bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evodiamine suppresses capsaicin-induced thermal hyperalgesia through activation and subsequent desensitization of the transient receptor potential V1 channels
Authors: Iwaoka Emiko , Wang Shenglan , Matsuyoshi Nobuyuki , Kogure Yoko , Aoki Shunji , Yamamoto Satoshi , Noguchi Koichi , Dai Yi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Evodiae fructus (EF), a fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, has long been used as an analgesic drug in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of its pharmacological action is unclear. Here, using calcium imaging, whole-cell patch-clamp recording, and behavioral analysis, we investigated the pharmacological action of EF and its principal compound, evodiamine, on the transient receptor potential (TRP) V1 channels. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and TRPV1- or TRPA1-transfected human embryonic kidney-derived (HEK) 293 cells were used for calcium imaging or whole-cell patch-clamp recording. Twenty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the capsaicin-induced thermal hyperalgesia behavioral analyses. We found that evodiamine induced significant increases in intracellular calcium and robust inward currents in a subpopulation of isolated rat DRG neurons, most of which were also sensitive to capsaicin. The effect of evodiamine was completely blocked by capsazepine, a competitive antagonist of TRPV1. Evodiamine induced significant inward currents in TRPV1-, but not TRPA1-transfected HEK293 cells. Pretreatment with evodiamine reduced capsaicin-induced currents significantly. Furthermore, the in vivo pre-treatment of evodiamine suppressed thermal hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of capsaicin in rats. These results identify that the analgesic effect of EF and evodiamine may be due to the activation and subsequent desensitization of TRPV1 in sensory neurons.
Interfacial Rheology of Mixed Surfactants at the Oil/Water Interface
Authors: Pang Jinyu , Du Sujun , Chang Runtian , Pei Qiang , Cui Dongxia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe interfacial rheology of surfactant mixtures (SBT and Tween® 80) at the oil/water interface is investigated using toluene as a model oil. The surfactant ratio in the mixed system has an important impact on the interfacial properties. After adding Tween® 80, the interfacial tension and modulus of SBT show remarkable changes. Compared with the individual SBT or Tween® 80 systems, the interfacial properties of the mixed surfactant system improve, especially at a 1:1 ratio. At the optimum ratio, synergistic adsorption takes place resulting in improved asphalt emulsion stability.
Using EBSD Data to Analyze Effect of Heat Supplied by Granite on CPO of Quartz in Deformed Quartzite
Authors: Mamtani Manish A. , Renjith A. R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data of quartz are presented from two quartzite samples of the Lunavada Group (Aravalli Mountain Belt, India). The two samples lie at a distance of 4 km and 30 km from the eastern margin of Godhra granite, which is known to have emplaced syntectonically with late deformation of the Lunavada Group rocks. The sample located away from the granite has weak CPO and fine grain size. Quartz grains in the sample close to the granite are coarse and show strong CPO. It is concluded that heat supplied by the Godhra granite resulted in coarsening of grain size, and dislocation creep was an important deformation mechanism in the sample proximal to the granite. Weak CPO in sample away from granite maybe due to grain boundary sliding, which may have been favoured by the finer grain size of quartz in the sample.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Ramganga Drainage Basin and Structural Control on Drainage Pattern in the Fault Zones, Uttarakhand
Authors: Asthana A. K. L. , Gupta Anil K. , Luirei Khayingshing , Bartarya S. K. , Rai S. K. , Tiwari S. K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The present study incorporates quantitative analysis of drainage of the Ramganga basin, Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. The drainage parameters (linear, areal and relief) of the Ramganga basin from Dudhatolidhar peak its point of origin to Kalagarh from where the river Ramganga enter into the plain, are covered. The impact of the morphological characters on the terrain is reflected by the drainage basin of the area. The calculated values of all the morphometric parameter of 38 Vth order intrabasins for different lithotectonic units were computed under four sectors viz., NE of NAT, between NAT and SAT, between SAT and MBT and downstream of MBT. In the lower reaches of Ramganga basin the various morphometric parameters shows existence of proportionality between stream length and catchment area while such proportionality is non-existence in the crystalline zone. Structural control on the drainage patterns of the Ramganga river and its tributaries are observed in the form of straight course, wide valleys with thick fluvial deposits and relatively gentle stream gradient along the transverse faults to incised valleys; less fluvial deposits in the banks and steeper stream gradient with knick points in the hanging wall of thrusts.
