bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility, reproducibility, and accuracy of echocardiographic right ventricular systolic function assessments in childhood cancer survivors at risk for heart failure
Authors: Ostler Heidi , Liu Lin , Tong Khang , Acuero Maria T. , Gomez‐Arostegui Juliana , Degner Seth , Choo Sun , Golding Fraser , Hegde Sanjeet , Kuo Dennis J. , Narayan Hari K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeWe sought to assess the feasibility, reproducibility, and accuracy of conventional and newer echocardiographic measures of right ventricular (RV) systolic function in adolescent and young adult childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines.MethodsEchocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) were acquired ≤60 days apart in prospectively recruited survivors and RV functional measures were quantitated by blinded observers. Repeat quantitation was performed in a subset to evaluate reproducibility. For each echocardiographic measure, Spearman correlations with CMR measures were calculated, and values in participants with CMR RV ejection fraction (RVEF) ≥48% and RVEF <48% were compared using two sample Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.ResultsAmong 58 participants, mean age was 18.2 years (range 13.1–25.2) and five participants had CMR RVEF <48%. Intra‐ and inter‐observer coefficients of variation were 8.2%–10.1% and 10.5%–12.0% for adjusted automated strain measures, and 5.2%–8.7% and 2.7% for 3D RVEF, respectively. No echocardiographic measures were significantly correlated with CMR RVEF; only tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was correlated with CMR RV stroke volume (r = .392, p = .003). Participants with RV dysfunction had worse automated global longitudinal strain (−20.3% vs. −23.9%, p = .007) and free wall longitudinal strain (−23.7% vs. −26.7%, p = .09).ConclusionsEchocardiographic strain and 3D RV function measurements were feasible and reproducible in at‐risk childhood cancer survivors. Although not associated with CMR RVEF in this population with predominantly normal RV function, automated strain measurements were more abnormal in participants with RV dysfunction, suggesting potential clinical utility of these measures.
Dispersal and gene flow in anadromous salmonids: A systematic review
Authors: Lamarins Amaïa , Carlson Stephanie M. , Buoro Mathieu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDispersal is a ubiquitous ecological process that has been extensively studied in many plants and animals. Anadromous salmonids are an interesting system for examining dispersal, in part because of their well‐known philopatric behaviour, but also because of the conservation challenges related to the dispersal of hatchery‐origin fish. Building on earlier work, we provide an updated systematic review of dispersal and gene flow in anadromous salmonids. In particular, we compared studies on the dispersal of anadromous salmonids from wild and hatchery origins, including studies providing estimates of dispersal rates, observations of dispersal and results from modelling studies. We reviewed 228 studies and found these were unevenly distributed among species, with Atlantic salmon, Chinook salmon and sea trout being well‐represented. Our results showcase considerable variability in estimated dispersal rates within and across studies, which is likely related to the different methodologies, dispersal propensities across species and populations, and spatial extents considered. Overall, our results confirmed a higher tendency of hatchery fish to disperse relative to wild fish, but we also found some variation across species that warrants further study. Moreover, we found that dispersal propensity tended to decline exponentially with distance and that the drivers of dispersal varied considerably among studies. Additionally, we highlight various facets of dispersal captured across this suite of studies, including variation in terminology, methods and metrics for characterising dispersal, and the spatio‐temporal scales considered. Finally, our review revealed that few studies considered, and even fewer assessed, the implications of dispersal for the conservation and management of anadromous salmonids.
Physiological transpalpebral sonographic eye measurements from healthy adult horses
Authors: da Conceição Mariana Lopes , Apolonio Emanuel Vitor Pereira , Alonso Juliana de Moura , de Ávila Alice Ribeiro , Rosa Gustavo dos Santos , Stievani Fernanda de Castro , Rodrigues Celso Antônio , Watanabe Marcos Jun , Hussni Carlos , Alves Ana Liz Garcia 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundRelevant ophthalmic lesions affecting vision occur in 5%–10% of all horses. Thus, knowledge of anatomy, physiology, clinical and imaging is essential for the discernment of a healthy and a pathological eye. Ultrasonography is an important diagnostic tool for ocular diseases, providing information on lesion site, extension and severity. In addition, it is possible to monitor the treatment efficiency and prognosis.ObjectivesThis study aimed to provide biometric data about the ocular globe structures of healthy horses in order to establish a normal ultrasonographic pattern.MethodsOcular globes (n = 40) from 20 healthy horses were evaluated by transpalpebral B‐mode ultrasonography, using an 11 MHz linear transducer.ResultsThe biometrics found in this study were: globe length: 37.78 ± 0.65 mm; anterior chamber: 5.01 ± 0.27 mm; vitreous chamber: 19.19 ± 0.54 mm; lens: 12.82 ± 0.93 mm; cornea: 0.88 ± 0.11 mm.Main limitationsThe obtained results can be more safely applied to medium‐sized horses (350 ± 43 kg).ConclusionsThis study provides normal ocular biometrics that can be used as a reference for the diagnosis of ocular diseases, especially when the lesions are bilateral and nontranslucent cornea hinder internal structures evaluation.
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in allergy: Targeting IgE, cytokine, and alarmin pathways
Authors: Eggel Alexander , Pennington Luke F. , Jardetzky Theodore S. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe etiology of allergy is closely linked to type 2 inflammatory responses ultimately leading to the production of allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), a key driver of many allergic conditions. At a high level, initial allergen exposure disrupts epithelial integrity, triggering local inflammation via alarmins including IL‐25, IL‐33, and TSLP, which activate type 2 innate lymphoid cells as well as other immune cells to secrete type 2 cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13, promoting Th2 cell development and eosinophil recruitment. Th2 cell dependent B cell activation promotes the production of allergen‐specific IgE, which stably binds to basophils and mast cells. Rapid degranulation of these cells upon allergen re‐exposure leads to allergic symptoms. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying allergic pathophysiology have significantly shaped the development of therapeutic intervention strategies. In this review, we highlight key therapeutic targets within the allergic cascade with a particular focus on past, current and future treatment approaches using monoclonal antibodies. Specific targeting of alarmins, type 2 cytokines and IgE has shown varying degrees of clinical benefit in different allergic indications including asthma, chronic spontaneous urticaria, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, food allergies and eosinophilic esophagitis. While multiple therapeutic antibodies have been approved for clinical use, scientists are still working on ways to improve on current treatment approaches. Here, we provide context to understand therapeutic targeting strategies and their limitations, discussing both knowledge gaps and promising future directions to enhancing clinical efficacy in allergic disease management.
Identifying patterns and profiles of vaccination hesitancy among nurses for tailoring healthcare policies in the UK: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Erfani Goran , McCready Jemma , Nichol Bethany , Gordon Charlotte , Unsworth John , Croston Michelle , Comparcini Dania , Simonetti Valentina , Cicolini Giancarlo , Mikkonen Kristina , Keisala Jeremia , Tomietto Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo profile the characteristics of nurses with varying levels of vaccine hesitancy toward the COVID‐19 and influenza vaccines.BackgroundIn many countries across the world, healthcare workers, and nurses in particular, display significant reluctance toward COVID‐19 and influenza vaccines due to concerns about safety, distrust in healthcare policies, and media influences. To address this, a proposed approach involves profiling nurses to tailor vaccination campaigns and to improve acceptance rates and public health outcomes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study adopted the Vaccination Attitudes Examination scale to assess hesitancy toward COVID‐19 and influenza vaccines among 294 registered nurses in the UK between March and July 2023. A K‐means cluster analysis was performed. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were adopted.ResultsThree profiles were identified. Profile A showed low vaccination hesitancy, profile B showed average hesitancy, and profile C showed high hesitancy toward vaccines. The highest concern for all profiles was related to unforeseen future effects of vaccination. Profile C had more nurses in early career roles, whereas nurses in profiles A and B were in more senior roles. Profile A showed higher educational attainment. Nurses in profile C used Snapchat more, whereas nurses in profile A used Twitter more frequently.ConclusionThis study identified specific characteristics associated with higher levels of vaccination hesitancy in nursing. Unforeseen future effects of vaccination are a core aspect to consider in promoting vaccination.Implications for nursing and nursing policyPolicies and vaccination campaigns should be targeted on early career nurses and should deliver tailored messages to dispel misinformation about unforeseen future effects of vaccination through specific social media platforms. Senior nurses should be involved as role models in promoting vaccination. These results are key for enhancing an evidence‐based approach to implementing global health policies in healthcare.
Astragalus polysaccharide‐containing 3D‐printed scaffold for traumatized skin repair and proteomic study
Authors: Du Weibin , Wang Zhenwei , Han Meichun , Zheng Yang , Tao Bowen , Pan Ningfang , Bao Guanai , Zhuang Wei , Quan Renfu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAstragalus polysaccharide‐containing 3D‐printed scaffold shows great potential in traumatic skin repair. This study aimed to investigate its repairing effect and to combine it with proteomic technology to deeply resolve the related protein expression changes. Thirty SD rats were divided randomly into three groups (n = 10 per group): the sham‐operated group, the model group and the scaffold group. Subsequently, we conducted a comparative analysis on trauma blood perfusion, trauma healing rate, histological changes, the expression of the YAP/TAZ signalling pathway and angiogenesis‐related factors. Additionally, neonatal skin tissues were collected for proteomic analysis. The blood perfusion volume and wound healing recovery in the scaffold group were better than that in the model group (p < 0.05). The protein expression of STAT3, YAP, TAZ and expression of vascular‐related factor A (VEGFA) in the scaffold group was higher than that in the model group (p < 0.05). Proteomic analysis showed that there were 207 differential proteins common to the three groups. Mitochondrial function, immune response, redox response, extracellular gap and ATP metabolic process were the main groups of differential protein changes. Oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic pathway, carbon metabolism, calcium signalling pathway, etc. were the main differential metabolic pathway change groups. Astragalus polysaccharide‐containing 3D‐printed scaffold had certain reversals of protein disorder. The Astragalus polysaccharide‐containing 3D‐printed scaffold may promote the VEGFs by activating the YAP/TAZ signalling pathway with the help of STAT3 into the nucleus, accelerating early angiogenesis of the trauma, correcting the protein disorder of the trauma and ultimately realizing the repair of the wound.
Epidermal proteomics demonstrates Elafin as a psoriasis‐specific biomarker and highlights increased anti‐inflammatory activity around psoriatic plaques
Authors: Berekmeri Anna , Macleod Tom , Hyde Isabel , Ojak Gregor Jan , Mann Caroline , Kramer Daniela , Stacey Martin , Wittmann Miriam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundEczema and psoriasis are common diseases. Despite both showing active epidermal contribution to the inflammatory process, their molecular aetiology and pathological mechanisms are different.ObjectiveFurther molecular insight into these differences is therefore needed to enable effective future diagnostic and treatment strategies. The majority of our mechanistic and clinical understanding of psoriasis and eczema is derived from RNA, immunohistology and whole skin biopsy data.MethodsIn this study, non‐invasive epidermal sampling of lesional, perilesional and non‐lesional skin from diseased and healthy skin was used to perform an in depth proteomic analysis of epidermal proteins.ResultsOur findings confirmed the psoriasis‐associated cytokine IL‐36γ as an excellent protein biomarker for lesional psoriasis. However, ELISA and ROC curve analysis of 53 psoriasis and 42 eczema derived samples showed that the sensitivity and specificity were outperformed by elastase‐specific protease inhibitor, elafin. Of note, elafin was also found upregulated in non‐lesional psoriatic skin at non‐predilection sites demonstrating inherent differences between the non‐involved skin of healthy and psoriatic individuals. Mass spectrometry and ELISA analysis also demonstrated the upregulation of the anti‐inflammatory molecule IL‐37 in psoriatic perilesional but not lesional skin. The high expression of IL‐37 surrounding psoriatic plaque may contribute to the sharp demarcation of inflammatory morphology changes observed in psoriasis. This finding was also specific for psoriasis and not seen in atopic dermatitis or autoimmune blistering perilesional skin. Our results confirm IL‐36γ and add elafin as robust, hallmark molecules distinguishing psoriasis and eczema‐associated inflammation even in patients under systemic treatment.ConclusionsOverall, these findings highlight the potential of epidermal non‐invasive sampling and proteomic analysis to increase our diagnostic and pathophysiologic understanding of skin diseases. Moreover, the identification of molecular differences in healthy‐looking skin between patients and healthy controls highlights potential disease susceptibility markers and proteins involved in the initial stages of disease.
Examining fish scale biomineral from Atlantic salmon populations
Authors: Tray Elizabeth , Brophy Deirdre , de Eyto Elvira , Ó'Maoileidigh Niall , Sheehan Timothy , Bradbury Ian , Crowley Quentin G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFish scale microchemistry can be used to make life‐history inferences, although ecological studies examining scale composition are relatively rare. Salmon scales have an external layer of calcium phosphate hydroxyl apatite (HAP). The structure, hardness, and calcium content of this layer have been shown to vary within and between species. This variation may lead to misinterpretation of trace element profiles. This study uses backscatter scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive spectrometry to compare scales from salmon populations and to present a more detailed analysis of scale HAP than was previously available. Our findings extend the range of salmon populations for which HAP Ca is available and confirm previous findings that the HAP Ca is relatively invariable within this species.
Factors associated with transfer from assisted living facilities to a nursing home: National Health Aging Trends Study 2011–2019
Authors: Son Jung Yoen , Marriott Deanna J. , Struble Laura M. , Chen Weiyun , Larson Janet L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundResidents of assisted living facilities (ALF) transfer to a nursing home when they require a higher level of care, but limited research has examined risk factors for transfer to a nursing home. The aims of this study were to identify (1) baseline factors associated with transfer to a nursing home and (2) time‐varying factors associated with transfer to a nursing home over 8 years, using a national dataset from the National Health Aging Trends Study (NHATS).MethodsNHATS participants were included in this study if they: (1) resided in ALF from Round 1 (2011) through Round 8 (2018); (2) completed the sample person (SP) interview at baseline; (3) were admitted to ALF at age 65 years or older. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression to examine candidate predictors (difficulty with basic activities of daily living (ADL), chronic conditions, hospitalization, sleep disturbances, mental health, physical performance, self‐reported health, participation in social and physical activity, and sociodemographic) associated with transfer to a nursing home. Employing backward elimination, we built parsimonious final models for analysis.ResultsThe analytic sample included 970 participants of whom 143 transferred to nursing homes over 8 years. Those who had a better physical performance at baseline (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.79–0.88) and were college educated (HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36–0.92) demonstrated a significantly lower risk for transfer to a nursing home over 8 years. Residents who maintained physical activity (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.37–0.86), better physical performance (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80–0.94), and difficulty with fewer basic ADLs (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02–1.26) were at lower risk for transfer to a nursing home over 8 years.ConclusionsOur findings can be used to identify older adults in ALFs at risk of transfer to a nursing home. Strategies to promote physical function and physical activity could avoid/delay the need to transfer. Helping older residents to age in place will have important health and economic benefits.
Advancements in laser technologies for skin rejuvenation: A comprehensive review of efficacy and safety
Authors: Haykal Diala , Cartier Hugues , Goldberg David , Gold Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionLaser technology has fundamentally transformed the landscape of dermatology, offering nuanced solutions for skin rejuvenation and resurfacing. This paper aims to explore the spectrum of laser technologies, from ablative to non‐ablative and fractional lasers, their mechanisms, benefits, and tailored applications for diverse skin conditions. As we delve into the intricacies of each technology, we also consider the scientific advancements that have made these treatments safer and more effective, promising a new horizon in skin rejuvenation.ObjectiveThis comprehensive analysis seeks to evaluate recent advancements in laser technology for skin rejuvenation, focusing on efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction.MethodsThe selection criteria for studies in this publication focused on recent, peer‐reviewed articles from the last 20 years, emphasizing advancements in laser technologies for skin rejuvenation. Our comprehensive review involved searches in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar using keywords like “skin rejuvenation,” “laser technology,” “efficacy,” “safety,” and “dermatology.” This approach focused on inclusion of recent research and perspectives on the efficacy and safety of laser treatments in the field of dermatology.ResultsOur literature review reveals advancements in laser skin resurfacing technologies, notably fractional lasers for minimal downtime rejuvenation, ablative lasers for precise tissue vaporization, and non‐ablative lasers for coagulation effect promoting collagen with reduced recovery. Hybrid and picosecond lasers are highlighted for their versatility and effectiveness in addressing a wide array of skin concerns. The findings also emphasize the development of safer treatment protocols for ethnic skin, significantly reducing risks like hyperpigmentation and scarring, thus broadening the scope of effective dermatological solutions.ConclusionThis extensive review of advancements in laser technologies for skin rejuvenation underscores a remarkable evolution in dermatological treatments, offering an expansive overview of the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction associated with these interventions. Furthermore, the exploration of combination treatments and laser‐assisted drug delivery represents a frontier in dermatological practice, offering synergistic effects that could amplify the therapeutic benefits of laser treatments.
Advancing fertility preservation in prepubertal mice: Efficacy of ovarian tissue culture and in vitro growth in mature oocyte development
Authors: Chen Yuekun , Wakimoto Yu , Yano Mizuho , Nakagawa Kohei , Hasegawa Akiko , Shibahara Hiroaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the ovarian tissue culture and in vitro follicle growth as safer alternatives to cryopreservation for generating in vitro fertilization (IVF)‐ready mature oocytes from prepubertal mice without the risk of cancer cell contamination.MethodsOvaries from prepubertal B6D2F1 mice were cultured in α‐minimum essential medium supplemented with an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182780. Culture duration was investigated to identify the optimal timeframe for follicle growth and oocyte maturation. Follicles were isolated mechanically or using 1 mg/mL collagenase and cultured in Matrigel matrix or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Oocyte development at metaphase II was induced by in vitro maturation, followed by IVF.ResultsThe optimal culture duration was 2–4 days, and tissues cultured beyond this period showed significant follicular degeneration. ICI 182780 supplementation resulted in the recovery of 20.5 follicles per ovary compared with 9.5 follicles in non‐supplemented cultures (p < 0.05). Of the 452 isolated follicles, 237 (52.4%) showed growth, 150 (33.2%) underwent germinal vesicle breakdown, and 18 (4.0%) reached metaphase II. However, none of the metaphase II oocytes were successfully fertilized after IVF. Matrigel demonstrated a significantly higher in vitro maturation rate compared with polyvinylpyrrolidone in a comparative analysis of culture matrices (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study highlighted ovarian tissue culture and in vitro growth as effective strategies for producing mature oocytes from prepubertal mice. Further studies are required to overcome fertilization hurdles and understand the mechanisms that improve post‐IVF embryo viability.
The Sinophone lawyer: China's cross‐border impact on the legal profession
Authors: HSU CHING‐FANG 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article studies China's cross‐border impact on the legal profession, and develops the concept of the Sinophone lawyer to capture the inter‐jurisdictional transformation. Using Hong Kong as a case study, the article identifies a process of ‘Sinophonication’ brought about by Chinese capital; that is, lawyers and law firms have critically changed the language in which they practise. The fact that the Chinese language is multilingual and polyphonic further assigns different values to different aspects of linguistic proficiency and different levels of the legal profession. For law firm partners, the ability to speak Mandarin and Mandarin cultural literacy are now indispensable. For associates, the ability to read and write simplified Chinese is essential. A lower level of paralegals has been created, attracting native speakers from Mandarin‐speaking jurisdictions to serve as associates at a lower salary and with less career security. The article draws on qualitative interviews with solicitors, barristers, and foreign lawyers in Hong Kong, and quantitative data from Hong Kong Lawyer (1996–2016) and the annual reports of the Law Society of Hong Kong (1994–2016).