bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of biometric tools for quantitative gait analysis in Holstein calves
Authors: Wheeler Carrie A. , White Brad J. , Anderson David E. , Amrine David E. , Larson Robert L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To assess biometric tools for gait analysis in healthy calves by use of pressure mat sensors, a handheld algometer, and serial circumferential measurements of selected joints.
Animals—20 six- to eight-week-old healthy male Holstein calves.
Procedures—Calves were evaluated over a 4-day period. Gait analysis was performed by training calves to walk over a pressure-sensitive mat, which recorded quantitative measurements. An algometer was applied perpendicular to each joint until an aversion response was observed or a preset limit of 50 N/cm2 was obtained. Circumference measurements of the carpal and tarsal joints were obtained by the application of a flexible measuring tape to defined areas of each limb. Variability between joint circumference measurements and pressure mat variables were analyzed with a standard least squares means model. Algometer measurements were dichotomized, and logistic regression was used to assess the probability that a calf reacted to algometer-applied pressure.
Results—1 calf was removed from the study because of lameness. Mean carpal and tarsal joint circumference measurements were reliable and consistent among calves. Algometry results suggested that healthy calves were more sensitive to pressure applied to the elbow and stifle joints, compared with pressure applied to the carpal, tarsal, and metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joints. Pressure mat variables of stance time and stride velocity varied greatly among calves, whereas impulse and maximum forces varied little.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings can serve as reference points for other studies and be used for comparison with results for calves with lameness or altered gaits.
Impact of two conceptual precipitation downscaling schemes on mass-balance modeling of Gran Campo Nevado ice cap, Patagonia
Authors: Weidemann Stephanie , Sauter Tobias , Schneider Lars , Schneider Christoph 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrecipitation downscaling in mountainous regions with sparse station data is challenging, but needed to link global climate datasets with high-resolution glacier models. In this study, we apply a linear orographic precipitation model (OPM) to generate orographic precipitation fields for mass-balance studies at Gran Campo Nevado (GCN), Southern Patagonia. The OPM is driven by large-scale atmospheric input variables taken from the reanalysis data of the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the US National Center for Atmospheric Research. The orographic precipitation fields are compared to precipitation fields assessed by a linear precipitation gradient, widely used in earlier mass-balance studies of GCN and elsewhere. Both downscaling methods are implemented into a degree-day model to analyze the sensitivity of mass-balance modeling to different precipitation inputs. Significant spatio-temporal differences are found, particularly in the summit region. The mass-balance modeling shows high sensitivity to the different precipitation distribution methods, leading to differences in the mass-balance gradients on the east side of GCN.
Quand les normes d'avancée en âge amplifient les oppressions de sexe « bien-vieillir-chez-soi » en zone péri-urbanisée
Authors: Voléry Ingrid 
Published: October 2013

AGEING COMFORTABLY AT HOME IN PERIURBAN AREAS : WHEN THE CONVENTIONS REGARDING AGEING INCREASE SEXUAL PRESSURES This paper looks into the experiences involved in growing old at home in the light of two intersecting variables : “sex” and “territory”. Drawing on interviews with men and women over 75 and their circles, the paper demonstrates that growing old at home can intensify the sexualisation of the ageing experience : by partitioning-off the living conditions and forms of assistance that men and women can benefit from ; and by placing ageing women in the dilemma of remaining sexually active or leaving their partners. It shows, too, that these sexual imbalances can, in some case, be exacerbated by the cultural, demographic, economic and social characteristics of the territories those concerned live in.
Les dilemmes des nouveaux partis face à la participation à la première élection pluraliste post-autoritaire. Retour sur un impensé à partir du cas algérien
Authors: Aït-Aoudia Myriam 
Published: October 2013

Cet article examine un aspect délaissé des recherches sur les « transitions démocratiques » : les dilemmes des nouveaux partis face à la participation à la première élection libre. Leur analyse permet de mettre au jour les conditions de présélection de l’offre partisane en contexte de démocratisation précipitée. À partir du cas algérien, nous montrerons que cette participation ne va pas de soi pour des acteurs dépourvus de toute expérience électorale et qui ne disposent que d’un délai très serré pour s’engager dans une série d’activités pour eux inédites - sélectionner de nombreux candidats sur l’ensemble du territoire national, établir des dossiers de candidature et organiser une campagne électorale – même s’ils bénéficient pour beaucoup d’une expérience militante dans l’opposition qui leur sera particulièrement utile.
Pluralisme culturel et régime(s) politique(s). Un essai de comparaison Afrique/monde arabe
Authors: Otayek René 
Published: October 2013

Contrairement à ce qu’on pourrait penser, la régulation du pluralisme culturel (ethnique, religieux, confessionnel, linguistique...) n’est pas le monopole des régimes démocratiques ; les régimes autoritaires, aussi, y sont tenus car il y va souvent de leur stabilité et de leur légitimité. La régulation en situation autoritaire est en effet une ressource stratégique qui permet d’obtenir l’obéissance et le consentement à la domination. La longévité des régimes autoritaires en Afrique et dans le monde arabe, notamment sa partie moyen-orientale, lui doit sans doute beaucoup, même si elle ne les immunise pas totalement et indéfiniment contre la contestation. In fine, cet impératif de régulation tend à brouiller quelque peu la frontière entre régime démocratique et régime autoritaire.
Protester/mobiliser/ne pas consentir. Sur quelques avatars de la sociologie des mobilisations appliquée au continent africain
Authors: Siméant-Germanos Johanna 
Published: October 2013

Cet article examine le développement récent de travaux inspirés de la sociologie des mobilisations sur le continent africain. À rebours d’une nouvelle célébration du « désenclavement » des études africaines, il souligne, malgré l’intérêt du regard porté aux mobilisations, plusieurs points aveugles de cette littérature qui néglige certains héritages des approches par le bas et les résistances, à la sensibilité plus historienne et plus ethnographique. Il souligne l’importance de distinguer analytiquement protestation, mobilisation et dissentiment, et d’arrimer au mieux les formes de mobilisation à leur substrat social. De façon très féconde pour qui voudrait saisir les transitions par le bas, les observateurs des autoritarismes et des accommodements à ces derniers ont peut-être mieux été à même de traiter avec prudence le déploiement de révoltes comme celles qu’a connues l’Afrique du Nord depuis le début des années 2010.
Dispersión del comportamiento energético residencial; revisión de viviendas en el centro-sur de Chile
Authors: García Alvarado Rodrigo , Herrera Ojeda Rodrigo , Soto Muñoz Jaime 
Published: October 2013

La necesidad de reducir los consumos de energía residencial requiere conocer cabalmente las condiciones habitacionales. Este artículo analiza viviendas en la zona Centro-Sur de Chile detectando una dispersión espacial de los comportamientos energéticos, que contrasta con la homogeneidad de las acciones públicas. Se presenta una revisión integral de cuarenta casos en el principal sector urbano de la zona (el área metropolitana del Gran Concepción) y se comparan con estadísticas y regionales y nacionales; revisando condiciones constructivas, de equipamiento ocupación, así como antecedentes gráficos y entrevistas, que reflejan una variedad formal y familiar, alejada de estereotipos y registros generales. Revelan una progresión habitacional y una diversidad de requerimientos energéticos. Proveyendo de este modo una estrategia de estudio que expresa la evolución residencial y puede ser aplicable a otras áreas, así como también otorgando nuevas visiones del comportamiento doméstico para enfrentar la crisis ambiental.
La necessitat de reduir els consums d’energia residencial requereix conèixer cabdalment les condicions habitacionals. Aquest article analitza habitatges a la zona Centre-Sud de Xile, detectant una dispersió espacial dels comportaments energètics que contrasta amb l’homogeneïtat de les accions públiques. Es presenta una revisió integral de quaranta casos en el principal sector urbà de la zona (l’àrea metropolitana de Gran Concepció) i es comparen amb estadístiques regionals i nacionals; revisant condicions constructives, d’equipament ocupació, així com antecedents gràfics i entrevistes que reflecteixen una varietat formal i familiar, allunyada d’estereotips i registres generals. Proveint d’aquesta forma una estratègia d’estudi que expressa l’evolució residencial i pot ésser aplicable a altres àrees, així com també atorgant noves visions del comportament domèstic per afrontar la crisi ambiental.
The need to reduce residential energy consumption necessitates full knowledge of housing conditions. This investigation analyzed dwellings in the south-central region of Chile. Spatial dispersion in energy behaviors was discovered, which contrasts with the homogeneity of public policy housing decisions. A comprehensive review is presented of forty houses in the Greater Concepcion Metropolitan Area, in comparison with national and regional statistics. An examination of building conditions and features, occupation data, photographic records and interviews, revealed formal and familial variety, which differ from stereotypes and general records. Findings demonstrate housing progression and diversity in energy needs. In this way, a research strategy was used that expresses residential evolution and can be applied in other areas, and provides a new vision of domestic behavior to confront the current environmental crisis.
Migration of additives toward the surface during aging of epoxy coating by infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Du Keli , Yang Guang , Yuan Zehong , Xu Wen , Liang Xiaofan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis research highlights the application of multi‐angle attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopy method in investigating the migration of additives from the bulk toward the surface which happens in the epoxy coating. Concentration profiles of additives such as low molecular polyamide 651 (LMPA 651) and 2,4,6 ‐ tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP‐30) were studied. Analysis of the shape of the additives concentration profiles revealed the existence of enrichment region and indicated the migration phenomenon of additives in epoxy coating during natural aging and accelerated aging processes. The changes of the additives concentration determined by the ATR‐IR method were consistent with the results obtained by FTIR analysis and gravimetric analysis. The result shows that the ATR‐IR method is very promising for investigating the surface chemical changes in epoxy coating due to its nondestructive testing, conveniency, and high efficiency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40051.
