bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Problems of Knowledge Economy and Innovation Processes in Agriculture Case Study of the Nitra Region
Authors: Fáziková Mária , Melichová Katarína 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Agriculture is an important element of rural economy development, currently facing many problems. The unfinished process of economic transformation, division of land use and land ownership, disintegrated social networks, under-developed institutions – these are the problems hindering the knowledge economy enforcement. Among the agricultural enterprises there is a high level of distrust resulting into low cooperation, reluctance against partnerships and networks which represent the main instrument for knowledge economy enforcement. Moreover, the current EU agricultural policy which is adjusted for agricultural conditions in the old member states hampers innovation activities of agricultural enterprises and conserves inefficient structures in them.
Micromechanical Properties and Stress Measurements with Diffraction Methods
Authors: Gadaliňska Elžbieta , Baczmaňski Andrzej 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Diffraction methods are commonly used for the determination of the elastic lattice deformation and distortion from the displacement and broadening of the diffraction peak. These methods enable researchers to measure stresses and elastic properties of polycrystalline materials. The main advantages of diffraction methods are their non-destructive character and the possibility of macrostress and microstress analysis for multiphase and anisotropic materials. Measurements are performed selectively only for crystallites contributing to the measured diffraction peak, i.e. for the grains having lattice orientations for which the Bragg condition is satisfied. When several phases are present in the sample, measurements of separate diffraction peaks allow for the behaviour of each phase to be investigated independently. This method can be applied without any limitations to flat specimens.
Numerical calculations of residual stresses around the rivets imply a very high stress gradientin the case of tangential stresses as well in the case of radial stresses. Attempting to verify these predictions, the residual stress measurements with an X-ray diffractometer were performed on riveted samples after the riveting process. In addition, complementary measurements of strain values with strain gauges during the riveting process were performed as well as the finite elements modelling. The aim of these measurements was to determine the stress values around the rivets and to compare results obtained with different techniques.
On the other hand, the multi-scale crystallographic model of elastoplastic deformation is very convenient for the study of elastoplastic properties in microscopic and macroscopic scales. Comparison of experimental data with model predictions allows us to understand the physical phenomena that occur during a sample’s deformation at the level of polycrystalline grains. Moreover, the micro and macro parameters of elastoplastic deformation can be experimentally established. It should be stated that the characterisation of the residual stress field and elastic properties is important in the study of the mechanical behaviour of polycrystalline materials, including plasticity and damage phenomena.
In this work, a new analysis method of neutron diffraction results obtained during in-situ tensile load is proposed and tested. The methodology is based on the measurements of lattice strains during in-situ tensile testing for several hkl reflections and for different orientations of the sample with respect to the scattering vector. As the result, the full stress tensor for preferred texture orientations in function of the applied stress can be determined using the crystallite group method. The experimental data are presented and compared with the self-consistent model calculations performed for groups of grains selected by different hkl reflections.
Mainstreaming Climate Change. Adaptation into Regional Planning of Least Developed Countries: Strategy Implications for Regions in Bangladesh
Authors: Rakibul Alam , Khalid Md. Bahauddin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess the search for mainstreaming climate change adaptation into regional planning of least developed countries (LDCs) and draw strategy implications for regions in Bangladesh. The findings of the study revealed that national adaptation programme of action (NAPAs) in least developed countries were being gender-blind and failed to be properly implemented. Least developed countries should therefore do more to prepare for ongoing and future climate changes focusing on actions that are no-regrets, multi-sectoral and multi-level, and that improve the management of current climate variability. Strengthening capacities to use climate information, enabling locally appropriate responses, screening climate risks, assessing risks and adaptation options, starting with existing policies and plans, broadening constituencies beyond environment agencies, managing strategy conflicts, learning from projects and recognizing their limitations, monitoring and learning are the foreseen strategic actions by regions in Bangladesh for effective mainstreaming of climate change adaptation into regional development planning in the years to come.
Energy and the Economics of Sustainability. The Entropy Paradox
Authors: Mircea Sˇveanu 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper analyzes the concept of entropy, as understood by both the weak sustainability and strong sustainability scholars. In seeking an answer to why such an apparently rigid concept cannot be used to falsify either paradigm, we make use of recent developments in Physics, in order to further substantiate the statistical nature of both the concept of entropy, and of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. We conclude that the probabilistic nature of the concept of entropy forbids the theoretical falsification of either paradigm, and designate this situation as the ‘entropy paradox’.
The Swot Model and the Role of These Activities to the Training of the Future Specialists in Expertise and Quality Control of Milk and Dairy Products
Authors: Mihaela Tiţa , Letitia Oprean , Ecaterina Lengyel , Ovidiu Tita 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The present drafts regarding the quality of milk and dairy products, define it as a controlled act of creation with known accuracy that can be reached by applying constitutive control systems of the processing technologies that are present in all proceeding phases of the product. In order to achieve the purpose and to apply it in the production process by students – future specialist, we use as a teaching-learning technique the SWOT Analyze. The SWOT analysis is an efficient method that is used in the teaching technique, especially when planning the strategy in order to identify the potentials and the priorities.
Governance and Adaptation to Innovative Modes of Higher Education Provision
Authors: Silvia Florea , Cecile Hoareau Mcgrath 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the context of the ever growing use of technology through e-learning and open-courseware, our paper describes a project that is being carried out by a consortium of twelve university partners and is coordinated by the University of Maastricht and RAND Europe (Cambridge). This project sets out to examine the evolution and sustainability of the innovative modes of higher education provision in teaching and learning across Europe, the motivations for their emergence as well as the ways in which higher education management and governance have responded and adapted to such new modes of provision. In the highly competitive sector of higher education (HE), while attempting to enhance the quality of teaching and learning, the increasing range of teaching and learning providers (encouraging both new delivery models and the ‘unbundling of delivery’ through partnerships, spin-out organisations, franchising, etc.), has challenged the ‘traditional’ model of university and stimulated changes in the provision and management of higher education.
Our paper describes the general framework of the project, foregrounding the first preliminary results of the first European-wide analysis of such innovative modes of provision in teaching and learning in Europe.
Reproducibility and Validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) Questionnaire in Patients After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Casartelli Nicola C. , Bolszak Sylvain , Impellizzeri Franco M. , Maffiuletti Nicola A. 
Published: August 2014

