bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Average neutron Cross-Section of 27 al using 241 AM/BE neutron source
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed Al-Shamy  
Published: July 2024

يهدف هذا البحث الى دراسة متوسط المقطع-العرضي للنيوترون AL 27 باستخدام مصدر النيترونBe/Am 241. واتبع البحث المنهج التجريبي، واشتمل على مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة. تناولت المقدمة أهمية واطار الدراسة النظري، وتناول المبحث الاول التجربة المعملية وحساب المقاطع العرضية النيترونية باستخدام الطريقة الرسمية العددية. وتناول المبحث الثاني ايجاد القيم النظرية لهذه المقاطع باستخدام الرمزين: SCAT2000 لحساب المقطع العرضي الكلي والمرن ورمز CINDY لحساب المقطع العرضي *'Al(n,p) 'Mg، وتناول المبحث الثاثل عرض ومناقشة النتائج. أما الخاتمة فتضمنت أهم النتائج ومنها: ان متوسط القيمة المقاسة هو 25 + 0.48 ميجابايت، وهو متوافق مع القيم المحسوبة.
Ground Water Exploitation and its Relation to the Water Quality Deterioration Conditions of Sana'a Drinking Water Supply
Authors: كمال احمد العاني  , محمد فارع محمد  
Published: July 2024

#كان الدافع الرئيس لأجراء هذا البحث هو إعطاء الاهتمام اللازم لنضوب المياه الجوفية والتلوث في حوض صنعاء الأمر الذي جعل هذا الموضوع على رأس المشاكل التي تستلزم إجراء دراسات وبحوث ميدانية شاملة واهتمام لاستيعابها والخروج بحلول مناسبة لها. إن يحثنا هذا موجه لدراسة الصفات النوعية الكيميائية المياه الشرب في صنعاء. العديد إن من المستويات غير المقبولة بالنسبة للأيونات الخاصة (SO4-2, F- ,NO3-, Fe+2 Fe+3) والتي تسبب مشاكل خطيرة عند زيادة تركيزها عن الحد الأعلى المسموح به من قبل منظمة الصحة العالمية، ودليل المواصفات الوطنية لمياه الشرب في اليمن. وفي نفس الوقت هنالك العديد من عينات المياه من مواقع مختلفة أظهرت مستويات مقبولة للعناصر الشائعة كما تظهر ذلك الجداول التي تحدد نوعية مياه الشرب في مدينة صنعاء. إن الاختلافات في التراكيز الواردة في الأيونات الأربعة إنما تعزى إلى الطبيعة الجيولوجية والكيميائية الخصائص الصخور والتربة لكل منطقة، وعمق الآبار وكمية المياه المخزونة فيها، وكذلك للتلوث الناتج جراء مياه المجاري السائبة.
مرشــح كالمــــن لنمـــوذج حركي هرمي
Authors: سلطان علي محمد سالم  
Published: July 2024

هدف البحث إلى اشتقاق صيغة رياضية لحساب مرشح كالمن لنموذج حركي هرمي، وهذه الصيغة تمثل اجراء تكراريا لتقدير مَعْلَمَات النموذج المعنى, وتعمل على إقلال الخطأ المرافق للنموذج حصولا على المقدر الأمثل للمَعْلَمَات، وقد خلص البحث إلى أن النتائج التي تم اشتقاقها في هذا البحث تطبق بصوره عامة عندما تكون مصفوفات التباين معلومة, وهذا في الغالب نادر الحدوث في التطبيقات العملية, لذا يجب أن تتوافر مقاييس ملائمة في البيانات قيد الدراسة تسمح بتقدير التباين، كما أن الأسلوب المقترح للتطبيق يمكن استخدامه لمجموعة واحدة من البيانات أي أن i=1 ويمكن تعميمه لأكثر من مجموعة من البيانات.
<b> نسب الاكتئاب النفسي لدى طلبة الجامعة</b>
Authors: سناء محمد حيدرة  
Published: July 2024

# يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على نسبة انتشار الاكتئاب النفسي لدى طلبة جامعة عدن، والتعرف على الروق بين الجنسين في الاكتئاب كما تقيسه الدرجة الكلية وعلى مستوى كل عرض، واستخدم البحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي والمقارن، واشتمل البحث على مقدمة عامة عن البحث، وأربعة محاور: المحور الأول: الإطار النظري للبحث، والمحور الثاني: عرض الدراسات السابقة، والمحور الثالث: إجراءات البحث، والرابع: عرض نتائج البحث ثم مناقشتها وتفسيرها، وختم البحث بالتوصيات والمقترحات، وقد توصل البحث إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: أن هناك فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية لصالح الإناث في صعوبة العمل، وعدم اتخاذ القرار، وعدم الرضا والتعب، وهو ما يعني أن الإناث أكثر من الذكور من حيث ضغط المشاعر والشعور بالعجز بسبب تعدد أدوارهن في الحياة.
Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and shear-wave elastography for small breast nodules
Authors: Shen Yan , He Jie , Liu Miao , Hu Jiaojiao , Wan Yonglin , Zhang Tingting , Ding Jun , Dong Jiangnan , Fu Xiaohong 
Published: July 2024

Background
The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) in detecting small malignant breast nodules in an effort to inform further refinements of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification system.

Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed patients with breast nodules who underwent conventional ultrasound, CEUS, and SWE at Gongli Hospital from November 2015 to December 2019. The inclusion criteria were nodules ≤ 2 cm in diameter with pathological outcomes determined by biopsy, no prior treatments, and solid or predominantly solid nodules. The exclusion criteria included pregnancy or lactation and low-quality images. Imaging features were detailed and classified per BI-RADS. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
The study included 302 patients with 305 breast nodules, 113 of which were malignant. The diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved by combining the BI-RADS classification with CEUS and SWE. The combined approach yielded a sensitivity of 88.5%, specificity of 87.0%, positive predictive value of 80.0%, negative predictive value of 92.8%, and accuracy of 87.5% with an area under the curve of 0.877. Notably, 55.8% of BI-RADS 4A nodules were downgraded to BI-RADS 3 and confirmed as benign after pathological examination, suggesting the potential to avoid unnecessary biopsies.

Conclusion
The integrated use of the BI-RADS classification, CEUS, and SWE enhances the accuracy of differentiating benign and malignant small breast nodule, potentially reducing the need for unnecessary biopsies.
Investigating the Occurrence of Fungi and Bacteria in Fruits Spoilage in Selected Markets in Bwari Area Council Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ozoude Theresa Obiageli , Onaburekhan Florence O. , Amachree Evangeline Ukachi , Echeta Maryrose Ogechi 
Published: July 2024

Aim: This study evaluated the microorganisms that cause spoilage of four different fruits sold in selected markets in Bwari Area Council, Abuja.
Study Design: Factorial experimental design was employed for this study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Veritas University Abuja between July to September, 2020.
Methodology: Twenty-four samples (6 samples each) of four different fruits were obtained from Zuma, Kubwa and Bwari market, in Bwari Area Council. Standard microbiological method was used for the isolation, enumeration and identification of the bacteria and fungi species. Percentages were used to determine the distribution of the isolates in the different locations. Data collected were also subjected to Chi square test at P=0.05 level of probability to check significance difference between the fruit’s location, abundance and occurrence of the isolates
Results: After microbiological analysis of the twenty-four samples, it was observed that the bacterial isolates include; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp while the fungal spp were of the genus Aspergillus, Fusarium and Mucor. The bacterial count ranged from 1.2 x 106 to 6.1 x106 Cfu/ml and that of fungi ranged from 3.1 x106 to 5.4 x 106 Cfu/ml while the most occurring bacterial species was Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus spp occurred most for the fungi isolates. The Statistical analysis showed that there was no significance difference between the occurrence and abundance of fungi and location.
Conclusion: Bacteria and fungi are associated with the spoilage of the selected fruits in Bwari Area Council and contamination rates are relatively high. The most common fungi associated with pawpaw, mango, banana and watermelon spoilage were mainly Aspergillus flavus, Mucor species, Fusarium species and Aspergillus niger while bacteria associated with these fruits were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella species, and Escherichia coli. However, the most abundant species of bacteria and fungi associated with spoilage of fruits in Bwari Area Council were Aspergillus species and Staphylococcus aureus respectively.
Overview of Approaches to Preventing and Avoiding Proteolysis During Expression and Purification of Proteins
Authors: Ryan Barry J. , Henehan Gary T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractProteases are enzymes that cleave proteins. They occur widely in nature and play a fundamental role in cellular homeostasis; however, their presence can result in unwanted protein degradation during recombinant protein expression and purification. This unit introduces proteases, specifically focusing on the types commonly encountered during production of recombinant proteins. The strategies used to avoid and to prevent proteolysis are also described, with extensive consideration of the molecular, technical, and logistic methodologies involved. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 71:5.25.1‐5.25.7. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oikonomika
(treatise)
Authors: Schaps David M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The
Oikonomika
attributed to Aristotle is three unrelated short works, none of them, apparently, written by him, but all probably deriving from his philosophic school. The first book is a brief treatise on household management, the second a longer discussion of governmental finance, and the third, which exists only in two medieval Latin translations, a short manual for marital happiness.
Oikonomikos(treatise)
Authors: Howe Timothy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractXenophon'sOikonomikosis a dialogue between Socrates and Kritoboulos, the son of Krito, about how to manage an Oikos. In the discussion that follows, socrates, who claims to be too poor to have personal experience in running a large household and its lands, reports a conversation he once had with the prosperous Athenian landowner, Ischomachos. As reported by socrates, Ischomachus describes the methods he used to train his new wife in managing the house, their practices in directing and training slaves, and the techniques involved in farming.
Aristeas, Letter of
Authors: Honigman Sylvie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe best‐known Judeo‐Hellenistic literary work, part of the Pseudepigrapha, written by an anonymous Alexandrian Jew, theLetter of Aristeasrelates the circumstances of the translation of the Pentateuch into Greek and, together with Aristobulus, constitutes the earliest evidence of the legend of the origins of the Septuagint.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Thioglycosides with (Hetero)aryl Halides
Authors: Brachet Etienne , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Messaoudi Samir , Alami Mouad 
Published: February 2013

Abstractα‐ and β‐thioglycosides serve as effective nucleophiles for Buchwald–Hartwig cross‐coupling reactions using functionalized (hetero)aryl halides. The functional group tolerance on the electrophilic partner is typically high, both benzyl and acetate protecting groups on the carbohydrate are tolerated, and anomer selectivities of thioglycosides are high in all cases studied. The efficiency of this general protocol was well demonstrated by the synthesis of 4‐methyl‐7‐thioumbelliferyl‐β‐D‐cellobioside (MUS‐CB).
Stereospecific Allyl–Aryl Coupling Catalyzed byin situGenerated Palladium Nanoparticles in Water under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zhao Jingming , Ye Jiang , Zhang Yong Jian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA practical process for the stereospecific cross‐coupling of secondary allylic carbonates with arylboronic acids has been developed. The reaction is catalyzed byin situgenerated palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) without any ligands and additional stabilizers in water under ambient conditions and furnishes the allyl–aryl coupling products in high isolated yields with high stereospecificities as well as excellent chemo‐, regio‐ andE/Z‐selectivities. Thein situgenerated PdNPs showed extraordinary catalytic activity (S/C up to 5000) even for the allyl–aryl coupling reactions of easily eliminated allylic carbonates under aqueous ambient conditions. The mechanism of the process has also been investigated.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Annulations of Enals and Ynals with Indolin‐3‐ones: Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]indol‐2‐ones
Authors: Lu Yingyan , Tang Weifang , Zhang Yu , Du Ding , Lu Tao 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEnal and ynal‐derived α,β‐unsaturated acylazoliums under N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis have been applied for annulations with indolin‐3‐ones. The two reactions offer a direct and efficient access to functionalized 3,4‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]indol‐2‐ones in moderate to high yields, which may provide promising candidates for drug discovery.
Iron‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Densely Substituted Benzofurans and Naphthopyrans from Phenolic Compounds and Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Yuan Feng‐Quan , Han Fu‐She 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA one‐pot cascade reaction for the synthesis of polysubstituted benzofurans and naphthopyrans from simple phenols and propargylic alcohols catalyzed by iron(III) is presented. The results demonstrate that the structural specificity for the formation of furan and pyran products is controlled by the structural nature of the propargylic alcohols. Namely, benzofurans could be synthesized efficiently from phenols and secondary propargylic alcohols in the presence of 5 mol% of iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3⋅6 H2O) catalyst. On the other hand, pyran derivatives were obtained exclusively when tertiary propargylic alcohols were employed. Mechanistic studies revealed that presumably due to the discriminated steric effect of secondary and tertiary propargylic alcohols, the Fe‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts (F–C) reaction of phenols with the two types of alcohols proceeds via different models. Most importantly, we have demonstrated for the first time that fully 2,3,4‐substituted naphthopyrans could be synthesized efficiently via the iron‐catalyzed one‐pot cascade reaction. Consequently, the results presented herein provide straightforward pathways for versatile syntheses of valuable benzofuran and pyran derivatives from simple phenolic compounds and propargylic alcohols.
Metal‐Free Rearrangement of Spirofurooxindoles into Spiropentenoneoxindoles and Indoles: Implications for the Mechanism and Stereochemistry of the Piancatelli Rearrangement
Authors: Yin Biaolin , Huang Li , Wang Xiujun , Liu Jianchao , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSpirofurooxindoles derived from α‐furylcarbinols were rearranged into spirocyclopentenoneoxindoles exclusively or as a mixture of spirocyclopentenoneoxindoles and indoles under different reaction conditions. Along with our previous studies, the stepwise C‐Piancatelli rearrangement has been presented for the first time.
Palladium‐Mediated [2+1] Cycloaddition of Norbornene Derivatives with Ynamides
Authors: Clavier Hervé , Lepronier Aymeric , Bengobesse‐Mintsa Nathalie , Gatineau David , Pellissier Hélène , Giordano Laurent , Tenaglia Alphonse , Buono Gérard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn efficient palladium‐catalyzed [2+1] cycloaddition between ynamides and norbornenes or norbornadienes is reported. Both phosphapalladacycles and palladium/secondary phosphine oxide catalytic systems were found to be competent for the transformation allowing the preparation of aminomethylenecyclopropanes. The reaction showed general applicability to various functionalized bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐enes and ynamides. A chiral phosphapalladacycle was tested to carry out this transformation in an enantioselective fashion.
Antimony/N‐Hydroxyphthalimide as a Catalyst System for Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Tanoue Arata , Yoo Woo‐Jin , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the course of our investigations to find a novel catalyst for the cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction, it was discovered that antimony(V) serves as a co‐catalyst with N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) under aerobic conditions. This is a rare example of a catalytic use of antimony for an oxidative coupling reaction.
Linear low‐density polyethylene colored with a nanoclay‐based pigment: Morphology and mechanical, thermal, and colorimetric properties
Authors: Marchante V. , Marcilla A. , Benavente V. , Martínez‐Verdú F. M. , Beltrán M. I. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this study, a novel kind of hybrid pigment based on nanoclays and dyes was synthesized and characterized. These nanoclay‐based pigments (NCPs) were prepared at the laboratory with sodium montmorillonite nanoclay (NC) and methylene blue (MB). The cation‐exchange capacity of NC exchanged with MB was varied to obtain a wide color gamut. The synthesized nanopigments were thoroughly characterized. The NCPs were melt‐mixed with linear low‐density polyethylene (PE) with an internal mixer. Furthermore, samples with conventional colorants were prepared in the same way. Then, the properties (mechanical, thermal, and colorimetric) of the mixtures were assessed. The PE–NCP samples developed better color properties than those containing conventional colorants and used as references, and their other properties were maintained or improved, even at lower contents of dye compared to that with the conventional colorants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Dual crosslinking of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber latex employing the thiol‐ene photoreaction
Authors: Lenko Dietmar , Schlögl Sandra , Temel Armin , Schaller Raimund , Holzner Armin , Kern Wolfgang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAt present, the most common used crosslinking process for carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) latex is an accelerated sulfur curing system with zinc oxide. To avoid allergenic reactions related to residual accelerator levels in dipped XNBR latex articles such as medical gloves, a dual curing process has been developed combining thermal and photochemical crosslinking reactions. The two‐step procedure involves the formation of covalent and ionic bonds to ensure good mechanical properties of the final products. The photochemical thiol‐ene reaction is used to generate covalent crosslinks between the remaining CC double bonds of the butadiene units whereas the carboxylic moieties are conventionally cured with divalent metal oxides (ZnO) under elevated temperature (formation of ionic crosslinks). The photochemical curing step is carried out both in the latex phase using a falling film photoreactor (prevulcanization) as well as in the solid phase by UV irradiation of dried XNBR films (postvulcanization). The mechanical properties and crosslink densities of the cured XNBR films are determined and the influence of selected curing parameters is assessed. The results give evidence that a combined approach of thermal prevulcanization and photochemical postvulcanization makes the production of latex articles (e.g., gloves) with tailored properties and good skin compatibility feasible. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Processable and Robust MoS2 Paper Chemically Cross‐Linked with Polymeric Ligands by the Coordination of Divalent Metal Ions
