bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated diffusion‐weighted image analysis along the perivascular space index reveals glymphatic dysfunction in association with brain parenchymal lesions
Authors: Li Wen‐Xin , Liu Zi‐Yue , Zhai Fei‐Fei , Han Fei , Li Ming‐Li , Zhou Li‐Xin , Ni Jun , Yao Ming , Zhang Shu‐Yang , Cui Li‐Ying , Jin Zheng‐Yu , Zhu Yi‐Cheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBrain glymphatic dysfunction is critical in neurodegenerative processes. While animal studies have provided substantial insights, understandings in humans remains limited. Recent attention has focused on the non‐invasive evaluation of brain glymphatic function. However, its association with brain parenchymal lesions in large‐scale population remains under‐investigated. In this cross‐sectional analysis of 1030 participants (57.14 ± 9.34 years, 37.18% males) from the Shunyi cohort, we developed an automated pipeline to calculate diffusion‐weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS), with a lower ALPS value indicating worse glymphatic function. The automated ALPS showed high consistency with the manual calculation of this index (ICC = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.662–0.898). We found that those with older age and male sex had lower automated ALPS values (β = −0.051, SE = 0.004, p < .001, per 10 years, and β = −0.036, SE = 0.008, p < .001, respectively). White matter hyperintensity (β = −2.458, SE = 0.175, p < .001) and presence of lacunes (OR = 0.004, 95% CI < 0.002–0.016, p < .001) were significantly correlated with decreased ALPS. The brain parenchymal and hippocampal fractions were significantly associated with decreased ALPS (β = 0.067, SE = 0.007, p < .001 and β = 0.040, SE = 0.014, p = .006, respectively) independent of white matter hyperintensity. Our research implies that the automated ALPS index is potentially a valuable imaging marker for the glymphatic system, deepening our understanding of glymphatic dysfunction.
A mobile‐based self‐care application for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A protocol for design, implementation, and evaluation
Authors: Haghparast Atefeh , Okhovvat Morteza , Khoddam Homeira , Khandashpour Mahmoud , Kolagari Shohreh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsEducation and providing self‐care skills are essential for patients with chronic respiratory disease. Today, the use of information and communication technologies has provided many opportunities for facilitating self‐care in chronic patients. In this regard, the attention of researchers has been shifted toward the design and use of mobile phone‐based technologies for self‐care purposes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, a protocol is proposed for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a mobile‐based self‐care application for patients with COPD.MethodsThe design science approach will be used in the design, implementation, and evaluation of the self‐care application. This solution‐oriented paradigm goes beyond the level of description and explanation and takes steps toward problem‐solving. One of the most common models of design science is the waterfall model of information technology development. The seven consecutive stages of the waterfall model include preliminary analysis, system analysis, design, programming, testing, implementation, and maintenance/modification.ConclusionThe present protocol is the first to design, implement, and evaluate a mobile‐based self‐care application for patients with COPD in Iran. The integration of new technologies for the self‐care education of COPD patients is considered an innovative strategy. This application is designed based on the self‐care needs of COPD patients, which will ultimately promote the self‐care activities of patients.
Self‐Gated Radial Free‐Breathing Liver MR Elastography: Assessment of Technical Performance in Children at 3 T
Authors: Kafali Sevgi Gokce , Bolster Bradley D. , Shih Shu‐Fu , Delgado Timoteo I. , Deshpande Vibhas , Zhong Xiaodong , Adamos Timothy R. , Ghahremani Shahnaz , Calkins Kara L. , Wu Holden H. 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundConventional liver magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) requires breath‐holding (BH) to avoid motion artifacts, which is challenging for children. While radial free‐breathing (FB)‐MRE is an alternative for quantifying liver stiffness (LS), previous methods had limitations of long scan times, acquiring two slices in 5 minutes, and not resolving motion during reconstruction.PurposeTo reduce FB‐MRE scan time to 4 minutes for four slices and to investigate the impact of self‐gated (SG) motion compensation on FB‐MRE LS quantification in terms of agreement, intrasession repeatability, and technical quality compared to conventional BH‐MRE.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐six children without fibrosis (median age: 12.9 years, 15 females).Field Strength/Sequence3 T; Cartesian gradient‐echo (GRE) BH‐MRE, research application radial GRE FB‐MRE.AssessmentParticipants were scanned twice to measure repeatability, without moving the table or changing the participants' position. LS was measured in areas of the liver with numerical confidence ≥90%. Technical quality was examined using measurable liver area (%).Statistical TestsAgreement of LS between BH‐MRE and FB‐MRE was evaluated using Bland–Altman analysis for SG acceptance rates of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. LS repeatability was assessed using within‐subject coefficient of variation (wCV). The differences in LS and measurable liver area were examined using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsFB‐MRE with 60% SG achieved the closest agreement with BH‐MRE (mean difference 0.00 kPa). The LS ranged from 1.70 to 1.83 kPa with no significant differences between BH‐MRE and FB‐MRE with varying SG rates (P = 0.52). All tested methods produced repeatable LS with wCV from 4.4% to 6.5%. The median measurable liver area was smaller for FB‐MRE (32%–45%) than that for BH‐MRE (91%–93%) (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionFB‐MRE with 60% SG can quantify LS with close agreement and comparable repeatability with respect to BH‐MRE in children.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Minimal Detectable Change of Cough and Lingual Strength Outcomes in Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Borders James C. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveMinimal detectable change (MDC) represents the smallest amount of change required for an outcome to be considered real and not merely due to measurement error or task variability. This study aimed to examine MDC for cough and lingual strength outcomes among individuals with neurodegenerative disease.MethodsIn a single session, individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and cerebellar ataxia completed repeated measurements of voluntary sequential cough via spirometry (n = 143) and lingual isometric and swallowing pressure with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (n = 231). The MDC at the 95% confidence level was calculated with the following formula: MDC = 1.96 × √2 × SEM.ResultsMDC for cough strength was 0.52 L/s (PD), 0.57 L/s (PSP), and 0.20 L/s (ataxia). On trials with the same number of coughs, MDC for cough strength was 0.18 L/s in PD and 0.24 L/s in ataxia. MDC for lingual isometric pressure was 5.44 kPa (PD), 2.35 kPa (PSP), and 3.41 kPa (ataxia), whereas swallowing pressure was 5.60 kPa (PD), 2.97 kPa (PSP), and 7.34 kPa (ataxia).ConclusionsThese findings elucidate MDC for cough and lingual strength outcomes and expand our understanding of change that can be considered “real” and not merely due to task variability. MDC facilitates valid interpretations of changes following treatment, as well as power analyses to determine the smallest effect size of interest before data collection. To illustrate the application of MDC, we situate these findings in the context of hypothetical case studies and research studies.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:5034–5040, 2024
Hydrogel Based UV Photodetector Based on Polarization of Free Water Molecules
Authors: Liu Chang , Bo Yujiao , Ge Qi , Novoselov Kostya S. , Lin Shisheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConductive hydrogels retain the intrinsic softness and elasticity that are hallmark features of traditional hydrogels, and they also assimilate the electrical properties of the embedded conductive materials. Conventional epitaxial growth techniques for heterojunctions require precise lattice matching between adjacent materials, significantly limiting technological advancements in photodetector innovation. The integration of conductive hydrogels with semiconductors to fabricate photodetectors presents a feasible solution that bypasses the traditional lattice matching constraints inherent in the epitaxial growth of heterojunction semiconductor photodetectors. Herein, device integration is enhanced by developing a transparent conductive hydrogel, positioned between graphene and gallium nitride, which effectively mitigates the fluidity issues of the polar liquid complicating device encapsulation. A comprehensive analysis of the photodetection characteristics of the graphene/conductive hydrogel/gallium nitride heterostructure is conducted, thereby establishing its structural framework. Flexible transparent devices are further prepared based on PEDOT/Alg (Ca2+) and demonstrate their potential application in 360° omnidirectional photodetection. This work introduces a novel approach for the enhanced integration of hydrogel‐based spectrally selective and flexible transparent photodetectors.
They forgot me! The exclusionary effects among complaining consumers when others receive a response
Authors: Ben Zhiying , Shukla Paurav 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComplaint management is often considered a significant cost center, and it may be difficult for companies to treat all complainers equally in physical settings where complainers can observe each other's treatment. How do complainers feel when other complainers receive a response from the company, but they do not? We introduce and conceptualize a complainer exclusion construct that incorporates the complainer's observation of theirs and other complainers' treatment. Drawing on the theory of ostracism, three studies employing varying industry and complaint settings, reveal that perceptions of exclusion underpin complainers' re‐complaining intentions (Study 1). Moreover, this effect is intensified when earlier complainers witness the later complainers receive a response, suggesting temporal order of complaints as an important boundary condition (Study 2). Contrarily, shifting complainers' primary focus away from the unpleasant experience through a distraction weakens the re‐complaining intentions among complainers feeling exclusion (Study 3). This research has significant implications for managing complaint management systems, avoiding perceived exclusion among complainers, and effectively reducing the likelihood of worse outcomes for all stakeholders.
Lignin‐Based Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Biocomposites with Excellent Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sun Benhui , Liu Yuhan , Li Jingwei , Liu Chengzhe , Liu Zechi , Zhao Xiaojie , Liu Baijun , Hu Wei , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbon fiber (CF)‐reinforced epoxy resin (EP) composites are lightweight materials with excellent comprehensive performance. However, the flammability of EP and the poor interfacial bonding between CF and EP are two key disadvantages that limit their further applications. Here, a kind of water‐soluble lignin‐based CF sizing agent (ELBEDK) is prepared through hydrophilic modification of enzymatic lignin, which can significantly enhance the interfacial interaction between CF and EP. Additionally, a highly efficient intumescent flame retardant (LMA) is prepared. The EP, enzymatic lignin, LMA and CF sized ELBEDK are compounded to obtain the fire‐safety CF reinforced composites (SCF/FEP/L). The flame retardancy of SCF/FEP/L with 7% LMA (SCF/FEP7) reached V‐0 rating. Moreover, SCF/FEP/L with 7% LMA and 15% lignin (SCF/FEP7/L15) present an limiting oxygen index (LOI)of 30.2% and V‐0 of UL‐94. Specifically, the total smoke production and the heat release rate are 47.8% and 46.81% lower than that of SCF/EP, respectively, indicating the improved smoke suppression and flame retardancy. The IFSS and flexural strength of SCF/FEP7/L15 are improved to be 59.4 MPa and 511.1 MPa, respectively. This study presents a simple approach to fabricate low‐cost high performance lignin‐based flame retardant CF/EP biocomposites with wide application potential.
Enhancing the photostability and mechanical properties of poly‐lactic acid (PLA) composites with glutaric acid functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2)
Authors: Peña‐Juarez M. G. , Balderas B. A. Velázquez , Almendarez‐Camarillo A. , Gutierrez‐Castañeda E. J. , López‐Zamora L. , Gonzalez‐Calderon J. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe performance of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites reinforced with functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in rutile and anatase crystalline phases were systematically investigated. The results underline that the incorporation of TiO2, regardless of its crystalline structure, significantly enhances PLA's crystallinity by 85%. Notably, rutile TiO2, when functionalized with higher glutaric acid concentrations, was an effective crystallinity booster by 95%, passing from 20.39% to 39.58% crystallinity for the PLA/TiO2 R20 + 10% system. Furthermore, this research elucidates that the selection between anatase and rutile phases plays a vital role in the photostabilization. Functionalized Rutile TiO2 exhibited exceptional UV resistance, effectively inhibiting photodegradation; for example, after 15 days of exposure, the functionalized systems exhibited a 497.6% improvement for PLA/TiO2 R10 + 5% (22.1 ± 2.5 MPa), while the PLA/TiO2 R10 + 5% showed an 85.1% increase in composite stiffness (35.5 ± 3.5 MPa) after 7 days of degradation, in comparison with pristine PLA (19.2 ± 2.9 MPa). Anatase, conversely, displayed varying effects depending on concentration, acting as a stabilizer at lower levels and a promoter of degradation at higher concentrations. This knowledge enables the precise modifying of PLA composites for specific applications, balancing crystallinity, mechanical properties, and UV resistance for a diverse array of applications.Highlights
TiO2 enhances photostability in PLA confirming its potential as a UV stabilizer.
Comparing anatase and rutile phase: Unveiling PLA composite dynamics.
Glutaric acid on TiO2 enhances PLA composite strength significantly.
Optimal acid concentration key to composite performance.
Tailored PLA composites balance crystallinity, mechanics, and UV resistance.
Examining school crisis plan components using the comprehensive crisis plan checklist—Second edition
Authors: Aspiranti Kathleen B. , McCleary Daniel F. , Ebner Sara , Blake Jessica , Biggs Lauren E. , Rios Reggie N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCreating a plan for crisis prevention, intervention, and postvention procedures allows schools to prepare for the traumatic consequences when a crisis inevitably occurs. The comprehensive crisis plan checklist—second edition (CCPC‐2; McCleary & Aspiranti, 2020) is a 102‐item tool created for evaluating individual school and district crisis plans. The current study examined existing crisis plans from school districts across the United States to determine the amount and type of CCPC‐2 items that are present within school crisis plans. The number of CCPC‐2 items represented on the 73 plans evaluated ranged from 0 to 67 with a mean of 22.29 items. The average number of plans that included a single item on the CCPC‐2 was 16. There were no significant differences in the number of CCPC‐2 items represented across different geographic locations, urbanicity (urban, suburban, rural), or district/school‐level plan type. Discussion focuses on how crisis teams within the schools can use the CCPC‐2 when creating, reviewing, or revising their district‐ or school‐level crisis plan.
Economic analysis of crop protection strategies: comparing the value of increased fungicide inputs and crop genetic improvement in managing Ascochyta blight in Australian chickpeas
Authors: Olita Toto , Cao Zhanglong , Gibberd Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGenetic improvement of crop varieties requires significant investment. Therefore, varieties must be developed to suit a broad range of breeding targets, such as yield and suitability to rainfall zones, farm management practices and quality traits. In the case of breeding for disease resistance, breeders need to consider the value of genetic improvement relative to other disease management strategies and the dynamics of pathogen genetic and phenotypic diversity. This study uses a benefit–cost analysis framework to assess the economic value of fungicide management and crop genetic improvement in disease resistance for Australian chickpea varieties.RESULTSWhen assessing the likelihood of growers switching to new crop varieties with improved genetic resistance to disease, the simulation results reveal that adopting these varieties yielded higher net benefit values compared to implementing current fungicide strategies across all rainfall zones. On average, the increase in net benefit varied between 2.6% and 3.5%. Conversely, when we examined the scenario involving modifying the current fungicide strategy, we observed that, on average, switching from the current fungicide management strategy to one which involved additional fungicides was beneficial in about 73% of the cases.CONCLUSIONOur analysis reveals the importance of factors such as commodity prices, production costs, disease‐related variables and risk aversion in determining the economic benefits of adopting new crop protection strategies. Furthermore, the research reveals the need for accessible information and reliable data sources when evaluating the benefits of new agricultural technologies. This would assist growers in making informed and sustainable disease management decisions. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Grey‐zone simulations of shallow‐to‐deep convection transition using dynamic subgrid‐scale turbulence models
Authors: Efstathiou Georgios A. , Plant Robert S. , Chow Fotini Katopodes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe examine the ability of two dynamic turbulence closure models to simulate the diurnal development of convection and the transition from dry to shallow cumuli and then to deep convection. The dynamic models are compared with the conventional Smagorinsky scheme at a range of cloud‐resolving and grey‐zone resolutions. The dynamic schemes include the Lagrangian‐averaged, scale‐dependent dynamic Smagorinsky model and a Lagrangian‐averaged, dynamic mixed model. The conventional Smagorinsky model fails to reproduce the shallow convection stage beyond the large‐eddy simulation regime, continuously building up the convective available potential energy that eventually leads to an unrealistic deep convection phase. The dynamic Smagorinsky model significantly improves the representation of shallow and deep convection; however, it exhibits issues similar to the conventional scheme at coarser resolutions. In contrast, the dynamic mixed model closely follows the large‐eddy simulation results across the range of sub‐kilometre simulations. This is achieved by the combined effect of an adaptive length scale and the inclusion of the Leonard terms, which can produce counter‐gradient fluxes through the backscatter of energy from the subgrid to the resolved scales and enable appropriate non‐local contributions. A further sensitivity test on the inclusion of the Leonard terms on all hydrometeor fluxes reveals the strong interaction between turbulent transport and microphysics and the possible need for further optimisation of the dynamic mixed model coefficients together with the microphysical representation.
Lattice Distortion Induced Ta‐doped BaTiO3 for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Guo Zishuang , Wang Zeyi , Wang Haiwang , Xie Changxiang , Xiang Xiao , Zhang Chengang , Qi Jian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBaTiO3, as a perovskite type material with excellent chemical stability and suitable conduction, has been widely studied in the field of photocatalysis. However, it can only absorb ultraviolet light because of its wide band gap. Herein, the lifetime of photogenerated electrons of BaTiO3 doped with Ta5+ can be enhanced. To study the band structure and photocatalytic performance of Ta‐doped BaTiO3, sol‐gel assisted solid‐phase method was employed to prepare BaTiO3 doped with varying Ta5+ doping amounts, and the structure characteristic and formation mechanism of the Ta‐doped BaTiO3 were analyzed. The results showed that the heat treatment temperature reached 1052.7 °C, sufficient thermodynamic conditions were obtained for Ta5+ to dope into the BaTiO3 lattice, and lattice distortion occurred in BaTiO3. Meanwhile, the particle size after doping decreased with the increase of Ta5+ doping amount. The 1.25 mol %Ta5+‐doped BaTiO3 had the lowest band gap (3.077 eV), and the photocatalytic water splitting had the best hydrogen evolution activity, which was 2.4 times that of BaTiO3. Furthermore, the conductance potential of 1.25 mol %Ta5+‐doped BaTiO3 was more negative than that of BaTiO3, which improved the thermodynamic advantage of the photocatalytic water splitting, and it had higher and more stable photoresponse and photogenerated carrier migration rate.
Strategic restraint: When do human‐capital‐intensive companies choose (not) to use noncompete agreements?
Authors: Ganco Martin , Liu Jingnan , Wang Haifeng , Yamaguchi Shotaro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryExtant work in strategic management has focused on the role of noncompete agreements (NCAs)—a form of restrictive legal lever used by firms when managing human capital—and conceptualized them as being advantageous to firms. Challenging this notion, we highlight a novel downside of using NCAs and show how their use by some firms creates differentiation opportunities for rival firms. We analyze a unique survey dataset to examine the heterogeneity in the firms' actual use of NCAs conditional on industry and state. We find that the nonuse of NCAs is more common among firms that rely more heavily on talent and are also not the industry leaders, and such firms are more likely not to use NCAs with the goal of attracting skilled employees.Managerial SummaryNoncompete agreements (NCAs) have long been regarded as effective tools for firms managing human capital. Our research challenges this conventional wisdom. We show that NCAs are not uniformly beneficial to all firms even when looking at competitors within the same industry. By analyzing a unique survey dataset, we find that firms relying heavily on talent and not leading their industries are more inclined to forgo NCAs. Their strategic intent? Attracting skilled employees. This study sheds light on the delicate balance between legal constraints and talent attraction and is particularly salient in the context of the policy efforts to ban NCAs.