bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hamster cheek pouch model for field cancerization studies
Authors: Monti‐Hughes Andrea , Aromando Romina F. , Pérez Miguel A. , Schwint Amanda E. , Itoiz Maria E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractExternal carcinogens, such as tobacco and alcohol, induce molecular changes in large areas of oral mucosa, which increase the risk of malignant transformation. This condition, known as ‘field cancerization’, can be detected in biopsy specimens using histochemical techniques, even before histological alterations are identified. The efficacy of these histochemical techniques as biomarkers of early cancerization must be demonstrated in appropriate models. The hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model, universally employed in biological studies and in studies for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer, is also an excellent model of field cancerization. The carcinogen is applied in solution to the surface of the mucosa and induces alterations that recapitulate the stages of cancerization in human oral mucosa. We have demonstrated that the following can be used for the early detection of cancerized tissue: silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions; the Feulgen reaction to stain DNA followed by ploidy analysis; immunohistochemical analysis of fibroblast growth factor‐2, immunohistochemical labeling of proliferating cells to demonstrate an increase of epithelial cell proliferation in the absence of inflammation; and changes in markers of angiogenesis (i.e. those indicating vascular endothelial growth factor activity, endothelial cell proliferation and vascular density). The hamster cheek pouch model of oral cancer was also proposed and validated by our group for boron neutron capture therapy studies for the treatment of oral cancer. Clinical trials of this novel treatment modality have been performed and are underway for certain tumor types and localizations. Having demonstrated the efficacy of boron neutron capture therapy to control tumors in the hamster cheek pouch oral cancer model, we adapted the model for the long‐term study of field cancerized tissue. We demonstrated the inhibitory effect of boron neutron capture therapy on tumor development in field cancerized tissue with acceptable levels of mucositis, a dose‐limiting side‐effect.
Research on growth factors in periodontology
Authors: Smith Patricio C. , Martínez Constanza , Cáceres Mónica , Martínez Jorge 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGrowth factors play critical roles in periodontal repair through the regulation of cell behavior. Many of the cell responses regulated by these proteins include cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Periodontal regeneration involves an organized response of different cells, tissues and growth factors implicated in the coordination of these events. However, periodontal tissue reconstruction is an extremely difficult task. Multiple studies have been performed to understand the specific role of growth factors in periodontal wound healing. In the present review we analyze the evidence that supports the roles of growth factors in periodontal wound healing and regeneration.
Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis
Authors: Feres Magda , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Soares Geisla M. Silva , Faveri Marcelo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDespite the fact that several clinical studies have shown additional benefits when certain systemic antibiotics are used as adjuncts to periodontal treatment, clear guidelines for the use of these agents in the clinical practice are not yet available. Basic questions concerning the use of systemic antibiotics to treat periodontitis remain unanswered, such as: which drug(s) should be used; which patients would most benefit from treatment; which are the most effective protocols (i.e. doses and durations); and in which phase of the mechanical therapy should the drug(s) be administered? Although not all of those questions have been directly addressed by controlled randomized clinical trials, recent concepts related to the ecology of periodontal diseases, as well as the major advances in laboratory and clinical research methods that have occurred in the past decade, have significantly broadened our knowledge in this field. This article endeavored to provide a ‘state of the art’ overview on the use of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis, based on the most recent literature on the topic as well as on a compilation of data from studies conducted at the Center of Clinical Trials at Guarulhos University (São Paulo, Brazil) from 2002 to 2012.
Quality of life in nursing home residents with advanced dementia: a 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Oudman Erik , Veurink Bertus 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life (QOL) in dementia has become increasingly recognized as an important clinical and policy concern, but little is known about the progression of QOL in patients with advanced dementia on psychogeriatric units of nursing homes. Therefore, the primary goal of the current study was to assess the evolution of QOL in advanced dementia patients on a psychogeriatric unit.MethodsThe QUALIDEM scale, a reliable and validated QOL instrument developed for patients with advanced dementia in residential settings who are unable to self‐report, was assessed at baseline and 2 years later. Of the 75 patients with advanced dementia included at baseline, 32 patients participated at follow‐up.ResultsAverage QUALIDEM QOL scores did show a trend towards a significant improvement over a 2‐year period. For 61.8% of the subjects at follow‐up, the average scores improved. On the subscales that assessed ‘feeling at home’, ‘social isolation’ and ‘negative affect’, improvement was significant.ConclusionsAlthough it could be expected that QOL would decline over time in advanced dementia patients, results of the current study suggest that QOL is stable or improves despite the global cognitive deterioration, particularly in the more advanced stages of dementia. QOL is a distinctive domain of disease severity that should receive more attention in the advanced stages of dementia.
Implication of FKBP6 for Male Fertility in Horses
Authors: Schrimpf R , Metzger J , Martinsson G , Sieme H , Distl O 
Published: December 2014

ContentsIn stallions, impaired acrosome reaction (IAR) may often cause subfertility. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FK506‐binding protein (FKBP6) seem to be associated with IAR in stallions. However, their effect on stallion fertility has not yet been quantified. Using whole‐genome sequence data of seven stallions, we searched FKBP6 for mutations to perform an association study in Hanoverian stallions with estimated breeding values for the paternal component of the pregnancy rate per oestrus cycle (EBV‐PAT) as target trait. Genotyping five exonic mutations within FKBP6 revealed a significant association of the SNP g.11040379C>A (p.167H>N) with EBV‐PAT in 216 Hanoverian stallions. The difference among the two homozygous genotypes was 7.62% in EBV‐PAT, corresponding to one standard deviation of EBV‐PAT. In conclusion, in Hanoverian stallions, the FKBP6‐associated SNP g.11040379C>A confers higher conception rates in A/A homozygous and lower conception rates in C/C homozygous Hanoverian stallions. Thus, an FKBP6‐associated missense mutation is significantly associated with stallion fertility.
Interface Problems for Dispersive Equations
Authors: Sheils and Natalie E. , Deconinck  Bernard 
Published: December 2014

The interface problem for the linear Schrödinger equations in one‐dimensional piecewise homogeneous domains is examined by providing an explicit solution in each domain. The location of the interfaces is known and the continuity of the wave function and a jump in their derivative at the interface are the only conditions imposed. The problem of two semi‐infinite domains and that of two finite‐sized domains are examined in detail. The problem and the method considered here extend that of an earlier paper by Deconinck et al. (2014) [1]. The dispersive nature of the problem presents additional difficulties that are addressed here.
Using a discussion about scientific controversy to teach central concepts in experimental design
Authors: Bennett Kimberley Ann 
Published: December 2014

SummaryStudents may need explicit training in informal statistical reasoning in order to design experiments or use formal statistical tests effectively. By using scientific scandals and media misinterpretation, we can explore the need for good experimental design in an informal way. This article describes the use of a paper that reviews the measles mumps rubella vaccine and autism controversy in the UK to illustrate a number of threshold concepts underlying good study design and interpretation of scientific evidence. These include the necessity of sufficient sample size, representative and random sampling, appropriate controls and inferring causation.
The crosstalk between the kidney and the central nervous system: the role of renal nerves in blood pressure regulation
Authors: Nishi Erika E. , Bergamaschi Cássia T. , Campos Ruy R. 
Published: December 2014

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
This review describes the role of renal nerves as the key carrier of signals from the kidneys to the CNS and vice versa; the brain and kidneys communicate through this carrier to maintain homeostasis in the body.

What advances does it highlight?
Whether renal or autonomic dysfunction is the predominant contributor to systemic hypertension is still debated. In this review, we focus on the role of the renal nerves in a model of renovascular hypertension.

The sympathetic nervous system influences the renal regulation of arterial pressure and body fluid composition. Anatomical and physiological evidence has shown that sympathetic nerves mediate changes in urinary sodium and water excretion by regulating the renal tubular water and sodium reabsorption throughout the nephron, changes in the renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate by regulating the constriction of renal vasculature, and changes in the activity of the renin–angiotensin system by regulating the renin release from juxtaglomerular cells. Additionally, renal sensory afferent fibres project to the autonomic central nuclei that regulate blood pressure. Hence, renal nerves play a key role in the crosstalk between the kidneys and the CNS to maintain homeostasis in the body. Therefore, the increased sympathetic nerve activity to the kidney and the renal afferent nerve activity to the CNS may contribute to the outcome of diseases, such as hypertension.
Dorsoventral differences in Kv7/M‐current and its impact on resonance, temporal summation and excitability in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells
Authors: Hönigsperger Christoph , Marosi Máté , Murphy Ricardo , Storm Johan F. 
Published: December 2014

Key points
Kv7 (KCNQ/M) channels are known to control excitability and generate subthreshold M‐resonance in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells, but their properties and functions have not previously been compared along the dorsoventral (septotemporal) axis
We used whole‐cell recordings to compare electrophysiological properties of dorsal and ventral CA1 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices from 3‐ to 4‐week‐old rats
Blockade of Kv7/M‐channels with 10,10‐bis(4‐pyridinylmethyl)‐9(10H)‐anthracenone dihydrochloride (XE991) had a stronger impact on electrical properties in dorsal than ventral pyramidal cells, including input resistance, temporal summation, M‐resonance, spike threshold, medium after‐hyperpolarization, excitability, and spike frequency adaptation.
Voltage‐clamp recordings revealed a larger amplitude and left‐shifted voltage dependence of XE991‐sensitive current (IM) in dorsal vs. ventral cells.
IM‐dependent differences in excitability and resonance may be important for rate and phase coding of CA1 place cells along the dorsoventral axis and may enhance epileptiform activity in ventral pyramidal cells.
AbstractIn rodent hippocampi, the connections, gene expression and functions differ along the dorsoventral (D–V) axis. CA1 pyramidal cells show increasing excitability along the D–V axis, although the underlying mechanism is not known. In the present study, we investigated how the M‐current (IM), caused by Kv7/M (KCNQ) potassium channels, and known to often control neuronal excitability, contributes to D–V differences in intrinsic properties of CA1 pyramidal cells. Using whole‐cell patch clamp recordings and the selective Kv7/M blocker 10,10‐bis(4‐pyridinylmethyl)‐9(10H)‐anthracenone dihydrochloride (XE991) in hippocampal slices from 3‐ to 4‐week‐old rats, we found that: (i) IM had a stronger impact on subthreshold electrical properties in dorsal than ventral CA1 pyramidal cells, including input resistance, temporal summation of artificial synaptic potentials, and M‐resonance; (ii) IM activated at more negative potentials (left‐shifted) and had larger peak amplitude in the dorsal than ventral CA1; and (iii) the initial spike threshold (during ramp depolarizations) was elevated, and the medium after‐hyperpolarization and spike frequency adaptation were increased (i.e. excitability was lower) in the dorsal rather than ventral CA1. These differences were abolished or reduced by application of XE991, indicating that they were caused by IM. Thus, it appears that IM has stronger effects in dorsal than in ventral rat CA1 pyramidal cells because of a larger maximal M‐conductance and left‐shifted activation curve in the dorsal cells. These mechanisms may contribute to D–V differences in the rate and phase coding of position by CA1 place cells, and may also enhance epileptiform activity in ventral CA1.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Biofilm-Producing Bacillus subtilis Strain B-1, Isolated from an Oil Field
Authors: Kesel S. , Moormann F. , Gümperlein I. , Mader A. , Morikawa M. , Lieleg O. , Opitz M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of the
Bacillus subtilis
strain B-1, a strain known to form biofilms. The biofilm matrix mainly consists of the biopolymer γ-polyglutamate (γ-PGA). The sequence of the genome of this strain allows the study of specific genes involved in biofilm formation.
Genome Sequence of Streptococcus phocae subsp.
salmonis
Strain C-4
T
, Isolated from Atlantic Salmon (
Salmo salar
)
Authors: Avendaño-Herrera Ruben , Suarez Rudy , Lazo Eduardo , Bravo Diego , Llegues Katerina O. , Romalde Jesús L. , Godoy Marcos G. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus phocae
subsp.
salmonis
is a fish pathogen that has an important impact on the Chilean salmon industry. Here, we report the genome sequence of the type strain C-4
T
isolated from Atlantic salmon (
Salmo salar
), showing a number of interesting features and genes related to its possible virulence factors.
Draft Genome Sequence of Photorhabdus temperata Strain Meg1, an Entomopathogenic Bacterium Isolated from
Heterorhabditis megidis
Nematodes
Authors: Hurst Sheldon G. , Ghazal Shimaa , Morris Krystalynne , Abebe-Akele Feseha , Thomas W. Kelley , Badr Usama M. , Hussein Mona A. , AbouZaied Mohamed A. , Khalil Kamal M. , Tisa Louis S. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Photorhabdus temperata
strain Meg1 is an entomopathogenic bacterium that forms a symbiotic association with
Heterorhabditis
nematodes. We report here a 4.9-Mbp draft genome sequence for
P. temperata
strain Meg1, with a G+C content of 43.18% and containing 4,340 candidate protein-coding genes.
The Complete Genome Sequence of the San Miguel Sea Lion Virus-8 Reveals that It Is Not a Member of the Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus/San Miguel Sea Lion Virus Species of the
Caliciviridae
Authors: Neill John D. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of the San Miguel sea lion virus-8 (SMSV-8) was determined in this study. A comparison of this sequence to other calicivirus sequences in GenBank showed that this virus is genetically distinct from the vesicular exanthema of swine virus/San Miguel sea lion virus (VESV/SMSV) strains and belongs to a novel clade within the
Vesivirus
genus.
Draft Genome Sequence of Gephyronic Acid Producer Cystobacter violaceus Strain Cb vi76
Authors: Stevens D. Cole , Young Jeanette , Carmichael Rory , Tan John , Taylor Richard E. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

A draft genome sequence of
Cystobacter violaceus
strain Cb vi76, which produces the eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor gephyronic acid, has been obtained. The genome contains numerous predicted secondary metabolite clusters, including the gephyronic acid biosynthetic pathway. This genome will contribute to the investigation of secondary metabolism in other
Cystobacter
strains.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Methylobacterium
sp. Strain L2-4, a Leaf-Associated Endophytic N-Fixing Bacterium Isolated from
Jatropha curcas
L
Authors: Madhaiyan Munusamy , Chan Kam Lock , Ji Lianghui 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Methylobacterium
sp. strain L2-4 is an efficient nitrogen-fixing leaf colonizer of biofuel crop
Jatropha curcas
. This strain is able to greatly improve the growth and seed yield of
Jatropha curcas
and is the second reported genome sequence of plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from
Jatropha curcas
.
Effects of dietary sodium and the DASH diet on the occurrence of headaches: results from randomised multicentre DASH-Sodium clinical trial
Authors: Amer Muhammad , Woodward Mark , Appel Lawrence J 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesHeadaches are a common medical problem, yet few studies, particularly trials, have evaluated therapies that might prevent or control headaches. We, thus, investigated the effects on the occurrence of headaches of three levels of dietary sodium intake and two diet patterns (the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (rich in fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products with reduced saturated and total fat) and a control diet (typical of Western consumption patterns)).DesignRandomised multicentre clinical trial.SettingPost hoc analyses of the DASH-Sodium trial in the USA.ParticipantsIn a multicentre feeding study with three 30 day periods, 390 participants were randomised to the DASH or control diet. On their assigned diet, participants ate food with high sodium during one period, intermediate sodium during another period and low sodium during another period, in random order.Outcome measuresOccurrence and severity of headache were ascertained from self-administered questionnaires, completed at the end of each feeding period.ResultsThe occurrence of headaches was similar in DASH versus control, at high (OR (95% CI)=0.65 (0.37 to 1.12); p=0.12), intermediate (0.57 (0.29 to 1.12); p=0.10) and low (0.64 (0.36 to 1.13); p=0.12) sodium levels. By contrast, there was a lower risk of headache on the low, compared with high, sodium level, both on the control (0.69 (0.49 to 0.99); p=0.05) and DASH (0.69 (0.49 to 0.98); p=0.04) diets.ConclusionsA reduced sodium intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of headache, while dietary patterns had no effect on the risk of headaches in adults. Reduced dietary sodium intake offers a novel approach to prevent headaches.Trial registration numberNCT00000608.
An unblinded, randomised phase II study of platinum-based chemotherapy with vitamin B12and folic acid supplementation in the treatment of lung cancer with plasma homocysteine blood levels as a biomarker of severe neutropenic toxicity
Authors: Minchom A R , Saksornchai K , Bhosle J , Gunapala R , Puglisi M , Lu S K , Nimako K , Coward J , Yu K C , Bordi P , Popat S , O'Brien M E R 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundVitamin B12and folic acid (referred to as vitamin supplementation) improves the toxicity profile of pemetrexed containing regimens. Low baseline vitamin B12and folate levels are reflected in a raised total homocysteine level (HC). Studies have suggested that pretreatment HC levels predict neutropenia toxicity. We have tested supplementation with vitamin B12and folate in non-pemetrexed platinum-based regimens to decrease treatment-related toxicity and looked for a correlation between toxicity and change in homocysteine levels.Patient and methodEighty-three patients with advanced lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma were randomly assigned to receive platinum-based chemotherapy with (arm A) or without (arm B) vitamin B12and folic acid supplementation. The primary end point was grade 3/4 neutropenia and death within 30 days of treatment. Secondary end points included quality of life, overall survival (OS) and the relationship between baseline and post supplementation HC levels and toxicity.ResultsIn the intention-to-treat population, no significant difference was seen between the two groups with respect to chemotherapy-induced grade 3/4 neutropenia and death within 30 days of chemotherapy (36% vs 37%; p=0.966, emesis (2% vs 6%; p=0.9) or OS (12.3 months vs 7 months; p=0.41). There was no significant difference in survival rates by baseline HC level (p=0.9). Decrease in HC with vitamin supplementation was less frequent than expected. High baseline HC levels decreased with vitamin supplementation in only 9/36 (25%) patients (successful supplementation). Post hoc analysis showed that patients in arm A who were successfully supplemented (9/36=25%) had less neutropenic toxicity (0% vs 69%; p=0.02) compared to unsupplemented patients.ConclusionsThe addition of vitamin B12and folic acid to platinum-containing regimens did not overall improve the toxicity, quality of life or OS. Rates of grade 3/4 neutropenia at 36/37% was as predicted. Further studies to increase the rate of successful supplementation and to further test the biomarker potential of post supplementation HC levels in predicting chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in platinum-based chemotherapy are warranted.Trial registration number:EudracCT 2005-002736-10ISRCTN8734355.
Identification of the severe sepsis patient at triage: a prospective analysis of the Australasian Triage Scale
Authors: Chamberlain Diane J , Willis Eileen , Clark Robyn , Brideson Genevieve 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the accuracy and validity of the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) as a tool to identify and manage in a timely manner the deteriorating patient with severe sepsis.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study conducted in five sites of adult patients. Keywords and physiological vital signs data from triage documentation were analysed for the ‘identified’ status compared with confirmed diagnosis of severe sepsis after admission to the intensive care unit. The primary outcome is the accuracy and validity of the ATS Triage scale categories to identify a prespecified severe sepsis population at triage. Secondary outcome measures included time compliance, antimicrobial administration and mortality prediction. Statistical analysis included parameters of diagnostic performance. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to mortality prediction.ResultsOf 1022 patients meeting the criteria for severe sepsis, 995 were triaged through the emergency department, 164 with shock. Only 53% (n=534) were identified at triage. The overall sensitivity of the ATS to identify severe sepsis was 71%. ATS 3 was the most accurate (likelihood ratio positive, 2.45, positive predictive value 0.73) and ATS 2 the most valid (area under the curve 0.567) category. Identified cases were more likely to survive (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.697 to 0.94, p<0.007). The strongest bias-adjusted predictors of mortality were circulatory compromise variable (1.78, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.41, p<0.001), lactate >4 (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.89, p<0.001) and ATS 1 category (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.35, p<0.005).ConclusionsThe ATS and its categories is a sensitive and moderately accurate and valid tool for identifying severe sepsis in a predetermined group, but lacks clinical efficacy and safety without further education or quality improvement strategies targeted to the identification of severe sepsis.