bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially and temporally probing distinctive glycerophospholipid alterations in Alzheimer’s disease mouse brain via high-resolution ion mobility-enabled sn-position resolved lipidomics
Authors: Xu Shuling , Zhu Zhijun , Delafield Daniel G. , Rigby Michael J. , Lu Gaoyuan , Braun Megan , Puglielli Luigi , Li Lingjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDysregulated glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism in the brain is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Routine liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based large-scale lipidomic methods often fail to elucidate subtle yet important structural features such as sn-position, hindering the precise interrogation of GP molecules. Leveraging high-resolution demultiplexing (HRdm) ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), we develop a four-dimensional (4D) lipidomic strategy to resolve GP sn-position isomers. We further construct a comprehensive experimental 4D GP database of 498 GPs identified from the mouse brain and an in-depth extended 4D library of 2500 GPs predicted by machine learning, enabling automated profiling of GPs with detailed acyl chain sn-position assignment. Analyzing three mouse brain regions (hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex), we successfully identify a total of 592 GPs including 130 pairs of sn-position isomers. Further temporal GPs analysis in the three functional brain regions illustrates their metabolic alterations in AD progression.
Nondestructive flash cathode recycling
Authors: Chen Weiyin , Cheng Yi , Chen Jinhang , Bets Ksenia V. , Salvatierra Rodrigo V. , Ge Chang , Li John Tianci , Luong Duy Xuan , Kittrell Carter , Wang Zicheng , McHugh Emily A. , Gao Guanhui , Deng Bing , Han Yimo , Yakobson Boris I. , Tour James M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEffective recycling of end-of-life Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential due to continuous accumulation of battery waste and gradual depletion of battery metal resources. The present closed-loop solutions include destructive conversion to metal compounds, by destroying the entire three-dimensional morphology of the cathode through continuous thermal treatment or harsh wet extraction methods, and direct regeneration by lithium replenishment. Here, we report a solvent- and water-free flash Joule heating (FJH) method combined with magnetic separation to restore fresh cathodes from waste cathodes, followed by solid-state relithiation. The entire process is called flash recycling. This FJH method exhibits the merits of milliseconds of duration and high battery metal recovery yields of ~98%. After FJH, the cathodes reveal intact core structures with hierarchical features, implying the feasibility of their reconstituting into new cathodes. Relithiated cathodes are further used in LIBs, and show good electrochemical performance, comparable to new commercial counterparts. Life-cycle-analysis highlights that flash recycling has higher environmental and economic benefits over traditional destructive recycling processes.
NMNAT2 is a druggable target to drive neuronal NAD production
Authors: Tribble James R. , Jöe Melissa , Varricchio Carmine , Otmani Amin , Canovai Alessio , Habchi Baninia , Daskalakis Evangelia , Chaleckis Romanas , Loreto Andrea , Gilley Jonathan , Wheelock Craig E. , Jóhannesson Gauti , Wong Raymond C. B. , Coleman Michael P. , Brancale Andrea , Williams Pete A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Maintenance of NAD pools is critical for neuronal survival. The capacity to maintain NAD pools declines in neurodegenerative disease. We identify that low NMNAT2, the critical neuronal NAD producing enzyme, drives retinal susceptibility to neurodegenerative insults. As proof of concept, gene therapy over-expressing full length human NMNAT2 is neuroprotective. To pharmacologically target NMNAT2, we identify that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can drive NAD production in neurons through an NMNAT2 and NMN dependent mechanism. We confirm this by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the NAD-salvage pathway. EGCG is neuroprotective in rodent (mixed sex) and human models of retinal neurodegeneration. As EGCG has poor drug-like qualities, we use it as a tool compound to generate novel small molecules which drive neuronal NAD production and provide neuroprotection. This class of NMNAT2 targeted small molecules could have an important therapeutic impact for neurodegenerative disease following further drug development.
Direct synthesis of partially ethoxylated branched polyethylenimine from ethanolamine
Authors: Brodie Claire N. , Goodfellow Alister S. , Andrews Matthew J. , Owen Aniekan E. , Bühl Michael , Kumar Amit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe report here a method to make a branched and partially ethoxylated polyethyleneimine derivative directly from ethanolamine. The polymerization reaction is catalysed by a pincer complex of Earth-abundant metal, manganese, and produces water as the only byproduct. Industrial processes to produce polyethyleneimines involve the transformation of ethanolamine to a highly toxic chemical, aziridine, by an energy-intensive/waste-generating process followed by the ring-opening polymerization of aziridine. The reported method bypasses the need to produce a highly toxic intermediate and presents advantages over the current state-of-the-art. We propose that the polymerization process follows a hydrogen borrowing pathway that involves (a) dehydrogenation of ethanolamine to form 2-aminoacetaldehyde, (b) dehydrative coupling of 2-aminoacetaldehyde with ethanolamine to form an imine derivative, and (c) subsequent hydrogenation of imine derivative to form alkylated amines.
Archaean multi-stage magmatic underplating drove formation of continental nuclei in the North China Craton
Authors: Liu Jin , Palin Richard M. , Mitchell Ross N. , Liu Zhenghong , Zhang Jian , Li Zhongshui , Cheng Changquan , Zhang Hongxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe geodynamic processes that formed Earth’s earliest continents are intensely debated. Particularly, the transformation from ancient crustal nuclei into mature Archaean cratons is unclear, primarily owing to the paucity of well-preserved Eoarchaean–Palaeoarchaean ‘protocrust’. Here, we report a newly identified Palaeoarchaean continental fragment—the Baishanhu nucleus—in northeastern North China Craton. U–Pb geochronology shows that this nucleus preserves five major magmatic events during 3.6–2.5 Ga. Geochemistry and zircon Lu–Hf isotopes reveal ancient 4.2–3.8 Ga mantle extraction ages, as well as later intraplate crustal reworking. Crustal architecture and zircon Hf–O isotopes indicate that proto-North China first formed in a stagnant/squishy lid geodynamic regime characterised by plume-related magmatic underplating. Such cratonic growth and maturation were prerequisites for the emergence of plate tectonics. Finally, these data suggest that North China was part of the Sclavia supercraton and that the Archaean onset of subduction occurred asynchronously worldwide.
Loss-of-function mutations in Keratin 32 gene disrupt skin immune homeostasis in pityriasis rubra pilaris
Authors: Shi Peidian , Chen Wenjie , Lyu Xinxing , Wang Zhenzhen , Li Wenchao , Jia Fengming , Zheng Chunzhi , Liu Tingting , Wang Chuan , Zhang Yuan , Mi Zihao , Sun Yonghu , Chen Xuechao , Chen Shengli , Zhou Guizhi , Liu Yongxia , Lin Yingjie , Bai Fuxiang , Sun Qing , Ogese Monday O. , Yu Qiang , Liu Jianjun , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an inflammatory papulosquamous dermatosis, characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules and erythematous desquamative plaques. The precise pathogenic mechanism underlying PRP remains incompletely understood. Herein, we conduct a case-control study involving a cohort of 102 patients with sporadic PRP and 800 healthy controls of Han Chinese population and identify significant associations (P = 1.73 × 10−6) between PRP and heterozygous mutations in the Keratin 32 gene (KRT32). KRT32 is found to be predominantly localized in basal keratinocytes and exhibits an inhibitory effect on skin inflammation by antagonizing the NF-κB pathway. Mechanistically, KRT32 binds to NEMO, promoting excessive K48-linked polyubiquitination and NEMO degradation, which hinders IKK complex formation. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations in KRT32 among PRP patients result in NF-κB hyperactivation. Importantly, Krt32 knockout mice exhibit a PRP-like dermatitis phenotype, suggesting compromised anti-inflammatory function of keratinocytes in response to external pro-inflammatory stimuli. This study proposes a role for KRT32 in regulating inflammatory immune responses, with damaging variants in KRT32 being an important driver in PRP development. These findings offer insights into the regulation of skin immune homeostasis by keratin and open up the possibility of using KRT32 as a therapeutic target for PRP.
