bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water-Induced Damage to Propped-Fracture Conductivity in Shale Formations
Authors: Zhang Junjing , Zhu D.. , Hill A. D. 
Published: July 2015

Summary
Shale fracture conductivity can be reduced significantly by shale/water interactions. Factors that may influence shale fracture conductivity include shale mineralogy, proppant embedment, shale-fines migration, proppant-fines migration, brine concentration, longer-term stress application, and residual water in the fracture. The study of excessive proppant embedment has been reported in our previous work (Zhang et al. 2014a). This paper presents the studies of the remainder of these factors.
Laboratory experiments were run to understand each of these factors. To study the effect of rock mineralogy, recovered fracture conductivities after water damage were measured for Barnett shale, Eagle Ford shale, and Berea sandstone. During conductivity measurements, water-flow directions were switched to study the effect of shale-fines migration. The size of shale fines was measured by microscopic imaging techniques, and scanning-electron-microscope observations were also presented. Proppant-fines migration was examined by placing two colors of sand on each half of the fracture surface, and then a microscope was used to identify the migrated crushed sands of one sand color mixed in with the other sand color. Fresh water and 2% KCl were injected to study the effect of brine concentration. After water injection, the proppant pack was either fully dried or kept wet to investigate the damage caused by residual water.
Results showed that clay content determines the fracture-conductivity damage caused by water. Fines generated from the shale fracture because of fracture-face spalling, slope instability, and clay dispersion can migrate inside the fracture and are responsible for 12 to 20% of the conductivity reduction. There is no evidence of crushed-proppant-particle migration in this study. Longer-term stress application accounts for a 20% reduction of the fracture conductivity. In the Barnett shale tests, further conductivity damage caused by fresh water after brine injection is not significant when initial conductivities are greater than 65 md-ft. Removal of the residual water from the fracture by evaporation helps to recover the fracture conductivity to a small extent.
A theoretical model of propped-fracture conductivity was extended to include the effects of water damage on fracture conductivity. An empirical correlation for the damage effects in the Barnett shale was implemented in this model.
Long Term Results of Visual Field Progression Analysis in Open Angle Glaucoma Patients Under Treatment
Authors: Kocatürk Tolga , Bekmez Sinan , Katrancı Merve , Çakmak Harun , Dayanır Volkan 
Published: July 2015

Purpose :
To evaluate visual field progression with trend and event analysis in open angle glaucoma patients under treatment.

Materials and Methods :
Fifteen year follow-up results of 408 eyes of 217 glaucoma patients who were followed at Adnan Menderes University, Department of Ophthalmology between 1998 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Visual field data were collected for Mean Deviation (MD), Visual Field Index (VFI), and event occurrence.

Results :
There were 146 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 123 pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (XFG) and 139 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes. MD showed significant change in all diagnostic groups (p<0.001). The difference of VFI between first and last examinations were significantly different in POAG (p<0.001), and XFG (p<0.003) but not in NTG. VFI progression rates were -0.3, -0.43, and -0.2 % loss/year in treated POAG, XFG, and NTG, respectively. The number of empty triangles were statistically different between POAG-NTG (p=0.001), and XFG-NTG (p=0.002) groups. The number of half-filled (p=0.002), and full-filled (p=0.010) triangles were significantly different between XFG-NTG groups.

