bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Trachea‐Inspired Bifurcated Microfilter Capturing Viable Circulating Tumor Cells via Altered Biophysical Properties as Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Kim Minseok S. , Kim Jinhoon , Lee Wonho , Cho Sang‐Joon , Oh Jin‐Mi , Lee June‐Young , Baek Sanghyun , Kim Yeon Jeong , Sim Tae Seok , Lee Hun Joo , Jung Goo‐Eun , Kim Seung‐Il , Park Jong‐Myeon , Oh Jin Ho , Gurel Ogan , Lee Soo Suk , Lee Jeong‐Gun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs), though exceedingly rare in the blood, are nonetheless becoming increasingly important in cancer diagnostics. Despite this keen interest and the growing number of potential clinical applications, there has been limited success in developing a CTC isolation platform that simultaneously optimizes recovery rates, purity, and cell compatibility. Herein, a novel tracheal carina‐inspired bifurcated (TRAB) microfilter system is reported, which uses an optimal filter gap size satisfying both 100% theoretical recovery rate and purity, as determined by biomechanical analysis and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations. Biomechanical properties are also used to clearly discriminate between cancer cells and leukocytes, whereby cancer cells are selectively bound to melamine microbeads, which increase the size and stiffness of these cells. Nanoindentation experiments are conducted to measure the stiffness of leukocytes as compared to the microbead‐conjugated cancer cells, with these parameters then being used in FSI analyses to optimize the filter gap size. The simulation results show that given a flow rate of 100 μL min−1, an 8 μm filter gap optimizes the recovery rate and purity. MCF‐7 breast cancer cells with solid microbeads are spiked into 3 mL of whole blood and, by using this flow rate along with the optimized microfilter dimensions, the cell mixture passes through the TRAB filter, which achieves a recovery rate of 93% and purity of 59%. Regarding cell compatibility, it is verified that the isolation procedure does not adversely affect cell viability, thus also confirming that the re‐collected cancer cells can be cultured for up to 8 days. This work demonstrates a CTC isolation technology platform that optimizes high recovery rates and cell purity while also providing a framework for functional cell studies, potentially enabling even more sensitive and specific cancer diagnostics.
Exploring the Interplay Between Ligand Derivatisation and Cation Type in the Assembly of Hybrid Polyoxometalate Mn‐Andersons
Authors: Rosnes Mali H. , Musumeci Chiara , Yvon Carine , Macdonell Andrew , Pradeep Chullikkattil P. , Sartorio Camillo , Long De‐Liang , Pignataro Bruno , Cronin Leroy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHerein a library of hybrid Mn‐Anderson polyoxometalates anions are presented: 1, [(MnMo6O18)((OCH2)3‐C‐(CH2)7CHCH2)2]3−; compound 2, [(MnMo6O18)((OCH2)3C‐NHCH2C16H9)2]3−; compound 3, [(MnMo6O18)((OCH2)3C‐(CH2)7CHCH2)1((OCH2)3C‐NHCH2C16H9)1]3−; compound 4, [(MnMo6O18)((OCH2)3C‐NHC(O)CH2CHCH2)2]3− and compounds 5–9, [(MnMo6O18)((OCH2)3C‐NHC(O)(CH2)xCH3)2]), where x = 4, 10, 12, 14, and 18 respectively. The compounds resulting from the cation exchange of the anions 1–9 to give TBA (a) and DMDOA (b) salts, and additionally for compounds 1, 2 and 3, tetraphenylphosphonium (PPh4) (c) salts, are explored at the air/water interface using scanning force microscopy, showing a range of architectures including hexagonal structures, nanofibers and other supramolecular forms. Additionally the solid‐state structures for compounds 1c, 2c, 4a, 6a, 9a, are presented for the first time and these investigations demonstrate the delicate interplay between the structure of the covalently derivatised hybrid organo‐clusters as well as the ion‐exchange cation types.
