bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Kinds of Structural Noun Incorporation
Authors: Barrie Michael 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel solution to the problem of noun incorporation constructions in which both an incorporated noun and a nominal double, hyponymous object, or stranded modifier are present. Such doubling constructions have been difficult to reconcile with a syntactic approach to noun incorporation. I propose that doubling constructions arise from an underlying structure in which the incorporated nominal and the double are merged as a constituent. In doing so, I argue against the parameterized φ‐deletion analysis proposed in Baker et al. (2005), pointing out some shortcomings of their analysis. This proposal also ties together doubling and stranding into a unified phenomenon, a result I show is supported by cross‐linguistic evidence. I also tie doubling/stranding in with the availability ofNIwith unaccusatives and show how this also falls out from the current proposal. Thus, this proposal makes a strong testable prediction on the distribution of the properties ofNIfound in natural language.
Optimization of the freezing process for hematopoietic progenitor cells: effect of precooling, initial dimethyl sulfoxide concentration, freezing program, and storage in vapor‐phase or liquid nitrogen on in vitro white blood cell quality
Authors: Dijkstra‐Tiekstra Margriet J. , Setroikromo Airies C. , Kraan Marcha , Gkoumassi Effimia , de Wildt‐Eggen Janny 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundAdding dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) causes an exothermic reaction, potentially affecting their viability. The freezing method might also influence this. The aim was to investigate the effect of 1) precooling of DMSO and plasma (D/P) and white blood cell (WBC)‐enriched product, 2) DMSO concentration of D/P, 3) freezing program, and 4) storage method on WBC quality.Study Design and MethodsWBC‐enriched product without CD34+ cells was used instead of HPCs. This was divided into six or eight portions. D/P (20 or 50%; precooled or room temperature [RT]) was added to the WBC‐enriched product (precooled or RT), resulting in 10% DMSO, while monitoring temperature. The product was frozen using controlled‐rate freezing (“fast‐rate” or “slow‐rate”) and placed in vapor‐phase or liquid nitrogen. After thawing, WBC recovery and viability were determined.ResultsTemperature increased most for precooled D/P to precooled WBC‐enriched product, without influence of 20 or 50% D/P, but remained for all variations below 30°C. WBC recovery for both freezing programs was more than 95%. Recovery of WBC viability was higher for slow‐rate freezing compared to fast‐rate freezing (74% vs. 61%; p < 0.05) and also for 50% compared to 20% D/P (two test variations). Effect of precooling D/P or WBC‐enriched product and of storage in vapor‐phase or liquid nitrogen was marginal.ConclusionBased on these results, precooling is not necessary. Fifty percent D/P is preferred over 20% D/P. Slow‐rate freezing is preferred over fast‐rate freezing. For safety reasons storage in vapor‐phase nitrogen is preferred over storage in liquid nitrogen. Additional testing using real HPCs might be necessary.
Variations of plasma protein electrophoresis in healthy captive Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Musilová Anna , Knotková Zora , Pinterová Kateřina , Knotek Zdeněk 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundSerum or plasma protein electrophoresis is used as a routine test for health assessment in veterinary medicine, but there are only a limited number of studies regarding clinical use of electrophoresis in reptile species.ObjectiveThe goals of this study were to establish reference intervals for plasma protein electrophoresis in the Green Iguana (Iguana iguana), compare values between males and females, and to identify season‐related changes.MethodsPlasma samples were obtained from 21 healthy captive male and female Green Iguanas. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed using an automated Hydrasys system.ResultsFour main protein fractions were observed: albumin, α globulins, β globulins, and γ globulins. Bisalbuminemia was observed in 4 of 21 healthy iguanas. Minimum and maximum values were reported for healthy Green Iguanas in March, June, September, and December. Seasonal changes in albumin were determined between March and December, and in γ globulins between June and September. Differences between males and females were seen in albumin concentration in September.ConclusionsReference intervals of the plasma protein fractions according to electrophoresis in the Green Iguana can be affected by seasonal changes and sex of animals. It should be taken into account when clinical evaluation is performed.
