bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide des personnes écrouées en France : évolution et facteurs de risque
Authors: Duthé Géraldine , Hazard Angélique , Kensey Annie 
Published: April 2015

Le niveau de suicide en prison est actuellement élevé en France : 18,5 suicides pour 10 000 personnes écrouées pendant la période 2005-2010, soit sept fois plus qu’en population générale. Cet article présente l’évolution du suicide depuis le milieu du xix e siècle, mettant en avant une spécificité croissante du suicide en milieu carcéral par rapport à la population générale. L’analyse porte ensuite sur les associations qui existent entre les risques de suicide et les caractéristiques individuelles, à partir de la base de gestion de l’administration pénitentiaire qui regroupe l’ensemble des séjours sous écrou observés en France entre le 1 er janvier 2006 et le 15 juillet 2009. Sur cette période, près de 378 000 séjours ont été observés (correspondant à plus de 221 000 personnes-années) et 378 suicides ont été identifiés. Les résultats confirment la vulnérabilité des personnes en détention provisoire et montrent le rôle prépondérant de l’isolement, qu’il soit physique ou social, ainsi que celui de la nature de l’infraction qui a motivé la mise sous écrou. Si l’amélioration de l’environnement du détenu est un point mis en avant dans les nouvelles politiques de prévention, la nature de l’infraction, comme facteur de risque suicidaire, devrait également être prise en compte.
La matrice pénale
Authors: Roux Sébastien 
Published: April 2015

La Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse est une direction du ministère de la Justice chargée de l’éducation des mineur-e-s « sous main de justice ». Suivi-e-s par des juges pour enfants dans le cadre de la protection des mineurs délinquants (ordonnance de 1945) et des enfants en danger (ordonnance de 1958), ces mineur-e-s sont pris-e-s en charge par des professionnel-le-s de la PJJ, éducateur-trice-s principalement, mais aussi psychologues et assistant-e-s de travail social. À partir de données recueillies lors d’une enquête ethnographique conduite en 2010 au sein d’un Service Territorial de Milieu Ouvert (STEMO), cet article interroge les pratiques et les discours des professionnels qui érigent l’autonomie et la responsabilité en valeurs matricielles et justificatrices de leur action. Le travail socio-judiciaire est ainsi appréhendé comme un processus institutionnel visant à fabriquer des sujets acceptables, futurs adultes autonomes et responsables, c’est-à-dire aptes à exister comme sujets indépendants, distincts et de valeur, parce que normés. Cet article interroge ainsi la dimension réhabilitative du contrôle, pour problématiser le travail social comme une pédagogie contraignante qui cherche à faire advenir les mineurs comme sujets aux capacités supérieures, en travaillant à la transformation de leurs désirs et de leurs volontés.
Pressure ulcers: Current understanding and newer modalities of treatment
Authors: Bhattacharya Surajit , Mishra R. K. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the mechanism, symptoms, causes, severity, diagnosis, prevention and present recommendations for surgical as well as non-surgical management of pressure ulcers. Particular focus has been placed on the current understandings and the newer modalities for the treatment of pressure ulcers. The paper also covers the role of nutrition and pressure-release devices such as cushions and mattresses as a part of the treatment algorithm for preventing and quick healing process of these wounds. Pressure ulcers develop primarily from pressure and shear; are progressive in nature and most frequently found in bedridden, chair bound or immobile people. They often develop in people who have been hospitalised for a long time generally for a different problem and increase the overall time as well as cost of hospitalisation that have detrimental effects on patient’s quality of life. Loss of sensation compounds the problem manifold, and failure of reactive hyperaemia cycle of the pressure prone area remains the most important aetiopathology. Pressure ulcers are largely preventable in nature, and their management depends on their severity. The available literature about severity of pressure ulcers, their classification and medical care protocols have been described in this paper. The present treatment options include various approaches of cleaning the wound, debridement, optimised dressings, role of antibiotics and reconstructive surgery. The newer treatment options such as negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, cell therapy have been discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of current and newer methods have also been described.
