bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exhaled Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hookah Smokers: A Public Health Concern
Authors: Alnashwan Arwa , Hakamy Ali , Gongol Brendan , Alismail Abdullah , Horn Michael , Marin Traci L 
Published: June 2015

Current public policy does not reflect health risk awareness associated with hookah smoking. Although, cigaretteÃ‚Â smoking has gained considerable attention accompanied by public restrictions, hookah smoking continues toÃ‚Â increase as an unrestricted, socially acceptable means of recreation. This study identified novel biomarkersÃ‚Â altered by hookah smoking compared to cigarette smoking using exhaled breath condensate collected fromÃ‚Â nonsmokers, hookah smokers and cigarette smokers pre and post smoking. Both cigarette and hookah smokershad higher levels of inflammatory mediators suggestive of inflammasome activation as well as altered expressionÃ‚Â of miR-217 and miR-17, which are known to regulate inflammasome activation and promote oncogenesis. Toassess current public knowledge of risk factors and behaviors associated with hookah smoking, and if knowledgeÃ‚Â of hookah dangers would influence smoking behaviors, the experimental data were integrated into a surveyÃ‚Â emphasizing cancer risk associated with hookah smoking. Survey results indicated that 70% of study participantsÃ‚Â were encouraged to abstain from hookah smoking after gaining knowledge of cancer risk associated with hookah.Ã‚Â The identification of behaviors associated with hookah smoking and novel biomarkers of health risk may influenceits public health regulation and facilitate community health education.
The Effect of Age, Gender, Refractive Status and Axial Length on the Measurements of Hertel Exophthalmometry
Authors: Karti Omer , Selver Ozlem B , Karahan Eyyup , Zengin Mehmet O , Uyar Murat 
Published: June 2015

Purpose :
To evaluate the normal distribution of exophthalmometric values in Turkish adult population and the effect of age, gender, refractive status and axial length on globe position.

Methods :
One hundred and twenty-two males and 114 healthy females with age ranging from 18 to 87 years were included in the study. The study population was recruited from patients presenting to our institution for routine refractive examination. Hertel exophthalmometer was used to measure the degree of ocular protrusion. Effect of age, refractive error, interpupillary distance, and axial length on globe position was detected with linear regression analyses.

Results :
The mean Hertel exophthalmometric size was 15.7+2.6 mm (range; 11 to 21 mm). The mean value for males was 16.1±2.6 mm (range; 11 to 21 mm), and for females 15.5±2.6 mm (range; 11 to 20 mm). The mean distance between the lateral rims of the orbit was 102 + 5.1 mm (range; 88 to 111mm). The mean exophthalmometric values were not statistically different in males and females. Age and mean spherical equivalents were negatively correlated with exophthalmometric measurements. Axial length was positively correlated with exophthalmometric measurements.

Conclusion :
The exophthalmometric measurement of the eye is affected by the age, spherical equivalent and the axial length. Standard normative values of the Hertel exophthalmometric measurements should be reevaluated with larger samples.
Some Facts about Trigonometry and Euclidean Geometry
Authors: Coghetto Roland 
Published: June 2015

Summary
We calculate the values of the trigonometric functions for angles: [XXX] , by [16]. After defining some trigonometric identities, we demonstrate conventional trigonometric formulas in the triangle, and the geometric property, by [14], of the triangle inscribed in a semicircle, by the proposition 3.31 in [15]. Then we define the diameter of the circumscribed circle of a triangle using the definition of the area of a triangle and prove some identities of a triangle [9]. We conclude by indicating that the diameter of a circle is twice the length of the radius
Diagnostic value of electrocardiogram stress testing in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Badarienė Jolita , Čelutkienė Jelena , Petrikonytė Dovilė , Balsytė Jūratė , Rinkūnienė Egidija , Ryliškytė Ligita , Dženkevičiūtė Vilma , Čypienė Alma , Kizlaitis Romualdas , Puronaitė Roma , Laucevičius Aleksandras 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of exercise stress testing to detect coronary heart disease (CHD) in the group of patients with metabolic syndrome.

Design and methods: 2803 patients without prior diagnosis of CHD and identified metabolic syndrome were investigated. Subjects underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) stress testing and, depending on the results, coronary angiography and/or coronary computed tomography angiography to detect hemodynamically significant stenosis. CHD was confirmed, if lumen narrowing ≥ 50% of coronary arteries was found.

Results: Exercise stress testing was interpreted as positive in 12% patients (71.7% women and 28.3% men). CHD was diagnosed in 45 patients (1.6%), 23 of them had positive exercise stress testing. ECG stress testing was more frequently positive in patients, who had typical/atypical anginal chest pain, dyspnea and/or non-anginal chest pain, in comparison to asymptomatic patients (16.6% vs 8.9%, p <0.001). CHD was more often diagnosed in symptomatic patients compared to patients with no symptoms (6.1% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001, women 5.3% vs 0.6%, p < 0.001, men respectively 8% vs 0.8%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Diagnostic value of exercise stress testing for detecting CHD is limited in population with metabolic syndrome. CHD was more prevalent in patients with chest pain or dyspnea than in asymptomatic patients.
Utility of PET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent ovarian cancer depending on CA 125 serum level
Authors: Fularz M. , Adamiak P. , Czepczynski R. , Jarzabek-Bielecka G. , Rewers A. , Kędzia W. , Ruchała M. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic value of common application of CA 125 level measurement and 18F-FDG PET/CT examination in patients with a suspicion of recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients, methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a group of 68 patients aged 31–77 (average 57.7) with a suspicion of relapsing ovarian cancer who had CA 125 serum level measurement and PET/CT examination done with a maximum interval of 60 days. Results: PET/CT examination result was positive in 33 patients (48.5%) and negative in 35 (51.5%). Level of CA 125 was significantly higher in women with a positive PET/ CT result than in patients with a negative one (average 199.9 U/ml and 15.7 U/ml, respectively, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, comparison of CA 125 level in groups defined according to the localization of the relapse showed no significant differences. Moreover, the ROC analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off point of CA 125 concentration to predict positive PET/CT result was 17.6 U/ml. Area under the curve was 0.91. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in prognosticating positive PET/CT result for the selected cut-off point of 17.6 U/ml were 90.9%, 80.0% and 85.3%, respectively. Conclusion: CA 125 level does not depend on the localization of the recurrence. PET/CT is particularly useful in patients with a suspicion of relapsing ovarian cancer with CA 125 value of at least 17.6 U/ml.
Developmental morphology of flattened shoots in Dalzellia ubonensis and Indodalzellia gracilis with implications for the evolution of diversified shoot morphologies in the subfamily Tristichoideae (Podostemaceae)
Authors: Fujinami Rieko , Imaichi Ryoko 
Published: June 2015

• Premise of the study: Podostemaceae is a unique family of aquatic angiosperms that grow in swift‐running water on rock surfaces in the tropics. Their plant bodies show a remarkable adaptation: the main plant body is mostly creeping or flattened, or in extreme cases foliose, functioning as an adhering and photosynthetic organ. In the subfamily Podostemoideae, the root is foliose, whereas in the subfamily Tristichoideae, the shoot is foliose. An evolutionary scenario for the foliose root has already been proposed, but that for the foliose shoot remains to be addressed.• Methods: Shoots of Indodalzellia gracilis and Dalzellia ubonensis (subfamily Tristichoideae) were observed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Gene expression patterns of orthologs of marker genes for the shoot apical meristem, i.e., SHOOT MERISTEMLESS and WUSCHEL, in D. ubonensis were analyzed.• Key results: When very young, the phyllotaxis is tristichous in both genera: a set of one dorsal and two marginal leaves forms. When the shoot branches, extra‐axillary buds of two subsequent marginal leaves form as new (lateral) shoots, and the original shoot stops growing; this growth pattern is called sympodial branching. Due to zonal growth in the common zone just below the original and lateral shoot apices, flattened or foliose shoots result. The expression patterns of DuSTM and DuWUS in the shoot apices of Dalzellia were similar to those published for Terniopsis.• Conclusions: The foliose shoots of Indodalzellia and Dalzellia evolved as a result of congenital fusion among several original and lateral branches, each of which grows separately in other Tristichoideae.
Increased Occurrence of Mutant rtI233V of HBV in Patients Receiving Adefovir Therapy
Authors: Liu Yan , Xin Shaojie , Ye Xiaoling , Chen Rongjuan , Xu Zhihui , Li Xiaodong , Ye Haiyan , Cheng Shuquan , Xu Dongping 
Published: June 2015

