bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognates in Vocabulary Size Testing - a Distorting Influence?
Authors: Jordan Eoin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article examines the issue of cognates in frequency-based vocabulary size testing. Data from a pilot study for a cognate-controlled English vocabulary size test was used to assess whether a group of Japanese university English learners (n = 60) were more successful at responding to cognate items than noncognate ones in three 1000 word frequency bands on a Japanese-English translation task. The results showed a statistically significant difference between scores achieved on cognate and noncognate items at the 2000 and 3000 frequency levels, but not at the 1000 frequency level. The findings suggest that cognate items may be easier for test-takers to respond to than noncognate ones of similar frequency, indicating the importance of ensuring that their respective proportions in tests are representative of those inherent in the frequency bands they have been sampled from. It is also argued that such representativeness may best be achieved via a stratified item sampling approach.
Simultaneous quantification of major bioactive constituents from Zhuyeqing Liquor by HPLC-PDA
Authors: Gao Hong-ying , Wang Shu-yun , Wang Hang-yu , Li Guo-yu , Wang Li-fei , Du Xiao-wei , Han Ying , Huang Jian , Wang Jin-hui 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background
Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) is a famous traditional Chinese functional liquor. For quality control of ZYQL products, quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was undertaken.

Methods
Eighteen compounds from ZYQL were simultaneously detected and used as chemical markers in the quantitative analysis, including 3-hydroxy-4,5(R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (M1), isobiflorin (M2), vanillic acid (M3), biflorin (M4), genipin 1-O-β-d-gentiobioside (M5), 1-sinapoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (M6), geniposide (M7), epijasmnoside A (M8), ferulic acid (M9), luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranoside (M10), isoorientin (M11), narirutin (M12), hesperidin (M13), 6′-O-sinapoylgeniposide (M14), 3,5-dihydroxy-3′,4′,7,8-tetramethoxyl flavones (M15), 3′,4′,3,5,6,8-hexamethoxyl flavone (M16), kaempferide (M17), and tangeretin (M18).

Results
The separation by gradient elution was achieved on SHIMADZU VP-ODS column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C with methanol (A)/0.1% phosphoric acid (B) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelengths were 254, 278, and 335 nm. The optimized HPLC method provided a good linear relation (r ≥ 0.9991 for all the target compounds), satisfactory precision (RSD values less than 1.47%) and good recovery (97.40% to 103.44%). The limits of detection ranged between 0.20 × 10−4 and 64.90 × 10−4 μg/μL for the different analytes. Furthermore, the optimum sample preparation was obtained from HPD100 column eluted with water and 95% ethanol, respectively.

Conclusions
Quality control of ZYQL products, in total seven samples and twelve parent plants, was examined by this method, and results confirmed its feasibility and reliability in practice.
Development of Critical Thinking of Pupils at Primary General Education Stage
Authors: Люгзаева  , Lyugzaeva Svetlana , Чиранова  , Chiranova Olga 
Published: August 2014

The article studies aspects of critical reasoning development technology through reading and writing as well as prospective of technology
implementation at mathematics and Russian classes in primary school. Recommendations on carrying out described techniques and the algorithm
of method implementation are offered. Study manuals for fragments of mathematics and Russian classes are provided.
Communication as Adaptation Method for Primary Students in Residential Schools for Orphaned Children
Authors: Аксёнов  , Aksenov A. 
Published: August 2014

The article reveals difficulties of fostering interpersonal relations skills in orphans raised in residential schools. It refers to psychological and
pedagogical methods to recognize levels of social adaptation of orphans of various ages on the basis of school boards of experts, as well as to the
system of pedagogical support, that includes training, specific know-how programs and communicational means to reduce negative effects of
desadaptation.
Historic Aspects of Methods for Primary Students’ Verbal Skills Development
Authors: Сафонова  , Safonova Irina 
Published: August 2014

