bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 regulates lipolysis in adipocytes
Authors: Zhi Hui , Qu Linbing , Wu Fang , Chen Ling , Tao Jun 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the function of group IIE secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2‐IIE) in adipocytes and to explore the possible signaling mechanism involved.MethodsThe expression of sPLA2‐IIE was demonstrated using real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis. Lipid accumulation was evaluated via the measurement of cellular triglycerides (TG). Lipolysis was quantified by measuring the release of free glycerol. The expressions of M‐type sPLA2 receptor (PLA2R1) and the genes encoding adipogenic proteins were measured using real‐time PCR. The activities of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) were determined using Western blot.ResultssPLA2‐IIE‐/‐ mice gained significantly more epididymal fat than wild‐type (WT) mice. When treated with adipogenic stimuli ex vivo, stromal vascular cells isolated from the adipose tissue of sPLA2‐IIE‐/‐ mice accumulated significantly more TG than those from WT mice. Conversely, a significant reduction in lipid accumulation and an increase of free glycerol were observed in OP9 cells overexpressing sPLA2‐IIE and in 3T3‐L1 cells treated with sPLA2‐IIE protein. Moreover, sPLA2‐IIE significantly induced adipocyte glycerol release and HSL activity, which was inhibited by PD98059, an ERK inhibitor.ConclusionssPLA2‐IIE regulates lipolysis in adipocytes, likely through the ERK/HSL signaling pathway.
Computational Exploration of the Photoprotective Potential of Gadusol
Authors: Losantos Raúl , Churio M. Sandra , Sampedro Diego 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGadusol shows one of the simplest structures among a series of natural UV‐absorbing compounds that have been related to the photoprotective and antioxidant functions in aquatic organisms. CASPT2//CASSCF methodology was used to carry out a theoretical study on this basic structure in order to describe the underlying features responsible for the photoprotective capacity of the molecule. The influence of the enol–enolate equilibrium on the photophysical properties was explored. The results confirm that both forms undergo a rapid deactivation, which very efficiently dissipates light energy as heat. This work highlights the potential of molecular‐level studies to provide an understanding of natural photoprotective mechanisms and gives support to the future design of structurally related new synthetic sunscreens.
In vitro analysis of overall particulate contamination exposure during multidrug IV therapy: Impact of infusion sets
Authors: Perez Maxime , Décaudin Bertrand , Abou Chahla Wadih , Nelken Brigitte , Barthélémy Christine , Lebuffe Gilles , Odou Pascal 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundDrug incompatibilities, recognizable through precipitate, may have clinical consequences for patients, especially during multidrug IV therapies, where vancomycin and piperacillin are present. Drug concentration and infusion set influence the overall particulate contamination of pediatric infusion protocols. The use of multi‐lumen infusion sets could prevent such incompatibilities. Our goal was to define and assess a new way to infuse these drugs during leukemia treatment in children.ProceduresThis in vitro study focused on a pediatric multidrug protocol for patients diagnosed with lymphoblastic leukemia and receiving allogeneic transplantation. Different vancomycin concentrations were tested to infuse incompatible drugs simultaneously without any particle formation (optimized multidrug protocol). A dynamic particle count test was used over 24 hr to evaluate the overall particulate contamination of our standard and optimized multidrug protocols, using both a standard and a multi‐lumen infusion set.ResultsNo visible particles were detected on a decreased vancomycin concentration compared to the standard dose. For the optimized multidrug protocol, the use of a multi‐lumen infusion set reduced overall particulate contamination by 68%, compared to the standard infusion set (P = 0.002). Large‐sized particles were significantly reduced when using the multi‐lumen infusion set approximately 60% (P = 0.027) and 90% (P = 0.009) for particle sizes ≥10 μm and 25 μm, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that a large number of particles can be administered during parenteral multidrug infusion. The choice of drug concentration and/or the type of infusion set may reduce this. Further studies are required to evaluate adverse clinical effects. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1042–1047. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of fetal chromosomal anomalies: does nuchal translucency measurement have added value in the era of non‐invasive prenatal testing?
