bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO Locality and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Chang Dianna , Chang Xin , Yan Weichen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe explore the geography of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by examining the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) locality (i.e. whether CEOs work near their hometowns) and CSR performance. The CSR score of firms with local CEOs exceeds that of firms without local CEOs by an amount equivalent to 11.1% of the sample mean CSR score. Further, the effect of CEO locality on CSR is more evident for firms headquartered in regions with high social capital, exhibiting a long‐term orientation, practising good corporate governance, or led by CEOs with early‐life disaster experiences or political connections. Additional analysis reveals that local CEOs emphasize CSR initiatives that boost local stakeholder welfare, strengthening the positive connection between CSR and firm performance. Our findings imply that CEO locality enhances CSR because local CEOs’ familiarity with and strong ties to their hometown regions align with CSR's emphasis on local engagement.
Trends in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder research: A bibliometric review of original articles published between 2000 and 2023
Authors: McQuire Cheryl , Frennesson Nessie Felicia , Parsonage James , Van der Heiden Molly , Troy David , Zuccolo Luisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability globally. International organizations have highlighted an urgent need for improved prevention, diagnosis, and support. However, the evidence base needed to inform this is thought to be limited. We conducted two complementary reviews to (i) describe trends in the volume and characteristics of original FASD research articles (Review 1) and (ii) compare the volume of published research on FASD to that of other neurodevelopmental disorders (Review 2). In Review 1, we systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycInfo for original studies with FASD terms in the title, published between 2000 and 2023. We summarised study characteristics including the article topic(s), sample population, country of origin, and publication year using quantitative content analysis and time‐series plots. A total of 854 studies were eligible. Studies showed a relative focus on diagnosis and screening, compared to prevention and intervention. FASD research originated from 31 countries, however most countries (68%) had fewer than 10 articles published over the 23‐year review period. In Review 2, we searched PubMed for records published between 2000 and 2023 with FASD, autism, or attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) terms in the title. We compared the volume of records for these conditions using descriptive statistics and time‐series plots. Of the 64,069 records retrieved, 2% were for FASD, compared to 60% for autism and 38% for ADHD. FASD remains considerably under‐researched. While there has been an increase in the number of original FASD research articles published annually over time, this is much lower than expected compared to publication trends for other neurodevelopmental conditions, and the wider scientific literature. Further research is needed to understand the impact of FASD across the lifespan, to inform evidence‐based policy and support, and to advance progress in strength‐based, stigma‐reducing approaches to FASD research and practice.
How exome sequencing improves the diagnostics and management of men with non‐syndromic infertility
Authors: Stallmeyer Birgit , Dicke Ann‐Kristin , Tüttelmann Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMale infertility affects approximately 17% of all men and represents a complex disorder in which not only semen parameters such as sperm motility, morphology, and number of sperm are highly variable, but also testicular phenotypes range from normal spermatogenesis to complete absence of germ cells. Genetic factors significantly contribute to the disease but chromosomal aberrations, mostly Klinefelter syndrome, and microdeletions of the Y‐chromosome have remained the only diagnostically and clinically considered genetic causes. Monogenic causes remain understudied and, thus, often unidentified, leaving the majority of the male factor couple infertility pathomechanistically unexplained. This has been changing mostly because of the introduction of exome sequencing that allows the analysis of multiple genes in large patient cohorts. As a result, pathogenic variants in single genes have been associated with non‐syndromic forms of all aetiologic sub‐categories in the last decade.This review highlights the contribution of exome sequencing to the identification of novel disease genes for isolated (non‐syndromic) male infertility by presenting the results of a comprehensive literature search. Both, reduced sperm count in azoospermic and oligozoospermic patients, and impaired sperm motility and/or morphology, in asthenozoospermic and/or teratozoospermic patients are highly heterogeneous diseases with well over 100 different candidate genes described for each entity. Applying the standardized evaluation criteria of the ClinGen gene curation working group, 70 genes with at least moderate evidence to contribute to the disease are highlighted. The implementation of these valid disease genes in clinical exome sequencing is important to increase the diagnostic yield in male infertility and, thus, improve clinical decision‐making and appropriate genetic counseling.Future advances in androgenetics will continue to depend on large‐scale exome and genome sequencing studies of comprehensive international patient cohorts, which are the most promising approaches to identify additional disease genes and provide reliable data on the gene–disease relationship.
Engineered nanoparticles potentials in male reproduction
