bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An equivalent circuit model for a microstrip line with an asymmetric spiral‐shaped defected ground structure
Authors: Woo Duk‐Jae , Lee Taek‐Kyung , Lee Jae‐Wook 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFor a microstrip line with an asymmetric spiral‐shaped defected ground structure (DGS), an equivalent circuit model is presented. From the lumped‐element circuit model describing the asymmetric properties in circuit elements as well as in their magnetic coupling to the host line, the two rejection frequencies are derived. The equivalent circuit model provides physical insight into the dual‐frequency operation of the asymmetric spiral‐shaped DGS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1222–1224, 2014
A quasistatic analysis of a plate on consolidating layered soils by analytical layer‐element/finite element method coupling
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Cheng Yi Chong , Cao Guo Jun 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, a coupling method between finite element and analytical layer‐elements is utilized to analyze the time‐dependent behavior of a plate of any shape and finite rigidity resting on layered saturated soils. Based on the integral transform techniques together with the aid of an order reduction method, an analytical layer‐element solution is derived from the governing equations for three‐dimensional Biot consolidation with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system and then extended to be the fundamental solution for the layered saturated soil under a point load. The Mindlin plate is modeled by eight‐noded isoparametric elements. The governing equations of the interaction between soil and plate in the Laplace‐Fourier transformed domain are deduced by referring to the coupling theory of FEM/BEM, and the final solution is obtained by applying numerical inversion. Numerical examples concerned with the time‐dependent response of a plate are performed to demonstrate the influence of soil and plate properties on the interaction process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Piezo‐Scantische für höchste Präzision und Dynamik
Authors: Hamann Gernot , Reiff Ellen‐Christine 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGrößtmögliche Positioniergenauigkeit ist heute in vielen Anwendungsbereichen obligatorisch. Beispiele reichen von der Halbleiterfertigung über die Biotechnologie bis hin zur optischen Messtechnik und Mikroskopie. Piezobasierte Scantische sind aus solchen Anwendungsbereichen kaum mehr wegzudenken. Durch ihre hohe Genauigkeit und Dynamik erschließen sie oftmals neue Möglichkeiten und treiben die Technik voran.
Präzise 3D‐Messung im Vorübergehen
Authors: Holst Gerhard , Strackenbrock Bernhard 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDas MuSe‐Forschungsprojekt der Bayerischen Forschungsstiftung verfolgt zwei verschiedene Ziele, die es in Zukunft ermöglichen sollen, auf einfache Art und Weise mit Hilfe stationärer und portabler Messsysteme präzise 3D‐Modelle zu erstellen, z. B. von historischen Gebäuden. Hierzu sollen die Messdaten stationärer Laserscanner mit den Messdaten eines portablen Kamerasystems verknüpft werden. Zudem ist im Rahmen des Projekts zum ersten Mal ein solches Kamera basierendes Messsystem mit ausreichender Dynamik realisiert und erprobt worden. Die verschiedenen 3D‐Modelle, welche mit den Messdaten erzeugt werden, können verschiedene Anforderungen erfüllen, zum einen stellen sie eine wichtige Grundlage für eine Restaurierung dar, wenn Schäden entstehen, und zum anderen ermöglichen sie neue Arten der Vermittlung historischen Kulturguts über das Internet, wie z. B. virtuelle Besuche.
Rheological behaviour of some amphiphilic β‐cyclodextrin‐based azo aromatic polyurethanes in N,N‐dimethylformamide solutions
Authors: Filip Daniela , Vlad Stelian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAmphiphilic β‐cyclodextrin‐based azo aromatic poly(ether urethane)s with different soft segment lengths have been synthesized and characterized. Hydrogen bonding in these systems was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (carbonyl stretching region). A rheological study was performed on solutions of the synthesized poly(ether urethane)s in N,N‐dimethylformamide at various concentrations and temperatures by employing parallel plate geometry, and a comparative evaluation of the influence of the structural components on the viscometric responses was performed. The rheological behaviour was found to be strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the synthesized polyurethanes which promotes self‐assembly and structuring in solution. Hard segment content and polymer concentration influence pseudoplastic shear‐thinning flow behaviour. The rheology can be interpreted in terms of hydrophobic associations and chain entanglements and a hydrogen bonding network occurring in solution. The start‐up flow of the polymer solutions is determined by the lifetime of the associative polymer segments. Shear stress plateaux indicative of ‘shear banding’ behaviour explained by the structuring of the polymer solutions at increased temperatures were obtained. The studied amphiphilic polyurethane solutions are thermoresponsive systems exhibiting viscosity increase with increasing temperature contrary to the usual Arrhenius thermo‐thinning behaviour. At constant shear rate viscosity was found to increase with increasing temperature due to thermo‐association. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical study of charge separation at the rutile–anatase interface
Authors: Kullgren Jolla , Huy Huynh Anh , Aradi Bálint , Frauenheim Thomas , Deák Peter 
Published: March 2014

Abstractmagnified imageMixed phase TiO2 powders are very effective in photo‐catalysis. It is assumed that this efficiency is connected to the separation of photogenerated mobile electrons and holes between rutile and anatase, controlled by the offsets between their valence and conduction bands. The actual alignment is, however, debated. Our high level electronic structure calculations suggest that, at typical rutile/anatase interfaces, the band edges of rutile lie higher in energy than those of anatase. This conclusion is reached by taking into account the generic alignment of the bulk band structures and the specific structure of the interface. The latter has been obtained by simulated annealing, using approximate quantum mechanical molecular dynamics on models of the rutile(100)/anatase(100) and of the rutile(110)/anatase(101) interface. Our results are corroborated by photoelectron spectroscopy of actual rutile/anatase interfaces in the literature. The predicted band offsets would lead to accumulation of mobile electrons in anatase and mobile holes in rutile, with the process being also supported by electron self‐trapping in rutile and hole self‐trapping in anatase. We show, however, that interface defects, like the oxygen vacancy, may provide a recombination channel. Such effects may explain the variation in the suggested direction of charge transfer in many experiments.magnified imageThe rutile(100)/anatase(100) interface. Titanium atoms are drawn with gray and oxygen with red circles. The black arrows show the preferred direction in the charge transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Green tea (Camellia sinensis) alleviates arsenic‐induced damages to DNA and intestinal tissues in rat and in situ intestinal loop by reinforcing antioxidant system
Authors: Acharyya Nirmallya , Sajed Ali Sk. , Deb Bimal , Chattopadhyay Sandip , Maiti Smarajit 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study elucidates the protective role of Green tea (Camellia sinensis or CS) against arsenic‐induced mutagenic DNA‐breakage/intestinal (small) damages in female rats. Intestinal epithelial cells receive ingested arsenic initially. Though, the possibility of damages in this tissue is immense and the therapeutic strategies against this damage are of great concern, reports on either issue are scanty. Our earlier study on arsenic‐exposed human unveils a link between carcinogenesis and mutagenic DNA damage. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation of CS‐extract (10 mg/mL water) with NaAsO2 (0.6 ppm)/100 g b.w. for 28 days to rats offered a significant protection against arsenic‐induced oxidative damages to DNA and intestinal (small) tissues by buttressing antioxidant systems. Necrotic and apoptotic damages and their CS‐protection are shown in DNA‐fragmentation, comet‐assay, and histoarchitecture (hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid‐schiff staining) results. Only arsenic exposure significantly decreased intestinal superoxide dismutase, catalase activities, and level of soluble thiol with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde/conjugated dienes. Alteration of serum necrotic marker lactate dehydrogenase and the metabolic inflammatory marker c‐reactive protein also indicate the impairment may be occurring at transcription and/or cellular signal transduction level. In addition, in situ incubation in rat intestinal loop filled for 24 h with NaAsO2 alone (250 µM) or with aqueous CS‐extract (250 mg/mL) suggests that small intestinal epithelial cells are significantly protected by CS against arsenic‐associated necrotic/mutagenic damages, which is observed in DNA‐breakage studies. In conclusion, besides intensifying endogenous antioxidant system, CS polyphenols also offer a direct role on free radical scavenging activity that is associated to the protection from mutagenic DNA‐breakages and prevention of tissue necrosis/carcinogenesis generated by arsenic. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1033–1044, 2015.
Grassland birds and dairy farms in the northeastern United States
Authors: Perlut Noah G. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough grassland birds are declining throughout their North American range, and these declines are associated with agricultural land conversion or intensification, no broad‐scale market‐based conservation plan has been enacted. This gap is especially apparent in the northeastern United States, where remnant grassland habitat is predominantly on privately owned agricultural lands. However, in this region, dairy cow‐based agriculture has also declined significantly. I explored the relationship between grassland‐bird declines and dairy cow‐based agriculture from 1966 to 2007. The declining number of dairy farms and increasing human population best explained variation in population trends for 4 of 6 grassland‐bird species. Bird population trends were not explained by the total amount of corn acres, number of pasture–grazing farms, or the average farm size. I suggest a long‐term conservation method using “buy local” campaigns where the local community supports a spatially linked network of cow‐based farms, in part because these farms support grassland birds. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Scaling arguments for the fluxes in turbulent miscible fountains
Authors: Burridge H. C. , Hunt G. R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFor established axisymmetric turbulent miscible Boussinesq fountains in quiescent uniform environments, expressions are developed for the fluxes of volume, momentum and buoyancy at the outflow from the fountain: the outflow referring to the counterflow at the horizontal plane of the source. The fluxes are expressed in terms of the fountain source conditions and two dimensionless functions of the source Froude number, ${\rm Fr}_{0}$: a radial function (relating a horizontal scale of the outflow to the source radius) and a volume flux function (relating the outflow and source volume fluxes). The forms taken by these two functions at low ${\rm Fr}_{0}$ and high ${\rm Fr}_{0}$ are deduced, thereby providing the outflow fluxes and outflow Froude number solely in terms of the source conditions. For high ${\rm Fr}_{0}$, the outflow Froude number, ${\rm Fr}_{out}$, is shown to be invariant, indicating (by analogy with plumes for which the ‘far-field’ Froude number is invariant with source Froude number) that the outflow may be regarded as ‘far-field’ since the fluxes within the fountain have adjusted to attain a balance which is independent of the source conditions. Based on ${\rm Fr}_{out}$, the fluxes in the plume that forms beyond the fountain outflow are deduced. Finally, from the results of previously published studies, we show that the scalings deduced for fountains are valid for $0.0025 \lesssim {\rm Fr}_{0} \lesssim 1.0 $ for low ${\rm Fr}_{0}$ and $ {\rm Fr}_{0} \gtrsim 3.0 $ for high ${\rm Fr}_{0}$.
Later Wittgenstein's Anti-Philosophical Therapy
Authors: Jacquette Dale 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe object of this essay is to discuss Ludwig Wittgenstein's remarks inPhilosophical Investigationsand elsewhere in the posthumously published writings concerning the role of therapy in relation to philosophy. Wittgenstein's reflections seem to suggest that there is a kind of philosophy or mode of investigation targeting the philosophical grammar of language uses that gratuitously give rise to philosophical problems, and produce in many thinkers philosophical anxieties for which the proper therapy is intended to offer relief. Two possible objectives of later Wittgensteinian therapy are proposed, for subjectivepsychologicalversus objectivesemanticsymptoms of ailments that a therapy might address for the sake of relieving philosophical anxieties. The psychological in its most plausible form is rejected, leaving only the semantic. Semantic therapy in the sense defined and developed is more general and long-lasting, and more in the spirit of Wittgenstein's project on a variety of levels. A semantic approach treats language rather than the thinking, language-using subject as the patient needing therapy, and directs its attention to the treatment of problems in language and the conceptual framework a language game use expresses in its philosophical grammar, rather than to soothing unhappy or socially ill-adjusted individual psychologies.
Crystallographic structure of LiFe1−xMnxPO4 solid solutions studied by neutron powder diffraction
Authors: Li X.Y. , Zhang B. , Zhang Z.G. , He L.H. , Li H. , Huang X.J. , Wang F.W. 
