bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of microRNAs involved in the radioresistance of esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Su Huafang , Jin Xiance , Zhang Xuebang , Xue Shengliu , Deng Xia , Shen Lanxiao , Fang Ya , Xie Congying 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRadioresistance is considered as the most important reason for local tumour recurrence. This study investigates the role of miRNAs in radioresistant human esophageal cancer cells. Human miRNA microarray has been used to detect the differential expressed microRNAs between radioresistant esophageal cell line KYSE‐150R and the parental cell line KYSE‐150. The relative expression of some candidate miRNAs was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Potential mRNA targets were analysed bioinformatically. Significant upregulation of 10 microRNAs and downregulation of 25 microRNAs were detected. The statistical significance of downregulation in hsa‐miR‐301a, hsa‐miR‐141 and hsa‐miR‐18b expression (P < 0.05) were confirmed by qRT‐PCR. The correlation of the predicted microRNA target genes to apoptosis (63 genes), cell cycle (67 genes), DNA damage and repair (18 genes) were confirmed by functional annotation. The downregulation of hsa‐miR‐301a promoted radioresistance in KYSE‐150R through the upregulation of wnt1, indicating that wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway might be important in radioresistance. In conclusion, a unique set of miRNAs and their expression profiles in radiation resistance have been identified, providing a solid basis for future studies to investigate the target genes of these miRNAs and their function.
Studies of Cobalt Particle Size Effects on Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis over Core–Shell‐Structured Catalysts
Authors: Zeng Bo , Hou Bo , Jia Litao , Wang Jungang , Chen Congbiao , Sun Yuhan , Li Debao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA series of core–shell‐structured catalysts that consist of different‐sized Co3O4 nano‐particles and silica shells were prepared by an in situ coating method. The reduced catalysts displayed uniform core sizes that ranged from 5.5–12.7 nm as ascertained by TEM, which concurred well with XRD analysis. The BET results revealed the highly mesoporous nature of the silica shell, which contributes to the facile access of the reactant gas to the active sites on the core particles. The degree of reduction of the calcined catalysts studied by H2 temperature‐programmed reduction was enhanced with increased Co particle size. In the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, a volcano‐like curve was plotted as the CO conversion and Co‐time‐yield revealed a rapid growth if the particle size increased from 5.5 to 8.7 nm and then decreased with further increased particle size to 12.7 nm, which is an effect of the combination of Co dispersion and reducibility. However, the turnover frequency remained invariant for catalysts with particle sizes larger than 8.7 nm. If we consider the product selectivity, generally, larger particles led to a longer chain length of hydrocarbons with a larger chain‐growth probability. The selectivity towards methane decreased and the corresponding heavy hydrocarbons (C19+) increased continuously with the increase of particle size. The catalyst with a particle size of 8.7 nm exhibited the highest selectivity and the maximum space‐time‐yield towards middle distillates (C5–C18) because of the modest chain‐growth probability.
Optimization of Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis by Microwave‐Assisted Pretreatment for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Ahi M. , Azin M. , Shojaosadati S. A. , Vasheghani‐Farahani E. , Nosrati M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSugarcane bagasse hydrolysis was optimized by dilute‐acid pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic treatment. The studied parameters were microwave heating temperature, residence time, and enzyme dosage as the main factors in a central composite design. The amount of released total reducing sugars, glucose, pentose, phenolic compounds, and furfural were measured after each stage. The optimum conditions with suitable concentrations of inhibitors and reducing sugars were applied for bioethanol production. As an example, ethanol was obtained from reducing sugars by Pichia stipitis without detoxification.
