bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of finite-rate chemistry and detailed transport on the instability of jet diffusion flames
Authors: See Yee Chee , Ihme Matthias 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLocal linear stability analysis has been shown to provide valuable information about the response of jet diffusion flames to flow-field perturbations. However, this analysis commonly relies on several modelling assumptions about the mean flow prescription, the thermo-viscous-diffusive transport properties, and the complexity and representation of the chemical reaction mechanisms. In this work, the effects of these modelling assumptions on the stability behaviour of a jet diffusion flame are systematically investigated. A flamelet formulation is combined with linear stability theory to fully account for the effects of complex transport properties and the detailed reaction chemistry on the perturbation dynamics. The model is applied to a methane–air jet diffusion flame that was experimentally investigated by Füriet al.(Proc. Combust. Inst., vol. 29, 2002, pp. 1653–1661). Detailed simulations are performed to obtain mean flow quantities, about which the stability analysis is performed. Simulation results show that the growth rate of the inviscid instability mode is insensitive to the representation of the transport properties at low frequencies, and exhibits a stronger dependence on the mean flow representation. The effects of the complexity of the reaction chemistry on the stability behaviour are investigated in the context of an adiabatic jet flame configuration. Comparisons with a detailed chemical-kinetics model show that the use of a one-step chemistry representation in combination with a simplified viscous-diffusive transport model can affect the mean flow representation and heat release location, thereby modifying the instability behaviour. This is attributed to the shift in the flame structure predicted by the one-step chemistry model, and is further exacerbated by the representation of the transport properties. A pinch-point analysis is performed to investigate the stability behaviour; it is shown that the shear-layer instability is convectively unstable, while the outer buoyancy-driven instability mode transitions from absolutely to convectively unstable in the nozzle near field, and this transition point is dependent on the Froude number.
Prospective, randomised, controlled trial comparing delivery of patient information for functional endoscopic sinus surgery via website versus printed leaflet
Authors: Henney S , Irving R 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjective:To compare the efficacy of two modes of delivery of information for patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery: website and printed leaflet.Methods:A two-centre, prospective, single-blinded, randomised, controlled trial was conducted, comparing mode of information delivery. Adult patients were randomly allocated to receive pre-operative information regarding functional endoscopic sinus surgery, either via a website or a printed leaflet. Primary outcomes, measured by questionnaire, were: readability, usability and recall of complications.Results:Fifty-eight patients were recruited. Fifty met the inclusion criteria, of which 40 were analysed in the study (20 patients per group), meeting the power criteria set. There were 18 male and 22 female patients, ranging in age from 21 to 76 years (mean, 47 years). Patients found both the printed leaflet and the website readable, and were satisfied with the usability of both modes. There were similar rates for recall of complications in both study arms.Conclusion:Patient information on functional endoscopic sinus surgery can be provided either as a printed leaflet or a website, with similar rates for usability, readability and recall of complications. These findings could help tailor the provision of pre-operative information for patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery, based on patient preference.
Plasmodial Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperones: current and future perspectives
Authors: PESCE E.-R. , BLATCH G. L. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYPlasmodium falciparumdisplays a large and remarkable variety of heat shock protein 40 family members (PfHsp40s). The majority of the PfHsp40s are poorly characterized, and although the functions of some of them have been suggested, their exact mechanism of action is still elusive and their interacting partners and client proteins are unknown. TheP. falciparumheat shock protein 70 family members (PfHsp70s) have been more extensively characterized than the PfHsp40s, with certain members shown to function as molecular chaperones. However, little is known about the PfHsp70-PfHsp40 chaperone partnerships. There is mounting evidence that these chaperones are important not only in protein homoeostasis and cytoprotection, but also in protein trafficking across the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and into the infected erythrocyte. We propose that certain members of these chaperone families work together to maintain exported proteins in an unfolded state until they reach their final destination. In this review, we critically evaluate what is known and not known about PfHsp40s and PfHsp70s.
The truncated amplified spontaneous emission pulses in KrF excimer laser by using timeshare quenching
Authors: Du P. Y. , Lu Z. W. , Lin D. Y. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn order to achieve the truncated amplified spontaneous emission pulse, the method of timeshare quenching was proposed in this paper. When the original pulse of the amplified spontaneous emission is 16.72 ns, the obtained best results show that the pulse width is truncated to 2.48 ns, and the shortening ratio is approximately 6.7. By analyzing the 12 acquisition results of the continuous amplified spontaneous emission truncation, 2.59 ± 0.05 ns amplified spontaneous emission pulse was obtained. The experimental results showed that the stability of the truncated pulse width is well. This method is applicable to truncate the ASE pulse in KrF excimer laser. It is significantly to the research of the inertial confinement fusion.
Cable motion capture and analysis based on optical tracking system
Authors: Ge Jingguo , Gu Hao 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYAs a fatigable part of industrial products, cable is a valuable research topic to predict the product lifetime. Since the cable fatigue is related to the bending radius in motion, this paper presents a cable motion capture and bending radius calculation method based on optical tracking system. In particular, a marker sorting algorithm is developed for further spline interpolation in cable motion tracking. The cable bending radius calculation precision is analysed as well. The Results show that the proposed method can successfully track cable motion with an acceptable error for cable lifetime prediction.
Teleoperation grasp assistance using infra-red sensor array
Authors: Chen Nutan , Tee Keng Peng , Chew Chee-Meng 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYTeleoperated grasping requires the abilities to follow the intended trajectory from the user and autonomously search for a suitable pre-grasp pose relative to the object of interest. Challenges include dealing with uncertainty due to the noise of the teleoperator, human elements and calibration errors in the sensors. To address these challenges, an effective and robust algorithm is introduced to assist grasping during teleoperation. Although without premature object contact or regrasping strategies, the algorithm enables the robot to perform online adjustments to reach a pre-grasp pose before final grasping. We use three infrared (IR) sensors that are mounted on the robot hand, and design an algorithm that controls the robot hand to grasp objects using the information from the sensors' readings and the interface component. Finally, a series of experiments demonstrate that the system is robust when grasping a wide range of objects and tracking slow-moving mobile objects. Empirical data from a five-subject user study allows us to tune the relative contributions from the IR sensors and the interface component so as to achieve a balance of grasp assistance and teleoperation.
Thrombus in the left atrial appendage: a case report of neonate
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Yoshizawa Kosuke , Sakazaki Hisanori 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA Japanese girl first pointed out the mass in the left atrial appendage by the echocardiography on the 3rd day of life. At 30th day of life, the mass in the left atrial appendage was excised en bloc successfully under cardiopulmonary bypass because it appeared mobile. Its pathologic finding revealed an old organised thrombus. She is doing well with no episode of thrombus formation or thromboembolism, 2 years postoperatively.
Habitability around F-type stars
Authors: Sato S. , Cuntz M. , Guerra Olvera C. M. , Jack D. , Schröder K.-P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe explore the general astrobiological significance of F-type main-sequence stars with masses between 1.2 and 1.5 M⊙. Special consideration is given to stellar evolutionary aspects due to nuclear main-sequence evolution. DNA is taken as a proxy for carbon-based macromolecules following the paradigm that extraterrestrial biology may be most likely based on hydrocarbons. Consequently, the DNA action spectrum is utilized to represent the impact of the stellar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Planetary atmospheric attenuation is taken into account based on parameterized attenuation functions. We found that the damage inflicted on DNA for planets at Earth-equivalent positions is between a factor of 2.5 and 7.1 higher than for solar-like stars, and there are intricate relations for the time-dependence of damage during stellar main-sequence evolution. If attenuation is considered, smaller factors of damage are obtained in alignment to the attenuation parameters. This work is motivated by earlier studies indicating that the UV environment of solar-type stars is one of the most decisive factors in determining the suitability of exosolar planets and exomoons for biological evolution and sustainability.
The Informationalisation of the Australian Community Sector
Authors: French Rebecca , Stillman Larry 
Published: March 2014

