bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Platform Shift/Switch and Concave Abutments on Crestal Bone Levels and Mucosal Profile following Flap and Flapless Implant Surgery
Authors: Gamborena Inãki , Lee Jaebum , Fiorini Tiago , Wenzel Brent A. , Schüpbach Peter , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Susin Cristiano 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundCrestal remodeling/bone loss appears to be a common sequel to dental implant placement. Several hypotheses/clinical strategies have been proposed to explain/avert crestal remodeling; however, causative mechanisms remain unclear and the efficacy of these clinical approaches uncertain.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to provide a histological account of crestal bone levels and mucosal profile at platform shift/switch and concave abutments following flapless and conventional flap surgery and subcrestal implant placement using a dog model.MethodsFour dental implants each were placed in the left/right mandibular posterior jaw quadrants in five adult male Hound/Labrador mongrel dogs using flap surgery with a 1 × 5 mm gap defect or using a flapless approach, both involving placement 2 mm subcrestally and platform shift/switch versus concave abutments. Block biopsies for histological/histometric analysis were collected at 8 weeks.ResultsNo significant differences were observed regarding crestal bone levels, with all groups showing mean bone levels above the implant platform. Similarly, crestal bone‐implant contact was not significantly different among groups. Moreover, peri‐implant mucosal profiles were not statistically different among groups for buccal sites; average mucosal height reached 4.1 to 4.9 mm above the implant platform. Comparison between buccal and lingual sites showed a nonsignificant tendency toward greater crestal resorption at buccal sites, adjusting for other factors. Mean crestal bone‐implant contact level approximated the implant platform for lingual sites while consistently remaining below the platform at the buccal sites. Peri‐implant mucosal height was significantly higher at buccal than at lingual sites, with the epithelial attachment located a significant distance away from the implant platform at buccal sites.ConclusionsThe surgical approaches (subcrestal implant placement by flap surgery or a flapless approach) and abutment designs (platform shift/switch or concave) used in this study seem to have a limited impact on crestal remodeling, associated bone loss, and mucosal profile. Bioclinical strategies should be developed to circumvent the limitations of current clinical protocol.
Soft and Hard Tissue Changes around Tissue‐Oriented Tulip‐Design Implant Abutments: A 1‐Year Randomized Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Gutmacher Zvi , Levi Guy , Blumenfeld Israel , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe advantages of platform switching using narrower abutments remain controversial. Many researchers suggest that platform switching can yield enhanced clinical results, while others remain skeptical. We hypothesize that the effectiveness of platform switching might be associated with the degree of reduction in size of the abutment.PurposeTo radiographically and clinically examine a new abutment design created to move the implant‐abutment interface farther medially.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial that included 27 patients (41 MIS Lance Plus® implants; MIS Implant Technologies, Karmiel, Israel). The patients' age ranged from 39 to 75 years. At the second stage of the surgery, the implants were randomly assigned to either the new platform switch Tulip abutment (TA) design or to the standard platform abutment (SA). Implant probing depth (IPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and after 12 months. Standardized periapical radiographs were taken (at baseline and at 12 months) and the marginal bone height measured.ResultsAll implants were successfully integrated. The mean IPD at 1 year post‐op was 2.91 mm for the SA group and 2.69 mm for the TA group (p > .05). Similarly, the BOP at 1 year was almost identical in both groups. The mean values of bone resorption at baseline were 0.98 ± 0.37 mm and 0.69 ± 0.20 for the TA and SA groups, respectively (p > .05). Bone loss (baseline to 12 months) was significantly greater in the SA group compared with the TA group.ConclusionsUse of the new TA, with its significantly downsized diameter, resulted in reduced bone loss at 1 year. Further research will be required to assess the long‐term effect of this abutment on peri‐implant health.
Adhesion Molecule CD146 and its Soluble Form Correlate Well with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Plaque Instability
Authors: Qian Yi‐Ning , Luo Yong‐Ting , Duan Hong‐Xia , Feng Li‐Qun , Bi Qi , Wang Yong‐Jun , Yan Xi‐Yun 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAimsIntraplaque neovascularization and foam cell infiltration contribute to the development of unstable plaque, leading to thromboembolism and stroke. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have been reported to be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability. The aim of this study was to assess the association of adhesion molecule CD146 with carotid plaque instability.MethodsWe collected forty atherosclerotic plaques from 40 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. The clinical information of each patient was obtained, and the plaque morphology and characteristics were examined by the ultrasound. The CD146 expressions of the plaques were graded by using semiquantitative scales. The serum level of soluble form of CD146 was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsCD146 expression was mainly on the intraplaque blood vessels and infiltrated macrophages. The CD146 expression was strongly correlated with the matrix metalloproteinase‐9(MMP‐9)expressions (P < 0.001) in the plaques. Soluble CD146 (sCD146) was also elevated in patients with atherosclerotic plaques. There was significant correlation between the increased CD146 expression and sCD146 level (P = 0.0057). sCD146 correlated well with serum MMP‐9 (P < 0.0044), IL‐6 (P = 0.0044) and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) (P = 0.005).ConclusionsAdhesion molecules CD146 and its soluble form strongly correlated with the development of inflammation of atherosclerosis and plaque instability. CD146 may be a promising biomarker for monitoring the development and instability of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with carotid diseases.
Standardized technique for single port laparoscopic ileostomy and colostomy
Authors: Shah A. , Moftah M. , Hadi Nahar Al‐Furaji H. , Cahill R. A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimSingle site laparoscopic techniques and technology exploit maximum usefulness from confined incisions. The formation of an ileostomy or colostomy seems very applicable for this modality as the stoma occupies the solitary incision obviating any additional wounds.MethodHere we detail the principles of our approach to defunctioning loop stoma formation using single port laparoscopic access in a stepwise and standardized fashion along with the salient specifics of five illustrative patients. No specialized instrumentation is required and the single access platform is established table‐side using the ‘glove port’ technique.ResultsThe approach has the intra‐operative advantage of excellent visualization of the correct intestinal segment for exteriorization along with direct visual control of its extraction to avoid twisting. Postoperatively, abdominal wall trauma has been minimal allowing convalescence and stoma care education with only one parietal incision.ConclusionSingle incision stoma siting proves a ready, robust and reliable technique for diversion ileostomy and colostomy with a minimum of operative trauma for the patient.
Re‐Evaluation of Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Population Dynamics not Supported by Empirical Data: Response to Doak & Cutler
Authors: van Manen Frank T. , Ebinger Michael R. , Haroldson Mark A. , Harris Richard B. , Higgs Megan D. , Cherry Steve , White Gary C. , Schwartz Charles C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDoak and Cutler critiqued methods used by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) to estimate grizzly bear population size and trend in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Here, we focus on the premise, implementation, and interpretation of simulations they used to support their arguments. They argued that population increases documented by IGBST based on females with cubs‐of‐the‐year were an artifact of increased search effort. However, we demonstrate their simulations were neither reflective of the true observation process nor did their results provide statistical support for their conclusion. They further argued that survival and reproductive senescence should be incorporated into population projections, but we demonstrate their choice of extreme mortality risk beyond age 20 and incompatible baseline fecundity led to erroneous conclusions. The conclusions of Doak and Cutler are unsubstantiated when placed within the context of a thorough understanding of the data, study system, and previous research findings and publications.
Predictors of reduced tacrolimus dose and trough level through 36 months post‐transplant among 578 adult primary kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Gaynor Jeffrey J. , Ciancio Gaetano , Guerra Giselle , Sageshima Junichiro , Roth David , Chen Linda , Kupin Warren , Mattiazzi Adela , Tueros Lissett , Flores Sandra , Hanson Lois , Vianna Rodrigo , Burke George W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundA multivariable linear regression model including baseline and immunosuppression‐related predictors of the post‐kidney transplant tacrolimus dose/day required for achieving a target tacrolimus trough level of 4–8 ng/mL (currently accepted reduced tacrolimus dosing strategy) would provide a practical guide to clinicians.MethodsUsing our prospectively followed cohort of 578 adult primary kidney transplant recipients assigned to receive reduced tacrolimus dosing as part of maintenance therapy, we determined the significant predictors of absolute tacrolimus dose (mg), tacrolimus trough level (ng/mL), and dose‐adjusted tacrolimus trough level (%/L) during the first 36 months post‐transplant.ResultsTwo demographic variables were associated with a significantly higher tacrolimus dose at each post‐transplant time analyzed: African American recipient (p < 0.000001) and younger recipient age (p ≤ 0.00009). Use of maintenance corticosteroids was also associated with a significantly higher tacrolimus dose but only during the first 12 months post‐transplant (p ≤ 0.002). None of the other baseline variables (or use of sirolimus) were predictive of tacrolimus dose, and none of these factors were associated with the tacrolimus trough level (thus, effective therapeutic drug monitoring was achieved). Results for dose‐adjusted tacrolimus trough level were inversely related to the tacrolimus dose findings.ConclusionsSignificantly higher tacrolimus dosing to achieve the target tacrolimus trough level (lower bioavailability) was required, but only among African Americans, younger recipients, and those receiving maintenance corticosteroids.
Parathyroid hormone and clinical outcome in kidney transplant patients with optimal transplant function
Authors: Bleskestad Inger H. , Bergrem Harald , Leivestad Torbjørn , Hartmann Anders , Gøransson Lasse G. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate whether serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, graft loss, or mortality in kidney transplant patients with optimal transplant function.MethodsFrom the Norwegian Renal Registry, we identified 522 patients who received a first kidney transplant from 2001 to 2008 with optimal transplant function defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, more than one yr after transplantation. Cox's proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between iPTH measured 10 wk after transplantation and the composite endpoint. The estimates were adjusted for age, gender, serum calcium, serum phosphate, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and time on dialysis prior to transplantation.ResultsMedian follow‐up time was 3.9 yr (interquartile range, IQR: 2.0–6.0 yr). Patients in the third iPTH quartile (9.3–14.4 pM) had the lowest risk for reaching the composite endpoint. Patients in the fourth iPTH quartile (>14.4 pM) had an increased risk compared to those in the third quartile (HR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.10–6.16, p = 0.03).ConclusionIn patients with optimal transplant function, iPTH levels are associated with a clinical outcome consisting of cardiovascular events, graft loss, and all‐cause mortality.
Lymph node fine needle aspiration cytology in systemic mastocytosis: cytological features with ancillary tests and literature review
Authors: Cozzolino I. , Picardi M. , Lucci R. , Petraroli A. , Spadaro G. , Marone G. , Vetrani A. , Zeppa P. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveSystemic mastocytosis (SM) may rarely involve the lymph nodes; the corresponding cytological features are variable and have rarely been described. The aim of this study was to define more clearly the corresponding cytological diagnostic criteria.MethodsUltrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the deep‐seated lymph nodes of two men, aged 72 and 75 years respectively, was performed with rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE). Additional passes were used to prepare alcohol‐fixed smears for immunocytochemistry (ICC) and cell suspensions for flow cytometry (FC).ResultsSmears showed medium‐sized, roundish or elongated, mast cells with round to oval nuclei, sometimes irregular in shape. Cytoplasm was abundant with coarse granules, magenta‐stained on Diff‐Quik® smears. Mature lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes and a variable number of eosinophils were present in the background. ICC showed mast cell positivity for CD117 in both cases; FC demonstrated CD2/CD25 co‐expression in one case. On the basis of the cytological and phenotypical features, the diagnosis of lymph node involvement in SM was made in both cases. Cytological ICC and FC data were evaluated using information reported in the literature.ConclusionsLymph node involvement in SM may be detected by FNA and ancillary techniques successfully applied to demonstrate the mast cell phenotype. FNA may also be used in a multidisciplinary algorithm for timely and effective SM staging.
Additive effects of social and non‐social attention during infancy relate to later autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bedford Rachael , Pickles Andrew , Gliga Teodora , Elsabbagh Mayada , Charman Tony , Johnson Mark H. ,   the BASIS Team
Published: February 2014

AbstractEmerging findings from studies with infants at familial high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), owing to an older sibling with a diagnosis, suggest that those who go on to develop ASD show early impairments in the processing of stimuli with both social and non‐social content. Although ASD is defined by social‐communication impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviours, the majority of cognitive theories of ASD posit a single underlying factor, which over development has secondary effects across domains. This is the first high‐risk study to statistically differentiate theoretical models of the development of ASD in high‐risk siblings using multiple risk factors. We examined the prediction of ASD outcome by attention to social and non‐social stimuli: gaze following and attentional disengagement assessed at 13 months in low‐risk controls and high‐risk ASD infants (who were subsequently diagnosed with ASD at 3 years). When included in the same regression model, these 13‐month measures independently predicted ASD outcome at 3 years of age. The data were best described by an additive model, suggesting that non‐social attention, disengagement, and social attention as evidenced by gaze following, have a cumulative impact on ASD risk. These data argue against cognitive theories of ASD which propose that a single underlying factor has cascading effects across early development leading to an ASD outcome, and support multiple impairment models of ASD that are more consistent with recent genetic and neurobiological evidence.
The Human and Educational Significance of Honesty as an Epistemic and Moral Virtue
Authors: Carr David 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhile honesty is clearly a virtue of some educational as well as moral significance, its virtue‐ethical status is far from clear. In this essay, following some discussion of latter‐day virtue ethics and virtue epistemology, David Carr argues that honesty exhibits key features of both moral and epistemic virtue, and, more precisely, that honesty as a virtue might best be understood as the epistemic component of Aristotelian practical wisdom. In the wake of arguments to be found in Plato's Laws, as well as in those of more modern philosophers such as Jean‐Jacques Rousseau and Iris Murdoch, Carr then traces the main roots of moral dishonesty to various forms of vain and self‐delusive ego attachment. In this light, he argues in the final section of the essay that literature and the arts may provide a powerful educational antidote to such attachment.
The Dialectical Relationship Between Place and Space in Education: How the Internet Is Changing Our Perceptions of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Glassman Michael , Burbidge Jonathan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this essay Michael Glassman and Jonathan Burbidge explore the idea of a dialectical relationship between the traditional place(s) of teaching/learning settings and the challenges to our perceptions created by the new spaces of the Internet. The authors examine this topic in the context of a three‐stage evolution of humans' relationship with new technologies: (1) fear of how new technologies will change our everyday actions, (2) recognition of emerging technologies as tools capable of offering new possibilities in our activities, and (3) integration of new technologies into productive everyday activities. The Internet is moving quickly through all three stages, but this process takes different forms with disparate populations. What makes recognition of the fast‐moving integration of Internet technology important in the field of education is that students and educators are often at different points in this process. It is critical that we are aware of the role technology is playing in the classroom, in particular the dynamic dialectical relationship between space and place.
The Difference Differentiation Makes: Extending Eisner's Account
Authors: Blanken‐Webb Jane 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this analysis Jane Blanken‐Webb extends Elliot Eisner's account of how learning in the arts contributes to the creation of mind. Drawing on the psychoanalytic theory of D. W. Winnicott, Blanken‐Webb argues that the acts of meaning making to which Eisner attends rely on a prior developmental achievement — namely, the establishment of self‐in‐relation‐to‐world. This prior development is important to recognize in order to appreciate all that is at stake and at play within acts of meaning making. To demonstrate this, Blanken‐Webb points to reverberations of an earlier process of psychological differentiation embedded within such acts that are crucial for aesthetic experience and that carry on a continual process of refinement of self‐in‐relation‐to‐world. While Eisner has a great deal to offer regarding the importance of providing students access to multiple forms of representation, this perspective adds that in doing so we are expanding on a foundation of self‐in‐relation‐to‐world, thus facilitating an educational unfolding that is much deeper than we typically recognize.
Predictors of vocational activity over the first year in inner‐city early intervention in psychosis services
Authors: Tapfumaneyi Andrew , Johnson Sonia , Joyce John , Major Barnaby , Lawrence Jo , Mann Farhana , Chisholm Brock , Rahaman Nikola , Wooley James , Fisher Helen L. ,   MiData Consortium
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimWork and educational activities are an important part of recovery for young people with psychosis, and improving vocational outcomes is a key target for early intervention services (EIS). This study evaluated predictors of vocational activity for first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients during the first year of EIS care. It was hypothesized that longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and minority ethnic status would predict poorer vocational outcomes, whereas a history of good vocational functioning would predict better vocational functioning during follow up.MethodsFEP patients aged 14–35 years, who presented to seven EIS in London, UK, between 2003 and 2010, were followed for 1 year. Sociodemographic, clinical and vocational information (qualifications obtained and paid employment) were collected using the MiData audit tool at entry to EIS and 1 year later.ResultsApproximately one‐third of patients (n = 345/1013) were studying or employed at some point during the first year of EIS care. Baseline vocational activity was the strongest predictor of vocational functioning during 1 year of follow up. Moreover, employment prior to entry into EIS strongly predicted change in vocational activity during 1 year of follow up. Individuals with DUP <6 months or of Asian or black African origin were more likely to be studying than their white British counterparts.ConclusionThis study confirms that a significant proportion of FEP patients are able to engage in meaningful vocational activities even within the first year of EIS care. However, services need to focus more resources on getting patients with poor educational or employment histories into training programmes to improve their vocational outcomes.
Monocyte/macrophage‐derived soluble CD163: a novel biomarker in multiple myeloma
Authors: Andersen Morten N. , Abildgaard Niels , Maniecki Maciej B. , Møller Holger J. , Andersen Niels F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesMacrophages play an important role in cancer by suppression of adaptive immunity and promotion of angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumor‐associated macrophages strongly express the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163, which can also be found as a soluble protein in serum and other body fluids (soluble CD163, sCD163). In this study, we examined serum sCD163 as a biomarker in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.MethodsPeripheral blood (n = 104) and bone marrow (n = 17) levels of sCD163 were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAt diagnosis, high sCD163 was associated with higher stage according to the International Staging System (ISS) and with other known prognostic factors in multiple myeloma (creatinine, C‐reactive protein, and beta‐2 microglobulin). Soluble CD163 decreased upon high‐dose treatment, and in a multivariate survival analysis including the covariates treatment modality and age at diagnosis, higher levels of sCD163 were associated with poor outcome (HR = 1.82; P = 0.010). The prognostic significance of sCD163 was lost when including ISS stage in the model (HR = 1.51; P = 0.085). Soluble CD163 values were significantly higher in bone marrow samples than in the matched blood samples, which indicate a localized production of sCD163 within the bone marrow microenvironment.ConclusionsSoluble CD163 was found to be a prognostic marker in patients with multiple myeloma. This may indicate that macrophages and/or monocytes have an important role in the bone marrow microenvironment of myeloma patients, supporting myeloma cell proliferation and survival. We propose the serum sCD163 value 1.8 mg/L as a cutoff concentration for survival analysis in patients with multiple myeloma, which should be validated in future studies.