bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sperm and seminal fluid proteomes of the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus: identification of novel proteins transferred to females at mating
Authors: Simmons L. W. , Tan Y.‐F. , Millar A. H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractReproductive proteins are amongst the most evolutionarily divergent proteins known, and research on genetically well‐characterized species suggests that postcopulatory sexual selection might be important in their evolution; however, we lack the taxonomic breadth of information on reproductive proteins that is required to determine the general importance of sexual selection for their evolution. We used transcriptome sequencing and proteomics to characterize the sperm and seminal fluid proteins of a cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, that has been widely used in the study of postcopulatory sexual selection. We identified 57 proteins from the sperm of these crickets. Many of these had predicted function in glycolysis and metabolism, or were structural, and had sequence similarity to sperm proteins found across taxa ranging from flies to humans. We identified 21 seminal fluid proteins, some of which resemble those found to be involved in postmating changes to female reproduction in other species. Some 27% of sperm proteins and 48% of seminal fluid proteins were of unknown function. The characterization of seminal fluid proteins in this species will allow us to explore their adaptive significance, and to contribute comparative data that will facilitate a general appreciation of the evolution of reproductive proteins within and among animal taxa.
Incidence of influenza‐associated mortality and hospitalizations in Argentina during 2002–2009
Authors: Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Cabrera Ana María , Cheng Po‐Yung , Garcia Enio , Kusznierz Gabriela , Calli Rogelio , Baez Clarisa , Buyayisqui María Pía , Poyard Eleonora , Pérez Emanuel , Basurto‐Davila Ricardo , Palekar Rakhee , Oliva Otavio , Alencar Airlane Pereira , de Souza Regilo , dos Santos Thais , Shay David K. , Widdowson Marc‐Alain , Breese Joseph , Echenique Horacio 
Published: December 2012

Please cite this paper as: Azziz‐Baumgartner et al. (2012) Incidence of influenza‐associated mortality and hospitalizations in Argentina during 2002–2009. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12022.Background  We estimated rates of influenza‐associated deaths and hospitalizations in Argentina, a country that recommends annual influenza vaccination for persons at high risk of complications from influenza illness.Methods  We identified hospitalized persons and deaths in persons diagnosed with pneumonia and influenza (P&I, ICD‐10 codes J10‐J18) and respiratory and circulatory illness (R&C, codes I00‐I99 and J00‐J99). We defined the influenza season as the months when the proportion of samples that tested positive for influenza exceeded the annual median. We used hospitalizations and deaths during the influenza off‐season to estimate, using linear regression, the number of excess deaths that occurred during the influenza season. To explore whether excess mortality varied by sex and whether people were age <65 or ≥65 years, we used Poisson regression of the influenza‐associated rates.Results  During 2002–2009, 2411 P&I and 8527 R&C mean excess deaths occurred annually from May to October. If all of these excess deaths were associated with influenza, the influenza‐associated mortality rate was 6/100 000 person‐years (95% CI 4–8/100 000 person‐years for P&I and 21/100 000 person‐years (95% CI 12–31/100 000 person‐years) for R&C. During 2005–2008, we identified an average of 7868 P&I excess hospitalizations and 22 994 R&C hospitalizations per year, resulting in an influenza‐associated hospitalization rate of 2/10 000 person‐years (95% CI 1–3/10 000 person‐years) for P&I and 6/10 000 person‐years (95% CI 3–8/10 000 person‐years) for R&C.Conclusion  Our findings suggest that annual rates of influenza‐associated hospitalizations and death in Argentina were substantial and similar to neighboring Brazil.
