bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloprotease‐2 and matrix metalloprotease‐9 in the disks of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Authors: Almeida Luis Eduardo , Caporal Karina , Ambros Viviane , Azevedo Marina , Noronha Lucia , Leonardi Rosy , Trevilatto Paula C 
Published: July 2014

PurposeMatrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are tissue‐remodeling enzymes that function during the remodeling process, such as in immune‐inflammatory diseases. Metalloprotease‐2 (MMP‐2) and metalloprotease‐9 (MMP‐9) are gelatinases that degrade several types of extracellular matrix collagen. It is hypothesized that in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression levels may be elevated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the association of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression with temporomandibular joint dysfunction using an immunohistochemical approach to evaluate the joint disk.Material and MethodsA total of 45 human temporomandibular joint samples were collected, with 36 samples in the test group (patients with anterior disk displacement with reduction (n = 29) and without reduction (n = 7)) and nine samples in the control group. The immunostaining of the TMJ disks was statistically compared between the groups (P < 0.05).ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference for the area of MMP‐2 immunostaining between the control group and the displacement disks with reduction group (ADDwR) (P = 0.048) and between the groups with disk displacement and without reduction (ADDwoR) (P = 0.029). The expression of MMP‐2 was significantly elevated in the ADDwoR group.ConclusionNo statistically significant difference was found between the variable area of MMP‐9 expression in the disk with and without disk displacement, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. However, there was an elevation of MMP‐2 expression in the disks of patients with displacement and without reduction (more severe alteration).
In situ immunohistochemical detection of intracellular Mycoplasma salivarium in the epithelial cells of oral leukoplakia
Authors: Mizuki Harumi , Kawamura Takafumi , Nagasawa Dai 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundMycoplasmas are the smallest free‐living organisms; Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma orale are the most common species isolated from the oropharynx. Oral leukoplakia is the most prevalent potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa; its etiology has not been defined. Our previous study with DNA‐binding fluorescent dye suggested the presence of mycoplasmas in the epithelial cells of leukoplakia tissue.ObjectiveOur aim was to detect M. salivarium in the epithelial cells of leukoplakia by immunohistochemistry.DesignWe produced a polyclonal antibody (PAb) reactive to Mycoplasma by injecting a rabbit with M. salivarium cells (ATCC 23064) mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant and a monoclonal antibody specific to M. salivarium by injecting M. salivarium cells (ATCC 23557) mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant into the footpads of a rat. Then, we attempted to detect M. salivarium in the epithelium of leukoplakia tissues by immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe obtained an antimycoplasma rabbit PAb reactive to all seven Mycoplasma species used in this study. Three hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies specific to M. salivarium were obtained, and an M. salivarium‐specific monoclonal antibody, designated 7‐6H, was established. Immunohistochemistry with these antibodies revealed M. salivarium in the epithelial cells of leukoplakia with hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis on histology. PCR and sequencing verified the presence of M. salivarium DNA in the epithelial cells of leukoplakia.ConclusionIntracellular M. salivarium was identified in the epithelial cells of leukoplakia.
Overwintering of Monilinia spp. on Mummified Stone Fruit
Authors: Casals Carla , Segarra Joan , De Cal Antonieta , Lamarca Neus , Usall Josep 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMummies were evaluated over the course of four growing seasons to ensure they are source of primary inoculum. The percentage of mummies with presence of conidia and its viability were determined in tree and ground mummies. The number of conidia and its germination were also quantified. Fruit mummies with Monilinia spp. were consistently detected on tree mummies in all studied orchards and growing seasons. However, the percentage of viable mummies over the same sampling periods decreased, and in most cases, it was 0% by October. The percentage of ground mummies with Monilinia spp. was lower and less viable in comparison with tree mummies, tending to decrease faster. The number of overwintering conidia in tree mummies decreased smoothly from 1 × 106 to 1 × 104 conidia/mummy between April and September. On the other hand, the number of conidia in ground mummies rapidly decreased to 0 conidia/mummy at around May–July. The profiles for the percentage of conidia germinated were similar in all cases. The information obtained from this study is a step forward to understanding the epidemiology of Monilinia spp., a useful tool to manage disease development.
