bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The discrete logarithm problem for exponents of bounded height
Authors: Blackburn Simon R. , Scott Sam 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLet$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}G$be a cyclic group written multiplicatively (and represented in some concrete way). Let$n$be a positive integer (much smaller than the order of$G$). Let$g,h\in G$. Thebounded height discrete logarithm problemis the task of finding positive integers$a$and$b$(if they exist) such that$a\leq n$,$b\leq n$and$g^a=h^b$. (Provided that$b$is coprime to the order of$g$, we have$h=g^{a/b}$where$a/b$is a rational number of height at most$n$. This motivates the terminology.)The paper provides a reduction to the two-dimensional discrete logarithm problem, so the bounded height discrete logarithm problem can be solved using a low-memory heuristic algorithm for the two-dimensional discrete logarithm problem due to Gaudry and Schost. The paper also provides a low-memory heuristic algorithm to solve the bounded height discrete logarithm problem in a generic group directly, without using a reduction to the two-dimensional discrete logarithm problem. This new algorithm is inspired by (but differs from) the Gaudry–Schost algorithm. Both algorithms use$O(n)$group operations, but the new algorithm is faster and simpler than the Gaudry–Schost algorithm when used to solve the bounded height discrete logarithm problem. Like the Gaudry–Schost algorithm, the new algorithm can easily be carried out in a distributed fashion.The bounded height discrete logarithm problem is relevant to a class of attacks on the privacy of a key establishment protocol recently published by EMVCo for comment. This protocol is intended to protect the communications between a chip-based payment card and a terminal using elliptic curve cryptography. The paper comments on the implications of these attacks for the design of any final version of the EMV protocol.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS3 Sequence Diversity and Antiviral Resistance-Associated Variant Frequency in HCV/HIV Coinfection
Authors: Jabara Cassandra B. , Hu Fengyu , Mollan Katie R. , Williford Sara E. , Menezes Prema , Yang Yan , Eron Joseph J. , Fried Michael W. , Hudgens Michael G. , Jones Corbin D. , Swanstrom Ronald , Lemon Stanley M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTHIV coinfection accelerates disease progression in chronic hepatitis C and reduces sustained antiviral responses (SVR) to interferon-based therapy. New direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) promise higher SVR rates, but the selection of preexisting resistance-associated variants (RAVs) may lead to virologic breakthrough or relapse. Thus, pretreatment frequencies of RAVs are likely determinants of treatment outcome but typically are below levels at which the viral sequence can be accurately resolved. Moreover, it is not known how HIV coinfection influences RAV frequency. We adopted an accurate high-throughput sequencing strategy to compare nucleotide diversity in HCV NS3 protease-coding sequences in 20 monoinfected and 20 coinfected subjects with well-controlled HIV infection. Differences in mean pairwise nucleotide diversity (π), Tajima'sDstatistic, and Shannon entropy index suggested that the genetic diversity of HCV is reduced in coinfection. Among coinfected subjects, diversity correlated positively with increases in CD4+T cells on antiretroviral therapy, suggesting T cell responses are important determinants of diversity. At a median sequencing depth of 0.084%, preexisting RAVs were readily identified. Q80K, which negatively impacts clinical responses to simeprevir, was encoded by more than 99% of viral RNAs in 17 of the 40 subjects. RAVs other than Q80K were identified in 39 of 40 subjects, mostly at frequencies near 0.1%. RAV frequency did not differ significantly between monoinfected and coinfected subjects. We conclude that HCV genetic diversity is reduced in patients with well-controlled HIV infection, likely reflecting impaired T cell immunity. However, RAV frequency is not increased and should not adversely influence the outcome of DAA therapy.
Potential Immune Mechanisms Associated with Anemia in Plasmodium vivax Malaria: a Puzzling Question
Authors: Castro-Gomes Thiago , Mourão Luiza C. , Melo Gisely C. , Monteiro Wuelton M. , Lacerda Marcus V. G. , Braga Érika M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The pathogenesis of malaria is complex, generating a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. One of the major complications and concerns in malaria is anemia, which is responsible for considerable morbidity in the developing world, especially in children and pregnant women. Despite its enormous health importance, the immunological mechanisms involved in malaria-induced anemia remain incompletely understood.
Plasmodium vivax
