bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AND THEIR MUTUAL RELATIONSHIP IN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS
Authors: Užík Martin , Žofajová Alžbeta 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Field experiments with 12 winter wheat cultivars, which differed in N grain concentration, were established with three variants of N fertilisation (N0 = 0 kg N/ha, N1 = 100 kg N/ha, N2 = 200 kg N/ha) in the vegetative years 2004/05 and 2005/06 in Piestany (Borovce). The aims of experiment were to find out the effect of N applied (Nf) and available N (Nfs) on differences in N uptake and N utilisation. From the primary data of traits, grain yield (GY kg/ha), biomass production (BP kg/ha), and N concentration in grain (Ng) and in straw (Ns), other characteristics (NUP, NUE, NUTE) for available and applied N (Nfs, Nf, respectively) were calculated. In available N, significant differences were seen among cultivars in all characteristics but in applied N differences in NUP and NUTE among cultivars were not significant. Genetic correlations among traits and characteristics were modified by N environment. Grain N concentration (Ng) was, at the low N rate, in a negative correlation with NUE (r = -0.683+) and in a strong negative correlation with NUTE (r = -0.956++). At a high N rate, these correlations had the same character, but were weaker and not significant (r = -0.560 and r = 0.570). Grain N concentration (Ng) was more determined by efficiency of N translocation than by quantity of N uptake. Selection on the higher NUPE and NUE will be limited by negative correlation between BP and N biomass concentration and by low genetic variability of all characteristics of N uptake and utilisation.
Predisposition of drought occurrence in selected arid areas of the Czech Republic
Authors: Stredová Hana , Rožnovský Jaroslav , Streda Tomáš 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Predisposition of drought occurrence is based on combined evaluation of above-normal temperatures and below-normal precipitation. According to the weight of the individual categories of extremity, the five degrees of predisposition to drought were determined (degree 1 is the lowest risk, degree 5 is the highest risk). Evaluation of temperature extremity is based on the determination of abnormality in comparison with average value and standard deviation. Individual categories of extremity of precipitation are determined by comparing the individual monthly data with percentile values. Monthly data of homogenized technical series of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute were evaluated for the years 1961-2010 in two climatologically dry areas (Breclav and Kladno county in the Czech Republic). Fourty-two months were rated risky in Breclav county and fourty-four in Kladno county. The evaluation shows an increase of predisposition to drought, especially after 1990. The highest incidence of degree 5 was recorded in 2001 to 2010 in vegetation season. Subsequently the drought variability as a mean variance of years/season and drought severity as a sum of degree of predisposition to drought of years/season were assessed. A gradual increase of variability and severity from 1961-1970 to 2001-2010 is visible. The lowest values of variability (maximum 2) and severity (maximum 3) in both counties were recorded in winter.
THE CONTROL OF FRACTIONAL RESERVE LIMITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM WITH REFERENCE TO NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
Authors: Draper Thomas 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper will examine the control of fractional reserve limits in the United Kingdom. It will first state the international context; second, the requirements for auditing banks in the United Kingdom; third, the teams involved in such auditing; fourth, the accounts produced for submission to a regulatory body; and fifth, the daily balance that banks provide with a discussion of stress testing. Lastly, conclusions will be drawn and recommendations made.
Energy research in the Czech Republic – comparison of R&D expenditure and results with foreign countries
Authors: Kučera Zdeněk , Vondrák Tomáš 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Energy research is one of the fields of the National Priorities of Oriented Research, Experimental Development and Innovations. The Czech Republic is facing rather ambitious targets in the utilization of renewable energy resources, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and improvement of the overall energetic efficiency of the national economy. The fulfilling of these goals will require an intensive R&D in a broad spectrum of disciplines and technology fields. The present article evaluates the extent and the structure of the support of the energy research in the Czech Republic and brings comparisons with foreign countries both in expenditure and results in various research fields. The Czech Republic spends relatively more public resources in the nuclear technology research. It is accompanied by higher publication activities. It is in a stark contrast with significantly lower patenting activities in this field, except of the branch of non-fossil fuel production, in comparison with both the World and EU-27 countries.
An attempt to use the peritoneal cavity fluid in the diagnostics of acid-base balance disorders in dogs
Authors: Glińska-Suchocka K. , Sławuta P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The acid-base balance parameters (ABB) of blood are used in the diagnostics and therapy of acidosis or alkalosis type disorders. Nowadays, some reports on the attempts to use the body cavity fluid for the diagnostics of the ABB disorders have appeared in the human medicine. The study has aimed at comparing the acid-base balance parameters (ABB): pH, pCO2, and HCO3 - determined in the arterial blood and the fluid from the peritoneal cavity in dogs. The study was carried out on 20 dogs suffering from ascites developed as a result of the chronic renal failure. 1 ml of full blood was drawn from each dog from its femoral artery to a heparinized syringe equipped with a needle with an internal diameter of 0.7 mm and the puncture of the abdominal cavity was carried out in the white line. In the sample of arterial blood and the sample of the abdominal cavity fluid drawn the ABB parameters were determined. In the group examined, the ABB parameters determined for the arterial blood and the fluid had comparable numeric values and the same nature of the ABB disorder diagnosed on the basis of them. The conclusions are as follows: the results of the effusion fluid gasometry depend on the mechanism of the fluid formation and, in the case when it comes from the developed capillary network, a pressure of gases and remaining ABB parameters are similar to those determined for the arterial blood.
Effect of commercial long-term extenders on metabolic activity and membrane integrity of boar spermatozoa stored at 17°C
Authors: Dziekońska A. , Fraser L. , Majewska A. , Lecewicz M. , Zasiadczyk Ł. , Kordan W. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This study was aimed to analyze the metabolic activity and membrane integrity of boar spermatozoa following storage in long-term semen extenders. Boar semen was diluted with AndrohepR EnduraGuardTM (AeG), DILU-Cell (DC), SafeCell PlusTM (SCP) and Vitasem LD (VLD) extenders and stored for 10 days at 17oC. Parameters of the analyzed sperm metabolic activity included total motility (TMOT), progressive motility (PMOT), high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content, whereas those of the membrane integrity included plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and normal apical ridge (NAR) acrosome. Extender type was a significant (P < 0.05) source of variation in all the analyzed sperm parameters, except for ATP content. Furthermore, the storage time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the sperm metabolic activity and membrane integrity during semen storage. In all extenders the metabolic activity and membrane integrity of the stored spermatozoa decreased continuously over time. Among the four analyzed extenders, AeG and SCP showed the best performance in terms of TMOT and PMI on Days 5, 7 and 10 of storage. Marked differences in the proportions of spermatozoa with high MMP were observed between the extenders, particularly on Day 10 of storage. There were not any marked differences in sperm ATP content between the extenders, regardless of the storage time. Furthermore, the percentage of spermatozoa with NAR acrosomes decreased during prolonged storage, being markedly lower in DC-diluted semen compared with semen diluted with either AeG or SCP extender. The results of this study indicated that components of the long-term extenders have different effects on the sperm functionality and prolonged semen longevity by delaying the processes associated with sperm ageing during liquid storage.
Impact of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation on percentage of T and B cells in chicken
Authors: Chrząstek K. , Piasecki T. , Wieliczko A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
TLR stimulation in chickens has been shown to play a role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The aim of this study was to use flow cytometry to establish the percentage of T and B subset in blood and lymphoid organs in chicks after CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) stimulation. It was demonstrated that the percentages of CD3+, CD4+, TCRγ δ+ cells and Bu-1+MHC class II+ cells in blood 24 h post-injection were significantly higher than in the control groups. It was also shown that the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in the spleen at 48 h post-injection were significantly higher than in control groups. The percentage of Bu-1+ cells in the bursa of Fabricius after CpG ODN stimulation (98.38 ± 0.84) was significantly higher than that found in the non-CpG ODN control group (94.54 ± 2.51) (p ≤ 0.05). The results indicate that class B CpG ODN increases the percentage of both T (especially CD4+ cells) and B cells.
Meat quality, some hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of finishing pigs assigned to different carcass conformation classes in the SEUROP system
Authors: Śmiecińska K. , Sobotka W. , Daszkiewicz T. , Hnatyk N. , Fiedorowicz E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The results of laboratory analyses, including the proximate composition, physicochemical and sensory properties of meat from the studied pigs, point to its high processing suitability and eating quality. Hematological indicators in the blood of the analyzed animal groups were within the reference ranges, excluding MCHC levels which were somewhat elevated. Significant differences were observed in Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and WBC values, subject to the meat content of the carcass. Biochemical parameters such as glucose concentrations, ALT and AST activity levels varied considerably between groups, and average ALT values somewhat exceeded the norm for the species. These results, including significant variations in selected parameters, can probably be attributed to homeostatic changes in pigs during intensive growth.
The evolution of bluetongue virus: genetic and phenotypic diversity of field strains
Authors: Niedbalski W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBluetongue virus (BTV), the aetiological agent of bluetongue (BT), is a small (about 70 nm in diameter) icosahedral virus with a genome composed of ten linear segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which is packaged within an icosahedral nucleocapsid composed of seven structural proteins. The BTV genome evolves rapidly via genetic drift, reassortment of genome segments (genetic shift) and intragenic recombination. This evolution, and random fixation of quasispecies variants during transmission of BTV between susceptible animals and vectors appear to be the main mechanism leading to the observed genetic diversity amongst BTV field strains. The individual BTV gene segments evolve independently of one another by genetic drift in a host-specific fashion, generating quasispecies populations in both ruminant and insect hosts. Reassortment of BTV genes is responsible for genetic shift among strains of BTV, and has been demonstrated after infection of either the ruminant host or insect vector with different strains or serotypes of BTV. Intragenetic recombination, whereby mosaic genes are generated from the “splicing” together of homologous genes from different ancestral viral strains, has been demonstrated for BTV. The genetic variation of BTV is likely responsible for differences in the virulence and other phenotypic properties of individual field strains of the virus.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO TEACHING PACKAGING DESIGN USING THE EXAMPLE OF MINERAL WATER SUPPLY CHAINS
Authors: Lestyánszka Škůrková Katarína , Bajor Peter , Trafela Sabrina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Designing the packaging of a product has many critical factors. In our paper, we present some of them on the example of a simple product: mineral water. In spite of the fact that today not only products, but also supply chains are competing with each other, designers sometimes pay little attention to considering the packaging system not only from the customer and the producer side, but for warehousing and transportation as well. We cover a lot of “what can go wrong” scenarios on the example of mineral water packaging for the purpose of defining the critical points in the supply chain.
APPLYING DATA MINING METHODS IN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SYSTEM OF RANDOM PROCESSES
Authors: Horalová Kalinová Michaela , Michaľčonok German 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of applying data mining techniques to the problem of the structural relationships analysis in the system of stationary random processes. In this paper, we will define the basic problem areas of analysis of structural relationships and we will show how to solve these problems by the methods of data mining. Individual solutions to selected problem areas will be demonstrated on a model which was designed in MATLAB. In the experiment, we will identify the existence and the nature of the process relationships in the system of stationary random processes based on the results of analyses.
Palpomyia ryszardi sp. n. from Peru (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Spinelli Gustavo R. , Ronderos María M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
A new species of the Palpomyia tibialis group, Palpomyia ryszardi, is described from male and female specimens and from their pupal exuviae from material collected in the vicinities of Iquitos in Peruvian Amazonia. The adult is compared with the most similar Neotropical congener, Palpomyia pseudolacustris SPINELLI & DIPPOLITO, and the pupa with the American species Palpomyia subaspera (COQUILLETT). Descriptions are accompanied by photographs and ink illustrations.
Dasysyrphus neovenustus sp. n. (Diptera: Syrphidae) a new species in the venustus species group
Authors: Soszyński Bogusław , Mielczarek Lukasz Emil , Tofilski Adam 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Both sexes of Dasysyrphus neovenustus sp. n. are described and illustrated, and the characters separating them from the similar D. venustus are given. The distinctiveness of the new species is confirmed also by geometric morphometric analysis of the wing venation. The new species is known from Poland and Siberia (Russia).
„TAM, GDZIE PACYFIK POTULNIE WPŁYWA DO RUDAWY” / WHERE THE PACIFIC OCEAN FLOWS INTO THE RUDAWA RIVER
Authors: Rogoż Michał 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Poetic space is one of the key categories of poetic expression and critical interpretation. Its construction reflects the poet’s perception of reality and his experiences, both in their biographical and conceptual aspects. Although Wisława Szymborska’s poems contain only few references to her private life, the appropriation of ‘alien’ places is an important feature of her poetic expression. She examines closely the workings of both natural and human history as they have shaped and left their mark on the landscape. While doing it, she usually assumes the persona of a scientist or a tourist. Though focused on a particular place, her poems always strive to go beyond the local horizon. It is as if the geography opened up to and needed to be complemented by a deeper anthropological experience. At the same time, the momentum of the transcendental reflection turns many of Szymborska’s poems into elements of a somewhat formalized poetic treatise.
« Adieu veaux, vaches... » Évolution de la paysannerie en Lozère à travers la production et la commercialisation des bovins (1985).
Authors: Lamaison Pierre 
Published: January 2014

"Goodbye Heiffers, Cows... " The Evolution of Peasantry in Lozère in View of the
Production and Commercialization of Cattle (1985).

From 1960 until 1980, significant tansformations in the way of life and standard of living occured among the peasants of Lozère. Their holdings get larger, tillage has been modernized and productions adapted to new demands, particularly to the Italian one since the establishing of the E.E.C. This evolution has been initiated by a process that has also provoqued a serious economical dépendance (because of exagerate specialization), a deterioration of human relations (because of constant decrease of the farmers population) and of local commercial networks. The moutain might be deserted after one generation.
Carte, désignations territoriales, sens commun géographique : les "noms de pays" selon Lucien Gallois
Authors: Chamboredon Jean-Claude 
Published: January 2014

A partir d'une étude du livre de Lucien Gallois. Régions naturelles et noms de pays... (1908) et des premiers éléments d'une enquête, l'auteur, sociologue, soutient :
- que Gallois, ignoré des sociologues et rarement cité par les géographes n'a pas été lu par les premiers et l'a été trop vite par les seconds ;
- que, pour qui se donne la peine de le lire, il y a dans cet ouvrage non seulement une critique des régionalisations construites par les géographes mais aussi les éléments d'une théorie de l'appartenance territoriale et de la conscience géographique collective et "spontanée" (avec ses errements, sa labilité. sa vérité) ;
- que la géographie historique "à l'ancienne" n'est pas très différente de la géographie politique voire de la moderne géo-politique et que Gallois, disciple et collègue de Vidal de la Blache, est plus proche de Reclus (élève de Ritter) et de Ratzel qu'on ne croit.
What's It Worth? Selling Chaucer's Canterbury Tales in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Edwards A. S. G. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article examines the selling of manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales in the twentieth century. It concludes that these manuscripts never achieved any high degree of commercial success and examines the factors that seem to have contributed to that inability to attract high prices. It also contrasts the relative failure of manuscripts of Chaucer's work to achieve substantial prices in the marketplace with the much higher prices that were paid at auction in the same period for copies of Caxton's printed editions of his poem.
Chaucer's Prudent Poetics:
Authors: Yeager Stephen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The character Prudence in Chaucer's Tale of Melibee prudently explains to her husband Melibee that he ought to be merciful, interpreting the text's events for him as they unfold. However, her interpretive methodology poses many problems to the reader. Prudence confuses her twin roles as human wife and allegorical virtue; both the content and manner of her speech can sometimes contradict her own advice, and it is far from clear at the end of the story that her husband has actually learned anything. The implication of this incoherence is that interpretive methodologies themselves are the problem. It is Melibee's strict, moralizing adherence to the precise words used by Prudence and his counselors that leads him towards violence and revenge, while Prudence's looser and somewhat contradictory interpretations of proverbial wisdom nonetheless culminate in a clear, consistent notion of charitable mercy.
The Lady, the Goddess, and the Text of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Authors: Warner Lawrence 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This essay argues in favor of two emendations concerning women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: of MS “Þaʒ I [i.e., the lady] were burde bryʒtest, þe burde in mynde hade” (line 1283) to “Þaʒ [ho] were burde bryзtest, þe bur[n]e in mynde hade,” adopted by many editors but under increasing pressure in recent years; and of the convoluted MS passage in which Bertilak reveals the role of Morgan le Fay (lines 2445-55) to the clearer one resulting from Gollancz's addition of a line whereby he says that through her might he was transmogrified.
Banking on Democracy
Authors: Santiso Javier 
Published: January 2014

A data-driven investigation of the interaction between politics and finance in emerging markets, focusing on Latin America.
Politics matter for financial markets and financial markets matter for politics, and nowhere is this relationship more apparent than in emerging markets. In Banking on Democracy, Javier Santiso investigates the links between politics and finance in countries that have recently experienced both economic and democratic transitions. He focuses on elections, investigating whether there is a “democratic premium”—whether financial markets and investors tend to react positively to elections in emerging markets.
Santiso devotes special attention to Latin America, where over the last three decades many countries became democracies, with regular elections, just as they also became open economies dependent on foreign capital and dominated bond markets. Santiso's analysis draws on a unique set of primary databases (developed during his years at the OECD Development Centre) covering an entire decade: more than 5,000 bank and fund manager portfolio recommendations on emerging markets.
Santiso examines the trajectory of Brazil, for example, through its presidential elections of 2002, 2006, and 2010 and finds a decoupling of financial and political cycles that occurred also in many other emerging economies. He charts this evolution through the behavior of brokers, analysts, fund managers, and bankers. Ironically, Santiso points out, while some emerging markets have decoupled politics and finance, in the wake of the 2008–2012 financial crisis many developed economies (Europe and the United States) have experienced a recoupling between finance and politics.
Determination of particulate organic carbon sources to the surface mixed layer of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Brown Kristina A. , McLaughlin Fiona , Tortell Philippe D. , Varela Diana E. , Yamamoto‐Kawai Michiyo , Hunt Brian , Francois Roger 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStable isotope ratios of particulate organic carbon (POC), together with other tracers, were analyzed in samples from the Canada Basin surface mixed layer in 2008 and 2009. Sampling was conducted during the end of the 2008 melt season and at the beginning of the 2009 freezeup under a variety of surface conditions, including open water, newly formed seasonal ice, and multiyear ice. In both years, POC exhibited a wide isotopic range (δ13C‐POC −24.5 to −31.1‰), with the most isotopically depleted material generally found in the central basin. Isotopically enriched material was found on the shelves, consistent with higher biological production and strongly correlated with in situ carbon‐uptake rates. In contrast, offshore in the central basin, there was no significant relationship between δ13C‐POC distributions and either chlorophyll a or aqueous CO2 concentrations, suggesting that in situ biological production was not the dominant control. Analysis of freshwater sources suggested that the sea ice melt contribution of POC to surface waters in the central Canada Basin exerted a negligible influence on δ13C‐POC distributions, and instead isotopically depleted POC in the surface waters of the central Canada Basin were sourced externally through advective transport of riverine organic matter. We show that alkalinity and meteoric water content can be used to distinguish POC inputs from North American and Russian rivers and our analysis suggests that Russian river inputs are the predominant source of 13C‐depleted organic matter to the mixed layer of the central Canada Basin.