bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally Long MTBE Plumes of the Past Have Greatly Diminished
Authors: McDade James M. , Connor John A. , Paquette Shawn M. , Small Julia M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStudies published in the late 1990s and early 2000s identified the presence of exceptionally long methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) plumes (more than 600 m or 2000 feet) in groundwater and have been cited in technical literature as characteristic of MTBE plumes. However, the scientific literature is incomplete in regard to the subsequent behavior and fate of these MTBE plumes over the past decade. To address this gap, this issue paper compiles recent groundwater monitoring records for nine exceptional plumes that were identified in prior studies. These nine sites exhibited maximum historical MTBE groundwater plume lengths ranging from 820 m (2700 feet) to 3200 m (10,500 feet) in length, exceeding the lengths of 99% of MTBE plumes, as characterized in multiple surveys at underground storage tank sites across the United States. Groundwater monitoring data compiled in our review demonstrate that these MTBE plumes have decreased in length over the past decade, with five of the nine plumes exhibiting decreases of 75% or more compared to their historical maximum lengths. MTBE concentrations within these plumes have decreased by 93% to 100%, with two of the nine sites showing significant decreases (98% and 99%) such that the regulatory authority has subsequently designated the site as requiring no further action.
The Impact of Dynamic Environmental Flow Releases on Hydropower Production in the Zambezi River Basin
Authors: Nyatsanza F.F. , Graas S. , van der Zaag P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIncorporation of environmental flow releases from reservoirs has proven to be challenging due to fear of losses to existing water uses. Moreover environmental flow requirements (EFR) have not often been operationalized. This study compares the possibility of implementing dynamic EFR based on natural flows lagged against an upstream unregulated gauging point with static EFR. It simulates different scenarios with a high flow release in the wet season and analyses its impacts on hydropower production. This method accounts fully for the natural variability of environmental flows, implying less pressure on existing water uses during relatively dry years. Joint operation of two cascading dams vs. individual operation for EFR was also explored. These approaches were tested for the Zambezi River basin in Southern Africa using a water resources model, WAFLEX. Historic data on reservoir water levels, releases and power generation of the hydropower schemes were synthesized. Combining these yielded a validated series of monthly flow data for a 28 year period (1982‐2010). The results show that Kariba and Cahora Bassa reservoirs face a reduction in power produced when they would annually release an environmental flow. However, the dynamic EFR method entails smaller hydropower losses. Joint environmental flow operations will reduce overall basin power production more than if Cahora Bassa alone would release an environmental flow. However, such joint operation would be more beneficial to the ecosystem.
Does Surgeon Subjective Nerve Sparing Score Predict Recovery Time of Erectile Function Following Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy?
Authors: Kang Sung Gu , Schatloff Oscar , Haidar Abdul Muhsin , Samavedi Srinivas , Palmer Kenneth J. , Cheon Jun , Patel Vipul R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Introduction
During robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), the quality of nerve sparing (NS) was usually classified by laterality of NS (none, unilateral, and bilateral) or degree of NS (none, partial, and full). Recently, side-specific NS have been more frequently performed, but previous NS grading system might not reflect the differential NS in each side.

Aim
Herein, we assessed whether a subjective NS score (NSS) incorporating both degree of NS and NS laterality can predict the time to potency recovery following RARP.

Methods
Data were analyzed from 1,898 patients who had left and right neurovascular bundle sparing quality scores and at least one year of follow-up after RARP was performed between January 2008 and October 2011.

Main Outcome Measures
Cox proportional hazard method analyses were used to determine predictive factors for early recovery. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess subjective NSS in an effort to predict time to potency recovery. Subjective NSSs were compared to a model based on the three grades according to laterality and degree.

Results
Time to potency recovery showed a statistically significant difference in favor of higher NSS by the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (NSS 0 vs. NSS 5–6, 7–8, and 9–10; P &lt; 0.01). The regression model indicated that the statistical significance of the subjective NSS covering the differential NS is not different from that of the conventional three-grade scales, while it has a higher R2. The regression equation with subjective NSS was as follows: Log (Time) = 5.163 − (0.035 × SHIM Score) + 0.028 Age − (0.101 × Subjective  NSS).

Conclusion
The subjective NSS can reflect NS degree for each side based on the visual cues. Regression model can be used to help inform the patient about the time to postoperative potency regain, which is an important patient concern following RARP.
NITRIC OXIDE‐ASSOCIATED PROTEIN1 (AtNOA1) is essential for salicylic acid‐induced root waving in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Wang Jin , Yuan Jing , Wang Xi‐li , Zhao Qing‐ping , Kong Pei‐tao , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Root waving responses have been attributed to both environmental and genetics factors, but the potential inducers and transducers of root waving remain elusive. Thus, the identification of novel signal elements related to root waving is an intriguing field of research.

Genetic, physiological, cytological, live cell imaging, and pharmacological approaches provide strong evidence for the involvement of Arabidopsis thaliana NITRIC OXIDE‐ASSOCIATED PROTEIN1 (AtNOA1) in salicylic acid (SA)‐induced root waving.

SA specially induced root waving, with an overall decrease in root elongation in A. thaliana, and this SA‐induced response was disrupted in the Atnoa1 mutant, as well as in nonexpresser of pathogenesis‐related genes 1 (npr1), which is defective in SA‐mediated plant defense signal transduction, but not in npr3/4 single and double mutants. The expression assays revealed that the abundance of AtNOA1 was significantly increased by application of SA. Genetic and pharmacological analyses showed that SA‐induced root waving involved an AtNOA1‐dependent Ca2+ signal transduction pathway, and PIN‐FORMED2 (PIN2) ‐based polar auxin transport possibly plays a crucial role in this process.

Our work suggests that SA signaling through NPR1 and AtNOA1 is involved in the control of root waving, which provides new insights into the mechanisms that control root growth behavior on a hard agar surface.
Wittgenstein's Anti‐Platonist Argument
Authors: McNally Thomas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMany interpreters have noted that §§138–242 of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations is dominated by an attack on a platonist or classical realist conception of rules and meaning. In this paper, I address the lack of clarity that still exists concerning the nature and strength of the arguments in those sections. I argue that Wittgenstein's attack is genuinely compelling if viewed as an intricate reductio ad absurdum argument that runs all the way through §§138–201. On my reading, the well‐known regress‐of‐interpretations argument is merely one stage in the overall reductio and is not sufficient on its own to generate the rule‐following paradox.
Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Methylene Blue‐Mediated Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: An in vitro Study
Authors: Ye Tinglu , Chen Bancheng , Yu Bo , Zhong Qili , Huang Guoxin , Hu Xiaoping , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to detect the susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to methylene blue‐mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). Three U. urealyticum strains including the standard serotype 1 and 5, and a clinically collected strain were used in this study. Strains were first incubated in 96‐well culture plates in the presence of methylene blue with decreasing concentrations (from 1 to 0.015625 mg mL−1) for 20 or 60 min, and then submitted to irradiation with a light‐emitting diode laser with a power density of 100 mW cm−2 for 8, 17, 34 or 68 min. Regrowth of the strains was performed soon after irradiation. A significant inactivation effect was observed after PACT. Longer incubation time induced more extensive inactivation of U. urealyticum. No difference in response to PACT was observed between the two biovars of U. urealyticum. It was concluded that PACT had a significant inactivation effect on U. urealyticum, and it might be a promising alternative treatment for resistant U. urealyticum infections.
Gender Congruence and Work Effort in Manager–Employee Relationships
Authors: Marvel John D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article uses data on public school teachers and principals to examine whether teachers who share the gender of their principal work more overtime hours than teachers who do not. Findings show that gender congruence is associated with overtime hours for female teachers but not for male teachers. This result holds between schools and within schools: female teachers with female principals work more overtime hours than female teachers with male principals, and female teachers with female principals work more overtime hours than male teachers who work in the same school, for the same female principal. In light of multiple competing explanations for this finding, the author explores why gender congruence matters for female teachers but not for male teachers.
Practitioner Points
Female teachers with female principals work more overtime hours than female teachers with male principals.
Female teachers with female principals work more overtime hours than male teachers who work in the same schools, for the same female principals.
Gender congruence is not associated with overtime hours among male teachers.
Female teachers’ overtime hours are associated with female principals’ overtime hours, suggesting that female teachers emulate female principals’ work behavior.
Vertically Related Markets, Foreign Competition and Optimal Privatization Policy
Authors: Chang Winston W. , Ryu Han Eol 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the optimal privatization policy in vertically related markets in which an upstream public firm competes with a foreign private rival in supplying a produced input to the domestic and foreign downstream firms competing in the domestic market. It shows that if the upstream public firm's market share is sufficiently high, full nationalization is optimal and the resulting profit margin is positive. However, complete privatization is never optimal. Numerical simulations reveal both the diverse optimal privatization regimes and the patterns of optimal privatization levels with varying numbers of the domestic and foreign downstream firms.
Male infants with hypospadias and/or cryptorchidism show a lower 2D/4D digit ratio than normal boys
Authors: Abbo O , Ferdynus C , Kalfa N , Huiart L , Sauvat F , Harper L H 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundIn humans the ratio of the index finger to the ring finger is sexually dimorphic, with the mean ratio being larger in women than in men. It has been suggested that this difference is related to prenatal androgen exposure. This has been further demonstrated in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Normal development of the male external genitalia is linked to androgen-mediated events during gestation. We therefore wanted to determine if the 2D:4D digit ratio was normal in boys with cryptorchidism or hypospadias.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled all prepubertal patients seen in the outpatient clinic for cryptorchidism or hypospadias between September and December 2012. We then compared their 2D:4D digit ratio with two control groups made up of normal boys and normal girls. Interobserver and intraobserver variability was evaluated.ResultsWe included 57 boys with hypospadias and/or cryptorchidism, 79 boys without genital abnormalities and 25 girls without genital abnormalities. The mean 2D:4D ratio for both hands was significantly different between the three groups, with the digit ratio for boys with genital anomalies being lower than for normal boys and normal girls (p<0.0001).ConclusionsIt appears that boys with genital abnormalities (cryptorchidism and/or hypospadias) have a lower 2D:4D digit ratio than boys without genital anomalies.
Sudden onset hemiplegia at high altitude
Authors: Chandler Henry C , Mellor A 
Published: February 2015

Travel to high altitude and the incumbent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia leads to a prothrombotic state. This may increase the likelihood of thromboembolic events, including stroke, in otherwise healthy individuals. While there have been sporadic anecdotal reports of ‘stroke-like’ syndromes at high altitude for over 100 years, there are surprisingly few detailed reports supported by imaging.This report describes a case of posterior circulation infarct thought to be due to a paradoxical embolus through a patent foramen ovale. The relationship between high-altitude physiology, increased incidence of thromboembolism and the significance of patent foramen are discussed in the report.
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy in a dog imaged with CT
Authors: Hill Myfanwy , Scudder Christopher J , Glanemann Barbara , Drees Randi 
Published: February 2015

A seven‐month‐old male neutered cross‐breed dog presented with non‐specific signs of lethargy, pyrexia and pain on manipulation of the limbs, which progressed over a period of 24 hours to a non‐ambulatory state with pain over multiple metaphyses. The patient underwent diagnostic imaging examinations, including radiography and CT, and arthrocentesis was performed, which demonstrated a sterile, neutrophilic infiltrate. On the basis of diagnostic tests, a diagnosis of hypertrophic osteodystrophy was made. The patient was managed initially with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory medication and adjunctive analgesia. The patient failed to respond to this protocol and hence was changed onto a tapering course of steroids initially at immunosuppressive levels to which he responded well. This case report provides the first description of hypertrophic osteodystrophy using CT and supports the use of arthrocentesis in the diagnostic plan for suspected cases of hypertrophic osteodystrophy in the dog.
Using physical and emotional parameters to assess donkey welfare in Botswana
Authors: Geiger Martha , Hovorka Alice J. 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionWorking donkeys in Maun, Botswana contribute to people's livelihoods substantially through the provision of transport, ploughing and income generating activities. However, working donkeys suffer from various welfare issues that were investigated in this study to provide preliminary insights on their health and well‐being.Materials and methodsAn assessment protocol involving direct observations of the donkeys was developed and operationalised to assess physical and emotional welfare. Physical welfare parameters such as body condition score, abnormal limbs, impeded gait, eye abnormalities, sore and scar locations, hoof and coat condition were recorded. Emotional welfare parameters such as eyes, tail movement, ear position, neck position, posture and vocalisation were recorded. In addition, donkey‐owner interactions were recorded and scored, as well as the donkey's response to environmental factors. A total cross‐section of 100 donkeys sub‐stratified by roles of riding, cart pulling and resting were randomly selected in eight villages and three urban wards and assessed during the period of May to August 2012.ResultsThe findings reveals that the 100 adult working donkeys assessed were physically afflicted by poor BCSs of two (66 per cent), long and cracked hooves (50 per cent), sores on at least two locations on their body (53 per cent), scars on at least two locations on their body (86 per cent), and poor coat conditions (58 per cent). Emotionally, donkeys displayed unresponsiveness (35 per cent), avoidance (31 per cent), disinterest in hand sniffing (59 per cent), dull facial expression (33 per cent), tail stillness (89 per cent), neck stiffness and/or raised head (13 per cent) or head hanging low (32 per cent visibly withdrawn), and tense ears pointing back or to the side (69 per cent). By contrast, the remaining donkeys (31 per cent) exhibited a happy demeanour of curiosity, interest, alert facial expression, tail swishing, relaxed ears pointed to the side or forward and neck relaxed and/or level.ConclusionsThis study offers preliminary findings from an investigation into the welfare of working donkeys in Greater Maun, Botswana, and provides baseline research to inform future research and strategies to enhance donkey well‐being.
Molecular Pathways: Trafficking of Metabolic Resources in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Romero Iris L. , Mukherjee Abir , Kenny Hilary A. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Lengyel Ernst 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A model of tumor metabolism is proposed that describes how the complementary metabolic functions of the local stroma and the tumor cells contribute to cancer progression. Cancer cells alter the metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts to obtain lactate and amino acids, which are utilized for energy production, rapid growth, and resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Cancer cells use glutamine supplied by cancer-associated fibroblasts to replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and as a nitrogen source for nucleotide synthesis. Moreover, adipocytes in the microenvironment attract cancer cells through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and proteases. The cancer cells then induce metabolic changes in the adipocytes to acquire free fatty acids that are oxidized by cancer cells to generate energy for proliferation. Increasing knowledge about the metabolic symbiosis within the tumor has led to novel therapeutic strategies designed to restrict metabolic adaptation, including inhibiting lactate transporters and repurposing antidiabetic drugs (thiazolidinediones, metformin). Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 680–6. ©2015 AACR.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Stayin' Alive—Antiapoptotic Proteins and Breast Cancer
Authors: Yee Douglas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The control of cell death involves a complex interaction of multiple proteins. In a study published in the January 1, 2000, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Tanaka and colleagues demonstrated that one of the proapoptotic proteins, survivin, was frequently expressed in breast cancer. In the subsequent years, effectors of apoptosis have translated into important prognostic indicators and potential therapeutic targets. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 665–6. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Tanaka et al., Clin Cancer Res 2000;6(1) January 2000;127–34
Toward a Material Modernism: Introduction to S. R. Choucair's
“How the Arab Understood Visual Art”
Authors: Scheid Kirsten 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This introduction and commentary on Saloua Raouda Choucair's article “How the Arab Understood Visual Art” (translation by author in this issue) sets the context in which a private rebuke Choucair addressed to a former colleague for his ethnocentric cultural criticism became a quasi-manifesto for art (and social) modernism. It inventories the conceptual shifts Choucair pursued in her reevaluation of cultural criticism: shifts in the approach to time, matter, visuality, and Arabness. It explicates the lessons Choucair learned from Sufic Arab science, math, and philosophy (particularly Alhazenian optics) toward extracting an essentialist view of matter, which allowed art a serious public role for teaching people the possibilities available in modern social existence. It relates these findings to Choucair's own visual art.
How the Arab Understood Visual Art
Authors: Choucair Saloua Raouda 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This introduction and commentary on Saloua Raouda Choucair's article “How the Arab Understood Visual Art” (translation by author in this issue) sets the context in which a private rebuke Choucair addressed to a former colleague for his ethnocentric cultural criticism became a quasi-manifesto for art (and social) modernism. It inventories the conceptual shifts Choucair pursued in her reevaluation of cultural criticism: shifts in the approach to time, matter, visuality, and Arabness. It explicates the lessons Choucair learned from Sufic Arab science, math, and philosophy (particularly Alhazenian optics) toward extracting an essentialist view of matter, which allowed art a serious public role for teaching people the possibilities available in modern social existence. It relates these findings to Choucair's own visual art.
Arctic Sea Ice Reemergence: The Role of Large-Scale Oceanic and Atmospheric Variability*
Authors: Bushuk Mitchell , Giannakis Dimitrios , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Arctic sea ice reemergence is a phenomenon in which spring sea ice anomalies are positively correlated with fall anomalies, despite a loss of correlation over the intervening summer months. This work employs a novel data analysis algorithm for high-dimensional multivariate datasets, coupled nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA), to investigate the regional and temporal aspects of this reemergence phenomenon. Coupled NLSA modes of variability of sea ice concentration (SIC), sea surface temperature (SST), and sea level pressure (SLP) are studied in the Arctic sector of a comprehensive climate model and in observations. It is found that low-dimensional families of NLSA modes are able to efficiently reproduce the prominent lagged correlation features of the raw sea ice data. In both the model and observations, these families provide an SST–sea ice reemergence mechanism, in which melt season (spring) sea ice anomalies are imprinted as SST anomalies and stored over the summer months, allowing for sea ice anomalies of the same sign to reappear in the growth season (fall). The ice anomalies of each family exhibit clear phase relationships between the Barents–Kara Seas, the Labrador Sea, and the Bering Sea, three regions that compose the majority of Arctic sea ice variability. These regional phase relationships in sea ice have a natural explanation via the SLP patterns of each family, which closely resemble the Arctic Oscillation and the Arctic dipole anomaly. These SLP patterns, along with their associated geostrophic winds and surface air temperature advection, provide a large-scale teleconnection between different regions of sea ice variability. Moreover, the SLP patterns suggest another plausible ice reemergence mechanism, via their winter-to-winter regime persistence.