Cognitive Safety and Overall Tolerability of Imidafenacin in Clinical Use: A Long‐Term, Open‐Label, Post‐Marketing Surveillance Study
Authors: SAKAKIBARA Ryuji , HAMANO Hitoshi , YAGI Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of imidafenacin on cognitive function, including the conversion rate of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia, in a period of one year.MethodsPatients newly administered imidafenacin to treat overactive bladder (OAB), including those who had MCI or dementia, were surveyed across Japan (cognitive safety analysis set [CSAS]), on all of whom we performed the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline, 24‐ and 48‐weeks after treatment. From CSAS, we extracted well described cases of OAB change as well as drug‐related adverse events of dry mouth etc. (efficacy analysis set [EAS]). From CSAS, we extracted MCI cases (MCI set [MCIS]) to analyze the conversion rate of MCI to dementia. MCI is defined by exclusion of normal individual and apparent dementia.ResultsThe cognitive safety analysis set comprised 187 patients who were collected from 51 medical institutions, and no significant decrease was noted in the MMSE scores in the patients during follow‐up. EAS comprised 176 patients. In this group, drug‐related adverse events such as dry mouth were reported in 15 (8.5%). MCIS comprised 145 patients. In this group, the annual conversion rate of MCI to dementia was 3.6%, and this rate did not exceed those reported in past epidemiological studies (6.8–16.1% per year).ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that imidafenacin can be used safely for cognitively vulnerable patients with OAB.
Are Niemann‐Pick type C proteins key players in cnidarian–dinoflagellate endosymbioses?
Authors: Dani Vincent , Ganot Philippe , Priouzeau Fabrice , Furla Paola , Sabourault Cecile 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe symbiotic interaction between cnidarians, such as corals and sea anemones, and the unicellular algae Symbiodinium is regulated by yet poorly understood cellular mechanisms, despite the ecological importance of coral reefs. These mechanisms, including host–symbiont recognition and metabolic exchange, control symbiosis stability under normal conditions, but also lead to symbiosis breakdown (bleaching) during stress. This study describes the repertoire of the sterol‐trafficking proteins Niemann‐Pick type C (NPC1 and NPC2) in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis. We found one NPC1 gene in contrast to the two genes (NPC1 and NPC1L1) present in vertebrate genomes. While only one NPC2 gene is present in many metazoans, this gene has been duplicated in cnidarians, and we detected four NPC2 genes in A. viridis. However, only one gene (AvNPC2‐d) was upregulated in symbiotic relative to aposymbiotic sea anemones and displayed higher expression in the gastrodermis (symbiont‐containing tissue) than in the epidermis. We performed immunolabelling experiments on tentacle cross sections and demonstrated that the AvNPC2‐d protein was closely associated with symbiosomes. In addition, AvNPC1 and AvNPC2‐d gene expression was strongly downregulated during stress. These data suggest that AvNPC2‐d is involved in both the stability and dysfunction of cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbioses.
Dialysis outcomes of elderly Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians
Authors: McKercher Charlotte , Chan Hoi Wong , Clayton Philip A , McDonald Stephen , Jose Matthew D 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimWhilst increasing numbers of elderly people in Australia are commencing dialysis, few Indigenous patients are aged ≥65 years and their outcomes are unknown. We compared the long‐term survival, mortality hazards and causes of death between elderly Indigenous and elderly non‐Indigenous dialysis patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of adults aged ≥65 years who commenced dialysis in Australia from 2001–2011, identified from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry. Indigenous (n = 263) and non‐Indigenous (n = 10713) patients were followed until death, loss to follow‐up, recovery of renal function or 31 December 2011. Mortality was compared using a multivariate Cox proportional‐hazards model with age, gender, body mass index, smoking, primary renal disease, comorbidities, late referral and initial treatment modality as predictive variables.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 26.9 months (interquartile range 11.3–48.8 months). Overall 166 Indigenous and 6265 non‐Indigenous patients died during the 11‐year follow‐up period. Mortality rates per 100 patient‐years were 23.9 for Indigenous patients and 21.2 for non‐Indigenous patients. The overall 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 81%, 49% and 27% for Indigenous patients and 82%, 55% and 35% for non‐Indigenous patients respectively. Indigenous patients had a 20% increased risk of mortality compared with non‐Indigenous patients (adjusted hazard ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval, 1.02, 1.41; P = 0.02). ‘Social deaths’ (predominantly dialysis withdrawal) and cardiac deaths were the main causes of death for both groups.ConclusionAmong elderly dialysis patients in Australia, Indigenous status remains an important factor in predicting survival.
