bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-07-09: Breast cancer susceptibility associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prognosis: GG genotype of a SNP rs3803662 (TOX3/TNRC9) associated with better survival
Authors: Lee JW , Moon H-G , Han W , Noh D-Y 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Backgrounds: After completion of human genome project, some genetic variants are discovered and highlighted by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are considered to be the key variations leading to the various breast cancer susceptibility between each individuals. In 2011, our group has validated 5 SNPs as significant risk factor of breast cancer in Korean women for the first time. Recently, there has been some attempts to find clinical meaning of SNPs in each breast cancer patient. But it was not successful.
Methods: Consecutive patients with histologically confirmed primary breast cancer subjected to operative procedures between 2002 and 2009 in Seoul National University Hospital were included for analysis. Patients diagnosed with noninvasive breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ) or stage IV breast cancer were excluded. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained and stored at the time of operation. The SNPs genotyped included rs2046210 (6q25.1), rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs889312 (MAP3K1), rs3803662 (TOX3/TNRC9), and rs4973768 (SLC4A7). SNP genotyping was carried out on an Applied Biosystems 7900HT realtime PCR system (Applied Biosystems). We made collaboration with the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) to improve the validity of the mortality data. Total of 3,209 patients were included for survival and recurrence analysis.
Results: 492 (15.33%) patients had recurrence. And there were 277 (8.63%) mortalities overall. The median follow-up was for 85.59 month (±29.979). The GG genotype of SNP rs3803662 showed better survival than other AA, AG genotypes (Cumulative survival was 89% vs 84% at 120 months f/u). And it is validated at multivariate analysis (p = 0.024).
Conclusion: This study showed strong association between a certain genotype of single SNP and survival of breast cancer patients for the first time. Further lab investigation including functional study or studies on other races should be performed to find a novel or alternative hidden pathways of cancer progression.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-07-09.
Abstract P3-09-15: Permanent chemotherapy induced alopecia in early breast cancer patients after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy: Long term follow up
Authors: Bertrand M , Mailliez A , Vercambre S , Kotecki N , Mortier L , Bonneterre J 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background:
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) persisting for more than six months after the end of chemotherapy is defined as permanent alopecia. Scalp cooling is proposed to reduce this distressing side-effect.We evaluated the prevalence and the risk factors of permanent CIA in breast cancer patients receiving (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy.
Patients and methods:
79 patients (pts) treated with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide (FEC-100) and docetaxel) for early breast cancer at the Oscar Lambret Center between July 2005 and December 2007 were included in our study. Scalp cooling was used to all pts during chemotherapy. All patients underwent a clinical examination and photographs of the scalp five years after the end of chemotherapy. These images were analysed by two different physicians and patients were divided into two groups: alopecia (regardless of severity) and control. They were asked for the impact on their quality of life. Potential risk factors were collected.
Results:
26 pts (32.9%) had alopecia: minimal (21 pts), moderate (2 pts) or severe (3 pts). In alopecia group, pts were significantly older and more often postmenopausal than in the control group (p 0.0073 and 0.005, respectively). In multivariate analysis (age and menopause), menopause was identified as a significant risk factor for developing alopecia (OR = 4.136, 95% CI (1.482-11.54)). The presence of impaired quality of life was significantly higher in the group alopecia than in the control group (p = 0.00006). There was no significant difference on personal history, potentially alopeciant drug intake (include hormonotherapy) and depilation of the eyebrows between the two groups. Main hypotheses are irreversible toxicity on stem cells follicles hairs, endocrine disorders and earlier onset of androgenetic alopecia in genetically predisposed subjects.
Conclusion:
The risk of permanent alopecia induced by anthracyclins and taxans based chemotherapy should not be underestimated. Early breast cancer pts, especially if they are postmenopausal, have to be aware of this toxicity with major aesthetic and psychosocial consequences.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-09-15.
Abstract P3-09-16: Improved quality of life for early stage breast cancer survivors on a low carbohydrate, calorie restricted dietary intervention
Authors: Krie AK , Demuth HM , Hu Y , Ageton C , Bohlen KN , Norfolk D , Thomes R , Muth J , Fahrendorf A , Kittelsrud J , Rojas-Espaillat LA , Davies GE 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: It is well known that obesity and weight gain are significant issues in breast cancer survivorship. Weight gain frequently occurs after a breast cancer diagnosis, often attributed to adjuvant chemotherapy and the onset of menopause. Weight loss in the general population has been widely studied and shown to improve overall quality of life. The effect of weight loss on functional health and well being in breast cancer survivors is not well studied. The purpose of our study was to evaluate quality of life measures in overweight breast cancer survivors on a low carbohydrate, calorie restricted dietary intervention.
Methods: Overweight estrogen-receptor positive postmenopausal breast cancer survivors who completed radiation and chemotherapy were eligible for the dietary intervention. There were 23 women enrolled on the study, 14 completed the dietary intervention and were used for analysis. The dietary intervention utilizes 0.5g protein/pound (actual body weight), less than 40 grams of carbohydrates, and 800-1200 calories per day. Patients stayed on the dietary intervention for an average of 23 weeks (7-59) depending on their weight loss goal. Quality of life was measured by a short-form health survey, SF-36, measuring functional status, wellbeing and overall evaluation of health (Brazier, 1992). Patients completed the quality of life questionnaire at baseline and every two months until the end of year 2. The student's t-test was used to analyze mental and physical health scores at baseline and intervals thereafter, p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The average total body weight reduction after dietary intervention was 19.9% equivalent to 43.7 pounds. Changes in the physical health scores from baseline were significant when compared to 2-months after diet start (p = 0.001) and diet termination (p = 0.00001). These changes remained significant at the 2-month follow-up visit (p = 0.0001). The changes to mental health scores were not statistically significant when compared to baseline.
Conclusion: Overall physical health quality of life scores were improved as a result of the low carbohydrate, calorie restricted dietary intervention in estrogen-receptor positive postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. Over half of the patients started with mental health scores above the general population norm, which could have contributed to the lack of statistical significance. Additional research with a larger sample size may confirm the positive influence of weight loss through a low carbohydrate dietary intervention.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-09-16.
Abstract P3-14-06: Residual tumor autophagy marker LC3B is a prognostic marker in local advanced breast cancer underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Chen S , Jiang Y-Z , Huang L , Liu Y , Yu K-D 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Purpose
A membrane-bound microtubule-associated protein chain 3B(LC3B) is known as one of the most specific biomarker for autophagy. The goal of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of autophagy marker LC3B in patients with residual tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NCT) for local advanced breast cancer(LABC)
Patients and Methods
Expression of LC3B in residual breast cancer cells were assessed by immunohistochemistry in surgical specimens from 229 patients who were diagnosed with histological proven invasive breast cancer. All patients had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by mastectomy, and were considered as non pathological complete responders(non-pCR)after pathological evaluation. The density of positive staining of LC3B was measured with the use of a computerized image system. Prognostic value of various clinicopathologic factors was combined and evaluated by using Cox regression model.
Results
LC3B density was similar in the peripheral and central area of tumor(P = 0.328), however, it was siginifcantly lower in the extratumoral area(P&lt;0.001 and P&lt;0.001, respectively). High LC3B density was more likely to be observed in patients with PR-negative at diagnosis(P = 0.033), Beclin-1-positive(P&lt;0.001) at surgery and higher Ki-67 index at surgery(P = 0.029). Breast cancer subtype was also correlated to LC3B expression(P = 0.003), an obvious lower proportion of LC3B-high density was detected in luminal-A patients than in other subtypes(32.4% in luminal-A, 59.4% in luminal-B, 65.4% in HER-2+, and 46.7% in TNBC). In survival analysis, only LC3B and residual nodal status after NCT resulted significant predictors of both RFS(HR = 1.180,P = 0.012 and HR = 3.067, 6.103, P&lt;0.001, respectively) and overall survival(HR = 2.428, P = 0.008 and HR = 1.809,4.283, P = 0.003, respectively). Ki-67 was also an indepentent predictor for RFS(HR = 1.122, P = 0.019). The prognostic value of LC3B was most significant in triple-negative patients than in other subtypes. With a combination of LC3B expression and status of residual involved lymph nodes, patients were classified into four groups with different risk of relapse and death(P&lt;0.001 for RFS and P = 0.003 for OS). Patients with no positive node residual and low LC3B expression were at low risk of relapse and death, with 5-year RFS and OS of 97% and 97%, respectively. However, the 5-year RFS and OS for patients with a positive node satus and high LC3B were only 52% and 66%, respectively.
Conclusion
LC3B is a prognostic marker in non-pCR patient after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, which highlighting the importance of autophagy in the biological behavior of chemo-resistence cancer cells. Evaluating and targeting autophagy in neoadjuvant setting may help in prevention of disease relapse in non-pCR patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-14-06.
Abstract P4-01-08: Assessing response in breast cancer with dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Are signal intensity time curves adequate?
Authors: Woolf DK , Padhani AR , Li SP , Beresford MJ , Jane Taylor N , Ah-See M-LW , Stirling J , Gogbashian A , Makris A 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Quantitative dynamic parameters including Ktrans can predict for both response and outcome in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Quantitative methods are time-consuming to calculate in practice, requiring expensive additional software and expertise. For diagnostic purposes, signal intensity-time curves (SITC) are used for tissue characterisation. In this study we compared NAC-related changes in SITC with the quantitative DCE-MRI biomarker Ktrans (wash-in rate) and response and outcomes.
Methods
73 women with histologically-proven primary breast cancer underwent DCE-MRI studies before and after two cycles of NAC. Patients received anthracycline and/or docetaxel based chemotherapy. At completion of NAC, patients had surgery, radiotherapy and endocrine therapy / trastuzumab if ER/ HER2 positive. SITCs for each of the paired DCE-MRI studies were visually scored using a published pattern recognition schema consisting of 5 distinct patterns encompassing wash-in and wash-out phases and compared to the endpoints of OS, DFS and pathologic response.
Results
58 patients completed the study and were evaluable. Median age was 45 years (range 22 to 70), 41 patients were ER/ PR +ve, 12 Her-2 +ve and 13 triple negative. At baseline the majority of patients (n = 28, 48%) had a curve shape of 4 (Table 1). Linear regression analyses showed that curve shapes were significantly related to ktrans values both before (r2 = 0.465, p&lt;0.0001) and after 2 cycles of NAC (r2 = 0.615, p&lt;0.0001).
37 of 58 patients (64%) had changes in curve shape in response to NAC; 35 (95%) had decreases in curve shape and two (5%) had increases. Decreases in curve shape of 1 point were seen in 15 (43%), 12 patients had decreases in shape of 2 (34%), and eight had decreases of 3 (23%). Changes in curve shapes were significantly related to changes in ktrans (r2 = 0.576, p&lt;0.0001).
Changes in curve shape were significantly correlated with clinical (p = 0.005) and pathologic response (p = 0.034).
Reduction in curve shape of ≥2 points was significant for overall survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis with a 5 year OS of 80.9% vs 68.6% (p = 0.048).
Table 1: Signal Intensity time curves (n = 58)Signal intensity time curve typeBaselinePost 2 cycles of NAC10 (0%)0 (0%)21 (1.7%)26 (44.8%)312 (20.7%)10 (17.2%)428 (48.3%)18 (31%)517 (29.3%4 (6.9%)
Conclusions
These data suggest that SITCs are closely related to the quantitative DCE-MRI biomarker Ktrans and that change in curve shape can be used to predict clinical and pathologic benefit as well as survival. In clinical practice, the use of SITC which needs no special software to generate, provides a useful method of assessing the effectiveness of NAC for primary breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-01-08.
Abstract P4-03-01: Analysis of the impact of intraoperative margin assessment with adjunctive use of MARGINPROBE® vs. standard of care on margin status with different definitions of positive margin depth, results from a randomized prospective multi center study
Authors: Gittelman M 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: The current practice of breast conserving surgery (BCS) involves intraoperative margin assessment according to the surgeon's gross assessment and judgment. This intraoperative assessment has been associated with a 20% to 40% reoperation rate to assure negative margins. MarginProbe (Dune Medical Devices, MA, USA) was developed to provide real-time assessment of lumpectomy specimens to evaluate for the presence of disease at the surgical margins. A 21-center international pivotal study was conducted to determine if adjunctive use of MarginProbe can enable surgeons to identify positive margins intraoperatively, resulting in fewer patients who are candidates for re-excision procedures. Results for a 1mm definition of positive margins have been reported previously. We sought to understand the benefit of device use at alternative thresholds.
Methods: 664 women with non-palpable lesions undergoing lumpectomy for DCIS and invasive cancer were enrolled and 596 randomized (1:1) in the operating room following standard of care (SOC) lumpectomy. In the device arm, MARGINPROBE was used to assess all surfaces of the lumpectomy specimen and positive readings required additional resections. The device was not used on additional resections. All specimens were examined to verify excision of the target lesion intraoperatively. Pathologists were blinded to study arm. Additional surgeries to re-excise involved margins were performed per each individual site criteria. Patients were followed for 2 months following surgery; additional procedures were documented. Distance from tumor to each margin face was recorded for each patient.
Results: Following lumpectomy, the number of patients having positive margins due to failed intraoperative assessment was significantly reduced in the device arm at each potential definition of positive margins.
Patients with positive margins after 1st surgeryDepthDevice (%) N = 298Control (%) N = 298p-value0mm6.413.40.00571mm15.438.3&lt;0.00012mm22.549.7&lt;0.00013mm30.957.0&lt;0.00014mm36.661.7&lt;0.00015mm39.966.4&lt;0.0001*excludes positive margins on shavings, as device was only used on the main specimen
Conclusions: It has been shown previously that adjunctive use of MARGINPROBE significantly reduced the number of candidates for re-excision at a 1mm definition of positive margins. Based on this analysis, surgeons can expect a substantial reduction in the number of patients with positive margins at definitions from tumor on ink to 5mm.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-03-01.
Abstract P4-03-02: Mapping breast tissue types by miniature radio-frequency near-field spectroscopy sensor
Authors: Kaufman Z , Paran H , Haas I , Malinger P , Zehavi T , Karni T , Pappo I , Sandbank J , Diment J , Alweiss T 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: The study goal was to test the ability of a miniature flexible RF sensor (Dune Medical Devices), designed to be mounted on the surface of surgical tools, in measuring and mapping the various breast tissue types in terms of electrical properties. This study was part of the first stage in developing a measuring device for use during biopsy procedures.
Methods: One hundred and two (102) patients undergoing lumpectomy, open biopsy or mastectomy in 3 medical centers between January and October 2012 were enrolled in this study. The device was applied to numerous sites of freshly excised specimens. Measurement sites were accurately marked, to ensure registration between device measurement and histology analysis. The dielectric properties of the various tissue types were derived from matching between measurements and histology. The correlation between device readings and tissue type, as well as the ability of the device to differentiate between malignant and non-malignant sites, was assessed.
Results: A total of 4322 measurements from 102 patients were analyzed. The dielectric properties of 10 tissue types in the low RF frequency (4-30MHz) range were measured, showing distinct differences between the various types. The correlation between the RF measurements, as quantified by a score variable, and the tissue types, is demonstrated, with a correlation coefficient of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89 - 0.91). Differentiation ability between tissue types is also demonstrated using ROC curve analysis, with AUG of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95 - 0.97), and sensitivity and specificity of 90.2% (95% CI: 84 - 95) and 90.9% (95% CI: 90 - 92), respectively, at feature sizes at or above 0.8 mm in diameter.
Conclusions: First results from a radio-frequency near-field spectroscopy miniature flexible sensor evaluate the dielectric properties of various breast tissue types. The results also show promise in differentiating between various breast tissue types, and specifically for differentiation between cancer and normal tissues. The sensor's dimensions (radius of ∼1mm) and flexible design enable use in lumpectomy procedures (for margin assessment) as well as in minimally invasive devices and breast biopsy.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-03-02.
Abstract P4-03-08: Pathological analysis of intraductal papillary lesions in 3690 patients
Authors: Xu Z , Xing W , Yang Z , Li Q , Gu Y , Zhang Y 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background:Papillary lesions of the breast (PL) account for 1 - 2% in breast tumors and 10% in benign tumors. Ductoscopy due to its high rate (60 times) amplification and visualization of lesions, which makes it possible to directly visualize the duct from the orifice of the duct well into the periphery. It could not only find abnormities which other tests could not provide, but also predict histological diagnosis.However, ductoscopy findings and pathological results are not always consistent. Ductoscopy examine is limited by many factors such as complicated anatomical structure of breast and ductal obstruction, so in some cases it may have missed diagnosis. Lesions could be missed due to extrusion and shedding during ductoscopy examine procedure and preparation of pathological section.
Methods:In this study, we retrospectively studied on 4170 papillary lesions diagnosed by ductoscopy in 3690 patients from April 23, 2008 to October 31st, 2012 and compared incidence of each disease. These cases were evaluated by final histopathology(42.2% solitary papillary lesion, 32.5% multiple papillomatosis, 13.0% premalignant or malignant lesions, 6.5% mammary duct or plasma cell mastitis, 5.7% epithelial hyperplasia). The sensitivity of ductoscopy for PL in this study was 87.8%, and specificity was 89.2%.
Results and Discussion:Spontaneous nipple discharge(SND) is the third third most common presenting symptom of breast disease accounting for 3∼8% of breast symptoms. But in our experience, not all of the intraductal lesions would have SND, especially in those cases which localized more distally. Besides, intraductal lesions in premalignant or malignant lesions cases would have more incidence to localize distally than their benign papilloma. Thus, if we only take ductoscopy on patients who suffer SND, we might have some missed diagnosis for those people who did not suffer SND including malignant lesions.At present, although ductoscopy is not routine examination for breast cancer screening, we consider that for people who share a high-risk of developping breast cancer, although she might not have SND, ductoscopy could be a selective screen tool.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-03-08.