bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global insights on flood risk mitigation in arid regions using geomorphological and geophysical modeling from a local case study
Authors: Kotb Adel , Taha Ayman I. , Elnazer Ahmed A. , Basheer Alhussein Adham 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research provides a comprehensive examination of flood risk mitigation in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on Wadi Al-Laith. It highlights the critical importance of addressing flood risks in arid regions, given their profound impact on communities, infrastructure, and the economy. Analysis of morphometric parameters ((drainage density (Dd), stream frequency (Fs), drainage intensity (Di), and infiltration number (If)) reveals a complex hydrological landscape, indicating elevated flood risk. due to low drainage density, low stream frequency, high bifurcation ratio, and low infiltration number. Effective mitigation strategies are imperative to protect both communities and infrastructure in Wadi Al-Laith. Geophysical investigations, using specialized software, improve the quality of the dataset by addressing irregularities in field data. A multi-layer geoelectric model, derived from vertical electrical sounding (VES) and time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) surveys, provides precise information about the geoelectric strata parameters such as electrical resistivity, layer thicknesses, and depths in the study area. This identifies a well-saturated sedimentary layer and a cracked rocky layer containing water content. The second region, proposed for a new dam, scores significantly higher at 56% in suitability compared to the first region’s 44%. The study advocates for the construction of a supporting dam in the second region with a height between 230 and 280 m and 800 m in length. This new dam can play a crucial role in mitigating flash flood risks, considering various design parameters. This research contributes to flood risk management in Saudi Arabia by offering innovative dam site selection approaches. It provides insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners involved in flood risk reduction, water resource management, and sustainable development in arid regions globally.
3D small-scale dosimetry and tumor control of 225Ac radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer
Authors: Peter Robin , Bidkar Anil P. , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Zerefa Luann , Dasari Chandrashekhar , Meher Niranjan , Wadhwa Anju , Oskowitz Adam , Liu Bin , Miller Brian W. , Vetter Kai , Flavell Robert R. , Seo Youngho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRadiopharmaceutical therapy using $$\upalpha$$
α
-emitting $$^{225}$$

225

Ac is an emerging treatment for patients with advanced metastatic cancers. Measurement of the spatial dose distribution in organs and tumors is needed to inform treatment dose prescription and reduce off-target toxicity, at not only organ but also sub-organ scales. Digital autoradiography with $$\upalpha$$
α
-sensitive detection devices can measure radioactivity distributions at 20–40 $$\upmu {\hbox {m}}$$

μ
m

resolution, but anatomical characterization is typically limited to 2D. We collected digital autoradiographs across whole tissues to generate 3D dose volumes and used them to evaluate the simultaneous tumor control and regional kidney dosimetry of a novel therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for prostate cancer, [225Ac]Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5, in mice. 22Rv1 xenograft-bearing mice treated with 18.5 kBq of [225Ac]Ac-Macropa-PEG4-YS5 were sacrificed at 24 h and 168 h post-injection for quantitative $$\upalpha$$
α
-particle digital autoradiography and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Gamma-ray spectroscopy of biodistribution data was used to determine temporal dynamics and $$^{213}$$

213

Bi redistribution. Tumor control probability and sub-kidney dosimetry were assessed. Heterogeneous $$^{225}$$

225

Ac spatial distribution was observed in both tumors and kidneys. Tumor control was maintained despite heterogeneity if cold spots coincided with necrotic regions. $$^{225}$$

225

Ac dose-rate was highest in the cortex and renal vasculature. Extrapolation of tumor control suggested that kidney absorbed dose could be reduced by 41% while maintaining 90% TCP. The 3D dosimetry methods described allow for whole tumor and organ dose measurements following $$^{225}$$

225

Ac radiopharmaceutical therapy, which correlate to tumor control and toxicity outcomes.
Sea spray allows for the growth of subaerial microbialites at the driest desert on Earth
Authors: Azua-Bustos Armando , González-Silva Carlos , Freedman Kevin , Carrizo Daniel , Sánchez-García Laura , Fernández-Martínez Miguel Ángel , Balsera-Manzanero María , Muñoz-Iglesias Victoria , Fernández-Sampedro Maite , Dang Thanh Quy , Vargas-Carrera Cristian , Wierzchos Jacek 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to its extreme conditions, microbial life in the Atacama Desert is known to survive in well-protected micro-habitats (hypolithic, endolithic, etc.), but rarely directly exposed to the environment, that is, epilithic habitats. Here we report a unique site, La Portada, a cliff confronting the Pacific Ocean in the Coastal Range of this desert, in which the constant input of water provided by the sea spray allows for the growth of a black-colored epilithic subaerial microbial ecosystem. Formed by a complex community of halophilic microorganisms belonging to the three domains of life, this ecosystem displays the typical three-dimensional structure of benthic microbialites, coherent with the presence of a diversity of cyanobacteria (including species from the genera that are known to form them), a constant high water activity and an ample availability of carbonate ions. From these microbialites we isolated Hortae werneckii, a fungal species which by producing melanin, not only explains the dark color of these microbialites, but may also play the role of protecting the whole community from extreme UV radiation. A number of biosignatures not only confirmed sea spray as the main source of water, but also suggests that one place to consider for the search of evidences of life on Mars would be on the paleo-coastlines that surrounded vanished oceans such as that on Aeolis Dorsa.
Irrigation increases and stabilizes mosquito populations and increases West Nile virus incidence
Authors: Kovach Tony J. , Kilpatrick A. Marm 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHumans have greatly altered earth’s terrestrial water cycle with the majority of fresh water being used for agriculture. Irrigation changes spatial and temporal water availability and alters mosquito abundance and phenology. Previous studies evaluating the effect of irrigation on mosquito abundance and mosquito-borne disease have shown inconsistent results and little is known about the effect of irrigation on variability in mosquito abundance. We examined the effect of irrigation, climate and land cover on mosquito abundance and human West Nile virus (WNV) disease cases across California. Irrigation made up nearly a third of total water inputs, and exceeded precipitation in some regions. Abundance of two key vectors of several arboviruses, including WNV, Culex tarsalis and the Culex pipiens complex, increased 17–21-fold with irrigation. Irrigation reduced seasonal variability in C. tarsalis abundance by 36.1%. Human WNV incidence increased with irrigation, which explained more than a third (34.2%) of the variation in WNV incidence among California counties. These results suggest that irrigation can increase and decouple mosquito populations from natural precipitation variability, resulting in sustained and increased disease burdens. Shifts in precipitation due to climate change are likely to result in increased irrigation in many arid regions which could increase mosquito populations and disease.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles embedded into melamine polyaminal networks as antibacterial and anticancer active agents
Authors: Alotaibi Maha M. , Almalki Bodoor , Tashkandi Nada , Basingab Fatemah , Abdullah Samaa , Alkayal Nazeeha S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSilver nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into a melamine-based polymer, resulting in the synthesis of (Ag NPs@Bipy-PAN) through a reverse double solvent approach. The synthesised Ag NPs@Bipy-PAN polymer underwent extensive characterisation through Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis. PXRD analysis confirmed the successful encapsulation of Ag nanoparticles and provided insights into the amorphous nature of the polymer following encapsulation. SEM and EDX analyses further corroborated the presence and distribution of Ag nanoparticles on the polymer surface. The biological efficacy of the Ag NPs@Bipy-PAN polymer was evaluated through antibacterial, anti-breast cancer, and biocompatibility assays. The results demonstrated notable antibacterial and anticancer activities, with significant efficacy against bacterial strains and breast cancer cells. Biocompatibility assessments indicated acceptable compatibility, particularly at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, compared to untreated control cells. These findings suggest that Ag NPs@Bipy-PAN has considerable potential as a candidate for cancer-targeted and antimicrobial drug delivery systems. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles into the melamine-based polymer enhances the safety profile of these systems in in vivo conditions, making them a viable option for advanced therapeutic applications.
Polymodal K+ channel modulation contributes to dual analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of traditional botanical medicines
Authors: Manville Rían W. , Yoshimura Ryan F. , Yeromin Andriy V. , Hogenkamp Derk , van der Horst Jennifer , Zavala Angel , Chinedu Sonia , Arena Grey , Lasky Emma , Fisher Mark , Tracy Christopher R. , Othy Shivashankar , Jepps Thomas A. , Cahalan Michael D. , Abbott Geoffrey W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPain and inflammation contribute immeasurably to reduced quality of life, yet modern analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapeutics can cause dependence and side effects. Here, we screened 1444 plant extracts, prepared primarily from native species in California and the United States Virgin Islands, against two voltage-gated K+ channels - T-cell expressed Kv1.3 and nociceptive-neuron expressed Kv7.2/7.3. A subset of extracts both inhibits Kv1.3 and activates Kv7.2/7.3 at hyperpolarized potentials, effects predicted to be anti-inflammatory and analgesic, respectively. Among the top dual hits are witch hazel and fireweed; polymodal modulation of multiple K+ channel types by hydrolysable tannins contributes to their dual anti-inflammatory, analgesic actions. In silico docking and mutagenesis data suggest pore-proximal extracellular linker sequence divergence underlies opposite effects of hydrolysable tannins on different Kv1 isoforms. The findings provide molecular insights into the enduring, widespread medicinal use of witch hazel and fireweed and demonstrate a screening strategy for discovering dual anti-inflammatory, analgesic small molecules.
Assessment of transport phenomena in catalyst effectiveness for chemical polyolefin recycling
Authors: Jaydev Shibashish D. , Martín Antonio J. , Garcia David , Chikri Katia , Pérez-Ramírez Javier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the dawn of agitated brewing in the Paleolithic era, effective mixing has enabled efficient reactions. Emerging catalytic chemical polyolefin recycling processes present unique challenges, considering that the polymer melt has a viscosity three orders of magnitude higher than that of honey. The lack of protocols to achieve effective mixing may have resulted in suboptimal catalyst effectiveness. In this study, we have tackled the hydrogenolysis of commercial-grade high-density polyethylene and polypropylene to show how different stirring strategies can create differences of up to 85% and 40% in catalyst effectiveness and selectivity, respectively. The reaction develops near the H2–melt interface, with the extension of the interface and access to catalyst particles the main performance drivers. Leveraging computational fluid dynamics simulations, we have identified a power number of 15,000–40,000 to maximize the catalyst effectiveness factor and optimize stirring parameters. This temperature- and pressure-independent model holds across a viscosity range of 1–1,000 Pa s. Temperature gradients may quickly become relevant for reactor scale-up.
Towards early diagnosis and screening of Alzheimer’s disease using frequency locked whispering gallery mode microtoroids
Authors: Gin Adley , Nguyen Phuong-Diem , Serrano Geidy , Alexander Gene E. , Su Judith 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of dementia marked by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Amyloid beta (Aβ) is an AD biomarker which is linked to these plaques and tangles. Measuring Aβ levels can help with early AD diagnosis and aid in drug studies and delaying dementia. This is challenging, however, due to low AD biomarker levels in biofluids. Here we use FLOWER (frequency-locked optical whispering evanescent resonator) to quantify levels of post-mortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 in control, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD participants. FLOWER measures the resonant wavelength shift of a microtoroid due to changes in the refractive index within its evanescent field. FLOWER can measure CSF Aβ42 (area under curve, AUC = 0.92) with higher performance than ELISA (AUC = 0.82) and can distinguish between control and MCI samples. This demonstrates FLOWER’s ability to screen CSF samples for diagnosis of AD.
A Scoping Review on the Intersection Between Voice and Swallowing Measures in Healthy and Disordered Populations
Authors: Mira Amna S. , Goldsberry Lindsey J. , Previtera Melissa J. , Simmons Amanda K. , McKenna Victoria S. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Voice and swallowing are distinct functions that share anatomical and physiological properties; however, research investigating their intersection is limited. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature surrounding the relationship between voice and swallowing measures in healthy adults and those with non-degenerative disorders. Specifically, we aimed to elucidate whether objective voice measures could be used as correlates of swallowing function.

