bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stärkung von Qualität im Gesundheitswesen – Erfahrungen aus der Praxis einer Gesundheitsministerin
Authors: Schmidt Ulla , Ex Patricia 
Published: March 2014

Einleitung
Die Förderung von Qualität im Gesundheitswesen ist ein häufig gefordertes und häufig angekündigtes Vorhaben. Kurz vor meiner Übernahme des Ministeriums 2001 hatte der Sachverständigenrat im Gesundheitswesen ausführlich dargelegt, wie unser System von Über-, Unter- und Fehlversorgung geprägt war. Organisierte Abläufe zwischen ambulanter und stationärer Versorgung waren vielerorts rudimentär. Zwischen 2001 und 2009 haben wir insbesondere durch drei Stellschrauben die Qualität im Gesundheitswesen verbessert: durch integrierte Versorgungsstrukturen, durch Transparenz und durch ein gerechtes Versicherungssystem mit solidarischer Finanzierung.
Deutsches Netzwerk für Qualitätsentwicklung in der Pflege (DNQP): Aktueller Stand
Authors: Büscher Andreas , Möller Anna 
Published: March 2014

Einleitung
Seit 1992 arbeitet das Deutsche Netzwerk für Qualitätsentwicklung in der Pflege an der Verbesserung der Pflegequalität auf Basis von Expertenstandards. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Netzwerk vor und gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Entwicklung sowie die methodischen Grundlagen von Expertenstandards. Einschätzungen zur Verbindlichkeit von Expertenstandards und zu den Herausforderungen für die zukünftige Entwicklung der Pflegequalität runden den Beitrag ab.
Die Qualität der gesundheitlichen Versorgung
Authors: Geraedts Max 
Published: March 2014

Einleitung
Mit der Qualität der gesundheitlichen Versorgung in Deutschland scheint etwas nicht in Ordnung zu sein. Obwohl schon zwei Institute auf der Bundesebene, IQWiG und AQUA, die Qualität im Gesundheitswesen im Fokus haben, plant die große Koalition die Gründung eines neuen Instituts für Qualität und Transparenz im Gesundheitswesen. Das Institut soll für den Bürger verständliche, vergleichende Informationen zur Qualität der ambulanten und stationären Gesundheitsversorger bereithalten.
Ergebnisorientierte Vergütung: Pay for performance
Authors: Göpffarth Dirk 
Published: March 2014

Einleitung
Bei ergebnisorientierten Vergütungssystemen wird ein Teil der Vergütung an das gemessene Leistungsniveau gekoppelt. Hierzu muss geeignete Indikatoren gefunden (Messbarkeitsproblem), relevante Entscheidungsträger abgegrenzt (Zurechenbarkeitsproblem) und Anreizsysteme entwickelt werden. In wettbewerblichen Systemen entsteht zudem ein Koordinationsproblem. Für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung ist daher ein Ausgleich von Wettbewerb und Kooperation erforderlich.
Versorgungsqualität in der Hausarztzentrierten Versorgung
Authors: Götz Katja , Miksch Antje 
Published: March 2014

Einleitung
Mit dem In-Kraft-Treten des GKV-Modernisierungsgesetzes wurden gesetzliche Krankenkassen dazu aufgefordert, ihren Versicherten eine Hausarztzentrierte Versorgung anzubieten. Damit verbunden erscheint es wichtig zu erfassen, inwiefern sich die Qualität der Versorgung nach Einführung solcher Versorgungsmodelle verändert. Eine Evaluation sollte dabei neben der Struktur- und Prozessqualität auch die Ergebnisqualität aus Perspektive der Leistungserbringer und -berechtigten sowie der Krankenkassen im Blick haben.
Qualität der Gesundheitsversorgung – Was wollen Patienten wissen?
Authors: Romppel Matthias , Grande Gesine 
Published: March 2014

Einleitung
Patienten verfügen über differenzierte Vorstellungen zur Qualität medizinischer Versorgung und berücksichtigen bei ihren Entscheidungen eine Vielzahl an Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualitätsindikatoren. Es fehlt jedoch an geeigneten patientenorientierten, öffentlich zugänglichen und vergleichenden Informationsgrundlagen. Insbesondere die Operationalisierung und Messung von Indikatoren der Prozessqualität, über die Patienten besonders oft Informationen wünschen, wirft vielfach Probleme auf.
Qualitätsberichte und Qualitätsberichterstattung im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Hensen Peter 
Published: March 2014

