bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates and Changes in Empathy and Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Collaboration in Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Calabrese Leonard H. , Bianco Joseph A. , Mann Douglas , Massello David , Hojat Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Context: Many studies have reported a decline in empathy as allopathic medical students progress through medical school. Data are needed to compare the pattern of changes in empathy in osteopathic and allopathic medical students. Also, it is important to investigate the associations between measures of empathy and attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration, which are among major elements of professionalism in medicine.

Objectives: (1) To investigate correlations between empathy and interprofessional collaboration in osteopathic medical students; (2) to examine differences in empathy and interprofessional collaboration scores by sex, class year, and specialty interest; and (3) to compare empathy scores by class year between osteopathic and allopathic medical students.

Design: Correlational and comparative study.

Setting: Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine.

Participants: Osteopathic medical students enrolled in academic year 2011-2012.

Main Outcome Measures: The Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSAPNC) scores.

Results: Student respondents (N=373) included 197 women (53%) and 176 men (47%). Significant correlation was found between scores on the JSE and JSAPNC (r=0.42, P<.01). Women scored higher than men on the JSE (mean scores, 117.1 and 111.9, respectively; F
1,371=19.6, P<.01) and the JSAPNC (mean scores, 50.1 and 48.7, respectively; F
1,371=6.5, P<.01). No statistically significant difference on the scores of the 2 scales was observed among students who planned to pursue “people-oriented” specialties (150 [40%]) compared with those interested in “technology/procedure-oriented” specialties (170 [45%]). No statistically significant change in empathy scores was found in different class years of the osteopathic medical students. Comparisons of empathy scores with allopathic medical students showed no significant difference in the first and second years, but osteopathic medical students had a higher mean empathy score (M=114.4) than their allopathic counterparts (M=110.9) in the third year (t
158=2.31, P<.05), and their empathy scores remained high, although not statistically significant, in the fourth year of osteopathic medical school.

Conclusion: The decline in empathy that is often reported among allopathic medical students was not observed. The present study can serve as a step toward further longitudinal research on the development of empathy and attitudes toward teamwork among osteopathic medical students.
An Unexpectedly Progressed Lumbar Herniated Disk
Authors: Lipton James A. , McLeod Geoffrey A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The authors describe a case of a 26-year-old female military veteran who presented with low back pain that she attributed to a recent foot injury. The patient reported a history of lumbar pain while in the military that had been treated successfully with high-velocity, low-amplitude osteopathic manipulative treatment. The patient's current pain was improved with osteopathic manipulative treatment and gait correction. Several weeks after her initial presentation, the patient reported that she had had a herniated disk diagnosed 2 years earlier by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Updated magnetic resonance imaging was performed, the results of which revealed a large herniated disk that had caused severe stenosis. The patient was immediately referred to a neurosurgeon for consultation and subsequently underwent surgical treatment.
Focused Physician‐Performed Echocardiography in Sports Medicine
Authors: Yim Eugene S. , Kao Daniel , Gillis Edward F. , Basilico Frederick C. , Corrado Gianmichael D. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether sports medicine physicians can obtain accurate measurements of the aortic root in young athletes.MethodsTwenty male collegiate athletes, aged 18 to 21 years, were prospectively enrolled. Focused echocardiography was performed by a board‐certified sports medicine physician and a medical student, followed by comprehensive echocardiography within 2 weeks by a cardiac sonographer. A left parasternal long‐axis view was acquired to measure the aortic root diameter at the sinuses of Valsalva. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess inter‐rater reliability compared to a reference standard and intra‐rater reliability of repeated measurements obtained by the sports medicine physician and medical student.ResultsThe ICCs between the sports medicine physician and cardiac sonographer and between the medical student and cardiac sonographer were strong: 0.80 and 0.76, respectively. Across all 3 readers, the ICC was 0.89, indicating strong inter‐rater reliability and concordance. The ICC for the 2 measurements taken by the sports medicine physician for each athlete was 0.75, indicating strong intra‐rater reliability. The medical student had moderate intra‐rater reliability, with an ICC of 0.59.ConclusionsSports medicine physicians are able to obtain measurements of the aortic root by focused echocardiography that are consistent with those obtained by a cardiac sonographer. Focused physician‐performed echocardiography may serve as a promising technique for detecting aortic root dilatation and may contribute in this manner to preparticipation cardiovascular screening for athletes.
Comparison of Fetal Cardiac Spatiotemporal Image Correlation Segmental Analysis Between Cardiac‐ and Body‐Based Scrolling
Authors: Jatavan Thanate , Tongsong Theera 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare success rates for depiction of the 5 typical transverse planes in the fetal upper thorax between cardiac‐ and body‐based scrolling techniques.MethodsSpatiotemporal image correlation volume data sets acquired at the 4‐chamber view level were obtained from low‐risk singleton pregnancies with healthy fetuses. Each data set was analyzed by the authors using both cardiac‐ and body‐based techniques. With the cardiac‐based technique, the exact 4‐chamber view was first identified as an initial plane before scrolling, whereas with the body‐based technique, a volume data set was first manipulated to get the fetal orientation in the exact dorsal supine position as an initial plane. In both techniques, the volumes were then scrolled through the upper thorax to identify the standard planes, including the 4‐chamber, 5‐chamber, 3‐vessel, 3‐vessel and trachea, and aortic arch views.ResultsAn analysis of 50 volume data sets to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver variability in the success rates for the 4‐chamber, 5‐chamber, 3‐vessel, 3‐vessel and trachea, and aortic arch views showed good agreement. In an analysis of 296 separate data sets, cardiac‐based scrolling was associated with significantly higher success rates than body‐based scrolling in all standard planes (P < .05).ConclusionsCardiac‐based scrolling resulted in higher success rates for obtaining the standard spatiotemporal image correlation planes than body‐based scrolling. Therefore, examiners in the early part of the learning curve should be encouraged to first identify a perfect 4‐chamber view at the start of an examination.
Absent Fetal Nasal Bone
Authors: Dukhovny Stephanie , Wilkins-Haug Louise , Shipp Thomas D. , Benson Carol B. , Kaimal Anjali J. , Reiss Rosemary 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesOur purpose was to review the outcomes of singleton pregnancies in which an absent nasal bone was noted on first‐ or second‐trimester sonography and aneuploidy was not present.MethodsWe identified singleton pregnancies from 2005 to 2011 in which an absent nasal bone was noted on sonography, aneuploidy was excluded, and newborn examinations were available for review. Sonographic reports were reviewed for anomalies, growth, and amniotic fluid volume. Newborn records were reviewed for physical examinations, complications, and radiologic or genetic tests.ResultsWe identified 142 fetuses with a sonographic appearance of an absent nasal bone. We excluded 52 cases with aneuploidy and 33 in which newborn examination information was unavailable. Fifty‐seven cases met inclusion criteria. For 3 euploid fetuses with an absent nasal bone on sonography, the presence of additional anomalies on second‐trimester sonography ultimately signaled an adverse outcome: the presence of multiple congenital anomalies, a microdeletion syndrome, and a specific genetic diagnosis.ConclusionsAll cases with adverse outcomes had additional prenatal sonographic findings. For the remainder, normal newborn examination findings provide some reassurance, especially in the setting of otherwise normal second‐trimester sonographic findings. A microarray as a test for microdeletion and duplication syndromes in this situation could be considered.
