bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tire–Pavement Contact Stress With 3D Finite-Element Model—Part 2: All-Steel Tire on Heavy Vehicles
Authors: Cao P. , Feng D. , Jin F. , Fan X. , Zhou C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Heavy vehicles increase on highways in China year by year. Heavy loads are among the most important factors causing pavement distresses. The distribution of contact stresses between tires and pavement surface greatly influences the initiation and propagation of pavement distresses, especially for the top-down cracking. Therefore, to accurately and precisely describe pavement responses, the distribution of contact stresses should be first investigated thoroughly. This study focuses on simulating the contact stresses between all-steel tires on heavy vehicles and the pavement surface. A 3D finite-element model was proposed and used to simulate the distribution of contact stresses in different conditions of tires, including standstill, free rolling, accelerating rolling, and decelerating rolling conditions. This model was validated by previous study of the authors. There were three loading levels used in this study, including 20 kN, 40 kN, and 60 kN. In the standstill condition, the maximum pressures on pavement surface were simulated as 1.2 MPa, 1.2 MPa, and 2.4 MPa in 20 kN, 40 kN, and 60 kN loading levels, respectively, which were much higher than 0.7 MPa, the standard contact pressure in pavement design specification in China. An interesting phenomenon was observed that when the load passed a certain value, the width of contact area kept constant, whereas the length of contact area was prolonged. And the length of the contact area prolonged linearly with the increase of load. Based on this phenomenon, the Hertz contact theory was applied to simplify the traditional 3D finite-element model. In the simplified model, the complicated 3D all-steel tire was simplified to an equivalent medium. The 3D finite-element model and the simplified model were compared with the analytic method. This indicates that the simplified model can simulate the contact stress of all-steel tires closely to the analytic results (no more than 10 % difference) and greatly improves the calculation efficiency.
Laser Acupuncture for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Raith Wolfgang , Schmölzer Georg M. , Resch Bernhard , Reiterer Fritz , Avian Alexander , Koestenberger Martin , Urlesberger Berndt 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is usually treated with opiate derivatives and supported with nonpharmacological treatment.

METHODS:
This prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded, single-center study was carried out between March 2009 and November 2014. Newborn infants diagnosed with NAS after maternal opioid substitution therapy were eligible for inclusion. Infants were randomly allocated to the acupuncture group (combining laser acupuncture and pharmacological therapy of morphine and phenobarbital) or control group (pharmacological therapy alone). Laser acupuncture was performed with a LABpen MED 10 (675 nm/10 mW) at 5 ear and 4 body acupuncture points, bilaterally, and sessions were repeated every day. The primary outcome measure was duration of oral morphine therapy for NAS. Secondary outcomes included highest single Finnegan score, time to highest single Finnegan score, maximum amount of oral morphine solution (in milliliters per kilogram and milligrams per kilogram), time to maximum amount of oral morphine solution, and length of hospital stay.

RESULTS:
Twenty-eight newborns (14 in each group) were eligible for analysis. Duration of oral morphine therapy was significantly reduced in the acupuncture group compared with the control group (28 vs 39 days, respectively, P = .019). In addition, we observed a significantly reduced length of hospital stay in the acupuncture group compared with the control group (35 days [interquartile range 25 to 47] vs 50 days [36 to 66], P = .048).

CONCLUSIONS:
Adjunctive laser acupuncture significantly reduced the duration of morphine therapy in newborns with NAS.
Prescription Opioids in Adolescence and Future Opioid Misuse
Authors: Miech Richard , Johnston Lloyd , O’Malley Patrick M. , Keyes Katherine M. , Heard Kennon 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Legitimate opioid use is associated with an increased risk of long-term opioid use and possibly misuse in adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of future opioid misuse among adolescents who have not yet graduated from high school.

