bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐energy diets may induce a pre‐diabetic state altering testicular glycolytic metabolic profile and male reproductive parameters
Authors: Rato L. , Alves M. G. , Dias T. R. , Lopes G. , Cavaco J. E. , Socorro S. , Oliveira P. F. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that may arise from diet habits and is growing to epidemic proportions. Young male diabetic patients present high infertility/subfertility prevalence resulting from impaired reproductive function and poor semen quality. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a high‐energy diet (HED) on glucose tolerance/insulin levels and correlate the observed effects on male reproductive function with overall testicular metabolism. After 1 month, HED fed rats showed increased glycaemic levels, impaired glucose tolerance and hypoinsulinaemia. Moreover, an imbalance of intratesticular and serum testosterone levels was observed, whereas those of 17β‐estradiol were not altered. High‐energy diet also affected the reproductive parameters, with HED rats exhibiting a significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology. Glycolytic metabolism was favoured in testicles of HED rats with an increased expression of both glucose transporters 1 (GLUT1) and 3 (GLUT3) and the enzyme phosphofrutokinase 1. Moreover, lactate production and the expression of metabolism‐associated genes and proteins involved in lactate production and transport were also enhanced by HED. Alanine testicular content was decreased and thus intratesticular lactate/alanine ratio in HED rats was increased, suggesting increased oxidative stress. Other energetic substrates such as acetate and creatine were not altered in testis from HED rats, but intratesticular glycine content was increased in those animals. Taken together, these results suggest that HED induces a pre‐diabetic state that may impair reproductive function by modulating overall testicular metabolism. This is the first report on testicular metabolic features and mechanisms related with the onset of a pre‐diabetic state.
Women's decision‐making regarding medication use in pregnancy for anxiety and/or depression
Authors: Stepanuk Kathleen M. , Fisher Kathleen M. , Wittmann‐Price Ruth , Posmontier Bobbie , Bhattacharya Anand 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo increase understanding of women's decision‐making process concerning the medication use for anxiety and/or depression while pregnant.BackgroundAnxiety and depression affects many pregnant women, yet the decision to take psychotropic medication is complex and possibly subject to social oppression.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive survey design.MethodsA web‐based survey was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 143 pregnant women over 3 months beginning in early 2011. An independent t‐test was conducted to determine differences in satisfaction between women with high and low levels of emancipated decision‐making (EDM). A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine which subscales of the emancipation scale best predict level of satisfaction with the decision.FindingsThe majority of respondents were White, between 25–34 years of age. The group with lower levels of emancipation reported lower mean satisfaction scores compared with those with higher levels of emancipation. Regression analysis showed that the three subscale emancipation model was a statistically significant predictor of satisfaction with the decision and accounted for 54% of the variance in satisfaction. The subconcept of personal knowledge was most predictive of satisfaction with decision.ConclusionsWomen may be able to overcome oppressive forces by using an EDM process. EDM allows them to make a decision that feels right for them and to feel satisfied with the decision.
Asian culture in transition: is it related to reported parenting styles and transitivity of simple choices?
Authors: Ferguson Eva Dreikurs , Hagaman Joel A. , Maurer Sarah B. , Mathews Philip , Peng Kaiping 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDoes culture shape reported parenting styles and cognitive processes like transitive reasoning, of choosing A over B, B over C, and then A over C (transitivity)? Asian‐American, Caucasian‐American, and Indian university students differed significantly in transitivity and in reported parental styles. India participants were more intransitive and, contrary to traditional findings in the literature, reported their parents as more laissez‐faire, individualistic, and competitive than did Caucasian‐Americans. Recent technological and industrial advances in India likely explain some of these obtained differences. Predictions from Adlerian theory and work of Kurt Lewin, that parenting styles would relate to transitivity of choices, were indirectly supported. Stronger evidence was found that culture impacts both reported parental styles and transitivity of simple choices.
Speech style and occupational status affect assessments of eyewitness testimony
Authors: Jules Sean J. , McQuiston Dawn E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examined how speech style and occupational status affect mock jurors' assessments of eyewitness testimony. Mock jurors (n = 120) watched a video of a man testifying about witnessing an attempted robbery. The eyewitness exhibited either a powerless or powerful speech style and reported either a high or low (or no) status occupation during his testimony. Results indicated that high occupation status and powerful speech style led to more favorable evaluations of the eyewitness's testimony and of the case against the defendant than powerless speech style and low/no occupation status. Implications of these results on considerations of eyewitness testimony and future research are discussed.