Reconfigurable metamaterial processing units that solve arbitrary linear calculus equations
Authors: Fu Pengyu , Xu Zimeng , Zhou Tiankuang , Li Hao , Wu Jiamin , Dai Qionghai , Li Yue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCalculus equations serve as fundamental frameworks in mathematics, enabling describing an extensive range of natural phenomena and scientific principles, such as thermodynamics and electromagnetics. Analog computing with electromagnetic waves presents an intriguing opportunity to solve calculus equations with unparalleled speed, while facing an inevitable tradeoff in computing density and equation reconfigurability. Here, we propose a reconfigurable metamaterial processing unit (MPU) that solves arbitrary linear calculus equations at a very fast speed. Subwavelength kernels based on inverse-designed pixel metamaterials are used to perform calculus operations on time-domain signals. In addition, feedback mechanisms and reconfigurable components are used to formulate and solve calculus equations with different orders and coefficients. A prototype of this MPU with a compact planar size of 0.93λ0×0.93λ0 (λ0 is the free-space wavelength) is constructed and evaluated in microwave frequencies. Experimental results demonstrate the MPU’s ability to successfully solve arbitrary linear calculus equations. With the merits of compactness, easy integration, reconfigurability, and reusability, the proposed MPU provides a potential route for integrated analog computing with high speed of signal processing.
Adaptative machine vision with microsecond-level accurate perception beyond human retina
Authors: Li Ling , Li Shasha , Wang Wenhai , Zhang Jielian , Sun Yiming , Deng Qunrui , Zheng Tao , Lu Jianting , Gao Wei , Yang Mengmeng , Wang Hanyu , Pan Yuan , Liu Xueting , Yang Yani , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVisual adaptive devices have potential to simplify circuits and algorithms in machine vision systems to adapt and perceive images with varying brightness levels, which is however limited by sluggish adaptation process. Here, the avalanche tuning as feedforward inhibition in bionic two-dimensional (2D) transistor is proposed for fast and high-frequency visual adaptation behavior with microsecond-level accurate perception, the adaptation speed is over 104 times faster than that of human retina and reported bionic sensors. As light intensity changes, the bionic transistor spontaneously switches between avalanche and photoconductive effect, varying responsivity in both magnitude and sign (from 7.6 × 104 to −1 × 103 A/W), thereby achieving ultra-fast scotopic and photopic adaptation process of 108 and 268 μs, respectively. By further combining convolutional neural networks with avalanche-tuned bionic transistor, an adaptative machine vision is achieved with remarkable microsecond-level rapid adaptation capabilities and robust image recognition with over 98% precision in both dim and bright conditions.
An in situ exploration of how Fe/N/C oxygen reduction catalysts evolve during synthesis under pyrolytic conditions
Authors: Yin Shuhu , Yi Hongyuan , Liu Mengli , Yang Jian , Yang Shuangli , Zhang Bin-Wei , Chen Long , Cheng Xiaoyang , Huang Huan , Huang Rui , Jiang Yanxia , Liao Honggang , Sun Shigang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn pursuing cheap and effective oxygen reduction catalysts, the Fe/N/C system emerges as a promising candidate. Nevertheless, the structural transformations of starting materials into Fe- and N-doped carbon catalysts remains poorly characterized under pyrolytic conditions. Here, we explore the evolution of Fe species and track the formation of Fe–N4 site development by employing diverse in-situ diagnostic techniques. In-situ heating microscopy reveals the initial formation of FeOx nanoparticles and subsequent internal migration within the carbon matrix, which stops once FeOx is fully reduced. The migration and decomposition of nanoparticles then leads to carbon layer reconstruction. Experimental and theoretical analysis reveals size-dependent behavior of FeOx where nanoparticles below 7 nm readily release Fe atoms to form Fe–N4 while nanoparticles with sizes >10 nm tend to coalesce and impede Fe–N4 site formation. The work visualizes the pyrolysis process of Fe/N/C materials, providing theoretical guidance for the rational design of catalysts.
Macroscopic homochiral helicoids self-assembled via screw dislocations
Authors: Wu Shengfu , Song Xin , Du Cong , Liu Minghua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChirality is a fundamental property in nature and is widely observed at hierarchical scales from subatomic, molecular, supramolecular to macroscopic and even galaxy. However, the transmission of chirality across different length scales and the expression of homochiral nano/microstructures remain challenging. Herein, we report the formation of macroscopic homochiral helicoids with ten micrometers from enantiomeric pyromellitic diimide-based molecular triangle (PMDI-Δ) and achiral pyrene via a screw dislocation-driven co-self-assembly. Chiral transfer and expression from molecular and supramolecular levels, to the macroscopic helicoids, is continuous and follows the molecular chirality of PMDI-Δ. Furthermore, the screw dislocation and chirality transfer lead to a unidirectional curvature of the helicoids, which exhibit excellent circularly polarized luminescence with large |glum| values up to 0.05. Our results demonstrate the formation of a homochiral macroscopic organic helicoid and function emergence from small molecules via screw dislocations, which deepens our understanding of chiral transfer and expression across different length scales.
Measuring the burden of hundreds of BioBricks defines an evolutionary limit on constructability in synthetic biology
Authors: Radde Noor , Mortensen Genevieve A. , Bhat Diya , Shah Shireen , Clements Joseph J. , Leonard Sean P. , McGuffie Matthew J. , Mishler Dennis M. , Barrick Jeffrey E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEngineered DNA will slow the growth of a host cell if it redirects limiting resources or otherwise interferes with homeostasis. Escape mutants that alleviate this burden can rapidly evolve and take over cell populations, making genetic engineering less reliable and predictable. Synthetic biologists often use genetic parts encoded on plasmids, but their burden is rarely characterized. We measured how 301 BioBrick plasmids affected Escherichia coli growth and found that 59 (19.6%) were burdensome, primarily because they depleted the limited gene expression resources of host cells. Overall, no BioBricks reduced the growth rate of E. coli by >45%, which agreed with a population genetic model that predicts such plasmids should be unclonable. We made this model available online for education (https://barricklab.org/burden-model) and added our burden measurements to the iGEM Registry. Our results establish a fundamental limit on what DNA constructs and genetic modifications can be successfully engineered into cells.
Enabling long-distance hydrogen spillover in nonreducible metal-organic frameworks for catalytic reaction
Authors: Bai Xiao-Jue , Yang Caoyu , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen spillover is an extraordinary effect in heterogeneous catalysis and hydrogen storage, which refers to the surface migration of metal particle-activated hydrogen atoms over the solid supports. Historical studies on this phenomenon have mostly been limited to reducible metal oxides where the long-distance proton-electron coupled migration mechanism has been established, yet the key question remains on how to surmount short-distance and defect-dependent hydrogen migration on nonreducible supports. By demerging hydrogen migration and hydrogenation reaction, here we demonstrate that the hydrogen spillover in nonreducible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be finely modulated by the ligand functional groups or embedded water molecules, enabling significant long-distance (exceed 50 nm) movement of activated hydrogen. Furthermore, using sandwich nanostructured MOFs@Pt@MOFs as catalysts, we achieve highly selective hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes via controllable hydrogen spillover from Pt to MOFs-shell. We anticipate that this work will enhance the understanding of hydrogen spillover and shed light on de novo design of MOFs supported catalysts for many important reactions involving hydrogen.
A solar-driven atmospheric water extractor for off-grid freshwater generation and irrigation
Authors: Yang Kaijie , Pan Tingting , Ferhat Nadia , Felix Alejandra Ibarra , Waller Rebekah E. , Hong Pei-Ying , Vrouwenvelder Johannes S. , Gan Qiaoqiang , Han Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolar-driven atmospheric water extraction (SAWE) is a sustainable technology for decentralized freshwater supply. However, most SAWE systems produce water intermittently due to the cyclic nature, with adoption hindered by complex design requirements or periodic manual operations. Herein, a fully passive SAWE system that can continuously produce freshwater under sunlight is presented. By optimizing the three-dimensional architecture to facilitate spontaneous mass transport and efficient energy utilization, this system can consistently produce 0.65 L m−2 h−1 of freshwater under 1-sun illumination at 90% relative humidity (RH) and functions in arid environments with an RH as low as 40%. We test the practical performance of a scaled-up system in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia over 35 days across two seasons. The system produces 2.0–3.0 L m−2 per day of freshwater during the summer and 1.0–2.8 L m−2 per day of freshwater during the fall, without requiring additional maintenance. Intriguingly, we demonstrate the system’s potential for off-grid irrigation by successfully growing cabbage plants using atmospheric water. This passive SAWE system, harnessing solar energy to continuously extract moisture from air for drinking and irrigation, offers a promising solution to address the intertwined challenges of energy, water, and food supply, particularly for remote and water-scarce regions.
GmAMT2.1/2.2-dependent ammonium nitrogen and metabolites shape rhizosphere microbiome assembly to mitigate cadmium toxicity
Authors: Cai Zhandong , Yu Taobing , Tan Weiyi , Zhou Qianghua , Liu Lingrui , Nian Hai , Lian Tengxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, is negatively associated with plant growth. AMT (ammonium transporter) genes can confer Cd resistance and enhance nitrogen (N) uptake in soybeans. The potential of AMT genes to alleviate Cd toxicity by modulating rhizosphere microbiota remains unkonwn. Here, the rhizosphere microbial taxonomic and metabolic differences in three genotypes, i.e., double knockout and overexpression lines and wild type, were identified. The results showed that GmAMT2.1/2.2 genes could induce soybean to recruit beneficial microorganisms, such as Tumebacillus, Alicyclobacillus, and Penicillium, by altering metabolites. The bacterial, fungal, and cross-kingdom synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) formed by these microorganisms can help soybean resist Cd toxicity. The mechanisms by which SynComs help soybeans resist Cd stress include reducing Cd content, increasing ammonium (NH4+-N) uptake and regulating specific functional genes in soybeans. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for the developing microbial formulations that enhance Cd resistance in sustainable agriculture.
Asymmetries in the Southern Ocean contribution to global heat and carbon uptake
Authors: Williams Richard G. , Meijers Andrew J. S. , Roussenov Vassil M. , Katavouta Anna , Ceppi Paulo , Rosser Jonathan P. , Salvi Pietro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Southern Ocean provides dominant contributions to global ocean heat and carbon uptake, which is widely interpreted as resulting from its unique upwelling and circulation. Here we show a large asymmetry in these contributions, with the Southern Ocean accounting for 83 ± 33% of global heat uptake versus 43 ± 3% of global ocean carbon uptake over the historical period in state-of-the-art climate models. Using single radiative forcing experiments, we demonstrate that this historical asymmetry is due to suppressed heat uptake by northern oceans from enhanced aerosol forcing. In future projections, such as SSP2-4.5 where greenhouse gases increasingly dominate radiative forcing, the Southern Ocean contributions to global heat and carbon uptake become more comparable, 52 ± 5% and 47 ± 4%, respectively. Hence, the past is not a reliable indicator of the future, with the northern oceans becoming important for heat uptake while the Southern Ocean remains important for both heat and carbon uptake.
Bilateral flows and rates of international migration of scholars for 210 countries for the period 1998-2020
Authors: Akbaritabar Aliakbar , Theile Tom , Zagheni Emilio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA lack of comprehensive migration data is a major barrier for understanding the causes and consequences of migration processes, including for specific groups like high-skilled migrants. We leverage large-scale bibliometric data from Scopus and OpenAlex to trace the global movements of scholars. Based on our empirical validations, we develop pre-processing steps and offer best practices for the measurement and identification of migration events. We have prepared a publicly accessible dataset that shows a high level of correlation between the counts of scholars in Scopus and OpenAlex for most countries. Although OpenAlex has more extensive coverage of non-Western countries, the highest correlations with Scopus are observed in Western countries. We share aggregated yearly estimates of international migration rates and of bilateral flows for 210 countries and areas worldwide for the period 1998–2020 and describe the data structure and usage notes. We expect that the publicly shared dataset will enable researchers to further study the causes and the consequences of migration of scholars to forecast the future mobility of academic talent worldwide.