bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial-impregnated and -coated shunt catheters for prevention of infections in patients with hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Konstantelias Athanasios A. , Vardakas Konstantinos Z. , Polyzos Konstantinos A. , Tansarli Giannoula S. , Falagas Matthew E. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial-impregnated and -coated shunt catheters (antimicrobial catheters) in reducing the risk of infection in patients undergoing CSF shunting or ventricular drainage.

METHODS
The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched. Catheter implantation was classified as either shunting (mainly ventriculoperitoneal shunting) or ventricular drainage (mainly external [EVD]). Studies evaluating antibioticimpregnated catheters (AICs), silver-coated catheters (SCCs), and hydrogel-coated catheters (HCCs) were included. A random effects model meta-analysis was performed.

RESULTS
Thirty-six studies (7 randomized and 29 nonrandomized, 16,796 procedures) were included. The majority of data derive from studies on the effectiveness of AICs, followed by studies on the effectiveness of SCCs. Statistical heterogeneity was observed in several analyses. Antimicrobial shunt catheters (AICs, SCCs) were associated with lower risk for CSF catheter–associated infections than conventional catheters (CCs) (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.35–0.56). Fewer infections developed in the patients treated with antimicrobial catheters regardless of randomization, number of participating centers, funding, shunting or ventricular drainage, definition of infections, de novo implantation, and rate of infections in the study. There was no difference regarding gram-positive bacteria, all staphylococci, coagulase-negative streptococci, and Staphylococcus aureus, when analyzed separately. On the contrary, the risk for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, RR 2.64, 95% CI 1.26–5.51), nonstaphylococcal (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.22–2.52), and gram-negative bacterial (RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.33–3.43) infections increased with antimicrobial shunt catheters.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on data mainly from nonrandomized studies, AICs and SCCs reduce the risk for infection in patients undergoing CSF shunting. Future studies should evaluate the higher risk for MRSA and gram-negative infections. Additional trials are needed to investigate the comparative effectiveness of the different types of antimicrobial catheters.
Complications following cranioplasty: incidence and predictors in 348 cases
Authors: Zanaty Mario , Chalouhi Nohra , Starke Robert M. , Clark Shannon W. , Bovenzi Cory D. , Saigh Mark , Schwartz Eric , Kunkel Emily S. I. , Efthimiadis-Budike Alexandra S. , Jabbour Pascal , Dalyai Richard , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
The factors that contribute to periprocedural complications following cranioplasty, including patient-specific and surgery-specific factors, need to be thoroughly assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors that predispose patients to an increased risk of cranioplasty complications and death.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients at their institution who underwent cranioplasty following craniectomy for stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and trauma between January 2000 and December 2011. The following predictors were tested: age, sex, race, diabetic status, hypertensive status, tobacco use, reason for craniectomy, urgency status of the craniectomy, graft material, and location of cranioplasty. The cranioplasty complications included reoperation for hematoma, hydrocephalus postcranioplasty, postcranioplasty seizures, and cranioplasty graft infection. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Confidence intervals were calculated as the 95% CI.

RESULTS
Three hundred forty-eight patients were included in the study. The overall complication rate was 31.32% (109 of 348). The mortality rate was 3.16%. Predictors of overall complications in multivariate analysis were hypertension (OR 1.92, CI 1.22–3.02), increasing age (OR 1.02, CI 1.00–1.04), and hemorrhagic stroke (OR 3.84, CI 1.93–7.63). Predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis were diabetes mellitus (OR 7.56, CI 1.56–36.58), seizures (OR 7.25, CI 1.238–42.79), bifrontal cranioplasty (OR 5.40, CI 1.20–24.27), and repeated surgery for hematoma evacuation (OR 13.00, CI 1.51–112.02). Multivariate analysis was also applied to identify the variables that affect the development of seizures, the need for reoperation for hematoma evacuation, the development of hydrocephalus, and the development of infections.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors' goal was to provide the neurosurgeon with predictors of morbidity and mortality that could be incorporated in the clinical decision-making algorithm. Control of a patient's risk factors and early recognition of complications may help practitioners avoid the exhaustive list of complications.
Effect of potato (Solanum tuberosum) meal on broiler production
Authors: Sakib N , Sultana F , Howlider MAR , Rana MS 
Published: March 2015

