bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure during apnoea testing for the diagnosis of brain death – an observational study
Authors: Roth C. , Deinsberger W. , Kleffmann J. , Ferbert A. 
Published: May 2015

Background and purposeSome authors have suggested a rise of intracranial pressure (ICP) during apnoea testing and the possibility of harm to patients. Data, however, have yet to be obtained.MethodsBetween October 2012 and May 2014 an observational study was performed on patients who received ICP measurements and who underwent brain death diagnosis. ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate were recorded continuously from 15 min before the start of brain death diagnosis (baseline), during clinical examination including apnoea testing, until 15 min after this procedure.ResultsA total of 16 clinical examinations for brain death including apnoea testing were performed on 13 patients. All patients had primary brain lesions. Mean ICP and mean CPP during the examination were 95 ± 27.7 mmHg and 13.5 ± 20.7 mmHg, respectively. ICP and MAP showed a strong and statistically significant correlation, with Pearson's correlation coefficients of more than +0.6 or less than –0.6 in 13 of the 15 examinations.ConclusionMean ICP even before brain death determination is increased excessively. Changes of ICP during apnoea show a clear correlation to the changes of MAP. Furthermore, CPP during the condition of brain death may not equal zero but may be positive thereby indicating some minor net influx of blood into the brain in some patients.
Computed tomography and scintigraphy for evaluation of dental disease in the horse
Authors: Barakzai S. Z. , Barnett T. P. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryComputed tomography (CT) uses x‐ray beams and reconstructive computer technology to create tomographic slices (sections) of the area being imaged. Computed tomography has higher contrast resolution than conventional radiography allowing for more accurate differentiation of soft tissues and fluids. This form of 3Dimaging removes problems caused by superimposition of multiple anatomical structures, which is a major impediment when viewing radiographs of the equine head. Once the images are acquired, multi‐planar and 3Dreconstructions can be performed to view different teeth or associated structures in an optimal way. Anatomical and pathological changes in the dental tissues, periodontal tissues, alveolar bone and adjacent sinuses can then be assessed. Scintigraphy with 99mtechnetium methyl‐diphosphate (methylene‐diphosphonate) can detect changes in bone that precede radiographic changes, and this makes it a very useful imaging modality for diagnosis of early periapical infection of the equine cheek teeth. Additionally, it is invaluable for imaging suspected infections of supernumerary or dysplastic teeth where the results of radiography or evenCTmay be equivocal. Periapical infections of the cheek teeth typically result in focal and intense increased radionuclide uptake located over the apical region of the affected tooth.
High‐density genetic map of Miscanthus sinensis reveals inheritance of zebra stripe
Authors: Liu Siyao , Clark Lindsay V. , Swaminathan Kankshita , Gifford Justin M. , Juvik John A. , Sacks Erik J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMiscanthus is a perennial C4 grass that has recently become an important bioenergy crop. The efficiency of breeding improved Miscanthus biomass cultivars could be greatly increased by marker‐assisted selection. Thus, a high‐density genetic map is critical to Miscanthus improvement. In this study, a mapping population of 261 F1 progeny was developed from a cross between two diploid M. sinensis cultivars, ‘Strictus’ and ‘Kaskade’. High‐density genetic maps for the two parents were produced with 3044 newly developed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, and 138 previously mapped GoldenGate SNPs. The female parent (‘Strictus’) map spanned 1599 cM, with 1989 SNPs on 19 linkage groups, and an average intermarker spacing of 0.8 cM. The length of the male parent (‘Kaskade’) map was 1612 cM, with 1821 SNPs, and an average intermarker spacing of 0.9 cM. The utility of the map was confirmed by locating quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the zebra‐striped trait, which was segregating in this population. Three QTL for zebra‐striped presence/absence (zb1, zb2 on LG 7, and zb3 on LG 10) and three for zebra‐striped intensity (zbi1, zbi2, zbi3 on LGs 7, 10, 3) were identified. Each allele that caused striping was recessive. Incomplete penetrance was observed for each zb QTL, but penetrance was greatest when two or more zb QTL were homozygous for the causative alleles. Similarly, the intensity of striping was greatest when two or more zbi QTL were homozygous for alleles that conferred the trait. Comparative mapping indicated putative correspondence between zb3 and/or zbi2 on LG 10 to previously sequenced genes conferring zebra stripe in maize and rice. These results demonstrate that the new map is useful for identifying marker–trait associations. The mapped markers will become a valuable community resource, facilitating comparisons among studies and the breeding of Miscanthus.
Examining the Global Machine Tool Industry: Transitions or Continuity?
Authors: Kalafsky Ronald V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractExamining and comparing a country's machine tool industry often can be used to gauge its quality, productivity, and innovation in manufacturing as a whole. It can also indicate wider trends in global manufacturing. This paper, accordingly, examines changes in the global machine tool industry since 1990 in terms of several metrics, including production, industrial concentration, exports, and lastly, firm‐level leadership patterns. A broad framework entailing evolutionary economic geography, specifically, path dependence, and global production networks, informs this research. Several noteworthy patterns emerge from the data, including the sustained dominance of a select number of national machine tool industries; several former manufacturing powers in decline; and the emergence of a few national machine tool producers, notably China. The article concludes with a discussion of these changes, possible implications for manufacturing at large, and avenues for future research.
Natural history and outcomes in drug‐induced autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Yeong Tian T. , Lim Kok H. J. , Goubet Stephanie , Parnell Nick , Verma Sumita 
Published: May 2015

AimDrug‐induced autoimmune hepatitis (DIAIH) remains poorly characterized. Our aim was to assess natural history and outcomes in DIAIH.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study.ResultsEighty‐two patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) were identified, 11 (13.4%) with DIAIH, implicated drugs being nitrofurantoin (n = 4), statins (n = 4), herbal remedies (n = 2) and diclofenac (n = 1). Female sex, acute onset, elevated serum globulins/immunoglobulin G, fibrosis stage (Ishak), cirrhosis at onset, moderate–severe portal inflammation, interface and lobular hepatitis, remission, relapse and poor outcome were similar in those with DIAIH and AIH (P > 0.05). The former were however more likely to be aged 60 years or more and take longer to relapse on immunosuppression discontinuation (P = <0.05). On Kaplan–Meier analysis, probability of poor outcome was similar in those with DIAIH and AIH (log–rank test, 0.339). On comparing those with (n = 4) and without nitrofurantoin (n = 7) DIAIH, the former were older, had longer duration of drug use prior to DIAIH diagnosis, higher fibrosis stage and were less likely to relapse upon immunosuppression discontinuation.ConclusionApproximately 15% of patients with AIH have DIAIH with similar outcomes, although the latter are older with a propensity for late relapse, mandating long‐term follow up.
Characterizing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen spray
Authors: Lu P. J. , Cheng W. L. , Huang S. C. , Chen Y. P. , Chou H. K. , Cheng H. F. 
Published: May 2015

SynopsisObjectiveNumerous commercial products contain titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs); however, many of these are not labelled as containing NPs. This study sought to develop an effective means of characterizing TiO2 and ZnO NPs in sunscreen sprays, including the size, shape and composition of the particles as well as their aggregation/agglomeration characteristics.MethodsTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with a window‐type microchip K‐kit/copper grid and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the oxide NPs.ResultsTME pre‐treatment was performed using two approaches: using a conventional copper grid (requiring dilution) and using a K‐kit (not requiring dilution). The use of K‐kit in conjunction with XRD makes it possible to obtain direct measurements from samples that have not undergone pre‐treatment, which could otherwise alter the nature of the samples, such as the degree of agglomeration. XRD was used to obtain information related to particle size and crystal structure. A strong correlation was observed between XRD and TEM measurements.ConclusionThe proposed measurement methods were shown to be highly effective in the characterization of oxide NPs in sunscreen sprays, providing consistent information related to NPs and their interactions in the formulations.
A new protocol for evaluating the efficacy of some dispensing systems of a packaging in the microbial protection of water‐based preservative‐free cosmetic products
Authors: Devlieghere F. , De Loy‐Hendrickx A. , Rademaker M. , Pipelers P. , Crozier A. , De Baets B. , Joly L. , Keromen S. 
Published: May 2015

SynopsisObjectiveA new protocol is described for assessing the efficacy of the dispenser of some packaging systems (PSs) of preservative‐free cosmetic products in protecting both their contained formula and their delivered doses.MethodsPractically, aiming at mimicking contacts with a non‐sterile skin or fingers, the dispensing system is put into contact with a pre‐contaminated fabric by a standardized colonization of P. aeruginosa.ResultsWhen applied to three different types of packaging, results show clear differences in both criteria between these conditioning articles, that is variable efficacies in protecting the contained product and the delivered doses, knowing that the first aspect is of paramount importance.ConclusionThe proposed protocol is proved being able to discriminate between different PSs and provides information on strong and weak features of certain types dispensing technologies prone to efficiently decrease either the dose contamination or to prevent contamination in reaching the contained product. Therefore, the proposed protocol can contribute to an objective selection of a PS for protecting a cosmetic care product with a low content of preservative or preservative free.
Mechanical Behavior and Applications of Plasma Arc Welded Ceramics
Authors: King Derek S. , Hilmas Greg , Fahrenholtz William 
Published: May 2015

Zirconium diboride and zirconium carbide‐based ceramics were joined by plasma arc welding to demonstrate the versatility of this technique. A parent material composition consisting of ZrB2 with 20 vol% ZrC was hot pressed to near full density, sectioned to produce specimens for welding, and welded together to produce billets for mechanical property studies. The four‐point flexure strength of the parent material was ~660 MPa, while the strength of the welded specimens ranged from ~140 to ~250 MPa. Microstructural analysis revealed that decreased strength in the welded specimens was caused by volume flaws, microcracking of large ZrB2 grains (up to 1 mm in length), and residual tensile stresses that developed at the surface of weld pools during cooling. The versatility of plasma arc welding was demonstrated by joining of ZrC‐based ceramics and fabricating three ZrB2–ZrC components for potential applications, including a high‐temperature electrical contact, an ultra‐high‐temperature thermocouple, and a wedge that was a notional wing leading edge. These three applications demonstrated the ability to join ceramics to a refractory metal, fabricate a chemically inert high‐temperature thermocouple, and produce complex shapes for aerospace applications.
The effect of materialism and proximity of clothing to self on the ratio of feeling younger: implications for the consumption experiences of older people in Turkey
Authors: Dogan Volkan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article examines the effect of materialism and proximity of clothing to self (PCS) on the older adult's ratio of feeling younger (RFY). Face‐to‐face surveys were conducted with 172 Turkish men and women, aged 65 and over. The findings reveal that materialism and PCS has negative relations, materialism has positive effect on the RFY, PCS has negative effects on the RFY. The results are discussed in relation to the consumption experiences of older people, actual self‐image vs. desired self‐image and alienation of older people to their clothing. In addition, the psychometric performance of the PCS scale on older people living in Turkey along with discussion of the limitations of these data, this article addresses the implications of older consumer experiences for actual and desired self‐image.
A clinical approach to diagnose patients with localized telangiectasia
Authors: Gupta Ruchi , Gautam Ram Krishan , Bhardwaj Minakshi , Chauhan Amrita 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTelangiectasia, or dilated blood vessels, may represent a benign condition or a marker of a much more serious internal or cutaneous malignancy (e.g. mycosis fungoides). They can be generalized or localized in distribution. ‘Localized telangiectasia? can be macular or papular. Macular ones can be further divided into two major categories: primary and secondary. They can occur on their own (primary), after skin injury (e.g. sun damage, post‐radiation therapy, after prolonged topical steroid application), or may arise due to an underlying condition (secondary). While telangiectases can spring from a multitude of possible causes, the location of the lesions, in combination with a careful history and exmination, often helps in elucidating the correct diagnosis. A patient with localized telangiectasia as a manifestation of malignancy may be difficult to diagnose, however the diagnosis is one of exclusion, and a thorough evaluation should be performed before diagnosing this condition. This article reviews possible conditions to consider in these patients and suggests an approach to their evaluation.
Ultrastructure of the rotifer integument: peculiarities of Sinantherina socialis (Monogononta: Gnesiotrocha)
Authors: Hochberg Rick , Hochberg Adele , Chan Courtney 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe rotifer integument is a well‐described syncytium that contains an apical intracytoplasmic lamina (ICL) that functions for both skeletal support and muscle insertion. To date, there is limited information on the structure of the integument in species of Gnesiotrocha, a diverse subclade of Monogononta that consists of solitary, colonial, sessile, and planktonic species. In this study, we examined the ultrastructure of the integument in the colonial rotifer Sinantherina socialis to determine how it corresponds to that of other monogononts. The integument of S. socialis was broadly similar to that of other rotifers, consisting of a thickened glycocalyx, multilaminate ICL, and syncytial epidermis. However, it was different in several regards. The ICL consisted of three distinct layers from apical to basal: layer 1 consisted of at least two electron‐dense laminae; layer 2 was a thickened matrix of amorphous, electron‐dense material or was fibrous; and layer 3 was an electron‐dense lamina of varying thickness that covered the underlying syncytium. Significantly, layers 1 and 2 formed a ridge‐and‐groove like system of finger‐like projections across the trunk surface that has not been observed in other rotifers. A voluminous syncytial cytoplasm (up to 3 μm thick) was present beneath the ICL and was mostly electron lucent and with few organelles. Bundles of potential microtubules were scattered throughout the syncytium. We hypothesize that the voluminous cytoplasm with microtubules serves as skeletal support for the rotifer's sessile lifestyle, while the external ridges may function as a texture‐based deterrent to predators, or serves to trap secretions from the species' defensive glands. Basally, the epidermis was highly folded and bordered by a thin basal lamina that separated the plasmalemma from the blastocoel. Membrane‐bound vesicles were present throughout the integument's cytoplasm and are hypothesized to function in the secretion of extracellular matrix and in the maintenance of the ICL.
Experimental Investigation of Electric Contact Resistance in Spark Plasma Sintering Tooling Setup
Authors: Wei Xialu , Giuntini Diletta , Maximenko Andrey L. , Haines Christopher D. , Olevsky Eugene A. 
Published: May 2015

An experimental investigation on electric contact resistance in the tooling utilized in spark plasma sintering (SPS) is conducted. Two different SPS regimes are operated without the presence of processed powder to obtain the punch–punch (horizontal) and punch–die (vertical) contact resistance assessments separately. The processing temperature and applied pressure are considered to be the main factors that affect the contact resistance. These effects are analyzed by performing experiments at a maximum temperature of 1600°C with constant heating rate of 100°C/min. The applied pressure is ranging from 20 to 60 MPa and a 1 min holding time‐step is used to ensure stable measurements. It is shown that the contact resistance goes down as the temperature ramps up. An increase in the pressure leads to a decrease in the contact resistance. The mechanisms that cause these variations in the contact resistance are discussed. The dependence of assessed contact resistance of the utilized SPS system on the processing temperature and applied pressure is analytically described based on the regression analysis of the collected experimental data. A finite‐element simulation based on the obtained experimental results evidences that the electric contact resistance dominates the temperature evolution. The obtained results are of significant importance for modeling and optimization of SPS processes.
Validation of Hospitalization Impact Scale among families with children hospitalized for cancer treatment
Authors: Lyu Qi‐Yuan , Kong Sarah Kit Fong , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , You Li‐Ming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo make further modifications to and validate the psychometric properties of the Hospitalization Impact Scale.BackgroundA child's repeated and prolonged hospitalization for cancer treatment can result in great changes for the entire family. A hospitalization‐specific screening tool is needed to help clinical nurses identify families who are experiencing major impacts during their child's hospitalization.DesignA cross‐sectional study was employed to examine the psychometric properties of the Hospitalization Impact Scale.MethodThe sample consisted of 253 families with children hospitalized for cancer treatment in four paediatric oncology departments in four hospitals in mainland China from September 2013 – March 2014. Parents completed the 36‐item Hospitalization Impact Scale, demographic measures and the Family Impact Module of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Reliability, construct validity, known‐group validity and concurrent validity were examined.ResultThe revised Hospitalization Impact Scale included six factors containing 34 items. It demonstrated sound concurrent validity with the Family Impact Module of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and excellent internal consistency.ConclusionThe revised Hospitalization Impact Scale met the standard psychometric criteria for reliability and validity. Thus, it could be applied in paediatric oncology departments to help nurses assess and identify families experiencing major impacts during a child's hospitalization for cancer treatment.
MicroRNA‐132/212 family enhances arteriogenesis after hindlimb ischaemia through modulation of the Ras‐MAPK pathway
Authors: Lei Zhiyong , van Mil Alain , Brandt Maarten M. , Grundmann Sebastian , Hoefer Imo , Smits Michiel , el Azzouzi Hamid , Fukao Taro , Cheng Caroline , Doevendans Pieter A. , Sluijter Joost P.G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractArteriogenesis is a complicated process induced by increased local shear‐and radial wall‐stress, leading to an increase in arterial diameter. This process is enhanced by growth factors secreted by both inflammatory and endothelial cells in response to physical stress. Although therapeutic promotion of arteriogenesis is of great interest for ischaemic diseases, little is known about the modulation of the signalling cascades via microRNAs. We observed that miR‐132/212 expression was significantly upregulated after occlusion of the femoral artery. miR‐132/212 knockout (KO) mice display a slower perfusion recovery after hind‐limb ischaemia compared to wildtype (WT) mice. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrates a clear trend towards smaller collateral arteries in KO mice. Although Ex vivo aortic ring assays score similar number of branches in miR‐132/212 KO mice compared to WT, it can be stimulated with exogenous miR‐132, a dominant member of the miR‐132/212 family. Moreover, in in vitro pericyte‐endothelial co‐culture cell assays, overexpression of miR‐132 and mir‐212 in endothelial cells results in enhanced vascularization, as shown by an increase in tubular structures and junctions. Our results suggested that miR‐132/212 may exert their effects by enhancing the Ras‐Mitogen‐activated protein kinases MAPK signalling pathway through direct inhibition of Rasa1, and Spred1. The miR‐132/212 cluster promotes arteriogenesis by modulating Ras‐MAPK signalling via direct targeting of its inhibitors Rasa1 and Spred1.
Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Gelatin–Alginate Film Containing Oregano Essential Oil for Fish Preservation
Authors: Kazemi Seyede Marzieh , Rezaei Masoud 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of gelatin–alginate film containing 1.5% oregano essential oil (OEO) on the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) slices during refrigerated storage over a period of 15 days. The blend film was prepared at 75% fish gelatin to 25% sodium alginate ratio and OEO was added to the film formulation. All the treatments (the control and wrapped slices) were analyzed periodically in terms of microbiological factors (total viable count, psychrotrophic count and spoilage microorganism, such as lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae). In addition, the samples were analyzed in terms of total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N) and pH. Use of the OEO–blend film delayed bacterial growth throughout 15 days of storage compared with the control and slices treated with blend films without OEO (P < 0.05). The lowest TVB‐N and pH levels were 59.98 and 6.75, respectively, in OEO film at the end of the storage. Therefore, this study showed that OEO–blend film was an effective antimicrobial suitable for the potential food packaging applications.Practical ApplicationsDevelopment of edible films incorporated with essential oils is an attractive option for improving packaging food. In this study, the effect of gelatin–alginate edible film containing oregano essential oil (OEO) on spoilage bacteria was investigated. Strong antimicrobial effect of OEO and restricted access of oxygen by films make gelatin–alginate film incorporated with OEO suitable for fish packaging.