bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Healthcare Challenges for Older Punjabi-Speaking Immigrants
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. , Wong Sabrina T. , Smith André , Beattie B. Lynn , Brondani Mario , Bryant S. Ross , Graf Peter , Soheilipour Shimae 
Published: May 2014

RÉSUMÉCette étude a exploré comment les immigrants âgés d’origine sud-asiatique, parlant le pendjabi (quatre groupes de discussion; 33 participants) de Surrey en Colombie-Britannique, perçoivent leur santé buccale et les problèmes connexes. L’analyse a relevé deux thèmes généraux: les interprétations de la condition bucco-dentaire et les défis de santé bucco-dentaire. Le thème des interprétations avait quatre sous-thèmes: les dommages causés par lewai, les perturbations causé par la carie, l’adaptation aux prothèses dentaires, et qualité de vie; alors que le thème des défis considérés: remèdes à domicile, dentisterie occidentale; et difficultés d’accès aux dentistes. Les participants ont expliqué les maladies bucco-dentaires en termes d’une infection systémique (resha) et ont dit préféré les remèdes faits maison pour diminuer les écarts de chaleur (wai) dans la bouche. Nous concluons que les immigrants âgés d’origine sud-asiatique parlant le pendjabi interprète la santé et les maladies bucco-dentaires dans un contexte mixte de traditions occidentales et Ayurvédique, et gèrent leur santé buccale au moyen de remèdes traditionnels faits maison, complémentés au besoin par des soins d’urgence dispensés au Canada.
La notion d’oubli associée aux questions: étude de ‘déjà’ mémoriel
Authors: APOTHÉLOZ DENIS 
Published: May 2014

RÉSUMÉCet article étudie un emploi de l’adverbedéjàqu’on rencontre exclusivement dans les questions. Cet emploi peut être illustré par l’exemple prototypique:Quel est son nom, déjà?Deux problèmes sont abordés: d’une part, le rapport complexe que cet emploi mémoriel dedéjàentretient avec les questions; d’autre part, les conséquences socio-interactionnelles que produit l’indication d’oubli à laquelle il est associé. On montre notamment que les questions marquées ainsi portent prioritairement sur l’oubli de formes linguistiques (noms propres et expressions). On formule par ailleurs une hypothèse rendant compte du fait quedéjàmémoriel marque une forte prédilection pour les questions ouvertes (partielles), au détriment des questions fermées (totales). L’article aborde également les rendements socio-interactionnels de cet adverbe et distingue trois circonstances d’emploi. Cette distinction est fondée sur les présomptions habituellement associées aux questions, en particulier celles commentées pardéjàmémoriel.
Toward Single Mode, Atomic Size Electron Vortex Beams
Authors: Krivanek Ondrej L. , Rusz Jan , Idrobo Juan-Carlos , Lovejoy Tracy J. , Dellby Niklas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe propose a practical method of producing a single mode electron vortex beam suitable for use in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The method involves using a holographic “fork” aperture to produce a row of beams of different orbital angular momenta, as is now well established, magnifying the row so that neighboring beams are separated by about 1 µm, selecting the desired beam with a narrow slit, and demagnifying the selected beam down to 1–2 Å in size. We show that the method can be implemented by adding two condenser lenses plus a selection slit to a straight-column cold-field emission STEM. It can also be carried out in an existing instrument, the monochromated Nion high-energy-resolution monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy-STEM, by using its monochromator in a novel way. We estimate that atom-sized vortex beams with ≥20 pA of current should be attainable at 100–200 keV in either instrument.
Medical ethics in peacetime and wartime: the case for a better understanding
Authors: Nathanson Vivienne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHealth-care workers face ethical dilemmas in their decision-making in every clinical intervention they make. In times of armed conflict the decisions may be different, and the circumstances can combine to raise ethical tensions. This article looks at the tensions in peacetime and in times of armed conflict and examines the types of cases that doctors and other health-care workers will face. It also discusses the common ethical decision-making framework and the role of communication within both clinical care and ethical analysis.
A Review of Mixed‐Effects Models of Tumor Growth and Effects of Anticancer Drug Treatment Used in Population Analysis
Authors: Ribba B , Holford NH , Magni P , Trocóniz I , Gueorguieva I , Girard P , Sarr C , Elishmereni M , Kloft C , Friberg LE 
Published: May 2014

Population modeling of tumor size dynamics has recently emerged as an important tool in pharmacometric research. A series of new mixed‐effects models have been reported recently, and we present herein a synthetic view of models with published mathematical equations aimed at describing the dynamics of tumor size in cancer patients following anticancer drug treatment. This selection of models will constitute the basis for the Drug Disease Model Resources (DDMoRe) repository for models on oncology.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2014) 3, e113; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.12; advance online publication 7 May 2014
Mouse model for deficiency of methionine synthase reductase exhibits short-term memory impairment and disturbances in brain choline metabolism
Authors: Jadavji Nafisa M. , Bahous Renata H. , Deng Liyuan , Malysheva Olga , Grand’maison Marilyn , Bedell Barry J. , Caudill Marie A. , Rozen Rima 
Published: May 2014

Hyperhomocysteinaemia can contribute to cognitive impairment and brain atrophy. MTRR (methionine synthase reductase) activates methionine synthase, which catalyses homocysteine remethylation to methionine. Severe MTRR deficiency results in homocystinuria with cognitive and motor impairments. An MTRR polymorphism may influence homocysteine levels and reproductive outcomes. The goal of the present study was to determine whether mild hyperhomocysteinaemia affects neurological function in a mouse model with Mtrr deficiency. Mtrr+/+, Mtrr+/gt and Mtrrgt/gt mice (3 months old) were assessed for short-term memory, brain volumes and hippocampal morphology. We also measured DNA methylation, apoptosis, neurogenesis, choline metabolites and expression of ChAT (choline acetyltransferase) and AChE (acetylcholinesterase) in the hippocampus. Mtrrgt/gt mice exhibited short-term memory impairment on two tasks. They had global DNA hypomethylation and decreased choline, betaine and acetylcholine levels. Expression of ChAT and AChE was increased and decreased respectively. At 3 weeks of age, they showed increased neurogenesis. In the cerebellum, mutant mice had DNA hypomethylation, decreased choline and increased expression of ChAT. Our work demonstrates that mild hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with memory impairment. We propose a mechanism whereby a deficiency in methionine synthesis leads to hypomethylation and compensatory disturbances in choline metabolism in the hippocampus. This disturbance affects the levels of acetylcholine, a critical neurotransmitter in learning and memory.
Selective Endothelin‐A Receptor Blockade Attenuates Endotoxin‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary vascular dysfunction
Authors: Toney Brent M. , Fisher Amanda J. , Albrecht Marjorie , Lockett Angelia D. , Presson Robert G. , Petrache Irina , Lahm Tim 
Published: May 2014

Endothelin‐1 is a potent mediator of sepsis‐induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). The pulmonary vascular effects of selective blockade of endothelin receptor subtype A (ETAR) during endotoxemia remain unknown. We hypothesized that selective ETAR antagonism attenuates endotoxin‐induced PH and improves pulmonary artery (PA) vasoreactivity. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats (250–450 g) received lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Salmonella typhimurium; 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle 6 hours before hemodynamic assessment and tissue harvest. The selective ETAR antagonist sitaxsentan (10 or 20 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intravenously 3 hours after receipt of LPS. Right ventricular systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), oxygenation (P/F ratio), and serum bicarbonate were measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell differential and lung wet‐to‐dry ratios were obtained. Endothelium‐dependent and endothelium‐independent vasorelaxations were determined in isolated PA rings. PA interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured. LPS caused PH, decreased MAP, CO, and serum bicarbonate, and increased PA IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and iNOS mRNA. Sitaxsentan attenuated sepsis‐induced PH and increased MAP. The P/F ratio, CO, serum bicarbonate, and BAL neutrophilia were not affected by sitaxsentan. In isolated PA rings, while not affecting phenylephrine‐induced vasocontraction or endothelium‐dependent relaxation, sitaxsentan dose‐dependently attenuated LPS‐induced alterations in endothelium‐independent relaxation. PA cytokine mRNA levels were not significantly attenuated by ETAR blockade. We conclude that ETAR blockade attenuates endotoxin‐induced alterations in systemic and PA pressures without negatively affecting oxygenation. This protective effect appears to be mediated not by attenuation of sepsis‐induced cardiac dysfunction, acidosis, or alveolar inflammation but rather by improved endothelium‐independent vasorelaxation.
On-Site Availability of Legionella Testing in Acute Care Hospitals, United States
Authors: Garrison Laurel E. , Shaw Kristin M. S. , McCollum Jeffrey T. , Dexter Carol , Vagnone Paula M. Snippes , Thompson Jamie H. , Giambrone Gregory , White Benjamin , Thomas Stepy , Carpenter L. Rand , Nichols Megin , Parker Erin , Petit Susan , Hicks Lauri A. , Langley Gayle E. 
Published: May 2014

We surveyed 399 US acute care hospitals regarding availability of on-site Legionella testing; 300 (75.2%) did not offer Legionella testing on site. Availability varied according to hospital size and geographic location. On-site access to testing may improve detection of Legionnaires disease and inform patient management and prevention efforts.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(7):898–900
The association between cognitive functioning and health-related quality of life in low-grade glioma patients
Authors: Boele Florien W. , Zant Maaike , Heine Emma C.E. , Aaronson Neil K. , Taphoorn Martin J.B. , Reijneveld Jaap C. , Postma Tjeerd J. , Heimans Jan J. , Klein Martin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Glioma patients are not only confronted with the diagnosis and treatment of a brain tumor, but also with changes in cognitive and neurological functioning that can profoundly affect their daily lives. At present, little is known about the relationship between cognitive functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during the disease trajectory. We studied this association in low-grade glioma (LGG) patients with stable disease at an average of 6 years after diagnosis.

Methods
Patients and healthy controls underwent neuropsychological testing and completed self-report measures of generic (MOS SF36) and disease-specific (EORTC BN20) HRQOL. Associations were determined with Pearson correlations, and corrections for multiple testing were made.

Results
We analyzed data gathered from 190 LGG patients. Performance in all cognitive domains was positively associated with physical health (SF36 Physical Component Summary). Executive functioning, processing speed, working memory, and information processing were positively associated with mental health (SF36 Mental Component Summary). We found negative associations between a wide range of cognitive domains and disease-specific HRQOL scales.

Conclusions
In stable LGG patients, poorer cognitive functioning is related to lower generic and disease-specific HRQOL. This confirms that cognitive assessment of LGG patients should not be done in isolation from assessment of its impact on HRQOL, both in clinical and in research settings.
Relationship Between Hepatitis C Clinical Testing Site and Linkage to Care
Authors: Assoumou Sabrina A. , Huang Wei , Horsburgh C. Robert , Drainoni Mari-Lynn , Linas Benjamin P. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background.  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends one-time hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing of the population born between 1945 and 1965 with follow-up RNA testing for those with reactive serology. To increase the rate of diagnosis, testing may be considered in settings other than outpatient clinics (OC), such as inpatient wards (IP) or emergency department (ED).
Methods.  We used electronic medical records to create a retrospective cohort with reactive HCV serology between 2005 and 2010 at an urban safety net hospital. We determined factors associated with linkage to HCV care as measured by HCV RNA testing, and we evaluated the rate of linkage to care according to diagnosis location (OC, IP, or ED).
Results.  Individuals, 37 828, were tested and 5885 (16%) were reactive. Seropositivity was similar across all sites. Of the 4466 patients who met inclusion criteria, 3400 (76%) were diagnosed in the OC, whereas 967 (22%) and 99 (2%) were tested in the IP and the ED, respectively. A total of 2135 (48%) underwent HCV RNA testing. Using multivariable regression modeling, the following factors were independently associated with HCV RNA testing: diagnosis in the OC (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–1.90); age at diagnosis in decades (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98–0.99); private insurance (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01–1.34); and ≥10 visits after diagnosis (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.89–2.44).
Conclusion.  There is an opportunity to increase HCV diagnosis by testing in sites other than the OC, but this opportunity needs to be coupled with robust initiatives to improve linkage to care.
Observation and Measurement of Residual Bran on Milled Rice Using Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Chen Wei‐Tung , Kuo Yan‐Fu 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTResidual bran on milled rice is directly related to its quality. This study proposes a method to measure the residual bran patterns on a single rice grain by using hyperspectral imaging (HSI). HSI is a sensing technique that combines both spatial and spectral information and may be used for chemical compound identification and quantification. In this study, HSI was applied to assess rice bran residue nondestructively. In the experiment, rice samples were milled and scanned with an HSI system. Afterward, the rice samples were dyed to enable the residual bran to be identified with optical microscopy and image processing algorithms. Classifiers were then developed to predict the rice bran residue by using the HSI measurements as inputs. The predicted images were compared with the micrograph images for classifier performance evaluation. The proposed approach can estimate the residual bran distribution on milled rice surface with an accuracy of 93.5%.
First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe betae on Swiss Chard in China
Authors: Zhang Y. , Zhang F. L. , Cao P. , Liu Y. , Liu K. , Xu K. D. , Liu K. , Zhang J. , Tan G. X. , Li C. W. 
Published: May 2014

Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla) is a widely planted vegetable in China. From May to June 2013, an outbreak of powdery mildew on Swiss chard cultivar Fangzheng was observed in the commercial fields in Zhoukou city of Henan Province, located in central China. More than 80% of the plants exhibited symptoms of the disease. At the beginning of infection, circular, white, dust-like colonies of powdery mildew occurred mainly on adaxial surfaces of leaves. As the disease progressed, white mycelia covered the foliar parts of plant. No cleistothecia were found on or in collected samples. Upon microscopic evaluation, conidiophores were unbranched with the length of 63 to 126 and width of 7 to 10 μm (n = 50), produced conidia singly, and composed of a cylindrical foot cell followed by one to three short cells. Conidia were colorless, hyaline, ovoid, measured 29 to 40 × 12 to 18 μm (n = 100), lacked fibrosin bodies, and produced germ tubes on the ends of the conidia. The fungus was identified as Erysiphe betae according to the morphological features (1). To verify the identity, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified with the universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2) and sequenced. The ITS sequence obtained was assigned as Accession No. KF268348 in GenBank, which showed 100% homogeneity with two ITS sequences of E. betae isolates from UK (DQ164432 and DQ164436). Koch's postulates were conducted by inoculating 15 healthy 5-week-old plants (cv. Fangzheng) with detached infected leaves, which grew in a growth chamber under 22/16°C (day/night), 50% relative humidity, 120 μmol/m2/s light and a 16-h photoperiod. Fifteen non-inoculated plants grew in another growth chamber with the same conditions as control. Symptoms consistent with the infected field plants were observed on the inoculated plants, while no symptoms were found on the control plants. Microscopic observation revealed that the pathogen growing on the inoculated plants was consistent with the morphology of the original fungus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. betae infection on Swiss chard in China (3). References: (1) S. Francis. Mol. Plant Pathol. 3:119, 2002. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (3) R. Y. Zheng et al. Page 63 in: Flora Fungorum Sinicorum, Vol. 1, Erysiphales. Science Press, Beijing, 1987.
First Report of Ageratum enation virus, Betasatellite and Alphasatellite Causing Leaf Curl and Enation Disease of Amaranthus hypochondriacus in India
Authors: Srivastava A. , Kumar S. , Raj S. K. 
Published: May 2014

During a survey in February 2011, severe symptoms of upward leaf curling, vein enation on lower side of the leaves, and shortening of internodes were observed on 20 out of 117 Amaranthus hypochondriacus plants (17% disease incidence) examined at breeding plots of CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow. These symptoms are typical of begomovirus infection. PCR with begomovirus-specific primers (3) produced the expected ~1.1-kb product from DNA extracts of 20 symptomatic plants but not from a non-symptomatic plant, suggesting the association of a begomovirus. The full-length begomoviral genome from a representative sample was amplified by rolling circle amplification using Ø-29 DNA polymerase and digested by BamHI, which resulted in a ~2.7 kb product when electrophoresed in 1.0% agarose gel. The product obtained was cloned, sequenced, and sequence data of 2,753 nucleotides was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JF682242). BLASTn analysis revealed 97 to 98% nucleotide identity and forms a distinct clade with Ageratum enation virus (AEV) isolates. This shows the virus in A. hypochondriacus to be an isolate of AEV. The separate PCRs were also performed with betasatellite and alphasatellite specific primers (1,2) that resulted in ~1.3-kb amplicons from all samples, suggesting their association. The amplification products were cloned and sequenced. An analysis of betasatellite (JX512904) revealed highest 98% nucleotide identity and close phylogenetic relationship with Ageratum leaf curl betasatellite (ALCB, JQ710745). The alphasatellite (JX512905) showed highest 95% identity and close relationship with Hibiscus leaf curl alphasatellite (HLCA, FN794199). This shows the betasatellite and alphasatellite in A. hypochondriacus to be isolates of ALCB and HLCA, respectively. The partial direct repeat clones of the begomovirus (pCAM-AEV), betasatellite (pCAM-ALCB), alphasatellite (pCAM-HLCA) were generated and mobilized into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 and infiltrated in A. hypochondriacus seedlings. The plants inoculated with pCAM-AEV, pCAM-ALCB, and pCAM-HLCA; pCAM-AEV and pCAM-ALCB developed severe leaf curl and enation symptoms on 5/5 plant at 35 days post inoculation, which were similar to those of naturally infected plants, satisfying Koch's postulates. On the other hand, plants inoculated with pCAM-AEV alone or in combination with pCAM-HLCA developed mild symptoms. Plants inoculated with pCAM-ALCB and pCAM-HLCA did not develop symptoms. The results here show that leaf curl and enation disease of A. hypochondriacus in India is caused by AEV and ALCB and that an alphasatellite may be associated with symptomatic plants. References: (1) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 20:315, 2002. (2) S. E. Bull et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 23:83, 2003. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.
Three cases of reconstruction with a simply designed bilobed flap after excision of squamous cell carcinomas of the lateral eyebrow areas
Authors: Hikage Satoko , Ono Ichiro , Yamashita Toshiharu , Kimura Tetsunori 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma is frequently observed on the lateral eyebrow, one of the most difficult sites for one‐stage reconstruction because of its location close to the eyelids. The reconstruction of defects by the single‐stage flap is advantageous for elderly patients because of its good functional and aesthetic outcome. We surgically treated three cases of squamous cell carcinoma on this area and performed reconstruction with a simply designed bilobed flap, all of which resulted in favorable outcomes. We therefore report on the usefulness of this reconstructive method for the lateral eyebrow defects.
Growth trajectory influences temperature preference in fish through an effect on metabolic rate
Authors: Killen Shaun S. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Most animals experience temperature variations as they move through the environment. For ectotherms, in particular, temperature has a strong influence on habitat choice. While well studied at the species level, less is known about factors affecting the preferred temperature of individuals; especially lacking is information on how physiological traits are linked to thermal preference and whether such relationships are affected by factors such feeding history and growth trajectory.

This study examined these issues in the common minnow Phoxinus phoxinus, to determine the extent to which feeding history, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and aerobic scope (AS), interact to affect temperature preference.

Individuals were either: 1) food deprived (FD) for 21 days, then fed ad libitum for the next 74 days; or 2) fed ad libitum throughout the entire period. All animals were then allowed to select preferred temperatures using a shuttle‐box, and then measured for SMR and AS at 10 °C, estimated by rates of oxygen uptake. Activity within the shuttle‐box under a constant temperature regime was also measured.

In both FD and control fish, SMR was negatively correlated with preferred temperature. The SMR of the FD fish was increased compared with the controls, probably due to the effects of compensatory growth, and so these growth‐compensated fish preferred temperatures that were on average 2·85 °C cooler than controls fed a maintenance ration throughout the study. Fish experiencing compensatory growth also displayed a large reduction in activity. In growth‐compensated fish and controls, activity measured at 10 °C was positively correlated with preferred temperature.

Individual fish prefer temperatures that vary predictably with SMR and activity level, which are both plastic in response to feeding history and growth trajectories. Cooler temperatures probably allow individuals to reduce maintenance costs and divert more energy towards growth. A reduction in SMR at cooler temperatures, coupled with a decrease in spontaneous activity, could also allow individuals to increase surplus AS for coping with environmental stressors. In warming climates, however, aquatic ectotherms could experience frequent fluctuations in food supply with long‐lasting effects on metabolic rate due to compensatory growth, while simultaneously having limited access to preferred cooler habitats.