bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping commercial practices of the pesticide industry to shape science and policymaking: a scoping review
Authors: Schölin Lisa , Petticrew Mark , Collin Jeff , Knipe Duleeka , Barry Rachel , Eddleston Michael , Gunnell David , Pearson Melissa , van Schalkwyk May C I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence for how health harming industries (HHIs) engage in similar practices to influence science and policymaking. However, limited attention has been paid to the pesticide industry within the commercial determinants of health (CDOH) field. We conducted a scoping review to map practices adopted by the pesticide industry to influence science and policymaking and to assess the breadth and focus of the associated literature. We included 31 documents and categorized the extracted data using a typology of commercial practices. The documents described how major pesticide companies, and their trade bodies, have acted to influence science and maintain favourable regulatory environments while undermining the credibility of researchers and agencies that publish findings threatening to their commercial interests. A large proportion of the literature consists of historical analyses, narrative reviews, commentaries/perspective pieces, and investigative reports published in the grey literature, predominantly informed by analysis of internal industry documents and freedom of information requests. Most studies focus on high-income settings. There were a limited number of primary peer-reviewed empirical studies that explicitly aimed to study the practices of the pesticide industry from a CDOH perspective. However, our findings show that major pesticide companies adopt political and scientific practices highly similar to other HHIs. The review shows a critical need for research on the pesticide industry’s current practices in low- and middle-income countries where the negative impacts of its activities on health and the environment are likely to be more marked.
The bacterial quality and safety of cold smoked salmon during production and subsequent chilled storage
Authors: Maughan Léon , Whyte Paul , Bolton Declan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the bacteriology of cold smoked salmon (CSS), specifically changes in the bacterial quality (total viable count (TVC) and total Enterobacteriaceae count (TEC)), the concentration of spoilage bacteria (lactic acid bacteria (LAB), hydrogen sulphide producing bacteria (HSPB) and Pseudomonas spp.) and Listeria monocytogenes during salting, washing, smoking, maturation, packaging and chilled storage.

Methods and results
In-plant and laboratory based studies were undertaken. The salt concentration, pH and aw of the commercial product were 3.8% (w/w), 5.9 and 0.95, respectively while those of the laboratory prepared CSS were 1.1%, 6.2 and 0.94. Although the CSS preparation process enhanced microbial quality, as determined by significant (p &lt; 0.05) reductions in indicator and spoilage bacterial counts, L. monocytogenes was unaffected and all bacteria showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) growth during chilled storage of the final product.

Conclusions
The microbial quality and safety of CSS is reliant on using uncontaminated fillets, good hygiene practices and ensuring that the shelf-life does not afford L. monocytogenes sufficient time to exceed the 100 cfu g−1 maximum allowed in current EU legislation (EC 2073/2005).
Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a microencapsulated blend of botanicals on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli
Authors: Garavito-Duarte Yesid , Bonetti Andrea , Tugnoli Benedetta , Choi Hyunjun , Piva Andrea , Grilli Ester , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of a microencapsulated blend of botanicals (MBB) on the intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ E. coli. Sixty-four nursery pigs (6.8 ± 0.3 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, with initial body weight and sex as blocks, and fed for 28 d in 3 phases. Treatments were a basal diet fed to pigs without F18+ E. coli challenge (NC) and 3 levels of MBB (0.0, 0.1, and 0.2%) in pigs challenged with F18+ E. coli. On d 7 of the study, pigs in challenged group were orally inoculated with F18+ E. coli (1.5 × 1010 CFU). On d 7 and 21 post-challenge, pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal tissues and mucosa. Compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance (RA) of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) Streptococcus parasuis at d 7 and 21 post-challenge, respectively. Increasing levels of MBB decreased (linear: P &lt; 0.05) RA of Staphylococcus saprophyticus on d 7 post-challenge. Compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB increased (P &lt; 0.05) jejunal NOD2 and IL-6 expression and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ZO-1 on d 7 post-challenge. Compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB decreased (P &lt; 0.05) jejunal IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and increased (P &lt; 0.05) IgG on d 21 post-challenge. Increasing levels of MBB increased OCLN (linear: P &lt; 0.05) and ZO-1 (linear and quadratic: P &lt; 0.05) on d 7 post-challenge and decreased TLR4 (linear and quadratic: P &lt; 0.05). Compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB decreased (P &lt; 0.05) Ki-67+ on d 7 post-challenge. Increasing levels of MBB increased (linear: P &lt; 0.05) Ki-67+ on d 7 post-challenge and VH:CD on d 21 post-challenge. In overall period, compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB decreased (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain. Increasing daily MBB intake linearly increased OCLN on d 7 and VH:CD on d 21, and reduced TLR4 and IL-8 on d 21 post-challenge, but exhibiting quadratic effects (P &lt; 0.05) on ZO-1 (optimal at 0.12% of MBB), IgG (optimal at 0.14% of MBB), and G:F during d 7 to 20 and d 7 to 28 (optimal at 0.22% and 0.10% of MBB, respectively). In conclusion, F18+ E. coli challenge negatively modulated the jejunal mucosal microbiota and reduced intestinal morphology and growth of nursery pigs. Supplementation of MBB at 0.10 to 0.14% provided optimal mitigation of the impacts of F18+ E. coli challenge on humoral immunity, intestinal integrity, jejunal morphology, and feed efficiency of pigs.
Development of a dried blood spot screening test using gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry: application in authentic postmortem samples
Authors: Dubois-Chabert D , Flament E , Hoizey G , Chatenay C , Fanton L , Bottinelli C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective: To develop a toxicological screening analysis using gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) on postmortem dried blood spots (DBSs), and apply it to authentic cases.
Method: Twenty-five µL of blood was deposited and dried on a paper card. Compounds of interest were desorbed, extracted and acetylated, then injected into the GC-HRMS. The limits of detection (LOD) and of identification (LOI) were determined for 22 of the compounds most frequently detected in postmortem blood samples in the laboratory in 2022.Stability on DBS was studied at 3 temperatures (-20°C, +4°C, and +20°C) over 15 days. The method was then applied to 102 postmortem blood samples. Results were compared to the two conventional screening methods implemented in the laboratory: LC-DAD/MS and GC-MS.
Results: Selectivity was demonstrated by analysis of 10 negative postmortem blood samples. All LODs were between &lt;10.0 ng/mL and 20.0 ng/mL. LOIs were within the therapeutic concentration range for each compound or at a value not leading to acute intoxication (narcotics). Overall, compounds remained stable over the 15 days at all test temperatures, except for midazolam and tramadol and its metabolites. Comparison of screenings of 102 postmortem samples resulted in 239 identifications, corresponding to 74 compounds, across 70 positive cases. In 32 cases, no compound was identified. Respectively 57% and 60% of the compounds were detected by LC-DAD/MS and GC-MS screenings, while DBS-GC-HRMS identified 81%.
Discussion-Conclusion: Application of the method to a hundred authentic cases demonstrated its ability to meet the constraints of low sample volume, sensitivity and ease of preservation for urgent cases or cases with limited blood availability.
Identification of In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolites of Fentanyl Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS
Authors: Liu Meng , Zhao Sen , Wang Bin-jie , Zhou Hong , Liu Yao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A comparative analysis of the metabolites and metabolic pathways of fentanyl was conducted in liver microsomes and zebrafish models utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS). A total of 21 metabolites were identified across both liver microsomes and zebrafish models. These included 9 phase I metabolites, such as N-dealkylated, N-oxidated and hydroxylated products, and 12 phase II metabolites, including glucuronidated, methylated, and sulfated products, as well as a series of products derived from conjugation with glutathione. Notably, the products derived from conjugation with glutathione are reported here for the first time. This study provides a comprehensive and in-depth comparative analysis of fentanyl metabolism in liver microsomes and zebrafish, offering a foundation for analyzing and identifying biological samples in cases of fentanyl misuse and fatalities.
Prevention of glucocorticoid-induced impairment of bone metabolism – a randomized, placebo-controlled, single Centre proof-of-concept clinical trial
Authors: Gregori Giulia , Johansson Lisa , Silberberg Lena , Imberg Henrik , Magnusson Per , Lind Marcus , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Oral glucocorticoid (GC) therapy rapidly and deleteriously affects bone metabolism and blood glucose regulation. The gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism and a prior study found that Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA6475 (L.reuteri) reduced bone loss over 12 months in older women. Mice treated either with broad-spectrum antibiotics or with L.reuteri did not experience GC-induced trabecular bone loss. This proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aimed to investigate if daily supplementation with L.reuteri, compared to placebo, could mitigate or prevent the negative effects of oral GC on bone turnover and blood glucose regulation in healthy young adults. Twenty-one men and 29 women, aged 18–45 were randomized to either placebo or L.reuteri (1x1010CFU/day) treatment for two weeks, followed by open-label oral prednisolone 25 mg daily for seven days. Primary outcomes were changes in blood bone status indices (osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide cross-links of collagen type-I (CTX), and type-I procollagen intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP)) from baseline to seven days after starting oral GC. Secondary endpoints included changes in blood glucose levels using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during the same period (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04767711). Blood samples were collected from participants in the morning after overnight fasting. Forty-six participants completed the 30-day study. The L.reuteri and placebo groups were well balanced in terms of baseline characteristics (age, BMI, sex, dietary intake, and physical activity). No significant differences were found between L.reuteri vs. placebo for percent changes in CTX (-0.3 [95%CI -19.2–18.7], p=.98) or PINP (4.2 [-6.3–14.8], p=.43), or in osteocalcin levels (14.2 [-7.8–36.3], p=.21), although the group-to-group difference in osteocalcin was larger. There was no effect of treatment on mean blood glucose (-0.1 [-0.3–0.1] mmol/L, p=.28). In conclusion, we failed to detect a significant effect of L.reuteri supplementation on GC-related adverse effects on bone status indices in this proof-of-concept RCT. Larger studies are needed to identify any potential smaller effects.
General and individualized changes in T cell immunity during aging
Authors: Song Nianbin , Elbahnasawy Mostafa A , Weng Nan-Ping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Functional alterations with age are observed in all human systems, but the aging of the adaptive immune system displays both general changes affecting all individuals, and idiosyncratic changes that are unique to individuals. In the T cell compartment, general aging manifests in three ways: (1) the reduction of naïve T cells, (2) the accumulation of differentiated memory T cells, and (3) a reduced overall T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Idiosyncratic impacts of aging, such as changes in the TCR repertoires of altered memory and naïve T cells are shaped by each person’s life exposures. Recent advancements in single-cell sequencing provide new information including the identification of new subpopulations of T cells, characteristics of transcriptome changes in T cells and their TCR clonotype with age, and measurement of individual cell age. Here, we focus on the changes in T cell subpopulations, transcriptomes and TCR repertoires in overall and antigen-specific T cell population with aging.
Pupil plane intensity interferometry with imaging air cherenkov telescopes
Authors: Matthews N , Gori P M , Vakili F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Intensity Interferometry Imaging Telescope (I3T) concept illustrated how a single imaging air Cherenkov telescope (IACT) can be transformed into a multi-element intensity interferometer. This is achieved by segmenting the light collecting surface into many sub-apertures via active control of individual mirror facets. Here, we propose an alternative method applicable to all IACTs that we refer to as pupil plane intensity interferometry. Principally, the re-imaged pupil of an IACT can be subdivided with a multi-pixel detector to enable extremely dense uv-plane sampling. Ray tracing of an IACT based on one of the VERITAS telescopes was performed as a proof-of-principle. Several unique science cases could be investigated and, in particular, we performed a case study that indicates the ability to strongly constrain the angular brightness distribution of the extended disc of the Be star Gamma Cassiopeia. The proposed design could be used as an alternative to current intensity interferometry instruments as it mitigates several inherent limitations of IACTs when used as intensity interferometers, namely temporal dispersion and large angular point spread functions.
A jet-driven bipolar outflow in NGC 1125
Authors: Schönell Astor J , Riffel Rogemar A , Riffel Rogério , Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To study the role of the feedback from the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) in the evolution of its host galaxy, we need observational constraints on 100 pc scales. We used the Gemini Near Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph in the J and K bands at a spatial resolution of 100 pc and spectral resolution of 45 km s−1 to observe the central region of the Seyfert galaxy NGC1125. Emission-line flux distributions in ionized and molecular gas extends up to ≈ 300 pc from the nucleus, where they are found to peak. The Paβ and [Fe ii]λ1.2570μm emission-lines show two components: a narrow and a broad. The narrow component is preferably extended from the north-east to the south-west, while the broad component is perpendicular to it. Their kinematics are also different, with the narrow component showing a rotation pattern, with low velocity dispersion values (σ ≈ 140 km s−1) and the broad component a disturbed velocity field and high values of σ (≈ 250 km s−1). We interpreted the narrow component velocity fields as due to gas rotating in the galaxy plane and fitted rotation velocity models to it, plus an outflow component in the ionized gas. The broad component is interpreted as an outflow, with mass outflow rate in the range of 0.6 to 1.1 M⊙ yr−1, with an outflow power ranging from 3.9× 1040 to 1.1× 1041 erg s−1, which represents 0.07 % and 0.2 % of the bolometric luminosity of the AGN. There is an explicit relation between the shock ionized outflow and the low-luminosity radio source.
The long life of ultra diffuse galaxies inside low-density dark matter halos: the case of AGC 114905
Authors: Afruni Andrea , Marinacci Federico , Piña Pavel E Mancera , Fraternali Filippo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It has long been known that, in the absence of a dark matter (DM) halo, galaxy discs tend to develop global gravitational instabilities that strongly modify their initial structure. The recent discovery of gas-rich ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) that seem to live in DM halos with very low concentrations, a very atypical configuration in the standard cosmological framework, poses therefore a crucial question: is the small contribution from such DM halos sufficient to stabilize the UDG discs? In this work we investigate this question, focusing on the extreme UDG $\rm {AGC\ 114905}$, which previous works found to be unstable. Here, we revisit these studies, using idealised numerical simulations with AREPO of a system composed by a stellar disc, a gas disc and a DM halo in initial equilibrium with each other and with properties based on slightly revised observational data of $\rm {AGC\ 114905}$. We explore different scenarios for the DM halo and we run our simulations for 5 Gyr. We find that in all cases the stellar and the gas discs are stable and that their initial density distributions and kinematic properties remain unchanged during the course of the simulation. We discuss how the apparent discrepancy with previous works (where the UDG developed instabilities) is due to our discs being dynamically hotter and living in slightly more massive DM halos, in accordance with the new observational constraints, previously unavailable. Our findings demonstrate that $\rm {AGC\ 114905}$ (and likely other similar UDGs) can evolve unperturbed in halos that challenge current cosmological models.
Recovering the structure of debris disks non-parametrically from images
Authors: Han Yinuo , Wyatt Mark C , Marino Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Debris disks common around Sun-like stars carry dynamical imprints in their structure that are key to understanding the formation and evolution history of planetary systems. In this paper, we extend an algorithm (rave) originally developed to model edge-on disks to be applicable to disks at all inclinations. The updated algorithm allows for non-parametric recovery of the underlying (i.e., deconvolved) radial profile and vertical height of optically thin, axisymmetric disks imaged in either thermal emission or scattered light. Application to simulated images demonstrates that the de-projection and deconvolution performance allows for accurate recovery of features comparable to or larger than the beam or PSF size, with realistic uncertainties that are independent of model assumptions. We apply our method to recover the radial profile and vertical height of a sample of 18 inclined debris disks observed with ALMA. Our recovered structures largely agree with those fitted with an alternative visibility-space de-projection and deconvolution method (frank). We find that for disks in the sample with a well-defined main belt, the belt radius, fractional width and fractional outer edge width all tend to increase with age, but do not correlate in a clear or monotonic way with dust mass or stellar temperature. In contrast, the scale height aspect ratio does not strongly correlate with age, but broadly increases with stellar temperature. These trends could reflect a combination of intrinsic collisional evolution in the disk and the interaction of perturbing planets with the disk’s own gravity.
The proteomic landscape of diffuse midline glioma highlights the therapeutic potential of non-histone protein methyltransferases
Authors: Anguraj Vadivel Arun Kumaran , Pajovic Sanja , Siddaway Robert , Zhu Sabrina , Sbergio Stefanie-Grace , Matic Olivera , Phillips Lauren , Bu Yong Jia , Nitz Mark , Hawkins Cynthia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) is a highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor with limited treatment options despite extensive genomic characterization. The aim of this study was to investigate the proteomic landscape of DMG to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis using LC-MS3, along with DNA methylation and DNA/RNA sequencing in 55 DMG patients’ samples. PTM profiling (phosphoproteome and methylproteome) was conducted in 30 patient samples. We then investigated the effects of modulating key protein targets on protein methylation, protein synthesis, and DMG cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Results
DMGs exhibited high global protein methylation, with significant enrichment of translation machinery proteins and factors involved in apoptosis regulation. Surprisingly, while targets of key kinases were highly phosphorylated, overall protein phosphorylation was lower in DMG compared to normal brain tissues. Non-histone methyltransferases METTL13 and METTL21B, along with protein kinases PAK2, PRKACA, and AKT1, were identified as key players in DMG methylproteome and phosphoproteome, respectively. METTL13 knockdown led to reduced EEF1A1 protein methylation, a shift in oncoprotein synthesis, and inhibited DMG cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the dependency of DMG on methyl-signaling pathways, particularly involving METTL13, which regulates EEF1A1 protein methylation and oncoprotein synthesis. Targeting the non-histone methyltransferases offers a promising therapeutic strategy for DMG. This study underscores the potential of post-translational modifications, specifically methyl-signaling pathways, as novel therapeutic targets for DMG and possibly other currently incurable cancers.
Investigating the Origins of Status Threat among White Americans
Authors: Lindsay Spencer C , Melcher Cody R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the last decade and a half, the United States has seen a rise in right-wing nationalism. Status threat provides a compelling explanation as to why. As white Americans see changing demographics, more diverse imagery in American leadership, and increased interdependence globally, they fear that they are losing “their” country. Scholars, however, often see status threat as primarily symbolic rather than material. We argue that material concerns are also instrumental in shaping whites’ perception of status threat. We test this hypothesis using an original survey experiment in which some respondents are primed to think about symbolic or material aspects of status threat. Relative to the control, both groups express heightened levels of perceived threat from other groups, indicating that both material and symbolic concerns are instrumental in shaping perceptions of status threat. We additionally test whether Republican whites respond to this perceived threat by becoming more likely to endorse far-right, restrictionist immigration policies. Our findings on the latter question are mixed.