bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of macular pigment optical density measured by autofluorescence and reflectometry: The LIMPIA study
Authors: CREUZOT C , DELYFER MN , ROUGIER MB , SAVEL H , CHENE G , DELCOURT C , KOROBELNIK JF 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To compare macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measured by two techniques (autofluorescence, reflectometry) in healthy subjects at high risk for age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods The Limpia Study is a double‐blind, placebo controlled, prospective randomized clinical trial performed in 120 subjects with at least one parent affected by neovascular AMD. Subjects having used supplements containing lutein and/or zeaxanthin in the preceding year were not included. MPOD was measured using two methods: the two‐wavelength autofluorescence method with a modified scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retinal AnalyzerResults At baseline, mean MPOD within 0.51°, measured with the modified HRA method, was 0.5 (standard deviation 0.2). Maximal MPOD, measured with Visucam, was 0.4 (standard deviation 0.1). Parameters from the modified HRA (optical density within 0.5°, 1°, 2° and 6°) and from the Visucam method (volume, area, mean and maximum optical density) were weakly correlated. The best correlations were observed for MPOD within 2° and 6° with volume from Visucam(r=0.21 and r=0.22, respectively), and mean MPOD from Visucam (r=0.21 and r=0.18).Conclusion The two methods propose different parameters to evaluate macular pigment, which overall correlated weakly in this population of middle‐aged healthy subjects at high risk for AMD. Further research is needed to characterize the differences between the methods and identify the best parameters and techniques to measure macular pigment.
Commercial interest
Evaluation of ultra‐widefield fundusautofluorescence in non‐infectious posterior uveitis
Authors: KERNT M , REZNICEK L , THURAU S , KAMPIK A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Posterior uveitis comprises a heterogenous group of diseases with inflammatory alterations of the posterior fundus and is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. The goal of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of wide‐field‐fundusautofluorescence (FAF) of patients with non‐infectious posterior uveitis and chorioretinal alterations.Methods 73 eyes from 51 patients were included. Best‐corrected visual acuity, wide‐field color and FAF images achieved by a wide‐field SLO (Optomap P200Tx, Optos PLC, Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland, UK) and a full ophthalmological examination were obtained from each patient. A systematic analysis of chorioretinal alterations detected with FAF and color images was conducted followed by the evaluation of the diagnostic information of wide‐field FAF compared to the clinical finding and wide‐field color images respectively.Results 52 of 73 included cases showed peripheral alterations. In 32 cases, wide‐field FAF images revealed a greater number and more extended chorioretinal alterations than corresponding wide‐field color images of the posterior fundus.Conclusion In this study, wide‐field FAF images showed more chorioretinal alterations than seen in funduscopy or in color SLO images. Therefore, wide‐field FAF images offer important additional information in detection and documentation of peripheral and central chorioretinal alterations.
Fluid of choroidal origin
Authors: SOUBRANE G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe choroidal circulation is crucial in supplying nutrients as well as oxygen to the outer retina. The capillaries of the choriocapillaris are fenestrated and have a high protein permeability that allows the establishment of a high oncotic pressure, presumably contributing to movement of fluid out of the retina through the stroma to the sclera. The pores of the choriocapillaris are facing the RPE. Bruchs membrane acts as a sieve depending on the amount and chemical properties of the deposited waste products. The accumulation of fluid under the RPE or within the retina implies a tight Bruchs membrane. Lipids as result of the the outer segment turn over accumulate and decrease the permeability of Bruchs membrane precluding the evacuation of the waste products and initiate a vicious circle. Active transport by the RPE is impaired. The tight junctions of the RPE are ruptured, the fluid irruption into the retina results in the disorganisation of the outer layers of the retina. A progressive breakdown of all defense mechanisms especially the reabsorbtion pump tips over the balance. The mechanismsm of the restauration are partially known. All choroidal diseases can induce these featuree and clinicians may analyze the resulting steps
Introduction, Surgical treatment options for corneal dystrophies
Authors: WYLEGALA E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroduction, Surgical treatment options for corneal dystrophies Corneal dystrophies are the group of hereditary disorders affecting all corneal layers. Since 2008 when IC3D classification was published there are new advances in diagnosis and treatment of corneal dystrophies. During this course we would like to present the current methods of diagnosis including genetic testing and different treatment options. The choice of the surgical treatment option depends on the corneal dystrophy type and includes: anterior lamellar keratoplasty for dystrophies without Descemet membrane involvement, descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty for Fuchs corneal dystrophy and penetrating keratoplasty for dystrophies characterized by full corneal thickness involvement. All types of keratoplasty could be performed traditionally or with the assistance of the femtosecond laser. The corneal graft survival depends on the corneal dystrophy type and possible complication of the surgery related to the diagnosis of the corneal dystrophy is the recurrence of the disease.
Classification of corneal dystrophies (IC3D)
Authors: NIELSEN K 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCorneal dystrophies have been described and assigned various names in different regions at different times in history. A group of skilled cornea experts from four continents, the International Committee for Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D), reviewed the literature, agreed on common signs and symptoms, and presented a new classification system. As more corneal dystrophies become genetically characterized, this element has also been included in the system. The structure of the IC3D classification system will be discussed.
Imaging methods of the corneal dystrophies
Authors: JANISZEWSKA D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCorneal imaging techniques used for corneal dystrophies diagnosis and follow up include: optical coherence tomography, endothelial and confocal microscopy. In this part of the course we would like to describe different optical coherence tomography modalities and compare time and spectral domain OCT in visualization of the corneal deposits accumulated in the corneal dystrophies. We also would like to present the analysis of corneal morphology in vivo by confocal microscopy as well as describe the characteristic features of each corneal dystrophy in the histopathologic examination.
Curie experience with transvitreal and transcleral FNAB
Authors: CASSOUX N 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) with different techniques have been recently developed during the management of intraocular tumors especially uveal melanoma. The need of a biopsy to diagnosed intraocular tumors remains rare. However in some difficult cases of achromic tumors FNAB can be helpful to distinguished achromic melanoma, metastasis, or choroidal malt lymphoma. FNAB is mainly used for choroidal melanoma prognostication. It has been shown that choroidal melanoma prognosis depends on well‐known clinical factor but also genetic factors within the tumor (monosomy 3 and 8q addition or GEP class II). Determination of patient prognosis by FNAB open the way to adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk patients. Different techniques can be used to obtain sufficient tumor samples and these different techniques will be exposed during this symposium. Curie experience using transcleral or transvitreal FNAB will be described.
How to handle ophthalmic biopsy specimen to optimize the results
Authors: COUPLAND S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOphthalmic biopsies are performed for diagnostic & increasingly for prognostic purposes. The aim of the presentation is to provide "tips and tricks" for the surgeon, ophthalmic technician and pathologist in the work‐up of the typical and the "atypical" ophthalmic biopsy. The Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre is one of three referral centres for adult ocular oncology in the UK. It receives close to 800 new referrals each year, with some of these being quite unusual cases. Contrary to practice in some centres, where there is a suspicion of choroidal metastasis of an underlying (possibly unknown) systemic tumour, an intraocular biopsy is performed as one of the initial investigations to confirm (or refute) the clinical impression. Morphological and immunocytological analysis can confirm the diagnosis and provide an indication of the site of the primary tumour. Further, genetic analysis of the tumour cells (e.g. EGF‐R mutations) may enable treatment choice. In the case of clear clinical diagnoses, biopsies are performed for prognostication purposes: e.g. in uveal melanoma. Close collaboration is required between surgeon and the pathology laboratory, in order to obtain the best diagnostic and prognostic yields from these samples.
