bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting involvement of polycomb repressive complex 2 in direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts into induced neural stem cells
Authors: Yaqubi Moein , Mohammadnia Abdulshakour , Fallahi Hossein 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Mouse fibroblasts could be directly converted into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), by introducing a set of known transcription factors (TFs). This process, known as direct reprogramming, is an alternative source of NSCs production for cell therapy applications, hence, more common sources for such cells including embryonic stem cell (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) are also in use. Despite their importance, the exact role of different TFs involved in the conversion of fibroblasts into iNSCs and the interactions between these factors has not been studied.

Methods
Here, we have used available microarray data to construct a gene regulatory network to understand the dynamic of regulatory interactions during this conversion. We have implemented other types of data such as information regarding TFs binding sites and valid protein-protein interactions to improve the network reliability. The network contained 1857 differentially expressed (DE) genes, linked by11054 interactions. The most important TFs identified based on topology analysis of the network. Furthermore, in selecting such TFs, we have also considered their role in the regulation of nervous system development.

Results
Based on these analyses, we found that Ezh2, Jarid2, Mtf2, Nanog, Pou5f1, Sall4, Smarca4, Sox2, Suz12, and Tcf3 are the main regulators of direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts into iNSCs. Because, members of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) were present in the most effective TFs’ list, we have concluded that this complex is one of the major factors in this conversion. Additionally, gene expression profiling of iNSCs, obtained from a different data sets, showed that Sox2 and Ezh2 are two main regulators of the direct reprogramming process.

Conclusions
Our results provide an insight into molecular events that occur during direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into iNSCs. This information could be useful in simplifying the production of iNSCs, by reducing the number of required factors, for use in regenerative medicine.
Combining material and model pedigree is foundational to making ICME a reality
Authors: Arnold Steven M , Holland Frederic A , Bednarcyk Brett A , Pineda Evan J 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWith the increased emphasis on reducing the cost and time to market of new materials, the need for analytical tools that enable the virtual design and optimization of materials throughout their processing-internal structure-property-performance envelope, along with the capturing and storing of the associated material and model information across its life cycle, has become critical. This need is also fueled by the demands for higher efficiency in material testing; consistency, quality, and traceability of data; product design; engineering analysis; as well as control of access to proprietary or sensitive information. Fortunately, materials information management systems and physics-based multiscale modeling methods have kept pace with the growing user demands. Herein, recent efforts to identify best practices associated with these user demands and key principles for the development of a robust materials information management system will be discussed. The goals are to enable the connections at various length scales to be made between experimental data and corresponding multiscale modeling toolsets and, ultimately, to enable ICME to become a reality. In particular, the NASA Glenn Research Center efforts towards establishing such a database (for combining material and model pedigree) associated with both monolithic and composite materials as well as a multiscale, micromechanics-based analysis toolset for such materials will be discussed.
Development of plasma enhanced antiviral surgical gown for healthcare workers
Authors: Parthasarathi Venkatesan , Thilagavathi Govindharajan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPlasma treatments are gaining popularity in the textile industry due to their numerous advantages over conventional wet processing techniques. In this study, nonwoven fabrics spunbond polypropylene, polyester basis weight of 25 g/m2and microporous PTFE film were used to develop tri-laminate antiviral surgical gown. The outer layer of spunbond polypropylene was treated with plasma enhanced fluorocarbon. The plasma treated polypropylene was also treated with titanium nano dispersion finish in a single bath pad-dry-cure method. The pore sizes of nonwoven fabrics were characterized using tri-nocular microscope. The titanium nano finished polypropylene was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The tri-laminate surgical gown was developed with outer layer of plasma treated polypropylene, middle layer of PTFE and inner layer of polyester nonwoven. Liquid barrier properties of surgical performance were analyzed by viral penetration, antibacterial, spray impact penetration, hydrostatic resistance, tensile properties and moisture vapour permeability to estimate their suitability for antiviral surgical gown. It is observed that plasma treated gown shows 99.04% bacterial reduction as compared to untreated, thus providing barrier against microbes. The plasma treatment does not alter the weight and tensile properties of surgical gown. The developed plasma enhanced flurocarbon treated tri-laminate surgical gown offer sufficient liquid barrier properties for level 4 protection as per Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation classification. Moisture vapour transfer rate of plasma treated tri-laminate gown decreased by 21% in comparison with untreated nonwoven gown.
Regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects using cells-implanted nano-hydroxyapatite coated silk scaffolds
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Yang Cheryl , Jung Im-Hee , Lim Hyun-Chang , Lee Jung-Seok , Jung Ui-Won , Seo Young-Kwon , Park Jung-Keug , Choi Seong-Ho 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to characterize the efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite-coated silk fibroin constructs as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering and to determine the osteogenic effect of human dental pulp and periodontal ligament derived cells at an early stage of healing in rabbits. 3D silk fibroin constructs were developed and coated using nano-hydroxyapatite crystals. Dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells from extracted human third molars were cultured and seeded onto the silk scaffolds prior to in vivo implantation into 8 male New Zealand White rabbits. Four circular windows 8 mm in diameter were created in the calvarium of each animal. The defects were randomly allocated to the groups; (1) silk scaffold with dental pulp cells (DPSS), (2) silk scaffold with PDL cells (PDLSS), (3) normal saline-soaked silk scaffold (SS), and (4) empty control. The animals were sacrificed 2 (n = 4) or 4 weeks (n = 4) postoperatively. The characteristics of the silk scaffolds before and after cell seeding were analyzed using SEM. Samples were collected for histologic and histomorphometic analysis. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

Result
Histologic view of the experimental sites showed well-maintained structure of the silk scaffolds mostly unresorbed at 4 weeks. The SEM observations after cell-seeding revealed attachment of the cells onto silk fibroin with production of extracellular matrix. New bone formation was observed in the 4 week groups occurring from the periphery of the defects and the silk fibers were closely integrated with the new bone. There was no significant difference in the amount of bone formation between the SS group and the DPSS and PDLSS groups.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, silk scaffold is a biocompatible material with potential expediency as an osteoconductive scaffold in bone tissue engineering. However, there was no evidence to suggest that the addition of hDPCs and hPDLCs to the current rabbit calvarial defect model can produce an early effect in augmenting osteogenesis.
AP-1 Transcription Factors c-FOS and c-JUN Mediate GnRH-Induced Cadherin-11 Expression and Trophoblast Cell Invasion
Authors: Peng Bo , Zhu Hua , Ma Liyang , Wang Yan-ling , Klausen Christian , Leung Peter C. K. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
GnRH is expressed in first-trimester human placenta and increases cell invasion in extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVTs). Invasive phenotypes have been reported to be regulated by transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) and mesenchymal cadherin-11. The aim of our study was to investigate the roles of AP-1 components (c-FOS/c-JUN) and cadherin-11 in GnRH-induced cell invasion in human EVT cells. Phosphorylated c-FOS and phosphorylated c-JUN were detected in the cell column regions of human first-trimester placental villi by immunohistochemistry. GnRH treatment increased c-FOS, c-JUN, and cadherin-11 mRNA and protein levels in immortalized EVT (HTR-8/SVneo) cells. Moreover, GnRH treatment induced c-FOS and c-JUN protein phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation. Pretreatment with antide, a GnRH antagonist, attenuated GnRH-induced cadherin-11 expression. Importantly, basal and GnRH-induced cadherin-11 expression and cell invasion were reduced by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of c-FOS, c-JUN, and cadherin-11 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Our results suggest that GnRH induces the expression and phosphorylation of the AP-1 transcription factors c-FOS and c-JUN in trophoblast cells, which contributes to GnRH-induced elevation of cadherin-11 expression and cell invasion.
