bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral and vertical variations of seismic anisotropy in the lithosphere–asthenosphere system underneath Central Europe from long-term splitting measurements
Authors: Fröhlich Yvonne , Grund Michael , Ritter Joachim R R 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
Backazimuthal variations in the shear wave splitting of core-refracted shear waves (SKS, SKKS and PKS phases, jointly referred to as XKS) at the Black Forest Observatory (BFO, Southwest Germany) indicate small-scale lateral and partly vertical variations of the seismic anisotropy. However, existing anisotropy studies and models for the nearby Upper Rhine Graben (URG) area in the northern Alpine foreland are mostly based on short-term recordings and by this suffer from a limited backazimuthal coverage and averaging over a wide or the whole backazimuth range. To identify and delimit laterally confined anisotropy regimes in this region, we carry out XKS splitting measurements at six neighbouring (semi-)permanent broad-band seismological recording stations (interstation distance 10–80 km). We manually analyse long-term (partly &gt; 20 yr) recordings to achieve a sufficient backazimuthal coverage to resolve complex anisotropy. The splitting parameters (fast polarization direction $\phi $, delay time $\delta t$) are determined in a single- and multi-event analysis. We test structural anisotropy models with one layer with horizontal or tilted symmetry axis and with two layers with horizontal symmetry axes (transverse isotropy). To account for lateral variations around a single recording site, modelling is compared for the whole and for limited backazimuth ranges. Based on this, we provide a 3-D block model with spatial variation of anisotropic properties. Based on delay times &gt; 0.3 s and missing discrepancies between SKS and SKKS phases, which do not support lower mantle anisotropy, the found anisotropy is placed in the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The spatial distribution as well as the lateral and backazimuthal variations of the splitting parameters confirm lateral and partly vertical variations in anisotropy. On the east side of the URG, we suggest two anisotropic layers in the Moldanubian Zone (south) and one anisotropic layer in the Saxothuringian Zone (north). In the Moldanubian Zone, a change of the fast polarization directions is observed between the east and the west side of the URG, indicating different textures. At the boundary between the two terranes, an inclined anisotropy is modelled which may be related with deformation during Variscan subduction. Regarding the observation of numerous null measurements and inconsistent splitting parameters, especially (southwest of BFO) in the southern URG, different hypothesis are tested: scattering of the seismic wavefield due to small-scale lateral heterogeneities, a vertical a-axis due to a vertical mantle flow related to the Kaiserstuhl Volcanic Complex, as well as a different preferred orientation of the olivine crystals (not A-type, but C-type) due to specific ambient conditions (high temperature, water content).
Genomic diversity, population structure, and genome-wide association reveal genetic differentiation and trait improvements in mango
Authors: Ma Xiaowei , Wu Hongxia , Liu Bin , Wang Songbiao , Zhang Yuehua , Su Muqing , Zheng Bin , Pan Hongbing , Du Bang , Wang Jun , He Ping , Chen Qianfu , An Hong , Xu Wentian , Luo Xiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) has been widely cultivated as a culturally and economically significant fruit tree for roughly 4000 years. Despite its rich history, little is known about the crop’s domestication, genomic variation, and the genetic loci underlying agronomic traits. This study employs the whole-genome re-sequencing of 224 mango accessions sourced from 22 countries, with an average sequencing depth of 16.37×, to explore their genomic variation and diversity. Through phylogenomic analysis, M. himalis J.Y. Liang, a species grown in China, was reclassified into the cultivated mango group known as M. indica. Moreover, our investigation of mango population structure and differentiation revealed that Chinese accessions could be divided into two distinct gene pools, indicating the presence of independent genetic diversity ecotypes. By coupling genome-wide association studies with analyses of genotype variation patterns and expression patterns, we identified several candidate loci and dominant genotypes associated with mango flowering capability, fruit weight, and volatile compound production. In conclusion, our study offers valuable insights into the genetic differentiation of mango populations, paving the way for future agronomic improvements through genomic-assisted breeding.
Muscle-Driven Predictive Physics Simulations of Quadrupedal Locomotion in the Horse
Authors: van Bijlert Pasha A , Geijtenbeek Thomas , Smit Ineke H , Schulp Anne S , Bates Karl T 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
Musculoskeletal simulations can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms that govern animal locomotion. In this study, we describe the development of a new musculoskeletal model of the horse, and to our knowledge present the first fully muscle-driven, predictive simulations of equine locomotion. Our goal was to simulate a model that captures only the gross musculoskeletal structure of a horse, without specialized morphological features. We mostly present simulations acquired using feedforward control, without state feedback (“top-down control”). Without using kinematics or motion capture data as an input, we have simulated a variety of gaits that are commonly used by horses (walk, pace, trot, tölt, and collected gallop). We also found a selection of gaits that are not normally seen in horses (half bound, extended gallop, ambling). Due to the clinical relevance of the trot, we performed a tracking simulation that included empirical joint angle deviations in the cost function. To further demonstrate the flexibility of our model, we also present a simulation acquired using spinal feedback control, where muscle control signals are wholly determined by gait kinematics. Despite simplifications to the musculature, simulated footfalls and ground reaction forces followed empirical patterns. In the tracking simulation, kinematics improved with respect to the fully predictive simulations, and muscle activations showed a reasonable correspondence to electromyographic signals, although we did not predict any anticipatory firing of muscles. When sequentially increasing the target speed, our simulations spontaneously predicted walk-to-run transitions at the empirically determined speed. However, predicted stride lengths were too short over nearly the entire speed range unless explicitly prescribed in the controller, and we also did not recover spontaneous transitions to asymmetric gaits such as galloping. Taken together, our model performed adequately when simulating individual gaits, but our simulation workflow was not able to capture all aspects of gait selection. We point out certain aspects of our workflow that may have caused this, including anatomical simplifications and the use of massless Hill-type actuators. Our model is an extensible, generalized horse model, with considerable scope for adding anatomical complexity. This project is intended as a starting point for continual development of the model and code that we make available in extensible open-source formats.
Recovering sedimentary ancient DNA of harmful dinoflagellates accumulated over the last 9000 years off Eastern Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Armbrecht Linda , Bolch Christopher J S , Paine Bradley , Cooper Alan , McMinn Andrew , Woodward Craig , Hallegraeff Gustaaf 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have had significant adverse impacts on the seafood industry along the Tasmanian east coast over the past 4 decades. To investigate the history of regional HABs, we performed analyses of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) in coastal sediments up to ~9000 years old collected inshore and offshore of Maria Island, Tasmania. We used metagenomic shotgun sequencing and a hybridisation capture array (“HABbaits1”) to target three harmful dinoflagellate genera, Alexandrium, Gymnodinium, and Noctiluca. Bioinformatic and DNA damage analyses verified the authenticity of the sedaDNA sequences. Our results show that dinoflagellates of Alexandrium genera have been present off eastern Tasmania during the last ~8300 years, and we sporadically detected and unambiguously verified sequences of Gymnodinium catenatum that were present offshore up to ~7600 years ago. We also recovered sedaDNA of the fragile, soft-bodied Noctiluca scintillans with increased relative abundance since 2010, consistent with plankton surveys. This study enabled us to identify challenges of sedaDNA sequence validation (in particular for G. catenatum, a microreticulate gymnodinoid species) and provided guidance for the development of tools to monitor past and present HAB species and improvement of future HAB event predictions.
Model-based estimation of individual-level social determinants of health and its applications in All of Us
Authors: Kim Bo Young , Anthopolos Rebecca , Do Hyungrok , Zhong Judy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We introduce a widely applicable model-based approach for estimating individual-level Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) and evaluate its effectiveness using the All of Us Research Program.

Materials and Methods
Our approach utilizes aggregated SDoH datasets to estimate individual-level SDoH, demonstrated with examples of no high school diploma (NOHSDP) and no health insurance (UNINSUR) variables. Models are estimated using American Community Survey data and applied to derive individual-level estimates for All of Us participants. We assess concordance between model-based SDoH estimates and self-reported SDoHs in All of Us and examine associations with undiagnosed hypertension and diabetes.

Results
Compared to self-reported SDoHs, the area under the curve for NOHSDP is 0.727 (95% CI, 0.724-0.730) and for UNINSUR is 0.730 (95% CI, 0.727-0.733) among the 329 074 All of Us participants, both significantly higher than aggregated SDoHs. The association between model-based NOHSDP and undiagnosed hypertension is concordant with those estimated using self-reported NOHSDP, with a correlation coefficient of 0.649. Similarly, the association between model-based NOHSDP and undiagnosed diabetes is concordant with those estimated using self-reported NOHSDP, with a correlation coefficient of 0.900.

Discussion and Conclusion
The model-based SDoH estimation method offers a scalable and easily standardized approach for estimating individual-level SDoHs. Using the All of Us dataset, we demonstrate reasonable concordance between model-based SDoH estimates and self-reported SDoHs, along with consistent associations with health outcomes. Our findings also underscore the critical role of geographic contexts in SDoH estimation and in evaluating the association between SDoHs and health outcomes.
Reconstruction and denoising of high-dimensional seismic data via Frobenius-nuclear mixed norm constraints
Authors: Luo Fei , Yan Lanlan , Cai Jiexiong , Guo Kai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The seismic data acquisition design with ‘two-wide and one-high’ geometry effectively improves the imaging quality of seismic records. However, when data are acquired in the field, complex near surface conditions and environmental factors can introduce a variety of noises and gaps in seismic data, impacting the accuracy of seismic imaging. Currently, the method of low-rank matrix/tensor completion is commonly employed for data reconstruction after normal moveout (NMO). In a complex subsurface medium, common midpoint data processed with NMO may not satisfy the linear or quasi-linear assumptions within local data windows. Therefore, this paper exploits the inherent low-rank structure of high-dimensional data to propose a high-dimensional tensor completion method under the Frobenius-nuclear mixed norm constraint (FN-TC). This method unfolds the 4D data tensor into the frequency-space domain along its modes (m, n) and subsequently imposes a non-convex Frobenius-nuclear mixed norm constraint on the unfolded approximate matrices. This approach closely approximates the rank function of the factor matrices, thereby enhancing the accuracy of data modeling. Theoretical and practical studies demonstrate that the novel FN-TC approach can effectively reconstruct high-dimensional seismic data and suppress noise, thereby providing data support for subsequent high-precision seismic imaging.
Probing outbursts of the transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary Aql X-1 with NICER: a study of spectral evolution
Authors: Putha Karthik Gananath , Bhargava Yash , Bhattacharyya Sudip 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
X-ray observations of neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are useful for probing the physical processes close to the NS and for constraining source parameters. Aql X-1 is a transient NS LMXB that frequently undergoes outbursts and provides an excellent opportunity to study source properties and accretion mechanisms in a strong-gravity regime over a wide range of accretion rates. In this work, we systematically investigate the spectral evolution of Aql X-1 usingNICER observations during the source outbursts in 2019 and 2020. The NICER observations cover the complete transition of the source from its canonical hard state to a soft state and back. The spectra extracted from most observations can be explained by a partially Comptonized accretion disc. We find that the system can be described by an accretion disc with an inner temperature of $\sim 0.7$ keV and a Comptonizing medium of thermal electrons at $\sim 2$ keV, while the photon index is strongly degenerate with the covering fraction of the medium. We also find evidence of Fe K$\alpha$ fluorescence emission in the spectra, indicating reprocessing of the Comptonized photons. We observe an absorption column density higher than the Galactic column density for most of the observations, indicating a significant local absorption. For some of the observations in the 2020 outburst, however, the local absorption is negligible.
A phenomenological study of the evolution of shock-induced O i emission lines in the spectrum of nova V2891 Cygni
Authors: Pandey Ruchi , Srivastava Mudit K , Shaw Gargi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The eruption of Nova V2891 Cygni in 2019 offers a rare opportunity to explore the shock-induced processes in novae ejecta. The spectral evolution shows noticeable differences in the evolution of various oxygen emission lines such as O i 7773 Å, O i 8446 Å, O i 1.1286 μm, O i 1.3164 μm, etc. Here, we use spectral synthesis code cloudy to study the temporal evolution of these oxygen emission lines. Our photoionization model requires the introduction of a component with a very high density ($n \sim 10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$) and an enhanced oxygen abundance (O/H $\sim$ 28) to produce the O i 7773 Å emission line, suggesting a stratification of material with high oxygen abundance within the ejecta. An important outcome is the behaviour of the O i 1.3164 μm line, which could only be generated by invoking the collisional ionization models in cloudy. Our phenomenological analysis suggests that O i 1.3164 μm emission originates from a thin, dense shell characterized by a high density of about $10^{12.5}\!-\!10^{12.8}$ cm$^{-3}$, which is most likely formed due to the strong internal collisions. If such is the case, the O i 1.3164 μm emission presents itself as a tracer of shock-induced dust formation in V2891 Cyg. The collisional ionization models have also been successful in creating the high-temperature conditions ($\sim 7.07\!-\!7.49 \times 10^5$ K) required to reproduce the observed high ionization potential coronal lines, which coincide with the epoch of dust formation and evolution of the O i 1.3164 μm emission line.
Can teleparallel f(T) models play a bridge between early and late time Universe?
Authors: Kavya N S , Mishra Sai Swagat , Sahoo P K , Venkatesha V 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The ability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis theory to accurately predict the primordial abundances of helium and deuterium, as well as the baryon content of the Universe, is considered one of the most significant achievements in modern physics. In the present study, we consider two highly motivated hybrid $f(T)$ models and constrain them using the observations from the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis era. In addition, using late-time observations of Cosmic Chronometers and Gamma-Ray Bursts, the ranges of the model parameters are confined which are in good agreement with early time bounds. Subsequently, the common ranges obtained from the analysis for early and late time are summarized. Further, we verify the intermediating epochs by investigating the profiles of cosmographic parameters using the model parameter values from the common range. From this study, we find the considered teleparallel models are viable candidates to explain the primordial-intermediating-present epochs.
Interventional neurorehabilitation for glioma patients: A systematic review
Authors: Ekert Justyna O , Goyal Anshit , Young Jacob S , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , Berger Mitchel S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Harnessing the neuroplastic potential of the human brain is being increasingly recognized as an important neuro-oncological paradigm to facilitate safe resection of brain tumors while preserving neurological function and quality of life. Interventional neurorehabilitation, employing both invasive and noninvasive neuromodulation techniques, represents an important emerging therapeutic strategy to induce or enhance neural plasticity to promote functional recovery in brain tumor patients. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of interventional neurorehabilitation techniques for glioma patients.

Methods
In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, searches of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, and Cochrane were undertaken from database inception to November 28, 2023. Studies reporting on neuromodulation applied to glioma patients were included.

Results
Seven studies reporting findings from 118 patients met the inclusion criteria. Three neuromodulation techniques were identified and included transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) reported in 5 out of 7 (71.4%) studies; transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS); and continuous cortical electrical stimulation (cCES) using grid electrodes, reported in one study each. All studies applying noninvasive stimulation to ameliorate postoperative deficits demonstrated an improvement on at least one outcome measure. The 2 studies applying tDCS and cCES to induce plasticity reported evidence of functional reorganization.

Conclusions
There is emerging evidence of benefits of neuromodulation to improve postoperative outcome in glioma patients. In the current literature, noninvasive stimulation has shown to have a favorable safety profile. Large-scale, double-blind, sham-controlled trials are warranted to further investigate the effectiveness of these interventions for modulating different cognitive networks in patients undergoing glioma surgery.
‘From highs to lows: a cautionary tale of nitrous oxide recreational use leading to sub-acute combined degeneration of the cord’
Authors: Osman Ayman , Yousif Dalia , Hickman Simon , Branagh William 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background: Several causes lead to subacute combined degeneration (SACD) of the spinal cord, with nitrous oxide (N2O) inhalation rapidly emerging as the leading cause of functional Vitamin B12 deficiency [1]. Case Presentation: A 28-year-old man presented with numbness in the extremities and an unstable gait despite having a normal serum Vitamin B12 level. He also disclosed the recreational abuse of N2O. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine revealed abnormal signals consistent with SACD. The patient’s condition gradually improved after treatment with high dose Vitamin B12. Given the increasing number of N2O-induced SACD cases, the potential for drug abuse requires vigilance from clinicians. Conclusion: Healthcare providers are urged to inquire about a patient’s history of N2O inhalation to prevent the missed diagnosis of SACD.
Diabetic ketoacidosis masked by both Euglycemia and a primary metabolic alkalosis
Authors: Hillock Matthew F , Jarmon Cierra , Metropulos Anastasia E , King Rachael , Tchernodrinski Stefan , Principe Daniel R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening metabolic complication of diabetes classically associated with hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis. Though relatively uncommon, patients can also develop DKA with relative euglycemia, further complicating diagnosis. Here, we describe the case of a patient who presented with intractable vomiting secondary to diabetic gastroparesis. He was euglycemic, non-acidemic, and serum bicarbonate was within normal limits. However, labs were significant for ketonuria, an elevated anion gap, and an elevated beta-hydroxybutyrate. Given the high concern for euglycemic DKA in the setting of a competing primary metabolic alkalosis, he was transferred to the intensive care unit for intravenous insulin infusion and fluid resuscitation with significant clinical improvement and normalization of laboratory results. This serves as an important reminder that DKA can be masked by euglycemia as well as additional metabolic derangements, and should be suspected in any diabetic patient with an anion gap and/or ketosis.
Advancements in ectopic reservoir placement for inflatable penile prostheses
Authors: Wright Nicole M , Applewhite James P , Reddy Amit G , Khera Mohit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Traditional reservoir placement (RP) into the space of Retzius during three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis implantation has been associated with serious bladder, iliac vessel, and bowel complications, encouraging the development of “ectopic” RP methods.

Objectives
In this study we sought to document an up-to-date, comprehensive analysis of ectopic RP techniques regarding both patient satisfaction and clinical complications.

Methods
A PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library literature search of English language articles from 1966 to 2023 with keywords “inflatable,” “penile prosthesis,” “reservoir,” and “placement” gave 179 publications, 70 of which were included in a comprehensive chronology and investigation after review. Overall, 12 retrospective studies detailing 9 ectopic RP techniques were compared for discussion.

Results
Sufficient data for comparison were found for 9 ectopic RP methods: posterior/anterior to transversalis fascia (PTF/ATF); high submuscular (HSM); HSM “Five-Step” technique (HSM-FST); lateral retroperitoneal (LR); sub-external oblique (SEO); direct vision, transfascial (DVT); low submuscular with transfascial fixation (LSM w/ TFF); and midline submuscular reservoir (MSMR). Although rare, serious complications have occurred with the use of ectopic RP techniques: 2 bladder perforations on implantation with PTF RP, a delayed bowel obstruction with HSM RP, and a colonic injury in a patient with a history of colon surgery with LR RP. Generally, herniation is the most relevant clinical complication in ectopic RP. At the time of this review there was no reported herniation with LR, SEO, LSM w/ TFF, or MSMR, likely due to fixation steps and/or reinforced spaces. Regarding patient satisfaction, HSM, HSM-FST, and LSM w/ TFF had similarly high rates of patient satisfaction while other techniques had no patient satisfaction data available. Importantly, reservoir palpability/visibility relates directly to patient satisfaction. Levels of palpability and/or visibility were reported in patients who underwent PTF/ATF, HSM, HSM-FST, SEO, and LSM w/ TFF, whereas no palpability was reported in patients who underwent LR, DVT, and MSMR.

Conclusion
Proper comparison of ectopic methods is not possible without standardized patient surveys, consistent complication reporting, and larger sample sizes, indicating the need for a large, prospective, multisurgeon trial.