bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesticidal activity of certain plant extracts and their isolates against the cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Authors: Dimetry Nadia Zikry , El-Gengaihi Soad , Hafez Mahmoud , Abbass Magdy Hassan 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Different extracts from seven plant species were assayed against the cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) in the laboratory. The plants were extracted sequentially with petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl alcohol. The petroleum ether extract of each was fractionated into sap and unsap, then identified by GC chromatography. Also compounds isolated from chloroform and alcohol extracts of Citrullus colocynthis and petroleum ether extract of Nicandra physaloides were tested for their toxicity against the adult beetle. The sensitivity of the adults to various crude extracts revealed great variation in effectiveness. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Nicandra physaloides proved to be the most toxic in comparison to other extracts tested, while petroleum ether extracts of Curcuma longa proved to be the least effective. All the fatty acid fractions of the seven plant species were toxic to the adult beetles at the tested concentrations. N. physaloides, Schinus terebinthifolius and Dodonaea viscosa resulted in 100% mortality of adults at the highest concentration tested (1.0%). Using 1.0% unsap fraction of Dodonaea viscosa resulted in 100% mortality between the adults. The least percentage mortality between the adult beetles recorded (22%) was for unsap fraction of T. orientalis at concentration of 0.0625% but increased to 80.0% mortality at concentration of 1.0%. The compounds isolated from chloroform and alcohol extracts of C. colocynthis and petroleum ether extract of N. physaloides proved to be highly efficient against C. maculatus adults.
Stufendiagnostik der Hämoglobinopathien
Authors: Busse Birgit , Tepedino Maria-Fatima , Rupprecht Wolfgang , Klein Hanns-Georg 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff Hämoglobinopathien umfasst genetisch bedingte Krankheiten, die entweder durch die Präsenz von anomalen Hämoglobinen oder Thalassämien gekennzeichnet sind. Sie zählen zu den häufigsten Erbkrankheiten der Weltbevölkerung. Aufgrund der steigenden Migrationrate spielen Hämoglobinopathien und deren Diagnose bzw. Behandlung auch in Nord- und Mitteleuropa und ebenso in Deutschland eine wichtige Rolle. Mit 200 Mio. Betroffenen gehören die Thalassämiesyndrome, hierbei hauptsächlich α- und β-Thalassämie, weltweit zu den am häufigsten auftretenden monogenen Erkrankungen. Neben den Thalassämieerkrankungen bilden die anomalen Hämoglobine die zweite große Gruppe innerhalb der Hämoglobinopathien. In diese Gruppe fallen Hämoglobine wie HbS, HbC und HbE. In dieser Arbeit wird auf die wichtigsten Hämoglobinopathien, ihrem hämatologischen Erscheinungsbild und ihrer genetischen Ursache eingegangen. Dabei liegt der Fokus insbesondere auf der Stufendiagnostik, die bei der Abklärung solcher Erkrankungen eine entscheidende Rolle spielt.
The impact of Tegillarca granosa extract
haishengsu on HL-60 cell
Authors: Wang Jinshen , Wei Lixia , Han Yueqin , Qin Daogang , Yang Qiaozhi , Ju Xiuli 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Haishengsu (Hss) is a purified protein from
Tegillarca granosa that has been used as a traditional
Chinese medicine to treat cancer for more than a century.
In this study, we observed the impact of Haishengsu (Hss)
on the proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 cells in
the leukemic cell line by taking tretinoin and AS2O3 as
a positive control and making a comparative analysis
between the effect of Hss and tretinoin and AS2O3. We
found that Hss could significantly inhibit the proliferation
of HL-60 cells and caused most of the cells to stay in
the G0/G1 phase. Its effect was much stronger than that of
tretinoin and AS2O3, and the ability of Hss to induce differentiation
was close to tretinoin. Hss functions probably
by inhibiting the expression of the Bcl-2 and MPO genes
and further promoting the expression of the Bax gene. Hss
has a significant effect on both inhibiting the proliferation
and inducing the differentiation of HL-60 cells. It is possible
that Hss may be a new kind of clinical differentiation
inducer.
The local spread of pheochromocytoma after
adrenalectomy with a rupture of the tumor capsule
at the time of the surgery
Authors: Pogorzelski Ryszard , Toutounchi Sadegh , Fiszer Patryk , Krajewska Ewa , Łoń Izabela , Zapała Łukasz , Skórski Maciej 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction: We present a case of a 29-year-old
patient treated due to fully symptomatic pheochromocytoma
of the right adrenal gland.

Case presentation: Patient was operated on and an open
right-sided adrenalectomy was performed. At the time of
the surgery, a rupture of the tumor capsule occurred. Five
years post-operatively, a recurrence of the symptoms of
chromaffin-cell tumor was noted. After the exact localization
of the multiple recurrences, the patient was reoperated
on.

Conclusion: The case of pheochromocytoma is presented
due to the possibility of chromaffin-cell seeding into the
peritoneum, with no signs of distal metastases so far.
Efficacy of mistletoe for chemical pleurodesis in
rats without malignancy
Authors: Ahn Hyo Yeong , Cho Jeong Su , Kim Yeong Dae , I Hoseok , Kim Yeon Ji , Kim Ahrong , Lee Chang Hun 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Chemical pleurodesis is an effective treatment
modality to reduce recurrence of malignant effusion.
Several agents have been used in chemical pleurodesis
but, it is not yet clear which is better. Eighteen Sprague-
Dawley rats were used and classified into three groups:
a group intrapleurally injected normal saline (group A,
n=6), 400mg/kg talc (group B, n=6), and 9mg/kg mistletoe
extraction (ME) (group C, n=6). Autopsy was performed to
evaluate the pleural adhesion, pathologic examination of
pleura and lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis
4 weeks after pleurodesis. Both group B and C showed an
obvious pleural adhesion and there was no significant difference
in grade of pleural adhesion between two groups
(p=0.58). The parietal pleural thickness in talc group than
ME group was significantly thicker (p=0.002) and the visceral
pleura of talc group showed marked foreign body
reaction with fibrosis and many multinucleated giant
cells associated with talc crystal. This study suggests that
pleurodesis using ME in condition without malignancy
has comparable effect to pleurodesis using talc. However,
additional experimental study in large animal or clinical trials would be required to prove a safety and an efficacy
of pleurodesis using ME.
The Epitaph of Mar Solomon, Bishop of South China, Administrator of Manicheans and Nestorians
Authors: Franzmann Majella 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe tombstone of the Christian bishop Mar Solomon is an important witness to communities of the Church of the East and Manichaeans in fourteenth-century China. The epitaph consists of a bilingual inscription in Chinese and Syro-Turkic. Three major points will be discussed—the identification of Mar Solomon as administrator of both communities; the use of the term “Manzi” to designate Mar Solomon’s geographical area of influence; and the significance of the style and languages of the epitaph.
In vitro photoprotection and antioxidant capacity of Sphagnum meridense extracts, a novel source of natural sunscreen from the mountains of Colombia
Authors: Mejía-Giraldo Juan C. , Gallardo Cecilia , Puertas-Mejía Miguel A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Excessive ultraviolet radiation can cause skin cancer and related health problems in humans. Traditionally, organic and inorganic sunscreens have been used to minimize these effects. Besides, some phenolic compounds present in plants play an important role as photoprotectors. Sphagnum meridense (L), found in Colombia, is continuously exposed to sunlight on high mountain ecosystems. In this work, we evaluated the potential of S. meridense extracts to be applied as UVA-UVB filter in cosmetic formulations and its antioxidant capacity. The mixture acetone-37% hydrochloric acid (1%, v/v) showed the best polyphenol content and UVA-UVB absorption coefficient. These extracts also exhibited promissory UVAPF values, UVA/UVB ratio, critical wavelength (λc) and antioxidant capacity in vitro, comparable to that of conventional sunscreens.