Retrospective serological survey of influenza viruses in backyard pigs from Mexico City
Authors: Saavedra‐Montañez Manuel , Carrera‐Aguirre Víctor , Castillo‐Juárez Héctor , Rivera‐Benitez Francisco , Rosas‐Estrada Karina , Pulido‐Camarillo Evelyn , Mercado‐García Carmen , Carreón‐Nápoles Rosalba , Haro‐Tirado Mario , Rosete Dora P. , Cabello Carlos , Manjarrez María E. , Sánchez‐Betancourt Iván , Ramírez‐Mendoza Humberto 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundIn the present study, we analyzed the presence of antibodies to four different influenza viruses (pH1N1, hH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2) in the sera of 2094 backyard pigs from Mexico City. The sera were obtained between 2000 and 2009.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the 2000–2009 period to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against pH1N1, hH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2 viruses in sera obtained from backyard pigs in Mexico City.MethodsAntibody detection was conducted with hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI) using four influenza viruses. We used linear regression to analyze the tendency of antibody serum titers throughout the aforementioned span.ResultsWe observed that the antibody titers for the pH1N1, swH1N1, and swH3N2 viruses tended to diminish over the study period, whereas the antibodies to hH1N1 remained at low prevalence for the duration of the years analyzed in this study. A non‐significant correlation (P > 0·05) between antibody titers for pH1N1 and swH1N1 viruses was observed (0·04). It contrasts with the significance of the correlation (0·43) observed between the swH1N1 and swH3N2 viruses (P < 0·01).ConclusionsOur findings showed no cross‐antigenicity in the antibody response against the same subtype. Antibodies against pH1N1 virus were observed throughout the 10‐year study span, implying that annual strains shared some common features with the pH1N1 virus since 2000, which would then be capable of supporting the ongoing presence of these antibodies.
Geological events play a larger role than Pleistocene climatic fluctuations in driving the genetic structure of Quasipaa boulengeri (Anura: Dicroglossidae)
Authors: Yan Fang , Zhou Weiwei , Zhao Haitao , Yuan Zhiyong , Wang Yunyu , Jiang Ke , Jin Jieqiong , Murphy Robert W. , Che Jing , Zhang Yaping 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPaleoclimatic and paleogeological events have been identified as being the two main drivers of genetic structuring in extant organisms. We used a montane stream‐dwelling frog, Quasipaa boulengeri, to explore the relative roles played by these drivers on species in southern China, a region needing thorough studies. We detected four major matrilines, and no broadly distributed haplotypes occurred. The complex orogenesis of south‐western China drove matrilineal divergence in Q. boulengeri into highly structured geographical units. These matrilines subsequently persisted in situ with stable populations rather than undergoing expansions during glacial cycling. The unification of the upper and middle Yangtze River in the Three Gorges mountain region mediated downstream colonization of this frog. Analyses identified geological events as playing a larger role than climatic fluctuations in driving the population history of Q. boulengeri. Nuclear allele analyses indicated gene flow; this maintained genetic cohesion of the species. South‐eastern Sichuan Basin was identified as the area of secondary contact for several matrilines, and this area deserves further study and special protection.
Qualitative studies among obese children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Lachal J. , Orri M. , Speranza M. , Falissard B. , Lefevre H. ,   QUALIGRAMH, Moro M.‐R. , Revah‐Levy A. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryChildhood obesity is a complex condition involving medical, social, moral and cultural issues. Qualitative approaches are of great value in understanding this complexity. This meta‐synthesis of 45 qualitative studies deals specifically with the issue of obesity in children and adolescents from different perspectives – those of obese children and adolescents, of parents, and of health professionals providing support to the family. Our aim was to obtain a coherent view of child and adolescent obesity, focused on clinical and personal experience. The themes derived from the synthesis process fall under three main axes: ‘Seeing others, seeing oneself’, ‘Understanding others, understanding oneself’, and ‘Treating others, treating oneself’. It emerges that participants in all three groups had equal difficulty in perceiving and labelling obesity, mainly because of their lack of any real common ground. The insufficiency of shared representations destabilizes the therapeutic relationship and its construction: an important issue in the doctor–child–parent relationship in this context is the need to exchange their viewpoints of obesity. Health workers may also expand their understanding of obesity by incorporating the personal experiences of obese children and their parents in order to match treatment plans to their needs and expectations.
