bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and preference of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, on rice cultivars
Authors: Sidhu Jaspreet K. , Stout Michael J. , Blouin David C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a major agronomic pest in the southeastern USA. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of D. saccharalis on eight rice cultivars widely grown in Louisiana and to assess the relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance. In a previous study, oviposition preference of sugarcane borers was found to vary on the same eight rice cultivars. In this study, variation in larval performance on the eight cultivars was observed. The overall performance of larvae in terms of relative growth rate and boring success of larvae was highest on Priscilla and Cocodrie. Larval performance was lower on the hybrid XL723, the Clearfield (herbicide‐resistant) variety CL161, and the medium grain Bengal. Also, larvae took more time to enter into the stem of the hybrid XL723 compared with Cocodrie. Significant positive correlations were observed among relative growth rate and boring success and between larval performance and oviposition preference. Significant positive correlations among measures of larval performance and oviposition preference suggest the operation of a common resistance mechanism. Results in laboratory and greenhouse extended into the field, where Cocodrie and Cheniere were the most damaged cultivars, whereas CL161 and the medium grain Jupiter were least injured in terms of average number of stem borer entry/exit holes per plant. Results from this study could contribute to the use of resistant cultivars in an integrated management program for stem borers and the resistant cultivars identified in this study could be used as sources of resistance in breeding programs for resistance against stem borers.
Prey and non‐native fish predict the distribution of Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) in a south‐western river in North America
Authors: Franssen Nathan R. , Durst Scott L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractColorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) has been extirpated from a large portion of its historical range in the Colorado River basin, USA. A repatriation effort via stocking of juvenile P. lucius in the San Juan River, NM, CO and UT has resulted in limited recruitment of individuals into an adult population. Understanding biotic and abiotic factors that limit their persistence in the Colorado River basin will be a critical step in providing for their recovery. To elucidate potential recruitment barriers in the San Juan River, we assessed relationships between the numbers of two age classes of P. lucius and prey, competitors and predators collected at a 1.6 km reach scale between 2003 and 2012. We used an information theoretical approach to rank candidate models testing the relative importance of these biotic conditions in predicting the spatial distribution of P. lucius. We found positive relationships between the numbers of P. lucius ≤200 mm total length (TL) collected and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of native prey among reaches. For P. lucius >200 mm TL (individuals that are likely completely piscivorous), we found positive associations between the numbers of P. lucius collected and CPUE of total prey and CPUE of potential non‐native competitors in each reach. Our data suggest size‐specific affinities of P. lucius for native and non‐native prey as well as the potential for negative interactions between P. lucius and non‐native competitors may contribute to limited recruitment of juvenile P. lucius into an adult population in the San Juan River.
Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura caused by new compound heterozygous mutations of the ADAMTS13 gene
Authors: Rank Cecilie Utke , Kremer Hovinga Johanna , Taleghani Magnus Mansouri , Lämmle Bernhard , Gøtze Jens Peter , Nielsen Ove Juul 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUpshaw–Schulman syndrome (USS) is due to severe congenital deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF)‐cleaving protease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 domains, nr 13) activity resulting in the presence of unusually large forms of VWF in the circulation, causing intravascular platelet clumping and thrombotic microangiopathy. Our patient, a 26‐year‐old man, had attacks of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with thrombocytopenia and a urine dipstick positive for hemoglobin (4+), often as the only sign of hemolytic activity. He had ADAMTS13 activity of <1% of normal plasma without the presence of inhibitors of ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 deficiency was caused by two new mutations of the ADAMTS13 gene: a deletion of a single nucleotide in exon17 (c. 2042 delA) leading to a frameshift (K681C fs X16), and a missense mutation in exon 25 (c.3368G>A) leading to p.R1123H. This case report confirms the importance of the analysis of the ADAMTS13 activity and its inhibitor in patients who have episodes of TTP, with a very low platelet count and sometimes without the classic biochemical signs of hemolysis.
Differential modulation of activity related to the anticipation of monetary gains and losses across the menstrual cycle
Authors: Bayer Janine , Bandurski Pia , Sommer Tobias 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEstradiol and progesterone interact with the dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems that are involved in the processing of rewards. On the systems level, these hormones modulate responses to stimulants as well as neuronal activity related to the anticipation of monetary gains. As different mechanisms might underlie the processing of gains and losses, the current study aims to investigate whether neural correlates of gain and loss anticipation are differentially modulated by menstrual cycle phases. Therefore, young, naturally cycling women were examined by means of functional neuroimaging during performing a modified version of the ‘Monetary Incentive Delay’ task in the early follicular and in the luteal menstrual cycle phase. During the low hormone early follicular phase, the anticipation of high vs. low gains and losses was associated with activity in a largely overlapping network of brain areas. However, high hormone levels in the luteal phase affected brain activity in these areas differentially during the anticipation of high vs. low gains and losses. In particular, the orbitofrontal cortex showed a reduced sensitivity to gain magnitude, whereas the ventral striatum and the anterior cingulate showed a reduced sensitivity to loss magnitude. In summary, the high amount of progesterone and estradiol in the luteal phase decreased activity related to the anticipation of monetary gains and losses in different brain areas, suggesting that hormones modulate different processes during the anticipation of gain and loss magnitude.
Relationships between radial glial progenitors and 5‐HT neurons in the paraventricular organ of adult zebrafish – potential effects of serotonin on adult neurogenesis
Authors: Pérez María Rita , Pellegrini Elisabeth , Cano‐Nicolau Joel , Gueguen Marie‐Madeleine , Menouer‐Le Guillou Dounia , Merot Yohann , Vaillant Colette , Somoza Gustavo M. , Kah Olivier 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn non‐mammalian vertebrates, serotonin (5‐HT)‐producing neurons exist in the paraventricular organ (PVO), a diencephalic structure containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐contacting neurons exhibiting 5‐HT or dopamine (DA) immunoreactivity. Because the brain of the adult teleost is known for its neurogenic activity supported, for a large part, by radial glial progenitors, this study addresses the origin of newborn 5‐HT neurons in the hypothalamus of adult zebrafish. In this species, the PVO exhibits numerous radial glial cells (RGCs) whose somata are located at a certain distance from the ventricle. To study relationships between RGCs and 5‐HT CSF‐contacting neurons, we performed 5‐HT immunohistochemistry in transgenic tg(cyp19a1b‐GFP) zebrafish in which RGCs are labelled with GFP under the control of the cyp19a1b promoter. We show that the somata of the 5‐HT neurons are located closer to the ventricle than those of RGCs. RGCs extend towards the ventricle cytoplasmic processes that form a continuous barrier along the ventricular surface. In turn, 5‐HT neurons contact the CSF via processes that cross this barrier through small pores. Further experiments using proliferating cell nuclear antigen or 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine indicate that RGCs proliferate and give birth to 5‐HT neurons migrating centripetally instead of centrifugally as in other brain regions. Furthermore, treatment of adult zebrafish with tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor causes a significant decrease in the number of proliferating cells in the PVO, but not in the mediobasal hypothalamus. These data point to the PVO as an intriguing region in which 5‐HT appears to promote genesis of 5‐HT neurons that accumulate along the brain ventricles and contact the CSF.
‘The Zone of the Carcass and the Knacker'—On Adorno's Concern with the Suffering Body
Authors: Peters Mathijs 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdorno's moral philosophy is famously problematic. One of the main reasons for this is that it revolves around the moral addendum: a physical impulse of solidarity with suffering beings that, he argues, cannot and should not be rationalized. I show that, since this moral addendum remains vague and since Adorno's radical negativity forces him to dismiss as uncritical all other approaches to morality, he deliberately places his thought in danger of relapsing into irrationality. Most commentators therefore disagree about the manner in which Adorno's references to the moral addendum can be translated into a moral theory. In this paper, I bring in some often overlooked material to form a more complete overview of the issues at hand and to adjudicate this contested area. I do this by briefly discussing Schopenhauer's moral observations on Mitleid and by focusing on Adorno's references to animal cruelty and corporeality. Although this interpretation stays close to Adorno's observations on the moral addendum, it forces us to accept that his moral philosophy is rather weak. I conclude, however, that this weakness reflects a disturbing aspect of reality and in that sense has critical value.
Motivational Internalism and the Challenge of Amoralism
Authors: Bromwich Danielle 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMotivational internalism is the thesis that captures the commonplace thought that moral judgements are necessarily motivationally efficacious. But this thesis appears to be in tension with another aspect of our ordinary moral experience. Proponents of the contrast thesis, motivational externalism, cite everyday examples of amoralism to demonstrate that it is conceptually possible to be completely unmoved by what seem to be sincere first‐person moral judgements. This paper argues that the challenge of amoralism gives us no reason to reject or modify motivational internalism. Instead of attempting to diagnose the motivational failure of the amoral agent or restrict the internalist thesis in the face of these examples, I argue that we should critically examine the assumptions that underlie the challenge. Such an examination reveals that the examples smuggle in substantive assumptions that the internalist has no reason to accept. This argument has two important implications for the debate in moral motivation: first, it reveals that the motivational externalist needs a new argumentative strategy; and second, it shows that there is nothing especially problematic about a formulation of the thesis that captures the core internalist intuition that first‐person moral judgements are necessarily accompanied by motivation.
Does Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Response to Heterospecific Alarm Calls Depend on Familiarity or Acoustic Similarity?
Authors: Getschow Cynthia M. , Rivers Pearl , Sterman Samantha , Lumpkin David C. , Tarvin Keith A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn habitats in which multiple species are prey to the same predators, individuals can greatly benefit from recognizing information regarding predators that is provided by other species. Past studies have demonstrated that various mammals respond to familiar heterospecific alarm calls, but whether acoustic similarity to a familiar call can prompt a mammal's recognition of an unfamiliar call has yet to be shown. We presented alarm calls to free‐ranging eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and recorded behavioral changes in vigilance and antipredatory response. Playbacks included alarm calls of a sympatric bird (American robin, Turdus migratorius), an allopatric bird with a call structure similar to that of the robin (common blackbird, Turdus merula), and an allopatric bird with a distinct call structure (New Holland honeyeater, Phylidonyris novaehollandiae). Squirrels responded significantly more frequently to squirrel alarm calls (positive control) than to robin song (negative control) or honeyeater calls. Squirrel response to robin and blackbird alarm calls was statistically similar to their response to squirrel alarm calls, indicating that squirrels responded to those alarm calls as if they provided information about the presence of predators. However, squirrel response to robin song was not statistically different from response to any of the other avian calls, including the robin and blackbird alarms, suggesting that squirrels neither respond to blackbird alarms as if they clearly signify danger, nor as if they clearly do not signify danger, perhaps reflecting some ambiguity in interpretation of the calls. These results suggest that squirrel responses to alarm calls are generally based on call familiarity, but that acoustic similarity of an unfamiliar allopatric call to a familiar call also can elicit antipredator behavior. The lack of response to honeyeater alarm calls also supports the hypothesis that call recognition by gray squirrels is dependent on familiarity, rather than simply detection of an acoustic feature common to alarm calls across a variety of avian species.
PPARγ forms a bridge between DNA methylation and histone acetylation at the C/EBPα gene promoter to regulate the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Zhao Qing‐hua , Wang Shou‐guo , Liu Shao‐xian , Li Ji‐peng , Zhang Yong‐xing , Sun Zhong‐yi , Fan Qi‐ming , Tian Ji‐wei 
Published: August 2013

The balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells is impaired in many human diseases. Knowledge of how to fine‐tune this balance is of medical importance. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) has been shown to regulate the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells, with epigenetic modifications of the C/EBPα promoter playing an important role. The present study aimed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) binds the −1286 bp/−1065 bp region of the C/EBPα promoter to activate C/EBPα expression during osteogenesis and adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells. DNA hypermethylation in the −1286 bp/−1065 bp region, observed at the terminal stage of osteogenesis, prevented PPARγ binding, and then histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) occupied this region to reduce the level of histone acetylation. We regulated the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of mouse bone marrow stromal cells through modulation of DNA methylation and histone acetylation status. In addition, in bone marrow stromal cells from the glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIO) mouse, hypomethylation of CpG sites, higher binding of PPARγ, acetylated histones 3 and 4, and reduced binding of HDAC1 in the −1286 bp/−1065 bp region of C/EBPα promoter were observed, compared with normal mice. This study provides a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis regulated by C/EBPα in synergy with PPARγ, and suggests a molecular model for how DNA methylation and histone acetylation are linked by PPARγ to regulate differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells.
Biochemical and structural characterization of a novel bacterial manganese‐dependent hydroxynitrile lyase
Authors: Hajnal Ivan , Łyskowski Andrzej , Hanefeld Ulf , Gruber Karl , Schwab Helmut , Steiner Kerstin 
Published: August 2013

Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs), which catalyse the decomposition of cyanohydrins, are found mainly in plants. In vitro, they are able to catalyse the synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins, which are versatile building blocks in the chemical industry. Recently, HNLs have also been discovered in bacteria. Here, we report on the detailed biochemical and structural characterization of a hydroxynitrile lyase from Granulicella tundricola (GtHNL), which was successfully heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The crystal structure was solved at a crystallographic resolution of 2.5 Å and exhibits a cupin fold. As GtHNL does not show any sequence or structural similarity to any other HNL and does not contain conserved motifs typical of HNLs, cupins represent a new class of HNLs. GtHNL is metal‐dependent, as confirmed by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectroscopy, and in the crystal structure, manganese is bound to three histidine and one glutamine residue. GtHNL displayed a specific activity of 1.74 U·mg−1 at pH 6 with (R)‐mandelonitrile, and synthesized (R)‐mandelonitrile with 90% enantiomeric excess at 80% conversion using 0.5 m benzaldehyde in a biphasic reaction system with methyl tertiary butyl ether.
Metacommunity structure of aquatic gastropods in a river floodplain: the role of niche breadth and drift propensity
Authors: Funk Andrea , Schiemer Friedrich , Reckendorfer Walter 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Metacommunity ecology predicts the relative importance of environmental and spatial processes in the structure of species assemblages. Such processes may act differentially on subsets of the community characterised by specific traits. To gain a deeper insight into these mechanisms, we supplemented a common method of studying metacommunities with an analysis of individual species and their traits.

