bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four‐year incidence and predictors of coronal caries in south Brazilian elderly
Authors: De Marchi Renato José , dos Santos Camila Mello , Martins Aline Blaya , Hugo Fernando Neves , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Padilha Dalva Maria 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the incidence and predictors of coronal caries among community‐dwelling elderly in a southern Brazilian city.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using a simple random sample of persons aged 60 years or older in Carlos Barbosa city, southern Brazil. Interviews and oral examinations were conducted among 388 dentate individuals at baseline and among 273 at 4‐year follow‐up. The incidence of coronal caries was modeled by means of negative binomial regression.ResultsSome 184 (76.7%) participants presented with new coronal caries lesions or restorations, whose mean number was 2.2 ± 2.1, whereas the 4‐year mean coronal caries incidence rate was 0.28 ± 0.29. In the multivariate model that controlled for baseline predictors, older age, male gender, living in a rural area, current smoking, and negative self‐perception of oral health were associated with coronal caries incidence. Among clinical variables, the use of partial dentures was a predictor, whereas higher saliva flow rate was a protective factor for the outcome.ConclusionsDemographic factors, primary determinants of health, behavioral, and clinical variables were predictors of the incidence of coronal caries. As people enter old age, even stronger emphasis should be put on preventive strategies.
Aflibercept for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma
Authors: SooHoo Jeffrey R , Seibold Leonard K , Pantcheva Mina B , Kahook Malik Y 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundNeovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a potentially blinding disease associated with ocular ischaemia. Use of an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor agent has been reported as a treatment option for NVG. The purpose of this study was to investigate initial results regarding the treatment of NVG with intravitreal aflibercept.DesignThis study employed a prospective, interventional case series study design.ParticipantsPatients with newly diagnosed stage 1 or 2 neovascular glaucoma were eligible to participate in this study.MethodsFour patients with newly diagnosed stage 1 or 2 NVG were treated with intravitreal aflibercept at the time of diagnosis, with planned repeat injection at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and then every 8 weeks thereafter up until 52 weeks after study initiation.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcomes were regression of neovascularization of the iris and angle (NVI, NVA). Secondary outcome measurements included visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP).ResultsIntravitreal aflibercept resulted in rapid regression of NVI and NVA. IOP was stable or reduced in all patients at the 52‐week study visit.ConclusionsThese results suggest that intravitreal aflibercept may be an effective treatment for stage 1 and 2 NVG, resulting in rapid and sustained regression of NVI and NVA as well as control of IOP. Further research is needed to determine the full duration of effect and the optimal dose and timing of administration.
Wirksamkeit einer Adapalen‐/Benzoylperoxid ‐Kombinationstherapie bei mittelschwerer entzündlicher Akne und ihr Einfluss auf die Therapietreue der behandelten Patienten
Authors: Gollnick Harald , Funke Gisela , Kors Christian , Titzmann Thomas , Jöstingmeyer Petra , Jäckel Andreas 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungAdapalen 0,1 %/Benzoylperoxid (BPO) 2.5 % (Epiduo®) ist das erste topische Kombinationsgel mit festgesetzter Dosierung, welches für die einmal tägliche Behandlung von Akne entwickelt wurde. Die Zielsetzung dieser Beobachtungsstudie war es, bei einer großen Zahl junger Erwachsener und Jugendlichen (12 bis 20 Jahre) mit mittelschwerer entzündlicher Akne die Wirksamkeit und Therapietreue der Patienten im klinischen Alltag zu beurteilen.Patienten und MethodenInsgesamt wurden in dieser multizentrischen, unverblindeten, prospektiven nicht‐interventionellen Beobachtungsstudie 2780 mit Adapalen/BPO behandelte Patienten untersucht. Pro Patient betrug die Observationszeit etwa 12 Wochen. Zu den Bewertungsparametern zählten Veränderungen im Schweregrad der Akne, Behandlungserfolg, Sicherheit und Therapieadhärenz.ErgebnisseNach 12 Wochen zeigte sich bei der Mehrheit der Patienten (91,5 %) eine Verbesserung der Akne nach Behandlung mit Adapalen/BPO; erste therapeutische Reaktionen waren nach einer mittleren Zeit von 14 Tagen zu beobachten. Insgesamt zeigten 21,8 % der Teilnehmer eine vollständige Auflösung der sichtbaren Akneläsionen. Die Therapietreue wurde bei 63,2 % der Patienten als gut beurteilt. Meist wurde (69,5 %) keine oder nur eine leichte lokale Hautirritation bemerkt. Im Lauf der Studie wurde von keinen schwerwiegenden unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW)/Nebenwirkungen berichtet.SchlussfolgerungenBei der Behandlung von mittelschwerer entzündlicher Akne ist Adapalen/BPO als wirksam und sicher einzustufen. Die Kombination mit festgesetzter Dosierung und die einfache Anwendung vereinfacht die Behandlung und führte bei den meisten Patienten zu einer guten Therapieadhärenz.
