bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Meat Intake, NAT2, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 11 Studies
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N. , Du Mengmeng , Berndt Sonja I. , Brenner Hermann , Caan Bette J. , Casey Graham , Chang-Claude Jenny , Duggan David , Fuchs Charles S. , Gallinger Steven , Giovannucci Edward L. , Harrison Tabitha A. , Hayes Richard B. , Hoffmeister Michael , Hopper John L. , Hou Lifang , Hsu Li , Jenkins Mark A. , Kraft Peter , Ma Jing , Nan Hongmei , Newcomb Polly A. , Ogino Shuji , Potter John D. , Seminara Daniela , Slattery Martha L. , Thornquist Mark , White Emily , Wu Kana , Peters Ulrike , Chan Andrew T. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Background: Red meat intake has been associated with risk of colorectal cancer, potentially mediated through heterocyclic amines. The metabolic efficiency of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) required for the metabolic activation of such amines is influenced by genetic variation. The interaction between red meat intake, NAT2 genotype, and colorectal cancer has been inconsistently reported.
Methods: We used pooled individual-level data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry and the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium. Red meat intake was collected by each study. We inferred NAT2 phenotype based on polymorphism at rs1495741, highly predictive of enzyme activity. Interaction was assessed using multiplicative interaction terms in multivariate-adjusted models.
Results: From 11 studies, 8,290 colorectal cancer cases and 9,115 controls were included. The highest quartile of red meat intake was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer compared with the lowest quartile [OR, 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29–1.55]. However, a significant association was observed only for studies with retrospective diet data, not for studies with diet prospectively assessed before cancer diagnosis. Combining all studies, high red meat intake was similarly associated with colorectal cancer in those with a rapid/intermediate NAT2 genotype (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.20–1.59) as with a slow genotype (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.28–1.61; P interaction = 0.9).
Conclusion: We found that high red meat intake was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer only from retrospective case–control studies and not modified by NAT2 enzyme activity.
Impact: Our results suggest no interaction between NAT2 genotype and red meat intake in mediating risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 198–205. ©2014 AACR.
Differential Hemodynamic Effects of Exercise and Volume Expansion in People With and Without Heart Failure
Authors: Andersen Mads J. , Olson Thomas P. , Melenovsky Vojtech , Kane Garvan C. , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: October 2014

Background—
Invasive hemodynamic exercise testing is commonly used in the evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or pulmonary hypertension. Saline loading has been suggested as an alternative provocative maneuver, but the hemodynamic changes induced by the 2 stresses have not been compared.

Methods and Results—

Twenty-six subjects (aged, 67±10 years; n=14 HFpEF; n=12 control) underwent right heart catheterization at rest, during supine exercise, and with acute saline loading in a prospective study. Exercise and saline each increased cardiac output and pressures in the right atrium, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary wedge positions. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, rate–pressure product, and cardiac output were greater with exercise compared with saline. In controls subjects, right atrial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased similarly with saline and exercise, whereas in HFpEF subjects, exercise led to ≈2-fold greater increases in right atrial pressure (10±4 versus 6±3 mm Hg;
P
=0.02), pulmonary arterial pressure (22±8 versus 11±4 mm Hg;
P
=0.0001), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (18±5 versus 10±4 mm Hg;
P
<0.0001) compared with saline. Systolic reserve assessed by stroke work and cardiac power output was lower in HFpEF subjects with both exercise and saline. Systemic and pulmonary arterial compliances were enhanced with saline but reduced with exercise.

Conclusions—
Exercise elicits greater pulmonary capillary wedge pressure elevation compared with saline in HFpEF but not controls, suggesting that hemodynamic stresses beyond passive stiffness and increased venous return explain the development of pulmonary venous hypertension in HFpEF. Exercise testing is more sensitive than saline loading to detect hemodynamic derangements indicative of HFpEF.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01418248.
TV Editorials and Elections
Authors: Dabbous Dima 
Published: October 2014

