bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis alters pancreatic enzymes in the absence of pancreatitis
Authors: Motswaledi Modisa S. , Sekgwama Rosinah , Kasvosve Ishmael 
Published: October 2014

Background: Lipases and phospholipases are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Genes coding for lipases, phospholipases and amylase are present in MTB, enabling the bacteria to produce these enzymes.Objective: To compare serum lipase and amylase activity levels in patients with tuberculosis (TB) against those of healthy controls.Methods: Serum lipase and amylase activity levels were measured in 99 patients and 143 healthy controls using the Vitros 250 Chemistry analyser. Reference ranges for serum lipase and amylase were 23–300 U/L and 30–110 U/L, respectively.Results: Lipase was higher in patients with MTB than in controls (81.5 IU/L versus 66.5 IU/L, p = 0.006). Similarly, amylase was higher in the MTB patient group (76 IU/L versus 60 IU/L, p < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient for lipase versus amylase (R) was higher in the controls (R = 0.351, p < 0.0001) compared with MTB patients (R = 0.217, p = 0.035). Amongst MTB patients, lipase activity correlated positively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (R = 0.263, p = 0.013), but not with haemoglobin concentration or treatment duration. A weak inverse correlation was noted between ESR and treatment duration (R = -0.222, p = 0.028).Conclusion: Pancreatic enzyme levels differ between MTB patients and normal controls; however, this difference still lies within the normal range. The concomitant increase of lipase with ESR, an inflammatory marker, could conceivably suggest a causal relationship. Further research is necessary to characterise MTB-derived enzymes for diagnostic and therapeutic utility.
"Dislocated Histories": The Canton Asylum for Insane Indians
Authors: Burch Susan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This work examines removals, institutions, and community lives in U.S. history. It centers on "dislocated histories" from South Dakota’s Canton Asylum, the only federal psychiatric hospital for American Indians. Between its opening in 1902 and forced closure in 1934, the Asylum ultimately held four hundred men, women, and children from seventeen states and nearly fifty tribal nations. Individual histories of those confined at Canton and their families are inextricably tied to broader stories of forced removals; the rise of penal, medical, and disability institutions; eugenics; and contests over citizenship and American identity in U.S. history. This work explores some of the methodological issues around how to present Canton Asylum, Native American, split family, and dislocated community histories. Central to the process is relocating this history, placing Canton inmates at the center. Considering the dislocated history of Elizabeth Alexis Fairbault and her family draws attention to the highly relational dimensions of these factors; this approach intentionally challenges racist, sexist, and ableist systems of power that shaped the options and experiences of people incarcerated at Canton. It complicates the dominant, institutional interpretation and--to a limited degree--restores those removed from their communities to our historical frameworks.
"Tired and Hungry" in North Carolina: A Critical Approach to Contesting Eugenic Discourse
Authors: Hamer Elliot M. , Quinlan Margaret M. , Grano Daniel A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHistorical interpretations of America’s eugenics programs show that no unified account exists and that a multiplicity of oftentimes competing ideological configurations contribute to the term eugenics. This essay focuses on recent controversies surrounding the decades-long eugenics programs in North Carolina and their illustration of the discursive and material implications of eugenic practices for marginalized populations. We examine the case of Elaine Riddick Jessie in order to critique the labeling (by state and medical institutions) of eugenics program subjects as deviant and disabled persons and to highlight the possibilities for creating alternative identities of gender, race, and disability. Our analysis of Jessie’s voice provides (1) a confrontation to scientifically derived meanings of disability imposed on her body, (2) a substitution of perceived cultural differences, and (3) evidence of these differences in embodied forms. The study concludes with a discussion highlighting the intersection of class, race, gender, and disability embedded in eugenic ideologies extending into the twenty-first century.
A Cape Verdean Perspective on Disability: An Invisible Minority in New England
Authors: Thomas Dawna M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The disability rights movement has brought about broad change in what we see today socially in our imagination and pragmatically within the political landscape. Specifically, it has challenged what it means to be human and what it means to have the right to exist within a social democracy based on principles of equality. Yet the disability rights movement has paid little attention to how disability is understood within culturally diverse communities. Often culturally competent models have a "one-size-fits-all" approach that potentially contributes to disparities in service delivery. This approach generally ignores ethnic distinctions within broad racial/ ethnic categorizations such as black Americans and Latinos. The Cape Verdean Women’s Project explores the population of Cape Verdeans in the United States. Findings indicate that they are not only often culturally misidentified but also misunderstood especially as it relates to issues of disability. This study demonstrates how race, gender, and culture interact and often contradict mainstream disability philosophy and service practices.
La prépondérance étatique et les compétences municipales sur l’eau et le forage : étude de la validité d’un règlement de la Ville de Gaspé
Authors: Rousseau Guillaume 
Published: October 2014

Le Règlement déterminant les distances séparatrices pour protéger les sources d’eau et puits artésiens et de surface dans la ville de Gaspé, qui interdit les forages près des sources d’eau, a été déclaré inopérant en février 2014. Pourtant, l’article 246 de la Loi sur l’aménagement et l’urbanisme, qui soustrait les opérations minières à cette loi, ne devrait pas affecter un règlement qui n’en découle pas exclusivement. Et l’article 124 de la Loi sur la qualité de l’environnement ne devrait pas rendre le règlement de la ville inopérant malgré l’existence de règlements gouvernementaux concernant l’environnement ou l’eau, soit un objet semblable mais non identique. La compétence en matière d’environnement et la compétence générale de la Loi sur les compétences municipales pourraient autoriser les municipalités à adopter un règlement visant les sources d’eau et touchant le forage pétrolier. Il n’y a pas de conflit réel entre le Règlement déterminant les distances séparatrices pour protéger les sources d’eau et puits artésiens et de surface dans la ville de Gaspé et le Règlement sur le pétrole, le gaz naturel et les réservoirs souterrains.
La expresión musical al servicio de la integración del conocimiento: Música en Educación Secundaria y currículum en red
Authors: Pérez García Macarena 
Published: October 2014

Este trabajo, extraído de mi Trabajo Final del Máster en Profesor/a de Educación Secundaria, propone la organización en red de los contenidos del currículum de Secundaria correspondientes a la asignatura de Música. Se trata de un modelo muy desarrollado durante las últimas décadas por teóricos de la didáctica de las artes visuales como A. D. Efland, que consiste en la creación de retículas mediante la interconexión de conceptos. Su objetivo es potenciar la capacidad de análisis y relación de los estudiantes, así como transmitir una imagen más fiel del carácter interdisciplinar de las materias. Otros beneficios que se desprenden del currículum integrado, como se lo conoce también, son el aumento de la implicación del alumno en una dinámica de clase que se establece como dialogadora e interactiva, y el impulso de las competencias básicas. En definitiva, este trabajo nace de la convicción de que el modo en que se enseña es tan importante como lo que se enseña, o mejor, de que el modo en que se aprende es tan importante como lo que se aprende.http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/eari.5.3527
Influence of Educational Environment on Learning Engagement of Indigenous Students
Authors: GARCIA AMOR M. , CUIZON REYNALDO O. 
Published: October 2014

Poor learning engagement in the classroom as a global phenomenon has alsobeen observed among indigenous students. Such problem has been ascertainedin several ethnic groups throughout the globe including the African, Latin andAmerican Indians. Studies also revealed that indigenous students showed lessinterest and less engagement in learning than their non-indigenous peers. Thus,this study sought to determine the influence of learning environment on learningengagementof indigenous students.Usingcross-sectional,non-experimentalquantitativemethod and mean to measurethe levelof the conducivenessof thelearningenvironmentandtheleveloflearningengagementandlinearregressiontomeasurethedegreeof influence, thestudyrevealsthatconducivenessof learningenvironmentof schools for indigenous students was substantial and that thelearningengagement of indigenous students was oftentimes manifested. More-over, the 17.7% influence of the learning environment on the learning engagementof the indigenous students was seen to be significant.Keywords: Education, learning environment, learning engagement, student participation,indigenous students, indigenous people, descriptivedesign, Philippines
Implications of Uncollected Accounts to Fiscal and Operational Policy: A Case of Realty Corporation
Authors: TAN JOEL B. 
