bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and outcomes of horses presenting with presumed equine immune mediated keratitis to two veterinary hospitals in the United Kingdom and Finland: 94 cases (2009–2021)
Authors: Preston Juliette F. , Mustikka Minna P. , Priestnall Simon L. , Dunkel Bettina , Fischer Maria‐Christine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited literature regarding equine immune mediated keratitis (IMMK) in Europe. North America‐based publications describe minimal blepharospasm, rare corneal ulceration and no uveitis; clinical impression suggests these are seen in Europe.ObjectivesAssess the prevalence of blepharospasm, corneal ulceration and uveitis and their impact on outcome in horses diagnosed with IMMK in Europe (UK and Finland).Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsClinical records of 94 horses with IMMK were evaluated. The UK and Finland populations were comparable; therefore, descriptive statistics were performed on combined data on subtypes of IMMK and clinical features. Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for impact of blepharospasm, ulceration or presence of uveitis on the outcome of enucleation and treatment duration.ResultsIMMK subtype was classified as 10/94 (10.6%) epithelial, 50/94 (53.2%) anterior stromal, 14/94 (14.9%) mid‐stromal, 4/94 (4.25%) endothelial and 16/94 (17.0%) unrecorded. After excluding three horses with incidental corneal ulceration, blepharospasm was documented in 34/91 (37.4%), corneal ulceration in 26/91 (28.6%), and signs of uveitis in 23/91 (25.3%) horses. Increased odds of enucleation were significantly associated with the presence of blepharospasm (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.6–19.4, p = 0.008) and signs of uveitis (OR 8.9, 95% CI 2.6–30.8, p < 0.001), but not corneal ulceration. The presence of blepharospasm, corneal ulceration or uveitis did not significantly alter the odds of ongoing medication.Main limitationsData were collected over a wide timeframe; the diagnosis was mainly made without histopathology; a broad definition of uveitis was used and there was a bias towards complicated cases being retained for follow‐up.ConclusionsThe clinical features of IMMK were similar between two European countries but differed to USA descriptions. Blepharospasm, corneal ulceration and signs of uveitis can occur with IMMK; presence of blepharospasm and uveitis increase the odds of enucleation.
Underwater image enhancement using contrast correction
Authors: Singh Nishant , Bhat Aruna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLight‐induced degeneration of underwater images occurs by physical features of seawater. According to the wavelength of the colour spectrum, light reduces intensity significantly when it moves through water. The greatest wavelength of light that is visible gets absorbed first. Red and blue absorb the most and least, respectively. Because of the reducing consequences of the light spectrum, underwater images having poor contrast can be obtained. As a result, the crucial data contained inside these images will not be effectively retrieved for later analysis. The recent research suggests a novel approach to enhance the contrast while decreasing noise in underwater images. The recommended approach involves image histogram transformation using two significant colour spaces, Red‐Green‐Blue (RGB) and Hue‐Saturation‐Value (HSV). The histogram of the dominant colour channel (blue channel) in the RGB colour model is extended towards the lower level, containing a maximum limitation of 95%, while the inferior red colour channel has been extended towards the upper side, containing a minimum limitation of 5%. During the entire dynamic range, the green colour channel having the dominant and inferior colour channels expands in each direction. The Rayleigh distribution has been utilized for developing various stretching actions within the RGB colour space. The image has been converted to the HSV colour space, having the S and V elements adjusted within 1% of their minimum and maximum values. The suggested approach is examined in both qualitative and quantitative analysis. According to qualitative analysis, the recommended approach substantially boosts image contrast, lowers its blue and green effect, and minimizes over‐enhanced and under‐enhanced sections in the final resultant underwater image. The quantitative examination of 500 large scale underwater images dataset reveals that the suggested technique generates better results. The dataset images are grouped into small fish images, blue coral images, stone wall images, and coral branch images. The quantitative examination of all these four groups have been evaluated and shown. The average mean square error, peak signal to noise ratio, underwater image quality measurement, and underwater colour image quality evaluation values of dataset images are 76.69, 31.25, 3.85, and 0.64, respectively. These values of our proposed work outperform six other previous methods.
