bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in focal therapy for prostate cancer: recommendations from a consensus panel
Authors: Muller Berrend G. , Fütterer Jurgen J. , Gupta Rajan T. , Katz Aaron , Kirkham Alexander , Kurhanewicz John , Moul Judd W. , Pinto Peter A. , Rastinehad Ardeshir R. , Robertson Cary , de la Rosette Jean , Sanchez‐Salas Rafael , Jones J. Stephen , Ukimura Osamu , Verma Sadhna , Wijkstra Hessel , Marberger Michael 
Published: November 2013

Objective
To establish a consensus on the utility of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to identify patients for focal therapy.
Methods
Urological surgeons, radiologists, and basic researchers, from Europe and North America participated in a consensus meeting about the use of mpMRI in focal therapy of prostate cancer.
The consensus process was face‐to‐face and specific clinical issues were raised and discussed with agreement sought when possible. All participants are listed among the authors.
Topics specifically did not include staging of prostate cancer, but rather identifying the optimal requirements for performing MRI, and the current status of optimally performed mpMRI to (i) determine focality of prostate cancer (e.g. localising small target lesions of ≥0.5 mL), (ii) to monitor and assess the outcome of focal ablation therapies, and (iii) to identify the diagnostic advantages of new MRI methods.
In addition, the need for transperineal template saturation biopsies in selecting patients for focal therapy was discussed, if a high quality mpMRI is available. In other words, can mpMRI replace the role of transperineal saturation biopsies in patient selection for focal therapy?
Results
Consensus was reached on most key aspects of the meeting; however, on definition of the optimal requirements for mpMRI, there was one dissenting voice.
mpMRI is the optimum approach to achieve the objectives needed for focal therapy, if made on a high quality machine (3T with/without endorectal coil or 1.5T with endorectal coil) and judged by an experienced radiologist.
Structured and standardised reporting of prostate MRI is paramount.
State of the art mpMRI is capable of localising small tumours for focal therapy.
State of the art mpMRI is the technique of choice for follow‐up of focal ablation.
Conclusions
The present evidence for MRI in focal therapy is limited.
mpMRI is not accurate enough to consistently grade tumour aggressiveness.
Template‐guided saturation biopsies are no longer necessary when a high quality state of the art mpMRI is available; however, suspicious lesions should always be confirmed by (targeted) biopsy.
Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Angle for Predicting the Outcome of Horizontal Bone Augmentation
Authors: Garaicoa Carlos , Suarez Fernando , Fu Jia‐Hui , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Monje Alberto , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of ridge morphology on the amount of horizontal bone augmentation achieved with the sandwich bone augmentation (SBA) technique in the reconstruction of buccal dehiscence defects on dental implants.MethodsCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to assess bone width changes in 26 patients who participated in a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2008 to 2011. The amount of horizontal bone gain was evaluated at four different levels (3, 6, 9, and 12 mm apical to the alveolar crest) and three different time points (T1: baseline, T2: at time of graft placement, and T3: 6 months later). Different morphological characteristics of the alveolar ridge were also evaluated to determine their influence on horizontal bone augmentation. A total of 78 CBCT scans were assessed.ResultsComparison of the changes in ridge morphology at all measurement locations showed an overall ridge width gain of 2.30 ± 2.20 mm after 6 months. The use of membranes and the angulation of the concavity played a role in influencing the outcomes of the SBA technique. Critical crest angulation (CA) is 150° for bone gain at 9 mm apical to the crest. When CA is smaller than 150°, the horizontal bone gain was 4.3 ± 2.2 mm; if CA is greater than 150°, the gain was significantly lower at 1.3 ± 1.7 mm (p = .001).ConclusionsSBA is a reliable and predictable technique to gain horizontal ridge width with simultaneous implant placement. Crest ridge angulation can be used as a tool to predict bone gain at 9 mm apical to the bone crest.
Characteristics and perspectives of night‐eating behaviour in a severely obese population
Authors: Cleator J. , Judd P. , James M. , Abbott J. , Sutton C. J. , Wilding J. P. H. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
What is already known about this subject
Night‐eating syndrome (NES) can be a feature of severe obesity.
NES is a dysfunction of circadian rhythm and is associated with impaired sleep.

What this study adds
Night eaters with severe obesity are more likely to be low in mood and unemployed compared with non‐night eaters.
Night eaters with severe obesity describe compulsive and uncontrolled eating.
Research interest in night‐eating syndrome (NES) has grown in recent years in line with increased rates of obesity. This study used a mixed‐methods approach to investigate its characteristics in severe obesity. Eighty‐one individuals (mean [standard deviation] age 44.6 [11.6] years, [body mass index] 50.0 [10.7] kg m−2; 43% men) from a hospital‐based UK obesity clinic were interviewed for NES based on 2003 criteria. Full and partial NES were combined into one night‐eating behaviour (NEB) group (n = 31). Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared with those of non‐NEB individuals (n = 50). NEB characteristics were also identified through exploratory thematic analysis of interview data. NEB individuals had lower mood (P = 0.01) and were less likely to be employed (P = 0.03). Differences in mean age and reported sleep duration were not significant. Thematic analysis of patient perceptions of NEB highlighted the potential heterogeneity of NEB development: NEB developed in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Individuals reported long‐standing and current sleep difficulties, negative affect and conflictful relationships. Night eating was solitary, compulsive and uncontrolled, and daytime eating patterns were chaotic. Accounts of awareness of night eating were conflicting. Severely obese night eaters are characterized by low mood and lack of employment. Further studies are required to explore behavioural and cognitive influences on night eating in severe obesity.
A preliminary study on pressure‐plate evaluation of forelimb toe–heel and mediolateral hoof balance on a hard vs. a soft surface in sound ponies at the walk and trot
Authors: Oosterlinck M. , Royaux E. , Back W. , Pille F. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyThus far, pressure‐plate analysis has been limited to measurements on a hard surface, whereas equine athletes routinely perform on a deformable substrate.ObjectivesTo explore pressure‐plate analysis on arena footing.Study designNonrandomised crossover study using noninvasive techniques.MethodsFive sound, unshod ponies were walked and trotted over a pressure plate in 2 different conditions. In the first session, the plate was covered with only a 5 mm rubber mat, and in the second session, with an additional 50 mm layer of sand and synthetic fibres. Limb loading and timing variables (peak vertical force, vertical impulse, peak vertical pressure, hoof contact area and stance phase duration) were obtained. Toe–heel and mediolateral hoof balance of the vertical force were calculated throughout stance (126 Hz).ResultsPeak vertical force, vertical impulse, peak vertical pressure and stance phase duration were decreased on the soft substrate, while hoof contact area increased. At impact, there was more even load distribution between the toe and heel region on the soft vs. hard surface. At mid‐stance, there was more loading of the toe region on the soft compared with the hard surface. At impact, there was more even load distribution between lateral and medial on the soft vs. hard surface at walk, but not at trot.ConclusionsComparison of observed vs. expected impulse indicated that the main factor involved in the lower loading on the soft surface is the dampening effect of the soft substrate, although definitive conclusions require concurrent force‐plate analysis. The pressure plate permitted quantitative evaluation of hoof balance of the vertical force on a deformable surface at the walk and trot and proved that there is more even load distribution on arena footing.
Effect of submillimeter size holes on the fatigue limit of a high strength tool steel
Authors: Shyam A. , Blau P. , Jordan T. , Yang N. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe very high cycle fatigue and small fatigue crack growth behaviour of a generic tool steel material for diesel fuel injector application are described. The small crack growth tests for the tool steel material with and without the hardening heat treatment revealed the mechanisms of crack propagation and threshold behaviour. Based on the small fatigue crack propagation threshold value, an elastic plastic fracture mechanics methodology for the prediction of the endurance limit of specimens with submillimeter holes is proposed. The advantages of the new methodology are discussed in relation to existing methodologies for endurance limit prediction of specimens with small holes.
Association of knee‐extension strength with instrumental activities of daily living in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Kojima Narumi , Kim Hunkyung , Saito Kyoko , Yoshida Hideyo , Yoshida Yuko , Hirano Hirohiko , Obuchi Shuichi , Shimada Hiroyuki , Suzuki Takao 
Published: November 2013

AimThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between knee‐extension (KE) strength and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and to examine the risk of IADL disability in relation to KE strength in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThe participants were 1235 community‐dwelling older adults (261 men and 974 women) in Tokyo who underwent a comprehensive health survey in 2009. The health survey included measurement of KE strength and a questionnaire on the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG)‐IADL. Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficients and partial correlation coefficients were calculated separately for each sex for four parameters representing quadriceps muscle strength and TMIG‐IADL. Pearson's χ2‐test of independence and the Cochran–Armitage test of trend were also carried out to determine the relationship between KE strength and IADL disability.ResultsIn women, all correlations between the quadriceps muscle strength parameters and the TMIG‐IADL score were statistically significant (P < 0.0005). The significance persisted remained even after factors regarding cognition or depression were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the percentage of female participants with IADL disability was dependent on KE strength; there was an inverse trend between KE strength and the percentage of people with IADL disability. In men, no significant relationship was found between KE strength and IADL.ConclusionsKE strength and IADL correlated positively, and the percentage of people with IADL disability decreased with increasing KE strength in women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 674–680.
Advanced Method for Evaluation of Gastric Cancer Risk By Serum Markers: Determination of True Low‐Risk Subjects for Gastric Neoplasm
Authors: Boda Tomoyuki , Ito Masanori , Yoshihara Masaharu , Kitamura Yoko , Matsuo Taiji , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients with negative anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibody titer and high pepsinogen (PG) level (group A) are regarded as having a low risk for gastric cancer. However, gastric cancer cases are occasionally observed in this group. We aimed to elucidate the clinical features of gastric neoplasm in group A patients and reviewed advanced methods for mass screening.Materials and MethodsA total of 271 gastric epithelial neoplasm patients were enrolled. We classified them according to the H. pylori‐PG system and determined the number of patients in each group. After excluding true H. pylori‐negative cases from group A (group A'), we examined the differences between group A' and group non‐A.ResultsGroup A included 30 (11%) patients, and only three of these were true negative for H. pylori. All patients in group A' (n = 27) exhibited endoscopic atrophy in the gastric corpus. Serologically, these patients showed low gastrin, low PG II and high PG I/II ratio, indicative of post‐eradication. Histologically, 24 (89%) of these had little inflammation, and 26 (96%) were negative for H. pylori by immunohistochemistry. No difference was observed in the incidence of metachronous gastric tumors between group A' and group non‐A. The discriminant function using gastrin and PGs could distinguish these 27 patients from true H. pylori‐negative controls with 85% sensitivity and 84% specificity.ConclusionsGroup A included a certain number of patients with atrophic gastritis who were potentially at risk of gastric neoplasm development. Although evaluation of corpus atrophy is necessary for the identification of these patients, the discriminant function may be useful.
