bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uranium and cadmium provoke different oxidative stress responses in Lemna minor L.
Authors: Horemans N. , Van Hees M. , Van Hoeck A. , Saenen E. , De Meutter T. , Nauts R. , Blust R. , Vandenhove H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCommon duckweed (Lemna minor L.) is ideally suited to test the impact of metals on freshwater vascular plants. Literature on cadmium (Cd) and uranium (U) oxidative responses in L. minor are sparse or, for U, non‐existent. It was hypothesised that both metals impose concentration‐dependent oxidative stress and growth retardation on L. minor. Using a standardised 7‐day growth inhibition test, the adverse impact of these metals on L. minor growth was confirmed, with EC50 values for Cd and U of 24.1 ± 2.8 and 29.5 ± 1.9 μm, respectively, and EC10 values of 1.5 ± 0.2 and 6.5 ± 0.9 μm, respectively. The metal‐induced oxidative stress response was compared through assessing the activity of different antioxidative enzymes [catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) and syringaldizyne peroxidase (SPOD)]. Significant changes in almost all antioxidative enzymes indicated their importance in counteracting the U‐ and Cd‐imposed oxidative burden. However, some striking differences were also observed. For activity of APODs and SODs, a biphasic but opposite response at low Cd compared to U concentrations was found. In addition, Cd (0.5–20 μm) strongly enhanced plant GPOD activity, whereas U inhibited it. Finally, in contrast to Cd, U up to 10 μm increased the level of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids. In conclusion, although U and Cd induce similar growth arrest in L. minor, the U‐induced oxidative stress responses, studied here for the first time, differ greatly from those of Cd.
Prophylactic red blood cell exchange may be beneficial in the management of sickle cell disease in pregnancy
Authors: Asma Suheyl , Kozanoglu Ilknur , Tarım Ebru , Sarıturk Cagla , Gereklioglu Cigdem , Akdeniz Aydan , Kasar Mutlu , Turgut Nurhilal H. , Yeral Mahmut , Kandemir Fatih , Boga Can , Ozdogu Hakan 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with chronic hemolysis and painful episodes. Pregnancy accelerates sickle cell complications, including prepartum and postpartum vasoocclusive crisis, pulmonary complications, and preeclampsia or eclampsia. Fetal complications include preterm birth and its associated risks, intrauterine growth restriction, and a high rate of perinatal mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in patients with SCD who underwent planned preventive red blood cell exchange (RBCX).Study Design and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the complications of SCD in 37 pregnant patients. Patients with SCD who had undergone prophylactic RBCX were compared with a control group who had not undergone RBCX during pregnancy.ResultsForty‐three exchange procedures were performed in 24 patients. The control group comprised 13 patients with a mean age of 27.4 ± 3.3 years who had not undergone RBCX during pregnancy. Four of the five patients who developed a vasoocclusive crisis died. There was a significant difference in maternal mortality between the study and control groups (p = 0.011). There was also a significant difference in the incidence of vasoocclusive crisis between the study and control groups. One fetal death occurred in the 20th gestational week in a patient in the control group, although there were no postpartum complications in either the babies or the mothers in the control group.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that prophylactic RBCX during pregnancy is a feasible and safe procedure for prevention of complications. Given the decrease in the risks of transfusion, RBCX warrants further study.
Radioresistance of cancer stem‐like cell derived from canine tumours
Authors: Tanabe A. , Deguchi T. , Sato T. , Nemoto Y. , Maruo T. , Madarame H. , Shida T. , Naya Y. , Ogihara K. , Sahara H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCancer stem‐like cells (CSCs)/cancer‐initiating cells (CICs) are a small subpopulation of cancer cells that are responsible for the initiation, recurrence and metastasis of cancer. We previously demonstrated that, using the Hoechst 33342 dye‐based side population technique, CSCs/CICs in canine lung adenocarcinoma cell line exist. In this study, as CSCs/CICs are known to form spheres in anchorage‐independent environment in vitro, we evaluated the stemness of spheroid cells derived from canine lung adenocarcinoma and osteosarcoma cells by expression of stemness markers, and investigated radioresistance. Spheroid cells showed greater expression of stemness markers Oct‐4 and CD133 gene than those of adherent‐cultured cells. In nude mouse xenograft models, spheroid cells showed higher tumourigenic ability than adherent‐cultured cells. In addition, spheroid cells showed significantly resistant against radioactivity as compared with adherent‐cultured cells. These results suggest that spheroid cells could possess stemness and provide a CSCs/CICs research tool to investigate CSCs/CICs of canine tumour cells.
Relationship between Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Exposure and Selection for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance in a Hollow-Fiber Infection Model
Authors: VanScoy Brian D. , Mendes Rodrigo E. , Castanheira Mariana , McCauley Jennifer , Bhavnani Sujata M. , Jones Ronald N. , Friedrich Lawrence V. , Steenbergen Judith N. , Ambrose Paul G. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

It is important to understand the relationship between antibiotic exposure and the selection of drug resistance in the context of therapy exposure. We sought to identify the ceftolozane-tazobactam exposure necessary to prevent the amplification of drug-resistant bacterial subpopulations in a hollow-fiber infection model. Two
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
challenge isolates were selected for study, a wild-type ATCC strain (ceftolozane-tazobactam MIC, 0.5 mg/liter) and a clinical isolate (ceftolozane-tazobactam MIC, 4 mg/liter). The experiment duration was 10 days, and the ceftolozane-tazobactam dose ratio (2:1) and dosing interval (every 8 h) were selected to approximate those expected to be used clinically. The studied ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens ranged from 62.5/31.25 to 2,000/1,000 mg per dose in step fold dilutions. Negative-control arms included no treatment and tazobactam at 500 mg every 8 h. Positive-control arms included ceftolozane at 1 g every 8 h and piperacillin-tazobactam dosed at 4.5 g every 6 h. For the wild-type ATCC strain, resistance was not selected by any ceftolozane-tazobactam regimen evaluated. For the clinical isolate, an inverted-U-shaped function best described the relationship between the amplification of a drug-resistant subpopulation and drug exposure. The least (62.5/31.25 mg) and most (2,000/1,000 mg) intensive ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens did not select for drug resistance. Drug resistance selection was observed with intermediately intensive dosing regimens (125/62.5 through 1,000/500 mg). For the intermediately intensive ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens, the duration until the selection for drug resistance increased with dose regimen intensity. These data support the selection of ceftolozane-tazobactam dosing regimens that minimize the potential for on-therapy drug resistance selection.
Staphylococcus aureus Hyaluronidase Is a CodY-Regulated Virulence Factor
Authors: Ibberson Carolyn B. , Jones Crystal L. , Singh Shweta , Wise Matthew C. , Hart Mark E. , Zurawski Daniel V. , Horswill Alexander R. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is a Gram-positive pathogen that causes a diverse range of bacterial infections. Invasive
S. aureus
strains secrete an extensive arsenal of hemolysins, immunomodulators, and exoenzymes to cause disease. Our studies have focused on the secreted enzyme hyaluronidase (HysA), which cleaves the hyaluronic acid polymer at the β-1,4 glycosidic bond. In the study described in this report, we have investigated the regulation and contribution of this enzyme to
S. aureus
pathogenesis. Using the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library (NTML), we identified eight insertions that modulate extracellular levels of HysA activity. Insertions in the
sigB
operon, as well as in genes encoding the global regulators SarA and CodY, significantly increased HysA protein levels and activity. By altering the availability of branched-chain amino acids, we further demonstrated CodY-dependent repression of HysA activity. Additionally, through mutation of the CodY binding box upstream of
hysA
, the repression of HysA production was lost, suggesting that CodY is a direct repressor of
hysA
expression. To determine whether HysA is a virulence factor, a Δ
hysA
mutant of a community-associated methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(CA-MRSA) USA300 strain was constructed and found to be attenuated in a neutropenic, murine model of pulmonary infection. Mice infected with this mutant strain exhibited a 4-log-unit reduction in bacterial burden in their lungs, as well as reduced lung pathology and increased levels of pulmonary hyaluronic acid, compared to mice infected with the wild-type, parent strain. Taken together, these results indicate that
S. aureus
hyaluronidase is a CodY-regulated virulence factor.
Epithelial Anion Transporter Pendrin Contributes to Inflammatory Lung Pathology in Mouse Models of Bordetella pertussis Infection
Authors: Scanlon Karen M. , Gau Yael , Zhu Jingsong , Skerry Ciaran , Wall Susan M. , Soleimani Manoocher , Carbonetti Nicholas H. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Pertussis disease, characterized by severe and prolonged coughing episodes, can progress to a critical stage with pulmonary inflammation and death in young infants. However, there are currently no effective treatments for pertussis. We previously studied the role of pertussis toxin (PT), an important
Bordetella pertussis
virulence factor, in lung transcriptional responses to
B. pertussis
infection in mouse models. One of the genes most highly upregulated in a PT-dependent manner encodes an epithelial transporter of bicarbonate, chloride, and thiocyanate, named pendrin, that contributes to asthma pathology. In this study, we found that pendrin expression is upregulated at both gene and protein levels in the lungs of
B. pertussis
-infected mice. Pendrin upregulation is associated with PT production by the bacteria and with interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production by the host.
B. pertussis
-infected pendrin knockout (KO) mice had higher lung bacterial loads than infected pendrin-expressing mice but had significantly reduced levels of lung inflammatory pathology. However, reduced pathology did not correlate with reduced inflammatory cytokine expression. Infected pendrin KO mice had higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines than infected pendrin-expressing mice, suggesting that these inflammatory mediators are less active in the airways in the absence of pendrin. In addition, treatment of
B. pertussis
-infected mice with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide reduced lung inflammatory pathology without affecting pendrin synthesis or bacterial loads. Together these data suggest that PT contributes to pertussis pathology through the upregulation of pendrin, which promotes conditions favoring inflammatory pathology. Therefore, pendrin may represent a novel therapeutic target for treatment of pertussis disease.
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Detection of Recurrent Same-Site Deep Vein Thrombosis by Illuminating Recently Formed, Neutrophil-Rich Thrombus
Authors: Hara Tetsuya , Truelove Jessica , Tawakol Ahmed , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Hucker William J. , MacNabb Megan H. , Brownell Anna-Liisa , Jokivarsi Kimmo , Kessinger Chase W. , Jaff Michael R. , Henke Peter K. , Weissleder Ralph , Jaffer Farouc A. 
Published: July 2014

Background—

Accurate detection of recurrent same-site deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a challenging clinical problem. Because DVT formation and resolution are associated with a preponderance of inflammatory cells, we investigated whether noninvasive
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging could identify inflamed, recently formed thrombi and thereby improve the diagnosis of recurrent DVT.

Methods and Results—

We established a stasis-induced DVT model in murine jugular veins and also a novel model of recurrent stasis DVT in mice. C57BL/6 mice (n=35) underwent ligation of the jugular vein to induce stasis DVT. FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) was performed at DVT time points of day 2, 4, 7, 14, or 2+16 (same-site recurrent DVT at day 2 overlying a primary DVT at day 16). Antibody-based neutrophil depletion was performed in a subset of mice before DVT formation and FDG-PET/CT. In a clinical study, 38 patients with lower extremity DVT or controls undergoing FDG-PET were analyzed. Stasis DVT demonstrated that the highest FDG signal occurred at day 2, followed by a time-dependent decrease (
P
<0.05). Histological analyses demonstrated that thrombus neutrophils (
P
<0.01), but not macrophages, correlated with thrombus PET signal intensity. Neutrophil depletion decreased FDG signals in day 2 DVT in comparison with controls (
P
=0.03). Recurrent DVT demonstrated significantly higher FDG uptake than organized day 14 DVT (
P
=0.03). The FDG DVT signal in patients also exhibited a time-dependent decrease (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
Noninvasive FDG-PET/CT identifies neutrophil-dependent thrombus inflammation in murine DVT, and demonstrates a time-dependent signal decrease in both murine and clinical DVT. FDG-PET/CT may offer a molecular imaging strategy to accurately diagnose recurrent DVT.
Diurnal Restratification Events in the Southeast Pacific Trade Wind Regime
Authors: Weller Robert A. , Majumder Sudip , Tandon Amit 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the occurrence of diurnal restratification events found in the southeast trade wind regime off northern Chile. This is a region where persistent marine stratus clouds are found and where there is a less than complete understanding of the dynamics that govern the maintenance of the sea surface temperature. A surface mooring deployed in the region provides surface meteorological, air–sea flux, and upper-ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity data. In the presence of steady southeast trade winds and strong evaporation, a warm, salty surface mixed layer is found in the upper ocean. During the year, these trade winds, at times, drop dramatically and surface heating leads to the formation of shallow, warm diurnal mixed layers over one to several days. At the end of such a low wind period, mean sea surface temperature is warmer. Though magnitudes of the individual diurnal warming events are consistent with local forcing, as judged by running a one-dimensional model, the net warming at the end of a low wind event is more difficult to predict. This is found to stem from differences between the observed and predicted near-inertial shear and the depths over which the warmed water is distributed. As a result, the evolution of SST has a dependency on these diurnal restratification events and on near-surface processes that govern the depth over which the heat gained during such events is distributed.
The RelB alternative NF-kappaB subunit promotes autophagy in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells in vitro and affects mouse xenograft tumor growth in vivo
Authors: Labouba Ingrid , Poisson Alexis , Lafontaine Julie , Delvoye Nathalie , Gannon Philippe O , Le Page Cécile , Saad Fred , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The involvement of NF-κB signaling in prostate cancer (PCa) has largely been established through the study of the classical p65 subunit. Nuclear localization of p65 in PCa patient tissues has been shown to correlate with biochemical recurrence, while in vitro studies have demonstrated that the classical NF-κB signaling pathway promotes PCa progression and metastatic potential. More recently, the nuclear location of RelB, a member of the alternative NF-κB signaling, has also been shown to correlate with the Gleason score. The current study aims to clarify the role of alternative NF-κB in PCa cells by exploring, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of RelB overexpression on PCa biology.

Methods
Using a lentivirus-expression system, we constitutively overexpressed RelB or control GFP into 22Rv1 cells and monitored alternative transcriptional NF-κB activity. In vivo, tumor growth was assessed after the injection of 22Rv1-derived cells into SCID mice. In vitro, the impact of RelB on 22Rv1 cell proliferation was evaluated in monolayer culture. The anchorage-independent cell growth of derived-22Rv1 cells was assessed by soft agar assay. Apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated by Western blot analysis in 22Rv1-derived cells cultured in suspension using poly-HEMA pre-coated dishes.

Results
The overexpression of RelB in 22Rv1 cells induced the constitutive activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway. In vivo, RelB expression caused a lag in the initiation of 22Rv1-induced tumors in SCID mice. In vitro, RelB stimulated the proliferation of 22Rv1 cells and reduced their ability to grow in soft agar. These observations may be reconciled by our findings that, when cultured in suspension on poly-HEMA pre-coated dishes, 22Rv1 cells expressing RelB were more susceptible to cell death, and more specifically to autophagy controlled death.

