bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Discharge of Microplastics in Surface Runoff—Bucharest Case Study
Authors: Popa Cristina L. , Dontu Simona I. , Carstea Elfrida M. , Savastru Dan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlastic particles reach and accumulate the water systems through various routes, including dry/wet deposition or surface runoff. Considering that there are not many studies about the sources of microplastics (MPs) in surface runoff and their contribution to water systems, this study aims to estimate for the first time for a city in Romania (Bucharest) the sources and number of MPs that are discharged by surface runoff, by employing three different scenarios. Sources, such as traffic, artificial terrains, paints, and plasters, have been included in the analysis. Results show that surface runoff contains a number of at least 123,148 × 109 particles per year. Most MPs originate from tire wear and football fields. Also, after the wastewater treatment processes, surface runoff contributes with over 4.98 MPs L−1 to the receiving water body. A solution to reducing MPs in surface runoff is to develop an effective traffic management plan, with improved road surfaces or driving style.
Structural Health Monitoring of the Metallic Plate Using Guided Waves: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ismail Nurazima , Kamarul Anuar Kamilia Nur Syarah , Roslan Mohammad Ruzilan , Zohari Mohd Hafizi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStructural health monitoring is implemented to monitor the structural integrity of the structure. The guided wave technique is utilized to investigate the health status of the aluminum plate. The wave is actuated at 6 kHz using a PZT actuator and recorded using the optical fiber sensor. The wave is recorded on the intact plate at 2‐ and 4‐mm thickness. Three different defect depths are introduced on the 4 mm plate's thickness, and three different defect widths are introduced on the 2 mm plate's thickness. The recorded waves measured on the 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of the defect depths show a wave amplitude decrement of 72%, 84%, and 88%, respectively, compared to the wave amplitude of the intact plate. For the defect widths of 1, 1.5, and 2 cm, the decrement of the wave amplitude is 83%, 87%, and 94%, respectively. The severity of the structure can be monitored by the decrement of the wave amplitude. The finding shows that the guided wave approach is able to be utilized as one of the promising techniques to monitor the structural integrity of the metallic structure.
Syndiotactic Polystyrene/Poly(3‐Octyl Thiophene) Nanocomposite
Authors: Dhakar Gopal Lal , Malik Sudip 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmong five crystal modifications (α, β, γ, δ, and ε), the δ‐form of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) has attracted many researches because the δ‐form of sPS has the ability to adsorb guest molecules producing clathrate or intercalate co‐crystals of sPS. Herein, sPS‐poly(3‐octyl thiophene) (P3OT) composite has been developed with the expectation of formation of P3OT aggregates onto or into the ordered structures of sPS. Nanocomposites have been characterized by DSC, FT‐IR, XRD, and absorption studies. Thermal studies show a reduction of gel melting temperature in presence of P3OT. The interaction between sPS and P3OT has been investigated by FTIR and XRD studies. Absorption spectra reveal the aggregation of P3OT chains within the sPS matrix. AFM topology is revealing the formation of fibrillar morphology of composite ruling out the possibility macroscopic phase separation within nanocomposite and rheological studies show the enhancement of the strength of sPS–P3OT composite network as compared to sPS network.
Patient‐Specific Investigation of Bileaflet Mechanical Heart Valve Prosthesis Employing Additive Manufacturing Procedures and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Kladovasilakis Nikolaos , Charalampous Paschalis , Kostavelis Ioannis , Chatziantoniou Soumela , Triantafillou Dimitrios , Tzanakis George , Votis Konstantinos , Petsios Konstantinos , Tzetzis Dimitrios , Tzovaras Dimitrios 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAortic stenosis is a heart valve disease that comprises one of the most common valvular lesions worldwide that can obstruct blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body leading to a significant mortality rate. In the present study, a sophisticated approach concerning the inspection of patient‐specific human heart conditions is proposed utilizing advanced computational and manufacturing methodologies. The suggested method exploits Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data that are retrieved via a computerized tomography scan process, and the corresponding 3D digital model of the heart is computed. In the next phase, the design the construction of an appropriate mechanical aortic valve is conducted considering the patient anatomical characteristics, which are derived directly from the heart's 3D model. Hereupon, additive manufacturing technologies are employed to accurately feature the customizable geometry of the native aortic valve. In addition, several experimental tests are performed in order to calculate the optimal process‐related parameters; presenting that way a mechanical behavior that resembles the mechanical properties of commercial artificial heart valves. Both the physical and digital 3D models can be used by healthcare professionals to identify potential defects prior to the cardiovascular operation. Finally, a numerical simulation is developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, which has emerged as an effective tool to explore the heart's hemodynamics pinpointing the efficiency of the aortic valve replacement.
Adsorption of Carboxymethylcyclodextrins on Cationic Liposomes as a Route for Preparation of Capacious Nanocontainers for the Hydrophobic Molecules
Authors: Pigareva Vladislava , Gorbunova Elena , Dubinina Tatiana , Grozdova Irina , Melik‐Nubarov Nikolay , Simonenko Ekaterina , Sybachin Andrey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrostatic self‐assembly of anionic carboxymethyl cyclodextrins (CMCDs) on the surface of cationic liposomes is investigated. By means of laser microelectrophoresis, dynamic light‐scattering, and atomic force microscopy the structure and composition of interfacial complexes at lipid membrane‐water interphase are analyzed. Incorporation of hydrophobic molecules in CMCDs is studied by UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Liposomes decorated with CMCDs are shown to pose low cytotoxicity up to relatively high concentration – 1 mg mL‐1. The formation of host‐guest complexes between CMCDs and hydrophobic molecules did not affect the adsorption of CMCDs on the liposomal membrane. The electrostatic complexes are found to be stable at physiological ionic strength. Accumulation of CMCDs on cationic liposomes is the promising approach to create capacious nanocontainer for hydrophobic bioactive substances.
Assessing Climatic Stress in Vegetation: A Statistical‐Driven Approach to Predict Thermal “Degradation” Parameters via Passive Thermography
Authors: Ogut Ozge , De Finis Rosa , Tzortzi Nerantzia Julia , Lamanna Giuseppe , Bertolin Chiara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVertical green structures (VGS) increase green spaces in compact urban areas offering benefits as an improved thermal insulation of the building envelope, and a decrease of the Urban Heat Island effect. Efficient species selection and quantitative evaluation of species’ reaction to hygro‐thermal variations are needed to optimize VGS benefits. This study proposes a novel methodology to discriminate the thermal behavior between healthy and unhealthy leaves under hygrothermal stress. To this aim, the surface temperature on region of interests (ROIs) of target leaves of the Heuchera villosa species is measured using passive thermography (pIRT). Besides, an additively manufactured leaf is used as a reference shape for assessing geometrical changes between healthy and unhealthy leaves. The thermal data analysis procedure extracts a vegetative health index based on the third‐order centered momentum of thermal data distribution, encompassing temperature anomalies, and geometric variations. The study demonstrates high potential to be further extended to a data‐driven approach to automatically and non‐destructively detect the healthy and unhealthy status of vegetation in VGS by pIRT. The findings contribute to advancing understanding of vegetative responses to environmental stressors and provide insights for effective monitoring and management of VGS.
3D Printing Strategy in Manufacturing of Health Monitoring Devices
Authors: Ulmeanu Mihaela‐Elena , Doicin Cristian‐Vasile , Lamanna Giuseppe , Opran Constantin , Nițuică Pavel‐Mihai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe paper proposes a study regarding the influence of support structure parameters on customer targets for 3D printed bespoke health monitoring devices, specifically a wrist casing. The evolution of additive manufacturing for personalized medical devices needs a comprehensive understanding of the support structure parameters in respect to the anthropomorphic designs of these products. This study investigates how these specific parameters influence vital customer targets, which include time efficiency, cost optimization, surface roughness, fit, and overall patient compliance. Diverse configurations of the support parameters are analyzed, employing a methodology based on experimental evaluations. Overhang angle is found to directly correlate with print time and surface roughness, while support density exhibits a marked influence on cost implications and dimensional accuracy. Notably, variations in support pattern demonstrated discernible differences in the overall quality and cost‐efficiency of the printed devices.
Development of a Polymer‐Metal Hybrid Mold for Cold Plastic Deformation of Stainless Steel Thin Parts
Authors: Zaharia Cristin , Lazăr Marius‐Vali , Stochioiu Constantin , Gheorghe Marian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA hybrid mold is developed, with its structure including some components made of polymer, as a variant to a classical structure. This hybrid mold is destinated to manufacturing, by cold plastic deformation, of stainless steel thin parts, in particular of certain 0.1 mm thickness stainless steel bipolar plates (BPPs) from proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks. The mold conceptual and designed main data are revealed. Numerical simulation and analysis by a structural FEA method is applied. A general evaluation is unrolled, with the results referring to the technical – economic use of the developed hybrid mold.
Product Design Optimization Strategies for Metal Additive Manufacturing in Aerospace Applications
Authors: Vassallo Francesca , Opran Constantin Georghe , Lamanna Giuseppe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNumerical techniques are developed to generate innovative lightweight designs, difficult to obtain with traditional product manufacturing technologies. The use of advanced engineering design software makes it possible to generate un‐conventional geometries, combining a standard density‐based topology optimization approach with lattice structure‐based methods. Deep knowledge of modeling aspects is required to improve the topology optimization processes currently performed in aerospace applications, as well as to achieve design solutions suitably prepared for additive manufacturing technologies. In the present work, algorithms based on solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method are used to reduce the weight of parts by removing unnecessary material from the initial part design. Moreover, the integration of lattice structures in the topology optimization procedures allows for a further part weight reduction offering the possibility of exploiting the potentials of 3D printing in the fabrication of complex geometries.
Selection Criteria Based on KPIs for Redesigning of Components for Remanufacturing Purposes in Agricultural Machinery Field
Authors: Munno Mario , Beneduce Stefano , Lamanna Giuseppe , Caputo Francesco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCharacterized by a series of operations aimed at restoring the original performance of an industrial manufact, remanufacturing requires products to be designed and optimized to meet the requirements of this process. This article explores the integration of specific remanufacturing requirements in the context of the redesign and structural optimization of machine components. Based on the analysis of a study case remanufacturing process, conducted by a leading company in the field of agricultural machinery, the main objective of this work is to propose new remanufacturing evaluation indices and criteria for selecting components to be redesigned, based on these indices. The proposed key performance indicators (KPIs), expressed in terms of structural characteristics of assembly components such as incidence and failure rate, have been defined with the primary purpose of quantifying the weight in terms of quantity and mass of remanufactured components and assemblies against the overall industry production. This value can serve as the basis for choices and structural optimization operations, leading to increased efficiency in the remanufacturing process and, consequently, the correlated environmental and economic benefits. The indices described and proposed in this article, along with the approach taken, are intended to provide tools and guidelines to the industries to be used in the redesign phase of their products intended for remanufacturing.
Guided Waves Propagation in Additively Manufactured GF30‐PA6 Panel
Authors: De Luca Alessandro , Greco Alessandro , Rezazadeh Nima , Perfetto Donato , Aversano Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUltrasonic guided waves (UGWs) based structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are widely used in several engineering fields for real‐time damage detection, since they are particularly sensitive to material local changes, induced, i.e., by a damage. This paper aims to investigate on the use of SHM systems in additively manufactured laminate. Specifically, a flat panel made of XSTRAND GF30‐PA6 material, fabricated by Ultimaker S5 fused filament fabrication (FFF) based 3D printer, is used as a case study. Signals recorded by a piezoelectrics (PZTs) array are analyzed to highlight the dispersive behavior of symmetric, S0, mode along different measurement paths in the excitation frequency range of 100–300 kHz.
Long-term trends in abundance and recruitment of Shortnose Sturgeon in the Altamaha River, Georgia
Authors: Kleinhans Maxwell , Fox Adam G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to estimate the population size and annual recruitment of Shortnose Sturgeon Accipenser brevirostrum in the Altamaha River estuary in Georgia, United States, during an 11-year period. The Shortnose Sturgeon is an endangered fish species that occupies rivers on the east coast of North America. Previous studies have suggested that the Altamaha River supports the largest population of Shortnose Sturgeon in the southern United States; however, the status of the population has not been assessed in 11 years.

