bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes by Day and Night for Patients Bypassing the Emergency Department Presenting with ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Identified with a Pre‐Hospital Electrocardiogram
Authors: COCKBURN JAMES , KARIMI KEYVAN , HOO SOO , RASMUSSEN HELGE , HANSEN PETER , NELSON GREGORY , WARD MICHAEL , BHINDI RAVINAY , FIGTREE GEMMA 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundPre‐hospital ECG and emergency department (ED) bypass direct to the catheter laboratory may optimize reperfusion times for patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. Questions remain over feasibility and safety during off hours.AimsTo determine if presenting time of day is associated with differences in in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality and key reperfusion times.Methods/ResultsSeven hundred and twenty consecutive patients with STEMI triaged directly from the field to the catheter laboratory between June 2004–May 2013. Vital status was reported as of August 2013. The mean age was 65 ± 14 years, and 75.1% were male. Overall mortality (in‐hospital/30 days) did not significantly differ for patients (3.4% in hours and 3.1% off hours; P = N/S). Symptom onset‐to‐arrival to the heart attack was non‐significantly lower (100 minutes off hours (IQR 78–174) versus 110 minutes in hours (IQR 75–199), P = N/S). Call‐to‐balloon time was not significantly affected by the time of presentation: 150 min in hours (IQR 111–239) versus 154 minutes during off hours (IQR 115–225) P = N/S. Overall door‐to‐balloon time was 36 minutes (IQR 25–51), 34 minutes in hours (IQR 24–49) versus 40 minutes off hours (IQR 29–55) P = N/S. The overall false positive activation rate was only 13.1%, (in hours 12.2% vs. off hours 14.6%, respectively, P = N/S).ConclusionsIn a unit with an established field triage system facilitating ED bypass, reperfusion times and mortality are not significantly influenced by whether the patient presents during standard working hours or outside of these hours. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:24–31)
Tissue Properties of the Fossa Ovalis as They Relate to Transseptal Punctures: A Translational Approach
Authors: HOWARD STEPHEN A. , QUALLICH STEPHEN G. , BENSCOTER MARK A. , HOLMGREN BRYCE C. , ROLFES CHRISTOPHER D. , IAIZZO PAUL A. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThis study focused on how catheter size affects transseptal puncture, what transseptal indication means, and whether the swine model is predictive for humans.BackgroundTransseptal puncture is a common procedure that gains access to the left atrium, allowing percutaneous mitral valve repair, left atrial appendage closure, and left‐sided ablations. The basic approach has not changed in many years; however, the frequency of transseptal punctures and the size of devices are increasing with emerging treatments.MethodsA broad range of devices (4 F to 18  F) were advanced through atrial septa of swine hearts; some devices were inserted in both swine and human hearts using 10 F catheters.ResultsGreater forces were required to puncture through the septa of human hearts compared to those of swine. Larger catheters used in swine hearts required greater force to advance them through the septa, causing greater dilation of tissue and sometimes tearing the floor of the fossa ovalis; analyses indicated an exponential increase in the size of the iatrogenic atrial septal defect. Specific tissue property testing of the septum primum showed that this tissue sheared at a lower exerted force in a superior to inferior direction.ConclusionsResults may provide physicians with important knowledge about what to expect when treating a possible iatrogenic atrial septal defect or help them understand the consequences of transseptal punctures. Comparative data between swine and human atrial septal tissue properties provide critical insights between the species and offer clinicians and device designers important information relative to differences in tissue behaviors. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:98–108)
First‐in‐Man Study of Dedicated Bifurcation Sirolimus‐eluting Stent: 12‐month Results of BiOSS LIM® Registry
Authors: GIL ROBERT J. , BIL JACEK , VASSILIEV DOBRIN , IÑIGO GARCIA LUIS A. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThe aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety profile of a new dedicated bifurcation stent ‐ sirolimus‐eluting BiOSS LIM® (Balton, Poland) in 12‐month Registry.BackgroundThe optimal approach to coronary bifurcations treatment by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been still a subject of debate. Dedicated bifurcation stents are one of the proposed solutions.MethodsThis was the international, 3‐center registry, which enrolled patients with non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS) and stable angina. Provisional T‐stenting was the obligatory strategy of the treatment. Angiographic control was planned at 12 months. The primary endpoint was cumulative rate