bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of graft survival in a trial of stem cell transplant in ALS
Authors: Tadesse Tezeta , Gearing Marla , Senitzer David , Saxe Debra , Brat Daniel J. , Bray Robert , Gebel Howard , Hill Charles , Boulis Nicholas , Riley Jonathan , Feldman Eva , Johe Karl , Hazel Thomas , Polak Meraida , Bordeau Jane , Federici Thais , Glass Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe first US Food and Drug Administration–approved clinical trial to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with neural stem cell–based therapy is in progress. The goal of the current study was to identify and assess the survival of human spinal cord–derived neural stem cells (HSSCs) transplanted into the spinal cord in patients with ALS.MethodsSpinal cords transplanted with HSSCs were examined from six autopsy cases. Homogenized tissues were interrogated for the presence of donor versus recipient DNA using real‐time PCR methods (qPCR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using DNA probes for XY chromosomes to identify male donor HSSCs in one female case, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to characterize the identified donor cells.ResultsGenomic DNA from donor HSSCs was identified in all cases, comprising 0.67–5.4% of total tissue DNA in patients surviving 196 to 921 days after transplantation. In the one female patient a “nest” of cells identified on H&E staining were XY‐positive by FISH, confirming donor origin. A subset of XY‐positive cells labeled for the neuronal marker NeuN and stem cell marker SOX2.InterpretationThis is the first study to identify human neural stem cells transplanted into a human spinal cord. Transplanted HSSCs survived up to 2.5 years posttransplant. Some cells differentiated into neurons, while others maintained their stem cell phenotype. This work is a proof of concept of the survival and differentiation of human stems cell transplanted into the spinal cord of ALS patients.
Capturing the Mechanical Unfolding Pathway of a Large Protein with Coiled‐Coil Probes
Authors: Li Qing , Scholl Zackary N. , Marszalek Piotr E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe folding behaviors and mechanisms of large multidomain proteins have remained largely uncharacterized, primarily because of the lack of appropriate research methods. To address these limitations, novel mechanical folding probes have been developed that are based on antiparallel coiled‐coil polypeptides. Such probes can be conveniently inserted at the DNA level, at different positions within the protein of interest where they minimally disturb the host protein structure. During single‐molecule force spectroscopy measurements, the forced unfolding of the probe captures the progress of the unfolding front through the host protein structure. This novel approach allows unfolding pathways of large proteins to be directly identified. As an example, this probe was used in a large multidomain protein with ten identical ankyrin repeats, and the unfolding pathway, its direction, and the order of sequential unfolding were unequivocally and precisely determined. This development facilitates the examination of the folding pathways of large proteins, which are predominant in the proteasomes of all organisms, but have thus far eluded study because of the technical limitations encountered when using traditional techniques.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Reveal and Interpret ‘Missing’ Archaeological Features at the Masseria Pantano Site in Apulia (Southern Italy)
Authors: Caldara Massimo , Ciminale Marcello , De Santis Vincenzo , Noviello Mariangela 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA non‐invasive investigation, integrating aerial photography and high‐resolution magnetic survey, was carried out at the Masseria Pantano site (Apulia, Southern Italy) to obtain a more detailed reconstruction of an extensive ancient settlement, which revealed different phases of human frequentation. The results of the ground‐based survey were also used to guide some archaeological excavations, which brought to light, mainly, parts of Medieval wall and column foundations. The correlation between the magnetic anomalies and archaeological remains was very satisfying, except for the lack of a source body that could explain the origin of a positive anomaly, the intensity and extent of which is very significant. A supplementary magnetic survey combined with stratigraphic interpretation from two boreholes, followed by susceptibility measurements, were able to solve this interesting partial misunderstanding between archaeological and magnetic data. This approach revealed clear evidence for a canal, probably Roman in date, which lies beneath the presumed ancient surface identified during the excavation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Comprehensive Magnetic Survey of a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure in West‐central France for the Interpretation of Archaeological Features
Authors: Ard Vincent , Mathé Vivien , Lévêque François , Camus Adrien 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper describes an interdisciplinary study of the Neolithic causewayed enclosure of Bellevue (Chenommet, France). Geophysical investigations and archaeological excavations were used alternately in order to optimize the acquisition of accurate data at different spatial scales: mapping of major structures was obtained by magnetic prospection of the whole site, while excavation identified small features weakly expressed in the prospecting results. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and total magnetic field anomalies were also recorded during the excavation in order to identify the source of the magnetic signal of the ditches. This mutual transdisciplinary contribution is also methodological: the geophysics reveals archaeological information invisible to the eye of the archaeologist and, in turn, the excavation allows refinement of the interpretation of the geophysical data by identifying the sources of signal variations. This article presents the results of the first comprehensive magnetic mapping of a Neolithic causewayed enclosure in the west of France. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Ammonium Betaine‐Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective Aza‐Henry Reaction of α‐Aryl Nitromethanes with Aromatic N‐Boc Imines
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Oyaizu Keigo , Noguchi Haruhiro , Ooi Takashi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA highly stereoselective aza‐Henry reaction of α‐aryl nitromethanes with aromatic N‐Boc imines was established by using C1‐symmetric chiral ammonium betaine as a bifunctional organic base catalyst. Various substituted aryl groups for both imines and nitromethanes were tolerated in the reaction, and a series of precursors for the synthesis of unsymmetrical anti‐1,2‐diaryl ethylenediamines was provided.
