bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Several Genotypes of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Effect Spraying with Glutamic Acid and Arginine (Growth and Yield Traits)
Authors: Mohammad Al-Jumaili Ammar Abdullah , Abdullah Anees Ahmed Hawas , Jassim Wael Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Experiment dealt with the cultivation of nine genotypes of bread wheat were (Al-Fayyad, Mawaddah, Buhouth 22, Babylon 113, Gemmayzeh 9, Giza 164, Sakha 61, Sakha 95, and Misr 3), which were sprayed with a combination of glutamic acid and Arginine (Glutamic 0 + Arginine 0 and Glutamic 200 mg L-1 and Arginine 200 mg L-1 and Glutamic 100 mg L-1 + Arginine 100 mg L-1, Glutamic 100 mg L-1 + Arginine 200 mg L-1, Glutamic 200 mg L-1 + Arginine 100 mg L-1 and Glutamic 200 mg L-1 + Arginine 200 mg L-1), in two stages of plant life (GSZ22) and (GSZ39), Experiment was carried out in Kirkuk Governorate during winter agricultural season (2022-2023) at Sayada site - Agricultural Research and Experimentation Station of the College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk (longitude 44.42° east and latitude 35.16° north) to achieve best combination of spraying with glutamic and arginine for traits of growth and yield of several genotypes of bread wheat for the traits of number of days from planting until heading 50% of spikes, flag leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll content in flag leaf and grain yield, Randomized Complete Block Design was used in split plots arrangements, where main plots included combinations of glutamic acids and arginine, while secondary plots included the genotypes. Results showed significant superiority for highest level of spray treatment (200 mg L-1 glutamic acid + 200 mg L-1 arginine acid) for number of days from planting until heading 50% of spikes, flag leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll content in leaf area and grain yield compared to control treatment and other combinations of glutamic acid and arginine.
Effect of Adding Malv aneglecta L. Leaves Powder on the Sensory Properties of Laboratory Biscuits
Authors: Hammood Ezuldeen K. , Khalaf Muna N. , Naser Jassim M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current study aimed to identify the effect of adding different concentrations (1-2-3-4)% of Malva neglecta L. mallow’s leaves powder to the soft wheat flour for the manufacturing of laboratory biscuits and to study its sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance. The percentages of protein, fat, fiber, dry matter, moisture, ash, and carbohydrates in wheat flour (fresh brand) and mallow’s powder were (85.5, 14.5, 0.65, 7, 1, 0.7, 76.15%) and (98.38, 1.62, 7.93, 12.69, 1.58, 6.34, 69.84%), respectively, according to the results of the chemical analysis. The percentages of ash, fat, protein, and mineral elements in the flour seemed to be lower than those in the powdered mallow leaves. The diameter of the biscuit pieces increased as the percentage of mallow powder increased, according to the results, until it reached (41.6 cm2) at a concentration of 4%. This increase was reflected in the spread factor, which reached (111.02%) for the same treatment compared to the control. The external sensory characteristics of the biscuits did not show a statistically significant difference between the treatments. While the internal characteristics were affected by the percentage of addition. This may be due to the increase in the intensity of the green color and the emergence of an uncommon flavour from the use of this type of herb, as it is often eaten fresh and cooked. All of this was reflected in the total degrees of general acceptance of this product, although there were no significant differences between the treatments. Therefore, it is possible to add a 4% concentration of mallow leaf powder to the manufactured biscuit without causing a significant decrease in consumer acceptance.
Production of Yoghurt Fortified With Many Aqueous Extracts as a New Functional Dairy Product
Authors: Aziz Alneamah Sadiq Jaafir , Al-Jannah Salah Mahdi , Jaafar Aldhalemi Ammar Abdulhasan , Allah Gazal Maryam Mal , Abd Nawras Saad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current study aimed to identify the effect of adding concentrations of aqueous extracts of thyme, broccoli and ginger represented as (T1, T2 and T3) respectively, with two different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus) on manufacturing yoghurt and its chemical composition and sensory properties. Results revealed that there were significant differences in the total solid, protein and ash content between T1, T2 and T3 compared with the control treatment. There were no significant variations between the control and T1 in the total solid, protein and ash. The acidity and pH values were not significantly different between the treatments. Additionally, the sensory evaluation results showed that the yoghurt’s sensory qualities (flavor, body and texture, appearance, and overall grade) were impacted by the addition of aqueous extracts of thyme, broccoli, and ginger. Additionally, the sensory results demonstrated that the yoghurt’s flavor, body and texture, appearance, and overall grade all increased as the aqueous extract concentration did. When compared to the control treatment, the extracts of thyme, broccoli, and ginger had no effect on the chemical composition or sensory qualities. It is possible to draw the conclusion that yoghurt, along with medicated yoghurt, is made with thyme, broccoli, and ginger for its accepted sensory qualities and increased health benefits.
Inhibitory Activity of Gaycyrrhiza glabral’s Extract Against Microorganisms and its Use to Prolonging Food Preservation Period
Authors: Talaa Al-Sudani Suhir A. , Al-Hafud Alyaa S. , Kadhim Labib A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the current investigation was to determine how ready isolates of bacteria and fungus were affected by the licorice extract (Aqueous extract of Gaycyrrhiza glabral). extending muffin’s shelf life testing the elements (iron, potassium, calcium) (80, 30, 35.0) ppm as well as the moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbs (0.004, 6.97, 0.86, 5.64, 86.53%) in the roots of the licorice plant. Using the digging diffusion method, the aqueous extract of powdered licorice root was prepared by distilling water, and its activity was evaluated against three types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus Cereus. The findings demonstrated that the extract’s inhibitory action differed significantly (P<0.05) across bacterial and fungal isolates. To evaluate the extract’s in vivo efficacy in muffin production, a 20% concentration of the aqueous extract was chosen. The two muffin treatments in the study were treated with 20% concentration of aqueous extract (A) and compared to the control treatment (B) that did not receive any additions for preservation periods of 1, 4, 8, 15, and 22 days. According to microbial tests done on the muffins, the aqueous extract killed bacteria. Performing a sensory examination of the muffin transactions (A, B), it was found that all sensory features (P < 0.05) were similar, with the exception of flavor and overall receptivity.
Assessment of Two Extraction Methods LLE and QUEChERS to Determine Pesticides Residues in Vegetables by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Kadhum Hanan Abdulsalam , Hammood Mohammad Kadhum , Arif Mokhtar Abdulsattar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The extraction of pesticides is a critical and urgent issue in the preparation for and determination of pesticide residues. The lack of a quick, easy, and successful extraction process is the most critical and challenging problem, even if diagnostic tools have improved and pesticide residues have been better understood. This study contrasted the QuEChERS method, which uses gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, with the LLE method, which uses liquid-liquid extraction, in order to extract pyridaben from cucumbers and spiromesifen from tomatoes. The GC-FID device was employed to ascertain the spiromesifen LOD and LOQ, which were 0.002 μg mL-1 and 0.006 g mL-1, respectively, according to the findings from the QuEChERS technique (95.6% recovery, RSD 0.28%-1.95%) and the LLE method (85.4% recovery, RSD 0.25%-6.9%). When testing the cucumber sample for pyridaben, the LLE method yielded an RSD of 0.12-0.21 percent, while the QuEChERS method yielded 95.22 percent. Pyridaben has limits of detection (LOD) of 0.001 μg mL-1 and quantification (LOQ) of 0.003 μg mL-1. A higher recovery level in both samples suggests that the QuEChERS method may be preferable to the LLE for extracting spiromesifen from tomatoes and pyridaben from cucumbers, according to the data. This was followed by a comparison of the two sets of results using a paired t-test with a 95% confidence level. Thus, the two methods are statistically distinct at the 95% confidence level. Among the most environmentally safe and sustainable solutions in this field, the QuEChERS method stands out for its quick sample preparation, affordability, ease of use, effectiveness, and absence of toxic chemicals and solvents.
Effect of Fish Offal Meals as Animal Protein on Digestibility of Common Carp (cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Al-Zahiri Ali Jassim , Al-Dulaimy Hasan Ali , Al-Bassam Nuha Hameed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objective of this research was to find out how digestible six different pelleted fish diets were in terms of dry matter and protein. Using chromium dioxide as an inert bio-marker, the six pre-treatment diets were tested on the performance of common carp fingerlings. Treatment T1 included commercial fishmeal and treatment T2 did not contain fish offal meal supported with commercial protease enzyme. Treatments 3, 4, 5, and 6 all contained fish offal meal supported with protease enzyme in proportions of 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3%, respectively. The experimental diets were designed to have the same amount of calories and protein. Chromium concentrations, proximate components of test diets, and feces were also calculated. T4 had the highest ADC for dry matter (DM) at 86.43%, while T3 had the lowest at 73.35%, according to the results. The ADCs values for crude protein content were also highest in T4 (91.92%), and lowest in T3 (80.20%). According to the research, common carp can maximize their nutritional digestion with the help of used fish offal meal and up to 1.5% protease enzymes in their diet.
Studying the Effect of Some Plant Extracts on Tenderizing Aged Beef Stored by Freezing
Authors: Kazem Faten Jassim , Abdulrahem Batool A. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to demonstrate the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extract of ginger and coriander, 2, 4, and 6%, as well as the treatment of distilled water and the enzyme trypsin on the qualitative properties of aged beef. It was noted in the results of the qualitative chemical examination that the extract of ginger and coriander contained a wide range of active compounds. These are phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. The results of the statistical analysis of the physical tests showed that the treatments to which plant extracts were added recorded the highest value in the ability to hold water during the storage period, and it was superior to the treatment to which the coriander extract was added at a concentration of 6%. As for the loss during cooking and thawing, it was It decreased by adding plant extracts and continuing the storage period until reaching 30 days of freeze storage, while the volume of liberated extract decreased with increasing concentration and duration of freeze storage for meat slices treated with plant extracts when compared with meat slices treated with trypsin enzyme and distilled water. The results showed a clear improvement in The sensory characteristics of the plant extract treatments, which included color, flavour, freshness, juiciness, and general acceptance compared to the distilled water sample and the trypsin enzyme, as the extracts treated with 6% coriander extract excelled in preserving the sensory characteristics until the end of the 30-day freezer storage period, as they obtained the highest evaluation scores. That is, it can be concluded that the use of plant extracts has improved many qualitative characteristics of aged beef.
Using Selection Index Technique For Improvement of Yield and Its Components in Maize (Zea may L.)
Authors: Mahfoodh Aziz Fatima Talal , Dawod Al-Zubaidy Khalid Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Seven genotypes of maize (Nawroz, Saunto, Jameson, Torro, ZP-Gloria, Nahrain, and DKC6664) were planted on April 1, 2023 in the Jurgan village, Sheikhan District (45 km north of Mosul), at three levels of nano Chelated NPK fertilizer (0, 6 and 12 kg/ha-1), and under sprinkler irrigation conditions, using a randomized complete block design by a split-plot system with three replicates, to evaluate it by constructing selection indices in all possible ways among the traits included in the study (grain yield per plant, number of ears per plant, length and diameter of the ear, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and ear, and 500 grains weight) and estimating the expected increase in grain yield per plant. The analysis of variance results showed that the mean square of the genotypes was significant for all traits. The selection index that included the traits of grain yield per plant, number of grains per row and ear, and 500 grains weight was characterized by the highest increase in relative efficiency of 20.231% compared to direct selection for grain yield per plant, an indication of the importance of selection by adopting the selection index for several traits. In the current study, this index was considered the best and was adopted in evaluating genotypes. It was found that the highest index mean was 482.624 in the ZP-Gloria genotype, with a significant difference from all other genotypes, followed in importance by DKC6664 and Torro genotypes. The local variety adopted in the study (Nahrain) came in the fourth sequence.
Effect of A Partial Substitution of Soybean Meal with Guar Meal on Blood Biochemistry Characteristics in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Al-Obaidi Bushra M. W. , Hazaa Iman K. K. , Abdualmajeed Othman M. , Mahmood Samia Kh. , Mahmood Elham K. , Alnori Hassan M. , Saeed Osama A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Poultry diets are enhanced with supplementary products aimed at optimizing the feed efficiency by utilizing guar, which is obtained through the mechanical extraction of galactomannan-containing saponins. This study was carried out to estimate the main effects of feeding 10% guar meal (GM) combined with or without antibiotic and anticoccidial supplementation on the blood biochemistry of broilers. The experiment used 150 birds at one-day old for 42 days. The birds were divided into five groups, each including 30 birds with three replicates (10 birds of each). The treatment diets were T1: control, T2: guar meal 10%, T3: salinomycin 500 g.ton−1, T4: salinomycin 500 g.ton−1 and gaur meal 10%, and T5: salinomycin 500 g.ton−1, mycofix 2 kg.ton−1, and gaur meal 10%. The results showed that serum triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels were significantly lower in T2, while HDL levels increased in the same treatment. Inclusion of salinomycin and maycofix in the diet significantly elevated serum triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, TG, glucose, and cholesterol concentrations in the serum of broilers. The substitution of 10% GM with soybean meal in the diet of broilers has a positive effect on studied biochemical parameters.
Study of Some Physical and Chemical Tests for Meat Chicken Pieces Immersed in Aqueous Extract of the Gujarat Plant for Ross broilers
Authors: Faris Esraa Qaysar , BahaAldeen Mohammed Sabah , Shanoon Ammar Qathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study was carried out in a laboratory in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture of Shorao from 15/1/2023 to 1/4/2023 after raising broiler chickens for 42 days, after which 3 chickens were slaughtered for each treatment consisting of 6 treatments, after which the chickens were cut and immersed in the aqueous extract of the gujarat plant. For cuts of meat, they were divided into nine treatments: T1) control, T2, immersing the meat piece in crumbs at a rate of 0.5%, T3 immersing the piece of meat in crumbs, 1%, T4, immersing the piece of meat in galls, 1.5%, T5, immersing it in 2% crumbs, T6, immersing previously treated meat in crumbs, 0.05, and placing it in an extract of 0.05. %, T7 immerse pre-treated meat in 1% curds and put it in 1% extract, T8 pre-treated meat is immersed in 1.5% curds and put it in 1.5% extract, T9 pre-treated meat is immersed in 2% curds and put in 2% extract. Several physical and chemical tests were conducted, including water-holding ability, weight loss during thawing, weight loss during cooking, myoglobin concentration, and moisture percentage. The results showed that there were significant differences at the probability level (P≤0.05) in the two characteristics of water-holding ability. It was in the form of loss during cooking, its percentage decreased in The breast piece did not show significant differences in the thigh and drumstick pieces of meat. As for the loss of thawed weight, it decreased in the ninth treatment for the breast pieces and drumstick meat. As for the thigh meat, the percentage was lower in the ninth and eighth treatments, and the percentage of myoglobin concentration increased in the eighth and ninth treatments of the breast piece, and no differences were shown. It was significant in the thigh and drumstick pieces, while the highest moisture percentage was recorded in the ninth treatment for all meat cuts compared to the rest of the treatments.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Nano-Zinc Oxide in Tris Diluent on some Traits of Chilled Semen of Bulls from the Artificial Insemination Center in Iraq
Authors: Sultan Hamed Hadi , Al-Dulaimi Makki Khalaf , Fadel Alaa Abbas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted in the artificial insemination department for the period from September 2023 until December 2023. It aims to demonstrate effect of adding nano-zinc oxide to Tris diluted on some traits of chilled semen of Holstein bulls. Four bulls from Holstein cows were used in this experiment. Semen was collected from the four bulls for each week at the rate of one ejaculate/bull. The experiment was divided into four treatments: the first treatment, T1, control treatment, diluted Tris without adding an antioxidant, (T2) added 50 μg of Zno/ml diluted, (T3) added 100 μg of ZnO/ml diluted. (T4) 250 μg ZnO/ml diluent was added. It became clear from the results of the current study that the addition of 50 μg of Zno/ml diluted Tris led to a highly significant increase (P>0.01) in the percentage of individual sperm motility after cooling compared to the rest of the treatments. The results showed a highly significant increase (P>0.01) in the percentage of live sperm for the treatment. T2) after cooling compared to the rest of the treatments. The results of the current study showed a highly significant increase (P>0.01) for the T2 treatment when adding 50 μg of Zno/ml diluted in the percentage of plasma membrane integrity compared to the rest of the treatments after cooling. The results of the current study showed a highly significant increase (P>0.01) in acrosome integrity after cooling, as the T2 treatment was excelled compared to other treatments. We conclude from this study that adding nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) at a concentration of (50 μg/ml) to Tris diluent led to an improvement in some traits of semen after cooling for Holstein bulls, namely (individual motility, percentage of live sperm, integrity of the plasma membrane, and integrity of the acrosome.
