bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income gradients in oral health according to child age
Authors: Bernabé Eduardo , Sabbah Wael , Delgado‐Angulo Elsa K. , Murasko Jason E. , Gansky Stuart A. 
Published: June 2015

This study aimed to confirm whether the well‐known income disparities in oral health seen over the life course are indeed absent in 9‐ to 11‐yr‐old children, and to explore the role of access to dental care in explaining the age‐profile of the income gradient in child oral health. We used data from the 2007 United States National Survey of Children's Health. Income gradients in parental reports of children's decayed teeth or cavities, toothache, broken teeth, bleeding gums, and fair/poor condition of teeth were assessed in stratified analyses according to age of child (1–5, 6–8, 9–11, 12–14, and 15–17 yr), using survey logistic regression to control for family‐, parental‐, and child‐level covariates. Health insurance status and use of preventive dental care were the indicators for children's access to dental care. The adjusted ORs for the effect of family income on having decayed teeth or cavities, toothache, and fair/poor condition of teeth were not significant in 9‐ to 11‐yr‐old children. Different age‐patterns were found for broken teeth and bleeding gums. The attenuation of the income gradients in having decayed teeth or cavities, toothache, and fair/poor condition of teeth, previously seen in 9‐ to 11‐yr‐old children, was also seen in 15‐ to 17‐, 12‐ to 14‐, and 6‐ to 8‐yr‐old children, respectively, after controlling for children's access to dental care. This study supports the attenuation of income inequalities in oral health in 9‐ to 11‐yr‐old children. Access to dental care could attenuate income gradients in oral health in other age groups.
Effect of sedation on fore‐ and hindlimb lameness evaluation using body‐mounted inertial sensors
Authors: Rettig M. J. , Leelamankong P. , Rungsri P. , Lischer C. J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyDiagnostic analgesia is an integral part of equine lameness examinations, but is challenging to perform in uncooperative horses. Using sedation to facilitate this might, because of analgesic and ataxia‐inducing effects, interfere with lameness evaluation.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether sedation with low‐dose xylazine would alter lameness amplitude as measured by body‐mounted inertial sensors.Study designControlled experiment.MethodsForty‐four horses were randomly split into 2 groups. Lameness was measured using body‐mounted inertial sensors before and after injection of xylazine (0.3 mg/kg bwt) or saline. Sedation was measured at 5, 20 and 60 min following treatment, and lameness evaluations were performed before (Time 0) and at 20 and 60 min after treatment. Forelimb lameness was determined by measuring the vector sum of mean head height maximum and minimum differences between all right and left forelimb strides (n>25) collected with the horse trotting in a straight line. Hindlimb lameness amplitude was determined by measuring mean pelvic height maximum and minimum differences between right and left hindlimb strides. Numbers of horses staying the same, improving or worsening were compared between groups at each time interval.ResultsThere were no significant differences in head or pelvic movement asymmetry between xylazine and saline treatment groups. However, a few horses with forelimb lameness in the xylazine treatment group showed a large decrease in head movement asymmetry (decrease in forelimb lameness) at 60 min following sedation.ConclusionsLow‐dose sedation with xylazine may be used without the concern of potential lameness‐masking effects for hindlimb lameness evaluation, but caution should be used in some horses with forelimb lameness of mild severity.
The Summary is available in German – see Supporting information.
Wide variation in nitrification activity in soil associated with different forage plant cultivars and genotypes
Authors: Bowatte S. , Newton P. C. D. , Hoogendoorn C. J. , Hume D. E. , Stewart A. V. , Brock S. C. , Theobald P. W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThere is a growing interest in using plants to manipulate the nitrification rate in soils with the object of reducing losses of nitrogen from the soil–plant system – lower rates of nitrification being associated with reduced leaching of nitrate and reduced emissions of nitrous oxide. Here we screened the potential nitrification rate in soil associated with 126 cultivars from 26 species representing three functional groups used in temperate managed grassland. Plants were grown in pots, and the nitrification was measured using two approaches: (i) a measure of potential nitrification carried out in the laboratory on soil samples and (ii) a measure of nitrification in the presence of the growing plants using the ratio of nitrate to ammonium () measured on in situ ion exchange membranes after the application of urine. There was about a twofold difference among cultivars in nitrification measured using the potential assay and a 10‐fold difference using the ratio approach. The ranking of nitrification was different using the two approaches perhaps suggesting that the presence of plants in the ratio approach had an effect on the outcome although further work will be necessary to confirm this. Irrespective of the method used, the results demonstrate substantial differences between cultivars but also within cultivars offering the possibility of selection to enhance plant effects on nitrification.
