bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Tuning” the body of the classical musician
Authors: Gabor Elena 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper was to investigate the role of the body in the vocational anticipatory socialization (VAS) processes of classical musicians.Design/methodology/approach– Using grounded theory, the paper analyzed semi-structured interviews with 48 musicians (27 children; 21 parents) to understand how classical musicians’ bodies intermediate the meaning of work. The Aristotelian concepts of potentiality and actuality frame this study.Findings– The paper reveals that: “tuning” bodies is as important as tuning instruments (body as object of work), and diseases, occupational injuries, and accidents pose challenges to both health and performance (body as obstacle).Research limitations/implications– Theoretically, the paper contributes the notion that phases of VAS are fused not just through cognitive and relational processes, but also through embodied learning for classical musicians.Practical implications– At the practical level, the paper reminds that the body is an important source of vocational socialization information.Originality/value– The paper is filling a gap in organizational literature, which has under addressed the materiality of the body.
The kaleidic world of entrepreneurs
Authors: H. Chiles Todd , R.S.T.A. Elias Sara , G. Zarankin Tal , M. Vultee Denise 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Austrian economics figures centrally in organizational entrepreneurship research. However, researchers have focussed almost entirely on the Austrian school's “gales of creative destruction” and “entrepreneurial discovery” metaphors, which are rooted in equilibrium assumptions and thus downplay the more subjective and dynamic aspects of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to question such assumptions, proposing instead a “kaleidic” metaphor drawn from the radical subjectivist strand of Austrian economics. The paper develops, grounds, and enriches the theoretical concepts this metaphor embodies in order to advance the general understanding of entrepreneurship as a radically subjective, disequilibrium phenomenon, as well as the specific knowledge of entrepreneurs’ career and venture experiences. In doing so, the paper highlights creative imagination as a wellspring of entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper employs a case study design to inductively develop the theoretical concepts embodied in the kaleidic metaphor and deductively ground them in the accounts 12 entrepreneurs provided about their career and venture experiences. The paper employs symbolist methods to develop thicker descriptions, generate alternative understandings, and facilitate richer interpretations. Moreover, the paper adopts a reflexive approach in considering the study's implications.

Findings
– The results suggest the kaleidic metaphor comprises five overarching ideas that resonate, often very strongly, with entrepreneurs.

Originality/value
– The study is the first to theoretically develop and empirically ground the ideas the kaleidic metaphor embodies. The paper contributes to a growing body of conceptual work and joins a handful of empirical studies by organizational entrepreneurship scholars using the radical Austrian perspective.
Immunohistochemical characterization of non‐epithelial cells in spiradenoma
Authors: Iida Kohji , Iwai Shinsaku , Hosaka Hiroomi , Kitami Yuki , Akiyama Masaki , Suzuki Takao , Sueki Hirohiko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSpiradenoma is unique with respect to the presence of a large number of non‐epithelial cells, including S100 protein+ cells, most of which are presumably Langerhans cells, in the parenchyma as shown in the published work. However, the characterization of these non‐epithelial cells to date is insufficient. Immunohistochemistry of CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, CD68, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), and HLA‐DR, as well as double‐immunofluorescence labeling of S100 protein/CD1a and CD1a/CD3, was performed using paraffin‐embedded specimens from five cases of spiradenoma retrospectively. Non‐epithelial cells evenly distributed throughout the parenchyma of spiradenoma primarily consisted of CD1a+ Langerhans cells and CD3+ T cells. ICAM‐1 was expressed by epithelial cells and non‐epithelial cells in the parenchyma. HLA‐DR on the epithelial cells was limited to the focal area. In double‐immunofluorescence labeling, approximately one‐half of Langerhans cells were spatially related to T cells in the parenchyma, suggesting their functional interaction.
