bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Chemists’ and Pre-service Chemistry Teachers’ Views about Science-Technology-Society (STS) Issues/Stavovi budućih kemičara i budućih nastavnika kemije o problemima znanstveno-tehnološkog društva (ZTD)
Authors: Pekdağ Bülent 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the views of prospective chemists and pre-service chemistry teachers about science-technology-society (STS) issues, attempting to examine the differences between these views. A questionnaire that included 4 open-ended questions was distributed to 67 senior university students to determine what their views were on STS issues. The data was collected from the students’ written responses to the open-ended questions. The data gathered from the two groups of students was analyzed qualitatively from the perspective of responding to the research questions. It was observed that while prospective chemists mostly defined science from epistemological and philosophical perspectives, pre-service chemistry teachers frequently explained science from epistemological and pedagogical perspectives. The results revealed that the meanings of science and technology in the minds of the students in both groups showed some important differences in this sample. Additionally, students in both groups stated that science and technology affected society both negatively and positively.Key words: science-technology-society (STS); prospective chemists; pre-service chemistry teachers ---SažetakCilj ovoga rada bio je istražiti stajališta budućih kemičara i budućih nastavnika kemije o problemima znanstveno-tehnološkog društva (ZTD), s pokušajem razmatranja razlika u njihovim stajalištima. Upitnik koji se sastojao od 4 pitanja otvorenoga tipa podijeljen je skupini od 67 studenata u višim godinama studija kako bi se odredila njihova stajališta o problemima ZTD-a. Podatci su prikupljeni iz odgovora studenata na pitanja otvorenoga tipa. Podatci koji su prikupljeni od dviju skupina studenata analizirani su kvantitativno iz perspektive odgovora na zadana pitanja. Uočeno je da budući kemičari uglavnom definiraju znanost iz epistemološke i filozofske perspektive, a budući nastavnici kemije učestalo objašnjavaju znanost iz epistemološke i pedagoške perspektive. Rezultati su otkrili da se značenje znanosti i tehnologije kod studenata iz obje skupine u proučenom uzorku bitno razlikuju. Nadalje, studenti u obje skupine ustvrdili su da znanost i tehnologija utječu na društvo na negativan i pozitivan način. Ključne riječi: znanstveno-tehnološko društvo (ZTD); budući kemičari; budući nastavnici kemije
Dynamic Error Correction of Methane Sensor
Authors: Krupanek Beata 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Coal mine methane is a term given to the methane gas produced or emitted in association with coal mining activities either from the coal seam itself or from other gassy formations underground. The primary reason for measuring methane is to improve the safety of the mines. In recent years, there have been many fatalities in underground coal mine explosions in which methane was a contributing factor. The rapid detection of methane is very important from the point of view of safety of mine workers. This paper presents a concept of fast methane detection by reconstituting its concentration in dynamic states.
Estimation of Solar Irradiation on Inclined Surface Based on Web Databases
Authors: Mazurek Gustaw 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Estimation of Global Tilted Irradiation (GTI) is a
key to performance assessment of typical solar systems since they
usually employ tilted photovoltaic (PV) modules or collectors.
Numerous solar radiation databases can deliver irradiation
values both on horizontal and tilted plane, however they are
validated mostly with horizontal-plane ground measurements.
In this paper we have compared GTI estimates retrieved from
five Internet databases with results of measurements at two PV
systems located in Poland. Our work shows that in spite of good
agreement in annual scale, there is a tendency to underestimate
GTI in summer and overestimate in winter, when PV modules can
receive less than a half of expected irradiation. The latter issue
affects sizing of PV system components and implies a correction
needed to achieve all-year long operation.
Deep Image Features in Music Information Retrieval
Authors: Gwardys Grzegorz , Grzywczak Daniel 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks
(CNNs) to various problems have been the subject of a number
of recent studies ranging from image classification and object
detection to scene parsing, segmentation 3D volumetric images
and action recognition in videos. CNNs are able to learn input
data representation, instead of using fixed engineered features.
In this study, the image model trained on CNN were applied to
a Music Information Retrieval (MIR), in particular to musical
genre recognition. The model was trained on ILSVRC-2012 (more
than 1 million natural images) to perform image classification and
was reused to perform genre classification using spectrograms
images. Harmonic/percussive separation was applied, because it
is characteristic for musical genre. At final stage, the evaluation of
various strategies of merging Support Vector Machines (SVMs)
was performed on well known in MIR community - GTZAN
dataset. Even though, the model was trained on natural images,
the results achieved in this study were close to the state-of-the-art.
The Parameters of Unconventional Double-Current Circuit, their Accuracy Measures and Measurement of Strain and Temperature
Authors: Warsza Zygmunt , Idzkowski Adam , Walendziuk Wojciech 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The two-voltage-output circuit called a double-current bridge is presented. A single DC current source is switched over and connected in turns to opposite arms of the four-element bridge circuit. The output voltages are dependent on the arm resistance increments and their values are given in absolute and relative units. The simplified signal conditioning formulas of strain and temperature simultaneous measurement of a cantilever beam are featured. The results achieved with the use of the circuit are also published.The accuracy measures (actual errors, limited errors and standard uncertainties) of the bridgetransfer functions are described.
Prefiltering in Wavelet Analysis Applying Cubic B-Splines
Authors: Rakowski Waldemar 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Wavelet transform algorithms (Mallat’s algorithm,
`a trous algorithm) require input data in the form of a sequence
of numbers equal to the signal projection coefficients on a space
spanned by integer-translated copies of a scaling function. After
sampling of the continuous-time signal, it is most frequently
possible to compute only approximated values of the signal projection
coefficients by choosing a specific signal approximation.
Calculation of the signal projection coefficients based on the
signal interpolation by means of cubic B-splines is proposed in
the paper.
IYL 2015 in Poland
Authors: Romaniuk Ryszard S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Light plays a key role in human’s life. Without light there will be no human life environment. Technologies based on light, called photonics, decide of the development of our civilization. The role of photonics is constantly increasing, especially in such fields as energy, education, agriculture and health. The UN has established the International Year of Light and Light - based Technologies – IYL2015 [1]. The organizers of IYL2015 events are professional organizations, communities, educational organizations, non-profit ones, technological clusters and platforms, but also private sector. The aim is to increase the social consciousness about the role of light and photonics in building of our civilization. This sort of recognition is necessary as a needed component of the development process of the society. Introduction of new technologies, like completely new kind of lighting, new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, new sources of energy, etc., must meet with social acceptance. In the opposite case, isolated development of infrastructure, will meet with obstacles. In Poland, the professional events, technical, trade fairs and outreach ones, are organized in the framework of the IYL2015 by Photonics Society of Poland, Polish Physical Society, Polish Platform of Photonics Technologies, etc. The paper summarizes the issues combined with the organization of the IYL2015 globally and in Poland. Extended version of this paper was published in Polish [2]. The paper is a part of a cycle of articles devoted to analysis of global processes of photonics development. Previous papers concerned initiatives Photonics21 in Europe [3-4], NPI – National Photonics Initiative in USA [5], and development of optical sciences in Poland [6-15].
La perception du prestige des occupations illicites par des délinquants
Authors: Charette Yanick 
Published: December 2014

Le prestige occupationnel est une mesure utilisée en sociologie des professions pour déterminer le statut social d’un emploi sous la forme d’un continuum hiérarchisé. Cette mesure peut être définie selon : le revenu, le niveau de supervision, l’autonomie et les compétences. En se basant sur des entrevues auprès de délinquants incarcérés (n = 133), cette étude évalue si cette notion de prestige s’applique aux occupations illicites. Les résultats suggèrent que, contrairement aux occupations licites, les domaines d’activité des occupations illicites ne présentent pas d’homogénéité en ce qui concerne le prestige. Certaines caractéristiques définissant le prestige des occupations licites, comme le revenu et la compétence, contribuent aussi à définir le prestige des occupations illicites. Le milieu criminel présente des caractéristiques particulières, notamment la difficulté d’atteindre une stabilité occupationnelle. En étudiant le crime avec les mêmes concepts que ceux utilisés pour étudier la population générale, il est possible de mieux comparer les deux milieux pour en comprendre les rouages et les distinctions. La compréhension de la désirabilité sociale à l’intérieur du milieu criminel pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre les permutations dans une carrière délinquante, à savoir les allers-retours entre les activités criminelles et un emploi conventionnel.
Notre façon de conduire les éclaircies a évolué ces 50 dernières années: et pourquoi? (Essai)
Authors: Schütz Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2014

Our approach to thinning has changed over the last 50 years: why? (Essay)
Thinning methods and principles have always fluctuated between an approach based on moderate interventions, aimed at maintaining a sufficient stocking level (the so-called “volume effect”) and the liberation of crowns of a limited number of trees. Nowadays Schädelin's concept of selective thinning focused on trees with high potential for the future, based on the efficient removal of those competitors which cause the most interference, is widely accepted. However, as regards the intensity and strength of thinning there are different suggestions in terms of number of trees to be removed and the extent of liberation of the crowns. Moreover, there is no consensus on the transition between the phase of compression in the young stand and the first thinnings, nor on the optimal final stand density to be aimed at.
After the dramatic fall in income from forests, it was necessary to revisit the principles of tending young stands, as the costs were excessively high especially because of the high number of trees. It now appears more efficient to use the natural, and free, processes of social differentiation. Interventions founded on the so-called biological rationalisation make possible a significant reduction in costs. The results of the economic analysis of the various thinning regimes, measured by the net average increment in value, net of harvesting costs, show clearly the advantage of the volume effect and of maintaining sufficient stand density. However, it is also necessary to bear in mind stand stability, especially towards the end of the rotation period. Stand stability makes it possible to keep open, in both space and time, options for natural regeneration, which corresponds best to our goals of a multifunctional silviculture in the most efficient fashion.
Das neue NaiS-Anforderungsprofil Steinschlag
Authors: Dorren Luuk , Berger Frédéric , Frehner Monika , Huber Markus , Kühne Kathrin , Métral Roland , Sandri Arthur , Schwitter Raphael , Thormann Jean-Jacques , Wasser Berchthold 
Published: December 2014

The new NaiS target profile for rockfall
Due to new findings on the protective function of forests against rockfall, the Federal Office for the Environment started in 2008 with a revision of the Swiss target profiles for rockfall protection forests. Until now, fall velocity of rocks, rock mass, as well as the forested slope length, were not considered for the determination of the target profile. In order to incorporate all of these important factors, an Internet-based form has been developed which calculates the target profile. This article firstly gives a short overview of the most important aspects of rockfall in protection forests and secondly presents the approach used for the calculation of the new target profile. Although the German word “Steinschlag” only refers to small rock particles, forests also have a protective effect against large blocks (e.g. &gt;5 m3), however, a long forested transit zone with a sufficient number of trees with larger stem diameters is required for a relevant energy and risk reduction. The new target profile offers possibilities to account for such situations as well.
Die Zürcher Wälder um 1823 – Betriebsformen und Baumarten
Authors: Bader Mirjam , Gimmi Urs , Bürgi Matthias 
Published: December 2014

The forests in the Canton of Zurich around 1823 – forest types and tree species
Based on early forest management plans from 1823, this paper analyses forest management practices and tree species composition in the public forests of the Canton of Zurich in the early 19th century. Forest type distribution across the canton is reconstructed and detailed tree species composition is shown for 31 communities in the north-western part of the canton. For these communities, we compared the historical tree species composition with modern data from a regional forest inventory. The results show that coppice with standards was the most important forest type in the early 19th century. Tree species composition largely depends on the forest types. The highest diversity in tree species can be found in coppice and coppice-with-standards forests. The analyses reveal no clear relationship between tree species composition and environmental factors such as climate, topography and soil. This leads to the conclusion that in the early 19th century already management had a stronger influence on tree composition than natural conditions. During the last 200 years, tree species composition in the Canton of Zurich changed profoundly. Whereas today's forests are more natural in terms of species composition, they are less diverse in species. Knowing the tree species composition in the past can thus be helpful in conservation projects, e.g. in establishing coppice and coppice-with- standards forests in order to promote rare light-demanding plant and animal species.
Complement Component C5 Recruits Neutrophils in the Absence of C3 during Respiratory Infection with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara
Authors: Price Philip J. R. , Bánki Zoltán , Scheideler Angelika , Stoiber Heribert , Verschoor Admar , Sutter Gerd , Lehmann Michael H. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Efficient leukocyte migration is important for an effective host response to viral infection and the development of adaptive immunity. The poxvirus strain modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a safe and efficient viral vector, rapidly induces chemokine expression and respiratory recruitment of leukocytes, which is unique among vaccinia viruses. In addition to chemokines, the complement system contributes to the attraction and activation of different types of leukocytes. Using a murine model of intranasal infection, we show in this study that MVA-induced neutrophil recruitment depends on complement component C5. Remarkably, we find that C5 mediates neutrophil recruitment to the lung, even in the absence of the central complement component C3. Our findings argue for complement C5 activation during MVA infection of the lung via a C3-independent pathway, which enables rapid recruitment of neutrophils.
A Major Role for Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and a Minor Role for Regulatory T Cells in Immunosuppression during Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Tebartz Christina , Horst Sarah Anita , Sparwasser Tim , Huehn Jochen , Beineke Andreas , Peters Georg , Medina Eva 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can cause difficult-to-treat chronic infections. We recently reported that S. aureus chronic infection was associated with a profound inhibition of T cell responses. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for the suppression of T cell responses during chronic S. aureus infection. Using in vitro coculture systems, as well as in vivo adoptive transfer of CFSE-labeled OT-II cells, we demonstrated the presence of immunosuppressive mechanisms in splenocytes of S. aureus–infected mice that inhibited the response of OT-II cells to cognate antigenic stimulation. Immunosuppression was IL-10/TGF-β independent but required cell–cell proximity. Using DEREG and Foxp3gfp mice, we demonstrated that CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells contributed, but only to a minor degree, to bystander immunosuppression. Neither regulatory B cells nor tolerogenic dendritic cells contributed to immunosuppression. Instead, we found a significant expansion of granulocytic (CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6Clow) and monocytic (CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6Chigh) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in chronically infected mice, which exerted a strong immunosuppressive effect on T cell responses. Splenocytes of S. aureus–infected mice lost most of their suppressive activity after the in vivo depletion of MDSC by treatment with gemcitabine. Furthermore, a robust negative correlation was observed between the degree of T cell inhibition and the number of MDSC. An increase in the numbers of MDSC in S. aureus–infected mice by adoptive transfer caused a significant exacerbation of infection. In summary, our results indicate that expansion of MDSC and, to a minor degree, of regulatory T cells in S. aureus–infected mice may create an immunosuppressive environment that sustains chronic infection.