Einleitung
Ein relativ junges Instrument der Qualitätssicherung im deutschen Gesundheitswesen ist die Qualitätsberichterstattung. Dabei handelt es sich um die Veröffentlichung von Qualitäts- und Leistungsdaten mit dem Ziel der systematischen Qualitätsverbesserung von Gesundheitsleistungen. Diese kann freiwillig, gesetzlich verpflichtend oder unkontrolliert erfolgen. Im Gegensatz zur Gesundheitsberichterstattung zielt die Qualitätsberichterstattung auf Steuerungswirkungen im Gesundheitssystem, die im Folgenden beleuchtet werden.
Creeping axisymmetric plumes with strongly temperature-dependent viscosity
Authors: Crosby Andrew , Lister John R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe structure of a steady axisymmetric thermal plume rising through a very viscous fluid with strongly temperature-dependent viscosity of the form $\mu \propto \exp (-\gamma T)$ is investigated. An analytic asymptotic solution is derived for the fast-flowing core of the plume, which predicts that the excess centreline temperature decays exponentially as $\exp \{ - 12 \pi \kappa z/(\gamma A) \}$, where $\kappa $ is the thermal diffusivity, $z$ the height and $A$ the vertical heat flux. This rate of decay, which is found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations of the boundary-layer equations, is three times faster than that predicted by the oft-quoted model of Olson, Schubert and Anderson (J. Geophys. Res., vol. 98 (B4), 1993, pp. 6829–6844).
Examining smoking dependence motives among African American light smokers
Authors: Bronars Carrie A. , Faseru Babalola , Krebill Ron , Mayo Matthew S. , Snow Tricia M. , Okuyemi Kolawole S. , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. , Cox Lisa Sanderson 
Published: March 2014

Introduction: Despite smoking fewer cigarettes per day, African American smokers have greater difficulty quitting compared to Caucasian smokers. Further elucidating the impact of smoking motivations on smoking behaviour would contribute to understanding the factors that maintain smoking.Aims: This study examined the factor structure of a brief assessment examining smoking dependence motives among a sample of African American light smokers.Methods: Data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised smoking cessation trial involving 540 participants. Results were analysed using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a randomly split EFA.Results/Findings: Findings from the initial EFA analysis produced an eight-factor model, explaining 69% of the variation in responses. The overall Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) was 0.88 with item level MSA ranging 0.68–0.94 across the 30 items. Results from the randomly split EFA replicated the findings of the original EFA; with the exception of the item ‘I smoke within the first 30 minutes of awakening in the morning’.Conclusions: These findings support the hypothesis of a multidimensional approach to conceptualising nicotine dependence, and provide information regarding characteristics of nicotine dependence in African American light smokers which may be helpful in identifying targets for cessation treatment in this population of smokers.
ON THE EXPONENTIAL DIOPHANTINE EQUATION
Authors: MIYAZAKI TAKAFUMI , TERAI NOBUHIRO 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLet$m$,$a$,$c$be positive integers with$a\equiv 3, 5~({\rm mod} \hspace{0.334em} 8)$. We show that when$1+ c= {a}^{2} $, the exponential Diophantine equation$\mathop{({m}^{2} + 1)}\nolimits ^{x} + \mathop{(c{m}^{2} - 1)}\nolimits ^{y} = \mathop{(am)}\nolimits ^{z} $has only the positive integer solution$(x, y, z)= (1, 1, 2)$under the condition$m\equiv \pm 1~({\rm mod} \hspace{0.334em} a)$, except for the case$(m, a, c)= (1, 3, 8)$, where there are only two solutions:$(x, y, z)= (1, 1, 2), ~(5, 2, 4). $In particular, when$a= 3$, the equation$\mathop{({m}^{2} + 1)}\nolimits ^{x} + \mathop{(8{m}^{2} - 1)}\nolimits ^{y} = \mathop{(3m)}\nolimits ^{z} $has only the positive integer solution$(x, y, z)= (1, 1, 2)$, except if$m= 1$. The proof is based on elementary methods and Baker’s method.
Effects of hunting camps on breeding grey-necked picathartesPicathartes oreasin south-east Nigeria
Authors: Atuo Fidelis Akunke , Ivande Samuel T. , Wala Zingfa , O'Connell Timothy J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe dependence of forest communities on bushmeat as a source of protein and income is a challenge to wildlife conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the use of caves and overhanging rocks as hunting camps and the consequences for breeding grey-necked picathartesPicathartes oreasin the forests of Cross River in south-east Nigeria. We recorded 84 nesting colonies during guided and random searches. We found 14 (16.7%) breeding sites that had been used as hunting camps, with evidence including fire stands, sleeping spots, cooking utensils and drying racks. Fire stands were the most frequently recorded evidence of camping and were found in 11 of the camps. At the 14 breeding sites only two nesting attempts were made byP. oreasduring the survey. Thirty-seven nests (c. 95%) recorded in hunting camps were empty and showed no evidence of ongoing or potential breeding activities, suggesting that the nests may have been abandoned. We attributed the low nesting attempt rate to disturbance caused by hunters, who also affected breeding success through direct removal of eggs and fledglings from nests. We encourage conservation education for the protection ofP. oreasand other threatened species in the region and recommend strict enforcement of wildlife laws and disciplinary sanctions. Given the role of the forests of Cross River as a critical habitat for several endemic and threatened species, management efforts targeted at improving the integrity of the forest will benefit grey-necked picathartes and other avian species of conservation concern.
Abnormal resting-state connectivity of motor and cognitive networks in early manifest Huntington's disease
Authors: Wolf R. C. , Sambataro F. , Vasic N. , Depping M. S. , Thomann P. A. , Landwehrmeyer G. B. , Süssmuth S. D. , Orth M. 
Published: March 2014

Background.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of multiple neural networks during the brain's ‘resting state’ could facilitate biomarker development in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and may provide new insights into the relationship between neural dysfunction and clinical symptoms. To date, however, very few studies have examined the functional integrity of multiple resting state networks (RSNs) in manifest HD, and even less is known about whether concomitant brain atrophy affects neural activity in patients.Method.Using MRI, we investigated brain structure and RSN function in patients with early HD (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). For resting-state fMRI data a group-independent component analysis identified spatiotemporally distinct patterns of motor and prefrontal RSNs of interest. We used voxel-based morphometry to assess regional brain atrophy, and ‘biological parametric mapping’ analyses to investigate the impact of atrophy on neural activity.Results.Compared with controls, patients showed connectivity changes within distinct neural systems including lateral prefrontal, supplementary motor, thalamic, cingulate, temporal and parietal regions. In patients, supplementary motor area and cingulate cortex connectivity indices were associated with measures of motor function, whereas lateral prefrontal connectivity was associated with cognition.Conclusions.This study provides evidence for aberrant connectivity of RSNs associated with motor function and cognition in early manifest HD when controlling for brain atrophy. This suggests clinically relevant changes of RSN activity in the presence of HD-associated cortical and subcortical structural abnormalities.
Prenatal maternal immune disruption and sex-dependent risk for psychoses
Authors: Goldstein J. M , Cherkerzian S. , Seidman L. J. , Donatelli J.-A. L. , Remington A. G. , Tsuang M. T. , Hornig M. , Buka S. L. 
Published: March 2014

Background.Previous studies suggest that abnormalities in maternal immune activity during pregnancy alter the offspring's brain development and are associated with increased risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) dependent on sex.Method.Using a nested case–control design and prospectively collected prenatal maternal sera from which interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αand IL-10 were assayed, we investigated sex-dependent associations between these cytokines and 88 psychotic cases [SCZ = 44; affective psychoses (AP) = 44] and 100 healthy controls from a pregnancy cohort followed for > 40 years. Analyses included sex-stratified non-parametric tests adjusted for multiple comparisons to screen cytokines associated with SCZ risk, followed by deviant subgroup analyses using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models.Results.There were higher prenatal IL-6 levels among male SCZ than male controls, and lower TNF-αlevels among female SCZ than female controls. The results were supported by deviant subgroup analyses with significantly more SCZ males with high IL-6 levels (>highest quartile) compared with controls [odd ratio (OR)75 = 3.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–9.82], and greater prevalence of low TNF-αlevels (<lowest quartile) among SCZ females compared with their controls (OR25 = 6.30, 95% CI 1.20–33.04) and SCZ males. Higher levels of IL-6 were only found among SCZ compared with AP cases. Lower TNF-αlevels (non-significant) also characterized female AP casesversuscontrols, although the prevalence of the lowest levels was higher in SCZ than AP females (70%v. 40%), with no effect in SCZ or AP males.Conclusions.The results underscore the importance of immunologic processes affecting fetal brain development and differential risk for psychoses depending on psychosis subtype and offspring sex.
National narratives, institutional ideologies, and local talk: The discursive production of Spanish in a “new” US Latino community
Authors: Carter Phillip M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the figuration of “Spanish” as a sociocultural discourse within the context of a middle school in North Carolina, where immigration from Latin America is new, yet quickly accelerating. The school-based discourse is analyzed in terms of everyday ways of talking among students, as well as institutional ideologies and practices, which mediate national discourses about US Latinos and reinforce tropes circulated by students. Everyday ways of talking among non-Latino students suggest that Latinos—both immigrants and US born—are Spanish monolinguals who “choose” to be segregated from the English speakers. The use of Spanish by Latinos is constructed by non-Latinos as secretive and dangerous, linking local tropes about Spanish to national discourses. Consistent informal pressure against Spanish at school links to broader pressures against Spanish in the community and beyond. The discourse problematizes Latino identity formations and limits the types of identities available to Latino students. (Discursive production, Spanish, US Latinos, Latino threat narrative)*
Keeping disease at arm's length – how older Danish people distance disease through active ageing
Authors: LASSEN ASKE JUUL 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTMany older people live with a range of chronic diseases. However, these diseases do not necessarily impede an active lifestyle. In this article the author analyses the relation between the active ageing discourse and the way older people at two Danish activity centres handle disease. How does active ageing change everyday life with chronic disease, and how do older people combine an active life with a range of chronic diseases? The participants in the study use activities to keep their diseases at arm's length, and this distancing of disease at the same time enables them to engage in social and physical activities at the activity centre. In this way, keeping disease at arm's length is analysed as an ambiguous health strategy. The article shows the importance of looking into how active ageing is practised, as active ageing seems to work well in the everyday life of the older people by not giving emphasis to disease. The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and uses vignettes of four participants to show how they each keep diseases at arm's length.
Cooling of pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) embryos stored at −10ºC
Authors: Pessoa Nathalie Ommundsen , Galvão José Agenor Soares , de Souza Filho Francisco Gerson Mendes , de Sousa Míriam Luiza Nogueira Martins , Sampaio Célia Maria Souza 
Published: March 2014

