bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafine Grain Refinement of AlMn1Cu and AZ 31 Alloys by SPD Process
Authors: Rusz S. , Cizek L. , Salajka M. , Tylsar S. , Kedron J. , Michenka V. , Donic T. , Hadasik E. , Klos M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
One of the ways to the more effective use of metallic materials is their processing by forming. At present in this the area the use of the process of severe plastic deformation (SPD process), leading to a refinement of the structure (materials with UFG structure) and thus to achievement of higher level of their utility value, is expanding. AlMn1Cu alloy is commercially produced aluminum alloy by the company Al Invest Bridlicna (the cast strip with a mild reduction by rolling up to 10% to the thickness of 10 and 15 mm, which has its uses especially in engineering. AZ31 alloy is commercially produced aluminum alloy after casting and extrusion at 400°C on final rod with 20 mm diameter. For experimental purposes from the belts of alloys the test samples of the underlying dimensions of 10x10 mm length 40 mm (geometry with channel deflection 20°) and 15x15 mm length 60 mm (geometry with helix matrix) in the direction of rolling were made. All three instruments are made of high tool steel - HOTVAR. For compare the influence of geometry ECAP tool on structure refining was used AlMn1Cu and AZ31 alloys were used three specially made tools ECAP, differing mainly in the construction design.
Comparison of Structure, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Al Alloy Die Forged Parts Made with Use of Different Stock Material
Authors: Płonka B. , Korczak P. , Remsak K. , Lech-Grega M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the die forging tests of a modified EN AW-6101 alloy with the addition of Zr, using two types of the feedstock materials. The first feedstock materials were ingots cast in a vertical semi-continuous process, the second feedstock materials were extruded rods. The die forging process was carried with parameters enabling “on line” heat treatment (T5 temper). For comparison, forgings were also heat treated to the T6 temper and to thermo-mechanical treated to the T8 and T9 temper. Then forgings made from both feedstock materials were characterised in terms of structure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity.
Usable Properties of Magnesium Alloy ZK60A by Plastic Deformation
Authors: Plonka B. , Remsak K. , Nowak M. , Lech-Grega M. , Korczak P. , Najder A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The object of this study was to develop parameters of plastic deformation process of magnesium alloy - ZK60A. The tests have showed that for this alloy it is possible to use the temperature of the plastic deformation process ranging from 350°C to 450°C. Samples were characterized by mechanical properties and structure in different heat treatment tempers. This magnesium alloy obtained in the T5 temper higher mechanical properties then T6 temper. The paper also presents research results of investigation of conversion coating on ZK60A magnesium alloy by anodic oxidation method in non-chromium solutions. It was found that the coating produced in non-chromium solutions show considerable increase of corrosion resistance of tested alloy.
Research of Liquid Aluminium Alloys at Particular Stages of Manufacturing Process
Authors: Dzik S. , Targowski W. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Requirements, placed by design engineers in relation to special castings, applied to gas filled high voltage switchgears PN-EN 50052:2002, are still higher. These demands concern to quality of machined sealing surface, assurance of castings leaktightness for a long time of operating and suitable strength during special bursting test. Manufacturer of such castings is obliged to use, among other things, high quality new alloy and guarantee proper metallurgical treatment and liquid alloy control during metal melting and preparation, before filling the moulds.
Generally new alloy testing is made by its producer. Receiver checks testing results, according to effective procedures, during incoming inspection. Following tests are carried out during liquid alloy preparation (melting, degassing and inoculation): chemical composition test, thermal analysis and density index. To confirm that the process of liquid alloy control is correct comparative examinations were made, using new installations of companies such as Foseco, ALSPEK* H, and metallographic examinations of special samples with computer picture analysis.
All examinations were made for one heat of AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy (AC - 42100 according to PN-EN 1706:2011), at different stages of liquid metal preparation, such as: in melting furnace, after reladle, after refining and just before filling sand moulds. Additionally alloy purity index, hydrogen content in liquid alloy, porosity degree were determined and also analysis of inclusions was made.
Examinations with applying modern devices confirmed, that the process of preparation and testing of liquid alloy, intended to produce castings of special requirements, is correct. All applied refining treatments improved liquid alloy quality, eliminated number of inclusions, porosity and reduced hydrogen content. It is a base for stating that high quality alloy, correctly prepared and controlled before filling sand mould was used.
New Foseco devices can be used in foundries to verify their processes of alloy preparation and alloy purity evaluation on different stages, especially producing castings of high technical requirements.
The thixotropy phenomenon is strongly connected with the change of viscosity in time, while the of Navier-Stockes equation. The micro- and macroscale models are coupled using CAFE approach.
Casting of Titanium Alloys in Centrifugal Induction Furnaces
Authors: Karwiński A. , Lesniewski W. , Wieliczko P. , Małysza M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper discusses technical problems related with casting of titanium alloys in centrifugal vacuum furnaces. The potentials of an analysis of the centrifugal casting process carried out in the Flow3D software CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) were presented. Simulations were carried out on a model set, which enables casting of two connecting rods for an I.C. engine. Changes in the mould filling process were examined for the three selected spinning velocities of the casting arm. The ranges of the metal flow velocity in mould were calculated as well as metal pressure in mould after reaching a predetermined spinning velocity. The results and the adopted mould geometry enabled determination of the magnitude of stress occurring in mould at the time of filling it with liquid titanium alloy. The paper presents a methodology for testing of the ceramic material strength using a four-point loading arrangement. The strength of the ceramic material was determined on samples heated at different temperatures. The obtained results enabled a thesis to be formulated that for pouring of moulds in a centrifugal vacuum furnace, the layered foundry ceramic moulds can be safely used, and the use of moulds that will provide the directional solidification of metal should be possible as well.
Growth Characteristics of the Oxide Layer on Aluminium in the Process of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Gębarowski W. , Pietrzyk S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
During the formation of the oxide layer by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), the electrochemical processes are accompanied by the plasma micro-discharges, occurring uniformly over the coated electrode. Application of an alternating current with strictly controlled electrical parameters can affect the character of the discharges, and consequently the properties of the obtained layers. When the cathodic current density exceeds anodic, at some point, a sudden change in the appearance of micro-discharges and a decrease in the intensity of the acoustic emission can be observed - in literature this effect is called “soft sparking”. In the present work, the evolution of the electrical properties of the layers at various stages of their formation has been characterized, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The study showed a significant decrease in charge transfer resistance and increase in capacitance of the oxide layer after reaching the ”soft sparking”. This indicates a significant change in the structure of the oxide layer, in the barrier and main part, which is additionally confirmed by measuring the breakdown voltage.
Gastropods and periphytic algae relationships in the vicinity of a small hydroelectric plant on the Pas³êka River in northeast Poland
Authors: Zębek Elżbieta , Szymańska Urszula 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study of periphytic algae and gastropods differentiation on macrophytes, stones, and dam substrates and the relationships between these communities in the vegetative season of 2001-2003 was conducted in the vicinity of a hydroelectric plant on the Pasłeka River. Damming the river caused decreased water discharge upstream from the plant, and increased it downstream. Thus, oxygen conditions downstream from the plant improved, but high nutrient concentrations were also recorded. Generally, increased orthophosphate concentrations do not allow river waters to be classified as having good or maximum ecological potential. Damming contributed to changes in the growth conditions of the periphytic algae and gastropods and their differentiation. The highest biomass of periphytic algae was noted on the dam, while the highest gastropods biomass was noted on macrophytes. The periphytic algae was dominated by the diatoms Diatoma vulgaris and Melosira varians (epiphyton, dam) and the chlorophytes Ulothrix tenuissima and Spirogyra sp. (epilithon), while the gastropods were dominated by Lymnea stagnalis (macrophytes), Theodoxus fluviatilis (stones), and Radix balthica (dam). The relationship between the gastropods and the periphytic algae on macrophytes and the dam in spring and summer revealed an increase in gastropods biomass and a decrease in periphytic algae biomass. This was indicated by the negative correlation between the biomass of these communities.
The first polish tektites: preliminary sem investigation
Authors: Brachaniec Tomasz , Szopa Krzysztof , Karwowski Łukasz 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In Lower Silesia, the first Polish moldavites were discovered. To recognize the primary chemical composition and check the morphology of investigated material SE and BSE images were used. The samples show presence of vesicles, which are one of the most typical features of tektite glass. Referring to the preliminary EDS results and comparing them with literature data, it can be assumed that in all cases the base material for all known moldavites was the same.
