bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An implementation evaluation of a sports-based health intervention for underrepresented middle school youth in Philadelphia
Authors: Joyce Cara R , McLoughlin Gabriella M , Tripicchio Gina L , Jones Gareth J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Multicomponent, community-based programs aiming to improve health behaviors in youth are needed but can be challenging to implement. Research is needed to better understand the factors that facilitate and inhibit effective implementation of these programs especially for youth at increased risk of health disparities. This study aimed to identify and explore the implementation determinants and outcomes of a multicomponent health intervention conducted from 2021 to 2022 for middle school students living in underserved communities in Philadelphia, PA, USA. Mixed methods approaches, including self-report surveys and semi-structured qualitative interviews, were administered to 18 members of the implementation staff at the end of the program, including coaches (n = 7), assistant coaches (n = 2), school champions (n = 6), administrative leaders (n = 2), and a school district administrator (n = 1). Survey and interview questions were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and interviews were thematically coded following transcription based on 26 CFIR constructs. Innovation source, evidence strength and quality, cosmopolitanism, and the personal attributes of individuals were key constructs associated with implementation effectiveness. Data revealed three multidimensional themes that highlighted broader challenges influencing implementation: (i) broad consensus, different interpretations, (ii) staffing challenges, and (iii) continuity is key. The need for the program was clearly recognized and overall belief in the purpose of the intervention was strong among key program staff and administration. However, issues including limited engagement with training, staffing turnover, and the rotational programming design hindered implementation. Future projects aiming to implement multicomponent after-school time interventions must ensure a consistent vision among partners and continuity in program delivery.
Diverse biophysical mechanisms in voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.4 variants associated with myotonia
Authors: Tikhonova Tatiana B. , Sharkov Artem A. , Zhorov Boris S. , Vassilevski Alexander A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMutations in SCN4A gene encoding Nav1.4 channel α‐subunit, are known to cause neuromuscular disorders such as myotonia or paralysis. Here, we study the effect of two amino acid replacements, K1302Q and G1306E, in the DIII–IV loop of the channel, corresponding to mutations found in patients with myotonia. We combine clinical, electrophysiological, and molecular modeling data to provide a holistic picture of the molecular mechanisms operating in mutant channels and eventually leading to pathology. We analyze the existing clinical data for patients with the K1302Q substitution, which was reported for adults with or without myotonia phenotypes, and report two new unrelated patients with the G1306E substitution, who presented with severe neonatal episodic laryngospasm and childhood‐onset myotonia. We provide a functional analysis of the mutant channels by expressing Nav1.4 α‐subunit in Xenopus oocytes in combination with β1 subunit and recording sodium currents using two‐electrode voltage clamp. The K1302Q variant exhibits abnormal voltage dependence of steady‐state fast inactivation, being the likely cause of pathology. K1302Q does not lead to decelerated fast inactivation, unlike several other myotonic mutations such as G1306E. For both mutants, we observe increased window currents corresponding to a larger population of channels available for activation. To elaborate the structural rationale for our experimental data, we explore the contacts involving K/Q1302 and E1306 in the AlphaFold2 model of wild‐type Nav1.4 and Monte Carlo‐minimized models of mutant channels. Our data provide the missing evidence to support the classification of K1302Q variant as likely pathogenic and may be used by clinicians.
Medications for Opioid Use Disorder After Entering Residential Treatment: Evidence From Louisiana Medicaid
Authors: Li Wenshu , Eisenberg Matthew , Song Minna , Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Saloner Brendan 
Published: August 2024

Objective
Policies have attempted to increase the use of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during an admission to a residential treatment program, but little is known about the association of residential admission with subsequent MOUD use.

Methods
In a cohort study of Louisiana Medicaid beneficiaries age 18-64 with diagnosed opioid use disorder (OUD), weekly MOUD use and overdose for 20 weeks before and after an admission to residential treatment was analyzed using comparative interrupted time series regression. Participants with residential treatment admission between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020 (N = 12,222) were compared against a demographically similar group of people with OUD without residential treatment during the study period.