Thermodynamic Phase Transition Triggered by Distinct Distortion and Ordering of Dipropylammonium Picrate
Authors: Zhou Yuelan , Chen Tianliang , Sun Zhihua , Zhang Shuquan , Ji Chengmin , Song Cheng , Luo Junhua 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDipropylammonium picrate (compound 1) undergoes a first‐order phase transition at 185.0 K. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements show reversible anomaly peaks with a thermal hysteresis of 10.2 K. Dielectric responses with distinct anisotropy and striking anomaly further confirm the phase transition. Detailed structural analyses demonstrate that the phase transition in 1 is dominated by order–disorder transformations of the dipropylammonium (DPA) cations and the picrate anions. Moreover, the unique distortions of the terminal propyl moieties in the flexible chain‐like DPA cation also play an important role in this structural phase transition. All these results indicate that 1 is a potential phase‐transition material.
Template‐Directed In Situ Polymerization Preparation of Nanocomposites of PEDOT:PSS‐Coated Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Enhanced Thermoelectric Property
Authors: Zhang Zhuang , Chen Guangming , Wang Hanfu , Li Xin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA template‐directed in situ polymerization preparation of nanocomposites of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐coated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with greatly enhanced thermoelectric property is presented. The results reveal that monomeric 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene was successfully polymerized, enwrapping the surfaces of dispersed MWCNTs (templates) with the aid of PSS. The coated morphology was directly observed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The coated layer was further characterized by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. In addition, the interfacial interaction between PEDOT:PSS and MWCNTs was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Finally, the thermoelectric measurements show that the obtained PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT nanocomposites exhibited greatly enhanced electrical conductivities, Seebeck coefficients, and power factors when compared with those of neat PEDOT:PSS.
Protonation of a Biologically Relevant CuII μ‐Thiolate Complex: Ligand Dissociation or Formation of a Protonated CuI Disulfide Species?
Authors: Ording‐Wenker Erica C. M. , van der Plas Martijn , Siegler Maxime A. , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bouwman Elisabeth 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe proton‐induced electron‐transfer reaction of a CuII μ‐thiolate complex to a CuI‐containing species has been investigated, both experimentally and computationally. The CuII μ‐thiolate complex [CuII2(LMeS)2]2+ is isolated with the new pyridyl‐containing ligand LMeSSLMe, which can form both CuII thiolate and CuI disulfide complexes, depending on the solvent. Both the CuII and the CuI complexes show reactivity upon addition of protons. The multivalent tetranuclear complex [CuI2CuII2(LS)2(CH3CN)6]4+ crystallizes after addition of two equivalents of strong acid to a solution containing the μ‐thiolate complex [CuII2(LS)2]2+ and is further analyzed in solution. This study shows that, upon addition of protons to the CuII thiolate compound, the ligand dissociates from the copper centers, in contrast to an earlier report describing redox isomerization to a CuI disulfide species that is protonated at the pyridyl moieties. Computational studies of the protonated CuII μ‐thiolate and CuI disulfide species with LSSL show that already upon addition of two equivalents of protons, ligand dissociation forming [CuI(CH3CN)4]+ and protonated ligand is energetically favored over conversion to a protonated CuI disulfide complex.
HP‐CsB5O8: Synthesis and Characterization of an Outstanding Borate Exhibiting the Simultaneous Linkage of All Structural Units of Borates
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Többens Daniel M. , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe new cesium pentaborate HP‐CsB5O8 is synthesized under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of 6 GPa and 900 °C in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (Z=4) with the parameters a=789.7(1), b=961.2(1), c=836.3(1) pm, V=0.6348(1) nm3, R1=0.0359 and wR2=0.0440 (all data). The new structure type of HP‐CsB5O8 exhibits the simultaneous linkage of trigonal BO3 groups, corner‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra, and edge‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra including the presence of threefold‐coordinated oxygen atoms. With respect to the rich structural chemistry of borates, HP‐CsB5O8 is the second structure type possessing this outstanding combination of the main structural units of borates in one compound. The structure consists of corrugated chains of corner‐ and edge‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra interconnected through BO3 groups forming octagonal channels. Inside these channels, cesium is 13+3‐fold coordinated by oxygen atoms. 11B MQMAS NMR spectra are analyzed to estimate the isotropic chemical shift values and quadrupolar parameters. IR and Raman spectra are obtained and compared to the calculated vibrational frequencies at the Γ‐point. The high‐temperature behavior is examined by means of temperature‐programmed powder diffraction.
Synthesis of Single‐Crystalline Spinel LiMn2O4 Nanorods for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High Rate Capability and Long Cycle Life
Authors: Xie Xiuqiang , Su Dawei , Sun Bing , Zhang Jinqiang , Wang Chengyin , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe long‐standing challenge associated with capacity fading of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries is investigated. Single‐crystalline spinel LiMn2O4 nanorods were successfully synthesized by a template‐engaged method. Porous Mn3O4 nanorods were used as self‐sacrificial templates, into which LiOH was infiltrated by a vacuum‐assisted impregnation route. When used as cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, the spinel LiMn2O4 nanorods exhibited superior long cycle life owing to the one‐dimensional nanorod structure, single‐crystallinity, and Li‐rich effect. LiMn2O4 nanorods retained 95.6 % of the initial capacity after 1000 cycles at 3C rate. In particular, the nanorod morphology of the spinel LiMn2O4 was well‐preserved after a long‐term cycling, suggesting the ultrahigh structural stability of the single crystalline spinel LiMn2O4 nanorods. This result shows the promising applications of single‐crystalline spinel LiMn2O4 nanorods as cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries with high rate capability and long cycle life.
Molecular Recognition and Scavenging of Arsenate from Aqueous Solution Using Dimetallic Receptors
Authors: Moffat Chris D. , Weiss Dominik J. , Shivalingam Arun , White Andrew J. P. , Salaün Pascal , Vilar Ramon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA series of copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) dimetallic complexes were prepared and their affinities towards arsenate investigated. Indicator displacement assays (IDAs) were carried out to establish the complexes with best affinities towards arsenate. A di‐zinc complex (3) was selected and its arsenate‐binding abilities investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The X‐ray crystal structure of this metallo‐receptor bound to arsenate is also reported, which allowed us to establish the binding mode between 3 and this oxyanion. Immobilising 3 onto HypoGel resin yielded a novel adsorbent (Zn–HypoGel) with high affinity for arsenate. Adsorption of arsenate from competitive solutions and natural groundwater was greater than that of the commercially used iron oxide Bayoxide E33. Zn–HypoGel could be efficiently and simply regenerated by washing with sodium acetate solution.
Phenothiazine–BODIPY–Fullerene Triads as Photosynthetic Reaction Center Models: Substitution and Solvent Polarity Effects on Photoinduced Charge Separation and Recombination
Authors: KC Chandra B. , Lim Gary N. , Nesterov Vladimir N. , Karr Paul A. , D'Souza Francis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNovel photosynthetic reaction center model compounds of the type donor2–donor1–acceptor, composed of phenothiazine, BF2‐chelated dipyrromethene (BODIPY), and fullerene, respectively, have been newly synthesized using multistep synthetic methods. X‐ray structures of three of the phenothiazine‐BODIPY intermediate compounds have been solved to visualize the substitution effect caused by the phenothiazine on the BODIPY macrocycle. Optical absorption and emission, computational, and differential pulse voltammetry studies were systematically performed to establish the molecular integrity of the triads. The N‐substituted phenothiazine was found to be easier to oxidize by 60 mV compared to the C‐substituted analogue. The geometry and electronic structures were obtained by B3LYP/6‐31G(dp) calculations (for H, B, N, and O) and B3LYP/6‐31G(df) calculations (for S) in vacuum, followed by a single‐point calculation in benzonitrile utilizing the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The HOMO−1, HOMO, and LUMO were, respectively, on the BODIPY, phenothiazine and fullerene entities, which agreed well with the site of electron transfer determined from electrochemical studies. The energy‐level diagram deduced from these data helped in elucidating the mechanistic details of the photochemical events. Excitation of BODIPY resulted in ultrafast electron transfer to produce PTZ–BODIPY.+–C60.−; subsequent hole shift resulted in PTZ.+–BODIPY–C60.− charge‐separated species. The return of the charge‐separated species was found to be solvent dependent. In nonpolar solvents the PTZ.+–BODIPY–C60.− species populated the 3C60* prior to returning to the ground state, while in polar solvent no such process was observed due to relative positioning of the energy levels. The 1BODIPY* generated radical ion‐pair in these triads persisted for few nanoseconds due to electron transfer/hole‐shift mechanism.
Thermal Reaction Analysis of Oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Godini Hamid Reza , Fleischer Vinzenz , Görke Oliver , Jaso Stanislav , Schomäcker Reinhard , Wozny Günter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFor more than three decades, the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process has been investigated as a promising alternative approach for ethylene production. Simulations of different sets of surface mechanisms over the Na2WO4/Mn/SiO2 catalyst and the gas phase reactions that come along with the OCM reaction were analyzed in a fixed‐bed, membrane, and fluidized‐bed reactor. The results were compared with the experimental data generated in an OCM mini‐plant. It was observed that the gas phase reactions are crucial in reducing the overall selectivity, especially in the fluidized‐bed reactor.
Receptor‐Mediated Uptake of Boron‐Rich Neuropeptide Y Analogues for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Ahrens Verena M. , Frank René , Boehnke Solveig , Schütz Christian L. , Hampel Gabriele , Iffland Dorothée S. , Bings Nicolas H. , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPeptidic ligands selectively targeting distinct G protein‐coupled receptors that are highly expressed in tumor tissue represent a promising approach in drug delivery. Receptor‐preferring analogues of neuropeptide Y (NPY) bind and activate the human Y1 receptor subtype (hY1 receptor), which is found in 90 % of breast cancer tissue and in all breast‐cancer‐derived metastases. Herein, novel highly boron‐loaded Y1‐receptor‐preferring peptide analogues are described as smart shuttle systems for carbaboranes as 10B‐containing moieties. Various positions in the peptide were screened for their susceptibility to carbaborane modification, and the most promising positions were chosen to create a multi‐carbaborane peptide containing 30 boron atoms per peptide with excellent activation and internalization patterns at the hY1 receptor. Boron uptake studies by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed successful uptake of the multi‐carbaborane peptide into hY1‐receptor‐expressing cells, exceeding the required amount of 109 boron atoms per cell. This result demonstrates that the NPY/hY receptor system can act as an effective transport system for boron‐containing moieties.
O‐(Triazolyl)methyl Carbamates as a Novel and Potent Class of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitors
Authors: Colombano Giampiero , Albani Clara , Ottonello Giuliana , Ribeiro Alison , Scarpelli Rita , Tarozzo Glauco , Daglian Jennifer , Jung Kwang‐Mook , Piomelli Daniele , Bandiera Tiziano 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity is under investigation as a valuable strategy for the treatment of several disorders, including pain and drug addiction. A number of potent FAAH inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes have been disclosed to date; O‐aryl carbamates are one of the most representative families. In the search for novel FAAH inhibitors, a series of O‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl carbamate derivatives were designed and synthesized exploiting a copper‐ catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between azides and alkynes (click chemistry). Exploration of the structure–activity relationships within this new class of compounds identified potent inhibitors of both rat and human FAAH with IC50 values in the single‐digit nanomolar range. In addition, these derivatives showed improved stability in rat plasma and kinetic solubility in buffer with respect to the lead compound. Based on the results of the study, the novel analogues identified can be considered to be promising starting point for the development of new FAAH inhibitors with improved drug‐like properties.
Access to high‐tech health care: Ethics
Authors: Merrill John M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAccess to health care has always been limited by personal and social economics. Poverty remains one element that correlates with poor prognosis in all varieties of cancer. Prior to becoming standard therapy, elements of high‐tech health care are often widely available as research protocols, participation in which is generally available without considerations of insurance coverage or personal wealth. Any person may still volunteer participation in research protocols and thereby partake in high‐tech advances even before these become standard therapy. However, recent developments in the conduct of research now may limit participation. Medicare and third party insurance payers proscribe payment for research project care and always have. Recently, more than ever before, reimbursements to physicians and health care institutions have been more closely scrutinized to reject all payment in research settings. In situations in which cost and availability of the new technology, whether machine or drug, limit participation, research entrepreneurs have made research participation available to only those who can pay for it. These and similar developments threaten to limit access to high‐tech health care and to actually impede cancer research.
Changing demographics in the united states: Implications for health professionals
Authors: Frank‐Stromborg Marilyn 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe coming decade will bring dramatic changes in the composition of the American population. Changes in immigration laws, illegal and legal immigration into this country, and the aging of the “baby boomers” will all result in profound changes in the demographics of this country. These demographic changes will necessitate alterations in all aspects of the health care system. This article focuses on the projected changes that will occur in relation to the elderly, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and the economically disadvantaged, and on the related implications for health care professionals. The cancer incidence and mortality rates for each discussed minority group differ from the rates presently reported for while Americans. Thus, health professionals will have to be aware of the differences among these groups and tailor their primary and secondary prevention efforts accordingly. The future task for all health care providers serving minorities and the elderly will be to familiarize themselves with the special health problems of the population with whom they work and with the ethnocultural barriers that deter proper use and delivery of health services.