bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance students' readiness for and interest in collaboration and social media
Authors: Poellhuber Bruno , Anderson Terry , Racette Nicole , Upton Lorne 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how researchers from four large Canadian distance education or dual mode institutions conducted a survey aiming to describe the use of and interest in social software and Web 2.0 applications by distance education students and to measure their interest in collaborating with peers.Design/methodology/approachIn order to do this, an online questionnaire was distributed to students from four large Canadian distance education institutions. A systematic sampling procedure led to 3,462 completed questionnaires. The results show that students have diverse views and experiences, but they also show strong and significant age and gender differences in a variety of measures, as well as an important institution effect for interest in collaboration.FindingsMales and younger students score higher on almost all indicators, including cooperative preferences. In this paper the authors review quantitative results from the survey from earlier work (Poellhuber et al.) and present an analysis of the qualitative data gathered from open‐ended questions in the survey. Answers to open‐ended questions regarding the expectation and interest in using social software in their courses, show that students have positive expectations about interactions and course quality, but also concerns about technical, time, and efficiency issues.Research limitations/implicationsThe probabilist sampling, as well as the high number of respondents, are forces. The limits of the research are linked to its survey methodology, possible self‐selection bias, history effect and social desirability effect.Practical implicationsThe study opens avenues to those who consider the integration of social software or Web 2.0 tools in distance courses.Social implicationsIt also offers guidance to those who consider using social software for learning purposes in general.Originality/valueWhile social media and social networking tools offer new educational affordances and avenues for students to interact, that may alleviate the drop‐out rate problem faced by distance education institutions. Little is known about distance students' expertise with social media or their interest in using them to learn individually or to collaborate with peers.
The Right to the City: Road to Rio 2010
Authors: Brown Alison 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the last decade, the right to the city has evolved as a powerful rallying cry in the struggle against the exclusionary processes of globalization and the commodification of urban space, and in conflicts over who has claim to the city and what kind of city it should be. Drawing on the work of Henri Lefebvre the vision of the right to the city has inspired a global social movement, legislative reform in Latin America and international debates (e.g. at World Urban Forum 5 in Rio de Janeiro). Nevertheless, despite its theoretical appeal, the content remains elusive and implementation is fraught with challenges. This article critically examines the right to the city through the lens of contributions to the UN‐HABITAT e‐debate in November/December 2009, which gave voice to those who might otherwise not be heard. Drawing on these contributions, the article argues for a new conceptualization of citizenship, and for a redefinition of the role of the local state and social actors in implementing the rights‐based agenda that the right to the city entails.
Relative incidence, spatial distribution and genetic diversity of cucurbit viruses in eastern Spain
Authors: Juarez M. , Legua P. , Mengual C.M. , Kassem M.A. , Sempere R.N. , Gómez P. , Truniger V. , Aranda M.A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractViral diseases that could cause important economic losses often affect cucurbits, but only limited information on the incidence and spatial distribution of specific viruses is currently available. During the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons, systematic surveys were carried out in open field melon (Cucumis melo), squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) crops of the Spanish Community of Valencia (eastern Spain), where several counties have a long standing tradition of cucurbit cultivation and production. Surveyed fields were chosen with no previous information as to their sanitation status, and samples were taken from plants that showed virus‐like symptoms. Samples were analysed using molecular hybridisation to detect Beet pseudo‐yellows virus (BPYV), Cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus (CABYV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). We collected 1767 samples from 122 independent field plots; out of these, approximately 94% of the samples were infected by at least one of these viruses. Percentages for the more frequently detected viruses were 35.8%, 27.0%, 16.5% and 7.2% for CABYV, WMV, PRSV and ZYMV, respectively, and significant deviations were found on the frequency distributions based on either the area or the host sampled. The number of multiple infections was high (average 36%), particularly for squash (more than 57%), with the most frequent combination being WMV + PRSV (12%) followed by WMV + CABYV (10%). Sequencing of WMV complementary DNA suggested that ‘emerging’ isolates have replaced the ‘classic’ ones, as described in southern regions of France, leading us to believe that cucurbit cultivation could be severely affected by these new, emerging isolates.
