bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohesive Zone Property Measurement by a Hybrid Experimental and Numerical Method Using Ball Indentations
Authors: Harris J. T. , Segall A. E. , Robinson D. , Carter R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Although there are several techniques available for the evaluation of various interfacial cohesive zone properties of coatings, each has difficulties and limitations. For instance, the four-point bend method is often plagued by excessive deformation and plasticity without any coating delamination, and the button test is limited by the constant stress distribution assumption. Given such issues, a new hybrid numerical/experimental technique has been developed that is based on ball indentations, which can usually induce delamination regardless of the materials used. Using this method, indentations were first made on coated samples (nickel-on-steel and aluminum-on-aluminum for the current study) to intentionally create localized, circular delaminations, the initiation and dimensions of which were functions of the applied loads. Numerical models using finite element analysis were then used with the known indentation loads to inversely evaluate the cohesive zone properties, which reproduced the experimental results. The technique was validated based on the successful prediction of the indentation results evaluated using properties from four-point bend results.
Developing an Integrated ANP and Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS Model for Supplier Selection
Authors: Rouyendegh Babak Daneshvar 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS (IFT) methods for the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problem under uncertain environments. The study employs an evaluation methodology based on the ANP–IFT where uncertainty and subjectivity are handled with linguistic values. First, the supplier selection problem is formulated using ANP and then used to determine the weights of the criteria by considering the effects of interference and the relationship among the selection criteria. Later, IFT is used to obtain full-ranking of the alternatives based on the opinion of the decision-makers (DMs). The present model provides an accurate and easy classification of supplier attributes using a hybrid model. A numerical example is given to clarify the main results developed in this paper.
Evaluation of Rut-Depth Accuracy and Precision Using Different Automated Measurement Systems
Authors: Serigos Pedro A. , Murphy Michael , Prozzi Jorge A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Collecting accurate rutting data is important to assess network-level pavement conditions and to determine maintenance and rehabilitation needs and funding levels to optimize the use of available economic resources. The technical objective of this study was the assessment of the rut-depth (RD) accuracy and precision of different continuous automated systems (CASs), which represent the state-of-the-art for the automated data collection of rutting and discrete automated systems (DASs), which are still used by several departments of transportation in the United States. The RD values analyzed in this study were obtained by: (1) field measurements at highway speeds using five different optical CASs, and (2) calculation simulating the use of DASs with different configurations. The analysis of the first type of values assessed the closeness of the RD produced by the different CASs to the RD manually measured for this study. The analysis of the second type of values assessed the effects of the number of sensors and the width of measurement on the accuracy and precision of the DASs. In addition, the impact of the RD accuracy and precision on the assessed pavement condition at the network level was analyzed for both the CAS that participated in the experiment and the simulated DAS.
Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Environmental Effects on Chip Seal Performance: Freeze-Thaw and Asphalt Aging
Authors: Wasiuddin Nazimuddin M. , Wilson Kisler , Islam Mohammad Readul , Parker Phillip , Abadie Christopher , Mohammad Louay N. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chip seals generally deteriorate as a result of asphalt oxidation, wear and polishing of aggregates, bleeding, and raveling (loss of aggregates). In this study, two major environmental effects on chip seal performance, freeze-thaw, and asphalt aging were investigated based on laboratory tests and field distress survey. For freeze-thaw evaluation, laboratory chip seal samples were prepared for 18 combinations (6 aggregates X 3 asphaltic materials). A simple freeze-thaw protocol was developed and evaluation of freeze-thaw effect on aggregate types reveals that both the precoated and uncoated expanded shale lightweight aggregates perform comparatively very well against freeze-thaw. Evaluation of freeze-thaw effect on asphaltic material types reveals that CRS-2P, an emulsion performs significantly better than hot asphalts, namely PAC-15 and AC20-5TR. For aging evaluation, asphaltic materials were extracted from 15 (5 aggregates X 3 asphaltic materials) field test sections and increase in stiffness due to aging were determined using a dynamic shear rheometer. For each of the five aggregates, CRS-2P shows the lowest G*/sinδ, indicating minimum field aging susceptibility among the three asphaltic materials while AC20-5TR shows slightly higher G*/sinδ than PAC-15, indicating maximum field aging susceptibility. Overall field distress ratings of the CRS-2P sections (sum of distress ratings of all the CRS-2P sections) are better than those of PAC-15 and AC20-5TR. The overall distress ratings of PAC-15 sections are better than overall distress ratings of AC20-5TR. In case of aggregate types, precoated expanded shale lightweight test sections performed the best, while expanded clay lightweight sections performed very poorly. Both freeze-thaw and asphalt aging tests closely reflect field performances and it can be concluded that the freeze-thaw and aging performances can be used as effective tools for predicting long term chip seal performances.
