bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter implantation in the irradiated patient
Authors: Sathianathen Niranjan J. , McGuigan Sean M. , Moon Daniel A. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives
To present the outcomes of men undergoing artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation.
To determine the impact a history of radiation therapy has on the outcomes of prosthetic surgery for stress urinary incontinence.
Patients and Methods
A cohort of 77 consecutive men undergoing AUS implantation for stress urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery, including 29 who had also been irradiated, were included in a prospective database and followed up for a mean period of 21.2 months.
Continence rates and incidence of complications, revision and cuff erosion were evaluated, with results in irradiated men compared with those of men who had undergone radical prostatectomy alone.
The effect of co‐existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus and surgical approach on outcomes were also examined.
Results
Overall, the rate of social continence (0–1 pad/day) was 87% and similar in irradiated and non‐irradiated men (86.2 vs 87.5%). Likewise, the incidence of infection (3.4 vs 0%), erosion (3.4 vs 2.0%) and revision surgery (10.3 vs 12.5%) were not significantly different between the groups.
There was a far greater incidence of co‐existing urethral stricture disease in irradiated patients (62.1 vs 10.4%) which often complicated management; however, AUS implantation was still feasible in these men and, in four such cases, a transcorporal cuff placement was used.
There were poorer outcomes in patients with diabetes, and a greater re‐operation rate in those men who underwent a transverse scrotal rather than perineal surgical approach, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusions
Previous irradiation in patients may increase the complexity of treatment because of a greater incidence of co‐existing urethral stricture disease; however, these patients are still able to achieve a level of social continence similar to that of non‐irradiated patients, with no discernable increase in complication rates, cuff erosion or the need for revision surgery.
AUS implantation remains the ‘gold standard’ for management of moderate‐to‐severe stress urinary incontinence in both irradiated and non‐irradiated patients after prostate cancer treatment.
Validation of the bladder control self‐assessment questionnaire (B‐SAQ) in men
Authors: Sahai Arun , Dowson Christopher , Cortes Eduardo , Seth Jai , Watkins Jane , Khan Muhammed Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar , Cardozo Linda , Chapple Christopher , De Ridder Dirk , Wagg Adrian , Kelleher Cornelius 
Published: October 2013

Objective
To validate the Bladder Control Self‐Assessment Questionnaire (B‐SAQ), a short screener to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and overactive bladder (OAB) in men.
Patients and Methods
This was a prospective, single‐centre study including 211 patients in a urology outpatient setting.
All patients completed the B‐SAQ and Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) before consultation, and the consulting urologist made an independent assessment of LUTS and the need for treatment.
The psychometric properties of the B‐SAQ were analysed.
Results
A total of 98% of respondents completed all items correctly in <5 min.
The mean B‐SAQ scores were 12 and 3.3, respectively for cases (n = 101) and controls (n = 108) (P < 0.001).
Good correlation was evident between the B‐SAQ and the KHQ.
The agreement percentages between the individual B‐SAQ items and the KHQ symptom severity scale were 86, 85, 84 and 79% for frequency, urgency, nocturia and urinary incontinence, respectively.
Using a B‐SAQ symptom score threshold of ≥4 alone had sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for detecting LUTS of 75, 86 and 84%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.88; however, in combination with a bother score threshold of ≥1 these values changed to 92, 46 and 86%, respectively.
Conclusions
The B‐SAQ is an easy and quick valid case‐finding tool for LUTS/OAB in men, but appears to be less specific in men than in women.
The B‐SAQ has the potential to raise awareness of LUTS.
Further validation in a community setting is required.
CMTM3 inhibits cell migration and invasion and correlates with favorable prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Su Yu , Lin Yi , Zhang Lianhai , Liu Baocai , Yuan Wanqiong , Mo Xiaoning , Wang Xiaohong , Li Henan , Xing Xiaofang , Cheng Xiaojing , Dong Bin , Hu Ying , Du Hong , Zhu Yubing , Ding Ning , Li Jiyou , Liu Weili , Ma Yongzhen , Qiu Xiaoyan , Ji Jiafu , Han Wenling 
Published: October 2013

The CKLF‐like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3 (CMTM3) gene is a novel tumor suppressor with frequent epigenetic inactivation. In this study, we showed the role played by CMTM3 in gastric cancer cells as a tumor suppressor gene, and examined the correlation between CMTM3 expression and clinicopathological parameters using immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer patients with different pathological stages (n = 350). We found that CMTM3 expression was reduced or silenced by epigenetic regulation in gastric cell lines, and dramatically downregulated in primary gastric cancer tissues. Restoration of CMTM3 significantly affected migration and invasion of AGS and SGC‐7901 cells (P < 0.001). In vivo experiments showed that peritoneal disseminated metastases were significantly suppressed by CMTM3 (P < 0.001). We further showed that the expression of MMP2 and the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 were decreased when CMTM3 was restored. In addition, by immunohistochemical staining, we found that the expression of CMTM3 was remarkably weaker in gastric cancer tissues than in normal mucosae (P = 0.008), and was significantly correlated with gender (P = 0.033), tumor depth (P = 0.049), stage (P = 0.021), and histological grade (P = 0.022). More importantly, CMTM3 expression was associated with prognosis in gastric cancer patients (P = 0.041), and was a significant independent prognostic indicator (hazard ratio = 0.704, 95% confidence interval, 0.498–0.994; P = 0.046). Our findings indicate that CMTM3 regulates migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, CMTM3 is a candidate marker for prognosis of gastric cancer in the clinic.
Determinants of children's oral‐health‐related quality of life over time
Authors: Gururatana Orachad , Baker Sarah R. , Robinson Peter G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify clinical and psychosocial predictors of oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHQoL) in Thai children over time.MethodsOHQoL data were collected from 510 students aged 10–14 years at baseline and 3, 6 and 9‐month follow‐up using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11‐14), and sense of coherence (SOC), dental coping beliefs (DCB) and socioeconomic status (maternal educational attainment, paternal educational attainment and parental income), together with clinical variables (untreated caries, gingival health, malocclusion, dental opacities), were collected at baseline. The data were analysed with structural equation modelling (SEM) guided by the Wilson and Cleary model (J Am Med Assoc 1995;273:59).ResultsMean DMFT was 1.97 (SD = 1.81). Most students had healthy gingivae (54.3%) and 68.9% scored IOTN 1–4. The SEM model fitted the data well [CMIN/DF = 2.574, SRMR = 0.0561, CFI = 0.974 and RMSEA = 0.059 (90% CIs = 0.039–0.079)]. Higher SOC, DCB and socioeconomic status (SES) at baseline consistently predicted better OHQoL at all three time points. Untreated caries at baseline predicted worse OHQoL at 6‐month follow‐up only. Malocclusion and dental opacities were unrelated to OHQoL at any time point.ConclusionsIndividual factors, particularly SOC, were important influences on OHQoL, suggesting that interventions designed to promote SOC may present an opportunity to enhance children's experience of oral health in their daily lives. Clinical factors were not consistently related to OHQoL. This could be attributed to weak relationships between the two, the low level of disease and/or the sensitivity and discriminant validity of the CPQ11‐14.
CEO Characteristics and Internal Control Quality
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chen , Wang Ying‐Chieh , Chiou Jeng‐Ren , Huang Hua‐Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis study investigates the influence of CEO characteristics on internal control quality in the U.S.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a sample of 4,374 ExecuComp non‐financial firms, we find that CEO entrenchment and age are significantly associated with a material internal control weakness disclosure (MW) under Sarbanes‐Oxley Section 404 (SOX 404). Our results demonstrate that entrenchment and age may affect CEOs' behavior in response to the SOX 404 internal control requirements.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study provides empirical support for the influence of CEO characteristics on material internal control weakness. As a result, the effects of internal control mechanisms are likely to be decreased in firms with entrenched and younger CEOs, consistent with entrenchment theory.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study offers insights to regulators and lawmakers interested in the effects of CEO characteristics on internal control weakness. Importantly, it points out that CEO entrenchment and age are likely to affect the strength of internal control mechanisms.
