bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Chloramphenicol in Honey, Milk, and Egg by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Ozcan Nihat , Aycan Ozlem 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This study describes determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in honey, milk, and egg by LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. CAP was extracted with ethyl acetate from honey, and with acetonitrile from milk and egg. d5-CAP was used as the internal standard. Separation was achieved on a ZORBAX Eclipse C18 2.1 id, 150 mm, 2.1 μm column. The mass spectrometer was equipped with an ESI interface in negative mode. Mass determination of CAP and d5-CAP was carried out in selected ion monitoring mode by scanning m/z 321 for CAP and m/z 326 for d5-CAP as quantification ions, and m/z 323 as the confirmation ion. The validation of the analytical method was performed by carrying out linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, and recovery. Calibration curve was linear between 0.1 and 20.0 ng/g with correlation coefficient &gt;0.998. Accuracy of the method for the honey sample was 95%, and for the milk powder sample 106%. Precision of the method, expressed as CV%, varied between 1.60 and 4.37 for intraday and 2.00 to 5.67 for interday. Quantification limits of method were 0.05, 0.08, and 0.09 ng/g for egg, milk, and honey, respectively. Recovery of the method ranged between 86 and 103% for all three matrixes and two different concentrations. Finally, the method was checked by participating proficiency tests from the Food Analysis Performance and Assessment Scheme 0281 and 0298 honey samples. Z scores were –1.0 and 0.4, respectively.
Determination of Residues of Three Triphenylmethane Dyes and Their Metabolites (Malachite Green, Leuco Malachite Green, Crystal Violet, Leuco Crystal Violet, and Brilliant Green) in Aquaculture Products by LC/MS/MS: First Action 2012.25
Authors: Hurtaud-Pessel Dominique , Couëdor Pierrick , Verdon Eric , Dowell Dawn 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
During the AOAC Annual Meeting held from September 30 to October 3, 2012 in Las Vegas, NV, the Expert Review Panel (ERP) on Veterinary Drug Residues reviewed data for the method for determination of residues of three triphenylmethane dyes and their metabolites (malachite green, leuco malachite green, crystal violet, leuco crystal violet, and brilliant green) in aquaculture products by LC/MS/MS, previously published in the Journal of Chromatography A 1218, 1632–1645 (2006). The method data were reviewed and compared to the standard method performance requirements (SMPRs) found in SMPR 2009.001, published in AOAC's Official Methods of Analysis, 19th Ed. (2012). The ERP determined that the data were acceptable, and the method was approved AOAC Official First Action. The method uses acetonitrile to isolate the analyte from the matrix. Then determination is conducted by LC/MS/MS with positive electrospray ionization. Accuracy ranged from 100.1 to 109.8% for samples fortified at levels of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/kg. Precision ranged from 2.0 to 10.3% RSD for the intraday samples and 1.9 to 10.6% for the interday samples analyzed over 3 days. The described method is designed to accurately operate in the analytical range from 0.5 to 2 μg/kg, where the minimum required performance limit for laboratories has been fixed in the European Union at 2.0 μg/kg for these banned substances and their metabolites. Upper levels of concentrations (1–100 μg/kg) can be analyzed depending on the different optional calibrations used.
Machine Learning in Non-Stationary Environments
Authors: Sugiyama Masashi , Kawanabe Motoaki 
Published: September 2013

Theory, algorithms, and applications of machine learning techniques to overcome “covariate shift” non-stationarity.
As the power of computing has grown over the past few decades, the field of machine learning has advanced rapidly in both theory and practice. Machine learning methods are usually based on the assumption that the data generation mechanism does not change over time. Yet real-world applications of machine learning, including image recognition, natural language processing, speech recognition, robot control, and bioinformatics, often violate this common assumption. Dealing with non-stationarity is one of modern machine learning's greatest challenges. This book focuses on a specific non-stationary environment known as covariate shift, in which the distributions of inputs (queries) change but the conditional distribution of outputs (answers) is unchanged, and presents machine learning theory, algorithms, and applications to overcome this variety of non-stationarity.
