bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenovin-D3, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Sirtuin SirT2, Increases p21 (CDKN1A) Expression in a p53-Independent Manner
Authors: McCarthy Anna R. , Sachweh Marijke C.C. , Higgins Maureen , Campbell Johanna , Drummond Catherine J. , van Leeuwen Ingeborg M.M. , Pirrie Lisa , Ladds Marcus J.G.W. , Westwood Nicholas J. , Laín Sonia 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
While small-molecule inhibitors of class I/II histone deacetylases (HDAC) have been approved for cancer treatment, inhibitors of the sirtuins (a family of class III HDACs) still require further validation and optimization to enter clinical trials. Recent studies show that tenovin-6, a small-molecule inhibitor of sirtuins SirT1 and SirT2, reduces tumor growth in vivo and eliminates leukemic stem cells in a murine model for chronic myelogenous leukemia. Here, we describe a tenovin analogue, tenovin-D3, that preferentially inhibits sirtuin SirT2 and induces predicted phenotypes for SirT2 inhibition. Unlike tenovin-6 and in agreement with its weak effect on SirT1 (a p53 deacetylase), tenovin-D3 fails to increase p53 levels or transcription factor activity. However, tenovin-D3 promotes expression of the cell-cycle regulator and p53 target p21WAF1/CIP1 (CDKN1A) in a p53-independent manner. Structure–activity relationship studies strongly support that the ability of tenovin-D3 to inhibit SirT2 contributes to this p53-independent induction of p21. The ability of tenovin-D3 to increase p21 mRNA and protein levels is shared with class I/II HDAC inhibitors currently used in the clinic and therefore suggests that SirT2 inhibition and class I/II HDAC inhibitors have similar effects on cell-cycle progression. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(4); 352–60. ©2013 AACR.
Staged Versus One-time Complete Revascularization With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Patients Without ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hannan Edward L. , Samadashvili Zaza , Walford Gary , Jacobs Alice K. , Stamato Nicholas J. , Venditti Ferdinand J. , Holmes David R. , Sharma Samin , King Spencer B. 
Published: January 2013

Background—
There are evidence-based guidelines for staging of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but we are not aware of any evidence comparing the strategy of complete revascularization (CR) with PCI in the index admission versus the strategy of staging in a subsequent admission for patients with coronary artery disease without STEMI.

Methods and Results—

PCI patients without STEMI undergoing PCI in New York between 2007 and 2009 were separated into 2 groups: those with acute coronary syndrome but no STEMI, and those without acute coronary syndrome. For each group, patients who underwent CR in the index admission were then propensity matched to patients staged within 60 days to obtain CR based on 17 patient risk factors related to longer-term mortality, and 3-year mortality rates were compared for the propensity-matched groups. Outcomes were also compared for preselected subgroups. For propensity-matched patients without acute coronary syndrome, the all-cause mortality rates at 3 years for patients who underwent CR in the index hospitalization and patients staged for CR within 60 days of discharge were 5.62% and 5.97%,
P
=0.93, respectively. For propensity-matched patients with acute coronary syndrome but without STEMI, the all-cause mortality rates at 3 years for patients who underwent CR in the index hospitalization and patients staged for CR within 60 days of discharge were 6.59% and 5.92%,
P
=0.41, respectively.

Conclusions—
Patients with coronary artery disease without STEMI do not have significantly lower 3-year mortality rates with staged PCI than when they undergo CR in the index admission.
Medial Premotor Cortex Shows a Reduction in Inhibitory Markers and Mediates Recovery in a Mouse Model of Focal Stroke
Authors: Zeiler Steven R. , Gibson Ellen M. , Hoesch Robert E. , Li Ming Y. , Worley Paul F. , O’Brien Richard J. , Krakauer John W. 
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose—
Motor recovery after ischemic stroke in primary motor cortex is thought to occur in part through training-enhanced reorganization in undamaged premotor areas, enabled by reductions in cortical inhibition. Here we used a mouse model of focal cortical stroke and a double-lesion approach to test the idea that a medial premotor area (medial agranular cortex [AGm]) reorganizes to mediate recovery of prehension, and that this reorganization is associated with a reduction in inhibitory interneuron markers.