METHODS:
Prospective, panel data come from the Monitoring the Future study. The analysis uses a nationally representative sample of 6220 individuals surveyed in school in 12th grade and then followed up through age 23. Analyses are stratified by predicted future opioid misuse as measured in 12th grade on the basis of known risk factors. The main outcome is nonmedical use of a prescription opioid at ages 19 to 23. Predictors include use of a legitimate prescription by 12th grade, as well as baseline history of drug use and baseline attitudes toward illegal drug use.

RESULTS:
Legitimate opioid use before high school graduation is independently associated with a 33% increase in the risk of future opioid misuse after high school. This association is concentrated among individuals who have little to no history of drug use and, as well, strong disapproval of illegal drug use at baseline.

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of prescribed opioids before the 12th grade is independently associated with future opioid misuse among patients with little drug experience and who disapprove of illegal drug use. Clinic-based education and prevention efforts have substantial potential to reduce future opioid misuse among these individuals, who begin opioid use with strong attitudes against illegal drug use.
Don Azulay Manduca Vásquez de San Martín de Amacayacu comunidad tikuna
Authors: Montes María Emilia 
Published: October 2015

Noticia sobre el fallecimiento de sabio indígena. Perfil biográfico y resumen de sus aportes a diferentes procesos de estudio e investigación. Ilustración de su pensamiento innovador y creativo a través de la interpretación que daba al escudo tikuna, inspirado en el escudo nacional de Colombia.
Investigation of industrial compositions SONKOR as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in neutral media containing hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Melnikova A. V. , Figilyantov F. P. , Shein A. B. 
Published: October 2015

Electrochemical and corrosion behavior of mild steel in neutral media containing hydrogen sulfide has been investigated by weight-loss and electrochemical methods and protective effect of industrial compositions SONKOR has been determined. It has been shown that in 3% NaCl compositions SONKOR have weak protective effect but it increases greatly in presence of hydrogen sulfide in the solution. At concentration of H2S = 0,6 gram per liter maximal protective effect has SONKOR 9801 (85,57%) and SONKOR 9920А (81,97%). Inhibitors SONKOR 9021С (70,82%), 9510А(73,11%) and 9701(67,87%) show less protective effect.
Poly(L-Lactide)/Poly(∊-Caprolactone) and Collagen/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds for the Treatment of Critical-Sized Rat Alveolar Defects: A Microtomographic, Molecular-Biological, and Histological Study
Authors: Ekin Omer , Calis Mert , Aliyev Ali , Yar Seda Atiye , Korkusuz Petek , Bilgic Elif , Aydin Halil Murat , Celik Hakan Hamdi , Ozgur Figen , Vargel Ibrahim 
Published: October 2015

Objective To determine the efficacy of a newly developed scaffold (col/β-TCP) in a preclinical rat model as compared with the gold standard treatment (autograft) and control scaffolds (PLLA/PCL). Design Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four experimental groups, and critical-sized alveolar defects (7 × 4 × 3 mm) were created in each animal. Group A was the blank defect group, group B received autograft, group C received col/β-TCP scaffolds, and group D received PLLA/PCL blend scaffolds to fill the bone defects. New bone formation was assessed radiomorphometrically, histomorphometrically, and molecular-biologically at 1 and 4 months following surgery. Results Radiomorphometrically, the best new bone volume rate at 1 month (43.7%) and 4 months (45.4%) was observed in the autograft group, and the difference was significantly higher than in the other three groups ( P ≤ .005, P ≤ .001, P ≤ .001 for 1 month and P = .004, P ≤ .001, P ≤ .001 for 4 months). Even though the new bone volume rate in the col/β-TCP group (21.5%) was higher than that of the PLLA/PCL group (18.2%), the difference was not significant ( P = .08). Molecular-genetic analysis revealed significantly higher BSP and ALP gene expression levels in the autograft and col/β-TCP groups than in the blank defect group ( P = .002 and P = .004). Conclusion The engineered tissue scaffolds described herein have great potential as an alternative treatment option when cost, donor region morbidity, and duration of hospitalization are considered.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA SEGUNDO O QUESTIONÁRIO SF-36 DE PACIENTES SOROPOSITIVAS E SORONEGATIVAS EM DOIS AMBULATÓRIOS DO MUNICÍPIO DE ARACAJU
Authors: Bezerra Mauro Muniz , Garcia Fernando Henrique Motta , Cruz Mário Augusto Ferreira , Cruz Josilda Ferreira 
Published: October 2015

A utilização de terapia antiretroviral eficaz para os pacientes HIV-positivos atrasou o aparecimento da AIDS e aumentou a expectativa de vida e o bem-estar dessas pessoas. Apesar disso, os pacientes soropositivos ainda experimentam estresse psicológico resultante do medo da AIDS, e ao estigma associado à doença, bem como discriminação, o que acaba afetando as diferentes dimensões da sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Desse modo, o estudo objetivou comparar a qualidade de vida de pacientes soropositivas com a de pacientes soronegativas. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal realizado em dois ambulatórios públicos do município de Aracaju, que contou com 30 pacientes soropositivas e 30 pacientes soronegativas com idade entre 18 e 50 anos. Foi aplicado o questionário SF-36 e questionário sociodemográfico. Análise estatística realizada pelo programa SPSS versão 20.0. Foram avaliadas 60 mulheres, sendo 30 soropositivas e 30 soronegativas. A média de idade das soropositivas foi de 32,87 (DP 8,14) e das soronegativas de 34,87 (DP 9,54). Dos 8 domínios analisados pelo SF-36, o grupo das mulheres soropositivas obteve um escore inferior em 5 deles, sendo os piores escores em estado geral e saúde mental, entretanto, essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. O escore médio, considerando-se todos os domínios, nas pacientes soropositivas foi de 64,82, e nas soronegativas 69,85, mas não obteve significância estatística (p=0,379). O estudo encontrou uma média geral dos domínios superior a outros estudos e não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a qualidade de vida de mulheres soropositivas e soronegativas.
IMPACTO ACADÊMICO DA INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA (IC) NA CONTINUIDADE E NA ANTECIPAÇÃO DE MESTRADOS.
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Natiene Ramos 
Published: October 2015