Acrylamide and Lactic Acid-based Sol–Gel Process for the Preparation of Silver and Nickel Nanoparticles under a N2 Protecting Atmosphere
Authors: Li Pingyun , Sun Ju , Li Hang , Guo Xiaode , Deng Guodong , Liu Hongying , Jiang Wei , Li Fengsheng , Gu Zhiming , Wang Yujiao 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This letter reports the preparation of silver and nickel nanoparticles via a sol–gel process using acrylamide and lactic acid as the coordination agents. Silver nanoparticles with face-centered-cubic crystalline phase and grain size in the nanometer range can be obtained at 773 K. These results provide a new research route for the preparation of metallic nanoparticles.
Alternative, Lead-free, Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites for Solar Applications: A DFT Analysis
Authors: Giorgi Giacomo , Yamashita Koichi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We here theoretically investigate, by means of a density functional-based approach, the MATl0.5Bi0.5I3 (MA: CH3NH3+) perovskite, where Tl/Bi aliovalent ionic pairs replace Pb cations of the parental MAPbI3. On the basis of a pure structural and electronic analysis, considering the close similarities with the well-assessed MAPbI3 system, we predict such compounds as potential alternative materials for solar applications.
What is the value of a nurseled clinic for patients with replacement heart valves?
Authors: Parkin Denise H , Chambers John B 
Published: March 2015

Background: Long-term regular specialist surveillance is recommended to reduce the risks of complications arising after heart valve surgery. This could be delivered by a nurse-led valve clinic. Aims: To determine how often clinical events are detected within a nurse-led valve clinic and how often a cardiologist or sonographer is required. Methods: Nurse-led valve clinic outcomes and events were analysed over 48 months from 2010 to 2013. An endpoint was any new symptom or event or the need for an unscheduled echocardiogram. Results: There were 544 visits in 206 patients. Endpoints were found in 178 visits (33%). A cardiologist was required in 100 visits (18%) to see the patient in 27 and give advice in 73. Another clinician was needed in 8 visits. Unscheduled echocardiography was required in 70 (13%) visits. Conclusion: A nurse-led valve clinic is feasible. Clinical endpoints are detected frequently and enhanced long-term care can be safely provided. Review or discussion with a cardiologist or unscheduled echocardiography is sometimes required which supports the model of a multidisciplinary clinic.
Sistema de alta disponibilidad basado en plataforma de virtualización para pequeñas y medianas empresas
Authors: Wanumen Silva Luis Felipe , Mosquera Palacios Darin Jairo 
Published: March 2015

La tolerancia a fallos se basa hoy día fundamentalmente en un concepto: redundancia (Guangping, y otros, 2009). La investigación busca proponer una solución para pequeñas y medianas empresas basada en una arquitectura de alta disponibilidad y tolerancia a fallos, soportada en servicios, mediante la duplicación de sus elementos críticos y la disposición redundante de elementos software y hardware que cooperen (Weiping & Ke, 2006), bien sea en forma activa-activa o activa-pasiva, siempre en forma transparente al usuario final.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of endo-2-carboxy-bicyclo[2.2.1]- heptane, C8H12O2
Authors: Schalekamp Henk , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract C8H12O2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 5.8945(4) Å, b = 6.0522(3) Å, c = 10.7643(7) Å, α = 101.219(2)°, β = 90.581(2)°, γ = 95.445(2)°, V = 374.8 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0417, wRref(F2) = 0.1105, T = 200 K.
¡Qué feíto estás tú también, cariño!: A Comparison of the Response to the Use of ‘Positive’ Irony for Complimenting in Peninsular and Mexican Spanish
Authors: Mack Sara , Sykes Julie M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Previous work examining irony has indicated that positive irony can be used to convey praise and build solidarity in both compliments and compliment responses. However, systematic, cross-dialectal work in this area is still relatively scarce. Using an e-DCT (i.e. an electronically delivered discourse completion task that includes a verbal report component), this study compares compliment-response sequences, which include the presence and absence of positive irony, in Mexican and Peninsular Spanish. Results indicate a strong influence on strategy choice by both groups of speakers based on the presence or absence of positive irony in the compliment. While common tendencies were found across dialectal groups, there were differences in terms of the specific strategies used to realize these underlying patterns, especially in the case of [+irony] compliments. Verbal report data were also analyzed to further understand the speakers’ selection of certain strategies.
