bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition patterns of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients
Authors: Esposito Pasquale , Cappadona Francesca , Marengo Marita , Fiorentino Marco , Fabbrini Paolo , Quercia Alessandro Domenico , Garzotto Francesco , Castellano Giuseppe , Cantaluppi Vincenzo , Viazzi Francesca 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization is associated with increased complications and mortality. Despite efforts to standardize AKI management, its recognition in clinical practice is limited.

Methods
To assess and characterize different patterns of AKI diagnosis, we collected clinical data, serum creatinine (sCr) levels, comorbidities and outcomes from adult patients using the Hospital Discharge Form (HDF). AKI diagnosis was based on administrative data and according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria by evaluating sCr variations during hospitalization. Additionally, patients were categorized based on the timing of AKI onset.

Results
Among 56 820 patients, 42 900 (75.5%) had no AKI, 1893 (3.3%) had AKI diagnosed by sCr changes and coded in the HDF (full-AKI), 2529 (4.4%) had AKI reported on the HDF but not meeting sCr-based criteria (HDF-AKI) and 9498 (16.7%) had undetected AKI diagnosed by sCr changes but not coded in the HDF (KDIGO-AKI). Overall, AKI incidence was 24.5%, with a 68% undetection rate. Patients with KDIGO-AKI were younger and had a higher proportion of females, lower comorbidity burden, milder AKI stages, more frequent admissions to surgical wards and lower mortality compared with full-AKI patients. All AKI groups had worse outcomes than those without AKI, and AKI, even if undetected, was independently associated with mortality risk. Patients with AKI at admission had different profiles and better outcomes than those developing AKI later.

Conclusions
AKI recognition in hospitalized patients is highly heterogeneous, with a significant prevalence of undetection. This variability may be affected by patients’ characteristics, AKI-related factors, diagnostic approaches and in-hospital patient management. AKI remains a major risk factor, emphasizing the importance of ensuring proper diagnosis for all patients.
Daily activities of older adults before and during the COVID pandemic
Authors: Lam Jack , Garcia Joan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study examines how older adults’ (65 years old plus) daily activities shifted in the years around the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic.

Methods
Using data from American Time Use Survey, this study compares activities across the pre-pandemic (2019 to March 2020), early-pandemic (May to December 2020), and pandemic-normal (2021) periods.

Results
In the first year of the pandemic, there was less time spent on average on leisure outside the home, traveling, and with nonhousehold members, and more time alone and at home, compared with before the pandemic. Moving beyond averages, sequence and cluster analyses find 5 similar typologies of days across the three periods, characterized by days predominated by (a) housework, (b) leisure at home, (c) TV, (d) a combination of leisure at home and outside with TV, and (e) paid work. Duration of time across various daily activities differed, however, even for the same clusters. For example, in days predominated by indoor leisure, adults spent 405 min in this activity before the pandemic, 432 min during the early-pandemic period, and 549 min during the pandemic-normal period. We also observed changes in the proportion of older adults in each cluster. Across the pre-pandemic and early-pandemic periods, the proportion of days predominated by leisure at home increased (9.9%–17.9%) whereas the proportion belonging to days predominated by housework decreased (45.7%–17.6%).

Discussion
COVID-19 shifted the daily life of older adults, and our findings are consistent with selection, optimization, and compensation theory, documenting that older adult adapted across the first 2 years of the pandemic.
Aging Well With a Lifelong Disability: A Scoping Review
Authors: Smith Kimberley J , Gupta Saahil , Fortune Jennifer , Lowton Karen , Victor Christina , Burke Eilish , Carew Mark T , Livingstone Emma , Creeger Miriam , Shanahan Paul , Walsh Michael , Ryan Jennifer M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Existing literature highlights notable health and social inequalities for people aging with a lifelong disability and the need for research to better understand how we can support this group to age well. This scoping review mapped existing literature related to “aging well” in people with lifelong disabilities.

Research Design and Methods
Five scientific databases and gray literature sources were searched for studies related to “aging well” and “lifelong disability” (defined as a disability that a person had lived with since birth or early childhood).

Results
We identified 81 studies that discussed aging well with a lifelong disability, with most (70%) focusing on intellectual disabilities. Two themes captured existing research on aging well with a lifelong disability: (1) framing aging well with a lifelong disability, which included the ways that people with lifelong disability, their supporters, and existing research frame aging well for this group and (2) supporting people to age well with a lifelong disability, which involves the micro-, meso-, and macro-level factors where research suggests interventions to facilitate aging well could be situated.

Discussion and Implications
This synthesis highlights how aging well is currently framed in the literature and where interventions to improve aging well in this group could be situated. Literature highlights the importance of considering multilevel interventions to improve aging well. Evidence gaps include the lack of research conducted with groups other than those with intellectual disabilities and the need for more research examining aging well interventions.
The connections of sialic acids and diabetes mellitus: therapeutic or diagnostic value?
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed Auwal , Isah Murtala Bindawa , Inim Mayen David , Abdullahi Aliyu Dantani , Adamu Auwal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Modulation of sialic acids is one of the important pathological consequences of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without the micro- and macrovascular complications. However, the mechanistic, therapeutic and/or diagnostic implications of these observations are uncoordinated and possibly conflicting. This review critically analyses the scientific investigations connecting sialic acids with diabetes mellitus. Generally, variations in the levels and patterns of sialylation, fucosylation and galactosylation were predominant across various tissues and body systems of diabetic patients, but the immune system seemed to be most affected. These might be explored as a basis for differential diagnosis of various diabetic complications. Sialic acids are predominantly elevated in nearly all forms of diabetic conditions, particularly nephropathy and retinopathy, which suggests some diagnostic value but the mechanistic details were not unequivocal from the available data. The plausible mechanistic explanations for the elevated sialic acids are increased desialylation by sialidases, stimulation of hexosamine pathway and synthesis of acute phase proteins as well as oxidative stress. Additionally, sialic acids are also profoundly associated with glucose transport and insulin resistance in human-based studies while animal-based studies revealed that the increased desialylation of insulin receptors by sialidases, especially NEU1, might be the causal link. Interestingly, inhibition of the diabetes-associated NEU1 desialylation was beneficial in diabetes management and might be considered as a therapeutic target. It is hoped that the article will provide an informed basis for future research activities on the exploitation of sialic acids and glycobiology for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes against diabetes mellitus.
Fundamental diagram and stability analysis of mixed traffic considering heterogeneous car-following behaviors and platoon factors
Authors: Sun Zhanbo , Yan Qiruo , Liu Yafei , Fu Zhijian , Yang Lei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the advancement of connected automated vehicles (CAVs), it is anticipated that mixed traffic environments, where human-driven vehicles (HVs) coexist with CAVs, will become prevalent in the future. The study aims to investigate the impact of heterogeneous car-following behaviors of HVs (e.g. aggressive, normal, and mild driving styles) and platoon factors of CAVs (i.e. platoon intensity and maximum platoon size) on the fundamental diagram and stability of mixed traffic. Firstly, a Markov chain approach is employed to describe the probability distributions of different leader-follower combinations, enabling us to construct a comprehensive mixed traffic model. Subsequently, a general modeling framework based on the mixed traffic model is established to examine the effects of heterogeneous car-following behaviors and platoon factors on the fundamental diagram and stability of mixed traffic. The results from numerical experiments reveal several findings: 1. an increase in the proportion of aggressive driving style enhances both the capacity and stability of mixed traffic; 2. larger platoon intensity and maximum platoon size contribute to improved capacity, particularly in scenarios where a large fraction of HVs exhibit aggressive driving behavior; 3. platoon intensity has a positive impact on traffic flow stability, while larger maximum platoon size leads to reduced stability; and 4. increasing CAV penetration without considering platoon intensity may lead to reduced stability compared to scenarios with a substantial proportion of aggressive drivers.
The Epidemiology of Pediatric Thermal Injury-associated Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alrasheed Mohammed Fuad , Alkhalaf Hamad , Alqahtani Alhanouf Mohammed , Alzubaidi Afnan Saad , Alasmari Abdulrahman Ali , Al-osimi Dalal Owith , Bahkali Loai Hasan , Alholais Anoud Mohammed , Basheikh Noor Ibraheem , Althaqafi Atheer Mohammed , Almousa Nourah Mansour , Al Mazrou Fatimah Hassan , Alsadiq Amal Abdulhameed , Kazzaz Yasser M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Thermal injury-associated toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a life-threatening condition that can occur in children following burn injuries. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of children who experienced TSS following a thermal injury. Additionally, the existing literature was systematically examined and published cases of pediatric TSS occurring after burns were compiled. In June 2023, without regard for time constraints, articles that met the criteria were searched across several electronic databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language publications, pediatric patients, and reported outcomes of interest for clinical questions. Due to the heterogeneity of the included publications and the lack of data in an appropriate format, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Our research identified 23 studies published between 1980 and 2023, including 72 cases (from multiple countries) that met the inclusion criteria. Of the 72 patients with thermal injuries complicated by TSS, 53 (73.6%) children survived, 6 (8.3%) died, and for 13 (18%) cases, the outcome was not documented. Our systematic review highlights the rarity, severity, and complexity of pediatric thermal injury-associated TSS. Key findings from the review indicate that pediatric thermal injury-associated TSS carries a high mortality rate and significant morbidity. By increasing awareness, improving diagnostic accuracy, and optimizing treatment strategies, healthcare professionals can improve patient outcomes in this challenging condition.
Discontinuation and non-publication of randomized controlled trials on cervical cancer or precancer
Authors: Lu Dongfang , Chen Xiaolin , Mu Yanmin , Kong Lingxiao , Zhang Ling , Li Juan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Research waste is a considerable problem in clinical trials, with nonpublication being a significant contributor. We aimed to determine the prevalence of discontinuation and nonpublication of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on cervical cancer or precancer.

Methods
We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for registered RCTs investigating cervical cancer or precancer that started between January 2000 and December 2020. The primary and secondary outcomes were trial nonpublication and premature discontinuation, respectively. Publication status was determined by systematic searches of peer-reviewed journals using the PubMed and Scopus databases.

Results
A total of 113 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Among the 85 trials completed before December 2020, 44 (51.8%) were prematurely discontinued and 40 (47.1%) were unpublished. A single-center design (61.4% vs. 34.1%, P = .012) and lack of external funding (59.1% vs. 36.6%, P = .038) were significantly associated with trial discontinuation. Large-scale (target sample size &gt;400; 46.7% vs. 17.5%, P = .004) and externally funded trials (66.7% vs. 35.0%, P = .004) were more likely to be published. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that a large sample size [odd ratio (OR): 4.125, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.511–11.259, P = .006] and presence of external funding (OR: 3.714, 95% CI: 1.513–9.117, P = .004) were independent positive factors for trial publication.

Conclusion
A significant proportion of RCTs related to cervical cancer or precancer were discontinued early or remain unpublished, resulting in a waste of research resources.
EP2/EP4 targeting prevents tumor-derived PGE2-mediated immunosuppression in cDC2s
Authors: Cuenca-Escalona Jorge , Bödder Johanna , Subtil Beatriz , Sánchez-Sánchez Marta , Vidal-Manrique Marcos , Sweep Mark W D , Fauerbach Jonathan A , Cambi Alessandra , Flórez-Grau Georgina , de Vries Jolanda M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) impairs antitumor immunity by priming suppressive functions on various immune cell types, including dendritic cells (DCs). In this way, tumors mediate DC dysfunction and hamper their antitumoral activity. PGE2 is known to modulate DC function via signaling through the E-type prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2) and EP4. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic value of targeting EP2/4 receptor signaling in DCs. Ongoing phase 1 clinical trials with EP antagonists have shown immunomodulation in cancer patients. However, the systemic drug administration leads to off-target events and subsequent side effects. To limit the off-target effects of EP targeting, EP2 and EP4 antagonists were encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of EP2/4-specific antagonists encapsulated in NPs to protect conventional type 2 DCs (cDC2s) from suppressive effects of tumor-derived PGE2 in different tumor models. We show that tumor-derived PGE2 signals via EP2/4 to mediate the acquisition of a suppressive phenotype of cDC2s. EP2/4 antagonists encapsulated in NPs impaired the conversion of cDC2s toward a suppressive state and inhibited the occurrence of suppressive features such as interleukin-10 production or the ability to expand regulatory T cells. Importantly, the NPs abolished the transition toward this suppressive state in different tumor models: melanoma-conditioned media, ascites fluid derived from ovarian cancer patients (2-dimensional), and upon coculture with colorectal cancer patient–derived organoids (3-dimensional). We propose that targeting the PGE2-EP2/4 axis using NPs can achieve immunomodulation in the immune system of cancer patients, alleviate tumor-derived suppression, and thus facilitate the development of potent antitumor immunity in cancer patients.
Estimating sojourn time and sensitivity of screening for ovarian cancer using a Bayesian framework
Authors: Ishizawa Sayaka , Niu Jiangong , Tammemagi Martin C , Irajizad Ehsan , Shen Yu , Lu Karen H , Meyer Larissa A , Toumazis Iakovos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Ovarian cancer is among the leading causes of gynecologic cancer-related death. Past ovarian cancer screening trials using combination of cancer antigen 125 testing and transvaginal ultrasound failed to yield statistically significant mortality reduction. Estimates of ovarian cancer sojourn time—that is, the period from when the cancer is first screen detectable until clinical detection—may inform future screening programs.

Methods
We modeled ovarian cancer progression as a continuous time Markov chain and estimated screening modality–specific sojourn time and sensitivity using a Bayesian approach. Model inputs were derived from the screening arms (multimodal and ultrasound) of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian cancer screening trials. We assessed the quality of our estimates by using the posterior predictive P value. We derived histology-specific sojourn times by adjusting the overall sojourn time based on the corresponding histology-specific survival from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

Results
The overall ovarian cancer sojourn time was 2.1 years (posterior predictive P value = .469) in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian studies, with 65.7% screening sensitivity. The sojourn time was 2.0 years (posterior predictive P value = .532) in the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening’s multimodal screening arm and 2.4 years (posterior predictive P value = .640) in the ultrasound screening arm, with sensitivities of 93.2% and 64.5%, respectively. Stage-specific screening sensitivities in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian studies were 39.1% and 82.9% for early-stage and advanced-stage disease, respectively. The histology-specific sojourn times ranged from 0.8 to 1.8 years for type II ovarian cancer and 2.9 to 6.6 years for type I ovarian cancer.

Conclusions
Annual screening is not effective for all ovarian cancer subtypes. Screening sensitivity for early-stage ovarian cancers is not sufficient for substantial mortality reduction.
Pain with orgasm in endometriosis: potential etiologic factors and clinical correlates
Authors: Ding Avrilynn , Noga Heather , Bouchard Katrina N , Bedaiwy Mohamed A , Lee Caroline , Allaire Catherine , Orr Natasha L , Yong Paul J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pelvic pain worsened by orgasm is a poorly understood symptom in patients with endometriosis.

Aim
To assess the prevalence of pelvic pain worsened by orgasm in patients with endometriosis and explore its association with potential etiologic factors, including pelvic floor myalgia, uterine tenderness and adenomyosis, and central nervous system sensitization.

Methods
An analysis was done of a prospective data registry based at a tertiary referral center for endometriosis. Eligible participants were patients aged 18 to 50 years who were referred between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, diagnosed with endometriosis, and subsequently underwent surgery at the center. Clinical features were compared between participants reporting worsening pelvic pain with orgasm and those without worsening pain with orgasm, including patient-reported variables, physical examination findings, and anatomic phenotyping at the time of surgery. Pelvic floor myalgia and uterine tenderness were assessed by palpation on pelvic examination, adenomyosis by ultrasound, and central nervous system sensitization via the Central Sensitization Inventory (range, 0-100).

Outcomes
Outcomes included pelvic or lower abdominal pain in the last 3 months that worsened with orgasm (yes/no).

Results
Among 358 participants with endometriosis, 14% (49/358) reported pain worsened by orgasm while 86% (309/358) did not. Pain with orgasm was significantly associated with pelvic floor myalgia (55% [27/49] vs 35% [109/309]; Cohen’s h = 0.40, P = .01) and higher scores on the Central Sensitization Inventory (mean ± SD, 53.3 ± 17.0 vs 42.7 ± 18.2; Cohen’s d = 0.60, P &lt; .001) but not with uterine tenderness or adenomyosis. Other clinical features associated with pain with orgasm were poorer sexual health (higher scores: deep dyspareunia, Cohen’s h = 0.60; superficial dyspareunia, Cohen’s h = 0.34; and Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised, Cohen’s d = 0.68; all P &lt; .05) and poorer mental health (higher scores: Patient Health Questionnaire–9, 12.9 ± 6.7 vs 9.1 ± 6.3, Cohen’s d = 0.59, P &lt; .001; Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7, 9.4 ± 5.6 vs 6.8 ± 5.5, Cohen’s d = 0.48, P = .002). Anatomic findings at the time of surgery did not significantly differ between the groups.

Clinical Implications
Interventions targeting pelvic floor myalgia and central nervous system sensitization may help alleviate pain worsened by orgasm in patients with endometriosis.

Strengths and Limitations
A strength is that pain worsened by orgasm was differentiated from dyspareunia. However, pain with orgasm was assessed by only a binary question (yes/no). Also, the study is limited to a single center, and there were limited data on sexual function.

Conclusion
Pelvic pain exacerbated by orgasm in people with endometriosis may be related to concurrent pelvic floor myalgia and central sensitization.
Spectro-photometric follow-up of the outbursting AM CVn system ASASSN-21br
Authors: Painter S , Aydi E , Motsoaledi M , Sokolovsky K V , Strader J , Buckley D A H , Kochanek C S , Maccarone T J , Mukai K , Shappee B J , Stanek K Z 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We report on spectroscopic and photometric observations of the AM Canum Venaticorum (AM CVn) system ASASSN-21br, which was discovered in outburst by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae in 2021 February. The outburst lasted for around three weeks, and exhibited a pronounced brightness dip for $\approx$4 d, during which the spectra showed a sudden transition from emission- to absorption-line dominated. Only $\approx$60 AM CVn systems with derived orbital periods are found in the Galaxy, therefore increasing the sample of AM CVn systems with known orbital periods is of tremendous importance to (1) constrain the physical mechanisms of their outbursts and (2) establish a better understanding of the low-frequency background noise of future gravitational wave surveys. Time-resolved photometry taken during the outburst of ASASSN-21br showed modulation with a period of around 36.65 min, which is likely the superhump or orbital period of the system. Time-resolved spectroscopy taken with the Southern African Large Telescope did not show any sign of periodicity in the He i absorption lines. This is possibly due to the origin of these lines in the outbursting accretion disc, which makes it challenging to retrieve periodicity from the spectral lines. Future follow-up spectral observations during quiescence might allow us better constrain the orbital period of ASASSN-21br.