bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating climate change projections into riparian restoration planning and design
Authors: Perry Laura G. , Reynolds Lindsay V. , Beechie Timothy J. , Collins Mathias J. , Shafroth Patrick B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractClimate change and associated changes in streamflow may alter riparian habitats substantially in coming decades. Riparian restoration provides opportunities to respond proactively to projected climate change effects, increase riparian ecosystem resilience to climate change, and simultaneously address effects of both climate change and other human disturbances. However, climate change may alter which restoration methods are most effective and which restoration goals can be achieved. Incorporating climate change into riparian restoration planning and design is critical to long‐term restoration of desired community composition and ecosystem services.In this review, we discuss and provide examples of how climate change might be incorporated into restoration planning at the key stages of assessing the project context, establishing restoration goals and design criteria, evaluating design alternatives, and monitoring restoration outcomes. Restoration planners have access to numerous tools to predict future climate, streamflow, and riparian ecology at restoration sites. Planners can use those predictions to assess which species or ecosystem services will be most vulnerable under future conditions, and which sites will be most suitable for restoration. To accommodate future climate and streamflow change, planners may need to adjust methods for planting, invasive species control, channel and floodplain reconstruction, and water management. Given the considerable uncertainty in future climate and streamflow projections, riparian ecological responses, and effects on restoration outcomes, planners will need to consider multiple potential future scenarios, implement a variety of restoration methods, design projects with flexibility to adjust to future conditions, and plan to respond adaptively to unexpected change. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concomitant mineralization and detoxification of acid red 88 by an indigenous acclimated mixed culture
Authors: Anil Kumar Madhava , Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan , Ponnusamy Ramalingam , Paul Daniel Frederick , Seenuvasan Muthulingam , Anuradha Dhanasekaran , Sivanesan Subramanian 
Published: May 2015

An indigenous mixed bacterial culture was screened and acclimated to decolorize a sulfonated azo dye; Acid Red 88 (AR88) under changing growth conditions. The process parameters influencing the average decolorization rate, ADRAR88 (μg min−1) was optimized using Taguchi's orthogonal array (OA‐L25), under design of experiments. The value of ADRAR88 is 888.86 (μg min−1) when the operational parameters like pH, 8.0, temperature, 35°C and AR88 concentration, 500 (mg L−1) were maintained for 6 h. The mixed culture exhibited 87.89 and 90.58% reduction in the level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and aromatic amines, respectively. It was found that increasing AR88 concentration, were found to be insignificant on the basis of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) variation for the obtained responses from Taguchi's OA experiments. The decolorization by the mixed culture was confirmed by UV–vis spectrophotometry, whereas biotransformation was evidenced by spectroscopic studies like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), and chromatographic techniques like high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses. The induction and activities of various AR88 degrading oxido‐reductive enzymes was elucidated. The phytotoxicity test using plant seeds revealed the extent of detoxification of parent dye compound by the mixed culture. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1455–1466, 2015
Inhibition of connexin43 improves functional recovery after ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Zhao Heqing , Tan Xianxing , Kostrzewa Richard M. , Du Gang , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhu Jiangtao , Miao Zhigang , Yu Hailong , Kong Jiming , Xu Xingshun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractConnexin43 (Cx43) is one of the most abundant gap junction proteins in the central nervous system. Abnormal opening of Cx43 hemichannels after ischemic insults causes apoptotic cell death. In this study, we found persistently increased expression of Cx43 8 h to 7 d after hypoxia/ischemia (HI) injury in neonatal rats. Pre‐treatment with Gap26 and Gap27, two Cx43 mimetic peptides, significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume. Gap26 treatment at 24 h after ischemia improved functional recovery on muscle strength, motor coordination, and spatial memory abilities. Further, Gap26 inhibited Cx43 expression and reduced active astrogliosis. Gap26 interacted and co‐localized with Cx43 together in brain tissues and cultured astrocytes. After oxygen glucose deprivation, Gap26 treatment reduced the total Cx43 level in cultured astrocytes; but Cx43 level in the plasma membrane was increased. Degradation of Cx43 in the cytoplasm was mainly via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Concurrently, phosphorylated Akt, which phosphorylates Cx43 on Serine373 and facilitates the forward transport of Cx43 to the plasma membrane, was increased by Gap26 treatment. Microdialysis showed that increased membranous Cx43 causes glutamate release by opening Cx43 hemichannels. Extracellular glutamate concentration was significantly decreased by Gap26 treatment in vivo. Finally, we found that cleaved caspase‐3, an apoptosis marker, was attenuated after HI injury by Gap26 treatment. Effects of Gap27 were analogous to those of Gap26. In summary, our findings demonstrate that modulation of Cx43 expression and astroglial function is a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic brain injury. GLIA 2015;63:1553–1567