Review of clinical and endoscopic features of metastatic tumors of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Mohanprasad V G. , Patil Praveen M. , Prasad Madhura S. , K. Shanker R Gokul 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Aim: The aim was to determine the utility of capsule endoscopy (CE) in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Materials and Methods: A prospective study of patients who underwent CE at our institution from 2002 to 2010. Results: A total of 259 patients were included in this study (mean age 52.3 years; 200 male and 59 female), including 175 with overt OGIB, and 20 with occult OGIB, underwent CE. One hundred eighty-nine of 195 patients (96%) with OGIB had positive findings. Gastric erosions (23%), duodenal erosions (13%) and ileal erosions (11%) were the most frequent findings. Conclusion: Capsule endoscopy is a useful diagnostic technique in patients with OGIB.
La investigación sobre fisiognomía y expresión de las pasiones: objetivos y metodología.
Authors: Albero Muñoz María del Mar 
Published: April 2015

La búsqueda de la expresividad emocional en las artes durante el siglo XVII guió tanto a artistas como a teóricos en el análisis de la expresión de las pasiones, la fisiogmonía y la apariencia de las emociones. Este tema se desarrolló en la literatura artística desde la antigüedad hasta esa época por escritores como Pseudo-Aristóteles, Alberti, Leonardo o Gaurico. Este trabajo presenta los métodos de investigación aplicados en el estudio de la influencia de estas teorías en la literatura artística española del siglo XVII, principalmente en los tratados de Vicente Carducho, Francisco Pacheco y Jusepe Martínez. Estos teóricos, tal y como se demuestra en el trabajo, utilizaron distintos métodos y compartieron diferentes experiencias en sus tratados, pero a todos ellos les impulsaba una misma finalidad, la de guiar en la práctica de la pintura y en la ilustración de las emociones del alma a artistas más jóvenes.
The search of the emotional expressivity in the arts during the 17th century, guided both artists and theorist to the analysis of the expression of the passions, the physiognomy and the appearance of emotions. This subject had been developed into the artistic literature from the ancient times until this century by writers like Pseudo-Aristotle, Alberti, Leonardo or Gaurico. This study analyzes the research methods applied to know the influence of these theories into the Spanish XVII century artistic literature. Mainly in the study of the treatises wrote by Vicente Carducho, Francisco Pacheco and Jusepe Martinez, showing the different paths used by them in order to guide other painters to illustrate the emotions of the soul.
Analysis of plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes inferred from low‐altitude POES electron data: Technique sensitivity analysis
Authors: de Soria‐Santacruz M. , Li W. , Thorne R. M. , Ma Q. , Bortnik J. , Ni B. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J. F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA novel technique capable of inferring wave amplitudes from low‐altitude electron measurements from the Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) spacecraft has been previously proposed to construct a global dynamic model of chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves. In this paper we focus on plasmaspheric hiss, which is an incoherent broadband emission that plays a dominant role in the loss of energetic electrons from the inner magnetosphere. We analyze the sensitivity of the POES technique to different inputs used to infer the hiss wave amplitudes during three conjunction events with the Van Allen Probes. These amplitudes are calculated with different input models of the plasma density, wave frequency spectrum, and electron energy spectrum, and the results are compared to the wave observations from the twin Van Allen Probes. Only one parameter is varied at a time in order to isolate its effect on the output, while the two other inputs are set to the values observed by the Van Allen Probes. The results show that the predicted hiss amplitudes are most sensitive to the adopted frequency spectrum, followed by the plasma density, but they are not very sensitive to the electron energy spectrum. Moreover, the standard Gaussian representation of the wave frequency spectrum (centered at 550 Hz) peaks at frequencies that are much higher than those observed in individual cases as well as in statistical wave distributions, which produces large overestimates of the hiss wave amplitude. For this reason, a realistic statistical model of the wave frequency spectrum should be used in the POES technique to infer the plasmaspheric hiss wave intensity rather than a standard Gaussian distribution, since the former better reproduces the observed plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes.
