bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐square‐ring‐shaped slot antenna for wideband circularly polarized radiation
Authors: Nasimuddin  , Qing Xianming , Chen Zhi Ning 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA compact dual‐square‐ring‐shaped slot antenna using a microstrip feed line is proposed for wideband circularly polarized (CP) radiation. The antenna consists of a combined dual‐square‐ring‐shaped slot along the diagonal direction and a microstrip feed‐line along with stub in the orthogonal direction. The slot and feeding structures are fabricated on the opposite planes of a low cost FR4 substrate. The stub width and a dual‐square‐ring‐shaped slot are optimized for wideband CP radiation with good impedance matching. The measured 3‐dB axial ratio and 10‐dB return loss bandwidths of the proposed antenna are 47% (2.1–3.4 GHz) and 75% (1.92–4.25 GHz), respectively. The measured gain is more than 2.0 dBic over the 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2645–2649, 2014
Pin diodes and their impact on reconfigurable compact microstrip antennas with high frequency‐ratio
Authors: Casado Félix , Arriola Aitor , Arruti Egoitz , Ortego Iñaki , Sancho Juan I. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis work presents a study of the impact of PIN diodes on the performance of reconfigurable compact microstrip antennas with high frequency‐ratio. To this purpose, two frequency reconfigurable microstrip antennas with a frequency‐ratio of 3 (868 MHz and 2.45 GHz ISM bands) and a different degree of compactness have been designed and measured for various PIN‐diode configurations. The results show the derivative effects of using PIN diodes in the conditions mentioned, namely current cancelation, power dissipation, and frequency shift, and how to reduce their impact. The most significant repercussion is in the radiation efficiency, which can be enhanced from 46 to 74% using a less compact design, and by reducing the forward resistance of the PIN diode, what increases the radiation efficiency by a factor of 4. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2676–2681, 2014
Low‐cost Ku‐band dual‐polarized and beam switchable cross‐type antenna array for satellite communications
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Mahe Yann , Razban Tchanguiz 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA dual‐polarized and beam switchable patch antenna array, which works well along the entire Ku‐band (10.6–12.7 GHz) is introduced in this article. The proposed array is formed with cross‐type antenna unit cell and fed by a balanced power division network with microstrip lines. By tuning the length of paths in the feeding network, phase differences taking place among units, therefore, beam‐shifting could be obviously observed on the measured radiation patterns. It is worth while noting that, as patch sharing technique is used in the array arrangement, not only the interelement distance is significantly decreased but also the beam‐shifting angle is distinctly enlarged in the case of same phase‐shifting. The proposed antenna can be easily fabricated on very low‐cost Teflon substrate with printing circuit technology, which might be a good candidate for direct broadcast from satellite reception antenna. In this article, the configuration of an experimental 1 × 4 array and its measured S‐parameters and radiation characteristics will be given. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2656–2659, 2014
An omnidirectional PIFA for downlink and uplink satellite applications in C‐band
Authors: Ojaroudi N. , Ghadimi N. , Ojaroudi Y. , Ojaroudi S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present a dual band planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) for downlink and uplink satellite systems in C‐band frequency range. The proposed antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. By cutting a pair of T‐shaped slits in the ground plane, and also by embedding a meander‐line slit in the ground plane a good dual‐band operation antenna can be achieved. The measured impedance bandwidth for 10 dB return loss is from 3.625–4.200 GHz (14%) and 5.850–6.425 GHz (9%), covering the down/up links of satellite communications. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that the proposed PIFA has good antenna gain and radiation behavior in the operation bands. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2684–2686, 2014
Analysis of optical beat interference noise suppression using RF‐clipping tone in OFDMA‐PON uplink transmission
Authors: Yang Seung‐Min , Mun Kyoung‐Hak , Kim Chang‐hun , Jung Sun‐Young , Jung Sang‐Min , Cho Seung‐Hyun , Han Sang‐Kook 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn orthogonal frequency division multiple access‐passive optical network (OFDMA‐PON) uplink transmission with a direct detection system, the optical beat interference (OBI) noise is a very critical issue in regard to channel performance degradation. We have proposed a novel technique to suppress the OBI noise in intensity modulation and direct detection OFDMA‐PON links by using an optical spectrum broadening method using the RF‐clipping tone to improve the SNR of the discrete multitone modulation (DMT) signal with OBI noise suppression. We also experimentally analyzed the dependency of the RF clipping tone on the OBI noise suppression and dither effect. The results show that the received DMT signal in the optical line terminal can achieve 3 Gb/s over a 23 km SSMF with a BER of 2.3×10−4. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2706–2711, 2014
On wafer thermal characterization of miniature gallium arsenide microcoolers with thermal loading from DC probes
Authors: Glover J. , Khalid A. , Cumming D. R. S. , Bajo M. Montes , Kuball M. , Stephen A. , Dunn G. M. , Oxley C. H. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTMiniature aluminium gallium arsenide/gallium arsenide (AlGaAs/GaAs) coolers were fabricated on wafer, enabling different contact geometries to be realized in the same process run. To individually DC bias the microcooler, microprobes were used leading to thermal loading of the cooler. A simple experimental technique was developed to verify the temperature difference (ΔT) between the cold cathode and hot anode contacts is due to cooling rather than heating of the cooler. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2699–2700, 2014
