bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding duration and cognitive, language and motor development at 18 months of age: Rhea mother–child cohort in Crete, Greece
Authors: Leventakou Vasiliki , Roumeliotaki Theano , Koutra Katerina , Vassilaki Maria , Mantzouranis Evangelia , Bitsios Panos , Kogevinas Manolis , Chatzi Leda 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundBreast feeding duration has been associated with improved cognitive development in children. However, few population-based prospective studies have evaluated dose–response relationships of breastfeeding duration with language and motor development at early ages, and results are discrepant.MethodsThe study uses data from the prospective mother–child cohort (‘Rhea’ study) in Crete, Greece. 540 mother–child pairs were included in the present analysis. Information about parental and child characteristics and breastfeeding practices was obtained by interview-administered questionnaires. Trained psychologists assessed cognitive, language and motor development by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (3rd edition) at the age of 18 months.ResultsDuration of breast feeding was linearly positively associated with all the Bayley scales, except of gross motor. The association persisted after adjustment for potential confounders with an increase of 0.28 points in the scale of cognitive development (β=0.28; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.55), 0.29 points in the scale of receptive communication (β=0.29; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.54), 0.30 points in the scale of expressive communication (β=0.30; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.57) and 0.29 points in the scale of fine motor development (β=0.29; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.56) per accumulated month of breast feeding. Children who were breast fed longer than 6 months had a 4.44-point increase in the scale of fine motor development (β=4.44; 95% CI 0.06 to 8.82) compared with those never breast fed.ConclusionsLonger duration of breast feeding was associated with increased scores in cognitive, language and motor development at 18 months of age, independently from a wide range of parental and infant characteristics. Additional longitudinal studies and trials are needed to confirm these results.
The influence of ethnicity on breastfeeding rates in Ireland: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ladewig Emma L , Hayes Catherine , Browne John , Layte Richard , Reulbach Udo 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundHistorically, breastfeeding rates in Ireland have been low compared with international averages. It has been suggested that maternal ethnicity and citizenship may influence breastfeeding rates, with ethnic minorities thought more likely to breast feed.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the association among maternal citizenship, ethnicity, birthplace and breast feeding. It is hypothesised that Irish mothers (identified through Irish citizenship, self-identified Irish ethnicity or Irish birthplace) are less likely to breast feed than non-Irish mothers.MethodsThe study population ofGrowing Up in Ireland: the National Longitudinal Study of Childrenwas used for this study. Analysis was restricted to 11 092 biological mother and infant pairs with a complete breastfeeding history. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for breast feeding relative to maternal citizenship and ethnicity, controlling for the confounding effects of other maternal variables.ResultsResults indicated that 55.9% (6202 of 11 092) of mothers had initiated breast feeding, with only 7.9% (874 of 11 092) of mothers currently breast feeding their infant (at 9 months of age). Irish citizens (4693 of 9368, 50.0%) were significantly less likely to have initiated breast feeding compared with non-Irish citizens (1503 of 1695, 88.7%). Irish born mothers (4179 of 8627, 48.8%) were also significantly less likely to have initiated breast feeding than mothers born elsewhere (2023 of 2462, 82.2%).ConclusionsMaternal citizenship and ethnicity appear to be the strongest influencing factors on breastfeeding initiation and duration. However, this raises a possibility that the increase in breastfeeding rates seen recently may be the result of increased immigration into Ireland, rather than the success of policy and research efforts.
Heaviness, health and happiness: a cross-sectional study of 163066 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Ul-Haq Zia , Mackay Daniel F , Martin Daniel , Smith Daniel J , Gill Jason M R , Nicholl Barbara I , Cullen Breda , Evans Jonathan , Roberts Beverly , Deary Ian J , Gallacher John , Hotopf Matthew , Craddock Nick , Pell Jill P 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundObesity is known to increase the risk of many diseases and reduce overall quality of life. This study examines the relationship with self-reported health (SRH) and happiness.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of the 163 066 UK Biobank participants who completed the happiness rating. The association between adiposity and SRH and happiness was examined using logistic regression. SRH was defined as good (excellent, good), or poor (fair, poor). Self-reported happiness was defined as happy (extremely, very, moderately) or unhappy (moderately, very, extremely).ResultsPoor health was reported by 44 457 (27.3%) participants. The adjusted ORs for poor health were 3.86, 2.92, 2.60 and 6.41 for the highest, compared with lowest, deciles of Body Mass Index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body fat percent, respectively. The associations were stronger in men (p<0.001). Overall, 7511 (4.6%) participants felt unhappy, and only class III obese participants were more likely to feel unhappy (adjusted OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.53, p<0.001) but the associations differed by sex (p<0.001). Among women, there was a significant association between unhappiness and all levels of obesity. By contrast, only class III obese men had significantly increased risk and overweight and class I obese men were less likely to be unhappy.ConclusionsObesity impacts adversely on happiness as well as health, but the association with unhappiness disappeared after adjustment for self-reported health, indicating this may be mediated by health. Compared with obese men, obese women are less likely to report poor health, but more likely to feel unhappy.
Development of a Croatian version of the US Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire: dimensionality and psychometric properties
Authors: Brborović Hana , Šklebar Ivan , Brborović Ognjen , Brumen Vlatka , Mustajbegović Jadranka , Bajić Žarko , Komerički Mirjana , Babić Nikola 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), originally developed in the USA, is used worldwide to assess patient safety culture in hospitals. A limited number of studies have provided data on psychometric properties outside of the US healthcare system. Our aim was to determine if all 12 dimensions of the US HSOPSC were applicable, valid and reliable to Croatian healthcare workers.

Methods
The study was conducted from September 2010 to April 2011. Questions were translated into Croatian and then translated back into English. The questionnaires (ie, the Croatian translation of the US HSOPSC) were distributed in unmarked envelopes along with a consent form to all the doctors and nurses in four Croatian hospitals. The responses were analysed using explorative factor analyses, reliability testing, and confirmatory factor analyses.

Results
The study included 561 healthcare workers in four Croatian hospitals—a response rate of 32.69%. Our results are similar to the original US sample, but with some differences: 11 dimensions with acceptable reliability scores were identified by exploratory factor analysis compared with the original 12 in the US sample; five of 12 dimensions had a Cronbach’s α higher than 0.7, suggesting a reasonable fit to the original US HSOPSC; the dimensions ‘Staffing’ and ‘Organisational learning—continuous improvement’ were found to have a Cronbach’s α &lt;0.6. The use of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a good fit to the original US model.

Conclusions
Results show that the Croatian translation of the US HSOPSC is compatible in 11 of the original 12 dimensions. Results suggest that for the purposes of research in Croatia, the dimensions ‘Staffing’, ‘Communication openness’, and ‘Organisational learning—continuous improvement’ should be revised. For example, the use of question A7 (‘We use more agency/temporary staff than is best for patient care’) in the context of European healthcare systems should be adapted or removed for the Croatian version of the US HSOPSC questionnaire.
Nutlin-3a Efficacy in Sarcoma Predicted by Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Profiling
Authors: Pishas Kathleen I. , Neuhaus Susan J. , Clayer Mark T. , Schreiber Andreas W. , Lawrence David M. , Perugini Michelle , Whitfield Robert J. , Farshid Gelareh , Manavis Jim , Chryssidis Steve , Mayo Bronwen J. , Haycox Rebecca C. , Ho Kristen , Brown Michael P. , D'Andrea Richard J. , Evdokiou Andreas , Thomas David M. , Desai Jayesh , Callen David F. , Neilsen Paul M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Nutlin-3a is a small-molecule antagonist of p53/MDM2 that is being explored as a treatment for sarcoma. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of sarcomas to Nutlin-3a. In an ex vivo tissue explant system, we found that TP53 pathway alterations (TP53 status, MDM2/MDM4 genomic amplification/mRNA overexpression, MDM2 SNP309, and TP53 SNP72) did not confer apoptotic or cytostatic responses in sarcoma tissue biopsies (n = 24). Unexpectedly, MDM2 status did not predict Nutlin-3a sensitivity. RNA sequencing revealed that the global transcriptomic profiles of these sarcomas provided a more robust prediction of apoptotic responses to Nutlin-3a. Expression profiling revealed a subset of TP53 target genes that were transactivated specifically in sarcomas that were highly sensitive to Nutlin-3a. Of these target genes, the GADD45A promoter region was shown to be hypermethylated in 82% of wild-type TP53 sarcomas that did not respond to Nutlin-3a, thereby providing mechanistic insight into the innate ability of sarcomas to resist apoptotic death following Nutlin-3a treatment. Collectively, our findings argue that the existing benchmark biomarker for MDM2 antagonist efficacy (MDM2 amplification) should not be used to predict outcome but rather global gene expression profiles and epigenetic status of sarcomas dictate their sensitivity to p53/MDM2 antagonists. Cancer Res; 74(3); 921–31. ©2013 AACR.
Colonization of the Human Gut by E. coli and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Bonnet Mathilde , Buc Emmanuel , Sauvanet Pierre , Darcha Claude , Dubois Damien , Pereira Bruno , Déchelotte Pierre , Bonnet Richard , Pezet Denis , Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: The intestinal microbiota is potentially involved in the development of colorectal carcinoma via various mechanisms. Escherichia coli are commensal bacteria of the human gut microbiota, but some pathogenic strains have acquired the ability to induce chronic inflammation and/or produce toxins, such as cyclomodulin, which could participate in the carcinogenesis process. Here, we analyzed the E. coli population associated with mucosa of patients with colon cancer in relation to clinicopathologic characteristics. We assessed carcinogenic properties of a colon cancer–associated E. coli strain in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice.
Experimental design: Mucosa-associated or internalized E. coli were quantified and characterized from tumors and mucosa of patients with colon cancer and the healthy mucosa of diverticulosis controls. Min mice were inoculated with a colon cancer–associated E. coli strain (11G5). The number of colonic polyps was evaluated at 7 weeks after infection.
Results: An increased level of mucosa-associated and internalized E. coli was observed in the tumors compared with normal tissue. A relationship between poor prognostic factors for colon cancer (tumor–node–metastasis stage) and colonization of mucosa by E. coli was observed. Pathogenic cyclomodulin-positive E. coli strains were more prevalent on mucosa of patients with stages III/IV than those with stage I colon cancer. Proliferative index and E. coli colonization level of the mucosa distant from the tumor significantly correlated. Min mice infected with the E. coli strain 11G5 displayed a marked increase in the number of visible colonic polyps compared with controls.
Conclusion: These findings support that pathogenic E. coli could be a cofactor in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 859–67. ©2013 AACR.
DNA Methyltransferase Inhibition Reverses Epigenetically Embedded Phenotypes in Lung Cancer Preferentially Affecting Polycomb Target Genes
Authors: Hascher Antje , Haase Ann-Kristin , Hebestreit Katja , Rohde Christian , Klein Hans-Ulrich , Rius Maria , Jungen Dominik , Witten Anika , Stoll Monika , Schulze Isabell , Ogawa Seishi , Wiewrodt Rainer , Tickenbrock Lara , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Dugas Martin , Thoennissen Nils H. , Müller-Tidow Carsten 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Cancer cell phenotypes are partially determined by epigenetic specifications, such as DNA methylation. Metastasis development is a late event in cancerogenesis and might be associated with epigenetic alterations.
Experimental Design: An in vivo selection approach was used to generate highly aggressive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and HTB56) followed by genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of the epigenetic agent azacytidine on DNA methylation patterns and the in vivo phenotypes were explored.
Results: Widespread changes of DNA methylation were observed during development of highly aggressive cell lines. Up to 2.5% of the CpG-rich region was differentially methylated as identified by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing compared with the less aggressive parental cell lines. DNA methyltransferase inhibition by azacytidine reversed the prometastatic phenotype; this was highly associated with the preferential loss of DNA methylation at sites that were hypermethylated during the in vivo selection. Of note, polycomb (PRC2) binding sites were particularly affected by DNA methylation changes after azacytidine exposure that persisted over time.
Conclusions: We could show that metastatic capability of NSCLC is closely associated with DNA methylome alterations. Because inhibition of DNA methyltransferase reversed metastasis-prone phenotype, epigenetic modulation seems to be a potential therapeutic approach to prevent metastasis formation. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 814–26. ©2013 AACR.
Mesothelin Overexpression Is a Marker of Tumor Aggressiveness and Is Associated with Reduced Recurrence-Free and Overall Survival in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kachala Stefan S. , Bograd Adam J. , Villena-Vargas Jonathan , Suzuki Kei , Servais Elliot L. , Kadota Kyuichi , Chou Joanne , Sima Camelia S. , Vertes Eva , Rusch Valerie W. , Travis William D. , Sadelain Michel , Adusumilli Prasad S. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: In an effort to identify molecular markers of tumor aggressiveness and therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), we investigated the expression of mesothelin (MSLN) in lung ADC, as well as its biologic and clinical relevance.
Experimental Design: In a training and validation set of patients with early-stage (I–III) lung ADC (n = 1,209), a tissue microarray consisting of tumors and normal lung tissue was used to examine the association between MSLN expression and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The influence of MSLN overexpression on lung ADC was investigated in vitro and in vivo by use of clinically relevant orthotopic and metastatic xenogeneic and syngeneic mouse models.
Results: MSLN was expressed in 69% of lung ADC tumors, with one in five patients strongly expressing MSLN and no expression in normal lung tissue. Increased MSLN expression was associated with reduced OS [HR = 1.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–2.50; P &lt; 0.01] and RFS (HR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.21–2.27; P &lt; 0.01) in multivariate analyses, even after adjustment for currently known markers of tumor aggressiveness in lung ADC: male sex, smoking history, increasing stage, morphologic pattern, visceral pleural invasion, lymphatic or vascular invasion, and mutation status. In vitro, lung ADC cells overexpressing MSLN demonstrated increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; in vivo, mice with MSLN(+) tumors demonstrated decreased survival (P = 0.001).
Conclusions: MSLN expression in patients with early-stage lung ADC is associated with increased risk of recurrence and reduced OS, indicating that MSLN expression is a molecular marker of tumor aggressiveness and a potential target for therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 1020–8. ©2013 AACR.
NEDD9 Regulates 3D Migratory Activity Independent of the Rac1 Morphology Switch in Glioma and Neuroblastoma
Authors: Zhong Jessie , Bach Cuc T. , Shum Michael S.Y. , O'Neill Geraldine M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Metastasizing tumor cells must transmigrate the dense extracellular matrix that surrounds most organs. The use of three-dimensional (3D) collagen gels has revealed that many cancer cells can switch between different modes of invasion that are characterized by distinct morphologies (e.g., rounded vs. elongated). The adhesion protein NEDD9 has the potential to regulate the switch between elongated and rounded morphologies; therefore, its role was interrogated in the invasion switch of glioblastoma and neuroblastoma tumors that similarly derive from populations of neural crest cells. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated depletion of NEDD9 failed to induce cell rounding in glioma or neuroblastoma cells, contrasting the effects that have been described in other tumor model systems. Given that Rac1 GTPase has been suggested to mediate the switch between elongated and rounded invasion, the functionality of the Rac1 morphology switch was evaluated in the glioma and neuroblastoma cells. Using both dominant-negative Rac1 and Rac1-specific siRNA, the presence of this morphologic switch was confirmed in the neuroblastoma, but not in the glioma cells. However, in the absence of a morphologic change following NEDD9 depletion, a significant decrease in the cellular migration rate was observed. Thus, the data reveal that NEDD9 can regulate 3D migration speed independent of the Rac1 morphology switch.
Implications: NEDD9 targeting is therapeutically viable as it does not stimulate adaptive changes in glioma and neuroblastoma invasion. Mol Cancer Res; 12(2); 264–73. ©2013 AACR.
Clinical Implications of Referral Bias in the Diagnostic Performance of Exercise Testing for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ladapo Joseph A. , Blecker Saul , Elashoff Michael R. , Federspiel Jerome J. , Vieira Dorice L. , Sharma Gaurav , Monane Mark , Rosenberg Steven , Phelps Charles E. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: December 2013

Background
Exercise testing with echocardiography or myocardial perfusion imaging is widely used to risk‐stratify patients with suspected coronary artery disease. However, reports of diagnostic performance rarely adjust for referral bias, and this practice may adversely influence patient care. Therefore, we evaluated the potential impact of referral bias on diagnostic effectiveness and clinical decision‐making.

Methods and Results

Searching PubMed and
EMBASE
(1990–2012), 2 investigators independently evaluated eligibility and abstracted data on study characteristics and referral patterns. Diagnostic performance reported in 4 previously published meta‐analyses of exercise echocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging was adjusted using pooled referral rates and Bayesian methods. Twenty‐one studies reported referral patterns in 49 006 patients (mean age 60.7 years, 39.6% women, and 0.8% prior history of myocardial infarction). Catheterization referral rates after normal and abnormal exercise tests were 4.0% (95%
CI
, 2.9% to 5.0%) and 42.5% (36.2% to 48.9%), respectively, with odds ratio for referral after an abnormal test of 14.6 (10.7 to 19.9). After adjustment for referral, exercise echocardiography sensitivity fell from 84% (80% to 89%) to 34% (27% to 41%), and specificity rose from 77% (69% to 86%) to 99% (99% to 100%). Similarly, exercise myocardial perfusion imaging sensitivity fell from 85% (81% to 88%) to 38% (31% to 44%), and specificity rose from 69% (61% to 78%) to 99% (99% to 100%). Summary receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated only modest changes in overall discriminatory power but adjusting for referral increased positive‐predictive value and reduced negative‐predictive value.

Conclusions
Exercise echocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging are considerably less sensitive and more specific for coronary artery disease after adjustment for referral. Given these findings, future work should assess the comparative ability of these and other tests to rule‐in versus rule‐out coronary artery disease.
Carotid Stenting
Authors: Calvet David , Mas Jean-Louis , Algra Ale , Becquemin Jean-Pierre , Bonati Leo H. , Dobson Joanna , Fraedrich Gustav , Jansen Olav , Mali Willem P. , Ringleb Peter A. , Chatellier Gilles , Brown Martin M. ,   Carotid Stenting Trialists’ Collaboration (CSTC)—Writing Committee:, Calvet D. , Mas J.-L. , Algra A. , Becquemin J.-P. , Bonati L.H. , Dobson J. , Fraedrich G. , Jansen O. , Mali W.P. , Ringleb P.A. , Chatellier G. , Brown M.M. ,   Steering Committee:, Algra A. ,   EVA-3S:, Becquemin J.P. , Chatellier G. , Mas J.-L. ,   SPACE:, Fraedrich G. , Ringleb P.A. , Jansen O. ,   ICSS:, Bonati L. H. , Brown M. M. , Mali W. P. ,   Steering Committees of trials included in CSTC: EVA-3S:, Mas J.-L. , Chatellier G. , Becquemin J.-P. , Bonneville J.-F. , Branchereau A. , Crochet D. , Gaux J. C. , Larrue V. , Leys D. , Watelet J. ,   SPACE:, Hacke W. , Hennerici M. , Allenberg J.R. , Maurer P.C. , Eckstein H.-H. , Zeumer H. , Jansen O. ,   ICSS:, Algra A. , Bamford J. , Beard J. , Bland M. , Bradbury A.W. , Brown M.M. , Clifton A. , Gaines P. , Hacke W. , Halliday A. , Malik I. , Mas J.-L. , McGuire A.J. , Sidhu P. , Venables G. 
Published: December 2013

Background and Purpose—
Randomized clinical trials show higher 30-day risk of stroke or death after carotid artery stenting compared with surgery. We examined whether operator experience is associated with 30-day risk of stroke or death in the Carotid Stenting Trialists’ Collaboration database.

Methods—
The Carotid Stenting Trialists’ Collaboration is a pooled individual patient database including all patients recruited in 3 randomized trials of stenting versus endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis (Endarterectomy Versus Angioplasty in patients with Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis trial, Stent-Protected Angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy trial, and International Carotid Stenting Study). Lifetime carotid artery stenting experience, lifetime experience in stenting procedures excluding the carotid, and annual number of procedures performed within the trial (in-trial volume), divided into tertiles, were used to measure operator experience. The outcome event was the occurrence of any stroke or death within 30 days of the procedure. The analysis was done per protocol.

Results—

Among 1546 patients who underwent carotid artery stenting, 120 (7.8%) had a stroke or death within 30 days of the procedure. The 30-day risk of stroke or death did not differ according to operator lifetime carotid artery stenting experience (
P
=0.8) or operator lifetime stenting experience excluding the carotid (
P
=0.7). In contrast, the 30-day risk of stroke or death was significantly higher in patients treated by operators with low (mean ≤3.2 procedures/y; risk 10.1%; adjusted risk ratio=2.30 [1.36–3.87]) and intermediate annual in-trial volumes (3.2–5.6 procedures/y; 8.4%; adjusted risk ratio=1.93 [1.14–3.27]) compared with patients treated by high annual in-trial volume operators (>5.6 procedures/y; 5.1%).

Conclusions—
Carotid stenting should only be performed by operators with annual procedure volume ≥6 cases per year.