Case management reduces drinking during pregnancy among high-risk women
Authors: May Philip A. , Marais Anna-Susan , Gossage J. Phillip , Barnard Ronel , Joubert Belinda , Cloete Marise , Hendricks Natalie , Roux Sumien , Blom Annalien , Steenekamp Jeanetta , Alexander Theresa , Andreas Romena , Human Suzanne , Snell Cudore , Seedat Soraya , Parry Charles D. , Kalberg Wendy O. , Buckley David , Blankenship Jason 
Published: November 2013

May, P., Marais, A., Gossage, J., Barnard, R., Joubert, B., Cloete, M., Hendricks, N., Roux, S., Blom, A., Steenekamp, J., Alexander, T., Andreas, R., Human, S., Snell, C., Seedat, S., Parry, C., Kalberg, W., Buckley, D., & Blankenship, J. (2013). Case management reduces drinking during pregnancy among high-risk women. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 2(3), 61-70. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.79 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.79)Aim: To estimate the efficacy of Case Management (CM) for women at high risk for bearing a child with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).Design: Women were recruited from antenatal clinics and engaged in 18 months of CM.Setting: A South African community with a subculture of heavy, regular, weekend, recreational drinking and with high documented rates of FASD. Participants: Forty-one women who were at high risk for bearing a child with FASD.Measures: Statistical analysis of trends in drinking and other risk factors.Findings: At intake, 87.8% of the women were pregnant, most had previous alcohol-exposed pregnancies, 67.5% reported that most or all of their friends drank alcohol, and 50.0% had stressful lives. CM was particularly valuable for pregnant women, as statistically significant reductions in alcohol risk were obtained for them in multiple variables: total drinks on weekends after six months of CM (p = .026) and estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at six (p < .001) and 18 months (p < .001). For participants completing 18 months of CM, AUDIT scores improved significantly by 6-month follow-up (from 19.8 to 9.7, p = .000), and although there were increases at 12 and 18 months, AUDIT scores indicate that problematic drinking remained statistically significantly lower than baseline throughout CM. Happiness scale scores correlated significantly with reduced drinking in most time periods.Conclusions: Making an enduring change in drinking behavior is difficult in this social setting. Nonetheless, CM provided by skilled and empathic case managers reduced maternal drinking at critical times, and, therefore, alcohol exposure levels to the fetus.
National‐scale estimates of forest root biomass carbon stocks and associated carbon fluxes in Canada
Authors: Smyth C. E. , Kurz W. A. , Neilson E. T. , Stinson G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCanada's forests play an important role in the global carbon cycle through carbon (C) storage and C exchange with the atmosphere. While estimates of aboveground biomass have been improving, little is known about belowground C storage in root biomass. Here we estimated the contribution of roots to the C budget of Canada's 2.3 × 106 km2 managed forests from 1990 to 2008 using the empirical modeling approach of the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM‐CFS3) driven by detailed forestry data sets from the National Forest C Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System. The estimated average net primary production (NPP) during this period was 809 Tg C yr−1 (352 g C m2 yr−1) with root growth and replacement of turnover contributing 39.8 % of NPP. Average heterotrophic respiration (Rh) was 738 Tg C yr−1 (321 g C m−2 yr−1), which resulted in a net ecosystem production (NEP) value of 31 g C m−2 yr−1(71 Tg C yr−1), and on average only 8.7% of NPP remained in the system as NEP. Estimated average root C stocks were 2.38 Pg (1235 g C m−2), mostly in coarse roots (≥ 5 mm diameter), and had an average root to shoot percentage (belowground to aboveground biomass) of 25.6%. Detailed monitoring of C exchange between forests and the atmosphere and an improved understanding of the belowground processes and their response to environmental changes are needed to improve our understanding of the terrestrial C budget.
Major effusive eruptions and recent lava fountains: Balance between expected and erupted magma volumes at Etna volcano
Authors: Bonaccorso A. , Calvari S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOver the last four decades Etna has shown a high output rate through numerous eruptions. The volcano has displayed two eruptive behaviors. The first is characterized by effusive eruptions that efficiently drained the storage system and emitted large volumes of magma; the second behavior is related to lava fountains, erupting small magma batches, which are normally with high frequency and have been considered as precursors of major effusive eruptions. In this paper, we present an updated estimation of emitted volumes from Etna eruptions, which include the 38 lava fountain episodes that occurred from January 2011 to April 2013. These recent explosive episodes have been frequent, discharging significant magma volumes. Observing the steady trend of magma output over time, we present insights on expected erupted volumes. We highlight that the January 2011 to April 2013 lava fountains efficiently drained the intermediate‐shallow storage system and favored a balance between the incoming and outgoing magma.
Comparison of aerosol optical depth between CALIOP and MODIS‐Aqua for CALIOP aerosol subtypes over the ocean
Authors: Kim Man‐Hae , Kim Sang‐Woo , Yoon Soon‐Chang , Omar Ali H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been compared with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)‐Aqua AOD using Level 2 products of both instruments. Such comparisons have been performed for five different aerosol subtypes classified by CALIOP algorithm, namely clean marine, dust, polluted dust, polluted continental, and biomass burning, over the ocean from June 2006 to December 2010. MODIS AOD at 550 nm (0.111 ± 0.079) for the collocated data pairs is about 63% higher than CALIOP AOD at 532 nm (0.068 ± 0.073). For clean marine, MODIS AOD (0.110 ± 0.064) is almost twice the CALIOP AOD (0.056 ± 0.038), and the difference between the AOD values has a strong latitude dependence likely related to the surface wind speed over the ocean. The difference in AOD for dust (13%) is observed to be the lowest among the five aerosol types under consideration, but it shows a slight regional variation. The discrepancy of AOD for dust also shows strong dependency on the layer mean of the particulate depolarization ratio. CALIOP AOD is higher than MODIS AOD for both polluted dust and polluted continental by 15% and 29%, respectively, for most of the ocean. One of the possible reasons for the difference is the misclassification of clean marine (or marine + dust) as polluted dust and polluted continental in the CALIOP algorithm. For biomass burning, uncertainty in the layer base altitude is thought to be one of the main reasons for the lower value of CALIOP AOD.
Physical mechanisms controlling self‐aggregation of convection in idealized numerical modeling simulations
Authors: Wing Allison A. , Emanuel Kerry A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe elucidate the physics of self‐aggregation by applying a new diagnostic technique to the output of a cloud resolving model. Specifically, the System for Atmospheric Modeling is used to perform 3‐ D cloud system resolving simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium in a nonrotating framework, with interactive radiation and surface fluxes and fixed sea surface temperature (SST). We note that self‐aggregation begins as a dry patch that expands, eventually forcing all the convection into a single clump. Thus, when examining the initiation of self‐aggregation, we focus on processes that can amplify this initial dry patch. We introduce a novel method to quantify the magnitudes of the various feedbacks that control self‐aggregation within the framework of the budget for the spatial variance of column‐integrated frozen moist static energy. The absorption of shortwave radiation by atmospheric water vapor is found to be a key positive feedback in the evolution of aggregation. In addition, we find a positive wind speed‐surface flux feedback whose role is to counteract a negative feedback due to the effect of air‐sea enthalpy disequilibrium on surface fluxes. The longwave radiation feedback can be either positive or negative in the early and intermediate stages of aggregation; however, it is the dominant positive feedback that maintains the aggregated state once it develops. Importantly, the mechanisms that maintain the aggregate state are distinct from those that instigate the evolution of self‐aggregation.