Palynofloral Evidence for PaPalynofloral Evidence for Palaeoecology and Depositional Environment of the Kopili Formation (Late Eocene), Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya
Authors: Trivedi G. K. , Ranhotra P. S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A rich and diversified palynofloral assemblage has been recovered from the Kopili Formation exposed at 136 km post on Jowai-Badarpur Road, Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India. Besides the gymnospermous and angiospermous pollen and pteridophytic spores, the palynofloral assemblage also contains dinoflagellate cysts, fungal remains, bryophytic spores and reworked Gondwana palynofossils in good amount. Based on the distribution and habitat of the extant counterparts of recovered palynofossils, eight plant complexes have been recognized. Most families represented in the assemblage are presently distributed in the tropical to sub-tropical regions indicating almost similar climatic conditions during the deposition of Kopili sediments. The palynofloral assemblage indicates coastal to marine depositional environment with minor oscillations of sea, having fresh water connections with swamps and ponding conditions nearby.
Mineral Chemistry and Alteration Characteristics of Spinel in Serpentinised Peridotites from the Northern Central Indian Ridge
Authors: Banerjee Ranadip , Ray Dwijesh , Ishii Teruaki 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Serpentinites (frequently cross cut by gabbroic dikelet), collected from Northern Central Indian Ridge (NCIR), Indian Ocean, contain both Cr-rich (Group I) and Cr-poor (Group II) variety of spinel. Based on mineralogy they can be classified as non-residual and residual spinel, respectively. While, non residual spinel (TiO2 up to 0.5 wt %; Group I) display the evidences of peridotite-gabbro interaction, residual spinel (TiO2&lt;0.1 wt%; Cr# ~24; Group II), suggests intermediate degree of partial melting (~10%) of mantle peridotite, which falls between most depleted mantle peridotite (~15%) and most fertile peridotite (~5%). Alteration of spinel porphyroclast is conceded by the presence of relict fresh interior, intermediate ferritchromit zone and secondary magnetite at the margins. Due to the effect of serpentinisation, marginal areas of spinel porphyroclasts display increasing Fe, but decreasing Al and Mg, while their Cr content remains unaffected throughout the spinel.
Performance Analysis of Different Threshold Determination Techniques for Change Vector Analysis
Authors: Singh Sartajvir , Talwar Rajneesh 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Change vector analysis as change detection technique is an effective tool for extracting and identifying land-cover change information from satellite imagery data. Threshold determination is one of most critical task in change vector analysis (CVA) which distinguishes “change” pixels and “no-change” pixels. Many threshold determination techniques for CVA such as empirical strategies, manual trial-and-error procedures or double-window flexible pace search (DFPS) semi-automatic, have been developed since last two decades. But the selection of appropriate threshold determination technique for specific study area is a very important and difficult process because overall accuracy of CVA depends upon threshold value. In this paper, different threshold determination techniques such as empirical strategies, manual trial-and-error procedures and DFPS, have been implemented to evaluate a method for CVA which could more effectively distinguishes the “change” pixels and “no-change” pixels on snow cover area. Experimental results confirm that a semiautomatic DFPS has greater potential than trail-and-error and empirical procedure to determine the specific threshold value for CVA technique that minimizes the overall change detection error probability and maximizes the overall accuracy.
