bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulation, retention, and mixing of waters within the Weddell‐Scotia Confluence, Southern Ocean: The role of stratified Taylor columns
Authors: Meredith Michael P. , Meijers Andrew S. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Brown Peter J. , Venables Hugh J. , Abrahamsen E. Povl , Jullion Loïc , Messias Marie‐José 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe waters of the Weddell‐Scotia Confluence (WSC) lie above the rugged topography of the South Scotia Ridge in the Southern Ocean. Meridional exchanges across the WSC transfer water and tracers between the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) to the north and the subpolar Weddell Gyre to the south. Here, we examine the role of topographic interactions in mediating these exchanges, and in modifying the waters transferred. A case study is presented using data from a free‐drifting, intermediate‐depth float, which circulated anticyclonically over Discovery Bank on the South Scotia Ridge for close to 4 years. Dimensional analysis indicates that the local conditions are conducive to the formation of Taylor columns. Contemporaneous ship‐derived transient tracer data enable estimation of the rate of isopycnal mixing associated with this column, with values of O(1000 m2/s) obtained. Although necessarily coarse, this is of the same order as the rate of isopycnal mixing induced by transient mesoscale eddies within the ACC. A picture emerges of the Taylor column acting as a slow, steady blender, retaining the waters in the vicinity of the WSC for lengthy periods during which they can be subject to significant modification. A full regional float data set, bathymetric data, and a Southern Ocean state estimate are used to identify other potential sites for Taylor column formation. We find that they are likely to be sufficiently widespread to exert a significant influence on water mass modification and meridional fluxes across the southern edge of the ACC in this sector of the Southern Ocean.
Measurement standards for human metacarpals
Authors: Case D. Troy , Rawlins Callie M. , Mick Charlotte B. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTStandards for measuring the metacarpals are absent from commonly used osteometric guides. Perhaps the closest to a set of standard measurements in common use today are those proposed by Scheuer and Elkington (Scheuer and Elkington: J Forensic Sci 38 (1993) 769–788) for forensic sex assessment. They include caliper measurements of interarticular length, base and head width, base and head height, and maximum midshaft diameter. Over the last decade, a new set of measurements that encompass similar dimensions to those used by Scheuer and Elkington, but which are taken with a mini‐osteometric board (MOB) have been developed by the lead author. Use of the MOB avoids the need to manipulate both the bone and calipers in three‐dimensional space and causes less strain on the hands. However, the question of intra‐ and interobserver accuracy has not been adequately addressed for either set of measurements. The purpose of this study was to test both the Scheuer/Elkington and MOB measurements on 20 hands from 10 anatomical skeletons for intra‐ and inter‐observer accuracy. The study found that 92% of the MOB measures had a lower intraobserver error, and 88% had a lower interobserver error than did the caliper measurements. It also found that the maximum midshaft diameter measurement used by Scheuer and Elkington is more repeatable than a mediolateral diameter. Overall, 88% of the 25 MOB measurements had median intraobserver error rates of under 1.5%, compared with 60% of the caliper measurements. Furthermore, the MOB measurements as a set were taken 10 to 12% faster than the caliper measurements. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:322–329, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled Release of Encapsulated Bioactive Volatiles by Rupture of the Capsule Wall through the Light‐Induced Generation of a Gas
Authors: Paret Nicolas , Trachsel Alain , Berthier Damien L. , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe encapsulation of photolabile 2‐oxoacetates in core–shell microcapsules allows the light‐induced, controlled release of bioactive compounds. On irradiation with UVA light these compounds degrade to generate an overpressure of gas inside the capsules, which expands or breaks the capsule wall. Headspace measurements confirmed the light‐induced formation of CO and CO2 and the successful release of the bioactive compound, while optical microscopy demonstrated the formation of gas bubbles, the cleavage of the capsule wall, and the leakage of the oil phase out of the capsule. The efficiency of the delivery system depends on the structure of the 2‐oxoacetate, the quantity used with respect to the thickness of the capsule wall, and the intensity of the irradiating UVA light.
Tunable Photoluminescence Across the Entire Visible Spectrum from Carbon Dots Excited by White Light
Authors: Hu Shengliang , Trinchi Adrian , Atkin Paul , Cole Ivan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlthough reports have shown shifts in carbon dot emission wavelengths resulting from varying the excitation wavelength, this excitation‐dependent emission does not constitute true tuning, as the shifted peaks have much weaker intensity than their dominant emission, and this is often undesired in real world applications. We report for the first time the synthesis and photoluminescence properties of carbon dots whose peak fluorescence emission wavelengths are tunable across the entire visible spectrum by simple adjustment of the reagents and synthesis conditions, and these carbon dots are excited by white light. Detailed material characterization has revealed that this tunable emission results from changes in the carbon dots’ chemical composition, dictated by dehydrogenation reactions occurring during carbonization. These significantly alter the nucleation and growth process, resulting in dots with either more oxygen‐containing or nitrogen‐containing groups that ultimately determine their photoluminescence properties, which is in stark contrast to previous observations of carbon dot excitation‐dependent fluorescence. This new ability to synthesize broadband excitable carbon dots with tunable peak emissions opens up many new possibilities, particularly in multimodal sensing, in which multiple analytes and processes could be monitored simultaneously by associating a particular carbon dot emission wavelength to a specific chemical process without the need for tuning the excitation source.
Asolectin from soybeans as a natural compatibilizer for cellulose‐reinforced biocomposites from tung oil
Authors: Johns Ashley , Morris Steven , Edwards Kyle , Quirino Rafael Lopes 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe free radical copolymerization of tung oil, divinylbenzene, and n‐butyl methacrylate results in bio‐based thermosetting polymers with tunable properties. Biocomposites have been obtained by the reinforcement of such bio‐based resins with α‐cellulose. Asolectin from soybeans consists of a mixture of natural, polyunsaturated phospholipids. Because of its long, unsaturated fatty acid chains, and the presence of phosphate and ammonium groups, asolectin from soybeans is a good candidate for acting as a natural compatibilizer between the hydrophobic matrix and the hydrophilic reinforcement. In the current work, we investigate the changes in properties resulting from the addition of asolectin to a tung oil‐based polymer reinforced with α‐cellulose. An evaluation of the cure‐kinetics of the tung oil‐based resin has been conducted by dielectric analysis (DEA), and the final biocomposites have been thoroughly characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Soxhlet extraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41833.
Preparation and investigation of sodium alginate nanocapsules by different microemulsification devices
Authors: Ghayempour Soraya , Mortazavi Sayed Majid 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTNumerous techniques of preparation have been reported for the encapsulation of the core material, but the microemulsion technique is the most effective and commonly used for encapsulation. In this article, three microemulsification devices including ultrasonic stirrer, labo ratory reactor, and mechanical stirrer were used to produce the alginate nanocapsules containing peppermint oil. The effect of different parameters on surface morphology, mean particle size, and size distributions were investigated. The results indicated that the ultrasonic stirrer is the best device to make the nanocapsules containing essential oils prepared by microemulsion method, so that the size of nanocapsules prepared by ultrasonic stirrer was about 56 nm. Also, the results of GC‐MS, FTIR, and TGA show that quantities of the remaining compounds in nanocapsules prepared by ultrasonic stirrer are higher than other devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41904.
