bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric variation between two morphotypes within the Astyanax Baird and Girard, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Characidae) genus, From a Mexican tropical lake
Authors: Ornelas‐García Claudia P. , Bastir Markus , Doadrio Ignacio 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPhenotypic variation is important for evolutionary processes because it can allow local adaptation, promote genetic segregation, and ultimately give rise to speciation. Lacustrine systems provide a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms by which sister species can co‐occur by means of ecological segregation. The fish genus Astyanax is characterized by high levels of phenotypic variability, providing an excellent model for the study of local specialization. Here, we analyze the morphological specializations through geometric morphometrics of two sympatric species described as different genera: Bramocharax caballeroi endemic to Lake Catemaco, and the widely distributed Astyanax aeneus. Additionally, we assess the correlation between phenotypic and genetic structure, and the phylogenetic signal of morphological variation. We examined body size and shape variation in 196 individuals and analyzed mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences in 298 individuals. Our results confirm the striking morphological divergence among the sympatric characids. Differences between them were mainly found in the body depth and profile and orientation of the head, where B. caballeroi in contrast with the A. aeneus, presented a fusiform body and an upward mouth. Moreover, different growth trajectories were observed among morphotypes, suggesting that a heterochronic process could be involved in the diversification of our study system. Morphological differences did not correspond with the molecular differentiation, suggesting high levels of homoplasy among the lineages of B. caballeroi morphs. J. Morphol. 275:721–731, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can they dig it? Functional morphology and semifossoriality among small‐eared shrews, genus Cryptotis (Mammalia, Soricidae)
Authors: Woodman Neal , Gaffney Sarah A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTSmall‐eared shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae: Cryptotis), exhibit modifications of the forelimb skeleton that have been interpreted as adaptations for semifossoriality. Most species inhabit remote regions, however, and their locomotory and foraging behaviors remain mostly speculative. To better understand the morphological modifications in the absence of direct observations, we quantified variation in these species by measuring 151 individuals representing 18 species and populations of Cryptotis and two species of moles (Talpidae) for comparison. From our measurements, we calculated 22 indices, most of which have been used previously to characterize substrate use among rodents and other taxa. We analyzed the indices using 1) average percentile ranks, 2) principal components analysis, and 3) cluster analysis. From these analyses, we determined that three basic modes of substrate adaptation are present within Cryptotis: 1) a primarily terrestrial mode, with species that are capable of burrowing, but lack adaptations to increase digging efficiency, 2) a semifossorial mode, with species whose forelimbs bones show strong muscle attachment areas and increased mechanical advantage, and 3) an intermediate mode. In addition to identifying new morphological characters and contributing to our understanding of the functional morphology of soricids, these analyses provide additional insight into the ecology of the species of interest. J. Morphol. 275:745–759, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors influencing radiation therapy student clinical placement satisfaction
Authors: Bridge Pete , Carmichael Mary‐Ann 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionRadiation therapy students at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) attend clinical placements at five different clinical departments with varying resources and support strategies. This study aimed to determine the relative availability and perceived importance of different factors affecting student support while on clinical placement. The purpose of the research was to inform development of future support mechanisms to enhance radiation therapy students’ experience on clinical placement.MethodsThis study used anonymous Likert‐style surveys to gather data from years 1 and 2 radiation therapy students from QUT and clinical educators from Queensland relating to availability and importance of support mechanisms during clinical placements in a semester.ResultsThe study findings demonstrated student satisfaction with clinical support and suggested that level of support on placement influenced student employment choices. Staff support was perceived as more important than physical resources; particularly access to a named mentor, a clinical educator and weekly formative feedback. Both students and educators highlighted the impact of time pressures.ConclusionsThe support offered to radiation therapy students by clinical staff is more highly valued than physical resources or models of placement support. Protected time and acknowledgement of the importance of clinical education roles are both invaluable. Joint investment in mentor support by both universities and clinical departments is crucial for facilitation of effective clinical learning.
Potential Economic Contribution of Regional Tourism Development in China: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Pratt Stephen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe tourism industry in China has increased dramatically in recent years. Tourism development has been somewhat asymmetric with east coast provinces developing faster than others. This research compares and contrasts the potential economic contribution of tourism across China's provinces. Because of larger multiplier effects, the more economically developed provincial economies will experience greater economic benefits as a result of further increases in tourism. However, several inland provinces are also poised to benefit from increased tourism. Increases in visitor arrivals in these provinces have the potential to benefit both the tourism sectors and those sectors that demand and supply services to these industries. This is an attractive source of economic development in lesser developed provinces. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced Corpus‐Callosum Volume in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Highlights the Importance of Interhemispheric Connectivity for Associative Memory
Authors: Saar‐Ashkenazy Rotem , Cohen Jonathan E. , Guez Jonathan , Gasho Chris , Shelef Ilan , Friedman Alon , Shalev Hadar 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMemory deficits are a common complaint of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite vivid trauma‐related memory, previous studies report memory impairment for nontrauma‐related stimuli when compared to controls, specifically in associative memory (Guez et al., 2011). Healthy individuals show hemispheric memory asymmetry with left‐prefrontal lateralization of encoding and right‐prefrontal lateralization of episodic retrieval, suggesting a role for interhemispheric communication in memory‐related tasks (Gazzaniga, ; Ringo, Doty, Demeter, & Simard, ). Because brain magnetic resonance imaging (bMRI) studies in PTSD patients report volume changes in various regions, including white matter and corpus callosum (CC), we aimed to test the relationship between memory deficits and CC volume in PTSD patients. We probed for specific alterations in associative memory in PTSD and measured the volume of subportions within the CC employing bMRI. Our main finding was a reduction in CC white‐matter volume in PTSD patients, as compared to controls, t(35) = −2.7, p = .010, that was correlated with lower associative performance (r = .76, p = .003). We propose that CC volume reduction is a substrate for the associative memory deficits found in PTSD.
Role of steroids in acute phonotrauma: A basic science investigation
Authors: Ingle John W. , Helou Leah B. , Li Nicole Y. K. , Hebda Patricia A. , Rosen Clark A. , Abbott Katherine V. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives/HypothesisSteroids are used for the treatment of laryngitis in vocal performers and other individuals despite the absence of evidence demonstrating their impact on vocal fold inflammation. Our objective was to examine laryngeal secretion cytokine inflammatory profile changes associated with corticosteroid treatment in a human phonotrauma model.Study DesignProspective, individual, randomized, double‐blinded, controlled trial.MethodsParticipants included 10 healthy females who were randomized to either treatment with oral hydrocortisone or placebo, each given in three doses over 20 hours after the experimental induction of acute phonotrauma. Cytokines associated with inflammation and healing (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10) were measured in laryngeal secretions before and after vocal loading and at 4 and 20 hours after treatment.ResultsProinflammatory mediators IL‐1β and IL‐6 were doubled in the controls versus the steroid treatment group at 21 hours following induction of acute vocal fold inflammation. Anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 showed a 6.3‐fold increase in the steroid treatment group versus the controls, indicating anti‐inflammatory modulation by steroid treatment.ConclusionsThis study provides biologic evidence supporting the use of steroids for acute vocal fold inflammation associated with phonotrauma.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 124:921–927, 2014
Hydrophilic Block Azidation of PCL‐b‐PEO Block Copolymers from Epichlorohydrin
Authors: Liu Junjie , Gan Zhihua 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAmphiphilic diblock copolymers poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL‐b‐PEO) with well‐controlled pendant azido groups along the hydrophilic PEO block, that is, poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐glycidyl azide) (PCL‐b‐P(EO‐co‐GA)), are synthesized from poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐epichlorohydrin) (PCL‐b‐P(EO‐co‐ECH)). The further conversion of those azido groups along the hydrophilic block of copolymers into amino or carboxyl groups via click chemistry is studied. The micelles self‐assembled from PCL‐b‐P(EO‐co‐GA) with azido groups on the shell are crosslinked by the dialkynyl‐PEO. The micelles with crosslinked shell show better stability, higher drug loading capacities, subsequent faster drug release rate, and higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells. The introduction of azido groups into PCL‐b‐PEO amphiphilic diblock copolymers from epichlorohydrin in PEO hydrophilic block in this work provides a new method for biofunctionalization of micelles via mild click chemistry.
PS Microspheres Coated by AuNPs via Thermodynamic Driving Heterocoagulation and Their High Catalytic Activity
Authors: Pan Yunfei , Wang Jianing , Wang Yong , Wang Zhaoqun 
Published: January 2014

A unique method of fabricating PS/AuNPs composite particles in ex situ mode is proposed on the basis of thermodynamically driving mechanism. It is facile and versatile as it eliminates the need for surface functionalizations and modifications of both PS microspheres and AuNPs. The PS/AuNPs composite particles take on a raspberry‐like morphology with controllable coverage according to some thermodynamic factors, which have been extensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. More importantly, the PS/AuNPs composite particles hold higher catalytic efficiency and better repeatability than the previously reported results, which are confirmed in two oxidation–reduction reactions of 2‐nitroaniline/NaBH4 and rhodamine B/NaBH4.
image
Sandwich Complex‐Containing Macromolecules: Property Tunability Through Versatile Synthesis
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Agatemor Christian , Etkin Nola 
Published: January 2014

Sandwich complexes feature unique properties as the physical and electronic properties of a hydrocarbon ligand or its derivative are integrated into the physical, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of a metal. Incorporation of these complexes into macromolecules results in intriguing physical, electrical, and optical properties that were hitherto unknown in organic‐based macromolecules. These properties are tunable through well‐designed synthetic strategies. This review surveys many of the synthetic approaches that have resulted in tuning the properties of sandwich complex‐containing macromolecules. While the past two decades have seen an ever‐growing number of research publications in this field, gaps remain to be filled. Thus, we expect this review to stimulate research interest towards bridging these gaps, which include the insolubility of some of these macromolecules as well as expanding the scope of the sandwich complexes.image
Modified three‐circular‐ring monopole antenna for WiMAX/WLAN triple‐band operations
Authors: Yoon Joong Han , Rhee Young Chul 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this article, a novel triple‐band‐modified three‐circular‐ring monopole antenna with a rectangular slot in the ground plane for wireless local area network (WLAN)/worldwide interoperability of microwave access (WiMAX) applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two circular rings and one open‐ended circular ring. Based on the concept, a prototype of the proposed triple‐band antenna was designed, fabricated, and tested. The numerical and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed antenna satisfied the −10‐dB return loss for impedance bandwidth requirement while simultaneously covering the WLAN and WiMAX bands. Furthermore, this article presents and discusses the two‐dimensional radiation patterns and gains according to the results of the experiment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:625–631, 2014
Balanced and balun diplexers designed using center‐grounded uniform‐impedance resonators
Authors: Lee Ching‐Her , Hsu Chung‐I G. , Wen Pi‐Hung 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA balanced diplexer and a balun diplexer, both with high isolation, are proposed in this article. First, a balanced bandpass filter (BPF) operating in GSM (with a center frequency of 1.92 GHz) and the other in WLAN (with a center frequency of 2.45 GHz) were designed using ordinary uniform‐impedance resonators (UIRs) and center‐grounded UIRs. Next, the two balanced BPFs were combined through two T‐junctions to form a six‐port balanced diplexer. Finally, a five‐port balun diplexer was obtained by removing from the balanced diplexer one of the two T‐junctions along with the microstrip feeding lines connected to it and by carefully adjusting the structural dimensions of the other T‐junction. A satisfactory agreement is validated between simulated and measured results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:555–559, 2014
An LTCC multilayer packaged 24‐Ghz short‐range radar with an embeded Tx leakage canceller
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Seung , Kim Choul‐Young 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe high isolation performance of a Tx leakage canceller was demonstrated using low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) technology. The Tx‐to‐Rx isolation of −52 dB was achieved at 24.15 GHz. The parasitic effects of the Tx leakage canceller were studied for the purpose of reducing Tx leakage. A method involving the vertical stacking of a three‐dimensional LTCC packaging module and an FR‐4 substrate was developed, and a compact 24‐GHz quadrature Doppler radar front‐end module was fabricated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:671–677, 2014
An X‐band Wilkinson power divider and comparison with its miniaturization based on GaAs MMIC process
Authors: Yi Zhenxiang , Liao Xiaoping 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents an X‐band Wilkinson power divider which is completely compatible with GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). The novelty is that, GaAs is chosen for the realization for substrate because of its excellent microwave performance, and Au is used to fabricate transmission lines and air bridges due to its good electric properties. The measured return loss of port 1 is about −32 dB at the center frequency of 9 GHz and less than −16 dB over X‐band. The insertion loss of port 2 and 3 is close to 3.3 dB at 8–12 GHz. The measured bandwidth for which the input return loss is less than −20 dB is about 3.2 GHz. For the miniaturized power divider, the measured return loss of port 1 is about −23 dB at the center frequency of 11 GHz and less than −13 dB over the band of 8–12 GHz. The measured insertion loss of port 2 and 3 is close to 3.5 dB over the X‐band. The measured bandwidth of the miniaturized divider is less than 1.6 GHz. Comparison between the Wilkinson power divider and the miniaturized one shows that the shorter the quarter‐wave transmission line is, the larger the impedance is. Meanwhile, the chip area reduction also leads to narrowed bandwidth of the power divider. The experiments demonstrate that the MMIC chip area of the power divider has been reduced by nearly 50% by capacitive loading, whereas the bandwidth is also narrowed by 50%. Therefore, the Wilkinson power divider applies to the situation if wide bandwidth is needed, while the miniaturized one is a better solution for small chip area. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:700–705, 2014
Application of the multilevel compressed block decomposition to electromagnetic problems analysis based on FETD method
Authors: Ding Dazhi Z. , Niu Rongxin X. , Jiang Zhaoneng N. , Chen Rushan S. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the multilevel compressed block decomposition algorithm (MLCBD) is introduced to provide a data‐sparse way to approximate the inverse of the sparse coefficient matrix produced by the finite‐element time‐domain (FETD) method which is dense originally. Once the approximate inverse is obtained, the FETD method can be computed explicitly at each time step. The accuracy of this approximation is controllable related to the different choices of the MLCBD parameters. A modification algorithm is proposed to efficiently improve the accuracy of the approximate solution computed by the MLCBD‐based direct method. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:654–660, 2014
Design of dual‐band bandpass filter with improved upper stopband using novel stepped‐impedance resonator
Authors: Mashhadi Mostafa , Komjani Nader 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this letter, a new dual‐band bandpass filter with multispurious suppression is proposed using novel stepped‐impedance resonators (SIRs). The proposed resonator is composed of a SIR with embedded bandstop structure. A third‐order filter is designed and fabricated that shows a rejection level of 30 dB up to 20 GHz (8.33f1). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:603–606, 2014
A compact circular slot UWB antenna with multimode reconfigurable band‐notched characteristics using resonator and switch techniques
Authors: Li Yingsong , Li Wenxing , Ye Qiubo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this article, we propose a circular slot ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with multimode reconfigurable dual band‐notched characteristics. By using a two‐stage T‐shaped stepped impedance resonator (TS‐TSIR) and a parallel stubs loaded resonator (PSLR), dual band‐notched function is achieved to reject worldwide interoperability for microwave access, WLAN, and X‐band signals. The multimode reconfigurable band‐notched characteristic is realized by integrating four switches onto the TS‐TSIR and the PSLR. Simulated and measured results show that this antenna, with multimode reconfigurable characteristics and dual band‐notched function, can operate from 2.7 to 12 GHz (VSWR<2), which includes the entire UWB band. This antenna maintains omnidirectional radiation patterns that is suitable for UWB applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:570–574, 2014
A UHF band wideband HTS filter with wide upper stopband
Authors: Wang Jingchen , Bin Wei , Cao Bisong , Guo Xubo , Zhang Xiaoping , Zheng Tianning 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel six‐pole high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) UHF band filter that achieves a wide passband and a wide stopband simultaneously. This filter is designed with a new type of resonator that is composed of interdigital fingers and a vertical meander line. The center frequency of the filter is 357 MHz, and the fractional bandwidth is 28%. The measured out‐of‐band rejection is better than 55 dB up to 1438 MHz, which is four times higher than the fundamental frequency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:600–603, 2014
A cross‐stitch geometry‐based multiband fractal antenna
Authors: Dhaliwal Balwinder S. , Pattnaik Shyam S. , Boparai Jasmine 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFractal antennas have the characteristics of radiating in the multiple frequency bands due to self‐similarity property. Using the same, a new fractal patch antenna is presented in this article. The antenna is based on cross‐stitch geometry. The simulation and measured results show that the proposed antenna has multiband performance with sufficient gain and high directivity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:667–671, 2014
Design of broad‐stop band low pass filter using a novel quasi‐Yagi‐DGS‐resonators and metal box‐technique
Authors: Boutejdar Ahmed 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA novel 1.8 GHz compact microstrip low pass Filter (LPF) based on quasi‐Yagi defected ground structure (DGS) and compensated capacitors is proposed in this article. The filter has a very sharp cut‐off frequency response with low insertion loss and achieves a wide reject band with overall 20 dB attenuation from 2.8 GHz up to 10 GHz. The equivalent circuit model of Yagi‐DGS unit is derived using AWR software and the circuit parameters are extracted by using a simple circuit analysis method. The advantage of this structure is that the reject band can be controlled by tuning the dimension of yagi‐arms at higher frequency rang. To improve the filter characteristics in reject band, a new metal box has been used to minimize the loss in pass band and to extend the reject band. The proposed LPFs are designed and fabricated. The compact filter occupies an area of (0.45 λg × 0.35 λg) with λg = 44 mm. A comparison between simulation and measurement results confirms the validity of the LPF configuration and design procedure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:523–528, 2014
Barriers to recruiting ethnic minorities to mental health research: a systematic review
Authors: Brown Gillian , Marshall Max , Bower Peter , Woodham Adrine , Waheed Waquas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDisparities in the prevalence of mental illness are widely reported for people from ethnic minorities. Unlike the United States, there is no legislation for clinical research in the UK to mandate the inclusion of ethnic minorities and they are underrepresented in European trials compared with those conducted in the United States. This restricts generalization of research findings.This systematic review of the barriers to the recruitment of ethnic minority participants into psychiatric research is based on a comprehensive literature search. Nine included papers explore such barriers based on the authors’ and participants’ experiences of research. These barriers are mainly categorized as: participant related, practical issues, family/community related, health service related and research process issues.This review provides a compilation of important barriers to recruitment which can facilitate future research. The barriers that were identified are not all unique to participants from ethnic minorities, although the way in which they manifest themselves is often distinct in minority groups. It is important that these barriers are considered when designing research design so that solutions to overcome such obstacles can be incorporated in research protocols from the start and appropriate resources allocated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.