bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The targets of CAPRI rounds 20–27
Authors: Janin Joël 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTEight CAPRI prediction rounds with a total of 15 targets were held in the years 2010–2012. Only five of the targets were protein assemblies comparable with those of earlier CAPRI rounds. In one target, the solvent positions at the interface had to be predicted; another was a protein–polysaccharide complex. The remainders were designed complexes issued from protein engineering experiments, and the prediction concerned either their structure or the binding affinity of the designed ligand. Affinity prediction was a new experiment in CAPRI, and a challenge for its participants. It pushed the community into developing novel procedures and score functions that will improve the performance of docking methods, help designing binders, and yield better structure‐based estimates of the binding free energy of natural assemblies. Proteins 2013; 81:2075–2081. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transport behaviour of boron delta‐doped diamond
Authors: Scharpf J. , Denisenko A. , Pakes C. I. , Rubanov S. , Bergmaier A. , Dollinger G. , Pietzka C. , Kohn E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe electrical transport properties of two‐dimensional (2D) boron‐doped delta layers were investigated by a comprehensive analysis of physical, electrochemical and microscopic methods. The boron concentration profile was determined physically by elastic recoil detection (ERD) and compared to the doping (acceptor) profile extracted from capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements, giving a boron concentration of 2–4 × 1013 cm−2. Corresponding field effect transistor (FET) characteristics, based on the boron‐doped delta channel concept, measured in electrolyte, show good modulation behaviour but field effect mobilities in the range of 10−2–10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1 that are far below expected values. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) analysis was employed to shed new light on the transport behaviour of boron‐doped delta layers, revealing an inhomogeneous and interrupted morphology. Based on this finding, a hypothesis is proposed, modelling the delta layer transport behaviour via hopping and tunnelling processes between boron clusters.
Stable p‐type ZnO films obtained by lithium–nitrogen codoping method
Authors: He Shen , Chong‐Xin Shan , Ji‐Shan Liu , Bing‐Hui Li , Zhen‐Zhong Zhang , De‐Zhen Shen 
Published: July 2013

By employing lithium and nitrogen codoping method, p‐type zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been prepared, and the p‐type conduction can maintain for 207 days. ZnO p–n junctions have been constructed based on the p‐type ZnO. Under the drive of continuous current, obvious emission has been observed from the p–n junctions, and the ZnO p–n junction light‐emitting devices (LEDs) can still work after placing in air ambient for 180 days.Room temperature electroluminescence spectra of the p‐ZnO:(Li,N)/n‐ZnO structured LEDs under continuous current recorded intermittently for 180 days.
Advantages of using fecal samples for stable isotope analysis in bats: evidence from a triple isotopic experiment
Authors: Salvarina Ioanna , Yohannes Elizabeth , Siemers Björn M. , Koselj Klemen 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEStable isotope analysis in ecological studies is usually conducted on biomaterials, e.g. muscle and blood, that require catching the animals. Feces are rarely used for stable isotope analysis, despite the possibility of non‐invasive sampling and short‐term responsiveness to dietary changes. This promising method is neglected due to a lack of calibration experiments and unknown diet‐feces isotopic difference (Δdiet‐feces).METHODSTo fill this gap, we simulated trophic changes occurring in nature when animals switch feeding habitats, e.g. by moving from freshwater to terrestrial systems, from cultivated areas to forests or changing distance from marine environments. In a controlled experiment, the diet of two bat species (Myotis myotis, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) was altered to an isotopically distinct one. We measured stable nitrogen, carbon and the rarely used sulfur isotope in feces, and calculated Δdiet‐feces values.RESULTSThe feces acquired the new dietary signature within 2–3 h from food ingestion; thus, they are suited for detecting recent and rapid dietary changes. The Δdiet‐feces (Δ) did not differ between species or diet (overall means ± standard deviation (sd)): Δ15N: 1.47 ± 1.51‰, Δ13C: –0.11 ± 0.80‰, Δ34S: 0.74 ± 1.10‰. Only Δ15N for M. myotis was significantly different from zero and only Δ13C differed among the days of the experiment.CONCLUSIONSFecal stable isotopes can be now further applied in mammalian ecology. This includes a range of applications, such as studying changes in trophic level, resource or habitat use, on a short time‐scale. Such information is gaining importance for monitoring rapidly changing ecosystems under anthropogenic influence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between electrospray ionization behavior and cytotoxic activity of [MI(P)4]+‐type complexes (M = Cu, Ag and Au; P = tertiary phosphine)
Authors: Tisato Francesco , Crociani Laura , Porchia Marina , Bernardo Plinio Di , Endrizzi Francesco , Santini Carlo , Seraglia Roberta 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALETo try to find a correlation between the antiproliferative activity of a series of [MI(P)4]+ complexes (M = Cu, Ag and Au; P = tertiary phosphine) and their stability at micromolar concentration under mass spectrometric conditions.METHODS[MI(P)4]+ complexes were investigated by positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with multiple collisional experiments using an ion trap mass spectrometer.RESULTSThe displacement of P from native [MI(P)4]+, previously described for the copper derivative, is common for the triad complexes leading to the formation of [M(P)3]+ and [M(P)2]+ adducts. Further dissociation of [M(P)2]+ depends on the nature of the metal (Cu ~ Ag > Au). More labile [Cu(P)2]+ and [Ag(P)2]+ are more cytotoxic against HCT‐15 human colon carcinoma cells compared to less labile [Au(P)2]+ species.CONCLUSIONSThe dissociation of P ligand(s) from the [MI(P)4]+ complexes is the driving force for the triggering of the antiproliferative activity. The more favored is the displacement of P from the [M(P)2]+ active form, the more favored is in turn the possibility for the metal to interact with biological substrates related to cancer proliferation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent adjustment in the context of life change: The supportive role of parental structure provision
Authors: Flamm Elizabeth S. , Grolnick Wendy S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examined the associations among disruptive life events, supportive parenting practices, adolescent self‐perceptions, and emotional outcomes. One‐hundred and three 7th graders (68% minority, 32% European American) and their parents completed recent negative life events checklists. Parents also reported the total number of major transitions (changes in residences, schools, parent's romantic partners) that adolescents experienced since birth. Life events were related to lower adolescent‐reported perceptions of competence and control, higher adolescent‐reported depression and behavior problems, and higher parent‐reported conduct problems. Regression analyses supported a mediational model in which competence and control perceptions explained relations between adolescent life events and symptomatology. Parental structure—the provision of clear, consistent and predictable rules and expectations—was associated with more adaptive adolescent functioning, especially among girls. Regressions indicated that structure related to higher perceptions of competence and control and fewer behavioral problems, even after accounting for the risk associated with negative life events and transitions.
Institutionalized advisory systems: An analysis of member satisfaction of advice production and use across 9 strategic advisory councils in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Fobé Ellen , Brans Marleen , Vancoppenolle Diederik , Van Damme Jan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Policy-making in Flanders (Belgium) is traditionally characterized by a dense advisory system with a high number of advisory councils, firmly integrated into the policy-making process. Recently, the Flemish government has reshaped its strategic advisory council system, responding to concerns over growing advice competition. This reorganization was part of a broader reform aimed at increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of policies. In this article, we analyze the defining aspects of this new advisory council system, and explore members’ satisfaction about the advisory process and the use of advice by policy-makers. The latter can be considered a prerequisite for advice to contribute to policy-making. Our analysis is based on a 2009 survey with the members of the new strategic advisory councils (response 72.4%). The results show that reorganizing the advisory council system has not led to uniformity regarding council size, budget or membership constitution. And although satisfaction with the advisory process is generally high, the influence of the advice is perceived as low, which poses a challenge to neo-corporatist policy-making in Flanders.
Domestic Courts and the Content and Implementation of State Responsibility
Authors: WITTICH STEPHAN 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article examines the role of domestic courts in addressing questions of international law concerning the content and implementation of state responsibility. Practice shows that domestic courts only play a limited role in developing the international law of state responsibility. This is partly due to the limited number of cases decided by domestic courts. Furthermore, the practice of domestic courts is quite disparate, reducing their value in generating consistent practice. There is also a general inclination of domestic courts to apply remedies under municipal rather than international law, which reduces their significance as agents of international law. It is only in exceptional cases that domestic courts may contribute to clarifying controversial norms and support the further development of international law. Domestic courts may furthermore take on the task of fine-tuning international norms on state responsibility. Probably the most important role domestic courts may play in applying secondary rules of state responsibility is that of strengthening the effectiveness of the international legal system and its individual rules.
The Contribution of the Eichmann Trial to International Law
Authors: SCHABAS WILLIAM 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe trial of Adolf Eichmann was poorly received by many contemporary observers, who felt that it bent the law beyond recognition in several key areas. With the renaissance of international criminal law in recent decades, the handling of difficult issues by the District Court of Jerusalem and the Supreme Court has been shown to fare rather well. The understanding of the relationship between crimes against humanity and genocide by the Israeli courts, and their response to the charge of retroactive criminality, to the consequences of the kidnapping, and to claims that the tribunal lacked impartiality, have also stood the test of time. Perhaps most important of all, the Eichmann decisions actually moved the law forward on the question of universal jurisdiction, effectively setting aside the narrow jurisdictional frame set by the 1948 Genocide Convention. Critics at the time of the judgments, possibly influenced by the famous but harsh commentary of Hannah Arendt, were much too negative in their assessments.
International Criminal Law: An Ideology Critique
Authors: KREVER TOR 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe article engages in an ideology critique of international criminal-law texts and discourse, drawing on a theoretical framework developed by critical legal studies scholars in order to interrogate, in a different jurisprudential context, the assumptions undergirding contemporary international criminal-law (ICL) scholarship. It argues that the triumphalism surrounding ICL and its adequacy to deal with conflict and violence ignores the factors and forces – including specific international legal interventions in countries’ political economies – that shape or even help establish the environment from which such conflict and violence emanate. In uncritically celebrating ICL and equating it with a pacific international rule of law, ICL scholarship risks shaping passive acquiescence in the status quo and discouraging more throughgoing efforts to address the systemic forces underlying instances of violence, including political–economic forces shaped by international legal institutions.
Myocardial ischaemia is associated with an elevated brain natriuretic pepide level even in the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Adnan Nadir M. , Dow Eleanor , Davidson John , Kennedy Norman , Lang Chim C. , Struthers Allan D. 
Published: July 2013

AimsPlasma BNP and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin‐T (hs‐TnT) are elevated by both ischaemia and LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD). As a result, it is unknown whether BNP and/or hs‐TnT could be useful biomarkers to identify ischaemia in the presence of LVSD.Methods and resultsThree separate patient populations were studied. Study A (n = 500) involved consecutive patients undergoing clinically indicated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, study B (n = 100) included patients with vascular disease but no known cardiac disease, and study C (n = 300) recruited primary prevention patients with controlled risk factors. Levels of BNP and hs‐TnT were measured prior to the stress testing to detect myocardial ischaemia. The prevalence of myocardial ischaemia was 28.2, 28, and 6.3% in study A, B, and C, respectively. For BNP, area under curve (AUC) values to identify ischaemia in the presence and absence of coincidental LVSD were: 0.73 vs. 0.63 (study A), 0.90 vs. 0.81 (study B), and 0.83 vs. 0.80 (study C). Equivalent figures for hs‐TnT were: 0.64 vs. 0.60 (study A), 0.75 vs. 0.68 (study B), and 0.53 vs. 0.68 (study C). BNP and hs‐cTnT, when combined together, performed better with an AUC of 0.75 vs. 0.65 (study A), 0.91 vs. 0.92 (study B), and 0.84 vs. 0.83 (study C).ConclusionIn three separate populations a consistent finding is that BNP is increased further by myocardial ischaemia even in the presence of LVSD. A disproportionately high BNP for the degree of LVSD might be due to (unsuspected) ischaemia, and a disproportionately low BNP could be useful as a ‘rule out’ test for ischaemia even in the presence of LVSD.
Comparison of Two Doses of Tranexamic Acid in Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Sigaut Stéphanie , Tremey Benjamin , Ouattara Alexandre , Couturier Roland , Taberlet Christian , Grassin-Delyle Stanislas , Dreyfus Jean-Francois , Schlumberger Sylvie , Fischler Marc 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background:
The optimal dose of tranexamic acid (TA) is still an issue. The authors compared two doses of TA during cardiac surgery in a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized study.

Methods:
Patients were stratified according to transfusion risk, then randomized to two TA doses: 10 mg/kg bolus followed by 1 mg·kg−1·h−1 infusion (low dose) until the end of surgery or 30 mg/kg bolus followed by 16 mg·kg−1·h−1 infusion (high dose). The primary endpoint was the incidence of blood product transfusion up to day 7. Secondary ones were incidences of transfusion for each type of blood product and amounts transfused, blood loss, repeat surgery, TA-related adverse events, and mortality.

Results:
The low-dose group comprised 284 patients and the high-dose one 285. The primary endpoint was not significantly different between TA doses (63% for low dose vs. 60% for high dose; P = 0.3). With the high dose, a lower incidence of frozen plasma (18 vs. 26%; P = 0.03) and platelet concentrate (15 vs. 23%; P = 0.02) transfusions, lower amounts of blood products (2.5 ± 0.38 vs. 4.1 ± 0.39; P = 0.02), fresh frozen plasma (0.49 ± 0.14 vs.1.07 ± 0.14; P = 0.02), and platelet concentrates transfused (0.50 ± 0.15 vs. 1.13 ± 0.15; P = 0.02), lower blood loss (590 ± 50.4 vs. 820 ± 50.7; P = 0.01), and less repeat surgery (2.5 vs. 6%; P = 0.01) were observed. These results are more marked in patients with a high risk for transfusion.

Conclusions:
A high dose of TA does not reduce incidence of blood product transfusion up to day 7, but is more effective than a low dose to decrease transfusion needs, blood loss, and repeat surgery.
PYR/PYL/RCAR Abscisic Acid Receptors Regulate K+ and Cl− Channels through Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Activation of Ca2+ Channels at the Plasma Membrane of Intact Arabidopsis Guard Cells
Authors: Wang Yizhou , Chen Zhong-Hua , Zhang Ben , Hills Adrian , Blatt Michael R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe discovery of the START family of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors places these proteins at the front of a protein kinase/phosphatase signal cascade that promotes stomatal closure. The connection of these receptors to Ca2+ signals evoked by ABA has proven more difficult to resolve, although it has been implicated by studies of the pyrbactin-insensitive pyr1/pyl1/pyl2/pyl4 quadruple mutant. One difficulty is that flux through plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ release from endomembrane stores coordinately elevate cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in guard cells, and both processes are facilitated by ABA. Here, we describe a method for recording Ca2+ channels at the plasma membrane of intact guard cells of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We have used this method to resolve the loss of ABA-evoked Ca2+ channel activity at the plasma membrane in the pyr1/pyl1/pyl2/pyl4 mutant and show the consequent suppression of [Ca2+]i increases in vivo. The basal activity of Ca2+ channels was not affected in the mutant; raising the concentration of Ca2+ outside was sufficient to promote Ca2+ entry, to inactivate current carried by inward-rectifying K+ channels and to activate current carried by the anion channels, both of which are sensitive to [Ca2+]i elevations. However, the ABA-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was impaired. Adding the ROS hydrogen peroxide was sufficient to activate the Ca2+ channels and trigger stomatal closure in the mutant. These results offer direct evidence of PYR/PYL/RCAR receptor coupling to the activation by ABA of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels through ROS, thus affecting [Ca2+]i and its regulation of stomatal closure.
Hospital service quality and its effects on patient satisfaction and behavioural intention
Authors: Amin Muslim , Zahora Nasharuddin Siti 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate hospital service quality and its effect on patient satisfaction and behavioural intention.Design/methodology/approachA convenience sampling technique was used in this study. A total of 350 questionnaires were distributed and 216 were returned (61.7 per cent response rate).FindingsThe results confirm that the five dimensions – admission, medical service, overall service, discharge and social responsibility – are a distinct construct for hospital service quality. Each dimension has a significant relationship with hospital service quality. The findings of this study indicate that the establishment of higher levels of hospital service quality will lead customers to have a high level of satisfaction and behavioural intention.Research limitations/implicationsThis research examined the concept of hospital service quality, patient satisfaction and behavioural intention from the perspective of patients. However, this study did not explore the perspective of service providers. This is a limitation in as much as it only considers the patients' view, which might be different from the providers' view.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that managers should use the perceived service quality and customer satisfaction as mechanisms for exit strategy that will increase loyalty among the present customers.Originality/valueThis study will enable hospitals to have a better understanding of the effects of service quality, which will lead to patient satisfaction and behavioural intention in order to build long‐term relationships with their patients.
Information seeking in a flood
Authors: Ryan Barbara 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the gaps in knowledge about how people get information in a flood and what they want to know.Design/methodology/approachA total of 27 people were interviewed from two communities that suffered flooding in the 12 months before the interviews. Slow‐moving flood and flash flood were covered.FindingsThe type of disaster determines how people seek information. In slow‐moving flood, people heard from others, tracked it visually and via web‐available river gauge information, and talked to others with more flood experience. Radio was an important confirmation tool in the slow‐moving flood. In flash flood, people first heard from others and then turned to television.Research limitations/implicationsParticipants made up a small sample skewed toward regional areas and were selected by snowball/convenience sampling methods. A survey is required to confirm or refute findings.Practical implicationsWord of mouth needs to be tapped into by agencies, and mobile phone networks and social media are critical to this. Radio and television should be more proactively used by emergency agencies and maps should be a feature of all flood communication.Originality/valueThe focus of disaster communication research tends to have been on agency use of communication rather than the individual's use of a range of communication channels. This study encourages agencies to look at how individuals look for information, the channels they use to get information and the type of information they seek.