bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus infection during immunosuppressive therapy for diffuse parenchymal lung disease
Authors: ARAI TORU , INOUE YOSHIKAZU , TACHIBANA KAZUNOBU , TSUYUGUCHI KAZUNARI , NISHIYAMA AKIHIDE , SUGIMOTO CHIKATOSHI , SASAKI YUMIKO , KAGAWA TOMOKO , MATSUDA YOSHINOBU , HAYASHI SEIJI 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a life‐threatening condition in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs), who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of CMV infection and to propose a strategy for managing CMV infection in patients with DPLD who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy.Methods:  A retrospective longitudinal observational study was performed on 69 patients with DPLDs (39 with acute/subacute onset, 30 with chronic onset) who were receiving immunosuppressive therapy and were positive for CMV pp65 antigen (CMV‐pp65Ag) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs).Results:  Clinical CMV disease and subclinical CMV antigenaemia developed in 23 and 46 patients, respectively. The cut‐off level of CMV‐pp65Ag indicating clinical CMV disease, as determined by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, was 7.5 cells per 5 × 104 PBLs. Multivariate analysis revealed that early CMV infection was associated with acute/subacute onset of underlying DPLD and with respiratory dysfunction at the commencement of immunosuppressive therapy. Multivariate analysis also suggested that the acute/subacute onset of underlying DPLD, a CMV‐pp65Ag titre of >7.5 cells per 5 × 104 PBLs, and C‐reactive protein levels ≥10 mg/L indicated a poor prognosis.Conclusions:  We recommend that CMV‐pp65Ag antigenaemia of >7.5 cells per 5 × 104 PBLs in patients with DPLD should be treated with ganciclovir. Patients with lower levels of CMV‐pp65Ag antigenaemia should be closely monitored or treated with ganciclovir if the clinical findings suggest a poor prognosis.
Girly mags and girly jobs: Pornography and gendered inequality in forensic practice
Authors: Mercer Dave 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article presents findings from a discourse analytic study into the constructive nature and textual variations of language in a high‐security hospital. It explores how mental health nurses, and men convicted of sexual offences who also have a diagnosis of personality disorder, talked about pornography and sexual crime in the context of forensic provision. Access to sexually‐explicit media, in relation to treatment environments for people convicted of sexual offences, has become a cause for professional and political concern in the UK. Data collection and analysis, undertaken concurrently, were informed by a discursive design. Semistructured interviews, as co‐constructed accounts with nursing staff and detained patients, were audio‐taped and transcribed. Data were coded to identify the discursive repertoires, or collective talk, of respondents. In contrast to empirical inquiry into pornography and sexual violence, methodology shifted attention from measurement to meaning, and situated research in a clinical domain. The findings focus on performative language use, where talk about pornography textured the treatment environment, contributed to an overtly masculine discourse, framed the ward as male space, and promoted gendered inequality. The discussion questions the legitimacy of the therapeutic enterprise.
Emotional Dynamics and Strategizing Processes: A Study of Strategic Conversations in Top Team Meetings
Authors: Liu Feng , Maitlis Sally 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn important but largely unexplored issue in the study of strategy‐as‐discourse is how emotion affects the discursive processes through which strategy is constructed. To address this question, this paper investigates displayed emotions in strategic conversations and explores how the emotional dynamics generated through these displays shape a top management team's strategizing. Using microethnography, we analyse conversations about ten strategic issues raised across seven top management team meetings and identify five different kinds of emotional dynamic, each associated with a different type of strategizing process. The emotional dynamics vary in the sorts of emotions displayed, their sequencing and overall form. The strategizing processes vary in how issues are proposed, discussed, and evaluated, and whether decisions are taken or postponed. We identify team relationship dynamics as a key mechanism linking emotional dynamics and strategizing processes, and issue urgency as another important influence.
