bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape evolution of multiple interacting droplets in inkjet deposition
Authors: Zhou Wenchao , Loney Drew , Fedorov Andrei G. , Degertekin F. Levent , Rosen David W. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to advance the understanding of the droplet deposition process to better predict and control the manufacturing results for ink-jet deposition.

Design/methodology/approach
– As material interface has both geometric and physical significance to manufacturing, the approach the authors take is to study the interface evolution during the material joining process in ink-jet deposition using a novel shape metric and a previously developed powerful simulation tool. This tool is an experimentally validated numerical solver based on the combination of the lattice Boltzmann method and the phase-field model that enabled efficient simulation of multiple-droplet interactions in three dimensions.

Findings
– The underlying physics of two-droplet interaction is carefully examined, which provides deep insights into the effects of the printing conditions on the interface evolution of multiple-droplet interaction. By studying line printing, it is found that increasing impact velocity or decreasing fluid viscosity can reduce manufacturing time. For array printing, the authors have found the issue of air bubble entrapment that can lead to voids in the manufactured parts.

Research limitations/implications
– The array of droplets impinges simultaneously, in contrast to most ink-jet printers. Sequential impingement of lines of droplet needs to be studied. Also, impingement on non-planar surfaces has not been investigated yet, but is important for additive manufacturing. Finally, it is recognized that the droplet hardening mechanisms need to be incorporated in the simulation tool to predict and control the final shape and size of the arbitrary features and manufacturing time for ink-jet deposition.

Practical implications
– The research findings in this paper imply opportunities for optimization of printing conditions and print head design. Furthermore, if precise droplet control can be achieved, it may be possible to eliminate the need for leveling roller in the current commercial printers to save machine and manufacturing cost.

Originality/value
– This work represents one of the first attempts for a systematic study of the interface dynamics of multiple-droplet interaction in ink-jet deposition enabled by the novel shape metric proposed in the paper and a previously developed numerical solver. The findings in this paper advanced the understanding of the droplet deposition process. The physics-based approach of analyzing the simulation results of the interface dynamics provides deep insights into how to predict and control the manufacturing relevant outcomes, and optimization of the deposition parameters is made possible under the same framework.
James VII's Multiconfessional Experiment and the Scottish Revolution of 1688–1690
Authors: Raffe Alasdair 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecently, historians have contended that the Scottish revolution of 1688–90 was at least as radical as the simultaneous revolution in England. This article makes a complementary claim: that James VII and II's policy of tolerating almost all Christian worship, which was introduced first in Scotland, had a greater impact in the northern kingdom than has previously been recognized. Using hitherto unexamined local church court papers, the article argues that James's indulgences of 1687 initiated a ‘multiconfessional experiment’, a period of largely unfettered competition between religious groups that lasted until the overthrow of the king in the revolution. Not only Scotland's small Catholic and Quaker communities, but also a large body of presbyterian dissenters, benefited from this multiconfessionalism. The revival of presbyterianism ultimately allowed for the re‐establishment of presbyterian government in 1690. Though there was peaceful coexistence between rival religious groups in 1687–8, the outbreak of religious violence at the revolution suggests that most Scots remained intolerant of cultural difference. The wider importance of James's experiment was to reveal how difficult it was for an established Church accustomed to uniformity to perform vital social functions – including poor relief and moral discipline – in conditions of religious pluralism.
Enforcing Religious Repression in an Age of World Empires: Assessing the Global Reach of the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions
Authors: Soyer François 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article highlights how the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions endeavoured to police religious orthodoxy on a global scale in an era without modern means of communication or personal identification. It examines how the inquisitors struggled to deal successfully with the high mobility of individuals who not only moved within the Spanish and Portuguese empires but also across political boundaries. The first section examines the means by which inquisitorial tribunals surmounted the challenge of geographical distance in their attempt to impose orthodoxy throughout the Iberian empires and ensure that individuals suspected of heresy could not seek to take advantage of the vastness of the Spanish and Portuguese empires to evade justice. The second section focuses on a single trial initiated in the Indian tribunal of Goa in the early seventeenth century and uses this case study to illustrate the manner in which the Inquisition was able to overcome the seemingly intractable obstacles of geographical and temporal distance, as well as jurisdictional boundaries, to establish the identity of a suspected heretic and prosecute him.
The Effects of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease on Forensic Breath Alcohol Testing
Authors: Booker James L. , Renfroe Kathryn 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFifteen test subjects, 10 of whom were diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), were dosed with alcohol to BACs above 0.150 g/dL. Blood and breath assays taken at 20‐min intervals for 8 h after dosing demonstrated close agreement between postabsorptive BAC and BrAC values. Three subjects exhibited elevated breath alcohol concentrations up to 0.105 g/dL during the absorptive phase that were apparently due to the passage of gastric alcohol through the lower esophageal sphincter not attributable to eruction or regurgitation. The effect of gastric alcohol was not consistently proportional to the amount of unabsorbed gastric alcohol. Absorption of alcohol in the esophagus explains the nonproportionality. Breath samples contaminated by GERD‐related alcohol leakage from the stomach into a breath sample were found only when there was a high concentration of alcohol in the stomach. When contaminated breath samples were encountered, they were irreproducible in magnitude.
Imaging evaluation of treated benign bone tumours
Authors: Dobson Michael A , McDonald Douglas J , Wessell Daniel E , Friedman Michael V 
Published: June 2015

