bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of adult experiences, multimorbidity and positive psychological well-being to social inequalities in health
Authors: Fancourt Daisy , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We focus on three aspects of health inequalities. The first is the role of adult adversities such as chronic work stress, breakdown of intimate relationships, social isolation and discrimination, all of which contribute to increased morbidity and to premature mortality. These experiences are more common among less advantaged groups, so promote health inequalities. Second, we emphasize the impact of multimorbidity, the presence of two or more long-term physical and mental health conditions, on health inequalities. Inequalities in mental ill-health early in life are directly linked to later physical health inequalities, highlighting the critical importance of managing multiple conditions effectively. Third, we discuss socio-economic inequalities in protective psychological characteristics, such as purpose in life, optimism and positive well-being. These experiences are graded by education, income and occupational prestige. They are not only health protective but also malleable. Enhancing these factors through psychological and social interventions may contribute to reductions in health inequalities.
Intergenerational mobility in the UK
Authors: van der Erve Laura , Krutikova Sonya , Macmillan Lindsey , Sturrock David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Intergenerational mobility is a subject of a large literature in social science. In this commentary, we review existing evidence for the UK and present some new estimates for England using novel administrative and survey data spotlighting some of recent directions in intergenerational mobility research within economics driven by changes in several key trends in the recent decades, as well as growing availability of administrative data.
Inequality, firms, ownership and governance
Authors: Mayer Colin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Levels of productivity have been low in the UK since the financial crisis of 2008 for two reasons. First, the UK has a highly centralized banking sector that provides predominantly short-term working capital. As a result, small- and medium-sized enterprises are dependent on equity sources to fund their creation and expansion that are not readily available outside of London. Second, ownership of listed companies in the UK is exceptionally dispersed amongst global short-term asset management firms. This has had adverse consequences for productivity and inequality within as well as between firms and regions.
Early childhood inequalities
Authors: Cattan Sarah , Fitzsimons Emla , Goodman Alissa , Phimister Angus , Ploubidis George B , Wertz Jasmin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While there is widespread agreement in societies like the UK that every child has the right to a secure childhood and the opportunity to develop to their full potential, this does not match with reality for many of the 4 million children under the age of 5 years currently living in the UK. This article draws on existing evidence and presents new UK-focused analysis on the nature, magnitude, evolution and long-term implications of early childhood inequalities. Reflecting on this evidence, the article provides a critical appraisal of how policy aimed at supporting very young children and their families has fared in terms of reducing inequality. Reflecting on this evidence, the article provides a critical appraisal of how policy aimed at supporting very young children and their families has fared in terms of reducing inequality. The evidence presented in the article gives a motivating call to policy to support the complex needs of parents of infants and young children, alongside addressing the structural inequalities that can have devastating long-term consequences for children.
The inclusive entrepreneurial state: collective wealth creation and distribution
Authors: Mazzucato Mariana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary explores how a new theory of value creation has implications for the distribution of that value. It argues that different theories of value creation lead to different resource allocations and different justifications for them. Thus, to achieve a more equitable distribution of value, a new theory of how that value is created in the first place is needed. This new theory should recognize that value is created collectively, not only by business but also by government and civil society. The state, while predominantly portrayed in traditional economics as a market fixer, has instead often been responsible for actively shaping and creating markets, not just fixing them. Indeed, the most successful capitalist economies have had proactive states that made risky investments, many of which led to technological revolutions. A better understanding of the state's role as a lead risk-taker and innovator (the ‘entrepreneurial state’) can thus also enable a more socially equitable distribution of value.
Living at the sharp end of socio-economic inequality: everyday experiences of poverty and social security receipt
Authors: Patrick Ruth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary explores lived experiences of social security and poverty, drawing on qualitative data generated over 11 years, and across four research studies. The research shows clearly the relational harms caused by poverty, inequality and social security delivery which is highly conditional and too often fails to treat individuals with dignity and respect. The commentary details the misrecognition and disrespect that routinely feature in claimants encounters with social security, and sets out the importance of policy change that encompasses both redistribution and recognition of the very real contributions made by people experiencing poverty. It is also vital to centre reforms that focus on the relational dimension of social security receipt, and improvements herein.
CANTATAdb 3.0: An Updated Repository of Plant Long Non-Coding RNAs
Authors: Szcześniak Michał Wojciech , Wanowska Elżbieta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
CANTATAdb 3.0 is an updated database of plant long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), containing 571,688 lncRNAs identified across 108 species, including 100 Magnoliopsida (flowering plants), a significant expansion from the previous version. A notable feature is the inclusion of 112,980 lncRNAs that are expressed specifically in certain plant organs or embryos, indicating their potential role in development and organ-specific processes. In addition, CANTATAdb 3.0 includes 74,886 pairs of evolutionarily conserved lncRNAs found across 47 species and inferred from genome–genome alignments as well as conserved lncRNAs obtained using a similarity search approach in 5,479 species pairs, which would further aid in the selection of lncRNAs for functional studies. Interestingly, we find that conserved lncRNAs with tissue-specific expression patterns tend to occupy the same plant organ across different species, pointing toward conserved biological roles. The database now offers extended search capabilities and downloadable data in popular formats, further facilitating research on plant lncRNAs.
Buprenorphine for acute pain in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Selman Katherine , Perelman Sarah , Blatcher Caroline , Fett David , Adams Amanda , Roberts Brian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, has emerging evidence as an alternative to full agonist opioids for treatment of acute pain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of buprenorphine for acute pain in older adults.

Methods
PubMed Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINHAL, Web of Science database, and Google Scholar were searched. We included articles that reported buprenorphine as an intervention to treat acute pain among patients 60 years or older. Primary outcome was difference in pain scores for patients treated with buprenorphine compared to other analgesia. Secondary outcomes included adverse events, opioid consumption, and patient satisfaction. Meta-analysis was conducted on difference in pain scores and differences in nausea and vomiting.

Results
Twenty-two studies were included (n = 2610). Buprenorphine was administered as nerve blocks in 6 studies, transdermal in eight, intravenous or intramuscular in 5, sublingual in 2 studies, and both intravenous and sublingual in one study. 10 out of 20 (50%) studies found improved pain control in buprenorphine groups. Meta-analysis found no significant difference in pain scores between buprenorphine and control analgesia at 24 hours [Cohen’s d = −0.29 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.85 to 0.27)] and 7 days [Cohen’s d = −0.89 (95% CI −2.66 to 0.88)]. Six studies (54.5%) found reduced opioid consumption in patients receiving buprenorphine. There was no difference in adverse effects in most studies.

Conclusions
This review did not find buprenorphine to be superior to alternative analgesia; however, the mixed results provide scientific rationale for future studies testing buprenorphine in older populations.
A Culture Shift for Excellence in Physical Therapy: Promoting Equity Through the Structural Determinants of Health
Authors: Bell Karla A , Adams Tiffany 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The purpose of this perspective is to discuss the imperative for curricular change that focuses on the utilization of structural competency to promote excellence in physical therapist professional education, transform society, and achieve health equity. Pedagogy centered around biomedical and social determinants of health (SDOH) models are limited in that they lack self-reflexivity, encode social identities like race and gender as risk factors for poor health, fail to examine structural causes of health inequity, conflate SDOH and the structural forces that shape their unequal distribution, and overlook instances of injustice. Promoting health equity will require structural competency, an approach that considers drivers of health beyond the individual and their conditions of daily living (ie, SDOH). Utilizing this approach in physical therapist professional education will help learners understand the evolving needs of society in a deeper, more holistic way: one that considers structural determinants of health as the primary drivers of health equity and inequity.

Impact
This paper provides a perspective on how physical therapist professional education can promote health equity for all by embracing an equity-focused, structurally competent pedagogy/approach.
Technologies for retrospective radiation dosimetry
Authors: Narayan Pradeep 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Radiation dosimetry is an important task for assessing the biological damages created in human being due to ionising radiation exposure. Ionising radiation being invisible and beyond the perception of human natural sensors, the dosimetry equipments/systems are the utmost requirement for its measurement. Retrospective measurement of radiation doses is a challenging task as conventional radiation dosemeters are not available at the exposure site. The material/s in close proximity of exposed individual or individuals’ biological samples may be used as retrospective radiation sensor for dosimetry purpose. Environment materials such as sand, bricks, ceramics, sand stones, quartz, feldspar, glasses and electronic chips have been utilised using TL (Thermoluminescence) techniques for retrospective gamma dose (min 10 cGy) measurement. Electron Spin Resonance techniques have been employed to human biological samples such as tooth enamel, bones, nails, hair, etc. and reported for dosimetry for ~20 cGy min dose measurement. Some commercial glasses have been found sensitive enough to measure the minimum gamma doses of the order of 100 cGy using TL techniques. For internal retrospective dosimetry, the radioactivity contamination assessment in food items, water, other edible product and ambient air are the prerequisites. The radioactivity concentration vis-à-vis their consumption rate may help in controlling the internal contamination and estimation of dose absorption in human body. Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur has been working extensively on the dosimetry techniques for external dose measurement using environmental material and developed portable contamination monitoring systems for food and water radioactivity measurement in the range of 50 Bq kg−1 to 1000 kBq kg−1 in 60 s measurement time. The recent research and development in the methodologies, equipments and systems undertaken towards capacity building and self-reliance in retrospective radiation dosimetry is reported in this paper.
A study of 222Rn/220Rn exhalation rate and indoor 222Rn/220Rn levels in higher Himalayan terrain
Authors: Sajwan Rohit Singh , Joshi Veena , Kumar Naresh , Ahamad Taufiq , Dutt Sanjay , Lavanya Bevinathalapura Shankarappa Kempalingappa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The noble radioactive gas radon and its isotope thoron dominate terrestrial radiation in the indoor environment. These gases eventually disintegrate generating radioactive ions that readily adhere to aerosol particles. This study was conducted in a tectonically active location with significant radon concentrations. The obtained average values of radon mass exhalation and thoron surface exhalation rate from this study are higher than the global average values of 56 mBq kg−1 h−1 and 1000 mBq m−2 s−1, respectively. As the exhalation rates are higher, naturally the average radon and thoron concentrations are also greater than the worldwide average values of 40 and 10 Bq m−3, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rate and indoor 222Rn/220Rn concentration. The exposure dose due to 222Rn, 220Rn and their progenies shows no significant health risk.
Study on seasonal variation of radon, thoron, and their progeny levels in indoor environments and their radiological effects on human health
Authors: Srinivasa Erathimmaiah , Suresh Shesha , Rangegowda Rangaswamy Devagondanahalli , Sannappa Jadiyappa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Indoor radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their progeny concentrations have been measured in different types of buildings at different locations in different dwellings in different seasons in Hassan city, Karnataka, using time-integrated passive radon dosemeters containing LR-115 Type II solid-state nuclear track detectors. The annual effective dose due to radon and thoron has been estimated. The activity concentrations were observed to be highest in winter and lowest in summer, and the data also shows that bathrooms and kitchens have significantly higher radon-thoron concentrations and annual effective doses.
Analysis of 115In(n,γ)116mIn reaction cross-section and covariance for 13.52 MeV and 14.54 MeV neutron induced energies
Authors: Aladahalli Madegowda Sunitha , Basavanna Rudraswamy , Nagaraja Kamsali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Neutron induced reactions play a vital role in the field of nuclear and particle physics. An effort was made to study the neutron-induced reaction cross-section of 115In(n,γ)116mIn with 197Au(n,γ)198Au as monitor reaction and carried out the reaction for the neutron energies of 13.520 ± 0.005 and 14.54 ± 0.24 MeV. The neutrons obtained from the D-T fusion reaction of Purnima neutron generator were used for the activation of the given reaction and the monitor. The covariance analysis and the partial uncertainties due to various attributes were utilised for estimating the uncertainty propagation and hence obtained the correlation for measured reaction cross-sections. The measured reaction cross-sections have been validated with earlier reported data from EXFOR, ENDF data of various libraries, and also theoretically calculated the values of the TALYS-1.9 code.
Incongruence in Perceptions of Pain: Associations with Mental Health in Couples Living with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Grafft Natalie , Lyons Karen S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Guided by the theory of dyadic illness management, this study examined the association between the within-couple incongruence regarding perceptions of pain experienced by adults with fibromyalgia (AwFM) and symptoms of depression and anxiety in AwFM and their partners. Participants included 204 couples. Three second-order dyadic variables were created from the couples’ perceptions of pain interference experienced by AwFM: (1) absolute magnitude of incongruence in perception of pain, (2) average perception of pain, and (3) direction of incongruence (i.e., who perceives pain to be higher). Structural equational modeling was used to examine the association between the three dyadic variables and AwFM and partner symptoms of depression and anxiety, adjusting for covariates. These steps were repeated for pain severity. Higher average perception of pain interference within the couple was associated with greater symptoms of depression and anxiety in AwFM and partners. AwFM exhibited greater symptoms of depression when their perception of their pain interference was higher than their partner’s. Incongruence variables were not significantly associated with AwFM or partners’ anxiety symptoms. Near identical results were found for pain severity. A dyadic approach to mental health treatment, which includes enhanced communication skills, should be adopted to optimize the mental health of couples living with fibromyalgia.
Postbiotic lactobacilli induce cutaneous antimicrobial response and restore the barrier to inhibit the intracellular invasion of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Dinić Miroslav , Burgess Jamie L. , Lukić Jovanka , Catanuto Paola , Radojević Dušan , Marjanović Jelena , Verpile Rebecca , Thaller Seth R. , Gonzalez Tammy , Golić Nataša , Strahinić Ivana , Tomic‐Canic Marjana , Pastar Irena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntracellular pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus contribute to the non‐healing phenotype of chronic wounds. Lactobacilli, well known as beneficial bacteria, are also reported to modulate the immune system, yet their role in cutaneous immunity remains largely unknown. We explored the therapeutic potential of bacteria‐free postbiotics, bioactive lysates of lactobacilli, to reduce intracellular S. aureus colonization and promote healing. Fourteen postbiotics derived from various lactobacilli species were screened, and Latilactobacillus curvatus BGMK2‐41 was selected for further analysis based on the most efficient ability to reduce intracellular infection by S. aureus diabetic foot ulcer clinical isolate and S. aureus USA300. Treatment of both infected keratinocytes in vitro and infected human skin ex vivo with BGMK2‐41 postbiotic cleared S. aureus. Keratinocytes treated in vitro with BGMK2‐41 upregulated expression of antimicrobial response genes, of which DEFB4, ANG, and RNASE7 were also found upregulated in treated ex vivo human skin together with CAMP exclusively upregulated ex vivo. Furthermore, BGMK2‐41 postbiotic treatment has a multifaceted impact on the wound healing process. Treatment of keratinocytes stimulated cell migration and the expression of tight junction proteins, while in ex vivo human skin BGMK2‐41 increased expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10, promoted re‐epithelialization, and restored the epidermal barrier via upregulation of tight junction proteins. Together, this provides a potential therapeutic approach for persistent intracellular S. aureus infections.
G protein‐coupled receptor‐mediated signaling of immunomodulation in tumor progression
Authors: Qiu Guang‐Hong , Yu Bin , Ma Mei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential contributors to tumor growth and metastasis due to their roles in immune cell regulation. Therefore, GPCRs are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the roles of GPCRs and their signaling pathways in tumor progression from an immunocellular perspective. Additionally, we focus on the roles of GPCRs in regulating immune checkpoint proteins involved in immune evasion. Finally, we review the progress of clinical trials of GPCR‐targeted drugs for cancer treatment, which may be combined with immunotherapy to improve treatment efficacy. This expanded understanding of the role of GPCRs may shed light on the mechanisms underlying tumor progression and provide a novel perspective on cancer immunotherapy.
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Educators’ Perceptions of Teaching Dissociative Disorders: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis
Authors: Snyder Briana L. , Curran Mary Sharon , Cooney Caroline 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although the prevalence of dissociative disorders (DDs) is up to 10 percent of the general population, psychiatric-mental health (PMH) registered nurses lack education on how to care for individuals diagnosed with these disorders.