Active fault‐tolerant control system design with trajectory re‐planning against actuator faults and saturation: Application to a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Chamseddine A. , Theilliol D. , Zhang Y.M. , Join C. , Rabbath C.A. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYDuring the past 30 years, various fault‐tolerant control (FTC) methods have been developed to address actuator or component faults for various systems with or without tracking control objectives. However, very few FTC strategies establish a relation between the post‐fault reference trajectory to track and the remaining resources in the system after fault occurrence. This is an open problem that is not well considered in the literature. The main contribution of this paper is in the design of a reconfigurable FTC and trajectory planning scheme with emphasis on online decision making using differential flatness. In the fault‐free case and on the basis of the available actuator resources, the reference trajectories are synthesized so as to drive the system as fast as possible to its desired setpoint without violating system constraints. In the fault case, the proposed active FTC system (AFTCS) consists in synthesizing a reconfigurable feedback control along with a modified reference trajectories once an actuator fault has been diagnosed by a fault detection and diagnosis scheme, which uses a parameter‐estimation‐based unscented Kalman filter. Benefited with the integration of trajectory re‐planning using the flatness concept and the compensation‐based reconfigurable controller, both faults and saturation in actuators can be handled effectively with the proposed AFTCS design. Advantages and limitations of the proposed AFTCS are illustrated using an experimental quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle testbed.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A globally convergent method for finding all steady‐state solutions of distillation columns
Authors: Baharev Ali , Neumaier Arnold 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceA globally convergent method is proposed that either returns all solutions to steady‐state models of distillation columns or proves their infeasibility. Initial estimates are not required. The method requires a specific but fairly general block‐sparsity pattern; in return, the computational efforts grow linearly with the number of stages in the column. The well‐known stage‐by‐stage (and the sequential modular) approach also reduces the task of solving high‐dimensional steady‐state models to that of solving a sequence of low‐dimensional ones. Unfortunately, these low‐dimensional systems are extremely sensitive to the initial estimates, so that solving them can be notoriously difficult or even impossible. The proposed algorithm overcomes these numerical difficulties by a new reparameterization technique. The successful solution of a numerically challenging reactive distillation column with seven steady‐states shows the robustness of the method. No published software known to the authors could compute all solutions to this difficult model without expert tuning. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 410–414, 2014
Pesticide exposures to migrant farmworkers in eastern NC: Detection of metabolites in farmworker urine associated with housing violations and camp characteristics
Authors: Raymer J.H. , Studabaker W.B. , Gardner M. , Talton J. , Quandt S.A. , Chen H. , Michael L.C. , McCombs M. , Arcury T.A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate descriptively bivariate associations between urinary metabolites of pesticides and herbicides and migrant camp conditions, violations, and personal worker behaviors at home for farmworkers who do not apply pesticides.MethodsWe studied 183 migrant farmworker camps in eastern North Carolina in 2010. Data and urine samples were collected from 371 men. Predictor measures included violations in six domains of housing regulations and nonviolation characteristics and personal behaviors that might impact urinary metabolites.ResultsCockroaches and bathroom violations were predictive of increased exposure to pyrethroids and cyfluthrin/chlorpyrifos, respectively. Changing and storing clothing and shoes in sleeping rooms increased the number of detects for the diazinon metabolite.ConclusionsFarmworkers had exposures to multiple chemicals. No single housing domain was identified as critical to mitigating housing‐related exposure; specific attention should be paid to changing and storing soiled clothing in sleeping rooms, and insect infestations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:323–337, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
WNT10A mutations account for ¼ of population‐based isolated oligodontia and show phenotypic correlations
Authors: Arzoo Pakeeza Shaiq , Klar Joakim , Bergendal Birgitta , Norderyd Johanna , Dahl Niklas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA large proportion (>50%) of patients with isolated oligodontia were recently reported with WNT10A mutations. We have analyzed a population‐based cohort of 102 individuals diagnosed with non‐syndromic oligodontia and a mean of 8.2 missing teeth. The cohort included 94 families and screening of WNT10A identified that 26 probands (27.7%) had at least one WNT10A variant. When we included the MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD genes, 38.3% of probands were positive for a mutation. Biallelic WNT10A mutations were strongly associated with a larger number of missing teeth (11.09) when compared to both monoallelic WNT10 mutations (6.82) and the group without mutations in WNT10A, MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, or EDARADD (7.77). Genotype–phenotype analysis of individuals with WNT10A mutations showed that premolars were the most common missing teeth. Furthermore, biallelic WNT10A mutations were associated with absence of maxillary and mandibular molars as well as mandibular central incisors. Maxillary central incisors were always present. Thus, our study indicates that WNT10A mutations are associated with both the type and numbers of missing teeth. Furthermore, we show that this population‐based cohort of isolated oligodontia had a considerably lower frequency of mutated WNT10A alleles and a lower mean number of missing teeth when compared to patients recruited from dental specialist centers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.