bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Babul (Acacia nilotica)
Authors: Kumari Mamta , Jain Shashi , Dave Rashmi 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The prevalence of diabetes has increased manifold and now become a public health problem from being mild disorder. There is a need to discover more effective and safer antidiabetic agents by utilizing the rich heritage of medicinal plants. Tannins are polyphenols that are obtained from various parts of different plants belonging to multiple species and considered as potential drugs for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study was conducted in three phases: incorporation of Babul powder in biscuits: assessment of Glycemic Index (GI): suitability of Babul powder on diabetic subjects statistical analysis: area under curve (AUC) for increase in blood glucose was calculated by trapezoidal rule and means were tested for significance by paired t-test. Mean glucose levels of all subjects were calculated for each time point. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Findings
– Tannins are polyphenols that are obtained from various parts of different plants belonging to multiple species. As an indigenous plant of Rajasthan, Babul contains high amount of tannin levels ranging from 18 to 27 percent in deseeded pods from ssp. indica, whereas ssp. nilotica reached up to 50 percent. Hence, Babul was selected as the source of tannin and subjected to diabetics for its suitability. The study concluded that Babul powder is effective in management of blood glucose levels even the simple sugars also and can be considered as suitable for diabetics. The active component for the purpose may be the presence of tannin in the Babul.

Research limitations/implications
– The study was conducted on limited number of subjects. A confirmation study is suggested on the diabetic population.

Originality/value
– The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate. Over few decades, the status of diabetes has changed from being considered as a mild disorder of the elderly to one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality affecting the youth and middle-aged people. Therefore, the present study focused on the development of tannin-based nutraceutical for incorporation in common foods and its health-promoting effect on diabetes.
Maintaining healthy eating behaviour: experiences and perceptions of young adults
Authors: Allom Vanessa , Mullan Barbara 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, particularly in young adults who recently have been shown to experience more weight gain than other demographics. Research has focused on factors leading to this weight gain, implicating the abundance of unhealthy foods in the direct environment, yet limited research has examined why some individuals are able to successfully regulate their eating behaviour in this “food-rich environment”. The aim of this research was to explore the perceptions and experiences of successful healthy eaters in order to determine factors that distinguish this group from unhealthy eaters.

Design/methodology/approach
– Thirty-five healthy weight young adults, who considered themselves to be healthy eaters, participated in seven semi-structured focus groups. Key questions examined how these individuals regulated their eating behaviour and their perceptions regarding such self-control processes.

Findings
– Thematic analysis revealed that individuals who are successful at maintaining healthy eating behaviour perceive the same barriers as non-successful individuals, yet are able to employ self-control techniques to overcome these barriers. Additionally, continually exerting self-control appeared to facilitate the formation of healthy eating habits.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research may benefit from attempting to modify self-control ability and develop healthy habits.

Originality/value
– While factors leading to obesity and the cognitions of those who are overweight have been extensively examined, limited research has focused on those who are able to regulate their eating behaviour. Additionally, limited qualitative research has examined implicit theories of self-control in an eating context.
Standardising assessment instruments and care planning in Ireland
Authors: Van Lente Eric , Power Martin 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Scoping of instruments in use for assessment of needs and the practices that surround care planning in residential care for older people in Ireland, in the wake of the introduction of national standards. The paper discusses these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey of care providers using an online/postal questionnaire, developed from the domains of need outlined in the standards.

Findings
– There is wide variation in the use of standardised instruments for assessment. Within some domains, standardised instruments enjoy near universal usage. However, within other domains, standardised instruments are often absent, external professional input and/or guidelines dominate and/or instruments have been adapted in-house. Practices surrounding care planning are largely homogeneous and the preserve of medical professionals.

Research limitations/implications
– This research was confined to the Republic of Ireland, limiting generalisation. The self-selecting nature of participants must also be considered. Further research could include, examining how, over time, the standards are shaping care practice, particularly in relation to interdisciplinary working and person-centred care.