Methods
We used entanglement gears to capture Shortnose Sturgeon in the Altamaha River estuary, marked them, and used an established statistical method (closed-population capture–mark–recapture models) to annually estimate total population size and age-1 recruitment from 2012 to 2022.

Result
We were able to estimate the size of age-1 cohorts in 7 of the 11 years of data collection. Point estimates of annual age-1 recruitment varied between 113 and 1021 individuals, and total population size varied between 452 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 116–2277) and 5054 individuals (95% CI: 2155–13,267).

Conclusion
Recruitment of age-1 juveniles was variable, suggesting that reproduction success is inconsistent between years in the Altamaha River. The results of this study, in combination with previous work, do not show any clear trends in Altamaha River Shortnose Sturgeon population abundance or recruitment. The population seems to be stable, but in the absence of historical population numbers, it is unclear whether the population should be considered recovered or is stagnated in its recovery.
On the productivity and technical efficiency of the Puerto Rican queen conch Aliger gigas fishery
Authors: Agar Juan J. , Solís Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study examines the productivity and technical efficiency (TE) of diving operations that target queen conches Aliger gigas in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the largest producer of queen conches in the United States. Currently, there is a proposal to list queen conch as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

Methods
We use stochastic production frontier methods to investigate the relationship between catch and fishing inputs and the technical performance of diving operations.

Result
Our results show that the fleet could increase its catches, on average, by 30% (and, thus, increase its income) by using existing fishing inputs and technology more efficiently. We find that the potential to expand catches was slightly higher from increasing the crew size than from extending the length of the fishing trip. The study also finds considerable heterogeneity across coastal regions and operation sizes. Overall, operations on the east and west coasts and those having three or more crew members were more efficient. Operations that use a single gear and specialize on few species (revenue concentration) were associated with higher levels of TE. We also find that diving operations exhibit decreasing returns to scale.

