bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of prescribing data in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder for adolescents and adults in Scotland
Authors: Radley Andrew , Melia Barry , Maciver Donald , Rutherford Marion , Boilson Marie 
Published: August 2024

Background
Medication, combined with environmental and psychosocial support, can mitigate adverse outcomes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There is a need for research into regional and national prescription volumes and patterns, especially among adults.

Aims
This study analysed prescribing patterns for medications commonly used to treat ADHD in adolescents and adults.

Method
Data was extracted from the NHS Scotland Prescribing Information System on prescriptions for 7806 adolescents (aged 10–19 years) and 4998 adults (aged 20–59 years) in 2019. This included medications listed under Section 4.4 of the British National Formulary. We explored 2019 prescription patterns across different regions and estimated ADHD prevalence levels. Additionally, we assessed changes in dispensed prescriptions, defined daily dose and costs, compared with figures from 2010.

Results
Between 2010 and 2019, prescriptions for ADHD medications increased (dispensed prescriptions +233.2%, defined daily dose +234.9%, cost +216.6%). Despite these increases, analysis indicated that in 2019, considering a 5% estimated ADHD prevalence among adolescents, 73% were not prescribed medication, increasing to 81% at a 7% estimated prevalence. Similarly, among adults with a 2% estimated prevalence, 91% were not prescribed medication, rising to 96% at a 4% estimated prevalence. Regional disparities were evident, with 41–96% of adolescents and 85–100% of adults, based on ADHD prevalence estimates, not receiving a prescription, depending on area.

Conclusions
Although prescription rates for ADHD medication have increased over time, the data do not indicate excessive use of medication. Instead, they suggest that for some groups there is a lower use of medication compared with expected prevalence figures, especially among adults.
Factors Associated With Survival Among Patients With Multiple Myeloma in Northeastern Tanzania
Authors: Raza Faryal M. , Mkwizu Elifuraha W. , Leak Steven A. , Sadiq Abid M. , Lyamuya Furaha S. , Chamba Nyasatu G. , Kilonzo Kajiru G. , Shao Elichilia R. , Ahmed Eijaaz A. , Ndale Eliasa K. , Costantine Andrew R. , Kamabu Eugenie M. , Eliah Doreen T. , Nziku Eliada B. , Henke Oliver 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE This study sought to delineate the clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics during multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosis, outline the treatment modalities administered, and ascertain the survival rates among patients with MM over a comprehensive 5-year span in Tanzania. METHODS This retrospective cohort study investigated patients diagnosed with MM at the Cancer Care Clinic, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, between January 2017 and June 2022. Demographic data, clinical profiles, and survival outcomes were collected. The study employed the Kaplan-Meier method to determine overall survival (OS) and survival rates, supported by univariate analysis and a multivariate Cox regression model with significance of P < .05. RESULTS In this study of 76 patients with MM, bone pain was the most common complaint (76.3%), and patients were age typically older than 50 years (82.5%). Laboratory tests showed frequent abnormalities, such as anemia (51.3%) and hypercalcemia (23.9%). Most patients were at stage III according to Durie Salmon Staging (82.7%), with imaging revealing various bone abnormalities. The median OS was 18.0 months, with 46.1% of patients passing away during the study period. Factors linked to shorter survival included anemia, renal failure, and bone involvement. Infection was the primary cause of death among these patients. The presenting complaint of bone pain significantly affected survival outcomes. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive understanding of MM within the Sub-Saharan African context, highlighting age-related disparities in diagnosis, predominant presenting symptoms like bone pain, factors contributing to delayed diagnoses, and the impact on survival rates. The findings underscore the critical need for early recognition, improved diagnostics, and tailored interventions to enhance outcomes for patients with MM in this region.
Quality of Life Gain Following Treatment Among Breast Cancer Survivors With and Without HIV
Authors: Dykstra Michael P. , Sadigh Katrin S. , Nkele Isaac , Bvochora-Nsingo Memory , Martei Yehoda M. , Wester James , Manyake Kutlo , Efstathiou Jason A. , Vuylsteke Peter , Tapela Neo M. , Dryden-Peterson Scott 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE Women living with HIV (WLWH) experience decreased breast cancer survival. We sought to determine whether WLWH surviving breast cancer also experienced different quality of life (QOL) gain. METHODS Women who enrolled in the Thabatse Cancer Cohort across oncology centers in Botswana for the initial treatment of stage I-III breast cancer from October 2010 to February 2022 were included. Exclusion criteria were no documented definitive therapy and incomplete data at treatment end or 24 ± 3 months after treatment. QOL was measured quarterly using the SF-8 questionnaire. G methods using weighted exposure and outcome modules were used to mitigate potential bias from imbalances in demographic and cancer characteristics by HIV status. Primary analysis was change in physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) from treatment end to 24 months after treatment for WLWH compared with women without HIV. RESULTS Of 603 women enrolled, the final analysis included 298, comprising 85 WLWH and 213 women without HIV. Most common reasons for exclusion were no documented definitive treatment (n = 114) and death before 21 months after treatment (n = 137). WLWH were younger, were less wealthy, and had more estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive tumors. Overall, PCS and MCS significantly increased from treatment end to 24 months after treatment, from 50.8 to 52.8 and 51.8 to 53.7, respectively. There was no difference in the change of the PCS or MCS with HIV infection, 2.2 (95% CI, –0.4 to 4.9) and 0.6 (95% CI, –1.7 to 2.9), respectively. CONCLUSION HIV infection did not impede QOL gain at 24 months after treatment in women surviving breast cancer. Further work is needed to clarify the role of HIV on specific treatment-related morbidities and in other malignancies.
Estimating and Testing Long-Run Risk Models: International Evidence
Authors: Fulop Andras , Li Junye , Liu Hening , Yan Cheng 
Published: August 2024

We estimate and test long-run risk models using international macroeconomic and financial data. The benchmark model features a representative agent who has recursive preferences with a time preference shock, a persistent component in expected consumption growth, and stochastic volatility in fundamentals characterized by an autoregressive gamma process. We construct a comprehensive data set with quarterly frequency for 10 developed countries and employ an efficient likelihood-based Bayesian method that exploits up-to-date sequential Monte Carlo methods to make full econometric inference. Our empirical findings provide international evidence in support of long-run risks, time-varying preference shocks, and countercyclicality of the stochastic discount factor. We show the existence of a global long-run consumption factor driving equity returns across individual countries. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: A. Fulop acknowledges support from CY Initiative of Excellence [Grant “Investissements d’Avenir” ANR-16-IDEX-0008], and H. Liu acknowledges support from National Science Foundation of China [Grant 72141305]. Supplemental Material: The internet appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.04054 .
APPLICATION OF THE AHP METHOD IN SELECTING BASEBALL PITCHERS
Authors: Teppa-Garran Pedro , Fernández-Da Costa Carlos 
Published: August 2024

The use of scientific methods to determine performance results and analyze the effectiveness of sports players constitutes a powerful tool that can help coaches and teams make better decisions and adequately use available resources. Pitcher selection is a strategic decision that significantly influences the performance of a professional baseball team. In this study, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) models were built to rank the performance of baseball pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States. There are three relevant aspects of this research. First, the models allow the evaluation of the overall performance of the pitcher, considering his skills and performance as a pitcher as well as his fielding and batting contributions. To evaluate the overall performance of a pitcher, well-known standard professional baseball statistics were used. Second, to highlight the flexibility of the model, four models were created according to the type of pitcher (starter or reliever) and the league in which he plays (American or National league). Finally, a distinctive feature of the models is their general scope. The experts were only required to determine the best criteria and subcriteria and the priorities of the hierarchical structure of the models, but they were not needed to rank the pitchers (alternatives). The models were applied to different emblematic MLB awards and the results produced by the models coincide with the pitchers who actually won the awards.
Uptake of human papilloma virus vaccination among adolescent girls living with HIV in Uganda: A mixed methods study
Authors: Nakibuuka Violet , Muddu Martin , Kraehenbuhl Jean Pierre , Birungi Caroline , Semitala Fred C. , Tusubira Andrew K. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination can prevent more than 90% of cancers caused by HPV. Although this vaccination is recommended and provided at no cost to all adolescent girls aged 9 to19 years in Uganda, its uptake remains low. We sought to determine the uptake of, and factors associated with HPV vaccination among adolescent girls living with HIV in Uganda.

Methods
We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed methods study, among adolescent girls living with HIV, attending HIV care at the Mulago ISS HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. We administered a structured questionnaire to elicit data on HPV vaccination and its covariates to a systematic random sample of 264 adolescent girls with HIV. A participant who had received all the three recommended HPV vaccine doses was classified as fully vaccinated. We then conducted four focus group discussions among adolescent girls living with HIV (n = 32), eight in-depth interviews among their parents and five Key informant interviews among their healthcare providers. We conducted descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses for the quantitative data before thematic analysis for the qualitative data.

Result
Of 264 adolescent girls, 31% (83/264) had at least one HPV vaccine dose; 22% (59/264) two doses, while 8.0% (21/264) were fully vaccinated (received three doses). While most participants received their first and second doses (48% (40/83)) and 57.6% (34/59), respectively) from school, the largest number of participants (47.1% (12/21)) received their third dose at community outreaches. Participants who received counseling from community members were three times more likely to get fully vaccinated compared to those who did not receive counseling (aOR 3.28, Cl:1.07–10.08, P = 0.038). From the qualitative follow-up, three major themes were identified: (1): Limited information about HPV vaccination, which gave room for misconceptions and doubts about the vaccine; (2) Parental influence on adolescent decisions was strong despite parents having limited knowledge about HPV vaccination and (3) Inadequacy of HPV vaccination services at the hospital and in the schools.

Conclusion
Full HPV vaccination was low among adolescent girls living with HIV. Counseling of the adolescents by community members, alongside HPV vaccination community outreaches, provided a platform for vaccination. There should be strategies to provide adequate information about HPV vaccine to health workers, parents, and the adolescents. In addition to schools, community-based initiatives, including outreaches and lay-health workers can be utilized to improve HPV vaccine uptake among girls with HIV.
Association between sinus septa and lateral wall thickness with risk of perforation during maxillary sinus lift surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Baohua , Wang Tiantian , Wen Yuzhen , Liu Xingguang 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Sinus membrane perforation is a common complication of sinus lift surgery. This review aimed to examine if anatomical factors such as the presence of septa and lateral wall thickness influence the risk of membrane perforation.

Methods
This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023488259). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published up to 26th June 2024. The outcome of interest was the risk of perforation based on presence of septa and lateral wall thickness. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted with dichotomous data to obtain the odds ratio (OR) of perforation using Review Manager.

Results
Ten studies with 1865 patients undergoing 2168 “lateral” sinus lift procedures were included. The total incidence of Schneiderian membrane perforations was 19% (405 cases). Schneiderian membrane perforation was present in 169/425 cases (39.76%) with sinus septa and 184/1492 cases (12.33%) without septa. Meta-analysis showed that septa were significantly associated with an increased risk of perforation (OR: 4.03 95% CI: 1.77, 9.19) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 87%). The certainty of the evidence was very low. Data on lateral wall thickness and risk of perforation was too heterogeneous for a meta-analysis. Studies reported mixed results on the risk of perforation based on lateral wall thickness.

Conclusions
Our results show, with very low-quality evidence, that the presence of septa significantly increases the risk of perforations during maxillary sinus lift surgery. Evidence on the association between lateral wall thickness and a risk of perforations during sinus lift surgery is conflicting, and no clear conclusions can be derived at this stage.
The optimal concentration of ropivacaine for transversus abdominis plane blocks in elective cesarean section: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiangdong , Qin Tangqi , Zhang Donghang , Du Junwang 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks are commonly performed for postoperative analgesia in elective cesarean section. Ropivacaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic for TAP blocks. Currently, the concentration of ropivacaine for TAP blocks is various, and increasing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the effects of different concentration of ropivacaine for TAP blocks in cesarean section. This protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify the optimal concentration of ropivacaine for TAP blocks in elective cesarean section.

Methods and analysis
Databases including PubMed, Web of science, the Cochrane library, and EMBASE will be searched from their inception to May 1, 2024. RCTs that investigated the analgesia of different concentrations of ropivacaine for TAP blocks in elective cesarean section will be identified. The analgesia duration will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will include the analgesics consumption over postoperative 24 hours, postoperative pain scores at rest and movement, and the incidence of adverse effects. RevMan 5.4 software will used for statistical analysis. The evidence quality of synthesized results will be evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not applicable. The results of this study will be published on completion.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024496907.
Self-reported high-risk behavior among first-time and repeat replacement blood donors; a four-year retrospective study of patterns
Authors: Osei-Boakye Felix , Nkansah Charles , Appiah Samuel Kwasi , Abbam Gabriel , Derigubah Charles Angnataa , Ukwah Boniface Nwofoke , Usanga Victor Udoh , Ugwuja Emmanuel Ike , Chukwurah Ejike Felix 
Published: August 2024

Background
There is no replacement for blood, and patients requiring transfusion depend on human donors, most of whom are family donors. Family donors may deny engagement in high-risk activities, which threaten the safety of donated blood. This study determined frequency of self-reported high-risk behaviors among replacement donors.

Methods
This retrospective study recruited 1317 donor records from 2017–2020, at Mankranso Hospital, Ghana. Data from archived donor questionnaires were extracted and analyzed with SPSS and GraphPad. Frequencies, associations, and quartiles were presented.

Results
The donors were predominantly males (84.4%), 17–26 years old (43.7%), informal workers (71.8%), rural inhabitants (56.5%), first-time (65.0%), and screened in the rainy season (56.3%). Donation frequency was significantly associated with age, sex, occupation, and residence. Repeat donors were significantly older (p≤0.001). More males than females were deferred (p = 0.008), drug addicts (p = 0.001), had body modifications (p = 0.025), multiple sexual partners (p = 0.045), and STIs (p≤0.001), whereas, more females were recently treated (p = 0.044). Weight loss (p = 0.005) and pregnancy (p = 0.026) were frequent among 17–26-year group, whereas, tuberculosis was frequent among 37–60-year group (p = 0.009). More first-time donors were unwell (p = 0.005), deferred (p≤0.001), pregnant (p = 0.002), drug addicts, had impending rigorous activity (p = 0.037), body modifications (p = 0.001), multiple sexual partners (p = 0.030), and STIs (p = 0.008). STIs were frequent in the dry season (p = 0.010). First-time donors had reduced hemoglobin (p = 0.0032), weight (p = 0.0003), and diastolic pressure (p = 0.0241).

