bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior fixation without debridement for vertebral body osteomyelitis and discitis
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed S. , Yoo Jung , Hart Robert , Ragel Brian T. , Hiratzka Jayme , Hamilton D. Kojo , Barnes Penelope D. , Ching Alexander C. 
Published: August 2014

Object
The authors evaluated the efficacy of posterior instrumentation for the management of spontaneous spinal infections. Standard surgical management of spontaneous spinal infection is based on debridement of the infected tissue. However, this can be very challenging as most of these patients are medically debilitated and the surgical debridement requires a more aggressive approach to the spine either anteriorly or via an expanded posterior approach. The authors present their results using an alternative treatment method of posterior-only neuro-decompression and stabilization without formal debridement of anterior tissue for treating spontaneous spinal infection.

Methods
Fifteen consecutive patients were treated surgically by 2 of the authors. All patients had osteomyelitis and discitis and were treated postoperatively with intravenous antibiotics for at least 6 weeks. The indications for surgery were failed medical management, progressive deformity with ongoing persistent spinal infection, or neurological deficit. Patients with simple epidural abscess without bony instability were treated with laminectomy and were not included in this series. Fourteen patients were treated with posterior-only decompression and long-segment rigid fixation, without formal debridement of the infected area. One patient was treated with staged anterior and posterior surgery due to delay in treatment related to medical comorbidities. The authors examined as their outcome the ambulatory status and recurrence of deep infection requiring additional surgery or medical treatment.

Results
Of the initial 15 patients, 10 (66%) had a minimum 2-year follow-up and 14 patients had at least 1 year of followup. There were no recurrent spinal infections. There were 3 unplanned reoperations (1 for loss of fixation, 1 for early superficial wound infection, and 1 for epidural hematoma). Nine (60%) of 15 patients were nonambulatory at presentation. At final followup, 8 of 15 patients were independently ambulatory, 6 required an assistive device, and 1 remained nonambulatory.

Conclusions
Long-segment fixation, without formal debridement, resulted in resolution of spinal infection in all cases and in significant neurological recovery in almost all cases. This surgical technique, when combined with aggressive antibiotic therapy and a multidisciplinary team approach, is an effective way of managing serious spinal infections in a challenging patient population.
Risk factors for the development of deformity in patients with spinal infection
Authors: Srinivasan Dushyanth , Terman Samuel W. , Himedan Mai , Dugo Domenico , La Marca Frank , Park Paul 
Published: August 2014

Object
Bacterial spinal infections are infrequent but may lead to significant morbidity and death. Apart from neurological complications, infections may also lead to bone destruction resulting in deformity of the spine. However, the incidence of spinal deformities and risk factors is not well characterized in the literature.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records at a single institution. All patients were over 18 years of age and had a clinically and radiologically documented spinal infection that was treated surgically during the period 2006–2013. Infections were classified according to anatomical location including disc, bone, and/or epidural space. Deformities included kyphosis and/or subluxation. The authors analyzed risk factors for developing at least 1 deformity between the time of infection and operation using the Fisher exact test and chi-square test. Change in visual analog scale (VAS) scores preoperatively versus postoperatively was also analyzed using the paired t-test.

Results
The study included 48 patients. The most common types of spinal infections were osteomyelitis and discitis (31%); osteomyelitis, discitis, and spinal epidural abscess (SEA; 27%); SEA only (15%); and osteomyelitis only (13%). Overall, 21 (44%) of 48 patients developed a spinal deformity. Anatomical location of infection (bone and/or disc and/or epidural space) was significantly associated with development of deformity (p < 0.001). In particular, patients with SEA had lower odds of deformity compared with patients without SEA (odds ratio 0.2, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.9; p < 0.001). No other factor was significantly associated with deformity. Pain measured by VAS score tended to improve by a mean of 1.7 ± 2.7 points (p < 0.001) when comparing preoperative to postoperative scores.

