bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of a Less Stable Conformer of N,N′‐Piperazine‐bis(methylenephosphonate) Ligand in a Six‐coordinated ­Samarium Phosphonate Framework
Authors: Li Xinfa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) samarium phosphonate framework [Sm2(H2L)3]n·5n(H2O) (1) [H4L = N,N′‐piperazine‐bis(methylenephosphonic acid)] was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Sm2O3 with N,N′‐piperazine‐bis(methylenephosphonic acid) hydrochloride in the presence of glutaric acid. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that it has a 3D open framework structure with helical channels along the crystallographic c axis. The channels are filled up by discrete pentameric water clusters, which are hydrogen‐bonded to the host. Compound 1 displays two interesting structural features: (a) two of three H2L2– ligands adopt the less stable a,e‐cis conformation; (b) both of the SmIII ions exhibit rather unusual octahedral coordination arrangements. In addition, the photoluminescent property was investigated.
Marital Disruption and Health Insurance
Authors: Peters H. Elizabeth , Simon Kosali , Taber Jamie Rubenstein 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDespite the high levels of marital disruption in the United States and the fact that a significant portion of health insurance coverage for those less than age 65 is based on family membership, surprisingly little research is available on the consequences of marital disruption for the health insurance coverage of men, women, and children. We address this shortfall by examining patterns of coverage surrounding marital disruption for men, women, and children, further subset by educational level. Using the 1996, 2001, and 2004 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we find large differences in health insurance coverage across marital status groups in the cross-section. In longitudinal analyses that focus on within-person change, we find small overall coverage changes but large changes in type of coverage following marital disruption. Both men and women show increases in private coverage in their own names, but offsetting decreases in dependent coverage tend to be larger. One surprising result is that dependent coverage for children also declines after marital dissolution, even though children are still likely to be eligible for that coverage. Children and (to a lesser extent) women show increases in public coverage around the time of divorce or separation. We also find that these patterns differ by education. The most vulnerable group appears to be lower-educated women with children because the increases in private, own-name, and public insurance are not large enough to offset the large decrease in dependent coverage. As the United States implements federal health reform, it is critical that we understand the ways in which life course events—specifically, marital disruption—shape the dynamic patterns of coverage.
Optimal streaks in the circular cylinder wake and suppression of the global instability
Authors: Del Guercio Gerardo , Cossu Carlo , Pujals Gregory 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe steady, spanwise-periodic, symmetric (varicose) optimal blowing and suction that maximizes energy amplification in the circular cylinder wake is computed at Reynolds numbers ranging from 50 to 100. It is found that the cylinder wake can sustain large energy amplifications that are associated with the generation by the optimal blowing and suction of streamwise vortices near the cylinder, which then induce the transient spatial growth of high-energy streamwise streaks further downstream. The most amplified perturbations have spanwise wavelengths ranging from five to seven times the cylinder diameter at the Reynolds numbers considered, with the corresponding optimal streaks reaching their maximum amplitude in the near wake, inside the pocket of absolute instability which sustains the global instability. The optimal blowing and suction is shown to stabilize the global linear instability. The most stabilizing spanwise wavelengths are in good agreement with previous findings. The amplitude of optimal blowing and suction required to suppress the global instability decreases when the Reynolds number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Re}$ is increased from 75 to 100. This trend reveals the key role played by the non-normal amplification of the streaks in the stabilization process, which is able to overcome the increase of the uncontrolled global growth rate with $\mathit{Re}$. Finally, it is shown that the global instability can be suppressed with control amplitudes smaller than those required by 2-D (spanwise-uniform) control. This result is not what would be expected from first-order sensitivity analyses, which predict a zero sensitivity of the global instability to spanwise-periodic control and, in general, a non-zero sensitivity to spanwise-uniform control.
Sceptical theism and a lying God: Wielenberg's argument defended and developed
Authors: LAW STEPHEN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSceptical theists attempt to block the evidential argument from evil by arguing that a key premise of that argument – that gratuitous evil exists – cannot reasonably be maintained. They argue that, for all we know, our knowledge of reasons God may have to permit such evil is radically incomplete. Thus the fact that we cannot identify reasons for God to permit the evil we observe does not allow us reasonably to conclude that no such reasons exist. In response, Erik Wielenberg has pointed out what appears to be, for many sceptical theists, an unfortunate further consequence of their position. According to Wielenberg, if sceptical theism is correct, then, similarly, the fact that we cannot identify reasons why God would lie to us does not allow us reasonably to conclude no such reasons exist. But then, for all we know, God's word constitutes not a divine revelation but a divine lie. This article examines sceptical theist responses to Wielenberg's argument to date (from Segal, and McBrayer and Swenson) and develops two new Wielenberg-style arguments for the same conclusion.
Adaptive dynamic surface control for vision-based stabilization of an uncertain electrically driven nonholonomic mobile robot
Authors: Cao Zhengcai , Yin Longjie , Fu Yili , Dai Jian S 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the vision-based pose stabilization of an electrically driven nonholonomic mobile robot with parametric uncertainties in robot kinematics, robot dynamics, and actuator dynamics. A robust adaptive visual stabilizing controller is proposed with the utilization of adaptive control, backstepping, and dynamic surface control techniques. For the controller design, the idea of backstepping is used and the adaptive control approach is adopted to deal with all uncertainties. We also apply the dynamic surface control method to avoid the repeated differentiations of virtual controllers existing in the backstepping design procedure such that the control development is easier to be implemented. Moreover, to attenuate the effect of disturbances on control performance, smooth robust compensators are exploited. It is proved that all signals in the closed-loop system can be guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.
Neurodevelopmental outcome following open heart surgery in infancy: 6-year follow-up
Authors: Jones Bryn , Muscara Frank , Lloyd Owen , McKinlay Lynne , Justo Robert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground: Children undergoing open heart surgery are at risk of neurological injury. A cohort of 35 patients, who had undergone cardiac surgery during infancy, had a significant reduction in Bayley Scale of Infant Development scores at a 12-month assessment. This cohort has now reached an appropriate age to reassess developmental progress. Methods: Detailed psychometric testing was conducted on 20 children from the original cohort using the Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, and the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. Parents completed the Connor’s Rating Scale, the Behaviour Rating Scale of Executive Functioning, and the Child Behaviour Checklist. Results: The mean age of the cohort at assessment was 6.6 (standard deviation 0.4) years. Mean scores on all tests of intelligence, memory, academic achievement, and executive function fell within the average range. Of the children, 20–35% were found to have significant difficulties across these areas. Mean scores in the areas of social, emotional, behavioural, and psychological functioning also fell within the average range. Of the children studied, 35% had clinically significant problems in these areas. There was only a weak association between the 12-month scores and the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient at 6 years. Conclusion: Detailed psychometric testing of these children suggests that they generally function in the average range; however, a significant proportion falls below age expectations in all the areas assessed. This highlights the importance of long-term follow-up with routine developmental screening to allow identification of a subgroup that may benefit from early educational and behavioural intervention.
Influence of Static Atomic Displacements on Composition Quantification of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures from HAADF-STEM Images
Authors: Schowalter Marco , Stoffers Ingo , Krause Florian F. , Mehrtens Thorsten , Müller Knut , Fandrich Malte , Aschenbrenner Timo , Hommel Detlef , Rosenauer Andreas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn an earlier publication Rosenauer et al. introduced a method for determination of composition in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures from high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) images. Static atomic displacements (SADs) were neglected during simulation of reference data because of the similar covalent radii of Al and Ga. However, SADs have been shown (Grillo et al.) to influence the intensity in HAADF images and therefore could be the reason for an observed slight discrepancy between measured and nominal concentrations. In the present study parameters of the Stillinger–Weber potential were varied in order to fit computed elastic constants, lattice parameters and bonding energies to experimental ones. A reference data set of HAADF images was simulated, in which the new parameterization was used to account for SADs. Two reference samples containing AlGaN layers with different Al concentrations were investigated and Al concentrations in the layers determined based on the new data set. We found that these concentrations were in good agreement with nominal concentrations as well as concentrations determined using alternative techniques such as strain state analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Single Source Precursor-based Solvothermal Synthesis of Heteroatom-doped Graphene and Its Energy Storage and Conversion Applications
Authors: Quan Bo , Yu Seung-Ho , Chung Dong Young , Jin Aihua , Park Ji Hyun , Sung Yung-Eun , Piao Yuanzhe 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Solvothermal processes are considered efficient approaches for the gram-scale production of graphene. Further modification of graphene by chemical doping is an important approach to tailor its properties. In this work, we successfully synthesized sulfur-doped graphene by using a solvothermal method with dimethyl sulfoxide as a precursor, which is a common laboratory reagent. Nitrogen-doped graphene was produced to demonstrate the generality of this process. These heteroatom-doped graphene materials exhibited high surface areas and high contents of heteroatoms. Furthermore, the lithium-ion storage properties and oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity of these materials were also investigated. The success of this approach might facilitate the development of other advanced graphene-based materials with relative simplicity, scalability and cost effectiveness for use in various potential applications.
High‐frequency radiating element and modified 3 dB/90° electronic shifting circuit with circular polarisation for broadband reflectarray device cells
Authors: Padilla J.L. , Padilla P. , Valenzuela‐Valdés J.F. , Fernández‐González J.M. 
Published: July 2014

The design of a high‐frequency radiating element plus a broadband shifting circuit for reflectarray device cells is provided. The cell design is based on modified broadband 3 dB/90° reflecting circuit interlacing polarisation, along with a multilayered planar radiating element. The basics of the structure are to capture the signal at each cell of the reflectarray, to introduce the proper phase shift by means of the modified 3 dB/90° shifter and to re‐radiate the signal again towards the radiating direction. This device reduces the complexity of the reflectarray cells in terms of design and manufacturing, enabling it to deal with circular polarisation in an easily affordable manner. The complete design of the unitary cell is provided.
The magnetoelectrochemical switch
Authors: Lunca Popa Petru , Kemp Neil T. , Majjad Hicham , Dalmas Guillaume , Faramarzi Vina , Andreas Christian , Hertel Riccardo , Doudin Bernard 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The magnetic gradient force field offers numerous possibilities to position and manipulate magnetic nanoparticles, but has limited influence on paramagnetic molecules in solutions. We argue here that proper design and miniaturization of ferromagnetic electrodes create huge force fields in their vicinity, tunable by an external magnetic field. We illustrate this concept by presenting how the conduction of a Ni metallic nanobridge is drastically modified by the Ni redox reactions equilibrium shifted under magnetic control, creating the chemical equivalent of the solid-state spin valve device. While the importance of the magnetic field amplitude on chemical reactions is well documented, our findings suggest that the magnetic field gradient can become a dominant influencing factor on chemical reactions at the nanoscale.
Intracellular Ca-carbonate biomineralization is widespread in cyanobacteria
Authors: Benzerara Karim , Skouri-Panet Feriel , Li Jinhua , Férard Céline , Gugger Muriel , Laurent Thierry , Couradeau Estelle , Ragon Marie , Cosmidis Julie , Menguy Nicolas , Margaret-Oliver Isabel , Tavera Rosaluz , López-García Purificación , Moreira David 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Cyanobacteria are known to promote the precipitation of Ca-carbonate minerals by the photosynthetic uptake of inorganic carbon. This process has resulted in the formation of carbonate deposits and a fossil record of importance for deciphering the evolution of cyanobacteria and their impact on the global carbon cycle. Though the mechanisms of cyanobacterial calcification remain poorly understood, this process is invariably thought of as extracellular and the indirect by-product of metabolic activity. Here, we show that contrary to common belief, several cyanobacterial species perform Ca-carbonate biomineralization intracellularly. We observed at least two phenotypes for intracellular biomineralization, one of which shows an original connection with cell division. These findings open new perspectives on the evolution of cyanobacterial calcification.
Syntheses and biological activities of the proposed structure of apteniol A and its derivatives
Authors: Nishikawa Hikaru , Noshita Toshiro , Tai Akihiro , Ouchi Hidekazu , Okamoto Taisuke , Saito Akiko , Yamada Teiko , Iomori Atsuko , Ishimata Nao 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We describe the syntheses of the proposed structure of diphenyl ether oxyneolignan, apteniol A and its derivatives. The diphenyl ether moiety of proposed apteniol A was formed via Ullmann ether synthesis, but the spectral data of the synthesized apteniol A did not agree with that in previous studies. The dimethyl ester derivative of the proposed apteniol A was found to enhance neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and inhibit antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells.
Identification and characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila genes encoding the outer membrane receptor of ferrioxamine B and an AraC-type transcriptional regulator
Authors: Funahashi Tatsuya , Tanabe Tomotaka , Maki Jun , Miyamoto Katsushiro , Tsujibo Hiroshi , Yamamoto Shigeo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We found that, under iron-limiting conditions, Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966T could utilize the xenosiderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) for growth by inducing the expression of its own outer membrane receptor. Two consecutive genes, desR and desA, were selected as candidates involved in DFOB utilization. The presence of the ferric-uptake regulator boxes in their promoters suggested that these genes are under iron-dependent regulation. Mutation of desA, a gene that encodes the outer membrane receptor of ferrioxamine B, disrupted the growth of the amonabactin-deficient mutant in the presence of DFOB. β-Galactosidase reporter assays and reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR demonstrated that desR, a gene that encodes an AraC-like regulator homolog is required for the induction of desA transcription in the presence of DFOB and under iron-limiting conditions. The functions of desA and desR were analyzed using complementation experiments. Our data provided evidence that DesA is powered primarily by the TonB2 system.
Detection of molecular gas in an ALMA [C ii]-identified submillimetre galaxy at z = 4.44
Authors: Huynh M. T. , Kimball A. E. , Norris R. P. , Smail Ian , Chow K. E. , Coppin K. E. K. , Emonts B. H. C. , Ivison R. J. , Smolčić V. , Swinbank A. M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We present the detection of 12CO(2–1) in the z = 4.44 submillimetre galaxy ALESS65.1 using the Australia Telescope Compact Array. A previous Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array study of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South determined the redshift of this optically and near-infrared undetected source through the measurement of [C ii] 157.74 μm emission. Using the luminosity of the 12CO(2–1) emission, we estimate the gas mass to be Mgas ∼ 1.7 × 1010 M⊙. The gas depletion time-scale of ALESS65.1 is ∼ 25 Myr, similar to other high-redshift SMGs and consistent with z &gt; 4 SMGs being the progenitors of massive ‘red-and-dead’ galaxies at z &gt; 2. The ratio of the [C ii], 12CO and far-infrared luminosities implies a strong far-ultraviolet field of G0 ∼ 103.25, which is at the high end of the far-ultraviolet fields seen in local starbursts, but weaker than the far-ultraviolet fields of most nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). The high ratio of $L_{\rm [{\rm C\,\small {II}}]}/L_{\rm FIR} = 1.0 \times 10^{-3}$ observed in ALESS65.1, combined with $L_{\rm [{\rm C\,\small {II}}]}/L_{\rm CO} \sim 2300$, is consistent with ALESS65.1 having more extended regions of intense star formation than local ULIRGs.
Financial engineering for the farm problem
Authors: G. Turvey Calum , Woodard Joshua , Liu Edith 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a general discussion of how techniques from financial engineering can be used to investigate the economic costs of farm programs and to aid in the design of new financial products to implement margin protection for dairy farmers. Specifically the paper investigates the Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) and the Dairy Margin Protection (DMP) program. In addition the paper introduces the concept of the Milk to Corn Price ratio to protect margins.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper introduces and reviews the tools of financial engineering. These include the stochastic calculus and Itô's Lemma. The empirical tool is Monte Carlo simulations. The approach is part pedagogy and part practice.

Findings
– In this paper the authors illustrate how financial engineering can be used to price complex price stabilization formula in the USA and to illustrate its use in the design of new products.

Practical implications
– In this paper the authors illustrate how financial engineering can be used to price complex price stabilization formula in the USA and to illustrate its use in the design of new products.

Social implications
– Farm programs designed to protect dairy farmers margins are designed in a seemingly ad hoc fashion. Assessments of programs such as MILC or DMP are conducted on an ex-post basis using historical data. The financial engineering approach presented in this paper provides the means to add significant depth to the assessment of such programs which can be used in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulation to identify alternative model structures before they are written into law.

Originality/value
– This paper builds upon an existing literature. Its originality is in the application of financial engineering techniques to farm dairy policy.
Using consumer surveys to determine food sustainability
Authors: Martindale Wayne 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to define the sustainability attributes of frozen and fresh food consumption in a typical household. The reason for writing this paper is that food preservation is often overlooked when developing sustainability strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses established carbon footprint data for specific food types and consumer survey data to determine how consumers use fresh and frozen products in the home. Consumption and waste data for 83 households was obtained using a combination of narrative and graphical association questions.

Findings
– The results show greenhouse gas emissions associated with a diets containing frozen food are reduced because 47 per cent less frozen foods is wasted as compared to fresh foods with a typical household wasting 10.4 per cent of fresh food and 5.9 per cent frozen food.

Research limitations/implications
– This research has highlighted the importance of understanding the waste impacts of catering and food service consumption outside the home.

Practical implications
– This research will guide future product development for frozen foods with regard to dietary planning and portion control.

Social implications
– The cost and sustainability benefits of meal planning are identified and these will inform policy making and education to improve dietary choices.

Originality/value
– This work extends the scope of current consumer surveys that assess quality, value and taste attributes to sustainability criteria and it will enable collaboration between fresh and frozen product categories to deliver sustainable dietary options.