bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different patterns of morphological changes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus accompany the differential expression of disability following nerve injury
Authors: Kalman Eszter , Keay Kevin A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPhysical and psychological trauma which results in mood disorders and the disruption of complex behaviours is associated with reductions in hippocampal volume. Clinical evaluation of neuropathic pain reveals mood and behavioural change in a significant number of patients. A rat model of neuropathic injury results in complex behavioural changes in a subpopulation (~30%) of injured rats; these changes are co‐morbid with a range of other ‘disabilities’. The specific objective of this study was to determine in rats the morphology of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus in individuals with and without complex behavioural disruptions following a constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, and to determine whether rats that develop disabilities following nerve injury have a reduced hippocampal volume compared with injured rats with no disabilities. The social behaviours of nerve‐injured rats were evaluated before and after nerve injury. The morphology of the hippocampus of rats with and without behavioural disruptions was compared in serial histological sections. Single‐housing and repeated social‐interaction testing had no effect on the morphology of either the hippocampus or the dentate gyrus. Rats with transient or ongoing disability identified by behavioural disruption following sciatic nerve injury, show bilateral reductions in hippocampal volume, and lateralised reduction in the dentate gyrus (left side). Disabled rats display a combination of behavioural and physiological changes, which resemble many of the criteria used clinically to diagnose mood disorders. They also show reductions in the volume of the hippocampus similar to people with clinically diagnosed mood disorders. The sciatic nerve injury model reveals a similarity to the human neuropathic pain presentation presenting an anatomically specific focus for the investigation of the neural mechanisms underpinning the co‐morbidity of chronic pain and mood disorder.
Analysis of RhoE expression in the testis, epididymis and ductus deferens, and the effects of its deficiency in mice
Authors: Gómez Olga , Ballester‐Lurbe Begoña , Guasch Rosa M. , Pérez‐Roger Ignacio , García‐Roselló Empar , Terrado José 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRho proteins are a large family of GTPases involved in the control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, proliferation and survival. Rnd1, Rnd2 and RhoE/Rnd3 form a subfamily of Rho proteins characterized by being constitutively active. The role of these proteins has been studied during the last years in several systems; however, little is known about their expression and functions in the reproductive organs. In this work we analysed the localization and the effect of RhoE deficiency in the testes using mice lacking RhoE expression (RhoE gt/gt), and our research shows some unexpected and relevant results. First, we have observed that RhoE is only expressed in Leydig cells within the testicular parenchyma and it is absent of seminiferous tubules. In addition, RhoE is expressed in the excurrent ducts of the testis, including the ductuli efferentes, epididymis and ductus deferens. Moreover, the testes of postnatal 15‐day‐old RhoE null mice are smaller, both in absolute values and in relation to the body weight. Furthermore, the dimensions of their seminiferous tubules are also reduced compared with wild‐types. In order to study the role of RhoE in the adult, we analysed heterozygous animals as RhoE null mice die early postnatally. Our results show that the testes of adult RhoE heterozygous mice are also smaller than those of the wild‐types, with a 17% decrease in the ratio testis weight/body weight. In addition, their seminiferous tubules have reduced tubular diameter (12%) and a thinner epithelial wall (33%) that appears disorganized and with a swollen lumen. Finally, and probably as a consequence of those alterations, the sperm concentration of heterozygous animals was found to be lower than in the wild‐types. These results indicate that accurate levels of RhoE in the testes are necessary for a correct development and function of male gonads, and suggest novel and unexpected roles of Rnd GTPases in the reproductive physiology.
