bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of asthma medication and familial factors on the association between childhood asthma and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a combined twin‐ and register‐based study
Authors: Holmberg K. , Lundholm C. , Anckarsäter H. , Larsson H. , Almqvist C. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundAsthma and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prevalent in childhood and may cause functional impairment and stress in families. Previous research supports an association between asthma and ADHD in children, but several aspects of this relationship are unclear.ObjectiveOur aim was to study whether the association between asthma and ADHD is restricted to either the inattentive or the hyperactive/impulsive symptoms of ADHD, to explore the impact of asthma severity and asthma medication and the contribution of shared genetic and environmental risk factors on the asthma–ADHD relationship.MethodsData on asthma, ADHD, zygosity and possible confounders were collected from parental questionnaires at 9 or 12 years on 20 072 twins through the Swedish Twin Register, linked to the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the National Patient Register and the Prescribed Drug Register. The association between asthma and ADHD, the impact of asthma severity and medication, was assessed by generalized estimating equations. Cross‐twin–cross‐trait correlations (CTCT) were estimated to explore the relative importance of genes and environment for the association.ResultsAsthmatic children had a higher risk of also having ADHD [odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–2.02]. The association was not restricted to either of the two dimensions of ADHD. The magnitude of the association increased with asthma severity (OR 2.84, 95% CI: 1.86–4.35) for ≥ 4 asthma attacks in the last 12 months and was not affected by asthma treatment. The CTCTs possibly indicate that the genetic component in overlap of the disorders is weak.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceChildhood asthma, especially severe asthma, is associated with ADHD. Asthma medication seems not to increase the risk of ADHD. Clinicians should be aware of the potential of ADHD in asthma. Optimal asthma care needs to be integrated with effective evaluation and treatment of ADHD in children with co‐existing disorders.
Use of sibling relationship reconstruction to complement traditional monitoring in fisheries management and conservation of brown trout
Authors: Ozerov Mikhail , Jürgenstein Tauno , Aykanat Tutku , Vasemägi Anti 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDeclining trends in the abundance of many fish urgently call for more efficient and informative monitoring methods that would provide necessary demographic data for the evaluation of existing conservation, restoration, and management actions. We investigated how genetic sibship reconstruction from young‐of‐the‐year brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) juveniles provides valuable, complementary demographic information that allowed us to disentangle the effects of habitat quality and number of breeders on juvenile density. We studied restored (n = 15) and control (n = 15) spawning and nursery habitats in 16 brown trout rivers and streams over 2 consecutive years to evaluate the effectiveness of habitat restoration activities. Similar juvenile densities both in restored and control spawning and nursery grounds were observed. Similarly, no differences in the effective number of breeders, Nb(SA), were detected between habitats, indicating that brown trout readily used recently restored spawning grounds. Only a weak relationship between the Nb(SA) and juvenile density was observed, suggesting that multiple factors affect juvenile abundance. In some areas, very low estimates of Nb(SA) were found at sites with high juvenile density, indicating that a small number of breeders can produce a high number of progeny in favorable conditions. In other sites, high Nb(SA) estimates were associated with low juvenile density, suggesting low habitat quality or lack of suitable spawning substrate in relation to available breeders. Based on these results, we recommend the incorporation of genetic sibship reconstruction to ongoing and future fish evaluation and monitoring programs to gain novel insights into local demographic and evolutionary processes relevant for fisheries management, habitat restoration, and conservation.
Dravet syndrome in Sweden: a population‐based study
Authors: Rosander Cecilia , Hallböök Tove 
Published: March 2015

AimTo assess the prevalence and incidence of Dravet syndrome in children diagnosed in Sweden between 2007 and 2011, and to describe neurological comorbidity, disease course, phenotypes, and treatment effects.MethodAll neuropaediatricians at university and county hospitals were asked to supply information for patients that matched the electro‐clinical profile of Dravet syndrome. Genetic laboratories and referral clinicians were also contacted and requested to supply information.ResultsThe estimated incidence was one in 33 000 live births (95% CI 1:20 400–1:56 200) and prevalence on December 31, 2011 was one in 45 700 children aged less than 18 years of age (95% CI 1:33 800–1:63 400). The median age of the 42 children (18 males, 24 females) was 7 years (range 1–17y), the median age at seizure onset was 6 months (range 0–12mo), and the median age at diagnosis was 3 years (range 1–14y). A mutation in the SCN1A gene was found in 37 patients (88%), four were familial. Intellectual disability was diagnosed in 28 (67%) children, and 18 out of 30 patients investigated had autism spectrum disorder. Thirty participants had neurological deficits. Stiripentol, as an add‐on medication, was used in 18 patients. Among these patients, seven were seizure free, six had >50% seizure reduction, and five <50% seizure reduction.InterpretationThis is the first population‐based study of Dravet syndrome in Sweden. Our data confirm international findings of incidence and highlights the severe and progressive course of this genetic epilepsy syndrome.
Efficacy of low concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and low‐powered Er,Cr:YSGG laser activated irrigation against an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm
Authors: Christo J. E. , Zilm P. S. , Sullivan T. , Cathro P. R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimTo establish the antibacterial efficacy of low concentrations of sodium hypochlorite with and without Er,Cr:YSGG laser activation on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in extracted teeth.MethodologyThe root canals of 96 decoronated single‐rooted extracted human teeth were prepared to a size 40, 0.06 taper 1 mm beyond the apex. They were mounted within a flow cell, which was sterilized before pumping a nutrient media through the root canals. The flow cell was inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC 700802) and cultivated for 4 weeks. The root‐ends were sealed, and the roots were then subjected to one of six treatment groups: group 1: syringe irrigation (SI) with saline (control) using a 27 ‐gauge Monoject needle 1 mm from the apex for 2 min; group 2: as for group 1 but with 1% NaOCl; group 3: as for group 1 but with 4% NaOCl; group 4: 0.5% NaOCl irrigation for 15 s followed by laser‐activated irrigation (LAI) with four 15‐s cycles replenishing the irrigant between cycles; group 5: as for group 4 but with 1% NaOCl as the irrigant; group 6: as for group 4 but with 4% NaOCl as the irrigant. Following treatment, teeth were crushed and viable bacteria were quantitated by serial dilution and plating. The colony‐forming unit values were compared between groups using one‐way anova and Tukey‐adjusted post hoc tests. A two‐tailed P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean number of cells recovered from the 1% NaOCl SI group was significantly higher than that from the 4% NaOCl LAI group (P = 0.02).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this laboratory study, low‐powered (0.5 W) Er,Cr:YSGG laser activation did not improve the antibacterial effect of low concentrations of sodium hypochlorite.
Effects of storage and thawing conditions on coagulation testing
Authors: Gosselin R. C. , Honeychurch K. , Kang H. J. , Dwyre D. M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIntroductionCurrent recommendations for coagulation testing storage and thawing are based on historical studies that were performed using unbuffered 3.8% sodium citrate. We sought to measure the effects of freezing and thawing conditions 3.2% buffered sodium citrate plasma samples that have been stored in vials with either snap or sealed screw tops, frozen in −70 °C freezer or dry ice and thawed either capped or uncapped.MethodsShed blood samples were pooled and then aliquoted into four snap top and four screw tops vials. Half the vials were stored in a −70 °C freezer, and half on dry ice for at least 16 h. Afterwards, half the frozen samples were thawed in 37 °C waterbath capped, and other half were thawed capped. After thawing cycles, samples were tested for PT, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, D‐dimer, factor assays, von Willebrand factor activity, plasminogen, antithrombin, protein C and lupus anticoagulant.ResultsProthrombin time, APTT, factor X, and lupus anticoagulant testing were affected by all vials, freezing and thawing conditions, whereas fibrinogen, D‐dimer, von Willebrand activity or protein C were not affected by any vial, freezing or storage condition.ConclusionsStorage vials, freezing and thawing condition affect coagulation testing, although these differences may not be clinically significant.
Screening for High Blood Pressure in Adults During Ambulatory Nonprimary Care Visits: Opportunities to Improve Hypertension Recognition
Authors: Handler Joel , Mohan Yasmina , Kanter Michael H. , Reynolds Kristi , Li Xia , Nguyen Miki , Young Deborah R. , Koebnick Corinna 
Published: March 2015

Visits with nonprimary care providers such as optometrists may be missed opportunities for the detection of high blood pressure (BP). For this study, normotensive adults with at least 12 months of health plan membership on January 1, 2009 (n=1,075,522) were followed‐up for high BP through March 14, 2011. Of 111,996 patients with a BP measurement ≥140/90 mm Hg, 82.7% were measured during primary care visits and 17.3% during nonprimary care visits. Individuals with a BP ≥140/90 mm Hg measured during nonprimary care visits were older and more likely to be male and non‐Hispanic white. The proportion of patients with follow‐up and false‐positives were comparable between primary and nonprimary care. The main nonprimary care specialty to identify a first BP ≥140/90 mm Hg was ophthalmology/optometry with 24.5% of all patients. Results suggest that expanding screening for hypertension to nonprimary care settings may improve the detection of hypertension.
Marginal Adaptation Evaluation of Biodentine and MTA Plus in “Open Sandwich” Class II Restorations
Authors: Aggarwal Vivek , Singla Mamta , Yadav Suman , Yadav Harish , Ragini  
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposesThis study aimed at evaluation of two different commercially available calcium silicate materials (Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] Plus) used as dentin substitute.Materials and MethodsSixty Class II cavities were prepared in extracted mandibular third molars, with margins extending 1 mm below the cementum–enamel junction. The samples were divided into three groups on the basis of dentin substitute used: resin modified glass ionomer cement, Biodentine, and MTA Plus. Cavities were restored with composite resins in an “open sandwich” technique. The samples were subjected to alternate aging in phosphate buffered saline and cyclic loading. Marginal adaptation was evaluated in terms of “continuous margin” at the gingival margin, using a low vacuum scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was done with two‐way analysis of variance with Holm‐Sidak's correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsThe glass ionomer group and Biodentine group presented an overall 83% and 91% of continuous margins, with no difference between them. MTA Plus showed least values of continuous margins. Granular deposits were seen over the surface of Biodentine and MTA Plus.ConclusionsBiodentine and resin‐modified glass ionomer cement, when used as a dentin substitute under composite restorations in open sandwich technique, gave satisfactory marginal adaptation values.Clinical SignificanceContemporary calcium silicate materials can be used as dentin substitute materials in “open sandwich” Class II restorations. This study evaluates the marginal adaptation of Biodentine, MTA Plus, and resin modified glass ionomer cement used as dentin substitutes and reports better adaptation obtained with Biodentine and glass ionomer cement.
Flood damage curves: new insights from the 2010 flood in Veneto, Italy
Authors: Scorzini A.R. , Frank E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFlood damage modelling is becoming an essential component in flood risk management. However damage assessments are affected by large uncertainty, mainly related to the use of depth–damage functions. In some countries, where no site‐specific curves are available, a transfer of damage models developed from other areas is required, adding extra uncertainty in the modelling process. This paper discusses the transferability in space of damage curves from literature, with a focus on ‘function uncertainty’, pointing out, especially for mesoscale ones, the lack of detailed information in terms of flood and/or building characteristics that can allow to identify the conditions of applicability of the models. New site‐specific depth–damage functions are then developed for the residential sector, at meso‐ and microscale, based on damage data from the 2010 flood in Veneto, Italy. The application of the new curves reveals a better performance of the mesoscale model compared with the more detailed microscale one, probably due to the small extent of the inundated area.
