bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of infraorbital nerve block on emergence agitation in children undergoing cleft lip surgery under general anesthesia with sevoflurane
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Gang , Fu Wei , Li Shi‐tong 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundSevoflurane is widely used in pediatric anesthesia. However, a high incidence of emergence agitation (EA) after general anesthesia with sevoflurane has been reported and pain has been regarded as a significant contributing factor. The objective of this prospective randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was to determine whether infraorbital nerve block reduces EA in children undergoing repair of cleft lip after sevoflurane.MethodsIn this randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, we enrolled 110 children (5 months to 6 years of age), who were scheduled for cleft lip surgery, and randomized them to the following two groups: Group S and Group B, where 1.5 ml saline (Group S) or 1.5 ml 0.25% bupivacaine (Group B) were administered in the infraorbital foramen. Emergence behavior was assessed in the postanesthesia care unit using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale and a 5‐point scale described by Cole. Pain was evaluated using the Children and Infants Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS).ResultsOne‐hundred children (n = 50 per group) completed the study. The endtidal concentration of sevoflurane in Group B was lower than that in Group S. The incidence of EA was 16% in Group B and 42% in Group S (P = 0.008). The PAED scale score in Group B (mean [95% CI] 9 [8–12]) was lower than that in Group S (11.5 [9.8–15]). The duration of EA in Group B was shorter than that in Group S. CHIPPS score in postanesthetic care unit were lower in Group B (mean [95% CI] 3 [2–3.3]) compared with that in Group S (5 [4–6]).ConclusionIn children undergoing cleft lip repair surgery, infraorbital nerve block at the beginning of surgery significantly decreased the incidence of EA and the duration of EA, and provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia without delaying the time to extubation with sevoflurane anesthesia.
Fast‐track recovery after day case surgery
Authors: Rhondali Ossam , Villeneuve Edith , Queyrel Géraldine , Delorme Mijanou , Vischoff Daniel , Saindon Sophie , Girard Marie‐Andrée , Charest Jean , Mathews Sylvain 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundFast‐track recovery processes are implemented for pediatric day case surgery. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate postoperative comfort and parental satisfaction of children included in this process to improve quality of care.MethodsWe included all children scheduled for superficial procedures or dental treatment outside the operating room. A questionnaire was explained to parents before hospital discharge to evaluate the first night at home. Postoperative comfort evaluation included postoperative pain score (FLACC scale), incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative behavior disorders. Incidence of posthospital behavior disturbance was evaluated measuring postoperative agitation at home, and disinterest with toys and games. Parental satisfaction was evaluated with a four‐point Likert scale (1 = not satisfied at all, 2 = not satisfied, 3 = satisfied, 4 = very satisfied).ResultsOne hundred and forty‐three questionnaires were returned to hospital. Despite reduced length of stay in short‐stay unit after anesthesia (28 ± 34 min), we did not report serious complications, and global parental satisfaction was good about the care process. Pain scores (FLACC >3) were higher in the group scheduled for dental procedures, but were very low for the other superficial surgery. With an odd ratio of 5.8 (95% confidence interval 2–17; P = 0.001), postoperative behavior modification (agitation or disinterest with toys or games) was the strongest variable that can predict parental dissatisfaction.ConclusionOptimal pain management, better parental information about risks of postoperative behavior disturbances, and program integrating parent and child preparation should improve quality of care and global satisfaction in the fast‐track recovery process.
Preoperative preparation workshop reduces postoperative maladaptive behavior in children
Authors: Hilly Julie , Hörlin Anne‐Laure , Kinderf Joelle , Ghez Cecile , Menrath Sabrina , Delivet Honorine , Brasher Christopher , Nivoche Yves , Dahmani Souhayl 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIntroductionPostoperative maladaptive behaviors (POMBs) are common following pediatric anesthesia, and preoperative anxiety is associated with POMBs. A family‐centered preoperative preparation workshop was instituted with the aim of reducing the incidence of POMB and preoperative anxiety, and the study was constructed to evaluate its effectiveness.Material and methodsA prospective cohort study was constructed, comparing patients who attended the workshop (workshop group) with patients who did not attend and who were matched for age and type of surgery (comparison group). Preoperative anxiety was measured using the mYPAS score, postoperative emergence agitation (EA) was measured using the PAED score, POMBs were assessed with the Post‐Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) on postoperative day 7, and PACU morphine consumption and PACU length of stay were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed employing the X² test, the Fisher's exact test, and the Mann–Whitney test as appropriate. Data were expressed as median [minimum, maximum].ResultsFifty‐six patients from 3 to 18 years of age were recruited. Twenty‐seven patients in the workshop group were compared to 26 in the comparison group, after exclusions for missing data. Significant differences were demonstrated between groups for POMBs intensity (PHBQ score 2 [0; 9] vs 5 [0; 10], P = 0.008) and incidence (PHBQ score >6: 3.6% vs 35.7%, P = 0.003), and for mYPAS score (28 [23; 87] vs 37 [23;100], P = 0.015). No difference was found for EA, PACU morphine consumption, or PACU length of stay.ConclusionThe workshop appears to result in reduced preoperative anxiety and POMBs.
Dexmedetomidine as adjunct to ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks for pediatric inguinal hernia repair: an exploratory randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lundblad Märit , Marhofer Daniela , Eksborg Staffan , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundAdult meta‐analysis has identified dexmedetomidine as a potentially useful adjunct to prolong the duration of peripheral nerve blocks. However, no data exist regarding the adjuvant use of dexmedetomidine in the setting of pediatric peripheral nerve blocks.MethodsUsing a prospective, randomized, double‐blind design, children (1½–8 years, ASA 1–2) scheduled for outpatient inguinal hernia repair were randomized to receive either an ultrasound‐guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block (IINB) with plain ropivacaine 0.197% (Group LA; n = 21) or ropivacaine 0.197% with adjunct dexmedetomidine 0.3 μg·kg−1 (Group LAD; n = 22). The primary endpoint of the study was time to first postoperative administration of supplemental analgesia (FPASA) triggered by a pain score ≥4 (CHIPPS or NRS scale). Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis was decided as the primary statistical analysis of the data.ResultsThe median time to FPASA was prolonged by 88% following the use of adjunct dexmedetomidine (4.0 and 7.6 h in group LA and LAD, respectively) (P = 0.0717). Patients in Group LA displayed a significantly higher number of patients with a CHIPPS score ≥4 in the PACU (7 vs 0; P = 0.0029) as well as a higher incidence of PAED (4 vs 0; P = 0.0485) when compared to patients in Group LAD. No adverse events were recorded in any of the study groups.ConclusionsThe use of dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to an IINB resulted in reduced incidences of CHIPPS pain scores ≥4 and PAED scores of ≥11 during early recovery following pediatric inguinal hernia repair. In addition, the use of adjunct dexmedetomidine was associated with a prolongation of the period to first supplemental analgesia demand. The results of the present exploratory study must be viewed as preliminary and need further validation by future larger sized studies and/or meta‐analysis.
Effectiveness of Tapentadol Prolonged Release (PR) Compared with Oxycodone/Naloxone PR for the Management of Severe Chronic Low Back Pain with a Neuropathic Component: A Randomized, Controlled, Open‐Label, Phase 3b/4 Study
Authors: Baron Ralf , Likar Rudolf , Martin‐Mola Emilio , Blanco Francisco J. , Kennes Lieven , Müller Matthias , Falke Dietmar , Steigerwald Ilona 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of tapentadol prolonged release (PR) vs. oxycodone/naloxone PR in non–opioid‐pretreated patients with severe chronic low back pain with a neuropathic pain component.MethodsEligible patients (average pain intensity [numerical rating scale‐3 (NRS‐3)] ≥6; painDETECT positive/unclear) were randomized to twice‐daily tapentadol PR 50 mg or oxycodone/naloxone PR 10 mg/5 mg. After a 21‐day titration (maximum twice‐daily doses: tapentadol PR 250 mg, or oxycodone/naloxone PR 40 mg/20 mg plus oxycodone PR 10 mg), target doses were continued for 9 weeks. The primary effectiveness endpoint was the change in NRS‐3 from baseline to final evaluation; the exact repeated confidence interval (RCI) for tapentadol PR minus oxycodone/naloxone PR was used to establish noninferiority (upper limit <1.3) and superiority (confirmatory analyses).ResultsFor the primary effectiveness endpoint, tapentadol PR was noninferior to oxycodone/naloxone PR (97.5% RCI: [−1.820, −0.184]; P < 0.001). This exact RCI also yielded evidence of superiority for tapentadol PR vs. oxycodone/naloxone PR (significantly greater reduction in pain intensity; P = 0.003). Improvements (baseline to final evaluation) in painDETECT and Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory scores were significantly greater with tapentadol PR vs. oxycodone/naloxone PR (all P ≤ 0.005).ConclusionsThe study was formally shown to be positive and demonstrated, in the primary effectiveness endpoint, the noninferiority for tapentadol PR vs. oxycodone/naloxone PR. The effectiveness of tapentadol PR was superior to that of oxycodone/naloxone PR by means of clinical relevance and statistical significance (confirmatory evidence of superiority). Tapentadol PR was associated with significantly greater improvements in neuropathic pain‐related symptoms and global health status than oxycodone/naloxone PR and with a significantly better gastrointestinal tolerability profile. Tapentadol PR may be considered a first‐line option for managing severe chronic low back pain with a neuropathic pain component.