Grazing preference of Merino sheep for naturalized annual clover species relative to commonly sown clover species
Authors: Maxwell T. M. R. , Moir J. L. , Edwards G. R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSelective grazing of white clover (Trifolium repens) over grass species in temperate pastures results in reduced clover abundance and availability over time. Within sheep‐ and cattle‐grazed dryland (<800 mm annual rainfall) hill and high country areas of New Zealand, naturalized unsown annual clover species show greater persistence and abundance over sown clovers. With a view to understanding legume abundance in these areas, Merino sheep grazing preference was investigated for pure swards of naturalized species Trifolium dubium, T. glomeratum, T. arvense and T. striatum and commonly sown species T. repens and T. subterraneum. The Chesson–Manly preference index was used to explore the hypothesis that grazing preference differs between these species and changes as plants mature. Herbage offtake was quantified at vegetative (mid–late spring; November) and reproductive (early summer; December) stages of plant maturity. Significant preference distinctions between species (P < 0·05) occurred in December, with relative preference ranging from 0·248 for T. repens to 0·065 for T. dubium. Reduced relative preference for naturalized species was related to decreasing nutritive value from spring to summer, reflecting increased stem and flower sward content. Relative preference was negatively related to increasing acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre and positively related to greater crude protein and dry‐matter digestibility. Naturalized annual clover species of lower grazing preference at reproductive maturity will benefit pasture sustainability via herbage and seed production and associated nitrogen‐fixation inputs.
Life‐threatening spontaneous kidney rupture in a rare case with systemic lupus erythematosus: Prompt diagnosis with computed tomography
Authors: Ufuk Furkan , Herek Duygu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNontraumatic, spontaneous parenchymal kidney rupture is a rare clinical entity that may cause extensive hemorrhage, hypovolemic shock, and death. Spontaneous nontraumatic kidney rupture is extremely rare in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Because of the high morbidity and mortality rates, an immediate establishment of the diagnosis and treatment are necessary. We present the case of a 30‐year‐old female with spontaneous parenchymal rupture of the right kidney who had renal failure due to SLE and presented with atraumatic sudden right flank pain during hemodialysis treatment. To our knowledge, this case is the second report of SLE manifesting as spontaneous kidney rupture in the literature.
Mixing Decks: Frameworks for Master's Scholarship
Authors: Bamber Veronica 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPostgraduate taught education in universities is under‐researched compared to research on undergraduate learning and teaching. This results in two missed opportunities: making evidence‐informed improvements to postgraduate taught education and integrating such improvements into thinking and practice. A commitment to evidence‐informed improvement cycles at personal and local levels can generate knowledge, which can also inform practice in other settings. However, researchers who are new to learning and teaching research may not feel fully equipped, on the basis of their disciplinary knowledge, to undertake such inquiry. This paper considers and offers a case study of the use of frameworks that can support these practitioners in investigating students' understandings of what is expected in postgraduate study. With a flexible set of tools or frameworks on the mixing decks of postgraduate taught inquiry, such researchers are potentially better equipped to gain a good understanding of their students' learning.
Close‐Up Examination of Discourses Associated with Global University Rankings: Counter‐Narratives in UK Policy Context
Authors: O' Connell Catherine 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn little over a decade since their introduction, global rankings are perceived as having significant and problematic effects. The dominant ‘normative’ research orientation applied to the research domain of rankings is identified as a contributory factor to the sustained interest in rankings. The paper argues for a ‘close‐up’ research orientation at this juncture to open up the debate and draw attention to alternative narratives of excellence in higher education through a discourse‐analytic approach. The paper draws on an analysis of the use of global rankings by higher education sector ‘mission groups’ to influence national policy in the United Kingdom, with particular focus on lobbying texts produced by these groups in the period surrounding the United Kingdom general election. The analysis demonstrates the strategic struggle for positioning in relation to higher education policy and reflects the different narratives of self‐identification of the mission groups. The study draws attention to ways global university rankings mediate discourse and activity and illuminates alternative discourses that respond to rankings.
DICER1 and FOXL2 mutations in ovarian sex cord–stromal tumours: a GINECO Group study
Authors: Goulvent Thibault , Ray‐Coquard Isabelle , Borel Stéphane , Haddad Véronique , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Vacher‐Lavenu Marie‐Cecile , Pujade‐Laurraine Eric , Savina Ariel , Maillet Denis , Gillet Germain , Treilleux Isabelle , Rimokh Ruth 
Published: June 2015

AimsFOXL2 mutation has been consistently identified in adult granulosa cell tumours (A‐GCTs). DICER1 mutations have been described predominantly in Sertoli–Leydig cell tumours (SLCTs). The prognostic implication of these mutations remains uncertain, as moderately sized studies have yielded variable outcomes. Our aim was to determine the implications of DICER1 and FOXL2 mutations in 156 ovarian sex cord–stromal tumours (SCSTs).Methods and resultsFOXL2 mutations were found in 94% of pathologically confirmed A‐GCTs (95/101), in one of eight juvenile granulosa cell tumours (J‐GCTs), and in two of 19 SLCTs. DICER1 mutations in the RNase IIIb domain were found in six of 19 SLCTs, two of eight J‐GCTs, and one of 12 undifferentiated SCSTs (Und‐SCSTs). Comparison of DICER1‐mutated SLCTs with DICER1‐non‐mutated SLCTs showed that patient age at diagnosis was lower and oestrogen receptor expression was more frequent in DICER1‐mutated tumours. With a median follow‐up of 22 months, two of five DICER1‐mutated SLCTs relapsed, in contrast to none of eight DICER1‐non‐mutated tumours.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, in contrast to FOXL2 mutations in A‐GCT, DICER1 mutations in SLCT might be more useful for prognosis than for diagnosis. However, study of a larger cohort of patients is necessary to establish this. Identification of genetic alterations in SCST offers promising therapeutic options.
Cystic well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of six cases
Authors: Weissferdt Annikka , Kalhor Neda , Moran Cesar A 
Published: June 2015

AimsTo present six cases of cystic well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus.Methods and resultsThe patients were six men aged between 48 and 75 years (average: 61.5 years) who were symptomatic with chest pain, shortness of breath, and dyspnoea. Diagnostic imaging showed anterior mediastinal masses, and surgical resection was accomplished in all cases. Grossly, the tumours measured 40–90 mm in greatest diameter (average: 65 mm), and were described as ill‐defined lesions with a prominent cystic component and focal areas of haemorrhage and necrosis. Histologically, they were characterized predominantly by their cystic architecture. The cyst walls were lined by squamous epithelium showing different degrees of cellular atypia. In focal, more solid areas, the tumours showed evidence of keratinization. By immunohistochemistry, tumour cells were positive for cytokeratin 5/6, p40, and Pax8. All tumours were staged as T1N0M0 according to the Weissferdt–Moran staging system. Clinical follow‐up showed that four patients have remained alive and well after a period ranging from 1 to 2 years. Two patients were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsThe current cases highlight an uncommon growth pattern of well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus that may cause diagnostic difficulty with mediastinoscopic biopsies.