Retinal ganglion cell impairment in Leber Optic Neuropathy carriers triggers cortical compensatory plasticity in extrastriate cortex
Authors: CASTELO‐BRANCO M , MATEUS C , D' ALMEIDA O , REIS A , SILVA E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To establish a link between silent retinal progressive impairment and cortical reorganization in a cohort of 15 asymptomatic patients harboring the 11778G>A mutation with good visual acuity and normal ocular examination (pre‐clinical phase). We aimed to phenotype preclinical silent degeneration from the psychophysical, neurophysiological and structural point of view. Moreveover we aimed to establish whether retinal measures could explain cortical reorganization.Methods We studied RGC function at the population level using pattern electrophysiology and chromatic contrast sensitivity along three chromatic axes. We used optical coherence tomography to measure macular, RGC nerve fiber layer as well as inner and outer retinal layer thickness. We then asked whether such measures could explain previously identified cortical reorganization as assessed by cortical magnetic resonance imaging thickness measures in extrastriate visual cortex.Results We found that compensatory cortical plasticity occurring in V2 and V3 is predicted by thickness of macular RGC axonal layer. This was also the most discriminative measure between carriers and controls, as revealed by ROC analysis. Moreover we found that the substantial cortical reorganization that occurs in the carrier state, can be used to provide statistical discrimination between carrier and normal groups to a level that is similar to measures of retinal dysfunction.Conclusion We conclude that cortical compensatory plasticity in visual areas V2 and V3 is triggered by pathology in retinal ganglion cell axons.
STARflo™ Glaucoma Implant: 12 month clinical results
Authors: POURJAVAN S , COLLIGNON N , DE GROOT V 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose STARfloTM Glaucoma Implant is made entirely with silicone STAR® Biomaterial, a flexible tissue‐friendly, micro‐porous structure designed to reduce fibrotic response and maximize long‐term performance. Here we share our 12months experience with the first patients implanted with the STARflo.Methods Four patients with advanced open angle glaucoma underwent implantation. Under anesthesia, a conjunctival flap and a superficial scleral flap were created. An incision in the second layer of sclera until choroid was performed to insert the implant body in the suprachoroidal space while the STARflo head was inserted into the anterior chamber. The scleral flap was sutured tight.Results Patient ages were 65.3 years. Mean pre‐operative IOP was 37.0 mmHg and mean pre‐operative glaucoma medication was 3.25 intake/day. At 12 months (3 cases), mean IOP was 14.3 mmHg and mean glaucoma medication was 1.5 intake/day. No adverse events were reported during or immediately after the surgical procedure and no device‐related adverse events were reported during follow‐up. Early post‐operative complications included transient hypotony, transient choroidal hemorrhage and transient abnormal macula. Bleb disappeared between month 1and month 3. One patient, with posttraumatic COAG, was dropped out following a cyclophotocoagulation.Conclusion clinical results for STARflo have met the safety and performance endpoints of the study and shown encouraging results in the control of the IOP with a reduction of glaucoma medications. Although long‐term success still has to be demonstrated, this newly‐CE marked device is promising as a novel, suprachoroidal implant for bleb‐free, IOP reduction for patient suffering from refractory open angle glaucoma.
Commercial interest
Efficacy and safety of combined trans‐scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) and phacoemulsification surgery
Authors: ANSARI E , HAWKES E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess the effect of combined TSCPC and phaco+IOL with respect to; a) IOP ; b) VA; c) topical therapy d) side effect profile at 6 months post surgery.Methods A retrospective review of 24 eyes undergoing combined TSCPC and phacoemulsification was conducted at 6 months post‐operatively. The procedures were performed by one surgeon (EA) under peribulbar local anaesthesia. TSCPC was applied across 270 degrees after completion of phaco+IOL. Subtenons Triamcinolone Acetonide 40mg was administered after each case. G. Prednisolone 1% x6 daily was used post‐operatively for 6 weeks. The patients were reviewed at weeks 1, 4, 12 and 24.Results 24 eyes were included. 20 had open angle glaucoma, 3 had mixed mechanism glaucoma and 1 neovascular glaucoma (NVG). The average total energy used was 87.5W, (Range: 33.8‐346W). Mean pre‐treatment IOP was 22.1mmHg (Range 12‐47mmHg) and mean IOP at 6 months post treatment was 14mmHg (Range 0‐20mmHg);(p<0.05). Mean total medication was reduced from 2.1 to 1.9;(p=0.55). Diamox was discontinued in all 7 cases who were taking this pre‐operatively. VA was stable or improved in 18 eyes (76%) and worse in 6 eyes (25%). Uveitis occurred in 5 eyes following treatment, 1 patient developed optic atrophy and chronic hypotony occurred in only 1 eye which had NVG. The causes of worsening of visual acuity at 6 months were chronic hypotony (n=1), chronic cystoid macular oedema (n=2), worsening of glaucoma (n=3).Conclusion Combined TSCPC and phacoemulsification is effective in treating cataract and glaucoma. Post‐operative inflammation is a potential threat to visual improvement.
Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) for advanced glaucoma: A 12 months follow‐up study
Authors: PELOSINI L , FAYEMI A , ANSARI E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose ALT has been used for lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) for over 25 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of ALT in cases of advanced glaucoma unsuitable for surgery due to ocular or systemic conditions.Methods This retrospective observational study had the following inclusion criteria: advanced POAG with uncontrolled IOP, maximum medical treatment, previously failed ALT or filtration surgery and unsuitability for surgical intervention due to ocular or systemic comorbidities. The data collected included: pre‐ and postoperative number of medications, visual acuity (VA), visual fields mean deviation (VF MD), IOP and adverse events during the study period. All ALT treatments were carried out by the same clinician.Results A total of 40 patients (40 eyes; mean age: 79 years; range 56‐92 years) were identified. The number of medications remained unchanged in 75% patients, decreased by 2‐4 medications in 12.5% of patients and increased by 1‐2 in 12.5% of patients. Mean Log MAR VA (baseline 0.27±SD 0.45; final 0.19±SD 0.3) and the VF MD (baseline ‐9.17±SD 8.9; final ‐9.45±SD 9.3) did not change significantly over the 12 months study period (Log MAR p=0.29; VF MD p=0.18). The change in IOP was statistically significant, p=0.00018 (p<0.001), with an average IOP reduction by 18.14% at 12 months. In 76% of patients the mean IOP decreased by 6 mmHg and in 47.5% of patients the final IOP was lower than 16mmHg. No adverse events were observed during the study.Conclusion ALT appeared safe and effective in lowering the IOP in cases of advanced glaucoma unsuitable for surgery.
In Vivo Bioimaging of RPE cell death
Authors: AMBATI J , KLEINMAN ME 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have now demonstrated the ability to non‐invasively image RPE cell death in a targeted fashion with a custom engineered NIRF dye conjugated to an irreversibly binding pan‐caspase substrate. The bio‐probe detection was sensitive and specific for degenerating RPE and overlying outer retinal layers in a mouse model with geographic atrophy (GA)‐like features. No significant ocular toxicity was noted, and eyes maintained a clear visual axis with undetectable anterior or posterior segment inflammation. While the potential role of caspase inhibition in the treatment of GA remains uncertain and will be addressed in future studies, an ideal translation of this knowledge would be to utilize caspase imaging as a means for the early detection, prognosis, and indication for therapeutic intervention in GA.
Basics of forward and backward scatter in the human eye lens
Authors: VAN DEN BERG TJTP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis presentation will treat basics of light scattering from the physical point of view, and as applicable to the human eye lens. The type of light scattering most easily recognized in ophthalmology is volume scattering, i.e. the more or less uniform lightness as seen in the slitlamp image. In fact this seeming uniformity derives from light scattering by a dense distribution of small particles. The ratio between backward and forward scatter strongly depends on particle size. Particles much smaller than wavelength scatter about equally in forward and backward directions; larger particles scatter (much) more strongly in forward direction. The particles dominating backward scatter in the human eye lens (towards the slitlamp, scheimpflug camera, etc.) are much smaller than wavelength. The particles dominating forward scatter have sizes of the order of wavelength. So, no direct link exists between slitlamp observation and hinder to the patient, as can be assessed with straylight. However statistically, the amounts of both types of scatterers can be linked. The less easily observed and understood type of scatter is surface scatter, e.g. from "Wasserspalten". Optical bench study of human eye lenses on these phenomena will be presented.
