bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences for medication attributes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK
Authors: Gelhorn H. L. , Stringer S. M. , Brooks A. , Thompson C. , Monz B. U. , Boye K. S. , Hach T. , Lund S. S. , Palencia R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo examine preferences for oral medication attributes among participants with early and advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the UK using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).MethodsA web‐based DCE was administered where participants indicated which medication they preferred from two different hypothetical oral anti‐diabetic (OAD) medication profiles, each composed of differing levels of seven attributes (efficacy, hypoglycaemic events, weight change, gastrointestinal/nausea side effects, urinary tract infection and genital infection, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk) for 20 sets of pair‐wise comparisons. A random effects multinomial logit regression model was used to estimate the preference weight (PW) for each of the attribute levels, and the relative importance (RI) of each attribute was calculated. Analyses were conducted for the overall sample and for medication and gender subgroups.ResultsThe final sample included 100 participants with a mean age of 62.9 (SD 11.1) years and comparable numbers of participants of each gender (51% male, 49% female). The majority of the participants were White‐British (92%). The total PW and corresponding RI were highest for four of the seven attributes: hypoglycaemic events (PW = 1.98; RI = 24.7%), weight change (PW = 1.65; RI = 20.6%), gastrointestinal/nausea side effects (PW = 1.49; RI = 18.6%) and efficacy (PW = 1.44; RI = 18.0%). The RI values differed for some attributes across gender and number of current T2DM medication subgroups.ConclusionThe results suggest that hypoglycaemia, weight change, gastrointestinal side effects and efficacy are of primary importance to patients in their OAD preferences in T2DM. These four attributes comprised over 80% of the RI.
Efficacy, safety and dose–response relationship of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kadowaki T. , Kondo K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy, safety and dose–response relationship of once‐daily teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study, patients (n = 324) were randomized to receive teneligliptin 10, 20 or 40 mg, or placebo, once daily before breakfast for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in haemoglobin (Hb)A1c from baseline to week 12.ResultsAll teneligliptin‐treated groups showed significantly greater reductions in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) than did the placebo group. The differences between the teneligliptin 10, 20 or 40 mg groups and the placebo group for the change in HbA1c were −0.9 [least‐squares (LS) mean; 95% confidence interval: −1.0, −0.7], −0.9 (−1.1, −0.7) and −1.0 (−1.2, −0.9)%, respectively (all, p < 0.001). The respective LS means for FPG were −17.8 (−23.4, −12.1), −16.9 (−22.6, −11.2) and −20.0 (−25.7, −14.3) mg/dl (all, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in HbA1c among the three doses of teneligliptin. The incidence of adverse events and adverse drug reactions was similar in each group. The incidence of hypoglycaemia was not significantly different among the four groups.ConclusionsTreatment with teneligliptin for 12 weeks provided significant and clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c and FPG across the dose range studied and was generally well tolerated in Japanese patients with T2DM.
Conserving large carnivores: dollars and fence
Authors: Packer C. , Loveridge A. , Canney S. , Caro T. , Garnett S.T. , Pfeifer M. , Zander K.K. , Swanson A. , MacNulty D. , Balme G. , Bauer H. , Begg C.M. , Begg K.S. , Bhalla S. , Bissett C. , Bodasing T. , Brink H. , Burger A. , Burton A.C. , Clegg B. , Dell S. , Delsink A. , Dickerson T. , Dloniak S.M. , Druce D. , Frank L. , Funston P. , Gichohi N. , Groom R. , Hanekom C. , Heath B. , Hunter L. , DeIongh H.H. , Joubert C.J. , Kasiki S.M. , Kissui B. , Knocker W. , Leathem B. , Lindsey P.A. , Maclennan S.D. , McNutt J.W. , Miller S.M. , Naylor S. , Nel P. , Ng'weno C. , Nicholls K. , Ogutu J.O. , Okot‐Omoya E. , Patterson B.D. , Plumptre A. , Salerno J. , Skinner K. , Slotow R. , Sogbohossou E.A. , Stratford K.J. , Winterbach C. , Winterbach H. , Polasky S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConservationists often advocate for landscape approaches to wildlife management while others argue for physical separation between protected species and human communities, but direct empirical comparisons of these alternatives are scarce. We relate African lion population densities and population trends to contrasting management practices across 42 sites in 11 countries. Lion populations in fenced reserves are significantly closer to their estimated carrying capacities than unfenced populations. Whereas fenced reserves can maintain lions at 80% of their potential densities on annual management budgets of $500 km−2, unfenced populations require budgets in excess of $2000 km−2 to attain half their potential densities. Lions in fenced reserves are primarily limited by density dependence, but lions in unfenced reserves are highly sensitive to human population densities in surrounding communities, and unfenced populations are frequently subjected to density‐independent factors. Nearly half the unfenced lion populations may decline to near extinction over the next 20–40 years.
Prevalence of neurologic autoantibodies in cohorts of patients with new and established epilepsy
Authors: Brenner Tanja , Sills Graeme J. , Hart Yvonne , Howell Stephen , Waters Patrick , Brodie Martin J. , Vincent Angela , Lang Bethan 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPurposeAutoantibodies to specific neurologic proteins are associated with subacute onset encephalopathies, which often present with seizures that are poorly controlled by conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Previous cross‐sectional studies have found specific neurologic antibodies in a small proportion of people with established epilepsy, but these investigations have seldom included patients with recent diagnosis.MethodsWe screened two large epilepsy cohorts to investigate the prevalence of multiple autoantibodies in adult patients with either established or newly diagnosed, untreated epilepsy.Key FindingsEleven percent of patients had antibodies to one or more antigen: voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex proteins (5%), glycine receptors (3%), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors (1.7% each). There was no difference in the prevalence of antibodies, individually or collectively, between patients with established and newly diagnosed epilepsy or with generalized or focal epilepsy. There was, however, a significantly higher prevalence of positive antibody titers in patients with focal epilepsy of unknown cause than in those with structural/metabolic focal epilepsy (14.8% vs. 6.3%; p < 0.02). Newly diagnosed antibody‐positive patients were less likely to achieve adequate seizure control with initial treatment than antibody‐negative patients, but this difference failed to reach statistical significance.SignificanceThe presence of autoantibodies is equally common in newly diagnosed and established epilepsy, it is therefore unlikely to be an epiphenomenon of long‐standing refractory seizures.
Communication between scientists, fishery managers and recreational fishers: lessons learned from a comparative analysis of international case studies
Authors: Dedual M. , Sague Pla O. , Arlinghaus R. , Clarke A. , Ferter K. , Geertz Hansen P. , Gerdeaux D. , Hames F. , Kennelly S. J. , Kleiven A. R. , Meraner A. , Ueberschär B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe management of recreational fisheries benefits from good collaboration between scientists, managers and recreational fishers. However, the level of collaboration largely depends on the levels of effective communication among the different stakeholders. This paper presents the views of scientists, managers and fishers concerning the quality of communication in eleven case studies of recreational fisheries. Case studies were synthesised and common reasons why communication did not always flow as intended were identified. The prevalent barriers to good communication, and therefore collaboration included a lack of rigorous scientific information transfer from scientists to fishers and managers, a fear from fishers that management actions will limit fishing opportunities, pre‐existing antagonism between commercial and recreational fisheries, and fishers' suspicion of science. Overcoming these issues is paramount to improve collaboration and participatory processes that help lead to robust, well‐accepted management actions.
The evolution of viviparity opens opportunities for lizard radiation but drives it into a climatic cul‐de‐sac
Authors: Pincheira‐Donoso Daniel , Tregenza Tom , Witt Matthew J. , Hodgson Dave J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimEvolutionary radiations into novel areas or niches require innovative adaptations. However, rapid subsequent changes in these novel conditions might demand rapid re‐adaptations to secure population persistence and prevent extinction. We propose that reptilian viviparity (live birth) is consistent with such a scenario. Using theLiolaemuslizard radiation, we investigate the hypotheses that historical invasions of cold climates have been permitted by transitions to viviparity, and that this parity mode is irreversible. Then, we investigate whether these combined factors restrict viviparous lizards to cold climates, and hence, whether viviparous species are particularly threatened by climate change.LocationSouthAmerica.MethodsWe employ phylogenetic analyses to investigate evolutionary transitions in reproductive modes and their consequences for environmental restrictions in viviparous lizards. We then employ climatic projections to predict the impact of climate change on the future persistence of these organisms.ResultsThe oviparity‐to‐viviparity transition is consistently associated with colonization of cold climates, and appears to be irreversible. Since viviparity seems less viable (compared with oviparity) in warm climates, species that evolve viviparity in cold climates are likely to remain adaptively constrained to such environments. Therefore, upward–poleward advances of climate warming will cause severe shifts and contractions of viviparous species ranges, threatening major extinctions over the next half century.Main conclusionsViviparity has been largely responsible for the successful radiation ofLiolaemusinto cold climates, but since this adaptation is predominantly viable in these environments and is unlikely to re‐evolve into oviparity, viviparity may prove to be an evolutionary dead‐end for lizards facing rapid climate change.
Predictors of regional establishment success and spread of introduced non‐indigenous vertebrates
Authors: Allen Craig R. , Nemec Kristine T. , Wardwell Donald A. , Hoffman Justin D. , Brust Mathew , Decker Karie L. , Fogell Daniel , Hogue Jennifer , Lotz Aaron , Miller Thaddeus , Pummill Marcy , Ramirez‐Yañez Luis E. , Uden Daniel R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo provide the first analysis of predictors of both establishment and spread, both within and across taxa, for all vertebrate taxa within a region. We used Florida, USA, as our study system because it has a well‐documented history of introduction and invasion, and is a hotspot for biological invasions.LocationFlorida, USA.MethodsWe analysed non‐indigenous species (NIS) data from peninsular Florida – which included both successful and unsuccessful introductions from all vertebrate classes – to determine the best predictors of both establishment and spread for fish (65 species), herpetofauna (63 species), birds (71 species) and mammals (25 species). We used 10 variables proposed to be associated with the establishment and spread of NIS: body mass, geographic origin, reproductive rate, diet generalism, native‐range size, latitude of native range, number of NIS present at date of introduction, presence of NIS congeners, morphological proximity to other NIS (in terms of body mass) and propagule pressure. A multimodel selection process was used with an information‐theoretic approach to determine the best fit models for predicting establishment and spread of NIS. We selected a priori plausible predictive models for establishment and spread.ResultsLarge native‐range size and small body mass best predicted establishment of non‐indigenous herpetofauna. The presence of NIS congeners had the largest positive effect on the establishment of non‐indigenous fish. For mammals, the number of NIS present at the time of introduction best explained establishment. No single model best explained bird establishment. For all taxa but birds, the number of NIS present at time of introduction was included in at least one of the best‐supported models for explaining spread.Main conclusionsOur analyses suggest that predictors of establishment and spread differ across vertebrate taxa at the scale studied. Most predictive variables can be interpreted as measures of competitive interactions among species.
Endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration in older people
Authors: Okachi Shotaro , Imai Naoyuki , Imaizumi Kazuyoshi , Hase Tetsunari , Shindo Yuichiro , Sakamoto Koji , Aso Hiromichi , Wakahara Keiko , Hashimoto Izumi , Ito Satoru , Hashimoto Naozumi , Sato Mitsuo , Kondo Masashi , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: March 2013

AimThe usefulness and safety of endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) have been established recently, but no study has evaluated whether or not aging increases the risk of the procedure. In the present study, we aimed to assess the usefulness and safety of EBUS‐TBNA in older patients.MethodsThe medical records and database of 109 patients who received EBUS‐TBNA between 2008 and 2011 at Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent bronchoscopy under light sedation with midazolam. A total of 34 patients were aged 70 years or older (the older group) and 75 were aged 69 years or younger (the younger group). We analyzed patients' characteristics, changes of clinical parameters, usage doses of midazolam and lidocaine, procedure duration, geographic data of biopsied lymph nodes, diagnostic yield, and complications in both groups.ResultsThere were more comorbidities in the older group. Four patients (11.8%) in the older group had poor performance status (2–3). Systolic blood pressure at baseline was significantly higher in the older group. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in some clinical parameters (minimum oxygen saturation [SpO2], reduction in SpO2, maximum oxygen supplementation, elevation of systolic blood pressure, increase of heart rate) during the procedure. Diagnostic performance in older patients was similar to that found in younger patients. There was no difference in the frequency of complications between both groups.ConclusionSafety and usefulness of EBUS‐TBNA in older people were comparable with those in younger people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 986–992.
Corticosteroids injection in rotator cuff tears in elderly patient: Pain outcome prediction
Authors: Gialanella Bernardo , Bertolinelli Maurizio 
Published: March 2013

AimThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of corticosteroids intra‐articular injections on pain in patients with rotator cuff tear (RCT), and to identify predictors for pain outcomes.MethodsA total of 60 patients with RCT were enrolled. All patients underwent rehabilitation; 20 patients received a single intra‐articular injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide and 20 patients had a repeat injection at a 21‐day interval. Backward stepwise regression analysis was used to predict effectiveness and improvement of pain. The independent variables were age, sex, symptom duration, tear size, passive range of motion (ROM), active ROM, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs request, pain at rest, number of triamcinolone injections and severity of osteoarthritis at admission.ResultsAt 3 and 6 months, patients who received triamcinolone had higher effectiveness and improvement in pain during activities and pain at night than those of control group. At the 3‐month interval post‐therapy, active ROM was the only predictor for effectiveness in pain during activity, effectiveness in pain at night and improvement in pain at night. Six months after therapy, active ROM was a predictor for improvement in pain at night. Age was a predictor for effectiveness in pain at night, whereas tear size of RCT was a predictor for effectiveness and improvement in pain during activity.ConclusionsCorticosteroids can relieve pain in RCT. Active ROM is the most important predictor of pain outcomes. This finding can be useful to physicians when deciding on the type of patients who might best benefit from intra‐articular injections of corticosteroids. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 993–1001.
Quality of water in hemodialysis centers in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Al‐Naseri Saadi K. , Mahdi Zinah Mohammed , Hashim Mohammed Fawzi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDialysis water quality is one of the important parameters all over the world because of its direct influence on the health of kidney patients. In Iraq, there are more than 20 dialysis centers; most of them contain identical units for the production of dialysis water. In this work, the quality of water used for dialysis in six dialysis centers located within Baghdad hospitals was evaluated. Samples of product water from each of the six dialysis centers were examined for total heterotrophic bacteria, endotoxin, and chemical contaminants. Endotoxin was measured on‐site using a portable instrument. Bacteriological and chemical examinations were done in the laboratory after collecting samples from each dialysis center. The results showed a fluctuation in the produced water quality that makes the produced water unaccepted when compared with international standards. Bacterial counts for 60% of the analyzed samples were above the action level (50 colony‐forming units[CFU]/mL), while five out of the six dialysis centers showed values higher than the maximum value (100 CFU/mL). Chemical analysis showed that the dialysis water quality suffers from elevated aluminum concentration for all dialysis centers. All hemodialysis centers need thorough monitoring and preventive maintenance to ensure good water quality. In addition, it is important to revise the design of the water treatment units according to the feed and product water quality.
A multidisciplinary quality improvement educational initiative to improve the rate of deep-vein thrombosis prophylaxis
Authors: Vyas Deepti , Bearelly Dilip , Boshard Barbara 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Purpose
To describe a quality improvement initiative to improve deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis rates among hospitalized medicine patients.

Methods
A standardized admission order-set with an embedded risk-assessment tool and DVT prophylaxis orders was developed.

Results
An audit 2 months after the intervention showed the use of optimal DVT prophylaxis was 91%, an increase from 75%. Chart review 1 year after the implementation of the order-set revealed that the increase in DVT prophylaxis was sustained at 95%.

Conclusion
The use of formalized quality improvement methods to implement an intervention is effective in changing physician behaviour.
Prevalence of depression in patients referred with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Douglas N. , Young A. , Roebuck T. , Ho S. , Miller B. R. , Kee K. , Dabscheck E. J. , Naughton M. T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and AimsDepression and obstructive sleep apnoea are two common entities, with common symptoms that make identification of either condition difficult. Our aim was to examine, within a group of patients referred with snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea, (i) the prevalence of depression with the 14‐question Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), (ii) the correlation between the two lead depression symptoms from the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and HADS, and (iii) the relationship between depression symptoms with physiological markers of OSA.MethodsAn observational study of depression questionnaires in patients referred because of snoring to a sleep clinic within university‐affiliated public teaching hospital.ResultsNinety‐seven per cent of 240 patients approached responded, and 32% had a positive HADS (score >16/42). The HADS and MINI significantly correlated (r = 0.736, P < 0.001). Fifty‐three per cent had either doctor‐diagnosed depression (28%) and/or a positive HADS or MINI (25%). HADS correlated with the degree of sleepiness (r = 0.252, P < 0.0001) and inversely with hypoxaemia (r=‐0.231, P < 0.0003) but not with the frequency of apnoeas and hypopnoeas (r = 0.116, P > 0.05).ConclusionDepending on classification, 32–53% of patients with snoring had depressive symptoms or were on treatment, which is significantly greater than the Australian average of 21%. A simplified depression questionnaire was validated. Severity of depression correlated with sleepiness and hypoxaemia but not with severity of sleep apnoea.
Implementing Extended Producer Responsibility Legislation
Authors: Gui Luyi , Atasu Atalay , Ergun Özlem , Toktay L. Beril 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe goal of this article is to contribute to the understanding of how the multiple, and sometimes conflicting, stakeholder perspectives and prevailing conditions (economic, geographic, etc.) in the implementation locality shape extended producer responsibility (EPR) “on the ground.” We provide an in‐depth examination of the implementation dimension of EPR in a specific case study by examining concrete activities at the operational front of the collection and recycling system, and probing the varying stakeholder preferences that have driven a specific system to its status quo. To this end, we conduct a detailed case study of the Washington State EPR implementation for electronic waste. We provide an overview of various stakeholder perspectives and their implications for the attainment of EPR policy objectives in practice. These findings shed light on the intrinsic complexity of EPR implementation. We conclude with recommendations on how to achieve effective and efficient EPR implementation, including improving design incentives, incorporating reuse and refurbishing, expanding product scope, managing downstream material flows, and promoting operational efficiency via fair cost allocation design.