bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Detecting Traumatic Intracranial Lesions on Computed Tomography in Children and Youth With Mild Head Trauma
Authors: Papa Linda , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Ramirez Jose , Silvestri Salvatore , Giordano Philip , Braga Carolina F. , Tan Ciara N. , Ameli Neema J. , Lopez Marco , Mittal Manoj K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the performance of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in detecting traumatic intracranial lesions on computed tomography (CT) scan in children and youth with mild and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) and assessed its performance in trauma control patients without head trauma.MethodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled children and youth presenting to three Level I trauma centers following blunt head trauma with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 9 to 15, as well as trauma control patients with GCS scores of 15 who did not have blunt head trauma. The primary outcome measure was the presence of intracranial lesions on initial CT scan. Blood samples were obtained in all patients within 6 hours of injury and measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for GFAP (ng/mL).ResultsA total of 257 children and youth were enrolled in the study and had serum samples drawn within 6 hours of injury for analysis: 197 had blunt head trauma and 60 were trauma controls. CT scan of the head was performed in 152 patients and traumatic intracranial lesions on CT scan were evident in 18 (11%), all of whom had GCS scores of 13 to 15. When serum levels of GFAP were compared in children and youth with traumatic intracranial lesions on CT scan to those without CT lesions, median GFAP levels were significantly higher in those with intracranial lesions (1.01, interquartile range [IQR] = 0.59 to 1.48) than those without lesions (0.18, IQR = 0.06 to 0.47). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for GFAP in detecting children and youth with traumatic intracranial lesions on CT was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71 to 0.93). In those presenting with GCS scores of 15, the AUC for detecting lesions was 0.80 (95% CI = 0.68 to 0.92). Similarly, in children under 5 years old the AUC was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.56 to 1.00). Performance for detecting intracranial lesions at a GFAP cutoff level of 0.15 ng/mL yielded a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 47%, and a negative predictive value of 98%.ConclusionsIn children and youth of all ages, GFAP measured within 6 hours of injury was associated with traumatic intracranial lesions on CT and with severity of TBI. Further study is required to validate these findings before clinical application.
The march from early life food sensitization to allergic disease: a systematic review and meta‐analyses of birth cohort studies
Authors: Alduraywish S. A. , Lodge C. J. , Campbell B. , Allen K. J. , Erbas B. , Lowe A. J. , Dharmage S. C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence for an increase in food allergies. The question of whether early life food sensitization, a primary step in food allergies, leads to other allergic disease is a controversial but important issue. Birth cohorts are an ideal design to answer this question.ObjectivesWe aimed to systematically investigate and meta‐analyse the evidence for associations between early food sensitization and allergic disease in birth cohorts.MethodsMEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were searched for birth cohorts that have investigated the association between food sensitization in the first 2 years and subsequent wheeze/asthma, eczema and/or allergic rhinitis. We performed meta‐analyses using random‐effects models to obtain pooled estimates, stratified by age group.ResultsThe search yielded fifteen original articles representing thirteen cohorts. Early life food sensitization was associated with an increased risk of infantile eczema, childhood wheeze/asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis and young adult asthma. Meta‐analyses demonstrated that early life food sensitization is related to an increased risk of wheeze/asthma (pooled OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.0–4.0), eczema (pooled OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.7–4.4) and allergic rhinitis (pooled OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.9–4.9) from 4 to 8 years.ConclusionFood sensitization in the first 2 years of life can identify children at high risk of subsequent allergic disease who may benefit from early life preventive strategies. However, due to potential residual confounding in the majority of studies combined with lack of follow‐up into adolescence and adulthood, further research is needed.
A randomised controlled trial of bilateral dual transversus abdominis plane blockade for laparoscopic appendicectomy