Conclusion
Donation frequency was associated with age, sex, occupation, and residence, with first-time donors younger than repeat donors. Deferral from donation, drug addiction, body modification, multiple sexual partners, and STIs were frequent among males, whereas, more females received treatment. Tuberculosis was frequently reported among older adults, whereas, weight loss and pregnancy were frequent among younger individuals. More first-time donors reported being unwell, deferred, drug addiction, body modifications, multiple sexual partners, STIs, and pregnant. Hemoglobin, weight, and diastolic BP were reduced among first-time donors.
The first complete mitogenome sequence of a biological control agent, Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
Authors: Telmadarrehei Telmah , Romero-Weaver Ana L. , Lee Yoosook , Minteer Carey R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Pseudophilothrips ichini (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is a recently released biological control agent for one of the most invasive plants (Brazilian peppertree) in Florida. Limited genetic information hinders efforts to develop effective genetic surveillance techniques. To address this gap, we present the first full mitogenome sequence of this biological control agent, isolated from the colony reared at the University of Florida Norman C. Hayslip Biological Control Research and Containment Laboratory. The complete length of the P. ichini mitogenome is 15,281 base pairs with 83.8 % AT content. Its sequence is most similar to the mitogenome sequence of Acaciothrips ebneri (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), with an 86.8 % sequence identity. This complete mitochondrial sequence is an important new genomic resource to understand the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of the species, offering valuable insight for developing molecular tools for study and enhancement of this biological control agent.
ChatGPT und halluzinierte Referenzen in Artikeln aus ausgewählten Bereichen der Betriebswirtschaftslehre
Authors: Schlögl Christian 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Problematik von Halluzinationen in vier wissenschaftlichen Aufsätzen aus verschiedenen Bereichen der Betriebswirtschaftslehre, die von ChatGPT-4 verfasst wurden. Konkret soll geprüft werden, ob die von ChatGPT generierten Quellennachweise existieren und, wenn dies der Fall ist, ob sie korrekt sind. Ein erstes überraschendes Ergebnis ist, dass fast 40 Prozent der 174 in den Artikeln referenzierten Quellen, deren bibliografische Angaben nach den einzelnen Hauptkapiteln ausgegeben wurden, nicht im für jeden Aufsatz eigens generierten Literaturverzeichnis ausgewiesen waren. Eine Überprüfung aller bibliografischen Angaben ergab, dass in den einzelnen Artikeln zwischen 18 und 100 Prozent der Quellen in Google Scholar nicht gefunden werden konnten. Die Hälfte der gefundenen ChatGPT-Quellen war in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß fehlerhaft (falscher Dokumenttyp, falscher Zeitschriftenname, falsche Seitenangabe). Im Durchschnitt war nur ein Viertel der bibliografischen Quellenangaben vollständig korrekt. Im Web of Science konnte nur ein Viertel der Quellenangaben nachgewiesen werden, diese waren aber größtenteils korrekt. Obige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ChatGPT-4 für das Verfassen von wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten – nicht nur aufgrund von ethischen und rechtlichen Bedenken – nicht empfohlen werden kann, da ein großer Teil der (zum Zeitpunkt des Verfassens dieser Arbeit gültigen Version) von ChatGPT generierten Referenzen nicht existiert oder teilweise fehlerhaft ist. Es ist weiter davon auszugehen, dass auch die erzeugten Texte teilweise erfunden sind oder von nicht referenzierten Quellen (Plagiate) stammen. Von ChatGPT erzeugte Texte müssen daher einer umfassenden Überprüfung unterzogen werden, die vor allem auf inhaltlicher Ebene nicht immer einfach sein dürfte. Die Autoren schließen sich daher der Empfehlung von Gimpel et al. (2023) an, dass ChatGPT beim Schreiben primär nur ergänzend (z. B. Rechtschreibkontrolle, Erstellung von Zusammenfassungen, Unterstützung bei der Ideengenerierung) verwendet werden sollte.
Vor 50 Jahren
Authors: Müller-Heiden Barbara 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
1971 hatte der damalige DGD-Präsident Prof. Dr. Helmut Arntz auf der internationalen FID-Konferenz in Ottawa die Ausrichtung der 37. FID-Konferenz 1974 in Deutschland angeboten. Der geplante Veranstaltungsort Berlin wurde zum Politikum. Berlin (West) stand unter dem Viermächte-Status. Die Vorbereitungen in der Bundesrepublik liefen trotz warnender Stimmen bald auf Hochtouren. Wegen der Kritik am Tagungsort wurden alternative Lösungen wie die räumliche Trennung des Kongresses – Generalversammlung in Bonn, Kongress in Berlin – durchdacht. Schlussendlich wurde die Konferenz in Deutschland abgesagt, ihre Durchführung an den Sitz der FID in den Niederlanden verlegt.
Product Liability on the Way to the Digital Age
Authors: Koch Bernhard A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper shall give an overview of the forthcoming changes to EU product liability law as foreseen by the planned new directive. While more details will be given by the further contributions to this issue, the key elements of the proposal will be outlined, with a particular focus on the expansion of the regime to software and other digital products. The contributions to this special issue of the Journal of European Tort Law (JETL) present and analyse the upcoming changes to product liability law in the EU. My task is to give a short introduction to where we stand, why we got here, and what the authors of the following articles will focus on in more detail.