bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilocus phylogenetic and geospatial analyses illuminate diversification patterns and the biogeographic history of Malagasy endemic plated lizards (Gerrhosauridae: Zonosaurinae)
Authors: Blair C. , Noonan B. P. , Brown J. L. , Raselimanana A. P. , Vences M. , Yoder A. D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have attempted to find single unifying mechanisms for generating Madagascar's unique flora and fauna, little consensus has been reached regarding the relative importance of climatic, geologic and ecological processes as catalysts of diversification of the region's unique biota. Rather, recent work has shown that both biological and physical drivers of diversification are best analysed in a case‐by‐case setting with attention focused on the ecological and life‐history requirements of the specific phylogenetic lineage under investigation. Here, we utilize a comprehensive analytical approach to examine evolutionary drivers and elucidate the biogeographic history of Malagasy plated lizards (Zonosaurinae). Data from three genes are combined with fossil information to construct time‐calibrated species trees for zonosaurines and their African relatives, which are used to test alternative diversification hypotheses. Methods are utilized for explicitly incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty into downstream analyses. Species distribution models are created for 14 of 19 currently recognized species, which are then used to estimate spatial patterns of species richness and endemicity. Spatially explicit analyses are employed to correlate patterns of diversity with both topographic heterogeneity and climatic stability through geologic time. We then use inferred geographic ranges to estimate the biogeographic history of zonosaurines within each of Madagascar's major biomes. Results suggest constant Neogene and Quaternary speciation with divergence from the African most recent common ancestor ~30 million years ago when oceanic currents and African rivers facilitated dispersal. Spatial patterns of diversity appear concentrated along coastal regions of northern and southern Madagascar. We find no relationship between either topographic heterogeneity or climatic stability and patterns of diversity. Ancestral state reconstructions suggest that western dry forests were important centres of origin with recent invasion into spiny and rain forest. These data highlight the power of combining multilocus phylogenetic and spatially explicit analyses for testing alternative diversification hypotheses within Madagascar's unique biota and more generally, particularly as applied to phylogenetically and biologically constrained systems.
Rheological Properties of a Commercial Food Glaze Material and Their Effect on the Film Thickness Obtained by Dip Coating
Authors: Meza Bárbara E. , Peralta Juan Manuel , Zorrilla Susana E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGlazing refers to the application of a coating material onto the surface of foods to enhance their shine and appearance. The objectives of this work were to analyze the rheological properties of a commercial food glaze material and to study their effect on the film thickness obtained by dip coating. Glazing suspension (83.33% total solids content) was obtained using a commercial powder product. Apparent viscosity was determined (shear rate 0.6–50/s) and yield stress was estimated with a creep test (0.5–10 Pa for 5 s). Experimental data were analyzed by applying the generalized Herschel–Bulkley model. A comparison between average thickness values obtained by dip coating and using a phenomenological mathematical model was carried out. All determinations were carried out at 20, 30, 40 and 50C. Rheological parameters were obtained with satisfactory root mean square errors. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical film thickness as affected by temperature was obtained.Practical ApplicationsGlazing refers to the application of a coating glaze material onto the surface of foods to enhance their shine and appearance, contributing to extend the shelf life of foods (like in bakery and confectionery products). In the present paper, the rheological properties of a commercial food glaze material were analyzed and their effect on the film thickness obtained by dip coating was evaluated. This study provides new experimental data to validate the mathematical modeling of the dip‐coating process developed in our research group. The general approach proposed to face the food glazing process will be of great significance for industry mainly to improve the control of film thickness of glazes.
Downregulation of ARNT2 promotes tumor growth and predicts poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Weiwei , Liang Ying , Yang Biwei , Sun Huichuan , Wu Weizhong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and AimAryl‐hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) is a transcriptional regulator and member of the basic helix‐loop‐helix/Per‐ARNT‐SIM (bHLH/PAS) superfamily. Recently, evidence of that ARNT is involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression has emerged. The aim of current study was to investigate the role of ARNT2, a homolog of ARNT, in tumor growth, invasion, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsTissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the expression of ARNT2 in 195 HCC tissues. Factors associated with ARNT2 levels were assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed by using ARNT2 silencing and overexpressing HCCLM6 cell line. Orthotopic xenograft HCC model was used to elucidate the effects of ARNT2 on HCC progression in vivo.ResultsHigh intratumoral of ARNT2 level was well correlated with longer overall survival (OS) and lower tumor to recurrence (TTR) of HCC patients after resection. Multivariate analysis revealed that intratumoral ARNT2 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and TTR. Knockdown of ARNT2 in HCCLM6 cells was significantly enhanced while overexpression of ARNT2 significantly inhibited the ability of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In animal studies, downregulation of ARNT2 in HCCLM6 cells promoted, whereas upregulation of ARNT2 in HCCLM6 cells reduced HCCLM6 growth in vivo.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that ARNT2 plays an inhibitory role in HCC progression and suggest that ARNT2 may be a potential prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for HCC.
Clinical significance of the glucose breath test in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lee Ji Min , Lee Kang‐Moon , Chung Yoon Yung , Lee Yang Woon , Kim Dae Bum , Sung Hea Jung , Chung Woo Chul , Paik Chang‐Nyol 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and AimSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth which has recently been diagnosed with the glucose breath test is characterized by excessive colonic bacteria in the small bowel, and results in gastrointestinal symptoms that mimic symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to estimate the positivity of the glucose breath test and investigate its clinical role in inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsPatients aged > 18 years with inflammatory bowel disease were enrolled. All patients completed symptom questionnaires. Fecal calprotectin level was measured to evaluate the disease activity. Thirty historical healthy controls were used to determine normal glucose breath test values.ResultsA total of 107 patients, 64 with ulcerative colitis and 43 with Crohn's disease, were included. Twenty‐two patients (20.6%) were positive for the glucose breath test (30.2%, Crohn's disease; 14.1%, ulcerative colitis). Positive rate of the glucose breath test was significantly higher in patients with Crohn's disease than in healthy controls (30.2% vs 6.7%, P = 0.014). Bloating, flatus, and satiety were higher in glucose breath test‐positive patients than glucose breath test‐negative patients (P = 0.021, 0.014, and 0.049, respectively). The positivity was not correlated with the fecal calprotectin level.ConclusionsThe positive rate of the glucose breath test was higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn's disease than in healthy controls; gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with inflammatory bowel disease were correlated with this positivity. Glucose breath test can be used to manage intestinal symptoms of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Australian clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus and early esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Whiteman David C , Appleyard Mark , Bahin Farzan F , Bobryshev Yuri V , Bourke Michael J , Brown Ian , Chung Adrian , Clouston Andrew , Dickins Emma , Emery Jon , Eslick Guy D , Gordon Louisa G , Grimpen Florian , Hebbard Geoff , Holliday Laura , Hourigan Luke F , Kendall Bradley J , Lee Eric YT , Levert‐Mignon Angelique , Lord Reginald V , Lord Sarah J , Maule Derek , Moss Alan , Norton Ian , Olver Ian , Pavey Darren , Raftopoulos Spiro , Rajendra Shan , Schoeman Mark , Singh Rajvinder , Sitas Freddy , Smithers B Mark , Taylor Andrew C , Thomas Melissa L , Thomson Iain , To Henry , von Dincklage Jutta , Vuletich Christine , Watson David I , Yusoff Ian F 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBarrett's esophagus (BE), a common condition, is the only known precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). There is uncertainty about the best way to manage BE as most people with BE never develop EAC and most patients diagnosed with EAC have no preceding diagnosis of BE. Moreover, there have been recent advances in knowledge and practice about the management of BE and early EAC. To aid clinical decision making in this rapidly moving field, Cancer Council Australia convened an expert working party to identify pertinent clinical questions. The questions covered a wide range of topics including endoscopic and histological definitions of BE and early EAC; prevalence, incidence, natural history, and risk factors for BE; and methods for managing BE and early EAC. The latter considered modification of lifestyle factors; screening and surveillance strategies; and medical, endoscopic, and surgical interventions. To answer each question, the working party systematically reviewed the literature and developed a set of recommendations through consensus. Evidence underpinning each recommendation was rated according to quality and applicability.
Evidence for an Altered Sex Ratio in Clinic-Referred Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria
Authors: Aitken Madison , Steensma Thomas D. , Blanchard Ray , VanderLaan Doug P. , Wood Hayley , Fuentes Amanda , Spegg Cathy , Wasserman Lori , Ames Megan , Fitzsimmons C. Lindsay , Leef Jonathan H. , Lishak Victoria , Reim Elyse , Takagi Anna , Vinik Julia , Wreford Julia , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T. , de Vries Annelou L.C. , Kreukels Baudewijntje P.C. , Zucker Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The number of adolescents referred to specialized gender identity clinics for gender dysphoria appears to be increasing and there also appears to be a corresponding shift in the sex ratio, from one favoring natal males to one favoring natal females.

Aim
We conducted two quantitative studies to ascertain whether there has been a recent inversion of the sex ratio of adolescents referred for gender dysphoria.

Methods
The sex ratio of adolescents from two specialized gender identity clinics was examined as a function of two cohort periods (2006–2013 vs. prior years). Study 1 was conducted on patients from a clinic in Toronto, and Study 2 was conducted on patients from a clinic in Amsterdam.

Results
Across both clinics, the total sample size was 748. In both clinics, there was a significant change in the sex ratio of referred adolescents between the two cohort periods: between 2006 and 2013, the sex ratio favored natal females, but in the prior years, the sex ratio favored natal males. In Study 1 from Toronto, there was no corresponding change in the sex ratio of 6,592 adolescents referred for other clinical problems.

Conclusions
Sociological and sociocultural explanations are offered to account for this recent inversion in the sex ratio of adolescents with gender dysphoria.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism effectively identifies exon 1 mutation of UGT1A1 gene in patients with Gilbert's Syndrome
Authors: Shiu Tzu‐Yue , Huang Hsin‐Hung , Lin Hsuan‐Hwai , Shih Yu‐Lueng , Chu Heng‐Cheng , Chang Wei‐Kuo , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsGilbert's syndrome causes pharmacological variation in drug glucuronidation and unexpected toxicity from therapeutic agents. The two common genotypes of Gilbert's syndrome are a dinucleotide polymorphism (TA)7 in TATA‐Box as well as the 211G>A mutation in the coding exon 1, particularly in Asians, of human UGT1A1 gene. In this study, we aimed to establish an effective method to detect the 211G>A mutation.MethodsThe coding exon 1 sequence of human UGT1A1 gene was analysed by Vector NTI software. The 211G>A mutation in the coding exon 1 of UGT1A1 gene was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Serum total bilirubin level was measured as well.ResultsA newly identified BsmBI site was located in the coding exon 1 of UGT1A1 gene. The 211G>A mutation in the coding exon 1 of UGT1A1 gene was determined by DNA RFLP. Furthermore, we reported our present work on genetic analysis of mutations of UGT1A1 gene, and the correlation of UGT1A1 mutations with serum total bilirubin levels in Taiwanese population. The results showed that 15 subjects carried 211G>A mutation in 23 subjects related with Gilbert's syndrome. The homozygous 211G>A mutant as well as simultaneously heterozygous mutants both in TATA‐Box and 211G>A significantly increased the risk of Gilbert's syndrome similar to subjects carrying homozygous TATA‐Box mutant.ConclusionsBsmBI RFLP is an effective method to detect 211G>A mutation in the coding exon 1 of UGT1A1 gene. The common 211G>A mutation is one of the causes of Gilbert's syndrome in Taiwanese population.
Evolution of the mating system in colonizing plants
Authors: Pannell John R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractColonization is likely to be more successful for species with an ability to self‐fertilize and thus to establish new populations as single individuals. As a result, self‐compatibility should be common among colonizing species. This idea, labelled ‘Baker's law’, has been influential in discussions of sexual‐system and mating‐system evolution. However, its generality has been questioned, because models of the evolution of dispersal and the mating system predict an association between high dispersal rates and outcrossing rather than selfing, and because of many apparent counter examples to the law. The contrasting predictions made by models invoking Baker's law versus those for the evolution of the mating system and dispersal urges a reassessment of how we should view both these traits. Here, I review the literature on the evolution of mating and dispersal in colonizing species, with a focus on conceptual issues. I argue for the importance of distinguishing between the selfing or outcrossing rate and a simple ability to self‐fertilize, as well as for the need for a more nuanced consideration of dispersal. Colonizing species will be characterized by different phases in their life pattern: dispersal to new habitat, implying an ecological sieve on dispersal traits; establishment and a phase of growth following colonization, implying a sieve on reproductive traits; and a phase of demographic stasis at high density, during which new trait associations can evolve through local adaptation. This dynamic means that the sorting of mating‐system and dispersal traits should change over time, making simple predictions difficult.
Dialysis outcomes in India: A pilot study
Authors: Jha Vivekanand , John Oommen , Joshi Rohina , Kotwal Sradha , Essue Beverley , Jan Stephen , Gallagher Martin , Knight John 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimLong‐term prospective studies of health outcomes for dialysis patients are common in many parts of the world but have been rare in India. As renal replacement therapy becomes more widespread and more affordable, the measurement of patient outcomes and comparison with national and international benchmarks will be a valuable tool in planning health services and demonstrating effective use of resources. To this end, we describe a pilot study of dialysis outcomes in India which could form the basis of a comprehensive national programme of data collection.MethodsOne hundred incident patients commencing chronic haemodialysis in two north Indian nephrology centres will be followed prospectively for 12 months. Clinical outcome data will be collected comparable with that used by established dialysis registries in other countries. The economic impact of dialysis upon patients is central to the use of this treatment, so data will be collected on the direct and indirect costs of the treatment and the economic impact of dialysis on the patient and their family.Value of ProjectThis prospective cohort study of dialysis outcomes in northern India is a pilot for the collection of similar comparative data in dialysis centres in different states across the country with a view to the development of a national dialysis registry. The information on the economic impact of dialysis on patients and their families will provide one of the first detailed insights into this critical aspect of dialysis services.
MANAGING INSTITUTIONAL COMPLEXITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR REFORM: HYBRIDIZATION IN FRONT‐LINE SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: FOSSESTØL KNUT , BREIT ERIC , ANDREASSEN TONE ALM , KLEMSDAL LARS 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we explore how public front‐line service organizations respond to contradictory demands for institutional reform and the types of hybridization this entails. Our research context is a major administrative welfare reform in Norway characterized by a dominant New Public Management (NPM) logic of uniform user service and central administrative control, and a subordinate post‐NPM logic of holistic user service and local organizational autonomy. We elucidate four types of responses by the front‐line organizations as they have incorporated these contradictory demands: ‘non‐hybridity’ (ignoring post‐NPM demands), ‘ad hoc hybridity’ (indecisive adherence to both demands), ‘negative hybridity’ (separation of the demands), and ‘positive hybridity’ (integration of both demands). On the basis of these findings, we argue that hybridization and agency are possible in fields of public reform characterized by a highly institutionalized NPM logic and explore the key organizational characteristics that facilitate hybridization in such fields.
Retracted: Effect of Post‐Thaw Storage Time on Motility and Fertility of Cryopreserved Beluga Sturgeon (Huso huso) Sperm
Authors: Aramli MS , Nazari RM , Gharibi MR 
Published: January 2015

ContentsThe aim of this study was to test the influence of post‐thaw storage time on the duration of sperm motility, percentage of motile sperm, and fertilization and hatching rates of fresh sperm and sperm stored for 0, 30 and 60 min at 4°C post‐thawing. After being frozen in liquid nitrogen and then thawed, the percentage of motile sperm and duration of motility were not affected by 30 min of storage at 4°C, whereas a significant decline in these parameters was observed after 60 min of storage. Similarly, fertilization and hatching rates were significantly affected within 60 min of storage at 4°C, and the fertility of frozen‐thawed sperm was significantly lower than that of fresh sperm. We conclude that cryopreserved sperm of beluga sturgeon could be stored for 30 min without the loss of sperm quality. This described procedure for beluga sturgeon cryopreservation is reliable and efficient and therefore can be recommended for hatchery practice after scaling up this technique.
Sorting of a sand–gravel mixture in a Gilbert‐type delta
Authors: Ferrer‐Boix Carles , Martín‐Vide Juan P. , Parker Gary 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a Gilbert‐type delta progradation experiment within an impoundment created by a dam. The delta was composed of a poorly sorted sand–gravel mixture in a bedload‐dominated environment. The main goal of the paper is to analyse the sorting process of material within the deposit as the delta progrades towards the dam. Bed profile evolution has been documented and the entire delta has been extensively sampled in order to study sorting processes. Longitudinal and vertical sorting mechanisms are illustrated. What is novel in this investigation is the complete record, within an entire deltaic deposit, of the vertical distribution of streamwise sorting in the absence of suspended load. The data presented herein provide a detailed description of sorting processes in a Gilbert‐type delta. The experimental set‐up, the water flow and the sediment feed rate chosen determine the evolution of the delta: it initially progrades with little topset aggradation and degrades afterwards. Experimental results fit well with a previously presented empirical sorting model, despite the fact that the experimental conditions used here were well outside the range of those used to derive that model. The relative coarsening of the upper layers of the delta is found to be related to the slow speed at which the delta progrades, the formation of a mobile armour layer and the erosion of the topset towards the end of the run. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the coarsening of the bottom layer of the delta and its front height has been documented and explained: as the delta gets higher, as there is more space to sort sediment, it is more likely that coarse particles failing near the top of the foreset reach the bottom of the foreset. These findings provide new and useful data documenting sediment sorting in granular, bedload‐dominated deltas.
Social and Economic Aspects of the Transmission of Pathogenic Bacteria between Wildlife and Food Animals: A Thematic Analysis of Published Research Knowledge
Authors: Fournier A. , Young I. , Rajić A. , Greig J. , LeJeune J. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWildlife is a known reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, including Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella spp. Transmission of these pathogens between wildlife and food animals can lead to damaging impacts on the agri‐food industry and public health. Several international case studies have highlighted the complex and cross‐sectoral challenges involved in preventing and managing these potential transmission risks. The objective of our study was to develop a better understanding of the socio‐economic aspects of the transmission of pathogenic bacteria between wildlife and food animals to support more effective and sustainable risk mitigation strategies. We conducted qualitative thematic analysis on a purposive sample of 30/141 articles identified in a complementary scoping review of the literature in this area and identified two key themes. The first related to the framing of this issue as a ‘wicked problem’ that depends on a complex interaction of social factors and risk perceptions, governance and public policy, and economic implications. The second theme consisted of promising approaches and strategies to prevent and mitigate the potential risks from transmission of pathogenic bacteria between wildlife and food animals. These included participatory, collaborative and multidisciplinary decision‐making approaches and the proactive incorporation of credible scientific evidence and local contextual factors into solutions. The integration of these approaches to address ‘wicked problems’ in this field may assist stakeholders and decision‐makers in improving the acceptability and sustainability of future strategies to reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria between wildlife and food animals.