A new population‐based reference curve for symphysis–fundus height
Authors: Pay Aase Serine D. , Frøen Jan Frederik , Staff Anne Cathrine , Jacobsson Bo , Gjessing Håkon K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo present a new gestational‐age‐specific percentile curve for symphysis–fundus (SF) height and to determine the effects of maternal and fetal covariates.DesignA population‐based register study.SettingAntenatal clinics in Västra Götaland County, Sweden, between 2005 and 2010.PopulationA total of 42 018 women with ultrasound‐dated singleton pregnancies who delivered at Sahlgrenska University Hospital.Main outcome measuresMeasurement of SF height.MethodsA non‐linear regression of SF height on day of pregnancy was used to construct a reference chart for the median and other percentiles of SF height.ResultsThe new reference curve for SF height showed almost linear growth until term. The median value was considerably larger at each gestational age compared with the curves for SF height used in Norway and Denmark. Compared with the curve currently used in Sweden, higher median values were observed only at gestational ages >34 weeks, accompanied by an upward shift in all percentiles. The only notably influential covariates were maternal pre‐pregnancy weight and height.ConclusionsThe new reference curve for SF height shows a pattern that is different from the Scandinavian reference curves of older origin, reflecting changes in the pregnant population, as well as methodological differences. The new curve can be adjusted for maternal and fetal covariates to suit individual pregnancies.
The risk variant in ODZ4 for bipolar disorder impacts on amygdala activation during reward processing
Authors: Heinrich Angela , Lourdusamy Anbarasu , Tzschoppe Jelka , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Bühler Mira , Steiner Sabina , Bach Christiane , Poustka Luise , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth , Büchel Christian , Conrod Patricia , Garavan Hugh , Gallinat Jürgen , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Loth Eva , Mann Karl , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Paus Tomáš , Pausova Zdenka , Smolka Michael , Ströhle Andreas , Struve Maren , Witt Stephanie , Flor Herta , Schumann Gunter , Rietschel Marcella , Nees Frauke 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesBipolar disorder is a severe mood disorder, which normally begins during adolescence or early adulthood and has a heritability of up to 80%. The largest genome‐wide association analysis of bipolar disorder recently identified a new genome‐wide associated variant in OZD4 (rs12576775). The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the role of this risk variant in the disease process using an imaging genetics approach. As increased amygdala and striatal responses during the processing of reward and emotion are characteristic for bipolar disorder patients, it was tested whether the risk variant has an influence on this endophenotype in healthy adolescents.MethodsWe examined the impact of the risk variant rs12576775 on functional magnetic resonance imaging data in an adolescent sample (N = 485). Differential activation between carriers of the risk allele (G‐allele) and homozygous A‐allele carriers in the amygdala and the striatum during a modification of the monetary incentive delay task (examining reward) and a face task (examining emotion) was analyzed.ResultsCarriers of the risk allele showed an increased blood oxygen level‐dependent response in the amygdala during reward sensitivity (p = 0.05) and reward expectation (p < 0.05) but not during the face task. No significant group differences were found in the striatum during both reward and emotion processing.ConclusionOur results indicate that the ODZ4 risk variant influences reward processing in the amygdala. Alterations in the processing of emotion may have different underlying mechanisms and need to be further examined.
