bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching off Competing Hydrogen Formation in CO2 Electroreduction via Substrate Defect Engineering
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Haozhou , Guo Na , Xi Shibo , Zou Haiyuan , Chen Jiayi , Fan Lei , Xiao Yukun , He Qian , Duan Lele , Wei Pengfei , Wang Guoxiong , Zhang Chun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as effective substrates for immobilizing molecular catalysts towards many electrocatalytic reactions, such as CO2 reduction (CO2R). However, despite the prevailing notion of strong π-π stackings between the molecular catalyst and CNTs, our understanding of their interactions remains inadequate. Here, we employ functionalized nickel phthalocyanines (NiPc), established CO2R catalysts, immobilized on CNTs as a model system to investigate the catalyst/substrate interactions. Firstly, we find that NiPc-catalysts preferentially anchor on the defects on CNTs rather than adhering via π-π interaction with the ideal graphene-like CNT surface, a finding further validated by theoretical simulations. Consequently, we observe the least uniform NiPc-catalysts distributions on CNTs when the defect-content is the lowest. Notably, this combination exhibits the highest CO2R selectivity and activity despite the non-uniform catalyst distributions. Through operando X-ray adsorption spectroscopy and theoretical simulations, we reveal that high CNT defect-contents tend to induce substantial D4h symmetry breaking of the NiPc plane under cathodic potential, consequently resulting in reduced CO2R selectivity and activity. Therefore, maintaining a low to moderate defect level on CNTs is critical. Guided by this understanding, we fine-tune the defect-level of CNTs through graphitization, achieving an unprecedently high selectivity for CO2 to CO conversion (CO to H2 molar ratio exceeding 16100:1, a remarkable suppression of hydrogen evolution by three orders of magnitude) and improved intrinsic-activity (turnover frequency of 1072 s− 1 at − 0.60 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) on an optimized Ni-Pc/CNTs composite. Furthermore, we achieved practical relevant CO production in a zero-gap electrolyzer (electrode size of 100 cm−2), reaching high current (up to 50 A), with high CO selectivity (> 95%) and reasonably low cell voltage (approximately 3.5 V), substantially outperforming the state-of-the-art silver catalyst. Moreover, we extend this knowledge to a Co-based molecular catalyst, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency (over 50%) towards methanol production with a high partial current density over 150 mA cm− 2. Overall, our findings underscore the significance of tuning defect levels on CNT substrates for achieving desired performance for immobilized molecular catalysts.
Extreme Compound Events in the Equatorial and South Atlantic
Authors: Rodrigues Regina , Neto Afonso Gonçalves , Frölicher Thomas , Keenlyside Noel , Hobday Alistair , Burger Friedrich , Bernardo Piero , Araujo Julia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The impacts of marine heatwaves (MHWs) on marine ecosystems can be amplified when combined with other extreme events. Here, we investigate the temporal-spatial distribution of compound events of MHW, high acidity and low chlorophyll in the equatorial and South Atlantic, using observation-based datasets and reanalysis products. We show that the frequency and intensity of these triple compound events have increased dramatically over the past two decades, peaking in the most recent years. We analysed the drivers of triple compound events for six regions and found that, for the Angola Front and Brazil-Malvinas Confluence regions, these events are associated with a poleward shift of the fronts. In the Agulhas Leakage region, an increase in warmer waters entering from the Indian Ocean leads to compound extremes. In the western equatorial and subtropical Atlantic, they are caused by changes in the air-sea heat fluxes, while in the eastern equatorial by a weakening of upwelling. In addition, triple compound events are widespread over the South Atlantic during El Niño events. This is important because MHWs can be predicted when they are associated with ENSO.
Effect of felzartamab anti-CD38 treatment on the molecular phenotype of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplant biopsies.
Authors: Halloran Philip , Diebold Matthias , Gauthier Patrick , Mayer Katharina , Mackova Martina , Hinze Christian , Chang Jessica , Patel Uptal , Schütz Ekkehard , Schrezenmeier Eva , Budde Klemens , Böhmig Georg 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated that treatment with CD38 monoclonal antibody felzartamab suppressed antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in kidney transplant patients but with recurrence post-treatment in some patients. The present study examined the molecular effects of 6-months of felzartamab treatment on biopsies from the trial using genome-wide microarray analysis, comparing pre-treatment, end-of-treatment (24 week) and post-treatment (week 52) biopsies from 10 felzartamab and 10 placebo patients. Felzartamab reduced molecular ABMR activity scores in all 9 patients with baseline ABMR activity, selectively suppressing interferon gamma-inducible and natural killer cell transcripts, with minimal effect on ABMR-induced endothelial transcripts. Suppression was often incomplete when ABMR activity was intense, and molecular recurrence was nearly universal by week 52. However, we also found that felzartamab had parenchymal benefits at week 52, slowing the trajectories of molecular injury scores beyond the treatment period, suggesting that suppression of ABMR activity could potentially slow future progression to kidney failure.
Enantioselective Heck/Tsuji−Trost Reaction of Flexible Vinylic Halides with 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Zhang Junliang , Zhang Li-Zhi , Zhang Pei-Chao , Wang Qian , Zhou Min 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The enantioselective domino Heck/cross-coupling has emerged as a powerful tool in modern chemical synthesis for decades. Despite significant progress in relative rigid skeleton substrates, the implementation of asymmetric Heck/cross-coupling cascades of highly flexible haloalkene substrates remains a challenging and and long-standing goal. Here we report an efficient asymmetric tandem Heck/Tsuji−Trost reaction of highly flexible vinylic halides with 1,3-dienes enabled by palladium catalysis. A variety of functional cyclic isoprenoids, which are key structural motifs of numerous natural products family, were delivered in good yields with excellent regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity. Specifically, the Heck insertion of stereodetermining step to form ƞ3 π-allyl palladium complex and in situ trapping with nucleophiles enable efficient Heck/etherification in a formal (4+2) cycloaddition manner. Engineering the Sadphos bearing androgynous non-C2-symmetric chiral sulfinamide phosphine ligands were vital component in achieving excellent catalytic reactivity and enantioselectivity. This strategy offers a general, modular and divergent platform for rapidly upgrading feedstock flexible vinylic halides and dienes to various value-added molecules and is expected to inspire the development of other challenging enantioselective domino Heck/cross-couplings.
WITHDRAWN: Preparation and Evaluation Gluten Free pasta
Authors: Hussein Ahmed M.S. , Shedeed Naglaa A. , Mostafa Sayed , Kamil Mohie M. , Mostafa Mona Y. , Hegazy Nefisa A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to prepare gluten-free pasta for several patients who were gluten sensitive. Therefore, several sources of free gluten raw materials have been evaluated and compared with those of semolina (S) to produce pasta characterized by its high nutritional and sensory properties. For this reason, brown rice flour (BRF),quinoa (QF) and chickpea flour (CPF) have been used to produce high-quality gluten - free pasta. The chemical composition of the raw materials revealed that higher protein, carbohydrate and fat contents were present in the CPF (23.19%),S (74.63%), and QF (6.07%) samples, respectively. Additionally, CPF had relatively high percentages of Ca, K and Fe, while zinc was relatively high in the BRF. Furthermore, the amino acid composition of the tested samples indicated that the total essential amino acid content of CPF, PRF and QF ranged from 38.9–34.04%, whereas that of Semolina flour decreased to 29.95%.
On the other hand, different selected formulas have been evaluated chemically, physically and sensorally. Higher crude protein, fat, ash, and fiber contents were found in the BRQ5 formula (40% BRF, 50% QF, and 10% CPF) than in the100% BRF or 100% semolina samples. Additionally, the cooking quality of the BRQ5 paste was relatively high, whereas its weight and volume increased to 300% and 215%, respectively. A color evaluation of the pasta for different formula showed that lightness (L*) decreased as the QF increased. This result was confirmed during sensory evaluation, where a relatively high color value was observed in the control sample and then declined gradually as the percentage of QF increased. The same trend was observed for the overall acceptability of different pasta formulas, where greater acceptability was found in the control sample (100% semolina), followed by BR and then BRQ1. Furthermore, texture profile analysis was used to evaluate the hardness and hardness parameters in different pasta formula for uncooked or cooked pasta.
From the previous results that the Pasta formula BRQ1 can be used as a functional past product.
Parental perceptions of change during early intervention for autism
Authors: Latrèche Kenza , Journal Fiona , Godel Michel , Franchini Martina , Schaer Marie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background. Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often brings important challenges. Parents may experience stress emerging during the pre-diagnosis phase, which persists after diagnosis confirmation as additional responsibilities and challenges arise. In parallel, parents are encouraged to seek support for their child. Though parents play critical roles in early intervention, they are rarely considered as predictors and targets of successful intervention. Moreover, little is known about the effects of early intervention on their sense of efficacy and their well-being.
Methods.Focusing on the parents’ perspective six months after receiving their autistic child’s diagnosis, we created a parent-reported questionnaire that inquired about their perception of their child's evolution, their own feeling of parental self-efficacy (PSE) and their well-being. In this observational study, the parents of 130 autistic children (M= 2.51 years old) completed the questionnaire. Of these children, 77 were enrolled in an Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) program after diagnosis, whereas the remaining 53 received community-based treatment (CT).
Results. Parents reported more positive perceptions regarding their child’s evolution, their PSE, and their well-being in the 6 months following diagnosis confirmation when their child showed more developmental progress. Parents of children enrolled in ESDM also indicated higher PSE and well-being and perceived more progress in their children than parents of the CT group. In children with a developmental delay (developmental quotient below 70), parents in the ESDM group reported greater well-being and PSE compared to parents in the CT group.
Conclusions. Objective developmental gains and ESDM are two important factors positively influencing parental perceptions toward their child and their own PSE and well-being. Parents in the ESDM group with more severely affected children also report greater PSE and well-being, suggesting the benefit of this program.
The monopolisation of violence: booms and busts of prehistoric violence linked to social inequalities
Authors: Müller Johannes , Bilotti Giacomo , Skorna Henry , Wilkes Fynn , Kruckenberg Clemens , Duffy Paul , Hofmann Robert , Kneisel Jutta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In a study on the occurrence of trauma in prehistoric graves in Central Europe, evidence of violence over a period of more than 6000 years is presented diachronically for the first time. Ups and downs in the trauma sequence are recognisable in over 23,000 graves. Comparing it to our proxies for social organization of prehistoric societies, an inverse relationship appears: the higher the levels of social inequality are the lower are the signals of violence. We interpret this as an expression of a a monopolisation of violence through political power. In addition to fluctuations in the intensity of violence, the long-term trend indicates an overall reduction in violence at least until the early modern period.
Association Between Platelet-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Cognitive Function in Older Americans: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zheng Ruwen , Zhang Siqi , Qin Hongyu , Jin Hong , Teng Yubo , Ma Shuai , Zhang Miao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
The main aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) and cognitive function in elderly individuals from the United States.
Methods
This investigation leveraged data encompassing 2299 participants, all aged 60 years and above, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2011 to 2014. Inclusion criteria were based on the availability of complete datasets for PHR and cognitive function assessments. The analytical approach incorporated multivariate logistic regression to discern the association between PHR and cognitive impairment. Additionally, the study employed restricted cubic splines (RCS) to explore potential non-linear relationships and subgroup analyses to identify variations in the observed associations across different demographic and clinical subgroups.
Results
In the fully adjusted model, an increment of 10 units in PHR was associated with a decline of 0.014 in cognitive scores (β=-0.014, 95% CI: -0.025, -0.002; P<0.05). Compared to the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile exhibited a 38.4% increased prevalence of cognitive impairment per one-unit increase in PHR (OR=1.384, 95% CI: 1.012, 1.893; P<0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed consistent results regarding the relationship between PHR and cognitive impairment across all subgroups. A non-linear relationship between PHR and cognitive impairment was observed using RCS, indicating that an increase in PHR above 111.49 significantly elevated the incidence of cognitive impairment (P<0.05).
Conclusions
Our study proves that higher PHR is linked to a greater risk of cognitive decline in the U.S. elderly population, warranting consideration in clinical assessments and interventions.
Automated Comparative Analysis of Visual and Textual Representations of Logographic Writing Systems in Large Language Models
Authors: Shao Peng , Li Ruichen , Qian Kai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The complex nature of logographic writing systems, characterized by their visually intricate characters and context-dependent meanings, presents unique challenges for computational models designed primarily for alphabetic scripts. Understanding the ability of LLMs to process logographic scripts across visual and textual input modalities is essential for advancing their application in multilingual contexts. The novel approach presented in this study systematically compares the performance of LLMs when interpreting logographic characters as both visual and textual data, offering new insights into the semantic consistency and accuracy of model outputs across these modalities. The findings reveal critical disparities in performance, particularly highlighting the models' tendency to favor textual inputs, which suggests the need for further refinement in multimodal processing capabilities. Through detailed analysis of error patterns, semantic similarity, and computational complexity, the research demonstrates the importance of developing more robust and versatile LLM architectures capable of effectively managing the inherent complexities of logographic writing systems. The conclusions drawn from the study not only provide a deeper understanding of the limitations of current LLMs but also set the stage for future innovations in the field, aiming to enhance the models' ability to generalize across diverse linguistic structures and input types.
Divergencias en el diagnóstico: medicina y enfermería. Un análisis kuhniano
Authors: Federico Lucía 
Published: August 2024

La medicina se caracteriza por su poder de diagnóstico, un importante consenso entre los profesionales al diagnosticar y un sistema de clasificación estandarizado de enfermedades (i. e. la CIE de la OMS). Por su parte, la enfermería enfrenta una desconexión entre teoría y práctica (theory-practice gap, Risjord, 2010), a pesar de que en la actualidad se sustenta en el proceso de atención en enfermería (PAE), un sistema de diagnóstico estandarizado (la NANDA) y un corpus académico propio. Sin embargo, la falta de integración entre la investigación teórica y la práctica impacta el PAE, en particular en el diagnóstico, que se diferencia del médico por su taxonomía y lenguaje. En ese sentido, se analizan ambos diagnósticos desde una perspectiva kuhniana para identificar las diferencias que afectan el éxito de la enfermería en el sistema de salud. Se plantea como hipótesis que la brecha entre teoría y práctica contribuye a la falta de solidez en el diagnóstico enfermero, por lo que el objetivo es precisar cómo se manifiesta esta grieta. Por último, en virtud de las características de una investigación filosófica, la perspectiva metodológica del artículo se centra en el análisis conceptual y crítico del material bibliográfico seleccionado.
Urban water consumption analysis through a spatial panel modeling approach: a case study of Mexico City, 2004–2022
Authors: Ramos-Bueno Arturo , Galeana-Pizaña José Mauricio , Perevochtchikova María 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Urban water demand management has become a paradigm for approaching water scarcity in cities. Consequently, the need to understand urban water consumption has increased. Studies about this topic usually focus on either temporal or spatial dimensions, highlighting the relevance of spatial panel data analysis to conduct spatiotemporal modeling. This technique is useful for performing long-term analysis for water management and decision-making. Mexico City is an urban area where total water consumption and its spatiotemporal evolution are still unknown. We aim to model spatiotemporally measured water consumption during 2004–2022 at the neighborhood level through a spatial panel modeling approach, to select the best model to estimate total water consumption and compare it with urban water supply to Mexico City. Based on the spatiotemporal model coefficients, our estimation of total water consumption is 15.44 m3/s which is close to 18.52 m3/s, calculated by the local water utility. These values, compared to 30.05 m3/s of total urban water supply for the period 2004–2022, suggest the need to focus on promoting water management efficiency actions. Our contribution also addresses intra-urban patterns of water consumption, water users, and meter coverage in Mexico City neighborhoods.
Advancements in Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Marwah Harneet , Dewangan Hitesh Kumar 
Published: August 2024

:
Solid Lipid Nanocarriers (SLNs) offer a promising avenue for breast cancer treatment, a disease
that accounts for 12.5% of global cancer cases. Despite strides in combined therapies (surgery, chemotherapy,
radiation, and endocrine therapy), challenges like systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and adverse effects persist.
The manuscript offers several novel contributions to the field of breast cancer treatment through the use
of SLNs, and these are innovative drug delivery systems, multifunctionality, and biocompatibility, the potential
to overcome drug resistance, integration with emerging therapies, focus on personalized medicine, ongoing
and future research directions and potential for reduced side effects. SLNs present a novel strategy due to
their unique physicochemical properties. They can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, ensuring
controlled release and targeted delivery, thus enhancing solubility and bioavailability and reducing side effects.
The multifunctional nature of SLNs improves drug delivery while their biocompatibility supports their
potential in cancer therapy. Challenges for pharmacists include maintaining stability, effective drug loading,
and timed delivery. Combining SLNs with emerging therapies like gene and immunotherapy holds promise
for more effective breast cancer treatments. SLNs represent a significant advancement, providing precise drug
delivery and fewer side effects, with the potential for overcoming drug resistance. Ongoing research will
refine SLNs for breast cancer therapy, targeting cells with minimal side effects and integrating with other treatments
for comprehensive approaches. Advances in nanotechnology and personalized medicine will tailor
SLNs to specific breast cancer subtypes, enhancing effectiveness. Clinical trials and new treatment developments
are crucial for realizing SLNs’ full potential in breast cancer care. In conclusion, SLNs offer a transformative
approach to breast cancer treatment, addressing issues of drug delivery and side effects. Ongoing research
aims to optimize SLNs for targeted therapy, potentially revolutionizing breast cancer care and providing
hope for patients.
Multi-disease X-ray Image Classification of the Chest Based on Global and Local Fusion Adaptive Networks
Authors: Gu Yu , Shi Ru , Yang Shuaikang , Yang Lidong , Zhang Baohua , Wang Jing , Lu Xiaoqi , Li Jianjun , Liu XIn , Zhao Ying , Yu Dahua , Tang Siyuan , He Qun 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Chest X-ray image classification for multiple diseases is an important research direction in the field of computer vision and medical image
processing. It aims to utilize advanced image processing techniques and deep learning algorithms to automatically analyze and identify X-ray
images, determining whether specific pathologies or structural abnormalities exist in the images.

Objective:
We present the MMPDenseNet network designed specifically for chest multi-label disease classification.

Methods:
Initially, the network employs the adaptive activation function Meta-ACON to enhance feature representation. Subsequently, the network
incorporates a multi-head self-attention mechanism, merging the conventional convolutional neural network with the Transformer, thereby
bolstering the ability to extract both local and global features. Ultimately, the network integrates a pyramid squeeze attention module to capture
spatial information and enrich the feature space.

Results:
The concluding experiment yielded an average AUC of 0.898, marking an average accuracy improvement of 0.6% over the baseline model. When
compared with the original network, the experimental results highlight that MMPDenseNet considerably elevates the classification accuracy of
various chest diseases.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that the network, thus, holds substantial value for clinical applications.