bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar forcing of Caribbean drought events during the last millennium
Authors: BURN MICHAEL J. , PALMER SUZANNE E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic climate change is expected to increase the frequency of drought events in the earth's subtropical regions. However, the climate dynamics of these regions are not fully understood and debate surrounds how external forcing factors such as solar and volcanic forcing influence long‐term rainfall patterns in the subtropics. Here, we present the first high‐resolution reconstruction of Caribbean drought events over the last millennium based on analyses of sediment geochemical data from a continuous high‐resolution coastal lake‐sediment record in Jamaica. The record suggests extended episodes of drought occurred during the so‐called Little Ice Age (1400–1850 CE), which were associated with El‐Niño‐like conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and controlled by low natural radiative forcing. Comparison of the Jamaican drought record with previously published palaeoclimatic archives from within the circum‐Caribbean region suggests that dry conditions were associated with the southward migration of the Hadley Cell, a stronger North Atlantic High and the concomitant intensification of the north‐east trade winds and the Caribbean Low Level Jet. We conclude that pre‐industrial climatic change in the region was probably controlled by solar forcing and modulated by the combined influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation.
Use of traditional and complementary/alternative medicine (TCAM) in children with cancer in Guatemala
Authors: Ladas Elena J. , Rivas Silvia , Ndao Deborah , Damoulakis Doree , Bao Yuan Yuan , Cheng Bin , Kelly Kara M. , Antillon Federico 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundInternational surveys have demonstrated that use of traditional and complementary/alternative medicine (TCAM) is highly prevalent among children with cancer; however, little is known about its use among children with cancer in Latin America. As part of a regional initiative, we present the results of the first survey exploring use of TCAM among children with cancer residing in Latin America.ProcedureA cross‐sectional sample of 100 parents whose children received treatment in Guatemala City were interviewed from May 2008 to February 2010. Upon consent, an in‐person interview was performed during a routine clinical visit. Information on the form, duration, cost, and satisfaction of TCAM was collected. Approval from the institutional review board was obtained.ResultsThe median age of patients was 9.2 years with 63% undergoing treatment. Use of TCAM was reported by 90% of parents. Most often, more than one type of therapy was utilized. Most patients (67%) relied on TCAM for supportive care indications; however, a significant percentage (34%) used TCAM for curative purposes. The most commonly reported form was the use of oral supplements with the majority perceiving TCAM as effective for the intended purpose.ConclusionsUse of TCAM was highly prevalent among children with cancer residing in Guatemala. Most importantly, TCAM was used alongside conventional therapy for supportive care indications. These findings underscoring the need for open lines of communication between clinicians and families. Future research may consider exploring the role of TCAM within the scope of supportive care and its effect on existing supportive care interventions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:687–692. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyamide‐6,6‐based blocky copolyamides obtained by solid‐state modification
Authors: Jeyakumar Albert , Goossens Han , Noordover Bart , Prusty Manoranjan , Scheibitz Matthias , Koning Cor 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCopolyamides based on polyamide‐6,6 (PA‐6,6) were prepared by solid‐state modification (SSM). Para‐ and meta‐xylylenediamine were successfully incorporated into the aliphatic PA‐6,6 backbone at 200 and 230 °C under an inert gas flow. In the initial stage of the SSM below the melting temperature of PA‐6,6, a decrease of the molecular weight was observed due to chain scission, followed by a built up of the molecular weight and incorporation of the comonomer by postcondensation during the next stage. When the solid‐state copolymerization was continued for a sufficiently long time, the starting PA‐6,6 molecular weight was regained. The incorporation of the comonomer into the PA‐6,6 main chain was confirmed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with ultraviolet detection, which showed the presence of aromatic moieties in the final high‐molecular weight SSM product. The occurrence of the transamidation reaction was also proven by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. As the transamidation was limited to the amorphous phase, this SSM resulted in a nonrandom overall structure of the PA copolymer as shown by the degree of randomness determined using 13C NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the SSM products were compared with melt‐synthesized copolyamides of similar chemical composition. The higher melting and higher crystallization temperatures of the solid state‐modified copolyamides confirmed their nonrandom, block‐like chemical microstructure, whereas the melt‐synthesized copolyamides were random. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 5118–5129
The positive definiteness judgment of Hessian matrix and its application in Hamilton realization of multimachine power system
Authors: Ting Yin , Jie Wang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt is important in nonlinear analysis and controller design to judge the positive definiteness of the Hessian matrix for the generalized Hamilton realization of traditional power systems. In this paper, a general method to judge the positive definiteness of the high‐order blocked matrix is derived, which is based on the characteristics of the power system and the proposed method. It will be conducive to the research on control design by the transient energy function of the power system. Time‐domain simulation is given for a four‐machine system to prove the correctness of the criterion and the effectiveness of the control strategy. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of monoterpenes on human TRPA1 and the structural basis of their activity
Authors: Takaishi Masayuki , Uchida Kunitoshi , Fujita Fumitaka , Tominaga Makoto 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
