bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Reaction of Aryl Halides and Propargyl Furylmethyl Ethers: A Novel Pathway to Functionalized Dihydroisobenzofurans.
Authors: Chen Lingzhu , Shen Ruwei , Wu Luling , Huang Xian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reaction of propargyl furylmethyl ethers (I) with aryl halides (II) in the presence of copper and palladium catalysts directly leads to desired dihydroisobenzofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric Michael Addition of Phthalide Derivatives to Chalcones.
Authors: Luo Jie , Jiang Chunhui , Wang Haifei , Xu Li‐Wen , Lu Yixin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe asymmetric conjugate addition of phthalide (I) to chalcones (II) and (IV) is catalyzed by a quinine‐derived thiourea catalyst and furnishes the addition products (III) and (V), resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bifunctional Cyclic Carbonates from CO2 Catalyzed by Choline‐Based Systems.
Authors: Amaral Aderito J. R. , Coelho Jorge F. J. , Serra Armenio C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEasily prepared choline iodide is an active catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates through the coupling reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl 3,3,3‐Trifluoro‐2‐(thiazol‐2‐ylimino)propionate in Cycloaddition and Cyclocondensation Reactions.
Authors: Sokolov V. B. , Aksinenko A. Yu. , Epishina T. A. , Goreva T. V. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThiazole derivative (III) is further used as a reaction partner in a series of cycloaddition and cyclocondensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Mechanism of Action of 2‐(3‐Hydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)‐6‐pyrrolidinylquinolin‐4‐one as a Potent Anticancer Lead.
Authors: Cheng Yung‐Yi , Liu Chin‐Yu , Tsai Meng‐Tung , Lin Hui‐Yi , Yang Jai‐Sing , Wu Tian‐Shung , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Huang Li‐Jiau , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2014

AbstractQuinolinone derivatives (I) are synthesized and screened for their antiproliferative effects against cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Aminofluorination of Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Wu Tao , Cheng Jiashun , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMechanistic studies reveal that the applied hypervalent iodine reagent may be the real active oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Pathways in the Cycloaddition of 4‐Nitrobenzaldehyde to Acyl(imidoyl)ketene.
Authors: Maslivets V. A. , Maslivets A. N. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe formation of the two products (III) and (IV) is the result of two competing [4 + 2] cycloaddition pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 1,5,3‐Dithiazepanes: Three‐Component Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Fungicidal Activity.
Authors: Akhmetova V. R. , Murzakova N. N. , Tyumkina T. V. , Khabibullina G. R. , Bushmarinov I. S. , Korzhova L. F. , Galimzyanova N. F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe three‐component heterocyclization of hydrazines, aldehydes, and ethane‐1,2‐dithiol is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: 14‐Step Synthesis of (+)‐Ingenol from (+)‐3‐Carene.
Authors: Joergensen Lars , McKerrall Steven J. , Kuttruff Christian A. , Ungeheuer Felix , Felding Jakob , Baran Phil S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe efficient, highly stereocontrolled title synthesis of (+)‐ingenol (I) uses a two‐phase (cyclase phase, oxidase phase/rearrangement) design.
Non‐Uniform Helix Unwinding of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals in Cells with Interdigitated Electrodes
Authors: Rumi Mariacristina , Tondiglia Vincent P. , Natarajan Lalgudi V. , White Timothy J. , Bunning Timothy J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA microspectrophotometer was used to elucidate the local optical properties of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) in cells with interdigitated electrodes as a function of applied voltage. The spectra collected from a spatially selective and micron‐sized sampling area allow for new insights into the spectral properties of CLCs in the gaps between patterned electrodes. The microscopic electro‐optic response is shown to be highly dependent on the cell thickness and the electrode periodicity. Specifically, the helix unwinding of the CLC superstructure does not always occur uniformly in the sample, as a result of field gradients through the cell thickness: for cells with relatively narrow gaps and electrodes, the redshift occurs initially only in the CLC layers closest to the substrate with the electrodes, leading to broad reflection spectra and different reflection colors depending on which side of the cell is illuminated. Theoretical estimates of the expected shift in the reflection band gap based on the critical field for a given CLC material and the spatial variation of electric field in the cell are found to be in good agreement with the complex behavior observed experimentally. In contrast, in thin cells with wider gaps, the pitch increase affects the whole CLC layer uniformly, because the electric field gradient is small.
