bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using airborne LiDAR to determine total sapwood area for estimating stand transpiration in plantations
Authors: Saito Takami , Yamamoto Kazukiyo , Komatsu Misako , Matsuda Hiroki , Yunohara Shuji , Komatsu Hikaru , Tateishi Makiko , Xiang Yang , Otsuki Kyoichi , Kumagai Tomo'omi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study offers an unprecedented opportunity to estimate total sapwood area over an entire catchment (Ascat/Ag) using small‐footprint light detection and ranging technology with a minimal amount of labour in field. Forty‐two‐year‐old plantations of Japanese cypress (Hinoki; Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) and Japanese cedar (Sugi; Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) vegetated the 2.98 ha experimental catchment. Field observations identified diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees and produced the relationship between DBH and tree sapwood area (Astre). The sum of Astre generated actual values of Ascat/Ag. For light detection and ranging data analyses, local maximum filtering revealed height of tree apices (H) and tree number (N) with 9% omission errors. A novel process was developed to identify tree species by their apices based on height of the apices and canopy roughness. Four methods were tested. In Methods A–C, H was converted to Astre directly or via DBH, then, the sum of Astre created Ascat/Ag. H–Astre or H–DBH relationships were varied irrespective of labour‐intensive measurements, and Ascat/Ag was underestimated up to 85% of actual value because of the smaller N. On the other hand, in Method D, ready‐made stand density management diagrams (SDMDs) overestimated mean DBH. However, a product of overestimated mean Astre and the underestimated N was almost identical to the actual Ascat/Ag. The estimates were 84% and 95% of the true Ascat/Ag in Hinoki and Sugi, respectively, and the former will be more precise if the SDMD is suitable for the site as indicated through sensitivity analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ex vivo optical measurements of glucose diffusion kinetics in native and diabetic mouse skin
Authors: Tuchina Daria K. , Shi Rui , Bashkatov Alexey N. , Genina Elina A. , Zhu Dan , Luo Qingming , Tuchin Valery V. 
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to estimate the glucose diffusion coefficients ex vivo in skin of mice with diabetes induced in vivo by alloxan in comparison to non‐diabetic mice. The temporal dependences of collimated transmittance of tissue samples immersed in glucose solutions were measured in the VIS‐NIR spectral range to quantify the glucose diffusion/permeability coefficients and optical clearing efficiency of mouse skin. The average thickness of intact healthy and diabetic skin was 0.023 ± 0.006 cm and 0.019 ± 0.005 cm, respectively. Considerable differences in optical and kinetic properties of diabetic and non‐diabetic skin were found: clearing efficiency was 1.5‐fold better and glucose diffusivity was 2‐fold slower for diabetic skin.
Experimental Setup for measuring collimated transmittance spectra of mouse skin samples.magnified imageExperimental Setup for measuring collimated transmittance spectra of mouse skin samples.
An Initial Investigation of the Relationship Between Insomnia and Hoarding
Authors: Raines Amanda M. , Portero Amberly K. , Unruh Amanda S. , Short Nicole A. , Schmidt Norman B. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveInsomnia has been shown to have profound negative consequences on multiple aspects of daily functioning. Despite increased interest in the association between insomnia and psychopathology, no research has examined the relationships between insomnia and hoarding. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the associations between insomnia and hoarding severity.MethodsParticipants consisted of patients with hoarding disorder (n = 24).ResultsResults revealed that insomnia was a significant predictor of increased hoarding severity. In addition, when examining the relationships among insomnia and specific hoarding symptoms, sleep difficulties were associated with increased acquiring and difficulty discarding behaviors.ConclusionsThese findings add to a growing body of literature on insomnia and various forms of psychopathology, as well as research on symptoms related to hoarding. Reducing insomnia symptoms among hoarders may help to reduce hoarding‐related behaviors and increase treatment efficacy.
Diagnostic accuracy and effectiveness of automated electronic sepsis alert systems: A systematic review
Authors: Makam Anil N. , Nguyen Oanh K. , Auerbach Andrew D. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDAlthough timely treatment of sepsis improves outcomes, delays in administering evidence‐based therapies are common.PURPOSETo determine whether automated real‐time electronic sepsis alerts can: (1) accurately identify sepsis and (2) improve process measures and outcomes.DATA SOURCESWe systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from database inception through June 27, 2014.STUDY SELECTIONIncluded studies that empirically evaluated 1 or both of the prespecified objectives.DATA EXTRACTIONTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Diagnostic accuracy of sepsis identification was measured by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and likelihood ratio (LR). Effectiveness was assessed by changes in sepsis care process measures and outcomes.DATA SYNTHESISOf 1293 citations, 8 studies met inclusion criteria, 5 for the identification of sepsis (n = 35,423) and 5 for the effectiveness of sepsis alerts (n = 6894). Though definition of sepsis alert thresholds varied, most included systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria ± evidence of shock. Diagnostic accuracy varied greatly, with PPV ranging from 20.5% to 53.8%, NPV 76.5% to 99.7%, LR+ 1.2 to 145.8, and LR− 0.06 to 0.86. There was modest evidence for improvement in process measures (ie, antibiotic escalation), but only among patients in non–critical care settings; there were no corresponding improvements in mortality or length of stay. Minimal data were reported on potential harms due to false positive alerts.CONCLUSIONSAutomated sepsis alerts derived from electronic health data may improve care processes but tend to have poor PPV and do not improve mortality or length of stay. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:396–402. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Mouse hallucal metatarsal cross‐sectional geometry in a simulated fine branch niche
Authors: Byron Craig D. , Herrel Anthony , Pauwels Elin , Muynck Amelie De , Patel Biren A. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTMice raised in experimental habitats containing an artificial network of narrow “arboreal” supports frequently use hallucal grasps during locomotion. Therefore, mice in these experiments can be used to model a rudimentary form of arboreal locomotion in an animal without other morphological specializations for using a fine branch niche. This model would prove useful to better understand the origins of arboreal behaviors in mammals like primates. In this study, we examined if locomotion on these substrates influences the mid‐diaphyseal cross‐sectional geometry of mouse metatarsals. Thirty CD‐1/ICR mice were raised in either arboreal (composed of elevated narrow branches of varying orientation) or terrestrial (flat ramps and walkways that are stratified) habitats from weaning (21 days) to adulthood (≥4 months). After experiments, the hallucal metatarsal (Mt1) and third metatarsal (Mt3) for each individual were isolated and micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) scans were obtained to calculate mid‐shaft cross‐sectional area and polar section modulus. Arboreal mice had Mt1s that were significantly more robust. Mt3 cross sections were not significantly different between groups. The arboreal group also exhibited a significantly greater Mt1/Mt3 ratio for both robusticity measures. We conclude that the hallucal metatarsal exhibits significant phenotypic plasticity in response to arboreal treatment due to habitual locomotion that uses a rudimentary hallucal grasp. Our results support the hypothesis that early adaptive stages of fine branch arboreality should be accompanied by a slightly more robust hallux associated with the biomechanical demands of this niche. J. Morphol. 276:759–765, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gradient nonlinearity correction to improve apparent diffusion coefficient accuracy and standardization in the american college of radiology imaging network 6698 breast cancer trial
Authors: Newitt David C. , Tan Ek T. , Wilmes Lisa J. , Chenevert Thomas L. , Kornak John , Marinelli Luca , Hylton Nola 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo evaluate a gradient nonlinearity correction (GNC) program for quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements on phantom and human subject diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in a multicenter breast cancer treatment response studyMaterials and MethodsA GNC program using fifth‐order spherical harmonics for gradient modeling was applied retrospectively to qualification phantom and human subject scans. Ice‐water phantoms of known diffusion coefficient were scanned at five different study centers with different scanners and receiver coils. Human in vivo data consisted of baseline and early‐treatment exams on 54 patients from four sites. ADC maps were generated with and without GNC. Regions of interest were defined to quantify absolute errors and changes with GNC over breast imaging positions.ResultsPhantom ADC errors varied with region of interest (ROI) position and scanner configuration; the mean error by configuration ranged from 1.4% to 19.9%. GNC significantly reduced the overall mean error for all sites from 9.9% to 0.6% (P = 0.016). Spatial dependence of GNC was highest in the right‐left (RL) and anterior‐posterior (AP) directions. Human subject mean tumor ADC was reduced 0.2 to 12% by GNC at different sites. By regression, every 1‐cm change in tumor ROI position between baseline and follow‐up visits resulted in an estimated change of 2.4% in the ADC early‐treatment response measurement.ConclusionGNC is effective for removing large, system‐dependent errors in quantitative breast DWI. GNC may be important in ensuring reproducibility in multicenter studies and in reducing errors in longitudinal treatment response measures arising from spatial variations in tumor position between visits. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:908–919.
Effects of biceps tension on the torn superior glenoid labrum
Authors: Hwang Eunjoo , Hughes Richard E. , Palmer Mark L. , Carpenter James E. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the tension on the long head of the biceps tendon in the propagation of SLAP tears by studying the mechanical behavior of the torn superior glenoid labrum. A previously validated finite element model was extended to include a glenoid labrum with type II SLAP tears of three different sizes. The strain distribution within the torn labral tissue with loading applied to the biceps tendon was investigated and compared to the inact and unloaded conditions. The anterior and posterior edges of each SLAP tear experienced the highest strain in the labrum. Labral strain increased with increasing biceps tension. This effect was stronger in the labrum when the size of the tear exceeded the width of the biceps anchor on the superior labrum. Thus, this study indicates that biceps tension influences the propagation of a SLAP tear more than it does the initiation of a tear. Additionally, it also suggests that the tear size greater than the biceps anchor site as a criterion in determining optimal treatment of a type II SLAP tear. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1545–1551, 2015.
Development of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) technology against Tgf‐β signaling to prevent scarring during flexor tendon repair
Authors: Loiselle Alayna E. , Yukata Kiminori , Geary Michael B. , Kondabolu Sirish , Shi Shanshan , Jonason Jennifer H. , Awad Hani A. , O'Keefe Regis J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFlexor tendons (FT) in the hand provide near frictionless gliding to facilitate hand function. Upon injury and surgical repair, satisfactory healing is hampered by fibrous adhesions between the tendon and synovial sheath. In the present study we used antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), specifically targeted to components of Tgf‐β signaling, including Tgf‐β1, Smad3 and Ctgf, to test the hypothesis that local delivery of ASOs and suppression of Tgf‐β1 signaling would enhance murine FT healing by suppressing adhesion formation while maintaining strength. ASOs were injected in to the FT repair site at 2, 6 and 12 days post‐surgery. ASO treatment suppressed target gene expression through 21 days. Treatment with Tgf‐β1, Smad3 or Ctgf ASOs resulted in significant improvement in tendon gliding function at 14 and 21 days, relative to control. Consistent with a decrease in adhesions, Col3a1 expression was significantly decreased in Tgf‐β1, Smad3 and Ctgf ASO treated tendons relative to control. Smad3 ASO treatment enhanced the maximum load at failure of healing tendons at 14 days, relative to control. Taken together, these data support the use of ASO treatment to improve FT repair, and suggest that modulation of the Tgf‐β1 signaling pathway can reduce adhesions while maintaining the strength of the repair. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:859–866, 2015.
Leaf proteome comparison of two GM common bean varieties and their non‐GM counterparts by principal component analysis
Authors: Valentim‐Neto Pedro A , Rossi Gabriela B , Anacleto Kelly B , de Mello Carla S , Balsamo Geisi M , Arisi Ana Carolina M 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDA genetically modified (GM) common bean event, namely Embrapa 5.1, was approved for commercialization in Brazil. The present work aimed to use principal component analysis (PCA) to compare the proteomic profile of this GM common bean and its non‐GM counterpart.RESULTSSeedlings from four Brazilian common bean varieties were grown under controlled environmental conditions. Leaf proteomic profiles were analyzed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). First, a comparison among 12 gels from four common bean varieties was performed by PCA using volume percentage of 198 matched spots, presented in all gels. The first two principal components (PC) accounted for 46.8% of total variation. Two groups were clearly separated by the first component: Pérola and GM Pérola from Pontal and GM Pontal. Secondly, another comparison among six gels from the same variety GM and its non‐GM counterpart was performed by PCA; in this case it was possible to distinguish GM and non‐GM.CONCLUSIONSeparation between leaf proteomic profile of GM common bean variety and its counterpart was observed only when they were compared in pairs. These results showed higher similarity between GM variety and its counterpart than between two common bean varieties. PCA is a useful tool to compare proteomes of GM and non‐GM plant varieties. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of Vermicompost Application on Soil Aggregation and Certain Physical Properties
Authors: Aksakal Ekrem Lutfi , Sari Serdar , Angin Ilker 
Published: March 2015

AbstractApplication of organic waste on agricultural land as a soil conditioner and fertilizing material has lately gained much attention. This study was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost applications (0·5%, 1%, 2% and 4% w/w) on physical characteristics of soils with different textures (sandy loam, loam and clay), under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that in the higher soil aggregate fraction (>12·7 mm) aggregate fraction was limited at the three soils. Vermicompost applications in all three soils significantly increased organic matter content. When compared with control, the increasing rates in organic matter content were 14·0%, 23·8%, 42·0% and 90·2% for 0·5%, 1%, 2% and 4% vermicompost application doses, respectively. Vermicompost applications increased the wet aggregate stability and decreased the dispersion ratio of all the experimental soils in all aggregate size fractions. Overall, wet aggregate stability increased from 26·9% to 52·2% with the application rate of 4%. Correlation coefficient between organic matter content and wet aggregate stability was found as 0·918**. The lowest mean bulk density and the highest mean total porosity occurred when the most vermicompost was added. In all the soils studied, the highest permeability coefficients were gained with the application dose of 2%. As a result of increase in wet aggregate stability and decrease in bulk density, air permeability increased, and penetration resistance decreased significantly. The results obtained in this study have clearly indicated that the vermicompost application is an effective way to improve soil physical characteristics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy and Charge Transfer in Nanoscale Hybrid Materials
Authors: Basché Thomas , Bottin Anne , Li Chen , Müllen Klaus , Kim Jeong‐Hee , Sohn Byeong‐Hyeok , Prabhakaran Prem , Lee Kwang‐Sup 
Published: March 2015

Hybrid materials composed of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots and π‐conjugated organic molecules and polymers have attracted continuous interest in recent years, because they may find applications in bio‐sensing, photodetection, and photovoltaics. Fundamental processes occurring in these nanohybrids are light absorption and emission as well as energy and/or charge transfer between the components. For future applications it is mandatory to understand, control, and optimize the wide parameter space with respect to chemical assembly and the desired photophysical properties. Accordingly, different approaches to tackle this issue are described here. Simple organic dye molecules (Dye)/quantum dot (QD) conjugates are studied with stationary and time‐resolved spectroscopy to address the dynamics of energy and ultra‐fast charge transfer. Micellar as well as lamellar nanostructures derived from diblock copolymers are employed to fine‐tune the energy transfer efficiency of QD donor/dye acceptor couples. Finally, the transport of charges through organic components coupled to the quantum dot surface is discussed with an emphasis on functional devices.
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Paraphilias and paraphilic disorders in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Solla Paolo , Bortolato Marco , Cannas Antonino , Mulas Cesare Salvatore , Marrosu Francesco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractParaphilias are intense urges or behaviors involving non‐normative sexual interests. The newly approved diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) have established that, although paraphilias should not be regarded as inherently pathological, they ought to be qualified as paraphilic disorders if resulting in distress, impairment, or harm to the affected individual or others. Recent evidence documents that both phenomena can emerge as relatively uncommon iatrogenic consequences in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. To outline the clinical characteristics of paraphilias and paraphilic disorders in PD patients, we summarized the available evidence on these phenomena. The review encompasses all studies on paraphilias in PD patients identified by a search on the Pubmed and Scopus online databases through May 2014. Twenty‐two case reports on a total of 31 PD patients with paraphilias or paraphilic disorders were identified. These phenomena were typically associated with dopaminomimetic treatment (with a mean levodopa‐equivalent daily dose of 1,303 ± 823 mg/d) in male patients with motor complications, young age at PD onset, and long disease duration. Paraphilias were highly concomitant with impulse‐control disorders or dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Although evidence on paraphilias and paraphilic disorders in PD patients remains anecdotal, available data point to these phenomena as likely sequelae of high‐dose dopaminomimetic treatment. Accordingly, the intensity of paraphilic urges is typically attenuated by the reduction of dopaminomimetic doses, sometimes in association with atypical antipsychotics. Failure to recognize paraphilic disorders may significantly impair the relational functioning of the affected PD patients. Practitioners should routinely inquire about paraphilias during their clinical assessment of PD patients. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term cognitive follow‐up of Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorders
Authors: Siri Chiara , Cilia Roberto , Reali Elisa , Pozzi Beatrice , Cereda Emanuele , Colombo Aurora , Meucci Nicoletta , Canesi Margherita , Zecchinelli Anna L. , Tesei Silvana , Mariani Claudio B. , Sacilotto Giorgio , Zini Michela , Pezzoli Gianni 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study investigated cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with impulse control disorders (ICDs) and aimed to identify possible predictors of behavioral outcome. In this longitudinal cohort study, 40 PD outpatients with ICDs and 40 without, were matched for sex, age at PD onset, age and disease duration at cognitive assessment. All patients had two neuropsychological assessments at least 2 years apart (mean, 3.5 years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of ICDs remission at follow‐up. The PD patients with and without ICDs had overall comparable cognitive performance at baseline. When evaluating changes between baseline and follow‐up, we found significant group × time interactions in several frontal lobe–related tests, with the ICDs group showing a less pronounced worsening over time. ICDs remission was associated with better performance at baseline in working memory–related tasks, such as digit span (odds ratio [OR] = 2.69 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09‐6.66]) and attentive matrices (OR=1.19 [95%CI, 1.03‐1.37]). ICDs remitters and non‐remitters had no remarkable differences in baseline PD‐related features and therapy management strategies (including the extent of dopamine agonist dose reduction). In conclusion, ICDs in PD patients are not related to greater cognitive impairment or executive dysfunction, but rather show relatively lower cognitive decline over time. The impaired top‐down inhibitory control characterizing ICDs is likely attributable to a drug‐induced overstimulation of relatively preserved prefrontal cognitive functions. Full behavioral remission in the long term was predicted by better working memory abilities. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society