bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatectic record and contrasting P–T paths of aluminous gneisses from the central Grenville Province
Authors: Lasalle S. , Indares A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAnatectic aluminous gneisses, some derived from sedimentary rocks of broadly pelitic composition and others from hydrothermally altered felsic volcanic rocks, are exposed in the mid‐P and high‐P segments of the hinterland in the central Grenville Province. These gneisses consist dominantly of garnet, biotite, K‐feldspar, plagioclase and quartz, with sillimanite or kyanite, and display microstructural evidence of anatexis by fluid‐absent reactions consuming muscovite and/or biotite. Melt‐related microstructures, such as inter‐granular films and/or interstitial quartz or feldspar enclosing relict phases, are most abundant in the metasedimentary samples. Despite anatexis at granulite facies conditions, the hydrothermally altered rocks preserve earlier features attributed to the circulation of hydrothermal fluids, such as sillimanite seams, dismembered quartz veins and garnet‐rich aluminous nodules in a K‐feldspar‐dominated matrix. Microstructural and mineral chemical data, integrated with P–T pseudosections calculated with thermocalc for the metasedimentary rocks, permit qualitative constraints on the P–T paths. Data from a high‐P kyanite‐bearing sample are consistent with a steep prograde P–T path up to ~14.5 kbar and 860–900 °C, followed by decompression with minor cooling to the solidus at ~11 kbar and 870 °C. This pressure‐dominated P–T path is similar to those inferred in other parts of the high‐P segment in the central Grenville Province. In contrast, the P–T path predicted from a mid‐P sillimanite‐bearing paragneiss has a strong temperature gradient with P–T of ~9.5 kbar and 850 °C at the thermal peak, and a retrograde portion down to ~8 kbar and 820 °C. In a broad sense, these two contrasting P–T patterns are consistent with predictions of thermo‐mechanical modelling of large hot orogens in which P–T paths with strong pressure gradients exhume deeper rocks in the orogenic flanks, whereas P–T paths with strong temperature gradients in the orogenic core reflect protracted lateral transport of ductile crust beneath a plateau.
“What Daughters, what Wives, what Mothers, Think You, They are?” Gender and the Transformation of Executions in theUnitedStates
Authors: Linders Annulla 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe transformation from public to private executions is generally understood as a consequence of the rationalization of authority in conjunction with growing class tensions and the emergence of bourgeois sentimentality. What is missing from this analysis is the role gender played. The exclusion of women from the execution site captures a more general tension around womanhood in the nineteenth century, but that tension was expressed differently depending on women's class and race locations. Using newspaper coverage of executions as my primary data source, I show that the interpretive challenges posed by women at the execution site varied by the social positions they occupied.
The Performance of Power: Sam Watson a Miners' Leader on Many Stages
Authors: Beynon Huw , Austrin Terry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper draws on the biography of Sam Watson, a miners' leader in the North East of England, to examine the ways in which power relations operated within the British labour movement in the forties and fifties. At that time the Marshall Plan and the concern by the US government to control the spread of communism in Europe provided a critical backdrop with the CIA's labor attaché programme providing links between the AFL and the CIOand the British TUC. Recent research has identified the significant role played in the development of these arrangements by Watson.The reliance of the Labour Party on the networks of national, regional and local trade unions has not been a central concern of students of this period. Certainly in accounts of the Marshall Plan, national figures like Ernest Bevin predominate. The “unveiling” here of Watson suggests the possibility of more fruitful investigations on a wider canvass. His relationship with the US mission in itself raises questions as to the social and political processes that made it possible for a middle ranking trade union official to occupy such a significant position of power and influence.The article draws on archival research and, most significantly, upon interviews conducted by the authors in the late seventies with key trade union officals and polticians. It explores the different ways that Watson dealt with communism and with members of the Communist Party, and the key role he played during critical struggles within the Labour Party. The detail of the “insider” accounts reveals the complex ways in which power was performed across and within different arenas – in North East England as regional secretary of the NUM; in London on the national executive committees of the Labour Party and NUM; and abroad as a member, then Chair, of the Labour Party's International Committee.
The Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerosis Using a New Multipurpose Ultrasound Probe
Authors: Evensen Kristin , Dahl Arve , Ronning Ole M. , Russell David 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMultipurpose ultrasound probes combined with ultra‐mobile ultrasound instrumentation have the potential to increase the availability and use of ultrasound examinations in the assessment of atherosclerotic burden and cardiac disease. The aim of this study was to compare the agreement of a newly developed multipurpose probe to a standard linear carotid probe in detection of atherosclerosis of the precerebral arteries.METHODSWe examined 103 patients with a multipurpose probe (General Electric, G9L MPP‐9 MHz) and a standard linear probe (General Electric, Vivid 7‐M12L‐14 MHz). Measurements included intima‐media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries (CCA), carotid bifurcations (BIF), internal carotid arteries (ICA), and detection of carotid plaques and stenoses.RESULTSWe found a significant level of agreement between the two probes for all IMT measurements with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of: left CCA .91, left BIF .68, left ICA .75, right CCA .84, right BIF .74, and right ICA .59. Agreement with regard to carotid plaque and stenosis detection had kappa values of .94 and .93.CONCLUSIONThe multipurpose probe showed agreement with a standard linear probe in detecting atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries and has therefore the potential for use in both cardiac and precerebral ultrasound examinations.
Consistency and specificity in burglars who commit prolific residential burglary: Testing the core assumptions underpinning behavioural crime linkage
Authors: Bouhana Noémie , Johnson Shane D. , Porter Mike 
Published: March 2014

PurposeBehavioural crime linkage is underpinned by two assumptions: (a) that offenders exhibit some degree of consistency in the way they commit offences (their modus operandi [MO]); and, (b) that offenders can be differentiated on the basis of their offence behaviour. The majority of existing studies sample at most three crimes from an offender's series of detected crimes and do not examine whether patterns differ across offenders. Here, we examine patterns observed across the entire detected series of each sampled offender, and assess how homogeneous patterns are across offenders.MethodsUsing a non‐parametric resampling approach, we analyse the entire crime series of 153 prolific burglars to determine if they exhibit consistency and specificity in the way they commit offences.ResultsFindings suggest that offenders exhibit consistency in the way they commit offences. With respect to specificity, our results suggest that patterns are not homogeneous across offenders or the type of MO considered – some offenders exhibit more specificity than do others, and offenders are more distinctive for some aspects of their MO (particularly spatial choices) than they are for others.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for the underlying principles of crime linkage, but suggest that some aspects of an offender's MO either conform to a common preference, or are perhaps more influenced by situational factors than stable scripted preferences. That some offenders fail to demonstrate sufficient specificity for accurate linkage suggests that identifying which crimes are likely to be the work of offenders who display more specificity a priori constitutes one challenge for future research of this kind.
Are field‐based exergames useful in preventing childhood obesity? A systematic review
Authors: Gao Z. , Chen S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryExergames have started to find their way into field‐based settings, such as schools, communities and homes, as a possible solution to curbing physical inactivity and childhood obesity. However, a clear view of the effects of field‐based exergaming on children's obesity‐related outcomes is lacking. Hence, a systematic review on this topic is warranted. This review synthesizes the impact of field‐based exergames on children's physical and psychosocial outcomes. A total of 34 articles conducted in field‐based settings were identified from 104 peer‐reviewed publications that investigated the effects of exergames. Upon screening, these articles met the inclusion criteria and a high inter‐rater agreement for inclusion was reached between the authors. The effects of field‐based exergames on children's habitual physical activity (PA) and obesity‐related outcomes (e.g. weight loss, body composition) remain unclear due to design problems, measurement issues and other methodology concerns. In addition, exergame is appealing to children, although strategies are warranted to sustain their interests. In summary, exergames are desirable as a promising addition to promote PA and health. Professionals may integrate exergames at field settings to promote a physically active lifestyle among children with the goal of curbing childhood obesity.
Frequency of Ear Symptoms and Hearing Loss in Ichthyosis: A Pilot Survey Study
Authors: Huang Jennifer T. , Mallon Kaitlin , Hamill Shannon , Ohlms Laurie A. , Liang Marilyn G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIchthyoses comprise a heterogeneous array of skin conditions resulting from impairment of cornification. Although ear structures can be affected, ear‐related symptoms have never been investigated in patients with ichthyosis. In this pilot survey study, our aim was to determine the frequency of ear symptoms, hearing loss, and related medical interventions in patients with ichthyosis. Our secondary aim was to compare the frequency of these items according to age group. An online survey using Redcap was developed and posted online on the Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types website for 6 months. Patients or parents of patients with ichthyosis were asked to complete the survey. Data analysis excluded patients with keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness syndrome and surveys that had fewer than two completed items. One hundred thirty‐five unique surveys were used for data analysis. Of all participants, 80% reported ear pruritus, 66% reported trouble hearing, 29% reported frequent ear pain, 28% had abnormal hearing test results, and 16% had used hearing aids. Of the 88 participants who reported trouble hearing, 24 (27.3%) had never been to a hearing specialist. Significantly more participants older than 18 years of age (74%, 57/77) reported trouble hearing than participants age 18 years and younger (53%, 31/58; p = 0.02). The frequencies of other ear symptoms and hearing loss were not statistically significantly different between the age groups. Ear pruritus, ear pain, and hearing loss are important concerns in patients with all forms of ichthyosis in all age groups. Early diagnosis and intervention may improve the quality of life of patients with ichthyosis.