of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 12 months.ResultsA total of 60 patients with coronary bifurcations were enrolled (mean age 66.4 ± 11 years, 28.3% of female). There were 21.7% of patients with NSTE‐ACS, 78.3% with hypertension, 38.3% with diabetes, 28.3% had previous MI, and 46.7% and 10% underwent prior revascularization, respectively, PCI and coronary artery bypass graft. The device success rate was 100%. Side branch was treated with an additional classical drug‐eluting stent implantation in 23.3% of cases. At 12 months, the cumulative major adverse cardiovascular events rate was 11.7%. During follow‐up (11 ± 1 months) there was 1 non‐cardiac death (1.7%), 1 non‐ST‐elevated myocardial infarction (1.7%) due to restenosis and no case of stroke or in‐stent thrombosis. Overall TLR was 8.3% (clinically driven TLR – 1.7%, angiographically driven – 6.6%). Mean late lumen loss was as follows: In main vessel – 0.35 ± 0.33 mm, in main branch – 0.34 ± 0.27 mm and in side branch – 0.18 ± 0.38 mm.ConclusionDedicated bifurcation stent BiOSS® LIM proved to be feasible device, with promising safety and long‐term clinical effectiveness in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions, including distal left main stem stenosis. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:51–60)
Relative FLAIR Signal Intensities over Time in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Comparison of Two Methods
Authors: Ostwaldt Ann‐Christin , Galinovic Ivana , Hotter Benjamin , Grittner Ulrike , Nolte Christian H. , Audebert Heinrich J. , Villringer Kersten , Fiebach Jochen B. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEVisibility of lesions on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images appears indicative of the time window in acute ischemic stroke. We compared two published methods for calculation of relative FLAIR signal intensities (rSI) regarding their association with time from symptom onset in a longitudinal fashion.METHODSWe prospectively included patients receiving serial MRI examinations between 4.5 and 35 hours from symptom onset. FLAIR rSI was determined using two methods: a whole regions‐of‐interest (ROI) method and a hotspot method, selecting only a single area of visually highest signal. Signal intensity (rSI) was calculated relative to the contralateral side for each time point.RESULTSWe included 21 patients with 3‐6 MRI examinations on the first 2 days after stroke onset. FLAIR rSI determined with both methods shows a linear association with time from onset, although the hotspot results showed higher variability. Both methods with their previously published thresholds are reliable for identifying patients outside the 4.5 hours time window.CONCLUSIONBoth methods show a similar performance, and might be a suitable help for the visual assessment of FLAIR lesion visibility.
T1 Hyperintense Prepontine Mass with Restricted Diffusion—A White Epidermoid or a Neuroenteric Cyst?
Authors: Medhi Gorky , Saini Jitender , Pandey Paritosh , Mahadevan Anita , Prasad Chandrajit 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTNeuroenteric cysts (NC) are benign, congenital malformation which are of endodermal origin commonly located in the central nervous system. We report a case of intracranial NC with squamous metaplasia and xanthogranulomatous response masquerading as a white epidermoid on conventional MRI sequences. Lesion showed two components on T2W‐images. We observed differential diffusion characteristics including fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity within the two components of the lesion.
Differential Colonization Patterns of Bananas (Musa spp.) by Physiological Race 1 and Race 4 Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
Authors: Guo Lijia , Yang Laying , Liang Changcong , Wang Guofen , Dai Qingdon , Huang Junsheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is the causative agent of Fusarium wilt of bananas (Musa spp.). To clarify the colonization patterns of Foc in bananas, two green fluorescent protein‐tagged isolates, NT320 (race 1) and B2‐gfp (race 4), were used to follow infection of the banana varieties Pisang Awak and Brazil. Penetration and colonization of both isolates in roots of these two banana varieties were observed within 6 days, but sporulation in xylem vessels was not observed until day 30 postinoculation. Interestingly, B2‐gfp penetrated into xylem vessels of Pisang Awak banana roots more quickly than NT320, implying that the race 4 isolate is more virulent than the race 1 isolate. This result was further confirmed by comparing the disease severity of plants inoculated with NT320 with that of plants inoculated with B2‐gfp. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that some pathogenicity‐associated genes, including Fga1, Fhk1, Fow2 and Ste12, were upregulated by B2‐gfp during exposure to Brazil bananas, while they were either downregulated by NT320 or not significantly changed. These data might partly explain why the race 4 isolate was more virulent than the race 1 isolate.
