bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temozolomide for central nervous system involvement in mycosis fungoides
Authors: Bird Thomas G. , Whittaker Sean , Wain Elizabeth M. , Child Fiona , Morris Stephen L. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most commonly involved sites in the systemic progression of primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) such as mycosis fungoides (MF). There is no consensus on the treatment of CNS progression in CTCL, but survival of 3–6 months is suggested when methotrexate‐based chemotherapy and/or CNS irradiation is used. Temozolomide is active in earlier stages of MF and readily crosses the blood–brain barrier. There are no published data on its use in MF patients with CNS involvement.MethodsFour MF patients were treated with oral temozolomide (200 mg/m2 per day for 5 d on a 28‐day cycle) for CNS progression. Two patients received temozolomide with low‐dose CNS irradiation as initial treatment, and two received temozolomide following disease progression after methotrexate‐based chemotherapy and CNS irradiation. All patients received dexamethasone.ResultsTemozolomide was well tolerated; there were no treatment withdrawals or dose reductions caused by toxicity. Patient 1 had an excellent partial response in pre‐irradiated disease. Patient 2 showed disease stabilization following irradiation. Patient 3 showed a complete response after a partial response to irradiation. Patient 4 demonstrated continued stabilization after a partial response to irradiation. Overall survival ranged from 10 to 33 months. Patient 3 remains alive and symptom‐free at 23 months following treatment.ConclusionsTemozolomide following low‐dose CNS irradiation appears to be well tolerated and effective in MF patients with CNS progression. It may represent a less toxic alternative to chemotherapy containing methotrexate or an option for second‐line therapy.
Smoking and risk for psoriasis: a population‐based twin study
Authors: Lønnberg Ann Sophie , Skov Lone , Skytthe Axel , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Pedersen Ole Birger , Thomsen Simon Francis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is a potential risk factor for psoriasis. Both psoriasis and smoking habits are partly explained by genetic factors. However, twin studies investigating the association between these traits are limited.MethodsQuestionnaire‐based data on smoking habits and psoriasis were collected for 34,781 twins, aged 20–71 years, from the Danish Twin Registry. A co‐twin control analysis was performed on 1700 twin pairs discordant for lifetime history of smoking. Genetic and environmental correlations between smoking and psoriasis were estimated using classical twin modeling.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, age group (50–71 vs. 20–49 years) and childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were significantly associated with psoriasis in the whole population (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.29 [P = 0.021] and OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10–1.49 [P = 0.002], respectively). Risk for psoriasis increased substantially (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.82–2.61; P < 0.001) for smokers with a history of >5 pack‐years, even after adjusting for age, sex, and childhood ETS. Among twin pairs discordant for smoking, risk for psoriasis in the ever‐smoking twin was lower among monozygotic twins (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.59–2.56; P = 0.578) than among same‐sex dizygotic twins (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.36–3.58; P = 0.001). Genetic factors explained 20% (14–25%; P < 0.001) of the correlation between psoriasis and smoking, whereas non‐shared environmental factors explained 8% (0–22%; P = 0.504).ConclusionsTobacco consumption and childhood ETS are significantly associated with psoriasis. Results indicate shared genetic factors for smoking and psoriasis.