Petrography, Geochemistry and Rb-Sr Geochronology of the Basement Granitoids from Umthongkut Area, West Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya, India: Implications on Petrogenesis and Uranium Mineralization
Authors: Srivastava S. K. , Hamilton Sandeep , Nayak S. , Pandey U. K. , Mohanty R. , Umamaheswar K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The basement granitoids from Umthongkut, West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya is exposed in a very small area (1.5 km x 0.5 km) and unconformably overlain by Mahadek sandstone of upper Cretaceous age and successively followed by rocks of Tertiary age. Megascopically, granitoids are leucocratic, mesocratic to mild melanocratic and differ in texture and mineral abundance without any definite contact relation in field. The leucocratic granitoid is medium-grained, designated as granite (syenogranite and monzogranite) with appreciable content of biotite and garnet and has peraluminous to mild metaluminous character (mol. Al2O3/mol. CaO+Na2O+K2O= 0.9-1.17). However, mesocratic granitoid is relatively fine-grained, identified as quartz monzonite with abundant biotite, minor hornblende and opaque like magnetite, ilmenite, anatase, pyrite and chalcopyrite and metaluminous to mild peraluminous (mol. A/CNK=0.76-1.02) in nature. The presence of characteristic minerals and textural replacement features point towards S-type signature for granite and I –type for quartz monzonite. On the other hand, mixed S and I-type characters are observed in geochemical plot of SiO2 vs. A/CNK. The coexistence of granite and quartz monzonite with former being more evolved, S-type signature and presence of garnet with biotite suggests that the granite appears to be generated from melting of lower crustal source of monzonitic composition. The Rb-Sr dating is also attempted and the errorchron age of 1130±53 with low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7063±0.0011Ma appears to be the emplacement age for these coexisting phases of granitoid. Considering the Meghalaya plateau being northeastern extension of Chhotanagpur granite-gneiss complex (CGGC), the calculated age for the studied samples corresponds to the 1200-1000 Ma. which is defined as fourth tectono-magmatic thermal event of CGGC. Interestingly, these granitoids are considered as the probable source for uranium in the sandstones of Mahadek Formation of Cretaceous age hosting ore grade uranium mineralization at Umthongkut,
The Pipe-15 Kimberlite: A New Addition to the Wajrakarur Cluster of the Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field, Eastern Dharwar Craton, Southern India
Authors: Dongre Ashish N. , Viljoen K.S. , Malandkar M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper serves to report, for the first time, on the chemical composition of primary groundmass minerals occurring in a newly discovered kimberlite located 150m NE of the well known Pipe 2 kimberlite in the Wajrakarur cluster of the Wajrakarur kimberlite field, Eastern Dharwar craton, Southern India. These mineral compositions are also compared with newly acquired analyses of groundmass minerals in the Pipe 2 kimberlite. The kimberlite in this newly discovered intrusion (here referred to as Pipe 15) is characterized by a magmatic, microcrystic rock texture, consisting of microcrysts of serpentinised olivine in a finer groundmass rich in phlogopite, clinopyroxene, spinel, perovskite and apatite (in a base of serpentine). The rock is intensely altered. Phlogopite in the Pipe 15 kimberlite has comparatively low Al and higher Fe than phlogopite in Pipe 2 and (on this basis) is markedly different to phlogopite from Pipe 2. Spinels in Pipe 15 are also compositionally markedly different to that in Pipe 2 in that lower Ti/(Ti+Cr+Al) and Fe/(Fe+Mg) are seen in spinels from Pipe 15, when compared to spinels from Pipe 2. Furthermore, Fe-poor, primary (groundmass) clinopyroxenes are abundant in Pipe 15, while it is almost totally absent in Pipe 2. In view of these compositional differences, it is here considered likely that Pipe 15 represents a new, separate intrusion and that it is not simply a satellite of Pipe 2, in the Wajrakarur kimberlite cluster.
The compositions of the phlogopites, spinels and clinopyroxenes from the Pipe 15 kimberlite, as analyzed in the present study, are strikingly similar to that of the groundmass phases (phlogopite, spinel and clinopyroxene) in Group 2 kimberlites (orangeites) from the Bastar craton in Central India, as well as for typical orangeites from the Kaapvaal craton in South Africa. A genetic relationship to Group 2 kimberlites (orangeites) can therefore be inferred in view of modern mineralogical genetic classification. The recent discovery of Late-Cretaceous orangeite in the nearby Timmasamudram kimberlite cluster is also indicative of Group 2 kimberlite (orangeite) magmatism in this region of kimberlite intrusions, and serves to support the classification proposed here for Pipe 15.
Raman-Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy Study of Natural Cordierites from Kalahandi, Odisha
Authors: Majumdar Alik Sundar , Mathew George 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A combined Raman and IR spectroscopic study has been carried out on natural cordierite samples from Kalahandi district, Odisha to understand the effect of Mg-Fe2+ exchange on Raman peak shift and to identify the volatile species within these cordierite crystals. In the field, the cordierites are hosted by silica-saturated quartz-feldspathic rocks, mafic granulites and also by the silica-undersaturated Mg-Al granulites. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and microprobe analyses were initially used to characterize the samples and to obtain chemical composition respectively. XRD of the gem quality cordierite reveals perfect orthorhombic symmetry, supported by Raman analyses that deduce the extent of Al-Si ordering in this mineral. Microprobe data indicate that most cordierites are Mg-rich (XMg = 0.93-0.94), however, a variation in Mg/Fe concentration of cordierite from different locations is observed. The samples also show high Na content that are associated with quartzo-feldspathic rocks intruded by pegmatites, than that of the Mg-Al granulites. This result suggests temperature variance in cordierite crystallization among different host rocks. Raman spectra of these cordierites define structurally resolved Raman vibrational modes where the magnitude of peak shift of most bands towards lower wavenumber than pure Mg-cordierite is proportional with Fe concentration, and are linked with the extent of Mg-Fe exchange within cordierite structure. FTIR study confirms the presence of both type-I and type-II waters along with significant amount CO2 as channel constituents, however, type-I H2O and CO2 concentrations vary within a single crystal. The FTIR spectroscopic evidence strongly supports a H2O and CO2 bearing fluid composition during crystallization of cordierite from these localities.
Remnants of Supracrustal Rocks around Mohar Brecciated Granite Complex, Shivpuri District, Madhya Pradesh: A Petrological and Geochemical Appraisal
Authors: Roy Madhuparna , Pandey Pradeep , Sarma G.V.G. , Bhairam C.L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Enclaves, pockets, slivers and lenses of dark colored rocks within the predominantly granite territory and commonly referred to as andesites, have been reported in the area around Mohar structure in the western parts of Bundelkhand craton. These rocks are characterised by diverse mineralogy, microfabric and geochemical signature, although apparently maintaining similarity in broad megascopic attributes. Compositionally, these rocks deviate markedly from average andesite. The concerted petrological and geochemical studies have revealed three major rock suites viz., (a) tonalite-trodjhemite-granodiorite (TTG) mylonite gneisses, (b) calc-silicate-aluminous tuffaceous sediment association and (c) meta-rhyodacite porphyry. All the rocks are characterized by an imprint of dynamothermal metamorphism leading to the invariable development of a discernible gneissose fabric. The study also implies that these rocks in all their diversity, represent part of the metamorphosed and deformed supracrustals, surviving as remnants within younger Bundelkhand granitoid pluton, thereby stratigraphically older.
Leaching of Trace Elements from Indian Coal
Authors: Equeenuddin SK. MD. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Metal contamination due to coal leaching has caused various detrimental health hazards in the vicinity of mining industries. To evaluate the release of metal upon weathering under natural condition, aqueous leaching experiments of three different coal samples, from three coalfields - Neyveli, West Bokaro and Makum, were carried out. These coalfields represent three contrasting geological settings. Concentration of Cu and Cr in West Bokaro, and Ni in Makum coal exceeds that of world range. Leachate from Makum coal is highly acidic and contains very high concentration of Fe, Ni, Pb, Mn and Cd. This is mainly caused due to the dominance of pyrite in coal. On the other hand, coals from other mines release near neutral to slightly alkaline leachate. Leachate quality is mainly controlled by the mineralogy, which is a manifestation of depositional environment. Therefore, proper care needs to be taken during storage and dumping of coal at Makum area in order to control the metal contamination.
