bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of carbohydrate distribution in the testis of Aceh bull using periodic acid Schiff staining
Authors: Wahyuni S , Siregar T N , Pratiwi C S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Spermatogenesis that occurred in the seminiferous tubule of the testis requires various substances, one of which is carbohydrates. Data regarding carbohydrates distribution in the testis of Aceh bull is currently not available. The objective of this study is to determine the neutral carbohydrates distribution in the seminiferous tubule and interstitial tissue of Aceh bull testis using histochemical periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Five pairs adult testis of Aceh bull were use and fixed in neutral buffered formalin 10% (immersion fixation), and then processed into histological preparation to be stained using PAS staining. A positive reaction on the presence of neutral carbohydrate in the testis indicated by magenta color in the specific cells and other components of testis. According microscopic observation, neutral carbohydrates found in the spermatogonium, spermatocyte, round spermatid, elongated spermatid, basal membrane, myoid peritubular cell, and cytoplasm of Sertoli cell in seminiferous tubule. Furthermore, the specific neutral carbohydrates were observed in the round spermatid with various expression, indicated that carbohydrates (glycoprotein) have an important role for acrosome formation in the round, elongating, and elongated spermatid during spermiogenesis to produce spermatozoa. Additionally, neutral carbohydrates were also found in the interstitial tissue of testis, including Leydig cell, fibrocyte, blood vessels, connective tissue, and tunica albuginea of testis. In conclusion, the presence of neutral carbohydrate in the testis of Aceh bull indicates that this substance is required to maintain spermatogenesis and tissue structure of the testis.
Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils in the family Lamiaceae
Authors: Isnaini N , Annisa A , Prajaputra V , Maryam S , Idroes R , Khairan K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The family Lamiaceae, commonly known as the mint family, comprises a diverse group of aromatic plants known for their rich essential oil content. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils derived from various species within the Lamiaceae family. A thorough literature search was conducted across reputable scientific databases, resulting in a meticulous selection of studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The review synthesizes findings from a wide range of investigations, highlighting the chemical constituents present in Lamiaceae-derived essential oils. Major components such as monoterpenes (e.g., limonene, menthol) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., caryophyllene, germacrene) are commonly identified across various species. Moreover, this review provides an extensive overview of the diverse biological activities associated with these essential oils, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. Furthermore, the systematic review discusses potential applications and implications of Lamiaceae-derived essential oils in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and food preservation. The comprehensive analysis presented in this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and industries interested in harnessing the immense potential of essential oils from the Lamiaceae family for a wide array of applications. Future research directions are also suggested based on identified knowledge gaps in the existing literature.
Phylogeography of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) Inland Waters of Asia
Authors: Handayani L S , Muchlisin Z A , Rahayu S R , Razi N M , Eriani K , Fadli N , Ramadhaniaty M , Marini A , Lonteng R M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Clarias batrachus is native species from the Clarias genus that has significant economic value in the world, including Indonesia. The genetic relationship between C. batrachus populations in Asia has not been intensively studied. This study used the mitochondrial COI gene as a marker to examine the phylogeography pattern of Clarias batrachus in Indonesia and other Asian nations. The samples were extracted, PCR and sequenced using a standard procedure for these purposes. Five C. batrachus samples in total were taken from Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The sequences from Aceh were compared with 39 samples from the Genbank were employed in this analysis. Of these, 10 samples from Thailand, 10 samples from India, 10 samples from Philippines and 9 samples from Java, Indonesia. The results showed that 15 haplotypes were produced from the sequences. All populations have a haplotype diversity (Hd) value of 0.892. With a genetic distance of 0.022, Thailand and the Philippines have the closest population, while Aceh and India have the furthest populations, separated by a genetic distance of 0.113. Within the population, the genetic distance varies between 0-0.005. Therefore, it is concluded that the C. batrachus population of Aceh is closer in genetic distance to the C. batrachus population of Thailand.
