bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duloxetine and Pregabalin for Pain Management in Multiple Rheumatic Diseases Associated with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Angeletti Chiara , Guetti Cristiana , Piroli Alba , Angeletti Paolo Matteo , Paladini Antonella , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Marinangeli Franco , Varrassi Giustino 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain and soreness accompanied by sleep disorders, chronic fatigue and affective disorders. FMS is often associated with other forms of immuno‐rheumatic diseases. Although FMS pathophysiology is still not fully understood, a number of neuroendocrine, neurotransmission and neurosensitive disorders might generate a mechanism for the elicitation of pain by “central sensitization,” which is common to many other painful conditions. The present case describes the success of a therapeutic scheme, which associates two different pharmacological classes, anticonvulsants and new‐generation antidepressants, when FMS complicates a rare pathology called Cogan's syndrome. The association of two drugs might noticeably affect the molecular mechanisms of difficult pain, thus solving painful conditions of multifactorial origin.
Photoprotection counseling of non‐white ethno‐racial groups: a survey of the practice of expert dermatologists
Authors: Pourciau Crystal Y. , Eide Melody J. , Mahan Meredith , Lim Henry W. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe morbidity of skin cancer in non‐white, ethno‐racial populations is well established, yet no specific guidelines exist addressing the manner in which this population should be counseled on photoexposure. We conducted a 20‐item survey to assess the behavior of specialized dermatologists when providing photoprotection recommendations to non‐white, ethno‐racial patients as well as the perceived relevance of counseling for this group. Our study demonstrated that key opinion leaders within the fields of photodermatology and ethnic dermatology believe that photoprotection counseling is beneficial for ethno‐racial minorities. Based on these preliminary data and other recently published reports, the development of photoprotection guidelines specific to non‐white, ethno‐racial groups may be warranted.
Antiphotoaging effect of chitooligosaccharides on human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Jung‐Ae , Ahn Byul‐Nim , Kong Chang‐Suk , Park Sung‐Ha , Park Byoung‐Jun , Kim Se‐Kwon 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground/PurposeIn the present study, the effect of 3–5 kDa chitooligosaccharide (COS) on homeostasis between the expression of collagen‐degrading matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen synthesis was investigated using ultraviolet (UV)‐A irradiated dermal fibroblasts.MethodsUV protection imparted by 3–5 kDa COS was measured by examining the UV absorption spectrum. Collagenase MMP secretion was examined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of collagenases and collagen synthetic markers were determined by employing the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.ResultsThe 3–5 kDa COS not only absorbed UV‐A and UV‐B light but also inhibited collagenase (MMP‐1, MMP‐8, and MMP‐13) and gelatinase (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) MMP expression. The suppression of MMP expression was found to be due to an increase in expression of the tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)‐1 and TIMP‐2. Treatment with 3–5 kDa COS enhanced collagen synthetic markers such as procollagen, type I, III, and IV collagens in UV‐A‐irradiated dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the effects of 3–5 kDa COS on collagen degradation and collagen synthesis in UV‐A irradiated dermal fibroblasts were regulated via the inhibition of activating protein‐1 (AP‐1) signaling.ConclusionOur results suggest that 3–5 kDa COS can be used to develop as topical applications for antiphotoaging cosmeceuticals as it enhances collagen synthesis.
Normal minimal erythema dose responses in patients with suspected photosensitivity disorders
Authors: Que Syril Keena T. , Brauer Jeremy A. , Soter Nicholas A. , Cohen David E. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPurposeOur study identified the most common diagnoses in patients with a history of photosensitivity or with a photodistributed eruption and normal minimal erythema dose (MED) responses.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the diagnoses and phototest results of 319 patients who were phototested at the New York University Photomedicine Section of the Charles C. Harris Skin and Cancer Pavilion from 1993 to 2009. Patients were phototested if they had a history of photosensitivity or had an eruption with a distribution that suggested photosensitivity.ResultsThe majority of patients with normal MEDs were diagnosed with polymorphous light eruption, followed by contact or photocontact dermatitis, photodistributed dermatitis not otherwise specified (idiopathic), solar urticaria and photoexacerbated atopic dermatitis.DiscussionThe clinical history of photosensitivity and physical findings remain as important metrics in the diagnosis of patients with photodistributed dermatoses and normal MEDs.
Photoprotective effects of Bifidobacterium breve supplementation against skin damage induced by ultraviolet irradiation in hairless mice
Authors: Sugimoto Saho , Ishii Yuki , Izawa Naoki , Masuoka Norie , Kano Mitsuyoshi , Sone Toshiro , Chiba Katsuyoshi , Miyazaki Kouji , Ishikawa Fumiyasu 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundProbiotics have been considered to affect not only the gut but also the skin. This study aimed at examining whether oral administration of live Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult (BBY), a typical probiotic, could exert photoprotective effects in hairless mouse skin.MethodsBBY cell suspensions and fermented milk containing BBY (BBYM) were orally administered to hairless mice for 9 and 14 days, respectively. Mice were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light daily for the last four consecutive days. Twenty‐four hours after the final irradiation, skin elasticity, appearance, elastase activity and interleukin (IL)‐1β levels were evaluated in the dorsal skin.ResultsBBY and BBYM significantly prevented UV‐induced deleterious changes in skin elasticity and appearance. BBY suppressed the increases in both elastase activity and IL‐1β levels in the skin. There was a significant negative correlation between elastase activity and the ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation and a significant positive correlation between elastase activity and the area ratio of furrows, independent of UV irradiation or BBY administration.ConclusionOur findings suggest that oral administration of probiotic BBY has the potential to prevent UV‐induced skin damage, supporting the hypothesis that probiotics are beneficial not only to the intestine but also to the skin.
Phloroglucinol protects human keratinocytes from ultraviolet B radiation by attenuating oxidative stress
Authors: Kim Ki Cheon , Piao Mei Jing , Cho Suk Ju , Lee Nam Ho , Hyun Jin Won 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundUltraviolet B generates reactive oxygen species by interacting with water in irradiated skin tissues and cells in turn causes lipid peroxidation, protein modification and further DNA damage.PurposeThis study examined the cytoprotective effects of phloroglucinol (1,3,5‐trihydroxybenzene) on ultraviolet B‐irradiated cultured human keratinocytes.MethodsThe human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT cells were treated with 10 μM of phloroglucinol. After 1 h, the cells were irradiated with ultraviolet B light at 30 mJ/cm2 and incubated at 37°C.ResultsPhloroglucinol scavenged both the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a cell‐free system and ultraviolet B‐induced intracellular reactive oxygen species. Phloroglucinol reduced ultraviolet B‐generated lipid peroxidation, protein modification and DNA strand breaks. The enzymatic effects of phloroglucinol restored cellular glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, which were impaired by ultraviolet B radiation.Conclusion:Phloroglucinol provides the protective effects in human keratinocyte cell line exposed to ultraviolet B radiation, suggesting that phloroglucinol can be used as a photoprotective agent.
1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Inhibits Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation by Stabilizing Inhibitor IκBα via mRNA Stability and Reduced Phosphorylation in Passively Sensitized Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Song Y. , Hong J. , Liu D. , Lin Q. , Lai G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractExcessive activation of nuclear transcription factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is involved in human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) activities in asthma. We investigated the effects of 1,25 – dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 – (OH) 2D3] on the NF‐ κB signaling pathway in passively sensitized HASMCs and the molecular mechanisms involved. HASMCs were treated with either healthy controls’ serum, asthma patients’ serum or pretreated with 1,25 – (OH) 2D3 prior to treatment with asthmatics’ serum. At 1 h after serum treatment: electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to detect NF‐κB DNA binding activity; immunocytochemical staining was used to observe the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65; Western blots were used for NF‐κB p65, IκBα, and phospho‐IκBα protein levels and the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65; real‐time quantitative PCR was used for NF‐κB p65 and IκBα mRNA expressions; and actinomycin D treatment was used to determine IκBα mRNA stability. Our major findings were: (1) 1,25 – (OH) 2D3 significantly reduced asthma serum passively sensitized HASMCs NF‐κB DNA binding activity and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65; (2) 1,25 – (OH) 2D3 increased the stability of IκBα mRNA with reduced IκBα phosphorylation in asthma serum passively sensitized HASMCs and significantly increased IκBα expression in these HASMCs. Inhibiting NF‐κB signalling with 1,25 – dihydroxyvitamin D3 may be a therapeutic approach for controlling HASMC‐related remodelling in asthma.
Antigenicity and Epitope Specificity of ZnT8 Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Skärstrand H. , Lernmark Å. , Vaziri‐Sani F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs13266634 encodes either an Arginine (R) or a Tryptophan (W) (R325W) at the amino acid position 325 in the Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) protein. Autoantibodies (Ab) that recognize ZnT8R, ZnT8W or both at the polymorphic site are common in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. The epitope specificity and affinity of ZnT8Ab are poorly understood, but may be of importance for the prediction and clinical classification of T1D. Therefore, the aims were to 1) determine the immunogenicity of short (318–331) ZnT8 peptides in mice and 2) test the affinity of short and long (268–369) ZnT8 proteins in T1D patients positive for either ZnT8RAb or ZnT8wAb. Sera from BALB/cByJ mice immunized with short R, W or Q (Glutamine) ZnT8 peptides were tested for ZnT8‐peptide antibodies in ELISA and radiobinding assay (RBA). Using reciprocal permutation experiment, short synthetic ZnT8R and ZnT8W (318–331) and long in vitro transcription translation ZnT8R and ZnT8W (268–369) proteins were tested in competitive RBA with R‐ and W‐monospecific T1D sera samples. All mouse sera developed non‐epitope‐specific peptide antibodies in ELISA and only 6/12 mice had ZnT8‐RWQ antibodies in RBA. Both long ZnT8R and ZnT8W (268–369), but not any short, proteins displaced labelled ZnT8 (268–369) proteins in binding to T1D ZnT8Ab‐specific sera. The reciprocal cross‐over tests showed that half‐maximal displacement varied 2‐ to 11‐fold indicating variable affinity of patient ZnT8Ab, signifying crucial autoantibody epitope spreading. The present approach should make it possible to dissect the importance of the R325W ZnT8 autoantigen epitope in the T1D pathogenesis.
The Ex Vivo Induction of Human CD103+CD25hi Foxp3+CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs is IL‐2 and TGF‐β1 Dependent
Authors: Gunnlaugsdottir B. , Maggadottir S. M. , Skaftadottir I. , Ludviksson B. R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe expression of the integrin αE (CD103), may enhance the retention of regulatory T cells to peripheral inflammatory sites and possibly contribute to their suppressive potential. The aim of this study was to define the regulatory role of IL‐2 and TGF‐β1 on the CD103 expression and the optimal in vitro conditions for the induction/expansion of human CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) were stimulated under various culture conditions, including anti‐CD3, anti‐CD28, IL‐2 and TGF‐β1. TGF‐β1 and IL‐2 were both required for optimal expression of CD103. In addition, TGF‐β1 and IL‐2 synergistically induced CD103 expression on CD8+ T cells, whereas, only additive induced expression was noted on CD4+ T cells. Surprisingly, CD103 expression was not dependent upon CD28 costimulation. IL‐2 also played a central role in CD103 expression by CD25hi Foxp3+ Tregs. IL‐2, TGF‐β1 and anti‐CD3 defined the optimal stimulatory conditions favouring the induction/expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ human Tregs from naive CBMC. Thus, this study provides new insights into the regulatory role of IL‐2 upon CD103 expression by human cord blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, it identifies the in vitro culture conditions driving the differentiation of the novel phenotype CD4+ and CD8+ CD103+ CD25hi Foxp3+ Tregs from human CBMC.
