bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of HDL genetic risk scores on coronary artery calcified plaque and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Heart Study
Authors: Raffield Laura M , Cox Amanda J , Hsu Fang-Chi , Ng Maggie C-Y , Langefeld Carl D , Carr J Jeffrey , Freedman Barry I , Bowden Donald W 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality. Recent studies have assessed the impact of genetic variants affecting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) concentrations on CVD risk in the general population. This study examined the utility of HDL-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for CVD risk prediction in European Americans with T2D enrolled in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS).

Methods
Genetic risk scores (GRS) of HDL-associated SNPs were constructed and evaluated for potential associations with mortality and with coronary artery calcified atherosclerotic plaque (CAC), a measure of subclinical CVD strongly associated with CVD events and mortality. Two sets of SNPs were used to construct GRS; while all SNPs were selected primarily for their impacts on HDL, one set of SNPs had pleiotropic effects on other lipid parameters, while the other set lacked effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) or triglyceride concentrations.

Results
The GRS were specifically associated with HDL concentrations (4.90 × 10-7 < p < 0.02) in models adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), but were not associated with LDL or triglycerides. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis suggested the HDL-associated GRS had no impact on risk of CVD-mortality (0.48 < p < 0.99) in models adjusted for other known CVD risk factors. However, associations between several of the GRS and CAC were observed (3.85 × 10-4 < p < 0.03) in models adjusted for other known CVD risk factors.

Conclusions
The GRS analyzed in this study provide a tool for assessment of HDL-associated SNPs and their impact on CVD risk in T2D. The observed associations between several of the GRS and CAC suggest a potential role for HDL-associated SNPs on subclinical CVD risk in patients with T2D.
Role of SIRT3 in the regulation of redox balance during oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Chen I-Chieh , Chiang Wei-Fan , Liu Shyun-Yeu , Chen Pei-Fen , Chiang Hung-Che 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of NAD-dependent deacetylases, which play an important role in regulating cancer tumorigenesis; however, their role in oral cancer has been controversial. SIRT3 is localized in the mitochondria, where it deacetylates and activates several enzymes involved in cellular redox balance and defense against oxidative damage.

Results
We found that compared with normal human oral keratinocytes (HOK), SIRT3 is highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, but the enzymatic deacetylation is significantly reduced. We also sequenced the entire coding region of SIRT3 and found the same mutation in 2 different OSCC cell lines. This point mutation is located in close proximity to the active site of deacetylase in the SIRT3 protein, and reduces the overall enzymatic efficiency of deacetylation. Furthermore, up-regulation of SIRT3 inhibited the cell growth of OSCCs and decreased the levels of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both OSCC lines. To verify that the SIRT3 sequence variation was associated with oral carcinogenesis, we sequenced the SIRT3 gene from 21 OSCC patients, and 5 of the 21 patients (23.8%) carried the heterozygous missense mutation, p.Val208Ile. The heterozygous missense mutation in these patients was present in gremlin DNA isolated from both normal and tumor tissues.

Conclusions
Our findings provide a valuable insight into the potential role of SIRT3 in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma, by showing that a non-synonymous point mutation in SIRT3 contributes to reduced catalytic activity of the protein and affects redox balance in OSCCs.
Normal sonographic anatomy of the abdomen of coatis (Nasua nasua Linnaeus 1766)
Authors: Ribeiro Rejane G , Costa Ana Paula A , Bragato Nathália , Fonseca Angela M , Duque Juan CM , Prado Tales D , Silva Andrea CR , Borges Naida C 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The use of ultrasound in veterinary medicine is widespread as a diagnostic supplement in the clinical routine of small animals, but there are few reports in wild animals. The objective of this study was to describe the anatomy, topography and abdominal sonographic features of coatis.

