bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prospective association between behavioural problems and asthma outcome in young asthma patients
Authors: Verkleij Marieke , van de Griendt Erik‐Jonas , Kaptein Adrian A , van Essen‐Zandvliet Liesbeth EM , Duiverman Eric J , Geenen Rinie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this prospective study was to examine the association between behavioural problems and medical and psychological outcomes in clinically treated children and adolescents with asthma.MethodsPatients (n = 134) were recruited from two high‐altitude asthma clinics in Switzerland and one asthma clinic in the Netherlands. Outcome measures were Asthma Control Test (ACT), Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ(S)), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) (predictor variable). Data were collected at the start and end of treatment. Multiple regression analysis was used while adjusting for demographic variables, clinic and length of stay.ResultsMore severe internalizing behavioural problems were associated with less improvement of total quality of life (t = −2.26, p = 0.03) and the domains symptoms (t = −2.04, p = 0.04) and emotions (t = −2.3, p = 0.02) after clinical treatment. Behavioural problems were not associated with a change of lung function measurements (FEV1 and FeNO) and asthma control (ACT) during treatment.ConclusionA focus of healthcare professionals on the treatment of internalizing behavioural problems may optimize the quality of life in clinically treated youth with asthma.
Reduced expression of MIR409‐3p in primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Li Huiyuan , Zhao Haifeng , Xue Feng , Zhang Xian , Zhang Donglei , Ge Jing , Yang Yanhui , Xuan Min , Fu Rongfeng , Yang Renchi 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPrimary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease with many immune dysfunctions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non‐coding RNAs that post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression by messenger RNA degradation or translational repression. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs play a vital role in the regulation of immunological functions and prevention of autoimmunity. However, whether miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of ITP is still unknown. To illustrate the role of miRNAs in ITP, the expression profile of miRNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in ITP patients was investigated by miRNA microarray, and further validated by TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction. MIR409‐3p expression was decreased in PBMCs of active ITP patients, but this recovered after effective therapy. IFNG was identified and validated as one of the targeted genes of MIR409‐3p by bioinformatic prediction and reporter gene analysis. In addition, we found DGCR8 transcript was down‐regulated in ITP patients and positively correlated with MIR409‐3p. Thus, in ITP patients, decreased DGCR8 leads to down‐regulation of MIR409‐3p, which in turn results in up‐regulation of IFNG (IFN‐γ).
Housing, income inequality and child injury mortality in Europe: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sengoelge M. , Hasselberg M. , Ormandy D. , Laflamme L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundChild poverty rates are compared throughout Europe to monitor how countries are caring for their children. Child poverty reduction measures need to consider the importance of safe living environments for all children. In this study we investigate how European country‐level economic disparity and housing conditions relate to one another, and whether they differentially correlate with child injury mortality.MethodsWe used an ecological, cross‐sectional study design of 26 European countries of which 20 high‐income and 6 upper‐middle‐income. Compositional characteristics of the home and its surroundings were extracted from the 2006 European Union Income Social Inclusion and Living Conditions Database (n = 203 000). Mortality data of children aged 1–14 years were derived from the World Health Organization Mortality Database. The main outcome measure was age standardized cause‐specific injury mortality rates analysed by income inequality and housing and neighbourhood conditions.ResultsNine measures of housing and neighbourhood conditions highly differentiating European households at country level were clustered into three dimensions, labelled respectively housing, neighbourhood and economic household strain. Income inequality significantly and positively correlated with housing strain (r = 0.62, P = 0.001) and household economic strain (r = 0.42, P = 0.009) but not significantly with neighbourhood strain (r = 0.34, P = 0.087). Child injury mortality rates correlated strongly with both country‐level income inequality and housing strain, with very small age‐specific differences.ConclusionsIn the European context housing, neighbourhood and household economic strains worsened with increasing levels of income inequality. Child injury mortality rates are strongly and positively associated with both income inequality and housing strain, suggesting that housing material conditions could play a role in the association between income inequality and child health.
Infants May Use Contingency Analysis to Estimate Environmental States: An Evolutionary, Life‐History Perspective
Authors: Frankenhuis Willem E. , Gergely György , Watson John S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHarshness and unpredictability early in life appear to be independently associated with long‐term developmental outcomes, with environmental stressors affecting parental investment (e.g., responsiveness), which then shapes child development (e.g., onset of puberty). Research has detailed mediating physiological pathways, but has not specified how children transform experiences with their parents' and others' responsiveness into cognitive estimates about environmental harshness or unpredictability. In this article, we analyze this estimation process drawing on the study of contingency analysis. We propose that harshness and unpredictability produce distinct contingency profiles, and that children use these profiles to separately estimate each dimension. We conclude with six empirical predictions.