Gütegeschaltete Nd:YAG‐Laserbehandlung labialer Lentigines bei Peutz‐Jeghers‐Syndrom
Authors: Ge Yiping , Jia Gaorong , Lin Tong 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielLabiale Lentigines beim Peutz‐Jeghers‐Syndrom sind kosmetisch entstellend und belastend. Wenngleich verschiedene Behandlungsansätze wie gütegeschaltete (Q‐switched) Rubin‐Laser und gütegeschaltete Alexandrit‐Laser vorgeschlagen wurden, gibt es bisher keine Erfahrungen mit dem gütegeschalteten Nd:YAG‐Laser. Ziel dieser Studie war die retrospektive Auswertung von Effizienz und Sicherheit des gütegeschalteten Nd:YAG‐Lasers (532 nm) bei labialen Lentigines bei Peutz‐Jeghers‐Syndrom.Patienten und MethodikEs wurden demographische und klinische Daten von 11 ­Patienten mit Peutz‐Jeghers‐Syndrom anhand eines Bewertungssystems nach Quartilen ausgewertet. Alle Patienten wurden mit einem gütegeschalteten Nd:YAG‐Laser mit folgenden Parametern behandelt: Wellenlänge 532 nm, Spotgröße 3 mm, Impulsdauer 5–20 ns, Fluenz 1,8–2,2 J/cm2.ErgebnisseNach zwei bis sechs (Mittelwert 3,6) Behandlungen konnte ein Durchschnittswert von 3,73 erreicht werden. Acht Patienten (72,7 %) zeigten ein exzellentes Ansprechen mit einem mehr als 75%‐igen Rückgang der Läsionen; drei Patienten (27,3 %) zeigten eine gute Reaktion. Wiederholte Behandlungen verbesserten die ­Beseitigung der labialen Lentigines. Statistisch konnte kein Zusammenhang zwischen Alter, Geschlecht und Hauttyp nach Fitzpatrick mit der Effizienz der ersten Behandlung festgestellt werden. Es wurden weder Rezidive an behandelten Stellen noch ­signifikante Komplikationen beobachtet.SchlussfolgerungDer gütegeschaltete Nd:YAG‐Laser ist eine effiziente und sichere Behandlungsmöglichkeit bei labialen Lentigines bei Peutz‐Jeghers‐Syndrom.
Pädiatrische Dermatohistopathologie – Histologie von Dermatosen im Neugeborenen‐ und Säuglingsalter
Authors: Wobser Marion , Ernestus Karen , Hamm Henning 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungWährend die Physiologie der Neugeborenen‐ und Säuglingshaut in den letzten Jahren mittels nichtinvasiver Techniken eingehend untersucht worden ist, liegen bisher nur wenige systematische Untersuchungen und Übersichten zur Histologie und Histopathologie der Haut in den ersten Lebensmonaten vor. Auch wenn sich das histologische Muster frühkindlicher Dermatosen häufig nicht von demjenigen des Erwachsenenalters unterscheidet, können gute Kenntnisse über die embryofetale Entwicklung des Hautorgans und die mikroanatomische Struktur der frühkindlichen Haut doch zum besseren Verständnis einiger kindlicher Hauterkrankungen beitragen. In dieser Übersicht stellen wir in einem ersten Abschnitt die Histopathologie von solchen Hauterkrankungen dar, welche zwar insgesamt selten sind, sich jedoch aufgrund struktureller oder entwicklungsphysiologischer Besonderheiten der Neugeborenenhaut nahezu ausschließlich in dieser Zeit manifestieren. In einem weiteren Abschnitt besprechen wir die Histopathologie einiger klassischer Dermatosen des Neugeborenen‐ und Säuglingsalters.
Biscogniauxia nummularia infecting beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees and sympatric plants of the sedge Carex brevicollis
Authors: Zabalgogeazcoa I. , Pedro J. , Canals R. M. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBiscogniauxia nummularia is known for its association with beech (Fagus sylvatica), on which it occurs as a saprotroph and a pathogen causing strip cankers following water stress. This fungus has also been reported as a dominant endophytic species in plants of the sedge Carex brevicollis growing in the understory of beech forests and adjacent grasslands in Sierra de Urbasa (Navarre, Spain). In this area, stromata of B. nummularia were observed in dead and living wood of beech trees at several locations where plants of C. brevicollis also contained the fungus as an endophyte. Pure cultures obtained from stromata of B. nummularia on F. sylvatica trees were compared to endophytic isolates from symptomless C. brevicollis. Culture morphology and micromorphology as well as rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were identical, suggesting that B. nummularia from beech can also live endophytically in C. brevicollis. It is unknown whether the endophytic strains of Carex might have a role as an inoculum source for the infection of beech trees, or whether they represent a dead end in the life cycle of the fungus.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and RAS mutation in sporadic keratoacanthoma
Authors: Roh Mi Ryung , Kim Jee Hung , Lee Sang Hee , Oh Seung Joon , Park Kyu Hyun , Chung Kee Yang , Rha Sun Young 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundRAS gene activation and its association with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been extensively studied in various cancers. However, the correlation between RAS mutations and HPV in keratoacanthoma (KA) has not yet been investigated.MethodsDetection of HPV DNA was performed by nested polymerase chain reaction in 28 KA specimens. Molecular analysis was also performed to identify oncogenic mutations (HRAS, KRAS, NRAS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Fisher's exact tests.ResultsHPV DNA was detected in eight (28.6%) of the 28 samples, and RAS mutations were detected in eight (28.6%). Six samples had an HRAS mutation, and two showed the NRAS mutation. The presence of an RAS mutation was significantly correlated with a history of chronic sun damage (P = 0.005). However, no significant correlation was observed between HPV infection and RAS mutation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that mutational activation of the RAS gene is a common event in KA. However, RAS oncogene activation and HPV infection seem to represent two independent factors in the development of KA.
Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors in patients with non‐cutaneous malignant melanoma: a single‐center retrospective study of 71 cases
Authors: Zhu Hong , Dong Dandan , Li Fanghua , Liu Dandan , Wang Lei , Fu Jing , Song Linhong , Xu Gang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective study was carried out to define the clinical features and prognostic differences in non‐cutaneous malignant melanoma (non‐CMM) originating from different anatomic sites.MethodsClinical and follow‐up data for 71 patients with non‐CMM were collected and reviewed.ResultsOf the 71 non‐CMM patients, 59 were diagnosed with mucosal malignant melanoma (MMM) and 12 with ocular malignant melanoma (OMM). In the 59 MMM patients, the nasal cavity was the most common anatomic site (n = 31, 43.7% of all non‐CMM), followed by the oral cavity (n = 9, 12.7%), the genitourinary tract (n = 9, 12.7%), the anorectum (n = 8, 11.3%), and the gastrointestinal tract (n = 2, 2.8%). In the 12 patients with OMM, anatomic sites included the choroid (n = 8, 11.3% of all non‐CMM) and the conjunctiva (n = 4, 5.6%). The survival outcome of patients with OMM was much better than that of patients with MMM (P < 0.001). In MMM patients, anorectal melanoma was associated with a worse survival outcome. Age of ≥ 70 years (P < 0.001) and tumor size of > 2 cm (P = 0.02) were significantly poor prognostic factors in MMM. Age (relative risk [RR] 1.068, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.006–1.133; P = 0.03) and tumor size (RR 1.410, 95% CI 1.038–1.915; P = 0.028) were independent predictors for the postoperative survival of MMM patients. Patients with these two risk factors had a higher risk for recurrence or death (RR 3.107, 95% CI 1.627–5.595).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that prognoses differ in patients with different anatomic sites of primary non‐CMM. Advanced age and larger tumor size are the main factors affecting prognosis. Patients with poor risk factors should be treated differently to improve their survival outcome.
Internet aggression in online communities: a contemporary deterrence perspective
Authors: Xu Bo , Xu Zhengchuan , Li Dahui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInternet users' activities are critical to the development and success of Web 2.0 systems, such as online communities. Within the community's participation, knowledge sharing, and communications, users may conduct aggressive behaviors that would have a negative impact on that online community. This study investigates factors that affect Chinese users' aggression intention in online communities. Research findings show that online aggression can be inhibited by internal deterrents of face saving and moral beliefs, which may be enhanced through implementation of consequences from an effective community policy and peer pressure among community members. Differences in the effects of the deterrence measures exist between younger and older users. This paper contributes theoretically and empirically to Web 2.0 research and has practical implications for virtual community management.
Novel insights into maladaptive behaviours in Prader–Willi syndrome: serendipitous findings from an open trial of vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Manning K. E. , McAllister C. J. , Ring H. A. , Finer N. , Kelly C. L. , Sylvester K. P. , Fletcher P. C. , Morrell N. W. , Garnett M. R. , Manford M. R. A. , Holland A. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe report striking and unanticipated improvements in maladaptive behaviours in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) during a trial of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) initially designed to investigate effects on the overeating behaviour. PWS is a genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorder associated with mild–moderate intellectual disability (ID) and social and behavioural difficulties, alongside a characteristic and severe hyperphagia.MethodsThree individuals with PWS underwent surgery to implant the VNS device. VNS was switched on 3 months post‐implantation, with an initial 0.25 mA output current incrementally increased to a maximum of 1.5 mA as tolerated by each individual. Participants were followed up monthly.ResultsVagal nerve stimulation in these individuals with PWS, within the stimulation parameters used here, was safe and acceptable. However, changes in eating behaviour were equivocal. Intriguingly, unanticipated, although consistent, beneficial effects were reported by two participants and their carers in maladaptive behaviour, temperament and social functioning. These improvements and associated effects on food‐seeking behaviour, but not weight, indicate that VNS may have potential as a novel treatment for such behaviours.ConclusionsWe propose that these changes are mediated through afferent and efferent vagal projections and their effects on specific neural networks and functioning of the autonomic nervous system and provide new insights into the mechanisms that underpin what are serious and common problems affecting people with IDs more generally.
Unravelling nocebo effect: the mediating effect of anxiety between anticipation and pain at wound dressing change
Authors: Woo Kevin Y 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of anxiety in the relationship between anticipation and pain in people with chronic wounds.BackgroundPain is common in people with chronic wounds. Anticipation or negative expectation of discomfort has been shown to have an augmenting effect on pain; also known as nocebo hyperalgesia.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study with repeated measures.MethodsPrior to dressing change, anticipatory pain level was evaluated by a 11‐point numerical rating scale and anxiety by the Six‐items State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI‐6). During wound dressing changes, pain was measured before dressing removal, at dressing removal, at cleansing and dressing application using the numerical scale.ResultsAnalysis was completed based on the data from a convenience sample of 96 patients. Participants reported more pain at cleansing and dressing removal than baseline. High levels of anticipation, anxiety and pain at dressing change for wounds were related to heavy exudate and wound that were covered with necrotic tissue. Finally, the relationship between anticipation and pain perception was mediated by anxiety.ConclusionAnticipation of pain triggers anxiety that can lead to increased pain.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need to incorporate evaluation of anxiety and personal expectations as part of comprehensive pain assessment. Clinicians should be aware of the impact of emotions and anticipation on overall pain experience.
WHICH AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES MATTER MOST AND WHY?
Authors: de Groot Henri L.F. , Poot Jacques , Smit Martijn J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper revisits the ongoing discussion on the importance of agglomeration externalities – specifically specialization, diversity and competition effects – that may contribute to innovation, productivity and urban employment growth. Previous meta‐analyses suggested that the evidence on agglomeration externalities is strongly context‐specific. Expanding an earlier analysis of 31 articles, we seek to draw in this paper more robust conclusions by means of the statistical evidence for agglomeration externalities presented in 73 scientific articles, all building on the seminal work of Glaeser et al. (1992). Our results confirm that the heterogeneity among studies is huge and can only be partially accounted for by means of an ordered probit analysis. Additionally, some evidence of publication bias is found. We conclude that the conventional lines of inquiry in this literature may now have reached strongly diminishing returns. New lines of inquiry, using rich micro‐level data on firms and workers, dynamic general equilibrium models at the macro level, more attention for spatial and temporal variation in the impacts of agglomeration, and further investigations into the spatial scope of externalities are promising avenues for further research that can enhance our understanding of how agglomeration externalities continue to fuel our increasingly urbanized world.
Renal and obstetric outcomes in pregnancy after kidney transplantation: Twelve‐year experience in a Singapore transplant center
Authors: Kwek Jia Liang , Tey Vanessa , Yang Liying , Kanagalingam Devendra , Kee Terence 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimRenal and obstetric outcomes in pregnancy after kidney transplantation in Singapore were last studied in 2002. A review of these outcomes in Singapore is now timely following advances in transplant and obstetric medicine. The aim was to evaluate the renal and obstetric outcomes in pregnancy after kidney transplantation in a Singapore tertiary center.MethodsKidney transplant recipients who underwent pregnancy after transplantation at Singapore General Hospital between January 2001 and December 2012 were identified. Data on demographics, comorbidities and clinical outcomes were collected.ResultsThere were 10 pregnancies identified in nine recipients. The median age of recipient at childbearing was 34.6 years (IQR, 32.8–36.8) and the median interval from transplantation to conception was 69 months (IQR, 38–97). There was no difference between the median pre‐pregnancy estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (47.9 mL/min/1.73 m2; IQR, 38.4–56.8) and median eGFR at time of last post‐partum follow up (43.9 mL/min/1.73 m2; IQR, 34.5–48.7, P = 0.549). Borderline allograft rejection occurred in one recipient (10.0%) 36 days after birth due to non‐adherence to immunosuppressive medication, with subsequent allograft loss 37 months after birth. No mortalities were recorded during the study period. All the 10 pregnancies (100%) ended in singleton live births. Pre‐eclampsia occurred in five pregnancies (50.0%), and there were seven (70.0%) preterm deliveries. The median gestational age was 35.4 weeks (IQR, 32.6–38.2) and the median birthweight was 2353 g (IQR, 1811–2648).ConclusionPost‐transplantation pregnancies ended successfully with no significant worsening of allograft function, but they were associated with risks to both recipients and newborns.
Transfusion‐dependent thalassaemic patients with renalFanconi syndrome due to deferasirox use
Authors: Chuang Gwo‐Tsann , Tsai I‐Jung , Tsau Yong‐Kwei , Lu Meng‐Yao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimDeferasirox is a new oral iron chelating agent with several cases reporting renal adverse events in recent years. Our aim was to identify the incidence of deferasirox‐relatedFanconi syndrome (FS) and its risk factors.MethodsAll transfusion‐dependent thalassaemic patients who received deferasirox at the outpatient department of the NationalTaiwan University Hospital (NTUH) fromJanuary 2006 toFebruary 2014 were evaluated.ResultsThis cohort study included 57 patients, and mean age of deferasirox initiation was 18.2 ± 7.7 years. After 6.9 ± 1.8 years of follow‐up, 5 in 57 (8.8%) thalassaemic patients hadFS. Age of starting deferasirox negatively correlated with incidence ofFS(correlation coefficient −0.892,P = 0.008). Other factors were not significantly associated withFS. Serum creatinine level at the start of deferasirox compared to at the end of study or onset ofFSdid not show significant change (P = 0.277). All the deferasirox‐relatedFSmanifested with proximal renal tubular acidosis and hypophosphataemia, which needed specific treatment or withdrawal of deferasirox use.ConclusionsWe recommend that children, especially of young age, who regularly use deferasirox should undergo routine urinalysis and blood testing for early detection ofFS.
Curative effect of sesame oil in a rat model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Chuan‐Teng , Chien Se‐Ping , Hsu Dur‐Zong , Periasamy Srinivasan , Liu Ming‐Yie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimChronic kidney disease causes a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function. We investigated the curative effect of sesame oil, a natural, nutrient‐rich, potent antioxidant, in a rat model of chronic kidney disease.MethodsChronic kidney disease was induced by subcutaneously injecting uni‐nephrectomized rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and 1% NaCl [DOCA/salt] in drinking water. Four weeks later, the rats were gavaged with sesame oil (0.5 or 1 mL/kg per day) for 7 days. Renal injury, histopathological changes, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, lipid peroxidation, Nrf2, osteopontin expression, and collagen were assessed 24 h after the last dose of sesame oil.ResultsBlood urea nitrogen, creatinine, urine volume, and albuminuria were significantly higher in the DOCA/salt treated rats than in control rats. Sesame oil significantly decreased these four tested parameters in DOCA/salt treated rats. In addition, creatinine clearance rate and nuclear Nrf2 expression were significantly decreased in the DOCA/salt treated rats compared to control rats. Sesame oil significantly decreased hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite level, lipid peroxidation, osteopontin, and renal collagen deposition, but increased creatinine clearance rate and nuclear Nrf2 expression in DOCA/salt treated rats.ConclusionWe conclude that supplementation of sesame oil mitigates DOCA/salt induced chronic kidney disease in rats by activating Nrf2 and attenuating osteopontin expression and inhibiting renal fibrosis in rats.