Properties of intention: component structure and consequences for behavior, information processing, and resistance
Authors: Cooke Richard , Sheeran Paschal 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThree studies tested the impact of properties of behavioral intention on intention–behavior consistency, information processing, and resistance. Principal components analysis showed that properties of intention formed distinct factors. Study 1 demonstrated that temporal stability, but not the other intention attributes, moderated intention–behavior consistency. Study 2 found that greater stability of intention was associated with improved memory performance. In Study 3, participants were confronted with a rating scale manipulation designed to alter their intention scores. Findings showed that stable intentions were able to withstand attack. Overall, the present research findings suggest that different properties of intention are not simply manifestations of a single underlying construct (“intention strength”), and that temporal stability exhibits superior resistance and impact compared to other intention attributes.
A comparison of Asians', Hispanics', and Whites' restaurant tipping
Authors: Lynn Michael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAsians and Hispanics are perceived by many restaurant servers as poor tippers. This study tests the validity of those perceptions using data from a large restaurant chain's online customer satisfaction survey. Findings partially support servers' perceptions—Hispanics but not Asians tipped less on average than Whites after controlling for bill size, the customer's own ratings of service quality, and other variables. Discussion centers around the differences between these findings and those of a previous study and on the practical implications of the findings for restaurant managers.
Neurosensory mechanotransduction through acid‐sensing ion channels
Authors: Chen Chih‐Cheng , Wong Chia‐Wen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAcid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are voltage‐insensitive cation channels responding to extracellular acidification. ASIC proteins have two transmembrane domains and a large extracellular domain. The molecular topology of ASICs is similar to that of the mechanosensory abnormality 4‐ or 10‐proteins expressed in touch receptor neurons and involved in neurosensory mechanotransduction in nematodes. The ASIC proteins are involved in neurosensory mechanotransduction in mammals. The ASIC isoforms are expressed in Merkel cell–neurite complexes, periodontal Ruffini endings and specialized nerve terminals of skin and muscle spindles, so they might participate in mechanosensation. In knockout mouse models, lacking an ASIC isoform produces defects in neurosensory mechanotransduction of tissue such as skin, stomach, colon, aortic arch, venoatrial junction and cochlea. The ASICs are thus implicated in touch, pain, digestive function, baroreception, blood volume control and hearing. However, the role of ASICs in mechanotransduction is still controversial, because we lack evidence that the channels are mechanically sensitive when expressed in heterologous cells. Thus, ASIC channels alone are not sufficient to reconstruct the path of transducing molecules of mechanically activated channels. The mechanotransducers associated with ASICs need further elucidation. In this review, we discuss the expression of ASICs in sensory afferents of mechanoreceptors, findings of knockout studies, technical issues concerning studies of neurosensory mechanotransduction and possible missing links. Also we propose a molecular model and a new approach to disclose the molecular mechanism underlying the neurosensory mechanotransduction.
M2 receptor activation inhibits cell cycle progression and survival in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Ferretti Michela , Fabbiano Cinzia , Bari Maria Di , Conte Claudia , Castigli Emilia , Sciaccaluga Miriam , Ponti Donatella , Ruggieri Paola , Raco Antonino , Ricordy Ruggero , Calogero Antonella , Tata Ada Maria 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMuscarinic receptors, expressed in several primary and metastatic tumours, appear to be implicated in their growth and propagation. In this work we have demonstrated that M2 muscarinic receptors are expressed in glioblastoma human specimens and in glioblastoma cell lines. Moreover, we have characterized the effects of the M2 agonist arecaidine on cell growth and survival both in two different glioblastoma cell lines (U251MG and U87MG) and in primary cultures obtained from different human biopsies. Cell growth analysis has demonstrated that the M2 agonist arecaidine strongly decreased cell proliferation in both glioma cell lines and primary cultures. This effect was dose and time dependent. FACS analysis has confirmed cell cycle arrest at G1/S and at G2/M phase in U87 cells and U251 respectively. Cell viability analysis has also shown that arecaidine induced severe apoptosis, especially in U251 cells. Chemosensitivity assays have, moreover, shown arecaidine and temozolomide similar effects on glioma cell lines, although IC50 value for arecaidine was significantly lower than temozolomide. In conclusion, we report for the first time that M2 receptor activation has a relevant role in the inhibition of glioma cell growth and survival, suggesting that M2 may be a new interesting therapeutic target to investigate for glioblastoma therapy.
Biomechanics of haemostasis and thrombosis in health and disease: from the macro‐ to molecular scale
Authors: Tran Reginald , Myers David R. , Ciciliano Jordan , Trybus Hardy Elaissa L. , Sakurai Yumiko , Ahn Byungwook , Qiu Yongzhi , Mannino Robert G. , Fay Meredith E. , Lam Wilbur A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough the processes of haemostasis and thrombosis have been studied extensively in the past several decades, much of the effort has been spent characterizing the biological and biochemical aspects of clotting. More recently, researchers have discovered that the function and physiology of blood cells and plasma proteins relevant in haematologic processes are mechanically, as well as biologically, regulated. This is not entirely surprising considering the extremely dynamic fluidic environment that these blood components exist in. Other cells in the body such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells have been found to biologically respond to their physical and mechanical environments, affecting aspects of cellular physiology as diverse as cytoskeletal architecture to gene expression to alterations of vital signalling pathways. In the circulation, blood cells and plasma proteins are constantly exposed to forces while they, in turn, also exert forces to regulate clot formation. These mechanical factors lead to biochemical and biomechanical changes on the macro‐ to molecular scale. Likewise, biochemical and biomechanical alterations in the microenvironment can ultimately impact the mechanical regulation of clot formation. The ways in which these factors all balance each other can be the difference between haemostasis and thrombosis. Here, we review how the biomechanics of blood cells intimately interact with the cellular and molecular biology to regulate haemostasis and thrombosis in the context of health and disease from the macro‐ to molecular scale. We will also show how these biomechanical forces in the context of haemostasis and thrombosis have been replicated or measured in vitro.
Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in Gullah African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sora Nicoleta D. , Marlow Nicole M. , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Leite Renata S. , Slate Elizabeth H. , Fernandes Jyotika K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo assess associations of metabolic syndrome, and its individual components, with extent of severe periodontitis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials & MethodsWe performed a secondary data analysis (N = 283) using a cross‐sectional study population of Gullah African Americans with T2DM. Extent of severe periodontitis was assessed as total diseased tooth‐sites/person [evaluated as separate outcomes: 6+mm clinical attachment level (CAL), 5+mm periodontal probing depth (PPD)] using negative binomial regression techniques. Primary independent variables assessed in separate models included metabolic syndrome (yes/no), each metabolic syndrome component (low HDL, hypertension, high triglycerides, large waist circumference) and glycemic control (poor/good).ResultsMultivariable CAL‐model results showed a significant association for metabolic syndrome status with extent of severe periodontitis (RR = 2.77, p = 0.03). The separate multivariable CAL‐model including each metabolic syndrome component showed marginally increased rates among those with large waist circumference (RR = 2.33, p = 0.09) and those with HbA1c ≥ 7% (RR = 1.73, p = 0.06). Multivariable PPD‐models showed marginally increased rates among those with metabolic syndrome (RR = 2.18, p = 0.06).ConclusionMetabolic syndrome is associated with the extent of severe periodontitis in this Gullah population with T2DM.
Malnutrition in the first year of life and personality at age 40
Authors: Galler Janina R. , Bryce Cyralene P. , Zichlin Miriam L. , Waber Deborah P. , Exner Natalie , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Costa Paul T. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundEarly childhood malnutrition is associated with cognitive and behavioral impairment during childhood and adolescence, but studies in adulthood are limited.MethodsUsing the NEO‐PI‐R personality inventory, we compared personality profiles at 37–43 years of age (M 40.3 years, SD 1.9) of Barbadian adults who had experienced moderate‐to‐severe protein‐energy malnutrition (PEM) in the first year of life (n = 77) with healthy controls, who were former classmates of the index cases and were matched for age, gender, and handedness in childhood (n = 57). The previously malnourished participants had been rehabilitated, with good health and nutrition documented up to 12 years of age, and study participants were followed longitudinally from childhood to 40 years. Group comparisons were adjusted for childhood and adolescent standard of living, with and without correcting for IQ.ResultsAt the broad domain or factor level, previously malnourished participants had higher scores on Neuroticism and lower scores on Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness than did the healthy controls. At the subdomain or facet level, previously malnourished participants reported more anxiety, vulnerability, shyness and lowered sociability, less intellectual curiosity, greater suspiciousness of others, a more egocentric than altruistic orientation, and a lowered sense of efficacy or competence.ConclusionsMalnutrition limited to the first year of life with good health and nutrition documented up to 12 years of age is associated with a significant overrepresentation of adult personality trait scores outside of the average range. This outcome has important implications for a variety of important life and mental health outcomes.
Primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis: association with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Chia B. , Tan A. , Tey H.L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrimary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (PLCA) is a chronic pruritic dermatological disorder of unknown aetiology. Genetic mutations in cases of familial PLCA have been mapped to the oncostatin‐M receptor (OSMR) β, a subunit of interleukin (IL)‐31 receptor. IL‐31 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD).ObjectivesTo assess if AD is more prevalent in patients with PLCA compared to patients with other conditions attending the same dermatology clinic. Secondarily, to investigate if the prevalence of AD, severity of itch, morphology and locations of PLCA differ between familial and sporadic forms.MethodsConsecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of PLCA visiting a dermatology clinic were evaluated by a single investigator. Data on demographics, family history, morphological types and locations of PLCA, and itch score were collected and they were screened for concomitant AD based on history and physical examination. The control population consisted of consecutive patients with diagnoses other than PLCA seen in the same clinic.ResultsA total of 44 patients with and 97 controls were evaluated. The prevalence of AD in patients with PLCA was significantly higher than in controls, at 75% and 39.2% respectively (OR = 4.66, 95% CI = 2.10 to 10.3, p < 0.0005). The prevalence of AD in sporadic cases was significantly higher than familial cases, at 84.4% and 50% respectively (OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.23 to 23.7). Mean itch levels, morphological types and locations of PLCA did not differ between familial and sporadic cases.ConclusionsAD was associated with PLCA and the association was stronger with the sporadic compared to the familial cases.
Multi‐gene phylogenetic analysis of south‐east Asian pest members of the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) does not support current taxonomy
Authors: Boykin L. M. , Schutze M. K. , Krosch M. N. , Chomič A. , Chapman T. A. , Englezou A. , Armstrong K. F. , Clarke A. R. , Hailstones D. , Cameron S. L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBactrocera dorsalis sensu stricto, B. papayae, B. philippinensis and B. carambolae are serious pest fruit fly species of the B. dorsalis complex that predominantly occur in south‐east Asia and the Pacific. Identifying molecular diagnostics has proven problematic for these four taxa, a situation that cofounds biosecurity and quarantine efforts and which may be the result of at least some of these taxa representing the same biological species. We therefore conducted a phylogenetic study of these four species (and closely related outgroup taxa) based on the individuals collected from a wide geographic range; sequencing six loci (cox1, nad4‐3′, CAD, period, ITS1, ITS2) for approximately 20 individuals from each of 16 sample sites. Data were analysed within maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic frameworks for individual loci and concatenated data sets for which we applied multiple monophyly and species delimitation tests. Species monophyly was measured by clade support, posterior probability or bootstrap resampling for Bayesian and likelihood analyses respectively, Rosenberg's reciprocal monophyly measure, P(AB), Rodrigo's (P(RD)) and the genealogical sorting index, gsi. We specifically tested whether there was phylogenetic support for the four ‘ingroup’ pest species using a data set of multiple individuals sampled from a number of populations. Based on our combined data set, Bactrocera carambolae emerges as a distinct monophyletic clade, whereas B. dorsalis s.s., B. papayae and B. philippinensis are unresolved. These data add to the growing body of evidence that B. dorsalis s.s., B. papayae and B. philippinensis are the same biological species, which poses consequences for quarantine, trade and pest management.
Heat Shock Protein 90 of Bonamia ostreae: Characterization and Possible Correlation with Infection of the Flat Oyster, Ostrea edulis
Authors: Prado‐Alvarez Maria , Chollet Bruno , Couraleau Yann , Morga Benjamin , Arzul Isabelle 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, we described the cytosolic HSP90 of Bonamia ostreae, an intracellular parasite of Ostrea edulis hemocytes. The complete open reading frame was assembled by Rapid Amplification cDNA Ends reactions on cDNA of B. ostreae‐infected hemocytes. HSP90 amplification was corroborated in infected oysters and B. ostreae purified cells. The functionality of the HSP90, studied by inhibitory assays with radicicol, suggests that this protein may play a role in hemocyte invasion. Our results inform the molecular basis that governs B. ostreae–O. edulis interactions.
Neurotransmitter release in motor nerve terminals of a mouse model of mild spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Ruiz Rocío , Tabares Lucía 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disease which severity depends on the amount of SMN protein, the product of the genes SMN1 and SMN2. Symptomatology goes from severe neuromuscular impairment leading to early death in infants to slow progressing motor deficits during adulthood. Much of the knowledge about the pathophysiology of SMA comes from studies using genetically engineered animal models of the disease. Here we investigated one of the milder models, the homozygous A2G SMA mice, in which the level of the protein is restored to almost normal levels by the addition of a mutated transgene to the severe SMN‐deficient background. We examined neuromuscular function and found that calcium‐dependent neurotransmitter release was significantly decreased. In addition, the amplitude of spontaneous endplate potentials was decreased, the morphology of NMJ altered, and slight changes in short‐term synaptic plasticity were found. In spite of these defects, excitation contraction coupling was well preserved, possibly due to the safety factor of this synapse. These data further support that the quasi‐normal restoration of SMN levels in severe cases preserves neuromuscular function, even when neurotransmitter release is significantly decreased at motor nerve terminals. Nevertheless, this deficit could represent a greater risk of motor impairment during aging or after injuries.