bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periostin downregulation is an early marker of inhibited neonatal murine lung alveolar septation
Authors: Ahlfeld Shawn K. , Gao Yong , Wang Jian , Horgusluoglu Emrin , Bolanis Esther , Clapp D. Wade , Conway Simon J. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDExtreme preterm birth exposes the saccular lung to multiple teratogens, which ultimately retard alveolar development. Specifically, therapeutic high level oxygen supplementation adversely affects the premature lungs and results in blunted alveolarization. Prolonged hyperoxic lung injury has previously been shown to upregulate the matricellular protein Periostin (Postn) and stimulate ectopic accumulation of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) myofibroblasts. Therapies that promote lung septation are lacking largely due to a lack of reliable early biomarkers of injury. Thus, we determined if Postn expression correlated with the initial appearance of myofibroblasts in the saccular lung and was required for early alveolar development.METHODSLung development in C57BL/6J mice following room‐air (RA, 21%‐O2) or continuous hyperoxia (85%‐O2) from birth (P0) through postnatal day P14 was correlated with Postn and αSMA expression. Alveolarization in Postn knockout mice exposed to room‐air, 60%‐, and 85%‐O2 was also examined.RESULTSPostn was widely expressed in distal lung septa through P2 to P4 and peak expression coincided with accumulation of saccular myofibroblasts. Initially, 85%‐O2 prematurely downregulated Postn and αSMA expression and suppressed proliferation before the first evidence of distal lung simplification at P4. By P14, chronic 85%‐O2 resulted in secondary upregulation of Postn and αSMA in blunted septa. Myofibroblast differentiation and alveolar development was unaffected in Postn null mice and acute 85%‐O2 exposure equally inhibited septal formation in Postn null and wild‐type littermates.CONCLUSIONPostn expression is tightly correlated with the presence of αSMA‐myofibroblasts and is a novel early biomarker of acutely inhibited alveolar septation during a crucial window of lung development. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:373–385, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peritoneal cavity B‐1a cells promote peripheral CD4+ T‐cell activation
Authors: Margry Bram , Wieland Willemien H. , van Kooten Peter J. , van Eden Willem , Broere Femke 
Published: May 2013

Innate‐like murine B‐1a cells are well known for their ability to secrete natural IgM. Their non‐Ab mediated functions, including Ag presentation to CD4+ T cells, are less well explored. Using combined adoptive transfer experiments with peptide‐pulsed peritoneal cavity (PerC)‐derived B‐1a cells and CFSE‐labeled T cells, we show that B‐1a cells present Ag to CD4+ T cells from the periphery in vivo. In vitro characterization, using co‐cultures in which B‐1a or splenic B cells presented whole OVA protein to OVA‐specific Tg T cells, shows that B‐1a cells differentially promote intracellular cytokine‐expressing T cells. PerC‐derived B‐1a cells increase the percentage of IL‐10‐producing T cells along with IL‐4‐ and IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ T cells. These data suggest that B cells in the PerC have the potential to influence peripheral immune responses without the necessity to migrate out of this location. This, to our knowledge previously undescribed, immuno‐logical pathway potentially plays a role in the presentation of gut microbiota‐derived Ags to peripheral T cells.
TRPA1 and TRPV1 are differentially involved in heat nociception of mice
Authors: Hoffmann T. , Kistner K. , Miermeister F. , Winkelmann R. , Wittmann J. , Fischer M.J.M. , Weidner C. , Reeh P.W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundTwo transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, TRPV1 and TRPA1, have been physiologically studied with regard to noxious heat transduction. Evidence argues against these channels as sole transducers of noxious heat or cold, respectively. Moreover, in submammalian species the TRPA1 orthologue shows heat sensitivity.MethodsIn vitro, single‐fibre and compound action potential recordings from C‐fibres as well as measurements of stimulated cutaneous CGRP release are combined with behavioural experiments to assess heat responsiveness in wild type mice, TRPA1 and TRPV1 as well as double‐null mutants.ResultsHeat thresholds of cutaneous C‐mechano‐heat sensitive fibres were significantly higher in TRPA1−/− (43 °C) than +/+ (40 °C) mice, and averaged heat responses were clearly weaker, whereas TRPV1−/− showed normal heat thresholds and responses (up to 46 °C). Compound action potential recordings revealed much less activity‐dependent slowing of conduction velocity upon noxious heat stimulation in TRPA1−/− and a delayed deficit in TRPV1−/− in comparison to controls. Heat‐induced calcitonin gene‐related peptide release was reduced in TRPV1−/− but not TRPA1−/− animals. Paw withdrawal latencies to radiant heat were significantly elevated in TRPA1−/−, more so in TRPV1−/− animals. In general, double‐null mutants were similar to TRPV1−/− except for the single‐fibre heat responses which appeared as weak as in TRPA1−/−.ConclusionsOur results indicate that in addition to TRPV1, TRPA1 plays a role in heat nociception, in particular in definition of the heat threshold, and might therefore serve as a therapeutic target in acute inflammatory pain.
Review: Toxicometabolomics
Authors: Bouhifd Mounir , Hartung Thomas , Hogberg Helena T. , Kleensang Andre , Zhao Liang 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMetabolomics use in toxicology is rapidly increasing, particularly owing to advances in mass spectroscopy, which is widely used in the life sciences for phenotyping disease states. Toxicology has the advantage of having the disease agent, the toxicant, available for experimental induction of metabolomics changes monitored over time and dose. This review summarizes the different technologies employed and gives examples of their use in various areas of toxicology. A prominent use of metabolomics is the identification of signatures of toxicity – patterns of metabolite changes predictive of a hazard manifestation. Increasingly, such signatures indicative of a certain hazard manifestation are identified, suggesting that certain modes of action result in specific derangements of the metabolism. This might enable the deduction of underlying pathways of toxicity, which, in their entirety, form the Human Toxome, a key concept for implementing the vision of Toxicity Testing for the 21st century. This review summarizes the current state of metabolomics technologies and principles, their uses in toxicology and gives a thorough overview on metabolomics bioinformatics, pathway identification and quality assurance. In addition, this review lays out the prospects for further metabolomics application also in a regulatory context. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating smoke transport from wildland fires with a regional‐scale air quality model: Sensitivity to uncertain wind fields
Authors: Garcia‐Menendez Fernando , Hu Yongtao , Odman Mehmet Talat 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUncertainties associated with meteorological inputs which are propagated through atmospheric chemical transport models may constrain their ability to replicate the effects of wildland fires on air quality. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of predicted fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels to uncertain wind fields by simulating the air quality impacts of two fires on an urban area with the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ). Brute‐force sensitivity analyses show that modeled concentrations at receptors downwind from the fires are highly sensitive to variations in wind speed and direction. Additionally, uncertainty in wind fields produced with the Weather Research and Forecasting model was assessed by evaluating meteorological predictions against surface and upper air observations. Significant differences between predicted and observed wind fields were identified. Simulated PM2.5 concentrations at urban sites displayed large sensitivities to wind perturbations within the error range of meteorological inputs. The analyses demonstrate that normalized errors in CMAQ predictions attempting to model the regional impacts of fires on PM2.5 levels could be as high as 100% due to inaccuracies in wind data. Meteorological drivers may largely account for the considerable discrepancies between monitoring site observations and predicted concentrations. The results of this study demonstrate that limitations in fire‐related air quality simulations cannot be overcome by solely improving emission rates.
Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging of colorectal liver metastases: Are we only looking at tumor necrosis?
