bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration into the effectiveness of self‐help CBT for mothers with mild to moderate depression and/or anxiety in the London Borough of Bexley
Authors: Palmer David , Pittaway Sarah , Cook Lindsey , Garner Sandra , Holtum Sue , Sansom Jackie , Bassi Charu 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of guided self‐help cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for mothers with depression and/or anxiety undertaken in two Sure Start children's centres in the London Borough of Bexley.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative study was carried out involving 23 participants who attended an initial appointment with a Psychological Well‐being Practitioner and who were assessed and allocated to a guided self‐help CBT intervention (either workbooks or computer‐based). In addition, in‐depth interviews were undertaken with nine participants who had completed the programme.FindingsThe study finds that guided self‐help CBT produced a significant clinical benefit for participants with mild to moderate depression and/or anxiety. Narratives with participants also highlighted improved confidence and self‐esteem, positive thinking and better coping strategies, which may have a positive impact on their children and families. This research also demonstrated the importance of a partnership approach to providing therapeutic interventions for vulnerable groups such as those in this study.Originality/valueThe findings represent a “snap‐shot” of the positive effects of guided self‐help CBT for those suffering maternal depression. They demonstrate the need to recognise and support the therapeutic social milieu, particularly in settings that are familiar and accessible. In addition, psychological interventions that include facilitative holistic working and inter‐agency working can be particularly effective.
Evaluation of a pilot project for mental health screening for children looked after in an inner London borough
Authors: Newlove‐Delgado Tamsin , Murphy Elizabeth , Ford Tamsin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of a screening test for looked after children in order to identify undetected psychiatric disorders.Design/methodology/approachChildren aged four to 16 in care in one London Borough for four consecutive months were eligible for screening. Carers, teachers and children aged over 11 were asked to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Where the SDQ suggested that a psychiatric disorder was “possible” or “probable”, participants were then invited to complete the Developmental and Well‐Being Assessment, which was rated by a senior psychiatrist to generate diagnoses if appropriate.FindingsThe paper finds that over one year, 23 children were eligible for screening. A total of 18 underwent the initial stage of screening, and seven were subsequently diagnosed with a formal psychiatric disorder.Originality/valueThis study illustrates the unmet need for mental health interventions among children looked after by the local authority and confirms the feasibility of a simple screening protocol.
Urban youth violence prevention: effectiveness of a scaled‐up practice‐to‐research programme
Authors: Chauveron Lisa M. , Thompkins Amanda C. , Harel Ofer 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of The Leadership Program's Violence Prevention Project (VPP) – a 12‐session programme consisting of explicit curriculum‐based classroom instruction designed for adolescents to promote a range of communication skills associated with violence prevention and alter classroom norms about aggression and violence.Design/methodology/approachA multi‐site, quasi‐experimental effectiveness trial examined pre‐ and post‐implementation surveys that assessed violence‐related behaviours and attitudes from 3,264 6th‐8th grade students in 24 urban public schools across four consecutive academic years (2005‐2009).FindingsMultilevel modelling showed VPP buffered negative beliefs and behaviour in a wide range of violence‐related outcomes including peer support and tolerance for aggression. VPP also promoted positive conflict resolution skills by reducing the use of verbally and physically aggressive resolution strategies over time in programme participants. Programme quality was maintained through a five point practitioner‐created fidelity system amenable to real‐world conditions.Originality/valueFindings indicate semester‐long violence prevention programmes promoting communication skills are effective with urban early adolescents.
