bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Regulation of Hydrogen Bonds and Electrocrystallization for Enhanced Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Wang Yi‐Feng , Song Li‐Na , Wang Yue , Wu Jia‐Yi , Tu Wen‐Bin , Xu Ji‐Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries are promising candidates for large scale energy‐storage due to their combination of inherent security and abundant reserves. The Zn metal undergoes continuous plating and stripping during electrochemical cycling, accompanied by parasitic side reactions and dendrite growth, which severely impedes the commercialization of batteries. Here, an innovative strategy is introduced in electrolyte engineering, dedicated to enhancing the stability at the Zn/electrolyte interface. Theoretical calculations and in situ experimental analyses collectively demonstrate that methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) additives are beneficial in jointly modulating the hydrogen bonding network and the Zn2+ solvation structure, which in turn restricts H2O activity at the interface. Concurrently, the preferential adsorption of MSM on the Zn surface facilitates the controlled growth of compact zinc layers while suppressing dendritic and parasitic reactions. By modulating the electrolyte and managing the electrode interface, the Zn||Zn symmetric battery can be reversibly cycled over 150 days at a current density of 2 mA cm−2, and the assembled Zn||Cu half‐batteries show impressive cycling stability over 3100 cycles. This study provides an in‐depth comprehension of the Zn2+ plating/stripping behavior, and the development of sophisticated electrolyte systems offers practical guidance for constructing high‐performance zinc‐based batteries.
High‐efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to HCOOH coupling with 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation using flow cell
Authors: Ren Jing , Li Zixian , Ning Chenjun , Li Shaoquan , Zhang Luming , Huang Hengshuo , Zheng Lirong , Kang Young Soo , Luo Mingchuan , Zhao Yufei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmong various products from electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2ER), HCOOH is highly profitable one. However, the slow kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction lowers overall energy efficiency, which can be replaced by an electro‐oxidation reaction with low thermodynamic potential and fast kinetics. Herein, we report an electrolysis system coupling CO2ER with 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR). A BiOCl–CuO catalyst was designed to sustain CO2ER to HCOOH at partial current density of 500 mA/cm2 with FEHCOOH above 90% and 700 mA/cm2 with FEHCOOH above 80%. In situ and ex situ x‐ray absorption fine structure was used to capture the structure transform of BiOCl–CuO into metallic Bi and Cu during CO2ER process, and the presence of CuO will promote this transformation which are supported by DFT calculations. Coupling HMFOR with CO2ER, we realize both FEHCOOH and FEFDCA above 95% simultaneously, providing new prospects vista for the electrosynthesis of value‐added products from paired system.
Missense variant in PIGM associated with severe cystic encephalomalacia and portal vein thrombosis: Phenotypic and genotypic expansion of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect‐1 (GPIBD1)
Authors: Brady Lauren , Yadav Rashmi , Edmondson Andrew C. , Tarnopolsky Mark 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are a type of glycolipid responsible for anchoring many important proteins to the cell membrane surface. Defects in the synthesis of GPIs can lead to a group of multisystem disorders known as the inherited GPI deficiencies (IGDs). Homozygosity for the c.‐270C > G variant in the promoter of PIGM has been associated with a IGD subtype known as glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect‐1 (GPIBD1). The several cases reported in the literature have been described to have a milder neurologic phenotype in comparison to the other IGDs and have been treated with sodium phenylbutyrate with some degree of success. These patients typically present with portal and hepatic vein thrombosis and mostly develop absence seizures. Here we describe a patient homozygous for a nonsynonymous variant in PIGM who deceased at 9 weeks of life and had multiple physical dysmorphisms (rocker bottom feet, midline cleft palate, thickened and lichenified skin), portal vein thrombosis, CNS structural anomalies (progressive multicystic encephalomalacia and ventriculomegaly), and a neurological phenotype of a diffuse encephalopathy. This is the first known case report of a PIGM‐related IGD/CDG due to a coding variant.
Ru(II)‐Catalyzed C8 Alkenylation of Isoquinolones with Allyl Alcohol
Authors: Manisha  , Sharma Tamanna , Sharma Upendra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA simple Ru(II)‐catalyzed protocol for the alkenylation of isoquinolones with readily accessible allyl alcohols to generate aldehyde bearing isoquinolones has been developed. The use of green solvent like dimethyl carbonate makes this method environment‐friendly. Experimental studies were carried out to support the proposed mechanism. The reaction was scaled up to showcase the application of the current method.
Fluorine‐Doped Carbon Support Enables Superfast Oxygen Reduction Kinetics by Breaking the Scaling Relationship
Authors: Liang Jinhui , Liang Lecheng , Zeng Binwen , Feng Binbin , Du Li , Qiu Xiaoyi , Wang Yian , Song Huiyu , Liao Shijun , Shao Minhua , Cui Zhiming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is well‐established that Pt‐based catalysts suffer from the unfavorable linear scaling relationship (LSR) between *OOH and *OH (ΔG(*OOH)=ΔG(*OH)+3.2±0.2 eV) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), resulting in a great challenge to significantly reduced ORR overpotentials. Herein, we propose a universal and feasible strategy of fluorine‐doped carbon supports, which optimize interfacial microenvironment of Pt‐based catalysts and thus significantly enhance their reactive kinetics. The introduction of C−F bonds not only weakens the *OH binding energy, but also stabilizes the *OOH intermediate, resulting in a break of LSR. Furthermore, fluorine‐doped carbon constructs a local super‐hydrophobic interface that facilitates the diffusion of H2O and the mass transfer of O2. Electrochemical tests show that the F‐doped carbon‐supported Pt catalysts exhibit over 2‐fold higher mass activities than those without F modification. More importantly, those catalysts also demonstrate excellent stability in both rotating disk electrode (RDE) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) tests. This study not only validates the feasibility of tuning the electrocatalytic microenvironment to improve mass transport and to break the scaling relationship, but also provides a universal catalyst design paradigm for other gas‐involving electrocatalytic reactions.
Regulating Nucleic Acid Catalysis Using Active Droplets
Authors: Holtmannspötter Anna‐Lena , Machatzke Corbin , Begemann Christian , Salibi Elia , Donau Carsten , Späth Fabian , Boekhoven Job , Mutschler Hannes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCells use transient membraneless organelles to regulate biological reaction networks. For example, stress granules selectively store mRNA to downregulate protein expression in response to heat or oxidative stress. Models mimicking this active behavior should be established to better understand in vivo regulation involving compartmentalization. Here we use active, complex coacervate droplets as a model for membraneless organelles to spatiotemporally control the activity of a catalytic DNA (DNAzyme). Upon partitioning into these peptide‐RNA droplets, the DNAzyme unfolds and loses its ability to catalyze the cleavage of a nucleic acid strand. We can transiently pause the DNAzyme activity upon inducing droplet formation with fuel. After fuel consumption, the DNAzyme activity autonomously restarts. We envision this system could be used to up and downregulate multiple reactions in a network, helping understand the complexity of a cell‘s pathways. By creating a network where the DNAzyme could reciprocally regulate the droplet properties, we would have a powerful tool for engineering synthetic cells.
Antioxidant and prooxidant activity of acid‐hydrolyzed phenolic extracts of sugar beet leaves in oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Ebrahimi Peyman , Bayram Ipek , Lante Anna , Decker Eric A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to enhance the oxidative stability of soybean oil‐in‐water emulsions using acid‐hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed extracts obtained from sugar beet leaves. The optimum extraction process, which includes 8 min of ultrasonication followed by a 2‐h acid hydrolysis, released new phenolics (e.g., catechin, myricetin, etc.) and increased the total phenolic content (TPC) from 586.24 ± 11.45 to 982.42 ± 6.61 μmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition from 46.63 ± 1.39 to 60.87 ± 1.12%. Acid hydrolysis increased the cupric chelating activity of the extracts while decreasing ferrous chelating activity and trans‐ferulic acid concentration significantly (p < 0.05). The acid‐hydrolyzed extract at a TPC of 100 μmol GAE/L prolonged the lag phase of hexanal accumulation in the emulsion from 0 to 8 days, while 400 μmol GAE/L TPC of unhydrolyzed extract increased the lag phase to 12 days. The results show that acid‐hydrolyzed extracts in high concentrations may act as prooxidants.
Effect of liquid additives on the low temperature denitration activity of SNCR and emission characteristics of N2O and CO
Authors: Ding Wenxi , Liu Meng , Wan Jun , Liu Wei , Ma Jiliang , Duan Yufeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe problem of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions has attracted wide attention in the field of environmental protection. The effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phenol (C6H5OH) and ethanol (C2H6OH) on the denitration activity of selective non‐catalytic reduction (SNCR) and the emission of secondary pollutants nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of NaOH, phenol and ethanol can improve the denitration efficiency under low temperature by providing OH. From 650°C to 750°C, ethanol had the best effect, with the denitration efficiency of 30%. From 750°C to 850°C, the denitration efficiency of phenol was 40% ~ 50%. The introduction of phenol and ethanol would increase the N2O and CO emissions. From 700°C to 800°C, hydrogen peroxide only caused a small amount of N2O emissions and had no significant effect on CO.
Radiating Encouragement: Further Investigation Into the Application of Gamma Ray Spectroscopy for Archaeological Prospection at the Roman Town of Silchester
Authors: Robinson Victoria , Black Stuart , Fry Robert , Beddow Helen , Clark Robert , Fulford Mike 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis study builds on a preliminary investigation into the efficacy of gamma radiation surveying as a complementary tool for archaeological prospection. Improved surveying and data processing methods were implemented, including the use of a vehicle‐mounted Groundhog surveying system, use of alternative software tools and examination of the impacts of individual radionuclides. The study focuses on a range of targets within Insulae VII, XXXV and XXXIII in Silchester Roman town, Hampshire. Targets of interest included a polygonal temple, a house, ditches (including an Iron Age defensive ditch) and several Roman roads. While the survey revealed no measurable differences in the gamma radionuclide content of less substantial structures (such as the temple and house) and the surrounding soil, it successfully delineated major structures. The Roman roads, Iron Age defensive ditch and potentially an indication of a historic field boundary not present in modern records were clearly visible in the generated visualisations. The roads and field boundary appear as distinct linear features of depleted radioactivity. The location of the Iron Age ditch correlates with an area of elevated radioactivity. Notably, the technique not only successfully identified archaeological features but was also able to indicate differences in the properties of similar targets such as variations in road thickness. Further, the gamma radiation data indicates variations in the local geology attributable to historic changes in land use and geochemical composition. This latest study corroborates the findings of the preliminary investigation, demonstrating replicability, scalability and ability to enhance output data quality. Further research, including sampling and non‐destructive analysis of materials from the site, is needed to better explain observed results.
Novel Genetic Loci in Early‐Onset Gout Derived From Whole‐Genome Sequencing of an Adolescent Gout Cohort
Authors: Ji Aichang , Sui Yang , Xue Xiaomei , Ji Xiapeng , Shi Wenrui , Shi Yongyong , Terkeltaub Robert , Dalbeth Nicola , Takei Riku , Yan Fei , Sun Mingshu , Li Maichao , Lu Jie , Cui Lingling , Liu Zhen , Wang Can , Li Xinde , Han Lin , Fang Zhanjie , Sun Wenyan , Liang Yue , He Yuwei , Zheng Guangmin , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Jiayi , Zhang Hui , Pang Lei , Qi Han , Li Yushuang , Cheng Zan , Li Zhiqiang , Xiao Jingfa , Zeng Changqing , Merriman Tony R. , Qu Hongzhu , Fang Xiangdong , Li Changgui 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveMechanisms underlying the adolescent‐onset and early‐onset gout are unclear. This study aimed to discover variants associated with early‐onset gout.MethodsWe conducted whole‐genome sequencing in a discovery adolescent‐onset gout cohort of 905 individuals (gout onset 12 to 19 years) to discover common and low‐frequency single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with gout. Candidate common SNVs were genotyped in an early‐onset gout cohort of 2,834 individuals (gout onset ≤30 years old), and meta‐analysis was performed with the discovery and replication cohorts to identify loci associated with early‐onset gout. Transcriptome and epigenomic analyses, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and RNA sequencing in human peripheral blood leukocytes, and knock‐down experiments in human THP‐1 macrophage cells investigated the regulation and function of candidate gene RCOR1.ResultsIn addition to ABCG2, a urate transporter previously linked to pediatric‐onset and early‐onset gout, we identified two novel loci (Pmeta < 5.0 × 10−8): rs12887440 (RCOR1) and rs35213808 (FSTL5‐MIR4454). Additionally, we found associations at ABCG2 and SLC22A12 that were driven by low‐frequency SNVs. SNVs in RCOR1 were linked to elevated blood leukocyte messenger RNA levels. THP‐1 macrophage culture studies revealed the potential of decreased RCOR1 to suppress gouty inflammation.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive genetic characterization of adolescent‐onset gout. The identified risk loci of early‐onset gout mediate inflammatory responsiveness to crystals that could mediate gouty arthritis. This study will contribute to risk prediction and therapeutic interventions to prevent adolescent‐onset gout.
A hypothesis on ergodicity and the signal‐to‐noise paradox
Authors: Brener Daniel J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis letter raises the possibility that ergodicity concerns might have some bearing on the signal‐to‐noise paradox. This is explored by applying the ergodic theorem to the theory behind ensemble weather forecasting and the ensemble mean. Using the ensemble mean as our best forecast of observations amounts to interpreting it as the most likely phase‐space trajectory, which relies on the ergodic theorem. This can fail for ensemble forecasting systems if members are not perfectly exchangeable with each other, the averaging window is too short and/or there are too few members. We argue these failures can occur in cases such as the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) forecasts due to intransitivity or regime behaviour for regions such as the North Atlantic and Arctic. This behaviour, where different ensemble members may become stuck in different relatively persistent flow states (intransitivity) or multi‐modality (regime behaviour), can in certain situations break the ergodic theorem. The problem of non‐ergodic systems and models in the case of weather forecasting is discussed, as are potential mitigation methods and metrics for ergodicity in ensemble systems.
Diving into research without wading through content: A skills‐based cell biology course emphasizing the unknown
Authors: González‐Del Pino Gonzalo L. , Rokop Megan E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn a typical undergraduate biology curriculum, students do not dive into research until they first wade through large amounts of content. Biology courses in the first few years of the college curriculum tend to be lecture‐based and exam‐based courses. As a result, science students are mainly exposed to content knowledge—not the skills scientists practice daily. While students may practice manual techniques in lab sections of lecture courses, the higher‐level analytical research skills are reserved for the final semesters of college. To address this issue, we created an undergraduate cell biology course centered around practicing research skills, and fully accessible to students with no prerequisite content knowledge. In our course, students read primary literature (no textbooks) and were assessed by writing 12 analytical response papers and a full research proposal (no exams). Each student chose a topic for their semester‐long project, conducted a literature review, and proposed future experiments—all in a stepwise fashion with plentiful feedback. The students' thorough comprehension of the primary literature, along with successful completion of the research proposals, shows that the course achieved its goals of building these skills—even in the nonbiology majors taking this pilot course. Pre‐ and post‐survey results demonstrate that students gained feelings of confidence and preparedness for future research experiences. We envision a future model in which such a skills‐based course replaces a more traditional cell biology course, giving students the opportunity to practice high‐level analytical research skills from very early on in the undergraduate biology curriculum.
Lingual nerve revisited—A comprehensive review Part I: Anatomy and variations
Authors: Kitagawa Norio , Fukino Keiko , Irani Chista , Abe Yushi , Kunisada Yuki , Ibaragi Soichiro , Tubbs R. Shane , Iwanaga Joe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe lingual nerve (LN) is a branch of the mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal. It primarily carries sensory fibers from the lingual gingiva, mucous membranes of the floor of the mouth, sublingual gland, and the anterior two‐thirds of the tongue. Recent studies have explored and reclassified the five branches of the LN as branches to the isthmus of the fauces, lingual branches, sublingual nerves, posterior branch to the submandibular ganglion, and branches to the sublingual ganglion. The knowledge of the LN anatomy and its variants is clinically relevant to avoid its injury during oral procedures. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the LN and to describe the anatomy, its course, and its functions.
Enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy: Niosome‐encapsulated Dox‐Cis with MUC‐1 aptamer
Authors: Barlas Firat Baris , Olceroglu Bilge , Ag Seleci Didem , Gumus Zinar Pinar , Siyah Pinar , Dabbek Meriam , Garnweitne Georg , Stahl Frank , Scheper Thomas , Timur Suna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer remains a formidable global health challenge, currently affecting nearly 20 million individuals worldwide. Due to the absence of universally effective treatments, ongoing research explores diverse strategies to combat this disease. Recent efforts have concentrated on developing combined drug regimens and targeted therapeutic approaches.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the anticancer efficacy of a conjugated drug system, consisting of doxorubicin and cisplatin (Dox‐Cis), encapsulated within niosomes and modified with MUC‐1 aptamers to enhance biocompatibility and target specific cancer cells.MethodsThe chemical structure of the Dox‐Cis conjugate was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC‐Q‐TOF/MS). The zeta potential and morphological parameters of the niosomal vesicles were determined through Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In vitro assessments of cell viability and apoptosis were conducted on MUC‐1 positive HeLa cells and MUC‐1 negative U87 cells.ResultsThe findings confirmed the successful conjugation of Dox and Cis within the niosomes. The Nio/Dox‐Cis/MUC‐1 formulation demonstrated enhanced efficacy compared to the individual drugs and their unencapsulated combination in both cell lines. Notably, the Nio/Dox‐Cis/MUC‐1 formulation exhibited greater effectiveness on HeLa cells (38.503 ± 1.407) than on U87 cells (46.653 ± 1.297).ConclusionThe study underscores the potential of the Dox‐Cis conjugate as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, particularly through platforms that facilitate targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. This targeted approach could lead to more effective and personalized cancer therapies.
A qualitative exploration of the experience and personal and professional impact of psychodynamic and integrative counselling training on adoptee counsellors
Authors: Bevitt Ann , Aromolaran Banjo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdoption research has tended to focus on associated emotional and developmental challenges. There is little research on how adoptees experience counselling training and its personal and professional impact on adoptees. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the counselling training experiences of four counsellors who were adopted as babies (under 1 year of age).MethodsOne‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with two psychodynamically trained counsellors and two integratively trained counsellors. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the training experiences of adoptees, and the personal and professional impact of training.FindingsFour group experiential themes were identified: disclosure; place in world; relationships; and reflexivity.Implications for PracticeThe findings contribute to the growing body of research on counsellor training and provide insights into adoptees' experiences of counselling training. These insights enable improvements in the provision of such training by counselling training providers to adoptees, and in the provision of the specialist training either required or recommended to provide adoption support. The research also furthers the understanding of adoptees' experiences more generally and may also help noncounsellor adoptees deal with issues perceived as related to their adoption as well as others who face similar issues, due to their own lived experiences.ConclusionBoth modalities of counselling training helped participants deal with difficulties presented by their adoptions, in particular regarding identity and relationships, affording opportunities for growth and healing.