Conclusions
In this cohort of patients, 44% developed at least 1 deformity, predominantly kyphosis. The only variable significantly associated with deformity was infection location. Patients with SEA alone demonstrated lower odds of developing a deformity compared with patients without SEA. Other analyzed variables, including age, body mass index, time from initial diagnosis to surgery, and comorbidities, were not found to be associated with development of deformity. Surgical intervention resulted in pain improvement.
What clinical factors predict the incidence of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in neurosurgical patients?
Authors: Rolston John D. , Han Seunggu J. , Bloch Orin , Parsa Andrew T. 
Published: August 2014

Object
Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) occur frequently in surgical patients and can manifest as pulmonary emboli (PEs) or deep venous thromboses (DVTs). While many medical therapies have been shown to prevent VTEs, neurosurgeons are concerned about the use of anticoagulants in the postoperative setting. To better understand the prevalence of and the patient-level risk factors for VTE, the authors analyzed data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP).

Methods
Retrospective data on 1,777,035 patients for the years from 2006 to 2011 were acquired from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP database. Neurosurgical cases were extracted by querying the data for which the surgical specialty was listed as “neurological surgery.” Univariate statistics were calculated using the chi-square test, with 95% confidence intervals used for the resultant risk ratios. Multivariate models were constructed using binary logistic regression with a maximum number of 20 iterations.

Results
Venous thromboembolisms were found in 1.7% of neurosurgical patients, with DVTs roughly twice as common as PEs (1.3% vs 0.6%, respectively). Significant independent predictors included ventilator dependence, immobility (that is, quadriparesis, hemiparesis, or paraparesis), chronic steroid use, and sepsis. The risk of VTE was significantly higher in patients who had undergone cranial procedures (3.4%) than in those who had undergone spinal procedures (1.1%).

Conclusions
Venous thromboembolism is a common complication in neurosurgical patients, and the frequency has not changed appreciably over the past several years. Many factors were identified as independently predictive of VTEs in this population: ventilator dependence, immobility, and malignancy. Less anticipated predictors included chronic steroid use and sepsis. Venous thromboembolisms appear significantly more likely to occur in patients undergoing cranial procedures than in those undergoing spinal procedures. A better appreciation of the prevalence of and the risk factors for VTEs in neurosurgical patients will allow targeting of interventions and a better understanding of which patients are most at risk.
Comparison of Percutaneous and Open Surgical Techniques for First-Time Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the Unbreached Peritoneum
Authors: Medani Samar , Hussein Wael , Shantier Mohamed , Flynn Robert , Wall Catherine , Mellotte George 
Published: August 2014

Background The percutaneous Seldinger method of peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) insertion has gained favor over recent years whereas traditionally it was reserved for patients considered not fit for general anesthesia. This blind technique is believed to be less safe, and is hence avoided in patients with previous laparotomy incisions. Reports on the success of this method may therefore be criticized for selection bias. In those with no prior abdominal surgery the optimal method of insertion has not been established. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of first-time PDC placements comparing the percutaneous (group P) and surgical (group S) insertion techniques in patients without a history of previous abdominal surgery in a single center between January 2003 and June 2010. We assessed catheter survival at 3 and 12 months post-insertion and compared complication rates between the two groups. Results A total of 63 percutaneous and 64 surgical catheter insertions were analyzed. No significant difference was noted in catheter survival rates between group P and group S (86.2% vs 80% at 3 months, p = 0.37; and 78.3% vs 71.2% at 12 months, p = 0.42 respectively). Early and overall peritonitis rates were similar (5% vs 5.3%; p = 1, and 3.5 vs 4.9 episodes per 100 patient-months; p = 0.13 for group P and group S respectively). There were also no significant differences between the two groups in exit site leaks (15.9% in group P vs 6.3% in group S; p = 0.15), poor initial drainage (9.5% in group P vs 10.9% in group S, p = 0.34) or secondary drainage failure (7.9% in group P vs 18.8% in group S, p = 0.09). Conclusion This study illustrates the success and safety of percutaneous PDC insertion compared with the open surgical technique in PD naive patients without a history of prior abdominal surgery. Catheter survival was favorable with percutaneous insertion in this low-risk patient population but larger prospective studies may help to determine whether either method is superior. The percutaneous technique can be recommended as a minimally invasive, cost-effective procedure that facilitates implementing an integrated care model in nephrology practice.
Indigenous media: from transference to appropriation
Authors: Font Laura Cardús i 
Published: August 2014

