bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Passerini and Passerini–Knoevenagel Reactions with vic‐Diketo Amides
Authors: Roßbach Jan , Harms Klaus , Koert Ulrich 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Passerini reaction of vic‐diketo amides with a variety of isocyanides and carboxylic acids has been examined. α‐Acyloxy β‐keto carboxamides were formed regioselectively as the major products. For the Passerini reactions with electron‐withdrawing‐group‐substituted acetic acids, a one‐pot Passerini–Knoevenagel reaction was accomplished by the addition of triethylamine.
Simultaneous Determination of Isoproterenol, Acetaminophen and Folic Acid Using a Novel Nanostructure‐Based Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Hosseinzadeh Laleh , Khoshroo Alireza , Naeimi Hossein , Moradian Mohsen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this study, a carbon paste electrode modified with (E)‐2‐((2‐chlorophenylimino)methyl)benzene‐1,4‐diol (CD) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) was used to prepare a novel electrochemical sensor. The objective of this novel electrode modification was to seek new electrochemical performances for the detection of isoproterenol (IP) in the presence of acetaminophen (AC) and folic acid (FA). Initially, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to investigate the redox properties of this modified electrode at various scan rates. In the following, the mediated oxidation of IP at the modified electrode was described. The results showed an efficient catalytic activity of the electrode for the electrooxidation of IP, which leads to a reduction in its overpotential by more than 235 mV. The value of the electron transfer coefficient (α), catalytic rate constant (kh) and diffusion coefficient (D) were calculated for IP, using electrochemical approaches. Based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the oxidation of IP exhibited a dynamic range between 0.5 and 1000 µM and a detection limit (3σ) of 0.47 µM. DPV was used for simultaneous determination of IP, AC and FA at the modified electrode. Finally, this method was used for the determination of IP in real samples, using standard addition method.
Experimental validation of a simplified model for rolling isolation systems
Authors: Harvey P. Scott , Zéhil Gérard‐Philippe , Gavin Henri P. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYRolling isolation systems (RISs) protect mission‐critical equipment and valuable property from earthquake hazards by decoupling the dynamic responses of vibration‐sensitive objects from horizontal floor motions. These responses involve the constrained rolling of steel balls between bowl‐shaped surfaces. The light damping of steel balls rolling between steel plates can be augmented by adhering thin rubber sheets to the plates, thereby increasing the rolling resistance and decreasing the displacement demand on the RIS. An assessment of the ability of lightly‐ and heavily‐damped RISs to mitigate the hazard of seismically induced failures requires high‐fidelity models that can adequately capture the systems' intrinsic nonlinear behavior. The simplified model presented in this paper is applicable to RISs with any potential energy function, is amenable to both lightly‐ and heavily‐damped RISs, and is validated through the successful prediction of peak responses for a wide range of disturbance frequencies and intensities. The validated model can therefore be used to compute the spectra of peak floor motions for which displacement demands equal capacity. These spectra are compared with representative floor motion spectra provided by the American Society of Civil Engineers 7–10. The damping provided by rolling between thin viscoelastic sheets increases the allowable floor motion intensity by a factor of 2–3, depending on the period of motion. Acceleration responses of isolation systems with damping supplied in this fashion do not grow with increased damping, even for short‐period excitations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity Analysis for a Planar SOFC: Size Effects of the Porous Gas Diffusion Layer Underneath the Channel Rib
Authors: Zeng Y. K. , Fan P. , Zhang X. , Fu C. , Li J. , Li G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the size effects of the gas diffusion layer underneath the channel rib on the performance of a planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Based on 3‐dimensional numerical simulations, the sensitivities of the electrical performance parameters (Nernst potential and current density) and the thermal performance parameters (heat generation and temperature) are examined as a function of variations in the channel rib width and anode thickness. The sensitivity values of the Nernst potential and current density are calculated to guide the design of a cell in a planar SOFC. In particular, the changes in ohmic losses for the interconnectors and anode are analyzed as a function of the variations of the channel rib width and anode thickness. The variations of the mole fractions of hydrogen, oxygen, and water in the active areas of the channel rib and the channel are presented, which provide sensitivity profiles for gas diffusion with respect to changes in the anode thickness.
Neue Untersuchungen zum Systemverhalten von Lockermassenfüllsäulen alter Tiefbauschächte
Authors: Scherbeck Rainer , Barciaga Thomas , König Diethard , Wollnik Frank , Schanz Tom 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDer derzeitige Kenntnisstand zum Systemverhalten von mit Lockermassen versetzten Füllsäulen alter Tiefbauschächte ist durch die Untersuchungen der WBK aus den 1970er‐Jahren geprägt. Die damals erzielten Ergebnisse fanden Eingang in die fachspezifischen Richtlinien der Bergbehörde und manifestierten die mit Lockermassenfüllsäulen verbundene, besondere Gefahrensituation, z.B. über die Vorgabe eines Sogansatzes bei der Bemessung von Schachtabdeckungen.Im Zuge der Aufstellung eines Risiko‐Managementsystems zum Umgang mit bergbaulichen Tagesöffnungen der RAG ergab sich die Notwendigkeit einer differenzierten Neubewertung der Lagestabilität von Lockermassenfüllsäulen. Hierzu wurde u.a. die Durchführung von Zentrifugen‐Modellversuchen mit Variation verschiedener Modellparameter konzipiert. In diesen Versuchen sollen insbesondere die Voraussetzungen bzw. die Auslöser für das plötzliche Auslaufen von Lockermassenfüllsäulen ermittelt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die erzielten Ergebnisse und daraus getroffenen Ableitungen vorgestellt, aus denen eine differenzierte Sichtweise auf die Gefährlichkeit von Lockermassenfüllsäulen erkennbar ist.Investigations on stability behaviour of non‐cohesive filled shafts. State‐of‐the‐art knowledge on stability of abandoned mining shafts filled with mostly granular, low cohesive materials is based on model testing by WBK in the 1970ies. Results from this research are incorporated in specific recommendations of the mining authorities, e.g. assuming suction load on shaft covering slabs. While introducing an active risk managing procedure on abandoned shafts, RAG decided to relaunch research activities on this topic. Using a geotechnical centrifuge facility, a comprehensive test series was performed with major results presented in this paper that lead to an updated view on fill stability in abandoned mining shafts.
Exploring resource use and associated costs in end‐of‐life care for older people with dementia in residential care homes
Authors: Amador Sarah , Goodman Claire , King Derek , Ng Yi Ting , Elmore Natasha , Mathie Elspeth , Machen Ina , Knapp Martin 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveThe goals of this study are to describe end‐of‐life care costs of older people with dementia (OPWD) residents in care homes (CHs) with no on‐site nursing and evaluate the economic case for an intervention designed to improve end‐of‐life care for OPWD in CHs.MethodsPhase 1 tracked for a year, from March 2009, health services received by 133 OPWD in six residential CHs in the East of England. CH and resident characteristics were obtained through standardised assessment tools, interviews with CH managers and publicly available information from the independent regulator of social care services in England. Phase 2 used a modified Appreciative Inquiry intervention that ran for 6 months from January 2011, in three of the six CHs. Wilcoxon matched‐pairs sign‐rank tests were conducted to compare total cost and cost components during Phases 1 and 2 for those residents who had participated in both.ResultsCosts for each resident in Phase 1 were about £2800 per month, including service, accommodation and medication. Resource use was associated with resident characteristics. The intervention was perceived as having a positive impact on working relationships between CHs and visiting health care practitioners. Following the intervention total service costs fell by 43%. Hospital care costs fell by 88%.ConclusionsResults presented here represent early work in an under‐researched area of care. Appreciative Inquiry appears to improve and change working relationships with promising outcomes, but more research is needed to test these findings further with larger samples and more robust controls. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quadrupole mass filter operation under the influence of magnetic field
Authors: Syed S. U. A. H. , Maher S. , Taylor S. 
Published: December 2013

This work demonstrates resolution enhancement of a quadrupole mass filter (QMF) under the influence of a static magnetic field. Generally, QMF resolution can be improved by increasing the number of rf cycles an ion experiences when passing through the mass filter. In order to improve the resolution, the dimensions of the QMF or the operating parameters need to be changed. However, geometric modifications to improve performance increase the manufacturing cost and usually the size of the instrument. By applying a magnetic field, a low‐cost, small footprint instrument with reduced power requirements can be realized.Significant improvement in QMF resolution was observed experimentally for certain magnetic field conditions, and these have been explained in terms of our theoretical model developed at the University of Liverpool. This model is capable of accurate simulation of spectra allowing the user to specify different values of mass spectrometer dimensions and applied input signals. The model predicts enhanced instrument resolution R>26 000 for a CO2 and N2 mixture with a 200‐mm long mass filter operating in stability zone 3 via application of an axial magnetic field. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of prognostic factors and the impact of palliative resection on survival of patients with stage IV hepatolithiasis‐associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guo‐wei , Lin Jian‐hua , Qian Jian‐ping , Zhou Jie 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundHepatolithiasis‐associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHHCC) has a poor prognosis, because of lower curative resection rate when diagnosed in the advanced stage. There has been insufficient data regarding prognostic factors and the impact of palliative resection on its outcome.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 78 eligible patients with stage IV IHHCC was performed. The potential prognostic factors were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients were divided into groups A (margin positive) and B (nonresection) based on surgical methods. Demographic and operative data were compared.ResultsOf 78 surgeries, R1 was achieved in 11, R2 in 21 and nonresection in 46 patients. Median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 10.5 months. Surgery (P < 0.01), tumor differentiation (P = 0.03), AJCC stage (P < 0.01), and serum CEA levels (P < 0.01) were independent prognostic factors. Significant differences were achieved in OS (P < 0.01), operation time (P < 0.01), estimated blood loss (P < 0.01), and postoperative complications (P = 0.02) between groups A and B.ConclusionsFor patients with stage IV IHHCC, palliative resection is a rational and effective treatment. Normal serum CEA levels, higher tumor differentiation, and stage IVa predict good prognosis in stage IV IHHCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:494–499. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Global Companies are Really Led
Authors: Thomas Robert J. , Bellin Joshua , Jules Claudy , Lynton Nandani 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThomas, Bellin, Jules, and Lynton interviewed 50 C‐level executives from 39 countries on five continents to learn more about the evolution of leadership at top companies. They uncovered four configurations described in more detail in the article: kitchen cabinets, tiger teams, advocates, and operators. Each “represents a pattern of behavior and roles that can be taken on for a specific purpose and period of time.” The interviewees represented such major global players as the home improvement retailers Kingfisher, the hospitality company Four Seasons, the General Electric French subsidiary Converteam, and the Indian conglomerate Tata Group.
How is Innovation in China Different?
Authors: Wu Po Chi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTo understand the phenomenal economic rise of China in recent years, you have to look at what innovation means and represents there. Po Chi Wu explains that the market is different because consumers are different than those in the West, including having less sophistication about products. For an innovative company to succeed in China, four factors are crucial: (1) getting big fast to withstand copycat competitors, (2) getting explicit or implicit government approval at local and/or central levels, (3) quickly generating revenue, and (4) continuing to attract talent for the right intellectual capital.
An Effective Mitigation for Phosphine Present in Ammunition Container Assemblies and in Munitions Containing Red Phosphorus
Authors: Manton Graham , Endsor Robert M. , Hammond Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA major issue associated with munitions containing red phosphorus is that, during storage, red phosphorus can react, in the presence of moisture and air, to form a mixture of corrosive phosphorus acids and the toxic gas phosphine. This has raised serious concerns relating to the health and safety of personnel handling these munitions. This paper details the studies undertaken to assess the suitability of a chemically impregnated activated carbon cloth (phosphine getter material – PGM) for the static adsorption of phosphine evolved from munitions containing red phosphorus and its effective mitigation of phosphine present in both ammunition container assemblies and within the main body of munitions of this type. Laboratory assessment of PGM was undertaken along with real‐life ammunition container assembly trials covering several munitions containing red phosphorus and accelerated ageing trials using modified countermeasure cartridges. Reaction products formed from the reaction of phosphine with chemical impregnates were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX). Aqueous extraction of the phosphine reacted PGM confirmed the presence of the acidic species orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) and phosphorus acid (H3PO3).
Clinical Case Reporting in the Peer‐Reviewed Physical Therapy Literature: Time to Move Toward Functioning
Authors: Davenport Todd E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPhysical therapists increasingly are contributing clinical case reports to the health literature, which form the basis for higher quality evidence that has been incorporated into clinical practice guidelines. Yet, few resources exist to assist physical therapists with the basic mechanics and quality standards of producing a clinical case report. This situation is further complicated by the absence of uniform standards for quality in case reporting. The importance of including a concise yet comprehensive description of patient functioning in all physical therapy case reports suggest the potential appropriateness of basing quality guidelines on the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) model. The purpose of this paper is to assist physical therapists in creating high‐quality clinical case reports for the peer‐reviewed literature using the ICF model as a guiding framework. Along these lines, current recommendations related to the basic mechanics of writing a successful clinical case report are reviewed, as well and a proposal for uniform clinical case reporting requirements is introduced with the aim to improve the quality and feasibility of clinical case reporting in physical therapy that are informed by the ICF model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal bonding strength in low‐temperature processed titanium using atomic force microscopy with single‐wall carbon nanotube tip
Authors: Choi E. M. , Cui Y. H. , Kwon S. H. , Kim A. R. , Choi H. S. , Lee S. J. , Pyo S. G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe report the development of a Ti–Ti bonding process at a low bonding temperature below 200 °C using chemically surface‐activated Ti thin films and a reliable evaluation method for measuring the Ti–Ti bond strength by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using Ti as an interlayer enables void‐free bonding because Ti exhibits fast diffusion and oxide solubility. On the other hand, wafer bonding is an important processing step for 3D circuit integration that requires a high reliability of the process. However, the reliability of bonding‐strength values obtained by employing conventional measurement devices is limited by comparably large measurement errors and restricted the availability of suitable sample material. In this study, the use of AFM to measure the bonding strength is proposed. The interfacial bonding properties depend on the Ti deposition parameters. A bonding temperature of 200 °C was found to be appropriate for the development of a low bonding temperature wafer‐bonding process. The pretreatment methods like plasma activation and chemical activation at 200 °C result in a Ti bonding strength of approximately 8.22 J/m2, sufficient for applications in 3D circuit integration. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Potential diagnostic consequences of applying non‐invasive prenatal testing: population‐based study from a country with existing first‐trimester screening
Authors: Petersen O. B. , Vogel I. , Ekelund C. , Hyett J. , Tabor A. ,   the Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group,   the Danish Clinical Genetics Study Group
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTargeted non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) tests for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 and sex chromosome aneuploidies and could be an alternative to traditional karyotyping. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of missing other abnormal karyotypes of probable phenotypic significance by NIPT.MethodsThis was a retrospective population‐based analysis of all singleton pregnancies booked for combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS) in Denmark over a 4‐year period. Data concerning maternal demographics, cFTS and prenatal or postnatal karyotypes were collected from the Danish Fetal Medicine database. Karyotypes were classified according to whether the chromosomal anomaly would have been detected by NIPT and whether it was likely to affect phenotype.ResultscFTS was completed in 193 638 pregnancies. 10 205 (5.3%) had cytogenetic or molecular analysis performed. Of these, 1122 (11.0%) had an abnormal karyotype, of which 262 (23.4%) would have been missed by NIPT, but would probably have been clinically significant. The prevalence of such ‘atypical abnormal karyotypes’ was increased in women above 45 years of age, in pregnancies with increased nuchal translucency (NT) thickness (≥ 3.5 mm), with abnormal levels of free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (< 0.2 or ≥ 5.0 multiples of the median (MoM)) or pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A < 0.2 MoM. One or more of these factors was present in 3% of women, and the prevalence of atypical abnormal karyotypes in this high‐risk cohort was 1.6%.ConclusionsA significant proportion of karyotypic abnormalities will be missed by targeted NIPT. Women of advanced maternal age, or with increased fetal NT or abnormal biochemistry, have a higher risk of having a fetus affected by an atypical abnormal karyotype and need to be counseled accordingly when considering NIPT. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Dichtheitsprüfungen und Lecksuche ohne Helium
Authors: Maus‐Friedrichs Wolfgang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDichtheitsprüfungen und Lecksuche mit Helium sind über viele Jahrzehnte hinweg optimierte und technisch versierte Verfahren. Eine reihe technischer Vorteile des Heliums wurde sinnvoll zur Optimierung der messgeräte genutzt, wie die Einsetzbarkeit im Nebenstromverfahren, seine hohe Permeabilität, seine reaktionsträgheit und seine bisher einfache Verfügbarkeit. messgeräte auf dieser Basis sind jedoch in fast allen Fällen nicht in der Lage andere Gase zu verwenden. Insbesondere bei verschlossenen Produkten wie z. B. Transistoren oder Konservendosen aus dem Lebensmittelbereich ist das Einbringen von Helium technisch schwierig und aufwendig. Dort wäre die direkte Nutzung des eingekapselten Prozessgases zur Dichtheitsprüfung sehr viel sinnvoller. Dies können moderne multigas‐Lecksucher heute ermöglichen.
Optische in‐situ Prozessverfolgung und ‐steuerung
Authors: Gäbler Johannes , Stenzel Olaf , Wilbrandt Steffen , Kaiser Norbert 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOptische Monitoringverfahren haben sich im vergangenen Jahrzehnt als unverzichtbarer Bestandteil einer deterministischen Herstellungsstrategie anspruchsvoller optischer Beschichtungen etabliert. Traditionelle Umsetzungen basieren dabei auf der Messung des Transmissionsspektrums oder alternativ des Reflexionsspektrums direkt an der wachsenden Schicht. Im Falle praktisch absorptions‐ und streufreier Beschichtungen auf transparenten Substraten bieten beide Herangehensweisen grundsätzlich den gleichen Informationsgehalt. Im Falle absorbierender Schichtsysteme sind die Informationen aus dem Transmissionsspektrum und dem Reflexionsspektrum grundsätzlich nicht mehr gleichwertig. In diesem Fall erscheint es sinnvoll, beide Spektren während der Beschichtung gleichzeitig zu registrieren, um ein möglichst vollständiges Bild vom Status der wachsenden Schicht zu erhalten. Wir stellen die Realisierung eines solchen Aufbaus für die Prozessverfolgung und ‐steuerung für branchenübliche Verdampfungsprozesse vor und demonstrieren die Wirkweise am Beispiel des Wachstums von Aluminiumoxidschichten sowie Aluminiumspiegeln.
Ultra‐Schnüffel‐Testgasverfahren auf Grundlage des Partial‐Vakuum‐Effekts
Authors: Brockmann Robert 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTestgasverfahren zum Nachweis der Helium‐Dichtheit können unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen nur bedingt eingesetzt werden, da die Empfindlichkeit mit 5,24 ppm durch die natürliche Helium‐Konzentration der Luft begrenzt wird. Diese Konzentration entspricht in etwa einer Leckrate von 5,24 × 10−06 mbar l/s.Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen atmosphärischen Testgasverfahren, dem Überdrück‐Testgasverfahren B3 der DIN EN 1779, erlaubt das am Max‐Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik entwickelte UST‐Verfahren den Nachweis der Helium‐Dichtheit eines Bauteiles mit einer Empfindlichkeit von bis 1 × 10−11 mbar l/s. Ähnlich wie beim Überdrück‐Testgasverfahren B3 wird das Bauteil in eine Hülle eingeschlagen aber im Gegensatz zum Prüfverfahren B3 mit einem von heliumbefreiten Gas beaufschlagt, so dass die Helium‐Dichtheit des Bauteiles wesentlich schneller und zuverlässiger nachgewiesen werden kann.