bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical Steroids Are Effective in the Treatment of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
Authors: Altintoprak Fatih , Kivilcim Taner , Yalkin Omer , Uzunoglu Yener , Kahyaoglu Zeynep , Dilek Osman Nuri 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign, and chronic disease of the breast. Despite the various treatment approaches described for this disease, a gold standard treatment modality has not yet been defined. In this study, the effect of topical steroids was reviewed and assessed in patients with IGM.MethodsThe records of patients with IGM who were treated only with topical steroids were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped as “completely healed,” “inadequately healed,” “stable,” “worsened,” or “recurred” if they had once healed but their symptoms returned. Patients whose skin changes were completely ameliorated were considered “completely healed.”ResultsAll of the patients were women, and the average patient age was 35.7 years (range 24–48 years). During the average follow‐up of 37.2 months (range 12–72 months) in patients who received only topical steroid treatment, recurrence was observed in three patients (3/28, 10.7 %), and no side effects or steroid‐related complications occurred.ConclusionsTopical steroids seem to be effective in the treatment of IGM characterized by skin changes. Prospective clinical studies would be useful in determining the clinical efficacy of topical steroids in the treatment of IGM.
Effects of 5-Fluorouracil, Etoposide and CdCl2 in Aquatic Oligochaeta Limnodrilus udekemianus Claparede (Tubificidae) Measured by Comet Assay
Authors: Kračun-Kolarević Margareta , Kolarević Stoimir , Atanacković Ana , Marković Vanja , Gačić Zoran , Paunović Momir , Vuković-Gačić Branka 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Genotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), etoposide (ET) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was evaluated in Limnodrilus udekemianus, cosmopolitan tubificid species, by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Groups of 50 individuals were exposed in vivo in water-only short-term (96 h) tests to 5-FU (0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 μM), ET (0.004. 0.04, 0.4 and 4 μM) and CdCl2 (0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 μM). Mortality of worms was observed only for CdCl2 (4 and 40 μM). Cell viability lower than 70 % was detected for 5-FU (0.4, 4 and 40 μM), ET (4 μM) and CdCl2 (0.4 and 4 μM). All tested substances induced significant increase of DNA damage except 0.004 μM of ET. L. udekemianus being sensitive to all tested substances indicates that it can be used in ecogenotoxicology studies. Concern should be raised to cytostatics, especially to 5-FU, since concentration of 0.004 μM induced DNA damage is similar to ones detected in wastewaters.
Results of the Pavlik harness when treating Ortolani-positive hips: Predictors of failure and arthrographic findings
Authors: Vadillo Pablo , Encinas-Ullan Carlos Alberto , Moraleda Luis , Albiñana Javier 
Published: July 2015

Background Predictors of failure of the Pavlik harness in reducing and stabilizing an Ortolani-positive hip remain ‘unclear’. The purpose of this study is to investigate the success of the Pavlik harness when treating Ortolani-positive hips, to look for predictors of failure of the harness and to analyze the arthrographic findings among these failures. Materials and methods The medical records of 39 consecutive patients with an Ortolani-positive hip treated initially with a Pavlik harness were reviewed. Data regarding birth order, problems during pregnancy, presentation at birth, delivery, family history of DDH, gender, side involved, bilaterality, onset of treatment, problems related to use of the harness, and time until the harness reduced and stabilized the hip or was abandoned because of a failure were recorded. The presence of plagiocephaly, torticollis or foot deformity was also noted. We looked for predictors of failure among these aspects and report the arthrographic findings of the failures. Results The mean age when the harness was started was 16.7 days. The mean time until success or failure of the harness in reducing and stabilize the hip was 18.5 days. There were 8 (20.5 %) failures. Multigravida ( p = 0.026) and foot deformity ( p = 0.023) were associated with failure of the harness. On the other hand, problems during pregnancy ( p = 1), presentation at birth ( p = 0.078), c-section ( p = 0.394), family history of DDH ( p = 1), gender (0.313), torticollis ( p = 1), bilaterality ( p = 1) and onset of treatment ( p = 0.485) were not associated. Arthrographic abnormalities were found in all failures. Conclusion The Pavlik harness failed to reduce and stabilize the hip in 20.5 % of the newborns with an Ortolani-positive hip. Multigravida and foot deformity were statistically associated with failure of the harness. An anatomical obstacle for reduction was found in all hips with a harness failure. A more teratological than mechanical hip dislocation could be the reason for failure of the Pavlik harness. Level of evidence IV, Retrospective case series.
