bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal Hernia Post-Single Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: Case Series with Review of Literature
Authors: Abualsel Abdulmenem , Nadeem Raja , AL-Ahmed Fatema Abdulkarim , Almahmeed Ebrahim Adel , Varkey Roshan George , Almobarak Sameer , Wani Ajaz A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObesity is an emerging worldwide health care issue. It has a direct and indirect bearing on health-related outcomes. Rates of overweight and obesity have grown manifold in the past few decades globally. Once considered a problem of the affluent societies only, obesity is now dramatically on the rise in low- and middle-income countries also. Single anastomosis gastric bypass (SAGB) is one of the combined bariatric procedures adopted for weight loss in patients failing maximal medical therapy. Internal hernia (IH) after SAGB is a less recognized clinical entity. We hereby report our experience with four such cases under light of current available literature. Bariatric procedures are associated with some short- and long-term limitations. IHs are among one of the dreaded complications associated with some bariatric procedures with rates reaching up to 16% after classic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The incidence of IH post-SAGB is comparatively rare and is very less frequently reported. Symptoms of IH post-SAGB are quite nonspecific and depend on the time and extent of herniation. The symptoms can vary from benign intermittent colicky pain to severe intra-abdominal pain presenting as a surgical emergency. Routine physical examination and biochemical investigations are nonspecific and unreliable in evaluating those patients. Computed tomography (CT) with intravenous and oral contrast is the most common imaging modality used for preoperative evaluation of those symptoms. The CT findings can be unremarkable in patients having intermittent symptoms/herniation. Diagnostic laparoscopy is the cornerstone for diagnosis and management of patients having high suspicion of IH.
Demonstration of Resolution of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Over a Short Course of Antibiotics on [18F]FDG-PET/CT Undertaken for Suspected Perimyocarditis Evaluation
Authors: Baberwal Parth , Sonavane Sunita N. , Basu Sandip 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 28-year-old male presenting with left-sided pleuritic chest pain, cough, palpitation, and fever with mild ST depression in II, III, and aVF, raised troponin I, troponin T, creatine phosphokinase-MB, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was referred for F-18 2-fluoro 2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography with noncontrast computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) to rule out perimyocarditis. The first scan revealed incidental finding of [18F]FDG avid left lobar pneumonia and inadequate myocardial suppression, thus perimyocarditis could not be ruled out. The clinician was informed and after counseling, patient consented for a repeat study post-high fat-low carbohydrate diet. A regional [18F]FDG-PET/CT on the 5th day revealed adequate myocardial suppression, ruling out perimyocarditis. However, the metabolic and anatomical resolution of previously noted left lobar pneumonia was also observed in such a span of time with the administered antibiotics.
Ageing with chronic conditions and older persons’ experience of social connections: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Thompson Cristina , Halcomb Elizabeth , Masso Malcolm , Montgomery Amy 
Published: July 2024

Background Chronic conditions may limit older peoples’ social engagement and wellbeing. Reduced social connections can result in loneliness and social isolation. This study aimed to explore the experience of social connection in older people living with chronic conditions, and the factors influencing their social participation. Methods A purposive sample of 19 community-dwelling older Australians (mean age 75.5 years) with one or more chronic conditions participated in a qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews explored participants’ perceptions of their social connections and the potential impact of their chronic conditions. Views about the role of general practice in supporting older persons’ wellbeing were discussed. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. Results Five themes were identified: (1) the experience of loneliness, (2) managing diminishing social contacts, (3) living with chronic conditions, (4) barriers to social connection, and (5) facilitators of social connection. Participants felt that ageing with chronic conditions contributed to loss of function and independence, which limited social connections, and increased loneliness and social isolation. Barriers to social connections included issues with mobility, transport and forming new networks. Families were a primary support, with continued community engagement and general practice support crucial to staying well and socially connected. Conclusions Understanding older peoples’ experiences, and the barriers and facilitators of social connections can guide clinicians’ interventions. General practice is a promising intervention point because of its high use by those with chronic conditions to stay well. General practice nurses are well-placed to collaboratively address the barriers older people face in maintaining social connections.
Deep soil organic carbon: A review
Authors: Dubeux, José C.B. , Lira Junior Mário de A. , Simili Flávia F. , Bretas Igor L. , Trumpp Kevin R. , Bizzuti Beatriz E. , Garcia Liza , Oduor Kenneth T. , Queiroz Luana M.D. , Acuña Javier P. , Mendes Cristian T.E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration promotes several ecological, economic, and social co-benefits. However, most SOC studies rely on topsoil evaluations (0–30 cm), disregarding a significant fraction of the SOC that is stored in deep layers. Understanding the relationship between deep soil carbon and climate change is imperative in guiding sustainable land management practices, informing climate change mitigation strategies, and preserving the crucial role of deep soil carbon in regulating atmospheric CO
2
levels. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to discuss the origins of deep soil carbon, the globally standardized methodology recommended for measuring SOC stocks, the mechanisms controlling SOC sequestration (physical, chemical, and biochemical) in deep layers, the significance of microbial community in deep soil layers, advancements in radiocarbon studies, the impact of management practices on deep SOC, and the influence of climate change on deep SOC stocks. Overall, more empirical data and long-term studies are needed to address the knowledge gaps in terms of deep SOC and advance our understanding of the role of deep soil carbon in shaping global carbon cycles and climate resilience. The main challenges for accurate SOC estimations and global carbon budgets are the high spatial variability, the relative lack of deep soil measurements, and the need for reliable reference data for modeling improvements. A practical and accurate soil bulk density (BD) estimation in deep layers (i.e., 30–100 cm) is crucial to improve the accuracy of global C stock estimations and should be addressed in further studies. Modeling approaches based on sensors and machine learning techniques are promising tools to overcome this challenge. However, there is still a large variability in methods to measure and report soil BD and SOC stocks worldwide, preventing further advances.
Constraints on extra dimensions theories from gravitational quantum barrier experiments
Authors: Rocha J M , Dahia F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We discuss the quantum-bouncer experiment involving ultracold neutrons in a braneworld scenario. Extra-dimensional theories typically predict the strengthening of gravitational interactions over short distances. In this paper, we specifically study the anomalous gravitational interaction between the bouncing neutron and the reflecting mirror, resulting from hidden dimensions, and investigate the effects of this new interaction on the outcome of the quantum-bouncer experiment in the context of a thick brane model. This analysis allows us to identify which physical quantity of the extra-dimensional theory this neutron experiment is capable of constraining. Based on the experimental data, we found a new and independent empirical bound on the free parameters of the model: the higher-dimensional gravitational constant and a parameter related to a transverse width of the confined matter inside the thickbrane. This new bound is valid in scenarios with an arbitrary number of extra dimensions greater than two. In this manner, by considering the thickness of the brane, we have been able to extend previous studies on this topic, which were limited to models with few codimensions, due to non-computability problems of power-law corrections of the gravitational potential.
Depth-resolved imaging through dynamic scattering media via speckle cross-correlation under near-infrared illumination
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhou Meiling , Zhang Yang , Li Runze , Peng Tong , Zhou Yuan , Min Junwei , Yao Cuiping , Yao Baoli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Speckle cross-correlation imaging (SCCI) method has the depth-resolved capability, benefiting from the introduction of a reference point. However, the quality of the reconstructed image is degraded due to the background noise, which becomes more prominent when imaging through dynamic scattering media. Here, we propose a composite-differential filter-assisted (CDF-SCCI) method, allowing for effectively reducing the background noise of the reconstructed image. The signal-to-background ratios of the reconstructed images by employing the CDF-SCCI method can be enhanced by a maximum of 4.15 dB (corresponding to 2.6 times) compared to the SCCI method. Furthermore, we apply the near-infrared (NIR) illumination to the imaging system of dynamic scattering media and prove that the NIR illumination not only enhances the penetration depth of imaging, but also improves the quality of reconstructed images compared to the visible illumination. The depth-resolved imaging through various dynamic biological scattering media, including the milk and anticoagulated pig blood, further demonstrates the potential application of the proposed CDF-SCCI method in biomedical imaging.
Modulating vacancies of graphene supported FeNi2S4 electrocatalysts by radio-frequency plasma for overall water splitting
Authors: He Wenkai , Wu Shilin , Zhang Zhaotian , Yang Qing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electrolysis of water for producing hydrogen is an effective and sustainable technique to meet the continuously increasing energy demand. Nevertheless, its advancement is impeded by the inadequate catalytic efficacy for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Vacancy defect engineering is a rational approach to simultaneously enhance the catalytic performance for both the half-reactions. However, controlling the vacancy defects is quite challenging. Here, we have employed a radio-frequency Ar plasma-assisted treatment strategy to prepare highly efficient graphene-supported FeNi2S4 bifunctional catalysts with abundant vacancies. The plasma treatment induces the formation of vacancy structures in the catalyst, modifying the free energy of reaction intermediates, surface morphology, and electronic structure as well as reducing the reaction barriers, thereby enhancing the catalytic performance. The optimized graphene-supported FeNi2S4 catalyst possesses abundant sulfur vacancies, demonstrating excellent electrocatalytic performance. At 50 mA cm−2, the overpotentials for OER and HER are 240 and 256 mV, respectively, indicating exceptional stability. Overall, this work offers valuable insights into the development of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.
Selective anticancer effects of plasma-activated saline in 3D tumor model co-culturing of normal cells and cancer cells
Authors: Xu Yujing , Wu Tong , Jing Xixi , Xu Shengduo , Zhang Jishen , Zhang Hao , Liu Dingxin , Guo Li , Xu Han , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Compared with conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model, the 3D tumor model constructed in vitro is better representative of the tumor microenvironment in vivo. Here, we proposed the utilization of 3D tumor model of co-cultured cancer cells and normal cells to evaluate the selective anticancer effects of cold atmospheric plasma-activated saline (PAS), and expected to provide more precise information about PAS-tumor interactions. By cell sorting, we clarified that A375 melanoma cells and HaCaT normal skin cells purified from the 3D multicellular tumor model differ in sensitivity and responsiveness to PAS compared to the 2D culture model. And during the optimization of PAS treatment parameters, we further found that A375 cells were almost completely killed while HaCaT cells were still present in large numbers after 5 d of certain PAS treatment. Our experiment innovatively carries out the selective study of plasma technology in 3D co-culture system and provides a theoretical basis for further clinical and practical applications of PAS.
A hierarchal model for bacterial cell inactivation in solution by direct and indirect treatment using cold atmospheric plasmas
Authors: Polito Jordyn , Kushner Mark J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma devices have shown promise for a variety of plasma medical applications, including wound healing and bacterial inactivation often performed in liquids. In the latter application, plasma-produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) interact with and damage bacterial cells, though the exact mechanism by which cell damage occurs is unclear. Computational models can help elucidate relationships between plasma-produced RONS and cell killing by enabling direct comparison between dissimilar plasma devices and by examining the effects of changing operating parameters in these devices. In biological applications, computational models of plasma-liquid interactions would be most effective in design and optimization of plasma devices if there is a corresponding prediction of the biological outcome. In this work, we propose a hierarchal model for planktonic bacterial cell inactivation by plasma produced RONS in liquid. A previously developed reaction mechanism for plasma induced modification of cysteine was extended to provide a basis for cell killing by plasma-produced RONS. Results from the model are compared to literature values to provide proof of concept. Differences in time to bacterial inactivation as a function of plasma operating parameters including gas composition and plasma source configuration are discussed. Results indicate that optimizing gas-phase reactive nitrogen species production may be key in the design of plasma devices for disinfection.
Deconvolution-based correction of pre-strike arc voltage measurement in medium voltage switches
Authors: Dorraki Naghme , Niayesh Kaveh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Switching arc characterization, e.g. measuring the arc voltage and current, is crucial for assessing the performance of power switchgears under different working conditions. This is especially challenging for short circuit current making as one of the most severe operations for medium voltage load break switches. By closing the switch, a short circuit current flows through the arc which is ignited by the electrical breakdown in the gap between contacts before the contacts touch. This results in an abrupt change from the rated voltage of the power network, i.e. tens of thousands of volts, to the switching arc voltage, i.e. a few tens of volts and ultimately zero when the contacts touch. The inherent response of the measurement system to this very large step preceding the arc formation overlaps with the switching arc voltage and results in unrealistic arc voltages which makes correction of the distorted voltage waveform necessary. In this paper, a post processing method based on deconvolution correction technique, i.e. deconvolution of the measured voltage in time and frequency domains, is examined using experimentally determined impulse responses of the measurement system. To demonstrate its effectiveness, this method is applied to three different measurement system configurations with various step responses. The results show practically identical deconvoluted (corrected) voltage waveforms in all three measurement systems, although the directly measured waveforms have significant differences. The corrected arc voltage waveforms are in agreement with the indirect measurements proposed in previous studies.
Benchmarking machine learning strategies for phase-field problems
Authors: Dingreville Rémi , Roberston Andreas E , Attari Vahid , Greenwood Michael , Ofori-Opoku Nana , Ramesh Mythreyi , Voorhees Peter W , Zhang Qian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive benchmarking framework for evaluating machine-learning approaches applied to phase-field problems. This framework focuses on four key analysis areas crucial for assessing the performance of such approaches in a systematic and structured way. Firstly, interpolation tasks are examined to identify trends in prediction accuracy and accumulation of error over simulation time. Secondly, extrapolation tasks are also evaluated according to the same metrics. Thirdly, the relationship between model performance and data requirements is investigated to understand the impact on predictions and robustness of these approaches. Finally, systematic errors are analyzed to identify specific events or inadvertent rare events triggering high errors. Quantitative metrics evaluating the local and global description of the microstructure evolution, along with other scalar metrics representative of phase-field problems, are used across these four analysis areas. This benchmarking framework provides a path to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of machine-learning strategies applied to phase-field problems, ultimately facilitating their practical application.