Commercial interest
Pentacam HR and C‐Quant – forward versus back‐ward light scattering, what is the correlation?
Authors: WEGENER A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA pilot study with 20 patients of varying age and sex has been conducted to compare light scattering measurements performed with the Pentacam HR and the C‐Quant in patients with various ocular problems. The Pentacam HR measurements were done in mydriasis with the standard 25 image recording process. The C‐Quant measurements were done in miosis according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pentacam images were exported for densitometric analysis to a custom‐made software, whereas the C‐Quant data were evaluated with the instrument software. During normal, age‐related light scattering increase, C‐Quant data were less sensitive for the detection of scattering changes than densitometric evaluation of the Scheimpflug images. However, certain disease conditions like diabetes evidenced a sensitive difference between the 2 measurement techniques.
Conjunctival provocation test in ophthalmology daily practice
Authors: FAUQUERT J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConjunctival provocation Test (CPT) is the main technique that may lead to the etiologic diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis (AC). In most cases of seasonal and acute AC, the relationship with an allergen exposure is easily assessed. But in cases of perennial AC or in vernal as well as in atopic keratoconjunctivitis, the pertinence of the sensitization should be evidenced. To do this, CPT is the one tool available. The ophthalmologist plays a major role in its daily practice. Before CPT, a slit lamp examination is mandatory to avoid any contraindication (elevated clinical scoring, corneal impairment). The rating of symptoms occurring during CPT requires the ophthalmologist's collaboration as well as management of reactions consecutive to the instillation of increasing doses of allergens. Thus CPT requires a narrow collaboration between the ophthalmologist and the allergist.
The latest developments in the genetics of Fuchs corneal dystrophy
Authors: BARATZ K 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a common, familial trait. Several genes have been associated with the disease, including LOXHD1, SLC4A11, TCF4, ZEB‐1 and COL8A2 which has been identified as a cause of an early‐onset Fuchs‐like disease. The evidence for these genetic associations will be reviewed and new data will be shared. To date, the most sensitive biomarker for FECD is an intronic TGC trinucleotide expansion in the TCF4 gene which is present in the majority of FECD cases and in a small proportion of normal control subjects. Within families, this tricnucleotide expansion tends to segregate with the disease phenotype. The biology of trinucleotide expansion diseases and possible mechanisms by which TGC expansion may conribute to FECD will be presented. A brief discussion of recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of FECD, such as the unfolded protein response and oxidative stress, will also be presented in order to highlight the challenges in linking the implicated causative genes with the biochemical pathways involved in the disease.
Morphological and proliferative studies on ex vivo cultured human anterior capsule lens epithelial cells
Authors: ANDJELIC S , DRASLAR K , HAWLINA M , PETROVSKI G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The proliferation and migration of lens epithelial cells (LECs) that remain in the capsular bag after cataract surgery can lead to development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) ‐ a major cause of post‐operative visual loss. The multipotency of anterior lens capsule (LC) LECs is still controversial. We aimed to test the proliferating and migrating potential and to characterize structurally the ex vivo cultured LECs growing out off human anterior LC.Methods The explants of LCs were obtained from uneventful cataract surgery and consisted of basal membrane and monolayer of LECs that were cultivated under adherent conditions. The size and shape of the outgrowing cells were recorded by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their migration and proliferation potential were followed on a daily basis throughout their continued growth using light microscope.Results The migration and proliferation of anterior LC LECs filling up the denuded region of the LC could be followed by light microscopy. These cells could also migrate to the opposite side of the capsule as shown by both, light microscopy and SEM. The migration and proliferation of LECs on glass or plastic culture surfaces could be shown by both techniques, while the distribution of the LECs and their morphology could be analyzed in details by SEM.Conclusion Classic light microscopy and SEM studies can be used to show that human anterior LC harbors LECs that can migrate and proliferate, suggesting their multipotency and putative stem cell nature. The anterior LC explants can be used to study PCO and the potential of different pharmaceutical or physical treatments against PCO development.