The epigonal organ and mature pole of the testis in the recreationally fished blue shark (Prionace glauca): histochemico‐functional correlates
Authors: McClusky Leon Mendel , Sulikowski James 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe exact role of the immune system in normal spermatogenesis is poorly understood. The attachment, however, of the lymphomyeloid epigonal organ specifically to the testis's mature pole in many shark species is a curious finding. Unlike the histology of the lymphomyeloid tissues of many other elasmobranchs, the epigonal organ leukocytes of wild‐caught blue shark (Prionace glauca), besides exhibiting extensive nuclear heterogeneity, contain some of the largest known granules ever seen in vertebrate white blood cells. It was previously shown that the blue shark epigonal organ remains unremarkable and functionally unchanged despite cestode parasites embedded into its surface, suggesting that it might have other functions in addition to microbial defense. We show here that Prionace epigonal leukocytes shed their granule‐laden cytoplasm into the cyst resorption zone (RZ) of the testis, i.e. the region separating the spermatogenic tissue from the epigonal organ, as they begin to migrate into the RZ. Using the immunoreactivity of the conserved transcription factor (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) as marker, it is shown that the granule‐lacking leukocytes exclusively infiltrated spermatozoal cysts leftover after the wave of wide‐spread multinuclear cell death in summer‐breeding males in a seasonally dependent manner. By contrast, Prionace caught 2 months later showed fully recovered testes containing numerous completely intact spermatozoal cysts. Conversely, degenerating immature spermatids were gradually phagocytized by their accompanying Sertoli cells, and leukocytes did not infiltrate such cysts. The autoimmune response described here resembles in every aspect the testicular autoimmune response induced experimentally in a teleost fish. These observations suggest functional adaptation of shark leukocytes in response to specific changes in the testicular microenvironment.
Short‐Term Assessment of the OHIP‐14 Scale on Denture Wearers Using Adhesives
Authors: Polyzois Gregory , Lagouvardos Panagiotis , Partalis Christos , Zoidis Panagiotis , Polyzois Hector 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess differences of the Oral Health Implant Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) scale over a month and determine association with gender, supporting tissues (KIS), and denture base (KID) among patients wearing complete dentures using denture adhesives.Materials and MethodsSixteen denture wearers, candidates for a new set of complete dentures, were selected. OHIP‐14 scores were recorded at the beginning of the study, 6 weeks after fitting of the new set (T0), 15 days (T1), and finally 30 days (T2) after daily use of a denture adhesive as instructed. The KIS and KID were clinically examined and rated according to the Kapur Index. Statistical analyses were based on repeated‐measures ANOVA, Mann‐Whitney test, regression analysis, and Friedman test at a = 0.05.ResultsThe OHIP‐14 scale was found to have a high reliability (alpha = 0.847) and a high test‐retest consistency (ICC = 0.889); however, domain 1 had the lowest item‐total correlation (rho = 0.144) and item 7 a negative one (rho = ‐0.414). Trend analysis indicated a significant negative linear trend over time (slope = ‐3.156, p = 0.002), while repeated‐measures ANOVA showed differences in OHIP‐14 between T2 and T1 (p = 0.003) or T0 (p = 0.005) intervals. OHIP‐14 groups were found to be positively associated with KIS (p = 0.010) and negatively with KID (p = 0.047) groups, but not with gender (p = 0.272).ConclusionsThe study shows that OHIP‐14 has a high internal reliability and consistency when applied to new denture wearers, and its score decreases if denture adhesives are used for at least 15 days. Low KIS and high KID contributes to this trend. Some OHIP‐14 items are more associated than others with the total score trend over time.
