bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Fractions of CO
2
-Fixing Microorganisms in Pristine Limestone Aquifers Appear To Be Involved in the Oxidation of Reduced Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds
Authors: Herrmann Martina , Rusznyák Anna , Akob Denise M. , Schulze Isabel , Opitz Sebastian , Totsche Kai Uwe , Küsel Kirsten 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The traditional view of the dependency of subsurface environments on surface-derived allochthonous carbon inputs is challenged by increasing evidence for the role of lithoautotrophy in aquifer carbon flow. We linked information on autotrophy (Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle) with that from total microbial community analysis in groundwater at two superimposed—upper and lower—limestone groundwater reservoirs (aquifers). Quantitative PCR revealed that up to 17% of the microbial population had the genetic potential to fix CO
2
via the Calvin cycle, with abundances of
cbbM
and
cbbL
genes, encoding RubisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) forms I and II, ranging from 1.14 × 10
3
to 6 × 10
6
genes liter
−1
over a 2-year period. The structure of the active microbial communities based on 16S rRNA transcripts differed between the two aquifers, with a larger fraction of heterotrophic, facultative anaerobic, soil-related groups in the oxygen-deficient upper aquifer. Most identified CO
2
-assimilating phylogenetic groups appeared to be involved in the oxidation of sulfur or nitrogen compounds and harbored both RubisCO forms I and II, allowing efficient CO
2
fixation in environments with strong oxygen and CO
2
fluctuations. The genera
Sulfuricella
and
Nitrosomonas
were represented by read fractions of up to 78 and 33%, respectively, within the
cbbM
and
cbbL
transcript pool and accounted for 5.6 and 3.8% of 16S rRNA sequence reads, respectively, in the lower aquifer. Our results indicate that a large fraction of bacteria in pristine limestone aquifers has the genetic potential for autotrophic CO
2
fixation, with energy most likely provided by the oxidation of reduced sulfur and nitrogen compounds.
Genotype-Specific Variation in the Structure of Root Fungal Communities Is Related to Chickpea Plant Productivity
Authors: Bazghaleh Navid , Hamel Chantal , Gan Yantai , Tar'an Bunyamin , Knight Joan Diane 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Increasing evidence supports the existence of variations in the association of plant roots with symbiotic fungi that can improve plant growth and inhibit pathogens. However, it is unclear whether intraspecific variations in the symbiosis exist among plant cultivars and if they can be used to improve crop productivity. In this study, we determined genotype-specific variations in the association of chickpea roots with soil fungal communities and evaluated the effect of root mycota on crop productivity. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in southwestern Saskatchewan, the central zone of the chickpea growing region of the Canadian prairie. The effects of 13 cultivars of chickpea, comprising a wide range of phenotypes and genotypes, were tested on the structure of root-associated fungal communities based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S rRNA gene markers using 454 amplicon pyrosequencing. Chickpea cultivar significantly influenced the structure of the root fungal community. The magnitude of the effect varied with the genotypes evaluated, and effects were consistent across years. For example, the roots of CDC Corrine, CDC Cory, and CDC Anna hosted the highest fungal diversity and CDC Alma and CDC Xena the lowest.
Fusarium
sp. was dominant in chickpea roots but was less abundant in CDC Corrine than the other cultivars. A bioassay showed that certain of these fungal taxa, including
Fusarium
species, can reduce the productivity of chickpea, whereas
Trichoderma harzianum
can increase chickpea productivity. The large variation in the profile of chickpea root mycota, which included growth-promoting and -inhibiting species, supports the possibility of improving the productivity of chickpea by improving its root mycota in chickpea genetic improvement programs using traditional breeding techniques.
In Vivo
Selection To Identify Bacterial Strains with Enhanced Ecological Performance in Synbiotic Applications
Authors: Krumbeck Janina A. , Maldonado-Gomez María X. , Martínez Inés , Frese Steven A. , Burkey Thomas E. , Rasineni Karuna , Ramer-Tait Amanda E. , Harris Edward N. , Hutkins Robert W. , Walter Jens 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

