bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity in Elderly Subjects with Unilateral Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chiarotto Alessandro , Fernandez-de-las-Peñas Cesar , Castaldo Matteo , Negrini Stefano , Villafañe Jorge Hugo 
Published: June 2013

Background Widespread pressure hypersensitivity is one of the signs that characterize central pain sensitization in subjects with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether widespread pressure pain hyperalgesia is a feature of individuals with unilateral symptomatic thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) OA. Methods A total of 16 patients with unilateral symptomatic thumb CMC OA and 16 healthy sex-and age-matched controls were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed bilaterally over the first CMC joint; the C5-C6 zygapophyseal joint; the median, ulnar, and radial nerves; and tibialis anterior muscle. Grip and key strength, intensity of pain, and function QuickDASH were also measured. Results The analyses showed that patients with thumb CMC OA present bilaterally decreased PPTs over the first CMC joint, the C5-C6 zygapophyseal joint, and the tibialis anterior, median, ulnar and radial nerve as compared to controls (all, P<0.01). Patients with thumb CMC OA also exhibited a bilateral reduction in pinch and grip strength than controls ( P<0.05). A significant correlation was found between PPT over the radial nerve and QuickDASH ( r=0.546, P=0.029). Conclusion This study revealed bilateral widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity in individuals with unilateral symptomatic thumb CMC OA, suggesting that central pain processing mechanisms might be a feature of this pain population. These results should be taken into consideration when addressing future treatment approaches.
Testing two process models of religiosity and sexual behavior
Authors: Vasilenko Sara A. , Duntzee Christina I. , Zheng Yao , Lefkowitz Eva S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAdolescents who are more religious are less likely to have sex, but the process by which religiosity impacts sexual behavior is not well established. We tested two potential processes, involving: (1) whether religiosity suppressed individuals' motivations to have sex for physical pleasure, and (2) whether individuals internalized their religions' teachings about sex for pleasure. College students (N = 610, 53.8% female, M age = 18.5, 26.1% Hispanic Latino [HL], 14.9% non‐HL African American, 23.8% non‐HL Asian American/Pacific Islander, 26.3% non‐HL European American and 8.9% non‐HL multiracial) completed web surveys during their first three semesters. Religiosity did not moderate the association between students' motivations for sex for pleasure and sexual behavior. Motivations mediated the association between religiosity and sexual behavior, suggesting that religion does not override adolescents' existing motivations, but instead, religious adolescents internalize norms about sexual behavior. Testing Two Process Models of Religiosity and Sexual Behavior.
Investing in smart grids within the market paradigm: The case of the Netherlands and its relevance for China
Authors: ten Heuvelhof Ernst , Weijnen Margot 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The introduction of market forces in the energy sector in the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe has drastically changed the climate for investments in the electricity infrastructure. In contrast with the former public monopoly situation, many new uncertainties need to be taken into account in network investment decisions. Another marked difference is the fragmentation of energy markets and the entrance of new players on the energy market stage, often in new roles. The upgrading of electricity networks to create so-called smart grids has therewith become a multi-actor investment problem, which requires a well-designed and well-managed process.
For the specific case of the Netherlands, the challenges of smart grid development are explored in depth. As several competing scenarios are possible for the realization of smart grids, it is likely that the scenario first entering the implementation stage will have a first-mover advantage. This, in combination with the split incentive issue for smart grids, results in the conclusion that the realization of smart grids needs public support.
Similar outcomes are observed in other European countries despite markedly different local conditions and drivers for the smart grid. It seems that smart public policy intervention is needed to reduce the overwhelming uncertainties related to smart grid investments, which by far exceed the normal investment risk as encountered in network expansion. Finally, the relevance of these findings is discussed for the future of the electricity sector in China's emerging economy.