Double Full‐Arch Versus Single Full‐Arch, Four Implant‐Supported Rehabilitations: A Retrospective, 5‐Year Cohort Study
Authors: Maló Paulo , Araújo Nobre Miguel De , Lopes Armando , Rodrigues Rolando 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeTo report the 5‐year outcome of the All‐on‐4 treatment concept comparing double full‐arch (G1) and single‐arch (G2) groups.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 110 patients (68 women and 42 men, average age of 55.5 years) with 440 NobelSpeedy groovy implants. One hundred sixty‐five full‐arch, fixed, immediately loaded prostheses in both jaws were followed for 5 years. G1 consisted of 55 patients with double‐arch rehabilitations occluded with implant‐supported fixed prostheses, and G2 consisted of 55 patients with maxillary single‐arch rehabilitations or mandibular single‐arch rehabilitations occluded with natural teeth or removable prostheses. The groups were matched for age (±6 years) and gender. Primary outcome measures were cumulative prosthetic (both interim and definitive) and implant survival (Kaplan‐Meier product limit estimator). Secondary outcome measures were marginal bone levels at 5 years (through periapical radiographs and using the patient as unit of analysis) and the incidence of mechanical and biological complications. Differences in survival curves (log‐rank test), marginal bone level (Mann‐Whitney U test), and complications (chi‐square test) were compared inferentially between the two groups using the patient as unit of analysis with significance level set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsNo dropouts occurred. Prosthetic survival was 100%. Five patients lost 5 implants (G1: n = 3; G2: n = 2) before 1 year, rendering an estimated cumulative survival rate of 95.5% (G1: 94.5%; G2: 96.4%; Kaplan‐Meier, p = 0.645, nonsignificant). The average (SD) marginal bone level was 1.56 mm (0.89) at 5 years [G1: 1.45 mm (0.77); G2: 1.67 mm (0.99); p = 0.414]. The incidence rate of mechanical complications (in both interim and definitive prostheses) was 0.16 and 0.13 for G1 and G2, respectively (p = 0.032). The incidence rate of biological complications was 0.06 and 0.05 for G1 and G2, respectively (p = 0.669).ConclusionsBased on the results, rehabilitating double‐ or single‐arch edentulous patients did not yield significant differences on survival curves. The incidence of mechanical complications was significantly higher for double‐arch rehabilitated patients but nevertheless, these mechanical complications did not affect the long‐term survival of either the prostheses or the implants.
In Vitro Comparison of Marginal and Internal Fit of Press‐on‐Metal Ceramic (PoM) Restorations with Zirconium‐Supported and Conventional Metal Ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures Before and After Veneering
Authors: Varol Seda , Kulak‐Özkan Yasemin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeTo compare marginal and internal fit between 3‐ and 4‐unit press‐on‐metal (PoM) ceramic, zirconia‐supported, and conventional metal ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) before and after veneering.Materials and MethodsTen pieces for each 3‐ and 4‐unit MC, IPS InLine PoM, and IPS e.max ZirCAD/Zir Press FPDs were produced. Cross‐sections from silicone replicas were examined and measured with a light microscope. Occlusal, axial, intermarginal, and marginal mean adaptation scores of cross‐sectioned replicas and means of measurements obtained from 4 sites were calculated independently.ResultsMean values for molars were 78.44 ± 32.01 μm (MC), 89.84 ± 29.20 μm (PoM), and 85.17 ± 28.49 μm (Zir). Premolar values were 76.08 ± 27.92 μm (MC), 89.94 ± 23.49 μm (PoM), and 87.18 ± 28.25 μm (Zir). No difference existed between the means of 3‐ and 4‐unit FPDs except the molar‐intermarginal region. The mean value of 4‐unit FPDs (93.88 ± 25.41 μm) was less than the 3‐unit FPDs (103.68 ± 24.55 μm) at the molar‐inter marginal region. A gap increase was observed in all sites except the molar‐axio‐occlusal region after veneering. According to the mean difference, gap increases at the molar‐marginal, molar‐intermarginal, and premolar‐intermarginal regions were statistically significant. A statistical difference was found at the molar‐marginal region for 4‐unit MCR (p = 0.041) and 4‐unit PoM FPDs (p = 0.042) before and after veneering. Gap increase after veneering of 4‐unit metal ceramics at molar‐intermarginal, premolar‐marginal, and premolar‐intermarginal regions (p = 0.020; p = 0.015; p = 0.004) was significant.ConclusionThe gap measurements of the IPS InLine PoM and IPS e.max ZirCAD/Zir Press groups were all clinically acceptable. No studies on marginal and internal fit in the IPS InLine PoM system have been published to date. This study should be supported with future studies. No significant increase was observed after press‐veneering the IPS e.max ZirCAD frameworks with an IPS e.max ZirPress material; therefore, we recommend the use of this combination.
Biopterin Status in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease is Associated with Disease Severity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Reimann M.J. , Häggström J. , Mortensen A. , Lykkesfeldt J. , Møller J.E. , Falk T. , Olsen L.H. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundEndothelial dysfunction (ED) has been suggested to be associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an important cofactor for production of the endothelium‐derived vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Under conditions of oxidative stress,BH4 is oxidized to the biologically inactive form dihydrobiopterin (BH2). Thus, plasma concentrations ofBH2 andBH4 may reflectEDand oxidative stress.ObjectiveTo determine plasma concentrations ofBH2 andBH4 in dogs with different degrees ofMMVD.AnimalsEighty‐four privately owned dogs grouped according toACVIMguidelines (37 healthy control dogs including 13 Beagles and 24 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels [CKCSs], 33CKCSs withMMVDof differing severity including 18CKCSs [group B1] and 15CKCSs [group B2], and 14 dogs of different breeds with clinical signs of congestive heart failure [CHF] because ofMMVD[group C]).MethodsDogs underwent clinical examination including echocardiography. Plasma concentrations ofBH2 andBH4 were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.ResultsHigher plasmaBH4 andBH2 concentrations were found with dogs inCHFcompared with all other groups (control, B1 and B2;P ≤ .001). Females had higher concentrations ofBH4 andBH4/BH2 (P ≤ .0003).BH4/BH2 was found to decrease with age (P < .0001). Cardiovascular risk factors in humans such as passive smoking (P ≤ .01) and increased body weight (P ≤ .009) were associated with lowerBH4 concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAge, sex, body weight, passive smoking, and cardiac status are associated with plasma biopterin concentration in dogs. Additional studies should clarify the clinical implications of the findings.
Characterization of Kidney Injury Molecule‐1 in Cats
Authors: Bland S.K. , Côté O. , Clark M.E. , DeLay J. , Bienzle D. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundKidney disease (KD) is common in older cats and presumed to arise from subclinical kidney injuries throughout life. Sensitive markers for detecting kidney injury are lacking. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM‐1) is a useful biomarker of kidney injury in humans and rodents.Hypothesis/ObjectivesFeline KIM‐1 is conserved across species, expressed in kidney, and shed into urine of cats with acute kidney injury (AKI). The objectives were to characterize the feline KIM‐1 gene and protein, assess available immunoassays for detecting KIM‐1 in urine of cats, and identify KIM‐1 expression in kidney sections.AnimalsSamples from 36 hospitalized and 7 clinically healthy cats were evaluated. Hospitalized cats were divided into 2 groups based on absence (n = 20) or presence (n = 16) of historical KD.MethodsFeline KIM‐1 genomic and complementary DNA sequences were amplified, sequenced and analyzed to determine the presence of isoforms, exon‐intron organization and similarity with orthologous sequences. Presence in urine was evaluated by immunoassay and expression in kidney by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThree expressed feline KIM‐1 transcript variants comprising 894, 810, and 705 bp were identified in renal tissue. KIM‐1 immunoassays yielded positive results in urine of cats with conditions associated with AKI, but not chronic KD. Immunohistochemistry of kidney sections identified KIM‐1 in proximal tubular cells of cats with positive urine immunoassay results.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceKidney injury molecule 1 was expressed in specific segments of the nephron and detected in urine of cats at risk of AKI. Urine KIM‐1 immunoassay may be a useful indicator of tubular injury.
Intraoperative Bleeding in Dogs from Grenada Seroreactive to Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis
Authors: Lanza‐Perea M. , Zieger U. , Qurollo B.A. , Hegarty B.C. , Pultorak E.L. , Kumthekar S. , Bruhl‐Day R. , Breitschwerdt E.B. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundFrequent exposure of Grenadian dogs to Rhipicephalus sanguineus results in Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia canis seroreactivity. During elective surgeries, substantial intraoperative hemorrhage occurs in some seroreactive dogs.ObjectivesTo assess hemostatic parameters and bleeding tendencies as well as prevalence of PCR positivity in apparently healthy A. platys and E. canis seroreactive and seronegative free‐roaming dogs from Grenada.AnimalsForty‐seven elective surgery dogs allocated to 4 groups: Seronegative control (n = 12), A. platys (n = 10), E. canis (n = 14) and A. platys, and E. canis (n = 11) seroreactive.MethodsPreoperatively, hemostasis was assessed by platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and buccal mucosal bleeding time. Intra‐ and postoperative bleeding scores were subjectively assigned. Blood, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph node aspirates were tested by PCR.ResultsBleeding scores in dogs coseroreactive for A. platys and E. canis were higher (P = .015) than those of seronegative dogs. A. platys DNA was amplified from 7/21 (33%) A. platys seroreactive dogs and from 1 E. canis seroreactive dog; E. canis DNA was amplified from 21/25 (84%) E. canis seroreactive dogs. E. canis DNA was amplified most often from blood, whereas A. platys DNA was amplified most often from bone marrow.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceApparently healthy, free‐roaming dogs coseropositive for A. platys and E. canis may have increased intraoperative bleeding tendencies despite normal hemostatic parameters. Future investigations should explore the potential for vascular injury as a cause for bleeding in these dogs. Improved tick control is needed for dogs in Grenada.
Pituitary Dwarfism in Saarloos and Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs is Associated with a Mutation in LHX3
Authors: Voorbij A.M.W.Y. , Leegwater P.A. , Kooistra H.S. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundPituitary dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs is associated with autosomal recessive inheritance and a mutation inLHX3, resulting in combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Congenital dwarfism also is encountered in breeds related to German Shepherd Dogs, such as Saarloos and Czechoslovakian wolfdogs.ObjectivesTo investigate whether Saarloos and Czechoslovakian wolfdog dwarfs have the sameLHX3mutation as do Germans Shepherd Dog dwarfs. A specific aim was to determine the carrier frequency among Saarloos and Czechoslovakian wolfdogs used for breeding.AnimalsTwo client‐owned Saarloos wolfdogs and 4 client‐owned Czechoslovakian wolfdogs with pituitary dwarfism, 239 clinically healthy client‐owned Saarloos wolfdogs, and 200 client‐owned clinically healthy Czechoslovakian wolfdogs.MethodsGenomicDNAwas amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the Saarloos and Czechoslovakian wolfdog dwarfs,PCRproducts were analyzed by sequencing.DNAfragment length analysis was performed on the samples from the clinically healthy dogs.ResultsSaarloos and Czechoslovakian wolfdog dwarfs have the same 7 bp deletion in intron 5 ofLHX3as do German Shepherd Dog dwarfs. The frequency of carriers of this mutation among clinically healthy Saarloos and Czechoslovakian wolfdogs used for breeding was 31% and 21%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAnLHX3mutation is associated with pituitary dwarfism in Saarloos and Czechoslovakian wolfdogs. The rather high frequency of carriers of the mutated gene in the 2 breeds emphasizes the need for screening before breeding. If all breeding animals were genetically tested for the presence of theLHX3mutation and a correct breeding policy would be implemented, this disease could be eradicated completely.
Serum Lipoprotein Changes in Dogs with Renal Disease
Authors: Behling‐Kelly E. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundPeople with renal disease develop a dyslipidemia that contributes to progression of renal injury and development of cardiovascular disease. Lipoproteins in dogs with renal disease have not been investigated.HypothesisDogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have dyslipidemia characterized by increased lower density lipoproteins and decreased high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs). The degree of dyslipidemia is positively correlated with severity of disease, as reflected by serum creatinine concentration.AnimalsProspective study of client‐owned dogs presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals: 29 dogs with confirmed CKD, 5 dogs with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and 12 healthy control dogs presented for routine vaccinations, dental cleaning, or owned by students.MethodsLipoprotein electrophoresis was used to quantify relative proportions of the 3 main classes of lipoproteins in canine serum: low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL. Serum cholesterol and creatinine concentrations; urinalysis and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio were measured by standard methods.ResultsDyslipidemia was consistently found in dogs with CKD and NS and was characterized by a decrease in HDL and variable increases in LDL and VLDL. Dogs with NS had a proportionately greater increase in the VLDL fraction, as compared with dogs with CKD.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDyslipidemia similar to that documented in people with renal disease occurs in dogs with CKD, despite serum cholesterol concentrations often being within the reference interval. The contribution of altered lipoproteins to the pathogenesis of renal disease in dogs warrants additional study.