bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urodynamic and morphometric characteristics of the lower urogenital tracts of female Beagle littermates during the sexually immature period and first and second estrous cycles
Authors: Noël Stéphanie M. , Farnir Frédéric , Hamaide Annick J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare values of lower urogenital tract urodynamic and morphometric variables determined during the prepubertal (sexually immature) period and first and second estrous cycles in healthy female Beagle littermates to determine functional and anatomic changes of the lower urogenital tract during those periods.
Animals—5 female Beagle littermates.
Procedures—Urethral pressure profilometry, diuresis cystometry, and vaginourethrography were performed when dogs were 3.5, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8.5, and 9 months old and during proestrus; estrus; early, middle, and late diestrus; and early and late anestrus of the first and second estrous cycles.
Results—At the end of the prepubertal period, values of urodynamic and morphometric variables increased significantly, compared with values at earlier times. Maximum bladder capacity developed when dogs were 9 months old. In all dogs, the bladder was intermittently located in an intrapelvic position during the prepubertal period; the bladder was intra-abdominal from the time dogs were 9 months old until the end of the study. Urethral pressure decreased significantly during estrus and early diestrus of the first and second estrous cycles. Bladder capacity increased significantly during diestrus of both estrous cycles. Urethral and vaginal lengths were significantly longer during proestrus and estrus than they were during anestrus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Values of lower urogenital tract urodynamic and morphometric variables were influenced by age and phases of the estrous cycle of immature and young adult Beagles in this study. Age of dog and phase of estrous cycle should be considered when interpreting urodynamic and vaginourethrography data.
Effects of sterilization with hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, ethylene oxide, and steam on bioadhesive properties of nylon and polyethylene lines used for stabilization of canine stifle joints
Authors: Gatineau Matthieu , El-Warrak Alexander O , Bolliger Christian , Mourez Michael , Berthiaume Frederic 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare effects of sterilization with hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP), ethylene oxide, and steam on bioadhesive properties of nylon and polyethylene lines used for stabilization of canine stifle joints.
Sample—Samples of a 36.3-kg test nylon leader line, 57.8-kg test nylon fishing line, and 2-mm ultrahigh–molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were used.
Procedures—In this in vitro study, samples of nylon leader line, fishing line, and UHMWPE sterilized by use of HPGP, ethylene oxide, and steam or unsterilized samples were used. Bacterial adherence on unsterilized and sterilized samples was tested with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Five samples were examined for each line type and sterilization condition, and final colony counts were obtained.
Results—Bacterial adherence was significantly affected by method of sterilization for all 3 line types. For most of the samples, bacterial adherence was similar or lower when HPGP sterilization was used, compared with results for sterilization via ethylene oxide and steam, respectively. Bacterial adherence was significantly higher for UHMWPE, compared with adherence for the nylon line, regardless of the sterilization method used. Bacterial adherence was higher for nylon fishing line than for nylon leader line for S epidermidis after ethylene oxide sterilization and for E coli after HPGP and ethylene oxide sterilization.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Effects of HPGP sterilization on bioadhesive properties of nylon and polyethylene lines compared favorably with those for ethylene oxide and steam sterilization. Also, nylon line may be a more suitable material than UHMWPE for suture prostheses on the basis of bacterial adherence properties.
La spiritualité au miroir de l’ultramodernité
Authors: Bisson David 
Published: September 2012

Cet article analyse les mutations contemporaines du religieux à partir de deux angles d’approches novateurs. D’abord, l’inscription dans le contexte de l’ultramodernité qui se caractérise par une accélération de la modernité et qui nécessite de repenser le concept de sécularisation. Ensuite, la reprise du terme « spiritualité » pour tenter de comprendre les nouvelles modalités d’accès à la transcendance. Sur ce dernier point, nous proposerons une définition précise de la spiritualité avant de la confronter à certaines réalités sociologiques : « voie spirituelle » et « spiritualité holiste ». Au terme de l’article, nous interrogerons la notion de « spiritualité » au regard de ce que Yves Lambert nommait un « tournant axial », soit une reconfiguration générale du symbolique et du religieux.
« You Can Be Good Without God »: Non-Believers in 21st Century American Society
Authors: Barb Amandine 
Published: September 2012