, one of the causative agents of human malaria, is known to induce a strong inflammatory response with a robust production of immune effectors, including cytokines and antibodies. Therefore, it is possible that the extent of the immune response not only may facilitate the parasite killing but also may provoke severe illness, including anemia. In this review, we consider potential immune effectors and their possible involvement in generating this clinical outcome during
P. vivax
infections.
The use of crowdsourcing for dietary self-monitoring: crowdsourced ratings of food pictures are comparable to ratings by trained observers
Authors: Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle M , Helander Elina E , Kaipainen Kirsikka , Perez-Macias Jose Maria , Korhonen Ilkka 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjective Crowdsourcing dietary ratings for food photographs, which uses the input of several users to provide feedback, has potential to assist with dietary self-monitoring.Materials and methods This study assessed how closely crowdsourced ratings of foods and beverages contained in 450 pictures from the Eatery mobile app as rated by peer users (fellow Eatery app users) (n = 5006 peers, mean 18.4 peer ratings/photo) using a simple ‘healthiness’ scale were related to the ratings of the same pictures by trained observers (raters). In addition, the foods and beverages present in each picture were categorized and the impact on the peer rating scale by food/beverage category was examined. Raters were trained to provide a ‘healthiness’ score using criteria from the 2010 US Dietary Guidelines.Results The average of all three raters’ scores was highly correlated with the peer healthiness score for all photos (r = 0.88, p&lt;0.001). Using a multivariate linear model (R2 = 0.73) to examine the association of peer healthiness scores with foods and beverages present in photos, peer ratings were in the hypothesized direction for both foods/beverages to increase and ones to limit. Photos with fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, nuts, and seeds (borderline at p = 0.06) were all associated with higher peer healthiness scores, and processed foods (borderline at p = 0.06), food from fast food restaurants, refined grains, red meat, cheese, savory snacks, sweets/desserts, and sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with lower peer healthiness scores.Conclusions The findings suggest that crowdsourcing holds potential to provide basic feedback on overall diet quality to users utilizing a low burden approach.
Metastasis-Associated Protein Ribosomal RNA Processing 1 Homolog B (RRP1B) Modulates Metastasis through Regulation of Histone Methylation
Authors: Lee Minnkyong , Dworkin Amy M. , Lichtenberg Jens , Patel Shashank J. , Trivedi Niraj S. , Gildea Derek , Bodine David M. , Crawford Nigel P.S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Overexpression of ribosomal RNA processing 1 homolog B (RRP1B) induces a transcriptional profile that accurately predicts patient outcome in breast cancer. However, the mechanism by which RRP1B modulates transcription is unclear. Here, the chromatin-binding properties of RRP1B were examined to define how it regulates metastasis-associated transcription. To identify genome-wide RRP1B-binding sites, high-throughput ChIP-seq was performed in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells using antibodies against endogenous RRP1B. Global changes in repressive marks such as histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) were also examined by ChIP-seq. Analysis of these samples identified 339 binding regions in MDA-MB-231 cells and 689 RRP1B-binding regions in HeLa cells. Among these, 136 regions were common to both cell lines. Gene expression analyses of these RRP1B-binding regions revealed that transcriptional repression is the primary result of RRP1B binding to chromatin. ChIP-reChIP assays demonstrated that RRP1B co-occupies loci with decreased gene expression with the heterochromatin-associated proteins, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28/KAP1), and heterochromatin protein 1-α (CBX5/HP1α). RRP1B occupancy at these loci was also associated with higher H3K9me3 levels, indicative of heterochromatinization mediated by the TRIM28/HP1α complex. In addition, RRP1B upregulation, which is associated with metastasis suppression, induced global changes in histone methylation.
Implications: RRP1B, a breast cancer metastasis suppressor, regulates gene expression through heterochromatinization and transcriptional repression, which helps our understanding of mechanisms that drive prognostic gene expression in human breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 12(12); 1818–28. ©2014 AACR.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis or Fn14 Deficiency Reduce Elastase Perfusion‐Induced Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm in Mice
Authors: Tarín Carlos , Fernández‐Laso Valvanera , Sastre Cristina , Madrigal‐Matute Julio , Gómez Mónica , Zaragoza Carlos , Egido Jesús , Burkly Linda C. , Martín‐Ventura Jose L. , Blanco‐Colio Luis M. 
Published: August 2014