Standardized intermittent catheterisation education improves catheterisation compliance in individuals with spinal cord injury
Authors: Zanollo Lucia Giovanna , Stensrød Gro Cecilia , Kerdraon Jacques , Lund Kirsti Gytre , Halvorsen Annette , Losavio Ernesto , Als Karoline Skibsted , Soler Jean Marc 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIntermittent catheterisation (IC) is considered the gold standard for bladder dysfunction‐related voiding problems following spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite this, up to 50% of individuals were no longer using IC 5 years after discharge from the rehabilitation centre. Hence, we initiated the IC Education Programme to offer standardized IC training and improve adherence. The programme was a European initiative undertaken by eight rehabilitation centres in Norway, France and Italy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the IC Education Programme. The control group comprised individuals with SCI discharged from one of the participating rehabilitation centres using IC up to 1 year before the Education Programme was initiated. A questionnaire was sent by post to this group before the IC Education Programme started. The second group comprised individuals who had participated in and been discharged using the IC Education Programme; they received the questionnaire up to 1 year after programme initiation. Anonymous responses from the two groups were compared to assess outcomes such as ongoing use of IC, satisfaction with training and attitude towards bladder issues. Three hundred sixteen responses (from 500 questionnaires sent) were received from the control group (63%) and 84 (of 142) from the IC Education Programme group (59%). The IC Education Programme significantly increased the percentage of individuals still using IC during the first year at home (99 vs. 83% for the Education Programme and control groups, respectively; p < 0·05) and improved satisfaction with training in IC. Individuals who had participated in the IC Education Programme were also significantly less bothered by bladder issues than the control group (overall SF‐Qualiveen index 1·58 vs. 1·76, respectively; p = 0·032). The IC Education Programme improved the standard of care following SCI as it enabled more individuals to continue with IC up to 1 year after discharge, and improved training satisfaction.
Mothers' Verbal and Nonverbal Strategies in Relation to Infants' Object‐Directed Actions in Real Time and Across the First Three Years in Ethnically Diverse Families
Authors: Luo Rufan , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. 
Published: August 2015

We examined maternal behavioral strategies in relation to infants' object‐directed actions in real time and over developmental time in 206 mother–infant dyads from African American, Dominican immigrant, and Mexican immigrant backgrounds. Mothers were asked to share a set of beads and strings with their infants when children were 14, 24, and 36 months. We coded three types of maternal strategies—eliciting attention, instructive assistance, and encouragement—which could be expressed verbally (e.g., “look”, “turn it”, “good job!”) or physically (i.e., through gestures, hands‐on guidance, or transfer of objects). We also coded infants' unassisted bead‐stringing. Across ethnic groups and ages, mothers' hands‐on guidance and object transfer increased the likelihood that infants would follow with unassisted bead‐stringing during real‐time interaction. Over developmental time, mothers modified their strategies: They displayed fewer attention‐getting strategies and more encouragement across infant ages, and peaked in their provision of instructive assistance when infants were 24 months. Additionally, Mexican mothers displayed more nonverbal strategies (e.g., gestures, hands‐on guidance) than did African American and/or Dominican mothers, who displayed more verbal strategies (e.g., attention‐getting and encouraging language). Developmental and real‐time patterns in mother–infant object‐related interactions generalize across ethnicities, although mothers' emphases on specific strategies are culture specific.
Indirect Effects of Maternal Sensitivity on Infant Emotion Regulation Behaviors: The Role of Vagal Withdrawal
Authors: Perry Nicole B. , Calkins Susan D. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: August 2015

The potential indirect effect of observed maternal sensitivity at 5 months on the development of infants' behavioral regulation of emotion from 5 to 10 months (i.e., distraction and maternal‐orientation behaviors) via infant's vagal withdrawal was investigated (N = 230). Results indicated that maternal sensitivity at 5 months was not directly associated with behavioral regulation at 10 months. However, greater maternal sensitivity at 5 months was associated with greater vagal withdrawal at 10 months, after controlling for vagal withdrawal at 5 months. Further, vagal withdrawal at 10 months was associated with greater orientation toward the mother at 10 months, after controlling for 5‐month orientation behaviors. The indirect effect of maternal sensitivity on maternal‐orientation behaviors was significant, suggesting that infant's vagal withdrawal may be one potential mechanism through which maternal sensitivity is related to behavioral regulation.
Levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum antigens in resident and anadromous salmonids in the River Ellidaár system in Iceland
Authors: Kristmundsson Á , Árnason F , Gudmundsdóttir S , Antonsson T 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn relation to stock enhancement programmes, wild salmon broodfish have been routinely screened for the presence of Renibacterium salmoninarum antigens (Rs‐Ag) for decades. A sudden increase in the prevalence of Rs‐Ag experienced caused extensive problems to this industry as eggs from positive fish are discarded. The prevalence and level of Rs‐Ag were examined in resident and anadromous salmonids in the River Ellidaár system and the progress of Rs‐Ag in a cohort of salmon followed. Both prevalence and Rs‐Ag levels were high in resident salmonids and emigrating salmon smolts in the river system. When the smolts re‐entered their home river as adults the following summer, they were almost free of Rs‐Ag, but the longer they stayed in the river, the more Rs‐Ag they acquired; the majority being positive at spawning. This study demonstrates a high level of Rs‐Ag in salmonids in the River Ellidaár system which significantly reduces in the salmon during its seawater phase. Accordingly, it seems ideal to sample salmon broodfish as soon as possible after ascending the river and subsequently transfer to Rs‐free environment for storage until stripping, which could result in lower Rs‐prevalence and minimize the problems that stock enhancement programmes have faced due to Rs‐positive wild broodfish.
Body Mass Index Trajectories in Relation to Change in Lean Mass and Physical Function: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Authors: Reinders Ilse , Murphy Rachel A. , Martin Kathryn R. , Brouwer Ingeborg A. , Visser Marjolein , White Daniel K. , Newman Anne B. , Houston Denise K. , Kanaya Alka M. , Nagin Daniel S. , Harris Tamara B. ,   for the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo examine body mass index (BMI) trajectories with change in lean mass and physical function in old age.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingHealth, Aging and Body Composition Study.ParticipantsBlack and white men (n = 482) and women (n = 516) aged 73.1 ± 2.7 and initially free of disability.MeasurementsA group‐based trajectory model was used to determine BMI trajectories, the path a person's BMI followed over 9 years. Lean mass, gait speed, grip strength, and knee extension strength were assessed at baseline and after 9 years, and relative changes were calculated. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine associations between trajectories and relative change in lean mass and physical function.ResultsFour BMI trajectories were identified for men and four for women. Although all demonstrated a decline in BMI, the rate of decline differed according to trajectory for women only. Men in Trajectory 4 (mean BMI at baseline 33.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2) declined more than those in Trajectory 1 (mean BMI at baseline 22.9 ± 1.6 kg/m2) in gait speed (−9.91%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −15.15% to −4.67%) and leg strength (−8.63%, 95% CI = −15.62% to −1.64%). Women in Trajectory 4 (mean BMI at baseline 34.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2) had greater losses than those in Trajectory 1 (mean BMI at baseline 20.5 ± 1.6 kg/m2) in lean mass in the arms (−3.19%, 95% CI = −6.16% to −0.23%). No other associations were observed.ConclusionObese men had the highest risk of decline in physical function despite similar weight loss between trajectories, whereas overweight and obese women who lost the most weight had the greatest risk of lean mass loss. The weight at which a person enters old age is informative for predicting loss in lean mass and physical function, illustrating the importance of monitoring weight.
LP/HTmetamorphism as a temporal marker of change of deformation style within the Late Palaeozoic accretionary wedge of central Chile
Authors: Hyppolito T. , Juliani C. , Garcia‐Casco A. , Meira V. , Bustamante A. , Hall C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA Late Palaeozoic accretionary prism, formed at the southwestern margin of Gondwana from Early Carboniferous to Late Triassic, comprises the Coastal Accretionary Complex of central Chile (34–41°S). This fossil accretionary system is made up of two parallel contemporaneous metamorphic belts: a high‐pressure/low temperature belt (HP/LT– Western Series) and a low pressure/high temperature belt (LP/HT– Eastern Series). However, the timing of deformation events associated with the growth of the accretionary prism (successive frontal accretion and basal underplating) and the development of theLP/HTmetamorphism in the shallower levels of the wedge are not continuously observed along this paired metamorphic belt, suggesting the former existence of local perturbations in the subduction regime. In the Pichilemu region, a well‐preserved segment of the paired metamorphic belt allows a first order correlation between the metamorphic and deformational evolution of the deep accreted slices of oceanic crust (blueschists andHPgreenschists from the Western Series) and deformation at the shallower levels of the wedge (the Eastern Series).LP/HTmineral assemblages grew in response to arc‐related granitic intrusions, and porphyroblasts constitute time markers recording the evolution of deformation within shallow wedge material. IntegratedP–T–t–danalysis reveals that theLP/HTbelt is formed between the stages of frontal accretion (D1) and basal underplating of basic rocks (D2) forming blueschists atc. 300 Ma. A timeline evolution relating the formation of blueschists and the formation and deformation ofLP/HTmineral assemblages at shallower levels, combined with published geochronological/thermobarometric/geochemistry data suggests a cause–effect relation between the basal accretion of basic rocks and the deformation of the shallowerLP/HTbelt. The S2foliation that formed during basal accretion initiated near the base of the accretionary wedge at ~30 km depth atc. 308 Ma. Later, the S2foliation developed atc. 300 Ma and ~15 km depth shortly after the emplacement of the granitoids and formation of the (LP/HT) peak metamorphic mineral assemblages. This shallow deformation may reflect a perturbation in the long‐term subduction dynamics (e.g. entrance of a seamount), which would in turn have contributed to the coeval exhumation of the nearby blueschists atc. 300 Ma. Finally,40Ar–39Ar cooling ages reveal that foliated LP/HT rocks were already at ~350 °C atc. 292 Ma, indicating a rapid cooling for this metamorphic system.
Markers of Psychological Differences and Social and Health Inequalities: Possible Genetic and Phenotypic Overlaps
Authors: Mõttus René , Marioni Riccardo , Deary Ian J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAssociations between markers of ostensible psychological characteristics and social and health inequalities are pervasive but difficult to explain. In some cases, there may be causal influence flowing from social and health inequalities to psychological differences, whereas sometimes it may be the other way around. Here, we focus on the possibility that some markers that we often consider as indexing different domains of individual differences may in fact reflect at least partially overlapping genetic and/or phenotypic bases. For example, individual differences in cognitive abilities and educational attainment appear to reflect largely overlapping genetic influences, whereas cognitive abilities and health literacy may be almost identical phenomena at the phenotypic, never mind genetic, level. We make the case for employing molecular genetic data and quantitative genetic techniques to better understand the associations of psychological individual differences with social and health inequalities. We illustrate these arguments by using published findings from the Lothian Birth Cohort and the Generation Scotland studies. We also present novel findings pertaining to longitudinal stability and change in older age personality traits and some correlates of the change, molecular genetic data‐based heritability estimates of Neuroticism and Extraversion, and the genetic correlations of these personality traits with markers of social and health inequalities.
The impact of viral hepatitis‐related hepatocellular carcinoma to post‐transplant outcomes
Authors: Younossi Z. M. , Stepanova M. , Saab S. , Ahmed A. , Lam B. , Srishord M. , Venkatesan C. , Wai H. , Henry L. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common complication of HCV infection leading to liver transplantation. We evaluated the impact of aetiology of liver disease on patient and graft survival following liver transplantation for HCC. From the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (2002–2011), all adults who underwent liver transplantation for HCC were retrospectively included. Aetiology of liver disease was grouped into HCV, HBV, HCV–HBV co‐infection and nonviral liver disease. Of 8,733 liver transplant recipients with HCC, 5507 had HCV, 631 had HBV, 163 were co‐infected, and 2432 had nonviral causes of liver disease. In follow‐up (48 ± 32 months), 8.2% had graft failure and 29.5% died. The mean rates of graft failure were 9.5%, 4.7%, 6.1% and 6.4% in HCV, HBV, HCV–HBV co‐infection and nonviral liver disease, respectively (P < 0.0001). Post‐transplant mortality rate in patients with HBV was 20.2%, HCV 31.0%, HCV–HBV 28.5% and nonviral 28.5% (P < 0.0001). This difference was significant starting one year post‐transplant and became even more prominent later in follow‐up. Five‐year post‐transplant survival was 64.7% in HCV, 77.7% in HBV, 71.0% in HCV–HBV and 69.1% in nonviral HCC (P < 0.0001). A diagnosis of HCV in patients with HCC was also independently associated with an increased risk of both graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.84 (1.46–2.33), P < 0.0001) and mortality (1.35 (1.21–1.50), P < 0.0001) in multivariate analysis. Patients with HCV‐related HCC are at higher risk of adverse post‐transplant outcomes. These patients should be considered for preemptive interferon‐free antiviral therapy prior to or immediately following liver transplantation.