River floodplains are challenging environments for metacommunity analysis due to their spatial heterogeneity, temporal stochasticity and configurations of the networks of waterbodies.

An analysis of aquatic gastropods showed that both environmental and spatial factors had significant influence. Within the spatial variables tested, the configuration of the floodplain network upstream of a sampling site was particularly important. An analysis of individual species revealed that traits related to niche breadth and drift propensity were significant for structuring the assemblages: species with a broad niche width (i.e. generalist, or neutral species) and a high drift propensity were governed more by the spatial configuration, whereas environmental conditions mainly determined the distribution of specialists having traits that prevented drift.

These results can be interpreted as a trade‐off between habitat specialisation and colonisation ability: specialists succeed locally due to competitiveness and a strategy of reducing risks by preventing drift, whereas generalists may succeed regionally due to a strategy of spreading risks, by high levels of reproductive output, dispersal rates and adaptability.

Our findings have implications for schemes to restore river floodplains that affect the aquatic network, with subsequent effects on community assembly and thus on biodiversity.
Linking carbon and nitrogen metabolism to depth distribution of submersed macrophytes using high ammonium dosing tests and a lake survey
Authors: Yuan Guixiang , Cao Te , Fu Hui , Ni Leyi , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Wei , Song Xin , Xie Ping , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Strategies of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) utilisation are among the factors determining plant distribution. It has been argued that submersed macrophytes adapted to lower light environments are more efficient in maintaining C metabolic homeostasis due to their conservative C strategy and ability to balance C shortage. We studied how depth distributions of 12 submersed macrophytes in Lake Erhai, China, were linked to their C‐N metabolic strategies when facing acute dosing.

dosing changed C‐N metabolism significantly by decreasing the soluble carbohydrate (SC) content and increasing the ‐N and free amino acid (FAA) content of plant tissues.

The proportional changes in SC contents in the leaves and FAA contents in the stems induced by dosing were closely correlated (positive for SC and negative for FAA) with the colonising water depths of the plants in Lake Erhai, the plants adapted to lower light regimes being more efficient in maintaining SC and FAA homeostasis.

These results indicate that conservative carbohydrate metabolism of submersed macrophytes allowed the plants to colonise greater water depths in eutrophic lakes, where low light availability in the water column diminishes carbohydrate production by the plants.
Lipid‐rich zooplankton subsidise the winter diet of benthivorous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in a subarctic lake
Authors: Eloranta Antti P. , Mariash Heather L. , Rautio Milla , Power Michael 
Published: August 2013

SummaryGeneralist fish species commonly act as important links between littoral and pelagic habitats and food‐web compartments in lakes. However, diet and habitat links may depend significantly on seasonal availability of, and qualitative differences between, littoral and pelagic prey and on fish size. Despite increasing interest in food‐web dynamics, little is known about the seasonal changes in, or qualitative differences between, littoral and pelagic trophic pathways supporting generalist fish species in high‐latitude lakes.We used stomach contents together with analyses of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and fatty acids to study the winter and summer diet of generalistArctic charr and determine the qualitative differences between littoral and pelagic prey items. We were particularly interested to determine whetherArctic charr are able to utilise abundant and lipid‐rich winter zooplankton resources in subarcticLakeSaanajärvi, northernFinland.Arctic charr fed actively on cladoceran zooplankton in both seasons, despite the higher abundance and higher lipid content of calanoid copepods. Although the stomach contents consisted mainly of zooplankton in summer, the isotopic compositions of muscle and liver suggestArctic charr relied more on littoral carbon sources throughout the year. Fatty acid analysis indicated thatArctic charr had lower amounts of body fat and total and essential fatty acids in winter compared with summer.Observed seasonal feeding activity and dietary shifts were partly related toArctic charr size. Small (<200 mm)Arctic charr had more empty stomachs in winter, but higher amounts of zooplankton in stomachs and of essential fatty acids in muscle tissue in summer compared with larger (>200 mm) conspecifics that had more seasonally stable feeding activity and diet.Fatty acid analysis indicated that both littoral and pelagic food sources provided similar fatty acids toArctic charr, but in general, zooplankton had higher percentages of essential fatty acids compared with zoobenthos. PelagicEudiaptomus graciloidescalanoids and littoralGammarus lacustrisamphipods had the highest concentrations of total and essential fatty acids, but only the latter prey item was found in Arctic charr stomach contents.Our study demonstrates that lipid‐rich zooplankton can subsidise the predominantly benthivorous diet of top consumers (hereArctic charr) in subarctic lakes. The results also demonstrate that littoral and pelagic trophic pathways can be highly integrated in high‐latitude lakes, as a result of the flexible foraging behaviour of top consumers such as Arctic charr.