bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unitarity or multiplicity of the psychosis: neverending question in psychopathology.
Authors: Martínez Jambrina J. J. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction-Introduce the topic of the continuity of psychoses and its relevance in contemporary psychiatry.-
Present authors as Henry EY, Jim van Os and Germán Berrios as key figures in the discussion on this topic, highlighting Ey, Dr. Jim van Os’s significant contributions to the understanding of the continuum of psychosis, Germán Berrios’s historical and cultural perspectives, and the importance of Bartolomé Llopis’s critical viewpoint. We also review the evolutionary approach about mental disorders as a keypoint in this discussion.
ObjectivesAnalyzing and comparing the theses of Jim van Os, Ey, Germán Berrios, and Bartolomé Llopis’s critical perspective. about the continuum of the psychosis and the importance of this neverending question for its use in the clinical practice.MethodsI will present a detailed literature review and a textual analysis of their writings.Results-Provide a brief description of Jim van Os’s theses highlighting his key ideas:-Dimensional Approach: promotes a dimensional approach to understanding psychosis, viewing psychotic experiences as continuous variables rather than categorical entities. This challenges the traditional diagnostic system.-Psychotic-Like Experiences: His research focuses on “psychotic-like experiences” (PLEs) in non-clinical populations, including mild hallucinations or paranoid thoughts.-Transdiagnostic Perspective: His work contributes to a transdiagnostic perspective, suggesting flexibility in diagnostic boundaries in psychiatry.-Next, introduce Germán Berrios’s theses on the same topic, emphasizing his historical and cultural perspectives and recognition of individual variability.-Finally, introduce Bartolomé Llopis’s critical perspective:-Llopis criticizes simplistic models of psychosis, arguing that they fail to capture the complexity of individual experiences.-He advocates for comprehensive assessments that consider not only symptomatology but also the unique contexts and histories of individuals.-While Ramón y Cajal is best known for his contributions to neuroscience and neuroanatomy, he did not directly apply Darwinian principles to his work in those fields. However He believed that an understanding of the evolutionary history of the brain and nervous system could provide valuable insights into their structure and function.Conclusions-Highlight the potential for a more comprehensive and holistic approach to understanding and addressing psychotic experiences within an evolutionary context.-The relationship between the continuum of psychosis and evolutionism is a complex and multifaceted topic. It involves exploring how the concept of the continuum of psychosis, which suggests that psychotic experiences exist on a spectrum in the general population, may relate to evolutionary theories and perspectives on mental health. We will explain some key points to consider about this and the main psychiatrists whicha dealt with this question.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Examining Challenges and Evaluating Supportive Counseling Approaches for Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”
Authors: Farmakopoulou I. , Metaxa A. , Theodoratou M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIntroduction: Research indicates that 2-8% of students exhibit ADHD symptoms, a condition impacting personal, social, and academic functionality (Kwon et al., 2018). A significant proportion encounter educational and socio-emotional challenges, often leading to academic disruptions; indeed, 11-21% of such students defer enrollment for two consecutive years (DuPaul et al., 2021). Studies have highlighted pronounced issues related to academic performance within this demographic (Henning et al., 2022). These findings emphasize the critical need for innovative interventions and a deeper understanding of ADHD’s impact on young adults in academic contexts.ObjectivesTo investigate challenges and evaluate supportive counseling approaches for students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”MethodsThis study utilized a qualitative approach, employing semi-structured interviews to understand the experiences and perspectives of university students with ADHD from across the country. The diverse sample comprised students from various academic disciplines and levels. Data were collected, ensuring participants’ comfort, and were analyzed using content analysis method, revealing insightful themes and patterns about ADHD’s impact in students’ quality of life and academic issues. The findings aim to contribute to a better understanding of ADHDResults
The results of the study highlight the significant academic and organisational difficulties faced by participants with ADHD. Many struggled intensely to maintain concentration in class, with distractions causing significant attentional lapses and increased anxiety. Procrastination was a recurring problem, leading to last-minute submissions and increased stress. Forgetting to complete academic tasks, such as course registration, had a cumulative negative impact on participants’ academic journeys. These findings highlight the complex challenges faced by people with ADHD in educational settings, and the need for comprehensive interventions. Addressing these multifaceted issues goes beyond academic accommodations and requires inclusive learning environments, counselling, peer support, and specialised faculty training to create a supportive ecosystem conducive to the success of individuals with ADHD.ConclusionsThis study highlights the multifaceted challenges, notably in concentration and task management, faced by individuals, presumably with ADHD, within academic settings. The reported struggles emphasize the urgent need for specialized interventions and support structures, focused on fostering concentration, effective task management, and administrative diligence. The insights provided are instrumental, guiding future research and intervention strategies aimed at addressing the identified needs and fostering an inclusive and supportive learning environment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Guanfacine in the Treatment of a Child Diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Durán Sandoval L. T. , Blasco Fresco M. D. C. , de la Fuente Ruiz E. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the development of persistent and changing motor and phonic tics over time. The presence of at least two motor tics and one vocal tic that have persisted for at least a period of 1 year is required, and which developed before the age of 18. The most commonly used pharmacological treatment are antipsychotics, with a preference for atypical antipsychotics such as aripiprazole or risperidone. Clonidine and guanfacine have shown effectiveness in suppressing tics, and although generally less effective than antipsychotics, some authors are considering them as first-line treatments. The treatment is also influenced by any comorbidities the patient may present.ObjectivesTo enumerate in a clinical case the pharmacological alternatives for TS, which vary according to the patient’s comorbidities and the intensity of the tic symptoms.MethodsCase study. Anamnesis of the patient and their family.Results
A 12-year-old boy presenting simple motor and vocal tics for over a year. At the same time that a valuation is requested by child psychiatry, the mother also requests follow-up by neuropediatrics. Other causes are ruled out, an EEG is performed, and a TS diagnosis is made. The initial treatment was low-dose aripiprazole with partial effectiveness. After 3 months, he presents an exacerbation of the tics, interfering with his social and academic life, making it impossible to attend classes. The mother takes him to emergency services, and he is admitted to pediatrics. During the stay in pediatrics, he is diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, in addition to confirming the TS diagnosis. Extended-release methylphenidate is initiated (neuropediatrics). After starting methylphenidate, the patient’s tics worsen, also presenting insomnia and hyporexia. Due to the diagnosis of ADHD, school failure, and affective symptoms (hypothymia), atomoxetine is initiated. The tics become constant and incapacitating. As the dose of aripiprazole is increased, the child presents extrapyramidal effects. As a therapeutic alternative, guanfacine is initiated, progressively discontinuing aripiprazole. Currently, the child is stable from motor and vocal tics, allowing him to lead a normalized life.ConclusionsAlthough guanfacine is not as effective in reducing tics as antipsychotics, since the latter produce more side effects, it is justifiable to use it. This drug is capable of enhancing the therapeutic effect and reducing the adverse effects that antipsychotics could produce. Guanfacine may be a good alternative as a first line in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome with or without attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity .Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Asenapine versus other atycipal antipsychotics for schizoaffective disorder Case study
Authors: Shaska E. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAntipsychotics are psyschotropic medications that are indicated for the treatment of physchosis and mood disorders. Due to minimal side effects and their efficacy (affecting many receptors) compared to standard antipsychotics, today atypical antipsychotics are being used more and more as first-line treatment.The aim of this study is to show the efficacy of asenapine and its tolerability as opposed to other atypical antipsychotics.Objectives1.What are the side effects identified?2.Side effects and efficacy of asenapine vs other atypical antipsychotics?
Methods
It is a comparative, regular, clinical study, an examination case of a 53-year old female diagnosed with Schizoaffective Disorder 27 years ago and treated outside of hospital with atypical antipsychotics, such as: risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, amisulpride. The study covers the timespan of 2010-2022.ResultsThe results showed that asenapine sublingual 15 mg had fewer side effects than other atypical antipsychotics. They were mouth dryness, headache, fatigue.The other atypical antipsychotics caused: metabolic disorders, like considerable weight gain, cholesterol and glycaemia increase, extrapyramidal side effects, hyperprolactinemia.Asenapine sublingual 15 mg was not as effective in treating Schyzoaffective Disorder as risperdal 5mg, olanzapine 15 mg, aripiprazole 20 mg, amisulpride 600 mg.The efficacy of asenapine sublingual 15mg was the same as quetiapine 400 mg.ConclusionsThis study showed that asenapine has minimal side effects but its efficacy in treating Schyzoaffective Disorder as monotherapy is lower than other atypical antipsychotics.Key wordsantipsychotics, schyzoaffective disorder, side effects, efficacyDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
The current status of recommendations for non-invasive neuromodulation therapy in severe mental disorders
Authors: Vasiliu O. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
There is an increasing rate of treatment resistance in severe psychiatric disorders (SPDs), which indicates the necessity for finding new therapeutic interventions, because of the significant negative impact these disorders have on the patient’s quality of life, functionality, and other important parameters. In clinical practice, SPDs are estimated to represent up to 30-60% of all diagnosed cases. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorders (BDs) are associated with lower response to a large variety of therapeutic approaches. In this context, new technologies should be considered for SPDs, and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques can be explored as add-ons to ongoing therapeutic interventions.ObjectivesA literature review was conducted to detect the available evidence to support recommendations for neuromodulation techniques in SPDs.MethodsThree electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar) were searched for papers corresponding to the keywords “treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders” and “neuromodulation” or “electroconvulsive therapy” (ECT) or “transcranial magnetic stimulation” (TMS) or “transcranial direct current stimulation” (tDCS), published from the beginning of the respective databases up to July 2023.Results
After the initial search, 1258 papers surfaced, but only 72 remained to be included in the analysis, after filtering them according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. TMS may improve both depressive and manic symptoms, but also reports of polarity changes were found, indicating the need for careful monitoring of treatment-emergent affective switches (TEAS). TMS may also improve cognitive functions, although not sufficient evidence was found to support this observation clearly. The efficacy of temporoparietal TMS in schizophrenia has not been proven with certainty, although this intervention may improve positive symptoms. ECT was an effective and well-tolerated intervention for severe mood episodes, SSD, and BDs. Depressive symptoms responded to tDCS in bipolar/monopolar patients, but reports of TEAS in the BDs population have been reported.ConclusionsNon-invasive neuromodulation techniques may represent an efficient option in patients with SPD, but more good-quality trials are needed before this recommendation is formulated in clinical guidelines.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Exploring the Landscape of Psychosurgery in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Murthy S. , Wellington J. , Suvarna R. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPsychosurgical procedures gained an infamous reputation during the 20th century with the implementation of the lobotomy as treatment for several psychiatric illnesses. However, modern-day psychosurgery is a flourishing field that provides valid treatment alternatives to neuropsychiatric patients thanks to increasingly accurate and safe stereotactic procedures. As more than 80% of people with mental disorders reside in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), investigating the impact of psychosurgical procedures has a global relevance. People living in LMICs are exposed to a variety of stressors which could facilitate the development of psychiatric and neurological diseases. The immense gap that still exists between the population of LMICs and adequate medical and surgical care is an important obstacle to the reduction of global mental health burden. A scoping review will be conducted to investigate the extent of the existing literature and identify key themes, challenges and research gaps on the implementation and outcomes of psychosurgery in LMIC settings.Objectives-To comprehensively map the existing literature: Provide an extensive overview of the literature on the use of psychosurgery in low and middle-income countries.-To identify key themes: Recognize recurring themes and topics within the literature related to psychosurgery in these settings.-To assess challenges: Analyze the challenges and barriers associated with the implementation of psychosurgery in resource-constrained contexts.-To identify research gaps: Highlight areas within the existing literature where further research is needed to enhance our understanding of psychosurgery in low and middle-income countries.
Methods
The methodology consists of five stages, consistent with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Using the PICO model, the Research Question, Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria and search methods were developed. Electronic Medical Databases (Medline OVID, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus) will be searched for relevant studies. The PRISMA-ScR framework is used to guide the reporting process. Quantitative and Qualitative data will be extracted, including key information such as study type, demographics and methods used to assess the outcomes of psychosurgical interventions. Data will be presented discursively, supported with statistics and graphs where appropriate. No ethical approval is required.Results/ConclusionsThe results will be useful to healthcare professionals in LMICs involved in neuropsychiatric care, evaluating the current uses of psychosurgery and their potential benefit for the affected population whilst highlighting gaps in knowledge with the aim of propelling further research.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Long-Term Trends in Psychiatric Day Hospitalization: A Retrospective Study in Algarve, Portugal
Authors: Viseu M. T. , Luz B. , Solana C. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionCurrent healthcare policies encourage the investment in transition units between hospitalization and outpatient care. Psychiatry day hospitals (DH) serve as partial hospitalization structures that facilitate this transition. The DH at the Faro Unit of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve (CHUA), began its activity in 2008, is situated in southern Portugal and provides support to the entire eastern Algarve region (approximately 300,000 people). Its focus is on rehabilitating individuals with severe mental illnesses necessitating multidisciplinary care, with personalized therapeutic plans.ObjectivesWe aimed to categorize patients based on diagnoses (primary psychotic disorder, depressive disorder, and others) according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and to characterize and compare sociodemographic and clinical data among these three groups.MethodsA retrospective study spanning from May 2008 to June 2023 was conducted. We assessed sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological data of patients undergoing treatment at CHUA Faro Unit’s DH.ResultsOver this period, 541 treatment cycles were carried out to 433 distinct patients, between 18 and 78 years old. Of the total treatments, 38% were for Primary Psychotic Disorder (PPD), 24% for Depressive Disorder (DD) and among the others (39%) the diagnosis of Bipolar Affective Disorder and Personality Disorder predominated . Statistically significant differences were identified among these three groups. The PPD group exhibited a male predominance, whereas DD and others were largely female. Patients in the PPD group were significantly younger (average age of 36 in PPD, 40 in others, and 48 in DD), more likely to be single, and a majority were unemployed (with several patients retired due to disability). No significant differences were noted regarding dropouts, expulsions, or the duration of DH treatment. These results are preliminary, and additional relevant data are being collected and processed.ConclusionsThe diagnostic group’s consideration revealed differences in the social, demographic, and clinical characteristics of patients. These findings offer insights into patient details, enabling the future adaptation of intervention strategies in a more personalized manner.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Implementation supports to promote fidelity within a flexible, presentation-responsive MHPSS intervention model: A case study of Baby Friendly Spaces in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Le Roch K. , Rahaman K. S. , Bubendorff P. , Clouin L. , Murray S. M. , Nguyen A. J. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAs evidence has converged on the feasibility and effectiveness of focused, non-specialized, manualized interventions for treating mental distress in humanitarian settings, challenges persist in how to promote implementation fidelity and rigorously evaluate interventions designed to be more preventive or promotive in addressing risk and protective factors for poor mental health. One such intervention, Baby Friendly Spaces (BFS), is a psychosocial support program implemented for Rohingya mothers and their malnourished children living in refugee camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. That follows a place-based intervention model in which various activities may be offered either individually or in groups with no specified sequence.Objectives
This presentation describes the process of establishing standards for implementing optimal mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions, training BFS workers, and building monitoring and supervision systems to promote implementation fidelity within this flexible support program.MethodsAs BFS services were already being offered as part of Action Against Hunger programming, we first conducted an audit of current services, determining that there was limited current standardization or support for implementation. Therefore, a manualized protocol was designed and covered the program curricula and self-care using didactic and practice-based learning. A series of online training sessions were conducted for 13 psychosocial workers and psychologists at centers delivering the enhanced intervention. Following the training, a baseline evaluation of attitudes, confidence, and knowledge for delivering BFS services was administered. We also collaboratively designed a systematic supervision process to meet the staff’s needs with a focus on capacity building and self-care.ResultsFollowing the initial training, BFS workers receiving the re-training showed similar levels of knowledge, but greater confidence (p=0.01) than MHPSS workers proceeding as usual. Participants reported that the training was useful for their field of work and for improving the quality of their work, and acknowledged they would be able to integrate the new learnings into their work and daily life. The follow-up with the supervision process confirmed their capacity to deliver the services and highlighted the need for workspace improvements, the lack of continuous motivation, their ability to identify specific issues for which they requested additional trainings.ConclusionsThere is a particular need for careful attention to implementation supports and supervision when offering flexible, place-based mental health and psychosocial support interventions. In that process, ensuring a continuity between the training and the supervision is essential for the quality of both the program and the research project.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared