bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding, amyloid‐β deposition, and mitochondria complex‐I function in living brain: A PET study in aged monkeys
Authors: Nishiyama Shingo , Ohba Hiroyuki , Kanazawa Masakatsu , Kakiuchi Takeharu , Tsukada Hideo 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to assess the correlations among α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7‐nAChR) binding, amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition, and mitochondrial complex I (MC‐I) activity in the brain of aged monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Positron emission tomography (PET) measurements with [11C](R)‐MeQAA, [11C]PIB, and [18F]BCPP‐EF were conducted in monkeys in a conscious condition. [11C](R)‐MeQAA binding was analyzed by a simplified reference tissue model to calculate nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND), [11C]PIB uptake was calculated by standard uptake value ratio (SUVR), and [18F]BCPP‐EF binding was determined by Logan graphical analysis to calculate total distribution volume (VT) with arterial blood sampling. Higher brain uptake was determined in the thalamus, hippocampus, striatum, and cortical regions for [11C](R)‐MeQAA, while being lower in the cerebellum. Significant age‐related reduction of [11C](R)‐MeQAA binding to α7‐nAChR was determined only in the occipital cortex. The plot of Vt of [18F]BCPP‐EF against BPND of [11C](R)‐MeQAA indicated a significant negative correlation in the hippocampus and cortical regions in aged animals. Plotting of SUVR of [11C]PIB against BPND of [11C](R)‐MeQAA showed a positive correlation. The in vivo binding of [11C](R)‐MeQAA could reflect the upregulation of α7‐nAChR induced by neurodegenerative damage determined by Aβ deposition as well as impaired MC‐I activity in living brain. Synapse 69:475–483, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Temperature and Anion on the Copper(II) Complexes based on 2‐(Carboxyphenyl)iminodiacetic Acid and 1,10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Ma Jie , Jiang Fei‐Long , Zhou Kang , Chen Lian , Wu Ming‐Yan , Hong Mao‐Chun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUsing Cu(NO3)2 as metal salt, [Cu3(cpida)(phen)2(H2O)5]·3NO3·2H2O (1) and {[Cu2(cpida)(phen)(NO3)]·2H2O}n (2a) were synthesized from an identical starting mixture with 2‐(carboxyphenyl)iminodiacetic acid (H3cpida) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) at 5 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Additionally, complexes 2b–2d, which are isostructural to 2a, were obtained using Cu(ClO4)2, Cu(BF4)2, and Cu(CF3SO3)2 instead of Cu(NO3)2 in the temperature range 0–65 °C. 1 is characterized by a V‐shaped trinuclear CuII monomer, whereas 2a–2d features a one‐dimensional (1D) Δ CuII chain. Abundant hydrogen bonds constructed by the nitrate anion are observed in 1. A structural transformation study was undertaken and revealed that 1 could completely transform into 2a from the reaction solution at 25 °C and the temperature plays a crucial role in the process. Magnetic measurements revealed that 1 exhibits dominant antiferromagnetic behavior, whereas 2a presents dominant ferromagnetic behavior.
Bridging Nonaselenium Ring in [Se9(IrBr3)2], and Three Modifications of the Mononuclear Complex [IrBr3(SeBr2)3]
Authors: Stolze Karoline , Ruck Michael 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The reaction of iridium powder with an excess of selenium and SeBr4 yielded lustrous, vermillion crystals of the mononuclear iridium complex [IrBr3(SeBr2)3]. The transition metal is coordinated octahedrally by three SeBr2 and three bromide ligands with facial or meridional configuration. Three different modifications were obtained under similar conditions: a‐fac‐IrBr3(SeBr2)3, space group P$\bar{1}$, with a = 789.4(1) pm, b = 830.4(1) pm, c = 1334.4(1) pm, α = 81.634(5)°, β = 84.948(5)°, γ = 67.616(4)°; m‐fac‐IrBr3(SeBr2)3, space group P21/n, with a = 1205.3(1) pm, b = 962.4(1) pm, c = 1383.9(1) pm, β = 91.114(3)°; mer‐IrBr3(SeBr2)3, space group P21/n with a = 859.7(1) pm, b = 1284.3(1) pm, c = 1437.5(1) pm, β = 94.427(3)°. A lower bromine content in the starting composition resulted in shiny, deep‐red crystals of [Se9(IrBr3)2]. X‐ray diffraction on a single‐crystal revealed a tetragonal lattice (space group I41/a) with a = 1245.4(1) pm and c = 2486.8(1) pm at 296(1) K. In the [Se9(IrBr3)2] complex, a crown‐shaped uncharged Se9 ring coordinates two iridium(III) cations as a bridging bis‐tridentate ligand. Three terminal bromide ions complete the distorted octahedral coordination of each transition metal atom.
Biosynthetic enhancement of single-stage Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) production by manipulating the substrate mixtures
Authors: Huong Kai-Hee , Kannusamy Shantini , Lim Sumithda Yeong Hui , Amirul A A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Two-stage fermentation was normally employed to achieve a high poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] productivity with higher 4HB molar fraction. Here, we demonstrated single-stage fermentation method which is more industrial feasible by implementing mixed-substrate cultivation strategy. Studies on bioreactor scale show a remarkably high PHA accumulation of 73 wt%, contributing to a high PHA concentration and product yield of 8.6 g/L and 2.7 g/g, respectively. This fermentation strategy has resulted in copolymers with wider range of 4HB monomer composition, which ranges from 12 to 55 mol%. These copolymers show a broad range of weight average molecular weight (M w) from 119.5 to 407.0 kDa. The copolymer characteristics were found to be predominantly affected by the nature of the substrates and the mixture strategies, regardless of the 4HB monomer compositions. This was supported by the determination of copolymer randomness using 13C-NMR analysis. The study warrants significantly in the copolymer scale-up and modeling at industrial level.
The modeling of ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus using whey as substrate in continuous A-Stat bioreactors
Authors: Gabardo Sabrina , Pereira Gabriela Feix , Rech Rosane , Ayub Marco Antônio Záchia 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We investigated the kinetics of whey bioconversion into ethanol by Kluyveromyces marxianus in continuous bioreactors using the “accelerostat technique” (A-stat). Cultivations using free and Ca-alginate immobilized cells were evaluated using two different acceleration rates (a). The kinetic profiles of these systems were modeled using four different unstructured models, differing in the expressions for the specific growth (μ) and substrate consumption rates (r s), taking into account substrate limitation and product inhibition. Experimental data showed that the dilution rate (D) directly affected cell physiology and metabolism. The specific growth rate followed the dilution rate (μ≈D) for the lowest acceleration rate (a = 0.0015 h−2), condition in which the highest ethanol yield (0.52 g g−1) was obtained. The highest acceleration rate (a = 0.00667 h−2) led to a lower ethanol yield (0.40 g g−1) in the system where free cells were used, whereas with immobilized cells ethanol yields increased by 23 % (0.49 g g−1). Among the evaluated models, Monod and Levenspiel combined with Ghose and Tyagi models were found to be more appropriate for describing the kinetics of whey bioconversion into ethanol. These results may be useful in scaling up the process for ethanol production from whey.
Attitudes Toward Genetic Testing for Celiac Disease
Authors: Roy Abhik , Pallai Michele , Lebwohl Benjamin , Taylor Annette K. , Green Peter H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHLA molecular typing for celiac disease (CD) is a genetic test with a high negative predictive value. The aim of this study is to explore knowledge of and attitudes towards genetic testing (GT). A 25‐item questionnaire was developed by a multidisciplinary team and distributed to members of CD support groups across the United States. Respondents (n = 1835) were mainly female (88 %), married (76 %), and college‐educated (55 %), with a median age range of 31–50 years. Those who were married (82 vs 75 %, p = 0.002), had children (82 vs 74 %, p < 0.001), and had pursued education beyond high school (81 vs 68 %, p = 0.004) were more likely to be aware of the availability of GT. On multivariable analysis, adjusting for age, sex, education, marital status, region of residence, and having children, college‐education (OR 2.05, 95 % CI: 1.33–3.16) and having children (OR 1.56, 95 % CI: 1.15–2.11) remained significant predictors of GT awareness. A majority of patients with a personal or family history of CD planned GT for their children, and the most common concerns regarding GT were cost and impact on health care and/or insurance. In conclusion, awareness of GT is high among CD support group members. Efforts should be made to increase knowledge of GT in those with a lower educational level, and healthcare professionals should attempt to address concerns regarding GT cost and the impact of results on health care and insurance status.
Catalysts for the Ethoxylation of Esters
Authors: Di Serio Martino , Tesser Riccardo , Russo Vincenzo , Turco Rosa , Vitiello Rosa , Sun Yongqiang , Hreczuch Wiesław 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe intermediates for the production of nonionic surfactants can be derived from petrochemicals and/or from renewable raw materials. In both, the role of catalysis is fundamental. In this paper the main results reported in the literature related with the catalysis for ethoxylation of fatty esters will be reviewed. The main open challenges for these technologies will be outlined.
Milk Phospholipids Enhance Lymphatic Absorption of Dietary Sphingomyelin in Lymph‐Cannulated Rats
Authors: Morifuji Masashi , Higashi Seiichiro , Oba Chisato , Ichikawa Satomi , Kawahata Keiko , Yamaji Taketo , Itoh Hiroyuki , Manabe Yuki , Sugawara Tatsuya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSupplementation with sphingomyelin has been reported to have beneficial effects on disease prevention and health maintenance. However, compared with glycerolipids, intact sphingomyelin and ceramides are poorly absorbed. Therefore, if the bioavailability of dietary sphingomyelin is increased, then the dose administered can be reduced. This study was designed to identify molecular species of ceramide in rat lymph after the ingestion of milk sphingomyelin, and to compare the effect of purified sphingomyelin with milk phospholipids concentrate (MPL, 185 mg sphingomyelin/g) on lymphatic absorption of milk sphingomyelin. Lymph was collected hourly for 6 h from lymph‐cannulated rats (n = 8/group) after the administration of a control emulsion (triolein, bovine serum albumin, and sodium taurocholate), a sphingomyelin emulsion (control + purified sphingomyelin), or a MPL emulsion (control + MPL). Molecular species of ceramide in lymph were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Molecular species of ceramide, containing not only d18:1, but also d17:1 and d16:1 sphingosine with 16:0, 22:0, 23:0, and 24:0 fatty acids (specific to milk sphingomyelin), were increased in rat lymph after the administration of milk sphingomyelin. Their molecular species were similar to those of dietary milk sphingomyelin. Recovery of ceramide moieties from dietary sphingomyelin was 1.28‐ to 1.80‐fold significantly higher in the MPL group than in the sphingomyelin group. Our results demonstrated that dietary sphingomyelin from milk was transported to lymph as molecular species of ceramide hydrolyzed from milk sphingomyelin and co‐ingestion of sphingomyelin with glycerophospholipids enhanced the bioavailability of dietary sphingomyelin.
Mass Spectrometric Confirmation of γ‐Linolenic Acid Ester‐Linked Ceramide 1 in the Epidermis of Borage Oil Fed Guinea Pigs
Authors: Shin Kyong‐Oh , Kim Kunpyo , Jeon Sanghun , Seo Cho‐Hee , Lee Yong‐Moon , Cho Yunhi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCeramide 1 (Cer1), a Cer species with eicosasphingenine (d20:1) amide‐linked to two different ω‐hydroxy fatty acids (C30wh:0:C32wh:1), which are, in turn, ester‐linked to linoleic acid (LNA; 18:2n‐6), plays a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the epidermal barrier. Prompted by the recovery of a disrupted epidermal barrier with dietary borage oil [BO: 36.5 % LNA and 23.5 % γ‐linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n‐6)], in essential fatty acid (EFA)‐deficient guinea pigs, we further investigated the effects of BO on the substitution of ester‐linked GLA for LNA in these two epidermal Cer1 species by LC–MS in positive and negative modes. Dietary supplementation of BO for 2 weeks in EFA‐deficient guinea pigs increased LNA ester‐linked to C32wh:1/d20:1 and C30wh:0/d20:1 of Cer1. Moreover, GLA ester‐linked to C32wh:1/d20:1, but not to C30wh:0/d20:1, of Cer1 was detected, which was further confirmed by the product ions of m/z 277.2 for ester‐linked GLA and m/z 802.3 for the deprotonated C32wh:1/d20:1. C20‐Metabolized fatty acids of LNA or GLA were not ester‐linked to these Cer1 species. Dietary BO induced GLA ester‐linked to C32wh:1/d20:1 of epidermal Cer1.
Modulation of the Expression of Components of the Stress Response by Dietary Arachidonic Acid in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Larvae
Authors: Montero Daniel , Terova Genciana , Rimoldi Simona , Betancor Mónica B. , Atalah Eyad , Torrecillas Silvia , Caballero María J. , Zamorano María J. , Izquierdo Marisol 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study reports for the first time on European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), larvae, the effect of different levels of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n‐6) on the expression of genes related to the fish stress response. Copies of mRNA from genes related to steroidogenesis [StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), c‐Fos, and CYP11β (11β‐hydroxylase gene)], glucocorticoid receptor complex [GR (glucocorticoid receptor) and HSP (heat shock proteins) 70 and 90) and antioxidative stress (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase] were quantified. Eighteen day‐old larvae were fed for 14 days with three experimental diets with increasing levels of ARA (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 % d.w.) and similar levels of docosahexaenoic (22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n‐3) acids (5 and 3 %, respectively). The quantification of stress‐related genes transcripts was conducted by One‐Step TaqMan real time RT‐PCR with the standard curve method (absolute quantification). Increase dietary levels of ARA induced a significantly (p < 0.05) down‐regulation of genes related to cortisol synthesis, such as StAR and CYP11β and up‐regulated genes related to glucocorticoid receptor complex, such as HSP70 and GR. No effects were observed on antioxidant enzymes gene expression. These results revealed the regulatory role of dietary ARA on the expression of stress‐related genes in European sea bass larvae.
