bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of maternal effects on temperature preference in side‐blotched lizards: implications for evolutionary response to climate change
Authors: Paranjpe Dhanashree A. , Bastiaans Elizabeth , Patten Amy , Cooper Robert D. , Sinervo Barry 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNatural populations respond to selection pressures like increasing local temperatures in many ways, including plasticity and adaptation. To predict the response of ectotherms like lizards to local temperature increase, it is essential to estimate phenotypic variation in and determine the heritability of temperature‐related traits like average field body temperature (Tb) and preferred temperature (Tp). We measuredTpofUta stansburianain a laboratory thermal gradient and assessed the contribution of sex, reproductive status and throat color genotype to phenotypic variation inTbof adult lizards. Females had higherTpthan males. However, they temporarily preferred lower temperature when gravid than when nongravid. Using a nested half‐sib design for genetic crosses in the laboratory, we estimated relative contributions of additive genetic variation and maternal effects toTpof hatchlings. Our results show that maternal effects, but not additive genetic variation, influenceTpof hatchlings inU. stansburiana. MaternalTpand the presence or absence of blue throat color alleles significantly influencedTpof hatchlings. We discuss ecological and evolutionary consequences of these maternal effects in the context of rapid climate change and natural selection that we measure on progeny survival to maturity as a function of maternalTp.
Flux Synthesis and Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Cobalt Europium Trisilicate
Authors: Wierzbicka‐Wieczorek Maria , Lenz Christoph , Giester Gerald 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA trisilicate with a new structure type, CoEu2Si3O10, was obtained from molybdate–carbonate mixtures in Pt crucibles by using a high‐temperature flux‐growth method. The structural characterization of CoEu2Si3O10was done by evaluation of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data collected at three different temperatures (105, 293, and 370 K). The light violet crystals are monoclinic, space groupP21/nwitha= 6.5620(13),b= 6.7207(13),c= 16.986(3) Å,β= 90.06(3)°,V= 749.1(3) Å3, andR(F)= 2.49 %, at room temperature. The new crystal structure type features layers parallel to (001) containing Si3O10groups and Co2O10dimers. The Si–Si–Si angle of the Si3O10unit is 115.7°. Raman spectroscopy and a study of the photoluminescence properties of the Eu3+ions in CoEu2Si3O10were undertaken.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Alkynylation of Cyclopropenones
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Sakurai Yusuke 
Published: May 2013

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene–palladium catalysts are used to promote addition/ring opening of cyclopropenones with terminal alkynes. The ring‐opening alkynylation affords alkenyl alkynyl ketones in good yields. For reactions with propargylic esters having an aryl or alkenyl substituent at the propargylic position, [3+2] annulation occurs exclusively to give 4‐methylenecyclopentenones.
A method to map riparian exotic vegetation (Salix spp.) area to inform water resource management
Authors: Doody Tanya M. , Lewis Megan , Benyon Richard G. , Byrne Guy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHydrological processes within riparian environments worldwide are impacted when introduced species invade. Monitoring and management at substantial expense, are subsequently required to combat deleterious effects on the environment and stream hydrology. Willow species (Salicaceae: Salix spp.) introduced into Australia have spread throughout many riparian systems causing adverse environmental impacts, with high rates of water extraction when located within stream beds (in‐stream willows) thus altering hydrology. Strategies exist to manage willows; however, simpler, more cost‐effective methods are required to map and monitor spatial and temporal distributions. A method is presented to discriminate willow stands from surrounding native riparian vegetation using a single, very high 2 m resolution multispectral WorldView‐2 satellite image. A combination of spectral bands ‘coastal blue’ (400–450 nm), ‘red’ (630–690 nm), ‘red edge’ (705–745 nm) and ‘near infrared2’ (860–1040 nm), minimum noise fraction transformation, median filtering and maximum likelihood supervised classification provided the highest discriminatory power within a 25 km2 study area. Of the spectral bands, coastal blue, red edge and near infrared2 are new bands that are not available in other multispectral sensors. These bands proved critical to the success of discriminating willows from other land cover categories (overall accuracy of 97%). Stream channels were defined by incorporating a LiDAR‐derived digital elevation model to discriminate between willows on stream banks and within stream beds. Canopy area estimates of in‐stream willows, coupled with water savings estimates from willow removal, suggest removal of 10.4 ha of Salix fragilis canopy from within river channels in the study area will potentially return 41 ML year−1 to the environment. The method presented improves our understanding of willow impacts on hydrology and aids decisions regarding willow removal for water resource management. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bio and Nano Working Together: Engineering the Protein‐Nanoparticle Interface
Authors: Mout Rubul , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSurface engineering of nanoparticles controls the interaction of these materials with proteins and other biomolecules. These interactions provide an important tool for integrating synthetic and biological systems. We will discuss the use of nanoparticles to modulate the structure and function of proteins, the self‐assembly of proteins and nanoparticles to create multifunctional materials, and the construction of nanoparticle‐based sensors for the detection and identification of proteins and cells.
