bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of ruminant urine and faeces in the recycling of nutrients by forages
Authors: Kao Pei-Tzu , McGrath Steve P. , Buss Heather L. , Darch Tegan , Warren Helen E. , McAuliffe Graham A. , Cardenas Laura , Blackwell Martin , Lee Michael R. F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the effect of using animal excreta on the nutritional content of forages, focusing on macro- and micro-element concentrations (nitrogen; N, phosphorus; P, sulphur; S, copper; Cu, zinc; Zn, manganese; Mn, selenium; Se) from animal feed to excreta, soil, and plants. Data were collected from pot and field trials using separate applications of sheep or cattle urine and faeces. Key findings indicate that soil organic carbon (SOC) and the type of excreta significantly influences nutrient uptake by forages, with varied responses among the seven elements defined above. Although urine contributes fewer micronutrients compared to faeces (as applied at a natural volume/mass basis, respectively), it notably improves forage yield and micronutrient accumulation, thus potentially delivering positive consequences at the farm level regarding economic performance and soil fertility when swards upon clayey soil types receive said urine in temperate agro-climatic regions (i.e., South West England in the current context). In contrast, faeces application in isolation hinders Se and Mn uptake, once again potentially delivering unintended consequences such as micronutrient deficiencies in areas of high faeces deposition. As it is unlikely that (b)ovine grazing fields will receive either urine or faeces in isolation, we also explored combined applications of both excreta types which demonstrates synergistic effects on N, Cu, and Zn uptake, with either synergistic or dilution effects being observed for P and S, depending largely on SOC levels. Additionally, interactions between excreta types can result in dilution or antagonistic effects on Mn and Se uptake. Notably, high SOC combined with faeces reduces Mn and Se in forages, raising concerns for grazed ruminant systems under certain biotic situations, e.g., due to insufficient soil Se levels typically observed in UK pastures for livestock growth. These findings underscore the importance of considering SOC and excreta nutritional composition when designing forage management to optimize nutrient uptake. It should be noted that these findings have potential ramifications for broader studies of sustainable agriculture through system-scale analyses, as the granularity of results reported herein elucidate gaps in knowledge which could affect, both positively and negatively, the interpretation of model-based environmental impact assessments of cattle and sheep production (e.g., in the case of increased yields [beneficial] or the requirement of additional synthetic supplementation [detrimental]).
Implicit bias and experience influence overall but not relative trustworthiness judgment of other-race faces
Authors: Cheung Olivia S. , Quimpo Nathan J. , Smoley James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImpressions of trustworthiness are formed quickly from faces. To what extent are these impressions shared among observers of the same or different races? Although high consensus of trustworthiness evaluation has been consistently reported, recent studies suggested substantial individual differences. For instance, negative implicit racial bias and low contact experience towards individuals of the other race have been shown to be related to low trustworthiness judgments for other-race faces. This pre-registered study further examined the effects of implicit social bias and experience on trustworthiness judgments of other-race faces. A relatively large sample of White (N = 338) and Black (N = 299) participants completed three tasks: a trustworthiness rating task of faces, a race implicit association test, and a questionnaire of experience. Each participant rated trustworthiness of 100 White faces and 100 Black faces. We found that the overall trustworthiness ratings for other-race faces were influenced by both implicit bias and experience with individuals of the other-race. Nonetheless, when comparing to the own-race baseline ratings, high correlations were observed for the relative differences in trustworthiness ratings of other-race faces for participants with varied levels of implicit bias and experience. These results suggest differential impact of social concepts (e.g., implicit bias, experience) vs. instinct (e.g., decision of approach-vs-avoid) on trustworthiness impressions, as revealed by overall vs. relative ratings on other-race faces.
Morphological classification of neurons based on Sugeno fuzzy integration and multi-classifier fusion
Authors: He Fuyun , Li Guanglian , Song Haixing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to extract more important morphological features of neuron images and achieve accurate classification of the neuron type, a method is proposed that uses Sugeno fuzzy integral integration of three optimized deep learning models, namely AlexNet, VGG11_bn, and ResNet-50. Firstly, using the pre-trained model of AlexNet and the output layer is fine-tuned to improve the model’s performance. Secondly, in the VGG11_bn network, Global Average Pooling (GAP) is adopted to replace the traditional fully connected layer to reduce the number of parameters. Additionally, the generalization ability of the model is improved by transfer learning. Thirdly, the SE(squeeze and excitation) module is added to the ResNet-50 variant ResNeXt-50 to adjust the channel weight and capture the key information of the input data. The GELU activation function is used to better fit the data distribution. Finally, Sugeno fuzzy integral is used to fuse the output of each model to get the final classification result. The experimental results showed that on the Img_raw, Img_resample and Img_XYalign dataset, the accuracy of 4-category classification reached 98.04%, 91.75% and 93.13%, respectively, and the accuracy of 12-category classification reached 97.82%, 85.68% and 87.60%, respectively. The proposed method has good classification performance in the morphological classification of neurons.