Authors: Lichtenbelt K. D. , Diemel B. D. M. , Koster M. P. H. , Manten G. T. R. , Siljee J. , Schuring‐Blom G. H. , Page‐Christiaens G. C. M. L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine what percentage of fetal chromosomal anomalies remains undetected when first trimester combined testing is replaced by non‐invasive prenatal testing for trisomies 13, 18, and 21. We focused on the added clinical value of nuchal translucency (NT) measurement.MethodsData on fetal karyotype, ultrasound findings, and pregnancy outcome of all pregnancies with an NT measurement ≥3.5 mm were retrospectively collected from a cohort of 25 057 singleton pregnancies in which first trimester combined testing was performed.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐five fetuses (0.9 %) had an NT ≥3.5 mm. In 24 of these pregnancies, a chromosomal anomaly other than trisomy 13, 18, or 21 was detected. Eleven resulted in fetal demise, and ten showed fetal ultrasound anomalies. In three fetuses with normal ultrasound findings, a chromosomal anomaly was detected, of which one was a triple X.ConclusionsIn three out of 25 057 pregnancies (0.01%), non‐invasive prenatal testing and fetal ultrasound would have missed a chromosomal anomaly that would have been identified by NT measurement. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concealment of lung cancer diagnosis: prevalence and correlates
Authors: Gonzalez Brian D. , Jim Heather S. L. , Cessna Julie M. , Small Brent J. , Sutton Steven K. , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer has a commonly understood behavioral etiology. Thus, lung cancer patients are often blamed for their illness and may seek to avoid this blame by concealing their diagnosis from others. This study sought to determine the prevalence of concealment and identify demographic, clinical, and psychosocial correlates of concealment among lung cancer patients.MethodsA sample of 117 lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy for non‐small cell or small cell lung cancer was recruited and completed self‐report demographic questionnaires, a measure of diagnosis concealment designed and pilot tested for this study, and standard measures of psychosocial variables. Clinical factors were assessed via a medical chart review.ResultsThirty participants (26%) reported concealing their diagnosis in the previous month, most frequently from casual friends and close friends. Reported reasons for concealment largely reflected concern for others. Univariate analyses indicated that those who concealed their lung cancer diagnosis reported more internalized shame related to their illness and use of positive reappraisal as a coping strategy (ps ≤ 0.02). In addition, those who concealed were more likely to have used alcohol in the previous month and have a more recent recurrence, among those who had a recurrence (ps ≤ 0.04). Multivariate analyses indicated that internalized shame and use of positive reappraisal accounted for significant unique variance in concealment above and beyond that accounted for by use of alcohol (ps < 0.05).ConclusionsFuture research should aim to replicate and extend these findings with longitudinal designs to elucidate the directionality of the associations observed in this study. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reporting in studies of protein biomarkers of prognosis in colorectal cancer in relation to the REMARK guidelines
Authors: Jankova Lucy , Dent Owen F. , Molloy Mark P. , Chan Charles , Chapuis Pierre H. , Howell Viive M. , Clarke Stephen J. 
Published: March 2015

PurposeThe REMARK guidelines give authors comprehensive and specific advice on the complete and transparent reporting of studies of prognostic tumor markers. The aim of this study was to use the REMARK guidelines to evaluate the quality of reporting in a sample of studies assessing tissue‐based protein markers for survival after resection of colorectal cancer.Experimental designEighty pertinent articles were scored according to their conformity to 26 items derived from the REMARK criteria.ResultsOverall, on a scale of adequacy of reporting that potentially ranged from 26 to 78, the median for these studies was 60 (interquartile range 54–64) and several criteria were adequately covered in a large proportion of studies. However, others were either not dealt with or inadequately covered, including description of the study design (35%), definition of survival endpoints (48%), adjuvant therapy (54%), follow‐up procedures and time (59%), neoadjuvant therapy (63%), inclusion/exclusion criteria (73%), multivariable modeling methods and results (74%), and discussion of study limitations (85%).Conclusions and clinical relevanceInadequacies in presentation militate against comparability among protein marker studies and undermine the generalizability of their findings. The quality of reporting could be improved if journal editors were to require authors to ensure that their work satisfied the REMARK criteria.
Urinary extracellular vesicles as reservoirs of altered proteins during the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Pocsfalvi Gabriella , Raj Delfin A. A. , Fiume Immacolata , Vilasi Annalisa , Trepiccione Francesco , Capasso Giovambattista 
Published: March 2015

PurposeRecent findings indicate that urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) might reflect the pathophysiological state of urinary system; and that EVs‐induced ciliary signaling is a possible mechanism of intercellular communication within the tract. Here, we aimed to analyze the protein expression of urinary EVs during autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).Experimental designEVs were isolated from pooled urine samples of healthy control and ADPKD patients at two different stages of the disease and under tolvaptan treatment using the double‐cushion ultracentrifugation method. Proteins were identified and quantified by iTRAQ and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT)‐based quantitative proteomics.ResultsQuantitative analyses identified 83 differentially expressed EV proteins. Many of these have apical membrane origin and are involved in signal transduction pathways of primary cilia, Ca2+‐activated signaling, cell‐cycle regulation, and cell differentiation.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe reduced AQP‐2 and the increased APO‐A1 levels observed in all ADPKD‐affected groups may reflects the impaired renal concentrating capability of these patients and correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate decline. The levels of some upregulated proteins involved in Ca2+‐activated signaling declined upon tolvaptan treatment. The results obtained suggest that the quantitative proteomics of urinary EVs might be useful to monitor proteins difficult to access noninvasively, and thus advance our understanding of urinary tract physiology and pathology.
