bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoflake‐Modulated La2Se3 Thin Films Prepared for an Asymmetric Supercapacitor Device
Authors: Patil Swati J. , Bulakhe Ravindra N. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLa2Se3 nanoflakes were prepared from an aqueous medium by means of a chemical‐bath deposition method and were later utilized as a supercapacitor electrode. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Raman (FT Raman), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and contact‐angle measurement techniques were used to study the structural, morphological, and wettability properties of La2Se3 films. The XRD study confirmed the cubic crystal structure of the La2Se3 film. The surface morphology and wettability studies revealed the nanoflake morphology with a hydrophilic surface, which could be beneficial to electrochemical reactions. The electrochemical performance of the La2Se3 nanoflakes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The La2Se3 nanoflake electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 331 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. An electrochemical impedance study confirmed that the La2Se3 nanoflake electrode has a better supercapacitive behavior in an aqueous electrolyte. The asymmetric supercapacitor device based on the La2Se3 electrode in aqueous electrolyte exhibited good specific capacitance, excellent charge/discharge properties, and superior long‐term cycling stability.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite with Oxidizable Manganese/Cobalt Mixed Oxide for p‐Cresol Oxidation by Using Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Jha Ajay , Patil Sagar H. , Solanki Bhanu P. , Ribeiro Ana P. C. , Castro Carlos A. N. , Patil Kashinath R. , Coronas Alberto , Rode Chandrashekhar V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA composite of graphene oxide (GO) with mixed oxide (MnCo) was prepared by using a solvothermal method. During the synthesis, both the reduction of GO and growth of metal oxides took place simultaneously. The as‐prepared composite material was highly selective for the liquid‐phase oxidation of p‐cresol to form p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde in 71 % yield within 1 h. The composite material was characterised by SEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high‐resolution TEM and cyclic voltammetry (CV). A CV study revealed that the increase in the redox potential of the mixed oxide after being supported on GO, led to its higher activity of the catalyst for the oxidation reaction. The stability of the catalyst under the reaction conditions was studied by its successful reuse in three cycles.
Phenolated Oleic Acid Based Polybenzoxazine Derivatives as Corrosion Protection Layers
Authors: Bălănucă Brindusa , Raicopol Matei , Maljusch Artjom , Garea Sorina , Hanganu Anamaria , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Andronescu Corina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBenzoxazine derivatives were synthesized using phenolated methyl oleate and either aniline, 1,6‐diaminohexane, or 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, respectively, as amine components. Polymerization of the benzoxazine derivatives led to the formation of hydrophobic and dense coatings on Zn‐Mg‐Al alloy coated steel sheets for passive corrosion protection. The polybenzoxazine coatings which are formed by crosslinking during a heat‐treatment step invoked a substantial anodic shift of the open‐circuit potential as well as the breakthrough potential in potentiodynamic measurements. The proposed polybenzoxazine derivatives pave the way for a new type of passive polymer protection system based on sustainably obtained precursor components.
Optimization and Insights into the Mechanism of Formation of Mechanically Interlocked Derivatives of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: de Juan Alberto , Mar Bernal M. , Pérez Emilio M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe mechanical bond provides a stable yet dynamic link between the submolecular components of mechanically interlocked molecules, such as rotaxanes and catenanes. We introduced the mechanical bond as a new tool for the chemical modification of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), producing the first mechanically interlocked derivatives of nanotubes (MINTs). To do so, we used U‐shaped molecules featuring two units of a SWNT‐recognition unit, which were cyclized around the SWNT by means of ring‐closing metathesis (RCM). Here we report optimized conditions for the synthesis of MINTs obtained by systematic investigation of the effect of the concentration of the U‐shaped molecule 1, reaction time, and catalyst concentration. Analysis of the data also provides insights into the mechanism of formation of MINTs. In particular, the effect of the concentration of 1 supports the formation of a 1⋅SWNT complex. The kinetic data follow a pseudo‐first‐order behavior that validates the RCM as the rate‐determining step. An excess of RCM catalyst leads to the formation of supramolecularly adsorbed linear oligomers of 1.