One strategy for enhancing the establishment of probiotic bacteria in the human intestinal tract is via the parallel administration of a prebiotic, which is referred to as a synbiotic. Here we present a novel method that allows a rational selection of putative probiotic strains to be used in synbiotic applications:
in vivo
selection (IVS). This method consists of isolating candidate probiotic strains from fecal samples following enrichment with the respective prebiotic. To test the potential of IVS, we isolated bifidobacteria from human subjects who consumed increasing doses of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) for 9 weeks. A retrospective analysis of the fecal microbiota of one subject revealed an 8-fold enrichment in
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
strain IVS-1 during GOS administration. The functionality of GOS to support the establishment of IVS-1 in the gastrointestinal tract was then evaluated in rats administered the bacterial strain alone, the prebiotic alone, or the synbiotic combination. Strain-specific quantitative real-time PCR showed that the addition of GOS increased
B. adolescentis
IVS-1 abundance in the distal intestine by nearly 2 logs compared to rats receiving only the probiotic. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing not only confirmed the increased establishment of IVS-1 in the intestine but also revealed that the strain was able to outcompete the resident
Bifidobacterium
population when provided with GOS. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IVS can be used to successfully formulate a synergistic synbiotic that can substantially enhance the establishment and competitiveness of a putative probiotic strain in the gastrointestinal tract.
Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Strain with an H274Y Mutation in Neuraminidase Persists without Drug Pressure in Infected Mallards
Authors: Gillman Anna , Muradrasoli Shaman , Söderström Hanna , Holmberg Fredrik , Latorre-Margalef Neus , Tolf Conny , Waldenström Jonas , Gunnarsson Gunnar , Olsen Björn , Järhult Josef D. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Influenza A virus (IAV) has its natural reservoir in wild waterfowl, and emerging human IAVs often contain gene segments from avian viruses. The active drug metabolite of oseltamivir (oseltamivir carboxylate [OC]), stockpiled as Tamiflu for influenza pandemic preparedness, is not removed by conventional sewage treatment and has been detected in river water. There, it may exert evolutionary pressure on avian IAV in waterfowl, resulting in the development of resistant viral variants. A resistant avian IAV can circulate among wild birds only if resistance does not restrict viral fitness and if the resistant virus can persist without continuous drug pressure. In this
in vivo
mallard (
Anas platyrhynchos
) study, we tested whether an OC-resistant avian IAV (H1N1) strain with an H274Y mutation in the neuraminidase (NA-H274Y) could retain resistance while drug pressure was gradually removed. Successively infected mallards were exposed to decreasing levels of OC, and fecal samples were analyzed for the neuraminidase sequence and phenotypic resistance. No reversion to wild-type virus was observed during the experiment, which included 17 days of viral transmission among 10 ducks exposed to OC concentrations below resistance induction levels. We conclude that resistance in avian IAV that is induced by exposure of the natural host to OC can persist in the absence of the drug. Thus, there is a risk that human-pathogenic IAVs that evolve from IAVs circulating among wild birds may contain resistance mutations. An oseltamivir-resistant pandemic IAV would pose a substantial public health threat. Therefore, our observations underscore the need for prudent oseltamivir use, upgraded sewage treatment, and surveillance for resistant IAVs in wild birds.
System facilitators and barriers to discussing older driver safety in primary care settings
Authors: Betz Marian E , Jones Jacqueline , Carr David B 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundPrimary care physicians play a leading role in counselling older drivers, but discussions often do not occur until safety concerns arise. Prior work suggests that routine questioning about driving might facilitate these difficult conversations.ObjectiveTo explore system-level factors affecting driving discussions in primary care settings, in order to inform the design and implementation of a programme supporting routine conversations.MethodsThis qualitative descriptive study used iterative interviews with providers (physicians, nurses, medical assistants, social workers, and administrative staff) working at two clinics (one geriatric, one general internal medicine) at a tertiary-care teaching hospital. General inductive techniques in transcript analysis were used to identify stakeholder-perceived system-level barriers and facilitators to routine conversations with older drivers.ResultsFrom 15 interviews, four themes emerged: (1) complexity of defined provider roles within primary care setting (which can both support team work and hamper efficiency); (2) inadequate resources to support providers (including clinical prompts, local guides, and access to social workers and driving specialists); (3) gaps in education of providers and patients about discussing driving; and (4) suggested models to enhance provider conversations with older drivers (including following successful examples and using defined pathways integrated into the electronic medical record). A fifth theme was that participants characterised their experiences in terms of current and ideal states.ConclusionsPhysicians have been tasked with assessing older driver safety and guiding older patients through the process of ‘driving retirement.’ Attention to system-level factors such as provider roles, resources, and training can support them in this process.
Total excision of a caudal mediastinal paraoesophageal abscess in a dog
Authors: Aisa Josep , Grand Jean‐Guillaume , Atencia Sabela , Zarelli Micaela , Callanan John J 
Published: January 2015

A three‐year‐old female Irish setter dog presented with a history of shallow breathing, pyrexia and regurgitation. CT imaging revealed a 13×7×5 cm caudal mediastinal mass extending from the level of the right atrium to the diaphragm and surrounding the oesophagus. Total excision was achieved by a left sixth intercostal thoracotomy approach. Histological examination was consistent with a sterile abscess. The dog recovered uneventfully and was discharged on the third day after surgery. One year following surgery, the dog was in excellent physical condition with no evidence of recurrence of clinical signs. Total excision using a left sixth intercostal thoracotomy was a feasible and effective surgical option in this case. Benefit of total excision versus partial excision for caudal mediastinal paraoesophageal abscesses in dogs remains to be determined.
The Old Serbian Alexander Romance and the Greek Phyllada
Authors: Usakiewicz Krzysztof 
Published: January 2015

The paper includes a short introduction and four excerpts from the Old Serbian Alexander Romance translated into Polish by Maciej Falski. Tekst zawiera krótką prezentację zagadnienia filiacji Opowieści o Aleksandrze w bałkańskiej przestrzeni kulturowej oraz przekład fragmentów tzw. Serbskiej Aleksandreidy na język polski.
Critical Literacy – Open Values, Imaginary Rationalities
Authors: Hibert Mario 
Published: January 2015

Critical Literacy – Open Values, Imaginary RationalitiesThis papers aims to emphasize the importance of discussing the relationship between positivism, critical pedagogy and politics of new media production of information and knowledge, claiming that critical information divide is far more problematic than digital (divide). In other words, if standardization of information literacy competencies shows its limits for upholding unbiased authenticity and relevance then such a position also asserts a deficit in recognizing focal points needed in analysing digital epistemology of today. The latter should encompass advocacy of critical media, literacy and ethics as the core components for socially responsible production and distribution of information in the new public domain: Internet. When practices of collaborative production of knowledge or p2p – commons based production– is neither fully understood nor actualized in contemporary education then free/open distribution of (digital) commons is prevented by instrumentalized depolitization (culturalization) discourses in commodified information society. For that reason, I argue for denunciation of information literacy models through the lenses of Paolo Freire’s concept of a banking model of education, hacktivism, as well as Samek’s argument that “there is nothing more practical than learning how to build the self-confidence to weigh in with professional opinion and defend it as critique (not obstructiveness).” Krytyczne kompetencje – otwarte wartości, wyobrażona racjonalnośćArtykuł dąży do podkreślenia dyskusji o relacji między pozytywizmem, krytyczną pedagogiką i charakterystyczną dla nowych mediów polityką wytwarzania informacji i wiedzy; założenie wstępne powiada, że krytyczny tryb informacji jest dużo bardziej problematyczny niż cyfrowy. Innymi słowy, skoro standaryzacja kompetencji informatycznych ma swoje granice w zachowywaniu niezapośredniczonej autentyczności i znaczenia, takie stanowisko wywołuje problem w uznaniu zasadniczych miejsc analizy cyfrowej epistemologii współczesności. To ostatnie zjawisko powinno obejmować występowanie na rzecz krytycznych mediów, kompetencji i etyki jako kluczowych składników odpowiedzialnego społecznie wytwarzania i rozpowszechniania informacji w nowej domenie publicznej: w Internecie. Kiedy praktyki wspólnego lub p2p, opartego na uwspólnianiu, wytwarzania wiedzy nie są ani w pełni rozumiane, ani aktualizowane w nowoczesnej edukacji, wówczas wolne/otwarte rozpowszechnianie (cyfrowych) zasobów jest hamowane przez dyskursy zinstrumentalizowanej (kulturalistycznej) depolityzacji w skomodyfikowanym społeczeństwie informacyjnym. Z tego powodu opowiadam się za krytyką modeli kompetencji informacyjnych przy wykorzystaniu Paolo Freire’a koncepcji banking model edukacji i haktywizmu oraz krytycznego stanowiska wobec profesjonalnych stanowisk.
Metacognition in persons with substance abuse: Findings and implications for occupational therapists
Authors: Wasmuth Sara L. , Outcalt Jared , Buck Kelly , Leonhardt Bethany L. , Vohs Jenifer , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: January 2015

