bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective Regulation and Working Women in New Zealand and Fiji
Authors: Parker Jane , Arrowsmith James 
Published: May 2014

In many nations, women’s labour market presence is significant though it tends to lag that of men on most indices, including pay and seniority. The ramifications of such are huge for women’s experience of employment, their circumstances in other spheres, and thus societal progress. Employment relations (ER) regulation seeks to structure equitable access to and progress within the labour market. However, despite on-going, work-related gender inequities, there is a relative dearth of cross-national (particularly South Pacific), gender-focused analyses. This constrains the development of theory and policy geared towards gender equality in the labour market.
This paper thus compares how recent collective ER regulatory initiatives have been applied in New Zealand (NZ) and Fiji, amid shared and unique national and international conditions. Martin and Bamber’s (2004, 2005) ER system model frames an analysis of qualitative survey responses and documentary evidence to more particularly assess the meaning of ER regulation for working women. It emerges that the achievement of gender equality via regulatory instruments has proven elusive, particularly in Fiji. A withering of formal employment regulation and its decentralisation in NZ; weakly implemented regulation in Fiji’s politically tumultuous setting; and the space left by a shift away from collective bargaining in both contexts has not been replaced by social dialogue, fundamental social rights, and in Fiji, regulatory enforcement. This has contributed to deteriorating circumstances for some working women in NZ and comparatively more in Fiji. However, informants showed a preference for certain regulatory measures for improving working women’s situation, concurring that stronger formal regulation of ER, tripartism and effective enforcement are needed in both nations, and that particular issues for working women require tailored responses.
The paper discusses how ER regulatory measures might be theorised in terms of improving working women’s context-bound circumstances in Fiji and NZ, and with regard to the infusion of gender-related and socio-cultural values in wider economic and political approaches. It also examines how regulatory initiatives might operate and impact in a more gender-sensitive way by being re-couched in ‘win-win’, inter-connected terms for different ER stakeholders. For Fiji, much hope also rests on its return to democratic rule, and for both countries, on strengthened union activity.
Engineering von Thiopeptiden: ein multidisziplinärer Weg zu neuen Wirkstoffen
Authors: Just‐Baringo Xavier , Albericio Fernando , Álvarez Mercedes 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDurch jüngste Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Thiopeptid‐Antibiotika‐Analoga konnten einige der Limitierungen dieser natürlich vorkommenden Substanzen überwunden werden. Chemische Synthesen, semisynthetische Derivatisierungen und die Umgestaltung von Biosynthesewegen haben unabhängig voneinander zu sich ergänzenden Modifikationen verschiedener Thiopeptide geführt. Einige der so gewonnenen neuen Substanzen zeigen verbesserte Wirkprofile, und das nicht nur als Antibiotika, sondern auch als Antimalaria‐ und Antikrebswirkstoffe. Der planerische Entwurf neuartiger Moleküle auf der Grundlage von Thiopeptidgerüsten stellt sich als die einzige Strategie für die volle Nutzung des großen Potenzials, das sie in vitro zeigen, dar. Hier stellen wir die wichtigsten Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiet der Herstellung von Thiopeptidanaloga vor und diskutieren, wie die unterschiedlichen Ansätze sich zu einer multidisziplinären Strategie zusammenführen lassen.
Low temperature one‐step synthesis of poly(barbituric acid) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for removal of heavy metal ions
Authors: Lan Shi , Li Ruiqing , Leng Zhihua , Guo Na , Gan Shucai 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(barbituric acid) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with excellent adsorption behavior were facilely synthesized through one‐step chemical oxidation polymerization method by using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. Structure, morphology, and magnetism of the products were thoroughly investigated by means of FTIR, FESEM, EDX, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, thermogravimetric analyzer–differential scanning calorimetry, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The products were of a sphere‐shaped nanostructure with the saturation magnetization value of 7.5 emu g−1, which make them reusable for adsorption application. Removal capability for heavy metal ions were systematically evaluated using Pd (II) and Cu (II) ions as the models. The maximum sorption capacities by applying the Langmuir equation were calculated to be 166.6 mg/g for Cu (II) and 142.8 mg/g for Pb (II). A recycle test revealed that the PBA‐MNPs have above 87.1% for Cu (II) and 82.69% for Pb (II) ion desorption efficiency after the three regeneration cycle process. All the above experimental results demonstrated that barbituric acid‐based material could be used as a possible adsorbent for the efficient removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40957.
