bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of NiCo2O4 Nanosheet Arrays and its High Catalytic Performance for H2O2 Electroreduction
Authors: Wang Y. , Cheng K. , Cao D. , Yang F. , Yan P. , Zhang W. , Wang G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNi foam supporting‐NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays (NiCo2O4/Ni foam) are successfully prepared by electrodeposition of the hydroxide precursor, followed by a thermal treatment in air without any template and surfactant. The morphology of NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays is characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The structure is analyzed using X‐ray diffractometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of NiCo2O4/Ni foam electrode for H2O2 electroreduction in KOH solution is evaluated by means of cycle voltammetry and chronoamperometry, which exhibits an excellent catalytic performance and superior stability for H2O2 electroreduction. The reduction current density of H2O2 on NiCo2O4/Ni foam electrode is 0.378 A cm−2 at –0.4 V in the solution containing 3.0 mol L−1 KOH + 0.4 mol L−1 H2O2, which is much larger than that on other metal oxides reported previously.
Advantages of a Polyimide Membrane Support in Nonhumidified Fluorohydrogenate‐Polymer Composite Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Kiatkittikul P. , Nohira T. , Hagiwara R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe have successfully prepared composite membranes consisting of the ionic liquid N‐ethyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium fluorohydrogenate and the polymer 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate and have secured them on a polyimide (PI) membrane support. The resulting EMPyr(FH)1.7F–HEMA (9:1 molar ratio) composite possesses ionic conductivity of 75 mS cm−1 at 120 °C when a 16‐µm support is employed, showing improved performance with elevated temperature; this marks a significant difference from devices using conventional polytetrafluoroethylene supports. In the single cell test, a maximum power density of 31 mW cm−2 is observed at 120 °C. Cross‐sectional SEM images of the corresponding membrane electrode assemblies reveal no significant difference in membrane thickness before and after cell testing, implying that this support does not suffer from membrane softening issues.
Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and its progression onto dementia: a 16‐year outcome evaluation of the Denbighshire cohort
Authors: Hobson Peter , Meara Jolyon 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveMild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD‐MCI) has been suggested to be a predictor for the development of PD dementia (PDD). This study explored the incidence and possible neuropsychological domain differences between PD patients with PD‐MCI and without cognitive impairment (normal cognitive function with PD), on the basis of the Movement Disorders Task Force Guidelines for PD‐MCI.MethodsAt baseline (T1), 4 years (T2) and 6 years (T3), 166 patients with PD were administered global neuropsychological assessments. At 16 years, case note and neuropsychological assessment review was employed to calculate the number of patients who had progressed to PDD.ResultsAt baseline, 68 patients were classified as normal cognitive function with PD, 18 with PD‐MCI and 80 with PDD. At T2, 12 of the PD‐MCI cohort at T1 had progressed to PDD, and there were 15 incident cases of PD‐MCI. At T3, nine PD‐MCI cases at T2 had progressed to PDD. There were 10 incident cases of PD‐MCI at T3. The incidence of progression from PD‐MCI to PDD was 98.0 per 1000 person‐years, with an annual conversion rate to PDD of 11%. Neuropsychological predictors for conversion from PD‐MCI to PDD were semantic language, praxis (figure drawing/copying) and visuospatial deficits. At 16 years, 91% of the PD‐MCI cohort had progressed to PDD.ConclusionsMild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is an important predictor for the progression to PDD. This investigation also confirmed that if PD patients live long enough, they will develop cognitive impairment or dementia. Early detection of cognitive impairment in these individuals is possible with existing standardised global cognitive assessments, which include semantic language assessment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenolic Derivatives from the Root Bark of Oplopanax horridus
Authors: Huang Wei‐Hua , Zhang Qing‐Wen , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Yuan Chun‐Su , Li Shao‐Ping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFour new phenolic derivatives, including two phenylpropanoid glycosides, one benzoate glycoside, and one lignan glycoside, together with one known glyceride, were isolated from the root bark of Oplopanax horridus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 3‐{4‐[(6‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl}propanoic acid (1), (+)‐[5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐7‐(hydroxymethyl)‐10,11‐dimehoxydibenzo[a,c][8]annulen‐6‐yl]methyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), (+)‐methyl 4‐[6‐O‐{3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐5‐(1‐methylpropyl)oxy]‐5‐oxopentanoyl}‐4‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]‐3‐methoxybenzoate (3), and 2‐methoxy‐4‐[(1E)‐3‐methoxy‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl]phenyl 6‐O‐{3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐5‐[(1‐methylpropyl)oxy]‐5‐oxopentanoyl‐4‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (4) on the basis of spectroscopic techniques including NMR and MS analyses. The known compound was identified as glycer‐2‐yl ferulate (5) by comparing its physical and spectral data with those reported in the literature.
New Furostanol Glycosides from the Roots of Digitalis ciliataTrautv.
Authors: Kemertelidze Ether , Skhirtladze Alexander , Ganzera Markus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThree new furostanol glycosides, named ciliatasides A, B, and C (1–3, resp.), have been isolated from the roots of Digitalis ciliata, along with two known furostanol glycosides. The structures of the new compounds were identified as (2α,3β,5α,14β,25R)‐26‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐2‐hydroxyfurost‐20(22)‐en‐3‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (1), (2α,3β,5α,14β,22R)‐26‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐2‐hydroxy‐22‐methoxyfurost‐25(27)‐en‐3‐yl β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (2), and (2α,3β,5α,14β,22R,25R)‐26‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐2,22‐dihydroxyfurostan‐3‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (3).
Nordammarane Triterpenoids from Sanguisorba officinalis
Authors: Hu Jiang , Li Hui , Yang Ben‐Shou , Mao Xia , Shi Xiao‐Dong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThree new nordammarane triterpenoids, 12β‐O‐acetyl‐3β,22‐dihydroxy‐23,24,25,26,27‐pentanordammarane (1), 12β,22‐dihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐23,24,25,26,27‐pentanordammarane (2), and 3β,12β‐dihydroxy‐23,24,25,26,27‐pentanordammarane‐22‐carbaldehyde (3), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis. Structural elucidation of these new triterpenoids on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS, is reported
One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Acetyl‐2‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolines from N‐[2‐(Azidomethyl)phenyl]benzamides Utilizing Intramolecular Aza‐Wittig Reaction
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Naoki , Nagashima Mika , Inouchi Hiroki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new and convenient method for the preparation of 3,4‐dihydroquinazolines 5 with aryl and Ac groups at C(2) and N(3), respectively, has been developed. The key sequence is the formation of aza‐phosphorane intermediates by the reaction of N‐[2‐(azidomethyl)phenyl]benzamides 1 with Ph3P, followed by intramolecular aza‐Wittig reaction and 3‐acetylation, which can be conducted in one‐pot.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of α‐Diazo Ketones Derived from N‐Protected (S)‐Proline with Aromatic and Cycloaliphatic Thioketones
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Pipiak Paulina , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEnantiomerically pure α‐oxo diazo compounds derived from (S)‐proline were used for 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with aryl and hetaryl thioketones, as well as with cycloalkanethiones. Whereas the reactions with hetaryl thioketones in boiling THF yield α,β‐unsaturated ketones via a cascade of cycloaddition, 1,3‐dipolar electrocyclization, and desulfurization, the analogous reactions with thiobenzophenone and cycloalkanethiones result in the formation of 1,3‐oxathiole derivatives. In the latter case, the 1,5‐dipolar electrocyclization of the intermediate thiocarbonyl ylide is the key step of the reaction sequence. In all cases, the isolated products are optically active, i.e., the multistep processes occur with retention of the stereogenic center incorporated via the use of (S)‐proline as the precursor of the diazo compounds.
Spatial and temporal variations of pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon and stable isotopes along a temperate karstic watercourse
Authors: van Geldern Robert , Schulte Peter , Mader Michael , Baier Alfons , Barth Johannes A. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study investigated CO2 degassing and related carbon isotope fractionation effects in the Wiesent River that drains a catchment in the karst terrain of the Franconian Alb, Southern Germany. The river was investigated by physico‐chemical and stable isotope analyses of water and dissolved inorganic carbon during all seasons along 65‐km long downstream transects between source and mouth. Calculated pCO2 values at the source were 21 400 ± 2400 µatm. The pCO2 rapidly decreased in the river water and dropped to an average of 1240 ± 330 µatm near the mouth. About 90% of this decrease occurred within the first 6 km of the river. The river was supersaturated with respect to CO2 over its entire course and must have acted as a continuous year‐round CO2 source to the atmosphere. The average CO2 flux from the karst river was estimated with 450 mmol m−2 day−1 with higher fluxes up to 5680 mmol m−2 day−1 at the source. At the source, δ13CDIC values showed no seasonal variations with an average of −14.2 ± 0.2‰. This indicated that groundwater retained high pCO2 mainly from soil CO2. The contribution of soil CO2 to dissolved inorganic carbon was estimated at 65% to 72%. The downstream CO2 loss caused a positive shift in δ13CDIC values of 2‰ between source and mouth because of the preferential loss of the 12C isotope during degassing. Considering the findings of this study and the fact that carbonate lithology covers a significant part of the earth's surface, CO2 evasion from karst regions might contribute notably to the annual carbon dioxide release from global freshwater systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A retrospective, cross‐sectional study reveals that women with CRSwNP have more severe disease than men
Authors: Stevens Whitney W. , Peters Anju T. , Suh Lydia , Norton James E. , Kern Robert C. , Conley David B. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Tan Bruce K. , Grammer Leslie C. , Harris Kathleen E. , Carter Roderick G. , Kato Atsushi , Urbanek Margrit , Schleimer Robert P. , Hulse Kathryn E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUp to 50% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have comorbid asthma, and we have reported that a subset of CRS patients who have nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have elevated autoantigen‐specific antibodies within their nasal polyps (NP). While increases in the prevalence and/or severity of both asthma and autoimmunity in women are well characterized, it is not known whether CRSwNP is more severe or frequent in women than men. We sought to determine whether CRSwNP demonstrated sex‐specific differences in frequency and/or severity. Using a retrospectively collected database of tertiary care patients (n = 1393), we evaluated the distribution of sex in patients with CRSwNP with or without comorbid asthma or aspirin hypersensitivity. We further compared the severity of sinus disease between men and women with CRSwNP. Although women comprised 55% of CRS patients without NP (CRSsNP), a significantly smaller proportion of CRSwNP patients were female (38%, P < 0.001). Interestingly, women with CRSwNP were significantly more likely than men to have comorbid asthma (P < 0.001), and 61% of patients with the most severe form of disease (aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (CRSwNP plus asthma plus aspirin sensitivity)) were women (P < 0.05). Women with CRSwNP were significantly more likely to have taken oral steroids, and were more likely to have a history of revision surgeries (P < 0.05) compared to men. These data suggest that women with CRSwNP have more severe disease than men in a tertiary care setting. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that drive disease severity in men and women, paving the way for the development of personalized treatment strategies for CRSwNP based on sex.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in non‐chinese populations with special reference to South‐East Asia and Africa
Authors: Muir C. S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is very common in Chinese, the incidence rates (age‐adjusted to the “world” population distribution) per 100,000 per annum varying between 10 to 20 for males and 5 to 10 for females. In virtually all occidental countries, the rates are very low, generally well below 1.0 per 100,000 per annum.The evidence suggesting intermediate levels of risk in certain non‐Chinese mongoloid populations in South‐East Asia, in the Sudan and the Maghreb, is examined. Although whenever possible incidence rates are quoted, most of the available data are based on relative frequency series, often with rather small numbers.Rare in Japan and India, NPC is fairly common in non‐Chinese mongoloid groups in South‐East Asia. NPC incidence in Tunisia is raised, and the relative frequency is probably raised in the Sudan and Algeria.NPC is probably not unduly common in Kenya or Uganda but there are differences between ethnic groups in these countries which may be related to environmental factors. NPC incidence in Hawaii is raised for all ethnic groups, the rate for male Hawaiians (7.8) approaching that for male Chinese (10.4). In Israel, the incidence in the non‐Jewish (Arab) population and in Jews born in Africa or Asia (many of whom were born in Morocco or Tunisia) is higher than in Israel‐born Jews or in Jews born in America or Europe.The effect of intermarriage with Chinese is examined. There is a general trend suggesting that NPC is commoner in those South‐East Asian groups with admixture of Chinese blood, exemplified by NPC incidence in Singapore where the rates for male and female Chinese were 20.2 and 9.0 whereas those for the mongoloid Malays were 5.8 and 2.0 respectively. By contrast, the rates for the caucasoid Indians and Pakistanis were 0.2 and 0. It is highly unlikely that these differences are artefactual.The demonstration of an intermediate NPC risk level in Tunisia and other parts of Africa should, when confirmed, permit examination of viral and other aetiological hypotheses in populations with little or no Chinese genetic material.
Studies of carcino‐fetal proteins. III. Development of a radioimmunoassay for α‐fetoprotein. Demonstration of α‐fetoprotein in serum of healthy human adults
Authors: Ruoslahti Erkki , Seppälä Markku 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human α‐fetoprotein (α‐FP) was developed. The sensitivity threshold of the method is 250 picograms per ml, which means that it is 20,000‐40,000 times more sensitive than immunodiffusion, and covers completely the thousandfold concentration gap between the α‐FP levels in normal human serum and the level detectable by immunodiffusion. Evidence for the presence of α‐FP in serum of healthy human individuals is as follows: (I) Normal serum in 1:5 dilution inhibited the binding of labelled α‐FP by antibody. (2) The activity inhibiting in RIA could be removed from serum by prior treatment with anti‐α‐FP immunoadsorbent. (3) At low pH α‐FP could be eluted from immunoadsorbent that had been previously treated with serum. (4) After fractionation of normal human serum by electrofocusing the activity inhibiting in RIA was present in a fraction whose isoelectric point was that previously shown for fetal α‐FP.The α‐FP present in cancer is currently believed to be a product of an activated fetal gene which is suppressed at the adult stage. Our results show that this suppression is not complete in all cells. Measurement of α‐FP at the radioimmunoassay level is considered to be a contribution to the early diagnosis of cancer.
Occurrence of alpha‐fetoprotein in acute viral hepatitis
Authors: Smith J. Bruce 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing a very sensitive double antibody electrophoretic technique, we have found alpha‐1 fetoprotein (AFP) to occur transiently in the serum of adults during the course of acute viral hepatitis associated with Australia antigen (Au(1)) but not with acute viral hepatitis unassociated with Au(1). Occurrence in adult serum of this protein, which is a normal embryonic serum alpha‐1 globulin, has heretofore been associated with the presence of either primary hepatic malignancy or certain germinal cell cancers of the testis and ovary. The possible significance of the reappearance of AFP relative to cellular retro‐differentiation in viral hepatitis and hepatic malignancy is discussed.
Immunofluorescent detection of murine and hamster C‐type virus species‐specific (gs‐1) determinants by monospecific guinea‐pig sera and interspecies‐specific (gs‐3) determinants by tumor‐bearing rat sera
Authors: Hampar Berge , Gilden Raymond V. , Kelloff Gary , Oroszlan Stephen , Simms Donald 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe species‐specific (gs‐1) determinants of murine and hamster C‐type viruses were detected by direct immunofluorescence (FA) in fixed virus‐infected cells using monospecific guinea‐pig antisera. The interspecies‐specific (gs‐3) determinants were also detected by FA using broad spectrum sera from tumor‐bearing rats.The FA staining of gs‐1 and gs‐3 determinants in fixed infected cells was localized in the cytoplasm as punctate foci at or near the cell membrane and as a diffuse mass at the perinuclear region. The FA staining of live infected cells was limited to antisera with envelope activity.The percentage of FA positive cells in any one cell preparation was inversely related to the efficiency of complete virus synthesis. Blocking experiments support the contention that the gs‐1 and gs‐3 determinants reside on the same molecule with the former occupying a more accessible or dominant position.
High‐frequency establishment of human immunoglobulin‐producing lymphoblastoid lines from normal and malignant lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood
Authors: Nilsson Kenneth 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHuman hematopoietic tissue and lymphocytes separated from 10‐20 ml samples of peripheral blood have been grown in vitro in a lens‐paper and a gelatin foam (Spongostan) grid organ culture.Lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from the lymph nodes, and in one case from the spleen, of 22/23 consecutive, unselected adult individuals without manifest malignancy or infectious mononucleosis. Biopsies from 5/8 patients with malignancy were successful. The blood tines were derived from 5/10 patients with and 4/10 donors without malignancy.The very high frequency of success from normal tissue confirms the assumption made before that the spontaneous establishment of lymphoblastoid cell lines is unrelated to manifest malignancy of the donor. The results indicate that lymphoid cells with a potential for infinite proliferation (“lymphoblastoid transformation”) are present in almost all adult individuals. The Spongostan grid culture is a superior instrument to select and/or adapt these cells in vitro.All lymphoblastoid lines produced immunoglobulins. The majority started with a “polyclonal” pattern of immunoglobulin production but changed towards stable “ monoclonality “ during the course of long‐term cultivation. It is suggested that lymphoblastoid lines have a polyclonal origin and that the reason for development of a monoclonal line is a selection of one cell clone either in the organ culture during establishment or in long‐term culture.
The establishment of lymphoblastoid lines from adult and fetal human lymphoid tissue and its dependence on EBV
Authors: Nilsson Kenneth , Klein George , Henle Werner , Henle Gertrude 
Published: February 2015

AbstractContinuous human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LL), derived from lymphoid tissue or peripheral blood of 20 adults without histories of recent infectious mononucleosis at a frequency close to 100 %, were examined for the presence of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) using immunofluorescence methods for the detection of EBV‐dependent cell membrane and EB viral capsid antigens. All lines except one were found to be EBV carriers in the initial tests, but the antigens gradually disappeared in most during the course of an observation period of 4 months. Only eight lines maintained the initial percentage of antigen‐containing cells. The results of the two immunofluorescence tests, performed simultaneously on each cell pool, were concordant in all instances.Sera were available from 16/20 donors. All cell donors, except one, possessed antibodies to EBV as an indication of prior EBV infections.The growth‐promoting role of EBV in the establishment of LL was supported by studies with fetal lymphoid tissue cultured by the same grid method which yielded the high frequency of LL from adults. In sharp contrast to the results obtained with adult lymphoid tissue, no lines were established from 20 fetuses aged 13‐20 weeks. However, when such tissue was exposed to a cell‐free filtrate prepared from an EBV‐carrying LL lymphoblastoid cell, lines were established in some instances. Filtrate from an EBV‐negative line inoculated into parallel cultures failed to promote the establishment of LL.The results indicate that EBV infection in vivo or in vitro may be a prerequisite for the indefinite growth of lymphoblastoid cells in vitro and that EBV infections, as a rule, are not vertically transmitted.
Metabolism of polycyclic hydrocarbons in mammalian cell cultures
Authors: Diamond Leila 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo extraction procedures were used to measure the metabolism of tritiated polycyclic hydrocarbons in cell cultures derived from several mammalian species. Metabolism of the hydrocarbons to “ alkali‐extractable derivatives” was measured by extraction of the labeled medium with acetone:hexane, followed by extraction of the resulting acetone‐hexane phase with NaOH (Nebert and Bausserman, 1970); metabolism to “ water‐soluble derivatives “ was measured by extraction of the medium with chloroform:methanol:water (Diamond et al., 1968b). The extent of metabolism was dependent on the concentration of hydrocarbon, the number of cells and the time of incubation. The kinetics of hydrocarbon metabolism suggest that there may be sequential conversion of the parent compound first to alkali‐extractable derivatives and then to water‐soluble derivatives. Each of the cell cultures which was sensitive to the growth‐inhibitory effects of 3,4‐benzpyrene or 7,12‐dimethylbenz (a) anthracene was able to metabolize the respective hydrocarbon to water‐soluble derivatives. In general, little or no ability to metabolize the hydrocarbons was detected in cells which were resistant to the cytotoxic effects. Two resistant cell lines were exceptional in that they did metabolize the hydrocarbons to water‐soluble derivatives; however, no alkali‐extractable derivatives could be recovered from the medium of these cultures.