bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete Dipole Approximation Analysis of Plasmonic Core/Alloy Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Maye Mathew M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of Au/AuxAg1−x core/alloy nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated by means of the discrete dipole approximation. The core/alloy microstructure was varied by changing the shell alloy composition x, its thickness tS, and the shell thickness to core radius ratio (tS/rC) in the range of 0.05–1.0. These changes resulted in a novel tuning of SPR shape, frequency, and extinction. These models were compared with experimental results for Au/AuxAg1−x NPs prepared by a microwave‐mediated hydrothermal processing method, which produces core/alloy NPs with SPR signatures closely resembling those of the models.
Effectiveness of Psychotherapy in Personality Disorders Not Otherwise Specified: A Comparison of Different Treatment Modalities
Authors: Horn Eva K. , Bartak Anna , Meerman Anke M. M. A. , Rossum Bert V. , Ziegler Uli M. , Thunnissen Moniek , Soons Mirjam , Andrea Helene , Hamers Elisabeth F. M. , Emmelkamp Paul M. G. , Stijnen Theo , Busschbach Jan J. V. , Verheul Roel 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveAlthough personality disorder not otherwise specified (PDNOS) is highly prevalent and associated with a high burden of disease, only a few treatment studies in this patient group exist. This study is the first to investigate the effectiveness of different modalities of psychotherapy in patients with PDNOS, i.e., short‐term (up to 6 months) and long‐term (more than 6 months) outpatient, day hospital, and inpatient psychotherapy.MethodA total of 205 patients with PDNOS were assigned to one of six treatment modalities. Effectiveness was assessed over 60 months after baseline. The primary outcome measure was symptom severity, and the secondary outcome measures included psychosocial functioning and quality of life. The study design was quasi‐experimental, and the multiple propensity score was used to control for initial differences between treatment groups.ResultsAll treatment modalities showed positive outcomes, especially in terms of improvements of symptom severity and social role functioning. At 12‐month follow‐up, after adjustment for initial differences between the treatment groups, short‐term outpatient psychotherapy and short‐term inpatient psychotherapy showed most improvement and generally outperformed the other modalities concerning symptom severity. At 60 months after baseline, effectiveness remained but observed differences between modalities mostly diminished.ConclusionPatients with PDNOS benefit from psychotherapy both at short‐term and long‐term follow‐up. Short‐term outpatient psychotherapy and short‐term inpatient psychotherapy seem to be superior to the other treatment modalities at 12‐month follow‐up. At 60‐month follow‐up, treatments showed mostly comparable effectiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages

The effectiveness of different modalities of psychotherapy in patients with PDNOS (i.e., short‐term vs long‐term; outpatient versus day hospital versus inpatient psychotherapy) has not yet been compared.
Different modalities of psychotherapy are effective for patients with PDNOS, and positive effects remain after 5 years.
In patients with PDNOS short‐term (less than 6 months) outpatient psychotherapy and short‐term inpatient psychotherapy seem to be superior to the four other treatment modalities at 12‐month follow‐up.
At 60‐month follow‐up, treatments showed mostly comparable effectiveness.
Design and Functionalization of Photocatalytic Systems within Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Qian Xufang , Fuku Kojirou , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Kamegawa Takashi , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Front Cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Hiromi Yamashita from Osaka University. The image shows four photocatalytic systems assembled on transparent mesoporous silica materials with the background of environmental remedy and solar energy utilization. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201400111
Investigating dynamic pain sensitivity in the context of the fear‐avoidance model
Authors: Gay C.W. , Horn M.E. , Bishop M.D. , Robinson M.E. , Bialosky J.E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough nearly everyone at some point in their lives experiences back pain; the amount of interference with routine activity varies significantly. The fear‐avoidance (FA) model of chronic pain explains how psychological variables, such as fear, act as mediating factors influencing the relationship between clinical pain intensity and the amount of interference with daily activities. What remains less clear is how other mediating factors fit within this model. The primary objective of this report was to examine the extent to which a dynamic measure of pain sensitivity provides additional information within the context of the FA model.MethodTo address our primary objective, classic mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted on baseline clinical, psychological and quantitative sensory measures obtained on 67 subjects with back pain (mean age, 31.4 ± 12.1 years; 70% female).ResultsThere was a moderately strong relationship (r = 0.52; p < 0.01) between clinical pain intensity and interference, explaining about 27% of the variance in the outcome. Mediation analyses confirmed fear partially mediated the total effect of clinical pain intensity on interference (Δβ = 0.27; p < 0.01), and accounted for an additional 16% of the variance. In our FA model, pain sensitivity did not demonstrate additional indirect effects; however, it did moderate the strength of indirect effects of fear.ConclusionThis preliminary modelling suggests complex interactions exist between pain‐related fear and pain sensitivity measures that further explain individual differences in behaviour.
Out of sight, but not out of mind? Greater reported pain in patients who spontaneously look away during venepuncture
Authors: Vijayan R. , Scott G. , Brownlie W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundVarious external factors can influence patients’ experiences of noxious stimuli, but little is known of how patients’ natural behaviour may be relevant. We ascertained how often patients spontaneously look or look away during venepuncture and associated reports of pain during a previously reported experimental randomized study. The study was conducted in the outpatient department of a UK district general hospital.MethodsPatients were randomized to hearing ‘sharp scratch’ or the verbal cue ‘ready?’ immediately before venepuncture. Whether patients looked or looked away during needle insertion was recorded. Patients were asked to rate their pain using a verbal numerical rating score (VNRS) and verbal response scale (VRS).ResultsOne hundred ninety‐two patients were included; mean age 51.7 years, 55% male. During needle insertion, 73% spontaneously looked away, whereas 27% looked. There was no significant difference in the proportion of these patients assigned to the ‘sharp scratch’ or ‘ready?’ groups, nor was there any difference in mean age or gender. For the group that looked, mean VNRS was 0.48 and VRS was 1.27, significantly less than the group that looked away (mean VNRS 0.94, p = 0.014; VRS 1.61, p = 0.002). As previously reported, pain ratings between ‘sharp scratch’ and ‘ready?’ groups were not significantly different.ConclusionsAlmost three quarters of patients spontaneously look away during venepuncture, but their pain ratings are almost twice that of the quarter of patients who look. It is unclear why this may be, but previous experimental studies indicate that observing the body when a noxious stimulus is applied can have an analgesic effect.
Replacement of sugar in the product formulation of “Bomboyson” by jaggery
Authors: Gartaula Ghanendra , Bhattarai Mahendra 
Published: May 2014

Abstract“Bomboyson” is a traditional heat desiccated dairy product of eastern Nepal, prepared using khoa, sugar, and ghee, and has a great commercial potential. This study was carried out to standardize the product and study its nutritive value and storage life for the organized production. The formulation was based on survey and the best product was selected using 9‐point hedonic rating scale method. The sugar in the best product was replaced by jaggery, and both were compared with the most popular market product for sensory and nutritional qualities. The products were stored at ambient (25°C) and refrigerated (5°C) temperatures to study the microbiological qualities. Bomboyson prepared from 100 parts khoa, 40 parts sugar, and 20 parts ghee was found to be superior (P < 0.05) in terms of overall sensory attributes. The proximate composition of sugar‐added bomboyson was found to be 8.98 ± 0.04% moisture, 28.66 ± 1.16% fat, 16.42 ± 0.56% protein, 1.08 ± 0.12% total ash, 44.86 ± 0.86% carbohydrate, and 91.02 ± 0.04% total solids. The proximate composition of control and sugar‐added product were same (P > 0.05) while both the product had lower contents (P < 0.05) of moisture and total ash than the jaggery‐added product. The microbiological study confirmed that the products were acceptable throughout the storage period of 28 days at 5°C and 21 days at 25°C.
