bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐TNF‐α therapy improves insulin sensitivity in non‐diabetic patients with psoriasis: a 6‐month prospective study
Authors: Pina T. , Armesto S. , Lopez‐Mejias R. , Genre F. , Ubilla B. , Gonzalez‐Lopez M.A. , Gonzalez‐Vela M.C. , Corrales A. , Blanco R. , Garcia‐Unzueta M.T. , Hernandez J.L. , Llorca J. , Gonzalez‐Gay M.A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivePsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death. Several studies have shown a beneficial effect of anti‐TNF‐α therapy on the mechanisms associated with accelerated atherogenesis in patients with inflammatory arthritis, including an improvement of insulin sensitivity. In this study, we aimed to determine for the first time whether the anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody adalimumab may improve insulin sensitivity in non‐diabetic patients with psoriasis.MethodsProspective study on a series of consecutive non‐diabetic patients with moderate to severe psoriasis seen at the Dermatology Division of Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla (Northern Spain) who completed 6 months of therapy with adalimumab (80 mg at week 0 followed by 40 mg every other week, starting 1 week after the initial dose). Patients with chronic kidney disease, hypertension or body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 were excluded. Metabolic and clinical evaluation including assessment of insulin sensitivity using the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) was performed at the onset of the treatment (time 0) and at month 6.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (52% women; 38.6 ± 10.7 years) with moderate to severe psoriasis [body surface area (BSA) 37.9 ± 16.3%], Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [(PASI) 18.9 ± 7.8] were assessed. Statistically significant improvement (P=0.008) of insulin sensitivity was observed after 6 months of adalimumab therapy (QUICKI at time 0: 0.35 ± 0.04 vs. 0.37 ± 0.04 at month 6). Significant improvement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ultrasensitive C‐reactive protein, BSA, PASI, Nail Psoriasis Severity Index, physician global assessment and psoriatic arthritis screening and evaluation questionnaire was also observed at month 6 (P < 0.05 for each variable).ConclusionOur results support a beneficial effect of the anti‐TNF‐α blockade on the mechanisms associated with accelerated atherogenesis in patients with psoriasis.
Introduction: Tourism Development and the Policing of Urban Space in Latin American and the Caribbean
Authors: Derrick Hodge G. , Little Walter E. 
Published: October 2014

ResumenLas relaciones entre la policía y los latinoamericanos y la policía y los turistas son complejas y en constante flujo, sobre todo en zonas turísticas. Sería tentador analizar la policía turística como agentes de intereses de la elite, pero hacerlo sería eludir el hecho crucial de que la policía de turismo y las prácticas policiales están situados dentro de matrices densas de las relaciones de poder. Nuestros datos etnográficos indican que aquellos que son marginados, ignorado, o difamado por el Estado pueden, en hecho, ejercer su agencia, utilizar su repertorio cultural para aliviar la dominación estatal, e incluso desarrollar medios de subsistencia en la economía del turismo. En conjunto, los ensayos de este número especial ilustran las múltiples y contradictorias formas en las que la policía opera en sitios de turismo de América Latina, a menudo con consecuencias sociales complicadas y no intencionales. La colocación de una lente etnográfica sobre la policía, como un mecanismo que, alternativamente, protege y disciplina a los locales y turistas igualmente, pueden dar una idea de la complejidad del estado y los imaginarios nacionales en localidades turísticas.
Gender Differences in Lifelong Learning: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Marriage and Children
Authors: Huber Peter , Huemer Ulrike 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe use recent advances in the statistical analysis of Oaxaca–Blinder decompositions for non‐linear models to analyse the contribution of individual variables to total gender differences in training participation and duration. Results suggest that effects stemming from the intra‐household division of labour contribute significantly to gender differences, but that segregation of the labour market as well as differences in the access to training by tenure, age, occupation, profession and sectors are more important.
Cerebral Collaterals and Collateral Therapeutics for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Winship Ian R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCerebral collaterals are vascular redundancies in the cerebral circulation that can partially maintain blood flow to ischemic tissue when primary conduits are blocked. After occlusion of a cerebral artery, anastomoses connecting the distal segments of the MCA with distal branches of the ACA and PCA (known as leptomeningeal or pial collaterals) allow for partially maintained blood flow in the ischemic penumbra and delay or prevent cell death. However, collateral circulation varies dramatically between individuals, and collateral extent is significant predictor of stroke severity and recanalization rate. Collateral therapeutics attempt to harness these vascular redundancies by enhancing blood flow through pial collaterals to reduce ischemia and brain damage after cerebral arterial occlusion. While therapies to enhance collateral flow remain relatively nascent neuroprotective strategies, experimental therapies including inhaled NO, transient suprarenal aortic occlusion, and electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic sphenopalatine ganglion show promise as collateral therapeutics with the potential to improve treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
Field of Dreams: Restitution of Pollinator Services in Restored Bird‐Pollinated Plant Populations
Authors: Frick Karen M. , Ritchie Alison L. , Krauss Siegfried L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEcosystem functionality is an increasingly important objective of ecological restoration. Despite this, a few studies have rigorously assessed reproductive functionality within restored plant populations, and it is largely assumed that pollinators follow restoration of plant communities—“build it and they will come.” Here, we applied an ecological genetic approach to determine the impact of spatial separation on mating in Banksia menziesii (Proteaceae), a dominant bird‐pollinated species of Banksia woodlands of Western Australia. All plants at three post‐mining restored sites (n = 72 [13 years old], n = 21 [8 years old], and n = 20 [9 years old]), as well as a sample from an adjacent natural reference site (n = 42), were genotyped at nine microsatellite loci. Seed set, mating system parameters, realized pollen dispersal through the assignment of paternity to seed, and avian pollinator species composition, abundance and behavior, were assessed. All patches displayed equivalent heterozygosity (He = 0.53–0.59) and very weak genetic divergence (FST ≤ 0.01). Seed of plants within restored sites showed complete outcrossing and relatively high seed set, 26% of which were sired by pollen donors located beyond the local patch. Similar abundance and movement of nectar‐feeding birds was observed in restored and natural sites, despite lower bird species diversity in the restored site, where a smaller, less aggressive species was dominant. Our results demonstrate the restitution of wide outcrossing in these restored Banksia patches within an active mine‐site, and suggest that restored bird‐pollinated Banksia populations are resilient to human impacts, due largely to their generalist pollinator requirements and highly‐mobile avian pollinators.
HARVEST, a longitudinal patient record summarizer
Authors: Hirsch Jamie S , Tanenbaum Jessica S , Lipsky Gorman Sharon , Liu Connie , Schmitz Eric , Hashorva Dritan , Ervits Artem , Vawdrey David , Sturm Marc , Elhadad Noémie 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective To describe HARVEST, a novel point-of-care patient summarization and visualization tool, and to conduct a formative evaluation study to assess its effectiveness and gather feedback for iterative improvements.
Materials and methods HARVEST is a problem-based, interactive, temporal visualization of longitudinal patient records. Using scalable, distributed natural language processing and problem salience computation, the system extracts content from the patient notes and aggregates and presents information from multiple care settings. Clinical usability was assessed with physician participants using a timed, task-based chart review and questionnaire, with performance differences recorded between conditions (standard data review system and HARVEST).
Results HARVEST displays patient information longitudinally using a timeline, a problem cloud as extracted from notes, and focused access to clinical documentation. Despite lack of familiarity with HARVEST, when using a task-based evaluation, performance and time-to-task completion was maintained in patient review scenarios using HARVEST alone or the standard clinical information system at our institution. Subjects reported very high satisfaction with HARVEST and interest in using the system in their daily practice.
Discussion HARVEST is available for wide deployment at our institution. Evaluation provided informative feedback and directions for future improvements.
Conclusions HARVEST was designed to address the unmet need for clinicians at the point of care, facilitating review of essential patient information. The deployment of HARVEST in our institution allows us to study patient record summarization as an informatics intervention in a real-world setting. It also provides an opportunity to learn how clinicians use the summarizer, enabling informed interface and content iteration and optimization to improve patient care.
Previous sickness absence and current low perceived social support at work among employees in the general population: a historical cohort study
Authors: Knapstad Marit , Holmgren Kristina , Hensing Gunnel , Øverland Simon 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveAlthough sickness absence often is a process over time, most studies have treated the phenomenon as a discrete event and focused more on its causes than its consequences. We aimed to examine whether various patterns of previous long-term sickness absence were associated with current low perceived social support at work.MethodThis is a historical cohort study based on data from a population-based survey among Swedish employees (n=2581). The survey data were linked to official registries yielding data on sickness absence 1–7 years prior to the survey.ResultsThe main finding was that previous sickness absence was associated with current low perceived social support at work. The highest odds for low social support were found among those who had a stable high level of sickness absence. The two indicators of perceived social support employed were somewhat differently associated with previous sickness absence: Recency of absence showed to be of importance for general support at the workplace and the relationship with colleagues and superiors. Experiencing that one's immediate superior rarely or never regards one's view was, on the other hand, mainly related to having had a high level of sickness absence, irrespective of recency.ConclusionsOur results indicate that recency and extent of previous sickness absence are related to perceived social support at work. Future research on the relationship between social support and sickness absence should use repeated measurements and acknowledge the possible bidirectional relationship.
KIR genotype distribution among symptomatic patients with and withoutHelicobacter pyloriinfection: is there any role for theBhaplotype?
Authors: Mahfouz R , Hoteit R , El Hajj N , Shammaa D , Sharara A I 
Published: October 2014

Contact of peripheral blood lymphocytes withHelicobacter pyloriwas proved to induce non- major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxicity and natural killer cells are thought to play an important role in the immunity againstH. pylori.AimsIn this research, we investigated any possible association between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genotypes andH. pyloriinfection.MethodsKIR genotype was analysed in 101 Lebanese symptomatic patients (51H. pyloripositive and 50H. pylori-negative) using theKIR Genotyping SSP kit.ResultsAmong theH. pylori-positive patients, the AA, AB and BB genotypical frequencies were, respectively, 43.14%, 41.18% and 15.68% with an A:B ratio of 1.76:1. The AA, AB and BB genotypes frequencies forH. pylori-negative individuals were 18%, 62% and 20%, respectively, with an A:B ratio of 0.96:1. No significant difference between patients and controls was detected.ConclusionsWe noticed a reduced distribution ofAhaplotype among the ‘H. pylori-negative’ patients as compared with the “H. pylori-positive” group. This is the first study in the international literature that targets the correlation between KIR genotypes andH. pylori.
General practitioners’ attitude to sport and exercise medicine services: a questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Kassam H , Tzortziou Brown V , O'Halloran P , Wheeler P , Fairclough J , Maffulli N , Morrissey D 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Aim
Sport and exercise medicine (SEM) aims to manage sporting injuries and promote physical activity. This study explores general practitioners’ (GPs) awareness, understanding and utilisation of their local SEM services.

Design
A questionnaire survey, including patient case scenarios, was administered between February and May 2011.

Participants and setting
693 GPs working in Cardiff and Vale, Leicester and Tower Hamlets were invited to participate.

Results
244 GPs responded to the questionnaire (35.2% response rate). Less than half (46%; 112/244) were aware of their nearest SEM service and only 38% (92/244) had a clear understanding on referral indications. The majority (82%; 199/244) felt confident advising less active patients about exercise. There were divergent management opinions about the case scenarios of patients who were SEM referral candidates. Overall, GPs were significantly more likely to refer younger patients and patients with sport-related problems rather than patients who would benefit from increasing their activity levels in order to prevent or manage chronic conditions (p&lt;0.01). GPs with previous SEM training were significantly more likely to refer (p&lt;0.01). The majority (62%; 151/244) had never referred patients to their local SEM clinics but of those who had 75% (70/93) rated the service as good.

Conclusions
There is a lack of awareness and understanding among GPs on the role of SEM within the National Health Service which may be resulting in suboptimal utilisation especially for patients who could benefit from increasing their activity levels.
Existence and Uniqueness of Positive Solution for Discrete Multipoint Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Ma Huili , Ma Huifang 
Published: October 2014

It is expected in this paper to investigate the existence and uniqueness of positive solution for the following difference equation: -Δ2u(t-1)=f(t,   u(t))+g(t,   u(t)),  t∈Z1,  T, subject to boundary conditions either u(0)-βΔu(0)=0, u(T+1)=αu(η) or Δu(0)=0, u(T+1)=αu(η), where 0<α<1,   β>0,  and   η∈Z2,T-1. The proof of the main result is based upon a fixed point theorem of a sum operator. It is expected in this paper not only to establish existence and uniqueness of positive solution, but also to show a way to construct a series to approximate it by iteration.
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory Activities, and Safety of Ethanol Extract and Fractions of Gongronema latifolium Fruit
Authors: Agwaramgbo Amanze , Ilodigwe Emmanuel Emeka , Ajaghaku Daniel Lotanna , Onuorah Maureen Ugochukwu , Mbagwu Sonne Ikechukwu 
Published: October 2014

Gongronema latifolium fruit has wide application in ethnomedicine, especially in maintaining healthy living and general body healing. We therefore investigated the antioxidant, immunomodulatory activities, and safety of its ethanol extract and fractions. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test while in vivo activities were determined using carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced oxidative stress. Cell and humoral mediated immune responses were also evaluated together with toxicity studies. The extract, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions showed inhibition of DPPH radical with IC50s 120, 90, and 60 μg/mL, respectively. Methanol fraction at 200 mg/kg produced significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA conc. 1.2 μmol/L) compared to control (2.8 μmol/L). Both ethyl acetate and methanol fractions at 200 mg/kg produced significant (P < 0.05) phagocytic index of 0.021 and 0.025, respectively, compared with control (0.01). Significant (P < 0.05) elevations of white blood cells, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were noticed on the 91st day at higher doses. Generally, this study justified the traditional use of G. latifolium fruit for general body healing and maintenance of healthy living. Long term administration is safe on the haematological and biochemical systems especially at lower doses and its toxicity at higher doses is reversible.
Downregulated miR329 and miR410 Promote the Proliferation and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Wnt-7b
Authors: Shiah Shine-Gwo , Hsiao Jenn-Ren , Chang Wei-Min , Chen Ya-Wen , Jin Ying-Tai , Wong Tung-Yiu , Huang Jehn-Shyun , Tsai Sen-Tien , Hsu Yuan-Ming , Chou Sung-Tau , Yen Yi-Chen , Jiang Shih Sheng , Shieh Yi-Shing , Chang I-Shou , Hsiao Michael , Chang Jang-Yang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation contributes widely to human cancer but has not been fully assessed in oral cancers. In this study, we conducted a global microarray analysis of miRNA expression in 40 pairs of betel quid–associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens and their matched nontumorous epithelial counterparts. Eighty-four miRNAs were differentially expressed in the OSCC specimens compared with the matched tissue. Among these downregulated miRNAs, 19 miRNAs were found and mapped to the chromosome 14q32.2 miRNA cluster region, which resides within a parentally imprinted region designated as Dlk-Dio3 and known to be important in development and growth. Bioinformatic analysis predicted two miRNAs from the cluster region, miR329 and miR410, which could potentially target Wnt-7b, an activator of the Wnt–β-catenin pathway, thereby attenuating the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway in OSCC. Stable ectopic expression of Wnt-7b in OSCC cells overexpressing miR329 or miR410 restored proliferation and invasion capabilities abolished by these miRNA. Combining a demethylation agent and a histone deacetylase inhibitor was sufficient to reexpress miR329, miR410, and Meg3, consistent with epigenetic regulation of these miRNA in human OSCC. Specifically, arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, reduced miR329, miR410, and Meg3 gene expression. Overall, our results provide novel molecular insights into how betel quid contributes to oral carcinogenesis through epigenetic silencing of tumor-suppressor miRNA that targets Wnt–β-catenin signaling. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7560–72. ©2014 AACR.
Check It, Change It
Authors: Thomas Kevin L. , Shah Bimal R. , Elliot-Bynum Sharon , Thomas Kristin D. , Damon Katrina , Allen LaPointe Nancy M. , Calhoun Sarah , Thomas Laine , Breathett Khadijah , Mathews Robin , Anderson Monique , Califf Robert M. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: October 2014

Background—
Although home blood pressure (BP) monitoring interventions have shown potential in selected populations, it is unclear whether such strategies can be generalized. We sought to determine whether a multifaceted BP control program that uses a web-based health portal (Heart360), community health coaches, and physician assistant guidance could improve hypertension control in a diverse community setting.

Methods and Results—
Between September 12, 2010, and November 11, 2011 Check It, Change It, a community-based hypertension quality improvement program, enrolled 1756 patients with hypertension from 8 clinics in Durham County, NC. The Check It, Change It community intervention was evaluated using a prepost study design without a concurrent control. Participants were stratified into 3 tiers according to their initial BP: tier 0 (BP <140/90 mm Hg)=51% of population, tier 1 (BP=140/90–159/99 mm Hg)=30% of total, and tier 2 (BP ≥159/99 mm Hg)=19% of total. Overall, median age was 59 years (interquartile range, 49–69), 67% were female, and 76% black. After 6 months, the mean overall systolic BP declined 4.7 mm Hg. Rates of achieving target BP control (<140/90) increased overall from 51% at baseline to 63% by 6 months, and 69% had either reached their BP target or had reduced their baseline systolic BP by 10 mm Hg or more.

Conclusions—
A multicomponent-tiered hypertension program was associated with improved BP control in a diverse community-based population.
New archaeorthopteran insects from the Late Carboniferous of the Nord and Pas-de-Calais basins in northern France (Insecta: Cnemidolestodea, Panorthoptera)
Authors: COTY DAVID , HÁVA JIŘÍ , PROKOP JAKUB , ROQUES PATRICK 
Published: October 2014

New polyneopteran insects are described from Pennsylvanian (Bashkirian, Moscovian) compressed fossils from the North of France (Insecta: Archaeorthoptera). Discovery of wing apex with distinct venation, e.g., apical fusion of RA with RP, numerous parallel posterior branches of RP with transversal crossveins, can be assigned to cf. Tococladus sp. (Cnemidolestodea: Tococladidae). It represents the second record of Cnemidolestodea from the Avion locality apart from Aviocladus pectinatus Prokop et al., 2014. Bruaylogus magnificus gen. et sp. nov., based on forewing venation, is attributed to Panorthoptera nec Orthoptera having some distinct characters for the placement either close to Oedischiidae or a more basal position possibly with affinities to genus Heterologus. Aviologus duquesnei gen. et sp. nov., based on forewing venation, differs from Oedischiidae by the presence of basal fork of M far from point of separation between M and Cu and fusion of MA with first posterior branch of RP. Aviologus share a long stem of M and simple CuPaβ with Heterologus duyiwuer and H. langfordorum, but both differ in well separated median and radial veins. These new fossils demonstrate that the archaeorthopterid insect fauna from the North of France was rather diverse with links to late Carboniferous and early Permian assemblages in Euramerica such as the Mazon Creek, Carbondale Formation or Elmo, Wellington Formation (Illinois, Kansas, USA) entomofaunas.