bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia in young patients with ischaemic stroke
Authors: Kellert L. , Kloss M. , Pezzini A. , Metso T. M. , Metso A. J. , Debette S. , Leys D. , Caso V. , Thijs V. , Bersano A. , Touzé E. , Tatlisumak T. , Gensicke H. , Lyrer P. A. , Bösel J. , Engelter S. T. , Grond‐Ginsbach C. ,   the Cervical Artery Dissection Ischaemic Stroke Patients (CADISP) study group
Published: February 2015

Background and purposeTo investigate the association of anemia on admission with ischaemic stroke (IS), stroke severity and early functional outcome in patients with cervical artery dissection (CeAD) or with IS of other causes (non‐CeAD‐IS patients).MethodsThe study sample comprised all patients from the Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischaemic Stroke Patients (CADISP) study without pre‐existing disability and with documentation of stroke severity and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on admission. Anemia was classified as mild (Hb < 12 g/dl in women and Hb < 13 g/dl in men) or moderate to severe (Hb < 10 g/dl in women and Hb < 11 g/dl in men). Stroke severity on admission was assessed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Outcome after 3 months was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS‐3mo). Unfavorable outcome was defined as mRS‐3mo ≥ 3.ResultsAmongst 1206 study patients (691 CeAD and 515 non‐CeAD), 87 (7.2%) had anemia, which was moderate to severe in 18 (1.5%) patients. Anemia was associated with female sex in both study samples, but no further associations with risk factors or comorbidities were observed. In CeAD patients, anemia was associated with occurrence of stroke (P = 0.042). In both study samples, anemic patients had more severe strokes (CeAD, P = 0.023; non‐CeAD, P = 0.005). Functional outcome was not associated with anemia in general, but moderate to severe anemia was significantly associated with unfavorable outcome (P = 0.004).ConclusionAnemia on admission was associated with stroke in CeAD patients and with more severe strokes in both study samples. Moderate to severe anemia may predict unfavorable outcome.
Staphylococcal α‐toxin induces a functional upregulation of TLR‐2 on human peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Niebuhr Margarete , Schorling Kartinka , Heratizadeh Annice , Werfel Thomas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractResistance to bacterial skin infections, for example with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is based on the function of intact innate immune mechanisms. Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2 recognizes components of S. aureus and is known to be expressed on monocytes. Staphylococcal exotoxins such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or α‐toxin are produced by many S. aureus strains. To investigate TLR‐2 regulation and function on human monocytes upon stimulation with staphylococcal exotoxins to elucidate a putative feedback loop between different staphylococcal components. Monocytes were stimulated with α‐toxin or SEB, respectively. TLR‐2 expression and regulation as well as functional effects of TLR‐2 stimulation with Pam3Cys (TLR‐2/TLR‐1), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (TLR‐2/TLR‐6) and peptidoglycan (PGN) (TLR‐2 and Nod) were then investigated both at the mRNA and protein level and compared to monocytes from patients with psoriasis. α‐toxin significantly upregulated TLR‐2 expression. TLR‐2 mediated IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion was significantly augmented after upregulation with staphylococcal exotoxins. CD36 expression was significantly more downregulated after TLR‐2 upregulation with SEB and consecutive LTA stimulation and TLR‐2 upregulation with α‐toxin following LTA and PGN stimulation, respectively. PGN enhanced CD54 expression after upregulation of the receptor with α‐toxin. Expression of HLA‐DR was unaffected. However, no differences were observed in monocytes from psoriasis patients compared to healthy controls. Together, our findings provide a new link between staphylococcal α‐toxin and TLR‐2 signalling in monocytes which may have implications for skin diseases where skin colonization with S. aureus and dysregulation of TLR‐2 have been described.
