bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadening of Generalized Anxiety Disorders Definition Does not Affect the Response to Psychiatric Care: Findings from the Observational ADAN Study
Authors: Álvarez Enrique , Carrasco Jose L , Olivares José M , López-Gómez Vanessa , Vilardaga Inma , Perez María 
Published: November 2012

Objective:To elucidate the consequences of broadening DSM-IV criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), we examined prospectively the evolution of GAD symptoms in two groups of patients; one group diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and the other, according to broader criteria.Method:Multicentre, prospective and observational study conducted on outpatient psychiatric clinics. Patients were selected from October 2007 to January 2009 and diagnosed with GAD according to DSM-IV criteria (DSM-IV group) or broader criteria. Broader criteria were considered 1-month of excessive or non-excessive worry and only 2 of the associated symptoms listed on DSM-IV for GAD diagnosis. Socio-demographic data, medical history and functional outcome measures were collected three times during a 6-month period.Results:3,549 patients were systematically recruited; 1,815 patients in DSM-IV group (DG) and 1,264 in broad group (BG); 453 patients did not fulfil inclusion criteria and were excluded. Most patients (87.9% in DG, 82.0% in BG) were currently following pharmacological therapies (mainly benzodiazepines) to manage their anxiety symptoms. The changes observed during the study were: 49.0% and 58.0%, respectively of patients without anxiety symptoms as per HAM-A scale at the 6 month visit (p=0.261) and 59.7% and 67.7%, respectively (p=0.103) of responder rates (> 50% reduction of baseline scoring).Conclusion:Broadening of GAD criteria does not seem to affect psychiatric care results in subjects with GAD, is able to identify the core symptoms of the disease according to the DSM-IV criteria and could lead to an earlier diagnosis.
Intramedullary Fixation of Diaphyseal Clavicle Fractures Using the Rockwood Clavicle Pin: Review of 86 Cases
Authors: Marlow William J , Ralte Peter , Morapudi Syam PK , Bassi Rashpal , Fischer Jochen , Waseem Mohammad 
Published: November 2012

Aim:This study reports the safety, efficacy and functional and patient centred outcomes of the largest published series of patients treated with the Rockwood clavicle pin (intramedullary device) to date.Patients and Methods:A retrospective review of case notes, radiographs and follow-up by questionnaire was conducted. 86 patients were operated upon, 70 for acute fractures (group A) and 16 for non-union (group B).Results: Rate of non-union was 2 (2.9%) in group A and 0 in group B. Mean Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores were 5.9 for group A and 8.7 for group B. Satisfaction was rated as good or excellent in 61 (96.8%) of responders and all patients would have the procedure again. Pin prominence was the predominant complication in both groups and all patients underwent a second procedure for metalwork removal.Discussion:Rockwood clavicle pins are as effective as plates in achieving union and maintaining length, however the advantages of this less invasive technique should be weighed against the common complication of pin prominence and the inconvenience of removal of metalwork in all cases.
White Matter Alteration in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Shimoji Keigo , Abe Osamu , Uka Takanori , Yasmin Hasina , Kamagata Koji , Asahi Kouichi , Hori Masaaki , Nakanishi Atsushi , Tamura Yoshifumi , Watada Hirotaka , Kawamori Ryuzo , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVEWe explored the regional pattern of white matter alteration in subjects with metabolic syndrome. We also investigated whether white matter alteration was correlated with BMI.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSSeven middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome and seven without metabolic syndrome underwent diffusion tensor imaging with a 3T magnetic resonance imaging imager. We analyzed the fractional anisotropy (FA) values by using a tract-based spatial statistics technique (whole-brain analysis). We subsequently focused on measuring the mean FA values of the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) of all subjects by tract-specific analysis (regional brain analysis). We used a Pearson correlation coefficient to evaluate the relationship between BMI and mean FA values of the right IFOF.RESULTSIn the whole-brain analysis, subjects with metabolic syndrome had significantly lower FA values than control subjects in part of the right external capsule (part of the right IFOF), the entire corpus callosum, and part of the deep white matter of the right frontal lobe. In the regional brain analysis, the mean FA value of the right IFOF was 0.41 ± 0.03 for subjects with metabolic syndrome and 0.44 ± 0.05 for control subjects. A significant negative correlation was observed between BMI and FA values in the right IFOF (r = −0.56, P &lt; 0.04).CONCLUSIONSOur results show that microstructural white matter changes occur in patients with metabolic syndrome. FA values may be useful indices of white matter alterations in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Homeostatic function of astrocytes: Ca2+ and Na+ signalling
Authors: Parpura Vladimir , Verkhratsky Alexei 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The name astroglia unifies many non-excitable neural cells that act as primary homeostatic cells in the nervous system. Neuronal activity triggers multiple homeostatic responses of astroglia that include increase in metabolic activity and synthesis of neuronal preferred energy substrate lactate, clearance of neurotransmitters and buffering of extracellular K+ ions to name but a few. Many (if not all) of astroglial homeostatic responses are controlled by dynamic changes in the cytoplasmic concentration of two cations, Ca2+ and Na+. Intracellular concentration of these ions is tightly controlled by several transporters and can be rapidly affected by the activation of respective fluxes through ionic channels or ion exchangers. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of astroglial Ca2+ and Na+ signalling.
Cognitive deficits, obesity and disability in schizophrenia
Authors: Strassnig Martin , Caceda Ricardo , Newcomer John , Harvey Philip 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Despite 50 years of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions schizophrenia remains one of the leading causes of disability. The inability to function in everyday settings includes deficits in performance of social, occupational, and independent living activities. Schizophrenia is also a life-shortening illness, caused mainly by poor physical health and its complications. Dysfunctional lifestyles including sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity prevail, while treatment with adipogenic antipsychotic medication interacts with poor performance in screening, monitoring, and intervention that result in shortening of life expectancies by 25–30 years. Disability interferes with self-care and medical care, further worsening physical health to produce a vicious cycle of disability. Further, the neurobiological impact of obesity on brain functioning is substantial and relevant to schizophrenia. Decision making deficits that lead to choices resulting in obesity themselves have neurobiological determinants. Simultaneous treatment of cognitive deficits and related deficits in functional skills, ubiquitous determinants of everyday functioning in schizophrenia, and targeted interventions aimed at poor physical health, especially obesity and associated comorbidities, may lead to additive or even interactive gains in everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia not previously realized with other interventions.
L’importation du marbre de Carrare à la cour de Louis XIV
Authors: Bresc-Bautier Geneviève 
Published: November 2012