The Farmer and Landscape Management: Different Roles, Different Policy Approaches
Authors: Primdahl Jørgen , Kristensen Lone S. , Busck Anne G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe relationship between farming and landscape is a topical and disputed issue – in academia, among policy analysts and between policy makers and involved citizens. At a general level, agriculture affects most rural landscapes, and when agriculture changes, landscapes change, often with great implications for biodiversity, cultural heritage, recreation and other functions. The farmer is the key agent concerning landscape management decisions and practices, and the landscape is managed through three roles. As producers of food, fibre and energy, farmers affect landscape processes and structures through the production practices applied. In this respect, farmers usually consider themselves and their colleagues as skilful and professional producers. As owners of farm properties, farmers take more long‐term decisions concerning overall land uses and buildings, and owners are legally responsible for landscape changes more often than producers. When land is leased, producers and owners are two different agents, and when large cooperations are running the farm, the ‘owner’ dimension may be of limited significance. Finally, farmers are also members of local communities in which they may participate in collective landscape projects. In addition, farmers may also in their individual choices and practices include concerns for neighbours. Farmers may therefore also manage the local landscape in the role as citizens. A growing number of public policy measures are affecting farmers' landscape management with all three roles being of relevance. In these policies, however, farmers are often seen solely in their role as producers implying that they may be targeted inappropriately, because their management practices and the motives behind are interpreted too narrowly, and opportunities for more effective policies may therefore be missed.
Therapeutic efficacy of anti‐dandruff shampoos: A randomized clinical trial comparing products based on potentiated zinc pyrithione and zinc pyrithione/climbazole
Authors: Schwartz J. R. , Bacon R. A. , Shah R. , Mizoguchi H. , Tosti A. 
Published: April 2013

SynopsisObjectivesDandruff is a chronic, relapsing scalp condition that negatively impacts the quality of life of sufferers. Regular use of anti‐fungal shampoos represents a proven therapeutic strategy to improve the most common symptoms of flakes and itch. Two recent approaches for enhancing the efficacy of anti‐fungal shampoos are maximizing bio‐availability of the active material or the addition of a second active material. Our aim is to compare the therapeutic efficacy of these two approaches – maximization of bio‐availability of the zinc pyrithione (ZPT) active material or the combination of ZPT with a secondary active material.MethodsThe anti‐fungal potency of shampoos representing each of these approaches was evaluated in vitro using a standard microbiology method. Spatial delivery of ZPT particles in the follicular infundibulum was assessed in vivo using a novel confocal microscopy methodology. Clinical efficacy was assessed in a randomized, double‐blind trial involving 620 male and female subjects using scalp flaking and epidermal histamine level as endpoints.ResultsThe shampoo formula with maximized ZPT bio‐availability known as the Potentiated ZPT formula exhibited greater anti‐fungal potency than the Dual Active shampoo containing both ZPT and climbazole. The Potentiated ZPT formula also delivered more ZPT to the lower infundibulum than the Dual Active shampoo. A 4‐week treatment with the Potentiated ZPT formula resulted in superior clinical efficacy compared with the Dual Active product at all 4 weekly time points for both flaking and epidermal histamine endpoints.ConclusionThese results highlight the critical role that the shampoo vehicle plays in realizing full potency of active materials. By optimizing the delivery vehicle, the enhanced anti‐fungal potency and the maximized spatial delivery of active materials result in greater symptomatic improvement than a product with two active materials. The therapeutic efficacy of a product based on a complex delivery vehicle such as a shampoo must be considered from a full‐product perspective rather than just the active system as the non‐active components of the composition will often play a significant role in the overall product pharmacology and resultant efficacy.
Bioactive polyphenols from muscadine grape and blackcurrant stably concentrated onto protein‐rich matrices for topical applications
Authors: Plundrich N. , Grace M. H. , Raskin I. , Ann Lila M. 
Published: April 2013

SynopsisObjectivesNatural botanical agents that are antimicrobial, or that modulate skin hyperpigmentation via tyrosinase inhibition, are increasingly sought in the cosmetic industry.MethodsIn this study, an efficient tactic is demonstrated for concentrating and stabilizing skin‐beneficial bioactive compounds from muscadine grape and blackcurrant juice or muscadine pomace, into hemp flour (HF), hemp protein isolate (HPI) and soy protein isolate (SPI) matrices suitable for cosmetic applications.ResultsAnthocyanins were most efficiently captured from blackcurrant juice into HF (8.39 mg g−1). HPI most effectively captured total phenolics from muscadine pomace (72.32 and 77.32 mg g−1 from Noble and Carlos, respectively), while the three matrices incorporated highest levels of ellagic acid, gallic acid, and PAC B1 from Noble muscadine grape juice. The enriched matrices demonstrated effective in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase (up to 57.29% for blackcurrant juice‐HPI matrix), and in general, juice sources provided greater inhibition on L‐dopamine oxidation by tyrosinase than pomace sources. The polyphenol‐enriched matrices effectively inhibited microbial proliferation in a screening assay against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, whereas untreated HF, HPI or SPI did not inhibit bacterial growth.ConclusionThe technology of combining and stably concentrating phytoactive polyphenols with proteins has potential use for cosmetic topical applications.
SrLn2Al2O7 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm) Microwave Dielectric Ceramic New Materials
Authors: Yi Lei , Liu Xiao Qiang , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: April 2013

SrLn2Al2O7 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm) ceramics were proposed and investigated as new candidates for ultra‐low loss microwave dielectric materials. These ceramics indicated the Ruddlesden–Popper structure of general formula An+1BnO3n+1 with n = 2, which was composed by n perovskite layers alternating with one rock‐salt layer. Very high Qf value combined with a dielectric constant around 20 was obtained in the present ceramics, where the near‐zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency varied from negative to positive with changing Ln from La to Sm. The best combination of microwave dielectric characteristics was obtained as the following: εr = 18.2, Qf = 71,680 GHz, and τf = −22.1 ppm/°C for SrLa2Al2O7; εr = 20.5, Qf = 65,500 GHz, and τf = −4.3 ppm/°C for SrNd2Al2O7; and εr = 21.6, Qf = 64,680 GHz, and τf = +4.0 ppm/°C for SrSm2Al2O7.
Optimisation of hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with viral hepatitis: a quality improvement study
Authors: Kennedy N. A. , Rodgers A. , Altus R. , McCormick R. , Wundke R. , Wigg A. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with 6‐monthly ultrasound is a standard of care for higher‐risk patients with viral hepatitis. Adherence to screening guidelines is an important quality indicator in hepatology, but multiple studies have demonstrated poor HCC surveillance practices in real‐world settings.AimsThe aim of this project was to audit and then optimise HCC surveillance of viral hepatitis patients, who fulfilled criteria for screening, associated with a large tertiary hospital.Methods: Clinical practice improvement principles were utilised. A baseline audit of 22 consecutive viral hepatitis patients was performed. Major barriers preventing adequate surveillance were identified and three interventions to improve adherence to guidelines were introduced. These included: improved doctor education, system redesign and improved patient education. The effects of interventions were measured by serial random audits of patients. A final audit occurred over 3 years after the initial baseline audit.ResultsAt baseline, 46% and 0% of patients had appropriate surveillance performed during the prior 6 months (one surveillance cycle) and 2 years (four surveillance cycles) respectively. Three years after initiation of these strategies, a final audit revealed 92% (vs 46% at baseline) and 64% (vs 0% at baseline) of patients had appropriate HCC surveillance performed during the preceding 6 months and 2 years intervals respectively (P < 0.001 in each case).ConclusionsSimple and low‐cost interventions can considerably improve the clinical effectiveness of HCC screening programmes in real world settings. Clinical practice improvement principles appear to be a valid methodology for achieving this positive change.