The topical corticosteroid classification called into question: towards a new approach
Authors: Humbert Philippe , Guichard Alexandre 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVasoconstrictor assay described in 1962 was an interesting assessment of potency of topical corticosteroids at the beginning of these new therapies, however knowledge and technology have evolved and the classification should follow. A topical corticosteroids with a strong vasoconstrictor effect, as determined by vasoconstrictor assay, has not necessary a strong anti‐inflammatory effect. Therefore a specific classification adapted to the therapeutic target is needed to be more efficient and thus reduce side effects and corticophobia.
The yeast ζ‐crystallin/NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase (Zta1p) is under nutritional control by the target of rapamycin pathway and is involved in the regulation of argininosuccinate lyase mRNA half‐life
Authors: Crosas Eva , Sumoy Lauro , González Eva , Díaz Maykelis , Bartolomé Salvador , Farrés Jaume , Parés Xavier , Biosca Josep Antoni , Fernández María Rosario 
Published: February 2015

The yeast ζ‐crystallin (Zta1p) is a quinone oxidoreductase belonging to the ζ‐crystallin family, with activity in the reduction of alkenal/alkenone compounds. Various biological functions have been ascribed to the members of this protein family, such as their ability to interact specifically with AU‐rich sequences in mRNA, and thus they have been proposed to act as AU‐rich element‐binding proteins (AREBPs). In this study, we evaluated the specificity of Zta1p for RNA versus DNA by means of a novel nonisotopic method for the in vitro quantitative detection of protein·RNA complexes. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis, we found that the lack of Zta1p negatively affects the expression of a group of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, the argininosuccinate lyase (ARG4) gene being one of them. Here, we propose that Zta1p participates in the post‐transcriptional regulation of ARG4 expression by increasing the ARG4 mRNA half‐life. In addition, expression of the ζ‐crystallin gene (ZTA1) is itself regulated by nutrient availability through the general amino acid control and target of rapamycin pathways. Our results shed new light on the ζ‐crystallin family members from yeast to humans as stress response proteins with a bifunctional role in the detoxification of alkenal and alkenone compounds, and the regulation of gene expression.
Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition enhances carbon sequestration in boreal soils
Authors: Maaroufi Nadia I. , Nordin Annika , Hasselquist Niles J. , Bach Lisbet H. , Palmqvist Kristin , Gundale Michael J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is proposed that carbon (C) sequestration in response to reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition in boreal forests accounts for a large portion of the terrestrial sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions. While studies have helped clarify the magnitude by which Nr deposition enhances C sequestration by forest vegetation, there remains a paucity of long‐term experimental studies evaluating how soil C pools respond. We conducted a long‐term experiment, maintained since 1996, consisting of three N addition levels (0, 12.5, and 50 kg N ha−1 yr−1) in the boreal zone of northern Sweden to understand how atmospheric Nr deposition affects soil C accumulation, soil microbial communities, and soil respiration. We hypothesized that soil C sequestration will increase, and soil microbial biomass and soil respiration will decrease, with disproportionately large changes expected compared to low levels of N addition. Our data showed that the low N addition treatment caused a non‐significant increase in the organic horizon C pool of ~15% and a significant increase of ~30% in response to the high N treatment relative to the control. The relationship between C sequestration and N addition in the organic horizon was linear, with a slope of 10 kg C kg−1 N. We also found a concomitant decrease in total microbial and fungal biomasses and a ~11% reduction in soil respiration in response to the high N treatment. Our data complement previous data from the same study system describing aboveground C sequestration, indicating a total ecosystem sequestration rate of 26 kg C kg−1 N. These estimates are far lower than suggested by some previous modeling studies, and thus will help improve and validate current modeling efforts aimed at separating the effect of multiple global change factors on the C balance of the boreal region.
Application of a process‐based model for predicting the productivity of Eucalyptus nitens bioenergy plantations in Spain
Authors: González‐García Marta , Almeida Auro C. , Hevia Andrea , Majada Juan , Beadle Chris 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe feasibility of using plantation‐grown biomass to fuel bioenergy plants is in part dependent on the ability to predict the capacity of surrounding forests to maintain a sustainable supply. In this study, the potential productivity of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden plantations grown for bioenergy in a region of north‐west Spain was quantified using the 3‐PG process‐based model. The model was calibrated using detailed measurements from five permanent sample plots and validated using data from thirty‐five additional permanent sample plots; both sets represented the variability of climate and soils of the region. Plot scale analysis showed that the model was able to reasonably estimate above‐ground biomass and water use when compared with the observed data. Using a representative loam soil characteristic, a spatial analysis was then carried out to predict the potential productivity of E. nitens for bioenergy across a potential area for plantation establishment of 2550 km2 and to evaluate different management scenarios related to rotation length and stocking. An increase of only 1.9% in mean annual increment (MAI) of above‐ground biomass (WAGB) was found between stockings of 3000 and 5000 trees ha−1; for the lower stocking, MAI of WAGB increased 4% for rotation lengths between 6 and 8 years. Production was reduced by low summer rainfall and to a lesser extent by high summer and low winter temperatures, and vapour pressure deficit. Above‐ground biomass production was higher by around 12% when average rather than actual climate data were applied. The information from this study can be used to optimize forest management, determine regional relative potential productivity and contribute to decision‐making for bioenergy production from E. nitens plantations in north‐west Spain.
Can argillaceous formations isolate nuclear waste? Insights from isotopic, noble gas, and geochemical profiles
Authors: Hendry M. J. , Solomon D. K. , Person M. , Wassenaar L. I. , Gardner W. P. , Clark I. D. , Mayer K. U. , Kunimaru T. , Nakata K. , Hasegawa T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThere is considerable interest in the use of thick argillaceous geologic formations to contain nuclear waste. Here, we show that diffusion can be the controlling transport process in these formations and diffusional time scales for δ18O and δ2H in water, dissolved He, and Cl transport in shale‐dominated aquitards are typically over 106 years, well exceeding the regulatory requirements for isolation in most countries. Our scientific understanding of diffusive solute transport processes through argillaceous formations would benefit from the application of additional isotopic tracers (e.g., using new 4He sampling technology), multidimensional diffusive‐dispersive modeling of groundwater flow and diffusive‐dispersive solute transport over long geologic time scales, and an improved understanding of spatial heterogeneity as well as time‐dependent changes in the subsurface conditions and properties of argillaceous formations in response to events such as glaciation. Based on our current isotopic and geochemical understanding of transport, we argue that argillaceous formations can provide favorable long‐term conditions for isolating nuclear wastes.
Deep venous thrombosis was not detected after total knee arthroplasty in Japanese patients with haemophilia
Authors: Takedani H. , Ohnuma K. , Hirose J. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryCombined thrombo‐prophylaxis with mechanical and pharmacological methods is recommended in patients undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty. As patients with ‘untreated inherited bleeding disorders such as haemophilia’ are at risk of bleeding, no prophylaxis has been prescribed for these patients. However, a retrospective study reported subclinical deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in 10% of patients with haemophilia undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of DVT after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We examined 38 TKA in 33 Japanese patients with haemophilia using ultrasonography. We did not detect DVT. The risk of DVT in patients with haemophilia after TKA may be lower than that in the general population. However, as patients with haemophilia progress in age, venous thromboembolism should be considered as a potential problem.
High incidence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma‐like B‐cell lymphoproliferations with EBV latency profile 2 in children with interleukin‐2‐inducible T‐cell kinase deficiency
Authors: Bienemann Kirsten , Borkhardt Arndt , Klapper Wolfram , Oschlies Ilske 
Published: February 2015

AimsInterleukin‐2‐inducible T‐cell kinase (ITK) deficiency is an inherited T‐cell deficiency characterized by the development of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated lymphoproliferations. We aimed to describe the histopathological features of lymphoproliferative processes arising in ITK deficiency, and to compare them with lymphoproliferations in otherwise immunocompromised patients.Methods and resultsWe revised the histopathological diagnoses of 12 biopsies of lymphoproliferations from seven ITK‐deficient children according to the World Health Organization criteria, and determined the EBV latency types and lytic activity by staining for EBV‐encoded small RNA, latent membrane protein 1, EBV nuclear antigen 2, and ZEBRA. We found polymorphic and borderline polymorphic to monomorphic B‐cell lymphoproliferations with variable contents in large cells (five cases), a Hodgkin‐like B‐cell proliferation (one case), and classic mixed‐cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma (six cases). All cases (12/12) were EBV‐positive. The Hodgkin lymphoma‐like and Hodgkin lymphoma, and all but one polymorphic B‐cell lymphoproliferation, showed EBV latency type 2, as observed in classic EBV‐positive Hodgkin lymphoma.ConclusionsThe 100% EBV association, the high percentage of EBV‐positive classic Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin‐like B‐cell proliferations and the predominance of EBV latency type 2 even in polymorphic lesions are the main features of lymphoproliferations in patients with ITK deficiency, and suggest a unique pathomechanism of lymphomagenesis in this T‐cell immunodeficiency.
Phosphohistone H3 outperforms Ki67 as a marker of outcome for breast cancer patients
Authors: Gerring Zac , Pearson John F , Morrin Helen R , Robinson Bridget A , Harris Gavin C , Walker Logan C 
Published: February 2015

AimsThe proliferation marker Ki67 has been extensively investigated as a prognostic factor in breast cancer, but has not gained widespread clinical acceptance. Phosphohistone H3 is a new immunohistochemical marker for quantifying mitoses; however, there is limited information on its prognostic value in breast cancer. In this study, we performed a head‐to‐head comparison of Ki67 and phosphohistone H3 to establish the marker with the greatest prognostic value.Methods and resultsTissue microarrays from 108 breast cancer patients were immunohistochemically stained for Ki67 and phosphohistone H3. Our results showed that phosphohistone H3 had a greater prognostic value than Ki67 in a multivariable model that adjusted for traditional prognostic variables in breast cancer. Phosphohistone H3 staining was a stronger predictor of survival at 5 years after diagnosis [hazard ratio (HR) 4.35, P < 10−5] than Ki67 (HR 2.44, P = 0.004), and better separated the risk of death in patients aged >45 years. Importantly, phosphohistone H3 consistently showed strong unequivocal staining, in contrast to the variable staining intensities associated with Ki67.ConclusionsOur study suggests that phosphohistone H3 staining is a stronger and more robust prognostic indicator than Ki67 staining in breast cancer patients, and has the potential for use in routine diagnostic laboratories.
Oral Direct Thrombin Inhibitor as an Alternative in the Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Series of 15 Patients
Authors: Mendonça Marcelo D. , Barbosa Raquel , Cruz-e-Silva Vera , Calado Sofia , Viana-Baptista Miguel 
Published: February 2015

Background Cerebral vein thrombosis is a rare cause of stroke with significant risk of death and long-term dependency. Anticoagulation has been associated with better long-term prognosis, and vitamin K antagonists are usually prescribed in this setting. Aim The aim of this study was to present a series of 15 cerebral vein thrombosis patients treated with dabigatran. Methods Retrospective study of clinical, imaging, and follow-up characterization of all patients admitted with cerebral vein thrombosis and treated with dabigatran in a tertiary neurology department between June 2011 and December 2013 was conducted. Complications and adverse effects were recorded. Modified Rankin Scale was used to assess clinical severity; excellent outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale at six-months of 0 to 1. Recanalization was assessed with an angiographic method (computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or digital subtraction angiography). Results Eighteen patients were admitted for cerebral vein thrombosis. Dabigatran was started in 11 patients, and warfarin was started in 7. Four patients on warfarin were switched to dabigatran because of adverse effects at 0·5, 1, 3·5, and 4 months. A total of 15 patients were treated with dabigatran with median follow-up time of 19 months. Excellent outcome was observed in 87% of patients and recanalization in 80%. Conclusions We report the largest series of cerebral vein thrombosis patients treated with dabigatran. Clinical outcome was excellent in most patients and not different from other studies. Dabigatran could possibly be considered an alternative to warfarin; nevertheless, further prospective assessment with randomized controlled studies is warranted.
