bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Antimicrobial Properties of Prickly Pear Cactus Opuntia
ficus-indica (L.) Miller: An Update
Authors: Senouci-Bereksi Mohamed , Khadir Abdelmounaim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:
The use of aromatic and medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in the development
of new antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infectious diseases has become a very urgent
issue due to the emergence of microbial strains resistant to anti-infectious treatments. Opuntia ficusindica
(L.) Miller, also known as prickly pear, is a wild plant native to arid and semi-arid regions. It
can be considered a source of food or used for various production purposes, and it is widely known
for its beneficial properties. The different parts of this plant, such as cladodes, fruits, peels, and
seeds, could have remarkable therapeutic potentials due to their content of phenolic compounds,
polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, sterols, and other active compounds, and are safe for human
use. This includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, antiulcer, antiviral, and anticancer
effects, among others. The antimicrobial action of extracts and phytochemical compounds
from different parts of cactus has been shown in different scientific experiments against bacteria,
fungi, and viruses, and their therapeutic potentials have been reported, thus contributing to a decrease
in drug resistance. This article presents a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the
antimicrobial activity of Opuntia ficus-indica and the role of its phytocompounds in the fight against
antimicrobial resistance.
Psychosomatic Problems Among Adolescents During/Post the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shukla Meenakshi , Upadhyay Niti 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
This systematic review aimed at exploring the impact of the
coronavirus pandemic on adolescents’ psychosomatic problems and whether the
pandemic differentially impacted different genders.

Method:
An extensive search of eight electronic databases for studies
published/conducted between 2014-2018 for pre-pandemic prevalence of
psychosomatic problems among adolescents (11-17 years) and for studies published
and conducted between 2019-2023 during/post-pandemic prevalence resulted in the
final selection of 38 studies. This included 25 pre-pandemic studies, six studies
published and conducted during/after the pandemic, and seven studies that reported
pre-post-pandemic comparison. The review was reported following PRISMA
guidelines. ROBINS-E tool was used for assessing the risk of bias while the JBI
Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess study quality.

Results:
Findings showed that sleep problems and headaches dominated adolescent
psychosomatic problems pre-pandemic. Sleep problems continued to be the most
common problem post-pandemic, followed by stomach ache and feeling low,
dizziness, irritability, appetite loss, tension, and difficulty concentrating. In general,
females reported more psychosomatic symptoms, though limited research explored
gender differences. Only one study found improved psychosomatic health postpandemic,
more so for boys than girls. Psychological complaints increased postpandemic;
however, results were mixed about somatic and musculoskeletal
complaints after the pandemic. Some studies found no change in post-pandemic
psychosomatic symptoms.

Conclusion:
Gender-specific, tailored training programs are crucial for enhancing
resilience and coping to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on adolescents’
psychosomatic health.
Comparison of the Quality of Discharge Letters Written by Large Language Models and Junior Clinicians: Single-Blinded Study
Authors: Tung Joshua Yi Min , Gill Sunil Ravinder , Sng Gerald Gui Ren , Lim Daniel Yan Zheng , Ke Yuhe , Tan Ting Fang , Jin Liyuan , Elangovan Kabilan , Ong Jasmine Chiat Ling , Abdullah Hairil Rizal , Ting Daniel Shu Wei , Chong Tsung Wen 
Published: July 2024

Background
Discharge letters are a critical component in the continuity of care between specialists and primary care providers. However, these letters are time-consuming to write, underprioritized in comparison to direct clinical care, and are often tasked to junior doctors. Prior studies assessing the quality of discharge summaries written for inpatient hospital admissions show inadequacies in many domains. Large language models such as GPT have the ability to summarize large volumes of unstructured free text such as electronic medical records and have the potential to automate such tasks, providing time savings and consistency in quality.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the performance of GPT-4 in generating discharge letters written from urology specialist outpatient clinics to primary care providers and to compare their quality against letters written by junior clinicians.

Methods
Fictional electronic records were written by physicians simulating 5 common urology outpatient cases with long-term follow-up. Records comprised simulated consultation notes, referral letters and replies, and relevant discharge summaries from inpatient admissions. GPT-4 was tasked to write discharge letters for these cases with a specified target audience of primary care providers who would be continuing the patient’s care. Prompts were written for safety, content, and style. Concurrently, junior clinicians were provided with the same case records and instructional prompts. GPT-4 output was assessed for instances of hallucination. A blinded panel of primary care physicians then evaluated the letters using a standardized questionnaire tool.

Results
GPT-4 outperformed human counterparts in information provision (mean 4.32, SD 0.95 vs 3.70, SD 1.27; P=.03) and had no instances of hallucination. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean clarity (4.16, SD 0.95 vs 3.68, SD 1.24; P=.12), collegiality (4.36, SD 1.00 vs 3.84, SD 1.22; P=.05), conciseness (3.60, SD 1.12 vs 3.64, SD 1.27; P=.71), follow-up recommendations (4.16, SD 1.03 vs 3.72, SD 1.13; P=.08), and overall satisfaction (3.96, SD 1.14 vs 3.62, SD 1.34; P=.36) between the letters generated by GPT-4 and humans, respectively.

Conclusions
Discharge letters written by GPT-4 had equivalent quality to those written by junior clinicians, without any hallucinations. This study provides a proof of concept that large language models can be useful and safe tools in clinical documentation.
Healthcarepreneurship Training on Making Antibacterial Liquid Soap (Hand Soap) Made From Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Extracts
Authors: Antari Arlita Leniseptaria , Saraswati Indah , Annisaa Eva , Utomo Astika Widy , Ekawati Nuraini , Kurniasari Teny 
Published: July 2024

Healthcare is one of the critical elements of infection prevention and control, one of which can be done by maintaining hand hygiene. Hand washing with soap and flowing water has long been considered a parameter of personal hygiene and is a simple way to reduce the transmission of infections, especially those caused by hand contact between individuals. However, it must still be done by paying attention to the time and the correct way to wash hands according to WHO standards. At this time, various hand soap products have emerged but are not antibacterial. Antibacterial ingredients used as soap base should not contain various kinds of chemicals that are harmful to the health of its users. Therefore, the use of natural ingredients can be an alternative to substitute chemical active substances. One that has been tested for its antibacterial properties is hibiscus flower (Hibiscus rosa sinensis L.). This activity began with presenting the results of the screening on hand washing habits carried out 2 weeks earlier. The next activity is the introduction to making antibacterial hand soap made from hibiscus extract through material presentation and empirical evidence of the potential of hibiscus as an antibacterial, as well as videos about the importance of maintaining hand hygiene through proper hand washing regularly. The activity is expected to make the healthcare UMKM know and understand that hibiscus flowers, which are widely available around their residence, can be used as raw material for making hand soap that has been produced so far, so as to minimize the use of chemical-based antibacterials. The hand soap product produced later became a collaborative product produced by the community, and then registered a patent with the number S00202120213 on November 17th, 2021.
Pengembangan Paket Wisata Berbasis Sejarah di Kampung Ketandan Yogyakarta
Authors: Handayani Frida Anis , Pramusita Arina 
Published: July 2024

