bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and manipulating business models applying system dynamics approach
Authors: Hajiheydari Nastaran , Zarei Behrouz 
Published: June 2013

PurposeConsidering the significant necessity of organization's conformity with environmental changes and also the importance of predicting the result of managerial decisions, this research has been accomplished with the purpose of designing a dynamic business model. In today's ever changing business environment, the simulation of different decision making scenarios is obligatory for managers in order to create the possibility of studying the effects of decision results on business model (BM) components, interrelation of component and total benefits in an organization. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to take advantage of the dynamic system approach as an operational, quantitative and flexible approach for business model simulation.Design/methodology/approachBased on this purpose, related literature was thoroughly reviewed and proportionate with the level of study and research approach, Business Model Ontology (BMO) was chosen. The model designed using the system dynamics approach and its structure was evaluated via expert judgment. In the next step, some scenarios were developed and executed to confirm the behavior of the model and also to evaluate the importance of applying the dynamic approach in business model simulation.FindingsThese results show that decision making for a BM change leads to complexities and dynamic behavior of business components and also other actor reactions which are usually nonlinear and complex. In this regard this paper suggests dynamic simulation utilization to predict and analyze the results.Originality/valueThe system dynamic approach has precedents in business studies; however, this research makes this approach operational in BM design and analysis.
The symbiotic relation between organizations and society
Authors: Stone Dianna L. , Canedo Julio C. , Tzafrir Shay 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to: consider the extent to which recent research in industrial and organizational (I&O) psychology has examined the symbiotic relations between organizations and society; review the societal changes affecting organizations and individuals; and offer directions for future research.Design/methodology/approachTwo researchers reviewed and categorized topics published in the key journals in the field during the period 2008‐2010 including: Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP), Personnel Psychology (PPsy), Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes (OBHDP), and the Journal of Managerial Psychology (JMP). There was considerable agreement on the categorization of topics in the journals.FindingsThe results of the review revealed that the majority of topics published in these journals focused on enhancing organizational effectiveness, and relatively few studies concentrated on social issues. In particular, 21 percent of articles in JAP and PPsy, 12 percent of articles in OBHDP, and 56 percent of articles in JMP emphasized social issues.Research limitations/implicationsOnly four journals in the field were reviewed, and a more thorough review of research in all journals is needed.Practical implicationsThe review has implications for understanding the impact of societal changes on organizations and individuals, and for developing new human resource policies and practices.Social implicationsThe review indicated that more research is needed on social issues.Originality/valueThe paper adds unique value to the literature because it stresses the symbiotic relation between organizations, and society, highlights the importance of social issues, and offers directions for future research.
Leadership development needs assessment in healthcare: a collaborative approach
Authors: Grandy Gina , Holton Judith 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis exploratory study aims to present data collected from a collaborative project designed to assess leadership development needs in a healthcare setting.Design/methodology/approachThe research describes a three‐phase design that draws primarily upon qualitative data collected from focus groups, written submissions and interviews with middle managers employed in a provincial health authority, Horizon Health Network, located in Atlantic Canada.FindingsThe findings reveal a number of considerations for future leadership development programs including the need to make space for leadership development, the role of partnerships in leadership development, and the need for mentoring and coaching. In addition, a number of challenges facing the organization and the possible impact on leadership development are identified.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are based upon one case study site and this limits the generalizability of the research. In addition, the researchers were only able to make direct contact with one half of the 150 middle managers that will be participants in the eventual leadership development program.Practical implicationsThis research describes a collaborative approach through which to increase buy‐in and commitment to leadership development in healthcare organizations. The approach provides a path to build sustainability in overall organizational performance through a healthy and engaged workforce.Originality/valueMost research describes or evaluates leadership development programs with little attention devoted to the process of needs assessment. In addition, the literature focuses upon participants who have finished a program or are part way through a program. This research looks at the possibilities of a collaborative approach to leadership development pre‐leadership development program starting at the needs assessment phase.
Auditors' time pressure: does ethical culture support audit quality?