METHOD
Sixty-two PMH nurse educators completed an anonymous online survey about their perceptions of teaching DDs to nursing students. Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework was used to conduct an inductive, reflexive thematic analysis of the data.

RESULTS
Three primary themes were identified: lack of resources, differing opinions on the value of teaching DDs, and stigma.

CONCLUSION
Though roughly 75 percent of participants reported that they teach DDs to their nursing students, they endorsed concerning misperceptions about the diagnoses. By failing to properly educate future PMH RNs about DDs, individuals with DDs are at risk of receiving inadequate and inappropriate nursing care and experiencing poor outcomes.
Screw Configuration Does Not Significantly Alter Neck Shortening After Valgus-Impacted Femoral Neck Fracture (OTA Type 31B1.1)
Authors: DeClouette Brittany , Resad Ferati Sehar , Kingery Matthew T. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To compare 3 different cancellous screw configurations used for Garden 1 femoral neck fractures (FNFs).

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
A large urban academic medical center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
All patients with Orthopaedic Trauma Association 31B1.1 FNF who underwent in situ fixation with cancellous screws between 2012 and 2021 were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 2 screws placed in a parallel fashion, 3 screws placed in an inverted triangle configuration, and 3-screw fixation with placement of 1 “out-of-plane” screw perpendicular to the long axis of the femur.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Postoperative femoral neck shortening (mm) was the primary outcome, which was compared among the 3 groups of different screw configurations.

RESULTS:
Sixty-one patients with a median follow-up of 1 year (interquartile range 0.6–1.8 years) and an average age of 72 years (interquartile range 65.0–83.0 years) were included. All fractures demonstrated bony healing. Overall, 68.9% of the cohort had ≤2 mm of femoral neck shortening. There was no difference between groups in the proportion of patients who experienced greater than 2 mm of shortening (P = 0.839) or in the amount (mm) of femoral neck shortening (Kruskal–Wallis χ2 = 0.517, P = 0.772).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although most patients with valgus-impacted FNF treated with screw fixation do not experience further femoral neck shortening, some patients demonstrated continued radiographic shortening during the healing process. The development of further femoral neck shortening and the amount of shortening that occurs do not differ based on implant configuration. Multiple different screw configurations seem to be acceptable for achieving healing and minimizing further femoral neck impaction.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.