The study was conducted to find out the performance of broiler birds fed different levels of potato meal (PM). The levels of potato meal in the different treatment rations were control 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg, respectively. Dietary levels of PM did not affect live weight at 7, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age. However, live weight of broiler differed significantly (p<0.05) among different levels of PM in the diet at 14 days of age and increasing level of PM had a tendency to decrease live weight between 7 and 14 days of age. Feed intake increased linearly with the increasing level of dietary PM (p<0.05) up to 35 days of age followed by a decline at 42 days of age. At 14 days of age, feed intake in control diet and 10g PM diets were similar and intermediate, it was highest in 15g PM and lowest on 5g PM diet. However, feed intake did not differ (p>0.05) among different levels of PM in diet at 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased between 7 and 14 days of age with the least conversion observed at 15 g/kg PM level. FCR didnt differ significantly (p<0.05) among different levels of PM in diet. Mortality did not alter due to the increasing levels of PM regardless of age of broiler. Dietary PM did not modify the dressing yield, breast meat, thigh meat and other carcass traits. Feed cost in different dietary PM groups were more or less similar, whereas total production cost per kg broiler were increased in 10 % Potato Meal than control (p<0.05). However, sale price (Taka/broiler) and sale price (Taka/kg broiler) were more or less similar in all treatments. Profit per broiler and per kg broiler were reduced as the PM level increased in the diet. It was therefore concluded that use of potato meal at 5 to 15g/kg diet may not be suitable for growth and profitability in broiler production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i3.21647 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (3): 192-196
Effect of di-calcium phosphate on calcium balance and body condition score of dairy cows fed Napier grass
Authors: Rahman MZ , Ali MY , Huque KS , Talukder MAI 
Published: March 2015

A research work was undertaken to evaluate the feeding effects of di-calcium phosphate (DCP) on calcium balance and body condition score of dairy cows fed Napier grass. The trial was conducted in the village Alokdiar of Shajadpur upazilla under Sirajgonj district. Twenty crossbred lactating dairy cows of 320 ±15.5 kg live weight were used for the trial. Animals were equally and randomly allocated into four groups, T0 (Napier+concentrate), T1 (Napier+concentrate+100g DCP), T2 (Napier+concentrate+150g DCP) and T3 (Napier+concentrate+200g DCP). Total DMI did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among the groups but highly significant differences (p<0.01) were found in Ca intake. Ca balance; and Ca in feces, Ca in urine, Ca in milk and total Ca excretion differed significantly (p<0.05). No significant difference (p>0.05) was found in DM in feces (%), DM in feces (kg/d) and milk production (L) among the treatment groups except urine excretion. There was a linear increase of body condition score (BCS) with DCP (T1, T2 and T3), but BCS was linearly declined in non DCP diet (T0). Diets with 150g DCP may be suggested for optimizing Calcium balance and body condition score of dairy cows fed Napier grasses.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i3.21648 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (3): 197-201
Effects of heat-treated Jack beans on the performance characteristics and hematology profile in the commercial broiler
Authors: Akanji AM , Ogungbesan AM 
Published: March 2015