Authors: Zhao Feifei , Fan Mengyu , Jing Zhiyang , Zhang Yanxu , Wang Yanlin , Zhou Congli , Liu Yang , Aitken Robert John , Xia Xue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe escalating prevalence of fertility problems in the aging population necessitates a comprehensive exploration of contributing factors, extending beyond environmental concerns, work‐related stress, and unhealthy lifestyles. Among these, the rising incidence of testicular disorders emerges as a pivotal determinant of fertility issues. Current treatment challenges are underscored by the limitations of high‐dose and frequent drug administration, coupled with substantial side effects and irreversible trauma inflicted by surgical interventions on testicular tissue.Material and methodsThe formidable barrier posed by the blood–testis barrier compounds the complexities of treating testicular diseases, presenting a significant therapeutic obstacle. The advent of nanocarriers, with their distinctive attributes, holds promise in overcoming this impediment. These nanocarriers exhibit exceptional biocompatibility, and membrane penetration capabilities, and can strategically target the blood–testis barrier through surface ligand modification, thereby augmenting drug bioavailability and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.Results and discussionThis review concentrates on the transformative potential of nanocarriers in the delivery of therapeutic agents to testicular tissue. By summarizing key applications, we illuminate the strides made in utilizing nanocarriers as a novel avenue to effectively treat testicular diseases.ConclusionsNanocarriers are critical in delivering therapeutic agents to testicular tissue.
Phenotypic continuum and poor intracytoplasmic sperm injection intracytoplasmic sperm injection prognosis in patients harboring HENMT1 variants
Authors: Wehbe Zeina , Barbotin Anne‐Laure , Boursier Angèle , Cazin Caroline , Hograindleur Jean‐Pascal , Bidart Marie , Fontaine Emeline , Plouvier Pauline , Puch Florence , Satre Véronique , Arnoult Christophe , Mustapha Selima Fourati Ben , Zouari Raoudha , Thierry‑Mieg Nicolas , Ray Pierre F. , Kherraf Zine‑Eddine , Coutton Charles , Martinez Guillaume 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSmall RNAs interacting with PIWI (piRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating transposable elements and translation during spermatogenesis and are essential in male germ cell development. Disruptions in the piRNA pathway typically lead to severe spermatogenic defects and thus male infertility. The HENMT1 gene is a key player in piRNAs primary biogenesis and dysfunction of HENMT1 protein in meiotic and haploid germ cells resulted in the loss of piRNA methylation, piRNA instability, and TE de‐repression. Henmt1‐knockout mice exhibit a severe oligo‐astheno‐teratozoospermia (OAT) phenotype, whereas patients with HENMT1 variants display more severe azoospermia phenotypes, ranging from meiotic arrest to hypospermatogenesis. Through whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of infertile patient cohorts, we identified two new patients with variants in the HENMT1 gene presenting spermatozoa in their ejcaulate, providing us the opportunity to study spermatozoa from these patients.ObjectivesInvestigate the spermatozoa of two patients harboring an HENMT1 variant to determine whether or not these scarce spermatozoa could be used with assisted reproductive technologies.Materials and methodsHENMT1 variants identified by WES were validated through Sanger sequencing. Comprehensive semen analysis was conducted, and sperm cells were subjected to transmission electron microscopy for structural examination, in situ hybridization for aneuploidy assessment, and aniline blue staining for DNA compaction status. Subsequently, we assessed their suitability for in vitro fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF‐ICSI).ResultsOur investigations revealed a severe OAT phenotype similar to knockout mice, revealing altered sperm concentration, mobility, morphology, aneuploidy and nuclear compaction defects. Multiple IVF‐ICSI attempts were also performed, but no live births were achieved.DiscussionWe confirm the crucial role of HENMT1 in spermatogenesis and highlight a phenotypic continuum associated with HENMT1 variants. Unfortunately, the clinical outcome of these genetic predispositions remains unfavorable, regardless of the patient's phenotype.ConclusionThe presence of spermatozoa is insufficient to anticipate ICSI pregnancy success in HENMT1 patients.
First successful implant of BiVACOR's Total Artificial Heart
Authors: Shah Aakash M. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBiVACOR's Total Artificial Heart has been successfully implanted in a patient at Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center in the Texas Medical Center. The patient survived with the device for 8 days before receiving a heart transplant. This success stemmed from collaboration between BiVACOR Inc. and a team of cardiac surgeons at the Texas Heart Institute, including William E. Cohn, M.D., and Oscar H. Frazier, MD.
The effects of drone transportation on blood component quality: A prospective randomised controlled laboratory study
Authors: Wiltshire Michael , Boxshall Jonathan , Milne James , Oleniacz Katarzyna , Theobald Katherine , Phillips Benedict 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe use of uncrewed aerial vehicles (drones) has increased over the last decade. However, their application in healthcare has not been fully examined, in part, due to regulations preventing flight beyond the visual line of sight. This prospective randomised controlled laboratory study aimed to determine whether the in vitro quality of packed red blood cell components is maintained when transported by drone, beyond visual line of sight. Ten identical pairs of packed red blood cell units were randomly allocated to transport by drone or by ground vehicle (1:1, allocation concealment) 68 km between two hospitals in Northumbria, UK. Markers of blood component quality were compared at 8, 14, 28 and 35 days following blood unit manufacture. There was no statistical difference in haemolysis, potassium concentration, total haemoglobin, glucose and lactate, haematocrit and mean cell volume, between the two groups, up to the date of unit expiry. The temperature of the packed red blood cell units did not deviate outside the recommended 2–10°C for transportation, regardless of the allocated group. Blood component transport was faster by drone, but did not reach statistical significance. This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of flying blood components by drone between hospitals in the United Kingdom.
