bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eya4 Induces Hypertrophy via Regulation of p27
kip1
Authors: Williams Tatjana , Hundertmark Moritz , Nordbeck Peter , Voll Sabine , Arias-Loza Paula Anahi , Oppelt Daniel , Mühlfelder Melanie , Schraut Susanna , Elsner Ines , Czolbe Martin , Seidlmayer Lea , Heinze Britta , Hahner Stefanie , Heinze Katrin , Schönberger Jost , Jakob Peter , Ritter Oliver 
Published: October 2015

Background—
E193, a heterozygous truncating mutation in the human transcription cofactor Eyes absent 4 (Eya4), causes hearing impairment followed by dilative cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results—

In this study, we first show Eya4 and E193 alter the expression of p27

kip1

in vitro, suggesting Eya4 is a negative regulator of p27. Next, we generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of Eya4 or E193. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed Eya4 and E193 bind and regulate p27 expression in a contradictory manner. Activity and phosphorylation status of the downstream molecules casein kinase-2α and histone deacetylase 2 were significantly elevated in Eya4- but significantly reduced in E193-overexpressing animals compared with wild-type littermates. Magnetic resonance imaging and hemodynamic analysis indicate Eya4-overexpression results in an age-dependent development of hypertrophy already under baseline conditions with no obvious functional effects, whereas E193 animals develop onset of dilative cardiomyopathy as seen in human E193 patients. Both cardiac phenotypes were aggravated on pressure overload. Finally, we identified a new heterozygous truncating Eya4 mutation, E215, which leads to similar clinical features of disease and a stable myocardial expression of the mutant protein as seen with E193.

Conclusions—
Our results implicate Eya4/Six1 regulates normal cardiac function via p27/casein kinase-2α/histone deacetylase 2 and indicate that mutations within this transcriptional complex and signaling cascade lead to the development of cardiomyopathy.
Simultaneous Biatrial High-Density (510–512 Electrodes) Epicardial Mapping of Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients
Authors: Lee Seungyup , Sahadevan Jayakumar , Khrestian Celeen M. , Cakulev Ivan , Markowitz Alan , Waldo Albert L. 
Published: October 2015

Background—
The mechanism(s) of persistent and long-standing persistent (LSP) atrial fibrillation (AF) is/are poorly understood. We performed high-density, simultaneous, biatrial, epicardial mapping of persistent and LSP AF in patients undergoing open heart surgery (1) to test the hypothesis that persistent and LSP AF are due to ≥1 drivers, either focal or reentrant, and (2) to characterize associated atrial activation.

Methods and Results—
Twelve patients with persistent and LSP AF (1 month to 9 years duration) were studied at open heart surgery. During AF, electrograms were recorded from both atria simultaneously for 1 to 5 minutes from 510 to 512 epicardial electrodes with ECG lead II. Thirty-two consecutive seconds of activation sequence maps were produced per patient. During AF, multiple foci (QS unipolar atrial electrograms) of different cycle lengths (mean, 175±18 ms) were present in both atria in 11 of 12 patients. Foci (2–4 per patient, duration 5–32 s) were either sustained or intermittent, were predominantly found in the lateral left atrial free wall, and likely acted as drivers. Random and nonrandom breakthrough activation sites (initial r or R in unipolar atrial electrograms) were also found. In 1 of 12 patients, only breakthrough sites were found. All wave fronts emanated from foci and breakthrough sites, and largely either collided or merged with each other at variable sites. Repetitive focal QS activation occasionally generated repetitive wannabe reentrant activation in 5 of 12 patients. No actual reentry was found.

Conclusions—
During persistent and LSP AF in 12 patients, wave fronts emanating from foci and breakthrough sites maintained AF. No reentry was demonstrated.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection With Arthroscopic Acromioplasty for Chronic Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Carr Andrew J. , Murphy Richard , Dakin Stephanie G. , Rombach Ines , Wheway Kim , Watkins Bridget , Franklin Sarah L. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed to augment tendon healing through improving tissue structure during the initial repair phase. Purpose: To investigate both the clinical and tissue effects of the coapplication of PRP injection with arthroscopic acromioplasty (AA) in patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy. Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: The study comprised 60 randomized patients diagnosed with rotator cuff tendinopathy (55% women) aged between 35 and 75 years. Patients were randomized to AA alone or in combination with an injection of autologous PRP into the subacromial bursa (AA + PRP). Efficacy of treatment was assessed by analysis of patient-reported outcomes up to 2 years after treatment (Oxford Shoulder Score [OSS]) and by analysis of tendon biopsy specimens taken 12 weeks after treatment. Results: There was no significant difference in the OSS between AA alone and AA + PRP at any time point in the study. From 12 weeks onward, there was a significant increase in the OSS for both groups compared with their baseline scores ( P < .001). Bonar scoring determined no significant change in tissue structure with the coapplication of PRP compared with surgery alone. The number of blood vessels and tendon cellularity were significantly decreased in tissue biopsy specimens taken from PRP-treated patients. The expression of p53-positive apoptotic cells increased after AA + PRP but decreased after AA alone. Conclusion: Arthroscopic acromioplasty significantly improves long-term clinical outcomes up to 2 years. The coapplication of PRP did not affect clinical outcomes. PRP significantly alters the tissue characteristics in tendons after surgery with reduced cellularity and vascularity and increased levels of apoptosis. Clinical Relevance: The coapplication of PRP did not improve clinical outcomes and may have potential deleterious effects on healing tendons. Registry Number: ISRCTN 10464365
Aboriginal involvement in caring-for-country: an economic case study in primary preventative health
Authors: Campbell David 
Published: October 2015

Objective: Firstly, to demonstrate the involvement of Aboriginal people in caring-for-country as a case study of how appropriately targeted non-medical primary preventative health strategies can be a cost-effective approach to addressing chronic disease among Indigenous people. Secondly, to demonstrate the use of an analogous approach in addressing the global chronic disease pandemic. Method: A review of prior biomedical and economic research based on the involvement of Aboriginal people in caring-for-country is used to: (a) exemplifying the cost effectiveness of a non-medical preventative health intervention; and (b) the process by which such an approach might be applied across a broader context. Results: The presented results demonstrate one non-medical primary preventative health approach to addressing the health burden affecting Indigenous peoples. Conclusions: The suggested steps in optimising the cost effectiveness of such an approach demonstrate how it could be applied in addressing the global chronic disease pandemic.
Graduate-entry medical students: older and wiser but not less distressed
Authors: Casey Dion , Thomas Susan , Hocking Darren R , Kemp-Casey Anna 
Published: October 2015

Objectives: Australia has a growing number of graduate-entry medical courses. It is known that undergraduate medical students have high levels of psychological distress; however, little is known about graduate-entry medical students. We examined whether graduate-entry medical students had higher levels of psychological distress than the same-age general population. Method: Psychological distress was assessed in 122 graduate-entry medical students in an Australian graduate-entry medical school using the 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. Mean scores and the proportion of students with scores in the highly distressed range were compared with non-clinical population norms. Scores were also compared across demographic characteristics. Results: Medical students reported higher mean depression, anxiety and stress scores than the general population and were more likely to score in the moderate to extremely high range for anxiety (45% vs. 13%; p<0.001) and stress (17% vs. 13%; p=0.003). Anxiety and stress were higher in students aged ≥30 years than in younger students. Conclusions: Despite their maturity, graduate-entry students experienced high psychological distress. Anxiety and stress were higher, not lower, with increasing age. Our results suggest that graduate-entry medical students warrant the same level of concern as their school-leaving counterparts. Further interventions to support these students during medical school are warranted.
Effects of comprehensive intensive therapies on the change of intima-media thickness of carotid arteries in type 2 diabetic patients: A report of 4-year follow-up with a literature review
Authors: Cheng Li-Juan , Xu Zhe-Rong , Zhang Qin , Wang Zhao-Di , Wu Fang-Wei , Yang Wei-Xia 
Published: October 2015

Background: The aim was to evaluate the effect of comprehensive intensive therapy on the carotid and femoral arteries of intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 4-year follow-up. Methods: In this prospective 4-year study, patients (N = 210) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes received either comprehensive intensive therapy (n = 110) or conventional therapy (n = 100). Blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid levels were monitored every 3–6 months, and carotid and femoral arteries of intima-media thickness were monitored with ultrasonography. For the literature review, various databases were searched until 20 December 2014 for studies that evaluated effects of intensive multi-factorial therapies on comprehensive intensive therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Results: The comprehensive intensive therapy group had a smaller rate of carotid intima-media thickness increase than the conventional therapy (control) group ( p < 0.05). The carotid intima-media thickness in comprehensive intensive therapy group remained stable while the adjusted rate of carotid intima-media thickness increase was 12.55% in the control group. The femoral intima-media thickness change was also smaller in comprehensive intensive therapy group but the difference over time did not reach significance. Conclusion: The carotid intima-media thickness remained stable in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received comprehensive intensive therapy, suggesting that multi-factorial intensive therapies might have potential in reducing macro-vascular events in these patients.
Fighting, worrying and sharing: Operation ‘Protective Edge’ as the first WhatsApp war
Authors: Malka Vered , Ariel Yaron , Avidar Ruth 
Published: October 2015

This study looks at the roles that WhatsApp, the popular smartphone application, played in the lives of Israeli citizens, who were exposed to war menaces during July 2014. During the war, WhatsApp became the subject of public, media, and political discourse, especially within the context of disseminating information related to combat – ‘authentic’ news items (before they were published in the media) alongside rumors that were devoid of factual basis. Research questions focused on the ways in which citizens used the application, the attributed effects of that usage on their lives, and the possible connections between proximity of residence to combat areas, patterns of usage, and perceived implications. Data are based on a representative survey of 500 Israeli citizens aged 16–75, all of whom are smartphone users (maximum sample error 4.5%). The survey was conducted during the third week of the military operation ‘Protective Edge’, which took place between Israel and Hamas in the summer of 2014. The authors’ findings suggest that WhatsApp played a central multi-functional role in the lives of its users during the wartime, functioning as a mass as well as interpersonal communication channel. Participants used the application on a daily basis for various purposes: getting news and updates regarding the war; checking on their loved ones; delivering humorous satirical messages; spreading war-related rumors; and helping to promote voluntary aid initiations. Users expressed their beliefs that the application enabled them to stay updated and ‘in the know’, helped them calm down, and deepened their communal and national sentiments. While findings regarding WhatsApp and similar applications usages have been collected for the last few years, this research exposes its centrality under extreme circumstances. Further on, this work suggests that WhatsApp may be thought of as a unique combination of mass and interpersonal communication channels.
Delivery of HIV Transmission Risk-Reduction Services by HIV Care Providers in the United States—2013
Authors: Beer Linda , Weiser John , West Brady T. , Duke Chris , Gremel Garrett , Skarbinski Jacek 
Published: October 2015

Objectives: Evidence-based guidelines have long recommended that HIV care providers deliver HIV transmission risk-reduction (RR) services, but recent data are needed to assess their adoption. Methods: The authors surveyed a probability sample of 1234 US HIV care providers on delivery of 9 sexual behavior– and 7 substance use–related HIV transmission RR services and created an indicator of “adequate” delivery of services in each area, defined as performing approximately 70% or more of applicable services. Results: Providers were most likely to encourage patients to disclose HIV status to all partners since HIV diagnosis (81%) and least likely to ask about disclosure to new sex and drug injection partners at follow-up visits (both 41%). Adequate delivery of sexual behavior– and substance use–related RR services was low (37% and 43%, respectively). Conclusion: The majority of US HIV care providers may need additional support to improve delivery of comprehensive HIV transmission RR services.
The generalized viscosity implicit rules of nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Ke Yifen , Ma Changfeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe generalized viscosity implicit rules of nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces are established. The strong convergence theorems of the rules are proved under certain assumptions imposed on the sequences of parameters. The results presented in this paper extend and improve the main results of Refs. (Moudafi in J. Math. Anal. Appl. 241:46-55, 2000; Xu et al. in Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2015:41, 2015). Moreover, applications to a more general system of variational inequalities, the constrained convex minimization problem and K-mapping are included.
Hox11genes regulate postnatal longitudinal bone growth and growth plate proliferation
Authors: Pineault Kyriel M. , Swinehart Ilea T. , Garthus Kayla N. , Ho Edward , Yao Qing , Schipani Ernestina , Kozloff Kenneth M. , Wellik Deneen M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTHox genes are critical regulators of skeletal development and Hox9-13 paralogs, specifically, are necessary for appendicular development along the proximal to distal axis. Loss of function of both Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 results in severe malformation of the forelimb zeugopod. In the radius and ulna of these mutants, chondrocyte development is perturbed, growth plates are not established, and skeletal growth and maturation fails. In compound mutants in which one of the four Hox11 alleles remains wild-type, establishment of a growth plate is preserved and embryos develop normally through newborn stages, however, skeletal phenotypes become evident postnatally. During postnatal development, the radial and ulnar growth rate slows compared to wild-type controls and terminal bone length is reduced. Growth plate height is decreased in mutants and premature growth plate senescence occurs along with abnormally high levels of chondrocyte proliferation in the reserve and proliferative zones. Compound mutants additionally develop an abnormal curvature of the radius, which causes significant distortion of the carpal elements. The progressive bowing of the radius appears to result from physical constraint caused by the disproportionately slower growth of the ulna than the radius. Collectively, these data are consistent with premature depletion of forelimb zeugopod progenitor cells in the growth plate of Hox11 compound mutants, and demonstrate a continued function for Hox genes in postnatal bone growth and patterning.
Estágios de mudança de comportamento para atividade física em adolescentes: revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Jaqueline , Silva Kelly 
Published: October 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: ">Identificar a intenção do indivíduo em adotar um novo comportamento é uma importante estratégia para melhor compreensão do comportamento relacionado à atividade física. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os estudos que investigaram estimativas e/ou fatores associados aos estágios de mudança de comportamento para atividade física (EMC), baseados no Modelo Transteorético, em adolescentes. A busca foi realizada em cinco bases de dados (Medline/Pubmed, Sports Discus, Lilacs, PsycInfo e Google Acadêmico), com termos correspondentes aos estágios de mudança de comportamento, atividade física e adolescente (15 a 19 anos de idade), incluindo artigos publicados de 2003 a 2013. Dos 22 estudos analisados, verificou-se que grande parte deles não utilizaram amostras randomizadas (64,0%) e representativas (59,0%) da população de estudo, e analisaram os EMC de forma agrupada (50,0%). Observou-se maior prevalência de adolescentes no estágio de manutenção, com valores variando de 26,9% a 54,9%, e o estágio com menor prevalência foi o de pré-contemplação (de 0% a 20%). Nas moças, a prevalência diminuiu conforme o avançar nos estágios e observou-se situação oposta entre os rapazes. Houve associação negativa entre EMC com estado nutricional e percepção de barreiras. Foi encontrada associação positiva entre EMC com prática de atividade física, auto-eficácia, suporte social, percepção de benefícios e balança decisional. Os resultados sugerem diferenças entre sexos para os EMC e associações positivas substanciais entre variáveis psicossociais, de prática de atividade física e EMC em adolescentes. </span></p>
Associação entre prática religiosa e comportamentos de risco à saúde em adolescentes de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Santos Ana , Oliveira Luciano , Farias Júnior José , Silva Priscilla , Silva Emília , Freitas Clara 
Published: October 2015

<p class="ecxmsonormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: ";Calibri";,sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: ";Times New Roman";; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Objetivou-se analisar a associação entre a religiosidade e os comportamentos de risco à saúde (baixo nível de atividade física, consumo de álcool, drogas ilícitas, tabaco e comportamento sexual), de forma isolada e simultânea, em 6.264 adolescentes do Ensino Médio da Rede Pública no Estado de Pernambuco.<strong> </strong>Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico transversal que coletou informações por meio do questionário Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Na análise dos dados recorreu-se ao teste de qui-quadrado (<em>χ<sup>2</sup></em>) e à regressão logística binária. Os resultados revelaram que, entre os rapazes e as moças que estavam expostos aos 5 comportamentos de risco de forma simultânea, 61 e 90% (P<0,001), respectivamente, não possuíam ou não praticavam uma religião. Os adolescentes que não têm ou não praticam uma religião possuem mais chances de consumir álcool, cigarros, drogas ilícitas e ter um número elevado de parceiros sexuais, quando comparados aqueles que possuem e praticam uma determinada religião (P<0,05). Foi observado na análise ajustada que a prática de uma religião, independentemente da religião, foi considerada como fator de proteção para o consumo de álcool, cigarros, drogas ilícitas e número elevado de parceiros sexuais, quando comparados aqueles que tinham, mas não praticavam sua religião, sendo esta associação maior entre as moças que entre os rapazes. Não foi encontrada associação entre a prática religiosa e o nível de atividade física. Conclui-se que a religiosidade, independentemente da religião, mostrou-se associada à proteção aos comportamentos de risco à saúde neste grupo de adolescentes.</span></p>
Inconsistent reporting of minimally invasive surgery errors
Authors: White AD , Skelton M , Mushtaq F , Pike TW , Mon-Williams M , Lodge JPA , Wilkie RM 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a complex task requiring dexterity and high level cognitive function. Unlike surgical ‘never events’, potentially important (and frequent) manual or cognitive slips (‘technical errors’) are underresearched. Little is known about the occurrence of routine errors in MIS, their relationship to patient outcome, and whether they are reported accurately and/or consistently. Methods An electronic survey was sent to all members of the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, gathering demographic information, experience and reporting of MIS errors, and a rating of factors affecting error prevalence. Results Of 249 responses, 203 completed more than 80% of the questions regarding the surgery they had performed in the preceding 12 months. Of these, 47% reported a significant error in their own performance and 75% were aware of a colleague experiencing error. Technical skill, knowledge, situational awareness and decision making were all identified as particularly important for avoiding errors in MIS. Reporting of errors was variable: 15% did not necessarily report an intraoperative error to a patient while 50% did not consistently report at an institutional level. Critically, 12% of surgeons were unaware of the procedure for reporting a technical error and 59% felt guidance is needed. Overall, 40% believed a confidential reporting system would increase their likelihood of reporting an error. Conclusion These data indicate inconsistent reporting of operative errors, and highlight the need to better understand how and why technical errors occur in MIS. A confidential ‘no blame’ reporting system might help improve patient outcomes and avoid a closed culture that can undermine public confidence.