bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of MIR15A and MIR16‐1 at 13q14 is associated with increased TP53 mRNA, de‐repression of BCL2 and adverse outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Lin Ke , Farahani Mosavar , Yang Yi , Johnson Gillian G. , Oates Melanie , Atherton Mark , Douglas Angela , Kalakonda Nagesh , Pettitt Andrew R. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the possibility that TP53 mRNA is variably expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and that under‐expression is associated with TP53 dysfunction and adverse outcome. Although TP53 mRNA levels did indeed vary among the 104 CLL samples examined, this variability resulted primarily from over‐expression of TP53 mRNA in 18 samples, all of which lacked TP53 deletion/mutation. These patients had higher lymphocyte counts and shorter overall and treatment‐free survival times compared to cases with low TP53 mRNA expression and no TP53 deletion/mutation. Furthermore, TP53 mRNA levels did not correlate with levels of TP53 protein or its transcriptional target CDKN1A. We speculated that the adverse outcome associated with TP53 mRNA over‐expression might reflect variation in levels of MIR15A and MIR16‐1, which are encoded on chromosome 13q14 and target TP53 and some oncogenes including BCL2. In keeping with our hypothesis, 13q14 copy number and levels of MIR15A/MIR16‐1 correlated positively with one another but negatively with levels of TP53 mRNA and BCL2 mRNA. Our findings support a model in which loss of MIR15A/MIR16‐1 at chromosome 13q14 results in adverse outcome due to de‐repression of oncogenes such as BCL2, and up‐regulation of TP53 mRNA as a bystander effect.
Sturge–Weber Syndrome Is Associated with Cortical Dysplasia ILAE Type IIIc and Excessive Hypertrophic Pyramidal Neurons in Brain Resections for Intractable Epilepsy
Authors: Wang Dan‐Dan , Blümcke Ingmar , Coras Roland , Zhou Wen‐Jing , Lu De‐Hong , Gui Qiu‐Ping , Hu Jing‐Xia , Zuo Huan‐Cong , Chen Shi‐Yun , Piao Yue‐Shan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare syndrome characterized by capillary‐venous malformations involving skin and brain. Many patients with SWS also suffer from drug‐resistant epilepsy. We retrospectively studied a series of six SWS patients with epilepsy and extensive neurosurgical resections. At time of surgery, the patients' age ranged from 11 to 35 years (with a mean of 20.2 years). All surgical specimens were well preserved, which allowed a systematic microscopical inspection utilizing the 2011 ILAE classification for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Neuropathology revealed dysmorphic‐like neurons with hypertrophic cell bodies reminiscent to those described for FCD type IIa in all cases. However, gross architectural abnormalities of neocortical layering typical for FCD type IIa were missing, and we propose to classify this pattern as FCD ILAE type IIIc. In addition, our patients with earliest seizure onset also showed polymicrogyria (PMG; n = 4). The ictal onset zones were identified in all patients by subdural electrodes, and these areas always showed histopathological evidence for FCD type IIIc. Four out of five patients had favorable seizure control after surgery with a mean follow‐up period of 1.7 years. We concluded from our study that FCD type IIIc and PMG are frequently associated findings in SWS. FCD type IIIc may play a major epileptogenic role in SWS and complete resection of the associated FCD should be considered a prognostic key factor to achieve seizure control.
