bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An alignment algorithm using coherent twin boundaries as internal reference in 3D‐EBSD
Authors: Li Heng , Xia Shuang , Bai Qin , Liu Tingguang , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) microstructural volume is reconstructed from a stack of two‐dimensional sections which was obtained by serial sectioning coupled with electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) mapping of a 316L austenitic stainless steel. A new alignment algorithm named linear translation by minimising the indicator (LTMI) is proposed to reduce the translational misalignments between adjacent sections by referencing to coherent twin boundaries which are flat and lying on {111} planes. The angular difference between the measured orientation of a flat twin boundary and that of the {111} plane is used as an indicator of the accuracy of the alignment operations. This indicator is minimised through linear translations of the centroids of triangular facets, which constitute grain boundaries at a distance not restricted by the in‐plane step size of the EBSD maps. And hence the systematic trend in the translational misalignments can be effectively reduced. The LTMI alignment procedure proposed herein effectively corrects the misalignments remained by other methods on a 3D‐EBSD data prepared using serial sectioning methods. The accuracy in distinguishing between coherent and incoherent twin boundaries is significantly improved.
Does grit predict thriving or is it the other way around? A latent cross‐lagged panel model on the triarchic model of grit and the 5Cs of positive youth development
Authors: Buenconsejo Jet Uy , Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Liu Duo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGrit, defined as passion and perseverance to achieve long‐term goals, has been associated with adolescents' optimal academic and psychological functioning. However, the role of grit in adolescents' positive youth development (PYD)—characterized by the 5Cs known as competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring—remains unknown. Using latent cross‐lagged panel modeling, this study examined the longitudinal relations between the triarchic model of grit (TMG) dimensions (i.e., perseverance of effort, consistency of interest, and adaptability to situations), and the 5Cs of PYD while controlling for specific socio‐demographic covariates (gender, age, SES, and school type). Data were obtained from 1620 Filipino adolescents (Mage = 17.15; SDage = 1.00) in November 2021 and May 2022. Results show that grit dimensions predicted subsequent PYD dimensions, but not vice versa. Specifically, while perseverance and adaptability were linked to higher levels of competence, confidence, and character, consistency was associated with lower levels of competence and confidence six months later. Results highlight the importance of grit's dimensions in facilitating PYD characteristics among adolescents, especially efficacy‐related Cs (competence and confidence). Theoretical and practical implications in promoting adolescent thriving and well‐being are discussed.
Autonomic cardiovascular control is unaffected in children referred for assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness
Authors: Francis Jamilla , Plunkett Georgina , Shetty Marisha , Davey Margot J. , Nixon Gillian M. , Walter Lisa M. , Horne Rosemary S. C. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThere is conflicting evidence for impaired autonomic control of heart rate (HR) in adults with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnolence (IH). Despite these chronic hypersomnia conditions primarily being diagnosed around the age of puberty, there are limited studies in children. The present study investigated cardiovascular control using heart rate variability (HRV) and the extent of nocturnal HR dipping during sleep in children and adolescents with narcolepsy and IH. Children having an overnight polysomnographic study followed by a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) for investigation of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) between May 2010 to December 2023 were included: 28 children diagnosed with narcolepsy, 11 with IH, and 26 subjectively sleepy children who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for either narcolepsy or IH. Each clinically referred child was matched for age and sex with a control. Time domain and frequency domain HRV were calculated from ECG recorded at 512 Hz. There were no differences in either time domain or spectral analysis of HRV between clinical groups or between clinical groups and their control group. The expected sleep state differences in HRV were observed in all groups. There was also no difference in HR nocturnal dipping between groups. Despite evidence for abnormal autonomic function in adults with narcolepsy and IH, our study did not identify any abnormalities in HR, HR control, or nocturnal dipping of HR in children referred for assessment of EDS. This suggests that autonomic dysfunction may be a feature of these conditions that develops in later life.
Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite Ciprofloxacin in Nanyang Cattle
Authors: Yang Fang , Sun Long‐Ji , Yang Fan , Li Shi‐Hao , Chen Yu‐Xin , Wang Wen‐Rui 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in Nanyang cattle after a single intravenous (IV), and intramuscular (IM) administration of enrofloxacin at 2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW). Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations in plasma were simultaneously determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method and subjected to a non‐compartmental analysis. After IV administration, enrofloxacin had a mean (±SD) volume of distribution at steady state (V
SS) of 1.394 ± 0.349 L/kg, a terminal half‐life (t
1/2λz
) of 3.592 ± 1.205 h, and a total body clearance (Cl) of 0.675 ± 0.16 L/h/kg. After IM administration, enrofloxacin was absorbed relatively slowly but completely, with a mean absorption time (MAT) of 6.051 ± 1.107 h and a bioavailability of 99.225 ± 7.389%. Both compounds were detected simultaneously in most plasma samples following both routes of administration, indicating efficient biotransformation of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin. After IV injection, the peak concentration (C
max) of ciprofloxacin was 0.315 ± 0.017 μg/mL, observed at 0.958 ± 0.102 h. Following IM injection, the corresponding values were 0.071 ± 0.006 μg/mL and 3 ± 1.095 h, respectively. Following IV and IM administration, the conversion ratio of enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin was calculated as 59.2 ± 9.6% and 31.2 ± 7.7%, respectively. The present results demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for enrofloxacin, characterized by complete absorption with relatively slow kinetics, extensive distribution, efficient biotransformation to ciprofloxacin, and prolonged elimination in Nanyang cattle.