Authors: Liu Yi‐Tao , Tan Zhen , Xie Xu‐Ming , Wang Zhi‐Feng , Ye Xiong‐Ying 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInorganic graphene analogues (IGAs) are a huge and fascinating family of compounds that have extraordinary electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, one of the largest problems that face the industrial application of IGAs is their poor processability, which has led to a “bottlenecking” in the development of freestanding, large‐area, IGA‐based thin‐film devices. Herein, we report a facile and cost‐efficient method to chemically modify IGAs by using their abundant coordination atoms (S, O, and N). Taking MoS2 as an example, we have prepared homogeneous “solution” systems, in which MoS2 nanosheets are chemically cross‐linked through a carboxylate‐containing polymeric ligand, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), by copper‐ion coordination. Bonding interactions between CO bonds and sulfur atoms through copper ions were confirmed by various characterization techniques, such as UV/Vis, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy and XPS. By using our method, freestanding MoS2 paper with significantly improved mechanical properties was obtained, thus laying the basis for the mass production of large‐area MoS2‐based thin‐film devices. Furthermore, copper‐ion coordination was also applied to MoS2/PMMA nanocomposites. Direct and strong nanofiller/matrix bonding interactions facilitate efficient load transfer and endow the polymeric nanocomposites with an excellent reinforcement effect. This method may pave a new way to high‐strength polymeric nanocomposites with superior frictional properties, flame retardance, and oxidation resistance.
Selection of Decision Strategies After Conscious and Unconscious Thought
Authors: Pachur Thorsten , Forrer Eveline Aebi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIt is commonly assumed that the use of simple, non‐compensatory strategies is especially pronounced in memory‐based decisions, where information costs are high. At the same time, there is evidence that in memory‐based decisions, a compensatory processing of attributes is facilitated when the processing occurs unconsciously rather than consciously. We applied a strategy classification approach—developed in research on non‐compensatory heuristics—to test two key tenets of unconscious thought theory: the capacity principle and the weighting principle. Participants memorized attribute information about cars and were subsequently either directed to or diverted from thinking consciously about their preferences between the cars (conscious versus unconscious thought). Then, participants indicated in pair‐wise choices which car they would prefer and were classified (based on their choices) as using either one of two compensatory strategies (equal weight or weighted additive) or a non‐compensatory strategy (lexicographic heuristic). In line with the capacity principle, the number of participants best described by a compensatory strategy (the equal‐weight strategy) tended to be higher after unconscious thought than after conscious thought, whereas the number of participants best described by the lexicographic heuristic tended to be lower. Inconsistent with the weighting principle, participants in the unconscious thought condition were better described by the equal‐weight strategy than by the weighted‐additive strategy. In Experiment 2, in which participants were not instructed to form an impression while learning the attribute information, the use of the equal‐weight strategy was not more prevalent after unconscious thought. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mutually Constitutive Relationship between Place and Identity: The Role of Place‐Identity in Discourse on Asylum Seekers and Refugees
Authors: Kirkwood Steve , McKinlay Andy , McVittie Chris 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTRecent discursive research has shown that constructions of place may function to regulate social relations and reinforce particular notions of belonging. However, extant discursive research on place‐identity has so far neglected the mutually constitutive relationships between constructions of place and identity in legitimising people's presence. To address this gap, this study, undertaken in Scotland, applies the notion of place‐identity to the discursive analysis of interviews with asylum seekers and refugees, people who work in organisations that support asylum seekers and refugees and locals who live in areas where asylum seekers and refugees tend to be housed. The analysis suggests that constructions of asylum seekers’ and refugees’ countries of origin as dangerous, and the host society as relatively problem‐free, function to constitute their identities as legitimate and to justify their presence in the host society. Moreover, constructions of place may work to portray refugees and asylum seekers as benefiting the local community and as belonging more than certain other locals. In contrast, constructing the host society as ‘full’ functions to oppose their presence through portraying them as not being able to belong. This demonstrates the mutually constitutive roles of place and identity in legitimising or resisting people's movement and belonging. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.