The impact of perinatal depression on exclusive breastfeeding: a cohort study
Authors: Rahman Atif , Hafeez Assad , Bilal Rakshanda , Sikander Siham , Malik Abid , Minhas Fareed , Tomenson Barbara , Creed Francis 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPerinatal depression is associated with infant undernutrition. We hypothesised that perinatal depression was associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and reduced quantity of breast milk in rural Pakistan. We used a prospective cohort design to study a population‐based sample of 132 depressed and 147 non‐depressed women from the third trimester of pregnancy to 6 months post‐natal. Current major depressive episode was measured in the third trimester and 6 months post‐natal using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Diagnosis. In a convenience sample of 24 depressed and 31 non‐depressed exclusively breastfeeding mothers, breast milk quantity was assessed (mL kg−1 infant weight per 24 h) at 4 months using the dose‐to‐mother deuterium dilution method. We administered also the Perception of Insufficient Milk questionnaire at 6 months post‐natal. Depression was associated with fewer days of exclusive breastfeeding (91.8 (SD = 47.1) vs. 108.7 days (SD = 54.3) (95% CI: 3.4 to 30.3 P = 0.014). Women with persistent depression ceased exclusive breastfeed earliest. There was no difference in the quantity of breast milk produced by depressed and non‐depressed mothers: 89.3 (SD = 38.1) vs. 83.9 (29.0) ml/kg infant wt/24 hours, P = 0.57. Depressed mothers were significantly more likely to report insufficient milk: PIM scores were 34.4 (SD = 14.3) for depressed and 39.7 (SD = 10.4) for non‐depressed women (P = 0.004). In Cox regression PIM score mediated the association between depression and early cessation of breastfeeding. In this area of rural Pakistan, perinatal depression is associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and this is associated with mothers' perceptions of insufficiency of breast milk but not reduced milk production.
Variation in promiscuity and sexual selection drives avian rate of Faster‐Z evolution
Authors: Wright Alison E. , Harrison Peter W. , Zimmer Fabian , Montgomery Stephen H. , Pointer Marie A. , Mank Judith E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHigher rates of coding sequence evolution have been observed on the Z chromosome relative to the autosomes across a wide range of species. However, despite a considerable body of theory, we lack empirical evidence explaining variation in the strength of the Faster‐Z Effect. To assess the magnitude and drivers of Faster‐Z Evolution, we assembled six de novo transcriptomes, spanning 90 million years of avian evolution. Our analysis combines expression, sequence and polymorphism data with measures of sperm competition and promiscuity. In doing so, we present the first empirical evidence demonstrating the positive relationship between Faster‐Z Effect and measures of promiscuity, and therefore variance in male mating success. Our results from multiple lines of evidence indicate that selection is less effective on the Z chromosome, particularly in promiscuous species, and that Faster‐Z Evolution in birds is due primarily to genetic drift. Our results reveal the power of mating system and sexual selection in shaping broad patterns in genome evolution.
Host preferences of ornithophilic biting midges of the genus Culicoides in the Eastern Balkans
Authors: BOBEVA A. , ZEHTINDJIEV P. , ILIEVA M. , DIMITROV D. , MATHIS A. , BENSCH S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMany biting midges of the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are competent vectors of a diverse number of pathogens. The identification of their feeding behaviour and of vector–host associations is essential for understanding their transmission capacity. By applying two different nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, of which one targeted the avian cyt b gene and the other targeted the COI gene of a wide range of vertebrates, we identified the blood hosts of six biting midge species including Culicoides circumscriptus, Culicoides festivipennis, Culicoides punctatus, Culicoides pictipennis, Culicoides alazanicus and Culicoides cf. griseidorsum, the latter two of which are reported in Bulgaria for the first time. Bird DNA was found in 50.6% of 95 investigated bloodmeals, whereas mammalian DNA was identified in 13.7%. Two Culicoides species were found to feed on both birds and mammals. There was remarkable diversity in the range of avian hosts: 23 species from four orders were identified in the abdomens of four Culicoides species. The most common bird species identified was the magpie, Pica pica (n = 7), which was registered in all four ornithophilic biting midge species. Six bloodmeals from the great tit, Parus major, were recorded only in C. alazanicus. None of the studied species of Culicoides appeared to be restricted to a single avian host.
Development of a guideline for the management of the unanticipated difficult airway in pediatric practice
Authors: Black Ann E. , Flynn Paul E.R. , Smith Helen L. , Thomas Mark L. , Wilkinson Kathy A. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundMost airway problems in children are identified in advance; however, unanticipated difficulties can arise and may result in serious complications. Training for these sporadic events can be difficult. We identified the need for a structured guideline to improve clinical decision making in the acute situation and also to provide a guide for teaching.ObjectiveGuidelines for airway management in adults are widely used; however, none have been previously devised for national use in children. We aimed to develop guidelines for the management of the unanticipated difficult pediatric airway for use by anesthetists working in the nonspecialist pediatric setting.MethodWe reviewed available guidelines used in individual hospitals. We also reviewed research into airway management in children and graded papers for the level of evidence according to agreed criteria. A Delphi panel comprising 27 independent consultant anesthetists considered the steps of the acute airway management guidelines to reach consensus on the best interventions to use and the order in which to use them. If following the literature review and Delphi feedback, there was insufficient evidence or lack of consensus, regarding inclusion of a particular point; this was reviewed by a Second Specialist Group comprising 10 pediatric anesthetists.ResultsUsing the Delphi group's deliberations and feedback from the Second Specialist Group, we developed three guidelines for the acute airway management of children aged 1–8 years.ConclusionsThis paper provides the background, available evidence base, and justification for each step in the resultant guidelines and gives a rationale for their use.
Comparisons of recursive partitioning analysis and conventional methods for selection of uncuffed endotracheal tubes for pediatric patients
Authors: Cho Ah Reum , Kim Eun Soo , Lee Do Won , Hong Jung Min , Kwon Jae Young , Kim Hae Kyu , Kim Tae Kyun 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundNumerous studies have investigated the best method of selecting the appropriate size of endotracheal tube (ETT) for children. However, none of the methods or formulae for selection of ETT size have shown better prediction over another, and they have required complex formulae calculation or even use of cumbersome equipment. Recursive partitioning analysis creates a decision tree that is more likely to enable clearer and easier visualization of decision charts compared to other data mining methods.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to develop a clinically practical and intuitive chart for prediction of ETT size.MethodsPediatric patients aged 2–9 years undergoing general anesthesia were intubated with uncuffed ETT. The tube size was considered optimal when a tracheal leak was detected at an inflation pressure between 10 and 25 cmH2O. The observed ETT size was compared with the predicted ETT size calculated using Cole's formula, multivariate regression analysis, ultrasonographic measurements, and recursive partitioning tree structure analysis. Preference among the prediction methods was also investigated by asking physicians about their preference of methods.ResultsCorrect prediction rates were 33.3%, 50%, 61.9%, and 59.5%, and close prediction rates were 61.9%, 83.3%, 88.1%, and 93.7% for Cole's formulae, multivariate regression analysis, ultrasonographic measurements, and recursive partitioning tree model, respectively. Fourteen of 16 physicians prefer to use the easy‐to‐interpret tree model.ConclusionsAnalysis of the tree model by recursive partitioning structure analysis accomplished a high correct and close prediction rate for selection of an appropriate ETT size. The intuitive and easy‐to‐interpret tree model would be a quick and helpful tool for selection of an ETT tube for pediatric patients.
Functional analyses of cellulose synthase genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum) by virus‐induced gene silencing
Authors: Chantreau Maxime , Chabbert Brigitte , Billiard Sylvain , Hawkins Simon , Neutelings Godfrey 
Published: February 2015

SummaryFlax (Linum usitatissimum) bast fibres are located in the stem cortex where they play an important role in mechanical support. They contain high amounts of cellulose and so are used for linen textiles and in the composite industry. In this study, we screened the annotated flax genome and identified 14 distinct cellulose synthase (CESA) genes using orthologous sequences previously identified. Transcriptomics of ‘primary cell wall’ and ‘secondary cell wall’ flax CESA genes showed that some were preferentially expressed in different organs and stem tissues providing clues as to their biological role(s) in planta. The development for the first time in flax of a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach was used to functionally evaluate the biological role of different CESA genes in stem tissues. Quantification of transcript accumulation showed that in many cases, silencing not only affected targeted CESA clades, but also had an impact on other CESA genes. Whatever the targeted clade, inactivation by VIGS affected plant growth. In contrast, only clade 1‐ and clade 6‐targeted plants showed modifications in outer‐stem tissue organization and secondary cell wall formation. In these plants, bast fibre number and structure were severely impacted, suggesting that the targeted genes may play an important role in the establishment of the fibre cell wall. Our results provide new fundamental information about cellulose biosynthesis in flax that should facilitate future plant improvement/engineering.
Electron Spin Exchange in Linked Phenothiazine–Viologen Charge Transfer Complexes Incorporated in “Through‐Ring” (Rotaxane) α‐Cyclodextrins
Authors: Yonemura Hiroaki , Forbes Malcolm D. E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA series of covalently bound phenothiazine (PHZ) donor and methylviologen (V) acceptor compounds with polymethylene chain spacers (C8, C10, C12) were incorporated in a “through‐ring” (rotaxane) fashion to α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) hosts such that the alkyl chains were fully extended, with the donor and acceptor on opposite sides of the α‐CD cylinder. Photoexcitation of the PHZ unit induces electron transfer from the PHZ first excited triplet state to the V moiety, forming a biradicaloid charge‐separated state. Time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy at the X‐band and Q‐band microwave frequencies was used to investigate the spin exchange interaction, J, in these biradicaloids. Simulation of the spectra using a “static” model for spin‐correlated radical pairs allows extraction of the J values, which are negative in sign and have absolute values range from 2 to 1000 Gauss. Comparison of the PHZnV (n = 8, 10, 12) spectra to those obtained using phenyl ether spacers indicates that π‐bonds may assist the electronic coupling. The results are discussed in terms of through‐bond vs through‐space electronic coupling mechanisms.
Immunology in wild nonmodel rodents: an ecological context for studies of health and disease
Authors: Jackson J. A. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryTranscriptomic methods are set to revolutionize the study of the immune system in naturally occurring nonmodel organisms. With this in mind, the present article focuses on ways in which the use of ‘nonmodel’ rodents (not the familiar laboratory species) can advance studies into the classical, but ever relevant, epidemiologic triad of immune defence, infectious disease and environment. For example, naturally occurring rodents are an interesting system in which to study the environmental stimuli that drive the development and homeostasis of the immune system and, by extension, to identify where these stimuli are altered in anthropogenic environments leading to the formation of immunopathological phenotypes. Measurement of immune expression may help define individual heterogeneity in infectious disease susceptibility and transmission and facilitate our understanding of infection dynamics and risk in the natural environment; furthermore, it may provide a means of surveillance that can filter individuals carrying previously unknown acute infections of potential ecological or zoonotic importance. Finally, the study of immunology in wild animals may reveal interactions within the immune system and between immunity and other organismal traits that are not observable under restricted laboratory conditions. Potentiating much of this is the possibility of combining gene expression profiles with analytical tools derived from ecology and systems biology to reverse engineer interaction networks between immune responses, other organismal traits and the environment (including symbiont exposures), revealing regulatory architecture. Such holistic studies promise to link ecology, epidemiology and immunology in natural systems in a unified approach that can illuminate important problems relevant to human health and animal welfare and production.