Managing the generalised tonic–clonic seizure and preventing progress to status epilepticus: a stepwise approach
Authors: Dionisio S. , Brown H. , Boyle R. , Blum S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSeizures are a commonly encountered medical problem. Seizure protocols have been shown to be effective by avoiding inappropriate over‐ and undertreatment, but are not presently utilised in many centres inAustralia. We outline a stepwise approach to effective seizure management based on timely investigation and escalating treatment with an appropriate choice of medications. Because large‐scale clinical trials are lacking, we base our approach on the underlying seizure pathophysiology and the pharmacological properties of the available drugs. Early management consists of finding and correcting possible reversible causes and ensuring patient safety. With ongoing seizure length, spontaneous resolution becomes unlikely, necessitating administration of anti‐epileptic drugs. Benzodiazepines are the agents of first choice, with a preference of short‐acting drugs. With ongoing seizures, other agents (i.e. valproate, levetiracetam, phenobarbitone, phenytoin) are utilised. Refractory status epilepticus requires aggressive treatment in an intensive care setting. Novel approaches and agents, including ketamine, topiramate, lacosamide, pregabalin and intravenous immunoglobulins, are discussed. We provide our own recently developed hospital protocol as a guide. This protocol relies on a time‐based four‐step escalating approach to seizure management, ranging from supportive management of the initial simple seizure to the use of multiple agents for established status epilepticus.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 19 patients with Churg–Strauss syndrome from a single South Australian centre
Authors: Whyte A. F. , Smith W. B. , Sinkar S. N. , Kette F. E. , Hissaria P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundChurg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare, idiopathic systemic vasculitis. There is emerging evidence of an association between the presence or absence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and clinical phenotype. Thromboembolism is an increasingly recognised complication of the disease.AimsGiven the paucity of Australian data, the aim of this study was to examine the clinical and laboratory features of CSS in a single Australian centre.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for CSS managed at the Department of Immunology, Royal Adelaide Hospital between 2002 and 2008.ResultsNineteen patients were included. All patients had asthma and most had upper airway involvement. Peripheral nerve, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and cutaneous involvement was common. Renal and cardiac involvement was uncommon in this series. Histological confirmation was obtained in 15 patients (78.9%). Ten patients (52.6%) were ANCA+, and these were more likely to have musculoskeletal involvement, such as arthralgia or myalgia (odds ratio 57, P = 0.005). Thrombosis was a feature at diagnosis in six patients (31.6%); two of these recurred with relapse. Sixteen patients (84.2%) were followed up; five died, and mean survival was 8.9 years.ConclusionsThis is the first Australian study to focus on CSS. Our results demonstrate similar presentation and prognosis of CSS to previous descriptions; however, we noted that musculoskeletal involvement was more common in ANCA+ patients. In our series, thrombosis was a significant complication and we suggest that thromboprophylaxis may be warranted.
Relation Between Size, Colour and Spore Liberation from Rice Blast Lesions
Authors: Dhua Urmila 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSubstantial variation was observed in the liberation of spores from lesions of the same size but differing in colour. Most spores were liberated from purple grey lesions followed by yellow purple grey, yellow brown grey, brown grey, and brown lesions of the same size. The total number of spores liberated increased with lesion size in a colour series but the highest spore density was observed from 3 mm2 lesions coloured purple grey, yellow brown grey and from 5–6 mm2 lesions coloured yellow purple grey, brown grey. The big broad blast lesions, excluding purple grey, had transparent centres which were devoid of spores.ZusammenfassungDer Zusammenhang zwischen Größe, Farbe und Sporenfreilassung von Reis‐Blast‐LäsionenBeobachtet wurden beachtlich große Unterschiede in der Sporenfreilassung von Läsionen, die die gleiche Größe aber andere Farben hatten. Die meisten Sporen wurden von purpurgrauen Läsionen freigelassen, dann in der Reihenfolge gelb‐purpurgraue, gelb‐braungraue, braungraue und braune Läsionen der gleichen Größe. Innerhalb einer Farbreihe vergrößert sich die gesamte Anzahl von freigelassenen Sporen mit Läsionengröße, die höchste Sporenanzahl aber wurde bei 3 mm2 purpurgrauen und gelb‐braungrauen, bzw. bei 5‐6 mm2 gelb‐purpurgrauen und braungrauen Läsionen beobachtet. Die großen, breiten Blastläsionen, ausgenommen die purpurgrauen, hatten durchsichtige Zentren, die frei von Sporen waren.