bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deaths Associated with Liposuction: Case Reports and Review of the Literature
Authors: Platt MS , Kohler LJ , Ruiz R , Cohle SD , Ravichandran P 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Tumescent liposuction is a common cosmetic procedure that is performed as an outpatient service in physician's offices and is largely believed to be safe. The protuberant areas of the body containing the undesirable fat deposits are injected with normal saline containing lidocaine and epinephrine for pain control and hemostasis, and the waterlogged cells are suctioned out via cannula through a small incision. We recently encountered three cases in which deaths were attributed to this procedure. Two showed fat embolization in the lung and one died from fluid overload. The osmium tetroxide post-fixed lung sections showed fat emboli in the interstitial capillaries and arterioles. We reviewed the recent literature and found that pulmonary thromboemboli, fat embolization, fluid overload, and lidocaine and epinephrine intoxication are found at autopsy in many cases. Forensic pathologists responsible for determining the cause and manner of death should become familiar with the postmortem findings and risks of liposuction therapy and communicate them to their clinical colleagues and communities.
A Fatal Case of Cocaine Poisoning in a Body Packer
Authors: Furnari C , Ottaviano V , Sacchetti G , Mancini M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 27-year-old man was carrying in his digestive tract 99 packages each containing about 10 g of a 86% cocaine powder. The courier died by acute cocaine intoxication due to inflation and rupture of four packages during a flight from Bogotá to Rome. At the autopsy, the external examination was unremarkable. The internal examination showed edema and generalized congestion of the organs.
Toxicological analyses were performed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry after solid phase extraction using Bond Elut Certify columns and derivatization with BSTFA/TMCS. High levels of cocaine and benzoylecgonine were found in blood (4.0 μg/mL and 17.0 μg/mL), urine (152.0 μg/mL and 512.0 μg/mL), bile (99.8 μg/mL and 54.0 μg/mL), vitreous humor (7.1 μg/mL and 5.8 μg/mL), brain (7.5 μg/mL and 3.5 μg/mL), and hair (55.5 ng/mg and 27.7 ng/mg). The presence of the cocaine and its metabolite in the hair suggested that the man was a cocaine user.
Hair Analysis of Seven Bodybuilders for Anabolic Steroids, Ephedrine, and Clenbuterol
Authors: Dumestre-Toulet V , Cirimele V , Ludes B , Gromb S , Kintz P 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Several bodybuilders, all winners of international competitions, were arrested for trafficking of a number of doping agents including anabolic steroids, ephedrine, beta-adrenergics, human chorionic gonadotropin, antidepressants, and diuretics.
In accordance with the recent French law against doping, the judge asked to test seven bodybuilders to identify doping practices. Hair and urine specimens were collected for analysis. After decontamination, a 100 mg hair strand was pulverized in a ball mill, hydrolyzed, extracted, and derivatized to be tested by GC/MS for anabolic steroids, beta-adrenergic compounds, ephedrine, and other doping agents. Urine was analyzed for anabolic steroids and metabolites, beta-adrenergic compounds, ephedrine, and human chorionic gonadotropin, in addition to a broad spectrum screening with GC/MS.
The following compounds were detected in urine: ephedrine (29 and 36 ng/ml, n = 2), clenbuterol (0.2 to 0.3 ng/ml, n = 3), norandrosterone (4.7 to 100.7 ng/ml, n = 7), norethiocholanolone (0.9 to 161.8 ng/ml, n = 6), stanozolol (1 to 25.8 ng/ml, n = 4), methenolone (2.5 to 29.7 ng/ml, n = 4), testosterone (3 to 59.6 ng/ml, n = 7), epitestosterone (1 to 20.4 ng/ml, n = 7) and ratio testosterone/epitestosterone n = 6 for four subjects (18.5 to 59.6).
The following drugs were detected in hair: ephedrine (0.67 and 10.70 ng/mg, n = 2), salbutamol (15 to 31 pg/mg, n = 3), clenbuterol (15 to 122 pg/mg, n = 6), nandrolone (1 to 7.5 pg/mg, n = 3), stanozolol (2 to 84 pg/mg, n = 4), methenolone (17 and 34 ng/ml, n = 2), testosterone enanthate (0.6 to 18.8 ng/mg, n = 5), and testosterone cypionate (3.3 to 4.8 ng/mg, n = 2). These results document the doping practice and demonstrate repetitive exposure to anabolic compounds and confirm the value of hair analysis as a complement to urinalysis in the control of doping practice.
Typing Y Chromosome STR Haplotypes Using Redesigned Primers
Authors: Hou Y , Zhang J , Sun D , Li Y , Wu J , Zhang S , Prinz M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A panel of Y-specific STR loci, including DYS19, DYS389, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393 was analyzed using horizontal nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system (horizontal disk-PAGE). In order to obtain correct results for the larger DYS389 and DYS392 alleles, it was necessary to design new primers that bind closer to the repeat region and lead to a significant reduction of the amplified fragment size. Using the modified primer sets the horizontal disk PAGE results were consistent with a nondenaturing approach using fluorescent primers and a 377 automated sequencer. The modified procedure also amplifies the second repeat stretch at the duplicated DYS389 locus as a single fragment, which results in an immediate allele identification. The results indicate that horizontal disk-PAGE with silverstaining is a simple approach to type the recommended Y-specific STR markers.
Identification of Decomposed Human Remains from Radiographic Comparisons of an Unusual Foot Deformity
Authors: Sudimack JR , Lewis BJ , Rich J , Dean DE , Fardal PM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case of positive identification from decomposed human remains using an unusual foot deformity is presented. Scrutiny of the decedent revealed foot deformities, which upon examination, prompted further inquiry. Radiographic comparisons and defleshing each foot established bilateral talipes equinovarus (TEV, clubfoot). Positive identification was based upon unique skeletal features present in the radiographs.
Detection of Ketosis in Vitreous at Autopsy after Embalming
Authors: Steinhauer JR , Volk A , Hardy R , Konrad R , Daly T , Robinson CA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Ketosis occurs in ketoacidosis or malnourishment. When either is suspected in relation to a death, it may be important to analyze for ketosis at autopsy. We encountered a case where starvation was suspected in a deceased nursing home resident, where the body had been embalmed prior to autopsy. Gas chromatography (GC) was unable to separate acetone from formaldehyde, a component of embalming fluid. The Acetest is a simple test that can detect acetone and acetoacetate in body fluids. We validated the Acetest with GC on vitreous. The Acetest and GC were consistent except at very low levels of acetone or acetoacetate. The sensitivity of the Acetest for acetoacetate in vitreous was 10 mg/dL, consistent with early starvation. Significant interference from embalming fluid did not occur. The Acetest was negative in the described case. The Acetest is a simple and useful test for the detection of ketosis in embalmed autopsies.
Three Y-Chromosome STR Frequencies in a Population from Equatorial Guinea (Central Africa)
Authors: Alvarez S , López-Parra AM , Mesa MS , Jiménez V , Herrera SJ , Bandrés F , Arraztio A , Rubio JM , Arroyo-Pardo E 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Specimens were collected from unrelated apparently healthy males, blood donors from Equatorial Guinea (Central Africa). DNA was extracted from blood specimens using a bloodclean DNA purification Kit (Biotools) and typed in an ALF-Sequencer (Pharmacia). DYS19 alleles were determined according to protocols and allelic ladders kindly supplied by Peter de Knijff (1). Primers for DYS389I and DYS389II were synthesized according to Schultes et al. (2). PCR conditions for these two systems were modified as follows: a first denaturation step at 94°C 3 min; 5 cycles of 94°C 15 s, 58#x00B0;C 20 s, 72#x00B0;C 20 s, 34 cycles of 94#x00B0;C 15 s, 54#x00B0;C 20 s, 72#x00B0;C 20 s. Amplification products were typed with allelic ladders from our laboratory. Frequencies were calculated for all the systems through the gene counting method and gene diversity was estimated according to Nei (3).
Allele Frequency Distribution for Nine Fluorescent Based STR Loci in Tamil Population (South India)
Authors: Panneerchelvam S , Vanaja N , Goud CV , Sheeba A , Rao GV , Damodaran C 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blood samples were collected from unrelated Tamil-speaking volunteers. DNA was extracted by the salting out procedure (1). DNA typing was by PCR using 2.5 ng target DNA following manufacturer's instructions (AmpFlSTR — Profiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit — Perkin Elmer). Data were analyzed as per the methods already reported (2–4).
Population Data on the Three STR Loci in the Upper Silesia (Poland)
Authors: Raczek E 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blood samples from unrelated individuals were extracted using Kunkel's et al. (1) method with small modifications. DNA samples (2 to 5 ng) were amplified and typed according to manufacturer's instructions (2). Data were analyzed using a program provided by P. M. Miller (Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ). Htobs., Htexp., PD, MEC, MEP, and PIC were calculated using program provided by G. M. Dudek (Technical University of Czȩstochowa, Poland). The dataset can be accessed at: e-mail: medsad@slam.katowice. pl.
Haplotype Frequencies for Two New Y-STR Loci in Chinese Population
Authors: Zhang J , Hou YP , Tang JP , Li YB , Wu J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blood samples were collected from 104 unrelated male individuals of Han ethnic group in Chengdu of China. DNA was extracted using Chelex method (1). Primers for Y-GATA-C4 were redesigned by us. The sequences of the primers for Y-GATA-C4 were 5' -gtggaaccagcccaaatatc-3' and 5' -aatgctctcttggcttctcact-3'. Primers for Y-GATA-A10 were in accordance with White's (2). The PCR amplification conditions can be obtained at: http://www.legalmed.org/dna/y-c4a10.htm. The PCR reaction volume for each locus was 37.5 μL. The PCR products were analyzed by horizontal non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with discontinuous buffer system and visualized by silver staining (3). The diversity of haplotype, the discrimination power and the probability of exclusion for the two Y-STR loci were calculated according to Hou's method (4).
Review of: Craniofacial Identification in Forensic Medicine
Authors: Fenton TW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This excellent volume on craniofacial identification is evidence that the frontiers of forensic science are being advanced on a global scale; the 28 contributions are from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The editors of this book should be commended for their excellent work. Comprehensive and well written, it consists of 20 chapters organized into four parts, bringing together an impressive amount of information on craniofacial anatomy, analysis, documentation, and identification. What sets this book apart from others is its educational theme, which clearly outlines specific procedures followed in the forensic investigation and identification of human remains.
Do Resemblance Ratings Measure the Accuracy of Facial Approximations?
Authors: Stephan CN 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Since forensic facial approximations are used to promote recognition of a deceased person, an accurate forensic facial approximation (FFA) should be easily recognized as the person to whom the skull belonged (target individual). However, the accuracy of FFAs has been previously assessed by the direct comparison of an FFA to the corresponding target individual for similarity (i.e., a resemblance rating). Resemblance ratings may not indicate a facial approximation's accuracy since the resemblance of non-target individuals is not accounted for. This experiment tests the validity of using resemblance ratings to assess the accuracy of FFAs. The study indicates that there is no statistically significant difference between: (a) resemblance ratings of FFAs to target individuals and (b) resemblance ratings of FFAs to individuals incorrectly identified as the target individual. It is concluded that it is not possible from resemblance ratings to determine the accuracy and/or quality of a facial approximation since a non-target individual may receive a resemblance rating equal to, or higher than, the target individual.
A Study of the Effects of a Micelle Encapsulator Fire Suppression Agent on Dynamic Headspace Analysis of Fire Debris Samples
Authors: McGee E , Lang TL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The effects of a Micelle Encapsulator Fire Suppression Agent (F-500, Hazard Control Technologies Inc., Fayetteville, Georgia) on the routine analysis of fire debris samples by Gas Chromatography (GC) were studied. When mixed with water the product can be used in the suppression of Class A and Class B fires. Laboratory tests were performed to determine whether or not the product has any effect on the analysis for ignitable liquids by GC, in particular for gasoline, medium petroleum distillates, and heavy petroleum distillates. Test burns were suppressed using either the micelle encapsulator or water and samples collected from these burns were analyzed. The results of analysis show that use of the micelle encapsulator at a fire scene may affect the chromatographic data obtained from samples collected by the investigator. However, the effect does not prevent the identification of common ignitable liquids in fire debris samples.