Intent detection for task‐oriented conversational agents: A comparative study of recurrent neural networks and transformer models
Authors: Jbene Mourad , Chehri Abdellah , Saadane Rachid , Tigani Smail , Jeon Gwanggil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConversational assistants (CAs) and Task‐oriented ones, in particular, are designed to interact with users in a natural language manner, assisting them in completing specific tasks or providing relevant information. These systems employ advanced natural language understanding (NLU) and dialogue management techniques to comprehend user inputs, infer their intentions, and generate appropriate responses or actions. Over time, the CAs have gradually diversified to today touch various fields such as e‐commerce, healthcare, tourism, fashion, travel, and many other sectors. NLU is fundamental in the natural language processing (NLP) field. Identifying user intents from natural language utterances is a sub‐task of NLU that is crucial for conversational systems. The diversity in user utterances makes intent detection (ID) even a challenging problem. Recently, with the emergence of Deep Neural Networks. New State of the Art (SOA) results have been achieved for different NLP tasks. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and Transformer architectures are two major players in those improvements. RNNs have significantly contributed to sequence modelling across various application areas. Conversely, Transformer models represent a newer architecture leveraging attention mechanisms, extensive training data sets, and computational power. This review paper begins with a detailed exploration of RNN and Transformer models. Subsequently, it conducts a comparative analysis of their performance in intent recognition for Task‐oriented (CAs). Finally, it concludes by addressing the main challenges and outlining future research directions.
DISORIENTING EASTERN EUROPE: JUDITH HERMANN'S AFFECTIVE GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Gordinsky Natasha 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis article presents a geocritical interpretation (based on the methodological approach developed by Robert Tally) of two of Judith Hermann's short stories – ‘Diesseits der Oder’ and ‘Osten’. Written almost twenty years apart, the first of these takes place amidst the Oderbruch, whilst the second comprises Hermann's only literary text about a journey to Ukraine. Drawing on interdisciplinary spatial research, I offer a close reading of both stories as they stage, in different ways, an affective experience of East European space. Moreover, I argue that through her critical investigation of the ‘East’ as an imagined and real space, Hermann emerges as a geocritic herself. Drawing on Sara Ahmed's queer phenomenology and Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht's notion of latency in post‐war culture, I contend that ‘Diesseits der Oder’ and ‘Osten’ are constituted as poetic texts that foreground disorientation through the mode of latency as a crucial phenomenological device. Once brought together into their historical and geopolitical contexts and explored through the aesthetic prism of representation of the ‘East’, Hermann's short stories are seen to advance a radical critique of perceptions of Eastern Europe in the German post‐war literary and geographic imagination.
Identification of cytomegalovirus in vitreous using the polymerase chain reaction*
Authors: Stewart James FG , Croxson Margaret C , Powell Kevin F , Polkinghorne Philip J 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA presumptive clinical diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis was made in two patients presenting with atypical ophthalmologic findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by finding specific CMV DNA sequences in sampled vitreous fluid using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay. Neither of these patients yielded CMV on culture or PCR of peripheral blood leucocytes, nor was CMV present in tears or urine of either patient. Serum antibody titres were stable and did not help in establishing the diagnosis. This report suggests that CMV retinitis can occur in the absence of disseminated CMV disease.
Retinopathy after low‐dose retinal irradiation
Authors: Quinn Anthony G , Clemett Richard S 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 28‐year‐old man, after subtotal resection of a Grade l‐ll frontal lobe astrocytoma, received 5600 cGy of radiotherapy in 200 cGy fractions to residual intracranial tumour. One year later he presented with severe bilateral retinopathy which, in appearance was consistent with retinopathy from irradiation. Total irradiation received by the retina of each eye (< 50 to 1500 cGy) was far less than the dose which commonly produces radiation retinopathy. Also, the pattern of retinopathy did not reflect the distribution of radiation received by the eye. Alternative causes for the retinopathy were sought but not found. Proliferative retinopathy occurred in each eye and one eye developed a dense vitreous haemorrhage. Argon laser pan‐retinal photocoagulation controlled the neovascularisation in the other eye. This patient has developed severe retinal ischaemia after a low dose of retinal irradiation.
