bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction and GC-MS Analysis of Oil from Red Potato Peels (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Orodu Victor Enearepuadoh , Akpophre Honest 
Published: February 2025

Extraction and GC-MS analysis of oil from red potato peel was carried out. The potato used for this research work was obtained from the Amassoma market, Southern Ijaw, Bayelsa State. The potatoes were washed severally with water and peeled. The peels were sun-dried for three (3) days and then pulverized to powder with a grinding engine to increase the surface area. 250 g of the pulverized sample was weighed into a brown bottle, and 900 mL of n-hexane was added and allowed to macerate for 72 hours.
The solvent was evaporated at room temperature (250°C) to get the oil. 18 components were detected by the GC. The mass spectrometer identified the structure and names of the compounds. The compounds found are 2-ethyl-1,4-dimethy benzene 1.094 %, bicyclo [4.4.0] decan %, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybnezaldehyde 10.715 %, 1-hexadecanyl-4-methybenzylsulfonate 5.825 %, 2-heptadecanl 3.0045 %, N-hexadecanoic acid 27.124 %, Z-8 heptadecene 4.090 %, 2-heptadecenal 7.516 %, tricyclo [4.3.1.1(3.8) undecan-3-1ol 2.9962 % , oleic acid 20.199 %, linolenic acid 3.062 %, 2-Methylhexacosane 2.488%, Cholestero acetate 0.863 %, 5-cholestine-3-ol-2methy 1.982% and 4-(2-methylpropxyphenyl)-2-methylpropylpenoate 3.067%. From the result, it can be said that red potato oil has both pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses.
Impact of Media Content on the Moral Construct of Youth: A Study at Tamale Technical University
Authors: Mohammed Hudu , Arhin Ebenezer Tawiah , Amidu Abdul Hamid , Nambyn Caleb Nurideen , Abdallah Sualihu , Sapio Saadatu , Kumah Rejoyce 
Published: February 2025

Aims: The availability of the mass media and the potential broad use of them are two of the key factors that can shape and distort the morality and behavioral nature of people within a territorial space depending on their exposure to its positive or negative aspects. This article identified the influence of social media on the behavior of students, the role of media content in promoting social vices, and the programs most cherished by the youth in the media.
Study Design: The study employed a cross-sectional design.
Place and Duration of Study: Tamale Technical University, between November 2023 and December 2024.
Methodology: We chose a sample size of 240 students using the stratified sampling technique. Data was obtained solely from primary sources using a structured questionnaire as the data collection instrument. We analyzed the data using a combination of frequency counts and simple percentages. We employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to model the factors that influenced youth to become addicted to profane media content.
Results: The most preferred genre among students is football, at 49.5%, followed by news, 12.5%, and comedy, 10%. WhatsApp, at 43%, is the most preferred platform among 73% subscribers of streaming services. As far as content preference goes, adult content is the most preferred at 44.5%, followed by movies at 34%, while web series is the least preferred at 4% only.
Conclusion: The study concluded that football is the most favored genre among students who watch television daily. The study concludes that media content significantly contributes to the promotion of social vices. The study recommends that media regulatory boards should implement stricter regulations to monitor and control the broadcast of explicit and harmful media content, particularly on streaming platforms and television.
Hip Fracture Risk Assessment Tools for Adults Aged 80 Years and Older
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E. , Schousboe John T. , Crandall Carolyn J. , Leslie William D. , Fink Howard A. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Kado Deborah M. , Lane Nancy E. , Cauley Jane A. , Langsetmo Lisa 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceWhile adults aged 80 years and older account for 70% of hip fractures in the US, performance of fracture risk assessment tools in this population is uncertain.ObjectiveTo compare performance of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator, and femoral neck bone mineral density (FNBMD) alone in 5-year hip fracture prediction.Design, Setting and ParticipantsPrognostic analysis of 3 prospective cohort studies including participants attending an index examination (1997 to 2016) at age 80 years or older. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to April 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParticipants contacted every 4 or 6 months after index examination to ascertain incident hip fractures and vital status. Predicted 5-year hip fracture probabilities calculated using FRAX and Garvan models incorporating FNBMD and FNBMD alone. Model discrimination assessed by area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Model calibration assessed by comparing observed vs predicted hip fracture probabilities within predicted risk quintiles.ResultsA total of 8890 participants were included, with a mean (SD) age at index examination of 82.6 (2.7) years; 4906 participants (55.2%) were women, 866 (9.7%) were Black, 7836 (88.1%) were White, and 188 (2.1%) were other races and ethnicities. During 5-year follow-up, 321 women (6.5%) and 123 men (3.1%) experienced a hip fracture; 818 women (16.7%) and 921 men (23.1%) died before hip fracture. Among women, AUC was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.67-0.72) for FRAX, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.66-0.72) for Garvan, and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.69-0.75) for FNBMD alone (FNBMD superior to FRAX, P = .01; and Garvan, P = .01). Among men, AUC was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.66-0.75) for FRAX, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72-0.81) for Garvan, and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.72-0.81) for FNBMD alone (P &amp;lt; .001 Garvan and FNBMD alone superior to FRAX). Among both sexes, Garvan greatly overestimated hip fracture risk among individuals in upper quintiles of predicted risk, while FRAX modestly underestimated risk among those in intermediate quintiles of predicted risk.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prognostic study of adults aged 80 years and older, FRAX and Garvan tools incorporating FNBMD compared with FNBMD alone did not improve 5-year hip fracture discrimination. FRAX modestly underpredicted observed hip fracture probability in intermediate-risk individuals. Garvan markedly overpredicted observed hip fracture probability in high-risk individuals. Until better prediction tools are available, clinicians should prioritize consideration of hip BMD, life expectancy, and patient preferences in decision-making regarding drug treatment initiation for hip fracture prevention in late-life adults.
Graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai
Authors: Harris Edward M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

After the restoration of the democracy in 403/2
bce
, the Athenians made a distinction between decrees (
psephismata
) and laws (
nomoi
). Proposals for new laws were enacted by the
nomothetai
, who were a special session of the Assembly summoned for this purpose. If the proposal was contrary to any existing law, the existing law had to be indicted and annulled in court before the proposal could be enacted. The legal procedure used in this case was the “public procedure against proposing an inappropriate law” (
graphe nomon me epitedeion theinai
).
Ipsos (Ipsus)
Authors: Wheatley Pat , Dunn Charlotte 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ipsos refers to the decisive battle of Ipsos, which took place in central Phrygia in 301
bce
, after a coalition of Successors formed to remove Antigonos I Monophthalmos and his son Demetrios I Poliorketes from power. The coalition was victorious, carving up much of the Antigonid kingdom. Although Antigonos lost his life in the fighting, his son Demetrios was able to flee and remained a powerful force to be reckoned with. Demetrios eventually recovered his fortunes and became king of the Macedonians.
Sosibios (Sosibius)
Authors: Lanciers Eddy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Sosibios was an important political figure in Ptolemaic Egypt. Under Ptolemy III he acted as minister of finance (
dioiketes
) and under Ptolemy IV he controlled internal and external policy in Egypt as a kind of “prime minister,” sharing this position with Agathokles. He died shortly after the accession of Ptolemy V.
Ethnicity, Egypt
Authors: Smith Stuart Tyson 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ethnicity acted in complex ways in ancient Egypt, playing out differently in various social contexts. Ethnicity is usually characterized as unchanging, a group identity acquired at birth, but is in fact surprisingly mutable and socially contingent. Informed by practice theory and adopting a multi scalar approach, this paper discusses ancient Egyptian constructions of ethnic identity reflected in texts, art, and the everyday practices revealed by archaeology. A nuanced study along these lines documents how negative representations of self and “other” in the state ideology contrast with more positive and affirmative assertions of ethnic identity revealed in art and archaeology.
