bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying patron time-use of a public library
Authors: Shepherd John , Vardy Kaitlyn , Wilson Allan 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This paper summarizes a time-diary study of a Canadian public library that estimated the hours spent by patrons using library facilities and circulated collections during a month. The purpose of this paper is to convert conventional library statistics into a metric more understandable to external stakeholder groups: time.

Design/methodology/approach
– Paper-based time-diaries collected data on the patron use of circulated library materials throughout the loans cycle and exit surveys measured the duration of branch visits. This data along with gate and circulation statistics were used to estimate hours of patron residency in library branches and the time spent consuming borrowed materials.

Findings
– Patrons used the services, facilities and collections of Prince George Public Library’s Bob Harkins branch for an estimated 182,000 hours during August 2013. Over 90 per cent of use occurred offsite through the consumption of circulated materials by diarists and secondary use of borrowed items by their families and friends.

Practical implications
– Conventional statistics understate the utilization of public library resources as most of their use occurs outside the library branches, a different usage pattern than for other municipal services. This study suggests that all library use is potentially measurable using a single metric, hours of patron use. The value of a time metric, once methodologically sound, is its usefulness as a measure of library performance and its convertibility in dollars of direct value using contingent valuation methodology.

Originality/value
– Time-diary methodology collected patron time-use data on public library circulated materials. The paper demonstrates the potential of patron time-use as a metric of library performance. Hours of patron use appear convertible into dollars of benefit using contingent valuation research.
What do acquisition activities really cost? A case study in Estonian university libraries
Authors: Kont Kate-Riin 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to mainly find out how well is time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) suits for a university library setting in Estonia. For this purpose, all activities related to acquisitions process were identified and recorded in detail, and the cost of all these activities related to acquisition process in Estonian university libraries based on the example of the TDABC method were anlyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data used in this paper is based on a review of relevant literature to provide an overview of the concept of the different cost accounting methods suitable for the measurement of the acquisition process. Through a case study, conducted among Estonian university libraries, the TDABC approach was used to analyze the acquisition process in university libraries. More specifically, the acquisition process studied concerned print format books, audiovisual documents and sheet music, and covered acquisition processes such as receipt of orders, ordering documents, communication with bookshop (if necessary), receiving documents and communication with the customer.

Findings
– On the basis of the current study it can be said the TDABC methodology seems to be one of the best tools for understanding cost behavior and for refining a cost system for university libraries. While analyzing the results, it appeared that the difference in time and cost for acquiring a document can be remarkable and concerns both – acquiring foreign documents (documents from other countries) and acquiring domestic documents, and between the university libraries chosen for the current study.

Originality/value
– The subject of cost accounting as a performance measurement method is in general an unexplored field in Estonian university libraries. Time guidelines for acquiring the documents were, however, quite common in the 1980s in the USSR, including Estonia. Soviet-wide regulatory documents were issued on all library work processes, but each library could still implement their own rules. In the 1990s, the regulations were consigned to oblivion. Very few cost surveys involving different library activities have been carried out in Estonia and none have been published. Where such studies have been conducted, the results remain for internal use only.
How are leaf mechanical properties and water‐use traits coordinated by vein traits? A case study in Fagaceae
Authors: Kawai Kiyosada , Okada Naoki 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Leaf venation is a key trait determining leaf water relations, phloem transport and mechanical stability. However, since the contribution of leaf veins to mechanical properties has not been properly understood, our understanding of how leaf vein architecture adjusts these functions within leaves and across species as well as its mechanistic basis is also limited. Here, we tested the hypotheses that leaf water‐use and mechanical properties would be more correlated with lower‐ and higher‐order vein density (VLA), respectively.

We studied eight Fagaceae species growing in temperate forests in Japan and differing in secondary vein patterns, leaf habits, size and natural habitat. We quantified two leaf water‐use traits [lamina hydraulic conductance (Klamina) and carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13 C)], two mechanical properties [lamina tensile strength and tensile modulus of elasticity (E)] and nine traits relating to both vein architecture and leaf structure.

Across species, primary and secondary vein density (VLA1·2) correlated positively to lamina strength and leaf structural traits (leaf area and leaf mass per area) but not to water use. In contrast, minor vein density (VLAmin) correlated to Klamina positively but not to mechanical properties and leaf structural traits. Water‐use traits and mechanical properties were independent on both area and mass basis.

Our results indicate that there is labour sharing in leaf functions among higher‐ and lower‐order veins, that VLA1·2 influences leaf structural and mechanical properties and that VLAmin affects leaf water use and, thus, potentially the gas exchange capacity. These findings suggest that vein hierarchy is associated with functional differentiation among vein orders to support leaf functions. This system possesses different vein orders that are quantitatively and qualitatively different within leaves to carry out multiple functions. Therefore, the evolutionary or accumulative shift in vein hierarchy might explain the variation in leaf structure and functions.
Male sexually coercive behaviour drives increased swimming efficiency in female guppies
Authors: Killen Shaun S. , Croft Darren P. , Salin Karine , Darden Safi K. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Sexual coercion of females by males is widespread across sexually reproducing species. It stems from a conflict of interest over reproduction and exerts selective pressure on both sexes. For females, there is often a significant energetic cost of exposure to male sexually coercive behaviours.

