bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Design: A journey through Doha, Havana and New York
Authors: Cardini Paolo 
Published: February 2015

Open Design is part of the new design wave that sets project sharing as key to speed up innovation and widen access to design products; Open Design is a direct descendent of the Open Source movement and focuses on product design. The research investigates which social, economical and cultural contexts represent the ideal ground for the growth and development of Open Design seeds. Three cities have been recognized as the perfect locations to set the research ground: Doha, a place where money and resources are not a problem, research receives great attention and capital, and the desire for notoriety is at the top of the agenda; Cuba, still suffering from embargo restrictions, lacks resources and money, but possesses great creativity and social awareness; and New York City, with its state-of-the-art that serves as a litmus test for new trends and ideas. The analysis of each reality contributed to figure out the correct responses to the topic.
This paper has been presented as part of the Tasmeem Exploration Platform during Tasmeem Conference, Doha 2013.
Orientalism today: Revisions and remakings
Authors: Hanson Debra 
Published: February 2015

This paper examines the transformative role of Orientalism – a form of visual, literary, and ideological hybrid making that has impacted East/West perceptions and relations from the nineteenth century to the present day—in historical and contemporary terms. It focuses on post-colonial revisions of Orientalism and its varied meanings, as evidenced by 1) the recently expanded body of scholarship on this topic; 2) the acquisition of important Orientalist works by museums and collectors in North Africa and the Gulf region, and 3) the appropriation and re-making of Orientalist imagery by contemporary Arab artists such as Lalla Essaydi. While interrogating Orientalism's colonialist and hegemonic affiliations, this paper also underscores the richness and complexity of the East/West cultural dialogue it has engendered.
This paper was presented as part of the Tasmeem Exploration Platform on March 17, 2013.
Measuring Protein‐Protein and Protein‐Nucleic Acid Interactions by Biolayer Interferometry
Authors: Sultana Azmiri , Lee Jeffrey E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBiolayer interferometry (BLI) is a simple, optical dip‐and‐read system useful for measuring interactions between proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, small molecules, and/or lipids in real time. In BLI, a biomolecular bait is immobilized on a matrix at the tip of a fiber‐optic sensor. The binding between the immobilized ligand and another molecule in an analyte solution produces a change in optical thickness at the tip and results in a wavelength shift proportional to binding. BLI provides direct binding affinities and rates of association and dissociation. This unit describes an efficient approach using streptavidin‐based BLI to analyze DNA‐protein and protein‐protein interactions. A quantitative set of equilibrium binding affinities (K
d) and rates of association and dissociation (k
a
/k
d) can be measured in minutes using nanomole quantities of sample. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ELISPOT Assay for Measurement of Antigen‐Specific and Polyclonal Antibody Responses
Authors: Lycke Nils , Coico Richard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for detection of antigen‐specific and polyclonal antibody responses by single antibody‐secreting cells has become the method of choice due to its cell‐based quantitative value. Antigen stability and specificity and the diversity of antigens that can be used in the assay have contributed to the translational application of ELISPOT as demonstrated by many FDA‐approved clinical tests that employ this technique. In addition, the ELISPOT assay can be used to detect two antigenically different secreted antibodies simultaneously by two‐color analysis and offers the unique possibility of quantifying the number of antibody molecules secreted per cell. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mouse Model for Pre‐Clinical Study of Human Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ya Zhiya , Hailemichael Yared , Overwijk Willem , Restifo Nicholas P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis unit describes protocols for developing tumors in mice, including subcutaneous growth, pulmonary metastases of B16 melanoma, and spontaneous melanoma in B‐Raf V600E/PTEN deletion transgenic mouse models. Two immunization methods to prevent B16 tumor growth are described using B16.GM‐CSF and recombinant vaccinia virus. A therapeutic approach is also included that uses adoptive transfer of tumor antigen–specific T cells. Methods including CTL induction, isolation, testing, and genetic modification of mouse T cells for adoptive transfer by using retrovirus‐expressing genes of interest are provided. Additional sections, including growing B16 melanoma, enumerating pulmonary metastases, tumor imaging technique, and use of recombinant viruses for vaccination, are discussed together with safety concerns. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Conductive polyaniline–polythiophene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite fiber: Effects of pH and washing processes on surface resistivity
Authors: Erdoğan Meryem Kalkan , Karakışla Meral , Saçak Mehmet 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA conductive polyaniline (PAn)–polythiophene (PTh)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composite fiber was prepared by polymerization of aniline and thiophene in the presence of PET fibers in an organic medium with FeCl3. The effects of polymerization conditions, such as polymerization medium, mol ratios of aniline/thiophene and FeCl3/aniline‐thiophene as well as polymerization temperature and time, were investigated on PAn–PTh content (%) and surface resistivity of the composite. The composite with the lowest surface resistivity (1.30 MΩ/cm2) was obtained by polymerization of aniline and thiophene (1/3 mol ratio) in acetonitrile/chloroform (1/5 volume ratio) at 20°C. The surface resistivity of the PAn–PTh/PET composite containing 4.8% PAn–PTh was increased from 1.9 MΩ/cm2 to 270 MΩ/cm2 at pH 11. The washing durability of the composites was determined with domestic and commercial laundering processes by monitoring the surface resistivity and morphology. The composite was also characterized with FTIR, TGA, elemental analysis, optic microscope and SEM techniques. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41979.
NIS/PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Diamination/Oxidation of N‐Alkenyl Formamidines: Facile Synthesis of Fused Tricyclic Ureas
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wu Weijie , Zhang Xuejun , Zhang Gengtao , Xu Sheng , Shi Min 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFacile synthesis of bicyclic ureas by NIS/PhI(OAc)2‐mediated diamination/oxidation of N‐alkenyl formamidines is reported. Bulky aromatic groups such as 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl and mesityl and alkyl groups were tolerated towards the process. Several control experiments have been performed, and the reaction outcomes indicate that the oxidation process is probably concerted with the diamination cyclization, and succinimide generated from NIS‐mediated aminoamidiniumation step promoted the PhI(OAc)2‐mediated oxidation step. The new methodology provides an efficient method for the synthesis of fused tricyclic ureas.
Model‐Free H∞ Control Design for Unknown Continuous‐Time Linear System Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming
Authors: Qin Chunbin , Zhang Huaguang , Luo Yanhong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a new online model‐free adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is developed to solve the H∞ control problem of the continuous‐time linear system with completely unknown system dynamics. Solving the game algebraic Riccati equation, commonly used in H∞ state feedback control design, is often referred to as a two‐player differential game where one player tries to minimize the predefined performance index while the other tries to maximize it. Using data generated in real time along the system trajectories, this new method can solve online the game algebraic Riccati equation without requiring the full knowledge of system dynamics. A rigorous proof of convergence of the proposed algorithm is given. Finally, simulation studies on two examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Combined spectroscopic and molecular docking approach to probing binding interactions between lovastatin and calf thymus DNA
Authors: Chen C.‐B. , Chen J. , Wang J. , Zhu Y.‐Y. , Shi J.‐H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe binding interaction of lovastatin with calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) was studied using UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), viscosity measurement and molecular docking methods. The experimental results showed that there was an obvious binding interaction of lovastatin with ct‐DNA and the binding constant (Kb) was 5.60 × 103 M–1 at 298 K. In the binding process of lovastatin with ct‐DNA, the enthalpy change (ΔH0) and entropy change (ΔS0) were –24.9 kJ/mol and –12.0 J/mol/K, respectively, indicating that the main binding interaction forces were van der Waal's force and hydrogen bonding. The molecular docking results suggested that lovastatin preferred to bind on the minor groove of different B‐DNA fragments and the conformation change of lovastatin in the lovastatin–DNA complex was obviously observed, implying that the flexibility of lovastatin molecule plays an important role in the formation of the stable lovastatin–ct‐DNA complex. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach for enantioseparation as applied to (RS)‐etodolac from pharmaceutical formulations: LC MS and density functional theory support for confirmation of diastereomers so separated
Authors: Singh Manisha , Bhushan Ravi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn the present studies formation of diastereomers of (RS)‐etodolac was confirmed using LC‐MS when [M + H]+ or [M]+ were recorded for the diastereomers. The lowest energy optimized structures of two diastereomers were drawn, which confirmed the three‐dimensional geometry of the diastereomers. This supports the optimized analytical separation conditions. In addition, separation of diastereomers was successful using a C18 column and a binary mixture of methanol and triethyl ammonium phosphate buffer of pH 4.5 (80:20, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 and UV detection at 223 nm. The separation method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. (RS)‐Etodolac was isolated from commercial tablets and purified and characterized to be used as racemic standard. Three pairs of diastereomers were synthesized using enantiomerically pure amines, namely, (R)‐(+)‐α‐methyl benzyl amine, (S)‐(−)‐α,4‐dimethylbenzylamine and (R)‐(−)‐1‐cyclohexylethylamine. Derivatization reactions were carried out under conditions of stirring at room temperature (30 °C for 2 h) as well as under microwave irradiation (MWI), and the two types of diastereomers were compared. Reaction conditions for derivatization were optimized with respect to mole ratio of chiral derivatizing agent and (RS)‐etodolac and MWI time. No racemization was observed throughout the study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H2O2: a Ca2+ or Mg2+‐sensing function in statin passive diffusion
Authors: Guillaume Yves Claude , Lethier Lydie , André Claire 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn a previous paper Guillaume's group demonstrated that magnesium (Mg2+ concentration range 0.00–2.60 mm) increased the passive diffusion of statins and thus played a role in their potential toxicity. In order to confirm an increase in this passive diffusion by divalent salt cations, the role of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the statin–immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) association was studied. It was demonstrated that calcium supplementation (Ca2+ concentration range 0.00–3.25 mm) increases the statin passive diffusion. In addition, it was shown that the Ca2+ effect on the statin–IAM association is higher than that of Mg2+. These results show that Ca2+ enhances the passive diffusion of drugs into biological membranes and thus their potential toxicity. Also, addition of H2O2 to the medium showed a hyperbolic response for the statin passive diffusion and this effect was enhanced for the highest Ca2+ or Mg2+ concentrations in the medium. H2O2 is likely to interact with the polar head groups of the IAM through dipole–dipole interactions. The conformational changes in H2O2–IAM result in a higher degree of exposure of hydrophobic areas, thus explaining why the binding of pravastatin, which showed the lowest logP value, was less affected by H2O2. This result shows the significant contribution of H2O2 and thus the oxidative stress on the statin passive diffusion. Much of the sensitivity derives from the action of Ca2+ or Mg2+, in turn supported the idea that H2O2 may serve a Ca2+ or Mg2+ sensing function in statin passive diffusion Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terminal innervation of the male genitalia, cutaneous sensory receptors of the male foreskin
Authors: Martín‐Alguacil Nieves , Cooper R. Scott , Aardsma Nathan , Mayoglou Lazarus , Pfaff Donald , Schober Justine 
Published: February 2015

PurposeUnderstanding the types of sensory nerve termini within the glabrous skin of the human male foreskin could throw light on surgical outcomes and therapeutic possibilities for the future. Various receptor types sense changes in temperature, position, pressure, pain, light touch, itch, burning and pleasurable sexual sensations. Similarities and differences in innervation characteristics and density might become apparent when the glans penis is compared with homologous structures in the female genitalia. The aim of this study is to document the presence and characteristics of cutaneous sensory receptors in the human penile foreskin using a histopathological study of the nerve termini to achieve a more complete understanding of sensory experiences.MethodsForeskin samples were obtained from ten boys (aged 1–9 years) who had undergone circumcision. Informed consent was obtained from the parent/legal guardian. The samples were examined after modified Bielschowsky silver impregnation of neural tissue, and immunocytochemistry against gene protein product (PGP) 9.5 and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE).ResultsPGP 9.5 appeared to be the most sensitive neural marker. Free nerve endings were identified in the papillary dermis visualized as thin fibers, mostly varicose, with either branched or single processes, either straight or bent. Two types of sensory corpuscle were identified: capsulated and non‐capsulated. Meissner‐like corpuscles were located in the papillary dermis. Capsulated corpuscles resembled typical Pacinian corpuscles, comprising a single central axon surrounded by non‐neural periaxonic cells and lamellae. The capsulated corpuscles were strongly positive for PGP 9.5 and NSE.ConclusionsFree nerve endings, Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles are present in the human male foreskin and exhibit characteristic staining patterns. Clin. Anat. 28:385–391, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient tetrahedral mesh generation based on sampling optimization
Authors: Zhou Yuanfeng , Zhang Caiming , Bo Pengbo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present a heuristic approach to tetrahedral mesh generation for implicit closed surfaces. It consists of a surface sampling step and a volume sampling step that both work in a unified optimization framework. First, high‐quality isotropic samplings as well as a triangular mesh on the surface are generated. Then uniform volume samplings are determined by optimizing the point distribution inside the closed surface domain. Finally, the tetrahedral mesh is easily obtained by constrained Delaunay triangulation. Experimental results show that the new method can generate ideal tetrahedral meshes for closed implicit surfaces efficiently that are Delaunay based. Our method has the advantage of high efficiency and nice performance at surface boundaries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Self‐Standing and Flexible Electrode of Yolk–Shell CoS2 Spheres Encapsulated with Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qiu Wenda , Jiao Jiqing , Xia Jian , Zhong Haimin , Chen Liuping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFlexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have recently attracted increasing attention with the fast development of bendable electronic systems. Herein, a facile and template‐free solvothermal method is presented for the fabrication of hybrid yolk–shell CoS2 and nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) sheets. The yolk–shell architecture of CoS2 encapsulated with NG coating is designed for the dual protection of CoS2 to address the structural and interfacial stability concerns facing the CoS2 anode. The as‐prepared composite can be assembled into a film, which can be used as a binder‐free and flexible electrode for LIBs that does not require any carbon black conducting additives or current collectors. When evaluating lithium‐storage properties, such a flexible electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 992 mAh g−1 in the first reversible discharge capacity at a current rate of 100 mA g−1 and high reversible capacity of 882 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles with excellent capacity retention of 89.91 %. Furthermore, a reversible capacity as high as 655 mAh g−1 is still achieved after 50 cycles even at a high rate of 5 C due to the yolk–shell structure and NG coating, which not only provide short Li‐ion and electron pathways, but also accommodate large volume variation.
Generating Selective Saccharide Binding Affinity of Phenyl Boronic Acids by using Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Corona Phases
Authors: Mu Bin , Ahn Jiyoung , McNicholas Thomas P. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSaccharides recognition is challenging due to their low affinity for substrates, yet this recognition is critical for human immunity and glycobiology. Herein, we demonstrate that a polymer or surfactant corona phase surrounding a single‐walled carbon nanotube can substantially modify the selectivity of pre‐adsorbed phenyl‐boronic acids (PBA) for mono‐, di‐, and poly‐saccharides. A library of 17 PBAs including carboxy, nitro, and amino PBA with ortho‐, meta‐, or para‐ substitutions are used to generate 144 distinct corona phases. Six in particular demonstrate significantly increased selectivity to specific saccharides including ribose (0.42 mol per total mol), arabinose (0.36), and glucose (0.25), but unusually diminished binding to fructose (0.02). Recognition proceeds by saccharide adsorption into the corona, followed by PBA reaction in a consecutive second order reaction. The results extend to larger saccharides, such as glycosaminoglycans, suggesting promise for protein glycosylation.
Push–Pull Triphenylamine Chromophore Syntheses and Optoelectronic Characterizations
Authors: Jeux Victorien , Segut Olivier , Demeter Dora , Alévêque Olivier , Leriche Philippe , Roncali Jean 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA series of push–pull molecules combining a diarylamine donor block with various electron‐acceptor units through phenylthienyl (PT) and bithienyl (TT) π‐conjugating spacers have been synthesized. Optical and electrochemical results, supported by theoretical calculations, show that the electronic properties of the molecules can be modulated by varying the strength of the acceptor group and/or the structure of the conjugating spacer. As a first evaluation of the potential of these compounds as donors in organic solar cells (OSC), simple planar heterojunction (PHJ) prototypes using fullerene C60 as electron acceptor have been fabricated. Most OSCs exhibit analogous photoconversion efficiencies in the 1.5–2 % range. Their characteristics are discussed in terms of structure–properties relationships.
Stem cells for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis modeling and therapy: Myth or fact?
Authors: Coatti G. C. , Beccari M. S. , Olávio T. R. , Mitne‐Neto M. , Okamoto O. K. , Zatz M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease whose pathophysiology is poorly understood. Aiming to better understand the cause of motor neuron death, the use of experimental cell‐based models increased significantly over the past years. In this scenario, much knowledge has been generated from the study of motor neurons derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. These methods, however, have advantages and disadvantages, which must be balanced on experimental design. Preclinical studies provide valuable information, making it possible to combine diverse methods to build an expanded knowledge of ALS pathophysiology. In addition to using stem cells as experimental models for understanding disease mechanism, these cells had been quoted for therapy in ALS. Despite ethical issues involved in its use, cell therapy with neural stem cells stands out. A phase I clinical trial was recently completed and a phase II is on its way, attesting the method's safety. In another approach, mesenchymal stromal cells capable of releasing neuroregulatory and anti‐inflammatory factors have also been listed as candidates for cell therapy for ALS, and have been admitted as safe in a phase I trial. Despite recent advances, application of stem cells as an actual therapy for ALS patients is still in debate. Here, we discuss how stem cells have been useful in modeling ALS and address critical topics concerning their therapeutic use, such as administration protocols, injection site, cell type to be administered, type of transplantation (autologous vs. allogeneic) among other issues with particular implications for ALS therapy. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Treadmill stimulation improves newborn stepping
Authors: Siekerman Kim , Barbu‐Roth Marianne , Anderson David I. , Donnelly Alan , Goffinet François , Teulier Caroline 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTo shed further light on infant stepping, we investigated whether newborns could step on a treadmill and adapt their steps to graded velocities. Twenty‐one newborns (mean = 3 days) were supported for 60 s trials on a treadmill that was static or moved at 13.4, 17.2, or 23.4 cm/s. Video analysis revealed that newborns made more real steps than in‐place “pumps” on the moving treadmill than on the static treadmill and made more real steps at 17.2 than 23.4 cm/s. While the treadmill had no effect on arousal, stepping increased and showed higher quality and coordination across conditions when infants were crying. These findings suggest that treadmill interventions currently used to promote the development of independent locomotion in infants at risk of delay could begin at birth. Further investigation is needed to establish the optimal conditions for newborn treadmill stepping and to specify how arousal affects step rate, quality, and coordination. © 2015Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 247–254, 2015.
Pyridoxine treatment alters embryonic motility in chicks: Implications for the role of proprioception
Authors: Sharp Andrew A. , Bekoff Anne 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSomatosensory feedback is important for the modulation of normal locomotion in adult animals, but we do not have a good understanding of when somatosensory information is first used to modulate motility during embryogenesis or how somatosensation is first used to regulate motor output. We used pyridoxine administration (vitamin B6), which is known to mostly kill proprioceptive neurons in adult mammals and embryonic chicks, to explore the role of proprioceptive feedback during early embryonic motility in the chick. Injection of pyridoxine on embryonic day 7 (E7) and E8 reduced the amplitude of leg movements recorded on E9 and the number of large, healthy neurons in the ventral‐lateral portion of the DRGs. We conclude that proprioception is initially used during embryogenesis to modulate the strength of motor output, but that it is not incorporated into other aspects of pattern generation until later in development as poly‐synaptic pathways develop. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 271–277, 2015.