bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of pyruvate oxidation defects in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Sperl Wolfgang , Fleuren Leanne , Freisinger Peter , Haack Tobias B. , Ribes Antonia , Feichtinger René G. , Rodenburg Richard J. , Zimmermann Franz A. , Koch Johannes , Rivera Isabel , Prokisch Holger , Smeitink Jan A. , Mayr Johannes A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPyruvate oxidation defects (PODs) are among the most frequent causes of deficiencies in the mitochondrial energy metabolism and represent a substantial subset of classical mitochondrial diseases. PODs are not only caused by deficiency of subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) but also by various disorders recently described in the whole pyruvate oxidation route including cofactors, regulation of PDHC and the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. Our own patients from 2000 to July 2014 and patients identified by a systematic survey of the literature from 1970 to July 2014 with a pyruvate oxidation disorder and a genetically proven defect were included in the study (n=628). Of these defects 74.2% (n=466) belong to PDHC subunits, 24.5% (n=154) to cofactors, 0.5% (n=3) to PDHC regulation and 0.8% (n=5) to mitochondrial pyruvate import. PODs are underestimated in the field of mitochondrial diseases because not all diagnostic centres include biochemical investigations of PDHC in their routine analysis. Cofactor and transport defects can be missed, if pyruvate oxidation is not measured in intact mitochondria routinely. Furthermore deficiency of the X‐chromosomal PDHA1 can be biochemically missed depending on the X‐inactivation pattern. This is reflected by an increasing number of patients diagnosed recently by genetic high throughput screening approaches. PDHC deficiency including regulation and import affect mainly the glucose dependent central and peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle. PODs with combined enzyme defects affect also other organs like heart, lung and liver. The spectrum of clinical presentation of PODs is still expanding. PODs are a therapeutically interesting group of mitochondrial diseases since some can be bypassed by ketogenic diet or treated by cofactor supplementation. PDHC kinase inhibition, chaperone therapy and PGC1α stimulation is still a matter of further investigations.
Illness characteristics and symptoms in an Irish early intervention for psychosis service
Authors: Lyne J. P. , O’Donoghue B. , Roche E. , Behan C. , Jordan I. , Renwick L. , Turner N. , O’Callaghan E. , Clarke M. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesStudy of illness characteristics and symptoms in a young population with psychosis can assist for understanding of their needs, and can inform service planning strategies. The aims of the current study were to describe illness characteristics and symptoms of a first episode psychosis (FEP) sample aged 25 years and under, and compare with a sample aged over 25 years.MethodsInterviews were conducted for 437 individuals aged 16–65 years presenting with suspected psychosis between 2005 and 2012 in a defined catchment area (population of 390 000) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV to determine the presence of a psychosis diagnosis. Individuals with confirmed psychosis were assessed using standardised instruments to determine illness characteristics at first presentation.ResultsAmong the 25 years, and under FEP sample, 23.9% had their first onset of symptoms (prodromal or psychotic) before 18 years of age. After controlling for confounders, the sample aged 25 years and under had a significantly shorter log transformed duration of untreated psychosis (p=0.002), more negative symptoms (p=0.045) and greater frequency of comorbid cannabis abuse diagnosis (p=0.027).ConclusionsSymptom onset in a youth FEP sample frequently occurs before age 18 years. Certain illness characteristics differed across the age categories, such as greater negative symptoms and cannabis abuse in the youth sample. Overall, the findings support the provision of adequate strategies for management of negative symptom deficits and substance abuse across all ages in FEP.
