bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequents vs Hypersequents for Åqvist Systems
Authors: Ciabattoni Agata , Tesi Matteo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnhancing cut-free expressiveness through minimal structural additions to sequent calculus is a natural step. We focus on Åqvist’s system $$\textbf{F}$$
F
with cautious monotonicity (CM), a deontic logic extension of $$\textbf{S5}$$

S
5

, for which we define a sequent calculus employing (semi) analytic cuts.The transition to hypersequents is key to develop modular and cut-free calculi for $$\mathbf{F + (CM)}$$

F
+
(
CM
)

and $$\textbf{G}$$
G
, also supporting countermodel construction.
A Cyclic Proof System for Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests
Authors: Rooduijn Jan , Kozen Dexter , Silva Alexandra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGuarded Kleene Algebra with Tests ($$\texttt{GKAT}$$
GKAT
for short) is an efficient fragment of Kleene Algebra with Tests, suitable for reasoning about simple imperative while-programs. Following earlier work by Das and Pous on Kleene Algebra, we study $$\texttt{GKAT}$$
GKAT
from a proof-theoretical perspective. The deterministic nature of $$\texttt{GKAT}$$
GKAT
allows for a non-well-founded sequent system whose set of regular proofs is complete with respect to the guarded language model. This is unlike the situation with Kleene Algebra, where hypersequents are required. Moreover, the decision procedure induced by proof search runs in $$\textsf{NLOGSPACE}$$
NLOGSPACE
, whereas that of Kleene Algebra is in $$\textsf{PSPACE}$$
PSPACE
.
NeRF-FF: a plug-in method to mitigate defocus blur for runtime optimized neural radiance fields
Authors: Wirth Tristan , Rak Arne , von Buelow Max , Knauthe Volker , Kuijper Arjan , Fellner Dieter W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeural radiance fields (NeRFs) have revolutionized novel view synthesis, leading to an unprecedented level of realism in rendered images. However, the reconstruction quality of NeRFs suffers significantly from out-of-focus regions in the input images. We propose NeRF-FF, a plug-in strategy that estimates image masks based on Focus Frustums (FFs), i.e., the visible volume in the scene space that is in-focus. NeRF-FF enables a subsequently trained NeRF model to omit out-of-focus image regions during the training process. Existing methods to mitigate the effects of defocus blurred input images often leverage dynamic ray generation. This makes them incompatible with the static ray assumptions employed by runtime-performance-optimized NeRF variants, such as Instant-NGP, leading to high training times. Our experiments show that NeRF-FF outperforms state-of-the-art approaches regarding training time by two orders of magnitude—reducing it to under 1 min on end-consumer hardware—while maintaining comparable visual quality.
Artistic style decomposition for texture and shape editing
Authors: Reimann Max , Büßemeyer Martin , Buchheim Benito , Semmo Amir , Döllner Jürgen , Trapp Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile methods for generative image synthesis and example-based stylization produce impressive results, their black-box style representation intertwines shape, texture, and color aspects, limiting precise stylistic control and editing of artistic images. We introduce a novel method for decomposing the style of an artistic image that enables interactive geometric shape abstraction and texture control. We spatially decompose the input image into geometric shapes and an overlaying parametric texture representation, facilitating independent manipulation of color and texture. The parameters in this texture representation, comprising the image’s high-frequency details, control painterly attributes in a series of differentiable stylization filters. Shape decomposition is achieved using either segmentation or stroke-based neural rendering techniques. We demonstrate that our shape and texture decoupling enables diverse stylistic edits, including adjustments in shape, stroke, and painterly attributes such as contours and surface relief. Moreover, we demonstrate shape and texture style transfer in the parametric space using both reference images and text prompts and accelerate these by training networks for single- and arbitrary-style parameter prediction.
Mid- and late-life lifestyle activities as main drivers of general and domain-specific cognitive reserve in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the LANDSCAPE study
Authors: Ophey Anja , Wirtz Kathrin , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Balzer-Geldsetzer Monika , Berg Daniela , Hilker-Roggendorf Rüdiger , Kassubek Jan , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Becker Sara , Mollenhauer Britt , Reetz Kathrin , Riedel Oliver , Schulz Jörg B. , Storch Alexander , Trenkwalder Claudia , Witt Karsten , Wittchen Hans-Ullrich , Dodel Richard , Roeske Sandra , Kalbe Elke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Cognitive reserve (CR) is considered a protective factor for cognitive function and may explain interindividual differences of cognitive performance given similar levels of neurodegeneration, e.g., in Alzheimer´s disease. Recent evidence suggests that CR is also relevant in Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Objective
We aimed to explore the role of life-stage specific CR for overall cognition and specific cognitive domains cross-sectionally and longitudinally in PD.

Methods
The cross-sectional analysis with data from the DEMPARK/LANDSCAPE study included 81 individuals without cognitive impairment (PD-N) and 87 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Longitudinal data covered 4 years with over 500 observations. CR was operationalized with the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ), capturing the complexity of lifestyle activities across distinct life-stages. Cognition was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.

Results
Higher LEQ scores, particularly from mid- and late-life, were observed in PD-N compared to PD-MCI [F(1,153) = 4.609, p = .033, ηp2 = 0.029]. They were significantly associated with better cognitive performance (0.200 ≤ β ≤ 0.292). Longitudinally, linear mixed effect models (0.236 ≤ marginal R2 ≤ 0.441) revealed that LEQ scores were positively related to cognitive performance independent of time. However, the decline in overall cognition and memory over time was slightly more pronounced with higher LEQ scores.

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the association between complex lifestyle activities and cognition in PD. Data indicate that while CR might be related to a delay of cognitive decline, individuals with high CR may experience a more pronounced drop in overall cognition and memory. Future studies will have to replicate these findings, particularly regarding domain-specific effects and considering reverse causal mechanisms.
Factors of presenteeism and its association with detrimental effects among employees in Switzerland working in different sectors – a cross-sectional study using a multi-item instrument
Authors: Gerlach Maisa , Blozik Eva , Meichtry André , Hägerbäumer Miriam , Kilcher Gablu , Golz Christoph 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Presenteeism, the phenomenon of employees working despite illness, is a significant issue globally, impacting individual well-being and organizational efficiency. This study examines presenteeism among Swiss employees, exploring its occurrence, primary factors, reasons, and impact on employees’ health.

Methods
This study used cross-sectional data from 1,521 employees in different sectors in Switzerland. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear models for influencing factors and detrimental effects, such as burnout symptoms, job satisfaction, general health, and quality of life, were calculated for data analysis. Presenteeism was measured using the Hägerbäumer multi-item scale, ranging from 1 = “Never in case of illness” – 5 = “Very often in case of illness.”

Results
The employees reported that in case of illness, they rarely worked in the last 12 months M = 2.04 (SD = 1.00). A positive approach to presenteeism in the team was associated with less presenteeism (β = -0.07) and problematic leadership culture in dealing with presenteeism with increased presenteeism (β = 0.10). In addition to well-known factors, presenteeism was significant for burnout symptoms (β = 1.49), general health status (β = -1.5), and quality of life (β = -0.01).

Conclusion
The study offers insights into the phenomenon of presenteeism among Swiss employees in various sectors by applying a multi-item scale for presenteeism. The findings indicate that a positive team dynamic and organizational culture may significantly reduce presenteeism. Presenteeism behavior is a significant factor of adverse outcomes. This highlights the importance of acknowledging presenteeism in the context of occupational health.
Relationship of peak capillary blood lactate accumulation and body composition in determining the mechanical energy equivalent of lactate during sprint cycling
Authors: Meixner Benedikt Johannes , Nusser Valentin , Koehler Karsten , Sablain Mattice , Boone Jan , Sperlich Billy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aim
A 15-s all-out sprint cycle test (i.e., νLamax-test) and the post-exercise change in capillary blood lactate concentration is an emerging diagnostic tool that is used to quantify the maximal glycolytic rate. The goal of this study was to determine the relation between 15 s-work, change in capillary blood lactate concentration (∆La) and body composition in a νLamax-test.

Method
Fifty cyclists performed a 15 s all-out sprint test on a Cyclus2 ergometer twice after a previous familiarization trial. Capillary blood was sampled before and every minute (for 8 min) after the sprint to determine ∆La. Body composition was determined employing InBody720 eight-electrode impedance analysis.

Result
Simple regression models of fat-free mass (FFM) and also the product of FFM and ∆La showed similar ability to predict 15 s-work (R2 = 0.79; 0.82). Multiple regression combining both predictors explains 93% of variance between individuals. No differences between males and females were found regarding 15 s-work relative to the product of fat-free mass and ∆La. Considering pairs of similar FFM, a change 1 mmol/l of ∆La is estimated to be equal to 12 J/kg in 15 s-work (R2 = 0.85).

Discussion
Fifteen s-work is both closely related to FFM and also the product of ∆La and lactate-distribution space approximated by FFM. Differences in 15 s-work between males and females disappear when total lactate production is considered. Considering interindividual differences, the mechanical energy equivalent of blood lactate accumulation seems a robust parameter displaying a clear relationship between ∆La and 15 s-work relative to FFM.
Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Weak Foundations under Coal Pillars
Authors: Watson John , Canbulat Ismet , Wei Chunchen , Gao Min 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn many underground coal mines, a seam is underlain by weak floor material, and the load-carrying capacity of a pillar may be limited not by its own strength but by the bearing capacity of the floor. It has been proposed that bearing capacity may be estimated by formulae such as those of Terzaghi for structural footings on soil, but that approach is generally not valid because, for the slip surfaces assumed in the derivations of the formulae, the rock rises out of the floor beneath adjacent pillars. In the limiting equilibrium analysis proposed here, the distance to the side of a pillar to which a slip surface extends can be constrained according to the roadway or bord width. Examples are shown of the computation of bearing capacities of both homogeneous and multilayer dry and fully saturated floors, and results compared with those of elastoplastic finite element analysis. An approximate comparison with bearing capacities according to Terzaghi's formula for a strip footing is also presented for the hypothetical cases of wider roadways for which the assumed slip surfaces do not extend under adjacent pillars. For the cases considered, there is satisfactory agreement with Terzaghi’s analysis and good agreement with the results of finite element analysis. However, only one finite element analysis was carried out, and it remains to be seen whether such agreement is consistently achieved for ranges of floor strength parameters and horizontal stress.
Accuracy of a novel method for IOP measurement without applying pressure on the cornea
Authors: Biran Amit , Sayar Mordehai , Lazzar Moshe , Mimouni Michael , Beiran Itzchak 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the accuracy of a prototype novel instrument for intra ocular pressure (IOP) measurements not involving corneal pressure application.

Design
Prospective case control study.

Methods
An institutional study including 16 healthy volunteers without ocular pathology. IOP in both eyes of the participants was measured four times in different body positions with the novel prototype and reference instrument (Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) or iCare (iCare Finland OY, Vantaa, Finland)). IOP results were compared between the prototype and the reference instruments in 116 pairs of measurement.

Results
Overall no statistically significant difference was found between the presented prototype and the reference instrument. Stratifying measurements by instrument used revealed no significant difference for GAT and statistical significant (yet clinically insignificant) difference for iCare.

Conclusions
The presented prototype demonstrates good clinical agreement of IOP measuring results with reference instruments Further large-scale studies assessing this instrument in glaucoma patients are warranted.
One Thousand Years of Mediterranean Silver Trade to the Levant: A Review and Synthesis of Analytical Studies
Authors: Eshel Tzilla , Erel Yigal , Yahalom-Mack Naama , Gilboa Ayelet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSilver exchanged by weight for its intrinsic value was the most important measure of value and means of payment in the southern Levant, starting from the Middle Bronze Age II–III through the Iron Age (~1700/1650‒600 BC). Since silver is not available locally in the Levant, its ongoing use as currency in the region triggered long-distance trade initiatives, and its availability or lack thereof had a direct impact on the economy. The continued use is evidenced in 40 silver hoards found in various sites across the region. A comprehensive study of lead isotopes and chemical analyses of samples obtained from 19 hoards enabled us to trace the origin of silver in the millennium during which it was extensively used as currency in the southern Levant and to identify constantly changing silver sources and concomitant trade routes. The results indicate that silver originated initially in Anatolia and Greece (~1700/1650–1600 BC) and shortly after from an unknown location in the Aegean/Carpathian/Anatolian sphere (~1600–1200 BC). After the collapse of Late Bronze Age Mediterranean trade routes, during Iron Age I (~1200–950 BC), there was a period of shortage. Silver trade was revived by the Phoenicians, who brought silver to the Levant from Sardinia and Anatolia (~950–900 BC), and later from Iberia (~900–630 BC). Further change occurred after the Assyrian retreat from the Levant, when silver was shipped from the Aegean (~630–600 BC). Following the devastation caused by the expanding Babylonian empire, silver consumption in the Levant practically ended for a century. Considering the isotopic results, combined with a detailed study of the context, chronology, and chemical composition, we demonstrate that all these factors are essential for the reconstruction of developments in the supply of silver in the southern Levant, and more generally. The changes in trade routes closely follow political and social transformations for over a millennium; exchange in this case was not only, not even mainly preconditioned by the environmental/geographic circumstances, as has often been argued for the Mediterranean. From an analytical point of view, we offer a protocol for the provenance of silver in general.
Global governance and a new social contract for education: Addressing power asymmetries
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Sayed Yusuf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUNESCO’s 2021 Report Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education calls for principled dialogue and laudable commitment to education as a common good. At its heart is the call for a new social contract for education. This article interrogates the governance implications of such a principled social contract in the contemporary global education policy context, marked by power asymmetries between various actors, including state actors, non-state actors, and international agencies. It identifies several governance challenges in realizing this new social contract in the current dominant global discourse and in the international educational cooperation architecture. In light of these analyses, this article argues for an alternative framing of the governance of such a social contract, based on the principles of recognition, redistribution, and representation. The elements of such an approach, while reflected in the report, are not consolidated. This framing is one way through which the called-for new social contact can gain significant policy traction for social justice and the right to quality education for all.
Overview of system study on recovery methods for reusable first stages of future European launchers
Authors: Dietlein Ingrid , Bussler Leonid , Stappert Sven , Wilken Jascha , Sippel Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The design of a reusable launch vehicle implies the need to provide for a means to safely retrieve the component to be re-used. Following economic considerations, reusable launch vehicle concepts tend to be designed such that large parts, like entire stages, are to be recovered. These are usually significant in size and weight and have acquired a considerable amount of energy during their primary mission. This poses the challenge of how to recover them in a way that makes it available for further re-uses. In the past and present, different methods were and are used. Depending on the selected recovery method, the system design is very different necessitating different technologies and competencies to be acquired for a successful design. Two major classes of recovery methods can be distinguished: those recovery methods ending with a vertical landing of the reusable stage and those ending with a horizontal landing. Both have their own benefits and drawbacks. In 2016, The German Aerospace Centre DLR has initiated a large in-house study with the aim of investigating, in a comparative manner on system level, both classes of recovery methods on a system level for two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicles with a reusable first stage and an expendable upper stage to be operated within a European context. Fuel choice and engine cycle were major design parameters that were considered during the study. The present paper presents the framework of this study describing the adopted study logic, providing an overview of the major findings obtained at the end of the first study phase and gives an outlook to the work of the second study phase. It ends with providing a view of a possible demonstrator and technology roadmap toward the realization of an operational two-stage-to-orbit launch system with a reusable first stage.
Stress Testing California's Hydroclimatic Whiplash: Potential Challenges, Trade‐Offs and Adaptations in Water Management and Hydropower Generation
Authors: Facincani Dourado Gustavo , Rheinheimer David E. , Abaztoglou John T. , Viers Joshua H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInter‐annual precipitation in California is highly variable, and future projections indicate an increase in the intensity and frequency of hydroclimatic “whiplash.” Understanding the implications of these shocks on California's water system and its degree of resiliency is critical from a planning perspective. Therefore, we quantify the resilience of reservoir services provided by water and hydropower systems in four basins in the western Sierra Nevada. Using downscaled runoff from 10 climate model outputs, we generated 200 synthetic hydrologic whiplash sequences of alternating dry and wet years to represent a wide range of extremes and transitional conditions used as inputs to a water system simulation model. Sequences were derived from upper (wet) and lower (dry) quintiles of future streamflow projections (2030–2060). Results show that carryover storage was negatively affected in all basins, particularly in those with lower storage capacity. All basins experienced negative impacts on hydropower generation, with losses ranging from 5% to nearly 90%. Reservoir sizes and inflexible operating rules are a particular challenge for flood control, as in extremely wet years spillage averaged nearly the annual basins' total discharge. The reliability of environmental flows and agricultural deliveries varied depending on the basin, intensity, and duration of whiplash sequences. Overall, wet years temporarily rebound negative drought effects, and greater storage capacity results in higher reliability and resiliency, and lesser volatility in services. We highlight potential policy changes to improve flexibility, increase resilience, and better equip managers to face challenges posed by whiplash while meeting human and environmental needs.
A Deep Learning‐Based Data Assimilation Approach to Characterizing Coastal Aquifers Amid Non‐Linearity and Non‐Gaussianity Challenges
Authors: Cao Chenglong , Zhang Jiangjiang , Gan Wei , Nan Tongchao , Lu Chunhui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeawater intrusion (SI) poses a substantial threat to water security in coastal regions, where numerical models play a pivotal role in supporting groundwater management and protection. However, the inherent heterogeneity of coastal aquifers introduces significant uncertainties into SI predictions, potentially diminishing their effectiveness in management decisions. Data assimilation (DA) offers a solution by integrating various types of observational data with the model to characterize heterogeneous coastal aquifers. Traditional DA techniques, like ensemble smoother using the Kalman formula (ESK) and Markov chain Monte Carlo, face challenges when confronted with the non‐linearity, non‐Gaussianity, and high‐dimensionality issues commonly encountered in aquifer characterization. In this study, we introduce a novel DA approach rooted in deep learning (DL), referred to as ESDL, aimed at effectively characterizing coastal aquifers with varying levels of heterogeneity. We systematically investigate a range of factors that impact the performance of ESDL, including the number and types of observations, the degree of aquifer heterogeneity, the structure and training options of the DL models. Our findings reveal that ESDL excels in characterizing heterogeneous aquifers under non‐linear and non‐Gaussian conditions. Comparison between ESDL and ESK under different experimentation settings underscores the robustness of ESDL. Conversely, in certain scenarios, ESK displays noticeable biases in the characterization results, especially when measurement data from non‐linear and discontinuous processes are used. To optimize the efficacy of ESDL, attention must be given to the design of the DL model and the selection of observational data, which are crucial to ensure the universal applicability of this DA method.