bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular condylectomy in a standing horse for treatment for osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Sanders R. E. , Schumacher J. , Brama P. A. J. , Zarelli M. , Kearney C. M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAn Irish Sport Horse mare presented for evaluation and treatment of inability to masticate effectively with subsequent severe weight loss. A slowly expanding, firm, nonpainful mass was noted at the left temporomandibular joint. Radiographic examination revealed extensive osteoarthritic changes of this joint. Due to the age and debilitated condition of the horse, along with financial constraints on the owner's behalf, the decision was made to perform a mandibular condylectomy as a standing procedure using sedation and local and regional anaesthesia techniques. The mare tolerated the procedure very well and post operatively improved significantly.
Management of chronic airway inflammation in the horse: A systematic review
Authors: Ivester K. M. , Couëtil L. L. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this article is to review available scientific reports on recurrent airway obstruction and inflammatory airway disease treatment efficacy. Critical evaluation of the quality and limitations of the evidence provided should provide equine practitioners with the tools to apply the latest scientific data to the management of individual clinical cases. While a large body of clinical research supports the efficacy of low‐dust environmental management and corticosteroid administration in the treatment of recurrent airway obstruction, limited clinical trials exist to evaluate the treatment of inflammatory airway disease.
Influence of surface recrystallization on the low cycle fatigue behaviour of a single crystal superalloy
Authors: Ma X. , Shi H.‐J. , Gu J. , Yang Z. , Chen G. , Luesebrink O. , Harders H. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper investigated the effect of surface recrystallization (RX) on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviour of a single crystal (SX) superalloy. LCF tests on both raw and recrystallized samples showed that fatigue life was significantly reduced by surface RX. Fractography indicated that fatigue cracks initiated from the casting defects in RX layer and multiple crack initiations were commonly observed. Moreover, RX grains exhibited predominantly transgranular cracking, in contrast to the intergranular fracture reported in literature. The fatigue crack propagation behaviour was discussed in light of fracture mechanics and crack growth life model. The fatigue cycles required to penetrate RX layer were estimated to be about one magnitude lower than that in forming an equivalent crack in SX specimens. It is suggested that the earlier crack initiation and promoted crack propagation in RX layer, as well as the trend of multiple initiations, are responsible for the fatigue degradation by RX.
Role of machining defects and residual stress on the AISI 304 fatigue crack nucleation
Authors: Yahyaoui H. , Ben Moussa N. , Braham C. , Ben Fredj N. , Sidhom H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMachining defects as rebuilt material and dislodgement were often induced by cutting of difficult to machining AISI 304 stainless steel. Their density increases with a decreasing of cutting speed. The effect of these defects on surface topography and residual stress was evaluated by roughness and X‐ray diffraction measurements coupled with numerical simulation. The role of the rebuilt material on the distribution of fatigue crack nucleation sites was investigated by scanning electron microscope examination of post fatigue samples loaded at different imposed strain amplitudes. The association of machining defects and fatigue crack nucleation sites was attributed to the contribution of additional tensile residual stresses induced by rebuilt material rather than local stress concentration. Moreover, the fatigue crack coalescence is promoted by increasing the rebuilt material density. When the machining defect density increases from 5 to 60 particles/mm2, the fatigue life decreases from −22% to −65% with respect to the electropolished surface.
The dynamic interplay between saline fluid flow and rock permeability in magmatic‐hydrothermal systems
Authors: Weis P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMagmatic‐hydrothermal ore deposits document the interplay between saline fluid flow and rock permeability. Numerical simulations of multiphase flow of variably miscible, compressible H2O–NaCl fluids in concert with a dynamic permeability model can reproduce characteristics of porphyry copper and epithermal gold systems. This dynamic permeability model uses values between 10−22 and 10−13 m2, incorporating depth‐dependent permeability profiles characteristic for tectonically active crust as well as pressure‐ and temperature‐dependent relationships describing hydraulic fracturing and the transition from brittle to ductile rock behavior. In response to focused expulsion of magmatic fluids from a crystallizing upper crustal magma chamber, the hydrothermal system self‐organizes into a hydrological divide, separating an inner part dominated by ascending magmatic fluids under near‐lithostatic pressures from a surrounding outer part dominated by convection of colder meteoric fluids under near‐hydrostatic pressures. This hydrological divide also provides a mechanism to transport magmatic salt through the crust. With a volcano at the surface above the hydrothermal system, topography‐driven flow reverses the direction of the meteoric convection as compared to a flat surface, leading to discharge at distances of up to 7 km from the volcanic center. The same physical processes at similar permeability ranges, crustal depths, and flow rates are relevant for a number of active systems, including geothermal resources and excess degassing at volcanos. The simulations further suggest that the described mechanism can separate the base of free convection in high‐enthalpy geothermal systems from the magma chamber as a driving heat source by several kilometers in the vertical direction in tectonic settings with hydrous magmatism. These root zones of high‐enthalpy systems may serve as so‐called super‐critical geothermal resources. This hydrology would be in contrast to settings with anhydrous magmatism, where the base of the geothermal systems may be closer to the magma chamber.
Factors associated with self‐rated oral health among community‐dwelling older Japanese: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ohara Yuki , Hirano Hirohiko , Watanabe Yutaka , Obuchi Shuichi , Yoshida Hideyo , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ihara Kazushige , Kawai Hisashi , Mataki Shiro 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesA cross‐sectional study was carried out to investigate the determinants of self‐rated oral health among community‐dwelling older people in Japan.MethodsThe participants were 897 (357 men and 540 women) aged 65 years and over who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination, which included an oral examination, a face‐to‐face interview assessing cognitive function, questionnaires regarding depressive symptoms and functional capacity, and a medical examination. The oral examination measured indices of oral health status: number of present teeth, number of functional teeth, occlusal force and amount of resting saliva. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the factors associated with poor self‐rated oral health.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 73.5 ± 5.0 years. The prevalence of poor and rather poor self‐rated oral health was 11.5% and 29.5%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the number of present teeth (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.95–0.99), difficulty in mastication (OR 3.20, CI 2.18–4.70), presence of xerostomia (OR 1.43, CI 1.02–2.01), total score on the MoCA‐J (OR 1.06, CI 1.01–1.11), and reduction in frequency of leaving the house (OR 1.64, CI 1.12–2.41) were significantly associated with poor self‐rated oral health.ConclusionsThe present results suggested that self‐rated oral health was a significant factor in oral health status as well as overall well‐being among community‐dwelling older Japanese people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 755–761.
Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test is superior to the Wechsler Memory Scale in discriminating mild cognitive impairment from Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lemos Raquel , Cunha Catarina , Marôco João , Afonso Ana , Simões Mário R , Santana Isabel 
Published: September 2014

AimThe Logical Memory (LM) and the Verbal Paired Associative Learning (VPAL) are subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale commonly used to characterize the memory deficit of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) was suggested to assess the memory impairment of AD spectrum patients by the International Working Group on AD. In the present study, we compared the properties of the tests and their accuracy in classifying aMCI and AD.MethodsA group of aMCI patients (n = 85) and AD patients (n = 43) were included. The reliability and the validity of the three tests were analyzed.ResultsAD patients showed a significant pattern of worse impairment on all tests than aMCI. The FCSRT was able to classify more patients as having memory impairment in the aMCI group rather than the WMS subtests. The FCSRT proved to be good in discriminating the two groups in both lower and higher educational levels, whereas the LM was more useful in higher educated patients.ConclusionsAlthough the instruments had good results, the FCSRT was more accurate in discriminating MCI from AD, and less influenced by the educational level. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 961–968.
Calf circumference as a surrogate marker of muscle mass for diagnosing sarcopenia inJapanese men and women
Authors: Kawakami Ryoko , Murakami Haruka , Sanada Kiyoshi , Tanaka Noriko , Sawada Susumu S , Tabata Izumi , Higuchi Mitsuru , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: September 2014

AimTo examine the relationship between calf circumference and muscle mass, and to evaluate the suitability of calf circumference as a surrogate marker of muscle mass for the diagnosis of sarcopenia among middle‐aged and olderJapanese men and women.MethodsA total of 526 adults aged 40–89 years participated in the present cross‐sectional study. The maximum calf circumference was measured in a standing position. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual‐energyX‐ray absorptiometry, and the skeletal muscle index was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the square of the height (kg/m2). The cut‐off values for sarcopenia were defined as a skeletal muscle index of less than −2 standard deviations of the mean value for Japanese young adults, as defined previously.ResultsCalf circumference was positively correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle (r = 0.81 in men,r = 0.73 in women) and skeletal muscle index (r = 0.80 in men,r = 0.69 in women). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal calf circumference cut‐off values for predicting sarcopenia were 34 cm (sensitivity 88%, specificity 91%) in men and 33 cm (sensitivity 76%, specificity 73%) in women.ConclusionsCalf circumference was positively correlated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle index, and could be used as a surrogate marker of muscle mass for diagnosing sarcopenia. The suggested cut‐off values of calf circumference for predicting low muscle mass are <34 cm in men and <33 cm in women.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 969–976.
Anticoagulation management by community pharmacists in New Zealand: an evaluation of a collaborative model in primary care
Authors: Harrison Jeff , Shaw John P , Harrison Jenny E 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesDespite the introduction of new oral anticoagulants, vitamin K antagonists remain the mainstay of the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism. The advent of affordable point-of-care testing presents an opportunity for community pharmacists to provide anticoagulation management services, better utilizing their training, reducing the workload on medical practices and improving accessibility and convenience for patients. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of anticoagulation management by community pharmacists.MethodsAll patients enrolled in a pilot programme for a community pharmacy anticoagulation management service using point-of-care international normalized ratio testing and computer-assisted dose adjustment were included in a follow-up study, including before–after comparison. Outcomes included time in therapeutic range (TTR), time above and below range, number and proportion of results outside efficacy and safety thresholds, and a comparison of care led by pharmacists and care led by a primary-care general practitioner (GP).Key findingsA total of 693 patients were enrolled, predominantly males over 65 years of age with atrial fibrillation. The mean TTR was 78.6% (95% CI 49.3% to 100%). A subgroup analysis (n = 221) showed an increase in mean TTR from 61.8% under GP-led care to 78.5% under pharmacist-led care (P &lt; 0.001), reflecting a reduction in the time above and, in particular, below the range. The mean TTR by pharmacy ranged from 71.4% to 84.1%. The median number of tests per month was not statistically different between GP- and pharmacist-led care.ConclusionsCommunity-pharmacist-led anticoagulation care utilizing point-of-care testing and computerized decision support is safe and effective, resulting in significant improvements in TTR. Our results support wider adoption of this model of collaborative care.
Contact‐dependent suppression of CD4 T‐cell activation and proliferation by B cells activated through IgD cross‐linking
Authors: Preciado‐Llanes Lorena , Wing James B. , Foster Rachel A. , Carlring Jennifer , Lees Andrew , Read Robert C. , Heath Andrew W. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAlthough the co‐stimulatory interaction between B and T cells is well defined, recent evidence suggests that B cells also have a regulatory role. Here, we show that B cells activated using anti‐IgD conjugated to dextran (α‐δ‐dex) directly inhibit T‐cell receptor‐induced CD4 T‐cell activation, proliferation and cytokine production. This effect was observed in CD4 T cells activated both with and without CD28 co‐stimulation. T‐cell viability was unaffected, and the T‐cell suppressive effect was mediated by contact with IgD‐activated purified B cells and not by interleukin‐10 or other soluble factors. This is the first evidence of IgD‐activated B cells mediating inhibition of activation and proliferation of CD4 T cells in humans.
Physical and Thermal Properties of Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) Essential Oil Microparticles
Authors: Toledo Hijo Ariel Antonio Campos , da Costa Joyce Maria Gomes , Silva Eric Keven , Azevedo Viviane Machado , Yoshida Maria Irene , Borges Soraia Vilela 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study, the physical and thermal properties of essential oil microparticles of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) dried via spray drying were examined. The product was characterized by morphology, mean diameter, particle size distribution, moisture sorption curve, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The process promoted the formation of spherical capsules with high polydispersity. The isotherm exhibited type II behavior (sigmoidal curve), and the best fit was obtained by the Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model (E = 6.748%). The DSC analysis showed that the increase equilibrium moisture content reduced the Tg value of the microparticles (164.47–91.29C). The samples stored at low humidity resulted in more thermally stable particles, and the samples with equilibrium moisture content of 4.74% showed higher thermal stability.Practical ApplicationsThe applications of essential oils with relevant antioxidant activities, such as oregano essential oil, as a food additive is limited in the conventional form, due to their fast degradation triggered by temperature, light, presence of oxygen and humidity, among others. The encapsulation technique by spray drying has been successfully used to overcome this drawback. However, the spray‐dried products may present some technological problems, such as high hygroscopicity and low resistance when subjected to high temperatures. The evaluation of microparticle stability is a relevant and important issue when desiring to ensure their quality and application. Studies of the functional properties such as hygroscopicity, sorption behavior and thermal resistance determine the ideal conditions for the storage of this type of product.
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system and survival of untreated hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B virus endemic area
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Kim Hwi Young , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Chung Jin Wook , Lee Hyo‐Suk 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimA uniform staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is needed. In this study, the discrimination abilities of HCC staging systems (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC], Cancer of the Liver Italian Program, and Okuda stage) were compared during the course of untreated HCC.MethodsWe included consecutive 80 patients diagnosed with HCC, but were not treated for HCC, at a single medical center in Korea. In addition, 177 treated patients matched by prognostic factors were included to evaluate the survival gain owing to locoregional treatment.ResultsThe mean age of untreated patients was 58.7 years. During the observation period (median = 41.1 months), 72 patients died (median survival = 2.1 months; range = 1.6–33.7 months). Among various staging systems, the BCLC system had the best discrimination ability (linear trend χ2 = 16.35). Multivariate analysis indicated that the intrahepatic tumor classification (AJCC T classification) was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) (P = 0.001). However, either node or metastasis classification failed to affect the OS significantly (both P > 0.05). Patients undergoing intrahepatic tumor control with locoregional therapy showed prolonged survival in those patients with nodal involvement (hazard ratio = 0.315; P = 0.004) and extrahepatic metastasis (hazard ratio = 0.658; P = 0.258), respectively, after adjustment for independent prognostic factors. Compared with untreated patients, BCLC stage A and B patients had > 1 year of survival gain but those with stage C and D did not, owing to locoregional therapy.ConclusionThe BCLC system had the best discrimination among untreated HCC patients. However, re‐evaluation of the clinical importance of nodal and metastasis classification might be required.
Assessment of liver fibrosis: The relationship between point shear wave elastography and quantitative histological analysis
Authors: Ding Hong , Ma Jiao‐jiao , Wang Wen‐ping , Zeng Wen‐jiao , Jiang Tao , Huang Bei‐jian , Chen Shi‐yao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimTraditional pathological scoring systems for liver fibrosis progression are predominantly based on the description of architectural changes with no consideration of the amount of collagen fiber deposition. Our purpose was to explore a true histological standard in accordance with the liver stiffness measured by point shear wave elastography (PSWE) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.MethodsA total of 78 patients with liver neoplasms underwent liver stiffness measurements with PSWE as well as biochemical investigations within 3 days before partial hepatectomy. One tissue section of the liver specimens was stained with HE trichrome and evaluated traditionally with the Scheuer scoring system. The other tissue section was stained with picroSirius red and was evaluated according to the semiquantitative Chevallier et al. scoring system. In addition, this second tissue section was evaluated for the collagen proportionate area (CPA) with computer‐assisted digital image analysis. The reproducibility of PSWE technology was explored through the intra‐class correlation coefficient of a reliability analysis.ResultsThe PSWE technology revealed good reproducibility in liver stiffness measurements, and the PSWE values increased with the pathological severity of liver fibrosis on both the Scheuer scoring system and the semiquantitative Chevallier et al. scoring system. PSWE values exhibited more reasonable relationships with CPA (r = 0.628, P = 0.00 < 0.05) than with the Scheuer scoring system (r = 0.473, P = 0.00 < 0.05) or the Chevallier et al. semiquantitative scoring system (r = 0.487, P = 0.00 < 0.05).ConclusionCPA is a better pathological parameter than traditional semiquantitative scoring systems in accordance with liver stiffness measured by PSWE technology.
Type 2 diabetes: A risk factor for liver mortality and complications in hepatitis B cirrhosis patients
Authors: Hsiang John C , Gane Edward J , Bai Wayne W , Gerred Stephen J 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on morbidity and mortality among hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhosis patients is poorly defined. We assess the effect of DM on the HBV cirrhosis outcomes and survival.MethodsA retrospective study of HBV cirrhosis patients who sought care at a sole public hospital in a geographically defined region, from year 2000 to 2012. Cirrhosis complications, liver transplantations, and mortality were reviewed. Primary outcome is the composite of liver‐related and overall mortality or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐three patients entered into the final analysis; 50 patients (22.4%) have DM at cirrhosis diagnosis. Seventy‐two percent of DM patients have DM for more than 5 years at cirrhosis diagnosis. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was 25.4 and 60.5 per 1000 patient‐years for non‐DM and DM patients, respectively (P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, DM was a predictor of HCC (hazard ratio [HR] 2.36, [1.14–4.85], P = 0.02), hepatic complications (HR 2.04, [1.16–3.59], P = 0.01), liver mortality or OLT (HR 2.26, [1.05–4.86], P = 0.04), and overall mortality or OLT (HR 2.25, [1.96–4.22], P = 0.01). Insulin and/or sulphonylurea use and poor diabetic control (glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 7.0%) were predictors of HCC and cirrhosis complications (all P < 0.05). The 5‐year liver‐related mortality or OLT rate was 23.4% for DM patients and 9.4% for non‐DM patients, respectively (P = 0.009).ConclusionThe presence of DM and poor diabetic control at cirrhosis diagnosis significantly increase the rate of cirrhosis complications and reduced survival in patients with HBV cirrhosis. Improving diabetic control should be essential part of the cirrhosis care in these patients.