Superficial Hemosiderotic Lymphovascular Malformation (Hobnail Hemangioma): A Report of Six Cases
Authors: Joyce Joel C. , Keith Phillip J. , Szabo Sara , Holland Kristen E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHobnail hemangioma (HH), initially termed targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma, is a rare, often solitary lesion classically characterized by a central brown or violaceous papulonodule surrounded at times by an ecchymotic halo. This lesion is typically found on the trunk or limbs of children or young to middle‐aged adults. Numerous case reports have found HHs to have a reproducible histologic appearance. Although the exact histogenesis of these lesions is unknown, multiple recent immunohistochemical studies suggest a lymphatic origin of these lesions. We present six cases of children with HHs with classic histology but with variability in their clinical appearance. Because the clinical presence of a targetoid halo is inconsistent and the hobnail phenomenon is not specific, we favor the designation of superficial hemosiderotic lymphovascular malformation instead of HH or targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma as a more unifying term for this rare clinical entity. By eliminating confounding terminologies (in this case, incorporation of “hemangioma” in the name of this entity), we also hope to encourage a swifter change in practice to move away from erroneous diagnostic considerations.
Pustular Psoriasis in Childhood and Adolescence: A 20‐Year Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Popadic Svetlana , Nikolic Milos 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPustular psoriasis (PP) is rare in children. The small number of reported cases makes deciding on treatment and follow‐up challenging. The current study was an evaluation of treatment approaches and courses of PP in 18 children diagnosed and followed over a 20‐year period. From 1992 to 2011 we treated 1,447 children with psoriasis, 18 of whom had PP. Follow‐up was 2 to 19 years. At the time of initial manifestation of PP, our patients were 1.5 months to 16 years old. Seven patients had a previous history of psoriasis vulgaris. Three children entered long‐term remission after one pustular attack, 10 developed psoriasis vulgaris, 2 are currently under treatment, and 3 were lost to follow‐up. Treatment with acitretin, cyclosporine, or methotrexate was efficacious and well tolerated. PP is rare, but according to our experience, it has a good prognosis in children.
Pyogenic Granuloma in a 5‐Month‐Old Treated with Topical Timolol
Authors: Khorsand Kate , Maier Morgan , Brandling‐Bennett Heather A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA 5‐month‐old healthy female presented with a pyogenic granuloma on the cheek. The lesion was treated with topical 0.5% gel‐forming solution, resulting in regression of the lesion after 1 month of treatment and no recurrence at 8 months. This case suggests that treatment of pyogenic granulomas with topical timolol may be considered, especially when other treatment modalities are challenging or could result in significant scarring.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis to a Laptop Computer in a Child
Authors: Jacob Sharon E. , Admani Shehla 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis report details the case of an 11‐year‐old boy with a history of atopic dermatitis who developed a widespread dermatitis 1 month after receiving a laptop for Christmas. Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel in the laptop was determined as the cause.
Ultrasound as a Diagnostic Aid in Identifying Neurofibromas
Authors: Zarchi Kian , Wortsman Ximena , Jemec Gregor B. E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 is a multisystem disorder associated with substantial clinical variability. During childhood, few neurofibromas and café au lait spots may be the only manifest symptoms, making correct and timely diagnosis difficult. Herein we describe the clinical usefulness of ultrasound examination in identifying neurofibromas.
A Case for Economic Capital as a Pillar 1 Regulatory Tool
Authors: Jacobs Johann , van Vuuren Gary 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRegulatory capital – as a tool for financial regulation – has come under scrutiny following the financial crisis of 2007‐2010 in terms of its ability to achieve the major objectives of financial regulations, namely contributing to financial stability; the provision of equally competitive regulatory conditions for financial institutions; and aiming to ensure that regulatory capital requirements are risk‐sensitive.This article investigates and compares the risk‐sensitivity of economic capital and regulatory capital requirements empirically from a systemic and institution‐specific perspective. The results are assessed to determine whether current regulatory capital requirements are representative of the relevant risks financial institutions face. Given these results as well as calls to strengthen Basel's Pillar 2 disciplines in the aftermath of the crisis, it also presents a case for regulators to place a heavier reliance on economic capital – rather than regulatory capital numbers.
