bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Impacts of Future Climate Change on Irrigation over China: Sensitivity to Adjusted Projections
Authors: Leng Guoyong , Tang Qiuhong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBecause of the limitations of coarse-resolution general circulation models (GCMs), delta change (DC) methods are generally used to derive scenarios of future climate as inputs into impact models. In this paper, the impact of future climate change on irrigation was investigated over China using the Community Land Model, version 4 (CLM4), which was calibrated against observed irrigation water demand (IWD) at the provincial level. The results show large differences in projected changes of IWD variability, extremes, timing, and regional responses between the DC and bias-corrected (BC) methods. For example, 95th-percentile IWD increased by 62% in the BC method compared to only a 28% increase in the DC method. In addition, a shift of seasonal IWD peaks (averaged over the country) to one month later in the year was projected when using the BC method, whereas no evident changes were predicted when using the DC method. Furthermore, low-percentile runoff has larger impacts in the BC method compared with proportional changes in the DC method, indicating that hydrological droughts seem to be exacerbated by increased climate variability. The discrepancies between the two methods were potentially due to the inability of the DC method to capture the changes in precipitation variability. Therefore, the authors highlight the potential effects of climate variability and the sensitivity to the choice of particular strategy-adjusting climate projection in assessing climate change impacts on irrigation. Some caveats, however, should be placed around interpretation of simulated percentage changes for all of China since a large model bias was found in southern China.
Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of invasive breast cancer in women aged less than 35 years
Authors: Kim Jin You , Lee Suck Hong , Lee Ji Won , Kim Suk , Choo Ki Seok 
Published: July 2014

Background With regard to clinicopathological findings and disease prognosis, breast cancer in young women is different from that in older women. However, few studies have investigated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of young age-onset breast cancer. Purpose To retrospectively evaluate and compare the MR images and clinicopathological characteristics of invasive breast cancer in young women (aged <35 years) with those of breast cancers in older premenopausal women (35–45 years). Material and Methods A total of 270 invasive breast cancers in 266 premenopausal women aged 45 years and younger who underwent preoperative breast MRI and curative surgery were identified between 2009 and 2013. The subjects were divided into a young group (<35 years, n = 56) and an older group (35–45 years, n = 214). MRI features and clinicopathological data were compared between the two groups. Results The young group had more positive axillary lymph nodes, higher histologic grade, negative estrogen receptor (ER), negative progesterone receptor (PR), and higher p53 and Ki-67 expression compared to the older group. Using MRI, the young group was more likely to display a round/oval or lobular mass shape, a smooth mass margin, and a high signal intensity on T2-weighted images when compared to the older group. In multivariate analysis, positive axillary nodal status (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.070; P = 0.002), higher expression of p53 (adjusted OR, 2.902; P = 0.038), lobular mass shape (adjusted OR, 4.979; P = 0.028), and smooth mass margin (adjusted OR, 5.123; P = 0.048) were independently associated with the young group. Conclusion MR morphologic features, including lobular mass shape and smooth mass margin, were independently associated with breast cancer in young women, in addition to positive axillary nodal status and higher p53 expression status.
Antifibrinolytic Agents and Desmopressin as Hemostatic Agents in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Erstad Brian L 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE: To review the use of systemic hemostatic medications for reducing bleeding and transfusion requirements with cardiac surgery. DATA SOURCES: Articles were obtained through computerized searches involving MEDLINE (from 1966 to September 2000). Additionally, several textbooks containing information on the diagnosis and management of bleeding associated with cardiac surgery were reviewed. The bibliographies of retrieved publications and textbooks were reviewed for additional references. STUDY SELECTION: Due to the large number of randomized investigations involving systemic hemostatic medications for reducing bleeding associated with cardiac surgery, the article selection process focused on recent randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and pharmacoeconomic evaluations. DATA EXTRACTION: The primary outcomes extracted from the literature were blood loss and associated transfusion requirements, although other outcome measures such as mortality were extracted when available. DATA SYNTHESIS: Although the majority of investigations for reducing cardiac bleeding and transfusion requirements have involved aprotinin, evidence from recent meta-analyses and randomized trials indicates that the synthetic antifibrinolytic agents, aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid, have similar clinical efficacy. Additionally, aminocaproic acid (and to a lesser extent tranexamic acid) is much less costly. More comparative information of hemostatic agents is needed relative to other outcomes (e.g., reoperation rates, myocardial infarction, stroke). There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of desmopressin for reducing bleeding and transfusion requirements in cardiac surgery, although certain subsets of patients may benefit from its use. CONCLUSIONS: Of the medications that have been used to reduce bleeding and transfusion requirements with cardiac surgery, the antifibrinolytic agents have the best evidence supporting their use. Aminocaproic acid is the least costly therapy based on medication costs and transfusion requirements.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Thrombocytopenic Cancer
Authors: Babilonia Katrina M. , Golightly Larry K. , Gutman Jonathan A. , Hassell Kathryn L. , Kaiser Jeffrey N. , Kiser Tyree H. , Klem Patrick M. , Trujillo Toby C. 
Published: July 2014

Background: Guidelines are discordant concerning management of patients having thrombocytopenia with cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). Methods: Hospitalized adults with CAT and platelets ≤50 × 109 cells/L were managed with dalteparin 100 units/kg subcutaneously once daily. Comparator patients with CAT and platelets >50 × 109 cells/L were managed with dalteparin 200 units/kg/d. Results: Outcomes of 35 patients with thrombocytopenia (mean platelet count 26 ± 8.3 × 109 cells/L) and 58 comparator patients (mean platelet count 155 ± 75 × 109 cells/L) were evaluated. In all, 2 (5.7%) patients in the thrombocytopenia group and 1 patient (1.9%) in the comparator group experienced new-onset venous thromboembolism (odds ratio 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-37.90, P = .556). The incidence of bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia (8.6%) was similar to that in comparator patients (9.4%; risk ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.37-2.39, P = .607). Conclusion: In hospitalized patients having thrombocytopenia with CAT, reduced-dose low-molecular-weight heparin was generally efficacious.
Elucidation of binding mechanism of hydroxyurea on serum albumins by different spectroscopic studies
Authors: Naik Keerti M , Kolli Deepa B , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe interaction of hydroxyurea (HU) with serum albumins (SAs) has not been investigated so far. However, it necessitates the interaction study of HU with SAs in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4.MethodsThe binding of HU on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied in vitro under simulated physiological conditions by spectroscopic methods viz., fluorescence, FT-IR, UV–vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence and three-dimensional fluorescence.ResultsThe Stern-Volmer plot indicated the presence of dynamic quenching mechanism in the interaction of HU with SAs. The number of binding sites, n and binding constants, K were obtained at various temperatures according to the double logarithm regression curve. The result of FT-IR spectra, UV–vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra showed that the conformation of SAs has been changed in the presence of HU. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated according to van’t Hoff equation and discussed.ConclusionThis kind of study of interaction between BSA and HSA with HU would be useful in pharmaceutical industry, life sciences and clinical medicine.
Myelination at a glance
Authors: Snaidero Nicolas , Simons Mikael 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe myelin sheath is a plasma membrane extension that is laid down in regularly spaced segments along axons of the nervous system. This process involves extensive changes in oligodendrocyte cell shape and membrane architecture. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we provide a model of how myelin of the central nervous system is wrapped around axons to form a tightly compacted, multilayered membrane structure. This model may not only explain how myelin is generated during brain development, but could also help us to understand myelin remodeling in adult life, which might serve as a form of plasticity for the fine-tuning of neuronal networks.
Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalysts Workable in Water
Authors: Hara Michikazu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The Lewis acidities of Nb2O5·nH2O, anatase TiO2, and Ti-deposited mesoporous silica (TDMS) in the presence of water have been studied to devise new catalytic systems for the environmentally benign production of chemicals. These Groups 4 and 5-based oxides exhibit high catalytic performance for Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions in aqueous media such as the conversion of glucose into 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), lactic acid production from pyruvaldehyde, the allylation of benzaldehyde with tetraallyltin, and the Mukaiyama–aldol condensation of benzaldehyde with 1-trimethylsilyloxycyclohexene. Lewis acid catalysis of these materials in water can be attributed to MOx unsaturated coordination spheres such as NbO4 and TiO4 terrahedra: they are not decomposed in water and water molecules interacting with such Lewis acid sites can be easily exchanged with nucleophilic reactants. Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions on TiO2 and TDMS revealed that Lewis acid sites on TDMS are quite distinct from those of TiO2 in catalysis.
Versatile Simple Doping Technique for Diamond by Solid Dopant Source Immersion during Microwave Plasma CVD
Authors: Tamura Takahiro , Yanase Takashi , Nagahama Taro , Wakeshima Makoto , Hinatsu Yukio , Shimada Toshihiro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We demonstrate a new doping technique for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of diamond. The method involves immersing a solid-state dopant source into the plasma during microwave plasma-assisted CVD. We applied this simple and versatile technique to the growth of boron-doped diamond. The grown films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman microscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), and electrical conductivity measurements. The average concentration of boron was 0.5 atom % and the conductivity was 1.5 × 10−2 Ω cm, which showed irregular behavior at low temperature.
