bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of adhesive penetration in wood bond by means of scanning thermal microscopy (SThM)
Authors: Xu Deliang , Zhang Yang , Zhou Handong , Meng Yujie , Wang Siqun 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The penetration characteristics of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin, modified by two different nanomaterials (PFmod), has been studied by means of scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). The thermal conductivity (ThC) of the two PFmod was lower than that of the cell wall (CW), but the ThC of both PF resins was basically the same. SThM imaging revealed the penetration of parts of PFmod into the CW by a ThC transitional region, which exists between the CW and the resin. In the transitional zone, the ThC changed obviously in a region about 2 μm in width. This region includes two subregions, one about 0.7 μm and another 1.3 μm in width. The first one is the interface, where PFmod and the CW are in direct contact where the ThC changes rapidly. In the second subregion, the PFmod and CW are in interaction, and ThC changes slowly. Regarding the adhesives’ penetration into the cell lumen, the ThC of the penetrating adhesive was higher than that in the glue line, and this is an indication that SThM is a useful tool to detect the differences of adhesive penetration at the micro-scale level.
Statins as Pleiotropic Modifiers of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Psarros Costas , Economou Evangelos K. , Koutsilieris Michael , Antoniades Charalambos 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world and in the future is expected to be the number one killer worldwide. The main cause underlying CVD is atherosclerosis. A key event in atherosclerosis initiation and progression is oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species as well as endothelial dysfunction. Several pro- inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and proteins are involved in this process, complemented by activation of adhesion molecules that promote leukocyte rolling, tethering and infiltration into the sub-endothelial space. Statins represent the agent of choice since numerous clinical trials have verified that their pharmacological action extends beyond lipid lowering. Statins demonstrate direct anti-oxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and stimulating anti-oxidant enzymes while acting as regulators for cytokine, protein and adhesion molecule expression, all of which are involved in the atherosclerotic process. Statin use is considered one of the most efficient currently used interventions in managing CVD with the likely hood of remaining so in the near future.
New records of anthozoan species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Hexacorallia) for the Turkish Straits System
Authors: Barış Özalp H. , Suat Ateş A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This study includes new records of soft corals found in the Turkish Straits System (Dardanelles) between 2013-2014. In the above-mentioned area, 50 stations were searched by scientific divers from the intertidal zone to a depth of over 45 m and the ecological characteristics with substrate differences were also recorded. A total of 47 cnidarians were examined during the surveys. Eleven anthozoan species (Aiptasia mutabilis, Alcyonium acaule, Andresia parthenopea, Calliactis parasitica, Cereus pedunculatus, Condylactis aurantiaca, Epizoanthus couchii, Maasella edwardsi, Pteroeides spinosum, Sarcodictyon roseum, Veretillum cynomorium) belonging to 4 orders are new to the Dardanelles strait, one of which is reported from the Marmara Sea. The current data contributed to the advancement of the knowledge about anthozoan species in the Turkish Seas.
Composition and seasonal changes in filamentous algae in floating mats
Authors: Pikosz Marta , Messyasz Beata 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The occurrence of algal-cyanobacterial metaphyton mats in field (Konojad village) and artificial ponds (Poznań city) was investigated in the Wielkopolska region. The surface area of algal mats ranged between ca. 45% (natural pond) and 10% (artificial pond) of the total water surface, and the mats occurred from the water surface to the bottom; the algal diversity was similar in both types of ponds, i.e. about 10 taxa. The most frequently recorded and dominant taxa in small water bodies were: Spirogyra spp., Cladophora fracta in the artificial pond and Oedogonium spp., Cladophora rivularis in the natural pond. The dynamics of macroalgae demonstrated a pattern comprising different phases of taxa dominance. For example, April regarded as the first phase was characterized by a small amount of metaphyton, represented by Tribonema and Ulothrix taxa. In May, these species disappeared and were replaced by: Oedogonium spp. and Cladophora spp. which formed large aggregations in the field pond, and Spirogyra spp. which abundantly proliferated in the artificial pond. From June, however, Oedogonium and/or Cladophora significantly dominated in the mat structure and at the same time covered a large area of the water surface. The algal community was dominated by common algal taxa, among which single filaments of other taxa could also occur.
Characterization of a mineral coating of the plant Dyerophytum indicum
Authors: Chernyshev Anatoly , Melghit Khaled 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The mineral coating of Dyerophytum indicum Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae) was analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods. Its composition was found to be similar to those of the carbonate mixtures isolated from rotting cacti and speleothems. The coating consisted of three major phases (monohydrocalcite, nesquehonite, and calcite), a minor phase of hydromagnesite, and traces of silica and sylvite. This is the first time that the occurrence of monohydrocalcite, nesquehonite, and hydromagnesite in a living higher plant has been reported. A possible mechanism of the formation of the coating is also discussed.
Rapid progression of Staphylococcus lugdunensis mechanical prosthetic valve endocarditis
Authors: Naji Darwish I. , Pak Alexander , Lawless Jamie , Main Michael L. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A 66-year-old woman with a remote history of mitral valve replacement (mechanical bileaflet valve) due to rheumatic heart disease presented with symptoms consistent with infectious endocarditis. Subsequent blood cultures grew Staphylococcus lugdunensis. A transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated large vegetations on the atrial aspect of the mitral valve, with a Doppler derived mean pressure gradient of 13 mmHg (Fig. 1 and Video 1). Appropriate i.v. antibiotics were initiated and a surgical consultation was obtained. A second transesophageal echocardiogram was performed 6 days later after she developed acute respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary edema, requiring mechanical ventilation (Video 2). This examination revealed a significant increase in size of the mitral vegetations, with the largest measuring 2.2 cm in maximum dimension, with new complete obstruction of one mechanical leaflet, and with dense spontaneous echo contrast secondary to prosthetic mitral valve obstruction. She subsequently underwent urgent open heart surgery and redo mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. Valve obstruction due to large vegetations occurs rarely with infectious endocarditis and is more common with prosthetic (in comparison with native) valves (1, 2, 3). Serial transesophageal echocardiography imaging was helpful in diagnosing this life-threatening complication
Nested Levels of Adaptive Divergence: The Genetic Basis of Craniofacial Divergence and Ecological Sexual Dimorphism
Authors: Parsons Kevin J , Wang Jason , Anderson Graeme , Albertson R Craig 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Exemplary systems for adaptive divergence are often characterized by their large degrees of phenotypic variation. This variation represents the outcome of generations of diversifying selection. However, adaptive radiations can also contain a hierarchy of differentiation nested within them where species display only subtle phenotypic differences that still have substantial effects on ecology, function, and ultimately fitness. Sexual dimorphisms are also common in species displaying adaptive divergence and can be the result of differential selection between sexes that produce ecological differences between sexes. Understanding the genetic basis of subtle variation (between certain species or sexes) is therefore important for understanding the process of adaptive divergence. Using cichlids from the dramatic adaptive radiation of Lake Malawi, we focus on understanding the genetic basis of two aspects of relatively subtle phenotypic variation. This included a morphometric comparison of the patterns of craniofacial divergence between two ecologically similar species in relation to the larger adaptive radiation of Malawi, and male–female morphological divergence between their F2 hybrids. We then genetically map craniofacial traits within the context of sex and locate several regions of the genome that contribute to variation in craniofacial shape that is relevant to sexual dimorphism within species and subtle divergence between closely related species, and possibly to craniofacial divergence in the Malawi radiation as a whole. To enhance our search for candidate genes we take advantage of population genomic data and a genetic map that is anchored to the cichlid genome to determine which genes within our QTL regions are associated with SNPs that are alternatively fixed between species. This study provides a holistic understanding of the genetic underpinnings of adaptive divergence in craniofacial shape.
