bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population structure, population history and DNA barcoding of fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Meeyen Kowit , Nanork Sopaladawan Piyamas , Pramual Pairot 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) is an important pest of commercially significant plants such as chili, tomato and eggplant. The species is native to South and Southeast Asia, but has now invaded Japan, Hawaii and Africa. In this study, mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to infer genetic structure and demographic history of B. latifrons. The efficiency of DNA barcodes for identification of B. latifrons was also tested. Ninety‐three specimens infesting four host‐plant species were obtained from 11 sampling locations in Thailand. The mitochondrial haplotype network revealed no major divergent lineage, which was consistent with a phylogenetic analysis that found strong support for the monophyly of B. latifrons. Population pairwise FST revealed that most (65%) comparisons were not significantly different, suggesting a high rate of gene flow. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) found no significant genetic differentiation among populations from different host‐plant species. Sharing of several haplotypes among flies from different host‐plants indicates that the flies were moved freely across the plant species. Demographic history analysis revealed that the population has undergone recent expansion dating back to the end of the last glaciation. Thus, the results indicate that both ongoing and historical factors have played important roles in determining the genetic structure and diversity of B. latifrons. DNA barcoding analysis revealed that B. latifrons specimens were clearly differentiated from other species with 100% correct identification. Therefore, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding sequences could be effectively used to identify this important pest species, which could encourage monitoring and control efforts for this species.
Effects of new antiepileptic drugs on circulatory markers for vascular risk in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Lee Seo‐Young , Shon Young‐Min , Kim Ji Hyun 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAlthough it is well documented that long‐term therapy with older antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) leads to an increase in risk for atherosclerosis, there has been only limited information regarding the vascular risk in patients who are treated with new AEDs. We therefore conducted a prospective longitudinal study to assess the potential effects of new AEDs on the circulatory markers for vascular risk in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. We recruited adult patients with epilepsy who began to receive monotherapy with one of the new AEDs, including levetiracetam (LEV), oxcarbazepine (OXC), and topiramate (TPM). Circulatory markers of vascular risk were measured twice before and after 6 months of AED monotherapy. A total of 109 patients completed the study (LEV, n = 40; OXC, n = 40; TPM, n = 29). Six months of monotherapy resulted in significant increases in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LEV, from 90.2 to 98.5 mg/dl, 9.2% increase, p = 0.025; OXC, from 96.5 to 103.2 mg/dl, 7.0% increase, p = 0.049), homocysteine (LEV, from 7.9 to 10.4 μm, 31.6% increase, p = 0.001; OXC, from 8.7 to 11.5 μm, 32.2% increase, p < 0.001; TPM, from 8.3 to 12.3 μm, 48.2% increase, p < 0.001), apolipoprotein B (LEV, from 63.6 to 77.4 mg/dl, 21.7% increase; OXC, from 67.0 to 83.2 mg/dl, 24.2% increase; TPM, from 66.7 to 84.4 mg/dl, 26.5% increase; all p < 0.001), and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (LEV, from 0.51 to 0.61, 19.6% increase; OXC, from 0.52 to 0.67, 28.8% increase; TPM, from 0.50 to 0.67, 34.0% increase; all p < 0.001). Serum apolipoprotein A1 and folate were significantly decreased in TPM (from 139.1 to 132.1 mg/dl, 5.0% decrease, p = 0.014) and OXC (from 8.1 to 6.4 ng/ml, 21.0% decrease, p = 0.046) groups, respectively. There were no significant changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and vitamin B12 in all three groups. Our findings suggest that treatment with some new AEDs might be associated with alterations in circulatory markers of vascular risk, which could contribute to the acceleration of atherosclerosis and increased risk of vascular diseases.
Formant Frequencies are Acoustic Cues to Caller Discrimination and are a Weak Indicator of the Body Size of Corncrake Males
Authors: Budka Michał , Osiejuk Tomasz S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSource–filter theory assumes that calls are generated by a vocal source and are subsequently filtered by the vocal tract. The air in the vocal tract vibrates preferentially at certain resonant frequencies, called formants. Formant frequencies can be a good indicator of the caller's characteristics, such as sex, age, body size or individual identity. Although source–filter theory was originally proposed for mammals, formants are also observed in birds, and some bird species have been shown to perceive formants. In this study, we evaluated the hypotheses that formant frequencies (1) are an indicator of body size and (2) can be used for individual discrimination by a nocturnal bird species, the corncrake (Crex crex). We analysed calls of 104 males from Poland and the Czech Republic. Linear regression models showed that the males with a longer head (including the bill length) had a significantly lower formant dispersion and lower fourth and fifth formant frequencies. However, we found no significant relationships between body weight and any filter‐related acoustic measurement. The formant frequencies had smaller within‐ than between‐individual coefficients of variation. This characteristic of the formant frequencies implies a high potential for individual coding. A discriminant function analysis correctly assigned 94.8% of the calls to the caller based on formants from second to fifth. Our results indicated that the formant frequencies are a weak indicator of the body size of the sender in the corncrake. However, even weak dependence between body size and acoustic properties of signal may be important in natural selection process. Alternatively, such a weak dependence may be observed, because receivers ignore the acoustical, formant‐based cues of body size. Simultaneously, the formants might potentially provide acoustic cues to individual discrimination and could be used to census and monitoring tasks.
Reaching a Critical Juncture for Our Kids: The Need to Reassess School‐Justice Practices
Authors: Skiba Russell J. 
Published: August 2013

Perceived increases in school disruption and violence led to an increased reliance on punitive and exclusionary approaches to school discipline in America's schools in the 1980s and 1990s. Evaluation of these policies has shown little evidence that reliance on suspension and expulsion has led to improvements in school safety and student behavior. Indeed, removal from educational opportunity associated with exclusionary school discipline places students at increased risk of a variety of negative outcomes, including academic disengagement, school dropout, and contact with the juvenile justice system. These risks are even more likely to befall students of color, especially African American students, as they are disproportionately exposed to exclusionary approaches. In recent years, a preventive approach to discipline, stressing instruction and relationship rather than punishment, has begun to provide a clear alternative to zero tolerance.Keypoints
Although zero tolerance was thought to be a promising disciplinary approach, extensive study has found that it does not contribute to preventing school violence or improving school behavior.
Students of color, especially Black students, are overrepresented in out‐of‐school suspension and expulsion, and this is not due to poverty or higher rates of misbehavior among African American students.
Removing students from school through suspension and expulsion seems to place students at risk for a host of negative long‐term outcomes, including decreased school engagement, negative academic outcomes, dropout, and increased risk for juvenile justice involvement.
There are effective alternatives to suspension and expulsion that can keep schools safe without threatening students' opportunity to learn.
Responding to Students Affected by Trauma: Collaboration Across Public Systems
Authors: Smithgall Cheryl , Cusick Gretchen , Griffin Gene 
Published: August 2013

Many youth involved with the juvenile justice system have been exposed to trauma and also struggle in school. Yet, success in school may help to mitigate the effects of trauma exposure and reduce the likelihood of engaging in high‐risk behaviors. Building on the research connecting trauma and learning, this article draws out lessons learned from three initiatives in which public systems attempt to assess trauma and meet both the behavioral health and academic needs of students. Promoting a shared view of child development and an understanding of the impact of trauma on that developmental trajectory is an important step toward implementing an effective, coordinated system of care for high‐risk youth.Keypoints
The education and juvenile justice systems overlap at multiple points, and coordinating their approach to acting‐out youth would be more beneficial to the youth and the systems that serve them.
As juvenile justice systems increasingly recognize the importance of family and the need to address trauma, how to involve and engage families in trauma‐focused assessment and treatment will become all the more critical to juvenile justice practice.
Impact of human‐induced environmental changes on genetic structure and variability inAtlantic salmon,Salmo salar
Authors: Johnsen A. , Brabrand Å. , Anmarkrud J. A. , Bjørnstad G. , Pavels H. , Saltveit S. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe genetic effects onAtlantic salmon,Salmo salarL., populations from potential bottleneck situations caused by human activities in two Norwegian rivers,Lærdalselva andBatnfjordelva, were studied by analysingDNAfrom fish scales collected before and after the populations had been exposed to human‐induced changes: river regulation,Gyrodactylus salarisinfection and rotenone treatment. Using 15 microsatellites, no significant changes were found in the genetic structure and diversity of four population samples fromLærdalselva collected over 34 years. However, salmon fromLærdalselva were significantly differentiated from nearby (Årøyelva) and more distant (Batnfjordelva andSuldalslågen) populations, testifying to the power of the marker system to detect small genetic differences. Furthermore, two population samples fromBatnfjordelva, collected 20 years apart, showed low but significant differentiation. The lack of effects on neutral genetic composition inLærdalselva, despite several potentially severe bottleneck events, indicates that stocking and sea cohorts maintain the status quo of this population.
Electrical Resistivity Characterization of Anisotropy in the Biscayne Aquifer
Authors: Yeboah‐Forson Albert , Whitman Dean 
Published: August 2013

AbstractElectrical anisotropy occurs when electric current flow varies with azimuth. In porous media, this may correspond to anisotropy in the hydraulic conductivity resulting from sedimentary fabric, fractures, or dissolution. In this study, a 28‐electrode resistivity imaging system was used to investigate electrical anisotropy at 13 sites in the Biscayne Aquifer of SE Florida using the rotated square array method. The measured coefficient of electrical anisotropy generally ranged from 1.01 to 1.12 with values as high as 1.36 found at one site. The observed electrical anisotropy was used to estimate hydraulic anisotropy (ratio of maximum to minimum hydraulic conductivity) which ranged from 1.18 to 2.83. The largest values generally were located on the Atlantic Coastal Ridge while the lowest values were in low elevation areas on the margin of the Everglades to the west. The higher values of anisotropy found on the ridge may be due to increased dissolution rates of the oolitic facies of the Miami formation limestone compared with the bryozoan facies to the west. The predominate trend of minimum resistivity and maximum hydraulic conductivity was E‐W/SE‐NW beneath the ridge and E‐W/SW‐NE farther west. The anisotropy directions are similar to the predevelopment groundwater flow direction as indicated in published studies. This suggests that the observed anisotropy is related to the paleo‐groundwater flow in the Biscayne Aquifer.
TSAT is a better predictor than ferritin of hemoglobin response to Epoetin alfa in US dialysis patients
Authors: Gaweda Adam E. , Bhat Premila , Maglinte Gregory A. , Chang Chun‐Lan , Hill Jerrold , Park Grace S. , Ashfaq Akhtar , Gitlin Matthew 
Published: August 2013

AbstractClinical guidelines recommend concurrent treatment of anemia in end‐stage renal disease with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron. However, there are mixed data about optimal iron supplementation. To help address this gap, the relationship between iron markers and hemoglobin (Hb) response to ESA (Epoetin alfa) dose was examined. Electronic medical records of 1902 US chronic hemodialysis patients were analyzed over a 12‐month period between June 2009 and June 2010. The analysis included patients who had at least one Hb value during each 4‐week interval for four consecutive intervals (k − 2, k − 1, k, and k + 1; k is the index interval), received at least one ESA dose during intervals k − 1 or k, had at least one transferrin saturation (TSAT) value at interval k, and at least one ferritin value during intervals k − 2, k − 1, or k. Effect modification by TSAT and ferritin on Hb response was evaluated using the generalized estimating equations approach. Patients had a mean (standard deviation) age of 62 (15) years; 41% were Caucasian, 34% African American, 65% had hypertension, and 39% diabetes. Transferrin saturation, but not ferritin, had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) modifying effect on Hb response. Maximum Hb response was achieved when TSAT was 34%, with minimal incremental effect beyond these levels. Of the two standard clinical iron markers, TSAT should be used as the primary marker of the modifying effect of iron on Hb response to ESA. Long‐term safety of iron use to improve Hb response to ESA warrants further study.
Multimodal Assessment of Optokinetic Visual Stimulation Response in Migraine With Aura
Authors: Griebe Martin , Flux Florian , Wolf Marc E. , Hennerici Michael G. , Szabo Kristina 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess activation patterns and the hemodynamic response to optokinetic stimulation in migraine with aura patients compared with controls.BackgroundIt has been proposed that altered visual motion processing in striate and extrastriate visual areas is present in migraine patients and might play a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Besides activating a large visual network, optokinetic stimulation in particular has been shown to provoke symptoms associated with migraine.MethodsIn this study, we examined the response to visual stimulation in 18 migraine with aura patients compared with 18 healthy controls by using functional magnetic resonance imaging and functional transcranial Doppler, thereby assessing the activation pattern of the visual areas (V1–V5) as well as the vasomotor reactivity of the posterior cerebral artery. For stimulation, we used a vertically rotating optokinetic drum with complex colored figures.ResultsGroup analysis of migraineurs with aura vs controls revealed different activation patterns in functional magnetic resonance imaging: attenuation of the physiological right lateralization with a significantly increased activation in the left V5 complex, the left area V3, and the right V5 complex. Analysis of the visually evoked flow response of the cerebral blood flow velocity in the posterior cerebral artery showed a larger side‐difference of the offset latency (P < .05) and a reduced steepness of the decreasing slope on the left side (P < .05).ConclusionCombining examinations with a good structural (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and temporal (functional transcranial Doppler) resolution is a novel approach to migraine pathophysiology. Our findings of an altered pattern of activation by optokinetic visual stimulation with hyperresponsiveness in visual areas activated by motion perception (V5 and V3) further strengthen the concept of an interictal motion‐processing deficit in migraine. This is complemented by the slower restitution of the visually evoked flow response after stimulus offset in migraine with aura patients.
Headache as a Crucial Symptom in the Etiology of Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Rico María , Benavente Lorena , Para Marta , Santamarta Elena , Pascual Julio , Calleja Sergio 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundConvexal subarachnoid hemorrhage has been associated with different diseases, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and cerebral amyloid angiopathy being the 2 main causes.ObjectiveTo investigate whether headache at onset is determinant in identifying the underlying etiology for convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage.MethodsAfter searching in the database of our hospital, 24 patients were found with convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the last 10 years. The mean age of the sample was 69.5 years. We recorded data referring to demographics, symptoms and neuroimaging.ResultsCerebral amyloid angiopathy patients accounted for 46% of the sample, 13% were diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, 16% with several other etiologies, and in 25%, the cause remained unknown. Mild headache was present only in 1 (9%) of the 11 cerebral amyloid angiopathy patients, while severe headache was the dominant feature in 86% of cases of the remaining etiologies.ConclusionHeadache is a key symptom allowing a presumptive etiological diagnosis of convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage. While the absence of headache suggests cerebral amyloid angiopathy as the more probable cause, severe headache obliges us to rule out other etiologies, such as reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
An unusual co‐occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Rosai–Dorfman disease: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Cohen‐Barak Eran , Rozenman Dganit , Schafer Jan , Krausz Judith , Dodiuk‐Gad Roni , Gabriel Hertzel , Shani‐Adir Ayelet 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe co‐occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH; disorder characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells) and Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD; histiocytic entity that is one of the non‐Langerhans cell diseases) is extremely rare and raises several questions regarding the nature of the diseases.MethodsWe describe a 10‐year‐old boy who presented with a 3‐month history of right scalp swelling. Clinical, pathological, and imaging evaluation disclosed multiple LCH of bone and cutaneous RDD.ResultsAfter initiating prednisone and vinblastine therapy, the patient developed an asymptomatic diffuse papular eruption. Biopsy revealed cutaneous RDD. Treatment was continued with a good response of bone LCH and significant amelioration of the cutaneous findings.ConclusionsCo‐occurrence of LCH and RDD is a rare phenomenon. Various explanations, including the role of chemotherapy, are suggested based on our and several previously reported cases.
Fixed drug eruption in Bangladeshi population: confirmed by provocative test
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Hasibur 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundFixed drug eruption is designated as a typical allergic reaction occurring due to exposure to a medicine. This common dermatological condition is often being ignored for its causative agent as well as the patient's sufferings sometimes become unpredictable.AimsThe objective of this large population study is to identify the causative agents responsible for fixed drug eruption.Materials & MethodsThe study is comprised of 120 suspected patients of fixed drug eruption. History, classic clinical features of well circumscribed erythema, edema, and violaceous pigmentation, and the recurrence of the eruptions on the same sites upon re‐administering drug were used as diagnostic criteria. The drug(s) causing allergic reactions were confirmed by provocation tests.ResultsThe incidence of drug eruption was found distributed in 0.62% amongst all dermatology outpatient attendees. The male to female ratio recorded was 7:2. The highest number of cases was observed within in the age group of 21–35 years. The provocation tests were positive in 92 among 120. The genitalia and lips/face were the most commonly affected site for fixed drug eruption.DiscussionThe drug sulphonamide (including co‐trimoxazole) accounted for the highest number of cases of eruptions (28.33 %). The other drugs, in order of frequency, responsible for the cause of eruptions were identified as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, tetracycline, metronidazole, herbal medicine, paracetamol, fluconazole, penicillin, Griseofulvin, and homeopathic medicine, etc.ConclusionDrug reactions are very frequently experienced by dermatologists in their day‐to‐day practice. The patients are often ignorant of the drugs consumed and often do not accept them as an etiologic factor. A detailed drug history as well as the complaints will be helpful before undertaking the provocation test.
Current trends in leprosy transmission in eastern India in the era of 12‐month multi‐drug treatment: a hospital‐based retrospective study
Authors: Ghosh Aparajita , Panda Saumya 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to study current trends in the occurrence of new cases of leprosy (Hansen's disease [HD]) a decade after significant operational changes in the National Leprosy Elimination Program (NLEP) were enacted by shortening the duration of multi‐drug treatment for multibacillary cases of HD to 12 months and stopping post‐treatment follow‐up.MethodsThe percentages represented by newly diagnosed cases of HD among all new patients attending the dermatology outpatient department (OPD) from April 2008 to March 2011 were calculated from hospital records. Patient age and sex, and type of disease were noted in each case, and annual data were compared. The OPD data were also matched with population data for the catchment area of the hospital (i.e. the South 24‐Parganas district).ResultsThere was a slight annual decline in the percentage of new cases represented by HD, but this was not statistically significant. This trend broadly corroborated changes in the annual new case detection rate in the catchment area of the hospital. In addition, the percentage of HD cases represented by paucibacillary disease was significantly higher than that represented by multibacillary HD (P = 0.0072).ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of this type to be conducted in eastern India. The present data indicate that significant transmission of HD is ongoing in the community.