Elevated Id2 Expression Results in Precocious Neural Stem Cell Depletion and Abnormal Brain Development
Authors: Park Hee Jung , Hong Mingi , Bronson Roderick T. , Israel Mark A. , Frankel Wayne N. , Yun Kyuson 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Id2 is a helix-loop-helix transcription factor essential for normal development, and its expression is dysregulated in many human neurological conditions. Although it is speculated that elevated Id2 levels contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders, it is unknown whether dysregulated Id2 expression is sufficient to perturb normal brain development or function. Here, we show that mice with elevated Id2 expression during embryonic stages develop microcephaly, and that females in particular are prone to generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Analyses of Id2 transgenic brains indicate that Id2 activity is highly cell context specific: elevated Id2 expression in naive neural stem cells (NSCs) in early neuroepithelium induces apoptosis and loss of NSCs and intermediate progenitors. Activation of Id2 in maturing neuroepithelium results in less severe phenotypes and is accompanied by elevation of G1 cyclin expression and p53 target gene expression. In contrast, activation of Id2 in committed intermediate progenitors has no significant phenotype. Functional analysis with Id2-overexpressing and Id2-null NSCs shows that Id2 negatively regulates NSC self-renewal in vivo, in contrast to previous cell culture experiments. Deletion of p53 function from Id2-transgenic brains rescues apoptosis and results in increased incidence of brain tumors. Furthermore, Id2 overexpression normalizes the increased self-renewal of p53-null NSCs, suggesting that Id2 activates and modulates the p53 pathway in NSCs. Together, these data suggest that elevated Id2 expression in embryonic brains can cause deregulated NSC self-renewal, differentiation, and survival that manifest in multiple neurological outcomes in mature brains, including microcephaly, seizures, and brain tumors.
Effects of chronic social defeat on expression of dopamine β‐hydroxylase in rat brains
Authors: Fan Yan , Chen Ping , Li Ying , Zhu Meng‐Yang 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIt is documented that stress activates the locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine system. However, there are far few reports regarding effects of stress on the expression of dopamine β‐hydroxylase, a hallmark enzyme of the noradrenergic neuron. In the present study, adult Fischer 344 rats were subjected to chronic social defeat for 4 weeks. Dopamine β‐hydroxylase expressional levels in the locus coeruleus and its terminal regions were measured by in situ hybridization and western blotting. The results showed that immediately following chronic social defeat there are significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of dopamine β‐hydroxylase in the locus coeruleus, and dopamine β‐hydroxylase protein levels in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and amygdala, compared with those in the control. This chronic social defeat‐induced upregulation of dopamine β‐hydroxylase was completely abolished by adrenalectomy, and/or by treatment with corticosteroid receptor antagonists, mifepristone and spironolactone, either alone or in combination. Furthermore, treatment with desipramine, an antidepressant with specific inhibitory effects on norepinephrine transport, prevented an increased dopamine β‐hydroxylase expression by chronic social defeat in the locus coeruleus and its main terminal regions such as the hippocampus, frontal cortex and amygdala. However, treatment with fluoxetine, an antidepressant with specific inhibition for serotonin transport, only selectively blocked increased dopamine β‐hydroxylase protein levels in the hippocampus caused by CSD. The present findings indicate that chronic social defeat activates the locus coeruleus‐norepinephrine system by upregulating the expression of dopamine β‐hydroxylase, which may increase norepinephrine synthesis. This chronic social defeat induced upregulation of DBH expression was mediated through corticosterone and corticosteroid receptors, with possible interference from antidepressants. Synapse, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison and testing of power reserve control strategies for grid‐connected wind turbines
Authors: Jeong Yunho , Johnson Kathryn , Fleming Paul 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe stability of the electrical grid depends on enough generators being able to provide appropriate responses to sudden losses in generation capacity, increases in power demand or similar events. Within the United States, wind turbines largely do not provide such generation support, which has been acceptable because the penetration of wind energy into the grid has been relatively low. However, frequency support capabilities may need to be built into future generations of wind turbines to enable high penetration levels over approximately 20%. In this paper, we describe control strategies that can enable power reserve by leaving some wind energy uncaptured. Our focus is on the control strategies used by an operating turbine, where the turbine is asked to track a power reference signal supplied by the wind farm operator. We compare the strategies in terms of their control performance as well as their effects on the turbine itself, such as the possibility for increased loads on turbine components. It is assumed that the wind farm operator has access to the necessary grid information to generate the power reference provided to the turbine, and we do not simulate the electrical interaction between the turbine and the utility grid. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical methods in experimentation recommendation models for discovering gene regulation pathways
Authors: Yoo Changwon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn recent years, scientists and health professionals have become overwhelmed by the amount of genomic data available for epidemiological studies and patient care. In April 1996, the genome sequence of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaewas completed. By December 1999, the first plant's complete genome sequence fromArabidopsis thalianawas published. The Human Genome Project and Celera completed a working draft reference of the human genome DNA sequence in June 2000. Microarray and high throughput RNA sequence technology has opened a new era for gene expression studies. It enables us to measure the level of mRNA from different genes among different cells. Large microarray datasets provide opportunities to learn causal relationships among the genes, and compile in‐depth knowledge of physiology of different diseases. We have to deal with many issues to achieve this, including:Validity of the microarray and high throughput RNA sequence measurements;Experimental design of gene expression studies;Analysis of gene expression experimental results.For meaningful interpretation of experimental results, we need to start with a sound experimental design. However, not most of the statistical methods concentrate on issues related to gene expression data analyses. They do not take into consideration experimental design of microarray studies. The main topic of this article is review of modeling methods of the expected value of experimentation for discovering gene regulation pathways. In this article, we use experimentation as both interventions (e.g., an experiment with gene knock‐outs) and observations (e.g., passively observing the expression level of genes with no interventions).WIREs Comput Stat2013, 5:121–134. doi: 10.1002/wics.1244This article is categorized under:Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/GeneticsStatistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Pattern Recognition
New developments for net‐effect plots
Authors: Zhang Xin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe review the graphics for studying the net‐effects of predictors, including both the global and local net‐effect plots. Then some new definitions of net‐effects and corresponding graphical methods are introduced for studying and visualizing the main and interaction net‐effects of the mean functions and the distribution functions. A sufficient dimension reduction method, called central solution subspace bivariate sliced inverse regression (CSS‐BiSIR), is proposed for reducing the size of the graphical problem. This facilitates the graphical interpretations of the net‐effects, and also allows us to visualize the net‐effects of nonelliptically distributed predictors. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:105–113. doi: 10.1002/wics.1247This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension Reduction
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
A survey of software for fitting capture–recapture models
Authors: Bunge John A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCapture–recapture analysis, also called mark‐ or multiple‐recapture, is aimed primarily at estimating the total size of a population. The population of interest may consist of animals, people, errors in complex software, the number of crimes committed by an oppressive political regime, coins struck by ancient dies, and so on. Statistical methods for population size estimation are well‐developed, with many extensions and variations such as allowing for birth, death or migration in the population; incorporation of predictor variables or spatial location of captures; observation by different physical methods, and so on. Accordingly, many software programs have been written and disseminated to implement these analyses, and a survey of those programs is given here. We classify the programs based on three different perspectives: types of classical closed‐population models, statistical foundations or philosophy, and extensions or variations of classical models. While the level of computing in this area has become quite sophisticated, especially for the extended models, none of the major statistical software packages has a ‘native’ capture–recapture sub‐package or routine (although some workarounds are possible), and the large number of separately released programs, though effective within their domains, tend to lack standardization and interoperability at present. The applied scientist can be reasonably confident of finding a program to fit his/her needs, but some examination of the literature will be required. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:114–120. doi: 10.1002/wics.1250This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Sampling
The Structural Chemistry of Text‐Book Species: the Tartrato‐Cuprates in Fehling's Solution
Authors: Albrecht Sandra , Klüfers Peter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFehling's solution is an aqueous alkaline solution (pH ca. 13) of D‐, L‐, or rac‐tartrato‐cuprates(II) and both excess tartrate and hydroxide. The isolation of crystalline solids succeeded for rac‐tartrate‐containing samples. Crystal structure analyses revealed the formulas K8[Cu10(rac‐tartH‐1)4(rac‐tartH‐2)4(H2O)4]·18H2O (1), Li4[Cu2(rac‐tartH‐2‐κ2O1,O2:κ2O3,O4)2]·11.75H2O (2), and Na6[Cu(rac‐tartH‐2‐κ2O2,O3)2]·14H2O (3). The cupric central atom is in a square‐planar tetracoordination in the bis(diolato) chelate in 3, and in square‐pyramidal 4+1 coordination in the mixed carboxylato‐alkoxido chelates 1 and 2. In terms of stoichiometry, 3 is closest to typical Fehling recipes.
Non-thermal dark matter production from the electroweak phase transition: multi-TeV WIMPs and “baby-zillas”
Authors: Falkowski Adam , No Jose M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Particle production at the end of a first-order electroweak phase transition may be rather generic in theories beyond the standard model. Dark matter may then be abundantly produced by this mechanism if it has a sizable coupling to the Higgs field. For an electroweak phase transition occuring at a temperature T
EW ~ 50–100 GeV, non- thermally generated dark matter with mass M

X
> TeV will survive thermalization after the phase transition, and could then potentially account for the observed dark matter relic density in scenarios where a thermal dark matter component is either too small or absent. Dark matter in these scenarios could then either be multi-TeV WIMPs whose relic abundace is mostly generated at the electroweak phase transition, or “Baby-Zillas” with mass M
GUT ≫ M

X
≫
${v_{\mathrm{EW}}}$
that never reach thermal equilibrium in the early universe.
Defining True Tribological Contact Through Application of the Morphological Method to Surface Topography
Authors: Lou Shan , Jiang Xiangqian , Bills Paul J. , Scott Paul J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In tribological functions high peaks (summits) in the surface topography play a dominant role in that they determine the position of first contact and how the contact will occur. Both statistic-based methods and feature-based methods address the characterization of a single surface, while neglecting the interacting surface. A morphological method is proposed to simulate the contact of two mating surfaces. The surface under evaluation is rolled by a ball with radius meant to simulate the largest reasonable peak curvature at a contact. In such a situation the contact points of the rolling ball may serve as an identification of those surface portions that are in real contact. The morphological closing operation could then be applied to detect the contact points of the rolling ball, however, the traditional computation method does not lead to an accurate result. To overcome this deficiency, a geometrical computation approach has been developed to capture the contact points based on four searching procedures. The resulting method has been verified through experimentation and then applied to a case study in which the underlying form of the surface of a hip replacement taper junction is analyzed to remove the effect of the dominant threaded structure.
Measurements of Diacylglycerols in Skeletal Muscle by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lee Su‐Yeon , Kim Jung Ran , Ha Mi‐Young , Shim Soon‐Mi , Park Tae‐Sik 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDiacylglycerol (DAG) is an intermediate lipid involved in the synthesis of phospholipids and triglycerides. As signaling regulators, DAG activate novel protein kinase C leading to decreased response to insulin in skeletal muscle. Alteration of DAG contents correlates with development of metabolic dysregulation in obese and diabetic conditions. Recent advances in lipidomics using mass spectrometry allow expanded measurements of various lipid species. This study describes a rapid measurement of DAG species using the triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in a positive ion mode. DAG in the cells and muscle tissues were separated depending on differences in chain lengths and degree of unsaturation. The limit of detection and quantification for DAG was 0.2 to 17 pmol for this method. When C2C12 cells were treated with palmitate or oleate, we found a 12‐fold and 2‐fold DAG increase respectively compared to the no‐treatment control. In the muscles of obese db/db mice, DAG levels were elevated by 6‐fold compared to those of wild‐type skeletal muscles. The present analytical method provides a rapid and sensitive quantification of DAG molecular species from various biological samples and can be used to correlate the degree of metabolic dysregulation with lipotoxic metabolites.
Reliability and Validity of the Self-administered Chinese Version of the Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (C-SOBQ) in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Fung Alexandra , Chan Lewina L.C. , So C.T. , Chau Stanley S.L. , Chan T.M. , Chan Catherine , Chu Aileen W.Y. , Ng Bobby H.P. , Cheung Brian Y.H. , Chan Andy K.K. , Wong Witt K.W. , Chu Chris W.H. , Fong Kenneth N.K. 
Published: February 2013

Background Dyspnoea is crucial in evaluating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD SOBQ) assesses shortness of breath in activities of daily living (ADL). It has been translated into Chinese and used clinically in Hong Kong for many years. Objective To investigate the reliability and validity of a self-administered Chinese version of the Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (C-SOBQ) with pictorial enhancement in patients with COPD in Hong Kong. Methods A total of 119 patients with COPD were recruited by convenience sampling from seven public clinical settings and two community self-help groups. The C-SOBQ score for each patient was correlated with a set of criterion parameters including age, body mass index (BMI), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) test, lung function physiological parameters, BODE index, the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale (MMRC Dyspnoea Scale), and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) COPD classifications. For test–retest reliability, 22 out of 119 patients were selected and assessed using the C-SOBQ followed by a reassessment within 1 week by the same rater. Results The C-SOBQ shows good test–retest reliability with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.915 (p ≤ .05). It demonstrates significant correlations with the MMRC Dyspnoea Scale, GOLD COPD classifications, BODE index, BMI, and 6MWD. The BODE index, MMRC Dyspnoea Scale, and 6MWD were valid predictors of C-SOBQ total score. A total of 50.4% of patients could be correctly grouped in quartiles of the BODE index using the C-SOBQ. Conclusion The C-SOBQ with pictorial enhancement is a valid and reliable instrument which gives precise information about the impact of dyspnoea on functional activities for patients with COPD.
Adaptive Optics Simulations for Siding Spring
Authors: Goodwin Michael , Jenkins Charles , Lambert Andrew 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing an observationally derived model of optical turbulence profile, we have investigated the performance of adaptive optics (AO) at Siding Spring Observatory, Australia. The simulations cover the performance for AO techniques of single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO), multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO), and ground-layer adaptive optics (GLAO). The simulation results presented in this paper predict the performance of these AO techniques as applied to the Australian National University (ANU) 2.3-m and Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) 3.9-m telescopes for astronomical wavelength bandsJ,H, andK. The results indicate that the AO performance is best for the longer wavelengths (Kband) and in the best seeing conditions (sub 1 arcsec). The most promising results are found for GLAO simulations (field of view of 180 arcsec), with the field RMS for encircled energy 50% diameter (EE50d) being uniform and minimally affected by the free-atmosphere turbulence. The GLAO performance is reasonably good over the wavelength bands ofJ,H, andK. The GLAO field mean of EE50d is between 200 and 800 mas, which is a noticeable improvement compared with the nominal astronomical seeing (870–1 700 mas).
A Study on W Ursae Majoris-Type Systems Recognised by the ROTSE-IIId Experiment
Authors: Çoker D. , Özdemir S. , Yeşilyaprak C. , Yerli S. K. , Aksaker N. , Güçsav B. B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present a study on characterising the light curves of W UMa-type systems gathered from the archive containing 5 years of data observed with the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment Telescope (ROTSE-IIId) located in Turkey. A sample of 45 W UMa-type systems was studied on the basis of Fourier decomposition of light curves and some basic geometrical parameters, namely degree of contact (f), mass ratio (q), and orbital inclination (i), as approximated values for these systems were determined. Moreover, methods based on the Fourier transform technique were applied to the discrete data to determine the orbital periods of those systems. Preliminary estimates for the system parameters were presented and compared with the values available in the literature.