bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parotid Tumors: How Rare are They?
Authors: Bhat Vadisha S , Aroor Rajeshwary , Bhandary Satheesh Kumar , Shetty Anusha S , Somayaji KS Gangadhara 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesSalivary gland neoplasms are uncommon, but they are of much interest and debate because of their remarkable variability in structure, clinical presentation, and behavior. We have studied 56 cases of parotid tumors and shared our views on the diagnosis and management of these rare tumors.Materials and methodsFifty-six patients with parotid swelling presented to us over a period of 5 years. Preoperatively, all these patients were evaluated with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Depending on the report, they were subjected to further treatment.ResultsOut of 56 cases, 44 (79%) were benign and 12 (21%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma being the commonest benign tumor [32 cases (72%)] and among the malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest. Parotidectomy is the gold standard treatment for both the benign and malignant parotid tumors.ConclusionParotid tumors are a rare entity. Among which benign tumors are more common than malignant. An accurate diagnosis preoperatively and timely surgical management would reduce the recurrence rate and risk of complications.How to cite this articleAroor R, Shetty AS, Bhandary SK, Bhat VS, Somayaji KSG. Parotid Tumors: How Rare are They? Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):126-129.
BRAF Mutation Correlates with Aggressive Features, Little Predictive Value
Authors: Curry Joseph , Cognetti David , Pribitkin Edmund , Quong Andrew , Wynne Colin , Scott Kathryn , Rosen David , Duddy Elizabeth 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
With widespread and sophisticated imaging techniques, micro papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) may be discovered prior to developing the classic pathological determinants of aggressiveness, such as extrathyroidal extent (ETE). Many studies have suggested that the V600E B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) mutation can be used as a marker for aggressive disease. One objective of this study is to determine what prognostic value this mutation holds. However, nearly all of current studies have focused solely on classically aggressive tumors, not classically nonaggressive samples. This study also seeks to determine the BRAF mutation status in both the groups of tumors.

Materials and methods
Sixty-six PTC samples were tested for the V600E BRAF mutation using competitive allele-specific TaqMan probes in real-time PCR (Applied Biosystems/Life Technologies). Testing demonstrates that this assay has at least a <5% sensitivity to the mutation. Forty-five samples had at least one of four aggressive features. Samples with vascular invasion, ETE or lymph node metastasis (LNM) were also characterized as having poor prognosis.

Results
The V600E BRAF mutation was found in 27 of the 45 aggressive samples (60.0%) and 5 of the 21 nonaggressive samples. The Fisher exact test resulted in a correlation between aggressiveness and BRAF mutation as well as correlations between ETE, LNM and the BRAF mutation. When using the BRAF mutation as a predictor of prognosis based on the pathological features of aggressiveness, there was 60% sensitivity and 80% specificity.

Conclusion
The V600E BRAF mutation is correlated with pathological aggressive features, but may lack sufficient specificity or sensitivity to be used as a marker to predict outcome.

How to cite this article
Quong A, Wynne C, Curry J, Scott K, Rosen D, Cognetti D, Pribitkin E, Duddy E. BRAF Mutation Correlates with Aggressive Features, Little Predictive Value. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):130-134.
Surgical Decision Making in Oral Mucosal Melanoma with Lymphadenopathy: Review of Literature
Authors: Mukherjee Srijon , Chauhan Yogendra Singh , Bakshi Niladri 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) comprises less than 1% of all malignant melanomas. Most mucosal melanomas occur in occult site, which together with lack of early and specific signs contribute to late and poor diagnosis. Because of their rareness, the knowledge about their pathogenesis and risk factors is insufficient, and also there are not well-established protocols for staging and treatment of mucosal melanomas with lymphadenopathy. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Radiotherapy and other adjunctive therapies can provide better local control in some locations, but did not show improvement in survival. In this article, we present a case of 52-year-old female with OMM (excision performed elsewhere) presenting with large left upper cervical swelling after 2 years postexcision. We will review the literature that help us in taking decision in the management of OMMs in light of following patient.How to cite this articleBakshi N, Mukherjee S, Chauhan YS. Surgical Decision Making in Oral Mucosal Melanoma with Lymphadenopathy: Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):135-139.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp Masquerading as Trichilemmal Tumor of the Scalp
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Halkud Rajshekar , Nanjundappa A , Biswas Siddharth , Samskruthi M , Chavan Purshottam , Sidappa KT , Venugopal Bindu 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdnexal components tumors of the skin are very rare and are seen as benign lesions of the scalp in aged women. Trichilemmal tumor is usually benign and rarely under-goes malignant transformation in a stepwise manner starting with an adenomatous stage of the trichilemmal cyst to an epitheliomatous stage of the proliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT) evolving into the carcinomatous stage of the malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor (MPTT).Case reportA 53-year-old woman reported with huge swelling in the posterior region of the scalp. The swelling was mobile and soft to firm in consistency not fixed to the skull bone. The surface was smooth and getting under the swelling was not possible, needle biopsy reported as trichilemmal tumor. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) neck did not show any nodes in the neck, especially the posterior compartment. The tumor was widely excised with 1 cm margin and the periosteum was kept intact with split skin graft. An area of periosteal adher ence to the tumor seen was excised. The histopathology report on serial sectioning reported grade 1 moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Postoperative external beam radiotherapy of 66 Gy was given. The patient is being followed up and no recurrence is seen.ConclusionMalignant transformation in a proliferating trichilemmal tumor a rare entity and should be differentiated from SCC and the better prognostic trichilemmal carcinoma. A protocolbased adjuvant therapy is available for squamous cell carcinoma but not for trichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) and MPTT. A major meta-analysis may help to establish a clinical outcome-based classification and management protocol for these tumors.How to cite this articleNanjundappa A, Halkud R, Venugopal B, Chavan P, Sidappa KT, Biswas S, Samskruthi M, Naik SM. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp Masquerading as Trichi-lemmal Tumor of the Scalp. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):144-147.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of Thyroid Synchronously with Squamous cell carcinoma base of Tongue: A Rare coincidence and Treatment Strategy
Authors: Kaur Paramjeet , Khurana Anil , Chauhan Ashok K , Singh Gajender , Kataria Sant Parkash 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
The occurrence of two malignant lesions synchronously of different histology at same anatomical region of the patient is a rare presentation. Coexistence of squamous cell carcinoma and malignant lymphoma of head and neck region synchronously is uncommon. Here is a report of case of 65 years old female patient who presented with a mass in right side of neck and in midline of neck of 2 months duration. After thorough work up, the patient was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of right side base of tongue and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of thyroid. The patient was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

How to cite this article
Kaur P, Khurana A, Chauhan AK, Singh G, Kataria SP. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of Thyroid Synchronously with Squamous Cell Carcinoma Base of Tongue: A Rare Coincidence and Treatment Strategy. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):155-157.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome vs Ludwig's Angina: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Thangakunam Balamugesh , Chandrasekharan Ramanathan , Tyagi Amit Kumar , Ashish Gaurav , Augustine Ann Mary , Varghese Ajoy Mathew , Parmar Harshad , Christopher DJ 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We present an interesting diagnostic dilemma between superior vena cava syndrome and Ludwig Angina to highlight ways to differentiate between these two seemingly similar conditions.

Presentation of case
A 50-year-old man presented with complaints of progressive breathing difficulty with diffuse brawny swelling in the neck and clinically gave impression of Ludwig angina, however, on further evaluation was diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) secondary to non small cell carcinoma of lung.

Discussion
This paper illustrates an interesting scenario in which clinical presentation of SVCS mimicked Ludwig's Angina. SVCS with a gradual onset may have minimal symptoms with facial edema, erythema and venous distension in the chest and neck. Occasionally atypical presentation of Ludwig's angina may mimic SVCS where high degree of clinical suspicion is needed to discriminate them.