La difficulté d’approvisionnement en marbre statuaire a été un problème récurrent pour la sculpture, sauf évidemment en Italie, lieu d’exploitation de carrières, spécialement de celles de Carrare. La France a cherché à exploiter, difficilement, le marbre des Pyrénées, qui a mauvaise réputation auprès des sculpteurs. Les conditions d’extraction, de transport et de commerce du marbre de Carrare en France sous le règne personnel de Louis XIV seront présentées ici. Vers 1660-1662, une première période voit la concurrence entre deux équipes rivales, l’une, envoyée par Fouquet, est composée de Girardin et de Pierre Puget, et celle de Colbert est dirigée par le marchand toulonnais Jacques Beuf, avec son commis Delamer. Cette dernière équipe réussit à débaucher Puget et va, évidemment, l’emporter. Puis Colbert installe deux autres équipes, officielles celles-ci, qui font tirer du marbre par des sculpteurs français envoyés en mission : Antoine André pour le grand banquier Pierre Formont et Nicolas Ménard pour Jacques Beuf - le premier réussissant à évincer le second. Mais Formont, qui avait fait arrêter son sculpteur André et l’avait remplacé par des Flamands, est évincé en raison de sa religion et meurt peu avant la Révocation de l’édit de Nantes (1685). Parallèlement des artistes génois, le peintre Borzone puis les sculpteurs Solaro père et fils, parviennent à imposer des cargaisons de marbre, de même que Puget continue à se procurer directement du marbre à Carrare et même à en vendre.Louvois, prenant le contre-pied de la politique de Colbert, change le système. Il installe d’abord une seule compagnie des marbres officielle, puis lui retire sa charge pour en protéger une seconde, où se retrouvent les mêmes responsables, Haudiquer de Blancourt et André Lebrun. Cette compagnie s’arrête en 1687 devant les risques de la guerre.Un nouvel épisode se situe durant la période d’accalmie entre la paix de Ryswick et la guerre de Succession d’Espagne avec, en particulier, le transport des gros blocs pour les groupes de la Renommée du Roi de Coysevox, entre 1698 et 1701. Puis de nouveau, tout s’arrête jusqu'à ce que les préparatifs de la Paix permettent au sculpteur Jean Garavaque, en 1713, de visiter les carrières de Carrare et de préparer les derniers transports du règne en 1714-1715.On soulignera les incidences des conditions politiques sur l’approvisionnement, en particulier de la guerre sur mer. On verra aussi comment les dimensions des blocs disponibles conditionnent les compositions.
Dispersal of adult Colorado potato beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on plant models
Authors: Boiteau Gilles , MacKinley Pamela 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFive artificial plant models mimicking potato plants, each having different and increasing numbers of structural components, were used to observe individual adult Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) over a period of 6 hours. The objective was to determine if plant architecture affected residency time, within plant dispersal, and distribution of the species. The number of transitions between sections, the time spent on each section, the residency time on each model, and the proportion of individuals walking off were recorded. Results showed a positive relationship between the proportion of beetles remaining after 6 hours and the number of connections on respective models. The unexpectedly long residency on all but the simplest model in spite of the absence of food indicates that architectural complexity had an impact on beetle retention. Dispersal activity and residency time were heavily skewed towards the top of models. Beetles exposed to positive light gradients of different intensities and a negative light gradient showed that a phototactic response could explain much of the dispersal pattern to the upper model sections. Results show that manipulation of plant structure remains an option for managing the beetle but will require further research on the contribution of heterogeneity and scale to residency time.
miR-451 Regulates Dendritic Cell Cytokine Responses to Influenza Infection
Authors: Rosenberger Carrie M. , Podyminogin Rebecca L. , Navarro Garnet , Zhao Guo-Wei , Askovich Peter S. , Weiss Mitchell J. , Aderem Alan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important posttranscriptional regulators in immune cells, but how viral infection regulates miRNA expression to shape dendritic cell (DC) responses has not been well characterized. We identified 20 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in primary murine DCs in response to the dsRNA agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a subset of which were modestly regulated by influenza infection. miR-451 was unique because it was induced more strongly in primary splenic and lung DCs by live viral infection than by purified agonists of pattern recognition receptors. We determined that miR-451 regulates a subset of proinflammatory cytokine responses. Three types of primary DCs treated with antisense RNA antagomirs directed against miR-451 secreted elevated levels of IL-6, TNF, CCL5/RANTES, and CCL3/MIP1α, and these results were confirmed using miR-451null cells. miR-451 negatively regulates YWHAZ/14-3-3ζ protein levels in various cell types, and we measured a similar inhibition of YWHAZ levels in DCs. It is known that YWHAZ can control the activity of two negative regulators of cytokine production: FOXO3, which is an inhibitory transcription factor, and ZFP36/Tristetraprolin, which binds to AU-rich elements within 3′-untranslated regions to destabilize cytokine mRNAs. Inhibition of miR-451 expression correlated with increased YWHAZ protein expression and decreased ZFP36 expression, providing a possible mechanism for the elevated secretion of IL-6, TNF, CCL5/RANTES, and CCL3/MIP1α. miR-451 levels are themselves increased by IL-6 and type I IFN, potentially forming a regulatory loop. These data suggest that viral infection specifically induces a miRNA that directs a negative regulatory cascade to tune DC cytokine production.
Een ecclesiologie van de kleine gemeente
Authors: De Roest H P 
Published: November 2012

The birth of the small congregation involves the calling of people, who are touched and are taken up in a mystical way into a movement that follows Jesus. In this way, members are introduced to another dimension underlying day to day life. With regard to the postnatal development, the quantitative increase or decrease of the congregation is considered. There are many reasons why people may join or sever themselves from a congregation but, in this regard, the relationship with God is fundamental. The qualitative development of a congregation relates to the interplay between context and calling on the one hand, and on the other, context and Christian tradition. Questions from own ranks as well as from outsiders may refer to the realization of the congregation’s calling and the meaning of tradition in a particular context. These questions may lead to renewal. An ecclesiological meditation is incomplete if factors retarding the growing and learning process are disregarded. Attention to factors promoting such a process gives ground thereto. In this regard group dynamic analyses are helpful.
Teologie kroniek: Skrifverstaan en die Nuwe Hervorming1 Theology Chronicle: Understanding of Scripture and the “New Reformation”
Authors: Human D J 
Published: November 2012

During the last decade a group of South African theologians have stirred a part of the Afrikaans ecclesiastical community with statements and arguments on several faith issues, including the interpretation of the Bible. Adherents of the movement call themselves the New Reformation (“Nuwe Hervorming”). This theology chronicle is an attempt to touch on some hermeneutical challenges for understanding Scripture. To the Church the Bible is the norm and source of faith. Paradigm shifts have been caused by the Enlightenment and influenced the understanding of Scripture. Historical Criticism, for example, has brought multiple perspectives to the reading of biblical texts. More approaches to biblical understanding originated. For the ordinary Bible reader and believer these approaches sometimes seem to be confusing. This explanation is an attempt to create better understanding for Bible reading in our times. It concludes with a short assessment of the current role the New Reformation movement plays in the hermeneutical debate.
The destruction of the nations and the promise of return: hermeneutical observations on the book of Deuteronomy
Authors: Braulik G 
Published: November 2012

Many Israelis, but also many Christian Palestinians, today understand the current conflict around the possession of the land in a Bible-oriented way. They associate it with the radical destruction of all inhabitants of the land and its subsequent occupation as it is formulated in Deuteronomy, namely as an instruction of God, and as portrayed in the book of Joshua, namely as an historical event. This typologising form of common hermeneutics contradicts both modern historiography on ancient Israel and the historic-critical exegesis of the two books as well as their interpretation in Jewish tradition. The campaign of the twelve-tribe nation under Joshua and the destruction of the peoples of Canaan is a theological, fictitious image of radical trust in God, which was designed under King Josiah for mythical ancient times. Neither the laws on warfare nor the promises of return in a synchronically read Deuteronomy know about any future violent conquest of the land of Canaan. The article analyses Israel's relation to the inhabitants of the land, especially in chapters 29-30, which are decisive for Moses’ vision of the future. Based on this analysis, it develops the hermeneutics of Deuteronomy for the directives on the destruction of the nations. Applying these directives typologically proves to be ruled out, both for the wars following the conquest of the land and for the return of Israel from exile.
Veranderingen in samenleving en kerk en de gevolgen voor het beroep van pastor
Authors: Heitink Gerben 
Published: November 2012

This article is an attempt to open up a new perspective on the crisis of christianity and church in the context of Western Europe, especially The Netherlands. Since half a century the secularisation paradigm has been the dominant perspective to explain this development. But a long-term historical perspective offers a wider horizon. Through the ages there have been different types of christianity (E.Troeltsch): the public church in relation to the civil society, the free church emphasizing church membership (the priesthood of the believers) and the more individualized mystic type of faith. Since the separation of church and state untill totday the second type had been the dominant one. A consequence of the cultural shift from modernity to postmodernity is the rise of ‘wild devotion’ conform the third type of a more individualized way of life. This article pays attention to the challenges of these developments to the practice of church life and the pastoral profession.
New politics, new stories, new history: the Chronicler as historian for a new generation
Authors: Boshoff W 
Published: November 2012

