bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of ZSM-5 Zeolites Modified with Titanium and Iron by Direct Synthesis
Authors: Padilla Jessyka , García Verónica 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe research for new energy sources has promoted hydrocarbon production from biomass and solid wastes over ZSM-5 zeolites. The metal incorporation by different methods has led to a variety of chemical applications. In this way, the combination of the shape selectivity and acidity properties of the pentasil zeolites with the activity of metal oxide under different environments may influence the product distribution in diverse catalytic reactions. In this work, ZSM-5 zeolites were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis employing aluminum nitrate and AIP as aluminium sources and TPAOH as structure director agent at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (90 °C). In addition, these materials were modified with iron and titanium cations by direct synthesis at 170 °C and autogenous pressure to promote the crystallinity. The characterization of the samples was performed by XRD, XRF, SEM, TPD-NH3 and nitrogen adsorption. It was observed that the use of AIP and the metal incorporation decreases the crystallinity of the zeolites under synthesis conditions, which leads to increase the specific area value in the BET because of the presence of amorphous material. On the other hand, acidity of the modified zeolites was found to be lower than that of ZSM-5 zeolite.
Experimental Study of Tungsten Inert Gas Pulsed Welding Applied to Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy Wires
Authors: Rodrigues Luiz F.A. , Amorim Fernando A. , Pereira Francisco F.R. , de Araújo Carlos J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTShape memory alloys are functional materials that can recover plastic strains between 2 and 6%. This property can be used to produce actuators for many areas as medicine, robotic, aeronautic and others. Recently, it has been observed the particular interest for shape memory alloys welding, especially to obtain Ni-Ti similar and dissimilar joints and fabricate simple or complex structures. In this sense, this work present an experimental study of tungsten inert gas pulsed welding applied to Ni-Ti shape memory alloy wires with 0.9 mm in diameter, previously heat treated at 450 °C for 20 minutes and air cooled. For that, it was carried out tensile tests at isothermal temperatures from 40 °C to 90 °C (steps of 10 °C) for welded and unwelded wires. The transformation temperatures obtained from differential scanning calorimetry were compared to verify the effect of welding process. It was also performed a stabilization process by mechanical cycling in some welded and unwelded Ni-Ti wires. The results showed a low strength and strain capacity of the weld joint at higher temperatures. Although, at lowest temperature, close to 40 °C, it was observed higher values of maximum stress and strain for welded Ni-Ti wires.
Changing Production on the Market with Continuum Traders
Authors: Lipieta Agnieszka 
Published: October 2015

Assume that in a Debreu private ownership economy, all consumption sets are contained in a proper subspace of the commodity-price space. This property motivates producers to change their activities on markets to plans from the same subspace. Alterations in production take time, so to model changes occurring in the production sector of an economy, time should be involved. In contrast to the results I obtained from a 2010 study, in the economy with continuum traders, excluding a finite number of producers from the process that adjusts the economy to the given requirements does not disturb equilibrium. The aim of this paper is to present the possible trajectories of producers' activity changing their plans in the economy with continuum traders. The process of moving the production system and, consequently, the whole economy to an economy reduced to a given subspace will be elaborated. As a result, a system of economies in equilibrium dependent on time is presented.
La gestión local como propuesta para la solución de problemas comunes de urbanismo en América Latina
Authors: Sánchez García Verónica 
Published: October 2015

