bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular biology of actin binding proteins: evidence for a common structural domain in the F-actin binding sites of gelsolin and α-actinin
Authors: Way Michael , Pope Brian , Weeds Alan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
We review the impact of molecular biology on actin binding proteins, in particular on sequence relationships and expression of clones to dissect properties in vitro. Significant homologies exist between proteins in each class, but we propose, in addition, that common structural features exist between the F-actin binding sites of severing and cross-linking proteins.
Aluminum fluoride, microtubule stability, and kinesin rigor
Authors: Song Young-Hwa , Heins Susanne , Mandelkow Eckhard , Mandelkow Eva-Maria 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Aluminum fluoride may be used both to stabilize microtubules and to induce strong binding of kinesin, thus circumventing the need for taxol and AMP-PNP in kinesin preparations.
Small angle X-ray scattering studies on myosin
Authors: Faruqi A. R. , Cross R. A. , Kendrick-Jones J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a potentially powerful method for obtaining structural information from biological molecules in solution. The use of this technique in the laboratory has hitherto been limited by the long exposures necessary to obtain patterns on photographic film. Multi-wire area detectors, due to their high efficiency and absence of noise, enable patterns to be collected much more rapidly, typically in 1-2 h for a typical protein using laboratory sources. This opens up the possibility of using the technique on a semi-routine basis for a wide variety of problems. We outline the use of SAXS to characterise a large conformational change of myosin.
Molecular cloning of protozoan myosin I heavy chain genes
Authors: Hammer John A. , Jung Goeh 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Myosins I are ubiquitous, nonfilamentous, actin-based mechanoenzymes originally discovered in protozoa. The extensive in vitro biochemical studies of purified protozoan myosins I are now being complemented with in vivo studies using cloned myosin I heavy chain genes and gene targeting techniques. Here we review briefly the systems and methods being used in these efforts to dissect protozoan myosin I structure and function using molecular genetic approaches.
Mechanisms governing neuronal degeneration and axonal regeneration in the mature retinofugal system
Authors: Thanos Solon , Thiel Hans-Jürgen 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The ability of mammalian CNS neurons to regrow their lesioned axons declines during late embryonic and postnatal development. Consequently, adult retinal ganglion cells of mammals respond to injuries with rapid anterograde and protracted retrograde (Wallerian) degeneration. To monitor the cascade of events initiated by neuronal injuries, and to explore whether the regressive events of this cascade can be blocked or reversed, axotomy-induced ganglion cell responses were investigated in adult rats. The aim of the experiments was to block degradation of axotom-ized ganglion cells with enzymes which inhibit proteolytic activities within the retina (protease inhibitors). To achieve this goal, a new fluorescence technique was employed to assess both the chrono-topological pattern of degradation and the efficacy of the protease inhibitors and anti-inflammatory treatment in preventing cell death. Injection of protease inhibitors alone or combined with dexamethasone into the vitreous body of animals whose optic nerves were transected, protected ganglion cells from degradation and prevented endocytosis-dependent tracing of microglia. Two major functions of rescued ganglion cells proved their viability: (1) the numbers of ganglion cell axons extended from retinal stripes that were explanted 1 week after axotomy and cultured in vitro, were significantly higher when the retinal pieces originated from retinae pretreated with protease inhibitors and dexamethasone at the time of optic nerve transection than from untreated retinae; (2) the numbers of ganglion cells which regenerated axons into transplanted peripheral nerve pieces were more than doubled when the eyes were injected with protease inhibitors and dexamethasone during axotomy. The results show that blocking of the retinal proteases, which are presumably localized in microglial cells, and simultaneous treatment of the intraretinal inflammation, are key steps in understanding the intraretinal responses to axotomy and for beneficially manipulating the numbers of surviving neurons. In addition to the supporting influence of neurotrophic factors and to non-permissive features of oligodendroglia, the microglia co-regulate whether neurons can regenerate their axons.
