bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marvel in the Algerian Folk Tale: ‘The Tale of Djamila and the Ogre’
Authors: BOUGOUFA Sabrina 
Published: August 2024

The concept of Marvel has emerged as a significant term in contemporary discourse, leading to considerable debate due to its intersection with other related concepts. It is essential to highlight the close relationship between the term Marvel and folk literature, given the distinctive nature of folk literature characterized by its incorporation of Marvel in its characters, settings, and themes. This study aims to delve into the notion of the folk tale and subsequently identify instances of marvel in a tale drawn from Algerian heritage, through the analysis of a specific model entitled The Tale of Djamila and the Ogre
Effects of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Some Chlorides of Divalent Metals on the Initial Velocity of Crude Peroxidase from Watermelon Rind
Authors: O.M Iniaghe, , A.A Ohilebo 
Published: August 2024

Aim: This study investigated the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and some chlorides of divalent metals on the initial velocity of crude peroxidase from watermelon rind
Study design: In vitro enzyme assay.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria between September 2023 to November 2023.
Methodology: The kinetics of the oxidation of Guaiacol by the crude peroxidase from the rind of watermelon in the presence of varying concentrations of EDTA and the chloride salts of iron, copper was determined spectrophotometrically by monitoring the oxidation of Guaiacol to produce a brown tetraguaiacol at a wavelength of 470nm. The various salt concentrations were varied between 0.5 mM and 3 mM. Each of the reaction mixtures used in the kinetic study comprised; 2.3 mL of 0.6 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.4), 0.2 mL of 0.02 mM Guaiacol, 0.1 mL of crude extract, 0.2 mL of varying concentration chloride salt, 0.2 mL of 2 mM of H2O2 added last to start the reaction. The final concentration of H2O2 in the 3 mL assay was 0.13 mM. The total volume of the reaction mixture was 3 mL. The absorbance was read every 2 seconds for one minute after adding hydrogen peroxide using a stop-clock. The control had no metal ion but replaced with distilled water
Results: Results showed that EDTA reduced the activity of the enzyme in a concentration dependent manner. CuCl2 and FeCl2 activated the enzyme and FeCl2 being a better activator within the salt concentration range of 0.5 mM to 3 mM.
Conclusion: These findings are of great importance to industries in understanding the mechanism of action of peroxidase from the rind of watermelon, especially as the search for cheap and alternative sources of peroxidases continues.
Nutritional Properties of Fortified Rice (PDS) Distributed at KGBV Hostels of Telangana State, India
Authors: Pavithra Siradala Shiny , Devi T. Sucharita , Kuna Aparna , Rani R. Neela 
Published: August 2024

Rice is a vital staple crop that serves as the primary source of calories for over half of the global population, particularly in Asia. Despite its importance, rice is inherently deficient in several essential micronutrients, and the nutritional value is further diminished through processing. This study examines the nutritional composition of fortified rice provided through the Public Distribution System (PDS) in KGBV hostels, emphasizing its potential to address nutritional deficiencies. The analysis focused on key parameters including moisture, ash, fat, crude fiber, protein, carbohydrates, energy, and iron content. Results revealed that fortified rice contains 11.8% moisture, 1.57% ash, 0.78% fat, and 31.05 mg of iron, crude fiber content was 0.3%, protein levels were 7.7%, carbohydrate content was 77.85g, and energy content was 349.22 kcal. These findings highlight the superior nutritional profile of fortified rice, particularly in terms of its ash, energy, and iron content, making it a highly beneficial option for addressing nutritional deficiencies and improving public health outcomes.
Changes in Livelihood and Utilization Pattern of Farm Pond Owners in Drought Regions of Maharashtra, India
Authors: S. Gireesh, , T. N. Srinatha, , Kumbhare N. V. , M. S. Jagadeesh, , Baruah Debasmita , D. Arun, , Munshi Sahin Aktar , Kumar Pramod 
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to assess the impact of farm pond adoption on the livelihood of beneficiaries in drought-prone regions of Maharashtra, India during 2022-23. Data from 160 beneficiaries and 160 non-beneficiaries were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and published sources and data were analysed, The results shows that a significant increase in various aspects of beneficiary activities, including the utilization of women's productive time (MS 0.43 to 2.47), the regular employment generation index (MS 81.54 to 151.04), the livestock composition index (MS 1.46 to 2.39), the enterprises cost-effectiveness index (MS 17.27 to 48.83), the cultivated land utilization index (MS 0.22 to 0.67), and the irrigability index (MS 2.17 to 16.88). In terms of investment, horticultural crops received the highest allocation (MS 401) followed by animal husbandry (MS 360) and agricultural crops (MS 236). Farm pond income was predominantly directed toward purchasing farm inputs (56.88 %), with a smaller portion allocated to equipment (18.13%) and the least to non-agricultural businesses (1.25 %). Overall, the findings showed a significant improvement in the livelihood component of farm pond owners (MS 84.09), with the employment component exhibiting the highest mean score of 81.33, followed by the economic component (MS 75.97). These findings underscore the transformative potential of farm pond adoption in drought-prone regions, as it enhances livelihoods, empowers gender roles, and promotes diversified and sustainable agricultural practices within the locale of the study.
Femoral Artery Rupture after Sneezing, Presenting to Emergency Department with Haemorrhagic Shock: A Rare Post Operative Complication
Authors: Gupta Kushagra 
Published: August 2024

Femoral Artery Rupture is a rather serious and life-threatening complication of surgeries involving the anterior compartment of the thigh and knee. Here we present a case of a 15-year-old patient, a post-operative case of Bilateral osteotomy for Genu Varus, presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) in Haemorrhagic Shock after merely sneezing and spontaneously rupturing his femoral artery.
Silk Revolution: Redefining Sericulture through Application of Precise Nanotechnologies
Authors: Hazarika Sanjay , C. Harish Reddy , B Karthick Mani Bharathi , B M Bharath Kumar , Jekinakatti Basanagouda , Saini Pawan , Sharan S.P. , R Kishan Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Human civilization has been intertwined with sericulture—the art and science of producing silk for centuries. The application of nanotechnology to sericulture techniques has created new opportunities to improve the quantity, quality and use of silk in recent decades. This abstract examines the numerous applications of nanotechnology in sericulture, with particular attention on how it affects the quality of silk fibers, the procedures involved in producing silk and the creation of cutting-edge materials derived from silk. By providing comprehensive control over the properties of silk at the molecular and atomic levels, nanotechnology, defined as the manipulation of matter at the nano scale, has completely transformed the silk industry. Improving the health and growth of silkworms is one of the main application areas. Silver nanoparticles, for example have been used to fight illnesses and strengthen silkworm’s immune systems, boosting the insect’s resilience against illness and optimizing silk yield. Furthermore, silk fiber quality has increased largely in substantial measure by nanotechnology. The mechanical, thermal and optical characteristics of silk fibers have been altered by researchers by adding nanoparticles during the spinning process. For example, adding nanoparticles to silk can increase its tensile strength, making it more durable and appropriate for a variety of industrial uses. Similarly, silk can be given antibacterial qualities by adding nanoscale compounds, increasing its shelf life and possible uses in medical textiles. Furthermore, the production of sophisticated silk-based materials with distinctive functions has been made easier by nanotechnology. Nanocomposites, which consist of nanoparticles embedded in silk matrices, have unique characteristics like improved electrical conductivity, controlled drug release, and greater biocompatibility. Silk-based materials have emerged as a result of these developments, finding use both in wearable electronics and biomedical devices.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extracts of Usteria guineensis and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes on Pathogens and ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: P. A. Idowu, , E. D. Amali , O. L. Okunye, , E. O. Adeyemo 
Published: August 2024

Antibiotic resistance of microbial pathogens has become a threat to public health, with observed increase in outbreak of infections, therapeutic failure, morbidity and mortality. Pathogenic Escherichia coli and other extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria causes serious health challenges due to antimicrobial resistance. This has caused an increasing research on medicinal plants as a source of alternative potential therapeutic agents. In this study, antimicrobial activity of Usteria guineensis (UG) and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes (SG) was investigated on standard organisms and clinical isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli.
The leaves of Usteria guineensis and Sphaerocoryne gracilipes were extracted using methanol. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the medicinal plants according to standard procedure. The clinical isolates of E. coli were screened for the production of ESBL using double disc synergy test, with E. coli ATCC 25922 as standard. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine antibacterial activity of the extracts at 100 and 25 mg/mL while Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were assessed using broth micro-dilution method. Statistical analysis was done using ANNOVA.
The two plants contain cardiac glycoside, alkaloids and saponin and 11/15 (80%) of the E. coli isolates show the production of the ESBL. The extracts of the two plants showed antibacterial activity against ESBL E. coli with zone of inhibition ranging between 11 to 18 mm for Usteria guineensis and 12 to 15 mm for Sphaerocoryne gracilipes. The MIC of the extracts ranged between 0.78 to 50 mg/mL and MBC from 12.5 to >50 mg/mL for the ESBL producers and the standard strains.
Therefore, the two plants, especially Usteria guineensis have potentials to be developed as alternative therapeutic agents for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL-producing pathogens like Escherichia coli.
Extension of an Ice Shelf Water plume model beneath sea ice with application in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Authors: Hughes K. G. , Langhorne P. J. , Leonard G. H. , Stevens C. L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA one‐dimensional, frazil‐laden plume model predicts the properties of Ice Shelf Water (ISW) as it evolves beneath sea ice beyond the ice shelf edge. An idealized background ocean circulation, which moves parallel to the plume, imitates forcings other than the plume's own buoyancy. The size distribution and concentration of the plume's suspended frazil ice crystals are affected by the background circulation velocity, the root‐mean square tidal velocity, the drag coefficient, and the efficiency of secondary nucleation. Consequently, these variables are the key physical controls on the survival of supercooled water with distance from the ice shelf, which is predicted using several realistic parameter choices. Starting at 65 m thick, the in situ supercooled layer thins to 11 ± 5 and 4 ± 3 m at distances of 50 and 100 km, respectively. We apply the extended model in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, along the expected path of the coldest water. Three late‐winter oceanographic stations along this path, in conjunction with historical data, provide initial conditions and evaluation of the simulations. Near the ice shelf in the western Sound, the water column consisted entirely of ISW, and the subice platelet layer thickness exceeded 5 m with platelet crystals dominating the sea ice structure suggesting that ISW persisted throughout winter. Presuming a constant ISW flux, the model predicts that the plume increases thermodynamic growth of sea ice by approximately 0.1 m yr−1 (∼5% of the average growth rate) even as far as 100 km beyond the ice shelf edge.
IMF control of the location of Venusian bow shock: The effect of the magnitude of IMF component tangential to the bow shock surface
Authors: Chai Lihui , Fraenz Markus , Wan Weixing , Rong Zhaojin , Zhang Tielong , Wei Yong , Dubinin Eduard , Zhong Jun , Han Xiuhong , Barabash Stas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) frozen in the solar wind, together with the solar EUV radiation, can significantly affect the location of Venusian bow shock. To recognize the IMF effect on the Venusian bow shock, we investigated 1680 bow shock crossings recorded by Venus Express during the unusually long‐lasting solar minimum (May 2006 to December 2010), of which the effect of solar EUV variation was significantly decreased. Our analysis shows that during the unusually long‐lasting solar minimum, the effect of the solar EUV flux on the Venusian bow shock location is negligible. Neither solar wind dynamic pressure nor solar wind velocity has observable effect on the Venusian bow shock location. However, the IMF magnitude has a strong control of the Venusian bow shock location. We found that the size of Venusian bow shock linearly increases with the magnitude of the IMF component tangential to the bow shock surface, and this relationship can account for the perpendicular‐parallel asymmetry and magnetic pole‐equator asymmetry found in previous researches, as well as the magnetic dawn‐dusk asymmetry discerned in this study.
CME front and severe space weather
Authors: Balan N. , Skoug R. , Tulasi Ram S. , Rajesh P. K. , Shiokawa K. , Otsuka Y. , Batista I. S. , Ebihara Y. , Nakamura T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThanks to the work of a number of scientists who made it known that severe space weather can cause extensive social and economic disruptions in the modern high‐technology society. It is therefore important to understand what determines the severity of space weather and whether it can be predicted. We present results obtained from the analysis of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar energetic particle (SEP) events, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), CME‐magnetosphere coupling, and geomagnetic storms associated with the major space weather events since 1998 by combining data from the ACE and GOES satellites with geomagnetic parameters and the Carrington event of 1859, the Quebec event of 1989, and an event in 1958. The results seem to indicate that (1) it is the impulsive energy mainly due to the impulsive velocity and orientation of IMF Bz at the leading edge of the CMEs (or CME front) that determine the severity of space weather. (2) CMEs having high impulsive velocity (sudden nonfluctuating increase by over 275 km s−1 over the background) caused severe space weather (SvSW) in the heliosphere (failure of the solar wind ion mode of Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor in ACE) probably by suddenly accelerating the high‐energy particles in the SEPs ahead directly or through the shocks. (3) The impact of such CMEs which also show the IMF Bz southward from the leading edge caused SvSW at the Earth including extreme geomagnetic storms of mean DstMP < −250 nT during main phases, and the known electric power outages happened during some of these SvSW events. (4) The higher the impulsive velocity, the more severe the space weather, like faster weather fronts and tsunami fronts causing more severe damage through impulsive action. (5) The CMEs having IMF Bz northward at the leading edge do not seem to cause SvSW on Earth, although, later when the IMF Bz turns southward, they can lead to super geomagnetic storms of intensity (Dstmin) less than even −400 nT.
A refined classification of SPEs based on the multienergy channel observations
Authors: Kim R.‐S. , Cho K.‐S. , Lee J. , Bong S.‐C. , Park Y.‐D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe have investigated characteristics of solar proton events (SPEs) and their association with other types of solar eruption using 42 SPEs observed with SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory/Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron detector from 1997 to 2012. A velocity dispersion analysis was performed to correctly estimate the onset times of proton flux increase at the solar vicinity. These SPE onset times were compared with those of associated flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and interplanetary type II radio bursts. We found that (i) the proton flux of 13 SPEs (31%) increase during the flare X‐ray intensity is increasing, and the rest 29 SPEs (69%) show onsets well coincident with the first appearance of CMEs in Large Angle and Spectrometric COronagraph field of view. (ii) All flare‐associated SPEs show the flux enhancements starting from the lower energy, while the CME‐associated SPEs show the flux enhancements starting from either the higher or the lower energies. In the other events, the flux enhancement occurs simultaneously at all energies within 10 min. (iii) For the former, large flux enhancements occur in a short time, while the latter tend to show relatively weak and slow flux enhancements. Our classification uses two criteria, SPE onset timing relative to flares and energy‐dependent flux enhancement, unlike the conventional classification of SPEs based on whether the flux time profile is impulsive or gradual. Nevertheless our classification scheme refines the distinction between the flare‐associated SPEs and the CME‐associated SPEs in terms of the onset timing. Additional information on the proton acceleration as implied by the energy‐dependent patterns of flux enhancement is briefly discussed.
Approximate analytical solutions for the trapped electron distribution due to quasi‐linear diffusion by whistler mode waves
Authors: Mourenas D. , Artemyev A. V. , Agapitov O. V. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Li W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe distribution of trapped energetic electrons inside the Earth's radiation belts is the focus of intense studies aiming at better describing the evolution of the space environment in the presence of various disturbances induced by the solar wind or by an enhanced lightning activity. Such studies are usually performed by means of comparisons with full numerical simulations solving the Fokker‐Planck quasi‐linear diffusion equation for the particle distribution function. Here we present for the first time approximate but realistic analytical solutions for the electron distribution, which are shown to be in good agreement with exact numerical solutions in situations where resonant scattering of energetic electrons by whistler mode hiss, lightning‐generated or chorus waves, is the dominant process. Quiet time distributions are well recovered, as well as the evolution of energized relativistic electron distributions during disturbed geomagnetic conditions. It is further shown that careful comparisons between the analytical solutions and measured distributions may allow to infer important bounce‐ and drift‐averaged wave characteristics (such as wave amplitude). It could also help to improve the global understanding of underlying physical phenomena.
Source and structure of bursty hot electron enhancements in the tail magnetosheath: Simultaneous two‐probe observation by ARTEMIS
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Xing Xiaoyan , Nakamura T. K. M. , Lyons Larry R. , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBursty enhancements of hot electrons (≳0.5 keV) with duration of minutes sometimes occur in the tail magnetosheath. In this study we used the unique simultaneous measurements from the two Acceleration Reconnection Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun probes to investigate the likely sources, spatial structures, and responsible processes for these hot electron enhancements. The enhancements can be seen at any distance across the magnetosheath, but those closer to the magnetopause are more often accompanied by magnetosheath density and flow magnitudes changing to more magnetosphere‐like values. From simultaneous measurements with the two probes being on either side of magnetopause or both in the magnetosheath, it is evident that these hot electrons come from the magnetosphere near the current sheet without further energization and that the enhancements are a result of bursty lateral magnetosphere intrusion into the magnetosheath, the enhancements and changes in the magnetosheath properties becoming smaller with increasing outward distance from the intrusion. From limited events having specific separation distances and alignments between the probes, we estimated that a single isolated enhancement can have a thin and elongated structure as narrow as 2 RE wide in the X direction, as long as over 7 RE in the Y direction, and as thin as 1 RE in the Z direction. We propose that Kelvin–Helmholtz perturbations at the magnetopause and subsequent magnetosphere‐magnetosheath particle mixing due to reconnection or diffusion can plausibly play an important role in generating the bursty magnetosphere intrusion into the magnetosheath and the hot electron enhancements.
Optical and ionospheric phenomena at EISCAT under continuous X‐mode HF pumping
Authors: Blagoveshchenskaya N. F. , Borisova T. D. , Kosch M. , Sergienko T. , Brändström U. , Yeoman T. K. , Häggström I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present experimental results from multiinstrument observations in the high‐latitude ionospheric F2 layer at the EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association) heating facility. The results come from a set of experiments, when an X‐polarized HF pump wave at high heater frequencies (fH > 6.0 MHz) was injected into the F region of the ionosphere toward the magnetic zenith. Experiments were carried out under quiet magnetic conditions with an effective radiated power of 458–548 MW. HF pumping was produced at different heater frequencies, away from electron gyroharmonic frequencies, and different durations of heater pulses. We show the first experimental evidence of the excitation of artificial optical emissions at red (630 nm) and green (557.7 nm) lines in the high‐latitude ionospheric F2 layer induced by an X‐polarized HF pump wave. Intensities at red and green lines varied in the range 110–950 R and 50–350 R, respectively, with a ratio of green to red line of 0.35–0.5. The results of optical observations are compared with behaviors of the HF‐enhanced ion and plasma lines from EISCAT UHF incoherent scatter radar data and small‐scale field‐aligned artificial irregularities from Cooperative UK Twin Located Auroral Sounding System observations. It was found that the X‐mode radio‐induced optical emissions coexisted with HF‐enhanced ion and plasma lines and strong artificial field‐aligned irregularities throughout the whole heater pulse. It is indicative that parametric decay or oscillating two‐stream instabilities were not quenched by fully established small‐scale field‐aligned artificial irregularities excited by an X‐mode HF pump wave.