bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Universal Biocompatible and Multifunctional Solid Electrolyte in p‐Type and n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Complementary Circuits and Bioelectronic Interfaces
Authors: Tang Cindy G. , Wu Ruhua , Chen Yingjun , Zhou Zhongliang , He Qiang , Li Ting , Wu Xihu , Hou Kunqi , Kousseff Christina J. , McCulloch Iain , Leong Wei Lin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of soft and flexible devices for collection of bioelectrical signals is gaining momentum for wearable and implantable applications. Among these devices, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) stand out due to their low operating voltage and large signal amplification capable of transducing weak biological signals. While liquid electrolytes have demonstrated efficacy in OECTs, they limit its operating temperature and pose challenges for electronic packaging due to potential leakage. Conversely, solid electrolytes offer advantages such as mechanical flexibility, robustness against environmental factors, and ability to bridge the interface between rigid dry electronics systems and soft wet biological tissues. However, few systems have demonstrated generality and compatibility with a wide range of state‐of‐the‐art organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs). This paper introduces a highly stretchable, flexible, biocompatible, self‐healable gelatin‐based solid‐state electrolyte, compatible with both p‐ and n‐type OMIEC channels while maintaining high performance and excellent stability. Furthermore, this nonvolatile electrolyte is stable up to 120 °C and exhibits high ionic conductivity even in dry environment. Additionally, an OECT‐based complementary inverter with a record‐high normalized‐gain of 228 V−1 and a corresponding ultralow static power consumption of 1 nW is demonstrated. These advancements pave the way for versatile applications ranging from bioelectronics to power‐efficient implants.
A Single‐Dose mRNA Vaccine Employing Porous Silica Nanoparticles Induces Robust Immune Responses Against the Zika Virus
Authors: Shin Hojeong , Kang Seounghun , Won Cheolhee , Min Dal‐Hee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)‐based mRNA delivery has been approved by the FDA for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. However, there are still considerable points for improvement in LNPs. Especially, local administration of LNPs‐formulated mRNA can cause off‐target translation of mRNA in distal organs which can induce unintended adverse effects. With the hypothesis that large and rigid nanoparticles can be applied to enhance retention of nanoparticles at the injection site, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐coated porous silica nanoparticles (PPSNs)‐based mRNA delivery platform is designed. PPSNs not only facilitate localized translation of mRNA at the site of injection but also prolonged protein expression. It is further demonstrated that the development of a highly efficacious Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine using mRNA encoding full‐length ZIKV pre‐membrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein delivered by PPSNs. The ZIKV prME mRNA‐loaded PPSNs vaccine elicits robust immune responses, including high levels of neutralizing antibodies and ZIKV E‐specific T cell responses in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, a single injection of prME‐PPSNs vaccine provided complete protection against the ZIKV challenge in mice.
Stretchable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Array with Sophisticated Sensitivity, Strain‐Insensitivity, and Reproducibility
Authors: Choi Su Bin , Noh Taejoon , Jung Seung‐Boo , Kim Jong‐Woong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the development of a novel 10 by 10 sensor array featuring 100 pressure sensor pixels, achieving remarkable sensitivity up to 888.79 kPa−1, through the innovative design of sensor structure. The critical challenge of strain sensitivity inherent is addressed in stretchable piezoresistive pressure sensors, a domain that has seen significant interest due to their potential for practical applications. This approach involves synthesizing and electrospinning polybutadiene‐urethane (PBU), a reversible cross‐linking polymer, subsequently coated with MXene nanosheets to create a conductive fabric. This fabrication technique strategically enhances sensor sensitivity by minimizing initial current values and incorporating semi‐cylindrical electrodes with Ag nanowires (AgNWs) selectively coated for optimal conductivity. The application of a pre‐strain method to electrode construction ensures strain immunity, preserving the sensor's electrical properties under expansion. The sensor array demonstrated remarkable sensitivity by consistently detecting even subtle airflow from an air gun in a wind sensing test, while a novel deep learning methodology significantly enhanced the long‐term sensing accuracy of polymer‐based stretchable mechanical sensors, marking a major advancement in sensor technology. This research presents a significant step forward in enhancing the reliability and performance of stretchable piezoresistive pressure sensors, offering a comprehensive solution to their current limitations.