Recurrent hybridization and gene flow shaped Norway and Siberian spruce evolutionary history over multiple glacial cycles
Authors: Zhou Qiujie , Karunarathne Piyal , Andersson‐Li Lili , Chen Chen , Opgenoorth Lars , Heer Katrin , Piotti Andrea , Vendramin Giovanni Giuseppe , Nakvasina Elena , Lascoux Martin , Milesi Pascal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost tree species underwent cycles of contraction and expansion during the Quaternary. These cycles led to an ancient and complex genetic structure that has since been affected by extensive gene flow and by strong local adaptation. The extent to which hybridization played a role in this multi‐layered genetic structure is important to be investigated. To study the effect of hybridization on the joint population genetic structure of two dominant species of the Eurasian boreal forest, Picea abies and P. obovata, we used targeted resequencing and obtained around 480 K nuclear SNPs and 87 chloroplast SNPs in 542 individuals sampled across most of their distribution ranges. Despite extensive gene flow and a clear pattern of Isolation‐by‐Distance, distinct genetic clusters emerged, indicating the presence of barriers and corridors to migration. Two cryptic refugia located in the large hybrid zone between the two species played a critical role in shaping their current distributions. The two species repeatedly hybridized during the Pleistocene and the direction of introgression depended on latitude. Our study suggests that hybridization helped both species to overcome main shifts in their distribution ranges during glacial cycles and highlights the importance of considering whole species complex instead of separate entities to retrieve complex demographic histories.
Negotiating the Restoration Of the Iran Nuclear Deal
Authors: Rees Wyn , Salimian Rizi Hossein 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere have been protracted negotiations in Vienna to revive the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), or nuclear deal, that Iran signed in 2015 but was suspended by the withdrawal of the United States four years later. This article argues that two factors account for the failure to renew the JCPOA. One is the 2021 change of presidency in Iran from the reformist Hassan Rouhani to the conservative Ebrahim Raisi. The other is the transformed international environment that provided Iran with opportunities to align with China and Russia. While it suited Iran to continue the nuclear talks to minimize the risk of more punitive actions, Tehran has recalculated its interests and taken a hard line on a potential new deal. The process has grown more complicated with Israel's war in Gaza, the conflict's possible expansion across the region, and the election of a new Iranian president. The analysis concludes that Iran is unlikely to return to the JCPOA.
A philosophical exploration of rural health and nursing based on an undergraduate United States‐Australian collaboration through the lens of ‘positionality’
Authors: Smith Jessica G. , Laver Sharon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGrowing nursing workforce maldistributions impede rural healthcare access globally. In‐depth exploration of underlying philosophical ideas about rural health in nursing curricular could support recruitment and retention of nurses who are well positioned to support and advocated for health care and services relevant to their communities. Through a lens of positionality, the purpose of this paper is to explore rural health and nursing within the United States and Australia from the perspective of undergraduate students. Recognizing that both countries have ‘first world’ health services, issues of access to services associated with systemic and structural biases were significant features identified by participants. Their perceptions were supported by discussion with attendees of the 26th International Nursing Philosophy Conference from several countries, during a presentation titled ‘What is different about rural health nursing: A philosophical exploration.’ This international consistency suggests that systemic and structural biases are global phenomena. While exposure to rural health and rural nursing may be beneficial for recruitment, preparing nurses for rural practice requires more than educating students to complete clinical tasks. Uncovering collaboration, advocacy and policy development opportunities for nurses in rural communities could move the dial from recruiting rural nurses to fulfill immediate needs to retention of well‐educated and highly skilled nurses. Building a stronger philosophical base for rural healthcare inclusive of all people, honouring their distinguishing characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, is long overdue. Positionality can inform how nurses across the globe relate to other countries' governments, cultures, norms, values, expectations, etc., which can influence the advancement of the profession and address social inequities among rural populations.