COVERS FOR S-ACTS AND CONDITION (A) FOR A MONOID S
Authors: BAILEY ALEX , GOULD VICTORIA , HARTMANN MIKLÓS , RENSHAW JAMES , SHAHEEN LUBNA 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA monoid S satisfies Condition (A) if every locally cyclic left S-act is cyclic. This condition first arose in Isbell's work on left perfect monoids, that is, monoids such that every left S-act has a projective cover. Isbell showed that S is left perfect if and only if every cyclic left S-act has a projective cover and Condition (A) holds. Fountain built on Isbell's work to show that S is left perfect if and only if it satisfies Condition (A) together with the descending chain condition on principal right ideals, MR. We note that a ring is left perfect (with an analogous definition) if and only if it satisfies MR. The appearance of Condition (A) in this context is, therefore, monoid specific. Condition (A) has a number of alternative characterisations, in particular, it is equivalent to the ascending chain condition on cyclic subacts of any left S-act. In spite of this, it remains somewhat esoteric. The first aim of this paper is to investigate the preservation of Condition (A) under basic semigroup-theoretic constructions. Recently, Khosravi, Ershad and Sedaghatjoo have shown that every left S-act has a strongly flat or Condition (P) cover if and only if every cyclic left S-act has such a cover and Condition (A) holds. Here we find a range of classes of S-acts $\mathcal{C}$ such that every left S-act has a cover from $\mathcal{C}$ if and only if every cyclic left S-act does and Condition (A) holds. In doing so we find a further characterisation of Condition (A) purely in terms of the existence of covers of a certain kind. Finally, we make some observations concerning left perfect monoids and investigate a class of monoids close to being left perfect, which we name left$\mathcal{IP}$a-perfect.
Prevention Across the Spectrum: a randomized controlled trial of three programs to reduce risk factors for both eating disorders and obesity
Authors: Wilksch S. M. , Paxton S. J. , Byrne S. M. , Austin S.B. , McLean S. A. , Thompson K. M. , Dorairaj K. , Wade T. D. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundA randomized controlled trial of three school-based programs and a no-intervention control group was conducted to evaluate their efficacy in reducing eating disorder and obesity risk factors.MethodA total of 1316 grade 7 and 8 girls and boys (mean age = 13.21 years) across three Australian states were randomly allocated to: Media Smart; Life Smart; the Helping, Encouraging, Listening and Protecting Peers (HELPP) initiative; or control (usual school class). Risk factors were measured at baseline, post-program (5 weeks later), and at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups.ResultsMedia Smart girls had half the rate of onset of clinically significant concerns about shape and weight than control girls at the 12-month follow-up. Media Smart and HELPP girls reported significantly lower weight and shape concern than Life Smart girls at the 12-month follow-up. Media Smart and control girls scored significantly lower than HELPP girls on eating concerns and perceived pressure at the 6-month follow-up. Media Smart and HELPP boys experienced significant benefit on media internalization compared with control boys and these were sustained at the 12-month follow-up in Media Smart boys. A group × time effect found that Media Smart participants reported more physical activity than control and HELPP participants at the 6-month follow-up, while a main effect for group found Media Smart participants reported less screen time than controls.ConclusionsMedia Smart was the only program to show benefit on both disordered eating and obesity risk factors. Whilst further investigations are indicated, this study suggests that this program is a promising approach to reducing risk factors for both problems.
Maternal depression symptoms, unhealthy diet and child emotional–behavioural dysregulation
Authors: Pina-Camacho L. , Jensen S. K. , Gaysina D. , Barker E. D. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundMaternal depression and unhealthy diet are well-known risk factors for adverse child emotional–behavioural outcomes, but their developmental relationships during the prenatal and postnatal periods are largely uncharted. This study sought to examine the inter-relationships between maternal depression symptoms and unhealthy diet (assessed during pregnancy and postnatal periods) in relation to child emotional–behavioural dysregulation (assessed at the ages of 2, 4 and 7 years).MethodIn a large prospective birth cohort of 7814 mother–child pairs, path analysis was used to examine the independent and inter-related associations of maternal depression symptoms and unhealthy diet with child dysregulation.ResultsHigher prenatal maternal depression symptoms were prospectively associated with higher unhealthy diet, both during pregnancy and the postnatal period, which, in turn, was associated with higher child dysregulation up to the age of 7 years. In addition, during pregnancy, higher maternal depression symptoms and unhealthy diet were each independently associated with higher child dysregulation up to the age of 7 years. These results were robust to other prenatal, perinatal and postnatal confounders (such as parity and birth complications, poverty, maternal education, etc.).ConclusionsMaternal depression symptoms and unhealthy diet show important developmental associations, but are also independent risk factors for abnormal child development.
Unwrapping ‘Norwegianness’: politics of difference in Karpe Diem
Authors: Sandve Birgitte 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article addresses notions of ‘Norwegianness’ in rap music. Based on comparative audiovisual analyses and close readings of two different versions of Norwegian rap group Karpe Diem's 2010 hit ‘Byduer i dur’, the author's main objective is to question how issues concerning ethnicity and cultural belonging are negotiated through audiovisual representations and in the self-fashioning of the artists. The analyses and readings rest upon two central issues. First, to uncover how Karpe Diem's spectacle of ‘otherness’ might be considered alongside aspects of ethnicity, cultural belonging and national identity within a Norwegian context. Secondly, to argue that identity is constructed as flexible and free-floating, which provides an opportunity to reconsider notions of ‘Norwegianness’ through musical performance. By proposing a decentred approach to analysing audiovisual texts, the author intends to shed light on how Karpe Diem's performances could be read as part of a discourse on nationhood in contemporary Norwegian society. Following this, the national trauma of 22 July 2011 should be considered a significant backdrop for the readings and critical discussions undertaken throughout this paper.
Food system sustainability for health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Kuhnlein Harriet V 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe how Indigenous Peoples understand how to enhance use of their food systems to promote sustainability, as demonstrated in several food-based interventions.DesignComments contributed by partners from case studies of Indigenous Peoples and their food systems attending an international meeting were implemented with public health interventions at the community level in nine countries.SettingThe Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Conference Center in Bellagio, Italy, where experiences from case studies of Indigenous Peoples were considered and then conducted in their home communities in rural areas.SubjectsLeaders of the Indigenous Peoples’ case studies, their communities and their academic partners.ResultsReported strategies on how to improve use of local food systems in case study communities of Indigenous Peoples.ConclusionsIndigenous Peoples’ reflections on their local food systems should be encouraged and acted upon to protect and promote sustainability of the cultures and ecosystems that derive their food systems. Promoting use of local traditional food biodiversity is an essential driver of food system sustainability for Indigenous Peoples, and contributes to global consciousness for protecting food biodiversity and food system sustainability more broadly. Key lessons learned, key messages and good practices for nutrition and public health practitioners and policy makers are given.
The host metabolite D-serine contributes to bacterial niche specificity through gene selection
Authors: Connolly James P R , Goldstone Robert J , Burgess Karl , Cogdell Richard J , Beatson Scott A , Vollmer Waldemar , Smith David G E , Roe Andrew J 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Escherichia coli comprise a diverse array of both commensals and niche-specific pathotypes. The ability to cause disease results from both carriage of specific virulence factors and regulatory control of these via environmental stimuli. Moreover, host metabolites further refine the response of bacteria to their environment and can dramatically affect the outcome of the host–pathogen interaction. Here, we demonstrate that the host metabolite, D-serine, selectively affects gene expression in E. coli O157:H7. Transcriptomic profiling showed exposure to D-serine results in activation of the SOS response and suppresses expression of the Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) used to attach to host cells. We also show that concurrent carriage of both the D-serine tolerance locus (dsdCXA) and the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island encoding a T3SS is extremely rare, a genotype that we attribute to an ‘evolutionary incompatibility’ between the two loci. This study demonstrates the importance of co-operation between both core and pathogenic genetic elements in defining niche specificity.
Decelerated genome evolution in modern vertebrates revealed by analysis of multiple lancelet genomes
Authors: Huang Shengfeng , Chen Zelin , Yan Xinyu , Yu Ting , Huang Guangrui , Yan Qingyu , Pontarotti Pierre Antoine , Zhao Hongchen , Li Jie , Yang Ping , Wang Ruihua , Li Rui , Tao Xin , Deng Ting , Wang Yiquan , Li Guang , Zhang Qiujin , Zhou Sisi , You Leiming , Yuan Shaochun , Fu Yonggui , Wu Fenfang , Dong Meiling , Chen Shangwu , Xu Anlong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVertebrates diverged from other chordates ~500 Myr ago and experienced successful innovations and adaptations, but the genomic basis underlying vertebrate origins are not fully understood. Here we suggest, through comparison with multiple lancelet (amphioxus) genomes, that ancient vertebrates experienced high rates of protein evolution, genome rearrangement and domain shuffling and that these rates greatly slowed down after the divergence of jawed and jawless vertebrates. Compared with lancelets, modern vertebrates retain, at least relatively, less protein diversity, fewer nucleotide polymorphisms, domain combinations and conserved non-coding elements (CNE). Modern vertebrates also lost substantial transposable element (TE) diversity, whereas lancelets preserve high TE diversity that includes even the long-sought RAG transposon. Lancelets also exhibit rapid gene turnover, pervasive transcription, fastest exon shuffling in metazoans and substantial TE methylation not observed in other invertebrates. These new lancelet genome sequences provide new insights into the chordate ancestral state and the vertebrate evolution.
Coping With Stuttering
Authors: Swartz Eric , Irani Farzan , Gabel Rodney 
Published: December 2014

Purpose:
The purpose of this research was to gain a deeper understanding about coping strategies by adults who stutter (AWS).

Methods:
A mixed methods approach was used to gather responses from 61 participants in response to a questionnaire with forced choice and open-ended questions. Participants were recruited via speech-language pathologists who forwarded the questionnaire to present and past clients who stutter.

Results:
Successful coping with stuttering had a positive correlation with a lower stuttering severity. The following themes where indicative of successful coping with stuttering: (1) living your life with stuttering, (2) managing stuttering with no negative impact, and (3) positive effects and speech therapy and techniques on stuttering. Unsuccessful coping with stuttering was described as: (1) avoidance, (2) negative impact on life, (3) treatment did not work, and (4) coping is difficult.

Conclusions:
The findings from this study indicated that AWS with a lower severity of stuttering cope better with their stuttering. Qualitative responses provided insight into how AWS perceive successful and unsuccessful coping with stuttering and how that impacts their overall quality of life.
Human 3D vascularized organotypic microfluidic assays to study breast cancer cell extravasation
Authors: Jeon Jessie S. , Bersini Simone , Gilardi Mara , Dubini Gabriele , Charest Joseph L. , Moretti Matteo , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
The cancer biology seed-and-soil paradigm recognizes the existence of organ-specific patterns of metastasization that drive the spread of selected primary tumors toward specific secondary loci. However, despite efforts to model the organotypic microenvironment, the organ specificity of cancer metastases needs to be elucidated. The relevance of this study lies in the generation of a human vascularized organ-specific microenvironment, which can be used to investigate and tune the extravasation process of metastatic tumor cells. Furthermore, beyond mimicking the pro- or antimetastatic signatures of different microenvironments, our microfluidic model provides insights into different properties of organ-specific endothelia. This study paves the way toward advanced in vitro models to screen for highly tailored organ-specific therapeutics and investigate key molecular pathways involved in organ-specific metastases.
Identification of the region of rice 13 kDa prolamin essential for the formation of ER-derived protein bodies using a heterologous expression system
Authors: Masumura Takehiro , Shigemitsu Takanari , Morita Shigeto , Satoh Shigeru 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Cereal prolamins, which are alcohol-soluble seed storage proteins, can induce ER-derived protein bodies (PBs) in heterologous tissue. Like maize and wheat prolamins, rice prolamins can form ER-derived PBs, but the region of mature polypeptides that is essential for PB formation has not been identified. In this study, we examined the formation mechanisms of ER-derived PB-like structures by expressing rice 13 kDa prolamin-deletion mutants fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) in heterologous tissues such as yeast. The 13 kDa prolamin–GFP fusion protein was stably accumulated in transgenic yeast and formed an ER-derived PB-like structure. In contrast, rice α-globulin–GFP fusion protein was transported to vacuoles. In addition, the middle and COOH-terminal regions of 13 kDa prolamin formed ER-derived PB-like structures, whereas the NH2-terminal region of 13 kDa prolamin did not form such structures. These results suggest that the middle and COOH-terminal regions of 13 kDa prolamin can be retained and thus can induce ER-derived PB in yeast.
Distribution and Habitat Associations of Juvenile Common Snook in the Lower Rio Grande, Texas
Authors: Huber Caleb G. , Grabowski Timothy B. , Patiño Reynaldo , Pope Kevin L. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis were once abundant off the Texas coast, but these populations are now characterized by low abundance and erratic recruitment. Most research concerning Common Snook in North America has been conducted in Florida and very little is known about the specific biology and habitat needs of Common Snook in Texas. The primary objective of this study was to describe the habitat use patterns of juvenile Common Snook and their role in the fish assemblage in the lower portion of the Rio Grande, Texas. Secondarily, we documented the relationship between age and juvenile reproductive development. Fish were collected during January–March 2006 from the lower 51.5 km of the Rio Grande using a bottom trawl and boat mounted electrofisher. Measurements of water quality and other habitat traits were recorded at each sampling site. We captured 225 Common Snook exclusively in freshwater habitats above river kilometer 12.9. The distribution of juvenile Common Snook was not random, but influenced primarily by turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Sex differentiation and gonadal development based on histological examination of gonads established that age 1 and age 2 Common Snook were juvenile, prepubertal males. There was no difference between the age groups in their overall distribution in the river. However, age 2 Common Snook were associated with deeper areas with faster currents, higher conductivity, and steeper banks. Overall, Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande show substantial differences in habitat use than their counterparts in other parts of the range of the species, but it is unclear whether this is due to differences in habitat availability, behavioral plasticity, or some combination thereof.
Received December 6, 2013; accepted April 7, 2014
The Influence of Bait and Stereo Video on the Performance of a Video Lander as a Survey Tool for Marine Demersal Reef Fishes in Oregon Waters
Authors: Hannah Robert W. , Blume Matthew T. O. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We evaluated how the use of bait as a fish attractant influenced the species and size composition of demersal fishes viewed with a stereo video lander at 160 sampling sites at Stonewall Bank, a deepwater rocky reef complex off the Oregon coast. We also studied the effectiveness of stereo video for generating estimates of fish length and distance from the cameras. Bait altered the species composition of fish encountered, increasing the mean counts of demersal fishes by 47%, with increases of 135–250% for Rosethorn Rockfish Sebastes helvomaculatus, Northern Ronquil Ronquilis jordani, and Spotted Ratfish Hydrolagus colliei. Increases in the mean counts of 35–150% for unidentified sculpins (Cottidae), Yelloweye Rockfish S. ruberrimus, and Quillback Rockfish S. maliger were nonsignificant. The calibrated stereo video lander provided acceptably precise estimates of fish length and camera to fish distance (range of three replicate measurements less than 3 cm for length and 20 cm for distance) for 34.3% of the demersal fishes that were counted. The precision of length and distance estimates declined with increased distance; acceptable estimates of distance were typical when fish were within 200 cm and were infrequent when fish were beyond 500 cm. Bait reduced the mean distance at which acceptable estimates of length and distance were obtained from 264 cm to 200 cm, but had no effect on mean fish length for the three most frequently encountered demersal species. The combined effect of bait on demersal fish counts and mean distance more than doubled the efficiency of the stereo video lander for generating fish length and fish–camera distance estimates.
Received January 22, 2014; accepted April 9, 2014