Two Mutually Interpenetrated 1D Ladders Assembled by Using the Silver–Alkene Synthon: Realization of an Elusive Metallosupramolecular Topology
Authors: Kelemu Solomon W. , Steel Peter J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn H‐shaped ligand containing four allyloxyphenyl substituents combines with silver(I) triflate to form ladders that further assemble into a 1D‐1D interpenetrated polycatenate with unprecedented metallosupramolecular topology.
Anharmonic Effect of the Unimolecular Dissociation of Ethyl Radical
Authors: Li Qian , Yao Li , Shao Ying , Yang Kun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe anharmonic and harmonic rate constants have been calculated for the unimolecular dissociation of ethyl radical using the method proposed by Yao and Lin (YL method) at both B3LYP/6‐311++G** and MP2/6‐311++G** levels. The different rate constants indicate that the results obtained from B3LYP and MP2 method are very close. The anharmonic and tunneling effect of the title reaction has also been examined. The comparison shows that, both in microcanonical and canonical systems, the anharmonic rate constants are higher than those for harmonic cases, especially in the case of high total energies and temperatures, which indicates that anharmonic effect of the unimolecular dissociation of ethyl into C2H4 and H is so significant that cannot be neglected. The tunneling effect is very small for the decomposition of C2H5 radical.
Gold Nanoparticles‐enhanced Chemiluminescence Determination of Fenfluramine
Authors: Ma Diao , Quan Jie , Du Jianxiu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA simple and sensitive chemiluminescence method was developed for the determination of fenfluramine. The chemiluminescence signal arising from the reaction between alkaline luminol and N‐bromosuccinimide was found to be greatly enhanced by fenfluramine in the presence of gold nanoparticles. But fenfluramine alone slightly inhibited the CL signal of N‐bromosuccinimide‐luminol in the absence of gold nanoparticles. The experimental parameters that affected the chemiluminescence signal were thoroughly investigated. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the enhanced chemiluminescence intensity was proportional to the concentration of fenfluramine in the range of 0.005‐1.0 mg/L. The detection limit was 0.9 μg/L fenfluramine with a relative standard deviation of 2.5% for 0.1 mg/L fenfluramine solution (n = 11). The method was applied to the determination of fenfluramine in some weight‐reducing tonics and in spiked human urine. A possible CL reaction mechanism was proposed.
Development of P22 Viral Capsid Nanocomposites as Anti‐Cancer Drug, Bortezomib (BTZ), Delivery Nanoplatforms
Authors: Min Junseon , Moon Hyojin , Yang Hyun Ji , Shin Hyun‐Hee , Hong Sung You , Kang Sebyung 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGenetic and chemical engineering approaches are used to employ P22 viral capsids as nanoplatforms for developing an efficient delivery vehicle. Catechol ligands are chemically attached to the interior surface of P22 viral capsid for subsequent encapsulation of an anticancer drug, bortezomib (BTZ), through boronic acid‐diol complexation. For targeted delivery, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐targeting peptide (SP94, SFSIIHTPILPL) is synthesized and chemically conjugated to the exterior surface of the P22 viral capsid nanocomposites. Effective targeted delivery of synthesized P22 viral capsid nanocomposites is demonstrated by fluorescent cell imaging and the efficacy of delivered P22 viral capsid nanocomposites is evaluated using a cell viability assay.
Individual variability in finger‐to‐finger transmission efficiency of Enterococcus faecium clones
Authors: del Campo Rosa , Sánchez‐Díaz Ana María , Zamora Javier , Torres Carmen , Cintas Luis María , Franco Elvira , Cantón Rafael , Baquero Fernando 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA fingertip‐to‐fingertip intraindividual transmission experiment was carried out in 30 healthy volunteers, using four MLST‐typed Enterococcus faecium clones. Overall results showed an adequate fit goodness to a theoretical exponential model, whereas four volunteers (13%) exhibited a significantly higher finger‐to‐finger bacterial transmission efficiency. This observation might have deep consequences in nosocomial epidemiology.
Zwei Jahre Vorsprung
Authors: Rauh Franziska 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSchüler aus Sachsen, Sachsen‐Anhalt, Thüringen und Brandenburg schneiden im Ländervergleich 2012 in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften am besten ab. Das verdanken sie vor allem ihren gut ausgebildeten Lehrern, doch diese stehen kurz vor dem Ruhestand.
Pharmacogenetically based dosing of thiopurines in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Influence on cure rates and risk of second cancer
Authors: Levinsen Mette , Rotevatn Elisabeth Ørskov , Rosthøj Susanne , Nersting Jacob , Abrahamsson Jonas , Appell Malin Lindqvist , Bergan Stein , Bechensteen Anne‐Grete , Harila‐Saari Arja , Heyman Mats , Jonsson Olafur Gisli , Maxild Jakob Bernhard Cohn , Niemi Mikko , Söderhäll Stefan , Schmiegelow Kjeld ,   for the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology (NOPHO)
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have indicated that patients with thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) low activity (TPMTLA) have reduced risk of relapse but increased risk of second malignant neoplasm (SMN) compared to patients with TPMT wild‐type (TPMTWT) when treated with 6MP maintenance therapy starting doses of 75 mg/m2/day. To reduce SMN risk, 6MP starting doses were reduced to 50 mg/m2/day for patients withTPMTheterozygosity in the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL2000 protocol.ProcedureWe explored the pattern of SMN and relapse in the NOPHO ALL2000 protocol (n = 674) and NOPHO ALL92 protocol (n = 601) in relation to TPMT pheno‐ and/or genotype.ResultsThe overall risk of any event did not differ significantly between the two protocols. However, in event pattern analyses considering only the patients withTPMTLAwho experienced relapse or SMN, the risk of SMN versus leukemia relapse was significantly lower in the ALL2000 cohort for patients with a 6MP starting dose <75 mg/m2/day when compared to the patients in ALL92 (relapse (n = 11) and SMN (n = 0) in ALL2000 versus relapse (n = 5) and SMN (n = 4) in ALL92,P = 0.03). Furthermore, the 8‐year cumulative incidence of relapse for patients withTPMTLAwas significantly higher in the ALL2000 compared to the ALL92 cohort (19.7% (11.6–33.3%) vs. 6.7% (2.9–15.5%),P = 0.03).ConclusionThis study indicates that reducing 6MP starting dose for patients withTPMTLAmay reduce SMN risk but lead to a relapse risk similar to that of patients withTPMTWT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:797–802. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of the Brisance of Energetic Materials
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein , Seif Farhad , Soury Hossein 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe brisance parameter can be used to show the shattering power of an energetic compound and the speed to reach its peak pressure. It determines the effectiveness with which an explosive can fragment a shell. Nowadays, the sand test or sand crushing test is the preferred method for brisance measurements but there is no reliable method for the prediction of the brisance parameter. In this paper, a method for the prediction of the brisance through sand test for pure and mixed energetic materials as well as aluminized explosives is reported. It is based on the molecular structure of the desired compound and once the conclusion is established any experimental data is redundant. The calculated brisance relative to 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (=100) shows good agreement with the measured values.
Ultrasound and Laser as Stand‐Alone Therapies for Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Manca A. , Limonta E. , Pilurzi G. , Ginatempo F. , De Natale E. R. , Mercante B. , Tolu E. , Deriu F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposeUltrasound (US) and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) are commonly employed for myofascial trigger points (MTP) despite lack of evidence for usage as stand‐alone treatments. The aim of the study was to determine, on MTP of the upper trapezius muscle (uTM), the effects of US and LLLT per se, as delivered in accordance with the procedures reported by surveys about their usage among physiotherapists.MethodsDesign was set as a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study. Sixty participants with at least one active MTP in uTM (28 women and 32 men; mean age 24.5 ± 1.44 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to one out of five groups: active US (n = 12), placebo US (n = 12), active LLLT (n = 11), placebo LLLT (n = 11) and no therapy (control, n = 14). The participants and outcome assessor were blinded to the group assignment and therapy delivered. Three outcome measures were assessed at baseline, after a 2‐week treatment and 12 weeks after the end of the intervention (follow‐up): pressure pain threshold, subjective pain on a numerical rating scale and muscle extensibility performing a cervical lateral flexion. All subjects assigned to the intervention groups were treated five times weekly for overall 10 treatments given. Two‐way ANOVA was used to compare differences before and after intervention and among groups at each time‐point.ResultsAfter the 2‐week intervention, all groups showed pressure pain threshold, numerical rating scale and cervical lateral flexion significant improvements (p < 0.05), which were confirmed at the follow‐up. When performing multiple comparisons, controls scored significantly less than both the active therapies and placebos, whereas no differences were detected between active therapies and placebos.ConclusionsUltrasound and LLLT provided significant improvements in pain and muscle extensibility, which were superior to no therapy but not to placebos, thus raising concerns about the suitability, both economically and ethically, of administering such common physical modalities as stand‐alone treatments in active MTP of the uTM. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Growth of GaAs nanowires on Si substrate by molecular beam epitaxy under alternating supply
Authors: Kizu R. , Yamaguchi M. , Amano H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDue to a technical mistake, Figures 1 and 3 in this paper [1] were displayed erroneously. Please find here the correct versions of these figures. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimentally induced metamorphosis in axolotls reduces regenerative rate and fidelity
Authors: Monaghan James R. , Stier Adrian C. , Michonneau François , Smith Matthew D. , Pasch Bret , Maden Malcolm , Seifert Ashley W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhile most tetrapods are unable to regenerate severed body parts, amphibians display a remarkable ability to regenerate an array of structures. Frogs can regenerate appendages as larva, but they lose this ability around metamorphosis. In contrast, salamanders regenerate appendages as larva, juveniles, and adults. However, the extent to which fundamental traits (e.g., metamorphosis, body size, aging, etc.) restrict regenerative ability remains contentious. Here we utilize the ability of normally paedomorphic adult axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) to undergo induced metamorphosis by thyroxine exposure to test how metamorphosis and body size affects regeneration in age‐matched paedomorphic and metamorphic individuals. We show that body size does not affect regeneration in adult axolotls, but metamorphosis causes a twofold reduction in regeneration rate, and lead to carpal and digit malformations. Furthermore, we find evidence that metamorphic blastemal cells may take longer to traverse the cell cycle and display a lower proliferative rate. This study identifies the axolotl as a powerful system to study how metamorphosis restricts regeneration independently of developmental stage, body size, and age; and more broadly how metamorphosis affects tissue‐specific changes.
Self‐triggered state‐feedback control of linear plants under bounded disturbances
Authors: Almeida J. , Silvestre C. , Pascoal A.M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of self‐triggered state‐feedback control for linear plants under bounded disturbances. In a self‐triggered scenario, the controller is allowed to choose when the next sampling time should occur and does so based on the current sampled state and on a priori knowledge about the plant. Besides comparing some existing approaches to self‐triggered control available in the literature, we propose a new self‐triggered control strategy that allows for the consideration of model‐based controllers, a class of controllers that includes as a special case static controllers with a zero‐order hold of the last state measurement. We show that our proposed control strategy renders the solutions of the closed‐loop system globally uniformly ultimately bounded. We further show that there exists a minimum time interval between sampling times and provide a method for computing a lower bound for it. An illustrative example with numerical results is included in order to compare the existing strategies and the proposed one. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Role Delineation Study of Hand Surgery in the USA: Assessing Variations in Fellowship Training and Clinical Practice
Authors: Aliu Oluseyi , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: January 2014

Background We examined the fellowship experience of hand surgeons in the USA to identify gaps and variations in exposure to essential skills and knowledge during hand fellowship. Methods We conducted a web-based survey of the entire American Society for Surgery of the Hand and American Association for Hand Surgery membership. We inquired about the level of exposure received to 170 knowledge topics and procedures during fellowship. We used factor analysis to group the knowledge topics and procedures into 79 scales of related items and calculated mean exposure ratings for each scale. We compared the ratings between graduates of plastic surgery (PS) and orthopedic surgery (OS) Residency Review Committee (RRC)-accredited fellowships. Results Our response rate was 21 % ( n=562). Plastic surgery RRC-accredited fellowship graduates reported inadequate exposure for proficiency in 22 % (17/79) of the knowledge topic and procedure scales whereas graduates of OS RRC-accredited fellowships reported inadequate exposure for proficiency in 10 % (8/79) of the scales. Moreover, 11 and 21 % of graduates from PS RRC-accredited fellowships reported receiving no exposure in distal radius/ulna and forearm conditions, respectively, whereas only 1 and 2 % of graduates from OS RRC-accredited fellowships reported receiving no exposure in the same domains, respectively. Conclusions Hand surgeons reported significant variations in exposure to essential skills and knowledge. Additionally, in a considerable number of knowledge topics and procedures, a majority of participants in both groups reported what they perceived as inadequate or no exposure during their hand surgery fellowship.
Cultivar Characterization of Tea Seed Oils by Their Active Components and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Wang Xiao‐qin , Liang Xing‐qiu , Zhao Jun , Huang Bing‐bing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCultivar characterization of tea seed oils based on their active components and antioxidant capacity was carried out, providing fundamental data for authentication. The seeds were collected from 28 cultivars grown under the same conditions in the region of Anxi county of Fujian province and their oils were analyzed. The results showed that total phenols content (TPC), total flavonoids content, α‐tocopherol contents, γ‐tocopherol content and δ‐tocopherol content were 16.7–529.3 mg GAE/kg of oil, 4.4–208.7 mg rutin/kg of oil, 7.7–347.1 mg/kg of oil, 1.8–106.7 mg/kg of oil, 0.003–35.769 mg/kg of oil, respectively. The antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), absorbance of protein carbonyl (APC) and the absorbance of protein hydroperoxides (APH) were 91.0–2,164.5 μmol/100 g of oil, 251.0–1,209.5 μmol/100 g of oil, 0.014–0.135, 0.034–0.458, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed that the presence of phenolic compounds was significantly correlated with the antioxidant capacity of tea seed oil. Principal Component Analysis revealed the first three components accounted for 81.31 % of the total variance within the data and the main contributor parameters were DPPH, ORAC, APC, APH and TPC. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the cultivars into three groups, which were in line with the genetic relationship among the cultivars. Our results supplied basic data for the antioxidant mechanism research of tea seed oil and provided necessary information to develop a breeding program directed to tea seed cultivar selections with the high nutraceutical value of tea seed oil.
Quality Characterization of the Olive Oil from Var. Tosca 07® Grown in a Commercial High Density Orchard
Authors: Abenoza María , Benito Marta , Oria Rosa , Sánchez‐Gimeno A. Cristina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA high density olive orchard represents a new planting system that requires cultivars with low vegetative vigor, such as Arbequina and Arbosana varieties. Different cultivars provide different performances in such orchards. This research was performed in order to determine the behavior of the new olive variety Tosca 07® in a commercial, high density orchard. The quality of Tosca 07® olive oils in three different maturity degrees during two crops seasons by physico‐chemical and nutritional characterization were compared with Arbequina olive oils obtained from trees grown under the same conditions. Tosca 07® is a very interesting olive variety for high density orchards. Because of its early ripening, it would be suitable for early harvesting, and this could be interesting for avoiding cold temperatures, frost, etc. Tosca 07® olive oils have also demonstrated a very suitable chemical composition in comparison with Arbequina olive oils, especially for their high content of antioxidant compounds (α‐tocopherol and pigments) present within the oils.