Establishment of a new vault prediction formula after implantable collamer lens implantation based on factor analysis of multi‐modal ophthalmic parameters of anterior and posterior chamber
Authors: Xu Yijia , Liu Fang , Ye Yuhao , Zhang Zhe , Niu Lingling , Yao Peijun , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Xingtao , Zhao Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo establish a novel vault prediction formula after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation that considers both anterior and posterior chamber characteristics with multi‐modal parameters.MethodsA total of 103 and 65 eyes were included in the development and validation groups, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using data from optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy in the development group to synthesise summative factors with different clinical significance. Dominant original metrics with heavy loadings on significant factors (absolute value of the loading coefficient >0.5) were screened for multivariate linear regression models using a stepwise method. The newly derived formula was evaluated and compared to the NK and KS formulas in the validation group.ResultsSix factors (anterior chamber angle, horizontal width, lens, iris, iridociliary complex and ciliary body) were generated after dimension reduction via factor analysis. Factors 2 (horizontal width), 3 (lens), and 5 (iridociliary complex) had a significant influence on the vault. When dominant metrics on these factors were screened for further model building, ICL size, anterior chamber width, crystalline lens rise, iris curvature, and iris‐ciliary process distance were retained in the final formula, with an adjusted R2 of 0.698, a median absolute error of 81.97 mm, and a root‐mean‐square error of 103.35 mm.ConclusionsMultiple intraocular components, including the lens, iris, and ciliary body, play important roles in vault determination. The new formula exhibits good accuracy for vault predictions and ICL size recommendations.
Utility of Quadratus Lumborum Blocks in Patients Who Undergo Liver Transplant: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study
Authors: McCoy Nicole C. , Sirianni Joel M. , Abro Joseph , Massman Kaylee , Wolf Bethany J. , Stoll William D. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRegional anesthesia is an alternative to opioids for pain in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Quadratus lumborum blocks may provide appropriate dermatomal coverage with an excellent safety profile.MethodsData were collected retrospectively on adult patients who underwent liver transplant at an academic medical center from 2019 to 2022 (n = 207). The primary outcome was opioid administration during the 48 h after transplant.ResultsPatient demographics did not differ between groups. No association was found between patients who received a block and postoperative opioid administration (p = 0.848). However, among patients extubated in the operating room, patients who received a block reported, on average, a 0.9‐unit lower pain score than patients who received no block (p = 0.041). Patients who received a block were also more likely to be extubated in the operating room (87.8% block vs. 44.4% no block; p < 0.001).ConclusionPatients who underwent liver transplantation had similar postoperative opioid use whether or not they received a quadratus lumborum block. Yet, when evaluating additional factors, such as extubation, pain scores were lower in patients who received a quadratus lumborum block. This important finding supports the idea that quadratus lumborum blocks may be a safe and valuable technique for controlling postoperative pain in adult patients who undergo liver transplantation.
Validation of clinically related aging models based on enamel wear
Authors: Hajhamid Beshr , Bozec Laurent , Moghadam Hassan , Tenenbaum Howard , De Souza Grace M. , Somogyi‐Ganss Eszter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposePhysiological and erosive wear reported in clinical studies were reviewed, and in vitro aging models were developed to simulate and compare the effect of aging on human teeth with the review data obtained from clinical studies.MethodsA review of clinical studies and randomized clinical trials that quantify enamel wear was performed in the PubMed database. The first in vitro analysis evaluated the effect of mechanical chewing simulation only. Enamel specimens were aged in the chewing simulator (up to 1.2 million cycles) with two occlusal loads (30 and 50 N). In the second in vitro analysis, specimens were aged in two aging models. The first model (MT) simulated mechanical and thermal oral challenges: MT1‐ 240,000 chewing and 10,000 thermal cycles, MT2‐ 480,000 chewing and 20,000 thermal cycles, MT3‐ 1.2 million chewing and 50,000 thermal cycles. The second model (MTA) simulated mechanical, thermal, and acidic oral challenges as follows: MTA1‐ 240,000 chewing, 10,000 thermal and 3‐h acidic cycles; MTA2: 480,000 chewing, 20,000 thermal and 6‐h acidic cycles, MTA3‐ 1.2 million chewing, 50,000 thermal and 15‐h acidic cycles.ResultsThe review included 13 clinical studies evaluating tooth wear (eight physiological and five erosive). The results estimated the annual average physiological wear as 38.4 µm (9.37‐51). In comparison, the MT1 showed wear of 60 (24) µm. Also, the average annual erosive wear in the literature was 179.5 µm (70‐265) compared to MTA1‐induced wear of 209 (14) µm.ConclusionThere was wide variation in tooth wear reported in clinical studies, suggesting a critical need for more accurate studies, possibly based on scanning technologies. Despite this, the data reported using the novel aging models are within a range to be considered consistent with and to simulate tooth wear measured in vivo.
Non‐traditional mental health clinical placements: An effective means for reducing self‐stigma in pre‐registration nursing students
Authors: Patterson Christopher , Roberts Michelle , Yousiph Taylor , Robson Georgia , Lewer Kelly , Jay Elissa‐Kate , Moxham Lorna 
Published: August 2024

