bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of migrants on communicable diseases in Thailand
Authors: Lerskullawat Attasuda , Puttitanun Thitima 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile foreign migrants contribute to economic development, they may impact public health by transmitting communicable diseases to the local population. With its geopolitical position, Thailand has been a primary destination for migrants from neighbouring countries in Southeast Asia and beyond. This positioning makes it a focal point for examining the complexities of migration dynamics and its implications for public health. Through a quantitative analysis, this paper investigates the influence of foreign migrants on physical health issues in Thailand, exploring their impact on various types of communicable diseases. The utilization of provincial-level data from Thailand offers insights into the localized effects of migrant populations on public health within the country. These insights can serve as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers who conduct comparative analyses, facilitating a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between international migration and public health worldwide.MethodsA spatial panel autoregressive model (SAR) is applied on the provincial level communicable diseases and socio-economic data in Thailand from the period 2016 to 2021.ResultsThe results indicate that the influence of foreign migrants on communicable diseases in Thailand varies depending on the type of disease. While an increase in migrants correlates with a higher prevalence of respiratory and other communicable diseases, it conversely reduces the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Additionally, we found that migrants do not significantly impact the prevalence of food- and water-borne diseases, insect-borne diseases, animal-borne diseases, or sexually transmitted diseases in Thailand. Additionally, other factors, such as GPP per capita, unemployment, poverty, and technology access, strongly correlate with most types of communicable diseases.ConclusionAs revealed by this study, the increase in migrants leads to a rise in respiratory and other communicable diseases, as well as a decrease in vaccine-preventable diseases, which carries significant policy implications. These results urge policymakers, the Ministry of Labour, and the Ministry of Public Health to implement tailored policies and measures to enhance public health and effectively mitigate the risk of communicable diseases transmitted by migrants in the future.
Betting high, feeling low: a cross-sectional examination of gambling severity and psychological distress among Ghanaian youth
Authors: Manu Emmanuel , Acquah Francis , Douglas Mbuyiselo , Akitty Emmanuel , Zanu Emefa Priscilla , Ampomah Mary Akua , Adoma Prince Owusu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the nexus between online gambling and psychological distress among youth, especially in Ghana. This study aimed to investigate the effects of online sports betting on psychological distress, focusing on depression, anxiety, and stress among young individuals in the Volta region of Ghana.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out at various betting centers in the Volta region of Ghana. Four hundred and three (403) participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The study used a standardized questionnaire to assess psychological distress with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21) and problematic gambling with the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). The analysis included both descriptive and inferential methods. These include the implementation of the bootstrap technique within multiple regression models using the current versions of Jeffreys’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) [0.18.2], Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) [29.0.2], and Microsoft Excel (2019).

Results
The study found a prevalence of 40% for problematic gambling and 44% for moderate gambling problems among participants, resulting in an overall gambling prevalence of 84%. Regarding psychological distress, the estimated prevalence of depression among participants was 43.6%, with stress reported at 31.1% and anxiety at 68.8%. The overall prevalence of psychological distress was 48%. When analyzing the link between gambling and psychological distress, the study noted that males were more prone to gambling-related psychological distress than females (β = 2.036, p = 0.025). Furthermore, individuals with problem gambling showed the highest probability of experiencing more significant psychological distress compared to other groups (β = 9.228, p = 0.002), followed by those with moderate gambling levels (β = 3.283, p = 0.002).

Conclusion
We recommend that the mental health unit of the Ghana Health Service, in collaboration with the Gaming Commission of Ghana, should develop youth-friendly interventions to address the prevalence and onset of problematic gambling among the youth, especially males. This could, in turn, reduce the prevalence of psychological distress among youth engaged in online gambling in Ghana.
Young children’s screen habits and first-time parents’ reflections on screen use in socioeconomically disadvantaged Swedish settings: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mekhail Kirsi Tiitinen , Blom Lisa , Rydström Lise-Lott 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite WHO’s recommendation of limited screen time for children < 2 years, they are worldwide established screen users. Several negative consequences are connected to excessive screen use among children. As parents are key actors in introducing screens to children, it is important to explore children’s screen habits and parents’ perspectives on screen in different populations, which could support the development of guidelines for healthier screen use. This study aimed to explore young children’s screen use habits and describe first-time parents’ reflections on children’s screen use in socioeconomically disadvantaged Swedish settings.

