bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximal microclimate: Moving beyond spatiotemporal resolution improves ecological predictions
Authors: Klinges David H. , Baecher J. Alex , Lembrechts Jonas J. , Maclean Ilya M. D. , Lenoir Jonathan , Greiser Caroline , Ashcroft Michael , Evans Luke J. , Kearney Michael R. , Aalto Juha , Barrio Isabel C. , De Frenne Pieter , Guillemot Joannès , Hylander Kristoffer , Jucker Tommaso , Kopecký Martin , Luoto Miska , Macek Martin , Nijs Ivan , Urban Josef , van den Brink Liesbeth , Vangansbeke Pieter , Von Oppen Jonathan , Wild Jan , Boike Julia , Canessa Rafaella , Nosetto Marcelo , Rubtsov Alexey , Sallo‐Bravo Jhonatan , Scheffers Brett R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThe scale of environmental data is often defined by their extent (spatial area, temporal duration) and resolution (grain size, temporal interval). Although describing climate data scale via these terms is appropriate for most meteorological applications, for ecology and biogeography, climate data of the same spatiotemporal resolution and extent may differ in their relevance to an organism. Here, we propose that climate proximity, or how well climate data represent the actual conditions that an organism is exposed to, is more important for ecological realism than the spatiotemporal resolution of the climate data.LocationTemperature comparison in nine countries across four continents; ecological case studies in Alberta (Canada), Sabah (Malaysia) and North Carolina/Tennessee (USA).Time Period1960–2018.Major Taxa StudiedCase studies with flies, mosquitoes and salamanders, but concepts relevant to all life on earth.MethodsWe compare the accuracy of two macroclimate data sources (ERA5 and WorldClim) and a novel microclimate model (microclimf) in predicting soil temperatures. We then use ERA5, WorldClim and microclimf to drive ecological models in three case studies: temporal (fly phenology), spatial (mosquito thermal suitability) and spatiotemporal (salamander range shifts) ecological responses.ResultsFor predicting soil temperatures, microclimf had 24.9% and 16.4% lower absolute bias than ERA5 and WorldClim respectively. Across the case studies, we find that increasing proximity (from macroclimate to microclimate) yields a 247% improvement in performance of ecological models on average, compared to 18% and 9% improvements from increasing spatial resolution 20‐fold, and temporal resolution 30‐fold respectively.Main ConclusionsWe propose that increasing climate proximity, even if at the sacrifice of finer climate spatiotemporal resolution, may improve ecological predictions. We emphasize biophysically informed approaches, rather than generic formulations, when quantifying ecoclimatic relationships. Redefining the scale of climate through the lens of the organism itself helps reveal mechanisms underlying how climate shapes ecological systems.
An Imputation Method for Simulating 3D Well Screen Locations from Limited Regional Well Log Data
Authors: Kourakos Georgios , Pauloo Rich , Harter Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn groundwater modeling studies, accurate spatial and intensity identification of water sources and sinks is of critical importance. Precise construction data about wells (water sinks) are particularly difficult to obtain. The collection of well log data is expensive and laborious, and government records of historic well log data are often imprecise and incomplete with respect to the precise location or pumping rate. In many groundwater modeling studies, such as groundwater quality assessments, a precise representation of the horizontal and vertical distribution of well screens is required to accurately estimate contaminant breakthrough curves. The number of wells under consideration may be very large, for example, in the assessment of nonpoint source pollution. In this paper, we propose an imputation framework that allows for proper reconstruction of missing well data. Our approach exploits available information and tolerates data gaps and imprecisions. We demonstrate the value of this method for a subregion of the Central Valley aquifer (California, USA). We show that our framework imputes missing values that preserve statistical properties of available data and that remain consistent with the known spatial distribution of well screens and pumping rates in the three‐dimensional aquifer system.
Heavy metal and trace element alterations in patients during a migraine attack
Authors: Vural Sevilay , Türksoy Vugar Ali , Uzun Akgeyik Aytül , Kuşdoğan Mikail 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the heavy metal and trace element (HMTE) profile in patients with migraine (PwM) and to compare it to that of healthy individuals without migraine.BackgroundMigraine is a universal disease that affects more than 10% of the world's population; however, its pathophysiology is still obscure.MethodsA total of 100 participants were included in this prospective matched case–control study (50 PwM during acute attack and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls). The study was conducted in the university hospital in Yozgat, Turkey, where the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was used to measure the HMTE profile. The calibration curve was created with 11 points for heavy metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], cobalt [Co], lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], nickel [Ni], and tin [Sn]) and trace elements (antimony [Sb], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], magnesium [Mg], manganese [Mn], molybdenum [Mo], and zinc [Zn]).ResultsThe median age was 27 (23–37) years, and the female/male ratio was 37/13 for both groups. The PwM group had significantly higher As, Co, Pb, and Ni levels among the heavy metals (p = 0.033, 0.017, 0.022, and 0.021, respectively). Also, PwM had significantly lower Cr, Mg, and Zn levels among the trace elements (p = 0.007, 0.024, and < 0.001, respectively). The only trace element that was elevated in the PwM group was Mn (p = 0.001). The PwM and control groups did not differ in terms of Cd, Sn, Sb, Cu, Fe, and Mo (p = 0.165, 0.997, 0.195, 0.408, 0.440, and 0.252, respectively).ConclusionSome HMTE parameters are altered in PwM, which may provide additional insight into understanding migraine etiology.
The permanent flood risk of culverts and the impact of increasing debris blockage
Authors: Fallowfield Luke , Motta Davide 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydraulic modelling of culverts relating to the flood risk posed by debris in watercourses has previously only assessed the impact of fixed culvert blockage levels, without analysing the change in flooding as blockage levels increase. With increasing flow rates in rivers during flood events, there is concern that existing culverts may be undersized and therefore already posing a substantial flood risk regardless of them becoming blocked by debris. In this article, two‐dimensional (2D) flood modelling is used to produce flood maps detailing the change in flood area and property flooding as culverts become increasingly blocked at several sites in the Northwest of England. The results show a clear distinction between sites where the accumulation of blockage is the key contributing factor towards local flood risk, and sites where the presence of the culvert itself is the predominant flood risk factor. The blockage induced flood risk metric is introduced to characterise the contribution of culvert blockage to the overall flood risk.
Prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in intestinal failure syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shah Ayesha , Fairlie Thomas , Morrison Mark , Martin Neal , Hammer Karin , Hammer Johann , Koloski Natasha , Rezaie Ali , Pimentel Mark , Kashyap Purna , Jones Michael P , Holtmann Gerald 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with intestinal failure (IF) have abnormal intestinal anatomy, secretion, and dysmotility, which impairs intestinal homeostatic mechanisms and may lead to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the prevalence of SIBO in patients with IF and to identify risk factors for SIBO.MethodsMEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2023 for studies that reported the prevalence of SIBO in IF. The prevalence rates, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals of SIBO in IF and the risk factors for SIBO in IF were calculated using random effects model.ResultsFinal dataset included nine studies reporting on 407 patients with IF. The prevalence of SIBO in IF was 57.5% (95% CI 44.6–69.4), with substantial heterogeneity in this analysis (I2 = 80.9, P = 0.0001). SIBO prevalence was sixfold higher in patients with IF who received parenteral nutrition (PN) compared with IF patients not on PN (OR = 6.0, 95% CI 3.0–11.9, P = 0.0001). Overall, the prevalence of SIBO in patients with IF using PPI/acid‐suppressing agents (72.0%, 95% CI 57.5–83.8) was numerically higher compared with IF patients not using these agents (47.6%, 95% CI 25.7–70.2).ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis suggests that there is an increased risk of SIBO in patients with IF and that PN, and potentially, the use of PPI/acid‐suppressing agents is risk factors for SIBO development in patients with IF. However, the quality of evidence is low and can be attributed to lack of case–control studies and clinical heterogeneity seen in the studies.
Homocysteine in androgenetic alopecia: A case control study and observational experiments on mice
Authors: Zhang Yao , Sheng Youyu , Yang Qinping , Zeng Yibin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between homocysteine (HCY) and androgenetic alopecia (AGA).MethodsA case control study and two observational experiments on mice were conducted. In the first part, a total of 528 Chinese AGA patients and 500 age‐matched healthy controls were included. Serum HCY levels of AGA and controls were compared. In the second part, eight mice were divided into two groups. Both groups of mice had their hair removed. AGA group received a DHT injection, and the other as control group. HCY levels in hair follicles (HFs) were detected by ELISA and compared. In the third part, twelve mice were divided into three groups and fed with different concentrations of methionine. After 4 weeks, serum HCY levels, parameters related to hair growth through observation and HE staining, and expression of immunohistochemistry (IHC) hair‐growth‐related markers Ki67, VEGF, IGF‐1, Krt27, FGF9, and TGF‐β1 were compared among the three groups.ResultsIn the first part, HCY levels were higher in AGA than the controls of both genders. However, there was no difference in HCY levels between groups with varying severity. Rates of hyperhomocysteinemia was higher in AGA patients than the controls. Logistic regression analysis showed serum HCY levels was positively correlated with the incidence of AGA. In the second part, HCY of the HFs in the AGA group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The third part showed that the increase in serum HCY levels inhibited the growth of mice hair, with the less expressed stimulative markers Ki67, VEGF, IGF‐1, Krt27, and FGF9, while there was no difference in the expression of inhibitory markers TGF‐β1.ConclusionThere is a potential relationship between HCY and AGA. HCY had an inhibitory effect on hair growth. Further studies are necessary to explore the specific mechanism.
In vivo evaluation of T‐Scan in quantifying occlusal contact
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhao Zhe , Li Jiale , Zhao Ruifeng , Zhou Ming , Tang Kai , Bai Shizhu , Ma Chufan , Wang Fu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe T‐scan system has been used previously to analyse occlusion, but the quantitative analysis of occlusal contact by T‐Scan system has yet to be reported.ObjectivesTo evaluate the reliability and validity of T‐Scan system for quantitatively measuring occlusal contact area and occlusal contact number.MethodsTwenty‐two individuals with normal occlusion, 11 men and 11 women, were recruited for the study. Two occlusal analysis methods, including silicone transmission analysis method (STA) and T‐Scan occlusion analysis method (TSO), were used to make quantitative analysis to measure occlusal contact area (OCA) and occlusal contact number (OCN). A test–retest check was performed with an interval of 2 weeks. The values of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between test‐retest of each method were calculated for reliability evaluation. Pearson correlations analysis, paired t‐tests, regression analysis and Bland–Altman analysis were performed for validity evaluation.ResultsThe ICC values of STA were greater than those of TSO for OCA while for OCN, ICC values of TSO were greater than STA. The higher OCA and OCN values were found in TSO compared with STA. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated strong relations between TSO and STA (0.730–0.812) for OCA, while good relations between then (0.569–0.583) for OCN. Paired t‐test showed a significant difference between the OCA and OCN values between TSO and STA. Bland–Altman analysis showed good agreement between OCA and OCN values of TSO and STA both in men and women. Regression analysis identified a linear correlation between OCA values obtained from these two methods.ConclusionsT‐Scan method showed strong reliability for measuring OCA and OCN quantitatively. Strong correlations were found between OCA values from TSO and STA method, but the validity of TSO for measuring OCN needs to be promoted.Clinical SignificanceT‐Scan system demonstrates good potential in quantitative analysis of occlusion, which will expand its clinical application.
Clinical features, treatment, and outcome of juvenile dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology
Authors: Galer Jack , Forward Alexander K. , Hughes Jonathan , Crawford Abbe Harper , Behr Sebastien , Cherubini Giunio Bruto , Cornelis Ine , Royaux Emilie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe information relating to the outcome specifically for juvenile dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) is lacking.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome in a cohort of dogs with MUE <52 weeks old.AnimalsThirty‐four client‐owned dogs.MethodsMulticenter retrospective case series. Records from 5 referral centers were searched. Data was extracted from the medical records and referring veterinarians were contacted for survival data if this was not available from the record.ResultsThe mean age was 31 weeks; the youngest dog was 11 weeks and 3 dogs were <16 weeks old. Altered mentation (71%), ataxia (44%), seizures (29%), and circling (26%) were the most common presenting complaints. Neuroanatomical localization was to the forebrain (38%), multifocal (35%), brainstem (18%), and cerebellum (12%). Corticosteroid monotherapy (n = 15) and corticosteroid plus cytosine arabinoside (n = 15) were used in equal proportions. Outcome data was available for 26 dogs, 8 (31%) were alive at the time of data collection with a follow‐up range of 135 to 2944 days. Death or euthanasia was related to MUE in 17/18 dogs that died during the study period. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis demonstrated a median survival time for all‐cause death of 84 days.ConclusionThe prognosis for MUE in this subset of dogs was considered poor.
Income distribution, normal utilisation, and (re)switching of growth regimes
Authors: Huang Biao , Zhao Xiaokai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn important feature of the neo‐Kaleckian growth theory is that it distinguishes different growth (and demand) regimes: a profit‐led regime and a wage‐led regime. Both empirical and theoretical research have shown that growth (demand) regimes are not stable. In this study, we show that a change in income distribution can affect the normal capital capacity ratio, which can further cause a (re)switching in growth (and demand) regimes.
Factors influencing outcomes in candidemia: A retrospective study of patients in a Swedish county
Authors: Klingspor Hanna Thorold , Hällgren Anita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCandidemia is a diverse condition and associated with a broad spectrum of clinical presentation. As mortality is high, timely diagnosis of candidemia and start of correct therapeutic treatment are essential.ObjectivesTo investigate characteristics and factors influencing outcomes for patients with candidemia in a Swedish setting.MethodAll positive blood cultures for any Candida species in Östergötland County from 2012 to 2016 were screened. Medical records of patients fulfilling all inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed to obtain data on risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and at what wards candidemia was diagnosed. Univariate logistic regression and multivariable regression analysis were used to obtain odds ratio to determine risk factors for 30‐day all‐cause mortality associated with candidemia. A p‐value <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf all analysed risk factors, increasing age, renal failure with haemodialysis, immunosuppressant treatment, and severity of the infection (i.e. if septic shock was present) were significantly associated with 30‐day mortality in univariate analysis (p < .05). Removal of a central venous catheter or an infectious diseases consultant was associated with a significantly lower odds ratio for death at 30 days (p < .05). With multivariable analysis, age, time to start of treatment and infectious disease consultant remained significant (p < .05).ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provides an update of the epidemiology and outcomes of candidemia in a Swedish setting, highlighting that patients with candidemia are present at various departments and indicates the importance of an infectious disease consultant when candidemia is present.
Yemen can't wait: A case study and insider's account of a unique success by the US peace movement to help end a calamitous war
Authors: Martin Kevin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeace, disarmament, and anti‐war advocacy in the United States has a long and proud history, while facing longstanding challenges to its effectiveness given the overwhelming militaristic and undemocratic issues facing the country. A growing trend toward intersectionality is necessary and welcome, but not yet bearing much fruit in terms of progress toward de‐militarizing US foreign (and domestic) policy. However, peace forces within the United States are continuously at work despite the national government's foreign policy priorities. This article will provide a snapshot of the peace movement, its priorities, actions, and prospects for the future in addressing the perplexing and difficult path to peace in the war in Yemen.
Artificial intelligence and personalized diagnostics in periodontology: A narrative review
Authors: Pitchika Vinay , Büttner Martha , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeriodontal diseases pose a significant global health burden, requiring early detection and personalized treatment approaches. Traditional diagnostic approaches in periodontology often rely on a “one size fits all” approach, which may overlook the unique variations in disease progression and response to treatment among individuals. This narrative review explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and personalized diagnostics in periodontology, emphasizing the potential for tailored diagnostic strategies to enhance precision medicine in periodontal care. The review begins by elucidating the limitations of conventional diagnostic techniques. Subsequently, it delves into the application of AI models in analyzing diverse data sets, such as clinical records, imaging, and molecular information, and its role in periodontal training. Furthermore, the review also discusses the role of research community and policymakers in integrating personalized diagnostics in periodontal care. Challenges and ethical considerations associated with adopting AI‐based personalized diagnostic tools are also explored, emphasizing the need for transparent algorithms, data safety and privacy, ongoing multidisciplinary collaboration, and patient involvement. In conclusion, this narrative review underscores the transformative potential of AI in advancing periodontal diagnostics toward a personalized paradigm, and their integration into clinical practice holds the promise of ushering in a new era of precision medicine for periodontal care.
The Effect of Using Anchored Wake Time to Derive 24‐h Device Measured Circadian Physical Behavior Patterns
Authors: Granat Malcolm H. , Ahmadi Matthew N. , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Hamer Mark 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionTailoring physical activity interventions to individual chronotypes and preferences by time of day could promote more effective and sustainable behavior change; however, our understanding of circadian physical behavior patterns is very limited.ObjectiveTo characterize and compare 24‐h physical behavior patterns expressed relative to clock time (the standard measurement of time‐based on a 24‐h day) versus wake‐up time in a large British cohort age 46.MethodsData were analyzed from 4979 participants in the age 46 sweep of the 1970 British Cohort Study who had valid activPAL accelerometer data across ≥4 days. Average steps and upright time (time standing plus time stepping) per 30‐min interval were determined for weekdays and weekends, both in clock time and synchronized to individual wake‐up times.ResultsThe mean weekday steps were 9588, and the mean weekend steps were 9354. The mean weekday upright time was 6.6 h, and the mean weekend upright time was 6.4 h. When synchronized to wake‐up time, steps peaked 1 h after waking on weekdays and 2.5 h after waking on weekends. Upright time peaked immediately, in the first 30‐min window, after waking on both weekdays and weekends.ConclusionsAligning accelerometer data to wake‐up times revealed distinct peaks in stepping and upright times shortly after waking. Activity built up more gradually across clock time in the mornings, especially on weekends. Synchronizing against wake‐up times highlighted the importance of circadian rhythms and personal schedules in understanding population 24‐h physical behavior patterns, and this may have important implications for promoting more effective and sustainable behavior change.