bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo imaging of islet transplantation using PLGA nanoparticles containing iron oxide and indocyanine green
Authors: Hwang Jung Hwan , Noh Young‐Woock , Choi Jung‐Hyun , Noh Jung‐Ran , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Gang Gil‐Tae , Kim Kyoung‐Shim , Park Hye Sun , Lim Yong Taik , Moon Hyeyoung , Hong Kwan Soo , Lee Hee Gu , Chung Bong Hyun , Lee Chul‐Ho 
Published: May 2013

PurposeWe determined whether poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles would be a useful reagent for the successful monitoring of isolated islets by magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging systems, without clinically relevant toxicity in vitro or in vivo.MethodsWe used iron oxide for MR imaging and a cyanide dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration (indocyanine green) for optical imaging and estimated the in vivo detection of transplanted pancreatic islets.ResultsThe poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles were associated with the islets in vitro and were successfully detected by 4.7 T (MR) and optical imaging, without other toxic effects. When labeled islets were transplanted under the mouse kidney capsule, in vivo T2/
‐weighted scans with 4.7 T MR detected as few as 300 labeled islets by 4 weeks. Optical in vivo imaging revealed indocyanine green fluorescence by 2 and 4 days after transplantation of islets containing 250 and 500 µg/mL poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles, respectively. These results were further supported by the immunohistochemical results for insulin and iron in the recipient mouse kidney and pancreas.ConclusionsTaken together, these data indicate that poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles may be used to label transplanted islets and may be imaged with in vivo MR and optical imaging systems. Magn Reson Med 71:1054–1063, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“The Roman Giant”: Overgrowth Syndrome in Skeletal Remains from the Imperial Age
Authors: Minozzi S. , Pantano W. , Catalano P. , di Gennaro F. , Fornaciari G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA very tall skeleton was found during archaeological excavations in the territory of Fidenae, an administrative centre of the Roman territorial organization, situated along the Via Salaria about 7 km north of Rome (Italy). The individual was a young male, dated back to the Imperial Age (3rd century AD), presenting a very tall but normally proportioned stature, estimated around 202 cm. The long bones showed incomplete epiphyseal union; therefore, the stature would probably have been taller, if he had lived longer. In this work, the metric data are compared with those from the Roman Imperial Age population, and differential diagnosis is discussed.The skeletal evidence is characteristic of a form of gigantism, a rare growth disease that may be linked to different syndromes. The most common etiology is associated with a dysfunction of the pituitary gland, which causes overproduction of the growth hormone (hGH) during childhood. This endocrine disorder stimulates cartilaginous activity at the growth plate, delaying epiphyseal fusion and resulting in increased bone length. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fetal frontomaxillary facial angle in normal and trisomy 21 ultrasounds at 11–13+6 weeks of gestation: findings among the ethnic Chinese compared with Caucasian
Authors: Hsiao Ching Hua , Liu Wen Liang , Chen Ran Chou , Cheng Bo Jen , Tseng Yin Jiun , Chu Woei Chyn 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this research was to compare the fetal frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle between normal and trisomy 21 fetuses at 11+0–13+6 weeks gestation in a Chinese population.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed that included 640 euploid and 45 trisomy 21 singleton pregnancies undergoing first trimester ultrasound screening between 11 and 13+6 weeks of gestation. The FMF angle was measured in the midsagittal plane using the standard technique.ResultsThe fetal mean FMF angle decreased with the increasing crown‐rump length (CRL) from 88.6°at a CRL of 45 mm to 78.5° at a CRL of 84 mm (FMF angle = 100.212 − 0.258 × CRL, R2 = 0.222, p < 0.001). The overall mean FMF angle in the euploid population was 82.9° ± 4.1° and in trisomy 21 cases, 92.3° ± 5.2°.ConclusionsFetal FMF angle is affected by gestational age in a Chinese population, although it remains a significant predictor of fetal trisomy 21. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the effect of erythropoietin on mortality using USRDS data
Authors: Yang Wei , Joffe Marshall M. , Feldman Harold I. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeErythropoietin (EPO) improves measures of quality of life and reduces transfusions. Clinical trials have reported higher mortality associated with higher hemoglobin targets in varied clinical settings, making difficult the selection of erythropoiesis stimulation strategies in end‐stage kidney disease. Observational studies distinguishing an effect of EPO from underlying conditions are challenging, but promise insights relevant to real‐world settings.MethodsUsing data from the United States Renal Data System, we performed a retrospective cohort study of hemodialysis patients treated between 2000 and 2004. 409 364 Medicare insured patients receiving hemodialysis therapy as of January 2000 or who began dialysis after January 2000 and survived >6 months were studied. We examined the association of EPO dose in any given month with death over subsequent follow‐up.ResultsWithin each hematocrit group (<30%, 30%–< 33%, 33%–< 36%, 36%–< 39% and >39%), the hazard ratios comparing the 80thpercentile to the median EPO dose were 0.88 (95% CI: [0.87–0.90]), 0.94 ([0.93–0.94]), 0.98 ([0.98–0.99]), 1.06 ([1.05–1.06]) and 1.08 ([1.07–1.09]), respectively. Within the highest hematocrit group, the association of a high EPO dose with elevated mortality was attenuated over time. Among patients with malignancy or indications of EPO resistance, the association of higher EPO dose with lower mortality was attenuated when hematocrit was low, while its association with higher mortality was stronger when hematocrit was high.ConclusionsThese analyses demonstrate a complex relationship between EPO dosing and mortality, suggesting a possible beneficial effect among severely anemic hemodialysis patients, but possible harm when administered to individuals with higher hematocrit levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organische Spinventile
Authors: Steil Sabine , Mathias Stefan , Cinchetti Mirko , Aeschlimann Martin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn den Kontaktflächen von magnetischen Schichten und organischen Materialien kann es zu ausgeprägten Spinfiltereffekten im Elektronentransport kommen. Eine solche Grenzschicht wird als Spinterface bezeichnet. Sie erlaubt eine Optimierung spintronischer Bauelemente und kann deshalb von großer Bedeutung für die zukünftige Informations‐ und Kommunikationstechnologie werden. Unsere Arbeitsgruppe an der TU Kaiserslautern entschlüsselte nun in Zusammenarbeit mit einem Kollegen der Universität in Tucson, Arizona, die molekularen Vorgänge an einer solchen Spinterface.
Hundert Ideen täglich
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWenn man einem seiner engsten Freunde und Biographen glaubt, dann bestand sein Physikstudium im Wesentlichen aus Basteln und “den üblichen Tätigkeiten von Physikstudenten” – Wandern auf dem Land, verbotenes Klettern auf Türme und Experimente mit Explosivstoffen.
Comparison of Berthelot and Arrhenius Approaches for Prediction of Liquid Propellant Shelf Life
Authors: Gorji Mahmoud , Mohammadi Kaveh 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe shelf life of amine based liquid propellant was predicted using Berthelot and Arrhenius approaches and the results were compared. Reduction of the triethylamine concentration to less than 48 wt‐% was taken as the end of shelf life. The γ10 parameter and the activation energy of the Berthelot and Arrhenius approaches were determined to be 1.99 and 64.07 kJ mol−1, respectively. According to the experimental data, the fuel shelf life at 293, 303, and 313 K, was predicted to be 5.7, 2.4, and 1.06 years using Arrhenius; and 3.93, 2, and 1 years using Berthelot approach, respectively. Results showed that the results that Berthelot approach gives lower values for fuel shelf life at ambient temperatures but it gives higher values at higher temperatures. Considering the safety aspect, the lower values are recommended as shelf life of the fuel.
The scanning force microscope in bacterial cell investigations
Authors: Müller Christine , Ziegler Christiane 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe application of scanning force microscopy (SFM) in biology has increased during the last years because it allows measurements without pretreatment and under physiological conditions. In addition to pure imaging it is possible to use the SFM as a force sensor to detect forces as small as piconewtons. Such forces are relevant to interactions between bacterial cells and surfaces or biofilms on surfaces. Furthermore, the so‐called mapping modes were recently developed as combinations of imaging and force spectroscopy modes. Especially in the field of biofilm formation the SFM allows to map biofilms, bacterial cells as well as cell properties by specifically applying functionalized or unfunctionalized tips. In this paper we provide a short survey of the opportunities of the SFM as a nano(mechanical) tool in the field of bacterial cell biology and want to provide practical advice for SFM on bacteria for beginners.The application of the scanning force microscope on bacterial cells. Mapping is a combination of the imaging and force spectroscopy application and can be performed with a functionalized or unfunctionalized cantilever. The single cell force spectroscopy can be performed either on adsorbed cells or on a naked surface. The image is not to scale.
Electronic monitoring of chemical DNA denaturation on nanocrystalline diamond electrodes with different molarities and flow rates
Authors: Murib M. S. , van Grinsven B. , Grieten L. , Janssens S. D. , Vermeeren V. , Eersels K. , Broeders J. , Ameloot M. , Michiels L. , Ceuninck W. De , Haenen K. , Schöning M. J. , Wagner P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractProbe DNA, consisting of a 36‐mer fragment was covalently immobilized on nanocrystalline chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond electrodes and hybridized with a 29‐mer target DNA. In this paper, we report on the label‐free real‐time electronic monitoring of DNA denaturation upon exposure to NaOH at different flow rates and molarities, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as readout technology. The impedance response was separated into a denaturation time constant and a medium exchange time constant by means of a double exponential fit. It was observed that the denaturation time is dependent on the flow rate as well as on the molarity of the NaOH. Surprisingly, it was observed that at low molarities (0.05 M) the DNA does not fully denature at low flow rates. Only after flushing the flow cell a second time with 0.05 M NaOH, complete denaturation was achieved. Confocal images were obtained and plotted in 3D graphs to confirm the results. This paper provides a systematic overview of measured denaturation times for different flow rates and at different molarities of NaOH. Optimization of these parameters can be a valuable asset in the field of mutation analysis.
Production of nanopowders of oxides by means of fiber and pulse‐periodical CO2 lasers
Authors: Osipov V. V. , Platonov V. V. , Lisenkov V. V. , Podkin A. V. , Zakharova E. E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe results of investigation of YSZ, Nd:Y2O3, Al2O3 nanopowder production by laser evaporation of oxide targets in a gas current are reported in present paper. For this purpose we used the pulse‐periodical CO2 laser and the continuous fiber ytterbium laser with 550 W and 600 W radiation mean power accordingly. The powders obtained by these lasers, consisted of weakly agglomerated spherical nanopartices (≥ 99 wt%), and ≤ 1 wt% of micron sized particles (drops and target fragments). Nanoparticles from various oxides produced by CO2 laser in atmospheric pressure air had close average sizes (10÷16 nm). The productivity of nanopowder synthesis by CO2 laser from YSZ 1%Nd:Y2O3, 1%Nd:Y2O3, Al2O3, and CeGdO was 23 g/hour, 29 g/hour, 24 g/hour and 80 g/hour, respectively. Unlike CO2 laser the deep melting mode is realized during evaporation of 1%Nd:Y2O3 and Al2O3 targets by fiber laser. The crater depth increases up to 300–1000 μm in this mode. As a result, the target surface became very irregular and productivity of nanopowder synthesis was less, than in the case of CO2 laser. To reduce the effect of deep melting the evaporation of a target has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. As a result of our investigations we have obtained 1%Nd:Y2O3 nanopowder with specific surface of 70 m2/g and productivity of 23 g/hour at air pressure 70 kPa. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High doping Nd:YAG transparent ceramics fabricated by solid‐state reactive sintering
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Qiang , Li Jiang , Ba Xuewei , Liu Wenbin , Kou Huamin , Jiang Benxue , Pan Yubai , Cheng Xiaonong , Guo Jingkun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNd:YAG transparent ceramics with different doping concentrations were fabricated by a solid‐state reaction method and vacuum sintering. Powder mixture of α‐Al2O3, Y2O3, and Nd2O3 doped with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and MgO were sintered between 1500 oC and 1750 oC to examine the densification behavior in Nd:YAG ceramics. For the high doping 5 at%Nd:YAG transparent ceramics, the sintering kinetics and microstructure evolution were mainly discussed. It is found that the optimal sintering temperature for 5.0 at%Nd:YAG ceramics was at ∼1700 oC, and the in‐line transmittance increased with the increase of holding time. The best specimen with the holding time of 30h achieved 82.2% in transmittance at 1064nm, whose average grain size was ∼15μm. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient 2.1‐μm lasers based on Tm3+:Lu2O3 ceramics pumped by 800–nm laser diodes
Authors: Antipov O. L. , Novikov A. A. , Zakharov N. G. , Zinoviev A. P. , Yagi H. , Sakharov N. V. , Kruglova M. V. , Marychev M. O. , Gorshkov O. N. , Lagatskii A. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStructural, optical and spectroscopic properties of Tm3+:Lu2O3 ceramics were studied. CW laser operation at 2068 nm with an output power of up to 34 W and a slope efficiency of 44% was obtained. Q‐switched ocsilation with a pulse duration of 100‐150 ns and a repetition rate of 1‐10 kHz was achieved. Passive mode locking was achieved using an ion‐implanted InGaAsSb quantum‐well based SESAM or single graphene layer. Transform‐limited pulses as short as 180 fs are generated at 2076 nm with an average output power of 400 mW and a pulse repetition frequency of 121.2 MHz. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The convective adjustment time‐scale as indicator of predictability of convective precipitation
Authors: Keil Christian , Heinlein Florian , Craig George C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPredictability of convective precipitation depends on the interaction between synoptic forcing and local‐scale flow characteristics. In order to assess different predictability levels it is desirable to objectively determine the dominant process in a given meteorological situation. Such a measure is given by the convective adjustment time‐scale τ, a physically based quantity that distinguishes between strong and weak synoptically forced precipitation regimes. By employing the convective adjustment time‐scale diagnostic, forecasts of the convection‐permitting COSMO‐DE ensemble prediction system available for a total of 88 days in summer 2009 are examined. Based on the normalized ensemble spread of hourly precipitation rates, it is shown that the practical predictability of total precipitation is higher during strong large‐scale forcing than during weak forcing. Likewise, the forecast skill, determined using two deterministic scores, is higher during strong than during weak forcing conditions. Different predictability levels of convective precipitation can be revealed by examining distinct sub‐ensembles depending on their source of uncertainty. The impact of variations in the boundary conditions of the driving global models used in the ensemble system is quite insensitive to the prevailing flow regime, while the impact of physics perturbations representing the model error is clearly weather regime dependent, exhibiting a strong contribution only during weakly forced conditions. Then convective precipitation turns out to be especially sensitive to variations in the physics parametrization even at forecast lead times of 12 to 18 hours during the main convective period in the afternoon. Two case‐studies exemplifying the strong and weak forcing regimes are shown, to illustrate how forecast skill varies and the different ensemble members cluster as the precipitation event evolves.