Sunscreens of red algae from Patagonia: a biotechnological perspective
Authors: Navarro Nelso P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Red algae can synthesize UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) compounds to minimize the damage caused by UV radiation. MAAs are molecules with low molecular weight and absorption maxima in the UV region (310–360 nm). Combined with their antioxidant activities, these features suggest a potential application in the prevention and therapeutic treatment of afflictions related to free-radical production and UV irradiation in humans. However, the use of MAAs in biotechnological products is limited by the low concentrations of these compounds in macroalgae harvested from the wild. Thus, species with high MAA concentrations are desirable. Information on red algae from Patagonia generally shows low concentrations of MAAs. However, increased MAA or at least changes in individual MAA concentration have been observed in certain species under stressful conditions. Additionally, methanolic extracts show an interesting absorption in the UVB region in certain red algae species, such as Lophurella hoockeriana.
Unification Principle and a Geometric Field Theory
Authors: Wanas Mamdouh I. , Osman Samah N. , El-Kholy Reham I. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In the context of the geometrization philosophy,
a covariant field theory is constructed. The theory satisfies
the unification principle. The field equations of the
theory are constructed depending on a general differential
identity in the geometry used. The Lagrangian scalar
used in the formalism is neither curvature scalar nor torsion
scalar, but an alloy made of both, the W-scalar. The
physical contents of the theory are explored depending on
different methods. The analysis shows that the theory is
capable of dealing with gravity, electromagnetism and material
distribution with possible mutual interactions. The
theory is shown to cover the domain of general relativity
under certain conditions.
Helical chain Ag(I) complexes with a tridentate N-donor ligand: syntheses, structural characterization, and properties
Authors: Dai Chun-Hua , Mao Fu-Lin 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The tridentate N-donor ligand 2,6-di(2-oxazolyl)pyridine (L) reacts with AgClO4 and AgPF6 to yield two new complexes, {[Ag5(L)5](ClO4)5}
n
(1) and {[Ag5(L)5](PF6)5}
n
(2), which have been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffractions, IR spectroscopy, and elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complexes 1 and 2 are isotypic, displaying helical chain structures. The fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.
A Novel Statistical Model to Estimate Host Genetic Effects Affecting Disease Transmission
Authors: Anacleto Osvaldo , Garcia-Cortés Luis Alberto , Lipschutz-Powell Debby , Woolliams John A , Doeschl-Wilson Andrea B 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere is increasing recognition that genetic diversity can affect the spread of diseases, potentially affecting plant and livestock disease control as well as the emergence of human disease outbreaks. Nevertheless, even though computational tools can guide the control of infectious diseases, few epidemiological models can simultaneously accommodate the inherent individual heterogeneity in multiple infectious disease traits influencing disease transmission, such as the frequently modeled propensity to become infected and infectivity, which describes the host ability to transmit the infection to susceptible individuals. Furthermore, current quantitative genetic models fail to fully capture the heritable variation in host infectivity, mainly because they cannot accommodate the nonlinear infection dynamics underlying epidemiological data. We present in this article a novel statistical model and an inference method to estimate genetic parameters associated with both host susceptibility and infectivity. Our methodology combines quantitative genetic models of social interactions with stochastic processes to model the random, nonlinear, and dynamic nature of infections and uses adaptive Bayesian computational techniques to estimate the model parameters. Results using simulated epidemic data show that our model can accurately estimate heritabilities and genetic risks not only of susceptibility but also of infectivity, therefore exploring a trait whose heritable variation is currently ignored in disease genetics and can greatly influence the spread of infectious diseases. Our proposed methodology offers potential impacts in areas such as livestock disease control through selective breeding and also in predicting and controlling the emergence of disease outbreaks in human populations.