Accessible SummaryWhat Is Known on the Subject

Pre‐registration nursing students report high rates of stigma, leading to low help‐seeking attitudes when seeking help for mental health issues.

Traditional mental health clinical placements can improve stigma related to attitudes and social distance for pre‐registration nursing students.

What the Paper Adds to Existing Knowledge

There are nil recorded clinical placement interventions that have decreased self‐stigma for pre‐registration nursing students, with this study highlighting a clinical placement model that is effective in significantly decreasing self‐stigma.

Implications for Practice

The knowledge around the mental health struggles experienced by pre‐registration nursing students, and the effect of a non‐traditional mental health placement in decreasing self‐stigmatizing attitudes in this population, is important for the future of retaining mental health nurses.

There is an opportunity to use the clinical placement model presented, and design interventions for nursing students that aims to promote help‐seeking behaviours.

AbstractIntroductionTraditional mental health clinical placements can improve pre‐registration nurse stigma toward mental illness, particularly in measures of attitudes and social distance. However, they have not yet been shown to improve self‐stigma, which affects mental health disclosure and help‐seeking behaviour.AimThe present study investigates nursing students' stigma following a non‐traditional mental health placement immersed alongside people living with mental illness.MethodsThree stigma subtypes were measured using the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers: Attitudes, Social Distance, and Disclosure/Help‐seeking.ResultsPre‐registration nurses (N = 848) completed the instrument pre‐ and post‐placement. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identified a large effect of placement on stigma (p < .001, = .101). Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed all three types of stigma decreased after the non‐traditional placement (Attitudes: p < .001, = 0.09, Social Distance: p < .001, = 0.07, Disclosure/Help‐seeking: p < .001, = 0.04).DiscussionThese findings emphasize that attending a non‐traditional mental health clinical placement can effectively reduce multiple types of nursing student stigma.LimitationsFurther research in this area could focus on which attributes of the clinical placement setting foster positive help‐seeking.ImplicationsThese results are noteworthy for stigma surrounding disclosure/help‐seeking, as traditional (i.e. hospital‐based) mental‐health clinical placements have been found ineffective in reducing nursing student stigma in this domain.RecommendationsFurther research into the effectiveness of non‐traditional clinical placements in reducing nursing students' stigma regarding mental health disclosure and help‐seeking, is required.
Antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan versus sodium hypochlorite: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cakici Fatih , Cakici Elif Bahar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis meta‐analysis aimed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of chitosan/chitosan nanoparticles (Ch/Ch‐NPs) versus sodium hypochlorite/chlorhexidine (NaOCl/CHX).Materials and MethodsA search was performed in four electronic databases until December 08, 2023. Studies with missing, unclear, and insufficient data sets were excluded. The included studies were assessed by two independent reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi‐Experimental Studies. The meta‐analysis of standardized mean difference was performed using a random effects model. Additionally, funnel plots as well as Egger's regression intercept test were used to evaluate potential publication bias.ResultsA total of 426 samples were used in nine included studies. There was no difference in antibacterial efficacy between Ch/Ch‐NPs‐NaOCl (SMD: 0.005; 95% CI: −0.844–0.854; p = 0.990). However, the antibacterial efficacy of NaOCl was statistically more effective than Ch/Ch‐NPs (SMD: 0.807; 95% CI: 0.015–1.599; p = 0.046) using the bacterial culture method, and Ch/Ch‐NPs was statistically higher than NaOCl (SMD: −1.827; 95% CI: −2.720, −0.934; p < 0.000) using confocal laser scanning microscopy.ConclusionsCh/Ch‐NPs may be an alternative to NaOCl against Enterococcus faecalis. The methods used in the in vitro studies evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of irrigation solutions against E. faecalis may have had an impact on the results.