Sprint interval and traditional endurance training increase net intramuscular triglyceride breakdown and expression of perilipin 2 and 5
Authors: Shepherd S. O. , Cocks M. , Tipton K. D. , Ranasinghe A. M. , Barker T. A. , Burniston J. G. , Wagenmakers A. J. M. , Shaw C. S. 
Published: November 2012

Key points
Increases in aerobic capacity and intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) utilization are well‐described adaptations to endurance training (ET) and contribute to improvements in insulin sensitivity.
Sprint interval training (SIT) also improves aerobic capacity and insulin sensitivity with a lower time commitment than ET.
This study aimed to determine whether SIT also induces improvements in insulin sensitivity and net IMTG breakdown, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Six weeks of ET and SIT increased net IMTG breakdown during moderate‐intensity cycling, and improved insulin sensitivity. A greater concentration of lipid droplet‐associated proteins, perilipin 2 and perilipin 5, was observed following both training modes and contributes to the increases in net IMTG breakdown following training.
The results suggest a novel mechanism for the training‐induced improvements in IMTG breakdown and insulin sensitivity, and clearly demonstrate that SIT is an alternative, time‐efficient training strategy that induces similar beneficial metabolic adaptations.
Abstract  Intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) utilization is enhanced by endurance training (ET) and is linked to improved insulin sensitivity. This study first investigated the hypothesis that ET‐induced increases in net IMTG breakdown and insulin sensitivity are related to increased expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) and perilipin 5 (PLIN5). Second, we hypothesized that sprint interval training (SIT) also promotes increases in IMTG utilization and insulin sensitivity. Sixteen sedentary males performed 6 weeks of either SIT (4–6, 30 s Wingate tests per session, 3 days week−1) or ET (40–60 min moderate‐intensity cycling, 5 days week−1). Training increased resting IMTG content (SIT 1.7‐fold, ET 2.4‐fold; P < 0.05), concomitant with parallel increases in PLIN2 (SIT 2.3‐fold, ET 2.8‐fold; P < 0.01) and PLIN5 expression (SIT 2.2‐fold, ET 3.1‐fold; P < 0.01). Pre‐training, 60 min cycling at ∼65% pre‐training decreased IMTG content in type I fibres (SIT 17 ± 10%, ET 15 ± 12%; P < 0.05). Following training, a significantly greater breakdown of IMTG in type I fibres occurred during exercise (SIT 27 ± 13%, ET 43 ± 6%; P < 0.05), with preferential breakdown of PLIN2‐ and particularly PLIN5‐associated lipid droplets. Training increased the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (SIT 56 ± 15%, ET 29 ± 12%; main effect P < 0.05). No training × group interactions were observed for any variables. In conclusion, SIT and ET both increase net IMTG breakdown during exercise and increase in PLIN2 and PLIN5 protein expression. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that increases in PLIN2 and PLIN5 are related to the mechanisms that promote increased IMTG utilization during exercise and improve insulin sensitivity following 6 weeks of SIT and ET.
Preserved fertility despite erectile dysfunction in mice lacking the nitric oxide receptor
Authors: Groneberg Dieter , Lies Barbara , König Peter , Jäger Ronald , Friebe Andreas 
Published: November 2012

Key points
Erectile dysfunction may result from reduced or non‐functional nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP‐mediated signalling. Mice lacking NO synthases are fertile whereas mice deficient in cGMP‐dependent protein kinase I suffer from erectile dysfunction.
To clarify this discrepancy we performed studies on the corpus cavernosum of male mice lacking the NO receptor NO‐sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO‐GC) either globally or specifically in smooth muscle cells.
NO released from NO donors as well as from nitrergic neurons failed to relax precontracted corpus cavernosum from mice lacking NO‐GC either globally or specifically in smooth muscle; to our surprise, males from both knockout lines were fertile.
Our data show that deletion of the NO receptor specifically in smooth muscle cells abolishes NO‐induced corpus cavernosum relaxation but does not lead to infertility.
Abstract  Nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP have been shown to be important mediators of penile erection. Erectile dysfunction may result from reduced or non‐functional signal transduction within this cascade. There is, however, some inconsistency in the available data as mice lacking NO synthases (endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, or both) appear to be fertile whereas mice deficient in cGMP‐dependent protein kinase I (PKGI) suffer from erectile dysfunction. To clarify this discrepancy we performed studies on mice lacking the NO receptor NO‐sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO‐GC). In addition, we generated cell‐specific NO‐GC knockout (KO) lines to investigate the function of NO in individual cell types. NO‐GC was specifically deleted in smooth muscle or endothelial cells (SM‐guanylyl cyclase knockout (SM‐GCKO) and EC‐GCKO, respectively) and these KO lines were compared with total knockouts (GCKO) and wild‐type animals. We investigated expression of NO‐GC, NO‐induced relaxation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and their ability to generate offspring. NO‐GC‐positive immunostaining was detected in smooth muscle and endothelial cells of murine corpus cavernosum but not in interstitial cells of Cajal. NO released from NO donors as well as from nitrergic neurons failed to relax precontracted corpus cavernosum from GCKO mice in organ bath experiments. Similar results were obtained in corpus cavernosum from SM‐GCKO mice whereas deletion of NO‐GC in endothelial cells did not affect relaxation. The lack of NO‐induced relaxation in GCKO animals was not compensated for by guanosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) signalling. To our surprise, GCKO males were fertile although their ability to produce offspring was decreased. Our data show that deletion of NO‐GC specifically in smooth muscle cells abolishes NO‐induced corpus cavernosum relaxation but does not lead to infertility.
Non‐Gaussian statistical properties of breast images
Authors: Abbey Craig K. , Nosratieh Anita , Sohl‐Dickstein Jascha , Yang Kai , Boone John M. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose:Several studies have shown that the power spectrum of x‐ray breast images is well described by a power‐law at lower frequencies where anatomical variability dominates. However, an image generated from a Gaussian process with this spectrum is easily distinguished from an image of actual breast tissue by eye. This demonstrates that higher order non‐Gaussian statistical properties of mammograms are readily accessible to the visual system. The authors’ purpose is to quantify and characterize non‐Gaussian statistical properties of breast images as influenced by processing of a digital mammogram, different imaging modalities, and breast density.Methods:To quantify non‐Gaussian statistical properties, the authors consider histograms of filter responses from the interior of a breast image that have similar properties to receptive fields in the early visual system. They quantify departure from a Gaussian distribution by the relative entropy of the histogram compared to a best‐fit Gaussian distribution. This entropy is normalized by the relative entropy of a best‐fit Laplacian distribution into a measure they refer to as Laplacian fractional entropy (LFE). They test the LFE on a set of 26 patients recalled at screening for which they have available full‐field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and dedicated breast CT (bCT) images as well as breast density scores and biopsy results.Results:A study of LFE in FFDM comparing the raw “for‐processing” transmission data from the device to log‐converted density estimates and the processed “for‐display” data shows that processing mammographic image data enhances the non‐Gaussian content of the image. A check of the methodology using a Gaussian process with a power‐law power spectrum shows relatively little bias from the finite extent of the region of interests used. A second study comparing LFE across FFDM, DBT, and bCT modalities shows that each maximized the non‐Gaussian content of the image for different ranges of spatial frequency. FFDM is optimal at high spatial frequencies (>0.7 mm−1), DBT is optimal at mid‐range frequencies (0.3–0.7 mm−1), and bCT is optimal at low spatial frequency (<0.3 mm−1). A third study of breast density in FFDM and bCT shows that LFE generally rises slightly going from the low‐to moderate density, and then falls considerably at higher densities.Conclusions:Non‐Gaussian statistical structure in breast images that is manifest in the responses of Gabor filters similar to receptive fields of the early visual system is dependent on how the image data are processed, the modality used to acquire the image, and the density of the breast tissue being imaged. Higher LFE corresponds with expected improvements from image processing and 3D imaging.