An Efficient Genome-Wide Multilocus Epistasis Search
Authors: Kärkkäinen Hanni P , Li Zitong , Sillanpää Mikko J 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
There has been a continuing interest in approaches that analyze pairwise locus-by-locus (epistasis) interactions using multilocus association models in genome-wide data sets. In this paper, we suggest an approach that uses sure independence screening to first lower the dimension of the problem by considering the marginal importance of each interaction term within the huge loop. Subsequent multilocus association steps are executed using an extended Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model and fast generalized expectation-maximization estimation algorithms. The potential of this approach is illustrated and compared with PLINK software using data examples where phenotypes have been simulated conditionally on marker data from the Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection (QTLMAS) Workshop 2008 and real pig data sets.
Radiofrequency ablation of focal atrial tachycardia: Benefit of electroanatomical mapping over conventional mapping
Authors: Szegedi N , Zima E , Clemens M , Szekely A , Kiss RG , Szeplaki G , Geller L , Merkely B , Csanadi Z , Duray G 
Published: September 2015

Background
Catheter ablation is a proven therapy of focal atrial tachycardia. However limited information is available about the additional value of electroanatomical over conventional mapping methods for this specific arrhythmia.

Methods
Consecutive catheter ablation procedures of FAT were analyzed in two cardiology centres. Only conventional mapping was used in 30 of the 60 procedures whereas additionally CARTO mapping was performed in another 30 procedures. Acute, six-month success rate, and procedural data were analyzed.

Results
Localization of ectopic foci is congruent with previously published data. There was no statistically significant difference between procedure time and fluoroscopy time using additionally CARTO mapping, compared to conventional mapping only. Acute success rate was higher in procedures guided by CARTO mapping than in procedures based on conventional mapping (27/30 vs. 18/30, p = 0.0081). During the 6-month follow-up period there was a better outcome (p = 0.045) in case of CARTO guided procedures (success: 11 cases, partial success: 12 cases, failure: 4 cases) compared to conventional mapping (success: 4 cases, partial success: 18 cases, failure: 7 cases).

Conclusions
Catheter ablation of focal atrial tachycardias using the CARTO electroanatomical mapping system seems to provide higher acute and 6-month success rate compared to ablation using conventional mapping methods only.
Permeability of Organic-Rich Shale
Authors: Wasaki Asana , Akkutlu I. Yucel 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Measured permeability of an organic-rich shale sample varies significantly with applied laboratory conditions, such as the confining pressure, temperature, and the measurement fluid type. This indicates that the measured quantity is influenced by several mechanisms that add complexity to the measurement. The complexity is mainly caused by stress dependence of the matrix permeability. Also, it is because organic-rich shale holds significant volumes of fluids in sorbed (adsorbed, dissolved) states; sorption can also influence the permeability through its own storage and transport mechanisms. The stress-dependence and sorption effects on permeability could develop under the reservoir conditions and influence the production, although we currently do not have a predictive permeability model that considers their coexistence.
In this work, this is accomplished by considering that the shale matrix consists of multiple continua with organic and inorganic pores. Stress dependency of the permeability comes along with slit-shaped pores, whereas the sorption effects are associated with nanoscale organic capillaries. A simple conceptual flow model with an apparent shale permeability is developed that couples the molecular-transport effects of the sorbed phase with the stress dependence of the slit-shaped pores. The simulation results show the impact of the permeability model on the production.
Sensitivity analysis on the new permeability model shows that the stress dependence of the overall transport is significant at high pore pressure, when the effective stress is relatively low. Diffusive molecular transport of the sorbed phase becomes important as the stress gets larger and, hence, the slit-shaped pores close. The constructed apparent-permeability vs. pore-pressure curves show the dominance of the molecular transport as an increase in permeability characterized by appearance of a minimum permeability value at the intermediate values of the pressure. One can use the new permeability model easily in history matching a well performance and optimizing its production.
There's No Place Like Home: The Influence of Home-State Going-Concern Reporting Rates on Going-Concern Opinion Propensity and Accuracy
Authors: Blay Allen D. , Moon James R. , Paterson Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY
Prior research has had success identifying client financial characteristics that influence auditors' going-concern reporting decisions. In contrast, relatively little research has addressed whether auditors' circumstances and surroundings influence their propensities to issue modified opinions. We investigate whether auditors' decisions to issue GC opinions are affected by the rate of GC opinions being given in their proximate area. Controlling for factors that prior research associates with going-concern opinions and state-level economics, we find that non-Big 4 auditors located in states with relatively high first-time going-concern rates in the prior year are up to 6 percent more likely to issue first-time going-concern opinions. The results from our state-based GC measure casts doubt that this increased propensity is explained by economic factors and suggests that psychological factors may explain this behavior among auditors. Interestingly, this higher propensity increases auditors' Type I error rates without decreasing their Type II error rates, further suggesting economics alone do not explain these results. Such evidence challenges the generally accepted notion that a higher propensity to issue a going-concern opinion always reflects higher audit quality.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Data Availability: All data are available from public sources.
Repairing Organizational Legitimacy Following Information Technology (IT) Material Weaknesses: Executive Turnover, IT Expertise, and IT System Upgrades
Authors: Haislip Jacob Z. , Masli Adi , Richardson Vernon J. , Sanchez Juan Manuel 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Since Information Technology (IT)-based internal controls are pivotal in providing access to, and security of, financial records, we argue that an IT-related material weakness (ITMW) is a significant threat to organizational legitimacy. Prior research suggests that firms work to repair legitimacy by disassociation with executives blamed for the deficiency and the establishment of a monitoring mechanism to ensure the problem is addressed (Suchman 1995). As a test of disassociation, we find that, relative to a propensity-score-matched sample of non-ITMW firms, ITMW firms experience higher CEO, CFO, and director turnover. As a test of the establishment of a monitoring mechanism to repair organizational legitimacy, we find that ITMW firms hire CEOs, CFOs, and directors with higher levels of IT expertise, and make significant IT system upgrades. We find evidence that ITMW firms remediate deficiencies in a more timely fashion when they appoint a new CFO with IT expertise or upgrade their financial reporting system. Collectively, our results suggest that firms make significant monitoring changes to re-establish organizational legitimacy after receiving an ITMW.
Data Availability: The data used are publicly available from the sources cited in the text.
Molecular Identification Of Trichoderma Strains Collected To Develop Plant Growth-Promoting And Biocontrol Agents
Authors: Oskiera Michał , Szczech Magdalena , Bartoszewski Grzegorz 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Trichoderma strains that are beneficial to both the growth and health of plants can be used as plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) or biological control agents (BCA) in agricultural and horticultural practices. In order to select PGPF or BCA strains, their biological properties and taxonomy must be carefully studied. In this study, 104 strains of Trichoderma collected at geographically different locations in Poland for selection as PGPF or BCA were identified by DNA barcoding, based on the sequences of internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2) of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and on the sequences of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), chitinase 18-5 (chi18-5), and RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) gene fragments. Most of the strains were classified as: T. atroviride (38%), T. harzianum (21%), T. lentiforme (9%), T. virens (9%), and T. simmonsii (6%). Single strains belonging to T. atrobrunneum, T. citrinoviride, T. crassum, T. gamsii, T. hamatum, T. spirale, T. tomentosum, and T. viridescens were identified. Three strains that are potentially pathogenic to cultivated mushrooms belonging to T. pleuroticola and T. aggressivum f. europaeum were also identified. Four strains: TRS4, TRS29, TRS33, and TRS73 were classified to Trichoderma spp. and molecular identification was inconclusive at the species level. Phylogeny analysis showed that three of these strains TRS4, TRS29, and TRS33 belong to Trichoderma species that is not yet taxonomically established and strain TRS73 belongs to the T. harzianum complex, however, the species could not be identified with certainty.