bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Palearctic bee species of <i>Protosmia</i> subgenus <i>Nanosmia</i> (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
Authors: Griswold Terry 
Published: January 2015

Bees of the genus Protosmia subgenus Nanosmia are not well known. Three new species are described and figured for both sexes: Protosmia (Nanosmia) hamulifera Griswold, new species, from the Arabian Peninsula, P. (N.) schwarzi Griswold, new species, from Morocco and Tunisia, and P. (N.) trifida Griswold, new species, from Turkey. An updated diagnosis and new distributional records are provided for the recently described P. (N.) montana Müller. The species is recorded for the first time from Turkey and Tadjikistan.
Revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus <i>Cleptommation</i> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

The cleptoparasitic bee genus Cleptommation Engel, Brooks, & Yanega, new status (Halictinae: Augochlorini), is revised. In addition to the type species, Cleptommation minutum (Friese), new combination, the following new species are recognized: C. bulivyense Engel, new species, C. tupaqi Engel, new species, and C. chibchani Engel, new species. A lectotype is designated for C. minutum and a key to the species is provided.
The bees of Early Eocene Cambay amber (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Ortega-Blanco Jaime , Nascimbene Paul C. , Singh Hukam 
Published: January 2015

The fauna of bees known from Early Eocene (Ypresian) Cambay amber are reviewed. Presently only three species have been recovered, all from among the corbiculate Apinae and representing the extinct tribes Electrapini and Melikertini, and all from genera known from the slightly younger middle Eocene Baltic amber. A single, poorly-preserved and fragmentary female of an unidentifiable species of Protobombus Cockerell is recorded. Two new species of the genus Melikertes Engel are documented, one representing a new subgenus, Paramelikertes Engel & Ortega-Blanco, as is a third, fragmentary melikertine of uncertain identity. The new species are Melikertes (Paramelikertes) gujaratensis Engel & Ortega-Blanco, new species, and M. (Melikertes) kamboja Engel & Ortega-Blanco, new species.
<i>Journal of Melittology</i>: First year ‘abuzz’
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Gonzalez Victor H. , Michener Charles D. 
Published: January 2015

The Journal of Melittology celebrates its first year of activity. In total 26 articles were published comprising 243 pages, and including accounts historical and biographical interest, biological and biogeographic notes, and the description of 19 new species, two new subgenera, and three new genera in 2013.
A new species of <i>Liphanthus</i> from Peru (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors: Gonzalez Victor H. , Rasmussen Claus , Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

The protandrenine bee genus Liphanthus Reed (Panurginae: Protandrenini) is currently known from Chile and Argentina. Liphanthus (Melaliphanthus) cuscoensis Gonzalez, Rasmussen, & Engel, new species, is described and figured from a male collected in Cusco, Peru, at 4167 meters of elevation. This finding represents the northernmost record for the genus and the fourth protandrenine species described from Peru. An updated key to the species of the subgenus Melaliphanthus Ruz & Toro is provided.
The bee genus <i>Caenaugochlora</i> in Venezuela (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

Two new species of the augochlorine bee genus Caenaugochlora Michener are described and figured. Caenaugochlora (Caenaugochlora) elpidia Engel, new species, and C. (C.) pantochlora Engel, new species, are the first formally described species of their genus from Venezuela. The new species, both from Aragua, can be distinguished from other members of the subgenus by their coloration and pattern of integumental sculpturing.
A new species of <i>Ptiloglossa</i> from Mexico, with new records of <i>Ptiloglossa cyaniventris</i> from Panama and Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Authors: Ayala Ricardo , Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

A new bee species of the genus Ptiloglossa Smith (Colletidae: Diphaglossinae: Caupolicanini) is described and figured from Jalisco, Mexico, while new records are provided for Ptiloglossa cyaniventris Friese from Panama and a single locality in Costa Rica. Ptiloglossa chamelensis Ayala & Engel, new species, is endemic to Mexico and is close to P. rugata Moure, both sharing a similar shape in the fused metatibial spur, but in the new species the metatibia is widest at the level of the spur, and the female has black integument with dense yellow pubescence on metasomal terga I–IV. Ptiloglossa cyaniventris is newly recorded from males collected in Panama and Costa Rica and is characteristic for its dark integument, with intense metallic blue highlights on the metasomal terga, the narrow and long metatibia, and elongate metabasitarsus with an anterior, longitudinal ridge and slightly depressed outer surface.
Revision of the orchid bee subgenus <i>Euglossella</i> (Hymenoptera: Apidae), part II: The <i>viridis</i> and <i>mandibularis</i> species groups
Authors: Hinojosa-Díaz Ismael A. , Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

The second and final part of a revision of the subgenus Euglossella Moure in the orchid bee genus Euglossa Latreille (Apinae: Euglossini) is presented here, redefining the species groups within it to comply with current morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses. We present a fully illustrated account of the species comprising the newly defined viridis and mandibularis species groups, with comparable diagnoses for all species, keys to the new scheme of species groups within the subgenus, and keys for males and females to the species of the two groups here treated. The viridis group as presented here is composed of 12 species, five of them newly described — Euglossa (Euglossella) celiae Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) subandina Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) cetera Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) cupella Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, and E. (E.) ashei Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species — and one resurrected from synonymy as E. (E.) azurea Ducke. Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty), E. (E.) cyanea Friese, E. (E.) polita Ducke, E. (E.) perviridis Dressler, E. (E.) cyanura Cockerell, and E. (E.) granti Cheesman comprise the remaining species within the group. Females of E. perviridis are described for the first time. The mandibularis group includes three species — E. (E.) mandibularis Friese, E. (E.) bigibba Dressler, and E. (E.) perfulgens Moure. In total, considering the six species previously included in the decorata group, the subgenus now includes a total of 21 species. New country records are presented for E. viridis, E. perviridis, and E. mandibularis. Notes on morphological variation and distribution are included as is a summary of known chemical attractants and floral substrates.
A new stingless bee species of the genus <i>Nogueirapis</i> from Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Ayala Ricardo , Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

A new stingless bee species of the genus Nogueirapis Moure (Apinae: Meliponini) is described and figured. Nogueirapis costaricana Ayala & Engel, new species, is distinguished from its congeners, particularly N. mirandula (Cockerell), a species also known from the Pacific forests of Costa Rica. A key to the species of Nogueirapis, based on the worker caste, is provided.
A new species of <i>Thyreus</i> from northern Cameroon (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

A new species of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Thyreus Panzer (Apinae: Melectini) is described and figured from two females captured near Garoua in northern Cameroon. Thyreus garouensis Engel, new species, is distinguished from other African Thyreus with pallid pastel blue pubescence. The species is most similar to T. scotaspis (Vachal), but can be distinguished on the basis of its pattern of coloration/pubescence and form of the mesoscutellum.
Evaluation of Snake Gourd (Trichasanthes Anguina L) Test Hybrids Comparing with Four Popular Checks
Authors: Haque M.M. , Uddin M. S. , Mehraj H. , Uddin AFM Jamal 
Published: January 2015

An experiment was conducted at Research and Development (Vegetable) Farm, Supreme Seed Company Limited, Mymensingh in 20th March to 14th June, 2013 to evaluate performance of eight snake gourd genotypes. Among snake gourd genotypes four were test hybrid viz. SG1001, SG1002, SG1003 and SG1004 (from the seven inbreed lines) and four were checks (three from local market and one from BADC) viz. SUPREMA, RUNNER, SURMA, ZUM LONG. Wide ranges of variability were found in the studied characters among the genotypes. Maximum total number of fruits was found from SUPREMA (235.3/plot) which was statistically similar to RUNNER (201.3/plot) while minimum from ZUM LONG (24.7/plot) that was used as check. SG1002 genotype provided maximum marketable yield (49.6 kg/plot) and minimum from ZUM LONG (30.7 kg/plot). SUPREMA, SG1002, SG1001 and RUNNER genotypes showed better performance in respect of number of fruits/plant, fruit length, individual fruit weight, yield/plot and some other characters. Flowering period was significantly correlated with yield contributing characters. Number of fruits/plant, total number of fruits/plot and individual fruit weight was significantly positively correlated with yield of snake gourd. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11302Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 525-528
Disparities in clinical and economic outcomes in children and adolescents following surgery for tethered cord syndrome in the United States
Authors: Shweikeh Faris , Al-Khouja Lutfi , Nuño Miriam , Johnson J. Patrick , Drazin Doniel , Adamo Matthew A. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a common spinal abnormality. In this study, the authors analyzed demographics, complications, and outcomes in children and adolescents who underwent surgery for TCS.

METHODS
Using the national Kids' Inpatient Database (KID), the authors retrospectively identified patients with a primary diagnosis of TCS who were treated with spinal laminectomy and discharged in 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009. Descriptive analysis was provided for patient- and hospital-level characteristics. Mortality, complications, non-routine discharges, in-hospital length of stay (LOS), and total charges were documented for the entire cohort and age-specific cohorts (0–5, 6–10, 11–15, and 16–20 years). Comparisons by complications and age groups were conducted.

RESULTS
A total of 7397 children and adolescents met the criteria in the 4 studied years. The mean age was 5.7 years; 55.3% of patients were younger than 5 years, 21.5% were 6–10 years, and 16.2% were 11–15 years. Most surgeries were performed in patients who were female (55.0%) and white (64.4%) and were performed at large (49.8%), teaching (94.2%), and urban (99.1%) children's (89.3%) hospitals. The trend showed an increase in prevalence from 2000 (19.9%) to 2009 (29.6%). Common comorbidities included anomalies in spinal curvature (16.7%), urinary or bladder dysfunction (14.3%), and spinal stenosis/spondylosis (1.4%). Non-routine discharges (3.3%) were significantly higher with advancing age, increasing from 2.2% in those younger than 5 years to 9.0% in those older than 15 years (p < 0.0001). There was a similar increasing trend for complications (6.8% to 13.9%, respectively, p < 0.0001) and average LOS (3.5 to 5.1 days, respectively, p < 0.0001). Hospital charges increased with age from an average of $28,521 in those younger than 5 years to $36,855 in those older than 15 years (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
There was a steady trend of increasing operative treatment for TCS over the more recent years. The nationwide analysis was also indicative of an existing disparity, based on age, in complications, outcomes, and charges following TCS surgical correction. Older children tended to have more complications, longer LOS, more non-routine discharges, and higher hospital costs. The results are highly supportive of surgery at a younger age for this condition. Future research should investigate this correlation, especially considering the efforts to control and reduce health care costs.
Cancer statistics, 2015
Authors: Siegel Rebecca L. , Miller Kimberly D. , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEach year the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data were collected by the National Cancer Institute (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER] Program), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (National Program of Cancer Registries), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. A total of 1,658,370 new cancer cases and 589,430 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States in 2015. During the most recent 5 years for which there are data (2007‐2011), delay‐adjusted cancer incidence rates (13 oldest SEER registries) declined by 1.8% per year in men and were stable in women, while cancer death rates nationwide decreased by 1.8% per year in men and by 1.4% per year in women. The overall cancer death rate decreased from 215.1 (per 100,000 population) in 1991 to 168.7 in 2011, a total relative decline of 22%. However, the magnitude of the decline varied by state, and was generally lowest in the South (∼15%) and highest in the Northeast (≥20%). For example, there were declines of 25% to 30% in Maryland, New Jersey, Massachusetts, New York, and Delaware, which collectively averted 29,000 cancer deaths in 2011 as a result of this progress. Further gains can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:5–29. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Application of ITS2 metabarcoding to determine the provenance of pollen collected by honey bees in an agroecosystem
Authors: Richardson Rodney T. , Lin Chia‐Hua , Sponsler Douglas B. , Quijia Juan O. , Goodell Karen , Johnson Reed M. 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: Melissopalynology, the identification of bee‐collected pollen, provides insight into the flowers exploited by foraging bees. Information provided by melissopalynology could guide floral enrichment efforts aimed at supporting pollinators, but it has rarely been used because traditional methods of pollen identification are laborious and require expert knowledge. We approach melissopalynology in a novel way, employing a molecular method to study the pollen foraging of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in a landscape dominated by field crops, and compare these results to those obtained by microscopic melissopalynology.• Methods: Pollen was collected from honey bee colonies in Madison County, Ohio, USA, during a two‐week period in midspring and identified using microscopic methods and ITS2 metabarcoding.• Results: Metabarcoding identified 19 plant families and exhibited sensitivity for identifying the taxa present in large and diverse pollen samples relative to microscopy, which identified eight families. The bulk of pollen collected by honey bees was from trees (Sapindaceae, Oleaceae, and Rosaceae), although dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and mustard (Brassicaceae) pollen were also abundant.• Discussion: For quantitative analysis of pollen, using both metabarcoding and microscopic identification is superior to either individual method. For qualitative analysis, ITS2 metabarcoding is superior, providing heightened sensitivity and genus‐level resolution.
Wicksell, keynes et hicks ou les avatars du processus cumulatif
Authors: Chauveau Thierry 
Published: January 2015

