bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatic versus halokinetic control on sedimentation in a dryland fluvial succession
Authors: Banham Steven G. , Mountney Nigel P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFluvial systems and their preserved stratigraphic expression as the fill of evolving basins are controlled by multiple factors, which can vary both spatially and temporally, including prevailing climate, sediment provenance, localized changes in the rates of creation and infill of accommodation in response to subsidence, and diversion by surface topographic features. In basins that develop in response to halokinesis, mobilized salt tends to be displaced by sediment loading to create a series of rapidly subsiding mini‐basins, each separated by growing salt walls. The style and pattern of fluvial sedimentation governs the rate at which accommodation becomes filled, whereas the rate of growth of basin‐bounding salt walls governs whether an emergent surface topography will develop that has the potential to divert and modify fluvial drainage pathways and thereby dictate the resultant fluvial stratigraphic architecture. Discerning the relative roles played by halokinesis and other factors, such as climate‐driven variations in the rate and style of sediment supply, is far from straightforward. Diverse stratigraphic architectures present in temporally equivalent, neighbouring salt‐walled mini‐basins demonstrate the effectiveness of topographically elevated salt walls as agents that partition and guide fluvial pathways, and thereby control the loci of accumulation of fluvial successions in evolving mini‐basins: drainage pathways can be focused into a single mini‐basin to preserve a sand‐prone fill style, whilst leaving adjoining basins relatively sand‐starved. By contrast, over the evolutionary history of a suite of salt‐walled mini‐basins, region‐wide changes in fluvial style can be shown to have been driven by changes in palaeoclimate and sediment‐delivery style. The Triassic Moenkopi Formation of the south‐western USA represents the preserved expression of a dryland fluvial system that accumulated across a broad, low‐relief alluvial plain, in a regressive continental to paralic setting. Within south‐eastern Utah, the Moenkopi Formation accumulated in a series of actively subsiding salt‐walled mini‐basins, ongoing evolution of which exerted a significant control on the style of drainage and resultant pattern of stratigraphic accumulation. Drainage pathways developed axial (parallel) to salt walls, resulting in compartmentalized accumulation of strata whereby neighbouring mini‐basins record significant variations in sedimentary style at the same stratigraphic level. Despite the complexities created by halokinetic controls, the signature of climate‐driven sediment delivery can be deciphered from the preserved succession by comparison with the stratigraphic expression of part of the system that accumulated beyond the influence of halokinesis, and this approach can be used to demonstrate regional variations in climate‐controlled styles of sediment delivery.
Social Self‐Control, Externalizing Behavior, and Peer Liking Among Children with ADHD‐CT: A Mediation Model
Authors: Rosen Paul J. , Vaughn Aaron J. , Epstein Jeffery N. , Hoza Betsy , Arnold L. Eugene , Hechtman Lily , Molina Brooke S. G. , Swanson James M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the role of externalizing behavior as a mediator of the relation between social self‐control and peer liking among children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder‐combined type (ADHD‐CT). A model was proposed whereby externalizing behavior would fully statistically account for the direct relation of social self‐control to peer liking. One hundred seventy‐two children ages 7.0–9.9 years with ADHD‐CT were rated by their teachers regarding their social self‐control and by their parents and teachers regarding their rates of externalizing behavior. Same‐sex classmates provided ratings of overall liking. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the proposed model. Results supported the proposed model of externalizing behavior as fully statistically accounting for the relation of social self‐control to peer liking. This study demonstrated the crucial role that externalizing behaviors play in the social impairment commonly seen among children with ADHD‐CT.
When Is It Okay to Exclude a Member of the Ingroup? Children's and Adolescents’ Social Reasoning
Authors: Hitti Aline , Mulvey Kelly Lynn , Rutland Adam , Abrams Dominic , Killen Melanie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSocial exclusion of those who challenge group norms was investigated by asking children and adolescents, adolescents, age 9–13 years (N =381), to evaluate exclusion of group members who deviated from group norms. Testing predictions from social reasoning developmental theories of group‐based exclusion, children and adolescents evaluated exclusion based on group norms involving allocation of resources and group traditions about dress code. Exclusion of deviant members was viewed as increasingly wrong with age, but also varied by the type of norm the deviant challenged. Participants who reported disliking a deviant member who wanted to distribute money unequally also found it acceptable to exclude them. Those who disliked deviants who went against norms about dress codes did not think exclusion was warranted. These findings are discussed in the context of children's social‐cognitive development regarding peer rejection as well as the role played by moral judgment and group dynamics.