Authors: Svanberg Jan , Öhman Peter 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the impact of ethical culture on audit quality under conditions of time budget pressure. The study also tests the relationship between ethical culture and time budget pressure.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a field survey of financial auditors employed by audit firms operating in Sweden.FindingsThe study finds relationships between three ethical culture factors and reduced audit quality acts. The ethical environment and the use of penalties to enforce ethical norms are negatively related to reduced audit quality acts, whereas the demand for obedience to authorities is positively related to reduced audit quality acts. Underreporting of time is not related to ethical culture, but is positively related to time budget pressure. Finally, the study finds a relationship between two ethical culture factors and time budget pressure, indicating a possible causal relationship, but ethical culture does not mediate an indirect effect of time budget pressure on reduced audit quality acts.Originality/valueThis is the first study to report the effect of ethical culture on dysfunctional auditor behavior using actual self‐reported frequencies of reduced audit quality acts and underreporting of time as data.
Superior performance and reliability of copper wire ball bonding in laminate substrate based ball grid array
Authors: Leong Gan Chong , Classe Francis , Hashim Uda 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic method to perform long‐term reliability assessment of gold (Au) and copper (Cu) ball bonds in fineline ball grid array package. Also with the aim to study the apparent activation energies (Eaa) and its associated wearout mechanisms of both Au and Cu wire in semiconductor device packaging. This paper discusses the influence of wire type on the long‐term reliability and mechanical performance after several component reliability stress tests.Design/methodology/approachA fineline ball grid array (FBGA) package with Cu and Au wire bonds was assembled with green molding compound and substrate. Samples are subjected for long‐term high temperature storage bake test at elevated temperatures of 150°C, 175°C and 200°C. Long‐term reliability plots (lognormal plots) are established and Eaa of both ball bonds are determined from Arrhenius plots. Detailed failure analysis has been conducted on failed sample and HTSL failure mechanisms have been proposed.FindingsReliability results show Au ball bond in FBGA package is observed with higher hour‐to‐failure compared to Cu ball bonds. The Eaa value of high temperature storage life (HTSL) reliability for Au ball bond is lower than Cu ball bond. Typical HTSL failure mechanism of Au ball bond is induced by micro‐voiding and AuAl intermetallic compound (IMC) micro‐cracks while CuAl IMC micro‐cracking (induced by Cl− corrosion attack and micro‐cracking) caused wearout opens in Cu ball bond. These test results affirm the test‐to‐failure data collected is a useful method for lifetime prediction and Eaa calculation.Practical implicationsThe paper reveals higher reliability performance of Cu ball bond in FBGA flash memory package which can be deployed in flash memory FBGA packaging with optimised package bill of materials.Originality/valueThe test‐to‐failure methodology is a useful technique for wearout reliability prediction and Eaa calculation.
Three axial low temperature cofired ceramic accelerometer
Authors: Jurków Dominik 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe paper aims to present numerical modeling and technology of a very first three axial low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) accelerometer.Design/methodology/approachLow temperature cofired ceramics technology was applied in the fabrication process of the novel device. The numerical modeling was used to predict the properties of the accelerometer, moreover, design of the experiment methodology was used to reduce time of simulation and to get as much as information from the experiment as possible.FindingsThe low temperature cofired ceramics make it possible to fabricate three axial accelerometer.Research limitations/implicationsThe presented device is just a first prototype. Therefore, further research work will be needed to improve structural drawbacks and to analyze precisely the device reliability and parameters repeatability.Practical implicationsThe device presented in the paper can be applied in systems working in a harsh environment (high temperature and humidity). Ceramic sensors can withstand temperatures up to 600°C.Originality/valueThis paper presents novel three axial LTCC accelerometer.
Assets and obstacles: an analysis of OUA hockey from the coaches’ perspective
Authors: Chard Chris R. , Hyatt Craig , Foster William M. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe passion of Canadians for ice hockey is well documented; however, university teams in Canada are routinely ignored by consumers and the media. The authors’ goal was to better understand the context in which Ontario university hockey struggles and to address the theoretical question of how best to examine and evaluate the problems of sport‐specific organizations. Using the Value Dynamics Framework (VDF), the purpose of this paper was to examine whether or not this framework fits well with the realities facing not‐for‐profit OUA hockey teams, and if not, to create a framework specific to these teams.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 of the 19 (77 percent) OUA hockey coaches during the 2010/2011 hockey season. The interview guide was drawn from the VDF elements and enabled the researchers to understand not‐for‐profit organizational assets, including physical, financial, employee/supplier, customer, and organizational.FindingsThis paper offers empirical insights about the assets and obstacles facing the OUA hockey league and its teams. For example, players, coaches, affiliation with universities, and the hockey product are noted assets. Obstacles for strategic growth include arenas, suppliers, media attention, financial sustainability, parity with other leagues in Canada, and leadership. The VDF proved a useful foil to suggest that something is needed that more accurately represents sport management‐specific situations.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is that it lacks generalizability. Although motivated to better understand not‐for‐profit sport in general, the authors’ model is specific to OUA men's hockey teams. However, their OUA hockey team‐specific revised VDF does provide insights into the assets available to coaches, and also acknowledges the corresponding challenges or obstacles surrounding the asset classes in the context of OUA hockey.Practical implicationsThis paper provides an approach towards making a more generalizable not‐for‐profit sport model that could help explain the success (or lack of success) of such organizations.Originality/valueThis study addresses a need to develop a framework to examine and evaluate not‐for‐profit sport‐specific organizations, such as the teams in the OUA.
Aggression post brain injury: a social cognitive perspective
Authors: do Rosario Aguiar Ryan 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to make a case to extend existing models of post brain injury aggression. The paper draws on the models of aggression from the general aggression literature and discusses how this is applicable to understanding aggression post brain injury. The paper discusses how the general aggression model applies to aggression post brain injury.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with a brief overview of existing models of aggression and the shortcomings inherent in these neurocognitive models. The paper makes a case for the use of the general aggression model as proposed by Anderson and Bushman. The paper integrates the social cognitive factors prosed by the model with known neurocognitive factors to provide an alternate view of model of aggression post brain injury.FindingsThe paper shows how social information processing models can be integrated into neurocognitive models of aggression to conceptualise aggression post brain injury.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper recommends that there is a greater need for research to focus on the social cognitive and social information processing factors that underpin aggression after brain injury.Practical implicationsThe paper argues that broadening the basis for understanding aggression post brain injury will result in the development of a broader range of interventions and arguably better outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper provides much needed elaboration of existing models of post brain injury aggression.
Inferring seed bank from hiddenMarkov models: new insights into metapopulation dynamics in plants
Authors: Fréville Hélène , Choquet Rémi , Pradel Roger , Cheptou Pierre‐Olivier 
Published: June 2013

SummaryCapturing metapopulation dynamics of plants that have seed banks is challenging, because of the difficulty in characterizing the seed bank in the field.To account for the presence of a seed bank, we developed a hidden Markov model, where the focus species can be present in two forms, both above‐ground and below‐ground, the latter being unobservable. We generated patch histories of presence–absence for a species with a one‐year seed bank under different colonization–extinction dynamics and metapopulation sizes, using a mechanistic model that accounts for three different sources of seedlings (seed bank, newly locally produced seeds and migrant seeds) as well as a disturbance process reflecting extinction. Using the programe‐surge, we analysed these simulated data to evaluate the statistical performance of the hidden Markov model in detecting the presence of a seed bank and providing accurate estimates of the model parameters for different sets of parameter values.Our simulation tests showed that the absence of a seed bank was very well detected when data sets were simulated with no seed bank, regardless the size of the metapopulation. Similarly, the presence of a seed bank was well detected when data sets were simulated with a seed bank. In this latter case, detection of the seed bank improved with increasing size of the metapopulation.The quality of the estimates of the model parameters increased with the size of the metapopulation but still remained high for small metapopulation sizes. The two parameters reflecting the colonization process and seed dormancy were those best estimated. In addition, we showed that ignoring the presence of a seed bank unvaryingly led to overestimations of colonization and extinction rates.Synthesis. Hidden Markov models offer a reliable way to estimate colonization and extinction rates for plant metapopulations with a seed bank using time series of presence–absence data. Therefore, these models have the potential to provide valuable insights into the metapopulation dynamics of many plant and animal species with an unobservable life form that have remained poorly studied because of methodological constraints.
Control of Bacillus subtilis cell shape by RodZ
Authors: Muchová Katarína , Chromiková Zuzana , Barák Imrich 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe bacterial cell wall ensures the structural integrity of the cell and is the main determinant of cell shape. In Bacillus subtilis, three cytoskeletal proteins, MreB, MreBH and Mbl, are thought to play a crucial role in maintaining the rod cell shape. These proteins are thought to be linked with the transmembrane proteins MreC, MreD and RodA, the peptidoglycan hydrolases, and the penicillin‐binding proteins that are essential for peptidoglycan elongation. Recently, a well‐conserved membrane protein RodZ was discovered in most Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. This protein seems to be an additional member of the elongation complex. Here, we examine the role of RodZ in B. subtilis cells. Our results indicate that RodZ is an essential protein and that downregulation of RodZ expression causes the formation of shorter and rounder cells. We also found a direct interaction between RodZ and the cytoskeletal and morphogenetic proteins MreB, MreBH, Mbl and MreD. Taken together, we demonstrated that RodZ is an important part of the cell shape determining network in B. subtilis.
Plan–Provider Integration, Premiums, and Quality in the Medicare Advantage Market
Authors: Frakt Austin B. , Pizer Steven D. , Feldman Roger 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate how integration between Medicare Advantage plans and health care providers is related to plan premiums and quality ratings.Data SourceWe used public data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Area Resource File and private data from one large insurer. Premiums and quality ratings are from 2009 CMS administrative files and some control variables are historical.Study DesignWe estimated ordinary least‐squares models for premiums and plan quality ratings, with state fixed effects and firm random effects. The key independent variable was an indicator of plan–provider integration.Data CollectionWith the exception of Medigap premium data, all data were publicly available. We ascertained plan–provider integration through examination of plans’ websites and governance documents.Principal FindingsWe found that integrated plan–providers charge higher premiums, controlling for quality. Such plans also have higher quality ratings. We found no evidence that integration is associated with more generous benefits.ConclusionsCurrent policy encourages plan–provider integration, although potential effects on health insurance products and markets are uncertain. Policy makers and regulators may want to closely monitor changes in premiums and quality after integration and consider whether quality improvement (if any) justifies premium increases (if they occur).
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Childhood Asthma Treatment in the United States
Authors: Sarpong Eric M. , Miller G. Edward 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo examine racial–ethnic differences in asthma controller medication use among insured U.S. children.Data SourcesLinked nationally representative data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2005–2008), the 2000 Decennial Census, and the National Health Interview Survey (2004–2007).Study DesignThe study quantifies the portion of racial–ethnic differences in children's controller use that are attributable to differences in need, enabling and predisposing characteristics.Principal FindingsNon‐Hispanic black and Hispanic children were less likely to use controllers than non‐Hispanic white children. Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition results indicated that observable characteristics explain less than 40 percent of the overall differential in controller use between non‐Hispanic whites and non‐Hispanic blacks. In contrast, observable characteristics explain more than two‐thirds (71.3 percent) of the overall non‐Hispanic white‐Hispanic differential in controller use. For non‐Hispanic blacks, a majority of the explained differential in controller use were attributed to enabling characteristics. For Hispanics, a significant portion of the explained differential in controller use was attributed to predisposing characteristics. In addition, a larger portion of the differential in controller use was explained by observable characteristics for publicly insured non‐Hispanic black and Hispanic children.ConclusionsThe large observed differences in controller use highlight the continuing challenges of ensuring that all U.S. children have access to quality asthma care.
Geographic Variation in Ambulatory Electronic Health Record Adoption: Implications for Underserved Communities
Authors: King Jennifer , Furukawa Michael F. , Buntin Melinda B. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo describe small area variation in ambulatory electronic health record (EHR) adoption and assess evidence of a “digital divide” in whether adoption is lagging in traditionally underserved communities.Data SourcesSurvey data on U.S. ambulatory health care sites (261,973 sites representing 716,160 providers) collected by SK&A Information Services in 2011.Study DesignWe examined cross‐sectional variation in two measures of local area EHR adoption: share of providers at sites using an EHR with e‐prescribing functionality; and predicted probability of EHR adoption for the average site. Local areas were defined as Public Use Microdata Areas (n = 2,068). Using multivariate regression, we examined the association between adoption and three area characteristics: high concentration of minority population; high concentration of low‐income population; and metropolitan status.Principal FindingsEHR adoption varied significantly across local areas, ranging from 8 to 88 percent with a median of 41 percent. Adoption was lower in large metropolitan areas; areas with high concentration of minority population in the Northeast and West; and areas with high concentration of low‐income population in the Midwest.ConclusionsOur 2011 estimates suggest there was substantial room for increased EHR adoption across the United States, including some underserved areas with relatively low EHR adoption rates. Further research should monitor policy initiatives in these areas and examine sources of heterogeneity in low‐ and high‐adoption communities.