bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Analysis of Attitudes Toward Wolves
Authors: TREVES ADRIAN , NAUGHTON‐TREVES LISA , SHELLEY VICTORIA 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUnderstanding individual attitudes and how these predict overt opposition to predator conservation or direct, covert action against predators will help to recover and maintain them. Studies of attitudes toward wild animals rely primarily on samples of individuals at a single time point. We examined longitudinal change in individuals’ attitudes toward gray wolves (Canis lupus). In the contiguous United States, amidst persistent controversy and opposition, abundances of gray wolves are at their highest in 60 years. We used mailed surveys to sample 1892 residents of Wisconsin in 2001 or 2004 and then resampled 656 of these individuals who resided in wolf range in 2009. Our study spanned a period of policy shifts and increasing wolf abundance. Over time, the 656 respondents increased agreement with statements reflecting fear of wolves, the belief that wolves compete with hunters for deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and inclination to poach a wolf. Endorsement of lethal control of wolves by the state and public hunting of wolves also increased. Neither the time span over which respondents reported exposure to wolves locally nor self‐reported losses of domestic animals to wolves correlated with changes in attitude. We predict future increases in legal and illegal killing of wolves that may reduce their abundance in Wisconsin unless interventions are implemented to improve attitudes and behavior toward wolves. To assess whether interventions change attitudes, longitudinal studies like ours are needed.Análisis Longitudinal de las Actitudes Hacia Lobos
The Effect of Scene Variation on the Redundant Use of Color in Definite Reference
Authors: Koolen Ruud , Goudbeek Martijn , Krahmer Emiel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study investigates to what extent the amount of variation in a visual scene causes speakers to mention the attribute color in their definite target descriptions, focusing on scenes in which this attribute is not needed for identification of the target. The results of our three experiments show that speakers are more likely to redundantly include a color attribute when the scene variation is high as compared with when this variation is low (even if this leads to overspecified descriptions). We argue that these findings are problematic for existing algorithms that aim to automatically generate psychologically realistic target descriptions, such as the Incremental Algorithm, as these algorithms make use of a fixed preference order per domain and do not take visual scene variation into account.
Young Children's Trust in Overtly Misleading Advice
Authors: Heyman Gail D. , Sritanyaratana Lalida , Vanderbilt Kimberly E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe ability of 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children to disregard advice from an overtly misleading informant was investigated across five studies (total n = 212). Previous studies have documented limitations in young children's ability to reject misleading advice. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that these limitations are primarily due to an inability to reject specific directions that are provided by others, rather than an inability to respond in a way that is opposite to what has been indicated by a cue. In Studies 1 through 4, a puppet identified as The Big Bad Wolf offered advice to participants about which of two boxes contained a hidden sticker. Regardless of the form the advice took, 3‐year olds performed poorly by failing to systematically reject it. However, when participants in Study 5 believed they were responding to a mechanical cue rather than the advice of the Wolf, they were better able to reject misleading advice, and individual differences in performance on the primary task were systematically correlated with measures of executive function. Results are interpreted as providing support for the communicative intent hypothesis, which posits that children find it especially difficult to reject deceptive information that they perceive as being intentionally communicated by others.
In silico analysis of molecular mechanisms of legume lectin‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells
Authors: Shi Z. , An N. , Zhao S. , Li X. , Bao J. K. , Yue B. S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe legume lectin family, one of the most extensively studied plant lectin families, has received increasing attention for the remarkable anti‐tumor activities of its members for binding specific cancer cell surface glycoconjugates. MicroRNAs, a class of small, non‐coding RNAs, control translation and stability of mRNAs at post‐transcriptional and translational levels. To date, accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNAs are involved in progression of a number of human diseases, especially cancers. However, the molecular manners of microRNA‐modulated apoptosis in legume lectin‐treated cancer cells are still under investigation.Materials and methodsWe performed in silico analyses to study the interactions between three typical legume lectins (ConA, SFL and SAL) and some specific sugar‐containing receptors (for example, EGFR, TNFR1, HSP70 and HSP90). Additionally, we predicted some relevant microRNAs which could significantly regulate these aforementioned targetreceptors and thus inhibiting down‐stream cancer‐related signaling pathways.ResultsThe results showed that these three legume lectins could competitively bind sugar‐containing receptors such as EGFR, TNFR1, HSP70 and HSP90 in two ways, via anti‐apoptotic or survival pathways. On the one hand, the legume lectins could induce cancer cell death through triggering receptor‐mediated signaling pathways, which resulted from indirect binding between legume lectins and mannoses resided in receptors. On the other hand, direct binding between legume lectins and receptors could lead to steric hindrance, which would disturb efficient interactions between them, and thus, the legume lectins would induce cancer cell death by triggering receptor‐mediated signaling pathways. In addition, we identified several relevant microRNAs that regulated these targeted receptors, thereby ultimately causing cancer cell apoptosis.ConclusionsThese findings provide new perspectives for exploring microRNA‐modulated cell death in legume lectin‐treated cancer cells, which could be utilized in combination therapy for future cancer drug development.
Complications from submental endotracheal intubation: a prospective study and literature review
Authors: de Toledo Guilherme Lacerda , Bueno Sebastião Cristian , Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Amaral Márcio Bruno Figueiredo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSubmental endotracheal intubation, as compared to the use of tracheotomy, is an alternative for the surgical management of maxillofacial trauma, as described by Altemir FH (The submental route for endotracheal intubation: a new technique. J Maxillofac Surg 1986; 14: 64). Although the submental endotracheal intubation is a useful technique, a wide range of complications have been reported in the literature. The core aim of this article is to present additional data from 17 patients who have undergone submental endotracheal intubation and who have received at least 6 months of postoperative follow up. A prospective study was carried out on patients who suffered maxillofacial trauma between 2008 and 2011. Age, gender, etiology of trauma, fracture type, complications, and follow up were evaluated. Case series, as well as retrospective and prospective studies regarding submental endotracheal intubation in maxillofacial trauma, were also reviewed. This study demonstrated a low rate of complications in submental endotracheal intubation and no increase in operative time within the evaluated sample. The submental endotracheal intubation may be considered a simple, secure, and effective technique for operative airway control in major maxillofacial traumas.
Can anthocyanins improve maintenance therapy of Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
Authors: Köchling Joachim , Schmidt Manuel , Rott Yvonne , Sagner Michael , Ungefroren Hendrik , Wittig Burghard , Henze Günter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors provide high remission rates. However, prognosis of adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph+ ALL) still remains poor. Because most adults eventually relapse without allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which is not available for all patients, novel strategies are required for relapse prevention. As the integrity of the immune system is essential for the control of remaining leukaemia cells, we compared the efficacy of anthocyanins, imatinib and a DNA‐based vaccine as non‐immunosuppressant components with 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) to control minimal residual disease in vitro and in vivo using different leukaemia cell lines and syngeneic mice. Proliferation of Ph+ ALL was significantly better inhibited by anthocyanin‐rich berry extract or imatinib compared with 6‐MP. Although anthocyanins induced apoptosis in some leukaemia cell lines, the level of caspase‐3, caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 was significantly lower compared with imatinib and 6‐MP. When used as single components, anthocyanins and imatinib mesylate failed to eradicate pre‐existing Ph+ ALL in syngeneic mice, while 6‐MP led to 10% and DNA vaccination to 56% survival. Intriguingly, only the combination of DNA vaccination with berry extract but not with the isolated anthocyanin, cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside or imatinib further increased leukaemia‐free and overall survival, and 90% of lethally challenged mice survived. We suggest that induction and enhancement of a leukaemia‐specific immunity by DNA vaccination and anthocyanin‐rich berry extract can also decrease the relapse rate in patients with Ph+ ALL. Furthermore, this approach may serve as strategy for maintenance therapy of other malignancies.