How to build a glycinergic postsynaptic membrane
Authors: Betz Heinrich , Kuhse Jochen , Schmieden Volker , Malosio Maria-Luisa , Langosch Dieter , Prior Peter , Schmitt Bertram , Kirsch Joachim 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) is a ligandgated chloride channel protein found at many synapses of the mammalian central nervous system. During development, distinct isoforms of the GlyR are generated by the sequential expression of different a subunit variants. The appearance of adult-type GlyRs in spinal cord is accompanied by the accumulation of a 93×103Mr receptor-associated peripheral membrane protein. The latter has been localized at the cytoplasmic face of glycinergic postsynaptic membranes and is thought to anchor GlyRs beneath glycinergic nerve terminals. The 93×103Mr protein binds with high affinity to polymerized tubulin, suggesting that it functions as a receptor-microtubule linking component. Our data suggest that the interaction of developmentally regulated receptor isoforms with specialized microtubule-associated proteins represents a crucial step in the assembly of postsynaptic receptor matrices.
Cyclin A recruits p33cdk2to the cellular transcription factor DRTF1
Authors: Bandara Lasantha R. , Adamczewski Jorg P. , Zamanian Maryam , Poon Randy Y. C. , Hunt Tim , Thangue Nicholas B. La 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Cyclins are regulatory molecules that undergo periodic accumulation and destruction during each cell cycle. By activating p34cdk2 and related kinase subunits they control important events required for normal cell cycle progression. Cyclin A, for example, regulates at least two distinct kinase subunits, the mitotic kinase subunit p34cdk2 and related subunit p33cdk2, and is widely believed to be necessary for progression through S phase. However, cyclin A also forms a stable complex with the cellular transcription factor DRTF1 and thus may perform other functions during S phase. DRTF1, in addition, associates with the tumour suppressor retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product and the Rb-related protein p107. We now show, using biologically active fusion proteins, that cyclin A can direct the binding of the cdc2-like kinase subunit, p33cdk2, to complexed DRTF1, containing either Rb or p107, as well as activate its histone Hl kinase activity. Cyclin A cannot, however, direct p34cdk2 to the DRTF1 complex and we present evidence suggesting that the stability of the cyclin A-p33cdk2 complex is influenced by DRTF1 or an associated protein. Cyclin A, therefore, serves as an activating and targeting subunit of p33cdk2. The ability of cyclin A to activate and recruit p33cdk2 to DRTF1 may play an important role in regulating cell cycle progression and moreover defines a mechanism for coupling cell-cycle events to transcriptional initiation.
cis and trans regulation of tissue-specific transcription
Authors: Engel J. D. , Beug H. , Lavail J. H. , Zenke M. W. , Mayo K. , Leonard M. W. , Foley K. P. , Yang Z. , Kornhauser J. M. , Ko L. J. , Lim K.-C. , George K. M. , Breigél K. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Analysis of both the cis-regulatory sequences which control globin gene switching as well as the trans-acting factors which bind to these sequences to elicit a differential, developmentally regulated response has lent insight into the general mechanisms responsible for tissue-specific gene regulation. We show here that the chicken adult β-globin gene promoter sequences are intimately involved in competitive interaction with the β/ε-globin enhancer to regulate differentially ε-versus β-globin gene transcription. Secondly, we show that the family of GATA transcription factors directs gene regulation in a variety of discrete cell types, and describe potential cellular target genes for each member of the GATA factor family, as well as potential mechanisms whereby multiple GATA factors expressed in a single cell might be used to elicit differential transcriptional activities.