The article reveals historic and pedagogic approach to speaking skills development of pre-school and primary school age children, characterizes
the establishment of verbal creativity teaching methods since the ideas of K.D. Ushinskiy and his followers. Emphasis is given to restoration of
rhetoric classes in primary school.
Insulin‐like growth factor 2 reverses memory and synaptic deficits in APP transgenic mice
Authors: Pascual‐Lucas Maria , Viana da Silva Silvia , Di Scala Marianna , Garcia‐Barroso Carolina , González‐Aseguinolaza Gloria , Mulle Christophe , Alberini Cristina M , Cuadrado‐Tejedor Mar , Garcia‐Osta Ana 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) was recently found to play a critical role in memory consolidation in rats and mice, and hippocampal or systemic administration of recombinant IGF2 enhances memory. Here, using a gene therapy‐based approach with adeno‐associated virus (AAV), we show that IGF2 overexpression in the hippocampus of aged wild‐type mice enhances memory and promotes dendritic spine formation. Furthermore, we report that IGF2 expression decreases in the hippocampus of patients with Alzheimer's disease, and this leads us to hypothesize that increased IGF2 levels may be beneficial for treating the disease. Thus, we used the AAV system to deliver IGF2 or IGF1 into the hippocampus of the APP mouse model Tg2576 and demonstrate that IGF2 and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) rescue behavioural deficits, promote dendritic spine formation and restore normal hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission. The brains of Tg2576 mice that overexpress IGF2 but not IGF1 also show a significant reduction in amyloid levels. This reduction probably occurs through an interaction with the IGF2 receptor (IGF2R). Hence, IGF2 and, to a lesser extent, IGF1 may be effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
Species–area relationships are modulated by trophic rank, habitat affinity, and dispersal ability
Authors: van Noordwijk C. G. E. (Toos) , Verberk Wilco C. E. P. , Turin Hans , Heijerman Theodoor , Alders Kees , Dekoninck Wouter , Hannig Karsten , Regan Eugenie , McCormack Stephen , Brown Mark J. F. , Remke Eva , Siepel Henk , Berg Matty P. , Bonte Dries 
Published: August 2014

In the face of ongoing habitat fragmentation, species–area relationships (SARs) have gained renewed interest and are increasingly used to set conservation priorities. An important question is how large habitat areas need to be to optimize biodiversity conservation. The relationship between area and species richness is explained by colonization–extinction dynamics, whereby smaller sites harbor smaller populations, which are more prone to extinction than the larger populations sustained by larger sites. These colonization–extinction dynamics are predicted to vary with trophic rank, habitat affinity, and dispersal ability of the species. However, empirical evidence for the effect of these species characteristics on SARs remains inconclusive.In this study we used carabid beetle data from 58 calcareous grassland sites to investigate how calcareous grassland area affects species richness and activity density for species differing in trophic rank, habitat affinity, and dispersal ability. In addition, we investigated how SARs are affected by the availability of additional calcareous grassland in the surrounding landscape.Beetle species richness and activity density increased with calcareous grassland area for zoophagous species that are specialists for dry grasslands and, to a lesser extent, for zoophagous habitat generalists. Phytophagous species and zoophagous forest and wet‐grassland specialists were not affected by calcareous grassland area. The dependence of species on large single sites increased with decreasing dispersal ability for species already vulnerable to calcareous grassland area. Additional calcareous grassland in the landscape had a positive effect on local species richness of both dry‐grassland specialists and generalists, but this effect was restricted to a few hundred meters.Our results demonstrate that SARs are affected by trophic rank, habitat affinity, and dispersal ability. These species characteristics do not operate independently, but should be viewed in concert. In addition, species' responses depend on the landscape context. Our study suggests that the impact of habitat area on trophic interactions may be larger than previously anticipated. In small habitat fragments surrounded by a hostile matrix, food chains may be strongly disrupted. This highlights the need to conserve continuous calcareous grassland patches of at least several hectares in size.
Effects of self-ligating and conventional brackets on halitosis and periodontal conditions
Authors: Kaygisiz Emine , Uzuner Fatma Deniz , Yuksel Sema , Taner Levent , Çulhaoğlu Rana , Sezgin Yasemin , Ateş Can 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment with steel-ligated conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets on halitosis and periodontal health.Materials and Methods: Sixty patients, at the permanent dentition stage aged 12 to 18 years, who had Angle Class I malocclusion with mild-to-moderate crowding were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria were nonsmokers, without systematic disease, and no use of antibiotics and oral mouth rinses during the 2-month period before the study. The patients were subdivided into three groups randomly: the group treated with conventional brackets (group 1, n  =  20) ligated with steel ligature wires, the group treated with self-ligating brackets (group 2, n  =  20), and the control group (group 3, n  =  20). The periodontal records were obtained 1 week before bonding (T1), immediately before bonding (T2), 1 week after bonding (T3), 4 weeks after bonding (T4), and 8 weeks after bonding (T5). Measurements of the control group were repeated within the same periods. The volatile sulfur components determining halitosis were measured with the Halimeter at T2, T3, T4, and T5. A two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the groups statistically.Results: No statistically significant group × time interactions were found for plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and halitosis, which means three independent groups change like each other by time. The risk of tongue coating index (TCI) being 2 was 10.2 times higher at T1 than at T5 (P &lt; .001). Therefore, the probability of higher TCI was decreased by time in all groups.Conclusions: The self-ligating brackets do not have an advantage over conventional brackets with respect to periodontal status and halitosis.
Pensée en action/ pensée sur l’action : une fenêtre sur l’agir professoral?
Authors: Cicurel Francine 
Published: August 2014

Résumé :Lorsque un enseignant visionne le filmage de son action en classe, ce qui est souvenir enfoui dans la mémoire redevient perception. Le fait de se voir au milieu de sa classe, en acte, amène l’enseignant à penser d’une autre façon son métier, sa manière de faire, ce qui caractérise son public et la manière dont il aborde les divers obstacles qu’il rencontre nécessairement. Montent alors à la conscience des savoirs cachés, des motifs sur lesquels il n’a pas le temps ni l’habitude de s’étendre, des appréciations qui ne portent pas seulement sur la langue mais aussi sur la représentation qu’il a des apprenants, des commentaires sur l’image de soi, sur les croyances, le métier, la gestion des imprévus, la rationalité ou la spontanéité de l’action. Cet article se propose d’interroger les discours de verbalisations d’enseignants comme voie d’accès à ce qu’on appelle la pensée enseignante.
Performing Vintage: The Cultivation and Dissemination of Vintage Sensibilities at the Brooklyn Flea
Authors: Peters Lauren Downing 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:“Vintage” as a fashion term is difficult to pin down. While some scholars argue that vintage only applies to fashion items that are at least twenty years old, others argue that it is also an easily manufactured and commodifiable sensibility. This article offers a revised definition of vintage as performance and bridges the fields of fashion studies, cultural studies, and ethnography. Using the Brooklyn Flea in Brooklyn, New York, as my primary research site, I use interviews and in-depth ethnographic observation to provide a new framework through which we can come to understand the Brooklyn vintage phenomenon and observe an example of aesthetic renewal in a vibrant consumption landscape. I suggest that, through this case study and through the lens of performance, we can come to understand vintage as produced in interactions between cultural actors (principally the consumers and purveyors of vintage objects) and disseminated by street-style photographers, who spread images of the flea online to the virtual viewing public.
Laying Tracks and Tracking Change: An Interrogation of Nostalgia, National Identity, and the Railway in Contemporary Photography
Authors: Bishop-Stall Reilley 
Published: August 2014

Abstract: From the time of the earliest photographs commissioned to document the construction of the railway, the camera and the train have enjoyed a mutually beneficial, almost symbiotic, relationship, and despite, or perhaps owing to, the parallel decline of both traditional forms in more recent decades, the two technologies remain remarkably intertwined. This project examines the work of two contemporary artists, Scott Conarroe and Mark Ruwedel, whose photographs depict the enduring presence of the railway industry throughout North America. Exploring the coeval development of photography and the railway and the contribution of both to the construction of national identity in the nineteenth century, I interrogate the two technologies’ shared relevance to questions of transportation, communication, and perception in the present, in order to explore how a nation or community is affected by infrastructure that remains from technologies that once were vital to its creation and unification. Providing a critique of the growing literature on nostalgia, I argue that ethical engagement, both within the present and in regards to the past, depends upon an acknowledgement of the heterotemporality of space and the heterogeneity of time.
Social presence in online learning communities: the role of personal profiles
Authors: Kear Karen , Chetwynd Frances , Jefferis Helen 
Published: August 2014

Online communication is increasingly used in education, but it is not without problems. One significant difficulty is a lack of social presence. Social presence relates to the need for users of technology-based communication to perceive each other as real people. Low social presence can be a particular issue in text-based, asynchronous systems such as discussion forums, leading to feelings of impersonality and disengagement from online learning. Features of online communication systems have the potential to increase social presence. One possibility, advocated in the literature on online learning, is the use of personal profiles and photos to help participants to learn something about each other and feel more connected. This paper discusses the question: To what extent do personal profiles enhance social presence in online learning communities? It presents research findings from two studies which investigated learners’ use and perceptions of personal profiles in online forums. The findings suggest that personal profiles and photos help some online learners to feel in touch with each other. Other learners, however, do not feel the need for these facilities, have privacy concerns or prefer to focus on the forum postings.Keywords: personal profile; online community; learning community; social presence; distance learning(Published: 7 August 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 22: 19710 -http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.19710
Financial Exposure of McDonald’s Corp. Success as a Market Leader
Authors: Shahid Maria , Shafiq Hamna , Khan Ayesha , Bari Rafia , Shahzad Nimra , Ch. Irum Saeed , Parveen Sadia 
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the financial aspects of McDonald’s success as a market leader despite of the global recession and tough competition offered by Yum brands. Financial ratio analysis, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis and DuPont analysis are applied for 9 years financial data of McDonald’s. And it is discovered that efficient operations, strong short and long term solvency position, high profitability, highly loyal customer, broader network expansion and the value adding menu are major factors of its success. But it has to improve its asset utilization efficiency to remain No. 1 in highly competitive fast food industry. The expected learning outcomes of this case study is to illustrate the success factors, particularly in financial terms which provides a strong base for a business organization to maintain its competitive position & leadership. The readers are expected to be able to get an understanding of the following terms at the completion of this study: an understanding of calculation and interpretation of basic financial ratios and its implications for financial managers, investors and creditors; the significance of various financial analysis for a business organization, the importance of understanding the external business environment and how that environment poses threats as well as new opportunities for the businesses operating in it. This case study is designed for the students of BBA/MBA and helpful in the courses of corporate finance and financial reporting analysis.
Le rôle des familles au sein du système de santé mentale au Québec
Authors: Bonin Jean-Pierre , Chicoine Gabrielle , Fradet Hélène , Larue Caroline , Racine Hélène , Jacques Marie-Claude , St-Cyr Tribble Denise 
Published: August 2014

Cet article vise à résumer l’état des lieux quant au rôle des familles de personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux au sein du système de santé mentale au Québec. À cet effet, un rappel historique permet de mettre en perspective les différents rôles occupés par les familles, d’agent causal, tant au point de vue de la générique que des émotions exprimées, à prestataire de soins qui peut vivre du fardeau et finalement partenaire. Un modèle élaboré par la FFAPAMM et qui identifie trois rôles principaux permet de contextualiser le rôle actuel dans le système. Ce modèle, intitulé CAP, regroupe et décrit trois rôles des familles qui, s’ils sont tributaires du passé, continuent de se côtoyer à notre époque : celui de client, d’accompagnateur et finalement de partenaire. Des recommandations provenant d’un projet de recherche québécois et d’un rapport de la Commission de santé mentale du Canada permettront d’envisager un avenir où les besoins et les aspirations des familles seront pris en compte.
L’effet de l’âge, du genre et du statut socioéconomique sur l’utilisation des services de médecine générale pour des symptômes de détresse psychologique
Authors: Préville Michel , Gontijo-Guerra Samantha , Mechakra-Tahiri Samia-Djemaâ , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Lamoureux-Lamarche Catherine , Berbiche Djamal 
Published: August 2014

Objectifs : L’objectif de cette étude était, premièrement, de documenter les propriétés psychométriques d’une mesure du statut socioéconomique des personnes âgées et, deuxièmement, de documenter l’effet du statut socioéconomique sur l’association entre le besoin ressenti d’améliorer sa santé mentale et l’utilisation des services de médecine générale par les personnes âgées en tenant compte de l’effet de l’âge et du genre.
Méthode : Les données utilisées pour cette étude proviennent de l’étude ESA (Enquête sur la santé des aînés) sur la santé mentale et le vieillissement, réalisée en 2005-2008 auprès d’un échantillon probabiliste (n = 2811) de la population âgée de 65 ans et plus vivant à domicile au Québec.
Résultats : Nos résultats ont montré qu’un modèle de mesure du statut socioéconomique des personnes âgées, incluant une dimension individuelle (SSE_I) et contextuelle (SSE_C) de défavorisation, était plausible. La fiabilité de la mesure du statut socioéconomique utilisée dans le cadre du programme de recherche ESA était de ,92. Nos résultats ont montré que les femmes (b = -,43) ainsi que les personnes plus âgées (b = -,16) avaient un statut socioéconomique plus défavorisé. Cependant, nos résultats n’ont montré aucune association significative entre le statut socioéconomique, la perception du besoin d’améliorer sa santé mentale et l’utilisation des services de médecine générale chez les personnes âgées au Québec.
Nos résultats ne confirment pas l’idée avancée dans d’autres études selon lesquelles le statut socioéconomique a un effet sur l’utilisation des services de médecine générale par les personnes âgées et suggèrent que, dans un contexte où les services de santé sont donnés dans le cadre d’un programme d’assurance public, le statut socioéconomique n’influence pas l’accès aux services de médecine générale chez les personnes âgées.
Periodicity and patterns of ocean wind and wave climate
Authors: Stopa Justin E. , Cheung Kwok Fai 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) provides a wealth of information spanning 1979–2009 for investigation of ocean wind and wave climate. Preprocessing of the data is necessary to remove the dominant seasonal signals and to create time series of semimonthly averaged wind speed and significant wave height over a 0.5° global grid. We perform an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to extract the dominant space‐time patterns. The results for the three major ocean basins show strong zonal structures in the winds and saturation of the swells corroborating prior works with various data sets. We reexamine the CFSR data in the frequency domain to identify periodic signals associated with published climate indices. The Fourier transform of the preprocessed time series generates spectra ranging from 1 month to 15 years period for an EOF analysis. The results demonstrate the spatial structures and periods of climate phenomena. The Arctic Oscillation dominates the Atlantic basin with a broad range of intra‐annual signals off the European coasts. The Indian and Pacific Oceans are strongly influenced by inter‐annual cycles of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctica Oscillation. The Indian Ocean also has strong intra‐annual components ranging from 50 to 80 days period. The ENSO proves to be a ubiquitous signal around the globe, and in particular, saturates the Pacific with strong influences in the equatorial region and the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies. A commonality of all basins is that the magnitude and the spatial structure of the intra‐annual and inter‐annual signals are similar suggesting a wide range of periods in each of the climate cycles examined.