Authors: Tanggaard K. , Jensen K. , Lenz K. , Vazin M. , Binzer J. , Lindberg‐Larsen V. O. , Niegsch M. , Bendtsen T. F. , Jorgensen L. N. , Børglum J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe investigated the effects of pre‐operative ultrasound‐guided bilateral dual transversus abdominis plane blocks on pain when sitting up and pain at rest after laparoscopic appendicectomy. We allocated 28 participants to injection with 60 ml ropivacaine 0.375% and 28 participants to 60 ml isotonic saline. The median (IQR [range]) cumulative pain scores during the first 12 postoperative hours were less after ropivacaine than saline (maximum 120): on sitting, 34 (19‐46 [0‐59]) vs 50 (30‐59 [0‐97]), respectively, p = 0.009; and at rest, 25 (10‐33 [0‐49]) vs 31 (24‐43 [0‐72]), respectively, p = 0.035. There were no differences in morphine consumption, nausea, vomiting, time in recovery or time to walk.
Training‐induced anti‐atherosclerotic effects are associated with increased vascular PPARgamma expression in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice
Authors: Szostak J. , Miguet‐Alfonsi C. , Berthelot A. , Laurant P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimPhysical exercise prevents cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis lesions. However, the molecular aspects are still unknown. Vascular peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) exert anti‐atherogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether exercise‐induced anti‐atherosclerotic effect is associated with change in PPARs vascular expression in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice.MethodsMale ApoE−/− mice were fed with a high‐fat diet and randomized into two groups: one trained group undergoing swimming training for 3 months and one sedentary group. Sedentary and trained C57BL/6J mice were used as control. mRNA of PPAR‐α, PPAR‐β/δ and PPAR‐γ was measured in aorta by quantitative PCR. mRNA of pro‐ (TNF‐α, IL‐1β) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐10, IL‐1Ra) cytokines was also measured.ResultsAtherosclerotic lesion size was significantly reduced in trained ApoE−/− mice compared to sedentary ones. In contrast, reduction of atherosclerotic lesion size was not observed in trained ApoE−/− mice supplied with BADGE, an antagonist of PPAR‐γ. Exercise training significantly increased PPAR‐γ expression in aorta. PPAR‐γ expression was inversely correlated with the atherosclerotic plaque area. Aortic PPAR‐α and PPAR‐β/δ mRNA expressions were not changed in response to exercise training. Atherosclerosis increased the aortic mRNA expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐10 and IL‐1Ra. Exercise training decreased aortic IL‐1β mRNA expression in ApoE−/− mice, but did not change expression of TNF‐α, IL‐10 and IL‐1Ra. IL‐1β mRNA expression was also significantly lower in atherosclerosis lesions from trained ApoE−/− compared with those from sedentary ones.ConclusionsExercise training increases vascular PPAR‐γ expression in ApoE−/− mice that could potentially underlie training‐related beneficial effects on atherosclerosis.
A psychosocial analysis of parents' decisions for limiting their young child's screen time: An examination of attitudes, social norms and roles, and control perceptions
Authors: Hamilton Kyra , Spinks Teagan , White Katherine M. , Kavanagh David J. , Walsh Anne M. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesPreschool‐aged children spend substantial amounts of time engaged in screen‐based activities. As parents have considerable control over their child's health behaviours during the younger years, it is important to understand those influences that guide parents' decisions about their child's screen time behaviours.DesignA prospective design with two waves of data collection, 1 week apart, was adopted.MethodsParents (n = 207) completed a Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)‐based questionnaire, with the addition of parental role construction (i.e., parents' expectations and beliefs of responsibility for their child's behaviour) and past behaviour. A number of underlying beliefs identified in a prior pilot study were also assessed.ResultsThe model explained 77% (with past behaviour accounting for 5%) of the variance in intention and 50% (with past behaviour accounting for 3%) of the variance in parental decisions to limit child screen time. Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, parental role construction, and past behaviour predicted intentions, and intentions and past behaviour predicted follow‐up behaviour. Underlying screen time beliefs (e.g., increased parental distress, pressure from friends, inconvenience) were also identified as guiding parents' decisions.ConclusionResults support the TPB and highlight the importance of beliefs for understanding parental decisions for children's screen time behaviours, as well as the addition of parental role construction. This formative research provides necessary depth of understanding of sedentary lifestyle behaviours in young children which can be adopted in future interventions to test the efficacy of the TPB mechanisms in changing parental behaviour for their child's health.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

