bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking it down: An exploration of the musical Fela! in relationship to Greek tragedy and Nietzsche’s Apollonian/Dionysian duality
Authors: Spector Lynn 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The unique duality of ‘authentic performance’ and ‘polished art’ in the Broadway musical Fela! recalls and embodies the interplay that, as Friedrich Nietzsche asserts, ‘eventually generate[s] the art-product, equally Dionysian and Apollonian, of Attic tragedy’. This article investigates the elements that constitute this duality and how they function both within the context and content of the musical. Specifically, Fela Anikulapo-Kuti’s connection to Greek tragedy, choreographic styles and the structural implications of the Broadway musical are analysed in light of Nietzsche’s duality.
Comparative cath-lab assessment of coronary stenosis by radiology technician, junior and senior interventional cardiologist in patients treated with coronary angioplasty
Authors: Brunetti Natale Daniele , Carri Felice Delli , Ruggiero Maria Assunta , Cuculo Andrea , Ruggiero Antonio , Ziccardi Luigi , De Gennaro Luisa , Di Biase Matteo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Exact quantification of plaque extension during coronary angioplasty (PCI) usually falls on interventional cardiologist (IC). Quantitative coronary stenosis assessment (QCA) may be possibly committed to the radiology technician (RT), who usually supports cath-lab nurse and IC during PCI. We therefore sought to investigate the reliability of QCA performed by RT in comparison with IC.

Methods
Forty-four consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome underwent PCI; target coronary vessel size beneath target coronary lesion (S) and target coronary lesion length (L) were assessed by the RT, junior IC (JIC), and senior IC (SIC) and then compared. SIC evaluation, which determined the final stent selection for coronary stenting, was considered as a reference benchmark.

Results
RT performance with QCA support in assessing target vessel size and target lesion length was not significantly different from SIC (r = 0.46, p < 0.01; r = 0.64, p < 0.001, respectively) as well as JIC (r = 0.79, r = 0.75, p < 0.001, respectively). JIC performance was significantly better than RT in assessing target vessel size (p < 0.05), while not significant when assessing target lesion length.

Conclusions
RT may reliably assess target lesion by using adequate QCA software in the cath-lab in case of PCI; RT performance does not differ from SIC.
‘Electrical exclusion’ of a critical myocardial mass by extended pulmonary vein antrum isolation for persistent atrial fibrillation treatment
Authors: Mamchur Sergey E. , Mamchur Irina N. , Khomenko Egor A. , Bokhan Nikita S. , Scherbinina Diana A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI), extended PVAI and ganglionic plexi (GP) ablation in persistent AF.

Methods
One hundred and twenty patients 56.2 ± 8.8 years old were randomized into three groups: GP ablation (n = 37), PVAI (n = 42), and extended PVAI (n = 41). The following parameters were studied: sinus rhythm restoration, vagal reactions, fluoroscopy time, procedure duration, lesion surface area. In 16 months after the procedure, echocardiography and Holter monitoring were performed.

Results
Significant differences were found in the amount of X-ray exposure, procedure duration, lesion surface area and vagal reactions. In all the cases, atrial mechanical function worsened after the procedure. However, there were no significant differences between the groups. Sixteen months after the procedure, sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic therapy was maintained in 38% of patients in GP group, in 56% of patients in PVAI group and in 69% of patients in extended PVAI group.