Methods
This mixed methods study was a part of larger studies within Stockholm County. The data were collected through semi-structured questionnaire-based interviews, among first-time parents (N = 386) of 15–18 months-olds at local Child Health Care centres during 2019–2022. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses conducted in parallel resulted in descriptive statistics and qualitative categories.

Results
Most children (92.4%) used screens by the age of 15–18 months, commonly for a maximum of 30 min (48.5%) per day. Participants stated the most suitable age for starting screen use to be after (41.7%) or at (37.9%) the age of two years. Parents’ reflections on screen use formed three main categories, each having two sub-categories: screen use patterns (screen-related time and reasons for screen use), perceived concerns with screen use (child development and social issues), and attitudes related to screen use (parents’ attitudes towards screens and child’s response to screens).

Conclusions
First-time parents in socioeconomically disadvantaged settings expressed awareness of possible negative screen-related effects and recommendations but did not always focus on long-term consequences when using screens in everyday life. Screens used as a short distraction, time spent together with screens, infants’ contact with relatives overseas, and pedagogical children’s programs and apps can be regarded as screen-related benefits. Encouraging parents’ self-reflection on their screen use may be a way of contributing to healthier screen habits among young children. Future studies are suggested regarding parents’ and children’s excessive interest in screens and how to manage screen use as a family.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered 18 February 2020 (ISRCTN10336603) and 24 May 2021 (ISRCTN66190787) in ISRCTN registry.
Interpretable machine learning models for predicting clinical pregnancies associated with surgical sperm retrieval from testes of different etiologies: a retrospective study
Authors: Cao Shun-shun , Liu Xiao-ming , Song Bo-tian , Hu Yang-yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The relationship between surgical sperm retrieval of different etiologies and clinical pregnancy is unclear. We aimed to develop a robust and interpretable machine learning (ML) model for predicting clinical pregnancy using the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) association of surgical sperm retrieval from testes of different etiologies.

Methods
A total of 345 infertile couples who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment with surgical sperm retrieval due to different etiologies from February 2020 to March 2023 at the reproductive center were retrospectively analyzed. The six machine learning (ML) models were used to predict the clinical pregnancy of ICSI. After evaluating the performance characteristics of the six ML models, the Extreme Gradient Boosting model (XGBoost) was selected as the best model, and SHAP was utilized to interpret the XGBoost model for predicting clinical pregnancies and to reveal the decision-making process of the model.

Results
Combining the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, brier score, and the area under the precision-recall (P-R) curve (AP), the XGBoost model has the best performance (AUROC: 0.858, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.778–0.936, accuracy: 79.71%, brier score: 0.151). The global summary plot of SHAP values shows that the female age is the most important feature influencing the model output. The SHAP plot showed that younger age in females, bigger testicular volume (TV), non-tobacco use, higher anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females, lower FSH in males, the temporary ejaculatory disorders (TED) group, and not the non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) group all resulted in an increased probability of clinical pregnancy.

Conclusions
The XGBoost model predicts clinical pregnancies associated with testicular sperm retrieval of different etiologies with high accuracy, reliability, and robustness. It can provide clinical counseling decisions for patients with surgical sperm retrieval of various etiologies.
Nephroptosis and ureteroinguinal incarcerated hernia mimicking acute appendicitis
Authors: Gergel Michal , Brychta Ivan , Lancz-Klikacova Anita , Mayer Alexander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe involvement of kidney, perirenal fat, and ureter is a rare variant of inguinal hernia. We report a case of a 78-year-old man presenting with typical clinical signs of acute appendicitis. Ultrasonography and CT scan revealed ptosis of the right kidney with a major part of the perirenal capsule involved in a large right sided inguinal hernia with acute obstruction of the ureter and urostasis. Acute surgery was performed, involving resection of perirenal fat, liberation, resection, and neoimplantation of the ureter, and hernioplasty. The postoperative period was uneventful. This case illustrates diagnostic unpredictability of acute appendicitis as well as anatomic variety of inguinal hernias.
Association of white blood cell count to mean platelet volume ratio with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a Chinese population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Yu , Miao Ying , Wan Qin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The white blood cell count to mean platelet volume ratio (WMR) is considered a promising inflammatory marker, and its recognition is increasing. Inflammation is closely related to metabolic diseases such as diabetes and its complications. However, there are currently no reports on the correlation between WMR and type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study aims to explore the correlation between WMR and DPN in type 2 diabetes patients. By understanding this association, we hope to provide a theoretical basis for preventing DPN through the improvement of inflammatory responses.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study involving 2515 patients with T2DM. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the associations between WMR and DPN. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was employed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of WMR for DPN.