Cet article examine une fraction souvent ignorée, mais pourtant de plus en plus visible et vocale du paysage (ir)religieux américain : les non-croyants. Dans un contexte général de désaffiliation religieuse, cette minorité historiquement disparate et mal-aimée a réussi à affirmer sa présence aux Etats-Unis au cours de la dernière décennie. Cette contribution, qui prend pour objet d’étude les non-croyants militants et organisés, vise donc à comprendre les origines, les formes et les objectifs de leur récente mobilisation, mais aussi ce qu’elle révèle plus largement de la société américaine au début du XXIe siècle. Basé sur des entretiens avec des groupes sécularistes et s’inspirant en partie de la théorie des politiques identitaires, cet article interroge, au travers de l’analyse du militantisme des non-croyants aux Etats-Unis, le statut moral et social de la religion dans une société qui semble se détourner des religions organisées, mais où la croyance en Dieu demeure néanmoins toujours exceptionnellement forte.
Testing urine samples with rK39 strip as the simplest non-invasive field diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Goswami RP , Goswami RP , Das S , Ray Y , Rahman M 
Published: September 2012

Background:
Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major obstacle in the control of this disease. The rK39 strip-test using patient's blood is a breakthrough; however, it still requires a blood sample, which is a concern for safety in the field. We tried to simplify the test using the patient's urine instead of blood.

Aims:
To observe the sensitivity and specificity of the urine test in comparison with the blood test.

Materials and Methods:
We tested active and post-treatment VL patients, Post Kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), VL/HIV and control subjects (healthy, disease suspects and diseased other than VL) with the rK39 strip-test using blood and urine samples.

Statistical Analysis:
The level of agreement between the urine and blood testing was calculated by inter-rater agreement (kappa) statistics.

Results:
Forty-two active VL, 40 treated VL, six PKDL, three VL/HIV and 139 controls (54 healthy, 21 disease suspects and 64 diseased other than VL) were tested. All VL-related cases showed positive results with urine as well as blood samples (100%). The urine testing was found to have 100% sensitivity and 86.33% specificity for the diagnosis of VL. Kappa statistic between the two methods was 0.916 (P<0.001). Urine testing had more false-positive results in comparison with blood testing (13.67% vs. 9.45%), but the test subjects were from VL-endemic areas and they might be exposed to Leishmania donovani infection.

Conclusions:
The present study has the potentiality of providing a new, yet simplest non-invasive screening tool for VL in remote rural areas.
“Let’s Drink Together”: Early Ceremonial use of Maize in the Titicaca Basin
Authors: Logan Amanda L. , Hastorf Christine A. , Pearsall Deborah M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSince the Formative times, maize is and has been a highly valued social commodity in the Andes, particularly in the form of a traditional beer called chicha. While chicha production is well attested in the archaeology and ethnohistory of Andean states, the emergence of maize symbolism in earlier societies has not been systematically addressed. In this study phytolith and starch grain analyses are used to trace production, processing, and consumption of maize at sites on the Taraco Peninsula of Bolivia and thus the entrance of maize into the region. We systematically examine the role of maize by addressing its rarity, use contexts, and preparation. The pattern of plant part representation and use suggest that maize was being consumed in the form of chicha at its earliest introduction to the Titicaca Basin (800–250 B.C.). Drinking of alcohol in ceremonial spaces embodies the process of commensality of public ceremony and the establishment of reciprocal relationships during the Formative period. These results demonstrate that contextual analysis of microbotanical remains has great potential to answer anthropological questions surrounding food, ritual, and identity.
Le rôle des cadres intermédiaires dans le processus de changement des collectivités publiques : pour un modèle dynamique de la construction de rôle
Authors: Alis David , Fergelot Valérie 
Published: September 2012

Face aux mutations auxquels sont confrontés les services publics, les cadres sont à la fois acteurs et objets des transformations managériales. La recherche empirique et qualitative menée dans deux collectivités publiques françaises décrit et modélise le rôle des cadres consistant à fabriquer du sens (« sensemaking »), à faire partager ce sens (« sensegiving ») au service de la légitimation, la réalisation et l’appropriation du changement. Elle permet d’approfondir deux dimensions dans lesquelles la construction du rôle du cadre s’inscrit, le contexte et le processus. Elle ouvre la voie à des recherches ultérieures sur les spécificités du changement dans les collectivités publiques.
L’individualisation des modes de rémunérations dans le secteur public hospitalier français : portée et limites d’une pratique gestionnaire
Authors: Forest Virginie , Verchère Alban 
Published: September 2012

L’introduction d’une « rémunération à la performance » en direction des chirurgiens hospitaliers français, et son extension probable à l’ensemble des médecins du secteur public, représente une évolution majeure du système de soins français. Dans ce papier, nous revenons en premier lieu sur les fondements théoriques de ce mode de rémunération, qui se réfèrent à la Théorie de l'Agence, puis nous proposons un aperçu général des difficultés pratiques de mise en oeuvre d’un tel système, ainsi qu'une analyse détaillée des limites inhérentes à cette gestion individualisée des rémunérations.
La rémunération au mérite dans le secteur public : bilan des connaissances et avenues de recherche
Authors: St-Onge Sylvie , Buisson Marie-Laure 
Published: September 2012