The Implications of Routine‐Biased Technological Change on Hours Worked Fluctuations*
Authors: Bock Sébastien , Fontaine Idriss 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTechnological change has been biased towards replacing routine labour over the past four decades. We study the implications of those shifts in the task composition of labour demand on hours worked fluctuations. We build quarterly time series on hours worked and task premiums from the CPS and assess the effects of routine‐biased technological change by estimating a VAR model with long‐run exclusion and sign restrictions. The results indicate that the decline in total hours worked is driven by routine‐biased technology shocks through a decline in routine hours. These shocks generate recognizable aggregate fluctuations pointing out to their potential relevance for business cycles.
Facilitators and barriers to healthful eating among adolescents in high‐income countries: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Louey Jennifer , He Jingju , Partridge Stephanie R. , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdolescent obesity continues to be a public health challenge with poor quality diets contributing to its etiology. As part of the process to plan health promotion and policy interventions, understanding adolescents perceived facilitators and barriers to healthful eating is important. An integrative convergent mixed‐methods systematic review was used to synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence from studies among adolescents aged 10–19 years in high‐income countries. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus were searched for peer‐reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2023 and exploring adolescents' perspectives on healthful eating and contemporary contextual factors. Transformed quantitative data were integrated with qualitative data. Text was coded into subthemes and themes using an inductive approach. Key facilitators included health and physical appearance; motivation; taste; nutrition knowledge, awareness, and skills; nutrition education access; availability and accessibility of healthful foods; family; and social influences and digital media. Key barriers included taste and cravings for unhealthful foods; mood; lack of motivation, awareness, knowledge, and skills; high availability and low cost of unhealthful foods; peers and social influences; ineffective school policies; high density of fast‐food outlets; unhealthful food advertising; digital influences; and time constraints. Social, behavioral, digital, and food environmental factors should be considered from an adolescent perspective in the design of education, health promotion, and policy interventions.
The Effectiveness of Group Interpersonal Therapy on Burnout Among Long‐Term Care Workers
Authors: Oral Meltem , Karakurt Nurgül 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveBurnout syndrome can have a negative impact on people who work in occupations that require close interaction with others, contributing to a decline in their psychological well‐being. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Group Interpersonal Therapy (IPT‐G) in reducing burnout among care workers for older adults in a Turkish long‐term care facility.MethodsThe study employed a pretest–post‐test randomised experimental design. Fifty care workers scoring 27 or above on emotional exhaustion and 10 or above on depersonalisation subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group for 8 weeks. The study utilised the World Health Organization (WHO) Group Interpersonal Therapy for Depression manual as a guide. The post‐test was conducted immediately after the last session of the intervention.ResultsIn comparing pre‐ and post‐test scores of the intervention group, a statistically significant difference was found in overall burnout scores (pretest M = 74.10, post‐test M = 63.08, p < 0.001; d = 1.12). Additionally, emotional exhaustion scores (pretest M = 30.99, post‐test M = 24.89, p < 0.001; d = 1.11) and depersonalisation scores (pretest M = 12.76, post‐test M = 8.53, p < 0.001; d = 1.69) exhibited significant differences. However, no significant difference was observed in personal accomplishment scores (p > 0.05). The control group had no significant differences concerning the overall burnout scores and all three subscales (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe IPT‐G used in this study effectively decreased burnout among care workers in a long‐term care facility in Türkiye. In addition, the participants reported high satisfaction with the IPT‐G program.Implications for PracticeOur results support the usefulness of the IPT‐G program for care workers in long‐term care facilities considering adding it to their occupational health management. This research aimed to determine whether IPT‐G successfully decreased care worker burnout. Future research focusing on various types of healthcare workers in long‐term care facilities and examining factors such as burnout, job satisfaction and self‐efficacy could provide more information on the effects of IPT‐G.
The Perceptions and Experiences of Older People Living in the Aftermath of Lombok Earthquakes, Indonesia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Aurizki Gading Ekapuja , Efendi Ferry , Indarwati Retno , Andriani Firma , Sari Dianis Wulan , Noguchi‐Watanabe Maiko 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite the growing knowledge of people's vulnerability following natural disasters, the perspective of older people has received limited attention. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of older people encountering the 2018 Lombok earthquakes.MethodsThis exploratory qualitative study involved 16 older people living in one of the villages most affected by the 2018 earthquakes in Lombok Island, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. The data were collected in June 2019 using semi‐structured interviews. Participants' responses were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis managed in NVivo.ResultsFrom older people's perspectives, three themes were generated: surviving the disaster, dealing with life changes and navigating through challenges and hope. Each theme comprised two categories, which reflected the journey of older people from the early to the later phase of the disaster.ConclusionsOlder people experienced critical conditions and difficulties both physically and mentally. They also experienced various emotional responses before accepting living situations following a disaster. Nurses should play a role in fulfilling the physical and mental health needs of older people in post‐disaster conditions.Implications for PracticeThis study can inform nurses and other key stakeholders about the needs of older people during and after natural disasters. Nurses need to be equipped with the skills and abilities to identify and meet the needs of older people in difficult situations and with limited resources.
