bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medically Serious Suicide Attempts in a Jail with a Suicide-Prevention Program
Authors: Farmer KA , Felthous AR , Holzer CE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A suicide prevention program was implemented at the Galveston County Jail in 1986, reducing the number of suicides to only one from that time until the present. In the ten years prior to the implementation of the program, there had been seven suicides. Nevertheless, there have been a number of cases of medically serious suicide attempts that have occurred since implementation of the program. Thirteen cases of suicide attempts severe enough to warrant transfer to an emergency room for medical attention were identified through jail incident reports as occurring between 1989, when improvements were made in record-keeping at the jail, and July of 1994, when this study was initiated. Hospital records, jail medical records, jail administrative records and, in some cases, competency evaluations were obtained for each case. The cases were examined regarding demographic data, psychiatric history, circumstances surrounding the act, and results of psychiatric evaluation performed after the act. The findings were then compared to studies of suicides and near-suicides in the literature.
Examination of these cases has provided information that should render the suicide prevention program even more effective as well as provide useful information to other jails interested in implementing or improving a suicide-prevention program.
ABO Genotyping Following a Single PCR Amplification
Authors: Akane A , Yoshimura S , Yoshida M , Okii Y , Watabiki T , Matsubara K , Kimura K 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Using primers designed by Lee and Chang, 200 base-pair (bp) fragment of ABO locus was amplified by PCR, which spans the site of the single nucleotide deletion associated with O allele. O allele could be identified by Kpn I digestion of the PCR product as reported. A and B alleles were also distinguishable by Mae II digestion of the product. Thus restriction digestion by Kpn I and Mae II could genotype ABO blood group following the single amplification. The nucleotide substitution in the 200-bp product between A and B alleles was also found in O allele, resulting in 2 different suballeles OA and OG. The single-strand conformational polymorphism of the PCR product was also investigated for ABO genotyping following the single amplification.
Population Data on the Loci LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and GC in Three Southwest European Populations
Authors: Rodríguez-Calvo MS , Bellas S , Souto L , Vide C , Valverde E , Carracedo A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three Southwest European populations: Galicia (NW Spain), a mixed Spanish population from the rest of Spain (outside Galicia), and a population sample from the Coimbra area (Centre of Portugal) have been studied for the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR), Glycophorin A (GYPA), Hemoglobin G Gammaglobin (HBGG), D7S8 and Group Specific Component (GC). The allele and genotype frequencies found have been compared with other previously published data. All loci meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations in the three sampled populations. There was no evidence of association in any of the three population samples, between the five loci studied. No significant differences were found with Caucasian populations, nevertheless, significant differences were observed between our three population studies and the US SW Hispanic and African populations. The AmpliType PM DNA test greatly facilitates DNA testing in forensic laboratories, providing quick results and a good discrimination power from a single test.
Case Report: Distribution of Methamphetamine in a Massive Fatal Ingestion
Authors: Logan BK , Weiss EL , Harruff RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A subject who apparently swallowed a baggie containing “crank” (methamphetamine) while being arrested, was admitted to hospital and then experienced a massive overdose of the drug. The subject went through a seizure with associated fixed dilated pupils, and a depressed pulse and blood pressure. His cardiac and respiratory problems could not be stabilized, and he died. Methamphetamine levels in central and peripheral blood, liver, bile, vitreous, gastric and urine were determined. Blood levels of greater than 60 mg/L, were found together with even higher levels in the bile, urine and gastric. These levels are discussed in terms of other fatal, non-fatal and recreational methamphetamine use.
A Review of: A Field Guide for Human Skeletal Identification
Authors: Bass WM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The first edition of this Field Guide was published in 1987. It is designed for the professional forensic anthropologist and assumes that the user has a good background in human skeletal and dental anatomy. Bennett found in his 25 plus years as a forensic anthropologist that it was “advantageous for forensic anthropologist to have quick access to information pertinent to procedures involved in human identification.” (v) The tables, illustrations and procedural guides found here have either been abstracted or reprinted from previous publications.
A Review of: Cause of Death
Authors: Zimmerly JG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cause of Death, is a fascinating account of the details of a dozen of the more famous forensic cases that have been debated in the recent past. This inside account of those cases, as viewed by Dr. Cyril Wecht, a forensic pathologist of unquestioned ability is presented in an easy to read and compelling style by Dr. Wecht and his co-authors, son Benjamin Wecht and legal writer, Mark Curriden.
The tRNA methyltransferase Dnmt2 is required for accurate polypeptide synthesis during haematopoiesis
Authors: Tuorto Francesca , Herbst Friederike , Alerasool Nader , Bender Sebastian , Popp Oliver , Federico Giuseppina , Reitter Sonja , Liebers Reinhard , Stoecklin Georg , Gröne Hermann‐Josef , Dittmar Gunnar , Glimm Hanno , Lyko Frank 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Dnmt2 enzyme utilizes the catalytic mechanism of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferases to methylate several tRNAs at cytosine 38. Dnmt2 mutant mice, flies, and plants were reported to be viable and fertile, and the biological function of Dnmt2 has remained elusive. Here, we show that endochondral ossification is delayed in newborn Dnmt2‐deficient mice, which is accompanied by a reduction of the haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell population and a cell‐autonomous defect in their differentiation. RNA bisulfite sequencing revealed that Dnmt2 methylates C38 of tRNA AspGTC, GlyGCC, and ValAAC, thus preventing tRNA fragmentation. Proteomic analyses from primary bone marrow cells uncovered systematic differences in protein expression that are due to specific codon mistranslation by tRNAs lacking Dnmt2‐dependent methylation. Our observations demonstrate that Dnmt2 plays an important role in haematopoiesis and define a novel function of C38 tRNA methylation in the discrimination of near‐cognate codons, thereby ensuring accurate polypeptide synthesis.
Near-miss Obstetric Events in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Nepal: An Audit
Authors: Gurung BS , Koju RB , Dongol Y 
Published: August 2015

Aims: This study aims to determine the frequency of near-miss obstetric events and analyze its nature such as reasons for near-miss, organ dysfunction associated and critical management required among pregnant women managed over a 3-year period in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Nepal. Methods: This hospital based prospective, descriptive study was done from August 2011 to February 2015. Case eligibility was defined by WHO Near-Miss Guidelines. Medical records of the patients and the interview with the patient, accompanying family members and health workers from referral centres were used to generate the data which were filled in the pre-designed questionnaire. The data generated and analyzed included age and gestation weeks, parity, mode of intervention, associated organ dysfunctions, reasons for near-miss and critical intervention accompanied to manage the near-miss cases. Results were presented in mean ± SD and percentages, wherever applicable. Results: There were 4617 deliveries with 28 near-miss cases. The major factors contributing near-miss events were obstetric haemorrhage followed by hypertensive disorder. Three fourth (n=21) of cases required blood transfusion and almost all cases (n=26) required ICU management. Coagulation disorder was observed in majority of cases (n=23) followed by cardiovascular, respiratory and uterine atony. Conclusions: In this study, maternal near-miss event was mainly attributable to obstetric haemorrhage followed by hypertension and sepsis. Major organ-system disorders observed were coagulation disorder, cardiovascular, respiratory and uterine disorders. Almost all the cases were managed in ICU and majority of them required blood transfusion.
Perinatal Outcome of the Second Twin
Authors: Joshi R , Baral G 
Published: August 2015

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the perinatal outcome of the second twin compared to the first one. Methods: This is a hospital based comparative study of 60 pregnant women with twin pregnancy at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu from 14 January 2013 to13 April 2013. Apgar score and admission to neonatal intensive care unit of the first and the second twins were studied in relation to the gestational age, chorionicity, mode of delivery, inter-delivery interval and birth weight. Mc Nemars test was used with 0.05 as the level of significance. Results: Among 60 sets of twins, Apgar score of the second twin was found to be lower than the first one (p=0.02) in general and in preterm gestation (p=0.049), dichorionic diamniotic chorionicity (p=0.012), vaginal delivery (p<0.001), inter-delivery interval of <30 minutes (p=0.007) and birth weight discordance of <30 % (p=0.014). Admission to neonatal intensive care unit was not significant (p=0.5). Conclusions: Second twin had low Apgar score and the neonatal admission rate was similar for both twins.
Analysis of Residual Stress States of Structured Surfaces Manufactured by High-Feed and Micromilling
Authors: Lucas H. , Denkena B. , Grove T. , Krebs E. , Kersting P. , Freiburg D. , Biermann D. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

The performance of technological surfaces can be optimized via tailored characteristics according to their specific field of usage. These high performance surfaces are needed for the new technology of Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming (SBMF), which is a combination of sheet metal and bulk forming operations. Due to the high surface loads of bulk forming operations, tool surfaces need to be capable to withstand high stress states. Additional to a high wear resistance, the friction coefficient of these surfaces is an important criterion for the material flow of the sheet material. Surface characteristics can be adjusted by using technologies such as high-feed and micromilling processes resulting in different friction coefficients optimizing functional performance of the tools. In dependency of these different manufacturing processes, different residual stresses are induced into the subsurface of the forming tool. Reliability of residual stress measurements via X-ray diffractometry for microstructured surfaces produced through high-feed milling and micromilling is investigated.
Mechanical and tribological properties of functionally graded aluminium/zirconia metal matrix composite synthesized by centrifugal casting
Authors: Radhika N. , Raghu R. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the present study, functionally graded aluminium/zirconia metal matrix composite was fabricated using a liquid metallurgy route followed by centrifugal casting process and a hollow cylindrical component of dimensions 150 × 150 × 16 mm was obtained. Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties along the radial direction were analysed to check the graded properties throughout the thickness of the casting. The tribological behaviour of the functionally graded composite was studied using a three body abrasion tester by varying the applied loads in the range of 33 – 80 N at two different rotating speeds of 100 and 200 rpm. The microstructural examination results showed that the outer surface of the composite has a particle rich zone due to centrifugal force as well as the density difference between alloy and reinforcement. Hardness was found to be higher at the outer surface and tensile strength was higher at the upper section of the composite due to the higher segregation of reinforcement particles. The abrasive wear test results revealed that the wear rate increases as applied load increases and decreases as rotating speed increases. The wear resistance was found to be maximum at the outer periphery compared to other surfaces under all conditions. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of worn surfaces revealed fine and shallow grooves on the external zone ensuring better wear resistance.
Quantitative Microstructure and Defect Density Analysis of Polycrystalline Tungsten Reference Samples after Different Heat Treatments
Authors: Manhard A. , Balden M. , Elgeti S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In order to provide a solid basis for the correlation of microstructure and hydrogen isotope retention in tungsten, reference samples with different microstructures were prepared from a single batch of polycrystalline tungsten by standardised polishing and heat treatment procedures. Representative samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy as well as by electron backscatter diffraction. We show that if the annealing temperature is increased from 1 200 to 1 500 K, practically only the density of dislocations and grain boundaries with very small misorientations of less than 2° is reduced, while for annealing at 1 700 and 2 000 K, also the density of high-angle grain boundaries is reduced due to grain growth. Furthermore, the dislocation density is reduced by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to tungsten annealed at 1 200 K. We also comment on two different textures on the front and rear side of the samples that were observed both by X-ray diffraction and EBSD.
Bioavailability and Safety of Vitamin D3 from Pizza Baked with Fortified Mozzarella Cheese: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al-Khalidi Banaz , Chiu Winnie , Rousseau Dérick , Vieth Reinhold 
Published: August 2015

Purpose: To assess the bioavailability and safety of vitamin D3 from fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind trial, 96 apparently healthy, ethnically diverse adults were randomized to consume 200 IU or 28 000 IU vitamin D3 fortified mozzarella cheese with pizza once weekly for a total of 8 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline (week 1) and final (week 10) visits for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and other biochemical measures. The primary outcome compared serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D between groups at 10 weeks. The secondary outcome evaluated the safety of vitamin D dosing protocol as measured by serum and urine calcium, phosphate, creatinine, and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH). Results: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased by 5.1 ± 11 nmol/L in the low-dose group (n = 47; P = 0.003), and by 73 ± 22 nmol/L in the high-dose group (n = 49; P < 0.0001). None of the subjects in either group developed any adverse events during the supplementation protocol. Serum PTH significantly decreased in the high-dose group only (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Vitamin D3 is safe and bioavailable from fortified mozzarella cheese baked on pizza.
Victimización en México: Un análisis de equilibrio general
Authors: Mendoza Sandra Edith Medellín , Cantú Joana Cecilia Chapa 
Published: August 2015

There exists few studies on Mexico related to research of the factors involved in the decision-making process of individuals when choosing whether to be a law-abiding citizen or a criminal. From the perspective of members of criminal markets—i.e., victims, felons, and the government—this work explains under a general equilibrium model how the delinquency rate for felonies, such as theft, in the various Mexican states function as structural parameters for wages, taxes, police reliability, and legal penalties. The results suggest that, in an environment of low accusation and punishment, the only variable in this model which has a real effect in reducing crime are monetary penalties, due to the fact that the felon must face this kind of penalty once accused, captured, and jailed. Spanish
Existen pocos estudios para el caso mexicano donde se investiga cuáles son los factores que intervienen en la toma de decisiones de los individuos al elegir entre ser criminal o no. Desde la perspectiva de los integrantes del mercado del crimen, esto es, víctimas, delincuentes y gobierno, este trabajo explica bajo un modelo de equilibrio general, cómo responde la tasa de delincuencia para delitos como el robo de las entidades federativas mexicanas ante cambios en los parámetros estructurales como salarios, impuestos, productividad de la policía y las penas consideradas en el marco legal. Los resultados encontrados sugieren que en un contexto de bajas tasas de denuncia y castigo, la única variable de política que en el marco de este modelo tiene efecto para reducir el crimen son las penas monetarias, ya que estas las enfrenta el criminal una vez que es denunciado, capturado y encarcelado. French
Rares sont les études au Mexique qui s'interrogent sur les facteurs liés au processus de prise de décision chez les individus concernant leur choix de devenir ou non des criminels. Fondé sur les opinions des agents du crime organisé, dont les victimes, les criminels et le gouvernement, cet article analyse sur la base d'un modèle d'équilibre général, la manière dont le taux de délinquance, à l'instar des détournements des fonds publics dans des régions mexicaines, réagit aux changement des paramètres structurels tels que les salaires, les impôts, l'efficience de la police et la fiabilité des sanctions dans le cadre juridique. Les résultats suggèrent que dans un contexte pareil marqué par un faible taux de plaintes et de sanctions, la seule variable de politiques susceptibles de réduire efficacement la criminalité, sont les sanctions pécuniaires, auxquelles les criminels seraient systématiquement confrontés en cas de dénonciation, d'arrestation ou d'emprisonnement.
Results of nerve grafting in radial nerve injuries occurring proximal to the humerus, including those within the posterior cord
Authors: Bertelli Jayme Augusto , Ghizoni Marcos Flávio 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Results of radial nerve grafting are largely unknown for lesions of the radial nerve that occur proximal to the humerus, including those within the posterior cord.

METHODS
The authors describe 13 patients with proximal radial nerve injuries who were surgically treated and then followed for at least 24 months. The patients’ average age was 26 years and the average time between accident and surgery was 6 months. Sural nerve graft length averaged 12 cm. Recovery was scored according to the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) scale, which ranges from M0 to M5 (normal muscle strength).

RESULTS
After grafting, all 7 patients with an elbow extension palsy recovered elbow extension, scoring M4. Six of the 13 recovered M4 wrist extension, 6 had M3, and 1 had M2. Thumb and finger extension was scored M4 in 3 patients, M3 in 2, M2 in 2, and M0 in 6.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors consider levels of strength of M4 for elbow and wrist extension and M3 for thumb and finger extension to be good results. Based on these criteria, overall good results were obtained in only 5 of the 13 patients. In proximal radial nerve lesions, the authors now advocate combining nerve grafts with nerve or tendon transfers to reconstruct wrist, thumb, and finger extension.
Prophylactic nimodipine treatment for cochlear and facial nerve preservation after vestibular schwannoma surgery: a randomized multicenter Phase III trial
Authors: Scheller Christian , Wienke Andreas , Tatagiba Marcos , Gharabaghi Alireza , Ramina Kristofer F. , Ganslandt Oliver , Bischoff Barbara , Zenk Johannes , Engelhorn Tobias , Matthies Cordula , Westermaier Thomas , Antoniadis Gregor , Pedro Maria Teresa , Rohde Veit , von Eckardstein Kajetan , Kretschmer Thomas , Kornhuber Malte , Steighardt Jörg , Richter Michael , Barker Fred G. , Strauss Christian 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
A pilot study of prophylactic nimodipine and hydroxyethyl starch treatment showed a beneficial effect on facial and cochlear nerve preservation following vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. A prospective Phase III trial was undertaken to confirm these results.

METHODS
An open-label, 2-arm, randomized parallel group and multicenter Phase III trial with blinded expert review was performed and included 112 patients who underwent VS surgery between January 2010 and February 2013 at 7 departments of neurosurgery to investigate the efficacy and safety of the prophylaxis. The surgery was performed after the patients were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups using online randomization. The treatment group (n = 56) received parenteral nimodipine (1–2 mg/hr) and hydroxyethyl starch (hematocrit 30%–35%) from the day before surgery until the 7th postoperative day. The control group (n = 56) was not treated prophylactically.

RESULTS
Intent-to-treat analysis showed no statistically significant effects of the treatment on either preservation of facial nerve function (35 [67.3%] of 52 [treatment group] compared with 34 [72.3%] of 47 [control group]) (p = 0.745) or hearing preservation (11 [23.4%] of 47 [treatment group] compared with 15 [31.2%] of 48 [control group]) (p = 0.530) 12 months after surgery. Since tumor sizes were significantly larger in the treatment group than in the control group, logistic regression analysis was required. The risk for deterioration of facial nerve function was adjusted nearly the same in both groups (OR 1.07 [95% CI 0.34–3.43], p = 0.91). In contrast, the risk for postoperative hearing loss was adjusted 2 times lower in the treatment group compared with the control group (OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.18–1.30], p = 0.15). Apart from dose-dependent hypotension (p < 0.001), no clinically relevant adverse reactions were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
There were no statistically significant effects of the treatment. Despite the width of the confidence intervals, the odds ratios may suggest but do not prove a clinically relevant effect of the safe study medication on the preservation of cochlear nerve function after VS surgery. Further study is needed before prophylactic nimodipine can be recommended in VS surgery.