Published: March 2014

High-resolution neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data were recorded on a series of cathode material LiFe1−xMnxPO4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0) solid solutions using the HRPD machine at SINQ/PSI, Switzerland. Ab initio crystal structure solution via program FOX indicates demonstrably that the space group of LiFePO4 is Pnma with Li1+ occupying octahedral (4a) sites and Fe2+ octahedral (4c) sites, respectively, in the olivine structure. Rietveld refinement (program FullProf suite version July-2011), complementary with X-ray diffraction data, shows that Fe2+ may partially (about 2%) distribute over Li1+ sites. NPD data for LiFe1−xMnxPO4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0) reveal that the Mn2+ replaces Fe2+ at the octahedral (4c) sites. The cell parameters a, b, and c increase linearly and the interatomic distances (in Å) of Li–O(2) and Li–O(1) increase, while the interatomic distances (in Å) of Li–O(3) decrease on the addition of Mn, respectively, partially explaining a higher potential plateau of ~4.1 eV in LiMnPO4 compared to ~3.5 eV in LiFePO4.
The distribution and conservation of Gurney’s Pitta Pitta gurneyi in Myanmar
Authors: DONALD PAUL F. , HLA HTIN , WIN LAY , AUNG THIRI DAWEI , MOSES SAW , ZAW SAO MYO , AG TIN TUN , OO KYAW NAING , EAMES JONATHAN C. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryFollowing a recent assessment of the distribution and habitat use of Gurney’s Pitta in Myanmar (Burma), further extensive surveys were undertaken in 2010, 2011 and 2012. These have extended the species’ known altitudinal limit to between 250 m and 300 m asl and its latitudinal limit to above 12.5°N, around 80 km north of the northernmost historical record, although the species was recorded far less frequently at higher altitudes and latitudes. Birds were recorded in a range of forested habitats, from intact primary forest to secondary and bamboo forest, with no significant difference between major forest types in the likelihood of occurrence. Niche envelope modelling (MaxEnt) suggested a total range size in Myanmar of 3,379 km2, and did not identify any potentially suitable areas in adjacent parts of Thailand. The species’ preference for warmer, wetter areas on flat ground, conditions ideal for growing oil palm and rubber, suggest that its distribution is likely to contract in the near future. The entire range of Gurney’s Pitta in Myanmar falls within the part of the country most suitable for commercial oil palm production, although the projected yields within its range are low to moderate. Field surveys found evidence of rapid recent deforestation and high levels of hunting and trapping in many parts of the region. The species’ range in Myanmar does not overlap with any protected areas. The protection of southern Myanmar’s biodiversity will require substantial investment by foreign conservation interests, sympathetic land-use planning and the strengthening of environment legislation. Protection of extensive tracts of lowland forest within the range of Gurney’s Pitta, particularly the proposed Lenya National Park and the adjacent Ngawun and Htaung Pru Reserve Forests, is urgently needed. Conserving these areas will also protect populations of other globally threatened bird and mammal species.
H1foo is essential forin vitromeiotic maturation of bovine oocytes
Authors: Yun Yan , An Peng , Ning Jing , Zhao Gui-Ming , Yang Wen-Lin , Lei An-Min 
Published: March 2014

SummaryOocyte-specific linker histone, H1foo, is localized on the oocyte chromosomes during the process of meiotic maturation, and is essential for mouse oocyte maturation. Bovine H1foo has been identified, and its expression profile throughout oocyte maturation and early embryo development has been established. However, it has not been confirmed if H1foo is indispensable during bovine oocyte maturation. Effective siRNAs against H1foo were screened in HeLa cells, and then siRNA was microinjected into bovine oocytes to down-regulate H1foo expression. H1foo overexpression was achieved via mRNA injection. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results indicated that H1foo was up-regulated by 200% and down-regulated by 70%. Based on the first polar body extrusion (PB1E) rate, H1foo overexpression apparently promoted meiotic progression. The knockdown of H1foo significantly impaired bovine oocyte maturation compared with H1foo overexpression and control groups (H1foo overexpression = 88.7%, H1foo siRNA = 41.2%, control = 71.2%;P< 0.05). This decrease can be rescued by co-injection of a modified H1foo mRNA that has escaped from the siRNA target. However, the H1e (somatic linker histone) overexpression had no effect on PB1E rate when compared with the control group. Therefore we concluded that H1foo is essential for bovine oocyte maturation and its overexpression stimulates the process.
Comparative analysis of radial and axial power output in relativistic magnetron and effect of dielectric side-walls introduced in the resonator on dominant operating mode
Authors: Saxena Ayush , Barakade Raju , Singh Navdeep M. , Patel Ankur 
Published: March 2014

A comparative analysis of radiated power in relativistic magnetron is done using particle-in-cell simulations performed on Magic3d code developed by ATK Mission Systems. The Resonator with dielectric side-walls (DSW) is compared with no-side wall (NSW) configuration having same input parameters and resonator dimensions. Observations and comments have been made on the output power, obtained both axially and radially, taking into consideration π as well as 2π modes of operation for both configurations. The DSW assist in π-mode operation at 3.3 GHz and delivers radial peak power output of ~2.5 GW, which is more than ~1.5 GW, the radial peak power for the NSW case. The NSW case operates in dominant 2π mode (radially) at 5.68 GHz with axial power radiated at dominant π-mode frequency. The electron kinetic energies and their distribution in the cavity are discussed together with the dynamic behavior of particles, which result in spokes formation.
The serine protease prostasin regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity by modulating TLR4 signalling
Authors: Uchimura Kohei , Hayata Manabu , Mizumoto Teruhiko , Miyasato Yoshikazu , Kakizoe Yutaka , Morinaga Jun , Onoue Tomoaki , Yamazoe Rika , Ueda Miki , Adachi Masataka , Miyoshi Taku , Shiraishi Naoki , Ogawa Wataru , Fukuda Kazuki , Kondo Tatsuya , Matsumura Takeshi , Araki Eiichi , Tomita Kimio , Kitamura Kenichiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and postprandial endotoxemia on the development of type 2 diabetes are not fully understood. Here we show that the serine protease prostasin (PRSS8) regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity by modulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signalling. HFD triggers the suppression of PRSS8 expression by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and increases the TLR4 level in the liver. PRSS8 releases the ectodomain of TLR4 by cleaving it, which results in a reduction in the full-length form and reduces the activation of TLR4. Liver-specific PRSS8 knockout (LKO) mice develop insulin resistance associated with the increase in hepatic TLR4. Restoration of PRSS8 expression in livers of HFD, LKO and db/db mice decreases the TLR4 level and ameliorates insulin resistance. These results identify a novel physiological role for PRSS8 in the liver and provide new insight into the development of diabetes resulting from HFD or metabolic endotoxemia.
How stereotypes impair women’s careers in science
Authors: Reuben Ernesto , Sapienza Paola , Zingales Luigi 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Does discrimination contribute to the low percentage of women in mathematics and science careers? We designed an experiment to isolate discrimination’s potential effect. Without provision of information about candidates other than their appearance, men are twice more likely to be hired for a mathematical task than women. If ability is self-reported, women still are discriminated against, because employers do not fully account for men’s tendency to boast about performance. Providing full information about candidates’ past performance reduces discrimination but does not eliminate it. We show that implicit stereotypes (as measured by the Implicit Association Test) predict not only the initial bias in beliefs but also the suboptimal updating of gender-related expectations when performance-related information comes from the subjects themselves.
Charge separation and charge delocalization identified in long-living states of photoexcited DNA
Authors: Bucher Dominik B. , Pilles Bert M. , Carell Thomas , Zinth Wolfgang 
Published: March 2014

Significance
The high photostability of single nucleobases is related to the rapid disposal of the UV excitation energy from high-lying electronic states into heat, preventing damaging reactions. However, in the biological important DNA strands, further long-living excited states are found. With femtosecond vibrational spectroscopy, these excited states in DNA are now identified as charge-separated states, which are delocalized along the strand. The charge separation is directed by the redox potential of the involved bases and is thus encoded in the DNA sequence. The presence of delocalized charged species in DNA strands for a considerably long time after UV light absorption may lead to reactions—oxidative or reductive damage—currently not considered in DNA photochemistry.