From Beijing Story to their story: Adaptation, politics and gay romance in Stanley Kwan’s Lan Yu
Authors: Dong Lan , Helton Tena L. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Through a film adaptation of the anonymous Internet novel, Beijing Story, Stanley Kwan normalizes a male gay relationship against the backdrop of political unrest in 1980s and 1990s China. Choosing to de-emphasize the political and cultural context in Lan Yu (2001) reduces the visible complexity of the politics of homosexuality in China and between the two main characters, Chen Handong and Lan Yu. Nevertheless, Kwan’s decision to normalize the gay relationship creates gaps between the source text and adaptation that viewers, in the absence of an overt message, may choose to interpret politically. This article focuses on three areas in which these gaps are most obvious and open to political interpretation: money and politics, family structure and traditional values, and science and religion.
Avengers dissemble! Transmedia superhero franchises and cultic management
Authors: Taylor Aaron 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Through a case study of The Avengers (2012) and other recently adapted Marvel Entertainment properties, it will be demonstrated that the reimagined, rebooted and serialized intermedial text is fundamentally fan oriented: a deliberately structured and marketed invitation to certain niche audiences to engage in comparative activities. That is, its preferred spectators are often those opinionated and outspoken fan cultures whose familiarity with the texts is addressed and whose influence within a more dispersed film-going community is acknowledged, courted and potentially colonized. These superhero franchises – neither remakes nor adaptations in the familiar sense – are also paradigmatic byproducts of an adaptive management system that is possible through the appropriation of the economics of continuity and the co-option of online cultic networking. In short, blockbuster intermediality is not only indicative of the economics of post-literary adaptation, but it also exemplifies a corporate strategy that aims for the strategic co-option of potentially unruly niche audiences.
Changing stories, changing things: Dennis Kelly and Alexandra Wood in conversation with Aleks Sierz
Authors: Sierz Aleks 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Ambition in adaptation sometimes pays off. The following is an edited transcript of a public interview conducted by journalist Aleks Sierz with two British playwrights, Dennis Kelly (born 1910) and Alexandra Wood (born 1982) at the ICA in London on 4 May 2012. Kelly has adapted Roald Dahl’s popular 1988 children’s novel, Matilda, into the musical Matilda the Musical (2010) for the Royal Shakespeare Company, and Wood created a stage version, for the Young Vic, of Jung Chang’s 1991 bestselling Wild Swans, a non-fiction account of three generations of a Chinese family spanning the era of the Communist Revolution. The interview examines the process of adaptation, starting with the adaptor’s first encounter with the source work, their original versions of the text, the changes made during the process of collaboration and the final fine tuning of the result. Both playwrights stress the support of their theatre companies and especially of their directors, in the case of Matilda the Musical this was director Matthew Warchus and musician Tim Minchin, and in the case of Wild Swans it was Sacha Wares. In both of these adaptations, a key preoccupation was that of storytelling, that is adapting the literary mode of storytelling to be found in the source texts, whether children’s novel or family biography, into a stage story, where temporal, visual and musical elements are at least as important as, and sometimes even more constraining than, the words of spoken dialogue. In both cases this process required similar skills: narrative economy, clarity of representation and emotional engagement. In terms of politics, both playwrights have focused on the personal politics of change, asking whether it is possible for individuals to change the life story that they have been born into, as nurtured by their parents, and then exploring the emotional costs of such changes.
Significance of HbA1c targets based on an individual approach to the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Misnikova Inna Vladimirovna , Dreval Alexander Vasil'evich , Kovaleva Yulia Alexandrovna , Gubkina Valeria Alekseevna , Odnosum Aleksey Leonidovich 
Published: July 2014

Background. Over the past few years, special attention has been paid to achieving glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, since it is a factor for determining the risk of developing macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes. Certain modern guidelines suggest an individual approach to the choice of HbA1c target. Objective. Objective. . of this study was to estimate the percentage of T2DM patients who have reached the HbA1c levels. This was determined based on their age and the presence of severe complications. Materials and Methods. A total of 2195 patients with T2DM were studied. The patients were divided into the following age groups:
The NB‐LRR proteins RGA4 and RGA5 interact functionally and physically to confer disease resistance
Authors: Césari Stella , Kanzaki Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Tadashi , Bernoux Maud , Chalvon Véronique , Kawano Yoji , Shimamoto Ko , Dodds Peter , Terauchi Ryohei , Kroj Thomas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPlant resistance proteins of the class of nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat domain proteins (NB‐LRRs) are immune sensors which recognize pathogen‐derived molecules termed avirulence (AVR) proteins. We show that RGA4 and RGA5, two NB‐LRRs from rice, interact functionally and physically to mediate resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and accomplish different functions in AVR recognition. RGA4 triggers an AVR‐independent cell death that is repressed in the presence of RGA5 in both rice protoplasts and Nicotiana benthamiana. Upon recognition of the pathogen effector AVR‐Pia by direct binding to RGA5, repression is relieved and cell death occurs. RGA4 and RGA5 form homo‐ and hetero‐complexes and interact through their coiled‐coil domains. Localization studies in rice protoplast suggest that RGA4 and RGA5 localize to the cytosol. Upon recognition of AVR‐Pia, neither RGA4 nor RGA5 is re‐localized to the nucleus. These results establish a model for the interaction of hetero‐pairs of NB‐LRRs in plants: RGA4 mediates cell death activation, while RGA5 acts as a repressor of RGA4 and as an AVR receptor.
Effects of Weight Loss, Weight Cycling, and Weight Loss Maintenance on Diabetes Incidence and Change in Cardiometabolic Traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Delahanty Linda M. , Pan Qing , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Aroda Vanita R. , Watson Karol E. , Bray George A. , Kahn Steven E. , Florez Jose C. , Perreault Leigh , Franks Paul W. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
This study examined specific measures of weight loss in relation to incident diabetes and improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective, observational study analyzed nine weight measures, characterizing baseline weight, short- versus long-term weight loss, short- versus long-term weight regain, and weight cycling, within the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention arm (n = 1,000) for predictors of incident diabetes and improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors over 2 years.

RESULTS
Although weight loss in the first 6 months was protective of diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94 per kg, 95% CI 0.90, 0.98; P &lt; 0.01) and cardiometabolic risk factors (P &lt; 0.01), weight loss from 0 to 2 years was the strongest predictor of reduced diabetes incidence (HR 0.90 per kg, 95% CI 0.87, 0.93; P &lt; 0.01) and cardiometabolic risk factor improvement (e.g., fasting glucose: β = −0.57 mg/dL per kg, 95% CI −0.66, −0.48; P &lt; 0.01). Weight cycling (defined as number of 5-lb [2.25-kg] weight cycles) ranged 0–6 times per participant and was positively associated with incident diabetes (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.12, 1.58; P &lt; 0.01), fasting glucose (β = 0.91 mg/dL per cycle; P = 0.02), HOMA-IR (β = 0.25 units per cycle; P = 0.04), and systolic blood pressure (β = 0.94 mmHg per cycle; P = 0.01). After adjustment for baseline weight, the effect of weight cycling remained statistically significant for diabetes risk (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02, 1.47; P = 0.03) but not for cardiometabolic traits.

CONCLUSIONS
Two-year weight loss was the strongest predictor of reduced diabetes risk and improvements in cardiometabolic traits.
A Reporter Mouse Reveals Lineage-Specific and Heterogeneous Expression of IRF8 during Lymphoid and Myeloid Cell Differentiation
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Yan Ming , Sun Jiafang , Jain Shweta , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Abolfath Sanaz Momben , Ozato Keiko , Coleman William G. , Ng Ashley P. , Metcalf Donald , DiRago Ladina , Nutt Stephen L. , Morse Herbert C. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The IFN regulatory factor family member 8 (IRF8) regulates differentiation of lymphoid and myeloid lineage cells by promoting or suppressing lineage-specific genes. How IRF8 promotes hematopoietic progenitors to commit to one lineage while preventing the development of alternative lineages is not known. In this study, we report an IRF8–EGFP fusion protein reporter mouse that revealed previously unrecognized patterns of IRF8 expression. Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into oligopotent progenitors is associated with progressive increases in IRF8-EGFP expression. However, significant induction of IRF8-EGFP is found in granulocyte–myeloid progenitors and the common lymphoid progenitors but not the megakaryocytic–erythroid progenitors. Surprisingly, IRF8-EGFP identifies three subsets of the seemingly homogeneous granulocyte–myeloid progenitors with an intermediate level of expression of EGFP defining bipotent progenitors that differentiation into either EGFPhi monocytic progenitors or EGFPlo granulocytic progenitors. Also surprisingly, IRF8-EGFP revealed a highly heterogeneous pre–pro-B population with a fluorescence intensity ranging from background to 4 orders above background. Interestingly, IRF8–EGFP readily distinguishes true B cell committed (EGFPint) from those that are noncommitted. Moreover, dendritic cell progenitors expressed extremely high levels of IRF8-EGFP. Taken together, the IRF8-EGFP reporter revealed previously unrecognized subsets with distinct developmental potentials in phenotypically well-defined oligopotent progenitors, providing new insights into the dynamic heterogeneity of developing hematopoietic progenitors.
Organ preservation strategies: Review of literature and their applicability in developing nations
Authors: Dandekar Mitali , D'Cruz Anil 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThere has been a change in practice in locally advanced laryngopharyngeal cancers toward non-surgical treatment modalities. Although, there have been landmark trials pertinent to organ preservation, their applicability in developing nations is a topic of much debate. The organ preservation concept was based on the findings of pivotal trials by the Veterans Affairs, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer group and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Subsequently numerous studies have been designed to evaluate intensification of treatment as well as study toxicity and tolerability. This review critically analyses current evidence for larynx preservation, experience from various centers on organ preservation strategies as well as applicability of these protocols to developing nations.