Evidence of mutualism between two periodontal pathogens: co‐operative haem acquisition by the HmuY haemophore of Porphyromonas gingivalis and the cysteine protease interpain A (InpA) of Prevotella intermedia
Authors: Byrne D.P. , Potempa J. , Olczak T. , Smalley J. W. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryHaem (iron protoporphyrin IX) is both an essential growth factor and a virulence regulator of the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, which acquire it through the proteolytic degradation of haemoglobin and other haem‐carrying plasma proteins. The haem‐binding lipoprotein HmuY haemophore and the gingipain proteases of P. gingivalis form a unique synthrophic system responsible for capture of haem from haemoglobin and methaemalbumin. In this system, methaemoglobin is formed from oxyhaemoglobin by the activities of gingipain proteases and serves as a facile substrate from which HmuY can capture haem. This study examined the possibility of cooperation between HmuY and the cysteine protease interpain A (InpA) of Pr. intermedia in the haem acquisition process. Using UV‐visible spectroscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, HmuY was demonstrated to be resistant to proteolysis and so able to cooperate with InpA to extract haem from haemoglobin, which was proteolytically converted to methaemoglobin by the protease. Spectroscopic pH titrations showed that both the iron(II) and iron(III) protoporphyrin IX–HmuY complexes were stable over the pH range 4–10, demonstrating that the haemophore could function over a range of pH that may be encountered in the dental plaque biofilm. This is the first demonstration of a bacterial haemophore working in conjunction with a protease from another bacterial species to acquire haem from haemoglobin and may represent mutualism between P. gingivalis and Pr. intermedia co‐inhabiting the periodontal pocket.
Financial burden of health care for HIV/AIDS patients in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Bach X. , Duong Anh T. , Nguyen Long T. , Hwang Jongnam , Nguyen Binh T. , Nguyen Quynh T. , Nong Vuong M. , Vu Phu X. , Ohinmaa Arto 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the out‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments for health‐care services of HIV/AIDS patients, and identify associated factors in Vietnam.MethodsCross‐sectional multisite survey of 1016 HIV/AIDS patients attending 7 hospitals and health centres in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City in 2012.ResultsHIV/AIDS patients used inpatient and outpatient care on average 5.1 times (95% CI = 4.7–5.4) besides ART services. Inpatient care cost US$ 461 on average and outpatient care US$ 50. Mean annual health‐care expenditure for HIV/AIDS patients was US$ 188 (95% CI = 148–229). 35.1% of households (95% CI = 32.2–38.1) experienced catastrophic health expenditure; 73.3% (95% CI = 70.6–76.1) of households would be affected if ART were not subsidised. Being a patient at a provincial clinic, male sex, unstable employment, being in the poorest income quintile, a CD4 count of <200 cells/mL and not yet receiving ART increased the likelihood of catastrophic medical expense.ConclusionsHIV/AIDS patients in Vietnam frequently use medical services and incur OOP payments for health care. Scaling up free‐of‐charge ART services, earlier access to and initiation of ART, and decentralisation and integration of HIV/AIDS‐related services could reduce their financial burden.
Signet-ring cell carcinoma in gastric biopsies: expecting the unexpected
Authors: Golembeski Christopher P , Genta Robert Maximilian 
Published: December 2012

AimsThis study was designed to establish the relative prevalence of intestinal-type and signet-ring carcinoma in gastric biopsy specimens from ambulatory patients, to determine the percentage of signet-ring carcinomas that could be expected based on the available clinical and endoscopic information, and to estimate the likelihood of missing a tumour.MethodsWe extracted data of all patients with a diagnosis of primary gastric carcinoma from a national pathology database. We then reviewed clinical information and original slides, classified tumours as intestinal or signet-ring-type, and categorised the latter as ‘unexpected’ (no alarming symptoms, no mention of suspicious lesions) or ‘expected’ (clinical or endoscopic information suggestive of tumour). Unexpected signet-ring carcinomas were categorised as ‘obvious’ or ‘challenging’ (rare signet-ring cells; immunohistochemical stains used to confirm the nature of the infiltrates).ResultsThere were 310 109 patients with gastric biopsies; 615 patients had primary gastric carcinoma (359 intestinal and 256 signet-ring-type). Gastric cancer was more common in men (OR 2.54; 95% CI 2.05 to 3.14; p<.0001) for intestinal-type and (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.48 to 2.42; p<0.0001) for signet-ring cell type). Intestinal-type carcinoma occurred in older patients than signet-ring-type (median age 74 vs 65 years, p<0.001). There were 196 expected and 60 unexpected signet-ring carcinomas; 47 of the 60 unexpected cases were histopathologically obvious. Thus, only 13 signet-ring carcinomas (1 in 25 000 gastric biopsy sets) were truly unexpected.ConclusionsSignet-ring carcinoma is a rare finding in gastric biopsy specimens from ambulatory patients; routine due diligence and the clinical/endoscopic information provided are usually adequate to raise pathologists’ index of suspicion.
WAN-optimized replication of backup datasets using stream-informed delta compression
Authors: Shilane Phlip , Huang Mark , Wallace Grant , Hsu Windsor 
Published: December 2012

Replicating data off site is critical for disaster recovery reasons, but the current approach of transferring tapes is cumbersome and error prone. Replicating across a wide area network (WAN) is a promising alternative, but fast network connections are expensive or impractical in many remote locations, so improved compression is needed to make WAN replication truly practical. We present a new technique for replicating backup datasets across a WAN that not only eliminates duplicate regions of files (deduplication) but also compresses similar regions of files with delta compression, which is available as a feature of EMC Data Domain systems.
Our main contribution is an architecture that adds stream-informed delta compression to already existing deduplication systems and eliminates the need for new, persistent indexes. Unlike techniques based on knowing a file's version or that use a memory cache, our approach achieves delta compression across all data replicated to a server at any time in the past. From a detailed analysis of datasets and statistics from hundreds of customers using our product, we achieve an additional 2X compression from delta compression beyond deduplication and local compression, which enables customers to replicate data that would otherwise fail to complete within their backup window.
Difluoromethylornithine: The Proof Is in the Polyamines
Authors: Jeter Joanne M. , Alberts David S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this issue (beginning on page 1368), Kreul and colleagues report a retrospective review of long-term efficacy and toxicity for subjects participating in a phase III study of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) for prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). They conclude that those treated with DFMO had a nonsignificant, persistent decrease in NMSC after completion of treatment and that treatment with DFMO did not result in late toxicity after the discontinuation of treatment. We review the data on DFMO as a chemopreventive agent for skin and other cancers, discuss the necessary qualities of a cancer chemopreventive agent, and reflect on the requirements for a well-conducted cancer chemoprevention study, including the rationale for long-term follow-up in cancer prevention studies. Cancer Prev Res; 5(12); 1341–4. ©2012 AACR.
Drug Resistance and Pseudoresistance
Authors: Grosser Tilo , Fries Susanne , Lawson John A. , Kapoor Shiv C. , Grant Gregory R. , FitzGerald Garret A. 
Published: December 2012

Background—
Low dose aspirin reduces the secondary incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. Drug resistance to aspirin might result in treatment failure. Despite this concern, no clear definition of aspirin resistance has emerged, and estimates of its incidence have varied remarkably. We aimed to determine the commonality of a mechanistically consistent, stable, and specific phenotype of true pharmacological resistance to aspirin—such as might be explained by genetic causes.

Methods and Results—
Healthy volunteers (n=400) were screened for their response to a single oral dose of 325-mg immediate release or enteric coated aspirin. Response parameters reflected the activity of the molecular target of aspirin, cyclooxygenase-1. Individuals who appeared aspirin resistant on 1 occasion underwent repeat testing, and if still resistant were exposed to low-dose enteric coated aspirin (81 mg) and clopidogrel (75 mg) for 1 week each. Variable absorption caused a high frequency of apparent resistance to a single dose of 325-mg enteric coated aspirin (up to 49%) but not to immediate release aspirin (0%). All individuals responded to aspirin on repeated exposure, extension of the postdosing interval, or addition of aspirin to their platelets ex vivo.

Conclusions—
Pharmacological resistance to aspirin is rare; this study failed to identify a single case of true drug resistance. Pseudoresistance, reflecting delayed and reduced drug absorption, complicates enteric coated but not immediate release aspirin administration.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00948987.