ZmABA2, an interacting protein of ZmMPK5, is involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and functions
Authors: Ma Fangfang , Ni Lan , Liu Libo , Li Xi , Zhang Huan , Zhang Aying , Tan Mingpu , Jiang Mingyi 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn maize (Zea mays), the mitogen‐activated protein kinase ZmMPK5 has been shown to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA)‐induced antioxidant defence and to enhance the tolerance of plants to drought, salt stress and oxidative stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using ZmMPK5 as bait in yeast two‐hybrid screening, a protein interacting with ZmMPK5 named ZmABA2, which belongs to a member of the short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, was identified. Pull‐down assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and co‐immunoprecipitation test confirmed that ZmMPK5 interacts with ZmABA2 in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of Ser173 in ZmABA2 by ZmMPK5 was shown to increase the activity of ZmABA2 and the protein stability. Various abiotic stimuli induced the expression of ZmABA2 in leaves of maize plants. Pharmacological, biochemical and molecular biology and genetic analyses showed that both ZmMPK5 and ZmABA2 coordinately regulate the content of ABA. Overexpression of ZmABA2 in tobacco plants was found to elevate the content of ABA, regulate seed germination and root growth under drought and salt stress and enhance the tolerance of tobacco plants to drought and salt stress. These results suggest that ZmABA2 is a direct target of ZmMPK5 and is involved in ABA biosynthesis and functions.
Effectiveness of the Photoactive Dye Methylene Blue versus Caspofungin on the Candida parapsilosis Biofilm in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Černáková Lucia , Chupáčová Jaroslava , Židlíková Katarína , Bujdáková Helena 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis research studied the effectiveness of the photoactive compound methylene blue (MB) activated with red LED light (576–672 nm) compared to that of caspofungin (CAS) on 1 Candida albicans and 3 Candida parapsilosis strains. Results were evaluated in terms of SMIC50 for CAS or in PDI (photodynamic inactivation)‐SMIC50 for MB (minimal inhibitory concentration inhibiting sessile biofilm to 50% in comparison to the control without CAS or after irradiation in comparison to the control without MB). While all strains were susceptible to CAS in planktonic form, the SMIC50 was determined to be >16 μg mL−1 when CAS was added to a 24 h biofilm. However, PDI‐MIC50s (1.67 mW cm−2, fluence 15 J cm−2) were 0.0075–0.03 mmol L−1. For biofilm, PDI‐SMIC50s were in the range from 0.7 to 1.35 mmol L−1. MB concentration of 1 mmol L−1 prevented a biofilm being formed ex vivo on mouse tongues after irradiation regardless of the application time, in contrast to CAS, which was only effective at a concentration of 16 μg mL−1 when it was added at the beginning of biofilm formation. PDI seems to be a promising method for the prevention of microbial biofilms that do not respond significantly to conventional drugs.
Relative expression analysis of IL‐5 and IL‐6 genes in tropical sheep breed Pelibuey infected with Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Estrada‐Reyes Z. M. , López‐Reyes A. G. , Lagunas‐Martínez A. , Ramírez‐ Vargas G. , Olazarán‐Jenkins S. , Hernández‐Romano J. , Mendoza‐de‐Gives P. , López‐Arellano M. E. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHaemonchus contortus is a parasitic nematode of Pelibuey sheep, a meat breed used in tropical regions. Due to anthelmintic problems, the identification of hosts resistant to H. contortus is another option of control. The aim of this study was to analyse the relative expression of IL‐5 and IL‐6 genes in Pelibuey sheep after H. contortus infection. Nineteen lambs infected with H. contortus and three more lambs without infection were studied. The haemonchosis was determined by the number of eggs per gram of faeces (epg) and by the estimation of the percentage of the packed cell volume (%pcv). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained to extract RNA at 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after infection to quantify the relative expression of IL‐5, IL‐6 and GAPDH by real‐time PCR. Five lambs were classified as low responders (lr) to haemonchosis with averages of 1519 ± 315·3 epg and 31·49 ± 5·13%pcv, and 14 lambs were identified as high responders (hr) with averages of 530 ± 132 epg and 34·88 ± 3·75%pcv. The expression ratio of IL‐5 was significantly different compared with control lambs at 2, 7 and 14 days post‐infection (PI), and IL‐6 was significantly different after 14 days. The highest level of relative expression for IL‐5 and IL‐6 genes was 9·9‐fold and 12‐fold after 2 and 14 days for hr hosts (P < 0·05) compared with control group, respectively. In conclusion, the Pelibuey breed in grazing areas exhibited different expression of IL‐5 and IL‐6 obtained from PBMCs against H. contortus, suggesting the importance of these cytokines in regulating the nematode infection.
Testing and modelling the potential of three diploid plants in Poaceae as a new pathosystem to investigate the interactions between cereal hosts and cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae)
Authors: Kong L. A. , Wu D. Q. , Cui J. K. , Huang W. K. , Peng H. , Peng D. L. 
Published: June 2015

Cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera avenae, is one of the most important pathogens of wheat worldwide, and causes significant yield losses. Research on CCN–wheat interactions is hampered by the lack of an effective model pathosystem. This study investigated the potential of the model cereal Brachypodium distachyon (Bd21‐3) and diploid wheat 2A (G1812) and 2D (AL8/78) as model hosts for CCN. Nematode infection analysis showed that although some CCN penetrated Bd21‐3 roots, these nematodes failed to develop to the later developmental stages or form cysts, indicating B. distachyon is not a host for CCN. A strong burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within Bd21‐3 roots infected with CCN was induced 3 days after infection and the expression of seven ROS‐producing genes was significantly increased. In contrast, CCN completed its life cycle in both diploid wheat 2A and 2D, and formed normal syncytia in these hosts. Although CCN developmental processes within both diploid wheat 2A and 2D were very similar to those in the susceptible control, the number of cysts formed on diploid wheat 2D was less than those formed on diploid wheat 2A and the susceptible control, indicating that diploid wheat 2A was a more suitable host for CCN than 2D. This is the first report of a potential new pathosystem for CCN–host interactions using diploid wheat.
A systematic review of the mismatch negativity as an index for auditory sensory memory: From basic research to clinical and developmental perspectives
Authors: Bartha‐Doering Lisa , Deuster Dirk , Giordano Vito , am Zehnhoff‐Dinnesen Antoinette , Dobel Christian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAuditory sensory memory is an important ability for successful language acquisition and processing. The mismatch negativity (MMN) in response to auditory stimuli has been proposed as an objective tool to measure the existence of auditory sensory memory traces. By increasing interstimulus intervals, attenuation of MMN peak amplitude and increased MMN peak latency have been suggested to reflect duration and decay of sensory memory traces. The aim of the present study is to conduct a systematic review of studies investigating sensory memory duration with MMN. Searches of electronic databases yielded 743 articles. Of these, 37 studies met final eligibility criteria. Results point to maturational changes in the time span of auditory sensory memory from birth on with a peak in young adulthood, as well as to a decrease of sensory memory duration in healthy aging. Furthermore, this review suggests that sensory memory decline is related to diverse neurological, psychiatric, and pediatric diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, alcohol abuse, schizophrenia, and language disorders. This review underlines that the MMN provides a unique window to the cognitive processes of auditory sensory memory. However, further studies combining electrophysiological and behavioral data, and further studies in clinical populations are needed, also on individual levels, to validate the MMN as a clinical tool for the assessment of sensory memory duration.
