bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of mind performance in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse
Authors: Nazarov A. , Frewen P. , Parlar M. , Oremus C. , MacQueen G. , McKinnon M. , Lanius R. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveKey questions remain unaddressed concerning the nature of interpersonal functioning in trauma survivors, including the ability to understand and interpret other people's thoughts and feelings. Here, we investigate theory of mind (ToM) performance of women with PTSD related to childhood abuse in comparison to healthy controls.MethodParticipants completed two ToM tasks, the Interpersonal Perception Task‐15 (IPT‐15) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task – Revised (RMET).ResultsRelative to controls, women with a history of childhood trauma had difficulty recognizing familial relationships depicted in the IPT‐15 (P = 0.005). No other category of the IPT‐15 showed significant group differences. In addition, while healthy women displayed faster RMET reaction times to emotionally valenced mental states (positive: P = 0.003; negative: P = 0.016) compared with neutral mental states, the PTSD group showed similar reaction times across all valences. The presence of dissociative symptoms (e.g., disengagement, amnesia, identity dissociation) was strongly associated with hindered accuracy of complex mental state identification and altered perception of kinship interactions.ConclusionWomen with PTSD stemming from childhood trauma show changes in ToM abilities particularly those often involved in the interpretation of family interactions. In addition, individuals with PTSD showed slower reaction times during the recognition of complex mental states from emotionally salient facial/eye expressions in comparison with healthy subjects.
Involuntary treatment of schizophrenia patients 2004–2010 in Denmark
Authors: Andersen T. H. , Kappers D. , Sneider B. , Uggerby P. , Nielsen J. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTreatment of schizophrenia is frequently complicated by patients' ambivalence and lack of insight into the disease, occasionally warranting involuntary treatment. This study aims to describe involuntary treatment in Danish schizophrenia patients.MethodPatients diagnosed with a lifetime ICD‐10 F20 schizophrenia diagnosis and alive in the period 2004–2010 were identified in the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register, and data were linked to The Registry of Coercive Measures in Psychiatric Treatment.ResultsWithin the study period, a total of 18 599 admitted patients were identified, 3078 of which underwent involuntary treatment. The incidence rate for any involuntary treatment was 2.1 per in‐patient year and 1.7 and 0.3 per in‐patient year for rapid tranquilization and involuntary treatments, respectively. Somatic diseases comprised 34.5% of all involuntary treatments. Psychotropics comprised 56.9% with antipsychotics as the most common drug class (99.5%). Olanzapine was the most commonly used antipsychotic drug (33.2%). Treatment with depot injection and clozapine comprised only 13% and 4.8% of the antipsychotics used, respectively. Electroconvulsive therapy comprised 4.8% of all involuntary treatment.ConclusionInvoluntary treatment involved a wide range of somatic treatment. Antipsychotic medicine was the most common psychotropic used. Involuntary treatment with depot antipsychotics and clozapine were rare.
A literature review and meta‐analysis of drug company–funded mental health websites
Authors: Read J. , Cain A. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe pharmaceutical industry exercises pervasive influence in the mental health field. The internet has become a primary source of mental health information for the public and practitioners. This study therefore compared mental health websites funded and not funded by drug companies.MethodA systematic literature review of studies examining the role of drug companies in the funding of mental health websites was conducted, followed by a meta‐analysis of studies comparing drug company–funded (DCF) sites with sites not funded by the industry.ResultsMental health websites, in general, overemphasize biogenetic causal explanations and medication. Many mental health websites (42%) are either drug company owned (6%) or receive funding from drug companies (36%). A meta‐analysis found that DCF sites are significantly more biased toward biogenetic causes (P < 0.01) and toward medication (P < 0.0001) than sites that are financially independent of the industry.ConclusionPractitioners are encouraged to inform patients about the bias inherent in industry‐sponsored websites and to recommend, instead, more balanced websites that present a range of evidence‐based information about causes and treatments.
Role of plasmacytoid dendritic cell subsets in allergic asthma
Authors: Maazi H. , Lam J. , Lombardi V. , Akbari O. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are major type‐I interferon‐producing cells that play important roles in antiviral immunity and tolerance induction. These cells share a common DC progenitor with conventional DCs, and Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐3 ligand is essential for their development. Several subsets of pDCs have been identified to date including CCR9+, CD9+, and CD2+ pDCs. Recently, three subsets of pDCs were described, namely CD8α−β−, CD8α+β−, and CD8α+β+ subsets. Interestingly, CD8α+β− and CD8α+β+ but not CD8α−β− pDCs were shown to have tolerogenic effects in experimentally induced allergic asthma. These tolerogenic effects were shown to be mediated by the generation of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells through retinoic acid and the induction of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. These newly described subsets of pDCs show high potentials for novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of allergic diseases. In this review, we will address the new progress in our understanding of pDC biology with respect to allergic disease, in particular allergic asthma.
Outcome of 12‐month surveillance colonoscopy in high‐risk patients in the National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Lee T. J. W. , Nickerson C. , Goddard A. F. , Rees C. J. , McNally R. J. Q. , Rutter M. D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimCurrent British guidelines recommend surveillance colonoscopy at 12 months for individuals found to have five or more adenomas, or three or more adenomas of which at least one is ≥ 1 cm in size. This study describes the yield of surveillance colonoscopy in this group and explores patient and clinical factors that may be associated with the presence of advanced adenomas or cancer at surveillance.MethodData were retrieved from the national database of the National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. The detection of advanced colonic neoplasia (ACN, cancer or advanced adenoma) was used as the main outcome variable. Multivariable analysis was used to analyse relationships between patient factors (age, gender, body mass index, smoking and alcohol use) and clinical findings (number, size and nature of adenomas detected during index colonoscopy) with the outcome variable.ResultsOne‐thousand, seven‐hundred and sixty individuals were included in the study. The yield of ACN at 12‐month surveillance was 6.6% (116/1760), of which 14/1760 (0.8%) had colorectal cancer. Nine (64.3%) of these 14 cancers were Dukes A at diagnosis. The presence of a villous adenoma or a right‐sided adenoma at screening colonoscopy was associated with ORs of 1.98 (95% CI: 1.11–3.53, P = 0.012) and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.13–2.74, P = 0.020), respectively, for detection of ACN at surveillance.ConclusionTwelve‐month surveillance colonoscopy is necessary in this group of patients. The presence of villous or proximal lesions at baseline is associated with increased risk of ACN at surveillance. Site and histological type of baseline lesions may be relevant for determining the surveillance interval.
Intelligence assessments for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Yin Foo Rebecca , Guppy Max , Johnston Leanne M 
Published: May 2013

AimCerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a primary disorder of posture and movement; however, approximately 45% of children with CP also have an intellectual impairment. Prevalence estimates are limited by a lack of guidelines for intelligence testing. This systematic review aims to identify and examine intelligence assessments for children with CP.MethodElectronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, and ERIC) were searched to identify assessments that (1) measured intellectual function, (2) in children aged 4 to 18 years, (3) with CP, and (4) with psychometrics available.ResultsSearches yielded 48 assessments, of which nine provided psychometric data for children with CP. The included tests were the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale, the Leiter International Performance Scale, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Pictorial Test of Intelligence, the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.InterpretationIntelligence assessments in children with CP lack reliability data, consensus regarding validity data, and population‐specific norms. Research is required to establish psychometrics for children with CP. For children with higher motor involvement and/or communication and/or visual impairments, multiple options are required to assess intelligence appropriately.
Sulphonylureas and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Phung O. J. , Schwartzman E. , Allen R. W. , Engel S. S. , Rajpathak S. N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsSulphonylurea use has been linked with increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, previous studies have been inconsistent. Type 2 diabetes independently increases risk for cardiovascular disease, so understanding the link between longer‐term use of anti‐diabetic medications and cardiovascular disease has important clinical implications.MethodsLiterature search in MEDLINE and CENTRAL was conducted throughout December 2011 for clinical and observational studies that reported the association between sulphonylurea and cardiovascular disease events. Ratios (relative risk, odds ratios or hazard ratios) adjusted for potential confounders (concomitant medications, baseline cardiovascular risk, diabetes severity) were pooled using a random‐effects model to yield relative risks and associated 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included 33 studies (n = 1,325,446 patients), followed for a range of 0.46–10.4 years. In all studies, compared with other oral diabetes drugs, sulphonylurea use was associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death (relative risk 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.18–1.34, n = 27 comparisons) and composite cardiovascular event (including myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular‐related hospitalization or cardiovascular death) (relative risk 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.16, n = 43 comparisons). In studies comparing sulphonylurea vs. metformin, these relative risks were 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.17–1.35, n = 17 comparisons) and 1.18 (95%confidence interval 1.13–1.24, n = 16 comparisons), respectively.ConclusionsResults suggest that sulphonylurea use may elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease among patients with diabetes. This meta‐analysis expands the pool of studies evaluating cardiovascular mortality compared with prior observations while using adjusted estimates, and assessing an additional outcome of a composite cardiovascular event. This finding warrants consideration in clinical practice when other treatment options may be available.
CUTE‐CV: A Prospective Study of Enhanced Left Atrial Appendage Visualization with Microbubble Contrast Agent Use during Transesophageal Echocardiography Guided Cardioversion
Authors: Bernier Mathieu , Abdelmoneim Sahar S. , Stuart Moir W. , Eifert Rain Susan (Sue) J. , Chandrasekaran Krishnaswamy , Ammash Naser M. , Mulvagh Sharon L. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to demonstrate that the use of contrast microbubbles during transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided cardioversion will improve interpretation of the TEE images.BackgroundTEE‐guided cardioversion of atrial flutter or fibrillation (AF) is a safe and proven method to restore sinus rhythm. However, artifacts and dense spontaneous echo contrast in the left atrial appendage (LAA) can sometimes decrease the level of confidence in excluding the presence of thrombus.MethodsOne hundred patients referred for TEE‐guided cardioversion were prospectively enrolled and microbubble contrast agent (DEFINITY) was administered after the clinical decision had been made regarding suitability for cardioversion. Noncontrast and contrast images were compared during subsequent offline analysis.ResultsLAA dimensions and contractility indices were higher, artifacts were significantly differentiated, previously unsuspected LAA filling defects were identified, and the level of confidence in excluding thrombus was enhanced in the contrast images when compared to the noncontrast images. After 4 months follow‐up, 1 stroke‐associated death occurred in a patient who had LAA thrombus recognized only by contrast. Left atrial appendage visualization is enhanced with microbubble contrast agent use during transesophageal echocardiography guided cardioversion and is useful in identification of intracardiac thrombus.
Role of the N‐terminal signal peptide in the membrane insertion of Aquifex aeolicus F1F0ATP synthase c‐subunit
Authors: Zhang Chunli , Marcia Marco , Langer Julian D. , Peng Guohong , Michel Hartmut 
Published: May 2013

Rotary ATPases are membrane protein complexes that couple ATP hydrolysis to ion translocation across the membrane. Overall, they are evolutionarily well conserved, but the N‐terminal segments of their rotary subunits (c‐subunits) possess different lengths and levels of hydrophobicity across species. By analyzing the N‐terminal variability, we distinguish four phylogenetic groups of c‐subunits (groups 1–4). We characterize a member of group 2, the c‐subunit from Aquifex aeolicus F1F0 ATP synthase, both in native cells and in a heterologous expression system. We demonstrate that its N‐terminal segment forms a signal peptide with signal recognition particle (SRP) recognition features and is obligatorily required for membrane insertion. Based on our study and on previous characterizations of c‐subunits from other organisms, we propose that c‐subunits follow different membrane insertion pathways.
Fatigue tests on steel plates with longitudinal weld attachment strengthened by ultra high modulus carbon fibre reinforced polymer plate
Authors: Wu C. , Zhao X. L. , Al‐Mahaidi R. , Emdad M. R. , Duan W. H. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWelded steel connections of infrastructures are susceptible to fatigue failure. Advanced carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been demonstrated promising for fatigue strengthening of steel structures. Limited research was conducted on CFRP strengthening of welded connections. This paper focuses on the application of ultra high modulus (UHM) CFRP plates with a modulus of 460 GPa to strengthen steel plates with longitudinal fillet weld attachment using five CFRP strengthening configurations. A series of fatigue tension tests were carried out with constant amplitude fatigue loading. Beach marking technique was adopted to record the crack propagation process. Effects of CFRP bond length, bond width and bond locations on fatigue performance of welded steel joints were investigated. The experimental results showed that UHM CFRP plates could generally increase the fatigue life of the welded steel joints. It seems better to apply CFRP on the welding side of the specimen to achieve longer fatigue life. Then, the effects of weld and weld attachment on the CFRP strengthening efficiency was further studied by comparing experimental results of non‐welded steel plates with single side UHM CFRP plate strengthening. Finally, the classification method was adopted to assess the strengthening efficiency of the UHM CFRP plate to the steel plates with longitudinal weld attachment.
A statistical evaluation of micro‐crack initiation in thermally cut structural elements
Authors: Glodež S. , Šori M. , Kramberger J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe paper presents a numerical modelling of fatigue crack initiation in thermally cut structural elements by using improved Tanaka–Mura crack nucleation model. The main goal of the study is to analyse the influence of different grain orientations generated with Voronoi tessellation on the crack initiation period. The numerical modelling of the crack initiation period is performed on the test specimens made of high strength steel with martensitic microstructure. Because the specimens are assumed to be thermally cut without any additional treatment, surface roughness is taken into account in the numerical simulation. Several computational analyses with different grain orientations are performed on the each stress level. Therefore, the stress cycles interval [N1, N2] in which the crack is expected to be initiated with the probability P(N) is determined by using statistical analyses of obtained computational results. Experimental testing is also performed on the uniaxial test machine by stress ratio R = 0.1.
Spring and autumn animal treading effects on pre‐grazing herbage mass and tiller density on two contrasting pasture types in Ireland
Authors: Tuñon G. , O'Donovan M. , Lopez Villalobos N. , Hennessy D. , Kemp P. , Kennedy E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)‐dominated sward on a well‐drained soil (Experiment 1) and a creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera L.)‐dominated sward on a poorly drained soil (Experiment 2) were subjected to four treading treatments: control (C, no damage), light damage (L), moderate damage (M) or severe damage (S) to quantify the effects on herbage dry‐matter (DM) production and tiller density. In Experiment 1, treading damage was imposed in spring. In Experiment 2, one‐third of the site was damaged in autumn, one‐third in spring and one‐third in both spring and autumn. Both sites were rotationally grazed after treading treatments. Pre‐grazing herbage mass was measured eight times in Experiment 1 and seven times in Experiment 2 on each plot, and tiller density was assessed four times in each experiment. In Experiment 1, pre‐grazing herbage mass was reduced by 30% in S plots at the first harvest after damage, but cumulative pre‐grazing herbage DM production was not different between treatments (12·7 t DM ha−1). In Experiment 2, annual cumulative pre‐grazing herbage mass was reduced by between 14 and 49%, depending on intensity of treading damage event and season when damage occurred. Tiller density was not affected by treatment in either experiment. A perennial ryegrass‐dominated sward on a well‐drained soil was resilient to heavy treading damage. A creeping bent‐dominated sward on poorly drained soil requires a more careful grazing management approach to avoid major losses in cumulative pre‐grazing herbage mass production during wet weather grazing events.
Berseem clover seeding rate and harvest management effects on forage yields and nutrient uptake in a swine effluent spray field
Authors: Read J. J. , McLaughlin M. R. , Jenkins J. N. , Fairbrother T. E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA 3‐year study was conducted on a Prentiss sandy loam near Pheba, Mississippi to determine optimum berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) seeding rate (SR) for dry‐matter (DM) yield and nutrient uptake in an annual clover–perennial bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L. (Pers.)] sward, fertilized in April to October with swine effluent. Seed of annual berseem clover (cv. ‘Bigbee’) was drill‐seeded in October at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 kg ha−1 and harvested either twice in April and May (spring) or once in May. Yield of clover harvested twice was less than that harvested once (5410 vs. 7566 kg ha−1), but N and P uptake were greater in the double‐harvest regime. Annual clover responses to SR were described by quadratic trends. Pooled across years and harvest regimes, the optimum SR for DM yield was 16·5 kg ha−1 and for P, Cu and Zn uptake, it was 15·7, 14·8 and 16·0 kg ha−1, respectively. Bermudagrass DM yield decreased linearly as SR increased by approximately 6·3 and 66·7 kg DM kg seed−1 in double‐ and single‐harvest regimes, respectively. For clover–bermudagrass, the optimum SR for DM yield was 14·0 kg ha−1, and for P, Cu, and Zn uptake, it was 15·1, 14·6 and 15·3 kg ha−1, respectively. A SR of 14·0–14·9 kg ha−1 and a first harvest of clover in April appeared to optimize hay yields and uptake of nutrients in clover–bermudagrass. Because bermudagrass N requirement is usually met by swine effluent irrigations, overseeding annual clover would chiefly satisfy producer needs for early forage production.
Griffith Cracks at the Nanoscale
Authors: Wiederhorn Sheldon M. , Fett Theo , Guin Jean‐Pierre , Ciccotti Matteo 
Published: May 2013

When Griffith presented his famous theory of crack stability in elastic materials in the early twentieth century, he was unable to provide much detail on the structure of cracks at the nanometer level of resolution. Now, almost 100 years later, techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, nuclear reaction analysis, and nuclear reflection are available to achieve this level of resolution. Here, we review the kind of data obtained using these techniques and the implications of the data vis‐á‐vis cracks in silicate glasses. Measurements by atomic force microscopy provide information on the size of the nonlinear zone at crack tips in glass, on environmental conditions at crack tips, and on the possibility of cavity formation as a mechanism of crack growth. Examination by nuclear reaction analysis and neutron reflection of fresh fracture surfaces formed in water has yielded information on water penetration through the glass surrounding the crack tip, to a resolution of 3–5 nm. Improvement of measurement techniques in the coming years should enable us to study crack tips in glasses to even higher levels of resolution and to answer more detailed questions concerning the level of stress and the size of the nonlinear zone at the crack tip.
Phase Diagram and Properties of High TC/TR−TPb(In1/2Nb1/2) O3–Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Li Tao , Li Xiuzhi , Guo Dong , Wang Zujian , Liu Ying , He Chao , Chu Tao , Ai Liaodong , Pang Dongfang , Long Xifa 
Published: May 2013

A ternary ferroelectric ceramic system, (1−x−y)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–xPb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–yPbTiO3 (PIN–PZN–PT, x = 0.21, 0.27, 0.36, 0.42), was prepared using a two‐step precursor method. The phase structure, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ternary ceramics were systematically investigated. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was identified by X‐ray diffraction. The optimum piezoelectric and electromechanical properties were achieved for a composition close to MPB (0.5PIN–0.21PZN–0.29PT), where the piezoelectric coefficient d33, planar electromechanical coupling factor kp, and remnant polarization Pr are 660 pC/N,72%, and 45 μC/cm2, respectively. The Curie temperature TC and rhombohedral to tetragonal phase transition temperature TR−T were also derived by temperature dependence of dielectric measurements. The strongly “bended” MPB in the PIN–PT system was found to be “flattened” after addition of PZN in the PIN–PT–PZN system. The results demonstrate a possibility of growing ferroelectric single crystals with high electromechanical properties and expanded range of application temperature.