Alloimmunisation during pregnancy in Greece: need for nationwide HDFN prevention programme
Authors: Foudoulaki‐Paparizos L. , Valsami S. , Bournas N. , Tsantes A. , Grapsas P. , Mantzios G. , Travlou A. , Politou M. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYAim/ObjectivesTo access the incidence and specificity of maternal red blood cells alloimmunisation and its relevant clinical impact in Greece.BackgroundThe rate of alloimmunisation in pregnant women in Greece is unknown.Materials/MethodsWe performed a 4‐year study in two tertiary hospitals in Greece. Demographics, transfusion and obstetric history were analysed. Maternal alloimmunisation was detected with indirect anti‐globulin test.ResultsWe investigated 4368 pregnant women. Of which 3292 (75·37%) were Greek and 1076 (24·63%) were migrants. In 39 alloimmunised women, 41 alloantibodies were detected (0·89%). The incidence of alloimmunisation was 0·66% (22/3292) in Greeks and 1·76% (17/1076) in migrants (P = 0·01). Anti‐D was the most frequent alloantibody (0·18%). Anti‐D was more frequent in migrants; 5·76% compared to 0·56% in Greek RhD negative women (P = 0·002).Other antibody specificities in declining frequency rank were anti‐K, anti‐E, anti‐Lea, anti‐M, anti‐c, anti‐Ce, anti‐Jka, anti‐Jkb and anti‐C.Primiparae vs para >2 and past history of blood transfusion were significantly associated with alloimmunisation during pregnancy (P = 0·0088, P < 0·0001, respectively).ConclusionsOur results depict differences in the delivery of health care between migrants and Greek women, as well as the heterogeneity in practices for the prevention of haemolytic disease of foetus and newborn in Greece and highlight the need for the implementation of nationwide guidelines.
Acute hemolysis after intravenous immunoglobulin amid host factors of ABO‐mismatched bone marrow transplantation, inflammation, and activated mononuclear phagocytes
Authors: Michelis Fotios V. , Branch Donald R. , Scovell Iain , Bloch Evgenia , Pendergrast Jacob , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine M. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundHemolysis may follow intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with product, dosing, and host factors contributing. The importance of recipient features remains unclear.Case ReportA 52‐year‐old obese woman, 10 years after ABO‐mismatched (recipient O, donor A) marrow transplantation, presented with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). IVIG at 100 g/day × 2 days was followed by hemoglobinuria and angina and dyspnea, with frank hemoglobinemia and anemia (hemoglobin 12.9 to 8.4 over 24 hr, to a nadir of 6.9 g/dL).Study Design and MethodsSerologic methods established ABO, A1, Lewis, and Secretor type, while monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) examined erythrophagocytosis with control or patient monocytes, and the implicated IVIG lot to opsonize control (group A1, A2, B, O) or patient red blood cells (RBCs). Baseline, hemolytic, and convalescent markers (including cytokines) were assessed.ResultsPassive anti‐A was identified on reverse type and eluted from sensitized RBCs (immunoglobulin G 1+, C3d–). Le(a–b+) typing and saliva confirmed H Secretor status. MMA revealed significant activity between patient RBCs, monocytes, and IVIG. However, normal A1 cells opsonized with IVIG were not significantly phagocytosed by either normal or patient monocytes. Proinflammatory markers were significantly elevated before and after IVIG.ConclusionsSynergizing host factors (including obesity‐unadjusted dosing and existing inflammation) marked this severe post‐IVIG hemolytic crisis. Group A antigen restriction to myeloid tissues, with H Secretor phenotype, may have contributed, rendering this bone marrow transplant chimera vulnerable to anti‐A in a manner analogous to the idiosyncratic effect of therapeutic anti‐D in certain D+ ITP recipients. However, MMA suggested a macrophage activation state as contributory, perhaps precipitated by existing inflammation.