The effect of different mouth rinse products on intra‐oral halitosis
Authors: Erovic Ademovski S , Lingström P , Renvert S 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of different mouth rinses 12 h after rinsing on genuine intra‐oral halitosis.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four adults with halitosis were included in a double‐blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial. Halitosis was evaluated 12 h after rinsing with placebo and five mouth rinse products containing zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate; zinc lactate, chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride; zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate with reduced amounts of mint and menthol; zinc chloride and essential oil; and chlorine dioxide using the organoleptic method and a gas chromatograph. Test periods were separated by 1 week.ResultsHydrogen sulphide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (MM) and the organoleptic scores (OLS) were significantly reduced 12 h following rinsing with all substances compared to placebo (P < 0.05). H2S was more effectively reduced after rinsing with zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate and zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate with reduced amounts of mint and menthol compared to rinsing with zinc chloride and essential oil (P < 0.05), and significantly lower values of MM were obtained after rinsing with zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate compared to zinc lactate, chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride (P < 0.05). The percentage effectively treated individuals (H2S (<112 ppb), MM (<26 ppb) and OLS score <2) varied from 58% percentage (zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate) to 26% (zinc chloride and essential oil).ConclusionAll treatments resulted in reduction in halitosis 12 h after rinsing compared to placebo. H2S and MM were most effectively reduced by zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Functionally Graded SiO2/Mo Laminated Layer Material
Authors: Honma Takuya , Tatami Junichi 
Published: June 2015

A functionally graded sintered body consisting of laminated SiO2/Mo layers was fabricated using spark plasma sintering. A high sintered‐body density was achieved using fine powders of SiO2 (4.0 μm) and Mo (1.3 μm), which ensured no cracks were formed between layers. The highest joining stress (1.2 MPa) was found to occur at the interface between SiO2 layers with 0 and 8 vol% Mo, with the electrical resistance decreasing rapidly when the Mo content was increased to 13 and 22 vol%. This is attributed to the use of spark plasma sintering, suggesting further work is needed to fully optimize this process.
Solidarity as Joint Action
Authors: Sangiovanni Andrea 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe demand for social justice, especially in the context of the welfare state, is often framed as a demand of solidarity. But it is not clear why: in what sense, if any, is social justice best understood as a demand of solidarity? This article explores that question. There are two reasons to do so. First, very little has been written on the concept of solidarity, and almost nothing on why and how solidarity can both give rise to and be the target of a moral obligation. The first aim of the article is to fill this gap. The second aim of the article is to explore the normative implications of this account of solidarity for the commitment to social justice at the heart of the welfare state, and in so doing, to put into question the idea that shared experience or shared identity are either necessary or sufficient bases for social justice qua solidarity.
When do women respond against discrimination? Exploring factors of subtlety, form, and focus
Authors: Lindsey Alex , King Eden , Cheung HoKwan , Hebl Michelle , Lynch Shakeema , Mancini Victor 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe examined the personal‐group discrimination discrepancy (PGDD), the tendency for women to recognize that others encounter sexism while simultaneously minimizing their own personal experiences with sexism, and the degree to which it (a) applies to all manifestations of discrimination, and (b) extends beyond perceptions of discrimination to taking action against it. Our findings replicated the PGDD when it comes to perceptions of discrimination, but this effect was reversed for behavioral action such that women were more likely to take action against discrimination when it was directed at them personally. We also disentangled the factors of subtlety (subtle vs. overt) and form (formal vs. interpersonal) by showing that women can reliably distinguish between these factors when determining their reactions to discrimination.
Closing the communal gap: The importance of communal affordances in science career motivation
Authors: Brown Elizabeth R. , Thoman Dustin B. , Smith Jessi L. , Diekman Amanda B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo remain competitive in the global economy, the United States (and other countries) is trying to broaden participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) by graduating an additional 1 million people in STEM fields by 2018. Although communion (working with, helping, and caring for others) is a basic human need, STEM careers are often (mis)perceived as being uncommunal. Across three naturalistic studies, we found greater support for the communal affordance hypothesis, that perceiving STEM careers as affording greater communion is associated with greater STEM career interest, than two alternative hypotheses derived from goal congruity theory. Importantly, these findings held regardless of major (Study 1), college enrollment (Study 2), and gender (Studies 1–3). For undergraduate research assistants, mid‐semester beliefs that STEM affords communion predicted end of the semester STEM motivation (Study 3). Our data highlight the importance of educational and workplace motivational interventions targeting communal affordances beliefs about STEM.
Sustained Blood Pressure Control Following Discontinuation of a Pharmacist Intervention for Veterans
Authors: Carter Barry L. , Vander Weg Mark W. , Parker Christopher P. , Goedken Cassie C. , Richardson Kelly K. , Rosenthal Gary E. 
Published: June 2015

Clinical pharmacists are utilized in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities to assist with management of patients with chronic conditions including hypertension. The goal of this study was to examine blood pressure (BP) control after discontinuation of an intensive pharmacist‐managed intervention. The study was conducted at a single Midwest VHA medical center and two affiliated community‐based outpatient clinics. Patients with uncontrolled BP received an intensive pharmacist intervention for the first 6 months. Patients were then stratified based on whether their BP was controlled or not and were randomized to either continue the intervention for another 24 months (30 month total time period) or the intervention was discontinued following one‐time receipt of educational materials. Mean systolic and diastolic BPs were reduced (P<.001) in diabetic patients (8.0±14.4 mm Hg and 4.0±9.1 mm Hg, respectively) and in nondiabetic patients (14.0±16.4 mm Hg and 5.0±10.0 mm Hg, respectively) following the 6‐month intervention, with 54% of the total sample achieving BP control. BP control and the reduction in mean BP was maintained to a similar degree in both study groups at 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. There were no significant differences in BP at any of the follow‐up periods in patients who did and did not receive the continued pharmacist intervention. This study found that BP control was maintained for at least 24 months following discontinuation of an intensive pharmacist intervention. These findings were seen in both the group that had a continued pharmacist intervention and in the group that had a one‐time educational session when the intervention was discontinued. This study suggests that once BP control is achieved following a pharmacist intervention, patients can be referred back to their primary care provider for continued follow‐up.
Reconstruction of the Alveolar Buccal Bone Plate in Compromised Fresh Socket after Immediate Implant Placement Followed by Immediate Provisionalization
Authors: de Molon Rafael Scaf , de Avila Erica Dorigatti , de Barros‐Filho Luiz Antonio Borelli , Ricci Weber Adad , Tetradis Sotirios , Cirelli Joni Augusto , Borelli de Barros Luiz Antonio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this clinical report was to reestablish the buccal bone wall after immediate implant placement. The socket defect was corrected with autogenous bone, and a connective tissue graft was removed from the maxillary tuberosity to increase the thickness, height, and width of the buccal bone and gingival tissue followed by immediate provisionalization of the crown during the same operation.Clinical ConsiderationsA 66‐year‐old patient presented with a hopeless maxillary left central incisor with loss of the buccal bone wall. Atraumatic, flapless extraction was performed, and an immediate implant was placed in the extraction socket followed by preparation of an immediate provisional restoration. Subsequently, immediate reconstruction of the buccal bone plate was performed, using the tuberosity as the donor site, to obtain block bone and connective tissue grafts, as well as particulate bone. Finally, immediate provisionalization of the crown followed by simple sutures was performed. Cone‐beam computed tomography and periapical radiographs were taken before and after surgery. After 4 months, the final prosthetic crown was made. After a 2‐year follow‐up, a satisfactory aesthetic result was achieved with lower treatment time and morbidity.ConclusionThis case demonstrates the effective use of immediate reconstruction of the buccal bone wall for the treatment of a hopeless tooth in the maxillary aesthetic area. This procedure efficiently promoted harmonious gingival and bone architecture, recovered lost anatomical structures with sufficient width and thickness, and maintained the stability of the alveolar bone crest in a single procedure.Clinical SignificanceIf appropriate clinical conditions exist, immediate dentoalveolar restoration may be the most conservative means of reconstructing the buccal bone wall after immediate implant placement followed by immediate provisionalization with predictable healing and lower treatment time.