bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic, Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Sulfenylated N‐Boc‐Protected Oxindoles.
Authors: Wang Chuan , Yang Xuena , Loh Charles C. J. , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new and efficient method to prepare biologically important 3‐sulfenylated oxindoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition of 3‐Aryloxindoles to a Vinyl Bisphosphonate Ester Catalyzed by a Cinchona Alkaloid Derived Thiourea Catalyst.
Authors: Zhao Mei‐Xin , Dai Tong‐Lei , Liu Ran , Wei Deng‐Ke , Zhou Hao , Ji Fei‐Hu , Shi Min 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Michael adducts (III), containing a chiral quaternary carbon center and geminal bisphosphonate ester fragment at the 3‐position of the oxindole, are obtained in moderate to good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Mono‐ and Double‐Carbonylation of Indoles with Amines Controllably Leading to Amides and α‐Ketoamides.
Authors: Xing Qi , Shi Lijun , Lang Rui , Xia Chungu , Li Fuwei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA condition‐controlled product selectivity is reported for the carbonylation reaction of indoles with primary and secondary amines leading either to amides as mono‐carbonylation products or to ketoamides as a result of double carbonylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of N‐ and C‐Alkenylanilines. Part 10. Synthesis of 2‐Vinyldihydroindoles from 4‐Methyl‐2‐(pent‐3‐en‐2‐yl)aniline.
Authors: Mazgarova G. G. , Absalyamova A. M. , Gataullin R. R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIndole derivative (III), which is synthesized from alkenylaniline derivative (I), reacts with bases to give dehydrohalogenation and halogen substitution products in ratios depending on the reagent structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Exclusive 1,2‐Aryl Shift in Platinum(II) Chloride Catalyzed Cyclization of 1‐(Indol‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐allenols.
Authors: Kong Wangqing , Qiu Youai , Zhang Xue , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA variety of biologically interesting polysubstituted carbazole derivatives is available from the starting allenols via 1,2‐methyl or 1,2‐aryl migration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indeno[1,2‐b]indole Derivatives Through One‐Pot Sequential or Two‐Step Iodine‐Catalyzed C—O Activation and Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Xu Hai‐Yan , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe two‐step reaction sequence from (VI) via (VIII) to (IX) can also be conducted as a one‐pot process with similar overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxindolyl Pyrazolines and 3‐Amino Oxindole Building Blocks via a Nitrile Imine [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Strategy.
Authors: Singh Anand , Loomer Amanda L. , Roth Gregory P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTreatment of 3‐alkylidene oxindoles with nitrile imines generated in situ allows an efficient, regio‐, and stereoselective access to novel spirocyclic pyrazolines like (III), (VI), and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Base‐Promoted Tandem Cycloaddition/Air Oxidation Reaction of Electron‐Deficient Conjugated Enynes and Hydrazines: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrazoles.
Authors: Yu Xiuzhao , Zhang Junliang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis is a mild and efficient synthesis of substituted pyrazoles with tolerance for a variety of functional groups including ketones, aldehydes, and ketoesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted Oxazolones by Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling of N‐Alkynyl tert‐Butyloxycarbamates with Aryl Halides and Related Electrophiles.
Authors: Lu Zenghui , Cui Weijian , Xia Siyuan , Bai Yihui , Luo Fang , Zhu Gangguo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe new method is widely applicable to synthesize the trisubstituted oxazolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Synthesis of [1,2,4]‐Triazoles Mediated by Iodine — A Regioselective Approach.
Authors: Guin Srimanta , Rout Saroj Kumar , Khatun Nilufa , Ghosh Tuhin , Patel Bhisma K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA regioselective and milder tandem one‐pot synthesis of the title compounds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of a Structurally and Stereochemically Complex Spirooxindole Pyran Scaffold Through an Organocatalytic Multicomponent Cascade Reaction.
Authors: Xie Xin , Peng Cheng , He Gu , Leng Hai‐Jun , Wang Biao , Huang Wei , Han Bo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA variety of spirooxindole pyran derivatives (IV) is prepared by an asymmetric Michael reaction of nitroalkenes (I) with aldehydes (II) followed by a Henry reaction of the Michael adduct with isatin (III) and a subsequent oxidation of intermediate hemiacetal.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Activation of Secondary sp3 C—H Bond Adjacent to Nitrogen Atom.
Authors: Pan Shiguang , Matsuo Yusuke , Endo Kohei , Shibata Takanori 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe described method can be used to synthesize chiral 2‐(alkylamino)pyridines with moderate to high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cyclization of Chloroaldehydes and 1‐Azadienes Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Jian Teng‐Yue , Sun Li‐Hui , Ye Song 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe carbene precursor (Ia) is suitable for the transformation of azadienes bearing a terminal aryl group.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorosilane‐Promoted Addition Reaction of Isocyanides to 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline N‐Oxides.
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Fujinami Shuhei , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe process represents a convenient method to prepare a wide range of biologically important tetrahydroisoquinoline‐1‐carboxylamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituted Quinolinones. Part 17. Some Nucleophilic Reactions with 4‐Hdroxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐ [(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)carbonyl]quinolin‐2(1H)‐one.
Authors: Abass Mohamed , Mohamed El‐Hussain A. , Mayas Aisha S. , Ibrahim Akram H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of a variety of new and interesting polynuclear heterocyclic compounds of expected biological activity via reactions of the title asymmetric diheterocyclic ketone (I) with different nucleophiles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Multi‐Component Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐6(7H)‐thiones.
Authors: Safaei Shirin , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mirkhani Valiollah 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe present new method provides easy access to the pharmaceutically relevant title compounds which are obtained in high yields within short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed, Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Arylidine‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazines and Their Applications for the Synthesis of Quinazoline 3‐Oxides.
Authors: Lee Wen‐Chun , Shen Ho‐Chuan , Hu Wan‐Ping , Lo Wei‐Sheng , Murali Chebrolu , Vandavasi Jaya Kishore , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCyclization of various alkynylamides in the presence of I2 affords the benzoxazine components in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,5‐Diketones with 2‐Aminobenzyl Alcohol and 2‐Aminomethylaniline and Behavior of the Products in Oxidative Coupling.
Authors: Slabko O. Yu. , Kachanov A. V. , Kaminskii V. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReactions of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol (Ia) or related diamine (Ib) with diketones (II), (IV), (VI), or (VIII) follow double cyclization scheme with formation of pyridobenzoxazines, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I) and Platinum(II) Switch: A Post‐Ugi Intramolecular Hydroarylation to Pyrrolopyridinones and Pyrroloazepinones.
Authors: Modha Sachin G. , Kumar Amit , Vachhani Dipak D. , Sharma Sunil K. , Parma Virinder S. , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe gold‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of Ugi adducts (V) affords selectively (E)‐pyrrolopyridinones (VI), whilst the cyclization of compounds (V) in the presence of platinum catalyst leads to pyrroloazepinones (VII) and/or pyrrolopyridinones (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Catalyzed Hydroboration of Terminal Alkynes to Z‐Vinylboronates.
Authors: Gunanathan Chidambaram , Hoelscher Markus , Pan Fangfang , Leitner Walter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe unprecedented direct, chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselective preparation of Z‐vinylboronates is achieved using a non‐classical ruthenium hydride pincer complex.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Formation of β‐Glycosyl Imidinium Triflate from Participating Thioglycosyl Donors: Elaboration to Disarmed—Armed Iterative Glycosylation
Authors: Lin Yu Hsien , Ghosh Bhaswati , Mong Kwok‐Kong Tony 
Published: March 2013

Abstract16 examples for disaccharides, 3 examples for trisaccharides
Process Intensification on Synthesis of Nanoparticles in a Spinning Disc Reactor
Authors: Haseidl Franz , Jacobsen Nikolas C. , Hinrichsen Kai‐Olaf 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDer Spinning‐Disc‐Reaktor mit seiner charakteristischen Fluiddynamik im dünnen Flüssigkeitsfilm auf einer rotierenden Scheibe eignet sich gut für die Synthese von Nanopartikeln. Zur systematischen Untersuchung der Einflussparameter wird zunächst die Mikrovermischung mithilfe eines Systems aus kompetitiv parallel verlaufenden Reaktionen (Villermaux‐Dushman‐Reaktion) bestimmt. Die Fällung von Bariumsulfat mit hoher Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und kurzer Induktionszeit wird zur Validierung der Ergebnisse herangezogen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden auf die Fällung superparamagnetischer Nanopartikel aus Magnetit angewendet. Es konnten gezielt Partikel mit Partikeldurchmessern zwischen 5 und 10 nm und enger Größenverteilung hergestellt werden.