Method:
We systematically searched four databases (Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) for relevant literature using a combination of key words and controlled vocabulary generated from the Yale Mesh Analyzer. The inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed studies in the English language that reported on healthy adults and/or patients with non-degenerative neurological disorders and pulmonary diseases and contained instrumental and/or objective voice and swallowing measures. Two raters completed the abstract screening process followed by independent full-text reviews. Case studies, review studies, gray literature, or abstract-only studies were excluded.

Results:

Among 5,485 screened studies, 182 were fully reviewed, with only 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Eight studies found an association between voice and swallowing objective measures, whereas the other three did not. Significant voice measures that were related to swallowing safety and/or physiology included maximum fundamental frequency (
F
0),
F
0 range, maximum phonation time, biomechanics of effortful pitch glides, and voice onset time.

Conclusions:
Although there was heterogeneity in the measures used, specific objective voice measures showed promise in clinical practice as a screening tool for dysphagia. Further investigations are needed to validate the clinical utility of these measures across diverse patient populations.
Addressing the Gap: A Pilot Study to Improve Graduate Students' Counseling Self-Efficacy Through Online Support Groups for Care Partners of People With Acquired Brain Injuries
Authors: Pagano George , Teytel-Cocozza Mayya , Moya-Galé Gemma 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this technical report is to (a) describe the development and pilot testing of a university training initiative for graduate students in speech-language pathology to conduct online support groups for care partners of individuals with acquired brain injuries and (b) share preliminary data on students' self-efficacy in their counseling skills as a result of training.

Method:
Four graduate students completed an intensive summer counseling training program consisting of two 90-min student orientations to counseling skills and two online support group sessions for care partners of people with acquired brain injuries. A mixed methods analysis of pilot data collected over the summer of 2023 was conducted. Students completed the modified Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales for speech-language pathologists within 1 week of beginning their counseling training and within 1 week after their clinical training experience. Students also submitted a short reflection paper within 24 hr of their two support group sessions to discuss their overall performance within the session and assess their self-efficacy in their counseling skills.