InGaAs quantum dot chains grown by twofold selective area molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Barbot Clément , Rondeau-Body Claire , Coinon Christophe , Deblock Yves , Tilmant Pascal , Vaurette François , Yarekha Dmitri , Berthe Maxime , Thomas Louis , Diesinger Heinrich , Capiod Pierre , Desplanque Ludovic , Grandidier Bruno 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Increasing quantum confinement in semiconductor quantum dot (QD) systems is essential to perform robust simulations of many-body physics. By combining molecular beam epitaxy and lithographic techniques, we developed an approach consisting of a twofold selective area growth to build QD chains. Starting from 15 nm-thick and 65 nm-wide in-plane In0.53Ga0.47As nanowires on InP substrates, linear arrays of In0.53Ga0.47As QDs were grown on top, with tunable lengths and separations. Kelvin probe force microscopy performed at room temperature revealed a change of quantum confinement in chains with decreasing QD sizes, which was further emphasized by the spectral shift of quantum levels resolved in the conduction band with low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy. This approach, which allows the controlled formation of 25 nm-thick QDs with a minimum length and separation of 30 nm and 22 nm respectively, is suitable for the construction of scalable fermionic quantum lattices.
Innovative reinforcement method for metal foam cell wall using CNTs
Authors: Cilsal Onur Ozan , Lekesiz Huseyin , Cakir M Cemal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their composites are gaining popularity due to their exceptional strength qualities. It is well known that adding CNTs to metal foam composites boosts compressive strength. On the other hand CNT addition is still a costly process due to high cost of the CNTs. This study presents a novel and cost-effective solution by selectively adding CNTs to the structurally weakest regions of aluminum foam materials produced via powder metallurgy, employing a newly developed focused multi-step additive method. The cell borders of aluminum foam are strengthened with multiple spherical layers of CNTs, using a transfer method by initially coating the space holders used at the foaming process. The strength increase effect of this CNT addition method was compared with the widely known aluminum foam production parameters via a 4-parameter design of experiment (DOE) study. Compressive strength values of the samples were evaluated using a constant speed compression test acc. to ISO13314. The compacting pressure, CNT concentration, sintering temperature, and sintering period were chosen as DOE parameters, and 78% of the interactions effecting on final compressive strength could be explained with the model. As a result, it was established that, compared to the other parameters, sintering duration had the highest influence on compressive strength. But besides It has also been shown that adding 0.53% CNT by weight only to the cell border regions increases overall strength by 9%. This weight-strength increase ratio is compared with similar studies in the literature and found to be providing a production cost advantage due to the lower amount of CNT addition requirement for the comparable weight relative strength increase. Focused strength increase method has potential to enable controlled failure of foam materials by selectively strengthening strength critical areas of a component.
Anderson localization for the unitary almost Mathieu operator
Authors: Yang Fan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe prove Anderson localization for all Diophantine frequencies and all non-resonant phases for a model that arises from a 2D quantum walk model subject to an external magnetic field, also known as the unitary almost Mathieu operator. Our work provides the first localization results for all Diophantine frequencies in quasi-periodic quantum walk and CMV matrix setting. We also obtain sharp asymptotics of the localized eigenfunctions.
Demonstration of a lateral p-NiO/n-GaN JFET fabricated by selective-area regrowth
Authors: Qiao Guang , Yu Jing , Hao Lin , Miao Ailin , Xu Liang , Zhu Hong , Xie Zili 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrated experimentally a lateral GaN-based junction field effect transistor (JFET). A selective area regrowth of p-NiO on the as-grown n-GaN channel layer was developed by magnetron sputtering at room temperature to form the p–n junction. A self-aligned gate process and a post metal annealing process were employed to improve the device performances. The measured results show that the annealed JFET exhibits an ON/OFF ratio exceeding 106 and a higher breakdown voltage up to 814 V without any terminal structure. The breakdown voltage is determined by the reverse breakdown of parasitic PN junction between gate and drain. Further, the threshold voltage of the p-NiO/n-GaN JFET exhibits excellent temperature stability in the range of 300–500 K.