Après avoir décrit ce que le secteur public des États-Unis, de l’Angleterre et de la France font en matière de rémunération basée sur la performance individuelle, nous présentons une synthèse des études sur ses incidences Se pose alors la question : pourquoi de nombreux États persistent à adopter et à maintenir la rémunération au mérite alors qu’elle comporte des limites semblables à celles qui ont été identifiées dans le secteur privé mais qu’en sus, le secteur public présente des contraintes particulières additionnelles ? Pour expliquer ce paradoxe, nous recourons aux perspectives des théories institutionnelle et conventionnaliste.
Larynx
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Extrahepatic Bile Ducts ‐ Distal
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Diastolic Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Aslam Fawad , Bandeali Salman J. , Khan Nasim A. , Alam Mahboob 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction is increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsWe conducted a time‐ and language‐restricted literature search to identify studies conducted to compare echocardiographic parameters in patients with RA and controls. The mean difference for echocardiographic variables of interest was calculated using a random‐effects model. A systematic review of the literature was performed.ResultsA total of 25 studies reporting on 5,836 subjects (1,614 with RA) were included. Results reflect mean differences, with positive values denoting higher values in RA patients. Patients with RA had larger mean left atrial dimension (mean difference 0.09 cm [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.01, 0.17]; P = 0.02), higher left ventricular mass index (mean difference 6.2 gm/m2 [95% CI 1.08, 11.33]; P = 0.02), higher mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure (mean difference 5.87 mm Hg [95% CI 4.36, 7.38]; P < 0.00001), prolonged isovolumetric relaxation time (mean difference 9.67 msec [95% CI 5.78, 13.56]; P < 0.00001), and higher transmitral A wave velocity (mean difference 0.13 meters/second [95% CI 0.07, 0.18]; P < 0.00001) compared to controls. A subanalysis of 2,183 subjects excluding 2 large unmatched studies showed the same results, with the exception that patients with RA had a lower mitral E/A ratio (mean difference −0.17 [95% CI −0.25, −0.09]; P < 0.00001), suggestive of diastolic dysfunction. There were no differences in left ventricular ejection fraction (%), transmitral E wave velocity (meters/second), and mitral deceleration time (msec).ConclusionPatients with RA were more likely to have echocardiographic parameters of diastolic dysfunction, and have higher systolic pulmonary artery pressures and larger left atrial sizes.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of PMMA‐g‐PVA/Ag Vapor‐Induced Responsive Nanocomposite
Authors: Wei Qing‐Bo , Fu Feng , Zhang Yu Qi , Tang Long , Wang Bo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA grafting copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) (PMMA‐g‐PVA), was prepared via a simple free radical polymerization reaction initiated by a PVA‐(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 redox system. This copolymer was then employed as a reactor template to design and fabricate a sensitive electrically conducting film by a reduction reaction of Ag+ with sodium hypophosphite as a reducer. The structure and morphologies of the PMMA‐g‐PVA/Ag nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The complexation between Ag+ and PVA and even PMMA, as well as the establishment of inter‐ and intramolecular attractions between polymer matrices, played an important role in the insertion and reduction of Ag+ particles. XRD results showed all relevant Bragg's diffractions for the crystal structure of Ag+ nanoparticles, and transmission electron microscopy findings showed well‐defined spherical morphologies. UV–vis studies apparently showed the characteristic surface plasmon band of Ag nanoparticles within the polymer matrices at 390–400 nm. The resistance responsiveness of the film samples to various organic vapors was investigated, and the responsive magnitude depends on the type and strength of an interaction produced by each solvent vapor on the material. The response dependence on initial resistances of the film samples was explored in the case of ether vapor. The response mechanism of the PMMA‐g‐PVA/Ag films to solvent vapors was explained on the basis of a swelling theory and an interaction between solvent vapor molecules and nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E624–E632, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21306
Populäre Naturwissenschaft in Nürnberg am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts: Reisende Experimentatoren, öffentliche Vorlesungen und physikalisches Spielzeug
Authors: Rüger Alexander 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPopular science in Nuremberg at the end of the 18th century exemplifies a little known German scientific culture: as in English und French towns, public lectures in natural philosophy and experimental demonstrations were offered to an interested bourgeois audience; the production of scientific toys flourished. The career of Johann Konrad Gütle, private teacher, itinerant lecturer and instrument maker, illustrates the popular scientific scene in Enlightenment Nuremberg.
Development of Benzophenone‐Alkyne Bifunctional Sigma Receptor Ligands
