bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficiency Hierarchy Evaluation Based on Data Envelopment Analysis and its Application in a Petrochemical Process
Authors: Han Yongming , Geng Zhiqiang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA novel energy evaluation framework of petrochemical industrial processes based on a data envelopment analysis (DEA)‐integrated analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model is proposed. An improved AHP method is brought up based on the differences of data themselves to build fusion matrices among energy consumption data. Then the fractional DEA model is solved by the linear programming method. The integrating evaluation method can overcome the usual shortcomings of the DEA model and is also able to reflect the effectiveness of decision‐making units among different levels. A small number of such units are analyzed using the DEA model, and a multilevel integration of DEA efficiency values is disposed by the improved AHP method. The approach is firstly applied to the energy efficiency analysis of the ethylene production process in petrochemistry to improve energy consumption and efficiency.
From Ergolines to Indoles: Improved Inhibitors of the Human H3 Receptor for the Treatment of Narcolepsy
Authors: Auberson Yves P. , Troxler Thomas , Zhang Xuechun , Yang Charles R. , Feuerbach Dominik , Liu Yu‐Chih , Lagu Bharat , Perrone Mark , Lei Lijun , Shen Xiaoxia , Zhang Dushan , Wang Chunxiu , Wang Tie‐Lin , Briner Karin , Bock Mark G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractErgolines were recently identified as a novel class of H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonists. Although their optimization led to drug candidates with encouraging properties for the treatment of narcolepsy, brain penetration remained low. To overcome this issue, ergoline 1 ((6aR,9R,10aR)‐4‐(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)‐N‐phenyl‐9‐(pyrrolidine‐1‐carbonyl)‐6,6a,8,9,10,10a‐hexahydroindolo[4,3‐fg]quinoline‐7(4H)‐carboxamide)) was transformed into a series of indole derivatives with high H3R affinity. These new molecules were profiled by simultaneous determination of their brain receptor occupancy (RO) levels and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects in mice. These efforts culminated in the discovery of 15 m ((R)‐1‐isopropyl‐5‐(1‐(2‐(2‐methylpyrrolidin‐1‐yl)ethyl)‐1H‐indol‐4‐yl)pyridin‐2(1H)‐one), which has an ideal profile showing a strong correlation of PD effects with RO, and no measurable safety liabilities. Its desirably short duration of action was confirmed by electroencephalography (EEG) measurements in rats.
More a finger than a nose: The trigeminal motor and sensory innervation of the Schnauzenorgan in the elephant‐nose Fish Gnathonemus petersii
Authors: Amey‐Özel Monique , von der Emde Gerhard , Engelmann Jacob , Grant Kirsty 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii uses its electric sense to actively probe the environment. Its highly mobile chin appendage, the Schnauzenorgan, is rich in electroreceptors. Physical measurements have demonstrated the importance of the position of the Schnauzenorgan in funneling the fish's self‐generated electric field. The present study focuses on the trigeminal motor pathway that controls Schnauzenorgan movement and on its trigeminal sensory innervation and central representation. The nerves entering the Schnauzenorgan are very large and contain both motor and sensory trigeminal components as well as an electrosensory pathway. With the use of neurotracer techniques, labeled Schnauzenorgan motoneurons were found throughout the ventral main body of the trigeminal motor nucleus but not among the population of larger motoneurons in its rostrodorsal region. The Schnauzenorgan receives no motor or sensory innervation from the facial nerve. There are many anastomoses between the peripheral electrosensory and trigeminal nerves, but these senses remain separate in the sensory ganglia and in their first central relays. Schnauzenorgan trigeminal primary afferent projections extend throughout the descending trigeminal sensory nuclei, and a few fibers enter the facial lobe. Although no labeled neurons could be identified in the brain as the trigeminal mesencephalic root, some Schnauzenorgan trigeminal afferents terminated in the trigeminal motor nucleus, suggesting a monosynaptic, possibly proprioceptive, pathway. In this first step toward understanding multimodal central representation of the Schnauzenorgan, no direct interconnections were found between the trigeminal sensory and electromotor command system, or the electrosensory and trigeminal motor command. The pathways linking perception to action remain to be studied. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:769–789, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid and cost‐efficient enumeration of rare cancer cells from whole blood by low‐loss centrifugo‐magnetophoretic purification under stopped‐flow conditions
Authors: Kirby Daniel , Glynn Macdara , Kijanka Gregor , Ducrée Jens 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present a substantially improved design and functionality of a centrifugo‐magnetophoretic platform which integrates direct immunoseparation and cost‐efficient, bright‐field detection of cancer cells in whole blood. All liquid handling takes place in a disposable cartridge with geometry akin to a conventional compact disc (CD). The instrumentation required to process such a “lab‐on‐a‐disc” cartridge can be as simple and cost‐efficient as the rotor on a common optical disc drive. In a first step, target cells in a blood sample are specifically bound to paramagnetic microbeads. The sample is then placed into the disc cartridge and spun. In the second step, magnetically tagged target cells are separated by a co‐rotating, essentially lateral magnetic field from the background population of abundant blood cells, and also from unbound magnetic beads. A stream of target cells centrifugally sediments through a stagnant liquid phase into a designated detection chamber. The continuous, multiforce immunoseparation proceeds very gently, i.e. the mechanical and hydrodynamic stress to the target cells is minimized to mitigate the risk of cell loss by collective entrapment in the background cells or vigorous snapping against a wall. We successfully demonstrate the extraction of MCF7 cancer cells at concentrations as low as 1 target cell per μl from a background of whole blood, with capture efficiencies of up to 88%. Its short time‐to‐answer is a notable characteristic of this system, with 10% of target cells collected in the first minute after their loading to the system and the remainder captured within the following 10 min. All the above‐mentioned factors synergetically combine to leverage the development of a prospective point‐of‐care device for CTC detection. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Copper Complex of a Noninnocent Iminophenol‐Amidopyridine Hybrid Ligand: Synthesis, Characterization, and Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Alaji Zahra , Safaei Elham , Chiang Linus , Clarke Ryan M. , Mu Changhua , Storr Tim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReaction of the noninnocent iminophenol‐iminopyridine hybrid ligand HLIPIP, where LIPIP denotes [2‐((E)‐{(E)‐2‐[(E)‐pyridin‐2‐ylmethyleneamino]benzylidene}amino)‐4,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenolate], with copper acetate afforded a copper complex, LAPIPCuII, in which one of the imine functional groups is oxidized to an amide during metal complexation. The new CuII complex is capable of catalyzing efficient aerobic alcohol oxidation under mild conditions. The crystal structure of LAPIPCuII exhibits a square‐planar geometry with the CuII center coordinated by three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Electrochemical studies were conducted to evaluate the redox‐active behavior of the complex, and the results showed a quasireversible reduction and a ligand‐based oxidation process. The neutral species of LAPIPCuII is EPR active, which is consistent with a paramagnetic electronic ground state (d9, S = 1/2), whereas the one‐electron oxidized complex was X‐band EPR silent. One‐electron chemical oxidation of LAPIPCuII gave a new species that can be attributed to a CuII‐phenoxyl radical complex. Based on EPR measurements in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, [LAPIPCuII]+ is proposed to have a triplet electronic ground state, exhibiting a weak ferromagnetic interaction between the CuII center and the coordinated phenoxyl radical.
Controlled Linker Dependence of Solution‐ and Solid‐State Emission of Vaulted trans‐Bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) Complexes with Amino Functionalities
Authors: Komiya Naruyoshi , Okada Minoru , Hoshino Makoto , Le Ngoc Ha‐Thu , Naota Takeshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, structures, and emission properties of vaulted trans‐bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) complexes 1 with diethylamino functionalities are described and compared with the non‐substituted analogues. The amino substitution provides an improvement of the linker dependence both for the color change of the trans‐bis(salicylaldiminato)platinum(II) platform in the glass state and for the acid‐induced emission enhancement in the solution state. The linker dependence of the crystalline‐state emission intensity changes with the amino functionality, which leads to intense emission of the vaulted crystals with low structural dependence. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and DFT calculations revealed that the unique photophysical properties arising from the amino functionality are attributable to enhanced planarity and self‐constraint of the coordination platform, which is due to their strong contribution to d–π conjugation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Synthesis of (E)‐1,4‐Enediones from α‐Halo Ketones Through a Sodium Sulfinate Mediated Reaction
Authors: Li Su‐Yi , Wang Xiao‐Bing , Jiang Neng , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe developed a mild and practical protocol for the synthesis of 1,4‐enedione from α‐halo ketones through a sodium sulfinate mediated reaction. This reaction enables the construction of symmetric and unsymmetric 1,4‐enedione with complete E selectivity. Sodium 4‐toluenesulfinate plays an important role in this reaction.
Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of Aryl Heteroaryl Ketones
Authors: Ortiz Pablo , del Hoyo Ana M. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTertiary diarylmethanols are highly bioactive structural motifs. A new strategy to access chiral tertiary diarylmethanols through copper‐catalyzed direct alkylation of (di)(hetero)aryl ketones by using Grignard reagents was developed. The low reactivity and the similarity of the enantiotopic faces of bis‐aromatic ketones were partially overcome, which resulted in moderate to good yields and enantioselectivities.
