bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoke-free legislation and the incidence of paediatric respiratory infections and wheezing/asthma: interrupted time series analyses in the four UK nations
Authors: Been Jasper V. , Szatkowski Lisa , van Staa Tjeerd-Pieter , Leufkens Hubert G. , van Schayck Onno C. , Sheikh Aziz , de Vries Frank , Souverein Patrick 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe investigated the association between introduction of smoke-free legislation in the UK (March 2006 for Scotland, April 2007 for Wales and Northern Ireland and July 2007 for England) and the incidence of respiratory diseases among children. We extracted monthly counts of new diagnoses of wheezing/asthma and RTIs among children aged 0–12 years from all general practices in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink during 1997–2012. Interrupted time series analyses were performed using generalised additive mixed models, adjusting for underlying incidence trends, population size changes, seasonal factors and pandemic influenza, as appropriate. 366,642 new wheezing/asthma diagnoses and 4,324,789 RTIs were observed over 9,536,003 patient-years. There was no statistically significant change in the incidence of wheezing/asthma after introduction of smoke-free legislation in England (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.94, 95% CI 0.81–1.09) or any other UK country (Scotland: IRR 0.99, 95% CI 0.83–1.19; Wales: IRR 1.09, 95% CI 0.89–1.35; Northern Ireland: IRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.76–1.22). Similarly no statistically significant changes in RTI incidence were demonstrated (England: IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.86–1.06; Scotland: IRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.83–1.11; Wales: IRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86–1.09; Northern Ireland: IRR 0.90, 95% CI 0.79–1.03). There were no demonstrable reductions in the incidence of paediatric wheezing/asthma or RTIs following introduction of smoke-free legislation in the UK.
Immunometabolism of obesity and diabetes: microbiota link compartmentalized immunity in the gut to metabolic tissue inflammation
Authors: McPhee Joseph B. , Schertzer Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2015

The bacteria that inhabit us have emerged as factors linking immunity and metabolism. Changes in our microbiota can modify obesity and the immune underpinnings of metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Obesity coincides with a low-level systemic inflammation, which also manifests within metabolic tissues such as adipose tissue and liver. This metabolic inflammation can promote insulin resistance and dysglycaemia. However, the obesity and metabolic disease-related immune responses that are compartmentalized in the intestinal environment do not necessarily parallel the inflammatory status of metabolic tissues that control blood glucose. In fact, a permissive immune environment in the gut can exacerbate metabolic tissue inflammation. Unravelling these discordant immune responses in different parts of the body and establishing a connection between nutrients, immunity and the microbiota in the gut is a complex challenge. Recent evidence positions the relationship between host gut barrier function, intestinal T cell responses and specific microbes at the crossroads of obesity and inflammation in metabolic disease. A key problem to be addressed is understanding how metabolite, immune or bacterial signals from the gut are relayed and transferred into systemic or metabolic tissue inflammation that can impair insulin action preceding Type 2 diabetes.
10 GHz CMOS hybrid reflective‐type phase shifter with enhanced phase shifting range
Authors: Li Jinbo , Shu Ran , Gu Qun J. 
Published: October 2015

A new idea is presented to boost the phase shifting range of a reflective‐type phase shifter (RTPS) by leveraging the parasitic capacitance; however, without any cost or design overhead. In contrast to the conventional RTPS, where the parasitic capacitance degrades the phase shifting range, a simple position interchange of electronic components leads to an enlarged tuning range. This mechanism is analysed thoroughly and validated by simulation and measurement results. Two RTPSs with different component positions are fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology. Grounding inductors leads to a more than 30° phase shifting range than the conventional ones without this arrangement. The S11 is measured at <−10 dB from 9 to 10.75 GHz and the S21 is −6 dB with <0.6 dB variations at 10.2 GHz. This technique also provides design insights for phase shifting and tuning range enhancement of general resonant networks.
Integrated system of free‐space optical and visible light communication for indoor wireless broadband access
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Liu Lu , Chen Te , Hu Weiwei 
Published: October 2015

An integrated system of free‐space optical communication and visible light communication for indoor wireless broadband access is proposed. The proposed system features all‐optical links and high capacity. As a proof of concept, 16‐ and 32‐quadrature amplitude modulation single‐carrier frequency domain equalisation transmissions over equivalent 2 km free‐space, 1 km single‐mode fibre, and 2 m indoor free‐space link are demonstrated. About 300 Mbit/s data rate with bit error rate under the forward error correction limit (3.8 × 10−3) and clear constellation maps are achieved.
Broadband suspended stripline to air‐filled rectangular waveguide transition
Authors: Dong Jun , Peng Hao , Liu Yu , Lin Haodong , Yang Tao 
Published: October 2015

A broadband transition between a suspended stripline (SSL) and a rectangular waveguide is presented. To improve the bandwidth of the transition, a U‐shaped patch is introduced. A back‐to‐back transition prototype has been designed and fabricated for purpose of verification. Experimental results show that the transition has an insertion loss of less than 0.26 dB and a return loss better than 18.5 dB over the entire Ka‐band (26.5–40 GHz), which agrees well with the simulated results. As compared with the SSL‐to‐waveguide transition using a reduced‐height waveguide, the fractional bandwidth is increased from 29.5 to 40.9%. Moreover, with the reduced‐height waveguide removed, the circuit structure has been simplified. The proposed transition provides a good performance while maintaining a simple circuit structure.
N‐over‐N cascode push–pull modulator driver in 130 nm CMOS enabling 20 Gbit/s optical interconnection with Mach‐Zehnder modulator
Authors: Liu S. , Thomson D.J. , Li K. , Wilson P. , Reed G.T. 
Published: October 2015

The N‐over‐N cascode push–pull modulator driver is demonstrated at 20 Gbit/s with IBM 130 nm technology. Electro‐optical measurement of the modulator driver integrated with a Mach‐Zehnder modulator (MZM) is also presented. This modulator driver achieves 50 Ω output impedance matching (for the MZM) with on‐chip termination. The power consumption of the modulator driver is 312 mW and the output swing is 3.4 Vpp on the differential.
Zinc Supplementation and the Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Karamali M. , Heidarzadeh Z. , Seifati S.-M. , Samimi M. , Tabassi Z. , Talaee N. , Bahardoost H. , Asemi Z. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective: The current study was designed to determine the beneficial effects of zinc intake on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM).Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 50 women with GDM. Patients were randomly allocated to intake either 233 mg zinc gluconate (containing 30 mg zinc) (n=25) or a placebo (n=25) for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at the fist of the study and after 6 weeks of intervention to quantify related variables. Newborn’s weight, height, head circumference, Apgar score, and hyperbilirubinemia were determined.Results: The change in serum zinc levels after 6 weeks of supplementation was greater in women consuming zinc than in the placebo group (+8.5±13.5 vs. −3.6±16.2 mg/dL, P=0.006). Changes in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−110.1±1 475.5 vs. +1 137.8±2 429.2 ng/mL, P=0.03) and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+60.0±129.0 vs. −28.4±81.4 mmol/L, P=0.006) were significantly different between the supplemented women and placebo group. We did not find any significant effect of zinc administration on pregnancy outcomes.Conclusion: Taken together, zinc administration among patients with GDM was associated with decreased hs-CRP and increased TAC concentrations; however, it did not influence maternal plasma nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, or pregnancy outcomes.
Towards typologies of urban climate and global environmental change
Authors: Creutzig Felix 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The beauty of cities is that every city is different. From the homogenizing perspective of global environmental change that speaks trouble. We need an understanding of which kind of cities can contribute what kind of measures to mitigate and adapt to global environmental change. Typologies of cities offer a bridge between the idiosyncratic and the global. Bounoua et al (2015 Environ. Res. Lett.

10 084010) analyse the impact of urbanization on surface climate. We discuss their results and suggest avenues for further systematic analysis.
Comparison of Acceptability of Traditional and Novel Blood Pressure
Measurement Methods
Authors: Lindroos Annika S. , Jula Antti M. , Puukka Pauli J. , Kantola Ilkka , Salomaa Veikko , Juhanoja Eeva , Sivén Sam , Jousilahti Pekka , Niiranen Teemu J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Blood pressure (BP) monitor technology has developed significantly over the past years with the introduction of smaller and quieter home and ambulatory monitors that can both measure BP at night. The acceptability of different BP measurement methods using modern monitors is currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare patients’ acceptability of traditional and novel BP measurement methods using up-to-date monitors.

METHODS
A population sample of 223 participants underwent 4 office measurements on 2 occasions, a 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and 4 home measurements on 7 consecutive days with home nighttime (home-night) measurements on 2 nights. The acceptability of each method was evaluated with a questionnaire. Analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni correction was used to compare mean acceptability scores.

RESULTS
Mean acceptability score, with a lower score indicating better acceptability, decreased from ambulatory (3.11±0.93) to home-night (2.74±0.81) to home (2.20±0.70) to office (1.95±0.63) measurements ( P &lt; 0.001 for all between-method comparisons). The largest between-method differences were observed in comfort of use and disturbance of everyday activities ( P &lt; 0.001). 73.1%, 31.8%, 1.3%, and 2.2% rated office, home, home-night, and ambulatory measurements as the most acceptable method, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
In the general population and under a research setting, office BP measurement was the method most preferred by the participants while home measurement was the second most preferred. Home-night measurement was slightly more preferred than ambulatory monitoring. However, before home-night BP measurement can be widely promoted as an alternative method for measuring nighttime BP, more evidence of its prognostic significance is needed.
Heterogeneity and diversity of group 3 innate lymphoid cells: new cells on the block
Authors: Satoh-Takayama Naoko 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a newly identified subset of innate cells that play fundamentally crucial roles for early immune defense at mucosal and non-mucosal sites. ILCs consist of ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, which each have distinct transcription factors controlling their development and function. Interestingly, each of the ILC subsets represents the innate counterparts of CD4 + helper T-cell subsets T h1 , T h2 and T h17 on the basis of transcriptional regulation. ILC1s that produce IFN-γ or TNF-α, ILC2s that produce T h2 -type cytokines mainly such as IL-5 or IL-13 and ILC3s have been recently reported and reviewed in terms of IL-22- or IL-17-producing function and cell development. However, in this relatively new field, it remains likely that additional functional and regulatory mechanisms remain to be explored. More recent findings show that ILC3s are regulated by RORγt, which plays an important role for the mucosal barrier and surface protection against pathogenic bacterial infection. ILC3s might cooperate with other cells (e.g. T cells or dendritic cells) directly or indirectly, and subsequently ILC3s have impact on tissues with prompt regulation. Especially, ILC3s in mucosal site are well known to protect the intestinal surface barrier through inducible anti-microbial peptides via IL-22. Here, I will summarize and discuss the roles, function and heterogeneity of ILC3s in mucosal tissues.
Retracted: Research Article Flavocoxid Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Disruption of the Blood-Testis Barrier and Improves Testicular Damage and Germ Cell Impairment in Mice
Authors: Minutoli Letteria , Micali Antonio , Pisani Antonina , Puzzolo Domenico , Bitto Alessandra , Rinaldi Mariagrazia , Pizzino Gabriele , Irrera Natasha , Galfo Federica , Arena Salvatore , Pallio Giovanni , Mecchio Anna , Germanà Antonino , Bruschetta Daniele , Laurà Rosaria , Magno Carlo , Marini Herbert , Squadrito Francesco , Altavilla Domenica 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCadmium (Cd) causes male infertility. There is the need to identify safe treatments counteracting this toxicity. Flavocoxid is a flavonoid that induces a balanced inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 peroxidase moieties and of 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and has efficacy in the male genitourinary system. We investigated flavocoxid effects on Cd-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Swiss mice were divided into 4 groups: 2 control groups received 0.9% NaCl (vehicle; 1 ml/kg/day) or flavocoxid (20 mg/kg/day ip); 2 groups were challenged with cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 2 mg/kg/day ip) and administered with vehicle or flavocoxid. The treatment lasted for 1 or 2 weeks. The testes were processed for biochemical and morphological studies. CdCl2 increased phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) 1/2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, COX-2, 5-LOX, malondialdehyde (MDA), B-cell-lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein (Bax), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), transforming growth factor (TGF) -β3, decreased Bcl-2, testosterone, inhibin-B, occludin, N-Cadherin, induced structural damages in the testis and disrupted the blood-testis barrier. Many TUNEL-positive germ cells and changes in claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin localization were present. Flavocoxid administration reduced, in a time-dependent way, p-ERK 1/2, TNF-α, COX-2, 5-LOX, MDA, Bax, FSH, LH, TGF-β3, augmented Bcl-2, testosterone, inhibin B, occludin, N-Cadherin, and improved the structural organization of the testis and the blood-testis barrier. Few TUNEL-positive germ cells were present and a morphological retrieval of the intercellular junctions was observed. In conclusion, flavocoxid has a protective anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic function against Cd-induced toxicity in mice testis. We suggest that flavocoxid may play a relevant positive role against environmental levels of Cd, otherwise deleterious to gametogenesis and tubular integrity.
Air in All the Wrong Places
Authors: Hsu Benson S. , Jones-Sapienza Sarah A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Extraluminal air can occur through a wide variety of mechanisms. Often, the free air resides in isolated regions including the thorax, the peritoneum, or the mediastinum. We present a pediatric case where there was extensive extraluminal air simultaneously within several regions, one of which has never been reported in the literature.
Outcome of Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatients With Fever and Central Line
Authors: Alexander Thomas , Blatt Julie , Skinner Asheley Cockrell , Jhaveri Ravi , Jobson Meghan , Freeman Katherine 
Published: October 2015

Objective
Although management algorithms for fever and central venous catheters (CVCs) have been implemented for pediatric oncology (PO) patients, management of pediatric outpatients with noncancer diagnoses and CVCs lacks clear protocols. The aim of the study was to assess outcomes for pediatric outpatients with gastrointestinal disorders presenting with fever and CVC.

Methods
Using a microbiology database and emergency department records, we created a database of pediatric gastroenterology (PGI) and PO outpatients with fever and a CVC who presented to our emergency department or clinics from January 2010 through December 2012. We excluded patients who had severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count, <500/mm3). We performed chart reviews to assess demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results
A total of 334 episodes in 144 patients were evaluated. Fifty-three percent (95% confidence interval, 38%–68%) of PGI patients had a bloodstream infection, whereas only 9% (95% confidence interval, 5%-14%) of PO patients had a bloodstream infection (P < 0.001). Among patients with a bloodstream infection, the PGI patients were more likely than the PO patients to have polymicrobial infections (46% vs 15%), gram-negative infections (57% vs 27%), and/or infection with enteric organisms (61% vs 23%). The PGI patients had higher rates of CVC removal (19% vs 4%) but no statistical difference in intensive care unit needs (11% vs 4%).

Conclusions
Pediatric gastroenterology outpatients with fever and a CVC have a high prevalence of bloodstream infection. Algorithms for management need to be subspecialty specific. Pediatric gastroenterology patients presenting to emergency departments or clinics with fever and CVC require admission for monitoring and management.
Sudden Collapse of a Preschool-Aged Child on the Playground
Authors: Scheller RoseAnn L. , Johnson Laurie H. , Caruso Michelle C. , Lorts Angela 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
Primary cardiac events are rare in children. There is little information in the literature regarding the most appropriate emergency department (ED) management of this type of pediatric patient, especially with regard to medication use.

Summary
This case highlights the pediatric ED evaluation and treatment of sudden collapse in a child with an ultimate diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac disorders represent 2% to 6% of cases of pediatric syncope presenting to EDs, particularly if there are previous prodromal symptoms and/or a history of exertion. Evaluation should include electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, and echocardiogram if available. Management should focus on decreasing the potential for a recurring arrhythmia while maintaining cardiac preload, which can be worsened with certain medication use.

Conclusions
Although primary cardiac events in children are rare, a high index of suspicion should be maintained especially with a history of prodromal symptoms or collapse during exertion. If cardiac etiology is suspected, deliberate management should be used to exclude a treatment that could be detrimental. This case report provides an initial assessment and recommendations for management of these patients.
Cardiac Injury After All-Terrain Vehicle Accidents in 2 Children and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Ngo Kimberly D. , Pian Phillip , Hanfland Robert , Nichols Christopher S. , Merritt Glenn R. , Campbell David , Ing Richard J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
All-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents leading to severe morbidity and mortality are common. At our institution, 2 children presented within weeks of each other after ATV accidents. Both children required cardiac valve surgery. The surgical management of these 2 children is discussed, and the literature is reviewed. On initial patient presentation, the diagnosis of a ruptured cardiac valve or ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with these types of accidents is often delayed. We propose that patients presenting with evidence of high-energy blunt thoracic trauma after an ATV accident should undergo an electrocardiogram, cardiac enzyme assessment, and cardiac echocardiogram as part of the initial work-up to rule out significant myocardial injury.
A Toddler With Uncontrollable Shaking After a Minor Fall
Authors: Wu Henry , Mody Ameer P. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A toddler with a closed head injury six days prior to admission, recently diagnosed with post-concussive syndrome and acute otitis media presented to our emergency department with complaint of uncontrollable shaking of the head and extremities. Physical examination demonstrated dancing movements of the eyes and truncal ataxia, concerning for the diagnosis of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging study was consistent with a retroperitoneal mass that was confirmed as neuroblastoma by metaiodobenzylguanidine scan and later surgical resection. We present this case, accompanied by a video of the patient, to help the emergency physician recognize this rare and often misdiagnosed syndrome.
Projection-specific visual feature encoding by layer 5 cortical subnetworks
Authors: Lur Gyorgy , Vinck Martin A. , Tang Lan , Cardin Jessica A. , Higley Michael J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryPrimary neocortical sensory areas act as central hubs, distributing afferent information to numerous cortical and subcortical structures. However, it remains unclear whether each downstream target receives distinct versions of sensory information. We usedin vivocalcium imaging combined with retrograde tracing to monitor visual response properties of three distinct subpopulations of projection neurons in primary visual cortex. While there is overlap across the groups, on average corticotectal (CT) cells exhibit lower contrast thresholds and broader tuning for orientation and spatial frequency in comparison to corticostriatal (CS) cells, while corticocortical (CC) cells have intermediate properties. Noise correlational analyses support the hypothesis that CT cells integrate information across diverse layer 5 populations, whereas CS and CC cells form more selectively interconnected groups. Overall, our findings demonstrate the existence of functional subnetworks within layer 5 that may differentially route visual information to behaviorally relevant downstream targets.