bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental DNA methylation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α promoter is associated with maternal gestational glucose level
Authors: Xie Xuemei , Gao Hongjie , Zeng Wanjiang , Chen Suhua , Feng Ling , Deng Dongrui , Qiao Fu-yuan , Liao Lihong , McCormick Kenneth , Ning Qin , Luo Xiaoping 
Published: April 2015

Intrauterine exposure to hyperglycaemia may increase the risk of later-life metabolic disorders. Although the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, epigenetic dysregulation in fetal programming has been implicated. With regard to energy homoeostasis, PGC-1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α, encoded by the PPARGC1A gene) plays a regulatory role in several biochemical processes. We hypothesized that maternal gestational glucose levels would positively correlate with DNA methylation of the PPARGC1A promoter in placental tissue. We undertook a cross-sectional study of 58 mothers who underwent uncomplicated Caesarean delivery in a university hospital. Maternal gestational glucose concentration was determined after a 75-g OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Placenta tissue and cord blood were collected immediately after delivery. Genomic DNA was extracted and thereafter bisulfite conversion was performed. After PCR amplification, the DNA methylation of the PPARGC1A promoter was quantified using a pyrosequencing technique. The protein level of PGC-1α was evaluated by Western blotting. For all participants as a whole, including the GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) and normoglycaemia groups, the maternal gestational glucose level was positively correlated with placental DNA methylation, and negatively correlated with cord blood DNA methylation of the PPARGC1A promoter in a CpG site-specific manner. In the GDM group alone, the placental CpG site-specific methylation of the PPARGC1A promoter strongly correlated with gestational 2-h post-OGTT glycaemia. Epigenetic alteration of the PPAGRC1A promoter may be one of the potential mechanisms underlying the metabolic programming in offspring exposed to intrauterine hyperglycaemia.
Balanced dual‐band BPF with intrinsic common‐mode suppression on double‐layer substrate
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhu Lei , Wong Sai‐Wai , Chen Dong , Guo Zai‐Cheng 
Published: April 2015

