bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioecological Problems in the Forests of Russia
Authors: Раздайводин А.Н. , Марадудин И.И. , Радин А.И. , Ромашкин Д.Ю. 
Published: July 2024

Обобщены итоги исследований отдела радиационной экологии и экотоксикологии леса с момента его создания, обозначены проблемы, приведены достижения и направления дальнейшего развития лесной радиационной экологии в научном и практическом направлениях.
The article summarizes the research results of the Department of Forest Radiation Ecology and Ecotoxicology of VNIILM since its inception. A brief description of the occurrence of the radioactive contamination problem of Russian forests is given. Lists the main radiation accidents. It is noted that most of the radiation accidents and incidents are rural in nature and lead to pollution of natural landscapes, including forests. Radiationrelated information is required for rehabilitation activities in polluted forests.The source of such information is radiation monitoring of forests (RMF). At present, in the late stage of radiation accidents, RMF faces new challenges in monitoring the results of chronic exposure of forest ecosystems. The article describes the problem of forest fires in areas of radioactive contamination.It is shown that all forest fires in areas with a density of radioactive soil contamination with cesium137 37kBq/m2 (1 Ci/km2) or more can be classified as radioactive forest fires. Reforestation and afforestation in radioactively contaminated areas is considered an important part of countermeasures. They allow you to manage the natural processes of restoration of forest vegetation, directing them to solving the problems of rehabilitation of contaminated areas. The article discusses a number of problems associated with chronic irradiation of forest ecosystems. Their insufficient knowledge is noted. The possibility of multidirectional effects of ionizing radiation on components of forest biota and significant modification of their biological stability is indicated.The results of studies of the reactions of various types of forest flora and fauna to existence under the conditions of exposure to chronic and acute irradiations confirm this conclusion.The obtained results allow us to identify a new direction of forest radioecology, which studies the effect of radioactive contamination and ionizing radiation on the sanitary condition of forest ecosystems and the development of pathogenic foci radiation forest pathology. The article emphasizes the need for indepth comprehensive research involving specialists from various fields of knowledge.
Distribution of Intermediate Populations of the European and Siberian Spruces in the Russian Part of the Area
Authors: Попов П.П. 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматривается фенотипическая структура популяций елей европейской исибирской ввосточно-европейской части их ареала. По преобладанию особей промежуточных фенотипов определено географическое положение популяций промежуточной формы елей европейской исибирской на территории России, которые могут быть перспективными для лесоводства.
The work is devoted to the study of the structure and distribution of intermediate populations of European and Siberian spruce in eastern Europe. Since asufficiently objective reception of the definition of the region of intermediate populations of spruce has not yet occurred, the metric methods for evaluating the shape of seed scales were used to solve this problem, on the basis of which the corresponding phenotypes of individuals were selected. According to the predominance of individuals of intermediate phenotypes, intermediate populations and their geographic location were identified. In the Russian part of the range, on awide strip of territory from Karelia to the central bed of the Kama (in the Perm Territory), there are three groups of populations of the intermediate form of European and Siberian spruces. They are characterized by the predominance of individuals of intermediate phenotypes (50 or more), intermediate parameters of many characters, but an increased indicator of the diversity of phenotypes and some genetic characters. The first of the groups of the intermediate form is geographically and in terms of the phenotypic structure of the populations closer to the European spruce, the third to the Siberian spruce, the second occupies the middle position. The results of the study may be useful for solving the issues of population-geographical diversity of spruce and its use in forestry.
Quantitative Assessment of Factors that Determine the Dynamics of Forest Revenue in Russia
Authors:  Воронков П.Т. ,  Дегтев В.В. ,  Голотовская А.В. 
Published: July 2024

Приведена новая методика анализа динамики лесного дохода, поступающего в государственный бюджет от платежей за использование лесов. В качестве показателей, характеризующих изменение доходности лесов, предложено использовать индексы факторов, определяющих размер лесного дохода. На примере данных ведомственной отчетности проведен анализ динамики лесного дохода в Российской Федерации за 2013–2019 гг. по основным видам использования лесов. Дана количественная оценка факторов, определяющих темпы динамики лесного дохода в рассматриваемом периоде. Приведены рекомендации по использованию новой методики анализа в практике управления лесным хозяйством.
The article identified the directions and made an assessment of the dynamics of the forest income that goes to the state budget as payment for the used forest resources. The factors affecting the dynamics of forest income are identified. A new method has been developed for analyzing the dynamics of state budget forest income from payments for the use of forests based on an index methodology. Proposed a system of new indicators that reflect the influence of factors on the dynamics of state budget revenues from payments for the use of forests. The analysis of forest income from the use of forests by the main types of forest use. A quantitative assessment of factors affecting the dynamics of forest income in the period under review has been carried out. The applied method of index analysis allows revealing the deep trends in the formation of income from the use of forests and deserves wide application.
Automated Identification of Low-Density Stands of a Mixed Forest Area with Use of Мedium Resolution Satellite Data on the Example of Uchebno-Opytnyj Leschoz BSUET
Authors: Вечеров В.В. , Дзубан В.И. , Перепечина Ю.И. , Шошин В.И. 
Published: July 2024

Относительная полнота – один из важнейших таксационных показателей, позволяющий определять запас насаждения и характеризовать его состояние. В работе проанализирована возможность автоматизированного выявления низкополнотных насаждений, пройденных выборочными санитарными рубками, по показателю сомкнутости лесного полога (FCD) на основании данных среднего пространственного разрешения Sentinel-2. В результате корреляционно-регрессионного анализа связи наземных данных и данных, полученных из карт сомкнутости лесного полога, выявлена сильная экспоненциальная зависимость (r = 0,787, R2 = 0,829 при p-value < 0,001) между показателем FCD и относительной полнотой древостоя. На основании установленной зависимости созданы карты относительной полноты для лесных участков, пройденных выборочными санитарными рубками.
Relativelystand density is one of the most important taxation indicators, which allows determining the stock of stands and characterizing its condition. The relativelystand density of aforest as a characteristic of the actual productivity of a particular plantation. Terrestrial and statistical methods in their practical application require laborious calculations and significant costs. That is why at present, modern and affordable methods of remote sensing have acquired special significance for monitoring the state of the lands of the forest fund. The paper analyzes the possibility of automated detection of low-density stands, passed through selective sanitary felling, according to the index of forest canopy closure (FCD) based on the average spatial resolution of Sentinel-2. The FCD indicator is a convenient indicator to use for assessing the closeness of woody vegetation and the state of forests when using satellite imagery data. The advantage of this method lies in the possibility of modeling the density of crowns (closeness) without ground training data. After a regression analysis of ground data and data obtained from forest canopy closure maps, a strong exponential dependence (r = 0.787, R2 = 0.829 with p-value < 0.001) between the FCD and the relative fullness of the stand was revealed. Because of the established dependence, maps of relative completeness were created for forest plots covered by selective sanitary felling.
The Assessment of Stocks of the Frutescent Cherry According to the State Forest Inventory
Authors: Косицын В.Н. , Курлович Л.Е. 
Published: July 2024

Проведена ресурсная оценка ягод вишни в лесах Курганской обл. с использованием полевых и камеральных материалов государственной инвентаризации лесов. Выполнен сравнительный анализ полученных результатов с данными о ресурсах вишни, приведенных в лесохозяйственных регламентах лесничеств области. Сделан вывод, что в ряде лесничеств, расположенных в южной части Курганской обл., представляется целесообразным организовать заготовку ягод вишни в промышленном масштабе.
The article presents a brief description of the morphological and ecological features of the frutescent cherry (Cerasus fruticosa Pall.) and the distribution area of this species. The results of resource assessment of the cherry berries in the forests of Kurgan Region are shown in the article. The information is collected using the materials of the state forest inventory. It has been established that the forests of the Kurgan Region are characterized by a high density of underbrush plants. The average number of cherry plants in it is 1932 plants per ha, or 24% of all the underbrush plants, represented by 15 species. Only the dog rose has higher plants density, up to 2764 plants per ha, or 42% of all plants. It is the highest density for the subjects of RF. For example, 74 plants per ha in Ulyanovsk Region, 106 – in Samara Region, 146 – in Rostov Region, 176 – in Republic of Tatarstan and 1462 in Chelyabinsk Region. Based on the calculations made, the possible harvesting value in the whole Kurgan Region is 5,0 thousand tones. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the results obtained with the data on the resources of cherries from the regulations of the forestry of the region, it was noticed, that they show the annual allowable volumes of harvesting of cherry berries which are significantly (by an order of magnitude) lower compared with data obtained from the state forest inventory. Finally, the conclusion is made, that it seems expedient to organize the harvesting of cherry berries on an industrial scale in some forestry in the South of Kurgan Region.
Processes of Forest Formation in the Narrow Forest Plants of an Environmental Value and Their Influence on the Duration of the Life Cycle of Protective Forest Plantations
Authors: Рыбалкина Н.В. , Тунякин В.Д. , Сыромятников В.Ю. , Рыбалкин Б.А. 
Published: July 2024

Изложены результаты исследований лесообразовательного процесса в водоохранных насаждениях (29–110-летнего возраста) сложного состава за 80-летний период. Проанализировано взаимовлияние древесных пород, показано снижение жизнеспособности ясеня и развитие элементов леса. Рассмотрена жизнеспособность дуба, липы и клена остролистного. Изучено естественное формирование благонадежного подлеска из бересклета европейского. Отмечена его роль в повышении водоохранной способности насаждения. Методология исследований типична для стационарных опытов по агролесомелиорации.
In the scientific article “Forest formation processes in narrow forest stands of water conservation significance and the influence of species composition on the life cycle of protective forest stands”, is consider the formation of the species composition of water conservation stands from the young forest stage (20 years) to the ripening age. The initial composition of the planting included ordinary ash, oak oak, linden and a single birch. The article is an analysis of long-term data collected from stock materials and their own research in the system of forest strips of the Stone Steppe (southeast of the Central Black Earth Strip (CCHP)). The essence of the problem lies in the fact that the authors have their own opinion about the decay of artificially created planting: there is no decay of the planting, but a long process of forest formation, as a result of which a new composition of the planting is formed, intermediate species appear that contribute to the establishment of a new main species, not necessarily oak. The conclusion says that according to studies of recent years, viable ash will disappear from the first tier within 1–2 years, and it will be replaced by undergrowth of ash, maple and elm. The first tier for an indefinite period will consist of petiolate oak. To clarify this period, the employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Stone-Steppe Experimental Forestry” laid the stationary experience.
Forest Types of the Surskaya Shishka Upland
Authors: Кудрявцев А.Ю. 
Published: July 2024