Dendrochronological potential of Ephedra equisetina from Zaravshan Mountains (Tajikistan) in climate change studies
Authors: Opała Magdalena , Niedźwiedź Tadeusz , Rahmonov Oimahmad 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Samples from Mongolian Ephedra (Ephedra equisetina Bunge) was collected in the Zaravshan Mountains (the Fann Mountains), Tajikistan. The wood of Ephedra is ring-porous with well-defined growth rings. Annual ring widths were measured, individual series were first cross-dated and then averaged as a standard chronology. Correlations were calculated between the standard ring-width chronology and monthly climate data recorded in the weather station Iskanderkul. Dendroclimatological analysis showed that July temperature is the growth limiting factor of this species. Our study has shown high dendrochronological potential of Ephedra.
Evaluation of the wind conditions for the acquisition of energy from renewable sources on the base of Sosnowiec city
Authors: Sarapata Sonia 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Inherent in the continuous development of civilization is a constant increase in demand for electricity. The result of this situation could be a threat to cover domestic demand for electricity generated from domestic sources. It is significant therefore, to increase the energy security of the country, as well as to generate a positive impact on the development and dynamics of social and economic processes which is carried by the development of renewable energy sources. A crucial argument for the need to implement new sustainable solutions is growing environmental degradation and pollution resulting from the acquisition and use of non-renewable energy resources. Renewable energy resource for interest of this analysis is the wind. A crucial feature of the wind is its high volatility. Wind speed is characterized by diurnal, seasonal and long-term variation. The study area is Sosnowiec city. The analysis covers the data from the period 2002 - 2011 obtained using a meteorological station located in the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Sosnowiec. Analyzed data are observations of wind speed measured at the height of 10m above the ground - average values of 10 minutes. The mean and maximum daily, monthly and annual values of wind speed have been calculated, and on their basis, a relevant analysis have been made. Average wind speed value for the analyzed area of the analyzed period (2002 - 2011) is 1,70m/s, while the maximum wind speed value is 3,78m/s. Sosnowiec is located in zone IV - unfavorable for the use of wind energy.
Numerical and physical model study of a vertical slot fishway
Authors: Bombač Martin , Novak Gorazd , Rodič Primož , Četina Matjaž 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of a vertical slot fishway (VSF). A 2-D depth-averaged shallow water numerical model PCFLOW2D coupled with three different turbulent models (constant eddy viscosity, Smagorinsky and k - ε) was used. A detailed analysis of numerical parameters needed for a correct simulation of the phenomenon was carried out. Besides the velocity field, attention was paid to important hydraulic parameters such as maximum velocity in the slot region and energy dissipation rate ε in order to evaluate the performance of VSF. A scaled physical hydraulic model was built to ensure reliable experimental data for the validation of the numerical model. Simulations of variant configurations of VSF showed that even small changes in geometry can produce more fishfriendly flow characteristics in pools. The present study indicates that the PCFLOW2D program is an appropriate tool to meet the main demands of the VSF design.
Discharge coefficient of a rectangular sharp-edged broad-crested weir
Authors: Zachoval Zbyněk , Knéblová Michaela , Roušar Ladislav , Rumann Ján , Šulc Jan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the determination of the relationship for the calculation of the discharge coefficient at free overflow over a rectangular sharp-edged broad-crested weir without lateral contraction. The determination was made on the basis of new measurement in a range of the relative thickness of the weir from 0.12 to 0.30 and newly in a large range of relative height of the weir extremely from 0.24 to 6.8 which greatly expands the application possibilities of low weirs. In addition, the effects of friction and surface tension on the value of the discharge coefficient were evaluated as well as the effect of the relative thickness of the weir. The new equation for discharge coefficient, expressed using the relative height of the weir, was subjected to verification made by an independent laboratory which confirmed its accuracy.
Simulation and comparison of stream power in-channel and on the floodplain in a German lowland area
Authors: Song Song , Schmalz Britta , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Extensive lowland floodplains cover substantial parts of the glacially formed landscape of Northern Germany. Stream power is recognized as a force of formation and development of the river morphology and an interaction system between channel and floodplain. In order to understand the effects of the river power and flood power, HEC-RAS models were set up for ten river sections in the Upper Stör catchment, based on a 1 m digital elevation model and field data, sampled during a moderate water level period (September, 2011), flood season (January, 2012) and dry season (April, 2012). The models were proven to be highly efficient and accurate through the seasonal roughness modification. The coefficients of determination (R2) of the calibrated models were 0.90, 0.90, 0.93 and 0.95 respectively. Combined with the continuous and long-term data support from SWAT model, the stream power both in-channel and on the floodplain was analysed. Results show that the 10-year-averaged discharge and unit stream power were around 1/3 of bankfull discharge and unit power, and the 10-year-peak discharge and unit stream power were nearly 1.6 times the bankfull conditions. Unit stream power was proportional to the increase of stream discharge, while the increase rate of unit in-channel stream power was 3 times higher than that of unit stream power on the floodplain. Finally, the distribution of the hydraulic parameters under 10-years-peak discharge conditions was shown, indicating that only 1-10% of flow stream was generated by floodplain flow, but 40-75% volume of water was located on the floodplain. The variation of the increasing rate of the stream power was dominated by the local roughness height, while the stream power distributed on the floodplain mainly depended on the local slope of the sub-catchment.
Impact of foreign direct investment on lower silesia’s economic development
Authors: Popławski Maciej 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper presents research results concerning the impact of foreign direct investments on the economic development of Lower Silesia in the years 1999-2011. The first year analysed is 1999 - the year in which the new administrative division was introduced into Poland, where the number of provinces was reduced from 49 to 16, with 314 districts and 65 cities being given district rights (including communes which also accomplish the tasks of the district).1 The research takes into account the most important macroeconomic indicators presenting the region’s development, such as the GDP and investment and employment levels. These indices are based on data from the Statistical Office in Wrocław and the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS). Data on companies and entities with foreign capital have been correlated with the above-mentioned indicators to evaluate the foreign investment influence on the region’s economy
The influence of voting system on electoral participation of women in Poland
Authors: Niewiadomska-Cudak Małgorzata 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the research, there was taken an attempt to analyze to which extent the electoral system, currently functioning in Poland, influences electoral participation of women. In the elaboration electoral participation, as a form of political activity will concern realization of suffrage right. The electoral system as a category of political studies analysis is the one of the utmost importance. The matter of scientific understanding of the system concentrates an attention of researchers for a while. The analysis of contemporary voting systems became one of the basic tasks of empirical political studies. It is worth look closer at an mechanism, which became a tool for enhancing a participation of women in political life
Women in the management – cases of Turkish women progress in the it ranks
Authors: Bielikowski Jakub 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
It has been observed that Turkey, contrary to the country stereotypes, has high female participation in the IT, including professional and managerial positions. As in the women participation in the IT shows big differences among world’s countries, it seems important to research the possible sources of higher women participation in the IT in some countries. Based on the pilot of in-depth interviews with Turkish IT professionals the article looks preliminary into the following subjects: 1. What economic, social and cultural factors influence females’ IT choice in Turkey? 2. What were the success factors contributing to women employment and career in the IT in Turkey? 3. What barriers for IT management career progression have been identified by Turkish women? The article also proposes approach into further research into the subject.
A MEASURING SYSTEM WITH AN ADDITIONAL CHANNEL FOR ELIMINATING THE DYNAMIC ERROR
Authors: Dichev Dimitar , Koev Hristofor , Louda Petr 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The present article views a measuring system for determining the parameters of vessels. The system has high measurement accuracy when operating in both static and dynamic mode. It is designed on a gyro-free principle for plotting a vertical. High accuracy of measurement is achieved by using a simplified design of the mechanical module as well by minimizing the instrumental error. A new solution for improving the measurement accuracy in dynamic mode is offered. The approach presented is based on a method where the dynamic error is eliminated in real time, unlike the existing measurement methods and tools where stabilization of the vertical in the inertial space is used. The results obtained from the theoretical experiments, which have been performed on the basis of the developed mathematical model, demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested measurement approach.
MUltidimensional personnel selection through combination of TOPSIS and Hungary assignment algorithm
Authors: Safari Hossein , Cruz-Machado Virgilio , Zadeh Sarraf Amin , Maleki Meysam 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper proposes an effective solution based on combined TOPSIS and Hungary assignment approach to help companies that need to assign personnel to different departments. An extension of TOPSIS (technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution) combined by Hungary assignment algorithm is represented for this purpose. According to decrease resistance of employee opposite of recruitment of new employee, Decision criteria are obtained from the nominal group technique (NGT) and managers of each departments has been involved in decision making process. In the presented solution, managers of four departments have been involved in evaluating four candidates for their department and data is analyzed by TOPSIS and at the end, an effective fit between personnel and their corresponding department is presented.