SummaryCryopreservation has not been used successfully to preserve fish embryos, although chilling techniques have been used with good results. The aim of this study was to chill Piaractus brachypomus embryos at – 10°C for various storage times. Embryos at the following ontogenetic stages were used: blastoderm – 1.2 hours post-fertilization (hpf); epiboly – 5 hpf; blastopore closure – 8 hpf; and appearance of the optic vesicle – 13 hpf. One hundred embryos were selected from each ontogenetic stage and chilled at – 10°C for 6 or 10 h. The results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a 5% significance level. A significantly greater number of completely developed live larvae were observed following embryonic treatment with a cryoprotectant solution that contained 17.5% sucrose and 10% methanol. There was no survival for embryos cooled at – 10°C in initial developmental stages (1, 2 and 5 h hpf). Furthermore, higher survival rates were observed when embryos were treated at more advanced developmental stages (8 and 13 hpf). Therefore, P. brachypomus embryos at the blastopore-closure (8 hpf) or appearance-of-optic-vesicle (13 hpf) stages should be used for embryo chilling protocols and chilling should be performed using a 17.5% sucrose with a 10% methanol solution at – 10°C for up to 6 h. The best results were obtained with 13-hpf and 8-hpf embryos and cooling at 6 h of storage.
In vitro development of secondary follicles from pre-pubertal and adult goats cultured in two-dimensional or three-dimensional systems
Authors: Silva G.M. , Rossetto R. , Chaves R.N. , Duarte A.B.G. , Araújo V.R. , Feltrin C. , Bernuci M. P. , Anselmo-Franci J.A. , Xu M. , Woodruff T.K. , Campello C.C. , Figueiredo J.R. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) alginate culture systems on in vitro development of pre-antral caprine follicles. In addition, the influence of the reproductive age of the ovary donor on the in vitro culture success was investigated. Pre-antral follicles from pre-pubertal or adult goats were isolated and cultured directly on a plastic surface (2D) or encapsulated in an alginate-based matrix (3D). After 18 days, the oocytes underwent in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) to produce embryos. The 3D system showed higher rates of follicle survival, lower rates of oocyte extrusion, and a greater number of recovered oocytes for IVM and IVF (P < 0.05). Only pre-antral follicles from adult animals produced MII oocytes and embryos. The estradiol concentrations increased from day 2 to day 12 of culture in all groups tested (P < 0.05). Conversely, progesterone concentrations were lower in 3D-cultured follicles than in 2D-cultured follicles, with differences on days 2 and 6 of culture (P < 0.05). We provide compelling evidence that a 2D or 3D alginate in vitro culture system offers a promising approach to achieving full in vitro development of caprine pre-antral follicles to produce mature oocytes that are capable of fertilization and viable embryos.
Thickness Variations and Absence of Lateral Compositional Fluctuations in Aberration-Corrected STEM Images of InGaN LED Active Regions at Low Dose
Authors: Yankovich Andrew B. , Kvit Alexander V. , Li Xing , Zhang Fan , Avrutin Vitaliy , Liu Huiyong , Izyumskaya Natalia , Özgür Ümit , Van Leer Brandon , Morkoç Hadis , Voyles Paul M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy images of the In0.15Ga0.85N active region of a blue light-emitting diode, acquired at ~0.1% of the electron dose known to cause electron beam damage, show no lateral compositional fluctuations, but do exhibit one to four atomic plane steps in the active layer’s upper boundary. The area imaged was measured to be 2.9 nm thick using position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction, ensuring the sample was thin enough to capture compositional variation if it was present. A focused ion beam prepared sample with a very large thin area provides the possibility to directly observe large fluctuations in the active layer thickness that constrict the active layer at an average lateral length scale of 430 nm.
Nucleation Dynamics of Water Nanodroplets
Authors: Bhattacharya Dipanjan , Bosman Michel , Mokkapati Venkata R.S.S. , Leong Fong Yew , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe origin of the condensation of water begins at the nanoscale, a length-scale that is challenging to probe for liquids. In this work we directly image heterogeneous nucleation of water nanodroplets by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Using gold nanoparticles bound to a flat surface as heterogeneous nucleation sites, we observe nucleation and growth of water nanodroplets. The growth of nanodroplet radii follows the power law: R(t)~(t−t0)β, where β~0.2−0.3.
Phylogenetic and functional gene structure shifts of the oral microbiomes in periodontitis patients
Authors: Li Yan , He Jinzhi , He Zhili , Zhou Yuan , Yuan Mengting , Xu Xin , Sun Feifei , Liu Chengcheng , Li Jiyao , Xie Wenbo , Deng Ye , Qin Yujia , VanNostrand Joy D , Xiao Liying , Wu Liyou , Zhou Jizhong , Shi Wenyuan , Zhou Xuedong 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Determining the composition and function of subgingival dental plaque is crucial to understanding human periodontal health and disease, but it is challenging because of the complexity of the interactions between human microbiomes and human body. Here, we examined the phylogenetic and functional gene differences between periodontal and healthy individuals using MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and a specific functional gene array (a combination of GeoChip 4.0 for biogeochemical processes and HuMiChip 1.0 for human microbiomes). Our analyses indicated that the phylogenetic and functional gene structure of the oral microbiomes were distinctly different between periodontal and healthy groups. Also, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that 39 genera were significantly different between healthy and periodontitis groups, and Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Treponema, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Tannerella, Hallella, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Catonella showed higher relative abundances in the periodontitis group. In addition, functional gene array data showed that a lower gene number but higher signal intensity of major genes existed in periodontitis, and a variety of genes involved in virulence factors, amino acid metabolism and glycosaminoglycan and pyrimidine degradation were enriched in periodontitis, suggesting their potential importance in periodontal pathogenesis. However, the genes involved in amino acid synthesis and pyrimidine synthesis exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance compared with healthy group. Overall, this study provides new insights into our understanding of phylogenetic and functional gene structure of subgingival microbial communities of periodontal patients and their importance in pathogenesis of periodontitis.