bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On extraction from definite DPs
Authors: Sedrins Adeilson Pinheiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses the pattern of extraction of genitives out of definite DPs in English, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese (BP), with consideration of the Specificity Effect (Fiengo and Higginbotham 1981), a constraint that in English, for instance, prevents extraction from definite/specific DPs, allowing extraction only for indefinite DPs. BP allows extraction from DPs headed by definite and indefinite articles, but blocks extraction from DPs headed by demonstratives. Spanish allows extractions from indefinite DPs and blocks extraction from DPs headed by demonstratives. In addition, it blocks extraction of possessors and agents from DPs headed by definite articles, but allows extraction from themes in this context. In order to theoretically support our proposal, we consider the analysis presented by Ticio (2003, 2006), along with Grohmann's (2000) notion of prolific domains and the restrictions on movement observed by Ticio for Spanish, but with suggested modifications. We suggest that the different patterns of extraction of genitives found in English, Spanish and BP are due to the position in which the article holds, and also due to the category that allows genitives in each of these languages.
Neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin are generated within atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Janmale Tejraj , Genet Rebecca , Crone Elizabeth , Flavall Elizabeth , Firth Carol , Pirker John , Roake Justin A. , Gieseg Steven P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Plasma neopterin correlates with the level of cardiovascular disease. Neopterin is the oxidation product of 7,8-dihydroneopterin, which is released by γ-interferon-stimulated macrophages. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin is a potent antioxidant, which inhibits lipid oxidation, macrophage cell death and scavenger receptor CD36 expression. The concentration of neopterin within atherosclerotic plaques was measured in tissue removed from carotid and femoral arteries. The excised plaques were cut into 3-mm-thick sections, and each section was analysed for neopterin, total neopterin, cholesterol, lipid peroxides, α-tocopherol and protein-bound 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Selected plaques were placed in tissue culture, and the media was analysed for 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin release. Total neopterin levels ranged from 14 to 18.8 nmol/g of tissue. Large ranges of values were seen both within the same plaque and between plaques. No correlation between neopterin and any of the other analytes was observed, nor was there any significant trend in levels along the length of the plaques. γ-Interferon stimulation of cultured plaque generated total neopterin concentrations from 1 to 4 nmol/(g 24 h). The level of 7,8-dihydroneopterin generated within the plaque was within the range that inhibits lipid oxidation. The data show that atherosclerotic plaques are extremely dynamic in biochemistry and are the likely source of the plasma 7,8-dihydroneopterin and neopterin.
Demand Side Management in Pellet Production: Internal and External Factors
Authors: Vigants Haralds , Blumberga Dagnija , Veidenbergs Ivars 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper demonstrates a demand side management case study: how to save energy and how research and data analysis help to create an energy management system in a pellet production facility; and shows ways to implement the EU energy efficiency directive in production facilities. The study carried out in this research serves as a far-reaching step that can be taken to improve energy efficiency during the operation mode of technological equipment. The benchmarking methodology is used for analysis of results.
Internal and external factors and indicators, which affect energy management potential in pellet production are analysed. Analysis of external factors is based on the state legal framework regulating the development of the energy sector. Methodology on the analysis of energy demand includes the internal energy management of an enterprise. The experimental results discussed in this paper show that particular steps, which are oriented to specific use of technological equipment, could play significant role in energy efficiency improvement in industry which is illustrated by the pre-milling process in the pellet production system using power.
Analysis of the Impact of Decreasing District Heating Supply Temperature on Combined Heat and Power Plant Operation
Authors: Bolonina Alona , Bolonins Genadijs , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
District heating systems are widely used to supply heat to different groups of heat consumers. The district heating system offers great opportunities for combined heat and power production. In this paper decreasing district heating supply temperature is analysed in the context of combined heat and power plant operation. A mathematical model of a CHP plant is developed using both empirical and theoretical equations. The model is used for analysis of modified CHP plant operation modes with reduced district heating supply temperature. Conclusions on the benefits of new operation modes are introduced.