Conclusion :
Functional long-term follow-up of glaucoma patients can be monitored with visual field indices. We herein report our fifteen year follow-up results in open angle glaucoma.
Armchair Auditors: Crowdsourcing Analysis of Government Expenditures
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Increasingly, there is interest in using information and communications technology (ICT) to help build a “better world.” As an example, the United Kingdom has initiated an “open data” movement to disclose financial information about federal and local governments and other organizations. This has led to the use of a wide range of technologies (Internet, Databases, Web 2.0, etc.) to facilitate disclosure. However, since there is a huge cost of generating and maintaining open data, there also is a concern: “will anyone do anything with the data?”
In a speech in 2009, David Cameron, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, used the term “armchair auditor” to describe crowdsourcing analysis of that data. In that speech, Cameron (2009) noted: “Just imagine the effect that an army of armchair auditors is going to have on those expense claims.” Accordingly, as more and more countries and organizations generate open data, those “armchair auditors” could play an increasingly important role: to help crowdsource monitoring of government expenditures. This paper investigates a number of potential benefits and a number of emerging concerns associated with armchair auditors.
Increased All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and High-Expression Mannan-Binding Lectin Genotypes: A 12-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Østergaard Jakob A. , Thiel Steffen , Lajer Maria , Steffensen Rudi , Parving Hans-Henrik , Flyvbjerg Allan , Rossing Peter , Tarnow Lise , Hansen Troels K. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a complement-activating carbohydrate-recognizing molecule associated with diabetic nephropathy. MBL is associated with all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes, but whether MBL is associated with mortality in type 1 diabetes remains unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate this.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied an existing 12-year prospective cohort with type 1 diabetes with 198 patients with diabetic nephropathy (121 men, age 41 years [95% CI 40–42], estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 67 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI 63–70]) and 174 normoalbuminuric patients (103 men, age 43 years [95% CI 41–44], eGFR 93 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI 91–95]). Mortality rates were compared according to the concentration-determining MBL2 genotype or the MBL concentration. Patients were classified as having high or low MBL expression genotypes. The effect of MBL concentration was estimated by comparing patients with MBL concentrations above or below the median.

RESULTS
Ninety-eight patients died during follow-up. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 1.61 (95% CI 1.07–2.43) for patients with high MBL expression genotypes versus patients with low MBL expression genotypes (P = 0.023). All-cause mortality was higher in patients with MBL concentrations above the median than in patients with MBL concentrations below the median (unadjusted HR 1.90 [95% CI 1.26–2.87], P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
High MBL expression genotypes and high MBL concentrations are both associated with increased mortality rates in type 1 diabetes compared with low MBL expression genotypes and low MBL concentrations.
What Messages Do Patients Remember? Relationships Among Patients' Perceptions of Physical Therapists' Messages, Patient Characteristics, Satisfaction, and Outcome
Authors: Overmeer Thomas , Boersma Katja 
Published: July 2015

Background
Based on a behavioral medicine perspective, modern recommendations for physical therapists treating patients with spinal pain include performing a trustworthy physical examination, conveying the message that back pain is benign, and stressing that activity is a key to recovery. However, little evidence is available on how patients perceive these biopsychosocial messages and how patients' perceptions of these messages relate to their recovery.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between perceptions of treatment delivery that are related to an evidence-based approach and psychological factors, treatment outcome, and treatment satisfaction.

Design
A cohort study with 3 measurement points was conducted.

Methods
Data on 281 participants were collected.

Results
High catastrophizing and lower mood in the participants were correlated to “not perceiving the biopsychosocial message” measured at 6 weeks after treatment start. Participants who did not perceive the biopsychosocial message were at higher risk for disability and had lower treatment satisfaction 6 months after treatment start even when controlling for pretreatment pain intensity. “Not perceiving the biopsychosocial message” was not a mediator for treatment outcome and treatment satisfaction. Physical therapists' treatment orientations or attitudes were not related to the perception of the message by the patients.

Limitations
There was no measure of actual practice behavior.

Conclusions
Maladaptive cognitions and negative emotions appear to affect the way information provided during treatment is perceived by patients. The way information is perceived by patients influences treatment outcome and treatment satisfaction. Physical therapists are advised to check that patients with higher levels of catastrophizing and lower mood are correctly perceiving and interpreting a biopsychosocial message.
Assessing the Reliability of a Semiautomated Segmentation Algorithm for Quantifying Erosions in the Metacarpophalangeal Joints of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tomizza Michael A. , Jessome Matthew A. , Barbosa Joshua , Beattie Karen A. , Bensen William G. , Bobba Raja S. , Cividino Alfred A. , Emond Patrick D. , Gordon Chris , Hart Lawrence , Ioannidis George , Koh Melissa X.P. , Larché Maggie , Tavares Ruben , Tytus Stephen , Adachi Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2015

Objective.Assess the reliability of early erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (EERA) software for quantifying erosive damage to the metacarpophalangeal joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.One hundred magnetic resonance image sets from 68 patients with early referral RA were evaluated. Reliability was assessed using 95% limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% CI.Results.Limits of agreement linearly depended on erosion volume: 0.44× between readers and 0.19× within readers. Interrater ICC was 0.976 (95% CI 0.965–0.984) and intrarater ICC was 0.996 (95% CI 0.994–0.997).Conclusion.EERA is highly reproducible for quantifying erosions in patients with early RA.
Prevalence of Inflammatory Back Pain and Axial Spondyloarthritis Among University Employees in Izmir, Turkey
Authors: Onen Fatos , Solmaz Dilek , Cetin Pinar , Sari Ismail , Balci Ali , Birlik Merih , Akar Servet , Akkoc Nurullah 
Published: July 2015

Objective.To estimate the prevalence of inflammatory back pain (IBP) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) using the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria among employees in a university.Methods.In the first stage of the study, a face-to-face interview was done using a standard questionnaire to investigate IBP in 381 subjects randomly selected from 2894 employees at Dokuz Eylul University in Izmir, Turkey. In the second stage, subjects with back pain for ≥ 3 months and age at onset < 45 years were evaluated for axSpA using the ASAS criteria. Both the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group (ESSG) criteria and Amor criteria were used for the classification of the whole group of spondyloarthritis (SpA).Results.There were 131 male and 250 female subjects (mean age: 38.0 yrs). Twenty-five subjects (6.6%) were classified as having IBP according to the ASAS criteria. The prevalence of IBP according to the Berlin and Calin criteria was 7.1% and 21.5%, respectively. The prevalence of axSpA was estimated at 1.3% according to the ASAS classification criteria (0.5% for radiographic axSpA and 0.8% for nonradiographic axSpA). A total of 7 patients (1.8%) fulfilled both the Amor and ESSG criteria for the whole group of SpA.Conclusion.This is the first prevalence study of IBP and axSpA using ASAS classification criteria in the Turkish population. The prevalence estimates of IBP and axSpA reported here are within the upper range of other studies in European countries and the United States.
Incidence of Cyclophosphamide-induced Urotoxicity and Protective Effect of Mesna in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Yilmaz Neslihan , Emmungil Hakan , Gucenmez Sercan , Ozen Gulsen , Yildiz Fatih , Balkarli Ayşe , Kimyon Gezmis , Coskun Belkis Nihan , Dogan Ismail , Pamuk Omer Nuri , Yasar Sule , Cetin Gozde Yildirim , Yazici Ayten , Ergulu Esmen Serpil , Cagatay Yonca , Yilmaz Sema , Cefle Ayse , Sayarlioglu Mehmet , Kasifoglu Timucin , Karadag Omer , Pehlivan Yavuz , Dalkilic Ediz , Kisacik Bunyamin , Cobankara Veli , Erken Eren , Direskeneli Haner , Aksu Kenan , Yavuz Sule 
Published: July 2015

Objective.To assess bladder toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CYC) and uroprotective effect of mesna in rheumatic diseases.Methods.Data of 1018 patients (725 women/293 men) treated with CYC were evaluated in this retrospective study. All of the following information was obtained: the cumulative CYC dose, route of CYC administration, duration of therapy, concomitant mesna usage, and hemorrhagic cystitis. Cox proportional hazard model was used for statistics.Results.We identified 17 patients (1.67%) with hemorrhagic cystitis and 2 patients (0.19%) with bladder cancer in 4224 patient-years. The median time for diagnosis to hemorrhagic cystitis was 10 months (4–48) and bladder cancer was 8 years (6–10.9). There were 583 patients (57.2%) who received mesna with intravenous CYC therapy. We observed similar incidence rate for hemorrhagic cystitis in both patient groups concomitantly treated with or without mesna [9/583 (1.5%) vs 8/425 (1.8%) respectively, p = 0.08]. Cumulative CYC dose (HR for 10-g increments 1.24, p < 0.001) was associated with hemorrhagic cystitis.Conclusion.Cumulative dose was the only risk factor for hemorrhagic cystitis in patients treated with CYC. No proof was obtained for the uroprotective effect of mesna in our cohort.
Nuclear Factor-κB–inducing Kinase Is Expressed in Synovial Endothelial Cells in Patients with Early Arthritis and Correlates with Markers of Inflammation: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Maijer Karen I. , Noort Ae Ri , de Hair Maria J.H. , van der Leij Christiaan , van Zoest Katinka P.M. , Choi Ivy Y. , Gerlag Daniëlle M. , Maas Mario , Tak Paul P. , Tas Sander W. 
Published: July 2015

