bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of low DICER expression regulated by miR-130a in cervical cancer
Authors: He L , Wang H-Y , Zhang L , Huang L , Li J-D , Xiong Y , Zhang M-Y , Jia W-H , Yun J-P , Luo R-Z , Zheng M 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDicer is crucial for the maturation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and its dysregulation may contribute to tumor initiation and progression. The study explored the clinical implications of Dicer and its post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs in cervical cancer. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry investigated Dicer mRNA and protein levels in cervical cancer tissues. The relationship between Dicer expression and survival was analyzed. MiRNA target prediction identified miRNAs that might target Dicer. Luciferase reporter and gain- or loss-of-function assays were performed. The results showed that 36.7% of cervical cancer cases showed low expression of Dicer mRNA and 63.3% cases showed high expression. At the protein level, 51% cases showed negative expression and 49% cases showed positive expression. Dicer mRNA and protein expressions were significantly associated with distant metastasis and recurrence in cervical cancer (P=0.002 and P=0.012, respectively). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that low Dicer expression (P=0.016) and tumor stage (P=0.047) were independent predictors. Among the miRNAs predicted to target Dicer, 10 were detected by RT-PCR; their expressions were significantly higher in cervical cancers with lower Dicer expression than in those with higher Dicer expression and were negatively correlated with Dicer expression level (P<0.05). In vitro experiments demonstrated that miR-130a directly targeted Dicer mRNA to enhance migration and invasion in SiHa cells. Finally, survival analysis indicated that higher expression of miR-130a was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival. Taken together, Dicer expression regulated by miR-130a is an important potential prognostic factor in cervical cancer.
Combined inhibition of caspase 3 and caspase 7 by two highly selective DARPins slows down cellular demise
Authors: Flütsch Andreas , Ackermann Rafael , Schroeder Thilo , Lukarska Maria , Hausammann Georg J. , Weinert Christopher , Briand Christophe , Grütter Markus G. 
Published: May 2014

Caspases play important roles during apoptosis, inflammation and proliferation. The high homology among family members makes selective targeting of individual caspases difficult, which is necessary to precisely define the role of these enzymes. We have selected caspase-7-specific binders from a library of DARPins (designed ankyrin repeat proteins). The DARPins D7.18 and D7.43 bind specifically to procaspase 7 and active caspase 7, but not to other members of the family. Binding of the DARPins does not affect the active enzyme, but interferes with its activation by other caspases. The crystal structure of the caspase 7–D7.18 complex elucidates the high selectivity and the mode of inhibition. Combining these caspase-7-specific DARPins with the previously reported caspase-3-inhibitory DARPin D3.4S76R reduces the activity of caspase 3 and 7 in double-transfected HeLa cells during apoptosis. In addition, these cells showed less susceptibility to TRAIL (tumour-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)-induced apoptosis in living cell experiments. D7.18 and D7.43 are therefore novel tools for in vitro studies on procaspase 7 activation as well as for clarifying the role of its activation in different cellular processes. If applied in combination with D3.4S76R, they represent an excellent instrument to increase our understanding of these enzymes during various cellular processes.
Fabrication and characterisation of ultrafine leather powder: a functional reinforcement containing SiO2 particles
Authors: Li Chongyi , Xue Feng , Ding Enyong 
Published: May 2014

The water‐based dispersion of ultrafine leather fibres was firstly prepared in the authors' laboratory by high‐pressure homogenisation. The hybridisation method of ultrafine leather fibres and SiO2 particles was used to eliminate the serious agglomeration of ultrafine leather fibres, and finally the dry hybrid leather powder (HLP) was obtained successfully. The morphology of the HLP was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micrograph of SEM revealed that the leather fibres were coated with a layer of scattered SiO2 particles and still maintained their intrinsic fibrous structures. Surface element analysis (energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry) confirmed that the SiO2 particles were anchored on the surface of the leather fibres. Furthermore, the formation of bonding effect between the leather fibres and the SiO2 particles was also demonstrated by X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry measurement. The obtained leather fibres were observed to be approximately less than 30 μm in length and 70 nm in width. X‐ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were also used to investigate the characterisation of ultrafine leather powders, and one of the results showed that the HLP had greater thermal stability than leather shavings.