Kampung Ketandan adalah sebuah yang Pecinan yang terletak di Jalan Malioboro, kampung yang mayoritas warganya merupakan peranakan Tionghoa tersebut memiliki latarbelakang sejarah yang berhubungan dengan seorang Kapiten Tionghoa sekaligus menjadi seorang Bupati di Yogyakarta. Pada dasarnya, Kapiten Tionghoa merupakan seorang anak keturunan Jawa yang diangkat anak oleh seorang saudagar Tionghoa, oleh ayah angkatnya ia diajarkan banyak hal dan dikenalkan banyak relasi bisnis. Sang Kapiten menjadi seorang kepercayaan Sultan Hamengku Buwono III dan diberi penghargaan menjadi seorang Bupati Yogyakarta juga beberapa petak tanah di Yogyakarta. Beberapa waktu sebelum pengangkatanya sebagai Bupati Yogyakarta, sang Kapiten mendapatkan nama Jawa dan diberi gelar Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung. Hingga saat ini nama Jawanya masih dikenal khalayak umum, bahkan nama tersebut pernah menjadi nama suatu jalan di kota Yogyakarta. Dalam perkembangannya, arsitektur bangunan dan sosial budayanya di Kampung Ketandan telah banyak berubah, satu-satunya hal yang tidak berubah adalah sisi sejarahnya berdirinya kampung tersebut. Sejarah mengenai KRT Secodiningrat masih menjadi suatu hal yang menarik untuk diteliti hingga kini. Dalam artikel yang berjudul “Pengembangan Paket Wisata Berbasis Sejarah Di Kampung Ketandan Yogyakarta” ini penulis ingin memaparkan potensi sejarah dari Kampung Ketandan sebagai latarbelakang dibuatnya Paket Wisata. Penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dalam penulisan artikel ini, dari data yang dikumpulkan kemudian diolah dan didapatkan suatu permasalahan sekaligus solusi yang dapat membantu masyarakat setempat dalam mengembangkan Kampung Ketandan menuju Kampung Wisata berbasis sejarah.
Perceptions of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Behaviors Within Military Hierarchies
Authors: Baboş Alexandru , Rusu Marian Sorin , Bucăţa George 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Leadership styles play a critical role in maximizing military effectiveness. This article delves into the connection between leadership styles and commander performance evaluations. Utilizing the well-established internationally validated instrument MLQ-5X, we aim to highlight the value of transformational leaders within the Army.
Implementing Small Commercial Drones in Land Forces Operations: Considerations for Optimizing ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance)
Authors: Bojor Laviniu , Grigore Laurențiu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study explores the use of small commercial drones in tactical-level military actions, with a particular focus on optimizing ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) capabilities. During a 3-day tactical exercise, we analyzed the performance of 9 commercial drones, including DJI Mini 3, DJI Avata, DJI Mini 4, and DJI Mavic. The study demonstrated that these drones provide essential capabilities for real-time information gathering, facilitating rapid decision-making and improving the efficiency of military operations. Significant challenges were also identified, such as limited battery autonomy and vulnerability to adverse weather conditions. The results highlight the need for specialized training programs and an integrated approach that combines advanced technology with military tactics. Our findings suggest that commercial drones can significantly enhance the efficiency of military operations, but increased attention is required to understand the challenges that may arise due to the technological limitations of small commercial drones.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Weapon Systems in Military Operations
Authors: Cîrdei Ionuț Alin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the modern era, artificial intelligence and autonomous weapon systems represent an important step in the evolution of military conflicts. The ability of these technologies to make fast and accurate decisions in real time brings significant benefits to the military, improving the efficiency of actions and protecting the lives of soldiers.
Artificial intelligence can analyze vast amounts of data and information in a much shorter time than humans, thus providing critical information for decision-making in order to surprise the adversary and achieve strategic objectives. Artificial intelligence is becoming an indispensable tool for modern armed forces because it allows actions to be carried out with maximum efficiency that would involve a high consumption of human resources, time and would involve numerous risks for human operators, from data analysis to identifying enemy targets and anticipating adversary movements or even engaging adversary forces under certain conditions. At the same time, autonomous weapon systems, equipped with AI technologies, have the ability to act independently, reducing the dependence on human intervention and speeding up the response time in critical situations. These systems can detect and neutralize threats faster and more efficiently than humans could. However, the use of artificial intelligence in military conflicts raises numerous ethical and moral challenges. Concerns about the loss of control over the technology and the possibility that it could be mistakenly used against civilians or against protected targets have generated intense debate in the international community.
Countering Unmanned Aircraft Systems – A Multi-Domain Effort
Authors: Grigoraş Constantin , Muşat Octavian-Ștefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the last decades, the proliferation of the unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) has altered the modern battlefield and the need to counter these inexpensive, flexible, and expendable systems has become paramount. UASs come in a variety of sizes and capabilities, the larger ones may achieve effects compared to a cruise missile and the smaller systems are difficult to detect as they manoeuvre across the battlefield in order to successfully conduct tactical-level strikes. So it is a must to understand that countering this kind of threat is a shared and joint responsibility and the approach has to be a comprehensive one, covering a broad spectrum of military, civil and legal perspective on this subject matter. Moreover, as it is clear that there is a need to employ multi-domain solutions to nullify the UAS threat, nations should aim to achieve technical interoperability and standardization given by a common doctrine and operating procedures.
Determinations of the Strategic Military Actions on Economic Actions in the Conditions of Information Technology and Nonlinear Warfare
Authors: Grigore Laurențiu , Bojor Laviniu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, we refer to the impact of strategic military actions on the economic domain, in the context of nonlinear warfare, hybrid warfare, and the use of information technology, focused and based on the conflict between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, triggered in February 2022. Initially, the war seemed to be a blitzkrieg strategy, but in reality, the special military operation of the Russian Federation was a secondary component of the generalized economic warfare led by the BRICS countries against Western economies. Thus, the military action is essentially attrition-based with limited military objectives and more spatial conquests in the critical infrastructure zones of maritime and energy transport. It interesting and represents a novelty the comparison between the classical theory of war of the Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz and the doctrine of nonlinear warfare of the Russian general Valery Gerasimov, which highlights the transition from classical and conventional kinetic warfare to other modern forms of unconventional conflict (economic, political, diplomatic, psychological). The concept of fourth-generation warfare emphasizes the use of technique and technology, promoting flexibility and adaptability on a large scale, while the fifth-generation war, currently ongoing between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, is a continuation at another level and focuses on indirect actions and strategic economic objectives, expanding the battlefield much more into the virtual and psychological space. The article offers a comprehensive analysis of how modern warfare combines different domains to achieve strategic objectives in an increasingly interdependent world and provides an integrated perspective on its evolution, emphasizing the need for complex and multidimensional approaches.
Mission Command in Multi-Domain Operations
Authors: Sălăvăstru Claudiu-Marius , Raţiu Aurelian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The world is constantly changing and so are the requirements for conducting military operations imposed by the complexity of today’s operational environment. This paper addresses the appropriateness of mission command for multi-domain operations, a transformative concept in NATO that aims to orchestrate military activities across all physical environments, integrated with nonmilitary ones. Mission command is crucial in a multi-domain environment where there are no sanctuaries of safe areas. Advanced technologies have increased battlefield transparency and enabled adversaries to threaten critical infrastructure. Building trust, fostering relationships and promoting shared understanding are essential elements for successful employment of mission command in multi-domain operations.
The War of Hegemony: Power Against Freedom
Authors: Strechie Mădălina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The war of hegemony, known in historical sources as the Peloponnesian War represented not only a generalized military conflict of the entire Greek world since Antiquity, but also an entirely new war until then. Its novelty was manifested in the fact that they were not only military confrontations, but also genuine battles between ideologies, between interests, between ideas, between camps, between political systems. The League of Delos controlled by Athena, a veritable thalassocracy, faced the League of Peloponnesus, controlled by Sparta, the ancient state that had the best army in the world at that time. That’s why, the war of hegemony was more than a classic battlefield conflict, it was a war to maintain reputations. Athena represented civil democracy, but also thalassocracy (power of the seas), therefore it had to maintain its status as the great power of the world in that area, even forgetting its status of the polis of democracy, and Sparta, the military democracy that wanted to preserve freedom and all democratic ideals, although its policy was war. The war of hegemony, the ancient world’s first confrontation for influence and status, was the struggle between power and freedom, understood as independence/sovereignty, from which emerged victorious freedom defended by the most prepared army in the world at that time, the army of Sparta. Sparta, having won the war, named it after the Peloponnesian League, the alliance it controlled. The polis of Ares defended with arms the freedom, independence and sovereignty of the Greeks polises, defeating Athena, then a great economic power, demonstrating to the world that the money cannot defend or buy freedom.
Deciphering the Physiognomy of the Military Operational Environment – Factors and Characteristics
Authors: Tenea Laura-Alexandra , Tudorache Paul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic and detailed analysis of the key components that characterise the military operational environments and that should be considered to improve the effectiveness of the operations process. Also, it focuses on understanding how these salient characteristics might influence capabilities and tactics with particular emphasis on the adaptability of military forces in the face of rapid and unforeseen changes in the operational environment. The research objectives include identifying and assessing the impact of operational environment’s factors, and analysing how military forces adapt to these conditions to maximise their effectiveness. The results highlight the need for continuous adaptability and flexibility of the military forces to respond performantly to the ever-changing operational requirements. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates that military operational effectiveness is closely connected to the ability to anticipate, understand and integrate new technologies, as well as to adjust continuously designated strategies and tactics in the face of the challenges specific to the operational environment.
Tribute to Those Who Defy Death
Authors: Vladu Mircea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
May 31, 2024 marks the 165th anniversary of the historic decision by ruler Alexandru Ioan Cuza to establish the first engineer unit in the Romanian Army. This decision was materialized by the annotation „it is agreed”, made by Alexandru Ioan Cuza, on the report of the Council of Ministers no. 1902, which was the basis for the establishment in Moldova of the first engineer battalion of the Romanian Army. This engineering battalion was made up of permanent workers, it was financed by public funds, and was commanded by engineer Panait Donici - the Moldovan Minister of Public Works, a prominent personality of the intellectual elite of the time, who, after his appointment to the military position, was also awarded the rank of captain. The fact that the maintenance of the battalion was carried out with public funds was a support of the civil society to the Romanian Army, which during the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza had entered a complex process of restructuring and modernization. The task of the battalion was not only to carry out missions aimed at making land communication routes to ensure economic and social links and trade within the country, but also the provision of supplies for the military combat structures. In this article, I would like to talk about this 165-year historical evolution of the Romanian Army’s engineering structures and the factors that determined this evolution.
Resilience in Leadership Within the European Union – A Work in Progress
Authors: Brânda Oana-Elena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of the present article is to analyse resilience within the European Union, in the present geopolitical context. The article shall approach the term ‘resilience‘ both in a conceptual and practical manner, focusing on its very essence in order to be able to assess its presence and manifestation in EU foreign policy. Despite the term gaining traction in the aftermath of the pandemic, within the EU, it remains to be seen to what extent can the EU be considered resilient or simply coping with the course of events.