Transcriptional control by Drosophila gap genes
Authors: Jäckle Herbert , Hoch Michael , Pankratz Michael J. , Gerwin Nicole , Sauer Frank , BröNner GÜNter 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The segmented body pattern along the longitudinal axis of the Drosophila embryo is established by a cascade of specific transcription factor activities. This cascade is initiated by maternal gene products that are localized at the polar regions of the egg. The initial long-range positional information of the maternal factors, which are transcription factors (or are factors which activate or localize transcription factors), is transferred through the activity of the zygotic segmentation genes. The gap genes act at the top of this regulatory hierarchy. Expression of the gap genes occurs in discrete domains along the longitudinal axis of the preblastoderm and defines specific, overlapping sets of segment primordia. Their protein products, which are DNA-binding transcription factors mostly of the zinc finger type, form broad and overlapping concentration gradients which are controlled by maternal factors and by mutual inter-actions between the gap genes themselves. Once established, these overlapping gap protein gradients provide spatial cues which generate the repeated pattern of the subordinate pair-rule gene expression, thereby blue-printing the pattern of segmental units in the blastoderm embryo. Our results show different strategies by which maternal gene products, in combination with various gap gene proteins, provide position-dependent sets of transcriptional activator/repressor systems which regulate the spatial pattern of specific gap gene expression. Region-specific combinations of different transcription factors that derive from localized gap gene expression eventually generate the periodic pattern of pair-rule gene expression by the direct interaction with individual cis-acting “stripe elements” of particular pair-rule gene promotors. Thus, the developmental fate of blastoderm cells is programmed according to their position within the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo: maternal transcription factors regulate the region-specific expression of first zygotic transcription factors which, by their specific and unique combinations, control subordinate zygotic transcription factors, thereby subdividing the embryo into increasingly smaller units later seen in the larva.
Ankyrin-binding activity of nervous system cell adhesion molecules expressed in adult brain
Authors: Davis Jonathan Q. , Bennett Vann 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
A family of ankyrin-binding glycoproteins have been identified in adult rat brain that include alternatively spliced products of the same pre-mRNA. A composite sequence of ankyrin-binding glycoprotein (ABGP) shares 72% amino acid sequence identity with chicken neurofascin, a membrane-spanning neural cell adhesion molecule in the Ig super-family expressed in embryonic brain. ABGP polypeptides and ankyrin associate as pure proteins in a 1:1 molar stoichiometry at a site located in the predicted cytoplasmic domain. ABGP polypeptides are expressed late in postnatal development to approximately the same levels as ankyrin, and comprise a significant fraction of brain membrane proteins. Immunofluorescence studies have shown that ABGP polypeptides are co-localized with ankyrins. Major differences in developmental expression have been reported for neurofascin in embryos compared with the late postnatal expression of ABGP, suggesting that ABGP and neurofascin represent products of gene duplication events that have subsequently evolved in parallel with distinct roles. Predicted cytoplasmic domains of rat ABGP and chicken neurofascin are nearly identical to each other and closely related to a group of nervous system cell adhesion molecules with variable extracellular domains, including LI, Nr-CAM and Ng-CAM of vertebrates, and neuroglian of Drosophila. A hypothesis to be evaluated is that ankyrin-binding activity is shared by all of these proteins.
Gap junctions and tissue business: problems and strategies for developing specific functional reagents
Authors: Goodenough Daniel A. , Musil Linda S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The complex and overlapping tissue distribution of different members of the gap junctional connexin protein family is reviewed. Intermixing of different connexins in the building of intercellular channels and translational and posttranslational regulation of gap junctional channels add additional challenges to the interpretation of the possible functions played by gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in tissue business.
The role of transepithelial transport by M cells in microbial invasion and host defense
Authors: Neutra Marian R. , Kraehenbuhl Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Transepithelial transport of antigens by M cells in the epithelium associated with lymphoid follicles in the intestine delivers immunogens directly to organized mucosal lymphoid tissues, the inductive sites for mucosal immune responses. We have exploited M cell transport to generate and characterize specific monoclonal IgA antibodies that can prevent interaction of pathogens with epithelial surfaces. The relative protective capacities of specific monoclonal IgA antibodies have been tested in vivo by generation of hybridoma tumors that result in secretion of monoclonal IgA into the intestine. Using this method, we have established that secretion of IgA antibodies recognizing a single surface epitope on enteric pathogens can provide protection against colonization or invasion of the intestinal mucosa.
Epithelial polarity and differentiation in polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Avner Ellis D. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Renal cysts are central pathological features in a number of human congenital and acquired diseases, and produce significant morbidity and mortality. This review describes our laboratory’s efforts to identify specific alterations in epithelial cell polarity and differentiation associated with renal tubular cyst formation and progressive enlargement. Studies in a murine model of human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, the C57BL/6J cpk/cpk (CPK) mouse have demonstrated quantitative (increased activity) and qualitative (apical membrane distribution) alterations in Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase activity that mediate tubular cyst formation. Proximal tubular cyst formation in CPK kidneys is characterized by increased activity of a basolat-eral Na+,K+-ATPase, which drives organic anion secretion and consequent tubular fluid secretion. In contrast, collecting tubule cyst formation is characterized by increased apical membrane Na+,K+-ATPase expression, which may be a marker of the relatively undifferentiated phenotype of cyst lining cells. If such apically expressed enzyme is active, it may have pathogenic import in collecting tubule cyst formation and enlargement by mediating net basal to apical vectorial solute and fluid transport.
Characterization of the execution phase of apoptosis in vitro using extracts from condemned-phase cells
Authors: Lazebnik Y. A. , Takahashi A. , Poirier G. G. , Kaufmann S. H. , Earnshaw W. C. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Apoptotic cell death is characterized by a dramatic morphological transformation during which apparently healthy cells suddenly initiate a comprehensive program of motility changes and degradative activities that culminates in disassembly of the cell into membrane-enclosed vesicles. The mechanism of the cellular changes during this spectacular execution phase of apoptosis is just now yielding to biochemical analysis. In our laboratory, we have applied a novel in vitro system to the study of these events. In this system, nuclei isolated from healthy cells undergo the characteristic changes of apoptosis rapidly and synchronously. Using this system we have identified the first substrates for interleukin-1 β-converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteinases during apoptotic execution. One of these, the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase is cleaved very early in the apoptotic process. A second class of proteins, the nuclear lamins, is cleaved later in the pathway. Lamin cleavage requires a second ICE-related proteinase, and is essential for the complete dissolution of nuclei into apoptotic bodies. Studies with our cell-free extracts reveal that the various proteinases and nucleases that operate during the execution phase of apoptosis do so largely in independent parallel biochemical pathways. However, all of these pathways require the action of ICE-related proteinases for their initiation.
K-Promoted Co–CeO2 Catalyst for the Reverse Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Wang Luhui , Liu Hui , Chen Ying , Zhang Renkun , Yang Shuqing 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A K-promoted Co–CeO2 catalyst prepared through the coprecipitation–impregnation method was shown to give a higher activity for the reverse water–gas shift reaction but with lower formation of the side product CH4. TPR results suggested that the addition of small amounts of K (1 wt %) improved the cobalt oxide reducibility through an electron-donation effect.
Enantioselective Synthesis Induced by the Helical Molecular Arrangement in the Chiral Crystal of Achiral Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate in Conjunction with Asymmetric Autocatalysis
Authors: Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Uchida Mizuki , Kaimori Yoshiyasu , Sasagawa Taisuke , Matsumoto Arimasa , Soai Kenso 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
5-Pyrimidyl alkanol with an enantiomeric excess of up to &gt;99.5% was formed using chiral crystals of achiral tris(2-hydroxyethyl) 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate as a chiral initiator. In the enantioselective addition of diisopropylzinc to pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde, the helicity of the molecular arrangement of achiral tricarboxylate in the crystalline state could be successfully used as a source of chirality to afford enantioenriched alkanol in conjunction with asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of enantiomeric excess.
MnI2-catalyzed Dimerization of 2-Hydroxyanthracene
Authors: Zhang Sicheng , Wang Yanqing , Song Zhiyi , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Takahashi Tamotsu 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Dimerization of 2-hydroxyanthracene was investigated with 5 mol % of various catalysts that are efficient catalysts for the dimerization of 2-naphthol. Catalysts such as Cu(OH)Cl·TMEDA, [Mn(acac)3], and [Mn(acac)2] did not give satisfactory results. However, MnI2, which gave only trace amounts of dimerization product of 2-naphthol under the same conditions, afforded 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-bianthracene in 74% yield.
On some Indo-Pacific boring endolithic Bivalvia species introduced into the Mediterranean Sea with their host – spread of Sphenia rueppelli A. Adams, 1850
Authors: ZENETOS A. , OVALIS P. , EVIKER D. 
Published: May 2013

The study of the endolithic molluscs found on/in living alien Spondylusshells collected in the Gulf of Iskenderun (Turkey) brought to light three more alien bivalvia species namely Petricola hemprichi, Gastrochaena cymbium and Sphenia rueppelli. The presence of Sphenia rueppellideserves attention as it constitutes the first record of this species as living in the Mediterranean Sea. The definitive establishment and spreading of these bivalves in the basin seems to be also attested by careful analysis of specimens sampled in other southern Turkish localities and previously retained in local private collections. The present records raise some questions on the vector of arrival of the species in the Mediterranean Sea that could be strictly connected with their hosts.
New data on the occurrence of two alien fishes, Pisodonophis semicinctus and Pomadasys stridens, from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: BILECENOGLU M. , KAYA M. , ERYIGIT A. 
Published: May 2013

The tropical Atlantic originated saddled snake eel, Pisodonophis semicinctus (Richardson, 1848) and the Indian Ocean originated striped piggy, Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1775), are being recorded for the first time from Turkish coasts. First species is also a new addition to the eastern Mediterranean ichthyofauna, while the latter species has expanded its range to the northeastern Levant Sea.
From bonito to anchovy: a reconstruction of Turkey’s marine fisheries catches (1950-2010)
Authors: ULMAN A. , BEKISOGLU S. , ZENGIN M.A , KNUDSEN S. , UNAL V. , MATHEWS C. , HARPER S. , ZELLER D. , PAULY D. 
Published: May 2013

Turkey’s marine fisheries catches were estimated for the 1950-2010 time period using a reconstruction approach, which estimated all fisheries removals, including unreported landings, recreational landings and discards. We added these estimates to the ‘official’ data, as reported in TURKSTAT, which are also available from the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The total reconstructed catch for the 1950-2010 time period (inclusive of the reported data) is approximately 32 million t, or 74% more than the 18.4 million t of reported data. This added approximately 13.6 million t to the reported data, consisting of 6.9 million t of unreported landings, 2.6 million t of discards, 2.4 million t of recreational catches, and 1.7 million t of subsistence catches. In 2010, total reported marine landings for Turkey were 445,680 t and the total reconstructed catch was 763,760 t, or 73% more than the reported data. The main unreported taxon by tonnage was European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) due to its sheer high proportion of catch. The major reasons for underreporting include a general distrust fishers have towards the taxing system combined with inefficient fisheries monitoring and surveillance capabilities. Accounting for all fisheries components is crucial in understanding the development of fisheries resources, improving management, and reducing threats to the domestic food security of Turkey.
Seasonal steady-state budgets of nutrients and stoichiometric calculations in an Eastern Mediterranean lagoon (Papas Lagoon-Greece)
Authors: KRASAKOPOULOU E. , PAGOU K. 
Published: May 2013

The Papas Lagoon is an enclosed, small shallow water body in western Greece. The lagoon is naturally affected by eutrophication phenomena, but occasionally during the summer season, dystrophic crises occur, related to the decomposition of large beds of macroalgae. Physicochemical data collected monthly, from June 1998 to September 1999, were compiled and coupled with historical meteorological data, in order to construct seasonal water, salt and nutrients budgets using a single box single layer LOICZ model. Nutrients and other hydrochemical parameters exhibit great spatial and temporal variations. The non-conservative dissolved inorganic phosphorus flux (ΔDIP) is always positive, thus indicating that the system acts as a net source of DIP for the adjacent coastal waters. Higher values were estimated uring summer and autumn, probably due to organic matter mineralisation and release of DIP from surficial sediments in the reduced environment. In contrast to the ΔDIP, the non-conservative balance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (ΔDIN) is negative for most of the year, except for the summer, indicating the dominance of DIN removal processes in the Papas Lagoon. The Ulva growth and decomposition processes seem likely to be of essential importance for the evaluation of the non-conservative DIN fluxes. During the investigated period the amount of organic carbon respired and mineralized is greater than that produced by gross photosynthesis and the Papas Lagoon is a net heterotrophic system. Losses of DIN via denitrification appear to dominate over its inputs through nitrogen fixation throughout the year.