Neuromodulation of perineally transposed antropylorus with pudendal nerve anastomosis following total anorectal reconstruction in humans
Authors: Chandra Abhijit , Malhotra Hardeep S. , M Noushif , Gupta Vishal , Singh Sunil K. , Kumar Neeraj , Lalla Rakesh S. , Chandra Ayush , Garg Ravindra K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe have reported perineal antropyloric segment transposition with its pudendal innervation as a replacement for anal sphincter. Our aim herein was to neuromodulate this segment by electrical stimulation.MethodsEight patients with a permanent colostomy underwent perineal antropyloric segment transposition followed by neural anastomosis of its anterior vagus branch to pudendal nerve branch in the perineum. Perineal antropyloric graft was assessed for its functional integrity and electrophysiological effects. Nerve stimulation was done by surface stimulation technique, using a customized stimulation protocol for smooth muscle. Antral pressures were recorded on voluntary attempts and on nerve stimulation with simultaneous concentric needle electromyography of the perineal antropylorus.Key ResultsThe antral segment showed slow spontaneous contractions (2–3/min) on digital examination, endoscopy, and electrophysiology. Stimulated antropyloric electromyography showed a latency of 2–5 s with a differential rise in amplitude (mean range 58.57–998.75 μV) according to the frequency of stimulation (range 10–150 Hz). An average latency of 10 s in relation to rise in the antral pressure was observed on pudendal nerve stimulation. Triggering of the intrinsic rhythm was observed in patients where it was initially absent. Voluntary attempts at contraction also showed a rise in perineally transposed antral pressure.Conclusions & InferencesSpontaneous rhythm, its generation after electrical stimulation, and response to voluntary contraction demonstrates the viability and functional reinnervation of the perineally transposed antropyloric segment. Rise in pressure on electrical stimulation shows evidence for its neuromodulation.
Using Compulsory Mobility to Identify School Quality and Peer Effects
Authors: Kramarz Francis , Machin Stephen , Ouazad Amine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEducation production functions that feature school and student fixed effects are identified using students' school mobility. However, student mobility is driven by factors like parents' labour market shocks and divorce. Movers experience large achievement drops, are more often minority and free meal students, and sort endogenously into peer groups and school types. We exploit an English institutional feature whereby some students must change schools between grades 2 and 3. We find no evidence of endogenous sorting of such compulsory movers across peer groups or school types. Non‐compulsory movers bias school quality estimates downward by as much as 20% of a SD.
One‐year follow up of PTSD and depression in elderly aboriginal people in Taiwan after Typhoon Morakot
Authors: Chen Yi‐Lung , Hsu Wen‐Yau , Lai Chung‐Sheng , Tang Tze‐Chun , Wang Peng‐Wei , Yeh Yi‐Chung , Huang Mei‐Feng , Yen Cheng‐Fang , Chen Cheng‐Sheng 
Published: July 2014

AimThis paper describes a 1‐year follow‐up of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and depression in an elderly minority population who experienced Typhoon Morakot in Taiwan.MethodsThe PTSD Symptom Scale – Interview and the 10‐item short form Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale were used to examine PTSD symptomatology and depression in 120 victims at 3–6 months and in 88 victims (73.3% reinterview rate) at 11–12 months after the disaster. Further, we looked for associations between stress, prognosis, and development of PTSD symptomatology and depression.ResultsThe prevalence of PTSD symptomatology decreased from 29.2% (35/120) at 3–6 months to 15.9% (14/88) at 11–12 months. The prevalence of depression, however, increased from 43.3% (52/120) to 46.6% (41/88). No factor was associated with follow‐up PTSD symptomatology, and only the level of education was related to follow‐up depression. Generally, the risk factors of age, sex, symptomatology of PTSD and depression at baseline, and stressor of unemployment predicted new‐onset or chronic PTSD symptomatology and depression. Delayed‐onset depression 48.0% (24/50) was more common than delayed‐onset PTSD symptomatology 11.3% (7/62). Chronic and delayed‐onset PTSD symptomatology were more easily developed with depression.ConclusionAlthough PTSD and depression were separate consequences of trauma, they emerged and affected mental health together. We documented the courses of PTSD and depression among elderly aboriginal people, and the possible effects of demographic, symptomatology, and adverse life stressors were discussed.
Rapid Sonosynthesis of N‐Doped Nano TiO2 on Wool Fabric at Low Temperature: Introducing Self‐cleaning, Hydrophilicity, Antibacterial/Antifungal Properties with low Alkali Solubility, Yellowness and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Behzadnia Amir , Montazer Majid , Rashidi Abousaeid , Mahmoudi Rad Mahnaz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNano nitrogen‐doped titanium dioxide was rapidly prepared by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide at 75–80°C using in situ sonochemical synthesis by introducing ammonia. Various concentrations of titanium isopropoxide were examined to deposit nano nitrogen‐doped titanium dioxide through impregnation of the wool fabric in ultrasound bath followed by curing. The antibacterial/antifungal activities of wool samples were assessed against two common pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the diploid fungus Candida albicans. The sonotreated wool fabrics indicated no adverse effects on human dermal fibroblasts. The presence of nanoparticles on the sonotreated wool fabrics were confirmed by FE‐SEM images and EDS patterns and X‐ray mapping and the crystalline size of nanoparticles were estimated through XRD results. The role of both pH and precursor concentration on the various properties of the fabric was investigated and the optimized conditions introduced using response surface methodology.
Childbirth Within the Risk Society
Authors: Scamell Mandie 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDespite the fact that the speciality of obstetrics is considered to be a high risk area, indeed it is estimated that in the UK, maternity services account for massive 60% of all the NHS litigation claims burden; scholarly activity in childbirth performance as part of the risk society is relatively underdeveloped when compared to other areas of health. It is the extent of the influence of risk upon the maternity services that makes this underdevelopment especially striking. In an effort to present childbirth as a worthwhile site for empirical investigation and theoretical discussion, this paper attempts to review the sociology of childbirth and to consolidate some of the multidisciplinary contributions made to date on childbirth within the risk society.
Mediatized Ritual – Expanding the Field in the Study of Media and Ritual
Authors: Sumiala Johanna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe purpose of the article Mediatized ritual – Expanding the field in the study of media and ritual is to identify the key debates in present‐day scholarship on media and ritual and bring them into dialogue with current theorizing on the mediatization of society and culture. The article consists of three parts. The first presents a short outline of the study of media and ritual in modern life. The second discusses the idea of mediatized ritual as an evolving concept in the field. The third provides an empirical illustration of the mediatization of ritual by applying the concept to the analysis of the death of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013). In conclusion, it is argued that to study mediatized rituals in today's society is to face the theoretical and empirical challenge of engaging the two social realms of ritual and media in a close interplay. This intellectual venture changes our understanding not only of rituals and media (what they are and what they do) but also of society. This said, to study mediatized rituals is, in fact, to study society in action.
Consent for blood transfusion: Do patients understand the risks and benefits?
Authors: Cheung D. , Lieberman L. , Lin Y. , Callum J. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYBackground and ObjectivesBlood transfusion is a frequent medical intervention in hospitals. The benefits of, risks of and alternatives to blood transfusions are not consistently understood by patients. The objective of this study was to assess gaps in knowledge and comfort with the current process of consenting patients for blood transfusions. A standardised video regarding the risk and benefits of blood transfusions was developed and feedback regarding this tool was assessed.MethodsAfter informed consent had been obtained, 25 patients receiving their first transfusion at a single academic centre were asked to complete a survey, watch a standardised educational video and complete a follow‐up survey.ResultsThe patient survey revealed that the information recollected from informed consent discussions was variable and incomplete. After the informed consent discussion, the majority of patients were comfortable with having a blood transfusion, although one‐third did express concerns or worry about having a blood transfusion. After viewing the video, patients felt that the video improved their understanding of the risks (7·3 of 10), benefits (6·9 of 10) and alternatives (7·1 of 10) to transfusion, but it did not change their comfort with blood transfusion consent.ConclusionPatients experienced a variable informed consent process prior to blood transfusion. Although the video improved their understanding of risks, it did not improve patient comfort towards giving consent for transfusion as the level of comfort was already high. The video is available online (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxaPnLkgh‐0) as an optional resource for patients (and physicians) who wish to receive standardised and accurate information about blood transfusions.
Transfusion‐related adverse events in the Platelet Dose study
Authors: Kaufman Richard M. , Assmann Susan F. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Strauss Ronald G. , Ness Paul , Granger Suzanne , Slichter Sherrill J. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundHow platelet (PLT) product characteristics such as dose, source (whole blood derived [WBD] vs. apheresis), storage duration, and ABO matching status affect the risks of transfusion‐related adverse events (TRAEs) is unclear. Similarly, more information is needed to define how recipient characteristics affect the frequency of TRAEs after PLT transfusion.Study Design and MethodsIn the multicenter Platelet Dose (“PLADO”) study, pediatric and adult hematology‐oncology patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia were randomized to receive low‐dose (LD), medium‐dose (MD), or high‐dose (HD) PLT prophylaxis for a pretransfusion PLT count of not more than 10 × 109/L. All PLT units (apheresis or WBD) were leukoreduced. Post hoc analyses of PLADO data were performed using multipredictor models.ResultsA total of 5034 PLT transfusions to 1102 patients were analyzed. A TRAE occurred with 501 PLT transfusions (10.0%). The most common TRAEs were fever (6.6% of transfusions), allergic or hypersensitivity reactions (1.9%), and sinus tachycardia (1.8%). Patients assigned HD PLTs were more likely than LD or MD patients to experience any TRAE (odds ratio for HD vs. MD, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.10‐2.05; three‐group comparison p = 0.02). PLT source and ABO matching status were not significantly related to overall TRAE risk. Compared to a patient's first PLT transfusion, subsequent PLT transfusions were less likely to have a TRAE reported, primarily due to a lower risk of allergic or hypersensitivity reactions.ConclusionThe most important PLT unit characteristic associated with TRAEs was PLT dose per transfusion. HD PLTs may increase the risk of TRAEs, and LD PLTs may reduce the risk.