TRPA1, one of the transient receptor potential channels, has been reported to be involved in nociception and inflammatory pain, suggesting that this molecule could be a promising target for the development of analgesic agents. We screened several monoterpene analogs of camphor, which is known to inhibit human (h) TRPA1, to identify more effective naturally occurring TRPA1 antagonists. Borneol, 2-methylisoborneol, and fenchyl alcohol exhibited higher inhibitory effects on hTRPA1 activity than either camphor or 1,8-cineole. Our results revealed further that the S873, T874, and Y812 residues of hTRPA1 were involved in the inhibitory effects, suggesting that the hydroxyl group in the six-membered ring of the inhibitors may be interacting with these amino acids. Further research on these identified TRPA1 antagonists could lead to new pain therapeutics.
Happiness and health behaviour in Iranian adolescent girls
Authors: Fararouei M. , Brown I.J. , Akbartabar Toori M. , Estakhrian Haghighi R. , Jafari J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the association of happiness in adolescent females with leisure time and health related behaviours namely diet, physical activity and first or second hand smoking. Using a self‐administered questionnaire, data were collected from 8159 female high school students ages 11–19 years. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations between happiness and weight, regular exercise, exposure to second‐hand tobacco smoke, daily fruit or vegetable consumption and the way participants spent their leisure time. Happiness was associated with lower BMI, regular physical activity, absence of exposure to second‐hand smoke, higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, and spending leisure time with family (all P < 0.005). These exploratory findings suggest that encouraging children and adolescents to adopt healthy behaviours, providing family time and a smoke‐free environment may make them not only healthier but also happier.
Ratner’s property for special flows over irrational rotations under functions of bounded variation
Authors: KANIGOWSKI ADAM 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe consider special flows over the rotation by an irrational$\alpha $under the roof functions of bounded variation without continuous, singular part in the Lebesgue decomposition and sum of jumps not equal to zero. We show that all such flows are weakly mixing. Under the additional assumption that$\alpha $has bounded partial quotients, we study the weak Ratner property. We establish this property whenever an additional condition (stable under sufficiently small perturbations) on the set of jumps is satisfied. While it is a classical result that the flows under consideration are not mixing, one more condition on the set of jumps turns out to be sufficient to obtain the absence of partial rigidity, hence mild mixing of such flows.
Has a Frog Human a Soul? – Huxley, Tertullian, Physicalism and the Soul, Some Historical Antecedents
Authors: Brennan Robert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMuch theology presupposes a metaphysical spirit or soul, the existence of which has been questioned in contemporary neurobiological research. Green, Murphy and others argue for alternatives to metaphysical description. If the neuroscience is correct and the soul, if it exists, is not metaphysical then many theological descriptions will need serious revision or possibly even abandonment. One such theological description, directly affected and long considered to be an essential part of Christianity, is God's personal self-communication to humans. This has traditionally been understood to occur through the metaphysical human soul or spirit. The question explored in this article is whether the existence of a metaphysical soul is an all or nothing matter for Christian theology.A rational and strong challenge to the existence of metaphysical soul is demonstrably not new. Nonetheless, from the beginnings of modernity it has been generally assumed, utilising Augustinian anthropology, that the soul was a metaphysical element of human anatomy. Huxley's work on sensation, including ‘Has the Frog a Soul’, determines the anatomical location of the soul by its supposed function. Huxley questions early modernity's assumptions regarding the nature of sensation and the presumed role of the metaphysical soul within the sensorium. Huxley deduces limits and conditions on the existence of the soul and arrives at a description which has similarities to Tertullian's corporeal description of the soul. Huxley, however, does not engage with Tertullian, whose relatively orthodox description of the soul answers a number of issues that Huxley raises. Tertullian's careful revision of the Aristotelian category of corporeality is not exactly the same as Huxley's nineteenth-century materialism or contemporary physicalism. Tertullian's description of the soul is remarkably similar to Augustine's, differing mainly on the issue of corporeality and metaphysicality. Tertullian's description ironically draws on and shares the same functions as Greek philosophy and medicine. This description of the soul seems to be based more on these sources than scripture, unusually for Tertullian. Some form of reappropriation of Tertullian's non-metaphysical soul may be useful in the contemporary debate, noting the limitations of his understandings of biology and physics. It seems possible to take note, in some form, of changed and better contemporary worldviews, in order to better describe theological anthropology and in particular that element related to the soul.
Metadiscursive regimes of diversity in a multinational corporation
Authors: Park Joseph Sung-Yul 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInformed by recent work on the commodification of language and identity, this article offers a critique of the neoliberal corporate discourse of “diversity management,” in which the diversity of the workforce is conceived as a resource for maximizing profit. Through a close analysis of the language ideologies deployed in an interaction between three mid-level managers at a multinational corporation and a researcher, this article shows how the discourse of diversity management, constituting a metadiscursive regime, works to rationalize and justify the inequalities of the global workplace through the specific ways in which older and newer discourses of language and identity are juxtaposed. The findings emphasize how sociolinguistic research may contribute to a deeper understanding of the conditions of work in the new economy by identifying language as an indispensable part of the mechanism that sustains processes of control. (Metadiscursive regime, diversity management, neoliberalism, work, language ideology)*
§ VII—The Byzantine Castle of Avret-Hissar
Authors: Woodward A. M. 
Published: October 2013