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (
AAA
) involves leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory cytokine production, vascular cell apoptosis, neovascularization, and vascular remodeling, all of which contribute to aortic dilatation. Tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (
TWEAK
) is a cytokine implicated in proinflammatory responses, angiogenesis, and matrix degradation but its role in
AAA
formation is currently unknown.

Methods and Results

Experimental
AAA
with aortic elastase perfusion in mice was induced in wild‐type (
WT
),
TWEAK
deficient (
TWEAK KO
), or Fn14‐deficient (Fn14
KO
) mice.
TWEAK
or Fn14
KO
deficiency reduced aortic expansion, lesion macrophages,
CD
3
+
T cells, neutrophils,
CD
31
+
microvessels,
CCL
2 and
CCL
5 chemokines expression, and
MMP
activity after 14 days postperfusion.
TWEAK
and Fn14
KO
mice also showed a reduced loss of medial vascular smooth muscle cells (
VSMC
) that was related to a reduced number of apoptotic cells in these animals compared with
WT
mice. Aortas from
WT
animals present a higher disruption of the elastic layer and
MMP
activity than those from
TWEAK
or Fn14
KO
mice, indicating a diminished vascular remodeling in
KO
animals. In vitro experiments unveiled that
TWEAK
induces
CCL
5 secretion and
MMP
‐9 activation in both
VSMC
and bone marrow‐derived macrophages, and decrease
VSMC
viability, effects dependent on Fn14.

Conclusions

TWEAK
/Fn14 axis participates in
AAA
formation by promoting lesion inflammatory cell accumulation, angiogenesis, matrix‐degrading protease expression, and vascular remodeling. Blocking
TWEAK
/Fn14 interaction could be a new target for the treatment of
AAA
.
miRNA-mRNA integrative analysis in primary myelofibrosis CD34+ cells: role of miR-155/JARID2 axis in abnormal megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Norfo Ruggiero , Zini Roberta , Pennucci Valentina , Bianchi Elisa , Salati Simona , Guglielmelli Paola , Bogani Costanza , Fanelli Tiziana , Mannarelli Carmela , Rosti Vittorio , Pietra Daniela , Salmoiraghi Silvia , Bisognin Andrea , Ruberti Samantha , Rontauroli Sebastiano , Sacchi Giorgia , Prudente Zelia , Barosi Giovanni , Cazzola Mario , Rambaldi Alessandro , Bortoluzzi Stefania , Ferrari Sergio , Tagliafico Enrico , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Manfredini Rossella 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
Differential gene and miRNA expression analysis in PMF granulocytes identifies new biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets. Activation of the miR-155/JARID2 axis in PMF CD34+ cells results in overproduction of MK precursors.
Hemolysis is a primary ATP-release mechanism in human erythrocytes
Authors: Sikora Jacek , Orlov Sergei N. , Furuya Kishio , Grygorczyk Ryszard 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
No evidence was found for regulated ATP release from erythrocytes other than by cell lysis with all stimuli tested: mechanical, hypoxia, and cAMP. The results point to intravascular hemolysis as a primary mechanism governing ATP-dependent regulation of local blood flow.
Frequency of AIP Gene Mutations in Young Patients With Acromegaly: A Registry-Based Study
Authors: Schöfl Christof , Honegger Jürgen , Droste Michael , Grussendorf Martin , Finke Reinhard , Plöckinger Ursula , Berg Christian , Willenberg Holger S. , Lammert Alexander , Klingmüller Dietrich , Jaursch-Hancke Cornelia , Tönjes Anke , Schneidewind Sabine , Flitsch Jörg , Bullmann Catharina , Dimopoulou Christina , Stalla Günter , Mayr Bernhard , Hoeppner Wolfgang , Schopohl Jochen 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Familial and sporadic GH-secreting pituitary adenomas are associated with mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene. Patients with an AIP mutation (AIPmut) tend to have more aggressive tumors occurring at a younger age.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to investigate the frequency of AIPmut in patients diagnosed at 30 years of age or younger.