Detecting Signals from Data with Noise: Theory and Applications
Authors: Chen Xianyao , Wang Meng , Zhang Yuanling , Feng Ying , Wu Zhaohua , Huang Norden E. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Signal detection from noisy data by rejecting a noise null hypothesis depends critically on a priori assumptions regarding the background noise and the associated statistical methods. Rejecting one kind of noise null hypothesis cannot rule out the possibility that the detected oscillations are generated from the stochastic processes of another kind. This calls for an adaptive null hypothesis based on general characteristics of the noise that is present. In this paper, a new method is developed for identifying signals from data based on the finding that true physical signals in a well-sampled time series cannot be destroyed or eliminated by resampling the time series with fractional sampling rates through linear interpolation. Therefore, the significance of signals could be tested by checking whether the signals persist in the true time–frequency spectral representation during resampling. This hypothesis is based on the general characteristics of noise as revealed by empirical mode decomposition, an adaptive data analysis method without linear or stationary assumptions, and without any predefinition of the background noise. Applications of this method to synthetic time series, solar spot number, and sea surface temperature time series illustrate its power in identifying characteristics of background noise without any a priori knowledge.
Estimates of Cabbeling in the Global Ocean
Authors: Schanze Julian J. , Schmitt Raymond W. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Owing to the larger thermal expansion coefficient at higher temperatures, more buoyancy is put into the ocean by heating than is removed by cooling at low temperatures. The authors show that, even with globally balanced thermal and haline surface forcing at the ocean surface, there is a negative density flux and hence a positive buoyancy flux. As shown by McDougall and Garrett, this must be compensated by interior densification on mixing due to the nonlinearity of the equation of state (cabbeling). Three issues that arise from this are addressed: the estimation of the annual input of density forcing, the effects of the seasonal cycle, and the total cabbeling potential of the ocean upon complete mixing. The annual expansion through surface density forcing in a steady-state ocean driven by balanced evaporation–precipitation–runoff (E–P–R) and net radiative budget at the surface Qnet is estimated as 74 000 m3 s−1 (0.07 Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), which would be equivalent to a sea level rise of 6.3 mm yr−1. This is equivalent to approximately 3 times the estimated rate of sea level rise or 450% of the average Mississippi River discharge. When seasonal variations are included, this density forcing increases by 35% relative to the time-mean case to 101 000 m3 s−1 (0.1 Sv). Likely bounds are established on these numbers by using different Qnet and E–P–R datasets and the estimates are found to be robust to a factor of ~2. These values compare well with the cabbeling-induced contraction inferred from independent thermal dissipation rate estimates. The potential sea level decrease upon complete vertical mixing of the ocean is estimated as 230 mm. When horizontal mixing is included, the sea level drop is estimated as 300 mm.
Biomechanical Analysis of a Double-Loaded Glenoid Anchor Configuration
Authors: Kamath Ganesh V. , Hoover Stephen , Creighton R. Alexander , Weinhold Paul , Barrow Aaron , Spang Jeffrey T. 
Published: December 2012

Background: Bankart repair with multiple anchor holes concentrated in the anterior-inferior glenoid may contribute to glenoid weakening and potentially may induce glenoid failure. Purpose: To compare the biomechanical strength of a Bankart repair construct that used 3 single-loaded suture anchors versus a repair construct that used 2 double-loaded suture anchors. Study Design: Comparative laboratory study. Methods: A standard Bankart lesion was created in 18 human cadaveric shoulders (9 matched pairs). Within each matched pair, 1 repair construct used 3 single-loaded anchors, whereas the other used 2 double-loaded suture anchors. Measured outcomes (load, stiffness, and energy absorbed) were recorded at failure and at 2 mm of labral displacement. Constructs were loaded to failure with a materials testing device that had differential variable reluctance transducers for displacement measurements. Results: The double-loaded anchor construct had a significantly higher ultimate tensile load (944 ± 231 vs 784 ± 287 N; P = .03). For the other measures (load at 2 mm of displacement, energy absorbed at failure and at 2 mm of displacement and stiffness), there were no significant differences between tested constructs. Conclusion: A Bankart repair construct that used 2 double-loaded anchors was either superior to or equal to a repair construct that used 3 single-loaded anchors in all measured outcomes. Clinical Relevance: Using 2 double-loaded suture anchors for a Bankart repair may limit anchor holes in the glenoid and reduce the risk of postsurgical glenoid fracture while providing a stable repair construct.