According to Article 68 of election law no. 25/2008, the Lebanese media must ensure that standards of fairness, balance and impartiality among candidates are guaranteed. The challenge for national television stations in the months leading up to election day on 7 June 2009 was to comply with the law not just in their ‘factual’ news reports but mostly in the popular editorial opening segment of their newscast which, by definition, is subjective. This leads to the question: how did the TV stations manage this contradiction inherent in the structure and nature of their evening news bulletin when covering parliamentary elections in 2009? To what extent could they actually be impartial in a hybrid genre (TV news editorial) that, by definition, also required them to express confessional/party-specific views on a major, divisive national event? Based on the literature of critical discourse analysis, I argue in this paper that for the most part they did this discursively, by relying heavily on a number of linguistic strategies, specifically implicitness/ambiguity and intertextuality. By doing so, they sought to mask their bias for or against candidates and parliamentary alliances and avoid possible penalties by the recently established electoral monitoring body (the SCEC).
A Numerical Study on Oscillatory Flow-Induced Sediment Motion over Vortex Ripples
Authors: Chen Xin , Yu Xiping 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA two-dimensional, two-phase flow model is applied to the study of sediment motion over vortex ripples under oscillatory flow conditions. The Reynolds-averaged continuity equations and momentum equations for both the fluid and sediment phases, which include the drag force, the added mass force, the lift force for interphase coupling, and the standard k–ε turbulence model as well as the Henze–Tchen particle turbulence model for closure, are numerically solved with a finite-volume method. The model is effective over the whole depth from the undisturbed sandy bed to the low concentration region above the ripples. Neither a reference concentration nor a pickup function is required over the ripple bed as in a conventional advection–diffusion model. There is also no need to identify the bed load and the suspended load. The study focuses on the effects of erodible ripples on the intrawave flow and sediment motion over the ripples. The computational results show reasonable agreement with the available laboratory data. It is demonstrated that the formation–ejection process of vortices and the trapping–lifting process of sediment over vortex ripples can be well described by the two-phase flow model. The numerical model can also accurately predict the vertical distribution of the mean sediment concentration.
Oral Examination in the Cat
Authors: Clarke David E , Caiafa Anthony 
Published: October 2014

Practical relevance: Oral examination in the cat is a process of observing both normal and abnormal, and should be an integral part of any wellness examination as well as a response to any specific complaint(s). The basis for an accurate diagnosis is meticulous attention to detail. It is essential that the clinician performs a whole body examination prior to examining the head and neck region. Stages of examination: A thorough oral examination involves four stages. The first stage is to review the current oral problem(s) by asking questions and listening carefully to the owner’s responses; gaining a thorough medical/dental history may shed more light on the current problem(s). The second stage is an extraoral physical examination to visualise and palpate the head and neck regions in the awake patient. In the third stage the clinician performs an intraoral examination in the awake patient, before proceeding to the final stage, which is an extraoral and intraoral examination under general anaesthesia. Aim: This article describes a systematic approach to the oral examination, based on these four stages. The aim of this process is not only to facilitate the making and recording of observations, but also to help avoid missing important clues that may aid in reaching a diagnosis. Common tooth pathologies in the feline patient are also briefly reviewed, paving the way for accompanying articles in this two-part Special Issue, which will provide further insight into these pathologies and discuss management approaches.
Applied Feline Oral Anatomy and Tooth Extraction Techniques
Authors: Reiter Alexander M , Soltero-Rivera Maria M 
Published: October 2014

Practical relevance: Tooth extraction is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in small animal practice. Clinical challenges: The clinician must be familiar with normal oral anatomy, utilize nomenclature accepted in dentistry and oral surgery, use the modified Triadan system for numbering teeth, identify normal structures on a dental radiograph, understand the tissues that hold the teeth in the jaws, know the biomechanical principles of tooth extraction, be able to choose the most appropriate instrument for removal of a tooth, extract teeth using closed and open techniques, and create tension-free flaps for closure of extraction sites. Audience: This review is intended to familiarize both the general and referral practitioner with feline oral anatomy and tooth extraction techniques. Patient group: Tooth extraction is predominantly performed in cats with tooth resorption, chronic gingivostomatitis and periodontal disease. Equipment: The basic contents of a feline tooth extraction kit are explained. Evidence base: The guidance contained within this review is based on a combination of the published literature, the authors’ personal experience and the experience of colleagues.
Acidosis: A potential explanation for adverse fetal outcome in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. A case report
Authors: Sterrenburg K , Visser W , Smit LS , Cornette J 
Published: October 2014

