bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of oral soft tissues in swallowing function: what can tongue pressure tell us?
Authors: Kieser JA , Farland MG , Jack H , Farella M , Wang Y , Rohrle O 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTongue pressure data taken from healthy subjects during normal oral activities such as mastication, speech and swallowing are providing us with new ways of understanding the role of the tongue in craniofacial growth and function. It has long been recognized that the sequential contact between the tongue and the palate plays a crucial role in the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing. However, because the focus of most research on intraoral pressure has been on the generation of positive pressure by the tongue on the hard palate and teeth, generation and coordination of absolute intraoral pressures and regional pressure gradients has remained unexplored.Ongoing research in our laboratory has uncovered highly variable individual pressure patterns during swallowing, which can nonetheless be divided into four stages: preparatory, primary propulsive, intermediate and terminal. These stages may further be sub‐classified according to pressure patterns generated at the individual level as tipper or dipper patterns in the preparatory stage, roller or slapper in the primary propulsive and monophasic or biphasic during the intermediate stage. Interestingly, while an increase in bolus viscosity can result in significant changes to pressure patterns in some individuals, it has little effect in others. Highly individual responses to increased viscosity are also observed with swallowing duration.The above, together with other findings, have important implications for our understanding of the aetiology of widely differing conditions such as protrusive and retrusive malocclusions, dysphagia and sleep apnoea, as well as the development of novel food products.
Efficacy of sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma independent of prior treatment, histology or prognostic group
Authors: Tafreshi Ali , Thientosapol Eddy , Liew Mun Sem , Guo Yuan , Quaggiotto Melissa , Boyer Michael , Davis Ian D 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the response rate and safety of sorafenib in different subpopulations of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).MethodsSingle‐arm open access trial. Key eligibility: advanced RCC with either clear‐cell or non‐clear‐cell histopathology; progression on prior systemic chemotherapy or treatment naïve. Sorafenib was commenced at 400 mg twice daily continuously.ResultsA total 47 participants with metastatic RCC were treated with sorafenib. Overall, 1 participant experienced complete response, 6 (13%) had documented partial response (PR) and 29 (62%) had stable disease (SD) as the best response. Eight (17%) had non‐clear‐cell histopathology and five (10%) had sarcomatoid features. In the non‐clear‐cell histopathology cohort, five participants (62.5%) had SD. Twenty‐three (49%) participants were treatment naïve; of these, 1/23 showed CR, 5/23 experienced PR and 13/23 had SD (clinical benefit: 83%). Overall, 14 (30%) and 22 (47%) participants had high‐risk status according to MSKCC (Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center) and Heng prognostic scores, respectively. In the MSKCC poor prognostic group (14 participants), one participant had CR, two participants showed PR and eight participants had SD (clinical benefit: 79%). In Heng poor prognostic group (22 participants), 1 participant experienced CR, 2 participants showed PR and 13 had SD (clinical benefit: 73%). Hand–foot syndrome (53%), rash (47%), fatigue (42%), nausea (40%), anorexia (34%) and diarrhea (32%) were the most common adverse events.ConclusionsThis study confirms the efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib in a different spectrum of advanced RCC patients including non‐clear‐cell histology, poor prognostic status and as first‐line treatment.
Late development of complete atrioventricular block may be immune mediated and congenital in origin
Authors: Bergman Gunnar , Skog Amanda , Tingström Joanna , Ottosson Vijole , Hoxha Ariela , Ambrosi Aurelie ,   The Swedish Congenital Heart Block Study Group, Salomonsson Stina , Wahren‐Herlenius Marie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the correlation between maternal autoantibodies and age at diagnosis of isolated complete atrioventricular (AV) block (CAVB) and to study signs of late progression of foetal immune‐mediated insults in cases of postnatally diagnosed CAVB.MethodsPatients with CAVB (n = 190) identified in a population‐based manner were included. Maternal autoantibody profile was correlated with age at CAVB diagnosis. A structured review of medical records was performed if a late CAVB diagnosis (>27 days post‐partum) was associated with a sero‐positive mother.ResultsMaternal Ro/La autoantibodies were observed in 88% of cases with a congenital diagnosis. Thirteen cases with a sero‐positive mother and late CAVB diagnosis were found (age‐range: 4 months–43 years). In two cases, CAVB was diagnosed in conjunction with infections, one case had a family history of cardiomyopathy and two cases had nontypical clinical presentations, indicating alternative pathogenetic mechanisms. In the remaining eight cases, no likely factors inducing CAVB, other than maternal autoantibodies, could be identified.ConclusionOur observations support the hypothesis that late progression to CAVB can be the result of an immune‐mediated pathogenetic mechanism during foetal life. An autoantibody‐associated diagnosis after the neonatal period is therefore possible, and testing of maternal serology at the time of diagnosis is recommended.
Macroanatomic, light microscopic, and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull (Larus fuscus) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo)
Authors: Onuk Burcu , Tütüncü Serife , Kabak Murat , Alan Aydın 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe tongues of ten seagulls and six common buzzards were examined. In both species, papillae linguales caudales were shaped like a letter “V” between the corpus linguae and the radix linguae. From these papillae, the length of the laterally placed papillae was greater compared with others in both species. Two or three secondary papillae were detected on these papillae in the seagull. In scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations, in the seagull, the apex linguae was composed of multilayered desquamated cells, while in the buzzard, scalelike simple projections on the surface of desquamated cells were observed. In the buzzard, glandula (gll). linguales, and gll. mandibulares caudales were seen, while in the seagull, gll. cricoarytenoideae and gll. mandibulares caudales were present. In the seagull, apex linguae were bifurcated, and there were desquamating multilayered cells, particularly at the apex linguae. The number and location of salivary gland orifices are specific to this species. The common buzzard had similarities to many characteristics of the long‐legged buzzard. An absence of long and curly threadlike projections at the two lateral sides of the corpus linguae and an excessive number of salivary gland orifices at the corpus linguae were the main differences from the long‐legged buzzard.
Impact of physical activity and diet on lipoprotein particle concentrations in severely obese women participating in a 1‐year lifestyle intervention
Authors: Aadland E. , Andersen J. R. , Anderssen S. A. , Kvalheim O. M. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Physical activity and high aerobic fitness protects against cardiovascular disease and early death, besides having a very modest impact on lipoprotein‐cholesterol in obese subjects.
Physical activity has been shown to favourably alter lipoprotein particle concentrations and apolipoprotein B with minimal weight loss in overweight to moderately obese subjects.

What this study adds
We studied the impact of physical activity on lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations in women with severe obesity.
Increased physical activity duration was associated with favourable changes, whereas increased PA intensity was associated with adverse changes in some lipoprotein particle subclasses in severely obese women.
Severely obese women that manage to increase their physical activity level can improve their lipoprotein profile, whether or not they lose fat mass
Physical activity (PA) and high aerobic fitness protects against cardiovascular disease and early death possibly among others because of an anti‐atherogenic impact on lipoprotein particle concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of PA and diet on lipoprotein particle concentrations. Thirty‐one severely obese women (age 43.6 ± 10.2 years; body mass index 43.0 ± 6.3 kg m−2) participated in a 1‐year lifestyle intervention with repeated measurements of lipoprotein particle subclass concentrations and size of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as fat mass, PA and diet. Multiple regression was used to determine associations with change (Δ) in two principal components (PCs) describing lipoprotein distributions: ΔPC 1 LIPO (dominated by VLDL and LDL) and ΔPC 2 LIPO (dominated by large HDL and mean HDL particle size). ΔPA duration was the only variable that was significantly related to ΔPC 1 LIPO (partial r = −0.40, P = 0.008), while ΔPA intensity was the only variable that was significantly related to ΔPC 2 LIPO (partial r = −0.43, P = 0.003) in adjusted models. Increased PA duration was associated with favourable changes, whereas increased PA intensity was associated with adverse changes in some lipoprotein particle subclasses in severely obese women.
A prospective case controlled study of the short‐term outcome following hemicolectomy for benign compared with malignant colonic polyps
Authors: Brigic A. , Cahill R. A. , Bassett P. , Clark S. K. , Kennedy R. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe number of patients diagnosed with advanced colonic polyps has increased due to screening. The outcome of hemicolectomy for benign lesions is poorly documented. We present a case‐matched study comparing the results of hemicolectomy for benign and malignant polyps performed in two institutions.MethodsData for consecutive patients undergoing surgery for benign colonic polyps (BCPs) were prospectively collected in two hospitals. Each patient was matched for age, sex, ASA grade, site and type of resection (laparoscopic, open and converted) with two controls who underwent surgery for colon cancer (CC). The length of stay (LOS) and 30‐day outcome were analysed adjusting for potential confounders. Multilevel linear and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsForty‐six patients having hemicolectomy for BCP were matched with 81 patients with CC. The median size of BCP was 4 cm [interquartile range (IQR) 2.5–5.4 cm]. Patients with a BCP had a marginally longer LOS [median 5.5 (IQR 4–8) days and 5 (IQR 3–7) days (P = 0.04)]. Twenty‐one (46%) of 46 patients with BCP had a postoperative complication compared with 25 (31%) of 81 CC patients (P = 0.12, OR = 2.11, 95% CI 0.82–5.41). Four (9%) of 46 patients with BCP underwent re‐operation and a further three (7%) were readmitted compared with one (1%) and two (2%) of 81 patients with CC (P = 0.07 and 0.28). There was no mortality in either group.ConclusionComplications following hemicolectomy for BCP or CC are not significantly different. The results of the study provide further impetus to develop local full thickness colonic excision for benign colonic lesions as an alternative to major surgery.
From the matrix to roadsides and beyond: the role of isolated paddock trees as dispersal points for invasion
Authors: Coulson Claire , Spooner Peter G. , Lunt Ian D. , Watson Simon J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimVertebrate seed dispersers play an important role in determining the spatial distributions of many plants, yet few studies have examined patterns of dispersal in fragmented rural landscapes. This study investigated the factors that influence the occurrence and density of roadside populations of two vertebrate‐dispersed trees (Brachychiton populneus and Schinus molle) in roadside environments.LocationTemperate woodland in southern NSW, Australia.MethodsGeneralized linear models (GLMs) were used to investigate the factors that influence the occurrence and density of the study species in roadsides. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) was used to determine the relative importance of biophysical, disturbance and landscape variables in predictive models for the two species.ResultsWe identified two significant determinants of the occurrence of B. populneus and S. molle populations in roadsides: (1) the presence of large ‘perch’ trees of non‐target species (predominately Eucalyptus spp.) in roadsides and (2) distance to nearest paddock tree of each target species. These factors were important for both species, but combined to form a stronger predictive model for S. molle than for B. populneus. Factors influencing population density were less clear, although populations of both species tended to be denser on narrow roads.Main conclusionsLarge perch trees were an important predictor of the presence of roadside populations of both species. These results provide criteria to enable roadside managers to either promote native B. populneus, or prevent incursions of exotic S. molle, as desired. Examination of the dispersal pathways for B. populneus and S. molle has revealed that in fragmented agricultural landscapes, isolated paddock trees are able to disperse to nearby roadside environments via frugivore activity. As a result, road networks may provide ‘conduits’ for the movement and potential invasion of vertebrate‐dispersed plant species.
Incretins, amylin and other gut‐brain axis hormones in children with coeliac disease
Authors: Papastamataki Maria , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Bartzeliotou Anastasia , Vazeou Andriani , Roma Eleftheria , Chrousos George P. , Kanaka‐Gantenbein Christina 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research indicated that coeliac disease (CD) is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the gut‐brain axis peptide hormones secretion has not been evaluated so far in patients with CD prior to treatment initiation or under treatment, irrespective of patients having concomitant T1DM or not. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate these gut hormones at the preprandial levels of patients with CD before and under treatment.MethodsOf forty‐seven CD children, 12 untreated (UCD), 22 treated with gluten‐free diet (TCD) and 13 treated CD with coexisting T1DM (DCD), and 18 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Preprandial glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), glucose‐dependent‐insulinotropic‐polypeptide (GIP), active amylin, acylated ghrelin (AG), leptin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide‐tyrosine‐tyrosine (PYY) were determined with hormone‐map‐array technology.ResultsWe found in patients with CD compared with HC that the concentration of (i) GLP‐1 was reduced remarkably in all patients with CD (P = 0·008), (ii) GIP was lower in patients with UCD (P = 0·008), (iii) amylin was remarkably reduced (P < 0·01) in all patients with CD, (iv) AG was significantly decreased in patients with DCD (P < 0·01), while (v) leptin, PP and PYY were not significantly different. GIP, GLP‐1 and amylin levels correlated positively with insulin concentrations (P < 0·001, P = 0·004 and P < 0·01, respectively) in all patients. Amylin and GIP levels were strongly associated with triglycerides concentrations (P < 0·001, for both peptides) in children with CD.ConclusionsOur study revealed a different secretion pattern of gut‐brain axis hormones in children with CD compared with HC. The alterations in the axis were more pronounced in children with both CD and T1DM.
Selective segregation in intraspecific competition between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Berg Ole K. , Bremset Gunnbjørn , Puffer Michael , Hanssen Kjersti 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInteractive segregation has been suggested as the ruling competition mechanism determining niche and niche segregation between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Results from allopatry–sympatry observations of habitat use in both nature and in experiments were contrary to predictions derived from the interactive segregation hypothesis. Habitat use parameters under natural conditions such as distance to shore for Atlantic salmon parr were nearly identical in allopatric (mean ± SD; 3.2 ± 1.4 m) and sympatric (3.3 ± 1.4 m) situations. Occupied water depths largely reflected available water, but water depths <15 cm were avoided by salmon parr. Under experimental conditions, habitat use of allopatric salmon was density independent and salmon size had only minor effects, with smaller fish being more likely to occur in the shallow. Habitat use of salmon in sympatry with trout did not differ from allopatric salmon habitat use, and only salmon size had minor effects on depth choice – occurrence of trout or fish density had no effect. Allopatric trout was in general more frequent in the shallow habitat than salmon. Habitat use of sympatric trout was affected by the occurrence of salmon and trout size, resulting in a higher use of the shallow habitats for small trout. To conclude, selective segregation has a dominant role in salmon habitat use (not affected by trout occurrence), whereas a mixed situation occurs in trout habitat use with elements of interactive segregation when competing with Atlantic salmon (affected by salmon occurrence).
Developmental enamel defects in children born preterm: a systematic review
Authors: Jacobsen Pernille E. , Haubek Dorte , Henriksen Tine B. , Østergaard John R. , Poulsen Sven 
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the association between developmental enamel defects and children born preterm. An identical search was performed in PubMed and Embase and was limited to human studies and studies written in English, German, Danish, Swedish, or Norwegian. Reviews, case studies, and case series were excluded. A total of 283 articles were identified. Twenty‐three publications, of which 19 were follow‐up studies, two were case–control studies, and two were cross‐sectional surveys, were enrolled in the review. The majority of the studies (n = 17) dealt with enamel hypoplasia of the primary teeth. Thirteen studies reported an association between preterm birth and enamel hypoplasia, and, in addition, few studies reported an increased risk of enamel opacities in the primary teeth, in children with a birth weight <1500 g. Seven studies dealt with enamel disturbances of the permanent teeth, four of which suggested an increased risk of enamel opacities. This systematic review suggests an increased risk of enamel hypoplasia in primary teeth of children born preterm and enamel opacities in very‐low birth‐weight children. A larger number of well‐designed studies are, however, needed in order to increase the validity of the studies.
Alloparental Care in the African Striped Mouse Rhabdomys pumilio is Age‐Dependent and Influences the Development of Paternal Care
Authors: Rymer Tasmin L. , Pillay Neville 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlloparents contribute to offspring care and alleviate the workload of breeders. The help provided varies with the age and/or experience of helpers, but it is not known whether breeders vary their investment based on the age of helpers by adjusting the parental care they provide. We studied the alloparental care provided by juvenile and subadult philopatric daughters in biparental African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio with and without the mother as a measure of alleviation of maternal workload. We showed in a previous study that alleviation of maternal workload directly affects the development of paternal care in their sons, so we studied the expression of paternal care in young males raised by helpers as a proxy of the long‐term consequences of helping. Both juvenile and subadult daughters provided care but the level of alloparental care and concomitant alleviation of maternal care was age‐dependent. In the absence of the mother, juvenile daughters provided just 6% of care compared with 24% of subadult daughters. Sons raised by mothers and juvenile helpers displayed the expected exaggerated levels of care also observed when mothers raise litters on their own. While our results show the direct value of subadult daughters, juvenile daughters could contribute indirectly (e.g. nest maintenance) to alleviating maternal workload. The development of paternal care indicates that mothers do distinguish between the care provided by different aged helpers. Overall, the type of alloparental care provided by female striped mice is expected to change over their lifetimes, resulting in increased inclusive fitness through caring for siblings and acquisition of parenting skills.
The balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines is crucial in human allergic contact dermatitis pathogenesis: the role of IL‐1 family members
Authors: Mattii Martina , Ayala Fabio , Balato Nicola , Filotico Raffaele , Lembo Serena , Schiattarella Maria , Patruno Cataldo , Marone Gianni , Balato Anna 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe interleukin (IL)‐1 family includes 11 members that are important in inflammatory processes. It includes various agonists and two antagonists, IL‐1Ra and IL‐36Ra. Our aim was to investigate whether the IL‐1 family is involved in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The expression of IL‐1 family members was evaluated by PCR and immunohistochemistry in the positive patch test reaction site (involved skin) and in the uninvolved skin of ACD patients. We also examined these cytokines in an ex vivo model of ACD. The antagonistic activity of IL‐36Ra was evaluated by injecting recombinant IL‐36Ra in uninvolved skin biopsies of ACD patients. IL‐1Ra and IL‐36Ra expression was quantified in mononuclear cells of nickel‐sensitized patients challenged in vitro with nickel. IL‐33 involvement in ACD was investigated by intra‐dermal injection of anti‐IL‐33 in the uninvolved skin of patients ex vivo. Results showed that IL‐1β, IL‐1Ra, IL‐36α, IL‐36β, IL‐36γ and IL‐33 expression, but not IL‐36Ra expression, was enhanced in ACD‐involved skin. Immunohistochemical analysis and ex vivo skin cultures confirmed these results. Injection of anti‐IL‐33 in ACD‐uninvolved skin inhibited IL‐8 expression, whereas IL‐36Ra inhibited IL‐36α, IL‐36β, IL‐36γ and IL‐8 expression. Nickel induced IL‐1Ra expression in lymphocytes of nickel‐sensitized patients. Hence, various IL‐1 agonists and antagonists may be involved in ACD pathogenesis.
Monitoring gene expression in a single Xenopus oocyte using multiple cytoplasmic collections and quantitative RT‐PCR
Authors: Tokmakov Alexander A. , Hashimoto Takanori , Hasegawa Yushi , Iguchi Sho , Iwasaki Tetsushi , Fukami Yasuo 
Published: October 2013

Oocytes and eggs of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, are commonly used in gene expression studies. However, monitoring transcript levels in the individual living oocytes remains challenging. To address this challenge, we used a technique based on multiple repeated collections of nanoliter volumes of cytoplasmic material from a single oocyte. Transcript quantification was performed by quantitative RT‐PCR. The technique allowed monitoring of heterologous gene expression in a single oocyte without affecting its viability. We also used this approach to profile the expression of endogenous genes in living Xenopus oocytes. Although frog oocytes are traditionally viewed as a homogenous cell population, a significant degree of gene expression variation was observed among the individual oocytes. A lognormal distribution of transcript levels was revealed in the oocyte population. Finally, using this technique, we observed a dramatic decrease in the content of various cytoplasmic mRNAs in aging unfertilized eggs but not in oocytes, suggesting a link between mRNA degradation and egg apoptosis.