The Chronistic History, consisting of I and II chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah, constitutes a new history for the post-exilic Judaean community. These people faced new social and political relities and had to make sense of their history and situation. Central features of the Chronistic History are (in I and II Chronicles) the review of king David’s genealogies, the centrality of David’s reign and cultic arrangements, which resulted in Solomon’s building of the temple, and the history of the kingdom of Judah, with the reigns of Hesekiah and Josiah as focal points. In Ezra and Nehemiah the focal points are the Persian king Cyrus’ decree, allowing the Judaeans to return to Jerusalem, the conflict with the people of the land, and the rebuilding of the city walls and temple. The Chronicler’s use of history to constitute a new reality for its readers, helped them to visualise a new Judaean community by inclusion and exclusion. This process was not only healing and reconciliatory, but also entailed conflict and animosity.
Drivers for the writing of a sermon about reconciliation
Authors: Vos C J A 
Published: November 2012

This article focuses on the energy that must fill the homiletic space, in order for an effective sermon about reconciliation, to be created. Of concern is the liturgical situation in which, sermons about reconciliation take place – the homiletic process through which a homiletic theory is established, the sermon as a work of art and its structure. All these liturgical and homiletic motivators release energy, which enables preaching about reconciliation to take place in a way that moves the listener. Reconciliation means to overcome the divide between the rich and the poor and looking at other people the other person through different eyes.
Kruispunte in Christene se besluitneming oor homoseksualiteit
Authors: De Villiers DE 
Published: November 2012

The article demonstrates that the present differences Christians have in morally evaluating homosexuality in general and steady homosexual relationships in articular, can be related to the decisions they take at four pivotal crossroads. Two one-sided and opposite approaches to this evaluation that follow from different decisions at these crossroads are discussed. They are contrasted with a reforming Christian approach that would enable Christians to take a more nuanced and substantiated stance to the moral issues with regard to homosexuality.
Prospects of a Christian Ethics of responsibility (Part 1): An assessment of an American version
Authors: De Villiers DE 
Published: November 2012

In his book Das Prinzip Verantwortung, published in 1979, the philosopher Hans Jonas argued that all existing approaches in philosophical ethics are inadequate, because they do not effectively address the serious issues caused by the rapid expansion of modern technology. He proposed a completely new approach to ethics based on the principle of responsibility. His book – among others – inspired a number of theologians in Germany and the USA to develop their own versions of a Christian ethics of responsibility. In this article Jonas’ s version of an ethics of responsibility and the attempt of the American theologian William Schweiker to develop a Christian version of such an ethics in close proximity to Jonas’ s are critically discussed. It is pointed out that Jonas does not succeed in making out a convincing case for elevating responsibility to the fundamental principal of ethics. It is also argued that Schweiker’ s ambivalent stance in this regard does not support his claim that Christian ethics, in order to adequately respond to the serious ethical issues of our time, should be developed as an ethics of responsibility. The question “Can and should Christian ethics today be developed as ethics of responsibility?” is therefore left open.
Riglyne vir ‘n verantwoordelike Nuwe Testamentiese verstaan in die homoseksualiteitsdebat. Deel 1: ’n Komplekse Saak
Authors: Steyn Gert J 
Published: November 2012

This is the first of two contributions that are asking how the New Testament can be used in a responsible manner in the debate about homosexuality. It is clear that this is a complex issue which is driven by subjective opinions about the phenomenon itself, and by the selection and analysis of passages chosen for the chosen viewpoint of the individual. Different arguments are steering the debate: emotional, societal pressure, biological-psychological, biblical, theological, and technical arguments all find their way in different contexts. The fact of the existence of deviations in nature, the occurrence of the phenomenon in different primitive and ancient cultures, and the use and application of a single term for a variety of aspects, are all contributing to this complex labyrinth. A responsible use of the New Testament in the debate on homosexuality can only happen when it is done in a diversified and qualified manner .