Core–Shell CuCo2O4@MnO2 Nanowires on Carbon Fabrics as High‐Performance Materials for Flexible, All‐Solid‐State, Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Wang Qiufan , Xu Jing , Wang Xianfu , Liu Bin , Hou Xiaojuan , Yu Gang , Wang Pan , Chen Di , Shen Guozhen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo boost the electrochemical utilization and area‐specific capacitance, core–shell CuCo2O4@MnO2 heterostructured nanowire arrays on carbon fabrics are synthesized and utilized as high‐performance, binder‐free, positive electrodes for electrochemical capacitors. The electrode architecture takes advantage of the synergistic effects contributed from both the porous CuCo2O4 nanowire core and the MnO2 shell layer. The as‐prepared electrode has a high cell‐specific capacitance of 327 F g−1, several times higher than that of CuCo2O4 nanowires (57.8 F g−1), at a current density of 1.25 A g−1 with excellent rate capability (90 % capacitance retention at a current density of 6.25 A g−1) in aqueous electrolyte. A flexible, all‐solid‐state symmetrical supercapacitor is fabricated by assembling two CuCo2O4@MnO2 nanowire‐based electrodes, a high cell‐area‐specific capacitance of 714 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 is achieved, which is much higher than values reported earlier. It delivers a high energy density of 94.3 W h cm−2 at a power density of 0.4757 mW cm−2 for a voltage window of 1 V. Highly stable electrochemical performance over 3000 cycles is obtained, even when the device is operated under harsh mechanical conditions. These results suggest that the as‐prepared CuCo2O4@MnO2/carbon fabric composite architecture is very promising for next‐generation high‐performance supercapacitors, and this work opens up a novel design of advanced integrated‐array electrode materials for high‐performance supercapacitors.
Simultaneous Presence of Both Open Metal Sites and Free Functional Organic Sites in a Noncentrosymmetric Dynamic Metal–Organic Framework with Bimodal Catalytic and Sensing Activities
Authors: Saha Rajat , Joarder Biplab , Roy Anupam Singha , Manirul Islam Sk. , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAssimilation of open metal sites (OMSs) and free functional organic sites (FOSs) with a framework strut has opened up a new route for the fabrication of novel metal–organic materials, thereby providing a unique opportunity to explore their multiple functionalities. A new metal–organic framework (MOF), {[Cu(ina)2(H2O)][Cu(ina)2(bipy)]⋅2 H2O}n (1) (ina=isonicotinate, bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine), has been synthesized and characterized. Complex 1 is crystallized in the orthorhombic noncentrosymmetric space group Aba2 and consists of two different 2D coordination polymers, [Cu(ina)2(H2O)]n and [Cu(ina)2(bipy)]n, with entrapped solvent water molecules. Hydrogen‐bonding interactions assemble these two different 2D coordination layers in a single‐crystal structure with interdigitation of pendant 4,4′‐bipy from one layer into the groove of another. Upon removal of guest molecules, 1 undergoes a structural transformation in single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal fashion with expansion of the effective void space. Each metal center is five‐coordinated and thus can potentially behave as an OMS, and the free pyridyl groups of pendant 4,4′‐bipy moieties and free CO groups can act as free FOSs. Thus, owing to presence of both OMSs and free FOSs, the framework exhibits multifunctional properties. Owing to the presence of OMSs, the framework can act as a Lewis acid catalyst as well as a small‐molecule sensor material, and in a similar way, owing to the presence of free FOSs, it performs as a Lewis base catalyst and a cation sensor material. Furthermore, owing to noncentrosymmetry with large polarity along a particular direction, it shows strong second‐harmonic generation/nonlinear optical (SHG‐NLO) activity.
Mediation as a Profession: Challenges That Professional Mediators Face
Authors: Raines Susan S. , Kumar Pokhrel Sunil , Poitras Jean 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn addition to the challenges mediators face during the mediation process itself, they face myriad professional challenges related to building and maintaining a successful mediation practice. This study shares the findings of a multiround survey of more than two hundred highly experienced mediators from around the world regarding the professional challenges that mediators face and the strategies they use to address these challenges. These are important issues to examine for those considering entering the profession or for those already practicing mediation and seeking to develop their skills further as a small‐business owner.
An A‐Site‐Deficient Perovskite offers High Activity and Stability for Low‐Temperature Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhu Yinlong , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Zhou Wei , Jiang Shanshan , Zou Jin , Shao Zongping 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) directly convert fossil and/or renewable fuels into electricity and/or high‐quality heat in an environmentally friendly way. However, high operating temperatures result in high cost and material issues, which have limited the commercialization of SOFCs. To lower their operating temperatures, highly active and stable cathodes are required to maintain a reasonable power output. Here, we report a layer‐structured A‐site deficient perovskite Sr0.95Nb0.1Co0.9O3−δ (SNC0.95) prepared by solid‐state reactions that shows not only high activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at operating temperatures below 600 °C, but also offers excellent structural stability and compatibility, and improved CO2 resistivity. An anode‐supported fuel cell with SNC0.95 cathode delivers a peak power density as high as 1016 mW cm−2 with an electrode‐area‐specific resistance of 0.052 Ω cm2 at 500 °C.
Expansion of activated regulatory T cells by myeloid‐specific chemokines via an alternative pathway in CSF of bacterial meningitis patients
Authors: Shi Guangzhi , Han Junyan , Liu Gang , Hao Yu , Ma Yaluan , Li Tong , Wu Xueying , Zhang Henghui , Liu Yanan , Wang Beibei , Kong Yaxian , Zhou Jianxin , Zeng Hui 
Published: October 2013

Previous studies have demonstrated that activation/expansion by certain cytokines as well as recruitment by specific chemokines is involved in enrichment of regulatory T (Treg) cells in local tissues or organs under pathological conditions. Recent evidence indicates that human Treg cells are a heterogeneous population that comprises three distinct subpopulations: CD25+CD45RA+ resting Treg (rTreg) cells, CD25hiCD45RA− activated Treg (aTreg) cells, which are both suppressive, and CD25+CD45RA− cytokine‐secreting T cells with proinflammatory capacity. Moreover, rTreg cells can proliferate and convert to aTreg cells. Here, we found an increase in aTreg‐cell frequency in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with postneurosurgery bacterial meningitis. We revealed that such an increased aTreg‐cell frequency in the CSF was not due to enhanced chemotaxis. Instead of a classic conversion pathway from rTreg to aTreg cells, we identified an alternative route of Treg‐cell conversion from cytokine‐secreting cells to aTreg cells induced by myeloid‐specific chemokine CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) ligand 5 via CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors, or by CSF myeloid cells in a cell–cell contact manner. Our results reveal a different view of how the immune system controls overwhelming local immune responses during infection, and provide evidence of how innate immunity negatively regulates adaptive immunity.
Helical Oligomers with a Changeable Chiral Acetal Moiety
Authors: Oba Makoto , Ishikawa Naoko , Demizu Yosuke , Kurihara Masaaki , Suemune Hiroshi , Tanaka Masakazu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract(R,R)‐Ac6c4BD homopeptides form helical structures with slight control of the helical screw sense to the right‐handed form. The chiral acetal moieties in (R,R)‐Ac6c4BD are changeable in the peptide state.
Li‐ion Reaction to Improve the Rate Performance of Nanoporous Anatase TiO2 Anodes
Authors: He Yan‐Bing , Liu Ming , Xu Zheng‐Long , Zhang Biao , Li Baohua , Kang Feiyu , Kim Jang‐Kyo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLarge initial capacity losses and low tap densities are among the major challenges to the wide‐ranging application of Li ion batteries based on anatase titania (TiO2) anodes. This study reports the root causes of the capacity losses and proposes effective ways to control them. Nanoporous TiO2 microspheres with a tap density as high as 1.1 g cm−3 are successfully prepared by using a spray drying method and a focused study is made of their electrochemical reaction kinetics. According to the results, the capacity losses are ascribed to the irreversible Li‐ion interfacial storage capability that arises mainly from the high reactivity between TiO2 and the electrolyte solution. A new anode material, TiO2–Li, prepared by reacting TiO2 with Li ions delivers a 50 % reduction in charge‐transfer resistance and a remarkable enhancement of Li‐ion diffusion coefficient by almost seven times, as compared to the neat TiO2 powders. The TiO2–Li anode presents a much lower initial capacity loss, higher rate performance, and better reversibility.
Fuel Properties of Croton megalocarpus, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Cocos nucifera (coconut) Methyl Esters and their Performance in a Multicylinder Diesel Engine
Authors: Atabani A. E. , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Mahlia T. M. I. , Masjuki H. H. , Mofijur M. , Lee Keat Teong , Chong W. T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBiodiesel has been considered recently as a viable alternative to fossil diesel fuels. This study aims to evaluate the potential of biodiesel production from Croton megalocarpus oil and compared it with coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Calophyllum inophyllum methyl esters. The study presents the physical and chemical properties of Croton megalocarpus, Calophyllum inophyllum and coconut methyl esters (CMME, CIME, and COME) together with their 10 and 20 % blends by volume (B10 and B20). This is followed by evaluating their blends in a multicylinder Mitsubishi Pajero diesel engine. It has been found that the properties of all biodiesel and their blends are comparable with ASTM D6751 and ASTM D7467 standards, respectively. Over the entire range of speed, it was found that the B10 and B20 blends of CMME, CIME, and COME result in average reduction in torque and brake power (BP) along with increased brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to pure diesel fuel. With respect to engine emissions, the fuel blends resulted in an average reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. However, the CMME and COME blends resulted in increased emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO) whereas CIME emits lower NO compared to pure diesel. It is concluded that B10 and B20 biodiesel blends can be used as diesel fuel substitutes without additional modifications.
Electrophysiological characterization of spinal neuron sensitization by elevated calcium channel alpha‐2‐delta‐1 subunit protein
Authors: Zhou C. , Luo Z.D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundVoltage‐gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit is the binding site for gabapentin, an effective drug in controlling neuropathic pain states including thermal hyperalgesia. Hyperalgesia to noxious thermal stimuli in both spinal nerve‐ligated (SNL) and voltage‐gated calcium channel α2δ1 overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice correlates with higher α2δ1 levels in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord. In this study, we investigated whether abnormal synaptic transmission is responsible for thermal hyperalgesia induced by elevated α2δ1 expression in these models.MethodsBehavioural sensitivities to thermal stimuli were test in L4 SNL and sham mice, as well as in α2δ1 Tg and wild‐type mice. Miniature excitatory (mEPSC) and inhibitory (mIPSC) post‐synaptic currents were recorded in superficial dorsal spinal cord neurons from these models using whole‐cell patch clamp slice recording techniques.ResultsThe frequency, but not amplitude, of mEPSC in superficial dorsal horn neurons was increased in SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice, which could be attenuated by gabapentin dose dependently. Intrathecal α2δ1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment diminished increased mEPSC frequency and gabapentin's inhibitory effects in elevated mEPSC frequency in the SNL mice. In contrast, neither the frequency nor the amplitude of mIPSC was altered in superficial dorsal horn neurons from the SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice.ConclusionsOur findings support a role of peripheral nerve injury‐induced α2δ1 in enhancing pre‐synaptic excitatory input onto superficial dorsal spinal cord neurons that contributes to nociception development.
Effect of salt‐tolerant yeast of Candida versatilis and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii on the production of biogenic amines during soy sauce fermentation
Authors: Qi Wei , Hou Li‐Hua , Guo Hong‐Lian , Wang Chun‐Ling , Fan Zhen‐Chuan , Liu Jin‐Fu , Cao Xiao‐Hong 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to enhance and improve the quality and safety of soy sauce. In the present work, the change of biogenic amines, such as histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, spermidine, was examined by the treatment of Candida versatilis and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and the influence of salt‐tolerant yeast on biogenic amines was analysed during the whole fermentation process.RESULTSThe results showed that the content of biogenic amines was elevated after yeast treatment and the content of biogenic amines was influenced by using yeast. The dominating biogenic amine in soy sauce was tyramine. At the end of fermentation, the concentrations of biogenic amines produced by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Candida versatilis in the soy mash were 122.71 mg kg−1 and 69.96 mg kg−1.CONCLUSIONSThe changes of biogenic amines in high‐salt liquid soy mash during fermentation process indicated that a variety of biogenic amines were increased in the fermentation ageing period, which may be due to amino acid decarboxylation to form biogenic amines by yeast decarboxylase. The fermentation period of soy sauce should be longer than 5 months because biogenic amines began to decline after this time period. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Compound cast‐forging of hybrid aluminum parts
Authors: Kosch K.‐G. , Freytag P. , Matthias T. , Kerber K. , Bouguecha A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBeim Verbund‐Gießschmieden hybrider Aluminiumbauteile werden die positiven Eigenschaften der Verfahren Gießen und Schmieden sowie unterschiedliche Werkstoffe miteinander kombiniert. Dies ermöglicht es Bauteile mit komplexer Geometrie und lokal unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften herzustellen. Bauteilbereiche mit hoher Komplexität (z.B. mit Hinterschnitt) werden gegossen. Bereiche, die im Betrieb hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind, werden geschmiedet. In den durchgeführten Grundlagenuntersuchungen wurde ein vorgeformtes, massivumgeformtes Halbzeug aus einer Aluminium‐Knetlegierung durch Ein‐ bzw. Angießen mit einer Aluminium‐Gusslegierung und anschließendem Umformen aus der Gießtemperatur in einem Verbund‐Gießschmiedeprozess gefügt. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen belegen eine gute Verbundqualität gießgeschmiedeter Bauteile aus unterschiedlichen Aluminiumlegierungen.
An interval random perturbation method for structural‐acoustic system with hybrid uncertain parameters
Authors: Xia Baizhan , Yu Dejie 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYAn interval random model is introduced for the response analysis of structural‐acoustic systems that lack sufficient information to construct the precise probability distributions of uncertain parameters. In the interval random model, the uncertain parameters are treated as random variables, whereas some distribution parameters of random variables with limited information are expressed as interval variables instead of precise values. On the basis of the interval random model, the interval random structural‐acoustic finite element equation is constructed, and an interval random perturbation method for solving this interval random equation is proposed. In the proposed method, the interval random matrix and vector are expanded by the first‐order Taylor series, and the response vector of the structural‐acoustic system is calculated by the matrix perturbation method. According to the linear monotonicity of the response vector, the lower and upper bounds of the response vector are calculated by the vertex method. On the basis of the lower and upper bounds, the intervals of expectation and standard variance of the response vector are obtained by the random interval moment method. The numerical results on a shell structural‐acoustic model and an automobile passenger compartment with flexible front panel demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnic and migrant differences in the use of anti‐asthmatic medication for children: the effect of place of residence
Authors: Cantarero‐Arévalo Lourdes , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Holstein Bjørn E. , Andersen Anette , Kaae Susanne , Hansen Ebba Holme 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundEthnic differences in the use of anti‐asthmatic medication have been reported, with ethnic minorities being at a higher risk of suboptimal asthma control. As contextual socioeconomic characteristics may play a role, we analysed whether ethnic differences in the use of anti‐asthmatic medication among children residing in the Capital Region of Denmark varied by place of residence.MethodsData were obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System, the Central Taxpayers' Register and the Danish National Prescription Register and were linked at the individual level. Population used was the entire child population in the Capital Region from 0 to 17 years old in 2008 (n = 342 403). Use of anti‐asthma medicine was defined as at least one prescription having been filled in 2008. The analyses included multiple multilevel logistic regression models.ResultsChildren living in low‐income places of residence had lower odds of being prescribed preventive anti‐asthmatics compared with children living in higher‐income places of residence [odds ratio (OR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.91]. Immigrant children had the lowest OR of being prescribed anti‐asthmatics medication, both relief (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.20–0.77) and preventive (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.24–0.82) compared with ethnic Danes. Similar associations were found among descendants of immigrant children (OR for preventive medication = 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.78). Place of residence contributed to but did not account for the ethnic differences in the use of anti‐asthmatic medication.ConclusionsEthnic differences in the use of anti‐asthmatic medication were documented, and they cannot be explained by socioeconomic characteristics of place of residence. The lower prevalence of anti‐asthmatic medication among ethnic minority children suggests poor asthma management control. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time Efficiency of Point-of-Sale Payment Methods: Empirical Results for Cash, Cards and Mobile Payments
Authors: Polasik Michal , Górka Jakub , Wilczewski Gracjan , Kunkowski Janusz , Przenajkowska Karolina , Tetkowska Natalia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe propose a novel approach for the time efficiency study of payment process at Point-Of-Sale (POS). A wide range of payment methods from cash and standard cards to contactless cards, RFID stickers and mobile payments (NFC and remote) was analysed. Transactions were timed by means of digital chronography of video material recorded in the biggest chain of convenience stores in Poland. Our results confirm that cash is a significantly faster payment method than traditional payment card with a magnetic stripe or EMV chip. However, the innovative payment methods, such as contactless cards and NFC mobile payments, are competitive to cash in terms of time efficiency. Contactless cards used in offline mode and without printing paper slips are the first popular electronic payment method in history faster than cash. Our results could be applied to optimise the payment process at POS as well as to develop innovative and efficient payment solutions.