American society for apheresis guidelines on the use of apheresis in clinical practice: Practical, concise, evidence‐based recommendations for the apheresis practitioner
Authors: Winters Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe 6th Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice published by the American Society of Apheresis provide practical, concise, and evidence based guidance for the apheresis medicine practitioner. The overall format of the Guidelines has remained unchanged with the 6th edition, compared to the 5th edition, with enhancements in the committee process of creating the guidelines. Because of changes in the writing committee structure, a number of changes have occurred in the ASFA category and recommendation grade for the use of apheresis in the treatment for a number of previously categorized clinical indications. In addition, eight new indications for apheresis, twenty three new clinical situations for previously categorized diseases, and ten new apheresis treatments for previously categorized disorders have been added. The 6th Guidelines continue to be an invaluable resource for those involved in apheresis medicine. J. Clin. Apheresis 29:191–193, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in the use of evidence‐based therapy for resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Snyder Rebecca A. , Penson David F. , Ni Shenghua , Koyama Tatsuki , Merchant Nipun B. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectivesTwo pivotal randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the Intergroup (INT‐0116) and Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy (MAGIC) trials, demonstrated a survival benefit of multimodality therapy in patients with resectable gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine utilization rates of these treatment regimens in the United States and to identify factors associated with receipt of evidence‐based care.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with Stage IB–IV (M0) gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent resection from 1991 to 2009 using the linked SEER–Medicare database.ResultsOnly 19.1% of patients received post‐operative chemoradiation therapy (CRT), and 1.9% received peri‐operative chemotherapy; most patients underwent surgery alone (60.9%). Patients with more advanced stage, younger age, and fewer comorbidities were more likely to receive evidence‐based care. We found no association between National Cancer Institute (NCI) designation and delivery of multimodality therapy. However, patients who underwent medical oncology consultation were much more likely to receive evidence‐based treatment (OR 3.10, 95% CI 2.35–4.09).ConclusionsRates of peri‐operative chemotherapy and post‐operative CRT in patients with resected gastric cancer remain remarkably low, despite high‐quality RCT evidence demonstrating their benefit. Furthermore, NCI designation does not appear to be associated with administration of evidence‐based treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:285–290. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractional laser for vitiligo treated by 10 600 nm ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser followed by sun exposure
Authors: Hélou J. , Maatouk I. , Obeid G. , Moutran R. , Stéphan F. , Tomb R. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundVitiligo is an acquired disorder of the skin and mucous membranes. Many patients with vitiligo remain in the refractory state despite the availability of numerous potential treatments. To the best of our knowledge, only one trial considers ablative fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of vitiligo.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of fractional CO2 laser followed by systemic sun exposure on non‐segmental vitiligo (NSV).MethodsTen patients presenting refractory NSV were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent three sessions, one month apart, of fractional CO2 laser therapy on the affected areas of the skin (L‐group). Five days after each laser treatment, patients were asked to expose themselves to the sun for 2 hours on a daily basis. Objective and subjective clinical assessments were performed at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The L‐group was then compared to a control group (C‐group) that consisted of vitiligo lesions in the same patients but with sun exposure as the exclusive therapy.ResultsCompared to the C‐group, the L‐group showed better improvement in both objective and subjective assessments. There were no noticeable adverse events in terms of scarring and Koebner phenomenon among others.ConclusionsAll patients treated with both, laser sessions and sun exposure, improved their chronic NSV lesions. Improvement was less significant in patients who exhibited vitiligo lesions over articular surfaces such as elbows and underarms. The best results were observed in vitiligo plaques located on the face, neck and legs. Consequently, fractional CO2 laser followed by sun exposure could be considered as an alternative modality for the treatment of refractory vitiligo, especially in sunny regions. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:443–448, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous Flow Photochemistry
Authors: Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDue to the narrow width of tubing/reactors used, photochemistry performed in micro‐ and mesoflow systems is significantly more efficient than when performed in batch due to the Beer‐Lambert Law. Owing to the constant removal of product and facility of flow chemical scalability, the degree of degradation observed is generally decreased and the productivity of photochemical processes is increased. In this Personal Account, we describe a wide range of photochemical transformations we have examined using both visible and UV light, covering cyclizations, intermolecular couplings, radical polymerizations, as well as singlet oxygen oxygenations.
Production of kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside from glucose using engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Yang So-Mi , Han So Hyun , Kim Bong-Gyu , Ahn Joong-Hoon 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous phenolic compounds and at least 9,000 have been isolated from plants. Most flavonoids have been isolated and assessed in terms of their biological activities. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are efficient systems for the synthesis of flavonoids. Kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside has notable biological activities such as the inhibition of the proliferation of breast cancer cells, the absorption of glucose in the intestines, and the inhibition of the self-assembly of beta amyloids. We attempted to synthesize kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside from glucose in E. coli. Five flavonoid biosynthetic genes [tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonol synthase (FLS), and flavonol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase (UGT78D1)] from tyrosine were introduced into E. coli that was engineered to increase tyrosine production. By using this approach, the production of kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside increased to 57 mg/L.
Antioxidant Activity of Soybean Oil Containing 4‐Vinylsyringol Obtained from Decarboxylated Sinapic Acid
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Yu , Yang Dan , Zhang Hua , Jia Cai‐Hua , Shin Jung‐Ah , Hong Soon Taek , Lee Yong‐Hwa , Jang Young‐Seok , Lee Ki‐Teak 
Published: May 2014

Abstract4‐Vinylsyringol was produced by decarboxylation from sinapic acid. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of 4‐vinylsyringol, 500 ppm of 4‐vinylsyringol, sinapic acid, or α‐tocopherol was added to soybean oil and the oxidation processes were monitored by the peroxide value (PV), the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value (TBARS) assay, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The results obtained by PV and TBARS indicated that soybean oil containing 4‐vinylsyringol (SBO‐VS) showed the highest oxidative stability. 1H‐NMR analysis also showed concurring results. After 19 days of oxidation, the degradation rates of linoleic acid (4.2 %) and linolenic acid (4.4 %) in SBO‐VS were significantly lower than those in other oils. Secondary oxidation products (i.e. aldehydes) were undetectable in SBO‐VS by 1H NMR, whereas concentrations of such compounds in soybean oils containing α‐tocopherol or sinapic acid were 38.0 ± 0.4 and 2.75 ± 0.2 mM oil, respectively. In addition, synergistic antioxidant effect between any two antioxidants was not observed.
