bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Chronic Kidney Disease in Mexican Americans
Authors: Szerlip Harold M. , Edwards Melissa L. , Williams Benjamin J. , Johnson Leigh A. , Vintimilla Raul M. , O'Bryant Sid E. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo analyze the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Mexican Americans and to determine whether there is a blood‐based proteomic profile linking CKD to MCI.DesignRetrospective analysis of cohort study.SettingHealth and Aging Brain among Latino Elders study.ParticipantsMexican Americans (N = 437, 105 men, 332 women).MeasurementsData were analyzed to examine the link between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and detailed neuropsychological functioning. Serum proteomic markers were also examined.ResultsLower eGFR levels were associated with significantly poorer neuropsychological functioning across multiple domains. After adjusting for age, sex, education, and diabetes mellitus, participants with an eGFR less than 45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 performed significantly worse than those with an eGFR from 45 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and higher in processing speed (F = 14.1, P < .001), executive functioning (F = 4.5, P = .01), visuospatial skills (F = 4.8, P = .009), and global cognitive functioning (F = 6.2, P = .002). Participants with an eGFR less than 45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 also performed significantly worse than those with an eGFR of 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or greater on delayed memory (F = 3.8, P = .02). There was a trend toward lower eGFR levels being associated with greater risk of MCI (odds ratio (OR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91–6.1, P = .07), which was stronger for men (OR = 9.6, 95% CI = 1.3–74.3, P = .03). A serum proteomic profile consisting of Factor VII, interleukin‐10, C‐reactive protein, and fatty acid binding protein was 93% accurate in detecting CKD‐related MCI.ConclusionLower eGFR was associated with significantly poorer neuropsychological functioning in Mexican Americans. A blood‐based profile was generated that was highly accurate in detecting CKD‐related MCI. A blood profile capable of predicting CKD‐related cognitive impairment would be of benefit for the design of clinical interventions.
Mortality and Readmission After Cervical Fracture from a Fall in Older Adults: Comparison with Hip Fracture Using National Medicare Data
Authors: Cooper Zara , Mitchell Susan L. , Lipsitz Stuart , Harris Mitchel B. , Ayanian John Z. , Bernacki Rachelle E. , Jha Ashish K. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of cervical spine fractures after falls in older Americans, to show changes in recent years, and to compare 12‐month outcomes between individuals with cervical and hip fracture after falls.DesignRetrospective study of Medicare data from 2007 to 2011.SettingAcute care hospitals.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older with cervical or hip fracture after a fall.MeasurementsCervical fracture rate, 12‐month mortality, and readmission rate after injury.ResultsRates of cervical fracture increased from 4.6 per 10,000 in 2007 to 5.3 per 10,000 in 2011; rates of hip fracture decreased from 77.3 per 10,000 in 2007 to 63.5 per 10,000 in 2011. Participants with cervical fracture with and without spinal cord injury (SCI) were more likely than those with hip fracture to receive treatment at large hospitals (59.4% and 54.1% vs 28.1%, P < .001), teaching hospitals (49.3% and 40.0% vs 13.4%, P < .001), and regional trauma centers (46.3% and 38.5% vs 13.0%, P < .001). Participants with cervical fracture without (24.7%) and with SCI (41.7%) had greater risk‐adjusted mortality at 1 year than those with hip fracture (22.7%) (P < .001). By 1 year, 73.4% of participants with cervical fracture with and 59.5% without SCI and 59.3% of those with hip fracture had died or were readmitted to the hospital (P < .001).ConclusionCervical spinal fractures occur in one of every 2,000 Medicare beneficiaries annually and appear to be increasing over time. Participants with cervical fracture had greater mortality than those with hip fracture. Given the increasing prevalence and the poor outcomes in this population, hospitals need to develop processes to improve care for these vulnerable individuals.