Objective.The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is strongly involved in synovial inflammation. We have previously shown that NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) is a key regulator of inflammation-induced angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST). Here, we investigated synovial NIK expression in patients with early arthritis and in autoantibody-positive individuals at risk of developing RA.Methods.ST biopsies were obtained by arthroscopy from 154 patients with early arthritis (duration < 1 yr) with various diagnoses and 54 IgM rheumatoid factor–positive and/or anticitrullinated protein antibodies–positive individuals without evidence of arthritis. ST was stained for NIK and endothelial cell (EC) markers. Additionally, measures of disease activity were collected and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in a subset of these patients.Results.In patients with early arthritis, NIK was predominantly expressed in EC of small blood vessels. Further, NIK expression correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r 0.184, p = 0.024), C-reactive protein (r 0.194, p = 0.017), joint swelling (r 0.297, p < 0.001), synovial immune cell markers (lining r 0.585, p < 0.001; sublining macrophages r 0.728, p < 0.001; T cells r 0.733, p < 0.001; and B cells r 0.264, p = 0.040), MRI effusion (r 0.665, p < 0.001), MRI synovitis (r 0.632, p < 0.001), and MRI total score (r 0.569, p < 0.001). In 18.5% of autoantibody-positive individuals, ST NIK+EC were present, but this was not predictive of the development of arthritis.Conclusion.NIK+EC are present in the earliest phase of synovial inflammation and may be indicative of high angiogenic activity in the inflamed ST. Therefore, NIK+EC may play an important role in the persistence of synovitis. Collectively, our data underscore the importance of angiogenesis in synovial inflammation and identify NIK as a potential therapeutic target in arthritis.
Plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) on field beans and soybeans in Manitoba, Canada: species composition and seasonal occurrence
Authors: Nagalingam T. , Holliday N. J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn Manitoba, Canada, commercial soybeans and two types of field beans, navy and pinto, were sampled for plant bugs. At the centre and margins of 36 fields, sweep net and tap tray samples were taken weekly. In all three crops, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) comprised >78% and Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) <10% of adult mirids. Species composition varied among years but not among crops. For Lygus Hahn, nymphs were 46% of the catch in trays and 23% in sweeps, but total Lygus catch in trays was >2% of that in sweeps. Catch/sample effort was similar at field centres and margins for both Lygus adults and nymphs. Lygus lineolaris reproduced and developed in all three crops. In field beans, Lygus adults were first collected in late vegetative and early pod set stages and late instar nymphs and adults were present from pod elongation until maturity – results consistent with immigration of first summer generation reproductive adults and development of the second generation in the crops. There was evidence of late season immigration of Lygus into all crops. There was no loss of seed quantity attributable to mirids in any of the crops; in field beans there was no evidence that mirids reduced seed quality.
Coding of Electronic Laboratory Reports for Biosurveillance, Selected United States Hospitals, 2011
Authors: Dhakal Sanjaya , Burrer Sherry L. , Winston Carla A. , Dey Achintya , Ajani Umed , Groseclose Samuel L. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveElectronic laboratory reporting has been promoted as a public health priority. The Office of the U.S. National Coordinator for Health Information Technology has endorsed two coding systems: Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) for laboratory test orders and Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) for test results. Materials and MethodsWe examined LOINC and SNOMED CT code use in electronic laboratory data reported in 2011 by 63 non-federal hospitals to BioSense electronic syndromic surveillance system. We analyzed the frequencies, characteristics, and code concepts of test orders and results.ResultsA total of 14,028,774 laboratory test orders or results were reported. No test orders used SNOMED CT codes. To describe test orders, 77% used a LOINC code, 17% had no value, and 6% had a non-informative value, “OTH”. Thirty-three percent (33%) of test results had missing or non-informative codes. For test results with at least one informative value, 91.8% had only LOINC codes, 0.7% had only SNOMED codes, and 7.4% had both. Of 108 SNOMED CT codes reported without LOINC codes, 45% could be matched to at least one LOINC code.ConclusionMissing or non-informative codes comprised almost a quarter of laboratory test orders and a third of test results reported to BioSense by non-federal hospitals. Use of LOINC codes for laboratory test results was more common than use of SNOMED CT. Complete and standardized coding could improve the usefulness of laboratory data for public health surveillance and response.
Uphill and Downhill Walking in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Samaei Afshin , Bakhtiary Amir Hoshang , Hajihasani Abdolhamid , Fatemi Elham , Motaharinezhad Fatemeh 
Published: July 2015

Background: Various exercise protocols have been recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the effects of uphill and downhill walking exercise on mobility, functional activities, and muscle strength in MS patients.
Methods: Thirty-four MS patients were randomly allocated to either the downhill or uphill treadmill walking group for 12 sessions (3 times/wk) of 30 minutes' walking on a 10% negative slope (n = 17) or a 10% positive slope (n = 17), respectively. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention and after 4-week follow-up and included fatigue by Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; mobility by Modified Rivermead Mobility Index; disability by Guy's Neurological Disability Scale; functional activities by 2-Minute Walk Test, Timed 25-Foot Walk test, and Timed Up and Go test; balance indices by Biodex Balance System; and quadriceps and hamstring isometric muscles by torque of left and right knee joints. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to investigate the intervention effects on the measurements.
Results: After the intervention, significant improvement was found in the downhill group versus the uphill group in terms of fatigue, mobility, and disability indices; functional activities; balance indices; and quadriceps isometric torque (P &lt; .05). The results were stable at 4-week follow-up.
Conclusions: Downhill walking on a treadmill may improve muscle performance, functional activity, and balance control in MS patients. These findings support the idea of using eccentric exercise training in MS rehabilitation protocols.
Levetiracetam (Keppra) efficacy and safety in the prevention of early-onset seizures following traumatic brain injuries in pediatric patients
Authors: Shin Young , Benavides Sandra , Wurster Joanie , Patel Neil 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionApproximately half a million emergency department visits for traumatic brain injury (TBI) by children and adolescents occur each year. One of the complications of TBI is early-onset seizure. Current guidelines recommend the use of phenytoin for prevention of seizures following a TBI; however, several drug interactions and adverse reactions are associated with its use. Despite studies demonstrating efficacy of levetiracetam in adult patients, the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in children with TBI is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for the prevention of early-onset seizures in pediatric patients following TBI.MethodsA retrospective evaluation was conducted, which included children, ages 0 to 17 years, admitted secondary to a nonpenetrating TBI and who received levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis for up to 7 days. The primary outcome was the number of children who had a seizure within the first 7 days following a TBI, and secondary outcomes included the number of adverse drug reactions.ResultsA total of 89 pediatrics patients with nonpenetrating TBI were identified and included in the study. Forty-seven patients received a mean dose of 10 mg/kg (SD ± 4.22) of levetiracetam twice a day, and 42 patients received 500 mg 2 times per day (based on adult dosing). Seizure activity was observed in only two patients (2.2%) within the first 7 days following TBI. A total of 13 patients (14.6%) experienced anemia, agitation, and elevation of liver enzymes during levetiracetam therapy.DiscussionThe study suggests that levetiracetam appears to be an effective and safe agent for early-onset seizure prophylaxis in pediatric patients with TBI as indicated by the low number of patients with seizures. The reported adverse reactions may have resulted from the trauma rather than the use of levetiracetam.