Our understanding of the efficiency of female resistance to male sexually coercive behaviour is key to understanding how sexual conflict contributes to population level dynamics and ultimately to the evolution of sexually antagonistic traits.

Overlooked within this context are plastic physiological responses of traits within the lifetime of females that could moderate the energetic cost imposed by coercive males. Here, we examined whether conflict over the frequency and timing of mating between male and female guppies Poecilia reticulata can induce changes in swimming performance and aerobic capacity in females as they work to escape harassment by males.

Females exposed to higher levels of harassment over a 5‐month period used less oxygen to swim at a given speed, but displayed no difference in resting metabolic rate, maximal metabolic rate, maximal sustained swimming speed or aerobic scope compared to females receiving lower levels of harassment.

The observed increase in swimming efficiency is at least partially related to differences in swimming mechanics, likely brought on by a training effect of increased activity, as highly harassed females spent less time performing pectoral fin‐assisted swimming.

Sexual conflict results in sexually antagonistic traits that impose a variety of costs, but our results show that females can reduce costs through phenotypic plasticity. It is also possible that phenotypic plasticity in swimming physiology or mechanics in response to sexual coercion can potentially give females more control over matings and affect which male traits are under selection.
Facilitation and the niche: implications for coexistence, range shifts and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Bulleri Fabio , Bruno John F. , Silliman Brian R. , Stachowicz John J. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Viewing facilitation through the lens of the niche concept is one way to unify conceptual and empirical advances about the role of facilitation in community ecology.

We clarify conceptually and through examples from marine and terrestrial environments how facilitation can expand species’ niches and consider how these interactions can be scaled up to understand the importance of facilitation in setting a species’ geographic range. We then integrate the niche‐broadening influence of facilitation into current conceptual areas in ecology, including climate change, diversity maintenance and the relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning.

Because facilitation can influence the range of physical conditions under which a species can persist, it has the potential to mitigate the effects of climate change on species distributions. Whereas facilitation has mostly been considered as a diversity‐promoting interaction by ameliorating abiotic stresses, if facilitated species’ niches expand and become less distinct as a result of habitat amelioration, the forces that maintain diversity and promote coexistence in regions or habitats dominated by the facilitator could be reduced (i.e. the sign of the effects of facilitation on populations could be species‐specific). Finally, shifting or broadening ecological niches could alter the relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning.

A niche‐based perspective on the effects of facilitation can foster a greater mechanistic understanding of the role played by facilitation in regulating species coexistence, range shifts and ecosystem functioning in a changing world.
Abnormally invasive placenta—prevalence, risk factors and antenatal suspicion: results from a large population‐based pregnancy cohort study in the Nordic countries
Authors: Thurn L , Lindqvist PG , Jakobsson M , Colmorn LB , Klungsoyr K , Bjarnadóttir RI , Tapper AM , Børdahl PE , Gottvall K , Petersen KB , Krebs L , Gissler M , Langhoff‐Roos J , Källen K 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe objective was to investigate prevalence, estimate risk factors, and antenatal suspicion of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) associated with laparotomy in women in the Nordic countries.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.Setting and populationA 3‐year Nordic collaboration among obstetricians to identify and report on uterine rupture, peripartum hysterectomy, excessive blood loss, and AIP from 2009 to 2012 The Nordic Obstetric Surveillance Study (NOSS).MethodsIn the NOSS study, clinicians reported AIP cases from maternity wards and the data were validated against National health registries.Main outcome measuresPrevalence, risk factors, antenatal suspicion, birth complications, and risk estimations using aggregated national data.ResultsA total of 205 cases of AIP in association with laparotomy were identified, representing 3.4 per 10 000 deliveries. The single most important risk factor, which was reported in 49% of all cases of AIP, was placenta praevia. The risk of AIP increased seven‐fold after one prior caesarean section (CS) to 56‐fold after three or more CS. Prior postpartum haemorrhage was associated with six‐fold increased risk of AIP (95% confidence interval 3.7–10.9). Approximately 70% of all cases were not diagnosed antepartum. Of these, 39% had prior CS and 33% had placenta praevia.ConclusionOur findings indicate that a lower CS rate in the population may be the most effective way to lower the incidence of AIP. Focused ultrasound assessment of women at high risk will likely strengthen antenatal suspicion. Prior PPH is a novel risk factor associated with an increased prevalence of AIP.Tweetable abstractAn ultrasound assessment in women with placenta praevia or prior CS may double the awareness for AIP.
Invasive bark beetle‐associated microbes degrade a host defensive monoterpene
Authors: Xu Le‐Tian , Lu Min , Sun Jiang‐Hua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractConifers respond to herbivore attack with defensive chemicals, which are toxic to both insects and their associated microorganisms. Microorganisms associated with insects have been widely reported to metabolize toxic chemicals, which may help both microorganisms and host insects overcome host conifer defense. Dendroctonus valens LeConte, an introduced exotic pest from North America to China, has killed millions of healthy pines. Alpha‐pinene is the most abundant defensive monoterpene in Chinese Pinus tabuliformis. Although microorganisms associated with D. valens have already been investigated, little is known about their bioactivities when encountering host defensive monoterpenes. In this study, we evaluated the influences of different concentrations of α‐pinene to D. valens and the three most frequently isolated yeasts and bacteria of D. valens, and further assayed microorganisms’ capabilities to degrade α‐pinene. Results showed that the gallery lengths and body weight changes of bark beetles were significantly affected by 6 mg/mL and 12 mg/mL of α‐pinene applied in media compared to controls. The tolerance of experimental microorganisms to α‐pinene varied depending on the microbial species. Two out of three yeast strains and all three bacterial strains degraded 20%–50% of α‐pinene compared to controls in 24 h in vitro. The microorganisms capable of α‐pinene degradation in vitro and their tolerance to high levels of α‐pinene suggested that D. valens‐associated microorganisms may help both microorganisms and the bark beetle overcome host α‐pinene defense.
Post‐Transplantation Immunoadsorption Can Be Withheld in ABO‐Incompatible Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: de Weerd Annelies E , van Agteren Madelon , Ijzermans Jan NM , Weimar Willem , Betjes Michiel GH 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAfter ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation, postoperative plasma exchange (PE) or immunoadsorption (IA) is performed per protocol or depending on postoperative A/B‐titers to prevent acute rejection. However, the need for postoperative PE or IA is not known. Since 2006, 30 consecutive patients received three standard postoperative IAs. Starting from 2009, the last 46 patients received only preoperative IA. Preoperative desensitization consisted of rituximab, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone and intravenous immunoglobulins. Antigen‐specific IA was performed pre‐operatively with the Glycosorb device. Biopsy‐proven acute rejections either antibody‐mediated (AMR) or mixed cellular and antibody‐mediated (MAR) within 3 months were recorded. The postoperative titer in patients with postoperative IA did not exceed 1:16 (IgG 1:4 [<2–16] median and range). The postoperative IgG titer was not significantly different after abandoning postoperative IA, although three patients had titers of 1:32 and one patient even 1:128. Rejections tended to be more frequent in the group with postoperative IA: 6 AMR and 3 MAR were recorded in 30 patients, vs. 4 AMR and 1 MAR in the 46 patients without postoperative IA (30 vs. 11%, P = 0.067). Baseline characteristics differed however: in the group with postoperative IA the vast majority had blood group O (87 vs. 52%, P = 0.003). Also, the IgG titer on the day of transplantation was higher (1:4 [<2–16] vs. 1:2 [<2–32], P = 0.007). All 14 patients with AMR and MAR rejections had postoperative IgG titers ≤1:16. Postoperative removal of A/B‐antibodies can be safely removed from the ABOi transplantation protocol using strict preoperative criteria for antibody lowering.
The integration of action research and traditional field research to provide sustainable solutions to maintaining periurban agriculture
Authors: Bousbaine Antonia D. , Bryant Christopher R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMaintaining periurban agriculture and prime periurban farmland has become a leitmotiv in land use planning and management around many cities in North America and Western Europe since the 1960s. This article focuses on the changing perspectives associated with these planning and management initiatives as well as changing research approaches. Initially, periurban farmland was often seen by planners as a land reserve for urban development. Subsequently, concern was expressed about maintaining the prime agricultural land resource via farmland protection programmes, especially in North America in the 1960s and 1970s. Early research into periurban agriculture involved statistical analyses of farmland losses and changing agricultural production systems, and farmer interviews to identify pressures and opportunities facing periurban agriculture. Gradually, it became clear that maintaining farmland resources and farm activities required more than just ‘protecting’ them from urbanisation. Two types of initiatives developed: (1) the construction of agricultural development plans to ensure sustainable farm development, e.g. in Quebec since 2008, in France since the mid‐1970s and more recently in Wallonia (Belgium) in 2014; and (2) a change in the research approach to support periurban agricultural sustainability. While still using interviews with farmers and other actors, more important is the emergence of action research to provide support to farmers, their neighbours, elected officials and professionals in developing agricultural development plans, with the aim of achieving a better integration of periurban agriculture into the regional urban system. This paper develops this reasoning using research in Canada, France, and principally Belgium to illustrate the argument.
Response to crizotinib in a squamous cell lung carcinoma patient harbouring echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4‐anaplastic lymphoma translocation: A case report
Authors: Wang Wenxian , Song Zhengbo , Zhang Yiping 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSquamous cell lung cancer (SCC) presenting with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation is rare. We present a case of ALK gene translocation‐SCC in which a remarkable tumor response to crizotinib was achieved after the failure of prior chemoradiotherapy. Considering this remarkable response, we conclude that ALK testing in female non‐smokers or in any patient unresponsive to the initial regimen of chemotherapy, is recommended for SCC patients.
Recognizing false positives: synthetic oligonucleotide controls for environmental DNA surveillance
Authors: Wilson Chris C. , Wozney Kristyne M. , Smith Caleigh M. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used for surveillance and detection of species of interest in aquatic and soil samples.

A significant risk associated with eDNA methods is potential false‐positive results due to laboratory contamination.

To minimize and quantify this risk, we designed and validated a set of synthetic oligonucleotides for use as species‐specific positive PCR controls for several high‐profile aquatic invasive species.

The controls consist of species‐specific sequences for the species of interest, with the addition of a synthetic insert containing recognition sites for several restriction enzymes.

Following PCR, the presence of the synthetic insert can be detected using gel electrophoresis, restriction enzyme digests or DNA sequencing. For quantitative PCR (qPCR), false positives in environmental samples can also be detected using a fluorescent probe designed to detect the synthetic insert.

The generation of synthetic controls is a cost‐effective, reproducible method that increases the power and reliability of eDNA testing by eliminating misinterpretation of false‐positive results from laboratory contamination.
Changes in neuronal CycD/Cdk4 activity affect aging, neurodegeneration, and oxidative stress
Authors: Icreverzi Amalia , de la Cruz Aida Flor A. , Walker David W. , Edgar Bruce A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryMitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in human diseases, including cancer, and proposed to accelerate aging. The Drosophila Cyclin‐dependent protein kinase complex cyclin D/cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 (CycD/Cdk4) promotes cellular growth by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we examine the neurodegenerative and aging consequences of altering CycD/Cdk4 function in Drosophila. We show that pan‐neuronal loss or gain of CycD/Cdk4 increases mitochondrial superoxide, oxidative stress markers, and neurodegeneration and decreases lifespan. We find that RNAi‐mediated depletion of the mitochondrial transcription factor, Tfam, can abrogate CycD/Cdk4's detrimental effects on both lifespan and neurodegeneration. This indicates that CycD/Cdk4's pathological consequences are mediated through altered mitochondrial function and a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species. In support of this, we demonstrate that CycD/Cdk4 activity levels in the brain affect the expression of a set of ‘oxidative stress’ genes. Our results indicate that the precise regulation of neuronal CycD/Cdk4 activity is important to limit mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and prevent neurodegeneration.
Liberal alcohol legislation: does it amplify the effects among Swiss men of person‐related risk factors on heavy alcohol use?
Authors: Foster Simon , Held Leonhard , Estévez Natalia , Gmel Gerhard , Mohler‐Kuo Meichun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo estimate the statistical interactions between alcohol policy strength and the person‐related risk factors of sensation‐seeking, antisocial personality disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder related to heavy alcohol use.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingYoung Swiss men living within 21 jurisdictions across Switzerland.ParticipantsA total of 5701 Swiss men (mean age 20 years) participating in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C‐SURF).MeasurementsOutcome measures were alcohol use disorder (AUD) as defined in the DSM‐5 and risky single‐occasion drinking (RSOD). Independent variables were sensation‐seeking, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and an index of alcohol policy strength.FindingsAlcohol policy strength was protective against RSOD [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91 (0.84–0.99)], while sensation‐seeking and ASPD were risk factors for both RSOD [OR = 1.90 (1.77–2.04); OR = 1.69 (1.44–1.97)] and AUD [OR = 1.58 (1.47–1.71); OR = 2.69 (2.30–3.14)] and ADHD was a risk factor for AUD [OR = 1.08 (1.06–1.10)]. Significant interactions between alcohol policy strength and sensation‐seeking were identified for RSOD [OR = 1.06 (1.01–1.12)] and AUD [OR = 1.06 (1.01–1.12)], as well as between alcohol policy strength and ASPD for both RSOD [OR = 1.17 (1.03–1.31)] and AUD [OR = 1.15 (1.02–1.29)]. These interactions indicated that the protective effects of alcohol policy strength on RSOD and AUD were lost in men with high levels of sensation‐seeking or an ASPD. No interactions were detected between alcohol policy strength and ADHD.ConclusionStronger alcohol legislation protects against heavy alcohol use in young Swiss men, but this protective effect is lost in individuals with high levels of sensation‐seeking or having an antisocial personality disorder.