A balanced dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with enhanced common‐mode (CM) suppression is proposed. The dual‐band differential‐mode (DM) bandpass response is obtained using a double‐layer substrate. The stub‐loaded stepped‐impedance resonators are used both in the top and the bottom layers to constitute a dual‐band BPF with two controllable passbands. The slotline portion in the middle layer is excited under DM operation. Moreover, the even‐symmetrical field along the slotline is highly attenuated under CM excitation, thus achieving excellent CM suppression over the desired DM passbands. To verify the proposed concept, a balanced dual‐band BPF, operating at 1.9 and 2.8 GHz, is designed and fabricated, and the simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Effects of trawling on sessile megabenthos in the Great Barrier Reef and evaluation of the efficacy of management strategies
Authors: Pitcher C. Roland , Ellis Nick , Venables William N. , Wassenberg Ted J. , Burridge Charis Y. , Smith Greg P. , Browne Matthew , Pantus Francis , Poiner Ian R. , Doherty Peter J. , Hooper John N.A. , Gribble Neil 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A series of related research studies over 15 years assessed the effects of prawn trawling on sessile megabenthos in the Great Barrier Reef, to support management for sustainable use in the World Heritage Area. These large-scale studies estimated impacts on benthos (particularly removal rates per trawl pass), monitored subsequent recovery rates, measured natural dynamics of tagged megabenthos, mapped the regional distribution of seabed habitats and benthic species, and integrated these results in a dynamic modelling framework together with spatio-temporal fishery effort data and simulated management. Typical impact rates were between 5 and 25% per trawl, recovery times ranged from several years to several decades, and most sessile megabenthos were naturally distributed in areas where little or no trawling occurred and so had low exposure to trawling. The model simulated trawl impact and recovery on the mapped species distributions, and estimated the regional scale cumulative changes due to trawling as a time series of status for megabenthos species. The regional status of these taxa at time of greatest depletion ranged from ∼77% relative to pre-trawl abundance for the worst case species, having slow recovery with moderate exposure to trawling, to ∼97% for the least affected taxon. The model also evaluated the expected outcomes for sessile megabenthos in response to major management interventions implemented between 1999 and 2006, including closures, effort reductions, and protected areas. As a result of these interventions, all taxa were predicted to recover (by 2–14% at 2025); the most affected species having relatively greater recovery. Effort reductions made the biggest positive contributions to benthos status for all taxa, with closures making smaller contributions for some taxa. The results demonstrated that management actions have arrested and reversed previous unsustainable trends for all taxa assessed, and have led to a prawn trawl fishery with improved environmental sustainability.
Current and historical distribution of the American eel Anguilla rostrata in the countries and territories of the Wider Caribbean
Authors: Benchetrit José , McCleave James D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The American eel is a widely distributed, facultatively catadromous fish that is reported to range from southern Greenland to the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Despite such a broad distribution, our understanding of the species' biology and ecology is based on research carried out almost exclusively in Canada and the United States. As one moves south from the United States through both the Antilles and Mexico, progressively less is known about the species. Even farther south, in Central and South America, information is sufficiently scant as to raise doubt on whether or not the species occurs there at all. This study compiled available quantitative information from literature and museum records and qualitative information from other literature and personal contacts on the distribution of the American eel from Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Antilles, to provide the first comprehensive description of the species' historical and current distribution in the region. The results of this investigation confirm that the American eel was historically, and continues to be, widely distributed throughout the Wider Caribbean region, extending all the way to eastern Venezuela and the island of Trinidad. Furthermore, this work also addresses habitat loss and degradation, pollution, and increasing pressure from developing commercial fisheries as the major threats facing the species both locally in, and broadly throughout, the region. If effective management and conservation of the panmictic American eel is to be achieved, it is of critical importance that greater efforts be made to promote and encourage research on the species' basic ecology in the Wider Caribbean region.
Uneven Distribution of Microgranules in Divided Lansoprazole Tablets
Authors: Teitelbaum Gillian A. , Teitelbaum Jonathan E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectives:Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used in children <12 months of age despite a lack of efficacy and safety data in this age group. To achieve lower doses in this population, many divide standard oral disintegrating tablets. This study seeks to determine if the medication is equally distributed within the tablet to allow for accurate dosing.Methods:Ten 15‐mg Prevacid SoluTabs were divided. Each portion was dissolved separately (half A, B, and the residual “dust” C) and photographed. A magnified view of the image allowed for counting each microgranule.Results:The mean number and standard deviation of microgranules in half A, B, and part C were 2514.7 ± 130.5, 2342.9 ± 130.1, and 49.4 ± 38.8, respectively. The total number of microgranules per tablet was 4907 ± 140.5. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean number of microgranules in half A versus B (P = 0.0086).Conclusions:There are statistically significant differences in the amount of lansoprazole‐containing microgranules within each half of a divided tablet. Clinicians must determine whether this difference is clinically relevant when prescribing “divided” medication to children.
Portopulmonary Hypertension in Liver Disease Presenting in Childhood
Authors: Ecochard‐Dugelay Emmanuelle , Lambert Virginie , Schleich Jean‐Marc , Duché Mathieu , Jacquemin Emmanuel , Bernard Olivier 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjective:Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is a known complication of cirrhosis in adults, but there is little information on its incidence and outcome in children with liver disease. We report 14 patients with POPH and present a synthesis of the medical literature.Methods:Diagnosis of POPH in the 14 patients was based on right‐sided heart catheterization displaying mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >25 mmHg, indexed pulmonary vascular resistances >3 Wood units · m2, and pulmonary wedge pressure <15 mmHg. A literature review added 84 patients.Results:In our unit, POPH was found in 0.5% of the children with portal hypertension, 0.9% of the children with end‐stage liver disease awaiting transplantation, and 3 children with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSSs). Analysis of 98 reported patients, including the 14 presented here, showed the cause of liver disease to be chronic liver disease or portal cavernoma in 76 instances (34 with a history of surgical portosystemic shunt) and CPSS in 22 instances. There was a precession with proven hypoxemia caused by hepatopulmonary syndrome in 6 patients. Median survival was 3 months in 56 untreated patients. An 80% 5‐year probability of survival in 42 patients was treated by CPSS closure, pulmonary vasodilators, and/or liver transplantation. Mean pretransplant mPAP was 34 and 49 mmHg in transplant survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively.Conclusions:POPH is a rare but extremely severe complication of childhood liver disease. Portosystemic shunts, whether congenital or acquired, likely play an important causative role. Early diagnosis is crucial and requires systematic screening by echocardiography in children at risk.
Maruti Manesar lockout: the flip side of people management
Authors: Narayanamurthy Gopalakrishnan , Kumar Hota Pradeep , Pati Surya Prakash , Dhal Manoranjan 
Published: April 2015

Subject area
Human Resource Management (HRM), Industrial Relations, Labor Law (Indian business context), Organizational Behavior, Trade Union and Employer-Employee Relationship.

Study level/applicability
Academic students (MBA and BBA), management trainees, HR managers and top management of organizations interested in understanding the importance HRM practices.

Case overview
This case describes an Industrial Relations situation in an automobile company in India. It begins with the mention of Maruti Suzuki India Limited's (MSIL) brush with an unprecedented labor violence that rocked its Manesar facility on July 18, 2012, eventually leading to the lock out of the same on July 21, 2012. Further, it describes the background of the company, employer-employee relationship, a series of strikes experienced by the company, incidents that led to the violence, incidents that happened on the day of violence and finally actions taken after the violence by the company, the government and the union. With such details, the case raises questions on the prolonged people management issues afflicting MSIL. It endeavors to educate the discussants on the specifics of an industrial relations system and the role of each actor toward maintaining industrial peace.

Expected learning outcomes
Understanding the role of actors of industrial relations toward effective HRM in the organization. Analyzing the compliance of the actors under the existing labor laws as applicable to the organization. Comprehending the attitude of employees, employers and industry toward each other and also toward the job. To understand the nuances of people management function and its contribution toward the violence that eventually resulted in lockout. To comprehend various organizational behavior concepts that shall help synergize the employees' objectives and employer's goal. To analyze the complete incident with relevant organizational and industrial relations (IR) theories.

Supplementary materials
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Managing the women managers: a case study of paper bag makers
Authors: Srivastava Anupma , Marwha Amita 
Published: April 2015

Subject area
Human resource management.

Study level/applicability
It is appropriate for graduate students majoring in human resource or business management. Students who are interested in studying Asian economies in the world, as they are the most growing economies in the world and at the same time have a shocking number of people employed in the informal sector.

Case overview
This case study talks about women workers who face a glass ceiling at the management level and deplorable working conditions at the informal level. This case involves women in the paper bag-making business, a part of the urban informal sector. The paper bag-making business provides employment and income generation for the urban poor. The focus in this study is on women production workers, rather than entrepreneurs or professional managers. Focus of the study will be on the change in the pattern of income distribution within the family-based household, the degree of bargaining power derived from productive work and income and impact of technology on the plight of unskilled women force and how technology and vocational training can lead to utilization of manpower being wasted because of lack of synergy between technology and the informal sector in India. Expected learning outcomes Four key points of selection, training, assessment and leadership all have been addressed in this case study, and the relevance of these points is important from the point of view of management students who have to understand the linkages and the hidden costs these informal sector occupations come with and then to device an appropriate strategy to bring and use these human resources to their full capacity by utilizing the existing resources instead of adding new ones, which in development economics is known as Solow residual.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Effect of the graphite content on the tribological properties of hybrid Al/SiC/Gr composites processed by powder metallurgy
Authors: Zeren Adalet 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of graphite content on the properties of aluminum alloy/silicon carbide/granite (Al/SiC/Gr) composites.

Design/methodology/approach
– Hardness and wear tests were applied to the powder metallurgical composites, and microstructural characterization was conducted.

Findings
– Optimum graphite content for maximum wear resistance is reported as weight 6 per cent.

Originality/value
– Results of this study may help light weight Al/SiC/Gr composites to be used in different industrial applications.
Too small to innovate? Creating value with fewer resources
Authors: Martins José Moleiro , Fernandes Manuel Teles 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explain to managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and other professionals why they need to connect innovation and value creation in their decision-making processes when dealing with new or existing products.

Design/methodology/approach
– Innovation and value creation are interconnected and you cannot have one without the other. However, to appreciate that interconnection, one needs to understand the form that value can take in products, the tangible form and the intangible. This understanding helps explain how culture and esteem affect product value, as well as how innovation happens in the technological field and in the cultural field.

Findings
– Value and innovation are intrinsically connected and this should not be overlooked in any quest for new solutions. SMEs should pay more attention when developing innovation activities to ensure that they have the most suitable organizational structures and resources.

