bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first fossil of a bolbitidoid fern belongs to the early‐divergent lineages of Elaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae)
Authors: Lóriga Josmaily , Schmidt Alexander R. , Moran Robbin C. , Feldberg Kathrin , Schneider Harald , Heinrichs Jochen 
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Closing gaps in the fossil record and elucidating phylogenetic relationships of mostly incomplete fossils are major challenges in the reconstruction of the diversification of fern lineages through time. The cosmopolitan family Dryopteridaceae represents one of the most species‐rich families of leptosporangiate ferns, yet its fossil record is sparse and poorly understood. Here, we describe a fern inclusion in Miocene Dominican amber and investigate its relationships to extant Dryopteridaceae.• Methods: The morphology of the fossil was compared with descriptions of extant ferns, resulting in it being tentatively assigned to the bolbitidoid fern genus Elaphoglossum. This assignment was confirmed by reconstructing the evolution of the morphological characters preserved in the inclusion on a molecular phylogeny of 158 extant bolbitidoid ferns. To assess the morphology‐based assignment of the fossil to Elaphoglossum, we examined DNA‐calibrated divergence time estimates against the age of the amber deposits from which it came.• Key results: The fossil belongs to Elaphoglossum and is the first of a bolbitidoid fern. Its assignment to a particular section of Elaphoglossum could not be determined; however, sects. Lepidoglossa, Polytrichia, and Setosa can be discounted because the fossil lacks subulate scales or scales with acicular marginal hairs. Thus, the fossil might belong to either sects. Amygdalifolia, Wrightiana, Elaphoglossum, or Squamipedia or to an extinct lineage.• Conclusions: The discovery of a Miocene Elaphoglossum fossil provides remarkable support to current molecular clock‐based estimates of the diversification of these ferns.
La vie publique de l'enfant
Authors: Breviglieri Marc 
Published: September 2014

Une première partie invite le lecteur à retrouver la question que pose Arendt à propos de l’ambigu pouvoir que la modernité lègue à l’enfant, ouvrant la réflexion sur une anthropologie capacitaire de la participation. Une seconde partie cherche à caractériser la nature et l’étendue des registres d’appréhension et d’expressivité dont l’enfant se montre capable lorsque son mode d’existence s’imprègne de présences et de valeurs publiques. Ce texte entend travailler sur un paradoxe : le mouvement d’élargissement participatif qui voudrait permettre à tous les enfants de prendre part au public contribue simultanément à appauvrir en un sens leur expérience de la vie publique. Ce paradoxe éclaire une forme de réduction anthropologique violente qui s’impose à l’enfance par le format de communication que suppose l’injonction contemporaine à prendre part à un public libéral.
Féminisme, participation politique des femmes et « publics contestataires » : dépasser la dichotomie privé-public et penser les liens du local au global
Authors: Giraud Isabelle 
Published: September 2014

La recherche sur le féminisme et les diverses formes de militantisme qui lui sont attachées nécessite de dépasser la dichotomie privé-public comme d’articuler les diverses échelles de luttes sur des terrains d’enquête localisés. La création d’un agenda de recherche à partir du concept de « publics contestataires » par L. Phillips, S. Cole et leurs étudiantes M.-E. Carrier-Moisan et E. Lagalisse dans l’ouvrage Contesting Publics. Feminism, Activism, Ethnography (Pluto Press, 2013) semble prometteuse au regard de ces deux enjeux. Toutefois, la mise en œuvre de cette approche sur leurs terrains respectifs en Amérique latine, à travers le concept de « publics contestataires », révèle des effets générationnels, les plus jeunes développant plus aisément une approche intersectionnelle qui dépasse l’opposition privé-public. Nous constatons également des biais professionnels, les chercheuses des deux générations démontrant une certaine difficulté à intégrer l’échelle transnationale dans leur analyse, alors que, par ailleurs, l’ouvrage présente tels quels des témoignages de militantes qui n’ont de cesse de rappeler l’importance des réseaux féministes transnationaux.
Cartographie critique des objections historicistes à la centralité du travail
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe 
Published: September 2014

Les objections à la centralité du travail prennent appui sur une présupposition historique massive et souvent non questionnée, selon laquelle le travail n’est devenu une institution centrale qu’avec l’avènement de la modernité capitaliste occidentale. Cet article pose les premiers jalons d’une cartographie critique de cet arrière-plan historiciste aux objections à la centralité du travail. L’identification des références constitutives de ce champ permet de démêler l’écheveau des arguments impliqués, et de les soumettre à une double critique : sur le plan empirique d’abord, puisque les recherches historiques et ethnologiques spécialisées tendent à démontrer la persistance de la centralité psychologique et sociopolitique du travail à travers les sociétés les plus diverses. À partir de ce matériau historique, une contre-image de la signification anthropologique du travail se dégage qui place ce dernier au cœur de l’ontologie sociale. Summmary , p. 47. Resumen , p. 47.
Work as Expression
Authors: Smith Nicholas H. 
Published: September 2014

Cet article replace la conception du travail développée par la psychodynamique du travail dans la tradition philosophique de l’expressivisme et soutient la primauté de la conception expressiviste du travail sur la conception classique du travail comme poiesis . À l’issue d’une reconstruction des arguments principaux portant sur l’opposition entre poiesis (travail de production) et praxis (action morale), l’attention sera portée sur les limites de ce modèle de conceptualisation du travail. Un modèle alternatif est introduit à partir de la prise en compte de plusieurs dimensions du concept d’expression utilisé dans le langage courant. Cela nous permet de mettre en évidence ce qui, dans le modèle psychodynamique de C. Dejours, est précisément « expressiviste ». Une fois l’origine expressiviste de la théorie de Dejours établie, plusieurs interprétations des normes d’expression sont présentées, en lien avec l’évaluation des organisations du travail contemporaines.
Different Antigen-Processing Activities in Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, and Monocytes Lead to Uneven Production of HIV Epitopes and Affect CTL Recognition
Authors: Dinter Jens , Gourdain Pauline , Lai Nicole Y. , Duong Ellen , Bracho-Sanchez Edith , Rucevic Marijana , Liebesny Paul H. , Xu Yang , Shimada Mariko , Ghebremichael Musie , Kavanagh Daniel G. , Le Gall Sylvie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (MPs), and monocytes are permissive to HIV. Whether they similarly process and present HIV epitopes to HIV-specific CD8 T cells is unknown despite the critical role of peptide processing and presentation for recognition and clearance of infected cells. Cytosolic peptidases degrade endogenous proteins originating from self or pathogens, exogenous Ags preprocessed in endolysosomes, thus shaping the peptidome available for endoplasmic reticulum translocation, trimming, and MHC-I presentation. In this study, we compared the capacity of DCs, MPs, and monocyte cytosolic extracts to produce epitope precursors and epitopes. We showed differences in the proteolytic activities and expression levels of cytosolic proteases between monocyte-derived DCs and MPs and upon maturation with LPS, R848, and CL097, with mature MPs having the highest activities. Using cytosol as a source of proteases to degrade epitope-containing HIV peptides, we showed by mass spectrometry that the degradation patterns of long peptides and the kinetics and amount of antigenic peptides produced differed among DCs, MPs, and monocytes. Additionally, variable intracellular stability of HIV peptides prior to loading onto MHC may accentuate the differences in epitope availability for presentation by MHC-I between these subsets. Differences in peptide degradation led to 2- to 25-fold differences in the CTL responses elicited by the degradation peptides generated in DCs, MPs, and monocytes. Differences in Ag-processing activities between these subsets might lead to variations in the timing and efficiency of recognition of HIV-infected cells by CTLs and contribute to the unequal capacity of HIV-specific CTLs to control viral load.
IL-5 Triggers a Cooperative Cytokine Network That Promotes Eosinophil Precursor Maturation
Authors: Fulkerson Patricia C. , Schollaert Kaila L. , Bouffi Carine , Rothenberg Marc E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Eosinophils originate in the bone marrow from an eosinophil lineage–committed, IL-5Rα–positive, hematopoietic progenitor (eosinophil progenitor). Indeed, IL-5 is recognized as a critical regulator of eosinophilia and has effects on eosinophil progenitors, eosinophil precursors, and mature eosinophils. However, substantial levels of eosinophils remain after IL-5 neutralization or genetic deletion, suggesting that there are alternative pathways for promoting eosinophilia. In this study, we investigated the contributory role of IL-5 accessory cytokines on the final stages of eosinophil differentiation. IL-5 stimulation of low-density bone marrow cells resulted in expression of a panel of cytokines and cytokine receptors, including several ligand–receptor pairs. Notably, IL-4 and IL-4Rα were expressed by eosinophil precursors and mature eosinophils. Signaling through IL-4Rα promoted eosinophil maturation when IL-5 was present, but IL-4 stimulation in the absence of IL-5 resulted in impaired eosinophil survival, suggesting that IL-4 cooperates with IL-5 to promote eosinophil differentiation. In contrast, CCL3, an eosinophil precursor–produced chemokine that signals through CCR1, promotes terminal differentiation of CCR1-positive eosinophil precursors in the absence of IL-5, highlighting an autocrine loop capable of sustaining eosinophil differentiation. These findings suggest that brief exposure to IL-5 is sufficient to initiate a cytokine cooperative network that promotes eosinophil differentiation of low-density bone marrow cells independent of further IL-5 stimulation.
Clinical and Serologic Parallels to APS-I in Patients with Thymomas and Autoantigen Transcripts in Their Tumors
Authors: Wolff Anette S. B. , Kärner Jaanika , Owe Jone F. , Oftedal Bergithe E. V. , Gilhus Nils Erik , Erichsen Martina M. , Kämpe Olle , Meager Anthony , Peterson Pärt , Kisand Kai , Willcox Nick , Husebye Eystein S. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Patients with the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-I), caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, and myasthenia gravis (MG) with thymoma, show intriguing but unexplained parallels. They include uncommon manifestations like autoimmune adrenal insufficiency (AI), hypoparathyroidism, and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis plus autoantibodies neutralizing IL-17, IL-22, and type I IFNs. Thymopoiesis in the absence of AIRE is implicated in both syndromes. To test whether these parallels extend further, we screened 247 patients with MG, thymoma, or both for clinical features and organ-specific autoantibodies characteristic of APS-I patients, and we assayed 26 thymoma samples for transcripts for AIRE and 16 peripheral tissue-specific autoantigens (TSAgs) by quantitative PCR. We found APS-I–typical autoantibodies and clinical manifestations, including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, AI, and asplenia, respectively, in 49 of 121 (40%) and 10 of 121 (8%) thymoma patients, but clinical features seldom occurred together with the corresponding autoantibodies. Both were rare in other MG subgroups (n = 126). In 38 patients with APS-I, by contrast, we observed neither autoantibodies against muscle Ags nor any neuromuscular disorders. Whereas relative transcript levels for AIRE and 7 of 16 TSAgs showed the expected underexpression in thymomas, levels were increased for four of the five TSAgs most frequently targeted by these patients’ autoantibodies. Therefore, the clinical and serologic parallels to APS-I in patients with thymomas are not explained purely by deficient TSAg transcription in these aberrant AIRE-deficient tumors. We therefore propose additional explanations for the unusual autoimmune biases they provoke. Thymoma patients should be monitored for potentially life-threatening APS-I manifestations such as AI and hypoparathyroidism.
Developing a Framework for Ankle Function: A Delphi Study
Authors: Snyder Kelli R. , Evans Todd A. , Neibert Peter J. 
Published: September 2014

Context:
Addressing clinical outcomes is paramount to providing effective health care, yet there is no consensus regarding the appropriate outcomes to address after ankle injuries. Compounding the problem is the repetitive nature of lateral ankle sprains, referred to as functional (FAI) or chronic (CAI) ankle instability. Although they are commonly used terms in practice and research, FAI and CAI are inconsistently defined and assessed.

Objective:
To establish definitions of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, FAI, and CAI, as well as their characteristics and assessment techniques.

Design:
Delphi study.

Setting:
Telephone interviews and electronic surveys.

Patients or Other Participants:
Sixteen experts representing the fields of ankle function and treatment, ankle research, and outcomes assessment and research were selected as panelists.

Data Collection and Analysis:
A telephone interview produced feedback regarding the definition of, functional characteristics of, and assessment techniques for a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, an unhealthy/acutely injured ankle, and FAI/CAI. Those data were compiled, reduced, and returned through electronic surveys and were either included by reaching consensus (80% agreement) or excluded.

Results:
The definitions of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle and FAI reached consensus. Experts did not agree on a definition of CAI. Eleven functional characteristics of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle, 32 functional characteristics of an unhealthy/acutely injured ankle, and 13 characteristics of FAI were agreed upon.

Conclusions:
Although a consensus was reached regarding the definitions and functional characteristics of a healthy/normal/noninjured ankle and FAI, the experts could only agree on 1 characteristic to include in the FAI definition. Several experts did, however, provide additional comments that reinforced the differences in the interpretation of those concepts. Although the experts could not agree on the definition of CAI, its characteristics, or the preferred use of the terms FAI and CAI, our findings provide progress toward establishing consistency in those concepts.
Experiential Learning on an Alternative Practice Education Placement: Student Reflections on Entry-Level Competency, Personal Growth, and Future Practice
Authors: Knightbridge Lisa 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: The aim of this study was to understand the experiential learning that occurred on an alternative practice education placement and the impact on entry-level competency development, personal growth, and future practice for the student. Method: A quantitative content-analysis research design was used to analyse the reflective practice journals of 14 students undertaking a project-style practice education placement. 346 meaning units were sorted into three predetermined content areas – personal growth, entry-level competency, and influence on future practice – then further coded and grouped into subcategories. Frequencies and relative proportions across content areas, subcategories, and reflection points were calculated. Findings: Sixteen subcategories were combined into seven categories: life's like that; about me; achievement; occupational therapy process; communication and partnerships; professional practice behaviours and responsibilities; and potentials of practice. 57% of all meaning units related to entry-level competencies. Changes in reflections over time suggested a developing understanding of this occupational therapy role and of newly emerging practice areas, as well as an expanded vision of career possibilities. Conclusions: Findings of this study have implications for occupational therapy educators when designing and choosing alternative practice education placements to achieve entry-level competencies, future practice choice, and personal growth outcomes for students.
Return to Work after Stroke: Recording, Measuring, and Describing Occupational Therapy Intervention
Authors: Grant Mary , Radford Kathryn , Sinclair Emma , Walker Marion 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Existing research on vocational rehabilitation following stroke has been criticised for not describing intervention in sufficient detail for replication or clinical implementation. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of recording and measuring the content of an early stroke-specific vocational rehabilitation intervention delivered to participants in a feasibility randomized controlled trial, using a proforma previously developed for a study of vocational rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury. Method: The proforma was adapted for use in stroke with input from an expert panel and was used to record intervention content, in 10-minute units, following each intervention session. Findings: Twenty-five people, working or in education at the time of stroke, participated in the study. Two thirds of the therapists' time was spent in face-to-face contact (43%) and liaison with the patient and others (20%). Intervention mainly focused on work preparation (21%) and the return to work process (24%). The remaining time was consumed by administration (19%) and travel (18%). Conclusion: The proforma was quick and easy to use and captured the main focus of intervention. This study suggests that it can be used to record stroke-specific vocational rehabilitation intervention content and has potential for wider use in research and clinical practice.
Daily Task Performance and Information Processing among People with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aubin Ginette , Lamoureux Julie , Gélinas Isabelle , Chapparo Christine , Stip Emmanuel , Rainville Constant 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Many individuals with schizophrenia have information processing difficulties. This study investigated the use of information processing skills during the performance of a daily task by participants with schizophrenia and compared it to that of participants without a psychiatric diagnosis. Studies comparing similar groups found differences in the number and types of errors. However, there is limited knowledge about the related problematic information processing skills. This information could help to better pinpoint the needs of this group of clients. Method: Participants were paired based on age and gender. Information processing skills were assessed with the Perceive, Recall, Plan, and Perform system of task analysis. Generalized linear mixed models were used to compare both groups. Results: Individuals with schizophrenia made more accuracy errors and had more difficulties when attending and gathering information and when planning was required during the task. They were also more cognitively impaired than the comparison group. Conclusion: The large number of accuracy errors may result from specific skills deficits that impact on other processing skills or from a general vulnerability affecting most processing skills. In future studies, the influence of employment and of the social environment of housing on task performance should be investigated.
El concepto de ‘tiempo’ en la fraseología española y serbia
Authors: Pejović Andjelka , Trivić Aneta 
Published: September 2014

El hecho de que el español y el serbio no pertenezcan a la misma familia lingüística y de que sus culturas, por tanto, supongan ciertas diferencias, nos ha incitado a analizar las unidades fraseológicas (locuciones, en concreto) referentes al concepto de tiempo, fenómeno universal que, además, presenta muchas facetas, analizables desde distintos puntos de vista. El corpus en el que hemos basado nuestra investigación está formado por alrededor de 350 locuciones, extraídas de diferentes fuentes lexicográficas. Partimos desde una perspectiva léxico-semántica, y mediante el método del análisis contrastivo analizamos los mecanismos que estas dos lenguas emplean en la creación de locuciones que caracterizamos como temporales. Se establece una clasificación general de locuciones temporales, según el significado que presentan. Así se distinguen seis grupos de locuciones, que expresan relaciones temporales, frecuencia, duración, límites temporales, rapidez y segmentos temporales. A diferencia de estos seis grupos de locuciones cuyo significado es estrictamente temporal, también distinguimos un séptimo grupo, constituido por locuciones en la que se ve el tiempo a través del prisma de la vida humana. Aunque al principio de nuestra investigación esperábamos encontrar más diferencias respecto a las locuciones con el significado temporal, puesto que se trata de dos lenguas pertenecientes a familias lingüísticas diferentes, la investigación ha demostrado que, como en la mayoría de los casos se trata de locuciones adverbiales, que no presentan un alto grado de idiomaticidad, las dos lenguas emplean lexemas de significado temporal, por lo cual presentan algunos equivalentes, parciales. No obstante, también ocurre que ambas lenguas emplean lexemas de un mismo campo semántico (nombres de fruta o zoomorfismos, por ejemplo), pero para expresar diferentes significados temporales. Las diferencias aumentan en cuanto a las locuciones sustantivas, adjetivas y verbales, donde el grado de idiomaticidad es más alto, porque en ellas aparecen también elementos característicos para cada cultura.
El pasado en la novela española actual: el tema de la Guerra Civil
Authors: Becerra Mayor David 
Published: September 2014

En los últimos años se ha publicado, en España, un gran número de novelas sobre nuestro pasado más reciente, concretamente, sobre la Guerra Civil española. En estas novelas se acude al pasado según los siguientes enunciados:1) La novela ha interiorizado los postulados ideológicos de la posmodernidad que, desde 1989, anuncia el fin de la Historia, el ocaso de la lucha de clases y la muerte de las ideologías. Si vivimos en un tiempo no-conflictivo, habrá que acudir a nuestro pasado conflictivo para que la novela sea posible.2) Como decían Pierre Macherey y Etienne Balibar: «El mandamiento primero de la ideología literaria es: Hablaré de todas las formas de lucha de clases salvo de aquella que te determina inmediatamente». Los conflictos del pasado, narrados en las novelas, desplazan los conflictos presentes.3) El pasado aparece deshistorizado. En ningún caso se produce la noción de memoria que Walter Benjamin desarrolló en sus Tesis sobre la Historia. El pasado, tal como queda descrito en estas novelas, empaña su contemporaneidad y conlleva una pérdida de la experiencia histórica en sentido activo.