Background Addiction is a massive public health problem in which a person’s occupational life is compromised and metacognition is impaired. Occupational therapists may play a critical role in addiction rehabilitation, but more information about patterns of metacognitive deficit co-occurring with addictive behaviour is needed to develop interventions that specifically target these impairments. Purpose This study examined whether persons with addiction(s) demonstrated specific patterns of metacognitive deficit on four subscales of metacognition measuring self-reflectivity, understanding others’ thoughts, decentration, and mastery. Method Using a mixed-methods design, qualitative data were obtained via the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview, which was then rated using a quantitative scale, the Metacognition Assessment Scale–Abbreviated. Findings Persons with addiction(s) demonstrated significant impairments in metacognitive mastery but not other areas of metacognition. Implications Occupational therapy interventions for addiction should focus on improving metacognitive mastery. Future efficacy studies of interventions to improve mastery and overall outcomes are warranted.
A call for sustainable practice in occupational therapy
Authors: Dennis Carole W. , Dorsey Julie A. , Gitlow Lynn 
Published: January 2015

Background. The ability of the earth to sustain health among humans and in the natural world is under threat from overpopulation, environmental degradation, and climate change. These global threats are anticipated to harm health and human occupation in many direct and indirect ways. Strategies are needed to mitigate the effects of these threats and to build individual and community capacities to foster resilience. Purpose. This paper links issues of sustainability with occupational therapy philosophy and discusses how employing a sustainability lens with professional reasoning can help practitioners integrate sustainability into their practice. Key Issues. Human occupation is inseparable from the environments in which people live. Human occupation has caused the current environmental crisis, and targeted human action is required to safeguard future health and well-being. Implications. Occupational therapists have an ethical obligation to use professional reasoning strategies that, taken collectively, can help to build a sustainable and resilient future.
Mentalization-based therapy (MBT): an overview
Authors: Daubney Michael , Bateman Anthony 
Published: January 2015

Objective: This paper provides an overview of mentalization-based therapy (MBT). Multiple strands of research evidence converge to suggest that affect dysregulation, impulsivity and unstable interpersonal relationships are core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The MBT approach to BPD attempts to provide a theoretically consistent way of conceptualising the inter-relationship of these features. Methods: MBT makes mentalizing a core focus of therapy and was initially developed for the treatment of BPD in routine clinical services, delivered in group and individual modalities. This article provides a brief overview of mentalizing and its relevance to BPD, provides an overview of MBT and notes a number of current trends in MBT. Results: MBT provides clinicians with an empirically supported approach to BPD and its treatment. Conclusions: Whilst mentalizing is viewed as an integrative framework for therapy, more knowledge is needed as to which of the therapies are of most benefit for individual patients.
Elevated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase expression in the cervical cancer cases is associated with the cancerigenic event of high-risk human papillomaviruses
Authors: Hu Tao , Li Ya-Shan , Chen Bo , Chang Ye-Fei , Liu Guang-Cai , Hong Ying , Chen Hong-Lan , Xiyang Yan-Bin 
Published: January 2015