Exploring cell death mechanisms in spheroid cultures using a novel application of the RIP3-caspase3-assay
Authors: Philippi C. I. , Hagens J. , Heuer K. M. , Schmidt H. C. , Schuppert P. , Pagerols Raluy L. , Trochimiuk M. , Li Z. , Bunders M. J. , Reinshagen K. , Tomuschat C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores the application of the RIP3-caspase3-assay in heterogeneous spheroid cultures to analyze cell death pathways, emphasizing the nuanced roles of apoptosis and necroptosis. By employing directly conjugated monoclonal antibodies, we provide detailed insights into the complex mechanisms of cell death. Our findings demonstrate the assay’s capability to differentiate between RIP1-independent apoptosis, necroptosis, and RIP1-dependent apoptosis, marking a significant advancement in organoid research. Additionally, we investigate the effects of TNFα on isolated intestinal epithelial cells, revealing a concentration-dependent response and an adaptive or threshold reaction to TNFα-induced stress. The results indicate a preference for RIP1-independent cell death pathways upon TNFα stimulation, with a notable increase in apoptosis and a secondary role of necroptosis. Our research underscores the importance of the RIP3-caspase3-assay in understanding cell death mechanisms in organoid cultures, offering valuable insights for disease modeling and the development of targeted therapies. The assay’s adaptability and robustness in spheroid cultures enhances its potential as a tool in personalized medicine and translational research.
Preparation, characterization and antioxidant and anticancerous potential of Quercetin loaded β-glucan particles derived from mushroom and yeast
Authors: Trivedi Rashmi , Upadhyay Tarun Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstractβ-glucans are polysaccharides found in the cell walls of various fungi, bacteria and cereals. β-glucan have been found to show various kinds of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic antioxidant and anticancerous activities. In the present study, we have isolated β-glucan from the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and tested their antioxidant potential and anticancerous activity against prostate cancer cell line PC3. Particles were characterized with zeta sizer and further with FTIR that confirmed that the isolated particles are β-glucan and alginate sealing made slow and sustained release of the Quercetin from the β-glucan particles. Morphological analysis of the hollow and Quercetin loaded β-glucan was performed with the SEM analysis and stability was analyzed with TGA and DSC analysis that showed the higher stability of the alginate sealed particles. Assessments of the antioxidant potential showed that Quercetin loaded particles were having higher antioxidant activity than hollow β-glucan particles. Cell viability of the PC3 cells was examined with MTT assay and it was found that Quercetin loaded alginate sealed Agaricus bisporus derived β-glucan particles were having lowest IC50. Further ROS generation was found to increase in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis detection was carried out with Propidium iodide and AO/EtBr staining dye which showed significant death in the cells treated with higher concentration of the particles. Study showed that particles derived from both of the sources were having efficient anticancer activity and showing a dose dependent increase in cell death in PC3 cells upon treatment.
Impact of perioperative COVID-19 infection on postoperative complication in cesarean section using Korean National Health insurance data
Authors: Kim Hyo Jin , Ahn EunJin , Kim Gunn Hee , Noh Ji-Hyun , Bang Si Ra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe vulnerability during pregnancy has raised concerns about the potential impact of COVID-19 on obstetric anesthesia, an essential aspect of maternal care during cesarean section procedures. To evaluate the influence of COVID-19 infection on obstetric anesthesia during cesarean section, we analyzed the data from Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS). This retrospective study utilized data from Korean NHIS. We included patients admitted with operation codes specific to cesarean section between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. We classified patients into a COVID (+) group with a diagnosis code (U071) 30 days around surgery and a COVID (−) group without the code in the same period. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality that was defined as death within 30 days of admission due to any causes. Secondary outcomes were pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS], pulmonary thromboembolism [PTE], or unexpected postoperative mechanical ventilation), ICU admission, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction [MI], other thromboembolic events, surgical site infection, sepsis, acute renal failure [ARF], and hepatic failure. Among 75,268 patients who underwent cesarean section, 107 had a COVID-19 diagnosis code, while 75,161 did not. After 1:4 propensity score matching (PSM), 535 patients were included in each group. 30-day mortality showed no significant differences between the two groups both before and after PSM. The COVID (+) group demonstrated significantly elevated rates of pneumonia, ARDS, PTE, and surgical site infection both before and after PSM. Hospital length of stay and admission costs were also significantly longer and higher, respectively, in the COVID (+) group before and after PSM. In subgroup analysis, no differences were observed in mortality and postoperative complications based on the anesthesia method after matching. COVID-19 infection is associated with increased rates of postoperative complications, including pneumonia, ARDS, PTE, surgical site infection, longer hospital stays, and increased admission costs, in patients who underwent cesarean section.