Résumé Cette étude est consacrée à une réévaluation des tentatives d’explication du lien entre taux d’intérêt et niveau général des prix, avancées successivement par Wicksell, par Keynes et par Hicks en termes de processus cumulatif. Nous conservons, en toile de fond et comme référence principale, l’explication concurrente : celle d’Irving Fisher. Nous nous efforçons de retracer l’histoire des idées qui sont à l’origine du concept de processus cumulatif et nous nous attachons à porter un jugement sur son intérêt théorique et empirique ainsi que sur celui d’économie de "pur crédit" ou d’économie "d’endettement".
La nouvelle histoire de la pensée économique ou la division du travail dans l'histoire de la pensée économique
Authors: Ponsonnet Jean-Marc , Rieucau Jean-Nicolas 
Published: January 2015

Résumé Outre l’envergure inégalée de son champ d’investigation, la grande qualité de la Nouvelle Histoire de la Pensée Économique réside dans la finesse de la plupart des analyses qui y sont menées, résultat de la collaboration d’une trentaine de spécialistes. Cette écriture à plusieurs mains a cependant sa contrepartie, dans la mesure où, à l’exception des éditeurs, aucun des auteurs ayant participé à cet ouvrage ne l’a manifestement lu dans son intégralité : certaines répétitions, des renvois peu fréquents entre les commentaires et, enfin, une disparité critique prononcée dans le traitement des littératures primaires et secondaires, ne permettent pas au lecteur d’accéder aisément à une approche compréhensive et transversale de l’histoire de la pensée économique ici relatée. Néanmoins, s’il est avisé, il y trouvera une quantité considérable d’informations précises et d’études approfondies.
Two views of the lender of last resort: Thornton and Bagehot
Authors: Laidler David 
Published: January 2015

Résumé Henry Thornton et Walter Bagehot furent tous les deux partisans du rôle de prêteur en dernier ressort de la banque d’Angleterre, mais ils différaient sur les détails de sa mise en œuvre. Alors que Bagehot pensait que ce rôle était uniquement le produit de ses privilèges particuliers de monopole, Thornton le considérait comme l’aboutissement nécessaire du développement des activités bancaires ; alors que Bagehot localisait le rôle particulier des banques sur le marché du crédit, Thornton soulignait l’importance du passif du bilan du système bancaire ; alors que pour Bagehot la convertibilité en or était intangible, Thornton voulait la mettre en balance avec la nécessité de la stabilité monétaire.
L'idée d'association chez Alexis de Tocqueville
Authors: Ferraton Cyrille 
Published: January 2015

Résumé L’idée d’association est omniprésente dans les écrits d’A. de Tocqueville. Importante dans les deux volumes de De la démocratie en Amérique , publiés respectivement en 1835 et 1840, elle l’est aussi dans les textes de la même période qu’A. de Tocqueville consacre au paupérisme. L’association est définie comme un procédé économique susceptible d’apporter une réponse efficace à la question sociale. Ce texte se propose de rendre compte de cette pensée de l’association en distinguant d’une part, les solutions proposées au problème du paupérisme, et d’autre part, la doctrine de l’« intérêt bien entendu » qui la sous-tend.
The political business cycle at sixty: towards a neo-kaleckian understanding of political economy?
Authors: Olters Jan-Peter 
Published: January 2015

Résumé Il y a soixante ans, Kalecki (1943) introduisait dans les sciences économiques le concept du cycle conjoncturel politique, en insistant sur le fait que l’individualisme économique influençait non seulement le comportement politique de chaque individu mais aussi la croissance économique globale. Depuis lors, une littérature étendue, remarquablement hétérogène, s’est développée. En s’unifiant, elle a favorisé, tout d’abord, l’émergence d’une analyse interdisciplinaire des problèmes économiques et des questions de redistribution de richesse et a permis, par la suite, d’intégrer la branche « non-marchande » de l’économie politique au reste de la discipline. En faisant l’examen critique des notions acquises par les économistes depuis lors, cet article place dans un contexte plus large ces innovations récentes de la recherche qui sont reprises de l’analyse kaleckienne, selon laquelle les conflits personnels sont la principale explication du comportement politique et de la croissance économique — en laissant prévoir le développement d’une théorie économique « positive » de la politique, qui devrait intégrer pleinement les décisions des électeurs, des partis politiques et des gouvernements à celles des consommateurs et des entreprises.
Claude-Henri de Saint-Simon, l'industrialisme et les banquiers
Authors: Yonnet Franck 
Published: January 2015

Résumé La problématique de l’organisation de la société par la banque structure le projet politique de Saint-Simon. Cependant, les fonctions bancaires sont différentes dans l’ancien « système métaphysique et féodal » et le nouveau « système scientifique et industriel ». Cette mutation des fonctions bancaires constitue un indice permettant de redéfinir l’« industrialisme » de Saint-Simon : un corporatisme centralisé décrit une économie non monétaire qui se distingue des dispositifs institutionnels traditionnels.
Dimensions axiologique, épistémologique et cognitive de la délibération publique
Authors: Bouvier Alban 
Published: January 2015

Résumé Le but de cet article est d’examiner la portée d’une analyse distinguant, dans des échanges d’arguments de nature politique, trois types de dimensions : axiologique, épistémique et cognitive. La première dimension invite, en prenant son point de départ dans certaines critiques explicites ou implicites de la théorie du choix rationnel en sociologie (Hirschman, Boltanski et Thévenot, etc.), à envisager d’autres motifs de l’action que le simple intérêt matériel, souvent seul considéré dans les études d’économie appliquée. La seconde dimension, mise en évidence essentiellement par le courant de la social epistemology, révèle la présence de conflits de nature proprement épistémologique, même dans des débats très ordinaires (par exemple sur la valeur des rapports d’experts). On se demande finalement dans quelle mesure il convient d’introduire une troisième dimension considérant, au-delà du débat entre des acteurs mettant en jeu des raisons épistémologiques, des processus cognitifs inconscients (du type framing) exerçant une influence autonome sur la dynamique du débat. L’exemple d’un récent débat public mis en place dans le cadre de la loi Barnier 1995, destinée à expérimenter un mode de gouvernance plus participatif, est examiné sous ce triple point de vue.
Les monnaies de la république. Un retour sur les idées monétaires de Jean Bodin
Authors: Blanc Jérôme 
Published: January 2015

Résumé Les écrits monétaires de Bodin portent principalement sur le rapport des monnaies à la souveraineté. Bodin cherche à concevoir un système de monnaies à l’épreuve des contrefaçons, altérations et dégradations. Après avoir exposé sa conception de la monnaie et de la fausse monnaie, on expose la façon dont Bodin cherche à contraindre l’exercice de la souveraineté monétaire : en soumettant la manipulation des monnaies non à la loi mais au contrat, en construisant un système de monnaies idéal et en définitive en définissant une contrainte internationale. La souveraineté monétaire, absolue dans son principe, apparaît ainsi contrainte dans son exercice.
L'opposition entre Menger et Böhm-Bawerk sur la théorie du capital et de la production
Authors: Ravix Jacques-Laurent 
Published: January 2015

Résumé L’article propose un nouveau point de vue sur l’opposition fameuse entre Menger et Böhm-Bawerk, présentée généralement comme une opposition entre une vision « subjectiviste » et une vision "matérialiste" du capital et de la production. A partir d’une confrontation des textes des deux auteurs, nous montrons que Böhm-Bawerk est en fait un partisan quasi-dogmatique de la conception réaliste de Menger sur la production capitalistique et de sa théorie de l’imputation des valeurs des biens de consommation à celle des biens de production. En cherchant à concilier ces deux aspects, Böhm-Bawerk révèle cependant les contradictions inhérentes à la méthode autrichienne.