Authors: Chiaradia Melanie , Baranes Laurence , Van Nhieu Jeanne Tran , Vignaud Alexandre , Laurent Alexis , Decaens Thomas , Charles‐Nelson Anaïs , Brugières Pierre , Katsahian Sandrine , Djabbari Marjane , Deux Jean‐François , Sobhani Iradj , Karoui Mehdi , Rahmouni Alain , Luciani Alain 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo determine if intra‐voxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging (IVIM‐DWI) parameters, including free molecular‐based (D) and perfusion‐related (D*, f) diffusion parameters, correlate with the degree of tumor necrosis and viable tumor in colo‐rectal cancer (CRC) metastasis.Materials and MethodsFifteen patients referred for resection of liver metastases from CRC were retrospectively included in this Institutional Review Board approved study. An IVIM‐DWI sequence was performed on a 1.5 Tesla MR imaging system, with 10 b factors (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100, 200, 400 and 800 s/mm2). Mean D, D*, f and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined in metastases with a longest diameter above 10 mm. Correlations between the diffusion parameters and the degree of liver tumor necrosis and viable tissue were determined (Spearman).ResultsCorrelation between diffusion parameters and histopathological findings was performed in 35 hepatic metastases with a diameter of more than 10 mm (mean size of 17.9 mm; range, 1–68 mm). Both D (r = 0.36; P = 0.035) and ADC (r = 0.4; P = 0.02) correlated with the degree of tumor necrosis but not with viable tumor.ConclusionADC variation observed in CRC metastases following systemic chemotherapy reflects a specific increase in free‐molecular diffusion (D), in itself correlated to the degree of metastasis necrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:317–325. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphine three‐dimensional T1 gadoxetate MR cholangiography of potential living related liver donors
Authors: Agrawal Mukta D. , Mennitt Kevin W. , Zhang Honglei , Samstein Benjamin , Kato Tomoaki , Emond Jean C. , Dutruel Silvina P. , Thimmappa Nanda Deepa , Prince Martin R. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo assess low‐dose morphine for distension and improved visualization of intrahepatic bile ducts on T1 MR cholangiography (MRC) in preoperative imaging of potential liver donors.Materials and MethodsSixty‐nine consecutive potential living related liver donors (mean age, 39 years; age range, 20 to 59 years) referred for pre‐transplant MRI evaluation were evaluated without (n = 30) or with (n = 39) intravenous morphine injection (0.04 mg/kg). Morphine was injected pre‐MRI while establishing intravenous access to allow ∼1 h for biliary distension before T1 MRC. Three radiologists reviewed intrahepatic biliary branch order visualization, common bile duct (CBD) diameter, and overall image quality. In 25 patients undergoing liver donation surgery, T1 MRC findings were correlated with intraoperative findings. This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board.ResultsBiliary visualization was improved post‐morphine administration with biliary duct branch order visualization score of 3.2 and 3.3 at 45 and 60 min, respectively, compared with 2.7 without morphine (P < 0.002); CBD diameter measured 5.3 and 5.5 versus 4.1 mm (P < 0.005), and overall image quality score was 2.4 and 2.6 versus 1.8 (P < 0.0006). Operative notes confirmed T1 MRC findings in 6/11 donors without morphine and 14/14 donors with morphine.ConclusionIntravenous low‐dose morphine distends and improves visualization of bile ducts on T1 gadoxetate MRC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:584–589. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of proteoglycan 4 and hyaluronan composition and lubrication function of ovine synovial fluid following knee surgery
Authors: Barton Kristen I. , Ludwig Taryn E. , Achari Yamini , Shrive Nigel G. , Frank Cyril B. , Schmidt Tannin A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine changes in (1) proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, and (3) cartilage boundary lubricating ability of synovial fluid (SF) from surgical sham (SHAM), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)/medial collateral ligament (MCL) transection, and lateral meniscectomy (MEN) in a post‐knee surgery ovine model. Ovine SF (oSF) was collected at euthanization 20 weeks after surgery, with the contralateral joint serving as the non‐operative control. PRG4 and HA concentration in oSF was measured by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cartilage boundary lubricating ability of oSF was measured by a cartilage–cartilage friction test. PRG4 and HA concentration in SHAM, ACL/MCL, and MEN oSF were similar in comparison to the contralateral control (CTRL) oSF. The HA MW distribution in the operated oSF for all ranges were similar to the respective CTRL oSF. The kinetic coefficients of friction in operated and CTRL oSF were similar in all groups, and were significantly lower than saline. These results indicate oSF lubricant composition and function at 20 weeks post‐knee surgery were similar to contralateral CTRL, and suggest earlier time points post surgery warrant further investigation. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1549–1554, 2013