Saprolegniosis in aquaculture and how to control it?
Authors: Lindholm‐Lehto Petra Camilla , Pylkkö Päivi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSaprolegniosis, also called water mould, induces a cotton or wool‐like white growth on fish skin. It can kill fish at all stages of life, from eggs to adults. It is caused by oomycetes from the genus Saprolegnia and causes fish mortality and huge financial losses to fish farms and hatcheries. Saprolegnia species are endemic and ubiquitous in all freshwater habitats around the world. The exposing factors for saprolegniosis are still largely unknown, but stressors such as temperature shocks, poor water quality, handling and high fish density have been associated with outbreaks. For decades, malachite green was the most effective treatment against Saprolegnia infection, but it has been banned due to its carcinogenic and toxic effects. This has forced farmers to use alternative disinfection methods against Saprolegnia infection, such as hydrogen peroxide, formalin, Bronopol, NaCl, acetic acid and ozone, although many may have safety concerns or are impractical to use. This has led to the investigation of plant‐based compounds with antifungal and antibacterial properties against saprolegniosis. These include extracts of certain herbs, onion, garlic, extracts of the plant Chrysanthemum, essential oils of Eryngium campestre, Mentha piperita, Cuminum cyminum and Thymus linearis, which include a variety of phenolic compounds and fatty acids with antifungal properties. This review combines the current knowledge regarding the predisposing factors to Saprolegnia infections and current methods to prevent and treat them, including those under further research. Thus far, many compounds have been tested and studied, but an effective, suitable and safe compound to treat Saprolegnia infection remains to be found.
m‐Pyripentaphyrins(1.0.0.0.0): BIII Complexes and β‐β Directly Linked Dimers
Authors: Wu Liuhui , Li Pei , Xu Ling , Rao Yutao , Yin Bangshao , Zhou Mingbo , Song Jianxin , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstractm‐Pyripentaphyrins(1.0.0.0.0) were synthesized by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of 3,5‐bis(5‐borylpyrrol‐2‐yl)‐BODIPY with 2,6‐dibromopyridine. Upon treatment with PhBCl2, pyripentaphyrin 1 provided mono‐ and bis‐BIII complexes sequentially. The Mono‐BIII complex shows a distorted tetrahedral coordinated BIII with a σ‐phenyl ligand on the BIII and the bis‐BIII complex shows an additional distorted tetrahedral coordinated BIII with a B−H bond. Bromination of the pyripentaphyrins with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) resulted in regioselective formation of 8‐bromopyripentaphyrins, which were dimerized to 8,8’‐linked dimers by reductive coupling with Ni(cod)2. While all these pyripentaphyrins are nonaromatic, they exhibit characteristic broad absorption bands at long wavelength near the NIR region, indicating the presence of effective macrocyclic conjugation.
Alcohol regeneration of anion exchange resin loaded with per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organic contaminants
Authors: Graham Cole , Kassar Christian , Boyer Treavor H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrophobic ionizable organic compounds (HIOCs) like per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, and surfactants have been detected in water supplies. Anion exchange is an effective process for the removal of HIOCs from water. Regeneration solution comprising methanol (ca. 75% v/v) and brine is used to effectively desorb HIOCs from resins to overcome the combination of electrostatic and non‐electrostatic interactions. This research investigated different mono‐ and polyhydroxy alcohol cosolvents with brine to regenerate resins saturated with HIOCs to understand the effects of cosolvent properties on regeneration. For PFAS desorption using 25% v/v alcohol in 5% NaCl solution, regeneration efficiency increased in the order methanol < ethanol < 1‐propanol. Experiments with the pharmaceutical diclofenac and surfactant dodecylbenzene sulfonate showed similar regeneration efficiency using 75% v/v methanol in 5% NaCl solution and 25% v/v 1‐propanol in 5% NaCl solution and higher regeneration efficiency using 1‐propanol than ethanol or methanol at the same volume fraction.
Kritische Betrachtung von Temperaturkriterien zur Kontrolle der erhärtungsbedingten Rissgefahr
Authors: Schlicke Dirk , Krenn Christina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFür die Betonherstellung auf der Baustelle werden diverse Begrenzungen der Betontemperatur vorgeschrieben. Vorrangig zielen diese auf die Sicherstellung der Verarbeitbarkeit des Frischbetons unter extremen Witterungsbedingungen sowie eine ordnungsgemäße Hydratation ab. Darüber hinaus bestehen für bestimmte Anwendungen zusätzliche Regelungen für die Betontemperatur, um die erhärtungsbedingte Rissgefahr bzw. Rissintensität infolge Zwangs zu reduzieren. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die maximale Bauteiltemperatur, die maximale Frischbetontemperatur oder auch die maximale Temperaturgradiente über den Querschnitt pauschal begrenzt. Allerdings werden diese Grenzwerte unabhängig von der Umgebungstemperatur definiert. Inwieweit diese Temperaturgrenzen für die erhärtungsbedingte Rissgefahr gerechtfertigt sind, wird mit thermomechanischen Simulationen an 3D‐Volumenmodellen untersucht. Im Detail wird die erhärtungsbedingte Temperatur‐ und Spannungsentwicklung infolge der Betonerhärtung für unterschiedliche Bauteiltypen und Umgebungsrandbedingungen simuliert und hinsichtlich der einhergehenden Rissgefahr ausgewertet. Die systematische Auswertung der Ergebnisse zeigt, dass die pauschalen Begrenzungen der maximalen Bauteiltemperatur und der Frischbetontemperatur lediglich pragmatische Lösungen für die Kontrolle der erhärtungsbedingten Rissgefahr darstellen und in manchen Fällen auch nicht zielsicher greifen. Für eine effektive Steuerung sind diese Grenzwerte daher stets in Zusammenhang mit den klimatischen Randbedingungen zu definieren.
Biomass‐based functional separators for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Xia Yongbo , Wang Lei , Li Xiaoru , Liao Tingting , Zhai Jichao , Wang Xiaohui , Huo Kaifu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe global transition toward sustainable energy sources has prompted a paradigm shift in the field of energy storage. The separator is an important component in rechargeable batteries, which facilitates the rapid passage of ions and ensures the safety and efficiency of the electrochemical process by preventing direct contact between the anode and cathode. Traditional polyolefin‐based separators induce environmental concerns due to their nonbiodegradable nature. Biomass‐based separators derived from renewable sources such as plant fibers, agricultural waste, and biopolymers have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional polymer separators. In this review, we summarize the current state and development of biomass‐based separators for high‐performance batteries, including innovative manufacturing techniques, novel biomass materials, functionalization strategies, performance evaluation methods, and potential applications. The review also delves into the environmental impact and sustainability analysis of biomass‐based separators, offering insights into the potential of biomass as the most sustainable resource for future energy storage solutions. This review could provide a holistic understanding of the advancements and potential of biomass‐based separators, shedding light on the path toward sustainable and efficient energy storage based on biomass‐derived separators.
Learn how to create lawful selection policy for student organizations
Authors: Lyerly Eric 
Published: July 2024

Colleges and universities are still finding their footing after Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College (referred to as “SFFA”), 600 U.S. 181 (2023). In SFFA, the U.S. Supreme Court found that race‐based admission processes at colleges and universities were unconstitutional, overturning decades of precedent.
Supported Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles: The Influence of Mesoporous Materials and their Role in Methyl Phenyl Sulfide Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Ortenzi Georgina P. , Leal‐Marchena Candelaria , Gómez Costa Marcos B. , Laura Martínez M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe effect of the support in the incorporation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles on mesoporous materials (SBA‐15) and mesoporous cellular foam (MCF) was investigated. The materials were characterized using various techniques. The XRD diffraction patterns showed that the porous structures remained after cobalt incorporation, while high‐angle XRD of the MCF showed CoO peaks, in contrast to Co‐SBA‐15 which exhibited Co3O4. This was confirmed by XPS technique. The SEM‐EDS and HRTEM‐STEM microscopy indicate a distribution of cobalt oxides uniform in the samples synthesized and the average size of the particles is 1.88 nm. H2‐TPR analysis highlighted the interaction between the support surfaces and the metal oxide (SMSI). It was observed that in the SBA‐15 structure, small clusters of cobalt oxide formed with a strong interaction with silica, leading to high reduction temperatures. The catalysts activity was characterized in oxidation reactions of Methyl Phenyl Sulfide and a correlation was observed between the characterization results and the enhanced selectivity and yield towards sulfone exhibited by Co‐MCF.
Designing Efficient 2D Photocatalysts through Coordination Activation Mediated Surface Engineering
Authors: Shi Yingzhang , Wang Zhiwen , Song Yujie , Yu Jimmy C. , Wu Ling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors with unique structures and surface physicochemical characteristics have been extensively employed for efficient photocatalysis. Recently, surface coordination activation interactions have obtained attention in promoting photocatalytic efficiency as they establish bridges between reactants and photocatalysts. Accordingly, a burgeoning trend in the design of 2D photocatalysts is regulating the surface active centers for coordinating with reactants. These attempts have developed various effective strategies to optimize the 2D photocatalysts and provide in‐depth insights into the structure‐function relationship for heterogeneous photocatalysis. Herein, we summarize recent advances in surface engineering in designing efficient 2D photocatalysts, focusing on coordination activation. We emphasize the advantages of coordination activation as a versatile medium for engineering the surface of photocatalysts. In particular, the discussion includes various strategies for surface engineering and the structure‐function relationship in photocatalysis. This work systematically concludes the significance and future challenges of coordination activation in the surface functionalization of 2D photocatalysis, shedding light on the design of next‐generation photocatalysts.
Automating computational design with generative AI
Authors: Ploennigs Joern , Berger Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAI image generators based on diffusion models have recently garnered attention for their capability to create images from simple text prompts. However, for practical use in civil engineering they need to be able to create specific construction plans for given constraints. This paper investigates the potential of current AI generators in addressing such challenges, specifically for the creation of simple floor plans. We explain how the underlying diffusion‐models work and propose novel refinement approaches to improve semantic encoding and generation quality. In several experiments we show that we can improve validity of generated floor plans from 6% to 90%. Based on these results we derive future research challenges considering building information modeling. With this we provide: (i) evaluation of current generative AIs; (ii) propose improved refinement approaches; (iii) evaluate them on various examples; (iv) derive future directions for diffusion models in civil engineering.
Correcting Edge Defects in Self‐Assembled Monolayers through Thermal Annealing
Authors: Pauls Alana , Dunnum Ally , Martin Andrew , Huth Ava , Du Chuanshen , Thuo Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are emerging as platform technology for a myriad of applications, yet they still possess varied spatial stability and predictability issues as their properties are heavily dependent on subtle structural features. Reducing entropy within such a system serves as one of many potential solutions to increase order and therefore coherence/precision in measured properties. Here we explore controlled thermal annealing to improve edge disorders in SAMs and significantly reduce data variance. Using both odd‐ and even‐numbered n‐alkanethiol SAMs on Au, we observe statistically significant difference in the contact angles between edge and center. Thermal annealing at 40 °C significantly narrows differences between edges and centre of the SAM, albeit with significant reduction in the parity dependent odd‐even effect. This study provides a pathway to improve SAMs consistency through minimal external perturbation as reflected by the minimization of odd‐even effect as SAMs become increasingly ordered.