Conclusion
Superior vena cava syndrome may present with symptoms suggestive of Ludwig's angina, especially if the obstruction is slowly progressive. A high index of suspicion is necessary in these cases.

How to cite this article
Ashish G, Tyagi AK, Augustine AM, Chandrasekharan R, Varghese AM, Parmar H, Thangakunam B, Christopher DJ. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome vs Ludwig's Angina: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(2):77-80.
Successen en rafelrandjes: Stelselwijzigingen in het Openbaar Vervoer
Authors: Veeneman Wijnand 
Published: March 2015

Successes and raw edges – Public transport reforms
During the 1980s and 1990s, successive Dutch governments reformed public transport by introducing market-type mechanisms. However, these New Public Management-style reforms have only been introduced half-heartedly because governments also tried to avoid the negative effects of NPM. On some fronts, the reforms have undoubtedly led to improved quality (better and newer material) and more choice for governments regarding how to organize public transport because there are several new providers. But on other fronts, these positive effects have been hampered by fragmentation, leading to calls for another overhaul of the system. This article chronicles the developments in public transport and discusses which new steps could be taken.
De bestuurlijke organisatie in Nederland: spanningsvelden en veranderstrategieën
Authors: Paardekooper Cees , ter Braak Harry 
Published: March 2015

Changes in structure of the Dutch state: tensions and strategies for change
The Dutch Minister for the Interior Ronald Plasterk has proposed far-reaching reforms for the structuring of the Dutch nation state. These reforms include decentralising tasks to municipalities and merging several provinces. So far, these plans have met with criticism and derision. This article discusses the tensions included in Plasterk’s plans and proposes several strategies for how change could still be possible.
Lessen en conclusies uit vier keer stelselwijziging
Authors: Karré Philip Marcel , Paardekooper Cees 
Published: March 2015

Lessons and conclusions from four case studies on public management reform
This concluding article of our special issue on public management reform in the Netherlands summarizes the information presented in the individual articles. We conclude that reform is often an incremental process, aimed at streamlining existing governance arrangements rather than creating and rolling out grand new designs.
Intergemeentelijk samenwerken: het kan ook licht
Authors: van den Dool Leon , Schaap Linze 
Published: March 2015

Inter-municipal Cooperation: light if possible. Exploration of light forms of inter-municipal cooperation
Many tasks will be decentralized to municipalities in the Netherlands in the coming years. To deal with these challenges, central government encourages municipal mergers, while municipalities often prefer a light form of cooperation. Since municipal boarders are converging less and less with the boarders inhabitants experience in their daily lives, municipalities feel free to cooperate in a variety of ways with other partners. This poses new challenges to democratic legitimacy, effectiveness and the role local authorities play. Local governments therefore do not need new regulations or legal forms of co-operations, but rather a repertoire fitting their role. We argue that local governments need to analyse their tasks, choose the form of cooperation that fits best and develop a repertoire for their cooperation. Light forms of cooperation are very important for developing a variety of cooperative forms and roles local governments need to play.
De complexiteit van ‘loslaten’
Authors: Breed Kees 
Published: March 2015

The complexity of ‘letting go’
In this contribution, Kees Breed of the Dutch Council for Public Administration reflects on Roel in ‘t Veld’s discussion of the 2012 Council’s report ‘Letting go and public trust’ in the previous issue of Bestuurskunde (vol. 22, issue 3, pp. 88-94). The discussion focuses on the report’s shortcomings regarding the analysis of tensions and conflicts between government, market, and society. In ‘t Veld regrets that understandings from complex systems’ theories were not used. In this reaction, Breed argues that in order to contribute to the current debates, theoretical and abstract concepts from systems’ theories will have to be confronted and matched with the actual experiences by practitioners. Reports as the one discussed, published by Advisory Coucil’s, stimulate debate and can thus contribute to bridge this gap.
Potential Inclusion of Multiple Intelligences in Jordanian EFL Textbooks: A Content Analysis
Authors: Al-Omari Taghrid Ahmad , Bataineh Ruba Fahmi , Smadi Oqlah Mahmoud 
Published: March 2015