Geochemical and Mineralogical Studies in Recent Clastic Sediments from Upper Godavari River in Peninsular India
Authors: Vuba Shilpa , Ahmad S. Masood , Anipindi Nageswara Rao 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Detailed geochemical and clay mineralogical investigations were carried out on bed sediments from upper Godavari river of peninsular India. The results suggest that these sediments are mainly derived from weathering of basaltic rocks of Deccan volcanic province. Strong relationship between Fe2O3 and TiO2 is attributed to their co-occurrence in weathering resistant minerals and/or scavenging of Ti by Fe oxy-hydroxides during weathering of basalts. The concentrations of Na2O, K2O and MgO in these upper Godavari river sediments are relatively less compared to parent basalt. The abundance of minor elements like V, Cr, Cu and Zn shows significant scatter within the range of Deccan basalts. Vanadium and nickel shows significant correlation with Fe2O3 due to their association with iron minerals or their sequestration with iron oxy-hydroxides. Higher Zn concentrations at some locations of Godavari river may have been due to anthropogenic contamination. The REE pattern is greatly influenced by the degree of source rock weathering. Light rare earth elements (LREE) show greater fractionation compared to the heavy rare earth elements (HREE) during weathering and transportation. Strong positive Ce-anomaly in some sediment samples suggests oxidizing conditions of deposition. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) varies significantly from 37.01 to 60.16, indicating large spatial variability in the intensity of chemical weathering of Deccan basalts. Low CIA values are observed in samples that are enriched in CaO probably due to semi-arid climate which facilitates CaCO3 precipitation and restricts chemical weathering.
Bicoid Signal Extraction with a Selection of Parametric and Nonparametric Signal Processing Techniques
Authors: Ghodsi Zara , Silva Emmanuel Sirimal , Hassani Hossein 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The maternal segmentation coordinate gene bicoid plays a significant role during Drosophila embryogenesis. The gradient of Bicoid, the protein encoded by this gene, determines most aspects of head and thorax development. This paper seeks to explore the applicability of a variety of signal processing techniques at extracting bicoid expression signal, and whether these methods can outperform the current model. We evaluate the use of six different powerful and widely-used models representing both parametric and nonparametric signal processing techniques to determine the most efficient method for signal extraction in bicoid. The results are evaluated using both real and simulated data. Our findings show that the Singular Spectrum Analysis technique proposed in this paper outperforms the synthesis diffusion degradation model for filtering the noisy protein profile of bicoid whilst the exponential smoothing technique was found to be the next best alternative followed by the autoregressive integrated moving average.
A fresh perspective from immunologists and vaccine researchers: Active vaccination strategies to prevent and reverse Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Agadjanyan Michael G. , Petrovsky Nikolai , Ghochikyan Anahit 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTraditional vaccination against infectious diseases relies on generation of cellular and humoral immune responses that act to protect the host from overt disease even though they do not induce sterilizing immunity. More recently, attempts have been made with mixed success to generate therapeutic vaccines against a wide range of noninfectious diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. After the exciting first report of successful vaccine prevention of progression of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal model in 1999, various epitope‐based vaccines targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) have proceeded to human clinical trials, with varied results. More recently, AD vaccines based on tau protein have advanced into clinical testing too. This review seeks to put perspective to the mixed results obtained so far in clinical trials of AD vaccines and discusses the many pitfalls and misconceptions encountered on the path to a successful AD vaccine, including better standardization of immunologic efficacy measures of antibodies, immunogenicity of platform/carrier and adjuvants.
Fickle men, faithful women: Effects of mating cues on men's and women's variety‐seeking behavior in consumption
Authors: Chen Rui , Zheng Yuhuang , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAttitudes about commitment can affect consumers' variety‐seeking behavior. In the mating domain, short‐term mating cues tend to activate an uncommitment mind‐set in men and lead them to seek greater variety in romantic relationships; whereas long‐term mating cues tend to activate a commitment mind‐set in women and lead them to seek less variety. In this research, we explore whether short‐term and long‐term mating cues can likewise affect variety‐seeking behavior in the product consumption domain through their influence on commitment attitude. In three experiments, we demonstrate that men's variety‐seeking behavior increases in the presence of short‐term but not long‐term mating cues; conversely, women's variety‐seeking behavior decreases in the presence of long‐term but not short‐term mating cues. These effects are caused by attitude toward commitment induced by mating cues. Past research concerning this topic has focused on one gender and on short‐term mating cues only, but in this paper we provide a more complete picture—and a more coherent theory—of how, via influencing commitment attitude, mating cues affect variety‐seeking behavior differently in men than in women.