Infrared LED irradiation photobiomodulation of oxidative stress in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Montoro L. A. , Turrioni A. P. S. , Basso F. G. , de Souza Costa C. A. , Hebling J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of infrared light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the oxidative stress induced in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).MethodologyHuman dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were harvested from sound primary teeth that were near exfoliation. Cells were seeded (105 cells cm−2) using α‐MEM supplemented with 10% FBS and after 24 h, were placed in contact with LPS (10 μg mL−1 of culture medium). Immediately afterwards, HDPCs were subjected to a single irradiation with an infrared LED (855 nm) delivering different doses of energy (0, 2, 4, 8, 15 or 30 J cm−2). For each dose, there was a control group without LPS application. Twenty‐four hours after irradiation, groups were tested for nitric oxide (NO) quantification, cell viability (MTT assay) and qualitative assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (α = 0.05).ResultsLipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced stress resulted in significant increase in NO production by HDPC without causing damage to cell respiratory metabolism. Irrespective of energy dose delivered, NO production was significantly reduced when LPS‐stressed cells were irradiated with infrared LED (2 J cm−2, P = 0.003; 95% CI = 5.84–27.71; 4 J cm−2, P = 0.001; 95% CI = 7.52–26.39; 8 J cm−2, P = 0.0195; 95% CI = −2.86–16.01; 15 J cm−2, P = 0.0001; 95% CI = 12.10–30.96; 30 J cm−2, P = 0.007; 95% CI = 5.84–24.71). The highest decrease in NO production was observed when 15 J cm−2 was delivered to cells. Infrared LED irradiation resulted in a decrease in ROS production, whilst HDPC metabolism was not significantly affected.ConclusionBiomodulation of oxidative stress of HPDC can be achieved by irradiation with a single dose of infrared LED. Within the range investigated, 15 J cm−2 resulted in the least production of NO.
Rituximab‐induced interleukin‐15 reduction associated with clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Díaz‐Torné César , Ortiz de Juana M. Angels , Geli Carme , Cantó Elisabet , Laiz Ana , Corominas Héctor , Casademont Jordi , de Llobet Josep M. , Juárez Cándido , Díaz‐López César , Vidal Sílvia 
Published: November 2013

SummaryRituximab therapy alters all aspects of B‐cell participation in the disturbed immune response of rheumatoid arthritis patients. To determine the impact of B‐cell depletion on other immune compartments, we analysed levels of soluble and surface interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) along with the frequency of IL‐15‐related subsets after rituximab treatment. We then studied the correlation of observed changes with clinical activity. Heparinized blood samples from 33 rheumatoid arthritis patients were collected on days 0, 30, 90 and 180 after each of three rituximab cycles. Serum cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Interleukin‐15 trans‐presentation was analysed by cytometry. Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies was performed to analyse circulating cell subsets. Interleukin‐15 was detected in the serum of 25 patients before initiating the treatment. Rituximab then progressively reduced serum IL‐15 (138 ± 21 pg/ml at baseline, 48 ± 18 pg/ml after third cycle, P = 0·03) along with IL‐17 (1197 ± 203 pg/ml at baseline, 623 ± 213 pg/ml after third cycle, P = 0·03) and tended to increase the frequency of circulating regulatory T cells (3·1 ± 1 cells/μl at baseline, 7·7 ± 2 cells/μl after third cycle). Rituximab also significantly decreased IL‐15 trans‐presentation on surface monocytes of patients negative for IL‐15 serum (mean fluorescence intensity: 4·82 ± 1·30 at baseline, 1·42 ± 0·69 after third cycle P = 0·05). Reduction of serum IL‐15 was associated with decrease in CD8+ CD45RO+/RA+ ratio (1·17 ± 0·21 at baseline, 0·36 ± 0·06 at third cycle, P = 0·02). DAS28, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein correlated significantly with CD8+ CD45RO+/RA+ ratio (R = 0·323, R = 0·357, R = 0·369 respectively, P < 0·001). Our results suggest that sustained clinical improvement after rituximab treatment is associated with IL‐15/memory T‐cell‐related mechanisms beyond circulating B cells.
Performance evaluation of a two‐echelon supply chain with stochastic demand, lost sales, and Coxian‐2 phase replenishment times
Authors: Vidalis Michael , Vrisagotis Vassilios , Varlas George 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper deals with a two‐echelon supply chain comprising a retailer and manufacturer. The retailer faces Poisson demand and follows a (S, s) continuous review inventory policy. The manufacturer produces and ships the retailer's orders with random delay that follows the Coxian‐2 distribution. Assuming lost sales at the retailer and infinite capacity at the manufacturer, we try to explore the performance of the supply chain system. The system is modeled as a continuous‐time Markov process with discrete space. The structure of the transition matrices of these specific systems is categorized as block‐partitioned, and a computational algorithm generates the matrices for different values of system characteristics. The proposed algorithm allows the calculation of performance measures—fill rate, cycle times, average inventory (work in progress [WIP])—from the derivation of the steady‐state probabilities. Moreover, expressions for the holding costs and shortage costs are derived.
Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Bread‐Coated Hake Fillets as Affected by Cooking Conditions
Authors: Pérez‐Palacios Trinidad , Casal Susana , Petisca Catarina , Ferreira Isabel M.P.L.V.O. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe influence of deep‐frying at different combinations of temperature (160, 180 and 200C) and time (2, 4 and 6 min) and the cooking process (deep‐frying in sunflower/olive oil and oven‐baking) on quality characteristics (moisture and lipid content, instrumental texture and color, fatty acid composition and sensory traits) of bread‐coated hake fillets was studied. The relationships between these quality characteristics were also analyzed. The effect of temperature and time of deep‐frying was not so relevant in quality parameters, whereas the cooking process influenced significantly. Deep‐frying in olive oil and oven‐baking were more adequate from a nutritional point of view, whereas deep‐frying in sunflower gave preferred sensory characteristics. Significant correlations were found between most studied parameters, i.e., overall acceptability correlated positively to lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), polyunsaturated acids and sunflower oil flavor. These findings are considerable to maintain sensory attributes in bread‐coated hake fillets and enhance nutritional properties.Practical ApplicationsThe effect of the cooking method on nutritional and sensory traits in bread‐coated hake fillets as well as the proved relationships between these quality characteristics are of major relevance to establish healthier nutritional recommendations about this type of products while keeping consumer's acceptance.
A temporal assessment of flooding fatalities in Pakistan (1950–2012)
Authors: Paulikas M.J. , Rahman M.K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPakistan is a developing nation that has historically been subjected to high flooding fatality events due to its socioeconomic characteristics, population geography, and landscape attributes. Flooding in Pakistan has historically resulted from heavy rain events or periodic landfalling tropical cyclones that have afflicted the nation throughout its history. This study aggregates flooding events in Pakistan over a 62‐year period to identify peak years and seasonal cycles of when flood‐related fatalities have historically been highest in the nation. Seasonally, Pakistan is especially prone to flood disasters during the summer monsoon months, and also during the months of November and December, when tropical cyclone activity periodically impacts the nation. Some of the earlier flooding events have not been well documented with respect to specific months or dates of occurrence, and have therefore been excluded from the seasonal analysis portion of the study. Over the past 60 years, exceptionally high numbers of flood‐related fatalities occurred in the years 1950, 1965, and 2010; peak fatality flood years are mostly attributed to single catastrophic events caused primarily by large‐scale river floods or landfalling tropical cyclones.
Regional intensity‐duration‐frequency curves for Jeddah region, Saudi Arabia, using ordinary and L‐moments approaches
Authors: Awadallah A.G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe frequency analysis of rainfall in the Jeddah region, Saudi Arabia, has been disputed both on grounds of the methodology, statistical model and the resulting rainfall estimates. Frequency analysis of available rainfall records for Jeddah region, Saudi Arabia, is performed to develop regional intensity‐duration‐frequency (IDF) curves. The data cover nearly 40 years of records for 10 stations. Only three stations comprise short duration records of 10 min accuracy. The homogeneity of the region is first assessed using tests relying on the coefficients of variation of ordinary moments and also the discordancy and the heterogeneity measures based on L‐moments. The best fitting distribution to all region stations is selected comparing several approaches: namely the ordinary and L‐moment ratio diagrams, the goodness‐of‐fit measures based on L‐moments, the log‐log and the mean excess function plots, and finally the Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria. The gamma distribution can be used for fitting the whole region. Jeddah region is thus divided into two homogeneous rainfall regions and two sets of rainfall IDF curves are developed for 2‐, 5‐, 10‐, 25‐, 50‐ and 100‐year return periods. The approach proposed by this study helps develop IDF curves derived using a regional approach in which several methods are investigated yielding converging results.