bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside ameliorates hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress by regulating HMGCR‐mediated cholesterol anabolism in HEK‐293T cells
Authors: Liu Di , Zhang Hanxue , Dai Yu , Sun Jie , Sun Hongyu , Yu Zixiang , Kong Fanli , Feng Xianmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G), as a typical anthocyanin, exhibits excellent antioxidant effects. This study aimed to demonstrate the role and mechanism of C3G in regulating 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)‐mediated cholesterol anabolism on H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in HEK‐293T cells. Firstly, the inhibitory effect of C3G on oxidative stress was confirmed by CCK‐8, ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) experiments. Then, proteomics was used to investigate and screen differentially expressed proteins in inhibiting cellular oxidative stress by C3G. HMGCR was screened as a key differentially expressed protein by proteomic analysis. The results verified that C3G could reduce cholesterol levels by inhibiting sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP2)/HMGCR pathway, increasing ATP, and reducing acetyl‐CoA. Finally, HMGCR had been shown to positively increase ROS accumulation and decrease MMP, which were reversed by intervention of C3G through a series of knockdown and overexpression experiments. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that C3G could inhibit the disorder of cholesterol synthesis in oxidative stress cells by regulating the ROS/SREBP2/HMGCR pathway.
Study on the Performance Degradation of Membrane Electrode Assembly in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Caused by Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Gan Zhongyu , Chen Tao , Zhang Rufeng , Zhang Ruixuan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTDurability of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is a serious problem to be overcome in the commercial development of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The change in volume due to water–ice conversion has an irreversible effect on the MEA, which affects the performance of PEMFC. For investigating the optimal initial water content of MEA that minimizes the impact on PEMFC performance after freeze–thaw (F/T) cycles, this study first measured the high‐frequency resistance to determine the water content of MEA, and then subjected five MEAs with different water contents to 60 F/T cycles at −20°C to 30°C. The fuel cell output performance of five MEAs was found to be inconsistently degraded by polarization curve tests, with the cells of the two MEAs with the lowest and highest water contents exhibiting the worst output performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy curves proved that the difference in resistance change after F/T cycles is one reason why the cell output performance is degraded differently. Finally, the degradation of cell performance was further explained by cyclic voltammetry. These results indicate that MEA has the best output performance for F/T cycles at an initial water content of 3.0.
Plant disease detection using machine learning techniques based on internet of things (IoT) sensor network
Authors: Sukhadeo Bere Sachin , Sinkar Yogita Deepak , Dhurgude Sarika Dilip , Athawale Shashikant V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, smart agriculture has grown rapidly. A crop disease is generally caused by pests, insects, or pathogens and reduces the productivity of the crop by adversely affecting its yield. There is a severe loss of crops across the country due to various crop diseases, and one reason is not being able to detect the disease in its early stages keeps them from finding a solution. An Internet of Things (IOT) sensor network is used to detect and classify diseases in leaves in this paper. Precision agriculture uses machine learning techniques to increase crop growth, control the cultivation process, and enhance crop productivity with less human involvement. IOT sensor networks are being used in precision agriculture using machine learning techniques. A result of the proposed method shows an overall accuracy of 88%.
An evaluation of the genotoxicity and 90‐day repeated dose oral toxicity in rats of Porphyridium purpureum
Authors: Murbach Timothy S. , Glávits Róbert , Endres John R. , Hirka Gábor , Vértesi Adél , Béres Erzsébet , Pasics Szakonyiné Ilona 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterest in microalgae products for use in food is increasing, as demands for sustainable and cost‐effective food choices grow due to the escalating global population and increase in climate‐related struggles with agriculture. Toxicological assessments of some species of microalgae have been conducted, but there were little data available for the oral consumption of the red microalgae Porphyridium purpureum and no data on genotoxicity. This article articulates a genotoxicity assessment and a 90‐day repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats performed according to OECD guidelines. Under the experimental conditions applied, the test item did not induce gene mutations by base pair changes or frameshifts in the genome of the strains used in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Similarly, the test item did not induce structural chromosomal aberrations in V79 hamster lung cells. The test item also did not cause chromosomal damage in bone marrow of mice in the mammalian micronucleus test. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the 90‐day repeated dose oral toxicity study in rats was determined to be the highest dose tested, 3000 mg/kg bw/day. These data add to the body of evidence regarding the safety of P. purpureum for human consumption.