Q‐switched erbium doped fiber laser using single‐walled carbon nanotubes embedded in polyethylene oxide film saturable absorber
Authors: Ahmed M. H. M. , Salleh Z. S. , Ali N. M. , Harun S. W. , Arof H. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate simple, compact, and low cost passively Q‐switched erbium doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) using a single‐walled carbon nanotubes based saturable absorber (SA), which is prepared using polyethylene oxide as host polymer. The EDFL starts to generate a stable Q‐switching pulse at pump power of 30.8 mW operating at wavelength of 1533.7 nm. The repetition rate of the Q‐switching pulse can be tuned from 8.0 to 29.4 kHz by increasing the pump power from 30.8 to 69.5 mW while the pulse width drops from 24.2 to 11.2 µs. At the maximum pump power of 69.5 mW, the EDFL produces the maximum pulse energy of 93.9 nJ. Besides showing good Q‐switching performance, the SA is easy to fabricate and cheap. This makes the proposed EDFL suitable for applications in metrology, environmental sensing, and biomedical diagnostics. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2734–2737, 2014
New CBCPW‐to‐SIW transition with improved bandwidth
Authors: Liu Zheng , Xiao Gaobiao , Xiang Shang 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel Ka band conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide transition is presented. The new structure integrates the classical current probe transition with asymmetrical stepped impedance transformer to improve the operating bandwidth. An equivalent circuit model is also given, which clearly illustrates the operational principle of this new transition. Finally, a back‐to‐back transition has been simulated and fabricated. The experimental results show that the transition has a satisfactory performance in the whole Ka band. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2731–2734, 2014
Erratum for: A transistor array bank (TR bank) for a digitally controlled spin torque oscillator
Authors: Oh Inn‐Yeal , Park Seung‐Young , Park Chul‐Soon 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA transistor array (TR) bank devised for operating a spin torque oscillator as the DCSO is first proposed. The TR bank supplies a minimum of 86% current per step of the targeted value at any condition and covers the 2.85‐GHz band fully with a 1 nA at the minimum code word step. Having driving capability up to 2.5 mA, the TR bank is operated from 0.6 to 1.4 mA at 1.7VDD. The spintronics oscillator size is as small as 0.014 mm2, excluding the TR bank of 0.23 mm2. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1991–1994, 2014
Uncertainty and Control in the Context of a Category‐Five Tornado
Authors: Afifi Walid A. , Afifi Tamara D. , Merrill Annie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to illuminate the experience and management of uncertainty during a natural disaster. Interviews were conducted with 26 survivors of a category‐five tornado that entirely demolished the small, rural town of Greensburg, Kansas. Three primary themes were found in the survivors' accounts. First, the survivors experienced rapidly shifting levels and kinds of uncertainty as they proceeded through the stages of the disaster. Second, the fluidity of much‐needed information added to uncertainty. Third, the feeling of lack of control over outcomes of the disaster and its aftermath was pervasive and was often managed through reliance on communal coping. Recommendations for disaster‐related intervention programs are suggested. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of a multi‐modal treatment protocol for Ewing sarcoma—A report from the polish pediatric oncology group
Authors: Raciborska Anna , Bilska Katarzyna , Drabko Katarzyna , Chaber Radosław , Sobol Grażyna , Pogorzała Monika , Wyrobek Elżbieta , Połczyńska Katarzyna , Rogowska Elżbieta , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Wożniak Wojciech 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundEwing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common paediatric malignant bone tumor. Advances in multi‐disciplinary care have resulted in significant improvement in cure rates over the last decades. However, the generalization of those results in countries traditionally excluded from large cooperative trials has yet to be demonstrated. We report the results of modern multi‐disciplinary care for patients with ES in Poland.ProceduresOne hundred and thirty‐two patients with ES were treated using modern multi‐modal therapy during the period 2000–2009. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods and compared using long‐rank test and Cox models. Factors predictive of outcome in our setting were analyzed to identify distinct risk groups that could help identify areas for improvement.ResultsThe median age at the time of diagnosis was 12.3 years. With a median follow‐up of 5.0 years, the 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and OS estimates for localized disease were 54.88% and 68.29%, respectively. For patients with metastatic disease, 5‐year EFS and OS estimates were 36% and 42%, respectively. There was no correlation between age and stage or site. Patients with localized, non‐pelvic disease had better outcome than patients with axial tumors (71% vs. 44%, respectively, P = 0.00073). Treatment failure was associated with stage, pelvic primary, poor histological response, and type of local control.ConclusionsSuccessful treatment of ES requires optimal systemic and local therapy. We were able to replicate the results of modern multi‐modal protocols. Validation of current treatment protocols in countries with more limited cancer treatment resources is required. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2170–2174. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An evaluation framework for cross‐platform mobile application development tools
Authors: Dhillon Sunny , Mahmoud Qusay H. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe mobile application market is becoming increasingly fragmented with the availability of multiple mobile platforms that differ in development procedures. Developers are forced to choose to support only some platforms and specific devices because of limited development resources. To address these challenges, numerous tools have been created to aid developers in building cross‐platform applications; however, there is no metric to evaluate the quality of these tools or the applications produced by them. This paper introduces a framework for evaluating the features, performance, and development experience of existing and future cross‐platform development tools. The framework is implemented by benchmarking several tools, and the results identify a disparity in the features and performance of applications built using different development tools. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2,4‐dichlorophenol induces ER stress‐mediated apoptosis via eIF2α dephosphorylation in vitro
Authors: Zhang Xiaoning , Zhang Xiaona , Qi Yongmei , Huang Dejun , Zhang Yingmei 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT2,4‐Dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP) has been widely used to produce herbicides and pharmaceutical intermediates, which exhibits various toxic effects including apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying 2,4‐DCP‐induced apoptosis, especially mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are still unknown. In the present study, the mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used as an in vitro model system to figure out whether 2,4‐DCP could induce ER stress, and further to elucidate the role of ER stress in 2,4‐DCP‐induced apoptosis. The results showed that 2,4‐DCP dramatically caused the decrease of cell viability, the increase of apoptotic cells, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the activation of caspase‐3, suggesting that 2,4‐DCP did induce apoptosis. Meanwhile, 2,4‐DCP acted similarly as ER stress agonist tunicamycin (Tu) to activate all three branches (IRE1α, ATF6 and eIF2α) of ER stress. Furthermore, repression of ER stress or inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation significantly alleviated 2,4‐DCP‐induced apoptosis. Taking these results together, the present study firstly showed that 2,4‐DCP induced ER stress‐mediated apoptosis via eIF2α dephosphorylation in mammalian cells. These findings will provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying apoptosis after chlorophenols exposure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 245–255, 2016.
Calibration of a spinner anemometer for yaw misalignment measurements
Authors: Pedersen T. F. , Demurtas G. , Zahle F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe spinner anemometer is an instrument for yaw misalignment measurements without the drawbacks of instruments mounted on the nacelle top. The spinner anemometer uses a non‐linear conversion algorithm that converts the measured wind speeds by three sonic sensors on the spinner to horizontal wind speed, yaw misalignment and flow inclination angle. The conversion algorithm utilizes two constants that are specific to the spinner and blade root design and to the mounting positions of the sonic sensors on the spinner. One constant, k2, mainly affects the measurement of flow angles, while the other constant, k1, mainly affects the measurement of wind speed. The ratio between the two constants, kα=k2/k1, however, only affects the measurement of flow angles. The calibration of kα is thus a basic calibration of the spinner anemometer.Theoretical background for the non‐linear calibration is derived from the generic spinner anemometer conversion algorithm. Five different methods were evaluated for calibration of a spinner anemometer on a 500 kW wind turbine. The first three methods used rotor yaw direction as reference angular, while the wind turbine, was yawed in and out of the wind. The fourth method used a hub height met‐mast wind vane as reference. The fifth method used computational fluid dynamics simulations. Method 1 utilizing yawing of the wind turbine in and out of the wind in stopped condition was the preferred method for calibration of kα. The uncertainty of the yaw misalignment calibration was found to be 10%, giving an uncertainty of 1° at a yaw misalignment of 10°. © 2014 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing climate change in conservation practice: an exploration of the science–management interface in beech forest management
Authors: de Koning Jessica , Turnhout Esther , Winkel Georg , Blondet Marieke , Borras Lars , Ferranti Francesca , Geitzenauer Maria , Sotirov Metodi , Jump Alistair 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Scientific studies reveal significant consequences of climate change for nature, from ecosystems to individual species. Such studies are important factors in policy decisions on forest conservation and management in Europe. However, while research has shown that climate change research start to impact on European conservation policies like Natura 2000, climate change information has yet to translate into management practices. This article contributes to the on-going debates about science–society relations and knowledge utilization by exploring and analysing the interface between scientific knowledge and forest management practice. We focus specifically on climate change debates in conservation policy and on how managers of forest areas in Europe perceive and use climate change ecology. Our findings show that forest managers do not necessarily deny the potential importance of climate change for their management practices, at least in the future, but have reservations about the current usefulness of available knowledge for their own areas and circumstances. This suggests that the science–management interface is not as politicized as current policy debates about climate change and that the use of climate change ecology is situated in practice. We conclude the article by discussing what forms of knowledge may enable responsible and future oriented management in practice focusing specifically on the role of reflexive experimentation and monitoring.
