bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract CS1-1: Clinical implications of contralateral prohylactic mastectomy
Authors: Jatoi Ismail 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) refers to the removal of the opposite uninvolved breast in women with unilateral breast cancer, and rates are increasing worldwide. Several factors may explain this trend. Greater use of genetic testing in women with unilateral breast cancer may result in the identification of women at increased risk for contralateral breast cancer, and prompt CPM. However, most women who undergo CPM appear to be at low to moderate risk for developing contralateral breast cancer, so the wider use of genetic testing can only partly account for the trend towards greater utilization of CPM. Wider use of pre-operative breast MRI, although not shown to be beneficial, has also been associated with increased use of CPM. Moreover, some women with unilateral breast cancer may overestimate their risk of contralateral breast cancer, experience considerable anxiety over this issue, and request CPM. In this regard, it is somewhat ironic that CPM rates are increasing during a period when contralateral breast cancer rates are decreasing due to better adjuvant systemic therapies. Finally, several observational studies have demonstrated associations between CPM and reductions in breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, and these reports may influence treatment decisions. Yet, the results of such observational studies may reflect the selection of a healthier cohort of women for CPM (selection bias). Thus, there is no clinical justification for the wider use of CPM in the management of patients with unilateral breast cancer, and a better understanding of factors contributing to this trend is necessary.
Citation Format: Ismail Jatoi. Clinical implications of contralateral prohylactic mastectomy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr CS1-1.
Abstract ES1-2: Reconstruction for the high risk patient: challenges of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and patient selection
Authors: Golshan Mehra 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Breast surgical oncology and breast reconstruction are intimately integrated into the multi-disciplinary management of women with breast carcinoma. The primary goal of care for the breast surgical oncologist and reconstruction surgeon remains the optimal treatment of the breast cancer, while the reconstruction surgeon strives to achieve a soft, symmetric, sensate and scar free breast mound. Factors that must be accounted for include the unpredictable nature of radiated structures and the inability to reliably determine the need for radiation. Next the timing or sequencing of chemotherapy and targeted therapy must be adequately addressed in relation to healing before or after surgery. Patient factors such as age, body habitus, donor site availability and institutional expertise are integral in the decision making process. Finally, the patient's lifestyle and preferences must be counterbalanced with co-morbidities, donor site availability and limitations in implant size and shape.
Citation Format: Mehra Golshan. Reconstruction for the high risk patient: challenges of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and patient selection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr ES1-2.
Abstract ES3-2: Biomarkers for clinical management and research
Authors: Dowsett Mitchell 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Neoadjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer provides an excellent scenario for integrating biomarker, clinical and pharmacological studies as well as being a valued treatment option for patients with primary breast cancer. ER+ breast cancer may be treated with either cytotoxic or endocrine therapy. Measurements of changes in proliferation and apoptosis have provided insights into the mechanisms of response to these agents. In both settings decreases in proliferation as measured using Ki67 as a biomarker occur in patients responding to treatment. In endocrine treatment the reduced proliferation occurs early and persists for many weeks appearing to be the main driver of response. Apoptosis is not increased but continues at a slightly reduced rate and leads to tumour shrinkage in a scenario in which cell replacement is now markedly attenuated. Changes in Ki67 induced by endocrine therapy have been validated as intermediate end-points reflecting long term benefit from treatment. In contrast the changes in Ki67 with cytotoxic therapy are best explained by a selective loss of more proliferative cells due to increased apoptotic death. Prognosis of patients is strongly influenced by the Ki67 in the residual disease at surgery. The integration of Ki67 with Residual Cancer Burden to form a Residual Proliferative Cancer Burden provides an attractive new end-point which may have generalisable applicability across different treatments. In all of these studies as well as others on multiple other biomarkers it is critical to understand the degree of reproducibility in tissue biopsies that most often sample less than 1% of the sometimes heterogenous tumour bed. Examples of the impact of this on expression profiles and exomic analyses will be shown.
Citation Format: Mitchell Dowsett. Biomarkers for clinical management and research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr ES3-2.
Abstract ES5-2: Second primary cancers among breast cancer survivors: Incidence and risk factors
Authors: Li Christopher I. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Five-year survival after invasive breast cancer is now at 90% and an estimated 2.97 million U.S. women are breast cancer survivors. The high incidence of invasive breast cancer, with over 220,000 U.S. women newly diagnosed every year, coupled with continued advances in survival has resulted in an ever increasing number of women at risk of developing a second primary cancer. Indeed, 41% of all second primary cancers diagnosed among U.S. women occur among breast cancer survivors and approximately 10% of breast cancer survivors will develop a second primary cancer. The four most common sites of second primary cancer, breast, lung, colon and endometrium, account for 70% of these second primaries. The appreciable risk of second primary cancer in breast cancer survivors is well-documented, yet relatively little is known about the etiologic and molecular determinants of these second primaries and little to no information on second primary cancer risk has been incorporated into preventive efforts and clinical care because of this evidence gap. This presentation will provide information on the following: 1. Descriptive epidemiology of second primary cancers among breast cancer survivors, 2. Review of the literature on risk factors for second primary breast cancer, and 3. Briefly describe the limited knowledge regarding risk factors for non-breast second primary breast cancers. Further studies of factors contributing to second primary cancers among breast cancer survivors can 1. Define the relationships between therapies for a first breast cancer and risk of these second cancers; 2. Clarify contributions of patient/clinical factors including modifiable exposures; and 3. Molecular profiling of first primary breast tumors aimed at distinguishing those at high vs. low risk of second primaries could advance approaches to risk stratification, tailored surveillance, treatment choice, and preventive interventions.
Citation Format: Christopher I. Li. Second primary cancers among breast cancer survivors: Incidence and risk factors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr ES5-2.
Abstract ES6-3: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer
Authors: Loi Sherene 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Interest in evaluating the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer is growing due to robust data supporting significant prognostic associations as well as the success of the new T cell checkpoint inhibitors in other solid organ cancer types. The positive prognostic associations between TILs present at diagnosis in triple negative (TN) and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer and better outcomes after standard adjuvant therapy strongly suggests that these breast cancer subtypes will be amendable to immunotherapeutic approaches. Current research suggests that TILs represent pre-existing host anti-tumor immunity, with the data reporting that the more TILs that are present in the tumor at diagnosis, the stronger the pre-existing immune response and better clinical outomes. However, only a minority of patients present with high levels of TILs at diagnosis. Current data also reports that biopsies from metastatic disease still can contain significant amounts of TILs. This suggests that these patients can generate an immune response even in advanced disease, albeit weak, as the median values of TILs present seem to be less.
This presentation will discuss the data on the prognostic associations of TILs, our current understanding about the content of TILs in breast cancer and how they could be potentially triggered and/or suppressed. I will also discuss our recently published guidelines on how to evaluate TILs in breast cancer (Salgado R et al, 2014). Furthermore I will speculate on how we could potentially augment or re-kick start a more effective anti-tumor immune response in patients with breast cancer. I will also talk about the potential future clinical utility of TILs in breast cancer- it is currently not recommended that TILs are used in treatment decision-making concerning chemotherapy or no chemotherapy in TN breast cancer or trastuzuamb vs no trastuzumab in HER2-positive disease. Phase II efficacy data evaluating T cell checkpoint inhibitors is not yet available in advanced TN and HER2-positive breast cancer, however, phase I data using monotherapy T cell checkpoint inhibition in heavily pre-treated disease seems promising with objective responses meeting RECIST criteria seen. It is unclear what the best biomarker will be in breast cancer patients for immunotherapeutic approaches, but targeting patients with some degree of already pre-existing anti-tumor immunity seems logical.
Citation Format: Sherene Loi. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr ES6-3.
Abstract OI-1: Origin of Metastatic Traits in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kang Yibin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Metastasis represents the most devastating stage of cancer progression and is responsible for most of cancer-related death. How and when breast cancer cells acquire metastatic traits is a topic of intense investigation and debate in the field. It has become clear that the development of metastatic capability in cancer cells is a continuous process that is shaped by the tissue of origin of the primary tumor, early oncogenic events, as well as the stresses tumor cells endure when they encounter different microenvironments and therapeutic treatments. Many genes play multiple functions during primary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression, and may represent ideal targets for therapeutic intervention. In this lecture, I will discuss some latest findings in our understanding of the origin and evolution of metastasis traits in breast cancer, with emphasis on the connection of metastasis genes to early events of tumor initiation.
Citation Format: Yibin Kang. Origin of Metastatic Traits in Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr OI-1.
Abstract OT2-2-02: Phase I/II clinical trial on the combination of carboplatin, eribulin and E7449
Authors: Kaklamani Virginia , o'Regan Ruth , Wisinski Kari , Hoskins Kent , Wade James , Gradishar William 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The combination of carboplatin and eribulin has been found to be effective in triple negative breast cancer patients. A recently conducted neoadjuvant clinical trial showed a pathologic complete response (pCR) of 45% with four cycle of carboplatin and eribulin. Recent preclinical data from EISAI suggest that there is synergy between carboplatin, eribulin and E7449 (an oral PARP inhibitor) in BRCA deficient and PTEN mutated xenograft models.
Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) is DNA alterations which develop through double strand DNA breaks. The homologous recombination (HRD) Score is calculated by the number of LOH regions greater 15Mb in length and less than an entire chromosome present in the genome. A high HRD score is present in BRCA deficient tumors and predicts for sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. We propose a phase I/II clinical trial on the combination of carboplatin, eribulin and E7449. As part of the phase I clinical trial HRD will be performed and correlated to response to therapy. In the phase II clinical trial women with BRCA related breast or ovarian cancer, triple negative breast or ovarian cancer with high HRD score or PTEN deficient will be enrolled at a dose level found during the phase I clinical trial. Tissue will be requested to test for PARP inhibition. The primary endpoint of the phase II clinical trial is response rate. A total of 30 patients will be enrolled to the phase II clinical trial.
Citation Format: Virginia Kaklamani, Ruth o'Regan, Kari Wisinski, Kent Hoskins, James Wade, William Gradishar. Phase I/II clinical trial on the combination of carboplatin, eribulin and E7449 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-2-02.
Abstract P1-01-04: Evaluation of tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: Correlation between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and pathologic tumor cellularity
Authors: Kim Hak Hee , Kim Won Kyung , Cha Joo Hee , Shin Hee Jung , Chae Eun Young , Choi Woo Jung 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The objective of the study was to analyze whether the measurement of changes of the tumor on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), could be applied to predict pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods: Between January 2013 and October 2013, 155 patients (age range, 31-74 years; mean age, 47.6 years) with pathologically proven breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Pre-and post-treatment measurements and changes in tumor size and dynamic curve pattern of MRI were analyzed. Histological regression was scored on the residual overall tumor cellularity based on Miller-Payne grading system.
Results: The change of maximal diameter (ρ = 0.681, p &lt; 0.001), angio-volume of tumor (ρ = 0.683, p &lt; 0.001) and washout ratio of dynamic curve (ρ = 0.607, p &lt; 0.001) measured on MRI showed strong correlation with histological regression. Among them, the correlation factor was highest in the change of angio-volume. The change of plateau ratio of dynamic curve showed moderate correlation (ρ = 0.574, p &lt; 0.001) with histological regression. However, the change of persistent ratio of dynamic curve showed weak correlation (ρ = 0.206, p = 0.011).
Conclusions: The change of maximal diameter, angio-volume of tumor and washout ratio of dynamic curve measured on MRI showed strong correlation with residual cellularity in lesions after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and could be applied to predict pathologic response.
Citation Format: Hak Hee Kim, Won Kyung Kim, Joo Hee Cha, Hee Jung Shin, Eun Young Chae, Woo Jung Choi. Evaluation of tumor response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: Correlation between dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and pathologic tumor cellularity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-04.
Abstract P1-02-07: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for primary breast cancer
Authors: Ito Toshikazu , Okayama Jyunji , Uji Kumiko , Izukura Masaaki 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
&lt;Purpose&gt;
To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound (US) guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation therapy for primary breast cancer using contrast-enhanced US.