Methods—
C57Bl/6 mice were trained to perform a skilled prehension task to an asymptotic level of performance after which they underwent photocoagulation-induced stroke in the caudal forelimb area. The mice were then retrained and inhibitory interneuron immunofluorescence was assessed in prechosen, anatomically defined neocortical areas. Mice then underwent a second photocoagulation-induced stroke in AGm.

Results—
Focal caudal forelimb area stroke led to a decrement in skilled prehension. Training-associated recovery of prehension was associated with a reduction in parvalbumin, calretinin, and calbindin expression in AGm. Subsequent infarction of AGm led to reinstatement of the original deficit.

Conclusions—
We conclude that with training, AGm can reorganize after a focal motor stroke and serve as a new control area for prehension. Reduced inhibition may represent a marker for reorganization or it is necessary for reorganization to occur. Our mouse model, with all of the attendant genetic benefits, may allow us to determine at the cellular and molecular levels how behavioral training and endogenous plasticity interact to mediate recovery.
<i>Bionomina</i>, a forum for the discussion of nomenclatural and terminological issues in biology
Authors: DUBOIS Alain 
Published: January 2013

Science is an encounter between reality and language. It is based on objects and facts, apprehended through observation and experimentation, and on descriptive, predictive and explanatory concepts, models and theories, expressed through language. Accurate, unambiguous and universal communication is crucial for science to operate and develop. As well stated by clear-sighted scientists and historians of science like Ernst Mayr, an important, although often underrated, ground of disagreement, or of false agreement, among scientists, is the terminology they use. Not rarely, different colleagues or schools of thought erroneously think they disagree (or agree), simply because they use different terms for the same concept, or the same term for different concepts. Therefore scientific terms, i.e., simple words, play a crucial role in the scientific activity. This is particularly true of biology, particularly of the fields that deal with the comparative and
Constant Duméril’s <i>Zoologie Analytique</i> was published in 1805
Authors: BOUR Roger 
Published: January 2013

André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860) was at first an anatomist: on August 7, 1799, he was appointed chief of the anatomical works at the Paris Faculty of Medicine. As such, he helped Georges Cuvier in his anatomical researches, and from 1797 onwards he copied out his lectures; later, starting from 1802, he took the place of Cuvier to teach Natural History. Cuvier was grateful and stimulated him to work at the Paris Museum. Cuvier was convincing and effective: on June 16, 1803, he could offer Duméril a position as assistant of Lacepède1, who was head of the herpetological and ichthyological department of zoology. In his turn, Duméril had to be thankful, and he wrote a Traité d’Histoire Naturelle (1804), in which his “friend” Cuvier was greatly acknowledged; the author made clear that this work was a Cuvier’s “order”.
Introducing the <i>Draft BioCode</i> (2011)
Authors: HAWKSWORTH David L. 
Published: January 2013

As information on the world’s biota becomes increasingly integrated across different groups of organisms, from bacteria and fungi to animals and plants, there is a concomitant rising need for a consistent and harmonized approach to the regulation of scientific names. The BioCode initiative represents a concerted effort, by biologists intimately involved in the operation of the current system of separate codes, to devise a unified approach to the future naming of organisms of all kinds. This need has become pressing in view of common issues that the separate organismal codes now have to address, consequent on the rapid changes taking place in global informatics, database architecture, molecular systematics and ecology, and electronic publication.
A zoologist’s viewpoint on the <i>Draft BioCode</i>
Authors: DUBOIS Alain 
Published: January 2013

