bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning and expression of a broad pH stable GH11 xylanase from Aspergillus niger C71 / Aspergillus niger C71 den geniş pH aralığında dengeli olan GH11 xylanaz klonlaması ve ekspresyonu
Authors: Nie Guo-Xing , Zhang Jian-Xin , Shan Jin-Feng , Ming Hong , Song Dong-Ying , Duan Yan-Yan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Objective: To clone a full-length cDNA sequence of xynB, encoding endo-1,4-β-xylanase of Aspergillus niger C71 and express in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).
Methods: The xynB was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. The sequenced DNA was compared with the available sequences from GenBank using the BLASTX program, and the phylogenetic tree of the xylanases was then constructed using MEGA version 5.0. The amino acid sequences of XYNB were submitted to the ESyPred3D Web Server 1.0 for Homology modeling. The XYNB was purified by MonoQ an ion exchange chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.
Results: The results showed that xynB is 678 bp in length, and encodes a 18 amino acid signal peptide as well as a 22 amino acid mature peptide with a calculated molecular weight of 24.127 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis of xynB, three-dimensional structure and overlap analysis of XYNB demonstrated that XYNB has a β-jelly-roll architecture, which is more conversation in the catalytic domain of GH11 xylanases, belonging to the family 11 of glycosyl hydrolases. A maximum enzyme activity of 62,242.33 U•ml-1 was obtained from XYNB. The XYNB with MW of 41 kDa demonstrated a broad pH stability from pH 3.0 to pH 12. 0.5 mM of Fe2+ could greatly enhance activity of XYNB to 567.02%. The mainly hydrolysis products of beechwood xylan were xylobiose. The hydrolysis products of XYNB effecting on beechwood xylan were analysed by HPLC.
Conclusion: The xynB had been successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, with high enzyme activity and a broad pH stability, and it would be a very good application prospect as the feed enzyme.
Brain Function and Writing with the Unaccustomed Left Hand
Authors: Dawson GA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Twenty right-handed subjects were asked to handprint a passage containing all the letters of the alphabet once with each hand. The purpose was to describe the changes a document examiner can expect to find in handprinting done with the unaccustomed left hand and to offer a hypothesis as to why these changes occur. It was found that many of the writers displayed persistent differences between their right- and left-hand writings. It is suggested that these differences were due to both a lack of manual dexterity when writing with the unaccustomed left hand and to the fact that different neurophysiological processes are involved.
A Review of The Coroner's Autopsy
Authors: Smith JH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The subtitle of this book, “A Guide to Non-Criminal Autopsies for the General Pathologist,” is sufficient justification for its publication. In Britain, Canada, and, I suspect, the United States, the majority of “coroner's autopsies” are performed by general pathologists operating out of local hospitals. Many of these pathologists have no formal training in forensic pathology and gain experience and hopefully expertise on a case-by-case basis. The difference between a hospital and medicolegal autopsy is essentially one of the approach. The approach to forensic science cases is well-defined in this book.
Simultaneous Electrophoretic Determination of Phosphoglucomutase Subtypes, Adenosine Deaminase, Erythrocyte Acid Phosphatase, and Adenylate Kinase Enzyme Phenotypes
Authors: Wolson TL , Stuver WC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Many of the conventional agarose phosphoglucomutase (PGM) subtyping systems presently in use fail to provide a good separation between the 1+ and 2− bands as well as the 2+ band and the more anodic moving bands. Use of a 1-mm-thick gel composed of 1% ISO GEL (FMC Corp.) and phosphate-citric acid gel and tank buffers with a pH of 5.3 provided exceptionally good separation between all four of the major subtyping bands. The additional criteria for this procedure is a voltage of 21 V/cm and a run time of 4 h. Utilization of this procedure using case samples of varied ages proved the reliability of the procedure. Also examined were the effects of several reducing agents on the enzyme band patterns and the use of this system for the simultaneous determinations of the adenosine deaminase (ADA), erythrocyte acid phosphatase (EAP), and adenylate kinase (AK) enzyme phenotypes.
Isotachophoretic Analysis of Bloodstains: Differentiation of Human, Menstrual, Bovine, and Ovine Bloods
Authors: Alsawaf K , Tu AT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Isotachophoresis, a technique to separate components by constant current electrophoresis, was used to differentiate between bloodstains of male, female, menstrual, bovine, and ovine bloods on cotton cloth and filter paper. Bloodstain analysis by isotachophoresis of stains from male and female subjects showed identical cationic patterns, but gave different profiles in the anionic system. Plasma had one extra peak in the anionic system when compared to the profile of serum. This extra peak is due to the presence of fibrinogen in plasma. Some hemoglobin peaks overlapped with serum protein peaks, but these could be identified by comparisons at lower concentrations. Menstrual blood had a much different pattern than normal human blood as was expected since many more compounds are found in menstrual blood than in normally circulating blood. Human, bovine, and ovine bloodstains showed different profiles both in the cationic and anionic systems. These results indicate that isotachophoresis can be used for the rapid and simple analysis of bloodstains to differentiate reliably human male, female, and menstrual blood and also to distinguish human bloodstains from those of cattle or sheep.
An Analysis of a Prehistoric Homicide from Northern California
Authors: Murad TA , Mertz D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An analysis was performed on a prehistoric human vertebral column recovered during an archaeological excavation in the Sierra of northern California. Fifteen burials believed to represent the Maidu culture of 400 to 700 years ago were recovered. The vertebral column from one of the individuals is particularly significant because of three embedded projectile points. The analysis attempts to recreate the trajectory of each point; to determine the possible extent of damage done by each with emphasis upon which could have been fatal; and by employing available ethnographic and archaeological data, to suggest the possible circumstances surrounding the violent event. The conclusion suggests that death may have resulted from any of the three wounds and was probably the result of an intratribal dispute.
Childhood Suicide: A Report of Four Cases
Authors: Copeland AR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A study of childhood suicide in individuals aged twelve years or less was performed on the case files of the Office of the Medical Examiner of Metropolitan Dade County in Miami, FL, over the eight-year period from 1977 to the present. Four cases were collected; these are presented in some detail. A discussion then ensues along with a review of pertinent literature concerning this phenomenon.
Retrieval of Analytical Data and Substance Identification in Systematic Toxicological Analysis by the Mean List Length Approach
Authors: Franke J-P , de Zeeuw RA , Schepers PGAM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Chromatographic techniques are basic tools in systematic toxicological analysis. Extensive data bases with retention parameters of known drugs to aid in the identification of substances found are available or in preparation. For a search in such a data base the computer is indispensable. The commonly used window search has some disadvantages which can be overcome by a search based on the statistical concept, the mean list length. The latter retrieval system gives for each candidate in the identification process a probability value. It is shown that these probability values are highly influenced by the reproducibility of the retention parameters of the analytical systems used. Explanations for these phenomena are given.
Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Cholinesterase Activity in Postmortem Blood
Authors: Baselt RC , Shaw RF , McEvilly R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Thirty-two postmortem blood specimens, with and without sodium fluoride as preservative, were analyzed for cholinesterase activity by the Michel method. The fluoridated specimens, which contained from 0.7 to 31 mg/mL (average 6.3) of sodium fluoride, were found to exhibit cholinesterase activities that were 5 to 59% (average 25%) lower than the duplicate unfluoridated specimens. We concluded that, while this decrease is quite significant, a fluoridated post-mortem blood specimen may be used for the measurement of cholinesterase activity when a non-fluoridated specimen is unavailable.
A Review of Forensic Photography
Authors: Graves WM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
If you have had the experience of shooting rolls of film on an important death investigation, whether it be death scene, autopsy photographs, or pictures of evidence, and your photos are rendered useless by over- or under-exposure, lack of a measuring guide, extraneous blood and gore rendering them inadmissable, or for any other reason, you are aware of the value of at least a minimum of knowledge in photographic technique.
Hydromorphone Detected in Bile Following Hydrocodone Ingestion
Authors: Park JI , Nakamura GR , Griesemer EC , Noguchi TT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Two similar cases are reported here in which Tussionex® a preparation containing hydrocodone and phenyltoloxamine, caused or contributed to death. Toxicological analyses revealed a high concentration ratio of hydromorphone to hydrocodone in the bile in both cases. It is postulated that the finding of hydromorphone is due to the metabolism of hydrocodone.
Interpretation of Gm Testing Results: Two Case Histories
Authors: Shaler RC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Two cases in which bloodstains and seminal stain evidence were important were subjected to the identification of Gm antigenic determinants. In the first case, the identification of the seminal stain showed the absence of Gm 1 and 12 determinants and the presence of Gm 4. The interpretation of these results would on the surface suggest that the seminal evidence came from one of two suspects. However, since the absence of Gm 12, which occurs on the immunoglobulin G (IgG) 3 subclass, was not confirmed by the demonstration of another IgG 3 subclass Gm antigenic determinant this result was inconclusive. In the second case, bloodstain and seminal fluid evidence showed that seminal fluid identified on the victim's nightgown had Gm antigenic determinants consistent with those of the suspect and also that blood on the suspect's underpants had Gm antigenic determinants consistent with the deceased's blood. The results of these two cases are interpreted with regard to the Gm results obtained.
Rapid Microscopic Identification of Synthetic Fibers in a Single Liquid Mount
Authors: Fong W 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Most natural fibers are either cellulosic or proteinaceous and can be identified readily by unique morphological features. Synthetic fibers, on the other hand, vary only slightly in shape characteristics. They can, however, because of great compositional differences, be distinguished by their refractive indices, which can often be determined by dispersion staining. A simple scheme is proposed using this technique on fibers mounted in Cargille high-dispersion liquid (index of refraction for 25¼ and sodium light equal to 1.525).
Analysis of Fatalities from Acute Narcotism in a Major Urban Area
Authors: Hine CH , Wright JA , Allison DJ , Stephens BG , Pasi A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The incidence of acute, fatal narcotism in San Francisco was determined to be 3.2% of all deaths (10 882) subject to medical examiner's inquiry in a five-year period. Heroin was responsible for the greatest number of these cases, usually accompanied by alcohol or other abused drugs. The median concentration of the heroin metabolite, morphine, in the blood in fatal cases was 20 /¼g/dL. Death from propoxyphene, the second most frequently encountered narcotic, was generally determined to be suicidal, while death from heroin was judged to be accidental. The highest rate occurred in black males between the ages of 21 and 30 years. The three most consistent findings were positive identification of the drug in the body (100% of the cases), pulmonary edema (90.4% of the cases), and microscopic liver changes (71.1% of the cases).
Determination of Sex of White Femora by Discriminant Function Analysis: Forensic Science Applications
Authors: Taylor JV , DiBennardo R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Stepwise multiple discriminant function analysis is used to establish classification functions for sex assessment of North American white femora. The functions correctly assign sex for 82% of a sample consisting of 85 femora of verified age, sex, and race, and for a similarly verified test sample of 30. The objectives are to provide criteria for sexing poorly preserved and fragmentary unknown specimens and a statement of the probable accuracy of such assessments in individual cases. The application of the method to forensic casework is illustrated by a sample case.
Spontaneous Live Birth with a Maternal History of Intravenous Use of Pentazocine and Tripelennamine (T's and Blues)
Authors: Schaffer MI , Lin R-L , Wu Chen NB , Trojan C , Teas S , Stein RJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 24-year-old black female presented a live birth of six-months gestation. The 700-g neonate survived for 11 h. After toxicology revealed the presence of pentazocine and tripelennamine (T's and Blues), the mother admitted to using this combination intravenously 9 h previous to admission. Concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine were simultaneously determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) combined with nitrogen selective detection. Analyses were performed on a 3% OV-101 column, with the added internal standard, dexbrompheniramine. Both pentazocine and tripelennamine were qualitatively confirmed by their electron impact mass spectra. Concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine in various fluids and tissues were determined.
Laceration of the Stomach by Blunt Trauma in a Child: A Case of Child Abuse
Authors: Case MES , Nanduri R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case of perforation of the stomach following blunt abdominal trauma is described in a two-year-old boy. The abdominal trauma was the result of a blow to the abdomen by the stepfather. The child had ingested a large meal in the hour preceding the injury. The child died from peritonitis and shock 12 h following the injury. The literature on gastric perforation by blunt trauma is reviewed. Injuries to the stomach from nonpenetrating trauma are quite rare and are most often related to vehicular accidents. Gastric injury in a child presenting with a history of a minor home or play injury should arouse suspicion of more significant and perhaps intentional trauma.
The Quantitation of Psilocybin in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Sottolano SM , Lurie IS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an acetonitrile, water, and phosphoric acid mobile phase and a bonded cyano-amino-type polar phase column has been developed for the rapid, selective, and accurate quantitation of psilocybin in dry mushroom material. A simple one-step procedure is used for the quantitative extraction of psilocybin in under 60 min. The 267:254 nm absorbance ratio is used as a check on peak purity for the psilocybin response.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Measurement of Total and Specific Serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Authors: Mirchandani HG , Mirchandani IH , House D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Postmortem evaluation of total and specific serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody levels by the paper radio immuno sorbent test (PRIST) and radio allergo sorbent test (RAST), respectively, revealed that there was no significant elevations in total circulating IgE or in specific IgE antibodies to house dust, Dermatophagoides farinae (house dust mite), Alterarnia tenuis (mold), or milk proteins for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims when compared to a control group.
A Computer-Assisted Population Frequency Study of 14 Polymorphic Blood Grouping Systems in North Carolina
Authors: Nelson MS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Results of a population frequency study conducted on 14 polymorphic blood grouping systems in the North Carolina white and black populations are reported. A microcomputer program has been developed to facilitate the handling and storage of the large volume of data generated during the two years it took to complete this study. This computer program was also designed to calculate the combined phenotypic frequency for a given set of blood types.