Results
Patients in higher WMR quartiles exhibited increased presence of DPN. Additionally, WMR remained significantly associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) of DPN (OR 4.777, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.296–17.610, P < 0.05) after multivariate adjustment. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the optimal cutoff value for WMR in predicting DPN presence was 0.5395 (sensitivity: 65.40%; specificity: 41.80%; and area under the curve [AUC]: 0.540).

Conclusions
In patients with T2DM, WMR was significantly increased in DPN and independently associated with an increased risk of DPN presence in Chinese patients. This suggests that WMR may serve as a useful and reliable biomarker of DPN, highlighting the importance of paying more attention to T2DM patients with high WMR to further prevent and reduce the development of DPN and related unfavorable health outcomes.
Effect of anatomical studies prior to medical school on medical school anatomy study success and residency choice
Authors: Walter Brianna L. , Pratt Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
There is little research on how medical school matriculants’ experiences prior to medical school effects their choice of specialty or performance in medical school. This research attempts to fill that gap in research in regards to surgical and radiological fields.

Methods
An anonymous survey was sent to fourth year medical students asking them their background in anatomy studies prior to medical school and their anatomy grades in medical school and interest in surgical and radiological fields. Students were also asked whether they identified with under-represented demographic groups in those specialties.

Results
Prior anatomy experience did not significantly affect performance in anatomy courses or Step 1 and Step 2 scores. However, students who applied to surgical specialties had higher performance in anatomical courses and higher Step 1 scores compared to those who did not apply to surgical specialties. There was interestingly no difference in under-represented and not under-represented student application to these fields.

Discussion
For shareholders interested in increasing medical student performance, or interest in specific specialties, more information needs to be gathered.
Location and access to health courses for rural students: an Australian audit
Authors: McKinstry Carol , Quilliam Claire , Crawford Nicole , Thompson Jason , Sizer Stephanie Millns 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The undersupply of health professionals in rural areas impacts healthcare access for those living in rural Australia. A strategy to increase the rural health workforce is to recruit and educate rural people. However, long-standing inequities for rural Australians in accessing tertiary education persist. The aim of this study was to audit the 2023 offerings of Australian allied health, nursing, dental and medical university courses to identify geographical availability and those delivered online.

Methods
A desktop audit of Australian allied health, nursing, dental and medical courses offered in 2023 was undertaken to identify the courses and delivery modes of those courses offered in regional, rural and remote locations. The audit involved searching lists of professionally accredited courses and university websites, which is publicly available information about health courses. Data were tabulated and descriptive statistics used for data analysis.

Results
There were marked differences in online and rural course offerings across health professions in Modified Monash (MM) Model category 2–7 locations. Nursing/midwifery had the most courses while pharmacy, podiatry, dental and medicine had few offerings and optometry had none. Social work, nursing/midwifery and psychology also had the most online course offerings. Most courses were offered in MM2 and MM3 locations with few offerings in rural or remote areas. The availability of studying part-time was very limited and often this was only for the early years of the course. Inconsistencies relating to the course information on university websites existed relating to course delivery mode descriptions.

Conclusions
There is a lack of rural on-campus or online course offerings for some allied health disciplines, dentistry and medicine. Provision of end-to-end, flexible courses in rural areas or online is needed to reduce access barriers for rural students and to enable sustainable rural health workforce development.
Medical school origins of award-winning pathologists; analysis of a complete national dataset
Authors: Steele Sinclair , Andrade Gabriel , Abdulkader Marwah , Mohamed Yehia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The ultimate aim of medical education is to produce successful practitioners, which is a goal that educators, students and stakeholders support. These groups consider success to comprise optimum patient care with consequently positive career progression. Accordingly, identification of the common educational features of such high-achieving doctors will facilitate the generation of clinical excellence amongst future medical trainees. In our study we source data from British clinical merit award schemes and subsequently identify the medical school origins of pathologists who have achieved at least national distinction.

Methods
Britain operates Distinction Award/Clinical Excellence Award schemes which honour National Health Service doctors in Scotland, Wales and England who are identified as high achievers. This quantitative observational study used these awards as an outcome measure in an analysis of the 2019-20 dataset of all 901 national award-winning doctors. Where appropriate, Pearson’s Chi-Square test was applied.

Results
The top five medical schools (London university medical schools, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Oxford and Cambridge) were responsible for 60.4% of the pathologist award-winners, despite the dataset representing 85 medical schools. 96.4% of the pathologist merit award-winners were from European medical schools. 9.0% of the pathologist award-winners were international medical graduates in comparison with 11.4% of all 901 award-winners being international medical graduates.

Conclusions
The majority of pathologists who were national merit award-winners originated from only five, apparently overrepresented, UK university medical schools. In contrast, there was a greater diversity in medical school origin among the lower grade national award-winners; the largest number of international medical graduates were in these tier 3 awards (13.9%). As well as ranking educationally successful university medical schools, this study assists UK and international students, by providing a roadmap for rational decision making when selecting pathologist and non-pathologist medical education pathways that are more likely to fulfil their career ambitions.
Professional competencies in geriatric nursing for geriatric nurses: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Wang Mengxue , Li Dongdong , Li Jingjing , Zhang Xiumei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
As the global population continues to age, social realities such as advanced age, disability and living alone are coming to the fore, and the demand for medical care and health services for the elderly is increasing dramatically, especially in geriatrics. Given the important role geriatric nurses play in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and rehabilitation of elderly patients, and due to the uniqueness and complexity of geriatric work, this requires geriatric nurses not only to have the competencies that are available in general nursing, but also to ensure that they have sufficient geriatric core competencies in order to effectively meet the needs of the patients and accelerate their recovery. Although previous studies have investigated the core competencies of nursing staff, there has been little research on geriatric nurses’ core geriatric nursing competencies and their predictors. The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of the geriatric nursing competency inventory (GNCI) among geriatric nurses using latent profiling, to identify potential subgroups and their population characteristics, and to explore the factors that influence the potential subgroups.

Methods
From January to March 2024, 1,313 geriatric nurses in Hefei City were selected by stratified cluster sampling method and surveyed with general information questionnaire, geriatric nursing competency inventory, and occupational coping self-efficacy scale for nurses(OCSE-N). Potential subgroups of GNCI differences among geriatric nurses were identified by latent profile analysis (LPA). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to explore the factors influencing the GNCI of geriatric nurses with different latent profiles.

Results
Geriatric nurses’ OCSE-N was positively correlated with GNCI, and the GNCI score was 123.06(41.60), which indicated that geriatric nurses’ GNCI was at an intermediate level. The OCSE-N score was 35.44(7.34), which was at a relatively high level. There was heterogeneity in the GNCI of geriatric nurses, which was classified into three subgroups i.e., Low-competency group, Medium-competency group, High-competency group. The results of multiple logistic regression analyses showed that OCSE-N, title, whether or not they attended geriatric nurse specialist training, and specialist nurse status were predictors of GNCI among geriatric nurses (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The GNCI categorical characteristics of geriatric nurses are obvious, and nursing managers should adopt targeted interventions according to the characteristics of nurses in different profiles to improve the overall quality of care.
Does randomised evidence alter clinical practise? The react qualitative study
Authors: Lawday Samuel , Mattick Karen , Bethune Rob 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2015, the results of the ‘Small bites versus large bites for closure of abdominal midline incisions (STITCH) Trial’ were published in The Lancet. This demonstrated the superiority of small bite laparotomy closure over mass closure for the reduction of incisional hernias; despite this most surgeons have not changed their practice. Previous research has shown the time taken for the implementation of evidenced based practise within medicine takes an average of 17 years. This study aims to understand the reasons why surgeons have and have not changed their practice with regards to closure of midline laparotomy.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were completed with surgical consultants and registrars at a single institution in South West England. The interview topic guide was informed by a review of the published literature, which identified barriers to adopting evidence into surgical practice. Interview transcripts underwent thematic analysis with themes identified following discussions within the research team, exploring views on published data and clinical practise.

Results
Nine interviews with general surgical and urological consultants as well as registrars in training were performed. Three themes were identified; ‘Trusting the Evidence & Critical Appraisal’, ‘Surgical Attitude to Risk’ and ‘Adopting Evidence in Practise’, that reflected barriers to the introduction of evidenced based practise to clinical work.

Conclusion
Identification of the themes highlights possible areas for intervention to decrease the adoption time for evidence, for example from randomised controlled trials. The continued updating of clinical practise allows clinicians to provide best evidenced based care for patients and improve their outcomes.