Multilocus phylogeography of the sea snake Hydrophis curtus reveals historical vicariance and cryptic lineage diversity
Authors: Ukuwela Kanishka D. B. , de Silva Anslem , Mumpuni  , Fry Bryan G. , Sanders Kate L. 
Published: January 2015

The Indo‐Australian archipelago (IAA) supports the world's highest diversity of marine fish, invertebrates and reptiles. Many of the marine fish and invertebrates show congruent phylogeographic patterns, supporting a view that the region's complex geo‐climatic history has played an important role in generating its exceptional biodiversity. Here, we examine population genetic structure of the viviparous sea snake, Hydrophis curtus, to assess how past and present barriers to gene flow in the IAA have contributed to genetic and species diversity in a fully marine reptile. Mitochondrial and anonymous nuclear sequences and ten microsatellite loci were used to identify patterns of historical genetic structure and population expansion, reconstruct dated genealogies and assess levels of recent gene flow. These markers revealed strong concordant geographic structure within H. curtus with a prominent genetic break between populations broadly distributed in the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific. These populations were estimated to have diverged in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene, and microsatellite admixture analyses suggested limited recent gene flow between them despite the current lack of barriers to dispersal, indicating possible cryptic species. Subsequent divergence in the mid–late Pleistocene was detected within the West Pacific clade among the populations in the Phuket‐Thailand region, South‐East Asia and Australia, and two of these populations also showed genetic signals of recent range expansions. Our results show that climatic fluctuations during the Plio‐Pleistocene generated high levels of cryptic genetic diversity in H. curtus, and add to similar findings for diverse other marine groups in the IAA.
Protein kinase C and Ca2+–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II mediate the enlarged reverse INCX induced by ouabain‐increased late sodium current in rabbit ventricular myocytes
Authors: Wu Ying , Wang Leilei , Ma Jihua , Song Yejia , Zhang Peihua , Luo Antao , Fu Chen , Cao Zhenzhen , Wang Xiaojing , Shryock John C. , Belardinelli Luiz 
Published: January 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What are the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca2+–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) on late sodium current (INaL), reverse Na+–Ca2+ exchange current (reverse INCX) or intracellular Ca2+ levels changed by ouabain?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Ouabain, even at low concentrations (0.5–8.0 μm), can increase INaL and reverse INCX, and these effects may contribute to the effect of the glycoside to increase Ca2+ transients and contractility. Both PKC and CaMKII activities may mediate or modulate these processes.

It has been reported that the cardiac glycoside ouabain can increase the late sodium current (INaL), as well as the diastolic intracellular calcium concentration and contractile shortening. Whether an increase of INaL participates in a pathway that can mediate the positive inotropic response to ouabain is unknown. We therefore determined the effects of ouabain on INaL, reverse Na+–Ca2+ exchange current (reverse INCX), intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels and contractile shortening in rabbit isolated ventricular myocytes. Ouabain (0.1–8 μm) markedly increased INaL and reverse INCX in a concentration‐dependent manner, with significant effects at concentrations as low as 0.5 and 1 μm. These effects of ouabain were suppressed by the INaL inhibitors TTX and ranolazine, the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide and the Ca2+–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II inhibitor KN‐93. The enhancement by 0.5 μm ouabain of ventricular myocyte contractility and intracellular Ca2+ transients was suppressed by 2.0 μm TTX. We conclude that ouabain, even at low concentrations (0.5–8.0 μm), can increase INaL and reverse INCX, and these effects may contribute to the effect of the glycoside to increase Ca2+ transients and contractility. Both protein kinase C and Ca2+–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II activities may mediate or modulate these processes.
Physiological geroscience: targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity
Authors: Seals Douglas R. , Justice Jamie N. , LaRocca Thomas J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMost nations of the world are undergoing rapid and dramatic population ageing, which presents great socio‐economic challenges, as well as opportunities, for individuals, families, governments and societies. The prevailing biomedical strategy for reducing the healthcare impact of population ageing has been ‘compression of morbidity’ and, more recently, to increase healthspan, both of which seek to extend the healthy period of life and delay the development of chronic diseases and disability until a brief period at the end of life. Indeed, a recently established field within biological ageing research, ‘geroscience’, is focused on healthspan extension. Superimposed on this background are new attitudes and demand for ‘optimal longevity’ – living long, but with good health and quality of life. A key obstacle to achieving optimal longevity is the progressive decline in physiological function that occurs with ageing, which causes functional limitations (e.g. reduced mobility) and increases the risk of chronic diseases, disability and mortality. Current efforts to increase healthspan centre on slowing the fundamental biological processes of ageing such as inflammation/oxidative stress, increased senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired proteostasis and reduced stress resistance. We propose that optimization of physiological function throughout the lifespan should be a major emphasis of any contemporary biomedical policy addressing global ageing. Effective strategies should delay, reduce in magnitude or abolish reductions in function with ageing (primary prevention) and/or improve function or slow further declines in older adults with already impaired function (secondary prevention). Healthy lifestyle practices featuring regular physical activity and ideal energy intake/diet composition represent first‐line function‐preserving strategies, with pharmacological agents, including existing and new pharmaceuticals and novel ‘nutraceutical’ compounds, serving as potential complementary approaches. Future research efforts should focus on defining the temporal patterns of functional declines with ageing, identifying the underlying mechanisms and modulatory factors involved, and establishing the most effective lifestyle practices and pharmacological options for maintaining function. Continuing development of effective behavioural approaches for enhancing adherence to healthy ageing practices in diverse populations, and ongoing analysis of the socio‐economic costs and benefits of healthspan extension will be important supporting goals. To meet the demands created by rapid population ageing, a new emphasis in physiological geroscience is needed, which will require the collaborative, interdisciplinary efforts of investigators working throughout the translational research continuum from basic science to public health.
Increase in Daily Steps After an Exercise Specialist Led Lifestyle Intervention for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: A Controlled Implementation Trial
Authors: Johnson Steven T. , Mundt Clark , Qiu Weiyu , Soprovich Allison , Wozniak Lisa , Plotnikoff Ronald C. , Johnson Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2015

Objective:To determine the effectiveness of an exercise specialist led lifestyle program for adults with type 2 diabetes in primary care.Methods:Eligible participants from 4 primary care networks in Alberta, Canada were assigned to either a lifestyle program or a control group. The program targeted increased daily walking through individualized daily pedometer step goals for the first 3 months and brisk walking speed, along with substitution of low-relative to high-glycemic index foods over the next 3 months. The outcomes were daily steps, diet, and clinical markers, and were compared using random effects models.Results:198 participants were enrolled (102 in the intervention and 96 in the control). For all participants, (51% were women), mean age 59.5 (SD 8.3) years, A1c 6.8% (SD 1.1), BMI 33.6 kg/m2 (SD 6.5), systolic BP 125.6 mmHg (SD 16.2), glycemic index 51.7 (4.6), daily steps 5879 (SD 3130). Daily steps increased for the intervention compared with the control at 3-months (1292 [SD 2698] vs. 418 [SD 2458] and 6-months (1481 [SD 2631] vs. 336 [SD 2712]; adjusted P = .002). No significant differences were observed for diet or clinical outcomes.Conclusions:A 6-month lifestyle program delivered in primary care by an exercise specialist can be effective for increasing daily walking among adults with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. This short-term increase in daily steps requires longer follow-up to estimate the potential impact on health outcomes.
A Large Portion of Meningococcal Antigen Typing System-Negative Meningococcal Strains from Spain Is Killed by Sera from Adolescents and Infants Immunized with 4CMenB
Authors: Abad R. , Biolchi A. , Moschioni M. , Giuliani M. M. , Pizza M. , Vázquez J. A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA new vaccine (the 4CMenB 4-component protein vaccine [Bexsero], which includes PorA, factor H-binding protein [fHbp], neisserial heparin-binding antigen [NHBA], andNeisseriaadhesin A [NadA]) against serogroup B meningococci has recently been approved for use in people older than age 2 months in Europe, Australia, and Canada. Preapproval clinical efficacy studies are not feasible for invasive meningococcal disease because its incidence is low/very low, and the serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titer (or the human SBA [hSBA] titer when human complement is used in the assay) has been used as a surrogate marker of protection. However, the hSBA assay cannot be used on a large scale, and therefore, a meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS) was developed. MATS combines conventional PorA genotyping with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that quantifies both the expression and the cross-reactivity of antigenic variants. The assay has been used to evaluate the potential of the 4CMenB meningococcal group B vaccine to cover group B strains in several countries. Some recent data suggest that MATS is a conservative predictor of strain coverage. We used pooled sera from adolescents and infants to test by the hSBA assay 10 meningococcal group B strains isolated in Spain that were negative for the 3 antigens (n= 9) or that had very low levels of the 3 antigens (n= 1) by MATS. We found that all strains were killed by sera from adolescents and that 5 of the 10 strains were also killed, although at a low titer, by sera from infants. Our data confirm that MATS underestimates vaccine coverage.
Evaluation of the Boson Chemiluminescence Immunoassay as a First-Line Screening Test in the ECDC Algorithm for Syphilis Serodiagnosis in a Population with a High Prevalence of Syphilis
Authors: Qiu Xin-Hui , Zhang Ya-Feng , Chen Yu-Yan , Zhang Qiao , Chen Fu-Yi , Liu Long , Fan Jin-Yi , Gao Kun , Zhu Xiao-Zhen , Zheng Wei-Hong , Zhang Hui-Lin , Lin Li-Rong , Liu Li-Li , Tong Man-Li , Zhang Chang-Gong , Niu Jian-Jun , Yang Tian-Ci 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
We developed a new Boson chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA) and evaluated its application with cross-sectional analyses. Our results indicated that the Boson CIA demonstrated strong discriminatory power in diagnosing syphilis and that it can be used as a first-line screening test for syphilis serodiagnosis using the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control algorithm or as a confirmatory test when combined with a patient's clinical history.
Diagnosing Rhodococcus equi Infections in a Setting Where Tuberculosis Is Highly Endemic: a Double Challenge
Authors: Le Thuy , Cash-Goldwasser Shama , Tho Phan Vinh , Lan Nguyen Phu Huong , Campbell James I. , van Doorn H. Rogier , Lam Nguyen Tien , Trung Nguyen Vu , Trinh Dao Tuyet , Kinh Nguyen Van , Wertheim Heiman F. L. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus equi
infection is increasing in regions with high HIV prevalence worldwide. The microbiological features and clinical mimicry of tuberculosis infection pose diagnostic challenges in high-tuberculosis-incidence settings. We present two HIV-associated cases of
R. equi
infection from Vietnam and discuss the unique diagnostic challenges in such settings.
Validation of Rapid Point-of-Care (POC) Tests for Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Field and Laboratory Settings in the Gambia, Western Africa
Authors: Njai Harr Freeya , Shimakawa Yusuke , Sanneh Bakary , Ferguson Lynne , Ndow Gibril , Mendy Maimuna , Sow Amina , Lo Gora , Toure-Kane Coumba , Tanaka Junko , Taal Makie , D'alessandro Umberto , Njie Ramou , Thursz Mark , Lemoine Maud 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Point-of-care tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) could be an ideal tool for a large-scale HBV screening/treatment program in SSA. Using data from the PROLIFICA (Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa) program, we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the diagnostic accuracy of three point-of-care tests (Determine, Vikia, and Espline) for the detection of HBsAg in the field or a laboratory setting in the Gambia. In the field, we used finger-prick whole blood for the Determine and Vikia tests and dried blood spots for the reference standard test (AxSYM HBsAg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]). In the laboratory we used serum for the Determine, Espline, and reference test (Architect chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay). Of 773 participants recruited at the community and 227 known chronic HBV carriers (1,000 subjects in total), 293 were positive for HBsAg. The sensitivity and specificity of the Determine test were 88.5% and 100% in the field and 95.3% and 93.3% in the laboratory setting, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% and 99.8% for the Vikia test (in the field) and 93.9% and 94.7% for the Espline test (in the laboratory). There was no evidence that one kit was better than another. Most of the patients with false-negative results (18/19) were classified as inactive chronic carriers. In summary, the three point-of-care tests had acceptable ranges of diagnostic accuracy. These tests may represent accurate, rapid, and inexpensive alternatives to serology testing for the screening of HBV infection at field level in SSA.
Protein-Peptide Arrays for Detection of Specific Anti-Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) Genotype 1, 6, and 8 Antibodies among HDV-Infected Patients by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging
Authors: Villiers Marie-Bernadette , Cortay Jean-Claude , Cortès Sandra , Bloquel Bénédicte , Brichler Ségolène , Brakha Carine , Kay Alan , Falah Nisrine , Zoulim Fabien , Marquette Christophe , Marche Patrice N. , Dény Paul 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTLiver diseases linked to hepatitis B-hepatitis D virus co- or superinfections are more severe than those during hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfection. The diagnosis of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection therefore remains crucial in monitoring patients but is often overlooked. To integrate HDV markers into high-throughput viral hepatitis diagnostics, we studied the binding of anti-HDV antibodies (Abs) using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). We focused on the ubiquitous HDV genotype 1 (HDV1) and the more uncommon African-HDV6 and HDV8 genotypes to define an array with recombinant proteins or peptides. Full-length and truncated small hepatitis D antigen (S-HDAg) recombinant proteins of HDV genotype 1 (HDV1) and 11 HDV peptides of HDV1, 6, and 8, representing various portions of the delta antigen were grafted onto biochips, allowing SPRi measurements to be made. Sixteen to 17 serum samples from patients infected with different HDV genotypes were injected onto protein and peptide chips. In all, Abs against HDV proteins and/or peptides were detected in 16 out of 17 infected patients (94.12%), although the amplitude of the SPR signal varied. The amino-terminal part of the protein was poorly immunogenic, while epitope 65-80, exposed on the viral ribonucleoprotein, may be immunodominant, as 9 patient samples led to a specific SPR signal on peptide 65 type 1 (65#1), independently of the infecting genotype. In this pilot study, we confirmed that HDV infection screening based on the reactivity of patient Abs against carefully chosen HDV peptides and/or proteins can be included in a syndrome-based viral hepatitis diagnostic assay. The preliminary results indicated that SPRi studying direct physical HDAg–anti-HDV Ab interactions was more convenient using linear peptide epitopes than full-length S-HDAg proteins, due to the regeneration process, and may represent an innovative approach for a hepatitis syndrome–viral etiology-exploring array.
Ruminococcus gnavus Total Hip Arthroplasty Infection in a 62-Year-Old Man with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Roux Anne-Laure , El Sayed Faten , Duffiet Pascal , Bauer Thomas , Heym Beate , Gaillard Jean-Louis , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Rottman Martin 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a total hip arthroplasty infection caused by
Ruminococcus gnavus
in a 62-year-old man with ulcerative colitis. The bacterium was perfectly identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry.
Clinical Relevance of Multiple Respiratory Virus Detection in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Choi Seong-Ho , Chung Jin-Won , Kim Hye Ryoun 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Because increasing numbers of nasopharyngeal swab specimens from adult patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI) are being tested by respiratory virus (RV) multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR (RVM-RT-PCR), multiple RV detection (MRVD) is being encountered more frequently. However, the clinical relevance of MRVD in adult patients has rarely been evaluated. The clinical characteristics of hospitalized adult patients with ARI and MRVD by RVM-RT-PCR tests were compared to those of patients with single RV detection (SRVD) during a single year at a tertiary care center. MRVD was observed in 26 of the 190 adult patients (13.7%). The patients with MRVD had a higher incidence of chronic lung disease than the patients with SRVD (34.6% versus 15.9%, crude odds ratio [OR] = 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13 to 6.98,
P
= 0.03). Although the former were more likely than the latter to receive mechanical ventilation (19.2% versus 6.7%, crude OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.05 to 10.47,
P
= 0.049), the length of hospital stay (median, 7 versus 6.5 days;
P
= 0.66), and the in-hospital mortality rate (7.7% versus 4.3%, crude OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 0.37 to 9.53,
P
= 0.35) were not different between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, chronic lung disease was associated with MRVD (adjusted OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.12 to 8.46,
P
= 0.03). In summary, it was not uncommon to encounter adult patients with ARI and MRVD by RVM-RT-PCR tests of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. MRVD was associated with chronic lung disease rather than the severity of the ARI.