bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a small particle solid‐core packing for improved efficiency and rapid measurement of sirolimus and everolimus by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Morgan Phillip , Nwafor Magnus , Tredger Mike 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMeasurement of whole blood sirolimus and everolimus is required in order to optimize patient treatment following solid organ transplant. Assay by LC‐MS/MS is increasingly preferred; however efficient use of the instrument and short turnaround times are crucial. Use of a 1.6 µm solid‐core packing HPLC column (Cortecs) gave significant increases in efficiency, sensitivity and throughput compared with an existing method, following simple protein precipitation of small‐volume (20 μL) whole blood samples. Sirolimus, everolimus and the stable isotopic internal standard (13C2D4 – everolimus) eluted at around 0.8 min, and total analytical run time was 2.2 min, saving almost 4 min per sample compared with an existing method. Within‐assay imprecision (CV) was 3.3–8.5%, and between‐assay imprecision was 2.2–10.8%. Retrospective assay of external quality assurance samples and comparison of patient samples assayed in parallel showed only small differences (between +6.8 and −1.9%) in results using the Cortecs column when compared with the existing method. No significant interferences or ion suppression were observed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fouling Mitigation in Tubular Exchangers Using Various Projectiles: Deposit Removal Mechanisms
Authors: Abd‐Elhady Mohamed S. , Malayeri M. Reza 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFouling of different types can severely compromise the thermal efficiency of heat exchangers. The removal of CaSO4 deposits was experimentally investigated when projectiles of various types were propelled inside a heated tube. Projectiles were injected at a constant injection rate from the beginning of the fouling process until an asymptotic fouling resistance was approached. The removal rate was found to be inversely proportional to the fouling layer thickness. The removal of deposits due to exerted shear forces by projectiles decreased as the fouling layer developed due to hardening and intensification of the deposit layer. The results indicate that the asymptotic behavior is mainly due to the decrease in the deposition rate as the fouling layer hardens such that it becomes equal to the removal rate and not the other way round.
Near‐Infrared Phosphorus‐Substituted Rhodamine with Emission Wavelength above 700 nm for Bioimaging
Authors: Chai Xiaoyun , Cui Xiaoyan , Wang Baogang , Yang Fan , Cai Yi , Wu Qiuye , Wang Ting 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhosphorus has been successfully fused into a classic rhodamine framework, in which it replaces the bridging oxygen atom to give a series of phosphorus‐substituted rhodamines (PRs). Because of the electron‐accepting properties of the phosphorus moiety, which is due to effective σ*–π* interactions and strengthened by the inductivity of phosphine oxide, PR exhibits extraordinary long‐wavelength fluorescence emission, elongating to the region above 700 nm, with bathochromic shifts of 140 and 40 nm relative to rhodamine and silicon‐substituted rhodamine, respectively. Other advantageous properties of the rhodamine family, including high molar extinction coefficient, considerable quantum efficiency, high water solubility, pH‐independent emission, great tolerance to photobleaching, and low cytotoxicity, stay intact in PR. Given these excellent properties, PR is desirable for NIR‐fluorescence imaging in vivo.
Cortical control of facial expression
Authors: Müri René M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe present Review deals with the motor control of facial expressions in humans. Facial expressions are a central part of human communication. Emotional face expressions have a crucial role in human nonverbal behavior, allowing a rapid transfer of information between individuals. Facial expressions can be either voluntarily or emotionally controlled. Recent studies in nonhuman primates and humans have revealed that the motor control of facial expressions has a distributed neural representation. At least five cortical regions on the medial and lateral aspects of each hemisphere are involved: the primary motor cortex, the ventral lateral premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area on the medial wall, and the rostral and caudal cingulate cortex. The results of studies in humans and nonhuman primates suggest that the innervation of the face is bilaterally controlled for the upper part and mainly contralaterally controlled for the lower part. Furthermore, the primary motor cortex, the ventral lateral premotor cortex, and the supplementary motor area are essential for the voluntary control of facial expressions. In contrast, the cingulate cortical areas are important for emotional expression, because they receive input from different structures of the limbic system. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1578–1585, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A numerical framework to investigate hemodynamics during endovascular mechanical recanalization in acute stroke
Authors: Neidlin Michael , Büsen Martin , Brockmann Carolin , Wiesmann Martin , Sonntag Simon J. , Steinseifer Ulrich , Kaufmann Tim A S 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIschemic stroke, caused by embolism of cerebral vessels, inflicts high morbidity and mortality. Endovascular aspiration of the blood clot is an interventional technique for the recanalization of the occluded arteries. However, the hemodynamics in the Circle of Willis (CoW) are not completely understood, which results in medical misjudgment and complications during surgeries. In this study we establish a multiscale description of cerebral hemodynamics during aspiration thrombectomy. First, the CoW is modeled as a 1D pipe network on the basis of computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans. Afterwards, a vascular occlusion is placed in the middle cerebral artery and the relevant section of the CoW is transferred to a 3D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) domain. A suction catheter in different positions is included in the CFD simulations. The boundary conditions of the 3D domain are taken from the 1D domain to ensure system coupling. A Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase simulation describes the process of thrombus aspiration. The physiological blood flow in the 1D and 3D domains is validated with literature data. Further on, it is proved that domain reduction and pressure coupling at the boundaries are an appropriate method to reduce computational costs. Future work will apply the developed framework to various clinical questions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic Insights into the Elongation Reaction of Actin Filaments as a Function of Temperature, Pressure, and Macromolecular Crowding
Authors: Gao Mimi , Winter Roland 
Published: September 2015

AbstractActin polymerization is an essential process in eukaryotic cells that provides a driving force for motility and mechanical resistance for cell shape. By using preformed gelsolin–actin nuclei and applying stopped‐flow methodology, we quantitatively studied the elongation kinetics of actin filaments as a function of temperature and pressure in the presence of synthetic and protein crowding agents. We show that the association of actin monomers to the pointed end of double‐stranded helical actin filaments (F‐actin) proceeds via a transition state that requires an activation energy of 56 kJ mol−1 for conformational and hydration rearrangements, but exhibits a negligible activation volume, pointing to a compact transition state that is devoid of packing defects. Macromolecular crowding causes acceleration of the F‐actin elongation rate and counteracts the deteriorating effect of pressure. The results shed new light on the combined effect of these parameters on the polymerization process of actin, and help us understand the temperature and pressure sensitivity of actin polymerization under extreme conditions.
Shielding Upconversion by Surface Coating: A Study of the Emission Enhancement Factor
Authors: Sun Tianying , Ma Ronghua , Qiao Xvsheng , Fan Xianping , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSurface coating is a commonly used strategy to enhance upconversion emissions by shielding the luminescent core from surface quenching. In this work, we provide insights into the effect of surface coating on upconversion by investigating NaYF4:Yb/Er nanoparticles and the corresponding NaYF4:Yb/Er@NaYF4 core–shell nanoparticles, as a function of dopant concentration of Yb3+ and excitation power. We observe declining emission enhancement factors with decreasing Yb3+ concentration and increasing excitation power. Our mechanistic investigations suggest that the phenomenon originates from stepwise excitation in the upconversion process, as well as energy hopping among the Yb3+ dopants. This increased understanding of the effect of surface coating on upconversion should be important towards the rational design of lanthanide‐doped core–shell nanoparticles for various applications.
Luminescent Thin Films Composed of Nanosized Europium Coordination Polymers on Glass Electrodes
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuchika , Sugawara Takeshi , Nakanishi Takayuki , Kitagawa Yuichi , Takada Makoto , Niwa Akitsugu , Naito Hiroyoshi , Fushimi Koji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLuminescent thin films composed of thermostable lanthanide coordination polymers on glass electrodes were prepared using a novel combination of micelle reactions and electrochemical deposition techniques. The micelle‐encapsulated luminescent polymers were obtained by the polymerization of [Eu(hfa)3] (hfa=hexafluoroacetylacetonate) with bridging phosphine oxide ligands in micelles using a redox‐active ferrocenyl‐containing surfactant in water. Films were electrochemically deposited on indium tin oxide coated glass electrodes by potentiostatic polarization of micelle‐encapsulated EuIII coordination polymers. The luminescence properties of the electrochemically deposited films were characterized by measuring their emission spectra, emission lifetimes and emission quantum yields.
Ditopic Macrocyclic Receptors with a 4,7‐Diamino‐1,10‐phenanthroline Fragment for Multimodal Detection of Toxic Metal Ions
Authors: Abel Anton S. , Mitrofanov Alexander Yu. , Rousselin Yoann , Denat Franck , Bessmertnykh‐Lemeune Alla , Averin Alexei D. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA series of ditopic macrocyclic receptors with variable cavity sizes, containing nitrogen or mixed (nitrogen–oxygen) donor sites and an externally directed 1,10‐phenanthroline fragment, were prepared by means of a palladium‐catalyzed amination reaction. A ditopic mixed NO‐ligand (4 a) was coordinated to [Ru(bpy)2]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) to prepare a luminescent and chromogenic complex, [Ru(bpy)2(4 a)][PF]2, which provided the selective dual‐channel detection of CuII ions.
Highly Efficient Organocatalyzed Conversion of Oxiranes and CO2 into Organic Carbonates
Authors: Sopeña Sergio , Fiorani Giulia , Martín Carmen , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Arjan Kleij at the Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ). The image shows how naturally occurring compounds such as tannic acid can be used to devise highly efficient CO2 conversion catalysis. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201500710.
Fast‐scale stability limits of a two‐stage boost power converter
Authors: El Aroudi Abdelali , Mandal Kuntal , Giaouris Damian , Banerjee Soumitro , Abusorrah Abdullah , Al Hindawi Mohammed , Al‐Turki Yusuf 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThere are many applications in power electronics that demand high step‐up conversion ratio between the source and the load. A simple way of achieving such a high voltage ratio is by cascading DC–DC boost converters in a few stages. The individual converters in such a cascaded system are usually designed separately applying classical design criteria. This paper investigates the stability of the overall system of a cascade connection of two boost converters under current mode control. We first demonstrate the bifurcation behavior of the system, and it is shown that the desired periodic orbit can undergo fast‐scale period doubling bifurcation leading to subharmonic oscillations and chaotic regimes under parameter variation. The value of the intermediate capacitor is taken as a design parameter, and we determine the minimum ramp slope in the first stage required to maintain stability. It is shown that smaller capacitance values give rise to wider stability range. We explain the bifurcation phenomena using a full‐order model. Then, in order to simplify the analysis and to obtain a closed‐form expression to explain the previous observation, we develop a reduced‐order model by treating the second stage as a current sink. This allows us to obtain design‐oriented stability boundaries in the parameter space by taking into account slope interactions between the state variables in the two stages. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fish attraction to artificial reefs not always harmful: a simulation study
Authors: Smith James A. , Lowry Michael B. , Suthers Iain M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe debate on whether artificial reefs produce new fish or simply attract existing fish biomass continues due to the difficulty in distinguishing these processes, and there remains considerable doubt as to whether artificial reefs are a harmful form of habitat modification. The harm typically associated with attraction is that fish will be easier to harvest due to the existing biomass aggregating at a newly deployed reef. This outcome of fish attraction has not progressed past an anecdotal form, however, and is always perceived as a harmful process. We present a numerical model that simulates the effect that a redistributed fish biomass, due to an artificial reef, has on fishing catch per unit effort (CPUE). This model can be used to identify the scenarios (in terms of reef, fish, and harvest characteristics) that pose the most risk of exploitation due to fish attraction. The properties of this model were compared to the long‐standing predictions by Bohnsack (1989) on the factors that increase the risk or the harm of attraction. Simulations revealed that attraction is not always harmful because it does not always increase maximum fish density. Rather, attraction sometimes disperses existing fish biomass making them harder to catch. Some attraction can be ideal, with CPUE lowest when attraction leads to an equal distribution of biomass between natural and artificial reefs. Simulations also showed that the outcomes from attraction depend on the characteristics of the target fish species, such that transient or pelagic species are often at more risk of harmful attraction than resident species. Our findings generally agree with Bohnsack's predictions, although we recommend distinguishing “mobility” and “fidelity” when identifying species most at risk from attraction, as these traits had great influence on patterns of harvest of attracted fish biomass.
Evidence of niche shift and global invasion potential of the Tawny Crazy ant, Nylanderia fulva
Authors: Kumar Sunil , LeBrun Edward G. , Stohlgren Thomas J. , Stabach Jared A. , McDonald Danny L. , Oi David H. , LaPolla John S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAnalysis of an invasive species' niche shift between native and introduced ranges, along with potential distribution maps, can provide valuable information about its invasive potential. The tawny crazy ant, Nylanderia fulva, is a rapidly emerging and economically important invasive species in the southern United States. It is originally from east‐central South America and has also invaded Colombia and the Caribbean Islands. Our objectives were to generate a global potential distribution map for N. fulva, identify important climatic drivers associated with its current distribution, and test whether N. fulva's realized climatic niche has shifted across its invasive range. We used MaxEnt niche model to map the potential distribution of N. fulva using its native and invaded range occurrences and climatic variables. We used principal component analysis methods for investigating potential shifts in the realized climatic niche of N. fulva during invasion. We found strong evidence for a shift in the realized climatic niche of N. fulva across its invasive range. Our models predicted potentially suitable habitat for N. fulva in the United States and other parts of the world. Our analyses suggest that the majority of observed occurrences of N. fulva in the United States represent stabilizing populations. Mean diurnal range in temperature, degree days at ≥10°C, and precipitation of driest quarter were the most important variables associated with N. fulva distribution. The climatic niche expansion demonstrated in our study may suggest significant plasticity in the ability of N. fulva to survive in areas with diverse temperature ranges shown by its tolerance for environmental conditions in the southern United States, Caribbean Islands, and Colombia. The risk maps produced in this study can be useful in preventing N. fulva's future spread, and in managing and monitoring currently infested areas.
Prognostic implication of right ventricular involvement in peripartum cardiomyopathy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study
Authors: Haghikia Arash , Röntgen Philipp , Vogel‐Claussen Jens , Schwab Johannes , Westenfeld Ralf , Ehlermann Philipp , Berliner Dominik , Podewski Edith , Hilfiker‐Kleiner Denise , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsPeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a major cause of acute heart failure in the peripartum period and considered potentially life threatening. While many aspects of its clinical profiles have been frequently reported, functional analysis, in particular of the right ventricle, and tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging have been only sporadically described. The aim of the present study was to analyse pathological alterations and their prognostic relevance found in CMR imaging of patients newly diagnosed with PPCM.Methods and resultsIn this multicenter study 34 patients with confirmed PPCM underwent CMR imaging at the time of diagnosis and at 5 ± 1 months follow‐up. Cine imaging of PPCM patients showed moderate to severe reduction of systolic left ventricular (LV) function (mean LVEF: 29.7 ± 12.8%). In 35% of the patients right ventricular (RV) systolic function was also reduced with a mean RVEF of 42.9 ± 13.9%. Dilatation of the LV was observed in 91% (mean LV‐EDV/BSA 128.5 ± 32.1 mL/m2), and dilatation of the RV was present in 24% (mean RV‐EDV/BSA 87.4 ± 18.5 mL/m2) of the patients. Focal non‐ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was visible in 71%, and regional wall motion abnormalities were evident in 88% of the patients. LGE and wall motion abnormalities were predominantly located in the anteroseptal and basal to midventricular segments. RV dysfunction at baseline was associated with reduced probability of full cardiac recovery at 5 ± 1 months follow‐up.ConclusionsBesides LV systolic dysfunction, RV dysfunction and dilatation are observed in about one third of PPCM patients at the time of diagnosis. RV dysfunction is associated with unfavourable outcome. A distinct pattern of LV wall motion abnormalities and myocardial scar is evident in most PPCM patients. The present study may help to establish a set of CMR criteria suitable for diagnosis in patients with suspected PPCM and may add further knowledge to the pathology of the disease.
Clinical presentation and outcome by age categories in acute heart failure: results from an international observational cohort
Authors: Teixeira Antonio , Parenica Jiri , Park Jin Joo , Ishihara Shiro , AlHabib Khalid F. , Laribi Said , Maggioni Aldo , Miró Òscar , Sato Naoki , Kajimoto Katsuya , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Fairman Enrique , Lassus Johan , Mueller Christian , Peacock William F. , Januzzi James L. , Choi Dong‐Ju , Plaisance Patrick , Spinar Jindrich , Mebazaa Alexandre , Gayat Etienne ,   on behalf of the GREAT (Global Research on Acute Conditions Team) Network
Published: September 2015

AimsTo assess, according to age groups, patients' characteristics according to region of origin, the chronic therapeutic management, prognostic utility of clinical variables, and natriuretic peptides.Methods and resultsThe GREAT registry consisted of patients identified as presenting with acute heart failure at the emergency department. Four groups of patients were defined according to age: the young patient group (<65 years); ‘middle‐old’ (65–74 years), ‘old‐old’ (75–84 years) and the ‘oldest‐old’ (85–94 years). Follow‐up at 1 year was performed via personal contact or national data registries at 1 year. Dataset consisted of 14 758 patients aged up to 95 years, with the ‘oldest‐old’ group being more prevalent in North America and Western Europe. The 30‐day mortality rate were, respectively, 8.1%, 8.9%, 10.3%, and 16.3% among the four age groups and 1‐year mortality rates were, respectively, 3.1%, 17.1%, 24.7%, and 39.9%. Chronic heart failure treatment was less frequently administered with age (percentage of the ‘fully treated’ group was 14% in the ‘young’ compared with 2% in the ‘oldest‐old’ patient group). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was present in 70%, 62.3%, 52.5%, and 46.8% among the four age groups, respectively. The prognostic utility of most variables for short‐ and long‐term outcome was attenuated with age, with the exception of natriuretic peptides.ConclusionThis study found a large heterogeneity in age among geographic regions and that the eldest are less likely to be treated in accordance with recommendations of current heart failure guidelines. Natriuretic peptide concentrations retained prognostic value in patients across age strata.
Crystal and Magnetic Structure of Sr2BIrO6 (B = Sc, Ti, Fe, Co, In) in the Framework of Multivalent Iridium Double Perovskites
Authors: Kayser Paula , Alonso Jose A. , Mompeán Federico J. , Retuerto Maria , Croft Mark , Ignatov Alexander , Fernández‐Díaz Maria T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe preparation, crystal structure and magnetic properties of Sr2BIrO6 (B = In, Sc, Fe, Co or Ti) oxides are reported. For B = Sc, Fe, Co or In materials, X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) studies confirm the presence of 1:1 B‐ordered perovskite‐like structures crystallizing in the monoclinic I2/m and P21/n space groups, with unit‐cell parameters a ≈ √2a0, b ≈ √2a0, c ≈ 2a0 and β ≈ 90°. Sr2TiIrO6 is described as a disordered perovskite with orthorhombic symmetry in the Pbnm space group. For B = Fe and Co, low‐temperature NPD data and magnetic measurements indicate the existence of an antiferromagnetic structure resulting from the Fe3+/Co3+ magnetic moment interaction. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy corroborates that the oxidation states of B and Ir are 3+ and 5+, respectively. The bond lengths and other structural features are discussed in the framework of other recently reported iridium double perovskites where iridium adopts tetravalent, pentavalent and hexavalent oxidation states, and in the wider context of Sr double perovskites.