bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using topical imiquimod for the management of positive in situ margins after melanoma resection
Authors: Pandit Amrita S. , Geiger Erik J. , Ariyan Stephan , Narayan Deepak , Choi Jennifer Nam 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe treatment of melanoma in situ (MIS) is controversial with current standard of care being surgical excision with clear margins. Alternative topical therapy with imiquimod has been proposed in recent studies as a possible treatment for MIS. This study aimed to evaluate the use of topical 5% imiquimod as an alternative approach for the treatment of residual melanoma in situ after surgical resection of the primary lesion. A retrospective chart review of all patients treated with topical 5% imiquimod for residual MIS following standard resection with 5–10 mm margins at Yale‐New Haven Hospital from 2008 through 2013 was performed. The pre‐ and posttreatment results were confirmed by diagnostic tissue biopsy. Twenty‐two patients were included in the study. One of these 22 patients was lost to follow up. Twenty patients (95%) had complete resolution of their residual MIS and 1 patient did not respond to imiquimod (5%). No reports of recurrences were noted at the treatment sites. For patients with residual melanoma in situ after the initial excision, topical 5% imiquimod appears to be a reasonable alternative treatment with good clinical and histopathologic success rates.
Sonic hedgehog from pharyngeal arch 1 epithelium is necessary for early mandibular arch cell survival and later cartilage condensation differentiation
Authors: Billmyre Katherine Kretovich , Klingensmith John 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground: Morphogenesis of vertebrate craniofacial skeletal elements is dependent on a key cell population, the cranial neural crest cells (NCC). Cranial NCC are formed dorsally in the cranial neural tube and migrate ventrally to form craniofacial skeletal elements as well as other tissues. Multiple extracellular signaling pathways regulate the migration, survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NCC. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that Shh expression in the oral ectoderm and pharyngeal endoderm is essential for mandibular development. We show that a loss of Shh in these domains results in increased mesenchymal cell death in pharyngeal arch 1 (PA1) after NCC migration. This increased cell death can be rescued in utero by pharmacological inhibition of p53. Furthermore, we show that epithelial SHH is necessary for the early differentiation of mandibular cartilage condensations and, therefore, the subsequent development of Meckel's cartilage, around which the dentary bone forms. Nonetheless, a rescue of the cell death phenotype does not rescue the defect in cartilage condensation formation. Conclusions: Our results show that SHH produced by the PA1 epithelium is necessary for the survival of post‐migratory NCC, and suggests a key role in the subsequent differentiation of chondrocytes to form Meckel's cartilage. Developmental Dynamics 244:564–576, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological Awareness and Its Role in Compensation in Adults with Dyslexia
Authors: Law Jeremy M. , Wouters Jan , Ghesquière Pol 
Published: January 2015

This study examines the role of morphological awareness (MA) in literacy achievement and compensation in word reading of adults with dyslexia through an exploration of three questions: (1) Do adult dyslexics demonstrate a deficit in MA, and how is this potential deficit related to phonological awareness (PA)? (2) Does MA contribute independently to literacy skills equally in dyslexics and control readers? and (3) Do MA and PA skills differ in compensated and noncompensated dyslexics?A group of dyslexic and normal reading university students matched for age, education and IQ participated in this study. Group analysis demonstrated an MA deficit in dyslexics; as well, MA was found to significantly predict a greater proportion of word reading and spelling within the dyslexic group compared with the controls. Compensated dyslexics were also found to perform significantly better on the morphological task than noncompensated dyslexics. Additionally, no statistical difference was observed in MA between the normal reading controls and the compensated group (independent of PA and vocabulary).Results suggest that intact and strong MA skills contribute to the achieved compensation of this group of adults with dyslexia. Implications for MA based intervention strategies for people with dyslexia are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogenetic and morphological relationships between nonvolant small mammals reveal assembly processes at different spatial scales
Authors: Luza André Luís , Gonçalves Gislene Lopes , Hartz Sandra Maria 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe relative roles of historical processes, environmental filtering, and ecological interactions in the organization of species assemblages vary depending on the spatial scale. We evaluated the phylogenetic and morphological relationships between species and individuals (i.e., inter‐ and intraspecific variability) of Neotropical nonvolant small mammals coexisting in grassland‐forest ecotones, in landscapes and in regions, that is, three different scales. We used a phylogenetic tree to infer evolutionary relationships, and morphological traits as indicators of performance and niche similarities between species and individuals. Subsequently, we applied phylogenetic and morphologic indexes of diversity and distance between species to evaluate small mammal assemblage structures on the three scales. The results indicated a repulsion pattern near forest edges, showing that phylogenetically similar species coexisted less often than expected by chance. The strategies for niche differentiation might explain the phylogenetic repulsion observed at the edge. Phylogenetic and morphological clustering in the grassland and at the forest interior indicated the coexistence of closely related and ecologically similar species and individuals. Coexistence patterns were similar whether species‐trait values or individual values were used. At the landscape and regional scales, assemblages showed a predominant pattern of phylogenetic and morphological clustering. Environmental filters influenced the coexistence patterns at three scales, showing the importance of phylogenetically conserved ecological tolerances in enabling taxa co‐occurrence. Evidence of phylogenetic repulsion in one region indicated that other processes beyond environmental filtering are important for community assembly at broad scales. Finally, ecological interactions and environmental filtering seemed important at the local scale, while environmental filtering and historical colonization seemed important for community assembly at broader scales.