Determination of Effective Ply-level Properties of Filament Wound Composite Tubes Loaded in Compression
Authors: Henry Todd C. , Bakis Charles E. , Smith Edward C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Flexible matrix composites are a class of fiber-reinforced polymers characterized by a low modulus of elasticity and high ultimate strain of the matrix material. Such composites are attractive for power transmission shafts, which are commonly made via processes that cause undulation (waviness) along the path of the reinforcement fibers, such as filament winding and braiding. Fiber undulations can be expected to reduce the in situ modulus and strength of the composite material in the fiber direction. The reported investigation proposes and evaluates a method for determining the effective in situ properties of the plies in filament wound tubes so that classical lamination theory (CLT) can be used to calculate effective ply-level stresses and to predict the overall modulus and strength of tubes loaded in axial compression. An experimental method is proposed to back-calculate the undulation-influenced ply properties from representative filament wound tubes using CLT together with other required ply properties determined via simpler conventional tests. This approach, along with an interactive failure criterion proposed to predict fiber microbuckling in the presence of combined compression and shear on the fibers, is able to accurately predict the axial compressive modulus and strength of a variety of tubes made with different winding angles and matrix moduli. In general, the fiber-direction compressive strength of the composites increased with increasing matrix modulus and decreased in the presence of undulation. The reduction in strength due to undulation was more apparent with increasing matrix modulus. The fiber-direction modulus of elasticity was not very sensitive to matrix modulus in undulated composites. Undulation reduced the fiber-direction modulus significantly relative to unidirectional composites, although the percent reduction could not be correlated with matrix modulus.
Improvement of Permeability Measurement Precision of Pervious Concrete
Authors: Cui Xinzhuang , Zhang Jiong , Zhang Na , Gao Zhijun , Sui Wei , Wong Cong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPervious concrete is used as the material for drainage structure in roads, buildings, and water facilities due to its excellent permeability. Existing devices for testing the permeability of pervious concrete do not consider the fluid leakage through the specimen-container interface induced by the large numbers of open pores on the surface of molded specimen. This may significantly affect the precision of the results. In this study, a new permeability test device for pervious concrete was developed and a modified permeability testing method is described. The modified method and currently used test methods were employed to measure the permeability of molded specimens with different porosities, graded aggregates, and admixtures. In order to calibrate the modified method, the permeabilites of the cored specimens were measured using the method and currently used test methods. The comparisons show that the permeabilities of the molded specimens measured using the modified method are lower than the two existing methods, and are approximate to the results of cored specimens. This indicates that for the molded specimens, the modified method can give better precision and more accuracy than the two existing methods.
Probing Organization Performance Using a New Hybrid Dynamic MCDM Method Based on the Balanced Scorecard Approach
Authors: Chen Fu-Hsiang , Tzeng Gwo-Hshiung 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In recent years, the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach has become an important performance evaluation tool. However, in order to find ways to ensure that the model more accurately reflects the interdependence and feedback problems related to each factor that occurs in real world situations, a hybrid dynamic Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) BSC model is developed. The goal is to establish an evaluation and relationship model of organization performance that is based on the BSC approach. In this approach, the DEMATEL technique is used to explore how various factors influence each other while the basic concept of analytic network process (ANP) with DEMATEL (known as DANP, DEMATEL-based ANP) is used to yield the influential weights for the dimensions/criteria. Finally, the VIKOR method is used to evaluate gaps in the performance matrix. Empirical analysis helps to determine performance gaps and improve the scores for achieving the aspiration levels for each factor which have been determined based on influential network relationship mapping using the DEMATEL technique. The results show that this method can be used to extract the major factors that can enhance an organization's management performance, leading to continuous improvement. The method can be used to help an organization to evaluate and revise its strategies, and generally to adopt modern management approaches in every day practice.
