bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ШТЕТНИ ЕФЕКТИ КОРИШЋЕЊА МОБИЛНОГ ТЕЛЕФОНА КОД ДЕЦЕ
Authors: Bašić Ana , Viduka Dejan 
Published: June 2015

Посматрано са здравственог, етичког и социјалног аспекта мобилни телефони представљају опасност за децу предшколског и школског узраста. Неопходно је указати на ризике који постоје при употреби мобилног телефона код деце старости до 10 година. Из нашег разлога, потребно је сагледати неке битне аспекте коришћења мобилних телефона од стране деце, као што су узраст и број деце која користе мобилни телефон, доступност Интернета посредством мобилног телефона, познавање безбедносних информација при употреби мобилног телефона, итд. У раду су приказани резултати истраживања спроведеног на узорку од 50 родитеља деце предшколског и школског узраста везани за наведене аспекте. Каоинструмент за прикупљање одговарајућих података неопходних за истраживање коришћен је електронски упитник. На крају рада изложени су предлози за смањење постојећих ризика, а све у циљу заштите здравља и безбедности деце.
ZLOUPOTREBE ELEKTRONSKE POŠTE
Authors: Ubavić Vladica , Bogdanović Branislav , Milićević Violeta 
Published: June 2015

Kada želimo da dobro i razumno objasnimo na koji način Internet radi i funkcioniše, nedvosmisleno naglašavamo da je to neformalan i jedan potpuno otvoren medij. Na Internetu informacije (podaci) slobodno teku i svakako ako slobodno teku svima su i dostupne, što ima za cilj da svako svoje informacije može i da plasira u svet. Potpuna i u pravom smislu reči Demokratija rekli bi mnogi. Međutim, nažalost Internet sve više liči na potpunu anarhiju. Sve je više korisnika interneta koji slobodu, odnosno anonimnost, koju pruža “globalna mreža” tumače na jedan sasvim pogrešan način. Takvi korisnici Interneta koriste internet servise na takav način da nanose veliku štetu, kako drugim internet korisnicicima, tako i velikim organizacijama i sistemima koji posluju na “mreži”. Uzimajući u obzir značaj sigurnosti elektronske pošte, u ovom radu analizirani su negativni efekti zloupotrebe, kao i načini zaštite elktronske pošte.
Mémoire généalogique et mariages consanguins chez les Qoms du Chaco argentin
Authors: Tola Florencia , Deschamps Geneviève 
Published: June 2015

Le but de cet article est d’analyser deux aspects du système de parenté des Tobas (Qoms) du Chaco argentin : la mémoire généalogique et les mariages consanguins. À cette fin, l’auteure analyse d’abord les données ethnographiques et généalogiques recueillies entre 2002 et aujourd’hui dans trois communautés du centre de la province de Formosa, dans le Chaco argentin : San Carlos, Santo Domingo et Riacho de Oro, puis elle démontre l’existence d’une inflexion matrilinéaire dans la mémoire des hommes et des femmes tobas en examinant quelques cas de mariages consanguins.
Optical methods for visualization of ultrasound fields
Authors: Kudo Nobuki 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A brief review of optical techniques for visualizing ultrasound fields is given. Acousto-optic interaction is discussed as a basic principle for visualizing inhomogeneity in refractive index fields. Light diffraction and deflection are also discussed as important phenomena, especially for visualization of ultrasound fields. Three techniques, Schlieren, phase contrast, and shadowgraph techniques, used for visualization of ultrasound fields are reviewed with discussion of the differences in optical systems and visualized field images. A newly developed focused shadowgraph technique that achieves sensitive detection with simple optics is introduced, and its usefulness for visualization of very short pulses of diagnostic ultrasound equipment is shown.
Decreasing spatial variability in precipitation extremes in southwestern China and the local/large‐scale influencing factors
Authors: Liu Meixian , Xu Xianli , Sun Alex 
Published: June 2015

AbstractClimate extremes can cause devastating damage to human society and ecosystems. Recent studies have drawn many conclusions about trends in climate extremes, but few have focused on quantitative analysis of their spatial variability and underlying mechanisms. By using the techniques of overlapping moving windows, the Mann‐Kendall trend test, correlation, and stepwise regression, this study examined the spatial‐temporal variation of precipitation extremes and investigated the potential key factors influencing this variation in southwestern (SW) China, a globally important biodiversity hot spot and climate‐sensitive region. Results showed that the changing trends of precipitation extremes were not spatially uniform, but the spatial variability of these precipitation extremes decreased from 1959 to 2012. Further analysis found that atmospheric circulations rather than local factors (land cover, topographic conditions, etc.) were the main cause of such precipitation extremes. This study suggests that droughts or floods may become more homogenously widespread throughout SW China. Hence, region‐wide assessments and coordination are needed to help mitigate the economic and ecological impacts.
Long‐term observation of permeability in sedimentary rocks under high‐temperature and stress conditions and its interpretation mediated by microstructural investigations
Authors: Yasuhara Hideaki , Kinoshita Naoki , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Takahashi Manabu , Ito Kazumasa , Kishida Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, a series of long‐term, intermittent permeability experiments utilizing Berea sandstone and Horonobe mudstone samples, with and without a single artificial fracture, is conducted for more than 1000 days to examine the evolution of rock permeability under relatively high‐temperature and confining pressure conditions. Effluent element concentrations are also measured throughout the experiments. Before and after flow‐through experiments, rock samples are prepared for X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy to examine the mineralogical changes between pre and postexperimental samples, and also for microfocus X‐ray CT to evaluate the alteration of the microstructure. Although there are exceptions, the observed, qualitative evolution of permeability is found to be generally consistent in both the intact and the fractured rock samples—the permeability in the intact rock samples increases with time after experiencing no significant changes in permeability for the first several hundred days, while that in the fractured rock samples decreases with time. An evaluation of the Damkohler number and of the net dissolution, using the measured element concentrations, reveals that the increase in permeability can most likely be attributed to the relative dominance of the mineral dissolution in the pore spaces, while the decrease can most likely be attributed to the mineral dissolution/crushing at the propping asperities within the fracture. Taking supplemental observations by microfocus X‐ray CT and using the intact sandstone samples, a slight increase in relatively large pore spaces is seen. This supports the increase in permeability observed in the flow‐through experiments.
Updating real‐time flood forecasts via the dynamic system response curve method
Authors: Si Wei , Bao Weimin , Gupta Hoshin V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe accuracy of flood forecasts generated using spatially lumped hydrological models can be severely affected by errors in the estimates of areal mean rainfall. The quality of the latter depends both on the size and type of errors in point‐based rainfall measurements, and on the density and spatial arrangement of rain gauges in the basin. Here we use error feedback correction, based on the dynamic system response curve (DSRC) method, to compute updated estimates of the rainfall inputs. The method is evaluated via synthetic and real‐data cases, showing that the method works as theoretically expected. The ability of the method to improve the accuracy of real‐time flood forecasts is then demonstrated using 20 basins of different sizes and having different rain gauge densities. We find that the degree of forecast improvement is more significant for larger basins and for basins with lower rain gauge density. The method is relatively simple to apply and can improve the accuracy and stability of real‐time model predictions without increasing either model complexity and/or the number of model parameters.
Di‐tert‐butyl Peroxide (DTBP)‐Mediated Oxidative Cross‐ Coupling of Isochroman and Indole Derivatives
Authors: Jin Likun , Feng Jie , Lu Guoping , Cai Chun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA metal‐free CC bond formation method via the oxidative cross‐coupling reaction of isochroman and indole derivatives was established. Various α‐fuctionalized cyclic ethers were achieved in satisfactory yields using di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) as the oxidant. This method is also a potentially efficient strategy for the construction of cyclic ether‐containing targets.magnified image
Pseudoephedrine‐Directed Asymmetric α‐Arylation of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Atkinson Rachel C. , Fernández‐Nieto Fernando , Mas Roselló Josep , Clayden Jonathan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAvailable α‐amino acids undergo arylation at their α position in an enantioselective manner on treatment with base of N′‐aryl urea derivatives ligated to pseudoephedrine as a chiral auxiliary. In situ silylation and enolization induces diastereoselective migration of the N′‐aryl group to the α position of the amino acid, followed by ring closure to a hydantoin with concomitant explulsion of the recyclable auxiliary. The hydrolysis of the hydantoin products provides derivatives of quaternary amino acids. The arylation avoids the use of heavy‐metal additives, and is successful with a range of amino acids and with aryl rings of varying electronic character.
Mechanically strong nanocomposite films based on highly filled carboxymethyl cellulose with graphene oxide
Authors: El Achaby Mounir , El Miri Nassima , Snik Asmae , Zahouily Mohamed , Abdelouahdi Karima , Fihri Aziz , Barakat Abdellatif , Solhy Abderrahim 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBiopolymer nanocomposite films were prepared by adding exfoliated graphene oxide nanosheets (GOn) into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at low and high GOn loadings (0.4–7 wt %). As firstly evidenced by viscosity of film‐forming solutions, microscopic observations and infrared spectroscopy measurements, it was found that the GOn form a three‐dimensional network throughout strong interfacial interactions with CMC, confirming that the GOn were well dispersed within the CMC, even at high GOn content, owing to the presence of several multifunctional groups on both phases which ensured the high compatibility between them. The topography of as prepared films was characterized by atomic force microscopy measurements showing that the films have a smooth surface with a very low average roughness for all range of GOn contents. Furthermore, the thermal stability, glass transition temperature, and tensile properties of nanocomposite films were gradually increased with increasing of GOn contents. By adding 7 wt % GOn, 18% increases of thermal stability, 17% of glass transition temperature, 623% of Young's modulus, and 268% of tensile strength were achieved. This work produced structured CMC‐based nanocomposite films containing low and high loadings of well‐dispersed GOn. The high performances of these films can be expected to have potential in biomaterials or packaging materials applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42356.
Influences of Conjugation Extent on the Aggregation‐Induced Emission Quantum Efficiency in Silole Derivatives: A Computational Study
Authors: Xie Yujun , Zhang Tian , Li Zhen , Peng Qian , Yi Yuanping , Shuai Zhigang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe photophysical properties of a series of silole derivatives, with hydrogen (TPS), bromine (BrTPS), and conjugated phenyl (HPS), triphenylsilyethynyl (BTPES), and dimethylfluorene (BFTPS) substituents at 2,5‐positions in both gas and aggregate phases have been investigated computationally by employing the correlation function rate formalism coupled with a hybrid quantum/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. It is found that the solid‐state fluorescence quantum efficiency first increases sharply with the degree of π‐conjugation of the 2,5‐substituents, then levels off, and finally starts to decrease slightly. This is because the side‐group conjugation tends to enhance the radiative decay rate in both gas and solid phases. However, a further increase in conjugation leads to saturation in the radiative decay rate but increases the non‐raditiave decay rate due to the decreased energy gap.
StructureActivity Relationships of Antimicrobial Gallic Acid Derivatives from Pomegranate and Acacia Fruit Extracts against Potato Bacterial Wilt Pathogen
Authors: Farag Mohamed A. , Al‐Mahdy Dalia A. , Salah El Dine Riham , Fahmy Sherifa , Yassin Aymen , Porzel Andrea , Brandt Wolfgang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBacterial wilts of potato, tomato, pepper, and or eggplant caused by Ralstonia solanacearum are among the most serious plant diseases worldwide. In this study, the issue of developing bactericidal agents from natural sources against R. solanacearum derived from plant extracts was addressed. Extracts prepared from 25 plant species with antiseptic relevance in Egyptian folk medicine were screened for their antimicrobial properties against the potato pathogen R. solancearum by using the disc‐zone inhibition assay and microtitre plate dilution method. Plants exhibiting notable antimicrobial activities against the tested pathogen include extracts from Acacia arabica and Punica granatum. Bioactivity‐guided fractionation of A. arabica and P. granatum resulted in the isolation of bioactive compounds 3,5‐dihydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzoic acid and gallic acid, in addition to epicatechin. All isolates displayed significant antimicrobial activities against R. solanacearum (MIC values 0.5–9 mg/ml), with 3,5‐dihydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzoic acid being the most effective one with a MIC value of 0.47 mg/ml. We further performed a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study for the inhibition of R. solanacearum growth by ten natural, structurally related benzoic acids.
Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Activity of Carbon Nitrides by Complex Templating
Authors: Chen Zu Peng , Antonietti Markus , Dontsova Dariya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCarbon nitrides with the increased surface areas (≈90 m2 g−1) were prepared by the heat‐treatment of melamine–[Al(NO3)3]⋅9 H2O complexes. Here, [Al(NO3)3]⋅9 H2O was successfully used as a “green template” and a hydrogen‐bonding partner of melamine, simultaneously providing a distinct porosity and defined particle morphology for the resulting carbon nitrides. The influence of the solvent and precursors ratio on the stoichiometry of the complexes, as well as the morphology, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of resulting products for Rhodamine B degradation and sacrificial hydrogen evolution were investigated. We also studied the temperature‐induced transformations of the starting complex to access the reaction mechanism. The developed synthesis procedure results in a significantly increased photocatalytic activity (up to 20‐fold) compared with that of the ground reference material.
Innovativeness and business relationships in women‐owned firms: The role of gender stereotypes
Authors: del Mar Fuentes‐Fuentes María , Bojica Ana Maria , Ruiz‐Arroyo Matilde , Welter Friederike 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between business contacts and innovativeness in women‐owned firms and how women entrepreneurs’ perception of gender stereotypes affects this relationship. Data were collected through a survey of 107 women entrepreneurs in Spain. The results show that maintaining close contacts with managers/entrepreneurs in different industries and with customers is significant in explaining innovativeness in women‐owned firms. The stronger the women entrepreneurs’ perception of stereotypes that deviate from the masculine profile of the entrepreneur, the stronger the influence of these two types of close contact on innovativeness. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure–Activity Relationships of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles: Selective Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase‐2 Activity
Authors: Kong Xianqi , Vukomanovic Dragic , Nakatsu Kanji , Szarek Walter A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDevising ways to up‐ or down‐regulate heme oxygenase activity is attracting much interest as a strategy for the treatment of a variety of disorders. With a view of obtaining compounds that exhibit high potency and selectivity as inhibitors of the heme oxygenase‐2 (HO‐2) isozyme (constitutive) relative to the heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) isozyme (inducible), several 1,2‐disubstituted 1H‐benzimidazoles were designed and synthesized. Specifically, analogues were synthesized in which the C2 substituent was the following: (1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl, (N‐morpholinyl)methyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, or (norborn‐2‐yl)methyl. Compounds with the cyclic system in the C2 substituent being a carbocyclic ring, especially cyclohexyl or norborn‐2‐yl, and the N1 substituent being a ring‐substituted benzyl group, especially 4‐chlorobenzyl or 4‐bromobenzyl, best exhibited the target criteria of high potency and selectivity toward inhibition of HO‐2. The new candidates should be useful pharmacological tools and may have therapeutic applications.
Molecular Sensing with Hyperpolarized 129Xe Using Switchable Chemical Exchange Relaxation Transfer
Authors: Zamberlan Francesco , Lesbats Clémentine , Rogers Nicola J. , Krupa James L. , Pavlovskaya Galina E. , Thomas Neil R. , Faas Henryk M. , Meersmann Thomas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn approach for hyperpolarized 129Xe molecular sensors is explored using paramagnetic relaxation agents that can be deactivated upon chemical or enzymatic reaction with an analyte. Cryptophane encapsulated 129Xe within the vicinity of the paramagnetic center experiences fast relaxation that, through chemical exchange of xenon atoms between cage and solvent pool, causes accelerated hyperpolarized 129Xe signal decay in the dissolved phase. In this proof‐of‐concept work, the relaxivity of GadoliniumIII‐DOTA on 129Xe in the solvent was increased eightfold through tethering of the paramagnetic molecule to a cryptophane cage. This potent relaxation agent can be ′turned off′ specifically for 129Xe through chemical reactions that spatially separate the GdIII centre from the attached cryptophane cage. Unlike 129Xe chemical shift based sensors, the new concept does not require high spectral resolution and may lead to a new generation of responsive contrast agents for molecular MRI.
The Role of Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury and Binge‐Eating/Purging Behaviours in Family Functioning in Eating Disorders
Authors: Depestele Lies , Claes Laurence , Dierckx Eva , Baetens Imke , Schoevaerts Katrien , Lemmens Gilbert M. D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate family functioning of restrictive and binge‐eating/purging eating disordered adolescents with or without non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI), as perceived by the patients and their parents (mothers and fathers). In total, 123 patients (between 14 and 24 years), 98 mothers and 79 fathers completed the Family Assessment Device. Patients completed the Self‐Injury Questionnaire‐Treatment Related and the Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised. No main effects were found of restrictive versus binge‐eating/purging behaviour nor of presence/absence of NSSI. For the parents, a significant interaction between binge‐eating/purging behaviour and NSSI emerged: Mothers and fathers reported worse family functioning in the binge‐eating/purging group in presence of NSSI, whereas mothers reported worse family functioning in the restrictive group without NSSI. Parental perception of family functioning is affected by the combined presence of binge‐eating/purging behaviour and NSSI. This finding should be taken into account when treating families living with eating disorders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The toxicity of glyphosate alone and glyphosate–surfactant mixtures to western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) tadpoles
Authors: Vincent Kim , Davidson Carlos 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Pesticide choice based on toxicity to nontarget wildlife is reliant on available toxicity data. Despite a number of recent studies examining the effects of glyphosate on amphibians, very few have aimed to understand the toxicological effects of glyphosate in combination with surfactants as it is commonly applied in the field. Land managers interested in making pesticide choices based on minimizing impacts to nontarget wildlife are hindered by a lack of published toxicity data. Short-term acute toxicity trials were conducted for glyphosate in the form of isopropylamine salt (IPA) alone and mixed with 2 surfactants: Agri-dex and Competitor with western toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] boreas) tadpoles. Glyphosate IPA mixed with Competitor was 6 times more toxic than glyphosate IPA mixed with Agri-dex, and both mixtures were more toxic than glyphosate IPA alone. The median lethal concentrations reported for 24-h and 48-h exposures were 8279 mg/L (24 h) and 6392 mg/L (48 h) for glyphosate IPA alone; 5092 mg/L (24 h) and 4254 mg/L (48 h) for glyphosate IPA mixed with Agri-dex; and 853 mg/L (24 h) and 711 mg/L (48 h) for glyphosate IPA mixed with Competitor. The present study indicates that the toxicity of a tank mix may be greatly increased by the addition of surfactants and may vary widely depending on the specific surfactant. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2791–2795. © 2015 SETAC
Bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in Daphnia magna exposed to arsenite and arsenate
Authors: Fan Wenhong , Ren Jinqian , Li Xiaomin , Wei Chaoyang , Xue Feng , Zhang Nan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Arsenic pollution and its toxicity to aquatic organisms have attracted worldwide attention. The bioavailability and toxicity of arsenic are highly related to its speciation. The present study investigated the differences in bioaccumulation and oxidative stress responses in an aquatic organism, Daphnia magna, induced by 2 inorganic arsenic species (As(III) and As(V)). The bioaccumulation of arsenic, Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidative capability, and malondialdehyde content in D. magna were determined after exposure to 500 µg/L of arsenite and arsenate for 48 h. The results showed that the oxidative stress and antioxidative process in D. magna exposed to arsenite and arsenate could be divided into 3 phases, which were antioxidative response, oxidation inhibition, and antioxidative recovery. In addition, differences in bioaccumulation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and total SOD activity were also found in D. magna exposed to As(III) and As(V). These differences might have been the result of the high affinity of As(III) with sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and the structural similarity of As(V) to phosphate. Therefore, arsenate could be taken up by organisms through phosphate transporters, could substitute for phosphate in biochemical reactions, and could lead to a change in the bioaccumulation of arsenic and activity of enzymes. These characteristics were the possible reasons for the different toxicity mechanisms in the oxidative stress process of arsenite and arsenate. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2629–2635. © 2015 SETAC