Gut immune deficits in LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats partially overcome by feeding a diabetes‐protective diet
Authors: Crookshank Jennifer A. , Patrick Christopher , Wang Gen‐Sheng , Ariana Noel J. , Scott Fraser W. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe gut immune system and its modification by diet have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Therefore, we investigated gut immune status in non‐diabetes‐prone LEW.1AR1 and diabetes‐prone LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats and evaluated the effect of a low antigen, hydrolysed casein (HC)‐based diet on gut immunity and T1D. Rats were weaned onto a cereal‐based or HC‐based diet and monitored for T1D. Strain and dietary effects on immune homeostasis were assessed in non‐diabetic rats (50–60 days old) and rats with recent‐onset diabetes using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Immune gene expression was analysed in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and jejunum using quantitative RT‐PCR and PCR arrays. T1D was prevented in LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats by feeding an HC diet. Diabetic LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats had fewer lymphoid tissue T cells compared with LEW.1AR1 rats. The percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells was decreased in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN) of diabetic rats. The jejunum of 50‐day LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats contained fewer CD3+ T cells, CD163+ M2 macrophages and Foxp3+ Treg cells. Ifng expression was increased in MLN and Foxp3 expression was decreased in the jejunum of LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats; Ifng/Il4 was decreased in jejunum of LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats fed HC. PCR arrays revealed decreased expression of M2‐associated macrophage factors in 50‐day LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats. Wheat peptides stimulated T‐cell proliferation and activation in MLN and PLN cells from diabetic LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats. LEW.1AR1‐iddm rats displayed gut immune cell deficits and decreased immunoregulatory capacity, which were partially corrected in animals fed a low antigen, protective HC diet consistent with other models of T1D.
Impact sourcing ventures and local communities: a frame alignment perspective
Authors: Sandeep M. S. , Ravishankar M. N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing qualitative methods, this paper explores how impact sourcing (ImS) ventures frame their activities to marginalized communities. In doing so, the paper attempts to unearth the social–psychological processes undergirding ImS strategies. The findings highlight the difficulties faced by ImS ventures in operationalizing their strategic intent. More specifically, the paper provides insights into how different and diverse framings are used by ImS ventures to influence the local community. From a strategic perspective, the paper suggests that framings related to progress, family, material benefit and egalitarianism can help overcome the inevitable tensions and misunderstandings with the community. Drawing on the findings, we develop a process model that describes how competing framings of an ImS venture and the community could eventually align. Theoretically, the paper illuminates the day to day micro‐processes of reality negotiation between socially driven information technology – business process outsourcing businesses and the local communities they seek to impact.
Good habits gone bad: Explaining negative consequences associated with the use of mobile phones from a dual‐systems perspective
Authors: Soror Amr A. , Hammer Bryan I. , Steelman Zachary R. , Davis Fred D. , Limayem Moez M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInformation technology use is typically assumed to have positive effects for users, yet information technology use may also lead to negative consequences with various degrees of gravity. In the current work, we build on dual‐systems theories to investigate negative consequences associated with mobile phones use (MPU), defined as the extent to which the use of mobile phones is perceived to create problems in managing one's personal and social life. According to dual‐system theories, human behaviour is guided by two systems: reflexive (automatic) and reflective (control), which most of the time work in harmony. But when the two systems come into conflict, they will both complete to exert their influences over behaviour. Thus, we view the negative consequences associated with MPU as an outcome of the tug‐of‐war between the two systems influencing our day‐to‐day behaviours, where reflexive system is represented in our study by MPU habits and reflective system is represented by self‐regulation. We hypothesise that the influence of habit and self‐regulation on these negative consequences will be mediated through MPU. A partial least square analysis of 266 responses was used to validate and test our model. The study results generally support our model. The theoretical and practical implications of our study are discussed.