bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic Parathyroidectomy: A Prospective Case Control Study
Authors: Arora Asit , Garas George , Awad Zaid , Budge James , Cox Jeremy , Palazzo Fausto , Tolley Neil S. 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) To assess the clinical efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of the robotic approach compared with conventional targeted minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. 2) To evaluate whether the absence of a neck scar associated with the robotic approach offers any advantage(s) over conventional targeted minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. 3) To compare patient satisfaction between the 2 techniques.MethodProspective case control study of 30 patients that underwent targeted parathyroidectomy over 4 years (May 2009‐February 2012) in a tertiary referral endocrine center. Fifteen patients had a robotic and 15 an endoscopic approach. Outcomes assessed included operative time, blood loss, biochemistry, pain, scar cosmesis, voice, quality of life, and complications.ResultsIn all cases the parathyroid adenoma was successfully removed. There was 1 robotic conversion. Mean robotic operative time was approximately double that of the conventional approach. There were no significant differences in mean blood loss. Initial normalization of PTH and adjusted serum calcium levels occurred in 29 cases. The mean visual analogue score (VAS) for scar cosmesis was superior in the robotic cohort from 2 weeks (84% vs 65%, P <. 01) to 1 year (94% vs 62%, P <. 01). Postoperative VAS pain scores were similar in both groups (P <. 05). All EQ5 HD quality of life parameters significantly improved in both cohorts (P <. 05).ConclusionThe robotic approach is a feasible “scar‐less in the neck” alternative to conventional targeted minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with a superior cosmetic outcome. However, this novel approach is not suitable for all patients and appropriate patient selection is vital. Finally, the high cost of robotic parathyroidectomy currently hinders its more widespread use.
Salivary Morbidity following Radioactive Iodine
Authors: Dingle Isaac F. , Mishoe Ashley , Nguyen Shaun A. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Determine the prevalence of sialoadenitis in patients treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer. 2) Determine if a reduction in swallowing‐related or global head and neck quality of life exists in patients treated with RAI. 3) Assess any dose dependence of the primary objectives.MethodSurviving patients seen at the MUSC Hollings Cancer Center for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer were identified by review of the Hollings Cancer Center Registry. Patients were mailed a baseline questionnaire, the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Xerostomia Quality of Life Survey.ResultsSurveys were mailed to 379 patients and 145 were returned (38%). The study included 121 women and 24 men, with a mean age of 52. RAI exposure was correlated with an increase in sialoadenitis and was dose dependent (R2 = 0.336, P <. 001). Of the 41 patients who received 100 or less millicuries (mCi), none reported sialoadenitis, compared to 17 (25%) of 69 patients who received 101 to 200 mCi, and 12 (39%) of 30 patients who received greater than 200 mCi (P =. 001). RAI exposure was not correlated with a reduction in swallowing‐related or global head and neck quality of life.ConclusionPatients treated with RAI exhibited an increased risk for sialoadenitis but no reduction in swallowing‐related or global head and neck quality of life. Our findings suggest these patients should be screened for salivary morbidity and may benefit from prophylactic treatments aimed at protecting the salivary glands prior to RAI exposure.
Salvage Laryngectomy Outcomes in Recurrent Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Li Mingsi , Lorenz Robert R. , Khan Mumtaz J. , Burkey Brian B. , Adelstein David J. , Scharpf Joseph 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of salvage partial laryngectomy (PL) and total laryngectomy (TL) in the treatment of recurrent laryngeal cancer in terms of disease control, postoperative course, survival, and functional outcomes, and to identify additional factors influencing the long‐term survival and disease recurrence in patients receiving salvage laryngectomy.MethodRetrospective chart review of patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx receiving salvage laryngectomy at Cleveland Clinic from 1997 to 2011. Disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), functional outcomes, recurrence rate, and postoperative course were evaluated against the methods of primary site and neck treatment.ResultsThe series is composed of 109 patients. The 5‐year DSS and 5‐year OS rates were 70.2% and 62.9%, respectively. Laryngeal preservation rate after PL was 80%, with 34% overall complication rate for all patients. No significant differences were noted in 5‐year OS (P =. 3241), postsalvage recurrence rate (P =. 3374), postoperative course, or functional outcomes between salvage TL and PL. Five‐year DSS was higher in the PL group (P =. 0309). Primary tumor location, presalvage treatment, initial/recurrent T‐staging, and neck dissection were not significant predictors of survival or recurrence (P = NS), but positive nodal disease (P =. 0320), rN‐staging (P =. 0474), and postsalvage recurrence (P <. 0001) were predictors of worse prognosis.ConclusionSalvage PL and TL are both effective procedures in treatment of recurrent laryngeal cancer after treatment failure, with similar efficacy in disease control, survival, functional outcomes, and complication rate in highly selected patients.
Time trends in quality indicators of colonoscopy
Authors: Moritz Volker , Bretthauer Michael , Holme Øyvind , Wang Fagerland Morten , Løberg Magnus , Glomsaker Tom , de Lange Thomas , Seip Birgitte , Sandvei Per , Hoff Geir 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThere is considerable variation in the quality of colonoscopy performance. The Norwegian quality assurance programme Gastronet registers outpatient colonoscopies performed in Norwegian endoscopy centres. The aim of Gastronet is long‐term improvement of endoscopist and centre performance by annual feedback of performance data.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to perform an analysis of trends of quality indicators for colonoscopy in Gastronet.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 73,522 outpatient colonoscopies from 73 endoscopists at 25 endoscopy centres from 2003 to 2012. We used multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for relevant variables to determine annual trends of three performance indicators: caecum intubation rate, pain during the procedure, and detection rate of polyps ≥5 mm.ResultsThe proportion of severely painful colonoscopies decreased from 14.8% to 9.2% (relative risk reduction of 38%; OR = 0.92 per year in Gastronet; 95% CI 0.86–1.00; p  = 0.045). Caecal intubation (OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.94–1.04; p  = 0.6) and polyp detection (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.99–1.07; p  = 0.15) remained unchanged during the study period.ConclusionsPain at colonoscopy showed a significant decrease during years of Gastronet participation while caecal intubation and polyp detection remained unchanged – independent of the use of sedation and/or analgesics and level of endoscopist experience. This may be due to the Gastronet audit, but effects of improved endoscopy technology cannot be excluded.
Management of acute variceal bleeding using hemostatic powder
Authors: Ibrahim Mostafa , El-Mikkawy Ahmed , Abdalla Haitham , Mostafa Ibrahim , Devière Jacques 
Published: February 2015

Background and objectivesThis study aimed to test the safety and efficacy of Hemospray® for emergency control of acute variceal bleeding (AVB) due to portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients.Patients and methodsThis single‐arm, prospective trial, conducted at two hospitals in Belgium and Egypt, included patients admitted to the emergency room with hematemesis and/or melena and known or suspected liver cirrhosis. All patients received urgent hemodynamic stabilization, octreotide (50 mcg bolus then 25 mcg/hour for 24 hours) and intravenous ceftriaxone (1 g/hour). Endoscopy to confirm AVB and Hemospray® application (if indicated) was performed within six hours of admission. Patients were kept under observation for 24 hours and underwent second endoscopy and definitive therapy (band ligation and/or cyanoacrylate injection in cases of gastric varices) the next day.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were admitted for suspected AVB, and 30 of these had confirmed AVB (70% male; mean age 59.5 years (range, 32.0–73 years)). Child‐Pugh class C liver disease was present in 53.4%. Esophageal varices were observed in 83.4% of patients, gastric varices in 10%, and duodenal varices in 6.6%. Spurting bleeding at the time of endoscopy was observed in 43.4%. One patient developed hematemesis six hours after Hemospray® application and underwent emergency endoscopic band ligation. No major adverse events or mortalities were observed during 15‐day follow‐up.ConclusionHemospray® application was safe and effective at short‐term follow‐up for emergency treatment of AVB in cirrhotic patients.
Value of innovation in hematologic malignancies: a systematic review of published cost-effectiveness analyses
Authors: Saret Cayla J. , Winn Aaron N. , Shah Gunjan , Parsons Susan K. , Lin Pei-Jung , Cohen Joshua T. , Neumann Peter J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We analyzed cost-effectiveness studies related to hematologic malignancies from the Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry (www.cearegistry.org), focusing on studies of innovative therapies. Studies that met inclusion criteria were categorized by 4 cancer types (chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma) and 9 treatment agents (interferon-α, alemtuzumab, bendamustine, bortezomib, dasatinib, imatinib, lenalidomide, rituximab alone or in combination, and thalidomide). We examined study characteristics and stratified cost-effectiveness ratios by type of cancer, treatment, funder, and year of study publication. Twenty-nine studies published in the years 1996-2012 (including 44 cost-effectiveness ratios) met inclusion criteria, 22 (76%) of which were industry funded. Most ratios fell below $50 000 per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) (73%) and $100 000/QALY (86%). Industry-funded studies (n = 22) reported a lower median ratio ($26 000/QALY) than others (n = 7; $33 000/QALY), although the difference was not statistically significant. Published data suggest that innovative treatments for hematologic malignancies may provide reasonable value for money.
The significance of macrophage polarization subtypes for animal models of tissue fibrosis and human fibrotic diseases
Authors: Wermuth Peter J , Jimenez Sergio A 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe systemic and organ‐specific human fibrotic disorders collectively represent one of the most serious health problems world‐wide causing a large proportion of the total world population mortality. The molecular pathways involved in their pathogenesis are complex and despite intensive investigations have not been fully elucidated. Whereas chronic inflammatory cell infiltration is universally present in fibrotic lesions, the central role of monocytes and macrophages as regulators of inflammation and fibrosis has only recently become apparent. However, the precise mechanisms involved in the contribution of monocytes/macrophages to the initiation, establishment, or progression of the fibrotic process remain largely unknown. Several monocyte and macrophage subpopulations have been identified, with certain phenotypes promoting inflammation whereas others display profibrotic effects. Given the unmet need for effective treatments for fibroproliferative diseases and the crucial regulatory role of monocyte/macrophage subpopulations in fibrogenesis, the development of therapeutic strategies that target specific monocyte/macrophage subpopulations has become increasingly attractive. We will provide here an overview of the current understanding of the role of monocyte/macrophage phenotype subpopulations in animal models of tissue fibrosis and in various systemic and organ‐specific human fibrotic diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss recent approaches to the design of effective anti‐fibrotic therapeutic interventions by targeting the phenotypic differences identified between the various monocyte and macrophage subpopulations.
Immune modulation as a therapeutic strategy in bone regeneration
Authors: Schlundt Claudia , Schell Hanna , Goodman Stuart B , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana , Duda Georg N , Schmidt-Bleek Katharina 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We summarize research approaches and findings on bone healing and regeneration that were presented at a workshop at the 60th annual meeting of the Orthopedic Research Society (ORS) in New Orleans in 2014. The workshop was designed to discuss the role of inflammation in bone regeneration in the context of fundamental biology, and to develop therapeutic strategies that involve immune modulation. Delayed or non-healing of bone is a major clinical problem, with around 10% of fracture patients suffering from unsatisfying healing outcomes. Inflammation is traditionally seen as a defense mechanism, but was recently found essential in supporting and modulating regenerative cascades. In bone healing, macrophages and T- and B-cells interact with progenitor cells, bone forming osteoblasts and remodeling osteoclasts. Among the cells of the innate immunity, macrophages are promising candidates for targets in immune-modulatory interventions that would overcome complications in bone healing and bone-related diseases. Among the cells of the adaptive immune system, CD8+ T cells have been shown to have a negative impact on bone fracture healing outcome, whereas regulatory T cells could be promising candidates that have a positive, modulating effect on bone fracture healing. This workshop addressed recent advances and key challenges in this exciting interdisciplinary research field.
Autism spectrum disorder in individuals with anorexia nervosa and in their first- and second-degree relatives: Danish nationwide register-based cohort-study
Authors: Koch Susanne V. , Larsen Janne T. , Mouridsen Svend E. , Bentz Mette , Petersen Liselotte , Bulik Cynthia , Mortensen Preben B. , Plessen Kerstin J. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundClinical and population-based studies report increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in individuals with anorexia nervosa and in their relatives. No nationwide study has yet been published on co-occurrence of these disorders.AimsTo investigate comorbidity of ASD in individuals with anorexia nervosa, and aggregation of ASD and anorexia nervosa in their relatives.MethodIn Danish registers we identified all individuals born in 1981–2008, their parents, and full and half siblings, and linked them to data on hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders.ResultsRisk of comorbidity of ASD in probands with anorexia nervosa and aggregation of ASD in families of anorexia nervosa probands were increased. However, the risk of comorbid and familial ASD did not differ significantly from comorbid and familial major depression or any psychiatric disorder in anorexia nervosa probands.ConclusionsWe confirm aggregation of ASD in probands with anorexia nervosa and in their relatives; however, the relationship between anorexia nervosa and ASD appears to be non-specific.
Excess Mortality Associated With Hypopituitarism in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Pappachan Joseph M. , Raskauskiene Diana , Kutty V. Raman , Clayton Richard N. 
Published: February 2015

Context:
Several previous observational studies showed an association between hypopituitarism and excess mortality. Reports on reduction of standard mortality ratio (SMR) with GH replacement have been published recently.

Objective:
This meta-analysis assessed studies reporting SMR to clarify mortality risk in hypopituitary adults and also the potential benefit conferred by GH replacement.

Data Sources:
A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane library up to March 31, 2014.

Eligibility Criteria:
Studies with or without GH replacement reporting SMR with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were included.

Data Extraction and Analysis:
Patient characteristics, SMR data, and treatment outcomes were independently assessed by two authors, and with consensus from third author, studies were selected for analysis. Meta-analysis was performed in all studies together, and those without and with GH replacement separately, using the statistical package metafor in R.

Results:
Six studies reporting a total of 19 153 hypopituiatary adults with a follow-up duration of more than 99 000 person years were analyzed. Hypopituitarism was associated with an overall excess mortality (weighted SMR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.21–2.76) in adults. Female hypopituitary adults showed higher SMR compared with males (2.53 vs 1.71). Onset of hypopituitarism at a younger age was associated with higher SMR. GH replacement improved the mortality risk in hypopituitary adults that is comparable to the background population (SMR with GH replacement, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05–1.24 vs SMR without GH, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.46–3.34). GH replacement conferred lower mortality benefit in hypopituitary women compared with men (SMR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.38–1.77 vs 0.95; 95% CI, 0.85–1.06).

Limitations:
There was a potential selection bias of benefit of GH replacement from a post-marketing data necessitating further evidence from long-term randomized controlled trials.

Conclusions:
Hypopituitarism may increase premature mortality in adults. Mortality benefit from GH replacement in hypopituitarism is less pronounced in women than men.
Body saccades of Drosophila consist of stereotyped banked turns
Authors: Muijres Florian T. , Elzinga Michael J. , Iwasaki Nicole A. , Dickinson Michael H. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The flight pattern of many fly species consists of straight flight segments interspersed with rapid turns called body saccades, a strategy that is thought to minimize motion blur. We analyzed the body saccades of fruit flies (Drosophila hydei), using high-speed 3D videography to track body and wing kinematics and a dynamically scaled robot to study the production of aerodynamic forces and moments. Although the size, degree and speed of the saccades vary, the dynamics of the maneuver are remarkably stereotypic. In executing a body saccade, flies perform a quick roll and counter-roll, combined with a slower unidirectional rotation around their yaw axis. Flies regulate the size of the turn by adjusting the magnitude of torque that they produce about these control axes, while maintaining the orientation of the rotational axes in the body frame constant. In this way, body saccades are different from escape responses in the same species, in which the roll and pitch component of banking is varied to adjust turn angle. Our analysis of the wing kinematics and aerodynamics showed that flies control aerodynamic torques during the saccade primarily by adjusting the timing and amount of span-wise wing rotation.
Efficient and Environmentally Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on ZnO Electron Collection Layer
Authors: Song Jiaxing , Bian Ji , Zheng Enqiang , Wang Xiao-Feng , Tian Wenjing , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
ZnO thin films prepared by spin-coating of nanoparticles at low temperature were utilized as the electron collection layer in CH3NH3PbI3-based perovskite solar cells having a planar heterojunction structure. The thickness of ZnO layer as a key parameter to determine the photovoltaic performance was optimized. The highest power conversion efficiency of up to 13.9% with small hysteretic behavior of current–voltage curves was achieved under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW cm−2). The ZnO-based devices exhibited significantly improved durability as compared to the control device with exposure to the ambient air environment.
Typification of the sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Boisset Fernando , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe typification of the sacred lotus, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner (≡ Nymphaea nelumbo L.; Nelumbonaceae), is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural type is based on an assessment of Linnaeus’s original material and the literature cited in the protologue. The name is lectotypified using a specimen from Paul Hermann’s herbarium at BM.
Engelbert Kaempfer, Genemon Imamura and the origin of the name Ginkgo
Authors: Nagata Toshiyuki , DuVal Ashley , Crane Peter R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe unusual spelling of the genus Ginkgo has long attracted scholarly interest. It is well known that Linnaeus took the name from the Amoenitatum exoticarum of Kaempfer, and that Kaempfer relied on the 17th century Japanese illustrated encyclopedia Kinmo Zui for some of the names he took for Japanese plants. But why Kaempfer transliterated the name as “Ginkgo”, a pronunciation that does not exist in contemporary Japanese, has been debated. The recognition that Kaempfer’s young assistant was Genemon Imamura, a native of Nagasaki, provides a new perspective. Analysis of the plant names in the Amoenitatum exoticarum and comparison with the names in the Kinmo Zui shows that Kaempfer sought to faithfully transcribe the pronunciations of Genemon’s late medieval Nagasaki dialect into his transliterations. Ginkgo is one of several examples for which transliteration of the Nagasaki dialect accounts for Kaempfer’s unusual spelling of a word or name.
Phylogeny of Hedysarum and tribe Hedysareae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) inferred from sequence data of ITS, matK, trnL‐F and psbA‐trnH
Authors: Duan Lei , Wen Jun , Yang Xue , Liu Pei-Liang , Arslan Emine , Ertuğrul Kuddisi , Chang Zhao-Yang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBased on sequence data of the nuclear ITS and plastid matK, trnL‐F and psbA‐trnH markers of 162 species (169 accessions), the relationships and monophyly of tribe Hedysareae and its close relatives were assessed, with special reference to the infrageneric phylogeny of Hedysarum. The results showed that Hedysareae sensu Lock is not monophyletic, and its relationships with tribe Galegeae are unclear. Tribe Galegeae is polyphyletic. Hedysareae sensu Lock includes two strongly supported clades: the Caraganean clade and the Hedysaroid clade. Tribe Caraganeae Ranjbar was supported to be recognized based on the Caraganean clade, but it is herein suggested to be re‐circumscribed by excluding Chesneya and Gueldenstaedtia. Our results support treating the Hedysaroid clade as tribe Hedysareae, comprising nine genera: Alhagi, Corethrodendron, Ebenus, Eversmannia, Greuteria, Hedysarum, Onobrychis, Sulla and Taverniera. Hedysarum as delimited here consists of three main clades: the first clade (the mesic group) corresponds to H. sect. Hedysarum; the second clade (the xeric group) is the re‐defined H. sect. Multicaulia, consisting of the core group of H. sect. Multicaulia plus the former genus Sartoria; and the third clade (the psychrophilic group) includes the monospecific H. sect. Stracheya (with H. tibeticum) and two species previously placed in H. sect. Multicaulia (H. kumaonense, H. lehmannianum).