bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLYS 2.0: An open source software package for building three‐dimensional structures of polysaccharides
Authors: Engelsen Søren B. , Hansen Peter I. , Pérez Serge 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis article describes an update of POLYS, the POLYSaccharide builder, for generating three‐dimensional structures of polysaccharides and complex carbohydrates (Engelsen et al., Biopolymers 1996, 39, 417–433). POLYS is written in portable ANSI C and is now released under an open source license. Using this software, complex branched carbohydrate structures and polysaccharides can be constructed from their primary structure and the relevant monosaccharides stored in database containing information on optimized glycosidic linkage geometries. The constructed three‐dimensional structures are described as Cartesian coordinate files which can be used as input to other molecular modeling software. The new version of POLYS includes a large database of monosaccharides and a helical generator to build and optimize regular single helix or double helix structures. To demonstrate the efficiency of POLYS to build carbohydrate structures, four examples of increasing complexity are presented in the manuscript, from simple alpha glucans over complex starch fragments and the double helical structure of amylopectin to the mega‐oligosaccharide RhamnoGalacturonan II. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 733–743, 2014.
A new mixed‐mode model for interpreting and predicting protein elution during isoelectric chromatofocusing
Authors: Choy Derek Y.C. , Creagh A. Louise , von Lieres Eric , Haynes Charles 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTExperimental data are combined with classic theories describing electrolytes in solution and at surfaces to define the primary mechanisms influencing protein retention and elution during isoelectric chromatofocusing (ICF) of proteins and protein mixtures. Those fundamental findings are used to derive a new model to understand and predict elution times of proteins during ICF. The model uses a modified form of the steric mass action (SMA) isotherm to account for both ion exchange and isoelectric focusing contributions to protein partitioning. The dependence of partitioning on pH is accounted for through the characteristic charge parameter m of the SMA isotherm and the application of Gouy–Chapman theory to define the dependence of the equilibrium binding constant Kbi on both m and ionic strength. Finally, the effects of changes in matrix surface pH on protein retention are quantified through a Donnan equilibrium type model. By accounting for isoelectric focusing, ion binding and exchange, and surface pH contributions to protein retention and elution, the model is shown to accurately capture the dependence of protein elution times on column operating conditions. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 925–936. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AutoSLAM – A policy‐based framework for automated SLA establishment in cloud environments
Authors: Baruwal Chhetri M. , Vo Q. Bao. , Kowalczyk R. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCloud computing offers a realization of SOA in which IT resources are dynamically provisioned as services to consumers using flexible provisioning and pricing models. When provisioning such services, providers and consumers must first agree over the service usage terms and conditions, which are captured in Service Level Agreements (SLAs). In this paper, we propose a policy‐based framework with corresponding models, mechanisms and tools for the automated establishment of SLAs in open, diverse and dynamic cloud environments. The Automated SLA Management framework allows entities to specify their requirements and capabilities, and preferences over them in a flexible and expressive manner. It also supports multiple interaction models for SLA establishment, giving consumers and providers the flexibility to select the one that is most appropriate in a given context, while simultaneously participating in multiple concurrent SLA interactions using different interaction models. As part of the framework, we define a formal model for the underlying policies, a corresponding physical model WS‐SLAM that extends WS‐Policy and a reference architecture that can be easily implemented. We validate the practicability of our framework through the Smart CloudPurchaser prototype that can automatically purchase computing resources from Amazon EC2 under different scenarios and contexts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of eating disorders in middle‐aged women
Authors: Mangweth‐Matzek Barbara , Hoek Hans W. , Rupp Claudia I. , Lackner‐Seifert Kerstin , Frey Nadja , Whitworth Alexandra B. , Pope Harrison G. , Kinzl Johann 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjective: Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of eating disorders (ED) in middle‐aged women. Method: We mailed anonymous questionnaires to 1,500 Austrian women aged 40–60 years, assessing ED (defined by DSM‐IV), subthreshold ED, body image, and quality of life. We broadly defined “subthreshold ED” by the presence of either (1) binge eating with loss of control or (2) purging behavior, without requiring any of the other usual DSM‐IV criteria for frequency or severity of these symptoms. Results: Of the 715 (48%) responders, 33 [4.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.3–6.4%] reported symptoms meeting full DSM‐IV criteria for an ED [bulimia nervosa = 10; binge eating disorder = 11; eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) = 12]. None displayed anorexia nervosa. Another 34 women (4.8%; CI: 3.4–6.6%) displayed subthreshold ED. These women showed levels of associated psychopathology virtually equal to the women with full‐syndrome diagnoses. Discussion: ED appear common in middle‐aged women, with a preponderance of binge eating disorder and EDNOS diagnoses as compared to the “classical” diagnoses of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Interestingly, middle‐aged women with even very broadly defined subthreshold ED showed distress and impairment comparable to women with full‐scale ED. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:320–324)
A coral‐reef optimization algorithm for the optimal service distribution problem in mobile radio access networks
Authors: Salcedo‐Sanz S. , Sanchez‐Garcia J.E. , Portilla‐Figueras J.A. , Jimenez‐Fernandez S. , Ahmadzadeh A.M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMobile technology is currently one of the main pillars of worldwide economy. The constant evolution that mobile communications have undergone in the last decades, due to the appearance of new services and new technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems/High Speed Data Access and Long Term Evolution, has contributed to achieve this position in global economy. However, because of the crisis of the sector in the last 5 years, mobile operator's revenues and investments have been reduced. Thus, mobile network operators tend to exploit the existing infrastructure at maximum possible, trying to use the existing network in the most efficient way. In this paper, a novel bio‐inspired algorithm, the coral reef optimization algorithm (CRO) is introduced to minimise a network deployment investment cost problem. This is carried out by means of optimising the user demand of different services offered by mobile operators over the available technologies in the market, namely the optimal service distribution problem. The CRO is a recently proposed meta‐heuristic based on the computer simulation of corals reproduction and reefs’ formation. In this paper, this algorithm has been tested on several optimal service distribution problem scenarios in Spain, observing a significant reduction (up to 400 M€) on the total investment costs associated to the radio access network deployment. We compare the performance of the CRO approach with that of a classical (experience‐based) services distribution, and with alternative meta‐heuristics techniques, obtaining good results in all cases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility of submicron Bioglass® powders obtained by a top‐down approach
Authors: Dörfler Anja , Detsch Rainer , Romeis Stefan , Schmidt Jochen , Eisermann Claudia , Peukert Wolfgang , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility of two submicron 45S5 Bioglass® powders obtained by top‐down processing have been evaluated and are compared to the as‐received powder. Both submicron powders exhibited flake‐like morphologies with lateral extensions of only a few microns; the flake thickness accounted for a few tens of nanometers. Enhanced in vitro bioactivity was found for the comminuted powders upon immersion in simulated body fluid. In vitro biocompatibility was evaluated by incubation of MG‐63 osteoblast‐like cells with various amounts (0–200 µg/mL) of the glass powders. Neither LDH‐activity nor mitochondrial activity (WST‐8) tests indicated cell toxicity. Increased mitochondrial activity was found for the submicron powders: incubation with high amounts revealed up to a threefold increase of osteoblast activity (ALP‐activity). An overgrowth of the formed mineralized phase with phenotypical MG‐63 cells was found by staining only for the submicron glasses. A distance ring is formed for the as‐received powder. Superior bioactivity markers are found for shorter process times, that is, lower mass specific surface areas. This is attributed to the formation of carbonates during the comminution process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 952–961, 2014.
Spatial Heterogeneity in the Response of the Proximal Femur to Two Lower-Body Resistance Exercise Regimens
Authors: Lang Thomas F , Saeed Isra H , Streeper Timothy , Carballido-Gamio Julio , Harnish Roy J , Frassetto Lynda A , Lee Stuart MC , Sibonga Jean D , Keyak Joyce H , Spiering Barry A , Grodsinsky Carlos M , Bloomberg Jacob J , Cavanagh Peter R 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Understanding the skeletal effects of resistance exercise involves delineating the spatially heterogeneous response of bone to load distributions from different muscle contractions. Bone mineral density (BMD) analyses may obscure these patterns by averaging data from tissues with variable mechanoresponse. To assess the proximal femoral response to resistance exercise, we acquired pretraining and posttraining quantitative computed tomography (QCT) images in 22 subjects (25–55 years, 9 males, 13 females) performing two resistance exercises for 16 weeks. One group (SQDL, n = 7) performed 4 sets each of squats and deadlifts, a second group (ABADD, n = 8) performed 4 sets each of standing hip abductions and adductions, and a third group (COMBO, n = 7) performed two sets each of squat/deadlift and abduction/adduction exercise. Subjects exercised three times weekly, and the load was adjusted each session to maximum effort. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to visualize BMD distributions. Hip strength computations used finite element modeling (FEM) with stance and fall loading conditions. We used QCT analysis for cortical and trabecular BMD, and cortical tissue volume. For muscle size and density, we analyzed the cross-sectional area (CSA) and mean Hounsfield unit (HU) in the hip extensor, flexor, abductor, and adductor muscle groups. Whereas SQDL increased vertebral BMD, femoral neck cortical BMD and volume, and stance hip strength, ABADD increased trochanteric cortical volume. The COMBO group showed no changes in any parameter. VBM showed different effects of ABADD and SQDL exercise, with the former causing focal changes of trochanteric cortical bone, and the latter showing diffuse changes in the femoral neck and head. ABADD exercise increased adductor CSA and HU, whereas SQDL exercise increased the hip extensor CSA and HU. In conclusion, we observed different proximal femoral bone and muscle tissue responses to SQDL and ABADD exercise. This study supports VBM and volumetric QCT (vQCT) to quantify the spatially heterogeneous effects of types of muscle contractions on bone. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Nonclassical IFITM5 Mutation Located in the Coding Region Causes Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta With Prenatal Onset
Authors: Hoyer-Kuhn Heike , Semler Oliver , Garbes Lutz , Zimmermann Katharina , Becker Jutta , Wollnik Bernd , Schoenau Eckhard , Netzer Christian 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder characterized by a wide range of skeletal symptoms. Most patients have dominantly inherited or de novo mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2. Up to 5% of patients have OI type V, characterized by hyperplastic callus formation after fractures, calcification of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, and a mesh-like lamellation pattern observed in bone histology. Recently, a heterozygous mutation in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of IFITM5 (c.–14C &gt; T) was identified as the underlying cause of OI type V, and only this specific mutation was subsequently identified in all patient cohorts with this OI subtype. We now present a case of a heterozygous mutation within the coding region of IFITM5 (c.119C &gt; T; p.S40L). The mutation occurred de novo in the patient and resulted in severe OI with prenatal onset and extreme short stature. At the age of 19 months, the typical clinical hallmarks of OI type V were not present. Our finding has important consequences for the genetic “work-up” of patients suspected to have OI, both in prenatal and in postnatal settings: The entire gene—not only the 5′-UTR harboring the “classical” OI type V mutation—has to be analyzed to exclude a causal role of IFITM5. We propose that this should be part of the initial diagnostic steps for genetic laboratories performing SANGER sequencing in OI patients. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Down‐regulation of collagen synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase expression in myofibroblasts from dupuytren nodule using adenovirus‐mediated relaxin gene therapy
Authors: Kang Young‐Mi , Choi Yun‐Rak , Yun Chae‐Ok , Park Jin‐Oh , Suk Kyung‐Soo , Kim Hak‐Sun , Park Moon‐Soo , Lee Byung‐Ho , Lee Hwan‐Mo , Moon Seong‐Hwan 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDupuytren's disease is a fibroproliferative connective tissue disorder characterized by contracture of the palmer fascia of the hand. Relaxin (RLN) is a multifunctional factor which contributes to the remodeling of the pelvic ligament by inhibiting fibrosis and inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the RLN gene on the inhibition of fibrosis in myofibroblastic cells. Myofibroblast cells with adenovirus LacZ (Ad‐LacZ) as a marker gene or adenovirus relaxin (Ad‐RLN) as therapeutic gene showed transgene expressions in beta‐galactosidase assay and Western blot analysis. Myofibroblastic cells with Ad‐RLN demonstrated a 22% and 48% reduction in collagen I and III mRNA expressions respectively, a 50% decrease in MMP‐1, 70% decrease in MMP‐2, 80% decrease in MMP‐9, and a 15% reduction in MMP‐13 protein expression compared with cultures with viral control and saline control. In addition, myofibroblastic cells with Ad‐RLN showed a 40% decrease in TIMP 1 and a 15% increase in TIMP 3 protein expression at 48 h compared to cultures with viral control and saline control. Also, myofibroblastic cell with Ad‐RLN demonstrated a 74% inhibition of fibronectin and a 52% decrease in total collagen synthesis at 48 h compared with cultures with viral control and saline control. In conclusion, the RLN gene render antifibrogenic effect on myofibroblastic cells from Dupuytren's nodule via direct inhibition of collagen synthesis not through collagenolytic pathway such as MMP‐1, ‐13, TIMP 1, and 3. Therefore relaxin can be an alternative therapeutic strategy in initial stage of Dupuytren's disease by its antifibrogenic effect. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:515–523, 2014.
The effects of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor on the in vitro matured porcine oocyte transcriptome
Authors: Toms Derek , Tsoi Stephen , Dobrinsky John , Dyck Michael K. , Li Julang 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIt is well documented that oocytes from small antral follicles are less competent than those derived from large follicles, and we have previously shown that glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhances developmental competence in oocytes from antral follicles. Exactly how GDNF effects this change and if it depends on the stage of oocyte development is currently unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the transcriptomic effects of follicle size and GDNF on the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Microarray analysis uncovered differentially expressed transcripts among in vitro‐matured porcine oocytes from different‐size antral follicles, in the absence or presence of GDNF. Oocytes isolated from small follicles showed a lower state of maturation than those from large follicles, with several transcripts associated with meiotic arrest. Addition of GDNF to the culture media had effects that depended on the stage of the follicle from which the oocyte was isolated, with those from small follicles showing decreased expression of genes associated with acetyltransferase activity while those from large follicles showed decreased metabolic activity. In summary, our results revealed considerable differences between the transcriptomes of small‐ and large‐follicle‐derived oocytes. Furthermore, GDNF affects the developmental competence of oocytes in follicle‐stage dependent manner. Thus, improving our understanding of the requirements for successful in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes will inform current reproductive technologies, with implications for the future of animal and human health. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Melt‐processed polymer multilayer distributed feedback lasers: Progress and prospects
Authors: Andrews James H. , Crescimanno Michael , Singer Kenneth D. , Baer Eric 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTReflecting recent progress in the functionalization of roll‐to‐roll processed polymer multilayers, this review describes the development and characterization of versatile large‐area multilayer distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. These developments are reviewed in the broader context of microresonator lasers, with a brief tutorial on the theory and experiment needed to understand their unique features. Of particular interest is the broad tunability of these DFB lasers by simple modification of their structure, mechanical stretching, and temperature. Prospects for commercialization of polymer multilayer DFB lasers are also discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2014,52, 251–271
Prostate angiogenesis in development and inflammation
Authors: Wong Letitia , Gipp Jerry , Carr Jason , Loftus Christopher J. , Benck Molly , Lee Sanghee , Mehta Vatsal , Vezina Chad M. , Bushman Wade 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstatic inflammation is an important factor in development and progression of BPH/LUTS. This study was performed to characterize the normal development and vascular anatomy of the mouse prostate and then examine, for the first time, the effects of prostatic inflammation on the prostate vasculature.METHODSAdult mice were perfused with India ink to visualize the prostatic vascular anatomy. Immunostaining was performed on the E16.5 UGS and the P5, P20, and adult prostate to characterize vascular development. Uropathogenic E. coli 1677 was instilled transurethrally into adult male mice to induce prostate inflammation. RT‐PCR and BrdU labeling was performed to assay anigogenic factor expression and endothelial proliferation, respectively.RESULTSAn artery on the ventral surface of the bladder trifurcates near the bladder neck to supply the prostate lobes and seminal vesicle. Development of the prostatic vascular system is associated with endothelial proliferation and robust expression of pro‐angiogenic factors Pecam1, Tie1, Tek, Angpt1, Angpt2, Fgf2, Vegfa, Vegfc, and Figf. Bacterial‐induced prostatic inflammation induced endothelial cell proliferation and increased vascular density but surprisingly decreased pro‐angiogenic factor expression.CONCLUSIONSThe striking decrease in pro‐angiogenic factor mRNA expression associated with endothelial proliferation and increased vascular density during inflammation suggests that endothelial response to injury is not a recapitulation of normal development and may be initiated and regulated by different regulatory mechanisms. Prostate 74:346–358, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A universal equivalent circuit for carbon-based supercapacitors
Authors: Fletcher Stephen , Black Victoria Jane , Kirkpatrick Iain 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A universal equivalent circuit is proposed for carbon-based supercapacitors. The circuit, which actually applies to all porous electrodes having non-branching pores, consists of a single vertical ladder network in series with an RC parallel network. This elegant arrangement explains the three most important shortcomings of present-day supercapacitors, namely open circuit voltage decay, capacitance loss at high frequency, and voltammetric distortion at high scan rate. It also explains the shape of the complex plane impedance plots of commercial devices and reveals why the equivalent series capacitance increases with temperature. Finally, the construction of a solid-state supercapacitor simulator is described. This device is based on a truncated version of the universal equivalent circuit, and it allows experimenters to explore the responses of different supercapacitor designs without having to modify real supercapacitors.
Synthesis of Poly(maleic anhydride‐co‐taurine) as a Biodegradable Detergent Builder
Authors: Pan Lihui , Guo Jianwei , Zhu Dongyu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBiodegradable poly(maleic anhydride‐co‐taurine) was synthesized by anionic ring‐opening copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MA) and taurine. The structures were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and mass spectroscopy. The weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymers was tested using multi‐angle laser light scattering instrument. The biodegradability of the copolymers was judged by the shaking table test method. The possibility of the copolymers to be a detergent builder was assessed in terms of the calcium sequestration capacity which was evaluated in accordance with the China National Standard method (GB/T 21884‐2008) and dispersive power test. The results showed that the copolymers were biodegradable, and possessed a high calcium sequestration capacity and a good dispersancy, which were environment‐friendly detergent builders.