Design:
The German Acromegaly Registry database (1795 patients in 58 centers) was screened for patients diagnosed with acromegaly at 30 years of age or younger (329 patients). Sixteen centers participated and 91 patients consented to AIPmut analysis.

Intervention:
DNA was analyzed by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification

Main outcome Measures:
The number of patients with AIPmut was measured.

Results:
Five patients had either a mutation (c.490C&gt;T, c.844C&gt;T, and c.911G&gt;A, three males) or gross deletions of exons 1 and 2 of the AIP gene (n = 2, one female). The overall frequency of an AIPmut was 5.5%, and 2.3% or 2.4% in patients with an apparently sporadic adenoma or macroadenoma, respectively. By contrast, three of four patients (75%) with a positive family history were tested positive for an AIPmut. Except for a positive family history, there were no significant differences between patients with and without an AIPmut.

Conclusions:
The frequency of AIPmut in this registry-based cohort of young patients with acromegaly is lower than previously reported. Patients with a positive family history should be tested for an AIPmut, whereas young patients without an apparent family history should be screened, depending on the individual cost to benefit ratio.
Functional gait assessment: Reliability and validity in people with peripheral vestibular disorders
Authors: Nilsagård Ylva , Kollén Lena , Axelsson Hans , Bjerlemo Berit , Forsberg Anette 
Published: August 2014

Background/aim Reliable and valid measures evaluating imbalance during walking are important for targeting rehabilitation efforts. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) in people with peripheral vestibular disorder. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design and tested the reliability and validity of the FGA in 43 participants with peripheral vestibular disorder. The participants' performance on the FGA was filmed. To test intra-rater reliability, three raters reassessed 39 of these participants using the video uptakes. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by five raters analysing the video uptakes. Concurrent validity was investigated using timed measures of dynamic balance and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. Results The intra-rater reliability for the FGA score was high, with a intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC (model 2,1)=0.94 (95% Cl=0.85; 0.97). The intra-rater percentage of agreement for all raters for separate items was moderate to high, and weighted kappa was good to very good, ranging from 0.61 for change in speed to 0.95 for stair climbing. The inter-rater reliability was ICC (model 2,1)=0.73 (95% Cl=0.49; 0.86). Agreement for two random raters was 45–92%. Weighted kappa was fair to very good, ranging from 0.27 for change in speed to 0.87 for walking with a narrow base of support. The internal consistency was high (α=0.88). Gait with eyes closed had the lowest item-to-total (0.33) and item-to-item (<0.30) correlation. Concurrent validity was moderate to strong (rho=0.50–0.76) with the highest correlation coefficient for the Timed Up and Go test. Conclusions The FGA is a reliable and valid measure in people with peripheral vestibular disorder. For improving internal consistency, removal of the item ‘gait with eyes closed’ may be considered.
Tightening of healing abutments: influence of torque on bacterial proliferation risk, an in vitro investigation
Authors: Bousquet Philippe , Bennasar Isabelle Calas , Tramini Paul , Jacquemot Maxime , Cuisinier Frédéric 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGap at the implant-healing abutment junction can increase the risk of bacterial proliferation. In this study, we determined the leakage at the microgap, and we evaluated hand screwing among clinicians.The torques tested with nitrogen gas flow were 10, 15, 20, and 30 N cm, and 54 clinicians were asked to torque down a healing abutment as for a surgical procedure.There were no significant differences between 10 and 15 N cm, with a total lack of tightness. For 20 and 30 N cm, there was a notable decrease in leakage. The torque achieved by hand was <10 N cm for 61.7% of the clinicians, between 10 and 15 N cm for 29.1%, between 15 and 20 N cm for 8.0%, and between 20 and 25 N cm for 1.2%.There was a significant difference related to the strength of tightening. Under the conditions of our experiment, the gap of connection was reduced with a torque of ≥20 N cm. Only a small portion of the clinicians could obtain these values by hand. Therefore, a dynamometrical manual wrench should be used to minimize the gap during the osseointegration period.
Novel heterozygous IGF1R mutation in two brothers with developing impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Burkhardt Sebastian , Gesing Julia , Kapellen Thomas M. , Kovacs Peter , Kratzsch Jürgen , Schlicke Marina , Stobbe Heike , Tönjes Anke , Klammt Jürgen , Pfäffle Roland 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInfants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at risk to develop metabolic complications. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) resistance due to IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) mutations is a rare genetic condition that causes proportionate growth retardation. The contribution of an impaired IGF1R function to the development of comorbidities such as disturbed glucose homeostasis is not well understood. Genetic analysis and detailed auxological, endocrine and psychological investigations in two male SGA siblings were performed. The two patients and their father bear a novel heterozygous mutation (p.Cys1248Tyr) in the
Severe Complications in Influenza-like Illnesses
Authors: Mistry Rakesh D. , Fischer Jason B. , Prasad Priya A. , Coffin Susan E. , Alpern Elizabeth R. 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Data on complications from upper respiratory infection are limited. We examined development of severe complications in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) for moderate to severe influenza-like illness (ILI).

