bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High Sensitive TNT Sensor Based on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Poly(amidoamine) Modified Electrode
Authors: Shamsipur Mojtaba , Tabrizi Mahmoud Amouzadeh , Mahkam Mehrdad , Aboudi Javad 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the electrochemically reduced graphene oxide‐poly(amidoamine) hybrid (ErGO‐PAMAM) have been used for fabrication of TNT electrochemical sensor. The prepared modified electrode is characterized with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Based on obtained results, it is can be seen that the ErGO‐PAMAM/GCE has high response to TNT than the other graphene based modified electrodes. The resulting electrochemical sensor exhibited good response to TNT with linear range from 0.05 to 1.2 ppm with a low detection limit of 0.0015 ppm.
Mercury Films on Commercial Carbon Screen‐Printed Devices for the Analysis of Heavy Metal Ions: a Critical Evaluation
Authors: Pérez‐Ràfols Clara , Serrano Núria , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Ariño Cristina , Esteban Miquel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe suitability of mercury films on commercial screen‐printed electrodes for the analysis of heavy metal ions is critically tested for the particular case of Pb(II)‐ions. Although determination is possible by anodic stripping voltammetry with a reasonable detection limit (8.9 µg L−1), important drawbacks are noticed as a consequence of the heterogeneous deposition of mercury on the rough surface of screen‐printed devices.
Negative Affect, Negative Urgency, Thought Suppression, and Bulimic Symptoms: A Moderated Mediation Analysis in a Sample at‐Risk for Bulimic Symptoms
Authors: Lavender Jason M. , Green Daniel , Anestis Michael D. , Tull Matthew T. , Gratz Kim L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractResearch suggests that negative affect, negative urgency, and thought suppression are related to bulimic symptoms, either directly or indirectly. This study examined associations between these constructs in a sample at‐risk for bulimic symptoms. Participants (N = 80) recruited from a residential substance abuse treatment facility completed self‐report questionnaires. A regression‐based bootstrapping approach was used to examine the indirect effect of negative affect on bulimic symptoms through negative urgency and the moderating role of thought suppression in the association between negative affect and negative urgency. Results revealed a significant indirect effect, significant moderation, and a significant moderated mediation effect, with an indirect effect of negative affect on bulimic symptoms through negative urgency, conditional upon low to moderate (but not high) levels of thought suppression. These findings suggest that negative affect may promote rash actions, particularly in the context of low to moderate thought suppression, leading to increased risk of bulimic symptoms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
An improved algorithm for the shallow water equations model reduction: Dynamic Mode Decomposition vs POD
Authors: Bistrian D. A. , Navon I. M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe propose an improved framework for dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) of 2‐D flows for problems originating from meteorology when a large time step acts like a filter in obtaining the significant Koopman modes, therefore, the classic DMD method is not effective. This study is motivated by the need to further clarify the connection between Koopman modes and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) dynamic modes. We apply DMD and POD to derive reduced order models (ROM) of the shallow water equations. Key innovations for the DMD‐based ROM introduced in this paper are the use of the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse in the DMD computation that produced an accurate result and a novel selection method for the DMD modes and associated amplitudes and Ritz values. A quantitative comparison of the spatial modes computed from the two decompositions is performed, and a rigorous error analysis for the ROM models obtained is presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protecting soymilk flavor and nutrients from photodegradation
Authors: Bianchi Laurie M. , Duncan Susan E. , Webster Janet B. , Johnson Daryan S. , Chang Hao‐Hsun , Marcy Joseph E. , O'Keefe Sean F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFive different packaging treatments were studied over a 36‐day period to determine if they protected soymilk from photo‐oxidation. Soymilk was packaged in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with and without light protective additives (LPA). Two controls [(1) no LPA (translucent appearance); (2) a light‐protected control (foil overwrap over no LPA control)] and three LPA‐containing treatments, Low (0.6% TiO2), Medium (1.3% TiO2), High (4.3% TiO2) were studied. Bottles were stored in a lighted refrigerated display case (average light intensity between 800 to 2200 lux; 3°C) for 36 days and evaluated weekly. Soymilk packaged in high LPA bottles was protected from developing light‐oxidized off‐flavors and odors for a minimum of 15 days. High LPA bottles provided protection for riboflavin and controlled development of photooxidative products for approximately 29 days.
White matter integrity of the cerebellar peduncles as a mediator of effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on eyeblink conditioning
Authors: Fan Jia , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Molteno Christopher D. , Spottiswoode Bruce S. , Dodge Neil C. , Alhamud Alkathafi A. , Stanton Mark E. , Peterson Bradley S. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Jacobson Sandra W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are characterized by a range of neurodevelopmental deficits that result from prenatal exposure to alcohol. These can include cognitive, behavioural, and neurological impairment, as well as structural and functional brain damage. Eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is among the most sensitive endpoints affected in FASD. The cerebellar peduncles, large bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem, constitute the principal white matter element of the EBC circuit. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is used to assess white matter integrity in fibre pathways linking brain regions. DTI scans of 54 children with FASD and 23 healthy controls, mean age 10.1 ± 1.0 years, from the Cape Town Longitudinal Cohort were processed using voxelwise group comparisons. Prenatal alcohol exposure was related to lower fractional anisotropy (FA) bilaterally in the superior cerebellar peduncles and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the left middle peduncle, effects that remained significant after controlling for potential confounding variables. Lower FA and higher MD in these regions were associated with poorer EBC performance. Moreover, effects of alcohol exposure on EBC decreased significantly after inclusion of these DTI measures in regression models, suggesting that these white matter deficits partially mediate the relation of prenatal alcohol exposure to EBC. The associations of greater alcohol consumption with these DTI measures are largely attributable to greater radial diffusivity, possibly indicating poorer myelination. Thus, these data suggest that fetal alcohol‐related deficits in EBC are attributable, in part, to poorer myelination in key regions of the cerebellar peduncles. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2470–2482, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Similar striatal D2/D3 dopamine receptor availability in adults with Tourette syndrome compared with healthy controls: A [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO and [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography imaging study
Authors: Abi‐Jaoude Elia , Segura Barbara , Obeso Ignacio , Cho Sang Soo , Houle Sylvain , Lang Anthony E. , Rusjan Pablo , Sandor Paul , Strafella Antonio P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPharmacological and anatomical evidence implicates striatal dopamine receptors in Tourette syndrome (TS). Nevertheless, results of positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the dopamine system in TS have been inconsistent. We investigated striatal D2/3 dopamine receptors in TS using the radioligands [11C]raclopride and [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO, an agonist that binds preferentially to D3 receptors, thus allowing higher sensitivity and measurement of receptors in a high affinity state. Eleven adults with TS and 11 matched healthy control (HC) participants underwent [11C]raclopride and [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO PET scans. General linear model was used for voxelwise contrasts of striatal binding potentials (BPND) between TS and HC participants. Analysis of variance was performed to investigate main effect of radioligand. In addition, BPND values were extracted for ventral, motor, and associative striatum. Finally, we examined the relationship between BPND measures and symptom severity in TS participants. Main effects analyses showed that [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO BPND was higher in ventral striatum, whereas [11C]raclopride BPND was higher in motor and associative striatum. There were no significant group differences between TS and HC. Furthermore, TS and HC participants had similar [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO and [11C]raclopride BPND in the three striatal subregions. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between BPND and symptom severity. TS and HC participants had similar striatal D2/3 receptor availability measures. These results challenge the assumption that striatal dopamine receptors have a major role in the pathophysiology of TS. Consistent with previous findings, [11C]‐(+)‐PHNO localized preferentially to ventral striatal, D3 receptor‐rich regions, in contrast to [11C]raclopride, which localized preferentially in the dorsal striatum. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2592–2601, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dose‐intensified bendamustine followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell support in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma with impaired bone marrow function
Authors: Breitkreutz Iris , Becker Natalia , Benner Axel. , Kosely Florentina , Heining Christoph , Hillengass Jens , Egerer Gerlinde , Ho Anthony D. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Raab Marc S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTherapeutic options in heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients are often very limited because of impaired bone marrow function. Bendamustine is effective in multiple myeloma and has a favourable toxicity profile. We hypothesized that dose‐intensified bendamustine (180 mg/m2, day 1 and 2) followed by autologous blood stem cell support (ASCS) would improve bone marrow function with low post‐transplant toxicity in patients with severely impaired haematopoiesis. We analyzed 28 consecutive myeloma patients, with a median of three prior lines of therapy (range 2–7), who had relapsed from the last treatment with very limited bone marrow function and were therefore ineligible for conventional chemotherapy, novel agents or trial enrolment. Dose‐intensified bendamustine with ASCS improved haematopoiesis as reflected by increased platelet counts (median 40/nl vs 94/nl, p = 0.0004) and white blood cell counts (3.0/nl vs 4.8/nl, p = 0.02) at day +100. The median time until engraftment of platelets (>50/nl) was 11 days (0–24 days) and of white cell counts (>1.0/nl) 0 days (0–24 days). At least, a minimal response was achieved in 36% of patients. The disease stabilization rate was 50% while the median progression‐free survival rate was limited to 2.14 months. Most importantly, patients were once again eligible for alternative treatments including enrolment into clinical trials. We conclude that dose‐intensified bendamustine followed by ASCS is safe and feasible for multiple myeloma patients with very limited bone marrow reserve. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation using lymphoablative rather than myeloablative conditioning regimen for relapsed or refractory lymphomas
Authors: Yoon Jae‐Ho , Jeon Young‐Woo , Lee Sung‐Eun , Cho Byung‐Sik , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Lee Seok , Kim Hee‐Je , Min Chang‐Ki , Lee Jong‐Wook , Min Woo‐Sung , Cho Seok‐Goo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn relapsed or refractory non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) provides graft‐versus‐lymphoma activity resulting in fewer incidences of relapse. However, therapy‐related mortality (TRM) remains an important challenge. We attempted to introduce our reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen. From 2007 to 2013, we treated 28 relapsed or refractory NHLs with allo‐HSCT. All were pre‐conditioned with fludarabine [FLU, 180 mg/body surface area (BSA)/6 days] and melphalan (MEL, 70 mg/BSA/1 day); 25 (all but 3) were additionally treated with total body irradiation (TBI, 800 cGy/4Fx/2 days). Peripheral blood stem cells were collected from matched siblings (n = 10) or suitably matched unrelated (n = 18) donors. There were eight diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas, seven peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, give lymphoblastic lymphomas, two mantle cell lymphomas, and six various other lymphomas. Of these patients, 10 relapsed after auto‐HSCT, 5 relapsed after chemotherapy, and 13 were refractory lymphomas. After allo‐HSCT, complete remission was achieved in 22 (78.5%) patients. After a median follow‐up of 24.8 months, 3‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival were 62.4 and 59.2% and the 3‐year TRM and relapse incidence were 14.9 and 28.6% respectively. Acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host diseases (GVHDs) were identified in 17 (≥Grade II in 12 patients) and 18 patients respectively, and the group with chronic GVHD showed favourable survival outcomes. In relapsed or refractory NHL, RIC‐allo‐HSCT using FLU + MEL + 800 cGy TBI showed favourable survival outcomes with acceptable TRM and relapse incidence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health sector operational planning and budgeting processes in Kenya—“never the twain shall meet”
Authors: Tsofa Benjamin , Molyneux Sassy , Goodman Catherine 
Published: March 2015

SummaryOperational planning is considered an important tool for translating government policies and strategic objectives into day‐to‐day management activities. However, developing countries suffer from persistent misalignment between policy, planning and budgeting. The Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) was introduced to address this misalignment. Kenya adopted the MTEF in the early 2000s, and in 2005, the Ministry of Health adopted the Annual Operational Plan process to adapt the MTEF to the health sector. This study assessed the degree to which the health sector Annual Operational Plan process in Kenya has achieved alignment between planning and budgeting at the national level, using document reviews, participant observation and key informant interviews. We found that the Kenyan health sector was far from achieving planning and budgeting alignment. Several factors contributed to this problem including weak Ministry of Health stewardship and institutionalized separation between planning and budgeting processes; a rapidly changing planning and budgeting environment; lack of reliable data to inform target setting and poor participation by key stakeholders in the process including a top‐down approach to target setting. We conclude that alignment is unlikely to be achieved without consideration of the specific institutional contexts and the power relationships between stakeholders. In particular, there is a need for institutional integration of the planning and budgeting processes into a common cycle and framework with common reporting lines and for improved data and local‐level input to inform appropriate and realistic target setting. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Health Planning and Management published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The expression of an immune‐related phenoloxidase gene is modulated in Ciona intestinalis ovary, test cells, embryos and larva
Authors: Parrinello Daniela , Sanfratello Maria A. , Vizzini Aiti , Cammarata Matteo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTTwo distinct Ciona intestinalis phenoloxidases (CinPO1, 2) had previously been cloned and sequenced. The CinPO2 is involved in innate immunity and is expressed by inflammatory hemocytes that populate the tunic and pharynx vessels as a response to LPS inoculation. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assays on histological section, showed that the expression of this gene and the produced protein are shared with oogenesis, embryogenesis and larval morphogenesis. Intriguingly, upregulation of gene transcription was found in the test cell layer that envelopes the ovary follicle, ovulated egg, and gastrula, as well as it was modulated in the zygotic nucleus of outer balstomers of 32‐cell embryo, neurula presumptive epidermis tissue and larval mesenchyme. The anti‐CinPO2 antibodies, specific for adult inflammatory cells, recognize epitopes in the cytoplasm of ovarian oocytes, ovulated eggs, development stages and larval mesenchyme. The overall findings disclose the precocious activation of the CinPO2 immunity‐related gene, and show a developmentally programmed expression of this phenoloxidase. Furthermore, these findings support the multifunctional roles of immunity‐related genes and allows us to explore new perspectives on ascidian development and immunity. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 141–151, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spinal neuronal activation during locomotor‐like activity enabled by epidural stimulation and 5‐hydroxytryptamine agonists in spinal rats
Authors: Duru Paul O. , Tillakaratne Niranjala J.K. , Kim Jung A. , Zhong Hui , Stauber Stacey M. , Pham Trinh T. , Xiao Mei S. , Edgerton V. Reggie , Roy Roland R. 
Published: March 2015

The neural networks that generate stepping in complete spinal adult rats remain poorly defined. To address this problem, we used c‐fos (an activity‐dependent marker) to identify active interneurons and motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of adult spinal rats during a 30‐min bout of bipedal stepping. Spinal rats were either step trained (30 min/day, 3 days/week, for 7.5 weeks) or not step trained. Stepping was enabled by epidural stimulation and the administration of the serotonergic agonists quipazine and 8‐OHDPAT. A third group of spinal rats served as untreated (no stimulation, drugs, or stepping) controls. The numbers of activated cholinergic central canal cluster cells and partition neurons were higher in both step‐trained and nontrained rats than in untreated rats and were higher in nontrained than in step‐trained rats. The latter finding suggests that daily treatment with epidural stimulation plus serotonergic agonist treatment without step training enhances the excitability of a broader cholinergic interneuronal population than does step training. The numbers of activated interneurons in laminae II–VI of lumbar cross‐sections were higher in both step‐trained and nontrained rats than in untreated rats, and they were highest in step‐trained rats. This finding suggests that this population of interneurons is responsive to epidural stimulation plus serotonergic treatment and that load‐bearing induced when stepping has an additive effect. The numbers of activated motoneurons of all size categories were higher in the step‐trained group than in the other two groups, reflecting a strong effect of loading on motoneuron recruitment. In general, these results indicate that the spinal networks for locomotion are similar with and without brain input. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Significance: We identified neurons within the spinal cord networks that are activated during assisted stepping in paraplegic rats. We stimulated the spinal cord and administered a drug to help the rats step. One group was trained to step and another was not trained. We observed a lower percentage of activated neurons in specific spinal cord regions in trained rats than in nontrained rats after a 1‐hr stepping bout, suggesting that step training reduces activation of some types of spinal neurons. This observation indicates that training makes the spinal networks more efficient and suggests a “learning” phenomenon in the spinal cord without any brain input.
Microgeographic adaptation to toxic cyanobacteria in two aquatic grazers
Authors: Jiang Xiaodong , Liang Huishuang , Chen Ying , Xu Xing , Huang Di 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe hypothesis that zooplankton display local adaptations to toxic cyanobacteria was tested by investigating the performance of 24 clones from six populations of the large‐bodied Daphnia pulex and 13 clones from four populations of the small‐bodied Chydorus sphaericus. They were fed a pure nutritious green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa (good food) and a mixed diet with a toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (poor food). The grazer performances feeding on the poor food significantly differed among their populations over a small geographic scale (7–10 km for D. pulex and 15–20 km for C. sphaericus). Both the absolute tolerance (performance on poor food) and relative tolerance (performance on poor food relative to good food) to toxic M. aeruginosa were enhanced with increasing microcystin concentrations in the sediments and finally reached the maximum values. Additionally, the significant food × clone interactions indicated that phenotypic plasticity in response to toxic cyanobacteria had a genetic basis in two grazers. The significant food × population interactions and correlations between growth plasticity and microcystin concentrations indicated that this phenotypic plasticity evolved across grazer populations. The reduced plasticity was evidenced by both the reduced slope of reaction norms and the enhanced mean performance for both diets. D. pulex had more evolutionary potential for the reduced plasticity than C. sphaericus. These results suggest that zooplankton populations developed evolutionary tolerance to toxic cyanobacteria on a microgeographic level.
Trophic discrimination of nitrogen stable isotopes in amino acids varies with diet quality in a marine fish
Authors: McMahon Kelton W. , Thorrold Simon R. , Elsdon Travis S. , McCarthy Matthew D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAnalysis of individual amino acid (AA) δ15N values is increasingly common in studies of food web architecture, movement ecology, and biogeochemical cycling. However, observations that nitrogen isotope fractionation of AAs may vary across species and trophic positions (TP) complicate the application of compound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) in studies of aquatic food webs. We reared a common estuarine fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) on four diets to test the hypothesis that diet composition significantly affects AA trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) derived from normalizing fractionation of trophic AAs to the canonical source AA phenylalanine. Phenylalanine showed little trophic fractionation regardless of diet composition, confirming its use as a proxy for δ15N values at the base of food webs. However, TDF values showed significant negative relationships with two important measures of diet quality, protein content and AA imbalance between diet and consumer. As a result, consumers feeding on high protein diets with AA compositions matching their own had significantly lower TDF values than previous literature values, while consumers feeding on contrasting low quality diets had significantly higher TDF values than previously reported. Our results provide an explanation for the apparent relationship between TDF value and TP, and highlight a significant limitation when using a single TDF value among all trophic transfers within a food web. Accurate determination of TPs using CSIA will likely require multiple TDF values across trophic levels or further exploration of other trophic AAs, such as proline, that may show less variation in TDF with diet composition than glutamic acid.