bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved temporal resolution for functional studies with reduced number of segments with three‐dimensional echo planar imaging
Authors: Narsude Mayur , van der Zwaag Wietske , Kober Tobias , Gruetter Rolf , Marques José P. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo introduce a new k‐space traversal strategy for segmented three‐dimensional echo planar imaging (3D EPI) that encodes two partitions per radiofrequency excitation, effectively reducing the number excitations used to acquire a 3D EPI dataset by half.MethodsThe strategy was evaluated in the context of functional MRI applications for: image quality compared with segmented 3D EPI, temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) (the ability to detect resting state networks compared with multislice two‐dimensional (2D) EPI and segmented 3D EPI, and temporal resolution (the ability to separate cardiac‐ and respiration‐related fluctuations from the desired blood oxygen level–dependent signal of interest).ResultsWhole brain images with a nominal voxel size of 2 mm isotropic could be acquired with a temporal resolution under half a second using traditional parallel imaging acceleration up to 4× in the partition‐encode direction and using novel data acquisition speed‐up of 2× with a 32‐channel coil. With 8× data acquisition speed‐up in the partition‐encode direction, 3D reduced excitations (RE)‐EPI produced acceptable image quality without introduction of noticeable additional artifacts. Due to increased tSNR and better characterization of physiological fluctuations, the new strategy allowed detection of more resting state networks compared with multislice 2D‐EPI and segmented 3D EPI.Conclusion3D RE‐EPI resulted in significant increases in temporal resolution for whole brain acquisitions and in improved physiological noise characterization compared with 2D‐EPI and segmented 3D EPI. Magn Reson Med 72:786–792, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved artery–vein separation with acceleration‐dependent preparation for non–contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Priest Andrew Nicholas , Taviani Valentina , Graves Martin John , Lomas David John 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo compare the use of acceleration‐dependent and velocity‐dependent flow‐preparation for non–contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (NCE‐MRA), investigating both image quality and the ability to discriminate between arteries and veins. We develop an acceleration‐dependent NCE‐MRA method known as acceleration dependent vascular anatomy for non–contrast‐enhanced MRA (ADVANCE‐MRA).MethodsAcceleration‐dependent and velocity‐dependent images were acquired using a constant and pulsatile flow‐phantom and from the lower legs of six healthy volunteers and one patient with peripheral vascular disease. The volunteer images were assessed both by quantitative signal measurements and qualitative scoring by a radiologist.ResultsIn the phantom, acceleration‐dependent preparation depicted pulsatile but not constant flow, while velocity‐dependent preparation depicted both. In the volunteers and the patient, the velocity‐dependent preparation was unable to separate the arterial and venous signals completely, with some overlap of arterial and venous signals for all acquired flow sensitizations whereas the acceleration‐dependent preparation gave complete artery–vein separation over a wide range of flow sensitizations. Acceleration‐dependent preparation received the best overall qualitative scores for arterial image quality and venous contamination.ConclusionAcceleration‐dependent NCE‐MRA improves arterial image quality and reduces venous contamination, compared with velocity‐dependent NCE‐MRA, and warrants further investigation in patients. Magn Reson Med 72:699–706, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of the plastic potential on plane strain failure
Authors: Lagioia Rocco , Panteghini Andrea 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe influence of the shape of the plastic potential in the deviatoric plane on plane strain collapse is investigated. The most commonly employed elastic‐perfect plastic models are considered, which adopt well‐known failure criteria for defining the yield and plastic potential surfaces, namely the von Mises, the Drucker–Prager, the Tresca, the Mohr–Coulomb and the Matsuoka–Nakai criteria. Finally, the conclusions are also extended to strain hardening/softening models. For simple constitutive models based on perfect plasticity, it is shown that the value of the Lode's angle at plastic collapse in plane strain conditions strongly depends on the specific failure surface adopted for reproducing the plastic potential surface. If the value of the Lode's angle at yield coincides with the failure value prescribed by the plastic potential, the stress–strain curves exhibit the typical perfect plastic behaviour with yield coinciding with failure, otherwise the stress changes after yield and the stress‐strain curves resemble those of strain hardening/softening models. The infinite strength which is in some situations exhibited by the Drucker–Prager model in plane strain condition is investigated and explained, and it is shown that this can also affect strain hardening/softening models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression, cytokines, and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Breitbart William , Rosenfeld Barry , Tobias Kristen , Pessin Hayley , Ku Geoffrey Y. , Yuan Jianda , Wolchok Jedd 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the relationships between cytokines, depression, and pancreatic cancer.MethodA total of 75 individuals were recruited from two New York City hospitals (a cancer center and a psychiatric hospital) and composed of four subgroups: patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who did (n = 17) and did not (n = 26) have a diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode (MDE), and healthy participants with (n = 7) and without (n = 25) MDE. All individuals completed a battery of self‐report measures. Sera was assayed using Meso Scale Discovery techniques to measure the following pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines: IL‐1beta, IL‐2, IL‐3, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IFN‐gamma, TGF‐beta, and TNF‐alpha; we also calculated the IL‐2/IL‐4 ratio.ResultsPancreatic cancer patients had significantly higher levels of IL‐6 and IL‐10 and significantly lower TGF‐beta levels than healthy participants. When the sample was divided into those with and without MDE, the groups only differed with regard to serum IL‐6 levels. No significant cancer and depression interaction effect was observed. Severity of depressive symptoms was also significantly correlated with IL‐6, rs = 0.28 and p = 0.02, whereas hopelessness was associated with IFN‐alpha, rs = 0.34 and p = 0.006. Pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance were associated with several of the cytokines assayed including IL‐1beta (pain intensity), IL‐4 (pain intensity and overall sleep quality), IL‐12p70 (pain intensity), and TGF‐beta (fatigue intensity), but anxiety was not associated with any of the cytokines assayed.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated an association between depression and IL‐6, but not with other cytokines. Moreover, IL‐6 was not significantly associated with other measures of psychological distress (anxiety and hopelessness) or with symptom distress (pain, fatigue, and sleep quality), although some cytokines assayed were associated with specific symptoms. The implications of these findings for the etiology and treatment of depression in pancreatic cancer patients are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of tools, languages, and methodologies for mashup development
Authors: Paredes‐Valverde Mario Andrés , Alor‐Hernández Giner , Rodríguez‐González Alejandro , Valencia‐García Rafael , Jiménez‐Domingo Enrique 
Published: October 2013

SummaryWeb 2.0 has become a powerful means of transmitting information in a number of fields, such as communication, e‐commerce, and entertainment. Nowadays, companies and organizations transmit specific information through different mechanisms, such as Web feeds and Web services. These data sources enable third parties to incorporate data from service providers into their own applications. On the basis of this understanding, mashups have emerged as a new approach to develop applications and which combine data and resources from heterogeneous sources—such as internal data sources, Web feeds, screen scraping, and Web services—with the aim of solving specific needs. Mashup development involves activities such as accessing heterogeneous sources, combining data from different data sources, and building graphical interfaces. These activities restrict the development of these kinds of applications only to experienced computer users. Today, a number of tools and programming languages are used to help carry out some of the aforementioned activities. These tools and programming languages have features enabling the integration of different technologies in order to solve problems such as data management from different data sources and content publication. If this is taken into account, there is a growing need to learn about the features, advantages, and disadvantages of these tools and programming languages in order to select the tool or language that best fits a specific need and a specific level of knowledge and experience in terms of software development. This paper presents a systematic review and analysis of the tools, programming languages, and software development methodologies involved in mashup development in order to learn more about the features and services provided by mashups. Furthermore, this research also explains the qualitative and quantitative evaluation used for the mashup development tools. The evaluation was performed in order to measure not only the usability of these tools but also the support that they provide for standardized features of Web development that they provide. Finally, new trends in the development of mashups are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of research for transforming youth agencies
Authors: Baizerman Michael , Rence Emily , Johnson Sean 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCurrent philosophy and practice urge, even require for funding, that programs be empirically based and grounded in empirically proven emerging, promising, or best practices. In most of the human services, including youth programs, services, and practices, this requirement is a goal as well as an ideal. Empirical research and evaluation can be used in many ways. This article describes how it can be used for problem construction, a sociopolitical process that intentionally transforms data into “problems,” the latter to mobilize and respond to the conditions documented in and by the data. This is the research strategy used primarily in an effort to transform a community youth service agency.
A Low‐dimensional Viologen/Iodoargentate Hybrid [(BV)2­(Ag5I9)]n: Structure, Properties, and Theoretical Study
Authors: Chen Qiu‐Yan , Cheng Xian , Wang Tao , Yu Zi‐Hao , Zhang Chong , Lin Shu‐Kun , Li Hao‐Hong , Chen Zhi‐Rong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract A new low‐dimensional benzyl viologen/iodoargentate hybrid, [(BV)2(Ag5I9)]n (1) (BV2+ = benzyl viologen) was prepared. In 1, (Ag6I9)n2– chain exhibits a new type of one‐dimensional chain constructed from vertex‐sharing of Ag5I10 units, and its two‐dimensional layer structure was constructed from C–H···I hydrogen bonds. Strong luminescence at 404 nm can be detected in 1. DFT calculation suggests that 1 displays a reduced bandgap, which is led by a more dispersed LUMO band of BV2+ compared with MV2+ in [MV(Ag2I4)]n.
The Energetic Nitrocarbamate O2NN(H)CO[OCH2C(NO2)3] Derived from Phosgene
Authors: Axthammer Quirin J. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Moll Richard , Rest Sebastian F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new simple synthesis route for 2,2,2‐trinitroethyl chloroformate (1), from easily available starting materials 2,2,2‐trinitroethanol and phosgene is presented. 2,2,2‐Trinitroethyl carbamate (2) was obtained by the reaction of 1 with aqueous ammonia. The nitration of 2 with anhydrous nitric acid and sulfuric acid yields 2,2,2‐trinitroethyl nitrocarbamate (3), which has potential as a perchlorate free high energetic dense oxidizer with a high oxygen balance of Ω(CO2) = +14.9 %. The thermal stability was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the energies of formation were calculated on the CBS‐4M level of theory, as well as several detonation parameters and propulsion properties were determined. In addition to full spectroscopic characterization, X‐ray diffraction studies were performed for 2 and 3.
Factors Influencing Clinically Significant Delayed Gastric Emptying After Subtotal Stomach‐Preserving Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Sato Go , Ishizaki Yoichi , Yoshimoto Jiro , Sugo Hiroyuki , Imamura Hiroshi , Kawasaki Seiji 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSubtotal stomach‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (SSPPD), in which the pylorus ring is resected and most of the stomach is preserved, has been performed recently in Japan. This study was undertaken to clarify the incidence of delayed gastric emptying (DGE) after SSPPD at a high‐volume hospital and to determine the independent factors that influence the development of DGE after SSPPD.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2011, 201 consecutive patients underwent standardized SSPPD. After SSPPD, DGE (defined according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery) was analyzed, and associated variables were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses, retrospectively.ResultsClinically significant DGE (grades B and C) occurred in 35 (17 %) of the 201 patients; 26 patients had other accompanying abdominal complications (secondary DGE), and pancreatic leakage was the sole risk factor for DGE (odds ratio 6.63, 95 % CI 2.86–15.74; p < 0.001). Only nine (4 % of all patients) of the 35 patients with clinically significant DGE were classified as having DGE that had arisen without any obvious etiology (primary DGE).ConclusionsDGE after SSPPD is strongly linked to the occurrence of other postoperative intra‐abdominal complications such as pancreatic fistula. The incidence rate of primary DGE after SSPPD was 4 %. Although the ISGPS classification of DGE is clearly applicable, the grades do not explain why DGE occurs. Primary and secondary DGE should therefore be defined separately.
Non‐specific accumulation of glycosphingolipids in GNE myopathy
Authors: Patzel Katherine A. , Yardeni Tal , Le Poëc‐Celic Erell , Leoyklang Petcharat , Dorward Heidi , Alonzi Dominic S. , Kukushkin Nikolay V. , Xu Bixue , Zhang Yongmin , Sollogoub Matthieu , Blériot Yves , Gahl William A. , Huizing Marjan , Butters Terry D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundUDP‐GlcNAc 2‐epimerase/ManNAc 6‐kinase (GNE) is a bifunctional enzyme responsible for the first committed steps in the synthesis of sialic acid, a common terminal monosaccharide in both protein and lipid glycosylation. GNE mutations are responsible for a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder, GNE myopathy (also called hereditary inclusion body myopathy). The connection between the impairment of sialic acid synthesis and muscle pathology in GNE myopathy remains poorly understood.MethodsGlycosphingolipid (GSL) analysis was performed by HPLC in multiple models of GNE myopathy, including patients’ fibroblasts and plasma, control fibroblasts with inhibited GNE epimerase activity through a novel imino sugar, and tissues of GneM712T/M712T knock‐in mice.ResultsNot only neutral GSLs, but also sialylated GSLs, were significantly increased compared to controls in all tested models of GNE myopathy. Treatment of GNE myopathy fibroblasts with N‐acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), a sialic acid precursor downstream of GNE epimerase activity, ameliorated the increased total GSL concentrations.ConclusionGNE myopathy models have increased total GSL concentrations. ManNAc supplementation results in decrease of GSL levels, linking abnormal increase of total GSLs in GNE myopathy to defects in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. These data advocate for further exploring GSL concentrations as an informative biomarker, not only for GNE myopathy, but also for other disorders of sialic acid metabolism.
The Effect of Pulley Reconstruction on Maximum Flexion, Bowstringing, and Gliding Coefficient in the Setting of Zone II Repair of FDS and FDP: A Cadaveric Investigation
Authors: Stanbury Spencer J. , English Christopher , Yaseen Zaneb , Reed Jeffrey D. , Chen Tony , Awad Hani , Elfar John C. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of A2 pulley reconstruction on gliding coefficient (GC), bowstringing, and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint maximum flexion angle after zone II repair of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) lacerations. Methods Fresh frozen cadaver forearms were mounted, and the wrist and MCP joints fixed. FDS and FDP tendons were dissected free, and sequential loads were applied while digital images were captured. The dissected digit with intact native A2 pulley, FDS, and FDP tendons was used as the control (group 1). Zone II lacerations followed by four-stranded repair of FDP plus epitendinous suture and repair of FDS were then performed, and the data recorded (group 2). A2 pulley excision and reconstruction with a loop of palmaris longus autograft was then completed and the specimens sequentially loaded and photographed (group 3). Using the digital images, GC, bowstringing, and maximum flexion angle were calculated. Results No difference in maximum flexion angle was observed across the three testing conditions. Zone II laceration and subsequent FDS and FDP tendon repair significantly increased the GC for group 2 specimens; however, pulley reconstruction alleviated some of this increase for group 3. Bowstringing was significantly greater after pulley reconstruction, with a mean increase of 1.9 mm at maximum flexion for group 3 specimens relative to group 1 controls. Discussion Strong flexor tendon repairs are needed to prevent gap formation and subsequent triggering; however, the increased bulk from these large repairs can itself produce deleterious triggering, as well as tendon abrasion. Pulley reconstruction, in the setting FDP and FDS repair (group 3), significantly reduced the GC relative to tendon repair alone (group 2). While bowstringing was significantly greater after pulley reconstruction (group 3), it averaged only 1.9 mm over group 1 specimens and did not compromise maximum flexion angle compared to the uninjured controls (group 1) or the isolated tendon repair digits (group 2).
Cells Were a More Important Foaming Factor than Free Rhamnolipids in Fermentation of Pseudomonasaeruginosa E03‐40 for High Rhamnolipid Production
Authors: Sodagari Maysam , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRhamnolipids are among the best‐known biosurfactants. Severe foaming occurs in aerobic rhamnolipid fermentation and negatively affects operation and economics of the biosurfactant production. In this study the foaming properties were examined with samples taken along a Pseudomonas aeruginosa fermentation that produced 55 g l−1 rhamnolipids with a maximum volumetric productivity of 0.080 g l−1 h−1 and a maximum specific productivity of 0.013 g g−1 h−1. For a better understanding of the process, the broth samples were also centrifuged to prepare cell‐free supernatants and cell suspensions in water, and all samples were evaluated under fixed foaming conditions. In addition to the time profiles of foam rise, the initial foaming rates and maximum foam volumes were determined. Contrary to the general assumption, the cells, not rhamnolipids, were the main foaming agents in the fermentation. Soluble components including rhamnolipids had secondary roles. Supernatant foaming was higher after the culture entered the rhamnolipid‐producing stationary phase; however, the foaming appeared to decrease with increasing rhamnolipid concentrations at high concentrations (>15 g l−1). The pH effects on foaming of broths, supernatants, and cell suspensions were also studied. Broth foaming was 55 and 80 % less at pH 5.5 and 5.0, respectively, compared to that at pH 6.5. Cell growth and rhamnolipid production at lower pH should be included in future studies. In addition, strain selection or genetic engineering and medium modification to reduce cell hydrophobicity are suggested as useful strategies to address the foaming issue of rhamnolipid fermentation.
Identification of Distinct Monocyte Phenotypes and Correlation With Circulating Cytokine Profiles in Acute Response to Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study
Authors: Huang Wan , Vodovotz Yoram , Kusturiss Mary B. , Barclay Derek , Greenwald Karen , Boninger Michael L. , Coen Paul M. , Brienza David , Sowa Gwendolyn 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundMacrophage infiltration to the injury site during the acute response to traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is not uniform. Macrophage phenotype has been characterized as either proinflammatory (M1) or anti‐inflammatory (M2). Results of animal studies suggest that M1 or M2 dominance at the site of injury relates to spontaneous recovery after SCI.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the phenotype of circulating macrophage precursors‐monocytes (MO) is altered in the acute phase of SCI and corresponds to circulating inflammatory cytokines.Study DesignA prospective observational cohort study.SettingA single academic medical center in Pennsylvania.PatientsA cohort of 27 subjects with complete or incomplete traumatic SCI enrolled within 7 days after SCI injury.MethodsThe MO phenotype was defined within the first week after SCI by using flow cytometry and was compared with that of historic uninjured controls. Concentrations of 25 cytokines and/or chemokines were assessed by using Luminex in serial blood samples up to 2 weeks after SCI. An analysis of variance was used to determine the correlations between the phenotypes and the cytokine profiles.ResultsPatient subsets were identified with either M1‐ or M2‐dominant circulating MOs distinct from the uninjured controls. The M1 dominant was associated with higher circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)12p70 and interferon gamma‐induced protein 10 kDa (IP‐10/CXCL10), and lower levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐10, IL‐15, and IL‐7, whereas the M2 dominant exhibited the opposite cytokine profiles with significantly higher IL‐10 and IL‐7.ConclusionIn the acute phase after SCI, at comparable injury severity, subgroups of patients exhibit distinct M1 or M2 MOs dominance and the phenotype is correlated with M1‐ or M2‐specific cytokine and/or chemokine profiles. Although further studies are needed to determine how these observed phenotypic differences relate to functional recovery, our findings (1) provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that indicates the possible individual differences in the immune responses to the comparable traumatic SCI, with potential implications for management of acute SCI and rehabilitation; and (2) may represent easily accessible biomarkers with prognostic utility.