bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Catalysts-Based Synthetic Approaches to Quinolines: A Review
Authors: Tripathi Shrishti , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Kukreti Neelima , Kumar Arvind , Singh Saurabh 
Published: June 2024

:
The most common heterocyclic aromatic molecule with potential uses in industry and
medicine is quinoline. Its chemical formula is C9H7N, and it has a distinctive double-ring structure
with a pyridine moiety fused with a benzene ring. Various synthetic approaches synthesize quinoline
derivatives. These approaches include solvent-free synthetic approach, mechanochemistry,
ultrasonic, photolytic synthetic approach, and microwave and catalytic synthetic approaches. One
of the important synthetic approaches is a catalyst-based synthetic approach in which different catalysts
are used such as silver-based catalysts, titanium-based nanoparticle catalysts, new iridium
catalysts, barium-based catalysts, iron-based catalysts, gold-based catalysts, nickel-based catalyst,
some metal-based photocatalyst, α-amylase biocatalyst, by using multifunctional metal-organic
framework-metal nanoparticle tandem catalyst etc. In the present study, we summarized different
catalyst-promoted reactions that have been reported for the synthesis of quinoline. Hopefully, the
study will be helpful for the researchers.
Optimizing Coreopsis tinctoria Flower Extraction and Inhibiting CML Activity: Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Chen Xinmei , Zhou Xinyu , Gao Ya 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is an uncommon type of cancer of the bone
marrow associated with high mortality. Although several effective therapies have been developed to reduce
symptoms in patients with CML, many of these methods are associated with side effects. Coreopsis tinctoria
Nutt. (C. tinctoria) is a natural medicinal material that possesses antioxidant and anticancer activities. Yet, its
effect in treating leukemia has still not been fully explored.

Objective:
To optimize the C. tinctoria flower extraction process and investigate whether these extracts can impair
CML cell survival.

Methods:
The extraction process of C. tinctoria was optimized by the Box-Behnken design response surface
method. K562 cells were treated with different volumes (0, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μL) of C. tinctoria flower extracts.
The effect of C. tinctoria extract on cell morphology and cell apoptosis was assessed by light microscopy,
laser confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry.

Results:
We established the following optimized C. tinctoria flower extraction conditions: temperature of 84.4
°C, extraction period of 10 mins, solid-liquid ratio of 1:65, and times 4. These conditions were applied for C.
tinctoria flower extraction. Pre-incubation of extracts prepared under the aforementioned optimal conditions with
K562 cells induced cell cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:
C. tinctoria flower extracts exert obvious anti-leukemia effects in vitro and may be a potential drug
candidate for leukemia treatment.
Catalytic Investigation of ε-caprolactone Polymerization through Schiff BaseTitanium (IV) Complexes
Authors: Shukla Satyendra N. , Gaur Pratiksha , Deharia Dimple , Mehrotra Ripul , Mathews Sheela , Chakrvarti Vijay 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) reaction has provided an efficient and convenient route to prepare polyesters of high molecular weight,
low polydispersity index, and high optical purity. The poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactide) (PLA) were prepared through ROP reaction of
ε-caprolactone and D, L-lactide, respectively. These compounds have a huge industrial demand and become an interest among the scientific
community to develop more economically and eco-friendly catalysts for ROP reactions.

Methods:
Three Schiff base ligands, 2-((benzo[d]thiazole-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol, L1; 2-(1-benzo[d]thiazole-2-ylimino)ethyl)phenol, L2; and 2-
((benzo[d]thiazole-2-ylimino)methyl)-5-methoxyphenol, L3; were prepared by the reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde,
2-hydroxyacetophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde in 1:1 molar ratio. In anticipation of interesting stereochemistry, reactivity, and
catalytic potential against ε-caprolactone polymerization, three Titanium(IV) complexes (1 – 3) of these Schiff base ligands were synthesized. All
the prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C{1H}-NMR and FAB-Mass
spectroscopic technique. Geometry was optimized with the help of DFT.

Results:
Complex 3 gives a much higher yield (87.7%) in comparison to 1 and 2. The order of catalytic efficiency for complexes is 3>1>2. With the
increase in temperature, the % yield was found to decrease, and results are in support of moderate to good potency of synthesized catalysts.

Conclusion:
Complexes were screened for catalytic potency against ε-Caprolactone polymerization reaction. A most plausible mechanism for the
polymerization was also proposed.
Private Blockchain-based Efficient Secure Cloud Data Storage Using Federated Learning Framework
Authors: Subramanian Maheswari , Raguru Jaya Krishna , Yesubabu Mannava , V V Satyanarayana Paka , Rao Pappu Srinivasa , Dastagiraiah C. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Some of the new challenges that consumers are confronted with include
safeguarding data and privacy. Data retrieved from the cloud's external sources and the calculations
that follow aren't always accurate. Addressing the risk of adversaries utilizing various exploitation
techniques to compromise transactional data privacy is a basic concern when establishing big private
networks. The profession of criminal investigation is quickly embracing new technologies, and one of
these is blockchain. Every sector, from banking and supply chain management to smart apps and the
Internet of Things (IoT), has been increasingly vulnerable to security threats in recent years.

Methods:
An effective solution to the "data island" problem, federated-learning (FL) has recently
been a hot and broad concern topic. But as FL technology finds more practical uses, training management
gets more complicated, and the trade-off of multi-tasking gets more difficult, due to the
increasing quantity of FL tasks. A privacy-preserving FL framework with multi-tasks using a partitioned
blockchain is proposed in this study to address this shortcoming. The framework may execute
several FL tasks by separate requesters. To start, an FL task force is established to help with
the visualization, organization, and administration of security aggregation.

Result:
In order to safeguard users' privacy and guarantee the accuracy of the global model, the
suggested framework incorporates both Paillier-homomorphic-encryption (PHE) and Pearsoncorrelation-
coefficient (PCC). Lastly, a novel incentive system based on the blockchain is introduced
to encourage individuals to provide their valuable data.

Conclusion:
Our suggested framework achieves a global model accuracy of 99.2% according to
the experimental data. Specifically, in the realm of industrial applications, the suggested framework
is clearly more suited to real-world settings.
Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H. Karst.: A Magnificent Natural Remedy for the
Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Singh Shalini , Mishra Shalini , Rana Maneesha , Mishra Rajesh Kumar , Katiyar Prashant , Pandey Shalvi , Chauhan Muskan , Rajput Satyendra Kumar , Arya Vedpriya 
Published: June 2024

:
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders encompassing conditions such as gastritis, peptic ul-cers, and inflammatory bowel disorders are major global health concerns affecting millions worldwide. Conventional treatment options often come with undesirable side effects, prompting the search for alternative therapies. The herb's influence on digestive processes, mucosal protec-tion, and modulation of gut microbiota shed light on maintaining potential GI health. Swertia chirayita (Gentianaceae), commonly known as 'Chirata', is a traditional medicinal herb that has been used for centuries in various cultures for its therapeutic benefits, particularly for GI ailments. Furthermore, this review highlights several scientific studies and clinical trials that support the traditional uses of S. chirayita in treating GI disorders. In conclusion, S. chirayita could be ben-eficial as a natural remedy with promising therapeutic potential for managing GI disorders. How-ever, there are still some scientific gaps, such as the identification of bioactive compounds, the structure-activity relationship, the mechanistic action of isolated bioactive compounds, the de-velopment of effective analytical methods for comprehensive quality control, and safety profiles, that need to be addressed. Understanding its molecular mechanisms and conducting further clin-ical trials will contribute to establishing S. chirayita as a valuable addition to the armamentarium of natural therapies for GI health.
Ginkgo biloba for Tardive Dyskinesia and Plasma MnSOD Activity: Association with MnSOD Ala-9Val Variant: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Tian Yang , Chen Jiajing , Zhu Rongrong , Li Jiaxin , Zhou Huixia , Chen Dachun , Wang Li , Kosten Thomas R. , Zhang Xiang-Yang 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Excessive free radicals are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) scavenges free radicals, thereby enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). This study examined whether EGb761 treatment would improve TD symptoms and increase MnSOD activity, particularly in TD patients with specific MnSOD Val-9Ala genotype.

Methods:
An EGb761 (240 mg/day) 12-week double-blind clinical trial with 157 TD patients was
randomized. The severity of TD was measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)
and plasma MnSOD activity was assayed before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Further, in an expanded sample, we compared MnSOD activity in 159 TD, 227 non-TD and 280 healthy controls, as
well as the allele frequencies and genotypes for the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism in 352 TD, 486
non-TD and 1150 healthy controls.

Results:
EGb761 significantly reduced TD symptoms and increased MnSOD activity in TD patients
compared to placebo (both p < 0.01). Moreover, we found an interaction between genotype and treatment
response (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in the EGb761 group, patients carrying the Ala allele displayed a significantly lower AIMS total score than patients with the Val/Val genotype. In addition, MnSOD activity
was significantly lower at baseline in TD patients compared with healthy controls or non-TD patients.

Conclusion:
EGb761 treatment enhanced low MnSOD activity in TD patients and produced greater
improvement in TD symptoms in patients with the Ala allele of the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism.
Influence of regulatory peptides on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Data of one center
Authors: Abdallah Nemer N.M. , Belousov I. I. , Goncharova Z. A. , Rudenko O. Yu. , Belousova M. E. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: Cclinical evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of the effect of the regulatory polypeptide drug on neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Materials and methods: 41 patients with MS and urodynamically confirmed detrusor overactivity were included in a prospective, single-center, simple comparative clinical trial with sequential drug changes. The initial function of the lower urinary tract and its dynamic changes during therapy were studied by filling out a voiding diary and questionnaires using the EDSS, NBSS, SF-Qualiveen, I-QOL questionnaires. The control drug Solifenacin (patient group 1) is a specific competitive antagonist of muscarinic receptors of the M3 subtype, which causes detrusor contraction. The Study Drug (patient group 2) is a complex of regulatory polypeptides that have an organotropic effect on the bladder. Drug administration: control drug for 4 weeks, then an observation period of 4 weeks, after which - taking the Study Drug for 30 days. The results were monitored immediately after the end of taking the Study Drugs, after which they were compared with the initial data. Statistical analysis was carried out by the program “Statistica 10” (StatSoft Inc., USA), using non-parametric data analysis with median analysis, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U-test search. The results of differences were considered statistically significant if the probability of error was <5% (p<0.05).Results: Vvoiding diary: 14.6% and 24.4% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively, were freed from urinary incontinence; from nocturia —- 31.7% and 56.1% of patients for groups 1 and 2, respectively, the frequency of daily urination was normalized in 53.6% and 70.7% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. NBSS questionnaire: decrease in the total questionnaire score by 29.2% and 47.4% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. SF-Qualiveen questionnaire: an increase in the overall assessment score by 42.3% for group 1 versus +66.5% for group 2. I-QOL questionnaire: improvement in quality of life by 56.0% and 80.4% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. The Study Drug has a higher safety profile compared to Solifenacin.Conclusion: Tthe effectiveness of the Study Drug in the correction of neurogenic OAB is higher in comparison with Solifenacin, which is reflected in a decrease in urgency, pollakiuria, the number of episodes of urinary incontinence and a significant improvement in the quality of life of these patients. The Study Drug demonstrates a high safety profile in the study.
Development and Assessment of a Point-of-Care Application (Genomic Medicine Guidance) for Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease
Authors: Patil Rohan , Ashraf Fatima , Abu Dayeh Samer , Prakash Siddharth K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Genetic testing can determine familial and personal risks for heritable thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAD). The 2022 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for TAD recommend management decisions based on the specific gene mutation. However, many clinicians lack sufficient comfort or insight to integrate genetic information into clinical practice.

Objective
We therefore developed the Genomic Medicine Guidance (GMG) application, an interactive point-of-care tool to inform clinicians and patients about TAD diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance. GMG is a REDCap-based application that combines publicly available genetic data and clinical recommendations based on the TAD guidelines into one translational education tool.

Methods
TAD genetic information in GMG was sourced from the Montalcino Aortic Consortium, a worldwide collaboration of TAD centers of excellence, and the National Institutes of Health genetic repositories ClinVar and ClinGen.

Results
The application streamlines data on the 13 most frequently mutated TAD genes with 2286 unique pathogenic mutations that cause TAD so that users receive comprehensive recommendations for diagnostic testing, imaging, surveillance, medical therapy, and preventative surgical repair, as well as guidance for exercise safety and management during pregnancy. The application output can be displayed in a clinician view or exported as an informative pamphlet in a patient-friendly format.

Conclusions
The overall goal of the GMG application is to make genomic medicine more accessible to clinicians and patients while serving as a unifying platform for research. We anticipate that these features will be catalysts for collaborative projects aiming to understand the spectrum of genetic variants contributing to TAD.
Perbedaan Utilitas Pasien DM di FKTP Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penerapan Kebijakan Kapitasi Berbasis Kinerja (KBK) Di Kota Cimahi (Analisis Data Sampel BPJS 2015-2020)
Authors: Gultom Elita Ivanna , Afriandi Irvan , Gondodiputro Sharon 
Published: June 2024

Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 merupakan jenis penyakit diabetes mellitus (DM) yang paling banyak terjadi, terhitung lebih dari 90% kasus dan merupakan diagnosis terbanyak di FKTP Tahun 2019-2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan utilitas KBK melalui karakteristik peserta, kepatuhan dan rujukan di FKTP Kota Cimahi.Desain penelitian yang digunakan analisis kuantitatif komparatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang memenuhi syarat variabel dan menerima pelayanan di FKTP Kota Cimahi Tahun 2018 – 2020. Berdasarkan data sampel BPJS, Proporsi Peserta DM yang ada di Kota Cimahi sebanyak 14,08 % dari dan peserta DM Tipe 2 sebanyak 468 (77,74 %) peserta.Hasil penelitian pada kasus peserta JKN DM rerata usia (p value : 0,008), Jenis kelamin (p value:0,138), Kepatuhan (p value : 0,201) Distribusi rujukan (p value : 0,256) mencerminkan adanya perbedaan pada rerata usia sebelum dan sesudah penerapan kebijakan KBK dan tidak adanya perbedaan pada jenis kelamin, kepatuhan dan rujukan sebelum dan sesudah KBK di FKTP Kota Cimahi pada kasus peserta DM. Pada peserta JKN DM tipe 2 didapatkan rerata usia hasil (p value : 0,025), Jenis kelamin ( p value : 0,141 ), Kepatuhan (p value : 0,201), rujukan (p value : 0,746) dapat disimpulkan adanya perbedaan pada rerata usia sebelum dan sesudah kebijakan KBK dan tidak ada perbedaan jenis kelamin, kepatuhan dan rujukan pada peserta DM Tipe 2 di FKTP Kota Cimahi sebelum dan sesudah penerapan kebijakan KBK. Kebijakan KBK yang perlu dievaluasi ulang dalam pelayanan di FKTP yang mendorong efektifitas kualitas pelayanan sehingga peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) baik DM maupun DM Tipe 2 mendapatkan pelayanan yang terbaik.
Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Sitepu Lia Eriska Br , Akbar Andini , Gultom Parapat 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kompensasi dan dispilin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan motivasi sebagai variable moderasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel sebanyak 38 karyawan pada Kantor Camat Batang Serangan Kabupaten Langkat. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis SEM WarpPLS 7.0 digunakan dalam menjawab hipotesis dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian membuktikan disiplin kerja berdampak positif dan signifikan pada kinerja karyawan, kompensasi berdampak positif dan signifikan pada kinerja karyawan, motivasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, disiplin kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dimoderasi oleh motivasi, Kompensasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dimoderasi Oleh Motivasi.
Retorsion: An Underrated Retaliatory Measure Against Malign Cyber Operations
Authors: Spáčil Jakub 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The articles discusses the application of the concept of retorsion in relation to defensive measures against hostile cyber operations. Retorsion is a concept not regulated by international law, which gives the victim state a high degree of flexibility in its use. However, its limits are formed by the rules of international law (retorsion is an unfriendly act not prohibited by international law). The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part discusses the concept of retorsion in general terms and its relation to cyber operations, the second part defines the relationship between retorsion, countermeasures, plea of necessity and the right of self-defence, and the third part consists of in-depth analysis of states’ practice. The analysis of states’ practices includes both the actual measures that states have taken in response to cyber operations (e.g. expulsion of diplomats, economic sanctions, travel bans) and official statements on the issue that have been published, particularly in the period 2019–2022. Attention is also paid to the possibilities of using retorsion against cyber operations carried out by non-state actors.
A Comparative Study of Wartime Rapes: The Experience of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Ukraine
Authors: Ablamskyi Serhii , Çakar Ena Kazić , Hloviuk Iryna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite that they are tacitly accepted by many as an inevitable part of armed conflict, most of the international community condemns wartime rape and aims to prevent it. Although its preventive mechanisms were already developed nationally and internationally, wartime rape was perpetrated in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995), and is perpetrated in the war in Ukraine. This comparative study identifies patterns of wartime rapes in these two wars, as well as the analysis of the positive criminal codes of these two countries and the legal practice attendant thereto, in order to establish how they were regulated and what the criminal politics towards them is. Particularities of the experience with trialling wartime rapes in Bosnia and Herzegovina will be presented. These are presented as lessons Ukraine can benefit from, to fight against them, prevent them, and achieve justice most efficiently.
Sharing Shares with Employees: Tools and Empirical Evidence from Lithuania
Authors: Bitė Virginijus , Vasiliauskas Liutauras 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper discloses the situation, specifics, tendencies, and limitations of employers’ adjustment to employee financial participation (sharing shares) in companies in Lithuania. Three main tools are analyzed: the issuance of employee shares (known since 1990); a share granting (effective since 2018); and employee stock options. The empirical part of the paper is based on interviews conducted in 2019 and repeated in 2022–2023 with expert lawyers from Lithuanian law firms, alongside a survey of Lithuanian companies. The following aspects were analyzed: employers’ knowledge of the possibilities of involving employees in company management (activities); instruments used by employers to implement employee financial participation; reasons that prevent successful employee involvement and barriers from the perspective of employees; tax-related issues; and measures that could facilitate greater employee involvement within the company. The research results show that there is a tendency that promotion via shares is becoming more popular and that business culture is slowly evolving. Employee stock options are the most used instrument, surpassing the use of statutory tools to grant shares to employees.
Assessment of a Simplified Methodology for Preliminary Blast-Resistant Design of Insulated Precast Concrete Wall Panels
Authors: Alawad Omar M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A Blast loading history can be represented by the peak pressure value and the impulse. Combinations of pressure and impulse of various blast loading scenarios can be collected to draw a pressure-impulse (P-I) curve that corresponds to a level of damage of a blast-resistant structural component. The P-I curve is typically used for a preliminary design or assessment of blast resistance structural components. Generating a P I curve for a given structural component and level of protection requires repeatedly ru nning a single degree of freedom system (SDOF) model, which can be tedious for early design stages. Hence, a simplified approach (i.e., the normalization approach) was utilized to promptly generate the P- I curve for insulated precast concrete wall panels, which relies on shifting a control P I curve using normalization factors. The generated P-I curves using the normalization approach are validated with the traditional SDOF approach curves; 95% of the examined insulted panel configurations have an error between +/-7%. As a result of the reached low error percentages, a spreadsheet- design tool was developed using this approach. The tool can further enable rapid evaluation of the performance of insulated precast concrete panels under blast loading during the preliminary design phase.