bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ability of in vitro antioxidant assays to predict the efficiency of a cod protein hydrolysate and brown seaweed extract to prevent oxidation in marine food model systems
Authors: Jónsdóttir Rósa , Geirsdóttir Margrét , Hamaguchi Patricia Y , Jamnik Polona , Kristinsson Hordur G , Undeland Ingrid 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe ability of different in vitro antioxidant assays to predict the efficiency of cod protein hydrolysate (CPH) and Fucus vesiculosus ethyl acetate extract (EA) towards lipid oxidation in haemoglobin‐fortified washed cod mince and iron‐containing cod liver oil emulsion was evaluated. The progression of oxidation was followed by sensory analysis, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) in both systems, as well as loss of redness and protein carbonyls in the cod system.RESULTSThe in vitro tests revealed high reducing capacity, high DPPH radical scavenging properties and a high oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of the EA which also inhibited lipid and protein oxidation in the cod model system. The CPH had a high metal chelating capacity and was efficient against oxidation in the cod liver oil emulsion.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the F. vesiculosus extract has a potential as an excellent natural antioxidant against lipid oxidation in fish muscle foods while protein hydrolysates are more promising for fish oil emulsions. The usefulness of in vitro assays to predict the antioxidative properties of new natural ingredients in foods thus depends on the knowledge about the food systems, particularly the main pro‐oxidants present. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between age differences and display parameters on visual comfort for autostereoscopic display
Authors: Wang Qin , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Liao Yong‐Chuan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn order to investigate the age differences for viewing autostereoscopic display, we conduct a 3 × 3 × 3 × 4 mixed design with repeated measurement experiment by using three‐dimensional (3D) video clips. Visual comfort is compared between four age groups with a questionnaire. Results of subjective evaluation are compared through the chi‐square test to check if there is a statistical significance between groups with respect to the distribution of number and proportion according to five levels of visual comfort. Then we examine age differences of visual comfort under three key display parameters including crosstalk, ambient illumination, and disparity. The results indicate that the degree of comfort varies considerably among age groups as the parameters of the display system change. Although the seniors feel most discomfort and the children get best experience in general, there is no statistical difference among the subjects when the ambient illumination is medium or disparity is large. So, it is necessary to take account of the age differences in designing 3D display parameters for enhancing visual comfort.
Conjugated Polythiophene/Porphyrin Complex for Rapid and Simple Detection of Bacteria in Drinking Water
Authors: Yan Wenmin , Yuan Hongbo , Li Ruihua , Fan Yibing , Zhan Yong , Qi Junjie , An Hailong , Niu Ruimin , Li Gang , Xing Chengfen 
Published: July 2015

An electrostatic complex combining anionic water‐soluble conjugated polythiophene (PTP) with commercial cationic porphyrin ([5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐(trimethylammonio)‐phenyl)‐21H,23H‐porphine tetratosylate] (TMP)) has been designed for rapid and simple detection of bacteria infection in drinking water by applying fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy. There is efficient FRET from PTP to TMP for the electrostatic complex of PTP/TMP. Upon the addition of bacteria, the cationic TMP is adsorbed tightly to the negatively charged membrane surface of bacteria through electrostatic interactions, making the PTP reside in much farther proximity to TMP than that in the absence of bacteria. Therefore, much weaker FRET is observed. Interesting, the detection for bacteria based on FRET changes of PTP/TMP complex is visual in view of the color changes under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This assay takes advantage of the light‐harvesting property of conjugated polymer and the ratiometric measurements for minimizing the nonspecific binding effect. The strategy is promising in pathogen detection in drinking water and other sources.
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Identification of point mutations and large intragenic deletions in Fanconi anemia using next‐generation sequencing technology
Authors: Nicchia Elena , Greco Chiara , De Rocco Daniela , Pecile Vanna , D'Eustacchio Angela , Cappelli Enrico , Corti Paola , Marra Nicoletta , Ramenghi Ugo , Pillon Marta , Farruggia Piero , Dufour Carlo , Pallavicini Alberto , Torelli Lucio , Savoia Anna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is a rare bone marrow failure disorder characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity with at least 17 genes involved, which make molecular diagnosis complex and time‐consuming. Since next‐generation sequencing technologies could greatly improve the genetic testing in FA, we sequenced DNA samples with known and unknown mutant alleles using the Ion PGM™ system (IPGM). The molecular target of 74.2 kb in size covered 96% of the FA‐coding exons and their flanking regions. Quality control testing revealed high coverage. Comparing the IPGM and Sanger sequencing output of FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG we found no false‐positive and a few false‐negative variants, which led to high sensitivity (95.58%) and specificity (100%) at least for these two most frequently mutated genes. The analysis also identified novel mutant alleles, including those in rare complementation groups FANCF and FANCL. Moreover, quantitative evaluation allowed us to characterize large intragenic deletions of FANCA and FANCD2, suggesting that IPGM is suitable for identification of not only point mutations but also copy number variations.
Chimeric groin free flaps: Design and clinical application
Authors: Chao Wai‐Nang , Wang Po‐Hui , Chen Bing‐Ren , Chen Shiuan‐Chih 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundReconstruction of composite extremity defects or through‐and‐through oral defects remains challenging for surgeons. Chimeric flaps are ideal for repairing these lesions. In this article, we report the design of various chimeric groin free flaps for the reconstruction of both complex oral and extremity defects in 18 patients.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2014, 18 patients with composite tissue defect or two defects in the extremities or head and neck region, underwent reconstruction with cutaneous–cutaneous, musculo‐cutaneous, or osteo‐cutaneous chimeric groin free flaps. The size and pedicles length of the chimeric groin flaps based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) were tailored to the lesions. Patient‐reported post‐operative outcomes at the out‐patient department were evaluated.ResultsThe types of chimeric groin free flaps included cutaneous–cutaneous (n = 12), musculo‐cutaneous (n = 1), and osteo‐cutaneous (n = 5) flaps. Three to four SCIA branches (mean: 3.33) could be used for flap design. The cutaneous flap size ranged from 1.5 cm × 6 cm to 11 cm × 30 cm, and the bone flap size ranged from 1 cm × 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm × 6 cm. All flaps survived, and no significant complications developed at recipient or donor sites. Functional recovery after reconstruction was satisfactory in most patients after a mean of 17.27 months (ranging 2–42 months) of follow‐up.ConclusionThe innovative flap technique presented herein has advantages including greater reliability, as well as the ability to tailor the dimensions and flap paddles to specific lesions and reconstruct two defects or one composite defect using only one (chimeric) flap. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:206–215, 2016.
Volume of interest‐based fourier transform method for calculation of static magnetic field maps from susceptibility distributions
Authors: Dewal Rahul P. , Yang Qing X. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeCalculation of static magnetic field (B0) inhomogeneity maps of high‐resolution susceptibility models by means of convolution with dipole kernels often encounters limitations in computer memory (RAM) for large input data matrices. In many applications, only a small portion of the full volume of the computer model is a volume of interest (VOI) or a susceptibility perturbation source. This work presents a VOI‐based method to significantly reduce the computer memory usage for such applications.Theory and MethodsThe VOI‐based method is presented and compared with the conventional method for calculation of the B0 field in the brain and heart of a human body model in terms of calculation speed, memory requirement, and calculation error relative to the full model results.ResultsUse of the VOI‐based method significantly reduced memory usage in the human body model calculations over the conventional method without loss of accuracy and with comparable calculation speed.ConclusionThe proposed method can be valuable for rapid calculation of B0 distributions on standard computer hardware for applications such as subject‐specific B0 field calculations derived from anatomic scans. Magn Reson Med 75:2473–2480, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of mcDESPOT‐ and CPMG‐derived parameter estimates for two‐component nonexchanging systems
Authors: Bouhrara Mustapha , Reiter David A. , Celik Hasan , Fishbein Kenneth W. , Kijowski Richard , Spencer Richard G. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeTo compare the reliability and stability of the multicomponent‐driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) and Carl‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) approaches to parameter estimation.MethodsThe stability and reliability of mcDESPOT and CPMG‐derived parameter estimates were compared through examination of energy surfaces, evaluation of model sloppiness, and Monte Carlo simulations. Comparisons were performed on an equal time basis and assuming a two‐component system. Parameter estimation bias, reflecting accuracy, and dispersion, reflecting precision, were derived for a range of signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) and relaxation parameters.ResultsThe energy surfaces for parameters incorporated into the mcDESPOT signal model exhibit flatness, a complex structure of local minima, and instability to noise to a much greater extent than the corresponding surfaces for CPMG. Although both mcDESPOT and CPMG performed well at high SNR, the CPMG approach yielded parameter estimates of considerably greater accuracy and precision at lower SNR.ConclusionmcDESPOT and CPMG both permit high‐quality parameter estimates under SNR that are clinically achievable under many circumstances, depending upon available hardware and resolution and acquisition time constraints. At moderate to high SNR, the mcDESPOT approach incorporating two‐step phase increments can yield accurate parameter estimates while providing values for longitudinal relaxation times that are not available through CPMG. However, at low SNR, the CPMG approach is more stable and provides superior parameter estimates. Magn Reson Med 75:2406–2420, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel transmission pulse design with explicit control for the specific absorption rate in the presence of radiofrequency errors
Authors: Martin Adrian , Schiavi Emanuele , Eryaman Yigitcan , Herraiz Joaquin L. , Gagoski Borjan , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Wald Lawrence L. , Guerin Bastien 
Published: July 2015

PurposeA new framework for the design of parallel transmit (pTx) pulses is presented introducing constraints for local and global specific absorption rate (SAR) in the presence of errors in the radiofrequency (RF) transmit chain.MethodsThe first step is the design of a pTx RF pulse with explicit constraints for global and local SAR. Then, the worst possible SAR associated with that pulse due to RF transmission errors (“worst‐case SAR”) is calculated. Finally, this information is used to re‐calculate the pulse with lower SAR constraints, iterating this procedure until its worst‐case SAR is within safety limits.ResultsAnalysis of an actual pTx RF transmit chain revealed amplitude errors as high as 8% (20%) and phase errors above 3° (15°) for spokes (spiral) pulses. Simulations show that using the proposed framework, pulses can be designed with controlled “worst‐case SAR” in the presence of errors of this magnitude at minor cost of the excitation profile quality.ConclusionOur worst‐case SAR‐constrained pTx design strategy yields pulses with local and global SAR within the safety limits even in the presence of RF transmission errors. This strategy is a natural way to incorporate SAR safety factors in the design of pTx pulses. Magn Reson Med 75:2493–2504, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reverse retrospective motion correction
Authors: Zahneisen Benjamin , Keating Brian , Singh Aditya , Herbst Michael , Ernst Thomas 
Published: July 2015

PurposeOne potential barrier for using prospective motion correction (PMC) in the clinic is the unpredictable nature of a scan because of the direct interference with the imaging sequence. We demonstrate that a second set of “de‐corrected” images can be reconstructed from a scan with PMC that show how images would have appeared without PMC enabled.Theory and MethodsFor three‐dimensional scans, the effects of PMC can be undone by performing a retrospective reconstruction based on the inverse of the transformation matrix used for real time gradient feedback. Retrospective reconstruction is performed using a generalized SENSE approach with continuous head motion monitored using a single‐marker optical camera system.ResultsReverse retrospective reconstruction is demonstrated for phantom and in vivo scans using an magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence including parallel and Partial Fourier acceleration.ConclusionReverse retrospective reconstruction can almost perfectly undo the effects of prospective feedback, and thereby provide a second image data set with the effects of motion correction removed. In case of correct feedback, one can directly compare the quality of the corrected with that of the uncorrected scan. Additionally, because erroneous feedback during PMC may introduce artifacts, it is possible to eliminate artifacts in a corrupted scan by reversing the false gradient updates. Magn Reson Med 75:2341–2349, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of moderate‐ and high‐intensity chronic exercise on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression in fast and slow muscles
Authors: Jiménez‐Maldonado Alberto , Cerna‐Cortés Joel , Castro‐Rodríguez Elena M. , Montero Sergio A. , Muñiz Jesús , Rodríguez‐Hernández Alejandrina , Lemus Mónica , De Álvarez‐Buylla Elena Roces 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression is sensitive to cellular activity. In the sedentary state, BDNF expression is affected by the muscle phenotype. Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into the following 3 groups: sedentary (S); moderate‐intensity training (MIT); and high‐intensity training (HIT). The training protocol lasted 8 weeks. Forty‐eight hours after training, total RNA and protein levels in the soleus and plantaris muscles were obtained. Results: In the plantaris, the BDNF protein level was lower in the HIT than in the S group (P < 0.05). A similar effect was found in the soleus (without significant difference). In the soleus, higher Bdnf mRNA levels were found in the HIT group (P < 0.001 vs. S and MIT groups). In the plantaris muscle, similar Bdnf mRNA levels were found in all groups. Conclusions: These results indicate that high‐intensity chronic exercise reduces BDNF protein level in fast muscles and increases Bdnf mRNA levels in slow muscles. Muscle Nerve 53: 446–451, 2016
Temporal pattern of stimulation modulates reflex bladder activation by pudendal nerve stimulation
Authors: McGee Meredith J. , Grill Warren M. 
Published: July 2015

AimsReflex bladder activation and inhibition by electrical stimulation of pudendal nerve (PN) afferents is a promising approach to restore control of bladder function in persons with lower urinary tract dysfunction caused by disease or injury. The objective of this work was to determine whether bladder activation evoked by pudendal afferent stimulation was dependent on the temporal pattern of stimulation, and whether specific temporal patterns of stimulation produced larger bladder contractions than constant frequency stimulation.MethodsThe mean and maximum contraction pressures evoked by different temporal patterns of stimulation of the dorsal genital branch of the pudendal nerve were measured under isovolumetric conditions in α‐chloralose anesthetized cats. A computational model of the spinal neural network mediating the pudendo‐vesical reflex was used to understand the mechanisms of different bladder responses to patterned stimulation.ResultsThe pattern of stimulation significantly affected the magnitude of evoked bladder contractions; several temporal patterns were as effective as regular stimulation, but no pattern evoked larger bladder contractions. Random patterns and patterns with pauses, burst‐like activity, or high frequency components evoked significantly smaller bladder contractions, supporting the use of regular frequency stimulation in the development of neural prosthetic approaches for bladder control.ConclusionsThese results reveal that the bladder response to pudendal afferent stimulation is dependent on the pattern, as well as the frequency, of stimulation. The computational model revealed that the effects of patterned pudendal afferent stimulation were determined by the dynamic properties of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:882–887, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systems composed of two types of nonidentical and dependent components
Authors: Eryilmaz Serkan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA coherent system of order n that consists two different types of dependent components is considered. The lifetimes of the components in each group are assumed to follow an exchangeable joint distribution, and the two random vectors, which represent the lifetimes of the components in each group are also assumed to be dependent. Under this particular form of dependence, all components are assumed to be dependent but they are categorized with respect to their reliability functions. Mixture representation is obtained for the survival function of the system's lifetime. Mixture representations are also obtained for the series and parallel systems consisting of disjoint modules such that all components of Type I are involved in one module (subsystem) and all components of Type II are placed in the other module. The theoretical results are illustrated with examples. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 388–394, 2015
Building entrepreneurial universities in a specific culture—barriers and opportunities
Authors: Bhayani Ali 
Published: July 2015

Globally universities are facing an increasingly dynamic environment, and many have responded through becoming more entrepreneurial. European and US universities have adopted new governance structures, diversified their funding, changed their organisational structures and adopted an entrepreneurial culture to drive more innovative behaviour. Using multiple case studies, based on semi‐structured interviews, the barriers and opportunities for entrepreneurialism in five UAE universities are identified. UAE universities possess inherent qualities necessary for entrepreneurialism, including steerage, concern for economic surplus plus their performance driven environment allows quick response to the dynamic external environment; however, there are certain areas that require further development such as developing a culture of innovation, incentivising Universities to take risks as well as gaining appropriate support from the State. Based on the results of this work a change agenda has been chartered to further support and develop entrepreneurial universities in the Middle Eastern environment.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restricted mobility of side chains on concave surfaces of solenoid proteins may impart heightened potential for intermolecular interactions
Authors: Ramya L. , Gautham N. , Chaloin Laurent , Kajava Andrey V. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTSignificant progress has been made in the determination of the protein structures with their number today passing over a hundred thousand structures. The next challenge is the understanding and prediction of protein–protein and protein–ligand interactions. In this work we address this problem by analyzing curved solenoid proteins. Many of these proteins are considered as “hub molecules” for their high potential to interact with many different molecules and to be a scaffold for multisubunit protein machineries. Our analysis of these structures through molecular dynamics simulations reveals that the mobility of the side‐chains on the concave surfaces of the solenoids is lower than on the convex ones. This result provides an explanation to the observed preferential binding of the ligands, including small and flexible ligands, to the concave surface of the curved solenoid proteins. The relationship between the landscapes and dynamic properties of the protein surfaces can be further generalized to the other types of protein structures and eventually used in the computer algorithms, allowing prediction of protein–ligand interactions by analysis of protein surfaces. Proteins 2015; 83:1654–1664. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solution NMR and molecular dynamics reveal a persistent alpha helix within the dynamic region of PsbQ from photosystem II of higher plants
Authors: Rathner Petr , Rathner Adriana , Horničáková Michaela , Wohlschlager Christian , Chandra Kousik , Kohoutová Jaroslava , Ettrich Rüdiger , Wimmer Reinhard , Müller Norbert 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe extrinsic proteins of photosystem II of higher plants and green algae PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR are essential for stable oxygen production in the oxygen evolving center. In the available X‐ray crystallographic structure of higher plant PsbQ residues S14‐Y33 are missing. Building on the backbone NMR assignment of PsbQ, which includes this “missing link”, we report the extended resonance assignment including side chain atoms. Based on nuclear Overhauser effect spectra a high resolution solution structure of PsbQ with a backbone RMSD of 0.81 Å was obtained from torsion angle dynamics. Within the N‐terminal residues 1–45 the solution structure deviates significantly from the X‐ray crystallographic one, while the four‐helix bundle core found previously is confirmed. A short α‐helix is observed in the solution structure at the location where a β‐strand had been proposed in the earlier crystallographic study. NMR relaxation data and unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations corroborate that the N‐terminal region behaves as a flexible tail with a persistent short local helical secondary structure, while no indications of forming a β‐strand are found. Proteins 2015; 83:1677–1686. © 2015 The Authors. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.