The most important etiologic agent in the pathogenesis of cervical cancers (CCs) is human papillomavirus (HPV), while the mechanisms underlying are still not well known. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is reported to elevate in various tumor cells. However, no available references elucidated the correlation between the levels of G6PD and HPV-infected CC until now. In the present study, we explored the possible role of G6PD in the pathology of CC induced by HPV infection. Totally 48 patients with HPV + CC and another 63 healthy women enrolled in the clinical were employed in the present study. Overall, prevalence of cervical infection with high-risk-HPV (HR-HPV) type examined was HPV-16, followed by HPV-18. The expressions of G6PD in CC samples were also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR, and Western blot. Regression analysis showed elevated G6PD level was positively correlated with the CC development in 30–40 aged patients with HR-HPV-16/18 infection. The HPV16 + Siha, HPV18 + Hela, and HPV-C33A cell lines were employed and transfected with G6PD deficient vectors developed in vitro. MTT and flow cytometry were also employed to determine the survival and apoptosis of CC cells after G6PD expressional inhibition. Our data revealed that G6PD down-regulation induced poor proliferation and more apoptosis of HPV18 + Hela cells, when compared with that of HPV16 + Siha and HPV-C33A cells. These findings suggest that G6PD expressions in the HR-HPV + human CC tissues and cell lines play an important role in tumor growth and proliferation.
Detection of parasitic particles in domestic and urban wastewaters and assessment of removal efficiency of treatment plants in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Hatam-Nahavandi Kareem , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Mohebali Mehdi , Keshavarz Hossein , Mobedi Iraj , Rezaeian Mostafa 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background
In recent years, decreasing annual rainfalls in some countries and population growth have led to a shortage of freshwater resources. Thus, recycled wastewaters has been suggested for agricultural activities. Contamination of wastewaters with pathogens is a major concern for the use of these waters. This study aimed to (i) investigate the occurrence of helminth eggs and protozoan (oo)cysts in human and livestock wastewaters, and (ii) evaluate the parasite removal efficiencies of urban and slaughterhouse treatment plants in Tehran province, Iran. One hundred and eight samples were collected from five urban and domestic wastewater treatment plants in Iran. Wastewater samples were concentrated by centrifugal-concentration and filtration methods.

Results
The quantity of helminths egg and protozoa (oo)cyst per liter of urban raw wastewater ranged from 1.2 × 101 to 2.9 × 101 and from 9.6 × 102 to 1.9 × 103, respectively. The number of eggs and (oo)cysts per liter of animal raw wastewater ranged from 1.6 × 103 to 4.9 × 103 and 3.1 × 104 to 6.0 × 104, respectively. The helminths and protozoa identified in urban treatment plants included hookworms, Hymenolepis and Rhabditis (or probably Strongyloides), Entamoeba, Isospora, Giardia, Chilomastix and Cryptosporidium, while in slaughterhouses Trichuris, Trichostrongylus, Moniezia, Dicrocoelium, Fasciola, Entamoeba, Cryptosporidium, Eimeria and Giardia were isolated. The overall removal efficiency of eggs and (oo)cysts in the treatment plants ranged from 94.8 to 95.7% and from 79.3 to 85.8%, respectively.

Conclusion
The study results revealed that the efficacy of removal of nematode eggs, and not protozoan (oo)cysts, in urban wastewater treatment plants, is in compliance with the WHO parasitological guideline (<1 nematode per liter) required for unrestricted irrigation.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces vascular leakage via autophagy
Authors: Chen Hong-Ru , Chuang Yung-Chun , Chao Chiao-Hsuan , Yeh Trai-Ming 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Vascular leakage is an important feature of acute inflammatory shock, which currently has no effective treatment. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that can induce vascular leakage and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of shock. However, the mechanism of MIF-induced vascular leakage is still unclear. In this study, using recombinant MIF (rMIF), we demonstrated that MIF induced disorganization and degradation of junction proteins and increased the permeability of human endothelial cells in vitro. Western blotting analysis showed that rMIF treatment induced LC3 conversion and p62 degradation. Inhibition of autophagy with a PI3K inhibitor (3-MA), a ROS scavenger (NAC) or autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion inhibitors (bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine) rescued rMIF-induced vascular leakage, suggesting that autophagy mediates MIF-induced vascular leakage. The potential involvement of other signaling pathways was also studied using different inhibitors, and the results suggested that MIF-induced vascular leakage may occur through the ERK pathway. In conclusion, we showed that MIF triggered autophagic degradation of endothelial cells, resulting in vascular leakage. Inhibition of MIF-induced autophagy may provide therapeutic targets against vascular leakage in inflammatory shock.