bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitators and barriers in expanding scope of practice: findings from a national survey of Irish nurses and midwives
Authors: Fealy Gerard M , Rohde Daniela , Casey Mary , Brady Anne‐Marie , Hegarty Josephine , Kennedy Catriona , McNamara Martin , O'Reilly Pauline , Prizeman Geraldine 
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim was to examine current scope of practice among nurses and midwives in Ireland. The objectives were to describe practitioners’ self‐reported facilitators and barriers to expanding scope of practice and to develop a scope of practice barriers scale.BackgroundRegulatory authorities permit practice expansion, so long as it falls within accepted parameters of scope of practice. Enduring difficulties in relation to scope of practice include the difficulty of balancing practice restriction with practice expansion.DesignA postal survey design was used to examine registered nurses’ and midwives’ current scope of practice, including their experiences of facilitators and barriers to expanding practice.MethodsA stratified random sample of registered nurses and midwives in Ireland was surveyed using the Scope‐QB, a 19‐item self‐report scope of practice barriers scale.ResultsBased on a sample of 1010 respondents, the self‐reported perceived barriers to practice expansion included fear of legal consequences, time restrictions and lack of remuneration. Professional satisfaction, patients’ needs, organisational support and having access to continuing professional education were perceived as facilitators of practice expansion. Older nurses and midwives as well as nurses and midwives holding more senior promotional grades, such as clinical nurse manager grades, perceived fewer barriers than their younger and more junior counterparts.ConclusionsNurses and midwives continue to experience difficulties in relation to expanding their practice. Practitioners can operate to optimal scope of practice when practitioner‐centred and workplace‐based circumstances are optimal. The optimal circumstances for practice expansion exist when the facilitators of practice expansion outweigh the barriers.Relevance to clinical practiceGiven the critical role that nurses and midwives play in modern health services, it is important that they are empowered and enabled to expand their practice and to work to full scope of practice when patient needs and service requirements warrant it.
Factor XII: a novel target for safe prevention of thrombosis and inflammation
Authors: Kenne E. , Nickel K. F. , Long A. T. , Fuchs T. A. , Stavrou E. X. , Stahl F. R. , Renné T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPlasma protein factor XII (FXII) activates the procoagulant and proinflammatory contact system that drives both the kallikrein–kinin system and the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. When zymogen FXII comes into contact with negatively charged surfaces, it auto‐activates to the serine proteaseactivated FXII (FXIIa). Recently, various in vivo activators of FXII have been identified including heparin, misfolded protein aggregates, polyphosphate and nucleic acids. Murine models have established a central role of FXII in arterial and venous thrombosis. Despite its central function in thrombosis, deficiency in FXII does not impair haemostasis in animals and humans. In a preclinical cardiopulmonary bypass system in large animals, the FXIIa‐blocking antibody 3F7 prevented thrombosis; however, in contrast to traditional anticoagulants, bleeding was not increased. In addition to its function in thrombosis, FXIIa initiates formation of the inflammatory mediator bradykinin. This mediator increases vascular leak, causes vasodilation, and induces chemotaxis with implications for septic, anaphylactic and allergic disease states. Therefore, targeting FXIIa appears to be a promising strategy for thromboprotection without associated bleeding risks but with anti‐inflammatory properties.
Tensile Bond Strength between Soft Liners and Two Chemically Different Denture Base Materials: Effect of Thermocycling
Authors: Tugut Faik , Coskun Mehmet Emre , Dogan Derya Ozdemir , Kirmali Omer , Akin Hakan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeThe bond strength of soft denture liner to a recently introduced denture base resin after thermocycling has not been compared to traditional denture base materials. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of thermocycling on the tensile bond strength of soft denture liners to two chemically different denture base resins, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA).Materials and MethodsA total of 48 PMMA and UDMA tensile test specimens were fabricated by attaching two different soft denture liners (Molloplast‐B, Permaflex) according to the manufacturers’ instructions and assigned to two groups. Half of the specimens for each group were stored in water for 1 week, and the other half were thermocycled (5000 cycles) between baths of 5°C and 55°C. Specimens were mounted on a universal testing machine with a 5 mm/min crosshead speed. The data were analyzed with three‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe highest bond strength was measured in the specimens from the UDMA/Molloplast groups, and the lowest was seen in the PMMA/Permaflex group. No significant difference in bond strength was detected in PMMA/Permaflex groups after thermocycling (p = 0.082), whereas other groups exhibited significant differences after thermocycling (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThermocycling decreased the bond strength values in both the PMMA and UDMA groups. Regardless of types of soft liners, PMMA specimens presented lower bond strength values than UDMA specimens, both before and after thermocycling.