Genetic Association and Gene Expression Profiles of TGFB1 and the Contribution of TGFB1 to Otosclerosis Susceptibility
Authors: Priyadarshi Saurabh , Ray Chinmay Sundar , Panda Khirod Chandra , Desai Ashim , Nayak Soumya Ranjan , Biswal Narayan Chandra , Ramchander Puppala Venkat 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Otosclerosis (OTSC) is a common form of acquired hearing loss resulting from disturbed bone remodeling in the otic capsule of the middle ear. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) produced by osteoblasts is the most abundant growth factor in human bone. Previous studies have shown the contribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TGFB1 toward the risk of developing OTSC in some ethnic populations. The present study was aimed at investigating the genetic association and expression profiles of TGFB1 in OTSC patients. Two SNPs (c.–800G &gt; A and c.–509C &gt; T) in the promoter region and three SNPs (c.29T &gt; C, c.74G &gt; C, and c.788C &gt; T) in the coding region were genotyped in 170 cases and 170 controls. The genetic association analysis revealed the significant association between c.–509C &gt; T (p = 0.0067; odds ratio [OR] = 1.562; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.140–2.139) and OTSC. The increased minor allele “T” frequency in cases (0.42) compared to controls (0.31) indicates its possible role in the etiology of the disease. The minor allele frequencies for the SNPs c.–800G &gt; A, c.29T &gt; C, and c.74G &gt; C were similar among the cases (0.04, 0.47, and 0.08, respectively) and controls (0.05, 0.42, 0.07, respectively). We found that c.788C &gt; T was monomorphic in this population. Interestingly, a four-locus haplotype (G-T-T-G) from these SNPs was found to be significantly associated with OTSC (p = 0.0077). We identified a de novo heterozygous mutation c.–832G &gt; A in the promoter region of TGFB1 in 1 patient. In a secondary analysis, we investigated the possibility of abnormal TGFB1 expression and irregular bone growth in OTSC by expression analysis of TGFB1 mRNA in disease tissue compared to control. We found relatively increased expression of TGFB1 mRNA in the stapes tissues of cases compared to controls (p = 0.0057). In conclusion, this study identified a risk variant c.–509C &gt; T and a risk haplotype G-T-T-G in the TGFB1 gene that contribute toward the susceptibility to OTSC. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Soldier Morphogenesis in the Damp‐Wood Termite Is Regulated by the Insulin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hattori Akiko , Sugime Yasuhiro , Sasa Chifune , Miyakawa Hitoshi , Ishikawa Yuki , Miyazaki Satoshi , Okada Yasukazu , Cornette Richard , Lavine Laura Corley , Emlen Douglas J. , Koshikawa Shigeyuki , Miura Toru 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEusocial insects exhibit various morphological castes associated with the division of labor within a colony. Termite soldiers possess defensive traits including mandibles that are greatly exaggerated and enlarged, as compared to termite reproductives and workers. The enlarged mandibles of soldiers are known to result from dynamic morphogenesis during soldier differentiation that can be induced by juvenile hormone and its analogs. However, the detailed developmental mechanisms still remain unresolved. Because the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway has been shown to regulate the relative sizes of organs (i.e., allometry) in other insects, we examined the expression profiles of major IIS factors in the damp‐wood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti, during soldier differentiation. The relative expression patterns of orthologs for termite InR (HsjInR), PKB/Akt (HsjPKB/Akt), and FOXO (HsjFOXO) suggest that HsjInR and HsjPKB/Akt were up‐regulated in the period of elongation of mandibles during soldier development. In situ hybridization showed that HsjInR was strongly expressed in the mandibular epithelial tissues, and RNA interference (RNAi) for HsjInR disrupted soldier‐specific morphogenesis including mandibular elongation. These results suggest that signaling through the IIS pathway is required for soldier‐specific morphogenesis. In addition, up‐regulation of the IIS pathway in other body tissues occurred at earlier stages of development, indicating that there is tissue‐specific IIS regulation. Because the IIS pathway is generally thought to act upstream of JH in insects, our results suggest the damp‐wood termite may have evolved a novel feedback loop between JH and IIS that enables social interactions, rather than nutrition, to regulate caste determination. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:295–306, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platelets increase while serum reduces the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts in vitro
Authors: Agis Hermann , Schröckmair Stefan , Skorianz Carmine , Fischer Michael B. , Watzek Georg , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPlatelets modulate formation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, but research with different preparations of platelets remains inconclusive. Here, we assessed whether serum components modulate the effect of platelet preparations. In murine bone marrow cultures, osteoclastogenesis was investigated in the presence of platelet‐released supernatant (PRS), serum containing PRS (SC‐PRS), and serum. Osteoclastogenesis was quantified by the numbers of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive multinucleated cells, TRAP activity and resorption assays. Also human osteoclastogenesis assays were performed. Viability and proliferation were tested by MTT and 3[H]thymidine incorporation assays, respectively. Osteoblastogenesis was assessed by histochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase‐of murine bone marrow cultures and human MG63 cells. We found PRS to increase the number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells in the early phase and TRAP activity in the later phase of osteoclastogenesis. SC‐PRS and serum decreased the number and activity of TRAP+ multinucleated cells. Both serum containing preparations reduced viability and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors. PRS decreased the numbers of alkaline phosphatase‐positive colonies while SC‐PRS and serum increased osteoblastmarkers in MG63. Proliferation of MG63 was stimulated by all preparations. These results show that activated platelets support osteoclastogenesis, while platelet preparations that contain serum components decrease osteoclastogenesis and increase osteoblastogenesis in vitro, suggesting that serum components modulate the effects of platelets on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1561–1569, 2013
