bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Study of Non‐Natural Short Cationic Lipopeptides as Novel Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Lohan Sandeep , Cameotra Swaranjit S. , Bisht Gopal S. 
Published: July 2013

We describe the design and synthesis of a new series of non‐natural short cationic lipopeptides (MW = 700) as antimicrobial agents. All of the synthesized lipopeptides were tested against a range of microbes such as Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative bacteria, fungi including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). By systematic study of design template, we found that three ornithine residues conjugated with myristic acid are minimum requirement for a compound to be an antimicrobial agent. The most potent lipopeptide LP16 possesses broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity and has MICs in the range of 1.5–6.25 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and MRSE. All lipopeptides showed high selectivity toward microbial strains as compared to human red blood cells (HC50 > 250 μg/mL). Moreover, most potent lipopeptides (LP16 and LP23) did not induce drug resistance in S. aureus even after 15 rounds of passaging. In addition, a representative lipopeptide (LP16) showed tryptic stability for 24 h. These results suggest the potential of short cationic lipopeptides to boost the discovery of future antimicrobial therapeutics.
The Role of Planning Skills in the Income–Achievement Gap
Authors: Crook Stephen R. , Evans Gary W. 
Published: July 2013

The pervasive income–achievement gap has been attributed in part to deficiencies in executive functioning (EF). The development of EF is related to children's planning ability, an aspect of development that has received little attention. Longitudinal data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development study of early child care show that early childhood poverty (1 and 24 months) is significantly related to fifth grade, math, and reading achievement (n = 1,009). The ability to plan in Grade 3, indexed by the Tower of Hanoi task, mediates the income–achievement gap in math and to a lesser extent in reading. IQ was incorporated as a statistical control throughout.
Treatment of vitiligo with a chimeric monoclonal antibody to CD20: a pilot study
Authors: Ruiz-Argüelles A , García-Carrasco M , Jimenez-Brito G , Sánchez-Sosa S , Pérez-Romano B , Garcés-Eisele J , Camacho-Alarcón C , Reyes-Núñez V , Sandoval-Cruz M , Mendoza-Pinto C , López-Colombo A 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Five patients with active disseminated vitiligo were given 1 g of a chimeric (murine/human) monoclonal antibody to CD20 in a single intravenous infusion and followed-up for 6 months. Three of the patients showed an overt clinical and histological improvement of the disease, one presented slight improvement and the remaining patient showed no changes. Improvement was neither associated with changes in laboratory parameters nor to a specific human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR) phenotype. We believe that these preliminary results are encouraging, and further clinical trials should be undertaken. An important aim should be the finding of a marker with a good response to this therapeutic approach.
Immediate Placement of Implants into Infected Sites: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Martins Maximiliano Delany , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, before placing dental implants, the compromised teeth are removed and the extraction sockets are left to heal for several months. To preserve the alveolar bone level from the collapse caused by healing and to reduce treatment time in situations in which tooth extraction precedes implant placement, some clinicians began to install the implant immediately into the postextraction socket without waiting for the site to heal.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to review the literature regarding treatment outcomes of immediate implant placement into sites exhibiting pathology after clinical procedures to perform the decontamination of the implant's site. The following questions were raised: Does the presence of periodontal or endodontic infection affect immediate implant placement success? What is suggested to address the infection in the socket prior to immediate placement?Materials and MethodsAn electronic search in PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA) was undertaken in March 2013. The titles and abstracts from these results were read to identify studies within the selection criteria. Eligibility criteria included both animal and human studies, and excluded any review and case reports articles. The publication's intervention had to have been implant placement into a site classified as having an infection (periapical, endodontic, perioendodontic, and periodontal).ResultsThe search strategy initially yielded 706 references. Thirty‐two studies were identified within the selection criteria, from which nine were case reports and review articles and were excluded. Additional hand‐searching of the reference lists of selected studies yielded five additional papers.ConclusionsThe high survival rate obtained in several studies supports the hypothesis that implants may be successfully osseointegrated when placed immediately after extraction of teeth presenting endodontic and periodontal lesions, provided that appropriate clinical procedures are performed before the implant surgical procedure such as meticulous cleaning, socket curettage/debridement, and chlorhexidine 0.12% rinse. However, more randomized controlled clinical trials with a longer follow‐up are required to confirm this procedure as a safe treatment. Moreover, the outcome measures were not related to the type of infection; the classification of infection was often vague and varied among the studies. The benefits of antibiotic solution irrigation and systemic antibiotic administration in such conditions are not yet proved and remain unclear.
Clinical Applications of Cell‐Based Approaches in Alveolar Bone Augmentation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shanbhag Siddharth , Shanbhag Vivek 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundCell‐based approaches, utilizing adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are reported to overcome the limitations of conventional bone augmentation procedures.PurposeThe study aims to systematically review the available evidence on the characteristics and clinical effectiveness of cell‐based ridge augmentation, socket preservation, and sinus‐floor augmentation, compared to current evidence‐based methods in human adult patients.Materials and MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for related literature. Both observational and experimental studies reporting outcomes of “tissue engineered” or “cell‐based” augmentation in ≥5 adult patients alone, or in comparison with noncell‐based (conventional) augmentation methods, were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcome was histomorphometric analysis of new bone formation. Effectiveness of cell‐based augmentation was evaluated based on outcomes of controlled studies.ResultsTwenty‐seven eligible studies were identified. Of these, 15 included a control group (8 randomized controlled trials [RCTs]), and were judged to be at a moderate‐to‐high risk of bias. Most studies reported the combined use of cultured autologous MSCs with an osteoconductive bone substitute (BS) scaffold. Iliac bone marrow and mandibular periosteum were frequently reported sources of MSCs. In vitro culture of MSCs took between 12 days and 1.5 months. A range of autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic scaffolds was identified. Bovine bone mineral scaffold was frequently reported with favorable outcomes, while polylactic–polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) scaffold resulted in graft failure in three studies. The combination of MSCs and BS resulted in outcomes similar to autogenous bone (AB) and BS. Three RCTs and one controlled trial reported significantly greater bone formation in cell‐based than conventionally grafted sites after 3 to 8 months.ConclusionsBased on limited controlled evidence at a moderate‐to‐high risk of bias, cell‐based approaches are comparable, if not superior, to current evidence‐based bone grafting methods, with a significant advantage of avoiding AB harvesting. Future clinical trials should additionally evaluate patient‐based outcomes and the time‐/cost‐effectiveness of these approaches.
Plasma rich in growth factors had limited effect on early bone formation in extraction sockets
Authors: Farina Roberto , Bressan Eriberto , Taut Andrei , Cucchi Alessandro , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo address the criticisms raised by Anitua et al. (European Journal of Oral Implantology, 6, 2013, 9–11) to the article “Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in Human Post‐Extraction Sockets: an Histological and Histomorphometric Study.”, recently published by Farina and colleagues (Clinical Oral Implants Research2012; doi:10.1111/clr.12033).MethodsAll the methodological aspects criticized in the letter by Anitua et al. were thoroughly reconsidered and discussed in a structured short communication. When indicated, pertinent, additional material was included to reinforce our considerations.ResultsAs most clinical studies in implant dentistry, including previous studies evaluating the efficacy/effectiveness ofPRGF, the study by Farina et al. has some limitations. However, it is currently the only published controlled trial using quantitative parameters related toPRGF‐induced early bone formation.ConclusionsDespite all limitations, the results of the study by Farina et al., which were based on different quantitative parameters (micro‐CTscan, immunohistochemical markers of wound healing and bone deposition), indicated a limited effect ofPRGFon early bone formation in extraction sockets.
Management of malignant left colonic obstruction: is an initial temporary colostomy followed by surgical resection a better option?
Authors: Chéreau N. , Lefevre J. H. , Lefrancois M. , Chafai N. , Parc Y. , Tiret E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe surgical management of obstructed left colorectal cancer (OLCC) is still a matter of debate, and current guidelines recommend Hartmann's procedure (HP). The study evaluated the results of the surgical management with a focus on a strategy of initial colostomy (IC) followed by elective resection.MethodAll patients operated on for OLCC were reviewed. Clinical, surgical, histological, morbidity and long‐term results were noted.ResultsFrom 2000–11, 83 patients (48 men) with a mean age of 70.3 ± 15.1 years underwent surgery for OLCC. Eleven (13.3%) had a subtotal colectomy owing to a laceration of the caecal wall. Eleven had a HP for tumour perforation (n = 6) or as palliation in a severely ill patient (n = 5). The remaining 61 (73.5%) patients had an IC, with the intention of performing an elective resection shortly after recovery. Postoperative complications occurred in six (9.8%) and there were two (3.3%) deaths. Fifty‐nine operation survivors had a colonoscopy shortly afterwards which showed a synchronous cancer in two (3.4%). Twelve of the 59 patients had synchronous metastases. The subsequent elective resection including the colostomy site could be performed in 45 (74%) patients during the same admission at a median interval of 11 (7–17) days. The overall median length of hospital stay was 20 days and the 30‐day mortality was 3/61 (5%).ConclusionIC followed by surgical resection is a technically simple strategy, allowing initial abdominal exploration with a short period of having a colostomy, and permitting elective surgery with a low morbidity and full oncological lymphadenectomy.
Physical strain during activities of daily living of patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Nieuwenburg‐van Tilborg E. M. , Horstman A. M. , Zwarts B. , de Groot S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the physical strain of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with healthy controls. Seventeen patients with CAD and 15 controls performed a graded exercise bicycle test and 5 ADL tasks: walking with/without load, vacuum cleaning, undressing, and walking stairs. Peak heart rate (HRpeak) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were determined during the bicycle test. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were continuously measured during all ADL tasks. Physical strain during ADL tasks was calculated using HR and VO2 response, expressed relative to individual HR and VO2 reserves (%HRR, %VO2R, respectively). Perceived strain was measured using the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. HRpeak and VO2peak were lower (P<0·001) in patients. Patients performed the ADL tasks slower and with lower absolute VO2, except for undressing. HR was only higher in patients during stair climbing. No differences in RPE scores were found between both groups, except for undressing. However, physical strain was significantly higher in patients (mean %VO2R ranged from 43% to 51%; mean %HRR ranged from 38% to 47%) compared with controls (mean %VO2R: 14% to 30%; mean %HRR: 14% to 29%) for all ADL tasks. In general, ADL tasks were performed slower and with higher physical strain in patients with CAD compared with controls.
Impact of continuous glucose monitoring on diabetes management and marital relationships of adults with Type 1 diabetes and their spouses: a qualitative study
Authors: Ritholz M. D. , Beste M. , Edwards S. S. , Beverly E. A. , Atakov‐Castillo A. , Wolpert H. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsTo examine the impact of continuous glucose monitoring on diabetes management and marital relationships of adults with Type 1 diabetes and their spouses.MethodsNine younger (30–49 years) and 11 older (50–70 years) patients with Type 1 diabetes and 14 spouses participated in eight focus groups specific to age and role (patient or spouse). Audio‐recorded data were transcribed, coded and analysed using thematic analysis and aided by NVivo software.ResultsQualitative analysis revealed participants perceived continuous glucose monitoring as positively influencing hypoglycaemia management by decreasing spouses' anxiety, vigilance and negative experiences. Participants also described continuous glucose monitoring as promoting collaborative diabetes management and increasing spousal understanding of diabetes, especially when planning and managing pregnancy. Couples' conflicts occurred when (1) patients assumed sole responsibility for continuous glucose monitoring and/or did not respond to night‐time glucose alarms and (2) spouses did not understand alarms and felt frustrated and helpless to assist patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that continuous glucose monitoring may positively impact collaborative diabetes management and marital relationships of patients with Type 1 diabetes and their spouses. However, reluctance to collaborate and lack of understanding may contribute to couples' conflicts around continuous glucose monitoring. Our findings have important implications for clinical care and point to the need for interventions that include spouses in continuous glucose monitoring training to increase their understanding of continuous glucose monitoring, minimize risk for spousal conflict and enhance collaborative diabetes management. Further studies are needed to explore these issues in more detail and depth with larger and more diverse populations.
Atherogenic dyslipidaemic profiles associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes: a 3.1‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Hwang Y.‐C. , Ahn H.‐Y. , Yu S.‐H. , Park S.‐W. , Park C.‐Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsWhile there is thought to be an association between glucose and lipid metabolism, it is largely unknown whether apolipoprotein B and non‐high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes. It is also unknown whether these atherogenic dyslipidaemic profiles have a stronger association with diabetes risk compared with conventional lipid measurements.MethodsA total of 118 429 subjects without diabetes (70 980 men and 47 449 women), aged 17–90 years (mean age 39.6 years), were enrolled in this study and followed for a mean duration of 3.1 years.ResultsApolipoprotein B and non‐HDL cholesterol levels showed a strong association with the development of Type 2 diabetes compared with conventional lipid measurements and their ratios [hazard ratio per 1 sd; 1.39 (95% CI 1.37–1.42) and 1.38 (95% CI 1.35–1.40), respectively; both P < 0.001]. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve demonstrated that Type 2 diabetes developed more frequently as apolipoprotein B or non‐HDL cholesterol levels increased across quartiles (both P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, both apolipoprotein B and non‐HDL cholesterol were associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes, independent of other risk factor including age, sex, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and other conventional lipid measurements [hazard ratio per 1 sd; 1.14 (95% CI 1.11–1.18) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.10–1.16), respectively; both P < 0.001].ConclusionsAtherogenic dyslipidaemia was more strongly associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes than conventional lipid measurements, and this effect was independent of other well‐established risk factor for diabetes.
Farm‐scale dispersal of Bactericera cockerelli in potato crops measured using Bt mark‐capture techniques
Authors: Cameron P.J. , Wigley P.J. , Charuchinda B. , Walker G.P. , Wallace A.R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNatural populations of Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), also known as tomato/potato psyllid, were marked in potato [Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)] crops using Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) to investigate the impact of dispersal on crop infestation and management of potential insecticide resistance in New Zealand. The technique was adapted from previous studies that used conventional spray applications of Bt to mark Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), and identified marked individuals with selective microbiological assays and identification of characteristic crystal inclusions. Initially, marking rates of B. cockerelli were improved by using ultra‐low volume applications of undiluted Bt, but this result was not consistent. Several other pests and natural enemies were also marked. In mark‐capture studies, marked B. cockerelli were captured over 3 days on yellow sticky traps in small trap plots of potatoes at 60, 120, 180, 250, and 350 m from the sprayed crop. Bactericera cockerelli flight activity occurred throughout daylight hours with evidence of bimodal diurnal peaks. Significantly greater numbers of B. cockerelli were captured in downwind traps. The combined dispersal curve derived from two mark‐capture experiments estimated a mean dispersal distance for B. cockerelli of 100 m in 3 days and indicated that 10% of the population dispersed further than ca. 250 m. Over the period of a growing season, this level of dispersal suggests that B. cockerelli can disperse throughout a vegetable‐growing region, with implications for crop infestation and management of potential insecticide resistance.
Levels of agreement between student and staff assessments of clinical skills in performing cavity preparation in artificial teeth
Authors: San Diego J. P. , Newton T. , Quinn B. F. A. , Cox M. J. , Woolford M. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the level of agreement between staff and students' assessment of clinical skills in performing tasks related to cavity preparation on a traditional dental manikin.MethodsTwo studies were conducted with two successive student cohorts: Study 1–138 year 1 BDS students in a 2009/10 cohort and Study 2–135 students in a 2010/11 cohort. Staff members and students rated the students' performance in preparing a cavity on a traditional dental manikin using artificial teeth: hand‐held (Study 1) and located in a lower jaw (Study 2).A 5‐item criterion‐related scoring rubric was developed. The rubric assessed students' abilities to hold the instrument correctly, determine the angle of entry to the tooth, remove the caries, conserve healthy tissues and avoid pulp exposure.ResultsAgreement between the students' self‐assessment and the staff's assessment was high for three of the five criteria (i.e. removal of artificial caries on the cavity wall, removal of artificial caries from the cavity floor and avoidance of pulp exposure). Levels of agreement for the remaining two criteria were moderate. A change in task difficulty affected the levels of agreement between staff and students, such that the more difficult the task, the greater the discrepancy in ratings.ConclusionsStudents tend to overrate the quality of their performance when compared with staff ratings. Task difficulty has an impact on levels of agreement.
Differential roles of the prefrontal cortical subregions and basolateral amygdala in compulsive cocaine seeking and relapse after voluntary abstinence in rats
Authors: Pelloux Yann , Murray Jennifer E. , Everitt Barry J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCompulsive drug use and a persistent vulnerability to relapse are key features of addiction. Imaging studies have suggested that these features may result from deficits in prefrontal cortical structure and function, and thereby impaired top‐down inhibitory control over limbic–striatal mechanisms of drug‐seeking behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that selective damage to distinct subregions of the prefrontal cortex, or to the amygdala, after a short history of cocaine taking would: (i) result in compulsive cocaine seeking at a time when it would not usually be displayed; or (ii) facilitate relapse to drug seeking after abstinence. Rats with selective, bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala or anterior cingulate, prelimbic, infralimbic, orbitofrontal or anterior insular cortices were trained to self‐administer cocaine under a seeking–taking chained schedule. Intermittent mild footshock punishment of the cocaine‐seeking response was then introduced. No prefrontal cortical lesion affected the ability of rats to withhold their seeking responses. However, rats with lesions to the basolateral amygdala increased their cocaine‐seeking responses under punishment and were impaired in their acquisition of conditioned fear. Following a 7‐day abstinence period, rats were re‐exposed to the drug‐seeking environment for assessment of relapse in the absence of punishment or cocaine. Rats with prelimbic cortex lesions showed decreased seeking responses during relapse, whereas those with anterior insular cortex lesions showed an increase. Combined, these results show that acute impairment of prefrontal cortical function does not result in compulsive cocaine seeking after a short history of self‐administering cocaine, but further implicates subregions of the prefrontal cortex in relapse.