bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Surrogated Approach for Optimizing a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine With Straight Blades
Authors: Sanaye Sepehr , Rezaeian Parsa , Farvizi Armin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTVertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) has a rotating axis perpendicular to the wind direction. This type of wind turbine that is suitable for urban environments has low wind direction dependency and noise. In this research, a novel surrogated approach for optimizing a VAWT is proposed, used, tested, and verified, which is not reported in literature. The proposed method consisted of 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of wind flow through the wind turbine with FLUENT software by solving the unsteady turbulent equations. However, 3D CFD analysis was time and cost consuming to obtain the output result (power coefficient) from input values (airfoil chord length, pitch angle, and tip speed ratio as turbine design variables). Thus, artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to obtain weight functions to correlate FLUENT software inputs and outputs after learning process. Finally, genetic algorithm was used for maximizing the turbine power coefficient considering three defined design variables. The optimum value of power coefficient was improved to 0.244, and the optimum values of design variables for blade chord length, blade pitch angle, and blade tip speed ratio were 0.218, −0.453, and 1.24, respectively. This novel surrogated method reduced the computational time and cost of VAWT optimizing considerably.
Wind Tunnel Tests of a Thick Wind Turbine Airfoil
Authors: Mouton Sylvain , Peter Schaffarczyk Alois , Timmer Nando 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis article reports about a wind‐tunnel experiment carried out in the ONERA F2 low‐speed wind tunnel on a model of the DU 97‐W‐300Mod airfoil designed for wind turbine application. The wind tunnel, the airfoil model, and experimental techniques used are presented, with special emphasis on the data processing and corrections required to derive airfoil forces and pressure distribution. To better document the flow physics at play, the results are illustrated by infrared thermography and surface oil flow visualization. The test allowed investigating Reynolds number effects between 1 and 3.8 millions. To ameliorate the understanding of the benefits and limitations of such airfoil testing, one section is devoted to the comparison of present results with previous experiments in other wind tunnels. Some of the difficulties arising in airfoil testing are evidenced and discussed to contribute to the improvement of test methods.
Axial anomalies of maximally supersymmetric tensor theories
Authors: Yi Piljin , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We revisit anomalies of (4, 0) and (3, 1) maximally supersymmetric tensor theories in d = 6. A (4, 0) on-shell tensor multiplet descends to that of the d = 5 maximal supergravity upon a dimensional reduction, hypothesized to offer a strong-coupled UV completion of the latter in the same sense of (2, 0) theories as the UV completion of d = 5 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 pure Yang-Mills. The gravitational anomalies, found to be nonvanishing, had been computed, although its relevance in the absence of the d = 6 metric is not obvious. We perform a comprehensive anomaly computation for (4, 0) and (3, 1) tensor supermultiplets, respectively, for Sp(4) and Sp(3) × Sp(1) R-symmetry anomalies and the mixed R-gravitational anomaly thereof, and find that anomalies involving R-symmetries cancel out identically. We close with questions on how to address the anomaly in this class of theories with no general covariance.
Algebras and their covariant representations in quantum gravity
Authors: Bahiru Eyoab 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study a physically motivated representation of an algebra of operators in gravitational and non gravitational theories called the covariant representation of an algebra. This is a representation where the symmetries of the operator algebra are implemented unitarily on the Hilbert space. We emphasize the very close similarity of this representation to the crossed product of an algebra. In fact, as an example of (and sometimes identified with) a covariance algebra, the crossed product of an algebra is in one to one correspondence with the covariant representation of the algebra. This will in turn illuminate physically what the crossed product algebra is in the context of quantum gravity.
Canonical Typicality for Other Ensembles than Micro-canonical
Authors: Teufel Stefan , Tumulka Roderich , Vogel Cornelia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe generalize Lévy’s lemma, a concentration-of-measure result for the uniform probability distribution on high-dimensional spheres, to a much more general class of measures, so-called GAP measures. For any given density matrix $$\rho $$
ρ
on a separable Hilbert space $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
, $${\textrm{GAP}}(\rho )$$

GAP
(
ρ
)

is the most spread-out probability measure on the unit sphere of $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
that has density matrix $$\rho $$
ρ
and thus forms the natural generalization of the uniform distribution. We prove concentration-of-measure whenever the largest eigenvalue $$\Vert \rho \Vert $$

‖
ρ
‖

of $$\rho $$
ρ
is small. We use this fact to generalize and improve well-known and important typicality results of quantum statistical mechanics to GAP measures, namely canonical typicality and dynamical typicality. Canonical typicality is the statement that for “most” pure states $$\psi $$
ψ
of a given ensemble, the reduced density matrix of a sufficiently small subsystem is very close to a $$\psi $$
ψ
-independent matrix. Dynamical typicality is the statement that for any observable and any unitary time evolution, for “most” pure states $$\psi $$
ψ
from a given ensemble the (coarse-grained) Born distribution of that observable in the time-evolved state $$\psi _t$$

ψ
t

is very close to a $$\psi $$
ψ
-independent distribution. So far, canonical typicality and dynamical typicality were known for the uniform distribution on finite-dimensional spheres, corresponding to the micro-canonical ensemble, and for rather special mean-value ensembles. Our result shows that these typicality results hold also for $${\textrm{GAP}}(\rho )$$

GAP
(
ρ
)

, provided the density matrix $$\rho $$
ρ
has small eigenvalues. Since certain GAP measures are quantum analogs of the canonical ensemble of classical mechanics, our results can also be regarded as a version of equivalence of ensembles.
Standardized Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis for Climate Change Assessment (S-IPTA)
Authors: Alashan Sadık , Abu Arra Ahmad , Şişman Eyüp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch and applications on trend analysis have recently been on the agenda and are top priorities in many disciplines due to the effects of climate change. After a thorough evaluation of the literature, it is noted that different hydro-meteorological variables, such as precipitation, temperature, etc., are studied and analyzed individually. This research proposes a new innovative polygon trend analysis application (S-IPTA) using the standardization concept to fill this gap in classical trend applications and comprehensively compare the trends of different variables to temporal and spatial patterns. Firstly, using statistical standardization, S-IPTA adjusts the original data sets and makes them dimensionless. Then, the innovative trend analyses are conducted and interpreted on one single graph (S-IPTA). The S-IPTA methodology is applied to monthly precipitation and temperature time series of Konya Basin in Türkiye at ten meteorological stations between 1959 and 2022. For precipitation, the S-IPTA did not exhibit a consistent polygon across all stations within the study area, while the temperature polygon was more regular, indicating that the temperature mean was generally stable with a positive trend. Also, S-IPTA shows the difference between the average value for each month and the newly proposed long-term average value (0). S-IPTA also provides a basis for a better interpretation of climate change and its effects by providing a common denominator for various trend characteristics, such as trend magnitudes and trend transitions in different hydro-meteorological time series.
The use of technology in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a narrative review
Authors: Liarakos Alexandros L. , Lim Jonathan Z. M. , Leelarathna Lalantha , Wilmot Emma G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes, which represents 90% of diabetes cases globally, is a major public health concern. Improved glucose management reduces the risk of vascular complications and mortality; however, only a small proportion of the type 2 diabetes population have blood glucose levels within the recommended treatment targets. In recent years, diabetes technologies have revolutionised the care of people with type 1 diabetes, and it is becoming increasingly evident that people with type 2 diabetes can also benefit from these advances. In this review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the role of technologies for people living with type 2 diabetes and the evidence supporting their use in clinical practice. We conclude that continuous glucose monitoring systems deliver glycaemic benefits for individuals with type 2 diabetes, whether treated with insulin or non-insulin therapy; further data are required to evaluate the role of these systems in those with prediabetes (defined as impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose and/or HbA1c levels between 39 mmol/mol [5.7%] and 47 mmol/mol [6.4%]). The use of insulin pumps seems to be safe and effective in people with type 2 diabetes, especially in those with an HbA1c significantly above target. Initial results from studies exploring the impact of closed-loop systems in type 2 diabetes are promising. We discuss directions for future research to fully understand the potential benefits of integrating evidence-based technology into care for people living with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.
Graphical Abstract
Temporal evolution of suicide by levels of rurality and deprivation among Japanese adults aged 20 years or over between 2009 and 2022
Authors: Yoshioka Eiji , Hanley Sharon J. B. , Sato Yukihiro , Saijo Yasuaki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Previous studies have reported that levels of rurality and deprivation are factors associated with suicide risk. Reports on the association between rurality, deprivation and suicide incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic are scarce. The study aims to investigate how suicide rates evolved in areas with different levels of rurality and deprivation among Japanese adults aged 20 years or older between 2009 and 2022.

Methods
This study used population density in 2020 as an indicator of rurality and per capita prefectural income in 2019 as a proxy for deprivation in Japan’s 47 prefectures. Joinpoint regression analysis was performed to analyze secular trends in suicide rates by rurality and deprivation.

Results
Suicide rates for both men and women at different levels of rurality and deprivation remained roughly parallel during the research period. Suicide rates for men and women at all levels of rurality and deprivation were on a downward trend until around 2019, just before the onset of the pandemic. Following this, suicide rates in women showed a clear upward trend, while the trend in suicide rates for men also changed around 2019, with a slightly increasing or flat trend thereafter. Changes in suicide rates were greater among women and those aged 20–59 years.

Conclusions
In Japan, time trends in suicide rates for both men and women have changed before and after the pandemic, but levels of rurality and deprivation across the 47 prefectures do not appear to have contributed much to these changes.
Diagnostic shift in adolescents with first episode psychosis: findings from the 2-year follow-up of the “Parma Early Psychosis” program
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Plazzi Enrico , Leuci Emanuela , Leucci Anna Caterina , Quattrone Emanuela , Azzali Silvia , Pupo Simona , Paulillo Giuseppina , Pellegrini Pietro , Menchetti Marco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Diagnostic stability for people with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) is essential for treatment, but it remains poorly investigated, especially in adolescents and within a prospective design. The aims of this research were: (a) to examine diagnostic change in Italian adolescents with FEP treated within an “Early Intervention in Psychosis” program during a 2-year follow-up period and (b) to investigate any sociodemographic and clinical predictors at baseline.

Methods
At baseline, 66 adolescents with FEP was recruited. Their primary diagnosis was formulated both at baseline and at the end of follow-up. At presentation, FEP adolescents completed the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA). As for diagnostic stability, the Kappa statistic was calculated. The associations of diagnostic change with baseline clinical and sociodemographic features were analyzed using a logistic model with the diagnostic shift as dependent variable. A propensity score was finally calculated based on logistic analysis results.

Results
38 (57.6%) FEP adolescents changed their opening diagnosis. The highest prospective diagnostic stability was for initial diagnosis of schizophrenia (95.4%) and affective spectrum psychoses (75%). Diagnostic instability was high for opening diagnosis of psychosis not otherwise specified, brief psychosis and schizophreniform disorder (100%). The best predictors of diagnostic change were fewer years of education, shorter duration of untreated psychosis and higher baseline levels of psychiatric symptoms.

Conclusion
Diagnostic stability is crucial for treatment and clinical decision making. Addressing instability in FEP diagnoses is an important challenge for future diagnostic development in early psychosis, especially in adolescence.
Bringing Order to Chaos: The Case of Collision-Resistant Chameleon-Hashes
Authors: Derler David , Samelin Kai , Slamanig Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChameleon-hash functions, introduced by Krawczyk and Rabin (NDSS’00), are trapdoor collision-resistant hash functions parametrized by a public key. If the corresponding secret key is known, arbitrary collisions for the hash function can be found efficiently. Chameleon-hash functions have prominent applications in the design of cryptographic primitives, such as lifting non-adaptively secure signatures to adaptively secure ones. Recently, this primitive also received a lot of attention as a building block in more complex cryptographic applications, ranging from editable blockchains to advanced signature and encryption schemes. We observe that, in latter applications, various different notions of collision-resistance are used, and it is not always clear if the respective notion really covers what seems intuitively required by the application. Therefore, we revisit existing collision-resistance notions in the literature, study their relations, and by means of selected applications discuss which practical impact different notions of collision-resistance might have. Moreover, we provide a stronger, and arguably more desirable, notion of collision-resistance than what is known from the literature (which we call full collision-resistance). Finally, we present a surprisingly simple, and efficient, black-box construction of chameleon-hash functions achieving this strong notion of full collision-resistance.
Identity and political corruption: a laboratory experiment
Authors: Cubel Maria , Papadopoulou Anastasia , Sánchez-Pagés Santiago 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the role of identity in voters’ decision to retain corrupt politicians. We build up a model of electoral accountability with pure moral hazard and bring it to the lab. Politicians must decide whether to invest in a public project with uncertain returns or to keep the funds for themselves. Voters observe the outcome of the project but not the action of the politician; if the project is unsuccessful, they do not know whether it was because of bad luck or because the politician embezzled the funds. We run two treatments; a control and a treatment where subjects are assigned an identity using the minimal group paradigm. Our main result is that, upon observing a failed project, voters approve politicians of their same identity group significantly more often than in the control and compared to politicians of a different identity group. This is partially driven by a belief on same-identity politicians being more honest. We also observe that subjects acting as politicians embezzle funds less often than expected by the equilibrium prediction.
GSDME-mediated pyroptosis promotes anti-tumor immunity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Fu Changfang , Ji Wenbo , Cui Qianwen , Chen Anling , Weng Haiyan , Lu Nannan , Yang Wulin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPaclitaxel and anthracycline-based chemotherapy is one of the standard treatment options for breast cancer. However, only about 6–30% of breast cancer patients achieved a pathological complete response (pCR), and the mechanism responsible for the difference is still unclear. In this study, random forest algorithm was used to screen feature genes, and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm was used to construct an ANN model for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Furthermore, digital pathology, cytology, and molecular biology experiments were used to verify the relationship between the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune ecology. It was found that paclitaxel and doxorubicin, an anthracycline, could induce typical pyroptosis and bubbling in breast cancer cells, accompanied by gasdermin E (GSDME) cleavage. Paclitaxel with LDH release and Annexin V/PI doubule positive cell populations, and accompanied by the increased release of damage-associated molecular patterns, HMGB1 and ATP. Cell coculture experiments also demonstrated enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages and increased the levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion after paclitaxel treatment. Mechanistically, GSDME may mediate paclitaxel and doxorubicin-induced pyroptosis in breast cancer cells through the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway, activate anti-tumor immunity, and promote the efficacy of paclitaxel and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study has practical guiding significance for the precision treatment of breast cancer, and can also provide ideas for understanding molecular mechanisms related to the chemotherapy sensitivity.
High expression of PD-L1 on conventional dendritic cells in tumour-draining lymph nodes is associated with poor prognosis in oral cancer
Authors: Eric Hjalmarsson , Piersiala Krzysztof , Lagebro Vilma , Farrajota Neves Da Silva Pedro , Petro Marianne , Starkhammar Magnus , Elliot Alexandra , Bark Rusana , Margolin Gregori , Kumlien Georén Susanna , Cardell Lars-Olaf 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), while common and with a favorable prognosis in early stages, presents a marked reduction in survival rate upon metastasis to lymph nodes. Early detection of lymph node metastasis via biomarkers could enhance the therapeutic strategy for OSCC. Here, we explored dendritic cells (DCs) and cytotoxic T-cells in tumour-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) as potential biomarkers.

Method
Dendritic cells and cytotoxic T-cells in 33 lymph nodes were analyzed with multi-parameter flow cytometry in TDLNs, regional non-TDLNs surgically excised from 12 OSCC patients, and compared to 9 lymph nodes from patients with benign conditions.

Results
Our results displayed a higher proportion of conventional cDC1s with immunosuppressive features in TDLN. Further, high PD-L1 expression on cDC1 in TDLNs was associated with metastasis and/or recurrent disease risk. Also, elevated levels of memory CD8+ T-cells and terminally exhausted PD-1+TCF-1−CD8+ T-cells were observed in TDLNs and non-TDLNs compared to healthy lymph nodes.

Conclusions
We conclude that TDLNs contain cells that could trigger an anti-tumor adaptive response, as evidenced by activated cDC1s and progenitor-like TCF-1+ T-cells. The detection of high PDL1 expression on cDC1s was indicative of TDLN metastasis and an adverse prognosis, proposing that PD-L1 on dendritic cells in TDLN could serve as a predictive biomarker of OSCC patients with a worse prognosis.
Tumor-intrinsic IFNα and CXCL10 are critical for immunotherapeutic efficacy by recruiting and activating T lymphocytes in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Cheng Chun-Chia , Chang Jungshan , Ho Ai-Sheng , Sie Zong-Lin , Peng Cheng-Liang , Wang Chih‑Liang , Dev Kapil , Chang Chun-Chao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTumor immunotherapies targeting PD-(L)1 exhibit anti-tumor efficacy in only 10–30% of patients with various cancers. Literature has demonstrated that a “hot tumor” which contains high T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment exhibits a better response to immunotherapies than a “cold tumor.” This study aimed to investigate whether tumor-intrinsic IFNα and CXCL10 determine the recruitment and activation of CD8+ T cells to become “hot tumor.” In this study, we found that CXCL10 overexpressed in a variety of tumors including lung, colon, and liver tumors with a correlation with PD-L1. High PD-L1 and CXCL10 are associated with better survival rates in tumor patients receiving immunotherapies. IFNs-downstream transcriptional factor IRF-1 and STAT1 were correlated with PD-L1 and CXCL10 expression. We demonstrated that IRF-1 and STAT1 were both bound with the promoters of PD-L1 and CXCL10, sharing the same signaling pathway and determining IFNs-mediated PD-L1 and CXCL10 expression. In addition, IFNα significantly increased activation marker IFNγ in PBMCs, promoting M1 type monocyte differentiation, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cell activation. Particularly, we found that CD8+ T lymphocytes abundantly expressed CXCR3, a receptor of CXCL10, by flow cytometry, indicating that tumor-intrinsic CXCL10 potentially recruited CD8+ T in tumor microenvironment. To demonstrate the hypothesis, immunotherapy-sensitive CT26 and immunotherapy-resistant LL/2 were used and we found that CT26 cells exhibited higher IFNα, IFNγ, CXCL10, and PD-L1 levels compared to LL/2, leading to higher IFNγ expression in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, we found that CD8+ T cells were recruited by CXCL10 in vitro, whereas SCH546738, an inhibitor of CXCR3, inhibited T cell migration and splenocytes-mediated anti-tumor effect. We then confirmed that CT26-derived tumor was sensitive to αPD-L1 immunotherapy and LL/2-tumor was resistant, whereas αPD-L1 significantly increased T lymphocyte activation marker CD107a in CT26-derived BALB/c mice. In conclusion, this study revealed that CXCL10 expression is correlated with PD-L1 in tumors, sharing the same signaling pathway and associating with better immunotherapeutic efficacy. Further evidence in the syngeneic tumor models demonstrated that immunotherapy-sensitive CT26 intrinsically exhibited higher IFNα and CXCL10 compared to immunotherapy-resistant LL/2 to recruit and activate CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, exhibiting “hot tumor” characteristic of sensitizing αPD-L1 immunotherapies.