Classification of Narcotics in Solid Mixtures Using Principal Component Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Ryder AG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Eighty-five solid samples consisting of illegal narcotics diluted with several different materials were analyzed by near-infrared (785 nm excitation) Raman spectroscopy. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to classify the samples according to narcotic type. The best sample discrimination was obtained by using the first derivative of the Raman spectra. Furthermore, restricting the spectral variables for PCA to 2 or 3% of the original spectral data according to the most intense peaks in the Raman spectrum of the pure narcotic resulted in a rapid discrimination method for classifying samples according to narcotic type. This method allows for the easy discrimination between cocaine, heroin, and MDMA mixtures even when the Raman spectra are complex or very similar. This approach of restricting the spectral variables also decreases the computational time by a factor of 30 (compared to the complete spectrum), making the methodology attractive for rapid automatic classification and identification of suspect materials.
Fiery Tongues and Mystical Motivations: Glossolalia in a Forensic Population is Associated with Mania and Sexual/Religious Delusions
Authors: Hempel AG , Meloy JR , Stern R , Ozone SJ , Gray BT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Comparisons are made between a nonrandom sample of 18 glossolalists and 130 non-glossolalists admitted to a maximum-security forensic hospital. The glossolalic mentally disordered offender exhibited a predominance of diagnoses in the manic spectrum, and was typically psychotic. The delusions, hallucinations, and crimes were predominately of a religious and sexual nature. Glossolalist perpetrators tended to be female. We review the extant research on glossolalia in both normal and clinical samples, and integrate our findings, the first study of glossolalia in a forensic setting.
Double Parricide: Forensic Analysis and Psycholegal Implications
Authors: Weisman AM , Ehrenclou MG , Sharma KK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In a retrospective study, eleven adult parricidal forensic cases from Southern California are presented. Each case involves the murder of both parents and was referred for forensic evaluation. Common characteristics among the eleven cases are presented. Two case examples illustrate features of recognized adult parricidal subtypes. The findings are compared with studies involving parricide, double-parricide, and extant case law.
Changes in Composition of Ballpoint Pen Inks on Aging in Darkness
Authors: Andrasko J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method for comparison of the relative age of ink entries written by the same ballpoint pen on documents stored in darkness is presented. Inks were extracted from the document and analyzed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). On aging, changes in the chemical composition of the inks were noted. These changes were similar to those observed when inks were exposed to light or heat. The aging was followed by using ternary diagrams constructed for dyes generally present in blue-colored inks—Crystal Violet, Methyl Violet, and Tetramethyl Para Rosaniline. The procedure is applicable for relative dating of ink entries in diaries, notebooks, etc., where often several ink entries are written by the same ink. However, a prolonged exposure of the document to daylight and/or artificial light (light from fluorescent tubes) as well as to extensive heat will render the whole procedure inapplicable. An example of the use of the proposed method in casework is given.
Validation of a Radiographic Method to Establish New Fetal Growth Standards: Radio-Anatomical Correlation
Authors: Piercecchi-Marti MD , Adalian P , Bourliere-Najean B , Gouvernet J , Maczel M , Dutour O , Leonetti G 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In forensic medicine, specialists might face difficulties when estimating age at death from fetal remains. Depending on the state of preservation, this age assessment is essentially based on the diaphyseal size of long bones. In a previous work, for the measurement of fetal femoral ossified shafts, we already established a simple and reliable method using a radiographic protocol. Since we previously stated that radiographic measurement values were closer to real anatomical size than ultrasonographic ones, in the present study we decided to check the importance of the difference between radiographic and anatomical measurements. Therefore, we dissected 30 pairs of fetal femurs and compared the difference between the two kinds of measurements (in percentages). This difference seemed to be slight (4.027%), but it was large enough to entail significant differences (p &lt; 0.001). In order to provide a correction factor for radiographic measurements, we established a linear regression formula, which was tested on another sample of 30 pairs of dissected femurs. As a consequence of the good results, we improved the linear regression using a powerful statistical tool: the bootstrap. Finally, we obtained a simple equation that allowed us to figure out the real anatomical size with an R2 of 99% and a mean relative difference of 0.153% (with a standard error of 0.252 mm, and therefore a 95% confidence interval with limits of -0.35 and 0.657 mm). This difference did not entail any significant differences (p = 0.498), and therefore, we concluded that with the proposed correction, radiographic measurements can easily be used by forensic specialists in their daily tasks or to establish new growth standards in order to best fit their population of interest.
Extension of the Color Suite Available for Chemical Enhancement of Fingerprints in Blood
Authors: Caldwell JP , Kim ND 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The use of ortho- and para-phenylenediamine (OPD & PPD respectively) for the enhancement of fingerprints in blood has been investigated. Optimal pH conditions and H2O2 concentrations have been determined using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Both OPD and PPD are effective and less hazardous alternatives to the presently used 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) for the development of blood fingerprints, especially on porous surfaces. The orange color of OPD and the purple color of PPD offer alternative colors to the brown color of DAB and the light green color of ABTS for standing out against particular backgrounds. Both OPD and PPD can be used after ninhydrin treatment, but the reverse is not the case.
Determination of ABO Blood Grouping from Human Oral Squamous Epithelium by the Highly Sensitive Immunohistochemical Staining Method EnVision+
Authors: Noda H , Yokota M , Tatsumi S , Sugiyama S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Using the highly sensitive immunohistochemical staining method EnVision+, which employs a dextran polymer reagent for the secondary antibody, the detection of the ABH antigens was attempted in the oral squamous epithelium. This new technique uses monoclonal antibody as a primary antibody and it takes about three hours for staining. The time is much shorter than conventional absorption-elution testing or absorption-inhibition testing for the determination of ABO blood grouping. Secretor saliva samples were stained at strong intensity by the antibody, which corresponded to its blood group and anti-H. On the one hand, nonsecretor saliva samples were stained at strong intensity only by the antibody that corresponded to its blood group, and at weak intensity only by anti-H. Since human oral squamous epithelium antigens were stained specifically by this method, we can examine the ABO blood group of saliva samples and perform cytodiagnosis at the same time.
Our research suggested that the EnVision+ Method is a useful technique for ABO blood grouping of saliva in forensic cases.
Detection of a Primer-Binding Site Polymorphism for the STR Locus D16S539 Using the Powerplex® 1.1 System and Validation of a Degenerate Primer to Correct for the Polymorphism
Authors: Nelson MS , Levedakou EN , Matthews JR , Early BE , Freeman DA , Kuhn CA , Sprecher CJ , Amin AS , McElfresh KC , Schumm JW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Quality assurance samples submitted from the NCSBI as part of a contract with TBTG to outsource DNA Database samples showed unexpected discrepancies for the locus D16S539 when all other loci yielded identical results. Discrepancies observed included allele drop out and an imbalance in sister alleles with samples returned from TBTG. This led to a comprehensive review of the technical procedures used between the two laboratories to determine the cause of the discrepancies noted for the locus D16S539, since both laboratories were using the PowerPlex® 1.1 typing kit from the Promega Corporation. The NCSBI and the TBTG utilize different extraction methods (organic extraction vs. FTA) and amplification conditions (AmpliTaq® vs AmpliTaq Gold®), respectively, so the exact cause of discrepancy observed was not immediately apparent. Experiments at the NCSBI associated the observed allele drop out and the imbalance of the sister alleles with the use of AmpliTaq Gold® and a hot start procedure.
Sequencing data revealed that a point mutation resides on the D16S539 primer-binding site that reaches polymorphic levels in African-American populations. This led to the development of a degenerate primer by the Promega Corporation to detect “missing” alleles when AmpliTaq Gold® is used. The degenerate primer was then thoroughly tested to show its efficacy in detecting the “true” D16S539 profile when used.