bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myoglobin
Authors: Brunori Maurizio , Miele Adriana E 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMyoglobin is a small globular monomeric protein, expressed in the red muscles of vertebrates, where it serves as molecular oxygen storage and delivery and as nitric oxide scavenger.It can reversibly bind oxygen thanks to the presence of a prosthetic group, the haem, which is hosted in a fairly hydrophobic crevice, within the protein matrix. The iron is responsible of keeping the haem inside the protein being coordinated to the so‐called proximal histidine. On the sixth coordination site, Fe(II) is able to combine with high affinity, but reversibly, withO2and several other ligands.The iron–ligand bond is broken by light; therefore, Mb has also been employed for exploring the very first relaxation events after photodissociation by fast and ultra‐fast kinetic methods.Mb has also been a molecule of choice in unveiling the role of molecular motions in controlling function and stability of proteins.Key ConceptsMyoglobin (Mb) is a water‐soluble globular protein of molecular weight 17 000 Da, expressed in the skeletal muscles and the heart.The α‐helical organisation of the polypeptide chain yields a unique topology called the ‘globin fold’.Its red colour is due to one molecule of Fe(II) haem, bound in a crevice of the globin in between helices E and F.Mb's function is intracellular oxygen transport/storage, and nitric oxide scavenging.Mb has been the paradigm for the discovery and the studies of protein plasticity and dynamics.The photolability of the iron–ligand bond has been exploited for laser‐activated transient relaxation.Many of the advanced biophysical techniques now available have been developed and tested on Mb.Mb has been a benchmark for bioinformatics topological annotation and molecular dynamics simulations.Globins paved the way to the concepts of molecular clock and molecular evolution, as they are expressed in all phyla.Early studies on the structure–function relationships in Mb have represented a proof‐of‐principle of this powerful approach.
Localized population divergence of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebusspp.) in South Africa: Evidence from mtDNA
Authors: Turner Trudy R. , Coetzer Willem G. , Schmitt Christopher A. , Lorenz Joseph G. , Freimer Nelson B. , Grobler J. Paul 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveVervet monkeys are common in most tree‐rich areas of South Africa, but their absence from grassland and semi‐desert areas of the country suggest potentially restricted and mosaic local population patterns that may have relevance to local phenotype patterns and selection. A portion of the mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced to study patterns of genetic differentiation.MethodsDNA was extracted, and mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained from 101 vervet monkeys at 15 localities, which represent both an extensive (widely across the distribution range) and intensive (more than one troop at most of the localities) sampling strategy. Analyses utilized Arlequin 3.1, MEGA 6, BEAST v1.5.2, and Network V3.6.1.ResultsThe dataset contained 26 distinct haplotypes, with six populations fixed for single haplotypes. PairwiseP‐distance among population pairs showed significant differentiation among most population pairs, but with nonsignificant differences among populations within some regions. Populations were grouped into three broad clusters in a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree and a haplotype network. These clusters correspond to i) north‐western, northern, and north‐eastern parts of the distribution range as well as the northern coastal belt; ii) central areas of the country; and iii) southern part of the Indian Ocean coastal belt and adjacent inland areas.ConclusionsApparent patterns of genetic structure correspond to current and past distribution of suitable habitat, geographic barriers to gene flow, geographic distance, and female philopatry. However, further work on nuclear markers and other genomic data are necessary to confirm these results. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:17–30, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use and effectiveness of prothrombin complex concentrate in an emergency department: a review of 15 cases
Authors: Suzuki Kei , Iwashita Yoshiaki , Enokiya Tomoyuki , Yokoyama Kazuto , Fujioka Masaki , Katayama Naoyuki , Imai Hiroshi 
Published: August 2015

AimHemostatic management of patients on oral anticoagulant therapy with critical bleeding continues to be a major challenge. The present study aimed to validate the efficacy, safety, and optimal dosage of prothrombin complex concentrate for rapidly normalizing elevated international normalized ratio (INR) values and achieving control of hemorrhage at an emergency department in Japan.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from all patients who were treated with PCC at our emergency department between January 2013 and September 2014. We used a commercially available prothrombin complex concentrate.ResultsFifteen patients (male / female, 7/8; average, 71.4 years) received prothrombin complex concentrate (14 for bleeding, including trauma‐related bleeding, and one for invasive intervention) without complications. All but one patient received warfarin and the INR value declined in all patients with 500 IU (average, 8.98 IU/kg) prothrombin complex concentrate (average INR value before and after treatment: 2.20 versus 1.26). Although two patients died because of multiple organ failure, a relatively satisfactory hemostatic response was obtained in at least 11/15 patients. However, patients with a baseline INR value above 2.5 never achieved an optimal response (INR value < 1.35).ConclusionA single dose of 500 IU prothrombin complex concentrate is insufficient for normalization of INR value, especially in patients with prolonged INR values. Administration strategies for trauma, the ideal dose (e.g., higher than 500 IU/patient), target optimal INR values, as well as the confirmation of safety should be addressed in the future. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm this preliminary report.
Crowned dens syndrome: reports of six cases and review of the literature
Authors: Tajima Kosuke , Ueda Tomoko , Ueno Koichi , Shimizu Chikako , Yoshizawa Joe , Hori Shingo 
Published: August 2015

CaseWe have reported six cases of Crowned dens syndrome (CDS) diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). Presenting cases were three male and three female, aged from 45 to 89 (averaged in 72).OutcomeAll cases showed calcification around the dens of axis in CTs. Neck pain in all cases relieved within at least 10 days, treated by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in five cases, and one by acetaminophens.ConclusionBouvet et al. first reported CDS in 1985, as acute pseudogout of the neck, which causes neck pain. CDS is a radioclinical syndrome defined by the radiographic calcifications in a crown‐like configuration around the odontoid process, accompanied clinically by acute neck pain, often with neck stiffness, fevers and raised inflammatory markers. CDS is thought to be a rare condition; however, it is frequently misdiagnosed. CDS is an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with acute neck pain.
Ascitic fluid with ammonia odor as a symptom of bladder rupture
Authors: Mizumura Naoto , Imagawa Atsuo , Kawasaki Masayasu , Okumura Satoshi , Toyoda Sho , Ogawa Masao 
Published: August 2015

CaseAn 88‐year‐old woman presented with abdominal pain, massive ascites, and acute kidney injury. She was clinically hypervolemic and the computed tomography attenuation value of the ascites was near that of water. Subsequent abdominocentesis revealed ammonia‐smelling ascites fluid, leading to a suspicion of urinary tract injury, and a conclusive diagnosis of spontaneous bladder rupture was achieved using cystography.OutcomeThe patient was managed conservatively with antibiotics, percutaneous drainage, and bladder catheter. As a result, she was discharged with normal renal function.ConclusionThe diagnosis of bladder rupture is difficult, and is rarely confirmed in the absence of a diagnostic suspicion. This case indicates that ascitic fluid odor, patient volume status, and the computed tomography attenuation value of ascites are potential indicators of bladder rupture.
Surfactants as Promising Media for the Preparation of Crystalline Inorganic Materials
Authors: Xiong Wei‐Wei , Zhang Qichun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGiven that surfactants can control the shape and size of micro‐/nanoparticles, they should be able to direct the growth of bulk crystals. This Minireview summarizes recent developments in the application of surfactants for the preparation of new crystalline inorganic materials, including chalcogenides, metal–organic frameworks, and zeolite analogues. The roles of surfactants in different reaction systems are discussed.
Hybrid Structure of the Type 1 Pilus of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Habenstein Birgit , Loquet Antoine , Hwang Songhwan , Giller Karin , Vasa Suresh Kumar , Becker Stefan , Habeck Michael , Lange Adam 
Published: August 2015

AbstractType 1 pili are filamentous protein assemblies on the surface of Gram‐negative bacteria that mediate adhesion to host cells during the infection process. The molecular structure of type 1 pili remains elusive on the atomic scale owing to their insolubility and noncrystallinity. Herein we describe an approach for hybrid‐structure determination that is based on data from solution‐state NMR spectroscopy on the soluble subunit and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and STEM data on the assembled pilus. Our approach is based on iterative modeling driven by structural information extracted from different sources and provides a general tool to access pseudo atomic structures of protein assemblies with complex subunit folds. By using this methodology, we determined the local conformation of the FimA pilus subunit in the context of the assembled type 1 pilus, determined the exact helical pilus architecture, and elucidated the intermolecular interfaces contributing to pilus assembly and stability with atomic detail.
Fabrication of quaternary composite scaffold from silk fibroin, chitosan, gelatin, and alginate for skin regeneration
Authors: Sharma Chhavi , Dinda Amit K. , Potdar Pravin D. , Mishra Narayan C. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTQuaternary composite scaffold consisting of chitosan, alginate, gelatin, and silk fibroin, was fabricated by applying foaming method, for tissue engineering applications. The fabricated scaffold was evaluated for its applicability in skin tissue regeneration. The environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) showed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the entire surface of the scaffold with mean pore size 92±11.8 μm and the porosity 88%. The scaffold showed good mechanical stability under physiological conditions as determined by short term mechanical stability testing. In vitro scaffold‐degradation study showed no degradation at day 1 and from day 3 scaffold starts degrading. The degradation of the composite scaffold after 28 days was 38%. Less degradation rate of the scaffold might be beneficial, as it can provide sufficient time for the formation of neo‐tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue regeneration. In vitro cell culture studies by seeding L929 mouse fibroblast cells over composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion as indicated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay and ESEM of cell‐scaffold construct. Giemsa staining of L929 fibroblast cells over the scaffold showed fibroblastic morphology of L929 cells, having elongated cells with nuclei and faint cytoplasm, and these cells are positive for Oil Red stain and negative for Alizarin Red staining—indicating that they maintained their dermal fibroblastic phenotype and were not differentiated into any other cell types in presence of composite scaffold. Results of histological staining supports growth and viability of L929 fibroblasts over scaffold, thereby proving the great prospective of this scaffold for skin tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42743.
Assessment of medium‐range ensemble forecasts of heat waves
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Ju , Lee Woo‐Seop , Yoo Jin Ho 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study assesses the predictability of heat wave occurrence over Korea applying The Observing system Research and Predictability Experiment Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) data for the Heat Wave Index (HWI) associated with large‐scale circulation. HWI shows higher predictability of heat waves than those of maximum temperature (TMAX) and bias corrected TMAX. The verification scores using HWI are compared to other cases of forecasts. It is concluded that the proposed HWI can be useful for heat wave forecasting, which may reduce the health impacts from heat waves through appropriate and timely mitigation efforts.
Expression and characterization of a cellobiohydrolase (CBH7B) from the thermophilic fungus Thielavia terrestris in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Woon James Sy‐Keen , Mackeen Mukram Mohamed , Mahadi Nor Muhammad , Illias Rosli Md , Abdul Murad Abdul Munir , Abu Bakar Farah Diba 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe gene encoding a cellobiohydrolase 7B (CBH7B) of the thermophilic fungus Thielavia terrestris was identified, subcloned, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. CBH7B encoded 455 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 51.8 kDa. Domain analysis indicated that CBH7B contains a family 7 glycosyl hydrolase catalytic core but lacks a carbohydrate‐binding module. Purified CBH7B exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.0 and 55 °C with 4‐methylumbelliferryl‐cellobioside as the substrate and retained 85% of its activity following 24 H incubation at 50 °C. Despite the lack of activity toward microcrystalline substrates, this enzyme worked synergistically with the commercial enzyme cocktail Cellic® CTec2 to enhance saccharification by 39% when added to a reaction mixture containing 0.25% alkaline pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested a reduction of lignin and crystalline cellulose in OPEFB samples supplemented with CBH7B. Scanning electron microscopy revealed greater destruction extent of OPEFB strands in samples supplemented with CBH7B as compared with the nonsupplemented control. Therefore, CBH7B has the potential to complement commercial enzymes in hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass.
Ischaemic conditioning reduces kidney injury in an experimental large-animal model of warm renal ischaemia
Authors: Hunter J P , Hosgood S A , Barlow A D , Nicholson M L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Ischaemic conditioning, using short repeated sequences of intermittent ischaemia, is a strategy that may ameliorate ischaemia–reperfusion injury. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of direct and remote ischaemic conditioning in a porcine model of renal warm ischaemia–reperfusion injury.

Methods
Pigs (50 kg) underwent laparotomy and 60-min occlusion of the left renal pedicle followed by right nephrectomy. Animals were divided into three groups: untreated controls (n = 8); direct postconditioning involving six 15-s cycles of clamping then releasing of the left renal artery (n = 7); or remote periconditioning involving four 5-min cycles of clamping then releasing of the left common iliac artery (n = 8). After 7 days kidney tissue was harvested, and blood and urine samples were collected on postoperative days 1, 3 and 7.

Results
The direct postconditioning group had a lower area under the serum creatinine curve (mean(s.d.) 1378(157) versus 2001(1022) µmol/l · day respectively; P = 0·036) and peak creatinine level (316(46) versus 501(253) µmol/l respectively; P = 0·033) compared with values in control animals. There was a significant increase in serum levels of tumour necrosis factor α on day 1 in control animals but not in the conditioning groups (P = 0·013). Urinary levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increased over the study period in both the control and remote groups (P = 0·001 for both), but not in the direct group (P = 0·176). There was no mortality and no complications related to either conditioning technique.

Conclusion
In this in vivo large-animal model, direct renal artery ischaemic postconditioning protected kidneys against warm ischaemia injury. This straightforward technique could readily be translated into clinical practice.Surgical relevanceIschaemic conditioning has been shown to improve outcomes in both experimental studies and clinical trials in cardiac surgery. Evidence from small-animal and human studies assessing ischaemic conditioning techniques in renal transplantation have not yet established the optimal technique and timing of conditioning.In this study, a large-animal model of renal warm ischaemia was used to compare different conditioning techniques. Postconditioning applied directly to the renal artery was shown to reduce renal injury. Furthermore, new evidence is provided that shorter cycles of ischaemic postconditioning than previously described can protect against renal injury.Evidence from a large-animal model is provided for different conditioning techniques. The beneficial postconditioning technique described is straightforward to perform and provides an alternative method of conditioning following renal transplantation, with potential for application in clinical practice.
Histone methylation‐mediated silencing of miR‐139 enhances invasion of non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Watanabe Kousuke , Amano Yosuke , Ishikawa Rie , Sunohara Mitsuhiro , Kage Hidenori , Ichinose Junji , Sano Atsushi , Nakajima Jun , Fukayama Masashi , Yatomi Yutaka , Nagase Takahide , Ohishi Nobuya , Takai Daiya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMicroRNA expression is frequently altered in human cancers, and some microRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. MiR‐139‐5p (denoted thereafter as miR‐139) has recently been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in several types of human cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer), but its function in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the mechanism of its suppression have not been studied in detail. MiR‐139 was suppressed frequently in primary NSCLCs. MiR‐139 is located within the intron of PDE2A and its expression was significantly correlated with the expression of PDE2A. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that miR‐139 was epigenetically silenced by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) of its host gene PDE2A and this process was independent of promoter DNA methylation. Pharmacological inhibition of both histone methylation and deacetylation‐induced miR‐139 with its host gene PDE2A. Ectopic expression of miR‐139 in lung cancer cell lines did not affect the proliferation nor the migration but significantly suppressed the invasion through the extracellular matrix. In primary NSCLCs, decreased expression of miR‐139 was significantly associated with distant lymph node metastasis and histological invasiveness (lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion) on both univariate and multivariate analyses. Collectively, these results suggest that H3K27me3‐mediated silencing of miR‐139 enhances an invasive and metastatic phenotype of NSCLC.
Coleifolides A and B, Two New Sesterterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of Scutellaria coleifolia H.Lév.
Authors: Kurimoto Shin‐ichiro , Pu Jian‐Xin , Sun Han‐Dong , Takaishi Yoshihisa , Kashiwada Yoshiki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractColeifolides A and B (1 and 2), two new sesterterpenoids with a β‐methyl‐α,β‐unsaturated‐γ‐lactone moiety, were isolated from the aerial parts of Scutellaria coleifolia H.Lév. (Lamiaceae), together with three known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS examinations. Coleifolides A and B were concluded to be partially racemic compounds by the HPLC analysis using a chiral column or introduction of chiral derivatizing agents. The absolute configuration of the major isomer was determined by analyses of the CD spectrum as well as NMR data of (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐NMA derivatives. Coleifolides A and B are structurally similar to manoalide derivatives, previously isolated from marine sponges, and appear to be the first examples of this type of compounds being isolated from higher plants.
Volatiles as Chemosystematic Markers for Distinguishing Closely Related Species within the Pinus mugo Complex
Authors: Celiński Konrad , Bonikowski Radosław , Wojnicka‐Półtorak Aleksandra , Chudzińska Ewa , Maliński Tomasz 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHeadspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled to GC/MS analysis was used to identify the constituents of pine‐needle volatiles differentiating three closely‐related pine species within the Pinus mugo complex, i.e., P. uncinata Ramond ex DC., P. uliginosa G.E.Neumann ex Wimm., and P. mugo Turra. Moreover, chemosystematic markers were proposed for the three analyzed pine species. The major constituents of the pine‐needle volatiles were α‐pinene (28.4%) and bornyl acetate (10.8%) for P. uncinata, δ‐car‐3‐ene (21.5%) and α‐pinene (16.1%) for P. uliginosa, and α‐pinene (20%) and δ‐car‐3‐ene (18.1%) for P. mugo. This study is the first report on the application of the composition of pine‐needle volatiles for the reliable identification of closely‐related pine species within the Pinus mugo complex.
New Labdane Diterpenes and Their Glycoside Derivatives from the Roots of Isodon adenantha
Authors: Wu La‐Bin , Xiao Chao‐Jiang , Jiang Xue , Qiu Lin , Dong Xiang , Jiang Bei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo new labdane‐type diterpenes (adenanthic acids A and B; 1 and 2, resp.) and three new labdane diterpene glycosides (adenanthosides A–C; 3–5, resp.) were isolated from the roots of Isodon adenantha, together with 23 known constituents including seven diterpenoids (6–12), eight triterpenoids (13–20), one lignan glycoside (21), six steroids (22–27), and one ceramide (28). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D‐NMR techniques. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of the samples were measured by the MTT method and the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. But none of them showed significant activities.
The Hybrid Pyrroloisoindolone–Dehydropyrrolizine Alkaloid (−)‐Chlorizidine A Targets Proteins within the Glycolytic Pathway
Authors: Álvarez‐Micó Xavier , Rocha Danilo D. , Guimarães Larissa A. , Ambrose Andrew , Chapman Eli , Costa‐Lotufo Leticia V. , La Clair James J. , Fenical William 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe cytotoxic activity of (−)‐chlorizidine A, a marine alkaloid containing a unique fusion between a pyrroloisoindolone and dehydropyrrolizine, was explored by using a combination of cellular and molecular methods. Our studies began by applying preliminary SAR evidence gathered from semisynthetic bioactivity evaluations to prepare an active immunoaffinity fluorescent (IAF) probe. This probe was then used to identify two cytosolic proteins, GAPDH and hENO1, as the targets of (−)‐chlorizidine A.
Dynamic Release–Immobilization of a Homogeneous Rhodium Hydroformylation Catalyst by a Polyoxometalate Metal–Organic Framework Composite
Authors: Sartipi Sina , Valero Romero Maria Jose , Rozhko Elena , Que Zhenyang , Stil Hans A. , de With Jan , Kapteijn Freek , Gascon Jorge 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThermal treatment of phosphotungstic acid (PTA)‐MIL‐101(Cr) composites in the presence of hydroformylation catalyst RhH(CO)(PPh3)3 leads to immobilization of the homogeneous Rh complex within the metal–organic framework (MOF) scaffold by coordination of PTA‐Rh. The Rh complex‐containing MOFs are tested in the hydroformylation of 1‐octene in which PTA competes with CO during ligand association. In the presence of the carbonyl ligand, the Rh complex is released from the MOF and behaves as a homogeneous catalyst. Therefore, the product spectra and selectivities of the Rh complex‐containing MOFs are similar to those of RhH(CO)(PPh3)3. Upon CO evacuation, Rh recoordinates to PTA, allowing for easy recycling of this new pseudo‐heterogeneous catalyst.