Results
The samples with residential treatment were largely male (61.9%), White (47.2%), and aged 30 to 39 years (41.4%). At baseline, people admitted to residential treatment were much less likely to use MOUD than the comparison group (4.2% lower, CI: 3.8%, 4.5%, P < 0.01). After admission, use of any MOUD initially increased by 3.1% (P < 0.01) relative to the comparison group, which reverted to the counterfactual trend by 20 weeks. Post-admission MOUD use differed widely by medication. Overdose incidence was highest in the weeks right before admission, but otherwise, it did not change during the study period.

Conclusions
Admission to residential treatment for OUD was associated with a temporary increase in MOUD use. Policy initiatives should focus on both boosting use of MOUD during residential treatment and sustaining access to MOUD in outpatient care in the weeks following discharge.
The Essex-Lopresti Injury
Authors: Heifner John J. , Gray Robert R.L. 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
The classic Essex-Lopresti injury (ELI) pattern is a radial head fracture and disruption of the central band, which compromises the longitudinal radioulnar relationship. Delayed recognition and inappropriate treatment of ELI can be devasting to a patient's function. The recent literature has demonstrated an improved understanding of the mechanism of ELI. This has facilitated early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and compelling outcomes. Further investigation will contribute to the standardization of treatment methods and algorithms for concomitant injury.
Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability
Authors: Kolovich Gregory P. , Heifner John J. , Falgiano Peter A. , Mahoney Brendan 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is vital to the stability and function of the wrist and forearm. The osseous morphology is variable and provides little stability. A complex of confluent soft tissues is the primary stabilizer; however, the contribution of each component has yet to be elucidated. It has become increasingly clear that the anatomic fixation of distal radius fractures restores DRUJ stability, obviating the need for additional DRUJ stabilization. This review will describe the anatomy and biomechanics of the DRUJ and discuss injury patterns, treatments, and clinical results.
Percutaneous Titanium Elastic Nail Stabilization for Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures: Surgical Technique and Case Series
Authors: Murphy Nicholas J. , Graan David , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
The stabilization of fractures of the anterior pelvic ring and anterior column of the acetabulum with antegrade or retrograde intramedullary screws has been frequently described. However, these narrow and nonlinear bony corridors can be challenging and dangerous to accommodate with rigid linear implants. Titanium elastic nails (TEN) are ideal implants to navigate in the narrow, irregular medullary canal in this anatomical location. This study aims to describe this surgical technique and its preliminary results. From April 2018 to October 2023, patients who underwent acute TEN stabilization of their pelvic or acetabular fractures were identified from a review of medical records at a Level 1 trauma center. A focused review of their clinical documentation was performed to describe their demographics, injury patterns, the surgical techniques used in their treatment, and their clinical and radiographic outcomes. During the almost 6-year period, 19 patients were identified (age: 39 ± 22 years; 74% male). There were 3 acetabulum and 16 pelvic ring fractures stabilized. One of the 19 patients underwent bilateral TEN fixation of the superior pubic rami. Patients were followed-up through hospital outpatient clinics postoperatively (median follow-up 14 months, IQR: 8–24 months). No fractures were complicated by nonunion or secondary displacement of the reduction. A 14-year-old patient required hardware removal due to irritation, and a 19-month-old patient underwent planned hardware removal due to her age. No patients have undergone hip arthroplasty to date, and there were no instances of infection or neurovascular injury. These preliminary results are promising and suggest that larger scale assessment of the indications and feasibility of TEN stabilization in pelvic and acetabular surgery is warranted.
Evaluating the Quality and Impact of TikTok Videos on Autologous Breast Reconstruction with Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Artery Flaps
Authors: Adepoju Jubril , Toms John A. , Webb Yvonne Clifvonne G. , Jones Kiana , Hercule Wilmene S. , Jeffreys Katharine E. , Raj Mamtha 
Published: August 2024

Background:
With the rising influence of social media on healthcare perceptions, this study investigates TikTok’s role in educating the public about autologous breast reconstruction, specifically focusing on deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic analysis of 152 TikTok videos related to deep inferior epigastric perforator flap procedures, evaluating the accuracy of the content, viewer engagement metrics, and the influence of content creator characteristics on viewer interactions.

