bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Variability of the Hurst Exponent for the Daily Scale Rainfall Series in the State of Zacatecas, Mexico
Authors: Valle M. A. Velásquez , García G. Medina , Cohen Ignacio Sánchez , Klaudia Oleschko L. , Ruiz Corral J. A. , Korvin Gabor 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe structural pattern of rainfall data exhibits random fluctuations over time and space. Utilizing concepts of fractal theory, it has been possible to identify characteristics of rainfall data beyond simple statistical indicators of their randomness. The objective of this research was to identify the spatial variation of the Hurst exponent, extracted through standard wavelet techniques from time series of daily rainfall data in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico. The Hurst exponent was extracted for 26 locations using the reference techniques for auto-affine traces—in particular, the wavelets method. Results have shown that the Hurst exponents of rainfall time series are negatively influenced by altitude; thus, stations located at higher altitudes were characterized by Hurst exponents indicating more nonpersistent behavior. The trends among geographical variables (west longitude and latitude) and climatic parameters (annual rainfall and number of rainy days) and their relationship with the Hurst exponent were also analyzed.
Tracer Dispersion in the Turbulent Convective Layer
Authors: Skvortsov Alex , Jamriska Milan , DuBois Timothy C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Experimental results for passive tracer dispersion in the turbulent surface layer under convective conditions are presented. In this case, the dispersion of tracer particles is determined by the interplay of two mechanisms: buoyancy and advection. In the atmospheric surface layer under unstable stratification the buoyancy mechanism dominates when the distance from the ground is greater than the Monin–Obukhov length, resulting in a different exponent in the scaling law for relative separation of Lagrangian particles (a deviation from the celebrated Richardson's law). This conclusion is supported by atmospheric observations. Exit-time statistics and a probability density function of concentration increments derived from a previously published experimental dataset demonstrate a noticeable difference between tracer dispersion in the convective and neutrally stratified surface layers.
Measured and Estimated Water Vapor Advection in the Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Higgins Chad W. , Pardyjak Eric , Froidevaux Martin , Simeonov Valentin , Parlange Marc B. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The flux of water vapor due to advection is measured using high-resolution Raman lidar that was orientated horizontally across a land–lake transition. At the same time, a full surface energy balance is performed to assess the impact of scalar advection on energy budget closure. The flux of water vapor due to advection is then estimated with analytical solutions to the humidity transport equation that show excellent agreement with the field measurements. Although the magnitude of the advection was not sufficient to account for the total energy deficit for this field site, the analytical approach is used to explore situations where advection would be the dominant transport mechanism. The authors find that advection is at maximum when the measurement height is 0.036 times the distance to a land surface transition. The framework proposed in this paper can be used to predict the potential impact of advection on surface flux measurements prior to field deployment and can be used as a data analysis algorithm to calculate the flux of water vapor due to advection from field measurements.
An easy, simple inexpensive test for the specific detection of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum based on sequence analysis of the pmrA gene
Authors: Kettani-Halabi Mohamed , Terta Meriam , Amdan Mohamed , El Fahime El Mostafa , Bouteau François , Ennaji Moulay Mustapha 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
The species Pectobacterium carotovorum includes a diverse subspecies of bacteria that cause disease on a wide variety of plants. In Morocco, approximately 95% of the P. carotovorum isolates from potato plants with tuber soft rot are P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. However, identification of this pathogen is not always related to visual disease symptoms. This is especially true when different pathogen cause similar diseases on potato, citing as an example, P. carotovorum, P. atrosepticum and P. wasabiae. Numerous conventional methods were used to characterize Pectobacterium spp., including biochemical assays, specific PCR-based tests, and construction of phylogenetic trees by using gene sequences. In this study, an alternative method is presented using a gene linked to pathogenicity, in order to allow accuracy at subspecies level. The pmrA gene (response regulator) has been used for identification and analysis of the relationships among twenty nine Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and other Pectobacterium subspecies.

Results
Phylogenetic analyses of pmrA sequences compared to ERIC-PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing, demonstrated that there is considerable genetic diversity in P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains, which can be divided into two distinct groups within the same clade.

Conclusions

pmrA sequence analysis is likely to be a reliable tool to identify the subspecies Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and estimate their genetic diversity.
Evaluation of a birth preparation program on lumbopelvic pain, urinary incontinence, anxiety and exercise: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Miquelutti Maria Amélia , Cecatti José Guilherme , Makuch Maria Yolanda 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Antenatal preparation programmes are recommended worldwide to promote a healthy pregnancy and greater autonomy during labor and delivery, prevent physical discomfort and high levels of anxiety. The objective of this study was to evaluate effectiveness and safety of a birth preparation programme to minimize lumbopelvic pain, urinary incontinence, anxiety, and increase physical activity during pregnancy as well as to compare its effects on perinatal outcomes comparing two groups of nulliparous women.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 197 low risk nulliparous women aged 16 to 40 years, with gestational age ≥ 18 weeks. Participants were randomly allocated to participate in a birth preparation programme (BPP; n=97) or a control group (CG; n=100). The intervention was performed on the days of prenatal visits, and consisted of physical exercises, educational activities and instructions on exercises to be performed at home. The control group followed a routine of prenatal care. Primary outcomes were urinary incontinence, lumbopelvic pain, physical activity, and anxiety. Secondary outcomes were perinatal variables.

Results
The risk of urinary incontinence in BPP participants was significantly lower at 30 weeks of pregnancy (BPP 42.7%, CG 62.2%; relative risk [RR] 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-0.93) and at 36 weeks of pregnancy (BPP 41.2%, CG 68.4%; RR 0.60; 95%CI 0.45-0.81). Participation in the BPP encouraged women to exercise during pregnancy (p=0.009). No difference was found between the groups regarding to anxiety level, lumbopelvic pain, type or duration of delivery and weight or vitality of the newborn infant.

Conclusions
The BPP was effective in controlling urinary incontinence and to encourage the women to exercise during pregnancy with no adverse effects to pregnant women or the fetuses.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, (NCT01155804)
Differential protein expression in perfusates from metastasized rat livers
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Menglin , Wei Lilong , Zhu Lisi , Hu Siqi , Wu Shuzhen , Ma Sucan , Gao Youhe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundLiver perfusates exhibit theoretical advantages regarding the discovery of disease biomarkers because they contain proteins that readily enter the blood-stream, and perfusion preserves the disease state in its natural context. The purpose of the study is to explore the value of liver perfusate proteome in the biomarker discovery of liver diseases.ResultsIn this study, 86 differentially expressed proteins were identified in perfusates from isolated rat livers metastasized by Walker-256 tumor cells. Among these proteins, 27 were predicted to be secreted, and 59 were intracellular or membrane proteins. Most of the secretory proteins (70.4%) were decreased in metastasized liver perfusates. The main canonical ingenuity pathway to which these secretory proteins belonged was acute phase response, which indicated that the liver-associated immune reaction was damaged by the metastasis. In contrast, most of the intracellular or membrane proteins (86.4%) exhibited higher relative abundances in the metastasized liver perfusates. Some of these proteins, including Rpl21, Atic, Eif3s2, Echs1, Eps15 and Ywhab, have previously been reported to be involved in cancer genesis and progression. As a member of the 14-3-3 protein family, Ywhab plays a key role in cellular proliferation and oncogenic transformation and has been reported to be involved in the development of breast cancer. Its abundance was elevated by 3.5-fold in the metastasized perfusates. Validation by Western blotting revealed a 3.7-fold increase in the abundance of this protein in metastasized plasma.ConclusionsThese results show that perfusate proteome can be used as an alternative initial resource for biomarker identification, which ultimately requires validation in serum.
Ubiquitin conjugation to Gag is essential for ESCRT-mediated HIV-1 budding
Authors: Sette Paola , Nagashima Kunio , Piper Robert C , Bouamr Fadila 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
HIV-1 relies on the host ESCRTs for release from cells. HIV-1 Gag engages ESCRTs by directly binding TSG101 or Alix. ESCRTs also sort ubiquitinated membrane proteins through endosomes to facilitate their lysosomal degradation. The ability of ESCRTs to recognize and process ubiquitinated proteins suggests that ESCRT-dependent viral release may also be controlled by ubiquitination. Although both Gag and ESCRTs undergo some level of ubiquitination, definitive demonstration that ubiquitin is required for viral release is lacking. Here we suppress ubiquitination at viral budding sites by fusing the catalytic domain of the Herpes Simplex UL36 deubiquitinating enzyme (DUb) onto TSG101, Alix, or Gag.

Results
Expressing DUb-TSG101 suppressed Alix-independent HIV-1 release and viral particles remained tethered to the cell surface. DUb-TSG101 had no effect on budding of MoMLV or EIAV, two retroviruses that rely on the ESCRT machinery for exit. Alix-dependent virus release such as EIAV’s, and HIV-1 lacking access to TSG101, was instead dramatically blocked by co-expressing DUb-Alix. Finally, Gag-DUb was unable to support virus release and dominantly interfered with release of wild type HIV-1. Fusion of UL36 did not effect interactions with Alix, TSG101, or Gag and all of the inhibitory effects of UL36 fusion were abolished when its catalytic activity was ablated. Accordingly, Alix, TSG101 and Gag fused to inactive UL36 functionally replaced their unfused counterparts. Interestingly, coexpression of the Nedd4-2s ubiquitin ligase suppressed the ability of DUb-TSG101 to inhibit HIV-1 release while also restoring detectable Gag ubiquitination at the membrane. Similarly, incorporation of Gag-Ub fusion proteins into virions lifted DUb-ESCRT inhibitory effect. In contrast, Nedd4-2s did not suppress the inhibition mediated by Gag-DUb despite restoring robust ubiquitination of TSG101/ESCRT-I at virus budding sites.

Conclusions
These studies demonstrate a necessary and natural role for ubiquitin in ESCRT-dependent viral release and indicate a critical role for ubiquitination of Gag rather than ubiquitination of ESCRTs themselves.
Dicer is required for neural stem cell multipotency and lineage progression during cerebral cortex development
Authors: Saurat Nathalie , Andersson Therese , Vasistha Navneet A , Molnar Zoltan , Livesey Frederick J 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
During cerebral cortex development, multipotent neural progenitor cells generate a variety of neuronal subtypes in a fixed temporal order. How a single neural progenitor cell generates the diversity of cortical projection neurons in a temporal sequence is not well understood. Based on their function in developmental timing in other systems, Dicer and microRNAs are potential candidate regulators of cellular pathways that control lineage progression in neural systems.

Results
Cortex-specific deletion of Dicer results in a marked reduction in the cellular complexity of the cortex, due to a pronounced narrowing in the range of neuronal types generated by Dicer-null cortical stem and progenitor cells. Instead of generating different classes of lamina-specific neurons in order over the 6-day period of neurogenesis, Dicer null cortical stem and progenitor cells continually produce one class of deep layer projection neuron. However, gliogenesis in the Dicer-null cerebral cortex was not delayed, despite the loss of multipotency and the failure of neuronal lineage progression.

Conclusions
We conclude that Dicer is required for regulating cortical stem cell multipotency with respect to neuronal diversity, without affecting the larger scale switch from neurogenesis to gliogenesis. The differences in phenotypes reported from different timings of Dicer deletion indicate that the molecular pathways regulating developmental transitions are notably dosage sensitive.
Specific mutations in H5N1 mainly impact the magnitude and velocity of the host response in mice
Authors: Tchitchek Nicolas , Eisfeld Amie J , Tisoncik-Go Jennifer , Josset Laurence , Gralinski Lisa E , Bécavin Christophe , Tilton Susan C , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo , Ferris Martin T , Totura Allison L , Li Chengjun , Neumann Gabriele , Metz Thomas O , Smith Richard D , Waters Katrina M , Baric Ralph , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Katze Michael G 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Influenza infection causes respiratory disease that can lead to death. The complex interplay between virus-encoded and host-specific pathogenicity regulators – and the relative contributions of each toward viral pathogenicity – is not well-understood.

Results
By analyzing a collection of lung samples from mice infected by A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1; VN1203), we characterized a signature of transcripts and proteins associated with the kinetics of the host response. Using a new geometrical representation method and two criteria, we show that inoculation concentrations and four specific mutations in VN1203 mainly impact the magnitude and velocity of the host response kinetics, rather than specific sets of up- and down- regulated genes. We observed analogous kinetic effects using lung samples from mice infected with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1), and we show that these effects correlate with morbidity and viral titer.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated the importance of the kinetics of the host response to H5N1 pathogenesis and its relationship with clinical disease severity and virus replication. These kinetic properties imply that time-matched comparisons of ‘omics profiles to viral infections give limited views to differentiate host-responses. Moreover, these results demonstrate that a fast activation of the host-response at the earliest time points post-infection is critical for protective mechanisms against fast replicating viruses.
The effect of removing plugs and adding arch support to foam based insoles on plantar pressures in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Lin Tung‐Liang , Sheen Huey‐Min , Chung Chin‐Teng , Yang Sai‐Wei , Lin Shih‐Yi , Luo Hong‐Ji , Chen Chung‐Yu , Chan I‐Cheng , Shih Hsu‐Sheng , Sheu Wayne Huey‐Herng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundRemovable plug insoles appear to be beneficial for patients with diabetic neuropathic feet to offload local plantar pressure. However, quantitative evidence of pressure reduction by means of plug removal is limited. The value of additional insole accessories, such as arch additions, has not been tested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of removing plugs from foam based insoles, and subsequently adding extra arch support, on plantar pressures.MethodsIn‐shoe plantar pressure measurements were performed on 26 patients with diabetic neuropathic feet at a baseline condition, in order to identify the forefoot region with the highest mean peak pressure (MPP). This was defined as the region of interest (ROI) for plug removal.The primary outcome was measurement of MPP using the pedar® system in the baseline and another three insole conditions (pre‐plug removal, post‐plug removal, and post‐plug removal plus arch support).ResultsAmong the 26 ROIs, a significant reduction in MPP (32.3%, P<0.001) was found after removing the insole plugs. With an arch support added, the pressure was further reduced (9.5%, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in MPP at non‐ROIs between pre‐ and post‐plug removal conditions.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that forefoot plantar pressure can be reduced by removing plugs and adding arch support to foam‐based insoles. This style of insole may therefore be clinically useful in managing patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
PARma: identification of microRNA target sites in AGO-PAR-CLIP data
Authors: Erhard Florian , Dölken Lars , Jaskiewicz Lukasz , Zimmer Ralf 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPARma is a complete data analysis software for AGO-PAR-CLIP experiments to identify target sites of microRNAs as well as the microRNA binding to these sites. It integrates specific characteristics of the experiments into a generative model. The model and a novel pattern discovery tool are iteratively applied to data to estimate seed activity probabilities, cluster confidence scores and to assign the most probable microRNA. Based on differential PAR-CLIP analysis and comparison to RIP-Chip data, we show that PARma is more accurate than existing approaches. PARma is available from http://www.bio.ifi.lmu.de/PARma
Identification and molecular characterization of a novel Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant defective in chlorophyll biosynthesis
Authors: Grovenstein Phillip B , Wilson Darryel A , Lennox Cameron G , Smith Katherine P , Contractor Alisha A , Mincey Jonathan L , Lankford Kathryn D , Smith Jacqueline M , Haye Tashana C , Mitra Mautusi 
Published: July 2013

The green micro-algaChlamydomonasreinhardtiiis an elegant model organism to study all aspects of oxygenic photosynthesis. Chlorophyll (Chl) and heme are major tetrapyrroles that play an essential role in energy metabolism in photosynthetic organisms and are synthesized via a common branched tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway. One of the enzymes in the pathway is Mg chelatase (MgChel) which inserts Mg2+into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX, proto) to form magnesium-protoporphyrin IX (MgPPIX, Mgproto), the first biosynthetic intermediate in the Chl branch. MgChel is a multimeric enzyme that consists of three subunits designated CHLD, CHLI and CHLH. Plants have two isozymes of CHLI (CHLI1 and CHLI2) which are 70%-81% identical in protein sequences. Although the functional role of CHLI1 is well characterized, that of CHLI2 is not. We have isolated a non-photosynthetic light sensitive mutant5A7by random DNA insertional mutagenesis that is devoid of any detectable Chl. PCR based analyses show that5A7is missing theCHLI1gene and at least eight additional functionally uncharacterized genes.5A7has an intactCHLI2gene. Complementation with a functional copy of theCHLI1gene restored Chl biosynthesis, photo-autotrophic growth and light tolerance in5A7. We have identified the firstchli1 (chli1-1)mutant ofChlamydomonas reinhardtiiand in green algae. Our results show that in the wild typeChlamydomonasCHLI2 protein amount is lower than that of CHLI1 and thechli1-1mutant has a drastic reduction in CHLI2 protein levels although it possesses theCHLI2gene. Ourchli1-1 mutant opens up new avenues to explore the functional roles of CHLI1 and CHLI2 in Chl biosynthesis inChlamydomonas,which has never been studied before.
A toolkit for transgenesis at the ROSA26 locus by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
Authors: Williams Kristina , Zhao Xiaoyun , Chick Wallace S 
Published: July 2013