The Fatty Acid Profile and Phenolic Composition of Descurainia sophia Seeds Extracted by Supercritical CO2
Authors: HadiNezhad Mehri , Rowland Owen , Hosseinian Farah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOil and phenolics were extracted from Descurainia sophia (Sophia) seeds by a supercritical CO2 system. Extractions were conducted in two sequential steps, first using 100 % CO2 and then adding 10 % ethanol as co‐solvent. The extracts were collected in each step using two separate collectors operating at different pressures. The extraction run was 3 and 4 h for the first period, and 2 h for the second period. The majority of the oil was collected in the first extraction period while phenolic compounds were obtained in the second extraction period. A combined mode of static/dynamic extraction (3 h running and 1 h soaking in CO2) was also used in the first extraction period, which enhanced the total extraction yield (29.3 ± 0.5 %) and was comparable to the 4 h extraction yield (31.4 ± 0.1 %). The total fatty acid (FA) content of oil in collector 1 (0.94 g) was nearly twice that in collector 2 (0.60 g). The oil contained 14 FAs with α‐linolenic being predominant (48.5 %), with a total 91.1 % unsaturated FAs, a ω3/ω6 ratio of 2.7, and an erucic acid content of 6.2 %. More than 10 phenolic compounds were detected by HPLC in the Sophia seed extracts of which sinapic acid was the dominant compound. Sophia seed extracts showed high levels of antioxidant activity. These results suggest that Sophia seed oil and phenolics have the potential for functional food and pharmaceutical applications.
13‐Hydroxy‐9Z,11E‐Octadecadienoic Acid Production by Recombinant Cells Expressing Burkholderia thailandensis 13‐Lipoxygenase
Authors: Sim Dong‐Hyun , Shin Kyung‐Chul , Oh Deok‐Kun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLinoleate 13‐lipoxygenase from Burkholderia thailandensis was expressed in Escherichia coli for the production of 13‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13‐HODE), an antiseptic emulsifier. Linoleate 13‐lipoxygenase in cells had higher thermal stability than the purified enzyme. To increase 13‐HODE production, recombinant cells were permeabilized by solvents, detergents, salts, and other chemicals. The enzymatic activity in cells was the highest for permeabilized cells treated with 0.5 M NaCl among the permeabilizers tested. The optimal reaction conditions for the production of 13‐HODE from linoleic acid by permeabilized cells treated with 0.5 M NaCl were at pH 7.5, 25 °C, 20 g/l linoleic acid, 15 g/l cells, 0.15 mM Cu2+, and 6 % (v/v) methanol in a 100‐ml baffled flask containing a 5‐ml working volume with agitation at 200 rpm. Under these conditions, permeabilized cells produced 15.8 g/l 13‐HODE after 30 min with a conversion yield of 79 % (w/w) and a productivity of 31.6 g/l/h. The conversion yield and productivity of permeabilized cells for 13‐HODE production were higher than those of purified and crude enzymes as well as nonpermeabilized cells. Therefore, permeabilized cells were efficient biocatalysts for 13‐HODE production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the production of 13‐HODE using cells.
A Simple Standardization Method for the Biodiesel Cold Soak Filtration Apparatus
Authors: Haas Michael J. , Barr Meredith R. , Phillips John , Wagner Karen M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCommercially available refined vegetable oils were investigated as calibration standards for the filtration device and protocol specified by ASTM D7501 for conducting the biodiesel cold soak filtration test. Filtration time was determined to be a function of the amount of vacuum applied during filtration, with an 8 % change in the filtration time of soybean oil occurring across the vacuum range specified by ASTM D7501. At a constant vacuum of 57 cm Hg the mean filtration time of 150 mL of soybean oil was independent of operator, device, and oil lot number. Mean filtration time was also largely independent of brand: the average of the mean filtration times of replicate samples of seven brands of soybean oil was 396 s with a minimum significant difference (MSD) of 28 s, and the filtration times of seven of eight brands of soybean oil tested fell within this MSD. Refined edible‐grade corn, canola, peanut, safflower and sunflower oils gave reliable filtration times and would be suitable standards. Each oil exhibited a characteristic filtration time, all greater than that for soy oil. Filtration times were an approximately linear function of kinematic viscosities, as predicted by Darcy's Law. Edible vegetable oils can serve as reliable, affordable, consistent and generally available materials for confirming the operability of the filtration device used in the biodiesel cold soak filtration test.
Isolation of Gamma and Delta Tocotrienols from Rice Bran Oil Deodorizer Distillate Using Flash Chromatography
Authors: Kordsmeier Mary , Howard Luke R. , Brownmiller Cindi , Proctor Andy , Hauer‐Jensen Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGamma (γ‐T3) and delta (δ‐T3) tocotrienols are the most potent natural protective agents against harmful effects of radiation exposure and there is substantial interest in advancing these tocols toward Food and Drug Administration approval. However, co‐administration with alpha tocopherol is reported to interfere with the radioprotective properties of the tocotrienols. The objective of this study was to test various flash chromatography conditions for the purification of fractions with a high proportion of γ‐T3 or δ‐T3 and a minimal amount of alpha isomers from tocol extract obtained from rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD). Load size (0.125, 0.250, 0.500 and 1.000 g), sample cartridge type (pre‐packed silica cartridge, empty cartridge+Celite 545) and mobile phase gradient [varying proportions of hexane–acetic acid (99.1:0.9 v/v) and ethyl acetate–acetic acid (99.1:0.9 v/v)] were evaluated. Peak resolution was best with a load size of ~1 % column capacity and a 5‐g silica sample cartridge coupled with a 12‐g silica column. A linear gradient of 0.8 % ethyl acetate–acetic acid (99.1:0.9 v/v) to hexane–acetic acid (99.1:0.9 v/v) (50 min) → 100 % ethyl acetate–acetic acid (99.1:0.9 v/v) (5 min) resulted in the best separation of tocols. The method developed was used to isolate tocols from samples of crude RBODD, tocol concentrate and tocol‐rich extract. The use of these conditions with a tocol‐rich extract resulted in several fractions containing 100 % purities of both γ‐T3 and δ‐T3.
Identifying amyloid pathology–related cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in a multicohort study
Authors: Leung Yuk Yee , Toledo Jon B. , Nefedov Alexey , Polikar Robi , Raghavan Nandini , Xie Sharon X. , Farnum Michael , Schultz Tim , Baek Young , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Hu William T. , Holtzman David M. , Fagan Anne M. , Perrin Richard J. , Grossman Murray , Soares Holly D. , Kling Mitchel A. , Mailman Matthew , Arnold Steven E. , Narayan Vaibhav A. , Lee Virginia M‐Y. , Shaw Leslie M. , Baker David , Wittenberg Gayle M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Wang Li‐San ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe dynamic range of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β (Aβ1–42) measurement does not parallel to cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitively normal (CN) subjects across different studies. Therefore, identifying novel proteins to characterize symptomatic AD samples is important.MethodsProteins were profiled using a multianalyte platform by Rules Based Medicine (MAP‐RBM). Due to underlying heterogeneity and unbalanced sample size, we combined subjects (344 AD and 325 CN) from three cohorts: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research of the University of Pennsylvania, and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University in St. Louis. We focused on samples whose cognitive and amyloid status was consistent. We performed linear regression (accounted for age, gender, number of apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 alleles, and cohort variable) to identify amyloid‐related proteins for symptomatic AD subjects in this largest ever CSF–based MAP‐RBM study. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to evaluate if these proteins were related to cognitive impairment changes as measured by mini‐mental state examination (MMSE).ResultsSeven proteins were significantly associated with Aβ1–42 levels in the combined cohort (false discovery rate adjusted P < .05), of which lipoprotein a (Lp(a)), prolactin (PRL), resistin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have consistent direction of associations across every individual cohort. VEGF was strongly associated with MMSE scores, followed by pancreatic polypeptide and immunoglobulin A (IgA), suggesting they may be related to staging of AD.DiscussionLp(a), PRL, IgA, and tissue factor/thromboplastin have never been reported for AD diagnosis in previous individual CSF–based MAP‐RBM studies. Although some of our reported analytes are related to AD pathophysiology, other's roles in symptomatic AD samples worth further explorations.