Efficient image compression techniques for compressing multimodal medical images using neural network radial basis function approach
Authors: Balasubramani Perumal , Murugan Pallikonda Rajasekaran 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTImage compression technique is used to reduce the number of bits required in representing image, which helps to reduce the storage space and transmission cost. Image compression techniques are widely used in many applications especially, medical field. Large amount of medical image sequences are available in various hospitals and medical organizations. Large images can be compressed into smaller size images, so that the memory occupation of the image is considerably reduced. Image compression techniques are used to reduce the number of pixels in the input image, which is also used to reduce the broadcast and transmission cost in efficient form. This is capable by compressing different types of medical images giving better compression ratio (CR), low mean square error (MSE), bits per pixel (BPP), high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), input image memory size and size of the compressed image, minimum memory requirement and computational time. The pixels and the other contents of the images are less variant during the compression process. This work outlines the different compression methods such as Huffman, fractal, neural network back propagation (NNBP) and neural network radial basis function (NNRBF) applied to medical images such as MR and CT images. Experimental results show that the NNRBF technique achieves a higher CR, BPP and PSNR, with less MSE on CT and MR images when compared with Huffman, fractal and NNBP techniques.
FPGA implementation of particle swarm optimization based on new fitness function for MRI images segmentation
Authors: Hamdaoui Fayçal , Sakly Anis , Mtibaa Abdellatif 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered as a key part in therapeutic procedures because it clearly defines the aim. It also avoids sensitive organs and it determines the desired paths. This phenomenon requires image processing operations such as segmentation to locate the tumor. Medical image segmentation is still an important topic in the field of brain tumor. In the present article, we propose a Hardware Architecture of segmentation based on a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (HAMPSO) algorithm for MRI images segmentation. To achieve this, we use the Xilinx System Generator (XSG) to be implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This architecture is based on a new variant of objective function. These performances of the proposed method are proved using a set of MRI images and were compared to the Hardware Architecture of segmentation based on Particle Swarm Optimization (HAPSO) in terms of either device utilization, execution time, qualitatively or quantitatively results.
Participatory Irrigation Management Practices In Azerbaijan and Future Development Needs
Authors: Ağarza Oğlu Rzayev Mehman 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDuring the last two decades Azerbaijan has initiated reform of irrigation water management through a complex of measures, including realization of irrigation management transfer (IMT) for decentralization and redelegating of management responsibilities at on‐farm level by establishment of water users’ associations (WUAs). The purpose of this study is to analyse and demonstrate experience gained from the past, success and difficulties arising from IMT policy in the country in a local and international comparative context and, based on the current situation, to propose development needs. WUA concept development is being implemented under World Bank rehabilitation programmes, but not all WUAs have yet been covered with the rehabilitation programme. Considering this situation, the measures should be elaborated for three types of WUA, which are: (i) already rehabilitated; (ii) WUAs under rehabilitation: (iii) those not yet included in the rehabilitation programme due to lack of investment and insufficient eligibility criteria of their current performance. International experience with different development backgrounds shows similarity and difference in realization of IMT in Azerbaijan and supports better understanding of the emergence of WUAs. Besides institutional development of WUAs, improvement works should cover the entire service area, including on‐farm infrastructure, land reorganization and levelling works. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysing Climate Change Impacts on Water Productivity of Cropping Systems in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Kang Yinhong , Khan Shahbaz , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractClimate change impacts on food production and water use efficiency are becoming more and more important. This paper mainly discusses the climate change effects on water use indices and maize yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions projected by three climate models in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia in 2020, 2050 and 2080 under A2 and B2 scenarios. The climate prediction results show that it is similar to the future precipitation and temperature projected by three climate models for the same time slices. For rainfed and irrigated maize, the crop yield, the potential and actual evapotranspiration will increase by 3–32, 3–12, 30–45 and 32–45, 3–15, 6–15% under both scenarios in the future during the maize growth period compared with the baseline respectively. Water use indices of maize under rainfed conditions will decrease and the variable increment will gradually be larger in the future, including evapotranspiration efficiency, crop water use efficiency and total water use efficiency. However, all the water use indices analysed under irrigated conditions will increase. The variation for evapotranspiration efficiency, ratio of evapotranspiration and irrigation is around 20%, but the variation for the other three indices is more than 30%. The projection results also indicate that the indices under the B2 scenario are smaller than those under A2 although the variable tendency and range are consistent. The conclusions suggest that it is significant to develop irrigated agriculture so as to mitigate climate change effects on crop production in the Murray Darling Basin. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of radiopacifiers agents on pH, calcium release, radiopacity, and antimicrobial properties of different calcium hydroxide dressings
