bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of thermally stratified medium on transient convective heat transfer between co‐axial horizontal fixed pipes: Applications of the thermal stratification
Authors: Nabwey Hossam A. , Bibi Bakhtawar , Ashraf Muhammad , Rashad Ahmed M. , Hawsah Miad Abu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermal stratification improves coaxial pipe systems’ efficiency and stability. Thermal stratification enables accurate temperature maintenance, reduces thermal stress, optimizes heat transmission performance, and minimizes usage of energy to guarantee the system's long‐term performance. The main aim of the current study is to investigate the impacts of thermal stratification on buoyancy force flow and thermal transmission between coaxial fixed pipes. In the present research, the applications of thermally stratified medium on transient convective heat transfer between two coaxial fixed pipes are studied. A two‐dimensional mathematical formulation in terms of mutually nonlinear partial differential equations is used to analyze the unsteady flow and temperature field between the co‐axial pipes, when the internal pipe is uniformly heated and the outer wall of the external pipe is placed at infinity from the surface of the inner fixed pipe. Flow is assumed along the axial direction of the internal pipe and stationary boundary condition is assumed at the surface of the inner pipe. The coupled equations of the simulated model are solved numerically by applying the Implicit Finite Difference Technique. The computed outcomes in the form of geometrical interpretation are highlighted by using the technically advanced software TECHPLOT‐360. Comprehensive detail of the obtained results for the non‐dimensional parameters included in the flow formulation is predicted for steady state velocity, temperature distribution, time‐dependent surface shearness and time‐dependent energy shearness in results and discussion section of the manuscript. The emphasis is placed on the thermal stratification parameter in the above mentioned chief quantities. From the obtained results, it is predicted that the fluid flow pattern and thermal distribution are both reduced for rising values of the thermal stratification parameter S = 0.001, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07. Minimum flow and thermal profile are observed at S = 0.07. Further, the amplitude of the time‐dependent surface shearness is uniformly distributed throughout the medium and the amplitude of the time‐dependent energy shearness is reduced effectively for S = 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0.
The Swiss Cooperative Landscape: A Quantitative and Qualitative Overview
Authors: Gutmann Martin , Niedworok Anja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCooperatives play an important role in the Swiss society. Swiss cooperatives can be found in cities as well as rural Alpine areas, from nationwide organizations to small, less corporate-like ones. This chapter illustrates the diversity of Swiss cooperatives today through a quantitative and qualitative lens. The first section gives an overview of Swiss cooperatives today in terms of numbers and distribution along geographic groupings, economic activity, size, and economic impact as well as their public perception and recent media resonance. The second part of the chapter sketches how various cooperatives are coping with a challenging and changing economic landscape. This includes a discussion of how large and established cooperatives are evolving, using a case as an example, and an examination of how smaller cooperatives are adapting and sometimes thriving in new, socially critical areas: farming, housing, and energy. Finally, the conclusion summarizes key findings and what the future may hold.
Schluss
Authors: Breger Max 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungFolter ist unmenschlich und menschlich zugleich: unmenschlich im normativen Sinne, weil sie eine Normverletzung humanistischer Verhaltenserwartungen und Rechte darstellt, das heißt: Menschen nicht so behandelt werden, wie es unsere humanistische Kosmologie vorsieht. Menschlich ist Folter, weil sie von Menschen an Menschen vollzogen wird. Sie besteht aus Situationskonstellationen und -verkettungen, die organisational auf das Erzeugen von severepain and suffering der Gefolterten hin strukturiert werden und eine kaum überbietbare Asymmetrie herstellen. Dieses Kapitel fasst die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zusammen und diskutiert insbesondere die Verkettung und Dezentralität von Folter, die Psychologisierung moderner Folter, die Frage nach dem Interaktionscharakter und der extremen Asymmetrie von Folter sowie die Rolle von Sichtbarkeiten und Unsichtbarkeiten.
Study on the Stability of Rock Walls in Shallow-Buried Tunnels with Small Clearances in Layered Rock Masses