Heterogeneously‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methane using RuNi Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Lange Felix , Armbruster Udo , Martin Andreas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOne facet of the future energy supply can be covered by the use of synthetic natural gas (SNG) obtained from carbon dioxide and hydrogen using excess solar or wind energy to power water electrolysis. In this article, zirconia supported RuNi bimetallic catalysts were evaluated for this reaction at 300–400 °C, 10 bar, and space velocities up to 36 000 h−1. In general, the reaction is close to the equilibrium; CO2 conversion is complete, and SNG selectivity is close to 100 %. The studies have shown that Ru can be partially substituted by Ni to achieve similar product performance. Bimetallic catalysts with low loadings show the formation of alloys but higher loadings lead to segregation and agglomeration of Ni particles. The SNG productivity (at 36 000 h−1) reached on the best catalysts approximately 70 kg kgRu−1 h−1 and 40 kg kgNi−1 h−1, respectively. Thus, a SNG space‐time‐yield of approximately 50–100 kg kgmetal−1 h−1 (70–140 N m3 h−1) can be obtained to this point.
Fourfold Alkoxy‐Substituted [2.2.2]Paracyclophane‐1,9,17‐trienes–ROMP into PPVs with Unusual Topologies
Authors: Mäker Dominic , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of two 4,7,12,15‐tetrakisalkoxy‐substituted [2.2.2]‐paracyclophane‐1,9,17‐trienes and their polymerization employing ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using Ru‐carbenes (third‐generation Grubbs catalyst) is reported. Phenylene ethynylene trimers are reduced via a Grignard reagent, followed by an intramolecular McMurry cyclization to give the cyclophenes. The cyclophenes are polymerized into soluble poly(para‐phenylene vinylene)s (PPV), which are analyzed in solution by NMR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. They are spin coated into amorphous, fluorescent thin films, and investigated by optical spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in infants
Authors: Gassas Adam , Ashraf Kaleem , Zaidman Irina , Ali Muhammad , Krueger Joerg , Doyle John , Schechter Tal , Leucht Stephan 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundIt is rare for infants, who are less than 365 days old, to receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Our objective was to review the indications, survival, and late effects of infants who received HSCT.ProcedureBetween April 1992 and March 2010, a total of 1,363 children underwent HSCT (775 allogeneic [allo]; 588 autologous [auto]) in the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Of these, 51 (3.7%) were infants.ResultsSeventeen infants received allo HSCT for a genetic metabolic disorder. The median age at HSCT was 211 days (29–334 days). After median follow‐up of 8.9 years (2.9–20.2 years), 12 patients remained alive, representing an overall survival rate of 70%. Infants with non‐metabolic disorders (n = 34); 10 (three neuroblastoma [NBL], three brain tumor, two acute meylogenous leukemia [AML], one rhabdomyosarcoma, and one retinoblastoma) received auto HSCT, and 24 (eight hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis [HLH], four juvenile meylomonocytic leukemia [JMML], four Wiscott–Aldrych Syndrome [WAS], three acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL], two AML, one severe aplastic anemia [SAA], one chronic granulomatous disease [CGD], and one amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia) received allo HSCT. Their median age at HSCT was 255 days (142–365 days). At median follow‐up of 8.7 years (2.5–17.6 years), 26 infants remained alive, representing an overall survival rate of 76%. In the auto HSCT category, eight of 10 infants are long‐term survivors. Late effects such as organ dysfunction, endocrinopathy, and secondary tumors were within accepted range.ConclusionThe survival rate of infants who receive HSCT is encouraging. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:517–521. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrostatic analysis of bacterial expansins
Authors: Pastor Nina , Dávila Sonia , Pérez‐Rueda Ernesto , Segovia Lorenzo , Martínez‐Anaya Claudia 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTExpansins are a family of proteins with plant cell wall remodeling‐activity, which bind cell wall components through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. A shallow area on the surface of the protein serves as the polysaccharide binding site (PBS) and it is composed of conserved residues. However, electric charge differences on the opposite face of the PBS produce basic, neutral, or acidic proteins. An analysis of forty‐four bacterial expansins, homologues of BsEXLX1, revealed two main groups defined by: (a) the presence or absence of disulfide bonds; and (b) by the proteins isoelectric point (pI). We determined the location of the residues responsible for the pI on the structure of representative expansins. Our results suggest that the electric charge at the opposite site of the PBS may help in substrate differentiation among expansins from different species; in addition, electrostatic polarization between the front and the back of the molecule could affect expansin activity on cellulose. Proteins 2015; 83:215–223. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive tracking control for uncertain switched systems under asynchronous switching