Conclusion
The potential ESA listing of the queen conch poses a dilemma because increasing the efficiency of the fleet may continue to compromise the sustainability of the resource. While a threatened designation does not necessarily result in additional trade or harvest restrictions, further actions may be advisable given the many threats, such as overutilization, habitat loss, coastal pollution, and disruptive environmental change that queen conch populations face. Our model suggests that reducing the size of the crew and/or the length of the trip may increase efficiency, but these restrictions may not be advisable on safety grounds. Thus, management agencies may want to reassess existing trip limits and the length of the closed season and explore the use of closed areas.
Association of Baseline Depression and Anxiety with Longitudinal Health Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Shi Yiwen , Dobkin Roseanne , Weintraub Daniel , Cho Hyunkeun R. , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea , Bock Meredith , Brown Ethan , Aarsland Dag , Dahodwala Nabila 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety and depression are common non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) but remain under‐recognized and under‐treated.ObjectivesTo evaluate functional outcomes associated with baseline anxiety or depression and effects related to the initiation of new psychiatric treatment.MethodsWe analyzed 7 years of data from patients with de novo PD enrolled in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. Longitudinal regression models evaluated the association between baseline anxiety and depression with Schwab and England (SE) and MDS‐UPDRS total scores over time. Cox proportional hazard models assessed effects of baseline anxiety and depression on time to initiation of dopaminergic therapy. Piecewise linear regression models examined the association of treatment initiation for anxiety and depression with SE and MDS‐UPDRS.Results490 participants with baseline depression and anxiety data were included. Anxiety and depression were associated with lower SE (anxiety: β = −1.31, P = 0.038, depression: β = −1.96, P = 0.012, co‐morbid: β = −2.70, P = 0.003) and higher MDS‐UPDRS scores (anxiety: β = 5.37, P < 0.001, depression: β = 9.17, P < 0.001, co‐morbid: β = 10.50, P < 0.001) longitudinally. Anxiety was associated with faster time to dopamine replacement therapy initiation (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03–1.66, P = 0.03). 16 participants with anxiety initiated treatment for anxiety, which was associated with subsequent lower levodopa daily dose (slope change = −218.49, P = 0.018). 10 participants with depression initiated treatment of depression, which was associated with reduced MDS‐UPDRS total scores (slope change = −8.3, P < 0.001) and higher SE scores (slope change = 5.99, P = 0.004).ConclusionsAnxiety and depression at PD onset are associated with multiple negative longitudinal trajectories. However, preliminary findings suggest that anxiety and depression treatment may be linked with improved motor and non‐motor outcomes.
Pathologically Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease Presenting as Clinical Parkinson's Disease, A Case Report
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Nahid , Wu Chuang‐Kuo , Donahue John E. , Friedman Joseph H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that rare cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology may cause corticobasal or posterior cortical atrophy syndromes, and that cases with advanced AD may develop parkinsonism. However, reports of parkinsonism as an initial manifestation of AD have rarely been documented.ObjectivesTo demonstrate that a syndrome meeting all criteria for a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) may be an initial and years‐long sustained manifestation of pathologically confirmed AD.MethodsClinico‐pathological case.ResultsWe present a case with a 12‐year clinical presentation consistent with a typical course of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, including dementia developing 6 years after the PD diagnosis. The patient improved, but only mildly, to standard treatment for PD motor symptoms. The neuropathological examination identified AD changes, and no evidence to support a concomitant diagnosis of PD.ConclusionsThe absence of alpha‐synucleinopathy, coupled with the patient's dementia history and AD changes in neuropathological examination, indicated the diagnosis of AD and no supplementary explanation. Neuronal loss with neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brainstem, substantia nigra, and locus coeruleus likely contributed to Parkinsonism features.
Effects of Maternal Diet on Infant Health: A Review Based on Entero‐Mammary Pathway of Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Sun Qiaoyu , Zhou Qingqing , Ge Sitong , Liu Lingli , Li Ping , Gu Qing 
Published: June 2024

ScopeThe microbes in breast milk are critical for the early establishment of infant gut microbiota and have important implications for infant health. Breast milk microbes primarily derive from the migration of maternal intestinal microbiota. This review suggests that the regulation of maternal diet on gut microbiota may be an effective strategy to improve infant health.Methods and resultsThis article reviews the impact of breast milk microbiota on infant development and intestinal health. The close relationship between the microbiota in the maternal gut and breast through the entero‐mammary pathway is discussed. Based on the effect of diet on gut microbiota, it is proposed that changing the maternal dietary structure is a new strategy for regulating breast milk microbiota and infant intestinal microbiota, which would have a positive impact on infant health.ConclusionBreast milk microbes have beneficial effects on infant development and regulation of the immune system. The mother's gut and breast can undergo certain bacterial migration through the entero‐mammary pathway. Research has shown that intervening in a mother's diet during breastfeeding can affect the composition of the mother's gut microbiota, thereby regulating the microbiota of breast milk and infant intestines, and is closely related to infant health.