bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External versus Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy for Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Rajabi Mohammad T. , Shahraki Kianoosh , Nozare Atefeh , Moravej Zahra , Tavakolizadeh Sepideh , Salim Reza E. , Hosseinzadeh Farideh , Mohammadi Shabahang , Farahi Azadeh , Shahraki Kourosh 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of the study is to compare the surgical outcomes and success rates of external dacryocystorhinostomy (EX-DCR) versus endoscopic endonasal DCR (EN-DCR) for the treatment of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).

METHODS:
This retrospective nonrandomized study was conducted at Farabi Eye Hospital and Noor Eye Hospital, Iran. A review of electronic medical records of all patients with PANDO who underwent EX-DCR or EN-DCR between January 2016 and 2018 was carried out.

RESULTS:
A total of 803 patients underwent surgery, of which 618 patients (77%) were managed by EX-DCR and 185 patients (23%) by EN-DCR. The majority of cases (62%) were female. The mean age of the patients in EX-DCR and EN-DCR groups was 40.8 ± 14.2 and 34.3 ± 9.2 years, respectively. EX-DCR resulted in significantly less amount of pain compared to EN-DCR (P < 0.05). The success rate of surgery among EX-DCR and EN-DCR groups was 92.4% and 91.1%, respectively, and did not show statistically significant difference. A higher incidence of intraoperative hemorrhage requiring intervention was noted in the EN-DCR group (16.7% vs. 4.5%). Postoperative patient's satisfaction with EN-DCR and EX-DCR was 73% and 82%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Both EX-DXR and endoscopic DCR surgeries have high success rates and low incidence of failure. The choice of DCR technique should be based on the experience of the surgeon and patient's lacrimal and nasal anatomy and preferences.
Review of Three Cytology Reporting Systems in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions: A Study of Fifty Cases
Authors: Chandanwale Shirish S. , Bhide Aniket Milind , Rashmi Rakesh Kumar , Patel Payal , Raj Akshi , Singh Madhuri , Dharwadkar Arpana , Vasu Bhavana 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The various reporting systems such as conventional system, UK/RC Path system, and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology (TSBRTC) have been used to help create a standard reporting format for evaluating thyroid cytology smears. However, there is still an ongoing dispute as to which classification system is the best for the management of the patient with thyroid lesions. The aim of this study is to review the utility of three reporting systems in cytological evaluation of thyroid swellings.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 50 cases were included in study. Only adequate smears were included in the study. Cytology smears of all cases were reported and categorized as per three reporting systems. In cases in which surgical specimens were received for histopathological examination, diagnosis was correlated with cytology diagnosis.

Results:
Maximum patients (n = 27) were in the age group of 20–40 years. The comparison of conventional, TSBRTC, and UK/RC Path reporting systems of 50 thyroid cytology smears showed equivocal cases in the benign category (Category II).

Conclusion:
In the vast majority of the cases, it showed that TBSRTC and UK/RC Path system lead to better diagnostic yield, high sensitivity, and timely treatment of patients. TBSRTC has diagnostic accuracy of almost 98%. One of the most challenging categories was the Category III in TSBRTC or Thy3a which are heterogeneous category. The smears in these categories include features which do not permit them to be classified as either benign or malignant.
Case Series on the Clinical Profile of Neurocysticercosis in Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Chalipat Shiji S. , Chavan Sanjay , Malwade Sudhir D. , Agarkhedkar Sharad R. , Kumari Soni 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common infection of the nervous system caused by ingestion of Tenia solium eggs in undercooked pork or contaminated water. Most children present with seizures particularly focal seizures with or without signs of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Diagnosis is made by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) scan which shows single/multiple ring-enhancing lesions with perilesional edema. Management involves the use of anticonvulsants for seizures and steroids for edema.

Objective:
To establish a clinical profile of NCC patient in pediatric age groups.

Material and Methods:
The Department of Pediatric Neurology at our institute conducted a retrospective study of 15 children with ring-enhancing lesions on MRI who were managed at this centre. The observations were further analyzed.

Results:
Nearly 14 children presented with seizures, 50% of these children also showed signs of raised ICP. Only 1 child had presented with signs of raised ICP. All the children were treated with anti-cysticidal, anti-epileptic with pre-treatment steroids. At 6 months all children were seizure-free.

Conclusion:
NCC should be ruled out in children presenting with focal seizures, especially in a country like India where the disease is endemic. Apart from antiepileptics, anthelmintic – Albendazole and Praziquantel are very effective against NCC with pre-treatment with corticosteroids and have been very effective in managing the disease.
Psychological Impact on Health-care Workers at a Tertiary Hospital in South India during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Christopher Ajay , Gojer Abigail Ruth , Lohanathan Aparna , Kuruvilla Anju , Gopalakrishnan Rajesh , Prabhakar Abhilash Kundavaram Paul 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed the health-care infrastructure in the country. The steadily increasing number of cases and workload, inadequacy of healthcare infrastructure, and perceived lack of support contribute to psychological stress among health-care workers (HCWs).

Aims:
This cross-sectional survey estimated the prevalence and factors associated with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Methodology:
Randomly chosen HCWs who provided informed consent were recruited to the study and administered the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised, and the revised stigma scale to assess for depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, common mental disorders, and stigma, respectively. Sociodemographic details were also recorded. Bivariate and multivariate statistics were obtained.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-seven participants completed the survey questionnaire. The overall prevalence of significant depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms was 31.5%, 26%, and 16.5%, respectively. Depressive symptoms were associated with younger age, being single, presence of medical illness in the family, current nicotine, and alcohol use. Anxiety symptoms were associated with younger age, being single, and working in a clinical area with potential for exposure to COVID-19 patients. The presence of children at home was associated with lower depressive or anxiety scores. Nearly 15.7% of the participants had a primary psychiatric diagnosis.

Conclusions:
HCWs are at risk of experiencing psychological distress during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that a supportive environment is essential to protect and promote the psychological well-being of HCWs during and after the outbreak. Early psychological interventions for those who require it can prevent long-term sequelae in this vulnerable group.
Investigation of Enteric Fever Outbreak in an Institutional Settings
Authors: Sunil Diwate , Nema Devendra , Mahajan Saurabh , Yadav Arun K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The study describes the outbreak investigation of the Enteric Fever in an institution set up

Methods:
A descriptive epidemiological study and detailed site survey was undertaken. Widal test was performed on all the subjects and blood culture was done on few selected recruits.

Results:
Sixty cases of typhoid fever occurred in the institution. All cases were in the age group 18 to 22 years. Of the cases, one had complication in the form of intestinal perforation. Two samples out of 17 samples detected Salmonella sp. Fly nuisance and unhygienic conditions were seen at various places. The common water supply was through Sintex plastic tank which was found full of fungus growth while from outside they appeared clean.

Conclusion:
The outbreak of typhoid was due to unhygienic water storage tanks. A high standard of hygiene and cleanliness to be ensured to prevent such outbreaks.
Unusual Benign Lesions of the Breast Mimicking Carcinoma: A Series of Six Cases
Authors: Saha Rama , Das Smritiparna , Das Chhanda 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
There has been a growing increase in the incidence of breast cancer, which is still the most significant cancer-related cause of female mortality. All breast lesions are not malignant, and all the benign lesions do not progress to cancer; however, the accuracy of diagnosis can be increased by a combination of preoperative tests (like physical examination, mammography, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and core-needle biopsy [CNB]).

Aim:
To study the breast mass which mimicks malignant lesion clinically and their further evaluation with the help of core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration cytology.

Materials and Methods:
Prospective evaluation of the breast masses which mimicks malingnant lesion clinically at IPGME &R and SSKM Hospital kolkata from January 2019 to June 2020 at department of pathology. We studied the cases of breast masses. This comprised patient age and sex, the clinical characteristics and location of the mass, the duration of the lesion, its size, the treatment provided, and the histopathological findings obtained from fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and CNB.

Results:
We present six clinical cases in which a diagnosis dilemma existed, in terms of ultrasound findings that were not clear and suspicious. The results of FNAC and CNB are used to distinguish between benign breast lesions mimicking carcinoma of breast. Our findings are compared with previously published cases. Furthermore, literature review regarding the case presentation and diagnosis has been discussed, as well as treatment options.

Conclusion:
Accurate preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma is necessary in screen-detected lesions so that patients may be counseled appropriately and a majority could have a single therapeutic operation. Benign breast lesion mimicking breast carcinoma should be differentiated. Combining FNAC and CNB for screening-detected breast cancers, the complete sensitivity increases from 93% for CNB only to 98% when both tests are combined.
Pediatric Ocular Morbidity among Admitted Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Chakraborti Chandana , Jingar Bharati , Khan Shadab R. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the causes of pediatric ocular morbidity in the in-patient department of a tertiary-care hospital in eastern India.

Methods:
This was a retrospective descriptive study done on admitted patients in the age group of 0–12 years between July 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, in a tertiary-care hospital in eastern India.

Results:
During the study period, a total of 5775 patients were admitted to the hospital, out of which 447 were children belonging to 0–12 years, the prevalence being 7.74%. Out of the 447 children, 276 were males (61.74%) and 171 were females (38.26%) with a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. A total of 31.77% patients were reported from urban areas and 23% from rural areas. The mean age of the children was 5.5 years (range: 20 days–12 years). The highest frequency of admission was found in the age group of zero to 4 years (61.74%). Ocular trauma (44.07%) was found to be the most common ocular morbidity, followed by cataract (32.21%) and infectious ocular diseases (7.61%). The average duration of stay in the hospital was 4.9 days ranging from 2 to 56 days.

Conclusion:
Timely intervention with early diagnosis and regular follow-up are essential in the management of pediatric ocular morbidity as well as childhood blindness. In our study, ocular trauma was found to be most common ocular morbidity leading to poor visual outcome and hospital admission, which can be prevented by safe home practices and parental education.
Exploring Community's Perceptions and Behavior Toward People Presumptive or Treated for COVID-19
Authors: Mani Geetha , Varatharajan Subashchandrabose , Mohan Hariharan 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The unprecedented morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 pandemic and its unique epidemiological features have contributed to stigmatizing and discriminating attitudes among people. Success of prevention efforts depends on identifying and acting upon population perceptions toward the disease and those with the disease. Hence, this study was planned to assess perceptions and behavior of people toward those presumptive or treated for COVID-19 and to identify the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and basic knowledge about COVID-19 on population perceptions and behavior.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional, Google Forms-based online survey was conducted among eligible population of Tamil Nadu, India, during January 2021. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect basic sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge on COVID-19, attitude, and behavior toward people presumptive or treated for COVID-19 on a Likert scale. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were employed for statistical analysis. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Among 300 respondents, 59.3% had adequate knowledge on COVID-19. Twenty-nine percent of respondents expressed favorable attitude and 31.7% reported favorable behavior toward those presumptive or treated for COVID-19. The perceived attitude or reported behavior did not vary significantly across sociodemographic characteristics. An approximate one-third of respondents with adequate knowledge expressed favorable attitude and favorable behavior (P < 0.001); 54% of respondents with favorable attitude reported favorable behavior (P < 0.001). A weak but significant positive linear correlation was identified between attitude and behavior scores (r = 0.386; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Equipping people with appropriate knowledge and resources could promote positive population attitudes and behaviors toward those symptomatic or treated for COVID-19 and hence crucial in the control efforts against the pandemic.
Comparison of Trends of Monsoon-Related Diseases during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Wankar Reema L. , Chavhan Smita S. , Adsul Balkrishna B. , Dhikale Prasad T. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
With the arrival of the monsoons, people living in coastal regions are at an increased risk of contracting water-borne and vector-borne illnesses like dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, hepatitis, typhoid, chikungunya, and acute gastroenteritis. With proper hygiene and sanitation practices, several monsoon-related illnesses may have been averted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective:
To analyze the trend of monsoon-related diseases from January 2018 to December 2019 and compare the trends of these diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic, that is, from January 2020 to December 2021.

Material and Method:
A retrospective observational study was conducted in the tertiary care center using secondary data of monsoon-related diseases available from the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP).

Results:
The overall number of cases of monsoon-related illnesses was low in 2020 and 2021 compared to that in 2018 and 2019. Percentage change of diseases depicts that in the year 2020, all monsoon prevalent diseases were reported less compared to 2019, with the highest change being in dengue and acute febrile illness (AFI). In 2021, a majority of the disease incidence, except dengue and typhoid, had increased compared to that of 2020.

Conclusion:
There have been fewer incidences of monsoon-related illnesses as a result of efforts to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. This study emphasizes the significance of widespread sanitary practices and their value in the long-term decline of diseases associated with the monsoon season.
A Study on Psychological Distress among Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Rural Area of West Bengal
Authors: Chattopadhyay Biswadip , Paul Bobby , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Bhattacharyya Madhumita , Ghosh Pritam , Banerjee Ankush 
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives:
Pregnancy, an altered physiological state, is specifically vulnerable to psychological distress (PD), more so during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This can impart detrimental consequences to both mother and child. This study assessed the magnitude of PD and associated factors among pregnant women in rural West Bengal. The proportion of pregnant women with COVID-19 symptomatology and its relationship with PD was also determined.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was done among 130 pregnant women availing antenatal care in health centers during August–October 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) was used to assess PD and a “Perception on COVID-19 Pandemic” (PCP) Scale was used to assess the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75). Statistical analyses were done in SPSS Inc., SPSS for Windows, Chicago, USA.

Results:
The proportion of study participants with PD was 49.2%. Unsatisfactory antenatal care (AOR = 19.4, CI = 2.5-152.7), COVID-19 case within family/neighborhood (AOR = 6.3, CI = 1.2-34.9), strenuous spousal relationship (AOR = 7.3, CI = 1.1-50), increasing score in perceived susceptibility domain of PCP Scale (AOR = 1.3, CI = 1.1-1.6), and decreased daily sleep duration (AOR = 2.8, CI = 1.6-4.9) were found to be associated with PD. 38.5% of participants reported COVID-19 related symptoms.

Conclusion:
The magnitude of PD among pregnant women in the study area is high. Thus, proper counseling of pregnant mothers during antenatal visits by public health nursing personnel to alleviate fears about the pandemic would go a long way to reduce the negative impact of PD on mother and child.
Positive Outcomes of Communication Skill Training to Medical Resident Doctors
Authors: Kanitkar Shubhangi , Thomson Ben George , Rathod Hetal 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Communication skills are an important component in building a good doctor − patient relationship. Imparting knowledge on it to medical students, during their formative years of training, help to overcome issues that arise due to communication gaps with patients.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four 1st-year postgraduate resident doctors in the department of medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital were evaluated regarding their communication skills. Residents were taught how to communicate properly with patients when taking their informed consent prior to a procedure.

Results:
Competency of residents and patient satisfaction, evaluated using the Kalamazoo Essential Elements Communication Checklist and Interview Satisfaction Questionnaire, respectively, showed improvements following such training.

Conclusion:
Formal assessments and training in communication skills for medical residents aid significantly to improve physician competence and patient satisfaction.
Awareness Regarding Substances of Abuse and Related Laws among Medical Students in Pune Region
Authors: Band Rahul M. , Patel Jemi H. , Ghangale Ajay L. , Lakhute Sadhana V. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Awareness about substance abuse is very less among students. Education on alcohol and drugs for students remains a crucial but under-provided part of the undergraduate medical curriculum.Material and Methods:An observational cross-sectional study done on medical students studying in MBBS medical colleges in the Pune region of Maharashtra State. A google form link of a questionnaire of 25 questions (20 MCQs and 5 True/False questions) was sent to willing participants. After completion of the survey a detailed answer sheet was provided to participants to increase awareness.Results:Exposure to substances of abuse is significantly higher among medical students in contrast to less awareness regarding their effects, complications, and legal implications after their use. Out of 20 MCQs, very few questions have correct responses from more than half participants; similarly out of 5 questions with True/False only three questions got correct responses from majority participants.Conclusion and Recommendations:Efforts should be made to alter the substance abuse favorable environments at medical institutes to discourage these activities. Mentors assigned to the students must make sure that the latter is transparent to them and help them with overcoming their hardships.
Clinicopathological, Hematological, and Hepatorenal Function Tests in People Affected with Esophageal Cancers at the Time of Diagnosis: Observations from an Oncology Center
Authors: Kudva Avinash K. , Rao Suresh , Prasad Krishna , Hegde Sanath Kumar , Chandran Supreeth Kakkaje , Achar Pavan Kumar , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Oesophageal cancer (OC) is the sixth most widespread cancer in the world. It has low prognostic rate and hence associated with high mortality. There are very few studies that have compared the clinical parameters between healthy individuals and OC patients. In this study, an attempt was made to understand the variations in the hematological, liver, and kidney function parameters in these patients who were yet to begin their treatment.

Materials and Methods:
This study was undertaken with a group of healthy and OC diagnosed individuals from both genders (male and female). The blood was collected using a vacutainer and various hematology parameters were ascertained using a fully automated three-part differential cell counter. The liver and kidney function tests for various targets were analyzed using the commercial diagnostic kits as per the manufacturer’s protocols.

Results:
When compared to healthy individuals, the results showed considerable increase in the white blood cell counts especially neutrophils and monocytes. These results were correlated with previous reports where similar observations were made. Furthermore, from the analysis of liver and kidney function test, it was concluded that these vital organs were working with lowered efficacy.

Conclusion:
This study provides evidence that there is marked variation in the blood, hepatic, and renal parameters among individuals with OC as compared to healthy ones and hence has prognostic value.