Investigation of the effects of curcumin and piperine on cyclophosphamide‐induced brain injury in rats
Authors: Aygörmez Serpil , Maraşli Şaban 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug widely used in chemotherapy. Curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PP) show a protective effect on neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. This research was designed to measure several biochemical parameters in the brain tissue of CP‐applied rats to investigate the impact of combined CUR–PP administration. The study evaluated six groups of eight rats: Group 1 was the control; Groups 2 and 3 were administered 200 or 300 mg/kg CUR‐PP via oral gavage; Group 4 received only 200 mg/kg CP on day 1; Groups 5 and 6 received CP + CUR‐PP for 7 days. Data from all parameters indicated that CP caused brain damage. Phosphorylated TAU (pTAU), amyloid‐beta peptide 1–42 (Aβ1–42), glutamate (GLU), and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) parameters were the same in Groups 4, 5, and 6. On the other hand, 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐kβ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels in the CP + CUR‐PP groups were lower than those in the CP group (p < 0.05). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) parameters were higher in the CP + CUR‐PP groups compared to the CP group (p < 0.05). It is thought that the similarity of Groups 5 and 6 with Group 4 in Aβ1–42, pTAU, GLU, and GABA parameters hinder the determination of treatment protection however, they might have a therapeutic effect if the applied dose or study duration were changed. This study attempted to evaluate the effects of a CUR–PP combination on CP‐induced brain damage in rats by measuring biochemical parameters and performing histopathological examinations. Based on the findings, this CUR–PP combination could be considered an alternative medicine option in cases with conditions similar to those evaluated in this study.
Neurocognitive features in childhood & adulthood in autism spectrum disorder: A neurodiversity approach
Authors: Megari Kalliopi , Frantzezou Chionia K. , Polyzopoulou Zoi A. , Tzouni Stella K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a diverse profile of cognitive functions. Heterogeneity is observed among both baseline and comorbid features concerning the diversity of neuropathology in autism. Symptoms vary depending on the developmental stage, level of severity, or comorbidity with other medical or psychiatric diagnoses such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, and anxiety disorders.MethodThe neurodiversity movement does not face variations in neurological and cognitive development in ASD as deficits but as normal non‐pathological human variations. Thus, ASD is not identified as a neurocognitive pathological disorder that deviates from the typical, but as a neuro‐individuality, a normal manifestation of a neurobiological variation within the population.ResultsIn this light, neurodiversity is described as equivalent to any other human variation, such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. This review will provide insights about the neurodiversity approach in children and adults with ASD. Using a neurodiversity approach can be helpful when working with children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD).DiscussionThis method acknowledges and values the various ways that people with ASD interact with one another and experience the world in order to embrace the neurodiversity approach when working with children with ASD.