Results:
Preliminary data evidenced significant pre- to posttraining gains in two primary counseling areas: (a) psychoeducation (i.e., students' ability to provide information to care partners) and (b) empathy when addressing care partners' concerns regarding their loved one's communication disorder. Students' reflection papers illustrated their sense of growth as clinicians and paralleled the findings from their questionnaires.

Conclusions:
Our preliminary results highlight the importance of providing counseling opportunities for student clinicians in speech-language pathology graduate programs. Our online clinical model offers an example for replicability across universities to foster self-efficacy in students' counseling skills as part of their graduate studies. “Key” ingredients are provided for replication when developing a student-led online support group program for care partners of individuals with acquired brain injuries.
Design of Synthetic Strategies towards Sulfur Containing Scaffolds
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Khedkar Priti 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe utilization of sulfur heterocycles in organic synthesis has attracted significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications. This review showcases the syntheses of diverse sulfur heterocycles embedded with amino acid derivatives, polycycles, spirocycles, cyclophanes, and other complex scaffolds. The reported methods extend beyond compound synthesis and highlight the use of different sulfur reagents for constructing sulfur heterocycles. This Review also discusses the utility of a variety of sulfur-containing starting materials for the generation of complex target molecules.1	Introduction2	Potassium Thioacetate3	Thiazolidine-2,4-dione4	Rhodanines5	Sodium Sulfide6	Thiotetronic Acid7	Thiadiazoles8	Thiophene9	Rongalite10	Sulfur Dioxide11	Divinyl Sulfone12	Sulfur Heterocycles Based on Boronic Acids13	Miscellaneous14	Summary
Distal Radius Osteotomies for Kienbock's Disease—A Minimally Invasive Approach
Authors: Bain Gregory I. , Vamsi Krishna Sathya , MacLean Simon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Negative ulnar variance is a recognized predisposing factor for Kienbock's disease (KD). Radial shortening osteotomy (RSO) reduces radial height, thereby alleviating stress on the lunate. Conversely, radial closed wedge osteotomy (RCWO) involves removing a distal radius wedge to not only decrease radial height but also reduce radial inclination, thereby enhancing lunate coverage.
Description This article outlines a straightforward and minimally invasive approach to RSO utilizing a single cut and stabilization with a single screw. Additionally, it introduces a technique for RCWO comprising two cuts, wedge removal from the distal radius, and fixation using a single headless screw.
Literature Review Traditionally, RSO and RCWO procedures include a volar approach consistent with distal radius fracture fixation techniques. However, the reliance on “free-hand” cuts may necessitate larger hardware for stabilization. Overcorrection poses risks of suboptimal outcomes and often mandates subsequent hardware removal procedures.
Clinical Relevance Both RSO and RCWO techniques offer minimally invasive solutions, which preserve the periosteum, and maintain stability. These techniques only require a single screw and a removable splint. RSO is indicated for KD wrists with negative ulnar variance, while RCWO is preferable for cases with negative ulnar variance and increased radial inclination.
External Validation of an Electronic Phenotyping Algorithm Detecting Attention to High Body Mass Index in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Barron Anya G. , Fenick Ada M. , Maciejewski Kaitlin R. , Turer Christy B. , Sharifi Mona 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives The lack of feasible and meaningful measures of clinicians' behavior hinders efforts to assess and improve obesity management in pediatric primary care. In this study, we examined the external validity of a novel algorithm, previously validated in a single geographic region, using structured electronic health record (EHR) data to identify phenotypes of clinicians' attention to elevated body mass index (BMI) and weight-related comorbidities.
Methods We extracted structured EHR data for 300 randomly selected 6- to 12-year-old children with elevated BMI seen for well-child visits from June 2018 to May 2019 at pediatric primary care practices affiliated with Yale. Using diagnosis codes, laboratory orders, referrals, and medications adapted from the original algorithm, we categorized encounters as having evidence of attention to BMI only, weight-related comorbidities only, or both BMI and comorbidities. We evaluated the algorithm's sensitivity and specificity for detecting any attention to BMI and/or comorbidities using chart review as the reference standard.
Results The adapted algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 79.2% and specificity of 94.0% for identifying any attention to high BMI/comorbidities in clinical documentation. Of 86 encounters labeled as “no attention” by the algorithm, 83% had evidence of attention in free-text components of the progress note. The likelihood of classification as “any attention” by both chart review and the algorithm varied by BMI category and by clinician type (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The electronic phenotyping algorithm had high specificity for detecting attention to high BMI and/or comorbidities in structured EHR inputs. The algorithm's performance may be improved by incorporating unstructured data from clinical notes.