bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a modulation of the intraseasonal summer temperature in Eastern Patagonia by the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Jacques‐Coper Martín , Brönnimann Stefan , Martius Olivia , Vera Carolina S. , Cerne S. Bibiana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe describe the relationship between the intraseasonal component of surface air temperature (SAT) variability in Eastern Patagonia and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) during austral summer based on ~50 years of daily instrumental records, the Twentieth Century Reanalysis, and a century‐long MJO index reconstruction. Our results show that the summer SAT variability in Patagonia is highly driven by the intraseasonal activity (~80%), especially by that associated with the MJO. The active MJO phases modulate the spatial mean intraseasonal temperature signal in Eastern Patagonia with ~1.5°C of amplitude. In most of the region, the warmest (coldest) conditions are found during active phase 8 (4). These opposite states of the temperature perturbations are related to almost inverse midlevel circulation anomalies over southern South America and the southwest Atlantic, which are part of a large‐scale Rossby‐like wave train of alternating circulation anomalies extended along the South Pacific. The corresponding outgoing longwave radiation anomalies suggest that these structures may be triggered by anomalous convection in the tropics. Furthermore, we show that intraseasonal heat waves in southeastern Patagonia tend to occur during active MJO phase 8. These events are also induced by a wave train pattern over the South Pacific, associated with other intraseasonal variability sources. Hence, as shown in a case study, circulation anomalies over the South Pacific triggered, in general, by tropical convection variability and, in particular, by the MJO activity may constructively interact with circulation patterns resulting from the extratropical dynamics, eventually leading to intraseasonal heat waves in southeastern Patagonia.
Synthesis, antimicrobial, and release behaviors of tetracycline hydrochloride loaded poly (VInyl alcohol)/chitosan/ZrO2 nanofibers
Authors: Wang Hualin , Chu Chengjiang , Hao Lilan , She Yi , Li Yanan , Zhai Linfeng , Jiang Shaotong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTetracycline hydrochloride loaded poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/ZrO2 (Tet‐PVA/CS/ZrO2) hybrid nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning technique. The representative weight ratio of PVA/CS at 3 : 1 was chosen to fabricate drug carrier PVA/CS/ZrO2 nanofibers. The drug carrier showed a decrease in average diameter with the increase of ZrO2 content at given conditions, and the nanofibers were uneven and interspersed with spindle‐shape beads with ZrO2 content at 60 wt % and above. The networks linked by hydrogen and Zr–O–C bonds among PVA, CS, and ZrO2 units resulted in the improving of thermal stability and decreasing of crystallinity of the polymeric matrix. Moreover, the incorporation of ZrO2 endowed the fibers with ultraviolet shielding effect ranged from 200 to 400 nm. The Tet loading dosage had no obvious effect on the morphology and size of the medicated nanofibers at Tet content below 8 wt %, but interspersed with spindle‐shaped beads when Tet content increased to 10 wt %. The Tet‐PVA/CS/ZrO2) nanofibers showed well controlled release and better antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and the Tet release from the medicated nanofibers could be described by Fickian diffusion model for Mt /M∞< 0.6. These medicated nanofibers may have potential as a suitable material in drug delivery and wound dressing. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42506.
Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of NiCo2O4 Microstructures and Their Application in Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiang Nannan , Ni Yonghong , Ma Xiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe shape‐controlled synthesis of NiCo2O4 microstructures through a facile hydrothermal method and subsequent calcinations was explored. By employing CoSO4, NiSO4, and urea as the starting reactants, flower‐like NiCo2O4 microstructures were obtained at 100 °C after 5 h without the assistance of any additive and subsequent calcination at 300 °C for 2 h; dumbbell‐like NiCo2O4 microstructures were prepared at 150 °C after 5 h in the presence of trisodium citrate and subsequent calcination at 300 °C for 2 h. The as‐prepared NiCo2O4 microstructures were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and (high‐resolution) transmission electron microscopy. Both the flower‐like and dumbbell‐like NiCo2O4 microstructures could be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, and they exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, including high specific capacitance, good rate capability, and excellent long‐term cycle stability. Simultaneously, the shape‐dependent electrochemical properties of the product were investigated.
Clonal analysis of individual human embryonic stem cell differentiation patterns in microfluidic cultures
Authors: Sikorski Darek J. , Caron Nicolas J. , VanInsberghe Michael , Zahn Hans , Eaves Connie J. , Piret James M. , Hansen Carl L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHeterogeneity in the clonal outputs of individual human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) confounds analysis of their properties in studies of bulk populations and how to manipulate them for clinical applications. To circumvent this problem we developed a microfluidic device that supports the robust generation of colonies derived from single ESCs. This microfluidic system contains 160 individually addressable chambers equipped for perfusion culture of individual hESCs that could be shown to match the growth rates, marker expression and colony morphologies obtained in conventional cultures. Use of this microfluidic device to analyze the clonal growth kinetics of multiple individual hESCs induced to differentiation revealed variable shifts in the growth rate, area per cell and expression of OCT4 in the progeny of individual hESCs. Interestingly, low OCT4 expression, a slower growth rate and low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios were found to be correlated responses. This study demonstrates how microfluidic systems can be used to enable large scale live‐cell imaging of isolated hESCs exposed to changing culture conditions, to examine how different aspects of their variable responses are correlated.
Power packet dispatching with second‐order clock synchronization
Authors: Zhou Yanzi , Takahashi Ryo , Fujii Naoaki , Hikihara Takashi 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAiming to distinguish sources and loads for the rapid scaling of renewable power sources, a novel power packet dispatching system has been proposed with a structure similar to those of communication systems. Accurate clock synchronization is necessary to achieve the exchange of information attached in a power packet. At the same time, the clock synchronization is an interesting topic for developing power packet dispatching between multi‐sender and a receiver. This work outlines the implementation of second‐order autonomously controlled clock synchronization into the power packet dispatching system. At first, we derive the second‐order controlled model of a digital clock synchronization method and analyze the stability of the developed model. Secondly, through experiments, it is shown that the information of power packets can be recognized correctly and the power can be distributed to directed loads. This paper demonstrates the validity of the asynchronous power packet dispatching based on our derived model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complications and mortality following surgery for oral cavity cancer: Analysis of 408 cases
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Sosa Julie A. , Roman Sanziana , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo analyze the postoperative complications and mortality for oral cavity cancers, their time course, and to identify modifiable risk factors associated with their occurrence.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients undergoing surgery for oral cavity cancer were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data File (2005–2010). Overall and disease‐specific complication and mortality data were analyzed using chi‐square and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsThere were 408 cases identified. The overall 30‐day complication and mortality rates were 20.3% and 1.0%, respectively. The most common adverse events were reoperation (9.6%), infectious (6.6%), and respiratory (5.1%) complications. Twenty patients (4.9%) experienced postdischarge complications. Fifty‐two percent of postdischarge wound dehiscences and 67% of postdischarge surgical‐site infections occurred by postdischarge day 7, and 91% of all postdischarge complications occurred by postdischarge day 14. Smoking was independently associated with respiratory (odds ratio [OR] 3.59, P = .008) and surgical site complications (OR 5.13, P =.004). Neck dissection was independently associated with respiratory (OR 6.17, P = .001), surgical site (OR 6.30, P = .003), and infectious (OR 3.83, P = .003) complications.ConclusionCurrent smokers and those undergoing neck dissection are at high risk of postoperative complications after oral cavity cancer surgery. Less than 5% of patients experienced postdischarge complications, nearly all of which occurred by postdischarge day 14. Most early postdischarge complications occurred at the surgical site. In order to mitigate postdischarge complications and their sequelae, early clinical follow‐up should be sought for high‐risk patients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1869–1873, 2015
The radial forearm snake flap: A novel approach to oral cavity and oropharyngeal reconstruction that reduces forearm donor site morbidity
Authors: Garg Ravi K. , Wieland Aaron M. , Poore Samuel O. , Sanchez Ruston , Hartig Gregory K. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundRadial forearm free flaps are a versatile option for head and neck reconstruction, but often complicated by donor‐site problems including skin‐graft loss and wound breakdown. We introduce the radial forearm “snake” flap as a technique enabling primary donor site closure and compare wound healing outcomes to flap donor sites requiring split thickness skin graft (STSG) closure.Patients and MethodsA review of all radial forearm free flaps harvested over a 5‐year period was performed. We identified 18 radial forearm snake flaps whose donor sites were closed primarily. These flaps were designed as a long, narrow ellipse parallel to the forearm. An additional 57 forearm flaps were identified whose donor sites were closed with STSGs. Patient demographics, free flap survival rates, and wound healing complications were compared.ResultsThe survival rate for radial forearm snake flaps was 100% compared to 98.2% for wider radial forearm flaps (P = 1.00). There were 8 tendon exposures at the donor site, all of which occurred in patients whose donor sites were closed with STSGs. Delayed wound healing occurred in 1 radial forearm snake flap donor site (5.6%) compared to 18 (31.6%) donor sites closed with STSGs (P = 0.03).ConclusionsRadial forearm snake flaps are useful for reconstruction of small to medium size defects of the oral cavity and oropharynx and enable primary donor site closure. Flap success rates are not compromised by raising a radial forearm snake flap and rates of delayed healing of the flap donor site are significantly reduced compared to forearm flap donor sites closed with STSGs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:6–11, 2017.
Convergence analysis of a block improvement method for polynomial optimization over unit spheres
Authors: Wang Yiju , Caccetta Louis , Zhou Guanglu 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we study the convergence property of a block improvement method (BIM) for the bi‐quadratic polynomial optimization problem over unit spheres. We establish the global convergence of the method generally and establish its linear convergence rate under the second‐order sufficient condition. We also extend the BIM to inhomogeneous polynomial optimization problems over unit spheres. Numerical results reported in this paper show that the method is promising. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of a robust and sensitive arginine biosensor through ancestral protein reconstruction
Authors: Whitfield Jason H. , Zhang William H. , Herde Michel K. , Clifton Ben E. , Radziejewski Johanna , Janovjak Harald , Henneberger Christian , Jackson Colin J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBiosensors for signaling molecules allow the study of physiological processes by bringing together the fields of protein engineering, fluorescence imaging, and cell biology. Construction of genetically encoded biosensors generally relies on the availability of a binding “core” that is both specific and stable, which can then be combined with fluorescent molecules to create a sensor. However, binding proteins with the desired properties are often not available in nature and substantial improvement to sensors can be required, particularly with regard to their durability. Ancestral protein reconstruction is a powerful protein‐engineering tool able to generate highly stable and functional proteins. In this work, we sought to establish the utility of ancestral protein reconstruction to biosensor development, beginning with the construction of an l‐arginine biosensor. l‐arginine, as the immediate precursor to nitric oxide, is an important molecule in many physiological contexts including brain function. Using a combination of ancestral reconstruction and circular permutation, we constructed a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor for l‐arginine (cpFLIPR). cpFLIPR displays high sensitivity and specificity, with a Kd of ∼14 µM and a maximal dynamic range of 35%. Importantly, cpFLIPR was highly robust, enabling accurate l‐arginine measurement at physiological temperatures. We established that cpFLIPR is compatible with two‐photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and report l‐arginine concentrations in brain tissue.
Peer influence processes for youth delinquency and depression
Authors: Reynolds Andrew D. , Crea Thomas M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis study explores the multiple factors that account for peer influence processes of adolescent delinquency and depression using data from Waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Random‐effects longitudinal negative binomial models were used to predict depression and delinquency, controlling for social connection variables to account for selection bias. Findings suggest peer depression and delinquency are both predictive of youth delinquency, while peer influences of depression are much more modest. Youth who are more connected to parents and communities and who are more popular within their networks are more susceptible to peer influence, while self‐regulating youth are less susceptible. We find support for theories of popularity‐socialization as well as weak‐ties in explaining social network factors that amplify or constrain peer influence. We argue that practitioners working with youth should consider network‐informed interventions to improve program efficacy and avoid iatrogenic effects.
Modelling the interplay between nitrogen cycling processes and mitigation options in farming catchments
Authors: DURAND P. , MOREAU P. , SALMON-MONVIOLA J. , RUIZ L. , VERTES F. , GASCUEL-ODOUX C. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYQuantitative assessment of mitigation measures for nitrogen (N) pollution requires adequate models, good knowledge of catchment functioning and a thorough understanding of agricultural systems and stakeholder constraints. The current paper analyses a set of results from simulations, with two models, of agricultural changes in two catchments in different contexts with different constraints. The results show that reducing N inputs and increasing grassland areas are the most efficient measures, not only because they reduce N fluxes in streams but also because they enhance N use by agriculture and the whole catchment system. Introducing catch crops, hedgerows and riparian buffers are interesting complementary measures but of limited impact when implemented alone. These results are sensitive to the way mitigation measures are translated into model inputs, and their operational implications are discussed.
Non-linear education gradient across the nutrition transition: mothers’ overweight and the population education transition
Authors: Jeon Haram , Salinas Daniel , Baker David P 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies found that developed and developing countries present opposite education–overweight gradients but have not considered the dynamics at different levels of national development. An inverted U-shaped curve is hypothesized to best describe the education–overweight association. It is also hypothesized that as the nutrition transition unfolds within nations the shape of education–overweight curve changes.DesignMultilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the moderating effect of the nutrition transition at the population level on the education–overweight gradient. At the individual level, a non-linear estimate of the education association was used to assess the optimal functional form of the association across the nutrition transition.SettingTwenty-two administrations of the Demographic and Health Survey, collected at different time points across the nutrition transition in nine Latin American/Caribbean countries.SubjectsMothers of reproductive age (15–49 years) in each administration (n143 258).ResultsIn the pooled sample, a non-linear education gradient on mothers’ overweight was found; each additional year of schooling increases the probability of being overweight up to the end of primary schooling, after which each additional year of schooling decreases the probability of overweight. Also, as access to diets high in animal fats and sweeteners increases over time, the curve’s critical point moves to lower education levels, the detrimental positive effect of education diminishes, and both occur as the overall risk of overweight increases with greater access to harmful diets.ConclusionsBoth hypotheses were supported. As the nutrition transition progresses, the education–overweight curve shifts steadily to a negative linear association with a higher average risk of overweight; and education, at increasingly lower levels, acts as a ‘social vaccine’ against increasing risk of overweight. These empirical patterns fit the general ‘population education transition’ curve hypothesis about how education’s influences on health risks are contextualized across population transitions.
Determinants of gestational night blindness in pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Saunders Cláudia , Leal Maria do Carmo , Neves Paulo Augusto Ribeiro , Padilha Patricia de Carvalho , da Silva Letícia Barbosa Gabriel , Schilithz Arthur Orlando Corrêa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and determinants of gestational night blindness in pregnant women receiving care in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.DesignCross-sectional study of pregnant and postpartum women receiving care in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro from 1999 to 2001 (group I; n 225) or from 2005 to 2008 (group II; n 381). Night blindness was identified through a standardized and validated interview (WHO, 1996). The determinants of gestational night blindness were identified through a hierarchical logistic regression model.SettingPublic maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.SubjectsAdult pregnant and postpartum women (n 606), aged ≥20 years.ResultsThe prevalence of gestational night blindness was 9·9 %. The final model revealed that not living in the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro (distal level: adjusted OR=1·846; 95 % CI 1·002, 3·401), belonging to group I (intermediate level: adjusted OR=2·183; 95 % CI 1·066, 4·471) and for the proximal level, having a history of abortion (adjusted OR=2·840; 95 % CI 1·134, 7·115) and having anaemia during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy (adjusted OR=3·776; 95 % CI 1·579, 9·029) were determinants of gestational night blindness.ConclusionGestational night blindness should be assessed for during the prenatal care of all pregnant women, especially those living in deprived areas of the city and/or who have a history of abortion or anaemia. Nutritional monitoring is recommended during pregnancy to control gestational night blindness.
Nondestructive and intuitive determination of circadian chlorophyll rhythms in soybean leaves using multispectral imaging
Authors: Pan Wen-Juan , Wang Xia , Deng Yong-Ren , Li Jia-Hang , Chen Wei , Chiang John Y. , Yang Jian-Bo , Zheng Lei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe circadian clock, synchronized by daily cyclic environmental cues, regulates diverse aspects of plant growth and development and increases plant fitness. Even though much is known regarding the molecular mechanism of circadian clock, it remains challenging to quantify the temporal variation of major photosynthesis products as well as their metabolic output in higher plants in a real-time, nondestructive and intuitive manner. In order to reveal the spatial-temporal scenarios of photosynthesis and yield formation regulated by circadian clock, multispectral imaging technique has been employed for nondestructive determination of circadian chlorophyll rhythms in soybean leaves. By utilizing partial least square regression analysis, the determination coefficients R2, 0.9483 for chlorophyll a and 0.8906 for chlorophyll b, were reached, respectively. The predicted chlorophyll contents extracted from multispectral data showed an approximately 24-h rhythm which could be entrained by external light conditions, consistent with the chlorophyll contents measured by chemical analyses. Visualization of chlorophyll map in each pixel offers an effective way to analyse spatial-temporal distribution of chlorophyll. Our results revealed the potentiality of multispectral imaging as a feasible nondestructive universal assay for examining clock function and robustness, as well as monitoring chlorophyll a and b and other biochemical components in plants.
The footprint of urban heat island effect in China
Authors: Zhou Decheng , Zhao Shuqing , Zhang Liangxia , Sun Ge , Liu Yongqiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUrban heat island (UHI) is one major anthropogenic modification to the Earth system that transcends its physical boundary. Using MODIS data from 2003 to 2012, we showed that the UHI effect decayed exponentially toward rural areas for majority of the 32 Chinese cities. We found an obvious urban/rural temperature “cliff” and estimated that the footprint of UHI effect (FP, including urban area) was 2.3 and 3.9 times of urban size for the day and night, respectively, with large spatiotemporal heterogeneities. We further revealed that ignoring the FP may underestimate the UHI intensity in most cases and even alter the direction of UHI estimates for few cities. Our results provide new insights to the characteristics of UHI effect and emphasize the necessity of considering city- and time-specific FP when assessing the urbanization effects on local climate.