Perioperative care
Authors: David Cain , Mark Edwards , Hamilton Mark , Freeman Nikki , Myles Paul , Tolchard Steve , Older Paul 
Published: May 2014

AbstractModern anaesthesia requires an appreciation of the potential to reduce perioperative complications through improved pre-assessment, risk stratification, individualised anaesthetic techniques and appropriate interpretation and response to intraoperative clinical signs and advanced monitoring. This chapter contains detailed discussion of cases relating to cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) (case 2.3), intraoperative fluid management (case 2.1) and the prevention of accidental awareness under general anaesthesia (AAGA) (case 2.2). CPET allows objective testing of cardiopulmonary reserve prior to the stress of major surgery; the data produced enables patients and anaesthetists to make informed choices about perioperative management. This case describes the physiological principles and growing evidence base supporting its use. Intraoperative fluid management, and advanced monitors to direct it are the subject of increasing focus in modern anaesthesia. This case highlights the importance of understanding the strengths and limitations of the technology now available. AAGA (accidental awareness during general anaesthesia) is a highly feared complication of anaesthesia, both by patients and anaesthetists. This case discusses identifying those at risk, techniques to prevent AAGA and principles of managing cases when they arise.
Laparoscopic and bariatric surgery
Authors: Middleditch Alex , Athanassoglou Vassilis , Miller Timothy E. , Savic Louise , Bellamy Mark C. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Anaesthetic practice must evolve in response to developments in surgical techniques; the expansions in use of laparoscopic approaches and bariatric surgery are two such areas explored by the cases in this chapter. Laparoscopic surgical techniques may reduce the stress response to surgery and as part of an enhanced recovery program may reduce hospital stays and the morbidity associated with surgery. Anaesthetic techniques must be adapted to accommodate the physiological consequences of the pneumoperitoneum, and anaesthetists must be aware of and confident to manage the potential intraoperative complications. Case 3.1 discusses anaesthesia for a laparoscopic colectomy. Anaesthesia for bariatric surgery (such as gastroplasty or gastric banding), as described in case 3.2, provides multiple challenges arising from the physiological changes found in the morbidly obese, potentially difficult airway management and drug dosing, and management of associated comorbidities.
Obstetric anaesthesia
Authors: Syme Phoebe , Bogod David , Hurford Dom , Howell Paul 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObstetric anaesthesia provides unique challenges to the anaesthetist, especially those relating to the sometimes conflicting needs of the mother and fetus. This chapter discusses in depth the management of obstetric haemorrhage (case 5.1), and the Category 1 emergency caesarean section (CS) (case 5.2). Antepartum obstetric haemorrhage (due to placenta praevia or placental abruption) requires carefully planned and coordinated team management. The anaesthetist has a key role in ensuring maternal safety through appropriate selection of anaesthetic technique, and planning the response to ongoing haemorrhage. Bleeding during caesarean section may be rapid and life-threatening, management requires knowledge of strategic blood product administration, blood conservation techniques, pharmacological treatment for uterine atony and the surgical techniques which may be deployed. The category 1 CS places the anaesthetist under considerable pressure, and requires anaesthesia in a potentially challenging situation of a complex patient whom the anaesthetist has only just met. Anticipation of complications is key to ensure good outcome for mother and baby.
