bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of diabetes acceptance can help identify patients with ineffective diabetes self‐care and poor diabetes control
Authors: Schmitt A. , Reimer A. , Kulzer B. , Haak T. , Gahr A. , Hermanns N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimsTo estimate the associations between insufficient diabetes acceptance and relevant diabetes outcomes.MethodsA total of 320 patients completed questionnaires on diabetes non‐acceptance (the Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire), diabetes distress (the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale), depressive mood (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), coping with illness (the Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness), self‐care activities (the Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activities Measure) and quality of life (the Short Form−36 Health Questionnaire). A six−item version of the Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire showing good reliability and validity was established, and the associations between insufficient acceptance and clinical outcomes were estimated.ResultsHigher diabetes non‐acceptance correlated significantly with less active coping (−0.37), reduced self‐care (−0.43) and higher HbA1c levels (0.31), higher diabetes distress (0.53) and more depressive symptoms (0.36). Correlations of diabetes non‐acceptance with diabetes self‐care/glycaemic control were significantly higher than were those of depressive mood or diabetes distress with these criteria.ConclusionsLow diabetes acceptance is associated with impaired self‐care and glycaemic control. Assessment of diabetes acceptance may facilitate the detection of patients at high risk and may present an essential target for treatments to improve diabetes control that is more relevant than elevated depressive mood or diabetes distress.
Does multi‐level environmental filtering determine the functional and phylogenetic composition of wild bee species assemblages?
Authors: Sydenham Markus Arne Kjær , Moe Stein R. , Totland Ørjan , Eldegard Katrine 
Published: July 2014

A central goal in ecology is to develop theories that explain the diversity and distribution of species. The evolutionary history of species and their functional traits may provide mechanistic links between community assembly and the environment. Such links may be hierarchically structured such that the strength of environmental filtering decreases in a step‐wise manner from regional conditions through landscape heterogeneity to local habitat conditions. We sampled the wild bee species assemblages in power‐line strips transecting forests in south‐eastern Norway. We used altitude, landscape diversity surrounding sites and plant species composition, together with total plant cover as proxies for regional, landscape and local environmental filters, respectively. The species richness and abundance of wild bees decreased with altitude. The reduction in species richness and abundance was accompanied by a phylogenetic clustering of wild bee individuals. Furthermore, regional filters followed by local filters best explained the structure of the functional species composition. Sites at high altitudes and sites with Ericaceae‐dominated plant communities tended to have larger bees and a higher proportion of social and spring‐emerging bees. When Bombus species were excluded from the analysis, the proportion of pollen specialists increased with the dominance of Ericaceae. Furthermore, we also found that the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional compositional turnover between sites was higher in the northern region than in the southern part of the study region. Altogether, these results suggest that regional filters drive the species richness and abundance in trait‐groups whereas local filters have more descrete sorting effects.We conclude that the model of multi‐level environmental filters provides a good conceptual model for community ecology. We suggest that future studies should focus on the relationship between the biogeographical history of species and their current distribution, and on the assumption that closely related species do indeed compete more intensely than distantly related species.
Poverty, inequality and growth in Albania
Authors: Mastromarco Camilla , Peragine Vito , Russo Felice , Serlenga Laura 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article studies the distribution of well‐being and, specifically, the degree of poverty and deprivation in Albania, in the years 2002 and 2005, using Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS). The distribution analysis is performed by applying both one‐dimensional and multidimensional approaches, in particular to better examine the link between economic growth, inequality and poverty in Albania. Furthermore, by estimating a non‐monetary indicator, as proposed by Bossert et al. (), and a nonlinear principal component model together with a probit model, the paper focuses on the multidimensional measures of poverty to address the relationship between poverty and socio‐economic factors. Our evidence shows that absolute poverty decreased from 2002 to 2005 while national relative poverty increased; economic growth reduced poverty in Albania over the observed period; and living in rural and mountain areas, being female, poorly educated and with a large family increased the probability of suffering from deprivation.
Biology of Lysiphlebus fabarum following cold storage of larvae and pupae
Authors: Mahi Hossein , Rasekh Arash , Michaud J.P. , Shishehbor Parviz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCold storage is one means of preserving parasitoids prior to release in augmentation biological control programs. This study examined the feasibility of storing larval and pupal stages of a sexual population of Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) at 6 ± 1 and 8 ± 1 °C, 50–60% r.h., and L14:D10 photoperiod. These life stages were stored for periods of 1, 2, and 3 weeks under fluctuating thermal regimes (2 h daily at 21 ± 1 °C). Generally, pupae gave better results than larvae, and 6 °C was better than 8 °C, considering wasp survival, wasp size (tibial and antennal lengths), egg load, and egg size. The best results were obtained with pupae stored for 2 weeks under a fluctuating temperature regime at 6 °C. Females emerging from this treatment did not differ from controls (developing directly at 21 °C) in body size, egg size, or progeny sex ratio, and suffered less than 20% mortality. Egg loads were reduced in these wasps, but the reductions were substantially less than occurred in other 2‐week‐storage treatments. Wasps stored in this manner successfully parasitized similar numbers of aphids as controls and produced similar progeny sex ratios. These results reveal a suitable set of low‐temperature conditions that can be used to delay the development of L. fabarum for 2 weeks with minimal impact on wasp fitness.
Effects of mating patterns on reproductive performance and offspring fitness in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
Authors: Jiaqin Xie , Yuhong Zhang , Hongsheng Wu , Ping Liu , Congshuang Deng , Hong Pang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe examined the female mating choice of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when exposed to a male with which she had mated before vs. a novel male which she never encountered. After first mating, most females chose to remate with the same male and showed a shorter mating latency period to copulation with the familiar male as compared to a new male. Then, we allowed a female to mate once, 5× with the same, or 5× with different males to evaluate how different mating patterns influence the females’ reproductive performance and offspring fitness. Mating 5× with the same male or different males improved female egg production, but had no effect on hatching rate or offspring fitness. Our findings suggest that female C. montrouzieri are able to distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar males and prefer to mate with the former. Further, multiple mating appears to offer material benefits to female C. montrouzieri specifically by increasing fecundity.
Gut microbes of mammalian herbivores facilitate intake of plant toxins
Authors: Kohl Kevin D. , Weiss Robert B. , Cox James , Dale Colin , Denise Dearing M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe foraging ecology of mammalian herbivores is strongly shaped by plant secondary compounds (PSCs) that defend plants against herbivory. Conventional wisdom holds that gut microbes facilitate the ingestion of toxic plants; however, this notion lacks empirical evidence. We investigated the gut microbiota of desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida), some populations of which specialise on highly toxic creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Here, we demonstrate that gut microbes are crucial in allowing herbivores to consume toxic plants. Creosote toxins altered the population structure of the gut microbiome to facilitate an increase in abundance of genes that metabolise toxic compounds. In addition, woodrats were unable to consume creosote toxins after the microbiota was disrupted with antibiotics. Last, ingestion of toxins by naïve hosts was increased through microbial transplants from experienced donors. These results demonstrate that microbes can enhance the ability of hosts to consume PSCs and therefore expand the dietary niche breadth of mammalian herbivores.
Dental fear affects adolescent perception of interaction with dental staff
Authors: Jaakkola Sirkka , Lahti Satu , Räihä Hannele , Saarinen Maiju , Tolvanen Mimmi , Aromaa Minna , Sillanpää Matti , Suominen Sakari , Mattila Marja‐Leena , Rautava Päivi 
Published: July 2014

