bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal of Microsquama subgen. nov. for Nephroselmis pyriformis (Carter) Ettl (Nephroselmidophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Yamaguchi Haruyo , Nakayama Takeshi , Inouye Isao 
Published: June 2013

SummaryA new subgenus, Microsquama, is proposed for Nephroselmis pyriformis based on its phylogenetic position and some ultrastructural characters, such as the absence of large stellate scales. Other species of the genus are classified in the subgenus Nephroselmis.
Modelling Monetary Union in Southern Africa: Welfare Evaluation for the CMA and SADC
Authors: Debrun Xavier , Masson Paul R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a quantitative assessment of the welfare effects arising from the Common Monetary Area (CMA) and an array of broader groupings among Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. Model simulations suggest that (i) participating in the CMA benefits all members; (ii) joining the CMA individually is beneficial for all SADC members except Angola, Mauritius and Tanzania; (iii) creating a symmetric CMA‐wide monetary union with a regional central bank carries some costs in terms of foregone anti‐inflationary credibility; and (iv) SADC‐wide symmetric monetary union continues to be beneficial for all except Mauritius, although the gains for existing CMA members are likely to be limited.
Seeking Opportunities: International Market Selection by European Engineering Consultancies
Authors: Pflanz Kai 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOver the last few decades professional service firms have increasingly expanded their activities beyond national borders and established international offices throughout the world. This paper describes and analyses spatial patterns of internationalisation within the engineering consulting sector. By mapping expansion biographies of European engineering consulting firms and conducting dynamic Cox regression models, external factors influencing international market selection are examined. It is shown that current spatial patterns are only partly shaped by the declining importance of cross‐national distance. Instead, market seeking motivations and the exploitation of time‐critical opportunities appear to be of more significance. Further, changing patterns of market selection are observed.
Roseomonas bacteremia in a recipient of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Al‐Anazi K.A. , AlHashmi H. , Abdalhamid B. , AlSelwi W. , AlSayegh M. , Alzayed A. , Alshibani Z. , AlGarni A. , Al‐Ghanem A. , Hassan H. , AlSagheir A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRoseomonas are pink‐pigmented, oxidative, slowly growing, nonfermentative, gram‐negative coccobacilli whose identification may require extensive biochemical testing and molecular profiling. Roseomonas infections vary in severity and clinical presentation, and they predominantly occur in immunocompromised and chronically ill patients. The organism is generally susceptible to carbapenems and aminoglycosides, but resistant to most of the cephalosporins and broad‐spectrum penicillins. Reported here is a patient with lymphoblastic lymphoma who developed Roseomonas mucosa bacteremia after receiving her hematopoietic stem cell allograft. The bacteremic episode was successfully treated with imipenem and amikacin in addition to removal of the central venous catheter. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Roseomonas bacteremia in a stem cell transplantation recipient.
Unilateral Liberalisation or Trade Agreements: Which Way Forward for the Pacific?
Authors: Mahadevan Renuka , Asafu‐Adjaye John 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEmpirical results show that, for the Pacific island states, a free trade agreement with developed countries provides more benefits followed by regional trade agreement within the Pacific and then unilateral tariff reduction. While the agricultural sector expands and the manufacturing sector declines in all scenarios, to avoid second‐best outcomes, developed countries need to go beyond the provision of aid for trade/development measures. For developing countries, the way forward with regional trade agreements is to carefully sequence them with regard to the different developed countries involved. This must be accompanied by domestic reform which is necessary but not sufficient for long‐term gains.
Automated generation of IMRT treatment plans for prostate cancer patients with metal hip prostheses: Comparison of different planning strategies
Authors: Voet Peter W. J. , Dirkx Maarten L. P. , Breedveld Sebastiaan , Heijmen Ben J. M. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose: To compare IMRT planning strategies for prostate cancer patients with metal hip prostheses.Methods: All plans were generated fully automatically (i.e., no human trial‐and‐error interactions) using iCycle, the authors’ in‐house developed algorithm for multicriterial selection of beam angles and optimization of fluence profiles, allowing objective comparison of planning strategies. For 18 prostate cancer patients (eight with bilateral hip prostheses, ten with a right‐sided unilateral prosthesis), two planning strategies were evaluated: (i) full exclusion of beams containing beamlets that would deliver dose to the target after passing a prosthesis (IMRTremove) and (ii) exclusion of those beamlets only (IMRTcut). Plans with optimized coplanar and noncoplanar beam arrangements were generated. Differences in PTV coverage and sparing of organs at risk (OARs) were quantified. The impact of beam number on plan quality was evaluated.Results:Especially for patients with bilateral hip prostheses, IMRTcut significantly improved rectum and bladder sparing compared to IMRTremove. For 9‐beam coplanar plans, rectum V60Gy reduced by 17.5% ± 15.0% (maximum 37.4%, p = 0.036) and rectum Dmean by 9.4% ± 7.8% (maximum 19.8%, p = 0.036). Further improvements in OAR sparing were achievable by using noncoplanar beam setups, reducing rectum V60Gy by another 4.6% ± 4.9% (p = 0.012) for noncoplanar 9‐beam IMRTcut plans. Large reductions in rectum dose delivery were also observed when increasing the number of beam directions in the plans. For bilateral implants, the rectum V60Gy was 37.3% ± 12.1% for coplanar 7‐beam plans and reduced on average by 13.5% (maximum 30.1%, p = 0.012) for 15 directions.Conclusions:iCycle was able to automatically generate high quality plans for prostate cancer patients with prostheses. Excluding only beamlets that passed through the prostheses (IMRTcut strategy) significantly improved OAR sparing. Noncoplanar beam arrangements and, to a larger extent, increasing the number of treatment beams further improved plan quality.
Synthesizing Parsimonious Inexact Circuits through Probabilistic Design Techniques
Authors: Lingamneni Avinash , Enz Christian , Palem Krishna , Piguet Christian 
Published: June 2013

The domain of
inexact
circuit design, in which accuracy of the circuit can be exchanged for substantial cost (energy, delay, and/or area) savings, has been gathering increasing prominence of late owing to a growing desire for reducing energy consumption of the systems, particularly in the domain of embedded and (portable) multimedia applications. Most of the previous approaches to realizing inexact circuits relied on scaling of circuit parameters (such as supply voltage) taking advantage of an application’s error tolerance to achieve the cost and accuracy trade-offs, thus suffering from acute drawbacks of considerable implementation overheads that significantly reduced the gains. In this article, two novel design approaches called
Probabilistic Pruning
and
Probabilistic Logic Minimization
are proposed to realize inexact circuits with zero hardware overhead.Extensive simulations on various architectures of critical datapath elements demonstrate that each of the techniques can independently achieve normalized gains as large as 2x--9.5x in energy-delay-area product for relative error magnitude as low as 10
− 4%
--8% compared to corresponding conventional correct circuits.
Ultrafiltration in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Jefferies John L. , Bartone Cheryl , Menon Santosh , Egnaczyk Gregory F. , O’Brien Thomas M. , Chung Eugene S. 
Published: June 2013

Background—
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a widely used technology for inpatient management of acute decompensated heart failure in patients with volume overload. However, the safety and efficacy of UF in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [HFPEF]) need further clarification. We hypothesized that UF could be used in this population with outcomes similar to acute decompensated heart failure patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (HFLEF).

Methods and Results—
Prospective evaluation was performed on 2 patient cohorts admitted to a single institution for acute decompensated heart failure and treated with UF: HFLEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%; n=87) and HFPEF (left ventricular ejection fraction >40%; n=97). Selected demographic and clinical data were compared, including clinical and serological information, as well as in-hospital and 90-day postdischarge mortality. HFPEF patients were more likely to be women, have higher blood pressures, and less likely to have ischemic heart disease. There were no significant differences in total weight loss (7.7% in HFLEF and 7.0% in HFPEF), electrolyte and renal disturbances, or in-hospital mortality (3.4% in HFLEF and 3.3% in HFPEF) between the 2 groups. Mortality at 90 days tended to be greater in HFLEF (24.1%) than in HFPEF (15.5%).

