bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grouping of Adenoviruses and Identification of Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage Patterns of Adenovirus DNAs Using Infected Cell DNA: Simple and Practical Methods
Authors: Suzuki Nobutaka , Ueno Tetsuji , Yamashita Toshiharu , Fujinaga Kei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSimple and practical methods for grouping of adenoviruses and for identification of restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of viral DNA were established by using infected cell DNA. DNA homology groupings of adenoviruses could be examined by spot hybridization, and restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of viral DNAs could be obtained by Southern blot hybridization, by using infected cell DNA. The method was very sensitive and allowed the identification of the cleavage pattern of viral DNA of the inoculum by means of cell DNA extracted from infected cells with undetectable cytopathic effect (CPE). In ethidium bromide‐stained gels without Southern blot hybridization, the restriction endonuclease cleavage pattern of viral DNA could be detected precisely in spite of background staining due to cellular DNA. The preparation of infected cell DNA used in these procedures was technically much easier than that of viral DNA. These methods require only a small number of infected cells and allow many isolates to be investigated with ease.
Stimulation of Immunoglobulin Production from Human B Lymphocytes by Staphylococcus aureus: Effects of Monocytes and Con A‐Induced Suppressor Cells
Authors: Kasahara Tadashi , Harada Hirotomo , Ogata Kenji , Kawai Tadashi , Shioiri‐Nakano Kohei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSignificant immunoglobulin (Ig) production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes was induced in vitro by stimulating the cells with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SpA CoI). IgG, IgM, and IgA were determined by a combination of the latex fixation test and radioimmunoassay. High levels (1,000 to 5,000 μg/ml) of IgG and IgM and a lesser amount of IgA were constantly produced during 7 to 8 days of incubation with both stimulants. Ig production induced by SpA Col stimulation was independent of the presence of T cells, while Ig production induced by PWM required T cells exclusively. Depletion of monocytes in the culture caused but a slight decrease in Ig production (particularly in the case of IgG). While the addition of a small number of monocytes enhanced IgG induction by both stimulants, coculture with an excess number of monocytes inhibited Ig induction (particularly IgG) by PWM stimulation but not by SpA CoI stimulation. Marked suppression of Ig production (IgG, IgM, and IgA) was observed in cocultures with Con A‐activated T cells. The phenomena of suppression were observed in both the SpA Col‐stimulated and PWM‐stimulated lymphocytes. These data indicate that Ig production from B cells stimulated with a polyclonal B cell activator, SpA CoI, was independent of T cells and relatively of independent of monocytes, but could be subjected to the regulation of the Con A‐induced suppressor T cells.
Comparison of Ciliostasis by Mycoplasmas in Mouse and Chicken Tracheal Organ Cultures
Authors: Araake Minako 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe cilia‐stopping effect of mycoplasmas of human and various animal origin in mouse and chicken tracheal organ cultures was studied. From the results in mouse tracheal organ cultures, the mycoplasma strains tested were divided into three groups: Mycoplasma pulmonis m53, M. pulmonis JB, M. pulmonis OK, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides PG1 and M. gallisepticum S6 showed a strong cilia‐stopping effect; M. pulmonis PG22, M. mycoides subsp. capri PG3, M. meleagridis 19729, M. neurolyticum Type A and M. arthritidis PG6 showed a mild effect; and M. pneumoniae FH, M. salivarium Hup, M. hominis type 1‐C and M. orale N‐C of human origin and Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 showed a weak effect. On the other hand, in chicken tracheal organ cultures, only M. gallisepticum S6 showed a strong effect, M. meleagridis 19729 was affected to a lesser degree, and other mycoplasma strains showed a weak or no effect. The results indicate that some murine and poultry mycoplasmas showed a cilia‐stopping tendency in mouse and chicken tracheal organ cultures, respectively, while human mycoplasmas showed weak or little effect in both organ cultures. In mouse tracheal organ cultures, M. pulmonis m53 treated with heat, trypsin or formaldehyde, and the sterile filtrate of an m53 broth culture showed no cilia‐stopping effect. The relationship of the pathogenicity of mycoplasmas for their natural hosts to that for cultured respiratory cells is discussed.