Comparison of robotic adrenalectomy with traditional laparoscopic adrenalectomy with a lateral transperitoneal approach: a single‐surgeon experience
Authors: You Ji Young , Lee Hye Yoon , Son Gil Soo , Lee Jae Bok , Bae Jeoung Won , Kim Hoon Yub 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough several recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of robotic adrenalectomy, it is unknown whether this procedure has advantages over the traditional laparoscopic approach. This study compared our initial experience using the da Vinci‐S® robotic surgical system during laparoscopic adrenalectomy with our experience with traditional laparoscopic adrenalectomy.MethodsFrom October 2009 to May 2012, 23 consecutive patients (13 women, 10 men) underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy by the same surgeon at Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center. Fifteen patients (9 women, 6 men) underwent robot‐assisted adrenalectomy (right‐sided, 4 patients; left‐sided, 11 patients). Eight patients (4 women, 4 men) underwent traditional laparoscopic adrenalectomy (right‐sided, 5 patients; left‐sided, 3 patients). The lateral transperitoneal approach was used for all patients.ResultsThere were no cases of conversion to traditional laparoscopic or open surgery. The mean operative time was longer in the robotic group (208.2 minutes, range 120–320) than the laparoscopic group (181.13 minutes, range 75–270). There were no cases of intraoperative complications or mortality. The mean hospital stay did not differ significantly between groups (robotic group, 5.86 days (SD 1.16); laparoscopic group, 6.71 days (SD 1.38)).ConclusionsWith its magnified stereoscopic three‐dimensional vision, elimination of tremor, and ability to articulate and rotate surgical instruments, the da Vinci‐S® robotic system may be an ideal surgical tool for the operation of adrenal lesions. Robotic adrenalectomy appears to be a safe and effective alternative to traditional laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐site robotic cholecystectomy: efficiency and cost analysis
Authors: Buzad Francis A. , Corne Louis M. , Brown Thomas C. , Fagin Randy S. , Hebert April E. , Kaczmarek Charles A. , Pack Angie N. , Payne Thomas N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐incision surgery has gained in popularity, and the recent development of specialized robotic and laparoscopic instruments may remove some of the ergonomic and technical difficulties associated with this approach. However, questions of cost and efficiency remain.MethodsWe prospectively collected perioperative outcome and efficiency (operative time, case volume) data for our single‐site robotic cholecystectomy cases and retrospectively reviewed data for our single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases.ResultsThere were no differences in patient characteristics or perioperative outcomes between the robotic (n = 20) and laparoscopic (n = 10) groups; operative times were equivalent (84.6 vs 85.5 min; p = 0.8737) and blood loss and complications were minimal. There was a higher robotic case volume, with an average of two robotic cases (range 1–4)/day vs one/day for laparoscopic cases (range 1–1; p = 0.0306). Streamlined instrument costs were essentially equivalent.ConclusionsRobotic single‐site cholecystectomy is a safe, cost‐effective alternative to single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a robot‐existing model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Performance Vertical Organic Transistors
Authors: Kleemann Hans , Günther Alrun A. , Leo Karl , Lüssem Björn 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVertical organic thin‐film transistors (VOTFTs) are promising devices to overcome the transconductance and cut‐off frequency restrictions of horizontal organic thin‐film transistors. The basic physical mechanisms of VOTFT operation, however, are not well understood and VOTFTs often require complex patterning techniques using self‐assembly processes which impedes a future large‐area production. In this contribution, high‐performance vertical organic transistors comprising pentacene for p‐type operation and C60 for n‐type operation are presented. The static current–voltage behavior as well as the fundamental scaling laws of such transistors are studied, disclosing a remarkable transistor operation with a behavior limited by injection of charge carriers. The transistors are manufactured by photolithography, in contrast to other VOTFT concepts using self‐assembled source electrodes. Fluorinated photoresist and solvent compounds allow for photolithographical patterning directly and strongly onto the organic materials, simplifying the fabrication protocol and making VOTFTs a prospective candidate for future high‐performance applications of organic transistors.
Learning to Understand Others Through Relationally Oriented Reading
Authors: Lysaker Judith , Tonge Clare 
Published: May 2013

AbstractChildren with reading difficulties often face social and emotional challenges as well. These struggles may be particularly taxing for these children as classrooms increase in diversity and they encounter fewer people like themselves. In response to these issues, we developed an approach to teaching reading called Relationally Oriented Reading Instruction (RORI) which attempts to build relational capacities through a systematic approach to reading picture books. In this article we present the background and rationale for this approach, describe its implementation, as well as what we learned from that implementation.
Engaging Children in Close Reading: Multimodal Commentaries and Illustration Remix
Authors: Dalton Bridget 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUnderstanding relies on the reader's ability to ‘read between the lines’ and connect textual evidence with their own experience, knowledge and beliefs. The Common Core State Standards highlight the importance of using text−based evidence to develop arguments and support interpretations, including analysis and appreciation of author's craft. In this article, Dalton suggests a multimodal strategy for engaging students’ in close reading. Using an original text as the base, students compose a multimodal hypertext version with hyperlinks from selected pieces of text to their multimodal commentary. Illustrations are remixed with the addition of speech and thought balloons. An example hypertext is presented, along with suggestions for teaching.