Published: October 2014

Uncollected account is a critical indicator of financial volatility, profitability,and customer satisfaction. This business research sought to address the uncollected receivables of a realty corporation in Davao City that brought the organization to difficult cash position and exposed its financial instruments to liquidity and creditrisks for years. The study employed a qualitative, case study design. Data weregathered and analyzed through direct interviews with experts, phone surveys, andfinancial statement audit. The instrument used was a self-constructed interviewguide validated by experts. The “case analysis and business problem solvingmodel”, a scientific process approach to any business problems, was utilized asa tool in identifying the principal problem and the best alternative solution.Results of the analyses and evaluation suggest that hiring an in-house credit andcollection personnel will yield the greatest value of net advantage among otheralternatives drawn. When properly executed, supported and sustained, the bestcourse of action shall help the company maintain a high quality of receivables interms of size and age, establish responsibility and accountability in its collectionpolicies and strategies, reduce delinquencies and bad debts at a tolerable rate,increase chances of recovery and salvaged revenues, and improve its cash flowcondition and exposures to financial risks.Keywords: Social Science, accounting, receivables, uncollected account, case study,Realty Corporation, descriptive design, Philippines
Sustainable Livelihood and Community Perception of Tourism Development: A Case Study of Langkawi Island, Malaysia
Authors: SALLEH NORLIDA HANIM MOHD , IDRIS SITI HAJAR MOHD , OTHMAN REDZUAN , ADNAN MOHD ABDULLAH 
Published: October 2014

This study is conducted in Langkawi Islands, Malaysia. Initially, majority ofthe people in the community are fisherfolks and farmers. In 1987, the island hasbeen declared as one of Malaysia’s tax-duty zones. By this declaration, it led to the rapid growth of the tourism industry and changed the socioeconomic pattern of the community. This study is trying to evaluate the level of livelihood sustainabilityof the community and their perception on the impact of tourism developmentin Langkawi Island. Descriptive design of livelihood sustainability frameworkdeveloped by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP, 2005) and mean analysis were utilized. Under livelihood sustainability, four assets/indicators wereanalyzed, namely: human assets, financial assets, physical assets and social assets.As for community perception, it covers three aspects that are economic, social andenvironmental aspects. Face-to-face interviews involving a total of 493 respondentswere conducted in November-December 2011. The results indicate that thedevelopment of tourism in Langkawi Island bringsbenefits to the community in terms of the increment in their human, financial, physical and social assets.Community perception also supports that they gained economically, sociallyand environmentally benefits from the development of the tourism industry inLangkawi Island. Therefore, various incentives should be given to encourage theirinvolvement in this industry.Keywords: Tourism development, community perception, sustainable livelihood,descriptive design, Malaysia
Parental Mediation on Children’s TV Advertising Exposure and Children’s Materialism and Purchase Requests
Authors: CHAVES MARY GRETCHEN F. 
Published: October 2014

This correlational study investigated parental mediation on children’s exposureto TV advertising and their children’s materialistic attitudes. It also examined the correlations between parental mediation and children’s requests to purchase merchandise. A dyadic survey of 250 parents and survey (aged 7-12) was conductedin early 2011 among urban middle income households in Cebu City, Philippines.Adopting the materialism measures of Buijzen and Valkenburg (2005) the resultsindicate that the children seem equivocal on “having a lot of money” and “owninga lot of things,” and shun being “able to buy things that cost a lot of money.”However, 70% have asked their parents to buy them merchandise seen advertisedon TV. Also adopting the parental mediation scale of Buijzen and Valkenburg(2005), the results show that parents guide their children about the value andcommercial intent of advertising but demonstrate more frequent mediation through “active” mediation behaviors than the “restrictive” mediation behaviors.The study concludes a negative correlation, albeit weak, between parents’ TVadvertising mediation and children’s attitudes on materialism, but none in thechildren’s request for merchandise advertised on TV.Keywords: Social sciences, TV advertising, parental TV mediation, factor analysis,correlational study, Philippines
Reflectance spectra of hydrated chlorine salts: The effect of temperature with implications for Europa
Authors: Hanley Jennifer , Dalton J. Brad , Chevrier Vincent F. , Jamieson Corey S. , Barrows R. Scott 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHydrated chlorine salts are expected to exist on a variety of planetary bodies, including inner planets such as Mars and outer planet satellites such as Europa. However, detection by remote sensing has been limited due to a lack of comparison data in spectral libraries. In addition, at low temperatures spectral features of many H2O‐bearing species deviate from their room temperature behavior. Thus, we acquired spectra of NaCl, NaClO4·nH2O, MgCl2·nH2O, Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O, and Mg(ClO3)2·6H2O from 0.35 to 2.5 µm at both 298 and 80 K to observe the effects of temperature on diagnostic spectral features. In the near‐infrared, the strongest spectral features often arise from water molecules. Increasing hydration states increases the depth and width of water bands. Interestingly, at low temperature these bands become narrower with sharper, better defined minima, allowing individual bands to be more easily resolved. We also measured frozen eutectic solutions of NaCl, MgCl2, and KCl. We show that while care must be taken to acquire laboratory spectra of all hydrated phases at the relevant conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure) for the planetary body being studied, chlorine salts do possess distinct spectral features that should allow for their detection by remote sensing.
Six centuries of changing oceanic mercury
Authors: Zhang Yanxu , Jaeglé Lyatt , Thompson LuAnne , Streets David G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a global and persistent contaminant, affecting human health primarily via marine fish consumption. Large anthropogenic releases of Hg to the atmosphere by mining and coal combustion have resulted in a significant perturbation to the biogeochemical cycling of Hg. The magnitude of this perturbation and the relative roles of the ocean and land as sinks for anthropogenic Hg remain unclear. Here we use a 3‐D global ocean biogeochemical model to show that surface ocean Hg concentrations have increased fourfold over the last 600 years. We find that anthropogenic Hg enters the ocean's interior predominantly by absorption onto sinking organic matter particulates, which decompose and release Hg at a depth of 500–800 m, implying that the human perturbation is largest in subsurface waters of biologically productive regions. Our model simulation predicts that over the last six centuries half of emitted anthropogenic Hg has accumulated in the oceans and marine sediments.
Skill improvement from increased ensemble size and model diversity
Authors: DelSole Timothy , Nattala Jyothi , Tippett Michael K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes an objective procedure for deciding if the skill of a combination of forecasts is significantly larger than that of a single forecast, and for deciding if the observed improvement is dominated by reduction of noise associated with ensemble averaging, or by addition of new predictable signals. Information theory provides an attractive framework for addressing these questions. The procedure is applied to El Niño–Southern Oscillation hindcasts from the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) and reveals that the observed skill advantage of the NMME compared to individual models is substantially greater than that expected from increased ensemble size alone and is more consistent with the addition of new signals.
On attenuation of seismic waves associated with flow in fractures
Authors: Vinci C. , Renner J. , Steeb H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHeterogeneity of porous media induces a number of fluid‐flow mechanisms causing attenuation of seismic waves. Attenuation induced by squirt‐type mechanisms has previously been analyzed for aspect ratios smaller or equal to 103. Using a hybrid‐dimensional modeling approach, particularly apt for large aspect ratio conduits, we numerically simulated deformation‐induced fluid flow along two intersecting fractures to investigate the physics of attenuation related to the interaction of fracture‐induced fluid flow and to leak‐off. Attenuation related to fracture flow increases in magnitude with increasing geometrical aspect ratio of the fracture. The inherent time scales of both flow mechanisms do not influence each other, but the faster process is associated with stronger attenuation than the slower process. Models relying on simple diffusion equations have rather limited potential for approximation of pressure transients.
Observation of collisionless shocks in a large current‐free laboratory plasma
Authors: Niemann C. , Gekelman W. , Constantin C. G. , Everson E. T. , Schaeffer D. B. , Bondarenko A. S. , Clark S. E. , Winske D. , Vincena S. , Van Compernolle B. , Pribyl P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report the first measurements of the formation and structure of a magnetized collisionless shock by a laser‐driven magnetic piston in a current‐free laboratory plasma. This new class of experiments combines a high‐energy laser system and a large magnetized plasma to transfer energy from a laser plasma plume to the ambient ions through collisionless coupling, until a self‐sustained MA∼ 2 magnetosonic shock separates from the piston. The ambient plasma is highly magnetized, current free, and large enough (17 m × 0.6 m) to support Alfvén waves. Magnetic field measurements of the structure and evolution of the shock are consistent with two‐dimensional hybrid simulations, which show Larmor coupling between the debris and ambient ions and the presence of reflected ions, which provide the dissipation. The measured shock formation time confirms predictions from computational work.
Modeling the relativistic runaway electron avalanche and the feedback mechanism with GEANT4
Authors: Skeltved Alexander Broberg , Østgaard Nikolai , Carlson Brant , Gjesteland Thomas , Celestin Sebastien 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the first study that uses the GEometry ANd Tracking 4 (GEANT4) toolkit to do quantitative comparisons with other modeling results related to the production of terrestrial gamma ray flashes and high‐energy particle emission from thunderstorms. We will study the relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) and the relativistic feedback process, as well as the production of bremsstrahlung photons from runaway electrons. The Monte Carlo simulations take into account the effects of electron ionization, electron by electron (Møller), and electron by positron (Bhabha) scattering as well as the bremsstrahlung process and pair production, in the 250 eV to 100 GeV energy range. Our results indicate that the multiplication of electrons during the development of RREAs and under the influence of feedback are consistent with previous estimates. This is important to validate GEANT4 as a tool to model RREAs and feedback in homogeneous electric fields. We also determine the ratio of bremsstrahlung photons to energetic electrons Nγ/Ne. We then show that the ratio has a dependence on the electric field, which can be expressed by the avalanche time τ(E) and the bremsstrahlung coefficient α(ϵ). In addition, we present comparisons of GEANT4 simulations performed with a “standard” and a “low‐energy” physics list both validated in the 1 keV to 100 GeV energy range. This comparison shows that the choice of physics list used in GEANT4 simulations has a significant effect on the results.
Survey analysis of chorus intensity at Saturn
Authors: Menietti J. D. , Averkamp T. F. , Groene J. B. , Horne R. B. , Shprits Y. Y. , Woodfield E. E. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Gurnett D. A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn order to conduct theoretical studies or modeling of pitch angle scattering of electrons by whistler mode chorus emission at Saturn, a knowledge of chorus occurrence and magnetic intensity levels, PB, as well as the distribution of PB relative to frequency and spatial parameters is essential. In this paper an extensive survey of whistler mode magnetic intensity levels at Saturn is carried out, and Gaussian fits of PB are performed. We fit the spectrum of wave magnetic intensity between the lower hybrid frequency and fceq/2 and for frequencies in the interval fceq/2 < f < 0.9 fceq, where fceq is the cyclotron frequency mapped to the equator. Saturn chorus is observed over most local times, but is dominant on the nightside in the range of 4.5 < L <7.5, with minimum power at the equator and peak power in the range of 5° < λ < 10°. Saturn wave magnetic intensity averaged in frequency bins peaks in the range of 10−5 < PB < 10−4 nT2 for 0.4 < β < 0.5 (β = f/fceq). Gaussian fits of PB with frequency and latitude are obtained for lower band chorus. Plasma injection regions are occasionally encountered with significant chorus power levels. Upper band chorus is seen almost exclusively within plasma injection regions, and the number of events is very limited, but when present, the average levels of PB can be higher than the lower band chorus. The overall magnetic intensity contribution of the upper band, however, is insignificant relative to the lower band.