This study examines the potential incorporation of the principles of Multiple Intelligences Theory in the Jordanian EFL textbooks. More specifically, it reports on a content analysis of Action Pack textbooks for the first-, fourth-, eighth- and eleventh-grades by means of content analysis. The findings reveal that the moral, existential and spiritual intelligences are not incorporated in the activities of the textbooks under study; the verbal/linguistic, intrapersonal and spatial/visual intelligences are relatively more incorporated than other intelligences; and the inclusion of multiple intelligences is fairly unbalanced in the four textbooks.
Una propuesta de adaptación del Marco Europeo para los ESL
Authors: Coehlo Elizabeth , Oller Judith , Serra Josep Maria 
Published: March 2015

En este artículo abordamos la evaluación del progreso lingüístico del alumnado inmigrante o minoritario que empieza a aprender la lengua de la escuela años después que sus compañeros nativos, ya sea catalán, castellano, u otra lengua del país o una lengua extranjera, como en las aulas de CLIL donde le lengua vehicular es el inglés o el francés, por ejemplo. Este alumnado (que llamamos ESL, estudiantes de una segunda lengua o de una lengua adicional para fines escolares) lleva una doble carga, aprendiendo de forma simultánea el contenido curricular y la lengua vehicular de la escuela. Es importante seguir el progreso de los ESL para saber cómo y cuánto adaptar el currículo para que éste sea alcanzable para los ESL de varios niveles de competencia lingüística, y para garantizar que estos alumnos sigan desarrollando sus habilidades lingüísticas hasta que lleguen al nivel que tienen sus compañeros de la misma edad.
Lettre de l’éditrice
Authors: Dooly Melinda 
Published: March 2015

Nous commençons notre premier numéro de 2015 avec des nouveautés intéressantes. Le changement plus visible est la couverture de notre journal, avec les images sélectionnées par EINA (Escola de Disseny i Art, Barcelona). Ces images ont fait partie de notre revue depuis 2011; maintenant, elles seront présentes à la fois sur la couverture du volume et sur la page d'accueil de la revue. Nous avons aussi un logo modernisé, conçu par le Servei de Publicacions, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.En reconnaissance de notre présence croissante en ligne, nous avons un numéro DOI pour l'ensemble de nos articles. (...)
Music and change in Nain, Nunatsiavut: More White does not always mean less Inuit
Authors: Artiss Tom 
Published: March 2015

This paper focuses on Inuitized Western music in Nain, Labrador, as part of a broader look at Inuit responses to change. Drawing on interviews and sustained ethnographic research, I show how a relaxing of strict socio-musical categories coincided with a decline in Moravian missionary influence in the second half of the 20th century. A notable indifference to musical difference is, I suggest, consistent with an Inuit equanimity toward environmental forces of change that cannot be helped (ajunamat). I then give reasons why discursive imbalances are a continued concern and show how the effects of sustained colonial and missionary activity (hybridities, mixtures, overlaps, co-presences) do not always produce the emotional and psychic dissonances sometimes associated with postcolonial ambivalence. Ultimately, I propose thinking of Inuitized Western musical forms as visible protrusions of a much deeper substrate of affective continuities and that such inherited ways of being in the world can remain constant even while specific cultural forms may change.
Le pouvoir du «non» dans le processus d’autonomie politique au Nunavik
Authors: Hervé Caroline 
Published: March 2015

Cet article propose d’analyser le cheminement vers l’autonomie politique au Nunavik sous un nouvel angle et de comprendre quelles difficultés les Nunavimmiut ont pu rencontrer au cours des 40 dernières années pour mettre en oeuvre ce projet. En s’appuyant sur une perspective relationnelle et ontologique, il montre que les Nunavimmiut envisagent moins l’autonomie politique comme une séparation ou une rupture que comme un processus à travers lequel ils tentent de préserver leur relation avec l’État. Les Nunavimmiut partagent majoritairement cette idée qu’un bon gouvernement, qu’il soit fédéral, provincial ou régional, doit consulter le peuple et combler ses besoins. Cette conception octroie aux instances gouvernementales une fonction de pourvoyeur et les placent dans une position de pouvoir. Dans ce contexte, l’autonomie politique est conçue comme un processus à travers lequel les Nunavimmiut tentent de redéfinir la place qu’ils occupent au sein de cette relation de pouvoir. Cela passe notamment par l’acquisition de savoirs pertinents à la conduite d’une société moderne et dans ce processus, ils doivent être accompagnés par les gouvernements. Alors que les voix affirmant le désir de parler aux gouvernements sur un pied d’égalité étaient minoritaires dans les années 1970 et 1980, les événements entourant le référendum du 27 avril 2011 laissent penser qu’opposer un «non» aux entités gouvernementales a trouvé une nouvelle légitimité.
Fish pluralities: Human-animal relations and sites of engagement in Paulatuuq, Arctic Canada
Authors: Todd Zoe 
Published: March 2015

This article explores human-fish relations as an under-theorized “active site of engagement” in northern Canada. It examines two case studies that demonstrate how the Inuvialuit of Paulatuuq employ “fish pluralities” (multiple ways of knowing and defining fish) to negotiate the complex and dynamic pressures faced by humans, animals, and the environment in contemporary Arctic Canada. I argue that it is instructive for all Canadians to understand the central role of humans and animals, together, as active agents in political and colonial processes in northern Canada. By examining human-fish relationships, as they have unfolded in Paulatuuq over the last 50 years, we may develop a more nuanced understanding of the dynamic strategies that northern Indigenous people, including the Paulatuuqmiut (people from Paulatuuq), use to navigate shifting environmental, political, legal, social, cultural, and economic realities in Canada’s North. This article thus places fish and people, together, as central actors in the political landscape of northern Canada. I also hypothesize a relational framework for Indigenous-State reconciliation discourses in Canada today. This framework expands southern political and philosophical horizons beyond the human and toward a broader societal acknowledgement of complex and dynamic relationships between people, fish, and the land in Paulatuuq.
Isolation of Dermatophytes (and Other Fungi) from Human Nail and Skin Dust Produced by Podiatric Medical Treatments in Australia
Authors: Hainsworth Steven , Hamblin John F. , Vanniasinkam Thiru 
Published: March 2015

Background
Podiatric physicians routinely use electric drills for the treatment of nail and skin conditions. The grinding process produces human nail and skin dust that is generally vacuumed into bags in the grinding unit. Many of the nails are thought to be mycotic, particularly because they are obtained from patients with symptoms of dermatophyte infections. Currently, there is limited information available on the detection of fungi from nail dust samples. Herein, we attempt to address this situation and outline some of the difficulties that pathology laboratories face in isolating and identifying dermatophytes from nail samples.

Methods
Fifty nail dust bags from podiatric medical clinics across all of the states and territories of Australia were collected and analyzed. Samples from the bags were inoculated onto primary isolation media. Fungal colonies that grew were then inoculated onto potato dextrose agar for identification using standard morphological (macroscopic and microscopic) features.

Results
One hundred fifty-one colonies of dermatophytes were identified from 43 of the 50 samples. In addition 471 nondermatophyte molds were isolated, along with some yeasts and bacteria.

Conclusions
The most common dermatophytes isolated were from the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale complexes. Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton soudanense, and Epidermophyton floccosum were also isolated. An unidentified group of dermatophytes was also present. The three most common genera of nondermatophyte molds were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Scopulariopsis, all of which have been implicated in onychomycosis and more general disease. The presence of viable fungal pathogens in the dust could potentially pose a health problem to podiatric physicians.