How Circular is the Global Economy?: An Assessment of Material Flows, Waste Production, and Recycling in the European Union and the World in 2005
Authors: Haas Willi , Krausmann Fridolin , Wiedenhofer Dominik , Heinz Markus 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIt is increasingly recognized that the growing metabolism of society is approaching limitations both with respect to sources for resource inputs and sinks for waste and emission outflows. The circular economy (CE) is a simple, but convincing, strategy, which aims at reducing both input of virgin materials and output of wastes by closing economic and ecological loops of resource flows. This article applies a sociometabolic approach to assess the circularity of global material flows. All societal material flows globally and in the European Union (EU‐27) are traced from extraction to disposal and presented for main material groups for 2005. Our estimate shows that while globally roughly 4 gigatonnes per year (Gt/yr) of waste materials are recycled, this flow is of moderate size compared to 62 Gt/yr of processed materials and outputs of 41 Gt/yr. The low degree of circularity has two main reasons: First, 44% of processed materials are used to provide energy and are thus not available for recycling. Second, socioeconomic stocks are still growing at a high rate with net additions to stocks of 17 Gt/yr. Despite having considerably higher end‐of‐life recycling rates in the EU, the overall degree of circularity is low for similar reasons. Our results indicate that strategies targeting the output side (end of pipe) are limited given present proportions of flows, whereas a shift to renewable energy, a significant reduction of societal stock growth, and decisive eco‐design are required to advance toward a CE.
Controlled by Love: The Harmful Relational Consequences of Perceived Conditional Positive Regard
Authors: Kanat‐Maymon Yaniv , Roth Guy , Assor Avi , Raizer Abira 
Published: March 2015

AbstractResearch on conditional positive regard (CPR) has shown that this seemingly benign practice has maladaptive correlates when used by parents. However, there is no research on the correlates of this practice in romantic relationships or on the processes mediating its effects. Building on self‐determination theory (Deci & Ryan, ), three studies tested the hypothesis that perceived CPR impairs relationship quality, partly because it undermines the fulfillment of the basic psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness. Study 1 (N = 125) examined perceived CPR and relationship quality across four relationship targets: mother, father, romantic partner, and best friend. Study 2, involving romantic partners (N = 142), examined whether needs fulfillment mediated the association between perceived CPR and relationship quality. Study 3, involving romantic dyads (N = 85), also included partner reports on CPR. Across the three studies, CPR was linked with poor relationship quality between relationships, between people, and between dyadic partners. Moreover, results of Study 2 and Study 3 revealed that the inverse association between perceived CPR and relationship quality was mediated by dissatisfaction of autonomy but not relatedness. Despite its seemingly benign nature, CPR is detrimental to relationship quality, partly because it thwarts the basic need for autonomy.
Personality Trait Differences Between Young and Middle‐Aged Adults: Measurement Artifacts or Actual Trends?
Authors: Nye Christopher D. , Allemand Mathias , Gosling Samuel D. , Potter Jeff , Roberts Brent W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA growing body of research demonstrates that older individuals tend to score differently on personality measures than younger adults. However, recent research using item response theory (IRT) has questioned these findings, suggesting that apparent age differences in personality traits merely reflect artifacts of the response process rather than true differences in the latent constructs. Conversely, other studies have found the opposite—age differences appear to be true differences rather than response artifacts. Given these contradictory findings, the goal of the present study was to examine the measurement equivalence of personality ratings drawn from large groups of young and middle‐aged adults (a) to examine whether age differences in personality traits could be completely explained by measurement nonequivalence and (b) to illustrate the comparability of IRT and confirmatory factor analysis approaches to testing equivalence in this context. Self‐ratings of personality traits were analyzed in two groups of Internet respondents aged 20 and 50 (n = 15,726 in each age group). Measurement nonequivalence across these groups was negligible. The effect sizes of the mean differences due to nonequivalence ranged from –.16 to .15. Results indicate that personality trait differences across age groups reflect actual differences rather than merely response artifacts.
Early Childhood Maltreatment and Pubertal Development: Replication in a Population‐Based Sample
Authors: Mendle Jane , Ryan Rebecca M. , McKone Kirsten M. 
Published: March 2015

Early experiences are critically important for female reproductive development. Although a number of early childhood hardships predict earlier physical development in girls, research on specific populations suggests a distinct effect of childhood sexual abuse compared to other adversities. This study leverages the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 6,273 girls) to test the generalizability of these findings, examining associations of early physical abuse, sexual abuse, and physical neglect with pubertal timing. Child sexual abuse predicted earlier menarche and development of secondary sexual characteristics, whereas other types of maltreatment did not. In addition to replicating results from smaller, more specialized samples, these findings reinforce the value of considering puberty within a broader “life span” continuum of birth to adolescence.
Eucalyptol suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects in an acute lung inflammation model
Authors: Kim Ka Young , Lee Hui Su , Seol Geun Hee 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The acute lung injury (ALI) model is characterised by a severe acute inflammatory response in the lungs that represents the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this study, we sought to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of eucalyptol in relation to tissue remodelling in acute lung inflammation.

Methods
BALB/C mice were intraperitoneally injected with eucalyptol (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) 1 h before intratracheal challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1.5 mg/kg) and sacrificed after 4 h. The anti-inflammatory effects of eucalyptol were assessed by determining cell counts, measuring cytokine and nitric oxide production and performing Western blotting and histological analyses.

Key findings
Eucalyptol attenuated inflammation-associated increases in cell numbers, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, production of cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) and nitric oxide, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein levels induced by LPS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ALI mice. Furthermore, pretreatment with 400 mg/kg eucalyptol prevented LPS-induced histopathological changes. Collectively, these results indicate that eucalyptol acts through a mechanism involving decreased MMP-9 expression and an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent NF-κB pathway to exert anti-inflammatory actions in acute lung inflammation.

Conclusions
Thus, eucalyptol may be a potentially important agent in the treatment of pulmonary inflammation.
Hepatitis B reactivation in HBsAg‐negative/HBcAb‐positive patients receiving rituximab for lymphoma: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Mozessohn L. , Chan K. K. W. , Feld J. J. , Hicks L. K. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryPatients with chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg‐positive) are at risk of viral reactivation if rituximab is administered without antiviral treatment, a potentially fatal complication of treatment. Patients with so‐called ‘resolved hepatitis B virus infection’ (HBsAg‐negative/cAb‐positive) may also be at risk. We performed a systematic review of the English and Chinese language literature to estimate the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in HBsAg‐negative/cAb‐positive patients receiving rituximab for lymphoma. A pooled risk estimate was calculated for HBV reactivation. The impact of HBsAb status and study design on reactivation rates was explored. Data from 578 patients in 15 studies were included. ‘Clinical HBV reactivation’, (ALT >3 × normal and either an increase in HBV DNA from baseline or HBsAg seroreversion), was estimated at 6.3% (I2 = 63%, P = 0.006). Significant heterogeneity was detected. Reactivation rates were higher in prospective vs retrospective studies (14.2% vs 3.8%; OR = 4.39, 95% CI 0.83–23.28). Exploratory analyses found no effect of HBsAb status on reactivation risk (OR = 0.083; P = 0.151). Our meta‐analysis confirms a measurable and potentially substantial risk of HBV reactivation in HBsAg‐negative/cAb‐positive patients exposed to rituximab. However, heterogeneity in the existing literature limits the generalizability of our findings. Large, prospective studies, with uniform definitions of HBV reactivation, are needed to clarify the risk of HBV reactivation in HBsAg‐negative/cAb‐positive patients.