Influence of skin wrinkles and resin insertions in maximum stress of transitions of pure bending sandwich beams
Authors: Caballero Daniel Fernández , de la Cruz Víctor Rodríguez , Munoz-Guijosa J. Manuel , Nair Sudhakar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe sandwich beam has emerged as a part of new engineering applications in recent years. Dimensional and mechanical control tests are used to avoid possible service failures. Sandwich beams are modeled as large deflection pure bending beams with monolithic ends. The manufacturing process of sandwich beams can lead to different dimensional and shape defects such as wrinkles in traction and compression skins, insertions of epoxy resin in foam core or in the skins, shape defects of the foam, etc. In order to study the maximum stress behavior of beams with different types of defects, a specific finite element model (FEM) has been developed. Finally, the results of FEM analysis are validated using experimental tests. The implications of these findings on the structural integrity of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)-foam sandwich composites are discussed.
Effect of Inlet Clearance on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Centrifugal Blower
Authors: Hariharan C. , Govardhan M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe present work reports the effect of inlet clearance on the performance of a centrifugal blower, with parallel wall volute, over its full operating range. For a particular impeller configuration, four volutes based on constant angular momentum principle, have been designed and analysed numerically for varying inlet clearances ranging from 0 mm (ideal clearance) to 5 mm. The computational methodology is validated using experimental data. The results indicate that as the clearance increases, the impeller performance in terms of both static and total pressure rise deteriorate. Further, the stage performances deteriorate in terms of efficiency and specific work for all mass flow rates. However, the performance of volute improves at lower mass flow rates compared to the Best Efficiency Point (BEP). A set of correlations have been developed to predict the change in stage performance as a function of clearance ratio. The non-dimensional values of change in specific work, isentropic efficiency and static pressure are found to be same irrespective of the shape of the volute.
Electronic Spectra of Corannulenic Cations and Neutrals in Neon Matrices and Protonated Corannulene in the Gas Phase at 15 K
Authors: Rice Corey A. , Fulara Jan , Garkusha Iryna , Nagy Ádám , Hardy François-Xavier , Gause Oliver , Maier John P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Three absorption systems starting at 624.1, 601.2, and
590.0 nm were detected in a 6 K neon matrix
following deposition of mass selected m/z = 250 ions
produced from corannulene vapour in a hot cathode ion source. The two
latter systems were also observed after deposition of neutral
corannulene in solid neon with concomitant bombardment of the matrix
with argon ions. The features in the absorption spectrum are assigned
to the 42A′′  ←  X
2A′′ transition of
cylobutadieno-benzo[ghi]fluoranthene cation and to the
32A′  ←  X
2A′′ and
32A′′  ←  X
2A′ transitions of two
Jahn-Teller structures of bowl-shaped corannulene cations,
respectively. The assignment is based on excitation energies
calculated with the SAC-CI and CASPT2 methods. The electronic
absorption spectrum of protonated corannulene has onsets at 515.1
and 398.8 nm in a neon matrix, following deposition of
a mass-selected beam produced by reactions of corannulene with
EtOH2
+. The absorptions are assigned, on the basis of
theoretical predictions, to the
3,41A  ←  X
1A transitions. The
electronic spectrum was also recorded in the gas phase using
a resonant multiphoton fragmentation technique in an ion trap at
vibrational and rotational temperatures of 15 K. The
3,41A  ←  X
1A transitions are observed
with origin bands at 521 ± 1 nm and
396.4 ± 0.1 nm. The 31A excited electronic
state indicates fast internal conversion of
≈ 5 fs, while the 41A state has
a lifetime of ≈ 0.2 ps. A distinct vibrational
pattern is discernible in the
41A  ←  X
1A transition.
Can we Observe Gas Phase Nucleation at the Molecular Level?
Authors: Ferreiro Jorge J. , Gartmann Thomas E. , Schläppi Bernhard , Signorell Ruth 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We propose and discuss an experiment for the study of neutral gas
phase nucleation on a molecular level using propane as the condensable
gas. The experiment combines a uniform Laval expansion with soft mass
spectrometric detection. The uniform Laval expansion allows nucleation
experiments under well-defined conditions while the mass spectrometric
detection provides molecular-level information on the molecular
aggregates formed. It is discussed how one could observe the onset of
nucleation and retrieve the size of the critical nucleus from the mass
spectra.