The glycine-rich domain of GRP7 plays a crucial role in binding long RNAs and facilitating phase separation
Authors: Lühmann Kim Lara , Seemann Silja , Martinek Nina , Ostendorp Steffen , Kehr Julia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroscale thermophoresis (MST) is a well-established method to quantify protein-RNA interactions. In this study, we employed MST to analyze the RNA binding properties of glycine-rich RNA binding protein 7 (GRP7), which is known to have multiple biological functions related to its ability to bind different types of RNA. However, the exact mechanism of GRP7’s RNA binding is not fully understood. While the RNA-recognition motif of GRP7 is known to be involved in RNA binding, the glycine-rich region (known as arginine-glycine-glycine-domain or RGG-domain) also influences this interaction. To investigate to which extend the RGG-domain of GRP7 is involved in RNA binding, mutation studies on putative RNA interacting or modulating sites were performed. In addition to MST experiments, we examined liquid–liquid phase separation of GRP7 and its mutants, both with and without RNA. Furthermore, we systemically investigated factors that might affect RNA binding selectivity of GRP7 by testing RNAs of different sizes, structures, and modifications. Consequently, our study revealed that GRP7 exhibits a high affinity for a variety of RNAs, indicating a lack of pronounced selectivity. Moreover, we established that the RGG-domain plays a crucial role in binding longer RNAs and promoting phase separation.
Play partner preferences among groups of unfamiliar juvenile male rats
Authors: Ham Jackson R. , Pellis Sergio M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLike many mammals, as juveniles, rats engage in play fighting, which in the laboratory is typically studied in dyads, and consequently, it is the researcher who determines a rat’s play partner. In real-life conditions, a rat would have many partners with whom to play. In a previous study, we found that rats do prefer to play with some individuals more than others, and surprisingly, when given the choice, unfamiliar partners are preferred to familiar ones. In this study, we assessed partner choice when all the available partners are strangers. Eight groups of six unfamiliar juvenile male rats were observed for 10 min play trials. One of the six in each group was selected as the ‘focal’ rat and his play towards, and received by, the others were scored. Social networks revealed that five of the eight groups formed preferences, with preferred partners also engaging in more play with the focal rat. The mechanism by which these preferences were formed remains to be determined, but it seems that there are individual differences, potentially in the amount and style of play, that allow an individual to select the most suitable partner from a group of strangers.
Performance of four different microalgae-based technologies in antibiotics removal under multiple concentrations of antibiotics and strigolactone analogue GR24 administration
Authors: Huang Jing , Wang Zhengfang , Zhao Chunzhi , Yang Huayun , Niu Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe formation of symbionts by using different combinations of endophytic bacteria, microalgae, and fungi to purify antibiotics-containing wastewater is an effective and promising biomaterial technology. As it enhances the mixed antibiotics removal performance of the bio-system, this technology is currently extensively studied. Using exogenous supplementation of various low concentrations of the phytohormone strigolactone analogue GR24, the removal of various antibiotics from simulated wastewater was examined. The performances of Chlorella vulgaris monoculture, activated sludge–C. vulgaris–Clonostachys rosea, Bacillus licheniformis–C. vulgaris–C. rosea, and endophytic bacteria (S395-2)–C. vulgaris–C. rosea co-culture systems were systematically compared. Their removal capacities for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline antibiotics from simulated wastewater were assessed. Chlorella vulgaris–endophytic bacteria–C. rosea co-cultures achieved the best performance under 0.25 mg L−1 antibiotics, which could be further enhanced by GR24 supplementation. This result demonstrates that the combination of endophytic bacteria with microalgae and fungi is superior to activated sludge–B. licheniformis–microalgae–fungi systems. Exogenous supplementation of GR24 is an effective strategy to improve the performance of antibiotics removal from wastewater.
Millimeter wave negative refractive index metamaterial antenna array
Authors: Aziz Rao Shahid , Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a novel negative refractive index metamaterial (NIM) is developed and characterized. The proposed metamaterial exhibits negative effective permittivity (εeffe) and negative effective permeability (µeffe) at millimeter wave frequency of 28 GHz. This attractive feature is utilized to enhance the gain of a microstrip patch antenna (MPA). Two thin layers of 5 × 5 subwavelength unit cell array of NIM are placed above a single MPA to enhance the gain of the antenna. Each unit cell has an area of 3.4 × 3.4 mm2. A gain increase of 7.9 dBi has been observed when using the proposed NIM as a superstrate. Furthermore, the NIM array is placed over a 2 × 2 array of MPAs with four ports to demonstrate versatility of the metamaterial. The total size of the 2 × 2 antenna array system with N-MTM is about 61.1 × 34 × 16mm3(5.71λ × 3.18λ × 1.5λ, whereλis the free-space wavelength at 28 GHz). The measurement result indicate that the maximum gain of the antenna array is 13.5dBi. A gain enhancement of 7.55 dB in E-Plane and 7.25 dB in H-Plane at the resonant frequency of 28 GHz is obtained. The proposed antenna structure is suitable for 5G millimeter wave communications, in particular, for possible implementation in future millimeter wave access points and cellular base stations.
Digital biomarkers for non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: the state of the art
Authors: Janssen Daalen Jules M. , van den Bergh Robin , Prins Eva M. , Moghadam Mahshid Sadat Chenarani , van den Heuvel Rudie , Veen Jeroen , Mathur Soania , Meijerink Hannie , Mirelman Anat , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. , Evers Luc J. W. , Bloem Bastiaan R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDigital biomarkers that remotely monitor symptoms have the potential to revolutionize outcome assessments in future disease-modifying trials in Parkinson’s disease (PD), by allowing objective and recurrent measurement of symptoms and signs collected in the participant’s own living environment. This biomarker field is developing rapidly for assessing the motor features of PD, but the non-motor domain lags behind. Here, we systematically review and assess digital biomarkers under development for measuring non-motor symptoms of PD. We also consider relevant developments outside the PD field. We focus on technological readiness level and evaluate whether the identified digital non-motor biomarkers have potential for measuring disease progression, covering the spectrum from prodromal to advanced disease stages. Furthermore, we provide perspectives for future deployment of these biomarkers in trials. We found that various wearables show high promise for measuring autonomic function, constipation and sleep characteristics, including REM sleep behavior disorder. Biomarkers for neuropsychiatric symptoms are less well-developed, but show increasing accuracy in non-PD populations. Most biomarkers have not been validated for specific use in PD, and their sensitivity to capture disease progression remains untested for prodromal PD where the need for digital progression biomarkers is greatest. External validation in real-world environments and large longitudinal cohorts remains necessary for integrating non-motor biomarkers into research, and ultimately also into daily clinical practice.
More urbanization, more polarization: evidence from two decades of urban expansion in China
Authors: Hu Yi’na , Connor Dylan Shane , Stuhlmacher Michelle , Peng Jian , Turner II B. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article examines whether the patterns of urbanization in China over the past twenty years have resulted in a more balanced or increasingly polarized city size distribution. China is an important study area due to the immense scale of its urbanization and the substantial role of its planners in coordinating and striving for more balanced development patterns. This study utilizes measures of the spatial and temporal characteristics of built-up area (BUA) expansion across 23 urban agglomerations in China, focusing on size dynamics through the urban primacy index and Pareto exponent. The BUA within these 23 UAs increased by 280.90% in the study period. Coastal urban agglomerations were larger in size at baseline and maintained relatively high annual growth rates compared to inland agglomerations, indicating rising polarization. Changes within agglomerations were indicative of declining polarization, as evidenced by the reduction in the urban primacy index and the increase of Pareto exponent. Policies implemented to achieve enhanced urbanization coordination in China appear to be partially successful, but the growth of urban regions with existing large size continues to fuel uneven urban development and polarization.
The Story of Methane
Authors: Ozin Geoffrey A , Ye Jessica 
Published: July 2024

Small molecules cause big problems in our modern world. Methane is the second most abundant greenhouse gas and the principal component of natural gas. It is currently squeezing the Earth, challenging our long-term survival. But, can it be reimagined and repurposed to play a constructive role in a future sustainable economy?
This book explores the contradictory nature of methane, since it is a potent greenhouse gas, but has the potential to play an important role in the energy transition towards a sustainable global economy. Are we crushing it? In that we can and must transform methane into a clean fuel, feedstock or hydrogen carrier for the green economy. Or is methane crushing it? Our one world will soon be crushed by methane and other molecules if we are either unable or unwilling to transform methane fast enough to save ourselves and the planet.
Written by distinguished scientists, this book appeals to a broad spectrum of academic and industrial communities, as well as the public and policy makers with an interest in how this small molecule, consisting of just five atoms, has had such a profound impact.
Facile synthesis and antifungal evaluation of hypervalent organoantimony(iii) and organobismuth(iii) thioates with tridentate C,N,C-coordinating ligands
Authors: Wang Zixiu , Huang Yan , Deng Dandan , Li Shan , Yu Yimei , Ye Yifei , Chen Yi , Lei Jian 
Published: July 2024

A series of C,N,C-chelated organoantimony and -bismuth thioates were prepared as potential antifungal agents against C. albicans through an additive-free synthesis starting from thiols or a DTT-mediated cross-coupling with disulfides.