bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Deep Geophysical Structure of the Middle Section of the Longmen Mountains Tectonic Belt and its Relation to the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: YU Nian , WANG Xuben , HU Xiangyun , CAI Xuelin , KAN Aike , ZHAO Ning 
Published: April 2014

Abstract:Investigation of the deep geophysical structure of the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt and its relation to the Wenchuan Earthquake is important for the study of earthquakes. By using magnetotelluric sounding profiles of the Luqu–Zhongjiang and Anxian–Suining; seismic sounding profiles of the Sichuan Maowen–Chongqing Gongtan, the Qinghai Huashi Gorge–Sichuan Jianyang, and the Batang–Zizhong; and magnetogravimetric data of the Longmen Mountains region, the deep geophysical structure of the Songpan–Ganzi block, the western Sichuan foreland basin, and the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt and their relation was discussed. The eastward extrusion of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau thrusts the Songpan–Ganzi block upon the Yangtze block, which obstructs the eastward movement of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The Maoxian–Wenchuan, Beichuan–Yingxiu, and Anxian–Guanxian faults of the Longmen Mountains fault belt dip to northwest with different dip angles and gradually converge in the deeper parts. Geophysical structure suggests that an intracrustal low‐velocity, low‐resistivity, and high‐conductivity layer is common between the middle and upper crust west of the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt but not in the upper Yangtze block. The Sichuan Basin has a thick low‐resistance sedimentary layer on a stable high‐resistance basement; moreover, there are secondary paleohighs and depression structures at the lower part of the western Sichuan foreland basin with characteristic of high magnetic anomalies, whereas the Songpan–Ganzi block has a high resisitivity cover of upper crust and continues to a low‐resistance layer. Considering the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt as the boundary, there are Bouguer gravity anomalies of “one belt between two zones.” Thus, we infer that there is a corresponding relation between the inferred crystalline basement of the Songpan block and the underlying basin basement of the Longmen Mountains fault belt. Furthermore, there may be an extensive ancient Yangtze block, which is west of the Ruoergai block. In addition, the crust–mantle ductile shear zone under the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt is the main fault, whereas the Beichuan–Yingxiu and Anxian–Guanxian faults at the surface are earthquake faults. The Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake might be attributed to the collision of the Yangtze block and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The eastward obduction of the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and eastward subduction of its deeper part under the influence of the collision of the Indian, Pacific, and Philippine Plates with the Eurasia Plate might have caused the Longmen Mountains tectonic belt to cut the Moho and extend to the middle and upper crust; thus, creating high stress concentration and rapid energy release zone.
Early Permian–Late Triassic Magmatism in the Tuotuohe Region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Constraints on the Tectonic evolution of the Western Segment of the Jinshajiang Suture
Authors: QIAN Ye , SUN Fengyue , LI Bile , LI Shijin , ZHAO Junwei 
Published: April 2014

Abstract:In this paper we present new zircon U–Pb ages, whole‐rock major and trace element analyses, and zircon Hf isotopic data for magmatic rocks in the Tuotuohe region of the western segment of the Jinshajiang suture. Our aim is to constrain the Early Permian–Late Triassic tectonic evolution of the region. Zircons from the magmatic rocks of the Tuotuohe region are euhedral–subhedral in shape and display fine‐scale oscillatory zoning as well as high Th/U ratios (0.4–4.6), indicating a magmatic origin. The zircon U–Pb ages obtained using LA–ICP–MS are 281 ± 1 Ma, 258 ± 1 Ma, 244 ± 1 Ma, and 216 ± 1 Ma, which indicate magmatism in the Early Permian–Late Triassic. A diorite from Bashihubei (BSHN) has SiO2= 57.18–59.97 wt%, A12O3= 15.70–16.53 wt%, and total alkalis (Na2O + K2O) = 4.46–6.34 wt%, typical of calc‐alkaline and metaluminous series. A gabbro from Bashibadaoban (BSBDB) belongs to the alkaline series, and is poor in SiO2 (45.46–54.03 wt%) but rich in A12O3 (16.19–17.39 wt%) and total alkalis (Na2O + K2O = 5.48–6.26 wt%). The BSHN diorite and the BSBDB gabbro both display an enrichment of LREEs and LILEs and depletion of HFSEs, and they have no obvious Eu anomaly; they have relatively low MgO contents (2.54–4.93 wt%), Mgs# values of 43 to 52, and low Cr and Ni contents (8.07–33.6 ppm and 4.41–14.2 ppm, respectively), indicating they differentiated from primitive mantle magmas. They have low Nb/U, Ta/U, and Ce/Pb ratios (1.3–9.6, 0.2–0.8, and 0.1–18.1, respectively), and their initial Hf isotopic ratios range from +9.6 to +16.9 (BSHN diorite) and +6.5 to +12.6 (BSBDB gabbro), suggesting their primary magmas were derived mainly from the partial melting of a mantle wedge that had been metasomatized by subduction fluids. Taking all the new data together, we conclude that the western and eastern segment of the Jinshajiang suture regions underwent identical processes of evolution in the Early Permian–Late Triassic: oceanic crust subduction before the Early Permian, continental collision during the Early–Middle Triassic, and post‐collisional extension from the Late Triassic.
In‐situ Moissanite in Dunite: Deep Mantle Origin of Mantle Peridotite in Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet
Authors: LIANG Fenghua , XU Zhiqin , ZHAO Jianan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract:We report the discovery of an in‐situ natural moissanite as an inclusion in the Cr‐spinel from the dunite envelope of a chromitite deposit in Luobusa ophiolite, Tibet. The moissanite occurs as a twin crystal interpenetrated by two quadrilateral signal crystals with sizes of 17 μm × 10 μm and 20 μm × 7 μm, respectively. The moissanite is green with parallel extinction. The absorption peaks in its Raman spectra are at 967–971 cm–1, 787–788 cm–1, and 766 cm–1. The absorption peaks in the infrared spectra are at 696 cm–1, 767 cm–1, 1450 cm–1, and 1551 cm–1, which are distinctly different from the peaks for synthetic silicon carbide. Moissanites have been documented to form in ultra‐high pressure, high temperature, and extremely low fO2 environments and their 13C‐depleted compositions indicate a lower mantle origin. Combined with previous studies about other ultra‐high pressure and highly reduced minerals in Luobusa ophiolite, the in‐situ natural moissanite we found indicates a deep mantle origin of some materials in the mantle sequence of Luobusa ophiolite. Further, we proposed a transformation model to explain the transfer process of UHP materials from the deep mantle to ophiolite sequence and then to the supra‐subduction zone environment. Interactions between the crown of the mantle plume and mid‐ocean ridge are suggested to be the dominant mechanism.
Magmatic Processes of Ashi Volcano, Western Kunlun Mountains, China
Authors: YU Hongmei , XU Jiandong , ZHAO Bo , SHEN Huanhuan , LIN Chuanyong 
Published: April 2014

Abstract:The Ashikule volcanic cluster (AVC) in western Kunlun Mountains is located in a graben region at the convergence of the Altun and Kangxiwa fault zones, and consists of more than 10 main volcanoes and dozens of volcanelloes. The Ashi volcano lies in the central part of the volcanic cluster. The lithology, chemical composition and texture of Ashi volcanic rocks were studied in detail, and their implication in magmatic processes was discussed. The phenocrysts in Ashi volcanic rocks consist mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene, and the statistical results of phenocryst contents show that the rocks can be subdivided into two groups. In group A, the content of pyroxene phenocrysts is generally higher than that of plagioclase phenocrysts, but an inverse relation occurs in group B. In TAS diagram, the compositions of both groups fall into the trachyandensite field, but they are obviously concentrated into two clusters. The two clusters exist also in the oxide diagrams. The pyroxene phenocrysts comprise augite, bronzite and hypersthene, and their Mg# histogram shows two peaks. Plagioclase phenocrysts with reaction rim are observed in rocks of both groups. The An values of the core are generally 30–40, and those of the rim are 44–48, which are closer to those of euhedral plagioclases. The bronzites are in equilibrium with the melt, and two sets of magma depths, i.e., 18–25 km and 13–18 km, can be estimated by using thermobarometer proposed by Putirka. The hypersthenes are not in equilibrium with the melt, and can be assigned to xenocrysts. The crystal size distribution (CSD) curves of plagioclase appear as kinked lines indicative of magma mixing. The above analyses show that two magma pockets might exist beneath the Ashi volcano. It is likely that they are connected with each other. The one has more evolved and contains more acidic magma, and the other is a trachyandensite magma pocket characterized by layering. The magma from the upper part of the trachyandensite magma pocket might mix with more acidic magma, resulting in a magma that is more acidic than the magma from the lower part.
Rb‐Sr and Sm‐Nd Isochron Ages of the Dongmozhazhua and Mohailaheng Pb‐Zn Ore Deposits in the Yushu area, southern Qinghai and Their Geological Implications
Authors: TIAN Shihong , GONG Yingli , YANG Zhusen , HOU Zengqian , LIU Yingchao , SONG Yucai , XUE Wanwen , LU Haifeng , WANG Fuchun , ZHANG Yubao , ZHU Tian , YU Changjie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract:Located on the northeast margin of the Qiangtang terrane between the Jinshajiang suture zone and Bangonghu‐Nujiang suture zone, the Dongmozhazhua and Mohailaheng Pb‐Zn deposits in the Yushu area of Qinghai Province are representative Pb‐Zn deposits of the Pb‐Zn‐Cu polymetallic mineralization belt in the northern part of the Nujiang‐Lancangjiang‐Jinshajiang area, which are in the front belt of the Yushu thrust nappe system. The formed environments of these two deposits are different from those of sediment‐hosted base metal deposits elsewhere in the world. The authors hold that they were formed during the Indian‐Asian continental collision and developed within the fold‐thrust belt combined with thrust and strike‐slip‐related Cenozoic basins in the interior of the collisional zone. Studying on the metallogenic epochs of these two deposits is helpful to the understanding of ore‐forming regularity of the regional Pb‐Zn‐Cu mineralization belt and also to the search for new deposits in this region. The age of the Dongmozhazhua deposit has been determined by the Rb‐Sr isochron method for sphalerite residues, whereas the age of the Mohailaheng deposit has been determined by the Rb‐Sr isochron method for sphalerite residues and the Sm‐Nd isochron method for fluorite. The age of the Dongmozhazhua deposit is 35.0±0.0 Ma ((87Sr/86Sr)0=0.708807) for sphalerite residues. The age of the Mohailaheng deposit is 32.2±0.4 Ma ((87Sr/86Sr)0=0.708514) for sphalerite residues and 31.8±0.3 Ma ((143Nd/144Nd)0=0.512362) for fluorite with an average of 32.0 Ma. Together with the regional geological setting during mineralization, a possible tectonic model for metallogeny of the Dongmozhazhua and Mohailaheng Pb‐Zn deposits has been established. These two ages are close to the ages of the Pb‐Zn deposits in the Lanping and Tuotuohe basins, indicating that it is possible that the narrow 1000‐kilometer‐long belt controlled by a thrust nappe system on the eastern and northern margins of the Tibetan plateau could be a giant Pb‐Zn mineralized belt.
The Combined Effect of Tibetan Plateau Uplift and Glacial‐Interglacial Cycles on the Quaternary Evolution of the East Asian Monsoon: Evidence from South China Sea Sediments
Authors: MENG Xianwei , LIU Yanguang , ZHANG Xiaodong , ZHANG Jun 
Published: April 2014

Abstract:The siliciclastic sediments of the uppermost section of 185 mcd (meters composite depth) from ODP Site 1146 on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea (SCS) were partitioned according to their sources using end‐member modeling on grain‐size data. The goal was to evaluate the evolution of the East Asian monsoon over the past 2 million years. The siliciclastic sediments were described as hybrids of four end‐members, EM1, EM2, EM3, and EM4, with modal grain sizes of 8–22 μm, 2–8 μm, 31–125 μm, and 4–11 μm, respectively. EM1 and EM3 are interpreted as eolian dust and EM2 and EM4 as fluvial mud. The ratio of eolian dust to fluvial mud ((EM1+EM3)/(EM2+EM4)) is regarded as an indicator of the East Asian monsoon. The variation in this ratio not only shows periodical oscillations consistent with oxygen isotope stages, but also exhibits a phased increasing trend corresponding with the phased uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that the evolution of the East Asian Monsoon was controlled not only by glacial‐interglacial cycles, but also by the phased uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau during the Quaternary.
Dynamic variables and fluid responsiveness in patients for aortic stenosis surgery
Authors: HØISETH L. Ø. , HOFF I. E. , HAGEN O. A. , LANDSVERK S. A. , KIRKEBØEN K. A. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundAortic stenosis is the most common valvular disease in developed countries, but it carries an increased mortality during non‐cardiac surgery underscoring the importance of adequate hemodynamic management. Further, haemodynamic management of patients immediately after surgery for aortic stenosis can be challenging. Prediction of fluid responsiveness using dynamic variables has not been sufficiently studied in patients for aortic stenosis surgery.MethodsObservational study evaluating fluid responsiveness on 32 (31 analysed) patients scheduled for aortic valve replacement due to aortic stenosis on mechanical ventilation before and after valve replacement. Increase in stroke volume (oesophagus Doppler) ≥ 15% to a fluid challenge defined fluid responders.ResultsBefore surgery (31 fluid loads performed in 31 patients), areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (95% confidence intervals) were stroke volume variation (from arterial pulse contour analysis) 0.77 (0.58–0.90), pulse pressure variation 0.75 (0.54–0.90) and Pleth variability index 0.51 (0.31–0.69). After aortic valve replacement (31 fluid loads performed in 23 patients) the values were stroke volume variation 0.90 (0.74–0.98), pulse pressure variation 0.95 (0.80–1.0) and Pleth variability index 0.72 (0.52–0.87).ConclusionsThe arterial pressure‐based variables had moderate predictive values before valve replacement, but it predicted fluid responsiveness well postoperatively. Pleth variability index did not predict fluid responsiveness preoperatively, and it had a moderate predictive value postoperatively. These results indicate that arterial pressure‐based dynamic variables have limited potential to guide fluid therapy in patients with aortic stenosis. Their ability to guide fluid therapy after aortic valve replacement seems better.
Nipple‐sparing mastectomy with implant reconstruction: the Westmead experience
Authors: Sood Samriti , Elder Elisabeth , French James 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundNipple‐sparing mastectomy (NSM) involves the removal of all breast tissue with preservation of the breast skin envelope and nipple‐areola complex (NAC). The objective of this study was to report the outcomes from our initial experience with NSM.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 87 women who underwent 118 NSMs between October 2008 and May 2012.ResultsIndications for NSM were 60 (51%) primary cancer, 15 (13%) residual/recurrent disease, 39 (33%) risk reduction and 4 (3%) benign pathology. Implant loss (n = 10) was associated with subcutaneous placement (P = 0.01), post‐operative seroma and infection (P = 0.028, 0.001), skin flap necrosis (P = 0.007) and NAC loss (P = 0.027). Capsular contraction was related to adjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.044). Local recurrence occurred in four patients, and NAC recurrence with invasive cancer occurred in one patient after a median follow‐up of 30 months.ConclusionOur Australian NSM series adds to the published literature supporting the oncological safety of NSM for early‐stage breast cancer and risk reduction.
A classification of congenital uterine anomalies predicting pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Takami Mio , Aoki Shigeru , Kurasawa Kentaro , Okuda Mika , Takahashi Tsuneo , Hirahara Fumiki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women with uterine anomalies by applying a method for diagnosing and classifying congenital uterine malformations.DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary care center.PopulationNinety‐four women with uterine anomalies who delivered after 22 gestational weeks.MethodsExcluding the 14 women with a history of surgery and seven with one endometrial cavity, 73 women with two endometrial cavities were subdivided into those with two external uterine orifices (2‐OS subgroup) and those with one external uterine orifice (1‐OS subgroup).Main outcome measuresPregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, abnormal fetal presentation, cesarean delivery and placental abruption.ResultsThe 2‐OS subgroup comprised women with a didelphic or complete septate uterus who had a significantly higher rate of cesarean delivery (91% vs. 18%, p < 0.001) than the control group (normal uterine morphology; n = 5763). The 1‐OS subgroup comprised women with a bicornuate or incomplete septate uterus who had significantly higher rates of preterm birth (27% vs. 5%, p < 0.001) and placental abruption (14% vs. 0.7%, p < 0.001) than the control group.ConclusionsClassification of uterine anomalies by the number of uterine endometrial cavities and external uterine orifices is an easy and reliable means of predicting pregnancy outcomes.
Training in motivational interviewing in obstetrics: a quantitative analytical tool
Authors: Lindhardt Christina L. , Rubak Sune , Mogensen Ole , Hansen Helle P. , Lamont Ronald F. , Jørgensen Jan S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether a 3‐day training course in motivational interviewing, which is an approach to helping people to change, could improve the communication skills of obstetric healthcare professionals in their interaction with obese pregnant women.DesignIntervention study.SettingThe Region of Southern Denmark.MethodsEleven obstetric healthcare professionals working with obese pregnant women underwent a 3‐day course in motivational interviewing techniques and were assessed before and after training to measure the impact on their overall performance as well as the effect on specific behavioral techniques observed during interviews.FindingsWith a few exceptions, the participants changed their behavior appropriate to the motivational interviewing technique. The participants made more interventions towards the principles of motivational interviewing (adherent and nonadherent interventions). Furthermore, the participants asked fewer closed and more open questions before training in motivational interview. In the assessment of proficiency and competency, most of the participants scored higher after the training in motivational interviewing.ConclusionsTraining in motivational interviewing improves healthcare professionals' proficiency and competency when communicating with obese pregnant women, albeit that the effect was not universal.
Pain evoked by distension of the uterine cervix in women with dysmenorrhea: evidence for central sensitization
Authors: Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Madsen Hans , Jarrell John , Gregersen Hans , Drewes Asbjørn M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo study sensitization in women with dysmenorrhea using a standardized experimental model. Women with dysmenorrhea experience intense visceral pain during menstruation. The dysmenorrhea pain mechanisms are not known but sensitization may play a role.DesignProspective experimental study.SampleTen women with dysmenorrhea and 10 control women having uterine cervical distensions in the mid‐follicular period (days 6–10).SettingUniversity clinic.MethodCervical distension was delivered as three phasic stimuli with 1 min between distensions and as a prolonged (1 min) distension.Main outcome measureSensory intensity rated on a continuous visual analog scale.ResultsDistension‐induced pain was described as dull and aching and referred to the pelvis, lower back and lower abdomen. Larger evoked referred pain areas were present in women with dysmenorrhea compared with control women (p < 0.05). The pain threshold to the first stimulus was significantly higher in patients than controls (p < 0.04), but decreased significantly with repeated distensions (p < 0.01). For the prolonged distension the pain rating increased significantly (p < 0.008) in women with dysmenorrhea, but decreased (p < 0.02) in control women.ConclusionsPain sensitization (temporal summation, i.e. increase in pain during prolonged stimulation, and facilitation of referred pain areas as an indicator of central nervous system changes) is present in women with dysmenorrhea. The study provided new information on a poorly understood yet widespread condition and a basis for clinical studies to develop a biomarker tests for objective assessment of dysmenorrhea.
Infertility experience and health differentials – a population‐based comparative study on infertile and non‐infertile women (the HUNT Study)
Authors: Rostad Berit , Schmidt Lone , Sundby Johanne , Schei Berit 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveStudies suggest that health complaints, distress and poor life satisfaction are associated with infertility experience. Research on health consequences of infertility experience in women has relied heavily on clinic‐based samples. This population‐based study investigates the association between infertility and health and life satisfaction.DesignCross‐sectional population‐based health study, conducted between 2006 and 2008.SettingAll women in a county in Norway were invited. The current material is restricted to women aged 20–49 years.PopulationA total of 9200 women participated.MethodsHealth measures were compared between women with infertility experience (infertile women) and women without infertility experience (non‐infertile women). Disparities in health and life satisfaction among the infertile women were assessed.Main outcome measuresSelf‐reported health, functional impairment, depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction.ResultsSome 15.4% of the women had experienced infertility. Infertile women reported poor self‐reported health and functional impairment significantly more often than non‐infertile women. Childless infertile women had significantly raised adjusted risks for health complaints and dissatisfaction with life compared with non‐infertile women with a child, whereas infertile women with a child did not. Differences in health and life satisfaction emerged among the infertile women, but the differences were not significant. There were no significant differences in depression and anxiety between infertile and non‐infertile women, or between the two groups of infertile women (with/without a child).ConclusionsThe study confirms the adverse effect of infertility on health and life‐satisfaction. The childless infertile women stand out as being vulnerable to the detrimental consequences of infertility.