Seasonal female brain plasticity in processing social vs. sexual vocal signals
Authors: Cousillas Hugo , George Isabelle , Alcaix Sandrine , Henry Laurence , Richard Jean‐Pierre , Hausberger Martine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhile cerebral plasticity has been extensively studied and demonstrated – during ontogenetic development, few studies have considered adult plasticity in different social contexts using relevant social communication signals. Communication requires adaptability throughout the life of an individual, especially in species for which breeding periods (when intersexual signaling prevails) are interspersed with more ‘social’ (non‐sexual) periods when intrasexual bonding prevails. In songbirds, structure or frequency of songs or song elements may convey different information depending on the season. This is the case in the European starling, where some song structures characterize social bonds between females while other song structures are more characteristic of male courtship. We hypothesized that the female perceptual system may have adapted to these changes in song structure and function according to season, and we tested for potential seasonal brain plasticity. Electrophysiological recordings from adult female starlings during playback of song elements with different functions showed clear seasonal (breeding/non‐breeding) changes in neuronal responses in the primary auditory area. The proportion of responsive sites was higher in response to social (non‐sexual) songs during the non‐reproductive season, and higher in response to sexual songs during the reproductive season.
Density and genetic relatedness increase dispersal distance in a subsocial organism
Authors: Bitume E. V. , Bonte D. , Ronce O. , Bach F. , Flaven E. , Olivieri I. , Nieberding C. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlthough dispersal distance plays a major role in determining whether organisms will reach new habitats, empirical data on the environmental factors that affect dispersal distance are lacking. Population density and kin competition are two factors theorised to increase dispersal distance. Using the two‐spotted spider mite as a model species, we altered these two environmental conditions and measured the mean dispersal distance of individuals, as well as other attributes of the dispersal kernel. We find that both density and relatedness in the release patch increase dispersal distance. Relatedness, but not density, changes the shape of the dispersal kernel towards a more skewed and leptokurtic shape including a longer ‘fat‐tail’. This is the first experimental demonstration that kin competition can shape the whole distribution of dispersal distances in a population, and thus affect the geographical spread of dispersal phenotypes.
The evoked potentials score improves the identification of benign MS without cognitive impairment
Authors: Margaritella N. , Mendozzi L. , Tronci F. , Colicino E. , Garegnani M. , Nemni R. , Gilardi E. , Pugnetti L. 
Published: January 2013

Background and purposeThe presence of cognitive impairments (CI) among Benign MS (BMS) patients has challenged actual BMS criteria. We hypothesized that a low evoked potentials score (EP‐score) at first neurological evaluation would help identify BMS patients without CI.MethodsThe EP‐score was retrospectively computed in 29 putative BMS patients who were then tested for CI during 2012. The difference in the prevalence of CI between low EP‐score patients and the recent literature was assessed using resampling methods.ResultsAmong 23 low EP‐score patients, only 3 (13%) had CI. This percentage was significantly reduced (P‐values 0.05–0.005) compared to recent literature (39–46%).ConclusionWe conclude that a low EP‐score at first neurological evaluation successfully helps to identify BMS patients without CI.
Ischaemic stroke at a young age is a serious event – final results of a population‐based long‐term follow‐up in Western Norway
Authors: Waje‐Andreassen U. , Thomassen L. , Jusufovic M. , Power K. N. , Eide G. E. , Vedeler C. A. , Naess H. 