Management of avulsions in Switzerland 2007–2010
Authors: von Büren Anja , Krastl Gabriel , Kühl Sebastian , Filippi Andreas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionMore than 50% of all European children suffer a dental injury (DI), for which the emergency treatment is usually carried out by a general dentist. The aim of this survey was to assess the management of avulsions in Switzerland as the common treatment procedures used by Swiss dentists in such cases. As yet there are no published data on the treatment of DI in Switzerland.Materials and methodsA 15‐item questionnaire was distributed to all members of the Swiss Dental Society containing questions about the dentists' profile, the distribution of dental injuries they had encountered affecting permanent teeth, especially avulsions, the number of treated avulsions and questions about how the dentists had treated an avulsion in the past 3 years.ResultsThe response rate was 41% (n = 1350). On average, two avulsions per practitioner had been seen in the past 3 years. The dental practitioners who encountered cases of tooth avulsion treated an average of 2.8 avulsions in that time frame. Most dentists applied conventional intraoral root canal treatment, which was performed on average 9 days after replantation. As the intracanal dressing, calcium hydroxide was used by 69.8% and Ledermix® by 49.3%, while Asphaline® was used by only 1.8% (multiple answers were possible). Seventy‐eight percent (78.1%) of the respondents had received postgraduate dental trauma education. Dentists with such an education used Ledermix® significantly more often (P = 0.002), and the time until pulp extirpation was significantly shorter (P < 0.001). The favorite splint after replantation was the Titanium Trauma Splint®, followed by the wire composite splint and the bracket splint, while the aligner was used very rarely. The average splinting time was 11.2 days. Eighty‐one percent (81.1%) of the respondents had a tooth rescue box in their office, 41.1% had Emdogain®, 25.9% had tetracycline for local application, and 14.7% had steroids for local application available.ConclusionAlthough only a few patients with avulsions had presented in Swiss dental offices in the past 3 years, their treatment was closely aligned to current guidelines.
Is Grover's disease an autoimmune dermatosis?
Authors: Phillips Courtney , Kalantari‐Dehaghi Mina , Marchenko Steve , Chernyavsky Alex I. , Galitovskiy Valentin , Gindi Vivian , Chun Sookhee , Paslin David , Grando Sergei A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGrover's disease (GD) is a transient or persistent, monomorphous, papulovesicular, asymptomatic or pruritic eruption classified as non‐familial acantholytic disorder. Contribution of autoimmune mechanisms to GD pathogenesis remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate antibody‐mediated autoimmunity in 11 patients with GD, 4 of which were positive for IgA and/or IgG antikeratinocyte antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. We used the most sensitive proteomic technique for an unbiased analysis of IgA‐ and IgG‐autoantibody reactivities. Multiplex analysis of autoantibody responses revealed autoreactivity of all 11 GD patients with cellular proteins involved in the signal transduction events regulating cell development, activation, growth, death, adhesion and motility. Semiquantitative fluorescence analysis of cultured keratinocytes pretreated with sera from each patient demonstrated decreased intensity of staining for desmoglein 1 and/or 3 and PCNA, whereas 4 of 10 GD sera induced BAD expression, indicating that binding of autoantibodies to keratinocytes alters expression/function of their adhesion molecules and activates apoptosis. We also tested the ability of GD sera to induce visible alterations of keratinocyte shape and motility in vitro but found no specific changes. Thus, our results demonstrated that humoral autoimmunity in GD can be mediated by both IgA and IgG autoantibodies. At this point, however, it is impossible to conclude whether these autoantibodies cause or are caused by the disease. Antidesmoglein antibodies may be triggered by exposure to immune system of sequestered antigens due to disintegration of desmosomes during primary acantholysis. Clarifying aetiology of GD will help improve treatment, which currently is symptomatic and of marginal effectiveness.
Salinity affects microbial activity and soil organic matter content in tidal wetlands
Authors: Morrissey Ember M. , Gillespie Jaimie L. , Morina Joseph C. , Franklin Rima B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractClimate change‐associated sea level rise is expected to cause saltwater intrusion into many historically freshwater ecosystems. Of particular concern are tidal freshwater wetlands, which perform several important ecological functions including carbon sequestration. To predict the impact of saltwater intrusion in these environments, we must first gain a better understanding of how salinity regulates decomposition in natural systems. This study sampled eight tidal wetlands ranging from freshwater to oligohaline (0–2 ppt) in four rivers near the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia). To help isolate salinity effects, sites were selected to be highly similar in terms of plant community composition and tidal influence. Overall, salinity was found to be strongly negatively correlated with soil organic matter content (OM%) and C : N, but unrelated to the other studied environmental parameters (pH, redox, and above‐ and below‐ground plant biomass). Partial correlation analysis, controlling for these environmental covariates, supported direct effects of salinity on the activity of carbon‐degrading extracellular enzymes (β‐1, 4‐glucosidase, 1, 4‐β‐cellobiosidase, β‐D‐xylosidase, and phenol oxidase) as well as alkaline phosphatase, using a per unit OM basis. As enzyme activity is the putative rate‐limiting step in decomposition, enhanced activity due to salinity increases could dramatically affect soil OM accumulation. Salinity was also found to be positively related to bacterial abundance (qPCR of the 16S rRNA gene) and tightly linked with community composition (T‐RFLP). Furthermore, strong relationships were found between bacterial abundance and/or composition with the activity of specific enzymes (1, 4‐β‐cellobiosidase, arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase, and phenol oxidase) suggesting salinity's impact on decomposition could be due, at least in part, to its effect on the bacterial community. Together, these results indicate that salinity increases microbial decomposition rates in low salinity wetlands, and suggests that these ecosystems may experience decreased soil OM accumulation, accretion, and carbon sequestration rates even with modest levels of saltwater intrusion.
Abrupt fire regime change may cause landscape‐wide loss of mature obligate seeder forests
Authors: Bowman David M. J. S. , Murphy Brett P. , Neyland Dominic L. J. , Williamson Grant J. , Prior Lynda D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObligate seeder trees requiring high‐severity fires to regenerate may be vulnerable to population collapse if fire frequency increases abruptly. We tested this proposition using a long‐lived obligate seeding forest tree, alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis), in the Australian Alps. Since 2002, 85% of the Alps bioregion has been burnt by several very large fires, tracking the regional trend of more frequent extreme fire weather. High‐severity fires removed 25% of aboveground tree biomass, and switched fuel arrays from low loads of herbaceous and litter fuels to high loads of flammable shrubs and juvenile trees, priming regenerating stands for subsequent fires. Single high‐severity fires caused adult mortality and triggered mass regeneration, but a second fire in quick succession killed 97% of the regenerating alpine ash. Our results indicate that without interventions to reduce fire severity, interactions between flammability of regenerating stands and increased extreme fire weather will eliminate much of the remaining mature alpine ash forest.
Catchment‐mediated atmospheric nitrogen deposition drives ecological change in two alpine lakes in SE Tibet
Authors: Hu Zhujun , Anderson Nicholas John , Yang Xiangdong , McGowan Suzanne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe south‐east margin of Tibet is highly sensitive to global environmental change pressures, in particular, high contemporary reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition rates (ca. 40 kg ha−1 yr−1), but the extent and timescale of recent ecological change is not well prescribed. Multiproxy analyses (diatoms, pigments and geochemistry) of 210Pb‐dated sediment cores from two alpine lakes in Sichuan were used to assess whether they have undergone ecological change comparable to those in Europe and North America over the last two centuries. The study lakes have contrasting catchment‐to‐lake ratios and vegetation cover: Shade Co has a relatively larger catchment and denser alpine shrub than Moon Lake. Both lakes exhibited unambiguous increasing production since the late 19th to early 20th. Principle component analysis was used to summarize the trends of diatom and pigment data after the little ice age (LIA). There was strong linear change in biological proxies at both lakes, which were not consistent with regional temperature, suggesting that climate is not the primary driver of ecological change. The multiproxy analysis indicated an indirect ecological response to Nr deposition at Shade Co mediated through catchment processes since ca. 1930, while ecological change at Moon Lake started earlier (ca. 1880) and was more directly related to Nr deposition (depleted δ15N). The only pronounced climate effect was evidenced by changes during the LIA when photoautotrophic groups shifted dramatically at Shade Co (a 4‐fold increase in lutein concentration) and planktonic diatom abundance declined at both sites because of longer ice cover. The substantial increases in aquatic production over the last ca. 100 years required a substantial nutrient subsidy and the geochemical data point to a major role for Nr deposition although dust cannot be excluded. The study also highlights the importance of lake and catchment morphology for determining the response of alpine lakes to recent global environmental forcing.
Animal manure application and soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Maillard Émilie , Angers Denis A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe impact of animal manure application on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock changes is of interest for both agronomic and environmental purposes. There is a specific need to quantify SOC change for use in national greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories. We quantified the response of SOC stocks to manure application from a large worldwide pool of individual studies and determined the impact of explanatory factors such as climate, soil properties, land use and manure characteristics. Our study is based on a meta‐analysis of 42 research articles totaling 49 sites and 130 observations in the world. A dominant effect of cumulative manure‐C input on SOC response was observed as this factor explained at least 53% of the variability in SOC stock differences compared to mineral fertilized or unfertilized reference treatments. However, the effects of other determining factors were not evident from our data set. From the linear regression relating cumulative C inputs and SOC stock difference, a global manure‐C retention coefficient of 12% ± 4 (95% Confidence Interval, CI) could be estimated for an average study duration of 18 years. Following an approach comparable to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we estimated a relative SOC change factor of 1.26 ± 0.14 (95% CI) which was also related to cumulative manure‐C input. Our results offer some scope for the refinement of manure retention coefficients used in crop management guidelines and for the improvement of SOC change factors for national GHG inventories by taking into account manure‐C input. Finally, this study emphasizes the need to further document the long‐term impact of manure characteristics such as animal species, especially pig and poultry, and manure management systems, in particular liquid vs. solid storage.
Forest floor vegetation response to nitrogen deposition in Europe
Authors: Dirnböck Thomas , Grandin Ulf , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Beudert Burkhardt , Canullo Roberto , Forsius Martin , Grabner Maria‐Theresia , Holmberg Maria , Kleemola Sirpa , Lundin Lars , Mirtl Michael , Neumann Markus , Pompei Enrico , Salemaa Maija , Starlinger Franz , Staszewski Tomasz , Uziębło Aldona Katarzyna 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Chronic nitrogen (N) deposition is a threat to biodiversity that results from the eutrophication of ecosystems. We studied long‐term monitoring data from 28 forest sites with a total of 1,335 permanent forest floor vegetation plots from northern Fennoscandia to southern Italy to analyse temporal trends in vascular plant species cover and diversity. We found that the cover of plant species which prefer nutrient‐poor soils (oligotrophic species) decreased the more the measured N deposition exceeded the empirical critical load (CL) for eutrophication effects (P = 0.002). Although species preferring nutrient‐rich sites (eutrophic species) did not experience a significantly increase in cover (P = 0.440), in comparison to oligotrophic species they had a marginally higher proportion among new occurring species (P = 0.091). The observed gradual replacement of oligotrophic species by eutrophic species as a response to N deposition seems to be a general pattern, as it was consistent on the European scale. Contrary to species cover changes, neither the decrease in species richness nor of homogeneity correlated with nitrogen CL exceedance (ExCLempN). We assume that the lack of diversity changes resulted from the restricted time period of our observations. Although existing habitat‐specific empirical CL still hold some uncertainty, we exemplify that they are useful indicators for the sensitivity of forest floor vegetation to N deposition.