Standard of Care, Professional Obligations, and Distributive Justice
Authors: Mackay Douglas 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe problem of standard‐of‐care in clinical research concerns the level of care that investigators ought to provide to research subjects in the control arm of their clinical trials. Commentators differ sharply on whether subjects in trials conducted in lower income countries should be provided with the same level of care as subjects in trials conducted in higher income countries. I consider an argument that commentators have employed on both sides of this debate: professional role arguments. These arguments claim to justify a conclusion to the standard‐of‐care problem solely by appeal to the professional obligations that investigators possess. I argue that prominent versions of professional role arguments cannot justify a solution to the problem of standard‐of‐care that is both determinate and reasonable simply by appeal to the professional obligations of investigators. Instead, to do so, one must also (1) determine the level of care or types of treatment that individuals are entitled to as a matter of distributive justice, and (2) identify which agents possess the duties that correspond to these entitlements. The level of care that investigators owe to subjects in the control arm of their clinical trials is thus in part dependent on the level of care that these subjects are entitled to as a matter of distributive justice, and whether it is the investigators who possess the corresponding distributive obligation to provide them with the care that they are entitled to.
The Impact of Oportunidades on Consumption, Savings and Transfers*
Authors: Angelucci Manuela , Attanasio Orazio , Di Maro Vincenzo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we estimate the effect of the Mexican conditional cash transfer programme, Oportunidades, on transfers, savings and consumption for treated households. We find positive effects on consumption of non‐durable and durable goods, an increase in savings coupled with a drop in the number and values of loans, and a reduction of in‐kind transfers received by households in treatment areas. These results are consistent with the existing evidence that conditional cash transfer programmes have beneficial effects in both the short and medium term, but that they partly crowd out private transfers.
A Quantile Regression Analysis of the Effect of Farmers’ Attitudes and Perceptions on Market Participation
Authors: Kostov Philip , Davidova Sophia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the subjective determinants of farmers’ participation in output markets in five EU New Member States (NMS) characterised by large semi‐subsistence sectors. It employs quantile regression to model market participation reflecting the heterogeneity amongst farmers. The study also uses the Bayesian adaptive lasso to simultaneously select important covariates and estimate the corresponding quantile regression models. The empirical results show that only two variables affect all quantiles, while their effect varies across quantiles. Some of the remaining variables affect the share of output sold at the lower quantiles (i.e. for subsistence‐ and semi‐subsistence‐oriented farmers) only, whereas other variables are only significant at the upper quantiles (i.e. for more commercially oriented farms). Advisory services, and particularly agricultural business advice, and information and advice on markets and prices can facilitate the market participation of subsistence‐oriented farms.
Hospital‐Acquired Pressure Ulcers: Results from the National Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System Study
Authors: Lyder Courtney H. , Wang Yun , Metersky Mark , Curry Maureen , Kliman Rebecca , Verzier Nancy R. , Hunt David R. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the national and state incidence levels of newly hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (PUs) in Medicare beneficiaries and to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics and outcomes of these individuals.DesignRetrospective secondary analysis of the national Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS) database.SettingMedicare‐eligible hospitals across the United States and select territories.ParticipantsFifty‐one thousand eight hundred forty‐two randomly selected hospitalized fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries discharged from the hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007.MeasurementsData were abstracted from the MPSMS, which collects information on multiple hospital adverse events.ResultsOf the 51,842 individuals in the MPSMS 2006/07 sample, 2,313 (4.5%) developed at least one new PU during their hospitalization. The mortality risk–adjusted odds ratios were 2.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.44–3.23) for in‐hospital mortality, 1.69 (95% CI = 1.61–1.77) for mortality within 30 days after discharge, and 1.33 (95% CI = 1.23–1.45) for readmission within 30 days. The hospital risk–adjusted main length of stay was 4.8 days (95% CI = 4.7–5.0 days) for individuals who did not develop PUs and 11.2 days (95% CI = 10.19–11.4) for those with hospital‐acquired PUs (P < .001). The Northeast region and Missouri had the highest incidence rates (4.6% and 5.9%, respectively).ConclusionIndividuals who developed PUs were more likely to die during the hospital stay, have generally longer hospital lengths of stay, and be readmitted within 30 days after discharge.
