bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceptionalist discourse and the colonization of sublime spaces: Alfonso Cuarón’s Gravity, Ridley Scott’s Prometheus and Thomas Cole’s The Oxbow
Authors: Brinded Nicolas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This article will examine the relationship between the visual language of the sublime, as defined by Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant, and the rhetoric of American Exceptionalism. In much early discourse, the American continent is represented through the iconography of the sublime: a land of breathtaking sunsets, cascading waterfalls, towering mountains and vast verdant forests. Through such powerful and sublime scenes, the idea of the new world as ‘exceptional’ is evoked. Yet a countermovement to this is that, even as the land is celebrated, it is also being colonized – divided up and plundered for its resources.
The nineteenth-century landscape painter Thomas Cole constructed a number of traditionally ‘sublime’ canvases of stunning natural scenes and has been widely celebrated as one of America’s greatest painters of sublime nature. Yet, Cole was also vehemently opposed to ‘utilitarianism’ and expansion and railed against the damage done to the environment as American civilization expanded westward and consumed the frontier. Cole thus combined sublime landscape with a critique of expansionism by subtly subverting the human elements of his canvases, none more so than in his 1836 painting The Oxbow.
In much twentieth and twenty-first-century cinema, the frontier has been transposed to outer space and the farthest reaches of the galaxy. The forces of the marketplace and the capitalist drive to expand are still clearly evident in this extraterrestrial expansionism. Yet, the iconography of the romantic sublime is still employed by film-makers in order to convey the beauty and otherness of celestial scenes.
My article explores the link between the Cole’s representations of the American continent and two recent science fiction movies, Alfonso Cuarón’s Gravity and Ridley Scott’s Prometheus. I argue that the visual language of the sublime is employed not merely as a celebration of landscape but also as a means to critique and question exceptionalist discourse.
Senklassicistisk omgang med tekster. Om åbenbare og skjulte citater i Jens Baggesens Labyrinten
Authors: Blicher Henrik 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWithin a classical context, citations from Antique authors often appear as signs of affinity, but without quotation marks. Danish playwright Ludvig Holberg is a case in point. The Romantic idea of originality puts an end to this kind of mutual borrowing. By thoroughly examining different, but more or less obvious and more or less hidden citations in Jens Baggesen’s sentimental travelogue
Performance of Cementitious Composites Incorporating Ground TFT-LCD Waste Glass
Authors: Lee Seung-Tae , Lee JaeJun 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In South Korea, a great amount of thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass in the form of industrial waste has been produced during the electronic equipment manufacturing process in recent years. This paper presents a detailed experimental study on the performance of mortar specimens replaced partially by TFT-LCD waste glass (TLWG). The replacement level of TLWG was the main test variable. Setting time, compressive and flexural strengths, drying shrinkage, and chloride-ion permeability tests of mortar specimens incorporating TLWG were carried out to evaluate the possibility of recycling TLWG as a cementitious material. In addition, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) investigations were used to observe the effect of TLWG replacement on the microstructural changes of paste samples. From the test results, it was found that higher replacement levels of TLWG (above 20 %) negatively affected the strength, drying shrinkage, and chloride-ion penetrability of mortar specimens because it led to a porous structure in the hardened cement system. On the other hand, because of the pozzolanic activity, the use of TLWG up to a maximum 10 % replacement level was possibly effective in enhancing mechanical properties of mortars. This was verified through the microstructural observations by SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Hence, taking into consideration economical and mechanical factors, it can be concluded that appropriate replacement of TLWG as a cementitious material holds promise in the production of concrete, as well as in recycling industrial waste.
Comparative Analysis of Curvilinear Gears With Produced by the New Production Method
Authors: Uzun Mahir , Inan Ali 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, we describe the finite element model analysis of novel pinion gears having a curvilinear teeth profile which were previously manufactured by us for the first time with the highest accuracy. Herringbone and spur gears were also modeled by using the same approach in order to compare the advantages of each, both under actual-working- and stress-conditions. Additionally, these three gear types were compared through noise analysis for the first time as well. All these analyses suggest that the concave–convex type gears display superiority in load resistance and show reasonably low levels of noise.
Low-Temperature Performance of Seal Coat
