bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective Trafficking of Caveolin to Mitochondria Is Gi-protein Dependent
Authors: Wang Jiawan , Schilling Jan M. , Niesman Ingrid R. , Headrick John P. , Finley J. Cameron , Kwan Evan , Patel Piyush M. , Head Brian P. , Roth David M. , Yue Yun , Patel Hemal H. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background:
Caveolae are a nexus for protective signaling. Trafficking of caveolin to mitochondria is essential for adaptation to cellular stress though the trafficking mechanisms remain unknown. The authors hypothesized that G protein–coupled receptor/inhibitory G protein (Gi) activation leads to caveolin trafficking to mitochondria.

Methods:
Mice were exposed to isoflurane or oxygen vehicle (30 min, ±36 h pertussis toxin pretreatment, an irreversible Gi inhibitor). Caveolin trafficking, cardioprotective “survival kinase” signaling, mitochondrial function, and ultrastructure were assessed.

Results:
Isoflurane increased cardiac caveolae (n = 8 per group; data presented as mean ± SD for Ctrl versus isoflurane; [caveolin-1: 1.78 ± 0.12 vs. 3.53 ± 0.77; P < 0.05]; [caveolin-3: 1.68 ± 0.29 vs. 2.67 ± 0.46; P < 0.05]) and mitochondrial caveolin levels (n = 16 per group; [caveolin-1: 0.87 ± 0.18 vs. 1.89 ± .19; P < 0.05]; [caveolin-3: 1.10 ± 0.29 vs. 2.26 ± 0.28; P < 0.05]), and caveolin-enriched mitochondria exhibited improved respiratory function (n = 4 per group; [state 3/complex I: 10.67 ± 1.54 vs. 37.6 ± 7.34; P < 0.05]; [state 3/complex II: 37.19 ± 4.61 vs. 71.48 ± 15.28; P < 0.05]). Isoflurane increased phosphorylation of survival kinases (n = 8 per group; [protein kinase B: 0.63 ± 0.20 vs. 1.47 ± 0.18; P < 0.05]; [glycogen synthase kinase 3β: 1.23 ± 0.20 vs. 2.35 ± 0.20; P < 0.05]). The beneficial effects were blocked by pertussis toxin.

Conclusions:
Gi proteins are involved in trafficking caveolin to mitochondria to enhance stress resistance. Agents that target Gi activation and caveolin trafficking may be viable cardioprotective agents.
Lung Ultrasound Predicts Well Extravascular Lung Water but Is of Limited Usefulness in the Prediction of Wedge Pressure
Authors: Volpicelli Giovanni , Skurzak Stefano , Boero Enrico , Carpinteri Giuseppe , Tengattini Marco , Stefanone Valerio , Luberto Luca , Anile Antonio , Cerutti Elisabetta , Radeschi Giulio , Frascisco Mauro F. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background:
Pulmonary congestion is indicated at lung ultrasound by detection of B-lines, but correlation of these ultrasound signs with pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) and extravascular lung water (EVLW) still remains to be further explored. The aim of the study was to assess whether B-lines, and eventually a combination with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment, are useful to differentiate low/high PAOP and EVLW in critically ill patients.

Methods:
The authors enrolled 73 patients requiring invasive monitoring from the intensive care unit of four university-affiliated hospitals. Forty-one patients underwent PAOP measurement by pulmonary artery catheterization and 32 patients had EVLW measured by transpulmonary thermodilution method. Lung and cardiac ultrasound examinations focused to the evaluation of B-lines and gross estimation of LVEF were performed. The absence of diffuse B-lines (A-pattern) versus the pattern showing prevalent B-lines (B-pattern) and the combination with normal or impaired LVEF were correlated with cutoff levels of PAOP and EVLW.

Results:
PAOP of 18 mmHg or less was predicted by the A-pattern with 85.7% sensitivity (95% CI, 70.5 to 94.1%) and 40.0% specificity (CI, 25.4 to 56.4%), whereas EVLW 10 ml/kg or less with 81.0% sensitivity (CI, 62.6 to 91.9%) and 90.9% specificity (CI, 74.2 to 97.7%). The combination of A-pattern with normal LVEF increased sensitivity to 100% (CI, 84.5 to 100%) and specificity to 72.7% (CI, 52.0 to 87.2%) for the prediction of PAOP 18 mmHg or less.

Conclusions:
B-lines allow good prediction of pulmonary congestion indicated by EVLW, whereas are of limited usefulness for the prediction of hemodynamic congestion indicated by PAOP. Combining B-lines with estimation of LVEF at transthoracic ultrasound may improve the prediction of PAOP.
bíogo: a simple high-performance bioinformatics toolkit for the Go language
Authors: Kortschak R. Daniel , Adelson David L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstractbíogo is a framework designed to ease development and maintenance of computationally intensive bioinformatics applications. The library is written in the Go programming language, a garbage-collected, strictly typed compiled language with built in support for concurrent processing, and performance comparable to C and Java. It provides a variety of data types and utility functions to facilitate manipulation and analysis of large scale genomic and other biological data. bíogo uses a concise and expressive syntax, lowering the barriers to entry for researchers needing to process large data sets with custom analyses while retaining computational safety and ease of code review. We believe bíogo provides an excellent environment for training and research in computational biology because of its combination of strict typing, simple and expressive syntax, and high performance.
The inherent mutational tolerance and antigenic evolvability of influenza hemagglutinin
Authors: Thyagarajan Bargavi , Bloom Jesse D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractInfluenza is notable for its evolutionary capacity to escape immunity targeting the viral hemagglutinin. We used deep mutational scanning to examine the extent to which a high inherent mutational tolerance contributes to this antigenic evolvability. We created mutant viruses that incorporate most of the≈104amino-acid mutations to hemagglutinin from A/WSN/1933 (H1N1) influenza. After passaging these viruses in tissue culture to select for functional variants, we used deep sequencing to quantify mutation frequencies before and after selection. These data enable us to infer the preference for each amino acid at each site in hemagglutinin. These inferences are consistent with existing knowledge about the protein’s structure and function, and can be used to create a model that describes hemagglutinin’s evolution far better than existing phylogenetic models. We show that hemagglutinin has a high inherent tolerance for mutations at antigenic sites, suggesting that this is one factor contributing to influenza’s antigenic evolution.
Independent Theta Phase Coding Accounts for CA1 Population Sequences and Enables Flexible Remapping
Authors: Chadwick Angus , van Rossum Mark C. W. , Nolan Matthew F. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYPopulations of hippocampal place cells encode an animal’s past, current and future location through sequences of action potentials generated within each cycle of the network theta rhythm. These sequential representations have been suggested to result from temporally coordinated synaptic interactions within and between cell assemblies. In contrast, we show that a model based on rate and phase coding in independent neurons is sufficient to explain the organization of CA1 population activity during theta states. We show that CA1 population activity can be described as an evolving traveling wave that exhibits phase coding, rate coding, spike sequences and that generates an emergent population theta rhythm. We identify measures of global remapping and intracellular theta dynamics as critical for distinguishing mechanisms for pacemaking and coordination of sequential population activity. Our analysis suggests that independent coding enables flexible generation of sequential population activity within the duration of a single theta cycle.
CasFinder: Flexible algorithm for identifying specific Cas9 targets in genomes
Authors: Aach John , Mali Prashant , Church George M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 systems enable many molecular activities to be efficiently directedin vivoto user-specifiable DNA sequences of interest, including generation of dsDNA cuts and nicks, transcriptional activation and repression, and fluorescence. CRISPR targeting relies on base pairing of short RNA transcripts with their target DNA sequences that must also be adjacent to fixed DNA motifs. However, rules for Cas9 targeting specificity are incompletely known. With increasing numbers of Cas9 systems being developed and deployed in more and more organisms, there is now strong need for a flexible and rational method for finding Cas9 sites with low off-targeting potential. We address this through the CasFinder system, which we demonstrate by generating human and mouse exome-wide catalogs of specific sites for three varieties of Cas9 –S. pyogenes,S. thermophilus(ST1), andN. meningitidis– that each target 56-74% of all exons. We also generate reduced sets of up to 3 targets per gene for use in high-throughput Cas9-based gene knockout screens that target 75-80% of all genes.
diCal-IBD: demography-aware inference of identity-by-descent tracts in unrelated individuals
Authors: Tataru Paula , Nirody Jasmine A. , Song Yun S. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSummary:We present a tool, diCal-IBD, for detecting identity-by-descent (IBD) tracts between pairs of genomic sequences. Our method builds on a recent demographic inference method based on the coalescent with recombination, and is able to incorporate demographic information as a prior. Simulation study shows that diCal-IBD has significantly higher recall and precision than that of existing IBD detection methods, while retaining reasonable accuracy for IBD tracts as small as 0.1 cM.Availability:http://sourceforge.net/p/dical-ibdContact:yss@eecs.berkeley.edu
Promises in psychological contract drive commitment for clinicians
Authors: Ellershaw Julia , Steane Peter , McWilliams John , Dufour Yvon 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Job satisfaction, mental health and organisational commitment are important for clinician retention. Psychological contracts, organisational justice and negative affectivity (NA) have been linked with these outcomes but there is limited research examining these concepts in combination, particularly for clinicians. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationships between psychological contract breach, organisational justice and NA, on the outcomes of organisational commitment, psychological distress and job satisfaction, in a medical context.

Design/methodology/approach
– Surveys were distributed to Australian hospital clinicians through their internal mail and 81 completed surveys were returned (response rate=24 per cent).

Findings
– Multiple regression analyses revealed that organisational commitment was related to NA, psychological contract obligation and the interaction between psychological contract breach and distributive justice. Psychological distress was related to NA and procedural justice. Job satisfaction was related to the interaction between psychological contract breach and informational justice, however, the overall model for job satisfaction was not significant.

Practical implications
– By implementing innovative social exchange processes, healthcare organisations can ensure distributive justice is maintained in the culture in event of contract breach, and by so doing build safety mechanisms into sustaining commitment from clinicians.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the literature on clinical governance in managing the psychological contract to sustain commitment from clinical staff. The findings provide new insights into the factors effecting employee outcomes for clinicians.
Perceptions of nurses on the impact of accreditation on quality of care
Authors: Yildiz Ahmet , Kaya Sidika 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– This article aims to investigate perceptions of Turkish nurses on the impact of accreditation on quality of care and the effect of accreditation on quality results.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study was performed as a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey on 258 nurses who started working in the hospital before it was accredited and continued to work during and after accrediation and who therefore knew both the hospital's pre-accrediation and post-accreditation periods. In this study, descriptive statistical analyses (means and standard deviations) were carried out to explore the views of the participants on “quality results,” “benefits of accreditation” and “participation of employees.” “Quality results” was considered to be the dependent variable, while “benefits of accreditation” and “participation of employees” were accepted as the independent variables. The relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables was tested using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. External patient satisfaction data collected by the quality department of the hospital before and after accreditation were also investigated.

Findings
– It was found that nurses had generally high scores for the items concerning the benefits of accreditation. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the dependent variable (quality results) and the independent variables (benefits of accreditation and participation of employees). Regression analysis indicated that R2=0.461 and the extent to which the independent variables explained the dependent variable was 46.1 per cent, which is a high rate. Patient satisfaction scores increased after accreditation.

Practical implications
– Our study suggest that providing support for nurses, especially nurses with administrative responsibilities and incorporating employees into the process are important for exercising quality standards.

Originality/value
– Hospital accreditation has a positive impact on quality results especially on quality of care provided to patients and patient satisfaction. Study findings could guide policy makers and hospital managers in Turkey and in other countries who are preparing or implementing accreditation.
Improving trainee psychiatrist's handover: standard setting and audit
Authors: Gupta Arun , Bevan Ruth , Vasudev Akshya 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The 2006 Post Graduate Medical Education Trust Board (PMETB) trainees' survey indicated inadequacies in handover procedures amongst medical and psychiatry trainees nationwide; and in 2007 a local psychiatry trainees' survey found inadequate handover procedures. The purpose of this paper is to show how to improve handover practice through standard setting and sequential audit.

Design/methodology/approach
– A Trust wide Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for handover was developed. Trainees were audited on perception of handover experiences (2008, 2009 and 2010).

Findings
– The audit revealed that the SOP was not consistently followed. Handing over “active problems” (AP) was perceived to occur frequently in 2008 (93.75 per cent), improved in 2009 (100 per cent for AP, 98 per cent for “problems which may arise”, (PA)); however deteriorated in 2010 (93 per cent for AP, 69 per cent for PA). Trainee satisfaction rates with handover improved each year (57 per cent in 2008, 75 per cent in 2009, 87 per cent in 2010, X2=3.7, df=2, p=0.16).

Practical implications
– SOP development, subsequent audits and sharing of results improved handover practice. This has implications for training and patient safety. This project demonstrates a method of improving handover practices in a large mental health trust.

Originality/value
– The work conducted is of interest to those working in psychiatry, not only from an education and training perspective, but also for clinical practice, in the UK as well as internationally.
Orthopaedic triage: cost effectiveness, diagnostic/surgical and management rates
Authors: Burn Damon , Beeson Elaine 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate cost effectiveness, diagnostic rates, surgical percentage and appropriateness for orthopaedic referrals and number of patients able to be seen in orthopaedic triage from GP orthopaedic referrals.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study involved triaging paper referrals for orthopaedic outpatients to an interface service, orthotics or continue normal route. Data were collected on outcome of the interface appointment and outcomes for those patients referred to orthopaedics from the appointment.

Findings
– The study demonstrated a 27.3 per cent cost saving from the normal orthopaedic route with 86.1 per cent of patients able to be managed by an extended scope physiotherapist (ESP) without requiring orthopaedic assessment. Appropriateness of onward orthopaedic referrals was 80.5 per cent with surgery conversion rate of 75 per cent.

Originality/value
– Although triage and ESP positions have been studied before, this is the first known study to look at cost effectiveness across the patient pathway despite this being a large reason for the creation of these positions. Further larger studies are required to build upon this base in terms of demonstrating the cost effectiveness of the value of these positions.
Engaging and disengaging doctoral experiences in the behavioural sciences
Authors: Vekkaila Jenna , Pyhältö Kirsi , Lonka Kirsti 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to explore doctoral students' engaging and disengaging experiences among a group of students whose doctoral processes had been prolonged for more than seven years.

Design/methodology/approach
– The participants were 16 doctoral students in the behavioural sciences. The data were collected with interviews employing a visualisation of their doctoral journeys, and were content analysed qualitatively.

Findings
– The results suggested that the students described their engagement in doctoral work in terms of dedication, vigour and occasionally absorption. In turn, disengagement was described in terms of insufficiency, cynicism and sometimes exhaustion. Interestingly, the source of engagement was typically a sense of belonging in the scholarly community, whereas the students often reported a lack of autonomy and a lack of belonging as sources for disengagement.

Research limitations/implications
– Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the development of engagement in doctoral work among students from different contexts.

Practical implications
– In terms of developing more engaging learning environments, the findings imply that by enhancing students' sense of belonging to their scholarly community and their experiences of autonomy within it their engagement in doctoral work, and further, development as researchers can be fostered.

Originality/value
– This study extends the understanding of what may engage or disengage students from their doctoral studies and the essential relationship between the sense of autonomy and that of belonging in doctoral student engagement, in particular in the context of prolonged doctoral studies in the behavioural sciences.
The problems of resistance to scuffing of heavily loaded lubricated friction joints with WC/C-coated parts
Authors: Michalczewski Remigiusz , Piekoszewski Witold , Tuszynski Waldemar , Szczerek Marian 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to explore the mechanisms of scuffing propagation of heavily loaded lubricated friction pair elements coated with low-friction WC/C coating for various material combinations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The investigations were performed for low-friction coatings WC/C (a-C:H:W) deposited by the reactive sputtering physical vapour deposition (PVD) process. Experiments were carried out using a four-ball tester with continuously increasing loads. Tests were conducted for the following four material combinations: steel/steel tribosystem (all balls uncoated); steel/coating tribosystem (one upper ball uncoated/three lower balls WC/C-coated); coating/steel tribosystem (one upper ball WC/C-coated/three lower balls uncoated); and coating/coating tribosystem (all balls WC/C-coated).

Findings
– The better scuffing resistance is achieved by coating only one element (coating/steel tribosystem) than all elements (coating/coating tribosystem). The description of scuffing propagation for all investigated tribosystems was done. The high scuffing resistance of the coating/steel tribosystem resulted from reducing the adhesion between rubbing surfaces due to low chemical affinity (similarities) between the steel and the coating material and the presence of solid lubricant in the friction zone.

Practical implications
– In all cases, when a coating is applied, an increase in scuffing resistance is observed. However, it is better to coat only one element than all. Furthermore, the scuffing resistance for the coating/steel tribosystem is significantly higher than for the steel/coating tribosystem.

Originality/value
– The main value of this paper is description of scuffing propagation and revealing the new aspects in application of low-friction WC/C coating for heavily loaded lubricated friction pair elements. The overlapping ratio has been defined as an important factor influencing the scuffing resistance of the coated tribosystems.
A three-dimensional fusion prediction model for fractal rough surfaces in the sliding contact process
Authors: Lu Yan , Liu Zuomin 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this manuscript is to analyze the fusion micro-zone generated by typical rough surfaces and investigate the factors of thermal effects on the tribological performance of surface asperities and its results verified by the experiment.

Design/methodology/approach
– A three-dimensional fractal rough surfaces sliding contact model has been developed, which takes into account temperature rise and distribution. The finite-element method, Green's function method, thermal conduct theory and contact mechanics are used as the solution methods.

Findings
– The results yield insights into the effects of the sliding velocity, thermal properties of the material, normal load and surface roughness on the temperature rise of the sliding contact surface. It allows the specification of working conductions' properties to reduce fusion.

Originality/value
– The model is developed and described by using the features of the contact between one flat surface and one rough surface with varied topographies. It can be easily applied for solving the sliding contact problems with different working conditions and specified for designing the surface accuracy in the severe working condition.
Squeeze film characteristics of conical bearings operating with non-Newtonian lubricants – Rabinowitsch fluid model
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Hsing , Lin Jaw-Ren , Mou Lian-Jong , Kuo Chia-Chuan 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical study of non-Newtonian effects in conical squeeze-film plates that is based on the Rabinowitsch fluid model.

Design/methodology/approach
– A non-linear, modified Reynolds equation accounting for the non-Newtonian properties following the cubic stress law equation is derived. Through a small perturbation method, first-order closed-form solutions are obtained.

Findings
– It is found that the non-Newtonian properties of dilatant fluids increase the load capacity and lengthen the response time as compared to the case using a Newtonian lubricant; however, the non-Newtonian behaviors of pseudoplastic lubricants result in reverse influences.

Originality/value
– Numerical tables for squeeze-film loads of conical plates are also provided for engineering applications.