bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood obesity as a risk factor for bone fracture: A mechanistic study
Authors: Kim Jong‐Eun , Hsieh Min‐Heng , Soni Bharat K. , Zayzafoon Majd , Allison David B. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of bone fracture sustained by obese children exposed to falls. The bone fracture risk of obese children would be greater than that of their nonobese counterparts was hypothesized.Design and MethodsFinite element‐based computational models for children that reflected various levels of obesity by varying body mass and the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer was developed. The models took account of both the momentum effect of variation of body mass and the cushion effect of variation of soft tissue thickness and examined these two contradictory effects on pelvic bone fracture risk through a set of sideways fall simulations with a range of impact speeds.ResultsThe critical impact speed that yielded pelvic bone fracture decreased as the levels of obesity increased, which meant that the momentum effect of a greater body mass took precedence over the cushion effect of the soft tissue layer.ConclusionsThe result suggests that obese children have a greater risk of pelvic bone fracture than do their nonobese counterparts in sideways falls. A further implication is that current child safety devices, systems, and regulations will need to be revisited as the prevalence of child obesity increases.
Structural and functional microvascular alterations in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high‐fat diet
Authors: Nascimento Alessandro R. , Machado Marcus , de Jesus Nathália , Gomes Fabiana , Lessa Marcos A. , Bonomo Isabela T. , Tibiriçá Eduardo 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate microvascular alterations in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high‐fat diet (HFD) associated with salt supplementation (0.5% NaCl).Design and MethodsWistar Kyoto rats were fed standard chow (control group, CONT) or HFD for 20 weeks. The functional capillary density (FCD) was assessed using intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy.ResultsThe HFD group presented a higher systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose and insulin levels, total and LDL‐cholesterol levels, triglycerides, and visceral and epididymal fat when compared with the CONT group. When compared with the CONT group, the HFD group showed a lower FCD in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.05) but not in the skin (P > 0.05). The HFD group also had a lower capillary‐to‐fiber ratio in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). The capillary volume density‐to‐fiber volume density ratio in the left ventricle of the HFD was also reduced (P < 0.01). Finally, rats fed with HFD showed ventricular hypertrophy and increased cardiomyocyte diameter (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe long‐term administration of a HFD associated with salt supplementation to rats generates an experimental model of metabolic syndrome characterized by central body fat deposition, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and rarefaction of the microcirculation in the heart and skeletal muscle.
Body weight misperception patterns and their association with health‐related factors among adolescents in South Korea
Authors: Lim Hyunjung , Wang Youfa 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveExamined body weight misperception and its association with health‐related factors among South Korean adolescents.Design and MethodsThe 2009 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey data from 72,399 adolescents aged 12‐18 years were used. Based on agreements between weight status assessed according to self‐reported BMI and self‐perceived weight status, adolescents were classified as weight underestimate, accurate, and overestimate. Logistic regression models examined the associations controlling for covariates.ResultsOver 50% adolescents misclassified their own weight status: underestimation (23.4%) and overestimation (26.8%). Boys had a higher underestimation rate than girls (30.3% vs. 15.6%) and a lower overestimation rate (21.3% vs. 33.0%). In girls, overestimation was higher in high‐income families and well‐educated parents (41.0%). Compared to those with accurate weight perception, participants who underestimated their weight were more likely to have an unhealthy diet as indicated by higher daily consumption (≥once/day) of fast food [OR = 1.18 (1.00, 1.39)] and unhealthy snacks [OR = 1.11 (1.03, 1.19)]. Girls who overestimated their weight had more screen time [≥2 h/day, OR = 1.12 (1.03, 1.22)]. Participants who overestimated their weight were more likely to be stressed [OR = 1.24 (1.18, 1.31)] and depressed [OR = 1.18 (1.21, 1.25)].ConclusionsOver half of Korean adolescents had misperception on own weight status, the rates varied by gender and socioeconomic status. Weight misperception is associated with health‐related outcomes compared to peers with accurate perceptions about own weight status.
Child food neophobia is heritable, associated with less compliant eating, and moderates familial resemblance for BMI
Authors: Faith Myles S. , Heo Moonseong , Keller Kathleen L. , Pietrobelli Angelo 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe heritability of food neophobia, the tendency to avoid new foods, was tested in 4‐7‐year‐old twins. We also examined whether food neophobia is associated with parent‐child feeding relations or child body fat.Design and Methods66 same‐sex twin pairs, including 37 monozygotic (MZ) and 29 dizygotic (DZ) pairs were studied. Food neophobia was assessed by parent questionnaire (Child Food Neophobia Scale, CFNS), as were child‐feeding practices and “division of responsibility” feeding relations. Child anthropometry and percent body fat were directly measured.ResultsMZ and DZ twin pair correlations for food neophobia were r = 0.71 and r = −0.01, respectively: heritability= 72%. Greater food neophobia was associated with reduced child eating compliance of prompted foods (P < 0.001) reduced eating compliance of initially refused foods (P < 0.001), and – among girls only – fewer parental food demands (P = 0.01). Interestingly, the correlation between maternal BMI and child BMI z‐score was significant only for children high (P = 0.03), but not low (P = 0.55), in food neophobia.ConclusionChild food neophobia, a highly heritable trait previously linked to emotionality, was associated with less compliant parent–child feeding relations. Strategies to combat food neophobia and foster more harmonious feeding relationships may have a role in obesity prevention.
Identification and counseling for obesity among children on psychotropic medications in ambulatory settings
Authors: Eneli Ihuoma U. , Wang Wei , Kelleher Kelly 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo examine identification and counseling for obesity at pediatric office visits associated with psychotropic medications.Design and MethodsAnalysis of ambulatory care visits by children 2‐17 years in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys and outpatient component of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys from 2005 to 2008. Physician identification of obesity was determined using ICD‐9 CM diagnostic codes.ResultsIn 2005‐2008, there were 38,539 pediatric ambulatory care visits weighted to represent 600 million pediatric visits nationally. Psychotropic medications were associated with 5.2% of visits. The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 85th%tile) was 15.9% for visits without psychotropic medication, 19.4% and 16.8% for visits associated with nonobesogenic and obesogenic psychotropic medications, respectively. Controlling for age, gender, and BMI, obesity was more likely to be identified at visits associated with psychotropic medications (OR 5.2, 95% CI 3‐8.8), among females (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1‐2.3) and non‐Hispanics (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0‐2.4). At visits with psychotropic medications, dietary counseling was provided at 11.4%, while blood pressure and cholesterol screening were obtained at 6.9% and 6.8% of these visits, respectively.ConclusionsOur results indicate suboptimal identification and counseling for obesity children who are prescribed psychotropic medications, despite their increased risk for weight gain.
Fat mass is a predictor of incident foot pain
Authors: Butterworth P.A. , Urquhart D.M. , Cicuttini F.M. , Menz H.B. , Strauss B.J. , Proietto J. , Dixon J.B. , Jones G. , Landorf K.B. , Wluka A.E. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveFoot pain is a common complaint in adults. Increased BMI and fat mass have been linked only to foot pain prevalence. Therefore, a longitudinal study to examine the relationship between body composition and incident foot pain over 3 years was conducted.Design and MethodsSixty‐one community dwelling participants from a previous study of musculoskeletal health, who did not have foot pain at study inception in 2008, were invited to take part in this follow‐up study in 2011. Current foot pain was determined using the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index, and body composition was measured using dual X‐ray absorptiometry at study baseline.ResultsOf the 51 respondents (84% response rate, 37 females and 14 males), there were 11 who developed foot pain. BMI ranged from underweight to morbidly obese (17‐44 kg/m2), mean 27.0 ± 6.0 kg/m2. Incident foot pain was positively associated with both fat mass (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03‐1.20) and fat‐mass index (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04‐1.57) in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsFat mass is a predictor of incident foot pain. This study supports the notion that incident foot pain in overweight individuals is associated with fat mass rather than body mass alone.
Relationship between sexual function and quality of life in obese persons seeking weight reduction
Authors: Moore Reneé H. , Sarwer David B. , Lavenberg Jeffrey A. , Lane Ilana B. , Evans Joanna L. , Volger Sheri , Wadden Thomas A. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThis study investigated sexual functioning in persons with obesity and seeking weight loss, and the associations of sexual functioning with relevant demographic and clinical variables as well as quality of life were investigated.Design and MethodsParticipants were enrolled in a two‐year randomized clinical trial. Participants were obese and had at least two components of metabolic syndrome. Male and female sexual functioning was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) respectively.ResultsThe rate of female sexual dysfunction was 29%. The rate of erectile dysfunction (ED) was 45%. Of the characteristics considered, FSD was associated with age (P = 0.002). ED was significantly associated with age and physical functioning (both P < 0.01).ConclusionsA large minority of patients with obesity reported sexual dysfunction. The occurrence of sexual dysfunction was associated with age, but, surprisingly, not weight‐related comorbidities. This may be the result of the nature of the study sample or the methods used to administer the questionnaires that assessed sexual functioning.
Body mass index and mortality among blacks and whites adults in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Xiao Qian , Hsing Ann W. , Park Yikyung , Moore Steven C. , Matthews Charles E. , Berrington de González Amy , Kitahara Cari M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveIn a large prospective cohort, we examined the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with mortality among blacks and compared the results to those among whites in this population.Design and MethodsThe study population consisted of 7,446 non‐Hispanic black and 130,598 white participants, ages 49‐78 at enrollment, in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. BMI at baseline, BMI at age 20, and BMI change were calculated using self‐reported and recalled height and weight. Relative risks were stratified by race and sex and adjusted for age, education, marital status, and smoking.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 1,495 black and 18,236 white participants died (mean = 13 years). Clear J‐shaped associations between BMI and mortality were observed among white men and women. Among black men and women, the bottoms of these curves were flatter, and increasing risks of death with greater BMI were observed only at higher BMI levels (≥35.0). Associations for BMI at age 20 and BMI change also appeared to be stronger in magnitude in whites versus blacks, and these racial differences appeared to be more pronounced among women.ConclusionOur results suggest that BMI may be more weakly associated with mortality in blacks, particularly black women, than in whites.
An intragastric balloon in the treatment of obese individuals with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Fuller Nicholas R. , Pearson Suzanne , Lau Namson S. , Wlodarczyk John , Halstead Michael B. , Tee Hoi‐Poh , Chettiar Raman , Kaffes Arthur J. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThere are limited controlled data for intragastric balloons (IGB) in obesity treatment. This randomized, controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an IGB in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MS).Design and MethodsSixty‐six adults (BMI: 30‐40 kg/m2) were randomized to IGB for 6 months, with a 12 month behavioral modification (IGB Group; “IGBG”), or 12 month behavioral modification alone (Control Group; “CG”). The primary outcome was percentage change in body weight.ResultsThirty‐one subjects (female: 68%; mean age: 43; mean BMI: 36.0) were randomized to IGBG and 35 (66%; 48; 36.7) to CG. At 6 months, there was a significantly greater weight loss in the IGBG: −14.2 vs. −4.8; P < 0.0001. This was associated with a significantly greater reduction in waist circumference, and an improvement in quality of life, with a trend for a larger %MS remission (50% vs. 30%; n.s.). At month 12, the differences in weight loss were enduring: −9.2 vs. −5.2; P = 0.007. Gastrointestinal‐related adverse events were common in the IGBG, resolving predominantly within two weeks. The IGB was removed prematurely in three subjects (one for refractory gastrointestinal symptoms).ConclusionsStatistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in weight loss and health outcomes were observed with the IGBG at 6 months versus behavioral modification alone. The differential weight loss was still evident 6 months after IGB removal.
Genetic analysis of adiponectin variation and its association with type 2 diabetes in African Americans
Authors: Sandy An S. , Palmer Nicholette D. , Hanley Anthony J.G. , Ziegler Julie T. , Mark Brown W. , Freedman Barry I. , Register Thomas C. , Rotter Jerome I. , Guo Xiuqing , Ida Chen Y.‐D. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Langefeld Carl D. , Bowden Donald W. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveAdiponectin is an adipocytokine that has been implicated in a variety of metabolic disorders, including T2D and cardiovascular disease. Studies evaluating genetic variants in ADIPOQ have been contradictory when testing association with T2D in different ethnic groups.Design and MethodsIn this study, 18 SNPs in ADIPOQ were tested for association with plasma adiponectin levels and diabetes status. SNPs were examined in two independent African‐American cohorts (nmax = 1,116) from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS) and the African American‐Diabetes Heart Study (AA‐DHS).ResultsFive polymorphisms were nominally associated with plasma adiponectin levels in the meta‐analysis (P = 0.035‐1.02 × 10−6) including a low frequency arginine to cysteine mutation (R55C) which reduced plasma adiponectin levels to <15% of the mean. Variants were then tested for association with T2D in a meta‐analysis of these and the Wake Forest T2D case‐control study (n = 3,233 T2D, 2645 non‐T2D). Association with T2D was not observed (P ≥ 0.08), suggesting limited influence of ADIPOQ variants on T2D risk.ConclusionsDespite identification of variants associated with adiponectin levels, a detailed genetic analysis of ADIPOQ revealed no association with T2D risk. This puts into question the role of adiponectin in T2D pathogenesis: whether low adiponectin levels are truly causal for or rather a consequence.
Associations between body mass index and suicide in the veterans affairs health system
Authors: McCarthy John F. , Ilgen Mark A. , Austin Karen , Blow Frederic C. , Katz Ira R. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesAssociations between BMI and suicide risks and methods for individuals receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health system were evaluated.Design and MethodsFor 4,005,640 patients in fiscal years 2001‐2002, multivariable survival analyses assessed associations between BMI and suicide, through FY2009. Covariates included demographics, psychiatric, and nonpsychiatric diagnoses, receipt of VHA mental health encounters, and regional network. Among suicide decedents, multivariable Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) regression examined associations between BMI and suicide method.Results1.3% of patients were underweight, 24.3% normal weight, 40.6% overweight, and 33.8% obese. Underweight was associated with increased suicide risk (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36) compared to normal. Overweight and obese status were associated with lower risk (AHR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.82; AHR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.66, respectively). Among suicide decedents, high lethality methods were most common among underweight and least common among obese individuals. Adjusting for covariates, BMI was not associated with method lethality, yet some associations were observed between BMI and specific methods.ConclusionAmong VHA patients, BMI was negatively associated with suicide risks. These differences may partly relate to choice of suicide method. Low BMI offers an additional resource for clinical suicide risk assessments.