SummaryA number of benign bone tumours can be treated with curettage and packing with either bone cement or graft. It is essential that the radiologist be familiar with both the normal and abnormal post‐operative imaging appearance of these treated tumours. Through the use of numerous imaging examples, we aim to provide a pictorial review of the expected post‐operative appearance of benign bone tumours treated with curettage and packing, as well as the imaging features of recurrence, the most common potential complication.
Evaluating the accuracy of the XVI dual registration tool compared with manual soft tissue matching to localise tumour volumes for post‐prostatectomy patients receiving radiotherapy
Authors: Campbell Amelia , Owen Rebecca , Brown Elizabeth , Pryor David , Bernard Anne , Lehman Margot 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionCone beam computerised tomography (CBCT) enables soft tissue visualisation to optimise matching in the post‐prostatectomy setting, but is associated with inter‐observer variability. This study assessed the accuracy and consistency of automated soft tissue localisation using XVI's dual registration tool (DRT).MethodsSixty CBCT images from ten post‐prostatectomy patients were matched using: (i) the DRT and (ii) manual soft tissue registration by six radiation therapists (RTs). Shifts in the three Cartesian planes were recorded. The accuracy of the match was determined by comparing shifts to matches performed by two genitourinary radiation oncologists (ROs). A Bland–Altman method was used to assess the 95% levels of agreement (LoA). A clinical threshold of 3 mm was used to define equivalence between methods of matching.ResultsThe 95% LoA between DRT‐ROs in the superior/inferior, left/right and anterior/posterior directions were −2.21 to +3.18 mm, −0.77 to +0.84 mm, and −1.52 to +4.12 mm, respectively. The 95% LoA between RTs‐ROs in the superior/inferior, left/right and anterior/posterior directions were −1.89 to +1.86 mm, −0.71 to +0.62 mm and −2.8 to +3.43 mm, respectively. Five DRT CBCT matches (8.33%) were outside the 3‐mm threshold, all in the setting of bladder underfilling or rectal gas. The mean time for manual matching was 82 versus 65 s for DRT.ConclusionsXVI's DRT is comparable with RTs manually matching soft tissue on CBCT. The DRT can minimise RT inter‐observer variability; however, involuntary bladder and rectal filling can influence the tools accuracy, highlighting the need for RT evaluation of the DRT match.
Management of Noncardiac Comorbidities in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Chong Vun Heng , Singh Jagdeep , Parry Helen , Saunders Jocelyn , Chowdhury Farhad , Mancini Donna M. , Lang Chim C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryPrevalence of heart failure is increasing, especially in the elderly population. Noncardiac comorbidities complicate heart failure care and are increasingly common in elderly patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction heart failure, owing to prolongation of patient's lives by advances in chronic heart failure (CHF) management. Common comorbidities include respiratory disease, renal dysfunction, anemia, arthritis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. These conditions contribute to the progression of the disease and may alter the response to treatment, partly as polypharmacy is inevitable in these patients. Cardiologists and other physicians caring for patients with CHF need to be vigilant to comorbid conditions that complicate the care of these patients. There is now more guidance on management of noncardiac comorbidities in heart failure, and this article contains a comprehensive review of the most recent updates on management of noncardiac comorbidities in CHF.
Rollback of Democracy? A Tocquevillean Perspective
Authors: Atanassow Ewa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article suggests that to judge the state of democracy today we need to clarify what we mean by democracy. Not simply given, democracy's institutional and moral meanings have been historically, and continue to be at present, the subject of intense disagreement. Drawing on one of the most influential accounts of modern democracy – Tocqueville's – it argues that far from rolling back, democracy defined by the passion for equality is, so to say, rolling forward; and that the various crises we are observing today issue less from the retreat than from a deepening of inherently democratic tendencies. These same trends may help explain the rise of neo‐liberalism in recent decades. Mitigating these deep‐seated tendencies would require a comprehensive set of remedies. Among them is the need to rethink not only the nature of equality but also, perhaps above all, the meaning of freedom.
European Democracy Promotion in Crisis: Conflicts of Objectives, Neglected External–Domestic Interactions and the Authoritarian Backlash
Authors: Grimm Sonja 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDemocracy promotion is an integral component of European foreign policy. However, the 1990s’ rosy proliberalization rhetoric faded with the failed interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq, the bumpy integration of the Western Balkans into the EU and the persistence of authoritarianism in the Arab world despite the popular uprisings of the Arab Spring. This article suggests four explanations for the observed lack of effectiveness of European democracy promotion: (1) the absence of a consensus among democracy promoters about policy objectives, and the interference of hidden agendas; (2) the neglect of rational interests of domestic actors and the dynamics of the external–domestic interplay in democracy promotion; (3) the adaption of authoritarian incumbents to the domestic and international threats to democratize, and (4) the existence of negative external actors interested in promoting autocracy and undermining democratic transition.
Fixing Europe Is About Performance, Not Democracy
Authors: Mungiu‐Pippidi Alina 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe gradual drop in public confidence in the EU since the beginning of the 2008 economic crisis indicates an erosion of the long‐held belief among citizens and elites alike that European integration is the best option to secure a better future. But is it EU democracy that is being challenged here, or is democracy itself challenging the prospects for EU integration? To answer this question, this article briefly reviews first‐hand evidence of the basis of trust and the loss of it in European institutions. The evidence is dealt with at a national rather than individual level, and comprises mostly survey data and primary facts that can inform a policy argument. This article does not offer a full explanation of populism nor of attitudes to democracy or globalization, each of which clearly deserve an article in their own right. Instead, it uses data to deconstruct the myths of the EU loss of confidence and its connection with democracy. The two main factors found to decrease trust in the EU are economic growth and confidence in national governments’ performance in terms of controlling corruption.
Testing of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Al‐Gamal Ekhlas 
Published: June 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study was to develop the Arabic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (A‐HADS) and test its psychometric proprieties for the assessment of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodThe A‐HADS and Quality of Life Index Pulmonary version were completed by 67 Jordanian patients with COPD.ResultsCronbach's alpha coefficient has been found to be 0.75 for the A‐HADS anxiety subscale and 0.82 for the A‐HADS depression subscale. A‐HADS scores correlated significantly with the Quality of Life Index Pulmonary version and demonstrated construct validity.ImplicationsThis preliminary validation study supports the A‐HADS as a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of anxiety and depression in Arabic speaking patients with COPD.
Nuclear respiratory factor 2 induces SIRT3 expression
Authors: Satterstrom F. Kyle , Swindell William R. , Laurent Gaëlle , Vyas Sejal , Bulyk Martha L. , Haigis Marcia C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 regulates several important metabolic processes. SIRT3 is transcriptionally upregulated in multiple tissues during nutrient stresses such as dietary restriction and fasting, but the molecular mechanism of this induction is unclear. We conducted a bioinformatic study to identify transcription factor(s) involved in SIRT3 induction. Our analysis identified an enrichment of binding sites for nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF‐2), a transcription factor known to play a role in the expression of mitochondrial genes, in the DNA sequences of SIRT3 and genes with closely correlated expression patterns. In vitro, knockdown or overexpression of NRF‐2 modulated SIRT3 levels, and the NRF‐2α subunit directly bound to the SIRT3 promoter. Our results suggest that NRF‐2 is a regulator of SIRT3 expression and may shed light on how SIRT3 is upregulated during nutrient stress.
Cross‐sectional study on socio‐demographic and clinical correlates of depression among human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients inSurat City,WesternIndia
Authors: Rupani Mihir Prafulbhai , Pawar Ajay Bhaskar , Bansal Raj Kumar , Patel Prakash B. , Shah Parag S. , Parikh Khushali D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionSurat has the highest incidence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) inGujarat, the main reason being its large migrant population. Mental health inHIV/AIDShas most often been a topic of neglect all over the world. This study attempts to assess the magnitude of depression and the socio‐demographic and clinical variables associated with it inHIV‐positive patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 270HIV‐positive patients usingBeck Depression Inventory (BDI; translated and validated inGujarati andHindi) along with a questionnaire for eliciting information on socio‐demographic and clinical variables.ResultsThe prevalence of depression amongHIV‐positive patients was 30% with 12.22% having mild depression; 14.07% with moderate depression and 3.7% with severe depression. Bivariate analysis showed that physical pain, physical illness,Cluster ofDifferentiation 4 (CD4) <300 cells/mm3,HIVpositive spouse, discrimination at hospital, discrimination in society, government setup as the first place ofHIVtest and broken relationship with spouse afterHIVdisclosure were significantly associated with depression among the patients. On multiple logistic regression, discrimination at hospital, physical pain andCD4 <300 cells/mm3were found to be the significant predictors of depression among the patients.DiscussionHIV‐positive patients can be screened by counselors using easy‐to‐administer scales likeBDI, which can be translated and validated into any regional language. A trained psychiatrist should be appointed at theAnti‐RetroviralTherapy (ART) center to take care of the mental health issues of the patients.
Episodic Future Thinking Is Related to Impulsive Decision Making in Healthy Adolescents
Authors: Bromberg Uli , Wiehler Antonius , Peters Jan 
Published: June 2015

