bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globalization and health worker crisis: what do wealth-effects tell us?
Authors: Simplice Asongu 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Owing to lack of relevant data on health human resource (HHR) migration, the empirical dimension of the health-worker crisis debate has remained void despite abundant theoretical literature. A health worker crisis is growing in the world. Shortages in health professionals are reaching staggering levels in many parts of the globe. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A quantile regression approach is used to examine the determinants of health-worker emigration throughout the conditional distributions of health-worker emigration. This provides an investigation of the determinants when existing emigrations levels matter. The author assesses the determinants of emigration in the health sector through-out the conditional distribution of HHR emigration.

Findings
– The findings have been presented in two main strands: when existing emigration levels are low and when existing emigration levels are high. In the former case (when existing emigration levels are low), wealth-effects have the following implications. First, while economic prosperity is a good tool against nurse brain drain in middle income countries (MICs), health expenditure is a good instrument against physician brain drain in low income countries (LICs). Second, whereas positive demographic change fuels the problem in LICs, it mitigates the issue in their MIC counterparts. Third, savings, government-effectiveness, foreign-aid and inflationary pressures only accentuate the problem for both income groups. Fourth, corruption-control becomes a vital tool for emigration-control in both income-brackets. Fifth, while trade openness mitigates physician emigration in LICs, financial openness has the opposite effect on nurse emigration. In the latter case (when existing immigration levels are high), the following conclusions have been drawn. First, While economic prosperity fights nurse emigration only in LICs, savings is a tool against physician emigration only in their MIC counterparts. Second, health expenditure and inflationary pressures are relevant tools in the battle against physician resource flight. Third, whereas, government effectiveness is an important policy measure for mitigating emigration in LICs, human development plays a similar role in MICs. Fourth, democracy, press-freedom, foreign-aid and financial openness fuel emigration in either income strata. Fifth, population growth and trade openness are important tools in the fight against brain-drain. Sixth, the HIV infection rate is a deterrent only to nurse emigration.

Originality/value
– This paper complements existing literature by empirically investigating the World Health Organization hypothetical determinants of health-worker migration in the context of globalization when income-levels matter. In plainer terms, the work explores how the wealth of exporting countries play-out in the determinants of HHR emigration.
The winemaker as entrepreneurial marketer: an exploratory study
Authors: Ray Chaudhury Sarita , A. Albinsson Pia , David Shows George , Moench Virginia 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to examine, through the lens of entrepreneurial marketing theory, everyday business practices of small-scale winemakers in a challenging small wine region in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
– In-depth interviews and participant observations were utilized to elicit rich descriptions of entrepreneurial marketing efforts of six New Mexico winemakers.

Findings
– This article describes winemakers’ entrepreneurial marketing efforts. We find that survival drives all other entrepreneurial marketing dimensions where accounting for risk is pervasive rather than a stand-alone dimension. Knowledge gained from intense customer focus is used for new product and service innovations. The leveraging of individual and shared resources is another dimension of entrepreneurial marketing that is demonstrated in our analysis.

Originality/value
– As entrepreneurs stake their claim in developing small wine regions, understanding entrepreneurial marketing concepts will enable academics and practitioners to understand challenges of a business that is not only dependent on the economics but also on mother nature’s whims.
Mapping vulnerability: how emerging markets respond to multinationals
Authors: Jain Arun Kumar , Singal Ajay Kumar 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to look at corporate vulnerability – a concept unexplored in literature. It analyzes how firms develop vulnerability as a result of past strategic decisions and business practices like global sourcing, outsourcing, business models, manufacturing practices, diversification, etc.Design/methodology/approach– This paper relies on cross-disciplinary theories from natural hazard management and strategy literature to put forth a definition of strategic vulnerability and its dimensions.Findings– Strategic vulnerability is seen as a multidimensional construct having at least three attributes: Tangible resources that capture the physical assets dimension; Capabilities are the skills, learning and knowledge part; and Fitness that represents the collective ability of an organization to cope with external and internal challenges. Further, vulnerabilities remain inherent in the firm, and may not be visible until organizations face some external stress or adverse scenario.Research limitations/implications– The framework needs further empirical testing through case studies or other methodologies to bring forth managerial reflections on the three dimensions identified in the paper.Originality/value– Strategic vulnerability framework helps managers to analyze the dimensions that make strategic position of firms vulnerable to existing or emerging competition. Based on the vulnerability analysis, managers can initiate actions to improve competitive positioning of their firms.
Uncovering generalized patterns of brand competition in China
Authors: Faulkner Margaret , Truong Oanh , Romaniuk Jenni 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this research is to analyze brand competition in China using the Duplication of Purchase (DoP) law, with important implications for understanding Chinese buyer behavior in comparison with Western buyers. Discovered in the Western markets, the DoP law holds across a variety of product categories.

Design/methodology/approach
– Multiple sets of new data are examined to extend past research in the application of the DoP law in Chinese buying behavior. This study draws on panel data and self-reported data, utilizing bootstrapping to identify partitions where excess sharing occurs.

Findings
– This paper finds the DoP law holds across six categories (two personal care, two impulse categories and two durables), as well as over multiple years. Brands in China share customers with other brands in line with the market share of the competitor brand. There were few partitions where brands shared significantly more customers than expected. Partitions occur due to the same umbrella brand or ownership, and geographic location.

Research limitations/implications
– Areas for further research include extended replication in other categories, investigating partitions and whether a different consumer path to purchase occurs in China.

Practical implications
– DoP can be applied across a wide range of categories in China to understand market structure. New entrants to China can use this approach to understand a category from a consumer behavior perceptive. DoP provides guidelines for marketers to identify competition and allocate resources appropriately.

Originality/value
– This research provides a comprehensive, unparalleled examination across six very different categories of brand competition in China. This gives confidence in the robustness and generalizability of the results.
Experiences of discrimination by people with schizophrenia in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ibukun Adeosun Increase , Adekeji Adegbohun Abosede , Oyewunmi Jeje Oyetayo , Adejoke Adewumi Tomilola 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The label of schizophrenia attracts a high level of stigma; consequently, people with schizophrenia are victims of unfair treatment and have limited access to decent livelihood and basic opportunities. However, most studies on stigma have overlooked the experiences of patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this paper is to assess the experience of discrimination by patients with schizophrenia in Lagos, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
– A descriptive cross-sectional study. Out-patients with schizophrenia (n=150) were interviewed with the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC 12) at the Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

Findings
– The majority of the respondents (86.7 per cent) had been avoided by people who knew they had schizophrenia. Unfair treatment was experienced by 71.3 per cent from family members, 62.7 per cent from friends, 32 per cent in social life and 28.7 per cent in intimate relationships, and 38.7 per cent in personal safety. The most commonly reported unfair treatment was inappropriate physical restraint (e.g. chains and ropes) applied by family members and beating. About eight out of ten (79.3 per cent) respondents concealed their illness.

Originality/value
– The findings indicate that people with schizophrenia in Nigeria experience high levels of discrimination, some of which contravenes their basic human rights. The unfair treatment experienced within the family context excludes people with schizophrenia from engaging in basic social relationships, education and the pursuit of life opportunities. Legislations should be reviewed to protect patients from unfair treatment and violation of their human rights. There is also need to equip them with strategies to cope with stigma.
Human rights and the use of psychiatric medication
Authors: Rodriguez del Barrio Lourdes , Onocko Campos Rosana , Stefanello Sabrina , Vianna Dantas dos Santos Deivisson , Cyr Céline , Benisty Lisa , de Carvalho Otanari Thais 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Formal recognition of the human rights of people living with mental health problems has greatly progressed. We must ask ourselves, however, to what extent the formal recognition of these rights has transformed the culture of psychiatric care and improved their quality of life. Gaining Autonomy & Medication Management (GAM) is an approach that strives to empower service users and providers and promotes the exercise of users’ rights by transforming their relationship with the central component of psychiatric treatment in community services: psychopharmacology. The purpose of this paper is to show how GAM highlights the issues surrounding the establishment of a culture of rights.

Design/methodology/approach
– For this analysis qualitative data were collected in Brazil and in Quebec, Canada, through over 100 interviews done with people living with mental health issues and practitioners who participated in the different GAM implementation projects.

Findings
– Issues, challenges and obstacles facing the instauration of a human rights culture in mental health services are presented. The profound changes that the understanding and exercise of users’ rights bring to the lives of individuals are supported by excerpts illustrating recurring issues, situations and common experiences that appear in the various contexts of the two different countries.

Research limitations/implications
– This is not a parallel study taking place into two countries. The methodologies used were different, and as a consequence the comparative power can be limited. However, the results reveal striking similarities.

Originality/value
– There is scant research on human rights in mental health services in the community, and the issues surrounding the prescribing and follow-up of pharmacological treatment. The joint analysis of the researches in Brazil and in Canada, identified common challenges which are intertwined with the dominant approach of biomedical psychiatry.
Muscarinic‐mediated vasoconstriction in human, rat and sheep umbilical cords and related vasoconstriction mechanisms
Authors: Chen N , Lv J , Bo L , Li N , Wu C , Yin X , Li J , Tao J , Chen J , He Y , Huang S , Xiao J , Mao C , Xu Z 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThe umbilical cord provides nutrition and oxygen to the fetus. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on umbilical cords from humans and other mammals, and the mechanisms of ACh‐mediated vasoconstriction in the human umbilical cord.DesignHuman and animal umbilical cords used in vascular and cellular experiments.SettingInstitute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.PopulationA total of 85 pregnant women, 16 Sprague Dawley rats and seven pregnant sheep.MethodsUmbilical cord veins and arteries from humans, rats and sheep, aortas and mesenteric arteries from rats, and mesenteric, carotid and femoral arteries from ovine fetuses were used to compare vascular functions in response to ACh and to determine the mechanisms of ACh‐mediated umbilical vasoconstriction. Vascular tension and ion channel currents were measured on isolated vessels and smooth muscle cells from human umbilical cords.Main outcome measuresProvision of new evidence to conclude that ACh‐stimulated vasoconstriction is common to all umbilical cords, and cellular mechanisms are linked to potassium channels.ResultsACh caused reliable vasoconstriction in umbilical veins/arteries in humans, rats and sheep, but not in any other vessels, including fetal vessels. Atropine inhibited the effects of ACh. The mRNA of ACh‐muscarinic receptor subtypes M1–M5 was expressed in human umbilical vessels. The protein kinase C antagonist GF109203X and the calcium inhibitor nifedipine decreased ACh‐induced vasoconstriction in human umbilical vessels. ACh also caused a reduction in whole‐cell potassium channel currents and the single‐channel current of large‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium (BKca) channels.ConclusionUmbilical vessels are significantly different from other vessels in their response to ACh. BKca channels in smooth muscle cells may play important roles in ACh‐mediated vasoconstriction in human umbilical cords. This information may be important for fetal medicine and practice with regard to the effect on fetal development of umbilical vascular functions.
Human Fatality Due to Thallium Poisoning: Autopsy, Microscopy, and Mass Spectrometry Assays,
Authors: Li Shangxun , Huang Wen , Duan Yijie , Xing Jingjun , Zhou Yiwu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThallium has been responsible for many intoxications since its discovery; however, toxicological profiles for thallium in human fatalities have not been updated recently. Autopsy, microscopic investigations, and toxicological analyses were performed on a married couple who died from thallium sulfate intended homicidal poisoning. The distribution of thallium was established by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with hair samples showing the highest thallium concentration. Electron microscopy revealed a dystrophic condition of hair with disorganized cuticle and atrophy of the hair bulb. Thallium interacts with cells at different levels, with prominent ultrastructural injuries in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and high concentration of electron dense granules observed in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of several organs. Alopecia, toxic encephalopathy, and peripheral neuropathy were diagnosed in the victims and suggested to be crucial implications for thallium poisoning. The analytical procedures used in this case are of considerable forensic importance in the diagnosis of thallium poisoning.
Accurate lymphadenectomy along the recurrent laryngeal nerve based on precise positioning during thoracoscopic–laparoscopic oesophagectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Jianjun , Hong Liu , Feng Fan , Li Mengbin , Sun Li , Cai Lei , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: November 2014

AimLymph nodes along the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) are considered to be highly involved in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients, and radical dissection of these lymph nodes is recommended. The present study aimed to demonstrate the value of thoracoscopic–laparoscopic oesophagectomy (TLE) in radical lymphadenectomy along the bilateral RLN.Patients and MethodsFrom November 2010 to September 2012, 51 patients underwent TLE. The procedures during the radical lymphadenectomy along the bilateral RLN were done using ultrasonic scalpel with single‐lumen endotracheal tube intubation.ResultsThe lymph nodes along the RLN could be sufficiently removed with an extremely low incidence of RLN injury. The mean number of lymph nodes removed was 3.58 ± 2.59 along the right RLN, and 2.73 ± 1.66 along the left RLN. There were two types of origin for right RLN; the origin of the majority was adjacent to the right subclavian artery, and the origin of three cases was away from the right subclavian artery.ConclusionsTLE in combination with a single‐lumen tube, bilateral lung ventilation and semiprone position could be safely and efficiently applied in radical lymphadenectomy along the bilateral RLN. Ultrasonic scalpel could be safely used in lymphadenectomy along the RLN without increased heat injury of RLN.
DNA Methylation: Hemodialysis Versus Hemodiafiltration
Authors: Ghigolea Adrian‐Bogdan , Moldovan Raluca Argentina , Gherman‐Caprioara Mirela 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAberrant DNA methylation is an emerging characteristic of chronic kidney disease including dialysis patients. It appears to be associated to inflammation. We compared the global DNA methylation status in 10 control subjects compared to 80 dialysis patients (N = 40 on‐line hemodiafiltration, N = 40 high‐flux hemodialysis) in relation to the dialysis technique and inflammation. Whole blood DNA methylation was assessed with a 5‐mc DNA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Kit. Global DNA methylation was higher in hemodialysis (HD) compared to on‐line hemodiafiltration (HDF) patients (0.045 vs. 0.039; P < 0.0001) and controls (0.045 vs. 0.0284; P = 0.0002 for HD; 0.039 vs. 0.0284; P = 0.0254 for on‐line HDF). To study the influence of the dialysis technique on DNA methylation we divided dialysis patients according to the median value of 5‐mC. DNA methylation was highest in inflamed patients on hemodialysis. The dialysis technique was the only independent predictor of global DNA methylation in dialysis patients. On‐line HDF could be associated with a favorable DNA methylation profile.
Aged care facilities and primary health‐care clinics provide appropriate settings for dietetic students to demonstrate individual case management clinical competence
Authors: Bacon Rachel , Williams Lauren , Grealish Laurie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to: (i) determine the ways in which non‐hospital placement settings are used for individual case management clinical placements in dietetic education and (ii) examine the extent to which students can develop individual case management clinical competencies in non‐hospital placement settings.MethodsA sequential mixed methods approach was used. Quantitative data were obtained from an online questionnaire conducted with placement coordinators from all 15 Australian universities with accredited dietetics programs. Qualitative data were obtained from a focus group with eight experienced clinical supervisors who had viewed 11 audiovisual recordings of student/dietitian encounters with clients in non‐hospital settings and assessed them against entry‐level competencies. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.ResultsPlacement coordinators from 10 of the 15 accredited universities responded, with most universities (8/10) using hospitals for the majority of their individual case management clinical placements. Seven of the ten universities used non‐hospital settings but only for a small proportion of students (≤25%) and for short durations (one to two weeks). The experienced clinical supervisors agreed that primary health‐care clinics and residential aged care facilities provided appropriate practice settings for student dietitians to demonstrate individual case management clinical competencies.ConclusionsTo align with the national health‐care agenda and workforce demands, this research supports the expansion of clinical placement settings to also include non‐hospital settings. The influence of context on competency development requires adjustments to be made for the nuanced practice differences in these settings.
Mapping active promoters by ChIP‐seq profiling of H3K4me3 in cichlid fish – a first step to uncover cis‐regulatory elements in ecological model teleosts
Authors: Kratochwil Claudius F. , Meyer Axel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEvolutionary alterations to cis‐regulatory sequences are likely to cause adaptive phenotypic complexity, through orchestrating changes in cellular proliferation, identity and communication. For nonmodel organisms with adaptive key innovations, patterns of regulatory evolution have been predominantly limited to targeted sequence‐based analyses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq) is a technology that has been primarily used in genetic model systems and is a powerful experimental tool to screen for active cis‐regulatory elements. Here, we show that it can also be used in ecological model systems and permits genomewide functional exploration of cis‐regulatory elements. As a proof of concept, we use ChIP‐seq technology in adult fin tissue of the cichlid fish Oreochromis niloticus to map active promoter elements, as indicated by occupancy of trimethylated Histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4me3). The fact that cichlids are one of the most phenotypically diverse and species‐rich families of vertebrates could make them a perfect model system for the further in‐depth analysis of the evolution of transcriptional regulation.