bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZnO nanosheet arrays constructed on weaved titanium wire for CdS-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wu Cuncun , Wei Lin , Li Yitan , Liu Chang , Jiao Jun , Chen Yanxue , Mei Liangmo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOrdered ZnO nanosheet arrays were grown on weaved titanium wires by a low-temperature hydrothermal method. CdS nanoparticles were deposited onto the ZnO nanosheet arrays using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method to make a photoanode. Nanoparticle-sensitized solar cells were assembled using these CdS/ZnO nanostructured photoanodes, and their photovoltaic performance was studied systematically. The best light-to-electricity conversion efficiency was obtained to be 2.17% under 100 mW/cm2illumination, and a remarkable short-circuit photocurrent density of approximately 20.1 mA/cm2was recorded, which could attribute to the relatively direct pathways for transportation of electrons provided by ZnO nanosheet arrays as well as the direct contact between ZnO and weaved titanium wires. These results indicate that CdS/ZnO nanostructures on weaved titanium wires would open a novel possibility for applications of low-cost solar cells.
From Foot Fetish to Hand Fetish: Hygiene, Class, and the New Woman
Authors: Jiang Jing 
Published: March 2014

Through an intertextual reading of Xiao Hong's short story “Hands” and other examples culled from the broader print culture of the Republican period, this article traces the rise of a kind of “hand fetish” in modern China and examines the array of cultural meanings embedded in this particular imagination of modern femininity. The hand fetish came in vogue in a time when the woman's body became the site and symbol of modernization and national rejuvenation in the wake of the antifootbinding movement. To a certain extent, women's hands are elevated to the glamorous status from which their now demonized other, the bound feet, have been eternally banished. As the modern replacement of the stigmatized bound feet, hands now emerge as the female body part associated with civilization, progress, hygienic modernity, and glamour and grace of intelligent and independent women who embody the new universal standard of modern beauty.
Despite all the hype about the apparent disparity in meaning attributed to the different parts of the female body, however, I argue that the foot fetish and the hand fetish are related to each other by a hidden continuity or affinity. Women's elegant and dainty hands, much like their bound feet in the past, express an elitist distance from labor and engrave the notion of class within the notion of femininity. But to simply assert that the hand fetish is nothing other than the survival of the old class bias in a new form is to miss the complexity of the picture. What makes the Chinese fetishization of clean and elegant hands particularly fascinating is the extent to which familiar categories of gender and class become “raced” in the process of their rearticulation. Xiao Hong's story alerts us to the operation of what I'd like to call “the logic of internal racialization” in both elite and popular imaginations of modern femininity. While those who want to project an image of being modern are eager to conform to a white ideal of beauty, they fixate their contrastive other in a fragmentary image of blackness. The realization of this logic is partly achieved through frequent invocations of the discourse of hygiene, the scientific arm of racist ideologies, in representations of lower-class women. The discourse of race thus provides the old categories of difference — gender and class — a new language for self-representation, a new aura of legitimacy and respectability, and a new life.
Filming the Queerness of Comfort Women: Byun Young-Joo's The Murmuring, 1995
Authors: Kim Jongwoo Jeremy 
Published: March 2014

This essay does not concern the history of comfort women per se; rather, it treats disruption and transgression in the discourse of comfort women, as filmmaker Byun Young-Joo sets in motion in The Murmuring (1995). This essay is particularly concerned with Byun's visual language in The Murmuring, which exceeds or is independent of the film's dialogue and narration, spoken to defy and subvert the tyranny of the social norms that regulate gender and sexuality. Although shot when the research on comfort women was inchoate, the critical power of The Murmuring is still unsurpassed because it confronts the difficult but fundamental issue concerning comfort women: the heteronormative desire that sanctioned the violence of wartime sexual slavery. The history of the comfort women has often been written as an indictment of Japan's military imperial ideology, with the goal of recuperating its victims into a semblance of normality, but such normality conforms precisely to the very patriarchal codes that naturalized the institutionalization of Japan's military rape in the first place. Byun's cinematography suggests a recuperation of comfort women, not in the interests of a normalized heterosexuality, but something that might be associated with the queer, a form of defiance aiming to “undo restrictively normative conceptions” of sexuality and gender.
After considering Byun as an icon of transgressive gender and sexuality, this essay delves into her queer camera work and visual narrative structure in The Murmuring. Utilizing the rhetoric of coming out, Byun documents Kang Deok Kyeong's protest against social erasure in front of the Japanese embassy in Seoul. In a scene of domestic activities such as cooking, washing, and hairstyling, which are traditionally associated with femininity, Byun critiques the discourse of normalcy surrounding former comfort women who must endlessly negotiate with the social regulations of womanhood. Bodily desires are emphatically configured in Byun's film even in standard interview scenes, and the architectural setting of the former comfort women's residence (the House of Sharing) metaphorically mirrors the psychological state of its inhabitants. Physical interactions between the women of the House of Sharing are shown to challenge the regulations of gender and sexuality, and bodies that resist the silencing in the name of father are hauntingly featured. With an indepth examination of the final scene in which Hong Kang Rim stands naked before Byun's handheld camera, this essay explores the cinematography of the queer and the undoing of gender and sexuality.
Saw log recovery and stem quality of birch from thinnings in southern Finland
Authors: Kilpeläinen Harri , Lindblad Jari , Heräjärvi Henrik , Verkasalo Erkki 
Published: March 2014

The objective of this study was to examine the timber quality of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and European white birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) trees in the first and second thinnings in southern parts of Finland, from the viewpoint of sawing of small-diameter, short logs, in particular. The average stem volume of birch was 0.140Â m in the first thinning stands and 0.206 m in the second thinning stands. In planted stands, the trees were larger in the first thinnings but slightly smaller in the second thinnings, compared with naturally regenerated pure birch stands or mixed stands of Norway spruce and birch species. Almost 60% of the harvested and 35% of the remaining stems that could provide saw logs were graded as pulpwood for timber quality due to the occurrence of stem defects. The most common stem defects were multiple crooks and middle crooks. Only minor between-stratum differences were detected in the numbers of defects. Depending on the bucking option, the total percentage of saw and plywood logs from the total birch recovery in the thinning of the sample stands varied between 11.7 and 18.2. The recovery of saw logs was clearly higher in the second thinnings, 12â19%, than in the first thinnings, 8â14%. Of the stand types, saw log recovery was the highest in planted birch stands, 12â19%, but lower in naturally regenerated pure birch stands and mixed stands of Norway spruce and birch. The highest share of saw logs was in the second thinning of planted stands, 17â25%. This study shows that the harvesting recoveries of end-use based timber assortments can be estimated in different kinds of thinning birch stands. Based on tree and log dimensions and stem squality, silver birch firstly from plantations and secondly from mixed stands should be the most interesting source of raw material for the saw milling, furniture and interior product sectors.33
Nontrivial solutions for singular semilinear elliptic equations on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Tyagi Jagmohan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract.
In this article, we prove the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to the singular boundary value problem

-

Δ

ℍ

n

u
=
μ

g
(
ξ
)
u

(
|
z
|

4

+

t
2

)

1
2

+
λ
f

(
ξ
,
u
)

$-\Delta _{{\mathbb {H}}^{n}} u= \mu \frac{g(\xi ) u}{(|z|^{4}+ t^{2} )^{\frac{1}{2} }} +\lambda f(\xi , u)$

in Ω,

u
=
0

$ u =0$

on

∂
Ω

$\partial \Omega $

on the Heisenberg group. We employ Bonanno's three critical point theorem to obtain the existence of weak solutions.
Demand for Life Insurance in Malaysia: An Ethnic Comparison Using Household Expenditure Survey Data
Authors: Tan Andrew K. G. , Yen Steven T. , Hasan Abdul Rahman , Muhamed Kamarudin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This study examines the socio-demographic determinants of household expenditures on life insurance in Malaysia. Cragg’s two-part regression model is applied to data of 20,313 sample households from the 2009–2010 Malaysian Household Expenditure Survey to examine the determinants of purchase decisions and expenditure level for life insurance. Results of marginal effects, segmented by ethnicity, suggest that while socio-demographic factors are important determinants of life insurance demand, the effects vary across ethnic groups in Malaysia. For instance, wealth and education levels are associated with purchase likelihoods and amount of life insurance premiums purchased across ethnic groups. However, household size, regional location, urbanicity, and occupation type are associated with life insurance demand within certain ethnic groups only. Based on these results, several observations are noted vis-à-vis the life insurance market in Malaysia.
Character rigidity for special linear groups
Authors: Peterson Jesse , Thom Andreas 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper we study characters on special linear groups

SL
n

⁢

(
R
)

${\mathrm{SL}_{n}(R)}$

, where R is either an infinite field or the localization of an order in a number field.
We give several applications to the theory of measure-preserving actions, operator-algebraic superrigidity, and almost homomorphisms.
The twisted Kähler–Ricci flow
Authors: Collins Tristan C. , Székelyhidi Gábor 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper we study a generalization of the Kähler–Ricci flow,
in which the Ricci form is twisted by a closed, non-negative

(
1
,
1
)

$(1,1)$

-form. We show that when a twisted Kähler–Einstein metric
exists, then this twisted flow converges exponentially. This
generalizes a result of Perelman on the convergence of
the Kähler–Ricci flow, and it builds on work of Tian–Zhu.
Generating sequences of PSL(2,p)
Authors: Nachman Benjamin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Julius Whiston and Jan Saxl [J. Algebra 258 (2002), 651–657] showed that the size of an irredundant generating set of the group G = PSL(2,p) is at most four and computed the size m(G) of a maximal set for many primes. We will extend this result to a larger class of primes, with the surprising result that, when p ¬≡ ±1 mod 10, m(G) = 3 except for the special case p = 7. In addition, we will determine which orders of elements in irredundant generating sets of PSL(2,p) with lengths less than or equal to four are possible in most cases. We also give some remarks about the behavior of PSL(2,p) with respect to the replacement property for groups.
Influence of tire-cord layers and arrangement direction on the physical properties of polyester tire cord reinforced with chloroprene rubber composite materials
Authors: Tsai Peir-An , Wu Jyh-Horng 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPolyester tire cord is used as reinforcement for making chloroprene rubber (CR) composite materials. This study investigated the influences of polyester tire-cord layers and arrangement direction on the mechanical properties of CR composite materials. The experimental results indicate that the optimal temperature and heating time for CR vulcanization are 170°C and 35 min, respectively. This processing condition enabled CR to achieve rapid vulcanization and exhibit optimal mechanical properties. The hardness and compression stiffness of the CR composites increased with increasing tire-cord layers. This phenomenon reduced the occurrence of creep under long-term loading but increased the compression set. In addition, when the arrangement direction of the tire cord and the stretching direction of CR were perpendicular, crack formation and growth easily developed, which reduced the bending-fatigue resistance of CR.
Antioxidant modification of C/C composites by in situ hydrothermally synthesized 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O
Authors: Yang Liu-Qing , Huang Jian-Feng , Li He-Jun , Cao Li-Yun , Fei Jie , Ouyang Hai-Bo , Wu Jian-Peng , Hao Wei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAntioxidant modification of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by
Role of RET genetic variants in MEN2-associated pheochromocytoma
Authors: Siqueira Débora Rodrigues , Ceolin Lucieli , Ferreira Carla Vaz , Romitti Mírian , Maia Silvana Cavalcante , Maciel Léa Maria Zanini , Maia Ana Luiza 
Published: March 2014

Background: RET polymorphisms have been involved in the clinical presentation and prognosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)-associated medullary thyroid carcinoma.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of RET variants on the penetrance of pheochromocytoma (PHEO) in MEN2 patients. Methods: The RET variants L769L, S836S, and G691S/S904S were evaluated in a cohort of 153 MEN2 patients attending a tertiary teaching hospital. A comparison of RET variant frequencies between patients with and without PHEO was performed. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to estimate the effect of RET variants on the age-dependent penetrance.ResultsA total of 48 (31.4%) patients presented with MEN2-associated PHEOs. The mean age at diagnosis was 35.5±13.4 years, 60.4% of patients were women, and 92.8% had RET mutations at codon 634. The frequencies of RET polymorphisms were as follows: 20.1% L769L, 4.75% S836S, and 17.3% S904S/G691S. We did not observe any association between the frequencies of L769L, S836S, or S904S/G691S variants and PHEO development (all P>0.05). However, individuals carrying two RET polymorphic alleles had an increased estimated risk of PHEO (2.63; 95% CI, 1.4–5.0; P=0.004) and were younger at diagnosis when compared with those with one or no polymorphism (29.6±6.3 and 39.3±14.4 years respectively; P=0.006). Accordingly, additional analysis using Cox proportional hazard models demonstrated that the presence of two RET variants was associated with an increased risk for early PHEO development (hazard ratio, 5.99 (95% CI, 2.24–16.03); P<0.001).ConclusionsRET polymorphic alleles have an additive effect on the estimated risk of age-related PHEO penetrance in MEN2 patients.
Exploiting Population Samples to Enhance Genome-Wide Association Studies of Disease
Authors: Kaufman Shachar , Rosset Saharon 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex human disease fail to explain a large portion of heritability, primarily due to lack of statistical power—a problem that is exacerbated when seeking detection of interactions of multiple genomic loci. An untapped source of information that is already widely available, and that is expected to grow in coming years, is population samples. Such samples contain genetic marker data for additional individuals, but not their relevant phenotypes. In this article we develop a highly efficient testing framework based on a constrained maximum-likelihood estimate in a case–control–population setting. We leverage the available population data and optional modeling assumptions, such as Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the population and linkage equilibrium (LE) between distal loci, to substantially improve power of association and interaction tests. We demonstrate, via simulation and application to actual GWAS data sets, that our approach is substantially more powerful and robust than standard testing approaches that ignore or make naive use of the population sample. We report several novel and credible pairwise interactions, in bipolar disorder, coronary artery disease, Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
High Intake of Dietary Sugar Enhances Bisphenol A (BPA) Disruption and Reveals Ribosome-Mediated Pathways of Toxicity
Authors: Branco Alan T , Lemos Bernardo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound to which human populations are ubiquitously exposed. Epidemiological data suggest BPA exposure might be associated with higher rates of diabetes and reproductive anomalies. Health concerns also include transgenerational consequences, but these mechanisms are crudely defined. Similarly, little is known about synergistic interactions between BPA and other substances. Here we show that acute and chronic exposure to BPA causes genome-wide modulation of several functionally coherent genetic pathways in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In particular, BPA exposure causes massive downregulation of testis-specific genes and upregulation of ribosome-associated genes widely expressed across tissues. In addition, it causes the modulation of transposable elements that are specific to the ribosomal DNA loci, suggesting that nucleolar stress might contribute to BPA toxicity. The upregulation of ribosome-associated genes and the impairment of testis-specific gene expression are significantly enhanced upon BPA exposure with a high-sugar diet. Our results suggest that BPA and dietary sugar might functionally interact, with consequences to regulatory programs in both reproductive and somatic tissues.
THE RANDOM POROUS STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL RESPONSE OF LIGHTWEIGHT ALUMINUM FOAMS
Authors: Larner Max , Acker John , Dávila Lilian P. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTLightweight porous foams have been of particular interest in recent years, since they have a very unique set of properties which can be significantly different from their solid parent materials. These properties arise from their random porous structure which is generated through specialized processing techniques. Their unique structure gives these materials interesting properties which allow them to be used in diverse applications. In particular, highly porous Al foams have been used in aircraft components and sound insulation; however due to the difficulty in processing and the random nature of the foams, they are not well understood and thus have not yet been utilized to their full potential. The objective of this study was to integrate experiments and simulations to determine whether a relationship exists between the relative density (porous density/bulk density) and the mechanical properties of open-cell Al foams. Compression experiments were performed using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (IUTM) on ERG Duocel open-cell Al foams with 5.8% relative density, with compressive loads ranging from 0-6 MPa. Foam models were generated using a combination of an open source code, Voro++, and MATLAB. A Finite Element Method (FEM)-based software, COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3, was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of Al foam structures under compressive loads ranging from 0-2 MPa. From these simulated structures, the maximum von Mises stress, volumetric strain, and other properties were calculated. These simulation results were compared against data from compression experiments. CES EduPack software, a materials design program, was also used to estimate the mechanical properties of open-cell foams for values not available experimentally, and for comparison purposes. This program allowed for accurate prediction of the mechanical properties for a given percent density foam, and also provided a baseline for the Al foam samples tested via the IUTM method. Predicted results from CES EduPack indicate that a 5.8% relative density foam will have a Young’s Modulus of 0.02-0.92 GPa while its compressive strength will be 0.34-3.37 MPa. Overall results revealed a relationship between pores per inch and selected mechanical properties of Al foams. The methods developed in this study can be used to efficiently generate open-cell foam models, and to combine experiments and simulations to calculate structure-property relationships and predict yielding and failure, which may help in the pursuit of simulation-based design of metallic foams. This study can help to improve the current methods of characterizing foams and porous materials, and enhance knowledge about theirproperties for novel applications.
Mid Term Results of Distal Femoral Fractures Treated with a Polyaxial Locking Plate: A Multi-Center Study
Authors: Erhardt J.B , Vincenti M , Pressmar J , Kuelling F.A , Spross C , Gebhard F , Roederer G 
Published: March 2014

Objective :
Locking plates have become a standard implant in the treatment of distal femoral fractures. Newer designs allow polyaxial screw placement as well as the ability to lock the lag screws.

Methods :
The consecutive multi-centre study cohort consists of all distal femoral fractures treated with the NCB® Distal Femur plate (Zimmer, Warsaw, USA) and a minimum follow-up of twelve months. Fracture classification according the AO/ OTA system and the trauma mechanism radiological evaluation and complications were documented. Clinical evaluation consisted of the Short Form SF12 questionnaire (SF12), the Hospital for Special Surgery Score (HSS) and clinical assessment of range of motion.

Results :
Twenty-five patients with twenty-six fractures were available for follow-up with a minimum required follow-up of twelve months. 81% of the fractures were intra-articular. 48% of the patients were multi-traumatised, 38% having open fractures. All except two went to union (92%) with the primary procedure. The HSS Score was 79 (32-99) and the SF 12 (physical and mental) 40 (19-57) and 54 (21-66) at follow-up. There were five patients requiring surgical revision (19%).

Conclusion :
These fractures are often combined with concomitant injuries. Using modern locked implants high union rates can be achieved with a good function and patient satisfaction when respecting biologic and biomechanical principles.
Modal-frequency spectrum of magnetic flux density in air gap of permanent magnet motor
Authors: Witczak Pawel , Kubiak Witold , Lefik Marcin , Szulakowski Jacek 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The classic relationships concerning the harmonic content in the air gap field of three-phase machines are presented in form of series of rotating waves. The same approach is applied to modeling of permanent magnet motors with fractional phase windings. All main reasons of non-sinusoidal shape of flux density distribution, namely, magnets’ shape and their placement, slotting, magnetic saturation and eccentricity are also related to their counterparts in modal-frequency spectrum. The Fourier 2D spectrum of time-stepping finite element solution is confronted with results of measurements, with special attention paid to accuracy of both methods