Managers' Choices of Performance Measures in Promotion Decisions: An Analysis of Alternative Job Assignments
Authors: GRABNER ISABELLA , MOERS FRANK 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigate the choice of performance measures in promotion decisions. In particular, we examine the extent to which managers incorporate different performance measures for different types of job assignment. Based on a simple theoretical framework, we predict that, in making promotion decisions, the weight on current job performance decreases with increases in the change in tasks upon promotion, while the weight on subjective assessments of ability increases. This result basically follows from the premise that, with increased changes in tasks between hierarchical levels, the ability to master the current job says little about the ability needed in the next job, which makes current job performance less informative and increases the emphasis on subjective assessments. Using panel data of a retail bank, we find that individual managers behave according to our predictions. By examining the choice of performance measures in promotion decisions, we are able to provide unique insights into the incentive versus sorting roles of promotions, which has important implications for performance measurement and incentive system design.
Ischemic Stroke and Intestinal Bleeding Under Dabigatran in Metabolic Myopathy
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Stöllberger Claudia , Paul Gernot , Bastovansky Adam 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectivesThe subsequent occurrence of an ischemic thromboembolic event and a bleeding shortly after discontinuation of dabigatran has not been published.Case reportIn an 89‐year‐old female with atrial fibrillation dabigatran had been started 11 days before admission, following a transitory ischemic attack. Phenprocoumon had been stopped 1 month earlier because of a hematoma after a fall. Although dabigatran was discontinued already on hospital day 1, she experienced an intestinal bleeding on hospital day three and an ischemic stroke on hospital day 6. As blood coagulation parameters were still abnormal on hospital day 2, intestinal bleeding was attributed to the prolonged antithrombotic effect or the interaction of dabigatran with the comedication. Stroke was attributed to the absence of a sufficient antithrombotic effect or a rebound effect 5 days after discontinuation of dabigatran. Clinical neurological examination additionally suggested a neuromuscular disorder.ConclusionsIschemic stroke and intestinal bleeding may consecutively occur shortly after stopping dabigatran. Coagulation parameters may remain abnormal even 2 days after discontinuation of dabigatran. Dabigatran should be applied with caution in elderly patients with renal insufficiency who also take drugs, which enhance the absorption of dabigatran.
Influence of Feeding and Intracoronary Dose on Insulin‐Mediated Relative Akt Phosphorylation in the Porcine Myocardium
Authors: Slettom Grete , Jonassen Anne Kristine , Breivik Lars , Seifert Reinhard , Nordrehaug Jan Erik 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAimsInsulin promotes Akt‐dependent prosurvival signaling and reduces experimental ischemia reperfusion injury, but its clinical impact has been limited. Further understanding of the interplay between insulin and Akt in the myocardium of relevant large animal models is needed. We aimed to investigate (1) Akt phosphorylation, (2) influence of feeding state, and (3) impact of dose on the Akt response following intracoronary insulin administration in the nonischemic porcine heart.MethodsPigs fed 2 h preprocedure received 0.1 U (unit) or 1.0 U of insulin in the left coronary artery and fasting pigs 0.1 U. Left and right ventricle tissues harvested 15 min postinsulin administration were analyzed for Akt phosphorylation by densitometric analyses of total Akt and phosphorylated Akt immunoblots expressed as a ratio and normalized against left auricle biopsies at baseline.ResultsMedian relative Akt phosphorylation across all biopsy locations increased significantly from baseline in both fasting and fed animals after insulin infusion: 371.4% (P < 0.001) in the fasting‐0.1 U insulin group, 202.7% (P = 0.003) in the fed‐1.0 U group and 131.5% (P < 0.001) in the fed‐0.1 U group. The increase was significantly higher for the fasting‐0.1 U and the fed‐1.0 U groups as compared with the fed‐0.1 U group. Baseline serum glucose in fed and fasting pigs was 6.3 ± 0.3 versus 5.2 ± 0.4 mm (P = 0.050), respectively.ConclusionsPreexperimental feeding attenuates the median relative rise in Akt phosphorylation mediated by exogenous insulin in the porcine heart, and higher insulin doses are therefore required in fed compared with fasting animals.