Conclusions
This study highlights a role of the alternative NF-κB pathway in proliferation and the controlled autophagy. Thus, the interplay of these properties may contribute to tumor survival in stress conditions while promoting PCa cells growth contributing to the overall tumorigenicity of these cells.
Current-voltage characteristics of nanoplatelet-based conductive nanocomposites
Authors: Oskouyi Amirhossein Biabangard , Sundararaj Uttandaraman , Mertiny Pierre 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this study, a numerical modeling approach was used to investigate the current-voltage behavior of conductive nanoplatelet-based nanocomposites. A three-dimensional continuum Monte Carlo model was employed to randomly disperse the nanoplatelets in a cubic representative volume element. A nonlinear finite element-based model was developed to evaluate the electrical behavior of the nanocomposite for different levels of the applied electric field. Also, the effect of filler loading on nonlinear conductivity behavior of nanocomposites was investigated. The validity of the developed model was verified through qualitative comparison of the simulation results with results obtained from experimental works.
Genetic fragmentation in India’s third longest river system, the Narmada
Authors: Khedkar Gulab D , Jamdade Rahul , Kalyankar Amol , Tiknaik Anita , Ron Tetsuzan Benny , Haymer David 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
India’s third longest river, the Narmada, is studied here for the potential effects on native fish populations of river fragmentation due to various barriers including dams and a waterfall. The species we studied include a cyprinid fish, Catla catla, and a mastacembelid, Mastacembelus armatus, both of which are found in the Narmada. Our goal was to use DNA sequence information from the D-loop region of the mitochondrial DNA to explore how this fragmentation could impact the genetic structure of these fish populations. Our results clearly show that these barriers can contribute to the fragmentation of the genetic structure of these fish communities, Furthermore, these barriers enhance the effects of natural isolation by distance and the asymmetry of dispersal flows. This may be a slow process, but it can create significant isolation and result in genetic disparity. In particular, populations furthest upstream having low migration rates could be even more subject to genetic impoverishment. This study serves as a first report of its kind for a river system on the Indian subcontinent. The results of this study also emphasize the need for appropriate attention towards the creation of fish passages across the dams and weirs that could help in maintaining biodiversity.
Substantiation of Industrial Facilities Safety by Risk Criteria and Earlystage Diagnostics
Authors: Пермяков  , Permyakov V. , Новосёлов  , Novoselov N. , Махутов  , Makhutov Nikolay , Спасибов  , Spasibov V. 
Published: July 2014

The paper reviews integrated issues of safety and risks of technosphere objects. Importance of complex consideration of
technogenic, natural and human reasons for onset and progress of emergencies is stressed. Issues of multi-object earlystage
diagnostics (including acoustic emission, fragile strain-sensitive covers and aerosols) are up-to-date challenges for
potentially hazardous oil and gas facilities of crucial and strategic importance. Such diagnostics promote prevention of
crashes and catastrophes.
Improving the Efficiency of Cold Production
Authors: Синцов  , Sintsov A. 
Published: July 2014

The paper is dedicated to the use of renewable energy in cold production, particularly to recycling low temperature heat (below 160
°C) by the absorption chiller (AС). In most, it is a secondary energy resource, which eliminates carbon emissions and thermal pollution.
The possibility of increasing the efficiency of cold production for different consumers (including air conditioning) is considered. The
result is achieved by using a seasonal cold accumulator, which is also a renewable source. Structural diagram and description of
the workflow are proposed. The example of a single-stage water-ammonia AС illustrates the effect of external temperatures on the
workflow. Results of thermodynamic calculations prove efficiency of combined AС and seasonal cold accumulator.
High Efficiency Cyclone Filters for Decontamination of Dust and Gas Emissions
Authors: Каргашилов  , Kargashilov D. , Романюк  , Romanyuk E. , Некрасов  , Nekrasov A. 
Published: July 2014

The article studies the new construction of cyclone and the results of its testing, which confirm higher efficiency of air
decontamination and lower hydraulic resistance. Operation process of the cyclone and methods of its geometric parameters’
calculation are provided.
Student veterinary surgeon support for and knowledge of veterinary nursing professional regulation in the UK
Authors: Garlick Katy , Orpet Hilary 
Published: July 2014

Objective: To investigate UK student veterinary surgeons’ knowledge of and support for the veterinary nursing profession and how this differs between veterinary institutions. Methods: Data were examined from a quantitative questionnaire, sent to the population of final year veterinary students at each of the seven veterinary institutions in the UK. Results: An association was found between respondents attending a university offering a veterinary nursing degree and increased support for the veterinary nursing profession (p=0.016), this however did not influence respondents knowledge of the veterinary nursing profession. No statistical correlation was found between the university a respondent attended and respondents’ knowledge of and support for the veterinary nursing profession. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that final year veterinary students supported the veterinary nursing profession and veterinary student knowledge of the veterinary nursing profession was evenly distributed amongst the student veterinary surgeon population. Veterinary students attending universities which also offered veterinary nursing courses showed increased support for the veterinary nursing profession.