bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior Facet Settling and Changes in Bohler’s Angle in Operatively and Nonoperatively Treated Calcaneus Fractures
Authors: Gonzalez Tyler A. , Lucas Robert C. , Miller Timothy J. , Gitajn I. Leah , Zurakowski David , Kwon John Y. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Patients with calcaneus fractures often exhibit settling of the posterior facet with a corresponding decrease in Bohler’s angle (BA) following either operative or nonoperative treatment. Both injury BA and postoperative BA have been shown to be prognostic for outcomes; however, the demographic and surgeon-specific factors that may contribute to settling have not been critically examined in the literature. The purpose of this study was to identify these causative factors. Methods: 234 patients with intra-articular calcaneus fractures were analyzed. All patients had preoperative plain radiographs, at least 5 months of orthopedic follow-up, and computed tomography scanning performed. BA was measured on the injury radiographs for all patients. For operatively treated patients, BA was measured on the immediate postoperative radiographs and compared with the last available radiograph. For nonoperatively treated patients, BA was measured on the last available radiograph. All patients were fully weightbearing at the time of final follow-up but not on initial radiographs due to their recent injury. Demographic data including age, gender, energy of injury mechanism, tobacco use, diabetes, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and substance/alcohol abuse were retrospectively collected. Fractures were classified using the Essex-Lopresti and Sanders classifications. Time to full weightbearing was documented, as were any reports of noncompliance with weightbearing restrictions. For patients treated operatively, type of fixation (calcaneal-specific perimeter plate, nonperimeter plate, screw fixation), use of locking screws, use of bone graft or graft substitutes, and the number of screws supporting the posterior facet were documented. Results: There was a statistically significant amount of settling within the operative and nonoperative groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in settling of BA between the groups. The average settling of BA for the operative and nonoperative group was 8 degrees. Age greater than 50 years, diabetes, and alcohol abuse were all statistically significant and independent predictors of BA settling irrespective of treatment. Conclusion: The amount of BA settling between the operative and nonoperative group was not significant and showed an average decrease of 8 degrees in each group. However, the amount of settling that we found, irrespective of treatment, increased with patient age, alcohol abuse, and diabetes. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
A case study of healthcare professional views on the meaning of data produced by hand hygiene auditing
Authors: Dawson Carolyn H 
Published: June 2015

Background: Measurement of hand hygiene (HH), crucial for patient safety, has acknowledged flaws stemming from methods available. Even direct observation, the World Health Organization gold standard, may lead to behaviour changes which can affect outcome validity. However, it remains important to understand current levels of HH to allow targeted interventions to be developed. This has resulted in wider adoption of auditing processes. Aim: This study addressed how healthcare professionals perceive data generated by HH auditing processes. Methods: Qualitative study involving participatory observation and semi-structured interviews with 30 healthcare professionals recruited from a large National Health Service (NHS) two-hospital site in England. Findings: Healthcare professionals perceived two main problems with HH measurement, both associated with feedback: (1) lack of clarity with regard to feedback; and (2) lack of association between training and measurement. In addition, concerns about data accuracy led the majority of participants (22/30) to conclude audit feedback is often ‘meaningless’. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals require meaningful data on compliance with HH to engender change, as part of a multimodal strategy. Currently healthcare professionals perceive that data lack meaning, and are not seen as drivers to improve HH performance. Potential opportunities to change practice and improve HH are being missed.
Disc Golf, a Growing Sport
Authors: Nelson Joseph T. , Jones Richard E. , Runstrom Michael , Hardy Jolene 
Published: June 2015

Background Disc golf is a sport played much like traditional golf, but rather than using a ball and club, players throw flying discs with various throwing motions. It has been played by an estimated 8 to 12 million people in the United States. Like all sports, injuries sustained while playing disc golf are not uncommon. Although formalized in the 1970s, it has grown at a rapid pace; however, disc golf–related injuries have yet to be described in the medical literature. Purpose To describe the most common injuries incurred by disc golf players while comparing the different types of throwing styles. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods The data in this study were collected from 883 disc golf players who responded to an online survey collected over a 1-month period. Respondents answered 49 questions related to demographics, experience, style of play, and injury details. Using a chi-square analysis, common injuries sustained in players using backhand and forehand throwing styles were compared. Results More than 81% of respondents stated that they had sustained an injury playing disc golf, including injuries to the elbow (n = 325), shoulder (n = 305), back (n = 218), and knee (n = 199). The injuries were most commonly described as a muscle strain (n = 241), sprain (n = 162), and tendinitis (n = 145). The type of throw primarily used by players varied, with 86.2% using backhand, 12.7% using forehand, and 1.1% using an overhead throw. Players using a forehand throw were more likely to sustain an elbow injury ( P = .014). Many players (n = 115) stated they had undergone surgery due to a disc golf–related injury, with the most common surgeries including meniscal, shoulder, spine, and foot/ankle surgeries. Conclusion The majority of surveyed disc golfers sustained at least 1 injury while playing disc golf, with many requiring surgery. The types of injuries sustained by players varied by the types of throw primarily used. As the sport of disc golf continues to expand, health professionals should be aware of injuries sustained, with future studies focusing on injury prevention and education strategies.
RAP-011 improves erythropoiesis in zebrafish model of Diamond-Blackfan anemia through antagonizing lefty1
Authors: Ear Jason , Huang Haigen , Wilson Tianna , Tehrani Zahra , Lindgren Anne , Sung Victoria , Laadem Abderrahmane , Daniel Thomas O. , Chopra Rajesh , Lin Shuo 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsRibosome deficiency in zebrafish leads to defects in erythroid maturation and is reversed by RAP-011 treatment. Identification of lefty1 as a key mediator of erythropoiesis.
Electronic Coupling in Nanoscale InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Pairs Separated by a Thin Ga(Al)As Spacer
Authors: Liu Yao , Liang Baolai , Guo Qinglin , Wang Shufang , Fu Guangsheng , Fu Nian , Wang Zhiming M , Mazur Yuriy I , Salamo Gregory J 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The electronic coupling in vertically aligned InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) pairs is investigated by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. A thin Al0.5Ga0.5As barrier greatly changes the energy transfer process and the optical performance of the QD pairs. As a result, the QD PL intensity ratio shows different dependence on the intensity and wavelength of the excitation laser. Time-resolved PL measurements give a carrier tunneling time of 380 ps from the seed layer QDs to the top layer QDs while it elongates to 780 ps after inserting the thin Al0.5Ga0.5As barrier. These results provide useful information for fabrication and investigation of artificial QD molecules for implementing quantum computation applications.
Early resolution of subretinal fluid without high-dose corticosteroids in a pregnant patient with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a case report
Authors: Sugita Keijiro , Mizumoto Kyoichi , Kato Nahoko , Zako Masahiro 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
At present, there is no standard of treatment using systemic high-dose corticosteroids in cases of pregnant women with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. Although high-dose systemic corticosteroid treatment is often used for VKH disease during pregnancy, it also poses a risk to the fetus.

Findings
A 29-year-old woman in the 34th week of pregnancy experienced bilateral metamorphopsia. She had been receiving 5 mg of prednisolone daily for the past 8 years as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. In order to prevent progression of bilateral serous retinal detachment caused by VKH disease, we recommended the use of high-dose systemic corticosteroids but the patient refused. Thus, we administered only topical ophthalmic betamethasone for mild anterior uveitis. Surprisingly, however, the bilateral bullous retinal detachment healed in just 19 days after the onset of symptoms. A healthy baby was born 1 month later, and sunset glow fundus was subsequently observed without any recurrence of uveitis.

Conclusions
We report a case in which bilateral subretinal fluid caused by VKH disease in a young woman during late pregnancy resolved without high-dose corticosteroid treatment. Pregnancy may have had a beneficial effect on uveitis activity caused by VKH disease. To our knowledge, this report describes the shortest healing period for bilateral bullous retinal detachment in a pregnant woman with VKH disease.
Comprehensive gene panels provide advantages over clinical exome sequencing for Mendelian diseases
Authors:   Saudi Mendeliome Group
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background
To understand the contribution of Mendelian mutations to the burden of undiagnosed diseases that are suspected to be genetic in origin, we developed a next-generation sequencing-based multiplexing assay that encompasses the ~3000 known Mendelian genes. This assay, which we term the Mendeliome, comprises 13 gene panels based on clinical themes, covering the spectrum of pediatric and adult clinical genetic medicine. We explore how these panels compare with clinical whole exome sequencing (WES).

Results
We tested 2357 patients referred with suspected genetic diagnoses from virtually every medical specialty. A likely causal mutation was identified in 1018 patients, with an overall clinical sensitivity of 43 %, comparing favorably with WES. Furthermore, the cost of clinical-grade WES is high (typically more than 4500 US dollars), whereas the cost of running a sample on one of our panels is around 75–150 US dollars, depending on the panel. Of the “negative” cases, 11 % were subsequently found by WES to harbor a likely causal mutation in a known disease gene (largely in genes identified after the design of our assay), as inferred from a representative sample of 178. Although our study population is enriched for consanguinity, 245 (24 %) of solved cases were autosomal dominant and 35 (4 %) were X-linked, suggesting that our assay is also applicable to outbred populations.

Conclusions
Despite missing a significant number of cases, the current version of the Mendeliome assay can account for a large proportion of suspected genetic disorders, and provides significant practical advantages over clinical WES.
Spectrum sharing on interference channels with a cognitive relay
Authors: Li Qiang , Pandharipande Ashish , Ting See Ho , Ge Xiaohu 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, an interference channel with a cognitive relay (IFC-CR) is considered to achieve spectrum sharing between a licensed primary user and an unlicensed secondary user. The CR assists both users in relaying their messages to the respective receivers, under the constraint that the performance of the legacy primary user is not degraded. Without requiring any non-causal knowledge, the CR uses a successive interference cancellation to first decode the primary and secondary messages after a transmission phase. A power allocation is then performed to forward a linear weighted combination of the processed signals in the relaying phase. Closed-form expressions of the end-to-end outage probability are derived for both primary and secondary users under the proposed approach. Furthermore, by exploiting the decoded primary and secondary messages in the first phase, we propose the use of dirty paper coding (DPC) at CR to pre-cancel the interference seen at the secondary (or primary) receiver in the second phase, which results in a performance upper bound for the secondary (or primary) user without affecting the other user. Simulation results demonstrate that with a joint consideration of the power control at the secondary transmitter and the power allocation at CR, performance gains can be achieved for both primary and secondary users.
A decade of labour market reforms in the EU: insights from the LABREF database
Authors: Turrini Alessandro , Koltay Gabor , Pierini Fabiana , Goffard Clarisse , Kiss Aron 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper analyses the main features and determinants of labour market reforms in the EU over the period of 2000–2011 using the European Commission LABREF database. The data suggests that the timing, focus, and geographical distribution of reforms reflect the interplay between economic shocks and existing institutions. The 2008 crisis was followed by increased policy activity in most policy domains in a large number of EU countries, initially to cushion the impact of the crisis on employment and incomes, subsequently to improve the adjustment capacity of labour markets. Regression analysis indicates that reform activism is stronger in countries with lower GDP per capita and long-standing EU membership, under critical economic and labour market conditions, and where political costs are low. The direction of reforms is affected by economic and labour market conditions, available fiscal space, and by initial policy settings.

JEL classification: J20, J38, J48, J58, J68
Noise-based monitoring and imaging of aseismic transient deformation induced by the 2006 Basel reservoir stimulation
Authors: Hillers Gregor , Husen Stephan , Obermann Anne , Planès Thomas , Larose Eric , Campillo Michel 
Published: June 2015

We have analyzed the time-dependent properties of the ambient seismic wavefield between 0.1 and 8 Hz to detect, resolve, monitor, and image the deformation induced by the water injection associated with the stimulation of the 2006 Deep Heat Mining Project in the city of Basel, Switzerland. The application of passive methods allowed the detection of an aseismic transient of approximately 35 days’ duration that began with the onset of the reservoir stimulation. Peak deformation was reached some 15 days after the bleed-off and after the induced seismicity ceased. We resolved a significant increase in seismic velocities and a simultaneous decorrelation of the noise correlation coda waveforms. The wavefield properties implied that the material response was monitored mainly in the sedimentary layer ([Formula: see text]) above the stimulated volume that was approximately 4.5 km deep. We inverted the velocity-change and decorrelation data to estimate the spatial distribution of the medium changes. The resulting images showed that the strong velocity variations and medium perturbations were generally colocated with the lateral distribution of the induced seismicity. Positive velocity changes and damage around the injection site indicated subsidence, settling, and compaction of the material overlying the stimulated volume. Our results demonstrate that noise-based analysis tools can provide important observables that are complementary to results obtained with standard microseismicity tools. Passive monitoring and imaging have the potential to mature into routinely applied observation techniques that support reservoir management in a variety of geotechnical contexts, such as for mining, fluid injection, hydraulic fracturing, nuclear waste management, and [Formula: see text] storage.
Characterization of an APC Promoter 1B deletion in a Patient Diagnosed with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis via Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing
Authors: Kalbfleisch Ted , Brock Pamela , Snow Angela , Neklason Deborah , Gowans Gordon , Klein Jon 
Published: June 2015

Recently, deletions have been identified and published as causal for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the 1B promoter region of the APC gene. Those deletions were measured using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Here, we present and characterize an ~11kb deletion identified by whole genome shotgun sequencing. The deletion occurred in a patient diagnosed with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, and was located on chr5, between bases 112,034,824 and 112,045,845, fully encompassing the 1B promoter region of the APC gene. Results are presented here that include the sequence evidence supporting the presence of the deletion as well as base level characterization of the deletion site. These results demonstrate the capacity of whole genome sequencing for the detection of large structural variants in single individuals.
Naturopathic medicine: Nine parts negative, one part positive
Authors: Temple Norman 
Published: June 2015

Naturopathic medicine, also known as naturopathy, is a type of complementary and alternative medicine. It appeals to many people, especially those who desire a “holistic” approach to both prevention and treatment. While there is much variation in the types of treatment used by different naturopaths, commonly used ones include acupuncture, herbalism, and homeopathy. These types of treatment often lack sound supporting evidence of efficacy. But at the same time naturopaths are often hostile to conventional drugs, even those that are of proven effectiveness and pose little risk of harmful side effects. Many naturopaths employ treatments, such as diet, herbs, fasting, and colonic irrigation that are claimed to “detoxify” the body and thereby lead to improved health. There is a complete absence of supporting evidence for this type of therapy. Some aspects of the theories and practices employed by naturopaths are well supported by the evidence. In particular, the emphasis that naturopaths place on leading a healthy lifestyle so as to prevent disease is entirely consistent with modern concepts in this area. Overall, the positive aspects of naturopathy are greatly outweighed by the negative aspects.
An overview of the infrageneric nomenclature of Ficus (Moraceae)
Authors: Pederneiras Leandro Cardoso , Carauta Jorge Pedro Pereira , Neto Sergio Romaniuc , Vidal de Mansano Freitas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe infrageneric nomenclature of Ficus, the largest genus in the Moraceae, is reviewed. We call attention to three overlooked subgeneric names, F. subg. Terega Raf., F. subg. Sycomorus Raf. and F. subg. Spherosuke Raf., and four sectional names, F. sect. Cordifoliae G. Don, F. sect. Pogonotrophe (Miq.) Miq., F. sect. Platyphyllae Mildbr. & Burret and F. sect. Urostigma (Endl.) Griseb., that have priority over other long‐used subgeneric and sectional names. We also effect a new combination into Ficus based on Urostigma sect. Apiosycea Miq. In addition, we designate types for 6 generic and 17 infrageneric names.
A new cryptic species in a new cryptic genus in the Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae) from the seasonally dry inter‐Andean valleys of South America
Authors: Gagnon Edeline , Hughes Colin E. , Lewis Gwilym P. , Bruneau Anne 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe generic affiliation of the Andean species Caesalpinia trichocarpa, C. mimosifolia, and their close relatives has remained uncertain in all recent studies of Caesalpinia s.l. (Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae). A new densely sampled phylogeny based on four DNA sequence regions (rps16, trn D‐trnT, ycf6‐ psbM, ITS) strongly supports the monophyly of an Andean clade. We propose that despite the lack of obvious diagnostic morphological synapomorphies, this Andean group should be considered as a distinct genus, here described as the new genus Arquita. Phylogenetic analyses also suggest a problem with species delimitation in this group. Within C. trichocarpa, accessions from disjunct geographic areas in Argentina, Bolivia and Peru each form a robustly supported, unresolved clade that includes C. mimosifolia. The morphological and genetic cohesiveness of the C. trichocarpa complex is investigated using morphometric phenetic analyses of qualitative and quantitative flower and leaf traits, and reconstruction of a densely sampled phylogeny using three plastid and one nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence loci. Our results suggest that the most geographically isolated of these clades, narrowly endemic to two inter‐Andean valleys in central‐north Peru and separated by ∼1350 km, and extensive high Andean cordilleras above 4000 m, from the nearest populations in Bolivia, represents a genetically highly distinct and morphologically cryptic lineage here described as a new species (Arquita grandiflora). A full taxonomic account of the new genus Arquita and its component species is provided, with a distribution map and a key to the species.
On a Notion of «Religious Extremism»
Authors: Оганесян  , Oganesyan Sergey 
Published: June 2015

This article looks into meaning of the expression “religious extremism”. It
is shown that this expression appeared right on the turning point of the
humankind going from one mental civilization to another not by a mere coincidence.
A direct link between essential nature of monotheism and extremism
is being revealed. Characteristics of religious extremism manifestations
in various mental civilizations are being determined; the supranational and
suprastate nature of monotheistic religion is shown. The background is provided
for an idea that tolerance to different world outlooks, ideas, views and
positions is nothing but a distinctive feature of modern mental civilization –
this of “scientific worldview”.
Difficulties of criminal responsibility for mediation in bribery
Authors: Новгородцев Виктор , Novgorodtsev Viktor 
Published: June 2015

The article deals with the problem of criminalization of bribery intermediary as an independent crime.
Socially dangerous acts are committed when a direct transfer of a bribe in a large amount on behalf of the briber or the bribe-taker takes place or otherwise facilitates the briber and (or) the bribe-taker to achieve or implement the agreement between the receiving and giving bribes.
The first - a classic mediation - transmission subject of a bribe in the chain &#34;briber-taker&#34;, the mediator may not be unique.
The second type of mediation in bribery - otherwise promote the briber and (or) the bribe-taker to achieve or implement the agreement between receiving and giving bribes, which can be of two types:
1) to contribute to the achievement of an agreement between the briber and the bribe taker (can be expressed in the search for potential bribe giver or taker, negotiations to reach an agreement);
2) to contribute to the implementation of the agreement, which takes place after the transfer agreement and conditions bribes reached (can be in providing subject of bribes to arrange a bribe).
Criminal liability for intermediation in bribery occurs only if the mentioned actions committed in a significant amount, ie, amount of money, the value of securities, other property, property-related services, other property rights in exceed of twenty-five thousand rubles.