Affirmative Action in South Africa
Authors: Archibong Uduak , Adejumo Oluyinka 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAffirmative action policies in South Africa and other countries have been designed to address inequity and discrimination, and to manage a wide range of diversity in all spheres of life, particularly after the end of apartheid in 1994. Years after implementing affirmative action in South Africa, perceptions of its impact or even benefit seem to vary from person to person. This article presents the findings from a study utilizing different data sources including document review, interviews, and a consensus workshop on the perceptions of the impact of affirmative action in South Africa. It is part of a larger European Commission–funded comparative study of positive action measures across countries in North America, the European Union, and South Africa. Participants were drawn from different public and private organizational sectors, racial groups, genders, age groups, and people with disabilities. The analyzed data provided insight into how society might be perceiving and reacting to the operation of affirmative action in South Africa.
Respectful Language
Authors: Chapman Laura M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article outlines key ideas from a small‐scale piece of research undertaken as a study for a dissertation into language use in learning organizations. The inquiry focuses on how language use may be used in reflection when understood as ethical leadership action. Anecdotal evidence suggested that an eye on the bottom line and a compliance approach imposed by legislation during a period of recession had a negative effect on dialogue, with exchanges being less courteous and less generous during daily dealings. The aim of this study was to find out what professionals working in the field of learning and development understand the term respectful language to mean. The study explored theories based on reflection and drawn on experience. It modeled ethical practice by way of presenting the ideas of a diverse community of practice. The findings are presented as an interpretation based on rich narratives, which practitioners may find useful to aid their dialogue in a tough economic climate.
New and Highly Efficient Column Chromatographic Extraction and Simple Purification of Camptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes pittosporoides
Authors: Zeng Xue‐Hua , Li Yue‐Hong , Wu Shan‐Shan , Hao Rui‐Lin , Li Hui , Ni He , Han Han‐Bing , Li Hai‐Hang 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionCamptothecin, a widely used natural anti‐cancer drug, is difficult to extract and purify effectively from plants.ObjectiveTo develop new and highly efficient extraction and purification methods for analysis and production of camptothecin from leaves and fruits of Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes pittosporoides roots.MethodsDried materials were loaded in empty columns with fivefold 60% ethanol for leaves or 70% ethanol for fruits of C. acumnata, and sixfold 70% ethanol for N. pittosporoides roots. The columns were eluted with the same solvents at room temperature. Eluent was collected as extraction solution. Extraction solution from leaves and fruits of C. acuminata was vacuum‐evaporated to remove ethanol, precipitated at pH 8.0 to remove alkaline insolubles and fractionated with chloroform at pH 3.0, which yields a crude product with 70% purity. Extraction solution from N. pittosporoides roots was concentrated to 1/10 volume and precipitated at pH 3.0, which yields a crude product with 60% purity. All crude products were purified by crystallisation. All steps were monitored by HPLC.ResultsCamptothecin was extracted from the three plant materials at a 98% rate with 15‐ or 18‐fold solvent for content analysis, or at a 97% rate with five‐ or sixfold solvent for production. All crude products were purified to 98%. The overall recovery rates of camptothecin from plant materials to purified products reached 92% or higher.ConclusionThe new procedures are simple and highly efficient, and have multiple advantages for quantitative analysis and large production of camptothecin from plants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A bibliometric analysis of climate engineering research
Authors: Belter Christopher W. , Seidel Dian J. 
Published: May 2013

The past five years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of media and scientific publications on the topic of climate engineering, or geoengineering, and some scientists are increasingly calling for more research on climate engineering as a possible supplement to climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. In this context, understanding the current state of climate engineering research can help inform policy discussions and guide future research directions. Bibliometric analysis—the quantitative analysis of publications—is particularly applicable to fields with large bodies of literature that are difficult to summarize by traditional review methods. The multidisciplinary nature of the published literature on climate engineering makes it an ideal candidate for bibliometric analysis. Publications on climate engineering are found to be relatively recent (more than half of all articles during 1988–2011 were published since 2008), include a higher than average percentage of nonresearch articles (30% compared with 8–15% in related scientific disciplines), and be predominately produced by countries located in the Northern Hemisphere and speaking English. The majority of this literature focuses on land‐based methods of carbon sequestration, ocean iron fertilization, and solar radiation management and is produced with little collaboration among research groups. This study provides a summary of existing publications on climate engineering, a perspective on the scientific underpinnings of the global dialogue on climate engineering, and a baseline for quantitatively monitoring the development of climate engineering research in the future. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:417–427. doi: 10.1002/wcc.229This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Postoperative Complications Influence Prognosis and Recurrence Patterns in Periampullary Cancer
Authors: Cho Jai Young , Han Ho‐Seong , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Hwang Dae Wook , Jung Kyuwhan , Kim Young Ki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was performed to elucidate the influence of postoperative complications on the prognosis and recurrence patterns of periampullary cancer after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).MethodsClinical data were reviewed from 200 consecutive patients who had periampullary cancer and underwent PD between October 2003 and July 2010, and survival outcomes and recurrence patterns were analyzed. Postoperative complications were classified according to a modification of Clavien’s classification.ResultsOverall, 86 major complications of grade II or higher occurred in 71 patients. The patients were classified into two groups according to the presence of postoperative complications of grade II or higher: group Cx−, absence of complications (n = 129); and group Cx+, presence of complications (n = 71). There were no differences in gender, mean age, tumor node metastasis stage, biliary drainage, type of resection, and radicality between the two groups (P > 0.05). The 3‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates of the group Cx+ patients (31.0 and 22.3 %, respectively) were significantly lower than those of the group Cx− patients (49.0 and 40.0 %; P = 0.003 and 0.002, respectively). The multivariate analysis showed that postoperative complications (P = 0.001; RR = 1.887; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.278–2.785), a T stage of T3 or T4 (P = 0.001; RR = 2.503; 95 % CI 1.441–4.346), positive node metastasis (P = 0.001; RR = 2.093; 95 % CI, 1.378–3.179), R1 or R2 resection (P = 0.023; RR = 1.863; 95 % CI 1.090–3.187), and angiolymphatic invasion (P = 0.013; RR = 1.676; 95 % CI 1.117–2.513) were independent prognostic factors for disease‐free survival. Regarding recurrence patterns, group Cx+ patients exhibited more distant recurrences than did group Cx− patients (P = 0.025).ConclusionsPostoperative complications affect prognosis and recurrence patterns in patients with periampullary cancer after PD.
Achieving Zero Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections: Connector Design Combined with Practice in the Long-Term Acute Care Setting
Authors: Lynch Debra 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Reducing central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) to zero is especially challenging in long-term acute care (LTAC) hospitals because patients usually have the line in place at admission. The central venous line may have been in place from days to weeks before admission. The LTAC thus has no control over the site selection, catheter selection, insertion protocol, and care and maintenance the catheter received before admission. Using comprehensive practice-based evidence for clinical practice improvement, our LTAC used different needleless connectors during a 3-year period to achieve zero CLABSIs. The sample data offers a rare opportunity to compare different needleless connectors and in a wide sample of complex patient diagnoses. Needleless connector design in combination with nursing care and management can achieve zero CLABSI,s even in the challenging LTAC environment.