bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural substrates of risky decision making in individuals with Internet addiction
Authors: Seok Ji-Woo , Lee Kyung Hwa , Sohn Sunju , Sohn Jin-Hun 
Published: August 2015

Objective: With the wide and rapid expansion of computers and smartphones, Internet use has become an essential part of life and an important tool that serves various purposes. Despite the advantages of Internet use, psychological and behavioral problems, including Internet addiction, have been reported. In response to growing concern, researchers have focused on the characteristics of Internet addicts. However, relatively little is known about the behavioral and neural mechanisms that underlie Internet addiction, especially with respect to risky decision making, which is an important domain frequently reported in other types of addictions. Method: To examine the neural characteristics of decision making in Internet addicts, Internet addicts and healthy controls were scanned while they performed a financial decision-making task. Results: Relative to healthy controls, Internet addicts showed (1) more frequent risky decision making; (2) greater activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left caudate nucleus, which are brain regions involved in conflict monitoring and reward, respectively; and (3) less activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, an area associated with cognitive control/regulation. Conclusion: These findings suggest that risky decision making may be an important behavioral characteristic of Internet addiction and that altered brain function in regions associated with conflict monitoring, reward and cognitive control/regulation might be critical biological risk factors for Internet addiction.
How do young people in Cambodia perceive the impact of societal attitudes, media and religion on suicidal behaviour?
Authors: Jegannathan Bhoomikumar , Kullgren Gunnar , Dahlblom Kjerstin 
Published: August 2015

Background: Young people in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in societal transitions with rapidly changing norms face an increased risk of suicide. This study explores how young people in Cambodia understand the impact on suicidal behaviour from societal attitudes, media and religion. Material: Focus group discussions were held with school students from a suburban area. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. Discussion: Participants perceived the prevailing suicide-stigmatizing societal attitudes, the double-edged media and suicide-ambiguity in Buddhist religion as challenging. Globalization was recognized as contradicting with traditional Cambodian norms and values. Conclusion: Suicide prevention programmes should take into consideration the complex picture of suicide that young people are exposed to.
Assembling a Career
Authors: Matheny Christopher J. , Chan Hsun-yu , Wang Xueli 
Published: August 2015

Objective: Research on labor market outcomes for individuals who enroll in technical colleges is limited, with even less attention to the effects of short-term certificates than associate degrees. Also, despite the importance of manufacturing programs, there is a lack of research on employment outcomes for individuals who enroll in these programs at technical colleges. In this study, we explored how types of credential earned are related to employment outcomes 4 years post-enrollment for students in manufacturing programs at public 2-year technical colleges in Wisconsin. Method: We drew upon administrative and wage data on over 6,000 first-time students matriculating into manufacturing-related programs at Wisconsin’s technical colleges between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2009. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression, we investigated the association between types of credentials earned and labor market outcomes while controlling for the sample’s socio-demographic background and academic experiences. Results: Our analyses revealed that students, particularly males, who completed an associate degree or a 2-year technical diploma were at an advantage in both rates of employment and earnings. White male students also enjoyed a stronger likelihood of being employed and earned higher annual wages than their ethnic minority counterparts. These advantages were not as manifest among female students. Contributions: Our study indicates that, to advance the employment prospects of technical college students, it is critical to expand institutional efforts to support longer term credential attainment. Our findings did not support the popular jobbing-out myth lingering in manufacturing education at the 2-year college level.
Adhesive behaviour and virulence of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from Italian cheeses
Authors: Artini Marco , Cellini Andrea , Papa Rosanna , Tilotta Marco , Scoarughi Gian Luca , Gazzola Simona , Fontana Cecilia , Tempera Gianna , Cocconcelli Pier Sandro , Selan Laura 
Published: August 2015

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) belong to saprophytic microbiota on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals and humans, but are also isolated from foodstuffs such as meat, cheese, and milk. In other circumstances, some CoNS can act as pathogens. Thus the presence of CoNS may not be an immediate danger to public health, but can become a risk factor. In particular antibiotic-resistant genes could be transferred to other potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, CoNS are known to be strong biofilm producers and this is also a risk factor for public health. The aim of the present work was to determine the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of 106 CoNS belonging to four different species isolated from five different Italian cheeses for the presence of some adhesion and virulence features. In order to verify a possible correlation between the formation of biofilm and staphylococcal virulence factors, we checked the presence of adhesin genes by PCR and we investigated the ability of these strains to make biofilm at different temperatures. Furthermore, in some conditions, we analyzed surface proteins and autolytic pattern of selected strains. In conclusion, we checked the presence of norA and mecA genes responsible for fluoroquinolones and methicillin resistance, respectively. We found resistant genes in a proportion of the food isolates in amounts of 9.4% ( mecA) and 5.7% ( norA). These data support the importance to continuously examine the microbiota not only for the creation of a database but also to safeguard public health.
The status of neonatal screening in China, 2013
Authors: Zhong Kun , Wang Wei , He Falin , Wang Zhiguo 
Published: August 2015

Objectives To investigate the status of neonatal screening in China in 2013. Method All Chinese neonatal screening laboratories were asked to submit information about the number of newborns screened and for which diseases, the rate of acceptable blood spots, and the time between sample collection and delivery to laboratories and reporting. Results Of the 202 laboratories, 194 (96%) submitted data. In 2013, 73.6% (142/193) of laboratories testing for phenylketonuria (PKU), 72.7% (141/194) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH), 58.9% (43/73) for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and 53.1% (34/64) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) screened more than 30,000 newborns. The incidences of PKU, CH, G6PD deficiency, and CAH were 1:12189, 1:2281, 1:44 and 1:6084, respectively. The estimated coverage of screening for PKU, CH, G6PD deficiency, and CAH were 86.3 ∼ 87.5%, 87.9 ∼ 89.1%, 24.0 ∼ 25.0% and 18.9% ∼ 19.9%, respectively. The rates of acceptable blood spots were ≥98% in 161 (87.0%) of 185 laboratories. More than half the laboratories could not achieve a time from collection to reporting of 5 days. Conclusion Neonatal screening has developed rapidly in China but the biggest challenge is still to increase coverage and expand the screening disease panel across the entire country. More government support is needed to make neonatal screening more efficient.
Activity Theory and Analyzing Learning in Simulations
Authors: Battista Alexis 
Published: August 2015

Purpose. The purpose of this theoretical article is to demonstrate how activity theory, a neo-Vygotskian sociocultural theory, can be used to analyze learning during simulation-based activities. Background. Simulations are complex, dynamic environments that evolve and change throughout implementation. Moreover, simulations simultaneously support multiple participants’ assigned different roles. This means that the learning within them is often co-constructed, rather than individually derived. These characteristics complicate understanding the learning within them. Method. This article presents a summary of the basic tenants of activity theory (AT), followed by a worked example to demonstrate how AT can be used as an analytic lens to generate rich description and analysis of participant activities as embedded in a complex dynamic simulation. Conclusions. Activity theory can be used as a theoretical lens in order to account for how participants partake in simulation-based learning contexts, which supports the rich description and analysis of how participants accomplish their goals.
Oxygen in the Setting of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Nijhawan Karan , Aggarwal Saurabh , Arora Rohit R. 
Published: August 2015

Introduction: Supplemental oxygen has been used in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Once an official recommendation in the guidelines for the management of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, it is now mentioned as an intervention to be considered. Data for the use of supplemental oxygen or AMI are limited, and some data have suggested associated harm. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature and a subsequent meta-analysis of the data to determine the effect of high concentration oxygen versus titrated oxygen or room air in the setting of AMI. The following end points were studied: in-hospital mortality, opiate use, percentage of infarcted myocardium by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and mass of infarcted myocardium by MRI. Results: No significant difference was noted with end points when comparing those randomized to high-concentration oxygen versus those randomized to titrated oxygen or room air in the setting of AMI. No significant publication bias was identified although this could not be assessed for all end points. Conclusion: High-concentration oxygen may not offer any benefit when compared to titrated oxygen or room air. A large, randomized trial is warranted to further delineate these differences with respect to multiple end points.
Retrospective assessment of peripheral nerve block techniques used in cats undergoing hindlimb orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Vettorato Enzo , Corletto Federico 
Published: August 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively the efficacy and complication rate of hindlimb peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) in cats. Methods Clinical records of cats that received PNBs and underwent hindlimb orthopaedic surgery from February 2010 to October 2014 were examined. Type of PNB, type and dose of local anaesthetic used, end-expiratory fraction of isoflurane (FE′Iso) administered, additional intraoperative analgesia, incidence of hypotension, postoperative opioid requirement, postoperative contralateral limb paralysis and neurological complications at the 6 week re-examination were investigated. Results Eighty-nine records were retrieved but only 69 were analysed. Four combinations of PNBs were used: 34 lateral preiliac (LPI) approach to lumbar plexus (LP) associated with lumbar paravertebral approach to sciatic nerve (SN); 20 LPI–LP associated with the lateral approach to SN; three LPI–LP associated with gluteal approach to SN; 12 dorsal-paravertebral (DPV) approach to LP associated with lateral SN. Levobupivacaine was used for the majority of PNBs. The mean intraoperative FE′Iso was 1.15%; hypotension was documented in 55.1% of anaesthetics, while 31.8% of cats received fentanyl and/or ketamine intraoperatively. Postoperatively, 72.7% of cats received at least one dose of opioid, while five cats required further postoperative analgesia (ketamine constant rate infusion and/or gabapentin). No cats showed contralateral limb paralysis and neurological complications at the 6 week re-examination. No differences were found when comparing the different PNBs used. Conclusions and relevance PNBs contributed to perioperative anaesthesia/analgesia in cats undergoing hindlimb orthopaedic surgery. However, the clinical relevance of intraoperative hypotension needs further investigation.
Arsenic Keratosis in a Patient from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Authors: Pratt Michelle , Wadden Patricia , Gulliver Wayne 
Published: August 2015

Background and Objective: Millions of people worldwide suffer from chronic arsenic poisoning due to contaminated drinking water. The devastating effects of chronic arsenic ingestion are multisystem, but depending on the dose and frequency of exposure, may take many years to become clinically apparent. The earliest and most common manifestations are dermatological, and therefore, recognition of hallmark lesions is key. In this report, we describe a suspected case of palmoplantar arsenical keratosis in a patient from Newfoundland, Canada. Methods: Case report and review of relevant literature via PubMed search. Results: A 64-year-old fisherman from rural Newfoundland presented with a 12-year history of hyperkeratotic palmoplantar papules/plaques. The lesions first appeared on the sole of his left foot but gradually extended to involve the sole of his right foot and palms. Numerous violaceous keratotic papules with erosions were observed. Both the patient and his wife were found to have elevated blood arsenic levels, and the arsenic concentration in their artesian well was 14.2 ug/L (maximum acceptable concentration: 10 ug/L). Interestingly, biopsy showed a lichen-sclerosis-like inflammatory pattern that seems to deviate from the classic histologic description. The patient is being treated with oral acitretin, and minor improvement has been noted. Conclusion: It is important to consider arsenic exposure whenever a patient presents with acral hyperkeratosis. Further research is needed to develop more effective treatments for chronic arsenicism and to determine the effects of very low-dose exposure and what truly constitutes a safe level.
Knee Kinematics Are Related to Patient-Reported Outcomes 6 Months After Anatomic ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Kalawadia Jay , Thorhauer Eric , Arilla Fabio Vicente , Azar Amir Ata Rahnemai , Zhang Caiyan , Fu Freddie H. , Tashman Scott , Irrgang James J. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is among the most common procedures performed in orthopaedics. Patient reported outcomes (PRO) are widely utilized to evaluate symptoms, activity, and participation in sport after ACL reconstruction. Although altered in vivo knee kinematics after ACL reconstruction have been reported, the association with PRO has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between PRO and dynamic knee kinematics as tracked by a Dynamic Stereo X-ray system (DSX system). Methods: Fifty subjects (33 males, age: 24.2 years ± 7.6, BMI: 24.7 ± 2.97) participating in a randomized clinical trial to compare anatomic single- and double-bundle ACL reconstruction underwent surgery using quadriceps tendon bone block autograft. Six months post-operatively, patients performed downhill treadmill running (3.0 meters/second, 10° slope) within a DSX system (150 hertz). Knee kinematics, determined using a validated process of matching DSX images and subject-specific tibiofemoral bone models derived from computed tomography scans, were expressed as a function of the gait cycle. Involved limb and differences in side-to-side kinematics were analyzed from foot-strike to mid-stance phase (0-15% gait cycle corresponding to the loading phase). Subjects also completed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the associations between PRO and knee kinematics. Results: Greater post-operative knee flexion and more symmetric restoration of knee flexion and axial rotation in comparison to the contralateral knee had the highest correlations with the IKDC-SKF and KOOS Sports and Recreation and Knee-Related Quality of Life subscales (p < 0.05). Symmetry of anterior tibial translation and varus-valgus rotation of the surgical knee were less strongly associated with PRO. Conclusion: Knee kinematics when running 6 months after ACL reconstruction were associated with patient-reported symptoms, activity, and participation levels. Therefore, clinicians should strive for anatomic precision during ACL reconstruction to optimally restore knee kinematics so as to achieve optimal PRO.
The Degree of Knee Extension Does Not Affect Postoperative Stability or Subsequent Graft Tear Rate after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Patellar Tendon Autograft
Authors: Benner Rodney W. , Shelbourne K. Donald , Gray Tinker 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: To compare graft tear and failure rates and subjective scores between patients of varying degrees of knee extension after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft. Methods: Of 2329 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft between 1998 and 2008, 625 patients met the inclusion criteria of having primary ACL surgery, no bilateral ACL injuries, no existing osteoarthritis, and having either 6⁰ or more of knee hyperextension before and after surgery (Group A; n=318; mean 8⁰ + 2⁰, range 6⁰ to 15⁰) or 3⁰ or less of knee hyperextension before and after surgery (Group B; n=307; mean 0⁰ + 3⁰, range 3⁰ hyperextension to -4⁰ extension). As part prospective follow-up, patients were evaluated with KT-1000 arthrometer for objective stability, range of motion measurements, and subjective follow-up with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Cincinnati Knee Ratings Scale (CKRS), and Activity Rating surveys. Subsequent graft tear related to specific injury within 5 years of surgery was recorded. Graft failure was defined as a KT-1000 manual maximum difference between knees of > 5mm. Results: Follow-up was obtained from 278 (87%) in Group A and 275 (90%) in Group B at a mean of 4.1 + 1.1 years after surgery. The KT1000 arthrometer manual/maximum difference between knees was 2.0 + 1.4 in Group A and 2.1 + 1.6 in Group B (p=.701). Within 5 years after surgery, subsequent ACL graft tear/failure occurred in 22 patients (6.9%) in Group A and 30 patients (9.8%) in Group B (p=.246.) Further sub-analysis of Group A showed that the graft tear/failure rate was 6 of 81 (7.4%) for patients with ≥ 10⁰ of hyperextension versus 16 of 237 (6.8%) for patients with 6⁰ to 9⁰ of hyperextension. The percentage of patients who participated in jumping and pivoting sports before surgery was 85% in Group A and 86% in the Group B before surgery and 87% in Group A and 90% in Group B after surgery. The mean activity rating score was 8.4 + 1.1 in both groups after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the IKDC giveway or CKRS stability scores between groups after surgery (p=.174 and p=.107 respectively). Similarly, there was no difference in IKDC total score or CKRS total score between groups after surgery (p=.933 and p=.155 respectively). Conclusion: Obtaining full hyperextension that is anatomically normal for most patients does not affect postoperative objective stability, ACL graft tear/failure rates, or subjective scores after ACL reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft.
Low Risk of Physeal Damage from a Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) Reconstruction Technique that Uses an Epiphyseal Socket in Children
Authors: Haskel Jonathan D. , Uppstrom Tyler J. , Gausden Elizabeth Bishop , Green Daniel W. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess short-term distal femoral growth plate safety associated with femoral sockets for hamstring autograft fixation in pediatric MPFL reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 31 patients (22 females, 9 males) that underwent MPFL reconstruction by one surgeon at a tertiary care academic medical center between 2008 and 2014. Study inclusion criteria consisted of patients who were skeletally immature at the time of surgery, who had greater than 1 year radiographic follow-up and who had a femoral socket introduced during their procedure. Femoral socket location was verified by intraoperative fluoroscopy. All patients received a post-operative x-ray and a clinical follow-up. For the 12 patients that obtained post-operative MRI, growth plate safety was assessed by examining the location of the femoral socket relative to the physis to rule out growth plate injury (Figure 1). Development of lower limb angular deformities or limb length discrepancies was evaluated by examining post-operative standing hip-to-ankle anteroposterior radiographs, patient records, and clinical assessments. Results: The average age at surgery of 13.0 years. The average length of radiographic follow-up was 1.5 years and the average length of clinical follow-up was 1.78 years. At most recent clinical follow-up, 90% (28/31) of patients reported no subsequent patellar dislocations in the treated knee. No patients showed evidence of an angular deformity or limb length discrepancy. Of the 12 patients with postoperative MRI, all showed femoral sockets positioned distal to the physis without growth plate disturbance. Conclusion: The use of an epiphyseal femoral socket for graft fixation presents minimal risk of physeal violation and ensures patellar stability in the majority of pediatric patients. We have demonstrated that using fluoroscopic assistance to place the femoral socket distal to the distal femoral physis is a reliable and safe method for avoiding physeal injury in children with patellar instability.