Language Variation in the Diaspora: Polish Immigrant Communities in the U.S. and the U.K.
Authors: Newlin‐Łukowicz Luiza 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEthnicity has long been known to affect language variation. However, existing studies have overwhelmingly focused on the speech of the largest, non‐White minority groups and have rarely investigated within‐group variation. In this paper, I review sociolinguistic studies of a White minority group in two different settings and argue that the study of sociolinguistic variation across and within minority groups can help disentangle and systematize the effect of ethnicity on language. I focus on reports of linguistic variation for Polish immigrants in the United States (a case of sustained, long‐term immigration) and in the United Kingdom (a case of recent migration with indefinite plans for long‐term residence). Through these two case studies, I illustrate that a strong Polish identity affects speakers’ adoption of regional variation in English.
Higher genetic diversity in recolonized areas than in refugia of Alnus glutinosa triggered by continent‐wide lineage admixture
Authors: Havrdová Alena , Douda Jan , Krak Karol , Vít Petr , Hadincová Věroslava , Zákravský Petr , Mandák Bohumil 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGenetic admixture is supposed to be an important trigger of species expansions because it can create the potential for selection of genotypes suitable for new climatic conditions. Up until now, however, no continent‐wide population genetic study has performed a detailed reconstruction of admixture events during natural species expansions. To fill this gap, we analysed the postglacial history of Alnus glutinosa, a keystone species of European swamp habitats, across its entire distribution range using two molecular markers, cpDNA and nuclear microsatellites. CpDNA revealed multiple southern refugia located in the Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Anatolian Peninsulas, Corsica and North Africa. Analysis of microsatellites variation revealed three main directions of postglacial expansion: (i) from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula to Western and Central Europe and subsequently to the British Isles, (ii) from the Apennine Peninsula to the Alps and (iii) from the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula to the Carpathians followed by expansion towards the Northern European plains. This challenges the classical paradigm that most European populations originated from refugial areas in the Carpathians. It has been shown that colonizing lineages have met several times and formed secondary contact zones with unexpectedly high population genetic diversity in Central Europe and Scandinavia. On the contrary, limited genetic admixture in southern refugial areas of A. glutinosa renders rear‐edge populations in the Mediterranean region more vulnerable to extinction due to climate change.
Frontolimbic neural circuit changes in emotional processing and inhibitory control associated with clinical improvement following transference‐focused psychotherapy in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Perez David L. , Vago David R. , Pan Hong , Root James , Tuescher Oliver , Fuchs Benjamin H. , Leung Lorene , Epstein Jane , Cain Nicole M. , Clarkin John F. , Lenzenweger Mark F. , Kernberg Otto F. , Levy Kenneth N. , Silbersweig David A. , Stern Emily 
Published: August 2015

AimsBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by self‐regulation deficits, including impulsivity and affective lability. Transference‐focused psychotherapy (TFP) is an evidence‐based treatment proven to reduce symptoms across multiple cognitive–emotional domains in BPD. This pilot study aimed to investigate neural activation associated with, and predictive of, clinical improvement in emotional and behavioral regulation in BPD following TFP.MethodsBPD subjects (n = 10) were scanned pre‐ and post‐TFP treatment using a within‐subjects design. A disorder‐specific emotional–linguistic go/no‐go functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm was used to probe the interaction between negative emotional processing and inhibitory control.ResultsAnalyses demonstrated significant treatment‐related effects with relative increased dorsal prefrontal (dorsal anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, and frontopolar cortices) activation, and relative decreased ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampal activation following treatment. Clinical improvement in constraint correlated positively with relative increased left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation. Clinical improvement in affective lability correlated positively with left posterior‐medial orbitofrontal cortex/ventral striatum activation, and negatively with right amygdala/parahippocampal activation. Post‐treatment improvements in constraint were predicted by pre‐treatment right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivation, and pre‐treatment left posterior‐medial orbitofrontal cortex/ventral striatum hypoactivation predicted improvements in affective lability.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings demonstrate potential TFP‐associated alterations in frontolimbic circuitry and begin to identify neural mechanisms associated with a psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy.