bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a damped Ly α absorber in the circumnuclear zone of the FeLoBAL quasar SDSS J083942.11+380526.3
Authors: Wu Shengmiao , Shi Xiheng , Kalita Nibedita , Pan Xiang , Tian Qiguo , Ji Tuo , Zhang Shaohua , Dai Xuejie , Jiang Peng , Yang Chenwei , Zhou Hongyan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
SDSS J083942.11+380526.3 ($z=2.315$) is an iron low-ionization broad absorption lines quasar that exhibits visible Balmer absorption lines (H $\alpha$), implying a significant $n=2$ population. The quasar also shows an array of absorption lines, including O i, Ni ii, Fe ii, Mg ii, Al iii to C iv, and N v. The high-ionization absorption lines such as C iv and Si iv are revealed by slightly blueshifted broad absorption lines troughs. The resonance doublets such as Mg ii and Al iii are saturated but did not reached zero intensity which indicates that the broad-line region (BLR) is partially covered. Overall, however, the absorption is predominantly from low-ionization Fe ii lines, emitted from ground and excited states up to at least 3.814 eV. This implies that the absorbing gas spans the hydrogen ionization front and extends into the partially ionized zone where neutral hydrogen is certainly present. Notably, the hydrogen line spectrum of the quasar shows no signature of expected Ly $\alpha$ absorption. Instead, the line spectrum shows an unusual Ly $\alpha$ emission characterized by a fully filled emission line spectrum which is a composite of a strong narrow core superposed on a weak broad base. Taking into account the effect of partial covering to BLR, we have extracted a strong Damped Ly α systems (DLA) trough in Ly $\alpha$ emission region. To fit the spectrum, we performed photoionized model calculations and compared them to the observations. We found that photoionization modelling using cloudy can successfully reproduce the main characteristics of the quasar spectrum, and the predicted neutral hydrogen column density arising from the clouds responsible for the low-ionization absorption provides a good match to the extracted DLA trough. This indicates that both the DLA and the low-ionization absorption arise from the same medium that is roughly collocated with the dusty torus.
A fourth-order accurate finite volume scheme for resistive relativistic MHD
Authors: Mignone A , Berta V , Rossazza M , Bugli M , Mattia G , Del Zanna L , Pareschi L 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a finite-volume, genuinely fourth-order accurate numerical method for solving the equations of resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics in Cartesian coordinates. In our formulation, the magnetic field is evolved in time in terms of face-average values via the constrained-transport method, while the remaining variables (density, momentum, energy, and electric fields) are advanced as cell volume averages. Spatial accuracy employs fifth-order accurate WENO-Z reconstruction from point values (as described in a companion paper) to obtain left and right states at zone interfaces. Explicit flux evaluation is carried out by solving a Riemann problem at cell interfaces, using the Maxwell–Harten–Lax–van Leer with contact wave resolution. Time-stepping is based on the implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta (RK) methods, of which we consider both the third-order strong stability preserving SSP3(4,3,3) and a recent fourth-order additive RK scheme, to cope with the stiffness introduced by the source term in Ampere’s law. Numerical benchmarks are presented in order to assess the accuracy and robustness of our implementation.
