bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-research payments to board-certified cardiologists from pharmaceutical industry in Japan from 2016 to 2019: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Murayama Anju , Higuchi Kenichi , Senoo Yuki 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the extent and trends of personal payments from pharmaceutical companies to cardiologists board-certified by the Japanese Circulation Society.DesignA retrospective analysis study using data from a publicly available database.SettingThe study focused on payments to cardiologists in Japan.ParticipantsAll 15 048 cardiologists who were board-certified by the Japanese Circulation Society as of 2021.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the extent of personal payments to cardiologists in 2016–19. Secondary outcomes included the analysis of trends in these payments over the same period.ResultsOf all 15 048 board-certified cardiologists, 9858 (65.5%) received personal payments totaling $112 934 503 entailing 165 013 transactions in 2016–19. The median payment per cardiologist was $2947 (IQR, $1022–$8787), with a mean of $11 456 (SD, $35 876). The Gini Index was 0.840, indicating a high concentration of payments to a small number of cardiologists. The top 1%, 5% and 10% of cardiologists received 31.6%, 59.4% and 73.5% of all payments, respectively. There were no significant trends in the number of cardiologists receiving payments or number of payments per cardiologist during the study period.ConclusionsMore than 65% of Japanese cardiologists received personal payments from pharmaceutical companies over the 4-year study period. Although the payment amount was relatively small for the majority of cardiologists, a small number of cardiologists received the vast majority of the payments.
A real-world data analysis of electronic health records to investigate the associations of predominant negative symptoms with healthcare resource utilisation, costs and treatment patterns among patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Patel Rashmi , Dembek Carole , Won Yida , Kadakia Aditi , Huang Xueyan , Zeni Courtney , Pikalov Andrei 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesNegative symptoms in schizophrenia are associated with significant illness burden. We sought to investigate clinical outcomes for patients with schizophrenia who present with predominant negative symptoms (PNS) vs without PNS.DesignRetrospective analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data.Setting25 US providers of mental healthcare.Participants4444 adults with schizophrenia receiving care between 1999 and 2020.ExposurePNS defined as ≥3 negative symptoms and ≤3 positive symptoms recorded in EHR data at the time of the first recorded schizophrenia diagnosis (index date). Symptom data were ascertained using natural language processing applied to semistructured free text records documenting the mental state examination. A matched sample (1:1) of patients without PNS was used to compare outcomes. Follow-up data were obtained up to 12 months following the index date.Primary outcome measureMean number of psychiatric hospital admissions.Secondary outcome measuresMean number of outpatient visits, estimated treatment costs, Clinical Global Impression – Severity score and antipsychotic treatments (12 months before and after index date).Results360 (8%) patients had PNS and 4084 (92%) did not have PNS. Patients with PNS were younger (36.4 vs 39.7 years, p<0.001) with a greater prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (schizoaffective disorders: 25.0 vs 18.4%, p=0.003; major depressive disorder: 17.8 vs 9.8%, p<0.001). During follow-up, patients with PNS had fewer days with an antipsychotic prescription (mean=111.8 vs 140.9 days, p<0.001). Compared with matched patients without PNS, patients with PNS were more likely to have a psychiatric inpatient hospitalisation (76.1% vs 59.7%, p<0.001) and had greater estimated inpatient costs ($16 893 vs $13 732, p=0.04).ConclusionsPatients with PNS were younger and presented with greater illness severity and more psychiatric comorbidities compared with patients without PNS. Our findings highlight an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches to address negative symptoms to improve clinical outcomes.
Latent profile analysis of mindful self-care and associations with mental health among nurses in China
Authors: Yang Zhongfu , Zhou Yehong , Wan Weiwei , Li Mingdan , Yan Weiping , Jiang Hu 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundDespite the crucial role of mindfulness and self-care in nurses’ physical and mental health, as well as their professional well-being, most nurses exhibit low levels of self-care. Moreover, there is a lack of understanding of the diverse subgroups of mindful self-care among nurses.ObjectivesThe present study delved into the diverse groups of mindful self-care among nurses and investigated the correlation between these groups and their mental health.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to select nurses from Guizhou province, China, from August to September 2023. A total of 1020 nurses were investigated, and 1001 questionnaires were included, for an effective return rate of 98.1%. The demographic characteristics questionnaire, Chinese version of the Brief Mindful Self-Care Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Perceived Stress Scale were used. Latent profile analysis was performed on the characteristics of nurses’ mindful self-care, and the correlations between the latent profiles, demographic characteristics and mental well-being were identified using chi-square tests, Spearman correlation analyses and non-parametric tests.ResultsA total of 1001 nurses were included, and they were divided into four heterogeneous subgroups: the Inconsistent Mindful Self-Care Group (4.40%), Balanced Development Group (43.36%), Moderate Mindful Self-Care Group (39.36%), and High Mindful Self-Care Group (12.89%). Results of single factor analysis showed that the nurses’ department and average monthly income were the factors influencing the potential profiles. Mindful self-care negatively correlated with anxiety and depression but was not correlated with perceived stress. There were significant differences in perceived stress, anxiety and depression between different mindful self-care groups.ConclusionThe present study used latent profile analysis to identify four distinct subgroups of hospital nurses based on their mindful self-care and revealed varying levels of anxiety, depression and perceived stress between groups. These results emphasise the need for tailored mindful self-care strategies to promote nurses’ well-being.
Work-related road traffic accidents: emergence of new modes of personal journey – analysis based on data from a register of road traffic accidents in France
Authors: Fort Emmanuel , Connesson Nicolas , Brière Julien , Ndiaye Amina , Gadegbeku Blandine , Charbotel Barbara 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAccording to the 2018–2019 People Mobility Survey, work-related journeys (commuting and on-duty journeys) account for approximately 25% of all journeys. The use of non-motorised (nm) and motorised (m) personal mobility devices (PMDs) has steadily increased since their introduction into the French market in the last decade.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the characteristics of work-related road accidents and their evolution since the introduction of new PMDs in France and the increase in the use of scooters.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using data from the Rhône Road Trauma Registry. Data were collected from 2015 to 2020. We included the data for the victims aged 18–70 years who were injured in work-related road accidents.ResultsWe identified 11 296 individuals aged 18–70 years who experienced work-related road accidents. An injury report was provided for a total of 11 277 patients. A total of 546 passengers and 78 drivers of other motorised vehicles (buses/trams, construction equipment and tractors) were excluded from the analysis. Seven patients died at the time of the accident and seven died after hospitalisation. Of the 10 653 (94.4%) victims, there were pedestrians (5.1%) or riders of bicycles (16.9%), scooters (3.8%), other PMDs (roller blades, skateboards, monowheels, gyropods and hoverboards; 0.4%) and motorised two wheelers (21.4%), or drivers of car (45.3%), and truck (1.5%). More than half of the scooter riders and 80% of other PMD riders were men. More than 60% of other PMD riders and 53% of scooter riders were under 34 years of age. Most scooter road accidents occurred during commuting (95.6%). 65% of the scooter accidents and 50% of other PMD accidents did not have opponents. Overall, one-quarter of the victims experienced accidents without opponents. Most scooter riders had injuries to their upper limbs (59.2%), lower limbs (46.8%), face (21.2%) or head (17.9%).DiscussionThis original study on work-related road accidents allowed us to characterise the increase in work-related road accidents associated with new modes of travel, particularly scooters. The results observed for users of scooters and other PMDs in this study were generally consistent with those found in the scientific literature. Despite limited data, the results suggest that accidents involving scooters or other PMDs are of low severity.ConclusionMany head injuries could be prevented with more widespread use of helmets, among scooter and other PMD users and bicycle users.
Mycoplasma genitaliumtreatment outcomes among a cohort failing macrolide resistance-guided treatment across three London sexual health clinics
Authors: Johnson Kate , Buluwela Ella , McDonald Gemma , Golden John , Dickinson Molly , Jones Rachael , Girometti Nicolo , Jagjitsingh Gurmit , Rayment Michael 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveBritish guidelines advise treatment ofMycoplasma genitalium(Mgen) infection using the results of macrolide resistance-associated mutation (MRAM) assays. Limited data informs management when patients fail MRAM-guided treatment. This study evaluates current management strategies employed for cases ofMgeninfection with MRAM-guided treatment failure.DesignThis retrospective analysis reviewed laboratory and clinical data pertaining to all positiveMgenresults between 28 May 2020 and 05 November 2022 across three London sexual health clinics. Treatment failure was defined as microbiological or clinical failure, despite appropriate MRAM-guided treatment with full compliance and no re-infection risk. Where MRAM status was unable to be determined, samples were excluded.Results340 samples were included from mostly male (74.4%) patients with a mean age of 30 years. The majority of tests were sent for urethritis (63.8%), and most infections were present without concurrent STIs (83.5%). 183 (53.8%) samples were MRAM positive; 157 (46.1%) were wild type. 152/183 (83.1%) received MRAM-guided treatment. 49/152 (32.2%) cases of MRAM-guided treatment failure were identified. 32/49 (65.3%) achieved either microbiological or clinical cure through a variety of treatment regimens. 66.6% of nine patients who received pristinamycin achieved microbiological cure; two patients were cured by minocycline. Many patients received multiple courses of moxifloxacin despite previous failures.ConclusionWhilst high compliance with recommended MRAM-guided therapy was identified, there were also high rates of quinolone therapy failure (32.2%). Barriers to appropriate treatment include a lack of quinolone resistance assays and the non-availability of sitafloxacin in Europe, along with the limited availability of pristinamycin and minocycline in the UK during the study dates. We recommend developing a standardised management pathway for treatment resistant cases.
High early mortality after percutaneous liver biopsy in metastatic cancer: national analysis
Authors: King Dominic Stephen , Coupland Benjamin , Mytton Jemma , Speakman John , Lock Anna , Sanyal Nikhil , Nelms Louisa , Rayner Sophie , Nanton Veronica , Dosanjh Amandeep , Patel Prashant , Trudgill Nigel 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess outcomes in patients undergoing liver biopsy for metastatic cancer, focusing on mortality rates and chemotherapy following their biopsy.MethodsHospital Episode Statistics data from 2010 to 2019 identified 30 992 patients with metastatic cancer who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy. Primary outcomes included 14-day and 30-day mortality rates, as well as the proportion receiving chemotherapy within 6 months.Results30 992 patients were studied (median age of 69 (IQR 59–74) years, 52% female). 28% underwent inpatient biopsy with 8% dying within 14 days and 26% within 30 days. Outpatient biopsies had lower mortality rates: 2.2% at 14 days and 8.6% at 30 days.30-day mortality was associated with: inpatient biopsy (OR 3.5 (95% CI 3.26 to 3.76)) and increasing comorbidity (Charlson score 1–4: 1.21 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.32)); but negatively with all ages under 70 (eg, for 18–29 years 0.35 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.63)) and biopsy at a radiotherapy centre (0.88 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.95)).46% of patients received chemotherapy within 6 months of biopsy (53% with outpatient biopsies but only 33% with inpatient biopsies). Receiving chemotherapy was associated with: all ages under 70 (eg, 18–29 years 3.3 (95% CI 2.62 to 5.30)), female sex (1.06 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.11)) and medium (1.13 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.22) and high (1.49 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.62)) volume liver biopsy providers; but negatively with inpatient biopsy (0.45 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.48)) and increasing comorbidity (Charlson score 1–4: 0.85 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.91)).ConclusionsMortality rates following liver biopsy for metastatic cancer are notably higher among patients undergoing emergency inpatient procedures. Clinicians should carefully weigh the risks and benefits of biopsy in elderly, comorbid or poor performance status patients. Multidisciplinary approaches involving palliative care may aid in decision-making for these patients.
Patient Perceptions and Knowledge Surrounding Pregnancy After Heart Transplantation: A Multicenter Study
Authors: DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Donald Elena M. , Hoffman Karlee , Flores Rosario Karen , Agarwal Richa , Shapiro Hilary , Hong Kimberly N. , Khush Kiran K. , Punnoose Lynn , Kittleson Michelle M. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
More women of childbearing age are surviving after heart transplantation (HT), many of whom have a desire to become pregnant. Limited data exist evaluating patients’ perspectives, receipt of counseling, and knowledge surrounding contraception, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and medication safety after HT.

METHODS:
We conducted a voluntary, confidential, web-based cross-sectional survey of women who were childbearing age (defined as 18–45 years) at the time of HT. Transplants occurred between January 2005 and January 2020. Surveys were conducted across 6 high-volume HT centers in the United States.

RESULTS:
There were 64 responses from women who were of childbearing age at the time of HT. Twenty-five women (39.1%) were pregnant before HT, and 6 (9.4%) women reported at least 1 pregnancy post-transplant. Fifty-three percent (n=34) reported they did not receive enough information on post-HT pregnancy before listing for HT, and 26% (n=16) did not discuss their ability to become pregnant with their care team before proceeding with HT. Following HT, 44% (n=28) still felt that they had not received enough information regarding pregnancy. The majority of women (n=49, 77%) had discussed contraception to prevent unplanned pregnancy with their transplant team. Twenty percent (n=13) reported that pregnancy was never safe after transplantation based on the information they had received from their transplant providers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many women feel they are not receiving adequate counseling with regard to posttransplant reproductive health. This survey highlights an opportunity to improve both provider education and patient communication to better support women with HT desiring posttransplant pregnancy.
Stacking models of brain dynamics to improve prediction of subject traits in fMRI
Authors: Griffin Ben , Ahrends Christine , Gohil Chetan , Alfaro-Almagro Fidel , Woolrich Mark W. , Smith Stephen M. , Vidaurre Diego 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Beyond structural and time-averaged functional connectivity brain measures, modelling the way brain activity dynamically unfolds can add important information to our understanding and characterisation of individual cognitive traits. One approach to leveraging this information is to extract features from models of brain network dynamics to predict individual traits. However, these predictions are susceptible to variability due to factors such as variation in model estimation induced by the choice of hyperparameters. We suggest that, rather than merely being statistical noise, this variability may be useful in providing complementary information that can be leveraged to improve prediction accuracy. To leverage this variability, we propose the use of stacking, a prediction-driven approach for model selection. Specifically, we combine predictions developed from multiple hidden Markov models—a probabilistic generative model of network dynamics that identifies recurring patterns of brain activity—to demonstrate that stacking can slightly improve the accuracy and robustness of cognitive trait predictions. By comparing analysis from the Human Connectome Project and UK Biobank datasets, we show that stacking is relatively effective at improving prediction accuracy and robustness when there are enough subjects, and that the effectiveness of combining predictions from static and dynamic functional connectivity approaches depends on the length of scan per subject. We also show that the effectiveness of stacking predictions is driven by the accuracy and diversity in the underlying model estimations.
Decision-Oriented Dialogue for Human-AI Collaboration
Authors: Lin Jessy , Tomlin Nicholas , Andreas Jacob , Eisner Jason 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We describe a class of tasks called decision-oriented dialogues, in which AI assistants such as large language models (LMs) must collaborate with one or more humans via natural language to help them make complex decisions. We formalize three domains in which users face everyday decisions: (1) choosing an assignment of reviewers to conference papers, (2) planning a multi-step itinerary in a city, and (3) negotiating travel plans for a group of friends. In each of these settings, AI assistants and users have disparate abilities that they must combine to arrive at the best decision: Assistants can access and process large amounts of information, while users have preferences and constraints external to the system. For each task, we build a dialogue environment where agents receive a reward based on the quality of the final decision they reach. We evaluate LMs in self-play and in collaboration with humans and find that they fall short compared to human assistants, achieving much lower rewards despite engaging in longer dialogues. We highlight a number of challenges models face in decision-oriented dialogues, ranging from goal-directed behavior to reasoning and optimization, and release our environments as a testbed for future work.
Exploring Continual Learning of Compositional Generalization in NLI
Authors: Fu Xiyan , Frank Anette 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Compositional Natural Language Inference (NLI) has been explored to assess the true abilities of neural models to perform NLI. Yet, current evaluations assume models to have full access to all primitive inferences in advance, in contrast to humans that continuously acquire inference knowledge. In this paper, we introduce the Continual Compositional Generalization in Inference (C2Gen NLI) challenge, where a model continuously acquires knowledge of constituting primitive inference tasks as a basis for compositional inferences. We explore how continual learning affects compositional generalization in NLI, by designing a continual learning setup for compositional NLI inference tasks. Our experiments demonstrate that models fail to compositionally generalize in a continual scenario. To address this problem, we first benchmark various continual learning algorithms and verify their efficacy. We then further analyze C2Gen, focusing on how to order primitives and compositional inference types, and examining correlations between subtasks. Our analyses show that by learning subtasks continuously while observing their dependencies and increasing degrees of difficulty, continual learning can enhance composition generalization ability.1
State of What Art? A Call for Multi-Prompt LLM Evaluation
Authors: Mizrahi Moran , Kaplan Guy , Malkin Dan , Dror Rotem , Shahaf Dafna , Stanovsky Gabriel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in LLMs have led to an abundance of evaluation benchmarks, which typically rely on a single instruction template per task. We create a large-scale collection of instruction paraphrases and comprehensively analyze the brittleness introduced by single-prompt evaluations across 6.5M instances, involving 20 different LLMs and 39 tasks from 3 benchmarks. We find that different instruction templates lead to very different performance, both absolute and relative. Instead, we propose a set of diverse metrics on multiple instruction paraphrases, specifically tailored for different use cases (e.g., LLM vs. downstream development), ensuring a more reliable and meaningful assessment of LLM capabilities. We show that our metrics provide new insights into the strengths and limitations of current LLMs.
The Models of Transmission: Early Transmission Narratives of the Taiji tu and the Late Northern Song Intellectual Context
Authors: Ahn Thomas Dongsob 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The claim that Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤 created the Taiji tu 太極圖 has been disputed ever since Zhu Xi proposed so in the twelfth century. Critics who denied Zhou’s authorship have often ascribed the Taiji tu to the recluse Chen Tuan 陳摶, with the ultimate source of this attribution being Zhu Zhen 朱震. All transmission claims are, essentially, myth, and a myth is an answer to the problems of the mythmaker. This article explores such problems that would possibly have troubled Zhu Zhen in the historical context of the late Northern Song intellectual world. An investigation of individuals and works that constituted the world of Book of Changes specialists reveals two dominant models of transmission (chuan 傳) of the Way. Those who preferred an image/number approach to the Book of Changes passed their scholarship down to a highly limited number of pupils; those who cherished a moralist understanding tended to disseminate their knowledge broadly. Zhu Zhen and other Book of Changes masters of the late Northern Song sought to reconcile the two models and one result of their efforts was the unification of the academic genealogies of the two traditions.
Le thé taïwanais à la veille de son âge d’or : De l’exploitation des théiers sauvages aux premières plantations (début XVIIIe - milieu XIXe siècle)
Authors: Chevalérias Philippe 
Published: August 2024

Résumé
Le thé de Formose allait connaître son âge d’or pendant les trois dernières décennies du XIXe siècle grâce à des firmes étrangères qui financèrent de nouvelles plantations sur l’île et y établirent des « tea-hong ». Mais si les hommes d’affaires occidentaux parvinrent à développer aussi rapidement le secteur du thé à Taïwan, c’est parce qu’ils pouvaient s’appuyer sur l’expérience d’immigrés chinois qui exploitaient les théiers sauvages dans les montagnes de Shuishalian 水沙連 au centre de l’île depuis le début du XVIIIe siècle, et qui avaient commencé à planter des théiers dans la région de Taïpei à des fins commerciales quelque part entre le milieu du XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle. Remontant aux sources de l’histoire du thé taïwanais, nous apportons un éclairage sur cette période (début XVIIIe-milieu XIXe siècle) où s’est progressivement formé le socle sur lequel une industrie du thé pourrait finalement prendre racine à Formose dans les années 1860.