Severe epistaxis — an unusual complication of lacrimal probing
Authors: McCurrach Fiona , Elder James E 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSevere epistaxis after combined nasolacrmal duct probing and cardiac catheterisation in a one‐year‐old child is reported. The epistaxis followed streptokinase infusion given as treatment for femoral artery thrombosis secondary to cardiac catheterisation and necessitated nasal packing and blood transfusion. The authors recommend that probing not be undertaken in conjunction with another procedure if anticoagulant and/or thrombolytic agents are likely to be required.
Daily low‐dose aspirin and blood pressure in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Ernst Michael E. , Phan Kevin , Nelson Mark R. , Woods Robyn L. , Fravel Michelle A. , Beilin Lawrence , Orchard Suzanne G. , Zhou Zhen , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Broder Jonathan C. , Margolis Karen L. , Reid Christopher M. , Stocks Nigel , Chowdhury Enayet , Wolfe Rory 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐quality randomized trial evidence is lacking on whether low‐dose aspirin exerts significant effects on blood pressure (BP) in older adults. The authors assessed longitudinal BP changes in participants enrolled in ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE), a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of 100 mg daily aspirin in 19 114 community‐dwelling Australian and U.S. adults without cardiovascular disease (CVD), dementia, or independence‐limiting physical disability. Participants’ BP was recorded at baseline and annual study visits, and managed by their usual care provider. BP trajectories for aspirin versus placebo during 4.7 years of follow‐up were examined for systolic and diastolic BP separately, using linear mixed models to account for between and within‐individual variability in BP. Analyses by subgroups were also explored with inclusion of interaction terms in the models. The difference in mean change in systolic BP between aspirin and placebo during study follow‐up was −0.03 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.13, 0.07; p = .541) (aspirin minus placebo), while the mean difference for change in diastolic BP was −0.05 mm Hg (95% CI: –0.11, 0.01; p = .094). These small, non‐significant differences in BP change between the aspirin and placebo groups were consistent across baseline levels of BP and antihypertensive treatment status (treated/untreated). Likewise, subgroups of age, sex, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and frailty revealed no interaction effect between the subgroup, aspirin treatment, and time. Interval‐censored Cox proportional hazards regression showed no difference in rates of incident treated hypertension between aspirin and placebo‐treated participants. The authors conclude that daily low‐dose aspirin does not significantly affect BP in older adults when managed by usual care.
A bibliometric analysis of coronary heart disease impacted by work stress elements and lifestyle disease
Authors: Venkataraman Chandhini , Rethinam Sudha Mekhala 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeOne psychosocial risk factor that has drawn attention is work‐related stress, although it is still unclear how exactly this risk factor relates to poor health. Prospective observational studies have found a 40%–50% raise in the incidence of coronary heart disease in those who experience chronic stress at work and in their personal lives.Theoretical FrameworkIn the recent decade, there has been a rise in the requirement for firms to gather information on job stress on employees that leads to coronary heart disease. As a result, this study on trends in Coronary Heart Disease induced by Work Stress becomes necessary to examine all of these efforts.Design/MethodologyThis research employs bibliometric analysis and charting to describe the growth and structure of the research field of work‐related stress causing coronary heart disease. The field's conceptual framework and research boundaries, the connections between publications and the contributors, key phrases, the latest networks of collaboration, the most prevalent concepts, and the most cited authors are all revealed by our findings.FindingsResearch found that this field has seen a significant increase in research on coronary heart disease in recent years. Because it has been demonstrated that there is a rise in deaths from cardiovascular disease, researchers, academics, and professionals should be made aware of how stress can lead to coronary heart disease.Originality/ValueThe study suggests that workplace health should be a priority for both developed and developing nations, and it must be disseminated in several languages.
Anchorene, a carotenoid‐derived growth regulator, modulates auxin homeostasis by suppressing GH3‐mediated auxin conjugation
Authors: Ke Danping , Xie Yinpeng , Li Haipeng , Hu Liqun , He Yi , Guo Chao , Zhai Yahui , Guo Jinggong , Li Kun , Chu Zongyan , Zhang Junli , Zhang Xuebin , Al‐Babili Salim , Jiang Kai , Miao Yuchen , Jia Kun‐Peng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAnchorene, identified as an endogenous bioactive carotenoid‐derived dialdehyde and diapocarotenoid, affects root development by modulating auxin homeostasis. However, the precise interaction between anchorene and auxin, as well as the mechanisms by which anchorene modulates auxin levels, remain largely elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of anchorene's bioactivities alongside auxin and observed that anchorene induces multifaceted auxin‐like effects. Through genetic and pharmacological examinations, we revealed that anchorene's auxin‐like activities depend on the indole‐3‐pyruvate‐dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway, as well as the auxin inactivation pathway mediated by Group II Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) proteins that mainly facilitate the conjugation of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids, leading to the formation of inactivated storage forms. Our measurements indicated that anchorene treatment elevates IAA levels while reducing the quantities of inactivated IAA–amino acid conjugates and oxIAA. RNA sequencing further revealed that anchorene triggers the expression of numerous auxin‐responsive genes in a manner reliant on Group II GH3s. Additionally, our in vitro enzymatic assays and biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay demonstrated anchorene's robust suppression of GH3.17‐mediated IAA conjugation with glutamate. Collectively, our findings highlight the significant role of carotenoid‐derived metabolite anchorene in modulating auxin homeostasis, primarily through the repression of GH3‐mediated IAA conjugation and inactivation pathways, offering novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of plant bioactive apocarotenoids.
Forward Guidance under Imperfect Information
Authors: JIA CHENGCHENG 
Published: August 2024

AbstractI study the effect of forward guidance in a flexible‐price economy in which both the private sector and the central bank are subject to imperfect information about the aggregate state of the economy. When forward guidance is provided, the central bank reveals its current imperfect information and commits to a policy rule that makes future policy conditional on perfect information that is only available in the future. The information provided by forward guidance makes individual prices more responsive to firm‐specific technology shocks, which increases production efficiency at the cost of higher cross‐sectional price variation. The net effect improves social welfare.
Obstetric outcomes of transabdominal cerclage: A retrospective observational study in Japan
Authors: Kasuga Yoshifumi , Tanigaki Shinji , Seo Kohei , Harada Ayumi , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Ishioka Shinichi , Tanaka Mamoru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the obstetric outcomes of transabdominal cerclage (TAC) in Japan.MethodsQuestionnaires on TAC were sent to 183 institutions performing high‐quality perinatal management in Japan. As a first‐step questionnaire, we asked whether TAC was performed between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2022. In the second step of the questionnaire, the characteristics of all cases were asked from all institutions in which TAC was performed.ResultsThe response rate for the first survey was 59% (108/183). Of the 108 institutions, 27 performed TAC (25%) in 133 pregnancies. Of these 27 institutions, 19 responded to the second survey. One hundred twenty‐five pregnancies were included in this study, five of which were aborted (gestational weeks <22 weeks), and 69 babies were born after 37 gestational weeks (55%). Eighty‐two open abdominal cerclages were performed at 17 institutions and 43 laparoscopic TACs at three institutions. There were no differences in the age at TAC, gestational weeks at TAC, operative time of TAC, gestational weeks at delivery, incidence rate of second‐trimester loss, or preterm delivery (before 37 gestational weeks) rate between the two groups. However, blood loss during open TAC was greater than that during laparoscopic TAC.ConclusionTAC is a rare surgery for cervical insufficiency in Japan. TAC may be a safe and useful method for preventing second‐trimester loss and preterm delivery in high‐risk patients. TAC may also be a key option in Japan to improve perinatal outcomes in patients with cervical insufficiency.