After reviewing the state-of-the-art research in the field, the authors discuss topics that include learning under covariate shift, model selection, importance estimation, and active learning. They describe such real world applications of covariate shift adaption as brain-computer interface, speaker identification, and age prediction from facial images. With this book, they aim to encourage future research in machine learning, statistics, and engineering that strives to create truly autonomous learning machines able to learn under non-stationarity.
Transcranial Doppler Investigation of Hemodynamic Alterations Associated With Blunt Cervical Vascular Injuries in Trauma Patients
Authors: Purvis Dianna L. , Crutchfield Kevin , Trickey Amber W. , Aldaghlas Tayseer , Rizzo Anne , Sikdar Siddhartha 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesBlunt cervical vascular injuries, often missed with current screening methods, have substantial morbidity and mortality, and there is a need for improved screening. Elucidation of cerebral hemodynamic alterations may facilitate serial bedside monitoring and improved management. Thus, the objective of this study was to define cerebral flow alterations associated with single blunt cervical vascular injuries using transcranial Doppler sonography and subsequent Doppler waveform analyses in a trauma population.MethodsIn this prospective pilot study, patients with suspected blunt cervical vascular injuries had diagnoses by computed tomographic angiography and were examined using transcranial Doppler sonography to define cerebral hemodynamics. Multiple vessel injuries were excluded for this analysis, as the focus was to identify hemodynamic alterations from isolated injuries. The inverse damping factor characterized altered extracranial flow patterns; middle cerebral artery flow velocities, the pulsatility index, and their asymmetries characterized altered intracranial flow patterns.ResultsTwenty‐three trauma patients were evaluated: 4 with single internal carotid artery injuries, 5 with single vertebral artery injuries, and 14 without blunt cervical vascular injuries. All internal carotid artery injuries showed a reduced inverse damping factor in the internal carotid artery and dampened ipsilateral mean flow and peak systolic velocities in the middle cerebral artery. Vertebral artery injuries produced asymmetry of a similar magnitude in the middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity with end‐diastolic velocity alterations.ConclusionsThese data indicate that extracranial and intracranial hemodynamic alterations occur with internal carotid artery and vertebral artery blunt cervical vascular injuries and can be quantified in the acute injury phase by transcranial Doppler indices. Further study is required to elucidate cerebral flow changes resulting from a single blunt cervical vascular injury, which may guide future management to preserve cerebral perfusion after trauma.
Corticomedullary Strain Ratio
Authors: Gao Jing , Min Robert , Hamilton James , Weitzel William , Chen Johnson , Juluru Krishna , Rubin Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo quantitatively assess the correlation between the corticomedullary strain ratio and cortical fibrosis in renal transplants.MethodsUsing quasistatic ultrasound elasticity imaging, we prospectively assessed the corticomedullary strain ratio in renal allografts of 33 patients who underwent renal transplant sonography and biopsy. Based on Banff score criteria for renal cortical fibrosis, 33 allografts were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 19), with mild (<25%) fibrosis; and group 2 (n = 14), with moderate (>26%) fibrosis. We used 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking software to perform offline analysis of cortical and medullary strain induced by external compression by the ultrasound transducer. We then calculated the corticomedullary strain ratio (cortical normalized strain/medullary normalized strain; normalized strain = developed strain/applied strain [deformation from the abdominal wall to the pelvic muscles]). An unpaired 2‐tailed t test was used to determine differences in normalized strain and the strain ratio between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the best strain ratio cutoff value for identifying moderate fibrosis.ResultsNormalized strain differed between the cortex and medulla (mean ± SD: group 1, 4.58 ± 2.02 versus 2.58 ± 1.38; P = .002; group 2, 1.71 ± 0.42 versus 2.60 ± 0.87; P = .0011). The strain ratio in group 1 was higher than in group 2 (2.06 ± 1.33 versus 0.70 ± 0.20; P = .0007). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.964. The sensitivity and specificity of a strain ratio cutoff value of 0.975 for determining moderate fibrosis were 92.9% and 94.7%, respectively.ConclusionsStrain values vary in different compartments of the kidney. The corticomedullary strain ratio on ultrasound elasticity imaging decreases with increasing renal cortical fibrosis, which makes it potentially useful as a noninvasive quantitative marker for monitoring the progression of fibrosis in renal transplants.
Achieving numerical accuracy and high performance using recursive tile LU factorization with partial pivoting
Authors: Dongarra Jack , Faverge Mathieu , Ltaief Hatem , Luszczek Piotr 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe LU factorization is an important numerical algorithm for solving systems of linear equations in science and engineering and is a characteristic of many dense linear algebra computations. For example, it has become the de facto numerical algorithm implemented within the LINPACK benchmark to rank the most powerful supercomputers in the world, collected by the TOP500 website. Multicore processors continue to present challenges to the development of fast and robust numerical software due to the increasing levels of hardware parallelism and widening gap between core and memory speeds. In this context, the difficulty in developing new algorithms for the scientific community resides in the combination of two goals: achieving high performance while maintaining the accuracy of the numerical algorithm. This paper proposes a new approach for computing the LU factorization in parallel on multicore architectures, which not only improves the overall performance but also sustains the numerical quality of the standard LU factorization algorithm with partial pivoting. While the update of the trailing submatrix is computationally intensive and highly parallel, the inherently problematic portion of the LU factorization is the panel factorization due to its memory‐bound characteristic as well as the atomicity of selecting the appropriate pivots. Our approach uses a parallel fine‐grained recursive formulation of the panel factorization step and implements the update of the trailing submatrix with the tile algorithm. Based on conflict‐free partitioning of the data and lockless synchronization mechanisms, our implementation lets the overall computation flow naturally without contention. The dynamic runtime system called QUARK is then able to schedule tasks with heterogeneous granularities and to transparently introduce algorithmic lookahead. The performance results of our implementation are competitive compared to the currently available software packages and libraries. For example, it is up to 40% faster when compared to the equivalent Intel MKL routine and up to threefold faster than LAPACK with multithreaded Intel MKL BLAS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved confocal analysis of antibody penetration into living, solid tumor spheroids
Authors: Myrdal S. , Foster M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe in vivo function of a biologically active molecule is governed in part by the dynamics of its distribution within its target tissue. To enhance our ability to probe living cells, we have endeavored to improve live confocal microscopy methods and to develop analytical methods that simplify the handling of the resulting complex data sets. To do this we attached a recently developed micro‐incubation system to the stage of a Leica confocal laser scanning microscope and were able to maintain physiologic culture conditions over several hours. Axial stability was achieved by modifying the room air conditioning. Laser illumination was low enough to retain cell viability through several hours of continuous scanning. With this setup, planar, time‐resolved data sets (xyt) were produced by continuously rescanning a single xy plane at the rate of one scan/min. As an alternative, volumetric data sets (xyz) were acquired by stepping the scanned plane through the z axis. In both types of data sets, a semi‐quantitative determination of the concentration of a fluorescent reporter molecule (e.g., FITC) over a gray level range of 0‐‐255 was recorded along with the positional information. Thus, concentration (as intensity of fluorescence, or i) gave a fourth variable by either scan method, resulting in high‐density xyti or xyzi data sets. The biological model we used to examine these methods was the penetration of a FITC‐labeled, anti‐carcinoma monoclonal antibody into cultured spheroids of tumor cells bearing the antibody‐binding epitope. In one case, the distribution of antibody‐FITC conjugate was compared with that of a long wavelength membrane dye. DiIC18(5). Several different software analyses were compared, including examining xyt data sets as “volumes.” We observed that by increasing the displayed resolution of one variable, the demonstrable resolution of the other variables was reduced. For example, with high temporal resolution, either quantitative or positional resolution had to be sacrificed. Thus, we needed to perform several different analyses of a single data set to compare all of the variables properly. In these experiments, the dynamic aspects of the changes in antibody‐FITC distribution were examined. Along with comparison of antibody‐FITC penetration with that of DiI, these data suggest an as yet unexplained biological transport of antibody into a tumor spheroid, which is not consistent with mere passive diffusion through the fluid of extracellular clefts. Using this model system, we have performed and analyzed highly time‐resolved confocal microscopy on living specimens maintained under physiologic conditions.
Mitigation of switching‐induced transient electromagnetic interference on control cable using Ni–Zn ferrite rings over cable sheath in gas‐insulated substations
Authors: Shahabi Saeed , Gholami Ahmad 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe transient electromagnetic fields during switching operation in gas‐insulated substations (GISs) have rise times on the order of nanoseconds. These fields leak into the external environment through the discontinuities of gas‐insulated modules and affect the control cables and induce the transient voltage on cables, which results in malfunctioning of the equipment. The amplitudes of the electric and magnetic fields could be a few tens of kilovolts per meter and a few hundred amperes per meter according to layout of GIS, respectively. In this work, the induced voltage in the central conductor of a control cable and the induced current in its sheath, which is parallel to bus duct in a GIS with rated voltage of 230 kV, are calculated. Influence of the sheath material on the induced voltage and the type of its grounding on the induced current are analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of installing ferrite rings over the control cable sheath in mitigating the induced voltage and current is investigated. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Process parameter optimization for hydantoinase-mediated synthesis of optically pure carbamoyl amino acids of industrial value using Pseudomonas aeruginosa resting cells
Authors: Engineer Anupama S , Dhakephalkar Anita P , Gaikaiwari Raghavendra P , Dhakephalkar Prashant K 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Hydantoinase-mediated enzymatic synthesis of optically pure carbamoyl amino acids was investigated as an environmentally friendly, energy-efficient alternative to the otherwise energy-intensive, polluting chemical synthesis. Hydantoinase-producing bacterial strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical profiling using the BIOLOG Microbial Identification System. Hydantoinase activity was assessed using hydantoin analogs and 5-monosubstituted hydantoins as substrates in a colorimetric assay. The hydantoinase gene was PCR amplified using gene-specific primers and sequenced on an automated gene analyzer. Hydantoinase gene sequence of P. aeruginosa MCM B-887 revealed maximum homology of only 87 % with proven hydantoinase gene sequences in GenBank. MCM B-887 resting cells converted &gt;99 % of substrate into N-carbamoyl amino acids under optimized condition at 42 °C, pH 8.0, and 100 mM substrate concentration in &lt;120 min. Hydantoin hydrolyzing activity was d-selective and included broad substrate profile of 5-methyl hydantoin, 5-phenyl hydantoin, 5-hydroxyphenyl hydantoin, o-chlorophenyl hydantoin, as well as hydantoin analogs such as allantoin, dihydrouracil, etc. MCM B-887 resting cells may thus be suitable for bio-transformations leading to the synthesis of optically pure, unnatural carbamoyl amino acids of industrial importance.
Viability of calcifying bacterial formulations in fly ash for applications in building materials
Authors: Dhami Navdeep Kaur , Mukherjee Abhijit , Reddy M Sudhakara 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Evidence of bacterial involvement in precipitation of calcium carbonates has brought a revolution in the field of applied microbiology, geotechnical sciences, environmental and civil engineering with its marked success in restoration of various building materials. For applications of these calcite binder-producing bacterial cultures, different expensive carrier materials have been used but their high costs have come in the way of their successful commercialization. In the present study, we have explored the potential of cheap industrial by-product fly ash as a carrier material for bacterial cells and investigated the viability of calcifying bacterial isolates: Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, and Lysinibacillus fusiformis in fly ash carrier at varying temperatures and moisture conditions along with biomineralization efficacy of these formulations. We used laser scanning confocal microscopy to analyze the viability of bacteria by florescent dye 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) along with the plate count method. Results revealed that fly ash successfully served as an effective carrier material and bacterial formulations stored at 4 °C provided longer shelf life than those stored at higher temperatures. Up to 106 cfu/g was found to sustain in all formulations at 4 °C compared to 104-105 cfu/g in case of higher temperatures up to 1 year. For 4 °C, higher moistures (50 %) were found to provide better survivability while for higher temperatures, lower moistures (30 %) favored higher viability. The biomineralization capability of fresh and formulated bacterial cells was compared on the basis of precipitation of carbonates and it was found that carbonate precipitation efficacy of formulated bacterial cells was comparable to fresh bacterial cells.
Warm and harsh parenting as mediators of the relation between maternal and adolescent emotion regulation
Authors: Sarıtaş Dilek , Grusec Joan E. , Gençöz Tülin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMaternal hostility/rejection and warmth were considered as potential mediators of the relation between mothers' and adolescents' emotion regulation. Participants were first‐year high school students living in Ankara, Turkey and their mothers (N = 365). Scales assessing emotion regulation difficulties and maternal hostility/rejection and warmth were administered to both the adolescents and their mothers. Maternal hostility/rejection, but not warmth, mediated the relation between maternal and adolescent emotion regulation. For girls there was, additionally, a direct effect of maternal emotion regulation. The different roles played by parental rejection and parental warmth in the development of adolescents' emotion regulation accord with arguments that socialization occurs in different domains and that rejection and warmth are not aspects of the same domain.
Sleep patterns and psychological functioning in families in northeastern Iran; evidence for similarities between adolescent children and their parents
Authors: Bajoghli Hafez , Alipouri Aazam , Holsboer‐Trachsler Edith , Brand Serge 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSleep and well‐being of adolescents and their parents are related, but data from non‐Western countries are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' and their parents' sleep patterns and psychological functioning in northeastern Iran.A total of 81 families (81 mothers, 78 fathers, 130 children aged 12–20 years) took part in the study. They individually and separately completed questionnaires related to sleep and psychological functioning.Sleep quality was related within families. Poor sleep among children and parents was related in each case to more depressive symptoms and stress. Mothers' sleep and psychological functioning were more related to adolescent children's sleep and psychological functioning than were those of fathers.Results confirm research showing that adolescent's and parents' sleep and psychological functioning are inter‐related. This association holds also true for families in northeastern Iran, suggesting that the association reflects universal features of family functioning.
Correlation between central corneal thickness and myopia in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chun , Kasuga Toshimitsu , Lee Hsin‐Jui , Lee Shwu‐Huey , Lin Szu‐Yuan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and the degree of myopia in Taiwanese adults. A total of 528 individuals were enrolled to undergo myopic laser refractive surgery from January 2004 to December 2006. Preoperative CCT was measured using the Orbscan corneal topography system and refractive status was determined by cycloplegic spherical equivalent. The relationship between CCT and refractive error was investigated by interindividual and intraindividual analyses. Participants had a mean age of 34.8 ± 7.3 years, and 79.9% were female. The mean refractive error was −7.27 ± 2.96 diopters and the mean CCT measurement was 560 ± 35 μm. CCT revealed that there was no association with age. However, CCT was significantly (p = 0.012) less in females than in males. The CCT also showed no significant association with refractive error (p = 0.49). Among the 67 participants with myopic anisometropia, the mean difference between both eyes was 3.09 ± 1.06 diopters. There was no association between the intereye CCT difference and refractive error (p = 0.57). The results remained the same after adjusting for age and sex. In conclusion, there was no correlation between CCT and the degree of myopia among adults in Taiwan. These data might contribute to the ongoing discussion about the role of CCT in the higher incidence of development and progression of glaucoma in myopic individuals.