Conclusions
In persistent AF, the extended PVAI is more effective than PVAI and GP ablation. After the PVAI or extended PVAI, abnormalities of the left atrial mechanical function occurred if the lesion area exceeded 25% of the total LA surface area.
A dynamic sign of alveolar consolidation in bedside ultrasonography: Air bronchogram
Authors: Ünlüer Erden Erol , Karagöz Arif 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Acute dyspnoea is one of the most common reasons patients present to the emergency department (ED). In most cases, the physical examination and bedside radiographs are inconclusive, resulting in the need for more sophisticated diagnostics. These diagnostics may delay treatment or expose the patient to unnecessary radiation. Here, we present the case of a dyspnoeic patient. The patient was diagnosed with pneumonia by bedside thoracic ultrasonography (TUS). TUS was performed by the emergency physician and revealed bilateral pleural effusion, which was more significant on the right side of the thorax. The right lower lung lobe was consolidated, and dynamic air bronchograms were present on TUS. Computerised tomography of the chest was ordered. Bilateral multilobar consolidations were clearly appreciated with bilateral pleural effusion. Because of the dynamic nature of the disease process, we were able to diagnose pathological changes in the lung. In conclusion, TUS may be used for diagnosing pneumonia in the ED because it has high accuracy, low cost and no radiation exposure. Furthermore, it can be used bedside, and there is no need to transport an emergent patient to the radiology unit.
Combined effects of climate, resource availability, and plant traits on biomass produced in a Mediterranean rangeland
Authors: Chollet Simon , Rambal Serge , Fayolle Adeline , Hubert Daniel , Foulquié Didier , Garnier Eric 
Published: March 2014

Biomass production in grasslands, a key component of food provision for domestic herbivores, is known to depend on climate, resource availability, and on the functional characteristics of communities. However, the combined effects of these different factors remain largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to unravel the causes of variations in the standing biomass of plant communities using a long‐term experiment conducted in a Mediterranean rangeland of Southern France. Two management regimes, sheep grazing and grazing associated with mineral fertilization, were applied to different areas of the study site over the past 25 years. Abiotic (temperature, available water, nutrients) and biotic (components of the functional structure communities) factors were considered to explain interannual and spatial variations in standing biomass in these rangelands.Standing biomass was highly predictable, with the best model explaining ∼80% of variations in the amount of biomass produced, but the variation explained by abiotic and biotic factors was dependent on the season and on the management regime. Abiotic factors were found to have comparable effects in both management regimes: The amount of biomass produced in the spring was limited by cold temperatures, while it was limited by water availability and high temperatures in the summer. In the fertilized community, the progressive change in the functional structure of the communities had significant effects on the amount of biomass produced: the dominance of few productive species which were functionally close led to higher peak standing biomass in spring.
Lipid Peroxidation Levels and Total Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Serum and Saliva From Patients With Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis. Oxidative Stress Index: A New Biomarker for Periodontal Disease?
Authors: Baltacıoğlu Esra , Yuva Pınar , Aydın Güven , Alver Ahmet , Kahraman Cemil , Karabulut Erdem , Akalın Ferda Alev 
Published: March 2014

Background: In this study, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a significant product of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and the oxidative stress index (OSI), a novel value as a marker of periodontal disease activity, are investigated in serum and saliva from patients with chronic (CP) and generalized aggressive (GAgP) periodontitis.Methods: A total of 98 patients (33 with CP, 35 patients with GAgP, and 30 periodontally healthy controls) enrolled in the study. After clinical measurements and sample collection, the MDA level, TOS, and TAOC were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography and a novel automatic colorimetric method. The OSI was calculated as [(TOS/TAOC) × 100].Results: Although the salivary MDA levels and serum and salivary TOS and OSI values were significantly higher in the periodontitis groups than in the control group (P <0.05), the serum and salivary TAOC levels were significantly lower, and no significant difference in serum MDA levels was found (P >0.05). Furthermore, oxidative stress parameters were higher in the GAgP group than in the CP group (except the serum and salivary MDA levels and serum TAOC). Significant positive and negative correlations were observed between periodontal parameters and the MDA levels and TOS, TAOC, and OSI values (except serum MDA) (P <0.05).Conclusions: The present findings suggest that an increased TOS and decreased TAOC, rather than LPO, play important roles in the pathology of periodontitis and are closely associated with clinical periodontal status. Furthermore, the OSI may be a useful and practical parameter for evaluating periodontal disease activity.
The Ethnography of the University Initiative: A decade of student research on the university
Authors: Hunter Gina , Abelmann Nancy 
Published: March 2014

Welcome to this special issue of Learning and Teaching: The International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences. As guest editors, we are delighted to be able to share the experiences of the Ethnography of the University Initiative (EUI, www.eui.uiuc.edu), a multi-disciplinary course-based initiative that fosters student research on their own universities and ishoused at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (U of I). EUI is at once a pedagogical approach, a teaching community and a digital archive. EUI also works as a research agenda committed to student engagement with university practice and policy – and thus to institutional critique. In this editorial introduction, we provide an overview of EUI’s history, innovations, organisational structure and guiding values. We also introduce this issue’s authors – faculty members, an administrator and a former student – all of whom have taught with EUI and have documented here the ways in which taking the university as a research subject transformed their courses and teaching, and in some cases, their programmes and learning.
Applying morphometrics to early land plant systematics: A new Leclercqia (Lycopsida) species from Washington State, USA
Authors: Benca Jeffrey P. , Carlisle Maureen H. , Bergen Silas , Strömberg Caroline A. E. 
Published: March 2014

• Premise of the study: Early land plant fossils can be challenging to interpret due to their morphological simplicity and often fragmentary nature. Morphometric techniques using commonly preserved characters might increase diagnostic value of such material. To evaluate the utility of morphometrics in assessing morphospecies boundaries in the Devonian, we compared degrees of variation within the cosmopolitan lycopsid genus Leclercqia with that of living relatives (Lycopodium‐Spinulum spp.) Of particular interest was determining whether a new morphotype of Leclercqia from the Middle Devonian Chilliwack flora of Washington State fell within or outside the range of variation of previously described species.• Methods: Morphological variation of Leclercqia was assessed across the geographic range of the genus using six vegetative and three reproductive characters. The new morphotype and two previously described species (L. complexa, L. andrewsii) were compared using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Extant Lycopodium‐Spinulum species and variants were similarly analyzed to assess inter‐ vs. intraspecific variation in living lycopsids.• Key results: The LDA comparisons of Lycopodium‐Spinulum yielded notable morphological disparity between species but substantial overlap between intraspecific variants. Among the fossils, LDA separates the new morphotype, Leclercqia complexa, and L. andrewsii to a similar degree as Lycopodium and Spinulum species. Based on these results and further study, we describe a new species of Leclercqia: Leclercqia scolopendra Benca et Strömberg sp. nov.• Conclusions: Morphometric analyses can aid in informing taxonomic assignment of fragmentary early land plant fossils using readily preserved features, even in the absence of reproductive structures. Applications of this approach to the Chilliwack flora suggest Leclercqia displayed greater morphological variation, taxonomic diversity, and biogeographic extent than previously thought.
Exploring bud dormancy completion with a combined architectural and phenological analysis: The case of apple trees in contrasting winter temperature conditions
Authors: Schmitz Juliano Dutra , Guédon Yann , Herter Flavio Gilberto , Leite Gabriel Berenhauser , Lauri Pierre‐Éric 
Published: March 2014

• Premise of the study: The branching pattern and phenology of trees result from interactions between the tree's genetic constitution and environmental conditions. Temperature strongly affects the duration of bud dormancy and further shoot growth. Our hypothesis was that shoot architecture is strongly affected by winter temperatures determining both the position and budburst of vegetative laterals with a lower effect on their outgrowth.• Methods: The study was conducted on four apple cultivars characterized by various chilling requirements and grown in two contrasting winter temperature conditions. A two‐step approach was designed to quantify at the shoot scale first the branching pattern and second two phenological stages of vegetative laterals, budburst and outgrowth. A categorical variable, the branching zone, was built to summarize the lateral position along the shoot. It was integrated into the phenological analysis as a factor together with the cultivar and the winter temperature.• Key results: Temperature had a main effect on the distribution of vegetative laterals along the shoot. It also strongly affected budburst, which was also affected by the cultivar and the branching zone. The outgrowth of the lateral was not significantly affected by temperature but was significantly affected by the cultivar and the branching zone. Furthermore, the delayed senescence and subsequent leaf persistence during winter, characterizing the apple tree in the mild winter temperature condition, had only a weak effect on the distribution of vegetative laterals and on budburst and lateral outgrowth.• Conclusions: The actual shoot architecture and budburst result from an ordered sequence of events with a pivotal role of winter temperatures on the dormancy completion of individual lateral buds. Endogenous factors related to the cultivar branching pattern overtake the temperature effect on the lateral outgrowth.
Morphological, phylogenetic, and ecological diversity of the new model species Setaria viridis (Poaceae: Paniceae) and its close relatives
Authors: Layton Daniel J. , Kellogg Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2014

• Premise of the study: Species limits of the emerging model organism Setaria viridis (tribe Paniceae, subtribe Cenchrinae) are not well defined. It is thought to be related to S. adhaerens, S. faberi, S. verticillata, and S. verticilliformis and in North America occurs with the morphologically similar S. pumila. An integrated approach was taken to evaluate its variation and relationships with the other taxa.• Methods: Statistical morphology, flow cytometry, molecular phylogenetics, and growth experiments were employed to examine the group's physical variation, polyploidy, evolutionary relationships, and drought ecology, respectively.• Key results: Setaria viridis contributed one genome to the tetraploids S. faberi, S. verticillata, and S. verticilliformis; the other genome of the latter two was contributed by S. adhaerens. Setaria pumila is unrelated. Morphologically, S. viridis is most similar to S. faberi, but all tested accessions of S. viridis were diploid, whereas those of S. faberi were all tetraploid. Principal component analysis of 70 morphological characters consistently separated S. viridis from S. faberi, largely by spikelet characters. The diagnostic morphological characters are not affected by watering. Setaria faberi is far more sensitive to drought, in terms of mortality and morphological stunting, than S. viridis or S. pumila.• Conclusions: Setaria viridis is a diploid species and has contributed to several polyploid derivatives. The most morphologically similar of the polyploids is S. faberi, which differs in spikelet features, phylogenetics, genome size, and ecological response to drought. Researchers using field‐collected S. viridis as a model organism will benefit from the clear delimitation provided in this study.
Suppression of nativeMelaleuca ericifoliaby the invasivePhragmites australisthrough allelopathic root exudates
Authors: Uddin Md. Nazim , Robinson Randall William , Caridi Domenic , Al Harun Md. Abdullah Yousuf 
Published: March 2014

•Premise of the study:Invasive plants are a great threat to the conservation of natural ecosystems and biodiversity. Allelopathy as a mechanism for invasion of plants such asPhragmites australis, one of the most aggressive invaders, has the potential to suppress neighboring plant species. Allelopathic interference, through root exudates ofP. australison nativeMelaleuca ericifolia, was investigated to find out the underlying invasion mechanisms.•Methods:Germination and growth effects ofP. australisonM. ericifoliawere studied in the greenhouse using potting mix both with and without activated carbon, and a combination of single and repeated cuttings ofP. australisas the management tool.•Key results: P. australishad significant negative effects on germination and growth ofM. ericifoliaby inhibiting germination percentage, maximum root length and plant height, biomass, stem diameter, and number of growth points with little effect on leaf physiology. Activated carbon (AC) in turn moderately counteracted these effects. The cutting ofP. australisshoots significantly reduced the suppressive effects onM. ericifoliacompared to the addition of AC to soil. Furthermore, significant changes in soil such as pH, electrical conductivity, osmotic potential, phenolics, and dehydrogenase activity were identified among cutting treatments with little variation between AC treatments.•Conclusion:The results demonstrated that allelopathy through root exudates ofP. australishad relatively low contribution in suppressingM. ericifoliain comparison to other competitive effects. Management tools combining repeated cutting ofP. australisshoots with AC treatments may assist partly in the restoration of native ecosystems invaded byP. australis.
Tree genotype and genetically based growth traits structure twig endophyte communities
Authors: Lamit Louis J. , Lau Matthew K. , Sthultz Christopher M. , Wooley Stuart C. , Whitham Thomas G. , Gehring Catherine A. 
Published: March 2014

