bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a curricular and professional development intervention at improving elementary teachers' science content knowledge and student achievement outcomes: Year 1 results
Authors: Diamond Brandon S. , Maerten‐Rivera Jaime , Rohrer Rose Elizabeth , Lee Okhee 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTeacher knowledge of science content is an important but under‐studied construct. A curricular and professional development intervention consisting of a fifth grade science curriculum, teacher workshops, and school site support was studied to determine its effect on teachers' science content knowledge as measured by a science knowledge test, a questionnaire, and classroom observations. These three measures, along with college science courses taken, were then used to examine the effect of teachers' science content knowledge on student achievement outcomes. The intervention had a significant effect on the treatment group teachers' science knowledge test scores and questionnaire responses compared to the control group, but not on the classroom observation ratings. Teachers' scores on the science knowledge test were found to be the largest significant teacher‐level predictor of student achievement outcomes regardless of participation in the intervention. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 635–658, 2014
Evidence of second‐trimester changes in head biometry and brain perfusion in fetuses with congenital heart disease
Authors: Masoller N. , Martínez J. M. , Gómez O. , Bennasar M. , Crispi F. , Sanz‐Cortés M. , Egaña‐Ugrinovic G. , Bartrons J. , Puerto B. , Gratacós E. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the associations between congenital heart disease (CHD) and head biometry and cerebrovascular blood flow dynamics at the time of diagnosis of CHD in the second trimester of pregnancy.MethodsThis was a study of 95 consecutive fetuses diagnosed with CHD. At the time of diagnosis, fetal biometry was performed and brain perfusion was assessed by middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA‐PI), cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and fractional moving blood volume (FMBV). The results were compared with those of 95 normal fetuses matched for gestational age.ResultsMedian gestational age at diagnosis was 22 + 3 (range, 20 + 0 to 23 + 5) weeks. Fetuses with CHD showed significantly lower MCA‐PI and CPR Z‐scores (−0.23 vs 0.34 and −0.37 vs 0.30, respectively; both P < 0.001) and higher FMBV Z‐scores (2.35 vs 0.15; P < 0.001). FMBV > 95th percentile was observed in 81.1% of cases as compared with 10.5% in controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, cases showed significantly smaller biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC) Z‐scores (−1.61 vs −0.43 and −0.89 vs 0.09, respectively; both P < 0.001), with a higher proportion of BPD and HC measurements below the 5th percentile compared with controls (51.6% vs 13.7% and 26.3% vs 4.2%, respectively; both P < 0.001). These findings were more pronounced in those cases with types of CHD associated with compromised oxygenated blood delivery to the brain, such as left outflow tract obstruction and transposition of the great arteries.ConclusionsA high proportion of fetuses with CHD have a smaller head and increased brain perfusion already in the second trimester, suggesting an early onset of the mechanisms leading to poorer neurodevelopment later in life. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Neuronal RNA‐binding proteins in health and disease
Authors: Lenzken Silvia Carolina , Achsel Tilmann , Carrì Maria Teresa , Barabino Silvia M.L. 
Published: March 2014

In mammalian cells in general and in neurons in particular, mRNA maturation, translation, and degradation are highly complex and dynamic processes. RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play crucial roles in all these events. First, they participate in the choice of pre‐mRNA splice sites and in the selection of the polyadenylation sites, determining which of the possible isoforms is produced from a given precursor mRNA. Then, once in the cytoplasm, the protein composition of the RNP particles determines whether the mature mRNA is transported along the dendrites or the axon of a neuron to the synapses, how efficiently it is translated, and how stable it is. In agreement with their importance for neuronal function, mutations in genes that code for RBPs are associated with various neurological diseases. In this review, we illustrate how individual RBPs determine the fate of an mRNA, and we discuss how mutations in RBPs or perturbations of the mRNA metabolism can cause neurodegenerative disorders. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:565–576. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1231This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Recognition
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Surgeon‐performed Intraoperative Tumor Localization in Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Ultrasound‐guided Intratumoral Indigo Carmine Injection
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Sohn Jin Ho , Kim Heejin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundIdentification and removal of small, non‐palpable tumors located within previous surgical scar tissue is challenging and time consuming and may be associated with increased risk in patients with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The purpose of the present study was to present our surgeon‐performed technique and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound‐guided intratumoral indigo carmine injection (US‐III) for intraoperative tumor localization in patients with recurrent PTC.MethodsSixteen patients with recurrent PTC in which tumors were <1.5 cm and not palpable were enrolled in this prospective study from January 2012 through March 2013.ResultsThe mean size of the target tumors was 0.85 cm (range 0.4–1.3 cm) on preoperative US. The average time required for the US‐III procedure was 7.7 min (range 5–11 min). The mean volume of injected indigo carmine was 0.56 mL (range 0.3–1.0 mL); this injection expanded the tumors by a mean of 0.2 cm (23.5 % increase compared with the initial tumor size; range 0.0–0.4 cm), increasing the mean size of the target tumors to 1.05 cm (range 0.5–1.5 cm). In 15 (93.8 %) of the 16 patients, the recurrent tumors were successfully removed with the aid of US‐III. No complications occurred in any of the patients as a result of the US‐III or subsequent surgeries.ConclusionsUS‐III is a safe and effective technique that can be performed by the surgeon for the intraoperative localization of small non‐palpable tumors within previous scar tissue in patients with recurrent PTC.
Reducing the Burden of Postoperative ileus: Evaluating and Implementing an Evidence‐based Strategy
Authors: Barletta Jeffrey F. , Senagore Anthony J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus remains a significant clinical and economic burden to the health care system. Over the last decade, several advances in both medical and surgical therapies have been made to reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative ileus. Despite these advances, though, the incidence of ileus remains high. This narrative review focuses on interventions aimed to prevent and treat postoperative ileus while presenting a step‐by‐step process for implementation of an evidenced‐based strategy.MethodsA literature search was performed using Medline/PubMed, and articles related to postoperative ileus were identified. The bibliographies of all retrieved articles were reviewed to obtain additional articles of relevance.ResultsThere are many factors that can influence gastrointestinal recovery that can be categorized as management‐, drug‐, or surgery‐related. While several strategies exist to improve gastrointestinal recovery, few have been shown to reduce length of hospital stay. These strategies are described here, along with a structured approach organized by preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations.ConclusionsPostoperative ileus is associated with a significant clinical and economic burden to the health care system. Strategies such as the development of a multidisciplinary team and the creation of a multimodal protocol are encouraged with continuous quality assurance to assess outcomes at the local level.
Charitable Platforms in Global Surgery: A Systematic Review of their Effectiveness, Cost‐Effectiveness, Sustainability, and Role Training
Authors: Shrime Mark G. , Sleemi Ambereen , Ravilla Thulasiraj D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to propose a classification scheme for platforms of surgical delivery in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) and to review the literature documenting their effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness, sustainability, and role in training. Approximately 28 % of the global burden of disease is surgical. In LMICs, much of this burden is borne by a rapidly growing international charitable sector, in fragmented platforms ranging from short‐term trips to specialized hospitals. Systematic reviews of these platforms, across regions and across disease conditions, have not been performed.MethodsA systematic review of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed from 1960 to 2013. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined a priori. Bibliographies of retrieved studies were searched by hand. Of the 8,854 publications retrieved, 104 were included.ResultsSurgery by international charitable organizations is delivered under two, specialized hospitals and temporary platforms. Among the latter, short‐term surgical missions were the most common and appeared beneficial when no other option was available. Compared to other platforms, however, worse results and a lack of cost‐effectiveness curtailed their role. Self‐contained temporary platforms that did not rely on local infrastructure showed promise, based on very few studies. Specialized hospitals provided effective treatment and appeared sustainable; cost‐effectiveness evidence was limited.ConclusionsBecause the charitable sector delivers surgery in vastly divergent ways, systematic review of these platforms has been difficult. This paper provides a framework from which to study these platforms for surgery in LMICs. Given the available evidence, self‐contained temporary platforms and specialized surgical centers appear to provide more effective and cost‐effective care than short‐term surgical mission trips, except when no other delivery platform exists.
Gemini Pyridinium Surfactants: Synthesis and Their Surface Active Properties
Authors: Patial Pankaj , Shaheen Arifa , Ahmad Ishtiaque 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNew pyridinium Gemini surfactants have been synthesized by esterification of renewable fatty acids with halogenated alcohols furnishing respective esters (2‐chloroethyl hexadecanoate, 2‐chloroethyl tetradecanoate, 2‐chloroethyl dodecanoate, 2‐bromoethyl hexadecanoate, 2‐bromoethyl tetradecanoate and 2‐bromoethyl dodecanoate) followed by their subsequent treatment with 4,4′‐trimethylenedipyridine resulting into the formation of title Gemini surfactants: (4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(hexadecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride(7), (4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(tetradecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride (8), 4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(dodecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride (9), (4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(hexadecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (10), (4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(tetradecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (11), 4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(dodecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (12). Their identifications are based on IR, 1H‐, 13C‐NMR, DEPT, COSY and mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties are also evaluated on the basis of surface tension and conductivity measurements and thermal stability of these long chain cationics Gemini surfactants have been measured by thermal gravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere.