Authors: Guo Lian‐Wang , Hajipour Abdol R. , Karaoglu Kerim , Mavlyutov Timur A. , Ruoho Arnold E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSigma (σ) receptors are unique non‐opioid binding sites that are associated with a broad range of disease states. Sigma‐2 receptors provide a promising target for diagnostic imaging and pharmacological interventions to curb tumor progression. Most recently, the progesterone receptor (PGRMC1, 25 kDa) has been shown to have σ2 receptor‐like binding properties, thus highlighting the need to understand the biological function of an 18 kDa protein that exhibits σ2‐like photoaffinity labeling (denoted here as σ2‐18k) but the amino acid sequence of which is not known. In order to provide new tools for the study of the σ2‐18k protein, we have developed bifunctional σ receptor ligands each bearing a benzophenone photo‐crosslinking moiety and an alkyne group to which an azide‐containing biotin affinity tag can be covalently attached through click chemistry after photo‐crosslinking. Although several compounds showed favorable σ2 binding properties, the highest affinity (2 nM) and the greatest potency in blocking photolabeling of σ2‐18k by a radioactive photoaffinity ligand was shown by compound 22. These benzophenone‐alkyne σ receptor ligands might therefore be amenable for studying the σ2‐18k protein through chemical biology approaches. To the best of our knowledge, these compounds represent the first reported benzophenone‐containing clickable σ receptor ligands, which might potentially have broad applications based on the “plugging in” of various tags.
An Integrated NMR and DFT Study on the Single Insertion of α‐Olefins into the MC Bond of Group 4 Metallaaziridinium Ion Pairs
Authors: Rocchigiani Luca , Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Macchioni Alceo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reactions of metallaaziridinium ion pairs [Cp2M(η2‐CH2NMePh)][B(C6F5)4] [M=Zr (1), Hf (2)] with 1‐hexene and 2‐methyl‐1‐heptene were investigated by means of NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. We found that a single insertion of the olefin into the MC bond led to the formation of stable five‐membered heterocycles (3–6). The reactions were 1,2‐regioselective and afforded two diastereoisomers whose ratio was mainly controlled by the nature of the olefin, whilst the nature of the metal only played a marginal role. In particular, the reaction with 1‐hexene was found to be not only more favored than that with 2‐methyl‐1‐heptene from a thermodynamic point of view but it was also more diastereoselective. In all cases, the observed diastereoisomeric ratio was dictated by thermodynamics because the products interconverted into each other, as indicated by EXSY NMR spectroscopy and by DFT calculations.
Oxidation Ability of CO2 for the Transformation of Cinnamic Aldehydes to Acids Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: Combining Computational and Experimental Studies
Authors: Ren Xingye , Yuan Yanli , Ju Yan , Wang Hongming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of the CO2 splitting reaction with N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as a catalyst and cinnamic aldehydes as the oxygen acceptor was thoroughly investigated at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level. Owing to its nucleophilicity, NHC can initiate the reaction through two distinct channels (I and II) by nucleophilic attack. The results reveal that without the assistance by H2O, channel II is slightly more favorable than channel I, and the reaction path II‐D is the optimum reaction path. However, the reaction is difficult to conduct at room temperature because of its high activation energy barrier. Although the results suggest that most of the high activation energy barriers involved in proton transfer decrease if the reaction is assisted by H2O, all highest energy barriers for all reaction channels are still above 40 kcal mol−1. This indicates that this reaction cannot be performed at room temperature, which is also proven by experiments.
3,4,9,10‐Perylenetetracarboxylic Acid/Hemin Nanocomposites Act as Redox Probes and Electrocatalysts for Constructing a Pseudobienzyme‐Channeling Amplified Electrochemical Aptasensor
Authors: Yuan Yali , Yuan Ruo , Chai Yaqin , Zhuo Ying , Gan Xianxue , Bai Lijuan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple wet‐chemical strategy for the synthesis of 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTCA)/hemin nanocomposites through π–π interactions is demonstrated. Significantly, the hemin successfully conciliates PTCA redox activity with a pair of well‐defined redox peaks and intrinsic peroxidase‐like activity, which provides potential application of the PTCA self‐derived redox activity as redox probes. Additionally, PTCA/hemin nanocomposites exhibit a good membrane‐forming property, which not only avoids the conventional fussy process for redox probe immobilization, but also reduces the participation of the membrane materials that act as a barrier of electron transfer. On the basis of these unique properties, a pseudobienzyme‐channeling amplified electrochemical aptasensor is developed that is coupled with glucose oxidase (GOx) for thrombin detection by using PTCA/hemin nanocomposites as redox probes and electrocatalysts. With the addition of glucose to the electrolytic cell, the GOx on the aptasensor surface bioelectrocatalyzed the reduction of glucose to produce H2O2, which in turn was electrocatalyzed by the PTCA/hemin nanocomposites. Cascade schemes, in which an enzyme is catalytically linked to another enzyme, can produce signal amplification and therefore increase the biosensor sensitivity. As a result, a linear relationship for thrombin from 0.005 to 20 nM and a detection limit of 0.001 nM were obtained.