Texture‐based and diffusion‐weighted discrimination of parotid gland lesions on MR images at 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Fruehwald‐Pallamar Julia , Czerny Christian , Holzer‐Fruehwald Laura , Nemec Stefan F. , Mueller‐Mang Christina , Weber Michael , Mayerhoefer Marius E. 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether texture‐based analysis of standard MRI sequences and diffusion‐weighted imaging can help in the discrimination of parotid gland masses.The MR images of 38 patients with a biopsy‐ or surgery‐proven parotid gland mass were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were examined on the same 3.0 Tesla MR unit, with one standard protocol. The ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) values of the tumors were measured with three regions of interest (ROIs) covering the entire tumor. Texture‐based analysis was performed with the texture analysis software MaZda (version 4.7), with ROI measurements covering the entire tumor in three slices. COC (co‐occurrence matrix), RUN (run‐length matrix), GRA (gradient), ARM (auto‐regressive model), and WAV (wavelet transform) features were calculated for all ROIs. Three subsets of 10 texture features each were used for a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in combination with k nearest neighbor classification (k‐NN).Using histology as a standard of reference, benign tumors, including subtypes, and malignant tumors were compared with regard to ADC and texture‐based values, with a one‐way analysis of variance with post‐hoc t‐tests.Significant differences were found in the mean ADC values between Warthin tumors and pleomorphic adenomas, as well as between Warthin tumors and benign lesions. Contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images contained the most relevant textural information for the discrimination between benign and malignant parotid masses, and also for the discrimination between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors. STIR images contained the least relevant texture features, particularly for the discrimination between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors.Texture analysis proved to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, as well as pleomorphic adenomas from Warthin tumors, based on standard T1w sequences (without and with contrast). Of all benign parotid masses, Warthin tumors had significantly lower ADC values than the other entities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H‐NMR Quantification of Major Saccharides in Açaí Raw Materials: a Comparison of the Internal Standard Methodology with the Absolute Intensity qNMR Method
Authors: Sterling Cole , Crouch Ronald , Russell David J. , Calderón Angela I. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionWhile the use of internal standard methodology for qNMR is a proven and reliable form of quantification, simplified alternative approaches are needed. Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR utility software is a valuable alternative that has not yet been subjected to validation in the peer‐reviewed literature.ObjectiveTo provide validation of Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR method with a specific application to natural product quantification by measuring saccharide content in açaí materials.MethodsIn order to validate the method, calibration test samples of ibuprofen were prepared in DMSO‐d6 at nine different concentrations and measured with 1H‐NMR. A minimum of 40 spectra were collected for each sample, and the absolute intensity utility was used for quantification. The same methodology was then applied to the açaí materials, creating triplicates for each of the materials and using 3‐(trimethylsilyl)‐1‐propanesulphonic acid sodium salt in water‐d2 as both the solvent and internal standard. 1H‐NMR spectra were collected, and the amounts of glucose, sucrose and fructose were determined using both the internal standard approach and the absolute intensity qNMR method.ResultsApplying the absolute intensity utility to the ibuprofen samples demonstrated a linear response (R2 = 0.99943). For the açaí investigations, results obtained from the absolute intensity method were comparable to those obtained from the internal standard approach, with percentage differences ranging from 0.5–6.2%.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the accuracy, precision and reliability of Agilent's absolute intensity qNMR method. In addition, practical information is provided for assessing the saccharide contents of açaí materials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assigning exposure duration to single prescriptions by use of the waiting time distribution