Alternative reproductive tactics in snail shell‐brooding cichlids diverge in energy reserve allocation
Authors: von Kuerthy Corinna , Tschirren Linda , Taborsky Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLife history theory predicts that the amount of resources allocated to reproduction should maximize an individual's lifetime reproductive success. So far, resource allocation in reproduction has been studied mainly in females. Intraspecific variation of endogenous energy storage and utilization patterns of males has received little attention, although these patterns may vary greatly between individuals pursuing alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). ARTs are characterized by systematic variation of behavioral, physiological, and often morphological traits among same‐sex conspecifics. Some individuals may rely on previously accumulated reserves, because of limited foraging opportunities during reproduction. Others may be able to continue foraging during reproduction, thus relying on reserves to a lesser extent. We therefore predicted that, if male tactics involve such divergent limitations and trade‐offs within a species, ARTs should correspondingly differ in energy reserve allocation and utilization. To test this prediction, we studied short‐term and long‐term reserve storage patterns of males in the shell‐brooding cichlid Lamprologus callipterus. In this species, bourgeois males investing in territory defense, courtship, and guarding of broods coexist with two distinct parasitic male tactics: (1) opportunistic sneaker males attempting to fertilize eggs by releasing sperm into the shell opening when a female is spawning; and (2) specialized dwarf males attempting to enter the shell past the spawning female to fertilize eggs from inside the shell. Sneaker males differed from other male types by showing the highest amount of accumulated short‐term and long‐term fat stores, apparently anticipating their upcoming adoption of the nest male status. In contrast, nest males depleted previously accumulated energy reserves with increasing nest holding period, as they invest heavily into costly reproductive behaviors while not taking up any food. This conforms to a capital breeder strategy. Dwarf males did not accumulate long‐term fat stores at all, which they can afford due to their small behavioral effort during reproduction and their continued feeding activity, conforming to an income breeder strategy. Our data confirm that the resource storage patterns of males pursuing ARTs can diverge substantially, which adds to our understanding of the coexistence and maintenance of alternative reproductive patterns within species.
Analyzing large‐scale conservation interventions with Bayesian hierarchical models: a case study of supplementing threatened Pacific salmon
Authors: Scheuerell Mark D. , Buhle Eric R. , Semmens Brice X. , Ford Michael J. , Cooney Tom , Carmichael Richard W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMyriad human activities increasingly threaten the existence of many species. A variety of conservation interventions such as habitat restoration, protected areas, and captive breeding have been used to prevent extinctions. Evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions requires appropriate statistical methods, given the quantity and quality of available data. Historically, analysis of variance has been used with some form of predetermined before‐after control‐impact design to estimate the effects of large‐scale experiments or conservation interventions. However, ad hoc retrospective study designs or the presence of random effects at multiple scales may preclude the use of these tools. We evaluated the effects of a large‐scale supplementation program on the density of adult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Snake River basin in the northwestern United States currently listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. We analyzed 43 years of data from 22 populations, accounting for random effects across time and space using a form of Bayesian hierarchical time‐series model common in analyses of financial markets. We found that varying degrees of supplementation over a period of 25 years increased the density of natural‐origin adults, on average, by 0–8% relative to nonsupplementation years. Thirty‐nine of the 43 year effects were at least two times larger in magnitude than the mean supplementation effect, suggesting common environmental variables play a more important role in driving interannual variability in adult density. Additional residual variation in density varied considerably across the region, but there was no systematic difference between supplemented and reference populations. Our results demonstrate the power of hierarchical Bayesian models to detect the diffuse effects of management interventions and to quantitatively describe the variability of intervention success. Nevertheless, our study could not address whether ecological factors (e.g., competition) were more important than genetic considerations (e.g., inbreeding depression) in determining the response to supplementation.
Plasma amino‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide as a predictor of late cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute lung disorders: a prospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Koskela Heikki O. , Salonen Päivi H. , Romppanen Jarkko , Hartikainen Juha 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimsPneumonia and acute exacerbations of obstructive lung diseases (AEOLD) are associated with a significant long‐term mortality. Elevated level of amino‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is a predictor of late all‐cause mortality in these disorders but the pathophysiological basis for this is unknown. The present study was conducted to define the predictive role of NT‐proBNP on late cardiovascular mortality among patients with acute lung disorders.Methods and resultsThis prospective, observational cohort study included 269 hospitalized patients with pneumonia or AEOLD. Plasma level of NT‐proBNP, age, sex, body mass index, arterial blood oxygen saturation, C‐reactive protein, and urea were recorded. The survival and causes of death were recorded after a median of six years. NT‐proBNP > 666 ng/mL was related to cardiovascular mortality with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.93 (1.19–7.18). This risk was of similar magnitude to that associated with diabetes and greater than that associated with arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. NT‐proBNP was also related to all‐cause mortality with adjusted hazard ratio of 2.39 (1.49–3.85) per 10 times increase in NT‐proBNP concentration. However, the association between NT‐proBNP and non‐cardiovascular mortality did not reach statistical significance [adjusted hazard ratio 1.89 (0.93–3.85)].ConclusionNT‐proBNP concentration during pneumonia or AEOLD was strongly associated with late cardiovascular mortality but not with non‐cardiovascular mortality. The results suggest that the increase in NT‐proBNP during acute lung disorders may reveal occult cardiac diseases arousing a question whether patients with acute pulmonary disorders with elevated NT‐proBNP levels should be subjected to further diagnostic or therapeutic cardiovascular interventions.