Using Bayesian Multilevel Whole Genome Regression Models for Partial Pooling of Training Sets in Genomic Prediction
Authors: Technow Frank , Totir L Radu 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Training set size is an important determinant of genomic prediction accuracy. Plant breeding programs are characterized by a high degree of structuring, particularly into populations. This hampers the establishment of large training sets for each population. Pooling populations increases training set size but ignores unique genetic characteristics of each. A possible solution is partial pooling with multilevel models, which allows estimating population-specific marker effects while still leveraging information across populations. We developed a Bayesian multilevel whole-genome regression model and compared its performance with that of the popular BayesA model applied to each population separately (no pooling) and to the joined data set (complete pooling). As an example, we analyzed a wide array of traits from the nested association mapping maize population. There we show that for small population sizes (e.g., &lt;50), partial pooling increased prediction accuracy over no or complete pooling for populations represented in the training set. No pooling was superior; however, when populations were large. In another example data set of interconnected biparental maize populations either partial or complete pooling was superior, depending on the trait. A simulation showed that no pooling is superior when differences in genetic effects among populations are large and partial pooling when they are intermediate. With small differences, partial and complete pooling achieved equally high accuracy. For prediction of new populations, partial and complete pooling had very similar accuracy in all cases. We conclude that partial pooling with multilevel models can maximize the potential of pooling by making optimal use of information in pooled training sets.
Reconstruction of Genome Ancestry Blocks in Multiparental Populations
Authors: Zheng Chaozhi , Boer Martin P , van Eeuwijk Fred A 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a general hidden Markov model framework called reconstructing ancestry blocks bit by bit (RABBIT) for reconstructing genome ancestry blocks from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data, a required step for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. The framework can be applied to a wide range of mapping populations such as the Arabidopsis multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC), the mouse Collaborative Cross (CC), and the diversity outcross (DO) for both autosomes and X chromosomes if they exist. The model underlying RABBIT accounts for the joint pattern of recombination breakpoints between two homologous chromosomes and missing data and allelic typing errors in the genotype data of both sampled individuals and founders. Studies on simulated data of the MAGIC and the CC and real data of the MAGIC, the DO, and the CC demonstrate that RABBIT is more robust and accurate in reconstructing recombination bin maps than some commonly used methods.
EU merger review of the acquisition of non-controlling minority shareholdings: where to now?
Authors: Montag Frank , Wilks Mary 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
On 9 July 2014, the European Commission (the Commission) published its White Paper “Towards more effective EU merger control”, which reviewed the operation of the EU Merger Regulation (EUMR) ten years after the introduction of the substantive test of “significant impediment to substantial competition” (SIEC) and proposed certain specific improvements, including the review of non-controlling minority interests under the EUMR. The 2014 White Paper followed approximately one year of consultation with Member States and interested parties, and was accompanied by a Staff Working Document, which analyses in more detail the considerations underlying the policy proposals in the 2014 White Paper, and an Impact Assessment, which analyses the potential benefits and costs of the various policy options considered.
Less than six months after the consultation on the 2014 White Paper closed, Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager indicated that the Commission is reconsidering its proposals to allow it to review the acquisition of non-controlling minority shareholdings under the EUMR. This decision has been welcomed by many in the business and legal community as the “targeted transparency system” proposed by the Commission had raised a number of concerns regarding proportionality, legal certainty, cost and administrative burden.
Whilst we await the Commission’s next move, this article considers whether non-controlling minority shareholdings should be subject to EU merger control and the extent to which the Commission’s originally envisaged system adequately dealt with the issues it sought to address. This article also proposes a number of principles that the authors suggest should be taken into account when designing a balanced system of merger review for acquisitions of non-controlling minority shareholdings in which the burden of the additional review is proportionate to the goals pursued.
