bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the noise limit of stress and temperature measurements with micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: van Spengen W. Merlijn , Roca Joan Belles 
Published: June 2013

We report for the first time on the thorough experimental and theoretical assessment of the noise limit of mechanical stress and temperature measurements with micro‐Raman spectroscopy. A comprehensive study has been performed in which, for different incident laser light intensities and acquisition times, 1000 Raman spectra of mono‐crystalline silicon were acquired per setting. Curve fitting was employed to obtain the peak positions of all the spectra, from which the standard deviations of the measured peak positions were obtained versus the total accumulated amount of laser light incident on the sample during one measurement.It has been found that the noise in the obtained peak position decreases as 1/sqrt(n) over more than three decades of the incident amount of laser light. At very low light conditions, the noise decreases as 1/n. By comparing the experimental results obtained to recent theoretical work, we show that the acquisition is limited by photon shot noise over most of the range and is limited by electronic detector noise at very low light conditions only. Pixelation errors do not play a role.It is concluded that the low electronic noise of typical Raman spectroscope detectors is overkill for the investigation of mechanical stress and temperature in silicon and other materials with comparable peaks, as it has absolutely no influence on the noise level of such an experiment. Maximum Raman signal intensity on the detector and high quantum efficiency detection are more important. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MiRNA‐199a‐3p: A potential circulating diagnostic biomarker for early gastric cancer
Authors: Li Chen , Li Jian Fang , Cai Qu , Qiu Qing Qing , Yan Min , Liu Bing Ya , Zhu Zheng Gang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundTumor‐associated miRNAs have been detected in serum or plasma. We investigated whether plasma miRNA‐199a‐3p could be a potential circulating biomarker for early gastric cancer (EGC).MethodsBy using real‐time qRT‐PCR, the expression of miRNA‐199a‐3p were compared between these pre‐operative plasmas from 30 EGC patients and 70 healthy controls, and between these pre‐operative and post‐operative plasmas. Further validation was on an independent set of plasmas from 50 EGC patients.ResultsThe expression of miRNA‐199a‐3p (47.5 ± 6.5) in plasma in EGC patients was significantly higher than that from healthy controls (13.9 ± 2.7, P < 0.001) and gastric precancerous diseases (GPD) patients (19.2 ± 2.5, P = 0.004), respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of miRNA‐199a‐3p (11.8 ± 2.9, P = 0.012) in the post‐operative plasmas were significantly reduced when compared to the pre‐operative plasmas. With respect of clinicopathological characteristics, the expression of miRNA‐199a‐3p in plasma was not associated with the depth of tumor invasion. Moreover, the AUC of the expression of miRNA‐199a‐3p in plasma for EGC diagnosis was 0.818, which was significantly higher than that of combined tumor markers (0.556). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of miRNA‐199a‐3p expression in plasma for EGC diagnosis were 76%, 74%, and 75%, respectively.ConclusionsPlasma miRNA‐199a‐3p could be a novel potential diagnostic biomarkers for EGC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:89–92. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hospital‐acquired conditions in head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Kochhar Amit , Pronovost Peter J. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has identified 10 hospital‐acquired conditions (HACs) for which they will not reimburse care. We sought to determine the incidence of HACs in head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery and the association with in‐hospital mortality, complications, length of hospitalization, and costs.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsDischarge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 123,662 patients who underwent an ablative procedure for a malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal neoplasm during 2001–2008 were analyzed using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression modeling.ResultsHACs occurred in <1% of cases, with vascular catheter‐associated infection comprising >70% of all HACs. The occurrence of HACs was significantly associated with urgent or emergent admission (odds ratio [OR]=2.0, P=.004), major surgical procedures (OR=2.3, P<.001), flap reconstruction (OR=3.5, P<.001), and advanced comorbidity (OR=2.0, P<.001). There was no association between HACs and hospital size, location, ownership, volume status, or safety‐net burden. HACs were significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality (OR=3.8, P=.001), surgical complications (OR=4.9, P<.001), and medical complications (OR=5.6, P<.001). After controlling for all other variables, HACs were associated with significantly increased length of hospitalization and hospital‐related costs, with vascular catheter‐associated infection and foreign object after surgery associated with the greatest increase in length of stay and costs.ConclusionsHACs are uncommon events in HNCA surgical patients. Because prediction of HACs is poor and the potential for human error crosses demographic, geographic, and structural boundaries, universal innovative measures to reduce the occurrence of HACs are needed.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 2013
Children with hemoglobin E/β‐thalassemia have a high risk of being vitamin D deficient even if they get abundant sun exposure: A study from thailand
Authors: Nakavachara Pairunyar , Viprakasit Vip 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D is a key component in calcium homeostasis, bone mineralization and immune function, and people with a vitamin D deficiency may therefore be at higher risk of osteoporosis, osteopenia, delayed growth and fractures. Vitamin D deficiency is a known clinical complication of patients with β‐thalassemia major; however, as yet there are limited data on the vitamin D status of patients with Hb E/β‐thalassemia. Hb E/β‐thalassemia is characterized by a wide clinical heterogeneity ranging from non‐transfusion dependency to transfusion dependency. Because patients with Hb E/β‐thalassemia are so clinically diverse, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency might differ among Hb E/β‐thalassemia patients.ProcedureWe investigated the vitamin D status of 109 children with Hb E/β‐thalassemia who attended the Pediatric Hematology Clinic at the Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, from April 2009 to March 2010.ResultsForty‐nine of the children were classified as transfusion‐dependent (TD) and the remainder (n = 60) as non‐transfusion‐dependent (NTD). Only 10.1% of the children in our study had normal vitamin D levels, despite Thailand's geographic position 15° N and 100° E and climate, which provides abundant sunlight exposure and therefore efficient vitamin D synthesis. In addition, NTD children were significantly more likely to be vitamin D deficient than TD children (P = 0.01).ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of monitoring serum vitamin D levels in children with Hb E/β‐thalassemia regardless of their clinical severity or the amount of sunlight they are exposed to. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1683–1688. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What is predictive of preterm delivery in the first trimester: isthmus or cervical length?
Authors: Sananès Nicolas , Schuller Elodie , Gaudineau Adrien , Kohler Monique , Guerra Fernando , Weingertner Anne‐Sophie , Fritz Gabrielle , Viville Brigitte , Langer Bruno , Nisand Israël , Favre Romain 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the utility of first trimester cervical ultrasonography in predicting preterm delivery by separate analysis of measurements of cervical and isthmus length.MethodsThis is a cohort study based on data collected prospectively on singletons between 1 July 2011 and 1 February 2013. Mean cervical, isthmus and cervico‐isthmic complex length were measured for deliveries before and after 37 weeks.ResultsA total of 1494 pregnancies were analysed, including 51 cases of spontaneous preterm delivery (3.4%). The cervico‐isthmic complex in the first trimester was significantly shorter in patients who delivered before term (43.8 mm vs 47.5 mm, p = 0.04). This difference is related to differences in length at the isthmus (10.7 mm vs 14.1 mm, p = 0.005) rather than at the cervix proper (34.5 mm vs 35.0 mm, p = 0.56).ConclusionsMeasurement of the cervico‐isthmic complex enables detection of a number of patients who will go on to deliver before term. Further studies are necessary to confirm that isthmic length and not cervical length is predictive of preterm delivery. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SEM evaluation of the interface between filling and root‐end filling materials
Authors: Rosa R. A. , Santini M. F. , Heiden K. , Só B. B. , Kuga M. C. , Pereira J. R. , Só M. V. R. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the presence of gaps at the interface between filling material and three root‐end filling materials. Thirty human upper molars disto‐buccal roots were instrumented and filled with gutta‐percha and eugenol‐based sealer. The apicoectomy was performed 2 mm from the apex and retrograde cavities were prepared with ultrasonic points (3 mm in deep). The samples were divided into three experimental groups (n = 10): Group I—white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA); Group II—Super EBA; and Group III—Portland cement. The root‐end filling materials were inserted into the retocavities using a MTA carrier. After 48 h, the roots were transversally sectioned in order to obtain the apical 5 mm. Next, each specimen was prepared longitudinally with crescent granulation of abrasives water‐wet sandpapers in order to expose the filling and root‐end filling materials. Then, the specimens were subjected to slow dehydration with silica gel, mounted onto specific stubs and coated with paladium coverage for SEM analysis of the interface between filling and root‐end filling materials. The percentage of gaps at the interfacial area was calculated by using Image Tool 3.0 software. Super EBA presented the higher percentage of gaps (1.5 ± 0.67%), whereas MTA presented the lowest values (0.33 ± 0.20%; p = 0.0004). Despite the statistical differences observed between Super EBA and MTA, all the root‐end filling materials presented great adaptation to the filling material, presenting small amount of gaps. SCANNING 36:252–257, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ladungsträger‐Tiefenprofilierung an ultra‐flachen pn‐Übergängen
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Philipp Peter , Zier Michael , Zimmermann Lutz 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Stufenweise Oxidationsprofilierung (SWOP) wurde zur Ladungsträger‐tiefenprofilierung an Bor‐implantierten Silizium eingesetzt. Das Messverfahren basiert auf einer alternierenden elektrischen Messung des Schichtwiderstandes mit van‐der‐Pauw (VDP)‐Strukturen zwischen jeweils einem Si‐Schichtabtrag durch elektrochemische anodische Oxidation. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die SWOP‐Profile sehr gut mit SIMS‐Referenzprofilen übereinstimmen und eine Tiefenauflösung von ≤ 1 nm sowie eine Nachweisgrenze 1·1016 cm−3 erreicht werden.
Eigenschaften amorpher transparenter leitfähiger Oxide (a‐TCOs)
Authors: Körner Wolfgang , Elsässer Christian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden die optischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von amorphen transparenten leitfähigen Oxiden (a‐TCOs) mit Hilfe der atomistischen Materialmodellierung analysiert. Die Untersuchung von Modellstrukturen mit Computersimulationen ermöglicht ein tieferes Verständnis der in der Realität auftretenden Phänomene. Im Fall der a‐TCOs können tiefe Energieniveaus in der elektronischen Bandstruktur, die zum Beispiel die optische Transparenz reduzieren, strukturellen Defekten auf atomarer Ebene zugeordnet werden. Dies ermöglicht es, gezielt nach Strategien zur Ausheilung dieser Defekte zu suchen
ILGAR
Authors: Krammer Johanna , Fischer Christian‐Herbert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractILGAR (Ion Layer GAs Reaction) ist ein patentiertes Abscheideverfahren für Metallsulfidschichten. Diese Methode wurde am Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) entwickelt. Neben der Prozessbeschreibung wird in diesem Artikel auf die Vielfalt der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von ILGAR‐Schichten eingegangen. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Anwendung als Pufferschicht in Chalkopyritsolarzellen: ILGAR Indiumsulfid (In2S3) eignet sich hervorragend, um den industriellen Standard‐Puffer aus toxischem Cadmiumsulfid (CdS) zu ersetzen. 2011 hat ILGAR den German High Tech Champion Preis von der Fraunhofer Gesellschaft verliehen bekommen.
Environmental characteristics of the current Generation III nuclear power plants
Authors: Marques J. G. 
Published: June 2013

The environmental impact of electricity generation sources can be generically characterized by their use of natural resources, the thermal pollution they cause, and their emissions of chemical pollutants and radionuclides. Nuclear power plants generate concern regarding their radioactive emissions, which are often poorly understood. A presentation is made of the known data on the environmental impact of pre‐Gen III nuclear power plants during normal operation and as a consequence of severe accidents. The radiation doses received by the public and exposed workers as a consequence of nuclear power are compared with the ones because of natural radioactivity and medical applications. The characteristics of the new Gen III reactors which will bring significant improvements to the environmental impact of nuclear power generation are discussed in detail.This article is categorized under:

Fossil Fuels > Climate and Environment
Confronting Mueller-Navelet jets in NLL BFKL with LHC experiments at 7 TeV
Authors: Ducloué B. , Szymanowski L. , Wallon S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMore than 25 years ago, Mueller Navelet jets were proposed as a decisive test of BFKL dynamics at hadron colliders. We here study this process at NLL BFKL accuracy, taking into account NLL corrections to the Green’s function and to the jet vertices. We present detailed predictions for various observables that can be measured at LHC in ongoing experiments like ATLAS or CMS at$ \sqrt{s}=7 $TeV: the cross-section, the azimuthal correlations and the angular distribution of these jets. For this purpose, we apply realistic kinematical cuts and binning, and study the dependence of our results with respect to several parameters. We then compare our results with those that can be obtained in a fixed order NLO treatment, and propose specific observables which could actually be used as a probe of BFKL dynamics.
Highly glucose tolerant β-glucosidase from Aspergillus unguis: NII 08123 for enhanced hydrolysis of biomass
Authors: Rajasree Kuni Parambil , Mathew Gincy Marina , Pandey Ashok , Sukumaran Rajeev Kumar 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Aspergillus unguis NII-08123, a filamentous fungus isolated from soil, was found to produce β-glucosidase (BGL) activity with high glucose tolerance. Cultivation of the fungus in different carbon sources resulted in the secretion of different isoforms of the enzyme. A low molecular weight isoform, which retained ~60 % activity in the presence of 1.5 M glucose, was purified to homogeneity and the purified enzyme exhibited a temperature and pH optima of 60 °C and 6, respectively. The K m and V max of the enzyme were 4.85 mM and 2.95 U/mg, respectively, for 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside. The glucose inhibition constant of the enzyme was 0.8 M, indicating high glucose tolerance, and this is the second-highest glucose tolerance ever reported from the Aspergillus nidulans group. The glucose-tolerant BGL from A. unguis, when supplemented to cellulase preparation from Penicillium, could improve biomass hydrolysis efficiency by 20 % in 12 h compared to the enzyme without additional beta glucosidase supplementation. The beta glucosidase from A. unguis is proposed as a highly potent “blend-in” for biomass saccharifying enzyme preparations.
Rapid enrichment of (homo)acetogenic consortia from animal feces using a high mass-transfer gas-lift reactor fed with syngas
Authors: Park Shinyoung , Yasin Muhammad , Kim Daehee , Park Hee-Deung , Kang Chang Min , Kim Duk Jin , Chang In Seop 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A gas-lift reactor having a high mass transfer coefficient (k L a = 80.28 h−1) for a relatively insoluble gas (carbon monoxide; CO) was used to enrich (homo)acetogens from animal feces. Samples of fecal matter from cow, rabbit, chicken, and goat were used as sources of inoculum for the enrichment of CO and H2 utilizing microbial consortia. To confirm the successful enrichment, the Hungate roll tube technique was employed to count and then isolate putative CO utilizers. The results of this work showed that CO and H2 utilizing consortia were established for each inoculum source after 8 days. The number of colony-forming units in cow, rabbit, chicken, and goat fecal samples were 3.83 × 109, 1.03 × 109, 8.3 × 108, and 3.25 × 108 cells/ml, respectively. Forty-two colonies from the animal fecal samples were screened for the ability to utilize CO/H2. Ten of these 42 colonies were capable of utilizing CO/H2. Five isolates from cow feces (samples 5, 6, 8, 16, and 22) were highly similar to previously unknown (homo)acetogen, while cow-7 has shown 99 % similarity with Acetobacterium sp. as acetogens. On the other hand, four isolates from chicken feces (samples 3, 8, 10, and 11) have also shown high CO/H2 utilizing activity. Hence, it is expected that this research could be used as the basis for the rapid enrichment of (homo)acetogenic consortia from various environmental sources.
Coordination in the Science System: Theoretical Framework and a Case Study of an Intermediary Organization
Authors: Hessels Laurens K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMany science systems are witnessing the rise of intermediary organizations with a coordinating mission, but to date a systematic understanding of their function and effects is lacking. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the coordinating efforts of intermediary organizations. Starting from the definition of coordination asthe establishment or strengthening of a relationship among the activities in a system, with the aim to enhance their common effectiveness, I develop a heuristic framework that facilitates the systematic analysis of coordination in science. I illustrate and substantiate my framework with the empirical case study of a Dutch coordination task force in the area of chemical technologies. Thanks to the framework I could disentangle a number of functions that this task force fulfils concerning research programming, funding allocation and supporting interactions and collaborations. This approach enabled me to systematically analyse a very heterogeneous set of processes that each deserve to be calledcoordination. The analysis yields a clear overview of eight coordination processes that are each described in terms of activities, intervention, relationships, mechanisms and performance. I conclude my paper with suggestions for further research on coordination in the science system.
Geographic association and temporal variation of chemical and physical defense and leaf damage in Datura stramonium
Authors: Castillo Guillermo , Cruz Laura L. , Hernández‐Cumplido Johnattan , Oyama Ken , Flores‐Ortiz César Mateo , Fornoni Juan , Valverde Pedro L. , Núñez‐Farfán Juan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe evolution of plant defense traits has traditionally been explained trough the “coevolutionary arms race” between plants and herbivores. According to this, specialist herbivores have evolved to cope effectively with the defensive traits of their host plants and may even use them as a cue for host location. We analyzed the geographic association between leaf trichomes, two tropane alkaloids (putative resistance traits), and leaf damage by herbivores in 28 populations of Datura stramonium in central Mexico. Since the specialist leaf beetles Epitrix parvula and Lema trilineata are the main herbivores of D. stramonium in central Mexico, we predicted a positive association between plant defense and leaf damage across populations. Also, if physical environmental conditions (temperature or precipitation) constrain the expression of plant defense, then the geographic variation in leaf damage should be explained partially by the interaction between defensive traits and environmental factors. Furthermore, we studied the temporal and spatial variation in leaf trichome density and leaf damage in five selected populations of D. stramonium sampled in two periods (1997 vs. 2007). We found a positive association between leaf trichomes density and atropine concentration with leaf damage across populations. The interaction between defensive traits and water availability in each locality had a significant effect on the geographic variation in leaf damage. Differences among populations in leaf trichome density are maintained over time. Our results indicate that local plant–herbivore interaction plays an important role in shaping the geographic and temporal variation in plant defense in D. stramonium.
Improvement of Major Depression is Associated with Increased Erythrocyte DHA
Authors: Meyer Barbara J. , Grenyer Brin F. S. , Crowe Trevor , Owen Alice J. , Grigonis‐Deane Elizabeth M. , Howe Peter R. C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine if changes in omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status following tuna oil supplementation correlated with changes in scores of depression. A total of 95 volunteers receiving treatment for major depression were randomised to consume 8 × 1 g capsules per day of HiDHA (2 g DHA, 0.6 g EPA and 10 mg Vitamin E) or olive oil (placebo) for 16 weeks, whilst undergoing weekly counseling sessions by trained clinical psychologists using a standard empirically validated psychotherapy. Depression status was assessed using the 17 item Hamilton rating scale for depression and the Beck Depression Inventory by a psychodiagnostician who was blind to the treatment. Blood was taken at baseline and 16 weeks (n = 48) for measurement of erythrocyte fatty acids. With HiDHA supplementation, erythrocyte DHA content rose from 4.1 ± 0.2 to 7.9 ± 0.4 % (mean ± SEM, p < 0.001) of total fatty acids but did not change (4.0 ± 0.2 to 4.1 ± 0.2 %) in the olive oil group. The mean changes in scores of depression did not differ significantly between the two groups (−12.2 ± 2.1 for tuna oil and −14.4 ± 2.3 for olive oil). However, analysis of covariance showed that in the fish oil group there was a significant correlation (r = −0.51) between the change in erythrocyte DHA and the change in scores of depression (p < 0.05). Further study of the relationship between DHA and depression is warranted.
Nuclear reprogramming of sperm and somatic nuclei in eggs and oocytes
Authors: Teperek Marta , Miyamoto Kei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEggs and oocytes have a prominent ability to reprogram sperm nuclei for ensuring embryonic development. The reprogramming activity that eggs/oocytes intrinsically have towards sperm is utilised to reprogram somatic nuclei injected into eggs/oocytes in nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. NT embryos of various species can give rise to cloned animals, demonstrating that eggs/oocytes can confer totipotency even to somatic nuclei. However, many studies indicate that reprogramming of somatic nuclei is not as efficient as that of sperm nuclei. In this review, we explain how and why sperm and somatic nuclei are differentially reprogrammed in eggs/oocytes. Recent studies have shown that sperm chromatin is epigenetically modified to be adequate for early embryonic development, while somatic nuclei do not have such modifications. Moreover, epigenetic memories encoded in sperm chromatin are transgenerationally inherited, implying unique roles of sperm. We also discuss whether somatic nuclei can be artificially modified to acquire sperm‐like chromatin states in order to increase the efficiency of nuclear reprogramming.