Rationale and design of a randomized, double‐blind, event‐driven, multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of oral rivaroxaban with placebo for reducing the risk of death, myocardial infarction or stroke in subjects with heart failure and significant coronary artery disease following an exacerbation of heart failure: the COMMANDER HF trial
Authors: Zannad Faiez , Greenberg Barry , Cleland John G.F. , Gheorghiade Mihai , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Mehra Mandeep R. , Anker Stefan D. , Byra William M. , Fu Min , Mills Roger M. 
Published: April 2015

AimsThrombin is a critical element of crosstalk between pathways contributing to worsening of established heart failure (HF). The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid compared with placebo (with standard care) after an exacerbation of HF in patients with reduced ejection fraction (HF‐rEF) and documented coronary artery disease.MethodsThis is an international prospective, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, event‐driven study of approximately 5000 patients for a targeted 984 events. Patients must have a recent symptomatic exacerbation of HF, increased plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides (B‐type natriuretic peptide ≥200 pg/mL or N‐terminal pro–B‐type natriuretic peptide ≥800 pg/mL), with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and coronary artery disease. Patients requiring anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation or other conditions will be excluded. After an index event (overnight hospitalization, emergency department or observation unit admission, or unscheduled outpatient parenteral treatment for worsening HF), patients will be randomized 1:1 to rivaroxaban or placebo (with standard of care). The primary efficacy outcome event is a composite of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke. The principal safety outcome events are the composite of fatal bleeding or bleeding into a critical space with potential permanent disability, bleeding events requiring hospitalization and major bleeding events according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis bleeding criteria.ConclusionCOMMANDER HF is the first prospective study of a target‐specific oral antithrombotic agent in HF. It will provide important information regarding rivaroxaban use following an HF event in an HF‐rEF patient population with coronary artery disease.
Contribution of phospholipids to the formation of fishy off‐odor and oxidative stability of soybean oil
Authors: Jiang Xiaofei , Jin Qingzhe , Wu Shimin , Wang Xingguo 
Published: April 2015

The present study identified that trimethylamine (TMA) was the major source of fishy off‐odor in soybean oil, and the component of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was responsible for its formation. The existence of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in soybean oil could retard the deterioration of PC under heat treatment. Soybean phospholipids (SP) produced better results than soybean phosphatidylcholine (NPC) in inhibiting soybean oil oxidation. And soybean phospholipids stripped off phosphatidylcholine (SPSPC) turned out to be the least effective. The synergistic effect of PC and other phospholipids components in soybean oil could enhance the antioxidant ability of individual phospholipids components. The addition of SP and SPSPC could significantly deepen the color of soybean oils under heat treatment, while NPC would not result in color deepening. We come to a conclusion that PC could be an antioxidant in oil system, but more attention should be paid to the formation of TMA in its further application.Practical applications: Knowledge of the effect of phospholipids on the formation of fishy off‐odor and oxidative stability in soybean oil is important, because it has been reported by many investigators that phospholipids can be used as a kind of natural antioxidants in oil system. The information of this work can help others to apply the phospholipids in oil industry more appropriately.Soybean oil with addition of phospholipids would generate fishy off‐odor during storage, we identified that phosphatidylcholine contained in phospholipids was responsible for the formation of trimethylamine (fishy off‐odor) in soybean oil.
‘Virtual lesion’ in pain research; a study on magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex
Authors: Granovsky Y. , Liem K.S. , Weissman‐Fogel I. , Yarnitsky D. , Chistyakov A. , Sinai A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground‘Virtual lesion’ (‘VL’) is a transient disruption of cortical activity during task performance. It can be induced by single pulses or short trains of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) directed to functionally relevant brain areas. We applied ‘VL’ methodology of a short train of TMS given on top of experimental tonic pain, expecting to see changes in pain scores.MethodsThirty young healthy subjects (15 women) were assessed with active (‘VL’) or ‘sham’ TMS in different sessions, randomly. In each session, 30 sec‐long contact heat (47.5 °C, right forearm) was applied stand‐alone (‘baseline’) and with 5 sec‐long 10 Hz‐TMS over left primary motor cortex (M1) starting at 17 sec of the heat stimulation.ResultsPain scores decreased after ‘VL’ or ‘sham’ (p < 0.001). Independently of the type of TMS, pain reduction was stronger in women (p = 0.012). A triple Sex x Stimulation type (‘VL’ or ‘sham’) x Condition (‘baseline’ heat pain vs. heat pain with TMS) interaction (p = 0.027) indicated stronger pain reduction by ‘VL’ in women (p = 0.008) and not in men (p = 0.78) as compared to ‘baseline’. Pain catastrophizing and perceived stress ratings affected the model (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively), but without sex differences.ConclusionsThis study indicates that interactions between cortical excitability of the motor cortex and nociceptive processing may be gender‐related.
Full-life chronic toxicity of sodium salts to the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer in tests with laboratory cultured food
Authors: Soucek David J. , Dickinson Amy 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Although insects occur in nearly all freshwater ecosystems, few sensitive insect models exist for use in determining the toxicity of contaminants. The objectives of the present study were to adapt previously developed culturing and toxicity testing methods for the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), and to further develop a method for chronic toxicity tests spanning organism ages of less than 24 h post hatch to adult emergence, using a laboratory cultured diatom diet. The authors conducted 96-h fed acute tests and full-life chronic toxicity tests with sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, and sodium sulfate. The authors generated 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of 1062 mg Cl/L (mean of 3 tests), 179 mg N-NO3/L, and 1227 mg SO4/L. Acute to chronic ratios ranged from 2.1 to 6.4 for chloride, 2.5 to 5.1 for nitrate, and 2.3 to 8.5 for sulfate. The endpoints related to survival and development time were consistently the most sensitive in the tests. The chronic values generated for chloride were in the same range as those generated by others using natural foods. Furthermore, our weight-versus-fecundity plots were similar to those previously published using the food culturing method on which the present authors' method was based, indicating good potential for standardization. The authors believe that the continued use of this sensitive mayfly species in laboratory studies will help to close the gap in understanding between standard laboratory toxicity test results and field-based observations of community impairment . Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2126–2137. © 2015 SETAC
Modeling development of inhibition zones in an agar diffusion bioassay
Authors: Chandrasekar Vaishnavi , Knabel Stephen J. , Anantheswaran Ramaswamy C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA two‐temperature agar diffusion bioassay is commonly used to quantify the concentration of nisin using Micrococcus luteus as the indicator microorganism. A finite element computational model based on Fick's second law of diffusion was used to predict the radius of the inhibition zone in this diffusion bioassay. The model developed was used to calculate nisin concentration profiles as a function of time and position within the agar. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nisin against M. luteus was determined experimentally. The critical time (Tc) for growth of M. luteus within the agar diffusion bioassay was experimentally determined using incubation studies with nisin. The radius of the inhibition zone was predicted from the computational model as the location where the predicted nisin concentration at Tc was equal to MIC. The MIC was experimentally determined to be 0.156 μg mL−1, and Tc was determined to be 7 h. Good agreement (R2 = 0.984) was obtained between model‐predicted and experimentally determined inhibition zone radii.
Optimization and prediction of antioxidant properties of a tea‐ginger extract
Authors: Makanjuola Solomon Akinremi , Enujiugha Victor Ndigwe , Omoba Olufunmilayo Sade , Sanni David Morakinyo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA response surface approach was used to investigate the effects of temperature, concentration, and time on the antioxidant properties (total flavonoid (TF), total phenol (TP), peroxide scavenging activity (PS), iron chelating activity (IC), DPPH radical‐scavenging ability (DPPH), ABTS assay (ABTS)) of aqueous extract of tea‐ginger (2:1) powder. Color indices, pH, and redox potential of the tea‐ginger powder were also measured and used as independent variables for the prediction of antioxidant properties of the extract using ordinary least square (OLSR), principal component (PCR), and partial least square (PLSR) regression. The R2 values for TP, TF, ABTS, and PS response surface models were 0.8873, 0.9639, 0.6485, and 0.5721, respectively. The OLSR, PCR, and PLSR were able to provide predictive models for DPPH, TP, and TF of the tea‐ginger extract (P < 0.05). The PLSR gave the most parsimonious model with an R2 of 0.851, 0.736, and 0.905 for DPPH, TP, and TF, respectively.
Jumpstarting commercial‐scale CO2capture and storage with ethylene production and enhanced oil recovery in the US Gulf
Authors: Middleton Richard S. , Levine Jonathan S. , Bielicki Jeffrey M. , Viswanathan Hari S. , Carey J. William , Stauffer Philip H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCO2capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has yet to be widely deployed at a commercial scale despite multiple high‐profile demonstration projects. We suggest that developing a large‐scale, visible, and financially viable CCUS network could potentially overcome many barriers to deployment and jumpstart commercial‐scale CCUS. To date, substantial effort has focused on technology development to reduce the costs of CO2capture from coal‐fired power plants. Here, we propose that near‐term investment could focus on implementing CO2capture on facilities that produce high‐value chemicals/products. These facilities can absorb the expected impact of the marginal increase in the cost of production on the price of their product, due to the addition of CO2capture, more than coal‐fired power plants. A financially viable demonstration of a large‐scale CCUS network requires offsetting the costs of CO2capture by using the CO2as an input to the production of market‐viable products. We demonstrate this alternative development path with the example of an integrated CCUS system where CO2is captured from ethylene producers and used for enhanced oil recovery in the US Gulf Coast region. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd