bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of uncertainty (probabilistic models) in verification of unreinforced masonry shear wall / Charakterisierung der Unschärfe (probabilistische Modelle) beim Nachweis von Wandscheiben aus unbewehrtem Mauerwerk
Authors: Montazerolghaem Mahdi , Jäger Wolfram 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe model uncertainty has significant role in determination of safety factor. Eurocode has been considered partial factor covering uncertainties in the resistance model. Moreover, the model uncertainty has important role in full probabilistic verification. A stochastic analysis may yield to realistic results, only if the uncertainties have been involved in the calculation, properly.The uncertainty in predicted load‐carrying model may be identified by comparing the observed (experimental records) load‐carrying behaviour with the predicted value. Some general recommendations for considering uncertainty in probabilistic verifications are available in literature. In this study, the deviation of predicted values according to DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA model of masonry shear wall from test results has been derived. The best‐fitted distribution with associated statistical parameters (type of distribution, mean and coefficient of variation) has been proposed for uncertainty model. The uncertainty models have been compared with recommendations in the literature.
Minimum surcharge load of URM walls under flexure and axial force / Mindestauflast bei Biegung mit Normalkraft
Authors: Jäger Wolfram , Montazerolghaem Mahdi , Hauschild Carola 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper suggests a detailed parametric study, which has been drawn up in connection with the question of the necessity of verification of masonry wall by a minimum vertical load subject to bending and normal force by the author and his team [7]. It assumes the actual eccentricities from supporting due floors and takes into account the second order theory in middle of wall according to DIN EN 1996‐1‐1 or the German NA. In some cases, the model is derived for very high wind loads to its limits. Using the arch model which is introduced in DIN EN 1996‐1‐1 and may be applied by NA, is helpful and effective. This method may provide higher capacity rather than for example, with the bar or plate model.In this article the verification by means of the arch model will be presented and discussed. It is also shown that, forming an arch opposing to the horizontal wind load and low vertical loads may not come to a stability failure.
An example of phenotypic adherence to the island rule? – Anticosti gray jays are heavier but not structurally larger than mainland conspecifics
Authors: Strickland Dan , Norris D. Ryan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe island rule refers to the tendency of small vertebrates to become larger when isolated on islands and the frequent dwarfing of large forms. It implies genetic control, and a necessary linkage, of size and body‐mass differences between insular and mainland populations. To examine the island rule, we compared body size and mass of gray jays (Perisoreus canadensis) on Anticosti Island, Québec, located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, with three mainland populations (2 in Québec and 1 in Ontario). Although gray jays on Anticosti Island were ca 10% heavier, they were not structurally larger, than the three mainland populations. This suggests that Anticosti jays are not necessarily genetically distinct from mainland gray jays and that they may have achieved their greater body masses solely through packing more mass onto mainland‐sized body frames. As such, they may be the first‐known example of a proposed, purely phenotypic initial step in the adherence to the island rule by an insular population. Greater jay body mass is probably advantageous in Anticosti's high‐density, intensely competitive social environment that may have resulted from the island's lack of mammalian nest predators.
IR Spectra and DFT Calculations of ­M–η2‐(NC)–CH3, CH3–MNC, and CH2=M(H)NC Prepared by Reactions of Laser‐Ablated Hf and Ti Atoms with Aceto­nitrile
Authors: Cho Han‐Gook , Andrews Lester 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLaser‐ablated Hf and Ti atoms produce M–η2‐(NC)–CH3, CH3–MNC, and CH2=M(H)NC in reactions with acetonitrile, parallel to the earlier Zr results, based on isotopic substitution and frequencies computed by DFT. These products are the most stable components in the previously proposed reaction path for reactions of metal atoms with acetonitrile, in line with the observed products in other metal systems and DFT calculations. Other plausible products [CH3CN–M and CH≡M(H2)NC] are energetically too high to be generated in reactions of the group 4 metals. The group 4 metals form strong π complexes with the nitrile group as they do with acetylene and ethylene. The methylidenes are slightly more agostic due to the metal‐containing conjugation system than those produced from small alkanes and methyl halides. Relativistic contraction is also evident in that the Hf bonds are shorter than the Zr bonds.
Substrate‐Mediated Deactivation of a Ru(PtBu2NBn2) Cooperative Complex
Authors: Bow John‐Paul J. , Boyle Paul D. , Blacquiere Johanna M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLigand design for metal–ligand cooperative (MLC) catalysis is inherently more complex than that for traditional non‐cooperative ligands. The basicity, sterics and structure of the acid/base group in MLC proton‐transfer (PT) complexes, for instance, undoubtedly influence catalyst performance. Herein, we evaluate the highly tunable PR2NR′2 (1,5‐R′‐3,7‐R‐1,5‐diaza‐3,7‐diphosphacyclooctane) ligand family for the first time in an organic transformation. With [Ru(Cp)(PtBu2NBn2)(MeCN)][PF6] as the catalyst, no turnover was observed in the anti‐Markovnikov hydration of alkynes, a known PT MLC reaction. Treatment of the cooperative complex with phenylacetylene affords a vinylammonium product in which the pendant nitrogen atom of the PtBu2NBn2 ligand forms a Lewis acid–base adduct with the alpha‐carbon atom of the vinylidene intermediate. Characterization by X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy conclusively assign this structure in both the solid and the solution state. The adduct formation is irreversible, and the adduct is characterized as a catalyst deactivation product.
Now you see it, now you don't: Explaining inconsistent evidence on gender stereotyping of newborns
Authors: Thielmann Isabel , Erdfelder Edgar , Stahlberg Dagmar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractParental gender‐stereotyped perceptions of newborns—particularly their physical characteristics—have been discussed as important determinants of sex role socialization from birth on. However, corresponding empirical evidence is inconclusive. We propose that inconsistent findings on gender‐correlated perceptions are due to whether or not actual physical differences between newborn girls and boys are properly (statistically or experimentally) taken into account. In our study, 55 mother–father pairs rated both their own and two unknown newborns, labeled either female or male. Although we successfully replicated the typical gender‐correlated perceptions of own newborns' physical characteristics, all effects were explainable by actual physical sex differences in length and weight at birth. Similarly, no gender‐specific rating differences emerged as a function of labeled gender of unknown children matched in actual physical characteristics. Altogether, the findings demonstrate the vital importance of considering existing sex differences between newborn girls and boys for drawing valid conclusions on gender stereotyping of newborns.
Development of Electrochemical Paper‐based Glucose Sensor Using Cellulose‐4‐aminophenylboronic Acid‐modified Screen‐printed Carbon Electrode
Authors: Rungsawang Tipawan , Punrat Eakkasit , Adkins Jaclyn , Henry Charles , Chailapakul Orawon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe present work describes the fabrication of paper‐based analytical devices (μPADs) by immobilization of glucose oxidase onto the screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the electrochemical glucose detection. The sensitivity towards glucose was improved by using a SPCE prepared from homemade carbon ink mixed with cellulose acetate. In addition, 4‐aminophenylboronic acid (4‐APBA) was used as a redox mediator giving a lower detection potential for improvement selectivity. Under optimized condition, the detection limit was 0.86 mM. The proposed device was applied in real samples. This μPAD has many advantages including low sample consumption, rapid analysis method, and low device cost.
Highly‐sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Cd2+ and Pb2+ Based on the Synergistic Enhancement of Exfoliated Graphene Nanosheets and Bismuth
Authors: Wang Jiao , Chen Xuerong , Wu Kangbing , Zhang Miao , Huang Wensheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGraphene nanosheets (GS) were prepared via ultrasonic exfoliation, and used to modify glass carbon electrode (GCE). Compared with GCE, the GS‐modified GCE (GS/GCE) greatly increased the anodic stripping peak currents of Cd2+ and Pb2+. Moreover, the response signals of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on GS/GCE further enhanced remarkably in the presence of Bi3+. Based on the synergistic enhancement effects of GS and Bi3+, a novel electrochemical sensor was developed for Cd2+ and Pb2+. The detection limits were 0.35 and 0.045 μg L−1 for Cd2+ and Pb2+. It was used in food sample analysis, and the accuracy was tested by ICP‐MS.
68Ga‐DOTA‐peptide: A novel molecular biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Khor Lih Kin , Loi Hoi Yin , Sinha Arvind Kumar , Tong Kian Ti , Goh Boon Cher , Loh Kwok Seng , Lu Suat‐Jin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundIncreased somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression in patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been demonstrated with receptor autoradiography, 111In‐Octreotide scintigraphy, and 68Ga‐DOTA‐TOC positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. We sought to compare and correlate the uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and DOTA‐NOC in undifferentiated NPC to ascertain the possible role of 68Ga‐DOTA‐NOC PET/CT as a new imaging biomarker and to assess whether targeted peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is a feasible treatment option.MethodsAfter obtaining approval from our institutional review board, 4 patients with biopsy proven nonkeratinizing undifferentiated NPC who had just undergone routine staging/restaging 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging were prospectively and consecutively recruited for 68Ga‐DOTA‐NOC PET/CT imaging. Of these 4 patients, 3 were newly diagnosed with untreated NPC, whereas 1 patient was diagnosed with a case of recurrent NPC with previous treatment. These patients subsequently underwent 68Ga‐DOTA‐NOC PET/CT within 10 days from the 18F‐FDG PET/CT to ensure lesion comparability. Tracer uptake in tumor lesions were assessed visually and semiquantitatively by measuring maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax).ResultsThere were 12 FDG‐avid lesions of which 7 showed avid uptake of DOTA‐NOC greater than liver uptake, whereas 5 showed low uptake of DOTA‐NOC less than liver uptake. Subset analysis of the FDG‐avid lesions at the primary and recurrent sites showed that all the FDG‐avid primary tumors in the nasopharynx showed avid uptake of DOTA‐NOC. On the contrary, the case of recurrent NPC showed avid FDG uptake but low DOTA‐NOC uptake. Subset analysis of the suspicious FDG‐avid cervical lymph nodes showed that 50% of them demonstrated avid DOTA‐NOC uptake greater than liver uptake, whereas the remaining demonstrated low‐grade DOTA‐NOC uptake less than liver uptake. The 2 subcentimeter cervical lymph nodes that showed low‐grade uptake of FDG lower than mediastinal blood pool activity were deemed to be reactive/inflammatory and showed low‐grade uptake of DOTA‐NOC.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of 68Ga‐DOTA‐peptide PET/CT as a new molecular biomarker for newly diagnosed undifferentiated NPC, and less so for recurrent NPC and metastatic nodes. This potentially opens up new diagnostic and therapeutic options in the management of undifferentiated NPC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E76–E80, 2016
Establishment of a bioluminescence model for microenvironmentally induced oral carcinogenesis with implications for screening bioengineered scaffolds
Authors: Suliman Salwa , Parajuli Himalaya , Sun Yang , Johannessen Anne Christine , Finne–Wistrand Anna , McCormack Emmet , Mustafa Kamal , Costea Daniela Elena 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundMicroenvironmental cues play a major role in head and neck cancer. Biodegradable scaffolds used for bone regeneration might also act as stimulative cues for head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study was to establish an experimental model for precise and noninvasive evaluation of tumorigenic potential of microenvironmental cues in head and neck cancer.MethodsBioluminescence was chosen to image tumor formation. Early neoplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cells were luciferase‐transduced (DOKLuc), then tested in nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient IL2rγnull mice either orthotopically (tongue) or subcutaneously for their potential as “screening sensors” for diverse microenvironmental cues.ResultsTumors formed after inoculation of DOKLuc were monitored easier by bioluminescence, and bioluminescence was more sensitive in detecting differences between various microenvironmental cues when compared to manual measurements. Development of tumors from DOKLuc grown on scaffolds was also successfully monitored noninvasively by bioluminescence.ConclusionThe model presented here is a noninvasive and sensitive model for monitoring the impact of various microenvironmental cues on head and neck cancer in vivo. © 2015 The Authors Head & Neck Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1177–E1187, 2016
Using LM‐OSL of quartz to distinguish sediments derived from surface‐soil and channel erosion
Authors: Haddadchi Arman , Olley Jon , Pietsch Timothy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study describes the use of linearly modulated optically stimulated luminescence (LM‐OSL) to distinguish surface‐soil derived sediments from those derived from channel bank erosion. LM‐OSL signals from quartz extracted from 15 surface‐soil and five channel bank samples were analysed and compared to signals from samples collected from two downstream river sites. Discriminant analysis showed that the detrapping probabilities of fast, first slow and second slow components of the LM‐OSL signal can be used to differentiate between the samples collected from the channel bank and surface‐soil sources. We show that for each of these source end members these components are all normally distributed. These distributions are then used to estimate the relative contribution of surface‐soil derived and channel bank derived sediment to the river bed sediments. The results indicate that channel bank derived sediments dominate the sediment sources at both sites, with 90.1 ± 3% and 91.9 ± 1.9% contributions. These results are in agreement with a previous study which used measurements of137Cs and210Pbexfallout radionuclides to estimate the relative contribution from these two sources. This result shows that LM‐OSL may be a useful method, at least in the studied catchment, to estimate the relative contribution of surface soil and channel erosion to river sediments. However, further research in different settings is required to test the difference of OSL signals in distinguishing these sediment sources. And if generally acceptable, this technique may provide an alternative to the use of fallout radionuclides for source tracing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining the effects of freshwater inflow on benthic macrofauna in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida
Authors: Palmer Terence A , Montagna Paul A , Chamberlain Robert H , Doering Peter H , Wan Yongshan , Haunert Kathleen M , Crean Daniel J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Florida legislation requires determining and implementing an appropriate range and frequency of freshwater inflows that will sustain a fully functional estuary. Changes in inflow dynamics to the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida have altered salinity regimes that, in turn, have altered the ecological integrity of the estuary. The purpose of this current project is to determine how changes in freshwater inflows affect water quality, and in turn, benthic macrofauna, spatially within the Caloosahatchee Estuary and between multiyear wet and dry periods. Thirty-four benthic species were identified as being indicator species for salinity zones, and the estuary was divided into 4 zones based on differences in community structure within the estuary. Community structure had the highest correlations with water quality parameters that were common indicators of freshwater conditions resulting from inflows. A significant relationship between salinity and diversity occurs both spatially and temporally because of increased numbers of marine species as salinities increase. A salinity-based model was used to estimate inflow during wet and dry periods for each of the macrofauna community zones. The approach used here (identifying bioindicators and community zones with corresponding inflow ranges) is generic and will be useful for developing targets for managing inflow in estuaries worldwide. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:529–539. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
A generic approach is developed to identify bioindicators of salinity zones with corresponding inflow ranges. The Caloosahatchee Estuary is divided into 4 macrobenthic community zones. Macrofauna communities are correlated with freshwater indicators, that is, salinity. Dry periods and high salinities correlate with increases in macrobenthic diversity.
How Does Fiscal Policy Affect Investment? Evidence from a Large Panel
Authors: Afonso António , Jalles João Tovar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe assess the relevance of fiscal components for private and public investment using data for a large panel of 95 countries for the period 1970–2008. Accounting for the usual econometric pitfalls, our results suggest a negative effect of government expenditure and of government consumption spending on private investment. Interest payments and subsidies have a negative effect on both types of investment (particularly in emerging economies). Social security spending has a negative effect on private investment for the full and OECD samples, whereas government health spending has a positive and significant impact on private investment. Moreover, stronger fiscal numerical rules decrease public investment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative evaluation of the depletion‐red cell exchange program with the Spectra Optia and the isovolemic hemodilution‐red cell exchange method with the COBE Spectra in sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Poullin Pascale , Sanderson Frederick , Bernit Emmanuelle , Brun Marion , Berdah Yael , Badens Catherine 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThis study aims to compare in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), the technical performance and packed red blood cell unit consumption between the automated depletion/Red Blood Cell exchange (RBCx) program (Spectra Optia Apheresis System) with the isovolemic hemodilution (IHD)/RBCx procedure (COBE Spectra Apheresis System) in a routine clinical setting.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 23 patients treated between October 2010 and August 2013 who underwent repeated RBCx on both apheresis systems for preventive indications. Each patient was their own control and had undergone two procedures on each system, totaling 46 sessions per group. On Spectra Optia, we performed the automated depletion/RBCx program. For COBE Spectra, we used a modified IHD/RBCx protocol. All patients had an initial 250 mL depletion offset by a 5% albumin prior to the exchange procedure, for the respective device, with leucodepleted Rh/Kell compatible and cross‐matched RBC packs.ResultsAll procedures were well tolerated except three mild febrile nonhemolytic reactions. Postprocedure hemoglobin S (HbS), fraction of cells remaining (FCR), procedure duration and processed blood and anticoagulant volumes were comparable in the two groups. However, the RBCx volume was significantly higher for the Spectra Optia group (+71 mL, P = 0.01), with no significant difference in the number of RBC units used.ConclusionsTechnical performance and packed RBC unit consumption were not compromised when switching from the COBE Spectra IHD/RBCx protocol to the depletion/RBCx protocol on the Spectra Optia. Tolerability was equal for both protocols. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:429–433, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced elimination of dabigatran: Identifying the appropriate patient for the use of continuous venovenous hemodialysis instead of intermittent hemodialysis—A simulation analysis
Authors: Liesenfeld Karl‐Heinz , Gruenenfelder Fredrik , Clemens Andreas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere are clinical situations where rapid elimination of dabigatran is beneficial. Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) removes dabigatran effectively but is not always available and requires a hemodynamically stable patient. We therefore investigated the continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) technique for its potency in the elimination of dabigatran. Based on pharmacometric characterization of dabigatran in IHD, we simulated a broad range of dialysis settings for CVVHD and then applied the model to specific clinical situations. Dialysis of 3 hours' duration with typical clinical settings (dialysate flow rate 50 mL/min; blood flow rate 150 mL/min) reduced dabigatran plasma concentration by 14–17% in addition to the patient body clearance. Extending dialysis duration to 8 or 16 hours for patients with severe renal dysfunction resulted in additional reductions from 26% up to 40%. When comparing with IHD for different endpoints (reaching 50% of initial dabigatran concentration, or nondetectability of dabigatran by the Hemoclot test), CVVHD did not reach comparable elimination rates. CVVHD is not fast enough to prepare for urgent interventions in patients with high bleeding risks. However, in situations where less hemodynamically stressful modalities seem indicated, CVVHD might be useful in moderately to severely renally impaired patients to accelerate dabigatran elimination.
High‐quality results of cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy perfusion for carcinomatosis at a low volume institution
Authors: Bommareddi Swaroop R. , Simianu Vlad V. , Mann Lisa V. , Mann Gary N. 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectivesMaximal cytoreductive surgery (CS) with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy perfusion (HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis can improve oncologic outcomes, but is associated with significant morbidity. Whether low‐volume experience with CS/HIPEC results in acceptable outcomes is unknown.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients undergoing CS/HIPEC by a single surgeon. Experience was divided into first versus second 50 cases, and patient characteristics, operative details, and outcomes were compared.ResultsNinety patients underwent 100 CS/HIPEC procedures (mean age 57 years, 68% female). ­Compared to the initial experience, the second 50 cases included more high grade tumors (68 vs. 52%) and greater disease burden (PCI 14.2 vs. 12.4). Operative times remained unchanged and mean blood loss decreased (978 vs. 684 ml). Hospital stay (mean 18.1 vs. 12.6 days), major complications (24 vs. 16%), and perioperative mortality (8 vs. 2%) declined. Overall median survival was 18 months and was longer with low grade tumors (26 vs. 16 months, P = 0.03).ConclusionsPatients experienced reduced EBL, fewer major complications, and shorter hospital stay, despite having higher disease burden and higher grade tumors. This suggests that even low‐volume experience with CS/HIPEC can lead to a trend in reduction of adverse perioperative events with acceptable oncologic outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:219–224. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.