On the dynamics of generalized McMullen maps
Authors: XIAO YINGQING , QIU WEIYUAN , YIN YONGCHENG 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study the dynamics of the two-parameter family of rational maps $$\begin{eqnarray*}{F}_{a, b} (z)= {z}^{n} + \frac{a}{{z}^{n} } + b.\end{eqnarray*}$$ We give the topological description of Julia sets and Fatou components of ${F}_{a, b} $ according to the dynamical behavior of the orbits of its free critical points.
Dianulites(Trepostomata, Bryozoa) from the Early Ordovician of Severnaya Zemlya, Arctic Russia
Authors: ERNST ANDREJ , BOGOLEPOVA OLGA K. , HUBMANN BERNHARD , GOLUBKOVA ELENA YU. , GUBANOV ALEXANDER P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTrepostome bryozoanDianulites borealisAstrova, 1965, the earliest known member of this genus, has been identified from the Early Ordovician of Severnaya Zemlya, Arctic Russia. This species developed hemispherical colonies which indicate that it lived on a relatively soft substrate with moderately low rates of sedimentation and erosion. The new record from Severnaya Zemlya expands the palaeogeographical distribution ofDianulites, known before from the Early Ordovician of Novaya Zemlya, Arctic Russia.
Diandongosaurus acutidentatusShang, Wu & Li, 2011 (Diapsida: Sauropterygia) and the relationships of Chinese eosauropterygians
Authors: SATO TAMAKI , CHENG YEN-NIEN , WU XIAO-CHUN , SHAN HSI-YIN 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDiandongosaurus acutidentatusShang, Wu & Li, 2011 is restudied on the basis of a new specimen. The new specimen provides further information on the palate of the skull, the shoulder girdle, the gastralia and hind limbs, and permits revision of the diagnosis. Newly added or modified diagnostic characters include the presence of a few small vomerine teeth, the presence of an ectopterygoid, lateral elements of gastralia distally swollen and curving dorsally, boomerang-shaped interclavicle and clavicle with a distinct anterolateral process. Slight variations in the vertebral counts, girdle morphology, and phalangeal formulae are attributed to the intraspecific variations. A revised phylogenetic analysis demonstrates thatDiandongosaurusis closely related to the Nothosauroidea and that certain Chinese taxa (e.g.Keichousaurus) previously affiliated with the Pachypleurosauridae are more closely related to the Nothosauroidea. The effect of inclusion or exclusion of fragmentary taxa in the phylogenetic analysis is observed in the branching pattern of the cladogram, but it has little effect on the morphological characterization of the major clades.
Transmission ecosystems ofEchinococcus multilocularisin China and Central Asia
Authors: GIRAUDOUX PATRICK , RAOUL FRANCIS , AFONSO EVE , ZIADINOV ISKENDER , YANG YURONG , LI LI , LI TIAOYING , QUÉRÉ JEAN-PIERRE , FENG XIAOHUI , WANG QIAN , WEN HAO , ITO AKIRA , CRAIG PHILIP S. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYFrom continental to regional scales, the zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis (AE) (caused byEchinococcus multilocularis) forms discrete patches of endemicity within which transmission hotspots of much larger prevalence may occur. Since the late 80s, a number of hotspots have been identified in continental Asia, mostly in China, wherein the ecology of intermediate host communities has been described. This is the case in south Gansu, at the eastern border of the Tibetan plateau, in south Ningxia, in the western Tian Shan of Xinjiang, and in the Alay valley of south Kyrgyzstan. Here we present a comparative natural history and characteristics of transmission ecosystems or ecoscapes. On this basis, regional types of transmission and their ecological characteristics have been proposed in a general framework. Combining climatic, land cover and intermediate host species distribution data, we identified and mapped 4 spatially distinct types of transmission ecosystems typified by the presence of one of the following small mammal ‘flagship’ species:Ellobius tancrei, Ochotona curzoniae, Lasiopodomys brandtiiorEospalax fontanierii. Each transmission ecosystem had its own characteristics which can serve as a reference for further in-depth research in the transmission ecology ofE. multilocularis. This approach may be used at fine spatial scales to characterize other poorly known transmission systems of the large Eurasian endemic zone, and help in consideration of surveillance systems and interventions.
Metacognitive awareness of cognitive problems in schizophrenia: exploring the role of symptoms and self-esteem
Authors: Cella M. , Swan S. , Medin E. , Reeder C. , Wykes T. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPeople with a diagnosis of schizophrenia have limited metacognitive awareness of their symptoms. This is also evident for cognitive difficulties when neuropsychological assessments and self-reports are compared. Unlike for delusions and hallucinations, little attention has been given to factors that may influence the mismatch between objective and subjectively reported cognitive problems. Symptom severity, and also self-esteem and social functioning, can have an impact on cognitive problem perception and help to explain the gap between objective and subjective cognitive assessments in psychosis.MethodOne-hundred participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited and assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, a measure of awareness of cognitive problems and measures of psychotic symptoms, social and behavioural functioning and self-esteem. Regression was used to investigate the influence of symptoms, social functioning and self-esteem, and patients with different levels of cognitive problem awareness were contrasted.ResultsSimple correlation analysis replicated the lack of association between objective cognitive measures and metacognitive awareness of cognitive problems. However, the results of the regression analyses highlight that self-esteem and negative symptoms predict metacognitive awareness. When significant predictors were controlled, individuals with better awareness had more impaired working memory but higher IQ.ConclusionsPoor self-esteem and high negative symptoms are negatively associated with metacognitive awareness in people with schizophrenia. Interventions that aim to improve cognition should consider that cognitive problem reporting in people with schizophrenia correlates poorly with objective measures and is biased not only by symptoms but also by self-esteem. Future studies should explore the causal pathways using longitudinal designs.
Will people change their vector-control practices in the presence of an imperfect dengue vaccine?
Authors: BOCCIA T. M. Q. R. , BURATTINI M. N. , COUTINHO F. A. B. , MASSAD E. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYHuman behaviours, which are influenced by social, cultural, economic and political factors, can increase or decrease the risk of dengue infection, depending on the relationship with the insect vector. Because no vaccine is currently available, the spread of dengue can only be curtailed by controlling vector populations (Aedes aegypti and others) and by protecting individuals. This study tested the hypothesis that dengue-affected populations are likely to relax their vector-control habits if a potentially protective vaccine becomes available. The hypothesis was tested using two approaches: a mathematical model designed to describe dengue transmission and an empirical field test in which the local population of an endemic area was interviewed about their vector-control habits given the presence of a theoretical vaccine. The model demonstrated that depending on the level of vector-control reduction, there is a threshold in vaccine efficacy below which it is better not to introduce the vaccine. The interview showed that people who were informed that a very effective vaccine is available would reduce their vector-control habits significantly compared to a group that was informed that the vaccine is not very effective.
A novel ATP8 gene mutation in an infant with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Tansel Turkan , Paçal Ferda , Ustek Duran 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe report the case of a novel mitochondrial DNA mutation in the MT-ATP8 gene in an infant with tetralogy of Fallot. Next-generation sequencing was applied to sequence whole mitochondrial DNA of the patient. A known Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy-associated mutation (G9804A), a heteroplasmic T7501C mutation (17%), and a novel C8481 T Pro > Leu missense mutation in the MT-ATP8 gene was identified.
Misperception of body weight among overweight Danish adults: trends from 1995 to 2008
Authors: Matthiessen Jeppe , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Fagt Sisse , Knudsen Vibeke Kildegaard , Tetens Inge , Groth Margit Velsing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine changes in the prevalence of overweight and weight misperception among overweight Danes from 1995 to 2008, and to identify factors associated with weight misperception.DesignCross-sectional studies, in which data on self-reported weight, height and self-perception of overweight status were obtained through face-to-face interviews. ‘Overweight’ includes obesity. Weight misperception was defined as overweight individuals who did not perceive themselves as overweight. The χ2 test was used to analyse changes over time and multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with weight misperception.SettingThe Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity in three periods: 1995, 2000–2004 and 2005–2008.SubjectsA random sample of 9623 Danes aged 15–75 years.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight increased in men and women from 1995 to 2005–2008 (from 35·1 % to 43·0 %, P < 0·001). Concurrently, there was a reduction in the proportion of overweight men (from 77·5 % to 71·4 %, P = 0·001) and women (from 54·8 % to 51·9 %, P = 0·24) who misperceived their weight. Factors associated with weight misperception were ‘never intend to eat healthily’ (men), high levels of leisure-time physical activity, ‘very good/excellent’ self-rated health and survey year (higher misperception in 2000–2004 than 2005–2008; P < 0·05).ConclusionsThe increase in overweight from 1995 to 2005–2008 was accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of overweight men misperceiving their weight. This may indicate that more men see overweight as a personally relevant health problem. Our findings also suggest that overweight individuals who are more physically active and have better self-rated health may not consider their excess weight a health problem.
Get off my cloud: cyber warfare, international humanitarian law, and the protection of civilians
Authors: Droege Cordula 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCyber warfare figures prominently on the agenda of policymakers and military leaders around the world. New units to ensure cyber security are created at various levels of government, including in the armed forces. But cyber operations in armed conflict situations could have potentially very serious consequences, in particular when their effect is not limited to the data of the targeted computer system or computer. Indeed, cyber operations are usually intended to have an effect in the ‘real world’. For instance, by tampering with the supporting computer systems, one can manipulate an enemy's air traffic control systems, oil pipeline flow systems, or nuclear plants. The potential humanitarian impact of some cyber operations on the civilian population is enormous. It is therefore important to discuss the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) that govern such operations because one of the main objectives of this body of law is to protect the civilian population from the effects of warfare. This article seeks to address some of the questions that arise when applying IHL – a body of law that was drafted with traditional kinetic warfare in mind – to cyber technology. The first question is: when is cyber war really war in the sense of ‘armed conflict’? After discussing this question, the article goes on to look at some of the most important rules of IHL governing the conduct of hostilities and the interpretation in the cyber realm of those rules, namely the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution. With respect to all of these rules, the cyber realm poses a number of questions that are still open. In particular, the interconnectedness of cyber space poses a challenge to the most fundamental premise of the rules on the conduct of hostilities, namely that civilian and military objects can and must be distinguished at all times. Thus, whether the traditional rules of IHL will provide sufficient protection to civilians from the effects of cyber warfare remains to be seen. Their interpretation will certainly need to take the specificities of cyber space into account. In the absence of better knowledge of the potential effects of cyber warfare, it cannot be excluded that more stringent rules might be necessary.
A Comparative Analysis of Accountability Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services Markets in the United States and the European Union
Authors: Glicksman Robert L. , Kaime Thoko 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMarkets in ecosystem services have the potential to provide financial incentives to protect the environment either in lieu of or in addition to more traditional regulatory programmes. If these markets function properly, they can provide enhanced levels of environmental quality or more efficient mechanisms for protecting natural resources that provide vital services to humans. The theoretical benefits of ecosystem services markets may be undercut, however, if care is not taken in creating the legal infrastructure that supports trading to ensure that trades actually provide the promised environmental benefits. This article identifies five essential pillars of an ecosystem services market regime that are necessary to provide operational accountability safeguards. These include financial safeguards, verifiable performance standards, transparency and public participation standards, regulatory oversight mechanisms, and rule of law safeguards. The article assesses whether the laws of the United States (US) and European Union (EU) are well designed to provide such accountability. It concludes that despite recognition of the risk of market manipulation and outright fraud, regulators in the US and the EU to date have responded to these risks largely in an ad hoc and incomplete fashion, rather than embedding the mechanisms for operational accountability discussed in this article into the regulatory framework that governs ecosystem services trading markets.
Roles of EXTL2, a member of the EXT family of tumour suppressors, in liver injury and regeneration processes
Authors: Nadanaka Satomi , Kagiyama Shoji , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: June 2013

The gene products of two members of the EXT (exostosin) gene family, EXT1 and EXT2, function together as a polymerase in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. EXTL2 (EXT-like 2), one of the three EXTL genes in the human genome that are homologous to EXT1 and EXT2, encodes an N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase. We have demonstrated that EXTL2 terminates chain elongation of GAGs (glycosaminoglycans), and thereby regulates GAG biosynthesis. The abnormal GAG biosynthesis caused by loss of EXTL2 had no effect on normal development or normal adult homoeostasis. Therefore we examined the role of EXTL2 in CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride)-induced liver failure, a model of liver disease. On the fifth day after CCl4 administration, the liver/body weight ratio was significantly smaller for EXTL2-knockout mice than for wild-type mice. Consistent with this observation, hepatocyte proliferation following CCl4 treatment was lower in EXTL2-knockout mice than in wild-type mice. EXTL2-knockout mice experienced less HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)-mediated signalling than wild-type mice specifically because GAG synthesis was altered in these mutant mice. In addition, GAG synthesis in hepatic stellate cells was up-regulated during liver repair in EXTL2-knockout mice. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that EXTL2-mediated regulation of GAG synthesis was important to the tissue regeneration processes that follow liver injury.
Isaac: ultra-fast whole-genome secondary analysis on Illumina sequencing platforms
Authors: Raczy Come , Petrovski Roman , Saunders Christopher T. , Chorny Ilya , Kruglyak Semyon , Margulies Elliott H. , Chuang Han-Yu , Källberg Morten , Kumar Swathi A. , Liao Arnold , Little Kristina M. , Strömberg Michael P. , Tanner Stephen W. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Summary: An ultrafast DNA sequence aligner (Isaac Genome Alignment Software) that takes advantage of high-memory hardware (&gt;48 GB) and variant caller (Isaac Variant Caller) have been developed. We demonstrate that our combined pipeline (Isaac) is four to five times faster than BWA + GATK on equivalent hardware, with comparable accuracy as measured by trio conflict rates and sensitivity. We further show that Isaac is effective in the detection of disease-causing variants and can easily/economically be run on commodity hardware.
Availability: Isaac has an open source license and can be obtained at https://github.com/sequencing.
Contact: craczy@illumina.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Whole-Genome rVISTA: a tool to determine enrichment of transcription factor binding sites in gene promoters from transcriptomic data
Authors: Dubchak Inna , Munoz Matthew , Poliakov Alexandre , Salomonis Nathan , Minovitsky Simon , Bodmer Rolf , Zambon Alexander C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Summary: We have developed a web-based query tool, Whole-Genome rVISTA (WGRV), that determines enrichment of transcription factors (TFs) and associated target genes in sets of co-regulated genes. WGRV enables users to query databases containing pre-computed genome coordinates of evolutionarily conserved transcription factor binding sites in the proximal promoters (from 100 bp to 5 kb upstream) of human, mouse and Drosophila genomes. TF binding sites are based on position-weight matrices from the TRANSFAC Professional database. For a given set of co-regulated genes, WGRV returns statistically enriched and evolutionarily conserved binding sites, mapped by the regulatory VISTA (rVISTA) algorithm. Users can then retrieve a list of genes from the query set containing the enriched TF binding sites and their location in the query set promoters. Results are exported in a BED format for rapid visualization in the UCSC genome browser. Flat files of mapped conserved sites and their genomic coordinates are also available for analysis with stand-alone software.
Availability: http://genome.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/WGRVistaInputCommon.pl.
Contact: azambon@ucsd.edu or ildubchak@lbl.gov
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.