Five‐Year Risk of Mechanical Ventilation in Community‐Dwelling Adults: The Framingham–Intermountain Anticipating Life Support Study
Authors: Walkey Allan J. , Pencina Karol M. , Knox Daniel , Kuttler Kathryn G. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Brown Samuel M. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo develop a quantitative tool for identifying outpatients most likely to require life support with mechanical ventilation within 5 years.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingFramingham Heart Study (FHS) 1991 to 2009 and Intermountain Healthcare clinics 2008 to 2013.ParticipantsFHS participants (n = 3,666; mean age 74; 58% female) in a derivation cohort and Intermountain Healthcare outpatients aged 65 and older (n = 88,302; mean age 73, 57% female) in an external validation cohort.MeasurementsInformation on demographic characteristics and comorbidities collected during FHS examinations to derive a 5‐year risk score for receiving mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit, with external validation using administrative data from outpatients seen at Intermountain Healthcare. A sensitivity analysis investigating model performance for a composite outcome of mechanical ventilation or death was performed.ResultsEighty (2%) FHS participants were mechanically ventilated within 5 years after a FHS examination. Age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, alcohol use, chronic pulmonary disease, and hospitalization within the prior year predicted need for mechanical ventilation within 5 years (c‐statistic = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.80). One thousand seven hundred twenty‐five (2%) Intermountain Healthcare outpatients underwent mechanical ventilation. The validation model c‐statistic was 0.67 (95% CI = 0.66–0.68). Approximately 1% of individuals identified as low risk and 5% to 12% identified as high risk required mechanical ventilation within 5 years. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated a c‐statistic of 0.75 (95% CI = 0.75–0.75) for risk prediction of a composite outcome of mechanical ventilation or death.ConclusionA simple risk score using clinical examination data or administrative data may be used to predict 5‐year risk of mechanical ventilation or death. Further study is necessary to determine whether use of a risk score enhances advance care planning or improves quality of care of older adults.
A New Approach for Regulating Bisphenol A for the Protection of the Public's Health
Authors: Barraza Leila 
Published: October 2015

BPA Production and Associated Health Risks Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical agent found in many everyday products, including canned goods and plastic food containers. BPA exposure is linked to a variety of adverse health effects, such as obesity and diabetes. To protect the public's health — especially the health of vulnerable fetuses, infants, children, and pregnant women — BPA regulations should encompass products intended specifically for these populations. Even with tremendous public outcry against the use of BPA, current federal restrictions do not reach far enough. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently banned the use of BPA in children's sippy cups and baby bottles, but failed to address its inclusion in canned infant formula or plastic tableware.BPA production began in the 1950s to make epoxy resins and was later employed to create polycarbonate plastic products.
“Something of an Adventure”: Postwar NIH Research Ethos and the Guatemala STD Experiments
Authors: Spector-Bagdady Kayte , Lombardo Paul A. 
Published: October 2015

Since their revelation to the public, the sexually transmitted disease (STD) experiments in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948 have earned a place of infamy in the history of medical ethics. During these experiments, Public Health Service (PHS) researchers intentionally exposed over 1,300 non-consenting Guatemalan soldiers, prisoners, psychiatric patients, and commercial sex workers to gonorrhea, syphilis, and/or chancroid under conditions that have shocked the medical community and public alike. Expert analysis has found little scientific value to the experiments as measured by current or contemporaneous research standards.Such an obvious case of research malfeasance, which violated research norms in place both in the past and now, has been uniformly repudiated. The Guatemala STD experiments were labeled “clearly unethical” by President Barack Obama and “reprehensible” by the Secretaries of State and Health and Human Services.
TarasoffDuties after Newtown
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. 
Published: October 2015

After recent tragedies involving mass murders on a college campus in Virginia, an Army base in Texas, a congressional constituent event at a shopping center in Arizona, and a movie theater in Colorado, one might have assumed the public had become numb to horrendous and senseless acts of killing. If so, one would have been wrong. The public was not prepared for the brutal and cold-blooded murder of 20 first-grade school children and six teachers and staff at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, on December 14, 2012.Following the all-too-familiar emotional stages of shock, grief, and anger, many members of the public and elected officials turned to the issue of how to prevent such tragedies in the future. Two main questions quickly became the focus of policy makers.
What Will it Take to Address the Global Threat of Antibiotic Resistance?
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Outterson Kevin 
Published: October 2015

Of the many global health challenges facing the world today, only a small number require global collective action. Most health challenges can be fully addressed through action at local, regional or national levels.What kind of actions must be taken to address the global threat of antibiotic resistance (ABR)? What legal, political and economic tools might be needed to achieve this level of action?In March 2015 the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation convened a workshop in Uppsala, Sweden to address these questions in partnership with the Global Strategy Lab, the Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics (JLME), the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, and ReAct — Action on Antibiotic Resistance. Eleven concise articles were commissioned to explore whether ABR depended on global collective action, and if so, what tools could help states and non-state actors to achieve it.
Evaluation of ophthalmic and hemodynamic parameters in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) submitted to dissociative anesthetic protocols
Authors: Raposo A.C.S. , Ofri R. , Schaffer D.P.H. , Gomes Júnior D.C. , Libório F.A. , Martins Filho E.F. , Oriá A.P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundDissociative drugs are used for chemical restraint in monkeys. The aim was to evaluate muscle relaxation, recovery, and ophthalmic and hemodynamic parameters in 24 capuchin monkeys subjected to four dissociative anesthesia protocols.MethodsAnimals were anesthetized with tiletamine–zolazepam (TZ), ketamine–xylazine (KX), ketamine–midazolam (KM), or ketamine–dexmedetomidine (KD). Muscle relaxation, digital reflex, lacrimal production, intraocular pressure (IOP), heart and respiratory rates, oxygen saturation (SpO2), rectal temperature, non‐invasive arterial blood pressure, palpebral and pupillary reflexes, and eyeball positioning were evaluated every 5 minutes for 20 minutes.ResultsMuscle relaxation was highest in KM and KD. At 5‐minute post‐injection, IOP was higher in TZ than in all other groups. There was a significant difference between groups and times in heart and respiratory rates and temperature. There were no significant differences in SpO2, arterial blood pressure, and lacrimal production between groups.ConclusionsThe established parameters may help in clinical and ophthalmic examinations of primates.
Exploring Women's Values, Choices, Expectations, and Outcomes for Birth After Cesarean
Authors: Shorten Allison , Shorten Brett , Kennedy Holly Powell 
Published: October 2015

Purpose/AimTo explore women's values and expectations about birth after cesarean during decision making to better inform the design of strategies to support women to achieve consistency between their values, birth expectations, and birth experiences.Research QuestionsWhat reasons underpin the choices women make about method of birth after cesarean? What do women value and expect from their birth choices after cesarean? What factors influence consistency between choice and outcome?Significance/BackgroundShared decision making around birth after cesarean necessitates shared understanding of individual values and expectations of women. Reduction in dissonance between providers and women is needed to achieve high‐quality health decisions and outcomes.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐seven women participating in a decision‐aid trial for birth after cesarean wrote about their choices for birth at 36 to 38 weeks’ gestation. At 6 to 8 weeks after the birth, 168 also wrote about their experiences of birth, satisfaction with the decision process, and health after the birth. Narrative analysis identified values and expectations underpinning birth decisions and the extent to which these were realized.FindingsDecision making was difficult for many women, and emotions such as fear and anxiety were expressed as women explained their different birth choices. Avoidance of the previous cesarean experience, an expectation of a “better” or “faster” recovery, and issues around “safety” for the baby, were common reasons given for trial of labor as well as for elective repeat cesarean. Provider preferences were influential, and women's need for information about their options underpinned levels of confidence and certainty during decision making. Satisfaction with the birth experience and adherence to choice largely depended on practice patterns of the birth setting, commitment by providers to support choice, and women's strength of preference or commitment to their birth choice.DiscussionWomen do not always choose the mode of birth that providers expect them to. Greater understanding and support of individual values and expectations of women is needed to effectively support shared decision making for birth after cesarean.
The Impact of Venture Capital Monitoring
Authors: BERNSTEIN SHAI , GIROUD XAVIER , TOWNSEND RICHARD R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe show that venture capitalists' (VCs) on‐site involvement with their portfolio companies leads to an increase in both innovation and the likelihood of a successful exit. We rule out selection effects by exploiting an exogenous source of variation in VC involvement: the introduction of new airline routes that reduce VCs' travel times to their existing portfolio companies. We confirm the importance of this channel by conducting a large‐scale survey of VCs, of whom almost 90% indicate that direct flights increase their interaction with their portfolio companies and management, and help them better understand companies' activities.
Trade Credit and Industry Dynamics: Evidence from Trucking Firms
Authors: BARROT JEAN‐NOËL 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTLong payment terms are a strong impediment to the entry and survival of liquidity‐constrained firms. To test this idea and its implications, I consider the effect of a reform restricting the trade credit supply of French trucking firms. In a difference‐in‐differences setting, I find that trucking firms' corporate default probability decreases by 25% following the restriction. The effect is persistent, concentrated among liquidity‐constrained firms, and not offset by a decrease in profits. The restriction also triggers an increase in the entry of small trucking firms.
Drug‐Eluting vs. Conventional Balloon for Side Branch Dilation in Coronary Bifurcations Treated by Provisional T Stenting
Authors: HERRADOR JUAN A. , FERNANDEZ JUAN C. , GUZMAN MANUEL , ARAGON VICTOR 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe origin of the side branch (SB) is the most common site for restenosis in coronary bifurcations. The end‐point is to compare the results of SB dilation with drug‐eluting balloon (DEB group) versus conventional balloon (BAL group) in bifurcations treated with provisional T stenting.Methods and ResultsEach group included 50 patients. In DEB, the origin of SB was dilated with a Sequent® Please balloon. In both groups, a Taxus Liberté® stent was implanted in the main vessel, with kissing balloon postdilation. If the outcome for the SB was suboptimal, a Taxus stent was implanted in BAL and a bare stent in DEB group. An angiographic follow‐up and IVUS were scheduled for 12 months later. Adverse events (MACE) were 24% in BAL versus 11% in DEB (P = 0.11), with greater revascularization (TLR) in the BAL group (22% vs. 12%, P = 0.16). At angiographic follow‐up, there was a lower percentage of SB restenosis in the DEB group (20% vs. 7%, P = 0.08), with less late loss (0.40 mm vs. 0.09 mm, P = 0.01).ConclusionSide branch dilation with a drug‐eluting balloon resulted in better angiographic outcomes than with a conventional balloon, with less late loss and restenosis at the 12‐month follow‐up. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:454‐462)
No Cardioprotective Benefit of Ischemic Postconditioning in Patients With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: DWYER NATHAN B. , MIKAMI YOKO , HILLAND DARLENE , ALJIZEERI AHMED , FRIEDRICH MATTHIAS G. , TRABOULSI MOUHIEDDIN , ANDERSON TODD J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPostconditioning is a potential cardioprotective strategy that has demonstrated conflicting and variable reductions in infarct size in human trials.ObjectivesTo determine whether postconditioning could increase the extent of myocardial salvage in patients with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).MethodsOne hundred two patients (aged 57 ± 11 years; 88% male) were randomly assigned to a postconditioning or standard protocol. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was performed 3 days after PPCI to measure the volumetric extent of myocardial necrosis and the area at risk.ResultsWith similar time‐to‐reperfusion (170 ± 84 minutes in the postconditioning group vs. 150 ± 70 minutes in the standard group, P = 0.22), the myocardial salvage index was not significantly different between the postconditioned group and the control group, averaging 42 ± 22% vs. 33 ± 21%, respectively (P = 0.08). Furthermore, postconditioning was not associated with a smaller infarct size compared to controls (13 ± 7 g/m2 vs. 15 ± 8 g/m2, respectively, P = 0.18).ConclusionsPostconditioning does not significantly increase myocardial salvage or reduce infarct size in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. However, the possibility of a more modest impact of postconditioning cannot be excluded with our sample size. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:482‐490)
CT Evolution of Hematoma and Surrounding Hypodensity in a Cadaveric Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Majidi Shahram , Rahim Basit , Gilani Sarwat I. , Gilani Waqas I. , Adil Malik M. , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe evolution of intracerebral hematoma and perihematoma edema in the ultra‐early period on computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is not well understood. We aimed to investigate hematoma and perihematoma changes in “neutral brain” models of ICH.METHODSOne human and five goat cadaveric heads were used as “neutral brains” to provide physical properties of brain without any biological activity or new bleeding. ICH was induced by slow injection of 4 ml of fresh human blood into the right basal ganglia of the goat brains. Similarly, 20 ml of fresh blood was injected deep into the white matter of the human cadaver head in each hemisphere. Serial CT scans of the heads were obtained immediately after hematoma induction and then 1, 3, and 5 hours afterward. Analyze software (AnalyzeDirect, Overland Park, KS, USA) was used to measure hematoma and perihematoma hypodensity volumes in the baseline and follow‐up CT scans.RESULTSThe initial hematoma volumes of 11.6 ml and 10.5 ml in the right and left hemispheres of the cadaver brains gradually decreased to 6.6 ml and 5.4 ml at 5 hours, showing 43% and 48% retraction of hematoma, respectively. The volume of the perihematoma hypodensity in the right and left hemisphere increased from 2.6 ml and 2.2 ml in the 1‐hour follow‐up CT scans to 4.9 ml and 4.4 ml in the 5‐hour CT scan, respectively. Hematoma retraction was also observed in all five goat brains ICH models with the mean ICH volume decreasing from 1.49 ml at baseline scan to 1.01 ml at the 5‐hour follow‐up CT scan (29.6% hematoma retraction). Perihematoma hypodensity was visualized in 70% of ICH in goat brains, with an increasing mean hypodensity volume of 0.4 ml in the baseline CT scan to 0.8 ml in the 5‐hour follow‐up CT scan.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated that substantial hematoma retraction and perihematoma hypodensity occurs in ICH in the absence of any new bleeding or biological activity of surrounding brain. Such observations suggest that active bleeding is underestimated in patients with no or small hematoma expansion and our understanding of perihematoma hypodensity needs to be reconsidered.
Serum Uric Acid Is Associated with Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients with Acute Lacunar Infarction
Authors: Han Sang Won , Song Tae Jin , Bushnell Cheryl D. , Lee Sung‐Soo , Kim Seo Hyun , Lee Jun Hong , Kim Gyu Sik , Kim Ok‐Joon , Koh Im‐Seok , Lee Jong Yun , Suk Seung‐Han , Lee Sung Ik , Nam Hyo Suk , Lee Kyung‐Yul , Park Jae Hyeon 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe Effect of Cilostazol in Acute Lacunar Infarction Based on Pulsatility Index of Transcranial Doppler (ECLIPse) study showed a significant decrease in transcranial Doppler pulsatility index (PI) with cilostazol treatment after 90 days of acute lacunar infarction. The aim of this analysis was to perform a subgroup analysis of the ECLIPse study to explore the relationship between serum uric acid (UA) and the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in patients with acute lacunar infarction.METHODSThe ECLIPse was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study conducted in Korea. For this subgroup analysis, WMH volume was measured for those subjects for whom FLAIR or T2‐weighted images were available using semiautomated computerized software.RESULTSOf the 203 patients in 8 hospitals in the ECLIPse study, 130 in 6 hospitals were entered for this subgroup analysis. The mean age was 64.7 ± 9.95 years, and 20.8% were women. The mean WMH volume was 11.57 cm3 (.13 to 68.45, median 4.86) and mean serum UA was 5.2 mg/dL (1.5 to 8.9). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (P < .001) and serum UA (P = .013) were significantly associated with WMH volume. Age‐adjusted scatterplots showed that serum UA level was positively related to WMH volume in patients with acute lacunar infarction (r = 0.275, P = .003).CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that serum UA was associated with cerebral WMH in patients with acute lacunar infarction.