bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported eating rate and metabolic syndrome in Japanese people: cross-sectional study
Authors: Nagahama Satsue , Kurotani Kayo , Pham Ngoc Minh , Nanri Akiko , Kuwahara Keisuke , Dan Masashi , Nishiwaki Yuji , Mizoue Tetsuya 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the association between self-reported eating rate and metabolic syndrome.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAnnual health checkup at a health check service centre in Japan.ParticipantsA total of 56 865 participants (41 820 male and 15 045 female) who attended a health checkup in 2011 and reported no history of coronary heart disease or stroke.Main outcome measureMetabolic syndrome was defined by the joint of interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.ResultsIn multiple logistic regression models, eating rate was significantly and positively associated with metabolic syndrome. The multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CI) for slow, normal and fast were 0.70 (0.62 to 0.79), 1.00 (reference) and 1.61 (1.53 to 1.70), respectively, in men (p for trend <0.001), and 0.74 (0.60 to 0.91), 1.00 (reference) and 1.27 (1.13 to 1.43), respectively, in women (p for trend <0.001). Of metabolic syndrome components, abdominal obesity showed the strongest association with eating rate. The associations of eating rate and metabolic syndrome and its components were largely attenuated after further adjustment for body mass index; however, the association of slow eating with lower odds of high blood pressure (men and women) and hyperglycaemia (men) and that of fast eating with higher odds of lipid abnormality (men) remained statistically significant.ConclusionsResults suggest that eating rate is associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and that this association is largely accounted for by the difference in body mass according to eating rate.
Insights from staff nurses and managers on unit-specific nursing performance dashboards: a qualitative study
Authors: Jeffs Lianne , Beswick Susan , Lo Joyce , Lai Yonda , Chhun Aline , Campbell Heather 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionPerformance data can be used to monitor and guide interventions aimed at improving the quality and safety of patient care. To use performance data effectively, nurses need to understand how to interpret and use data in meaningful ways to guide practice. Dashboards are interactive computerised tools that display performance data. In one large, urban teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada, unit-specific dashboards were implemented across the organisation.MethodsA qualitative study was undertaken to explore the perceptions and experiences of front-line nurses and managers associated with the implementation of a unit-level dashboard. Six units were selected to participate in the study. Data were analysed using a directed content analysis approach.ResultsThe sample included 56 study participants, including 51 front-line nurses and 5 unit managers. Three key themes emerged around nurses’ and unit managers’ perspectives on the implementation of unit-specific dashboards. Nurses and managers described that the Care Utilising Evidence dashboard was a visual tool that displayed data on the impact of the nursing care provided to patients. This tool also was used by the nurses and managers to keep track of processes of care and patient outcomes and experiences at a unit level. Further, nurses were able to use performance data to identify quality care improvements specific to their unit.ConclusionsThe results highlight how unit-specific dashboards are being used to monitor performance and drive quality improvement efforts from the perspectives of nurses and unit managers. In practice, nurse leaders may consider investing in dashboards as a quality improvement strategy to optimise the use of performance data at their organisations.
Periodic sulphur dioxide degassing from the Soufrière Hills Volcano related to deep magma supply
Authors: Christopher T. , Edmonds M. , Taisne B. , Odbert H. , Costa A. , Hards V. , Wadge G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Soufrière Hills Volcano produced prodigious quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO
2
) gas throughout 1995–2013. An unprecedented, detailed record of SO
2
flux shows that high SO
2
fluxes were sustained through eruptive pauses and for two years after the end of lava extrusion and are decoupled from lava extrusion rates. Lava extrusion rates have exhibited strong 1- to 2-year cyclicity. Wavelet analysis demonstrates periodicities of
c.
5 months and
c.
2 years within the SO
2
time series, as well as the shorter cycles identified previously. The latter period is similar to the wavelength of cycles in lava extrusion, albeit non-systematically offset. The periodicities are consistent with pressure changes accompanying deformation in a coupled magma reservoir system whereby double periodic behaviour may arise from limited connectivity between two reservoirs. During periods of lava extrusion SO
2
is released together with the lava (yielding the
c.
2 year period), albeit with some offset. In contrast, when magma cannot flow because of its yield strength, SO
2
is released independently from lava (yielding the
c.
5 month period). Our results have implications for eruption forecasting. It seems likely that, when deep supply of magma ceases, gas fluxes will cease to be periodic.
Genetic Deletion of AEG-1 Prevents Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Robertson Chadia L. , Srivastava Jyoti , Siddiq Ayesha , Gredler Rachel , Emdad Luni , Rajasekaran Devaraja , Akiel Maaged , Shen Xue-Ning , Guo Chunqing , Giashuddin Shah , Wang Xiang-Yang , Ghosh Shobha , Subler Mark A. , Windle Jolene J. , Fisher Paul B. , Sarkar Devanand 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Activation of the oncogene AEG-1 (MTDH, LYRIC) has been implicated recently in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In mice, HCC can be initiated by exposure to the carcinogen DEN, which has been shown to rely upon activation of NF-κB in liver macrophages. Because AEG-1 is an essential component of NF-κB activation, we interrogated the susceptibility of mice lacking the AEG-1 gene to DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. AEG-1–deficient mice displayed resistance to DEN-induced HCC and lung metastasis. No difference was observed in the response to growth factor signaling or activation of AKT, ERK, and β-catenin, compared with wild-type control animals. However, AEG-1–deficient hepatocytes and macrophages exhibited a relative defect in NF-κB activation. Mechanistic investigations showed that IL6 production and STAT3 activation, two key mediators of HCC development, were also deficient along with other biologic and epigenetics findings in the tumor microenvironment, confirming that AEG-1 supports an NF-κB–mediated inflammatory state that drives HCC development. Overall, our findings offer in vivo proofs that AEG-1 is essential for NF-κB activation and hepatocarcinogenesis, and they reveal new roles for AEG-1 in shaping the tumor microenvironment for HCC development. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6184–93. ©2014 AACR.
No Evidence of Gene–Calcium Interactions from Genome-Wide Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Du Mengmeng , Zhang Xuehong , Hoffmeister Michael , Schoen Robert E. , Baron John A. , Berndt Sonja I. , Brenner Hermann , Carlson Christopher S. , Casey Graham , Chan Andrew T. , Curtis Keith R. , Duggan David , Gauderman W. James , Giovannucci Edward L. , Gong Jian , Harrison Tabitha A. , Hayes Richard B. , Henderson Brian E. , Hopper John L. , Hsu Li , Hudson Thomas J. , Hutter Carolyn M. , Jenkins Mark A. , Jiao Shuo , Kocarnik Jonathan M. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Le Marchand Loic , Lin Yi , Newcomb Polly A. , Rudolph Anja , Seminara Daniela , Thornquist Mark D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , White Emily , Wu Kana , Zanke Brent W. , Campbell Peter T. , Slattery Martha L. , Peters Ulrike , Chang-Claude Jenny , Potter John D. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: Calcium intake may reduce risk of colorectal cancer, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Studies of interaction between calcium intake and SNPs in calcium-related pathways have yielded inconsistent results.
Methods: To identify gene–calcium interactions, we tested interactions between approximately 2.7 million SNPs across the genome with self-reported calcium intake (from dietary or supplemental sources) in 9,006 colorectal cancer cases and 9,503 controls of European ancestry. To test for multiplicative interactions, we used multivariable logistic regression and defined statistical significance using the conventional genome-wide α = 5E−08.
Results: After accounting for multiple comparisons, there were no statistically significant SNP interactions with total, dietary, or supplemental calcium intake.
Conclusions: We found no evidence of SNP interactions with calcium intake for colorectal cancer risk in a large population of 18,509 individuals.
Impact: These results suggest that in genome-wide analysis common genetic variants do not strongly modify the association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer in European populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2971–6. ©2014 AACR.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Biomarkers Predictive of Response to PI3K Inhibitors and of Resistance Mechanisms in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mazumdar Tuhina , Byers Lauren A. , Ng Patrick Kwok Shing , Mills Gordon B. , Peng Shaohua , Diao Lixia , Fan You-Hong , Stemke-Hale Katherine , Heymach John V. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Johnson Faye M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but pathway inhibition has variable efficacy. Identification of predictive biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance would allow selection of patients most likely to respond and novel therapeutic combinations. The purpose of this study was to extend recent discoveries regarding the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HNSCC by more broadly examining potential biomarkers of response, by examining pathway inhibitors with a diverse range of targets, and by defining mechanisms of resistance and potential combination therapies. We used reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) to simultaneously evaluate expression of 195 proteins; SNP array to estimate gene copy number; and mass array to identify mutations. We examined altered signaling at baseline and after pathway inhibition. Likewise, we examined the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HNSCC tumors by RPPA. Cell lines with PIK3CA mutations were sensitive to pathway inhibitors, whereas amplification status did not predict sensitivity. While we identified a set of individual candidate biomarkers of response to pathway inhibitors, proteomic pathway scores did not correlate with amplification or mutation and did not predict response. Several receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR and ERK, were activated following PI3K inhibition in resistant cells; dual pathway inhibition of PI3K and EGFR or MEK demonstrated synergy. Combined MEK and PI3K inhibition was markedly synergistic in HRAS-mutant cell lines. Our findings indicate that clinical trials of single-agent PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors in selected populations and of PI3K/EGFR or PI3K/MEK inhibitor combinations are warranted; we plan to conduct such trials. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(11); 2738–50. ©2014 AACR.
MEDI-573, Alone or in Combination with Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors, Targets the Insulin-like Growth Factor Pathway in Sarcomas
Authors: Zhong Haihong , Fazenbaker Christine , Breen Shannon , Chen Cui , Huang Jiaqi , Morehouse Christopher , Yao Yihong , Hollingsworth Robert E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMEDI-573 is a human antibody that neutralizes insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGFII. IGFs are overexpressed in multiple types of cancer; their overexpression is a potential mechanism for resistance to IGFI receptor (IGFIR)-targeting therapy. Effects of IGF on cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival are mediated through its binding to and activation of IGFIR or insulin receptor A (IR-A). In this study, we measured the mRNA levels of IGFI, IGFII, and IGFIR in human pediatric sarcoma xenografts, and protein levels in sarcoma cell lines. MEDI-573 potently inhibited in vitro proliferation of sarcoma cell lines, with Ewing sarcoma cell lines being the most sensitive. In addition, MEDI-573 inhibited IGFI- and IGFII-induced sarcoma cell proliferation in vitro. The effect of MEDI-573 on IGF signaling was also examined. Treatment with MEDI-573 markedly reduced levels of pIGFIR, pIR-A, and pAKT and significantly blocked IGFI- and IGFII-induced activation of the IGFIR and AKT pathways. MEDI-573 inhibited the growth of sarcoma xenografts in vivo and inhibition correlated with neutralization of IGFI and IGFII. Combination of MEDI-573 with either rapamycin or AZD2014, another mTOR inhibitor (mTORi), significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of MEDI-573, and this response correlated with modulation of AKT and mTOR signaling. In summary, sarcoma cells respond to autocrine or paracrine growth stimulation by IGFI and IGFII, and inhibition of IGFI and IGFII by MEDI-573 results in significant slowing of tumor growth rate in sarcoma models, particularly in Ewing sarcoma. These data provide evidence for the potential benefits of MEDI-573 and mTORi combinations in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(11); 2662–73. ©2014 AACR.
Dual Targeting of Hypoxia and Homologous Recombination Repair Dysfunction in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Hunter Francis W. , Hsu Huai-Ling , Su Jiechuang , Pullen Susan M. , Wilson William R. , Wang Jingli 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcome and few validated drug targets. Two prevalent features of TNBC, tumor hypoxia and derangement of homologous recombination (HR) repair, are potentially exploitable for therapy. This study investigated whether hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAP) of DNA-damaging cytotoxins may inhibit growth of TNBC by simultaneously addressing these two targets. We measured in vitro activity of HAP of DNA breakers (tirapazamine, SN30000) and alkylators (TH-302, PR-104, SN30548) in TNBC cell lines and isogenic models, and related this to measures of HR repair and expression of prodrug-activating enzymes. Antitumor activity of HAP was examined in isogenic BRCA2-knockout xenograft models and compared with platinum chemotherapy. All five HAP selectively inhibited growth of TNBC cell lines under hypoxia. Sensitivity to HAP was not strongly associated with BRCA1 genotype. However, HAP sensitivity was enhanced by suppression of HR (assessed by radiation-induced RAD51 focus formation) when BRCA1 and PALB2 were knocked down in a common (MDA-MB-231) background. Furthermore, knockout of BRCA2 markedly sensitized DLD-1 cells to the clinical nitrogen mustard prodrugs TH-302 and PR-104 and significantly augmented sterilization of clonogens by these agents in xenografts, both as monotherapy and in combination with radiotherapy, but had less effect on activity of the benzotriazine di-N-oxide SN30000. PR-104 monotherapy was more effective than cisplatin at inhibiting growth of BRCA2-knockout tumors at equitoxic doses. This study demonstrates the potential for HAP of nitrogen mustards to simultaneously exploit hypoxia and HR defects in tumors, with translational implications for TNBC and other HR-deficient malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(11); 2501–14. ©2014 AACR.
IL4 Limits the Efficacy of Tumor-Targeted Antibody Therapy in a Murine Model
Authors: Surana Rishi , Wang Shangzi , Xu Wei , Jablonski Sandra A. , Weiner Louis M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTumor-targeted antibody therapy has had a major impact on reducing morbidity and mortality in a wide range of cancers. Antibodies mediate their antitumor activity in part by activating immune effector cells; however, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with cellular and soluble mediators that actively suppress generation of antitumor immunity. Here, we investigate the potential of prospectively identifying and neutralizing an immunomodulatory soluble mediator within the TME to enhance therapeutic efficacy of the HER2-directed antibody trastuzumab. Using the D5-HER2 cell line and an immunocompetent human HER2 transgenic animal (hmHER2Tg) in which human HER2 is a self-antigen, we determined that IL4 was present in the TME and produced by both tumor and stromal cells. A siRNA-based screening approach identified STAT5A as a novel negative regulator of IL4 production by D5-HER2 tumor cells. Furthermore, IL4 neutralization using the anti-IL4 antibody 11B11 enhanced the efficacy of trastuzumab and modulated the TME. For example, IL4 neutralization resulted in reduced levels of myeloid chemoattractants CCL2, CCL11, and CXCL5 in the TME. Combination therapy with 11B11 and trastuzumab resulted in a reduction of tumor-infiltrating CD11b+CD206+ myeloid cells compared with monotherapy. These data suggest that IL4 neutralization enhances the efficacy of trastuzumab by influencing the phenotype of myeloid cells within the TME and provide further rationale for combining tumor-targeted antibody therapy with agents that neutralize factors in the TME that suppress generation of productive antitumor immune responses. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(11); 1103–12. ©2014 AACR.
Benefit of Left Atrial Roof Linear Ablation in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Arbelo Elena , Guiu Esther , Ramos Pablo , Bisbal Felipe , Borras Roger , Andreu David , Tolosana José María , Berruezo Antonio , Brugada Josep , Mont Lluís 
Published: September 2014

Background

Isolation of the pulmonary veins (
PVs
) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is often supplemented with linear lesions within the left atrium (
LA
). However, there are conflicting data on the effects of creating a roof line (
RL
) joining the superior
PV
s in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (P
AF
).

Methods and Results

A cohort of 120 patients with drug‐refractory P
AF
referred for ablation were prospectively randomized into 2 strategies: (1)
PV
isolation in combination with
RL
ablation (LA roof ablation [
LARA]
‐1: 59 patients) or (2)
PV
isolation (
LARA
‐2: 61 patients). Follow‐up was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure and every 6 months thereafter. After a 3‐month blanking period, recurrence was defined as the ocurrence of any atrial tachyarrhythmia lasting ≥30 seconds.
PV
isolation was achieved in 89% and complete
RL
block in 81%.
RF
duration, fluoroscopy, and procedural times were slightly, but not significantly, longer in the
LARA
‐1 group. After 15±10 months, there was no difference in the arrhythmia‐free survival after a single
AF
ablation procedure (
LARA
‐1: 59% vs.
LARA
‐2: 56% at 12 months; log rank
P
=0.77). The achievement of complete
RL
block did not influence the results. The incidence of
LA
macroreentrant tachycardias was 5.1% in the
LARA
‐1 group (n=3) versus 8.2% in the
LARA
‐2 (n=5) (
P
=ns). Univariate analysis only identified
AF
duration as a covariate associated with arrhythmia recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.01 [95% confidence interval, 1.002 to 1.012];
P
<0.01).