Impact of Types of Moisturizer and Humidity on the Residual Weight and Viscosity of Liquid and Gel Oral Moisturizers
Authors: Murakami Mamoru , Nishi Yasuhiro , Fujishima Kei , Nishio Misaki , Minemoto Yoko , Kanie Takahito , Nishimura Masahiro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeOral moisturizers need to be selected based on their material properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moisturizer type and humidity on the residual weight and viscosity of oral moisturizers.Materials and MethodsThe weight and viscosity of 17 oral moisturizers (7 liquid and 10 gel) at baseline and after 8 hours were measured using an incubator maintained at 37°C at either 85% or 40% relative humidity (RH). The rate of change in weight (RCW) and the rate of change in viscosity (RCV) were calculated. Data were analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's test to evaluate the effect of the type of moisturizer (liquid or gel) and humidity (85% or 40% RH) on RCW and RCV. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between RCW and RCV.ResultsTwo‐way ANOVA results indicated that the type of moisturizer and RH had a significant effect on RCW and RCV (p < 0.05); however, the interaction between them was not significant. The results of multiple comparisons showed that gel moisturizers had a significantly lower RCW and higher RCV than liquid moisturizers (p < 0.05). The RCW and RCV at 40% RH were significantly higher than those at 85% RH (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between RCW and RCV in the liquid moisturizer group, but a significant negative correlation was found in the gel moisturizer group (pp = 0.01).ConclusionBecause viscosity of gel moisturizers increases as weight decreases, selecting gel moisturizers with a minimal change in weight and viscosity would be preferable in the case of a long‐time application and severe dry mouth.
Cortisol Concentrations in Well‐Regulated Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism Treated with Trilostane
Authors: Midence J.N. , Drobatz K.J. , Hess R.S. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThere are no clear treatment guidelines for dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism in which serum cortisol concentrations before and after an ACTH stimulation test performed 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are < 2.0 μg/dL.ObjectiveTo determine if serum cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre1) and after (Post1) ACTH stimulation at 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are significantly lower than cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre2) and after (Post2) ACTH stimulation 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, in a specific population of dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 <2 μg/dL.AnimalsThirteen client‐owned dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 serum cortisol concentrations <2.0 μg/dL 3–6 hours after trilostane administration.MethodsProspective study. Dogs had a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, on the same day of the first ACTH stimulation test. Cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation were compared using a paired t‐test.ResultsCortisol concentrations before (1.4 ± 0.3 μg/dL) and after the first stimulation (1.5 ± 0.3 μg/dL, mean ± SD) were significantly lower than cortisol concentration before the second stimulation (3.3 ± 1.6 μg/dL, P = .0012 each). Cortisol concentration before the first stimulation was also significantly lower than cortisol concentration after the second stimulation (5.3 ± 2.4 μg/dL, P = .0001).Conclusions and clinical importanceIn dogs with clinically well‐regulated, trilostane‐treated, hyperadrenocorticism, and cortisol concentrations <2 μg/dL before and after the first stimulation, a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after treatment can result in higher cortisol concentrations that could support continued trilostane treatment.
Public Outreach in Linguistics: Engaging Broader Audiences
Authors: McKee Cecile , Zimmer Elly , Fountain Amy , Huang Hui‐Yu , Vento Mia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLinguistics is traditionally a university subject. We describe here comprehensive efforts that the University of Arizona's Linguistics Department makes to engage with additional audiences: K–12 and community college students, lifelong learners, and festival‐goers. Our coordination of these efforts is relatively recent, and this article emphasizes what we are learning in areas like adjustment to different audiences and efficient use of resources. While many individual linguists and some departments are engaged in outreach activities such as those described here, our work is unusual in its breadth, in terms of both external contacts and department‐internal participants.
Solving Detour‐Based Fuel Stations Location Problems
Authors: Zockaie Ali , Aashtiani Hedayat Z. , Ghamami Mehrnaz , (Marco) Nie Yu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article studies the problem of locating fuel stations to minimize the extra cost spent in refueling detours, which belongs to a class of discretionary service facility location problems. Unlike many studies of similar problems in the literature, the proposed model considers capacity constraints and compares different ways to incorporate them in the formulation. Note that ignoring the capacity constraint results in nonoptimal and unrealistic solutions. The proposed models are solved using both an off‐the‐shelf solver (CPLEX) and a specialized meta‐heuristic method (Simulated Annealing) developed in this study. The solution methods are tested and compared in two case studies; a test benchmark network and a large‐scale network. An effort to overcome the memory limitation of CPLEX through more compact formulation was partially successful: it results in a model that is less tightly bounded by its linear relaxation and hence is much more difficult to solve. In contrast, the Simulated Annealing algorithm scales better and is able to consistently yield high‐quality solutions with a reasonable amount of computation time.
Proteomic analysis of theSimkania‐containing vacuole: the central role of retrograde transport
Authors: Herweg Jo‐Ana , Pons Valérie , Becher Dörte , Hecker Michael , Krohne Georg , Barbier Julien , Berger Hilmar , Rudel Thomas , Mehlitz Adrian 
Published: September 2015

SummarySimkania negevensisis an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that grows in amoeba or human cells within a membrane‐bound vacuole forming endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites. The membrane of thisSimkania‐containing vacuole (SnCV) is a critical host–pathogen interface whose origin and molecular interactions with cellular organelles remain poorly defined. We performed proteomic analysis of purifiedER‐SnCV‐membranes using label freeLC‐MS2to define the pathogen‐containing organelle composition. Of the 1,178 proteins of human and 302 proteins ofSimkaniaorigin identified by this strategy, 51 host cell proteins were enriched or depleted by infection and 57 proteins were associated with host endosomal transport pathways. Chemical inhibitors that selectively interfere with trafficking at the early endosome‐to‐trans‐Golgi network (TGN) interface (retrograde transport) affectedSnCVformation, morphology and lipid transport. Our data demonstrate thatSimkaniaexploits early endosome‐to‐TGNtransport for nutrient acquisition and growth.
The cytosolic or the mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase‐type tryparedoxin peroxidase is sufficient to protect procyclic Trypanosoma brucei from iron‐mediated mitochondrial damage and lysis
Authors: Schaffroth Corinna , Bogacz Marta , Dirdjaja Natalie , Nißen Amrei , Krauth‐Siegel R. Luise 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAfrican trypanosomes express three virtually identical glutathione peroxidase (Px)‐type enzymes that occur in the cytosol (Px I and II) and mitochondrion (Px III) and detoxify fatty acid‐derived hydroperoxides. Selective deletion of the genes revealed that procyclic Trypanosoma brucei lacking either the cytosolic or mitochondrial enzyme proliferate nearly as wild‐type parasites, whereas the knockout of the complete genomic locus is lethal. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the Px I‐III‐deficient parasites lose their mitochondrial membrane potential, which is followed by a loss of the lysosomal signal but not the glycosomal one. Mitochondrial damage and cell lysis are prevented by Trolox, ubiquinone derivatives and the iron chelator deferoxamine, whereas starch‐deferoxamine is inefficient. In glucose‐rich medium, cell death is attenuated suggesting that oxidants generated by the respiratory chain contribute to the lethal phenotype. Thus, the Px‐type peroxidases protect procyclic cells from an iron‐mediated oxidative membrane damage that originates at the mitochondrion. This contrasts with the situation in bloodstream cells, where the lysosome is the primarily affected organelle. Strikingly, either the cytosolic or the mitochondrial form of the peroxidases is required and sufficient to protect the mitochondrion and prevent cell lysis.