Properties of T Antigen‐Positive Phenotypic Revertants Isolated from SV40‐Transformed Rat and Mouse Cells
Authors: Maruyama Kazuo , Furuta Takahisa , Ueda Katsumoto , Oda Kinichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour T antigen‐positive phenotypic revertants were isolated by negative selection with BUdR from SV40‐transformed rat and mouse cells which contain six and two viral genome equivalents per cell, respectively. Karyological analysis indicated that one rat and one mouse revertant had a hyperploid number of chromosomes, while the remaining two rat revertants had a subtetraploid number similar to those of the transformed parent cells. The hyperploid revertants were unable to grow in soft agar medium and were nontumorigenic in nude mice. One of the subtetraploid revertants formed large colonies at a very low frequency and induced tumors after a prolonged incubation period. These results indicate that there is a good correlation between the capacity of cells to grow without anchorage and the capacity to form tumors in nude mice and suggest that the revertant phenotype is stable in the presence of T antigen when the number of chromosomes is greatly increased as compared with that of the transformed parent cells.
Nonbacteremic Pseudomonas Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Guinea Pigs
Authors: Otani Tsuyoshi , Katami Kazuei , Une Tsutomu , Osada Yasuaki , Ogawa Hidemasa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn experimental model of nonbacteremic pneumonia with a virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was successfully established in guinea pigs immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate although the organisms were eliminated rapidly from the lungs without cortisone treatment. Using a pocket nebulizer, almost all the animals which received 106 organisms/g‐lung developed bronchopneumonia without any septic findings as long as 10 days after challenge. The lesions produced in such animals were characterized by dissemination of multiple purulogranulomatous changes. In the early stage of infection, infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the bronchiolar and alveolar spaces was diffuse, later showing multifocal accumulation with the formation of central spherical grains enclosing bacterial colonies. In the later stage, granulation tissue consisting of large mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and collagen fibers developed around the PMN accumulation. The animals which received 107 organisms/g‐lung, on the other hand, developed severe pulmonary hemorrhages and necrosis followed by septic death.
Flagellation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the Cell Division Cycle
Authors: Amako Kazunobu , Umeda Akiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFlagellation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the cell division cycle was examined by scanning electron microscopy. A new flagellum grows on an old polar end located at the opposite position of the parental flagellum in the late stage of the cell cycle.
Effect of Histamine‐Sensitizing Factor of Bordetella pertussis on Pharmacologic Response of Rat Atria
Authors: Endoh Masahiko , Nakase Yasukiyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effects of sensitization with the histamine‐sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis as well as Bordetella vaccines on a pharmacologic response in rat heart preparations were determined. In normal rats the spontaneous beating of atria in vitro through the positive inotropic action produced by the addition of epinephrine was inhibited immediately by addition of acetylcholine, whereas in the B. pertussis vaccine‐treated rats the exciting atria were scarcely inhibited by acetylcholine. Neither B. parapertussis nor B. bronchiseptica vaccines induced such an altered atrial response in rats. Of the B. pertussis cell components purified HSF induced the altered response at the minimal dose of 0.1 μg per rat, and a dose of 1 μg or more produced the maximal change. This altered atrial‐inducing activity of HSF was inactivated by heating at 63 C for 30 min, and was neutralized by anti‐HSF rabbit serum. The altered response rose quickly in 1 day after i.v. injection of 1 μg of HSF, reached a plateau in 3 to 5 days, which lasted at least 14 days, and disappeared completely 56 days later. HSF failed to produce directly any functional damage to the beating atria in vitro, and to induce the altered response of the normal rat atria by incubation with as much as 10 μg of HSF per bath (50 ml) for 4 hr. A trace stimulation was found in the normal rat atria as well as in perfused frog hearts, if HSF was given directly at a dose of 20 μg per bath.The possible mechanism of the altered atrial response in the HSF‐sensitized rats is discussed.
Alterations in the Immunogenic Properties of Sheep Erythrocytes by Sonic Disruption
Authors: Nagase Fumihiko , Nakashima Izumi , Nagase Noriko , Kato Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA solubilized sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigen (supernatant fraction obtained by centrifuging 107‐2 × 108 sonicated SRBC at 6 × 104 g for 30 min [Sup‐SRBC]), whose ability to inhibit anti‐SRBC plaque formation was 70% of that of the original sonicated SRBC, was unable to elicit a detectable antibody response in either unprimed or SRBC‐primed mice. However, Sup‐SRBC as well as intact SRBC antigens generated memory for the secondary response, which was transferable to irradiated syngeneic recipients by injection of immune spleen cells. The memory generated by Sup‐SRBC involved helper memory for anti‐trinitrophenyl group (TNP) response to challenge with TNP‐conjugated SRBC. Increase in the helper T cell memory in the spleens of Sup‐SRBC‐primed mice was also demonstrated by an in vitro culture experiment and by an adoptive cell transfer experiment. In contrast, no detectable B cell memory was generated by Sup‐SRBC. Repeated stimulation with Sup‐SRBC never induced significant antibody response but reduced the level of memory. A single injection of a low dose (106) of SRBC also failed to induce a definite primary antibody response generating memory for the secondary response. However, repeated stimulation with this dose of SRBC induced a high antibody response and generated good memory. From these results it is suggested that the intact structure of SRBC is required for the activation of B cells, but is not necessary for the stimulation of T cells.
Properties of Hg‐ and Cd‐Spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551
Authors: Imagawa Masayoshi , Ichikawa Tomio , Kondo Masaomi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHg‐ and Cd‐spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 were produced in Schaeffer's medium containing mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride respectively. Metals were added to the medium at 9 hr of incubation (Stage V) to give a final concentration of 50 μm. It was found by electron microscopic and biochemical studies that the coats of both Hg‐ and Cd‐spores were thinner than those of control spores. Of the total Hg and Cd in the spores, 77% of the Hg and 63% of the Cd were detected in the spore coats.Hg‐ and Cd‐spores were less resistant to heat and more sensitive to germinants than control spores. Other properties of Hg‐ and Cd‐spores were similar to those of control spores. These results suggest that the spore coat has some relationship to the heat resistance and germinability of spores.
Regulatory Factors of Lymphocyte‐Lymphocyte Interaction: II. Characterization of Human Mitogenic Factor Derived from the Culture Supernatant of a Mouse‐Human Hybridoma
Authors: Kawano Michio , Namba Yuziro , Hanaoka Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCell hybridization of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with murine lymphoma (EL‐4) provided three hybridomas (MHH‐16, MHH‐20, and MHH‐22) which spontaneously produced human mitogenic factor (MF). MHH‐16 was serially subcloned by limiting dilution procedures, which resulted in maintaining two subclones producing human MF spontaneously for more than one year (PQL‐3 and PQL‐5 subcloned lines). Human MF (MHH‐MF) derived from supernatants of PQL‐5 line cultures had a molecular weight (m.w.) of about 26,000–30,000 daltons (the major peak) with a minor peak with an m.w. of 15,000 daltons on Sephadex G‐100 chromatography, and at a high concentration of NaCl (1 m), the activity of the 26,000–30,000‐m.w. fraction became weak and that of the 15,000‐m.w. fraction became predominant. MHH‐MF had an isoelectric point of pH 5.0–6.5. On DEAE‐cellulose chromatography, MHH‐MF was eluted at a fairly low salt concentration (sodium phosphate buffer 0.02 M, pH 8.0, NaCl 10 mm). After periodate treatment of this MHH‐MF, the mitogenic activity almost disappeared. MHH‐MF was relatively unstable to heating at 56 C for 20 min. In the presence of tunicamycin (0.3μg/ml), an inhibitor of N‐linked glycosylation, the synthesized MHH‐MF showed a decrease in m.w. as follows: the major peak shifted from 26,000–30,000 to 23,000 daltons and the minor peak from 15,000 to 10,000 daltons on Sephadex G‐100 chromatography.In internal labeling experiments with [3H]leucine, the 3H‐labeled MF was partially purified, with mitogenic activity as a guide. This 3H‐labeled MHH‐MF fraction could be absorbed by PHA blasts but not by normal PBL. On SDS‐PAGE under reducing conditions, only the radioactive peak of the 15,000‐dalton fraction was recovered. MHH‐MF obtained from the hybridoma culture supernatants may be a dimer of the 15,000‐dalton fraction and a glycoprotein.
Isolation and Properties of Dextranases from Bacteroides oralis Ig4a
Authors: Takahashi Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExtracellular dextranases were extracted from a dextran‐degrading microorganism, Bacteroides oralis Ig4a, which had been isolated from human dental plaque, and purified.Crude enzyme preparations obtained from a broth culture supernatant by salting out with ammonium sulfate were subjected to column chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose and subsequent Bio‐Gel p‐100, followed by isoelectric focusing.Two kinds of enzyme preparations, Enzymes I and II, with the ability to degrade soluble dextran were obtained. The optimal pHs of Enzymes I and II were 5.5 and 6.8, and the isoelectric points were pH 4.5 and 6.5, respectively. The molecular weights of Enzymes I and II were estimated by SDS‐PAGE to be 44,000 and 52,000. Both enzymes were inhibited by Pb2+ and Fe3+, but not by Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, or Fe2+. Neither the presence of EDTA nor iodoacetamide had any appreciable effect on the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was independent of any of these metal ions.Enzyme I liberated glucose, isomaltose, maltotriose and higher oligosaccharides from dextran. In contrast, Enzyme II liberated only glucose from dextran and was assumed to be an exoglycosidase.Neither of the enzymes degraded modified insoluble glucan, which is a partially oxidized mutan of S. mutans containing predominantly α‐(1, 3) linkages.
Glycerol‐Releasing Activity of Histamine‐Sensitizing Factor of Bordetella pertussis for Rat Adipocytes In Vitro
Authors: Endoh Masahiko , Nakase Yasukiyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHistamine‐sensitizing factor (HSF) purified from Bordetella pertussis induced specifically the release of glycerol from rat epididymal adipocytes in vitro. The most sensitive and reproducible results were obtained by using 1 to 2 × 105 adipocytes/tube from rats weighing 150 to 200 g, and by incubation at 37 C for 180 min. After a lag period of about 60 min, HSF‐treated adipocytes released glycerol in increasing amounts between 60 and 240 min, depending on the dose of HSF. A close correlation between the glycerol‐releasing (GR) activity of HSF for adipocytes and histamine‐sensitizing or leukocytosis‐promoting activity in mice was observed. The GR activity was inactivated by heating at 56 C for 60 min, 63 C for 30 min or 96 C for 10 min. The adipocytes washed out with a Krebs‐Ringer bicarbonate buffer immediately after being exposed to HSF for 1 to 3 min manifested about 75% of the total GR activity induced by HSF, and those washed out after being exposed for 30 min or longer had full activity. Anti‐HSF serum neutralized the activity when it was added to adipocytes simultaneously with HSF, but did not when it was added 30 min after being exposed to HSF. By using both native and 125I‐labeled HSF, the ratio of binding of HSF to adipocytes was estimated to be 10 to 15% of the total HSF per 2 × 105 cells/tube, and to be about 1,000 molecules of HSF per cell to induce the release of glycerol. The GR activity induced with 10 ng of HSF was inhibited by addition of insulin at a dose of over 1 μIU/tube, but not by concanavalin A.
A Simple Bile‐Disk Method for the Identification of Bacteroides fragilis
Authors: Yamazaki Etsuko , Sugimoto Kiyoshi , Niwano Kiyoshi , Okada Jun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA simple method for the separation and identification of Bacteroides fragilis from other Bacteroides species through the use of oxgall‐impregnated filter paper disks is described. As in the antibiotic sensitivity test, filter paper disks containing defined amounts of bile salt were placed on a lawn of bacterial cells on Gifu anaerobic medium agar plates. Bile‐resistant bacteria were identified as strains of Bacteroides fragilis after incubation in anaerobic jars containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide generators at 35 C for 24 hr. The optimum concentration of bile salt, yielding results very similar to those of the conventional tube method, was determined to be 25 mg per disk, empirically. Since this method is easy to perform, time saving, economical and gives clear results, it may be readily used as a daily routine test in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
R483 and F Plasmid Genes Promoting RNA Degradation: Comparative Restriction Mapping
Authors: Akimoto Shigeru , Ohnishi Yoshinari 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe gene promoting nucleic‐acid degradation (pnd) on IncIa plasmid R483 was cloned into pBR322. It is located on a 0.85 kilobase (kb) EcoRI‐SalI fragment and is close to Tn7. The pnd gene has similar properties to the srnB gene on the F plasmid. A cleavage map of the 0.85 kb pnd fragment was constructed and compared with that of the 1.18 kb EcoRI‐BamHI fragment containing the srnB gene. These two regions showed marked heterogeneity as evidenced by their distinctly different restriction maps. This result suggests separate paths of evolution of the two genes for stable RNA degradation.
Integration of Bovine Leukemia Virus DNA in the Genomes of Bovine Lymphosarcoma Cells
Authors: Onuma Misao , Sagata Noriyuki , Okada Kosuke , Ogawa Yasuki , Ikawa Yoji , Oshima Kanichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntegration of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in the genomes of infected cells was investigated in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL). Southern blot hybridization of BLV cDNA to Eco RI and Xba I restriction fragments of EBL tumor DNAs revealed that: 1) one to four or more copies of proviral DNA were integrated per genome; 2) the restriction pattern of the integrated proviral DNA was the same in two or three different tumors from the same animals; and 3) different patterns were observed among tumors from four different animals. These findings suggest the monoclonal origin of different tumors in an individual animal and the existence of multiple chromosomal integration sites of BLV provirus. DNAs from several SBL tumors were also analyzed with the same restriction enzymes, but with both representative and cDNA3′‐enriched's of BLV RNA. No hybridization bands reactive with representative BLV cDNA could be detected, while several bands appeared to hybridize with cDNA3′‐enriched.
Relationship between Serotype and Certain Biological and Biochemical Characteristics of Strains of the Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellular Complex
Authors: Tsukamura Michio , Mizuno Shoji , Murata Hiroshi , Nemoto Hisashi , Yugi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSome relationships among Schaefer's serotypes and biological and biochemical characteristics were observed in strains of the Mycobacterium avium‐Mycobacterium intracellulare complex.Strains belonging to serotypes 2 and 16 lacked the capacity to utilize n‐ and iso‐butanols as the sole source of carbon in the presence of ammoniacal nitrogen. However, strains of serotype 2 grew at 45 C and lacked arylsulfatase activity (after 14 days), whereas strains of serotype 16 failed to grow at 45 C and showed positive arylsulfatase activity. Strains belonging to serotypes 8, 9, and 15 grew at 45 C, utilized n‐ and iso‐butanols, and showed arylsulfatase activity.
Mechanisms of Resistance in Escherichia coli to the Sideromycin Antibiotic No. 216: Isolation and Characterization of the Resistant Mutants
Authors: Miyakawa Satohide , Noto Takao , Okazaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEscherichia coli easily developed resistance to a new antimicrobial agent of the sideromycin group, No. 216, by spontaneous mutation. Most of the No. 216‐resistant mutants tested proved not to be cross‐resistant to E. coli phages T1, T5, and φ80. On the other hand, these phage‐resistant mutants were cross resistant to No. 216. The initial site for binding of No. 216 to the sensitive cells was located, at the ton A gene product (Ton A‐protein) of the outer membrane. However, unlike the phage‐resistant mutants, ton A protein (78K‐protein) in most No. 216‐resistant mutants was intact and these mutants were possessed a particular 87K protein in the outer membrane. It is suggested that No. 216 is taken up by ton A protein and then penetrates into the cell by way of a particular transport system and that a highly mutable portion may exist in this reaction system.
pH‐Dependent Hemolysis and Cell Fusion of Rhabdoviruses
Authors: Mannen Kazuaki , Ohuchi Masanobu , Mifune Kumato 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHuman erythrocytes pretreated with fungal semialkali protease or trypsin became susceptible to hemagglutination by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and rabies virus. Both viruses exhibited extensive hemolytic and fusion activities against erythrocytes pretreated with these enzymes. The hemolysis and fusion were pH dependent and the activities were most apparent at pH 5.0 and decreased with increase in pH. However, VSV still exhibited slight hemolytic activity at neutral pH. Hemolysis was also dependent on the dose of virus and was inhibited by treatment of the viruses with antiviral antibody. Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte membranes suggested that most of the carbohydrates were removed from the membrane proteins by the treatment with proteolytic enzymes.
Prevalence Rate and Age of Acquisition of Antibodies against JC Virus and BK Virus in Human Sera
Authors: Taguchi Fumiaki , Kajioka Jitsuo , Miyamura Tatsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA total of 480 serum samples from donors including 384 children up to 10 years of age were examined by the hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) test for the rates of prevalence and age of acquisition of HI antibodies against JC virus and BK virus. Among 136 serum samples from various age groups, there were five (4%) with no detectable antibodies against BK or JC virus, 75 (55%) with antibodies against both viruses, 41 (30.1%) with antibodies against only BK virus and 26 (19%) with antibodies against only JC virus. The prevalence of antibodies against JC and BK viruses was 70.5% and 80.8%, respectively, and the mean HI titers (4 × 2n, n≥1) were 4.90 and 4.30. About 50% of the children had acquired antibodies against BK virus by 3 years of age and against JC virus by 6 years of age. These results indicate that dual latent infections with both viruses are common, although independent infections with either virus are predominant in the human population.