Results
The urinary bladder wall measured 0.11 ± 0.03 cm. The symmetrical kidneys were in the left and right cranial quadrant of the abdomen and the cortical, medullary and renal pelvis regions were recognized and in all sections. The medullary rim sign was visualized in the left kidney of two coatis. The liver had homogeneous texture and was in the cranial abdomen under the rib cage. The gallbladder, rounded and filled with anechoic content was visualized in all coatis, to the right of the midline. The spleen was identified in the left cranial abdomen following the greater curvature of the stomach. The parenchyma was homogeneous and hyperechogenic compared to the liver and kidney cortex. The stomach was in the cranial abdomen, limited cranially by the liver and caudo-laterally by the spleen. The left adrenal glands of five coatis were seen in the cranial pole of the left kidney showing hypoechogenic parenchyma without distinction of cortex and medulla. The pancreas was visualized in only two coatis. The left ovary (0.92 cm x 0.56 cm) was visualized on a single coati in the caudal pole of the kidney. The uterus, right adrenal, right ovary and intestines were not visualized.

Conclusions
Ultrasound examination of the abdomen of coatis may be accomplished by following the recommendations for dogs and cats. It is possible to evaluate the anatomical and topographical relationships of the abdominal organs together with the knowledge of the peculiarities of parenchymal echogenicity and echotexture of the viscera.
Structures in solid state and solution of dimethoxy curcuminoids: regioselective bromination and chlorination
Authors: Galer Petra , Golobič Amalija , Koller Jože , Košmrlj Berta , Šket Boris 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundSeveral papers described the structure of curcumin and some other derivatives in solid and in solution. In the crystal structure of curcumin, the enol H atom is located symmetrically between both oxygen atoms of the enolone fragment with an O···O distance of 2.455 Å, which is characteristic for symmetrical H-bonds. In the solution, the geometry of the enolone fragment is attributed to the inherent disorder of the local environment, which solvates one of the basic sites better than the other, stabilizing one tautomer over the other. In this paper, how the position of methoxy groups in dimethoxy curcuminoids influence the conformation of molecules and how the halogen atoms change it when they are bonded at α-position in keto-enol part of molecules is described.ResultsSix isomers of dimethoxy curcuminoids were prepared. Conformations in solid state, which were determined by X-ray single crystallography and1H MAS and13C CPMAS NMR measurements, depend on the position of methoxy groups in curcuminoid molecules. In solution, a fast equilibrium between both keto-enol forms exists. A theoretical calculation finding shows that the position of methoxy groups changes the energy of HOMO and LUMO. An efficient protocol for the highly regioselective bromination and chlorination leading to α-halogenated product has been developed. All α-halogenated compounds are present mainly incisketo-enol form.ConclusionsThe structures in solid state of dimethoxy curcuminoids depend on the position of methoxy groups. The NMR data of crystalline solid samples of 3,4-diOCH3derivative, XRD measurements and X-ray structures lead us to the conclusion that polymorphism exists in solids. The same conclusion can be done for 3,5-diOCH3derivative. In solution, dimethoxy curcuminoids are present in the forms that can be described as the coexistence of two equivalent tautomers being in fast equilibrium. The position of methoxy groups has a small influence on the enolic hydrogen bond. Theoretical calculations show that the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO depend on the position of methoxy groups and are lower in solution. Chlorination and bromination on α-position of 1,3-diketone moiety do not change the preferential form being cis keto-enol as in parent compounds.
Implementing a court diversion and liaison scheme in a remand prison by systematic screening of new receptions: a 6 year participatory action research study of 20,084 consecutive male remands
Authors: McInerney Clare , Davoren Mary , Flynn Grainne , Mullins Diane , Fitzpatrick Mary , Caddow Martin , Caddow Fintan , Quigley Sean , Black Fergal , Kennedy Harry G , O’Neill Conor 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
A mental health needs assessment in the Irish prison population confirmed findings from other jurisdictions showing high prevalence of severe mental illness, including psychosis amongst those newly committed. We implemented a participatory action research approach in order to provide an integrated mental health prison in-reach and court liaison service for this population.

Results
Following extensive consultation, a two stage screening process was developed which was supplemented by an inter-agency referral management system. During the six years 2006–2011, all 20,084 new remands to the main remand prison serving 58% of the national population were screened. Following the first stage screen, 3,195 received a comprehensive psychiatric assessment. Of these 561 (2.8%) had symptoms of psychosis – corresponding to the prior research finding – and 572 were diverted from the criminal justice system to mental health services (89 to a secure forensic hospital, 164 to community mental health hospitals and 319 to other community mental health services).

Conclusions
We have shown that it is possible to match research findings in clinical practice by systematic screening, to sustain this over a long period and to achieve consistent levels of diversion from the criminal justice system to appropriate mental health services. The sustained and consistent performance of the model used is likely to reflect the use of participatory action research both to find the most effective model and to achieve wide ownership and cooperation with the model of care.
The association and predictive value analysis of metabolic syndrome on diastolic heart failure in patients at high risk for coronary artery disease
Authors: Tang Zi-Hui , Zeng Fangfang , Li Zhongtao , Si Yibing , Zhou Linuo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect and predictive value of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on diastolic heart failure (DHF) in patients at high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and methods
We enrolled 261 patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%) who were scheduled to undergo coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia. They were categorized into three groups (non-MetS, pre-MetS and MetS) based on the number of MetS criteria. Echocardiography was used to assess left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. The association between MetS and DHF was assessed by multivariate logistic regression (MLR) analysis (non-DHF patients as reference group) after controlling for confounders. The predictive performance of the MetS severity score (MSS) was evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
A tendency toward increased DHF prevalence with increasing MSS was found (p < 0.001). MLR analysis showed that in patients with an MSS of 1, the odds ratio (OR) of DHF was 1.60 (95% confidence interval-CI, 1.19–2.16; p = 0.02) compared to non-DHF patients; in patients with MSS ≥4, the OR was 6.61 (95% CI, 4.90–8.90; p < 0.001) compared to non-DHF patients. MSSs strongly predicted DHF (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.66–0.78, p < 0.001). MLR with MetS components as binary variables showed that blood pressure (BP) and triglycerides (TGs) were significantly associated with DHF (P = 0.001 and 0.043, respectively).

Conclusion
Our findings signify that MetS and its components of BP or TG were associated with DHF in high-risk CAD patients. DHF prevalence tends to increase with increasing MSS that has a high value in predicting DHF in high-risk CAD patients.
Rice genes involved in phytosiderophore biosynthesis are synchronously regulated during the early stages of iron deficiency in roots
Authors: Itai Reiko Nakanishi , Ogo Yuko , Kobayashi Takanori , Nakanishi Hiromi , Nishizawa Naoko K 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The rice transcription factors IDEF1, IDEF2, and OsIRO2 have been identified as key regulators of the genes that control iron (Fe) uptake, including the biosynthesis of mugineic acid-family phytosiderophores (MAs). To clarify the onset of Fe deficiency, changes in gene expression were examined by microarray analysis using rice roots at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36 h after the onset of Fe-deficiency treatment.

Results
More than 1000 genes were found to be upregulated over a time course of 36 h. Expression of MAs-biosynthetic genes, OsIRO2, and the Fe3+–MAs complex transporter OsYSL15 was upregulated at the 24 h and 36 h time points. Moreover, these genes showed very similar patterns of expression changes, but their expression patterns were completely different from those of a metallothionein gene (OsIDS1) and the Fe2+-transporter genes OsIRT1 and OsIRT2. OsIDS1 expression was upregulated by the 6 h time point. The early induction of OsIDS1 expression was distinct from the other Fe-deficiency-inducible genes investigated and suggested a functional relationship with heavy-metal homeostasis during the early stages of Fe deficiency.