Meta‐analysis reveals complex marine biological responses to the interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming
Authors: Harvey Ben P. , Gwynn‐Jones Dylan , Moore Pippa J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOcean acidification and warming are considered two of the greatest threats to marine biodiversity, yet the combined effect of these stressors on marine organisms remains largely unclear. Using a meta‐analytical approach, we assessed the biological responses of marine organisms to the effects of ocean acidification and warming in isolation and combination. As expected biological responses varied across taxonomic groups, life‐history stages, and trophic levels, but importantly, combining stressors generally exhibited a stronger biological (either positive or negative) effect. Using a subset of orthogonal studies, we show that four of five of the biological responses measured (calcification, photosynthesis, reproduction, and survival, but not growth) interacted synergistically when warming and acidification were combined. The observed synergisms between interacting stressors suggest that care must be made in making inferences from single‐stressor studies. Our findings clearly have implications for the development of adaptive management strategies particularly given that the frequency of stressors interacting in marine systems will be likely to intensify in the future. There is now an urgent need to move toward more robust, holistic, and ecologically realistic climate change experiments that incorporate interactions. Without them accurate predictions about the likely deleterious impacts to marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning over the next century will not be possible.
Plasticity in above‐ and belowground resource acquisition traits in response to single and multiple environmental factors in three tree species
Authors: Freschet Grégoire T. , Bellingham Peter J. , Lyver Philip O'B. , Bonner Karen I. , Wardle David A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFunctional trait plasticity is a major component of plant adjustment to environmental stresses. Here, we explore how multiple local environmental gradients in resources required by plants (light, water, and nutrients) and soil disturbance together influence the direction and amplitude of intraspecific changes in leaf and fine root traits that facilitate capture of these resources. We measured population‐level analogous above‐ and belowground traits related to resource acquisition, i.e. “specific leaf area”–“specific root length” (SLA–SRL), and leaf and root N, P, and dry matter content (DMC), on three dominant understory tree species with contrasting carbon and nutrient economics across 15 plots in a temperate forest influenced by burrowing seabirds. We observed similar responses of the three species to the same single environmental influences, but partially species‐specific responses to combinations of influences. The strength of intraspecific above‐ and belowground trait responses appeared unrelated to species resource acquisition strategy. Finally, most analogous leaf and root traits (SLA vs. SRL, and leaf versus root P and DMC) were controlled by contrasting environmental influences. The decoupled responses of above‐ and belowground traits to these multiple environmental factors together with partially species‐specific adjustments suggest complex responses of plant communities to environmental changes, and potentially contrasting feedbacks of plant traits with ecosystem properties. We demonstrate that despite the growing evidence for broadly consistent resource‐acquisition strategies at the whole plant level among species, plants also show partially decoupled, finely tuned strategies between above‐ and belowground parts at the intraspecific level in response to their environment. This decoupling within species suggests a need for many species‐centred ecological theories on how plants respond to their environments (e.g. competitive/stress‐tolerant/ruderal and response‐effect trait frameworks) to be adapted to account for distinct plant‐environment interactions among distinct individuals of the same species and parts of the same individual.
Catalytic and Chemoselective Oxidation of Activated Alcohols and Direct Conversion of Diols to Lactones with In Situ‐Generated Bis‐IBX Catalyst
Authors: Seth Saona , Jhulki Samik , Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe twisted 3,3′‐diiodo‐2,2′,6,6′‐tetramethoxybiphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid (DIDA) was designed and synthesized for the in situ generation of Bis‐IBX and catalytic oxidations. The seemingly better solubility of the in situ‐generated Bis‐IBX and the attenuated reactivity arising from its unique structural features and methoxy substituents allowed the catalytic oxidation of activated alcohols selectively using DIDA/oxone. Chemoselective oxidations were demonstrated for substrates containing two different hydroxy groups. Furthermore, the unique reactivity of DIDA was demonstrated for sequential oxidation reactions of 1,4‐ and 1,6‐diols to give lactones catalytically in respectable yields.
Study on communication technologies for the optimal operation of smart grids
Authors: Llaria Alvaro , Jiménez Jaime , Curea Octavian 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe traditional electrical grid must evolve to an intelligent smart grid (SG) to achieve efficiency, reliability, environmental and power quality improvements. Communication techniques and protocols will be crucial to manage the SG. This paper studies the communication requirements for SGs and describes the most suitable communication protocols, wired and wireless, with special attention to the latest proposals in this field. The security issues derived from data transmission through electrical grids are also analysed with a deep description of the current best practices employed to assure the SG protection face to intrusions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrode Evolution Using 3D Tomography
Authors: Yakal‐Kremski K. , Cronin J. S. , Chen‐Wiegart Y.‐C. K. , Wang J. , Barnett S. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper describes 3D tomographic investigations of the structural evolution of Ni‐yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Ni‐YSZ) and (La,Sr)MnO3‐YSZ (LSM‐YSZ) composite solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes. Temperatures higher than normally used in SOFC operation are utilized to accelerate electrode evolution. Quantitative 3D FIB‐SEM and X‐ray tomographic imaging contributes to development of mechanistic evolution models needed to accurately predict long‐term durability. Ni‐YSZ anode functional layers annealed in humidified hydrogen at 900–1,100 °C exhibited microstructural coarsening leading to a decrease in three‐phase boundary (TPB) density. There was also a change in the fraction of pores that were isolated, which impacted the density of electrochemically active TPBs. The polarization resistance of optimally fired LSM‐YSZ electrodes increased upon thermal aging at 1,000 °C, whereas that of under‐fired electrodes decreased upon aging. These results are explained in terms of observed 3D microstructural changes.
Kernel Machine SNP‐Set Testing Under Multiple Candidate Kernels
Authors: Wu Michael C. , Maity Arnab , Lee Seunggeun , Simmons Elizabeth M. , Harmon Quaker E. , Lin Xinyi , Engel Stephanie M. , Molldrem Jeffrey J. , Armistead Paul M. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTJoint testing for the cumulative effect of multiple single‐nucleotide polymorphisms grouped on the basis of prior biological knowledge has become a popular and powerful strategy for the analysis of large‐scale genetic association studies. The kernel machine (KM)‐testing framework is a useful approach that has been proposed for testing associations between multiple genetic variants and many different types of complex traits by comparing pairwise similarity in phenotype between subjects to pairwise similarity in genotype, with similarity in genotype defined via a kernel function. An advantage of the KM framework is its flexibility: choosing different kernel functions allows for different assumptions concerning the underlying model and can allow for improved power. In practice, it is difficult to know which kernel to use a priori because this depends on the unknown underlying trait architecture and selecting the kernel which gives the lowest P‐value can lead to inflated type I error. Therefore, we propose practical strategies for KM testing when multiple candidate kernels are present based on constructing composite kernels and based on efficient perturbation procedures. We demonstrate through simulations and real data applications that the procedures protect the type I error rate and can lead to substantially improved power over poor choices of kernels and only modest differences in power vs. using the best candidate kernel.
Temporal trends in vent fluid iron and sulfide chemistry following the 2005/2006 eruption at East Pacific Rise, 9°50′N
Authors: Yücel Mustafa , Luther George W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe chemistry of vent fluids that emanate to the seafloor undergoes dramatic changes after volcanic eruptions. Data on these changes are still limited, but the best studied example is the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 9°50′N, where the temporal evolution of the vent fluid chemistry after the 1991/1992 eruption was documented. The area underwent another eruption sequence during late 2005/early 2006, and here we show that a similar evolution is recurring in the iron and sulfide contents of the high‐temperature fluids sampled in June 2006, January 2007, and June 2008. The vents have had increasing dissolved iron and decreasing acid‐volatile sulfide (free sulfide plus FeS) concentrations with 1 order of magnitude variation. In addition, chromium reducible sulfide (mainly pyrite) also had fivefold decreasing concentrations over the 3 years. Our results confirm a pattern that was noted only once before for 9°50′N EPR and emphasize the dramatic yearly variability in the concentrations of iron‐sulfur species emanating from vents.
The nutritional management of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: International society for hepatic encephalopathy and nitrogen metabolism consensus
Authors: Amodio Piero , Bemeur Chantal , Butterworth Roger , Cordoba Juan , Kato Akinobu , Montagnese Sara , Uribe Misael , Vilstrup Hendrik , Morgan Marsha Y. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Nitrogen metabolism plays a major role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with cirrhosis. Modulation of this relationship is key to the management of HE, but is not the only nutritional issue that needs to be addressed. The assessment of nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis is problematic. In addition, there are significant sex-related differences in body composition and in the characteristics of tissue loss, which limit the usefulness of techniques based on measures of muscle mass and function in women. Techniques that combine subjective and objective variables provide reasonably accurate information and are recommended. Energy and nitrogen requirements in patients with HE are unlikely to differ substantially from those recommended in patients with cirrhosis per se viz. 35-45 kcal/g and 1.2-1.5g/kg protein daily. Small meals evenly distributed throughout the day and a late-night snack of complex carbohydrates will help minimize protein utilization. Compliance is, however, likely to be a problem. Diets rich in vegetables and dairy protein may be beneficial and are therefore recommended, but tolerance varies considerably in relation to the nature of the staple diet. Branched chain amino acid supplements may be of value in the occasional patient intolerant of dietary protein. Increasing dietary fiber may be of value, but the utility of probiotics is, as yet, unclear. Short-term multivitamin supplementation should be considered in patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis. Hyponatremia may worsen HE; it should be prevented as far as possible and should always be corrected slowly. Conclusion: Effective management of these patients requires an integrated multidimensional approach. However, further research is needed to fill the gaps in the current evidence base to optimize the nutritional management of patients with cirrhosis and HE. (Hepatology 2013)
Improving the representation of soil moisture by using a semi‐analytical infiltration model
Authors: Brocca L. , Camici S. , Melone F. , Moramarco T. , Martínez‐Fernández J. , Didon‐Lescot J.‐F. , Morbidelli R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSoil moisture is widely recognized as a fundamental variable governing the mass and energy fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere. In this study, the soil moisture modelling at sub‐daily timescale is addressed by using an accurate representation of the infiltration component. For that, the semi‐analytical infiltration model proposed by Corradini et al. (1997) has been incorporated into a soil water balance model to simulate the evolution in time of surface and profile soil moisture. The performances of this new soil moisture model [soil water balance module‐semi‐analytical (SWBM‐SA)] are compared with those of a precedent version [SWBM‐Green–Ampt (GA)] where the GA approach was employed. Their capability to reproduce in situ soil moisture observations at three sites in Italy, Spain and France is analysed. Hourly observations of quality‐checked rainfall, temperature and soil moisture data for a 2‐year period are used for testing the modelling approaches. Specifically, different configurations for the calibration and validation of the models are adopted by varying a single parameter, that is, the saturated hydraulic conductivity.Results indicate that both SWBMs are able to reproduce satisfactorily the hourly soil moisture temporal pattern for the three sites with root mean square errors lower than 0.024 m3/m3 both in the calibration and validation periods. For all sites, the SWBM‐SA model outperforms the SWBM‐GA with an average reduction of the root mean square error of ~20%. Specifically, the higher improvement is observed for the French site for which in situ observations are measured at 30 cm depth, and this is attributed to the capability of the SA infiltration model to simulate the time evolution of the whole soil moisture profile. The reasonable models performance coupled with the need to calibrate only a single parameter makes them useful tools for soil moisture simulation in different regions worldwide, also in scarcely gauged areas. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.