Reducing Hospital Length of Stay and Hepatic Artery Thrombosis Rates for Children Receiving a Liver Transplant: A Single‐Center Experience From 2000 to 2021
Authors: Fennessy Jack , Thomas Gordon , Waters Greer , Stormon Michael , Shun Albert , Cavazzoni Elena 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPediatric liver transplantation is a very resource‐intensive therapy. This study aimed to identify the changes made between two epochs of management and analyze their influence on length of stay (LOS).MethodsData from a single center were obtained from the liver transplant and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) databases for 336 transplants (282 children) performed between 2000 and 2021. Transplants were analyzed in two epochs, before and after July 2012, representing a change in postoperative anticoagulation management. Differences in graft recipient demographics and perioperative management factors were compared between epochs. Multivariate regression was performed to identify the complications that correlated most strongly with hospital LOS.ResultsThere was a difference in hospital LOS between Epoch 1 (Median = 31.7 days) and Epoch 2 (Median = 26.3 days) (p < 0.001), but not in PICU LOS (E1 Median = 7.3 days, E2 Median = 7.4 days; p = 0.792). Epoch 2 saw increased use of split grafts (60.6% of total), decreased pediatric end‐stage liver disease (PELD) score at transplant (Average = 16.7; p < 0.001), decreased invasive ventilation time (Average = 4.48 days; p < 0.001), and decreased hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) rates (E1 = 14.4%, E2 = 4.3%; p < 0.001) without an associated increase in bleeding rates.ConclusionsHospital LOS has reduced in Epoch 2 due to refinements in intraoperative and postoperative management. There is increased emphasis on early extubation and increased use of noninvasive ventilatory techniques in Epoch 2. Split grafts have effectively expanded our graft donor pool and reduced transplant waitlist times.
Registration‐based point cloud deskewing and dynamic lidar simulation
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Khoshelham Kourosh , Khodabandeh Amir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPoint clouds captured using laser scanners mounted on mobile platforms contain errors at the centimetre to decimetre level due to motion distortion. In applications such as lidar odometry or SLAM, this motion distortion is often ignored. However, in applications such as HD mapping or precise vehicle localisation, it is necessary to correct the effect of motion distortion or ‘deskew’ the point clouds before using them. Existing methods for deskewing point clouds mostly rely on high frequency IMU, which may not always be available. In this paper, we propose a straightforward approach that uses the registration of consecutive point clouds to estimate the motion of the scanner and deskew the point clouds. We introduce a novel surface‐based evaluation method to evaluate the performance of the proposed deskewing method. Furthermore, we develop a lidar simulator using the reverse of the proposed deskewing method which can produce synthetic point clouds with realistic motion distortion.
Ontogeny and organ‐specific steroidal glycoside diversity is associated with differential expression of steroidal glycoside pathway genes in two Solanum dulcamara leaf chemotypes
Authors: Anaia R. A. , Chiocchio I. , Sontowski R. , Swinkels B. , Vergara F. , van Dam N. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Solanaceous plants, such as Solanum dulcamara, produce steroidal glycosides (SGs). Leaf SG profiles vary among S. dulcamara individuals, leading to distinct phytochemical phenotypes (‘chemotypes’) and intraspecific phytochemical diversity (‘chemodiversity’). However, if and how SG chemodiversity varies among organs and across ontogeny, and how this relates to SG metabolism gene expression is unknown.
Among organs and across ontogeny, S. dulcamara plants with saturated (S) and unsaturated (U) SG leaf chemotypes were selected and clonally propagated. Roots, stems and leaves were harvested from vegetative and flowering plants. Extracts were analysed using untargeted LC–MS. Expression of candidate genes in SG metabolism (SdGAME9, SdGAME4, SdGAME25, SdS5αR2 and SdDPS) was analysed using RT‐qPCRs.
Our analyses showed that SG chemodiversity varies among organs and across ontogeny in S. dulcamara; SG richness (Dmg) was higher in flowering than vegetative plants. In vegetative plants, Dmg was higher for leaves than for roots.
Lack of SdGAME25 expression in U‐chemotype leaves, while readily expressed in roots and stems, suggests a pivotal role for SdGAME25 in differentiation of leaf chemotypes in vegetative and flowering plants. By acting as an ontogeny‐dependent chemotypic switch, differential regulation of SdGAME25 enables adaptive allocation of SGs, thereby increasing SG chemodiversity in leaves. This indicates that differential expression and/or regulation of glycoalkaloid metabolism genes, rather than their presence or absence, explains observed chemotypic variation in SG chemodiversity among organs and across ontogeny.