Based on research in Australia, this article offers explanatory concepts about how welfare workers deal with contradictions between the rationalising ‘informationalisation’ of welfare system governance and the demands of people-centred welfare practice, or ‘technologies of care’. While the situation in Australia with respect to the relationship between government, funders and welfare workers may not be mirrored in other places, the concepts are relevant for the development of local research, insights and practice.Suggestions are also made for further action to bridge the gap between information systems design and welfare practice through the adoption of a dialogic and representational system for more effective interoperable design that reflects the needs of the major parties involved, including funders, designers and particularly welfare workers.
The impact of health insurance on health services utilization and health outcomes in Vietnam
Authors: Guindon G. Emmanuel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn recent years, a number of low- and middle-income country governments have introduced health insurance schemes. Yet not a great deal is known about the impact of such policy shifts. Vietnam’s recent health insurance experience including a health insurance scheme for the poor in 2003 and a compulsory scheme that provides health insurance to all children under six years of age combined with Vietnam’s commitment to universal coverage calls for research that examines the impact of health insurance. Taking advantage of Vietnam’s unique policy environment, data from the 2002, 2004 and 2006 waves of the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey and single-difference and difference-in-differences approaches are used to assess whether access to health insurance – for the poor, for children and for students – impacts on health services utilization and health outcomes in Vietnam. For the poor and for students, results suggest health insurance increased the use of inpatient services but not of outpatient services or health outcomes. For young children, results suggest health insurance increased the use of outpatient services (including the use of preventive health services such as vaccination and check-up) but not of inpatient services.
Balanced MMIC QPSK modulator with low amplitude and phase errors
Authors: Moon Seong‐Mo , Lee Han Lim , Shin Dong‐Hwan , Yom In‐Bok , Lee Moon‐Que 
Published: March 2014

A broadband monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulator with low amplitude and phase errors is proposed. The presented modulator adopts two wideband reflection‐type binary BPSK modulators, each consisting of a modified Lange coupler with additional λ/4 transmission lines, varactor diodes, inductors and resistors. The proposed QPSK modulator is implemented in 0.15 μm GaAs low‐noise pHEMT process. The measurements show an error vector magnitude and a demodulated I/Q offset <5.8% root‐mean‐square and −16.1 dB, respectively, from 18 to 26.5 GHz.
Effective initial channel access in dense loosely coupled wireless charging pad environments
Authors: Kim Nam Yoon , Kim Chang‐Woo 
Published: March 2014

An initial channel access technology using continuous‐wave signals is proposed for establishing stable initial channel access between a transmitter and multiple receivers in a dense environment of loosely coupled (LC) wireless charging pads. Through the experiment, it is confirmed that the proposed system exhibits a fast and stable channel access performance. The initial channel access time of the proposed system is a minimum of 7 ms and a maximum of 7.82 s faster than the conventional technologies with a small deviation ranging from 68.2 to 90.4 ms, even for an increase in the number of LC wireless chargers in a small area.
Threshold‐voltage‐difference‐based CMOS voltage reference derived from basic current bias generator with 4.3 ppm/°C temperature coefficient
Authors: Yongda Cai , Zhige Zou , Zhen Wang , Jianming Lei 
Published: March 2014

A threshold‐voltage‐difference‐based CMOS voltage reference topology derived from the basic current bias generator is proposed. The implementation in the GSMC 0.18 μm process demonstrated that a precise voltage of 516.3 mV can be generated with a minimal temperature coefﬁcient of 4.3 ppm/°C. The reference consumes a current of 1.9 μA with a minimum supply voltage of 1.4 V. The line regulation is 0.075%/V at room temperature. It only occupies 0.013 mm2 without any area optimisations because of its simple structure. Also, due to its special compound structure, the circuit can generate both a stable voltage and a relatively temperature‐independent current.
Slotted substrate integrated cavity antenna using TE330 mode with low profile and high gain
Authors: Han Wangwang , Yang Feng , Zhou Haijing 
Published: March 2014

