bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensor-based intelligent tool online monitoring technology: applications and progress
Authors: Huang Jiashuai , Chen Guangjun , Wei Hong , Chen Zhuang , Lv Yingxin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the continuous development of the aerospace, defense, and military industry, along with other high-end fields, the complexity of machined parts has gradually increased. Consequently, the demand for tool intelligence has also strengthened. However, traditional tools are prone to wear during cutting due to high cutting forces, high temperatures, and vibrations. Intelligent tools, in contrast to traditional ones, integrate sensors into their design, allowing for real-time monitoring of the cutting status and timely prediction of tool wear. The application of intelligent tools in machining significantly enhances machining quality, increases productivity, and reduces production costs. In this review, first, the tool wear monitoring methods were classified and discussed. Second, the intelligence and innovation of sensors in monitoring cutting force, temperature, and vibration were introduced, and the commonly used types of sensors for online monitoring of cutting force were detailed. Furthermore, different types of sensors in tool wear were discussed, and the advantages of multi-sensor monitoring were summarized. Some urgent issues and perspectives that need to be addressed were proposed, providing new ideas for the design and development of intelligent tools.
A self-supervised learning method for fault detection of wind turbines
Authors: Zhi Shaodan , Shen Haikuo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As promising solutions to condition-based maintenance of wind turbines, artificial intelligence-based techniques have drawn extensive attention in the era of industry 4.0. However, accurate fault detection is still challenging owing to volatile operating conditions in real-world settings. To handle this problem, a novel method is proposed for fault detection of wind turbines. Specifically, a data augmentation scheme is developed to simulate the effects of time-varying environments and noise. Then, a self-supervised proxy task of variant prediction is designed and conducted. In this way, valid data representations can be extracted to represent the health status of wind turbines. Additionally, the compactness of data representations is guaranteed by the directional evolution, which can relieve the confusion of health conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with actual measurements. Using the proposed method, several faults can be detected more than 10 d earlier, and blade breakage can be identified more than 22 h earlier. Furthermore, the developed method outperforms several benchmark approaches.
Millisecond-resolved infrared spectroscopy study of polymer brush swelling dynamics
Authors: Jorissen K F A , Veldscholte L B , Odijk M , de Beer S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present the study of millisecond-resolved polymer brush swelling dynamics using infrared spectroscopy with a home-built quantum cascade laser-based infrared spectrometer at a 1 kHz sampling rate after averaging. By cycling the humidity of the environment of the polymer brush, we are able to measure the swelling dynamics sequentially at different wavenumbers. The high sampling rate provides us with information on the reconformation of the brush at a higher temporal resolution than previously reported. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, we study the brush swelling dynamics as a reference experiment and to correct artefacts of the infrared measurement approach. This technique informs on the changes in the brush thickness and refractive index. Our results indicate that the swelling dynamics of the polymer brush are poorly described by Fickian diffusion, pointing toward more complicated underlying transport.
Fault diagnosis method and experimental research of reciprocating seal based on CFD-GAN-AE
Authors: Zhang Yi , Hu Ling , He Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hydraulic impactors are crucial for oil and gas exploration, but seal failure is a common issue, having an effective technique for diagnosing sealing faults can provide dependable operational and maintenance assistance for hydraulic impactors. However, identifying wear failures is challenging and there is limited data available, there has been significant interest in intelligent defect diagnosis technology that is based on deep learning in recent years. Therefore, we propose a method to enhance the data and identify faults through deep learning. Initially, the computer fluid dynamics method was used to simulate seal leakage and determine whether factors such as pressure can indicate varying levels of leaking in the seal, this approach provides a theoretical foundation for signal gathering experiments. Next, the empirical mode decomposition approach is used to separate the non-smooth pressure signal from the seal experiment, revealing fault features that indicate the extent of leakage. Finally, the improved generative adversarial network method is suggested to balance imbalanced samples by utilizing the sample overlap rate, it is paired with the auto-encoder algorithm to categorize different levels of leakage. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed methodology and several classical fault diagnosis methods. This work investigates seal damage through the lens of computational fluid dynamics and the fault identification of uneven seal samples is accomplished.
