bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient α‐Chlorination of 2‐[(1‐Oxocyclohex‐2‐en‐2‐yl)methyl]‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds Using Sodium Hypochlorite.
Authors: Mhasni Olfa , Rezgui Farhat 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA mild, convenient, and cheap method for the regioselective chlorination of various dicarbonyl compounds (I) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclopropyl Halides.
Authors: Grupe Sabine , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA simple protocol for the mono‐dehalogenation of various dihalocyclopropanes using tert‐butylmagnesium chloride in combination with Fe(acac)3 is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Phenols into Aryl tert‐Butyl Ethers under Mitsunobu Conditions Utilizing Neighboring Group Contribution.
Authors: Wolfgardt Annette , Bracher Franz 
Published: July 2013

AbstractN‐Boc‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)piperidine (I) acts as tert‐butyl source for the conversion of phenols into corresponding tert‐butyl ethers (III) under neutral Mitsunobu conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly (Z)‐Selective Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles Using the Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reaction.
Authors: Ando Kaori , Okumura Miho , Nagaya Shigeo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe novel reagent (I) renders possible the conversion of aldehydes into the desired α,β‐unsaturated nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Intramolecular Formal Carbon Insertion into σ‐C—C Bonds: A New Approach Toward Phenanthrols and Naphthols.
Authors: Xia Ying , Qu Peiyuan , Liu Zhenxing , Ge Rui , Xiao Qing , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe novel methodology allows the conversion of biphenyl carbaldehydes and related heterocyclic compounds into hydroxy‐substituted polycyclic aromatic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of α,β‐Epoxy Esters via One‐Pot Organocatalytic Epoxidation and Oxidative Esterification.
Authors: Xuan Yi‐ning , Lin Han‐Sen , Yan Ming 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of α,β‐epoxy esters (III) is readily prepared by an epoxidation reaction of cinnamaldehydes (I) in the presence of a proline‐derived catalyst followed by oxidative esterification of intermediate α,β‐epoxy aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzofuran and Indole Synthesis via Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Coupling of N‐Tosylhydrazone and o‐Hydroxy or o‐Amino Phenylacetylene.
Authors: Xiao Tiebo , Dong Xichang , Zhou Lei 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTitle compounds (III), (V), and (VII) are prepared via a CuBr‐catalyzed coupling‐allenylation‐cyclization sequence under ligand‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Intramolecular Allyl Transfer from Allyl Carbamate Accompanied by 5‐endo‐Trig Ring Closure.
Authors: Karjalainen Oskari K. , Nieger Martin , Koskinen Ari M. P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractKnoevenagel condensation of substrates (I) or (IX) with aromatic aldehydes followed by diastereoselective cyclization yields an unseparable mixture of highly functionalized pyrrolidin‐3‐ones in a one‐pot fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3 Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles and 2‐Pyrones.
Authors: Mahato Sanjit K. , Vinayagam Jayaraman , Dey Sumit , Timiri Ajay K. , Chatterjee Sourav , Jaisankar Parasuraman 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTetrasubstituted pyrroles (III) are prepared from 1,4‐enediones (I) and β‐dicarbonyl compounds (II) employing ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source, through a combination of Michael addition and Paal—Knorr cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Construction of Hexahydropyrroloindole by Means of α‐Alkylation of Aldehydes Leading to the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Gliocladin C.
Authors: Song Jin , Guo Chang , Adele Arafate , Yin Hao , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis method uses a chiral primary amine and a chiral phosphoric acid as an organocatalytic system to yield the products (III) with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Cyclization of N,N‐Disubstituted Hydrazones Through C(sp3)—H Functionalization.
Authors: Zhang Guangwu , Zhao Yan , Ge Haibo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA convenient oxidation/cyclization/aromatization sequence is presented for the conversion of a broad spectrum of hydrazones into pyrazole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Various Saturated and Unsaturated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors by Triflic Anhydride Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization.
Authors: Zhang Jun , Fu Jun , Su Xiaolong , Wang Xiao , Song Shangfei , Shi Min 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA facile and versatile method for the synthesis of the title N‐heterocyclic carbenes including ones which are not accessible by using previously published methods, e.g. (XIII), is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Substituted 2‐Aminoazole Derivatives.
Authors: Yotphan Sirilata , Beukeaw Danupat , Reutrakul Vichai 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the oxidative coupling of azole derivatives at C‐2 with different primary and secondary amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Novel Spiro‐Isoxazolidines via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Shah Sakshi , Badru Rahul , Singh Baldev 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA facile, efficient, and catalyst‐free method for the synthesis of the title compounds as one endo‐diastereoisomer is presented from very stable N‐oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling of Thiomethyl‐Substituted 1,3‐Benzothiazoles with Secondary Alkyl Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Ghaderi Arash , Iwasaki Takanori , Fukuoka Asuka , Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThiazoles (VI) and (VII) fail to react.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Halogenated 2‐Vinylchroman‐4‐ones and Their Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Erben Friedrich , Wurster Martina , Lalk Michael , Lindequist Ulrike , Sonneck Marcel , Konya Krisztina , Patonay Tamas , Langer Peter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSix title compounds of type (III) or (V) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Substituted N‐Hydroxy Piperidine via Intramolecular Reductive Cyclization of 1‐Keto‐5‐ketoxime.
Authors: Nagaraj Muthupandi , Boominathan Muthusamy , Manikannan Ramaiyan , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTitle compounds (III) are synthesized each as racemate of a single diastereomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Formal Aza‐Diels—Alder Reactions of Enones with Cyclic Imines Catalyzed by Primary Aminothioureas.
Authors: Lalonde Mathieu P. , McGowan Meredeth A. , Rajapaksa Naomi S. , Jacobsen Eric N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA wide range of indolo‐ and benzoquinolizidine derivatives is prepared in high yields and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds with Dihydropyrano[3,4‐b]pyridine Scaffold.
Authors: Pacquelet Sandrine , Blache Yves , Kimny Tan , Lacaille Dubois Marie‐Aleth , Desbois Nicolas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFormation of new synthesized compounds is achieved by a Polonovski rearrangement of N‐oxide derivatives followed by a Williamson′s ether synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Tetracyclic Benzo‐pyridonaphthyridines by Domino Reaction.
Authors: Basetti Vishnu , Pallepati Rangarao , Hosahalli Subramanya , Potluri Vijay 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe three‐step synthesis of title compounds (VI), which represent alkaloid skeletons, is based on the acid‐mediated cyclization of key precursors (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Selective Synthesis of β‐Isothiocyanato Ketones Through a Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig Reaction of β‐Azido Ketones.
Authors: Fesenko Anastasia A. , Dem'yachenko Ekaterina A. , Fedorova Galina A. , Shutalev Anatoly D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThree β‐isothiocyanato ketones (III) are synthesized by reaction of β‐azido ketones and CS2.
ChemInform Abstract: A Transmetalation Route for Colloidal GaAs Nanocrystals and Additional III—V Semiconductor Materials.
Authors: Lauth Jannika , Strupeit Tim , Kornowski Andreas , Weller Horst 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGaAs nanocrystals with narrow size distribution and high crystallinity are synthesized by addition of n‐butyllithium in hexane to a mixture of GaCl3 and Mg3As2 using tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide as stabilizing agent and 1‐octadecene as solvent (N2, 315 °C, 90 min).
ChemInform Abstract: AApeptides as a New Class of Peptidomimetics to Regulate Protein—Protein Interactions
Authors: Niu Youhong , Hu Yaogang , Wang Rongsheng E. , Li Xiaolong , Wu Haifan , Chen Jiandong , Cai Jianfeng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReview: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of the Medical Periodic Table: Towards New Targets
Authors: Barry Nicolas P. E. , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReview: recent progress in identifying new target sites in metallodrugs and elucidating the mechanisms of action of anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antiinflammatory, and antineurodegenerative agents, as well as in the design of metal‐based diagonistic agents; 411 refs.
The association between C‐reactive protein (CRP) level and biochemical failure‐free survival in patients after radiation therapy for nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Hall William A. , Nickleach Dana C. , Master Viraj A. , Prabhu Roshan S. , Rossi Peter J. , Godette Karen , Cooper Sherri , Jani Ashesh B. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDC‐reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with outcomes in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Associations between prostate adenocarcinoma‐specific endpoints and CRP in patients who are treated for localized disease remain unknown.METHODSIn total, 206 patients who received radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate had at least 1 CRP measured in follow‐up and were analyzed. The primary outcome was biochemical failure‐free survival. In addition, associations were examined between CRP and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA).RESULTSOn univariate analysis, higher CRP levels were associated significantly with shorter biochemical failure‐free survival for patients who received radiation therapy after undergoing radical prostatectomy. For patients who were managed with definitive radiation therapy alone, higher CRP levels also were associated significantly with shorter biochemical failure‐free survival on univariate and multivariable analyses (hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.19‐3.47; P = .009). In addition, CRP levels were associated significantly with PSA after radical prostatectomy for patients who had Gleason scores ≥8 (P = .037), for high‐risk patients (P = .008), and for those with pretreatment PSA levels >20 ng/mL (P = .05). In patients who received definitive radiation therapy, CRP levels also were associated with PSA both for those with pretreatment PSA levels >20 ng/mL (P < .001), and for the intermediate‐risk (P = .029) and high‐risk (P = .009) subgroups.CONCLUSIONSA higher CRP level was associated with shorter biochemical failure‐free survival on univariate and multivariable analyses in patients who received definitive radiation therapy. CRP was also associated with PSA in exploratory subgroups. These findings warrant further exploration in a prospectively enrolled patient cohort. Cancer 2013;119:3272–9. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Distribution of language‐related Cntnap2 protein in neural circuits critical for vocal learning
Authors: Condro Michael C. , White Stephanie A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTVariants of the contactin associated protein‐like 2 (Cntnap2) gene are risk factors for language‐related disorders including autism spectrum disorder, specific language impairment, and stuttering. Songbirds are useful models for study of human speech disorders due to their shared capacity for vocal learning, which relies on similar cortico‐basal ganglia circuitry and genetic factors. Here we investigate Cntnap2 protein expression in the brain of the zebra finch, a songbird species in which males, but not females, learn their courtship songs. We hypothesize that Cntnap2 has overlapping functions in vocal learning species, and expect to find protein expression in song‐related areas of the zebra finch brain. We further expect that the distribution of this membrane‐bound protein may not completely mirror its mRNA distribution due to the distinct subcellular localization of the two molecular species. We find that Cntnap2 protein is enriched in several song control regions relative to surrounding tissues, particularly within the adult male, but not female, robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), a cortical song control region analogous to human layer 5 primary motor cortex. The onset of this sexually dimorphic expression coincides with the onset of sensorimotor learning in developing males. Enrichment in male RA appears due to expression in projection neurons within the nucleus, as well as to additional expression in nerve terminals of cortical projections to RA from the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the nidopallium. Cntnap2 protein expression in zebra finch brain supports the hypothesis that this molecule affects neural connectivity critical for vocal learning across taxonomic classes. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:169–185, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IB4‐binding sensory neurons in the adult rat express a novel 3′ UTR‐extended isoform of CaMK4 that is associated with its localization to axons
Authors: Harrison Benjamin J. , Flight Robert M. , Gomes Cynthia , Venkat Gayathri , Ellis Steven R. , Sankar Uma , Twiss Jeffery L. , Rouchka Eric C. , Petruska Jeffrey C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCalcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase 4 (gene and transcript: CaMK4; protein: CaMKIV) is the nuclear effector of the Ca2+/calmodulin kinase (CaMK) pathway where it coordinates transcriptional responses. However, CaMKIV is present in the cytoplasm and axons of subpopulations of neurons, including some sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), suggesting an extranuclear role for this protein. We observed that CaMKIV was expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and axons of a subpopulation of small‐diameter DRG neurons, most likely cutaneous nociceptors by virtue of their binding the isolectin IB4. In IB4+ spinal nerve axons, 20% of CaMKIV was colocalized with the endocytic marker Rab7 in axons that highly expressed CAM‐kinase‐kinase (CAMKK), an upstream activator of CaMKIV, suggesting a role for CaMKIV in signaling though signaling endosomes. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with riboprobes, we also observed that small‐diameter neurons expressed high levels of a novel 3′ untranslated region (UTR) variant of CaMK4 mRNA. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with gene‐specific primers, and cDNA sequencing analyses we determined that the novel transcript contains an additional 10 kb beyond the annotated gene terminus to a highly conserved alternate polyadenylation site. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses of fluorescent‐activated cell sorted (FACS) DRG neurons confirmed that this 3′‐UTR‐extended variant was preferentially expressed in IB4‐binding neurons. Computational analyses of the 3′‐UTR sequence predict that UTR‐extension introduces consensus sites for RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) including the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)/Hu family proteins. We consider the possible implications of axonal CaMKIV in the context of the unique properties of IB4‐binding DRG neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:308–336, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estrogen receptor β expression in the mouse forebrain: Age and sex differences
Authors: Zuloaga Damian G. , Zuloaga Kristen L. , Hinds Laura R. , Carbone David L. , Handa Robert J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTEstrogen receptors regulate multiple brain functions, including stress, sexual, and memory‐associated behaviors as well as controlling neuroendocrine and autonomic function. During development, estrogen signaling is involved in programming adult sex differences in physiology and behavior. Expression of estrogen receptor α changes across development in a region‐specific fashion. By contrast, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in many brain regions, yet few studies have explored sex and developmental differences in its expression, largely because of the absence of selective reagents for anatomical localization of the protein. This study utilized bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing ERβ identified by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to compare expression levels and distribution of ERβ in the male and female mouse forebrain on the day of birth (P0), on postnatal day 4 (P4), and on P21. By using qualitative analysis, we mapped the distribution of ERβ‐EGFP and found developmental alterations in ERβ expression within the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamic regions including the arcuate, ventromedial, and paraventricular nuclei. We also report a sex difference in ERβ in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, with males showing greater expression at P4 and P21. Another sex difference was found in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of P21, but not P0 or P4, mice, in which ERβ‐EGFP‐immunoreactive cells were densely clustered near the third ventricle in females but not males. These developmental changes and sex differences in ERβ indicate a mechanism through which estrogens might differentially affect brain functions or program adult physiology at select times during development. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:358–371, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Data Parallel density‐based genetic clustering on CUDA Architecture
Authors: Krömer Pavel , Platoš Jan , Snášel Václav 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYEvolutionary clustering algorithms have been proven as a good ability to find clusters in data. Among their advantages belong the abilities to adapt to data and to determine the number of clusters automatically, thus requiring less a priori assumptions about analyzed objects than traditional clustering methods. Unfortunately, such a clustering by genetic algorithms and evolutionary algorithms in general suffers from high computational costs when it comes to recurrent fitness function evaluation. Computing on graphic processing units (GPUs) is a recent programming and development paradigm bringing high performance parallel computing closer to general audience. Modern general purpose GPUs are composed of tens to thousands of computational cores that can execute programs in parallel using the single instruction multiple data parallel processing approach. General purpose GPU programs need to be designed and implemented in a data parallel way and with respect to the architecture of target devices to fully utilize their high performance. This study presents a design, implementation, and evaluation of a data parallel genetic algorithm for density‐based clustering. The algorithm was implemented and evaluated on the nVidia Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social rational secure multi‐party computation
Authors: Wang Yilei , Liu Zhe , Wang Hao , Xu Qiuliang 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYRational party is a new kind of parties who behave neither like honest parties nor like malicious adversaries. The crux point of rational party is the definition of the utility function, as rational parties only care about how to maximize their utility. In other words, rational parties choose the strategies, which can bring them the highest utilities. In rational secure two‐party computation protocol, the main task is how to boost mutual cooperation to complete the protocol. Social rational secure multi‐party computation (SRSMPC) means that in a social network, some distributed and rational parties with reputation properties want to jointly compute a functionality. The seemingly simple task becomes tough under three conditions. The first condition is that the network composed by parties may not be complete. That is, two parties may not be neighbors and they are connected through other parties. The second is that the network may be not secure. That is, messages may be tempered by malicious parties. The third condition is that parties may run the protocol under incomplete information scenario. That is, parties may have types and each type has a corresponding utility function. Under the first and second conditions, parties need to consider how to securely transmit messages between two parties who are not neighbors. Under the third condition, we propose the Tit‐for‐Tat strategy and prove that mutual cooperation is a sequential equilibrium between two parties. In this paper, we construct an SRSMPC protocol by using mechanism design under incomplete information to facilitate the implementation of the SRSMPC protocol within constant rounds. Meanwhile, newcomers are allowed to participate in the protocol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first social rational secure computation protocol for multi‐party under an incomplete information scenario and an incomplete network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innovative design methodologies in quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Agrawal Puneet , Ghosh Bahniman 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCurrent transistor‐based IC fabrication technology faces many trivial issues such as those of excess power dissipation, expensive fabrication and short channel effects at very low device size [1]. Quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA)‐based digital electronics on the other hand provide scope for further development in the future by shrinking the device size. Current QCA logic circuits are based on logic synthesis using Inverters and (three or five input) Majority Gates. In this paper, a new design methodology has been described that can be used to create circuits with even greater device substrate densities than what are currently achieved in existing QCA designs. Based on the proposed methodology, a new QCA inverter is proposed. It is further tested through simulations on QCA Designer. Through the simulations, it is subsequently proved to be much more reliable and robust than the presently used common QCA inverter(s). In the second section of this paper, simple QCA circuits such as ring oscillators using odd number of inverters in daisy chains are described and designed using the proposed inverter design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organoantimony(V) Phosphinates, Phosphonates, and Seleninates
Authors: Srungavruksham Nagarjuna Kumar , Baskar Viswanathan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe reaction of polymeric triphenylantimony oxide with various protic ligands like phenylphosphinic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid, tert‐butylphosphonic acid, and phenylseleninic acid has been investigated. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural elucidation revealed the formation of [Ph3Sb(HPhPO2)2]2 (1), [Ph3Sb(Ph2PO2)2] (2), [Ph3Sb(tert‐BuPO3H)2] (3), [Ph3Sb(PhSeO2)2]2 (4), and [(Ph3Sb)2(μ‐O)(μ‐PhSeO2)2] (5), respectively. Hydrolysis and dearylation of 3 yielded [(Ph2Sb)2(PhSb)(μ3‐O)(μ2‐O)2(OH)2(μ‐tBuPO3)2{(C2H5)4N}2] (6) possessing in situ generated Ph2Sb(O)(OH) and PhSbO3H2 moieties. The 31P NMR spectrum of 1 shows P–H three‐bond coupling seen for the first time in organophosphorus‐based compounds. Further 31P NMR spectroscopy at lower temperatures revealed 1 to be a fluxional molecule. 77Se NMR spectroscopy indicates the formation of different molecular clusters from crystallization processes carried out under varying solvent conditions.