bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific ultraviolet-C irradiation energy for functionalization of titanium surface to increase osteoblastic cellular attachment
Authors: Uchiyama Hiroshi , Yamada Masahiro , Ishizaki Ken , Sakurai Kaoru 
Published: November 2013

Purpose The objective of this in vitro study was to examine the influence of the total energy of ultraviolet-C preirradiation on the number and morphology of osteoblastic cells attached to turned or acid-etched titanium surfaces, and physicochemical properties of the surface. Materials and methods Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were incubated with turned or acid-etched titanium disks preirradiated with ultraviolet-C at 1 or 3 mW/cm2, resulting in total energies of 10, 100, 250, 400, 500, 600, 750, or 1000 J/cm2. Osteoblast attachment to the surface was evaluated using the WST-1 assay. Physicochemical changes of the titanium were evaluated by measuring water wettability and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Results Number of attached cells was greater on turned or acid-etched surface preirradiated with 500 or 750 J/cm2 of 3 mW/cm2 ultraviolet-C than on the nonirradiated surface, respectively. However, the further irradiation energy did not increase the numbers on both types of the surfaces. These phenomena were also seen on the surfaces preirradiated at different ultraviolet-C intensities. Ultraviolet-C irradiation induced superhydrophilicity on both types of surface even with the less irradiation energy. The amount of carbon on ultraviolet-C preirradiated titanium surfaces decreased gradually with an increase in the total irradiation energy. Conclusion Specific ultraviolet-C energy used to irradiate turned or acid-etched surfaces increased the number of osteoblastic cells attached to each of the surface. This was canceled by overirradiation, despite maintenance of both the acquired superhydrophilicity and the accompanying reduction in carbon on each surface.
Nosocomial suicide
Authors: Large Matthew , Ryan Christopher , Walsh Gerard , Stein-Parbury Jane , Patfield Martyn 
Published: November 2013

Objective and Method: To consider the possibility that adverse aspects of psychiatric hospitalisation may precipitate suicide contributing significantly to the increased rate of suicide among inpatients, given little has been published about this. Results and Conclusions: It is likely that psychiatric hospitalisation itself contributes to some inpatient suicides. This has significant implications for the delivery of inpatient psychiatric care.
The art and science of using routine outcome measurement in mental health benchmarking
Authors: McKay Roderick , Coombs Tim , Duerden David 
Published: November 2013

Objective: To report and critique the application of routine outcome measurement data when benchmarking Australian mental health services. Method: The experience of the authors as participants and facilitators of benchmarking activities is augmented by a review of the literature regarding mental health benchmarking in Australia. Results: Although the published literature is limited, in practice, routine outcome measures, in particular the Health of the National Outcomes Scales (HoNOS) family of measures, are used in a variety of benchmarking activities. Use in exploring similarities and differences in consumers between services and the outcomes of care are illustrated. This requires the rigour of science in data management and interpretation, supplemented by the art that comes from clinical experience, a desire to reflect on clinical practice and the flexibility to use incomplete data to explore clinical practice. Conclusions: Routine outcome measurement data can be used in a variety of ways to support mental health benchmarking. With the increasing sophistication of information development in mental health, the opportunity to become involved in benchmarking will continue to increase. The techniques used during benchmarking and the insights gathered may prove useful to support reflection on practice by psychiatrists and other senior mental health clinicians.
Case formulation and management using pattern-based formulation (PBF) methodology: clinical case 1
Authors: Fernando Irosh , Cohen Martin 
Published: November 2013

Objective: A tool for psychiatric case formulation known as pattern-based formulation (PBF) has been recently introduced. This paper presents an application of this methodology in formulating and managing complex clinical cases. Method: The symptomatology of the clinical presentation has been parsed into individual clinical phenomena and interpreted by selecting explanatory models. Results: The clinical presentation demonstrates how PBF has been used as a clinical tool to guide clinicians’ thinking, that takes a structured approach to manage multiple issues using a broad range of management strategies. In doing so, the paper also introduces a number of patterns related to the observed clinical phenomena that can be re-used as explanatory models when formulating other clinical cases. Conclusion: It is expected that this paper will assist clinicians, and particularly trainees, to better understand PBF methodology and apply it to improve their formulation skills.
Somatoform disorders in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Mohan Indra , Lawson-Smith Christine , Coall David A , Van der Watt Gillian , Janca Aleksandar 
Published: November 2013

Objective: To assess the frequency and characteristics of somatoform disorders in patients with chronic pain. Method: The study took place in the psychiatric outpatient clinic of a rehabilitation hospital. Participants were interviewed using the World Health Organization Somatoform Disorders Schedule (WHO-SDS) version 2.0. Thirty new and 30 current attendees to the clinic were interviewed following referral by pain medicine specialists. Results: Somatoform disorders were commonly co-morbid with chronic pain in the study population. Persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD) was the commonest somatoform disorder. There was a significant difference between women and men suffering from somatic autonomic dysfunction (SAD). Conclusions: The findings of this study confirm that somatoform disorders are common co-morbid diagnoses in patients with chronic pain. Combining psychological treatments with medication, appropriate physical treatments and attending to social issues, may indeed improve the well-being of such patients.
Baptism by conference: an effective Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists recruitment tool?
Authors: Sinha Shampa , Antao Shane , Gunn Jennifer , Yuen Tamara 
Published: November 2013

Objective: To explore common barriers medical students perceive to choosing psychiatry as a medical specialty as reflected in existing literature and the authors’ own experiences and whether funding student attendance of a Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Congress serves to overcome some of these perceptions. Conclusions: Common barriers to selecting psychiatry as a career include stigma due primarily to lack of information about this specialty; concerns about personal safety; concerns about losing clinical skills and fear of burn-out. Bursaries funding student attendance to the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2013 Congress were an excellent initiative that gave students a panoramic view of the variety of fields within the specialty and exposure to current debates and research, as well as the chance to discuss various subspecialties with keynote speakers and other professionals working in these areas. Undertaking more outreach activities and on-campus information sessions targeting final year students may help to further combat misperceptions and improve recruitment.
A Review of “Wandering” Instruments for People With Dementia Who Get Lost
Authors: White Eleanor Bantry , Montgomery Paul 
Published: November 2013

Objectives: This study is the first review to be conducted to evaluate measures of wandering behavior for identifying people with dementia at risk of getting lost. Method: Drawing upon systematic review search strategies, the relevant literature was reviewed for wandering instruments using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The psychometric properties of these were evaluated with reference to establishing the risk of getting lost. Results: The search yielded 34 instruments. Of these, one wandering-specific measure and four measures of behavioral change in dementia met inclusion criteria. The ability of these to confidently evaluate the risk of getting lost remains uncertain. Conclusion: Further research is required to more fully evaluate the psychometric properties of the retrieved instruments. This process is made complex by difficulties in defining wandering and getting lost and methodologically, by the absence of a criterion reference. Methodological developments are required to enhance assessment-focused reviews in the psychosocial intervention field.
Effects of Combination Therapy With Olmesartan and Azelnidipine on Serum Osteoprotegerin in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Uzui Hiroyasu , Morishita Tetsuji , Nakano Akira , Amaya Naoki , Fukuoka Yoshitomo , Ishida Kentaro , Arakawa Kenichiro , Lee Jong-Dae , Tada Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

Background: Vascular calcification is a potent predictor of plaque instability and cardiac events. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), well-known vascular calcification mediator, is a signaling molecule involved in bone remodeling, which has been implicated in the regulation of vascular calcification and atherogenesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the combination treatments of olmesartan/azelnidipine and olmesartan/diuretics on serum bone-related markers in patients with essential hypertension. Methods and Results: A total of 48 patients with hypertension treated with 20 mg olmesartan were randomized to receive combination treatment with 16 mg azelnidipine (O/A group) or diuretics (1 mg indapamide; O/D group) for 12 months. Osteoprotegerin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) were measured after 3 and 12 months of treatment. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured as the arterial stiffness using a VaSera CAVI instrument at the same time points. In both groups, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction is similar. Serum OPG, MMP-2, and hs-CRP were significantly decreased at 12 months in the O/A group ( P < .05), while there were no significant reductions in the O/D group. CAVI was significantly improved at 12 months in both the treatment groups. The improvement in CAVI was significantly greater in the O/A group than in the O/D group. Conclusion: Azelnidipine, but not indapamide, combined with olmesartan, improved arterial stiffness and were associated with significant decrease in OPG, MMP-2, and hs-CRP concentrations. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of the combination treatments of olmesartan/azelnidipine on arterial stiffness are mediated by alteration in bone-remodeling and inflammatory markers.
Correlation of ELISA Optical Density With Clinical Diagnosis of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Pearson Marc-André , Nadeau Chantal , Blais Normand 
Published: November 2013

Background: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antiplatelet factor 4 (anti-PF4)/heparin antibodies is expressed in terms of optical density (OD). Previous studies have shown correlation between OD and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) diagnosis. However, these were mainly laboratory based. Objective: Retrospective correlation of clinical HIT to ELISA OD. Patients/Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 104 patients with a positive ELISA for anti-PF4/heparin antibodies between 2008 and May 2012. For each patient, a clinical diagnosis was adjudicated based on different features including “4T scores,” laboratory results, and a 3-month clinical follow-up. Results: In this study, 28.8% of the patients were HIT positive, and 71.2% HIT negative. Patients with positive diagnosis had significantly higher mean OD (2.15 ± 0.76 vs 0.83 ± 0.62). Patients with OD <1.0 only had 3.4% positive diagnosis versus 45.5% for OD 1.0 to 2.0 and 78% for >2.0 units. Conclusion: This study is a clinical confirmation that ELISA OD results are correlated with the probability of a clinical diagnosis of HIT.
Introducing advanced clinical reasoning to an adult learning disability service
Authors: Stansfield Jois , Matthews Alison 
Published: November 2013

The advanced clinical reasoning approach is widely adopted in speech and language therapy practice. This article reports on the introduction of the approach across a multidisciplinary adult learning disability service and staff reports on the impact of this initiative. Staff in the service were offered training in the approach. Staff completed pre-course questionnaires, immediate post-course evaluations of the training and questionnaires a year after initial training. Semi-structured interviews took place with three team managers a year after the training. Staff and team managers reported that the training had a positive impact on their practice. All respondents demonstrated confidence in the use of the advanced clinical reasoning terminology and a clear understanding of the nature of duty of care and clinical risk. Enhanced knowledge about caseloads and greater confidence in managing episodes of care were reported by staff and team managers to have resulted in a more efficient and effective service.
Total Dislocation of the Talus
Authors: Nanjayan Shashi Kumar , Broomfield John , Johnson Benjamin , Patel Amit , Srivastava Subodh , Sinha Ashok 
Published: November 2013

Total talar dislocation is a rare injury that is usually open. We report a case of closed anterolateral dislocation in a 19 year old, following a fall from a bicycle. He was treated with prompt closed reduction. A magnetic resonance imaging scan 6 months later showed no signs of avascular necrosis. At 2 years follow-up, the patient had a full, pain free, range of motion at the ankle and subtalar joints. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case Study
Prevalence of Chronic Ankle Instability in High School and Division I Athletes
Authors: Tanen Leah , Docherty Carrie L. , Van Der Pol Barbara , Simon Janet , Schrader John 
Published: November 2013

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic ankle instability among high school and collegiate athletes. Design. Descriptive epidemiological survey. Methods. Athletes from four high schools and a division I university were contacted to participate. For collegiate athletes, a questionnaire packet was distributed during preparticipation physicals. For high school athletes, parental consent was obtained and then questionnaires were distributed during preparticipation physicals, parent meetings, or individual team meetings. All athletes completed the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool for both their left and right ankles. Subjects also provided general demographic data and completed the Ankle Instability Instrument regarding history of lateral ankle sprains and giving way. Athletes were identified as having chronic ankle instability if they scored less than 24 on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. Results. Of the 512 athletes who completed and returned surveys, 23.4% were identified as having chronic ankle instability. High school athletes were more likely to have chronic ankle instability than their collegiate counterparts (P < .001). Chronic ankle instability was more prevalent among women than among men in both high school (P = .01) and collegiate settings (P = .01). Conclusions. Findings of this study revealed differences in the distribution of chronic ankle instability that warrant further study. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level IV, case series
Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciopathy in Adults
Authors: Wilson John J. , Lee Kenneth S. , Miller Andrew T. , Wang Sijian 
Published: November 2013

Plantar fasciopathy (PF) is a common source of pain and disability that is often refractory to conservative management. There are no uniformly effective standard-of-care treatments for chronic recalcitrant PF. Corticosteroid injection is considered a viable treatment option when traditional therapies fail, but is limited by suboptimal long-term efficacy and potential adverse effects. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging injection-based treatment for various chronic degenerative soft-tissue diseases. It is postulated to promote native tissue regeneration; however, consistent scientific evidence remains lacking. A prospective case series, including 24 consecutive PF cases, was conducted to report patient-rated pain and disability following PRP injection. Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scores were the primary clinical outcome measure. Foot–Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (Foot-SANE) scores, Short Form-12 Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) questionnaires, and PRP treatment satisfaction surveys were secondary outcome measures. Statistical analysis compared baseline and 32 weeks post-injection time points. Patients receiving PRP injection reported clinically and statistically significant improvement in all outcome measures during this interval. There were no serious adverse events associated with treatment. PRP is considered a safe therapeutic option with the ability to decrease heel pain in patients with chronic PF refractory to appropriate conservative management. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV, prospective case series
Prostate cancer in Scotland: does geography matter? An analysis of incidence, disease characteristics and survival between urban and rural areas
Authors: Laing Karina A , Bramwell Stephen P , McNeill Alan , Corr Brian D , Lam Thomas BL 
Published: November 2013

Objective: The objective of this article is to identify whether there is a difference in survival from prostate cancer in urban and rural areas of Scotland and to identify potential inequalities in incidence, disease characteristics and the treatment of prostate cancer between these areas. Subjects/patients and methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken. Retrospective analysis of data from Information Services Division and regional cancer databases from 2005 to 2010 was performed. A comparison of NHS Highland & Western Isles as the rural group with NHS Lothian as the urban group was made. Data were collected on patient and disease characteristics, first treatment and mortality. Non-parametric continuous data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data were assessed using a two-tailed Z test. The p value for statistical significance was set at < 0.05. Results: The incidence of prostate cancer was higher in rural areas. Rural patients were older at diagnosis ( p < 0.0001), presented with higher risk disease ( p < 0.0001) and underwent less curative treatment ( p < 0.0001). There was potentially poorer survival in rural areas. Conclusions: Men living in rural areas of Scotland present with more aggressive prostate cancer and may have poorer survival. This could be due to high levels of PSA testing in urban areas, therefore further studies are needed to identify patterns of PSA testing in Scotland. These inequalities will be highlighted to the Scottish Government to inform the ‘Detect Cancer Early’ campaign for its second phase in 2015.
Raw starch conversion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing Aspergillus tubingensis amylases
Authors: Viktor Marko J , Rose Shaunita H , van Zyl Willem H , Viljoen-Bloom Marinda 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Starch is one of the most abundant organic polysaccharides available for the production of bio-ethanol as an alternative transport fuel. Cost-effective utilisation of starch requires consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) where a single microorganism can produce the enzymes required for hydrolysis of starch, and also convert the glucose monomers to ethanol.

Results
The Aspergillus tubingensis T8.4 α-amylase (amyA) and glucoamylase (glaA) genes were cloned and expressed in the laboratory strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294 and the semi-industrial strain, S. cerevisiae Mnuα1. The recombinant AmyA and GlaA displayed protein sizes of 110–150 kDa and 90 kDa, respectively, suggesting significant glycosylation in S. cerevisiae. The Mnuα1[AmyA-GlaA] and Y294[AmyA-GlaA] strains were able to utilise 20 g l-1 raw corn starch as sole carbohydrate source, with ethanol titers of 9.03 and 6.67 g l-1 (0.038 and 0.028 g l-1 h-1), respectively, after 10 days. With a substrate load of 200 g l-1 raw corn starch, Mnuα1[AmyA-GlaA] yielded 70.07 g l-1 ethanol (0.58 g l-1 h-1) after 120 h of fermentation, whereas Y294[AmyA-GlaA] was less efficient at 43.33 g l-1 ethanol (0.36 g l-1 h-1).

Conclusions
In a semi-industrial amylolytic S. cerevisiae strain expressing the A. tubingensis α-amylase and glucoamylase genes, 200 g l-1 raw starch was completely hydrolysed (saccharified) in 120 hours with 74% converted to released sugars plus fermentation products and the remainder presumably to biomass. The single-step conversion of raw starch represents significant progress towards the realisation of CBP without the need for any heat pretreatment. Furthermore, the amylases were produced and secreted by the host strain, thus circumventing the need for exogenous amylases.
Exploring grape marc as trove for new thermotolerant and inhibitor-tolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for second-generation bioethanol production
Authors: Favaro Lorenzo , Basaglia Marina , Trento Alberto , Van Rensburg Eugéne , García-Aparicio Maria , Van Zyl Willem H , Casella Sergio 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Robust yeasts with high inhibitor, temperature, and osmotic tolerance remain a crucial requirement for the sustainable production of lignocellulosic bioethanol. These stress factors are known to severely hinder culture growth and fermentation performance.

Results
Grape marc was selected as an extreme environment to search for innately robust yeasts because of its limited nutrients, exposure to solar radiation, temperature fluctuations, weak acid and ethanol content. Forty newly isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains gave high ethanol yields at 40°C when inoculated in minimal media at high sugar concentrations of up to 200 g/l glucose. In addition, the isolates displayed distinct inhibitor tolerance in defined broth supplemented with increasing levels of single inhibitors or with a cocktail containing several inhibitory compounds. Both the fermentation ability and inhibitor resistance of these strains were greater than those of established industrial and commercial S. cerevisiae yeasts used as control strains in this study. Liquor from steam-pretreated sugarcane bagasse was used as a key selective condition during the isolation of robust yeasts for industrial ethanol production, thus simulating the industrial environment. The isolate Fm17 produced the highest ethanol concentration (43.4 g/l) from the hydrolysate, despite relatively high concentrations of weak acids, furans, and phenolics. This strain also exhibited a significantly greater conversion rate of inhibitory furaldehydes compared with the reference strain S. cerevisiae 27P. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a strain of S. cerevisiae able to produce an ethanol yield equal to 89% of theoretical maximum yield in the presence of high concentrations of inhibitors from sugarcane bagasse.

Conclusions
This study showed that yeasts with high tolerance to multiple stress factors can be obtained from unconventional ecological niches. Grape marc appeared to be an unexplored and promising substrate for the isolation of S. cerevisiae strains showing enhanced inhibitor, temperature, and osmotic tolerance compared with established industrial strains. This integrated approach of selecting multiple resistant yeasts from a single source demonstrates the potential of obtaining yeasts that are able to withstand a number of fermentation-related stresses. The yeast strains isolated and selected in this study represent strong candidates for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.