bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective Well Placement Optimization Considering Energy Sustainability Along With Economical Gains
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammed Abdul , Khan Rizwan Ahmed , Jamal Md Sarim 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Determining the optimum well locations while developing a field contributes significantly to efficient reservoir management. Most optimization problems have focused on maximizing the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project. However, the ultimate aim of projects differs between international and national oil companies. The primary aim of international oil companies (IOCs) is to maximize its profit (NPV). As far as a national oil company is concerned, apart from maximizing NPV one of its main objective is to sustain its resources for as long as possible by delaying abandonment i.e., national oil companies (NOCs) aim to increase the field recovery factor (RF) by maintaining a long period of plateau production.
Therefore, a multi-objective approach is presented which incorporates both NPV and RF as objective functions in well placement and rate optimization of Brugge field. The technique of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to solve the optimization problem. The search for optimum well locations was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, only NPV was used as the objective function while in the second stage it was only RF. In the third stage, objective function was a weighted sum of NPV and RF in which a set of three weights was used to describe the relative importance of NPV and RF. A comparison of how these weights affect the optimized NPV and RF values is presented.
The approach quantitatively clearly differentiates between the operating strategies of NoCs and IoCs and shows how to balance between maximizing profitability and keeping RF as stable as possible. The method takes care for both IoCs and NoCs to optimize the financial aspect (NPV) and the energy sustainability aspect (RF) of field development projects. This technique presents a realistic NPV estimation while keeping a balance in RF for both companies.
Conical Diamond Element Bit Sets New Performance Benchmarks Drilling Hard and Abrasive Formations, Offshore Netherlands
Authors: Van Heekeren H.. , Storm R.. , Kraan A. v. , Caycedo A.. , Maliekkal H.. , Azar M. G. , White A.. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn The Netherlands the operator drilling in the Southern North Sea area had to drill through Germanic Trias super group sequences to the reservoir sections in Buntsandstein formations of lower Triassic series at a depth of about 9,800-ft TVD that are highly abrasive and hard sandstone formations. These formations are overlaid by middle and upper Triassic clay stones interbedded with hard dolomite stringers. The compressive strength of these formations ranges from 5,000–15,000 psi in the upper clay stones and from 15,000–30,000 psi in the Buntsandstein group.Drilling the build and turn wellbore profiles using a directional BHA with roller cone and/or PDC has been challenging. In offsets, these bit types produced slow ROP and short run lengths, requiring multiple bit trips to complete the hole section. In many cases, the bits were pulled in poor dull condition with severe cutting structure damage. In some cases, the operator was forced to use diamond-impregnated bits on turbine to TD the section.To drill the section in one run and at higher ROP, the provider recommended a new-style conical diamond element bit that uses multiple conical shaped diamond elements (CDEs) positioned from bit center to gauge. The CDE's conical shape penetrates high-compressive-strength rock with a concentrated point loading that fails formation with a plowing mechanism. Design engineers used a finite-element-analysis (FEA)-based modeling system to strategically place the CDEs based on specific drilling parameters and formation characteristics. Recent R&D tests confirm the hybrid PDC bit drills with 25% less torque compared with conventional PDC cutters, providing increased directional control and smoother toolface response. The result is higher build rates that achieve directional objectives in less time. The new 513 design also included a centrally located CDE to enhance bit stability and mitigate shock and vibration.The bit was run on an RSS BHA and drilled 1,279 ft of difficult claystone and anhydrite/dolomite with silt/sandstone stringers at an average ROP of 31.04 ft/hr, 200% faster compared to the closest offsets in the reservoir sand. The bit also set a new single-run footage benchmark for this section in Block P15. The RSS BHA efficiently delivered all directional wellbore requirements, building inclination from 26° to 39° with a DLS of 3.42°/100 ft and 6.09°/100 ft in Sidetrack 1. As a result, the operator saved one day of rig time and a bit trip for a total savings of approximately USD 635,000.
Effective Implementation of a Transportation Management System (HSE Integrated Approach)
Authors: Tawfik Mohamed 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Over the past decade, system management approach has been evolving into a core business practice in government and industry. This approach is helping in the coordination of the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively, especially in the oil &gas sector. This report introduces this management approach when it was effectively implemented in Weatherford Egypt since 2008.
The report discusses the system's purpose as well as the application of the conventional management system's functionalities, planning and execution and follow-up and measurement, on the transportation sector of WFT*. This was achieved when In-vehicle monitoring system was introduced thoroughly in the transportation business to ensure full compliance with the safety measures. Journey management process was also applied to every trip. All dispatching safety measures such as load securing / handling were taken; customer complaints were reduced by 94%, accordingly. Also, this report illustrates the management's commitment in topics such as driver's safety, qualifications, trainings, and performance awarding. This transportation paradigm resulted in achieving and maintaining a zero accidents record for more than 6 years. Also, reduction in the rig non-productive time caused by company transportation issues was achieved by 97% and reduction in the wrong tools / equipment delivery was achieved by 100%.
Use of Retrievable Bridge Plugs with Service Packer in One String Saves Significant Rig Time
Authors: Deif-Allah Yehia Ahmed 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The objective of the proposed system is to save runs, thus saving valuable rig time, when attempting to locate casing leaks, squeeze off a casing leak, or performing an acid job.
Contrary to the use of conventional methods of permanent drillable bridge plugs, and a Cement Retainer/Service Packer to squeeze cement inside a casing leak, or an undesired perforation; Using the proposed system can save up multiple runs, and valuable rig time. The system also protects the bottom formation/perforation from falling debris, and junk from drilling the drillable bridge plug after the cementing operation.
By using a conjunction of Left, and Right hand set, Retrievable Bridge Plug, and a Service Packer; we can mount them both on the same string and work on locating the exact depth of the top and the bottom of the leak. Or if the depth of an undesired perforation is already known, using the proposed system will allow for setting the Bridge Plug, somewhere below the bottom of the undesired leak/perfs, and the Retrievable Service Packer above it, and then squeeze cement, acidize, or frac the zone, and then retrieve the Plug, and the Packer in one run, in acidizing, or stimulating jobs, and a significant decreased number of runs in cementing applications.
Comparing using the proposed system with the conventional system, of running a conventional bridge plug, and a packer to locate casing leaks, or straddle existing perforations in a minimum of two runs, at least to identify and straddle the perforation or casing leak, can be replaced by using the proposed system to save up to 50 % of rig time in acidizing, and stimulation applications, and 30 % of rig time in normal perforation cementing applications, and at least 50 % in locating casing leaks, and cementing applications.
This paper will benefit practicing engineers, and entities in utilizing the proposed system which will provide them with rig time saving, which will result in significant money saving, especially in offshore applications.
How 'Afro-Americanophilia' became Polyphilia: Joachim-Ernst Berendt’s Journey from Jazz to “Weltmusik”
Authors: Hurley Andrew Wright 
Published: September 2015

This article contributes to our understanding of the continuities and disconnects in the way that ‘race,’ and in particular African-American culture, were conceived of in the long postwar era in West Germany. It does so by examining some salient racial aspects in the writings and production activities of West-German ‘jazz pope,’ Joachim-Ernst Berendt, between the late 1940s and the mid-1980s. I demonstrate that the late 1960s brought about a sharpening in talk concerning the racial ‘ownership’ of jazz, and that in these circumstances, Berendt proceeded beyond his earlier, liberal elaborations about jazz, race, and African-Americans to advance an inclusive, ecumenical model of ‘Weltmusik’ (world music). Germany’s National Socialist history figured in important ways in his conception of both jazz and then Weltmusik. Whilst he initially saw jazz as an antidote to National Socialism, by the late 1960s and 1970s, he regarded certain traits of jazz discourse to be, themselves, proto-fascist. Far from being a boon, Afro-Americanophilia—or at least one strain of it—now became something from which to distance oneself. What was important for Berendt, as for others of his generation, was distance from the past, as much as seeking out racial Others in Germany, engaging with them on their own terms, and yielding to a new racial ‘relationships of representation’ (Stuart Hall).
Survey Essay 1. Periodizing and Historicizing German Afro-Americanophilia: From Antebellum to Postwar (1850-1965)
Authors: Ege Moritz , Hurley Andrew Wright 
Published: September 2015

In this first essay, we delve into significant moments in the history (and pre-history) of twentieth century Afro-Americanophilia in Germany. We establish a periodisation stretching from the nineteenth century until the mid-1960s (from which point our second essay will continue), and take in the pre-colonial, the colonial, the Weimar, the Nazi; and the post-war eras. We draw out some of the particularly significant moments, ruptures, and continuities within that time frame. We also identify some of the salient ways scholars have interpreted ‘Afro-Americanophilia’ during the period. Focusing on a variety of practices of appropriation, communicative media, actors and forms of agency, power differentials, and sociocultural contexts, we discuss positive images of and affirmative approaches to black people in German culture and in its imaginaries. We attend to who was active in Afro-Americanophilia, in what ways, and what the effects of that agency were. Our main focus is on white German Afro-Americanophiles, but—without attempting to write a history of African Americans, black people in Germany, or Black Germans— we also inquire into the ways that the latter reacted to, suffered under the expectations levied upon them, or were able to engage with the demand for ‘black cultural traffic.’
Revolution and Cien años de soledad in Naguib Mahfouz's Layālī alf laylah
Authors: Nasser Tahia Abdel 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article compares two important political novels of the second half of the twentieth century: the Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez's Cien años de soledad (1967) (One Hundred Years of Solitude) and the Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz's Layālī alf laylah (1982) (Arabian Nights and Days). Mahfouz's Layālī alf laylah, a modern Arab adaptation of The Thousand and One Nights, offers, I argue, a reworking of the style of magical realism popularized by García Márquez in his masterwork Cien años de soledad. Examining Mahfouz's inspiration by García Márquez's Cien años de soledad reveals a connection between two world literatures that reflects the importance of other, non-Western literature to Arab writers. A reading of Mahfouz's novel through the influence of García Márquez's Cien años de soledad provides an understanding of some of the literary connections between Latin American and Arabic literatures by focusing on García Márquez's mythologizing of Latin American history and Mahfouz's allegory of Egyptian politics in the 1970s.
Eurasian winter cooling in the warming hiatus of 1998–2012
Authors: Li Chao , Stevens Bjorn , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigate the relative magnitudes of the contributions of surface temperature trends from different latitude bands to the recent warming hiatus. We confirm from five different global data sets that the global‐mean surface temperature trend in the period 1998–2012 is strongly influenced by a pronounced Eurasian winter cooling trend. To understand the drivers of this winter cooling trend, we perform three 20‐member ensembles of simulations with different prescribed sea surface temperature and sea ice in the atmospheric model ECHAM6. Our experimental results suggest that the Arctic sea ice loss does not drive systematic changes in the Northern Hemisphere large‐scale circulation in the past decades. The observed Eurasian winter cooling trend over 1998–2012 arises essentially from atmospheric internal variability and constitutes an extreme climate event. However, the observed reduction in Arctic sea ice enhances the variability of Eurasian winter climate and thus increases the probability of an extreme Eurasian winter cooling trend.
Long‐term drift induced by the electronic crosstalk in Terra MODIS Band 29
Authors: Sun Junqiang , Madhavan Sriharsha , Xiong Xiaoxiong , Wang Menghua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTerra MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the key sensors in the NASA's Earth Observing System, which has successfully completed 15 years of on‐orbit operation. Terra MODIS continues to collect valuable information of the Earth's energy radiation from visible to thermal infrared wavelengths. The instrument has been well characterized over its lifetime using onboard calibrators whose calibration references are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology standards. In this paper, we focus on the electronic crosstalk effect of Terra MODIS band 29, a thermal emissive band (TEB) whose center wavelength is 8.55 µm. Previous works have established the mechanism to describe the effect of the electronic crosstalk in the TEB channels of Terra MODIS. This work utilizes the established methodology to apply to band 29. The electronic crosstalk is identified and characterized using the regularly scheduled lunar observations. The moon being a near‐pulse‐like source allowed easy detection of extraneous signals around the actual Moon surface. First, the crosstalk‐transmitting bands are identified along with their amplitudes. The crosstalk effect then is characterized using a moving average mechanism that allows a high fidelity of the magnitude to be corrected. The lunar‐based analysis unambiguously shows that the crosstalk contamination is becoming more severe in recent years and should be corrected in order to maintain calibration quality for the affected spectral bands. Finally, two radiometrically well‐characterized sites, Pacific Ocean and Libya 1 desert, are used to assess the impact of crosstalk effect. It is shown that the crosstalk contamination induces a long‐term upward drift of 1.5 K in band 29 brightness temperature of MODIS Collection 6 L1B, which could significantly impact the science products. The crosstalk effect also induces strong detector‐to‐detector differences, which result in severe stripping in the Earth view images. With crosstalk correction applied, both the long‐term drift and detector differences are significantly reduced.
Future vegetation patterns and primary production in the coastal wetlands of East China under sea level rise, sediment reduction, and saltwater intrusion
Authors: Ge Zhen‐Ming , Cao Hao‐Bin , Cui Li‐Fang , Zhao Bin , Zhang Li‐Quan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo explore the effects of sea level rise (SLR), sediment reduction (SR), and saltwater intrusion (SWI) on the vegetation patterns and primary production of one exotic (Spartina alterniflora) and two native dominant (Scirpus mariqueter and Phragmites australis) species in the coastal wetlands of East China, range expansion monitoring and stress experiments were conducted, followed by model prediction. After a rapid invasion period, the expansion rate of S. alterniflora slowed down due to the decreasing availability of suitable habitat under prolonged inundation. SLR was shown to decrease the colonization of S. alterniflora and the native P. australis up to 2100. In contrast, the native S. mariqueter that has a high tolerance of inundation increased in area following SLR, due to a reduction in competition from S. alterniflora in low‐lying habitats and even recolonized areas previously invaded by the exotic species. The combination of SLR and SR resulted in further degradation of S. alterniflora and P. australis, while the area of S. mariqueter was not reduced significantly. The decrease in the area of vegetation would reduce the gross primary production under SLR and SR. SWI exacerbates the impacts, especially for P. australis, because S. alterniflora and S. mariqueter have a higher tolerance of salinity. Thus, the coastal vegetation pattern was predicted to be modified due to species‐specific adaption to changed geophysical features. This study indicated that the native species better adapted to prolonged inundation and increased salinity might once again become key contributors to primary production on the muddy coasts of East China.
On behalf of tradition: An analysis of medical student and physician beliefs on how anatomy should be taught
Authors: Marom Assaf , Tarrasch Ricardo 
Published: September 2015

Human anatomy, one of the basic medical sciences, is a time‐honored discipline. As such, it is taught using traditional methods, cadaveric dissection chief among them. Medical imaging has recently gained popularity as a teaching method in anatomy courses. In light of a general tendency to reduce course hours, this has resulted in a decrease of dissection time and intense debates between traditional and modern approaches to anatomy teaching. In an attempt to explore trends in the attitudes of medical professionals toward the various methods of anatomy teaching, medical imaging in particular, the authors constructed a questionnaire and conducted a nationwide survey among medical students (in all stages at medical school), residents, and specialists in all fields of medicine. The survey results demonstrated indisputable appreciation of traditional methods of anatomy teaching, particularly cadaveric dissection, and showed that specialists believe significantly more strongly than clinical or preclinical students that anatomy and medical imaging should be taught separately. Strong correlations among the components of the traditional approach to anatomy instruction were also found. In light of the results, it was recommended that imaging should be incorporated into anatomy courses with caution, and, as far as possible, not at the expense of dissection time. It was advised that medical imaging has to be taught as a separate course, parallel to a traditional anatomy course. This will allow anatomical principles to be appreciated, which in turn will serve the students when they study radiology.“And we proceed in the following order: in front walks Nikolai with the slides or atlases, I come after him, and after me, his head humbly lowered, strides the cart horse; or else, if necessary, a cadaver is carried in first, after the cadaver walks Nikolai, and so on. At my appearance, the students rise, then sit down, and the murmur of the sea suddenly grows still. Calm ensues.” —From “A Boring Story: From the Notebook of an Old Man” by Anton Chekhov. Clin. Anat. 28:980–984, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Observation of Kinetic Pathways of Biomolecular Recognition
Authors: Choudhury Susobhan , Batabyal Subrata , Mondal Prasanna Kumar , Singh Priya , Lemmens Peter , Pal Samir Kumar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe pathways of molecular recognition, which is a central event in all biological processes, belong to the most important subjects of contemporary research in biomolecular science. By using fluorescence spectroscopy in a microfluidics channel, it can be determined that molecular recognition of α‐chymotrypsin in hydrous surroundings at two different pH values (3.6 and 6.3) follows two distinctly different pathways. Whereas one corroborates an induced‐fit model (pH 3.6), the other one (pH 6.3) is consistent with the selected‐fit model of biomolecular recognition. The role of massive structural perturbations of differential recognition pathways could be ruled out by earlier XRD studies, rather was consistent with the femtosecond‐resolved observation of dynamic flexibility of the protein at different pH values. At low concentrations of ligands, the selected‐fit model dominates, whereas increasing the ligand concentration leads to the induced‐fit model. From molecular modelling and experimental results, the timescale associated with the conformational flexibility of the protein plays a key role in the selection of a pathway in biomolecular recognition.
A simple heat transfer model for laminar film condensation of superheated vapours on a vertical plate
Authors: Zhao Zhixiang , Li Yanzhong , Zhu Kang , Ma Yuan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA mathematical model is developed for the study of free convection film condensation for superheated vapours on a vertical plate. The local film thickness as well as the local heat transfer coefficient (HTC) can be obtained through analytically solving the model. The analytical expression shows that local film thickness is proportional to x1/4, i.e. δx = cx1/4, where c is the only positive solution of a quartic equation, and the expression is similar to the expression of Nusselt's model. The evaluation of thermophysical properties in the film is improved, which could enhance prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the model is validated by Shang and Wang's model, which strictly solved the two‐phase boundary equations of vapour and liquid film with consideration of various factors. It is obvious that the proposed model is precise for the prediction of superheated vapour film condensation and convenient for use. In addition, the characteristics of film condensation for water vapour as well as other vapours such as R134a, methane (CH4), nitrogen (N2), and hydrogen (H2) are extendedly studied and compared. The results show that variations of heat transfer increase coefficients (HTICs) with subcooling for various vapours have similar trends, but the HTICs are different, e.g. the HTIC for H2 is 34 times greater than that for water vapour.