Published: January 2013

Background and purposeOur population‐based long‐term follow‐up of young ischaemic stroke patients and controls showed 10‐fold increased mortality and fivefold increased arterial event rate nearly 12 years after study inclusion. We now assess memory, anxiety, depression and sleep in relation to employment and functional outcome, treatment goals and results from a last alive–dead survey.MethodsPatients (n = 232) ≤ 49 years with an index‐stroke between 1988 and 1997 were retrospectively selected and compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 453). At follow‐up from 2004 to 2005, 144 (77%) of 187 patients were clinically examined. Self‐assessment information about memory problems, anxiety, depression, sleeping problems, education and employment was compared with answers from standardized questionnaires from 167 controls. Functional outcome was measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).ResultsPatients compared with controls had more memory problems (41.0% vs. 5.4%, P < 0.001), anxiety (19.4% vs. 9%, P = 0.009), depression (29.2% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.001) and sleeping problems (36.1% vs. 19.2%, P = 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis male gender (OR 9.3, 95%CI 0.10–0.61, P = 0.002), normal memory (OR 12.7, 95%CI 0.07–0.47, P < 0.001) and mRS 0–1 (OR 15.7, 95%CI 0.002–0.12, P < 0.001) were factors for full‐time employment. Blood pressure was < 140/90 mmHg in 39% of patients, 49% stopped smoking and 38.2% used statins. After a mean observation time of 18.3 years, 63 (27.2%) of 232 patients were dead.ConclusionsOur data show a heterogeneous prognosis and high mortality even for long‐time survivors of ischaemic stroke at a young age. Prospective studies of young stroke patients and controls are necessary for direct comparison.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin in responders to intravenous therapy with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Markvardsen L. H. , Debost J.‐C. , Harbo T. , Sindrup S. H. , Andersen H. , Christiansen I. , Otto M. , Olsen N. K. , Lassen L. L. , Jakobsen J. ,   The Danish CIDP and MMN Study Group
Published: January 2013

Background and purposeWe hypothesized that subcutaneous administration of immunoglobulins (SCIG) in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is feasible, safe and superior to treatment with saline for the performance of muscle strength.MethodsThirty patients with motor involvement in maintenance therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) fulfilling the EFNS/PNS criteria for CIDP, aged 18–80 years, were randomized either to SCIG at a dose corresponding to their pre‐study IVIG dose or to subcutaneous saline given twice or thrice weekly for 12 weeks at home. At the start and end of the trial as well as 2 weeks before (−2, 0, 10, 12 weeks), isokinetic strength performance of four predetermined and weakened muscle groups was measured. Also, an Overall Disability Sum Score (ODSS), 40‐m‐walking test (40‐MWT), nine‐hole‐peg test, Neurological Impairment Score (NIS), Medical Research Council (MRC) score, grip strength, standardized electrophysiological recordings from three nerves, and plasma IgG levels were evaluated.ResultsSCIG treatment was well tolerated in all 14 patients. Six patients complained of mild side‐effects at the injection site. In the SCIG group there was an increase of isokinetic muscle strength of 5.5 ± 9.5% (P < 0.05) as compared with a decline of 14.4 ± 20.3% (P < 0.05) in the placebo group; the difference between the two groups being significant (P < 0.01). ODSS, NIS, MRC, grip strength and 40‐MWT improved following SCIG versus saline.ConclusionsSCIG treatment in CIDP is feasible, safe and effective, and seems an attractive alternative to IVIG.
Research implications of the Institute of Medicine Report, Epilepsy Across the Spectrum: Promoting Health and Understanding
Authors: Hesdorffer Dale C. , Beck Vicki , Begley Charles E. , Bishop Malachy L. , Cushner‐Weinstein Sandra , Holmes Gregory L. , Shafer Patricia O. , Sirven Joseph I. , Austin Joan K. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn March 2012 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the report, Epilepsy Across The Spectrum: Promoting Health and Understanding. This report examined the public health dimensions of the epilepsies with a focus on the following four areas: public health surveillance and data collection and integration; population and public health research; health policy, health care, and human services; and education for providers, people with epilepsy and their families, and the public. The report provided recommendations and research priorities for future work in the field of epilepsy that relate to increasing the power of data on epilepsy; prevention of epilepsy; improving health care for people with epilepsy; improving health professional education about epilepsy; improving quality of life for people with epilepsy; improving education about epilepsy for people with epilepsy and families; and raising public awareness about epilepsy. For this article, the authors selected one research priority from each of the major chapter themes in the IOM report: expanding and improving the quality of epidemiologic surveillance in epilepsy; developing improved interventions for people with epilepsy and depression; expanding early identification/screening for learning impairments in children with epilepsy; evaluating and promoting effective innovative teaching strategies; accelerating research on the identification of risk factors and interventions that increase employment and improve quality of life for people with epilepsy and their families; assessing the information needs of people with epilepsy and their families associated with epilepsy‐related risks, specifically sudden unexpected death in epilepsy; and developing and conducting surveys to capture trends in knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and beliefs about epilepsy over time and in specific population subgroups. For each research priority selected, examples of research are provided that will advance the field of epilepsy and improve the lives of people with epilepsy. The IOM report has many other research priorities for researchers to consider developing to advance the field of epilepsy and better the lives of people with epilepsy.
Localizing value of ictal SPECT is comparable to MRI and EEG in children with focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Krsek Pavel , Kudr Martin , Jahodova Alena , Komarek Vladimir , Maton Bruno , Malone Stephen , Miller Ian , Jayakar Prasanna , Resnick Trevor , Duchowny Michael 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPurposeTo assess the predictive value of ictal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for outcome after excisional epilepsy surgery in a large population of children with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).MethodsOne hundred seventy‐three ictal SPECT studies in 106 children with histologically proven FCD were retrospectively analyzed. The extent and location of ictal hyperperfusion and completeness of surgical removal were assessed. Completeness of resection of epileptogenic regions defined by ictal SPECT, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared and correlated with postoperative seizure outcome. In addition, subcortical activation of the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and thalamus were analyzed.Key FindingsThe extent of hyperperfusion was focal or lobar in 58%, whereas multilobar activations occurred in only 32%; hemispheric or bilateral findings were rare. Favorable postsurgical seizure outcome was achieved in 67% patients with nonlocalized SPECT findings, 45% with nonresected ictal hyperperfusion, 36% with partially resected ictal hyperperfusion, and 86% when the zone of ictal hyperperfusion was completely resected (p = 0.000198). The favorable postsurgical outcome after complete removal of the SPECT hyperperfusion zone surpassed the 75% rate of seizure freedom in patients with removal of MRI/EEG‐defined epileptogenic region. A similar predictive value of ictal SPECT for seizure outcome was found in nonoperated patients and subjects who were undergoing reoperation. Subcortical activation conferred no predictive value.SignificanceIctal SPECT helps to define the epileptogenic zone in a high proportion of children with FCD undergoing surgical evaluation. Complete removal of both SPECT and MRI/EEG‐defined regions is a strong predictor of surgical success and has important implications for surgical planning.
The relationship between the localization of the generalized spike and wave discharge generators and the response to valproate
Authors: Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Kay Benjamin , Gotman Jean , Privitera Michael D. , Holland Scott K. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPurposeUp to 30% of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) have seizures that are refractory to medication despite appropriate therapy that commonly includes valproate (VPA). The aim of this study was to compare patients withVPA‐refractory andVPA‐responsiveIGEin order to determine whether there are group differences in generalized spike and wave discharge (GSWD) generators that may be associated withVPAresistance.MethodsOf 89IGEpatients who underwent electroencephalography (EEG) combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI;EEG/fMRI), 25 withGSWDs identified inEEG/fMRIdata were included. Simultaneous acquisition of 64 channels ofEEGdata at 10 kHz was performed using anMRI‐compatibleEEGcap and amplifier at 4T.VPAresistance was defined as lack of seizure control despite therapeutic dose ofVPA.Key FindingsThefMRIblood oxygen–level dependent (BOLD) correlates ofGSWDin the entire group involved midline thalamus, frontal regions comprisingBrodmann areas 6, 24, and 32, and temporal lobes diffusely. WhenVPA‐responsive andVPA‐resistant patients were compared,BOLDsignal increases were noted in theVPA‐resistant patients in medial frontal cortex, along the paracingulate gyrus (Montreal Neurological Institute;MNIx = 2, y = 13.6, z = 45.9), and anterior insula bilaterally (rightMNIx = 37.6, y = 7.8, z = 0.6, leftMNIx = −35.3, y = 13.6, z = −5.3).SignificanceOur findings support the hypothesis thatVPA‐resistant andVPA‐responsive patients may have differentGSWDgenerators. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these differences inGSWDgenerators may be the reason for different responses toVPA.