bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient perceptions of success in obesity treatment: An IMI2 SOPHIA study
Authors: Farrell E. , Nadglowski J. , Hollmann E. , le Roux C. W. , McGillicuddy D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is anticipated that by 2030, 20% of the world's population will live with obesity. Success in the management of obesity is predominately determined in terms of BMI or percentage weight loss, yet the limitations of these have been widely recognized. This study aimed to understand patient definitions of success in obesity treatment.MethodsA series of in‐depth focus groups, carried out with n = 30 adults living with obesity, offered a qualitative insight into patient definitions of success.ResultsA thematic analysis of data yielded four thematic findings: Success as freedom from stigma, bias and the mental burden of obesity; success as being able to participate fully in the world; success as measured by NSVs [non‐scale victories]; and success is not a number on a scale.ConclusionsWhat this study highlights is (1) how current measures of success do not accurately encompass the priorities of people living with obesity, (2) the importance of addressing the psychological and emotional aspects of living with obesity in any definition of success , and (3) the importance of meaningful co‐creation of goals and indicators of success between clinician and patient for the effective management of the disease of obesity.
The medical and functional burden of surviving childhood ependymoma: A population‐based study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Coltin Hallie , Pequeno Priscila , Liu Ning , Tsang Derek S. , Gupta Sumit , Taylor Michael D. , Bouffet Eric , Ramaswamy Vijay , Nathan Paul C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have characterized the burden of late effects among childhood ependymoma survivors. To address this gap, we examined these sequelae using real‐world health services data in a population‐based ependymoma survivor cohort.MethodsAll individuals younger than 18 years diagnosed with an ependymoma in Ontario, Canada between 1987 and 2015 who had survived at least 5 years from their latest pediatric cancer event (index date) were matched 1:5 with population controls. Following linkage with provincial health services data, the cumulative incidences of multiple medical and functional outcomes between survivors and controls were compared.ResultsAmong 96 survivors, 77.1% had been irradiated and 9.4% had received cisplatin. At 10 years post‐index, survivors were at significantly higher risk of all‐cause mortality (7.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–13.3 vs. 0.3%, 95% CI: 0.0–1.0; p = .0002), non‐obstetric hospitalization (45.1%, 95% CI: 32.6–56.7 vs. 10.6%, 95% CI: 7.6–14.1; p < .0001), stroke (6.5%, 95% CI: 2.3–13.7 vs. 0%; p < .0001), severe hearing loss requiring an amplification device (7.5%, 95% CI: 2.7–15.7 vs. 0%; p < .0001), receiving homecare service (27.6%, 95% CI: 18.5–37.5 vs. 7.7%, 95% CI: 5.3–10.7; p < .0001), and submitting a disability support prescription claim (24.0%, 95% CI: 14.8–34.3 vs. 5.4%, 95% CI: 3.5–7.8; p < .0001) compared to controls.ConclusionsPediatric ependymoma survivors are highly vulnerable to severe late sequelae, including death, stroke, severe hearing loss, and disability. Urgent efforts are needed to improve risk‐stratification approaches that mitigate exposure to toxic therapies for children with lower risk disease. Interventions to prevent or decrease the risk of developing late sequelae are critical to optimizing survivor long‐term health.
Exploring the role of pain on physical activity among youth with acute lymphoblastic leukemia using the biopsychosocial model
Authors: van Asselt Anna E. , Gibler Robert C. , Tokala Meghan , Dreyer Gillette Meredith L. , Klages Kimberly L. , Gilbert Renee , Weber Jacee , Bates Carolyn R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundEngaging in physical activity (PA) throughout cancer treatment offers many benefits, but may be challenging due to cancer‐related pain. Pain research in pediatric cancer has primarily focused on procedural pain, with fewer studies exploring how pain affects PA. The current study qualitatively investigated the impact of pain on PA in youth with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using a biopsychosocial framework.ProcedureAs part of a larger study, caregivers (N = 17) of a child diagnosed with ALL and on treatment for less than 1 year completed a semi‐structured interview about perceptions of their child's health behaviors during ALL treatment. This secondary analysis focused specifically on discussions about pain and its impact on PA. We followed Braun and Clarke's (2006) six‐step thematic analysis framework to identify themes of pain‐related barriers to PA.ResultsKey pain‐related barriers endorsed by caregivers included: interactions among pain and treatment effects, caregiver distress around seeing their child in pain, and fear of interfering with medical equipment. Despite these barriers, caregivers found creative solutions to adapt activities for their child. Caregivers were reassured by PA advice from their medical team; however, advice varied between teams.ConclusionThe relationship between pain and PA during ALL treatment is influenced by an intricate system of biological (e.g., treatment effects), psychological (e.g., parental distress), and social (e.g., communication among families and medical teams) factors. Future directions include identifying evidence‐based PA recommendations and exploring family–team communication dynamics. This study also highlights a need to prioritize ALL pain management and involve caregivers in behavioral treatment protocols to improve PA.
Management of neonatal and infant aortic thrombosis: A single‐center case series
Authors: Lapite Ajibike , Abu‐Arja Mohammad H. , Han Hyojeong , Lee‐Kim YoungNa , Sartain Sarah E. , Cohen Clay T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeonatal and infant aortic thrombosis is a rare albeit life‐threatening thrombotic event, particularly seen in premature infants with an arterial catheter in place. We describe our institutional experience and approach to the management of 11 infants with occlusive or nearly occlusive aortic thrombosis. We observed at least partial thrombus resolution in all patients. Complications related to our management included minor bleeding in two children receiving thrombolytic therapy, and two major bleeding events in children receiving anticoagulation alone. Our experience adds to the growing body of evidence that thrombolysis and thrombectomy should be considered in managing neonatal/infant aortic thrombosis.
Analogs of Cyclic Peptide Mortiamide‐D From Marine Fungi Have Improved Membrane Permeability and Kill Drug‐Resistant Melanoma Cells
Authors: Bergeron Catherine , Bérubé Christopher , Lamb Henry , Koda Yasuko , Craik David J. , Henriques Sónia Troeira , Voyer Normand , Lawrence Nicole 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTargeted melanoma therapies, including treatment with the small molecule drug dabrafenib, can become ineffective due to acquired drug resistance. Dabrafenib targets BRAF‐V600E, a mutation that is present in more than half of melanoma cancers. Therefore, drug discovery efforts need to explore alternative candidate molecules that selectively target and kill melanoma cells via mechanisms different to those of current drugs. Marine fungi are an underexplored resource for bioactive molecules. Mortiamide‐D, a seven amino acid cyclic peptide from Mortierella sp, is an example molecule with desirable features for drug development. We synthesized mortiamide‐D and three rationally designed analogs and observed modest micromolar activity against HT144 melanoma cells that are sensitive or resistant to dabrafenib. By contrast, mortiamide‐D and analogs did not kill noncancer HaCaT cells at these concentrations. Substitution of D‐Ile at position 7 with D‐Arg improved membrane permeability and enhanced potency against HT144 cells via a mode‐of‐action that includes perturbation of mitochondrial membrane potential. These studies suggest the potential of mortiamides as modifiable scaffolds for developing a new class of molecule for targeting melanoma cells.
Improving Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) outcomes to better manage critical controls in mining industry: From PHA to verification in the field
Authors: Catala Christophe , Anato Laura , Carrero Luis , Morar Catherine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProcess safety management in the mining and metals industry is relatively new compared to other high‐hazard process industries such as oil and gas or chemicals. Practices are less mature and are developing, transferring from other industries, and using the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) guidance to manage critical controls. This paper shares how Rio Tinto, a leading mining and metals company, has improved its critical controls management practices. Focus is put on how the company has improved the quality of its process hazard analyses (PHAs) and critical controls management activities through a series of actions. This covers clarification of the methodology used, development of training packages, revision of the methodology used to identify critical controls, development of a PHA facilitation approval process and a PHA facilitation approval committee, implementation of a training and coaching program for internal candidates, and development of assurance activities to monitor effectiveness of the process. These actions have resulted in very encouraging results in terms of overall quality of the PHAs, effectiveness of the PHA approval process to support the new methodologies introduced, and the development of internal facilitation capabilities.
Crossing river oil pipeline spill emergency response plan automatic association study based on Apriori‐Topsis
Authors: Kang Jian , Meng Xiangxuan , Li Ningning , Su Tao , Zhang Xiangyu , Dai Haoyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the increase in service time of oil pipelines, the probability of pipeline damage increases and the risk of leakage increases. However, as an important equipment for transporting oil, long‐distance pipelines have to be built across rivers. According to statistics, the leakage accidents of oil pipelines crossing rivers account for nearly 50% of all pipeline leakage accidents. Crude oil diffused into rivers easily cause serious pollution and damage to rivers and nearby organisms. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a reasonable, rapid, and efficient oil spill emergency treatment scheme for pollution and property loss. In this paper, an optimization model of emergency disposal scheme based on Apriori‐Topsis is proposed. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the oil spill pipeline, the general scheme library of emergency disposal is automatically generated by association rules, including the type, quantity, layout, and selected disposal technology of oil recovery equipment. Then, combined with the calculation of emergency disposal materials, the multi‐decision technology Topsis model is adopted to optimize the scheme from two angles of oil recovery effect and economic cost, and finally the cost‐effective emergency disposal scheme is obtained. Finally, taking the oil pollution accident on the second line of the Qing river as an example, the optimization model of emergency disposal scheme based on Apriori‐Topsis proposed in this paper is carried out. The application results verify the availability and effectiveness of the model, which provides a new method for the selection of emergency materials for rivers and pipeline process safety.
Harmine promotes megakaryocyte differentiation and thrombopoiesis by activating the Rac1/Cdc42/JNK pathway through a potential target of 5‐HTR2A
Authors: Liu Xiaoxi , Lai Jia , Zhang Xiaoqin , Wu Anguo , Zhou Ling , Li Yueyue , Huang Qianqian , Huang Xinwu , Li Hua , Lan Cai , Liu Jian , Huang Feihong , Wu Jianming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHarmine (HM), a β‐carboline alkaloid extracted from plants, is a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known for its diverse pharmacological activities. Thrombocytopenia, a common and challenging hematological disorder, often coexists with serious illnesses. Previous research has shown a correlation between HM and thrombocytopenia, but the mechanism needs further elucidation. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effects of HM on thrombocytopenia and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Flow cytometry, Giemsa staining, and Phalloidin staining were used to assess HM's impact on Meg‐01 and HEL cell differentiation and maturation in vitro. A radiation‐induced thrombocytopenic mouse model was employed to evaluate HM's effect on platelet production in vivo. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and protein blotting were utilized to investigate HM's targets and mechanisms. The results demonstrated that HM dose‐dependently promoted Meg‐01 and HEL cell differentiation and maturation in vitro and restored platelet levels in irradiated mice in vivo. Subsequently, HM was found to be involved in the biological process of platelet production by upregulating the expressions of Rac1, Cdc42, JNK, and 5‐HTR2A. Furthermore, the targeting of HM to 5‐HTR2A and its correlation with downstream Rac1/Cdc42/JNK were also confirmed. In conclusion, HM regulates megakaryocyte differentiation and thrombopoiesis through the 5‐HTR2A and Rac1/Cdc42/JNK pathways, providing a potential treatment strategy for thrombocytopenia.
Biowaxes Used as a Barrier Formulation Material in Coating Fibre‐Based Substrates
Authors: Li Sai , Svedström Kirsi , Lepo Anneli 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTRecently, replacing plastic packaging materials with biobased alternatives has been trending in the field of food packaging. The role of food packaging materials is to contain and protect the product throughout the supply chain, and the most used materials for this are polyolefins due to their functionality and affordability. However, environmental awareness and the new regulations and restrictions have been strong drivers to push the development towards biobased materials. In this study, the feasibility and potential of biowaxes used as a dispersion barrier coating formulation material were examined. Four commercial biowaxes were selected for the study, and their nano‐ and crystalline structures were determined by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). The biowaxes were melted and dispersed into a stable water‐based dispersion. Barrier coating formulations were prepared using two different polymer dispersions mixed with the waxes and additives. A fibre substrate was coated with the prepared formulations, and their barrier properties were studied. The properties of biowax‐containing coatings showed similar or minor improvements compared to the reference. However, foldability was especially improved in the biowax sample. Interestingly, this sample contained wax, which was structurally most stable, presenting an orthorhombic phase in all studied states. Based on our results, introducing biowax materials is a viable solution to replace part of the formulation materials and adjust the barrier performance of existing dispersion polymers. Our results also suggest that the nanostructure of waxes might play a role in an optimal solution. However, all these observations deserve more studies, and the share of biowax in barrier coatings will need further optimisation in the future.
Leveraging the next generation of spaceborne Earth observations for fuel monitoring and wildland fire management
Authors: Leite Rodrigo V. , Amaral Cibele , Neigh Christopher S. R. , Cosenza Diogo N. , Klauberg Carine , Hudak Andrew T. , Aragão Luiz , Morton Douglas C. , Coffield Shane , McCabe Tempest , Silva Carlos A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractManaging fuels is a key strategy for mitigating the negative impacts of wildfires on people and the environment. The use of satellite‐based Earth observation data has become an important tool for managers to optimize fuel treatment planning at regional scales. Fortunately, several new sensors have been launched in the last few years, providing novel opportunities to enhance fuel characterization. Herein, we summarize the potential improvements in fuel characterization at large scale (i.e., hundreds to thousands of km2) with high spatial and spectral resolution arising from the use of new spaceborne instruments with near‐global, freely‐available data. We identified sensors at spatial resolutions suitable for fuel treatment planning, featuring: lidar data for characterizing vegetation structure; hyperspectral sensors for retrieving chemical compounds and species composition; and dense time series derived from multispectral and synthetic aperture radar sensors for mapping phenology and moisture dynamics. We also highlight future hyperspectral and radar missions that will deliver valuable and complementary information for a new era of fuel load characterization from space. The data volume that is being generated may still challenge the usability by a diverse group of stakeholders. Seamless cyberinfrastructure and community engagement are paramount to guarantee the use of these cutting‐edge datasets for fuel monitoring and wildland fire management across the world.
Biomedical Utility of Non‐Enzymatic DNA Amplification Reaction: From Material Design to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Chen Ye , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Bowen , Wu Haoyan , Lv Xiaoying , Zhang Yuxin , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNucleic acid nanotechnology has become a promising strategy for disease diagnosis and treatment, owing to remarkable programmability, precision, and biocompatibility. However, current biosensing and biotherapy approaches by nucleic acids exhibit limitations in sensitivity, specificity, versatility, and real‐time monitoring. DNA amplification reactions present an advantageous strategy to enhance the performance of biosensing and biotherapy platforms. Non‐enzymatic DNA amplification reaction (NEDAR), such as hybridization chain reaction and catalytic hairpin assembly, operate via strand displacement. NEDAR presents distinct advantages over traditional enzymatic DNA amplification reactions, including simplified procedures, milder reaction conditions, higher specificity, enhanced controllability, and excellent versatility. Consequently, research focusing on NEDAR‐based biosensing and biotherapy has garnered significant attention. NEDAR demonstrates high efficacy in detecting multiple types of biomarkers, including nucleic acids, small molecules, and proteins, with high sensitivity and specificity, enabling the parallel detection of multiple targets. Besides, NEDAR can strengthen drug therapy, cellular behavior control, and cell encapsulation. Moreover, NEDAR holds promise for constructing assembled diagnosis‐treatment nanoplatforms in the forms of pure DNA nanostructures and hybrid nanomaterials, which offer utility in disease monitoring and precise treatment. Thus, this paper aims to comprehensively elucidate the reaction mechanism of NEDAR and review the substantial advancements in NEDAR‐based diagnosis and treatment over the past five years, encompassing NEDAR‐based design strategies, applications, and prospects.
Rolling up 2D WSe2 Nanosheets to 1D Anisotropic Nanoscrolls for Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Ao Zhikang , Liu Chang , Ma Huifang , Lan Xiang , Zhang Jianhong , Zhang Baihui , Zhang Fen , Wang Zeran , Chen Peng , Zhong Mianzeng , Wang Guang , Zhang Zhengwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe intrinsic low‐symmetry crystal structures or external geometries of low‐dimensional materials are crucial for polarization‐sensitive photodetection. However, these inherently anisotropic materials are limited in variety, and their anisotropy is confined to specific crystal directions. Transforming 2D semiconductors, such as WSe2, from isotropic 2D nanosheets into anisotropic 1D nanoscrolls expands their application in polarization photodetection. Despite this considerable potential, research on polarization photodetection based on nanoscrolls remains scarce. Here, the uniform crystalline orientation of WSe2 nanoscrolls is achieved conveniently and efficiently by applying ethanol droplets to vapor deposition‐grown bilayer WSe2 nanosheets. Angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy of WSe2 nanoscrolls demonstrates vibrational anisotropy. Photodetectors based on these nanoscrolls show competitive overall performance with a broadband detection range from 405 to 808 nm, a competitive on/off ratio of ≈900, a high detectivity of 3.4 × 108 Jones, and a fast response speed of ≈30 ms. Additionally, WSe2 nanoscroll‐based photodetectors exhibit strong polarization‐sensitive detection with a maximum dichroic ratio of 1.5. More interestingly, due to high photosensitivity, the WSe2 nanoscroll detectors can easily record sequential puppy images. This work reveals the potential of WSe2 nanoscrolls as excellent polarization‐sensitive photodetectors and provides new insights into the development of high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
All‐Metal Flexible Fiber by Continuously Assembling Nanowires for High Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Tang Chengqiang , Zhang Kailin , Yu Sihui , Guan Hang , Cao Mingjie , Zhang Kun , Pan You , Zhang Songlin , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFiber electronics booms as a new important field but is currently limited by the challenge of finding both highly flexible and conductive fiber electrodes. Here, all‐metal fibers based on nanowires are discovered. Silver nanowires are continuously assembled into robust fibers by salt‐induced aggregation and then firmly stabilized by plasmonic welding. The nanowire network structures provide them both high flexibility with moduli at the level of MPa and conductivities up to 106 S m−1. They also show excellent electrochemical properties such as low impedance and high electrochemically active surface area. Their stable chronic single‐neuron recording is further demonstrated with good biocompatibility in vivo. These new fiber materials may provide more opportunities for the future development of fiber electronics.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal higher-spin multiplets and their hypermultiplet couplings
Authors: Buchbinder Ioseph , Ivanov Evgeny , Zaigraev Nikita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We construct an off-shell $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal cubic vertex for the hypermultiplet coupled to an arbitrary integer higher spin s gauge $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supermultiplet in a general $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 conformal supergravity background. We heavily use $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, 4D harmonic superspace that provides an unconstrained superfield Lagrangian description. We start with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 global superconformal symmetry transformations of the free hypermultiplet model and require invariance of the cubic vertices of general form under these transformations and their gauged version. As a result, we deduce $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2, 4D unconstrained analytic superconformal gauge potentials for an arbitrary integer s. These are the basic ingredients of the approach under consideration. We describe the properties of the gauge potentials, derive the corresponding superconformal and gauge transformation laws, and inspect the off-shell contents of the thus obtained $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal higher-spin s multiplets in the Wess-Zumino gauges. The spin s multiplet involves 8(2s− 1)B + 8(2s− 1)F essential off-shell degrees of freedom. The cubic vertex has the generic structure higher spin gauge superfields × hypermultiplet supercurrents. We present the explicit form of the relevant supercurrents.