bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the prognostic gene portfolio, ClinicoMolecular Triad Classification, using an independent prospective breast cancer cohort and external patient populations
Authors: Wang Dong-Yu , Done Susan J , Mc Cready David R , Leong Wey L 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Using genome-wide expression profiles of a prospective training cohort of breast cancer patients, ClinicoMolecular Triad Classification (CMTC) was recently developed to classify breast cancers into three clinically relevant groups to aid treatment decisions. CMTC was found to be both prognostic and predictive in a large external breast cancer cohort in that study. This study serves to validate the reproducibility of CMTC and its prognostic value using independent patient cohorts.

Methods
An independent internal cohort (n = 284) and a new external cohort (n = 2,181) were used to validate the association of CMTC between clinicopathological factors, 12 known gene signatures, two molecular subtype classifiers, and 19 oncogenic signalling pathway activities, and to reproduce the abilities of CMTC to predict clinical outcomes of breast cancer. In addition, we also updated the outcome data of the original training cohort (n = 147).

Results
The original training cohort reached a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in disease-free survivals between the three CMTC groups after an additional two years of follow-up (median = 55 months). The prognostic value of the triad classification was reproduced in the second independent internal cohort and the new external validation cohort. CMTC achieved even higher prognostic significance when all available patients were analyzed (n = 4,851). Oncogenic pathways Myc, E2F1, Ras and β-catenin were again implicated in the high-risk groups.

Conclusions
Both prospective internal cohorts and the independent external cohorts reproduced the triad classification of CMTC and its prognostic significance. CMTC is an independent prognostic predictor, and it outperformed 12 other known prognostic gene signatures, molecular subtype classifications, and all other standard prognostic clinicopathological factors. Our results support further development of CMTC portfolio into a guide for personalized breast cancer treatments.
In Situ Generated H2O2 over Supported Pd–Au Clusters in Hybrid Titania Nanocrystallites
Authors: Mehri Afef , Kochkar Hafedh 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Bimetallic Au–Pd clusters were successfully elaborated by selective deposition over citrate-functionalized TiO2 nanocrystallites. Anisotropic gold nanoparticles are obtained by adjusting the Pd/Au ratio. An original method to generate “in situ” H2O2 from formic acid and O2 is discussed and evaluated in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol as a model reaction.
Synthesis of New Earth-abundant Kesterite Cu2MgSnS4 Nanoparticles by Hot-injection Method
Authors: Wei Ming , Du Qingyang , Wang Rong , Jiang Guoshun , Liu Weifeng , Zhu Changfei 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A new earth-abundant element material Cu2MgSnS4 was synthesized by hot-injection methods. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy elucidated that as-prepared nanoparticles are Kesterite Cu2MgSnS4 without binary compounds coexisting. Scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy element mapping shows the copper, magnesium, tin, and sulfur elements distributed uniformly in the nanoparticles. The result of the UV–vis absorption spectra revealed that the Cu2MgSnS4 nanoparticles have an optical band gap of 1.63 eV, which is suitable for application in the field of photovoltaic cells.
Photochemical Property of a Myoglobin–CdTe Quantum Dot Conjugate Formed by Supramolecular Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Himiyama Tomoki , Onoda Akira , Hayashi Takashi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A myoglobin–cadmium telluride quantum dot (QD) conjugate was constructed via supramolecular host–guest interactions between a cyclodextrin molecule attached on QD and an adamantyl group covalently linked to the heme. Irradiation of the supramolecular myoglobin–cadmium telluride conjugate generated a photoreduced ferrous myoglobin species via an electron transfer from the photoexcited quantum dot, leading to the formation of CO-bound myoglobin under a CO atmosphere.
Facile Preparation of Highly Ordered Small Pore Mesoporous Silicas
Authors: Zhu Yan-Mei , Wang Ren-Liang , Zhang Wen-Ping , Ge Hai-Yan , Li Li 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Highly ordered small pore mesoporous silicas were synthesized by using a mixture of surfactants as a template. The surfactant system comprises short-chain cationic surfactant (decyltrimethylammonium bromide, denoted C10TMAB) and sodium salicylate (sodium o-hydroxybenzoate, denoted SS). Addition of SS into a C10TMAB system can effectively reduce the surfactant head-group repulsion by screening the electrostatic charge, optimizing the surfactant packing, thus facilitating the synthesis of highly ordered small pore mesoporous silicas.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Pyridyl-functionalized, Low-coordinate Phosphorus Heterocycles
Authors: Müller Christian , Sklorz Julian A W , de Krom Iris , Loibl Antonia , Habicht Marija , Bruce Marlene , Pfeifer Gregor , Wiecko Jelena 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This highlight review provides an overview of recent developments in the chemistry of pyridyl-functionalized λ3σ2-phosphinines and 3H-1,2,3,4-triazaphospholes. The access to novel chelating, low-coordinate phosphorus heterocycles can lead to a much broader scope for potential applications. New developments in areas such as homogeneous catalysis, molecular materials, and supramolecular chemistry can consequently be foreseen in the near future.
Effect of autoclave devitalization on autograft incorporation and bone morphogenetic protein of tibia in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Asmara Anak A.G.Y. , Kamal Achmad F. , Siregar Nurjati C. , Prasetyo Marcel 
Published: July 2014

Background: Heating process with autoclave is one of limb salvage modalities that are widely used. but the results are not satisfying, due to mechanical bone fragility. However, considering this treatment modality is widely accepted in terms of financial, religion and sociocultural aspects, we conducted a on study rats treated with resection and reconstruction with autoclave heating method to assess bone healing by sequential radiology, histopathologic osteoblasts count, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).Methods: Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups with one group being the autoclave group and others served as control group. In both groups, the tibial diaphysis was extracted en bloc for 7 mm. All groups were kept for 8 weeks and treated under the same condition except the autoclave group, where the extracted bones were put into autoclave at 134°C for 15 minutes and refixed again with k-wire. We performed radiological examination at 5th and 8th week using Lane and Sandhu radiological score. After extraction, the tibial bones were inspected for histological pattern using Salked modified score, osteoblast quantity counting and BMP-2 values.Results: There were statistically significant diffences between control and autoclave group on radiological score at 5th (5.12 ± 1.6 g vs 3.21 ± 2.42, p = 0.023) and 8th week (6.06 ± 1.71 vs 4.29 ± 2.53, p = 0.040), histological score between groups (6.06 ± 1.14 vs 4.14 ± 1.99, p = 0.005), osteoblast count (p < 0.001), and BMP-2 expression, respectively.Conclusion: Autoclave recycling autograft lowered the speed of graft incorporation and BMP-2 expression. Therefore, autoclave recycling autograft as a method of limb salvage surgery must be reevaluated and not considered to be applied for treatment in bone malignancy.
Evaluación antropométrica, ingesta dietética y nivel de actividad física en estudiantes de medicina de Santa Fe (Argentina)
Authors: Monsted Cecilia , Lazzarino María Sol , Modini Laura Beatriz , Zurbriggen Alicia , Fortino María Alejandra 
Published: July 2014

Introducción: la obesidad y la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) aumentan en todo el mundo y también en Argentina. Los estilos de vida, especialmente la dieta y la actividad física (AF), se plantean como claves en la prevención de estas patologías. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar en estudiantes de Medicina variables antropométricas, de ingesta dietética y nivel de actividad física, y valorar la posible asociación existente entre dichas variables.Material y métodos: estudio transversal en 141 estudiantes (21-31 años) de los tres últimos años de la carrera. Se evaluó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el % de grasa corporal (%GC) y la circunferencia abdominal (CA) y se clasificó a los sujetos según su riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) a partir de la CA. Se valoró la ingesta dietética mediante Registro 24h, cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo y se comparó el patrón de consumo con las Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina. Para la evaluación nutricional se usó la Tabla de Composición de Alimentos Argenfoods, y se comparó con las metas de la OMS para la Prevención de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles. El conjunto de la dieta se evaluó mediante el Índice de Calidad Dietética Internacional (DQI-I). La actividad física (AF) se evaluó según cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ). Se valoró la posible asociación entre las distintas variables antropométricas, la antropometría e ingesta, y la antropometría y actividad física.Resultados: el 3,5% fue obeso (31,7 ± 0,7 kg/m2) y 25,5% tuvo sobrepeso (26,8 ± 1,6 kg/m2); 27,7% mostró %GC aumentada (mujeres: 36,8 ± 3,4 %; hombres: 29,1 ± 3,4 %) y 14,9% límite (mujeres: 31,7 ± 0,7; hombres: 23,6 ± 3,4); 23,4% presentó RCV aumentado o muy aumentado según su CA (mujeres: 85,8 ± 5,6 cm; hombres: 101,4 ± 2,3 cm). Un 27,8% de individuos normopesos mostró %GC límite y aumentada (35,0 ± 0,9 %) y correspondió al sexo femenino. El RCV por CA aumentado o muy aumentado se asoció a IMC en ambos sexos (p=0,001, OR=6,24) y a %GC en mujeres (p=0,003, OR=4,57). La calidad dietética (DQI-I) fue buena sólo en un 5% y pobre en el 49,7% de los sujetos. Más del 50% no cumplió las metas de la OMS: los valores de grasas totales, saturadas, colesterol, azúcares simples y sal resultaron superiores, mientras la fibra fue inferior. En hombres, el IMC se asoció al consumo de grasas totales (p=0,03, OR=2,01) y colesterol (p=0,039, OR=3,43) mientras el %GC estuvo asociado al consumo de grasas totales (p=0,021, OR=1,65), saturadas (p=0,007, OR=2,76) y colesterol (p=0,04, OR=1,84). La AF fue: baja (39,7%), moderada (39,0%) e intensa (21,3%), y no se asoció a parámetros antropométricos.Conclusiones: en esta población universitaria la dieta inadecuada resultó el factor de riesgo de obesidad y ECV de mayor prevalencia. Le siguieron, en orden, el exceso de grasa corporal, la baja actividad física, el IMC elevado y el RCV asociado a la CA.
Sign changing solutions of the Hardy–Sobolev–Maz'ya equation
Authors: Ganguly Debdip 
Published: July 2014

Abstract.
In this article we will study the existence, multiplicity and Morse index of sign changing
solutions for the Hardy–Sobolev–Maz'ya (HSM) equation in bounded domain and involving critical growth.
We obtain infinitely many sign changing solutions for HSM equation.
We also establish an estimate on the Morse index for the sign changing solutions.
Muhammad und die frühe islamische Gemeinschaft aus historischer Sicht
Authors: Donner Fred M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The talk summarizes the traditional view of Islam's origins and its limitations, particularly the problem of deficient sources, and then sketches out differing revisionist approaches on Islam's origins and on the nature and early history of the Qur'an text. While skepticism about some information in the traditional Islamic narratives is warranted, it is also clear that these sources must be used, albeit critically, to reconstruct Islam's origins. The paper closes with a summary of a reconstruction, based mainly on parts of the Qur'an, that posits an early community of Believers dedicated to strict monotheism and adherence to stringent standards of piety in which Jews, Christians, and Qur'anic monotheists all played some part. The fluidity or porousness of confessional identities in the early community seems to have given way to stricter boundaries around 700 CE, when the core of the community redefined itself around the Qur'an and the figure of the prophet Muhammad to become Muslims in the classic sense.
Der Weg zum geschichtlichen Mohammed
Authors: Nagel Tilman 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper I explain the most important principle of research I followed in achieving my study on the life of Muhammad. The literary genre of hadith which did not come into being before the end of the seventh century AC must not be considered as a reliable source for the study of Muhammad's biography, since it reflects the theological and social developments of that subsequent epoch. Therefore research on the historical Muhammad has to be based on the koran.
The text of the koran embodies the evidence of a prophetic experience which lasted for more than two decades. The different meanings of rasūl and nabī are the starting-point of the exposition of the method underlying my biography of Muhammad. Some of the major consequences of this difference are analyzed, and I try to show its momentousness for understanding the historical prophet.
Den Orient begrifflich denken: Überlegungen zur Erforschung der arabisch-islamischen Geistesgeschichte
Authors: Tamer Georges 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The first part of this paper presents two contrary views on the Arab-Islamic culture : The first one claims the essential otherness of the Orient against the Occident, which causes the historian of cultures to focus more on differences than similarities between Arab-Islamic world, on one hand, and Europe which developed out of the Greek-Roman-Byzantine cultural traditions, on the other. In opposition, the other view stresses a poetic and mystical unity between the two cultural realms. According to this position, the spiritual aspects of Islam and the Orient are emphasized. In the second part, the author presents a new approach to deal with the Orient, based on conceptualizing predominant cultural phenomena which have direct impact on the life of societies. Through the investigation of the concept of time in the Qurʾān and influential Arab literary works, the paper attempts to demonstrate that questions about the relationship between cultures and peoples can be answered more accurately by analyzing the concepts which shape the mentality of the people.
To rehabilitate a theological treatise. Inqādh al-Bashar min al-Jabr wa-l-Qadar
Authors: Abdulsater Hussein Ali 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article deals with a theological treatise that has been wrongly ascribed to the Imāmī scholar al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā (d. 436/1044). The treatise discusses the question of human agency in relation to divine decree and determining, arguing for positions that, to a large extent, resemble Murtaḍā's known views. Nevertheless, the treatise also betrays features incompatible with Murtaḍā's theology as a whole, in addition to stylistic and bibliographical questions that make a good case against the work's authenticity. This wrong ascription, however, has not been noted despite the repeated editions of the text in the Islamic world. As such, it misrepresented many of Murtaḍā's views, sometimes undermining the main pillars of his theological system. The author of the treatise establishes his ethical concepts on the basis of scriptural dictates before proceeding to rational arguments, relies on non-multi-attested reports, defers to the authority of the Prophet's companions and culls God's names and attributes from the word of revelation. While going against Murtaḍā's positions, these views – put together – are considerably closer to non-Imāmī doctrines, and could have easily been the work of a Muʿtazilī author.
Involvement of medical experts in legal proceedings: an e-learning approach
Authors: Jacek Dygut , Płonka Sylwia , Roterman-Konieczna Irena 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
E-learning programs based on the “Virtual Patient” paradigm familiarize students with the process of combining information derived from different branches of medical science. In addition, medical practice often requires paralegal knowledge – for example, when determining the degree of disability or taking part in medical malpractice proceedings. This paper serves as an introduction to inclusion of modern IT tools in teaching curricula. Such tools are available to almost every student of medical sciences and frequently employ the “Virtual Patient” concept mentioned above. For the purposes of our study, we have prepared a selection of training materials using the CASUS software. The specific features of our study include involvement in legal proceedings based on a retrospective approach, i.e., reconstruction of past events.
Quantum binary polyhedral groups
and their actions on quantum planes
Authors: Chan Kenneth , Kirkman Ellen , Walton Chelsea , Zhang James J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We classify quantum analogues of actions of finite subgroups G of

SL
2

⁢

(
k
)

${\mathrm{SL}_{2}(k)}$

on commutative polynomial rings

k
⁢

[
u
,
v
]

${k[u,v]}$

. More precisely,
we produce a classification of pairs

(
H
,
R
)

${(H,R)}$

where H is a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra that acts inner faithfully and preserves
the grading of an Artin–Schelter regular algebra R of global dimension 2. Remarkably, the corresponding invariant rings

R
H

${R^{H}}$

share similar
regularity and Gorenstein properties as the invariant rings

k
⁢

[
u
,
v
]

G

${k[u,v]^{G}}$

in the classical setting. We also present several questions and directions
for expanding this work in noncommutative invariant theory.
Role of BCA in TIGER grant reviews: common errors and influence on the selection process
Authors: Homan Anthony C. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:As directed by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the US Department of Transportation (DOT) created the Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) discretionary grant program for surface transportation infrastructure projects. Through 2013, there have been five rounds of the grant program. TIGER uses a multi-step competitive application process to award surface transportation funds. TIGER applications are initially screened by US DOT’s staff of technical experts. For projects forwarded by the review team, US DOT economic experts then review the applicant’s benefit-cost analysis (BCA) and attempt to determine the likelihood that the benefits exceeded costs (i.e. not the applicant’s self-determination). The final awardees are then selected by a Review Team of Modal Administrators and DOT Office of the Secretary level officials. The purpose of this paper is to discuss many of the common errors in preparing, and issues in reviewing the applicant’s BCA and in making a net benefit determination. A secondary purpose is to determine if the most deserving projects, based on an applicant’s BCA and the likelihood that benefits exceeded costs, are more likely to receive grant funding. We do so for the second through the fifth rounds of the program.
“Relative Rates Method” for Evaluating the Effect of Potential Geological Environmental Change due to Uplift/Erosion to Radionuclide Migration of High-level Radioactive Waste
Authors: Ebashi Takeshi , Kawamura Makoto , Inagaki Manabu , Koo Shigeru , Shibata Masahiro , Itazu Toru , Nakajima Kunihiko , Miyahara Kaname , Apted Michael J 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe have developed a “Relative Rates Method” to make bounding calculations regarding radionuclide migration due to uplift/erosion (“exhumation”) of a HLW repository. Results show that this method can apply to a wide range of different uplift rates and erosion rates. In addition, for the long time period, it was shown that the relative difference of uplift rate / erosion rate and potential hydraulic change arising from extreme uplift/erosion could affect radionuclide release and migration, thus uplift/erosion concerns should be fed back to site selection. Our method provides a credible and defensible basis for analysis and interpretation of possible uplift/erosion impacts for future volunteer sites.
Diffusion Modeling in Compacted Bentonite Based on Modified Gouy-Chapman Model
Authors: Yotsuji Kenji , Tachi Yukio , Nishimaki Yuichirou 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe integrated sorption and diffusion (ISD) model has been developed to quantify radionuclide transport in compacted bentonite. The current ISD model, based on averaged pore aperture and the Gouy-Chapman electric double layer (EDL) theory can quantitatively account for diffusion of monovalent cations and anions under a wide range of conditions (e.g., salinity, bentonite density). To improve the applicability of the current ISD model for multivalent ions and complex species, the excluded volume effect and the dielectric saturation effect were incorporated into the current model, and the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equations were numerically solved. These modified models had little effect on the calculation of effective diffusivity of Sr2+/Cs+/I−. On the other hand, the model, modified considering the effective electric charge of hydrated ions, calculated using the Gibbs free energy of hydration, agreed well with the diffusion data including those of Sr2+.
Evolution of corrosion parameters in a buried pilot nuclear waste container in el Cabril
Authors: Andrade Carmen , Briz Samuel , Sanchez Javier , Zuloaga Pablo , Navarro Mariano , Ordoñez Manuel 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTModern concrete has a record of good performance of around 120 years although there are structures in perfect conservation made with roman concrete (mixture of lime and natural pozzolans). El Cabril repository has a design life of 300-500 years and therefore, it should keep its integrity much longer than the back experience we have on reinforced concrete structures, which makes necessary a closer monitoring with time on the aging of concrete in real conditions. With this purpose, Enresa has designed in collaboration with IETcc and Geocisa the installation of permanent sensors in a pilot nuclear waste container in buried conditions. The sensors were installed in 1995 for monitoring corrosion parameters and have been working until present. The non-destructive tests (NDT) applied are based in electrochemical measurements (corrosion rate, corrosion potential, electrical resistivity, concrete strains, oxygen availability). Relations between the climatic influence, the buried depth and the corrosion parameters are also presented. The results indicate that temperature is a very relevant variable influencing the measurements. All the other parameters evolve according to seasonal changes. Values of activation energies of the resistivity changes are given although it seems more adequate to model the evolution with time by simply plotting the values registered at 20 ± 2 °C.
Towards a more Realistic Experimental Protocol for the Study of Atmospheric Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Container Materials
Authors: Cook A.B. , Gu B. , Lyon S.B. , Newman R.C. , Engelberg D.L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of Atmospheric chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (AISCC) under wetted deposits of MgCl2 or sea-salt at 70°C has been investigated at various Relative Humidities (RH). The appearance of AISCC is a function of the environmental RH. At 33% RH (the deliquescence point of MgCl2), AISCC generated under MgCl2 or sea-salt deposits is of a similar appearance with regards to the number of cracks produced and average crack length. At 50% RH sea-salt seems to be more aggressive at least in terms of crack frequency. This observation may highlight the significance of carnallite (KMgCl3.6H2O) in promoting AISCC in types 304L and 316L stainless steels. The use of accelerated testing methods to validate apparent thresholds in chloride deposition density and other critical factors that influence the initiation and propagation of AISCC is briefly discussed.