Background The study aimed to clarify whether the rtI233V substitution affects adefovir (ADV) resistance. Methods A total of 18,419 patients from Beijing 302 Hospital were investigated. HBV complete reverse transcriptase region of the polymerase was screened by direct sequencing and verified by clonal sequencing if necessary. Replication-competent wild-type and mutant HBV genomic amplicons were transfected into HepG2 cells for phenotypic analysis of viral replication capacity and drug susceptibility. Results The rtI233V substitution was detected in 38/5,344 (0.71%) ADV-treated patients and in 8/13,075 patients without receiving ADV ( P<0.001). Eight patients with rtI233V ± rtA181V/rtN236T had virological breakthrough in the clinical course of ADV treatment. Phenotypic analysis showed that rtI233V mutants from patient 1 and patient 2 exhibited 1.57-fold and 1.51-fold decreased susceptibility to ADV, respectively, compared to wild-type virus; by contrast, rtN236T and rtI233V+N236T mutants from patient 1 had 6.82-fold and 5.28-fold decreased susceptibility to ADV. rtI233V, rtN236T and rtI233V+N236T mutants had 97.5%, 30.2% and 69.7% of replication capacity compared to wild-type virus in the absence of antivirals and all remained susceptible to lamivudine, entecavir and tenofovir. Viral replication capacity correspondingly decreased after eliminating rtI233V from rtI233V+N236T mutant and was restored after introducing rtI233V into rtN236T mutant. In clinical practice, switching to entecavir rescue therapy suppressed HBV DNA to an undetectable level for both patients. Conclusions rtI233V usually emerged in ADV-treated patients with little impact on ADV susceptibility but it effectively restored replication capacity of the rtN236T mutant, suggesting that rtI233V may partly serve as a compensatory mutation associated with ADV resistance.
Genetic Factors for the Severity of ACPA-negative Rheumatoid Arthritis in 2 Cohorts of Early Disease: A Genome-wide Study
Authors: de Rooy Diederik P.C. , Tsonaka Roula , Andersson Maria L.E. , Forslind Kristina , Zhernakova Alexandra , Frank-Bertoncelj Mojca , de Kovel Caroline G.F. , Koeleman Bobby P.C. , van der Heijde Désirée M.F.M. , Huizinga Tom W.J. , Toes René E.M. , Houwing-Duistermaat Jeanine J. , Ospelt Caroline , Svensson Björn , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H.M. 
Published: June 2015

Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is negative for anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) is a subentity of RA, characterized by less severe disease. At the individual level, however, considerable differences in the severity of joint destruction occur. We performed a study on genetic factors underlying the differences in joint destruction in ACPA-negative patients.Methods.A genome-wide association study was done with 262 ACPA-negative patients with early RA included in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic and related to radiographic joint destruction over 7 years. Significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were evaluated for association with progression of radiographic joint destruction in 253 ACPA-negative patients with early RA included in the Better Anti-Rheumatic Farmaco Therapy (BARFOT) study. According to the Bonferroni correction of the number of tested SNP, the threshold for significance was p < 2 × 10−7 in phase 1 and 0.0045 in phase 2. In both cohorts, joint destruction was measured by Sharp/van der Heijde method with good reproducibility.Results.Thirty-three SNP associated with severity of joint destruction (p < 2 × 10−7) in phase 1. In phase 2, rs2833522 (p = 0.0049) showed borderline significance. A combined analysis of both the Leiden and BARFOT datasets of rs2833522 confirmed this association with joint destruction (p = 3.57 × 10−9); the minor allele (A) associated with more severe damage (for instance, after 7 yrs followup, patients carrying AA had 1.22 times more joint damage compared to patients carrying AG and 1.50 times more joint damage than patients carrying GG). In silico analysis using the ENCODE and Ensembl databases showed presence of H3K4me3 histone mark, transcription factors, and long noncoding RNA in the region of rs2833522, an intergenic SNP located between HUNK and SCAF4.Conclusion.Rs2833522 might be associated with the severity of joint destruction in ACPA-negative RA.
Sensitivity and Reproducibility of Ultrasonography in Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition in Knee Cartilage: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ottaviani Sébastien , Juge Pierre-Antoine , Aubrun Aurore , Palazzo Elisabeth , Dieudé Philippe 
Published: June 2015

Objective.To compare the ability to detect calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals deposition (CPPD) in knee cartilage by ultrasonography (US) and radiography.Methods.Patients with knee effusion were consecutively included and underwent radiography and US evaluation of knees. Diagnosis of CPPD was made by the identification of CPP crystals. Two blinded rheumatologists performed US assessment.Results.We included 51 patients (25 with CPPD). US revealed hyperechoic spots in all 25 patients with CPPD (sensitivity 100%, specificity 92.3%), whereas radiography revealed CPPD in 16 (sensitivity 64%, specificity 100%; p < 0.0001).Conclusion.US of knees is more sensitive than radiography for CPPD diagnosis.
Predictors of Clinical Remission under Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Treatment in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Pooled Analysis from Large Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Koenig Andrew S. , Jones Heather , Szumski Annette , Collier David , Bananis Eustratios 
Published: June 2015

Objective.Investigate the role and relation of disease duration of different factors for achieving clinical remission with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Data pooled from 4 large (n = 1281) clinical trials were used to compare disease duration subgroups for placebo or sulfasalazine (SSZ) versus etanercept (ETN), which, in turn, were analyzed by age of diagnosis ≤ 40 versus > 40 years, HLA-B27 status, and baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN) versus > ULN using chi-square tests, and ANCOVA. The primary efficacy measure was Assessments of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) partial remission (PR) after 12 weeks of treatment. Also analyzed were Bath AS Disease Activity Index and Functional Index, AS Disease Activity Scores, and ASAS response rates.Results.Overall, a larger percentage of patients achieved ASAS-PR with ETN versus SSZ or placebo. More patients with ≤ 2-year disease duration treated with ETN experienced partial remission (34%) versus longer disease duration (30%, 27%, and 22% for > 2–5, > 5–10, and > 10 yrs, respectively; all p < 0.05). In the subgroup of patients with both disease duration ≤ 2 years and aged ≤ 40 years at diagnosis, the treatment response was even more pronounced. Similar results were seen in HLA-B27–positive patients in the disease duration ≤ 2-year subgroup. Overall, patients with high CRP at baseline had better treatment responses compared with patients with normal CRP.Conclusion.Treatment response under anti-TNF treatment with ETN at 12 weeks was greatest among patients with disease duration ≤ 2 years and even more pronounced in subgroups of patients ≤ 40 years old or HLA-B27–positive at diagnosis.
The Use of Polysymptomatic Distress Categories in the Evaluation of Fibromyalgia (FM) and FM Severity
Authors: Wolfe Frederick , Walitt Brian T. , Rasker Johannes J. , Katz Robert S. , Häuser Winfried 
Published: June 2015

Objective.The polysymptomatic distress (PSD) scale is derived from variables used in the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) fibromyalgia (FM) criteria modified for survey and clinical research. The scale is useful in measuring the effect of PSD over the full range of pain-related clinical symptoms, not just in those who are FM criteria-positive. However, no PSD scale categories have been defined to distinguish severity of illness in FM or in those who do not satisfy the FM criteria. We analyzed the scale and multiple covariates to develop clinical categories and to further validate the scale.Methods.FM was diagnosed according to the research criteria modification of the 2010 ACR FM criteria. We investigated categories in a large database of patients with pain (2732 with rheumatoid arthritis) and developed categories by using germane clinic variables that had been previously studied for severity groupings. By definition, FM cannot be diagnosed unless PSD is at least 12.Results.Based on population categories, regression analysis, and inspections of curvilinear relationships, we established PSD severity categories of none (0–3), mild (4–7), moderate (8–11), severe (12–19), and very severe (20–31). Categories were statistically distinct, and a generally linear relationship between PSD categories and covariate severity was noted.Conclusion.PSD categories are clinically relevant and demonstrate FM type symptoms over the full range of clinical illness. Although FM criteria can be clinically useful, there is no clear-cut symptom distinction between FM (+) and FM (−), and PSD categories can aid in more effectively classifying patients.
Effect of Urate-lowering Therapy on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-cause Mortality in Patients with Gout: A Case-matched Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Jiunn-Horng , Lan Joung-Liang , Cheng Chi-Fung , Liang Wen-Miin , Lin Hsiao-Yi , Tsay Gregory J. , Yeh Wen-Ting , Pan Wen-Harn 
Published: June 2015

Objective.To examine (1) the risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and from all causes in patients with gout who do not undergo urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and (2) the effect of ULT on mortality risk in patients with gout.Methods.In this prospective case-matched cohort study, 40,623 Taiwanese individuals aged ≥ 17 years were followed for 6.5 years. Mortality rate was compared between 1189 patients with gout who did not receive ULT and reference subjects (no gout, no ULT) matched for age, sex, and the index date of gout diagnosis (1:3 patients with gout/reference subjects), and between 764 patients with gout who received ULT and 764 patients with gout who did not receive ULT matched 1-to-1 based on their propensity score and the index date of ULT prescription. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate the respective risk of CVD (International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. code 390–459) and all-cause mortality.Results.After adjustment, patients with gout not treated with ULT had an increased risk of CVD mortality (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.33–4.45) and all-cause mortality (1.45, 1.05–2.00) relative to the matched reference subjects (no gout, no ULT). Patients with gout treated with ULT had a lower risk of CVD (0.29, 0.11–0.80) and all-cause mortality (0.47, 0.29–0.79) relative to patients with gout not treated with ULT. This survival benefit persisted for users of either allopurinol or benzbromarone.Conclusion.Patients with gout who received ULT had significantly better survival rates than those who did not. Thus, undertreatment of gout has serious negative consequences.
L’islamisme en terre d’islam majoritaire
Authors: Seniguer Haouès 
Published: June 2015

Les échecs subis en 2014 par l’islamisme dans l’aire arabo-musulmane annoncent-ils son déclin et l’autonomisation du politique à l’égard des autorités religieuses ? Ou masquent-ils la réalité de sociétés dans lesquelles l’autonomie du politique, qui suppose l’État de droit, en est encore à son début ? Selon l’auteur, sans tomber dans le piège du culturalisme, il faut revenir à l’imbrication du religieux et du politique dans les sociétés musulmanes pour comprendre l’assise sociale de l’islamisme, sa longévité et sa force de pénétration.
À quoi ça sert si on ne peut pas s’amuser ?
Authors: Graeber David , Bautzer Arthur 
Published: June 2015

L’existence du jeu dans le monde animal est considérée comme une sorte de scandale intellectuel et, plus généralement, l’idée même d’une liberté, d’une liberté ludique, celle par exemple du fameux « électron libre », au sein du monde naturel. Or pourquoi l’existence d’actions entreprises pour le pur plaisir d’agir nous surprend-elle autant ? N’y a-t-il pas là une sorte d’énigme qui en dit-il long sur nous-mêmes ? N’est-il alors pas plus réaliste, et plus amusant, comme nous y invite cet article, de considérer qu’il y a un principe de jeu à la base de toute la réalité physique ?
League of Legends , le triomphe planétaire d’un jeu vidéo
Authors: Prom Emmanuel 
Published: June 2015

S’il existe bien un thème qui pousse la société à se questionner sur la place du jeu au xxi e siècle, c’est avant tout le jeu vidéo, plus particulièrement sa légitimité à être pratiqué autrement que comme un loisir pour adolescent introverti. Le succès du jeu vidéo League of Legends est indéniablement représentatif de ce questionnement. Ce jeu, pensé par des joueurs, pour des joueurs et avec les ambitions de rendre le médium populaire au sens littéral du terme, a réussi ce qu’aucun autre jeu n’a atteint : mettre en avant l’humain. À travers cet univers virtuel, le défi était de convaincre non pas les joueurs de jouer mais les non-joueurs de regarder. Les moyens innovants mis en place pour renouveler les compétitions de ce jeu ont transformé le simple programme informatique en phénomène de société. Ainsi, le jeu est devenu spectacle et le spectacle s’est mué en sport. Cristallisant, par cette occasion, l’attention du public non pas sur le sportif professionnel mais sur le joueur.
Jouer/donner/s’adonner
Authors: Caillé Alain 
Published: June 2015

Jeu comme don ne prennent valeur et sens que de leur écart à la réalité matérielle, utilitariste et fonctionnelle. Les deux instaurent avec l’autre une relation de réversibilité et d’amitié à travers la rivalité. Enfin, le jeu comme le don mettent en scène au plus haut point une marge de liberté parce que le résultat en est indéterminé et inconnu. L’un comme l’autre sont de l’ordre du risque et du pari. Mais on n’est susceptible d’être « pris » par le don ou par le jeu, de s’y adonner, que parce qu’il y a un au-delà du don et du jeu qui est de l’ordre de ce que la tradition phénoménologique allemande appelle la donation, la Gegebenheit , le fait que tout un ensemble de choses parmi les plus précieuses (à commencer par la vie même, par la nature, l’air, etc.) nous sont comme données. C’est aussi pour participer de ce domaine de la donation et de la grâce, même fugacement pour l’entr’apercevoir, que l’on se donne et que l’on joue. Que l’on s’adonne.