Effect of Chloride Passivation on Recombination Dynamics in CdTe Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Espinobarro‐Velazquez Daniel , Leontiadou Marina A. , Page Robert C. , Califano Marco , O'Brien Paul , Binks David J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) can be used in conjunction with organic charge‐transporting layers to produce light‐emitting diodes, solar cells and other devices. The efficacy of CQDs in these applications is reduced by the non‐radiative recombination associated with surface traps. Here we investigate the effect on the recombination dynamics in CdTe CQDs of the passivation of these surface traps by chloride ions. Radiative recombination dominates in these passivated CQDs, with the radiative lifetime scaling linearly with CQD volume over τr=20–55 ns. Before chloride passivation or after exposure to air, two non‐radiative components are also observed in the recombination transients, with sample‐dependent lifetimes typically of less than 1 ns and a few ns. The non‐radiative dynamics can be explained by Auger‐mediated trapping of holes and the lifetimes of this process calculated by an atomistic model are in agreement with experimental values if assuming surface oxidation of the CQDs.
Unified analysis of EGC diversity over Weibull fading channels
Authors: El Bouanani Faissal , Ben‐Azza Hussain 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn this paper, the performance analysis based on PDF approach of an L‐branch equal gain combiner (EGC) over independent and not necessarily identical Weibull fading channels is presented. Several closed‐form approximate expressions are derived in terms of only one Fox H‐function as PDF, cumulative distribution function, and moments of the EGC output Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), outage probability, amount of fading, channel capacity, and the average symbol error rate for various digital modulation schemes. All results are illustrated and verified by simulations using computer algebra systems.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of (1,3‐Dioxan‐4‐yl)pyrimidine and Purin Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Battisti Umberto M. , Sorbi Claudia , Quotadamo Antonio , Franchini Silvia , Tait Annalisa , Schols Dominique , Jeong Lak Shin , Lee Sang Kook , Song Jayoung , Brasili Livio 
Published: January 2015

Abstract(1,3‐Dioxan‐4‐yl)‐substituted nucleoside analogues, higher homologues of antiviral and anticancer 1,3‐dioxolanes, were prepared from the key intermediate (4‐acetoxy‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐yl)methyl benzoate and silylated bases. Glycosylation, carried out under Vorbrüggen conditions in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) as a catalyst, afforded the desired compounds with high stereoselectivity and regioselectivity, with only the desired β‐anomeric N‐1 pyrimidine and N‐9 purin nucleosides being obtained. 1H NMR experiments established that the β‐anomers were diequatorial, and this assignment was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Despite their structural similarities with natural nucleosides, none of the synthesized nucleosides showed antiviral activity.
Influence of pre‐cooking protein paste gelation conditions and post‐cooking gel storage conditions on gel texture
Authors: Paker Ilgin , Matak Kristen E 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDGelation conditions affect the setting of myofibrillar fish protein gels. Therefore the impact of widely applied pre‐cooking gelation time/temperature strategies and post‐cooking period on the texture and color of final protein gels was determined. Four pre‐cooking gelation strategies (no setting time, 30 min at 25 °C, 1 h at 40 °C or 24 h at 4 °C) were applied to protein pastes (fish protein concentrate and standard functional additives). After cooking, texture and color were analyzed either directly or after 24 h at 4 °C on gels adjusted to 25 °C.RESULTSNo‐set gels were harder, gummier and chewier (P < 0.05) when analyzed immediately after cooling; however, gel chewiness, cohesiveness and firmness indicated by Kramer force benefited from 24 h at 4 °C gel setting when stored post‐cooking. Gel‐setting conditions had a greater (P < 0.05) effect on texture when directly analyzed and most changes occurred in no‐set gels. There were significant (P < 0.05) changes between directly analyzed and post‐cooking stored gels in texture and color, depending on the pre‐cooking gelation strategy.CONCLUSIONPre‐cooking gelation conditions will affect final protein gel texture and color, with gel stability benefiting from a gel‐setting period. However, post‐cooking storage may have a greater impact on final gels, with textural attributes becoming more consistent between all samples. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term remission of recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) after Rituximab in children and young adults
Authors: Wieland Ivonne , Kentouche Karim , Jentzsch Madlen , Lothschütz Daniela , Graf Norbert , Sykora Karl‐Walter 
Published: January 2015