Quantifying spatial phylogenetic structures of fully stem‐mapped plant communities
Authors: Shen Guochun , Wiegand Thorsten , Mi Xiangcheng , He Fangliang 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Analysis of the phylogenetic similarity of co‐occurring species at different spatial scales is increasingly used for decoding community assembly rules. Here, we integrated the analysis of phylobetadiversity and marked point pattern analysis to yield a new metric, the phylogenetic mark correlation function, kd(r), to quantify spatial phylogenetic structure of fully stem‐mapped communities.
kd(r) is defined as the expected phylogenetic distance of two heterospecifics separated by spatial distance r, and normalized with the expected phylogenetic distance of two heterospecifics taken randomly from a study area. It measures spatial phylogenetic turnover relative to spatial species turnover and is closely related with the spatially explicit Simpson index.
We used simulated fully stem‐mapped plant communities with known spatial phylogenetic structures to assess type I and II errors of the phylogenetic mark correlation function kd(r) under a null model of random phylogenetic spatial structure, and to test the ability of the kd(r) to detect scale‐dependent signals of phylogenetic spatial structure. We also compared the performance of the kd(r) with two existing measures of phylobetadiversity that have been previously used to analyse fully stem‐mapped plots. Finally, we explored the spatial phylogenetic structure of a 24‐ha fully stem‐mapped subtropical forest in China.
Simulation tests showed that the new metric yielded correct type I and type II errors and accurately detected the spatial scales at which various processes (e.g. habitat filtering and competition) were invoked to generate spatial phylogenetic structures. The power of the kd(r) was not affected by a phylogenetic signal in species abundance and different topologies of the phylogenetic tree.
Replacing phylogenetic distance by functional distance allows for application of the kd(r) to estimate spatial correlations in functional community structure. Thus, the kd(r) allows trait and phylogenetic structure to be analysed in the same framework. The phylogenetic mark correlation function is a powerful and accurate tool for revealing scale‐dependent phylogenetic/functional footprints in community assemblages and allows ecologists to keep up with the increasingly available data of fully stem‐mapped plots, functional traits and community phylogenies.
Anaphylactic responses to histamine in mice utilize both histamine receptors 1 and 2
Authors: Wechsler J. B. , Schroeder H. A. , Byrne A. J. , Chien K. B. , Bryce P. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life‐threatening reaction that can occur in response to common triggers, including food allergens (e.g., peanut), insect stings, and several medications. Activation of mast cells and basophils to release preformed mediators, such as histamine, is thought to be an important process that underlies reactions. Histamine can exert effects through four different receptors, termed H1R–H4R. Despite clinical use of both H1R and H2R blockers in the therapy for acute allergic reactions, there is little mechanistic evidence to support the necessity for blocking H2R, a receptor best characterized for its role in stomach acid production.MethodsHere, we sought to define the necessity for histamine receptors in the pathology of anaphylaxis using H1R and H2R knockout (KO) mice, as well as a H1R/H2R double KO strain.ResultsIn response to IgE‐mediated systemic anaphylaxis, the symptoms and decreases in core body temperature observed in wild‐type mice were reduced but not ablated in either H1R or H2R KO. In contrast, H1R/H2R KO were significantly protected and were indistinguishable from histamine‐deficient mice. Intravenous injection of histamine was sufficient to elicit these responses, and similar to IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis, loss of both H1R and H2R was necessary for complete protection.ConclusionOur data demonstrate definitively that both H1R and H2R participate in the immediate systemic responses during histamine‐associated pathophysiology and mechanistically support the utility of H2R‐blocking therapeutics in alleviating symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Protein Kinase C and its Inhibitors in the Regulation of Inflammation: Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase as an Example
Authors: Leppänen Tiina , Tuominen Raimo K. , Moilanen Eeva 
Published: October 2013

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) is a family of ten isoenzymes that play a crucial role in cellular signal transduction. Studies with PKC knockout animals have revealed that many of the isoenzymes are involved in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Several PKC isoenzymes have also been shown to be important mediators in inflammation and immunity, particularly in lymphocyte responses. However, less is known about the role of PKC in the regulation of the expression of inflammatory genes. In inflammatory processes, nitric oxide is primarily produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. In innate immunity, nitric oxide functions as an effector molecule towards the infectious organisms. Increased levels of nitric oxide are also produced by inflammatory and tissue cells in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and arthritis. In this MiniReview, the role of PKC isoenzymes in the pathogenesis and as a potential drug target in inflammation will be discussed presenting iNOS as an example of an inflammatory gene regulated by the pleiotropic PKC signalling pathway.