Analysis of Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Solanum ertianthum Extract
Authors: Zebua Nilsya Febrika , Fujiko Muflihah , Dachi Kanne , Nerdy Nerdy , Septama Abdi Wira 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Solanum erianthum is one of the herbal plants that is believed by the Indonesian people to be a medicinal plant. The flavonoid and polyphenol compounds contained therein have antioxidant activity, but this has not been proven empirically. Solanum erianthum extract is produced using the maceration method. The determination of total flavonoid levels in Solanum erianthum was measured using a method based on complex formation, namely the aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) method. The antioxidant activity of Solanum erianthum was measured using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-2picrihydrazyl) method because of its stability in the form of free radicals and because it is simple to carry out. The results obtained after determining the total flavonoid content in Solanum erianthum extract with various concentrations using the aluminum trioxide method were 1,430 mg QE/g, 2,282 mg QE/g, 3,180 mg QE/g, 3,567 mg QE/g, 4,291 mg QE/g. Solanum erianthum extract demonstrated antioxidant activity in the DPPH test, with an IC50 value of 66.493 g/ml. This falls into the “strong” category. This research shows that the phytochemical screening content of Solanum erianthum extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and tritepenoids. The total flavonoid content in Solanum erianthum extract at concentrations of 6 µg/ml, 8 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml, 12 µg/ml, and 14 µg/ml is as follows: 1,430mg QE/g, 2,282mg QE/g, 3,180mg QE/g, 3,567mg QE/g, and 4,291mg QE/g, as well as the antioxidant activity of Solanum erianthum extract with an average yield of 69,493 ppm.
Toxicity of mangrove plant extract (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) using the brine shrimp lethality test method
Authors: Saidi N , Ginting B , Lini Z , Riski C D , Asma N , Mulya M I , Yahya M , Murniana  , Bahi M 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRhizophora stylosais a type of mangrove that is very abundant on the coast of Indonesia and contains many active compounds. So far, research on the toxicity of bark, leaf and flower extracts ofR. stylosahas not been reported. This research aims to determine the toxic effects ofn-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts from the bark, leaves and flowers ofR. stylosathrough initial screening using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and to determine the components contained in the plant. Toxicity testing using the BSLT method is widely used as the first step in extract screening because it is fast, cheap and easy to do. The results obtained were that allR. stylosaplant extracts were classified as non-toxic except for the dichloromethane extract of bark with an LC50value of 947.76 ppm (toxic). The results of GC-MS analysis show that the compound that has the highest area is lupeol compound.
Toxicity of methanolic extract from cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L) using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT)
Authors: Febrina R V , Yahya M , Windananti S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the countries that produces a large amount of Theobroma cacao L. in the world. The extract of water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane of cocoa pod husk contains several chemical constituents that exhibit potential biological activities. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk extract. Cocoa pod husk (6 kg) was first macerated with methanol and then extracted using n-hexane to obtain n-hexane extract (TCH) weighing 68.81 g (40.91%). The methanol extract was further extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain 17.98 g (10.69%) ethyl acetate extract. The methanol extract thus obtained was 76.38 g (45.41%). The methanol extract was further extracted using acetone to give 11.91 g (15.59%) acetone extract (TCA) and 45.33 g (59.35%) methanol extract (TCM). Theobroma cacao Acetone extract (TCA) was further isolated by gravity chromatography column and 11 fractions (TCA 1-TCA 11) were obtained. TCA 3 was re-chromatographed using an eluent system of n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8.5:1.5). The toxicity of the TCA extract and its combined fractions (TCA 1-TCA 11) on Artemia salina Leach larvae was assessed. TCA fraction 3 was found to be toxic with an LC50 value of 136.3 ppm.
Simulation of lahar flow potensial hazards in seulawah agam volcano eruption-aceh
Authors: Masyithah  , Ismail N , Nizamuddin  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Seulawah Agam volcano is an active stratovolcanic volcano located on Sumatra Island. During the decade following the phreatic eruption in 1839 up to now, there have only been a few small-scale increases in activity. The hazards associated with volcanic eruptions can be divided into primary hazards and secondary hazards. One type of significant secondary hazard is lahar flow. The consequences of this volcanic eruption must be overcome because the impact is the same as the main hazard, especially if efforts to overcome it are not taken seriously. Therefore, simulations are needed to understand the lahar flow patterns that can occur due to the eruption of the Seulawah Agam volcano. This lahar flow simulation is based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, namely DEMNAS, and uses the LAHARZ application, which is based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The LAHARZ software is designed to calculate potential hazard zones exposed to lahar flows based on volume parameters. Lahar flow simulations were made in hydrological channels with several lahar volume scenarios, such as 1 x 105 m3, 1 x 106 m3, and 5 x 106 m3. The lahar volume estimate used is based on information from historical data on volcanic eruptions whose characteristics are almost the same as the Seulawah Agam volcano. This volume scenario shows differences in the extent of lahar flows and the size of the affected area. The results of this lahar flow simulation can be one of the first steps in efforts to mitigate the hazards of volcanic eruptions in the future.
Experimental study of calcium carbonate solution saturation in the separation process of palm kernel-shell mixtures using water clay bath systems
Authors: Syarifuddin S , Husin H , Mahidin M , Jakfar J , Nurhazanah N , Nasution F , Nasri F R , Ramadhan H D 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContinual use of CaCO3in the separation of the palm kernel-shell mixture causes CaCO3solution saturation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the causes of CaCO3solution saturation during the separation process of palm kernel-shell mixtures. The process was carried out in the laboratory clay bath system using several factors in the separation process, including calcium carbonate to water ratios (1:2 and 1:3), palm kernel-shell mixture feed rates (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 kg/batch), and times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h) with density, pH, and oil content as the quantitative control. The results show that the density and pH of the separating solution dropped per unit length of processing, with the lowest values being around 1.0916 g/ml and 6.65 (CaCO3to H2O ratios of 1:3; feed rates 3.0 kg/batch; and times 5 h), respectively. In addition, the oil content of the separating solution was raised from 0.145 mg/L to 571.87 mg/L. Owing to the results, the dissolved oil in the solution was discovered as the cause of the saturation of the separating solution (decanting agent) during the process, corresponding to the inefficient separation of palm kernels and shells.
Efficient hygro-thermal and ammonia control in day-old chick brooding box using internet of things and Tsukamoto Fuzzy controller
Authors: Adek R T , Ula M , Bustami B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Day-old chick brooding box systems play a pivotal role in optimizing chicken production by providing ideal environmental conditions. Controlling hygro-thermal parameters (temperature and relative humidity) and ammonia levels in poultry buildings is paramount. In this study, we introduce a novel approach where an Internet of Things (IoT) based prototype for day-old chick brooding box management is integrated with an Android application for real-time monitoring and control. The prototype incorporates an innovative hybrid control strategy, combining a Tsukamoto (TSUKAMOTO) fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with IoT. This approach is rigorously tested through experimental measures and studies over a 90-day period, encompassing both rainy and drought seasons. Comparative analysis reveals that the T-FLC controller outperforms conventional methods, exhibiting lower root mean square errors for temperature and relative humidity response (0.9°C, 1.35%) compared to the FLC (1.18°C, 1.89%) and On/Off controller (2.08°C, 3.07%). Importantly, all controllers maintain ammonia concentrations below 4 ppm. Furthermore, the T-FLC system demonstrates superior efficiency, achieving a daily weight gain rate of 95%, surpassing the FLC (89%) and On/Off controller (81%). Additionally, the T-FLC controller significantly reduces energy consumption, saving up to 40% compared to the On/Off controller and 16% compared to the fuzzy controller. These findings underscore the exceptional efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for day-old chick brooding box applications, promising enhanced poultry production and sustainability.
Elemental analysis of “kampong” chicken egg shell content using a Nd-YAG laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Putri A , Mitaphonna R , Rajibussalim  , Lahna K , Idris N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Distinguishing between eggs laid by chickens fed organic versus chemical feed poses a formidable challenge, particularly when relying on eggshell characteristics alone. As such, this investigation was undertaken to conduct a qualitative exploration of the eggshell composition in free-range chickens, employing laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to discern varying feed treatments within the samples. To initiate the formation of micro-plasma, a Nd:YAG LIBS system has been utilized as the excitation source. The eggshells used in the study were sourced from seven distinct chicken groups subjected to diverse feeding protocols, including 100% industrial feed, 100% village feed, and its combination, and also along with eggshells from purebred chickens purchased from traditional markets. Based on the spectroscopic analysis, the seven samples utilized in this study exhibit a uniform chemical composition, encompassing both organic and inorganic elements, specifically C, O, H, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, K, Si, and S.
The impact of corrosion due to salinity levels in the eastern zone of krueng aceh on the service life of steel frame building structural elements
Authors: Farhan R. , Bermansyah S. , Fikri R. , Hayati Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of profile steel as the main element in construction has gained significant popularity due to its mechanical strength and ease of workability. Corrosion is a problem that occurs within steel as a result of the chemical interaction between the steel and its surrounding environment. The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of corrosion rate on the service life of steel frame structures in the East Zone of Krueng Aceh based on varying levels of salinity. This study employs direct observation and an experimental method that carry out testing on-site for 30 days on test objects/items. The test specimens consist of steel plates measuring 50mm x 25mm x 5mm with BJ45 quality, which were cut and buried in soil excavated to a depth of approximately 1 to 2 meters for one month while submerged. Subsequently, calculations were made using the Weight Loss Method to obtain the corrosion rate value.The results obtained in Zone II, which has the highest salinity level of 6788 ppm, yielded a corrosion rate value of 0.145 mm/year. In this study, the structural element under consideration is the column. Remaining service life analysis is based on the reduction in the cross-sectional area of the column profile after corrosion, thus assessing the decrease in its strength while referring back to the requirements outlined in SNI 1729:2020. The remaining service life of the steel frame structure in Zone II after corrosion is 21 years. For the test specimens placed in Zone IV, which has the lowest salinity level of 941 ppm.
Robust high-Q quasi-BICs in double-layer high-contrast metagrating with temperature self-compensation for refractive index sensing
Authors: Sun Jiaxi , Hu Jinhua , Li Lei , Zhao Jijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We propose a double-layer high-contrast metagrating structure with robust high-quality (Q) and temperature self-compensation for four-band refractive index sensing. The structure supports four-band symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (SP-BICs) that transform into quasi-BICs as a result of structural symmetry breaking. However, the Q-factor of these quasi-BICs are limited by perturbation parameters, hampering practical fabrication. Interestingly, tuning the cavity length, we implement four-band Fabry–Pérot bound states in the continuum (FP-BICs) to transform the resonance mode back into high-Q quasi-BICs even at large perturbations. This approach is conducive to improving robustness and modulation freedom of Q-factors. In addition, we achieve temperature self-compensation by using the double-layer high-contrast metagrating consists of two materials with opposite thermo-optic (TO) dispersions. The simulation results indicate that the largest refractive index sensitivity is 470.9 nm RIU−1, its figure of merit is 427 818.2, and its Q-factor up to 9.3 × 105. The proposed double-layer high-contrast metagrating has potential application prospects for multiplex and high-performance sensing.
rAbDesFlow: a novel workflow for computational recombinant antibody design for healthcare engineering
Authors: Krishnan Sowmya Ramaswamy , Sharma Divya , Nazeer Yasin , Bose Mayilvahanan , Rajkumar Thangarajan , Jayaraman Guhan , Madaboosi Narayanan , Gromiha M Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recombinant antibodies (rAbs) have emerged as a promising solution to tackle antigen specificity, enhancement of immunogenic potential and versatile functionalization to treat human diseases. The development of single chain variable fragments has helped accelerate treatment in cancers and viral infections, due to their favorable pharmacokinetics and human compatibility. However, designing rAbs is traditionally viewed as a genetic engineering problem, with phage display and cell free systems playing a major role in sequence selection for gene synthesis. The process of antibody engineering involves complex and time-consuming laboratory techniques, which demand substantial resources and expertise. The success rate of obtaining desired antibody candidates through experimental approaches can be modest, necessitating iterative cycles of selection and optimization. With ongoing advancements in technology, in silico design of diverse antibody libraries, screening and identification of potential candidates for in vitro validation can be accelerated. To meet this need, we have developed rAbDesFlow, a unified computational workflow for recombinant antibody engineering with open-source programs and tools for ease of implementation. The workflow encompasses five computational modules to perform antigen selection, antibody library generation, antigen and antibody structure modeling, antigen–antibody interaction modeling, structure analysis, and consensus ranking of potential antibody sequences for synthesis and experimental validation. The proposed workflow has been demonstrated through design of rAbs for the ovarian cancer antigen Mucin-16 (CA-125). This approach can serve as a blueprint for designing similar engineered molecules targeting other biomarkers, allowing for a simplified adaptation to different cancer types or disease-specific antigens.
Exposure to metal mixtures and telomere length in Bangladeshi children
Authors: Farzan Shohreh F , Niu Zhongzheng , Guo Fangqi , Shahriar Mohammad , Kibriya Muhammad G , Jasmine Farzana , Sarwar Golam , Jackson Brian P , Ahsan Habibul , Argos Maria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Telomere length is associated with chronic diseases and, in younger populations, may represent a biomarker of disease susceptibility. As growing evidence suggests that environmental factors, including metals, may impact telomere length. We investigated the association between 17 metals measured in toenail samples and leukocyte relative telomere length (RTL), among 472 5- to 7-year-old children enrolled in the Bangladesh Environmental Research in Children’s Health (BiRCH) cohortIn single-exposure linear regression models, a doubling of arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) (μg/g) were associated with a −0.21 (95% CI, −0.032 to −0.010; P = .0005) and −0.017 (95% CI, −0.029 to −0.004; P = .006) difference in RTL, respectively. In Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) mixture models, the overall metal mixture was inversely associated with RTL (P-for-trend &lt; 0.001). Negative associations with RTL were observed with both log2-As and log2-Hg, while an inverted U-shaped association was observed for log2-zinc (Zn) with RTL. We found little evidence of interaction among metals. Sex-stratification identified stronger associations of the overall mixture and log2-As with RTL among females compared to males. Our study suggests that As and Hg may independently influence RTL in mid-childhood. Further studies are needed to investigate potential long-term impacts of metal-associated telomere shortening in childhood on health outcomes in adult life.