На основании материалов таксации леса и почвенного картирования проведена типологическая оценка лесных экосистем участка «Верховья Суры» заповедника «Приволжская лесостепь», расположенного на возвышенности Сурская Шишка. На территории участка описаны 7 типов леса. В пределах различных типов проанализированы: видовой состав древостоев, производительность древесных пород, состав подроста, подлеска и напочвенного покрова в насаждениях естественного происхождения. Проведена предварительная оценка хозяйственного воздействия на лесные экосистемы участка.
The article is devoted to the study of the ecological variety of the forest communities in the central part of the Volga Upland. This area hosts one of the most diverse forest ecosystems that protect a significant portions of the region’s biodiversity. Characteristics of the woods communities are given. Composition of the timber stand, undergrowth and ground cover analyzed. The preliminary classification units compiled using the methods of table sorting on the basic of vegetation and soil characteristic. For estimation state of the forestry vegetation following materials are used: plans of the forestry’s S 1:25000, colored by forest forming breeds and taxation descriptions. Analyze species composition of timber stands carry out by means of electronic tables EXCEL. The same edaphic group included sites with similar granulometric composition and other properties of soil-forming rock, thickness of organic horizons of ground and its features reflecting the degree of drainage (moisture). In order to estimate the relationship between vegetation and soil parameters the cartographic method are used. Simultaneously the groups of species that had the similar distribution along ecological gradient were established. The forest vegetation of investigated region is mostly influence by anthropogenous factors. The history of the forests formation has specific peculiarities caused by both nature conditions and history transformation of the territories. However, the basic features of the virgin woods here are preserved. Such are the pinewoods with moss cover growing in the hilly stretches and in the plains, as well as the pinewoods, growing on slopes. Current development rates in the region raise questions about future conservation value of these forest ecosystems. DOI Название объекта Название объекта в переводе ФИО автора / список авторов Место работы автора ORCID Ключевые слова Аннотация Язык ресурса Английский Pdf полного текста: ПросмотрУдалить URL
Features of Winter Transplanting Technology for Successful Survival and Adaptation of Large-Sized Softwood Seedlings in Urban Landscapes
Authors: Жуков Ф.Ф. 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрены причины гибели крупномерных саженцев сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) после зимней посадки. Оценен комплекс факторов, влияющих на гибель саженцев. Предложены приемы, которые снижают гибель высаженных в зимний период саженцев хвойных пород с комом земли и повышают их адаптационную способность.
The article analyzes the factors affecting the death of seedlings of Common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with a formed root system, after a winter transplant. The survival rate of large seedlings was evaluated under conditions of urban landscapes, with winter transplant technology. It has been proved that protection of the root coma from the effects of negative temperatures (from -5 °C and below) in the technology for planting and storing large-sized coniferous planting material can reduce plant death by up to 10 %. Based on experimental data, the optimal ratio of coma parameters and the height of young plants for the transplantation of large-sized seedlings of Scotspine in the winter is proposed.
Condition of Oak in Оrnamental Рlantings in Tashkent
Authors: Дубенок Н.Н. , Гниненко Ю.И. , Ларина Г.Е. , Ефимов О.Е. , Серая Л.Г. 
Published: July 2024

Дуб черешчатый является интродуцентом в среднеазиатском регионе. В последние годы там зафиксирован ряд случаев поражения дуба опасными фитофагами. Однако обследование состояния дуба черешчатого в озеленительных посадках Ташкента позволило установить, что ухудшение состояния деревьев в основном связано с изменением почвенных условий в результате хозяйственного воздействия.
A survey of the health of oak trees in urban plantations in the city of Tashkent was carried out, and it was found that damage to trees by some pathological factors is associated with changes in the state of the soil as a result of economic activities. English oak is an introduced species in the Central Asian region, and in recent years it has been exposed to dangerous phytophages in several places in the region. Urban management activities should not lead to worsening conditions for the growth of oak, as this weakens the trees and makes them more vulnerable to pests and diseases. It is shown that the violation of soil and hydrological conditions, as a result of ill-conceived building, oppresses the oak and is the cause of the weakening of trees.
State Forest Management in Poland
Authors: Жидкова Е.В. , Воронков П.Т. , Корякин В.А. 
Published: July 2024

Рассматривается государственное управление лесами в Польше. Проанализирована динамика состояния лесных ресурсов страны, объёмов их заготовки и цен на древесную продукцию. Особое внимание уделено структуре и функциям органов управления государственными лесами Польши и их сотрудничеству с частными владельцами лесов. Результаты управления лесами определяются состоянием лесных ресурсов, динамикой их изменения, объёмами заготовки древесины с учётом цен на неё и специализацией Польши на выпуске конечной продукции из древесины.
The purpose of this article is to study the experience, results and the very model of managing Polish forests. Since the Polish and Russian forests are in similar conditions and have a similar level of forestry development, the successful experience of one country can be adopted by another country. The most significant condition bringing our countries together is the predominance of state ownership of forests. The article discusses the Polish model of forest management, including the structure of state forest management bodies and their functions. The article also traces the understanding by the Polish leadership of the mission and the role of forests in the development of society. Improving the management of the forest sector should cover all stages from forest cultivation, harvesting and processing to obtaining finished products of deep processing. Therefore, the results of applying the Polish forest management model are determined in the article by the state of forest resources, the dynamics of their change, the volume of timber harvested taking into account its prices and Poland’s specialization in the production of final wood products. To identify successes in forest management, we studied the dynamics of changes in the state of Poland’s forest resources, their harvesting volumes and prices for wood products. Particular attention is paid to the cooperation of state forest management bodies with private forest owners. Thanks to the creation of the state forest holding, Poland managed to establish an effective forest management system. Having financial independence from the state budget, the holding is working successfully, implementing sustainable forestry and making a profit. The statistics considered in this article demonstrate the positive dynamics of the formation of forest resources in Poland, a steady increase in timber harvesting and processing, as well as the achievement of high rates of specialization in deep wood processing products on the world market. This is evidenced by a significant increase in the role of Poland in the global production and export of furniture.
Soil and Taxation Assessment of Modular Protective Forest Strips
Authors: Рулев А.С. , Рулева О.В. , Сучков Д.К. 
Published: July 2024

Охарактеризована модульная полезащитная лесная полоса землепользования «Качалинское» Волгоградской обл. Описана методика проводимых исследований, рассматривается пространственная ориентация полезащитных лесных полос, породный состав, высота, подрост, схема смешения, количество рядов, расстояние между рядами и посадочными местами в ряду, густота и сохранность насаждений, ширина лесных полос, их конструкция и ажурность. В ходе проведенных исследований проанализированы основные характеристики полезащитных лесных полос. Наблюдения показали, что по высоте деревьев и среднему диаметру в рассматриваемых вариантах посадки в первые годы жизни в модульной лесной полосе древесные растения развивались лучше, чем в сплошной (контрольной), затем произошло выравнивание значений этих показателей. Приведены данные по сорной растительности в модулях, межмодульном пространстве и в сплошной полезащитной лесной полосе. Выявлено, что количество сорняков в модуле в 2 раза меньше, чем в сплошной лесной полосе, а в межмодульном пространстве в 1,5 раза больше за счет лучшей освещенности из-за разреженности и низкой высоты кустарников. Условия роста и развития деревьев и кустарников в модульной лесной полосе лучше, чем в сплошной, за счет благоприятного влажностного режима почвы, что обусловлено мелкопрерывистым профилем насаждения (чередованием по длине полосы участков деревьев и кустарников и только кустарников).
The article deals with the issues related to the characterization of the Kachalinskoye modular protective forest land-use zones in the Volgograd region. The research methodology is described, the spatial orientation of protective forest strips, breed composition, height, undergrowth, mixing scheme, number of rows, distance between rows and seats in a row, density and safety of plantings, width of forest strips, design, openwork of forest strips are considered. The characteristics of soils are considered in detail.In the course of the conducted research, the main characteristics of the protective forest strips were analyzed. Observations showed that in terms of the height of trees and the average diameter in the considered planting variants, in the first years of life in the modular forest strip, woody plants developed better than in the solid forest strip (control), then there was an alignment. Also, data on weed vegetation in modules, intermodule space and in a continuous protective forest strip are given. It was revealed that the number of weeds in the module is 2 times less than in a continuous forest belt, and in the intermodule space is 1.5 times more due to better illumination due to sparseness and low height of shrubs. The conditions for the growth and development of trees and shrubs in a modular forest belt are better than in a continuous one, due to the better soil moisture regime, which is due to the shallow-discontinuous profile of the planting (alternating along the length of the strip of sections of trees and shrubs and only shrubs).