Convective intensity, vertical precipitation structures, and microphysics of two contrasting convective regimes during the 2008 TiMREX
Authors: Xu Weixin , Zipser Edward J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the convective/microphysical properties and precipitation structures of seven rainfall events in southwest Taiwan during the 2008 Terrain‐influenced Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (TiMREX). TiMREX heavy rainfall events (>50 mm d−1) are characterized by upstream low‐level jets, unstable upstream conditions, and a nearly moist neutral stratification within the heavy rain region. Three heavy rainfall events (2, 5, and 16 June) have only weak to moderate convection and little lightning; e.g., less than 10% of their rainfall is associated with intense convective cells (maximum 40 dBZ height > 8 km). Polarimetric radar measurements indicate that large precipitation‐size ice particles well above the freezing level (5 km) are rare in these events. Their vertical profiles of radar reflectivity (VPRR) decrease rapidly above the 0°C level but increase downward below that level. These VPRRs are believed to be associated with weak updrafts and active warm‐rain collision and coalescence processes at low levels with raindrops falling through the updraft. In contrast, the 14 June heavy rainfall event is more intense, is ice‐based, and exhibits continental characteristics; e.g., 60% of its rainfall is contributed by active thunderstorms (>10 flashes min−1). This and other intense storms (26 May and 13 June) have robust lightning (>500 strikes h−1) and pronounced radar reflectivity in the mixed‐phase region, indicating strong updrafts and vigorous ice‐based processes. Significant amounts of large graupel/small hail are present in the mixed‐phase region of these events. Furthermore, their VPRRs decrease or stay constant downward below the freezing level.
A hybrid wavelet analysis–cloud model data‐extending approach for meteorologic and hydrologic time series
Authors: Wang Dong , Ding Hao , Singh Vijay P. , Shang Xiaosan , Liu Dengfeng , Wang Yuankun , Zeng Xiankui , Wu Jichun , Wang Lachun , Zou Xinqing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFor scientific and sustainable management of water resources, hydrologic and meteorologic data series need to be often extended. This paper proposes a hybrid approach, named WA‐CM (wavelet analysis–cloud model), for data series extension. Wavelet analysis has time‐frequency localization features, known as “mathematics microscope,” that can decompose and reconstruct hydrologic and meteorologic series by wavelet transform. The cloud model is a mathematical representation of fuzziness and randomness and has strong robustness for uncertain data. The WA‐CM approach first employs the wavelet transform to decompose the measured nonstationary series and then uses the cloud model to develop an extension model for each decomposition layer series. The final extension is obtained by summing the results of extension of each layer. Two kinds of meteorologic and hydrologic data sets with different characteristics and different influence of human activity from six (three pairs) representative stations are used to illustrate the WA‐CM approach. The approach is also compared with four other methods, which are conventional correlation extension method, Kendall‐Theil robust line method, artificial neural network method (back propagation, multilayer perceptron, and radial basis function), and single cloud model method. To evaluate the model performance completely and thoroughly, five measures are used, which are relative error, mean relative error, standard deviation of relative error, root mean square error, and Thiel inequality coefficient. Results show that the WA‐CM approach is effective, feasible, and accurate and is found to be better than other four methods compared. The theory employed and the approach developed here can be applied to extension of data in other areas as well.
Ein praktikables räumliches Maß für Effekte statischer Elektronenkorrelation und deren Visualisierung
Authors: Grimme Stefan , Hansen Andreas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie Einbeziehung von dynamischer und statischer Elektronenkorrelation (SEK) ist unerlässlich für hochgenaue quantenchemische (QC) Berechnungen, wobei die SEK besonders schwierig zu beschreiben ist. Daher ist ein qualitatives Verständnis wichtig, um die Anwendbarkeit von approximativen QC‐Methoden zu beurteilen. Bereits vorhandenen SEK‐Diagnostiken fehlt jedoch die wichtige Information, wo in einem Molekül SEK‐Effekte auftreten. Wir stellen ein Analysewerkzeug vor, welches auf einer mit gebrochenzahlig besetzten Orbitalen gewichteten Elektronendichte (ρFOD, “fractional occupation density”) basiert und in 3D mit einem vordefinierten Konturwert als Isofläche dargestellt wird. Dieses Skalarfeld wird aus einer Dichtefunktionaltheorie(DFT)‐Rechnung mit einer festen elektronischen Temperatur (z. B. TPSS mit 5000 K) erhalten. FOD‐Visualisierungen zeigen nur die Beiträge “heißer” (stark korrelierter) Elektronen. Wir diskutieren FOD‐Abbildungen für eine breite Palette von typischen chemischen Systemen, angefangen von kleinen Molekülen bis hin zu großen, konjugierten Molekülen mit Polyradikalcharakter. Durch räumliche Integration der ρFOD erhält man eine Maßzahl, welche zur weiteren Quantifizierung der SEK benutzt werden kann.
Responsive Inverse Opal Hydrogels for the Sensing of Macromolecules
Authors: Couturier Jean‐Philippe , Sütterlin Martin , Laschewsky André , Hettrich Cornelia , Wischerhoff Erik 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDual responsive inverse opal hydrogels were designed as autonomous sensor systems for (bio)macromolecules, exploiting the analyte‐induced modulation of the opal’s structural color. The systems that are based on oligo(ethylene glycol) macromonomers additionally incorporate comonomers with various recognition units. They combine a coil‐to‐globule collapse transition of the LCST type with sensitivity of the transition temperature toward molecular recognition processes. This enables the specific detection of macromolecular analytes, such as glycopolymers and proteins, by simple optical methods. While the inverse opal structure assists the effective diffusion even of large analytes into the photonic crystal, the stimulus responsiveness gives rise to strong shifts of the optical Bragg peak of more than 100 nm upon analyte binding at a given temperature. The systems’ design provides a versatile platform for the development of easy‐to‐use, fast, and low‐cost sensors for pathogens.
A Practicable Real‐Space Measure and Visualization of Static Electron‐Correlation Effects
Authors: Grimme Stefan , Hansen Andreas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe inclusion of dynamical and static electron correlation (SEC) is mandatory for accurate quantum chemistry (QC). SEC is particularly difficult to calculate and hence a qualitative understanding is important to judge the applicability of approximate QC methods. Existing scalar SEC diagnostics, however, lack the important information where the SEC effects occur in a molecule. We introduce an analysis tool based on a fractional occupation number weighted electron density (ρFOD) that is plotted in 3D for a pre‐defined contour surface value. The scalar field is obtained by finite‐temperature DFT calculations with pre‐defined electronic temperature (e.g. TPSS at 5000 K). FOD plots only show the contribution of the “hot” (strongly correlated) electrons. We discuss illustrative plots for a broad range of chemical systems from small molecules to large conjugated molecules with polyradicaloid character. Spatial integration yields a single number which can be used to globally quantify SEC.
Development of a nanocomposite of polypropylene with biocide action from silver nanoparticles
Authors: Oliani Washington Luiz , Parra Duclerc Fernandes , Lima Luis Filipe Carvalho Pedroso , Lincopan Nilton , Lugao Ademar Benevolo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents the production of films based on blends of polypropylene (PP) and modified PP with the insertion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced to generate a bactericidal effect. The 50/50 blend of PP and PP modified by irradiation in acetylene at a dose of 12.5 kGy was processed in a twin‐screw extruder. The addition of AgNPs in poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) solution was performed during processing in the extruder. The material was characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cytotoxicity assay, and a reduction in colony‐forming units. The PP–PVP1% AgNP film showed silver particles in the nanoscale, presented no cytotoxicity for mammalian cells, and presented antimicrobial effects against Gram‐negativeEscherichia coliand Gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureusbacteria. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42218.
