bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water lubrication of PTFE composites
Authors: Deleanu Lorena , Georgescu Constantin 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The paper aims to present results on the friction and the wear of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and eight commercially available composites with PTFE matrix, for tests done on shoe/roller tribotester with water lubrication in open circuit. There are pointed out particular tribological processes within the superficial layers of the composites with the help of optical microscopy.Design/methodology/approach– Analysing the tribological behaviour of eight grades of PTFE composites sliding in water on shoe/roller tribotester.Findings– Good results of wear behaviour under water lubrication for all the composites. PTFE exhibits severe wear under the tested regime.Originality/value– The research could support PTFE composite application for water lubricated systems.
Analyzing media types and content orientations in Facebook for global brands
Authors: Kim Dae-Hee , Spiller Lisa , Hettche Matt 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to examine current practices of social media marketing among major global brands across five product categories (namely, convenience, shopping, specialty, industrial and service). Assessing the frequency, media type and content orientations of corporate Facebook pages, this study aims to isolate the qualitative factors of a brand’s social media message that are most likely to facilitate a consumer response.

Design/methodology/approach
– A content analysis of 1,086 social media posts was conducted from the corporate Facebook pages of 92 global brands during a one-month (snapshot) time horizon in July 2013. The data collected from each individual post include its media type (i.e. text, photo or video), its content orientation (i.e. task, interaction and self-oriented) and the number and type of consumer response it generated (i.e. likes, comments and shares).

Findings
– Research findings reveal that global brands actively utilize social media, posting on average three messages per week and generally use photos (as a media type) and interaction-focused content (as a content orientation) to secure consumer responses. However, differences in consumer responses exist along various product categories, message media type and message content orientation.

Practical implications
– Findings imply that marketers should not only carefully consider the media type they use to message consumers on social media but should also try to consider the individual consumer’s motive for interaction.

Originality/value
– This article suggests a new way to study social media content by applying pre-existing communication frameworks from salesmanship literature as a way to define message content orientation.
Effects of awareness of prior-year testing strategies and engagement risk on audit decisions
Authors: Fay Rebecca , Jenkins J. Gregory , Popova Velina 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of the study is to examine how awareness of the prior year fraud detection testing strategy impacts auditor judgments at differing levels of engagement risk.

Design/methodology/approach
– A 2 × 2 between-subject experiment was conducted using 64 practicing auditors as participants. The independent variables are manipulated at two levels – awareness of prior-year testing strategy (aware versus unaware) and engagement risk (high versus low). The dependent measures are identified risk factors, targeted areas of auditors’ risk assessments, proposed audit procedures and the desire to consult with a forensic specialist.

Findings
– Although continuing auditors anchor on prior-year audit strategies, new auditors (who are unaware of prior-year testing strategies) focus on generally known high-risk areas and firm standard procedures while planning the audit.

Practical implications
– This paper contributes to the ongoing debate regarding how auditor tenure impacts auditors’ decision-making at a time when the profession and US regulators are focused on enhancing audit quality. The findings further suggest that auditors should take steps to enhance their judgments and avoid potential biases, particularly when planning continuing engagements.

Originality/value
– Although the extant literature document anchoring by continuing auditors, this paper is the first to examine successor auditors’ fraud testing strategies. The findings suggest auditors on high-risk engagements who are unaware of the prior-year testing strategy may process information at a deeper level, as they are more likely to seek consultation with a forensic specialist rather than relying on simple heuristics.
Producing deception detection expertise
Authors: Blair J. Pete , Levine Timothy R. , Vasquez Bob E. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– To function effectively, police must separate lies from truth. Police, ideally, would be experts at this task, yet there is debate surrounding whether expertise in detecting deception is possible. Drawing upon literature outside of deception detection, the purpose of this paper is to explore whether subjects making deception judgments can improve their performance.Design/methodology/approach– The sample was 19 students from two graduate-level classes. Subjects viewed six sets of videos over eight weeks. The first five sets displayed individuals reporting whether they cheated on an exam. The sixth set displayed individuals reporting whether they had committed a (mock) robbery. After each video, subjects judged whether the videoed individual was truthful, and then the actual status was revealed.Findings– Subjects’ accuracy improved consistently over the first five sets of videos; from about 69 percent accuracy to about 89 percent accuracy. However, the accuracy for the sixth set of videos dropped dramatically to 46 percent. The results indicate that expertise in deception detection may be possible, but is likely to be limited in terms of generalizability.Research limitations/implications– The actual environment of police investigations is more variable than the study’s setting. Future studies should integrate inaccurate and incomplete feedback, which are realistic characteristics of investigations.Practical implications– The findings suggest that, like other areas of expertise, it may be possible to develop expertise in detecting deception through the use of deliberate practice with accurate feedback.Originality/value– This study combines three literature-substantiated criteria for developing deception detection expertise. The study environment involved regularity. Subjects were deliberately practicing, and subjects received accurate feedback.
Syntactic nominalization in latin: a case of non‐canonical subject agreement
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana , Haug Dag Trygve Truslew 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMuch difficulty in the analysis of Latin constructions with dominant participles is caused by a typologically unusual pattern of subject agreement: instead of being assigned case according to their subject function (like, e.g., the accusative subjects of infinitives), subjects of participles appear in the same case as the participle itself. This study presents evidence against deriving dominant participle constructions from participles' attributive uses and argues that they should instead be analyzed as a syntactic nominalization in which the participle is the head that agrees with its subject in case. Our account relies on two separate components: (i) a clausal nominalization rule, introduced at the level of phrase structure, and closely resembling the structure of the English gerund; and (ii) a subject agreement rule, treated as a lexical property of Latin participles, and common to all their uses (not just the dominant use). Our synchronic account is supported by diachronic evidence, which suggests that the dominant participle construction developed in Latin through reanalysis of the absolute participle construction (shared by many ancient Indo‐European languages). The change involved the introduction of a clausal nominalization rule, while the subject agreement rule was likely present from early on and not affected by the change.
Postcolonializing Berlin and The Fabrication of The Urban
Authors: Hentschel Christine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPostcolonializing Berlin is an experiment in rethinking (Western) cities from the South. It embraces conceptual innovations from thinkers in African, Latin American and Asian urban studies to complicate the stories we tell about contemporary Berlin. My argument proceeds in four steps. I begin by asking what makes the North–South division in urban studies so problematic, and what needs to happen to shake up those categories. Then I share some of my own trials and errors in looking at Berlin‐Neukölln through the lens of ‘the South', before offering an alternative frame, which I call ‘urban fabricating', as a way of inquiring into and perceiving changing urban settings. In the final part, gambling parlours in Berlin‐Neukölln move into focus, where different forms of fabrication are at work: the regeneration officials' vision for the future of the neighbourhood, the inspectors' improvisations on the casino law, and the casino owners' ways of muddling through at the edges of the law. Rather than searching for the one new theory to shake up urban studies, fabricating is, I suggest, an unagitated approach to the actual processes through which cities are made.
Governing Enclosure: The Role of Governance in Producing Gated Communities and Guarded Neighborhoods in Malaysia
Authors: Tedong Peter Aning , Grant Jill L. , Wan Abd Aziz Wan Nor Azriyati 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEnclosed residential areas are proliferating in Malaysian cities, in common with many other parts of the world. The production of gated communities and guarded neighborhoods in Malaysia reveals the active role of the state in creating conditions that support enclosure and securitization of space. This article examines the role of governance in producing residential enclaves that reinforce segregation and fragment urban landscapes. Based on a study of gated communities in Malaysia, we argue that governments, corporations and citizen groups collaborate within a complex governance system that (re)produces enclosure. Neoliberal market principles fuse with ethnic politics, cultural predilections and economic imperatives to generate a socially and spatially fragmented urban landscape where security concerns dominate and where citizens culturally, physically and symbolically segregate themselves from others.
Evaluating Simulant Materials for Understanding Cranial Backspatter from a Ballistic Projectile
Authors: Das Raj , Collins Alistair , Verma Anurag , Fernandez Justin , Taylor Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn cranial wounds resulting from a gunshot, the study of backspatter patterns can provide information about the actual incidents by linking material to surrounding objects. This study investigates the physics of backspatter from a high‐speed projectile impact and evaluates a range of simulant materials using impact tests. Next, we evaluate a mesh‐free method called smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to model the splashing mechanism during backspatter. The study has shown that a projectile impact causes fragmentation at the impact site, while transferring momentum to fragmented particles. The particles travel along the path of least resistance, leading to partial material movement in the reverse direction of the projectile motion causing backspatter. Medium‐density fiberboard is a better simulant for a human skull than polycarbonate, and lorica leather is a better simulant for a human skin than natural rubber.SPHis an effective numerical method for modeling the high‐speed impact fracture and fragmentations.
Protein and thiamin intakes are not related to cognitive function in well‐nourished community‐living older adults
Authors: Koh Freda , Charlton Karen E. , Walton Karen , Brock Erin , McMahon Anne T. , Langford Kelly , Host Alison , Crowe Ruth , Thornhill Kayla 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimSome studies have suggested that thiamin (vitamin B1) may have a protective effect on the maintenance of cognitive function in older people. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the association between dietary intakes, specifically protein and thiamin with cognitive function.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted on community‐living older adults aged ≥60 years in the Illawarra region of New South Wales. Dietary intakes were collected using a three‐day food record and various domains of cognition were tested. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Correlations and regressions were conducted to investigate the association between dietary intakes and areas of cognitive function.ResultsForty‐eight volunteers participated (mean age: 78.2 ± 6.1 years; BMI: 28.8 ± 5.4 kg/m2; MNA Score: 26.8 ± 2.4; 35% men). Men had higher intakes of energy (kJ), carbohydrate, saturated fat and sodium than women. No significant association was found between protein or thiamin and the tested domains of cognition. Associations were found between vitamin D intake and the Letter Fluency Test (r = −0.302, P < 0.05) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (r = −0.400, P < 0.001), and between both carbohydrate (r = 0.383, P = < 0.05) and iron intake (r = 0.333, P < 0.05) and the GDS.ConclusionsIn a sample of generally healthy, well‐nourished older adults, no associations were found between protein or thiamin intakes and the tested components of cognition. Further investigation is required to determine if an increase in these nutrients through the provision of food sources has benefits to improve cognitive function.
Controlled and Targeted Drug Delivery by a UV‐responsive Liposome for Overcoming Chemo‐resistance in Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Li Huafei , Guo Kun , Wu Cong , Shu Ling , Guo Shiwei , Hou Jing , Zhao Naping , Wei Lixin , Man Xiaobo , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2015