Application of High Intensity Ultrasound to a Zero‐trans Shortening During Temperature Cycling at Different Cooling Rates
Authors: Ye Y. , Tan C. Y. , Kim D. A. , Martini S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) on the physical properties of a commercial shortening crystallized at a constant temperature and during temperature cycling at two different cooling rates (0.5 and 1 °C/min). Different ultrasound power levels and different durations were evaluated during crystallization at a constant temperature and the best conditions were used to evaluate the effect of HIU during temperature cycling. The physical properties tested were crystal microstructure, viscoelasticity, and melting profile. Results show that HIU is more efficient at changing crystal microstructure when used at 20 °C using a 1/2″ tip. No difference was found on the microstructure of the crystals formed when different durations of ultrasound exposure were tested. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the storage modulus (G′) of the lipid exposed to temperature fluctuations with the use of HIU. The G′ values increased from 662.6 ± 176.8 Pa (no HIU applied) to 3,365.5 ± 426.4 Pa (with HIU applied, 0.5 °C/min) and from 354.4 ± 49.7 Pa (no HIU applied) to 1,249.0 ± 19.8 Pa (with HIU applied, 1 °C/min).
Skewed Sex Ratios and Criminal Victimization in India
Authors: South Scott J. , Trent Katherine , Bose Sunita 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Although substantial research has explored the causes of India’s excessively masculine population sex ratio, few studies have examined the consequences of this surplus of males. We merge individual-level data from the 2004–2005 India Human Development Survey with data from the 2001 India population census to examine the association between the district-level male-to-female sex ratio at ages 15 to 39 and self-reports of victimization by theft, breaking and entering, and assault. Multilevel logistic regression analyses reveal positive and statistically significant albeit substantively modest effects of the district-level sex ratio on all three victimization risks. We also find that higher male-to-female sex ratios are associated with the perception that young unmarried women in the local community are frequently harassed. Household-level indicators of family structure, socioeconomic status, and caste, as well as areal indicators of women’s empowerment and collective efficacy, also emerge as significant predictors of self-reported criminal victimization and the perceived harassment of young women. The implications of these findings for India’s growing sex ratio imbalance are discussed.
Monitoring jaguar populationsPanthera oncawith non-invasive genetics: a pilot study in Brazilian ecosystems
Authors: Roques S. , Furtado M. , Jácomo A. T. A. , Silveira L. , Sollmann R. , Tôrres N. M. , Godoy J. A. , Palomares F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe global population of jaguarsPanthera oncahas decreased significantly since the beginning of the 20th century. Given the scarcity of demographic and biological information, estimating population parameters is critical for the design of conservation measures. The jaguar's elusive behaviour makes it impossible to estimate and monitor populations by direct observation. We propose a non-invasive genetic sampling approach and demonstrate its potential for large-scale monitoring. Sex identification was optimized for faecal samples of jaguars and other felids. We also optimized a set of 11 microsatellite markers for reliable identification of individuals. We estimated the effectiveness of faecal sample genotyping in two distinct Brazilian biomes: the Pantanal and the semi-arid Caatinga. Almost 90% of the samples that were molecularly identified as jaguar (n = 90) were successfully genotyped and were assigned to 30 individuals. Genetic diversity was generally high but was significantly lower in the Caatinga population. We show that non-invasive genetic sampling can be a reliable tool to study population parameters and to monitor the genetic status of jaguar populations in different habitats. It may also be useful for future surveys of jaguars that address ecological, behavioural and conservation issues, and could provide a baseline for non-invasive genetic studies of other wild felid populations.
Cryptosporidiuminfections: molecular advances
Authors: LENDNER MATTHIAS , DAUGSCHIES ARWID 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYCryptosporidiumhost cell interaction remains fairly obscure compared with other apicomplexans such asPlasmodiumorToxoplasma. The reason for this is probably the inability of this parasite to complete its life cyclein vitroand the lack of a system to genetically modifyCryptosporidium. However, there is a substantial set of data about the molecules involved in attachment and invasion and about the host cell pathways involved in actin arrangement that are altered by the parasite. Here we summarize the recent advances in research on host cell infection regarding the excystation process, attachment and invasion, survival in the cell, egress and the available data on omics.