A Dilemma for the Doomsday Argument
Authors: Northcott Robert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractI present a new case in which the Doomsday Argument (‘DA’) runs afoul of epistemic intuition much more strongly than before. This leads to a dilemma: in the new case either DA is committed to unacceptable counterintuitiveness and belief in miracles, or else it is irrelevant. I then explore under what conditions DA can escape this dilemma. The discussion turns on several issues that have not been much emphasised in previous work on DA: a concern that I label trumping; the degree of uncertainty about relevant probability estimates; and the exact sequence in which we integrate DA and empirical concerns. I conclude that only given a particular configuration of these factors might DA still be of interest.
Evidence of Spontaneous Recovery of Granulosa‐Theca Cell Tumour in a Heifer: A Retrospective Report
Authors: El‐Sheikh Ali H , Kitahara G , Torisu S , Nibe K , Kaneko Y , Hidaka Y , Osawa T 
Published: June 2015

ContentsA 14‐month‐old Japanese Black heifer was evaluated on Day 0 (D 0) for enlargement of the right ovary (RO). Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) revealed that theROwas markedly enlarged and multicystic, while the left ovary (LO) was small and inactive. The presumptive diagnosis was granulosa‐theca cell tumour (GTCT), which was confirmed by markedly elevated plasma anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) of 4.42 ng/ml. Therefore, ovariectomy of theROwas the treatment of choice. The heifer was checked byTRUSand blood sampling on D 42, D 63 and immediately before ovariectomy on D 85. On D 42,TRUSdid not show marked changes in either ovary in comparison with D 0. However, on D 63, theROhad transformed into a single cyst, and on D 85, theLOhad resumed cyclic activity. TheROwas extracted on D 85 by hand‐assisted laparoscopic ovariectomy to allow better control. Unexpectedly, histopathology revealed the lesion to be a fluid‐filled cystic structure, with no neoplastic proliferation of follicular epithelium that would indicateGTCT. The wall of the cystic structure consisted of collagen fibres and a few degenerated granulosa cells. The retrospective hormonal analysis revealed that theAMHconcentrations had markedly dropped on D 63 and 85, which coincided with resumption of cyclicity in theLO. These findings suggest that theGTCThad self‐cured and transformed into a cyst‐like structure. The heifer then received an oestrous synchronization regime on D 105, was artificially inseminated on D 115 and became pregnant.
Doppler and Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography of Testicles in Adult Domestic Felines
Authors: de Brito MBS , Feliciano MAR , Coutinho LN , Uscategui RR , Simões APR , Maronezi MC , de Almeida VT , Crivelaro RM , Gasser B , Pavan L , Russiano WR 
Published: June 2015

ContentsThe objective was to characterize the vascular patterns of testicular blood flow of adult cats, measuring the systolic velocity (SV), diastolic velocity (DV), resistance index (RI), gate time (wash‐in) peak enhancement and output time (wash‐out) of the contrast and addition of tissue fill characteristics. Forty‐five adult cats were selected, and the echotexture, echogenicity, size, contours and margins of testicles were assessed via ultrasound. By Doppler were evaluated the blood flow and determined of vascular index in testicular artery (SV, DV and RI) and via contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography determine the time for phases: wash‐in, wash‐out and peak enhancement. Sonographic findings presented normal. Testicular artery was observed in the spermatic cord with tortuous patter and showed monophasic‐patterned waves and low vascular resistance and with systolic peak evident. Values of indices vascular were as follows: SV = 6.73 cm/s, DV = 2.8 cm/s and RI = 0.54 for left testicles; and SV = 6.23 cm/s, DV = 2.77 cm/s and RI = 0.53 for right testicles. Contrast filled the subcapsular vascular structures and after a few seconds, a homogeneous moderate enhancement of the parenchyma, with parenchymal vessels still distinguishable and after the peak phase, a rapid homogeneous decrease in echogenicity. Values of time for contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography were as follows: wash‐in = 8.78 s, peak enhancement = 21.62 s and wash‐out = 75.36 for left testicles; and wash‐in = 10.76 s, peak enhancement = 21.50 s and wash‐out = 81.81 for right testicles. Doppler and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography of the testicles in healthy adult cats was easily implemented and may provide baseline data for this organ to allow the use of these techniques as a diagnostic tool for evaluating testicular abnormalities in sick cats.