Role of preoperative anemia for risk of transfusion and postoperative morbidity in fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jans Øivind , Jørgensen Christoffer , Kehlet Henrik , Johansson Pär I. ,   Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast‐track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPreoperative anemia has been associated with increased risk of allogeneic blood transfusion and postoperative morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of preoperative anemia and its association with postoperative outcomes has not previously been reported in relation to fast‐track elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative anemia in elective fast‐track THA and TKA and its association with risk of perioperative transfusion, prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS), and postoperative readmission.Study Design and MethodsThis was a prospective observational database study with data obtained from six high‐volume Danish fast‐track surgical centers. Preoperative hemoglobin and patient demographics were collected prospectively using questionnaires while outcome and transfusion data were collected using national databases and patient charts. Adjusted risk estimates for transfusion, prolonged LOS, and all‐cause readmission according to preoperative anemia status were obtained by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 5.165 THA or TKA procedures were included with a mean patient age of 67 ± 11 years and a median LOS of 2 (interquartile range, 2‐3) days. A total of 662 patients (12.8%) had preoperative anemia according to World Health Organization classification. Preoperative anemia was associated with increased risk of receiving transfusion during admission (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8‐5.8), increased risk of readmission within 90 days from surgery (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.9), and increased risk of LOS of more than 5 days (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.9‐3.4) after adjustment for preoperative patient‐related risk factors.ConclusionPreoperative anemia in elective fast‐track THA and TKA is independently associated with transfusion and increased postoperative morbidity, supporting the need for preoperative evaluation and treatment.
Efficacy and safety of oclacitinib for the control of pruritus and associated skin lesions in dogs with canine allergic dermatitis
Authors: Cosgrove Sallie B. , Wren Jody A. , Cleaver Dawn M. , Martin David D. , Walsh Kelly F. , Harfst Jessica A. , Follis Stacey L. , King Vickie L. , Boucher Joseph F. , Stegemann Michael R. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundOclacitinib (Apoquel®) inhibits the function of a variety of pro‐inflammatory, pro‐allergic and pruritogenic cytokines that are dependent on Janus kinase enzyme activity. Oclacitinib selectively inhibits Janus kinase 1.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oclacitinib for the control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis in a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsClient‐owned dogs (n = 436) with moderate to severe owner‐assessed pruritus and a presumptive diagnosis of allergic dermatitis were enrolled. Dogs were randomized to either oclacitinib at 0.4–0.6 mg/kg orally twice daily or an excipient‐matched placebo. An enhanced 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) was used by the owners to assess the severity of pruritus from day 0 to 7 and by veterinarians to assess the severity of dermatitis on days 0 and 7. Dogs could remain on the study for 28 days.ResultsPretreatment owner and veterinary VAS scores were similar for the two treatment groups. Oclacitinib produced a rapid onset of efficacy within 24 h. Mean oclacitinib Owner Pruritus VAS scores were significantly better than placebo scores (P < 0.0001) on each assessment day. Pruritus scores decreased from 7.58 to 2.59 cm following oclacitinib treatment. The day 7 mean oclacitinib Veterinarian Dermatitis VAS scores were also significantly better (P < 0.0001) than placebo scores. Diarrhoea and vomiting were reported with similar frequency in both groups.Conclusions and clinical importanceIn this study, oclacitinib provided rapid, effective and safe control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis, with owners and veterinarians noting substantial improvements in pruritus and dermatitis VAS scores.
Feline trombiculosis: a retrospective study in 72 cats
Authors: Leone Federico , Di Bella Andrea , Vercelli Antonella , Cornegliani Luisa 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundTrombiculosis is the infestation of a host by the larval form of mites belonging to the Trombiculidae family. Few data are available regarding this infestation in cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study was to report data, clinical signs, diagnostic and therapeutic features of feline trombiculosis.MethodsClinical records of cats presented for dermatological examination or annual vaccination in Italy, from 2002 to 2012, were retrospectively searched using the key words trombiculosis, cat and Neotrombicula.ResultsSeventy‐two indoor/outdoor domestic short‐hair cats with infestation by Neotrombicula autumnalis were enrolled. Pruritus was reported by the owners in 43% of cases, while 57% of cats were asymptomatic. The most common clinical signs included sudden onset of pruritus and the appearance of orange‐coloured granules on the skin. Mites were found incidentally in 12 cats. The larvae were localized in multiple sites in 68% of cases. The most frequently affected area was the ear (80.5% of cases). Mites were more often identified in autumn (41 cases). Eleven cats were diagnosed during winter, 13 in spring and seven in summer.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis retrospective study suggests that feline trombiculosis is probably underestimated as a cause of pruritus and dermatological lesions. Epidemiological data regarding this infestation in cats are still lacking, and it will be interesting to perform a multicentre study to increase knowledge of this disease.
In vitro effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides delivered by gelatin nanoparticles on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic and healthy dogs – a pilot study
Authors: Prélaud Ana Rostaher , Fuchs Sebastian , Weber Karin , Winter Gerhard , Coester Conrad , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundCytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides offer a novel promising immunotherapeutic approach for atopic dermatitis (AD) both in humans and animals. Gelatin nanoparticles (GNP) enhance and prolong CpG‐associated immunomodulatory effects and minimize adverse effects both in vitro and in vivo. Information about the effects of this combination in dogs is lacking.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate immunological effects of CpG coupled to GNP on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro.AnimalsEight dogs with AD, diagnosed by standard criteria and with a concurrent immediate hypersensitivity to house dust mites were included. Control samples were taken from eight healthy, age‐matched control dogs without history or evidence of cutaneous or systemic illness.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy and allergic dogs were incubated with CpG‐GNP and the uptake of CpG‐GNP was demonstrated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell culture supernatant concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐10 were measured by Canine Cytokine Milliplex.ResultsNo significant changes in IFN‐γ and IL‐4 were found when comparing PBMCs incubated with CpG and CpG‐GNP with the negative controls in atopic and healthy dogs. Interleukin‐6 was not detected in any of the groups. However, a statistically significant increase in IL‐10 concentration was found after 24 h stimulation with CpG‐GNP compared with CpG alone both in atopic and healthy dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceAs IL‐10 is considered an immunosuppressive cytokine playing a key role in peripheral tolerance; the reported CpG‐GNP formulation could be a new approach in allergy treatment.
Stochastic Simulation Model Comparing Distributions of STEC O157 Faecal Shedding Prevalence Between Cattle Vaccinated With Type III Secreted Protein Vaccines and Non‐Vaccinated Cattle
Authors: Vogstad A. R. , Moxley R. A. , Erickson G. E. , Klopfenstein T. J. , Smith D. R. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPens of cattle with high Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) prevalence at harvest may present a greater risk to food safety than pens of lower prevalence. Vaccination of live cattle against STEC O157 has been proposed as an approach to reduce STEC O157 prevalence in live cattle. Our objective was to create a stochastic simulation model to evaluate the effectiveness of pre‐harvest interventions. We used the model to compare STEC O157 prevalence distributions for summer‐ and winter‐fed cattle to summer‐fed cattle immunized with a type III secreted protein (TTSP) vaccine. Model inputs were an estimate of vaccine efficacy, observed frequency distributions for number of animals within a pen, and pen‐level faecal shedding prevalence for summer and winter. Uncertainty about vaccine efficacy was simulated using a log‐normal distribution (mean = 58%, SE = 0.14). Model outputs were distributions of STEC O157 faecal pen prevalence of summer‐fed cattle unvaccinated and vaccinated, and winter‐fed cattle unvaccinated. The simulation was performed 5000 times. Summer faecal prevalence ranged from 0% to 80% (average = 30%). Thirty‐six per cent of summer‐fed pens had STEC O157 prevalence >40%. Winter faecal prevalence ranged from 0% to 60% (average = 10%). Seven per cent of winter‐fed pens had STEC O157 prevalence >40%. Faecal prevalence for summer‐fed pens vaccinated with a 58% efficacious vaccine product ranged from 0% to 52% (average = 13%). Less than one per cent of vaccinated pens had STEC O157 prevalence >40%. In this simulation, vaccination mitigated the risk of STEC O157 faecal shedding to levels comparable to winter, with the major effects being reduced average shedding prevalence, reduced variability in prevalence distribution, and a reduction in the occurrence of the highest prevalence pens. Food safety decision‐makers may find this modelling approach useful for evaluating the value of pre‐harvest interventions.
Global Epigenomic Reconfiguration During Mammalian Brain Development
Authors: Lister Ryan , Mukamel Eran A. , Nery Joseph R. , Urich Mark , Puddifoot Clare A. , Johnson Nicholas D. , Lucero Jacinta , Huang Yun , Dwork Andrew J. , Schultz Matthew D. , Yu Miao , Tonti-Filippini Julian , Heyn Holger , Hu Shijun , Wu Joseph C. , Rao Anjana , Esteller Manel , He Chuan , Haghighi Fatemeh G. , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Behrens M. Margarita , Ecker Joseph R. 
Published: July 2013

Epigenetic BrainscapeEpigenetic modifications and their potential changes during development are of high interest, but few studies have characterized such differences.Listeret al.(1237905, published online 4 July; see the Perspective byGabel and Greenberg) report whole-genome base-resolution analysis of DNA cytosine modifications and transcriptome analysis in the frontal cortex of human and mouse brains at multiple developmental stages. The high-resolution mapping of DNA cytosine methylation (5mC) and one of its oxidation derivatives (5hmC) at key developmental stages provides a comprehensive resource covering the temporal dynamics of these epigenetic modifications in neurons compared to glia. The data suggest that methylation marks are dynamic during brain development in both humans and mice.
Discordant U waves in the setting of hyperkalaemia
Authors: Chhabra Lovely , Spodick David H 
Published: July 2013

Physiological U wave genesis occurs likely secondary to either late repolarisation of Purkinje fibres, or late repolarisation of some myocardial cells and/or delayed after depolarisation of the ventricular wall occurring during ventricular filling. Hypokalaemia has a well-known association with pathological ‘U wave’ which actually combines with the T wave (TU complex) and results from slowing of phase 3 of the action potential with resultant electrical interaction between the three myocardial layers. U waves usually tend to disappear in the setting of hyperkalaemia. We report an unusual case where hyperkalaemia and discordant U waves coexisted. We believe that this may have occurred as a result of partial clinical adaptation of cardiac myocytes to the long-standing effects of hyperkalaemia as the patient had underlying history of chronic kidney disease. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of the U wave genesis and the importance of different U wave morphologies encountered in the real clinical practice.
A predictive model of outcomes during cerebral aneurysm coiling
Authors: Bekelis Kimon , Missios Symeon , MacKenzie Todd A , Fischer Adina , Labropoulos Nicos , Eskey Clifford 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBenchmarking of complications is necessary in the context of the developing path to accountable care. We attempted to create a predictive model of negative outcomes in patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm coiling (CACo).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients who underwent CACo from 2005 to 2009 and who were registered in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. A model for outcome prediction based on individual patient characteristics was developed.ResultsOf the 10 607 patients undergoing CACo, 6056 presented with unruptured aneurysms (57.1%) and 4551 with subarachnoid hemorrhage (42.9%). The respective inpatient postoperative risks were 0.3%, 5.7%, 1.8%, 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.2%, 1.9%, and 0.1% for unruptured aneurysms, and 13.8%, 52.8%, 4.9%, 36.7%, 1%, 2.9%, 2.3%, and 0.8% for ruptured aneurysms for death, unfavorable discharge, stroke, treated hydrocephalus, cardiac complications, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and acute renal failure. Multivariate analysis identified risk factors independently associated with the above outcomes. A validated model for outcome prediction based on individual patient characteristics was developed. The accuracy of the model was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and it was found to have good discrimination.ConclusionsThe presented model can aid in the prediction of the incidence of postoperative complications, and can be used as an adjunct in tailoring the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.