A field Study on the Reality of Fish Farms in Samarra District, Salah Al-Din Governorate
Authors: Al-Samarrai Mohammad Ali , Salim Zainab Riyadh , Nassif Ahmed Shaker 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field survey of fish farms was conducted in Samarra district - Salah al-Din governorate, where the largest number of fish farms in Samarra district was targeted, which numbered 40, including the areas of Abbasiya, Mafrq, Al-Jallam and Sakhira, where the total area that was surveyed was about (58 dunums). All fish farms depended at the rate 100% on submersible feed. Common carp is the most cultured in all fish farms compared to grass carp and silver carp. Three methods were used to construct the basins, which are ground, plugged, excavated and plugged, which gave the highest percentages compared to the other two types. Three methods were used to fill the fish basins: diesel pumps, electric pumps the flaw water, and tourism, where diesel was relied upon to fill all the basins of the study areas except for the Mafrq area, where electricity was relied upon to fill the basins. The fish were fed on a manufactured diet in all regions at a rate of 100%. The fertilizers used for fertilizing the basins were chemical, which ranged between 70%-100%, compared to the other two types, animal and mixed. Most workers in this field range from illiterate 15-25%, elementary school 40-63%, intermediate 15-20%, preparatory school 2-10%, institute 5% and college 0%.
The Effect of Using Purslane pills Portulaca oleracea and Its Alcoholic Extract on Broiler Breeders’ Biochemical Characteristics of Seminal Plasma, Antioxidants, and Stress Enzymes
Authors: Latif Osama A. , Shanoon Ammar Q. , Dhiab Ammar T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture/University of Diyala in the Department of Animal Production fields to determine the effect of Purslane powder and its alcoholic extract on the semen characteristics of male Ross 308 broiler broilers. Thirty-two 54-week-old roosters were randomly divided into eight treatments, four roosters for each treatment. The roosters of the first treatment (negative control group) were fed a standard ration without any addition, the second treatment (positive control group) added 0.250 gm vitamin E/kg feed, the third treatment added 5 gm Purslane grain powder/kg feed, the fourth treatment added 7.5 gm Purslane pill powder/kg feed, the fifth treatment, adding 10 g of Purslane grain powder/kg of feed, the sixth treatment, adding 5 ml of Purslane grain alcoholic extract/liter of drinking water, the seventh treatment, adding 7.5 ml of berberine grains alcoholic extract/liter of drinking water, the eighth treatment, adding 10 ml of Purslane grains alcoholic extract/ A liter of drinking water. The results showed that adding Purslane grain powder and its alcoholic extract to roosters’ rations or drinking water led to a significant decrease of 0.05 p in the concentration of total protein and cholesterol in all treatments of the study compared to the control treatments and a significant increase of 0.05 p in the concentration of glucose in all treatments of the study compared to the control treatments. During the 10-week study period. The results indicated a significant improvement of ≥0.05 p in the case of antioxidants, represented by a significant increase of ≥0.05 p in the concentration of the glutathione enzyme in all study treatments compared to the control treatments and a significant decrease of ≥0.05 p in the concentration of malondialdehyde in all study treatments compared to the control treatments during the study period 10 weeks. The results also indicated a significant decrease of p≥0.05 in the concentration of stress enzymes ALT and AST for all treatments compared to control treatments.