The Role of Frequency in First-Person Plural Variation in Brazilian Portuguese: Nós vs. a gente
Authors: Travis Catherine E. , Silveira Agripino S. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper investigates the conditioning of the variation between two first-person plural forms in contemporary spoken Brazilian Portuguese, an older pronoun nós used with first-person plural agreement and a newer pronoun a gente, derived from an NP meaning ‘the people’, used with third-person singular agreement. This is part of a broader change in the language involving the breakdown of verbal agreement as third-person marking extends to the domains of first- and second-person. We consider the conditioning of use of these forms in spoken Brazilian Portuguese from Fortaleza and uncover a phenomenon that as yet has not been noted in relation to this variation, namely frequency. We find that the high type frequency of a gente contributes to the spreading use of this form, and the high token frequency of nós in specific constructions slows it down. We predict that these highly frequent constructions (such as nos temos ‘we have’, digamos ‘let’s say’ and vamos + V-INF ‘let’s V’) may remain a last vestige of nós in Brazilian Portuguese as a gente comes to take over the realm of first-person plural.
The Development of L2 Spanish Intonation During a Study Abroad Immersion Program in León, Spain: Global Contours and Final Boundary Movements
Authors: Henriksen Nicholas C. , Geeslin Kimberly L. , Willis Erik W. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The current study is the first technically-principled examination of second language Spanish intonation as it develops in a study abroad context. As such, it aims to identify patterns of development related to overall F0 contours and final boundary movements by creating individual profiles for each L2 learner at the beginning and the end of their stay abroad. Our data come from 5 English-speaking learners of Spanish enrolled in a study abroad immersion program for 7 weeks in León, Spain. We collected data through a computerized production task that elicited three context-based sentence types: declaratives, absolute interrogatives, and pronominal interrogatives. This task was administered once upon arrival to León and again at the end of the 7-week program (approximately 6 weeks elapsed between tasks). In our analysis, we calculated the initial and final tonal levels in addition to the Low and High tones of pitch accents (when applicable). For each learner the most common strategy employed at each recording time was identified. Our findings show that despite individual variation, most L2 learners modify their intonational patterns (i.e. pitch accent and boundary movements) through an increase in frequency of use of their more dominant intonation patterns and/or changes in their final boundary tone inventory.
On Teaching Grammar
Authors: Lunn Patricia 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
There are two major arguments for including grammar in the university Spanish curriculum: 1) that grammar identifies productive patterns that can serve as organizing principles for learning, and 2) that the structure of Spanish constitutes part of the knowledge that a humanities-based education is designed to impart. Recent research in the focus on form model has superseded the dichotomous debate on acquisition versus learning and provided a research-based justification for using grammar to focus student attention on productive patterns. Grammar should also play a role beyond the basic language sequence; because one of the defining characteristics of a language is its grammar, it is a natural component of cultural studies (a view supported by the ACTFL standards). Restricting the debate about teaching grammar to the realm of applied linguistics produces unrealistic expectations for the language classes and a lost opportunity for engagement with language data in the culture classes.