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a promising novel targeted treatment for B cell lymphomas
Authors: Aalipour Amin , Advani Ranjana H. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryConstitutive or aberrant signalling of the B cell receptor signalling cascade has been implicated in the propagation and maintenance of a variety of B cell malignancies. Small molecule inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a protein early in this cascade and specifically expressed in B cells, have emerged as a new class of targeted agents. There are several BTK inhibitors, including ONO‐WG‐307, LFM‐A13, dasatinib, CC‐292, and PCI‐32765 (ibrutinib), in preclinical and/or clinical development of which ibrutinib is currently in phase III trials. Recent clinical data suggest significant activity of ibrutinib as a first in class oral inhibitor of BTK. This review provides an overview of ongoing clinical studies of BTK inhibitors.
Can we improve the definition of high‐risk, hormone naïve, non‐metastatic prostate cancer?
Authors: Tombal Bertrand , Alcaraz Antonio , James Nicholas , Valdagni Riccardo , Irani Jacques 
Published: October 2013

To identify criteria beyond Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis (TMN)‐, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐ and Gleason score‐based standard classifications to enhance the stratification of non‐metastatic high‐risk prostate cancer.
A detailed search of the literature was performed using PubMed.
The authors reviewed the literature and used a modified Delphi approach to identify relevant approaches to enhance standard classifications.
Specific criteria for high‐risk prostate cancer vary across guidelines and clinical trials, reflecting the differing perspectives concerning the definition of ‘risk’ between different specialities within the urology/radiation oncology community. In addition to the present classifications, evidence exists that the measure of cancer volume can provide additional prognostic value.
More accurate imaging, especially multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can also provide information concerning staging and cancer volume, and thus may assist in the identification of patients with high‐risk prostate cancer.
A refined definition of non‐metastatic high‐risk prostate cancer is proposed.
Within this high‐risk cohort, patients with multiple high‐risk criteria are especially at risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality.
Single doses of THC and cocaine decrease proficiency of impulse control in heavy cannabis users
Authors: van Wel J H P , Kuypers K P C , Theunissen E L , Toennes S W , Spronk D B , Verkes R J , Ramaekers J G 
Published: October 2013

Background and PurposeCannabis is the most popular drug used in the European Union, closely followed by cocaine. Whereas cannabis impairs neurocognitive function in occasional cannabis users, such impairments appear less prominent in heavy users, possibly as a result of tolerance. The present study was designed to assess whether the impairing effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in heavy cannabis users would present in a wide range of neuropsychological functions or selectively affect specific performance domains. We also assessed the acute effects of cocaine on neurocognitive functions of heavy cannabis users.Experimental ApproachHeavy cannabis users, who had a history of cocaine use (n = 61), participated in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, three‐way crossover study. Subjects received single doses of cocaine HCl (300 mg), cannabis (THC 300 μg·kg−1) and placebo, and completed a number of tests measuring impulse control and psychomotor function.Key ResultsSingle doses of cannabis impaired psychomotor function and increased response errors during impulsivity tasks. Single doses of cocaine improved psychomotor function and decreased response time in impulsivity tasks, but increased errors.Conclusions and ImplicationsHeavy cannabis users display impairments in a broad range of neuropsychological domains during THC intoxication. Impairments observed in psychomotor tasks, but not in impulsivity tasks, appeared smaller in magnitude as compared with those previously reported in occasional cannabis users. Heavy cannabis users were sensitive to the stimulating and inhibitory effects of cocaine on psychomotor function and impulsivity respectively. The reduction in proficiency in impulse control may put drug users at increased risk of repeated drug use and addiction.
Transport of Pru p 3 across gastrointestinal epithelium – an essential step towards the induction of food allergy?
Authors: Tordesillas L. , Gómez‐Casado C. , Garrido‐Arandia M. , Murua‐García A. , Palacín A. , Varela J. , Konieczna P. , Cuesta‐Herranz J. , Akdis C. A. , O'Mahony L. , Díaz‐Perales A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundSince intestinal absorption of food protein can trigger an allergic reaction, the effect of plant food allergen on intestinal epithelial cell permeability and its ability to cross the epithelial monolayer was evaluated.ObjectiveTo study the interaction of Pru p 3 with intestinal epithelium, its natural entrance, analyzing transport kinetics and cellular responses that trigger.MethodsThis was achieved using Pru p 3, the peach LTP, as a model. Enterocytic monolayers were established by culturing Caco 2 cells, as a model of enterocytes, on permeable supports that separate the apical and basal compartments. Pru p 3 was added to the apical compartment, the transepithelial resistance (TEER) was measured, and the transport was quantified.ResultsThe peach allergen that crossed the cell monolayer was detected in the cell fraction and in the basal medium by immunodetection with specific antibodies and the quantity was measured by ELISA assay. Pru p 3 was able to cross the monolayer without disturbing the integrity of the tight junctions. This transport was significantly higher than that of a non‐allergenic peach LTP, LTP1, and occurred via lipid raft pathway. The incubation of Caco 2 cells with Pru p 3 and LTP1 produced the expression of epithelial‐specific cytokines TSLP, IL33 and IL25.ConclusionThese results suggest that Pru p 3 was able to cross the cell monolayer by the transcellular route and then induce the production of Th2 cytokines. The results of the present study represent a step towards clarifying the importance of Pru p 3 as a sensitizer.Clinical relevanceThe capacity of food allergens to cross the intestinal monolayer could explain their high allergenic capacity and its fast diffusion through the body associating to severe symptoms.
Comparison ofSLA®orSLActive®implants placed in the maxillary sinus with or without synthetic bone graft materials – an animal study in sheep
Authors: Philipp Alexander , Duncan Warwick , Roos Malgorzata , Hämmerle Christoph H. , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo assess the influence of an activated implant surface and a synthetic graft material in the maxillary sinus in combination with sinus floor elevation on bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) as compared to implants with conventional surfaces.Material and methodsIn 16 sheep, sinus bone augmentation was performed using a synthetic bone graft material according to the methods described by Haas et al (Clinical Oral Implants Research,9, 1998, 107;Clinical Oral Implants Research,13, 2002, 396). Another 16 sheep received a sinus floor elevation procedure without graft material. Using a paired design, in one sinus of each animal, a conventional implant was placed, whereas an implant with activated surface was placed in the other. Eight animals of each group were sacrificed at 12 weeks and the others at 26 weeks after surgery. Histological analysis was performed to analyseBIC. Results were statistically compared at a significance level ofP < 0.05.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, theBICfor conventional and activated implants with or without graft showed comparable results, with mean values of 14.8%, 16.5%, 21.5% and 20.1% (P > 0.05). For ungrafted sinuses after 26 weeks, no increase inBICwas recorded (12.1% conventional surface, 15.8% activated surface;P > 0.05). In grafted sinuses after 26 weeks, mean values increased to 28.7% for conventional and 34.1% for activated implants (P = 0.014;P = 0.015). However, onlyBICof the latter was statistically significantly higher compared with ungrafted sinuses (P = 0.038).ConclusionAfter 12 weeks of healing, neither grafting nor implant type seemed to influenceBIC. Use of an activated implant surface did not increaseBICwhen compared with a conventional implant. The synthetic graft seemed to improveBICvalues after 26 weeks.