Results:
Our analysis identified a wide variance in the quality of information, with many videos lacking in-depth educational content, thereby posing a risk of misinformation. Despite the presence of high-quality educational videos, there was a discrepancy between the educational value provided and viewer engagement levels. Thematic analysis highlighted common concerns among patients, providing insights for healthcare professionals to better tailor their social media content.

Conclusions:
The study underscores the significant impact of platforms like TikTok on patient education and emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to guide the narrative on social media and ensure the dissemination of accurate and helpful information, ultimately aiding patients in making informed decisions about their healthcare.
RETINAL ARTERIAL MACROANEURYSM COMBINED WITH BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION
Authors: Zhou Zigan , Lin Zhong , Guo Binghua , Yang Chen , Wu Xingyi , Sun Bi , Liu Yuhao , Wu Ronghan 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To summarize the causes of retinal arterial microaneurysm combined with branch retinal artery occlusion.

Methods:
The case reports of retinal arterial microaneurysm combined with branch retinal artery occlusion were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases before May 1, 2024. A total of nine participants from nine case reports were included to analyze factors leading to complications.

Results:
The reasons for this complication are as follows: complications during photocoagulation therapy. Intraretinal hemorrhage and exudation result in compression of adjacent or distal arteries, resulting in branch retinal artery occlusion. Embolus dislodgement or intraarterial embolus formation can block the artery, damage the wall, and provide conditions for the development of retinal arterial microaneurysm. In addition, it is necessary to be alert to the optic disk macroaneurysm, if hemorrhage or embolus formation in the macroaneurysm will affect the blood supply of the downstream artery, affecting a large range of the retina.

Conclusion:
Based on the review of case reports, we found that retinal arterial microaneurysm and branch retinal artery occlusion can cause each other. Acute vision loss can result when a complication occurs. In addition, retinal vascular diseases can reflect the whole body, suggesting that ophthalmologists need to pay attention not only to the patient's fundus but also to the patient's systemic diseases.
HIGH-RISK HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF RETINOBLASTOMA FOLLOWING PRIMARY ENUCLEATION
Authors: Kaliki Swathi , Vempuluru Vijitha S. , Bakal Komal Rajendra , Dorji Samten , Tanna Vishakha , Shields Charlotte N. , Fallon Samuel J. , Raval Vishal , Ahmad Alia , Mushtaq Asma , Hussain Mahvish , Yousef Yacoub A. , Mohammad Mona , Roy Soma Rani , Huque Fahmida , Tatiana Ushakova , Yuri Serov , Vladimir Polyakov , Zambrano Sandro Casavilca , Alarcón-León Sandra , Valdiviezo-Zapata Cinthya , Vargas-Martorellet Maria , Gutierrez-Chira Cynthia , Buitrago Mario , Ortiz Joana Sánchez , Diaz-Coronado Rosdali , Tripathy Devjyoti , Rath Suryasnata , Patil Gaurav , Berry Jesse L. , Pike Sarah , Brown Brianne , Tanabe Mika , Frenkel Shahar , Eiger-Moscovich Maya , Pe'er Jacob , Shields Carol L. , Eagle Ralph C. , Laiton Andrea , Velasco Ana Maria , Vega Katherine , DeSimone Joseph , Bejjanki Kavya Madhuri , Kapoor Anasua Ganguly , Venkataraman Anusha , Bryant Victoria , Reddy M. Ashwin , Sagoo Mandeep S. , Hubbard G. Baker , Azarcon Corrina P. , Olson Thomas A. , Grossniklaus Hans , Rolfe Olivia , Staffieri Sandra E. , O'Day Roderick , Mathew Anu A. , Elder James E. , McKenzie John D. , Fabian Ido Didi , Shemesh Rachel , Vishnevskia-Dai Vicktoria , Ali Mohammed Hasnat , Jakati Saumya , Mishra Dilip K. , Palkonda Vijay Anand Reddy ,   High-Risk Retinoblastoma Collaborative Study Group
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate high-risk histopathological features following primary enucleation of eyes with retinoblastoma and assess the patient outcomes across continents.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 1,426 primarily enucleated retinoblastoma eyes from five continents.

Results:
Of all, 923 (65%) were from Asia (AS), 27 (2%) from Australia (AUS), 120 (8%) from Europe (EUR), 162 (11%) from North America (NA), and 194 (14%) from South America (SA). Based on the continent (AS vs. AUS vs. EUR vs. NA vs. SA), the histopathological features included massive choroidal invasion (31% vs. 7% vs. 13% vs. 19% vs. 27%, P = 0.001), postlaminar optic nerve invasion (27% vs. 0% vs. 16% vs. 21% vs. 19%, P = 0.0006), scleral infiltration (5% vs. 0% vs. 4% vs. 2% vs. 7%, P = 0.13), and microscopic extrascleral infiltration (4% vs. 0% vs. <1% vs. <1% vs. 4%, P = 0.68). Adjuvant chemotherapy with/without orbital radiotherapy was given to 761 (53%) patients. Based on Kaplan–Meier estimates in different continents (AS vs. AUS vs. EUR vs. NA vs. SA), the 6-year risk of orbital tumor recurrence was 5% versus 2% versus 0% versus 0% versus 12% (P < 0.001), systemic metastasis was reported in 8% versus 5% versus 2% versus 0% versus 13% (P = 0.001), and death in 10% versus 3% versus 2% versus 0% versus 11% (P < 0.001) patients.

Conclusion:
There is a wide variation in the infiltrative histopathological features of retinoblastoma across continents, resulting in variable outcomes. SA and AS had a higher risk of orbital tumor recurrence, systemic metastasis, and death compared to AUS, EUR, and NA.
Integrating Genetics in Glaucoma Screening
Authors: Mackey David Anthony , Bigirimana Deus , Staffieri Sandra Elfride 
Published: August 2024

Précis:
As additional glaucoma genes are identified and classified, polygenic risk scores will be refined, facilitating early diagnosis and treatment. Ensuring genetic research is equitable to prevent glaucoma blindness worldwide is crucial.

Purpose:
To review the progress in glaucoma genetics over the past 25 years, including the identification of genes with varying contributions to the disease and the development of polygenic risk scores.

Methods/Results:
Over the last 2 and a half decades, glaucoma genetics has evolved from identifying genes with Mendelian inheritance patterns, such as myocilin and CYP1B1, to the discovery of hundreds of genes associated with the disease. Polygenic risk scores have been developed, primarily based on research in Northern European populations, and efforts to refine these scores are ongoing. However, there is a question regarding their applicability to other ethnic groups, especially those at higher risk of primary open angle glaucoma, like individuals of African ancestry. Glaucoma is highly heritable and family history can be used for cascade clinical screening programs, but these will not be feasible in all populations. Thus, cascade genetic testing using well-established genes such as myocilin may help improve glaucoma diagnosis. In addition, ongoing investigations seek to identify pathogenic genetic variants within genes like myocilin.

Conclusions:
The expanding availability of genetic testing for various diseases and early access to genetic risk information necessitates further research to determine when and how to act on specific genetic results. Polygenic risk scores involving multiple genes with subtle effects will require continuous refinement to improve clinical utility. This is crucial for effectively interpreting an individual’s risk of developing glaucoma and preventing blindness.
Screening Strategies and Methodologies
Authors: Founti Panagiota , Stuart Kelsey , Nolan Winifred P. , Khawaja Anthony P. , Foster Paul J. 
Published: August 2024

Précis:
While glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, it presents technical challenges in the design and implementation of screening. New technologies such as PRS and AI offer potential improvements in our ability to identify people at high risk of sight loss from glaucoma and may improve the viability of screening for this important disease.

Purpose:
To review the current evidence and concepts around screening for glaucoma.

Methods/Results:
A group of glaucoma-focused clinician scientists drew on knowledge and experience around glaucoma, its etiology, and the options for screening. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy affecting around 76 million individuals worldwide and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Early stages of the disease are asymptomatic meaning a substantial proportion of cases remain undiagnosed. Early detection and timely intervention reduce the risk of glaucoma-related visual morbidity. However, imperfect tests and a relatively low prevalence currently limit the viability of population-based screening approaches. The diagnostic yield of opportunistic screening strategies, relying on the identification of disease during unrelated health care encounters, such as cataract clinics and diabetic retinopathy screening programs, focusing on older people and/or those with a family history, are hindered by a large number of false-positive and false-negative results. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) offer personalized risk assessment for adult-onset glaucoma. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have shown impressive performance, comparable to expert humans, in discriminating between potentially glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes. These emerging technologies may offer a meaningful improvement in diagnostic yield in glaucoma screening.

Conclusions:
While glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, it presents technical challenges in the design and implementation of screening. New technologies such as PRS and AI offer potential improvements in our ability to identify people at high risk of sight loss from glaucoma and may improve the viability of screening for this important disease.
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Prostate Cancer: Magnetic Route
Authors: Molenaar Lennert , Roelink Herman J. H. , Stomps Saskia , Haken Bennie ten , Hulsbergen-van de Kaa Christina , Braak Sicco , Veltman Jeroen , Alic Lejla , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Prostate cancer is the predominant cancer type among Western men. Despite the application of radical treatments, a notable recurrence risk is linked to metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) beyond the standard resection area. Consequently, the concept of sentinel LN biopsy (SLNB) was introduced to pinpoint LNs draining from the primary tumor. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a tracer facilitating SLNB hold promise for preoperative LN staging. Therefore, the primary objective of this pilot study was to explore the potential of MNPs in aiding preoperative LN staging and detecting perioperative LNs.

Materials and Methods:
One day before the surgery, patients received ultrasound-guided transrectal injection of a magnetic tracer. MRI was acquired 1 hour after the injection. Magnetic measurements were conducted using 2 handheld probes on the resected material, following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Follow-up MRI was acquired 12 weeks postsurgery.

Results:
Two of the 12 patients had histopathologic-confirmed metastatic lymph nodes. Magnetic detectors identified a total of 113 lymph nodes, with 105 containing magnetic tracer at histopathology. Both magnetic detectors exhibited similar performance. Preoperative MNP-enhanced MRI revealed 166 lymph nodes, with 104 within and 62 outside the extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) area. Postoperative MRI displayed 95 lymph nodes, with 48 within and 47 outside the ePLND.

Conclusions:
This pilot study has proven the feasibility of a thorough magnetic procedure, evaluating its essential components: tracer injection, dispersion of sentinel lymph nodes in the pelvic region, identification of lymph nodes by magnetic nanoparticle MNP-enhanced MRI, and magnetic lymph node detection using two distinct devices.
Subgroup analyses and heterogeneity of treatment effects in randomized trials: a primer for the clinician
Authors: Spicer Alexandra B. , Cavalcanti Alexandre B. , Zampieri Fernando G. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
To date, most randomized clinical trials in critical care report neutral overall results. However, research as to whether heterogenous responses underlie these results and give opportunity for personalized care is gaining momentum but has yet to inform clinical practice guidance. Thus, we aim to provide an overview of methodological approaches to estimating heterogeneity of treatment effects in randomized trials and conjecture about future paths to application in patient care.

Recent findings
Despite their limitations, traditional subgroup analyses are still the most reported approach. More recent methods based on subphenotyping, risk modeling and effect modeling are still uncommonly embedded in primary reports of clinical trials but have provided useful insights in secondary analyses. However, further simulation studies and subsequent guidelines are needed to ascertain the most efficient and robust manner to validate these results for eventual use in practice.

Summary
There is an increasing interest in approaches that can identify heterogeneity in treatment effects from randomized clinical trials, extending beyond traditional subgroup analyses. While prospective validation in further studies is still needed, these approaches are promising tools for design, interpretation, and implementation of clinical trial results.