bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Biologic DMARDS Identifies Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with More Optimistic Expectations of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Goodman Susan M. , Mandl Lisa A. , Figgie Mark , Johnson Beverly K. , Alexiades Michael , Ghomrawi Hassan 
Published: February 2014

Background Preoperative expectations of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) correlate with postsurgical satisfaction, and are linked to outcomes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and other chronic diseases, may lower expectations, although new biologic medications have greatly enhanced patients’ quality of life. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study is to compare preoperative expectations of RA to those of matched osteoarthritis (OA) patients undergoing TKA, and examine the subset of RA on biologic DMARD therapy. Methods For a cross-sectional study, RA and OA identified from an institutional TKA registry were matched on age, sex, prior TKA, and preoperative function. Expectations were measured using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Expectations Survey. Expectations and quality of life measures were assessed preoperatively and scores were compared between RA and OA. Results One hundred fourteen RA cases, 46.5% on biologics, were matched to 228 OA cases. The average expectations score was not significantly lower for RA compared to OA (72.9 ± 20.7 vs. 77.2 ± 18.3, p = 0.040. RA on biologics had expectations similar to OA (total expectation score 76.3 ± 18.1 vs. 77.4 ± 17.4, p = 0.71), while RA not on biologics had expectations that were significantly lower (69.9 ± 22.4 vs. 77.1 ± 19.0, p = 0.03). Conclusion Use of biologics in RA patients was associated with higher expectations, similar to those of OA patients, but the effect on outcomes is not known. Further studies should assess the effect of higher expectations in RA patients on outcomes.
Adherence to Therapy after Flexor Tendon Surgery at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Toker Serdar , Oak Nikhil , Williams Allison , Ipaktchi Kyros , Ozer Kagan 
Published: February 2014

Background Nonadherence to postoperative therapy protocols can adversely affect the outcome after flexor tendon surgery. In this study, we hypothesize that patients with partial or no insurance coverage for their aftercare are less likely to attend postoperative therapy sessions and have a higher incidence of a poorer outcome than those who have full insurance coverage. Methods We analyzed 159 patients with flexor tendon injuries at a level 1 trauma center. Demographic variables along with the clinical outcome data were collected and cross-tabulated. Associations among descriptive and clinical variables were assessed using Fisher's Exact tests and chi-square analyses. Comparisons for continuous variables were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results Eighteen patients (11.3 %) had an injury in zone 1, followed by 68 (42.8 %) in zone 2, 15 (9.4 %) in zone 3, 9 (5.7 %) in zone 4, 38 (23.9 %) in zone 5, and 11 (6.9 %) in zone 6. Patients completed 8.2 therapy sessions on average. Patients had state assistance program (40.3 %), private insurance (35.2 %), Medicaid/Medicare (11.3 %), worker's compensation (8.8 %) insurance, or paid themselves (13.2 %). Fifty-three (33.3 %) patients had excellent outcomes, 46 (29 %) had good, 40 (25 %) had fair, and 20 (12.5 %) had a poor outcome. Patients responsible to pay for their aftercare were significantly less likely to be adherent to therapy and had poorer outcomes than those with full coverage. Conclusion Patients responsible for the pay of their postoperative rehabilitation are less likely to participate in therapy and may be at a higher risk of having a poor outcome.
Dose‐dependent attenuation of intravenous nalbuphine on epidural morphine‐induced pruritus and analgesia after cesarean delivery
Authors: Chen Mao‐Kai , Chau Siu‐Wah , Shen Ya‐Chun , Sun Yu‐Ning , Tseng Kuang‐Yi , Long Chen‐Yu , Feng Yu‐Tung , Cheng Kuang‐I 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEpidural morphine in patient‐controlled analgesia regimens controls postoperative pain well but easily induces pruritus and other epidural morphine‐related side effects. With 90 pregnant American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II females scheduled for elective cesarean delivery, the present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of patient‐controlled antipruritus (PCP) use of intravenous nalbuphine‐based regimens for attenuation of postoperative pruritus and related side effects in combination with epidural morphine patient‐controlled analgesia with regard to the quality of postoperative pain management. Patients were randomly assigned to two nalbuphine groups (5 μg/kg/hour, Group N5 or 10 μg/kg/hour, Group N10) and bolus dose of 1.6 μg/kg for PCP or the control (normal saline) group. Comparable visual analog scale scores for rest pain at each measured time interval among the three groups demonstrated that adequate pain relief was offered; however, the cumulative dose of nalbuphine administered to the patients in Group N10 attenuated the analgesic effect of epidural morphine in moving pain at POh24 only. Fewer episodes and milder severity of pruritus were observed in patients in Groups N5 and N10 at all postoperative time intervals. Epidural morphine provided good postoperative pain relief but with incommodious side effects. In addition, intravenous nalbuphine not only attenuated the incidence of pruritus but also decreased total morphine consumption. In conclusion, intravenous administration of low‐dose nalbuphine (5 μg/kg/hour) for PCP maintained analgesia produced by epidural morphine and offered low pruritus incidence.
MULTIPLICATIVE SUB-HODGE STRUCTURES OF CONJUGATE VARIETIES
Authors: SCHREIEDER STEFAN 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFor any subfield $K\subseteq \mathbb{C}$, not contained in an imaginary quadratic extension of $\mathbb{Q}$, we construct conjugate varieties whose algebras of $K$-rational ($p,p$)-classes are not isomorphic. This compares to the Hodge conjecture which predicts isomorphisms when $K$ is contained in an imaginary quadratic extension of $\mathbb{Q}$; additionally, it shows that the complex Hodge structure on the complex cohomology algebra is not invariant under the Aut($\mathbb{C}$)-action on varieties. In our proofs, we find simply connected conjugate varieties whose multilinear intersection forms on $H^{2}(-,\mathbb{R})$ are not (weakly) isomorphic. Using these, we detect nonhomeomorphic conjugate varieties for any fundamental group and in any birational equivalence class of dimension $\geq $10.
Strategies for anti-coccidial prophylaxis
Authors: WITCOMBE DAVID M. , SMITH NICHOLAS C. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYCoccidiosis, a serious disease resulting from infection with parasitic protozoa of the genusEimeria, causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry, where intensive rearing facilitates transmission of infectious oocysts via the fecal/oral route. Current control relies primarily on prophylactic drugs in feed but, whilst cost effective, the rise of drug resistance and public demands for residue-free meat has encouraged development of alternative control strategies. Chickens that recover from infection withEimeriadevelop solid immunity that is directed against the early asexual stages of the parasite life cycle. This has allowed development of a number of vaccines that utilize deliberate infection with controlled doses of virulent oocysts or reproductively attenuated lines ofEimeria.The latter are immunogenic but non-pathogenic. The realization that both prophylactic drugs and attenuated vaccines control but do not eradicate infection withEimeriaencouraged development of a vaccine based upon maternal immunity. Laying hens exposed toEimeriaare able to transfer protective antibodies to hatchlings via egg yolks and these antibodies have been used to identify parasite proteins that are conserved across the genus. When delivered maternally, these provide an economical means of preventing coccidiosis, offering immediate protection to newly hatched chicks.
Resharpening and Recycling of Flint Bifacial Tools from the Southern Levant Neolithic and Chalcolithic
Authors: Barkai Ran 
Published: February 2014

This paper attempts at reconstructing the life cycle of flint bifacial tools in two major technological trajectories, each aimed at a different end. It is focused on discarded polished flint bifacial tools (axe, adze, chisel) and bifacial polished debitage items found in Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites (9th–6th millennium BP) from the Southern Levant.Recent studies of Holocene flint assemblages revealed special types of debitage items such as blades, flakes, cores and core trimming elements, all bearing traces of polish. The discovery of these polished debitage items in Levantine sites enabled a study of bifacial tool resharpening and recycling techniques, emphasising the exceptional attention paid to this tool category. Since polished bifacial tools appear in many old world Holocene archaeological contexts, the data and interpretation presented in this study have implications far beyond the Southern Levant and could relate to universal technological properties of flint axes and other bifacial tools.
Long Barrows and Neolithic Elongated Enclosures in Lincolnshire: An Analysis of the Air Photographic Evidence
Authors: Jones Dilwyn 
Published: February 2014

The long barrows of Lincolnshire have been the subject of long-term but intermittent interest. One aspect not investigated hitherto is the air photographic evidence for plough-levelled long barrows. Recently completed mapping work in the county by the Aerial Survey section of the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME), as part of the National Mapping Programme, has made possible the analysis of the air photographic evidence. This article presents an evaluation of that evidence and considers its significance in terms of the Neolithic of the region.A comprehensive survey of air photo collections has dramatically increased the number of long barrows known in the county, identifying over 50 examples of levelled sites. The majority are found on the chalk Wolds where the dozen surviving earthwork monuments are located. The distribution of long barrows in the county may now be extended onto the Jurassic Limestone ridge to the west where five examples have been recorded. The Lincolnshire long barrow enclosures have three categories of shape; oval, trapeziform, and oblong. The ditch plan is predominantly full-enclosing, and is found as the distinct form in the eastern region of England. The morphology and dimensions of two sites suggests they may have been a long mortuary enclosure or short cursus.At Harlaxton in the southern Limestone a long barrow enclosure forms part of an extensive later Neolithic ritual complex which incorporates a multiple pit-alignment as a principal component. The form of the complex appears to be unique and underlines the importance of Harlaxton as an inter-regional link.
The Public Forum and the Space Between: the Materiality of Social Strategy in the Irish Neolithic
Authors: Fraser Shannon Marguerite 
Published: February 2014

Framed within an interpretive, humanistic ‘archaeology of inhabitance’, the study explores the means by which a social, intellectual order particular to time and place is embedded within the material universe. Through the mediation of the human body, natural and architectural space is considered to be a medium for the production and reproduction of social relations. The specific materiality of places inhabited in the past is explored in detail, focusing on possibilities for and constraints upon the body and the senses.The phenomenon of monumentality at the Loughcrew passage tomb cemetery in east-central Ireland is considered in the context of changing narratives of place and biographies of person and landscape. In contrast to many previous studies, the focus is upon engagement with the exterior spaces of the complex: the more frequent and larger-scale involvement of the communal body in these ‘public’ spaces will have played a critical role in the validation of knowledges and claims to authority which a more restricted group will have articulated within the confines of tomb chambers and passages.The earlier tombs draw out qualities latent within the landscape, placing particular emphasis on prior, natural boundaries. Through time, the regionalisation of the Loughcrew hills acquires increasing architectural definition, by means of which a series of interconnecting spaces emerge at a much more human scale. The latest architectural and spatial developments may well form part of material strategies through which were engendered particular structures of authority carrying the potential for substantially heightened individual prominence within increasingly exclusive kinship solidarities. Ultimately, mediation between the physical and metaphysical elements of existence may be controlled with reference to distinct lines of descent rather than to a more generalised ancestral community. At the same time, the range of hills is gradually transformed from a meaningful locus which conceals within it the human efforts of monumental construction, to a landscape that derives its significance from massive summit cairns visible from considerable distances. This appropriative transformation may be seen as a material strategy which moves communities' conceptions of existence from an integrated, cultural whole in which people and landscape are embedded in each other, towards a vision of individuals and places as increasingly separate and self-contained.
Leskernick: Stone Worlds; Alternative Narratives; Nested Landscapes
Authors: Bender Barbara , Hamilton Sue , Tilley Christopher 
Published: February 2014

The first season of an on-going project focused on Leskernick Hill, north-west Bodmin Moor, Cornwall, entailed a preliminary settlement survey and limited excavation of a stone row terminal. Leskernick comprises a western and a southern settlement situated on the lower, stony slopes of the hill and including 51 circular stone houses constructed using a variety of building techniques. Walled fields associated with these houses vary in size from 0.25–1 ha and appear to have accreted in a curvilinear fashion from a number of centres. Five smal burial mounds and a cist are associated with the southern settlement, all but one lying around the periphery of the field system. The western settlement includes ‘cairn-like’ piles of stones within and between some houses and some hut circles may have been converted into cairns. The settlements may have been built sequentially but the layout of each adheres to a coherent design suggesting a common broad phase of use. The southern settlement overlooks a stone-free plain containing a ceremonial complex.The paper presents a narrative account of the work and considers not only the form, function, and chronology of the sites at Leskernick but also seeks to explore the relationships between people and the landscape they inhabit; the prehistoric symbolic continuum from house to field to stone row etc, and to investigate the relationship between archaeology as a discourse on the past and archaeology as practice in the present. It considers how the daily process of excavation generates alternative site histories which are subsequently abandoned, forgotten, perpetuated or transformed.
Patterns of the peasant landscape
Authors: Waterbolk H. T. 
Published: February 2014

In a slightly different form this paper was given as the Europa Lecture for 1994The subject of this contribution is the origin of the diversity in the 19th century peasant landscape in the northern Netherlands. The first goal of the paper is to introduce a British audience to a line of research, which so far has been mainly reported on in Dutch and German. The second goal is to lay my finger on some basic properties of peasant landscapes elsewhere in the world. The third goal of my efforts in landscape archaeology is to identify ancient structures in today's landscape, which explain their identity, and to present this information to all those who are concerned with landscape conservation and landscape planning in the study area.
Mortuary Ritual of 4th Millennium bc Malta: the Zebbug Period Chambered Tomb from the Brochtorff Circle at Xaghra (Gozo)
Authors: Malone Caroline , Stoddart Simon , Bonanno Anthony , Gouder Tancred , Trump David , Barber Geraldine , Brown Carol , Dixon John , Duhig Corinne , Leighton Robert , Schembri Patrick 
Published: February 2014

As part of the research of the joint Anglo-Maltese project on the island of Gozo, a Zebbug period rock-cut tomb was discovered in the south-east corner of the Brochtorff Circle. The integrity of this tomb and the interdisciplinary approach applied to its study make it a unique find from the Maltese islands and rare within the southern central Mediterranean.The article presents the stratigraphy, pottery, stone, shell and bone artefacts, skeletal remains, animal bone, molluscan samples, and radiocarbon dates from the tomb. At the same time the significance of the tomb for the formative phases of collective burial, exchange and symbolic processes in the central Mediterranean and the origins of Maltese insularity is explained.
Pathways to World Prehistory Presidential Address 1994
Authors: Harris David R. 
Published: February 2014

Several previous Presidents, most notably Professor Sir Grahame Clark, have stressed in their presidential addresses the worldwide scope of our subject; but so far only one, my distinguished predecessor, Thurstan Shaw, has chosen to speak mainly about the prehistory of a non-European part of the world, in his case Africa (Shaw 1990). My aim today is to develop this theme by exploring three pathways to world prehistory: first, the pathway followed by the Society itself; second, the pathway that led humanity to people the world's continents; and third, the pathway that links prehistoric archaeology to the concerns of the modern world. This agenda may appear unrealistically ambitious for a short address, but, by briefly considering these three inter-twined pathways, I hope to show that the study of prehistory is not only worthwhile for its own sake, but that it also has direct relevance to the social and political problems of our late 20th century world.On the occasion of our 50th Anniversary Conference, held in Norwich in March 1985, Grahame Clark described the eventful history of the Society, and that of its predecessor, the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. He analyzed the trend in membership and publication that signalled the Society's transformation, from a local band of mainly amateur enthusiasts to a national society of professional and amateur prehistorians, with, increasingly, an international view of their subject (Clark 1985). The sub-title of Professor Clark's paper — From East Anglia to the World — neatly encapsulated this theme, which he illustrated by analyzing the geographical coverage of articles published in the Proceedings between 1911 and 1982: an analysis that brought up-to-date the earlier examination of publication trends that he had included in his own Presidential Address in 1959 (Clark 1959).
Jade axes from Scotland: a comment on the distribution and supplementary notes
Authors: Murray Jane 
Published: February 2014

Spatial separation between the English and Scottish distributions of jade axes gives validity to the latter as a discrete entity, the characteristics of which are examined. The majority of Scottish finds are large, thin, highly polished axeheads, unmatched in continental Europe, for which no datable contexts can be found. Distribution of these ceremonial axes is dispersed widely across Scotland south-east of the Great Glen, with little display of cultural exclusivity. Details of circumstances of recovery are reviewed, confirming the prevalence of deliberate deposition in both funerary and watery contexts.Notes areappended additional to theCatalogue and Supplements of Jade Axespublished by Campbell Smith (1963; 1965; 1972) and by Joneset al. (1977).
Tool-kits and Burial Rites: The Case of the Janisławice Mesolithic Grave
Authors: Tomaszewski Andrzej Jacek , Willis Richard 
Published: February 2014

In the autumn of 1936, a prehistoric grave was discovered near the village of Janislawice, Skierniewice Voievodom, central Poland, by two local farmers whilst digging for gravel. The grave was located on the north bank of the Lupia River (a tributary of the Bzura River), 13m above the river valley and 159 m above OD. It was dug into gravelly-sandy fluvioglacial deposits of the penultimate glaciation, on the slope of a kame hill (fig. 1). Although the grave was partially damaged in the discovery, in April of the following year the site was investigated by K. Jazdzewski, from the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw. A stratigraphic sequence was recorded, and the skeleton and a variety of grave goods were excavated.The single skeleton had been placed in a sitting position, the legs outstretched and the back leaning against the wall of the grave pit. Red ochre powder was also probably present in small quantities in the fill. The skeleton was that of a man, aged about 30, having a ‘robust’ build and showing craniometrical similarities to modern Lapp populations (Steslicka-Mydlarska 1954).
A Neolithic Downland Monument in its Environment: Excavations at the Easton Down Long Barrow, Bishops Cannings, North Wiltshire
Authors: Whittle A. , Rouse A. J. , Evans J. G. , Barker C. , Cartwright C. , Cruse G. , Dennis I. , Fairbairn A. S. , Hamilton M. , Macphail R. I. , Noddle B. , Pollard J. 
Published: February 2014

Excavations at the Easton Down long barrow were part of a wider programme of research into the Neolithic sequence and context of the Avebury area in north Wiltshire. The short barrow, on high chalk downland to the south-west of Avebury and the upper Kennet valley, and containing only a few inhumations according to Thurnam's 19th-century investigation, dates to the later 4th millennium BC. Test pits around the barrow produced very little struck flint, and virtually no colluvium in the adjacent dry valley to the west. The mound covered a thin calcareous turfline above a rubbly soil, probably formerly cultivated. The pre-barrow molluscan fauna, soil micromorphology and other environmental data indicate a clearance adjacent to woodland. In the secondary fill of the flanking ditches there is a succession from renewed woodland to open conditions in the Late Neolithic.The Easton Down monument falls relatively late in the regional sequence of long barrow construction. Its setting was probably one of scattered, non-permanent clearances in woodland. Woodland was still widespread on the higher downland of the region in the middle of the Neolithic. Renewed and bigger-scale clearance towards the end of the Neolithic may be connected with the construction of very large monuments elsewhere in the region. The later prehistoric landscape became both more open and less diverse.
Beakers: Deconstruction and After
Authors: Case Humphrey 
Published: February 2014

Taking grave and non-grave pottery together, five summary regional groups of beaker pottery are proposed for Britain and Ireland: Group A, Ireland; Group B, north Britain and eventually widespread; Group C, north and to some extent south Britain; Group D, south Britain; and Group E, East Anglia and south-east England. It is anticipated that further discoveries and research will enable these groups to be refined regionally.These groups are set in a quarter-millennium calendrical chronology, which suggests that they may all have appeared around or near the mid-3rd millennium BC, and that many of their aspects were long enduring, some surviving to the 2nd quarter of the 2nd millennium BC.Decorative features especially are related to bell-beaker pottery in western Europe, to Single Grave pottery across the North Sea, and to native Late Neolithic pottery. In presenting the chronology of these relationships, it is argued that a widely held view that bell-beaker pottery evolved in north-west Europe requires modification.