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata Ronald , Bramante Clovis Monteiro , GarcÍa‐godoy Franklin , Moldauer Bertram Ivan , Minotti Paloma Gagliardi , TercíLIA Grizzo Larissa , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, pH level, calcium ion release, and radiopacity of calcium hydroxide pastes associated with three radiopacifying agents (iodoform, zinc oxide, and barium sulfate). For the pH and calcium release tests, 45 acrylic teeth were utilized and immersed in ultrapure water. After 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days the solution was analyzed by using a pH meter and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Polyethylene tubes filled with the pastes were used to perform the radiopacity test. For the antimicrobial test, 25 dentin specimens were infected intraorally in order to induce the biofilm colonization and treated with the pastes for 7 days. The Live/Dead technique and a confocal microscope were used to obtain the ratio of live cells. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were performed to show differences among the groups (P < 0.05). The pH analysis at 7 days showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the groups. No differences among the pastes were found in the calcium release test on the 7th day (P > 0.05). The calcium hydroxide/iodoform samples had the highest radiopacity and antimicrobial activity against the biofilm‐infected dentin in comparison to the other pastes (P < 0.05). Calcium hydroxide mixed with 17% iodoform and 35% propylene glycol into a paste had the highest pH, calcium ion release, radiopacity, and the greatest antimicrobial action versus similar samples mixed with BaSO4 or ZnO. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:620–625, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of ENSO on South American precipitation during austral summer and autumn in observations and models
Authors: Tedeschi Renata G. , Collins Matthew 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTSouth American precipitation is observed to respond differently to different types of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, such as those in which the main signal in sea surface temperature (SST) occurs either in the eastern equatorial Pacific or central equatorial Pacific. This study investigates how Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models represent different types of ENSO and how they represent teleconnections to South American precipitation. It is found that the CMIP5 models can represent the basic structure of SST anomalies that occur during different types of ENSO events and these are described using simple SST indices. Most of the CMIP5 models can reproduce the correct sign of precipitation anomalies in northeast South America during austral summer and autumn, in cases where the observed teleconnections are relatively strong. The same is also true of north South America in austral summer. In the east and southeast regions of South America, many models fail to reproduce the correct sign during both Canonical and Modoki/Central Pacific/Warm Pool ENSO events. The precipitation composites in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) models tend to agree with their CMIP5 counterparts, so we conclude that the errors in teleconnections are not principally driven by mean SST biases. Precipitation teleconnections in the northern regions are shown to be linked to variations in the Walker circulation in models, with the exception of that in north South America during March–May. During March–May, composite precipitation in southeast South America is related to wave trains emanating from the equator.
Chicken surimi fortified by omega‐3 fatty acid addition: manufacturing and quality properties
Authors: Wang Hao‐Lun , Chou Chung‐Hsi , Yu Yu‐Shan , Hsu Chin‐Lin , Wang Sheng‐Yao , Ko Yi‐Feng , Chen Yi‐Chen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe meat of spent hens is hard to use owing to its small amount and poor quality. A washing process to remove sarcoplasmic proteins and other impurities can prolong the shelf life of surimi‐like products. Owing to the benefits of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω‐3 PUFAs), functional foods fortified with ω‐3 PUFAs are increasingly being marketed. Hence, in this study, ω‐3 FA‐fortified chicken surimi was manufactured, and how to ameliorate its lipid peroxidation during frozen storage was investigated.RESULTSA 0.10% (w/v) solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) instead of distilled water in the third washing step decreased (P < 0.05) myofibrillar protein loss and moisture content of spent hen breast protein recoveries. Oil droplets in fish, flaxseed or soybean oil‐added chicken surimi were well distributed. Moreover, flaxseed oil addition increased (P < 0.05) total ω‐3 FAs and ω‐3/ω‐6 FA ratio, while only fish oil provided long‐chain PUFAs. Oil addition decreased (P < 0.05) hardness and gumminess of chicken surimi, while flaxseed oil resulted in more (P < 0.05) yellow surimi than fish and soybean oil. Fish oil‐added samples showed higher (P < 0.05) lipid oxidation than flaxseed or soybean oil‐added samples under −15 to −10 °C storage, but α‐tocopherol addition ameliorated it.CONCLUSIONA novel semi‐manufactured chicken surimi product with nutritional benefits could be developed by fortification with fish or flaxseed oil. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
What young people want from their diabetes team: developing a patient reported experience measure (PREM) for young people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Girling Isabella , Day Emma , Fazakerley Kate , Gray Tat , Hindmarsh Peter , Musgrove Neil , Rahman Shakeel , Trevelyan Nicola , Warner Justin , Christie Deborah 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe objectives of this study were: to explore whether a patient reported experience measure (PREM) questionnaire for carers reflected aspects of the clinic experience important to young people; and to develop a PREM for young people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to measure their clinic experience.A cross‐sectional study design and focus groups were used. Questions from a PREM for carers and four open‐ended questions were incorporated into a semi‐structured interview administered to 77 young people with T1D across four paediatric diabetes clinics.Eighty‐two percent of young people rated help in managing high and low blood glucose as the most important aspect of their clinic experience. All items identified by parents as important were rated important by over two‐thirds of young people, with the exception of ‘How important is it to be seen on your own?’ (40% rated this as important). Thematic analysis identified two superordinate themes: learning new information, and age appropriate structure and communication. Exemplary quotations from each theme were converted into questions and reviewed by six young people using cognitive interviewing. The final question set was reviewed by the National Paediatric Diabetes Audit PREM working group. The PREM was distributed to 177 paediatric diabetes units in England and Wales for completion between September 2012 and January 2013.Exploring what is important for a young person about their clinic experience has supported the construction of a paediatric‐centred measure. The young person PREM creates opportunities for improvement in care to help diabetes teams listen to patients and work with them to provide the best possible service. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons.
Life goals in patients with cancer: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Hullmann Stephanie E. , Robb Sheri L. , Rand Kevin L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivePurposes of this systematic review of life goal research in cancer patients were to (1) identify life goal characteristics and processes being examined, (2) describe instruments used to assess life goal constructs, (3) identify theoretical models being used to guide research, and (4) summarize what is known about the impact of the cancer experience on life goal characteristics, processes, and psychological outcomes.MethodsWe conducted this systematic review using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) published between 1993 and 2014, (2) English language, (3) cancer patient population, and (4) original research articles that assessed life goal characteristics and/or goal processes. One hundred ninety‐seven articles were screened and 27 included in the final review.ResultsSeven life goal characteristics and seven life goal processes were identified, and less than half of studies investigated associations between goal characteristics and processes. Conceptual definitions were not provided for about half of the identified life goal constructs. Studies used both validated and author‐developed instruments to assess goal constructs. Twenty‐four different theoretical models were identified, with self‐regulation theory most frequently cited. Overall, the literature suggests that cancer impacts patients' life goal characteristics and processes, and life goal disturbance is related to poorer psychological outcomes.ConclusionsThe impact of the cancer experience on life goals is an important and emerging area of research that would benefit from conceptual and theoretical clarity and measurement consistency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical penetration graph technique as a tool to monitor the early stages of aphid resistance to insecticides
Authors: Garzo Elisa , Moreno Aranzazu , Hernando Sara , Mariño Vera , Torne María , Santamaria Estrella , Díaz Isabel , Fereres Alberto 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfoxaflor, a new insecticide from the sulfoximine chemical family, and imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, were tested to assess the susceptibility and feeding behaviour of two populations of Myzus persicae: Mp61, which exhibited target‐site R81T resistance to neonicotinoids, and Mp1989, a laboratory clone maintained since 1989 as a susceptible reference.RESULTSThe imidacloprid LC50 value for Mp61 was 16 times higher than for Mp1989, showing a moderate level of resistance. Sulfoxaflor LC50 values for Mp61 and Mp1989 were much closer. The probing behaviour, as assessed by electrical penetration graphs (EPGs), of both populations was clearly altered by sulfoxaflor, which reduced the ability of aphids to find and feed from the phloem. The feeding behaviour of the susceptible Mp1989 population was much more severely affected than the moderately resistant Mp61 population on imidacloprid‐treated plants. PCR assays of both aphid populations followed by DNA sequencing identified differences between populations in the point mutation in the β‐subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor linked to the resistant gene against the neonicotinoid insecticide.CONCLUSIONSSulfoxaflor provoked feeding cessation more rapidly than imidacloprid in both aphid populations. Sharp differences in feeding behaviour were detected between the susceptible and the moderately resistant neonicotinoid‐resistant aphid populations. The EPG technique can be used as a useful tool to give new insights into the functional effects of new chemical compounds and for early detection of low to moderate levels of resistance of sap‐feeding insects to insecticides. The potential of this technique was validated by molecular analysis of the R81T mutation target site. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry