bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The conservation genetics juggling act: integrating genetics and ecology, science and policy
Authors: Haig Susan M. , Miller Mark. P. , Bellinger Renee , Draheim Hope M. , Mercer Dacey M. , Mullins Thomas D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe field of conservation genetics, when properly implemented, is a constant juggling act integrating molecular genetics, ecology, and demography with applied aspects concerning managing declining species or implementing conservation laws and policies. This young field has grown substantially since the 1980s following the development of polymerase chain reaction and now into the genomics era. Our laboratory has ‘grown up’ with the field, having worked on these issues for over three decades. Our multidisciplinary approach entails understanding the behavior and ecology of species as well as the underlying processes that contribute to genetic viability. Taking this holistic approach provides a comprehensive understanding of factors that influence species persistence and evolutionary potential while considering annual challenges that occur throughout their life cycle. As a federal laboratory, we are often addressing the needs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in their efforts to list, de‐list, or recover species. Nevertheless, there remains an overall communication gap between research geneticists and biologists who are charged with implementing their results. Therefore, we outline the need for a National Center for Small Population Biology to ameliorate this problem and provide organizations charged with making status decisions firmer ground from which to make their critical decisions.
Structures of a diverse set of colchicine binding site inhibitors in complex with tubulin provide a rationale for drug discovery
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Zhang Hang , Gigant Benoît , Yu Yamei , Wu Yangping , Chen Xiangzheng , Lai Qinhuai , Yang Zhaoya , Chen Qiang , Yang Jinliang 
Published: October 2015

Microtubules are dynamic assemblies of αβ‐tubulin heterodimers and have been recognized as highly attractive targets for cancer chemotherapy. A broad range of agents bind to tubulin and interfere with microtubule assembly. Despite having a long history of characterization, colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) have not yet reached the commercial phase as anti‐cancer drugs to date. We determined the structures of tubulin complexed with a set of structurally diverse CBSIs (lexibulin, nocodazole, plinabulin and tivantinib), among which nocodazole and tivantinib are both binary‐function inhibitors targeting cancer‐related kinases and microtubules simultaneously. High resolution structures revealed the detailed interactions between these ligands and tubulin. Our results showed that the binding modes of the CBSIs were different from previous docking models, highlighting the importance of crystal structure information in structure‐based drug design. A real structure‐based pharmacophore was proposed to rationalize key common interactions of the CBSIs at the colchicine domain. Our studies provide a solid structural basis for developing new anti‐cancer agents for the colchicine binding site.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors for tubulin complexed with lexibulin, nocodazole, plinabulin and tivantinib have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession codes 5CA0, 5CA1, 5C8Y and 5CB4, respectively.
Boards, Executive Excess Compensation, and Shared Power: Evidence from Nonprofit Firms
Authors: Garner Jacqueline L. , Harrison Teresa D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe investigate how executives, the board, and excess compensation jointly affect the performance of nonprofits. Since the common measure of nonprofit performance often includes salaries, we also use expenses that directly benefit the targeted population. Our results suggest that above average compensation for executives is associated with poor firm performance. However, the negative relation of CEO pay to performance occurs for firms with only one executive, the CEO. We conclude that a powerful CEO with autonomy can harm firm performance, but other executives can mitigate these agency problems. The board also appears to monitor direct community benefits more than indirect benefits.
Bond Market Response to the Collapse of Prominent Investment Banks
Authors: Li Si , Madura Jeff , Richie Nivine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe find that the Bear Stearns rescue in March 2008 elicited a neutral or moderately favorable impact on bond prices. Conversely, we find that the Lehman Brothers failure (combined with news about Merrill Lynch and American International Group) in September 2008 elicited a pronounced negative impact. Bond prices of financial firms suffered more than bonds of nonfinancial firms following the Lehman failure. Our multivariate analysis shows that bonds issued by financial institutions that were previously presumed to be protected (based on bond rating and firm size) suffered more pronounced losses in response to the Lehman failure.
Liquidity Risk of Private Assets: Evidence from Real Estate Markets
Authors: Cheng Ping , Lin Zhenguo , Liu Yingchun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInvestment in thinly traded private assets involves liquidity risk. Existing literature provides limited guidance as it mainly focuses on publicly traded security assets such as stocks and bonds. This paper develops an analytical tool for quantifying liquidity risk of private assets. Using commercial real estate as a model asset and under reasonable assumptions, we find that the magnitude of liquidity risk is too large to be ignored, especially in down markets when liquidity risk is a great concern.