The Catalan initiative for the Earth BioGenome Project: contributing local data to global biodiversity genomics
Authors: Corominas Montserrat , Marquès-Bonet Tomàs , Arnedo Miquel A , Bayés Mònica , Belmonte Jordina , Escrivà Hector , Fernández Rosa , Gabaldón Toni , Garnatje Teresa , Germain Josep , Niell Manel , Palero Ferran , Pons Joan , Puigdomènech Pere ,   The Catalan initiative for the Earth BioGenome Project, Aguilera Laura , Cámara Francisco , Gómez-Garrido Jèssica , Cruz Fernando , Sánchez-Escudero Ignacio , Altaba Cristian R , Alves Rui , Arboleda Enrique , Capa Maria , Triginer Laura , Arbona Vicent , Avila Conxita , Baldo Laura , Enguidanos Alba , Prófumo Andrea , Wangesteen Owen S , Barceló-Serra Margarida , Botigué Laura , Monfort Amparo , Burriel-Carranza Bernat , Carranza Salvador , del Campo Javier , Mochales-Riaño Gabriel , Palmada-Flores Marc , Candela Héctor , Cañestro Cristian , Carreras Carlos , Domènech Marc , Galià-Camps Carles , Guirao-Rico Sara , Lozano-Fernández Jesús , Pascual Marta , Pegueroles Cinta , Sánchez-Gracia Alejandro , Carretero Miguel A , Grau Oriol , Garrido Romina , Grau-Bové Xavier , Hermoso Toni , Kim Iana , Jurado-Rivera José A , Lalueza-Fox Carles , Ledoux Jean-Baptiste , Logares Ramiro , Massana Ramon , Piferrer Francesc , Mauri Juli , Mesquita-Joanes Francesc , Monrós Juan S , Pellicer Jaume , Peñuelas Josep , Roquet Cristina , Ruiz-Herrera Aurora , Torruella Guifré , Turón Xavier , Ventura Marc , Arroyo Vanesa , Cuevas-Caballé Cristian , Obiol Joan Ferrer , Gut Ivo , Gut Marta , Hidalgo Oriane , Izquierdo-Arànega Guillem , Pérez-Sorribes Laia , Righi Emilio , Riutort Marta , Vallès Joan , Rozas Julio , Alioto Tyler , Guigó Roderic 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Catalan Initiative for the Earth BioGenome Project (CBP) is an EBP-affiliated project network aimed at sequencing the genome of the &gt;40 000 eukaryotic species estimated to live in the Catalan-speaking territories (Catalan Linguistic Area, CLA). These territories represent a biodiversity hotspot. While covering less than 1% of Europe, they are home to about one fourth of all known European eukaryotic species. These include a high proportion of endemisms, many of which are threatened. This trend is likely to get worse as the effects of global change are expected to be particularly severe across the Mediterranean Basin, particularly in freshwater ecosystems and mountain areas. Following the EBP model, the CBP is a networked organization that has been able to engage many scientific and non-scientific partners. In the pilot phase, the genomes of 52 species are being sequenced. As a case study in biodiversity conservation, we highlight the genome of the Balearic shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus, sequenced under the CBP umbrella.
E-Cigarette Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Sex Are Associated With Nasal Microbiome Dysbiosis
Authors: Hickman Elise , Roca Cristian , Zorn Bryan T , Rebuli Meghan E , Robinette Carole , Wolfgang Matthew C , Jaspers Ilona 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Previous research suggests that e-cigarettes can alter immune function, including in the nasal mucosa, in unique ways. The respiratory microbiome plays a key role in respiratory host defense, but the effects of e-cigarettes on the respiratory or nasal microbiome, are not well understood.

Aims and Methods
Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on nasal samples from adult e-cigarette users, smokers, and nonsmokers, we determined that e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking are associated with differential respiratory microbiome dysbiosis and substantial sex-dependent differences in the nasal microbiome, particularly in e-cigarette users.

Results
Staphylococcus aureus, a common respiratory pathogen, was more abundant in both e-cigarette users and smokers in comparison with nonsmokers, while Lactobacillus iners, often considered a protective species, was more abundant in smokers but less abundant in e-cigarette users in comparison with nonsmokers. In addition, we identified significant dysbiosis of the nasal microbiome between e-cigarette users and smokers with high versus low serum cotinine levels, an indicator of tobacco product use and toxicant exposure. We also analyzed nasal lavage fluid for immune mediators associated with host × microbiota interactions.

Conclusions
Our analysis identified disruption of immune mediators in the nose of e-cigarette users and smokers, which is indicative of disrupted respiratory mucosal immune responses. Taken together, our data identified unique, sex-dependent host immune dysfunction associated with e-cigarette use in the nasal mucosa. More broadly, our data highlight the need for continued inclusion and careful consideration of sex as an important variable in the context of toxicant exposures.

Implications
This is the first study investigating the effects of e-cigarette use and sex on the nasal microbiome, which is considered an important gatekeeper for protecting the lower respiratory tract from pathogens. We found significant sex, exposure group, and serum cotinine level-associated differences in the composition of the nasal microbiome, demonstrating the importance of considering sex in future nasal microbiome studies and warranting further investigation of the mechanisms by which e-cigarette use dysregulates nasal immune homeostasis.
Cytomegaloviral Infections in Recipients of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: An Observational Study With Focus on Oncologic Outcomes
Authors: Khawaja Fareed , Ahmed Sairah , Iyer Swaminathan P , Sassine Joseph , Handley Guy , Prakash Rishab , VanWierren Tracy , Jackson Jennifer , Zubovskaia Anna , Ramdial Jeremy , Rondon Gabriela , Patel Krina K , Spallone Amy , Ariza-Heredia Ella J , Mulanovich Victor , Angelidakis Georgios , Jiang Ying , Chemaly Roy F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with B-cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who receive chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy may experience clinically significant cytomegalovirus infection (CS-CMVi). However, risk factors for CS-CMVi are not well defined. The aims of our study were to identify risk factors for CS-CMVi and the association between CS-CMVi and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) in lymphoma and ALL patients after CAR-T therapy.

Methods
We performed a retrospective single-center cohort analysis of CAR-T recipients between January 2018 and February 2021 for treatment of lymphoma and ALL. We collected data on demographics, oncologic history, CAR-T therapy–related complications, and infectious complications within 1 year of therapy.

Results
Of 230 patients identified, 22 (10%) had CS-CMVi. At 1 year following CAR-T therapy, 75 patients (33%) developed relapsed disease and 95 (41%) died; NRM at 1 year was 37%. On Cox regression analysis, Asian or Middle Eastern race (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 13.71 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 5.41–34.74]), treatment of cytokine release syndrome/immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome with steroids (aHR, 6.25 [95% CI, 1.82–21.47]), lactate dehydrogenase at time of CAR-T therapy (aHR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.02–1.16]), and CMV surveillance (aHR, 6.91 [95% CI, 2.77–17.25]) were independently associated with CS-CMVi. CS-CMVi was independently associated with NRM at 1 year after CAR-T therapy (odds ratio, 2.49 [95% CI, 1.29–4.82]).

Conclusions
Further studies of immunologic correlatives and clinical trials to determine the efficacy of prophylactic strategies are needed to understand the role of CS-CMVi and post–CAR-T mortality.
Patient-reported convenience and effectiveness of telehealth for breast cancer management
Authors: Raghavendra Akshara Singareeka , Jennings Kristofer , Guerra Gil , Tripathy Debu , Karuturi Meghan S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, telehealth was rarely used for breast cancer management at tertiary care centers. We sought to examine patient satisfaction, experiences, preferences, and perceived effectiveness and technical quality of telehealth visits in follow-up patients receiving routine outpatient care in the breast medical oncology practice at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Methods
We administered a survey to 60 follow-up patients for a duration of 9 months (January 5, 2021 to October 27, 2021) who had at least one telehealth consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic, from April 10, 2020 to October 21, 2021. Descriptive statistics were then generated for each question, each domain, and overall survey scores. Subgroup comparisons within patient populations were done using the chi-square or t-test when appropriate.