Thymocyte‐derived BDNF influences T‐cell maturation at the DN3/DN4 transition stage
Authors: Linker Ralf A. , Lee De‐Hyung , Flach Anne‐Christine , Litke Tanja , van den Brandt Jens , Reichardt Holger M. , Lingner Thomas , Bommhardt Ursula , Sendtner Michael , Gold Ralf , Flügel Alexander , Lühder Fred 
Published: January 2015

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuronal survival, regeneration, and plasticity. Emerging evidence also indicates an essential role for BDNF outside the nervous system, for instance in immune cells. We therefore investigated the impact of BDNF on T cells using BDNF knockout (KO) mice and conditional KO mice lacking BDNF specifically in this lymphoid subset. In both settings, we observed diminished T‐cell cellularity in peripheral lymphoid organs and an increase in CD4+CD44+ memory T cells. Analysis of thymocyte development revealed diminished total thymocyte numbers, accompanied by a significant increase in CD4/CD8 double‐negative (DN) thymocytes due to a partial block in the transition from the DN3 to the DN4 stage. This was neither due to increased thymocyte apoptosis nor defects in the expression of the TCR‐β chain or the pre‐TCR. In contrast, pERK but not pAKT levels were diminished in DN3 BDNF‐deficient thymocytes. BDNF deficiency in T cells did not result in gross deficits in peripheral acute immune responses nor in changes of the homeostatic proliferation of peripheral T cells. Taken together, our data reveal a critical autocrine and/or paracrine role of T‐cell‐derived BDNF in thymocyte maturation involving ERK‐mediated TCR signaling pathways.
Copper‐Catalysed Alkylarylation of Activated Alkenes Using AIBN and Beyond: An Access to Cyano‐Containing Oxindoles
Authors: Zhou Dong , Li Zi‐Hao , Li Jie , Li Shu‐Hua , Wang Ming‐Wei , Luo Xiao‐Ling , Ding Guo‐Liang , Sheng Rui‐Long , Fu Mei‐Jun , Tang Shi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA practical copper‐catalysed oxidative radical alkylarylation of activated alkenes using AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) and related reagents has been developed. This has allowed the general incorporation of nitrile moieties into oxindoles by a cascade addition/C(sp2)–H cyclization process. This protocol demonstrates for the first time that DIAD (diisopropyl azodicarboxylate) can act as a new activator for the C(sp3)–H functionalization of acetonitrile instead of the usual Ag salts. The use of an inexpensive copper salt as the catalyst, the general access to primary and tertiary nitriles, as well as the air‐ and moisture‐tolerant reaction conditions make this protocol a highly attractive approach to cyano‐containing oxindoles.
When does it hurt? Intergroup permeability moderates the link between discrimination and self‐esteem
Authors: Bourguignon David , Yzerbyt Vincent Y. , Teixeira Catia P. , Herman Ginette 
Published: January 2015

AbstractResearch shows that personal discrimination and group discrimination have distinct effects on personal self‐esteem. Specifically, whereas personal discrimination negatively impacts self‐esteem, group discrimination increases it. We suggest that this pattern is dependent on the socio‐structural context in which individuals experience discrimination. To test this hypothesis, we manipulate intergroup permeability and examine its impact on the link between personal/group discrimination and personal self‐esteem. Results show that a control condition replicates previous research, that is, a positive association between group discrimination and self‐esteem and a negative association for personal discrimination. The positive association of group discrimination disappeared in a permeable context and reversed when the context was presented as impermeable. Moreover, the deleterious effect of personal discrimination on self‐esteem vanished in impermeable contexts. Results are discussed in light of the literature on stigmatization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An agent‐based simulation of a release process for encapsulated flavour using the NetLogo platform
Authors: Zandi M. , Mohebbi M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this study we developed an agent‐based model that simulates the release process of encapsulated flavour in different situations. Our model was built in the NetLogo platform, which is a multi‐agent programming language and modelling environment with a good documentation, user‐friendly environment and visualization abilities. The main aim of the work presented is to provide a model that will easily predict the release of encapsulated flavour. In this work we use the model developed to evaluate the flavour‐release properties (such as release time and rate) dependent upon input parameters. Release data of the encapsulated diacetyl (2,3‐butanedione) from alginate–whey‐protein concentrate microcapsules were then used for model validation. Results show that this model can simulate the release‐flavour process well, and there is a good correlation between experimental and model release data. Results also suggested that the flavour‐release process can easily be predicted using this agent‐based model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitation input and antecedent soil moisture effects on mercury mobility in soil—laboratory experiments with an enriched stable isotope tracer
Authors: Haynes Kristine M. , Mitchell Carl P. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTerrestrial soils are net mercury (Hg) sinks, but leaching of Hg from upland environments constitutes an important source to downstream wetlands and water bodies. Broadly, hydrology is instrumental in facilitating Hg transport within, and export from watersheds but the relative influences of specific hydrological factors such as antecedent soil moisture and precipitation in controlling the transport of Hg through upland soils are not well understood. The purpose of this research was to elucidate the relative controls of these hydrological factors using a full factorial laboratory experiment involving the application of an enriched stable Hg isotope tracer to intact soil cores. Antecedent soil moisture and precipitation input depth were statistically significant, mutually exclusive controls on tracer Hg mobility. Neither factor however had a strongly significant influence on the mobility of ambient Hg. Tracer Hg mobility was enhanced with larger precipitation events as well as from initially drier soils and appeared to move via simple piston flow. The majority (>99.5%) of added tracer Hg was sorbed to soil organic matter in the surface 3 cm, regardless of the hydrological treatment combinations. Overall, these results suggest that tracer and ambient Hg are differentially controlled by hydrological conditions. Changes in hydrology may have little impact on ambient Hg mobilization in sandy loam soils. If tracer Hg is broadly representative of contemporary soil Hg stocks, extreme precipitation events among otherwise drier conditions could enhance the export of contemporary Hg from upland systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polydopamine assisted preparation of Ti4+‐decorated magnetic particles for selective and rapid adsorption of phosphorylated proteins
Authors: Ma Xiangdong , Jia Li 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphorylated proteins have attracted widespread attention due to their crucial roles in regulating biological processes. Therefore, development of effective methods for identification and detection of phosphorylated proteins is an indispensable step to understand the roles of protein phosphorylation. The aim of this work is to prepare Ti4+‐decorated polydopamine‐grafted hybrid magnetic particles (Ti4+‐PDA@Fe3O4) for highly efficient and selective separation of phosphorylated proteins.RESULTSTi4+‐PDA@Fe3O4 particles were synthesized and characterized. A wealth of hydroxyl groups in PDA enhanced the binding capacity of PDA@Fe3O4 for titanium ions. The selectivity of the particles for phosphorylated proteins relies on the affinity of phosphate groups in phosphorylated proteins to titanium ions on the surface of Ti4+‐PDA@Fe3O4. The adsorption capacity of Ti4+‐PDA@Fe3O4 for β‐casein was 1273.9 mg g‐1. The adsorption conditions and selectivity of Ti4+‐PDA@Fe3O4 for phosphorylated proteins were studied. The feasibility of Ti4+‐PDA@Fe3O4 for separation of phosphorylated proteins from milk was also investigated.CONCLUSIONSTi4+‐PDA@Fe3O4 demonstrated highly effective and selective adsorption property for phosphorylated proteins based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography mechanism. The successful isolation of phosphorylated proteins from milk by Ti4+‐PDA@Fe3O4 demonstrated that the particles will have promising application prospect in selective separation of phosphorylated proteins. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Revision concepts and distinctive points of the new Japanese classification for biliary tract cancers in comparison with the 7th edition of the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system
Authors: Ohtsuka Masayuki , Miyakawa Shuichi , Nagino Masato , Takada Tadahiro , Miyazaki Masaru 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe 3rd English edition of the Japanese classification of the biliary tract cancers (JC) is now available in this journal. The primary aim of this revision is to provide all clinicians and researchers with a common language of cancer staging at an international level. On the other hand, there are several important issues that should be solved for the optimization of the staging system.MethodsRevision concepts and major revision points of the 3rd English edition of the JC were reviewed. Furthermore, comparing with the 7th edition of staging system developed by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), distinctive points in the JC was discussed.ResultsIn this edition of the JC, the same stage groupings as those in the UICC/AJCC staging system were basically adopted. T, N, and M categories were also identical in principle with those in the UICC/AJCC staging system, although slight modifications were proposed as the “Japanese rules”. As distinctive points, perihilar cholangiocarcinomas and ampullary region carcinomas were clearly defined. Intraepithelial tumor was discriminated from invasive carcinoma at ductal resection margins. Classifications of site‐specific surgical margin status remained in this edition. Histological classification was based on that in the former editions of the JC, but adopted some parts of the World Health Organization classification.ConclusionsThe JC now share its staging system of the biliary tact carcinomas with the UICC/AJCC staging system. Future validation of the “Japanese rules” could provide important evidence to make globally standardized staging system. © Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery
Serving one another: Are shared and self‐leadership the keys to service sustainability?
Authors: Manz Charles C. , Skaggs Bruce C. , Pearce Craig L. , Wassenaar Christina L. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryService has received increasing attention in the management literature, yet sustainability of service is often overlooked. In this Incubator we examine the potential for client involvement through shared and self‐leadership to foster empathy enhanced service and reduced costs, both of which may support a more sustainable service delivery process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turning molehills into mountains: Sleepiness increases workplace interpretive bias
Authors: Barber Larissa K. , Budnick Christopher J. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThree studies draw from evolutionary theory to assess whether sleepiness increases interpretive biases in workplace social judgments. Study 1 established a relationship between sleepiness and interpretive bias using ambiguous interpersonal scenarios from a measure commonly used in personnel selection (N = 148). Study 2 explored the boundary conditions of the sleepiness–interpretive bias link via an experimental online field survey of U.S. adults (N = 433). Sleepiness increased interpretive bias when social threats were clearly present (unfair workplace) but did not affect bias in the absence of threat (fair workplace). Study 3 replicated and extended findings from the previous two studies using objective measures of sleep loss and a quasi‐experimental manipulation of minor sleep loss (N = 175). Negative affect, ego depletion, or personality variables did not influence the observed relationships. Overall, results suggest that a self‐protection/evolutionary perspective best explains the effects of sleepiness on workplace interpretive biases. These studies advance the current research on sleep in organizations by adding a cognitive “threat interpretation” bias approach to past work examining the emotional reaction/behavioral side of sleep disruption. Interpretive biases due to sleepiness may have significant implications for employee health and counterproductive behavior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spirituality Factors in the Prediction of Outcomes of PTSD Treatment for U.S. Military Veterans
Authors: Currier Joseph M. , Holland Jason M. , Drescher Kent D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSpirituality is a multifaceted construct that might affect veterans’ recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adaptive and maladaptive ways. Using a cross‐lagged panel design, this study examined longitudinal associations between spirituality and PTSD symptom severity among 532 U.S. veterans in a residential treatment program for combat‐related PTSD. Results indicated that spirituality factors at the start of treatment were uniquely predictive of PTSD symptom severity at discharge, when accounting for combat exposure and both synchronous and autoregressive associations between the study variables, βs = .10 to .16. Specifically, veterans who scored higher on adaptive dimensions of spirituality (daily spiritual experiences, forgiveness, spiritual practices, positive religious coping, and organizational religiousness) at intake fared significantly better in this program. In addition, possible spiritual struggles (operationalized as negative religious coping) at baseline were predictive of poorer PTSD outcomes, β = .11. In contrast to these results, PTSD symptomatology at baseline did not predict any of the spirituality variables at posttreatment. In keeping with a spiritually integrative approach to treating combat‐related PTSD, these results suggest that understanding the possible spiritual context of veterans’ trauma‐related concerns might add prognostic value and equip clinicians to alleviate PTSD symptomatology among those veterans who possess spiritual resources or are somehow struggling in this domain.
Accuracy of an Intimate Partner Violence Screening Tool for Female VHA Patients: A Replication and Extension
Authors: Iverson Katherine M. , King Matthew W. , Gerber Megan R. , Resick Patricia A. , Kimerling Rachel , Street Amy E. , Vogt Dawne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe 4‐item Hurt/Insult/Threaten/Scream (HITS) tool accurately detects past‐year intimate partner violence (IPV) among female Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients; however, it lacks a sexual IPV item. This study evaluated the accuracy of an extended HITS (E‐HITS), which adds a sexual IPV item, in female VHA patients. A sample of 80 female U.S. veteran VHA patients in New England completed a mail survey (50.0% response rate) that included the 5‐item E‐HITS and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS‐2). Women were included if they were in an intimate relationship in the past year. The women averaged 49 years of age and 86.0% of the sample was White. Accuracy of the 4‐item HITS was compared to the 5‐item E‐HITS, using the CTS‐2 as the reference. There were 20 women (25.0%) who reported past‐year IPV on the CTS‐2. The receiver operator characteristic curves demonstrated that the HITS and E‐HITS performed nearly identically at their optimal cutoff scores of 6 and 7, respectively. At these cutoff scores, the sensitivity of both tools was .75, 95% CI [.55, .95]. The specificities were similar; .83 for the HITS, 95% CI [.73, .92], and .82 for the E‐HITS, 95% CI [.72, .90]. Including a sexual IPV item may be clinically beneficial; it also attains the same accuracy of case identification as the HITS.