Phase I/II trial of 2‐weekly docetaxel combined with cisplatin plus fluorouracil in metastatic esophageal cancer (JCOG0807)
Authors: Hironaka Shuichi , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Mizusawa Junki , Kii Takayuki , Kato Ken , Tsushima Takahiro , Chin Keisho , Tomori Akihisa , Okuno Tatsuya , Taniki Toshikatsu , Ura Takashi , Matsushita Hisayuki , Kojima Takashi , Doki Yuichiro , Kusaba Hitoshi , Fujitani Kazumasa , Taira Koichi , Seki Shiko , Nakamura Tsutomu , Kitagawa Yuko ,   Japan Esophageal Oncology Group/Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: July 2014

We carried out a phase I/II trial of adding 2‐weekly docetaxel to cisplatin plus fluorouracil (CF) therapy (2‐weekly DCF regimen) in esophageal cancer patients to investigate its safety and antimetastatic activity. Patients received 2‐weekly docetaxel (30 mg/m2 [dose level (DL)1] or 40 mg/m2 [DL2] with a 3 + 3 design in phase I, on days 1 and 15) in combination with fixed‐dose CF (80 mg/m2 cisplatin, day 1; 800 mg/m2 fluorouracil, days 1–5) repeated every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) in phase I and central peer review‐based response rate in phase II. At least 22 responders among 50 patients were required to satisfy the primary endpoint with a threshold of 35%. Sixty‐two patients were enrolled in phase I and II. In phase I, 10 patients were enrolled with DLT of 0/3 at DL1 and 2/7 in DL2. Considering DLT and treatment compliance, the recommended phase II dose was determined as DL1. In phase II, the response rate was 62% (P < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval, 48–75%); median overall survival and progression‐free survival were 11.1 and 5.8 months, respectively. Common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (25%), anemia (36%), hyponatremia (29%), anorexia (24%), and nausea (11%). No febrile neutropenia was observed. Pneumonitis caused treatment‐related death in one patient. The 2‐weekly DCF regimen showed promising antimetastatic activity and tolerability. A phase III study comparing this regimen with CF therapy is planned by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. This study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN 000001737.
D‐Serine‐induced Inactivation of NMDA Receptors in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons Expressing NR2A Subunits is Ca2+‐Dependent
Authors: Li Xia , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Zhao‐Qin , Jiang Zheng‐Lin , Sun Li , Xu Li‐Hua , Yang Yao , Zhang Yun‐Feng 
Published: July 2014

SummaryAimsOur previous studies indicate that glycine can inhibit N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) responses induced by high concentrations of NMDA in rat hippocampal neurons. The present study was designed to observe whether D‐serine induces inactivation of NMDARs in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this effect.MethodsCell culture, whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology, Ca2+ imaging, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis were used.ResultsWe found that the peak current and Ca2+ influx evoked by 30 μM NMDA were increased by co‐application of D‐serine, but those evoked by 300 μM NMDA were reduced dose‐dependently by co‐application of D‐serine. However, the inhibitory effect of D‐serine on NMDAR responses was reversed by ZnCl2 (30 nM), an inhibitor of the NR2A subunit, but was less influenced by ifenprodil (10 μM), an NR2B inhibitor. In addition, the inhibitory effect of D‐serine was not detected in young hippocampal neurons that expressed less of the NR2A subunits and reversed in the presence of 10 mM BAPTA.ConclusionsD‐Serine can also induce inactivation of NMDARs, the NR2A subunit is required for the induction of this effect, and this inactivation is Ca2+‐dependent in nature. This action of D‐serine is hypothesized to play a neuroprotective role upon a sustained large glutamate insult to the brain.
Patch test study of 90 patients with tattoo reactions: Negative outcome of allergy patch test to baseline batteries and culprit inks suggests allergen(s) are generated in the skin through haptenization
Authors: Serup Jørgen , Hutton Carlsen Katrina 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundTattoo reactions, especially in red tattoos, are often suggested as allergic in nature, however, systematic evaluation by patch testing has not performed in the past.ObjectiveTo report the results of patch testing in 90 patients with non‐infectious chronic tattoo reactions.Materials/methodsFrom 2009 to 2013 at the ‘Tattoo Clinic’, Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, 90 patients were patch tested with batteries of baseline allergens, disperse dyes/textile allergens, and a selection of tattoo ink stock products, which, according to case observations, were problematic, supplemented with individual culprit inks when accessible.ResultsPatients with reactions to the tattoo colour red, the most predominant colour associated with skin reactions, showed negative patch test results with common allergens. Outcomes were also negative in patients who had experienced concomitant reactions in another hitherto tolerated tattoo of the same colour as the problematic tattoo.Discussion/conclusionThe allergen or allergens responsible for tattoo reactions are not present directly in tattoo ink stock products. This is despite the fact that clinical histories suggest that the vast majority of clinical reactions, especially reactions to red and red nuances, are likely to be allergic events caused by the injected inks. We suggest that the responsible allergen results from a complicated and slow process of haptenization, which may even include photochemical cleavage of red azo pigment.
Triphenylguanidine, a new (old?) rubber accelerator detected in surgical gloves that may cause allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Dahlin Jakob , Bergendorff Ola , Vindenes Hilde K. , Hindsén Monica , Svedman Cecilia 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundRubber accelerators are common contact allergens in healthcare personnel, owing to exposures from medical gloves.ObjectivesTo analyse glove extracts used for patch testing for the presence of guanidine‐type accelerators, and to describe the results of patch testing with triphenylguanidine (TPG) in 2 cases of contact allergy and with TPG added to the rubber series.Materials and methodsGas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection were used for analysis of glove extracts. Patch tests were performed with guanidine accelerators detected in the extracts.ResultsTPG, an accelerator not previously reported as being present in rubber gloves, was found in the glove extracts. Patch testing with TPG showed relevant contact allergic reactions in patients with hand dermatitis caused by rubber gloves.ConclusionsChemical analysis of extracts for patch testing is important in the identification of new possible allergens. In this case, a rubber accelerator previously not reported as a possible contact allergen was found in extracts of surgical gloves.
Occupational contact dermatitis in blue‐collar workers: results from a multicentre study from the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group (2003–2012)
Authors: Schwensen Jakob F. , Menné Torkil , Veien Niels K. , Funding Anne T. , Avnstorp Christian , Østerballe Morten , Andersen Klaus E. , Paulsen Evy , Mørtz Charlotte G. , Sommerlund Mette , Danielsen Anne , Andersen Bo L. , Thormann Jens , Kristensen Ove , Kristensen Berit , Vissing Susanne , Nielsen Niels H. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundBlue‐collar workers have a high risk of occupational contact dermatitis, but epidemiological studies are scarce.ObjectivesTo investigate allergic contact dermatitis in blue‐collar workers with dermatitis registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patch test data from 1471 blue‐collar workers and 1471 matched controls tested between 2003 and 2012 was performed. A logistic regression was used to test for associations.ResultsThe blue‐collar workers often had occupational hand dermatitis (p < 0.001). Atopic dermatitis was less commonly observed among blue‐collar workers (19.6%) than among controls (23.9%) (p = 0.005). Allergens with a statistically significant association with the occupational group of blue‐collar workers were epoxy resins, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, 2‐bromo‐2‐nitro‐1,3‐propanediol, potassium dichromate, and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI). The following occupations were additionally identified as risk factors for contact sensitization to MCI/MI and MI, epoxy resins, and potassium dichromate, respectively: painting, construction work, and tile setting/terrazzo work.ConclusionContact allergy is a major problem among blue‐collar workers. The data indicate a healthy worker effect among blue‐collar workers diagnosed with dermatitis, as blue‐collar workers were diagnosed significantly less often with atopic dermatitis than were controls.
DO ABCs GET MORE CITATIONS THAN XYZs?
Authors: Huang Wei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUsing a sample of U.S.‐based scientific journal articles, I examine the relationship between author surname initials and paper citations, finding that the papers with first authors whose surname initials appear earlier in the alphabet get more citations, and that this effect does not exist for non‐first authors. Further analysis shows that the alphabetical order effect is stronger in those fields with longer reference lists, and that such alphabetical bias exists among citations by others and not for self‐citations. In addition, estimates also reveal that the alphabetical order effect is stronger when the length of reference lists in citing papers is longer. These findings suggest that the order in reference lists plays an important role in the alphabetical bias. (JEL D0, O3, Z1)
Polymorphic mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in a coastal riverscape: size class assemblages, distribution, and habitat associations
Authors: Starr James C. , Torgersen Christian E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe compared the assemblage structure, spatial distributions, and habitat associations of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) morphotypes and size classes. We hypothesised that morphotypes would have different spatial distributions and would be associated with different habitat features based on feeding behaviour and diet. Spatially continuous sampling was conducted over a broad extent (29 km) in the Calawah River, WA (USA). Whitefish were enumerated via snorkelling in three size classes: small (10–29 cm), medium (30–49 cm), and large (≥50 cm). We identified morphotypes based on head and snout morphology: a pinocchio form that had an elongated snout and a normal form with a blunted snout. Large size classes of both morphotypes were distributed downstream of small and medium size classes, and normal whitefish were distributed downstream of pinocchio whitefish. Ordination of whitefish assemblages with nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that normal whitefish size classes were associated with higher gradient and depth, whereas pinocchio whitefish size classes were positively associated with pool area, distance upstream, and depth. Reach‐scale generalised additive models indicated that normal whitefish relative density was associated with larger substrate size in downstream reaches (R2 = 0.64), and pinocchio whitefish were associated with greater stream depth in the reaches farther upstream (R2 = 0.87). These results suggest broad‐scale spatial segregation (1–10 km), particularly between larger and more phenotypically extreme individuals. These results provide the first perspective on spatial distributions and habitat relationships of polymorphic mountain whitefish.
Ecological release exposes genetically based niche variation
Authors: Emery Nancy C. , Ackerly D. D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe evolutionary trajectories of ecological niches have profound impacts on community, population and speciation dynamics, yet the underlying causes of niche lability vs. stasis are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a field experiment to quantify the effects of competition and, conversely, competitive release on the microevolutionary processes driving microhabitat niche evolution in an annual plant population restricted to California vernal pool wetlands. Removing competitors generated a strong increase in mean fitness, the exposure of genetically based niche variation and directional selection for niche evolution in the experimental population. In contrast, genetic variation in the microhabitat niche and directional selection for niche evolution were not detected in individuals growing with competitors. These results indicate that ecological opportunity (here, the removal of competitors) can trigger the immediate expression of latent, heritable niche variation that is necessary for rapid evolutionary responses; conversely, competitors may restrict niche evolution, contributing to niche conservatism in saturated communities.
Niche construction initiates the evolution of mutualistic interactions
Authors: Buser Claudia C. , Newcomb Richard D. , Gaskett Anne C. , Goddard Matthew R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNiche construction theory explains how organisms' niche modifications may feed back to affect their evolutionary trajectories. In theory, the evolution of other species accessing the same modified niche may also be affected. We propose that this niche construction may be a general mechanism driving the evolution of mutualisms. Drosophilid flies benefit from accessing yeast‐infested fruits, but the consequences of this interaction for yeasts are unknown. We reveal high levels of variation among strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in their ability to modify fruits and attract Drosophila simulans. More attractive yeasts are dispersed more frequently, both in the lab and in the field, and flies associated with more attractive yeasts have higher fecundity. Although there may be multiple natural yeast and fly species interactions, our controlled assays in the lab and field provide evidence of a mutualistic interaction, facilitated by the yeast's niche modification.
Sincere Cooperation, Respect for Democracy and EU Citizenship: Sufficient to Guarantee Scotland's Future in the European Union?
Authors: Kenealy Daniel , MacLennan Stuart 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe position of an independent Scotland within the European Union (EU) has recently been a subject of considerable debate. The European Commission has argued that any newly independent state formed from the territory of an existing Member State would require an Accession Treaty. This article critiques that official position and distinguishes between a set of claims that could be made on behalf of an independent Scottish state, and a set of claims that could be made on behalf of the citizens of an independent Scottish state vis‐à‐vis the EU. It argues that the general principles of the EU Treaties ought to govern how Scotland is treated, and that a new Accession Treaty is not necessary. Furthermore, notwithstanding the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the area of EU citizenship, we conclude that EU citizenship itself is not sufficient to guarantee or generate membership of the EU.
The Darling Dogma of Bourgeois Europeanists
Authors: Somek Alexander 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis review article examines critically the belief that national democracies are inherently deficient on democratic grounds since they affect people across their own borders without offering them a voice in the domestic political process. Supranational institutions are supposed to address this problem. The article explains, first, that this belief can be given two different readings: one is liberal, the other democratic. Second, it argues that making sense of this belief requires transforming it into a principle of cosmopolitan citizenship that draws on the idea of virtual representation. The current European Union would look differently if it were to abide by this principle.
Where we stand with human hypertrophic and keloid scar models
Authors: Williams Felicia N. , Herndon David N. , Branski Ludwik K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have yet to create a human scar model that demonstrates the complex nature of hypertrophic scar and keloid formation as well as ways to prevent them despite emerging advances in our understanding of the immune system, the inflammatory response, and proteomic and genomic changes after injury. Despite more complex in vitro models, we fail to explain the fundamental principles to scar formation, and the timeline of their development. The solution to developing the ideal in vitro scar model is one that mimics the heterogeneous cellular and molecular interactions, as well as the evolving structure and function of human skin.
Perilipin 3 modulates specific lipogenic pathways in SZ95 sebocytes
Authors: Camera Emanuela , Dahlhoff Maik , Ludovici Matteo , Zouboulis Christos C. , Schneider Marlon R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLipid droplets (LD) are dynamic organelles that manage cellular lipid synthesis, storage and retrieval. Although LD‐associated proteins, including the perilipin family (PLIN1–PLIN5), are essential for these functions, they have been poorly characterized in sebocytes. Here, we employed siRNAs to downregulate PLIN3 in SZ95 sebaceous gland cells and evaluated the consequences in lipid accumulation by nile red staining and mass spectrometry. Nile red staining revealed that siRNA‐mediated downregulation of PLIN3 significantly impaired linoleic acid‐induced lipid accumulation in SZ95 sebocytes. Mass spectrometry revealed that PLIN3 was implicated in the metabolism of linoleic acid, a lipid source used in the build‐up of triglycerides, among other acyl lipids. Furthermore, the expression of key enzymes of sebaceous lipogenesis was altered in PLIN3‐deficient sebocytes, consistent with the changes observed in the neutral lipid abundance, suggesting that PLIN3 functions are intertwined with the lipogenic pathways implicated in sebaceous lipogenesis, such as desaturation and triglyceride synthesis.
Association between EGFR gene polymorphisms, skin rash and response to anti‐EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Jaka Ane , Gutiérrez‐Rivera Araika , Ormaechea Nerea , Blanco Jesus , La Casta Adelaida , Sarasqueta Cristina , Izeta Ander , Tuneu Anna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCetuximab and panitumumab are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors used in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Most patients develop a papulopustular rash that may predict tumor response to treatment. EGFR gene polymorphisms may also determine tumor response and appearance of skin rash. We hypothesized an association between EGFR gene polymorphisms, papulopustular rash and response to anticancer treatment. Four EGFR polymorphisms (−216, −191, CA‐SSR, R521K) were analysed in 51 patients with mCRC receiving anti‐EGFR. Severity of cutaneous rash and tumor response was measured following standard scales. We report an association between SNP‐216 and tumor response (P = 0.003): no tumor progression occurred in TT genotype. Moreover, 92.3% of the responder patients developed skin rash, 62.9% of them presenting a grade ≥2 (P = 0.015). Thus, although underpowered, our preliminary data suggest that SNP‐216 polymorphism of the EGFR gene could be useful in predicting tumor response and the appearance of severe skin rash might also be associated.