Este artigo analisa o impacto da Iniciação Científica na continuidade e na antecipação de mestrados, a partir do universo de bolsistas de cinco editais de uma universidade pública. As análises estatísticas apontam para uma taxa de continuidade baixa no conjunto dos cursos mas com variações significativas entre eles. O impacto sobre a antecipação é mais significativo; 33,2% deram continuidade logo no primeiro ano que se seguiu a conclusão da graduação e outros 41,6% deram continuidade até dois anos após o fim da graduação. Ou seja, 74,8% do total de egressos que deram continuidade a formação, o fizeram até dois anos após a conclusão da graduação.
PROVINCIA DA PARAHYBA DO NORTE: ESCOLARIZAÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO POBRE (1849 – 1874)
Authors: Batista Lays Macena , Ananias Mauricéia 
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho apresenta discussões acerca da escolarização da população pobre na Província da Parahyba do Norte entre os anos de 1849 a 1874 como parte do processo de institucionalização da instrução pública primária. O recorte temporal proposto leva em consideração os dois regulamentos da instrução pública, promulgados em 15 e 20 de Janeiro de 1849, que, além de contribuírem para normatização e organização da instrução, criaram o cargo de diretor geral da instrução pública, que dentre tantas atribuições, tinha como meta inspecionar a instrução em toda a Província. E 1874, por ser o último ano de funcionamento do Colégio de Educandos Artífices como espaço de escolarização destinado à população pobre e que teve por objetivo prestar assistência à infância desvalida. As fontes utilizadas para construção da narrativa foram os relatórios dos presidentes da Província, os regulamentos e os Documentos Diversos sobre a instrução pública primária, os jornais que circularam na Província durante o período estudado, bem como a bibliografia disponível referente à história e história da educação da Paraíba. A partir das análises feitas sobre o perfil etnicorracial e econômico da população paraibana e as condições que se encontrava a instrução primária na Província, inferimos que parte da população pobre também teve acesso à instrução primária como instrumento de civilização.
Palavras-chave: Província da Parahyba do Norte. Escolarização da população pobre. Instrução primária.
Negative effects of wind speed on individual foraging performance and breeding success in little penguins
Authors: Saraux Claire , Chiaradia André , Salton Marcus , Dann Peter , Viblanc Vincent A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMost effects of environmental and climate variability on predator life history traits and population dynamics result from indirect effects mediated through the food chain. There is growing evidence that wind strength might affect seabirds while foraging at sea. Here, we investigated the effect of wind speed on the foraging performance of a flightless marine predator, the little penguin (Eudyptula minor). To this end, we used satellite‐derived wind data collected over 11 breeding seasons during which the daily attendance and body mass changes of more than 200 penguins breeding at Phillip Island (Victoria, Australia) were recorded by an automated penguin monitoring system. Over 17 363 foraging trips, we found that wind speed had important effects on foraging and provisioning parameters in breeding adults. During incubation and chick‐guard, stronger winds were associated with decreased foraging efficiency (lower body mass gain). During chick‐guard, stronger winds were furthermore associated with lower meal sizes provided to the chicks, but parental body reserves appeared unaffected. Under extreme wind conditions (>14 m/s) during the post‐guard phase, adults maintained their body reserves by shifting towards longer foraging trips, while providing chicks with smaller meals. Chick meal size and foraging trip duration during chick rearing had direct effects on breeding success, suggesting that the influence of wind on individual fitness was mediated by changes in foraging performances and success. Furthermore, using a long‐term wind data series spanning 150‐yr from a coastal wind station, we found a slight decline in wind speed and a decrease in wind speed variability in the Bass Strait where little penguins forage. Interestingly, based on this wind data, we found birds to be more directly affected by punctual events of strong winds (e.g. storms or gales), than by an overall change in wind patterns over time. Potential candidate mechanisms mediating the effects of wind speed on foraging efficiency may include swell formation, energy costs of travelling and thermoregulation, and a possible disruption of thermoclines, which may be important for little penguins. Plasticity in foraging strategies allowed parents to partially compensate for negative wind effects.
Preparation and characterization of 2–2 piezoelectric composites for damping application
Authors: Huang Shifeng , Guo Xiaojing , Zhai Suhui , Xu Dongyu , Xie Xinchun , Sha Fei 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
2–2 piezoelectric composites were fabricated using PZT-51 as the functional filler and epoxy resin as the matrix using the cutting–filling technique. The influences of PZT-51 volume fraction and the ceramic plate thickness on the damping performance, piezoelectric and dielectric properties were studied. The results showed that the piezoelectric constant and dielectric constant of the composite increased nonlinearly with the increase of PZT-51 volume fraction when the ceramic plate thickness was constant. The maximum loss factor tan δ
max increased initially and then decreased with the increase of PZT-51 volume fraction, which reached a maximum value of 0.71 when PZT-51 volume fraction was 50 %. When the PZT-51 content was constant, the ceramic plate thickness had little influence on the piezoelectric strain constant d̅33. The maximum loss factor tan δ
max reached 0.73 when the ceramic plate thickness was 0.4 mm, which was 0.30 higher than that of the pure epoxy.
Effect of short milling time and microwave heating on phase evolution, microstructure and mechanical properties of alumina–mullite–zirconia composites
Authors: Majidian Hudsa , Nikzad Leila , Eslami-Shahed Hossein , Ebadzadeh Touradj 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Alumina–mullite–zirconia composites were prepared using alumina and zircon powders pressed uniaxially at 250 MPa and sintered in a microwave furnace held at 1 550 °C for 90 min. The effects of short milling and sintering time on the density, phase evaluation and mechanical strength of the sintered composites were analyzed and compared with composites sintered in a conventional furnace. The goal was to decrease sintering time and temperature over that for conventional heating. The results showed that, although the densities were similar for both methods, the hardness, mechanical strength and fraction of the tetragonal zirconia phase of the microwave-sintered composites were much higher. The milling time yielded better densification and higher mechanical properties. It was found that the shorter sintering time in a microwave furnace requires longer milling time of the powders to obtain the same composite properties.
Rheological study of semi-solid TiAl3/ZL101 composites prepared by ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Wan Jun , Yan Hong , Xu Dong 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Semi-solid TiAl3/ZL101 aluminum matrix composite slurry was prepared by ultrasonic vibration. A rotational viscosimeter was used to determine the rheological behavior of the slurry at a constant shear rate. The effects of ultrasonic power, solid fraction and TiAl3 fraction (vol.%) on the apparent viscosity of the slurry were investigated. Results showed that the apparent viscosity of the slurry increased as the TiAl3 fraction or solid fraction increased, and decreased with increasing ultrasonic power. Based on the experimental data, this study established a rheological model of semi-solid TiAl3/ZL101 composites prepared by ultrasonic vibration.
Fluorine-substituted HA reinforced with zircon as a novel nano-biocomposite ceramic: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Karamian Ebrahim , Abdellahi Majid , Gheisari Hassan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This work began with preparing hydroxyapatite from bovine bones and continued with doping fluorine into hydroxyapatite matrix to produce fluorine-doped hydroxyapatite in optimum conditions. At the end a fluorine hydroxyapatite–zircon nanocomposite ceramic with good bioactivity and good chemical stability was synthesized through a mechano-chemical route and subsequent two step sintering process. The ability of apatite formation on the produced nanocomposite samples, as a yardstick for evaluation of the bioactivity, was estimated by using simulated body fluid. According to the results obtained, after soaking the nanocomposite samples in the fluid solution, the pH value was increased during the first week of experiments. Furthermore, the concentration of the Ca ions at the end of the second week in the fluid solution was dependent on the Si – OH nucleation sites on the surface of nanocomposite.
Effect of treating method on the physicochemical properties of amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Pełech Iwona , Pełech Robert , Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Jędrzejewska Anna , Moszyński Dariusz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized using a sequence of treatments which included grafting of carboxyl groups, converting them to acyl chloride groups with thionyl chloride followed by reactions with amine or ammonia. Another treatment procedure consisted of chlorination in the gas phase followed by reaction with ethylenediamine or ammonia. In both cases, the samples were heated conventionally or using a microwave oven. The influence of treatment method on the carbon nanotube properties is presented. Amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes were examined for their application as a nanofiller in epoxy resins and the electrical conductivity of the obtained polymer composites was investigated.
Bladder Cancer Patient Advocacy: A Global Perspective
Authors: Quale Diane Zipursky , Bangs Rick , Smith Monica , Guttman David , Northam Tammy , Winterbottom Andrew , Necchi Andrea , Fiorini Edoardo , Demkiw Stephanie 
Published: October 2015

Over the past 20 years, cancer patient advocacy groups have demonstrated that patient engagement in cancer care is essential to improving patient quality of life and outcomes. Bladder cancer patient advocacy only began 10 years ago in the United States, but is now expanding around the globe with non-profit organizations established in Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy, and efforts underway in Australia. These organizations, at different levels of maturity, are raising awareness of bladder cancer and providing essential information and resources to bladder cancer patients and their families. The patient advocacy organizations are also helping to advance research efforts by funding research proposals and facilitating research collaborations. Strong partnerships between these patient advocates and the bladder cancer medical community are essential to ensuringsustainability for these advocacy organizations, increasing funding to support advances in bladder cancer treatment, and improving patient outcomes.