bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosal Vaccination against Tuberculosis Using Inert Bioparticles
Authors: Reljic Rajko , Sibley Laura , Huang Jen-Min , Pepponi Ilaria , Hoppe Andreas , Hong Huynh A. , Cutting Simon M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Needle-free, mucosal immunization is a highly desirable strategy for vaccination against many pathogens, especially those entering through the respiratory mucosa, such as
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Unfortunately, mucosal vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) is impeded by a lack of suitable adjuvants and/or delivery platforms that could induce a protective immune response in humans. Here, we report on a novel biotechnological approach for mucosal vaccination against TB that overcomes some of the current limitations. This is achieved by coating protective TB antigens onto the surface of inert bacterial spores, which are then delivered to the respiratory tract. Our data showed that mice immunized nasally with coated spores developed humoral and cellular immune responses and multifunctional T cells and, most importantly, presented significantly reduced bacterial loads in their lungs and spleens following pathogenic challenge. We conclude that this new vaccine delivery platform merits further development as a mucosal vaccine for TB and possibly also other respiratory pathogens.
Road traffic injury mortality and its mechanisms in India: nationally representative mortality survey of 1.1 million homes
Authors: Hsiao Marvin , Malhotra Ajai , Thakur J S , Sheth Jay K , Nathens Avery B , Dhingra Neeraj , Jha Prabhat ,   for the Million Death Study Collaborators
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo quantify and describe the mechanism of road traffic injury (RTI) deaths in India.DesignWe conducted a nationally representative mortality survey where at least two physicians coded each non-medical field staff's verbal autopsy reports. RTI mechanism data were extracted from the narrative section of these reports.Setting1.1 million homes in India.ParticipantsOver 122 000 deaths at all ages from 2001 to 2003.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAge-specific and sex-specific mortality rates, place and timing of death, modes of transportation and injuries sustained.ResultsThe 2299 RTI deaths in the survey correspond to an estimated 183 600 RTI deaths or about 2% of all deaths in 2005 nationally, of which 65% occurred in men between the ages 15 and 59 years. The age-adjusted mortality rate was greater in men than in women, in urban than in rural areas, and was notably higher than that estimated from the national police records. Pedestrians (68 000), motorcyclists (36 000) and other vulnerable road users (20 000) constituted 68% of RTI deaths (124 000) nationally. Among the study sample, the majority of all RTI deaths occurred at the scene of collision (1005/1733, 58%), within minutes of collision (883/1596, 55%), and/or involved a head injury (691/1124, 62%). Compared to non-pedestrian RTI deaths, about 55 000 (81%) of pedestrian deaths were associated with less education and living in poorer neighbourhoods.ConclusionsIn India, RTIs cause a substantial number of deaths, particularly among pedestrians and other vulnerable road users. Interventions to prevent collisions and reduce injuries might address over half of the RTI deaths. Improved prehospital transport and hospital trauma care might address just over a third of the RTI deaths.
The persistence of adolescent binge drinking into adulthood: findings from a 15-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , O'Loughlin Christina , Swift Wendy , Romaniuk Helena , Carlin John , Coffey Carolyn , Hall Wayne , Patton George 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of binge drinking in adolescence and its persistence into adulthood in an Australian cohort.Design15-year prospective cohort study.SettingVictoria, Australia.Participants1943 adolescents were recruited from secondary schools at age 14–15 years.Primary outcome measuresLevels of past-week ‘binge’ drinking (5+ standard drinks on a day, each 10 g alcohol) and ‘heavy binge’ drinking (20+ standard drinks on a day for males, 11+ for females) were assessed during six adolescent waves, and across three adult waves up to age 29 years.ResultsHalf of the males (52%) and a third of the females (34%) reported past-week adolescent binge drinking. 90% of male and 70% of female adolescent-onset binge drinkers continued to binge in young adulthood; 70% of males and 48% of females who were not adolescent-onset binge drinkers reported young adult binge drinking. Past-week heavy bingeing was less common in adolescence than adulthood. Overall, 35% of the sample (95% CI 33% to 38%) reported past-week binge drinking in adolescence and young adulthood and one-third (33%; 30% to 35%) first reported binge drinking in young adulthood; only 7% of the sample (6–8%) had binge drinking in adolescence but not young adulthood. ‘Heavy binge’ drinking occurred in adolescence and young adulthood for 9% (8% to 10%); 8% (7% to 10%) reported it in adolescence but no longer in young adulthood; and 24% (22% to 26%) began ‘heavy binge’ drinking in young adulthood. Among adolescent binge drinkers (n=821), young adult binge and heavy binge drinking were predicted by being male, adolescent antisocial behaviour and adverse consequences of drinking in adolescence.ConclusionsBinge alcohol use is common and persistent among young Australians. Efforts to prevent the onset of binge drinking during adolescence may substantially reduce harmful patterns of alcohol use in young adulthood.
Barriers to, and facilitators in, introducing integrated diabetes care in Ireland: a qualitative study of views in general practice
Authors: Mc Hugh Sheena , O'Mullane Monica , Perry Ivan J , Bradley Colin 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the barriers to, and facilitators in, improving diabetes management from the general practice perspective, in advance of the implementation of an integrated model of care in Ireland.DesignQualitative using semistructured interviews.SettingPrimary care in the Republic of Ireland.ParticipantsPurposive sample of 29 general practitioners (GPs) and two practice nurses.MethodsData were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsThe main barriers and facilitators occurred at the level of the health system but had a ripple effect at an organisational, professional and patient level. The lack of targeted remuneration for diabetes management in the Irish health system created apathy in general practice and was perceived to be indicative of the lack of value placed on chronic disease management in the health system. There were ‘pockets of interest’ among GPs motivated by ‘vocational’ incentives such as a sense of professional duty; however, this was not sufficient to drive widespread improvement. The hospital service was seen as an essential support for primary care management, although some participants referred to emerging tension between settings. The lack of coordination at the primary–secondary interface resulted in avoidable duplication and an ‘in the meantime’ period of uncertainty around when patients would be called or recalled by specialist services. Facilitators included the availability of nursing support and serendipitous access to services. The lack of resources in the community was considered to be at odds with policy to shift routine management to general practice, which is fast reaching saturation.ConclusionsAt present, intrinsic motivation is driving the improvement of diabetes care in Ireland. This will not be sufficient to implement the proposed reform including a national model of integrated care. Policymakers need to assess and prepare for the disparate levels of interest and infrastructure in primary care in Ireland to support this change.
Do men consult less than women? An analysis of routinely collected UK general practice data
Authors: Wang Yingying , Hunt Kate , Nazareth Irwin , Freemantle Nick , Petersen Irene 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo examine whether gender differences in primary care consultation rates (1) vary by age and deprivation status and (2) diminish when consultation for reproductive reasons or common underlying morbidities are accounted for.DesignCross-sectional study of a cohort of patients registered with general practice.SettingUK primary care.SubjectsPatients (1 869 149 men and 1 916 898 women) registered with 446 eligible practices in 2010.Primary outcome measuresPrimary care consultation rate.ResultsThis study analyses routinely collected primary care consultation data. The crude consultation rate was 32% lower in men than women. The magnitude of gender difference varied across the life course, and there was no ‘excess’ female consulting in early and later life. The greatest gender gap in primary care consultations was seen among those aged between 16 and 60 years. Gender differences in consulting were higher in people from more deprived areas than among those from more affluent areas. Accounting for reproductive-related consultations diminished but did not eradicate the gender gap. However, consultation rates in men and women who had comparable underlying morbidities (as assessed by receipt of medication) were similar; men in receipt of antidepressant medication were only 8% less likely to consult than women in receipt of antidepressant medication (relative risk (RR) 0.916, 95% CI 0.913 to 0.918), and men in receipt of medication to treat cardiovascular disease were just 5% less likely to consult (RR=0.950, 95% CI 0.948 to 0.952) than women receiving similar medication. These small gender differences diminished further, particularly for depression (RR=0.950, 95% CI 0.947 to 0.953), after also taking account of reproductive consultations.ConclusionsOverall gender differences in consulting are most marked between the ages of 16 and 60 years; these differences are only partially accounted for by consultations for reproductive reasons. Differences in consultation rates between men and women were largely eradicated when comparing men and women in receipt of medication for similar underlying morbidities.
Impact of helicopter emergency medical services in major incidents: systematic literature review
Authors: Johnsen Anne Siri , Fattah Sabina , Sollid Stephen J M , Rehn Marius 
Published: August 2013

IntroductionHelicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) aim to bring highly specialised crews to the major incident for triage, treatment and transport. When the site is difficult to access, HEMS may be the only mode of transportation of both personnel and patients. This systematic review will identify, describe and appraise literature regarding the role of HEMS in medical response to major incidents. We aim to improve knowledge on HEMS role in a major incident and provide a basis for future research.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review will be conducted with search phrases that combine HEMS and major incidents to identify when and how HEMS have been used. Included literature will be subject to quality appraisal and data extraction.EthicsNo ethical approval is sought because this is a literature review. It will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and the PRISMA guidelines will be followed.Registration detailsPROSPERO CRD42013004473
Pyrethroid poisoning: features and predictors of atypical presentations
Authors: Cha Yong Sung , Kim Hyun , Cho Nam Hyub , Jung Woo Jin , Kim Yong Won , Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Oh Hyun , Cha Kyoung Chul , Lee Kang Hyun , Hwang Sung Oh , Nelson Lewis S 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundAlthough pyrethroids are known for low toxicity to humans, clinical systemic characteristics of pyrethroid poisoning remain undefined. We investigated atypical presentations of pyrethroid poisoning and the predictors, among those readily assessed in the emergency department.Methods59 pyrethroid poisoning cases that were diagnosed and treated at the emergency department of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital from September 2004 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAtypical presentations were seen in 22 patients (39.3%). Atypical presentations after pyrethroid poisoning included respiratory failure requiring ventilator care (10 patients, 17.9%), hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) (6 patients, 10.7%), pneumonia (4 patients, 7.1%), acute kidney injury (6 patients, 10.7%), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <15 (19 patients, 33.9%), seizure (2 patients, 3.6%) and death (2 patients, 3.6%). There were differences between atypical versus typical groups in terms of age (62.1±3.7 vs 51.0±2.9, p=0.020), ingested amounts (300 (IQR 100–338) cc vs 100 (IQR 50–300) cc, p=0.002), and bicarbonate and serum lactate (17.4±1.1 vs 20.5±0.4, p=0.011; and 4.42 (IQR 3.60–7.91) mmol/L vs 3.01 (IQR 2.16–4.73) mmol/L, p=0.010, respectively) in initial arterial blood gas analysis. Predictors of the atypical presentations were ingested amount and serum lactate ((OR 1.004, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.008, p=0.013) and (OR 1.387, CI 1.074 to 1.791, p=0.012), respectively). The optimal points were 250 cc and 3.5 mmol/dL.Conclusions39.3% of pyrethroid poisoned patients had atypical presentations with the most common being respiratory failure requiring ventilator care. Predictors of atypical presentation were ingested amount >250 cc and serum lactate >3.5 mmol/L.
INTERFRAME CODING OF CANONICAL PATCHES FOR LOW BIT-RATE MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: MAKAR MINA , TSAI SAM S. , CHANDRASEKHAR VIJAY , CHEN DAVID , GIROD BERND 
Published: August 2013

Local features are widely used for content-based image retrieval and augmented reality applications. Typically, feature descriptors are calculated from the gradients of a canonical patch around a repeatable keypoint in the image. In this paper, we propose a temporally coherent keypoint detector and design efficient interframe predictive coding techniques for canonical patches and keypoint locations. In the proposed system, we strive to transmit each patch with as few bits as possible by simply modifying a previously transmitted patch. This enables server-based mobile augmented reality where a continuous stream of salient information, sufficient for image-based retrieval and localization, can be sent over a wireless link at a low bit-rate. Experimental results show that our technique achieves a similar image matching performance at 1/15 of the bit-rate when compared to detecting keypoints independently frame-by-frame and allows performing streaming mobile augmented reality at low bit-rates of about 20–50 kbps, practical for today's wireless links.
Shape perception of thin transparent objects with stereoscopic viewing
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Allison Robert S. 
Published: August 2013

Many materials, including water surfaces, jewels, and glassware exhibit transparent refractions. The human visual system can somehow recover 3D shape from refracted images. While previous research has elucidated various visual cues that can facilitate visual perception of transparent objects, most of them focused on monocular material perception. The question of shape perception of transparent objects is much more complex and few studies have been undertaken, particular in terms of binocular vision.
In this article, we first design a system for stereoscopic surface orientation estimation with photo-realistic stimuli. It displays pre-rendered stereoscopic images and a real-time S3D (Stereoscopic 3D) shape probe simultaneously. Then we estimate people's perception of the shape of thin transparent objects using a gauge figure task. Our results suggest that people can consistently perceive the surface orientation of thin transparent objects, and stereoscopic viewing improves the precision of estimates. To explain the results, we present an edge-aware orientation map based on image gradients and structure tensors to illustrate the orientation information in images. We also decomposed the normal direction of the surface into azimuth angle and slant angle to explain why additional depth information can improve the accuracy of perceived normal direction.
Obesity Promotes Breast Cancer by CCL2-Mediated Macrophage Recruitment and Angiogenesis
Authors: Arendt Lisa M. , McCready Jessica , Keller Patricia J. , Baker Dana D. , Naber Stephen P. , Seewaldt Victoria , Kuperwasser Charlotte 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Obesity is one of the most important preventable causes of cancer and the most significant risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Compared with lean women, obese women are more likely to be diagnosed with a larger, higher grade tumor, an increased incidence of lymph node metastases, and elevated risk of distant recurrence. However, the mechanisms connecting obesity to the pathogenesis of breast cancer are poorly defined. Here, we show that during obesity, adipocytes within human and mouse breast tissues recruit and activate macrophages through a previously uncharacterized CCL2/IL-1β/CXCL12 signaling pathway. Activated macrophages in turn promote stromal vascularization and angiogenesis even before the formation of cancer. Recapitulating these changes using a novel humanized breast cancer model was sufficient to promote angiogenesis and prime the microenvironment prior to neoplastic transformation for accelerated breast oncogenesis. These findings provide a mechanistic role for adipocytes and macrophages before carcinogenesis that may be critical for prevention and treatment of obesity-related cancer. Cancer Res; 73(19); 6080–93. ©2013 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Protein Methyltransferases in Cancer
Authors: Copeland Robert A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The protein methyltransferases (PMT) constitute a large and important class of enzymes that catalyze site-specific methylation of lysine or arginine residues on histones and other proteins. Site-specific histone methylation is a critical component of chromatin regulation of gene transcription—a pathway that is often genetically altered in human cancers. Oncogenic alterations (e.g., mutations, chromosomal translocations, and others) of PMTs, or of associated proteins, have been found to confer unique dependencies of cancer cells on the activity of specific PMTs. Examples of potent, selective small-molecule inhibitors of specific PMTs are reviewed that have been shown to kill cancers cells bearing such oncogenic alterations, while having minimal effect on proliferation of nonaltered cells. Selective inhibitors of the PMTs, DOT1L and EZH2, have entered phase I clinical studies and additional examples of selective PMT inhibitors are likely to enter the clinic soon. The current state of efforts toward clinical testing of selective PMT inhibitors as personalized cancer therapeutics is reviewed here. Clin Cancer Res; 19(23); 6344–50. ©2013 AACR.
Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition and Classification Identified by Coronary Computed Tomography
Authors: Obaid Daniel R. , Calvert Patrick A. , Gopalan Deepa , Parker Richard A. , Hoole Stephen P. , West Nick E.J. , Goddard Martin , Rudd James H.F. , Bennett Martin R. 
Published: August 2013

Background—
Computed tomography (CT) is used routinely for coronary angiography, and higher-risk features of plaques can also be identified. However, the ability of CT to discriminate individual plaque components and classify plaques according to accepted histological definitions is unknown.

Methods and Results—

We first determined CT attenuation ranges for individual plaque components using combined in vivo CT coregistered with virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) in 108 plaques from 57 patients. Comparison with contrast attenuation created plaque/contrast attenuation ratios that were significantly different for each component. In a separate validation cohort of 47 patients, these Plaque Maps correlated significantly with VH-IVUS–determined plaque component volumes (necrotic core:
r
=0.41,
P
=0.002; fibrous plaque:
r
=0.54,
P
<0.001; calcified plaque:
r
=0.59,
P
<0.001; total plaque:
r
=0.62,
P
<0.001). We also assessed VH-IVUS and CT Plaque Maps against coregistered histology in 72 (VH-IVUS) and 87 (CT) segments from 8 postmortem coronary arteries. The diagnostic accuracy of CT to detect calcified plaque (83% versus 92%), necrotic core (80% versus 65%), and fibroatheroma (80% versus 79%) was comparable with VH-IVUS. However, although VH-IVUS could identify thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA) with a diagnostic accuracy of between 74% and 82% (depending on the TCFA definition used), the spatial resolution of CT prevented direct identification of TCFA.

Conclusions—
CT-derived Plaque Maps based on contrast-adjusted attenuation ranges can define individual plaque components with a similar accuracy to VH-IVUS ex vivo. However, coronary CT Plaque Maps could not reliably classify plaques and identify TCFA, such that high-risk plaques may be misclassified or overlooked.
İTALYA-İSPANYA / ITALY-SPAIN
Authors: Esteban Lator S. I. P. 
Published: August 2013

RÉSUMÉ FRANÇAIS
Deux savants viennent de publier simultanément la version latine et française du „Livre de l'Echelle", la légende du Miʿrâğ ou voyage outretombe de Mahomet. Avec cela la question des rapports de la Divine Comédie avec l'Eschatologie musulmane semble définitivement tranchée. Asfn Palacios avait soulevé la question en 1919 et y avait répondu par l'affirmative, se basant surtout sur la légende du Miʿrâğ. Il s'agissait de découvrir la voie par laquelle Dante aurait pu connaître cette légende. Or Monneret de Villard annonça en 1944 (voir les notes) l'existence à Paris et Oxford de manuscrits de cette version. Aussitôt la guerre finie Cerulli entreprit l'étude de ces textes, qu'il publie maintenant: version latine et française, exécutées en 1264 par le notaire italien Bonaventure de Siène par ordre du roi Alphonse le Sage, utilisant la version espagnole qu'avait faite par ordre du même roi le médecin et traducteur juif Abraham Alfaquin ou Abraham de Tolède. Cerulli et Muñoz en ont publié les textes. Cerulli y ajoute des variantes, identifie les mots et locutions arabes, ajoute nombre de notes bibliographiques et critiques très pertinentes, ainsi que des tables des citations de la Bible, du Coran et des quelque 40 manuscrits utilisés dans son ouvrage. Dans la seconde partie, Cerulli publie plusieurs textes médiévaux qui montrent la diffusion de la légende dans la chrétienté médiévale. De ces textes, Muñoz en a, lui aussi, publié trois. Quelques uns prouvent que la légende était connue outre que par les dites traductions. Aux matériaux étudiés par Asin, Monneret de Villard etc., Cerulli ajoute encore d'autres, parmi lesquels prédominent ceux provenant de l'Espagne. Cerulli montre, en passant, l'intensité des rapports entre Orient et Occident au Moyen Age. Cerulli consacre la troisième partie de l'ouvrage à étudier les connaissances, dans l'Europe médiévale, des matériaux eschatologiques islamiques: il étudie en détail plusieurs écrits des théologiens. L'ouvrage se ferme pas un long chapitre sur la question „Dante et l'Islam", où il est démontré que Dante a pu connaître la légende, que celle-ci a pu lui fournir des lignes générales, que tel ou tel détail de la Comédie (le tout analysé avec la plus grande acribie) a du être suggéré en sa forme concrète par le Miʿrâğ. Cerulli tire donc une conclusion historique très prudente. Il ajoute en même temps que Dante eut le mérite de donner à ces matériaux une brillante forme artistique et un profond esprit chrétien. Cette question montrerait aussi combien intime était la collaboration humaine au Moyen Age et combien grand est le mérite de l'Espagne d'avoir, en même temps qu'elle combattait l'Islam, su transmettre à l'Europe les richesses culturelles qu'elle recevait de l'ennemi traditionnel. — L'ouvrage de Cerulli marquera une date dans l'histoire.