About eight miles south-west of Kilkish or Kukuš, on the right bank of the river Zensko, is the ruined village of Avret-Hissar. Facing the village, on the left bank of the stream, is a prominent rocky spur, rising steeply from the river and crowned by the remains of a remarkable mediaeval building.This was correctly identified by Leake, who does not appear to have visited the site, as the castle ofΓυναικόκαστροwhich played a prominent part in the history of this region in the fourteenth century. As I know of no published description of it, these notes seem to be worth publication in the hopes that a fuller study of the site may be made now that exploration in this area is more feasible.
An Archaic Greek Statuette from South Arabia
Authors: Beazley J. D. 
Published: October 2013

The statuette of which photographs are reproduced here was seen by Major the Honble. R. A. B. Hamilton, who writes:—‘In January 1939 I was riding with a concourse of tribesmen past the old ruin of a fort, which lies at the mouth of the Wadi Jardan, in the Aden Protectorate: Long. 47° E.: Lat. 15° N. A tribesman ran after our party and offered me a small statuette for sale. I asked him where he had found it and he replied that it had been washed out of the ruin by a flood the year before. He demanded Rs. 200 for it. I tried to beat him down but he refused to drop his price. There was, for many reasons, little time for argument, and I had no more than Rs. 50 of my own money with me.
Travels in Crete, 1962
Authors: Hood Sinclair , Warren Peter , Cadogan Gerald 
Published: October 2013

These travels occupied us during four weeks of July and August 1962. Our initial intention was not to look for new sites, but to visit those already known, in order to revise the lists in Pendlebury's The Archaeology of Crete (1939).Crete has perhaps been more thoroughly explored than any other part of Greece. Pashley (Travels in Crete (1837)) and Spratt (Travels and Researches in Crete (1865)) identified many ancient Greek and Roman cities. At the end of the nineteenth century came Evans, and the Italians Halbherr, Mariani, Savignoni, and Taramelli, who began the search for Bronze Age sites continued by Pendlebury, Kirsten, and others between the wars. Much has also been contributed by a series of distinguished Antiquities Officers, I. Hatzidakes, St. Xanthoudides, and Sp. Marinatos; and since the war by N. Platon, whose very full annual reports in Kritika Khronika have provided a valuable record of current excavations and discoveries. In recent years P. Faure has located many new sites in the course of exploring the caves of Crete.
The Excavation of the Kamares Cave in Crete
Authors: Dawkins R. M. , Laistner M. L. W. 
Published: October 2013

The Kamares cave on Mount Ida has been known now for more than twenty years as a prehistoric sanctuary, but its full excavation was only carried out in the summer of 1913 by a party from the British School, which thus resumed the work in Crete discontinued since Palaikastro gave way to Sparta in 1906. This early fame of the cave was due to the discovery in it in the early nineties of a number of vases and a few figurines, which Dr. Hazzidakis secured from the shepherd who had found them and placed in what was then the Museum of the Archaeological Syllogos at Candia. Some of the vases bear the marks of the rivets with which their peasant owner mended them.The results of our excavation have so greatly supplemented this first instalment that the authorities of the Candia Museum have been able to do a great deal in the way of the reconstruction of vases, of which until now only small pieces were available, and these restorations have been put at our service for the photographs which accompany this report.As soon as these vases were discovered they were at once recognised as belonging to a kind until then almost entirely unknown, and the name ‘Kamares,’ which was at once given to them, still remains current as a general description of that kind of Cretan pottery which has a black ground and white or polychrome ornament, although at the present stage of research rather as a convenient name for the technique than with any chronological meaning.
Excavations at Plati in Lasithi, Crete
Authors: Dawkins R. M. 
Published: October 2013

When I was at Candia in the autumn of 1913, Dr. Hatzidakis, the Ephor of Antiquities, told me that a report had reached him of a Minoan site near the village of Pláti in the plain of Lasithi, and suggested that the School should apply for a permit to excavate it. Before leaving Crete I made a preliminary inspection of the site, and the prospects seemed to justify the School in undertaking the work. The local account was that a woman had had a dream that by digging in a certain place a church bell would be found. The villagers accordingly dug a hole in the place indicated, and found not a bell but an early piece of wall and some fragments of obsidian. A report of the discovery was made to the authorities by the scholarch of Tsermiádo, the chief village of Lasithi, and it was this document to which Dr. Hatzidakis called my attention.The usual kindness of the Cretan authorities produced the required permit, and by the 25th of April the site had been measured by the government engineer in accordance with the law now in force, and we were able to begin the work. This lasted for exactly a month, until the 25th of May, the number of men employed being for the most part about thirty, and resulted in the discovery of the Minoan settlement described in the second section of this report. The party consisted of Messrs. J. P. Droop, R. M. Heath, and M. L. W. Laistner with the Director in charge throughout.
Thevet's Grand Insulaire and his Travels in the Levant
Authors: Hasluck F. W. 
Published: October 2013

Two folio volumes in the Bibliothèque Nationale (MS. Fr. 15, 452–3) contain an ambitious work by André Thevet on the islands of the world, entitled Le Grand Insulaire et Pilotage d'Andre Thevet, Angoumousin, cosmographe du Roy, dans lequel sont contenus plusieurs plants d'isles habitées et déshiabitées et description d'icelles. The date 1586 is scribbled on the back of one of the maps in vol. i. and checked by a reference on f. 112, which gives the date of the Insulaire as twenty-five years later than a voyage undertaken by the author to the New World in 1551. We may thus take the date of the composition as lying between 1576 and 1586.The first volume of the Insulaire (numbered ff. 413, of which nineteen are blank, plus thirty-two unnumbered written sheets) contains descriptions and many engraved maps of the North European and East Indian Islands, Japan, the Canaries, and the islands of the New World.
The Mounds of Macedonia
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

A recent journey has given me the opportunity of verifying and supplementing the observations on the prehistoric sites of Macedonia made by Mr. M. S. Thompson and myself in 1909. The following remarks are to be considered merely as notes intended to assist in the future exploration of Macedonian prehistoric mounds, as they are based on observation and not on excavation.In 1911 we noted a prehistoric settlement on a bluff on the right bank of the Haliakmon just above the Serfije end of the bridge over the river on the Kozane-Serfije road. The mound directly overlooks the bridge-head and is skirted on the west by the high road. The fields round are known as Emir Chaiir. In our previous examination of the mound Mr. Thompson and I found only plain hand-made prehistoric potsherds which possessed no sufficiently marked characteristics to enable us to determine to what group they belonged.
Some Lydian Propitiatory Inscriptions
Authors: Buckler W. H. 
Published: October 2013

Of the six following inscriptions the first is new, the other five are already known. These five are here republished because they all have some features in common with the first and appear to be worthy of fresh study.I.: Small stele of grey marble belonging to Athanasios Dürekoglu; photographed and copied by me at Kula in June 1914. Height 66 cm.; width at top 32 cm., at bottom 42 cm.; thickness 6 cm. A clean break runs across the middle. Above the following text, which is perfectly preserved, is a sunken panel, on which are represented a pair of eyes and below these a pair of pigeons in low relief. (Plate XV, 1.)This is one of those propitiatory monuments, found almost exclusively in Maeonia and S.W. Phrygia, which were dedicated by penitents at various sanctuaries to commemorate specific sins and the penalties inflicted by the gods.
§ II.—The Campaign of 1921
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

The Greek Ministry of Public Instruction readily renewed our permit, and as usual gave us every facility they could. Mr. Theophaneides was specially sent to act as Government representative during the excavations, which were also visited by Dr. Keramopoullos, Ephor for Argolis, and after the close of the work Mr. Balanos came to inspect the walls and tholos tombs and consult with the Director about the measures necessary to repair and conserve them. Other visitors included Dr. Chatzidakis of Candia and Professor Kurt Mueller.The actual excavation began on May 22nd, though Miss Lamb and Miss Herford arrived two days before and occupied themselves in arranging the workroom and other preparations. The number of men employed was at first twenty-five, and gradually rose to forty-seven, and then diminished again by degrees to six, when work ended on July 27th. The headquarters of the party were in the Metrovgenes house, which proved convenient and comfortable, while accommodation for the lady members was retained at the ‘Fair Helen Hotel.’
§ X.—The Cyclopean Terrace Building
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

In 1922 we had heard rumours of the existence of a Cyclopean building to the west of the Lion Tomb and on the north or reverse side of the ridge from the Tomb of Clytemnestra. We dug here for one day then and verified the presence of big walls. Accordingly, during our brief campaign in 1923, we could not resist the temptation to see what this building might be, as it lies well outside the acropolis and outside the Hellenistic wall of the lower town, and in an area where no Mycenaean ruins have yet been excavated.The plan in Fig. 91 shews the extent of wall we were able to trace. On the west at the foot of the slope we found a very heavy wall built in Cyclopean style with large blocks of limestone. It is 2·70 m. thick, in places as much as 2 m. high, and runs along for a distance of 15 m., and may have extended still further northwards. A wall returns at right angles from this straight into the hillside, and divides the space behind it into two sections, which we have provisionally called the north and south chambers.