bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will Zeolite‐Based Catalysis be as Relevant in Future Biorefineries as in Crude Oil Refineries?
Authors: Jacobs Pierre A. , Dusselier Michiel , Sels Bert F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTransition from petroleum‐ to biomass‐based fuel economy will require new conversion strategies. In a petroleum refinery, particular hydrocarbon fractions from crude oil are catalytically converted into high‐grade fuels. Certain zeolite catalysts are performing exceptionally well. Unlike petroleum fractions, biomass‐derived compounds have a high oxygen content requiring low‐temperature catalytic aqueous phase processes for selective conversion and stability of zeolite catalysts in hot liquid water. It will be shown that recent developments in zeolite synthesis and modification allow adapting zeolite properties to achieve selective conversion of biomass compounds/fractions as well.
A Bioorthogonal Small‐Molecule‐Switch System for Controlling Protein Function in Live Cells
Authors: Liu Peng , Calderon Abram , Konstantinidis Georgios , Hou Jian , Voss Stephanie , Chen Xi , Li Fu , Banerjee Soumya , Hoffmann Jan‐Erik , Theiss Christiane , Dehmelt Leif , Wu Yao‐Wen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChemically induced dimerization (CID) has proven to be a powerful tool for modulating protein interactions. However, the traditional dimerizer rapamycin has limitations in certain in vivo applications because of its slow reversibility and its affinity for endogenous proteins. Described herein is a bioorthogonal system for rapidly reversible CID. A novel dimerizer with synthetic ligand of FKBP′ (SLF′) linked to trimethoprim (TMP). The SLF′ moiety binds to the F36V mutant of FK506‐binding protein (FKBP) and the TMP moiety binds to E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR). SLF′‐TMP‐induced heterodimerization of FKBP(F36V) and eDHFR with a dissociation constant of 0.12 μM. Addition of TMP alone was sufficient to rapidly disrupt this heterodimerization. Two examples are presented to demonstrate that this system is an invaluable tool, which can be widely used to rapidly and reversibly control protein function in vivo.
Mixing enhancement of a passive microfluidic mixer containing triangle baffles
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Shenghua , Wang Xuejing , Bi Hongmei , Han Xiaojun 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTMicromixing plays a significant role in microfluidics. Here a passive mixer with triangle baffles embedded in the main channel was designed, fabricated and characterized. Systematic simulations and experiments have been done with the increase of Reynolds number (Re), ranging from 0.1 to 500. All results confirmed the improvement of mixing within a short distance (<6.4 mm). At common flow rate of microfluidics (Re = 1.0), ‘the percentage of mixing’ (ϕ) can be 85.5% by the distance of 6.4 mm, which is 2.48‐fold better than that of common Y‐mixer. ϕ values of the design containing triangle baffles are 4.75‐time at Re of 100 and 8.32‐time at Re of 500 better than those of the common Y‐mixer at the distance of 6.4 mm, respectively. The mixing effect caused by different apical angle and the number of triangles was also investigated using simulations. The mixing effect was improved with the growth of the apical angle of the triangles from 30 to 150°. Similarly, more triangle baffles lead to better mixing effect. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation Tracking for Nonlinear Multi‐Agent Systems with Delays and Noise Disturbance
Authors: Lai Jingang , Chen Shihua , Lu Xiaoqing , Zhou Hong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the formation tracking problem of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with communication delays and noise disturbance under directed interconnection topologies. By using a novel stochastic analysis approach and matrix theory, one establishes three formation tracking protocols containing nonlinear coupling function and delays such that the desired formations can be achieved in the sense of mean square under a special “multiple leaders” framework. Some new sufficient conditions of time‐delay dependence for the formation tracking in mean square are also developed. A simple example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.
Stability and Stabilization of Two‐Dimensional LTI Switched Systems with Potentially Unstable Focus
Authors: Zhu Liying 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates stability and stabilization of two‐dimensional switched linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems with potentially unstable focus. For the case that the origin is a single common focus of all subsystems, we first give continuous positive definite functions related only to the elements of subsystems' state matrices. Then, based on the continuous positive definite functions obtained, this paper proposes several sufficient conditions of stability/asymptotic stability/instability of the kind of switched LTI systems. By means of the stability results proposed, global asymptotic stabilizing controls (GASC), global asymptotic stabilizing switching paths (GASSP) and corresponding algorithms are designed for two‐dimensional switched LTI systems with focus. Finally, two illustrative examples and numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the new stability and stabilization results obtained in this paper.
A 58‐year‐old lady presented as an emergency with right upper quadrant pain and loss of 5 stones in weight. What does the X‐ray show?
Authors: Pannu Arslan Y. , Mallick Ismail H. , Peter Mark B. 
Published: July 2014

Key Clinical MessageRenal cell cancers are among the great mimics in surgery as they present with myriad symptoms unrelated to the renal cancer. This patient also interestingly had an incidental finding of porcelain gall bladder.
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and sorafenib
Authors: Gollard Russell , Garcia Diana , Natale Ron 
Published: July 2014

Key Clinical MessagePulmonary squamous cell carcinomas are not often thought to sensitive to targeted agents, like their cousin the adenocarcinoma of the lung. With appropriate testing of molecular markers, squamous cell carcinomas, like adenocarcinomas of the lung, melanomas, and renal cell carcinomas, may be found to be sensitive to newer, targeted agents.
Interaction between Palladium Nanoparticles and Surface‐Modified Carbon Nanotubes: Role of Surface Functionalities
Authors: Zhang Bingsen , Shao Lidong , Zhang Wei , Sun Xiaoyan , Pan Xiaoli , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is crucial to accurately describe the interaction between the surface functionality and the supported metal catalyst because it directly determines the activity and selectivity of a catalytic reaction. It is, however, challenging with a metal–carbon catalytic system owing to the ultrafine feature, instability, and subtle response of the components upon application of an external field. Herein, we use in situ TEM, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques to record the interaction in palladium on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from room temperature to 600 °C. We focus on probing the effects of oxygen and nitrogen‐containing functional groups on supported palladium nanoparticles (NPs) in the model catalytic system. The stability of palladium NPs supported on CNTs depends strongly on the surface properties of CNTs. Moreover, the oxygen‐containing functional groups on the CNT surfaces, such as carboxylic acids and anhydrides, have an even stronger interaction with palladium NPs than the nitrogen‐containing counterparts. Our work contributes to elucidation of the complex metal–carbon interaction and unlocks potential in activity and selectivity control of these catalytic systems.
Modulation of Magnetic Properties at Room Temperature: Coordination‐Induced Valence Tautomerism in a Cobalt Dioxolene Complex
Authors: Witt Alexander , Heinemann Frank W. , Sproules Stephen , Khusniyarov Marat M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe valence‐tautomeric six‐coordinate complex [Co(tbdiox)2(4‐papy)2] (1; tbdiox=redox‐active 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐dioxolene, 4‐papy=4‐phenylazopyridine) was synthesized and its electronic structure examined. Whereas 1 shows regular thermally driven valence tautomerism in the solid state, it partially dissociates in solution to form the five‐coordinate species [Co(tbdiox)2(4‐papy)] (2) and free 4‐papy. Species 1 and 2 exhibit different electronic structures—low‐spin (ls) CoIII and high‐spin (hs) CoII, respectively—in solution at room temperature and therefore different magnetic properties. Since 1 and 2 are in an equilibrium that is 4‐papy‐dependent, the magnetic moment of the solution species can be tuned by means of the ligand content. Thus, the concept of coordination‐induced valence tautomerism (CIVT) has been introduced. The electronic structures of 1 and 2 as well as their CIVT were elucidated by X‐ray crystallography, electrochemistry, titration experiments, and all variable‐temperature SQUID susceptometry, NMR, EPR, and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The experimental findings are strongly supported by broken‐symmetry DFT calculations. The magnetic exchange interactions in different types of valence‐tautomeric cobalt complexes were explored computationally.
Structurally Tunable 3‐Cyanoformazanate Boron Difluoride Dyes
Authors: Barbon Stephanie M. , Reinkeluers Pauline A. , Price Jacquelyn T. , Staroverov Viktor N. , Gilroy Joe B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe straightforward synthesis of a series of 3‐cyanoformazanate boron difluoride dyes is reported. Phenyl, 4‐methoxyphenyl and 4‐cyanophenyl N‐substituted derivatives were isolated and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The compounds were demonstrated to possess tunable, substituent‐dependent absorption, emission, and electrochemical properties, which were rationalized through electronic structure calculations.
Expected population impacts of discontinued prostate‐specific antigen screening
Authors: Gulati Roman , Tsodikov Alex , Etzioni Ruth , Hunter‐Merrill Rachel A. , Gore John L. , Mariotto Angela B. , Cooperberg Matthew R. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer has high risks of overdiagnosis, particularly among older men, and reports from screening trials indicate that it saves few lives after 11 to 13 years of follow‐up. New clinical guidelines recommend against PSA screening for all men or for men aged >70 years, but, to the authors' knowledge, the expected population effects of these guidelines have not been studied to date.METHODSTwo models of prostate cancer natural history and diagnosis were previously developed using reconstructed PSA screening patterns and prostate cancer incidence in the United States. Assuming a survival benefit of PSA screening consistent with the screening trials, the authors used the models to predict incidence and mortality rates for the period from 2013 through 2025 under continued PSA screening and under discontinued PSA screening for all men or for men aged >70 years.RESULTSThe models predicted that continuation of recent screening rates will overdiagnose 710,000 to 1,120,000 men (range between models) but will avoid 36,000 to 57,000 cancer deaths over the period 2013 through 2025. Discontinued screening for all men eliminated 100% of overdiagnoses but failed to prevent 100% of avoidable cancer deaths. Continued screening for men aged <70 years eliminated 64% to 66% of overdiagnoses but failed to prevent 36% to 39% of avoidable cancer deaths.CONCLUSIONSDiscontinuing PSA screening for all men may generate many avoidable cancer deaths. Continuing PSA screening for men aged <70 years could prevent greater than one‐half of these avoidable cancer deaths while dramatically reducing overdiagnoses compared with continued PSA screening for all ages. Cancer 2014;120:3519–3526. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Progress in Base‐Metal Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Parent Alexander Rene , Sakai Ken 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis minireview provides a brief overview of the progress that has been made in developing homogeneous water oxidation catalysts based on base metals (manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper) from the 1990s to mid‐2014. The impact of each contribution is analyzed, and opportunities for further improvement are noted. In addition, the relative stabilities of the base‐metal catalysts that have been reported are compared to illustrate the importance of developing more robust catalytic systems by using these metals. This manuscript is intended to provide a firm foundation for researchers entering the field of water oxidation based on base metals and a useful reference for those currently involved in the field.
Noise‐based spreading in code division multiple access systems for secure communications
Authors: Berber Stevan M. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYBinary spreading sequences or chaotic nonbinary sequences are used in code division multiple access systems. In contrast to those sequences, this paper presents the theory, simulation, and implementation in digital signal processor technology of a code division multiple access system that uses random spreading sequences. The expressions for probability of bit error are derived for the cases when the additive white Gaussian noise and fading are present in the channel. Because the overall transmitted signal is a sum of random signals, the security of signal transmission in this communication system can be enormously increased and will depend on the goodness of the random sequence generator. The developed theory was confirmed by a prototype of the system that was designed in digital signal processor technology. The prototype used spreading sequences that had statistical characteristics very close to the characteristics of theoretical random sequences. The main problem in the system is how to synchronize the received spread sequence with the locally generated sequence. Hence, a mathematical model of the synchronization block for the system has been separately designed and developed. The synchronization procedure has been demonstrated on the basis of application of a periodically repeated pilot sequence. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified quantum superdense coding for distributed communications
Authors: Imre Sándor 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe efficiency of medium access control strongly influences the performance of distributed wireless networks. Collisions in the channel and unused timeslots result in poor performance. On the other hand, quantum superdense coding proved that entanglement‐assisted quantum communications can improve the data transmission rates compared with classical systems. It allows sending two classical bits from one party to another in exchange of one quantum bit and a pre‐shared entangled Bell pair. This paper introduces a new protocol, which involves a modified version of superdense coding to medium access control of distributed communication systems. Using a pre‐shared entangled Bell pair and one classical bit, 2.5 classical bits can be transmitted in average between the parties in each timeslot. This means not only valuable increase in capacity, but the two‐way distributed operation opens new fields of investigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Raevuori Anu , Suokas Jaana , Haukka Jari , Gissler Mika , Linna Milla , Grainger Marjut , Suvisaari Jaana 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to examine the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a large patient cohort treated for binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa (BN), and anorexia nervosa.MethodPatients (N = 2,342) treated at the Eating Disorder Unit of Helsinki University Central Hospital over the period up to 16 years were compared with matched general population controls (N = 9,368) in three stages: before entering to the treatment for an eating disorder, after the entrance until the end of the study period, and combined any time before, during, and after the treatment. The study population was linked with the oral TSD medication data of 17 years from The Medical Reimbursement Register. Data were analyzed using conditional and Poisson regression models.ResultsBefore entering to the treatment for eating disorders, the risk of T2D was substantially increased in patients compared with controls (OR 6.6, 95% CI 4.0–10.7). At the end of the study period, the lifetime prevalence of T2D was 5.2% among patients, 1.7% among controls (OR 3.4, 95% CI 2.6–4.4), and in male patients, it was significantly higher compared with females. Of those treated for BED, every third had T2D by the end of the study period (OR 12.9, 95% CI 7.4–22.5), whereas the same was true for 4.4% of those with BN (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7–3.5).DiscussionOur findings provide strong support for the association between T2D and clinically significant binge eating. Disturbed glucose metabolism may contribute to the onset and maintenance of BED and BN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:555–562)
Eudesmane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from Curcuma phaeocaulis and Their Inhibitory Activities on Nitric Oxide Production in RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Liu Yue , Ma Jianghao , Wang Ying , Donkor Paul Owusu , Li Qin , Gao Suyu , Hou Yaguang , Xu Yang , Cui Jianing , Ding Liqin , Zhao Feng , Kang Ning , Chen Lixia , Qiu Feng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEight eudesmane‐type sesquiterpenes – phaeusmanes A–H (1–8) – isolated for the first time in this work, and four others (9–12) isolated for the first time from plants in this work, together with fourteen known eudesmane derivatives, were isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma phaeocaulis. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and CD spectroscopy and HRMS. Compound 8 is the first example of a nitrogen‐containing eudesmane‐type sesquiterpene isolated from the genus Curcuma. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds on NO production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated macrophages were evaluated. Compounds 1, 6, 10, 19, 22, and 24 showed strong inhibitory activities on NO production with IC50 values of 3.2, 4.8, 1.2, 0.8, 3.8, and 0.8 μM, respectively. Preliminary structure–activity relationships for these compounds are proposed. A possible biogenetic pathway for nitrogen‐containing eudesmane‐type sesquiterpene 8 is postulated.
