bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic profile of gut microbiota in children during cholera and recovery
Authors: Monira Shirajum , Nakamura Shota , Gotoh Kazuyoshi , Izutsu Kaori , Watanabe Haruo , Alam Nur Haque , Nakaya Takaaki , Horii Toshihiro , Ali Sk Imran , Iida Tetsuya , Alam Munirul 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
The diverse bacterial communities colonizing the gut (gastrointestinal tract) of infants as commensal flora, which play an important role in nutrient absorption and determining the state of health, are known to alter due to diarrhea.

Method
Bacterial community dynamics in children suffering from cholera and during recovery period were examined in the present study by employing metagenomic tool, followed by DNA sequencing and analysis. For this, bacterial community DNA was extracted from fecal samples of nine clinically confirmed cholera children (age 2–3 years) at day 0 (acute cholera), day 2 (antibiotic therapy), day 7 and, and day 28, and the variable region of 16S rRNA genes were amplified by universal primer PCR.

Results
454 parallel sequencing of the amplified DNA followed by similarity search of the sequenced data against an rRNA database allowed us to identify V. cholerae, the cause of cholera, in all nine children at day 0, and as predominant species in six children, accounting for 35% of the total gut microbiota on an average in all the nine children. The relative abundance (mean ± sem %) of bacteria belonging to phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, was 55 ± 7, 18 ± 4, 13 ± 4, and 8 ± 4, respectively, at day 0, while these values were 12 ± 4, 43 ± 4, 33 ± 3, and 12 ± 2, respectively, at day 28. As antibiotic therapy began, V. cholerae count declined significantly (p< 0.001) and was found only in four children at day 2 and two children at day 7 with the relative abundance of 3.7% and 0.01%, respectively, which continued up to day 28 in the two children. Compared to acute cholera condition (day 0), the relative abundance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Veillonella increased at day 2 (antibiotic therapy) while Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcus decreased.

Conclusion
Cholera results expulsion of major commensal bacteria of phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, and increase of harmful Proteobacteria to colonize the gut during acute and convalescence states. The observed microbiota disruption might explain the prevalent malnutrition in children of Bangladesh where diarrheal diseases are endemic.
The ototoxic effect of intratympanic terbinafine applied in the middle ear of rats
Authors: Sagit Mustafa , Somdas Mehmet Akıf , Korkmaz Ferhat , Akcadag Alper 
Published: February 2013