Does the Presence of Anterior Mandibular Teeth Increase the Incidence of Denture Stomatitis?
Authors: Sakar Olcay , Sulun Tonguc , Bilhan Hakan , Ispirgil Ebru 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: To compare the frequency of denture stomatitis (DS) under maxillary complete dentures (CDs) in patients with opposing mandibular distal extension removable partial dentures (RPDs) and CDs.Materials and Methods: Participants included 365 maxillary CD wearers (241 women, mean age 70.5 ± 13.2 years; 124 men, mean age 71.5 ± 10.4 years) from 7 rest homes in Istanbul. A total of 268 had mandibular CDs; 97 had mandibular distal extension RPDs. Two independent, calibrated examiners performed oral examinations. Presence of maxillary denture‐related stomatitis and the effect of risk factors on DS were evaluated and recorded.Results: The frequency of palatal DS (Newton I‐III) was 45.1% (n = 121) in the mandibular CD group and 49.5% (n = 48) in the mandibular distal extension RPD group, a statistically insignificant difference (p= 0.4). Factors significantly associated with palatal DS were maxillary denture age (p= 0.02), reduced occlusal vertical dimension (p= 0.04), and nocturnal denture wear (p= 0.03).Conclusion: In this study, DS beneath maxillary CDs did not differ between mandibular distal extension RPD and CD wearers. The presence of mandibular anterior teeth did not influence the occurrence of palatal DS.
Computational Evidence That Frequency Trajectory Theory Does Not Oppose But Emerges From Age‐of‐Acquisition Theory
Authors: Mermillod Martial , Bonin Patrick , Méot Alain , Ferrand Ludovic , Paindavoine Michel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAccording to the age‐of‐acquisition hypothesis, words acquired early in life are processed faster and more accurately than words acquired later. Connectionist models have begun to explore the influence of the age/order of acquisition of items (and also their frequency of encounter). This study attempts to reconcile two different methodological and theoretical approaches (proposed by Lambon Ralph & Ehsan, 2006 and Zevin & Seidenberg, 2002) to age‐limited learning effects. The current simulations extend the findings reported by Zevin and Seidenberg (2002) that have shown that frequency trajectories (FTs) have limited and specific effects on word‐reading tasks. Using the methodological framework proposed by Lambon Ralph and Ehsan (2006), which makes it possible to compare word‐reading and picture‐naming tasks in connectionist networks, we were able to show that FT has a considerable influence on age‐limited learning effects in a picture naming task. The findings show that when the input–output mappings are arbitrary (simulating picture naming tasks), the links formed by the network become entrenched as a result of early experience and that subsequent variations in frequency of exposure of the items have only a minor impact. In contrast, when the mappings between input‐output are quasi‐systematic or systematic (simulating word‐reading tasks), the training of new items was generalized and resulted in the suppression of age‐limited learning effects. At a theoretical level, we suggest that FT, which simultaneously takes account of time and the level of exposure across time, represents a more precise and modulated measure compared with the order of introduction of the items and may lead to innovative hypotheses in the field of age‐limited learning effects.
Travailleurs salariés et indépendants faiblement rémunérés en Inde
Authors: RANI Uma , BELSER Patrick 
Published: September 2012

Résumé.Les inégalités et la pauvreté en Inde ont été beaucoup étudiées, mais sans guère d'attention au rôle du marché du travail. Pour y remédier, les auteurs examinent le phénomène des faibles rémunérations, avec son ampleur, ses caractéristiques et ses déterminants. Ils établissent un seuil absolu de gains au‐delà duquel les travailleurs ont un niveau de vie décent. Partant de microdonnées sur les ménages des salariés et des travailleurs indépendants, ils constatent qu'environ la moitié de la main‐d'œuvre indienne est mal rémunérée, ce qui dénote un grave déficit de «travail décent». Ils proposent des pistes pour élever les salaires et la productivité, donc les gains.
Afrique du Sud: une réglementation sur le salaire minimum peu respectée
Authors: BHORAT Haroon , KANBUR Ravi , MAYET Natasha 
Published: September 2012

Résumé.Le travail a pour objet d'asseoir sur une base quantitative plus solide le débat sur le niveau et l'application des salaires minima en Afrique du Sud et dans d'autres pays en développement. Les auteurs comparent les salaires minima en vigueur, selon l'activité et la localisation, avec les données de l'Enquête sur la main‐d'œuvre de 2007. Ils observent que 44 pour cent des travailleurs sont payés au‐dessous du minimum et que le manque à gagner moyen est de 35 pour cent. Les secteurs les plus touchés sont la sécurité, la foresterie et l'agriculture.
An analysis of bundle pricing: the case of biotech seeds
Authors: Shi Guanming , Chavas Jean‐Paul , Stiegert Kyle , Meng Xiangyi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBiotechnology has provided opportunities for strategic management and pricing of patented products. This article analyzes the economics and strategy of bundling and bundle pricing of biotech traits in seeds. When the bundling of genes/traits is decided by biotech firms, firms may choose among subadditive pricing, component pricing, or superadditive pricing strategies. We argue that complementarity among component genes contributes to subadditive pricing, while substitution among components contributes to superadditive pricing. The nature of bundle pricing is explored empirically using U.S. seed corn data from 2000 to 2007. We document that subadditive bundle pricing of traits is commonly found in the seed corn market. However, we also present evidence of superadditive pricing and component pricing. The presence of different pricing and bundling strategies suggests a rapidly advancing and complex market. The preponderance of subadditive pricing suggests that trait bundling offers benefits to farmers exhibiting strong demand for multiple complementary genetic traits.
Hot moments for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Radeloff Volker C. , Beaudry Fred , Brooks Thomas M. , Butsic Van , Dubinin Maxim , Kuemmerle Tobias , Pidgeon Anna M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBiodiversity conservation requires prioritization to be effective. Biodiversity hotspots and conservation planning identify where to focus conservation efforts, but it is unclear when conservation is most successful. Our goals were to: (a) investigate if hot moments for conservation occur, (b) calculate how important and prevalent they are, and (c) discuss what may catalyze hot moments for conservation. We analyzed the worldwide network of protected areas since inception, analyzing both all countries, and those 35 countries that contained at least 1% of either the total count or the total area protected globally. The evidence for hot moments for conservation was very strong. Among all countries, 44% protected more than half of their protected area in 1 year, and 61% did so in one 5‐year period. The 35 countries that contain most of the protected area globally (77%) protected 23% and 49%, respectively, within 1 or 5 years. Hot moments often coincided with societal upheaval such as the collapse of the USSR or the end of colonialism. Conservationists need to account for hot moments for conservation to be most effective.
Serum biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis
Authors: Leite Nathalie Carvalho , Salles Gil Fernando , Cardoso Claudia Regina Lopes , Villela‐Nogueira Cristiane Alves 
Published: September 2012

AimAdvanced stages of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), however, no diabetes‐related or biochemical variable seems to be predictive of severity of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of several serum biomarkers with the more severe histopathological stages of NAFLD in T2DM.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional design, 84 T2DM patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD had adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor‐α, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, interleukin (IL)‐6, ‐8 and ‐10, and C‐reactive protein measured. NAFLD severity was evaluated by two hepatopathologists according to the non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network scoring system. Independent associations of cytokines with NASH and advanced fibrosis were evaluated by multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsSixty‐six patients (78.6%) had NASH, and 52 patients (61.9%) had advanced fibrosis considering the highest score between the two pathologists. Patients with NASH or with advanced fibrosis had equal cytokine levels to those without NASH or with absent/light fibrosis, except for a lower serum adiponectin (8.59 vs 12.77 μg/mL; P = 0.015) in patients with NASH and a lower TGF‐β1 (170 vs 180 pg/mL; P = 0.026) in patients with advanced fibrosis. In multivariate analysis, lower adiponectin was independently associated with NASH (odds ratio = 7.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.5–39.9, P = 0.014, for the subgroup with adiponectin below the median value), whereas both lower adiponectin and lower TGF‐β1 levels were associated with advanced fibrosis.ConclusionLow adiponectin and low TGF‐β1 are associated with severest NAFLD stages in T2DM and may be a valuable tool to support liver biopsy indication in this setting.
The BMI of men and not sperm parameters impact on embryo quality and the IVF outcome
Authors: Anifandis G. , Dafopoulos K. , Messini C. I. , Polyzos N. , Messinis I. E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt has been reported that increased body mass index (BMI) of men influences fecundity but it is not clear if it impacts on sperm parameters. Whether or not BMI of men influence sperm parameters and subsequently in vitro fertilization (IVF) result remains to be clarified. The aim of the present study was primarily to investigate the relationship between the BMI of men and sperm parameters (volume, concentration and motility) and whether or not it impacts on embryo quality and IVF outcome. Secondly, to investigate the impact of BMI of both men and women, in combination with their age, on IVF result. Three hundred and one couples were categorized according to their BMI. Group 1 (n = 64, both men and women had BMI l ≤ 25 kg/m2), group 2 (n = 79, both men and women had BMI > 25 kg/m2), group 3 (n = 142, men had BMI > 25 kg/m2and their wives had BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) and group 4 (n = 16, men had BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and their wives had BMI > 25 kg/m2). Overall (n = 301) BMI and age of men did not correlate with sperm parameters. Group 1 and group 4, regardless of the BMI of their women, demonstrated the highest quality of embryos and consequently the highest percentage of pregnancy. Furthermore, the score of the combination of both BMI and age of both men and women resulted in a threshold level of less than 800 with a relative high per cent of pregnancy. BMI of men does not correlate with sperm parameters, but influences the quality of produced embryos in such a way that impacts on pregnancy rate.
The importance of iron speciation (Fe+2/Fe+3) in determining mineral assemblages: an example from the high‐grade aluminous metapelites of southeastern Madagascar
Authors: BOGER S. D. , WHITE R. W. , SCHULTE B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMetapelitic granulites from the Anosyen domain of southeastern Madagascar are exposed in three intercalated formations: the Amparihy, Bakika and Ihosy formations. Although mineralogically distinct from each other, the rocks from these formations show very similar bulk‐rock compositions when measured on a FeT basis. The preserved mineral assemblages thus do not reflect differences in the ratios of the main rock‐forming oxides (i.e. Al2O3:FeT:MgO), but instead reflect variations in the pre‐metamorphic oxidation state of the protolith rocks. These differences in oxidation state are manifested via differences in iron speciation – either Fe+2 or Fe+3. The relatively reduced rocks of the Amparihy Formation preserve the assemblage bi–sp–sill–g–cd, which contrasts markedly with the mostly garnet and spinel‐absent bi–cd–sill–mt assemblages preserved in the strongly oxidized rocks of the Ihosy Formation. Compositionally intermediate rocks of the Bakika Formation are garnet bearing, but sillimanite‐absent, and contain the assemblage sp–g–cd–mag. Modelling of these rocks in the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O system suggests that they evolved along a heating and cooling P–T path with only limited decompression accompanying cooling on the retrograde path. Peak temperatures and pressures of ∼880–920 °C and 6–6.5 kbar are inferred for the majority of the Anosyen domain, with slightly lower peak temperatures (∼840 °C) estimated in the extreme northwest of the area. The high‐temperature and relatively low‐pressure nature of metamorphism suggests high geothermal gradients existed during orogenesis, which in southern Madagascar is related to the amalgamation of Gondwana (580–520 Ma). Although metamorphic temperatures may have been augmented via thermal advection from the emplacement of the syn‐ to post‐tectonic Ambalavao suite, the high geothermal gradients nevertheless suggest thin and consequently hot lithosphere existed prior to orogenesis.