Knockdown of the Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Member A1/Bfl-1 Protects Mice from Anaphylaxis
Authors: Ottina Eleonora , Lyberg Katarina , Sochalska Maja , Villunger Andreas , Nilsson Gunnar P. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Many forms of hypersensitivity reactions and allergic responses depend on deregulated mast cell activity. Several reports suggested that the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bcl2a1/Bfl-1/A1 plays a critical role in mast cell survival upon activation. However, its in vivo relevance is poorly understood because of quadruplication of the Bcl2a1 gene locus in mice, hindering conventional knockout studies. In this study, we used a mouse model allowing traceable constitutive knockdown of all A1 isoforms expressed in the hematopoietic system by RNA interference. Knockdown of A1 reduced mast cell numbers in the skin and impaired connective tissue–like mast cell survival upon FcεRI-mediated activation in vitro. In contrast, A1 was dispensable for mucosa-like mast cell differentiation and survival. Moreover, knockdown of A1 prevented IgE-mediated passive systemic and cutaneous anaphylaxis in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that A1 is essential for the homeostasis of connective tissue mast cells, identifying A1 as a possible therapeutic target for therapy of certain types of mast cell–driven allergy symptoms.
Modulating DNA Methylation in Activated CD8+ T Cells Inhibits Regulatory T Cell–Induced Binding of Foxp3 to the CD8+ T Cell IL-2 Promoter
Authors: Miller Michelle M. , Akaronu Nnenna , Thompson Elizabeth M. , Hood Sylvia F. , Fogle Jonathan E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) activated during the course of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection suppress CD8+ CTL function in a TGF-β–dependent fashion, inhibiting IFN-γ and IL-2 production and inducing G1 cell-cycle arrest. In this article, we describe the molecular events occurring at the IL-2 promoter leading to suppression of IL-2 production. These experiments demonstrate that Foxp3 induced by lentivirus-activated Tregs in the CD8+ target cells binds to the IL-2 promoter, actively repressing IL-2 transcription. We further demonstrate that the chronic activation of CD8+ T cells during FIV infection results in chromatin remodeling at the IL-2 promoter, specifically, demethylation of CpG residues. These DNA modifications occur during active transcription and translation of IL-2; however, these changes render the IL-2 promoter permissive to Foxp3-induced transcriptional repression. These data help explain, in part, the seemingly paradoxical observations that CD8+ T cells displaying an activation phenotype exhibit altered antiviral function. Further, we demonstrate that blocking demethylation of CpG residues at the IL-2 promoter inhibits Foxp3 binding, suggesting a potential mechanism for rescue and/or reactivation of CD8+ T cells. Using the FIV model for lentiviral persistence, these studies provide a framework for understanding how immune activation combined with Treg-mediated suppression may affect CD8+ T cell IL-2 transcription, maturation, and antiviral function.
Cutting Edge: Progesterone Directly Upregulates Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression for Efficient Regulation of T Cells by Calcitriol
Authors: Thangamani Shankar , Kim Myughoo , Son Youngmin , Huang Xinxin , Kim Heejoo , Lee Jee H. , Cho Jungyoon , Ulrich Benjamin , Broxmeyer Hal E. , Kim Chang H. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The two nuclear hormone receptor ligands progesterone and vitamin D (vit.D) play important roles in regulating T cells. The mechanism that connects these two hormones in regulating T cells has not been established. In this study, we report that progesterone is a novel inducer of vit.D receptor (VDR) in T cells and makes T cells highly sensitive to calcitriol. At the molecular level, the induction by progesterone is mediated by two progesterone receptor-binding elements in the intron region after the first noncoding exon of the human VDR gene. Increased expression of VDR by progesterone allows highly sensitive regulation of T cells by vit.D even when vit.D levels are suboptimal. This novel regulatory pathway allows enhanced induction of regulatory T cells but suppression of Th1 and Th17 cells by the two nuclear hormones. The results have significant ramifications in effective regulation of T cells to prevent adverse immune responses during pregnancy.