Enhancement of Inventory Management for the Wafer Manufacturing Industry by Combining Market Demand Forecast and Demand-Pull Replenishment
Authors: Chang Yung-Chia , Chang Kuei-Hu , Sun Wei-Chan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Theory of constraints (TOC) uses a demand-pull replenishment strategy with buffer management (DPBM) to effectively manage inventory. This strategy has been demonstrated to perform better than traditional inventory strategies, such as (s, S), (s, Q), (R, S), (R, s, S) policies. However, the replenishment lead time is long, and demand changes rapidly in the semiconductor industry. These characteristics cause problems in managing semiconductor inventory and complicate the inventory replenishment strategy. In order to effectively solve the issue of inventory management, this paper proposes a novel approach to improve the classical DPBM by using market demand forecast information and demand-pull replenishment to effectively manage inventory in the semiconductor industry. In numerical verification, this paper used real data provided by a wafer foundry in Taiwan to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Simulated scenarios that account for different patterns of demand and different degrees of accuracy of the demand forecasts were generated to test the performance of the proposed approach. After comparing the result that was obtained from the proposed approach with the one from the classical DPBM, it was found that the proposed approach can reduce the average inventory and does not adverse the level of service as long as the demand forecasts are not too far from the real demand.
Tool Replacement for Photovoltaic Industry Processes With Multiple Characteristics Based on Capability Index
Authors: Hsu Ya-Chen , Jane Amber , Pearn W. L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the photovoltaic industry, measuring efficiency is an important process for manufacturing silicon wafers. The cutting tool gradually wears during the measuring efficiency process. Consequently, the fraction of defectives would gradually become significant. When the fraction defective reaches a certain level, the tool must be replaced. Therefore, it is essential to find out the optimal time to replace the cutting tool for minimizing the fraction defective and reducing the manufacturing cost. In this research, we consider the replacement problem in the photovoltaic industry to obtain the optimal replacement time for the measuring efficiency process. The measuring efficiency process involves multiple product quality characteristics, including the Isc, Voc, and Rsh. In order to maintain the high wafer process quality and to minimize the production cost, we first develop a method for measuring the manufacturing capability of measuring efficiency process. Then, a tool replacement policy is proposed to assess the true capability at each time period of measuring efficiency process and to find out the optimal time for tool replacement.
Estimation of J-resistance Curves for CT Specimen Based on Unloading Compliance Method and CMOD Data
Authors: Bao Chen , Cai Li-xun , Shi Kai-kai , Yao Yao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The unloading compliance method is one of the most widely used methods in laboratory testing for J-resistance estimation. A specimen configuration including compact tension (CT) is recommended by almost all the standard test procedures for evaluating fracture toughness, such as ASTM E1820-11, ISO 12135-2002, and GB/T 21143-2007. In the unloading compliance method, key techniques including instantaneous crack size measurement, correction of specimen rotation, and J-integral computation can be used for a CT specimen when using load line displacement (LLD) but not when using crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) from those standard test procedures. However, a CT specimen with CMOD measurement is also used for J-resistance estimation under certain severe environments because of the convenience of measuring displacement. This study proposes a simplified linear formula for crack size calculation for a CT specimen with CMOD data, discusses the rotation correction in detail based on the equivalence of work, and develops reasonable incremental expressions for J-integral computation and a CMOD-to-LLD conversion equation. By measuring the LLD and CMOD data of a CT specimen simultaneously, we carried out experiments on J-resistance curve estimation for four different types of materials. According to the developed procedure of the unloading compliance method in this study, J-resistance curves for all materials determined from LLD and CMOD data of the CT specimen are clearly exhibited.
Measurement of High Rotating Speed of Ring Spinning Frame
Authors: Jihong Liu , Xiaoliang Song , Yi Yang , Mingxia Zhang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Rotating status of the traveler of a ring spinning system has previously been analyzed by many researchers with emphasis primarily on the property of the mechanism, twist propagation in a yarn, and theoretical analysis of the result. Little attention has been paid to physical measurements of rotating parameters and other validation tests. In this paper, we put forward a measurement method of rotating speed to investigate the traveler’s speed variations and other dynamic behaviors. Spinning yarn experiments are conducted by normal, exceptional subjects, and spinning position for comparison in which associated rotating speed is measured and analyzed. The results indicated that in the traverse of the ring bar of a spinning process, system signal after noise filtering fluctuated about 0 V, while the range of signals produced by the traveler was about 1.5 V for all of statuses and the distance of pulse was stability. The maximum amplitudes of signals increased gradually along with the ring bar went up. On the contrary, the maximum amplitudes of signals decreased gradually along with the ring bar, which also went down.
A Novel Approach Based on Performance Influence for Evaluating Criteria of Service Quality
Authors: Chen Kuen-Suan , Wang Kung-Jeng , Chang Tsang-Chuan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Service quality is becoming increasingly important, largely determining whether customers patronize a company. However, each customer has a particular level of demand for a service, which requires that companies provide services with diverse characteristics to satisfy the needs of customers. This shows that customer satisfaction is the overall appraisal of companies, performed by customers after experiencing the services. Thus, to improve service quality, companies first understand the influence between individual satisfaction and overall satisfaction. Based on this concept, this study employees the SERVQUAL questionnaire to gauge the satisfaction of customers toward individual service items as well as their overall satisfaction and constructed a performance influence matrix to evaluate poor service performance. We further proposed a priority improvement evaluation index to confirm critical issues affecting service quality. Our proposed approach can aid companies to improve service quality effectively. Managers can also achieve the objective of management and development by understanding evaluation index. A case study involving a long-term care institution is discussed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework in practice.
An Extended Algorithm of Similarity Measures and Its Application to Radar Target Recognition Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Hung Kuo-Chen , Lin Jennifer , Chu Peterson 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to extend an algorithm proposed by Liang and Shi in 2003 for the measurement of similarity in pattern-recognition problems. The third measure of similarity in their algorithm fails to satisfy the necessary criteria, thereby invalidating their claims. In this study we developed two new approaches that satisfy the four axioms associated with the measurement of similarity. We then implemented these measures in a new algorithm and used numerical examples to examine the problem encountered by Liang and Shi. Finally, we evaluated the applicability of the proposed algorithm in a problem involving radar target recognition. Our findings provide a solid foundation for the development of a logical framework with which to select an appropriate measure of similarity for pattern-recognition problems.
Difference in Setting Behavior between Prepared and Sieved Mortars in the ASTM C403 Time of Setting Test
Authors: Lee Chang Hoon , Hover Kenneth Clark , Lee Anna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe setting time of concrete as measured by ASTM C403-08 is determined from the penetration resistance of mortar extracted from concrete by removing coarse aggregates larger than the 4.75 mm (#4) sieve. Tests by the authors and others have shown a difference in penetration resistance obtained from mortars extracted from concrete compared with penetration resistance of mortar intentionally mixed to represent the mortar fraction of the concrete of interest, as is noted qualitatively in ASTM C403. The authors report this difference quantitatively, having observed or discovered in the literature prepared mortars with an initial setting time up to 6 %–16 % greater than that of sieved mortar, and final setting time that is up to 3 %–16 % greater than that of sieved mortar. In general, these differences are 1 to 3 times greater than the single operator precision for acceptable range of test results, and are thus significant in the context of ASTM C403.
Application of Intelligent Compaction Technology for Estimation of Effective Modulus for a Multilayered Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Singh Dharamveer , Beainy Fares , Commuri Sesh , Zaman Musharraf 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, a procedure for estimation of effective modulus of a multilayered hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement using intelligent compaction (IC) is investigated. The study is conducted during the construction of an interstate highway (I-35) in Norman, OK. A complete coverage of the level of compaction of each of the asphalt pavement layers was recorded using the intelligent asphalt compaction analyzer (IACA). The collected IACA data allow determination of the level of compaction (density) at any selected location, for each layer, and provided a set of global positioning system (GPS) coordinates. Calibration procedures have previously been tested and validated by the authors to estimate the density of different types of pavements from IACA data. In this paper, a different calibration procedure is used to measure the dynamic modulus instead of the density of a pavement using IACA. Considering the IACA estimated density, the dynamic modulus of each of the selected locations for an individual pavement layer was measured from laboratory developed master curves. Thereafter, an effective modulus of the three-layer pavement system was calculated for all of the selected locations using Odemark's method. The proposed technique was verified by conducting falling-weight deflectometer (FWD) tests at these selected locations. Analyses of the results show that the proposed intelligent compaction technique may be promising in estimating the effective modulus of the pavement layers in a non-destructive manner. In addition, the Witczak model was used to estimate moduli of each of the pavement layers. The comparison of the Witczak model with FWD revealed that the model over-predicted the modulus significantly.
Loading Rate-Dependent Fracture Properties and Electrical Resistance-Based Crack Growth Monitoring of Polycarbonate Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes Under Tension
Authors: Narita Fumio , Shindo Yasuhide , Takeda Tomo , Kuronuma Yu , Sanada Kazuaki 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a combined numerical-experimental study on the loading rate-dependent fracture behavior of cracked carbon nanotube (CNT)-based polymer composites under tension. Tensile tests at various loading rates were conducted on single-edge cracked plate specimens of CNT/polycarbonate composites. The electrical resistance change of the composite specimens was utilized to capture the crack behavior during the tests. An elastic-plastic finite element analysis was also employed to determine the fracture properties by means of the J-integral. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation was implemented to assess the fracture mechanisms of the CNT-based polymer composites under the different loading rates.