HISTORICAL HYPERMETRICAL HEARING: UNCERTAINTY, FLOORS AND TRAPDOORS
Authors: LOVE STEFAN CARIS 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis article attempts a partial reconstruction of historical metrical hearing for late eighteenth‐century Viennese chamber music. Specifically, I build on two traits of the historical listener. First, eighteenth‐century listeners werefirst‐time listeners, a simple fact with significant consequences for how we understand composers’ intentions and listeners’ experiences. Second, eighteenth‐century listeners were saturated with the music of the day, to a much broader and shallower extent than the modern canon‐bound listener. This second trait enabled eighteenth‐century listeners to absorb the statistical regularities of their musical culture, giving them a set of norms through which to comprehend pieces on the first hearing. In this essay I discuss the consequences of these traits for hypermetre.Drawing on a corpus study of 1780s Viennese chamber music, I offer answers to several questions: How does the first‐time listener respond to hypermetre, compared to the more experienced listener? What consequences does this have for analysis? And what are some of the stylistic regularities underlying hypermetre in chamber music from 1780s Vienna? To answer the latter question, I posit a special level of the metrical hierarchy called thehypermetrical floor, against which hypermetrical phenomena are measured.
A review of ammonia emission measured using wind tunnels compared with micrometeorological techniques
Authors: Sommer S. G. , Misselbrook T. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) emission from livestock manure constitutes a loss of crop‐available nitrogen (N) and poses a threat to the environment. Therefore, low NH3 emission slurry application technologies have been developed, the reduction efficiency of which has typically been estimated through measurements using wind tunnels or integrated horizontal flux (IHF) micrometeorological techniques. A recovery of 100% of released NH3 can be obtained if wind tunnels are designed to avoid pulses of wind into the tunnel through the canopy opening and leaks from the tunnels. The NH3 emission measured with wind tunnels adjusted to an air flow of 1 m/s deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from the emission measured using IHF methods, which are generally considered to give reliable emission estimates for ambient conditions. If wind tunnel air flow was adjusted to the ambient wind speed at height 0.25–0.30 m, then measured emissions were not significantly different from those measured using IHF methods. Wind tunnels influence the air flow pattern and cause turbulent convection in the air layers above the emitting surface, so the similarity in measured emissions for the two measuring techniques is perhaps surprising. This may be because the soil surface resistance to NH3 transport is often the most important rate‐regulating variable, so that the absence of a laminar boundary air layer resistance as caused by wind tunnels is of minor importance. It is concluded that the wind tunnels are well suited to test the emission reduction efficiency of new technologies.
Plasma soluble Tim‐3 emerges as an inhibitor in sepsis: sepsis contrary to membrane Tim‐3 on monocytes
Authors: Ren F. , Li J. , Jiang X. , Xiao K. , Zhang D. , Zhao Z. , Ai J. , Hou C. , Jia Y. , Han G. , Xie L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImmune dysfunction is the main characteristic of sepsis. T cell Ig and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim‐3) on the monocytes has been reported to promote immune homeostasis during sepsis, but the influences of plasm soluble Tim‐3 (sTim‐3) on the immune system during sepsis remain unknown. Here, 100 patients with different severities of sepsis (40 sepsis, 42 severe sepsis, and 18 septic shock) were enrolled in this study. The Tim‐3 and human leukocyte antigen‐DR (HLA‐DR) on the circulating monocytes were detected using flow cytometry. Plasma sTim‐3 was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory factors and two kinds of A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) – ADAM10 and ADAM17 were assessed. The Tim‐3 and HLA‐DR on the monocytes decreased with increasing sepsis severity. The sTim‐3 was reduced in the sepsis and severe sepsis patients but was elevated in the septic shock patients who exhibited significant immunosuppression as predicted by HLA‐DR. sTim‐3 levels were negatively correlated with IL‐12 and TNF‐α. ADAM10 and ADAM17, sheddases of Tim‐3, exhibited trends toward elevations in the septic shock group. In conclusion, sTim‐3 was involved in the development of sepsis. The homeostasis‐promoting role of the Tim‐3 on the monocytes was disrupted, while the inhibitory role of sTim‐3 emerged during sepsis‐induced immunosuppression.
Study of association of CTLA4 gene variants to non‐anterior uveitis
Authors: Leon Rodriguez D. A. , Serrano Lopera A. , Cordero‐Coma M. , Márquez A. , Fonollosa A. , Ruiz‐Arruza I. , Callejas J. L. , García Serrano J. L. , Díaz Valle D. , Pato E. , Cañal J. , del Rio M. J. , Capella M. J. , Blanco A. , Olea J. L. , Cordero Y. , Martín‐Villa J. M. , Gorroño‐Echebarría M. B. , Molins B. , Adán A. , Martin J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate the possible genetic association of functional CTLA4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to non‐anterior uveitis. Four hundred and seventeen patients with endogenous non‐anterior uveitis and 1517 healthy controls of Spanish Caucasian origin were genotyped for the CTLA4 polymorphisms rs733618, rs5742909 and rs231775, using predesigned TaqMan© allele discrimination assays. PLINK software was used for the statistical analyses. No significant associations between the CTLA4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to global non‐anterior uveitis were found. It was also the case when the potential association of these genetic variants with the anatomical localization of the disease, such as intermediate, posterior or panuveitis, was assessed. Our results do not support a relevant role of these CTLA4 polymorphisms in the non‐anterior uveitis genetic predisposition.
A two‐stage method for microcalcification cluster segmentation in mammography by deformable models
Authors: Arikidis N. , Vassiou K. , Kazantzi A. , Skiadopoulos S. , Karahaliou A. , Costaridou L. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:Segmentation of microcalcification (MC) clusters in x‐ray mammography is a difficult task for radiologists. Accurate segmentation is prerequisite for quantitative image analysis of MC clusters and subsequent feature extraction and classification in computer‐aided diagnosis schemes.Methods:In this study, a two‐stage semiautomated segmentation method of MC clusters is investigated. The first stage is targeted to accurate and time efficient segmentation of the majority of the particles of a MC cluster, by means of a level set method. The second stage is targeted to shape refinement of selected individual MCs, by means of an active contour model. Both methods are applied in the framework of a rich scale‐space representation, provided by the wavelet transform at integer scales. Segmentation reliability of the proposed method in terms of inter and intraobserver agreements was evaluated in a case sample of 80 MC clusters originating from the digital database for screening mammography, corresponding to 4 morphology types (punctate: 22, fine linear branching: 16, pleomorphic: 18, and amorphous: 24) of MC clusters, assessing radiologists’ segmentations quantitatively by two distance metrics (Hausdorff distance—HDISTcluster, average of minimum distance—AMINDISTcluster) and the area overlap measure (AOMcluster). The effect of the proposed segmentation method on MC cluster characterization accuracy was evaluated in a case sample of 162 pleomorphic MC clusters (72 malignant and 90 benign). Ten MC cluster features, targeted to capture morphologic properties of individual MCs in a cluster (area, major length, perimeter, compactness, and spread), were extracted and a correlation‐based feature selection method yielded a feature subset to feed in a support vector machine classifier. Classification performance of the MC cluster features was estimated by means of the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (Az ± Standard Error) utilizing tenfold cross‐validation methodology. A previously developed B‐spline active rays segmentation method was also considered for comparison purposes.Results:Interobserver and intraobserver segmentation agreements (median and [25%, 75%] quartile range) were substantial with respect to the distance metrics HDISTcluster (2.3 [1.8, 2.9] and 2.5 [2.1, 3.2] pixels) and AMINDISTcluster (0.8 [0.6, 1.0] and 1.0 [0.8, 1.2] pixels), while moderate with respect to AOMcluster (0.64 [0.55, 0.71] and 0.59 [0.52, 0.66]). The proposed segmentation method outperformed (0.80 ± 0.04) statistically significantly (Mann‐Whitney U‐test, p < 0.05) the B‐spline active rays segmentation method (0.69 ± 0.04), suggesting the significance of the proposed semiautomated method.Conclusions:Results indicate a reliable semiautomated segmentation method for MC clusters offered by deformable models, which could be utilized in MC cluster quantitative image analysis.