Patient experience of the process to diagnosis of chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia: A qualitative study
Authors: Atkins Eleanor , Kellar Ian , Birmpili Panagiota , Boyle Jonathan R. , Pherwani Arun D. , Chetter Ian , Cromwell David A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionDelays exist at each stage of the chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia (CLTI) care pathway, but there is little known about patient factors influencing delay to diagnosis of CLTI. This study explores the experiences and perceptions of patients recently diagnosed with CLTI.MethodsA qualitative interview study was conducted. Sixteen participants underwent semi‐structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed on the data, aiming to understand factors which can influence delay in the CLTI care pathway.ResultsFive interrelated themes were developed: CLTI is a devastating condition; Reluctance to ask for help; When we are empowered we get better care; Luck plays a role in the process to diagnosis; and Vascular units can do better, comprising sub‐themes of information transfer—consider communication and arterial versus non‐arterial centres—proximity isn't everything.ConclusionsThe five themes generated from the interview data describe factors relevant to delay given meaning by participants who have lived experience of CLTI. Theme content should be noted by clinicians, commissioners and providers looking to improve care pathways for patients with CLTI. The importance of awareness for the public, patients and clinicians linked ideas in some themes and interventions to raise awareness should be considered.
Emerging role of local treatment in the era of advanced systemic treatment in pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yun Won‐Gun , Han Youngmin , Jung Hye‐Sol , Kwon Wooil , Park Joon Seong , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 50% of pancreatic cancer cases are diagnosed with distant metastases, commonly in the liver, leading to poor prognosis. With modern chemotherapy regimens extending patient survival and stabilizing metastasis, there has been a rise in the use of local treatments. However, the effectiveness for local treatment remains unclear.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting the survival outcomes of pancreatic cancer cases with isolated synchronous or metachronous liver metastases who underwent curative‐intent local treatment. Hazard ratios were combined using a random‐effects model.ResultsThe full texts of 102 studies were screened, and 14 retrospective studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Among patients with synchronous liver metastases, overall survival was significantly better in those who underwent curative‐intent local treatment than in those who did not (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.52). Among patients with metachronous liver metastases, overall survival was also significantly better in those who underwent curative‐intent local treatment than in those who did not (HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19–0.73).ConclusionsCurative‐intent local treatment may be a feasible option for highly selected pancreatic cancer cases with liver metastases. However, the optimal strategy for local treatments should be explored in future studies.
Multicenter study comparing EUS‐guided hepaticogastrostomy and ERCP for malignant biliary obstruction in patients with accessible papillae
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Hijioka Susumu , Takeshita Kotaro , Sato Junya , Takenaka Mamoru , Fukunaga Tomohiro , Omoto Shunsuke , Fujimori Nao , Ohno Akihisa , Hatamaru Keiichi , Tamura Takaaki , Imai Hajime , Yamada Masanori , Hakoda Akitoshi , Nishikawa Hiroki , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne advantage of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS) is that it is difficult for reflux cholangitis, caused by duodenal pressure increasing due to duodenal obstruction, to occur. In addition, since stent deployment is performed away from the malignant stricture site, longer stent patency than with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be obtained. However, no study has previously compared EUS‐HGS and ERCP for patients without duodenal obstruction or surgically altered anatomy. The aim of the present study was to compare clinical outcomes between EUS‐HGS and ERCP in normal anatomy patients without duodenal obstruction.MethodIn the ERCP group, patients who initially underwent biliary drainage were included. In the EUS‐HGS group, patients who underwent EUS‐HGS due to failed biliary cannulation were included. Patients with an inaccessible papilla, such as with surgically altered anatomy or duodenal obstruction, were excluded.ResultsA total of 314 patients who underwent ERCP and EUS‐HGS were enrolled in this study. Of the 314 patients, 289 underwent biliary stenting under ERCP guidance, and 25 patients underwent biliary stenting under EUS‐HGS. After propensity score‐matching analysis, the adverse event rate tended to be lower in the EUS‐HGS group than in the ERCP group. Although overall survival was not significantly different between the EUS‐HGS and ERCP groups (p = .228), stent patency was significantly longer in the EUS‐HGS group (median 366.0 days) than in the ERCP group (median 76.5 days).ConclusionsEUS‐HGS had a lower adverse event rate, shorter procedure time, and longer stent patency than ERCP in cases of normal anatomy without duodenal obstruction.