Les productions audio visuelles produites et créées par les membres des communautés labélisées « communautés indigènes ou communautés autochtones » offrent un champ d’étude particulièrement intéressant pour observer tant le phénomène défini par José Bengoa comme « Intervention d’urgence indigène » (200-2009), que la mise en scène des processus d’identification ethnique. Cet article aborde différentes expériences de production audio visuelles qui ont eu lieu au Brésil, au Chili, en Bolivie, et s’attarde plus particulièrement à l’exemple de Mexico. La littérature existante sur les « medias autochtones » décrit les films produits par les communautés autochtones comme des productions soutenant la politique gouvernementale. Malgré cela, cette étude, qui s’appuie sur des recherches menées sur le terrain, au Sud Est de Mexico, retrace différentes expériences et exemples issus de projets autonomes qui remettent en cause les définitions des structures ethniques de l’état, construites par des politiques indigénistes mises en place dernièrement.
Innovation disruptive et naissance d’un écosystème : voyage aux origines de l’internet
Authors: Barbaroux Pierre 
Published: August 2014

À partir d’une étude de cas historique, cette contribution explore les conditions d’émergence du premier « écosystème d’affaires » : l’écosystème des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC). Le cas concerne le projet de déploiement du premier réseau de communication et de partage de ressources numériques entre ordinateurs géographiquement distants : ARPANET (pour « ARPA NETwork »). Contrairement à la majorité des travaux qui considèrent que les écosystèmes d’affaires sont le résultat de l’action stratégique de « firmes pivots », l’hypothèse défendue dans cette contribution est que l’écosystème des TIC est né d’une rupture technologique portée par une communauté d’organisations publiques et privées, notamment des chercheurs, les grandes firmes commerciales étant reléguées à la périphérie.
The Rise and Fall of an Open Business Model
Authors: Demil Benoît , Lecocq Xavier 
Published: August 2014

Les business models ouverts (Chesbrough, 2006) font référence à des modèles qui promeuvent une division du processus d’innovation et de l’organisation du partage de connaissance avec des parties prenantes, et éventuellement des concurrents. Dans cet article, nous tentons de répondre à la question suivante : quelles sont les conséquences, en termes de performance dans le temps, de l’adoption d’un business model ouvert ? NouSs étudions le secteur du jeu de rôle aux Etats-Unis dans lequel le leader est passé d’un business model propriétaire à un business model ouvert avant de revenir à une approche plus fermée. Plusieurs leçons peuvent être tirées de cette étude de cas. Particulièrement, nos contributions portent sur la dynamique des mécanismes de la création et de la capture de valeur, les effets imprédictibles d’un business model ouvert et les risques et faiblesses associés à un tel choix.
Effect of Cinnamic Acid and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Storage Life of Pleurotus Ostreatus (Oyster Mushrooms)
Authors: Jayawardena Bimali , Silva H. Anusha Priyadarshani 
Published: August 2014

In Sri Lanka Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a popular cultivated variety of mushrooms. It is considered as a good source of proteins and fiber. The shelf life of Pleurotus ostreatus is short and deteriorates rapidly due to browning and microbial infestations. In Sri Lanka Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a popular cultivated variety of mushrooms. It is considered as a good source of proteins and fiber. The shelf life of Pleurotus ostreatus is short and it deteriorates rapidly due to browning and microbial infestations. Polyphenol oxidae is the enzyme responsible for enzymatic browning. Polyphenol oxidase inhibitors are used to inhibit the browning reaction. Cinnamic acid is an inhibitor of polyphenol oxidase of mushroom. In the current study cinnamic acid treatment and modified atmosphere packaging were used to extend the storage life of Pleurotus ostreatus. The ID50 value of cinnamic acid for polyphenol oxidase of Pleurotus ostreatus was 3.42 mM. Mushrooms were dipped in 0.50 mM, 1.25 mM and 2.00 mM solutions of cinnamic acid and stored in polyethylene bags for 4,7, 11 and 14 days at 4°C . After the storage period the organoleptic properties were evaluated. After 07 days of storage product started to deteriorate in the controls and some treated samples. Mushrooms treated with a cinnamic acid concentration of 1.25 mM and packed in polyethylene bags and stored at 4°C maintained the organoleptic properties up to 11 days. The storage life of Oyster mushroom can be extended up to 11 days at 4°C using 1.25 mM cinnamic acid dipping and packaging in 150 gauge (38 µm) polyethylene bags with 3:1 surface area to weight ratio.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v8i0.5230J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 8 (2013): 19-32
Translational Medicine in Action: Anti-CD20 Therapy in Lymphoma
Authors: Lim Sean H. , Levy Ronald 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The introduction of rituximab for B cell lymphoma in the late 1990s inaugurated a new era of cancer therapy showcasing mAbs. mAbs are in principle an amalgamation of two characteristics of a perfect anticancer drug. First, rituximab is a therapy targeted to the tumor cell, but it carries fewer side effects than does chemotherapy. Second, with its ability to directly engage the host immune system, it could potentially elicit longer lasting anticancer immunity, although this remains to be proven. This review highlights the fundamental scientific discoveries that allowed the development of clinically successful anti-CD20 mAbs. Since the approval of rituximab, a considerable amount of work has been undertaken by different groups trying to understand the workings and limitations of anti-CD20s. All of these efforts will be critical in designing new mAbs to CD20 and other targets and, ultimately, of anticancer mAbs that will improve on, or even replace, chemotherapy.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Cell Envelopes and Native Membrane Vesicles Derived from Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Zielke Ryszard A. , Gafken Philip R. , Sikora Aleksandra E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractProteins localized to the cell envelope and naturally released membrane vesicles (MVs) play diverse functions in physiology and pathogenesis of Gram‐negative bacteria. Study of these proteome fractions is essential for better understanding the basic physiological processes, development of vaccines, and identification of potential drug targets. This unit presents gel‐free quantitative proteomic methods for comprehensive proteomic profiling of the cell envelopes and MVs. The procedure starts with the precipitation of the isolated proteome fractions to remove any potential compounds that may interfere with downstream experimental steps. Subsequently, the proteins are reduced, alkylated, and subjected to trypsin digestion. The trypsinized peptides are labeled using isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), and analyzed samples are pooled and subjected to rigorous prefractionations by strong cation exchange (SCX) and reversed‐phase (RP) liquid chromatography (LC). Finally, the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragmentation enables peptides identification and quantification. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 34:1F.3.1‐1F.3.16. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Energiedissipierende Fassadenverankerung mit Crashmaterial für explosionsbeanspruchte Gebäude
Authors: Viefhues Eva , Wellershoff Frank , Mehdianpour Milad 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWenn repräsentative Bauwerke wie Botschaften und Flughäfen außergewöhnlichen Lasten aus Explosion ausgesetzt sind, dann kann das Ausmaß des zu erwartenden Schadens aus einer solchen Belastung durch den Einsatz von energiedissipierenden Schutzbauteilen in der Fassadenverankerung begrenzt werden. Bisher ist über das Tragverhalten solcher Schutzbauteile wenig bekannt. In diesem Aufsatz werden Konstruktion und Wirkungsweise einer Verankerung für vorgehängte Fassaden vorgestellt, die in der Lage sind, einen Teil der Stoßenergie über Verformung eines Crashmaterials zu dissipieren. Versuche an einer bauteilähnlichen Konstruktion liefern Informationen über das Tragverhalten der Fassadenverankerung, insbesondere bei dynamischen Belastungen. Aus den Ergebnissen wird ein Konzept für die Vordimensionierung der vorgestellten Schutzbauteile abgeleitet.Energy dissipating protective component for façade connectors of buildings under impulsive blast loads using crash materialIn the past few years public awareness of the need to protect structures against blast effects has risen. Blast wave energy is transmitted to the supporting structure by its façade connectors. Energy dissipating protective components placed at the connectors allow protecting people in the building as well as the primary building structure from damage. In this paper we present a protective component that dissipates blast energy by crash material. The report explores the system's fundamentals of operation from an experimental point of view. The results of dynamic tests are the basis of a design concept for the protective components.
Combining Topological and Steric Constraints for the Preparation of Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Mohankumar Meera , Monti Filippo , Holler Michel , Niess Frédéric , Delavaux‐Nicot Béatrice , Armaroli Nicola , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Nicola Armaroli (ISOF, CNR, Bologna, Italy), Jean‐Pierre Sauvage (ISIS, University of Strasbourg), Jean‐François Nierengarten (University of Strasbourg and CNRS), and Béatrice Delavaux‐Nicot (LCC, CNRS, Toulouse). The image depicts an artistic view of a phosphorescent copper(I) complex with a glowing yin–yang symbol in the background because the formation of the compound is thermodynamically driven. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201402429.
Effects of sex and seasonality on the song control system and FoxP2 protein expression in black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)
Authors: Phillmore Leslie S. , MacGillivray Heather L. , Wilson K. Ryan , Martin Stephanie 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPlasticity in behavior is mirrored by corresponding plasticity in the brain in many songbird species. In some species, song system nuclei (Phillmore et al. [2006]: J Neurobiol 66:1002–1010) are larger in birds in breeding condition than birds in nonbreeding condition, possibly due to increased vocal output in spring. FOXP2, a transcription factor associated with language expression and comprehension in humans and song learning in songbirds, also shows plasticity. FoxP2 expression in songbird Area X, a region important for sensorimotor integration, is related to developmental and adult vocal plasticity (Teramitsu et al. [2010]: J Neurosci 24:3152–3163, Chen et al. [2013], J Exp Biol 216:3682–3692). In this study, we examined whether sex and breeding condition affects both song control system volume (HVC, X) and FoxP2 protein expression in black‐capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). HVC volume was larger in males in breeding condition than males in nonbreeding condition, but there were no sex differences. In contrast, Area X volume was larger in males than females, regardless of breeding condition, likely reflecting that male and female chickadees produce learned chick‐a‐dee calls year round, but output of the learned song increases in breeding males. FoxP2 protein levels did not differ between sexes or breeding condition when calculated as a ratio of labeled cells in Area X to labeled cells in the surrounding striato‐pallium, however, absolute density of FoxP2 in both regions was higher in males than in females. This may indicate that chickadees maintain a level of FoxP2 necessary for plasticity year‐round, but males have greater potential for plasticity compared to females. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 203–216, 2015
Preliminary works for the new Semmering Base Tunnel – geotechnical monitoring of slope stabilization measures and earth retaining structures / Vorarbeiten für den Semmering‐Basistunnel neu – geotechnisches Monitoring bei Hangsicherungen und Stützkonstruktionen
Authors: Schuller Hartmut , Schachinger Tobias , Riepler Franz 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn preparation for the construction of the new Semmering Base Tunnel, which will reach a length of 27.3 km, comprehensive preliminary measures had to be completed. As a part of Contract Section SBT2.3, several slope stabilization measures, as well as earth retaining structures and ramps using the reinforced earth method, were constructed. This contribution will give an overview of the construction measures, as well as of the systematic geotechnical monitoring that was implemented as part of the geotechnical safety management program.Für den 27,3 km langen Semmering‐Basistunnel neu wurden umfangreiche vorbereitende Maßnahmen ausgeführt. Im Baulos SBT2.3 wurden neben einer Vielzahl an Böschungs‐ und Hangsicherungsmaßnahmen auch Stützkonstruktionen und Rampen in Bewehrte‐Erde‐Bauweise errichtet. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die Baumaßnahmen und das systematische geotechnische Monitoring, das im Rahmen des geotechnischen Sicherheitsmanagement ausgeführt wurde.
Maximum Order of Triangle‐Free Graphs with a Given Rank
Authors: Ghorbani E. , Mohammadian A. , Tayfeh‐Rezaie B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe rank of a graph is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix. A graph is called reduced if it has no isolated vertices and no two vertices with the same set of neighbors. We determine the maximum order of reduced triangle‐free graphs with a given rank and characterize all such graphs achieving the maximum order.