Conclusion

The linear block at the
LA
roof is not associated with an improved clinical outcome compared with
PV
isolation alone.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier:
NCT
01203241.
The Usability of Electronic Personal Health Record Systems for an Underserved Adult Population
Authors: Czaja Sara J. , Zarcadoolas Christina , Vaughon Wendy L. , Lee Chin Chin , Rockoff Maxine L. , Levy Joslyn 
Published: September 2014

Objective: The goals of this study were to identify the demands associated with using electronic personal health records (PHRs) and to evaluate the ability of adults of lower socioeconomic status and low health literacy to use PHRs to perform health management activities. Background: PHRs are proliferating in clinical practices and health care organizations. These systems offer the potential of increasing the active involvement of patients in health self-management. However, little is known about the actual usability of these tools for health consumers. Method: We used task analysis and health literacy load analysis to identify the cognitive and literacy demands inherent in the use of PHRs and evaluated the usability of three currently available PHR systems with a sample of 54 adults. Participants used the systems to perform tasks related to medication management, interpretation of lab/test results, and health maintenance. Data were also gathered on the participants’ perception of the potential value of using a PHR. Results: The results indicated that a majority of the participants had difficulty completing the tasks and needed assistance. There was some variability according to task and PHR system. However, most participants perceived the use of PHRs as valuable. Conclusions: Although considered a valuable tool by consumers, the use of PHR systems may be challenging for many people. Strategies are needed to enhance the usability of these systems, especially for people with low literacy, low health literacy, or limited technology skills. Application: The data from this study have implications for the design of PHRs.
Audit of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections in paediatric patients, 2006–2013
Authors: Mullan Emily , Lucas Carol , Mackie Sarah , Carachi Robert 
Published: September 2014

Background Infection following ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement remains a significant complication with an incidence of 3–27% cited in literature. Infections cause significant morbidity, and it is important that empirical antibiotic therapy for management is guided by accurate knowledge of prevailing aetiologies and local antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Aims To establish the incidence of shunt infections in our paediatric population, to identify the causative micro-organisms, and to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of the responsible micro-organisms. Methods Retrospective data collection utilising existing databases in the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, between 1 January 2006 and 30 September 2013. Results Total number of shunt operations was 308 with 28 episodes of infection involving 27 patients (male = 12, female = 15). The incidence of infection was 9%. In all, 79% of the episodes involved a single pathogen with 21% being mixed pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common cause of infection (44%). Gram-positive sensitivity to flucloxacillin and gentamicin was noticeably low at 22% and 14%, respectively with 87% of coagulase-negative staphylococci resistant to gentamicin and 81% resistant to flucloxacillin. Conclusions The changing spectrum of Gram-positive organisms has impacted on antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and our local prescribing policy has been adapted in order to manage shunt infections most effectively.
Humanitarian Otolaryngology: A Navy Hospital Ship Experience
Authors: Chadwick Jonathan L. , Sridhara Shankar , Goodrich Jennifer , Mitchell Allen O. , Gessler Eric M. 
Published: September 2014

The USNS Comfort (T‐AH‐20) is 1 of 2 United States Navy hospital ships. In 2011, she deployed to 9 countries in Central and South America including Jamaica, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Haiti. Eight surgical specialties including otolaryngology were involved, for a combined total of about 150 cases per country. An advance team coordinated patients with the Host Nation to be seen for presurgical screening. Selected patients were then taken aboard the ship for surgery and recovered in either the ship's intensive care unit or ward. They were then discharged prior to ship embarkment to the next country. A total of 95 otolaryngology cases were performed during 9 mission stops. The mean number of procedures performed was 12 per country, with thyroidectomy being the most common. A wide variety of general otolaryngology procedures were performed without significant complications, markedly impacting the quality of life in these underserved countries.