Delay discounting is a stable trait measure of impulsivity. Engaging in episodic future thinking (EFT) can reduce discounting, but whether individual differences in discounting are associated with differences in future thinking remains unclear. Here, this association was tested in healthy adolescents (n = 49, age range = 12–16 years, fluent German speakers, from a large German city). Data collection was between December 2011 and December 2012. Vividness of EFT (assessed via the Autobiographical Memory Interview) was negatively correlated with discounting (r = −.41, 95% CI [−.63, −.13], r2 = .17). Regression analyses confirmed that this association was stable when controlling for additional variables, including hormonal measures of pubertal maturation and intelligence. EFT may attenuate impulsivity in young people at risk of engaging in problematic behavior.
Diagnosis of Dysponetinae (Chrysopetalidae, Annelida)
Authors: Aguado M. Teresa , Nygren Arne , Rouse Greg W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe subfamily Dysponetinae (Annelida, Chrysopetalidae) was proposed by Aguado et al. (Cladistics 29, 610) based on a phylogenetic analysis including morphological and molecular information. However, as a differential diagnosis of the new subfamily, as required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, was not included, the name was not made available. A diagnosis of the subfamily is proposed herein to correct this oversight.
Zur Immunologie von Metallallergien
Authors: Schmidt Marc , Goebeler Matthias 
Published: June 2015

ZusammenfassungAllergische Kontakthypersensitivität gegenüber Metallallergenen ist weltweit ein häufiges Gesundheitsproblem, das sowohl die Lebensqualität als auch die Arbeitsfähigkeit der betroffenen Personen stark beeinträchtigt. Schätzungsweise 15–20 % der westlichen Bevölkerung sind gegen mindestens ein Metallallergen überempfindlich. Damit übertreffen die Sensibilisierungsraten durch Metallallergene bei Weitem diejenigen durch Auslöser wie Duftstoffe und Kautschuk. Leider ist trotz gesetzgeberischer Bemühungen, den Gehalt allergieauslösender Metalle in Produkten für Arbeit und Freizeit zu verringern oder ganz zu verbieten, die Prävalenz der metallinduzierten Hypersensitivität immer noch hoch.In jüngerer Zeit wurden bei der Erforschung der Perzeptionsmechanismen, die den Entzündungsreaktionen auf diese Kontaktallergene zugrunde liegen, deutliche Fortschritte erzielt. In diesem Übersichtsartikel sind die neuesten Erkenntnisse zu dieser rätselhaften Erkrankung zusammengefasst. Besonderes Gewicht wird auf die Mechanismen der Stimulation des angeborenen Immunsystems sowie die Aktivierung von T‐Zellen durch häufige Metallallergene wie Nickel, Kobalt, Palladium und Chromat gelegt.
T‐Zellplastizität bei entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen – die Guten, die Schlechten und die Chamäleons
Authors: Gatzka Martina , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin 
Published: June 2015

ZusammenfassungNach dem Konzept der T‐Zellplastizität können periphere T‐Zellen – sobald sie sich in eine spezifische T‐Zell‐Untergruppe differenziert haben – in Reaktion auf neue Umweltfaktoren oder veränderte Signale den Phänotyp einer anderen Helferzell‐Untergruppe in Bezug auf Zytokinproduktion und regulatorische Funktionen annehmen. Die T‐Zellplastizität – besonders die Umwandlung regulatorischer T‐Zellen (Tregs) zu IL‐17‐produzierenden Entzündungszellen – wurde in jüngster Zeit bei verschiedenen T‐Zell‐vermittelten entzündlichen Erkrankungen wie rheumatoider Arthritis, Multipler Sklerose, entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen und Psoriasis als wichtiger Pathomechanismus, der an der Verschlimmerung von Entzündungssymptomen und der Chronifizierung der Krankheit beteiligt ist, beschrieben. Neben Psoriasis kann das Phänomen der Immunzellplastizität auch bei anderen entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen mit T‐Zell‐Komponente und/oder einer IL‐17‐vermittelten Symptomatik eine Rolle spielen, wie beispielsweise bei Lichen ruber, Lupus erythematodes, blasenbildenden Erkrankungen, allergischen Erkrankungen sowie anderen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die grundlegenden molekularen Mechanismen zusammen, welche über das Schicksal von T‐Zellen und ihre Plastizität in entzündeter Haut und anderen lymphatischen Organen entscheiden. Außerdem umreißt sie die Wirkung etablierter zielgerichteter Therapien sowie alternativer Konzepte daraufhin, wie sich die ungewollte Umwandlung “hilfreicher” T‐Zellen und anderer nützlicher Immunzellen in pathologische entzündliche „Schädlinge“ vermeiden lässt.