Effects of compatibilizer, compounding method, extrusion parameters, and nanofiller loading in clay‐reinforced recycled HDPE/PET nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Ruey Shan , Ahmad Sahrim , Gan Sinyee , Ab Ghani Mohd Hafizuddin , Salleh Mohd Nazry 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTNanocomposites based on recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE), recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET), and organoclay (C10A) were made using twin screw extruder followed by hot pressing. The independent effects of polymer/clay compatibility, preparation method, extrusion parameters, and clay loadings were investigated. Ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate could effectively improve the compatibilization of immiscible rHDPE/rPET blend with clay, which confirmed by the good polymers‐clay adherence and domain size reduction obtained in scanning electron microscopy images. Although intercalated structures were observed in the composites made by one‐step compounding, in the composites prepared by two‐step extrusion method, enhanced dispersion of clay in polymer blend was found from X‐ray diffraction results. Higher extrusion temperature and intermediate speed of rotation (90 rpm) appeared to increase the mechanical properties due to improvement of nanofiller dispersion in matrix. Results showed that the stiffness increased whereas tensile and impact strength decreased with clay content. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42287.
Chemodiversity of Volatile Oils in Thapsia garganica L. (Apiaceae)
Authors: Hassen Imed , M'Rabet Yassine , Belgacem Chaouki , Kesraoui Ons , Casabianca Hervé , Hosni Karim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe chemical composition of the volatile oils obtained from the roots, leaves, flowers, and stems of Thapsia garganica of Tunisian origin was investigated by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were predominant in the oils of all plant parts. Bicyclogermacrene (21.59–35.09%) was the main component in the former compound class, whereas geranial (3.31–14.84%) and linalool (0.81–10.9%) were the most prominent ones in the latter compound class. Principal‐component (PCA) and hierarchical‐cluster (HCA) analyses revealed some common constituents, but also significant variability amongst the oils of the different plant parts. This organ‐specific oil composition was discussed in relation to their biological and ecological functions. For the evaluation of the intraspecific chemical variability in T. garganica, the composition of the flower volatile oils from four wild populations was investigated. Bicyclogermacrene, linalool, and geranial were predominant in the oils of three populations, whereas epicubenol, β‐sesquiphellandrene, and cadina‐1,4‐diene were the most prominent components of the oil of one population. PCA and HCA allowed the separation of the flower oils into three distinct groups, however, no relationship was found between the volatile‐oil composition and the geographical distribution and pedoclimatic conditions of the studied populations.
Bis‐ and Tetrakis(carboxylato)platinum(IV) Complexes with Mixed Axial Ligands – Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Hoffmeister Björn R. , Hejl Michaela , Adib‐Razavi Mahsa S. , Jakupec Michael A. , Galanski Mathea Sophia , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA series of twelve novel diamminetetrakis(carboxylato)platinum(IV) and 18 novel bis(carboxylato)dichlorido(ethane‐1,2‐diamine)platinum(IV) complexes with mixed axial carboxylato ligands was synthesized and characterized by multinuclear 1H‐, 13C‐, 15N‐, and 195Pt‐NMR spectroscopy. Their cytotoxic potential was evaluated (by MTT assay) against three human cancer cell lines derived from ovarian teratocarcinoma (CH1/PA‐1), lung (A549), and colon carcinoma (SW480). In the cisplatin‐sensitive CH1/PA‐1 cancer cell line, diamminetetrakis(carboxylato)platinum(IV) complexes showed IC50 values in the low micromolar range, whereas, for the most lipophilic compounds of the bis(carboxylato)dichlorido(ethane‐1,2‐diamine)platinum(IV) series, IC50 values in the nanomolar range were found.