Identifying determinants of child screen time behaviour is vital to the health of young people.

Social‐cognitive and parental role constructions are key influences of parental decision‐making.

Little is known about the processes guiding parents' decisions to limit their child's screen time.

What does this study add?

Parental role construction and TPB social‐cognitive factors influence parental decisions.

The beliefs of parents for their child's behaviour were identified.

A range of beliefs guide parents' decisions for their child's screen time viewing.
Sunk costs of exporting and the role of experience in international trade
Authors: Meinen Philipp 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper estimates the importance of destination‐specific sunk costs of exporting and investigates the role of firms' previous experience in international trade for the decision to export to a market. While destination‐specific sunk costs are important, firms' experience in international trade can help to overcome these costs more easily. In particular, import experience from a market is found to facilitate exporting to this country and export experience from other markets can increase the probability of exporting to a country. This latter effect turns out to be conditional on the characteristics and number of markets served by a firm.
SAR: Stroke Authorship Recognition
Authors: Shaheen Sara , Rockwood Alyn , Ghanem Bernard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAre simple strokes unique to the artist or designer who renders them? If so, can this idea be used to identify authorship or to classify artistic drawings? Also, could training methods be devised to develop particular styles? To answer these questions, we propose the Stroke Authorship Recognition (SAR) approach, a novel method that distinguishes the authorship of 2D digitized drawings. SAR converts a drawing into a histogram of stroke attributes that is discriminative of authorship. We provide extensive classification experiments on a large variety of data sets, which validate SAR's ability to distinguish unique authorship of artists and designers. We also demonstrate the usefulness of SAR in several applications including the detection of fraudulent sketches, the training and monitoring of artists in learning a particular new style and the first quantitative way to measure the quality of automatic sketch synthesis tools.
Retinoic acid receptor β2 agonists restore glycaemic control in diabetes and reduce steatosis
Authors: Trasino S. E. , Tang X.‐H. , Jessurun J. , Gudas L. J. 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo investigate the effects of specific retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists in diabetes and fatty liver disease.MethodsSynthetic agonists for RARβ2 were administered to wild‐type (wt) mice in a model of high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to ob/ob and db/db mice (genetic models of obesity‐associated T2D).ResultsWe show that administration of synthetic agonists for RARβ2 to either wt mice in a model of HFD‐induced T2D or to ob/ob and db/db mice reduces hyperglycaemia, peripheral insulin resistance and body weight. Furthermore, RARβ2 agonists dramatically reduce steatosis, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the liver, pancreas and kidneys of obese, diabetic mice. RARβ2 agonists also lower levels of mRNAs involved in lipogenesis, such as sterol regulatory element‐binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1) and fatty acid synthase, and increase mRNAs that mediate mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation, such as CPT1α, in these organs. RARβ2 agonists lower triglyceride levels in these organs, and in muscle.ConclusionsCollectively, our data show that orally active, rapid‐acting, high‐affinity pharmacological agonists for RARβ2 improve the diabetic phenotype while reducing lipid levels in key insulin target tissues. We suggest that RARβ2 agonists should be useful drugs for T2D therapy and for treatment of hepatic steatosis.
Seascape features, rather than dispersal traits, predict spatial genetic patterns in co‐distributed reef fishes
Authors: Liggins Libby , Treml Eric A. , Possingham Hugh P. , Riginos Cynthia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo determine which seascape features have shaped the spatial genetic patterns of coral reef fishes, and to identify common patterns among species related to dispersal traits [egg type and pelagic larval duration (PLD)].LocationIndian and Pacific Oceans, including the Indo‐Australian Archipelago.MethodsWe sampled coral reef fishes with differing dispersal traits (Pomacentrus coelestis, Dascyllus trimaculatus, Hailchoeres hortulanus and Acanthurus triostegus) and characterized spatial (mtDNA) genetic patterns using AMOVA‐clustering and measures of genetic differentiation. Similarity in the spatial genetic patterns among species was assessed using the congruence among distance matrices method and the seascape features associated with the genetic differentiation of each species were identified using multiple regression of distance matrices (MRDM) and stepwise model selection.ResultsSimilar spatial genetic patterns were found for P. coelestis and H. hortulanus, despite their differing egg type (benthic versus pelagic). MRDM indicated that geographical distance was underlying their correlated genetic patterns. Species with pelagic eggs (A. triostegus and H. hortulanus) also had correlated patterns of genetic differentiation (Dest); however, a common underlying seascape feature could not be inferred. Additionally, the common influence of the Torres Strait and the Lydekker/Weber's line was identified for the genetic patterns of differentiation for P. coelestis and A. triostegus, despite their differing dispersal traits, and the uncorrelated spatial genetic patterns of these species.Main conclusionsOur study demonstrates the value of a quantitative, hypothesis‐testing framework in comparative phylogeography. We found that dispersal traits (egg type and PLD) did not predict which species had similar spatial genetic patterns or which seascape features were associated with these patterns. Furthermore, even in the absence of visually similar, or correlated spatial genetic patterns, our approach enabled us to identify seascape features that had a common influence on the spatial genetic patterns of co‐distributed species.
Periodontitis and arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schmitt Audrey , Carra Maria Clotilde , Boutouyrie Pierre , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPatients with periodontitis have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, although a causal relationship between these conditions remains unclear. Arterial stiffness is considered a marker of arteriosclerosis and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A systematic review of the literature on clinical studies using pulse wave velocity (PWV) to assess arterial stiffness in patients with periodontitis was carried out to answer the following questions: (i) Do patients with periodontitis have impaired arterial stiffness compared to non‐periodontal diseased subjects? (ii) Is periodontal treatment effective as a means to improve arterial stiffness in patients with periodontitis?Literature ReviewLiterature search was done on different databases up to September 2014. All clinical studies (excluding case reports) using PWV in patients with periodontitis were retrieved for a full‐text evaluation. A total of 10 studies were included. Patients with periodontitis have increased arterial stiffness compared to controls (PWV mean difference 0.85 m/s; 95% confidence interval: 0.53–1.16; p<0.00001). The only two interventional studies showed contradictory results on the effects of periodontal treatment on PWV.ConclusionPatients with periodontitis appear to have higher values of PWV compared to controls. The effect of periodontal treatment on arterial stiffness remains unclear.
Commentary: An exemplar of progress in understanding complex disorders – reflections on what we have learned about eating disorders (Culbert et al., 2015)
Authors: Smith Gregory T. , Davis Heather A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA number of recent advances in eating disorders research have helped clarify the nature of risk for the development of such disorders. Culbert et al. () provide an empirical and thoughtful review of these recent advances. The authors identified empirically established risk factors in each of several categories of risk for eating disorders: genetic influences, neurotransmitter activity, hormones, personality, and sociocultural influences. We highlight three implications of their review. First, the review can serve as an important asset to eating disorder researchers, both substantively, by providing a comprehensive account of empirically supported risk processes; and methodologically, by highlighting good standards of evidence for acceptance of a candidate risk factor. Second, eating disorder risk is increased by both transdiagnostic and eating disorder‐specific factors; there is a need to understand how these types of factors transact with each other. Third and most important, we highlight the importance of Culbert et al.'s advocacy for the development of theoretical models, and empirical tests of those models that specify transactions among different types of risk factors, such as those based on genetic, neurobiological, personality, and social processes.
Pharmacogenomics and Implications for Nursing Practice
Authors: Cheek Dennis J. , Bashore Lisa , Brazeau Dan Alan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeThis article aims to introduce the nurse to pharmacogenomics and its implications for clinical practice with regard to drug therapy.Organizing ConstructsPharmacogenomics is discussed with regard to the basic tenets, relationships to common health conditions, education and practice resources, and implications for nursing practice.MethodsPeer‐reviewed literature, websites, and expert professional guidelines were reviewed with relation to pharmacogenomics and nursing practice.FindingsThe genetic–genomic literature has grown significantly since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003. This information is now being translated into practice with regard to the patient's genetic profile and the impact on drug therapy, which is pharmacogenomics.ConclusionsThe utilization of the patient genetic–genomic profile is beginning to have an impact on patient drug therapy in clinical practice.Clinical RelevanceNurses are in the position to make sure, with the increased translation of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice, that adverse drug reactions are avoided and doses are optimized.
Regulation of Th1/Th2 balance through OX40/OX40L signalling by glycyrrhizic acid in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Wu Qiaozhen , Tang Ying , Hu Xiaoyun , Wang Qin , Lei Wei , Zhou Linfu , Huang Jianan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveGlycyrrhizic acid (GA) has been reported to have attenuating airway inflammation effects in asthma mouse model. However, the potential molecular mechanisms by which GA exerts anti‐inflammatory effects on ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced allergic asthma have not been well elaborated.MethodsThe effect of GA on OVA‐sensitized and challenged mice was investigated. The effect of GA on anti‐OX40 mAb stimulated splenocytes from asthma mice model was also examined.ResultsIn OVA‐induced asthmatic mice, GA treatment prevented the decrease of T helper1 cytokine (interferon (IFN)‐γ) and the increase of T helper2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), reduced serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and OVA‐specific IgE levels, prohibited the protein and mRNA expression of OX40 and OX40 Ligand (OX40L) in lung tissues, and the expression of OX40 in CD4+ T cells and OX40L in CD11b+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells in spleens in a dose‐dependent manner compared with the vehicle treatment (all P < 0.05). Moreover, OVA significantly increased the activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) in lung tissues, whereas GA and anti‐OX40L mAb markedly reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. In addition, GA could inhibit the T cell proliferation and modulate the balance of Th1/Th2 in anti‐OX40 mAb stimulated CD4+ T cells from asthmatic spleens (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsGA may exert a therapeutic effect on OVA‐induced experimental asthma partly by regulating the Th1/Th2 balance through suppressing OX40‐OX40L signalling and p38 MAPK activity. GA may be a promising treatment for asthma.