Conclusions
We showed that many genes related to MAs biosynthesis and transports were regulated by a distinct mechanism in roots. Furthermore, differences in expression changes and timing in response to Fe deficiency implied that different combinations of gene regulation mechanisms control the initial responses to Fe deficiency.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life After Adjuvant Zoledronic Acid: An Adjuvant Zoledronic Acid to Reduce Recurrence Trial Subprotocol (BIG01/04)
Authors: Rathbone Emma J. , Brown Janet E. , Marshall Helen C. , Collinson Michelle , Liversedge Victoria , Murden Geraldine A. , Cameron David , Bell Richard , Spensley Saiqa , Agrawal Rajiv , Jyothirmayi Rema , Chakraborti Prabir , Yuille Frances , Coleman Robert E. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose In patients with early breast cancer, adjuvant zoledronic acid (zoledronate) may reduce recurrence and improve survival. However, zoledronate is associated with the occasional development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). We report on the frequency of ONJ and investigate oral health–related quality of life (Oral-QoL) in a large randomized trial (Adjuvant Zoledronic Acid to Reduce Recurrence [AZURE]). Patients and Methods Three thousand three hundred sixty women with stage II or III breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive standard adjuvant systemic therapy alone or with zoledronate administered at a dose of 4 mg for 19 doses over 5 years. All potential occurrences of ONJ were reported as serious adverse events and centrally reviewed. Additionally, we invited 486 study participants to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) to assess Oral-QoL around the time the patients completed 5 years on study. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate mean scores and 95% CIs in addition to identifying independent prognostic factors. Results With a median follow-up time of 73.9 months (interquartile range, 60.7 to 84.2 months), 33 possible cases of ONJ were reported, all in the zoledronate-treated patients. Twenty-six cases were confirmed as being consistent with a diagnosis of ONJ, representing a cumulative incidence of 2.1% (95% CI, 0.9% to 3.3%) in the zoledronate arm. Three hundred sixty-two patients (74%) returned the OHIP-14 questionnaire. Neither the prevalence nor severity of impacts on Oral-QoL differed significantly between zoledronate patients and control patients. Conclusion Adjuvant zoledronate used in the intensive schedule studied in the AZURE trial is associated with a low incidence of ONJ but does not seem to adversely affect Oral-QoL.
Life, Luck, and How I Became a Historian
Authors: Socolow Susan M. 
Published: June 2013

Before I begin, I want to thank the Conference on Latin American History [CLAH] and the Distinguished Service Award Committee for giving me this signal honor. This organization has always been important to me, and it's really nice to know tiiat it thinks I've been important to it.The last talk I gave to CLAH was in Atlanta five years ago. I told the story of one man, Santiago de Liniers, and his good and bad fortune. Just as for Liniers, luck has played a huge role in my life.
Role of Aspect Ratio and Joule Heating within the Fluid Region Near a Cylindrical Electrode in Electrokinetic Remediation: A Numerical Solution based on the Boundary Layer Model
Authors: Oyanader Mario A. , Arce Pedro E. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the analysis of the hydrodynamics taking place near an electrode of cylindrical geometry in electrokinetic applications. Both the temperature development conditions and Joule heating effect are included. A boundary layer approach has been used to model the hydrodynamic in the system. This is based on the heat transfer model, the continuity equation, and the Navier–Stokes equation. The resulting set of two partial differential equations mutually coupled is solved applying the Von Karman integral approximation. A numerical solution of the differential–integral model is used to illustrate the behavior of the systems under a variety of conditions.
Assessment Practices of Multi-disciplinary School Team Members in Determining Special Education Services for English Language Learners
Authors: Sadowski Garrett , O’Neill Rob , Bermingham Doug 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Multidisciplinary team members were surveyed to identify the frequency with which they use recommended assessment practices, how they interpret assessment information, and their confidence working with English Language Learners (ELLs) for the purpose of determining possible eligibility to receive special education services. Results of this study support the idea that recommendations from the literature are being increasingly put into practice by professionals working directly with students. Findings also indicate that professionals benefit from higher education and in-service trainings that focus specifically on issues relating to the assessment of ELLs for the determination of possible provision of special education services. Furthermore, results support the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration.
Scapular Kinematics and Muscle Activities during Pushing Tasks
Authors: Huang Chun‐Kai , Siu Ka‐Chun , Lien Hen‐Yu , Lee Yun‐Ju , Lin Yang‐Hua 
Published: June 2013

Scapular Kinematics and Muscle Activities during Pushing Tasks: Chun‐Kai HUANG, et al. Division of Physical Therapy Education, School of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA—ObjectivesPushing tasks are functional activities of daily living. However, shoulder complaints exist among workers exposed to regular pushing conditions. It is crucial to investigate the control of shoulder girdles during pushing tasks. The objective of the study was to demonstrate scapular muscle activities and motions on the dominant side during pushing tasks and the relationship between scapular kinematics and muscle activities in different pushing conditions.MethodsThirty healthy adults were recruited to push a four‐wheel cart in six pushing conditions. The electromyographic signals of the upper trapezius (UT) and serratus anterior (SA) muscles were recorded. A video‐based system was used for measuring the movement of the shoulder girdle and scapular kinematics. Differences in scapular kinematics and muscle activities due to the effects of handle heights and weights of the cart were analyzed using two‐wayANOVAwith repeated measures. The relationships between scapular kinematics and muscle activities were examined by Pearson's correlation coefficients.ResultsThe changes in upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscle activities increased significantly with increased pushing weights in the one‐step pushing phase. The UT/SA ratio on the dominant side decreases significantly with increased handle heights in the one‐step pushing phase. The changes in upward rotation, lateral slide and elevation of the scapula decreased with increased pushing loads in the trunk‐forward pushing phase.ConclusionsThis study indicated that increased pushing loads result in decreased motions of upward rotation, lateral slide and elevation of the scapula; decreased handle heights result in relatively increased activities of the serratus anterior muscles during pushing tasks.
Change in Lung Function over Time in Male Metropolitan Firefighters and General Population Controls: A 3‐year Follow‐up Study
Authors: Schermer Tjard R. , Malbon Winifred , Adams Robert , Morgan Michael , Smith Michael , Crockett Alan J. 
Published: June 2013

Change in Lung Function over Time in Male Metropolitan Firefighters and General Population Controls: A 3‐year Follow‐up Study: Tjard R. SCHERMER, et al. Discipline of General Practice, School of Population Health, The University of Adelaide, AustraliaObjectivePrevious studies in firefighters have been contradictory regarding their course of lung function over time. The aim of this ongoing study is to investigate how changes in lung function over time in male metropolitan firefighters compare with those in population controls, and to explore associations between firefightersï¿½ use of personal respiratory protection devices during occupational exposures and their risk of accelerated lung function decline.MethodsA prospective comparison of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) was performed between 281 firefighters and 933 population controls. Logistic regression models were used to compare changes from baseline of FEV1 and FVC after 3 years and risk of accelerated decline between the cohorts. Within the firefighter cohort, risk of accelerated decline was compared between subgroups based on use of respiratory protection devices.ResultsControls showed similar mean annual declines for FEV1 and FVC across age categories, whereas firefighters aged <45 years showed increasing values over time (p=0.040). Firefighters had a lower odds of accelerated FEV1 decline compared with controls (OR=0.60, 95%CI 0.44; 0.83), but firefighters who never or rarely used respiratory protection during fire knockdown had a higher odds of accelerated FEV1 decline compared with those who used it often or frequently (OR=2.20, 95%CI 1.02; 4.74). Conclusions: Younger generations of firefighters showed an increase in lung function relative to older colleagues, while population controls consistently showed decline of lung function across all ages. Firefighters who reported to be incompliant in using respiratory protection showed an increased risk of accelerated FEV1 decline.