bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KPT‐330 inhibitor of CRM1 (XPO1)‐mediated nuclear export has selective anti‐leukaemic activity in preclinical models of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Etchin Julia , Sanda Takaomi , Mansour Marc R. , Kentsis Alex , Montero Joan , Le Bonnie T. , Christie Amanda L. , McCauley Dilara , Rodig Scott J. , Kauffman Michael , Shacham Sharon , Stone Richard , Letai Anthony , Kung Andrew L. , Thomas Look A. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThis study explored the anti‐leukaemic efficacy of novel irreversible inhibitors of the major nuclear export receptor, chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1, also termed XPO1). We found that these novel CRM1 antagonists, termed SINE (Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export), induced rapid apoptosis at low nanomolar concentrations in a panel of 14 human T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) cell lines representing different molecular subtypes of the disease. To assess in vivo anti‐leukaemia cell activity, we engrafted immunodeficient mice intravenously with the human T‐ALL MOLT‐4 cells, which harbour activating mutations of NOTCH1 and NRAS as well as loss of function of the CDKN2A, PTEN and TP53 tumour suppressors and express a high level of oncogenic transcription factor TAL1. Importantly, we examined the in vivo anti‐leukaemic efficacy of the clinical SINE compound KPT‐330 against T‐ALL and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. These studies demonstrated striking in vivo activity of KPT‐330 against T‐ALL and AML cells, with little toxicity to normal murine haematopoietic cells. Taken together, our results show that SINE CRM1 antagonists represent promising ‘first‐in‐class’ drugs with a novel mechanism of action and wide therapeutic index, and imply that drugs of this class show promise for the targeted therapy of T‐ALL and AML.
Longitudinal Relations of Intrusive Parenting and Effortful Control to Ego‐Resiliency During Early Childhood
Authors: Taylor Zoe E. , Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L. , Widaman Keith F. 
Published: February 2013

Longitudinal relations among ego‐resiliency (ER), effortful control (EC), and observed intrusive parenting were examined at 18, 30, and 42 months of age (Ns = 256, 230, and 210) using structural equation modeling. Intrusive parenting at 18 and 30 months negatively predicted EC a year later, over and above earlier levels. EC at 30 months mediated the negative relation between 18‐month intrusive parenting and ER at 42 months when controlling for stability of the variables. ER did not predict EC. The findings suggest that intrusive parenting may have a negative effect on children's ego‐resiliency through its effects on children's abilities to regulate attention and behavior.
How to deal with complications after laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy: lessons learnt from a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Badrek‐Al Amoudi A. H. , Greenslade G. L. , Dixon A. R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimLaparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) is increasingly recognized as having utility in rectal prolapse, obstructive defaecation syndrome (ODS), faecal incontinence (FI) and multicompartment pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). This study aimed to highlight gaps in service provision and areas for improvement by examining a cohort of patients with complications referred to a tertiary centre.MethodExamination was carried out of a password‐protected electronic database of all LVMRs operated on in one institution.ResultsFifty patients (45 women), median age 54 (range, 24–71) years, were referred with early symptomatic failure (n = 27) following an inadequate LVMR or major mesh complications (erosion into another organ, fistulation or stricturing) (n = 23). All were amenable to remedial laparoscopic surgery. Functional improvements were found in pre‐ and postoperative ODS, Wexner (FI) scores (two‐tailed t‐test; P < 0.0001) and quality of life (Birmingham Bowel and Urinary Symptoms Questionnaire‐22) scores at 3 months (two‐tailed t‐test; P < 0.001) and normalization at 1 year (P < 0.015). This was mirrored by improved linear bowel symptom severity visual analogue scale scores (two‐tailed t‐test; P < 0.0001 at 3 months and P = 0.015 at 1 year) .ConclusionLVMR can be associated with technical complications arising from inadequate technique or from operation‐specific complications that are amenable to complex revisional laparoscopic surgery with significant improvement in quality of life and function.
Attitudes towards the use of mouth and face guards in Swedish ice hockey: part I. Materials and method
Authors: Glendor Ulf , Göransson Anne 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground/aimThe most common method to study the use and attitudes of mouth and face guards is a limited number of preprepared questions. This approach, however, risks information restriction and lowers the general value of the study. The aim of this study was therefore to present a phenomenographic approach to capture the use and attitudes towards mouth and face guards in two Swedish ice hockey clubs.Materials and methodThe phenomenographic study was set up as 12 focus group interviews: six interviews with one elite and six interviews with one division 3 ice hockey club in Sweden. A number of categories were identified, which became the basis for how the results are presented.ResultsThe participants inspired each other to speak freely, which allowed for much wider and deeper discussions than was expected. In comparison with the use of a preprepared questionnaire with a limited number of questions sent home by post, this method included comments from the participants and revealed new angles of approach in 12 identified categories.ConclusionsUsing a phenomenographic research method, more variations and different apprehensions could be revealed than what would be possible with a set of preprepared questions sent by post or used in individual interviews.
The effect of mating frequency and mating pattern on female reproductive fitness in cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi
Authors: Liu Xing Ping , He Hai Ming , Xue Fang Sen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIt is generally thought that females can receive more of the material benefits from males by increasing mating frequency and polyandry can lead to greater reproductive success. The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a highly promiscuous species, in which females or males can readily mate repeatedly with a given partner or multiple partners at a very high frequency. In the present study, the effect of mating frequency (number of matings) and mating pattern (polyandry vs. monogamy) on female reproductive fitness was investigated by measuring fecundity, fertility, and female longevity. The results indicated that increased female mating frequency with the same male did not result in variation in lifetime fecundity, but significantly increased fertility and decreased female longevity. Moreover, five copulations were sufficient to acquire maximal reproductive potential. Female lifetime fecundity also did not differ between polyandrous and monogamous treatments. However, monogamous females exhibited a significant increase in fertility and significant prolongation of longevity compared with polyandrous females, further demonstrating that monogamy is superior to polyandry in this beetle.
Home, city and diaspora: Anglo–Indian and Chinese attachments to Calcutta
Authors: BLUNT ALISON , BONNERJEE JAYANI 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article is about the city as home for people living in diaspora. We develop two key areas of debate. First, in contrast to research that explores diasporic homes in relation to domestic homemaking and/or the nation as home or ‘homeland’, we consider the city as home in diaspora. Second, building on research on transnational urbanism, translocality and the importance of the ‘city scale’ in migration studies, we argue that the city is a distinctive location of diasporic dwelling, belonging and attachment. Drawing on interviews with Anglo–Indian and Chinese Calcuttans who live in London and Toronto, we develop the idea of ‘diaspora cities’ to explore the importance of the city as home rather than the nation as ‘homeland’ for many people living in diaspora. This leads to an understanding of the importance of migration and diaspora within cities of departure as well as resettlement, and contributes a distinctively diasporic focus to broader work on comparative urbanism.
A stranger at ‘home’: interactions between transnational return visits and integration for Afghan‐American professionals
Authors: OEPPEN CERI 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this article, I explore the interactions between transnational activities (in the form of return visits) and integration, for Afghan refugees living in the USA. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in California and Kabul, I look at why return visits take place and the difficult experiences Afghan‐Americans had of being a stranger in what might they might otherwise consider their ‘home’. I argue that return visits can serve as a transnational strategy to help integration in California through, for example, the investment of ‘reverse’ remittances. In doing so, I highlight the importance of multi‐directional transnational flows, particularly those from Afghanistan to the USA.
Case studies in the management of refractory bleeding in patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors
Authors: Valentino L. A. , Allen G. , Gill J. C. , Hurlet A. , Konkle B. A. , Leissinger C. A. , Luchtman‐Jones L. , Powell J. , Reding M. , Stine K. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn haemophilia patients with well‐established high‐titer inhibitors, even seemingly minor acute bleeding episodes or surgical procedures may become refractory to treatment and transform into limb‐ or life‐threatening situations. In the absence of evidence‐based treatment guidelines, this article presents 10 cases of difficult to control acute and surgical bleeding and offers consensus opinions regarding their management from a panel of experienced haemophilia treaters.
Challenges of providing maintenance hemodialysis in a resource poor country: Experience from a single teaching hospital in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Bello Babawale T. , Raji Yemi R. , Sanusi Ibilola , Braimoh Rotimi W. , Amira Oluwatoyin C. , Mabayoje Omolara M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractProviding maintenance hemodialysis is associated with high costs and poor outcomes. In Nigeria, more than 90% of the population lives below the poverty line, and patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) pay out‐of‐pocket for maintenance hemodialysis. To highlight the challenges of providing maintenance hemodialysis for patients with ESRD in Nigeria, we reviewed records of all patients who joined the maintenance hemodialysis program of our dialysis unit over a 21‐month period. Information regarding frequency of hemodialysis, types of vascular access for dialysis, mode of anemia treatment and frequency of blood transfusion received were retrieved. One hundred and twenty patients joined the maintenance hemodialysis program of our unit during the period under review. Seventy‐two (60%) were males and the mean age of the study population was 47 + 14 years. The mean hemoglobin concentration at commencement of dialysis was 7.3 g/dL + 1.6 g/dL. The initial vascular access was femoral vein cannulation in all the patients. A total of 73.5% of the patients required blood transfusion at some point with 33% receiving five or more pints of blood. Only 3.3% of the patients had thrice weekly dialysis, 21.7% dialyzed twice weekly, 23.3% once weekly, 16.7% once in two weeks, 2.5% once in three weeks and 11.7% once monthly. At the time of review, 8.3% of the patients had died while 38.3% were lost to follow‐up. Majority of patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis in our unit were poorly prepared for dialysis, were under‐dialyzed, and were frequently transfused with blood with resultant poor outcomes.
Physical inactivity and insufficient dietary intake are associated with the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with compensated viral liver cirrhosis
Authors: Hayashi Fumikazu , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Momoki Chika , Yuikawa Miho , Okada Genya , Hamakawa Erika , Kawamura Etsushi , Hagihara Atsushi , Toyama Madoka , Fujii Hideki , Kobayashi Sawako , Iwai Shuji , Morikawa Hiroyasu , Enomoto Masaru , Tamori Akihiro , Kawada Norifumi , Habu Daiki 
Published: February 2013

AimThe association between sarcopenia and nutritional status is thought to be an important problem in patients with cirrhosis. In this study, we investigated whether nutritional factors were related to sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis.MethodsThe subjects were 50 patients with cirrhosis aged 41 years or older. In this study, the subjects were interviewed about their dietary habits, and their daily physical activity was surveyed using a pedometer. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated using the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) measured by bioelectric impedance analysis. The handgrip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer. Sarcopenia was defined by SMI and handgrip strength. The patients with cirrhosis were categorized as normal group or sarcopenia group, and the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling were used to identify the relevance for sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis.ResultsHeight (odds ratio (OR), 5.336; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.063–26.784; P = 0.042), energy intake per ideal bodyweight (IBW) (OR, 5.882; 95% CI, 1.063–32.554; P = 0.042) and number of steps (OR, 4.767; 95% CI, 1.066–21.321; P = 0.041) were independent relevant factors for sarcopenia. Moreover, a significantly greater number of the patients in the sarcopenia group had low values for both parameters' energy intake per IBW and number of steps.ConclusionOur results suggest that walking 5000 or more steps per day and maintaining a total energy intake of 30 kcal/IBW may serve as a reference for lifestyle guidelines for compensated cirrhotic patients.
The dilemma of conserving parasites: the case of Felicola (Lorisicola) isidoroi (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) and its host, the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)
Authors: Pérez Jesús M. , Sánchez Iñigo , Palma Ricardo L. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Parasites are essential elements in healthy natural ecosystems. Also, they constitute most of the world's biodiversity. Therefore, they deserve to be conserved together with their hosts.

The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is the most endangered felid in the world because it only survives in two isolated populations in the Iberian Peninsula, with no more than 300 free‐ranging individuals.

Felicola (Lorisicola) isodoroi is a louse exclusively parasitic on the Iberian lynx, and it appears to be scarcer and therefore more endangered than its host.

Current management activities devoted to the conservation of the Iberian lynx, such as reproduction in captivity for restocking, could compromise the survival of its louse species.

In this article we revise the ectoparasites of the Iberian lynx and discuss their potential role for transmission of pathogens.

Also, we propose measures which could enhance the survival of F. (L.) isidoroi.
Rationale and Design of the On‐Treatment PLAtelet Reactivity‐Guided Therapy Modification FOR ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (PLATFORM) Randomized Trial
Authors: MRDOVIC IGOR , SAVIC LIDIJA , KRLJANAC GORDANA , ASANIN MILIKA , CVETINOVIC NATASA , BRDAR NATASA , STOJANOVIC MILENA , DJURICIC NEMANJA , STANKOVIC SANJA , MARINKOVIC JELENA , PERUNICIC JOVAN 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe present trial aims at examining whether antiplatelet regimen modification, guided by assessment of the on‐treatment platelet reactivity, might result with clinical benefit in moderate to high‐risk patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).BackgroundHigh platelet reactivity has been associated with an increased rate of ischemic events after PCI. Recent large trials did not show a clinical benefit of platelet reactivity‐guided therapy modification in acute coronary syndrome patients treated by PCI.MethodsPLATFORM is an investigator‐initiated, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group, controlled clinical trial. Approximately 632 STEMI patients with intermediate to high‐risk (RISK‐PCI score >3) clinical features undergoing PPCI will be randomly allocated to treatment modification or standard therapy. Low responders to aspirin will receive 200 mg aspirin for 30 days. Low responders to clopidogrel will receive 180 mg ticagrelor for 1 year. The primary end‐point is the time to the first composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including death, nonfatal infarction, stroke, or immediate target vessel revascularization. Key safety end‐point is the rate of TIMI major bleeding unrelated to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Our secondary end‐points are individual components of MACE, definite stent thrombosis, total bleeding, and the need for blood transfusions. Patients will be followed‐up at 30 days and at 1 year after PPCI.ConclusionPLATFORM will determine whether the platelet reactivity‐guided use of ticagrelor in combination with 200 mg aspirin, compared with standard antiplatelet regimen, improves clinical outcome in moderate to high‐risk STEMI patients undergoing PPCI.Clinical Trial RegistrationU.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) at www.clinicaltrials.gov. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01739556, and Current Controlled Trials at www.controlledtrials.com. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN83081599. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:221–227)
Latent Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial through a Semiparametric Accelerated Failure Time Mixture Model
Authors: Altstein L. , Li G. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThis article studies a semiparametric accelerated failure time mixture model for estimation of a biological treatment effect on a latent subgroup of interest with a time‐to‐event outcome in randomized clinical trials. Latency is induced because membership is observable in one arm of the trial and unidentified in the other. This method is useful in randomized clinical trials with all‐or‐none noncompliance when patients in the control arm have no access to active treatment and in, for example, oncology trials when a biopsy used to identify the latent subgroup is performed only on subjects randomized to active treatment. We derive a computational method to estimate model parameters by iterating between an expectation step and a weighted Buckley–James optimization step. The bootstrap method is used for variance estimation, and the performance of our method is corroborated in simulation. We illustrate our method through an analysis of a multicenter selective lymphadenectomy trial for melanoma.
Academic attitudes and their antecedents
Authors: Steele‐Johnson Debra , Narayan Anupama , Steinke Julie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn today's competitive workplace, individuals who are best prepared will have the greatest chance of obtaining and retaining jobs. Students can better prepare by developing the maximum possible knowledge and skills during their college educations. Research has shown that attitudes and perceptual variables have significant effects on development activity in organizations. We extend that research by using structural equations modeling to examine influences on attitudes toward one's college education. We posited that Big Five personality factors influence personal growth, readiness to change, and the perceived instrumentality of a university education and that these factors influence attitudes toward education. Results supported the posited model. A better understanding of antecedents of attitudes can enhance educational intervention effectiveness.
Molecular Characterization of Parabasalian Symbionts Coronympha clevelandii and Trichonympha subquasilla from the Hawaiian Lowland Tree Termite Incisitermes immigrans
Authors: James Erick R. , Burki Fabien , Todd Harper J. , Scheffrahn Rudolf H. , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn important and undervalued challenge in characterizing symbiotic protists is the accurate identification of their host species. Here, we use DNA barcoding to resolve one confusing case involving parabasalian symbionts in the hindgut of the Hawaiian lowland tree termite, Incisitermes immigrans, which is host to several parabasalians, including the type species for the genus Coronympha, C. clevelandii. We collected I. immigrans from its type locality (Hawaii), confirmed its identity by DNA barcoding, and characterized the phylogenetic position of two symbionts, C. clevelandii and Trichonympha subquasilla. These data show that previous molecular surveys of “I. immigrans” are, in fact, mainly derived from the Caribbean termite I. schwarzi, and perhaps also another related species. These results emphasize the need for host barcoding, clarify the relationship between morphologically distinct Coronympha species, and also suggest some interesting distribution patterns of nonendemic termite species and their symbionts.
Genetic variation and structure of house sparrow populations: is there an island effect?
Authors: Jensen Henrik , Moe Rune , Hagen Ingerid Julie , Holand Anna Marie , Kekkonen Jaana , Tufto Jarle , Sæther Bernt‐Erik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPopulation genetic structure and intrapopulation levels of genetic variation have important implications for population dynamics and evolutionary processes. Habitat fragmentation is one of the major threats to biodiversity. It leads to smaller population sizes and reduced gene flow between populations and will thus also affect genetic structure. We use a natural system of island and mainland populations of house sparrows along the coast ofNorway to characterize the different population genetic properties of fragmented populations. We genotyped 636 individuals distributed across 14 populations at 15 microsatellite loci. The level of genetic differentiation was estimated usingF‐statistics and specially designedMantel tests were conducted to study the influence of population type (i.e. mainland or island) and geographic distance on the genetic population structure. Furthermore, the effects of population type, population size and latitude on the level of genetic variation within populations were examined. Our results suggest that genetic processes on islands and mainland differed in two important ways. First, the intrapopulation level of genetic variation tended to be lower and the occurrence of population bottlenecks more frequent on islands than the mainland. Second, although the general level of genetic differentiation was low to moderate, it was higher between island populations than between mainland populations. However, differentiation increased in mainland populations somewhat faster with geographical distance. These results suggest that population bottleneck events and genetic drift have been more important in shaping the genetic composition of island populations compared with populations on the mainland. Such knowledge is relevant for a better understanding of evolutionary processes and conservation of threatened populations.