Correction of scatter in CBCT with a new grid design
Authors: Cui Han , Su Ting , Zhang Xin , Zhu Jiongtao , Tan Yuhang , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Ge Yongshuai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims at developing a simple and rapid Compton scatter correction approach for cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging. Approach. In this work, a new Compton scatter estimation model is established based on two distinct CBCT scans: one measures the full primary and scatter signals without anti-scatter grid (ASG), and the other measures a portion of primary and scatter signals with ASG. To accelerate the entire data acquisition speed, a half anti-scatter grid (h-ASG) that covers half of the full detector surface is proposed. As a result, the distribution of scattered x-ray photons could be estimated from a single CBCT scan. Physical phantom experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the newly proposed scatter correction approach. Main results. Results demonstrate that the proposed half grid approach can quickly and precisely estimate the distribution of scattered x-ray photons from only one single CBCT scan, resulting in a significant reduction of shading artifacts. In addition, it is found that the h-ASG approach is less sensitive to the grid transmission fractions, grid ratio and object size, indicating a robust performance of the new method. Significance. In the future, the Compton scatter artifacts can be quickly corrected using a half grid in CBCT imaging.
Development and validation of an MR-driven dose-of-the-day procedure for online adaptive radiotherapy in upper gastrointestinal cancer patients
Authors: Semeniuk Oleksii , Shessel Andrea , Velec Michael , Fodor Tudor , Rocca Cathy-Carpino , Barry Aisling , Lukovic Jelena , Yan Michael , Mesci Aruz , Kim John , Wong Rebecca , Dawson Laura A , Hosni Ali , Stanescu Teo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. To develop and validate a dose-of-the-day (DOTD) treatment plan verification procedure for liver and pancreas cancer patients treated with an magnetic resonance (MR)-Linac system. Approach. DOTD was implemented as an automated process that uses 3D datasets collected during treatment delivery. Particularly, the DOTD pipeline’s input included the adapt-to-shape (ATS) plan—i.e. 3D-MR dataset acquired at beginning of online session, anatomical contours, dose distribution—and 3D-MR dataset acquired during beam-on (BON). The DOTD automated analysis included (a) ATS-to-BON image intensity-based deformable image registration (DIR), (b) ATS-to-BON contours mapping via DIR, (c) BON-to-ATS contours copying through rigid registration, (d) determining ATS-to-BON dosimetric differences, and (e) PDF report generation. The DIR process was validated by two expert reviewers. ATS-plans were recomputed on BON datasets to assess dose differences. DOTD analysis was performed retrospectively for 75 treatment fractions (12-liver and 5-pancreas patients). Main results. The accuracy of DOTD process relied on DIR and mapped contours quality. Most DIR-generated contours (99.6%) were clinically acceptable. DICE correlated with depreciation of DIR-based region of interest mapping process. The ATS-BON plan difference was found negligible (<1%). The duodenum and large bowel exhibited highest variations, 24% and 39% from fractional values, for 5-fraction liver and pancreas. For liver 1-fraction, a 62% variation was observed for duodenum. Significance. The DOTD methodology provides an automated approach to quantify 3D dosimetric differences between online plans and their delivery. This analysis offers promise as a valuable tool for plan quality assessment and decision-making in the verification stage of the online workflow.
Long-term phase angle muscle imaging under electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) by phase angle electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Sun Bo , Sejati Prima Asmara , Shirai Tomoyuki , Takei Masahiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives. Phase angle muscle imaging has been proposed by phase angle electrical impedance tomography (ΦEIT) under electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for long-term monitoring of muscle quality improvement, especially focusing on calf muscles. Approach. In the experiments, twenty-four subjects are randomly assigned either to three groups: control group (CG, n = 8), low voltage intensity of EMS training group (LG, n = 8), and optimal voltage intensity of EMS training group (OG, n = 8). Main results. From the experimental results, phase angle distribution images Ф are cleared reconstructed by ФEIT as four muscle compartments over five weeks experiments, which are called the M
1 muscle compartments composed of gastrocnemius muscle, M
2 muscle compartments composed of soleus muscle, M
3 muscle compartments composed of tibialis-posterior muscle, flexor digitorum longus muscle, and flexor pollicis longus muscle, and M
4 muscle compartment composed of the tibialis anterior muscle, extensor digitorum longus muscle, and peroneus longus muscle. Ф is inversely correlated with age, namely the Ф decreases with increasing age. A paired samples t-test was conducted to elucidate the statistical significance of spatial-mean phase angle in all domain <Ф>Ω and in each muscle compartment <Ф>
M
with reference to the conventional phase angle Ф by bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle grey-scale G
muscle by ultrasound, and maximal dynamic strength S
Max by one-repetition maximum test. Significance. From the t-test results, <Ф>Ω have good correlation with Ф and S
Max. In the OG, <Ф
W5>Ω, Ф
W5, and (S
Max)W5 were significantly higher than in the first week (n = 8, p < 0.05). A significant increase in the phase angle of both M
1 and M
4 muscle compartments is observed after five weeks in LG and OG groups. Only the OG group shows a significant increase in the phase angle of M
2 muscle compartment after five weeks. However, no significant changes in the spatial-mean phase angle of M
3 compartment are observed in each group. In conclusion, ФEIT satisfactorily monitors the response of each compartment in calf muscle to long-term EMS training.
Cold ion effects in density-asymmetric collisionless magnetic reconnection
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Mao Aohua , He Xianglei , Divin Andrey , Zou Jitong , Wang Zhibin , Zhou Tianchun , Wang Xiaogang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The coexistence of low-energy (cold) ions and thermal (warm) ions is commonly observed in space and laboratory plasmas, such as those in magnetopause and fusion fueling processes. In certain events, the cold ion proportion may play a crucial role in plasma processes, especially magnetic reconnection. In this paper, magnetic reconnection with density-asymmetric cold ions is investigated in implicit particle-in-cell (iPIC) simulations. It is found that in such events the reconnection rate decreases as the cold ion distribution depth into the current sheet increases, mainly due to the mass-loading effect. Particularly, a density-peak structure of cold ions is developed in the reconnection region owing to the bounce motion of cold ions entering from the opposite inflow region. In the y–vy
phase space where the y-direction is normal to the current sheet, a cold ion ring structure related to the bounce motion is formed and amplified by the Hall electric field. Furthermore, the cold ions become a notable current carrier due to its shorter inertial scale than the warm ions. Consequently, the asymmetry of the cold ion distribution significantly breaks the symmetry in the Hall magnetic field, eventually leading to asymmetric cold ion density peak structure. Such structures can be taken as significant signals of cold ion existence in in situ spacecraft observations.
Bolt looseness localization with connection-stiffness-varying flange
Authors: Huang Hao , He Qingbo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electromechanical impedance analysis is a traditional method to identify the occurrence of bolt looseness, but accurate localization of blot looseness is hard to realize on the flange. In this study, a flange model with bolt connection stiffness varying with position is proposed. The location of bolt looseness can be then determined from the impedance spectrum of the model since the uniformity and symmetry of the flange are broken. The analytic model is established to reveal the distinguishability of the eigenfrequency shifting characteristics when the connection stiffness at different positions changes. The frequency shifting sequence is extracted from the coupling impedance spectrum as a feature, and the correlation between the sequences corresponding to bolt looseness at different positions is low. The relationship between the sequence and the degree of looseness is highly related so that the unknown degree of looseness can be matched with the calibrated sequence to realize the localization of the looseness. Based on the distinguishability of the frequency shifting sequence, the connection-stiffness-varying model shows great potential in the field of flanges or other connecting structures for structural health monitoring and damage localization.