Nuclear‐Spin‐Induced Cotton–Mouton Effect in a Strong External Magnetic Field
Authors: Fu Li‐juan , Vaara Juha 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNovel, high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution spectroscopic methods can provide site‐specific nuclear information by exploiting nuclear magneto‐optic properties. We present a first‐principles electronic structure formulation of the recently proposed nuclear‐spin‐induced Cotton–Mouton effect in a strong external magnetic field (NSCM‐B). In NSCM‐B, ellipticity is induced in a linearly polarized light beam, which can be attributed to both the dependence of the symmetric dynamic polarizability on the external magnetic field and the nuclear magnetic moment, as well as the temperature‐dependent partial alignment of the molecules due to the magnetic fields. Quantum‐chemical calculations of NSCM‐B were conducted for a series of molecular liquids. The overall order of magnitude of the induced ellipticities is predicted to be 10−11–10−6 rad T−1 M−1 cm−1 for fully spin‐polarized nuclei. In particular, liquid‐state heavy‐atom systems should be promising for experiments in the Voigt setup.
Attachment and eating disorders: A review of current research
Authors: Tasca Giorgio A. , Balfour Louise 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveAttachment insecurity may confer risk for developing an eating disorder. We describe domains of attachment functioning that are relevant to eating disorders including: affect regulation, interpersonal style, coherence of mind, and reflective functioning. Research since 2000 on attachment and eating disorders related to these domains is reviewed.MethodWe searched MedLine/Pubmed and PsycINFO from January 2000 to February 2014 and kept articles that: were empirical, included adults with a diagnosed eating disorder, and used a standard attachment measure. We retained 50 relevant studies.ResultsCompared to controls, those with eating disorders had higher levels of attachment insecurity and disorganized mental states. Lower reflective functioning was specifically associated with anorexia nervosa. Attachment anxiety was associated with eating disorder symptom severity, and this relationship may be mediated by perfectionism and affect regulation strategies. Type of attachment insecurity had specific negative impacts on psychotherapy processes and outcomes, such that higher attachment avoidance may lead to dropping out and higher attachment anxiety may lead to poorer treatment outcomes.DiscussionResearch to date suggests a possible relationship between attachment insecurity and risk for an eating disorder. More research is needed that uses attachment interviews, and longitudinal and case control designs. Clinicians can assess attachment insecurity to help inform therapeutic stances and interventions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:710–717)
The Effect of the Relief Wave on the Uniformity of an Air Blast Load
Authors: Shoja Abolfazl , Adabi Mohamad Ali , Ahmadnia Masoud , Zamani Jamal 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn most blast loading structure analyses, it is assumed that the load acts uniformly on a target area. For the rationable design, it is useful to have a quantitative criterion to determine at which maximum distance the standoff can be placed to assume a uniform pressure distribution. Surprisingly, no standard criterion was found in the literature and the effect of blast wave clearing was not considered as well. In this paper, pressure histories applied on structures are calculated considering the non‐uniform loading characteristic as well as pressure relief from the edges. Additionally, the effects of various parameters on uniformity of impulse distribution are investigated. The results have shown that the effect of pressure relief on impulse uniformity is very important, especially when the blast wave is attenuated. This phenomenon leads an optimum distance at which impulse distribution is the most uniform.
Guanidinated protein internal standard for immunoaffinity‐liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantitation of protein therapeutics
Authors: Yang Wenchu , Kernstock Robert , Simmons Neal , Alak Ala 
Published: May 2014

RATIONALEA protein internal standard (IS) is essential and superior to a peptide IS to achieve reproducible results in the quantitation of protein therapeutics using immunoaffinity‐liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Guanidination has been used as a protein post‐modification technique for more than half a century. A decade ago, the modification was applied to lysine‐ending peptides to enhance their MALDI responses and peptide sequencing coverage. However, rarely has tryptic digestion of guanidinated proteins been investigated, likely due to the early conclusion that trypsin did not hydrolyze peptide bonds involving homoarginine in guanidinated proteins. In this study, the opposite was observed. Guanidinated lysine residues of proteins did not hinder the access of trypsin allowing for proteolytic digestion. Based on this observation, a new concept of internal standard, named Guanidinated Protein Internal Standard (GP‐IS), was proposed for LC/MS/MS quantitation of protein therapeutics.METHODSThe GP‐IS is prepared by treating a portion of the therapeutic protein (analyte) with guanidine to convert arginine residues in the protein into homoarginine residues. After tryptic digestion, the GP‐IS produces a series of homoarginine‐ending peptides plus another series of arginine‐ending peptides. One of the homoarginine‐ending peptides, which corresponds to the analyte surrogate (lysine‐ending) peptide, was chosen as a peptide internal standard (GP‐PIS) for LC/MS/MS quantitation.RESULTSUsing this GP‐IS approach, a sensitive and robust immunoaffinity‐LC/MS/MS assay was developed and fully validated with a linearity range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL using 200 μL of human serum for the quantitation of an Astellas protein drug in clinical development.CONCLUSIONSThe proposed strategy allows LC/MS/MS to play an ever‐increasing role in bioanalytical support for protein therapeutics development because of its capability of completely tracking all variations from the beginning to the end of sample analysis, easier preparation compared to isotope‐labeled protein‐IS, and greater flexibility for changing to alternate analyte surrogate peptides. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic Base Stock Based on Guerbet Alcohols
Authors: Waykole Chetan , Bhowmick DiptiNarayan , Pratap Amit 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGuerbet (β branched) alcohols of varying chain length of even carbon numbers were synthesized by using single linear fatty alcohols ranging from 1‐octanol to 1‐dodecanol. All Guerbet alcohols having fewer than 28 carbon atoms and are liquid at 0 °C due to β branching. Synthetic base oils were prepared by reacting commonly available unsaturated fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids with Guerbet alcohols using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. These base oils were characterized by physical and tribological properties like viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, flash point, wear scar, weld load, coefficient of friction etc. and compared with commercially available 150 and 500 N base oils.
Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Nishii Nobuhiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPatients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have been followed with periodic clinic visits. The number of patients with CIEDs has been increasing and CIEDs have become more complex. The workload of both medical staff and patients for CIED follow‐up has also been increasing. Remote monitoring (RM) technology has undergone many developments, and RM has been used since 2008 in Japan. The benefits of RM are evident, but there are also problems with the technology. Different systems and various skills are required for RM management compared to conventional follow‐up methods.
Traditional foods, corporate controls: networks of household access to key marine species in southern Bering Sea villages
Authors: Reedy Katherine , Maschner Herbert 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSouthern Bering Sea fishermen are vulnerable to losing access to key fisheries due largely to policy changes, permit loss, and the expense of fishing operations. Local residents generally do not have fishing rights in many of the high value commercial fisheries. They must continuously shape policy and explore alternative economies in order to stay fishermen. We were contracted by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to study the role of subsistence and commercial fisheries, land use, socioeconomics, and sharing networks in Alutiiq and Aleut/Unangan villages. Through an exploration of these data using innovative social network analysis that presents relationships, social stratification, commercialisation, and other dependencies in the maintenance of fisheries, sharing, trading, and revenue streams, this paper shows that in two of the most socioeconomically valuable fisheries, king crab (Paralithodes sp.andLithodes sp) and cod (Gadidae), local peoples have had to gain access to these foods by using means outside of what are academically perceived as their traditional subsistence and commercial allocation, resulting in adaptive networks of distribution. This work shows the range of networks surrounding these key foods and their associated vulnerabilities and resilience. Those sharing networks that demonstrate greater interconnectedness are much more stable and resilient.
Learning motivation and adaptive video caption filtering for EFL learners using handheld devices
Authors: Hsu Ching-Kun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide adaptive assistance to improve the listening comprehension of eleventh grade students. This study developed a video-based language learning system for handheld devices, using three levels of caption filtering adapted to student needs. Elementary level captioning excluded 220 English sight words (see Section 1 for definition), but provided captions and Chinese translations for the remaining words. Intermediate level excluded 1000 high frequency English words, but provided captions for the remaining words, and 2200 high frequency English words were excluded at the high intermediate caption filtering level. The result was that the viewers were provided with captions for words that were likely to be unfamiliar to them. Participants in the experimental group were assigned bilingual caption modes according to their pre-test results, while those in the control group were assigned standard caption modes. Our results indicate that students in the experimental group preferred adaptive captions, enjoyed the exercises more, and gained greater intrinsic motivation compared to those in the control group. The results confirm that different students require different quantities of information to balance listening comprehension and indicate that the proposed adaptive caption filtering approach may be an effective way to improve the skills required for listening proficiency.
Mobile elements drive recombination hotspots in the core genome of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Everitt Richard G. , Didelot Xavier , Batty Elizabeth M. , Miller Ruth R , Knox Kyle , Young Bernadette C. , Bowden Rory , Auton Adam , Votintseva Antonina , Larner-Svensson Hanna , Charlesworth Jane , Golubchik Tanya , Ip Camilla L. C. , Godwin Heather , Fung Rowena , Peto Tim E. A. , Walker A. Sarah , Crook Derrick W. , Wilson Daniel J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer is an important driver of bacterial evolution, but genetic exchange in the core genome of clonal species, including the major pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, is incompletely understood. Here we reveal widespread homologous recombination in S. aureus at the species level, in contrast to its near-complete absence between closely related strains. We discover a patchwork of hotspots and coldspots at fine scales falling against a backdrop of broad-scale trends in rate variation. Over megabases, homoplasy rates fluctuate 1.9-fold, peaking towards the origin-of-replication. Over kilobases, we find core recombination hotspots of up to 2.5-fold enrichment situated near fault lines in the genome associated with mobile elements. The strongest hotspots include regions flanking conjugative transposon ICE6013, the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) and genomic island νSaα. Mobile element-driven core genome transfer represents an opportunity for adaptation and challenges our understanding of the recombination landscape in predominantly clonal pathogens, with important implications for genotype–phenotype mapping.
Birth and death of links control disease spreading in empirical contact networks
Authors: Holme Petter , Liljeros Fredrik 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe investigate what structural aspects of a collection of twelve empirical temporal networks of human contacts are important to disease spreading. We scan the entire parameter spaces of the two canonical models of infectious disease epidemiology—the Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) and Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) models. The results from these simulations are compared to reference data where we eliminate structures in the interevent intervals, the time to the first contact in the data, or the time from the last contact to the end of the sampling. The picture we find is that the birth and death of links and the total number of contacts over a link, are essential to predict outbreaks. On the other hand, the exact times of contacts between the beginning and end, or the interevent interval distribution, do not matter much. In other words, a simplified picture of these empirical data sets that suffices for epidemiological purposes is that links are born, is active with some intensity and die.
Improved reliability properties of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 ferroelectric capacitors by thin aluminium‐doped zinc oxide buffer layer
Authors: Takada Y. , Tsuji T. , Okamoto N. , Saito T. , Kondo K. , Yoshimura T. , Fujimura N. , Higuchi K. , Kitajima A. 
Published: May 2014

Chemical solution deposition (CSD)‐derived ferroelectric PbLaZrTiOx (PLZT) capacitors with an aluminium‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) top electrode is fabricated. The effects of a thin conductive AZO buffer layer between the Pt bottom electrode and PLZT were investigated. The hydrogen degradation resistance of PLZT capacitors with a 10 and a 20 nm AZO buffer layer was improved up to 91 and 81%, respectively, of an initial polarisation value even after 45 min annealing in a 3% hydrogen atmosphere, from 42% of that without a buffer layer. The fatigue endurance (at 200 kV/cm (10 V) at 100 μs pulse width at 1 ms intervals) of the PLZT capacitor with a 10 nm AZO buffer layer was also improved after 107 cycles.
Probabilistic shape‐based segmentation method using level sets
Authors: Aslan Melih S. , Shalaby Ahmed , Abdelmunim Hossam , Farag Aly A. 
Published: May 2014

In this study, a novel probabilistic, geometric and dynamic shape‐based level sets method is proposed. The shape prior is coupled with the intensity information to enhance the segmentation results. The two‐dimensional principal component analysis method is applied on the training shapes to represent the shape variation with enough number of shape projections in the training step. The shape model is constructed using the implicit representation of the projected shapes. A new energy functional is proposed (i) to embed the shape model into the image domain and (ii) to estimate the shape coefficients. The proposed method is validated on synthetic and clinical images with various challenges such as the noise, occlusion and missing information. The authors compare their method with some of related works. Experiments show that the proposed segmentation method is more accurate and robust than other alternatives under different challenges.∗ Note: Colour figures are available in the online version of this paper.
Preparation and characterization of quaternary magnetic Fe80-xCoxP14B6 bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Ling Haibo , Li Qiang , Li Hongxiang , Zhang Jijun , Dong Yaqiang , Chang Chuntao , Seonghoon Yi 
Published: May 2014

A new series of quaternary magnetic Fe80-xCoxP14B6 (x = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 at. %) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has been prepared by combining fluxing treatment and J-quenching technique, and the maximum critical diameter for fully glass formation reaches up to 2.0 mm for x = 40 among this series of FeCo-based BMGs. The effects of Co content on glass-forming ability, thermal stability, mechanical and magnetic properties of the present FeCo-based BMGs have been systematically investigated. It is found that the highest thermal stability, namely the highest glass transition temperature (Tg) and the onset crystallization temperature (Tx), is achieved when the ratio of Fe and Co contents is 1:1 in the present FeCo-based BMGs. It should be noted that the maximum Curie temperature reaches 791 K when x = 40, which is the highest Curie temperature for (Fe, Co, Ni)-based BMGs so far as is known. Moreover, the present FeCo-based BMGs exhibit very good soft magnetic properties and large room plasticity, which are promising for potential industrial application as high performance functional and structural materials.
Maria Edgeworth's Infant Economics: Capitalist Culture, Good‐Will Networks and ‘Lazy Lawrence’
Authors: WEISS DEBORAH 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article argues that in ‘Lazy Lawrence’, the lead story in The Parent's Assistant (1796; 1800), Maria Edgeworth used juvenile fiction to present an alternative to what she saw as the harmful values of Britain's flourishing late eighteenth‐century capitalist economy. Edgeworth's innovative, realistic story about two children, one hard‐working and one lazy, teaches young readers to value good economic character and communal well‐being above individual self‐ interest. The article seeks to reveal the sophistication of economic thought in Edgeworth's juvenile fiction and to demonstrate that women authors of children's literature contributed to the debate over capitalism in early nineteenth‐century Britain.