• Premise of the study: Fungal endophytes asymptomatically inhabit plant tissues where they have mutualistic, parasitic, or commensal relationships with their hosts. Although plant–fungal interactions at the genotype scale have broad ecological and evolutionary implications, the sensitivity of endophytes in woody tissues to differences among plant genotypes is poorly understood. We hypothesize that (1) endophyte communities in Populus angustifolia (Salicaceae) twigs vary among tree genotypes, (2) endophyte variation is linked to quantitative tree traits, and (3) tree genotype influences interspecific fungal interactions.• Methods: Endophytes were isolated from twigs of replicated P. angustifolia genotypes in a common garden and characterized with PCR‐RFLP and DNA sequencing. Twig length and diameter, aboveground tree biomass, and condensed tannins were also quantified.• Key results: (1) Aspects of fungal community structure, including composition and total isolation frequency (i.e., abundance), varied among genotypes. (2) Aboveground biomass and twig diameter were positively associated with isolation frequency and covaried with composition, whereas twig length and condensed tannin concentration were not significantly correlated to endophytes. (3) Fungal co‐occurrence patterns suggested negative species interactions, but the presence of significant co‐occurrences was genotype dependent.• Conclusions: The species is often assumed to be the most important ecological unit; however, these results indicate that genetically based trait variation within a species can influence an important community of associated organisms. Given the dominance of plants as primary producers and the ubiquity of endophytes, the effect of host genetic variation on endophytes has fundamental implications for our understanding of terrestrial ecosystems.
Longterm Safety and Effectiveness of the Anti-interleukin 6 Receptor Monoclonal Antibody Tocilizumab in Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Japan
Authors: Yokota Shumpei , Imagawa Tomoyuki , Mori Masaaki , Miyamae Takako , Takei Syuji , Iwata Naomi , Umebayashi Hiroaki , Murata Takuji , Miyoshi Mari , Tomiita Minako , Nishimoto Norihiro , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: March 2014

Objective.To assess the longterm safety and effectiveness of tocilizumab (TCZ) in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA).Methods.The longterm extension phase of 2 pivotal studies (phase II with 11 patients and phase III with 56 patients) in patients with active sJIA was analyzed. Patients received open-label TCZ (8 mg/kg, every 2 weeks) without concomitant use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.Results.In total, 67 patients were enrolled. All patients received corticosteroid at baseline. Median duration of exposure to TCZ was 3.4 years. Nine patients withdrew from the study [4 because of adverse events (AE), 4 because of the development of anti-TCZ antibodies, and 1 because of inadequate response]. Rates of AE and serious AE were 803.7/100 patient-years (PY) and 34.7/100 PY, respectively. The most common serious AE were infections (13.2/100 PY). No cases of malignancy or death were reported. Two serious infusion reactions were reported in patients testing negative for anti-TCZ antibodies. One definite macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) case and 1 potential MAS case were identified. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response rates attained early in the TCZ treatment period were maintained throughout the study: at Week 168, JIA ACR 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100 response rates were 80.3%, 80.3%, 75.4%, 60.7%, and 18.0%, respectively. In total, 22 of 67 patients (32.8%) completely discontinued corticosteroids without flare.Conclusion.TCZ has demonstrated durability of effectiveness in the longterm treatment of children with sJIA and has shown good tolerability and a low discontinuation rate associated with AE, development of anti-TCZ antibodies, or inadequate response. (ClinicalTrials.govNCT00144599 and NCT00144612).(First Release March 15 2014; J Rheumatol 2014;41:759-67; doi:10.3899/jrheum.130690)