bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early modern human settlement of Europe north of the Alps occurred 43,500 years ago in a cold steppe-type environment
Authors: Nigst Philip R. , Haesaerts Paul , Damblon Freddy , Frank-Fellner Christa , Mallol Carolina , Viola Bence , Götzinger Michael , Niven Laura , Trnka Gerhard , Hublin Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Modern humans dispersed into Europe and replaced Neanderthals at least 40,000 years ago. However, the precise timing and climatic context of this dispersal are heavily debated. Therefore, a new project combining paleoenvironmental and archaeological fieldwork has been undertaken at Willendorf II (Austria), a key site for this time period. This project has concluded that modern humans producing Aurignacian stone tools occupied Central Europe about 43,500 years ago in a medium-cold steppe environment with some boreal trees along valleys. This discovery represents the oldest well-documented occurrence of behaviorally modern humans in Europe and demonstrates contemporaneity with Neanderthals in other parts of Europe, showing that behaviorally modern humans and Neanderthals shared this region longer than previously thought.
Emergence of long-range order in sheets of magnetic dimers
Authors: Haravifard S. , Banerjee A. , van Wezel J. , Silevitch D. M. , dos Santos A. M. , Lang J. C. , Kermarrec E. , Srajer G. , Gaulin B. D. , Molaison J. J. , Dabkowska H. A. , Rosenbaum T. F. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Magnetic materials are composed of individual spins that interact with each other and under suitable conditions can arrange themselves in an ordered array. When spins are confined to two-dimensional sheets, small perturbations can disrupt their order and destroy the magnetic state. We show how a set of interacting, quantum-mechanical spins placed on the corners of a square array evolves from a set of locally bonded entities to a globally ordered structure. The system stabilizes itself against fluctuations through subtle local contractions, elongations, and tilts. The combination of neutron and X-ray scattering at pressures up to 60,000 atmospheres reveals the complex interplay of structural distortions and spin alignments that permit long-range order to emerge in this model quantum magnet.
Modeling putative therapeutic implications of exosome exchange between tumor and immune cells
Authors: Lu Mingyang , Huang Bin , Hanash Samir M. , Onuchic José N. , Ben-Jacob Eshel 
Published: September 2014

SignificanceA better understanding of mechanisms of immune evasion by cancer cells and the role of the tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing new effective cancer therapeutic strategies. The challenge is posed by the enormous complexity of both the immune system and the tumor microenvironment, and the intricate cancer–immunity signaling network. Here, we develop a tractable theoretical framework to study the putative role of exosome communication in the cancer–immunity interplay. Exosomes are small (30–200 nm) vesicles that transfer proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs to nearby and faraway cells. Guided by this model, we compare the effectiveness of administering radiation therapy alone or in combination with immunotherapy, illustrating how the model can shed light on the design and assessments of combination therapies.
PhaseTank: genome-wide computational identification of phasiRNAs and their regulatory cascades
Authors: Guo Qingli , Qu Xiongfei , Jin Weibo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Summary: Emerging evidence has revealed phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs) as important endogenous regulators in plants. However, the integrated prediction tools for phasiRNAs are still limited. In this article, we introduce a stand-alone package PhaseTank for systematically characterizing phasiRNAs and their regulatory networks. (i) It can identify phasiRNAs/tasiRNAs functional cascades (miRNA/phasiRNA→ PHAS loci→phasiRNA→target) with high sensitivity and specificity. (ii) By one command analysis, it generates comprehensive annotation and quantification of the predicted PHAS genes from any given sequences. (iii) PhaseTank has no restriction with regards to prior information of sequence homology of unrestricted organism origins.
Availability and implementation: PhaseTank is a free and open-source tool. The package is available at http://phasetank.sourceforge.net/ .
Contact: weibojin@gmail.com or guoql.karen@gmail.com .
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A kinematically distinct core and minor-axis rotation: the MUSE perspective on M87
Authors: Emsellem Eric , Krajnović Davor , Sarzi Marc 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We present evidence for the presence of a low-amplitude kinematically distinct component in the giant early-type galaxy M87, via data sets obtained with the SAURON and MUSE integral-field spectroscopic units. The MUSE velocity field reveals a strong twist of ∼140° within the central 30 arcsec connecting outwards such a kinematically distinct core to a prolate-like rotation around the large-scale photometric major axis of the galaxy. The existence of these kinematic features within the apparently round central regions of M87 implies a non-axisymmetric and complex shape for this galaxy, which could be further constrained using the presented kinematics. The associated orbital structure should be interpreted together with other tracers of the gravitational potential probed at larger scales (e.g. globular clusters, ultra-compact dwarfs, planetary nebulae): it would offer an insight in the assembly history of one of the brightest galaxies in the Virgo cluster. These data also demonstrate the potential of the MUSE spectrograph to uncover low-amplitude spectral signatures.
Discovery of a new Galactic bona fide luminous blue variable with Spitzer
Authors: Gvaramadze V. V. , Kniazev A. Y. , Berdnikov L. N. , Langer N. , Grebel E. K. , Bestenlehner J. M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a circular mid-infrared shell around the emission-line star Wray 16-137 using archival data of the Spitzer Space Telescope. Follow-up optical spectroscopy of Wray 16-137 with the Southern African Large Telescope revealed a rich emission spectrum typical of the classical luminous blue variables (LBVs) like P Cygni. Subsequent spectroscopic and photometric observations showed drastic changes in the spectrum and brightness during the last three years, meaning that Wray 16-137 currently undergoes an S Dor-like outburst. Namely, we found that the star has brightened by ≈1 mag in the V and Ic bands, while its spectrum became dominated by Fe ii lines. Taken together, our observations unambiguously show that Wray 16-137 is a new member of the family of Galactic bona fide LBVs.
Variation in Sulfur and Selenium Accumulation Is Controlled by Naturally Occurring Isoforms of the Key Sulfur Assimilation Enzyme ADENOSINE 5′-PHOSPHOSULFATE REDUCTASE2 across the Arabidopsis Species Range
Authors: Chao Dai-Yin , Baraniecka Patrycja , Danku John , Koprivova Anna , Lahner Brett , Luo Hongbing , Yakubova Elena , Dilkes Brian , Kopriva Stanislav , Salt David E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Natural variation allows the investigation of both the fundamental functions of genes and their role in local adaptation. As one of the essential macronutrients, sulfur is vital for plant growth and development and also for crop yield and quality. Selenium and sulfur are assimilated by the same process, and although plants do not require selenium, plant-based selenium is an important source of this essential element for animals. Here, we report the use of linkage mapping in synthetic F2 populations and complementation to investigate the genetic architecture of variation in total leaf sulfur and selenium concentrations in a diverse set of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions. We identify in accessions collected from Sweden and the Czech Republic two variants of the enzyme ADENOSINE 5′-PHOSPHOSULFATE REDUCTASE2 (APR2) with strongly diminished catalytic capacity. APR2 is a key enzyme in both sulfate and selenate reduction, and its reduced activity in the loss-of-function allele apr2-1 and the two Arabidopsis accessions Hodonín and Shahdara leads to a lowering of sulfur flux from sulfate into the reduced sulfur compounds, cysteine and glutathione, and into proteins, concomitant with an increase in the accumulation of sulfate in leaves. We conclude from our observation, and the previously identified weak allele of APR2 from the Shahdara accession collected in Tadjikistan, that the catalytic capacity of APR2 varies by 4 orders of magnitude across the Arabidopsis species range, driving significant differences in sulfur and selenium metabolism. The selective benefit, if any, of this large variation remains to be explored.
“Which hat do I say I'm wearing?”: identity work of independent coaching practitioners
Authors: Evans Christina , Lines David 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to provide an insight into the complexities of the identity work performed by independent coaches, based on an investigation into their “lived experiences”. The emerging coaching industry has created opportunities for individuals wishing to pursue a career as independent executive/career coaches.Design/methodology/approach– This exploratory investigation was conducted using the principles of grounded theory, drawing on insights from “knowledgeable informants” (18 in total) gained through interviews and focus group discussion.Findings– Despite the attractiveness of pursuing an independent career, the findings surfaced a number of tensions in the way that independent coaches transform and perform their identity. One tension involves balancing notions of self-identity and “ideal work” with presenting a credible self to different client groups, the purchasers of their services.Research limitations/implications– As the research focused on a specific category of independent practitioners, more research is required to assess the generalizability of the findings to other categories of practitioners.Practical implications– A framework illuminating the processual nature of identity work among independent coaches is presented. This could be used to inform developmental conversations with aspiring independent coaches, or to support the content on formal coaching programmes.Originality/value– In drawing attention to the complexities of identity work performed by independent coaches, given the contingencies affecting their work, this research offers a different contribution to the coaching literature.
Compromise and avoidance: the response to new legislation
Authors: Haraldsson Mattias , Tagesson Torbjörn 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to describe, analyze and explain the level of compliance of accounting practices with legislation and generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) within the Swedish water and sewerage sector.

Design/methodology/approach
– The empirical data are based on a document study of the annual full cost accounting reports for the financial year 2010. We obtained complete data from 250 of Sweden's 290 municipalities. The data are analyzed by statistical methods. The explanations are based on an institutional theory.