Authors: Ahn Hyungjun , Lee Jusang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This study presents the evaluation of low-temperature performance of seal coat in terms of friction performance and aggregate-loss performance. In addition, factors affecting the seal-coat performance at low temperature were also investigated. Ten seal coats on U.S. highways and State Roads in Indiana were selected and the friction tests were conducted in spring and fall for approximately 4 to 6 years after the construction. Three emulsions and seven aggregates consisting of CRS-2 P, RS-2 P, and AE-90 S for emulsions and trap rock, sandstone, blast furnace slag, steel slag, limestone, dolomite, and crushed gravel were used for the Vialit test for aggregate-loss performance, the zeta potential test for the effect of electrostatic property, and the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) test for the effect of mechanical and thermo-properties of emulsion. Friction numbers on ten seal coats constructed in Indiana from 2007 and 2013 showed that the winter season has a more significant impact on the friction reduction than the impact the summer season has. The Vialit test result showed that an increase in aggregate loss occurred as the temperature decreased, regardless of aggregate–emulsion combinations. The low-temperature aggregate loss is more sensitive to the emulsion type than to the aggregate type. The higher zeta potential of emulsion resulted in better aggregate-loss performance at low temperatures below −17°C. However, the effect of electrostatic interaction between the aggregate and emulsion particles on aggregate-loss performance was found to be statistically insignificant. The emulsion with a softer binder (lower stiffness) performed better than the emulsion containing a stiffer binder in terms of aggregate-loss performance at low temperatures. Last, the coefficients of thermal expansion of emulsion residues were not an influence on factors affecting the low-temperature aggregate-loss performance using the three emulsion types.
Maternal Germline-Specific Genes in the Asian Malaria Mosquito Anopheles stephensi: Characterization and Application for Disease Control
Authors: Biedler James K , Qi Yumin , Pledger David , Macias Vanessa M , James Anthony A , Tu Zhijian 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Anopheles stephensi is a principal vector of urban malaria on the Indian subcontinent and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito biology. To enhance our understanding of female mosquito reproduction, and to develop new tools for basic research and for genetic strategies to control mosquito-borne infectious diseases, we identified 79 genes that displayed previtellogenic germline-specific expression based on RNA-Seq data generated from 11 life stage–specific and sex-specific samples. Analysis of this gene set provided insights into the biology and evolution of female reproduction. Promoters from two of these candidates, vitellogenin receptor and nanos, were used in independent transgenic cassettes for the expression of artificial microRNAs against suspected mosquito maternal-effect genes, discontinuous actin hexagon and myd88. We show these promoters have early germline-specific expression and demonstrate 73% and 42% knockdown of myd88 and discontinuous actin hexagon mRNA in ovaries 48 hr after blood meal, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate maternal-specific delivery of mRNA and protein to progeny embryos. We discuss the application of this system of maternal delivery of mRNA/miRNA/protein in research on mosquito reproduction and embryonic development, and for the development of a gene drive system based on maternal-effect dominant embryonic arrest.
The BLI-3/TSP-15/DOXA-1 Dual Oxidase Complex Is Required for Iodide Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Xu Zhaofa , Luo Jintao , Li Yu , Ma Long 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Iodine is an essential trace element for life. Iodide deficiency can lead to defective biosynthesis of thyroid hormones and is a major cause of hypothyroidism and mental retardation. Excess iodide intake, however, has been linked to different thyroidal diseases. How excess iodide causes harmful effects is not well understood. Here, we found that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits developmental arrest and other pleiotropic defects when exposed to excess iodide. To identify the responsible genes, we performed a forward genetic screen and isolated 12 mutants that can survive in excess iodide. These mutants define at least four genes, two of which we identified as bli-3 and tsp-15. bli-3 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the mammalian dual oxidase DUOX1 and tsp-15 encodes the tetraspanin protein TSP-15, which was previously shown to interact with BLI-3. The C. elegans dual oxidase maturation factor DOXA-1 is also required for the arresting effect of excess iodide. Finally, we detected a dramatically increased biogenesis of reactive oxygen species in animals treated with excess iodide, and this effect can be partially suppressed by bli-3 and tsp-15 mutations. We propose that the BLI-3/TSP-15/DOXA-1 dual oxidase complex is required for the toxic pleiotropic effects of excess iodide.
A Novel Nondevelopmental Role of the SAX-7/L1CAM Cell Adhesion Molecule in Synaptic Regulation inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Opperman Karla , Moseley-Alldredge Melinda , Yochem John , Bell Leslie , Kanayinkal Tony , Chen Lihsia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe L1CAM family of cell adhesion molecules is a conserved set of single-pass transmembrane proteins that play diverse roles required for proper nervous system development and function. Mutations in L1CAMs can cause the neurological L1 syndrome and are associated with autism and neuropsychiatric disorders. L1CAM expression in the mature nervous system suggests additional functions besides the well-characterized developmental roles. In this study, we demonstrate that the gene encoding the Caenorhabditis elegans L1CAM, sax-7, genetically interacts with gtl-2, as well as with unc-13 and rab-3, genes that function in neurotransmission. These sax-7 genetic interactions result in synthetic phenotypes that are consistent with abnormal synaptic function. Using an inducible sax-7 expression system and pharmacological reagents that interfere with cholinergic transmission, we uncovered a previously uncharacterized nondevelopmental role for sax-7 that impinges on synaptic function.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Mortality in Hospitalized Infants and Young Children
Authors: Byington Carrie L. , Wilkes Jacob , Korgenski Kent , Sheng Xiaoming 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization, but the mortality rate and estimated annual deaths are based on decades-old data. Our objective was to describe contemporary RSV-associated mortality in hospitalized infants and children aged &lt;2 years.

METHODS:
We queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) for 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 and the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) administrative data from 2000 to 2011 for hospitalizations with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes for RSV infection and mortality.

RESULTS:
The KID data sets identified 607 937 RSV-associated admissions and 550 deaths (9.0 deaths/10 000 admissions). The PHIS data set identified 264 721 RSV-associated admissions and 671 deaths (25.4 deaths/10 000 admissions) (P &lt; .001 compared with the KID data set). The 2009 KID data set estimated 42.0 annual deaths (3.0 deaths/10 000 admissions) for those with a primary diagnosis of RSV. The PHIS data set identified 259 deaths with a primary diagnosis of RSV, with mortality rates peaking at 14.0/10 000 admissions in 2002 and 2003 and decreasing to 4.0/10 000 patients by 2011 (odds ratio: 0.27 [95% confidence interval: 0.14–0.52]). The majority of deaths in both the KID and PHIS data sets occurred in infants with complex chronic conditions and in those with other acute conditions such as sepsis that could have contributed to their deaths.

CONCLUSIONS:
Deaths associated with RSV are uncommon in the 21st century. Children with complex chronic conditions account for the majority of deaths, and the relative contribution of RSV infection to their deaths is unclear.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Freestanding Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Hersh Adam L. , De Lurgio Stephen A. , Thurm Cary , Lee Brian R. , Weissman Scott J. , Courter Joshua D. , Brogan Thomas V. , Shah Samir S. , Kronman Matthew P. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Newland Jason G. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Single-center evaluations of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) suggest that ASPs are effective in reducing and improving antibiotic prescribing, but studies are limited. Our objective was to compare antibiotic prescribing rates in a group of pediatric hospitals with formalized ASPs (ASP+) to a group of concurrent control hospitals without formalized stewardship programs (ASP−).

METHODS:
We evaluated the impact of ASPs on antibiotic prescribing over time measured by days of therapy/1000 patient-days in a group of 31 freestanding children’s hospitals (9 ASP+, 22 ASP−). We compared differences in average antibiotic use for all ASP+ and ASP− hospitals from 2004 to 2012 before and after release of 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for developing ASPs. Antibiotic use was compared for both all antibacterials and for a select subset (vancomycin, carbapenems, linezolid). For each ASP+ hospital, we determined differences in the average monthly changes in antibiotic use before and after the program was started by using interrupted time series via dynamic regression.

RESULTS:
In aggregate, as compared with those years preceding the guidelines, there was a larger decline in average antibiotic use in ASP+ hospitals than in ASP− hospitals from 2007 to 2012, the years after the release of Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines (11% vs 8%, P = .04). When examined individually, relative to preimplementation trends, 8 of 9 ASP+ hospitals revealed declines in antibiotic use, with an average monthly decline in days of therapy/1000 patient-days of 5.7%. For the select subset of antibiotics, the average monthly decline was 8.2%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Formalized ASPs in children’s hospitals are effective in reducing antibiotic prescribing.
Novel Mutations in the IRF6 Gene on the Background of Known Polymorphisms in Polish Patients with Orofacial Clefting
Authors: Charzewska Agnieszka , Obersztyn Ewa , Hoffman-Zacharska Dorota , Lenart Jacek , Poznański Jarosław , Bal Jerzy 
Published: December 2014

Objective To examine the role of the IRF6 mutations in Polish families with Van der Woude syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome and to determine the effect of IRF6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs7552506, rs2013162, and rs2235375) on cleft lip and/or palate susceptibility. Design IRF6 mutation screening was performed by direct sequencing of all coding exons of the gene and their flanking intronic regions. Cosegregation analysis was performed to establish the relation of single nucleotide polymorphisms and cleft lip and/or palate phenotypes. Patients We screened the IRF6 gene in eight families with clinical recognition of Van der Woude syndrome and popliteal pterygium syndrome. Results In five families we identified pathogenic mutations, all affecting the DNA-binding or the protein-binding domain of IRF6. Two of the mutations were novel—a missense mutation Arg31Thr and a small deletion Trp40Glyfs∗23. In most cases we found also a haplotype of three single nucleotide polymorphisms—rs7552506, rs2013162, and rs2235375. The association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms and cleft lip and/or palate susceptibility has been previously published. The variants did not cosegregate with phenotype in examined families nor did they cosegregate with pathogenic mutations. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were deemed not causative, due to their presence in unaffected family members. Conclusions Two novel mutations (Arg31Thr and Trp40Glyfs∗23) in the IRF6 gene were identified to be causative for Van der Woude and popliteal pterygium syndromes. In the present study no association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs7552506, rs2013162, and rs2235375 and the cleft lip and/or palate phenotype was found. The hypothesis, whether the haplotype of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms was correlated with IRF6 expression level, demands further investigation.
Mandibular Symphyseal Bone Graft for Reconstruction of Alveolar Cleft Defects: Volumetric Assessment with Cone Beam Computed Tomography 1-Year Postsurgery
Authors: Linderup Bo Werner , Cattaneo Paolo M. , Jensen John , Kuseler Annelise 
Published: December 2014

Objective The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate the volumetric outcome of mandibular symphyseal bone graft in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate by estimating the bone fill 1-year postoperatively on cone beam computed tomography. The outcome was assessed in relation to the (1) root development stage of the cleft side canine, (2) presence/absence of a cleft side lateral incisor, and (3) volume size of the preoperative cleft defect. Methods The alveolar bone defect volume of 32 consecutive unilateral cleft lip and palate patients aged 8 years 1 month to 11 years 11 months was evaluated using a recently defined and standardized protocol. The outcome was calculated as the percentage of bone fill using the formula (VOLpre - VOLpost) / VOLpre) x 100. Results The preoperative mean alveolar cleft volume was 934 mm3, and the average percentage bone fill was 87%. There was no significant difference between bone fill and root developmental stage of the cleft-side canine ( P = .882) nor presence/absence of the cleft side lateral incisor ( P = .803). The size of the cleft defect did not correlate with the bone fill ( r = .03, P = .84). Conclusions Secondary alveolar bone grafting with mandibular symphyseal bone graft in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate is an attractive procedure assessed from the volumetric outcome using cone beam computed tomography. The 1-year average bone fill of 87% was not significantly influenced by root development stage of the cleft-side canine, presence or the absence of a cleft side lateral incisor, or size of the alveolar defect.
Cancer Risk Among People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Disentangling True Associations, Detection Bias, and Reverse Causation
Authors: Harding Jessica L. , Shaw Jonathan E. , Peeters Anna , Cartensen Bendix , Magliano Dianna J. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE
Evidence indicates an increased risk of certain cancers among people with type 2 diabetes. Evidence for rarer cancers and for type 1 diabetes is limited. We explored the excess risk of site-specific cancer incidence and mortality among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, compared with the general Australian population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Registrants of a national diabetes registry (953,382) between 1997 and 2008 were linked to national death and cancer registries. Standardized incidence and mortality ratios (SIRs/SMRs) are reported.

RESULTS
For type 1 diabetes, significant elevated SIRs were observed for pancreas, liver, esophagus, colon and rectum (females only [F]), stomach (F), thyroid (F), brain (F), lung (F), endometrium, and ovary, and decreased SIRs were observed for prostate in males. Significantly increased SMRs were observed for pancreas, liver, and kidney (males only), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, brain (F), and endometrium. For type 2 diabetes, significant SIRs were observed for almost all site-specific cancers, with highest SIRs observed for liver and pancreas, and decreased risks for prostate and melanoma. Significant SMRs were observed for liver, pancreas, kidney, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gallbladder (F), stomach (F), and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (F). Cancer risk was significantly elevated throughout follow-up time but was higher in the first 3 months postregistration, suggesting the presence of detection bias and/or reverse causation.

CONCLUSIONS
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with an excess risk of incidence and mortality for overall and a number of site-specific cancers, and this is only partially explained by bias. We suggest that screening for cancers in diabetic patients is important.
Changes in Digenean Infection of the Antarctic Fish Notothenia Coriiceps in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Over Three Decades
Authors: Laskowski Zdzisław , Jeżewski Witold , Zdzitowiecki Krzysztof 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe infection of black rockcod,Notothenia coriiceps,with digeneans in Admiralty Bay (South Shetland Islands) within three months, from November 2007 to January 2008, is compared with the infection in the same three months in 1978/79, based on the examination of twenty fish collected in each month. Digenea found in 1978/1979 season were more numer-ous, and more diverse. Only five digenean species,Macvicaria georgiana,Neolebouria antarctica,Lepidapedon garrardi,Genolinea bowersiandLecithaster macrocotyle, were re-corded during both investigations, whereas three species,Neolepidapedon trematomi,Elytro-phalloides oatesiandGonocerca phycidis, only in 1978/79.M. georgianawas the dominant species in 1978/79 and sub-dominant in 2007/08. Other digeneans were found inN. coriicepsin 2007/08 invariably together withM. georgiana. G. bowersiwas the sub-dominant species in 1978/79 and the most common species in 2007/2008. Infections with Digenea belonging to other species were much less intense. Of the three rare or common species in 1978/79, the two,L. garrardiandL. macrocotyle, occurred in both seasons, whereasE. oatesioccurred only in 1978/79. Three remaining species were sporadic or absent. The overall results there-fore demonstrated that infections with almost all digenean species were less strong in 2007/08 than three decades earlier, in 1978/79. Only data onM. georgiana,G. bowersiandL.garrardiwere statistically significant (p <0.05). Data on the occurrence of 14 species of Digenea inN. coriicepsfrom South Shetland Islands, South Orkney Islands, South Georgia, Argentine Is-lands, Melchior Islands, Adelie Land and Heard Island are given.