Normal weight obesity in Korean adults
Authors: Kim Mee Kyoung , Han Kyungdo , Kwon Hyuk‐Sang , Song Ki‐Ho , Yim Hyeon Woo , Lee Won‐Chul , Park Yong‐Moon 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundA better way to define obesity is in terms of the percentage of body fat (BF). Subjects with normal weight, but excess BF are vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of subjects having normal weight obesity (NWO) using optimal cut‐offs of the BF percentage reflecting risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Korean adults.Design and settingThe Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the Korean population conducted in 2009–2010.ParticipantsWe surveyed 5313 men and 6904 women aged 20 years or older.MeasurementsWe investigated the relations between the BF percentage (measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) and obesity‐related risk factors for CVD (diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia) in Korean adults. NWO was defined as the combination of a normal body mass index (BMI; 18·5–22·9 kg/m2 in Asian subjects) and BF percentages above the determined cut‐off values.ResultsThere were strong and graded associations of increasing BF percentages with the prevalence of CVD risk factors. The first cut‐off values (defined as being overweight) in men and women were 20·6% and 33·4% BF, respectively, and the second cut‐off values (defined as obesity) were 25·7% and 36·0% BF. Thirty‐two per cent of normal weight adults had BF percentages greater than or equal to the overweight or obesity cut‐offs (NWO). Subjects with NWO had a lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass, a more atherogenic lipid profile and greater insulin resistance.ConclusionsObesity can be defined as 26% BF or greater in Korean men and 36% BF or greater in Korean women. There was a high prevalence of clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities among subjects with NWO.
Direct Evidence of Memory Retrieval as a Source of Difficulty in Non‐Local Dependencies in Language
Authors: Fedorenko Evelina , Woodbury Rebecca , Gibson Edward 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLinguistic dependencies between non‐adjacent words have been shown to cause comprehension difficulty, compared with local dependencies. According to one class of sentence comprehension accounts, non‐local dependencies are difficult because they require the retrieval of the first dependent from memory when the second dependent is encountered. According to these memory‐based accounts, making the first dependent accessible at the time when the second dependent is encountered should help alleviate the difficulty associated with the processing of non‐local dependencies. In a dual‐task paradigm, participants read sentences that did or did not contain a non‐local dependency (i.e., object‐ and subject‐extracted cleft constructions) while simultaneously remembering a word. The memory task was aimed at making the word held in memory accessible throughout the sentence. In an object‐extracted cleft (e.g., It was Ellen whom John consulted…), the object (Ellen) must be retrieved from memory when consulted is encountered. In the critical manipulation, the memory word was identical to the verb's object (ELLEN). In these conditions, the extraction effect was reduced in the comprehension accuracy data and eliminated in the reading time data. These results add to the body of evidence supporting memory‐based accounts of syntactic complexity.
Evidence for Implicit Learning in Syntactic Comprehension
Authors: Fine Alex B. , Florian Jaeger T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study provides evidence for implicit learning in syntactic comprehension. By reanalyzing data from a syntactic priming experiment (Thothathiri & Snedeker, 2008), we find that the error signal associated with a syntactic prime influences comprehenders' subsequent syntactic expectations. This follows directly from error‐based implicit learning accounts of syntactic priming, but it is unexpected under accounts that consider syntactic priming a consequence of temporary increases in base‐level activation. More generally, the results raise questions about the principles underlying the maintenance of implicit statistical knowledge relevant to language processing, and about possible functional motivations for syntactic priming.
Atrial Remodeling in Newly Diagnosed Drug‐Naive Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Aljizeeri Ahmed , Gin Kenneth , Barnes Marion E. , Lee Pui K. , Nair Parvathy , Jue John , Tsang Teresa S. M. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundSystemic hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Data regarding temporal relationship of left atrial (LA) remodeling to onset of hypertension are sparse. We aimed to quantitate LA structural and functional remodeling in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.MethodWe prospectively identified 380 patients with newly diagnosed systemic hypertension naive to drug therapy, and 380 age‐matched control subjects without any history or evidence of hypertension. History or evidence of prior cardiovascular events, congenital or valvular heart disease, and renal dysfunction were exclusion criteria. Prevalence of LA enlargement, LA mechanical dysfunction expressed in total emptying fraction, left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, LV hypertrophy, and their interrelationships were assessed.ResultsOf the 380 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, 285 (75%) had LA enlargement, 308 (81%) had LA mechanical dysfunction, and 19 (5%) had LVH. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 334 (88%) of the patients. Compared to the controls, the hypertensive group had larger maximal, minimal, and pre‐A LA volumes (all P < 0.001). Total and active LA emptying fraction were significantly reduced (both P < 0.001). Total LA emptying fraction was strongly associated with systolic blood pressure [per 10 mmHg, HR 0.94 (0.89–0.98); P < 0.001], with stepwise decrease in LA emptying fraction of 6%, 10%, and 16% from the lowest (141–150 mmHg) to the top tertile of systolic blood pressure (>160 mmHg).ConclusionIn this drug‐naive cohort with newly diagnosed hypertension, LA structural and functional remodeling, and LV diastolic dysfunction were common findings prior to initiation of drug treatment. LVH was uncommon. Impairment of LA mechanical function was evident even in the mildly hypertensive subgroup.
Using e‐learning to train dentists in the development of standardised oral health promotion interventions for persons with disability
Authors: Catteau C. , Faulks D. , Mishellany‐Dutour A. , Collado V. , Tubert‐Jeannin S. , Tardieu C. , Hugues P. , Roger‐Leroi V. , Hennequin M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to evaluate whether an e‐learning curriculum was sufficient to impart the necessary knowledge to dentists to allow them to implement an oral health promotion intervention in an institution for persons with disability.Materials and methodsParticipants were asked to complete a 10‐module online training course and to implement a standardised intervention in an institution. The outcome measures were as follows: online tracking of progress; multiple choice questionnaires completed at the end of most modules; self‐efficacy questionnaire completed before and after online training; completion of training and calibration in the use of a standardised risk assessment form; initiation and full completion of an oral health promotion intervention in an institution; satisfaction of participants with the online training experience; and evaluation of the impact of the intervention by the institution staff.ResultsThe study sample included 26 dentists. The 10 modules were passed by 24 dentists, and the mean value of the highest overall score recorded in the multiple questionnaires was 88.4% (±4.0). Twenty participants completed the self‐efficacy questionnaire before and after training; the mean values of scores after training were statistically different and higher than those at baseline. Questionnaire regarding satisfaction with the online training experience was completed by 22 participants; all of them stated that they were satisfied with the online training experience.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the online training course helped participants to increase self‐efficacy and to provide interventions in institutions. This study could have implications for both undergraduate and postgraduate dental education in France.
Glycosaminoglycans are functional ligands for receptor for advanced glycation end‐products in tumors
Authors: Mizumoto Shuji , Sugahara Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2013

Glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate, attached to proteoglycans at the surface of tumor cells play key roles in malignant transformation and metastasis. A Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)‐derived tumor cell line with high metastatic potential shows a higher proportion of E disaccharide units, d‐glucuronic acid–GalNAc(4,6‐O‐disulfate), in CS chains than LLC cells with low metastatic potential, suggesting that E units in the CS chains contribute to the metastatic potential. In fact, the metastasis of LLC to mouse lungs is drastically inhibited by preadministration of CS‐E or a phage display antibody specific for CS‐E. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the pulmonary metastasis involving CS chains remained to be elucidated. Recently, receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE), which is predominantly expressed in the lung, was identified as a functional receptor for CS chains containing E units. RAGE strongly interacted with not only CS‐E but also heparan sulfate in vitro. The interaction with CS‐E required a decasaccharide length and a cluster of basic amino acids. Intriguingly, antibody against RAGE robustly inhibited the pulmonary metastasis of not only LLC but also B16 melanoma cells, which also colonize mouse lungs after injection into a tail vein. Thus, CS chains containing E units are involved in the metastatic process, and RAGE is a critical receptor for glycosaminoglycan chains expressed at the tumor cell surface. Hence, RAGE and glycosaminoglycans are potential targets of drugs for pulmonary metastasis and a number of other pathological conditions involving RAGE in the pathogenetic mechanism.
Differential chemokine and cytokine production by neonatal bovine γδ T‐cell subsets in response to viral toll‐like receptor agonists and in vivo respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: McGill Jodi L. , Nonnecke Brian J. , Lippolis John D. , Reinhardt Timothy A. , Sacco Randy E. 
Published: January 2013

Summaryγδ T cells respond to stimulation via toll‐like receptors (TLR). Bovine γδ T cells express TLR3 and TLR7, receptors that are key for the recognition of viruses such as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV); however, responses of γδ T cells to stimulation via these receptors, and their role during viral infections, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that neonatal bovine γδ T cells exhibit robust chemokine and cytokine production in response to the TLR3 agonist, Poly(I:C), and the TLR7 agonist, Imiquimod. Importantly, we observe a similar phenotype in γδ T‐cell subsets purified from calves infected with BRSV. Bovine γδ T cells are divided into subsets based upon their expression of WC1, and the response to TLR stimulation and viral infection differs between these subsets, with WC1.1+ and WC1neg γδ T cells producing macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and WC1.2+ γδ T cells preferentially producing the regulatory cytokines interleukin‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β. We further report that the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 does not alter γδ T‐cell responses to TLR agonists or BRSV. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the γδ T‐cell response during in vivo BRSV infection and the first suggestion that WC1.1+ and WC1neg γδ T cells contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory populations during viral infection. Based on our results, we propose that circulating γδ T cells are poised to rapidly respond to viral infection and suggest an important role for γδ T cells in the innate immune response of the bovine neonate.
Telephone survey of service‐user experiences of a telephone‐based mental health triage service
Authors: Elsom Stephen , Sands Natisha , Roper Cath , Hoppner Cayte , Gerdtz Marie 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:The participation of service users in all aspects of mental health service delivery including policy development, service planning and evaluation is increasingly an expectation of contemporary mental health care. Although there are a growing number of publications reporting service‐user perspectives in the evaluation of mental health services, little attention has been paid to the views of service users about mental health triage services. The purpose of the study reported here was to examine service‐users' (consumers and informal carers) experiences of a telephone‐based mental health triage service. Using a framework developed from the World Health Organisation's elements of responsiveness, we conducted structured telephone interviews with service users who had contacted a telephone‐based mental health triage service in regional Victoria, Australia. The main findings of the study were that consumers experienced more difficulty than carers in accessing the service and that, although most participants were satisfied, only a minority reported being involved in decision‐making. Further work is needed to improve accessibility of mental health triage services and to investigate barriers to consumer self‐referral. Professional development and practice support systems should be established to support mental health triage nurses in the development of collaborative, consumer‐focused care.
The true risk of blood transfusion after nephrectomy for renal masses: a population‐based study
Authors: Vricella Gino J. , Finelli Antonio , Alibhai Shabbir M.H. , Ponsky Lee E. , Abouassaly Robert 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
There is a paucity of population‐based analyses of expected outcomes after renal surgery for kidney cancer. Reported blood transfusion rates after nephrectomy show considerable variability, probably as a result of the referral patterns that influence reports from tertiary academic medical centres.
With emerging data on the inferior outcomes in patients undergoing allogeneic blood transfusion, we aimed to evaluate the patient, surgeon and hospital factors that influence the receipt of a blood transfusion after nephrectomy. A more detailed understanding of these factors may help in preoperative patient counselling and informed consent.
Objective
To examine blood transfusion rates after nephrectomy for renal masses at the population‐level.
Patients and Methods
We performed a population‐based, retrospective observational study using a national discharge abstract database.
The study cohort consisted of 10 902 patients who were treated by radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN) for a renal mass between 1 April 2003 and 31 March 2008.
The association between blood transfusion and various explanatory variables was examined using the chi‐squared test and multivariable logistic regression.
Results
The overall blood transfusion rate was 18.1%.
Transfusions occurred after 28.2%, 12.7%, 9.2% and 8.6% of open RN, open PN, laparoscopic RN and laparoscopic PN, respectively (P < 0.001).
Transfusion rates were found to be strongly associated with age and comorbidity, such that patients aged <50 years with Charlson scores of 0 were transfused 11.2% and 14.5% of the time compared to 28.2% and 40.7% in patients aged ≥80 years with Charlson scores of ≥3, respectively (P < 0.001).
On multivariable logistic regression, age (P < 0.001), Charlson score (P < 0.001), procedure type (P < 0.001), surgeon (P < 0.001) and hospital volume quartile (P < 0.001) were all found to be associated with the rate of blood transfusions, whereas year of surgery, sex and income quintile were not.
Conclusions
The transfusion rate after nephrectomy in general clinical practice is higher than that reported in the urological literature.
Patient and provider factors appear to contribute to the considerable variability that exists in the observed transfusion rate.
A more detailed understanding of these factors may help with respect to preoperative patient counselling and informed consent.
Sociable Sleeping in Early Modern England, 1660–1760
Authors: Handley Sasha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article traces a critical phase of change in the history of English sleeping practices. It examines the emergence of a new set of ‘sociable’ sleeping habits among certain sections of English society in the years 1660 to 1760. These habits were characterized by late hours of rising and retiring, the increased mobility of sleepers through different beds, chambers and houses, and the emergence of distinctive forms of sleep‐etiquette. All of these experiences were linked to the pursuit of new modes of public and domestic sociability that were underpinned by socio‐economic change, physical shifts in the urban landscape and domestic household, and by shifting medical and philosophical understandings of sleep. The article uses household inventories, account books, personal testimonies and a wide range of published treatises to examine how sociable sleeping habits became established as a lifestyle choice in the years after 1660.