Metacognitive group training for schizophrenia spectrum patients with delusions: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Oosterhout B. , Krabbendam L. , de Boer K. , Ferwerda J. , van der Helm M. , Stant A. D. , van der Gaag M. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundMetacognitive training (MCT) for patients with psychosis is a psychological group intervention that aims to educate patients about common cognitive biases underlying delusion formation and maintenance, and to highlight their negative consequences in daily functioning.MethodIn this randomized controlled trial, 154 schizophrenia spectrum patients with delusions were randomly assigned to either MCT + treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Both groups were assessed at baseline, and again after 8 and 24 weeks. The trial was completed fully by 111 patients. Efficacy was measured with the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS) Delusions Rating Scale (DRS), and with specific secondary measures referring to persecutory ideas and ideas of social reference (the Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale, GPTS), cognitive insight (the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, BCIS), subjective experiences of cognitive biases (the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale, DACOBS) and metacognitive beliefs (the 30-item Metacognitions Questionnaire, MCQ-30). Economic analysis focused on the balance between societal costs and health outcomes (quality-adjusted life years, QALYs).ResultsBoth conditions showed a decrease of delusions. MCT was not more efficacious in terms of reducing delusions, nor did it change subjective paranoid thinking and ideas of social reference, cognitive insight or subjective experience of cognitive biases and metacognitive beliefs. The results of the economic analysis were not in favour of MCT + TAU.ConclusionsIn the present study, MCT did not affect delusion scores and self-reported cognitive insight, or subjective experience of cognitive biases and metacognitive beliefs. MCT was not cost-effective.
Chronology in lesion tolerance gives priority to genetic variability
Authors: Naiman Karel , Philippin Gaëlle , Fuchs Robert P. , Pagès Vincent 
Published: March 2014

Significance
When undergoing genotoxic stress, bacteria respond by the induction of their SOS system that promotes the overexpression of several genes. Among these genes are the specialized translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases that are able to replicate through a DNA lesion with the risk of inserting a mutation. Because these enzymes are expressed late during the SOS response, it has long been believed that TLS was the last recourse used by the cells in response to a genotoxic stress. In this work, we report evidence that TLS occurs before nonmutagenic bypass of a lesion. Thus, by giving priority to mutagenic bypass, cells are able to generate genetic diversity even for mild genotoxic stress.
Access to Research: the experience of implementing a pilot in public libraries
Authors: FAULDER Sarah , CHA Shinwha 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe Access to Research project is a collaboration between scholarly publishers and librarians to provide free licensed access to research journals via terminals in public libraries. The project is an element of the ‘balanced package’ proposed by the Finch Working Group on how to expand access to published research in the UK, which reported its recommendations to the UK government in June 2012. We describe the setting up of the project and the findings from a three‐month technical pilot prior to the launch of a two‐year national pilot in February 2014. The project has already attracted support from the major scholarly publishers, with about 8,400 journal titles now available. The access platform has been shown to be usable by public librarians and library patrons. We are now addressing the challenge of understanding how the public will make use of the system and exploring how best to provide training and education for librarians and users.
How research funders can finance APCs in full OA and hybrid journals
Authors: BJÖRK Bo‐Christer , SOLOMON David 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTOpen access (OA) publishing is steadily growing in both full OA journals and hybrid journals where authors can pay to open up individual articles. Funding for article processing charges (APCs) is still a strong barrier for many authors, particularly for subscription journals where the hybrid option is expensive and an added extra feature after an article is accepted for publication. Many research funders in Europe have started or are considering mechanisms for paying APCs with earmarked funding in order to increase the uptake of OA. At the same time they are well aware that their actions may influence the way the OA market will develop in the near future. This article discusses a number of scenarios for ways in which funders could cover the cost of APCs, while encouraging the development of a competitive and transparent market for APC‐funded OA scholarly publishing. We provide evidence that the current APC‐funded full OA market is sensitive to journal prestige/impact. We present a value‐based cap funding scheme which could help maintain transparency, bringing hybrid market pricing in line with the full OA market. We also consider a scenario that addresses hybrid ‘double dipping’ while limiting the cost of transitioning to full OA for research‐intensive universities as well as cost‐sharing as a mechanism for providing authors with an incentive for considering cost as well as value in choosing where to publish.
Journal author rights and self‐archiving: the case of Spanish journals
Authors: MELERO R. , RODRÍGUEZ‐GAIRÍN J.M. , ABAD‐GARCÍA F. , ABADAL E. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTOpen access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. The lack of clarity of publisher permissions for archiving in OA repositories affects the adoption of the green OA route. This paper explores editorial policies and self‐archiving conditions in 1,615 Spanish scholarly journals. 48% are published by university and research institutions, 25% by associations/societies, and 17% by commercial publishers; social sciences and humanities (SSH) accounted for 67% of the journals (44.5% and 22.5%, respectively) followed by health sciences (20%); 71% offered gratis access immediately after publication, and 11% after an embargo; 31% provided some mention of author rights. Self‐archiving was specifically allowed by 65% of the journals; 52% were classified as ROMEO‐blue, 12% as green and 15% as white, and 21% could not be classified; 21%, mostly in SSH, used some type of Creative Commons license.