METHODS:
Prospective cohort study of children 0 to 19 years presenting to a tertiary care children's hospital ED during peak respiratory viral seasons from 2008 to 2010. Subjects included had moderate to severe ILI, defined by performance of venipuncture and nasopharyngeal multiplex polymerase chain reaction for respiratory viruses. Severe complications (respiratory failure, encephalopathy, seizures, pneumonia, bacteremia, death) were prospectively determined. Risk factors for severe complications were collected, including demographics, comorbidities, and household exposures.

RESULTS:
There were 241 enrolled subjects with median age of 27.4 months (interquartile range 8.9–68.5); 59.3% were boys and 48.5% were black. High-risk conditions were present in 53.5%. Severe complications developed in 35.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.3–41.3), most frequently pneumonia (26.1%). The risk for severe complications was increased in subjects with neurologic or neuromuscular conditions (relative risk 4.0; 95% CI 1.9–8.2). No specific respiratory virus was associated with development of severe complications. Among patients with influenza, severe complications were greater with subtype H1N1 infection (relative risk 1.45, 95% CI 0.99–2.13, P = .048), and were at highest risk for pneumonia (relative risk 4.2, 95% CI 1.2–15.9).

CONCLUSION:
In children presenting to the ED for moderate to severe ILI, those with neurologic and neuromuscular disease are at increased risk for severe complications. Development of severe complications did not differ by infecting virus; however, risk of severe complications was greater with subtype H1N1 compared with other influenza.
Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Bulk Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Weertman J.R. , Farkas D. , Hemker K. , Kung H. , Mayo M. , Mitra R. , Swygenhoven H. Van 
Published: August 2014

The reduction of grain size to the nanometer range (˜2-100 nm) has led to many interesting materials properties, including those involving mechanical behavior. In the case of metals, the Hall-Petch equation, which relates the yield stress to the inverse square root of the grain size, predicts great increases in strength with grain refinement. On the other hand, theory indicates that the high volume fraction of interfacial regions leads to increased deformation by grain-boundary sliding in metals with grain size in the low end of the nanocrystalline range. Nanocrystalline ceramics also have desirable properties. Chief among these are lower sintering temperatures and enhanced strain to failure. These two properties acting in combination allow for some unique applications, such as low-temperature diffusion bonding (the direct joining of ceramics to each other using moderate temperatures and pressures). Mechanical properties sometimes are affected by the fact that ceramics in a fine-grained form are stable in a different (usually higher pressure) phase than that which is considered “normal” for the ceramic. To the extent that the mechanical properties of a ceramic are dependent on its crystal-lographic structure, these differences will become evident at the smaller size scales.It is uncertain how deformation takes place in very fine-grained nanocrystalline materials. It has been recognized for some time that the Hall-Petch relationship, which usually is explained on the basis of dislocation pileups at grain boundaries, must break down at grain sizes such that a grain cannot support a pileup. Even some of the basic assumptions of dislocation theory may no longer be appropriate in this size regime. Recently considerable progress has been made in simulating the behavior of extremely fine-grained metals under stress using molecular-dynamics techniques. Molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of deformation in nanophase Ni and Cu were carried out in the temperature range of 300–500 K, at constant applied uniaxial tensile stresses between 0.05 GPa and 1.5 GPa, on samples with average grain sizes ranging from 3.4 nm to 12 nm.