Authors: Wu Caiyun , Zhao Jun , Sun Xi‐Ming 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper addresses the state‐tracking model reference adaptive control problem for a class of switched systems with parametric uncertainties, where switchings between subsystems and designed adaptive controller are asynchronous. First, we establish a stability criterion for a switched reference model and convert the state‐tracking problem into the stability problem of an error switched system. Then, an adaptive law is designed, and the global practical stability of the error switched system is guaranteed under a class of switching signals characterized by a dwell‐time condition. An electrohydraulic system is given as an example to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the climate change vulnerability index to inform adaptation planning: Lessons, innovations, and next steps
Authors: Young Bruce E. , Dubois Natalie S. , Rowland Erika L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTNew tools and approaches are becoming available for wildlife conservation managers to help support climate adaptation activities, but few studies have documented how practitioners have applied these tools and perceive their utility. We surveyed the literature and users of the NatureServe Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI), a tool that is widely used in North America to assess species' vulnerability to climate change, to characterize 1) how the tool has been used; 2) the objectives addressed by projects using the tool; 3) novel approaches that might be useful to other users; 4) how the results contributed to climate change adaptation planning; and 5) needed improvements recognized by users of the tool. Responses from 25 CCVI users, representing state agencies and natural heritage programs, conservation organizations, and universities, combined with published reports from 20 CCVI assessments, indicated that the CCVI has been applied to large numbers of species from diverse taxonomic groups. Results from these assessments have been used to communicate about climate change vulnerability, select species to be prioritized for management, inform management decisions, identify monitoring needs, and inform land‐acquisition decisions. Users of the CCVI have developed novel ways to address uncertainty in climate and species natural‐history data, involve stakeholders, evaluate migratory species, address specific management questions, and combine outputs with the results of parallel spatial analyses. To address user needs, future iterations of the tool should address climate exposure in the full life cycle of migratory species; better examine species dependent on specific vegetation microhabitats; and improve treatment of the effects of climate on diseases, parasites, and natural enemies. © 2015 The Authors. The Wildlife Society Bulletin published by The Wildlife Society.
Nocturnal movements and habitat selection of mesopredators encountering bobwhite nests
Authors: Cooper Susan M. , Jhala Shesh , Rollins Dale , Feagin Rusty A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTNorthern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) represent a valuable resource for upland game‐bird hunters and the rural economies they support; however, bobwhite populations are declining across the United States. As ground‐nesting birds, bobwhites are highly susceptible to mammalian predation during the breeding season. We placed global positioning collars on 6 coyotes (Canis latrans), 4 bobcats (Lynx rufus), and 11 raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Texas, USA, during the nesting season of bobwhites (April–August of 2009–2011) to assess their habitat selection and use, as well as determine the relative frequency with which they may encounter bobwhite nests. Overall, nightly encounter rate of predators with known bobwhite nest sites was low. Coyotes encountered nest sites 3 times more frequently than male raccoons and 7 times more frequently than bobcats. Female raccoons did not come within 50 m of any nest locations. The higher encounter rate of coyotes with bobwhite nest sites was associated with the similarity of habitat preference of coyotes and bobwhites for grasslands and grass–shrub habitats and the wide‐ranging nocturnal paths of coyotes. Bobcats and raccoons had shorter nightly paths and mainly used habitats providing a greater degree of cover than is typically suitable for nesting bobwhites. Male raccoons were more mobile than females and made greater use of the grass–shrub habitat, and thus were more likely to encounter quail nests. Despite having lower individual encounter rates with bobwhite nest sites than did coyotes, male raccoons remain important predators of quail nests because they have the behavioral ability to attain greater population densities than those of the more territorial coyotes and bobcats. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
FRENCH AND BRITISH POST-WAR IMPERIAL AGENDAS AND FORGING AN ARMENIAN HOMELAND AFTER THE GENOCIDE: THE FORMATION OF THE LÉGION D'ORIENT IN OCTOBER 1916
Authors: VARNAVA ANDREKOS 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn October 1916, the French government agreed with Armenian political elites to establish a Légion of Armenian volunteers in British Cyprus to fight the common Ottoman enemy. Despite British, French, and even Armenian rejections of such a Légion during different times throughout 1915 and early 1916, all sides overcame earlier concerns. Understanding how they managed to overcome these concerns will allow for this little-known episode in the history of the Great War in the eastern Mediterranean to contribute to the knowledge on (1) the complex French and British wartime stances towards this region, driven by imperialism and humanitarianism; (2) the ability of local elites to draw concessions from the Allies; (3) the important role played by local British and French colonial and military officers; and (4) broader historiographical debates on the responses to the Armenian Genocide. This article explores the origins of how theEntenteco-opted Armenians in their eastern Mediterranean campaigns, but also made them into pawns in the French and British reinvention of their imperial rivalry in this region in order to achieve their post-war imperialist agendas.