bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational Choices of Romanian Rural Youth
Authors: Kerekes Kinga , Pakucs Bernadett 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper tries to identify the main factors influencing the decisions related to occupational choices of rural youth from Cluj County, Romania, thus contributing to a better understanding of the problems and opportunities of Romanian rural communities. In order to achieve this, the results of two surveys are compared: the first one was carried out in 2007 and the second in 2011. The two surveys adopted the same methodology, thus allowing us to test the stability of the outcomes over a period of four years and highlight the main changes occurring in that period. In 2011 information was collected also regarding the current situation of young people belonging to the first generation, thus the cross-sectional analysis has been completed with a longitudinal analysis. Results show that the educational choices of rural youth from Cluj County were not essentially modified in the period 2007-2011, but there is a growing uncertainty regarding their future profession. Most of them want to work in the services sector, the preference for agriculture remaining low and there is a clear and persistent gender division among chosen professions. The main factors identified as having an influence on continuing education are: gender (more girls opting for continuing education than boys), school results and parents’ attitude towards education. Based on the conclusions of the analysis, some policy implications are also discussed.
Intergenerational Assistance on Family Farms in Slovenia: Expectations and Practices
Authors: Istenič Majda Černič , Hočevar Duška Knežević 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The ageing in farm population in Slovenia is accompanied by a diminishing interest of the younger generation in farming. Hence, measures for early retirement of farmers and assistance to young farmers were introduced in 2004 and 2005. Some results of two ensuing studies are presented here: the survey Generations and Gender Relations on Slovenian Farms (2007) and ethnographic study on intergenerational solidarity (2009). The survey findings reveal that through intergenerational assistance farm population, especially the beneficiaries of both measures, shows specific characteristics compared to other observed groups (nonfarmers): stronger reliance on their own family resources and weaker dependence on state resources. The survey findings are further upgraded by the ethnographic results, explaining more in-depth from a life-course perspective the complex dynamics and background of intergenerational assistance on family farms.
Effects of cadmium chloride on mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells
Authors: Park Eun-Kee , Mak Sally K. , Hammock Bruce D. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Cadmium is a known renal toxin. The cytotoxic effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was evaluated on renal inner medullary collecting duct cells (mIMCD3). The 24 hr LC50 value for CdCl2 in mIMCD3 cells was 40 μM. The present study showed that mIMCD3 cells were sensitive to CdCl2 exposure
Comparison of Site Velocities Derived from Collocated GPS, VLBI and SLR Techniques at The Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (Comparison of Site Velocities)
Authors: Munghemezulu C. , Combrinck L. , Mayer D. , Botai O.J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Space geodetic techniques provide highly accurate methods for estimating bedrock stability at subcentimetre level. We utilize data derived from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) techniques, collocated at the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, to characterise local plate motion and compare the solutions from the three techniques. Data from the GNSS station were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK (version 10.4) software, data from the SLR station (MOBLAS-6)were processed using the Satellite Laser Ranging Data Analysis Software (SDAS) and the VLBI data sets were processed using the Vienna VLBI Software (VieVS) software. Results show that there is a good agreement between horizontal and vertical velocity components with a maximum deviation of 1.7 mm/yr, 0.7 mm/yr and 1.3 mm/yr between the North, East and Up velocity components respectively for the different techniques. At HartRAO there is no significant trend in the vertical component and all the techniques used are consistent with the a-priori velocities when compared with each other. This information is crucial in monitoring the local motion variations since geodetic instruments require a very stable base to minimise measurement errors. These findings demonstrate that station coordinate time-series derived with different techniques and analysis strategies provide comparable results.
Effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors on the growth of the excised fourth internode in tulips
Authors: Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak Elżbieta , Góraj Justyna , Miyamoto Kensuke , Ueda Junichi , Saniewski Marian 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT Effects of auxin polar transport inhibitors: methyl 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (morphactin IT 3456), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) on elongation growth of the excised fourth internode of tulips (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cv. Apeldoorn were studied. After removal of flower bud, the continuing elongation of the excised fourth internode kept in water in normal or inverted position was observed, the elongation in inverted position being significantly higher than that in the normal position. On the other hand, the application of these inhibitors (0.2%, w/w in lanolin) in the place of removed flower bud substantially enhanced the elongation, the stimulation being much higher in the normal position than in the inverted one. When the inhibitors were applied in the middle or 1 cm from the base of the internode, the growth-promoting effect of these inhibitors was observed both in the upper and lower part of the internode, being greater in the upper part of the internode, regardless of the position of explants. Simultaneous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1%, w/w in lanolin) at the place of the removed flower bud in the normal position with morphactin, TIBA and NPA applied in the middle or 1 cm from the base of the excised internode greatly stimulated the elongation, whereas almost no growthpromoting effect of these inhibitors was observed, in comparison to IAA. On the contrary, when IAA was applied on the base of the excised internode in the inverted position, the growth was inhibited, compared to that with lanolin only. The inhibitory effect of auxin was eliminated by the simultaneous application of morphactin, TIBA and NPA placed in the middle of the excised internode. These results suggest that auxin levels in the excised internode regulated by auxin polar transport play a crucial role in the regulation of its elongation growth.
Efficacy of spirotetramat in the control of the currant-sowthistle (Hyperomyzus lactucae l.) on blackcurrant plantations in Poland
Authors: Łabanowska Barbara H. , Korzeniowski Mirosław , Gasparski Tomasz 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT Spirotetramat applied as Movento 100 SC at dose rates: 0.7 and 1.0 L·ha-1 in a single treatment just after blossom resulted in a very high reduction of currant-sowthistle aphid - Hyperomyzus lactucae L. (Aphidoidea, Aphididae) on blackcurrants ‘Ojebyn’ and ‘Titania’. The results obtained with this pesticide applied at both tested dose rates: 0.7 and 1.0 L·ha-1 were comparable. The efficacy of spirotetramat at 7th day after treatment was similar or slightly poorer compared to standard insecticides, but at 21st day after treatment a higher reduction of aphids than with reference insecticides such as pirimicarb (Pirimor 500 WG at the rate 0.75 kg·ha-1), thiacloprid (Calypso 480 SC 0.15 L·ha-1) and thiamethoxam (Actara 25 WG at the rate 0.1 kg·ha-1) was recorded. With regard to environment safety and biodiversity it must be underlined that on plants treated with Movento 100 SC, high populations of Coccinellidae (both larvae and beetles), Syrphidae (larvae) and Phytoseiidae were noted.
Development of male sterile broccoli lines with raphanus sativus cytoplasm and assessment of their value for breeding purposes
Authors: Kamiński Piotr 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to obtain new broccoli lines with cytoplasmic male sterility trait for the development of the modern F1 hybrids. CDT70 cauliflower line obtained in the Research Institute of Horticulture, formerly Research Institute of Vegetable Crops, Skierniewice, Poland, with the reliable cytoplasmic male sterility from Raphanus sativus (Ogu-INRA) was selected as a source of this trait. Three broccoli lines: BMi, BCr1 and BCr2 were used as donors of commercial characters in all cross combinations with sterile components. Selected fertile broccoli genotypes were characterized by good quality, uniformity and high level of self-compatibility. The breeding procedure included three consecutive back crosses of male sterile genotypes with fertile broccoli lines that lasted from 2008 to 2012. In each generation, self-compatibility level, the stability of the male sterility trait and ability for the generative propagation of back-crossed genotypes were tested in comparison with donor broccoli lines in the greenhouse. The agronomical and morphological characters of the back-crossed progeny were also evaluated in the field. As a result, three CMS broccoli lines of Bc3 generation with good quality and high seeding index, suitable for the breeding purposes, were obtained.
Low temperature seed germination of cucumber: genetic basis of the tolerance trait
Authors: Kłosińska Urszula , Kozik Elżbieta U. , Nowicki Marcin , Wehner Todd C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germinates in an optimal temperature ranging from 24 to 28 °C. In order to develop cultivars with low temperature germination ability, knowledge regarding its genetic basis is needed. In our earlier study, we identified the accession PI 390953 as chilling tolerant and a good cold germinator. The objective of our present study was to compare cold germinability of cold tolerant breeding line B 5669 with PI 390953, and to measure the inheritance of this trait. At 13 °C, both tested cultigens (B 5669, PI 390953) showed the highest germinability and we found no significant differences between them regarding the rate of germination, days to germination (DTG), or germination index (GI). We also observed differences in the germination ability at 13 °C among seven hybrid populations of cucumber, derived from the cross between good cold germinator B 5669 (P1) and B 6115 (P2) lacking cold-germination ability. The fastest low temperature germination and the highest low temperature germination percentages were observed in B 5669 (P1) with germination of 78 and 100% on the 6th and 10th day of the test, respectively. In addition, the cultigen B 5669 exhibited the fastest germination, reaching on average of DTG = 5.7. B 6115 (P2) and BC1P2 proved unable to germinate at 13 °C even within 21 days. The seed germinability of F2 population fits a three-recessive gene model. Cucumber cultigens B 5669, PI 390953, and PI 246903 showed low temperature tolerance, but of them B 5669 may become the most desirable to breeders since it exhibits cold germinability combined with good fruit quality traits.
Halogens, alcohols and potassium permanganate extend the storability of hot pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum l.) under accelerated ageing conditions
Authors: Mathew Deepu , Doijode S.D. , Reddy K. Madhavi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT The feasibility of extending the storability of fresh hot pepper seeds, by modifying the storage atmosphere, using the respiration inhibitors and seed desiccants was examined. Halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine and methanol, ethanol and potassium permanganate were used for a period of 22 months under accelerated ageing conditions of high seed moisture and temperature. The various seed quality parameters - viability, vigour, speed of germination, seedling dry weight, and moisture content were evaluated. In the untreated control, decreased seed viability was observed within 10 months of storage. However, iodine and chlorine were proved effective in retaining high seed viability up to 90.7 and 88.0%, respectively, even after 22 months of storage. Chlorine treatment was able to retain the seed vigour (904.0), iodine (766.4), KMnO4 (754.4) and methanol (566.7) whereas the value of vigour index in control was 72.0. Chlorine and iodine were on par in their ability to maintain the speed of seed germination (25.2 and 24.8, respectively), followed by KMnO4 (20.2). Seedling dry weight was proved as a parameter not sensitive in estimating the seed quality since even after 22 months storage of seeds at atmospheres of chlorine, iodine, KMnO4 and methanol did not show any differences. KMnO4 sharply reduced the seed moisture content from 9.83 to 7.89% providing better storability over the control.
Clinical and radiologic features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma including initial presentation, local recurrence, and metastases
Authors: Kapoor Neena , Shinagare Atul B. , Jagannathan Jyothi P. , Shah Shaan H. , Krajewski Katherine M. , Hornick Jason L. , Ramaiya Nikhil H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and imaging features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) including initial presentation, recurrence, and metastases.
Patients and methods. In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, imaging features of 13 patients with pathologically proven EMC seen from August 1995 to December 2011 were analyzed. The group included 3 women and 10 men and the mean age was 54 years (range 29-73 years). Imaging studies were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus. Location, size, and imaging features of primary tumors were recorded as well as the presence of recurrent disease and location of metastases.
Results. Among 13 patients, 3 died during the timeframe of this study. Nine patients had primary tumor in the lower extremity, and average tumor size was 9.3 cm (range 3.3-18 cm). On MRI, primary tumors were hyperintense on T2, isointense to muscle on T1, and demonstrated peripheral/septal enhancement. Three patients had local recurrence and 12 had metastatic disease, with lung involvement being the most common. Tumor density on contrast enhanced CT ranged from 8.2 to 82.9 Hounsfield unit (HU). FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed in 3 patients. One patient had no FDG avid disease and 2 patients had metastatic disease with standard uptake values (SUV) of 2.8 and 7.4. The patient with intense FDG uptake demonstrated more solid appearing tumor burden and had the shortest survival.
Conclusions. EMC is a rare tumor that often occurs in the lower extremities and frequently metastasizes to the lungs. Increased tumor density and increased FDG uptake may be related to more aggressive disease
Influence of time on the bearing capacity of precast piles
Authors: Gwizdała Kazimierz , Więcławski Paweł 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
One of the most popular types of foundations in layered subsoil with very differentiated soil shear strengths are precast piles. One of the reasons is the fact that we can well control the driving process during the installation of these piles. The principles of the assessment of bearing capacity and settlements of the piles given by Eurocode 7, concentrate on two main methods, i.e., Static Pile Load Tests (SPLT) and Dynamic Driving Analysis (PDA). However, the evaluation of real load-settlement curve for piles being driven in layered subsoil, where noncohesive and cohesive soils occur alternately, is neither easy nor straightforward. In the paper, the results of both SPLT and PDA tests for objects on the highways in Poland are presented. Field investigations carried out at various time points since the installation of piles (from 7 to 90 days) revealed an increase of bearing capacity with time. The reason for this may be a change of the soil state near the piles due to their driving (displacement of piles) as well as a change of microstructure at the contact between soil and pile shaft. The results of load tests were referred to the geotechnical parameters of the subsoil, which was recognized by means of traditional borings and CPTU tests. The results of tests allow phenomena occurring with time to be assessed and bearing capacity of precast piles to be predicted.
Surface temperature control using thermal image processing
Authors: Jaworski Tomasz , Kucharski Jacek , Frączyk Andrzej , Urbanek Piotr 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In the paper the computerized system for the surface temperature control of the rotating cylinder has been presented. In the presented solution, an IR camera works as a source of information about the thermal state of cylinder surface for the rest of the system. The necessary image processing algorithm as a basis for a control algorithm has been developed. An algorithm for the automatic localization of the cold cylinder by an IR camera using a set of thermal markers and a fuzzy recognition algorithm was developed. It enables one to calibrate the system properly in various operating conditions.
Data fusion in web-based visualization of 3D scene semantic model
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In the paper, the subsystem for graphical visualization of semantic messages has been proposed and configuration dataflow has been described. The key problem in 3D object rendering over video camera image is fusion of parameters collected during camera calibration and pose estimation with models of visualized objects. Pose estimation results and transformation matrix setup were described. Proposed system has been developed in HTML5 internet web page format that uses portable JavaScript language and WebGL library that make use of GPU device. Presented prototype can be used by a web browser on desktop PC as well as on mobile device. No third-party software is necessary.
Application of multidimensional data analysis to chromatography
Authors: Satława Tadeusz , Grabska-Chrząstowska Joanna , Korohoda Przemysław 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This work presents analysis of chromatographic signal used to identify substances in samples. First part consists of chromatography overview and description of three classification methods (neural network with backpropagation, probabilistic neural network with Parzen window and support vector machines). Designed algorithm consists of several stages: signal filtering, peak detection and its approximation with sum of two Gaussian functions. The parameters of that two curves are the features vectors describing the peak of the substance. The last step is classification, for which two types of supervised machine learning were compared, based on the whole signal and on features vectors. Both types were tested for different classificators and their parameters. Verification was based on 55 chromatography signals. The best results for both methods of learning were achieved for probabilistic neural networks. The correct classification rate was 82% for the whole signal and 93% for feature vectors.
Analysis of application of distributed multi-node, multi-GPU heterogeneous system for acceleration of image reconstruction in Electrical Capacitance Tomography
Authors: Majchrowicz Michał , Kapusta Paweł , Jackowska-Strumiłło Lidia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
3D ECT provides a lot of challenging computational issues that have been reported in the past by many researchers. Image reconstruction using deterministic methods requires execution of many basic operations of linear algebra, such as matrix transposition, multiplication, addition and subtraction. In order to reach real-time reconstruction a 3D ECT computational subsystem has to be able to transform capacitance data into image in fractions of seconds. By assuming, that many of the computations can be performed in parallel using modern, fast graphics processor and by altering the algorithms time to achieve high quality image reconstruction will be shortened significantly. The research conducted while analysing ECT algorithms has also shown that, although dynamic development of GPU computational capabilities and its recent application for image reconstruction in ECT has significantly improved calculations time, in modern systems a single GPU is not enough to perform many tasks. Distributed Multi-GPU solutions can reduce reconstruction time to only a fraction of what was possible on pure CPU systems. Nevertheless performed tests clearly illustrate the need for developing a new distributed platform, which would be able to fully utilize the potential of the hardware. It has to take into account specific nature of computations in Multi-GPU systems.
Daily activity pattern of the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) at two localities situated in urban and rural areas
Authors: Kaim Iwona , Hędrzak Magdalena , Ziewacz Łukasz 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to characterize the daily activity pattern of the common hamster at two sites with different levels of human impact on environment. Locality no 1, Zesławice, is located within the administrative borders of Krakow agglomeration and is intensively penetrated by people. The farmers spend long periods of time in the fields and do much work manually. Locality no 2, Szczotkowice, is located between the villages of Szczotkowice and Pierocice, in the Działoszyce municipality. Extensive agriculture is carried out in this locality. The farmers use agricultural machines, but for most of the daytime, they are not present in the fields even during the busy harvest season. The daily activity of animals was studied using the method of food tables. The results indicate that hamsters from areas with high level of human pressures started their daily activity two hours later than those from rural areas. They exhibited higher synchronization and more uniform daily activity patterns than was recorded at the typically agricultural site. The morning and evening activity peak was significantly more distinct for urban hamsters than for rural hamsters.