Mental health outcomes at age 11 of very low birth weight infants in Ireland
Authors: McNicholas F. , Healy E. , White M. , Sheridan-Pereira M. , O’Connor N. , Coakley S. , Dooley B. 
Published: July 2015

AimTo compare mental health (MH) outcomes of and service use by children born under 1500 g in Ireland with a matched control group.MethodUsing a retrospective cohort design, semi-structured and standardised MH assessments were conducted with parents, teachers and youth.ResultsA total of 64 of 127 surviving children from a very low birth weight (VLBW) cohort from a National Maternity Hospital participated at a mean age of 11.6 years (s.d. 1.0), along with 51 matched controls. More VLBW children received clinical or borderline scores when rated by parents [χ2 (1, n=114)=7.3, p=0.007] or youths [χ2 (1, n=114)=4.83, p=0.028], but not by teachers [χ2 (1, n=114)=1.243, p=0.463]. There was no increase in the use of MH services. A main effect of birth weight remained on the parent Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [F (1, 88)=5.07, p<0.05) after controlling for intelligence quotient (IQ) and socio-economic status (SES), but only on hyperactivity in males. SES, rather than IQ or birth weight, predicted identification of problems by teachers [F (1, 82)=6.99, p=0.01).InterpretationsTeachers miss MH difficulties and are influenced more by SES than by IQ or birth weight. This has implications for MH service access. Initial perinatal investment needs to be matched with ongoing surveillance and psychoeducation to ensure that disorders are recognised early and offered appropriate interventions.
Thin-sheet flow between coalescing bubbles
Authors: Munro James P. , Anthony Christopher R. , Basaran Osman A. , Lister John R. 
Published: July 2015

When two spherical bubbles touch, a hole is formed in the fluid sheet between them, and capillary pressure acting on its tightly curved edge drives an outward radial flow which widens the hole joining the bubbles. Recent images of the early stages of this process (Paulsen et al., Nat. Commun., vol. 5, 2014) show that the radius of the hole $r_{\!E}$ at time $t$ grows proportional to $t^{1/2}$, and that the rate is dependent on the fluid viscosity. Here, we explain this behaviour in terms of similarity solutions to a third-order system of radial extensional-flow equations for the thickness and velocity of the sheet of fluid between the bubbles, and determine the growth rate as a function of the Ohnesorge number $\mathit{Oh}$. The initially quadratic sheet profile allows the ratio of viscous and inertial effects to be independent of time. We show that the sheet is slender for $r_{\!E}\ll a$ if $\mathit{Oh}\gg 1$, where $a$ is the bubble radius, but only slender for $r_{\!E}\ll \mathit{Oh}^{2}a$ if $\mathit{Oh}\ll 1$ due to a compressional boundary layer of length $L\propto \mathit{Oh}\,r_{\!E}$, after which there is a change in the structure but not the speed of the retracting sheet. For $\mathit{Oh}\ll 1$, the detailed analysis justifies a simple momentum-balance argument, which gives the analytic prediction $r_{\!E}\sim (32a{\it\gamma}/3{\it\rho})^{1/4}t^{1/2}$, where ${\it\gamma}$ is the surface tension and ${\it\rho}$ is the density.
