bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Stimulation of the Centromedian Thalamic Nucleus Aborts Seizures and Ictal Apnea
Authors: Nathan Cody L. , Gavvala Jay R. , Chaitanya Ganne , Cunningham Elizabeth , Lee Jungwha Julia , Adney Scott , Rosenow Joshua , Schuele Stephan , Gerard Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
A 32-year-old right-handed woman presented with medically and surgically refractory left temporal neocortical epilepsy secondary to focal cortical dysplasia who underwent stereoelectroencephalography involving the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus. With the use of real-time stereoelectroencephalography monitoring, four electroclinical seizures were aborted by administering high-frequency stimulation at the centromedian nucleus at seizure onset. Seizures before stimulation were all associated with ictal apnea, while those with stimulation had no ictal apnea. This case demonstrates how providing high-frequency stimulation to the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus can abort electroclinical seizures and ictal apnea.
Survey of Continuous EEG Monitoring Practices in the United States
Authors: Kayal Gina , Oliveira Kristen N. , Haneef Zulfi 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Continuous EEG (cEEG) practice has markedly changed over the last decade given its utility in improving critical care outcomes. However, there are limited data describing the current cEEG infrastructure in US hospitals.

Methods:
A web-based cEEG practice survey was sent to neurophysiologists at 123 ACGME-accredited epilepsy or clinical neurophysiology programs.

Results:
Neurophysiologists from 100 (81.3%) institutions completed the survey. Most institutions had 3 to 10 EEG faculty (80.0%), 1 to 5 fellows (74.8%), ≥6 technologists (84.9%), and provided coverage to neurology ICUs with >10 patients (71.0%) at a time. Round-the-clock EEG technologist coverage was available at most (90.0%) institutions with technologists mostly being in-house (68.0%). Most institutions without after-hours coverage (8 of 10) attributed this to insufficient technologists. The typical monitoring duration was 24 to 48 hours (23.0 and 40.0%), most commonly for subclinical seizures (68.4%) and spell characterization (11.2%). Larger neurology ICUs had more EEG technologists (p = 0.02), fellows (p = 0.001), and quantitative EEG use (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
This survey explores current cEEG practice patterns in the United States. Larger centers had more technologists and fellows. Overall technologist numbers are stable over time, but with a move toward more in-hospital compared with home-based coverage. Reduced availability of EEG technologists was a major factor limiting cEEG availability at some centers.
Direct (D)-Wave Monitoring Enhancement With Subdural Electrode Placement: A Case Series
Authors: Shah Harshal A. , Chen Adrian , Green Ross , Ber Roee , D'Amico Randy S. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Lo Sheng-Fu Larry , Silverstein Justin W. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Direct-wave (D-wave) neuromonitoring is a direct measure of corticospinal tract integrity that detects potential injury during spinal cord surgery. Epidural placement of electrodes used for D-wave measurements can result in high electrical impedances resulting in substantial signal noise that can compromise signal interpretation. Subdural electrode placement may offer a solution.

Methods:
Medical records for consecutive patients with epidural and subdural D-wave monitoring were reviewed. Demographic and clinical information including preoperative and postoperative motor strength were recorded. Neuromonitoring charts were reviewed to characterize impedances and signal amplitudes of D-waves recorded epidurally (before durotomy) and subdurally (following durotomy). Nonparametric statistics were used to compare epidural and subdural D-waves.

Results:
Ten patients (50% women, median age 50.5 years) were analyzed, of which five patients (50%) were functionally independent (modified McCormick grade
≤
II) preoperatively. D-waves were successfully acquired by subdural electrodes in eight cases and by epidural electrodes in three cases. Subdural electrode placement was associated with lower impedance values (P = 0.011) and a higher baseline D-wave amplitude (P = 0.007) relative to epidural placement. No association was observed between D-wave obtainability and functional status, and no adverse events relating to subdural electrode placement were encountered.

Conclusions:
Subdural electrode placement allows successful D-wave acquisition with accurate monitoring, clearer waveforms, and a more optimal signal-to-noise ratio relative to epidural placement. For spinal surgeries where access to the subdural compartment is technically safe and feasible, surgeons should consider subdural placement when monitoring D-waves to optimize clinical interpretation.
Fall assessment and intervention among community-dwelling older people in a primary health care center in Spain: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Fernández María García , Pantiga Mónica Martínez , Fernández Carmen Pino , Muñoz Laura Albornos , Guerrero Carmen Gutierrez 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The implementation of fall prevention programs in the community is complex. Although there is solid scientific evidence that supports the effectiveness of such programs, there are multiple barriers that should be addressed using multifaceted strategies.Aims:The aim of this project was to increase compliance with evidence-based recommendations regarding fall risk screening and preventive interventions among older adults in a primary health care setting.Methods:This project used a pre-/post-implementation clinical audit based on the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. Eight audit criteria were derived from JBI evidence summaries. The sample size was 62 patients aged 70 years or older. Data collection methods included a review of medical records and a questionnaire. A baseline audit was conducted and five barriers to best practice were identified. Strategies were then developed to increase compliance with the evidence-based recommendations, guided by JBI's Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) analysis. A follow-up audit was conducted in July 2022 to evaluate changes in compliance with best practices.Results:The baseline audit showed 0% compliance with best practice recommendations for seven out of eight audit criteria. Five barriers were identified: (1) absence of fall risk screening tools, (2) lack of fall prevention intervention protocols, (3) insufficient reporting of fall episodes in the records, (4) need for staff training, and (5) high staff turnover. Following the implementation of a fall risk assessment and intervention protocol, along with staff training, seven out of eight audit criteria increased from 0% to between 22.6% and 100%.Conclusions:This evidence-based implementation project improved nursing practice in relation to compliance with best practice interventions to prevent falls.Spanish abstract:http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A229
Fluorescent identification of axons, dendrites and soma of neuronal retinal ganglion cells with a genetic marker as a tool for facilitating the study of neurodegeneration
Authors: Sripinun Puttipong , Lu Wennan , Nikonov Sergei , Patel Suhani , Hennessy Sarah , Bell Brent A. , Mitchell Claire H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study characterizes a fluorescentSlc17a6-tdTomato neuronal reporter mouse line offering strong labeling in axons throughout the optic nerve, dendrites and soma in 99% of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The model facilitates neuronal assessmentex vivowith wholemounts quantified to show neurodegeneration following optic nerve crush or elevated IOP as related to glaucoma,in vitrowith robust Ca2+responses to P2X7 receptor stimulation in neuronal cultures, andin vivousing a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO). While the tdTomato signal showed strong overlap with RGC markers, BRN3A and RBPMS, there was no cross-labeling of displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer. Controls indicated no impact ofSlc17a6-tdTomato expression on light-dependent neuronal function, as determined with a microelectrode array (MEA), or on structure, as measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). In summary, this novel neuronal reporter mouse model offers an effective means to increase the efficiency for real-time, specific visualization of retinal ganglion cells. It holds substantial promise for enhancing our understanding of RGC pathology in glaucoma and other diseases of the optic nerve, and could facilitate the screening of targeted therapeutic interventions for neurodegeneration.Abstract FigureGraphical abstract.Fluorescent identification of axons, dendrites and soma of neuronal retinal ganglion cells with a genetic marker as a tool for facilitating the study of neurodegeneration. Puttipong Sripinun, Wennan Lu, Sergei Nikonov, Suhani Patel, Sarah Hennessy, Claire H. Mitchell*. This study delves into a new mouse model, featuring a fluorescentSlc17a6-tdTomato neuronal reporter. This model effectively labels axons in the optic nerve, as well as dendrites and soma in 99% of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This allows for bothin vitroandin vivoassessment of neurodegeneration, offering a practical tool for real-time, precise visualization of RGCs, with potential applications in various fields of neuroscience and neurology. Created byBiorender.com.
HOS15-mediated turnover of PRR7 enhances freezing tolerance
Authors: Kim Yeon Jeong , Kim Woe Yeon , Somers David E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArabidopsisPSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR7(PRR7) is a core component of the circadian oscillator which also plays a crucial role in freezing tolerance. PRR7 undergoes proteasome-dependent degradation to discretely phase maximal expression in early evening. While its transcriptional repressive activity on downstream genes is integral to cold regulation, the mechanism of the conditional regulation of the PRR7 protein activity is unknown. We used double mutant analysis, protein interaction and ubiquitylation assays to establish that the ubiquitin ligase adaptor,HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 15(HOS15), controls the protein accumulation pattern of PRR7 through direct protein-protein interactions. Freezing tolerance and electrolyte leakage assays show that PRR7 enhances cold temperature sensitivity, supported by ChIP-qPCR atC-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR(CBF) andCOLD REGULATED 15A(COR15A) promoters where PRR7 levels were higher in hos15 mutants. We establish that HOS15 mediates PRR7 protein turnover through enhanced ubiquitylation at low temperature in the dark. Under the same conditions, increased PRR7 association with the promoter regions ofCBFsandCOR15Ainhos15correlates with decreasedCBF1andCOR15Atranscription and enhanced freezing sensitivity. We propose a novel mechanism whereby HOS15-mediated regulation of PRR7 provides an intersection between the circadian system and other cold acclimation pathways leading to freezing tolerance through upregulation ofCBF1andCOR15A.
Insights into the metabolic consequences of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bocher Ozvan , Singh Archit , Huang Yue , Võsa Urmo , Reimann Ene , Arruda Ana , Barysenska Andrei , Kolde Anastassia , Rayner Nigel W. ,   Estonian Biobank research team, Esko Tõnu , Mägi Reedik , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCirculating metabolite levels have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the extent to which these are affected by T2D and the involvement of genetics in mediating these relationships remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigate the interplay between genetics, metabolomics and T2D risk in the UK Biobank dataset. We find 79 metabolites with a causal association to T2D, mostly spanning lipid-related classes, while twice as many metabolites are causally affected by T2D liability, including branched-chain amino acids. Secondly, using an interaction quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, we describe four metabolites, consistently replicated in an independent dataset from the Estonian Biobank, for which genetic loci in two different genomic regions show attenuated regulation in T2D cases compared to controls. The significant variants from the interaction QTL analysis are significant QTLs for the corresponding metabolites in the general population, but are not associated with T2D risk, pointing towards consequences of T2D on the genetic regulation of metabolite levels. Finally, we find 165 metabolites associated with microvascular, macrovascular, or both types of T2D complications, with only a few discriminating between complication classes. Of the 165 metabolites, 40 are not causally linked to T2D in either direction, suggesting biological mechanisms specific to the occurrence of complications. Overall, this work provides a map of the metabolic consequences of T2D and of the genetic regulation of metabolite levels and enable to better understand the trajectory of T2D leading to complications.
Individual variation in red deer responsiveness towards human disturbance: A prospect for wildlife viewing in Europe’s national parks
Authors: Böhme Björn , Peters Anne , Mitterwallner Veronika , Sommer Fabian , Heurich Marco , Hertel Anne G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnimals adjust behavior to changes in perceived predation risk, their so called “landscape of fear”. However, individuals within populations can differ greatly in their plasticity towards perceived risk. In national parks, where animals are often protected from human hunting, wildlife may start losing their fear of humans and become more observable, a process that starts at the individual level. Here we aim to test whether ungulates in one of the only largely non-hunted populations in Europe show individual variation in behavioral plasticity towards gradients of human disturbance. We used random regression to dissolve the individual movement responses of 63 red deer (Cervus elaphus) to spatio-temporal variation in human recreation. We measured human disturbance as the number of recreationists on the closest trail on a given day. We quantified conditional repeatability, i.e., between-individual variation, along the perceived risk gradient. To avoid pseudoreplication, we fitted models to the hours of the day with peak activity or passivity. Diel activity patterns were conserved across individuals in our population, with peak activity in the early morning and late evening. When actively foraging during the morning, red deer responded to human disturbance with flight, i.e., longer hourly movement distances, while they reduced movement in response to disturbance when resting in the middle of the day. Between-individual variation increased with visitor frequentation, i.e., red deer behaved similarly when human disturbance was low, but with increasing human disturbance some deer adjusted movement while others responded little. Our results show that individuals varied greatly in their responsiveness towards human disturbance, with some resuming normal movement behavior. Flight responses are costly and may be selected against in non-hunted populations, leading to an increase in human-tolerant individuals over time. These are good news for national parks for which wildlife viewing is an effective tool to engage the public in conservation. Observing wildlife in Europe is difficult, likely due to a long persecution history and strong hunting pressure. Our results demonstrate that large non-hunting zones may, over time, successfully reduce wildlife’s extreme fear of humans.
Prediction of protein functions using Semantic Based Regularization
Authors: Dimitri Giovanna Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, done in collaboration with Prof. Michelangelo Diligenti (department of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena) we present the use of Semantic Based Regularization Kernel based machine learning method to predict protein function. We initially build the protein functions ontology, given an initial list of proteins. We subsequently performed predictions, both at individual and at joint levels of functions, introducing and adding to the learning procedure ad-hoc first order logic rules. Experiments showed promising performances in using logic rules within the learning process for the sake of bioinformatics applications.
Proteomic Analysis of Dorsal Root Ganglia in a Mouse Model of Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Hanna Rania , Graur Alexandru , Sinclair Patricia , Mckiver Bryan D. , Bos Paula D. , Damaj M. Imad , Kabbani Nadine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPaclitaxel is a chemotherapy drug widely used for the treatment of various cancers based on its ability to potently stabilize cellular microtubules and block division in cancer cells. Paclitaxel-based treatment, however, accumulates in peripheral system sensory neurons and leads to a high incidence rate (over 60%) of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy. Using an established preclinical model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN), we examined proteomic changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of adult male mice that were treated with paclitaxel (8 mg/kg, at 4 injections every other day) relative to vehicle-treated mice. High throughput proteomics based on liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry identified 165 significantly altered proteins in lumbar DRG. Gene ontology enrichment and bioinformatic analysis revealed an effect of paclitaxel on pathways for mitochondrial regulation, axonal function, and inflammatory purinergic signaling as well as microtubule activity. These findings provide insight into molecular mechanisms that can contribute to PIPN in patients.
Sex and Disease Regulate MHC I Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Mathé Justine , Brochu Sylvie , Adam Damien , Brochiero Emmanuelle , Perreault Claude 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMajor histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules present endogenous peptides to CD8+ T-cells for immunosurveillance of infections and cancers. Recent studies revealed unexpected heterogeneity in MHC I expression among cells of different lineages. While respiratory diseases rank among the leading causes of mortality, studies in mice showed that lung epithelial cells (LECs) express lower MHC I levels than all other tested cell types. The present study aimed to evaluate MHC I expression in human LECs from parenchymal explants using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and immunostaining of primary human LECs. After confirming the low constitutive MHC I expression in human LECs, we observed a significant upregulation of MHC I across three chronic respiratory diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and cystic fibrosis (CF). Additionally, we unveiled an unexpected sexual dimorphism in MHC I expression in both health and disease, with males exhibiting higher levels of MHC I under steady-state conditions. Gene expression analyses suggest that differential redox balance between sexes is instrumental in this dimorphism. Our study unveils the complex interplay between MHC I expression, sex, and respiratory diseases. Since, in other models, MHC I upregulation contributes to the development of immunopathologies, we propose that it might have a similar impact on chronic lung diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHYThis study shows that MHC I expression is very low in healthy LECs but escalates significantly in three chronic respiratory diseases, potentially contributing to disease progression. Furthermore, sex-specific divergences in LEC MHC I levels hint at distinct susceptibilities to chronic lung inflammation between males and females.Graphical abstract
TarDis: Achieving Robust and Structured Disentanglement of Multiple Covariates
Authors: Inecik Kemal , Kara Aleyna , Rose Antony , Haniffa Muzlifah , Theis Fabian J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAddressing challenges in domain invariance within single-cell genomics necessitates innovative strategies to manage the heterogeneity of multi-source datasets while maintaining the integrity of biological signals. We introduceTarDis, a novel deep generative model designed to disentangle intricate covariate structures across diverse biological datasets, distinguishing technical artifacts from true biological variations. By employing tailored covariate-specific loss components and a self-supervised approach,TarDiseffectively generates multiple latent space representations that capture each continuous and categorical target covariate separately, along with unexplained variation. Our extensive evaluations demonstrate thatTarDisoutperforms existing methods in data integration, covariate disentanglement, and robust out-of-distribution predictions. The model’s capacity to produce interpretable and structured latent spaces, including ordered latent representations for continuous covariates, enhances its utility in hypothesis-driven research. Consequently,TarDisoffers a promising analytical platform for advancing scientific discovery, providing insights into cellular dynamics, and enabling targeted therapeutic interventions.
Suppressing phagocyte activation by overexpressing the phosphatidylserine lipase ABHD12 preserves sarmopathic nerves
Authors: Dingwall Caitlin B. , Sasaki Yo , Strickland Amy , Summers Daniel W. , Bloom A. Joseph , DiAntonio Aaron , Milbrandt Jeffrey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProgrammed axon degeneration (AxD) is a key feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy axons, the axon survival factor NMNAT2 inhibits SARM1, the central executioner of AxD, preventing it from initiating the rapid local NAD+ depletion and metabolic catastrophe that precipitates axon destruction. Because these components of the AxD pathway act within neurons, it was also assumed that the timetable of AxD was set strictly by a cell-intrinsic mechanism independent of neuron-extrinsic processes later activated by axon fragmentation. However, using a rare human disease model of neuropathy caused by hypomorphic NMNAT2 mutations and chronic SARM1 activation (sarmopathy), we demonstrated that neuronal SARM1 can initiate macrophage-mediated axon elimination long before stressed-but-viable axons would otherwise succumb to cell-intrinsic metabolic failure. Investigating potential SARM1-dependent signals that mediate macrophage recognition and/or engulfment of stressed-but-viable axons, we found that chronic SARM1 activation triggers axonal blebbing and dysregulation of phosphatidylserine (PS), a potent phagocyte immunomodulatory molecule. Neuronal expression of the phosphatidylserine lipase ABDH12 suppresses nerve macrophage activation, preserves motor axon integrity, and rescues motor function in this chronic sarmopathy model. We conclude that PS dysregulation is an early SARM1-dependent axonal stress signal, and that blockade of phagocytic recognition and engulfment of stressed-but-viable axons could be an attractive therapeutic target for management of neurological disorders involving SARM1 activation.