Tamga
Authors: Kendall Richard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tamgas are an abstract system of signs found in various contexts in the nomadic communities of the Eurasian steppe, introduced in antiquity by the culture associated with the Sarmatians, and in use to the present day. They descend from the practice of animal branding but in use are found in a variety of religious, funerary, and military contexts, complicating attempts to ascertain a singular meaning across their various occurrences.
Thule, literary accounts of
Authors: Moore Ralph 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Thule (Θούλε, Thyle, Tyle) is a term variously used by Greek and Roman authors to describe a mysterious island landmass in the ocean north of Europe and was widely considered to be the most remote part of the known world. The exact location and nature of Thule was a matter of dispute amongst ancient scholars and remains one amongst contemporary academics. It is likely that the name was used to refer to multiple different islands and locations by different ancient writers.
Anion Bulk Doping of Organic Single‐Crystalline Thin Films for Performance Enhancement of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Dong Anyi , Deng Wei , Wang Yongji , Shi Xinmin , Sheng Fangming , Yin Yulong , Ren Xiaobin , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiujuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChemical doping is a powerful way to enhance the electrical performance of organic electronics. To avoid perturbing the ordered molecular packing of organic semiconducting hosts, molecular dopants are deposited on the surface of highly crystalline organic semiconductor thin films. However, such surface doping protocols not only limit charge‐transfer efficiency but also cause dopant diffusion problems, which significantly reduce charge carrier mobility and device stability. Here, an innovative anion bulk doping strategy is reported that allows effective doping of organic single‐crystalline films (OSCFs) without disrupting molecular ordering to improve the performance of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). This method is mediated by anion dopants and can be pictured as an effective charge transfer of dopants with organic semiconductors in liquid phase. The direct introduction of dopant anions overcomes limitations of partial charge transfer while avoiding interference from dopant aggregation with crystallization. Using this method, the average carrier mobility of the OSCFs is boosted by ≈2.5 times. Significantly, low‐voltage OFETs developed from anion‐doped OSCFs exhibit a near‐ideal subthreshold swing of 59.2 mV dec−1 and unparalleled mobility as high as 19.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 together with excellent stability. The concept of anion doping opens new avenues for improving the electrical performance of organic electronics.
Unraveling the Presence and Positions of Nitrogen Defects in Defective g‐C3N4 for Improved Organic Photocatalytic Degradation: Insights from Experiments and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Xiaochuan , Kamali Mohammadreza , Rossi Barbara , Appels Lise , Dewil Raf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, nitrogen‐defective g‐C3N4 with different nitrogen defect densities is synthesized for ciprofloxacin photocatalytic degradation. Compared with pristine g‐C3N4, g‐C3N4 etched with NaBH4 for 1 h exhibits an approximately ten‐fold increase in the rate constant of ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The combined experimental analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that nitrogen defects can be incorporated into g‐C3N4 in all nitrogen sites and that C─N═C is the most susceptible site. By incorporating nitrogen defects to induce defect states between the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB), the electronic and band structures are tuned. The induced defect states can be downshifted to approach the valance band, reaching increased nitrogen defect density within optimum ranges to accommodate excited electrons to narrow the bandgap, extend the light absorption capability, and enhance the charge carrier separation and transfer efficiency. The g‐C3N4 etched by NaBH4 for 2 h with over‐introduced nitrogen defects exhibits a declined performance due to a deteriorated structure, and the over‐downshifted defect states turn out to be a new recombination center for charge carriers.
Localized and Limited‐Dispersive Delivery of Thermal Stimuli to Liquid Crystal Oligomer Networks Through Radio‐Frequency Media
Authors: Astam Mert O. , Verheesen Demian , Lyu Pengrong , Weima Samuël A.M. , Liu Danqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWireless energy transmission (WET) promises to enhance device mobility through selective and untethered energy delivery. In this paper, WET principles are harnessed to directly and non‐dispersively transfer thermal stimuli to designated areas within thermally‐responsive liquid crystal oligomer networks (LCONs). For this, a conductive coil receiver within the LCON as a remote stimuli source is embedded. Upon activation by radio‐frequency WET, targeted Joule heating occurs and the low thermal conductivity of LCONs causes retention of delivered stimulus at the receiver, generating temperature differences of up to 45 °C within the host LCON. This enables localized LCON actuation and self‐regulated oscillations with a natural frequency of ≈0.027 Hz. WET selectivity is further demonstrated within self‐pressing buttons for keyboards, where actuation only in designated areas is required for operation. The work is envisioned to contribute toward remote material‐based logic for hybrid circuit designs for medical, soft robotic, and haptic applications.
Nitric Oxide‐Actuated Titanium Dioxide Janus Nanoparticles for Enhanced Multimodal Disruption of Infectious Biofilms
Authors: Zhao Weichen , Ding Qihang , Zhou Bingshuai , Liu Jia , Shi Yujia , Liu Chengyu , Li Chunyan , Dong Biao , Qi Manlin , Kim Jong Seung , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) is promising for combating deep‐seated infectious diseases by generating substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the profound tissue penetration capabilities of ultrasound. However, the compact protective structures of bacterial biofilms present a formidable challenge, impeding ROS efficacy. Given that ROS have a limited diffusion range and current sonosensitizers struggle to infiltrate biofilms, complete eradication of pathogenic bacteria often remains unachieved. In this study, mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are engineered asymmetrically coated with a thin layer of Ag and loaded with L‐arginine (LA) to construct ultrasound‐propelled nanomotors. These Ag‐TiO2‐LA Janus nanoparticles demonstrate robust self‐propulsion upon ultrasonic activation, allowing for deeper penetration into biofilm matrices and enhancing localized biofilm disruption through improved SDT outcomes. Additionally, the incorporation of Ag not only broadens TiO2’s absorption spectrum but also confers photothermal capabilities upon NIR laser excitation at 808 nm. The Ag‐TiO2‐LA nanomotor amalgamates TiO2’s sonodynamic potential with Ag's photothermal properties, forging a versatile antimicrobial agent capable of efficient biofilm penetration and a synergistic antibacterial effect when subjected to dual NIR and ultrasound stimuli. This innovative, singularly‐structured nanoparticle stands out as an effective combatant against bacterial biofilms and accelerates the healing process of infected wounds, showcasing potential for multifaceted clinical applications.
FR2/mmWave, N258 and N261 Bands, 5G Frequency‐Compatible Ultra‐Thin Metamaterial Absorber with Polarization Insensitivity for EMI shielding Applications
Authors: Teber Ahmet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince adopting 5G technology, a notable rise in the prevalence of electromagnetic (EM) waves in the environment has become a significant concern. To reduce EM interference, broadband metamaterial absorbers offer an alternative solution for protecting devices in defense, communication, and healthcare applications, unlike their narrowband counterparts. This article presents a numerical investigation of an ultra‐thin, polarization‐insensitive metamaterial absorber (MMA) that uses metasurfaces and provides electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction, covering the FR2/mmWave licensed N258 and N261 bands with an oblique incidence angle of up to 15 degrees. Comprehensive simulations are performed within the CST Studio Suite S2 2023 to examine the absorber's performance. Under normal incidence, the proposed MMA exhibits a wideband absorbency response exceeding 90% within the frequency range of 24.30–28.12 GHz. Moreover, the physical absorption mechanism is explained with electric and magnetic field distributions, including surface current distributions. Confirmation of the lack of mutual interaction among neighboring unit cells is established through testing with 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 arrays. An equivalent circuit model is also developed to confirm the EM simulation findings. The notable features of the proposed MMA make it an exceptional candidate for EM shielding applications, providing EMI reduction and covering the N258 and N261 bands.
GaN Nano Air Channel Diodes: Enabling High Rectification Ratio and Neutron Robust Radiation Operation
Authors: Wei Yazhou , Chen Feiliang , Zhang Yu , Huang Ruihan , Zhao Haiquan , Li Mo , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNano air channel transistors (NACTs) provide numerous advantages over traditional silicon devices, including faster switching speeds, higher operating frequencies, and enhanced radiation hardness attributable to the ballistic transport of electrons. In the development of field‐emission‐based integrated circuits, low‐power consumption rectifying nano air channel diodes (NACDs) play a crucial role. However, achieving rectification characteristics in NACDs is challenging due to their structural and material symmetry. This paper proposes a vertical GaN NACD with a consistent nano air channel fabricated using IC‐compatible processes. The GaN NACD exhibits an exceptionally low turn‐on voltage of 0.3 V while delivering a high output current of 5.02 mA at 3 V. Notably, it demonstrates a high rectification ratio of up to 2.2 × 105, attributing to significant work function disparities within the GaN‐Au structure, coupled with the reduction of Au surface roughness to minimize reverse current. Furthermore, the junction‐free structure and superior material properties of GaN enable the NACD to be suitable for use in radiation‐rich environments. With its potential as a fundamental component of ultrafast and ultrahigh‐frequency integrated circuits, this intriguing and cost‐effective rectifying diode is anticipated to garner widespread interest within the electronics community.
State‐specific Regulation of Electrical Stimulation in the Intralaminar Thalamus of Macaque Monkeys: Network and Transcriptional Insights into Arousal
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Huang Yichun , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Jiahui , Yang Yi , Lv Longbao , Wang Jianhong , Wang Meiyun , Wang Yingwei , Wang Zheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLong‐range thalamocortical communication is central to anesthesia‐induced loss of consciousness and its reversal. However, isolating the specific neural networks connecting thalamic nuclei with various cortical regions for state‐specific anesthesia regulation is challenging, with the biological underpinnings still largely unknown. Here, simultaneous electroencephalogram‐fuctional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) and deep brain stimulation are applied to the intralaminar thalamus in macaques under finely‐tuned propofol anesthesia. This approach led to the identification of an intralaminar‐driven network responsible for rapid arousal during slow‐wave oscillations. A network‐based RNA‐sequencing analysis is conducted of region‐, layer‐, and cell‐specific gene expression data from independent transcriptomic atlases and identifies 2489 genes preferentially expressed within this arousal network, notably enriched in potassium channels and excitatory, parvalbumin‐expressing neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Comparison with human RNA‐sequencing data highlights conserved molecular and cellular architectures that enable the matching of homologous genes, protein interactions, and cell types across primates, providing novel insight into network‐focused transcriptional signatures of arousal.
Quasi‐1D Conductive Network Composites for Ultra‐Sensitive Strain Sensing
Authors: Gao Zhiyi , Xu Dan , Li Shengbin , Zhang Dongdong , Xiang Ziyin , Zhang Haifeng , Wu Yuanzhao , Liu Yiwei , Shang Jie , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHighly performance flexible strain sensor is a crucial component for wearable devices, human‐machine interfaces, and e‐skins. However, the sensitivity of the strain sensor is highly limited by the strain range for large destruction of the conductive network. Here the quasi‐1D conductive network (QCN) is proposed for the design of an ultra‐sensitive strain sensor. The orientation of the conductive particles can effectively reduce the number of redundant percolative pathways in the conductive composites. The maximum sensitivity will reach the upper limit when the whole composite remains only “one” percolation pathway. Besides, the QCN structure can also confine the tunnel electron spread through the rigid inclusions which significantly enlarges the strain‐resistance effect along the tensile direction. The strain sensor exhibits state‐of‐art performance including large gauge factor (862227), fast response time (24 ms), good durability (cycled 1000 times), and multi‐mechanical sensing ability (compression, bending, shearing, air flow vibration, etc.). Finally, the QCN sensor can be exploited to realize the human‐machine interface (HMI) application of acoustic signal recognition (instrument calibration) and spectrum restoration (voice parsing).