Although chemotherapy plays a vital role in treating non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, the clinical applications are limited because of intolerable side‐effects and multidrug resistance at the beginning or during the course of therapy. In this study, we successfully fabricated a CD20‐targeting immuno‐liposome based on 1,2‐bis(10,12‐tricosadiynoyl)‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DC‐8,9PC), which can form intermolecular cross‐linking through the diacetylenic group by ultraviolet irradiation. This immuno‐liposome showed appropriate size distribution, well‐defined regular spherical structure, favorable biocompatibility, high serum stability, and prolonged circulation time in blood vessels. The in and ex vivo experiments demonstrate enhanced tumor suppression abilities against both wild‐type and resistant non‐Hodgkin lymphomas for liposomal doxorubicin when compared with free drugs. The outstanding antitumor activities are attributed to the accumulation and retention of liposomal drugs in malignant tissues and cells, which are realized by the co‐operation of active targeting via antibody–antigen reaction and passive targeting via enhanced permeability and retention effect.
Microperimetric assessment of the two optical coherence tomography subtypes of acute macular neuroretinopathy
Authors: Battaglia Parodi Maurizio , Iacono Pierluigi , Panico Daniele , Cascavilla Marialucia , Bandello Francesco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates the morpho‐functional alterations associated with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMNR).DesignProspective observational case series study carried out at the University Vita‐Salute, Scientific Institute San Raffaele.ParticipantsFive out of six eyes (three patients) showed the typical features of AMNR.MethodsThe patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, including best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, electroretinogram and electroculogram (ERG/EOG), multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), infrared reflectance, short wavelength and near‐infrared‐fundus autofluorescence (SW‐FAF/NIR‐FAF), spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) and microperimetry.Main Outcome MeasureMicroperimetric alterations in the two SD‐OCT subtypes of AMNR.ResultsThe BCVA was 20/20 in all patients. ERG and EOG were normal; mfERG revealed a generally reduced response with a more reduced signal in the areas corresponding to the macular lesions. SD‐OCT demonstrated two different patterns of retinal alterations. In case 1, SD‐OCT revealed a hyperreflective, plaque‐like band at the junction of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL), extending into the INL (type 1 lesion). In cases 2 and 3, SD‐OCT disclosed a hyperreflectivity of the OPL associated with outer nuclear layer thinning and disruption of the outer segment/retinal pigment epithelium junction (type 2 lesion). Microperimetry revealed a wide scotoma involving the entire macular area in all eyes, including the unaffected eye of case 1. The reduction in retinal sensitivity was greatest in type 1.ConclusionsSD‐OCT confirms that AMNR may occur in different patterns. Microperimetry demonstrated that functional alterations are also discernible in apparently uninvolved areas. Both examinations are extremely valuable in characterizing the changes associated with AMNR.
Left Ventricular Twist Mechanics Are Impaired in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow
Authors: Barutçu Ahmet , Bekler Adem , Temiz Ahmet , Kırılmaz Bahadır , Yener Ali Ümit , Tan Yusuf Ziya , Gazi Emine , Altun Burak 
Published: March 2015

PurposeCoronary slow flow (CSF) is a rare condition described as the delayed angiographic passage of a contrast agent in the absence of stenosis in epicardial coronary arteries. Left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunctions have been described in the presence of CSF. However, the effect of CSF on LV twist functions has not been assessed. We aimed to evaluate the effects of CSF on LV twist mechanics using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).MethodsTwenty CSF patients (24–60 years) were enrolled according to the exclusion criteria. Twenty subjects with similar demographic characteristics and normal coronary arteries were the controls. Participants were evaluated with conventional echocardiography and STE.ResultsThe general characteristics of the two groups were similar. LV twist, LV torsion, and apical rotation were impaired in the CSF group (P = 0.015, P = 0.012, and P < 0.001, respectively). Time to peak twist (TPT) and time to peak untwisting (TPU) were prolonged in CSF patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the CSF group, rotation–deformation delay was shortened (P < 0.001) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was lower (P < 0.001). The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count was negatively correlated with LV twist, LV torsion and apical rotation (P = 0.002, r = −0.624; P = 0.002, r = −0.624; and P = 0.002, r = −0.632, respectively).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that LV twist mechanics are impaired in CSF patients. Worse LV twist parameters were associated with greater TIMI frame count.
The History of Articulators: The Wonderful World of “Grinders,” Part III
Authors: Starcke Edgar N. , Engelmeier Robert L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis is the third article in a three‐part series on the history of denture occlusal grinders. The first article reviewed the earliest attempts to “grind in” denture occlusion by hand manipulating simple articulators with special features to those more complex devices powered by hand cranks. The second article explored devices that were motor driven, either those with cast holders to grind the occlusion of processed dentures or those designed to utilize an articulator's condylar or incisal controls for that purpose. This article examines those articulators that have a rotary occlusal grinder as an essential feature. Additionally, this article reviews those grinding devices produced as attachments for popular contemporary articulators.
An Efficient and Cost‐Effective Technique to Construct an Intraoral Central Bearing Tracing Device
Authors: Lin Kevin C. , Wagner Stephen A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntraoral central bearing tracing has been shown to be a predictable way of recording and verifying centric relation position for patients. Existing tracing devices are challenging to use due to several significant clinical limitations. In comparison to commercially available counterparts, this article presents a technique that simplifies instrumentation and clinical steps to make an intraoral tracer for making centric relation records, determining occlusal vertical dimension, and detecting deflective occlusal contacts in edentulous patients.
Association between caesarean section and childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kuhle S. , Tong O. S. , Woolcott C. G. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBirth by caesarean section has been recently implicated in the aetiology of childhood obesity, but studies examining the association have varied with regard to their settings, designs, and adjustment for potential confounders. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to summarize the available evidence and to explore study characteristics as sources of heterogeneity. A search of Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science identified 28 studies. Random effects meta‐analysis was used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Caesarean section had a RR of 1.34 (CI 1.18–1.51) for obesity in the child compared with vaginal birth. The RR was lower for studies that adjusted for maternal pre‐pregnancy weight than for studies that did not (1.29, CI 1.16–1.44 vs. 1.55, CI 1.11–2.17). Studies that examined multiple early life factors reported lower RRs than studies that specifically examined caesarean section (1.39, CI 1.23–1.57 vs. 1.23, CI 0.97–1.56). Effect estimates did not vary by child's age at obesity assessment, study design or country income. Children born by caesarean section are at higher risk of developing obesity in childhood. Findings are limited by a moderate heterogeneity among studies and the potential for residual confounding and publication bias.
Topical Timolol Solution Versus Laser in Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma: A Comparative Study
Authors: Tawfik Abeer A. , Alsharnoubi Jehan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLasers, 595‐nm pulsed dye and 1,064‐nm neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), have been used successfully for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IHs). Recently the use of a topical β‐blocker, specifically timolol maleate, has been promising in the treatment of IHs. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of topical timolol 5 mg/mL solution with that of combined sequential dual‐wavelength laser in the treatment of IHs. Sixty children with IHs were divided randomly into two equal groups. Group 1 was treated with applications of timolol drops (5 mg/mL) twice daily. Group 2 was treated with sequential pulsed dye and Nd:Yag laser. Treatments were performed every month for a maximum of six sessions. Efficacy was evaluated clinically and by measuring the average hemoglobin level. A significant decrease in the average hemoglobin level was determined in both groups and a dramatic response was observed in superficial hemangiomas in the timolol group. The timolol group received treatment for an average of 4.0 ± 1.1 months and the laser group for 5.5 ± 0.9 months. The degree of improvement of mixed hemangiomas to laser treatment was greater than that of the timolol group. During 3 months of follow‐up, no further improvement or relapse was reported in either group. Timolol solution is a safe and effective alternative to laser treatment in superficial hemangiomas. In mixed hemangiomas, the combined sequential 595‐nm and 1,064‐nm dual‐wavelength laser provided better results than timolol solution because it penetrated deeply so that deep dermal blood vessels were reached.