Lessons from new mouse models of glycogen storage disease type 1a in relation to the time course and organ specificity of the disease
Authors: Rajas Fabienne , Clar Julie , Gautier‐Stein Amandine , Mithieux Gilles 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPatients with glycogen storage diseases type 1 (GSD1) suffer from life‐threatening hypoglycaemia, when left untreated. Despite an intensive dietary treatment, patients develop severe complications, such as liver tumors and renal failure, with aging. Until now, the animal models available for studying the GSD1 did not survive after weaning. To gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms of the disease and to evaluate potential treatment strategies, we have recently developed novel mouse models in which the catalytic subunit of glucose‐6 phosphatase (G6pc) is deleted in each glucose‐producing organ specifically. For that, B6.G6pcex3lox/ex3lox mice were crossed with transgenic mice expressing a recombinase under the control of the serum albumin, the kidney androgen protein or the villin promoter, in order to obtain liver, kidney or intestine G6pc−/− mice, respectively. As opposed to total G6pc knockout mice, tissue‐specific G6pc deficiency allows mice to maintain their blood glucose by inducing glucose production in the other gluconeogenic organs. Even though it is considered that glucose is produced mainly by the liver, liver G6pc−/− mice are perfectly viable and exhibit the same hepatic pathological features as GSD1 patients, including the late development of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. Interestingly, renal G6pc−/− mice developed renal symptoms similar to the early human GSD1 nephropathy. This includes glycogen overload that leads to nephromegaly and morphological and functional alterations in the kidneys. Thus, our data suggest that renal G6Pase deficiency per se is sufficient to induce the renal pathology of GSD1. Therefore, these new mouse models should allow us to improve the strategies of treatment on both nutritional and pharmacological points of view.
Constructing Gemini‐Like Surfactants with Single‐Chain Surfactant and Dicarboxylic Acid Sodium Salts
Authors: Tang Yongqiang , Wang Ruijuan , Wang Yilin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractConstruction of gemini‐like surfactants using the cationic single‐chain surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide C16H33N(CH3)3Br2 (CTAB) and the anionic dicarboxylic acid sodium salt NaOOC(CH2)n‐2COONa (CnNa2, n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) by way of non‐covalent interactions has been investigated by surface tension measurements, hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC). The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of the CTAB/CnNa2 mixtures are obviously lower than that of CTAB and strongly depend on the mixing ratio. Moreover, the cmc values of the CTAB/CnNa2 mixtures decrease gradually with an increasing methylene chain length of CnNa2, indicating hydrophobic interaction between the hydrocarbon chains of CTAB and CnNa2 facilitates micellization of the mixtures. In particular, the ITC curves and 1H NMR spectra indicate that the binding ratio of CTAB to CnNa2, except C4Na2, is around 2:1, i.e., (CTAB)2CnNa2. Additionally, CTAB/CnNa2 mixtures are soluble in a whole molar ratio and concentration ranges have been studied, even at the electrical neutralization point. Therefore, these results reveal that highly soluble gemini‐like surfactants are conveniently constructed with oppositely‐charged cationic single‐chain surfactants and dicarboxylic acid sodiums. In an attempt at improving the performance of surfactants this work provides guidance for choosing additives that form gemini‐like surfactants via an uncomplicated synthesis.
An fMRI study of emotional face encoding in youth at risk for bipolar disorder
Authors: Tseng W.-L. , Bones B.L. , Kayser R.R. , Olsavsky A.K. , Fromm S.J. , Pine D.S. , Leibenluft E. , Brotman M.A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFace memory deficits may be a bipolar disorder (BD) endophenotype. BD (n = 27) and unaffected youth at risk (n = 13) exhibited middle frontal gyrus hypoactivation during successful vs. unsuccessful encoding. Parahippocampal gyrus dysfunction was found in BD and at-risk youth (vs. low-risk, n = 37). Middle occipital gyrus hypoactivation was only present in BD.