A novel slotted cavity antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology using TE330 mode is presented for the first time. The SIW‐based cavity operating at TE330 mode is simply fed by a coaxial probe. Energy is coupled out of the cavity by a 3 × 3 slot array etched on the top surface of the cavity. An antenna prototype operating at WLAN 5.8 GHz band fabricated with standard printed circuit board (PCB) process on a single substrate is exemplified to validate the proposed concept. The overall volume of the antenna is 1.6λ0 × 1.6λ0 × 0.029λ0. Measured results show that the antennas achieve a bandwidth of 4.7% for 10 dB return loss and gain of up to 13.6 dBi. The proposed antenna features low profile, high gain, ease of fabrication and high efficiency, which makes it a good candidate for low‐cost mass‐production.
Automatic tuning circuit for bulk‐controlled subthreshold MOS resistors
Authors: Vlassis S. , Khateb F. 
Published: March 2014

A simple automatic tuning circuit is proposed which is suitable for controlling very large channel resistance of weak‐inverted transistors operated in the linear regime. The channel resistance for 1.2 MΩ nominal value presents about ± 0.6% variation for −20–80°C temperature range, ±5% variation at process/temperature (P/T) corners and total harmonic distortion = −42 dB for differential signals. The supply voltage was VDD = 1 V and the current consumption was about 470 nA. The proposed concept and the performance were confirmed and evaluated by simulations using standard 0.35 μm CMOS process.
Study of terahertz LFMCW imaging radar with Hilbert transform receiver
Authors: Lu Zheng , Li Chao , Gao Xiang , Fang Guangyou 
Published: March 2014

A linear frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (LFMCW) radar with a simplified single homodyne channel is proposed and developed in the 0.22 THz band. The transmitter employs direct digital waveform synthesiser technology to obtain a reliable fast scanning LFMCW source, the scanning speed of which is 40 µs with an instantaneous bandwidth of 14.4 GHz. To realise the nonlinearity calibration and coherent imaging, the quadrature signal is recovered by a Hilbert transform receiver to obtain the phase information of the return wave. The radar operates using the real‐aperture imaging method and uses a lens to focus the Gauss beam which determines the azimuth resolution. The results of the pulse compression and imaging experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed imaging scheme in the 0.22 THz band. The radar can be used for non‐destructive testing and security checks.
SHP-2 deletion in postmigratory neural crest cells results in impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation
Authors: Lajiness Jacquelyn D. , Snider Paige , Wang Jian , Feng Gen-Sheng , Krenz Maike , Conway Simon J. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Initial heart development takes place independently of its innervation; however, impaired postnatal cardiac sympathetic innervation can result in deadly consequences. This study provides evidence that the signaling molecules SHP-2 and phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) are critical components in the development of cardiac sympathetic innervation. Interruption of this signaling cascade resulted in decreased sympathetic innervation and decreased heart rate. Genetic rescue of downstream pERK signaling restored both cardiac innervation and heart rate. Thus, this work lends mechanistic insight into clinical presentations of diseases associated with alterations in this signaling pathway such as LEOPARD syndrome as well as other ECG abnormalities resulting from disturbed pERK-dependent sympathetic innervation.
Solving a Levinthal's paradox for virus assembly identifies a unique antiviral strategy
Authors: Dykeman Eric C. , Stockley Peter G. , Twarock Reidun 
Published: March 2014

Significance
One of the important puzzles in virology is how viruses assemble protective protein containers for their genomes rapidly and efficiently during an infection. Recent advances in the field of RNA viruses suggests that multiple specific contacts between the genomic RNA and the proteins in these containers play crucial roles in this process, but the detailed molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are largely obscure. We describe here a mathematical model of virus assembly that incorporates these contacts and other details of real virus infections. It demonstrates how such contacts act collectively to reduce the complexity of virus formation, ensuring efficient and selective packaging of the viral genomes. These competitive advantages shed new light on viral assembly and evolution and open up unique avenues for antiviral therapy.
Preparedness of Americans for the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Barcellos Silvia Helena , Wuppermann Amelie C. , Carman Katherine Grace , Bauhoff Sebastian , McFadden Daniel L. , Kapteyn Arie , Winter Joachim K. , Goldman Dana 
Published: March 2014

Significance
The ultimate success of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) depends on how well the health insurance exchanges can bring the benefits of private competition to individuals in the form of lower premiums. Doing so requires that individuals, when shopping for health insurance, correctly weigh the benefits and costs of various insurance options. Our work suggests that the overall population, and even more so those most likely affected by the ACA, is not well equipped to do so. We documented low levels of ACA and health insurance knowledge in the month preceding the introduction of the exchanges. We propose that simplified options, decision aids, and health insurance product design to address the limited understanding of health insurance contracts will be crucial for ACA’s success.
Readily releasable vesicles recycle at the active zone of hippocampal synapses
Authors: Schikorski Thomas 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Nerve cells communicate via the release of a neurotransmitter that is stored in synaptic vesicles. The availability of synaptic vesicles is thus crucial for synaptic function. Availability of synaptic vesicles is ensured by vesicle retrieval after fusion with the plasma membrane; however, the underlying mechanisms of membrane retrieval at hippocampal synapses are still debated. Here we show that synaptic vesicles are retrieved at the active zone without the assistance of coated vesicles. Such a mechanism is similar to “kiss and run” but contradicts the classical pathway via clathrin-coated vesicles.
The LYR protein subunit NB4M/NDUFA6 of mitochondrial complex I anchors an acyl carrier protein and is essential for catalytic activity
Authors: Angerer Heike , Radermacher Michael , Mańkowska Michalina , Steger Mirco , Zwicker Klaus , Heide Heinrich , Wittig Ilka , Brandt Ulrich , Zickermann Volker 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Complex I is the largest membrane protein complex of the respiratory chain. In addition to 14 central subunits conserved from bacteria to man, the mitochondrial enzyme comprises some 30 so-called accessory subunits of largely unknown structure and function. We show that accessory subunit NB4M [human ortholog NDUFA6, LYR motif containing protein 6 (LYRM6)], a member of the LYR protein superfamily, anchors an acyl carrier protein to complex I, thus forming a structurally well-defined subdomain essential for complex I activity. Our study offers structural insights into the functional interplay of several central and accessory subunits that seem to be specifically involved in controlling the catalytic activity of mitochondrial complex I. This also provides the structural basis for human complex I inactivation in HIV-linked LYRM6 deficiency.
Glacial forcing of central Indonesian hydroclimate since 60,000 y B.P.
Authors: Russell James M. , Vogel Hendrik , Konecky Bronwen L. , Bijaksana Satria , Huang Yongsong , Melles Martin , Wattrus Nigel , Costa Kassandra , King John W. 
Published: March 2014

SignificanceClimate variability in the tropical western Pacific exerts enormous influence on global climate, yet its history remains poorly constrained. We present the region’s first continuous terrestrial sedimentary record of surface hydrology and vegetation spanning the last 60,000 y based upon geochemical data from Lake Towuti, Indonesia. Our data demonstrate that wet conditions and rainforest ecosystems present during the Holocene and during marine isotope stage 3 were interrupted by severe drying between ∼33,000 and 16,000 y B.P., when high-latitude ice sheets expanded and global temperatures cooled. These findings indicate an important role for glacial boundary conditions in pacing tropical western Pacific climate change, and highlight the potential for the western Pacific to amplify global climate change during glacial–interglacial cycles.