bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Little peaks with big effects: establishing the role of minor plant volatiles in plant–insect interactions
Authors: CLAVIJO MCCORMICK ANDREA , GERSHENZON JONATHAN , UNSICKER SYBILLE B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPlants emit complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds from floral and vegetative tissue, especially after herbivore damage, so it is difficult to associate individual compounds with activity towards pollinators, herbivores or herbivore enemies. Attention has usually focused upon the biological activity of the most abundant compounds; but here, we detail a number of reports implicating minor volatiles in attractant or deterrent roles. This is not surprising given the exquisite sensitivity of insect olfactory systems for certain substances. In this context, it is worth reconsidering the methods involved in sampling volatile compounds from plants, measuring their abundance and determining their biological activity to ensure that minor compounds are not overlooked. Here, we describe various experimental approaches and chemical and statistical methods that should increase the chance of detecting minor compounds with major biological activities.
Decreased granulomatous reaction by polyurethane‐coated stent in the trachea
Authors: Matsui Hikoro , Hiroma Takehiko , Hasegawa Hisaya , Ogiso Yoshifumi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundReducing granulomatous reaction for stent implantation is important for the treatment of tracheobronchomalacia because formation of granuloma leads to refractory complication causing further respiratory distress. The purpose of this study was to clarify granulomatous reaction of newly innovated coated stents compared to non‐coated metal stents.MethodsMaterials and animal experiments were performed using the newly invented metallic stent (laser‐cut stainless steel with a coating of polyurethane). In the materials experiment, the correlation between the holding force and deformity was tested by a compressor. In the animal examination, coated stents were orally implanted into the trachea in five rabbits, while non‐coated stents were implanted in another five rabbits. After 3 weeks' observation, the inner diameter was measured by 3‐D computed tomography, and the number of granulation tissues was counted by bronchofiberscope. Histological investigation followed in both groups.ResultsIn the materials experiment, new stents demonstrated a holding force similar to stainless steel stents. In the animal experiment, no difference was found in the inner diameter of the coated and non‐coated stent groups (5.70 ± 0.17 vs 5.60 ± 0.27, P = 0.07). However, the number of granulation tissues was higher in non‐coated stents than in coated stents (1.60 ± 0.55 vs 0.40 ± 0.55, P < 0.01). Histological investigation showed direct attachment of metal to the tracheal wall around the non‐coated stents where epithelial structure was destroyed, while tracheal epithelia were preserved in the group of coated stents.ConclusionsThe new polyurethane‐coated metallic stent maintains enough holding force, and reduces histobiological reaction to foreign bodies in this experiment.
Early aggressive nutrition enhances language development in very low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Shim So‐Yeon , Ahn Hye Mi , Cho Su Jin , Park Eun Ae 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundInadequate nutrition in very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants is known to be associated with growth failure and poor neurological outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association of early aggressive protein and energy intakes with weight gain and 18‐month neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants.MethodsA total of 90 infants among 129 infants who survived to discharge were included and divided into two groups (early aggressive nutrition [n = 52] vs conventional nutrition [n = 38]). Clinical findings were compared between the two groups and daily protein and energy intakes were collected for the first 4 weeks of life. Multiple regression analyses tested the association between weekly protein or energy intakes and the result of each category of the Denver Developmental Screening Test II at 18 months' corrected age or weight gain.ResultsThe early aggressive nutrition group had higher rates of normal language development and lower rates of growth failure (<10th percentile) at both 40 weeks' and 18 months' corrected age compared to the conventional nutrition group. After controlling for the confounding variables, higher first week protein and energy intakes each independently contributed to normal language development (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 9.4 [1.8–49.6] per 1 g/kg of protein increase and 1.7 [1.1–2.8] per 10 kcal/kg of energy increase). Higher first‐week protein intake was associated with a higher weight at 40 weeks' corrected age (r = 0.41, P = 0.005).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the importance of the protein and energy intakes in VLBW infants in the first week of life not only for growth but also for better language development.
Wittgenstein and Friendship
Authors: Savickey Beth 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn his article “It's a Wonderful Life,” Ronald Hall connects Wittgenstein's last words with Frank Capra's 1946 film. His analysis focuses on the concept of wonder, but he misses one of the most important aspects of both the film and Wittgenstein's last words: the significance of friendship. This is philosophically (and biographically) important because it raises questions about aspect‐seeing, friendship and everyday life. Wittgenstein's final words provide a striking example of the philosophical complexity of his life and work.
Systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhang Xiao Lei , Chi Yong Hui , Wang Le Feng , Wang Hong Shi , Lin Xiang Min 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveSystemic inflammation plays an important role in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of the present study was to assess the association of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, with in‐hospital outcomes in patients with COPD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsA total of 378 patients with COPD who were treated with PCI from January 2007 through January 2012, were divided into two groups according to hs‐CRP level at admission. Demographics, clinical, angiographic data and in‐hospital outcomes were compared.ResultsPatients with elevated hs‐CRP (≥3 mg/L) were more likely to be female and current smokers, had more severe airflow limitation, more hypertension, diabetes and cardiac dysfunction and had increased incidence of three‐vessel disease and more type C lesions. Subjects with elevated hs‐CRP were also less likely to have been prescribed with statins and B‐blockers, perhaps. Rate of in‐hospital composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was higher (15.5% vs 8.2%, P = 0.041) and hospital stay was longer (8.2 ± 2.0 vs 7.5 ± 1.7 days, P < 0. 001) in patients with elevated hs‐CRP. A combined analysis of MACE on the basis of airflow limitation and hs‐CRP showed an exaggerated hazard ratio in the presence of both severe airflow limitation and elevated hs‐CRP. In a multivariate analysis, elevated periprocedural hs‐CRP was independently related with MACEs and hospital stay.ConclusionsElevated periprocedural hs‐CRP is independently and additively related with increased incidence of in‐hospital adverse outcomes in COPD patients undergoing PCI.
Histological diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases by cryo‐transbronchial biopsy
Authors: Fruchter Oren , Fridel Ludmila , El Raouf Bayya Abed , Abdel‐Rahman Nader , Rosengarten Dror , Kramer Mordechai R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe gold standard for the histological diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is an open lung biopsy (OLB). Tissue samples obtained by forceps transbronchial lung biopsies (TBB) are usually too small. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cryo‐TBB for the diagnosis of ILD and to explore its role as substitute for OLB.MethodsSeventy‐five patients (mean age 56.2 years) with clinical and radiological features suggestive of ILD underwent cryo‐TBB under moderate sedation. The diagnostic contribution on the work‐up of suspected ILD was assessed.ResultsNo major complications occurred during cryo‐TBB procedures. The mean cross‐sectional area of the biopsy specimen obtained was 9 mm2 with an average of 70% alveolated tissue. The most common pathological diagnoses were idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (n = 22), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (n = 11) and usual interstitial pneumonitis (n = 7). There were three patients of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis and one patient of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. A definite and probable clinicopathological consensus diagnosis was possible in 70% and 28% of patients, respectively. In only 2% of patients' diagnosis could not be established.ConclusionsCryo‐TBB is a safe and effective minimally invasive modality for the diagnosis of ILD. No OLB is needed in the majority of patients.
Patients' strategies to deal with their situation at an emergency department
Authors: Elmqvist Carina , Frank Catharina 
Published: April 2014

IntroductionThe care in the emergency department (ED) is often characterised by high standards of efficiency and rapid treatment and the encounter between patient and staff can be described as both short and fragmented. Research within this field has mostly been performed with quantitative measurements and patients are both satisfied and vulnerable in their care at an ED. There is a lack of qualitative studies about patient's strategies to deal with their situation.AimThe aim was to describe patient's strategies for dealing with their situation at an ED.MethodsSecondary analysis has been made of 13 qualitative interviews grounded in a lifeworld perspective. The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe results showed that patients' strategies to deal with the situation at the ED are passive or active. The passive strategy is being patient and the active strategies varied in terms of having hidden tactics, using visible tactics and using families as support.ConclusionThese findings increase the importance of gaining knowledge about these strategies so that the staff at the ED can support the patients so they do not have to use them.
Classification Error of the Thresholded Independence Rule
Authors: Bak Britta Anker , Jensen Jens Ledet , Fenger‐Grøn Morten 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe consider classification in the situation of two groups with normally distributed data in the ‘largepsmalln’ framework. To counterbalance the high number of variables, we consider the thresholded independence rule. An upper bound on the classification error is established that is taylored to a mean value of interest in biological applications.
Beyond the Time Crunch: New Directions in the Sociology of Time and Work
Authors: van den Scott Lisa‐Jo K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe sociology of work is particularly poised to study the meaning of time within institutions and organizations at its most sociological manifestation – the point where groups of people come together to accomplish joint goals. Previous work has offered useful concepts to help us understand temporality and tempography, home and work balance, temporal practices and mindsets towards time. Most of this work, however, which directly or peripherally treats time in the workplace, has focussed on the work–life balance. The actual temporal experiences of workers, however, are relatively absent in this literature. In this review article, I outline previous contributions from sociologists of work and offer ways in which work from the broader literature on the sociology of time can enhance this field. I address how future research should focus on how “time work” is accomplished in workplaces and on issues of class and gender.
Sociological Social Psychology and Intersectionality: A Synergistic Relationship
Authors: Lancianese Donna A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSociological social psychology developed out of interdisciplinary knowledge growth. Despite this positive progress, critics have argued that sociological social psychologists need to “step up their game”. In this paper, I review the three “faces” of sociological social psychology and propose a potential avenue to address this critique by incorporating ideas from intersectionality research into sociological social psychology's paradigms. To accomplish this integration, I also discuss the background and current debates of intersectionality research. Intersectionality scholarship originated in the gender studies area and has always been multidisciplinary. However, notions from intersectionality have not spread widely within the field of sociological social psychology. I propose a true synergy between sociological social psychology and intersectionality with the hope of advancing both fields.
American Indian Policy in the States
Authors: Witmer Richard C. , Johnson Joshua , Boehmke Frederick J. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesWe investigate whether American Indian legislation is prevalent in state legislative agendas.MethodsWe examine proposed and passed legislation in states for the years 1998–2007.ResultsOur findings suggest that states with legislative and executive institutions that address Native issues, as well as larger American Indian constituencies, are more likely to initiate and pass American Indian legislation. We also find that states with larger legislative agendas propose and pass more Native legislations, although the amount of Native legislation has been dropping in recent years.ConclusionNative legislation is on the state policy agenda and both Indian Nations and state governments influence the size of the Native policy agenda.
Teaching and Salaries in Social Science: A Research Note
Authors: Stack Steven 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesResearch on the relationship between teaching productivity and base salary is sparse, but tends to find no association. However, the research is based largely on student evaluations (student evaluation of teaching (SET)). No study uses peer review of teaching, which may capture qualities of excellence in teaching missed by SETs. The present study addresses this gap.MethodsData refer to all 70 faculty in the social sciences at a Carnegie research‐extensive university. Measures of teaching include peer‐review scores, student evaluations, and teaching awards. Controls are incorporated for other predictors of base salary, including research productivity, years of experience, service, and demographics.ResultsControlling for the other variables, peer review of teaching was unrelated to base salary. However, each year of experience enhanced salary by $905, each book was associated with $2,309 in salary, and membership in the economics department enhanced salary by $23,076. The full model explained 84 percent of the variation in base salaries.ConclusionPeer review of teaching was no better a predictor of salary than SETs. While excellence in teaching is often believed to affect base salary, the present analysis finds no evidence that this is the case. Future work is needed to assess the association in other organizational contexts.
Does Radical Partisan Politics Affect National Income Distributions? Congressional Polarization and Income Inequality in the United States, 1913–2008*
Authors: Kwon Roy 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveRecent research indicates that political polarization in Congress and income inequality share a closely linked positive association. But virtually no studies examine the direction of influence between these variables as it is assumed that income inequality causes political polarization. The major purpose of this investigation is to examine the temporal causal ordering of these variables.Methods. This study constructs a time series national‐level data set with information for the years 1913 to 2008. Vector autoregression and granger causality tests are utilized to explore the temporal causal ordering of congressional polarization and the income share of the top 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 percent of earners in the United States. Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity regressions are also employed to assess the strength of the association between congressional polarization and top incomes net of relevant control variables.Results. The findings indicate that the past values of congressional polarization are better predictors of top income shares than vice versa. The results also demonstrate that polarization in the House of Representatives produces a more consistent and robust connection with top incomes than polarization in the Senate. Lastly, congressional polarization only produces robust associations with the income share of the top 0.1 and 1.0 percent of earners but not for the top 5.0 and 10.0 percent.Conclusion. While the Senate possesses more powerful negative agenda control procedures to stifle the legislative processes vis‐à‐vis the House, it is polarization in the latter that returns the more robust associations with income inequality.
The Spatial and Demographic Determinants of Racial Threat
Authors: Zingher Joshua N. , Steen Thomas M. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveAlthough scholars have cast doubt on Key's () racial threat hypothesis, race continues to play a central role in American politics. But does living in a racially diverse context lead to liberalization or a white backlash? We aim to test the validity of the racial threat hypothesis in the modern‐day Deep South.MethodsThe data used for this analysis span multiple federal elections from the state of Louisiana, from 2000, 2004, and 2008, in addition to census data from 2000 and 2010. We utilize ArcGIS mapping software to construct a detailed depiction of voters’ racial environments.ResultsWe find that whites who live in racially diverse precincts exhibit lower rates of turnout than whites in homogenous precincts; however, segregation within the precinct mitigates the liberalizing effects of precinct‐level diversity among whites.ConclusionThe results of our analysis provide help to clarify the previously mixed empirical findings regarding the geographic distribution of minorities and white racial conservatism.
Diarrhea caused by viruses in transplant recipients
Authors: Lee L.Y. , Ison M.G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDiarrhea is a common complication after solid organ transplantation, and viruses are emerging as important but underestimated causative agents. Viral infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients can result in severe and prolonged diarrhea with significant patient morbidity and graft complications. Cytomegalovirus remains the most common of the viruses to cause diarrhea, but other viruses are being increasingly recognized, including norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of these viral causes of diarrhea in SOT patients.
Candida arteritis occurring in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Lladó L. , Solé C. , Bodro M. , Baliellas C. , Sabé N. , Petit A. , Ramos E. , Carratalà J. , Fabregat J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report the first case, to our knowledge, of Candida arteritis in a liver transplant recipient. The patient presented with hemorrhagic shock requiring emergency arterial repair. As Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata were growing in the arterial tissue, the patient received antifungal therapy for 5 months, but died because of chronic graft dysfunction. No evidence of fungal infection was found in the tissue on postmortem examination.
Mapping the fine specificity of ABO monoclonal reagents with A and B type‐specific function‐spacer‐lipid constructs in kodecytes and inkjet printed on paper
Authors: Barr Katie , Korchagina Elena , Ryzhov Ivan , Bovin Nicolai , Henry Stephen 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundMonoclonal (MoAb) reagents are routinely used and are usually very reliable for the serologic determination of ABO blood types. However, the fine specificity and cross‐reactivity of these reagents are often unknown, particularly against synthetic antigens used in some diagnostic assays. If nonserologic assays or very sensitive techniques other than those specifically prescribed by the manufacturer are used, then there is a risk of incorrect interpretation of results.Study Design and MethodsForty‐seven MoAbs and two polyclonal ABO reagents were tested against red blood cell (RBC) kodecytes prepared with A trisaccharide, A Type 1, A Type 2, A Type 3, A Type 4, B trisaccharide, B Type 1, B Type 2, acquired B trisaccharide, and Lea trisaccharide function‐spacer‐lipid (FSL) constructs. Natural RBCs were tested in parallel. In addition these FSL constructs were printed onto paper with a desktop inkjet printer and used in a novel immunoassay that identifies reactivity through the appearance of alphanumeric characters.ResultsMapping of MoAbs with kodecytes and printed FSL constructs revealed a series of broad recognition patterns. All ABO MoAbs tested were reactive with the RBC dominant Type 2 ABO antigens. Unexpectedly some anti‐A reagents were reactive against the B Type 1 antigen, while others were poorly reactive with trisaccharide antigens.ConclusionsAll ABO MoAbs detect the RBC dominant Type 2 ABO antigens; however, some reagents may show minor reactivity with inappropriate blood group antigens, which needs to be considered when using these reagents in alternative or highly sensitive analytic systems.
Growing Lemons or Cherries? Pre and Post‐acquisition Performance of Foreign‐Acquired Firms in New EU Member States
Authors: Damijan Jože , Kostevc Črt , Rojec Matija 
Published: April 2014

AbstractForeign acquisitions are an increasingly important mode of FDI in the new EU member states (NMS). Using firm‐level data and a common estimation framework for seven NMS, we study pre‐ and post‐acquisition performance of acquired firms. This paper, to the best of our knowledge, represents the first comprehensive study of the pre‐ and post‐acquisition performance of foreign‐acquired firms in NMS. Distinguishing between the impact of target selection and post‐acquisition improvements on performance, we find that, on average, foreign investors are targeting ‘lemons’ with growth potential rather than ‘picking cherries’. Regardless of targeting ‘cherries’ or ‘lemons’, performance of acquired firms improved after the acquisition, whereby the boost in productivity is not achieved by reducing employment but mostly by increased efficiency in the use of production factors especially labour.