Originality/value
– This paper clearly demonstrates the relationship between innovation and value creation.
From market-driving to market-driven
Authors: Filieri Raffaele 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on market-driven and market-driving management and analyzes the Benetton’s market orientation change from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation. Additionally, this study uses longitudinal data to measure the degree of success of the market-driven orientation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is based on a qualitative case study method and it discusses how Benetton has moved from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation.

Findings
– The paper analyzes the principal transformations the Benetton Group has gone through to implement a market-driven orientation, including the delocalization of the manufacturing and of trusted suppliers; the downstream integration process; the adoption of a flexible, efficient and responsive logistics; the implementation of a modern information systems infrastructure. Revenues data show that the company has benefited of the new orientation, but only in the short-run. Moreover, the early adoption of the market-driven orientation by competing firms (e.g. Zara) and the economic environment seem to play an influence on the performance of market-driven companies.

Research limitations/implications
– The single case study approach may limit the generalizability of the findings. However, this case study is unique and of high importance for managers in different industries.

Originality/value
– Although some studies have discussed the benefits of market-driven and market-driving orientations, no study has analysed how companies move from a market-driving to a market-driven orientation. Additionally, existing studies have proved market orientation’s influence on business performance using static measures. This study uses longitudinal data to show the effect of market-driven orientation on a company’s long-term competitive advantage.
Service and service-intensive New Zealand internationalising SMEs
Authors: Crick David , Lindsay Val 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report on service and service-intensive New Zealand-based internationalising firms in respect of their managers’ perceptions towards the usefulness of government assistance.Design/methodology/approach– Interviews were undertaken with the key decision makers in 66 service and service-intensive firms.Findings– Positive perceptions were found relating to government support at a macro-level; for example, Ministerial visits that open opportunities for managers in overseas markets. This was found to enhance micro-level support, such as individual assistance programmes.Originality/value– The contribution is at the public/private sector interaction within the international marketing literature; the area of originality involves the consideration of support at the macro, as opposed to micro-level, as this is an issue that has not received a great deal of coverage in earlier studies. A contextual aspect of originality relates to the study being undertaken with service and service-intensive firms in comparison to the manufacturing sector that has featured heavily in earlier literature.
The impact of age on innovation
Authors: Parsons Richard A 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to develop a model of individual innovation based on an employee’s innate propensity to innovate and the specific costs and benefits expected to the individual from the innovation. This model is then used to study the way an employees’ age will impact innovation.Design/methodology/approach– This paper proposes variables which drive an individual’s innovative behavior based on a literature review. This theoretical model is then maximized to show how age drives an employees’ innovation output in three ways. A small survey is used to substantiate the theory.Findings– In this model, the age of the employee becomes an important independent variable with negative elements associated with both the cost and benefit the employee will receive from their innovation efforts. However, age will be positively associated with an employee’s ability to implement and capitalize on their innovation.Practical implications– Firm’s must pay attention to the career life cycle of their employees. The human resource department must take on the task of focusing on delivering the programs needed to support older employees’ particular needs relative to producing innovation.Social implications– As the Western workforce ages, considerations for dealing with older workers and age diversity will become more important. Models such as the one developed in this paper will be important for understanding and managing the changing workforce.Originality/value– This model develops a theory of how age can impact an employee’s innovation in three specific ways that have not previously been addressed in the literature. This model also proposes an explanation for surprising results found in several prior studies.
Energy Depoliticisation in the UK: Destroying Political Capacity
Authors: Kuzemko Caroline 
Published: April 2015

Provides new insights into depoliticisation literatures by applying depoliticisation beyond economic and monetary policy to energy and climate change policy. Demonstrates ways in which forms of depoliticisation can affect political capacity to respond to new policy challenges. Challenges climate change and energy transition literatures by explaining how and why UK energy policy institutions have constrained innovation and sustainable change. Depoliticisation, as a concept, has been utilised to explain specific aspects of economic governance as it has developed over the past thirty years, particularly in certain OECD countries. This article focuses on the outcomes of three forms of depoliticisation, marketised, technocratic and non-deliberative, for political capacity. Political capacity is defined in relation to a notion of politics as social interaction, deliberation, choice and agency. Using UK energy governance as a case study it claims that the depoliticisation of energy policy has resulted in embedded corporate power, a widening disjuncture between experts and majoritarian institutions and limited knowledge structures. As a result the state’s role is still confined to giver of market signals and to temporary interventions in the face of complex and unprecedented commitments to transition the UK towards a low carbon future.