Downstream Value of Upstream Finance
Authors: Hill Matthew D. , Kelly G. Wayne , Lockhart G. Brandon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe examine market value implications of managing liquidity via supplier financing. Results suggest a direct link between shareholder wealth and use of trade credit, and the relation exhibits significant cross‐sectional variation. In particular, the market value of trade credit varies with the liquidity of goods sold and competition in product markets. Evidence also indicates the value‐supplier financing association strengthens with financial constraint, which supports the financing motive for trade credit. Further findings are consistent with the transaction cost motive. Overall, we conclude that shareholders value the strategic benefits associated with supplier financing and that downstream firms’ characteristics influence this value.
The Development of L2 Japanese Self‐Introductions in an Asynchronous Computer‐Mediated Language Exchange
Authors: Hirotani Maki , Lyddon Paul A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractComputer‐mediated communication is an increasingly popular means of conducting classroom language exchanges, but those requiring asynchronous modes must generally forgo oral options in favor of text. This study explores the potential of asynchronous video, focusing on 15 university learners of Japanese in the United States in an interclass project with 26 English‐learning peers in Japan. Both groups performed online video self‐introductions in their second language (L2) before modeling the same task in their first language, completing a language awareness–raising activity on target language models of their choice, and performing a second self‐introduction in L2. The second L2 performances showed more elaborate discourse but no improvement in syntactic complexity. Implications are discussed for maximizing the pedagogical benefits of similar asynchronous online exchanges.
Students' Immersion Experiences in Study Abroad
Authors: Goldoni Federica 
Published: October 2015

AbstractData show that a larger number of students than ever are participating in learning experiences abroad. However, such programs are not always as immersive and intensive as participants, faculty, program directors, and administrators would wish. This study examines the ways in which students created sustained opportunities to interact with members of the host community as well as episodes of cultural clash, miscommunication, and misunderstanding experienced at the intersection of two cultures that led to diminishing willingness to interact with members of the host community. The article concludes with recommendations for pre‐departure experiences that are designed to help students become more aware of their sociocultural identities, cultural values, learning goals, and program expectations as well as to invest in their own learning and prepare to engage in sustained and meaningful ways with members of the host culture.
Effect of early rehabilitation on activities of daily living in patients with aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Yagi Maiko , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimoto Masashi , Koyama Teruyuki , Fujitani Junko 
Published: October 2015

AimTo assess the effect of early rehabilitation on improving activities of daily living (ADL) in elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia.MethodsUsing the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database, we retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with aspiration pneumonia at admission who received early rehabilitation (n = 48 201) or did not receive any rehabilitation (n = 64 357) from July 2010 to March 2013. Early rehabilitation was defined as any type of physical rehabilitation initiated within 7 days after admission. The proportions of improved ADL scores from admission to discharge were compared between the early rehabilitation group and the non‐rehabilitation group using a multivariable logistic regression analysis and instrumental variable analysis.ResultsThe proportion of improved ADL scores was higher in the early rehabilitation group than in the non‐rehabilitation group (25.4% vs 33.9%; P < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the early rehabilitation group exhibited significant improvement in ADL (odds ratio 1.57; 95% confidence interval 1.50–1.64; P < 0.001). The instrumental variable analysis showed that early rehabilitation was associated with increased proportion of improved ADL (risk difference 8.2%; 95% confidence interval 6.9–9.5%; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe present results suggest that early rehabilitation might improve ADL during hospitalization in patients with aspiration pneumonia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1181–1187.
Relationship among health‐related quality of life, depression and awareness of home care services in elderly patients
Authors: Polat Ülkü , Bayrak Kahraman Burcu , Kaynak İlknur , Görgülü Ümit 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe present descriptive study was carried out to determine the relationship between health‐related quality of life, depression and awareness of home care services among elderly patients.MethodsPatients aged 65 years or older staying at the surgery and internal medicine clinics were included in the study. The “Patient Introduction Form,” “Short Form‐36 Quality of Life Questionnaire” and “Geriatric Depression Scale” were utilized in the collection of data.ResultsIn the present study, it was determined that only approximately half of elderly patients (54.9%) knew the concept of home care, most of them had not previously received home care and requested home care related to medical care. The mean scores were lower in some areas of the quality of life questionnaire in some factors that could influence home care awareness. These factors were determined as: female sex, history of falling, chronic illness, functionally, moderately or severely dependent, no previous receipt of home care and wishing to receive home care.ConclusionsThe home care requirement of elderly patients can be influenced by many physiological, psychological and social factors that can affect their quality of life. Thus, it is of utmost importance that medical professionals evaluate the quality of life of elderly individuals and its influencing factors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1211–1219.
Disruption of MeCP2 attenuates circadian rhythm in CRISPR/Cas9‐based Rett syndrome model mouse
Authors: Tsuchiya Yoshiki , Minami Yoichi , Umemura Yasuhiro , Watanabe Hitomi , Ono Daisuke , Nakamura Wataru , Takahashi Tomoyuki , Honma Sato , Kondoh Gen , Matsuishi Toyojiro , Yagita Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2015

Methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (Mecp2) is an X‐linked gene encoding a methylated DNA‐binding nuclear protein which regulates transcriptional activity. The mutation of MECP2 in humans is associated with Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder. Patients with RTT frequently show abnormal sleep patterns and sleep‐associated problems, in addition to autistic symptoms, raising the possibility of circadian clock dysfunction in RTT. In this study, we investigated circadian clock function in Mecp2‐deficient mice. We successfully generated both male and female Mecp2‐deficient mice on the wild‐type C57BL/6 background and PER2Luciferase (PER2Luc) knock‐in background using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system. Generated Mecp2‐deficient mice recapitulated reduced activity in mouse models of RTT, and their activity rhythms were diminished in constant dark conditions. Furthermore, real‐time bioluminescence imaging showed that the amplitude of PER2Luc‐driven circadian oscillation was significantly attenuated in Mecp2‐deficient SCN neurons. On the other hand, in vitro circadian rhythm development assay using Mecp2‐deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) did not show amplitude changes of PER2Luc bioluminescence rhythms. Together, these results show that Mecp2 deficiency abrogates the circadian pacemaking ability of the SCN, which may be a therapeutic target to treat the sleep problems of patients with RTT.
Evaluation of Methane Sources in Groundwater in Northeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Molofsky Lisa J. , Connor John A. , Wylie Albert S. , Wagner Tom , Farhat Shahla K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTesting of 1701 water wells in northeastern Pennsylvania shows that methane is ubiquitous in groundwater, with higher concentrations observed in valleys vs. upland areas and in association with calcium‐sodium‐bicarbonate, sodium‐bicarbonate, and sodium‐chloride rich waters—indicating that, on a regional scale, methane concentrations are best correlated to topographic and hydrogeologic features, rather than shale‐gas extraction. In addition, our assessment of isotopic and molecular analyses of hydrocarbon gases in the Dimock Township suggest that gases present in local water wells are most consistent with Middle and Upper Devonian gases sampled in the annular spaces of local gas wells, as opposed to Marcellus Production gas. Combined, these findings suggest that the methane concentrations in Susquehanna County water wells can be explained without the migration of Marcellus shale gas through fractures, an observation that has important implications for understanding the nature of risks associated with shale‐gas extraction.
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A case report and review of the published work
Authors: Nakagawa Takashi , Arisaka Yoshifumi , Ajiki Tetsuo , Fujikura Kohei , Masuda Atsuhiro , Takenaka Mamoru , Shiomi Hideyuki , Okabe Yoshihiro , Fukumoto Takumi , Ku Yonson , Azuma Takeshi , Zen Yoh 
Published: October 2015

Recent studies have suggested that a peculiar tumor mimicking intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPN) of the pancreas can develop in the bile duct. Here, we present a similar case and review the published work on the newly proposed biliary neoplasm. A 68‐year‐old woman was referred to us for further evaluation of a liver mass. On imaging, the tumor was 40 mm in size and intraductal in location, and was enhanced slightly on the contrast‐enhanced computed tomography. No mucin overproduction was found. She underwent right hepatectomy for suspected intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. The tumor histologically consisted of the biliary‐type epithelium arranged in a tubular architecture within the dilated bile duct. Tumor cells had features of high‐grade dysplasia but no stroma invasion. No expressions of MUC2 and MUC5AC were noted. On molecular studies, KRAS and GNAS appeared to be wild‐type genotypes. These features were in keeping with ITPN. In the published work review, “biliary ITPN” described in four manuscripts were characterized by predominantly intrahepatic/hilar in location, histological tubular architecture, negative expressions of MUC2 and MUC5AC, and uncommon alterations of KRAS, GNAS and BRAF. Although invasive malignancy was present in 71%, the outcome was favorable with the 5‐year survival expected to be approximately 90%. Biliary ITPN are supposedly uncommon, but a greater awareness of this condition may give more chance to diagnose the underrecognized neoplasm.
Subject or Signifier?: Food and the History of Early North America
Authors: LaCombe Michael A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhen food appears in the scholarly literature on early America, it is most often as part of a discussion of other subjects. Social historians and ethnohistorians have interpreted particular foods as a defining feature of African and Native American cultures, measuring their endurance and/or assimilation with European society by reference to those foods. Social historians of gender have found the roots of larger social relationships in the daily labor necessary to produce food. Other historians have seen in staple crops or characteristic recipes a means to trace either the regional variations in British America or the convergence of those cultures into an American national identity. A final group has focused on commodities, especially tea and sugar, as the driving force behind the development of 18th‐century consumer culture and norms of gentility. Food is a common thread in each of these fields of study but not, as yet, a field of its own.More recent studies of food in early America suggest that a new phase in the scholarship is emerging, with distinct advances over these earlier approaches. Where earlier accounts interpreted food as deriving its meaning from a single discourse or stable set of symbols (gender, status, race, ethnicity, or gentility, for example), food in this newer literature is multifaceted and polyvalent. At any given place, time, and occasion, food can be a subject in its own right, a signifier with multiple connotations, or both: food is at once a biological necessity, the focus of daily life and household labor, a marker of identity, and a measure of social inequality. Given this complexity, newer literature has called into question historians' understanding of how cultures and identities are transmitted from place to place or generation to generation and has articulated a more nuanced understanding of cultural exchange and encounter. These are arguably food's greatest potential contributions to the historiography of early America and vice versa.
Museums, History and Migration in Australia
Authors: Henrich Eureka 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is easy to take the presence of migration histories in Australian museums for granted. After all, most Australians are descended from immigrants, Australia's cultural diversity is celebrated as a national strength, and museums must represent and explain that diversity in order to tell stories of the nation's past. However, it is only in the last 30 years that experiences of migration have become the subject of collections, exhibitions and even entire museums in Australia. In light of recent research and scholarly work, this article surveys how migration history is portrayed in Australian museums. It reveals that creators of migration exhibitions have constantly negotiated a tension between an inclusive and affirming ‘nation of immigrants’ story and the more difficult histories of conflict, difference and exclusion that characterise Australia's history of migration. Curatorial approaches to this tension have been shaped by changing political climates, public attitudes to migrants and multiculturalism, and community demands for representation in cultural institutions. International museological events, such as the opening of Ellis Island Immigration Museum in New York in 1990, have also been influential. When located within these institutional, social and political contexts, exhibitions of migration history in Australia can be understood through three broad and overlapping phases. The earliest exhibitions, beginning in the mid‐1980s, aimed to integrate minority migrant experiences into a pluralistic national story in order to overturn previous mono‐cultural narratives of national becoming. A second phase of exhibitions, from the mid‐1990s overtly democratised this ‘new’ migration narrative in an attempt to appeal to Anglo‐Celtic Australians who did not identify with multiculturalism. While elements of both approaches remain, in last decade Australian museums have begun to look beyond migrations to the nation and towards an exploration of transnational networks, personal belonging and dislocation, and the idea of home.
Animals and Imperialism: Recent Historiographical Trends
Authors: Skabelund Aaron 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the last decade or so, an increasing number of historians have written about the relationship between animals and imperialism. Their work builds on pioneering scholarship by environmental historian Alfred Crosby and cultural historians Harriet Ritvo and John MacKenzie, among others. Recent writing on animals and imperialism, influenced by wider trends in animal studies and history, has taken this topic in new directions. Namely, history writing on animals and imperialism has become more concerned with actual animals and their relationship with people, the metaphorical deployment of creatures, animal agency, and sources that give voice to animals. Work on animals and imperialism will likely benefit from becoming less Western‐centric and more transnational and transimperial.
“We are Brothers! Let us Separate!” Jews and Community Building in American Cities during the 19th Century
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe article examines the evolution of organized Jewish communities in the United States during the second half of the 19th century. After discussing why the historiography tends to focus on New York, the beginnings of the organized Jewish community in Chicago serves as a case study to highlight the challenges Jewish immigrants faced as they tried to build communities. Landsmanshaft, class, religion, voluntary membership, and the enormous size and diversity of urban Jewish populations after 1850 precluded the recreation of tight‐knit European‐style communities. By avoiding sources of conflict, notably religion, the traditional social tasks of the community emerged as the smallest common denominator bringing Jews of different backgrounds together on a single platform.