El panorama para la mayoría de las ciudades latinoamericanas no es alentador debido a las diversas crisis que enfrenta. El factor determinante lo fue el fenómeno de la globalización, el que forzó a la reestructuración económica e implementación de nuevas formas de producción. Las ciudades debieron reorganizarse para enfrentar y adaptarse a este sistema a través de las denominadas “ciudades globales”.Con ello, se fortalecieron ciertos grupos o áreas de población, descuidando otros, generando pobreza e, incluso, enfatizándola. La segregación social, ambiental, inseguridad, movilidad, vivienda, prestación de servicios públicos, despilfarro de recursos económicos, materiales, humanos y demás dificultades institucionales, se volvieron constantes provocadas por la deficiente administración de recursos y de gestión urbana que limitan el acceso equitativo a las oportunidades sociales. Por ello, todo sistema de planeación y previsión urbana, deberá contemplar las circunstancias propias de la realidad específica sobre la que se ha de intervenir, impulsando la solidaridad, la participación, el consenso y la sostenibilidad como los ejes de la estrategia a implementar, lo que se conoce como “gestión local”. Gestionar la ciudad implica administrarla en coordinación con el sector público, privado y social con la finalidad de resolver los problemas cotidianos de manera no sólo eficiente, sino inteligente. Ello permite acertar en la prevención y solución de los problemas que aquejan a una comunidad en la búsqueda del bien común, así como de la recuperación de la ciudadanía.
Familial Gastric Cancers
Authors: Setia Namrata , Clark Jeffrey W. , Duda Dan G. , Hong Theodore S. , Kwak Eunice L. , Mullen John T. , Lauwers Gregory Y. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Although the majority of gastric carcinomas are sporadic, approximately 10% show familial aggregation, and a hereditary cause is determined in 1%–3% cases. Of these, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is the most recognized predisposition syndrome. Although rare, the less commonly known syndromes also confer a markedly increased risk for development of gastric cancer. Identification and characterization of these syndromes require a multidisciplinary effort involving oncologists, surgeons, genetic counselors, biologists, and pathologists. This article reviews the molecular genetics, clinical and pathologic features, surveillance guidelines, and preventive measures of common and less common hereditary gastric cancer predisposition syndromes.
EDUCAÇÃO À DISTÂNCIA: UMA DISCUSSÃO DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Lechner Germano 
Published: October 2015

No presente trabalho, apresento um debate em torno da Educação a Distância: aspectos positivos e negativos. Na introdução, trago a importância da escola na formação do sujeito, nas seções subsequentes, trato da Educação a Distância, partindo de uma revisão bibliográfica e passando por uma entrevista de caráter qualitativo. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com profissionais da área da educação, com perguntas abertas, com o objetivo de promover um debate em torno da modalidade da educação a distância. Concluo o trabalho com uma reflexão pessoal, partindo da minha experiência como docente, apoiado pela teoria de diferentes autores na linha de pensamento construtivista e sociointeracionista. Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Interação; Internet; Aprendizagem. Distance Education: a Discussion in the 21st Century AbstractIn the present study I propose a debate on distance education, covering both its positive and negative aspects. In the introduction I refer to the importance of the school in the formation process of the individual; in the following sections I cover Distance Education theme with a bibliographical revision and I also analyze the data collected by a qualitative interview. This survey was made with professionals of the educational field, with open-ended questions; it aims at promoting a reflection on distance education. I conclude this study with a personal reflection based on my own personal experience as a teacher, supported by the theory proposed by different authors, who follow both the constructivist and the social interactionist lines of thinking. Keywords: Distance education; Interaction; Internet; Learning.
GESTÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA, UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Nunes Carolina Schmitt , Nakayama Marina Keiko 
Published: October 2015

Embora haja muitos trabalhos acadêmicos e não acadêmicos sobre gestão e sobre educação a distância (EaD), a articulação entre os dois temas ainda se encontra como um campo aberto a novas descobertas e reflexões. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é verificar quais aspectos estão sendo abordados nas pesquisas em gestão da educação a distância. Como metodologia, utilizou-se a revisão integrativa. Os resultados apontam a existência de alguns modelos de gestão nos quais elementos administrativos são considerados assim como fatores pedagógicos, enquanto outros modelos tendem a ser mais pragmáticos. Ainda se podem identificar, como elementos relevantes da gestão da EaD, o planejamento e a institucionalização. Palavras-chave: Gestão; Educação a distância; Revisão integrativa. Distance Education Management, an Integrate ReviewAbstractAlthough there are many academics and non-academics works on management and on distance education (DE), the link between the two topics is still as a field open to new discoveries and reflections. The general objective of this work is to describe which aspects are being applied covered in the management of distance education researchs. Integrative review was used as the methodology. The results indicate the existence of some management models in which in management elements are considered as being pedagogical factors, while others are more pragmatic. Planning and institutionalization can also be identify as relevant elements of DE management. Keywords: Management; Distance education; Integrative review.
A ATUAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA NA PERSPECTIVA DE TUTORES
Authors: Tenório André , Gonçalves Lilia Aparecida Costa , Tenório Thaís 
Published: October 2015

