bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐ and post‐junctional bradykinin B2 receptors regulate smooth muscle tension to the pig intravesical ureter
Authors: Ribeiro Ana S. F. , Fernandes Vítor S. , Martínez María Pilar , López‐Oliva María Elvira , Barahona María Victoria , Recio Paz , Martínez Ana Cristina , Blaha Igor , Orensanz Luis M. , Bustamante Salvador , García‐Sacristán Albino , Prieto Dolores , Hernández Medardo 
Published: October 2014

AimsNeuronal and non‐neuronal bradykinin (BK) receptors regulate the contractility of the bladder urine outflow region. The current study investigates the role of BK receptors in the regulation of the smooth muscle contractility of the pig intravesical ureter.MethodsWestern blot and immunohistochemistry were used to show the expression of BK B1 and B2 receptors and myographs for isometric force recordings.ResultsB2 receptor expression was consistently detected in the intravesical ureter urothelium and smooth muscle layer, B1 expression was not detected where a strong B2 immunoreactivity was observed within nerve fibers among smooth muscle bundles. On ureteral strips basal tone, BK induced concentration‐dependent contractions, were potently reduced by extracellular Ca2+ removal and by B2 receptor and voltage‐gated Ca2+ (VOC) channel blockade. BK contraction did not change as a consequence of urothelium mechanical removal or cyclooxygenase and Rho‐associated protein kinase inhibition. On 9,11‐dideoxy‐9a,11a‐methanoepoxy prostaglandin F2α (U46619)‐precontracted samples, under non‐adrenergic non‐cholinergic (NANC) and nitric oxide (NO)‐independent NANC conditions, electrical field stimulation‐elicited frequency‐dependent relaxations which were reduced by B2 receptor blockade. Kallidin, a B1 receptor agonist, failed to increase preparation basal tension or to induce relaxation on U46619‐induced tone.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that BK produces contraction of pig intravesical ureter via smooth muscle B2 receptors coupled to extracellular Ca2+ entry mainly via VOC (L‐type) channels. Facilitatory neuronal B2 receptors modulating NO‐dependent or independent NANC inhibitory neurotransmission are also demonstrated. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:115–121, 2016. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transvaginal neobladder vaginal fistula repair after radical cystectomy with orthotopic urinary diversion in women
Authors: Carmel Maude E. , Goldman Howard B. , Moore Courtenay K. , Rackley Raymond R. , Vasavada Sandip P. 
Published: October 2014

AimWe present the surgical management and outcomes of patients who underwent transvaginal neo‐bladder vaginal fistula (NBVF) repair at our institution.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2012, eight patients underwent transvaginal NBVF repair. The surgical management entailed placing a Foley catheter into the fistula tract. A circumferential incision was made around the fistula tract after which a plane between the serosa of the neobladder and the vaginal epithelium was created. Interrupted polyglycolic acid sutures were used to close the fistula. An additional layer of vaginal wall, Martius, or omental flap was interposed before vaginal wall closure. A urethral catheter was placed for a minimum of 14 days and removed after a negative cystogram and pelvic exam with retrograde neobladder filling without leakage.ResultsAll patients presented with a fistula following radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder. Two patients had failed two prior transvaginal fistula repairs. A unilateral Martius flap was used in five patients and an omental flap was used in one patient. The surgery was successful in all patients. After a mean follow up of 33 months [4–117], five patients underwent or are waiting to undergo management of stress urinary incontinence with bulking agents. No patient had a recurrent fistula.ConclusionsManagement of NBVF is challenging but cure is possible using a transvaginal approach. Most patients will suffer from incontinence after the repair because of a short and incompetent urethra. Patients should be counseled about the high probability of requiring a secondary procedure to achieve continence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:90–94, 2016. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Juice and water intake in infancy and later beverage intake and adiposity: Could juice be a gateway drink?
Authors: Sonneville Kendrin R. , Long Michael W. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Kleinman Ken , Gillman Matthew W. , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the tracking and significance of beverage consumption in infancy and childhood.MethodsAmong 1163 children in Project Viva, we examined associations of fruit juice and water intake at 1 year (0 oz, 1‐7 oz [small], 8‐15 oz [medium], and ≥16 oz [large]) with juice and sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and BMI z‐score during early (median 3.1 years) and mid‐childhood (median 7.7 years).ResultsIn covariate adjusted models, juice intake at 1 year was associated with greater juice and SSB intake during early and mid‐childhood and also greater adiposity. Children who drank medium and large amounts of juice at 1 year had higher BMI z‐scores during both early (medium: β = 0.16 [95% CI = 0.01‐0.32]; large: β = 0.28 [95% CI = 0.01‐0.56]) and mid‐childhood (medium: β = 0.23 [95% CI = 0.07‐0.39]; large: β = 0.36 [95% CI = 0.08‐0.64]). After covariate adjustment, associations between water intake at 1 year and beverage intake and adiposity later in childhood were null.ConclusionsHigher juice intake at 1 year was associated with higher juice intake, SSB intake, and BMI z‐score during early and mid‐childhood. Assessing juice intake during infancy could provide clinicians with important data regarding future unhealthy beverage habits and excess adiposity during childhood.
Glycerol as an Efficient Medium for the Petasis Borono–Mannich Reaction
Authors: Rosholm Tomi , Gois Pedro M. P. , Franzen Robert , Candeias Nuno R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe multicomponent Petasis borono–Mannich (PBM) reaction is a useful tool for the preparation of complex molecules in a single step from boronic acids, aldehydes/ketones, and amines. Here, we describe the use of glycerol in the PBM reaction of salicylaldehydes or 2‐pyridinecarbaldehyde with several boronic acids and secondary amines. From these readily available starting materials, alkylaminophenols, 2‐substituted pyridines, and 2H‐chromenes were prepared in reasonable to good yields. Glycerol was compared with other solvents, and in some cases, it provided the reaction product in higher yield. Crude glycerol, as generated by the biodiesel industry, was evaluated and found to be a suitable solvent for the PBM reaction, successfully expanding the potential use of this industry by‐product. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the obtained experimental results, the involvement of glycerol‐derived boronic esters in the reaction mechanism is suggested to be competitive with the free boronic acid pathway. Similar Gibbs free energies for the aryl migration from the boronate species to the iminium were determined for both mechanisms.
Motor Skills in Brazilian Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder versus Children with Motor Typical Development
Authors: Cardoso Ana Amélia , Magalhães Livia Castro , Rezende Marcia Bastos 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aims of the study were to compare the performance of children with probable developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and motor typically developing peers on items from the Assessment of Motor Coordination and Dexterity (AMCD), to determine whether age, gender and type of school had significant impact on the scores of the AMCD items, to estimate the frequency of DCD among Brazilian children ages 7 and 8 years and to investigate whether children with DCD exhibit more symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder than children with motor typical development. A total of 793 children were screened by the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire – Brazilian version (DCDQ‐Brazil); 90 were identified as at risk for DCD; 91 matched controls were selected from the remaining participants. Children in both groups were evaluated with the AMCD, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC‐II) and Raven's coloured progressive matrices. Thirty‐four children were classified as probable DCD, as defined by a combination of the DCDQ‐Brazil and MABC‐II scores (fifth percentile). The final frequency of DCD among children ages 7 and 8 years was 4.3%. There were significant differences between children with and without DCD on the majority of AMCD items, indicating its potential for identifying DCD in Brazilian children. The use of a motor test (MABC‐II) that is not validated for the Brazilian children is a limitation of the present study. Further studies should investigate whether the AMCD is useful for identifying DCD in other age groups and in children from different regions of Brazil. The application of the AMCD may potentially contribute in improving occupational therapy practice in Brazil and in identifying children that could benefit from occupational therapy services. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercultural Partnering for the Benefit of South Africa Township High School Students
Authors: Davis Janis , Dodge Emily , Welderufael Martha 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn intercultural partnership was formed to meet South African township high schools' need to provide career education and identify barriers and hope in relation to career choice. The objective of this study was to collect data on the students' perceptions of career choice, barriers prohibiting students from engaging in a career of choice and their general hopefulness. A non‐experimental, descriptive study was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis strategies was used. A significant difference was found based on gender in relation to having career options and with regard to how knowledge about careers is gained. Despite barriers to career choice, students are hopeful about the future. Occupational deprivation is a risk factor for South African youth living in disadvantaged communities. Results are from two township high schools in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. English as a second language may have influenced data analysis. Future research must explore the role of occupational therapy in South African township high schools and the issue of career choice among South African youth. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Slater Megan E. , Ross Julie A. , Kelly Aaron S. , Dengel Donald R. , Hodges James S. , Sinaiko Alan R. , Moran Antoinette , Lee Jill , Perkins Joanna L. , Chow Lisa S. , Baker K. Scott , Steinberger Julia 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundChildhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at high risk of developing treatment‐related late effects, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Late effects can be exacerbated by low physical activity (PA) levels. Relationships between PA and cardiovascular risk factors during childhood have not been well described in CCS.ProcedurePA and cardiovascular risk factors were measured cross‐sectionally in 319 CCS and 208 sibling controls aged 9–18 years. Comparisons between CCS and controls and associations of outcomes with PA (dichotomized at 60 min/day or treated as continuous) were performed with linear regression.ResultsAmong CCS, the high PA group had lower percent fat mass (24.4% vs. 29.8%, P < 0.0001), abdominal subcutaneous fat (67.9 vs. 97.3 cm3, P = 0.0004), and abdominal visceral fat (20.0 vs. 24.9 cm3, P = 0.007) and greater lean body mass (41.3 vs. 39.5 kg, P = 0.009) than the low PA group. Comparing CCS to controls, differences in waist circumference (Pinteraction = 0.04), percent fat mass (Pinteraction = 0.04), and abdominal subcutaneous (Pinteraction = 0.02) and visceral (Pinteraction = 0.004) fat between low and high PA groups were greater in CCS than controls, possibly due to greater overall adiposity in CCS.ConclusionsHigh PA in CCS resulted in an improved cardiovascular profile, consisting primarily of lower fat mass and greater lean mass, similar to that observed in controls. This suggests interventions directed to increase PA in CCS may reduce the risk of future cardiovascular disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:305–310. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Second cancer risk in childhood cancer survivors treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)
Authors: Casey Dana L. , Friedman Danielle N. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Hilden Patrick D. , Sklar Charles A. , Wexler Leonard H. , Wolden Suzanne L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundTreatment with radiotherapy (RT) is associated with an increased risk of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in childhood cancer survivors; it is unclear how treatment with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) impacts this risk. We provide the first report of SMN risk in a cohort of childhood cancer survivors treated with IMRT.ProcedureRetrospective review of patients ≤21 years of age treated with IMRT at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between December 1998 and February 2009. Eligible patients survived at least 5 years from IMRT initiation. The risk of SMN was assessed via standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and excess absolute risk (EAR). The cumulative incidence was estimated using methods for competing risks.ResultsAmong 242 patients, six developed SMNs: four developed second solid cancers (all within the radiation field), and two developed myelodysplastic syndrome. Median time from IMRT initiation to a second solid cancer was 7.2 years (range, 6.8–9.5), with a 10‐year cumulative incidence of 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0–7.8%), SIR of 11.4 (95% CI, 3.1–29.2) and EAR of 1.8 per 1,000 person‐years (95% CI, −0.1 to 3.8).ConclusionsLonger follow‐up is required to determine how the risk of SMN after IMRT compares to other modalities of radiation treatment, such as proton therapy. This study provides a preliminary report, which will serve as a baseline for future longitudinal analyses of SMN risk after IMRT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:311–316. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Olanzapine for treatment and prevention of acute chemotherapy‐induced vomiting in children: A retrospective, multi‐center review
Authors: Flank Jacqueline , Thackray Jennifer , Nielson Danelle , August Amanda , Schechter Tal , Alexander Sarah , Sung Lillian , Dupuis L. Lee 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThis retrospective review provides preliminary data regarding the safety and efficacy of olanzapine for chemotherapy‐induced vomiting (CIV) control in children.ProcedureChildren <18 years old who received olanzapine for acute chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) control from December 2010 to August 2013 at four institutions were identified. Patient characteristics, chemotherapy, antiemetic prophylaxis, olanzapine dosing, CIV control, liver function test results and adverse events were abstracted from the health record. Toxicity was graded using CTCAEv4.03.ResultsSixty children (median age 13.2 years; range: 3.10–17.96) received olanzapine during 158 chemotherapy blocks. Olanzapine was most often (59%) initiated due to a history of poorly controlled CINV. The mean initial olanzapine dose was 0.1 mg/kg/dose (range: 0.026–0.256). Most children who received olanzapine beginning on the first day of the chemotherapy block experienced complete CIV control throughout the acute phase (83/128; 65%). There was no association between the olanzapine dose/kg and complete CIV control (OR 1.01; 95% CI: 0.999–1.020; P = 0.091). Sedation was reported in 7% of chemotherapy blocks and was significantly associated with increasing olanzapine dose (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08–1.27; P = 0.0001). Of the 25 chemotherapy blocks where ALT and/or AST were reported more than once, grade 1–3 elevations were observed in five. The mean weight change in 31 children who received olanzapine during more than one chemotherapy block was 0% (range: −22 to +18).ConclusionOlanzapine may be an important option to improve CIV control in children. Prospective controlled evaluation of olanzapine for CINV prophylaxis in children is warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:496–501. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population pharmacokinetics of the piperacillin component of piperacillin/tazobactam in pediatric oncology patients with fever and neutropenia
Authors: Cies Jeffrey J. , Jain Jaimi , Kuti Joseph L. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundTo describe the population pharmacokinetics of the piperacillin component of piperacillin/tazobactam.ProcedureThis pharmacokinetic study included 21 pediatric (age 3–10 years) patients receiving piperacillin/tazobactam to treat fever with neutropenia. Each patient contributed 1–3 blood samples for piperacillin concentration determination. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted using Pmetrics software. A 5,000 patient Monte Carlo simulation was performed to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) for multiple dosing regimens, using 50% of free drug time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as the primary pharmacodynamic threshold.ResultsMean ± SD body weight was 28.5 ± 9.7 kg. Piperacillin concentration data best fit a two‐compartment model with linear clearance, using total body weight as a covariate for clearance (CLθ) and volume of the central compartment (Vcθ). Population estimates for CLθ, Vcθ, and intercompartment transfer constants were 0.204 ± 0.076 L/h/kg, 0.199 ± 0.107 L/kg, 0.897 ± 1.050 h−1, and 1.427 ± 1.609 h−1, respectively. R2, bias, and precision for the Bayesian fit were 0.998, −0.032, and 2.2 µg/ml, respectively. At the MIC breakpoint of 16 µg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PTAs for 50 mg/kg q4h as a 0.5 hr infusion was 93.9%; for 100 mg/kg q8h as 0.5 and 4 hr infusion: 64.6% and 100%; for 100 mg/kg q6h as 0.5 and 3 hr infusion: 86.5% and 100%; and for 400 mg/kg continuous infusion: 100%, respectively.ConclusionsIn children with fever and neutropenia, piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens that are administered every 4 hr or that employ prolonged or continuous infusions should be considered to optimize pharmacodynamic exposure. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:477–482. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A pragmatic calcium‐based initiator for the synthesis of polycaprolactone copolymers
Authors: Colwell John M , Wentrup‐Byrne Edeline , George Graeme A , Schué François 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA mechanistic and kinetic study of the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone (CL) in the presence of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/calcium hydride (CaH2) co‐initiation system was conducted in the bulk over a range of polymerization temperatures (70 − 133 °C). The resultant polycaprolactone‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐polycaprolactone (PCL/PEG/PCL) triblock copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. Analysis of polymerization kinetics using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that, relative to other reported calcium‐based initiating systems, the observed rates of polymerization for the synthesis of the PCL/PEG/PCL triblock copolymers using the PEG/CaH2 co‐initiator were much lower than expected. This was presumed to be due to the incomplete reaction of PEG with CaH2. Even so, complete consumption of PEG hydroxyl groups occurred during polymerization and the molecular weight of PCL/PEG/PCL triblock copolymers could be predicted from the molar feed ratio, [CL]0:[PEG]0. This phenomenon was proposed to be due to a fast, reversible transfer process that allowed for the controlled synthesis of PCL/PEG/PCL copolymers using this simple CaH2‐based initiating system. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychosocial telephone interventions for patients with cancer and survivors: a systematic review
Authors: Okuyama Sonia , Jones Whitney , Ricklefs Christine , Tran Zung Vu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveOver one third of patients with cancer experience elevated psychosocial distress. As screening for distress becomes more common, the number of patients referred for psychosocial care will increase. Psychosocial telephone interventions are recommended as a convenient and exportable alternative to in‐person interventions addressing psychosocial distress. This study reviews the efficacy of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychosocial telephone interventions for patients with cancer.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of peer‐reviewed RCTs evaluating telephone interventions in adult patients with cancer across the survivorship continuum.ResultsThrough a database search, 480 articles were identified. After manual review, 13 were included, with 7 additional studies identified by back citation, totaling 20 studies. Participants were largely Caucasian, highly educated, with mean age ranging from 49 to 75 years. Most participants were patients with breast cancer (n = 13 studies). Sample sizes were generally small, with most patients recruited from large medical centers. Only one screened for psychosocial need. Interventions varied greatly in length and intensity. Eight studies reported significant effects post‐intervention in the hypothesized direction on at least one psychosocial outcome measure. Of these eight studies, four included more than one follow‐up assessment; of these, only one reported significant effects at last follow‐up. No clear commonalities were found among studies reporting significant effects.ConclusionsMethodological concerns and lack of consistency in adherence to CONSORT reporting guidelines were identified. This body of research would benefit from well‐designed, theory‐based RCTs adequately powered to provide more definitive evidence for intervention efficacy. This will probably require multi‐institutional collaborations, guided by intervention and research methodology best practices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of the lysine specific protease Kgp from Porphyromonas gingivalis, a target for improved oral health
Authors: Gorman Michael A. , Seers Christine A. , Michell Belinda J. , Feil Susanne C. , Huq N. Laila , Cross Keith J. , Reynolds Eric C. , Parker Michael W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in the development of chronic periodontitis. Gingipains, the principle virulence factors of P. gingivalis are multidomain, cell‐surface proteins containing a cysteine protease domain. The lysine specific gingipain, Kgp, is a critical virulence factor of P. gingivalis. We have determined the X‐ray crystal structure of the lysine‐specific protease domain of Kgp to 1.6 Å resolution. The structure provides insights into the mechanism of substrate specificity and catalysis.