On the mechanism of turbulent drag reduction with super-hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Rastegari Amirreza , Akhavan Rayhaneh 
Published: July 2015

The mechanism of turbulent drag reduction (DR) with super-hydrophobic (SH) surfaces is investigated by direct numerical simulation (DNS) and analysis of the governing equations in channel flow. The DNS studies were performed using lattice Boltzmann methods in channels with ‘idealized’ SH surfaces on both walls, comprised of longitudinal micro-grooves (MG), transverse MG, or micro-posts. DRs of$5\,\%$to$83\,\%$,$-4\,\%$to$20\,\%$, and$14\,\%$to$81\,\%$were realized in DNS with longitudinal MG, transverse MG, and micro-posts, respectively. By mathematical analysis of the governing equations, it is shown that, in SH channel flows with any periodic SH micro-pattern on the walls, the magnitude of DR can be expressed as$DR=U_{slip}/U_{bulk}+O({\it\varepsilon})$, where the first term represents the DR resulting from the effective slip on the walls, and the second term represents the DR or drag increase (DI) resulting from modifications to the turbulence dynamics and any secondary mean flows established in the SH channel compared to a channel flow with no-slip walls at the same bulk Reynolds number as the SH channel. Comparison of this expression to DNS results shows that, with all SH surface micro-patterns studied, between 80 % and 100 % of the DR in turbulent flow arises from the effective slip on the walls. Modifications to the turbulence dynamics contribute no more than 20 % of the total DR with longitudinal MG or micro-posts of high shear-free fraction (SFF), and a DI with transverse MG or micro-posts of moderate SFF. The effect of the SH surface on the normalized dynamics of turbulence is found to be small in all cases, and confined to additional production of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) within a thin ‘surface layer’ of thickness of the order of the width of surface micro-indentations. Outside of this ‘surface layer’, the normalized dynamics of turbulence proceeds as in a turbulent channel flow with no-slip walls at the friction Reynolds number of the SH channel flow.
Experimental study on bubble dynamics subject to buoyancy
Authors: Zhang A. M. , Cui P. , Cui J. , Wang Q. X. 
Published: July 2015

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of large bubbles subject to various strengths of buoyancy effects, which are associated with applications for underwater explosion. The bubble is produced by electric discharge in a low-pressure tank to enhance the buoyancy effects. Experiments are carried out for a bubble in an infinite field, below a free surface and above a rigid boundary. The effects of buoyancy are reflected by the dimensionless parameter ${\it\delta}=\sqrt{{\it\rho}gR_{m}/(p_{amb}-p_{v})}$, where $R_{m}$, $p_{amb}$, $p_{v}$, ${\it\rho}$ and $g$ are the maximum bubble radius, ambient pressure, saturated vapour pressure, density of water and the acceleration of gravity respectively. A systematic study of buoyancy effects is carried out for a wide range of ${\it\delta}$ from 0.034 to 0.95. A series of new phenomena and new features is observed. The bubbles recorded are transparent, and thus we are able to display and study the jet formation, development and impact on the opposite bubble surface as well as the subsequent collapsing and rebounding of the ring bubble. Qualitative analyses are carried out for the bubble migration, jet velocity and jet initiation time, etc. for different values of ${\it\delta}$. When a bubble oscillates below a free surface or above a rigid boundary, the Bjerknes force due to the free surface (or rigid boundary) and the buoyancy are in opposite directions. Three situations are studied for each of the two configurations: (i) the Bjerknes force being dominant, (ii) the buoyancy force being dominant and (iii) the two forces being approximately balanced. For case (iii), we further consider two subcases, where both the balanced Bjerknes and buoyancy forces are weak or strong. When the Bjerknes and buoyancy forces are approximately balanced over the pulsation, some representative bubble behaviours are observed: the bubble near free surface is found to split into two parts jetting away from each other for small ${\it\delta}$, or involutes from both top and bottom for large ${\it\delta}$. A bubble above a rigid wall is found to be subject to contraction from the lateral part leading to bubble splitting. New criteria are established based on experimental results for neutral collapses where there is no dominant jetting along one direction, which correlate well with the criteria of Blake et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 170, 1986, pp. 479–497; J. Fluid Mech., vol. 181, 1987, pp. 197–212) but agree better with the experimental and computational results.
Nature and extent of human–elephant Elephas maximus conflict in central Nepal
Authors: Pant Ganesh , Dhakal Maheshwar , Pradhan Narendra Man Babu , Leverington Fiona , Hockings Marc 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHuman–elephant conflict is one of the main threats to the long-term survival of the Asian elephant Elephas maximus. We studied the nature and extent of human–elephant interactions in the buffer zones of Chitwan National Park and Parsa Wildlife Reserve in Nepal, through household questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, site observations, and analysis of the reported cases of damage during January 2008–December 2012. During this 5-year period 290 incidents of damage by elephants were reported, with a high concentration of incidents in a few locations. Property damage (53%) was the most common type of damage reported. Crop damage was reported less often but household surveys revealed it to be the most frequent form of conflict. There were also human casualties, including 21 deaths and four serious injuries. More than 90% of the human casualties occurred during 2010–2012. More than two thirds of the respondents (70%) perceived that human–elephant conflict had increased substantially during the previous 5 years. Despite the increase in incidents of human–elephant conflict in the area, 37% of respondents had positive attitudes towards elephant conservation. Our findings suggest that public awareness and compensation for losses could reduce conflict and contribute to ensuring coexistence of people and elephants in this human-dominated landscape.
When opportunity lags: human development policymaking in Arctic regions
Authors: Klick Matthew 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe popular narrative of Arctic development continues to dwell on melting sea ice, untapped oil and gas reserves, an icebreaker arms race and the perils and potential of rapid industrialisation. Rarely is the welfare of Arctic populations considered in a holistic sense and with a precise call for policy change. The recently released Arctic human development report II, echoing the more widely distributed human development reports generated by the United Nations, does just this. Unfortunately, despite the laudable efforts of the authors to embrace the more systemic drivers of poverty and marginalisation, the report fails to account for governmental and policy shortcomings which continue to limit health and opportunity, while obscuring tangible pathways to prosperity for Arctic populations. This comment is intended as a call, amongst the fervour of Arctic exploitation, to refocus attention on the unmistakable disparities in public health and well-being that persist in the Arctic regions of otherwise wealthy countries, and to incorporate globally practised perceptions of human development, including the role of social and political marginalisation in explaining health and prosperity discrepancies, which have been largely lacking in Arctic development discourse, and practice.
Welfare Capitalism in Crisis: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Labour Market Policy Responses to the Great Recession
Authors: SHAHIDI FARAZ VAHID 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSocial policy responses to the recent economic crisis have varied considerably across advanced capitalist countries. This study aims to explain this cross-national diversity through a qualitative comparative analysis of labour market policy responses to the Great Recession across eighteen advanced welfare states. The results of the study suggest that theories of welfare state change that attribute theoretical centrality to political and institutional factors do not provide a compelling explanation for patterns of labour market reform observed since the onset of the economic crisis. Rather, they appear to be explained principally in terms of the variable fiscal capacity of the state. In particular, the study findings indicate that the presence of fiscal crisis has acted as a necessary (but insufficient) condition for the presence of recommodification, while the absence of fiscal crisis has acted as a sufficient (but unnecessary) condition for the absence of recommodification. These empirical developments suggest that there is a need for a scholarly return to the problematic relationship between capitalism and the welfare state.
Mind, brain, and teaching: Some directions for future research
Authors: Pasquinelli Elena , Zalla Tiziana , Gvodzic Katarina , Potier-Watkins Cassandra , Piazza Manuela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn line with Kline's taxonomy, highlighting teaching as an array of behaviors with different cognitive underpinnings, we advocate the expansion of a specific line of research on mind, brain, and teaching. This research program is devoted to the understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms and the evolutionary determinants of teaching skills, with the ultimate goal of helping teachers improve teaching quality.
Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective
Authors: Bos Peter A. , Brummelman Eddie , Terburg David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe emphasize the importance of a neuroevolutionary perspective in moving beyond the cognition-emotion dichotomy. Cognitive behavior depends on cortical structures firmly rooted in the emotional brain from which they have evolved. As such, there cannot be cognition without emotion. Endocrine regulation of amygdala connectivity, a neural “switch” between impulsivity and deliberation, further underscores the phylogenetic impossibility of a cognition-emotion dichotomy.
Integration of cognition and emotion in physical and mental actions in musical and other behaviors
Authors: Gardiner Martin Frederick 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntegration of cognition and emotion, discussed by Pessoa in The Cognitive-Emotional Brain (2013), is further illustrated by music. In music, I argue, this integration begins during mental control of the actions by which musical sounds are produced. Many emotional reactions to the music we hear are also strongly related to the actions by which musical sounds are produced. Studies involving music can further illuminate the integration of emotion and control of action throughout behavior.
Behavioral evidence for a continuous approach to the perception of emotionally valenced stimuli
Authors: LoBue Vanessa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPessoa's (2013) dual competition model outlines a framework for how cognition and emotion interact at the perceptual levels and provides evidence within the field of neuroscience to support this new perspective. Here, I discuss how behavioral work fares with this new model and how visual detection is influenced by information with affective or motivational content.
On theory integration: Toward developing affective components within cognitive architectures
Authors: Olds Justin M. , Marewski Julian N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn The Cognitive-Emotional Brain, Pessoa (2013) suggests that cognition and emotion should not be considered separately. We agree with this and argue that cognitive architectures can provide steady ground for this kind of theory integration and for investigating interactions among underlying cognitive processes. We briefly explore how affective components can be implemented and how neuroimaging measures can help validate models and influence theory development.
The cognitive-emotional amalgam
Authors: Pessoa Luiz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the précis to The Cognitive-Emotional Brain, I summarize a framework for understanding the organization of cognition and emotion in the brain. Here, I address six major themes that emerged in the commentaries: (1) emotional perception and automaticity; (2) the status of cognition and emotion: together or separate? (3) evolutionary implications for the understanding of emotion and cognition; (4) the diverse forms of cognitive-emotional integration; (5) dual process theories; and (6) functional diversity of brain regions/networks and cognitive ontologies. The central argument is, again, that cognition and emotion are so highly interactive, and indeed integrated, that these two elements blend into a new amalgam.
The Engaging Power of English-Language Promotion in Franco's Spain
Authors: MARTÍN GARCÍA ÓSCAR J. , RODRÍGUEZ JIMÉNEZ FRANCISCO J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe United States' support for the Franco dictatorship, along with British dominion over Gibraltar, caused an increasing sense of frustration towards the United States and United Kingdom amongst broad sectors of the Spanish public during the 1960s and 1970s. Growing resentment towards the Anglo-American presence in Spain threatened to jeopardise the geopolitical objectives of these two governments given the strategic importance of the Iberian Peninsula in the Cold War. Both the Americans and the British identified the promotion of the English language as a cultural tool to develop empathy amongst those Spaniards who would drive forward the eventual transition to a post-Franco era. This ‘soft power’ strategy fit perfectly with the pro-modernisation efforts taking place in several parts of the world. English teaching did not serve as a magic potion, however. Cultural seduction was not a cure-all to right the wrongs inflicted by the Anglo-American geostrategic priorities. This article explores the benefits and limitations of English language promotion in Franco's Spain and reflects on the ability of ‘soft power’ to influence what was a rather hostile hard-power context.
Modular action language
Authors: INCLEZAN DANIELA , GELFOND MICHAEL 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe paper introduces a new modular action language,${\mathcal ALM}$, and illustrates the methodology of its use. It is based on the approach of Gelfond and Lifschitz (1993,Journal of Logic Programming 17, 2–4, 301–321; 1998,Electronic Transactions on AI 3, 16, 193–210) in which a high-level action language is used as a front end for a logic programming system description. The resulting logic programming representation is used to perform various computational tasks. The methodology based on existing action languages works well for small and even medium size systems, but is not meant to deal with larger systems that requirestructuring of knowledge.$\mathcal{ALM}$is meant to remedy this problem. Structuring of knowledge in${\mathcal ALM}$is supported by the concepts ofmodule(a formal description of a specific piece of knowledge packaged as a unit),module hierarchy, andlibrary, and by the division of a system description of${\mathcal ALM}$into two parts:theoryandstructure. Atheoryconsists of one or more modules with a common theme, possibly organized into a module hierarchy based on adependency relation. It contains declarations of sorts, attributes, and properties of the domain together with axioms describing them.Structuresare used to describe the domain's objects. These features, together with the means for defining classes of a domain as special cases of previously defined ones, facilitate the stepwise development, testing, and readability of a knowledge base, as well as the creation of knowledge representation libraries.