Charge‐neutralization effect of the tail regions on the histone H2A/H2B dimer structure
Authors: Saikusa Kazumi , Shimoyama Singo , Asano Yuuki , Nagadoi Aritaka , Sato Mamoru , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Akashi Satoko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt is well known that various modifications of histone tails play important roles in the regulation of transcription initiation. In this study, some lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) residues were acetylated and deiminated, respectively, in the histone H2A/H2B dimer, and charge‐neutralization effects on the dimer structure were studied by native mass spectrometry. Given that both acetylation and deimination neutralize the positive charges of basic amino acid residues, it had been expected that these modifications would correspondingly affect the gas‐phase behavior of the histone H2A/H2B dimer. Contrary to this expectation, it was found that Arg deimination led to greater difficulty of dissociation of the dimer by gas‐phase collision, whereas acetylation of Lys residues did not cause such a drastic change in the dimer stability. In contrast, ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) experiments showed that arrival times in the mobility cell both of acetylated and of deiminated dimer ions changed little from those of the unmodified dimer ions, indicating that the sizes of the dimer ions did not change by modification. Charge neutralization of Arg, basicity of which is higher than Lys, might have triggered some alteration of the dimer structure that cannot be found in IM‐MS but can be detected by collision in the gas phase.
A stochastic convective backscatter scheme for use in ensemble prediction systems
Authors: Shutts Glenn 
Published: March 2015

Stochastic kinetic energy backscatter schemes are amongst several different types of stochastic parametrization used in operational ensemble weather prediction to account for model uncertainty. They aim to introduce structured wind perturbations randomly into the forecast model, targeting regions of high numerical dissipation, mountain‐wave drag and deep convection. Substantially different implementations of the backscatter scheme in different weather centres confirm the weak scientific underpinning of such stochastic parametrizations and the lack of knowledge of where the true model uncertainty lies.The stochastic scheme presented here makes the reasonable assumption that random model error lies primarily with the parametrization of deep convection and, in particular, with its interaction with model dynamics close to the grid scale. This scheme introduces well‐defined, circularly symmetric patterns of wind forcing centred on grid columns containing parametrized convective mass transfer. Tests of the scheme in ensemble mode are carried out in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast model, the spectral basis of which enables a clean implementation in terms of spatially filtered vorticity and divergence forcing fields. Its effectiveness as a model error representation is assessed relative to ECMWF's operational backscatter and perturbed parametrization tendency schemes. Bearing in mind the simplicity of the scheme, it is surprisingly effective in increasing spread, reducing the error of the ensemble mean and increasing probability skill scores, particularly in the Tropics. It is proposed that this representation of backscatter addresses model uncertainty more realistically than current operational stochastic backscatter schemes and may remove the need for a perturbed parametrization tendency approach.
Gain‐scheduled leader‐follower tracking control for interconnected parameter varying systems
Authors: Cheng Yi , Ugrinovskii V. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper considers the gain‐scheduled leader‐follower tracking control problem for a parameter varying complex interconnected system with directed communication topology and uncertain norm‐bounded coupling between the agents. A gain‐scheduled consensus‐type control protocol is proposed and a sufficient condition is obtained, which guarantees a suboptimal bound on the system tracking performance under this protocol. An interpolation technique is used to obtain a protocol schedule, which is continuous in the scheduling parameter. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using a simulation example. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signals and mechanics shaping compartment boundaries in Drosophila
Authors: Umetsu Daiki , Dahmann Christian 
Published: March 2015

During animal development groups of cells with similar fates and functions often stay together and separate from cells with different fates. An example for this cellular behavior is the formation of compartments, groups of cells with similar fates that are separated by sharp boundaries from neighboring groups of cells. Compartments play important roles during patterning by serving as units of growth and gene expression. Boundaries between compartments are associated with organizers that secrete signaling molecules instructing growth and differentiation throughout the tissue. The straight shape of the boundary between compartments is important for maintaining the position and shape of the organizer and thus for precise patterning. The straight shape of compartment boundaries, however, is challenged by cell divisions and cell intercalations that take place in many developing tissues. Early work established a role for selector genes and signaling pathways in setting up and keeping boundaries straight. Recent work in Drosophila has now begun to further unravel the physical and cellular mechanisms that maintain compartment boundaries. Key to the separation of compartments is a local increase of actomyosin‐dependent mechanical tension at cell junctions along the boundary. Increased mechanical tension acts as a barrier to cell mixing during cell division and influences cell rearrangements during cell intercalations along the compartment boundary in a way that the straight shape of the boundary is maintained. An important question for the future is how the signaling pathways that maintain the straight shape of compartment boundaries control mechanical tension along these boundaries. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:407–417. doi: 10.1002/wdev.178This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cell Sorting and Boundary Formation
Cylindrical vortex wake model: skewed cylinder, application to yawed or tilted rotors
Authors: Branlard E. , Gaunaa M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA vortex system consisting of a bound vortex disk, a root vortex and a vortex cylinder is presented and applied for skewed wake situations. Both the longitudinal and tangential components of vorticity of the cylinder are considered. A subset of this system leads to a model, which is commonly used in Blade Element Momentum method codes for yawed conditions. Here, all the components of the full vortex system are analyzed in view of extending Blade Element Momentum models. The main assumptions of the current study are a constant uniform circulation, an infinite number of blades, an un‐expanding wake shape and a finite tip‐speed ratio. The investigation remains within the context of inviscid potential flow theory. The model is derived for horizontal‐axis rotors in general, but results are presented for wind‐turbine applications. For each vortex element, the velocity components in all directions are computed analytically or semi‐analytically for the entire domain. Simplified engineering models are provided to ease the evaluation of velocities in the rotor plane. The predominant velocity components are assessed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postprandial Lipid Responses do not Differ Following Consumption of Butter or Vegetable Oil when Consumed with Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Dias Cintia B. , Phang Melinda , Wood Lisa G. , Garg Manohar L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDietary saturated fat (SFA) intake has been associated with elevated blood lipid levels and increased risk for the development of chronic diseases. However, some animal studies have demonstrated that dietary SFA may not raise blood lipid levels when the diet is sufficient in omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3PUFA). Therefore, in a randomised cross‐over design, we investigated the postprandial effects of feeding meals rich in either SFA (butter) or vegetable oil rich in omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6PUFA), in conjunction with n‐3PUFA, on blood lipid profiles [total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and triacylglycerol (TAG)] and n‐3PUFA incorporation into plasma lipids over a 6‐h period. The incremental area under the curve for plasma cholesterol, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, TAG and n‐3PUFA levels over 6 h was similar in the n‐6PUFA compared to SFA group. The postprandial lipemic response to saturated fat is comparable to that of n‐6PUFA when consumed with n‐3PUFA; however, sex‐differences in response to dietary fat type are worthy of further attention.
Decomposing the Effect of Crime on Population Changes
Authors: Foote Andrew 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article estimates the effect of crime on migration rates for counties in U.S. metropolitan areas and makes three contributions to the literature. First, I use administrative data on migration flows between counties, which gives me more precise estimates of population changes than data used in previous studies. Second, I am able to decompose net population changes into gross migration flows in order to identify how individuals respond to crime rate changes. Finally, I include county-level trends so that my identification comes from shocks away from the trend. I find effects that are one-fiftieth the size of the most prominent estimate in the literature; and although the long-run effects are somewhat larger, they are still only approximately one-twentieth as large. I also find that responses to crime rates differ by subgroups, and that increases in crime cause white households to leave the county, with effects almost 10 times as large as for black households.
Southern Sudanese Narratives of Displacement, and the Ambiguity of “Voice”
Authors: Kindersley Nicki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRefugee life stories have developed as a popular medium for attempting to portray southern Sudanese wartime experience. These narratives of war and exile have been told, edited and published in what has become an explanatory industry in refugee work worldwide. The development of this economy of life stories from the early 1980s, however, has encouraged the propagation of standardized displaced “life stories” as a discrete narrative genre. This article traces the formulation of this distinctive style of historical explanation and argues that this genre, while claiming emancipatory agency and “voice” for marginalized people, has instead become a narrative trap.
Pumiliobelus, a new dwarf coleoid genus (Belemnoidea: Dimitobelidae) from the Cenomanian of Western Australia
Authors: Williamson Toni , Henderson Robert A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA rare diminutive belemnite, Pumiliobelus n. gen., is described based on the new species P. haigi and P. tumidus from the upper Gearle Siltstone (Cenomanian) of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. No smaller belemnites than these species are known. That they are based on adult specimens rather than juveniles is supported by a large sample, some 80 specimens, of P. haigi which collectively show a proportional range in size typical of belemnite species in general, a group in which juveniles are conspicuously lacking in the fossil record. Rostral morphology places Pumiliobelus in the Dimitobelidae, a distinctively Austral family of Aptian–Maastrichtian age, which became progressively restricted to high latitudes through the late Cretaceous. Each species of Pumiliobelus is known from a single locality where it co-occurs with the long-ranging (Albian–Cenomanian) Dimitobelus diptychus Whitehouse of widespread distribution at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. Dwarfism in the Dimitobelidae, as expressed by Pumiliobelus, is considered to reflect adaptive evolution to engage opportunistic life strategies that favored small body size and rapid population turnover. The rare occurrence of dwarf Dimitobelidae indicates that such strategies were limited in both geographic range and duration. Dwarfism expressed by Pumiliobelus may relate to paedomorphosis induced by rising seawater temperatures in the mid Cretaceous.