Multiple trauma
Authors: Sampson Caroline , Parr Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCase 8.1 describes in detail the assessment and management of a multiply injured patient from their arrival in the emergency department through to their intraoperative period and postoperative care. Challenges encountered at every stage are discussed and key learning points explored. The primary survey is a structured assessment of the trauma patient which identifies immediately life-threatening injuries, and expedites their management. Intraosseous cannulation has emerged as a useful strategy for vascular access in trauma. Careful fluid resuscitation, airway management and induction of anaesthesia are essential to prevent avoidable complications of trauma. FAST scanning and/or early CT imaging are key investigations to plan management. Anticipation of physiological responses to trauma, application of lessons learnt from the battlefield and close cooperation with surgeons to help stage definitive repair are part of a team approach to the trauma patient.
Cardiac disease and anaesthesia
Authors: DeVile Michael , Foex Pierre , Jackson Robert , Nolan Jerry 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Anaesthetists have a key role in preventing cardiac complications during the perioperative period, but now are also increasingly involved in supporting patients who have suffered spontaneous acute cardiac events. Case 9.1 discusses the increasingly common situation of a patient with coronary stents in situ presenting for unrelated surgery. It is essential for anaesthetists to understand the implications of the presence of these devices and how this may impact on their anaesthetic techniques. A key issue is appropriate management of antiplatelet medication; this case describes the issues in depth and demonstrates the potential consequences of poor management. Patients suffering out of hospital arrest, as described in case 9.2, are increasingly seen as treatable – such aggressive management requires familiarity and quick decision making by the anaesthetic team. Expeditious stabilisation in the emergency department and transfer to the coronary catheter laboratory whilst implementing a neuroprotective strategy may significantly impact on neurological recovery.
A tight scaling relation of dark matter in galaxy clusters
Authors: Chan Man Ho 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Recent studies in different types of galaxies reveal that the product of the central density and the core radius (ρcrc) is a constant. However, some empirical studies involving galaxy clusters suggest that the product ρcrc depends weakly on the total dark halo mass. In this Letter, we re-analyse the hot gas data from 106 clusters and obtain a surprisingly tight scaling relation: $\rho _{\rm c} \propto r_{\rm c}^{-1.46 \pm 0.16}$. This result generally agrees with the claims that ρcrc is not a constant for all scales of structure. Moreover, this relation does not support the velocity-dependent cross-section of dark matter if the core formation is due to the self-interaction of dark matter.
Spectroscopy of the enigmatic short-period cataclysmic variable IR Com in an extended low state
Authors: Manser C. J. , Gänsicke B. T. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We report the occurrence of a deep low state in the eclipsing short-period cataclysmic variable (CV) IR Com, lasting more than two years. Spectroscopy obtained in this state shows the system as a detached white dwarf plus low-mass companion, indicating that accretion has practically ceased. The spectral type of the companion derived from the SDSS spectrum is M6–7, somewhat later than expected for the orbital period of IR Com. Its radial velocity amplitude, K2 = 419.6 ± 3.4 km s−1, together with the inclination of 75°–90° implies 0.8 &lt; Mwd &lt;1.0 M⊙. We estimate the white dwarf temperature to be ≃15 000 K, and the absence of Zeeman splitting in the Balmer lines rules out magnetic fields in excess of ≃5 MG. IR Com still defies an unambiguous classification, in particular the occurrence of a deep, long low state is so far unique among short-period CVs that are not strongly magnetic.
Determination of Tert‐Butylhydroquinone in Vegetable Oils Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Pan Yun , Lai Keqiang , Fan Yuxia , Li Chunying , Pei Lu , Rasco Barbara A. , Huang Yiqun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMonitoring the level of tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a permissible antioxidant additive in edible vegetable oils in many countries, is important to ensure that oils and products that contain them comply with the relevant import regulations. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology coupled with chemometric methods including partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM) regression was applied to determine levels of TBHQ in spiked corn oils (0 to 500 mg/kg, n = 40) and commercial vegetable oils (0 to 99.7 mg/kg, n = 25). The lowest detectable concentration was 5 mg/L for TBHQ in standard solutions and 10 mg/kg of TBHQ in vegetable oils from various plant sources. The TBHQ levels predicted by the PLS or SVM model had a high correlation with actual TBHQ levels in commercial oil samples (SVM: R2 = 0.972, ratio of performance to deviation [RPD] = 5.55, root mean square error [RMSE] = 5.73 mg/kg; PLS: R2 = 0.976, RPD = 6.43, RMSE = 4.94 mg/kg), indicating great potential of SERS methods for detection and quantification of TBHQ in oils from a variety of sources.
A Survey on Position‐Based Simulation Methods in Computer Graphics
Authors: Bender Jan , Müller Matthias , Otaduy Miguel A. , Teschner Matthias , Macklin Miles 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe dynamic simulation of mechanical effects has a long history in computer graphics. The classical methods in this field discretize Newton's second law in a variety of Lagrangian or Eulerian ways, and formulate forces appropriate for each mechanical effect: joints for rigid bodies; stretching, shearing or bending for deformable bodies and pressure, or viscosity for fluids, to mention just a few. In the last years, the class of position‐based methods has become popular in the graphics community. These kinds of methods are fast, stable and controllable which make them well‐suited for use in interactive environments. Position‐based methods are not as accurate as force‐based methods in general but they provide visual plausibility. Therefore, the main application areas of these approaches are virtual reality, computer games and special effects in movies. This state‐of‐the‐art report covers the large variety of position‐based methods that were developed in the field of physically based simulation. We will introduce the concept of position‐based dynamics, present dynamic simulation based on shape matching and discuss data‐driven upsampling approaches. Furthermore, we will present several applications for these methods.
Capsule endoscopy in diagnosis of small bowel diseases: a health technology assessment
Authors: Li Xiang Lian , Shen Jian Tong , Li You Ping , Tang Cheng Wei , Huang Li Bin , Li Cui Cui , Yu Jia Jie , Wang Ying Jiang , Yang Zong Xia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesCapsule endoscopy (CE) has been widely used in the diagnosis of small bowel disease (SBD) in the world. To bring CE into the national health insurance directory, and intensify its popularization in primary hospital, the government needs high‐quality HTA evidence for decision makers. We were appointed by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, economy, and applicability of CE in the diagnosis of SBD, to provide the best currently available evidence for decision making.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library (Issue 8, 2013), PubMed, EMbase, INAHTA, VIP, CBM, CNKI and WanFang Data. All confirmed or suspected SBD patients with diagnosis by CE versus other alternative therapies were considered. Health technology assessments (HTAs), systematic reviews (SRs), meta‐analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), guidelines and economic studies were included. Two investigators selected studies, assessed the quality and extracted data independently, and a descriptive analysis was used.ResultsWe included 4 HTAs, 11 SRs/meta‐analyses, 2 RCTs, 5 guidelines, and 10 economic studies for assessment. The results showed that the disease detection rate of CE was higher than that of many other traditional technologies and that the main adverse event for CE was retention (0.7% to 3.0%). These results were consistent with those of the guidelines. Comprehensive results of economic studies showed the superiority of CE compared with other technologies. As the first choice, CE can decrease potential costs, especially when used in outpatients.Conclusions(i) CE has advantages in diagnostic yield, safety, and cost in the diagnosis of SBD, but some limitations exist. It still needs more high‐quality evidence on CE diagnosis accuracy. (ii) When the government approves the introduction of CE in a hospital, many factors must be considered, such as the local disease burden, clinical demand, ability to pay, and staff. At the same time, it is necessary to standardize training for operating physicians, to reduce economic losses caused by poor technical ability of the medical staff.
