bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Classification Tool to Determine Groups of Women That Contribute to the Cesarean Section Rate: Establishing a Baseline for Clinical Decision Making and Quality Improvement
Authors: Slavin Valerie , Fenwick Jennifer 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:To identify the groups of women who are the largest contributors to the cesarean section rate at a maternity facility in South East Queensland, Australia. Examining the characteristics of these women will allow the development of unit-focused initiatives aimed at reducing cesarean sections in these groups of women.METHOD:A modified version of the Robson Ten Group Classification System was identified as the most appropriate tool to determine cesarean section rates in different groups of women. A prospective clinical audit was then carried out during a 6-month period in 2010 using the tool.FINDINGS:The Robson Ten Group Classification System identified that planned repeat cesarean section was the largest contributor to the cesarean rate. This was followed by women having their first baby, women having an induction, and women who have a breech presentation at term.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:The Robson classification tool was useful in identifying groups of women at risk of a cesarean section. Unit-specific strategies can now be developed and implemented in an effort to lower the rate. These include increasing the vaginal birth after cesarean rate, the uptake of external cephalic version, supporting nonintervention birth environments, and implementing models of care where clinicians are skilled in facilitating normal birth. The value of using such a tool is the ability to monitor change over time as well as facilitating the comparison of data between units of a similar nature.
Women’s Perceptions of Contributory Factors for Successful Vaginal Birth After Cesarean
Authors: Godden Brodie , Hauck Yvonne , Hardwick Tasmin , Bayes Sara 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND:In July 2008, a new midwife-led “Next Birth After Cesarean” (NBAC) service was launched at King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEMH) in Perth, Western Australia. Midwives from the NBAC service provide antenatal care, evidence-based information about birth choices, tailored birth preparation classes, and assistance with developing birth plans to pregnant women who have had a previous cesarean birth.OBJECTIVE:To determine the contributory factors that women who were cared for by the NBAC service and experienced a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) perceived to be associated with achieving their desired mode of birth.METHODS:A qualitative descriptive approach was used for this study in which semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 participant women who have achieved a VBAC and were analyzed using a modified “constant comparison” technique.FINDINGS:Two key themes reflecting personal and professional factors comprising eight subthemes emerged from analysis of interview data.CONCLUSIONS:These findings offer a unique perspective on the phenomenon of achieving a VBAC and provide maternity care practitioners and policy makers around the world with valuable insights into how the care environment might be enhanced for women who would prefer a vaginal birth after their previous cesarean section.
Few Adverse Reactions to Metal on Metal Articulation in Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Review Study on 358 Consecutive Cases with 1 to 5 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Stürup Jens , Dahl Line B , Jensen Karl-Erik , Larsen Anne-Birgitte , Gebuhr Peter 
Published: August 2012

The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of adverse reaction to metal on metal total hip
arthroplasty using a M2a-38 articulation and a Magnum articulation, (Biomet Warsaw, Indiana).
All patients who had received a Metal on Metal bearing prosthesis, in two centres in Copenhagen, were asked to complete
a questionnaire about groin pain. Patients with self-reported groin pain, 68/314, underwent a physical examination and
had Co and Cr ion levels measured in full blood samples. Fifty patients also had a CT scan performed.
The present study found one patient with bilateral arthroplasty, who had an adverse reaction on one side. In addition the
study showed that females had higher values of Co and Cr, and that younger patient reported groin pain more often.
The conclusion of this study is that the number of adverse reactions is low, despite the time of observation being relatively
short, no high frequency of adverse reactions to this prosthesis is expected.
Simplified procedure for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate following intravenous administration of iodixanol in cats
Authors: Katayama Rieko , Saito Jun , Katayama Masaaki , Yamagishi Norio , Yamashita Tetsuro , Kato Masaki , Furuhama Kazuhisa 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare the use of a single-sample method involving IV administration of iodixanol with a multisample method involving inulin for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats.
Animals—24 cats, including 15 healthy cats and 9 cats with naturally occurring renal diseases.
Procedures—Each cat was coadministered iodixanol (a nonionic contrast medium; dose providing 40 mg of I/kg) and inulin (50 mg/kg), IV, and blood samples were collected 60, 90, and 120 minutes later. Serum iodixanol and inulin concentrations were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography and colorimetry, respectively. Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were also measured.
Results—Analysis of the data from healthy cats and cats with naturally occurring renal diseases revealed an excellent correlation between GFR values estimated by the multisample and single-sample methods with iodixanol. Likewise, GFR values estimated from the single-sample method with iodixanol were closely correlated with those calculated from the multisample method with inulin.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For estimation of GFR in cats, use of a single-sample method with iodixanol, instead of a multisample procedure, may be an expedient tool in both clinical and research settings because of its benefits to patient well-being as a result of reduced stress associated with blood sample collection.
Hind limb kinematics during therapeutic exercises in dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints
Authors: Bockstahler Barbara A. , Prickler Bettina , Lewy Elisabeth , Holler Peter J. , Vobornik Angela , Peham Christian 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To assess joint kinematics in dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints during walking up an incline or down a decline and over low obstacles and to compare findings with data for nonlame dogs.
Animals—10 dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints (mean ± SD age, 6.95 ± 3.17 years; mean body weight, 34.33 ± 13.58 kg) and 8 nonlame dogs (3.4 ± 2.0 years; 23.6 ± 4.6 kg).
Procedures—Reflective markers located on the limbs and high-speed cameras were used to record joint kinematics during walking up an incline or down a decline and over low obstacles. Maximal flexion, extension, and range of motion of the hip joints were calculated.
Results—Osteoarthritis of the hip joints reduced extension of both hip joints and flexion of the contralateral hind limb, compared with flexion of the lame hind limb, during walking down a decline. Walking up an incline resulted in decreased extension of the stifle joint in both hind limbs of osteoarthritic dogs; extension was significantly decreased for the lame hind limb. During walking over low obstacles, maximal flexion of the stifle joint was increased significantly for the contralateral hind limb. Maximal flexion was increased in both tarsal joints.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Osteoarthritis of the hip joints led to complex changes in the gait of dogs, which involved more joints than the affected hip joint alone. Each exercise had specific effects on joint kinematics that must be considered when planning a rehabilitation program.
Ultrasonography and noncontrast computed tomography of medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes in healthy cats
Authors: Nemanic Sarah , Nelson Nathan C. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine various measurements of medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRPLNs) in healthy cats via ultrasonography and CT.
Animals—45 cats (age range, 2 to 8 years).
Procedures—Cats underwent CT of the head and ultrasonography of the cervical region. Various measurements of MRPLNs were obtained, and parenchymal heterogeneity, presence of a hilus, appearance of margins, and attenuation of MRPLNs were determined.
Results—Data for 7 cats were excluded because they did not meet inclusion criteria; data for 38 cats were evaluated. Measurements of left and right MRPLNs were not significantly different. Mean length × rostral height × rostral width dimensions of MRPLNs were 20.7 × 12.4 × 3.7 mm and 20.7 × 13.1 × 4.7 mm in ultrasonographic and CT images, respectively. Maximum MRPLN dimensions were approximately 32 × 20 × 7 mm. Mean attenuation of MRPLNs was 40.2 Hounsfield units. Parenchyma of MRPLNs was mildly (via CT) to moderately (via ultrasonography) heterogeneous. A hilus was identified in 95% (via ultrasonography) and 24% or 92% (via CT [depending on criteria used to define a hilus]) of MPRLNs. Lymph node margins were smooth in CT images and mildly irregular in ultrasonographic images. A negative linear correlation was detected between age of cat and MRPLN volume.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—MRPLNs in cats were easily imaged via ultrasonography and CT. Left and right MRPLNs were symmetric, and MRPLNs were larger in young adult cats versus old cats. Data were intended to serve as references for evaluation of MRPLNs in healthy cats.
Effects of continuous or intermittent lipopolysaccharide administration for 48 hours on the systemic inflammatory response in horses
Authors: Tadros Elizabeth M. , Frank Nicholas 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether the method of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration (intermittent vs continuous) affects the magnitude and duration of the systemic inflammatory response in horses and whether prolonged (48 hours) endotoxemia induces laminitis.
Animals—12 healthy adult horses (10 mares and 2 geldings).
Procedures—Horses were randomly assigned to receive LPS (total dose, 80 μg; n = 4) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (80 mL/h; 4) via constant rate infusion or 8 bolus IV injections of LPS (10 μg, q 6 h;4) during a 48-hour period. Physical examinations were performed every 4 hours, inflammatory cytokine gene expression was determined for blood samples obtained every 8 hours, and IV glucose tolerance tests were performed.
Results—All LPS-treated horses had signs of depression and mild colic; those signs abated as the study progressed. Administration of LPS increased expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, but results were not significantly different between LPS treatment groups. Cytokine expression was significantly higher on the first day versus the second day of LPS treatment. Interleukin-1β expression was positively correlated with rectal temperature and expression of other cytokines. Glucose and insulin dynamics for both LPS groups combined did not differ significantly from those of the saline solution group. Signs of laminitis were not detected in any of the horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses developed LPS tolerance within approximately 24 hours after administration was started, and the method of LPS administration did not affect the magnitude or duration of systemic inflammation. Laminitis was not induced in horses.
Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in dogs infected with various vector-borne pathogens and in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
Authors: Karagianni Anna E. , Solano-Gallego Laia , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Gaschen Frédéric P. , Day Michael J. , Trotta Michele , Wieland Barbara , Allenspach Karin 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (pANCA) in dogs with confirmed or suspected immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) or dogs infected with various vector-borne pathogens, including Rickettsia rickettsii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Leishmania infantum.
Animals—55 dogs with confirmed or suspected IMHA, 140 dogs seroreactive for vector-borne pathogens, and 62 healthy dogs and dogs seronegative for vector-borne pathogens.
Procedures—Samples were allocated to subgroups on the basis of the health status of the dogs and the degree of seroreactivity against various vector-borne pathogens. Serum samples were tested retrospectively via indirect immunofluorescence assay to determine pANCA status.
Results—26 of 55 (47%) dogs with confirmed or suspected IMHA and 67 of 140 (48%) dogs seroreactive for vector-borne pathogens had positive results when tested for pANCA. Serum samples with the highest antibody concentrations against L infantum antigen had the highest proportion (28/43 [65%]) that were positive for pANCA. One of 20 (5%) dogs seronegative for tick-borne pathogens and 8 of 22 (36%) dogs seronegative for L infantum had positive results for pANCA. One of 20 (5%) healthy dogs had serum antibodies against pANCA.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—pANCA were detected in a high percentage of dogs with IMHA and vector-borne infectious diseases. Therefore, pANCA may be a relatively nonspecific marker for dogs with inflammatory bowel disease, although they could represent a biomarker for immune-mediated diseases and infections.
Expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and interferon-γ in blood samples obtained from healthy and sick neonatal foals
Authors: Castagnetti Carolina , Mariella Jole , Pirrone Alessandro , Cinotti Stefano , Mari Gaetano , Peli Angelo 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate and compare the gene expression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-8, and interferon-γ during the first 72 hours after birth in healthy foals and during the first 72 hours after hospitalization in sick neonatal foals and investigate correlations of clinicopathologic variables with cytokine expressions in healthy and sick neonatal foals.
Animals—33 foals < 7 days old (10 healthy foals, 7 foals with sepsis, 6 foals with peripartum asphyxia syndrome, and 12 foals with other diseases [2 with failure of passive transfer of immunity only were not further evaluated]).
Procedures—A blood sample (15 mL) was collected from each foal immediately after birth or hospital admission (0 hours) and at 24 and 72 hours later. Clinicopathologic variables were evaluated, and cytokine gene expression in WBCs was measured with an absolute quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay.
Results—At all time points, gene expression of interferon-γ was low in all groups. No time-dependent changes in cytokine expressions were detected in healthy or sick foals. Foals with sepsis had significantly higher IL-1β gene expression than did healthy foals, foals with peripartum asphyxia syndrome, or foals with other diseases. At 0 hours, IL-1β expression was correlated with plasma fibrinogen concentration in healthy foals and with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in foals with sepsis; IL-8 expression was correlated with monocyte count in foals with sepsis and with arterial pH, plasma fibrinogen concentration, and plasma lactate concentration in foals with peripartum asphyxia syndrome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data have suggested that evaluation of IL-1β expression in sick neonatal foals could help identify those with sepsis.
Effects of administration of two growth hormone–releasing hormone plasmids to gilts on sow and litter performance for the subsequent three gestations
Authors: Brown Patricia A. , Khan Amir S. , Draghia-Akli Ruxandra , Pope Melissa A. , Bodles-Brakhop Angela M. , Kern Douglas R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether a novel optimized plasmid carrying the porcine growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) wild-type cDNA administered at a lower dose was as effective at eliciting physiologic responses as a commercial GHRH plasmid approved for use in Australia.
Animals—134 gilts.
Procedures—Estrus was synchronized and gilts were bred. Pregnant gilts were assigned to 2 treatment groups (40 gilts/group) or 1 untreated control group (24 gilts). Gilts in one of the treatment groups received the commercial GHRH plasmid, whereas gilts in the other treatment group received a novel optimized GHRH plasmid; both plasmids were administered IM in the right hind limb, which was followed by electroporation. Sow and litter performance were monitored for the 3 gestations after treatment.
Results—A significant increase in insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations, decrease in perinatal mortality rate, increase in the number of pigs born alive, and increase in the weight and number of pigs weaned were detected for both groups receiving the GHRH-expressing plasmids, compared with values for the control group. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in sow attrition in GHRH-treated females, compared with attrition in the control group, during the 3 gestations after treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both of the GHRH plasmids provided significant benefits for sow performance and baby pig survivability for pregnant and lactating sows and their offspring during the 3 gestations after treatment, compared with results for untreated control gilts. Use of a novel optimized plasmid reduced the effective plasmid dose in these large mammals.
Neurotoxic effects of ivermectin administration in genetically engineered mice with targeted insertion of the mutated canine ABCB1 gene
Authors: Orzechowski Krystyna L. , Swain Marla D. , Robl Martin G. , Tinaza Constante A. , Swaim Heidi L. , Jones Yolanda L. , Myers Michael J. , Yancy Haile F. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To develop in genetically engineered mice an alternative screening method for evaluation of P-glycoprotein substrate toxicosis in ivermectin-sensitive Collies.
Animals—14 wild-type C57BL/6J mice (controls) and 21 genetically engineered mice in which the abcb1a and abcb1b genes were disrupted and the mutated canine ABCB1 gene was inserted.
Procedures—Mice were allocated to receive 10 mg of ivermectin/kg via SC injection (n = 30) or a vehicle-only formulation of propylene glycol and glycerol formal (5). Each was observed for clinical signs of toxic effects from 0 to 7 hours following drug administration.
Results—After ivermectin administration, considerable differences were observed in drug sensitivity between the 2 types of mice. The genetically engineered mice with the mutated canine ABCB1 gene had signs of severe sensitivity to ivermectin, characterized by progressive lethargy, ataxia, and tremors, whereas the wild-type control mice developed no remarkable effects related to the ivermectin.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The ivermectin sensitivity modeled in the transgenic mice closely resembled the lethargy, stupor, disorientation, and loss of coordination observed in ivermectin-sensitive Collies with the ABCB1–1Δ mutation. As such, the model has the potential to facilitate toxicity assessments of certain drugs for dogs that are P-glycoprotein substrates, and it may serve to reduce the use of dogs in avermectin derivative safety studies that are part of the new animal drug approval process.
Renal effects of carprofen and etodolac in euvolemic and volume-depleted dogs
Authors: Surdyk Kathryn K. , Sloan Dawn L. , Brown Scott A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of carprofen and etodolac on renal function in euvolemic dogs and dogs with extracellular fluid volume depletion induced via administration of furosemide.
Animals—12 female Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs received a placebo, furosemide, carprofen, etodolac, furosemide and carprofen, and furosemide and etodolac. The order in which dogs received treatments was determined via a randomization procedure. Values of urine specific gravity, various plasma biochemical variables, glomerular filtration rate (GFR [urinary clearance of creatinine]), and renal plasma flow (urinary clearance of para-aminohippuric acid) were determined before and after 8 days of drug administration. A washout time of approximately 12 days was allowed between treatment periods.
Results—Administration of furosemide, furosemide and carprofen, and furosemide and etodolac caused changes in urine specific gravity and values of plasma biochemical variables. Administration of carprofen or etodolac alone did not have a significant effect on renal plasma flow or GFR. Concurrent administration of furosemide and carprofen or furosemide and etodolac caused a significant decrease in GFR. After 12-day washout periods, mean values of GFR were similar to values before drug administration for all treatments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated GFR decreased after 8 days of concurrent administration of furosemide and carprofen or furosemide and etodolac to dogs. Administration of preferential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors to dogs with extracellular fluid volume depletion or to dogs treated with diuretics may transiently impair renal function.
Ischemic stroke appearing as a tumor
Authors: Mahta Ali , Kaasam Sriveer , Kesari Santosh 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHerein, we report a case of a patient who initially presented with hemiparesis but later on developed focal seizures. The imaging was concerning for a mass lesion, however; a significant clinical and radiologic improvement was noted after a few weeks. Cortical ischemia can continue to enhance, which can confound clinical management.
Soluble forms of tau are toxic in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kopeikina Katherine , Hyman Bradley , Spires-Jones Tara 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAccumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), intracellular inclusions of fibrillar forms of tau, is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. NFT have been considered causative of neuronal death, however, recent evidence challenges this idea. Other species of tau, such as soluble misfolded, hyperphosphorylated, and mislocalized forms, are now being implicated as toxic. Here we review the data supporting soluble tau as toxic to neurons and synapses in the brain and the implications of these data for development of therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies.