bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparity in Onset Timing and Frequency of Flowering and Fruiting Events in Two Bornean Peat‐Swamp Forests
Authors: Harrison Mark E. , Zweifel Nicole , Husson Simon J. , Cheyne Susan M. , D'Arcy Laura J. , Harsanto Fransiskus A. , Morrogh‐Bernard Helen C. , Purwanto Ari , Rahmatd   , Santiano   , Vogel Erin R. , Wich Serge A. , van Noordwijk Maria A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe timing and frequency of flowering and fruiting events are key tropical forest characteristics that have substantial influence on fauna. Although our understanding of geographic variation in habitat‐wide timing and frequency of flowering and fruiting is advancing, corresponding information for individual tree species is limited. Thus, we compared climate and reproductive phenology of 16 tree species over 70 mo at two Bornean tropical peat‐swamp forest sites. We found significant inter‐site correlations in rainfall and temperature, and only small absolute temperature differences. In both sites, most species exhibited within‐site synchrony in flowering and fruiting onset. Broad‐scale flowering and fruiting onset frequency classifications showed high congruence between sites. Significant correlations in flowering and fruiting onset timing between sites were found for only 19 and 17 percent of the species, respectively. This remained the case when applying 1‐ and 2‐month lag periods for both sites, with neither site consistently lagging behind. Significant differences in the exact frequency of new flowering and fruiting events were detected for 44 and 58 percent of species, respectively, and no significant relationships between the onset timing synchrony and exact frequency of new reproductive events were found for either flowers or fruit. We conclude that inter‐site climatic and ecological similarities do not necessarily lead to high inter‐site synchrony in either onset timing or exact frequency of tree reproductive events. Potential reasons for this are discussed, as are the implications for understanding tropical forest ecology and improving forest restoration project seed collections.
Out of time: theorizing family in social work practice
Authors: Morris Kate , White Sue , Doherty Paula , Warwick Lisa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper draws on a British Academy (BA) funded study exploring social workers' conceptions of family using a vignette and focus groups. The policy context is discussed and the data from the BA study are then compared and contrasted with families' accounts of their own situations using the data from a separate qualitative study about child protection social work. The paper discusses the themes emerging and argues for a renewed focus on theorizing family in children's social work and the implications for practice.
Two Simple Methods for Improving a Triangle Mesh Surface
Authors: Renka Robert J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present two simple and efficient local methods that reposition vertices of a triangle mesh surface with the goal of producing good triangle shapes while preserving the enclosed volume and sharp features. The methods involve minimizing a quadratic energy functional with respect to variations in a tangent plane (or in the direction of a crease) at each free vertex. One of the methods is aimed at producing uniform angles, while the other method is designed to produce uniform triangle areas, or more generally, to force relative triangle areas to conform to curvature estimates or estimates of local feature size so that vertex density is low in flat spots and relatively high in regions of large curvature. Test results demonstrate the effectiveness of both methods, especially when combined.
Fixed ratio or lower limit of normal for the FEV1/VC ratio: relation to symptoms and extended lung function tests
Authors: Wollmer Per , Frantz Sophia , Engström Gunnar , Dencker Magnus , Löfdahl Claes‐Göran , Nihlén Ulf 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThere is no general agreement on the spirometric definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The global initiative for obstructive lung disease recommends a fixed ratio between forced expiratory volume in one‐second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) of <0·7 (FR) for the diagnosis of COPD. European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society favour the use of the fifth percentile of the age‐related FEV1/FVC ratio (the lower limit of normal, LLN). The purpose of this study was to analyse extensive lung function tests in groups of subjects fulfilling none, either or both of the spirometric criteria for COPD. From a previous population‐based study, 450 subjects were examined with spirometry, body pletysmography diffusing capacity for CO (DL,CO), Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) and answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and diseases. Seventy subjects fulfilled both spirometric COPD criteria (FR+LLN+), 62 subjects the fixed ratio criterion (FR+) only. Of the remaining 318 subjects, 236 were ever smokers (N‐ES). Significant differences between all groups were seen for FEV1 and DL,CO. Significant differences between groups were also seen for residual volume (RV) and RV/total lung capacity. For IOS, variables and symptoms increasingly abnormal values were seen from never smokers to FR+LLN+. This study shows that subjects meeting both spirometric COPD criteria frequently have symptoms and findings at extended lung function tests compatible with the diagnosis. Also subjects meeting the fixed ratio criterion only tend to have more symptoms and lung function findings compatible with COPD than ever‐smoking subjects with FEV1/VC > 0·7.
Sudomotor and vasomotor activity during the menstrual cycle with global heating
Authors: Petrofsky Jerrold , Lee Haneul , Khowailed Iman Akef 
Published: October 2015

SummaryMany studies have reported that there are changes in sympathetic activity throughout the menstrual cycle as there are oestrogen receptor in the hypothalamus and all other parts of the sympathetic nervous system. The purpose of this study was to see whether there were variations in sympathetic activity, skin vasomotor and sweat gland sudomotor rhythms during the menstrual cycle. Eight young female subjects with a regular menstrual cycle participated in the study. Subjects were tested once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Skin blood flow and sweat rate were significantly higher in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase (p < .05), but the frequency and magnitude of sudomotor and vasomotor rhythms were significantly greater in the follicular phase (p < .05). In contrast, spectral data showed less sympathetic activity in the luteal phase. A significant finding here is that the sudomotor rhythm of sweat glands is altered by the menstrual cycle.
Immune dysregulation in the functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Keely Simon , Walker Marjorie M. , Marks Ellen , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGastrointestinal conditions may be broadly classified into two: organic and functional disease, with functional disorders accounting for the majority of patients with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) present with no obvious pathology or well‐accepted biochemical mechanism and, as such, treatment strategies are limited and focus on symptoms rather than cure. Irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are the most widely recognised FGIDs, and there is a growing body of evidence to suggest an underlying inflammatory phenotype in subsets with these conditions. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of immune involvement in FGIDs and the commonalities between the different manifestations of FGIDs and propose a new hypothesis, potentially defining an underlying immunopathological basis of these conditions.
Sensory and instrumental characterization of fast inverting oil‐in‐water emulsions for cosmetic application
Authors: Korać R. , Krajišnik D. , Milić J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to perform short‐term sensory testing and instrumental (conductivity and rheological) characterization of a fast inverted oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsion base, also known as aSWOP(Switch‐Oil‐Phase) emulsion, and reference o/w and water‐in‐oil (w/o) emulsion bases under various testing conditions: in the presence of ions and at different temperatures.SWOPemulsions are known as metastable o/w emulsions, which invert into w/o emulsions on application of mechanical energy, while rubbing it onto the skin and due to their propertiesSWOPemulsion are especially suitable as a cosmetic vehicle in, for example, sun‐protection products.MethodsSensory testing, which included the evaluation of twenty attributes of the investigated emulsion bases, was performed by a panel of 20 healthy assessors experienced in the evaluation of cosmetic products. Rheological characterization of the investigated emulsion bases included continuous flow testing and oscillatory measurements under various testing conditions. Additionally, conductivity measurements were combined with rheological characterization to monitor stability changes of investigated emulsions. The instrumental and sensory results were analysed statistically and compared.ResultsThe obtained results indicated that the investigated emulsions behaved differently in the presence of ions (originating from artificial sweat solution) and at different temperatures (under storage and application conditions). Namely, theSWOPemulsion showed similar behaviour to the reference o/w emulsion under storage conditions, but in the presence of ions and at skin temperature, theSWOPemulsion was followed by re‐establishment of a stable w/o system, whereas reference o/w emulsion was irreversibly destroyed. The statistical analysis of chosen sensorial attributes indicated that the reference w/o emulsion was significantly different in comparison with the reference o/w andSWOP emulsions, mainly, standing in good agreement with the results of rheological characterization.ConclusionThe study showed that rheological measurements potentially could be related to certain sensory attributes and used for faster development ofSWOPemulsions in the future. Finally,SWOPemulsions should be considered for further investigation as suitable vehicles in cosmetic products due to their favourable physicochemical and sensory characteristics which could be partially predicted with instrumental characterization.
High‐Strength Frosted Glass by Ion Exchange of Float Glass with a Potassium Water Glass Film
Authors: Patschger Marek , Bocker Christian , Rüssel Christian 
Published: October 2015

Frosted glasses with increased strength were prepared by ion exchange process. Float glass samples with a size of approximately 7 × 7 cm2 were spray‐coated with potassium water glass. After drying, the samples were thermally treated at 405°C for 20 h. This led to ion exchange of the sodium ions of the float glass for the potassium ions of the water glass layer. The remaining coating was not removed from the glass. At the interface coating/glass, a diffusion layer with a high potassium concentration is formed. The penetration depth is around 18 μm. The strength of the glass increased from 180 MPa for an uncoated glass to 290 MPa for the ion‐exchanged glass (measured with a double ring test). The glasses showed intense light scattering due to the remaining scratch‐resistant coating.
Stepped care versus standard trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy for young children
Authors: Salloum Alison , Wang Wei , Robst John , Murphy Tanya K. , Scheeringa Michael S. , Cohen Judith A. , Storch Eric A. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundTo compare the effectiveness and cost of stepped care trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy (SC‐TF‐CBT), a new service delivery method designed to address treatment barriers, to standardTF‐CBTamong young children who were experiencing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).MethodsA total of 53 children (ages 3–7 years) who were experiencingPTSSwere randomly assigned (2:1) to receiveSC‐TF‐CBTorTF‐CBT. Assessments by a blinded evaluator occurred at screening/baseline, after Step One forSC‐TF‐CBT, posttreatment, and 3‐month follow‐up. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01603563.ResultsThere were comparable improvements over time inPTSSand secondary outcomes in both conditions. Noninferiority ofSC‐TF‐CBTcompared toTF‐CBTwas supported for the primary outcome ofPTSS, and the secondary outcomes of severity and internalizing symptoms, but not for externalizing symptoms. There were no statistical differences in comparisons of changes over time from pre‐ to posttreatment and pre‐ to 3‐month follow‐up for posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic status, treatment response, or remission. Parent satisfaction was high for both conditions. Costs were 51.3% lower for children inSC‐TF‐CBTcompared toTF‐CBT.ConclusionsAlthough future research is needed, preliminary evidence suggests thatSC‐TF‐CBTis comparable toTF‐CBT, and delivery costs are significantly less than standard care.SC‐TF‐CBTmay be a viable service delivery system to address treatment barriers.
Conformational Changes and Kinetic Study of Actomyosin from Silver Carp Surimi with Modified Starch–Sucrose Mixtures during Frozen Storage
Authors: Cao Liwei , An Yueqi , Xiong Shanbai , Li Shasha , Liu Ru 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe cryoprotective effects of modified starch–sucrose mixtures on silver carp surimi were compared with commercial cryoprotectant using the changes in gel strength and actomyosin conformation during frozen storage. Acetic acid esterification starch (AAES)‐sucrose maintained the maximum gel strength and Ca2+–ATPase activity throughout the frozen storage (P < 0.05). Hydroxypropylated starch (HS)‐sucrose showed a similar retention of Ca2+–ATPase activity (39.34%) and salt‐soluble protein (SSP) content (60.20%) to that of AAES–sucrose (40.14%, 63.89%, respectively) after 91 days of storage (P > 0.05). AAES–sucrose and HS–sucrose separately showed the best effect on depressing loss of total sulfhydryl content in the early 28 days and later 63 days. Therefore, they protected actomyosin structure more effectively than commercial cryoprotectant. The relationship of Ca2+–ATPase activity and SSP content with respect to storage time could be fitted with a first‐order model to predict the changes in fish protein structure during frozen storage (R2 > 0.99).Practical ApplicationsModified starch–sucrose mixtures tended to improve gel strength of frozen surimi, as well as effectively prevent conformational changes of actomyosin during long period of frozen storage at −20C. The effectiveness of acetic acid esterification starch (AAES)‐sucrose and hydroxypropylated starch (HS)‐sucrose seemed to be slightly evident than commercial cryoprotectant. Therefore, the application of AAES‐sucrose or HS‐sucrose in frozen surimi products could be popularized at reduced cost and more healthy quality.
A method for estimating spatial resolution of real image in the Fourier domain
Authors: MIZUTANI RYUTA , SAIGA RINO , TAKEKOSHI SUSUMU , INOMOTO CHIE , NAKAMURA NAOYA , ITOKAWA MASANARI , ARAI MAKOTO , OSHIMA KENICHI , TAKEUCHI AKIHISA , UESUGI KENTARO , TERADA YASUKO , SUZUKI YOSHIO 
Published: October 2015

SummarySpatial resolution is a fundamental parameter in structural sciences. In crystallography, the resolution is determined from the detection limit of high‐angle diffraction in reciprocal space. In electron microscopy, correlation in the Fourier domain is used for estimating the resolution. In this paper, we report a method for estimating the spatial resolution of real images from a logarithmic intensity plot in the Fourier domain. The logarithmic intensity plots of test images indicated that the full width at half maximum of a Gaussian point spread function can be estimated from the images. The spatial resolution of imaging X‐ray microtomography using Fresnel zone‐plate optics was also estimated with this method. A cross section of a test object visualized with the imaging microtomography indicated that square‐wave patterns up to 120‐nm pitch were resolved. The logarithmic intensity plot was calculated from a tomographic cross section of brain tissue. The full width at half maximum of the point spread function estimated from the plot coincided with the resolution determined from the test object. These results indicated that the logarithmic intensity plot in the Fourier domain provides an alternative measure of the spatial resolution without explicitly defining a noise criterion.
Influence of caffeine on 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine‐induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration and neuroinflammation is age‐dependent
Authors: Frau Lucia , Costa Giulia , Porceddu Pier Francesca , Khairnar Amit , Castelli Maria Paola , Ennas Maria Grazia , Madeddu Camilla , Wardas Jadwiga , Morelli Micaela 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that caffeine administration to adult mice potentiates glial activation induced by 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). As neuroinflammatory response seems to correlate with neurodegeneration, and the young brain is particularly vulnerable to neurotoxicity, we evaluated dopamine neuron degeneration and glial activation in the caudate‐putamen (CPu) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of adolescent and adult mice. Mice were treated with MDMA (4 × 20 mg/kg), alone or with caffeine (10 mg/kg). Interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were evaluated in CPu, whereas tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and CD11b were evaluated in CPu and SNc by immunohistochemistry. MDMA decreased TH in SNc of both adolescent and adult mice, whereas TH‐positive fibers in CPu were only decreased in adults. In CPu of adolescent mice, caffeine potentiated MDMA‐induced glial fibrillary acidic protein without altering CD11b, whereas in SNc caffeine did not influence MDMA‐induced glial activation. nNOS, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α were increased by MDMA in CPu of adults, whereas in adolescents, levels were only elevated after combined MDMA plus caffeine. Caffeine alone modified only nNOS. Results suggest that the use of MDMA in association with caffeine during adolescence may exacerbate the neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation elicited by MDMA.
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Previous studies have demonstrated that caffeine potentiated glial activation induced by 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in adult mice. In this study, caffeine was shown to potentiate MDMA‐induced dopamine neuron degeneration in substantia nigra pars compacta, astrogliosis, and TNF‐α levels in caudate‐putamen of adolescent mice. Results suggest that combined use of MDMA plus caffeine during adolescence may worsen the neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation elicited by MDMA.
Driven by Ambitions: The Nurse Practitioner's Role Transition in Dutch Hospital Care
Authors: Maten‐Speksnijder Ada ter , Pool Aart , Grypdonck Mieke , Meurs Pauline , van Staa AnneLoes 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionInsight into nurse practitioners’ (NPs’) role transition can help NP students and new graduates in taking on new responsibilities in a changing and demanding healthcare context. The aim of the research was to explore the role transition from nurse to NP using the components of Meleis's Framework of Transitions.MethodA qualitative descriptive design was used. Individual interviews (n = 9) and two focus group discussions (n = 12) were held with NPs. Data were analyzed with the directed content analysis method.FindingsThe Framework component transitions’ nature was characterized by changes in the healthcare system, combined with professional and educational role changes. Transition conditions showed that the respondents felt distressed after they became accountable for a patient's care and well‐being. Although the respondents were authorized to do medical procedures, they initially lacked nursing role models and NP protocols. Process indicators showed ongoing transition; the respondents were still developing clinical competencies and confidence in patient care while relying on earlier acquired nursing competencies. Outcome indicators showed that the respondents found themselves successful in the medical extension of two different nursing roles: continuity of medical care for hospitalized patients in acute and intensive care settings, and being responsible for continuity of care for chronic patients in outpatient clinics.ConclusionsRole transition was characterized by coping with feelings of distress at the cost of time and effort. The respondents’ strategies to adapt to new expectations, combined with organizational support, determined the outcomes as well as the start of new transitions.Clinical RelevanceNPs’ role transition in hospital care implies a dynamic ongoing process that needs to be supported, with the ultimate goal to improve patient outcomes.
Spiegelman Studies Part 2 of 2: Breakdowns, No Towers and the Rest of the Canon
Authors: Smith Philip 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArt Spiegelman is one of the most‐discussed creators in Comic Book Studies. His Pulitzer‐winning work Maus (1980 and 1991) was, alongside The Dark Knight Returns (1986) and Watchmen (), the catalyst to a sea change in the commercial and critical fortunes of the alternative comic book during the mid‐1980s. It has been a landmark text in critical discourse on comics ever since. The purpose of this and its companion paper is to offer a synthesis and reinvestigation of both the existing critical literature on Spiegelman as well as, perhaps most importantly, the lacunae within that literature. The aims of these two papers, then, are two‐fold: firstly, to establish where we have got to and, secondly, to suggest some directions for the future of Spiegelman scholarship. The first paper concerned Maus. This, the second of the two, is devoted to In The Shadow of No Towers (), Breakdowns (1977 and ), and Spiegelman's other works.
Toward quantification of strain‐related mosaicity in shocked lunar and terrestrial plagioclase by in situ micro‐X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Pickersgill Annemarie E. , Flemming Roberta L. , Osinski Gordon R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStudies of shock metamorphism of feldspar typically rely on qualitative petrographic observations, which, while providing invaluable information, can be difficult to interpret. Shocked feldspars, therefore, are now being studied in greater detail by various groups using a variety of modern techniques. We apply in situ micro‐X‐ray diffraction (μXRD) to shocked lunar and terrestrial plagioclase feldspar to contribute to the development of a quantitative scale of shock deformation for the feldspar group. Andesine and labradorite from the Mistastin Lake impact structure, Labrador, Canada, and anorthite from Earth's Moon, returned during the Apollo program, were examined using optical petrography and assigned to subgroups of the optical shock level classification system of Stöffler (1971). Two‐dimensional μXRD patterns from the same samples revealed increased peak broadening in the chi dimension (χ), due to strain‐related mosaicity, with increased optical signs of deformation. Measurement of the full width at half maximum along χ (FWHMχ) of these peaks provides a quantitative way to measure strain‐related mosaicity in plagioclase feldspar as a proxy for shock level.