The PDF from another article was originally loaded for this article by mistake and on 9th February 2015 the correct PDF was loaded.A study was carried out to assess the effects of aqueousheated and dryheated Jack beans on the growth, hematology, serum metabolites and enzymes of broiler chickens. Jack beans were processed by aqueous heating into two different batches. In the first batch of aqueousheated Jack beans (AHJB1), raw seeds were soaked in distilled water for 48 hrs prior to cooking in fresh water for 1 hr The second batch (AHJB2) had raw Jack beans soaked in distilled water for 48 hrs prior to 2 hrs cooking at 1 hr interval. In preparing the dryheated Jack beans (DHJB), the raw seeds were roasted in an oven at 120°C for 30 minutes. Four hundred and twenty (420) broiler chicks of ANAK strain were randomly allotted to seven dietary groups. The aqueous  heated and dryheated Jack beans were incorporated in to the diets at 15% and 30% levels respectively. Higher residual amounts of canavanine, trypsin inhibitor and haemagglutinin were retained in DHJB. The Performance characteristics showed significant (P<0.05) reductions in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of birds fed 15% and 30% AHJB1 and DHJB, and 30% AHJB2, respectively. Blood studies revealed marked reductions (P<0.05) in red blood cells, packed cell volume and hemoglobin of birds fed DHJB diets. Over all, the best significant improvements in the response indices were obtained in birds fed 15% AHJB2 as the birds fed on the diet compared favorably with the control group.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i3.21650 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (3): 207-212
Extracellular vesicles, tissue factor, cancer and thrombosis – discussion themes of the ISEV 2014 Educational Day
Authors: Gardiner Chris , Harrison Paul , Belting Mattias , Böing Anita , Campello Elena , Carter Bob S. , Collier Mary E. , Coumans Frank , Ettelaie Camille , van Es Nick , Hochberg Fred H. , Mackman Nigel , Rennert Robert C. , Thaler Johannes , Rak Janusz , Nieuwland Rienk 
Published: March 2015

Although the association between cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has long been known, the mechanisms are poorly understood. Circulating tissue factor–bearing extracellular vesicles have been proposed as a possible explanation for the increased risk of VTE observed in some types of cancer. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) held a joint Educational Day in April 2014 to discuss the latest developments in this field. This review discusses the themes of that event and the ISEV 2014 meeting that followed.
Medical students and interns’ knowledge about and attitude towards homosexuality
Authors: Banwari G , Mistry K , Soni A , Parikh N , Gandhi H 
Published: March 2015

Background and Rationale:
Medical professionals’ attitude towards homosexuals affects health care offered to such patients with a different sexual orientation. There is absence of literature that explores the attitudes of Indian medical students or physicians towards homosexuality. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate Indian medical students and interns’ knowledge about homosexuality and attitude towards homosexuals.

Materials and Methods:
After IEC approval and written informed consent, a cross-sectional study was conducted on a purposive sample of undergraduate medical students and interns studying in one Indian medical college. The response rate was 80.5%. Only completely and validly filled responses (N = 244) were analyzed. The participants filled the Sex Education and Knowledge about Homosexuality Questionnaire (SEKHQ) and the Attitudes towards Homosexuals Questionnaire (AHQ). SEKHQ consisted of 32 statements with response chosen from ‘true’, ‘false’, or ‘don't know’. AHQ consisted of 20 statements scorable on a 5-point Likert scale. Multiple linear regression was used to find the predictors of knowledge and attitude.

Results:
Medical students and interns had inadequate knowledge about homosexuality, although they endorsed a neutral stance insofar as their attitude towards homosexuals is concerned. Females had more positive attitudes towards homosexuals. Knowledge emerged as the most significant predictor of attitude; those having higher knowledge had more positive attitudes.

Conclusion:
Enhancing knowledge of medical students by incorporation of homosexuality related health issues in the curriculum could help reduce prejudice towards the sexual minority and thus impact their future clinical practice.
Comparative analysis of clinical and computed tomography features of basal skull fractures in head injury in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Olabinri Eunice O. , Ogbole Godwin I. , Adeleye Amos O. , Dairo David M. , Malomo Adefolarin O. , Ogunseyinde Ayotunde O. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Basal skull fractures (BSF) in head injury may be missed clinically. Early detection ensures prompt treatment and prevention of complications We compared the clinical and Computed Tomography (CT) features of basal skull fractures in head injured patients in a southwestern Nigerian hospital. Materials and Methods: Head injury patients who had cranial CT at a Southwestern Nigerian hospital were selected. CT images were acquired with a 64-slice Toshiba Aquillion CT scanner using a standard head protocol. The images were evaluated for evidence of skull fractures, and associated complications. The clinical data and CT findings were analyzed. Results: One hundred and thirty patients were evaluated, including 103 (79.2%) males. Their ages ranged between 7 months and 81 years, mean 35 years (SD, 20.3). In 59 patients (45.4%, 59/130) BSF was detected on CT, while 71 (54.6%) had no evidence BSF. Forty-two (71.2%) of the 59 patients detected on CT had clinical suspicion of BSF (P < 0.001) while the remaining 17 (28.8%) were not clinically diagnosed. This equaled a sensitivity of 71.2% and, specificity of 90.1% for clinical determination of BSF in this study. There was no statistically significant difference between clinical and CT diagnosis (P > 0.05). The commonest observed clinical feature in patients with confirmed BSF was otorrhagia (45.8%) and the petrous temporal bone (45.8%) was the most commonly fractured bone. The BSF was caused most commonly by motor bike accidents in 53 (40.8%). The most common associated intracranial injuries were intracerebral haemorrhage (34.6%) and subdural (17.3%) Conclusion: It appears that neurosurgical evaluation is comparatively reliable in evaluating basal skull fractures in this study area even as they are consistently demonstrated by high resolution CT scanners. A clinical suspicion of BSF should warrant a closer detailed CT evaluation and reporting by radiologists.
Identifying autonomic nervous system dysfunction in acute cerebrovascular attack by assessments of heart rate variability and catecholamine levels
Authors: Eşref Akil , Tamam Yusuf , Akil Mehmet Ata , Kaplan İbrahim , Bilik Mehmet Zihni , Acar Abdullah , Tamam Banu 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate changes in the autonomic nervous system caused by cerebral lesions due to acute stroke. We assessed heart rate variability and catecholamine levels in lieu of stroke lesion localization. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 stroke patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were measured on the first, third, and seventh days following the stroke event. Heart rate variability was evaluated with time-domain and frequency-domain analyses via 24-hour Holter monitor recordings. Results: On the first and third day following the stroke, norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in all patient groups as compared to controls. Epinephrine levels on the first, third and seventh days after the stroke were significantly higher in patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery territory than controls. In frequency-domain analysis, patients with right middle cerebral artery territory lesions had greater low frequency and low frequency to high frequency ratio values than controls. Time-domain analysis revealed significant decreases in the standard deviation from the mean for 5-minute 288 R-R intervals in patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery territory when contrasted with controls. Patients with lesions in the right middle cerebral artery territory demonstrated the highest increase in the percentage of consecutive R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms (pNN50) as compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that autonomic dysfunction favoring an increase in sympathetic activity occurs in acute stroke patients.
Surgical treatment of 137 cases with chronic subdural hematoma at the university clinical center of Kosovo during the period 2008-2012
Authors: Mekaj Agon Y. , Morina Arsim A. , Mekaj Ymer H. , Manxhuka-Kerliu Suzana , Miftari Ermira I. , Duci Shkelzen B. , Hamza Astrit R. , Gashi Musli M. , Xhelaj Mentor R. , Kelmendi Fatos M. , Morina Qamile Sh. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is frequent pathology in neurosurgical practice. The aim of this study is to present the first series of patients with CSDH, who got surgically treated in Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Kosovo. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study that included 137 patients with CSDH who had been treated during the period 2008-2012. The data were collected and analyzed from the archives and protocols of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo. Patients were analyzed in many aspects such as age, gender, etiological factors, clinical features, localization, diagnoses, methods of surgical interventions, recurrences and mortality of patients. Results: From 137 patients with CSDH, 106 (77.3%) were males and 31 (22.7%) females. Average age of patients was 62.85 years. Analyzed according to the decades, the highest number of causes with CSDH was between 70 and 79 years (46%). The head trauma has been responsible for CSDH in 88 patients (64.3%), while the main symptom was headache (92 patients or 67.1%). One burr-hole trepanation with closed drainage system has been used in majority of cases (in 101 patients or 73.7%). The recurrence of CSDH was 6.5%, whereas mortality 2.9%. Conclusion: CSDH is more common in elderly patients. The male-female ratio is 3.4:1. Like other authors we also think that treatment with one burr-hole and drainage is a method of choice, because of its simplicity and safety.
Retrobulbar optic neuropathy secondary to isolated sphenoid sinus disease
Authors: Chafale Vishal Annaji , Lahoti Satish Arunkumar , Pandit Alak , Gangopadhyay Goutam , Biswas Atanu 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTParanasal sinus disease can cause a condition that mimics optic neuritis. Simultaneous appearance of both diseases would create etiological dilemma .We report two cases of retrobulbar optic neuropathy secondary to isolated sphenoid sinus disease. In the case of a 65-year-old female who had presented with acute loss of vision in the left eye associated with left-sided frontal headache which subsequently turned out to be caused by optic nerve compression at the orbital apex due to collection in abnormally pneumatized left lesser wing of the sphenoid. In another case, a 65-year-old lady had presented with symptoms of bilateral retrobulbar optic neuropathy which was found to be due to direct compression of optic nerves at the orbital apex secondary to metastases from breast carcinoma.
Mercado de la Comunicación y estudiantes de Periodismo. Estructura de la demanda de perfiles profesionales
Authors: Pérez Serrano María José , Rodríguez Barba Dolores , Rodríguez Pallares Miriam 
Published: March 2015

Se presentan los resultados de una de las primeras fases de la investigación principal del Grupo MediaCom UCM. A raíz de un Proyecto interdepartamental de Innovación y Mejora de la Calidad Docente (PIMCD nº 176 de la UCM) se establece el objetivo de radiografiar las nuevas demandas del mercado laboral para los estudiantes de Periodismo atendiendo a la tipología del mercado y a las condiciones de contratación. Metodología. La base epistemológica del proyecto parte de la Metodología Tuning en el diseño inicial y se desarrolla en términos cuantitativos/cualitativos a partir de los datos proporcionados por el COIE de la UCM en relación a los contratos en prácticas de los estudiantes. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados permiten concluir, por ejemplo, que el periodista sigue identificándose con la redacción o que el sector más demandante es el vinculado con instituciones públicas o privadas, seguido por la prensa diaria.
First Trimester Anomaly Scan—The Last Redoubt Won: Open Spina Bifida
Authors: Novac Liliana , Tudorache Stefania , Dominic Gabriel Iliescu , Turcu Adina , Florea Maria , Drăguşin Roxana , Nicolae Cernea , Cernea Daniela 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTOpen spina bifida (OSB) is a non-lethal fetal anomaly, yet often leads to severe disability. Most cases of open spina bifida are detected at the second trimester fetal anomaly ultrasound scan. The 11 to 13 weeks of amenorrhea scan evolved over the last 20 years from essentially a dating scan, to a genetic scan, and recently to one which includes, in addition to the genetic markers, a basic checklist for examination of the whole fetal anatomy. The direct visualization of the spine at the first trimester (FT) scan remained difficult, despite the wider use of high-resolution ultrasound machines and the volumetric approach. Thus, indirect intracranial morphological markers for OSB were proposed to diagnose this neural tube defect.The present review aims to describe the specific anatomical feature of the spine and the posterior brain, both on parasagittal and on axial planes, recently proposed for the early detection of OSB.Specialists involved in the prenatal diagnosis will eventually elaborate in the future a screening protocol for OSB in the FT of pregnancy, using the most valuable and easy to obtain marker, in a single 2D plane.The offer of an early diagnosis of possible severe anomalies, such as OSB, is a tool enhancing the autonomy of the pregnant woman.How to cite this articleTudorache S, Iliescu DG, Turcu A, Florea M, Drăguşin R, Novac L, Nicolae C, Cernea D. First Trimester Anomaly Scan—The Last Redoubt Won: Open Spina Bifida. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(1):80-90.