Background
The assessment of physical activity is of concern in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, so far, no questionnaire has demonstrated adequate reproducibility and validity for assessing physical activity in these patients.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire in patients after THA.

Design
This was a measurement study.

Methods
Fifty patients who had undergone THA (25 women, 25 men), with an average age of 68 years, were evaluated. Of these patients, 25 were assessed between 2 and 7 months after surgery (THAearly), and another 25 were assessed between 7 and 12 months after surgery (THAlate). Reproducibility of the PASE questionnaire was evaluated by administering the questionnaire on 2 different occasions. Construct validity of the PASE questionnaire was assessed by comparing the physical activity level reported by patients with that objectively recorded by a body-mounted accelerometer. Reproducibility was investigated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [2,1]) for reliability and standard errors of measurement (SEM) for agreement. Validity was investigated with Pearson correlation coefficients (r).

Results
The ICC (2,1) for the PASE total score was .77 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=.63, .86); the SEM was 23.0% (95% CI=19.2, 28.7). Validity correlation for the PASE total score was .38 (95% CI=.12, .60). No significant differences were found between THAearly and THAlate groups for reliability, agreement, and validity outcomes.

Limitations
Reproducibility of the PASE questionnaire may have been underestimated because the physical activity of patients was compared between 2 consecutive but different weeks. Reliability and validity analyses were underpowered.

Conclusions
Further study with a larger sample size is necessary to obtain precise reliability and validity estimates. Nevertheless, inadequate agreement calls into question the PASE questionnaire's ability to assess the physical activity level of patients after THA surgery.
Engineering factors of the macrocode MOBY-DICK
Authors: Švarný J. , Šašek M. , Štech S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In this paper a process of determination of methodological component of power distribution engineering factors of the macrocode MOBY-DICK (MD) is presented. This process is based on a direct comparison of measured and calculated data. The directly measured data analyzed in this article are thermocouple (TC) and Rhodium self-powered neutron detector (SPND) readings. Also the normality of deviations between measured and calculated TC temperature rises is discussed and methodological uncertainties of the macrocode MD are then checked by 97.5th percentile. Absolute and relative uncertainties of volumetric (KV) and radial (Kq) power distributions are determined by the comparisons of power distributions calculated by MD code with either power distributions provided by the Dukovany NPP core monitoring system (SCORPIO) or with power distributions obtained from direct TC and SPND readings. Final determination of engineering factors supposes hyperbolic dependence of MD methodological uncertainties on power peaking.
Development and verification of new nodal methods in the KIKO3DMG code
Authors: Pataki I. , Keresztúri A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The paper reports about the development and verification of the new nodal methods to be used in the KIKO3DMG code. Two classes of the new methods are presented. The first class makes the treatment of the heterogeneities possible inside the assemblies while the extent of the crucial approximations applied on the node boundaries is more considerable in comparison to those in case of the second type. The nodal methods were validated by two VVER reference problems found in the AER benchmark book (aerbench.kfki.hu/aerbench). The AER-2 and FCM-101 benchmarks correspond to the VVER-440 and VVER-1000 geometry, respectively. It was found that the differences between the converged and the reference solutions are negligible from the practical point of view. The performance characteristics concerning the accuracy and the necessary CPU time – both depending on the mesh refinement – were also compared.
Fuel assembly burnup calculations for VVER fuel assemblies with the MONTE CARLO code SERPENT
Authors: Lötsch T. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The Monte Carlo code SERPENT (http://montecarlo.vtt.fi) is tested and validated for different fuel configurations but not for VVER fuel assemblies with Gd fuel pins and enrichment profiling. The presentation outlines the results obtained during fuel assembly burnup calculations for VVER-440 and VVER-1000 reactor types with Gd fuel pins. The calculations follow the proposal of the benchmark for VVER-440 fuel assemblies specified by Mikolas at the 14th Symposium of AER in 2004. For fuel assemblies of VVER-1000 reactor types with Gd fuel pins a benchmark by the OECD/NEA was specified in 2002. A set of data for the further verification of the few group data preparation in the framework of the VVER-1000 reactor core burnup benchmark proposed at the 19th AER Symposium in 2009 is received and analysed. The results presented show sufficient agreement with the reference values.
HPLWR fine mesh core analysis
Authors: Temesvári E. , Maráczy Cs. , Hegyi Gy. , Hordósy G. , Molnár A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The European version of Supercritical Water Reactors (SCWR), the High Performance Light Water Reactor (HPLWR) operates in the thermodynamically supercritical region of water. Our basic objective was to elaborate a stationary coupled neutronic-thermohydraulic code capable for the calculation of the actual 3-pass core design with fuel assembly clusters. The calculations covered the neutronic transport calculations of HPLWR fuel assemblies, the coupled neutronic-thermohydraulic global calculations and the pin-wise analysis. Applying conservative assumptions, the relation to the linear heat rate and maximum cladding temperature limits was checked for the equilibrium cycle of HPLWR with this new code system.
Single-center experience with a dual microcatheter technique for the endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms
Authors: Durst Christopher R. , Starke Robert M. , Gaughen John R. , Geraghty Scott , Kreitel K. Derek , Medel Ricky , Demartini Nicholas , Liu Kenneth C. , Jensen Mary E. , Evans Avery J. 
Published: August 2014

Object
The endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms can be technically challenging due to distal coil migration or impingement of the parent vessel. In this paper, the authors illustrate an alternative method for the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms using a dual microcatheter technique.

Methods
The authors' first 100 consecutive patients who underwent coil embolization of a wide-necked aneurysm using a dual microcatheter technique are reported. With this technique, 2 microcatheters are used to introduce coils into the aneurysm. The coils are deployed either sequentially or concurrently to form a stable construct and prevent coil herniation or migration. Angiographic and clinical outcomes are reported.

Results
The technical success rate of the dual microcatheter technique is 91% with a morbidity and mortality of 1% and 2%, respectively. Clinical outcomes are excellent with 93% of patients demonstrating a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at long-term follow-up regardless of their score at presentation. Retreatment rates are 18%.

Conclusions
The dual microcatheter technique may be a safe and efficacious first line of treatment for widenecked aneurysms.
Controlled transient hypercapnia: a novel approach for the treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Authors: Westermaier Thomas , Stetter Christian , Kunze Ekkehard , Willner Nadine , Holzmeier Judith , Kilgenstein Christian , Lee Jin-Yul , Ernestus Ralf-Ingo , Roewer Norbert , Muellenbach Ralf Michael 
Published: August 2014

Object
The authors undertook this study to investigate whether the physiological mechanism of cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation by alteration of the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) can be used to increase CBF after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods
In 6 mechanically ventilated patients with poor-grade aSAH, the PaCO2 was first decreased to 30 mm Hg by modification of the respiratory rate, then gradually increased to 40, 50 and 60 mm Hg for 15 minutes each setting. Thereafter, the respirator settings were returned to baseline parameters. Intracerebral CBF measurement and brain tissue oxygen saturation (StiO2), measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), were the primary and secondary end points. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was controlled by external ventricular drainage.

Results
A total of 60 interventions were performed in 6 patients. CBF decreased to 77% of baseline at a PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg and increased to 98%, 124%, and 143% at PaCO2 values of 40, 50, and 60 mm Hg, respectively. Simultaneously, StiO2 decreased to 94%, then increased to 99%, 105%, and 111% of baseline. A slightly elevated delivery rate of cerebrospinal fluid was noticed under continuous drainage. ICP remained constant. After returning to baseline respirator settings, both CBF and StiO2 remained elevated and only gradually returned to pre-hypercapnia values without a rebound effect. None of the patients developed secondary cerebral infarction.

Conclusions
Gradual hypercapnia was well tolerated by poor-grade SAH patients. Both CBF and StiO2 reacted with a sustained elevation upon hypercapnia; this elevation outlasted the period of hypercapnia and only slowly returned to normal without a rebound effect. Elevations of ICP were well compensated by continuous CSF drainage. Hypercapnia may yield a therapeutic potential in this state of critical brain perfusion. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01799525 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Results of immunohistochemical staining for cell cycle regulators predict the recurrence of atypical meningiomas
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Kim Kyu Hong , Lee Eun Hee , Lee Young Min , Lee Sung-Hun , Kim Hyung Dong , Kim Young Zoon 
Published: August 2014

Object
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of certain cell-cycle regulatory proteins in the recurrence of atypical meningiomas. These proteins were analyzed with immunohistochemical staining to identify predisposing factors for the recurrence of atypical meningiomas.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with atypical meningiomas diagnosed in the period from January 2000 to June 2012 at the Department of Neurosurgery at Samsung Changwon Hospital and Dong-A University Medical Center. Clinical data included patient sex and age at the time of surgery, presenting symptoms at diagnosis, location and size of tumor, extent of surgery, use of postoperative radiotherapy, duration of follow-up, and recurrence. Immunohistochemical staining for cell-cycle regulatory proteins (p16, p15, p21, p27, cyclin-dependent kinase [CDK] 4 and 6, phosphorylated retinoblastoma [pRB] protein, and cyclin D1) and proliferative markers (MIB-1 antigen, mitosis, and p53) was performed on archived paraffin-embedded tissues obtained during resection. The recurrence rate and time to recurrence were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results
Of the 67 atypical meningiomas eligible for analysis, 26 (38.8%) recurred during the follow-up period (mean duration 47.7 months, range 8.4–132.1 months). Immunohistochemically, there was overstaining for p16 in 44 samples (65.7%), for p15 in 21 samples (31.3%), for p21 in 25 samples (37.3%), for p27 in 32 samples (47.8%), for CDK4 in 38 samples (56.7%), for CDK6 in 26 samples (38.8%), for pRB protein in 42 samples (62.7%), and for cyclin D1 in 49 samples (73.1%). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional-hazards regression model showed that incomplete resection (HR 4.513, p < 0.001); immunohistochemical understaining for p16 (HR 3.214, p < 0.001); immunohistochemical overstaining for CDK6 (HR 3.427, p < 0.001), pRB protein (HR 2.854, p = 0.008), and p53 (HR 2.296, p = 0.040); and increased MIB-1 labeling index (HR 2.665, p = 0.013) and mitotic index (HR 2.438, p = 0.024) predicted the recurrence of atypical meningiomas after resection.

Conclusions
Findings in this study indicated that p16, CDK6, and pRB protein were associated with the recurrence of atypical meningiomas.
Reducing Risk with Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Maloney F.L. , Feblowitz J. , Samal L. , Sato L. , Wright A. , Zuccotti G. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryObjective: Identify clinical opportunities to intervene to prevent a malpractice event and determine the proportion of malpractice claims potentially preventable by clinical decision support (CDS).Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional review of closed malpractice claims over seven years from one malpractice insurance company and seven hospitals in the Boston area. For each event, clinical opportunities to intervene to avert the malpractice event and the presence or absence of CDS that might have a role in preventing the event, were assigned by a panel of expert raters. Compensation paid out to resolve a claim (indemnity), was associated with each CDS type.Results: Of the 477 closed malpractice cases, 359 (75.3%) were categorized as substantiated and 195 (54%) had at least one opportunity to intervene. Common opportunities to intervene related to performance of procedure, diagnosis, and fall prevention. We identified at least one CDS type for 63% of substantiated claims. The 41 CDS types identified included clinically significant test result alerting, diagnostic decision support and electronic tracking of instruments. Cases with at least one associated intervention accounted for $40.3 million (58.9%) of indemnity.Discussion: CDS systems and other forms of health information technology (HIT) are expected to improve quality of care, but their potential to mitigate risk had not previously been quantified. Our results suggest that, in addition to their known benefits for quality and safety, CDS systems within HIT have a potential role in decreasing malpractice payments.Conclusion: More than half of malpractice events and over $40 million of indemnity were potentially preventable with CDS.Citation: G. Zuccotti G, Maloney FL, Feblowitz J, Samal L, Sato L, Wright A. Reducing risk with clinical decision support: A study of closed malpractice claims. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 746–756http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-02-RA-0018