Speech Coding in the Brain: Representation of Vowel Formants by Midbrain Neurons Tuned to Sound Fluctuations
Authors: Carney Laurel H. , Li Tianhao , McDonough Joyce M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrent models for neural coding of vowels are typically based on linear descriptions of the auditory periphery, and fail at high sound levels and in background noise. These models rely on either auditory nerve discharge rates or phase locking to temporal fine structure. However, both discharge rates and phase locking saturate at moderate to high sound levels, and phase locking is degraded in the CNS at middle to high frequencies. The fact that speech intelligibility is robust over a wide range of sound levels is problematic for codes that deteriorate as the sound level increases. Additionally, a successful neural code must function for speech in background noise at levels that are tolerated by listeners. The model presented here resolves these problems, and incorporates several key response properties of the nonlinear auditory periphery, including saturation, synchrony capture, and phase locking to both fine structure and envelope temporal features. The model also includes the properties of the auditory midbrain, where discharge rates are tuned to amplitude fluctuation rates. The nonlinear peripheral response features create contrasts in the amplitudes of low-frequency neural rate fluctuations across the population. These patterns of fluctuations result in a response profile in the midbrain that encodes vowel formants over a wide range of levels and in background noise. The hypothesized code is supported by electrophysiological recordings from the inferior colliculus of awake rabbits. This model provides information for understanding the structure of cross-linguistic vowel spaces, and suggests strategies for automatic formant detection and speech enhancement for listeners with hearing loss.
Localization of Metal Electrodes in the Intact Rat Brain Using Registration of 3D Microcomputed Tomography Images to a Magnetic Resonance Histology Atlas
Authors: Borg Jana Schaich , Vu Mai-Anh , Badea Cristian , Badea Alexandra , Johnson G. Allan , Dzirasa Kafui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSimultaneous neural recordings taken from multiple areas of the rodent brain are garnering growing interest because of the insight they can provide about spatially distributed neural circuitry. The promise of such recordings has inspired great progress in methods for surgically implanting large numbers of metal electrodes into intact rodent brains. However, methods for localizing the precise location of these electrodes have remained severely lacking. Traditional histological techniques that require slicing and staining of physical brain tissue are cumbersome and become increasingly impractical as the number of implanted electrodes increases. Here we solve these problems by describing a method that registers 3D computed tomography (CT) images of intact rat brains implanted with metal electrode bundles to a magnetic resonance imaging histology (MRH) atlas. Our method allows accurate visualization of each electrode bundle’s trajectory and location without removing the electrodes from the brain or surgically implanting external markers. In addition, unlike physical brain slices, once the 3D images of the electrode bundles and the MRH atlas are registered, it is possible to verify electrode placements from many angles by “reslicing” the images along different planes of view. Furthermore, our method can be fully automated and easily scaled to applications with large numbers of specimens. Our digital imaging approach to efficiently localizing metal electrodes offers a substantial addition to currently available methods, which, in turn, may help accelerate the rate at which insights are gleaned from rodent network neuroscience.
Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in Mice Is Dependent upon the Dorsal Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Cerebellum, and Amygdala: Behavioral Characterization and Functional Circuitry
Authors: Siegel Jennifer J. , Taylor William , Gray Richard , Kalmbach Brian , Zemelman Boris V. , Desai Niraj S. , Johnston Daniel , Chitwood Raymond A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTrace eyeblink conditioning is useful for studying the interaction of multiple brain areas in learning and memory. The goal of the current work was to determine whether trace eyeblink conditioning could be established in a mouse model in the absence of elicited startle responses and the brain circuitry that supports this learning. We show here that mice can acquire trace conditioned responses (tCRs) devoid of startle while head-restrained and permitted to freely run on a wheel. Most mice (75%) could learn with a trace interval of 250 ms. Because tCRs were not contaminated with startle-associated components, we were able to document the development and timing of tCRs in mice, as well as their long-term retention (at 7 and 14 d) and flexible expression (extinction and reacquisition). To identify the circuitry involved, we made restricted lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and found that learning was prevented. Furthermore, inactivation of the cerebellum with muscimol completely abolished tCRs, demonstrating that learned responses were driven by the cerebellum. Finally, inactivation of the mPFC and amygdala in trained animals nearly abolished tCRs. Anatomical data from these critical regions showed that mPFC and amygdala both project to the rostral basilar pons and overlap with eyelid-associated pontocerebellar neurons. The data provide the first report of trace eyeblink conditioning in mice in which tCRs were driven by the cerebellum and required a localized region of mPFC for acquisition. The data further reveal a specific role for the amygdala as providing a conditioned stimulus-associated input to the cerebellum.
Validación de apariencia, contenido y consistencia interna de la Escala de Apreciación de Agencia de Autocuidado (ASA) para Costa Rica, segunda versión en español
Authors: Leiva Díaz Viriam , Cubillo Vargas Kenneth , Ramírez Villegas Tatiana , Porras Gutiérrez Yuliany , Sirias Wong Isabel 
Published: July 2015

Introducción: Este artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos del proceso de validación de apariencia, contenido y consistencia interna al que fue sometida la segunda versión en español de la escala ASA aplicada a población costarricense.Método: Este estudio es descriptivo, transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental y psicométrico, realizado con una muestra de 211 personas en la etapa de la adultez temprana, intermedia y tardía, según su condición de salud conocidas como sanas o con diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica.Resultados: La investigación determinó que el análisis factorial con la aplicación de métodos estadísticos, la prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) con resultado de 0,79, evidenció la viabilidad de la escala, en la que las variables miden factores comunes con una varianza total del 64,14%.Conclusión: El análisis factorial arrojó siete ejes factoriales y obtuvo valores adecuados que demuestran su validez.
Ni(II) and Cd(II) Simple and Competitive Adsorption on Activated Carbon Oxidized. Influence of the Oxidant Agents HO and NaClO
Authors: Sánchez Miguel A. , Rodríguez-Estupiñan Paola , Giraldo Liliana , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2015

In this study, granular activated carbon, GAC, was modified by oxidation with HO and NaClO aqueous
solutions and heat treatment at 900°C. The N adsorption isotherms at − 196°C and SEM and FTIR results were used to
characterize the properties of the prepared ACs.
Textural parameters such as BET surface area and pore volumes were assessed by gas adsorption. The BET surface area
values of solids were between 687 and 876 m2g-1. Additionally, immersion enthalpies of activated carbons in benzene,
water, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions and Ni(II) and Cd(II) solutions of 500 mgL were determined,
with values between 32 and 145 Jg-1.
Ni(II) and Cd(II) adsorption isotherms were determined at pH 6 on activated carbons and competitive adsorption tests
were realized between the two ions. The results show that in the tests carried out, the adsorption capacity decreased when
the content of chemical groups on the surface also decreased.
Finally, the experimental results of adsorption from the solution were adjusted to the Langmuir and Freundlich models
and the first model was found to be better. With maximum adsorption capacities, the values for Ni(II) were between 3.99
and 64.9 mgg-1 and for Cd(II) were between 2.61 and 55.2 mgg-1.
The values of the competitive adsorption ions present in the solution, Ni(II) and Cd(II), in the activated carbons, decreased
compared to those obtained in the simple adsorption, indicating the effect of the an ion competitive presence in
adsorption another.
Peritumoral cysts associated with pituitary macroadenoma
Authors: Herde Ryan F. , Hoang Nguyen , Tran Diem Kieu , Couldwell Genevieve , Couldwell William T. , Osborn Anne G. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
Peritumoral cysts are benign nonneoplastic cysts that are found adjacent to extraaxial brain tumors such as meningiomas, schwannomas, craniopharyngiomas, and esthesioneuroblastomas. Peritumoral cysts associated with pituitary macroadenomas have not been previously described in the literature. The authors report 6 cases of giant macroadenoma-associated peritumoral cysts and delineate their imaging spectrum.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 179 patients diagnosed with pituitary macroadenomas who underwent tumor resection at their institution and had preoperative MRI scans available for review. The patients were evaluated for the presence of associated peritumoral cysts. Clinical presentation, histopathology, follow-up time, tumor and peritumoral cyst dimensions were recorded. Signal intensity on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and FLAIR sequences, as well as pre- and postcontrast appearance, were determined.

RESULTS
Six patients (3.4%) with associated peritumoral cysts were identified in our cohort of 179 patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Twelve patients in the cohort had giant macroadenomas (≥ 4.0 cm), and 50% of these tumors had associated peritumoral cysts with significant extrasellar extension of the macroadenoma. Only tumors with craniocaudal, transverse, and anteroposterior diameters of 3.6 × 3.4 × 4.2 cm to 7.0 × 7.4 × 6.8 cm (mean 5.3 × 5.1 × 5.6 cm), respectively, had associated peritumoral cysts. The growth pattern in all tumors was suprasellar, with predominant anterior and lateral extension.
Cysts showed T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR hyperintensity in 67%, 67%, and 60% of patients, respectively. There was no contrast enhancement of the cyst wall or fluid contents in any patient. Postoperatively, cysts had completely resolved (4 of 5) or significantly decreased in size (1 of 5). One patient was lost to follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Macroadenoma-associated peritumoral cysts are rare, benign, and likely nonneoplastic fluid collections that do not represent neoplasm. These cysts display a predictable pattern of hyperintensity on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR sequences and do not enhance. They most likely represent proteinaceous CSF in a sulcus or cistern that becomes trapped (encysted) by anterolateral extension of unusually large macroadenomas. Peritumoral cysts may facilitate resection of the associated macroadenoma by providing a cleavage plane.
Predictors of response to Gamma Knife radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas
Authors: Mansouri Alireza , Larjani Soroush , Klironomos George , Laperriere Normand , Cusimano Michael , Gentili Fred , Schwartz Michael , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
In this paper, the authors’ aim was to determine short-term volumetric and diametric tumor growth and identify clinical, radiological, and dosimetric predictors of adverse radiation events (AREs) following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for intracranial WHO Grade I meningiomas.

METHODS
This is a retrospective review of all WHO Grade I meningiomas that were treated with SRS (primary or adjuvant) between December 2005 and June 2012 at the University Health Network. Seventy-five patients had at least 24 months of both clinical and radiological follow-up and were, therefore, included in this study. Tumor growth was defined as any volumetric or diametric change greater than 10% per year. Any variation less than +10% was considered growth stability. Volumetric measurements were made using T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced 3-T MRI scans and ITK-SNAP software. Tumor growth rates were calculated using the specific growth rate (SGR). Univariate statistics were used to identify predictors of post-SRS AREs. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS.

RESULTS
Women accounted for 69.3% of patients, and the mean treatment age was 58.6 years. Median follow-up was 36.2 months. Twenty-one (28%) patients had undergone prior resection. Two (3%) patients required salvage surgical intervention following SRS. The majority of the lesions (56%) were skull base tumors. Median tumor volume and diameter were 5.2 cm3 and 27.5 mm, respectively. The absence of tumor growth was observed in 39 cases (52%) based on the volumetric measurements, while the absence of tumor growth was observed in 69 cases (92%) based on the diametric measurements. Twenty-six patients (34.6%) experienced new-onset AREs, including headache (17.3%), cranial neuropathy (10.6%), speech impairment (2.7%), tremors (2.7%), and ataxia (1.3%). Fourteen patients (18.7%) experienced new-onset edema, and 4 of these patients were symptomatic. A lower conformity index (1.24 vs 1.4) was significantly associated with the development of edema (p < 0.001 power > 0.8). Patients with meningiomas that had growth rates of more than 10% per year were more likely to experience long-term headaches after SRS (p = 0.022).

CONCLUSIONS
Volume-based reporting of SRS outcomes for meningiomas may be a more accurate method given the complex morphology of some lesions. The conformity index was identified as a predictor of edema following radiosurgery.