Results
Among the 60 participants, 49 (82%) were undergoing standard follow-up during active treatment for either early-stage or metastatic breast cancer. Telehealth and in-person office visits were considered equivalent in terms of quality of communication by 43 participants (72%). Most participants (n = 49, 82%) felt equally cared for during telehealth and in-person visits, and 40 participants (67%) reported feeling connected to their healthcare professional during both telehealth and in-person visits. In addition, 28 participants (47%) felt that the duration of telehealth visits was similar to in-person visits, 46 (77%) found both telehealth and in-person visits equally comfortable for discussing sensitive topics, 39 (65%) considered telehealth visits convenient, and 42 (70%) perceived the overall quality of care for telehealth to be similar to that of in-person visits. Participants expressed high satisfaction with telehealth appointments, with 42 (70%) rating their experience as very satisfying. Most participants (n = 44, 73%) expressed a strong likelihood of participating in telehealth appointments for breast cancer follow-up care in the future.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that telehealth can serve as an effective and satisfactory approach for delivering healthcare services to patients with breast cancer requiring follow-up care. The positive experiences and willingness to continue using telehealth indicate its potential for improving access to care and patient outcomes.
Association of circulating tumor DNA with patient prognosis in surgically resected renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Correa Andres F , Kalashnikova Ekaterina , Wu Hsin-Ta , Winters Ryan M , Balcioglu Mustafa , Sudhaman Sumedha , Connolly Denise C , Gong Yulan , Uzzo Robert G , Sethi Himanshu , ElNaggar Adam C , Aleshin Alexey , Liu Minetta C , Abbosh Philip H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite complete resection, 20%-50% of patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) experience recurrence within 5 years. Accurate assessment of prognosis in high-risk patients would aid in improving outcomes. Here we evaluate the use of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in RCC using banked samples and clinical data from a single institution.

Methods
The cohort consisted of 45 RCC patients (≥pT1b) who underwent complete resection. The presence of ctDNA in plasma was determined using a personalized, tumor-informed ctDNA assay (Signatera RUO, Natera, Inc.). Relationships with outcomes and other relevant clinical variables were assessed. The median follow-up was 62 months.

Results
Plasma ctDNA was detected in 18 out of 36 patients (50%) pre-operatively and was associated with increased tumor size (mean 9.3 cm vs. 7.0 cm, P &lt; .05) and high Fuhrman grade (60% grades III-IV vs 27% grade II, P = .07). The presence of ctDNA, either pre-operatively or at any time post-operatively, was associated with inferior relapse-free survival (HR = 2.70, P = .046; HR = 3.23, P = .003, respectively). Among patients who were ctDNA positive at any time point, the sensitivity of relapse prediction was 84% with a PPV of 90%. Of note, ctDNA positivity at a post-surgical time point revealed a PPV of 100% and NPV of 64%. The lack of ctDNA detection at both time points yielded an NPV of 80%.