High-Q film bulk acoustic resonator with high quality AlN film based on transfer method
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Gao Chao , Yang Chaoxiang , Yang Tingting , Liu Yan , Ma Ye , Ren Xiaoning , Cai Yao , Sun Chengliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Thin film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) with high quality factor (Q) is preferred for many communication applications. AlN film deposited in conventional FBAR fabrication process is poor, resulting in unsatisfactory device performance. This study demonstrated the comparison of two Si-substrate FBARs, adopting the same AlN deposition process by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, however using different device fabrication method. Instead of depositing AlN film on Mo/SiO2/Si substrate in existing fabrication process, we deposited AlN directly on Si substrate by PVD to get better crystal quality piezoelectric layer of the FBAR. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of rocking curve and surface roughness of AlN directly deposited on Si substrate are 1.4° and 1.96 nm, while those of AlN deposited on Mo/SiO2/Si substrate are 8.5° and 5.54 nm, respectively, indicating AlN deposited directly on Si substrate has a better crystal quality than that on Mo/SiO2/Si substrate. The dielectric loss of FBAR using AlN developed on Si substrate decreases from 0.4 Ω to 0.11 Ω leading to the increase of Q

m
from 470 to 830. By preserving the high quality AlN deposited on Si substate with film transfer method, the FBAR device enjoys an increasing of Q-values as high as 76%.
Mehler-Heine asymptotics and zeros of some Meijer G-functions
Authors: Mañas–Mañas Juan F , Moreno–Balcázar Juan J , Rodríguez–Perales Cristina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this contribution we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the zeros of some Meijer G–functions. To achieve this, we analyze the Mehler–Heine asymptotics for these G–functions. The findings are then illustrated through numerical experiments.
Interfacial physico-chemical equilibrium control of lotus-type pore formation in solid
Authors: Ou Y T , Wei P S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study presents a challenging analysis of interfacial equilibrium conditions that control the evolution of lotus-type pores in both metals and nonmetals during solidification. It incorporates Henry’s or Sieverts’ law, affecting solute transfer at the cap and top free surface, and pore evolution. The significance of the directional and lightweight characteristics of lotus-type porous materials makes them vitally important in functional heat sinks, energy absorption, biomedical devices, and other applications. The study extends previous solute transfer models based on solute concentration deviations in the liquid from the top surface and convection-affected segregation at the advancing liquid–solid interface by further considering the effects of interfacial equilibrium conditions on pore development. Typical data selected for the dimensionless Henry’s law constant at the cap and top free surface is 0.175, while the Sieverts’ law constant at the cap and top free surface is 0.03. MATLAB Simulink and Simscape (version R2020b) with the solver ode113 are utilized to solve the resulting simultaneous system of unsteady first-order differential equations. The results show that the size of lotus-type pores increases as the Henry’s law constant at the cap decreases while the Henry’s law constant at the top free surface increases. Similar results are observed for Sieverts’ law. Lotus-type pores readily form as the Henry’s law constant at the cap increases while that at the top free surface decreases. The lotus pore length can also be determined and interpreted algebraically using solute content conservation. The model’s predictions closely match analytical findings previously validated by experimental data
A Big Ring on the sky
Authors: Lopez A.M. , Clowes R.G. , Williger G.M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present the discovery of `A Big Ring on the Sky' (BR), the
second ultra-large large-scale structure (uLSS) found in Mg II-absorber catalogues, following the previously reported Giant Arc
(GA). In cosmological terms the BR is close to the GA — at the same
redshift z ∼ 0.8 and with a separation on the sky of only ∼
12°. Two extraordinary uLSSs in such close configuration raises the
possibility that together they form an even more extraordinary cosmological
system. The BR is a striking circular, annulus-like, structure of diameter
∼ 400 Mpc (proper size, present epoch). The method of discovery is as
described in the GA paper, but here using the new Mg II-absorber
catalogues restricted to DR16Q quasars. Using the Convex Hull of Member
Spheres (CHMS) algorithm, we estimate that the annulus and inner absorbers
of the BR have departures from random expectations, at the density of the
control field, of up to 5.2σ. We present the discovery of the BR,
assess its significance using the CHMS, Minimal Spanning Tree (MST),
FilFinder and Cuzick & Edwards (CE) methods, discuss it in the context of the
GA+BR system, and suggest some implications for the origins of uLSS and for
our understanding of cosmology. For example, it may be that unusual
geometric patterns, such as these uLSSs, have an origin in cosmic strings.