Psychosocial stress is positively associated with body mass index gain over 5 years: Evidence from the longitudinal AusDiab study
Authors: Harding Jessica L , Backholer Kathryn , Williams Emily D , Peeters Anna , Cameron Adrian J , Hare Matthew JL , Shaw Jonathan E , Magliano Dianna J 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests that psychosocial stress may influence weight gain. The relationship between stress and weight change and whether this was influenced by demographic and behavioral factors was explored.Design and MethodsA total of 5,118 participants of AusDiab were prospectively followed from 2000 to 2005. The relationship between stress at baseline and BMI change was assessed using linear regression.ResultsAmong those who maintained/gained weight, individuals with high levels of perceived stress at baseline experienced a 0.20 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.07‐0.33) greater mean change in BMI compared with those with low stress. Additionally, individuals who experienced 2 or ≥3 stressful life events had a 0.13 kg/m2 (0.00‐0.26) and 0.26 kg/m2 (0.14‐0.38) greater increase in BMI compared with people with none. These relationships differed by age, smoking, and baseline BMI. Further, those with multiple sources of stressors were at the greatest risk of weight gain.ConclusionPsychosocial stress, including both perceived stress and life events stress, was positively associated with weight gain but not weight loss. These associations varied by age, smoking, obesity, and multiple sources of stressors. Future treatment and interventions for overweight and obese people should consider the psychosocial factors that may influence weight gain.
The independent and combined associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with obesity in adults: NHANES 2003‐06
Authors: Maher Carol A. , Mire Emily , Harrington Deirdre M. , Staiano Amanda E. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the combined influence of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior on obesity in US adults.Design and MethodsCross‐sectional analyses were undertaken on a nationally representative sample of 5,083 adults from the April 2003 and June 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self‐reported TV time was divided into low, moderate, and high categories. Accelerometer‐derived total sedentary and MVPA minutes divided into low, moderate, and high tertiles. The independent associations between MVPA, TV, and total sedentary time and obesity were examined using logistic regression. Participants were then cross tabulated into nine MVPA–sedentary behavior groups, and logistic regression was used to examine the combined influence of MVPA and sedentary behavior on the odds of being obese.ResultsMVPA was consistently inversely associated with obesity, regardless of sedentary behavior [odds ratio (OR) = 1.80‐4.00]. There were inconsistent positive associations between TV time and risk of obesity in men, but not between total sedentary time and risk of obesity in either men or women.ConclusionsObesity was more strongly related to MVPA than either TV time or total sedentary time in US adults. Small differences in daily MVPA (5‐10 min) were associated with relatively large differences in risk of obesity.
Lifestyle intervention and/or statins for the reduction of C‐reactive protein in type 2 diabetes: From the look AHEAD study
Authors: Belalcazar L. Maria , Haffner Steven M. , Lang Wei , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Rushing Julia , Schwenke Dawn C. , Tracy Russell P. , Pi‐Sunyer F. Xavier , Kriska Andrea M. , Ballantyne and the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes Christie M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Cardiovascular risk remains high despite statin use. Overweight/obese diabetic persons usually have normal/low LDL‐cholesterol but high C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. We aimed to examine the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention for weight loss (ILI) on CRP levels in overweight/obese diabetic individuals by statin use.Design and Methods:Look AHEAD was a randomized trial in overweight/obese type 2 diabetic individuals testing whether ILI would reduce cardiovascular mortality, when compared to usual care. CRP changes in 1,431 participants with biomarker levels, who remained on or off statin treatment for 1 year, were evaluated.Results:The reduction in CRP levels with ILI at 1 year in men and women on statins was −44.9 and −42.3%, respectively, compared to −13.7 and −21.0% for those on statins and usual care (P < 0.0001). At 1 year, median CRP levels were: 1.8 mg L−1 in participants randomized to ILI on statin therapy; 2.6 mg L−1 for those on statins randomized to usual care and 2.9 mg L−1 for participants not on statins but randomized to ILI. Weight loss was associated with 1‐year CRP reduction (P < 0.0001) in statin and nonstatin users.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that in overweight/obese diabetic persons, ILI and statin therapy may have substantial additive anti‐inflammatory benefits.