Conclusions
Detection of plasma ctDNA using a personalized assay is prognostic of recurrence in patients with resected RCC. Herein, we describe a successful approach for its application and identify potential limitations to be addressed in future studies.
Inequality in English post-16 education
Authors: Field Simon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary examines post-16 education in England from the perspective of equity, with a focus on technical education. It describes how the growth of higher education (HE) has disproportionately benefited those from advantaged backgrounds, and argues that a key equity objective should be to improve the quality of the technical alternatives to HE. This objective faces several obstacles, including a fragmented and volatile landscape of technical education, weak funding and a deregulated labour market. Apprenticeship has potential but is hampered by non-compliance with minimum requirements for wages and training. Numeracy and literacy weaknesses are also magnified in the 16–19 phase of education. In response, the report recommends strengthened funding for the technical alternatives to HE, robust enforcement of minimum wage and training requirements for apprentices and better access routes designed to reintegrate weaker performers into the skills system.
Relational equality, mutual benefit and social insurance
Authors: Sugden Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In a democratic nation state with a relatively open economy, does the state have an obligation to seek to achieve equality among its citizens? If so, where does that obligation come from? And equality of what? I argue that the luck egalitarian conception of equality of opportunity, which requires the state to compensate for contingencies for which individuals are not responsible but not for those for which they are, is incompatible with the practical functioning and moral underpinning of a market economy. I discuss two views which focus on equality in social, political and economic relationships between individuals—Anderson’s conception of relational equality and my economic conception of mutual benefit. These approaches have a similar contractual or contractarian structure: they work from the several viewpoints of potential participants in cooperative ventures rather than the synoptic viewpoint of a moral spectator. They provide complementary justifications for social insurance.
How families matter for understanding economic inequality
Authors: Santos Cezar , Tertilt Michèle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this commentary, we discuss the importance of families for understanding economic inequality. Family structure can in principle be an amplifier or mitigator of economic inequality. We describe three channels on how families shape economic inequality. First, how people match to form families matters for inequality across families. Second, parental investments in children can amplify existing inequalities across generations. Third, inequality can exist even within families and the economic environment can shape inequality in consumption and leisure between spouses. In this survey, we describe these channels and discuss the related literature.
Women and men at work
Authors: Andrew Alison , Bandiera Oriana , Costa Dias Monica , Landais Camille 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We explore gender inequalities in paid and unpaid work with a focus on the UK. The average working-age woman in the UK earned 40% less than her male counterpart in 2019; sizeable gender gaps in participation, hours worked and hourly wages all contribute to this gap. We explore how these patterns have changed over the past 25 years and conclude that after accounting for women’s rising education, progress has been modest. At the same time, women do far more unpaid domestic work than men. We show how inequalities evolve around parenthood and highlight how the division of labour between parents appears remarkably unrelated to relative earnings potential. We discuss consequences of our findings for material inequality and for the economy at large. We discuss the likely impacts of various current and potential policies, including parental leave, childcare and the tax and benefit system.
Immigration and inequality: the role of politics and policies
Authors: Hangartner Dominik , Spirig Judith 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary examines the relationship between immigration and economic inequality, focusing on the role of politics and policies. The main argument is that although the direct economic effects of immigration on native employment and wages may be minor, immigration can have significant indirect economic ramifications through political channels. We summarize existing evidence and discuss how immigration shapes politics and policies by influencing political discourse, voters, and parties. Notably, the rise of anti-immigrant parties can lead to shifts both in immigration and integration policy, and in other policy areas, such as law and order, social security, and international relations. These shifts have the potential to affect inequality across different segments of society, including between immigrants and citizens and along gender and employment dimensions. However, due to the scarcity of empirical evidence, predictions about the consequences of immigration on inequality across these groups are uncertain and further research is needed.
Trade and inequality in Europe and the US
Authors: Dorn David , Levell Peter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Low-income countries’ share of global exports nearly tripled between 1990 and 2015, largely due to China’s emergence as an exporting powerhouse. Evidence from several European countries and the US shows that import competition from China differentially reduced employment and earnings for workers in more trade-exposed industries and regions. We show that manufacturing employment declined most dramatically in countries where import growth was not matched by a commensurate expansion of exports. We also provide new results for the UK which indicate that imports from China contributed to substantial declines in consumer prices alongside job losses in manufacturing. However, while the adverse labour market impacts were concentrated on specific groups of workers and regions, consumer benefits from trade were widely dispersed and of similar magnitude for high and low-income households. We argue that assistance targeted towards displaced workers and depressed areas would better help the losers of globalization than new import tariffs.
A primer on trade and inequality
Authors: Rodrik Dani 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Economists have generally underplayed, until recently, globalization’s role in exacerbating inequality in the advanced economies. But in the public imagination, globalization’s adverse effects have loomed much larger, significantly contributing to the backlash against the political mainstream and the rise of far-right populism. The literature on trade and inequality is in fact exceptionally rich, with important theoretical insights as well as extensive empirical findings covering recent experience. In these comments, I will summarize a few key takeaways.
The welfare state and inequality: were the UK reforms of the 1940s a success?
Authors: Crafts Nicholas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary reviews reforms made to the welfare state made in the 1940s by the UK. It also considers education, health and income inequalities in the light of these reforms. The evidence points to more equal access to health care and a reduction in income inequality, especially through a lower share for top incomes. Greater income equality was not, however, mainly a result of redistributive policies. The Beveridge Report was an unsatisfactory blueprint for a social security system, and it did not achieve its objectives of providing adequate benefits while ending means testing. Poverty was reduced but not abolished.