The Draft BioCode (DBC) is the result of an attempt at unifying the nomenclatural Rules currently in force in different taxonomic domains (mostly zoology and botany), which are the result of a long historical process during which they have widely diverged in several important respects. The proposals of the DBC tend to extend several basic concepts and idiosyncrasies of botanical nomenclature to other fields, mostly zoological nomenclature. This is unfortunate, as in several cases the zoological Rules can be argued to be more appropriate, especially to meet the new challenges that biological nomenclature will be facing in the 21st century. The DBC is not ripe and its implementation in its present form should not be accepted by the international community of taxonomists, and particularly by zoologists. Among the many problems that would remain to solve before considering this possibility, the following ones are particularly stressed here: (1) the need of a better plan for this document and of a better technical terminology for nomenclatural concepts and tools; (2) the abandonment of absolute ranks and their replacement by relative ranks in the frame of a small number of nominal-series within which a Principle of Coordination is in force; (3) the adoption of more precise, stringent and unambiguous Rules for the nomenclature of higher taxa of the class-series; (4) the dissociation, in the nomenclatural process, between the stage of creation of nomina and that of their registration, which should not be compulsory; (5) the suppression of all prescriptions regarding the use of any language in taxonomic and nomenclatural publications; (6) the need of more stringent Rules for homonymy between “similar” nomina.
Nomenclature, terminology and language
Authors: EPSTEIN Mark 
Published: January 2013

It is this paper’s intention to provide one perspective on some of the debates, theories and proposals relating to meaning, formalization, rigor (which I argue is not necessarily identical to precision), precision, reference and naming as they relate to nomenclature and terminology. I argue that resorting to formal and machine languages in an attempt to “fix” or “stabilize” the semantics of natural languages is not always a successful or desirable strategy. A careful examination of the practical relationship(s) between reference and semantics, the process of the genesis of meaning, helps one to understand how the logical premises for the pursuit of certain kinds of mechanical formalization strategies are faulty. An attentive use of existing natural languages, in conjunction with parsimonious and concise practices in the areas of nomenclature and terminology, can probably achieve reasonable levels of precision. It also may help avoid excessive proliferation of overlapping, partially redundant, metalanguages, knowledge representations, ontologies, etc., that all attempt to redefine standards for nomenclature and taxonomy, without necessarily confronting the problems (which lie at the foundation of many issues in the philosophy at language) at the root of the alleged “fuzziness” of many concepts generated with the use of natural languages. A relatively short set of practical proposals concludes the essay.
Contrasting Impacts of Two Types of ENSO on the Boreal Spring Hadley Circulation
Authors: Feng Juan , Li Jianping 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The possible influences of two types of ENSO [i.e., the canonical ENSO and ENSO Modoki (EM)] on Hadley circulation (HC) during the boreal spring are investigated during 1979–2010. El Niño events are featured with a symmetric pattern in equatorial zonal-mean sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), with a maximum around the equator. In contrast, the zonal-mean SSTA associated with El Niño Modoki events shows an asymmetric structure with a maximum around 10°N. The contrasting underlying thermal structures corresponding with ENSO and EM have opposite impacts on the simultaneous HC. In El Niño years, a symmetric anomalous meridional circulation is seen, with enhanced rising around the equator and anomalous descent at about 15°N and 20°S. In contrast, an asymmetric equatorial meridional circulation is observed for El Niño Modoki years, with anomalous ascent around 10°N and descent at about 10°S and 20°N. The contrasting meridional circulation anomalies within ENSO and EM are caused by their different meridional SSTA structure. This result is theoretically explained, indicating that anomalous meridional circulation is subject to the meridional SSTA gradient. Moreover, the observed results are reproduced in numerical experiments driven by anomalous warming in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean. Thus, the authors conclude that the anomalous HC linked to ENSO and EM is induced by the accompanying meridional gradient in zonal-mean SSTA.
Leading Modes of the Upper-Ocean Temperature Interannual Variability along the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean in NCEP GODAS
Authors: Hu Zeng-Zhen , Kumar Arun , Huang Bohua , Zhu Jieshun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this work, the authors analyze the physical mechanisms of interannual variability of the upper-ocean temperature anomaly (OTA) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, using ocean reanalysis from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Ocean Data Assimilation System. The variability of equatorial Atlantic OTA is dominated by two leading modes. The first mode is characterized by same-sign variation along the thermocline with pronounced amplitude in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic. This mode represents the modulation of the overall thermocline depth at the equator generated by net heat convergence in the equatorial ocean, with heat content first accumulated mainly in the off-equatorial northwestern Atlantic in response to anomalous wind curl associated with Atlantic meridional mode.
The second leading mode shows an opposite variation between the western and eastern Atlantic. This mode is mainly driven by the zonal wind stress fluctuation confined in the southwestern tropical and equatorial Atlantic and reflects the equatorial balanced response between the zonal slope of the equatorial thermocline depth and the atmospheric zonal wind variations with pronounced surface wind and ocean anomalies in the southwestern and equatorial ocean. The different characteristics of these two modes suggest that they may occur independently. In fact, evolution of the two leading modes is approximately in quadrature, and they may also occur in sequence on interannual time scales. The two leading mode-associated air–sea interaction processes suggest that the Atlantic meridional mode and zonal mode are statistically and physically connected in their evolution.
Osseointegrated Hearing Implant Surgery: Outcomes Using a Minimal Soft Tissue Removal Technique
Authors: Hawley Karen , Haberkamp Thomas J. 
Published: January 2013