Through the depths and heights of darkness; mothers as patients in psychiatric care
Authors: Blegen Nina Elisabeth , Eriksson Katie , Bondas Terese 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionThis study attempts to contribute to the knowledge of caring science and mental health care by means of a profound understanding of the patients' existential world when being a mother in receipt of psychiatric care, with focus on inner processes such as health and suffering. Mothers struggle to cope with the demands of the illness and the responsibility for their children. They see themselves through their children and regard the child as an important part of themselves. Mothers experience guilt and shame related to motherhood, and when they have to relinquish their responsibility as a mother, they consider themselves a failure. Despite a range of practical and emotional difficulties, motherhood involved extremely positive experiences, which provide a purpose as well as fulfilment and meaning in life.MethodologyThis study is rooted in philosophical hermeneutics inspired by Gadamer with an inductive‐deductive‐abductive approach. Interpretation of the data was made on different levels of abstraction described as rational, contextual, existential and ontological. The point of departure was the caring science theory about health and suffering and the hermeneutic philosophy of understanding.Result of the interpretationThe interpretation revealed the mothers' experiences of health and suffering as a struggle between the darkness of suffering and their inner source of strength. In the light of the theory of caring, the conscience became visible as the bearer of the human being's inner ethos of love and compassion. Experiences of health and suffering were interpreted as a struggle between guilt and responsibility, where conscience emerged as the road from ontological guilt to responsibility that leads the human being to what is true, beautiful and good in life.
Income Growth and Revolutions
Authors: Knutsen Carl Henrik 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThis article investigates whether economic growth and income level affect revolution attempts and successful revolutions.MethodsThe article conducts a statistical analysis, mainly using panel data logit models, on a data set including 150 countries with time series from 1919 to 2003.ResultsLow short‐term growth increases probabilities of both attempted and successful revolutions. There is some evidence that higher income levels mitigate revolution attempts, but this is not robust and further analysis indicates that any association may stem from oil income more specifically. There is no net effect of income level on successful revolution, but high income seemingly reduces probability of successful revolution more in democracies than in dictatorships. Although revolutions occur more frequently after “J curves” and “decremental deprivation patterns,” this is largely due to economic crises and not the more complex growth patterns as hypothesized by, respectively, Davies and Gurr.ConclusionLow short‐term economic growth induces revolutions, whereas the impact of income level is less clear and seemingly contingent on factors such as regime type and source of income.
Rights Talk: The Opinion Dynamics of Rights Framing
Authors: Djupe Paul A. , Lewis Andrew R. , Jelen Ted G. , Dahan Charles D. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveA classic statement about rights talks in American politics argues they are a divisive force, limiting discussion and creating zero‐sum questions. While we agree that rights talk has become ubiquitous, we disagree about its effects on the mass public. Rights frames are a way to provide publicly accessible reasons that should lead to perceptions of the source as less extreme, which enables discourse rather than cuts it off. We hypothesize that framing conservative issue positions in the language of “rights” (as opposed to morality) will lead to perceptions of the candidate as less conservative and less religious, enabling liberals to increase their support for the source.MethodsUsing a simple experimental design, we compare the effects of varying issue frames on beliefs about and attitudes toward a source across a wide variety of issues: abortion, the death penalty, gay rights, healthcare, and education.ResultsOur results support our hypothesis, though with some variation across issues that accords with the credibility of framing a conservative position in terms of rights.ConclusionContrary to prominent democratic theories, rights‐based frames promote discourse and perceptions of political moderation, particularly among younger Americans.
Adhesion of anaerobic bacteria to platelet containers
Authors: Kumaran D. , Kalab M. , Rood I. G. H. , de Korte D. , Ramirez‐Arcos S. 
Published: March 2014

AnaerobicPropionibacterium acnesandStaphylococcus saccharolyticusare frequently isolated during platelet screening with anaerobic culture methods. Although neitherP. acnesnorS. saccharolyticusproliferates during platelet storage, both species survive well in this environment. This study was aimed at determining whether strains ofP. acnesand/orS. saccharolyticusform surface‐attached bacterial cell aggregates, known as biofilms, under platelet storage conditions. We report that these organisms are able to adhere to the inner surface of platelet containers in tight interaction with activated platelets.
Reliable Sensing of Leaks in Pipelines
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Dimitris M. , Wu You , Youcef-Toumi Kamal , Ben-Mansour Rached 
Published: March 2014

Leakage is the major factor for unaccounted losses in every pipe network around the world (oil, gas or water). In most cases the deleterious effects associated with the occurrence of leaks may present serious economical and health problems. Therefore, leaks must be quickly detected, located and repaired. Unfortunately, most state of the art leak detection systems have limited applicability, are neither reliable nor robust, while others depend on user experience.
In this work we present a new in-pipe leak detection system, PipeGuard. PipeGuard performs autonomous leak detection in pipes and, thus, eliminates the need for user experience. This paper focuses on the detection module and its main characteristics. Detection in based on the presence of a pressure gradient in the neighborhood of the leak. Moreover, the proposed detector can sense leaks at any angle around the circumference of the pipe with only two sensors. We have validated the concepts by building a prototype and evaluated its performance under real conditions in an experimental laboratory setup.