Concise Synthesis of Substituted Quinolizin‐4‐ones by Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Alanine Thomas A. , Galloway Warren R. J. D. , McGuire Thomas M. , Spring David R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe 4H‐quinolizin‐4‐one scaffold is of significant pharmaceutical interest. This heterocyclic structure is predicted to have attractive physico‐chemical properties and is present in a variety of biologically active molecules. Despite these interesting characteristics, 4H‐quinolizin‐4‐ones are largely under‐represented in current small molecule screening libraries, and, therefore, this scaffold has been poorly investigated. Herein, a new strategy is reported for the syntheses of these rare and biologically interesting 4H‐quinolizin‐4‐ones. This modular route involves the regioselective N‐alkylation of 6‐halo‐2‐pyridones followed by a Stille cross‐coupling, ring‐closing metathesis, and palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenation reaction sequence. This method furnishes the target compounds in good yields and allows for access to unusual substitution patterns that are difficult to achieve by using other synthetic strategies.
Enhanced Performance of Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries Using Electrodes Based on the NaTi2(PO4)3/MWNTs–Na0.44MnO2 System
Authors: Pang Gang , Nie Ping , Yuan Changzhou , Shen Laifa , Zhang Xiaogang , Zhu Jiajia , Ding Bing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries with good electrochemical performance are of great significance for grid‐scale energy storage applications. Herein, an aqueous rechargeable Na‐ion battery has been fabricated with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)‐containing NaTi2(PO4)3/MWNTs nanocomposites as the anode and Na0.44MnO2 nanorods as the cathode in a 1 M aqueous Na2SO4 electrolyte and the device was carefully studied. Owing to the open framework structures (containing large interstitial sites) that both NaTi2(PO4)3 and Na0.44MnO2 possess, the fast Na‐ions will facilitate free transport. Benefiting from their unique structural features, the aqueous battery system exhibited an average charge and discharge voltage of approximately 1.1 V, a high energy density of 58.7 Wh kg−1 in terms of total electroactive materials, and could deliver a reversible capacity of approximately 50 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 2 C rate; the corresponding coulombic efficiency was nearly constant at approximately 95 %. These results, together with the safety and cost perspectives of aqueous electrolytes indicated that the aqueous Na‐ion battery may be a good candidate for safe, inexpensive, high‐power energy storage systems.
Capacity analysis of power line communication point‐to‐point and relay channels
Authors: Sheikh‐Hosseini Mohsen , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed , Molavi–Kakhki Mohammad 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present a capacity analysis for broadband power line communication (PLC) channels, impaired by the Bernoulli–Gaussian impulsive noise, exploiting both orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and single‐carrier frequency‐domain equalisation (SC‐FDE) techniques. First, we investigate point‐to‐point communications and formulate the continuous signal model for OFDM and SC‐FDE techniques in PLC environments and find the tight bounds derived for differential entropy of the non‐Gaussian noise samples. Capacity bounds and a certain capacity result for point‐to‐point PLC systems are also computed. Then, we analyse the capacity in the presence of a relay terminal between the transmitter and the receiver. In this part, we assume correlated noises between the relay and the receiver and derive general upper bound and achievable rate using partial decode‐and‐forward coding strategy for PLC channels. We also show that the obtained bounds coincide in degraded and reversely degraded special cases. Finally, using two statistical divergences, we compare the distances of the Bernoulli–Gaussian and Middleton class A noise models from the normal distribution of their background part and show that the Middleton class A noise is nearer to the Gaussian background noise than the Bernoulli–Gaussian. Therefore, the capacity curve for Middleton class A noise is between the capacity for the Gaussian background noise and the obtained capacity for the Bernoulli–Gaussian model. The obtained capacity theorems are also illustrated numerically. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.