SUR LES COMPOSANTES CONNEXES D’UNE FAMILLE D’ESPACES ANALYTIQUES -ADIQUES
Authors: POINEAU JÉRÔME 
Published: May 2014

RésuméSoit $X=\mathcal{M}(\mathscr{A})$ un espace affinoïde et soient $f,g\in \mathscr{A}$. Nous étudions les ensembles de composantes connexes des espaces définis par une inégalité de la forme $|f|\le r\, |g|$, avec $r\ge 0$. Nous montrons qu’il existe une partition finie de $\mathbf{R}_{+}$ en intervalles sur lesquels ces ensembles sont canoniquement en bijection et que les bornes de ces intervalles appartiennent à $\sqrt{\rho (\mathscr{A})}$.
Applicability and failure of the flux-gradient laws in double-diffusive convection
Authors: Radko Timour 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDouble-diffusive flux-gradient laws are commonly used to describe the development of large-scale structures driven by salt fingers – thermohaline staircases, collective instability waves and intrusions. The flux-gradient model assumes that the vertical transport is uniquely determined by the local background temperature and salinity gradients. While flux-gradient laws adequately capture mixing characteristics on scales that greatly exceed those of primary double-diffusive instabilities, their accuracy rapidly deteriorates when the scale separation between primary and secondary instabilities is reduced. This study examines conditions for the breakdown of the flux-gradient laws using a combination of analytical arguments and direct numerical simulations. The applicability (failure) of the flux-gradient laws at large (small) scales is illustrated through the example of layering instability, which results in the spontaneous formation of thermohaline staircases from uniform temperature and salinity gradients. Our inquiry is focused on the properties of the ‘point-of-failure’ scale ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}H_{pof}$) at which the vertical transport becomes significantly affected by the non-uniformity of the background stratification. It is hypothesized that$H_{pof} $can control some key characteristics of secondary double-diffusive phenomena, such as the thickness of high-gradient interfaces in thermohaline staircases. A more general parametrization of the vertical transport – the flux-gradient-aberrancy law – is proposed, which includes the selective damping of relatively short wavelengths that are inadequately represented by the flux-gradient models. The new formulation is free from the unphysical behaviour of the flux-gradient laws at small scales (e.g. the ultraviolet catastrophe) and can be readily implemented in theoretical and large-scale numerical models of double-diffusive convection.
Effect of adiposity, season, diet and calcium or vitamin D supplementation on the vitamin D status of healthy urban African and Asian-Indian adults
Authors: George Jaya A. , Norris Shane A. , van Deventer Hendrick E. , Pettifor John M. , Crowther Nigel J. 
Published: May 2014

Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the aetiology of infectious diseases and metabolic syndrome. These diseases are prevalent in the African and Asian-Indian populations of South Africa; however, there is limited data on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in these populations. The aim of the present study was to assess the vitamin D status and its predictors in healthy adults in Johannesburg. We assessed the vitamin D status of 730 adult African and Asian-Indian subjects residing in Johannesburg. The contributions of sun exposure, season, dietary intake of Ca and vitamin D, total body fat and body fat distribution to 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed. The concentrations of 25(OH)D were measured by HPLC. The contribution of 25(OH)D3to total 25(OH)D concentrations was assessed. The mean age of the subjects was 42·6 (sd13·1) years (range: 18–65). Concentrations of 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l were found in 28·6 % of the Asian-Indian subjects in comparison with 5·1 % of the African subjects (P< 0·0001). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were negatively associated with 25(OH)D concentrations, while season and sun exposure were positive predictors explaining 16 % of the variance in 25(OH)D concentrations (P< 0·0001) in the African subjects. In the Asian-Indian subjects, PTH concentrations were negatively associated with 25(OH)D concentrations, while male sex, season and Ca supplementation were positive predictors and explained 17 % of the variance in 25(OH)D concentrations (P< 0·0001). In the multivariate regression analysis, neither total body fat nor body fat distribution was predictive of 25(OH)D concentrations in either group. In conclusion, factors such as sun exposure, dietary supplement use and ethnicity are important determinants of plasma 25(OH)D concentrations.