bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demography and foraging ecology of Chelonia mydas on tropical shallow reefs in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Jardim Adriana , López-Mendilaharsu Milagros , Barros Francisco 
Published: October 2015

Long-term tagging studies, particularly those that target life stages away from nesting beaches can provide important insights in key life history traits, which are essential for the effective management of endangered species. The coast of Bahia hosts important green turtle foraging areas, but information on demography, spatial use and foraging ecology in this region is lacking. Here, we (1) examined the size-class structure of green turtles in Bahia, (2) compared the size distribution from Bahia to other foraging aggregations in Brazil, and (3) studied the somatic growth dynamics. Additionally, we investigated the (4) diet, (5) habitat use and (6) activity patterns of green turtles along shallow reefs in Bahia. From 2009 to 2013, 322 green turtles were captured and 44 were recaptured between 7 and 1218 days after initial tagging. Curved carapace length varied from 32.9 to 122.5 cm. Mean annual growth rate was 3.03 ± 1.18 cm year−1. The diet of the turtles was mainly composed of red algae of the family Gelidiaceae, Gelidiellaceae and Cystocloniaceae. There was a positive relationship between the abundance of red algae and the number of turtle sightings, with a significant increase in foraging activity during late afternoon. This study highlights the importance of this area as a mixed foraging aggregation of juvenile and adult green turtles, and reveals that foraging grounds for this species in Brazil exhibit southern immature-dominated assemblages and northern mixed aggregations. Areas with high aggregation of green turtles comprising individuals from different life stages must be targeted for conservation management.
Morphological and molecular systematics of the ‘Cliona viridiscomplex’ from south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Leal Camille V. , De Paula Thiago S. , Lôbo-Hajdu Gisele , Schönberg Christine H. L. , Esteves Eduardo L. 
Published: October 2015

Bioeroding sponges of theCliona viridisspecies complex play a large role in carbonate cycling and reef health. In the present study we provide the first record and a description of a Mediterranean lineage ofC. viridis(Schmidt, 1862) in the south-western Atlantic. Specimens were collected in Maricás Archipelago, Rio de Janeiro State in September 2010 by scuba diving at 10–12 m depth and deposited in the Porifera collection of Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Morphologically, the specimens presently examined are very similar to those described in the beta and gamma growth form from the Mediterranean. The Brazilian and Mediterranean specimens share large and irregular papillae over 2 cm in diameter, megasclere tylostyles up to 500 µm long and microsclere spirasters with up to five twists and 34 µm long. A Maximum Likelihood analysis of 28S rDNA ofC. viridis, C. aprica, C. jullieni, C. schmidtiandC. varianswas performed for a genetic identification of the Brazilian specimens. The Brazilian material is phylogenetically closer to the MediterraneanC. viridisthan to the Caribbean and Indian Ocean members of this species complex included in the present analysis. Our results suggest thatC. viridisis a cryptogenic species with a distribution extending from the Mediterranean to the eastern Atlantic and in the SE Brazilian coast or further.
‘Terra firma’: a myth in secondary accounts of the meeting between theFramandTerra Novaexpeditions, 4 February 1911
Authors: May Karen 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article the author isolates an anecdote from Roland Huntford's account of the Scott and Amundsen expeditions’ meeting on 4 February 1911 at Framheim, the Norwegian base in the Bay of Whales. In this anecdote, Lieutenant Victor Campbell allegedly told Roald Amundsen that a British motor sledge was ‘already onterra firma’, which consequently led Amundsen to worry that a British motor-sledge had already travelled across the Great Ice Barrier to reach the Beardmore Glacier. The author demonstrates the primary evidence that indicates that this anecdote is unrealistic: Amundsen's journal further indicates that he did not consider Scott's vehicles a threat. This ‘terra firma’ myth has skewed our modern understanding of events, ascribing to Amundsen an erroneous motivation (a supposed fear of the British motor sledges) to explain and excuse his too-early start for the south pole in September 1911, which was an error that nearly led to a Norwegian death (that of Lieutenant Kristian Prestrud). In reality, fear of Scott's motor sledges was not the reason for Amundsen's ‘false start’. This article concludes with a discussion on the hazards of attributing ‘hidden motivations’ to historical figures without citation of primary evidence, and recommends that Huntford include clearly-cited references and endnotes for the next edition of his joint biography of Scott and Amundsen, in keeping with modern standards of scholarship.
Meta-analysis of Theory of Mind (ToM) impairment in bipolar disorder
Authors: Bora E. , Bartholomeusz C. , Pantelis C. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundTheory of mind (ToM) dysfunction is prominent in a number of psychiatric disorders, in particular, autism and schizophrenia, and can play a significant role in poor functioning. There is now emerging evidence suggesting that ToM abilities are also impaired in bipolar disorder (BP); however, the relationship between ToM deficits and mood state is not clear.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of ToM studies in BP. Thirty-four studies comparing 1214 patients with BP and 1097 healthy controls were included. BP groups included remitted (18 samples, 545 BP patients), subsyndromal (12 samples, 510 BP patients), and acute (manic and/or depressed) (10 samples, 159 BP patients) patients.ResultsToM performance was significantly impaired in BP compared to controls. This impairment was evident across different types of ToM tasks (including affective/cognitive and verbal/visual) and was also evident in strictly euthymic patients with BP (d= 0.50). There were no significant differences between remitted and subsyndromal samples. However, ToM deficit was significantly more severe during acute episodes (d= 1.23). ToM impairment was significantly associated with neurocognitive and particularly with manic symptoms.ConclusionSignificant but modest sized ToM dysfunction is evident in remitted and subsyndromal BP. Acute episodes are associated with more robust ToM deficits. Exacerbation of ToM deficits may contribute to the more significant interpersonal problems observed in patients with acute or subsyndromal manic symptoms. There is a need for longitudinal studies comparing the developmental trajectory of ToM deficits across the course of the illness.
Augmented base loci and restricted volumes on normal varieties, II: The case of real divisors
Authors: LOPEZ ANGELO FELICE 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLet X be a normal projective variety defined over an algebraically closed field and let Z be a subvariety. Let D be an ${\mathbb R}$-Cartier ${\mathbb R}$-divisor on X. Given an expression (*) D$\sim_{\mathbb R}$t1H1 +. . .+ tsHs with ti ∈ ${\mathbb R}$ and Hi very ample, we define the (*)-restricted volume of D to Z and we show that it coincides with the usual restricted volume when Z$\not\subseteq$B+(D). Then, using some recent results of Birkar [Bir], we generalise to ${\mathbb R}$-divisors the two main results of [BCL]: The first, proved for smooth complex projective varieties by Ein, Lazarsfeld, Mustaţă, Nakamaye and Popa, is the characterisation of B+(D) as the union of subvarieties on which the (*)-restricted volume vanishes; the second is that X − B+(D) is the largest open subset on which the Kodaira map defined by large and divisible (*)-multiples of D is an isomorphism.
Resource convertibility and ordered commutative monoids
Authors: FRITZ TOBIAS 
Published: October 2015

Resources and their use and consumption form a central part of our life. Many branches of science and engineering are concerned with the question of which given resource objects can be converted into which target resource objects. For example, information theory studies the conversion of a noisy communication channel instance into an exchange of information. Inspired by work in quantum information theory, we develop a general mathematical toolbox for this type of question. The convertibility of resources into other ones and the possibility of combining resources is accurately captured by the mathematics of ordered commutative monoids. As an intuitive example, we consider chemistry, where chemical reaction equations such as\mathrm{2H_2 + O_2} \lra \mathrm{2H_2O,}are concerned both with a convertibility relation ‘→’ and a combination operation ‘+.’ We study ordered commutative monoids from an algebraic and functional-analytic perspective and derive a wealth of results which should have applications to concrete resource theories, such as a formula for rates of conversion. As a running example showing that ordered commutative monoids are also of purely mathematical interest without the resource-theoretic interpretation, we exemplify our results with the ordered commutative monoid of graphs.While closely related to both Girard's linear logic and to Deutsch's constructor theory, our framework also produces results very reminiscent of the utility theorem of von Neumann and Morgenstern in decision theory and of a theorem of Lieb and Yngvason on the foundations of thermodynamics.Concerning pure algebra, our observation is that some pieces of algebra can be developed in a context in which equality is not necessarily symmetric, i.e. in which the equality relation is replaced by an ordering relation. For example, notions like cancellativity or torsion-freeness are still sensible and very natural concepts in our ordered setting.
Characteristics and safety of interventions and procedures performed during catheterisation of patients with congenital heart disease: early report from the national cardiovascular data registry
Authors: Holzer Ralf , Beekman Robert , Benson Lee , Bergersen Lisa , Jayaram Natalie , Jenkins Kathy , Kennedy Kevin , Moore John , Ringel Richard , Rome Jonathan , Vincent Robert , Martin Gerard R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to report procedural characteristics and adverse events on the data collected in the IMproving Paediatric and Adult Congenital Treatment registry.BackgroundThe IMproving Paediatric and Adult Congenital Treatment– registry is a catheterisation registry focussed on paediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease who are undergoing diagnostic catheterisations and catheter-based interventions. This study reports procedural characteristics and adverse events of patients who have undergone selected catheterisation procedures from January, 2011 to June, 2013.MethodsDemographic, clinical, procedural, and institutional data elements were collected at participating centres and entered via either a web-based platform or software provided by the American College of Cardiology-certified vendors, and were collected in a secure, centralised database. For the purpose of this study, procedures that were not classified as one of the ‘core’ IMproving Paediatric and Adult Congenital Treatment procedures originally chosen for additional data collection were identified and selected for further data analysis.ResultsDuring the time frame of data collection, a total of 8021 cases were classified as other procedures and/or multiple procedures. The most commonly performed case types – isolated or in combination with other procedures – were right ventricular biopsy in 3433 (42.8%), conduit/MPA interventions in 979 (12.3%), and systemic pulmonary artery collateral occlusion in 601 (7.5%). For the whole cohort, adverse events of any severity occurred in 957 (12.0%) cases, whereas major adverse events occurred in 113 (1.4%) cases; six patients (0.1%) died in the catheterisation laboratory.ConclusionsThe IMproving Paediatric and Adult Congenital Treatment registry has provided important data on the frequency and spectrum of cardiac catheterisation procedures performed in the present era. For many procedures, more data and work are needed to identify more subtle differences between case categories, especially as it relates to the incidence of major adverse events, and to further develop a risk-adjustment methodology to allow equitable comparisons among institutions.
Large Area Cryo-Planing of Vitrified Samples Using Broad-Beam Ion Milling
Authors: Chang Irene Y. T. , Joester Derk 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOn account of its excellent resolution and high throughput, cryoSEM imaging has recently seen resurgence. In this work, we report on the development of cryogenic triple ion gun milling (CryoTIGM™), a broad ion beam milling technique for cryo-planing of vitrified, “frozen-hydrated” specimens. We find that sections prepared with CryoTIGM™ are smooth over exceptionally large areas (~700,000 µm2), and reveal ultrastructural details in similar or better quality than freeze-fractured samples.
Biodegradable magnesium/iron batteries with polycaprolactone encapsulation: A microfabricated power source for transient implantable devices
Authors: Tsang Melissa , Armutlulu Andac , Martinez Adam W. , Allen Sue Ann Bidstrup , Allen Mark G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study presents the design, fabrication, and testing of biodegradable magnesium/iron batteries featuring polycaprolactone (PCL) as a packaging and functional material. The use of PCL encapsulation minimized the electrochemical cell volume and supported longer discharge lifetimes and higher discharge rates than state-of-the-art biodegradable batteries. Specifically, the electrodes were separated and insulated by a 5 µm-thick PCL layer that served as both a battery packaging material and a permeable coating for physiological solution to penetrate and activate the battery. A systematic investigation of the electrode size, discharge rates, electrolyte selection, and polymeric coating revealed the critical reactions and phenomena governing the performance of the Mg-based biodegradable batteries. Comparison with previous reports on biodegradable batteries and medical-grade non-degradable lithium-ion batteries demonstrated the superior performance of PCL-coated Mg/Fe batteries at these size scales, which exhibited an energy density of 694 Wh kg−1 and a total volume of 0.02 cm3.
Wall mechanics and exocytosis define the shape of growth domains in fission yeast
Authors: Abenza Juan F. , Couturier Etienne , Dodgson James , Dickmann Johanna , Chessel Anatole , Dumais Jacques , Salas Rafael E. Carazo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe amazing structural variety of cells is matched only by their functional diversity, and reflects the complex interplay between biochemical and mechanical regulation. How both regulatory layers generate specifically shaped cellular domains is not fully understood. Here, we report how cell growth domains are shaped in fission yeast. Based on quantitative analysis of cell wall expansion and elasticity, we develop a model for how mechanics and cell wall assembly interact and use it to look for factors underpinning growth domain morphogenesis. Surprisingly, we find that neither the global cell shape regulators Cdc42-Scd1-Scd2 nor the major cell wall synthesis regulators Bgs1-Bgs4-Rgf1 are reliable predictors of growth domain geometry. Instead, their geometry can be defined by cell wall mechanics and the cortical localization pattern of the exocytic factors Sec6-Syb1-Exo70. Forceful re-directioning of exocytic vesicle fusion to broader cortical areas induces proportional shape changes to growth domains, demonstrating that both features are causally linked.
Ribozyme-enhanced single-stranded Ago2-processed interfering RNA triggers efficient gene silencing with fewer off-target effects
Authors: Shang Renfu , Zhang Fengjuan , Xu Beiying , Xi Hairui , Zhang Xue , Wang Weihua , Wu Ligang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractShort-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) are widely used to produce small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for gene silencing. Here we design an alternative siRNA precursor, named single-stranded, Argonaute 2 (Ago2)-processed interfering RNA (saiRNA), containing a 16–18 bp stem and a loop complementary to the target transcript. The introduction of a self-cleaving ribozyme derived from hepatitis delta virus to the 3′ end of the transcribed saiRNA dramatically improves its silencing activity by generating a short 3′ overhang that facilitates the efficient binding of saiRNA to Ago2. The same ribozyme also enhances the activity of Dicer-dependent shRNAs. Unlike a classical shRNA, the strand-specific cleavage of saiRNA by Ago2 during processing eliminates the passenger strand and prevents the association of siRNA with non-nucleolytic Ago proteins. As a result, off-target effects are reduced. In addition, saiRNA exhibits less competition with the biogenesis of endogenous miRNAs. Therefore, ribozyme-enhanced saiRNA provides a reliable tool for RNA interference applications.
Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA
Authors: Irobalieva Rossitza N. , Fogg Jonathan M. , Catanese Daniel J. , Sutthibutpong Thana , Chen Muyuan , Barker Anna K. , Ludtke Steven J. , Harris Sarah A. , Schmid Michael F. , Chiu Wah , Zechiedrich Lynn 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBy regulating access to the genetic code, DNA supercoiling strongly affects DNA metabolism. Despite its importance, however, much about supercoiled DNA (positively supercoiled DNA, in particular) remains unknown. Here we use electron cryo-tomography together with biochemical analyses to investigate structures of individual purified DNA minicircle topoisomers with defined degrees of supercoiling. Our results reveal that each topoisomer, negative or positive, adopts a unique and surprisingly wide distribution of three-dimensional conformations. Moreover, we uncover striking differences in how the topoisomers handle torsional stress. As negative supercoiling increases, bases are increasingly exposed. Beyond a sharp supercoiling threshold, we also detect exposed bases in positively supercoiled DNA. Molecular dynamics simulations independently confirm the conformational heterogeneity and provide atomistic insight into the flexibility of supercoiled DNA. Our integrated approach reveals the three-dimensional structures of DNA that are essential for its function.
A biosynthetic model of cytochrome c oxidase as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction
Authors: Mukherjee Sohini , Mukherjee Arnab , Bhagi-Damodaran Ambika , Mukherjee Manjistha , Lu Yi , Dey Abhishek 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCreating an artificial functional mimic of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) has been a long-term goal of the scientific community as such a mimic will not only add to our fundamental understanding of how CcO works but may also pave the way for efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in hydrogen/oxygen fuel cells. Here we develop an electrocatalyst for reducing oxygen to water under ambient conditions. We use site-directed mutants of myoglobin, where both the distal Cu and the redox-active tyrosine residue present in CcO are modelled. In situ Raman spectroscopy shows that this catalyst features very fast electron transfer rates, facile oxygen binding and O–O bond lysis. An electron transfer shunt from the electrode circumvents the slow dissociation of a ferric hydroxide species, which slows down native CcO (bovine 500 s−1), allowing electrocatalytic oxygen reduction rates of 5,000 s−1 for these biosynthetic models.
Quantum engineering of spin and anisotropy in magnetic molecular junctions
Authors: Jacobson Peter , Herden Tobias , Muenks Matthias , Laskin Gennadii , Brovko Oleg , Stepanyuk Valeri , Ternes Markus , Kern Klaus 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSingle molecule magnets and single spin centres can be individually addressed when coupled to contacts forming an electrical junction. To control and engineer the magnetism of quantum devices, it is necessary to quantify how the structural and chemical environment of the junction affects the spin centre. Metrics such as coordination number or symmetry provide a simple method to quantify the local environment, but neglect the many-body interactions of an impurity spin coupled to contacts. Here, we utilize a highly corrugated hexagonal boron nitride monolayer to mediate the coupling between a cobalt spin in CoHx (x=1,2) complexes and the metal contact. While hydrogen controls the total effective spin, the corrugation smoothly tunes the Kondo exchange interaction between the spin and the underlying metal. Using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy together with numerical simulations, we quantitatively demonstrate how the Kondo exchange interaction mimics chemical tailoring and changes the magnetic anisotropy.
Migration of germline progenitor cells is directed by sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling in a basal chordate
Authors: Kassmer Susannah H. , Rodriguez Delany , Langenbacher Adam D. , Bui Connor , De Tomaso Anthony W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri continuously regenerates entire bodies in an asexual budding process. The germ line of the newly developing bodies is derived from migrating germ cell precursors, but the signals governing this homing process are unknown. Here we show that germ cell precursors can be prospectively isolated based on expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase and integrin alpha-6, and that these cells express germ cell markers such as vasa, pumilio and piwi, as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor. In vitro, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) stimulates migration of germ cells, which depends on integrin alpha-6 activity. In vivo, S1P signalling is essential for homing of germ cells to newly developing bodies. S1P is generated by sphingosine kinase in the developing germ cell niche and degraded by lipid phosphate phosphatase in somatic tissues. These results demonstrate a previously unknown role of the S1P signalling pathway in germ cell migration in the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri.
MAP3K8/TPL-2/COT is a potential predictive marker for MEK inhibitor treatment in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Gruosso Tina , Garnier Camille , Abelanet Sophie , Kieffer Yann , Lemesre Vincent , Bellanger Dorine , Bieche Ivan , Marangoni Elisabetta , Sastre-Garau Xavier , Mieulet Virginie , Mechta-Grigoriou Fatima 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOvarian cancer is a silent disease with a poor prognosis that urgently requires new therapeutic strategies. In low-grade ovarian tumours, mutations in the MAP3K BRAF gene constitutively activate the downstream kinase MEK. Here we demonstrate that an additional MAP3K, MAP3K8 (TPL-2/COT), accumulates in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSCs) and is a potential prognostic marker for these tumours. By combining analyses on HGSC patient cohorts, ovarian cancer cells and patient-derived xenografts, we demonstrate that MAP3K8 controls cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating key players in G1/S transition and adhesion dynamics. In addition, we show that the MEK pathway is the main pathway involved in mediating MAP3K8 function, and that MAP3K8 exhibits a reliable predictive value for the effectiveness of MEK inhibitor treatment. Our data highlight key roles for MAP3K8 in HGSC and indicate that MEK inhibitors could be a useful treatment strategy, in combination with conventional chemotherapy, for this disease.