Authors: Pottegård Anton , Hallas Jesper 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and present a method to calculate which exposure duration should be assigned to single prescriptions for use in databases where information on expected duration is not recorded.MethodsWe propose a method, based on the waiting time distribution (WTD), which estimates how frequently prevalent users redeem new prescriptions. However, we added two steps to the WTD‐approach. First, we excluded incident users, representing noise in the analysis. Second, we calculated the cumulative percentage of users that had presented themselves after a given number of days. Using a cutoff value of 80%, we thus calculated the number of days for the majority of prevalent users to present themselves, that is, the exposure duration that should be assigned to the single prescription. The primary strength of the method is that it can be applied in a standardized fashion and that it does not require information on dosage instructions. The primary weakness of the method is that it is only usable on drugs with predominantly chronic use patterns. The method was tested using four model drugs: bendroflumethiazide, warfarin, levothyroxine, and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).ResultsWe found exposure period estimates of 92, 86, 69, and 210 days for bendroflumethiazide, levothyroxine, warfarin, and NSAIDs prescriptions, respectively. NSAIDs were found not to comply with the requirements of the method. The calculated number of exposed days was only slightly influenced by the assumptions of the method.ConclusionsThe method provides a useful approach to generate automated estimates of exposure duration that should be assigned to each prescription. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method for Deriving Functional Architectures from Use Cases
Authors: Lamm Jesko G. , Weilkiens Tim 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFunctional architecture enables the description of systems independent of their technology. A method for obtaining functional architectures for systems (the FAS method) is introduced. It provides a well‐defined procedure for deriving functional architecture from use cases by using heuristics for grouping functions and allocating them to functional blocks. A specialty of the FAS method is the structural representation of functional architectures in block‐oriented form. An example system from the hearing instrument domain is used for demonstrating the method. The application of the FAS method together with the SysML modeling language is described, and modeling tool support is discussed. The authors report their experiences with the method from industrial projects, for example that analysts and architects could improve their communication by means of the FAS method. It is concluded that the method together with tool support facilitates the team process of creating model‐based functional architectures based on use cases.
Credibility Assessment of Models and Simulations Based on NASA’s Models and Simulation Standard Using the Delphi Method
Authors: Ahn Jaemyung , de Weck Olivier L. , Steele Martin 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a procedure to assess the credibility of models and simulations (M&S) as a group activity based on NASA’s new standard for M&S NASA‐STD‐7009. The Delphi method, which is characterized by iterative surveys with controlled feedback, was selected to implement the assessment. The proposed procedure is expected to address the issues in the M&S assessment related to a high level of required expertise and group decision making. An actual credibility assessment study using the proposed procedure on an M&S platform referred to as SpaceNet has been carried out by ten panel members through a two‐round Delphi. The study concluded that the overall credibility of SpaceNet version 1.3 was between the development level and production level. The variances of the assessments in the second‐round survey were significantly reduced compared with the first‐round results, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
Real‐time elastography for assessment of uterine disorders
Authors: Stoelinga B. , Hehenkamp W. J. K. , Brölmann H. A. M. , Huirne J. A. F. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesSonoelastography is an ultrasound‐imaging technique that measures tissue strain. The aim of this study was to define, in a systematic manner, specific sonoelastographic characteristics of the myometrium, fibroids and adenomyosis, to evaluate the feasibility of sonoelastography in patients with suspected gynecological pathology and to compare the results with histology and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based diagnoses.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational cohort study between 2009 and 2011. Two‐hundred and eighteen women with suspected gynecological pathology underwent routine transvaginal ultrasound and additional real‐time sonographic elastography. Sixty‐nine of the 218 women underwent MRI and/or histological examination and were included in the final analysis. Acquisition of elastographic images was standardized. We analyzed the elastographic characteristics of myometrium, fibroids and adenomyosis. An independent observer, unaware of clinical, histological or MRI findings, evaluated the recorded elastographic images and cineloops. These elastographic‐based diagnoses were compared with histology and/or MRI diagnoses.ResultsWith elastography, the uterus was well delineated from the surrounding bowel. The myometrium was uniform in color in 49% of the cases, with a main color of purple or dark blue, indicating stiffer tissue. Fibroids and adenomyosis had different elastographic characteristics and different color patterns. In general, fibroids were darker and adenomyosis was brighter than adjacent myometrium. The agreement between elastography‐based diagnosis of fibroids and adenomyosis with MRI‐based diagnosis was excellent; with histology‐based diagnosis, agreement was substantial for fibroids and adenomyosis.ConclusionsElastography is able to identify clear discriminating characteristics of the uterus, fibroids and adenomyosis, and elastography‐based diagnoses are in excellent agreement with those of MRI. Agreement between elastography‐based diagnosis of adenomyosis and histology is substantial but not optimal. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.