We describe a toolkit to perform transgenesis at the ROSA26 locus by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange that will eliminate the inherent problem of random insertion via traditional pronuclear injection. A recombination site-tagged embryonic stem (ES) cell line and two cloning vectors were constructed to facilitate the generation of targeted ES cells with the transgene of interest at ROSA26. The experimental procedure is simple and efficient, and can be readily adapted in many laboratories for rapid generation of transgenic mice.
XIX-wieczna arystokracja polska w Galicji Wschodniej wobec ruskich (ukraińskich) aspiracji narodowych
Authors: Arkusza Ołena , Mudryj Marian 
Published: July 2013

Польська аристократія у Східній Галичині ХІХ століття щодо українських національних прагнень
Ставлення польських землевласників Східної Галичини до українського національного руху від середини ХІХ століття визначав страх втратити політичну та матеріальну перевагу в краю. Як спосіб розв’язання українського питання найпопулярнішою серед тогочасної галицької аристократії була формула gente Rutheni, natione Poloni. Тому аристократи часто називали себе „русинами” (у територіальному значенні) і наполягали на своєму праві представляти інтереси „Русі”. Зовнішнім проявом таких настроїв були ініційовані час до часу спроби польсько-українського порозуміння. Частіше вони мали протилежні до планованих наслідки – замість поєднання (з підпорядкуванням українців польським національно-політичним цілям і втриманням українського суспільства в межах польського культурно-інтелектуального простору) вони показували стрімкий процес національної емансипації українців, і в певному сенсі тільки загострювали міжнаціональний конфлікт. З іншого боку, ті ж угодові акції на коротку перспективу впорядковували емоції, створювали ілюзію поєднання, так необхідну для підтримання відносної рівноваги в суспільстві. У своїх намаганнях вмістити національні прагнення українців у патріархальні межі східногалицькі аристократи втратили відчуття реального часу. На початку ХХ століття вони вже не могли на рівних конкурувати з угрупованням національних демократів (ендеків), які будували свої політичні та національні стратегії на засадах модерного націоналізму. У цьому розумінні аристократи програли „українське питання”. Програли не тільки українцям, а й полякам з табору ендеків, які відкрито декларували неможливість повернення давніх часів і виступали за безкомпромісну національну боротьбу.
Tomasz Różycki
Authors: Farré Xavier 
Published: July 2013

Tomasz Różycki. Matching Geography and Imagination
The present mini essay analyses the literary output of Tomasz Różycki, a Polish poet belonging to the middle generation, who occupies now the central position among the poets of his generation. Różycki diverges from other poets because of his specific understanding of the poetic tradition and its development in modern times.
No dirás falso testimonio contra tu prójimo
Authors: Sawicka Anna 
Published: July 2013

Nie będziesz mówił fałszywego świadectwa przeciw bliźniemu twemu. Himmelweg Juana Mayorgi w Krakowie
Artykuł zawiera trzy wątki: analizę dramatu Himmelweg hiszpańskiego dramaturga Juana Mayorgi, zainspirowanego wydarzeniami w getcie Terezin, krytyczny przegląd recenzji dokumentujących recepcję jego spektaklu na świecie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem krakowskiej inscenizacji w 2011 r. w Teatrze im. J. Słowackiego, w reżyserii Katarzyny Kalwat, oraz opis poświęconych dramatowi i spektaklowi zajęć w ramach przedmiotu „Współczesny teatr hiszpański”. Konkluzja zwraca uwagę na złożoność i aktualność utworu, interpretowanego jako współczesny moralitet, a także na korzyści dydaktyczne oraz intelektualne, jakie przyniosło poświęcenie mu zajęć, których gościem specjalnym była reżyserka spektaklu.