CMB spectrum in unified EFT of dark energy: scalar-tensor and vector-tensor theories
Authors: Aoki Katsuki , Gorji Mohammad Ali , Hiramatsu Takashi , Mukohyama Shinji , Pookkillath Masroor C. , Takahashi Kazufumi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation in the unified description of the effective field theory (EFT) of dark energy that accommodates both scalar-tensor and vector-tensor theories. The boundaries of different classes of theories are universally parameterised by a new EFT parameter αV characterising the vectorial nature of dark energy and a set of consistency relations associated with the global/local shift symmetry. After implementing the equations of motion in a Boltzmann code, as a demonstration, we compute the CMB power spectrum based on the wCDM background with the EFT parameterisation of perturbations and a concrete Horndeski/generalised Proca theory. We show that the vectorial nature generically prevents modifications of gravity in the CMB spectrum. On the other hand, while the shift symmetry is less significant in the perturbation equations unless the background is close to the ΛCDM, it requires that the effective equation of state of dark energy is in the phantom region w
DE<-1. The latter is particularly interesting in light of the latest result of the DESI+CMB combination as the observational verification of w
DE>-1 can rule out shift-symmetric theories including vector-tensor theories in one shot.
Fast identification of transients: applying expectation maximization to neutrino data
Authors: Karl M. , Eller P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a novel method for identifying transients suitable for both strong signal-dominated and background-dominated objects. By employing the unsupervised machine learning algorithm known as expectation maximization, we achieve computing time reductions of over 104 on a single CPU compared to conventional brute-force methods. Furthermore, this approach can be readily extended to analyze multiple flares. We illustrate the algorithm's application by fitting the IceCube neutrino flare of TXS 0506+056.
Testing scale-invariant inflation against cosmological data
Authors: Cecchini Chiara , De Angelis Mariaveronica , Giarè William , Rinaldi Massimiliano , Vagnozzi Sunny 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is solid theoretical and observational motivation behind the idea of scale-invariance as a fundamental symmetry of Nature. We consider a recently proposed classically scale-invariant inflationary model, quadratic in curvature and featuring a scalar field non-minimally coupled to gravity. We go beyond earlier analytical studies, which showed that the model predicts inflationary observables in qualitative agreement with data, by solving the full two-field dynamics of the system — this allows us to corroborate previous analytical findings and set robust constraints on the model's parameters using the latest Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data fromPlanckandBICEP/Keck. We demonstrate that scale-invariance constrains the two-field trajectory such that the effective dynamics are that of a single field, resulting in vanishing entropy perturbations and protecting the model from destabilization effects. We derive tight upper limits on the non-minimal coupling strength, excluding conformal coupling at high significance. By explicitly sampling over them, we demonstrate an overall insensitivity to initial conditions. We argue that the modelpredictsa minimal level of primordial tensor modes set byr≳ 0.003, well within the reach of next-generation CMB experiments. These will therefore provide a litmus test of scale-invariant inflation, and we comment on the possibility of distinguishing the model from Starobinsky and α-attractor inflation. Overall, we argue that scale-invariant inflation is in excellent health, and possesses features which make it an interesting benchmark for tests of inflation from future CMB data.