bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Changes of Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) in Case of Congenital Hydronephrosis – Review of Literature
Authors: Pugacevska Daila , Groma Valerija , Petersons Aigars , Melderis Ivars , Gilis Ainars 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Congenital hydronephrosis is the most common cause of antenatally detected hydronephrotic transformation. Obstruction of UPJ can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Most cases of intrinsic stenosis do not require any treatment as it disappears during growth of a child. It is considered that in these cases wave of peristalsis appears again in aperistaltic UPJ. The cells responsible for peristalsis wave impulses, mechanisms of conduction of these impulses and regulation of them are not well recognized. Similarly, it is not clear why functional UPJ stenosis appears and disappears untreated in most cases. Researchers believe that all these processes are associated with the structural peculiarities of UPJ - changes in urothelium, muscle layer and innervation. The role of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), important contributors of the urinary tract physiology, has not been extended to the obstruction of UPJ. Structural changes of UPJ wall are conclusive while choosing the most appropriate method of surgical treatment in newborns with congenital hydronephrosis.
Biologically active compounds from selected aphyllophorales mycelial cultures
Authors: Sułkowska-Ziaja Katarzyna , Muszyńska Bożena , Firlej Anna 
Published: November 2014

For a long time fungi belonging to Basidiomycota phylum have been in the center of attention because of the presence in their fruiting bodies of compounds with known therapeutic activity. Mycelial cultures of two aphyllophorales species occurring in Poland, Hydnum repandum L., and Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) Fr., were analyzed in our study. The main aim of the study was qualitative and quantitative analysis of extracts obtained from the mycelial cultures for the presence of known biologically active compounds, including phenolic acids, non-hallucinogenic indole compounds and sterols. For analyses a reversed-phase chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was used. The presence of eight phenolic acids including gallic, gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, p-coumaric protocatechuic, syringic, vanillic and cinnamic acids was confirmed in the extracts obtained from the biomass. The quantitatively predominant metabolites in biomass from in vitro cultures of H. repandum and S. crispa were protocatechuic acid (6.23 μg/g DW) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4.52 μg/g DW). Derivatives of indole such as indole, serotonin, tryptamine and tryptophan were measured quantitatively. Their total content was estimated as 1.28 μg/g DW and 3.07 μg/g DW in H. repandum and S. crispa extracts, respectively. The major metabolite found was tryptophan. In addition, ergosterol, one of the sterols present in the biomass of in vitro cultures of S. crispa was analyzed (700.87 μg/g DW). The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that mycelial cultures of domestic species of aphyllophorales are able to accumulate biologically active metabolites.
Living in the senses and learning with love – John MacMurray’s philosophy of embodied emotion
Authors: MacAllister James , Thorburn Malcolm 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this article we analyse the central role that the body plays in John MacMurray’s account of learning to be human. As with Merleau-Ponty, MacMurray rejected mind-body dualisms and argued for the need to understand what it means to be a person. Through our analysis we highlight the key principles that characterize MacMurray’s philosophy in relation to personhood and the body, namely: 1) all human knowledge and action should be for the sake of friendship and 2) human persons exist first and foremost in their bodies as ‘knowing agents’ rather than in their minds as ‘knowing subjects’. We thereafter explain MacMurray’s views on education and how it must support people to live in personal rather than functional relation with each other by attending more to bodily experience and education of the emotions. Accordingly, MacMurray considered that persons can either ‘use’ their bodily senses as mere instruments for functional purposes or they can ‘live’ in their bodily senses by learning to love (not ‘using’ but rather apprehending the real value of) other persons. In conclusion, we suggest that MacMurray’s philosophy can open up a different way of thinking about the educational value of physical activity. For MacMurray shared physical pursuits are especially educational when carried out for their own sake and when all persons’ present experience moments of bodily joy and togetherness and a better understanding of each other.
The First Adam-Second Adam Typology in John Chrysostom and Cyril of Alexandria
Authors: Naidu Ashish J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Patristic scholars have commented on the early church’s common practice of drawing catechetical instructions from the creation account in Genesis. One of the recurring motifs in such discussions is the fathers’ use of the Adam-Christ typology with its soteriological and sacramental implications. The present study briefly explores this theme in John Chrysostom and Cyril of Alexandria with particular reference to the baptism of Jesus and the theological challenge it posed to the early church: Did Jesus the Lord receive the Spirit at his baptism? Why did he need to be baptized? What is the relationship between the baptism of Jesus and Christian baptism? Both Cyril and Chrysostom make insightful use of the Adamic typology in this context as they discuss how Christ’s work restores fallen humanity from corruption and death that followed Adam’s sin. First, the study examines how the aforementioned fathers from two distinct traditions view the baptism of Jesus in the recovery of God’s grace that was lost in Adam’s fall. Second, the study will demonstrate that both Chrysostom and Cyril had much in common in their understanding of the transforming grace and work of the Spirit in refashioning the believer into a new creation at baptism. And third, it will be shown that there was a consensus on soteriological and sacramental perspectives among the Alexandrians and the Antiochenes.
Synergistic Interactions in Mixed W/O Microemulsions of Cationic Gemini and Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Chai Jinling , Liu Ningning , Liu Ning , Zhang Hengming , Chai Haihui , Liu Zhongchun 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The synergic effect between cationic Gemini imidazolium surfactant [C12(Bim)2-2Br] and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the physicochemical properties of the W/O microemulsions was studied. The properties include the molar fraction of the alcohol at the interfacial layer (Xa
i), the molar fraction of the alcohol in the oil phase (Xa
o), and the Gibbs free energy change (−Δ Go → i
o) of transferring alcohol from the continuous oil phase to the interfacial layer. The W/O microemulsion systems contain C12(Bim)2-2Br-SDS/butan-1-ol/octane/5 % NaCl solution. The values of Xa
i and Xa
o obtained from the W/O microemulsions containing the mixed surfactants are smaller than that of the microemulsion systems containing the single surfactant C12(Bim)2-2Br or SDS, while the values of −Δ Go → i
o are larger. This showed the existence of synergism between [C12(Bim)2-2Br] and SDS. The effects of alcohols, alkanes and NaCl concentrations on the values of Xa
i, Xa
o and −Δ Go → i
o, in the W/O microemulsions stabilized by C12(Bim)2-2Br and SDS were also investigated and discussed.
An Overview of Customer Loyalty, Perceived Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: Brief on Saudi Grocery Stores
Authors: Otaibi Naif Mutlaq Al , Yasmeen Kausar 
Published: November 2014

Lack perceived quality in Saudi Arabia has been repeatedly identified as one of the most formidable barriers to people for engaging in customer loyalty.Despite, the widespread establishment of shopping malls all over the country, the statistics revealed that Saudi consumers, although trying grocery shopping in some shopping malls, still prefer to do their grocery shopping activities in traditional grocery stores and convenience stores (Othaim, 2012).This paper provides an overview perceived service quality and customer satisfaction which affect Saudi customer loyalty,,and it reviews relevant previous studies that investigate the relationships among said three variables. This paper provides the critical remarks and direction for future research.
The Machine That Therefore I Am
Authors: Brown James J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFollowing Derrida, who follows the animal, this article seeks to proliferate the figures that mark the limits of the space between the “machine” and the “human.” Drawing on Erasmus's De copia, I argue that rhetoricians have long been interested in robot-like procedures. Given these machinic roots, we can understand a rhetorical education as procedural and computational and as particularly well suited to a cultural moment in which we write with (alongside) machines. In addition, I describe a robot that enacts Erasmus's method of continually rewriting the sentence “Your letter pleased me greatly.” The article thus demonstrates two ways of addressing the robot rhetor. First, it suggests that a rereading of the machinic tradition within rhetoric opens up new ways of understanding all rhetorical action as robotic. Second, echoing Ian Bogost, it demonstrates how works of “carpentry” can offer a window (albeit, a cloudy one) onto extrahuman rhetorical relations.
Cervical Length Screening
Authors: Romero Stephanie T. , Holmgren Calla C. , Feltovich Helen , Porter T. Flint , Esplin M. Sean 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to quantify the time required for transvaginal cervical length measurements during a second‐trimester anatomy scan and to evaluate patient attitudes regarding cervical length assessment.MethodsConsenting women were randomly assigned to one of the following: (1) standard arm—cervix visualized, no prespecified cervical length measurement; (2) sequential arm—3 transabdominal cervical length measurements obtained, transvaginal sonography performed if images were inadequate or if any measurement was 3 cm or less; and (3) screening transvaginal sonography arm—3 transvaginal cervical length measurements obtained. Times were recorded for the entire examination and cervical length evaluation. Participants completed a questionnaire at the end of their visits.ResultsSixty of 230 eligible women enrolled. Demographic characteristics were similar across groups except for body mass index, which was greater in the sequential arm than the screening arm (mean ± SD, 28.5 ± 7.75 versus 24.7 ± 3.89 kg/m2; P = .03). There were no differences in total examination times between the 3 arms (24.8 ± 8.59 versus 27.8 ± 8.75 versus 28.5 ± 7.78 minutes; P= .39). There were no differences across groups in participant attitudes regarding examination discomfort or embarrassment.ConclusionsPerforming screening transvaginal sonography to measure cervical length did not have a statistically significant impact on the amount of time for completion of the entire examination. Participants had positive responses regarding cervical length assessment by transabdominal and transvaginal sonography.
Dynamic range and optimization strategies for radiochromic film calibration using gradient radiation fields
Authors: Pecic Stevan , Belca Ivan , Stojadinovic Strahinja , Nidzovic Borko , Vicic Milos , Devic Slobodan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis investigation aimed to optimize gradient positioning for radiochromic film calibration to facilitate a uniform distribution of calibration points. The study investigated the influence of various parameters on gradient dose profiles generated by a physical wedge, assessing their impact on the field's dose dynamic range, a scalar quantity representing the span of absorbed doses. Numerical parameterization of the physical wedge profile was used to visualize and quantify the impact of field size, depth, and energy on the dynamic range of dose gradients. This concept enabled the optimization of the gradient positioning and estimation of the necessary number of exposures for the desired calibration dose range. An optimization algorithm based on histogram bin height minimization was developed and presented. The maximum dynamic range was achieved with a 20 20 field size at 5 cm depth. Optimization of wedge gradient positioning yielded the most uniform dose distribution with 7 exposures for the [1,10] Gy range and 8 exposures for the [1,20] Gy range. Film calibration using gradients centered at 1.6, 3, 3.5, and 7 Gy central axis (CAX), obtained through optimized gradient positioning, was showcased. The presented work demonstrates the potential for an improved film calibration process, with efficient material utilization and enhanced dosimetric accuracy for clinical applications. While the method was described for the use of a physical wedge, the methodology can be easily extended to the use of a more convenient dynamic wedge.
Tremendous Stiffness‐Changing Polymer Networks Enabled by Touch‐Induced Crystallization
Authors: Ming Xiaoqing , Zhang Dong , Zhu He , Zhang Qi , Zhu Shiping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStiffness‐changing polymers are critically needed for intelligent and adaptive applications in soft robotics and wearable electronics; however, they suffer from the requirement of persistent external stimulation. Herein, a stiffness‐changing polymer network impregnated with a supercooled ionic liquid is introduced, which undergoes touch‐induced crystallization from a soft ionogel to a stiff plastic. The network exhibits a remarkable tunability in stiffness change, with the highest value exceeding 190 000 times between the soft and stiff states (3.5 kPa vs 691.1 MPa). This tremendous transition is achieved through the first‐order liquid–solid phase transition of the supercooled ionic liquid, which is highly reversible and isochoric via a heating‐cooling process. Unlike traditional stimuli, only a single touch is needed without sustained stimulation to trigger the stiffening from soft to stiff states. Importantly, the touch‐responsive polymer network can be extended to various types of ionic liquids and monomers, indicating excellent strategic versatility. Moreover, this unique ionogel exhibits switchable adhesiveness and ionic conductivity, effectively demonstrating smart adhesives and ionic switches with enhancements of more than 66 and 5800 times, respectively. This work provides a facile and versatile strategy for designing stable stiffness‐changing polymers, unlocking significant potential applications for next‐generation smart devices.
Ce12V6 Clusters with Multi‐Enzymatic Activities for Sepsis Treatment
Authors: Liu Di , Sun Si , Qiao Huanhuan , Xin Qi , Zhou Sufei , Li Lingxia , Song Nan , Zhang Lijie , Chen Qi , Tian Fangzhen , Mu Xiaoyu , Zhang Shaofang , Zhang Jing , Guo Meili , Wang Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial enzymes, especially nanozymes, have attracted wide attention due to their controlled catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. The rising Cerium‐based nanozymes exhibit unique SOD‐like activity, and Vanadium‐based nanozymes always hold excellent GPx‐like activity. However, most inflammatory diseases involve polymerase biocatalytic processes that require multi‐enzyme activities. The nanocomposite can fulfill multi‐enzymatic activity simultaneously, but large nanoparticles (>10 nm) cannot be excreted rapidly, leading to biosafety challenges. Herein, atomically precise Ce12V6 clusters with a size of 2.19 nm are constructed. The Ce12V6 clusters show excellent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) ‐like activity with a significantly lower Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km, 0.0125 mM versus 0.03 mM of natural counterpart) and good activities mimic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). The Ce12V6 clusters exhibit the ability to scavenge the ROS including O2·− and H2O2 via the cascade reactions of multi‐enzymatic activities. Further, the Ce12V6 clusters modulate the proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and consequently rescue the multi‐organ failure in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced sepsis mouse model. With excellent biocompatibility, the Ce12V6 clusters show promise in the treatment of sepsis.
Compliant Lattice Modulations Enable Anomalous Elasticity in Ni–Mn–Ga Martensite
Authors: Repček Kristýna , Stoklasová Pavla , Grabec Tomáš , Sedlák Petr , Olejňák Juraj , Vinogradova Mariia , Sozinov Alexei , Veřtát Petr , Straka Ladislav , Heczko Oleg , Seiner Hanuš 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh mobility of twin boundaries in modulated martensites of Ni–Mn–Ga‐based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys holds a promise for unique magnetomechanical applications. This feature has not been fully understood so far, and in particular, it has yet not been unveiled what makes the lattice mechanics of modulated Ni–Mn–Ga specifically different from other martensitic alloys. Here, results of dedicated laser‐ultrasonic measurements on hierarchically twinned five‐layer modulated (10M) crystals fill this gap. Using a combination of transient grating spectroscopy and laser‐based resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, it is confirmed that there is a shear elastic instability in the lattice, being significantly stronger than in any other martensitic material and also than what the first‐principles calculations for Ni–Mn–Ga predict. The experimental results reveal that the instability is directly related to the lattice modulations. A lattice‐scale mechanism of dynamic faulting of the modulation sequence that explains this behavior is proposed; this mechanism can explain the extraordinary mobility of twin boundaries in 10M.
Product differentiation, quality, and milk price stability: The case of the Swiss cheese market
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Hug Simon , Irek Judith , Finger Robert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate potential linkages between product and quality differentiation in the cheese markets and raw milk producer prices. We analyze the co‐movements of producer prices of milk delivered to cheese processing channels with different differentiation strategies, namely industrial, artisanal, and artisanal cheese with geographical indications (GI) in the Swiss dairy market. We find that overall, product and quality differentiation in cheese markets helps milk producers achieve higher and more stable prices. Additional GI protection does not guarantee further enhancement of producer prices. Rather, its effectiveness may depend largely on the strength of GI protection and the governance of producer organizations.
Oxymetazoline as a predictor of turbinate reduction surgery outcomes: Objective support from a prospective, single‐blinded, computational fluid dynamics study
Authors: Root Zachary T. , Wu Zhenxing , Lepley Thomas J. , Schneller Aspen R. , Chapman Robbie J. , Formanek Veronica L. , Kelly Kathleen M. , Otto Bradley A. , Zhao Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundA patient's subjective response to topical nasal decongestant is often used to screen for turbinate reduction surgery suitability. However, this anecdotal strategy has not been objectively and quantitatively evaluated.MethodsProspective, longitudinal, and single‐blinded cohort study employing computational fluid dynamic modeling based on computed tomography scans at baseline, 30 min postoxymetazoline, and 2 months postsurgery on 11 patients with chronic turbinate hypertrophy.ResultsNasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) and visual analogue scale (VAS) obstruction scores significantly improved from baseline to postoxymetazoline and again to postsurgery (NOSE: 71.82 ± 14.19 to 42.27 ± 25.26 to 22.27 ± 21.04; VAS: 6.09 ± 2.41 to 4.14 ± 2.20 to 2.08 ± 1.56; each interaction p < 0.05), with significant correlation between the latter two states (r∼0.37–0.69, p < 0.05). Oxymetazoline had a broader anatomical impact throughout inferior and middle turbinates than surgery (many p < 0.05); however, the improvement in regional airflow is similar (most p > 0.05) and predominantly surrounding the inferior turbinate. Strong postoxymetazoline to postsurgery correlations were observed in decreased nasal resistance (r = 0.79, p < 0.05), increased regional airflow rates (r = ‐0.47 to −0.55, p < 0.05) and regional air/mucosa shear force and heat flux (r = 0.43 to 0.58, p < 0.05); however, only increasing peak heat flux significantly correlated to symptom score improvement (NOSE: r = 0.48, p < 0.05).ConclusionWe present the first objective evidence that the “topical decongestant test” can help predict turbinate reduction surgery outcomes. The predictive effect is driven by similar improvementin regional airflow that leading to improved air/mucosa stimulations (peak heat flux) rather than through reduced nasal resistance.
Leptin bioavailability and markers of brain atrophy and vascular injury in the middle age
Authors: Charisis Sokratis , Short Meghan I. , Bernal Rebecca , Kautz Tiffany F. , Treviño Hector A. , Mathews Julia , Dediós Angel Gabriel Velarde , Muhammad Jazmyn A. S. , Luckey Alison M. , Aslam Asra , Himali Jayandra J. , Shipp Eric L. , Habes Mohamad , Beiser Alexa S. , DeCarli Charles , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Ramachandran Vasan S. , Seshadri Sudha , Maillard Pauline , Satizabal Claudia L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigated the associations of leptin markers with cognitive function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain atrophy and vascular injury in healthy middle‐aged adults.METHODSWe included 2262 cognitively healthy participants from the Framingham Heart Study with neuropsychological evaluation; of these, 2028 also had available brain MRI. Concentrations of leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB‐R), and their ratio (free leptin index [FLI]), indicating leptin bioavailability, were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Cognitive and MRI measures were derived using standardized protocols.RESULTSHigher sOB‐R was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA, β = −0.114 ± 0.02, p < 0.001), and higher free water (FW, β = 0.091 ± 0.022, p < 0.001) and peak‐width skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD, β = 0.078 ± 0.021, p < 0.001). Correspondingly, higher FLI was associated with higher FA (β = 0.115 ± 0.027, p < 0.001) and lower FW (β = ‐0.096 ± 0.029, p = 0.001) and PSMD (β = ‐0.085 ± 0.028, p = 0.002).DISCUSSIONHigher leptin bioavailability was associated with better white matter (WM) integrity in healthy middle‐aged adults, supporting the putative neuroprotective role of leptin in late‐life dementia risk.Highlights
Higher leptin bioavailability was related to better preservation of white matter microstructure.
Higher leptin bioavailability during midlife might confer protection against dementia.
Potential benefits might be even stronger for individuals with visceral obesity.
DTI measures might be sensitive surrogate markers of subclinical neuropathology.