Recent advances in applications of capillary electrophoresis with Fourier transform convolution: application to kinetic study of hydrolysis of hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Maher Hadir M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis manuscript discusses the application of chemometrics to the handling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) response data using the internal standard method. Derivative treatment (D method) of CE response data was used. Furthermore, convolution of the resulting derivative curves using discrete Fourier functions, the so‐called D/FF method, was applied. This approach is extremely beneficial where ideal baseline separation of electrophoretic peaks cannot be achieved, as in the case of drug isomers, structural related impurities or degradation products. The potential of these methods for resolving overlapping peaks was evaluated using the hydrolysis of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) as an illustrative model. CE analysis was performed using a deactivated fused silica capillary (55 cm effective length and 75 µm i.d.), and background electrolyte solution consisted of phosphate buffer (20 mm, pH 8.0). Both chemometric methods allowed the determination of the intact drug (HCT) and its degraded form with high a degree of accuracy and precision. This was found to be beneficial in studying the degradation kinetics of hydrolysis of HCT at different temperatures. The corresponding pseudo‐first order rate constants and half‐lives were calculated. Finally, the proposed method made use of diode array detection as a tool for peak identity and purity confirmation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An HPTLC method for quantification of cholesteryl esters from human plasma and rat liver microsomes
Authors: Gandhi Hardik , Pal Palash , Giridhar Rajani , Yadav Mange Ram 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCholesteryl oleate present as a neutral lipid in low‐density lipoprotein has been speculated to be a biomarker for atherosclerosis. Methods which are at hand for the quantification of cholesteryl oleate are either costly or entail the use of radioactive compounds. Charring of TLC plates has been used to identify cholesteryl esters for a long time but has never been applied to quantification of cholesteryl esters in biological matrices. Here, we report a novel method based on planar chromatography for the analysis of the products of the acyl CoA–cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) assay, viz. cholesteryl esters. Using silica gel 60 F254 as stationary phase, compounds were spotted on the plate and run using a solvent system comprising n‐hexane–diethyl ether–glacial acetic acid (90:10:1, v/v/v). The plates were developed by dipping in anisaldehyde–sulfuric acid reagent and were scanned at 546 nm for quantification. The developed method shows good linear relationship in the concentration range of 100–500 ng/band with a correlation coefficient (r) value of 0.9996. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and robustness. Percentage recovery of the method was found to be in the range 96.88–103.01% with intra‐ and inter‐day precision analysis yielding <2% relative standard deviation at nominal concentrations for analysis. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 6.45 and 19.54 ng, respectively. The method was validated for robustness by making deliberate changes in mobile phase composition, volume and temperature of analysis, and the standard deviations of peak areas for these intentional changes were found to be 1.07, 1.02 and 1.30 respectively. The method was applied to the estimation of cholesteryl esters in plasma samples from patients diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. No interferences were found from the biological matrices used in the assay. The proposed method could be of immense potential for estimation of cholesteryl oleate as a marker of ACAT activity, for screening of ACAT inhibitors in drug discovery process and in the prognosis of atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of a Ni‐Based Catalyst on Bio‐Oil Upgrading under CO Atmosphere
Authors: Xu Q. , Zhang Z. , Yan Y. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA novel method of bio‐oil upgrading over Ni‐based catalysts under CO atmosphere and optimum conditions for a Ni/Cu/Zn/Al catalyst were determined. The oxygen content as well as the water content decreased significantly and the pH value of upgraded bio‐oil was higher than that of crude bio‐oil. The physical properties indicate that upgraded bio‐oil was more stable than crude bio‐oil.
Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols by Using a Completely Metal‐Free Catalytic System
Authors: Prebil Rok , Stavber Gaj , Stavber Stojan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA metal‐free reaction system of air, NH4NO3(cat), 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)(cat), and H+(cat) is introduced as a simple, safe, inexpensive, efficient and chemoselective mediator for aerobic oxidation of various primary and secondary benzyl and alkyl alcohols, including those bearing oxidizable heteroatoms (N, S, O) to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. Air oxygen under slight overpressure plays the role of the terminal oxidant, which is catalytically activated by redox cycles of nitrogen oxides released from a catalytic amount of NH4NO3 and cocatalyzed by TEMPO (nitroxyl radical compound), under acidic conditions, which are essential for an overall activation of the reaction system. The synthetic value of this reaction system and its green chemical profile was illustrated by a 10 g scale‐up experiment, performed in an open‐air system by using a renewable and reusable polymer‐supported form of TEMPO (OXYNITROX®S100). The reaction solvent was recovered by distillation under atmospheric pressure, and the pure final product was isolated under reduced pressure; the acid activators (HCl or H2SO4) were recovered as ammonium salts.
Influence of subaqueous processes on the construction and accumulation of an aeolian sand sheet
Authors: Basilici Giorgio , Dal' Bó Patrick Francisco Führ 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn aeolian sand sheets the interaction between aeolian and subaqueous processes is considered one of the principal factors that controls this depositional environment. To examine the role played by the subaqueous processes on the construction and accumulation of sand sheets, surface deposits and subsurface sedimentary sections of a currently active aeolian sand sheet, located in the Upper Tulum Valley (Argentina), have been examined. On the sand sheet surface, airflows enable the construction of nabkhas, wind‐rippled mantles (flattened accumulations of sand forming wind ripples), megaripples, and small transverse dunes. Subaqueous deposits consist of sandy current ripples covered by muddy laminae. The latter are generated by annual widespread but low‐energy floods that emanate from the nearby mountains in the aftermath of episodes of heavy precipitations. Deposits of subaqueous origin constitute 5% of the accumulated sand sheet thickness.The construction of the sand sheet is controlled by meteorological seasonal changes: the source area, the San Juan river alluvial fan, receives sediment by thaw‐waters in spring–summer; in fall–winter, when the water table lowers in the alluvial fan, the sediment is available for aeolian transport and construction of the sand sheet area. The flood events play an important role in enabling sand sheet accumulation: the muddy laminae serve to protect the underlying deposits from aeolian winnowing. Incipient cement of gypsum on the sand and vegetation cover acts as an additional stabilizing agent that promotes accumulation. Episodic and alternating events of erosion and sedimentation are considered the main reason for the absence of soils and palaeosols. Results from this study have enabled the development of a generic model with which to account for: (i) the influence of contemporaneous subaqueous processes on the construction and accumulation in recent and ancient sand sheets; and (ii) the absence of developed soils in this unstable topographic surface. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of life impacts on 16‐year survival of an older ethnically diverse cohort
Authors: Gurland Barry , Teresi Jeanne A. , Eimicke Joseph P. , Maurer Mathew S. , Reid M. Carrington 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the prediction of mortality, over 16 years, by the domains and domain elements underlying generic measures of quality of life (QoL).MethodsThe method used was an analysis of mortality in an older (65 + years) representative sample (N = 2130) of a multicultural community in North Manhattan. Five conventional QoL domains were measured by in‐home, rater‐administered, and computer‐assisted questionnaire: depressed mood, pain, self‐perceived health, and function and social relationships.ResultsSome domain scales that qualitatively express distress, such as depressed mood and widespread pain, significantly predicted lower mortality (were protective) and felt isolation trended in that direction, whereas domains indicating quantitative limitations such as impairment of functioning in daily tasks, stair climbing, as well as social disengagements and lack of support network significantly predicted higher mortality. Domain elements also mattered; contrary to their domain predictions, increased mortality was predicted by the domain elements of somatic symptoms of depression. Self‐perceived poor health reflected the predictive (higher mortality) direction of the limitations cluster.ConclusionsThe internal complexity of QoL is underscored by differential impacts of domains and elements on mortality. Clinical implications include setting distress domains as important clinical goals, whereas strengthening limiting domains could result in lengthening life and secondarily relieving distress. The relative weighting of these goals could be derived from patient preferences and clinical efficacy. Fundamental implications lie in the interaction between the person's qualitative evaluations of choices and the quantitative building of desired choices for a better QoL. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflamed benign tumors of the parotid gland: Diagnostic pitfalls from a potentially misleading entity
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Psychogios Georgios , Agaimy Abbas , Künzel Julian , Zenk Johannes , Iro Heinrich , Bohr Christopher 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate our experience in the diagnostic approach to inflamed benign tumors of the parotid gland at a single tertiary center.MethodsA retrospective evaluation was carried out for all patients with signs of inflammation in the parotid gland on the ground of a benign parotid tumor, as confirmed by permanent histology.ResultsSixteen patients were detected for our study. Histopathologic examination confirmed cystadenolymphoma in 11 cases (with metaplastic changes in 2 cases), 2 pleomorphic adenomas, 2 monomorphic adenomas, and 1 oncocytic cystadenoma. Diverse clinical signs (inflammation signs, facial palsy), ultrasound and MRI findings (poorly defined lesion margins), and the presence of squamous metaplastic changes on cytology often raised the suspicion of parotid malignancy or abscess.ConclusionIn most cases, a high suspicion index combined with close monitoring of the patient may allow prompt and successful diagnosis and therapy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 23–29, 2015