Objectives(1) To report on the results and complications arising from using a minimal tissue removal procedure for the placement of an osseointegrated hearing implant. (2) To comment on the advantages and disadvantages for this technique compared to current standard techniques.Study DesignCase series with chart review; 2008‐2010.SettingTertiary care facility.Subjects and MethodsAll consecutive patients undergoing osseointegrated hearing implant surgery with a minimal tissue removal technique were reviewed. Technique: A small incision (1.5 cm) with little to no soft tissue (fat only) removal with good skin to periosteum fixation after placement of implant and abutment.ResultsThirty‐one adults were assessed (aged 18‐86, range of follow‐up 3‐45 months). No patients experienced hair loss, significant numbness, cosmetic defects, or intraoperative or audiologic complications. Eight patients required some combination of antibiotic ointment, steroid ointment, and/or oral antibiotic for mild erythema around the abutment, and 3 patients required soft tissue revision. Five children under the age of 18 were also assessed. One of these patients required soft tissue revision in the operating room and 1 required removal of the implant.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated comparable outcomes to other surgical techniques with less cosmetic and other associated complaints. This study indicates that a less invasive approach for the surgical implantation of the osseointegrated auditory implant may have merit.
Flexural Properties of Native and Tissue‐Engineered Human Septal Cartilage
Authors: Caffrey Jason P. , Kushnaryov Anton M. , Reuther Marsha S. , Wong Van W. , Briggs Kristen K. , Masuda Koichi , Sah Robert L. , Watson Deborah 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo determine and compare the bending moduli of native and engineered human septal cartilage.Study DesignProspective, basic science.SettingResearch laboratory.Subjects and MethodsNeocartilage constructs were fabricated from expanded human septal chondrocytes cultured in differentiation medium for 10 weeks. Constructs (n = 10) and native septal cartilage (n = 5) were tested in a 3‐point bending apparatus, and the bending moduli were calculated using Euler‐Bernoulli beam theory.ResultsAll samples were tested successfully and returned to their initial shape after unloading. The bending modulus of engineered constructs (0.32 ± 0.25 MPa, mean ± SD) was 16% of that of native septal cartilage (1.97 ± 1.25 MPa).ConclusionHuman septal constructs, fabricated from cultured human septal chondrocytes, are more compliant in bending than native human septal tissue. The bending modulus of engineered septal cartilage can be measured, and this modulus provides a useful measure of construct rigidity while undergoing maturation relative to native tissue.
Footprint of the Lateral Ligament Complex of the Ankle
Authors: Neuschwander Timothy B. , Indresano Andrew A. , Hughes Tudor H. , Smith Bertil W. 
Published: January 2013

Background: We describe the topographic anatomy of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging. Methods: Dissection of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) was performed on 8 unpaired fresh-frozen cadaver feet. Ligaments were sharply dissected from bone, and the footprint was outlined with radio-opaque paint. The specimen underwent a 0.625-mm slice CT scan of the ankle with 3D reconstructions. Software was used to determine the surface area of the ligament footprint as well as measure the distance from the peroneal tubercle to the center of the CFL footprint. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. Results: Six specimens had a bifid ATFL. Seven ankles had a bifid ATFL footprint on the talus. All specimens had intact CFL fibers. The intact superior and inferior limbs of the ATFL measured 19.7 ± 1.2 mm and 16.7 ± 1.1 mm. The CFL measured 24.8 ± 2.4 mm. The area of the footprints of the superior ATFL and inferior ATFL on the talus measured 1.5 ± 0.26 cm2 and 0.90 ± 0.07 cm2. The CFL and ATFL origins on the fibula were continuous and measured 3.48 ± 0.39 cm2. The CFL insertion on the calcaneus measured 2.68 ± 0.20 cm2. The CFL was found 27.1 ± 1.0 mm posterior and superior from the peroneal tubercle. Conclusions: In presumably uninjured specimens, both the ATFL and its footprint on the talus were bifid. The CFL and ATFL origins have a single confluent footprint on the anterior border of the distal fibula. The CFL footprint on the calcaneus is almost 3 cm posterior and superior to the peroneal tubercle. Clinical Relevance: This study may assist surgeons in anatomically reconstructing the lateral ligament complex of the ankle.
Simple Excision vs the Kidner Procedure for Type 2 Accessory Navicular Associated With Flatfoot in Pediatric Population
Authors: Cha Soo-Min , Shin Hyun-Dae , Kim Kyung-Cheon , Lee Jeong-Kil 
Published: January 2013

Background: Recently, many studies have argued against the Kidner procedure and its several modifications, with the accessory navicular considered an irritant rather than a hindrance to foot function, and simple excision has been advocated. We designed this prospective, comparative study of simple excision and the Kidner procedure in children and adolescents with flatfoot and evaluated functional and radiographic outcomes. Methods: From February 2004 to March 2009, we followed 50 consecutive feet of symptomatic type 2 accessory navicular. Simple excision and the Kidner procedure were performed in 25 feet each, respectively. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Midfoot Scale, the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the talo–first metatarsal, talocalcaneal, and calcaneal pitch angles were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for a minimum of 3 years. Patient satisfaction was assessed. Results: The preoperative AOFAS midfoot scale and VAS of each group were improved at final follow-up. The talo–first metatarsal and talocalcaneal angles were not significantly different pre- and postoperatively. However, the calcaneal pitch angle of both groups was improved at the final follow-up. At the final follow-up, we observed no significant differences between the 2 groups in the AOFAS midfoot scale, the VAS, and the talo–first metatarsal, talocalcaneal, and calcaneal pitch angles. The satisfaction frequencies were 86% and 82% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions: We found that in children and adolescents with accessory navicular and flatfoot, simple excision and the Kidner procedure both gave satisfactory results and both minimally restored the medial longitudinal arch similarly. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective therapeutic study.
Inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl impedes activation of the FLT3 internal tandem duplication in human acute myeloid leukemia: implications for Axl as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Park Il-Kyoo , Mishra Anjali , Chandler Jason , Whitman Susan P. , Marcucci Guido , Caligiuri Michael A. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is important for constitutive FLT3 phosphorylation in FLT3-ITD+ AML Blocking phosphorylation of Axl suppresses the growth of human FLT3-ITD+ AML in vivo, which makes Axl a potential therapeutic target