A interação e mediação na educação a distância foram analisadas com base nas perspectivas de 11 tutores de cursos superiores de uma instituição privada brasileira. A atuação tutorial desses profissionais no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem foi escrutada por meio de questionário e entrevista. Foram investigadas as atividades a distância e a necessidade de mobilização de saberes pedagógicos, tecnológicos e didáticos. Para os participantes, a interação, a motivação e o desenvolvimento do aluno a distância dependeriam essencialmente da mediação do tutor. Na ação do tutor a distância, a valorização da autonomia do aluno precederia a função de instrutor. As duas principais formas de construção do conhecimento citadas foram a interação entre alunos e a proposição planejada de questionamentos promotores de debate. Entretanto, a falta de regulamentação da atividade seria causa de insegurança e desestímulo.Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Tutoria; Mediação. Online Activities from Tutors PerspectivesAbstract Online mediation and interaction were analyzed based on the perspectives of eleven tutors from a Brazilian private higher education institution. Activities of these professionals in the online environment were scrutinized through questionnaire and interview. The study surveyed the tasks undertaken by an online tutor and the required pedagogical, technological and didactic skills. To participants, interaction, motivation and development of the online learner depend fundamentally upon tutors mediation. In online tutoring, stimulating autonomy precedes teaching. The two most cited ways of knowledge construction were interaction between students and the planed ahead proposing of discussion promoting questions. Nevertheless, they considered the lack of legal regulation of the activity a major cause of uncertainty.Keywords: Online education; Tutoring; Mediation.
CONTEMPORANEIDADE E SERVIÇO SOCIAL: A FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA EM TEMPOS DE INCLUSÃO
Authors: Sousa Ivan Vale 
Published: October 2015

A inclusão pressupõe a mudança de paradigmas, a criação ou adaptação de estratégias pedagógicas. Nessa perspectiva, esta abordagem é um estudo de caso, acerca da acessibilidade na Educação a Distância de um acadêmico deficiente visual cego no curso de Serviço Social de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) na cidade de Parauapebas, sudeste do Pará. Refletir sobre o processo de inclusão no ensino superior a distância, analisar as condições oferecidas pela IES na construção dos saberes sistematizados e evidenciar a importância de uma política inclusiva são objetivos deste relato. A metodologia é de natureza bibliográfico-analítica, na qual autores como Libâneo (2004), Iamamoto (2006), Oliveira (2009), entre outros contribuem assim como, a partir da entrevista-questionário. Não é pretensão de esta proposta macular a função social da Instituição, tampouco apresentar soluções, mas propor reflexões sobre a política de democratização do ensino na modalidade a distância na perspectiva da acessibilidade no ensino superior. Palavras-chave: Educação a distância; Serviço social; Deficiente visual; Acessibilidade. Contemporary and Social Welfare: The Formation of Professional Social Worker in Distance Education in Times of InclusionAbstract Inclusion requires a change of paradigms, the creation or adaptation of teaching strategies. From this perspective, the approach is based on a case study about accessibility in the Distance Education Social Welfare Service course from a Higher Higher Education Institution (IES) for visually impaired public in Parauapebas city, southeastern city of Para. The objectives of this of this article are to reflect on the inclusion process in higher education at a distance, to analyze the conditions offered by IES on construction of systematized knowledge and to highlight the importance of an inclusive politic. The methodology is based on a bibliographic analysis in which, authors, as Libâneo (2004), Iamamoto (2006), Oliveira (2009), and others contribute to the discussion, as well as, the interview-questionnaire. This paper does not intended to question social function of the institution, nor to present solutions, but to propose reflections on the democratization of education policy in the distance from the perspective of accessibility in higher education.Keywords: Distance education; Social service; Visual deficient; Accessibility.
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Study of biochemical markers Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Total Antioxidant Status (TAOS), Adiponectin, Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-beta1), in occurence of NASH
Authors: Sulaeman Agus , Amiruddin A Rifai , Lawrence Gatot Susilo 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in USA and Makassar are 22% and 23.7%. The prevalence of Non Alcoholic Steatosis Hepatosis (NASH) in MetS has not been reported. Study in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is 25–90 % in obesity patients. In NASH, there is accumulation of lipid in hepatocyte (raised free fatty acid level), raised stress oxidative (decreased total antioxidant status), raised of inflammation process (decreased adiponectin) and hepatic fibrotic process (raised TGF β1). The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of free fatty acid, total antioxidant status, adiponectin and TGF-β1 with the occurrence of NASH.METHODS: This was a case control study in man aged ≥30 years old. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined by IDF categories. NASH was defined as fatty liver plus raised type IV collagen level ≥140 ng/ml and Alanine Transferase (ALT) level 1.5x upper normal limit.RESULT: The samples consisted of 8 MetS subjects, 11 MetS subjects with fatty liver and 2 MetS subjects with suspect NASH. Low level of adiponectin and high level free fatty acid led to progression from Fatty Liver (FL) to NASH. Level of total antioxidant and Level of TGF-β1 were relatively steady in NASH.CONCLUSION: The level of Free Fatty acid in subjects with MetS-FL was higher than in subjects with MetS, but was lower than in subjects with MetS-NASH. No difference in total antioxidants status level was observed among all groups. Level of adiponectin decreased in subjects with MetS-FL and MetS-NASH compared with subjects with MetS only. The level of TGF-β1 increased in subjects with MetS-FL more than in subjects with MetS only, and was steady low in subjects with MetS-NASH.KEYWORDS: metabolic syndrome, NASH, free fatty acid, total antioxidant status, adiponectin, transforming growth factor β1
The safety profile of lumbar spinal surgery in elderly patients 85 years and older
Authors: Wang Michael Y. , Widi Gabriel , Levi Allan D. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
The aging of the population will require that surgeons increasingly consider operating on elderly patients. Performing surgery safely in the elderly will require an understanding of the factors that predict successful outcomes and avoid complications.

METHODS
Records of patients 85 years and older undergoing elective lumbar spinal surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Microdiscectomies were excluded. Preexisting medical illnesses measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status class, age, and surgical parameters were analyzed as factors potentially predictive of complications. Ambulatory function was rated on a 4-point scale.

RESULTS
During the study 26 consecutive patients (mean age 87 years) with a mean ASA class of 2.6 ± 0.65 and CCI of 1.1 ± 1.27 were enrolled. The average number of levels treated was 2.17 ± 1.23, and 73% underwent fusion. The mean follow-up was 41.9 months with a minimum of 24 months, and all patients were alive at last follow-up. Average blood loss was 142 ± 184 ml, and the operative time was 183.3 ± 80.6 minutes. The mean number of levels treated was 2.17 ± 1.13 (range 1–4). Ambulatory function improved significantly by 0.59 ± 1.0 points. Five complications (19.2%) occurred in 4 patients, 2 major and 3 minor. Four complications were temporary and 1 was permanent. Patient age, blood loss, CCI score, ASA class, the number of levels treated, and fusion surgery were not statistically associated with a complication. Operative time of longer than 180 minutes (p = 0.0134) was associated with complications.

CONCLUSIONS
Lumbar spine surgery in patients 85 years and older can be accomplished safely if careful attention is paid to preoperative selection. Prolonged operative times are associated with a higher risk of complications.
Failure rates and complications of interspinous process decompression devices: a European multicenter study
Authors: Gazzeri Roberto , Galarza Marcelo , Neroni Massimiliano , Fiore Claudio , Faiola Andrea , Puzzilli Fabrizio , Callovini Giorgio , Alfieri Alex 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Spacers placed between the lumbar spinous processes represent a promising surgical treatment alternative for a variety of spinal pathologies. They provide an unloading distractive force to the stenotic motion segment, restoring foraminal height, and have the potential to relieve symptoms of degenerative disc disease. The authors performed a retrospective, multicenter nonrandomized study consisting of 1108 patients to evaluate implant survival and failure modes after the implantation of 8 different interspinous process devices (IPDs).

METHODS
The medical records of patients who had undergone placement of an IPD were retrospectively evaluated, and demographic information, diagnosis, and preoperative pain levels were recorded. Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments in the patients were based on the visual analog scale. A minimum of 3 years after IPD placement, information on long-term outcomes was obtained from additional follow-up or from patient medical and radiological records.

RESULTS
One thousand one hundred eight patients affected by symptomatic 1- or 2-level segmental lumbar spine degenerative disease underwent placement of an IPD. The complication rate was 7.8%. There were 27 fractures of the spinous process and 23 dura mater tears with CSF leakage. The ultimate failure rate requiring additional surgery was 9.6%. The reasons for revision, which always involved removal of the original implant, were acute worsening of low-back pain or lack of improvement (45 cases), recurrence of symptoms after an initial good outcome (42 cases), and implant dislocation (20 cases).

CONCLUSIONS
The IPD is not a substitute for a more invasive 3-column fusion procedure in cases of major instability and spondylolisthesis. Overdistraction, poor bone density, and poor patient selection may all be factors in the development of complications. Preoperatively, careful attention should be paid to bone density, appropriate implant size, and optimal patient selection.
Reconstruction of open wounds as a complication of spinal surgery with flaps: a systematic review
Authors: Chieng Lee Onn , Hubbard Zachary , Salgado Christopher J. , Levi Allan D. , Chim Harvey 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
A systematic review of the available evidence on the prophylactic and therapeutic use of flaps for the coverage of complex spinal soft-tissue defects was performed to determine if the use of flaps reduces postoperative complications and improves patient outcomes.

METHODS
A PubMed database search was performed to identify English-language articles published between 1990 and 2014 that contained the following phrases to describe postoperative wounds (“wound,” “complex back wound,” “postoperative wound,” “spine surgery”) and intervention (“flap closure,” “flap coverage,” “soft tissue reconstruction,” “muscle flap”).

RESULTS
In total, 532 articles were reviewed with 17 articles meeting the inclusion criteria of this study. The risk factors from the pooled analysis of 262 patients for the development of postoperative complex back wounds that necessitated muscle flap coverage included the involvement of instrumentation (77.6%), a previous history of radiotherapy (33.2%), smoking (20.6%), and diabetes mellitus (17.2%). In patients with instrumentation, prophylactic coverage of the wound with a well-vascularized flap was shown to result in a lower incidence of wound complications. One study showed a statistically significant decrease in complications compared with patients where prophylactic coverage was not performed (20% vs 45%). The indications for flap coverage after onset of wound complications included hardware exposure, wound infection, dehiscence, seroma, and hematoma. Flap coverage was shown to decrease the number of surgical debridements needed and also salvage hardware, with the rate of hardware removal after flap coverage ranging from 0% to 41.9% in 4 studies.

CONCLUSIONS
Prophylactic coverage with flaps in high-risk patients undergoing spine surgery reduces complications, while therapeutic coverage following wound complications allows the salvage of hardware in the majority of patients.