Testing the Cognitive Load Hypothesis: Repair Rates and Usage in a Bilingual Community
Authors: Dumont Jenny 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
It has been assumed that bilingual speakers have a heavier cognitive load than monolinguals, which may be responsible for language change such as simplification, overgeneralization, transfer and code-switching. While the cognitive load hypothesis is interesting, the hypothesis has not been empirically tested using naturally occurring speech. Using data from a Spanish/English bilingual community, this study operationalizes and tests the cognitive load hypothesis by studying disfluencies in two groups of Spanish speakers with varying degrees of English proficiency. Specifically, truncated utterances and the mechanisms of linguistic repair involved in fixing these disfluencies are examined. The results show measurable differences between the two groups. The group of speakers with higher bilingual proficiency, who are predicted to have a heavier cognitive load, shows a significantly higher rate of repair; additionally the syntactic patterns and types of repair are significantly different between the more bilingual and the less bilingual speakers, suggesting that they use repair in divergent ways. There is not sufficient evidence, however, to conclude that the more bilingual speakers have a higher cognitive load.
The Necessity of Both Naturally-Occurring and Elicited Data in Spanish Intonational Phonology
Authors: Face Timothy L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In Spanish intonational phonology, as well as intonational phonology more generally, far more work has been carried out using elicited data than naturallyoccurring data. This is to be expected given the complexities of intonation in naturally-occurring speech and the many factors that affect it. Examining intonation in a more controlled context allows an understanding of it that can serve as a starting point for the examination of intonation in naturally-occurring speech. But even then, both types of data are necessary. There are intonation patterns that occur in naturally-occurring speech that either do not exist or exist in very limited contexts in elicited speech, and therefore they are not (adequately) analyzed until naturally-occurring speech is investigated. At the same time, however, intonation patterns are complex, containing various pitch movements, and elicited data, such as through perception tasks, can help tease apart the pieces of intonation patterns and determine which ones are meaningful in communication.
Otra mirada a los procesos de gramaticalización del Presente Perfecto en español: Perú y Argentina
Authors: Louro Celeste Rodríguez , Yupanqui Margarita Jara 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper we analyze the Preterit (e.g. Estudié toda la noche) and the Present Perfect (PP) (e.g. He estudiado toda la noche) in the Lima variety of Peruvian Spanish (PER) and in Argentinian River Plate Spanish (ARG). PER and ARG have been described as “pretérito-favoring”. We revisit this proposal and show that - although the Preterit is widespread in both these dialects - the use of the PP and the tendency for the Preterit to appear in PP contexts is crucially dissimilar. Based on a thorough analysis of a corpus of oral data (125,352 words), we argue that the different patterns of development in PER and ARG are best explained by the disparate PP usage in continuative and same day/ recent past contexts. We contend that conflating PER and ARG under the umbrella term “Latin American Spanish” does not account for observed usage in oral interaction.
Prosodia y pragmática
Authors: Escandell-Vidal Victoria 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper I discuss some issues of the prosody/pragmatics interface from a pragmatician’s point of view. Among the questions that can be addressed, I focus on the following: How can we distinguish linguistic from non-linguistic aspects of prosody? Do all prosodic differences contribute to the same level of representation? What are the implications of the connection between prosody and interpretation for the general architecture of the language faculty and its interaction with other cognitive subsystems? Cognitive pragmatics can provide very useful analytical tools to answer these questions, such as the notion of procedural meaning (i.e. the linguistic encoding of processing instructions) and the distinction between three levels of representation (propositional explicatures, higher-level explicatures and implicatures). In this view, conventionalized prosodic patterns guide the hearer towards the intended interpretation by systematically constraining the interpretation in various levels. This includes grammatical distinctions, but also indications about illocutionary force, propositional attitude and the connections with the context.
Interfaces in Bilingualism
Authors: Montrul Silvina 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In recent research on bilingualism, explanations and predictions of developmental delays or inability to reach native-like attainment in specific areas of grammatical knowledge have been linked to the architecture of the language faculty. The specific emphasis has been on interfaces between the linguistic system and grammar external components, such as syntax/discourse, or between different modules of grammar, such as syntax/semantics, syntax/morphology or morphology/phonology. In this context, Sorace’s Interfaces Hypothesis has generated a significant deal of research in several bilingual populations and in different languages. This paper provides an overview of the current research and debates on interfaces and points to future directions to address pending critical questions, as well as empirical and methodological challenges.