bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noble‐Metal‐Free NiS/C3N4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water
Authors: Hong Jindui , Wang Yongsheng , Wang Yabo , Zhang Wei , Xu Rong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe front cover artwork for issue 12/2013 is provided by the group of Rong Xu at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. The image shows how a photocatalyst based on earth‐abundant elements only can contribute to a sustainable society. The Full Paper itself is available on page 2263 (10.1002/cssc.201300647).
Nondetection sampling bias in marked presence‐only data
Authors: Hefley Trevor J. , Tyre Andrew J. , Baasch David M. , Blankenship Erin E. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Species distribution models (SDM) are tools used to determine environmental features that influence the geographic distribution of species' abundance and have been used to analyze presence‐only records. Analysis of presence‐only records may require correction for nondetection sampling bias to yield reliable conclusions. In addition, individuals of some species of animals may be highly aggregated and standard SDMs ignore environmental features that may influence aggregation behavior.

We contend that nondetection sampling bias can be treated as missing data. Statistical theory and corrective methods are well developed for missing data, but have been ignored in the literature on SDMs. We developed a marked inhomogeneous Poisson point process model that accounted for nondetection and aggregation behavior in animals and tested our methods on simulated data.

Correcting for nondetection sampling bias requires estimates of the probability of detection which must be obtained from auxiliary data, as presence‐only data do not contain information about the detection mechanism. Weighted likelihood methods can be used to correct for nondetection if estimates of the probability of detection are available. We used an inhomogeneous Poisson point process model to model group abundance, a zero‐truncated generalized linear model to model group size, and combined these two models to describe the distribution of abundance. Our methods performed well on simulated data when nondetection was accounted for and poorly when detection was ignored.

We recommend researchers consider the effects of nondetection sampling bias when modeling species distributions using presence‐only data. If information about the detection process is available, we recommend researchers explore the effects of nondetection and, when warranted, correct the bias using our methods. We developed our methods to analyze opportunistic presence‐only records of whooping cranes (Grus americana), but expect that our methods will be useful to ecologists analyzing opportunistic presence‐only records of other species of animals.
Invariant chain as a vehicle to load antigenic peptides on human MHC class I for cytotoxic T‐cell activation
Authors: Wälchli Sébastien , Kumari Shraddha , Fallang Lars‐Egil , Sand Kine M. K. , Yang Weiwen , Landsverk Ole J. B. , Bakke Oddmund , Olweus Johanna , Gregers Tone F. 
Published: December 2013

Protective T‐cell responses depend on efficient presentation of antigen (Ag) in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) and class II (MHCII) molecules. Invariant chain (Ii) serves as a chaperone for MHCII molecules and mediates trafficking to the endosomal pathway. The genetic exchange of the class II‐associated Ii peptide (CLIP) with antigenic peptides has proven efficient for loading of MHCII and activation of specific CD4+ T cells. Here, we investigated if Ii could similarly activate human CD8+ T cells when used as a vehicle for cytotoxic T‐cell (CTL) epitopes. The results show that wild type Ii, and Ii in which CLIP was replaced by known CTL epitopes from the cancer targets MART‐1 or CD20, coprecipitated with HLA‐A*02:01 and mediated colocalization in the endosomal pathway. Furthermore, HLA‐A*02:01‐positive cells expressing CLIP‐replaced Ii efficiently activated Ag‐specific CD8+ T cells in a TAP‐ and proteasome‐independent manner. Finally, dendritic cells transfected with mRNA encoding IiMART‐1 or IiCD20 primed naïve CD8+ T cells. The results show that Ii carrying antigenic peptides in the CLIP region can promote efficient presentation of the epitopes to CTLs independently of the classical MHCI peptide loading machinery, facilitating novel vaccination strategies against cancer.
Mir‐155, a central modulator of T‐cell responses
Authors: Lind Evan F. , Ohashi Pamela S. 
Published: December 2013

The activation of T cells is a tightly regulated process that has evolved to maximize protective immune responses to pathogens while minimizing damage to self‐tissues. A delicate balance of cell‐intrinsic, costimulatory, and transcriptional pathways as well as micro‐environmental cues such as local cytokines controls the magnitude and nature of T‐cell responses in vivo. The discovery of functional small noncoding RNAs called micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) has introduced new mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of protein translation and cellular responses to stimuli. miRNAs are short (approximately 22 bp) RNA species, which bind to mRNAs and suppress translation. Due to their short length and imperfect base pairing requirements, each miRNA has the potential to regulate various pathways through the translational inhibition of multiple mRNAs. The human and mouse genomes each encode hundreds of miRNAs, and studying the function of miRNAs has led to the realization that they play important roles in diverse biological processes from development and cancer to immunity. This review focuses on the function of mir‐155 in T cells and the impact of this miRNA on autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and pathogen‐induced immunity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dithia[3.3]metaparacyclophane‐Bridged Dimetallic Ruthenium Acetylide Complexes
Authors: Xia Jianlong , Ou Ya‐Ping , Meng Xiang‐Gao , Yin Jun , Yu Guang‐ao , Liu Sheng Hua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFour dithia[3.3]metaparacyclophane‐bridged dimetallic ruthenium acetylide complexes (1–4), in which the cyclophane units exhibit characteristic edge‐to‐face interactions between the top and bottom aromatic decks, have been designed, synthesized, and structurally characterized. X‐ray diffraction analysis of 1–3 revealed that effective edge‐to‐face interactions exist in the solid state. IR spectroelectrochemical results suggest that the dithia[3.3]metaparacyclophane bridging ligands are redox‐noninnocent. The UV/Vis/NIR spectra of 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+ display characteristic band envelopes, and the deconvoluted multiple transitions have been assigned with the aid of DFT calculations to combinations of metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer (LLCT) with appreciable contributions from transannular π–π transitions, especially for 3+ and 4+.
Cobalt(II)–Lanthanide(III) Heterometallic Metal–Organic Frameworks with Unique (6,6)‐Connected Nia Topologies with 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic Acid: Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zou Ji‐Yong , Shi Wei , Xu Na , Gao Hong‐Ling , Cui Jian‐Zhong , Cheng Peng 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFour isostructural cobalt(II)–lanthanide(III) heterometallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), formulated as {[(CH3)2NH2]3[Co3Ln(tda)3(HCOO)3] 2H2O 0.75dmf}n [Ln = Eu (Co‐Eu), Gd (Co‐Gd), Tb (Co‐Tb), and Dy (Co‐Dy); H3tda = 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid] have been successfully synthesized and structurally characterized in detail. In these Co‐Ln heterometallic MOFs, three neighboring CoII ions are connected by HCOO– anions to form triangular [Co3(HCO2)3]3+ clusters. The equivalent triangular [Co3(HCO2)3]3+ clusters are connected by six tda3– anions to generate a 1D trigonal prismatic chain, which are further interconnected through LnIII ions to give unique 3D (6,6)‐connected nia nets with the Schläfli symbol of (412 63) (49 66). The magnetic properties of the four isostructural Co‐Ln heterometallic MOFs have also been studied.
Helical‐Chiral Small Molecules in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Narcis Maurice J. , Takenaka Norito 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe design, synthesis and study of novel catalyst structures have had an enormous impact on asymmetric synthesis and continue to be a field of intense interest. Molecules with helical structures have fascinated chemists in the field for many years because such molecules are inherently chiral. A number of small molecules with such unique topology have been prepared in an optically active form and exploited as asymmetric catalysts. The story behind the development of these molecules is usually different in each case, in part due to differences in their synthetic accessibilities. This microreview provides some examples that illustrate the different ways in which such helical‐chiral small molecules can be synthesized and used to catalyze reactions of interest, and highlights the beneficial effect of helical‐chiral catalysts.
Tandem Processes in C‐Aryl Ketenes and Ketenimines Triggered by [1,5]‐Hydride‐Like Migration of an Acetalic Hydrogen Atom
Authors: Vidal Angel , Marin‐Luna Marta , Alajarin Mateo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHeating a range of suitably substituted diazoacetoacetates produced a family of 2‐(1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl)phenyl ketenes that, under thermal conditions, smoothly underwent a [1,5]‐H shift/6π‐electrocyclic ring‐closure sequence to give 1H‐2‐benzopyrans. The application of such processes to ketenes, produced by replacing the phenyl scaffolding with a thiophene ring, afforded thienopyrans. The aza‐Wittig reaction of these 2‐(1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl)phenyl and thienyl ketenes with N‐aryliminophosphoranes provided analogous ketenimines that transform into the respective 1(2H)isoquinolinones and thienopyridinones under similar thermal conditions, following the same type of cascade sequence.
Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles through Oxidation of C–H Bonds Adjacent to Oxygen Atoms
Authors: Gu Lijun , Wang Wei , Xiong Yong , Huang Xiangzhong , Li Ganpeng 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA practical and simple synthesis of benzoxazoles from easily available substrates was developed. The protocol is triggered by an iron‐catalyzed tandem oxidative process from simple ether derivatives.
Development of a disc cutter force and face monitoring system for mechanized tunnelling / Ortsbrustmonitoring und Leistungsprognose bei TBM‐Vortrieben
Authors: Entacher Martin , Galler Robert 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe loading on the tools of a TBM can usually only be estimated through the global thrust force, which gives a typical force of about 250 kN for 17” discs. The actual loading is however highly variable, with peak loads that can be many times the nominal load. In the present paper the development and implementation of a method is presented, which makes it possible to measure disc forces in‐situ and in real time. It turns out that the measured forces are unevenly distributed over the area of the face and can be correlated with geological/geotechnical features in the face. Furthermore, a method is presented which makes it possible to document the face photographically. Single images or videos are combined to an overall image by means of digital image processing. The quality of the pictures obtained in this way can provide a significant improvement of the geological documentation of TBM drives.Die Belastungen von TBM‐Abbauwerkzeugen können in der Regel nur über die globale Vorschubkraft abgeschätzt werden, woraus sich eine durchschnittliche Anpresskraft von etwa 250 kN für 17”‐Disken ergibt. Die tatsächliche Belastung ist jedoch stark ungleichmäßig mit Spitzenkräften, die ein Vielfaches der nominellen Last betragen können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Entwicklung und Implementierung einer Messmethodik vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht Diskenkräfte in situ und in Echtzeit zu messen. Es zeigt sich, dass die gemessenen Kräfte ungleich über die Ortsbrust verteilt sind und mit geologisch/geotechnischen Merkmalen der Ortsbrust korreliert werden können. Darüber hinaus wird eine Methodik präsentiert, die es ermöglicht, die Ortsbrust fotografisch zu dokumentieren. Dabei werden einzelne Bilder oder Videos mittels Methoden der digitalen Bildverarbeitung zu einem Gesamtbild zusammengesetzt. Die Qualität der Bilder ist geeignet, die geologische Dokumentation bei TBM‐Vortrieben wesentlich zu verbessern.
The logistical challenges of the long tunnel drives on contract KAT 2 / Die logistischen Herausforderungen der langen Tunnelvortriebe des Bauloses KAT 2
Authors: Köpf Manfred , Uschan Robert , Goliasch Robert 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe largest construction lot of the Koralmtunnel project, which will be executed by the joint venture KAT 2 (Strabag – Jäger Bau), has been under construction for almost three years. The key tasks thus far were the edification of the twin shafts to a depth of 60 m, approximately 4.5 km tunnel by drill and blasting, the assembling and implementing of the two tunnel boring machines, as well as the installation of the above‐ and underground logistic‐infrastructure. This report describes the development of the logistics concepts, the work preparation for the maximum excavation length of up to 17 km, as well as the first experiences of their implementation.Das größte Baulos des Koralmtunnels, ausgeführt von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft KAT 2, Strabag – Jäger Bau, ist mittlerweile zweieinhalb Jahre in der Bauausführung. Die bisherigen Schlüsselaufgaben waren die Herstellung des 60 m tiefen Bauschachtes, ca. 4, 5 km zyklische Vortriebe, die Montage und Inbetriebnahme der beiden Tunnelbohrmaschinen, sowie die Herstellung der Logistik Infrastruktur Ober‐ und Untertage. Der Bericht beschreibt die Entwicklung des Logistikkonzeptes, die Planung dessen bis zur maximalen Vortriebslänge von bis zu 17 km, sowie die ersten Erfahrungen der Umsetzung.
SBTn basic surveying for tunnelling / SBTn Grundlagenvermessung für den Tunnelvortrieb
Authors: Macheiner Klaus , Döller Herbert , Jachs Wilhelm , Kienast Gerhard , Kühtreiber Norbert , Eder Arnold , Fleckl‐Ernst Johannes 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMajor tunnel projects like the new Semmering Base Tunnel require intensive design work long before construction can start. Design work is based on basic surveying, which is subject to particular requirements on major projects of engineering geodesy. The most important basis is a homogeneous and stress‐free basic control network for position and height, represented by suitable stabilised points. The conception and implementation of this basic control network poses stringent requirements for the surveyor. On the one hand, great precision and reliability are required, and on the other hand design requirements have to be considered along with the numerous geodetic and geophysical considerations. The most challenging work, which has to be undertaken above ground for the later tunnelling works, is described in detail in this articleGroße Tunnelbauvorhaben wie der neue Semmering Basistunnel erfordern bereits lange vor der Realisierung intensive Planungsarbeiten. Grundlage für alle Planungstätigkeiten sind Vermessungsgrundlagen, an die bei ingenieurgeodätischen Großprojekten besondere Anforderungen gestellt werden. Die wichtigste Basis ist ein homogenes und spannungsfreies Grundlagennetz in Lage und Höhe, das durch geeignet stabilisierte Punkte repräsentiert wird. Die Konzeption und Realisierung dieses Grundlagennetzes stellt hohe Anforderungen an den Vermessungsingenieur. Zum einen ist höchste Präzision und Zuverlässigkeit gefordert, zum anderen sind neben zahlreichen geodätischen und geophysikalischen Rahmenbedingungen auch Vorgaben aus der Projektierung zu berücksichtigen. Die herausfordernden Arbeiten, die bei der übertägigen Grundlagenvermessung für den späteren Tunnelvortrieb notwendig sind, werden in diesem Beitrag ausführlich dokumentiert.
The main Koralm Tunnel contracts – current state of works / Die Großbaulose des Koralmtunnels – Aktueller Stand der Arbeiten
Authors: Harer Gerhard , Schneider Klaus M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe twin‐tube Koralm Tunnel with a length of about 32.9 km is the key structure on the new high‐speed line between Graz and Klagenfurt. The Koralm Tunnel passes through the mountain massif of the Koralpe with a maximum overburden of about 1,200 m. The two tunnel bores have a standard inner radius of 3.95 m and run at a spacing of about 40 m, connected by cross‐passages every 500 m. In the middle of the tunnel is an emergency station. Construction works on the main contracts started with the completion of investigation works at the end of 2008. The structure of the tunnel should be completed by 2019 with the start of operation being planned for 2023.Der zweiröhrige Koralmtunnel stellt mit einer Länge von rund 32,9 km das Kernstück der neuen Eisenbahnhochleistungsstrecke zwischen Graz und Klagenfurt dar. Der Koralmtunnel durchquert das Gebirgsmassiv der Koralpe bei einer maximalen Überlagerung von etwa 1.200 m. Die beiden Tunnelröhren weisen einen Regel‐Innenradius von 3,95 m auf, verlaufen mit einem Achsabstand von rund 40 m und sind alle 500 m über Querschläge miteinander verbunden. In Tunnelmitte ist eine Nothaltestelle situiert. Die Bauarbeiten für die Hauptbaulose wurden nach Abschluss der Erkundungsarbeiten Ende 2008 aufgenommen. Der Tunnelrohbau soll bis 2019 abgeschlossen sein. Nach der bahntechnischen Ausrüstung, Inbetriebnahme und Inbetriebsetzung ist die Gesamtinbetriebnahme im Jahr 2023 vorgesehen.
Special features of tendering contract SBT2.1 – Fröschnitzgraben Tunnel / Besonderheiten der Ausschreibung des Bauloses SBT2.1 – Tunnel Fröschnitzgraben
Authors: Daller Josef , Nipitsch Gernot , Wagner Oliver K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe first call for tenders for the three tunnelling contracts of the New Semmering Base Tunnel is one of the highest value tendering processes in the Second Austrian Republic. The enormous magnitude of the construction works and access and development of the site for the tunnelling works represent a great logistical challenge. This situation also had to be considered in the form of contract.Die erste Ausschreibung für die drei Tunnelbaulose des Semmering‐Basistunnels neu ist eines der höchsten Vergabeverfahren der Zweiten Republik. Der enorme Bauumfang sowie die Erschließung der Baustelle und der Vortriebe stellen eine große logistische Herausforderung dar. Diesem Umstand musste auch in der Vertragsgestaltung Rechnung getragen werden.
Digital Storytelling in a Place‐Based Composition Course
Authors: Chisholm James S. , Trent Brandie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough the study of place in the fields of composition and education has a long and compelling history, the concept has taken on increased importance in today's digital landscape. As perceptions of places shift, we're challenged to understand how and which places shape who we are. Due to its potential power to leverage student choice, personal experience, and reflections on identity and to meet the assessment demands of contemporary educational policies, we designed a 10th‐grade composition course around the concept of place. In this case study we describe how one high school student—Riley—engaged with the concept of place over the course of an academic trimester. Multimodal analyses of Riley's digital story illustrate how she engaged in a 21st century literacy practice that demanded her fluency beyond reading and writing print texts to consider how multiple layers of meaning were recast across linguistic, visual, and aural semiotic modes.
Reimagining Multiliteracies: A Response to Leander and Boldt
Authors: Jacobs Gloria E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this column, the author considers critiques of multiliteracies in light of the impact of the seminal article, A Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing Social Futures. The author argues that the concept of multiliteracies has been reified and the original meaning of multi has been lost over the years. Particular attention is paid to Leander and Boldt's 2013 article that critiques the multiliteracies framework as being text‐centric and overly rational. Consideration of Leander and Boldt's argument indicates that the multiliteracies framework should be used judiciously when analyzing youth's interactions with texts. Additionally, the author suggest that it is time to reimagine multiliteracies if we are to move forward in supporting youth as they develop the skills to thrive in an information based, multiliterate world.
Expanding What It Means to Make Evidence‐Based Claims
Authors: Chandler‐Olcott Kelly 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article argues that exploration of media coverage of a story like the Boston Marathon bombings, including online comments posted by readers, can support youth in reflecting on and thinking critically about a tragedy while offering opportunities for literacy pedagogy consistent with the goals of the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts & Literacy. Instructional recommendations for this exploration are grounded in the author's experience co‐teaching ninth graders in an urban high school. The article concludes with discussion of how some CCSS interpretations and implementation strategies may undermine such efforts if literacy educators do not insist upon 21st century framings for their work.
Water‐Soluble and Recyclable Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine for Suzuki Coupling Reaction
Authors: Li Yang , Fu Zhihua , Rao Lu , Wang Li , Li Rui , Li Tiesheng , Wu Yangjie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA series of new water‐soluble cyclopalladated ferrocenylimines were designed and prepared. They were efficient catalyst for Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl bromides and phenylboronic acid in neat water under ambient atmosphere. Among of these catalysts, the catalyst (C2D) could be reused for 6 times for the Suzuki coupling reaction of 4‐bromotoluene with phenylboronic acid in EtOH/H2O under ambient atmosphere, in which no significant loss activity of C2D was observed.
Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus over three consecutive seasons in Latvia
Authors: Balmaks Reinis , Ribakova Irina , Gardovska Dace , Kazaks Andris 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLower respiratory tract infections caused by the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) represent an immense burden of the disease, especially in young children. This study aimed to investigate the evolutionary history of HRSV strains isolated in the Children's Clinical University Hospital (Riga, Latvia) over three consecutive HRSV seasons. Of 207 samples from children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections, 88 (42.5%) tested positive for HRSV by RT‐PCR. The seasonal activity started and peaked later than the average for the Northern hemisphere. Patients with HRSV lower respiratory tract infection were significantly younger than patients not infected with HRSV. HRSV‐A viruses predominated for two consecutive seasons and were followed by an HRSV‐B dominant season. Phylogenetic analysis based on glycoprotein G gene partial sequences revealed that viruses of both groups belonged to the worldwide dominant genotypes NA1 (HRSV‐A) and BA‐IV (HRSV‐B). High diversity of this gene was driven only partially by selection pressure, as only two positively selected sites were identified in each group.Two of the HRSV‐A isolates in this study contained a 72‐nt duplication in the C‐terminal end of the G gene (genotype ON1) that was first described in Canada in the 2010–2011 season. Initial spatial and temporal dynamics of this novel genotype were reconstructed by discrete phylogeographic analysis. Fifteen years after acquiring comparable 60‐nt duplication in the G gene, genotype BA lineages have replaced all other HRSV‐B strains. However, the population size of genotype ON1 plateaued soon and even decreased slightly before the beginning of the 2012–2013 season. J. Med. Virol. 86:1971–1982, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.