Bond strength and interfacial analysis of six CoCr alloys made by conventional casting and selective laser melting
Authors: Al Jabbari Youssef S. , Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Sufyan Aref , Zinelis Spiros 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of the elemental composition and the manufacturing process of cobalt chromium–molybdenum (CoCr–Mo), cobalt chromium–tungsten (CoCr–W), and CoCr–Mo‐W alloys on metal–ceramic bond strength.Materials and MethodsSix CoCr‐based alloys were included in this study, a were classified into three different groups depending on their elemental composition (Ν = 10, for each group). The first group had molybdenum (Mo) as the third alloying element, the second group contained tungsten (W) (without Mo), and the third group included both alloying elements. The groups were further divided by the manufacturing process (casting or selective laser melting, SLM). Interfacial analysis was carried out using backscattered electron imaging (BEI) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) operating in line scan mode. The metal‐ceramic bond strength was tested by a 3‐point bending test according to the ISO 9693 requirements. The fracture mode of all specimens was examined under a stereomicroscope. The bond strength results were statistically analyzed by 2‐way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison post hoc test (a = 0.05).ResultsA continuous interface with the porcelain was found without pores, debonding areas, or other defects. Of the major elements found at the interface, Co showed the highest diffusion rate, while titanium (Ti) had the lowest diffusion rate. No statistically significant differences were identified in metal‐ceramic bond strength either among materials or between manufacturing processes. The fracture mode was found to be cohesive for all specimens.ConclusionsThe metal‐ceramic bond strength is independent of the current CoCr alloy type and manufacturing process when comparing conventional casting and SLM. Interfacial analysis revealed no differences between the tested groups.
Long‐term evaluation of the initial response to therapy in 60 dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Hodel Susan , Brugger Daniel , Kook Peter Hendrik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) are typically classified into food‐responsive enteropathy (FRE), antibiotic‐responsive enteropathy (ARE), immunomodulator‐responsive enteropathy (IRE), and nonresponsive enteropathy (NRE) based on response to therapy(ies). Reassessment of initial categorization (especially IRE and NRE) is lacking.ObjectivesInvestigate validity of categorization scheme when reassessed at least 1 year after diagnosis.AnimalsSixty client‐owned dogs with CIE.MethodsRetrospective study. Clinical information was gathered from records and owners from time of diagnosis (TD), time of initial response (TIR), and at least 1 year after diagnosis (T≥1y). Category change was defined as a switch between groups.ResultsMedian disease activity index (CIBDAI) at TD was 9 and reduced significantly to 1 at T≥1y (P < .0001). At TIR, dogs were categorized as: FRE 27/60 (45%, 95% binomial confidence intervals [CI], 0.32‐0.58), IRE 30/60 (50%, CI 0.37‐0.63), ARE 0/60 (0%), NRE 3/60 (5%, CI −0.01 to 0.11). Seventeen of 27 (63%) FRE dogs had previously had at least 1 unsuccessful diet trial. At T≥1y, categorization changed to FRE 44/60 (73%, CI 0.62‐0.85), IRE 14/60 (23%, CI 0.13‐0.34), ARE 0/60 (0%), NRE 2/60 (3%, CI −0.01 to 0.08). Group changes were found for 24/60 (40%) dogs, largest change was from IRE to FRE (19/24, 79%). Immunosuppressive dosages were administered as sole treatment in 1/30 (3%) IRE dogs at TIR.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceChronic inflammatory enteropathy categorization based on initial response to therapy needs reassessment after 1 year. Frequent change from IRE to FRE suggests that dogs initially categorized as IRE might have been initially categorized as FRE if multiple dietary trials had been performed. In our study, antibiotics were not needed to achieve satisfying clinical responses.