Zusammenschlüsse „unter dem Radar“: Zur Verfolgungsverjährung bei Verstößen gegen das Vollzugsverbot der deutschen Fusionskontrolle
Authors: von Schreitter Florian 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Verstöße gegen das Vollzugsverbot der deutschen Fusionskontrolle ziehen – ebenso wie Kartellverstöße oder andere Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen – ordnungswidrigkeitenrechtliche Folgen nach sich. Aus Unternehmenssicht birgt dieser Umstand nicht nur aufgrund der finanziellen Folgen der Sanktionierung, sondern insbesondere aufgrund der „Langlebigkeit“ der entsprechenden staatlichen Eingriffsmöglichkeit. Denn nach derzeit vorherrschender Auffassung ist der Verstoß gegen das Vollzugsverbot ein Dauerdelikt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt sich dieser bislang kaum diskutierten Auffassung entgegen.
Acción surrealista y medios de intervención. El surrealismo en las revistas, 1919 – 1929
Authors: Mañero Rodicio Javier 
Published: June 2015

Las revistas son elementos imprescindibles del complejo entramado surrealista. Aun siendo hoy perfectamente conocidas y ampliamente utilizadas en los estudios sobre aquel movimiento, caben todavía, muy particularmente en lengua española, análisis centrados específicamente en el conjunto de aquellas publicaciones. Tal es el objetivo del presente estudio, aplicado a establecer un relato articulado del devenir del surrealismo, siempre al hilo de los avatares editoriales y la descripción detallada de las revistas. En esta su primera entrega se aborda la década en la que el surrealismo, inserto en el ambiente dadaísta, se forma alrededor de la revista <em>Littérature</em> y madura en <em>La Révolution surrealiste</em>. El conflictivo <em>Segundo manifiesto del surrealismo </em>cierra este periodo en 1929.
La presencia del gigante en el ciclo amadisiano: Un paradigma antroponímico caballeresco
Authors: Coduras Bruna María 
Published: June 2015

<p>Resumen</p> <p>El gigante o jayán es un tipo constante en los libros de caballerías. Simbolizando la desmesura, la soberbia y la brutalidad, representa el mal y se opone al caballero, arquetípicamente virtuoso. En esta ocasión, nos proponemos analizar su presencia en el ciclo amadisiano para, desde él, extraer una poética antroponímica propia de la raza gigantea extensible a todo el género caballeresco.</p> <p>Palabras clave: Gigante, antroponimia, libros de caballerías, ciclo amadisiano.</p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>The giant or <em>jayán</em> is a constant type in romance of chivalry. Symbolizing savageness, arrogance and brutality, represents evil, opposite the knight, vitue’s archetype. On this occasion, we analyze the giant’s presence in the Amadisian cycle, deducing an anthroponimic poetics of giants extensible to all of the chivalric genre.</p> <p>Key words: Giant, anthroponymy, chivalric romances, Amadisian cycle.</p>
Efeito da estocagem de massas congeladas nos parâmetros colorimétricos de pães tipo forma adicionados de ingredientes funcionais
Authors: Zambelli Rafael Audino , Pinto Luan Ícaro Freitas , Chinelate Gerla Castello Branco , Torres Lucicléia Barros de Vasconcelos , Pontes Dorasílvia Ferreira 
Published: June 2015

<p>O presente teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da estocagem congelada de massas por até 60 dias nos parâmetros colorimétricos de pães tipo forma. Foram desenvolvidas 7 formulações de pães tipo forma, uma padrão, sema adição de ingredientes funcionais e as contendo as combinações dos ingredientes açaí em pó/polidextrose, brócolis em pó/polidextrose e tomate em pó/polidextrose nas proporções de 5% e 10% cada. Através de análise de cor instrumental foram avaliados os parâmetros de luminosidade (L), cromaticidades a* e b*, o croma (C*) e o ângulo de tonalidade (h°) do miolo dos pães nos tempos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias. Para a formulação padrão, a luminosidade apresentou redução de 77,38 a 69,43, houve redução na cromaticidade a* e ângulo de tonalidade, já a cromaticidade b* e croma apresentaram elevação em função do tempo de estocagem. Para as formulações contendo ingredientes funcionais, o comportamento foi semelhante, os pães tiveram menor luminosidade quando comparada à padrão, à medida do tempo de estocagem, pela degradação dos pigmentos houve elevação deste parâmetro. A cromaticidade a* e o ângulo de tonalidade foram reduzidos ao longo da estocagem, com exceção das formulações incorporadas com brócolis em pó, onde o ângulo de tonalidade aumentou. A cromaticidade b* e o croma apresentaram aumento durante o período estudado. Concluiu-se que o tempo de estocagem congelada das massas promoveu variações nos parâmetros colorimétricos do miolo de pães tipo forma. </p>