Authors: He Xiaojun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the engineering of tunnels with small clearances, the structural features of rock layers play a crucial role in the stability of the central rock walls. This study employed the Discrete Element Method software (UDEC) to simulate the mechanical response of tunnels with small clearances under various rock layer dip angles, both in unfortified conditions and when reinforced with shotcrete. The research thoroughly examined the deformation patterns of the central rock walls, the development process of the plastic zones, and the dynamic changes in the stress distribution along the rock layer interfaces. The findings indicate that the deformation of the central rock walls is most significant when the rock layer dip angle is around 60°. Timely reinforcement with shotcrete effectively restricts the expansion of the plastic zones. Additionally, the characteristics of the rock layer interfaces play a decisive role in the stability of the central rock walls, with a higher risk of slip failure under certain dip angles.
Study on the Circumferential Mechanical Properties of Buried PE Pipes with Soil Erosion Void
Authors: Hu Jinqiu , Yan Xuefeng , Zeng Cong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoil erosion void is a common pipeline defect, which has a great impact on the stability and safety of pipeline operation, but the force characteristics for eroded pipes are still unclear. Buried PE pipes in municipal engineering are taken as the research object, and the calculation method of soil pressure at the bottom of the pipe with soil erosion void is proposed, and the influence of factors such as size and location of the void on the stress characteristics of buried PE pipes with soil erosion void is studied by using the numerical model. The results of the study show that the void will affect the structural stress of PE pipes, the size of the void is positively correlated with the influence degree and influence range of the pipe; the location of the void determines the influence location of the pipe.
Bilinear Fronsdal currents in the AdS4 higher-spin theory
Authors: Tatarenko Yu. A. , Vasiliev M. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We analyse higher-spin theory with general coupling constant η at the second order, focusing on the gauge non-invariant vertices Υ(ω, ω), Υ(Ω, ω, C) and Υ(ω, C), that are shown to generate nontrivial currents in the Fronsdal equations. Explicit expressions for the currents are found in the frame-like formalism counterpart of the TT gauge worked out in the paper. The nonlinear higher-spin theory is shown to generate all types of Metsaev’s currents with the coupling constants manifestly expressed via the complex coupling constant η of the higher-spin theory. It is shown that all currents in the higher-spin theory are conformal in the TT gauge except for those bilinear in the higher-spin gauge fields ω.
PCN: a deep learning approach to jet tagging utilizing novel graph construction methods and Chebyshev graph convolutions
Authors: Semlani Yash , Relan Mihir , Ramesh Krithik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Jet tagging is a classification problem in high-energy physics experiments that aims to identify the collimated sprays of subatomic particles, jets, from particle collisions and ‘tag’ them to their emitter particle. Advances in jet tagging present opportunities for searches of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Current approaches use deep learning to uncover hidden patterns in complex collision data. However, the representation of jets as inputs to a deep learning model have been varied, and often, informative features are withheld from models. In this study, we propose a graph-based representation of a jet that encodes the most information possible. To learn best from this representation, we design Particle Chebyshev Network (PCN), a graph neural network (GNN) using Chebyshev graph convolutions (ChebConv). ChebConv has been demonstrated as an effective alternative to classical graph convolutions in GNNs and has yet to be explored in jet tagging. PCN achieves a substantial improvement in accuracy over existing taggers and opens the door to future studies into graph-based representations of jets and ChebConv layers in high-energy physics experiments. Code is available at https://github.com/YVSemlani/PCN-Jet-Tagging
Missing local operators, zeros, and twist-4 trajectories
Authors: Henriksson Johan , Kravchuk Petr , Oertel Brett 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The number of local operators in a CFT below a given twist grows with spin. Consistency with analyticity in spin then requires that at low spin, infinitely many Regge trajectories must decouple from local correlation functions, implying infinitely many vanishing conditions for OPE coefficients. In this paper we explain the mechanism behind this infinity of zeros. Specifically, the mechanism is related to the two-point function rather than the three-point function, explaining the vanishing of OPE coefficients in every correlator from a single condition. We illustrate our result by studying twist-4 Regge trajectories in the Wilson-Fisher CFT at one loop.
Structure-dependent QED in $$ {B}^{-}\to {\ell}^{-}\overline{\nu}\left(\gamma \right) $$
Authors: Rowe Matthew , Zwicky Roman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Based on explicitly gauge invariant interpolating operators we compute complete next-leading order QED-corrections for leptonic decays. These are sizeable since the helicity-suppression in V-A interactions allows for structure-dependent collinear logs. We have explicitly checked that these logs are absent for helicity-unsuppressed Yukawa-type transitions. Based on B → γ form factors we present the rates for $$ {B}^{-}\to \left({\mu}^{-},{\tau}^{-}\right)\overline{\nu}\left(\gamma \right) $$

B
−

→

μ
−

τ
−

ν
¯

γ

in differential and integrated form as a function of the photon energy cut-off $$ {E}_{\gamma}^{\textrm{cut}} $$

E
γ
cut

. The effect of the virtual structure-dependent corrections are approximately +5% and +3% for the μ- and τ-channel respectively. The structure dependence of the real radiation exceeds that of the virtual one for $$ {\left.{E}_{\gamma}^{\textrm{cut}}\right|}_{\mu } $$

E
γ
cut

μ

> 0.18(3) GeV and is subdominant for the tau channel even when fully inclusive.
On the charge algebra of causal diamonds in three dimensional gravity
Authors: Pulakkat Pranav 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Covariant phase space methods are applied to the analysis of a causal diamond in 2+1-dimensional pure Einstein gravity. It is found that the reduced phase space is parametrized by a family of charges with a dual geometrical interpretation: they are geometric observables on the corner of the diamond, and they generate diffeomorphisms. The Poisson brackets among them close into an algebra. Knowledge of the corner charges therefore permits reconstruction of the diamond geometry, which realizes a form of local holography. The results are contrasted with the literature, and the path to a quantum description of spacetime geometry is discussed.
Quasibound and quasinormal modes of a thick brane in Rastall gravity
Authors: Tan Qin , Zhong Yi , Guo Wen-Di 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we study the gravitational quasinormal modes of the thick brane in Rastall gravity. Using the asymptotic iteration and direct integration methods, we solve the quasinormal frequencies of the Rastall thick brane. We also obtained the waveforms of these quasinormal modes through numerical evolution. The results indicate that although the Rastall thick brane lacks a bound zero mode, when the Rastall parameter λ ≳ 0, a long-lived quasinormal mode appears. This long-lived quasinormal mode may restore the four-dimensional effective Newtonian potential on the brane on a large scale. This may provide a new perspective for the localization of gravity on thick branes, that a thick brane does not necessarily require the gravity to be localized, perhaps quasi-localized is sufficient.
Impact of the cosmic neutrino background on long-range force searches
Authors: Chauhan Garv , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Light bosons can mediate long-range forces. We show that light bosonic mediators interacting with a background medium, in particular, with the cosmic neutrino background (CνB), may induce medium-dependent masses which could effectively screen long-range forces from detection. This leads to profound implications for long-range force searches in e.g. the Eöt-Wash, MICROSCOPE, and lunar laser-ranging (LLR) experiments. For instance, we find that when the coupling of the mediator to neutrinos is above 3 × 10−10 or 5 × 10−13, bounds from LLR and experiments employing the Sun as an attractor, respectively, would be entirely eliminated. Larger values of the coupling can also substantially alleviate bounds from searches conducted at shorter distances.
Extremal black hole decay in de Sitter space
Authors: Aalsma Lars , van der Schaar Jan Pieter , Visser Manus R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The decay of extremal charged black holes has been a useful guidance to derive consistency conditions in quantum gravity. In de Sitter space it has been argued that requiring (extremal) charged Nariai black holes to decay without forming a big crunch singularity yields the Festina Lente (FL) bound: particles with mass ms and charge q should satisfy $$ {m}_s^2\gg {M}_p Hq $$

m
s
2

≫

M
p

Hq
, where Mp is the Planck mass and H the Hubble parameter. Using a tunneling approach we show that the decay probability of charged black holes in de Sitter space in the s-wave sector is P ∼ exp(∆Sb), where ∆Sb is the change in the black hole entropy. We find that the FL bound corresponds to ∆Sb ≤ – 1 in the Nariai and probe limit. However, taking into account backreaction we identify unsuppressed decay channels, which might be subdominant, that violate this bound but nonetheless do not result in a big crunch for every observer.
Composite dark matter and neutrino masses from a light hidden sector
Authors: Ahmed Aqeel , Chacko Zackaria , Desai Niral , Doshi Sanket , Kilic Can , Najjari Saereh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study a class of models in which the particle that constitutes dark matter arises as a composite state of a strongly coupled hidden sector. The hidden sector interacts with the Standard Model through the neutrino portal, allowing the relic abundance of dark matter to be set by annihilation into final states containing neutrinos. The coupling to the hidden sector also leads to the generation of neutrino masses through the inverse seesaw mechanism, with composite hidden sector states playing the role of the singlet neutrinos. We focus on the scenario in which the hidden sector is conformal in the ultraviolet, and the compositeness scale lies at or below the weak scale. We construct a holographic realization of this framework based on the Randall-Sundrum setup and explore the implications for experiments. We determine the current constraints on this scenario from direct and indirect detection, lepton flavor violation and collider experiments and explore the reach of future searches. We show that in the near future, direct detection experiments and searches for μ → e conversion will be able to probe new parameter space. At colliders, dark matter can be produced in association with composite singlet neutrinos via Drell Yan processes or in weak decays of hadrons. We show that current searches at the Large Hadron Collider have only limited sensitivity to this new production channel and we comment on how the reconstruction of the singlet neutrinos can potentially expand the reach.
ISL1-overexpressing BMSCs attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress through the paracrine action
Authors: Wang Jiale , Wang Jingwen , Lu Cuinan , Wang Ying , Bi Huanjing , Zheng Jin , Ding Xiaoming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major event in renal transplantation, leading to adverse outcomes. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are novel promising therapeutics for repairing kidney injuries. The therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs with ISL1 overexpression in renal IRI and its underlying mechanism need to be investigated. The unilateral renal IRI rat model was established to mimic clinical acute kidney injury. Rats were injected with PBS, BMSCs-Scrambled or BMSCs-ISL1 via the tail vein at the timepoint of reperfusion, and then sacrificed after 24 h of reperfusion. The administration of BMSCs-ISL1 significantly improved renal function, inhibited tubular cells apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress in rats. In vitro, HKC cells subjected to H2O2 stimulation were pretreated with the conditioned medium (CM) of BMSCs-Scrambled or BMSCs-ISL1. The pretreatment of ISL1-CM attenuated apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in HKC cells. Our proteomic data suggested that haptoglobin (Hp) was one of the secretory proteins in ISL1-CM. Subsequent experiments confirmed that Hp was the important paracrine factor from BMSCs-ISL1 that exerted anti-apoptotic and antioxidant functions. Mechanistically, Hp played a cytoprotective role via the inhibition of ERK signaling pathway, which could be abrogated by Ro 67-7476, the ERK phosphorylation agonist. The results suggested that paracrine action may be the main mechanism for BMSCs-ISL1 to exert protective effects. As an important anti-apoptotic and antioxidant factor in ISL1-CM, Hp may serve as a new therapeutic agent for treating IRI, providing new insights for overcoming the long-term adverse effects of stem cell therapy.
A $$C^1$$-Itô’s Formula for Flows of Semimartingale Distributions
Authors: Bouchard Bruno , Tan Xiaolu , Wang Jixin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe provide an Itô’s formula for $$C^1$$

C
1

-functionals of flows of conditional marginal distributions of continuous semimartingales. This is based on the notion of weak Dirichlet process, and extends the $$C^1$$

C
1

-Itô’s formula in Gozzi and Russo (Stoch Process Appl 116(11):1563–1583, 2006) to this context. As the first application, we study a class of McKean–Vlasov optimal control problems, and establish a verification theorem which only requires $$C^1$$

C
1

-regularity of its value function, which is equivalently the (viscosity) solution of the associated HJB master equation. It goes together with a novel duality result.
Efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor antibody rechallenge in RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional observational study
Authors: Fukuda Koshiro , Osumi Hiroki , Yoshinami Yuri , Ooki Akira , Takashima Atsuo , Wakatsuki Takeru , Hirano Hidekazu , Nakayama Izuma , Ouchi Kota , Sawada Ryoichi , Fukuoka Shota , Ogura Mariko , Takahari Daisuke , Chin Keisho , Shoji Hirokazu , Okita Natsuko , Kato Ken , Ishizuka Naoki , Boku Narikazu , Yamaguchi Kensei , Shinozaki Eiji 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) RAS mutant (MT) incidence before salvage-line treatment and the clinicopathological features and molecular biological factors associated with the efficacy of anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) rechallenge for tissue RAS/BRAF wild type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods
This multi-institutional retrospective observational study included 74 patients with mCRC with tissue RAS/BRAF WT refractory to first-line chemotherapy containing anti-EGFR mAb. ctDNA RAS status was assessed using the OncoBEAM™ RAS CRC Kit. We explored the clinicopathological features associated with ctDNA RAS status and the factors related to anti-EGFR mAb rechallenge efficacy in multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results
The incidence of RAS MT in ctDNA was 40.5% (30/74), which was associated with primary tumor resection (P = 0.016), liver metastasis (P < 0.001), and high tumor marker levels (P < 0.001). Among the 39 patients treated with anti-EGFR mAb rechallenge, those with ctDNA RAS WT showed significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those with ctDNA RAS MT (median 4.1 vs. 2.7 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39, P = 0.045). Patients who responded to first-line anti-EGFR mAb showed significantly longer PFS (HR = 0.21, P = 0.0026) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.23, P = 0.026) than those with stable disease.

Conclusions
The incidence of ctDNA RAS MT mCRC was 40.5%, which was associated with liver metastases and high tumor volumes. Anti-EGFR mAb rechallenge may be effective for patients with mCRC who responded to first-line chemotherapy containing anti-EGFR mAb. No patients with RAS MT in ctDNA responded to anti-EGFR mAb rechallenge.
Lyapunov exponents and shear-induced chaos for a Hopf bifurcation with additive noise
Authors: Baxendale Peter H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper considers the effect of additive white noise on the normal form for the supercritical Hopf bifurcation in 2 dimensions. The main results involve the asymptotic behavior of the top Lyapunov exponent $$\lambda $$
λ
associated with this random dynamical system as one or more of the parameters in the system tend to 0 or $$\infty $$
∞
. This enables the construction of a bifurcation diagram in parameter space showing stable regions where $$\lambda <0$$

λ
<
0

(implying synchronization) and unstable regions where $$\lambda > 0$$

λ
>
0

(implying chaotic behavior). The value of $$\lambda $$
λ
depends strongly on the shearing effect of the twist factor b/a of the deterministic Hopf bifurcation. If b/a is sufficiently small then $$\lambda <0$$

λ
<
0

regardless of all the other parameters in the system. But when all the parameters except b are fixed then $$\lambda $$
λ
grows like a positive multiple of $$b^{2/3}$$

b

2
/
3

as $$b \rightarrow \infty $$

b
→
∞

.
Toward next generation mixed reality games: a research through design approach
Authors: Xiao Ruowei , Zhang Rongzheng , Buruk Oğuz , Hamari Juho , Virkki Johanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMixed reality (MR) games refer to games that integrate physical entities with digitally mediated contents. Currently, it entails game creators to integrate heterogeneous virtual and physical components, which is often time-consuming and labor-intensive, without the support of a coherent technology stack. The underlying technodiversity manifested by the research corpus suggests a complicated, multi-dimensional design space that goes beyond merely technical concerns. In this research, we adopted a research-through-design approach and proposed an MR game technology stack that facilitates flexible, low-code game development. As design grounding, we first surveyed 34 state-of-the-art studies, and results were synergized into three different spectra of technological affordances, respectively activity range, user interface and feedback control, to inform our next design process. We then went through an iterative prototyping phase and implemented an MR game development toolset. A co-design workshop was conducted, where we invited 15 participants to try the prototype tools and co-ideate the potential use scenarios for the proposed technology stack. First-hand user feedback was collected via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. As a result, four conceptual game designs with three major design implications were generated, which conjointly reflect a broader understanding on MR gameful experience and contribute fresh insights to this emerging research domain.