A systematic assessment of the quality of systematic reviews/meta‐analyses in radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yingqiang , Luo Qianqian , Li Youping , Deng Shaolin , Li Xianglian , Wei Shiyou 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe systematic reviews (SRs) of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus hepatic resection (HR) for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing with varies qualities. The aim of this study is to evaluate quality and their impacts on outcomes of these studies.MethodsWe searched six databases and five official websites to find the SRs of RFA versus HR for early HCC. The Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ), the Cochrane Collaboration's tool, and modified MINORS score were applied to assess their quality for SRs, randomized (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (NRCTs), respectively.ResultsNineteen SRs were included. The results showed that the overall quality was poor, with a mean OQAQ score of 3.3 and 95%CI 2.6 to 4.1, only five (26.3%) SRs were good quality, six (31.6%) misused the statistical models, and three of them changed outcome direction after modification. Five SRs taken retrospective studies as RCT. In addition, a total of 39 primary studies referenced by these 19 SRs were included. The results showed that 3 RCTs were leveled grade B, and 35 NRCTs were of moderate quality, with an estimated mean MINORS score of 15.0 and 95%CI 14.6 to 15.4.ConclusionsThe overall quality of SRs comparing the effects between RFA and HR for early HCC was poor. There was high heterogeneity and low evidence level. Physicians should take caution when applying the results from these studies to their clinical practice.
Sleep Duration in Midlife and Later Life in Relation to Cognition
Authors: Devore Elizabeth E. , Grodstein Francine , Duffy Jeanne F. , Stampfer Meir J. , Czeisler Charles A. , Schernhammer Eva S. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate associations between sleep duration at midlife and later life and change in sleep duration over time and cognition in older women.DesignParticipants reported sleep duration in 1986 and 2000, and a subgroup of older participants began cognitive testing in 1995 to 2001; follow‐up testing was conducted three times, at 2‐year intervals.SettingProspective Nurses' Health Study cohort.ParticipantsFemale nurses aged 70 and older free of stroke and depression at the initial cognitive assessment (N = 15,385).MeasurementsValidated, telephone‐based cognitive battery to measure cognitive function; four repeated assessments over 6 years were averaged to estimate overall cognition at older ages, and trajectories of cognitive change were evaluated over follow up.ResultsExtreme sleep durations in later life were associated with worse average cognition (P < .001 for the quadratic term for a global score averaging all six cognitive tests). For example, women sleeping 5 h/d or less had worse global cognition than those sleeping 7 h/d, as did women sleeping 9 h/d or more; differences were equivalent to nearly 2 additional years of age. Associations were similar, although slightly attenuated, for sleep duration in midlife. Women whose sleep duration changed by 2 h/d or more over time had worse cognition than women with no change in sleep duration (e.g., for the global score, P < .001 for the quadratic term). Sleep duration was not associated with trajectories of cognitive function over 6 years, which might be attributable to short follow‐up for detecting cognitive decline.ConclusionExtreme sleep durations at midlife and later life and extreme changes in sleep duration over time appear to be associated with poor cognition in older women.
New Oral Anticoagulants in Elderly Adults: Evidence from a Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Sardar Partha , Chatterjee Saurav , Chaudhari Shobhana , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in elderly adults.DesignMeta‐analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs).SettingPubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched from January 1, 2001, through March 30, 2013.ParticipantsElderly population (≥75) in RCTs comparing NOACs (rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran) with conventional therapy.MeasurementsTwo authors reviewed the trials, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effects model.ResultsTen RCTs included 25,031 elderly participants. Risk of major or clinically relevant bleeding was not significantly different between NOACs and conventional therapy in elderly adults (OR = 1.02, 95% confidence interval = 0.73–1.43). Similar results were observed when comparing NOACs and pharmacologically active agents. In atrial fibrillation (AF) trials, NOACs were more effective than conventional therapy in prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in an elderly population with AF. In non‐AF trials, NOACs also had a significantly lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or VTE‐related death than conventional therapy in elderly adults. Analysis for individual NOACs showed that the NOAC was noninferior or more effective than conventional therapy for efficacy and safety outcomes.ConclusionIn participants of clinical trials aged 75 and older, NOACs did not cause excess bleeding and were associated with equal or greater efficacy than conventional therapy.