bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New species and additional records of Coenogonium (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from southern South America
Authors: FERRARO Lidia I. , MICHLIG Andrea 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFour new species of lichenized fungi from northern Argentina are described and illustrated: Coenogonium albomarginatum Michlig & L. I. Ferraro, C. brasiliense L. I. Ferraro & Michlig, C. flavovirens L. I. Ferraro & Michlig, and C. verrucosum Michlig & L. I. Ferraro. In addition, C. isidiatum (G. Thor & Vězda) Lücking et al., C. magdalenae Rivas Plata, Lücking & Lizano, C. persistens (Malme) Lücking et al., C. pusillum (Mont.) Lücking et al., and C. weberi (Vězda) Lücking et al. are recorded for the first time from South America. The known distribution of 24 species of this lichen genus is extended. A revision of the genus in Argentina and Paraguay is also presented.
Cascading and feedback in interactive models of production: A reflection of forward modeling?
Authors: Dell Gary S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInteractive theories of lexical retrieval in language production assume that activation cascades from earlier to later processing levels, and feeds back in the reverse direction. This commentary invites Pickering & Garrod (P&G) to consider whether cascading and feedback can be seen as a form of forwarding modeling within a hierarchical production system.
Memory and cognitive control in an integrated theory of language processing
Authors: Slevc L. Robert , Novick Jared M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPickering & Garrod's (P&G's) integrated model of production and comprehension includes no explicit role for nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Yet, how domain-general cognitive functions contribute to language processing has become clearer with well-specified theories and supporting data. We therefore believe that their account can benefit by incorporating functions like working memory and cognitive control into a unified model of language processing.
Are forward models enough to explain self-monitoring? Insights from patients and eye movements
Authors: Hartsuiker Robert J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAt the core of Pickering & Garrod's (P&G's) theory is a monitor that uses forward models. I argue that this account is challenged by neuropsychological findings and visual world eye-tracking data and that it has two conceptual problems. I propose that conflict monitoring avoids these issues and should be considered a promising alternative to perceptual loop and forward modeling theories.
Predictive coding? Yes, but from what source?
Authors: Hickok Gregory 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThere is little doubt that predictive coding is an important mechanism in language processing–indeed, in information processing generally. However, it is less clear whether the action system is the source of such predictions during perception. Here I summarize the computational problem with motor prediction for perceptual processes and argue instead for a dual-stream model of predictive coding.
China's Implementation of Alternatives Assessment in the Building Industry: GIGA
Authors: Zang Brandon , Wallis Raefer K. , Dick Ryan D. 
Published: June 2013

China has been known as the world's factory for decades. It is synonymous with cheap goods, heavy pollution, copyright infringement and innumerable breaches of trust. Despite its infamous recent history, this chapter explores how China is poised to become a global leader in the demand for the assessment of chemical alternatives. In order to understand how the world's most populous country can undergo this radical transformation, one must understand its cultural history and drivers of change. This chapter begins with China's long relationship with personal health and explains the impact of newly found wealth and access to information. It continues by exploring how the combination of social media and China's tenuous relationship with trust can move the demand for chemicals assessment into the hands of everyday consumers. Finally, it ends by giving an example of how these lessons are being applied locally through an online platform.
It is important to note that the authors of this chapter are neither toxicologists nor pioneers in the development of green chemistry. Rather, they are architects and chemists who have spent the past four and a half years researching and implementing ways to create demand for green chemistry and alternatives assessment. This chapter is not a scientific piece, but rather a report on how the authors are attempting to harness developments and trends in both the IT and building industries to support research in the assessment of chemical alternatives.
Un‐freezing the turbulence: application to LiDAR‐assisted wind turbine control
Authors: Bossanyi Ervin 
Published: June 2013

Recent developments in LiDAR technology have led to much interest in the possibility of improving turbine control by using a turbine‐mounted LiDAR, to provide advance information about the approaching wind field. This could significantly reduce turbine loads, bringing improved cost‐effectiveness, especially for large turbines. There have also been claims of direct increases in energy capture as a result of using such preview information. This study reports on an independent study employing detailed analytical methods to evaluate the likely benefits of LiDAR‐assisted control and advise LiDAR manufacturers about the characteristics of their systems, which are most likely to be useful for this application. Accurate simulation models are vital for assessing the performance of LiDARs and controllers which use them. Current models use Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis, but this is not strictly valid when LiDAR is used to measure upstream wind speeds, as the measured wind cannot be assumed to convect unchanged to the turbine. A method for avoiding the frozen turbulence assumption is proposed, and simulation results are presented to illustrate the effect on fatigue load reductions which LiDAR‐assisted control might achieve. A detailed assessment of possible LiDAR benefits is made using the UPWIND generic 5 MW turbine as an example.
Analysis of electrical power data for condition monitoring of a small wind turbine
Authors: Barton John P. , Watson Simon J. 
Published: June 2013

Certain parts of a wind turbine, for example, the gearbox require significant time and heavy lifting equipment in the event of catastrophic failure necessitating replacement. Continuous condition monitoring has the potential to catch problems early, enable scheduled preventative maintenance and thereby reduce turbine downtime, reduce the number of site visits and prevent secondary damage. Accelerometers applied to mechanical components of the drive train are traditionally used for condition monitoring, but require their own data acquisition system and analysis software. In contrast, the electrical current and voltage are continuously measured and could also be used for condition monitoring more cheaply. An experimental data acquisition system has been installed on a small (25 kW) onshore turbine in Leicestershire, UK to compare three‐phase currents and voltages on the stator windings with six accelerometer signals. Data have been recorded before and after a gearbox failure and replacement. Data were analysed using both Fourier transform and Morlet continuous wavelet transform methods. Results show that the stator voltages show the same radial and axial mode vibration frequencies as the accelerometers, and could therefore be used for condition monitoring. Furthermore, the stator currents show torsional modes of vibration not picked up by the accelerometers.
Wideband microstrip‐line‐fed hexagonal slot antenna for WiMAX and wireless local area network applications
Authors: Chattopadhyay Krishnendu , Roy Choudhury Somdotta , Das Santanu , Bhadra Chaudhuri Sekhar Ranjan 
Published: June 2013

A wideband microstrip‐line‐fed hexagonal wide‐slot antenna is proposed and experimentally investigated. The hexagonal slot excited by a simple 50 Ω microstrip line with a rotation angle of 0° having 470 MHz bandwidth is considered as a reference antenna. The proposed hexagonal slot is rotated by 30° and excited by a 50 Ω line loaded by a hexagonal tuning stub. The experimental results exhibit matching impedance below a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 5165 MHz (2.117–7.282 GHz) covering all the WiMAX and wireless local area network band applications, which is about 110% w.r.t. a centre frequency of 4699.5 MHz. The impedance, radiation and gain characteristics of the proposed configuration are studied and the results are exhibited accordingly.
“Mutual understanding” in Tatarstan?
Authors: Veinguer Aurora Álvarez 
Published: June 2013

This paper is based on ethnographic research conducted in Tatarstan between 1997 and 2000, during the process of ethno-national rebirth, when promotion of the Tatar language emerged as a key element of government policy. At this time, the linguistic landscape in Tatarstan was characterized by four distinct features which, far from being complementary, existed in a state of mutual tension: (1) a monolinguistic heritage, due to the historical dominance of Russian; (2) a claimed ‘bilingualism’ following the declaration of Tatarstan’s sovereignty; (3) the ethno-linguistic revival of Tatar, evident in some institutional contexts; and (4) the global monolinguistic hegemony of English in scientific and technological discourse, which made proficiency in English essential. Taking this complex background into account, this article analyzes the different attitudes to the Tatar language shown by pupils and teachers in Tatar and non-Tatar gymnásias (specialist secondary schools) in the capital city of Kazan.
Impact of increasing deployment of artificial floating objects on the spatial distribution of social fish species
Authors: Sempo Grégory , Dagorn Laurent , Robert Marianne , Deneubourg Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2013

SummaryApproximately 300 pelagic fish species naturally aggregate around floating objects (FOBs) at the surface of the oceans. Currently, more than 50% of the world catch of tropical tuna comes from the industrial tuna fisheries around driftingFOBs. Greater understanding of the complex decision‐making processes leading to this aggregation pattern and the impact of the massive release of artificialFOBs by fishermen on the spatial distribution and management of tuna is needed.We analyse how the interplay between social (relationships between individuals) and non‐social (responses to the environment) behaviours may affect the spatial distribution of a population in a multi‐FOBenvironment. Taking the example of tropical tunas associating withFOBs and using differential equations and stochastic simulations, we examine how, when increasing the number ofFOBs, fish aggregation dynamics and the distribution of the population among patches are affected by the population size, level of sociality and the natural retentive and/or attractive forces ofFOBs on individual tuna.Our model predicts that, depending on the species' level of sociality, fish will be scattered amongFOBs or aggregated around a singleFOBbased on the number ofFOBs deployed in a homogeneous oceanic region.For social species, we demonstrated that the total fish catch is reduced with increasingFOBs number. Indeed, for each size of population, there are a number ofFOBs minimizing the total population of fish associated withFOBs and another number ofFOBs maximizing the total population of associated fish.Synthesis and applications. In terms of fisheries management, the total catch volume is directly linked to the total number of floating objects (FOBs) for non‐social species, and any limit on the number of sets would then result in a limit on the total catch. For social species (e.g. tuna), however, increasing the number ofFOBs does not necessarily lead to an increase in the total catch, which is a non‐intuitive result. Indeed, our model shows that, for specific values of the parameters, deploying a greater number ofFOBs in the water (all other parameters being constant) does not necessarily help fishermen to catch more tuna, but does increase the level of fishing effort and bycatch.
Protocols for dry DNA storage and shipment at room temperature
Authors: Ivanova Natalia V. , Kuzmina Masha L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe globalization of DNA barcoding will require core analytical facilities to develop cost‐effective, efficient protocols for the shipment and archival storage of DNA extracts and PCR products. We evaluated three dry‐state DNA stabilization systems: commercial Biomatrica® DNAstable® plates, home‐made trehalose and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) plates on 96‐well panels of insect DNA stored at 56 °C and at room temperature. Controls included unprotected samples that were stored dry at room temperature and at 56 °C, and diluted samples held at 4 °C and at −20 °C. PCR and selective sequencing were performed over a 4‐year interval to test the condition of DNA extracts. Biomatrica® provided better protection of DNA at 56 °C and at room temperature than trehalose and PVA, especially for diluted samples. PVA was the second best protectant after Biomatrica® at room temperature, whereas trehalose was the second best protectant at 56 °C. In spite of lower PCR success, the DNA stored at −20 °C yielded longer sequence reads and stronger signal, indicating that temperature is a crucial factor for DNA quality which has to be considered especially for long‐term storage. Although it is premature to advocate a transition to DNA storage at room temperature, dry storage provides an additional layer of security for frozen samples, protecting them from degradation in the event of freezer failure. All three forms of DNA preservation enable shipment of dry DNA and PCR products between barcoding facilities.
Antioxidant profile in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I
Authors: Baykal Tuba , Seferoglu Buminhan , Karsan Orhan , Kiziltunc Ahmet , Senel Kazim 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I is one of the most important problems with regard to physical medicine and rehabilitation. CRPS may cause not only higher therapeutic costs but also greater work time loss. The mechanism and pathogenesis of CRPS still remains unknown. Some findings indicating oxidative stress have been reported. This study was carried out to determine the role of oxidative stress in patients with CRPS.Materials and methodsTwenty patients (13 women and seven men) with CRPS and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Complex regional pain syndrome was diagnosed according to the modified International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria. We evaluated demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients. Antioxidant enzymatic activities consisting of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activities were measured using appropriate methods and compared with healthy controls.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 39.5 years and the mean duration of symptoms was 5.5 months. Complex regional pain syndrome devoleped after a traumatic event in 90% of patients. In 10% of patients there were no traumatic events. SOD, GPX and GST levels were significantly higher in patients with CRPS than healthy controls (P = 0.012, P = 0.036 and P = 0.016, respectively).ConclusionOur findings suggest a possible role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CRPS.
Seed addition via epizoochorous dispersal in restoration: an experimental approach mimicking the colonization of bare soil patches
Authors: Freund Linda , Eichberg Carsten , Retta Iris , Schwabe Angelika 
Published: June 2013

AbstractQuestionsDoes epizoochorous dispersal via sheep lead to the establishment of populations of sandy grassland species on newly created, managed restoration sites on sandy bare soil? Do epizoochorously‐induced spatial patterns persist during vegetation development? Does sandy grassland develop, which is rich in epizoochorously‐dispersed target species?LocationUpper Rhine Valley, Germany.MethodsA 6‐yr experiment on epizoochorous dispersal by sheep was conducted on three newly created deep sand deposition sites mimicking restoration areas with reduced nutrient availability. Establishment success and persistence of ten epizoochorously‐dispersed species were assessed and spatial patterns were analysed using SADIE (Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices). Vegetation development of the experimental areas was related to a nearby nature reserve (relevés, target species ratios). In addition, seed rain and early‐successional soil seed bank were sampled.ResultsAll but one species dispersed by sheep became established and persisted during the 6‐yr study. After establishment, most perennials did not change or increased in abundance over time, whereas annuals showed various population dynamics. Spatial patterns were aggregated for most study species. Similarity of spatial patterns between consecutive years varied by species, site and year, and was stronger in perennial than in annual species. Patterns of seed dispersal and establishment were positively associated with each other (a subset of three species was tested). Within 6 yrs, the proportion, but not the cover, of target species in the experimental areas reached a level similar to that of a nearby nature reserve; however, many species characteristic of the nature reserve were absent. The species compositions of both seed bank and seed rain were dominated by non‐target species.ConclusionsSheep flocks may assist in colonization of grassland species on newly created bare soil areas via epizoochory. The incorporation of livestock into restoration projects might facilitate the regeneration and preservation of threatened plant populations. Livestock might be most successful in promoting biodiversity if they are moved from communities with target species to restoration areas.
Effect of Rosiglitazone on Liver Structure and Function in Genetically Diabetic Akita Mice
Authors: Hemmeryckx Bianca , Gaekens Marijke , Gallacher David J. , Lu Hua Rong , Lijnen Henri Roger 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGenetically diabetic Akita mice, kept on a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet, and treated with the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonist rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg per day during 4 months), displayed rosiglitazone‐induced side effects, similar to those observed in patients, including weight and fat gain and early signs of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. As several cases of hepatotoxicity were reported in patients receiving rosiglitazone treatment, this study evaluated whether rosiglitazone also induced hepatotoxicity in these diabetic animals. Liver structure and function was analysed in wild‐type and rosiglitazone‐treated and untreated Akita mice, kept for 4 months on the high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet. Decreased circulating levels of the liver enzymes aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and increased levels of alkaline phosphatases were observed upon rosiglitazone treatment, whereas liver weight was markedly increased. Rosiglitazone administration was associated with liver steatosis, as demonstrated by triglyceride accumulation. However, gene expression of steatosis markers in liver tissue was not markedly affected by rosiglitazone treatment, while expression of fatty acid transport protein was reduced by rosiglitazone treatment, suggesting an impairment of the fatty acid β‐oxidation pathway. mRNA expression of pro‐ and anti‐oxidant enzymes and liver 3‐nitrotyrosine content was not affected. Furthermore, gene and protein expression of macrophage markers and of cell adhesion molecules did not indicate progression to steatohepatitis, whereas an unaltered collagen deposition did not suggest steatofibrosis. In conclusion, rosiglitazone treatment of diabetic Akita mice induced liver steatosis without, however, progression to more advanced stages of liver disease.
The Rise of Social Assistance in Brazil
Authors: Barrientos Armando 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe rise of social assistance in Brazil has been remarkable. The 1988 Constitution signalled a renewed ‘social contract’ leading to citizenship‐based social assistance providing guaranteed income to older and disabled people in poverty. Municipal activism in the 1990s extended the provision of direct transfers to all households in poverty through Bolsa Escola and other programmes later consolidated into Bolsa Família. This article studies the origins and evolution of social assistance institutions in Brazil, paying due attention to the role of ideas and politics.
The evolving course of HNF4A hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia—a case series
Authors: McGlacken‐Byrne S. M. , Hawkes C. P. , Flanagan S. E. , Ellard S. , McDonnell C. M. , Murphy N. P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundHepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) gene mutations have a well‐recognized role in maturity‐onset diabetes of the young and have recently been described in congenital hyperinsulinism. A biphasic phenotype has been postulated, with macrosomia and congenital hyperinsulinism in infancy, and diabetes in young adulthood. In this case series, we report three children with HNF4A mutations (two de novo) and diazoxide‐responsive congenital hyperinsulinism, highlighting the potential for ongoing diazoxide requirement and the importance of screening for these mutations even in the absence of family history.Case reportsAll patients presented with macrosomia (mean birthweight 4.26 kg) and hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia soon after birth (median age 1 day). All three (age range 7 months to 11 years 10 months) remain on diazoxide therapy, with dose requirements increasing in one patient. There was no prior family history of diabetes, neonatal hypoglycaemia or macrosomia. Parents were screened for HNF4A mutations post‐diagnosis and one father was subsequently found to have maturity‐onset diabetes of the young.ConclusionsThis case series follows the evolving course of three patients with confirmed HNF4A‐mediated congenital hyperinsulinism, highlighting (1) the variable natural history of these mutations, (2) the potential for prolonged diazoxide requirement, even into adolescence, and (3) the need for screening, regardless of family history.
Risk of pneumonia and pneumococcal disease in people hospitalized with diabetes mellitus: English record‐linkage studies
Authors: Seminog O. O. , Goldacre M. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of invasive pneumococcal disease is higher in people with diabetes mellitus than those without. People with diabetes should be considered for routine pneumococcal immunization. This policy has been in place in England for more than a decade. We aimed to estimate, at the population level, the current scale of excess risk of pneumococcal disease in patients with diabetes, and whether the risks have decreased in recent years with the introduction of a pneumococcal vaccine.MethodsWe used two data sets of linked hospital admission and death records—the Oxford Record Linkage Study (1963–1998) and all‐England linked hospital episode statistics (1999–2011). As a measure of relative risk, we calculated the rate ratio of pneumococcal disease in cohorts of people hospitalized with diabetes compared with cohorts without a record of diabetes.ResultsThe risk of pneumococcal disease in patients hospitalized with diabetes mellitus has declined a little, but it is still high. The all‐ages rate ratio in England declined from 1.92 (95% CI 1.89–1.94) in 1999–2002 to 1.68 (95% CI 1.65–1.71) in 2007–2011. In people aged under 60 years, rate ratios were higher and their decline was more substantial: rate ratios declined from 3.37 (95% CI 3.28–3.46) in 1999–2002 to 2.33 (95% CI 2.21–2.45) in 2007–2011.ConclusionsPatients admitted to hospital with diabetes mellitus remain at increased risk of pneumococcal infection despite a national immunization policy. Possible explanations for the elevated risk include low vaccine uptake or low effectiveness of available vaccine. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of pneumococcal infection in people with diabetes.