Background Otomycosis is defined as an infection of the external ear canal with fungal agents. The treatment of the disease is cleansing and drying of the external ear canal, identification and treatment of any predisposing factors and application of topical antifungal agents. Terbinafine is used as an antifungal agent to treat otomycosis. We proposed to investigate the probable ototoxic effect of terbinafine solution on auditory brain stem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) when applied intratympanically in the middle ear of rats. Methods The experiment was performed on 30 female Wistar albino rats. Thirty animals were divided into three groups of 10 animals each. 1% terbinafine solution was administered to the first group (group T). The second group (group G) was administered 40 mg/ml gentamicin solution (ototoxic control). The third group (group S) was administered saline solution (negative control). Baseline DPOAE measurements and ABR testing from the left ears were obtained from the animals in all groups under general anesthesia. Ear solutions were applied in the middle ear intratympanically with a dental needle. Treatment was initiated after baseline measurements and repeated once every two days for fifteen days. Results Pre and post-treatment DPOAE responses for all tested frequencies of group T and Group S showed no statistically significant difference. However, the group G demonstrated a significant change in ABR thresholds and DPOAE responses. Conclusions Terbinafine solution is a broad spectrum antifungal agent effective in the treatment of otomycosis. The present study demonstrated that its direct administration in the middle ear of rats does not affect inner ear function as measured by ABR and DPOAE responses.
Localized Ewing sarcoma of the tibia
Authors: Kashima Takeshi G , Gamage Nimali G , Dirksen Uta , Gibbons Christopher L M H , Ostlere Simon J , Athanasou Nicholas A 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a high-grade malignant primary round cell tumour of bone in which there is commonly extension into extraosseous soft tissues at the time of diagnosis. This report details the clinical, radiological and pathological features of a case of ES of the tibia in which there was extensive osseous involvement but no infiltration beyond the periosteum into surrounding soft tissue. We also record the findings of one other ES case that exhibited similar behaviour. Both cases were male, involved the tibia and had the characteristic t (11;22) (q24;q12) translocation. No recurrence of tumour or metastasis has been seen in these two cases, both of which have had 6 years follow-up. Our findings indicate that there is heterogeneity in the behaviour of ES and show that localized ES is associated with a good prognosis.
Noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD
Authors: Pearce Steven G , Thosani Nirav C , Pan Jen-Jung 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of abnormal liver enzymes in both adults and children. NAFLD has a histologic spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. It is imperative to distinguish simple steatosis from NASH since the latter has a progressive disease course and can lead to end-stage liver disease. Liver biopsy has been considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of NASH. However, liver biopsy is invasive, costly, and can rarely cause significant morbidity (risk of morbidity, 0.06-0.35%; risk of mortality, 0.1-0.01%). Imaging studies such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging have limited sensitivity in detecting steatosis and cannot distinguish steatosis from NASH. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been used as a surrogate marker for liver injuries. However, ALT is not an ideal marker for either diagnosis of NAFLD or distinguishing steatosis from NASH. Better noninvasive biomarkers or panels of biomarkers that are cheaper, reliable, and reproducible are urgently needed for patients with NASH to assist in establishing diagnosis, providing risk information, and monitoring disease progression and treatment response. In this article, we plan to concisely review the current advances in the use of biomarkers for the diagnosis of NASH.
New urinary biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li CuiCui , Gong WenYu , Lou Tanqi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in developed and developing countries. Microalbuminuria is the gold standard for detection and prediction of diabetic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk disease in clinical practice. However, microalbuminuria has several limitations, such as lower sensitive, larger variability. It is urgent to explore higher sensitivity and specificity for earlier detection of diabetic kidney disease and more accurate prediction of the progression to end stage renal disease. We reviewed some new and important urinary biomarkers, such as: transferrin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, Cystanic C, podocytes, type IV collagen, 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, ceruloplasmin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and so on. We need good quality, long-term, large longitudinal trials to validate published biomarkers and find new biomarkers, considering biomarkers reviewed here are from small cross-sectional studies.
Mapping groundwater salinization using transient electromagnetic and direct current resistivity methods in Azraq Basin, Jordan
Authors: Abu Rajab Jafar Sadi , El-Naqa Ali Ramadan 
Published: February 2013

Hydrogeophysical characterization using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) and the DC resistivity sounding (VES) method was implemented in the central part of Azraq Basin (Qa Basin), Jordan, to identify and map the spatial distribution of shallow fresh and saline groundwater in the upper aquifer systems. The alluvium (Al) and chert limestone (URC) shallow aquifers show different degrees of groundwater salinization. The range of groundwater resistivity varies from 0.06 to 10.8 ohm-m. Saline groundwater was detected at depths between 5 to 30 m where the aquifers have a wide spectrum of resistivity values from 0.14 to 120 ohm-m. The integrated geophysical and hydrogeologic models are significantly correlated in chloride concentration, groundwater resistivity, and aquifer resistivity. Using 1D inversion results from the TEM and VES soundings in addition to quasi-3D modeling (1D spatially constrained inversion) at selected TEM sites, groundwater resistivity variation was attributed to two different salinization mechanisms. First, the spatial distribution of the salt content in mud flat deposits had a significant effect on the groundwater salinity. Second, in situ dissolution of near-surface rock-forming salts occurred at areas away from the mud flat deposits. The proposed hydrogeophysical models revealed the potential effect of both mechanisms in the study area.
The marine controlled-source electromagnetic method in shallow water
Authors: Mittet Rune , Morten Jan Petter 
Published: February 2013

We analyzed marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) acquisition in shallow water by analytic and numerical calculations. The problem at hand was the fact that the amplitude of the airwave due to a horizontal electric dipole becomes larger as the water depth is reduced. The amplitude of the scattered field from a buried thin resistor would be difficult to extract from the increased total field if the scattered-field amplitude were independent of water depth. However, we identified and explained a compensating effect where the amplitude of the scattered field increases with reduced water depth. This amplification effect makes marine CSEM surveys in shallow water feasible. We derived an approximate expression for the total field for a simple but realistic conductivity model. This expression explains why the amplitudes of the term that describes the background field contribution and the term that gives the scattered field from the thin resistor increase when the water depth is reduced. Our results and sensitivity analysis indicated that the sensitivity of marine CSEM data acquired in a water depth of 40 m is comparable to the sensitivity of marine CSEM data acquired in a water depth of 300 m.
Functional nucleic acids for detecting bacteria
Authors: Huang Po-Jung Jimmy , Liu Minchuan , Liu Juewen 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Bacterial infection represents one of the leading causes of disease and death, and as such, bacterial detection is an important step in managing infectious diseases. The current protocol requires growing cell cultures, which can take several days. Fast detection of low copies of bacterial cells has thus posed an analytical challenge. Among the new strategies developed to achieve this goal, functional nucleic acids (FNAs) have emerged to be a promising platform. FNAs include DNAzymes, aptamers, and aptazymes, all of which can recognize analytes other than complementary nucleic acids. FNAs are obtained using a combinatorial biology technique called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). FNAs have been isolated against not only purified proteins and surface markers from bacterial cells but also whole cells. A diverse range of signaling mechanisms including fluorescence, color, and electrochemistry-based detection has been reported. Although the majority of current sensors cannot achieve single-cell sensitivity, with improved combinatorial selection techniques and the incorporation of nanomaterials to realize multivalent binding and signal amplification, FNAs represent a feasible solution for bacterial detection.
Crystal structure of (N,N'-bis-(salicylidene)-(1S,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2- ethanediaminato)-nickel (II) hemihydrate, C112H93N8Ni4O12
Authors: Ding Shende 
Published: February 2013

Abstract C112H93N8Ni4O12, monoclinic, C2 (no. 5), a = 17.27(1) Å, b = 18.82(1) Å, c = 7.873(5) Å, β = 95.76(1)°, V = 2546.4 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0647, wRref(F2) = 0.2077, T = 293 K
The crystal structure of the low-temperature phase of (NO)2SnCl6 and ordering of the NO+ ions
Authors: Henke Henning 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
At ambient conditions (NO)2SnCl6 is isostructural with the corresponding titanium and vanadium salts which all crystallize in space group P4/mnc (Z = 2) and display a fourfold disorder of the NO+ ions. Below T
c = 229 K the diffraction pattern splits into the components of a quadruplet twin, but unlike for (NO)2VCl6 remarkable discontinuities of the lattice parameters are not observed.
The transition from P4/mnc to space group P21/n (Z = 2) occurs in only one step which at T
c = 153 K, the temperature of the crystal structure determination, consists of an adaptive tilt (5.3°) of the SnCl6
2– octahedra leading to a reduction of the cationic disorder from four to merely two N—O alignments, which are differently populated. Despite of the continuously proceeding transition, the phase change from the high- to the low-temperature regime has to be classified as a 1st order process.
Steric control over C=O...C=O interactions in M(S2COR)2(dafone) compounds: M = Zn and Cd; R = Me, Et and iPr; dafone = 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one-N,N′
Authors: Câmpian Marius , Haiduc Ionel , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Crystallography shows that with the smaller xanthate-bound methyl groups in Zn(S2COMe)2(dafone) (1) and Cd(S2COMe)2(dafone) (3) anti-parallel C=O…C=O interactions link molecules into dimers. These are further associated via π—π interactions into a supramolecular chain, and in the case of 3 into a supramolecular two-dimensional array via C—H…S contacts. Increasing the size of the organic residue, i.e. to ethyl and isopropyl in Zn(S2COEt)2(dafone) (2), Cd(S2COEt)2(dafone) (4) and Cd(S2CO-iPr)2(dafone) (5), does not allow for the formation of this supramolecular architecture. Instead, supramolecular chains are sustained by C—H…S and C—H…π(chelate) interactions (the latter exclusively in the case of 5). The presence of recognisable/significant π—π and C—H…S and C—H…π(chelate) interactions is not consistent amongst the series yet only two crystal packing patterns are noted depending on the presence of the C=O…C=O interactions. This observation points to the importance of overall crystal packing considerations of binuclear species in 1 and 3, and mononuclear species in 2, 4 and 5.
Solvothermal syntheses, structures and luminescent property of two coordination compounds constructed from 2,2′-bipyridine and dicarboxylate ligand
Authors: Haiguang Ji , Zhou Yun , Peng Yu , Wensheng Fu , Shuai Tingting , Du Jian , Huang Kunlin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Two d
10 metal coordination polymers, [Zn(CMTB)(bipy)] · (H2O)2 (1) and [Cd(CMTB)(bipy)] · (H2O)1.25 (2) (CMTB = 4-[(carboxymethyl) thio]-benzoic acid, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) were synthesized under mild mixed solvothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/n with cell parameters: a = 8.1083(16) Å, b = 17.194(3) Å, c = 28.646(6) Å, β = 97.96(3)˚ and Z = 8. It contains a one-dimensional (1D) chain structure that is further assembled into a two-dimensional (2D) network by the co-effects of the inter-chain C—H ··· O hydrogen bonds. Each Zn(II) is six-coordinated to four O atoms from two CMTB ligands, and two N atoms from the 2,2′-bipyridine forming a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. Compound 2 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P2/c with cell parameters: a = 19.656(4) Å, b = 10.716(2) Å, c = 19.455(4) Å, β = 94.10(3) and Z = 8. It displays two-dimensional framework and metal ion Cd(II) is octahedrally coordinated to four O atoms and two N atoms. Both Compound 1 and 2 are photoluminescent active and their emission properties were also studied.
Change in Lifestyle through Health Promotion Program without Face‐to‐Face Intervention in a Large‐scale Japanese Enterprise
Authors: Haruyama Yasuo , Fukuda Hiroshi , Arai Tomoe , Muto Takashi 
Published: February 2013

Change in Lifestyle through Health Promotion Program without Face‐to‐Face Intervention in a Large‐scale Japanese Enterprise: Yasuo HARUYAMA, et al. Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine—ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of a health promotion program with 2−3‐month Internet or printed material support without a face‐to‐face intervention at a largescale worksite.MethodsAn uncontrolled intervention was conducted. In 2005, 22,429 employees underwent a health check‐up and a lifestyle assessment. In 2006, 2,096 employees were recruited to participate in an intervention group (IntG), and the remaining 20,228 employees were allocated to a control group (ConG). After one‐year follow‐up, 1,888 employees in IntG and 15,474 employees in ConG were analyzed by Breslow's lifestyle index, overall prevalence of cardiovascular risk (OPCR) and 10% 10‐year risk based on cardiovascular risk factors in 2007.ResultsBreslow's lifestyle index (over 5 points) in IntG showed a higher OR (1.13 with a 95% CI of 1.01−1.26) than that in ConG. Compared with those with a poor lifestyle, the subjects who had maintained or improved their lifestyle showed a lower OPCR (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79−0.97; OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74−0.95 [p for trend=0.003]) and 10% 10‐year risk trend (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31−0.47; OR: 0.29, 0.22−0.37 [p for trend <0.001]).ConclusionThe present study showed that there was a modest lifestyle behavior change using a program without face‐to‐face contact. The employees who maintained and improved their lifestyle had a lower OPCR and 10% 10‐year risk. Future study should increase the number of employees actively attempting to improve their lifestyles at a worksite.
The Relationship between Age and Work Injury in British Columbia: Examining Differences across Time and Nature of Injury
Authors: Smith Peter , Bielecky Amber , Mustard Cam , Beaton Dorcas , Hogg‐Johnson Sheilah , Ibrahim Selahadin , Koehoorn Mieke , Mcleod Chris , Saunders Ron , Scott‐Marshall Heather 
Published: February 2013

The Relationship between Age and Work Injury in British Columbia: Examining Differences across Time and Nature of Injury: Peter SMITH, et al. Institute for Work and Health, Canada—ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age and the lost‐time workers' compensation claims in British Columbia, Canada, over three time periods (1997−98, 2001−02 and 2005−06). We examined if the relationship between age and risk of lost‐time claims is consistent over time and for different nature of injury categories.MethodsSecondary analyses of lost‐time workers' compensation claims combined with estimates of person‐years of exposure generated from the Canadian Labour Force Survey were performed. Analyses examined the relationship between age and claim risk using sex‐stratified regression models, adjusting for time period, occupational characteristics and whether the claimant was employed in the goods or service industry. Multiplicative interaction terms were used to examine if the relationship between age and lost‐time claim risk changed over time. Seven separate regression models were generated to explore the variation in the effect of age across nature of injury groups.ResultsWe observed important differences in the relationship between age and risk of injury depending on the nature of injury examined. A negative relationship was observed between age and lost‐time claims for open wounds, while a positive relationship was observed for traumatic injuries to bones, nerves and the spinal cord. We found no evidence that the relationship between age and risk of lost‐time claims changed over time periods.ConclusionsThe association between age and risk of lost‐time claims depends on the nature of injury under investigation. We found no evidence that the relationship between age and overall lost‐time claim risk has changed over time in British Columbia.
On the Mechanisms of Channel Fracturing
Authors: Medvedev A. , Yudina K. , Panga M. K. , Kraemer C. C. , Peña A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Channel fracturing combines geomechanical modeling, intermittent proppant pumping and degradable fibers and fluids to attain heterogeneous placement of proppant within a hydraulic fracture. The aim of this well stimulation technique is to promote the formation of stable voids or streaks within the proppant pack which serve as highly conductive channels for transport of oil and gas throughout the hydraulic fracture.
More than 10,000 channel fracturing treatments have been performed in over 1,000 wells during the last three years in shale-, carbonate-, and sandstone-rich reservoirs worldwide. The collective dataset on job execution and well performance shows the following trends: (a) low occurrence of near wellbore screen-outs (&gt;99.9% of all treatments achieving 100% proppant placement); (b) reduction in the amount of proppant required to complete treatments (in average, 43% less proppant than conventional techniques aiming at placing a homogeneous proppant pack as implemented in offset wells); (c) average initial and long-term well productivity and flowing pressures consistently meeting or exceeding those of wells completed with conventional fracturing techniques.
This paper summarizes findings from a comprehensive technical study focused on ascertaining the enabling mechanisms for these trends. Results from laboratory experiments (large-scale slot flow, conductivity, proppant settling), yard tests (well site delivery characteristics, proppant slug integrity), and well performance evaluations (surface treatment data, well production data and reservoir simulations supported by history matching) are analyzed collectively to reach the following assessments: (a) heterogeneous proppant placement is achieved; (b) the low incidence of screen-outs is the result of the combination of reduced usage of proppant and intermittent pumping of proppant-free, fiber-laden slugs ("sweeps") which mitigate accumulation of proppant in the near-wellbore area; (c) well productivity trends are driven by the concomitant occurrence of enhanced fracture conductivity - enabled by the presence of heterogeneities within the proppant pack- and the development of larger fractured area within the reservoir effectively contributing to production. The development of larger effective contact area is enabled by the use of fibers, which enhance proppant transport within the fracture and mitigate proppant settling.