The main purpose of this study was to explore whether subjective perception of interaction with dental staff is associated with dental fear in a population‐based sample of 18‐yr‐old adolescents (n = 773). The interaction was measured using the Patient Dental Staff Interaction Questionnaire (PDSIQ), validated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, which yielded the factors of ‘kind atmosphere and mutual communication’, ‘roughness’, ‘insecurity’, ‘trust and safety’, and ‘shame and guilt’. Dental fear was measured using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Gender and sense of coherence (SOC) were included as potential confounding variables. Adolescents with high dental fear more often perceived their interaction with dental staff negatively and more often felt insecure than others. This difference persisted after adjustment for gender and SOC. In conclusion, adolescents with high dental fear may perceive their interaction with dental staff more positively if the staff succeed in creating a positive, trusting, approving, and supportive atmosphere with kindness, calmness, and patience. The communication and interaction skills of dental staff may play a particularly important role when encountering highly fearful dental patients.
Let's Call A Truce…For Now: The Silent Bared‐Teeth Face Expression in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) During Baseline and Post‐Conflict Conditions
Authors: Otovic Pete , Partan Sarah R. , Bryant Judith B. , Hutchinson Eric 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe distinction between signals that are friendly and those that are non‐aggressive but motivationally neutral (signals of benign intent, SBIs) has not often been well elucidated in the literature. Although both signals occur in similar contexts, friendly signals should be exchanged more often between animals with good relationships whereas SBIs should be more commonly exchanged between animals with poor or unpredictable relationships. The importance of this distinction is particularly salient in the post‐conflict context, because the two different types of signals may have disparate distributions and functions. This study examines the nature of the silent bared‐teeth face (SBTF) in captive mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) both during baseline interactions and following aggressive conflicts. We report that the SBTF is most commonly exchanged between mandrills with high rates of agonism. In addition, the SBTF is the most common post‐conflict signal exchanged, and the mandrills exchanging this signal after fighting also have poor relationships. We conclude that, although one must be careful in generalizing from studies of captive populations, the mandrill SBTF observed in this study is most accurately classified as a signal of benign intent, but not a truly friendly signal and discuss problems with interpreting post‐conflict data without distinguishing between these types of signals.
Real‐time three‐dimensional imaging of epidermal splitting and removal by high‐definition optical coherence tomography
Authors: Boone Marc , Draye Jean Pierre , Verween Gunther , Pirnay Jean‐Paul , Verbeken Gilbert , De Vos Daniel , Rose Thomas , Jennes Serge , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Del Marmol Véronique 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhile real‐time 3‐D evaluation of human skin constructs is needed, only 2‐D non‐invasive imaging techniques are available. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential of high‐definition optical coherence tomography (HD‐OCT) for real‐time 3‐D assessment of the epidermal splitting and decellularization. Human skin samples were incubated with four different agents: Dispase II, NaCl 1 M, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and Triton X‐100. Epidermal splitting, dermo‐epidermal junction, acellularity and 3‐D architecture of dermal matrices were evaluated by High‐definition optical coherence tomography before and after incubation. Real‐time 3‐D HD‐OCT assessment was compared with 2‐D en face assessment by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). (Immuno) histopathology was used as control. HD‐OCT imaging allowed real‐time 3‐D visualization of the impact of selected agents on epidermal splitting, dermo‐epidermal junction, dermal architecture, vascular spaces and cellularity. RCM has a better resolution (1 μm) than HD‐OCT (3 μm), permitting differentiation of different collagen fibres, but HD‐OCT imaging has deeper penetration (570 μm) than RCM imaging (200 μm). Dispase II and NaCl treatments were found to be equally efficient in the removal of the epidermis from human split‐thickness skin allografts. However, a different epidermal splitting level at the dermo‐epidermal junction could be observed and confirmed by immunolabelling of collagen type IV and type VII. Epidermal splitting occurred at the level of the lamina densa with dispase II and above the lamina densa (in the lamina lucida) with NaCl. The 3‐D architecture of dermal papillae and dermis was more affected by Dispase II on HD‐OCT which corresponded with histopathologic (orcein staining) fragmentation of elastic fibres. With SDS treatment, the epidermal removal was incomplete as remnants of the epidermal basal cell layer remained attached to the basement membrane on the dermis. With Triton X‐100 treatment, the epidermis was not removed. In conclusion, HD‐OCT imaging permits real‐time 3‐D visualization of the impact of selected agents on human skin allografts.
Environmental enrichment for fish in captive environments: effects of physical structures and substrates
Authors: Näslund Joacim , Johnsson Jörgen I 
Published: July 2014

AbstractStructural environmental enrichment, that is, a deliberate addition of physical complexity to the rearing environment, is sometimes utilized to reduce the expression of the undesirable traits that fish develop in captivity. Increasing demands and regulations regarding usage of enrichment to promote fish welfare also make investigations on the effects of enrichment important. Here, we sythesize the current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge about the effects of structural environmental enrichment for fish in captive environments. We find that enrichment can affect several aspects of the biology of captive fish, for example, aggression, stress, energy expenditure, injury and disease susceptibility. Importantly, these effects are often varying in direction and magnitude, and it is clear that just addition of structure is not a solution to all problems in fish rearing. Each species and life stage needs special consideration with respect to its natural history and preferences. A multitude of different enrichment types has been investigated and many studies investigate several enrichment components at the same time, making comparisons among studies difficult. To the present date, the majority of efforts have been directed to investigate salmonid fish in stock‐fish hatcheries and cichlids from a basic research perspective. Some contexts are under‐studied with respect to environmental enrichment, for instance effects on results in basic research and welfare effects in display aquaria. There are many research opportunities left within this field. However, future studies could utilize experimental designs which make it possible to discriminate between effects of different environmental manipulations to a higher degree than what has been performed to this date.
Military Custody and Visitation: Problems and Solutions in the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Sullivan Mark E. 
Published: July 2014

Custody and visitation cases involving military personnel bring a new level of complexity to an area which is already very difficult for judges. Several states have already taken action to provide tailored and specific protections for military families facing visitation and custody disputes. A significant improvement is the publication of the Uniform Deployed Parents Custody and Visitation Act (UDPCVA). This article explores the contents of the UDPCVA and explains how judges can use it to resolve custody and visitation cases involving military parents. It explains the definitions used in it, the rules for delegated visitation rights and communication during deployment, the requirements as to custody jurisdiction, priority calendaring and testimony by telephone or internet. It discusses how the Act covers cases where the terms are written into a settlement and where the parties litigate some or all of the issues. The Act bars courts from using past or future deployments against a servicemember unless there are substantial issues regarding the child's best interest. Finally it explains how the court can terminate the provisions for military custody and visitation upon the ending of deployment and how the parents can accomplish this by agreement.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Encourages the parents to reach enforceable agreements on custodial arrangements and communications during deployment;
Protects the residence of the deploying parent, thus discouraging interstate jurisdiction litigation;
Establishes prompt procedures and electronic testimony to assist in moving the case forward and not impairing the planned deployment;
Allows judges to grant delegated visitation rights to family members who have a close relationship with the child, so long as this is in the child's best interest; and
Promotes an expeditious and fair resolution of custody and visitation issues in the face of an impending deployment or after a deployment has ended by protecting the rights of the deploying parent, the nonmilitary parent and—above all—the best interest of the children involved.
The Dynamics of Military Deployment in the Family System: What Makes a Parent Fit for Duty?
Authors: Riggs Shelley A. , Cusimano Angela 
Published: July 2014

Due to the increasing number of married servicemembers with children, the family court system is seeing more divorce and custody cases involving military parents and children. The media has highlighted cases in which military members have lost custody of their children ostensibly due to extended deployments required by their military employer. In order to avoid penalizing military members for service to their country while acting in the best interests of children, it is essential that the family courts understand and take into account the unique challenges of military families. This article provides an overview of the military family experience and reviews the literature regarding the military deployment cycle, including its impact on parents, children and the family system. Developmental and contextual considerations and recommendations in the determination of custody for military children are discussed.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
The family attachment network model is useful in developing objective standards and identifying risk and protective factors for military families.
In custody cases involving military families who have experienced deployment, assessment of current and retrospective individual and family functioning (e.g., before, during, after deployment) is necessary.
Current child behaviors may be normal responses to extended separation(s) and subsequent reunion(s) with a deployed parent.
Key considerations and recommendations in custody evaluations for military families are offered.
Special Considerations in Conducting Psychological Custody Evaluations with Military Families
Authors: Simon Robert A. 
Published: July 2014

Child custody evaluations are highly complex forensic evaluations that study children's needs, parental capacities, and the resulting fit. Child custody evaluations are typically asked to provide the court with recommendations that foster the best interests of children when their parents separate/divorce and cannot agree on a child sharing and parenting plan for children. Children who have a parent or parents that serve in the military are part of family systems that present unique factors and considerations that are typically not present in nonmilitary families. In addition, there are legal considerations involving members of the Uniformed Services that may not apply to civilian parents. This article aims to explore some of these factors and considerations and discuss how they can be incorporated into comprehensive and useful child custody evaluations and parenting plan recommendations.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Familiarize attorneys, judicial officers and mental health professionals with special considerations in making custody determination for children who have a parent in the military
Discuss how these considerations impact child custody evaluations and the formulation of parenting plan recommendations.
Discuss how these considerations impact decisions about best interests of children when the Court makes custody orders.
Mission Critical: A Call to Action for Juvenile and Family Courts, the U.S. Armed Forces, and Veterans Affairs
Authors: Rosa Janice M. 
Published: July 2014

This article describes an innovative court program to focus services and case processing on military families, both active and retired (veterans), who are involved in family law proceedings in the civil courts. The article examines the process taken from concept to implementation in one court, with focus on the interplay between the court and armed force support groups, and legal/court stakeholders focused on improved outcomes for military families in distress. Finally, the author briefly examines the possible reasons for the historical disconnect between the courts and the military (veterans and active forces), draws corollaries to existing federal support for other family matters, and posits a method to include the military family under the umbrella of federal attention.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
The ease with which the pilot went from concept to rollout bodes well for replication, even when no funding source is available
This civil family docket is the perfect adjunct for communities with Veterans Treatment Courts
There is an imperative need for the branches of service, VA, and the courts to communicate about this topic
Only federal initiative, similar to what has already occurred in other areas of family law, can resolve the impasse