Background Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a cholestatic disorder with an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcome. The mechanism underlying intrauterine demise is poorly understood. Case A nulliparous woman with gestational age of 36 plus 6 weeks presented with suspected intrahepatic cholestasis. Continuous CTG monitoring evolved from a normal pattern towards a non-reassuring pattern. A male neonate was delivered by caesarean section. Apgar scores 0, 1 and 4 at 1, 5 and 10 min. Fetal cord gas analysis showed pH 6.98, base deficit –15 mmol/L. Blood results showed maternal serum bile acid concentration of 220 µmol/L. Conclusion Our case suggests gradual evolution towards hypoxia and acidosis. It is unknown whether certain components in the bile acid concentrations might contribute to a fetal metabolic component of the acidosis.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Pediatric Athletes Presenting to Sports Medicine Clinic
Authors: Stracciolini Andrea , Stein Cynthia J. , Zurakowski David , Meehan William P. , Myer Gregory D. , Micheli Lyle J. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Limited data exist regarding the effect of the growth process on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk in male versus female children. Hypothesis: The proportion of ACL injuries/sports injuries presenting to clinic will vary by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Study Design: Cross-sectional epidemiologic study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The study group consisted of a randomly selected 5% probability sample of all children 5 to 17 years of age presenting to a sports medicine clinic from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009; 2133 charts were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, height and weight, injury mechanism, diagnosis, treatment, previous injury, and organized sports. Results: A total of 206 ACL tears were analyzed (104 girls, 102 boys). Girls were slightly older than boys (15.1 ± 1.7 vs 14.3 ± 2.1 years; P < 0.01). Male-female comparison of ACL injury/total injury by age revealed that girls had a steeper increase by age than boys. Among 5- to 12-year-olds, boys had a higher ACL injury/total injury ratio than girls (all P < 0.01). Children 13 to 17 years of age showed no significant difference for sex in ACL injury/total injury ratio. As age advanced, the proportion of ACL injuries/total injuries increased for both girls ( P < 0.01) and boys ( P = 0.04). BMI was independently associated with an ACL injury ( P < 0.01). Conclusion: The proportion of ACL injuries/total injuries was similar for boys and girls aged 13 to 17 years. Girls showed a significantly steeper increase in ACL injury proportion versus boys through puberty. Clinical Relevance: This study will increase clinician awareness of ACL injury occurrence in young male and female athletes 5 to 12 years of age. Injury prevention efforts should target young girls before the onset of puberty and before injury occurs.
Clinical and Biomechanical Evaluation of an All-Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Biceps Tenodesis
Authors: Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Patel Ronak M. , Nair Rueben , Deshmane Prashant P. , Harnden Galen , Terry Michael A. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Pathology of the long head of the biceps (LHB) is a well-recognized cause of shoulder pain in the adult population and can be managed surgically with tenotomy or tenodesis. Purpose: To compare the biomechanical strength of an all-arthroscopic biceps tenodesis technique that places the LHB distal to the bicipital groove in the suprapectoral region with a more traditional mini-open subpectoral tenodesis. This study also evaluates the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent biceps tenodesis using the all-arthroscopic technique. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study and case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: For the biomechanical evaluation of the all-arthroscopic biceps tenodesis technique, in which the biceps tendon is secured to the suprapectoral region distal to the bicipital groove with an interference screw, 14 fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders (7 matched pairs) were used to compare load to failure and displacement at peak load with a traditional open subpectoral location. For the clinical evaluation, 49 consecutive patients (51 shoulders) with a mean follow-up of 2.4 years who underwent an all-arthroscopic biceps tenodesis were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score preoperatively and at last follow-up, as well as the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score at last follow-up. Results: On biomechanical evaluation, there was no significant difference in peak failure load, displacement at peak load, or displacement after cyclic testing between the arthroscopic suprapectoral and mini-open subpectoral groups. In the clinical evaluation, the mean preoperative ASES score was 65.4, compared with 87.1 at last follow-up. The mean UCLA score at last follow-up was 30.2. Forty-eight (94.1%) patients reported satisfaction with the surgery. In subgroup analysis comparing patients who had a rotator cuff repair or labral repair at time of tenodesis with patients who did not have either of these procedures, there were no significant differences in UCLA or ASES scores. Conclusion: The excellent biomechanical strength as well as the high rate of satisfaction after surgery and high ASES and UCLA postoperative scores make this technique a novel option for treatment of biceps tendon pathology.
Comparing 3D foot scanning with conventional measurement methods
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chi , Lin Gloria , Wang Mao‐Jiun J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundFoot dimension information on different user groups is important for footwear design and clinical applications. Foot dimension data collected using different measurement methods presents accuracy problems. This study compared the precision and accuracy of the 3D foot scanning method with conventional foot dimension measurement methods including the digital caliper, ink footprint and digital footprint.MethodsSix commonly used foot dimensions, i.e. foot length, ball of foot length, outside ball of foot length, foot breadth diagonal, foot breadth horizontal and heel breadth were measured from 130 males and females using four foot measurement methods. Two‐way ANOVA was performed to evaluate the sex and method effect on the measured foot dimensions. In addition, the mean absolute difference values and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used for precision and accuracy evaluation. The results were also compared with the ISO 20685 criteria.ResultsThe participant's sex and the measurement method were found (p < 0.05) to exert significant effects on the measured six foot dimensions. The precision of the 3D scanning measurement method with mean absolute difference values between 0.73 to 1.50 mm showed the best performance among the four measurement methods. The 3D scanning measurements showed better measurement accuracy performance than the other methods (mean absolute difference was 0.6 to 4.3 mm), except for measuring outside ball of foot length and foot breadth horizontal. The ICCs for all six foot dimension measurements among the four measurement methods were within the 0.61 to 0.98 range.ConclusionsOverall, the 3D foot scanner is recommended for collecting foot anthropometric data because it has relatively higher precision, accuracy and robustness. This finding suggests that when comparing foot anthropometric data among different references, it is important to consider the differences caused by the different measurement methods.
Safety and possible effects of low-intensity resistance training associated with partial blood flow restriction in polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: Mattar Melina Andrade , Gualano Bruno , Perandini Luiz Augusto , Shinjo Samuel Katsuyuki , Lima Fernanda Rodrigues , Sá-Pinto Ana Lúcia , Roschel Hamilton 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a low-intensity resistance training program combined with partial blow flow restriction (BFR training) in a cohort of patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM).

Methods
In total, 13 patients with PM and DM completed a 12-week twice a week low-intensity (that is, 30% one-repetition-maximum (1RM)) resistance exercise training program combined with partial blood flow restriction (BFR). Assessments of muscle strength, physical function, quadriceps cross sectional (CSA) area, health-related quality of life, and clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed at baseline and after the intervention.

Results
The BFR training program was effective in increasing the maximal dynamic strength in both the leg-press (19.6%, P <0.001) and knee-extension exercises (25.2% P <0.001), as well as in the timed-stands (15.1%, P <0.001) and timed-up-and-go test (-4.5%, P =0.002). Quadriceps CSA was also significantly increased after the intervention (4.57%, P =0.01). Similarly, all of the components of the Short Form-36 Health Survey, the Health Assessment Questionnaire scores, and the patient- and physician reported Visual Analogue Scale were significantly improved after training (P <0.05). Importantly, no clinical evidence or any other self-reported adverse event were found. Laboratory parameters (creatine kinase and aldolase) were also unchanged (P >0.05) after the intervention.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that a 12-week supervised low-intensity resistance training program associated with partial blood flow restriction may be safe and effective in improving muscle strength and function as well as muscle mass and health-related quality of life in patients with PM and DM.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01501019. Registered November 29, 2011.
Ligand-Selective Signal Transduction by Two Endogenous GnRH Isoforms Involves Biased Activation of the Class I PI3K Catalytic Subunits p110β, p110γ, and p110δ in Pituitary Gonadotropes and Somatotropes
Authors: Pemberton Joshua G. , Stafford James L. , Chang John P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In goldfish, 2 endogenous GnRH isoforms, GnRH2 and GnRH3, are released at the pituitary and directly stimulate LH and GH release using the same population of GnRH receptors (GnRHRs) but with GnRH-specific transduction mechanisms. Previously, we have shown that phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) mediate GnRH2- and GnRH3-stimulated LH and GH release. Among the 3 classes of PI3Ks, class I PI3Ks are the best characterized and consist of 4 110-kDa catalytic isoforms (p110α, p110β, p110γ, and p110δ). Importantly, p110β and p110γ, but not p110α or p110δ, can be directly activated by the Gβγ heterodimer of Gαβγ protein complexes. In the present study, we examined the expression of class I PI3K isoforms and the effects of selective inhibitors of p110α, p110β, p110γ, and p110δ catalytic activity on basal, as well as acute, GnRH2- and GnRH3-stimulated LH and GH release responses using primary cultures of dispersed goldfish pituitary cells in column perifusion. Results demonstrate that p110γ and p110δ are involved in the control of basal LH and GH release, whereas p110α and p110β only regulate basal LH secretion. However, p110β and p110γ both participated in GnRH3- and GnRH2-stimulated GH release, whereas p110β and p110γ mediated GnRH2- and GnRH3-induced LH release responses, respectively. GnRH2- and GnRH3-stimulated LH release, as well as GnRH3-elicited GH release, also required p110δ. These results constitute the first evidence for the differential involvement of class I PI3K catalytic subunits in GnRH actions, in general, and suggest that GnRH2 and GnRH3 binding to GnRHRs can bias the activation of class I PI3K signaling to mediate hormone release responses in 2 distinct pituitary cell types. The involvement of both class IA and IB PI3Ks implicates Gβγ subunits, as well as other known regulators of class I PI3Ks, as important components of GnRHR-mediated responses that could influence GnRH-selective signaling in other cell types.
A Facile Approach to Prepare Bismuth Oxide Nanorods for Application in Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Lv Xiaowei , Li Zijiong , Zhang Jiejie , Yang Baocheng 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Phase-pure bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanorods with an average diameter of 75 nm were fabricated through a facile hydrothermal method for the first time. The UV–vis spectra suggest that the band gap of Bi2O3 nanorods is of a 0.03 eV red shift than the bulky Bi2O3. PL spectra demonstrate that the Bi2O3 nanorods show strong room temperature luminescence at 440 nm. Under UV-pulsed illumination, the photocurrent density of the Bi2O3 nanorod photoanode increases obviously with the applied potential, indicating potential applications in optoelectronic devices.