Findings
– Most of the organizations surveyed in this study had taken measures in line with the new regulations, but none of them had adapted fully to the new requirements. Thus, we suggest that the industry has responded to the new regulation by compromise and avoidance. The statistical analyses show that compliance with legislation and GAAP is associated with legal form, minority governance, fee, tax base, population growth and audit firm.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper provides insight into the factors that explain compliance with accounting regulation. Future research would benefit from researching the decision process when organizations choose to comply or not to comply with specific accounting regulations in the public sector.

Originality/value
– Few prior studies focus on the actual compliance of accounting practices at the municipal level in relation to accounting regulation and the factors that explain the level of compliance. Knowledge of the factors that explain compliance to accounting regulation will benefit from future policy decisions on regulation and auditing of public sector accounting.
Income inequality, poverty and crime across nations
Authors: Pare Paul‐Philippe , Felson Richard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe examine the relationship between income inequality, poverty, and different types of crime. Our results are consistent with recent research in showing that inequality is unrelated to homicide rates when poverty is controlled. In our multi‐level analyses of theInternationalCrimeVictimizationSurvey we find that inequality is unrelated to assault, robbery, burglary, and theft when poverty is controlled. We argue that there are also theoretical reasons to doubt that the level of income inequality of a country affects the likelihood of criminal behaviour.
Provoking misunderstanding: a comment on Black's defence of value‐free sociology
Authors: Hammersley Martyn 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper is a response to a recent article dealing with the concept of value‐free sociology by Donald Black. It argues that while a defence of Weber's position on the role of values in sociological research is necessary and important, what is offered by Black is counter‐productive in important respects. This is because it encourages some of the misunderstandings that it is aimed at remedying and, even more importantly, offers a simplistic discussion of what are complex issues.
Indian Meal Moth (Plodia Interpunctella)–Resistant Food Packaging Film Development Using Microencapsulated Cinnamon Oil
Authors: Kim In‐Hah , Song Ah Young , Han Jaejoon , Park Ki Hwan , Min Sea C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInsect‐resistant laminate films containing microencapsulated cinnamon oil (CO) were developed to protect food products from the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella). CO microencapsulated with polyvinyl alcohol was incorporated with a printing ink and the ink mixture was applied to a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film as an ink coating. The coated LDPE surface was laminated with a polypropylene film. The laminate film impeded the invasion of moth larvae and repelled the larvae. The periods of time during which cinnamaldehyde level in the film remained above a minimum repelling concentration, predicted from the concentration profile, were 21, 21, and 10 d for cookies, chocolate, and caramel, respectively. Coating with microencapsulated ink did not alter the tensile or barrier properties of the laminate film. Microencapsulation effectively prevented volatilization of CO. The laminate film can be produced by modern film manufacturing lines and applied to protect food from Indian meal moth damage.
Decomposition of Seasonality and Long‐term Trend in Seismological Data: A Bayesian Modelling of Earthquake Detection Capability
Authors: Iwata Takaki 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis study demonstrates the decomposition of seasonality and long‐term trend in seismological data observed at irregular time intervals. The decomposition was applied to the estimation of earthquake detection capability using cubic B‐splines and a Bayesian approach, which is similar to the seasonal adjustment model frequently used to analyse economic time‐series data. We employed numerical simulation to verify the method and then applied it to real earthquake datasets obtained in and around the northern Honshu island, Japan. With this approach, we obtained the seasonality of the detection capability related to the annual variation of wind speed and the long‐term trend corresponding to the recent improvement of the seismic network in the studied region.
Semiparametric estimation in generalized linear mixed models with auxiliary covariates: A pairwise likelihood approach
Authors: Liu Li , Xiang Liming 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAuxiliary covariates are often encountered in biomedical research settings where the primary exposure variable is measured only for a subgroup of study subjects. This article is concerned with generalized linear mixed models in the presence of auxiliary covariate information for clustered data. We propose a novel semiparametric estimation method based on a pairwise likelihood function and develop an estimating equation‐based inference procedure by treating both the error structure and random effects as nuisance parameters. This method is robust against misspecification of either error structure or random‐effects distribution and allows for dependence between random effects and covariates. We show that the resulting estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. Extensive simulation studies evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed estimators and demonstrate their advantage over the validation set based method and the existing method. We illustrate the method with two real data examples.
In‐group bias in children's intention to help can be overpowered by inducing empathy
Authors: Sierksma Jellie , Thijs Jochem , Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: September 2014

An experimental vignette study was conducted among children (8–13 years) to examine whether inducing empathic understanding is an effective intervention to overpower peer group boundaries in children's helping. Children were induced or not induced to empathize with the recipient of help, who was or was not part of their (imagined) group of friends. Results showed that children intended to help in‐group peers more compared to outgroup peers when empathic understanding was not induced. However, when empathy was induced, they intended to help friends and non‐friends equally. Inducing empathic understanding was effective independent of the recipient's level of need, and children's advanced social perspective‐taking ability. Encouraging children to imagine how a recipient of help feels might thus be a useful strategy to prevent peer group‐based biases in children's helping behaviour.
Enriching the hierarchical model of achievement motivation: Autonomous and controlling reasons underlying achievement goals
Authors: Michou Aikaterini , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Mouratidis Athanasios , Lens Willy 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThe hierarchical model of achievement motivation presumes that achievement goals channel the achievement motives of need for achievement and fear of failure towards motivational outcomes. Yet, less is known whether autonomous and controlling reasons underlying the pursuit of achievement goals can serve as additional pathways between achievement motives and outcomes.AimsWe tested whether mastery approach, performance approach, and performance avoidance goals and their underlying autonomous and controlling reasons would jointly explain the relation between achievement motives (i.e., fear of failure and need for achievement) and learning strategies (Study 1). Additionally, we examined whether the autonomous and controlling reasons underlying learners' dominant achievement goal would account for the link between achievement motives and the educational outcomes of learning strategies and cheating (Study 2).SampleSix hundred and six Greek adolescent students (Mage = 15.05, SD = 1.43) and 435 university students (Mage M = 20.51, SD = 2.80) participated in studies 1 and 2, respectively.MethodIn both studies, a correlational design was used and the hypotheses were tested via path modelling.ResultsAutonomous and controlling reasons underlying the pursuit of achievement goals mediated, respectively, the relation of need for achievement and fear of failure to aspects of learning outcomes.ConclusionAutonomous and controlling reasons underlying achievement goals could further explain learners' functioning in achievement settings.
Heritage preservation and the “differentiated countryside”: Evidence from southern Ontario
Authors: Mitchell Clare J.A. , Randle Kathryn 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHedonic consumption is contributing to functional diversity in the amenity‐rich countryside of many North American and European cities. Building on earlier research (Mitchell ), we question if heritage policy is contributing to this emerging state. We revisit St. Jacobs, Ontario, whose historic commercial core has evolved into a hybrid pleasure‐scape appealing to the amenity‐seeking consumer. Our policy, streetscape, and functional analyses find an absence of Regional and Township bylaws mandating building preservation and, hence, few designated properties in the village. Building removal and addition has ensued, giving rise to considerable functional elasticity. We conclude that the absence of an effective public preservation narrative, combined with a hegemonic profit discourse, encourages functional change and differentiation within the city's countryside. This scenario is undoubtedly unfolding not only here, but in other rural spaces with hedonistic appeal.
A Cognitive Model of Dynamic Cooperation With Varied Interdependency Information
Authors: Gonzalez Cleotilde , Ben‐Asher Noam , Martin Jolie M. , Dutt Varun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe analyze the dynamics of repeated interaction of two players in the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) under various levels of interdependency information and propose an instance‐based learning cognitive model (IBL‐PD) to explain how cooperation emerges over time. Six hypotheses are tested regarding how a player accounts for an opponent's outcomes: the selfish hypothesis suggests ignoring information about the opponent and utilizing only the player's own outcomes; the extreme fairness hypothesis weighs the player's own and the opponent's outcomes equally; the moderate fairness hypothesis weighs the opponent's outcomes less than the player's own outcomes to various extents; the linear increasing hypothesis increasingly weighs the opponent's outcomes at a constant rate with repeated interactions; the hyperbolic discounting hypothesis increasingly and nonlinearly weighs the opponent's outcomes over time; and the dynamic expectations hypothesis dynamically adjusts the weight a player gives to the opponent's outcomes, according to the gap between the expected and the actual outcomes in each interaction. When players lack explicit feedback about their opponent's choices and outcomes, results are consistent with the selfish hypothesis; however, when this information is made explicit, the best predictions result from the dynamic expectations hypothesis.
How Do Groups Work? Age Differences in Performance and the Social Outcomes of Peer Collaboration
Authors: Leman Patrick J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDo children derive different benefits from group collaboration at different ages? In the present study, 183 children from two age groups (8.8 and 13.4 years) took part in a class quiz as members of a group, or individually. In some groups, cohesiveness was made salient by awarding prizes to the top performing groups. In other groups, prizes were awarded to the best performing individuals. Findings, both in terms of social outcomes and performance in the quiz, indicated that the 8‐year olds viewed the benefits of group membership in terms of the opportunities to receive information from other members. The 13‐year olds, in contrast, viewed group collaboration as a constructive process where success was connected with group cohesiveness.