High-Speed Extraction of Accelerants from Arson Debris
Authors: Higgins KM , Higgins MK , Oakes CL , Braverman SF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Since the early 1960s, gas chromatography has been used as a means of determining the presence of hydrocarbons in fire residues. Recently, the sensitivity of headspace analysis of the vapors over samples which are contained in metal paint cans and heated to 90°C in a conventional oven has been improved with the use of a charcoal-adsorption tube fitted to a vacuum system. However, the use of paint cans for the collection of samples in the field by the investigator has caused both numerous transportation and storage problems and the loss of valuable laboratory time, which varies from 1 to 3 h, in the analysis of these samples. This paper discusses the replacement of the conventional, convection oven with the microwave oven for sample heating and thereby also the replacement of metal paint cans with polyester bags for sample storage and collection in order to effect minimal laboratory analysis time and to increase the subsequent sensitivity of the accelerant vapor collection.
A Fire Investigation Involving Combustion of Carpet Material
Authors: Howard J , Bruce McKague A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Headspace samples taken from a charred carpet recovered from a fire site and from pyrolyzed styrene-butadiene copolymer were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that all volatile components associated with the carpet samples could be accounted for by pyrolysis of styrene-butadiene rubber used in either foam underlays or latex carpet backing adhesives. No evidence for arson was found.
The Role of the Forensic Scientist in the Application of Chemical Tests for Alcohol in Traffic Law Enforcement
Authors: Biasotti AA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The role and ethical responsibilities of the forensic scientist are reviewed. The context of this discussion includes the application and support of chemical tests for alcohol statutes in the United States adversary system of justice. The goal of this review is to stimulate awareness among the various participants (that is, scientist, prosecutor, defense counsel, judges, and law enforcement officials) in traffic law enforcement situations. Their mutual understanding and cooperation is essential to the effective and efficient use of chemical test procedures. The relative scientific weight that should be given to blood, breath, and urine tests for alcohol is presented.
Casting, Another Means of Identification
Authors: McGraw AC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Casting with plaster and silicone is an invaluable tool in identifying victims as well as perpetrators of a crime. Plaster is used for making foot, shoe, and tire impressions. It is excellent for casting bite marks and wounds. Plaster is ideal for making positive impressions of the fingers and palms of deceased persons who are so badly decomposed that inked impressions cannot be made. Silicone is used for casting toolmarks, and to make negative impressions of fingers and palms of deceased persons. It is also outstanding for lifting latent prints from doorknobs, bottle-necks, and other odd shaped items where it would be impossible to use tape without wrinkling, thereby, destroying the print.
Stomach Rupture by Infusion Pump and Foley Catheter
Authors: Donoghue ER , Lifschultz BD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A nine-month-old girl who had successfully undergone surgery for esophageal atresia sustained a rupture of the stomach when an infusion pump was inadvertently connected to the balloon port of a Foley catheter being used as a gastrostomy tube. A strong similarity in appearance and feel of the balloon port and the drainage port of the catheter was created when a clear plastic adapter was inserted in the drainage port for connection of the pump tubing. Other factors contributing to the accident were poor lighting at the time of the connection, failure of the infusion pump occlusion alarm to activate at pressures low enough to prevent injury, and the reduced size of the child's stomach following surgery.
Toxicologic Studies in a Fatal Overdose of 2,4-D, Mecoprop, and Dicamba
Authors: Fraser AD , Isner AF , Perry RA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A suicidal poisoning committed by a 61-year-old woman, who ingested an unknown quantity of Killex®, containing in aqueous solution 100 g/L of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 50 g/L of mecoprop, and 9 g/L of dicamba as amine salts is described. Quantitation of chlorophenoxy acids was performed by extraction from an acidified mixture and concentration before high performance liquid chromatography analysis. All three herbicides were separated in a phosphate buffer/acetonitrile mixture at 280 nm on a RP-8 column. Concentrations of herbicides found were: in blood—520-mg/L 2,4-D, 530-mg/L mecoprop, and 170-mg/L dicamba; in urine—670-mg/L 2,4-D and 520-mg/L mecoprop; in bile—340-mg/L 2,4-D, 530-mg/L mecoprop, and 140-mg/L dicamba; and in liver—540-mg/Kg 2,4-D, 500-mg/Kg mecoprop, and &lt; 100-mg/Kg dicamba. Liquid chromatography was found to be a reliable method for herbicide quantitation in biological tissues and fluids. The technique offered definite advantages over ultraviolet spectrophotometry and avoids the derivatization requirement for gas chromatography.
A Review of Ethics, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology
Authors: Wiecking DK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Ethics, Legal Medicine and Forensic Pathology is as its inclusive title indicates an attempt to incorporate in one small volume of 279 pages all that most any physician would want to know about medical jurisprudence and forensic pathology in the Common Law countries, particularly Australia. The author has taken his lectures from medical school and woven them together in a relatively inclusive text which should be of great value to senior medical students, house officers, and young general practitioners.