Conclusions—
Therapeutic responses in patients with HFPEF meeting current indication for UF are similar to those with HFLEF. Larger studies are warranted to better characterize acute heart failure management with UF in this population.
Multimodal Imaging in Rats Reveals Impaired Neurovascular Coupling in Sustained Hypertension
Authors: Calcinaghi Novella , Wyss Matthias T. , Jolivet Renaud , Singh Anand , Keller Anna L. , Winnik Stephan , Fritschy Jean-Marc , Buck Alfred , Matter Christian M. , Weber Bruno 
Published: June 2013

Background and Purpose—
Arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases, such as transient ischemic attacks or stroke, and represents a major global health issue. The effects of hypertension on cerebral blood flow, particularly at the microvascular level, remain unknown.

Methods—
Using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, we examined cortical hemodynamic responses on whisker stimulation applying a multimodal imaging approach (multiwavelength spectroscopy, laser speckle imaging, and 2-photon microscopy). We assessed the effects of hypertension in 10-, 20-, and 40-week-old male SHRs and age-matched male Wistar Kyoto rats (CTRL) on hemodynamic responses, histology, and biochemical parameters. In 40-week-old animals, losartan or verapamil was administered for 10 weeks to test the reversibility of hypertension-induced impairments.

Results—
Increased arterial blood pressure was associated with a progressive impairment in functional hyperemia in 20- and 40-week-old SHRs; baseline capillary red blood cell velocity was increased in 40-week-old SHRs compared with age-matched CTRLs. Antihypertensive treatment reduced baseline capillary cerebral blood flow almost to CTRL values, whereas functional hyperemic signals did not improve after 10 weeks of drug therapy. Structural analyses of the microvascular network revealed no differences between normo- and hypertensive animals, whereas expression analyses of cerebral lysates showed signs of increased oxidative stress and signs of impaired endothelial homeostasis upon early hypertension.

Conclusions—
Impaired neurovascular coupling in the SHR evolves upon sustained hypertension. Antihypertensive monotherapy using verapamil or losartan is not sufficient to abolish this functional impairment. These deficits in neurovascular coupling in response to sustained hypertension might contribute to accelerate progression of neurodegenerative diseases in chronic hypertension.
Evidence for Citations of 3 Corinthians and Their Influence in the Demonstrations of Aphrahat
Authors: Walters J. Edward 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Aphrahat, the Persian Sage (d. ca. 350 CE), is frequently referenced as a witness for the use of the pseudepigraphic text known as 3 Corinthians as authoritative Scripture in the early Syriac tradition. However, this claim is yet to be fully substantiated by means of a close comparison of the texts in question. The present article offers a textual analysis of Aphrahat’s alleged citations of 3 Cor in order to demonstrate that Aphrahat did in fact cite this text as the authoritative words of Paul. The article also provides broader observations concerning the impact of the language and thought of 3 Cor on Aphrahat’s writings.
Distortion of the Scribal Hand in the Images of Clement’s Letter to Theodore
Authors: Viklund Roger , Paananen Timo S. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article discusses Morton Smith’s famous manuscript find, Clement’s Letter to Theodore (including the so-called Secret Gospel of Mark), and critically assesses Stephen C. Carlson’s study of its handwriting (2005). Carlson’s analysis is found to be wanting due to line screen distortion introduced by the halftone reproduction process in the images he used. We conclude that the script in the manuscript of Clement’s Letter to Theodore lacks all and any kind of “signs of forgery”.
Good Mothers, Bad Mothers: Transnational Mothering in the European Court of Human Rights’ Case Law
Authors: Staiano Fulvia 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Transnational mothering presents significant challenges to immigrant women. In addition to the gendered expectations originating from their own communities and cultures, transnational mothers may also have to cope with gendered notions of ‘good parent’ underlying national and European immigration regimes when pursuing family reunification with their children left behind in their countries of origin. Against this background, the European Court of Human Rights can constitute a benchmark for ensuring transnational mothers’ equal access to family reunification vis-à-vis legally sanctioned and gendered models of ‘good mother’, provided that the Court itself is capable of recognizing said models and avoiding to reproduce them. Thus, this article explores the Strasbourg Court’s case-law on transnational parents’ access to family reunification with the aim to unveil the actual capability of the Court to support a gender-sensitive enforcement of national and European family reunification regimes as well as transnational mothers’ access to family reunification in conditions of equality.
Epigenetic Modulation of Signal Transduction Pathways in HPV‐Associated HNSCC
Authors: Worsham Maria J. , Chen Kang Mei , Ghanem Tamer , Stephen Josena K. , Divine George 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveHuman papilloma virus (HPV) positive and HPV negative head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) are biologically distinct with a prognostic advantage for HPV positive patients compared to HPV negative cases. DNA promoter methylation is central to human diseases such as cancer, including HNSCC, with reported genome‐wide hypomethylaton and promoter hypermethylation in HPV positive HNSCC tumors. The goal of this study was to identify differentially methylated genes in HPV positive versus HPV negative primary HNSCC genomes with clues to signaling networks.Study DesignLaboratory‐based study.SettingPrimary care academic health care system.Subjects and MethodsDNA from 4 HPV positive and 4 HPV negative freshly frozen primary HNSCC were subject to comprehensive genome‐wide methylation profiling. Differentially methylated gene lists were examined using the Signal Transduction Pathways (canonical) filter in the Genomatix Pathway System (GePS).ResultsTwofold methylation differences were observed between HPV positive and HPV negative cases for 1168 genes. Pathway analysis applied to investigate the biological role of the 1168 differentially methylated genes revealed 8 signal transduction pathways forming a network of 66 genes, of which 62% are hypermethylated.ConclusionOur study reveals a predominant hypermethylation profile for genes in signal transduction pathways of HPV positive HNSCC tumor genomes. Because signaling events in the cell play a critical role in the execution of key biological functions, insights into how complex cellular signaling cascades and networks may be programmed in HNSCC are likely to be critical in the development of new biological agents designed to hit multiple targets.
Feasibility of set-valued implicit complementarity problems
Authors: Zhong Ren-you , Wang Xiao-guo , Fan Jiang-hua 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce new concepts of

(
α
,
β
,
γ
)

-exceptional family of elements and

(
α
,
γ
)

-exceptional family of elements for the set-valued implicit complementarity problems in

R
n

and infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, respectively. By utilizing these notions and the Leray-Schauder type fixed point theorem, we study the feasibility and strict feasibility of the set-valued implicit complementarity problems. Our results generalize some corresponding previously known results in the literature.

MSC:49J40, 90C31.
Reliability of the Siemens Enzygnost and Novagnost Epstein–Barr Virus assays for routine laboratory diagnosis: agreement with clinical diagnosis and comparison with the Merifluor Epstein–Barr Virus immunofluorescence assay
Authors: Kreuzer Christina , Nabeck Klaus Udo , Levy H Roma , Daghofer Elisabeth 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is routinely conducted by clinical laboratories, especially to diagnose infectious mononucleosis. At an estimated general population incidence of 1:200, this represents a potentially significant testing burden. We evaluated the reliability of the Siemens Novagnost® and Enzygnost® EBV microtiter assays measuring VCA IgM and IgG, and EBNA-1 IgG for clinical diagnosis of EBV-related infectious mononucleosis.

Methods
Remnant sera from 537 patients tested for EBV infection were used to compare the Siemens assays to each other and to the Merifluor assay. The Siemens assays are qualitative/semiquantitative, automatable enzyme immunoassays. The Merifluor assays are manual, qualitative indirect immunofluorescent assays. Testing was conducted on the Siemens and Merifluor assays in parallel. All assays were conducted and interpreted according to each manufacturer’s specifications. Agreement of serostatus between each of the three assays was assessed. Discrepant results were resolved using a third method (Mikrogen recomLine).

Results
Final EBV serostatus indicated 2.9% of the population had an acute infection, 89.6% had a past infection, and 7.5% were EBV naive. All three assays demonstrated 100% agreement with acute infection. Agreement with past-infection serostatus was 99.1% for Enzygnost, between 86% and 98.8% for Novagnost, and 98.1% for Merifluor. Seronegative agreement was 100% for Enzygnost, 89.7% for Novagnost, and 92.3% for Merifluor.

Conclusions
The Siemens Enzygnost and Novagnost EBV microtiter assays are suitable for clinical rule-in of acute EBV infection and for identifying EBV-naive individuals. Both assays also adequately identify remote EBV infections. Because these assays can be automated, they can improve speed and efficiency of EBV testing, especially in high-volume laboratories.
Prevalence of obesity and associated cardiovascular risk: the DARIOS study
Authors: Félix-Redondo Francisco Javier , Grau María , Baena-Díez José Miguel , Dégano Irene R , de León Antonio Cabrera , Guembe Maria Jesús , Alzamora María Teresa , Vega-Alonso Tomás , Robles Nicolás R , Ortiz Honorato , Rigo Fernando , Mayoral-Sanchez Eduardo , Tormo Maria José , Segura-Fragoso Antonio , Fernández-Bergés Daniel 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Spanish population as measured with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) and to determine the associated cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods
Pooled analysis with individual data from 11 studies conducted in the first decade of the 21st century. Participants aged 35–74 years were asked about the history of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Height, weight, WC, blood pressure, glycaemia, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary risk were measured. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), general obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), suboptimal WC (≥ 80 cm and < 88 in women, ≥ 94 and < 102 in men), abdominal obesity (WC ≥88 cm ≥102 cm in women and men, respectively) and WHtR ≥0.5 was estimated, standardized for the European population.

Results
We included 28,743 individuals. The prevalence of overweight and suboptimal WC was 51% and 30% in men and 36% and 22% in women, respectively; general obesity was 28% in both sexes and abdominal obesity 36% in men and 55% in women. The prevalence of WHtR ≥0.5 was 89% and 77% in men and women, respectively. All cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with abnormal increased values of BMI, WC and WHtR. Hypertension showed the strongest association with overweight [OR = 1.99 (95% confidence interval 1.81-2.21) and OR = 2.10 (1.91-2.31)]; suboptimal WC [OR = 1.78 (1.60-1.97) and OR = 1.45 (1.26-1.66)], with general obesity [OR = 4.50 (4.02-5.04), and OR = 5.20 (4.70-5.75)] and with WHtR ≥0.5 [OR = 2.94 (2.52-3.43), and OR = 3.02 (2.66-3.42)] in men and women respectively, besides abdominal obesity in men only [OR = 3.51 (3.18-3.88)]. Diabetes showed the strongest association with abdominal obesity in women [OR = 3,86 (3,09-4,89).

Conclusions
The prevalence of obesity in Spain was high. Overweight, suboptimal WC, general, abdominal obesity and WHtR ≥0.5 was significantly associated with diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and coronary risk. The use of lower cut-off points for both BMI and particularly WC and could help to better identify the population at risk and therefore achieve more effective preventive measures.
Lipopolysaccharide induces the expression of an autocrine prolactin loop enhancing inflammatory response in monocytes
Authors: López-Rincón Gonzalo , Pereira-Suárez Ana L , Del Toro-Arreola Susana , Sánchez-Hernández Pedro E , Ochoa-Zarzosa Alejandra , Muñoz-Valle José Francisco , Estrada-Chávez Ciro 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundProlactin from pituitary gland helps maintain homeostasis but it is also released in immune cells where its function is not completely understood. Pleiotropic functions of prolactin (PRL) might be mediated by different isoforms of its receptor (PRLr).MethodsThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the eventual synthesis of PRL and PRLr isoforms with the inflammatory response in monocytes. We used THP-1 and monocytes isolated from healthy subjects stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot, real time PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to identify both molecules. The bioactivity of the PRL was assessed using a bioassay and ELISA to detect pro inflammatory cytokines.ResultsPRLr mRNA and PRL mRNA were synthesized in THP-1 monocytes activated with LPS with peaks of 300-fold and 130-fold, respectively. The long (100 kDa) and the intermediate (50 kDa) isoforms of PRLr and big PRL (60 kDa) were time-dependent upregulated for monocytes stimulated with LPS. This expression was confirmed in monocytes from healthy subjects. The PRLr intermediate isoform and the big PRL were found soluble in the culture media and later in the nucleus in THP-1 monocytes stimulated with LPS. Big PRL released by monocytes showed bioactivity in Nb2 Cells, and both PRL and PRLr, synthesized by monocytes were related with levels of nitrites and proinflammatory citokines.ConclusionsOur results suggest the expression of a full-autocrine loop of PRL enhances the inflammatory response in activated monocytes. This response mediated by big PRL may contribute to the eradication of potential pathogens during innate immune response in monocytes but may also contribute to inflammatory disorders.