Challenges recruiting families with children at risk of anti‐social behaviour into intervention trials: lessons from the Helping Children Achieve (HCA) study
Authors: Stateva Milena , Minton Jacqueline , Beckett Celia , Doolan Moira , Ford Tamsin , Kallitsoglou Angeliki , Scott Stephen 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe Helping Children Achieve study is a randomised controlled trial designed to test the effectiveness of parenting interventions for children at risk of anti‐social behaviour. The paper aims to examine the challenges in recruitment to the HCA trial.Design/methodology/approachThe study is on‐going and is being conducted at two sites: an inner city London borough and a city in the South West of England. In total, 395 participants consented to participate in the trial; 325 were assessed at baseline and 215 met the criteria and agreed to take part. Recruitment used population screens and referrals.FindingsThe screening procedure was more labour intensive but attracted greater numbers, including many parents who might not otherwise have sought help and included many families from disadvantaged backgrounds. The referrals included those with more serious problems and a higher proportion engaged with the service. Recruitment rates were lower in the London site due to ineligibility and greater difficulty in accessing schools. Retention in the two areas was similar.Originality/valueThe study provides data on recruitment challenges and lessons learned that could help formulate future policy regarding service delivery. Also of value is the finding that it is possible to conduct population screens in very deprived, multi‐ethnic areas and to get high rates of return.
The effect of using nonchlorine products for cleaning and sanitising milking equipment on bacterial numbers and residues in milk
Authors: Gleeson David , O'Brien Bernadette , jordan kieran 
Published: March 2013

Seven milking machine cleaning procedures which differed in the working solution content of sodium hydroxide, presence of chlorine, temperature of water, and inclusion of acid and four antimicrobial products used as sanitisers in the premilking rinse water were evaluated. The cleaning system, which incorporated a high working solution of sodium hydroxide (2525 ppm) used in cold water combined with a hot (70 °C) daily acid wash, had lower total bacterial counts (TBC) (1040 colony forming units (cfu)/mL) than the same detergent product without the addition of acid (1980 cfu/mL) (P < 0.05). Lower TBC were observed in milk and on equipment surfaces when a sanitiser was applied (P < 0.01). Trichloromethane levels in milk were higher when chlorine was used as a sanitiser (P < 0.01).
“How far do you have to walk to find peace again?”: A case study of First Nations' operational values for a community forest inNortheastBritishColumbia,Canada
Authors: Booth Annie L. , Muir Bruce R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper we report upon research conducted with two First Nations located inBritishColumbia,Canada (Saulteau First Nations and West Moberly First Nations) on their preferences regarding forest operations within their community forest license. We confirmed the forestry‐related values previously documented in other research, and we are able to determine specific parameters with regard to the protection or integration of these values, particularly those that are ecologically based. In addition, we identify significant cultural values expected in forestry planning and management, their parameters, as well as values not commonly discussed within the literature, such as concerns over non‐indigenous access and conflicting, overlapping resource tenures. We conclude that further research, which accounts for and readily accommodates indigenous values and preferences, is needed to examine North American indigenous participation in both community forest tenures and in developing forest operation planning.
Pregnancy, Cesarean, and Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Plu Isabelle , Sec Isabelle , Barrès Denis , Lecomte Dominique 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA 43‐year‐old full‐term pregnant woman (gravida 2, para 1, medical history of gestational diabetes mellitus) developed a sudden and malignant hypertension with hemoptysis, sweat, and tachycardia during a scheduled C‐section. A dead newborn was delivered and was successfully resuscitated. The mother died after resistant cardiac arrest. Autopsy and pathological analyses revealed an acute pulmonary edema and a necrotic and hemorrhagic voluminous tumor of the left adrenal gland, which was a pheochromocytoma. Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal glands which secretes catecholamines. In pregnant women, its symptoms can mimic gestational hypertension, preeclampsia or eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus. The gestational diabetes mellitus was presumed to be a symptom of the pheochromocytoma, and cardiopulmonary failure the result from the necrosis of the tumor provoked by gravid uterus compression. From a medico‐legal point of view, the tumor could not have been suspected during the pregnancy.
Localization and morphological variation of three bacteriome‐inhabiting symbionts within a planthopper of the genus Oliarus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)
Authors: Bressan Alberto , Mulligan Kathryn L. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryMany planthoppers of the family Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) host three bacteriome‐inhabiting bacteria: a gammaproteobacterium: ‘Ca. Purcelliella pentastirinorum’, a betaproteobacterium: ‘Ca. Vidania fulgoroidea’, and a member of the bacteroidetes: ‘Ca. Sulcia muelleri’. Through light microscopy observations, DGGE PCR and FISH analysis, we examined the morphology and localization of these three endosymbionts within the abdomens of females of the planthopper Oliarus filicicola. Our results indicate a complex distribution and variation in bacterial morphologies. ‘Ca. Sulcia muelleri’ singularly colonize one pair of bacteriomes and have cells of irregular shape with an average diameter of approximately 4–5 μm. ‘Ca. Purcelliella pentastirinorum’ bacteria are roughly globular and have an average diameter of approximately 1.5‐2 μm in a pair of bacteriomes located near the posterior end of the abdomen, which are surrounded by giant and highly degenerated cells of ‘Ca. Vidania fulgoroidea’. In addition, ‘Ca. Vidania fulgoroidea’ colonizes the ‘rectal organ’ (sensu Buchner) and the bacterial cells appear as a small, roughly globular with an average diameter of 3 μm; whereas, ‘Ca. Purcelliella pentastirinorum’ infects an additional two bacteriomes and the bacterial cells appear tightly packed and highly degenerated. All three endosymbionts colocalize in the forming eggs inside the host's ovaries. Based on the abdominal distribution of bacteriomes and bacterial morphologies, we suggest that ‘Ca. Vidania fulgoroidea’ and ‘Ca. Purcelliella pentastirinorum’ correspond to the symbionts described by Buchner as the ‘x‐’ and the ‘c + d symbiont’ respectively.
Impact of microbial diversity depletion on xenobiotic degradation by sewage‐activated sludge
Authors: Hernandez‐Raquet Guillermina , Durand Elodie , Braun Florence , Cravo‐Laureau Cristiana , Godon Jean‐Jacques 
Published: March 2013

SummaryMicrobial diversity is generally considered as having no effect on the major processes of the ecosystem such as respiration or nutrient assimilation. However, information about the impact of diversity on minor functions such as xenobiotic degradation is scant. We studied the role of diversity on the capacity of an activated‐sludge microbial community to eliminate phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. We also assessed the impact of diversity erosion on the ability of activated sludge to oxidize a wide range of organic compounds. The diversity of activated sludge was artificially modified by dilution to extinction followed by regrowth stage which led to communities with similar biomass but displaying a diversity gradient. The capacity of activated‐sludge community to degrade phenanthrene was greatly modified: at high levels of diversity, the community was able to mineralize phenanthrene whereas at medium levels it first of all partially lost its ability to mineralize this pollutant and at the lowest diversity, the activated sludge completely lost its capacity to transform phenanthrene. Diversity depletion also reduced the metabolic diversity and biomass productivity of sewage‐activated sludge. This study demonstrates that diversity erosion can greatly affect major ecosystem services such as pollutant removal.
Primary pulmonary peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Song , Liang Bin , Jiang Shujuan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrimary pulmonary T‐cell lymphoma is a rare condition characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, and bilateral pulmonary nodules, usually diagnosed by transbronchial biopsy or computed tomography (CT) guided needle biopsy and pathology. In view of its poor prognosis, it is critical to distinguish and diagnose this disease as early as possible. We report here a case of a 39‐year‐old man who presented with fever, cough, expectoration with multiple nodules, and patch shadow in both lungs by chest CT. Tissue samples were taken by CT guided needle biopsy. The histological sample and immunohistochemistry showed peripheral T‐cell lymphoma‐not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS). After the patient was treated by chemotherapy for two courses, his condition deteriorated rapidly and he died 2.3 months after the onset of the disease.
Chloroprocaine 40 mg produces shorter spinal block than articaine 40 mg in day‐case knee arthroscopy patients
Authors: FÖRSTER J. G. , ROSENBERG P. H. , HARILAINEN A. , SANDELIN J. , PITKÄNEN M. T. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundArticaine and chloroprocaine have recently gained interest as short‐acting spinal anaesthetics. Based on previous work comparing articaine 60 mg with chloroprocaine 40 mg, we hypothesised that articaine 40 mg and chloroprocaine 40 mg would produce similar spinal anaesthesa regarding block onset, maximal spread, and recovery.MethodsIn this randomised, double‐blind study, adult patients (18–70 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I‐III, BMI < 36 kg/m2) scheduled for day‐case knee arthroscopy received either articaine 40 mg (20 mg/ml) (group A40, n = 16) or chloroprocaine 40 mg (20 mg/ml) (group C40, n = 18) intrathecally. Telephone interviews were performed on the first and seventh postoperative day to disclose possible side effects, e.g. transient neurological symptoms (TNS).ResultsThe groups were comparable regarding demographic data, onset and maximal spread of spinal anaesthesia, and duration of surgery. Surgery could be performed successfully under spinal anaesthesia except once in A40 (insufficient block) and once in C40 (prolonged surgery). Complete recovery was significantly slower in A40 vs. C40 for both motor block (105 (94/120) vs. 75 (71/90) min) [P < 0.001, Mann–Whitney U‐test (MW‐U)] and sensory block [135 (109/176) vs. 105 min (90/124)] (P < 0.02, MW‐U), respectively [data are median (25th/75th percentiles)]. One patient from A40 showed mild TNS.ConclusionBoth A40 and C40 provided mainly adequate spinal anaesthesia for day‐case knee arthroscopy. While onset and maximal spread were comparable, the recovery from motor block was clearly faster with chloroprocaine after equivalent doses of spinal articaine and chloroprocaine.
Balance between autophagic pathways preserves retinal homeostasis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Muela Natalia , Koga Hiroshi , García‐Ledo Lucía , de la Villa Pedro , de la Rosa Enrique J. , Cuervo Ana María , Boya Patricia 
Published: March 2013

SummaryAging contributes to the appearance of several retinopathies and is the largest risk factor for aged‐related macular degeneration, major cause of blindness in the elderly population. Accumulation of undegraded material as lipofuscin represents a hallmark in many pathologies of the aged eye. Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradative pathway that plays a critical role in the removal of damaged cell components to maintain the cellular homeostasis. A decrease in autophagic activity with age observed in many tissues has been proposed to contribute to the aggravation of age‐related diseases. However, the participation of different autophagic pathways to the retina physiopathology remains unknown. Here, we describe a marked reduction in macroautophagic activity in the retina with age, which coincides with an increase in chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA). This increase in CMA is also observed during retinal neurodegeneration in the Atg5flox/flox; nestin‐Cre mice, a mouse model with downregulation of macroautophagy in neuronal precursors. In contrast to other cell types, this autophagic cross talk in retinal cells is not bi‐directional and CMA inhibition renders cone photoreceptor very sensitive to stress. Temporal and cell‐type‐specific differences in the balance between autophagic pathways may be responsible for the specific pattern of visual loss that occurs with aging. Our results show for the first time a cross talk of different lysosomal proteolytic systems in the retina during normal aging and may help the development of new therapeutic intervention for age‐dependent retinal diseases.
The Alcohol Deprivation Effect: Marked Inhibition by Anticatalase Gene Administration into the Ventral Tegmental Area in Rats
Authors: Tampier Lutske , Quintanilla María Elena , Karahanian Eduardo , Rivera‐Meza Mario , Herrera‐Marschitz Mario , Israel Yedy 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundAnimals that have chronically consumed alcohol and are subsequently deprived of it markedly increase their intake above basal levels when access to alcohol is reinstated. Such an effect, termed the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE), has been proposed to reflect (i) an obsessive–compulsive behavior, (ii) craving, or (iii) an increased reinforcing value of ethanol (EtOH). It has been reported that acetaldehyde, a highly reinforcing metabolite of EtOH, is generated in the brain by the action of catalase. Recent studies show that the administration of an anticatalase (shRNA)‐encoding lentiviral vector into the brain ventral tegmental area (VTA) of naïve rats virtually abolishes (85 to 95%) their EtOH intake. It is hypothesized that the antireinforcing effect of the anticatalase vector will also inhibit the ADE.MethodsTwo‐month‐old Wistar‐derived UChB alcohol drinker rats were offered free access to water and 10 and 20% EtOH for 67 days. Thereafter, the animals were deprived of EtOH for 15 days and were subsequently offered access to the EtOH solutions. At the start of the deprivation period, animals were microinjected a single dose of an anticatalase (or control) vector into the VTA. EtOH intake was measured on the first hour of EtOH re‐exposure as well as on a 24‐hour basis for 7 days.ResultsA marked ADE was observed when EtOH intake was measured on the first hour or 24 hours following EtOH re‐exposure, compared to the corresponding controls. The administration of the anticatalase vector reduced ADE by 60 to 80% (p < 0.001) on the first hour and by 63 to 80% (p < 0.001) on the initial 24 hours of EtOH re‐exposure (first and second ADE, respectively) without changing the total fluid intake, indicating a specific effect on EtOH drinking.ConclusionsEthanol intake associated with ADE—a binge‐like drinking behavior—is markedly inhibited by the administration of an anticatalase vector into the VTA, which blocks the conversion of EtOH into acetaldehyde, strongly suggesting that the marked increased EtOH intake that follows an alcohol deprivation period is mediated by acetaldehyde and its reinforcing metabolite.
A hierarchy of predictors for dementia‐free survival in old‐age: results of the AgeCoDe study
Authors: Luck T. , Riedel‐Heller S. G. , Luppa M. , Wiese B. , Bachmann C. , Jessen F. , Bickel H. , Weyerer S. , Pentzek M. , König H.‐H. , Prokein J. , Eisele M. , Wagner M. , Mösch E. , Werle J. , Fuchs A. , Brettschneider C. , Scherer M. , Breitner J. C. S. , Maier W. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveProgression from cognitive impairment (CI) to dementia is predicted by several factors, but their relative importance and interaction are unclear.MethodWe investigated numerous such factors in the AgeCoDe study, a longitudinal study of general practice patients aged 75+. We used recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) to identify hierarchical patterns of baseline covariates that predicted dementia‐free survival.ResultsAmong 784 non‐demented patients with CI, 157 (20.0%) developed dementia over a follow‐up interval of 4.5 years. RPA showed that more severe cognitive compromise, revealed by a Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score < 27.47, was the strongest predictor of imminent dementia. Dementia‐free survival time was shortest (mean 2.4 years) in such low‐scoring patients who also had impaired instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) and subjective memory impairment with related worry (SMI‐w). Patients with identical characteristics but without SMI‐w had an estimated mean dementia‐free survival time of 3.8 years, which was still shorter than in patients who had subthreshold MMSE scores but intact iADL (4.2–5.2 years).ConclusionHierarchical patterns of readily available covariates can predict dementia‐free survival in older general practice patients with CI. Although less widely appreciated than other variables, iADL impairment appears to be an especially noteworthy predictor of progression to dementia.
Saving Private Business Enterprises
Authors: Jo Tae‐Hee 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article develops an argument from a heterodox microeconomic perspective that the business enterprise and the state have to control market institutions in order to protect the vested interests of the ruling class. Market governance by the business enterprise and market regulation by the state are in this regard purposeful and necessary actions to save private business enterprises vis‐à‐vis fundamental instability inherent in the capitalist system.
Three Modes of Competition in the Marketplace
Authors: Redmond William 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCompetition is often thought of a fairly obvious thing, a rivalry. In a market context the meaning of competition is usually taken to be a rivalry among the sellers. The article seeks to broaden this view by considering other competitive relationships in the marketplace. Using the simplifying assumption that there are only two types of market actors, sellers and consumers, there are three possible types of relationships or interdependencies among these actors in a market. In competitive terms this includes the familiar competition among sellers but there is also the possibility of competition between sellers and consumers, as well as competition among consumers. The article outlines essential characteristics of the three modes. Implications of multi‐mode competition for market performance and welfare are discussed.