&lt;Methods and Materials&gt;
The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and written informed consent was obtained. Between January 2012 and April 2014, 25 patients with biopsy-confirmed T1 breast cancer underwent RF ablation therapy in one institution. We examined 25 patients with 25 T1 breast cancers by contrast-enhanced MRI/CT, and contrast-enhanced US before and after RF ablation therapy. US guided RF abltion was performed using a 17-gauge internally cooled electrode (Cool-TipTM, Valleylab, Boulder, CO, USA) under general anesthesia. After injection 0.015mL/kg body weight of Sonazoid®(perflubutane), contrast-enhanced US was performed at a low mechanical index (0.17-0.24). Therapeutic success was defined as a lack of contrast enhancement by contrast-enhanced MRI, US and non-viable cancer tissues by US guided vacuum assisted biopsy (VAB) or core needle biopsy (CNB).
&lt;Results&gt;
Contrast-enhanced US and MRI four weeks or more after RF ablation therapy showed ablation zones and adequate tumor necrosis in all 25 cancer lesions treated. Contrast-enhanced US made it possible to see that tumor vessels of treated lesions had disappeared after treatment. Contrast enhanced MRI showed a lack of stain with ring-like enhancement of ablation zone and non-viable tissues were seen by VAB and/or CNB in 25 ablation zones.
&lt;Conclusion&gt;
Contrast-enhanced US using Sonazoid® was useful modalities for evaluating the efficacy of RF ablation therapy in breast cancer lesions.
Citation Format: Toshikazu Ito, Jyunji Okayama, Kumiko Uji, Masaaki Izukura. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for primary breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-07.
Abstract P1-07-19: Effects of JAK pathway inhibition in pre-clinical models of breast cancer bone marrow metastases
Authors: Bottos Alessia , Gill Jason , Radimerski Thomas , Tzankov Alexandar , Wodnar-Filipowicz Aleksandra , Hynes Nancy E 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) metastases are an important problem in metastatic breast cancer. Metastatic-relapse occurs even decades after the first diagnosis and can show different clinical features compared to the primary disease. The cross-talk between cancer cells and the microenvironment influences tumor behaviour and impinges on therapeutic efficiency.
To uncover new targets for the inhibition of BM metastases, we performed a transcriptional analysis of BM stromal cells using in-vivo models of breast cancer bone metastases. We identified IL6, and its downstream JAK kinases pathway, as major up-regulated signals in the bone stroma of tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, we found that a significant proportion of BM metastases from breast cancer patient biopsies are positive for pSTAT3 staining, attesting to activation of JAK-STAT signaling. These results provide a rational to investigate the therapeutic potential of a JAK inhibition in bone metastases. We evaluated the effect of two JAK inhibitors: the BSK805, a JAK2 inhibitor, and ruxolitinib a JAK1-JAK2 inhibitor currently in clinical trials for metastatic breast cancer. In pre-clinical models of breast cancer metastases (the triple negative MDA-MB231 SCP1833 and the ER+ EO771), treatment with the JAK inhibitors decreased pSTAT3 signaling in the bone, but surprisingly increased metastastic tumor burden.
Considering the importance of the JAK-STAT pathway as a therapeutic target, we are investigating the possible bystander effects of blocking JAK kinases. Analysis of the BM stoma showed that JAK inhibition decreased TRAP+ osteoclasts and affected the mesenchymal compartment, with a significant increase in the BM fat compartment in tumor-bearing animals. The reasons for and the consequences of these changes in the bone stroma are under investigation. As the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is also a key regulator of the hematopoietic compartment, we are studying how JAK inhibitors influence the immune response in tumor bearing mice. Further dissection of the immunomodulatory effect of JAK inhibition and how this influences tumor dissemination and expansion is warranted.
Citation Format: Alessia Bottos, Jason Gill, Thomas Radimerski, Alexandar Tzankov, Aleksandra Wodnar-Filipowicz, Nancy E Hynes. Effects of JAK pathway inhibition in pre-clinical models of breast cancer bone marrow metastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-19.