IntroductionAcquired thrombotic‐thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies directed against the von Willebrand metalloprotease. Depletion of B‐cells can prevent synthesis of this antibody and presumably induce remission of the disease. In adults, Rituximab (RTX) was effective in relapsed or refractory acute idiopathic TTP.ProcedureWe report the long‐term follow‐up of five children and two adolescents (age at diagnosis 6–19 years, median 15 years) who were treated with RTX for recurrent or refractory TTP. Some of the patients suffered from recurrent refractory TTP with long histories of previous unsuccessful treatments. One had TTP associated with pancreatitis.ResultsThree patients have been in complete remission after one treatment course with RTX. Four relapsed after 1 to 5 years, respectively, and responded to additional courses of RTX. One of them is in long‐term remission after a third course of RTX and splenectomy. Compared to literature reports with a median follow up of 1.4 years (3–46 month), follow‐up of our patients after treatment with RTX was very long (2–12.7 years, median 7.7 years). RTX therapy could induce long‐term remissions in children with refractory recurrent TTP. Median duration of remission was longer and relapses per patient‐years less frequent in patients receiving RTX compared to patients not receiving it. Remissions were achieved in children within one week, much faster than in adults.ConclusionBecause of the rapid induction of remissions, RTX may be suitable for first‐line therapy in pediatric acquired antibody‐mediated TTP. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:823–829. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early development of human lymphomas in a prostate cancer xenograft program using triple knock‐out Immunocompromised mice
Authors: Wetterauer Christian , Vlajnic Tatjana , Schüler Julia , Gsponer Joel R. , Thalmann George N. , Cecchini Marco , Schneider Julia , Zellweger Tobias , Pueschel Heike , Bachmann Alexander , Ruiz Christian , Dirnhofer Stephan , Bubendorf Lukas , Rentsch Cyrill A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is an urgent need for preclinical models of prostate cancer; however, clinically relevant patient‐derived prostate cancer xenografts (PDXs) are demanding to establish.MethodsSixty‐seven patients who were undergoing palliative transurethral surgery or radical prostatectomy for histologically confirmed, clinically relevant prostate cancer were included in the study. Fresh prostate cancer tissue was identified by frozen analysis in 48 patients. The cancer tissue was transplanted subcutaneously and under the renal capsule of NSG and NOG mice supplemented with human testosterone. All growing PDXs were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry.ResultsEarly assessment of the animals at least three months after transplantation included 27/48 (56.3%) eligible PDX cohorts. PDX growth was detected in 10/27 (37%) mouse cohorts. Eight of the ten PDXs were identified as human donor derived lymphomas, including seven Epstein Barr virus (EBV)‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas and one EBV‐negative peripheral T‐cell lymphoma. One sample consisted of benign prostatic tissue, and one sample comprised a benign epithelial cyst. Prostate cancer was not detected in any of the samples.ConclusionsTumors that arise within the first three months after prostate cancer xenografting may represent patient‐derived EBV‐positive lymphomas in up to 80% of the early growing PDXs when using triple knockout NSG immunocompromised mice. Therefore, lymphoma should be excluded in prostate cancer xenografts that do not resemble typical prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostate 75: 585–592, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CYP3A5 regulates prostate cancer cell growth by facilitating nuclear translocation of AR
Authors: Mitra Ranjana , Goodman Oscar B. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUNDThe central role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling is established in prostate cancer growth and progression. We propose CYP3A5 is part of a feedback loop that modulates the sensitivity of AR to androgen exposure. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of AR expression by CYP3A5.METHODSTo identify the role of CYP3A5 in regulating AR signaling, CYP3A5 protein expression was inhibited using CYP3A5 siRNA and azamulin. Both cell fractionation and immunocytochemical approaches in combination with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and R1881 treatment were used to evaluate changes in AR nuclear translocation.RESULTSCYP3A5 siRNA blocked growth of LNCaP and C4–2 cells by 30–60% (P ≤ 0.005). Azamulin, a CYP3A pharmacologic inhibitor, reduced the growth of LNCaP, C4–2 and 22RV1 lines by ∼40% (P ≤ 0.005). CYP3A5 siRNA inhibited growth in response to DHT and R1881 treatment in LNCaP and C4–2 by decreasing nuclear AR localization and resulting in diminished PSA and TMPRSS2 expression. Decreased AR nuclear localization resulting from CYP3A5 inhibition resulted in growth inhibition comparable to IC60 and IC40 of bicalutamide in LNCaP and C4–2 cell lines. Conversely, the CYP3A inducer rifampicin enhanced AR nuclear localization.CONCLUSIONAs CYP3A5 regulates the nuclear translocation of AR; co‐targeting CYP3A5 may provide a novel strategy for enhancing the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy. Consequentially, these data suggest that concomitant medications may impact androgen deprivation therapy's efficacy. Prostate 75: 527–538, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mite-Allergic Rhinitis: How to Evaluate Clinical Efficacy in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Trials?
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Gerth van Wijk Roy 
Published: January 2015

Opinion statement
House dust mite (HDM) allergen exposure is the most important cause of perennial allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Although allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) with HDM is well established, published studies have been characterized by substantial heterogeneity in clinical endpoints. Standardization in measuring clinical efficacy is required. Moreover, when designing an AIT trial with HDM allergens, several considerations have to be taken into account. The history of HDM allergy is less clear cut than the typical history of pollen allergy. In addition, clinical features of HDM allergy may differ from those of pollen allergy. Moreover, although not easily measurable, fluctuation in allergen exposure may cause variation in symptom severity and determine the timing of assessment of clinical effects of HDM AIT.
Key points
1. A combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) is recommended as standard for the primary endpoint in future house dust mite (HDM) allergen-specific immunotherapy trials.
2. The diagnosis of HDM allergy is based on a carefully taken history in combination with sensitization to HDM allergens.
3. Eye symptoms are less prominent in patients with HDM-induced allergic rhinitis. Nasal symptoms, but not eye symptoms, should be included in the CSMS and in symptom scores as well.
4. As methods to determine allergen exposure vary and the efficacy of environmental control is a matter of debate, a practical approach consists of restraining patients from implementing HDM-reducing measures, such as removing carpets and introducing anti-mite covers, after the start of the study.
5. Efficacy evaluation in the period with the highest exposure to mites is recommended.
Suicide attempt rates and intervention effects in women of Turkish origin in Berlin
Authors: Aichberger M.C. , Heredia Montesinos A. , Bromand Z. , Yesil R. , Temur-Erman S. , Rapp M.A. , Heinz A. , Schouler-Ocak M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurpose:Ethnic minority groups show elevated suicide attempt rates across Europe. Evidence suggests a similar trend for women of Turkish origin in Germany, yet data on suicidal behaviour in minorities in Germany is scarce. The objective was to examine rates of suicidal behaviour, underlying motives, and to explore the effectiveness of an intervention program.Methods:From 05/2009–09/2011, data on all suicide attempts among women of Turkish origin who presented at a hospital-based emergency unit in Berlin, Germany, were collected. A multi-modal intervention was conducted in 2010 and the effects of age, generation and the intervention on suicide attempt rates were examined.Results:At the start, the highest rate was found in women aged 18–24 years with 225.4 (95% CI = 208.8–242.0)/100,000. Adjustment disorder was the most prevalent diagnosis with 49.7% (n = 79), being more common in second-generation women (P = .004). Further analyses suggested an effect of the intervention in the youngest age group (trend change of ß = –1.25; P = .017).Conclusion:Our findings suggest a particularly high rate of suicide attempts by 18–24-year-old, second-generation women of Turkish origin in Berlin. Furthermore, our results suggest a trend change in suicide attempts in women aged 18–24 years related to a population-based intervention program.