Exploring the psychosocial burden of foot complications in diabetes: A cross‐sectional survey and qualitative interview study in a United Kingdom coastal community
Authors: Chapman Lara S. , Cochrane Silva , Sykes Gill , Gill Joanne , Nixon Jane , Jayagopal Vijay 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFoot complications in diabetes are common and destructive, resulting in substantial healthcare costs and high rates of morbidity. Coastal areas have a significantly higher burden of disease. People with diabetes experience disproportionately high rates of psychological health issues, including anxiety, depression and diabetes distress. These can affect self‐management and concordance with preventive measures and treatments of foot complications, negatively impacting on outcomes. Access to psychological health services is variable across the United Kingdom and there is a paucity of high‐quality evidence for the effectiveness of treatments for diabetes distress. This study aimed to explore experiences of psychosocial burden and perceptions and experiences of psychosocial support, among patients with diabetes and foot complications living in a coastal area.MethodsPatients were eligible to participate if they had experienced diabetes‐related foot complications (amputation, ulceration and/or Charcot neuroarthropathy) within the last 5 years and scored positive for diabetes distress on a validated screening tool (DDS2). Eligible patients completed cross‐sectional questionnaires describing symptoms of diabetes distress (DDS17), anxiety (GAD‐7) and depression (PHQ‐9) and to take part in a face‐to‐face, semi‐structured interview. Questionnaires were analysed using frequencies and interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 183 patients completed the DDS2 screening questionnaire. Of these, 56 (30.6%) screened positive for diabetes distress. Twenty‐seven patients completed DDS17, GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 questionnaires. Eleven (40.7%) participants indicated high levels of diabetes distress and four (14.8%) indicated moderate distress. Seventeen participants (age range 52–81 years; 12 men) took part in an interview. Four key themes were identified: impact of living with foot problems; emotional consequences of foot problems; experiences and perceptions of psychological support; and strategies to cope with the emotional impact of foot problems.ConclusionDiabetes distress was prevalent among patients with diabetes‐related foot complications. Foot problems impacted on participants' daily activities, social lives and ability to work. Despite expressing feelings of ongoing fear, worry and depression relating to their foot problems, only one participant had accessed formal psychological support. Many participants relied on talking to podiatrists at routine appointments and described developing various strategies to cope. The psychosocial burden of living with foot complications in diabetes must not be overlooked by health professionals. Findings from this study can inform the design of future services and interventions.
Recent advances in measuring the effects of diet on gastrointestinal physiology: Probing the “leaky gut” and application of real‐time ultrasound
Authors: Mogilevski Tamara , Maconi Giovanni , Gibson Peter R 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is a large pool of ideas in both mainstream and non‐mainstream medicine on how diet can be manipulated in order to treat or prevent illnesses. Despite this, our understanding of how specific changes in diet influence the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract is limited. This review aims to describe two areas that might provide key information on the integrity and function of the gastrointestinal tract. First, demystifying the “leaky gut syndrome” requires rational application and interpretation of tests of intestinal barrier function. Multiple ways of measuring barrier function have been described, but the inherent difficulties in translation from animal studies to humans have created misinterpretations and misconceptions. The intrinsic nature of intestinal barrier function is dynamic. This is seldom considered in studies of intestinal barrier assessment. To adequately understand the effects of dietary interventions on intestinal barrier function, background barrier function in different regions of the gut and the dynamic responses to stressors (such as psychological stress) should be assessed as a minimum. Second, intestinal ultrasound, which is now established in the assessment and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease, has hitherto been poorly evaluated in assessing real‐time intestinal function and novel aspects of structure in patients with disorders of gut‐brain interaction. In conclusion, a more complete functional and structural profile that these investigations enable should permit a greater understanding of the effects of dietary manipulation on the gastrointestinal tract and provide clinically relevant information that, amongst other advantages, might permit opportunities for personalized health care delivery.
Evolution in coeliac disease diagnosis and management
Authors: Tye‐Din Jason A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe traditional gut‐centric view of coeliac disease is evolving as immune and genetic insights underscore the central importance of a systemic, T cell immune response to gluten in disease pathogenesis. As the field increasingly recognize the limitations of small intestinal histology as the diagnostic standard, data supporting the accuracy of an immune (serologic) diagnosis of coeliac disease ‐ well demonstrated in children ‐ are growing for adults. Novel biomarkers such as interleukin‐2 that identify the gluten‐specific T cell demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity for coeliac disease and offer the potential for a diagnostic approach that avoids the need for gluten challenge. Asymptomatic disease and manifestations outside the gut pose considerable challenges for diagnosis using a case‐finding strategy and enthusiasm for population screening is growing. The gluten‐free diet remains a highly restrictive treatment and there is a paucity of controlled data to inform a safe gluten intake threshold. Ongoing symptoms and enteropathy are common and require systematic evaluation. Slowly‐responsive disease is prevalent in the older patient diagnosed with coeliac disease, and super‐sensitivity to gluten is an emerging concept that may explain many cases of nonresponsive disease. While there is great interest in developing novel therapies for coeliac disease, no drug has yet been registered. Efficacy studies are generally assessing drugs in patients with treated coeliac disease who undergo gluten challenge or in patients with nonresponsive disease; however, substantial questions remain around specific endpoints relevant for patients, clinicians and regulatory agencies and optimal trial design. Novel immune tools are providing informative readouts for clinical trials and are now shaping their design.
Antioxidant synergistic anti‐inflammatory effect in the MAPK/NF‐κB pathway of peptide KGEYNK (KK‐6) from giant salamander (Andrias davidianus)
Authors: Zhan Jun‐qi , Wu Jun‐xin , Fu Jing‐jing , Li Gao‐shang , Wu Fang , Chen Yue‐wen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGiant salamander protein peptide is a peptide with rich functional properties. Giant salamander protein peptide KGEYNK (KK‐6) is a peptide with both antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of KK‐6 are still unclear. When we studied the functional mechanism of KK‐6, we found that the antioxidant property of KK‐6 has a synergistic and promoting effect on anti‐inflammatory properties.RESULTSKK‐6 enhances cellular resistance to LPS via the MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway, leading to increased levels of inflammatory factors: interleukin‐1β (764.81 ng mL−1), interleukin‐6 (1.06 ng mL−1) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (4440.45 ng mL−1). KK‐6 demonstrates potent antioxidant properties by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, resulting in elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase: 0.03 μg mL−1; superoxide dismutase: 0.589 μg mL−1) and a reduction in the concentration of the oxidative product malondialdehyde (967.05 μg mL−1).CONCLUSIONOur findings highlight the great potential of KK‐6, a peptide extracted from giant salamander protein, as a remedy for intestinal inflammation. Through its dual role as an antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agent, KK‐6 offers a promising avenue for alleviating inflammation‐related damage and oxidative stress. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of giant salamander products and highlights their importance in health and novel food development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of steam explosion pretreatment on the digestive properties and gut microbiota of Laminaria japonica polysaccharide
Authors: Lin Yaqing , Zhang Zihao , Ren Sijie , Wang Lin , Xiong Bin , Zheng Baodong , Zhang Yi , Pan Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDLaminaria japonica polysaccharide, which is an important bioactive substance of Laminaria japonica with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, the molecular weight, functional groups and surface morphology were investigated to evaluate the digestive properties of Laminaria japonica polysaccharide before and after steam explosion.RESULTSThe results indicated that the Laminaria japonica polysaccharide entered the large intestine to be utilized by the gut microbiota after passing through the oral, gastric and small intestinal. Meanwhile, Laminaria japonica polysaccharide of steam explosion promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria Phascolarctobacterium and Intestinimonas, and increased the content of acetic, propionic and butyric acids, which was 2.29‐folds, 2.60‐folds and 1.63‐folds higher than the control group after 48 h of fermentation.CONCLUSIONThis study reveals that the effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the digestion in vitro and gut microbiota of Laminaria japonica polysaccharide will provide a basic theoretical basis for the potential application of Laminaria japonica polysaccharide as a prebiotic in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Silibinin promotes healing in spinal cord injury through anti‐ferroptotic mechanisms
Authors: Vahabi Arman , Öztürk Anıl Murat , Kılıçlı Bünyamin , Birim Derviş , Kaftan Öcal Gizem , Dağcı Taner , Armağan Güliz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudy DesignPre‐clinical animal experiment.ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of silibinin in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model. In SCI, loss of cells due to secondary damage mechanisms exceeds that caused by primary damage. Ferroptosis, which is iron‐dependent non‐apoptotic cell death, is shown to be influential in the pathogenesis of SCI.MethodsThe study was conducted as an in vivo experiment using a total of 78 adult male/female Sprague Dawley rats. Groups were as follows: Sham, SCI, deferoxamine (DFO) treatment, and silibinin treatment. There were subgroups with follow‐up periods of 24 h, 72 h, and 6 weeks in all groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and Fe2+ levels were measured by spectrophotometry. Glutathione peroxidase‐4 (GPX4), ferroportin (FPN), transferrin receptor (TfR1), and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE)‐modified protein levels were assessed by Western blotting. Functional recovery was assessed using Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan test.ResultsSilibinin achieved significant suppression in MDA and 4‐HNE levels compared to the SCI both in 72‐h and 6 weeks group (p < 0.05). GSH, GPX4, and FNP levels were found to be significantly higher in the silibinin 24 h, 72 h, and 6 weeks group compared to corresponding SCI groups (p < 0.05). Significant reduction in iron levels was observed in silibinin treated rats in 72 h and 6 weeks group (p < 0.05). Silibinin substantially suppressed TfR1 levels in 24 h and 72 h groups (p < 0.05). Significant difference among recovery capacities was observed as follows: Silibinin > DFO > SCI (p < 0.05).ConclusionImpact of silibinin on iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, both of which are features of ferroptosis, may contribute to therapeutic activity. Within this context, our findings posit silibinin as a potential therapeutic candidate possessing antiferroptotic properties in SCI model. Therapeutic agents capable of effectively and safely mitigating ferroptotic cell death hold the potential to be critical points of future clinical investigations.
Geschmacksaktive Naturstoffe in Kammmuscheln und weiteren Meeresfrüchten
Authors: Dirndorfer Sebastian , Hofmann Thomas F. 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden geschmacksaktive Verbindungen in Kammmuscheln und weiteren Meeresfrüchten identifiziert, quantifiziert sowie sensorisch untersucht. Zur massenspektrometrischen Quantifizierung der meeresfrüchtespezifischen Geschmacksstoffe wurden stabilisotopenmarkierte und methylveresterte interne Standards synthetisiert. Basierend auf den so ermittelten quantitativen und sensorischen Daten der identifizierten Verbindungen wurde der Einfluss dieser Verbindungen auf den Geschmack eines Kammmuschelextrakts bestimmt. Besonderer Fokus lag hierbei auf den Substanzklassen der Opine und Mycosporinähnlichen Aminosäuren.
Measurement of the Dispersion of χ(3)$\chi ^{(3)}$ of SiO2${\rm SiO}_2$ and SiN Across the THz and Far‐Infrared Frequency Bands
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Rasmussen Mattias , Zibod Soheil , Yan Siqi , Noori Narwan Kabir , Nagy Oliver , Ding Yunhong , Lange Simon Jappe , Dolgaleva Ksenia , Boyd Robert W. , Jepsen Peter Uhd 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTerahertz (THz) radiation sources based on two‐color femtosecond plasmas in air are becoming a mature technology for coherent spectroscopy and strong‐field physics across the extended THz range to several tens of THz. The field‐resolved detection of such THz transients relies on the third‐order nonlinearity of the detection medium. Here, a comparative measurement is demonstrated with air‐biased coherent detection (ABCD) and solid‐state biased detection (SSBCD) as a novel method to measure the dispersion of the magnitude and phase of the relevant third‐order nonlinearity for fused silica () and silicon nitride (SiN). Based on the development of the ultrabroadband SSBCD device with a detection bandwidth exceeding 30 THz, measurements are obtained across the 1–28 THz frequency range, hence covering the THz and far‐infrared. It is shown that the vibrational modes in and SiN in the THz range lead to strong resonant enhancement and dispersion of the nonlinearity. The SSBCD devices operate down to nanojoule (nJ) probe energy, and their is demonstrated by measuring the dielectric function of the Lorentzian line profile of transverse‐optical (TO) phonon mode at 9 THz in single‐crystal gallium arsenide (GaAs) and observing the weak phonon combination bands near the TO phonon.