Evaluation of the Use of Powdered Activated Carbon in Membrane Bioreactor for the Treatment of Bleach Pulp Mill Effluent
Authors: Amaral Míriam C. S. , Lange Liséte C. , Borges Cristiano P. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT: In this paper, the use of powered activated carbon (PAC) in membrane bioreactor (MBR) employed in the treatment of bleach pulp mill effluents was evaluated. The MBR was operated with hydraulic residence time of 9.5 h and PAC concentration of 10 g/L. The addition of PAC to the MBR reduced the average concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the permeate from 215 mg/L (82% removal efficiency) to 135 mg/L (88% removal efficiency), producing an effluent that can be reused on bleaching stage. Moreover, the addition of PAC to the MBR resulted in the reduction in applied pressure and provided a more stable operation during the monitoring period. This occurrence was probably due to the increase of critical flux after the addition of PAC. The fouling mechanism was investigated and the results showed that controlling the concentration of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) by using PAC and keeping the operational flux below critical flux is of major importance for MBR operational sustainability.
Antibiotic Resistance inAeromonasUpstream and Downstream of a Water Resource Recovery Facility
Authors: Cisar Cindy R. , Henderson Samantha K. , Askew Maegan L. , Risenhoover Hollie G. , McAndrews Chrystle R. , Kennedy S. Dawn , Paine C. Sue 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT: Aeromonas strains isolated from sediments upstream and downstream of a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) over a two‐year time period were tested for susceptibility to 13 antibiotics. Incidence of resistance to antibiotics, antibiotic resistance phenotypes, and diversity (based on resistance phenotypes) were compared in the two populations. At the beginning of the study, the upstream and downstream Aeromonas populations were different for incidence of antibiotic resistance (p < 0.01), resistance phenotypes (p < 0.005), and diversity. However, these differences declined over time and were not significant at the end of the study. These results (1) indicate that antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas in stream sediments fluctuates considerably over time and (2) suggest that WRRF effluent does not, when examined over the long term, affect antibiotic resistance in Aeromonas in downstream sediment.
Characteristics of Micro‐Nano Bubbles and Potential Application in Groundwater Bioremediation
Authors: Li Hengzhen , Hu Liming , Song Dejun , Lin Fei 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT: Content of oxygen in water is a critical factor in increasing bioremediation efficiency for contaminated groundwater. Micro‐nano bubbles (MNBs) injection seems to be an effective technique for increasing oxygen in water compared with traditional air sparging technology with macrobubbles. Micro‐nano bubbles have larger interfacial area, higher inner pressure and density, and lower rising velocity in water, superior to that of macrobubbles. In this paper, MNBs with diameters ranging from 500 nm to 100 μm are investigated, with a specific focus on the oxygen mass transfer coefficient from inner bubbles to surrounding water. The influence of surfactant on the bubbles formation and dissolution is studied as well. The stability of MNBs is further investigated by means of zeta potential measurements and rising velocity analysis. The results show that MNBs can greatly increase oxygen content in water. Higher surfactant concentration in water will decrease the bubbles size, reduce the dissolution rate, and increase the zeta potential. Moreover, MNBs with greater zeta potential value tend to be more stable. Besides, the low rising velocity of MNBs contributes to the long stagnation in water. It is suggested that micro‐nano bubble aeration, a potential in groundwater remediation technology, can largely enhance the bioremediation effect.