Practical implications
– The non-prescriptive nature of the standards presents a challenge to care providers in selecting appropriate standardised instruments for assessment. In addition, medical dominance of care planning limits the extent to which care plans can enhance the provision of interdisciplinary and person-centred care.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to a growing literature on standardisation of assessment and care planning, provides a reference point for comparison with other nations and, in an Irish context, addresses an area that has received little attention to-date. As such, it is of interest to practitioners, care providers and regulators.
Co-production within health and social care – the implications for Wales?
Authors: Phillips Andy , Morgan Gareth 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– It is well recognised that individuals have much to contribute to the care that they receive, with attendant benefits on outcomes and reduction in cost. The recognition of individuals who access care services as interdependent citizens embedded in both formal and informal support networks is a shift that acknowledges their active role as partners in management of their own care and in service innovation and development. The purpose of this paper is therefore to explore and illustrate some of the domains of co-production.Design/methodology/approach– In this paper, the authors review the literature, both peer-reviewed and professional, in order to provide a broad and contemporary commentary on this emergent approach. This literature is critically summarised and presented along with a narrative that discusses the context in Wales, where the authors are based. The approach to this paper is to bring together existing knowledge and also propose potential avenues for further research and practise development.Findings– There is a diverse literature on this topic and the application of co-production appears potentially transformational within health and social care. Implementation of the principles of co-production has the potential to improve health and social care services in a range of settings. Real changes in outcomes and experience and reduction in societal cost can be achieved by making the people of Wales active partners in the design and delivery of their own health and social care.Originality/value– This review offers a readily accessible commentary on co-production, which may be of value to a wide range of professional groups and policy makers. This paper also reflects an original attempt to summarise knowledge and propose further areas for work. Most importantly, this paper offers a start point for co-production to become a reality for service provision with all the attendant benefits that will arise from this development.
“What made you choose blue?” On becoming more “awkward”
Authors: Iphofen Ron 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to offer insights into the personal experience of dealing with the progressive dementia of a close family member.

Design/methodology/approach
– Selected journal/diary entries over a ten-year period. Edited and anonymised.

Findings
– Even informed professionals with knowledge into the health and care system can struggle with the challenges of the progressive dementia of a loved one and managing the system.

Research limitations/implications
– One shot case study influenced by the moral and emotional proximity.

Practical implications
– Case studies can offer a range of diverse, if not unique, examples of the specific needs and problems faced by families that carers should take note of.

Originality/value
– All case studies are unique. But narrative accounts, even if episodic, can bring home-specific illustrations of good, best and problematic practices.
Long‐term fire history in northern Quebec: implications for the northern limit of commercial forests
Authors: Oris France , Asselin Hugo , Finsinger Walter , Hély Christelle , Blarquez Olivier , Ferland Marie‐Eve , Bergeron Yves , Ali Adam A. 
Published: February 2014

Summary

Fire frequency is expected to increase in boreal forests over the next century owing to climate change. In Quebec (Canada), the location of the northern limit of commercial forests (c. 51 °N) was established in 2000 taking into account mainly forest productivity and fire risk. The location of the limit is currently under debate and is being re‐evaluated based on a more extensive survey of the territory. We characterized the natural variability of fire occurrence (FO) in the area surrounding the northern limit, and these results are a useful contribution to discussions on the re‐evaluation of its location.

Regional FO over the last 7000 years was reconstructed from sedimentary charcoal records from 11 lakes located in three regions surrounding the northern limit (i.e. south, north and near the limit). Holocene simulated precipitation and temperature from a general circulation model (GCM) were used to identify the long‐term interactions between climate and fire.

Fire histories displayed similar trends in all three regions, with FO increasing from 7000 calibrated years before present (cal. years BP) to reach a maximum at 4000–3000 cal. years BP, before decreasing during the late‐Holocene. This trend matches the simulated changes in climate, characterized by drier and warmer conditions between 7000 and 3500 cal. years BP and cooler and moister conditions between 3500 and 0 cal. years BP.

Northern ecosystems displayed higher sensitivity to climate change. The natural variability of FO was narrower in the southern region compared with the limit and northern regions. An abrupt decrease in FO was recorded close to and north of the limit at 3000 cal. years BP, whereas the decrease was more gradual in the south.

Synthesis and applications. We reconstructed the natural variability in fire activity over the last 7000 years near the current location of the northern limit of commercial forests in Quebec. Fire occurrences were more sensitive to climate change near to and north of the limit of commercial forestry. In the context of predicted increase in fire activity, the lower resilience of northern forests advocates against a northern repositioning of the limit of commercial forests.
Microbial diversity and dynamics of a groundwater and a still bottled natural mineral water
Authors: França Luís , Lopéz‐Lopéz Arantxa , Rosselló‐Móra Ramon , da Costa Milton S. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe microbial abundance and diversity at source, after bottling and through 6 months of storage of a commercial still natural mineral water were assessed by culture‐dependent and culture‐independent methods. The results revealed clear shifts of the dominant communities present in the three different stages. The borehole waters displayed low cell densities that increased 1.5‐fold upon bottling and storage, reaching a maximum (6.2 × 108 cells l−1) within 15 days after bottling, but experienced a significant decrease in diversity. In all cases, communities were largely dominated by Bacteria. The culturable heterotrophic community was characterized by recovering 3626 isolates, which were primarily affiliated with the Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. This study indicates that bottling and storage induce quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbial assemblages that seem to be similar as revealed by the two sample batches collected on 2 consecutive years. To our knowledge, this is the first study combining culture‐independent with culture‐dependent methods, and repeated tests to reveal the microbial dynamics occurring from source to stored bottled water.
A tricistronic heat shock operon is important for stress tolerance of Pseudomonas putida and conserved in many environmental bacteria
Authors: Krajewski Stefanie S. , Joswig Matthias , Nagel Miriam , Narberhaus Franz 
Published: February 2014

SummarySmall heat shock proteins (sHsps) including the well‐studied IbpA protein from Escherichia coli are molecular chaperones that bind to non‐native proteins and prevent them from aggregation. We discovered an entirely unexplored tricistronic small heat shock gene cluster in Pseudomonas putida. The genes pp3314, pp3313 and pp3312 (renamed to hspX, hspY and hspZ respectively) are transcribed in a single transcript. In addition to σ32‐dependent transcriptional control, translation of the first and second gene of the operon is controlled by RNA thermometers with novel architectures. Biochemical analysis of HspY, HspZ and P. putida IbpA demonstrated that they assemble into homo‐oligomers of different sizes whose quaternary structures alter in a temperature‐dependent manner. IbpA and HspY are able to prevent the model substrate citrate synthase from thermal aggregation in vitro. Increased stress sensitivity of a P. putida strain lacking HspX, HspY and HspZ revealed an important role of these sHsps in stress adaptation. The hspXYZ operon is conserved among metabolically related bacteria that live in hostile environments including polluted soils. This heat shock operon might act as a protective system to promote survival in such ecological niches.
Changes in Cash: Persistence and Pricing Implications
Authors: CHEN JEFF ZEYUN , SHANE PHILIP B. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper decomposes the cash component of earnings and analyzes persistence characteristics and pricing implications of various subcomponents, with particular attention to changes in cash. Changes in underlying fundamentals might dictate changes in cash to new optimal levels. Alternatively, suboptimal changes in cash might result from agency costs allowing managers’ actions to diverge from the best interests of shareholders. We predict and find that both suboptimal increases and decreases in cash bode poorly for future earnings. In fact, we find that suboptimal increases (decreases) in cash have less (greater) persistence than any of the earnings components we study, including accruals and net distributions to both shareholders and debt holders. Market efficiency tests indicate that the market severely punishes firms with suboptimal decreases in cash, but we find no evidence to support the hubris hypothesis that the market overreacts to the earnings implications of unwarranted increases in cash.
Effective conservation measures to mitigate the impact of human disturbances on the endangered Egyptian vulture
Authors: Zuberogoitia I. , Zabala J. , Martínez J. E. , González‐Oreja J. A. , López‐López P. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA consistent body of literature suggests that migratory species, ecological specialists and/or populations living on the borders of their distribution ranges are expected to be among the most seriously affected by alterations in environmental conditions. In this framework, we tested the combined effects of human disturbance and weather conditions on the breeding performance of a long‐lived endangered scavenger, the Egyptian vulture, in a study area (Biscay, northern Spain) located close to the edge of its worldwide range. Furthermore, we tested the effect of specific management strategies aimed at preventing the impact of human disturbance on the species' breeding output. Our results showed that the breeding success was negatively correlated with weather conditions, mainly rainfall and number of rainy days in June, that is the rearing period of small nestlings. Importantly, human disturbance was the main factor affecting Egyptian vultures' productivity. In fact, during the study period (2000–2012), we detected cases of high‐level disturbance in 59 nests (30.9%) within 17 of the 22 monitored territories, which only produced three fledglings overall. In 2010, we started the application of management actions for preventing human disturbance, first in a few control territories and later, in 2011 and 2012, across the whole study area. The measures were found to be successful, as the breeding success increased to levels similar to those previously detected in non‐disturbed nests. Our results showed that management strategies aimed at preventing human disturbance are of paramount importance in order to assure the conservation of this endangered species.
Sexual orientation and alcohol problem use among UK adolescents: an indirect link through depressed mood
Authors: Pesola Francesca , Shelton Katherine H. , van den Bree Marianne B. M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsSexual minority adolescents are more likely to engage in alcohol use than their heterosexual counterparts; however, the underlying reasons remain unclear and longitudinal research is limited. Owing to evidence that this group also experiences greater depressive symptoms than their peers, we aimed to (i) assess to what extent depressed mood explains the increased likelihood of engaging in alcohol use among sexual minority adolescents, and (ii) explore potential gender‐specific patterns.DesignStructural equation modelling was used to test the indirect relationship between sexual orientation and alcohol use through depressed mood, with heterosexuals as the reference group.Settings and ParticipantsA total of 3710 adolescents (12% sexual minority), from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study, assessed between the ages of 15 and 18 years.MeasurementsSexual orientation was assessed at age 15, while alcohol use was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) at age 18. Depressed mood was indexed by the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) at age 16.FindingsSexual minority adolescents were more likely to engage in alcohol problem use compared to their heterosexual counterparts [Btotal = 0.12, 95%confidence interval (CI) = 0.04–0.20, P = 0.003]. Depressed mood explained 21% of the link between sexual orientation and alcohol use after adjustment for covariates and earlier measures (Z = 3.2, P = 0.001). No gender differences were observed.ConclusionsA higher prevalence of alcohol problem use in adolescents who are gay, lesbian or bisexual is partly explained by increased rates of depression in this group.
Simultaneous adenomatoid odontogenic and keratocystic odontogenic tumours in a patient with Gorlin‐Goltz syndrome
Authors: Shephard M , Coleman H 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGorlin and Goltz described a syndrome in which multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts and bifid ribs occurred in combination. The jaw keratocysts are a consistent feature of ‘Gorlin‐Goltz’ or naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Central nervous system and ocular involvement occurred together with the fairly typical facial features of frontal bossing and hypertelorism.This case report documents the pathology associated with an impacted maxillary canine tooth in a boy with Gorlin‐Goltz syndrome. The patient presented for investigation of the failure of eruption of the right permanent maxillary canine tooth. Radiographic investigation showed the presence of a well circumscribed radiolucency located around the crown of an impacted right maxillary canine tooth. The patient's medical history revealed a medulloblastoma that was treated 13 years ago. The right maxillary canine tooth and associated peri‐coronal tissue were removed under general anaesthetic. A diagnosis of a keratocystic odontogenic tumour with an associated adenomatoid odontogenic tumour was made.The common differential diagnoses for a peri‐coronal radiolucency in the maxilla that need to be considered by dentists include a dentigerous cyst, follicular keratocystic odontogenic tumour and adenomatoid odontogenic tumour.A rare case of both keratocystic odontogenic tumour and associated follicular adenomatoid odontogenic tumour is described in a patient with naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
The risk of asthma exacerbation after reducing inhaled corticosteroids: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hagan J. B. , Samant S. A. , Volcheck G. W. , Li J. T. , Hagan C. R. , Erwin P. J. , Rank M. A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundAsthma guidelines suggest reducing controller medications when asthma is stable.MethodsThe purpose of the study is to estimate the risk of asthma exacerbation in stable asthmatics who reduce inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) compared to those who maintain a stable ICS dose. We identified articles from a systematic review of English and non‐English articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (inception to May 25, 2013). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a stable asthma run‐in period of 4 weeks or more, an intervention to reduce ICS, and a follow‐up period of at least 3 months.ResultsThe search strategy identified 2253 potential articles, of which 206 were reviewed at the full‐text level and 6 met criteria for inclusion. The relative risk of an asthma exacerbation in individuals who reduced ICS compared to those who maintained the same ICS dose was 1.25 (95% CI 0.96, 1.62; P = 0.10; I2 = 0%) in studies with a mean follow‐up of 22 weeks. Individuals who reduced ICS had a decreased% predicted FEV1 of 0.87% (95% CI −1.58%,3.33%; P = 0.49, I2 = 58%) and a decreased mean morning peak expiratory flow of 9.57 l/min (95% CI 1.25, 17.90; P = 0.02; I2 = 74%) compared to those individuals who maintained a stable ICS dose.ConclusionsAsthma exacerbations were statistically no more likely among individuals who reduced ICS compared to those who maintained their ICS dose, supporting current guidelines which recommend decreasing ICS by 50% after a period of asthma stability.