bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the Photochromic Properties of WO3-Based Composite Films by Phosphorus Addition
Authors: Miyazaki Hidetoshi , Ishigaki Takumi , Suzuki Hisao , Ota Toshitaka 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Phosphorus tungstic heteropolyacid was synthesized by mixing P2O5 and peroxoisopolytungstic acid (W-IPA) in methanol solution. WO3-based composite films fabricated from phosphorus tungstic heteropolyacid and transparent urethane resin showed reversible photochromic properties. The coloring reaction rate constants of the films with P/W ratios of 0, 0.05, 0.083, and 0.20 were 1.55 × 10−2, 1.29 × 10−2, 1.88 × 10−2, and 1.76 × 10−2 min−1, respectively, while the bleaching half-life periods τ were 21.5, 14.9, 12.6, and 10.2 h, respectively; thus, the bleaching speed of the composite films was accelerated by phosphorus addition.
Development of Green-Emitting Iron Complex-Based Fluorescent Probes for Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide Imaging
Authors: Hitomi Yutaka , Takeyasu Toshiyuki , Kodera Masahito 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We previously reported the synthesis of the metal-based fluorescent probes MBFh1 and MBFh2 for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) imaging, which release the red-emitting fluorophore resorufin, whose response rate is significantly faster than that of other nonmetal-based H2O2 probes, upon reacting with H2O2. In this study, we have synthesized the new fluorescent probe MBFh3 1 and its ester derivatives 2 and 3, in which a mononuclear nonheme iron(III)–monoamido complex and a 3′-O-methyldihydrofluorescein derivative are connected via a propane linker. Probes 2 and 3 are methyl and 1-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)ethyl ester derivatives of 1, respectively. These probes rapidly react with H2O2 to release green-emitting 3′-O-methylfluoresceins. Fluorescent microscopy studies using HeLa and A431 cells showed that intracellular H2O2 can be visualized using probes 1 and 2, but not 3.
A Dansyl–Diethylenetriamine–Thiourea Conjugate as a Fluorescent Chemodosimeter for Hg2+ Ions in Water Media
Authors: Hien Nguyen Khoa , Quy Phan Tu , Trung Nguyen Tien , Vien Vo , Van Khanh Dang , Nhung Nguyen Thi Ai , Quang Duong Tuan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A new dansyl–diethylenetriamine–thiourea conjugate (DT) was prepared as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent chemodosimeter for Hg2+ ions. A Hg2+-induced desulfurization reaction followed by the cyclic guanylation of the thiourea moiety of DT is responsible for distinct fluorescence quenching. However, no changes were found for other ions including Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ag+, Fe2+, Cr3+, Co3+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+. Remarkably, the response rate of DT to Hg2+ is very fast (within 20 s), whereas other similar fluorescent chemodosimeters generally require 30 min or more to complete the reaction.
FeatureViewer, a BioJS component for visualization of position-based annotations in protein sequences
Authors: Garcia Leyla , Yachdav Guy , Martin Maria-Jesus 
Published: April 2014

Summary: FeatureViewer is a BioJS component that lays out, maps, orients, and renders position-based annotations for protein sequences. This component is highly flexible and customizable, allowing the presentation of annotations by rows, all centered, or distributed in non-overlapping tracks. It uses either lines or shapes for sites and rectangles for regions. The result is a powerful visualization tool that can be easily integrated into web applications as well as documents as it provides an export-to-image functionality. Availability: https://github.com/biojs/biojs/blob/master/src/main/javascript/Biojs.FeatureViewer.js; http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7719
What Do Credit Markets Tell Us About the Speed of Leverage Adjustment?
Authors: Elkamhi Redouane , Pungaliya Raunaq S. , Vijh Anand M. 
Published: April 2014

This paper proposes a new methodology to infer investors' expectations about the speed of leverage adjustment implicit in the prices of credit instruments. On average, the credit markets imply a fairly rapid annual speed of adjustment of 26% toward a firm's predicted leverage. The speed varies considerably across partitions formed by the differential implications of the pecking order, market timing, and trade-off theories of capital structure. This finding suggests that investors' expectations are formed in accordance with all three theories. We also show that the addition of firm fixed effects in the predicted leverage model gives noisier estimates of investors' expectations of future leverage, and that a firm's initial leverage is a poor estimate of its future leverage. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1871 . This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Edward Al-Kharrat, a Pioneer of Innovative Narrative Prose Writing: Beginnings
Authors: Yaseen Kittani  
Published: April 2014

This study deals with the short stories of Edward al-Kharrat (b. 1926) during the early stages of his writing career, which officially began at the end of the 1950s. The article will deal with the atmosphere, the contents and the novel aspects of his writing as reflected in his first three story collections,Hitan aliya (High Walls, 1959),Saat al-kibriyaa (Hours of Pride, 1972) andMahattat al-sikka al-hadeed(The Train Station, 1955–84), against the background of the changes that were taking place in the Arab world at the time, as well as changes that occurred in the concepts and functions of literature and in the strategies of narration.In his move away from traditional narratives that were represented at that time by the novelist Naguib Mahfouz (1911–2006), al-Kharrat's stories tended more and more to delve into the depths of the soul and to focus on existentialist and metaphysical issues, and, as a result, he was forced into changing his storytelling strategies and reducing external narratives in favor of introspection, dreams and imagination, as well as using language that relied on metaphor and attained a nearly poetic character. All these elements together contributed to convulsing “reality,” which in al-Kharrat's writings became different, discontinuous and unclear.
Vector bundles associated to Lie algebras
Authors: Carlson Jon F. , Friedlander Eric M. , Pevtsova Julia 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We introduce and investigate a functorial construction which associates
coherent sheaves to finite dimensional (restricted) representations of
a restricted Lie algebra

𝔤

$\mathfrak{g}$

. These are sheaves
on locally closed subvarieties of the projective variety

𝔼
⁢

(
r
,
𝔤
)

$\mathbb{E}(r,\mathfrak{g})$

of
elementary subalgebras of

𝔤

$\mathfrak{g}$

of dimension r. We show that
representations of constant radical or socle rank studied in [5]
which generalize modules of constant Jordan type
lead to algebraic vector bundles on

𝔼
⁢

(
r
,
𝔤
)

$\mathbb{E}(r,\mathfrak{g})$

. When

𝔤

$\mathfrak{g}$

is the Lie algebra
of an algebraic group G, rational representations of G enable us to realize
familiar algebraic vector bundles on G-orbits of

𝔼
⁢

(
r
,
𝔤
)

$\mathbb{E}(r,\mathfrak{g})$

.
Cord blood galectin-1 and -3 concentrations in term pregnancies with normal restricted and increased fetal growth
Authors: Boutsikou Theodora , Giotaki Maria , Boutsikou Maria , Briana Despina D. , Baka Stavroula , Piatopoulou Despoina , Hassiakos Demetrios , Gourgiotis Demetrios , Malamitsi-Puchner Ariadne 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Objective: To determine levels of galectins (gal)-1 and -3 (implicated in angiogenesis/immunologic mechanisms) in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR), large (LGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies, as these groups differ in fat mass, angiogenic patterns and immune responses.

Methods: Cord-blood (UC) gal-1 and -3 concentrations were measured in 30 IUGR, 30 LGA and 20 AGA singleton full-term infants and their mothers (MS).

Results: IUGR, LGA and AGA groups did not differ in gal-1 and -3 concentrations. UC gal-1 levels were lower when mothers were older [b=–0.651, CI 95% –1.186 (–0.116), P=0.018] and UC gal-3 levels were increased when mothers presented gestational diabetes [b=9.836, CI 95% 3.833- (15.839), P=0.002].
In IUGRs MS gal-3 and in LGAs UC gal-1 were decreased in multiparas [b=–5.372, CI 95% -9.584- (–1.161), P=0.014], and [b=–7.540, CI 95% -14.606- (–0.473), P=0.037], respectively.
No correlations were found between MS or UC gal-1 and gal-3 concentrations.

Conclusions: Lower UC gal-1 levels, when mothers were older, and increased UC gal-3 levels in cases of gestational diabetes, possibly reflect angiogenic activity. In multiparas, decreased MS gal-3 and UC gal-1 levels in IUGR/LGA, respectively, might imply inflammatory response against immunosuppression expected in subsequent pregnancies, as compared to the first one.
Near-IR absorbing Bodipy functionalized SPIONs: a potential magnetic nanoplatform for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Ertem Elif , Bekdemir Ahmet , Atilgan Ahmet , Akkaya Engin U. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), especially with the recent advances in photosensitizer (PS) design, has already been established as a noninvasive technique for cancer treatment. Recently, near-IR-based absorbing PSs that have a rising potency to implement light-triggered tumor ablation have attracted much attention since near-IR light in the 650–850 nm range penetrates more deeply in tissues. Up to now, numerous nanomaterials tailored to suitable sizes have been studied for effective delivery of PSs. In this study, four different types of Bodipy-based PSs were covalently attached to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) active, biocompatible, and nontoxic nanocarriers and generation of singlet oxygen capabilities were evaluated. It was demonstrated that these core-shell nanoparticles are promising delivery vehicles of PSs for use in diagnosis and therapy.
AlPO4-coated V2 O5 nanoplatelet and its electrochemical properties in aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Honglai , Yang Jie , Xiao Qichang , Li Zhaohui , Lei Gangtie , Xiao Qizhen 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Vanadium pentoxide (V2 O5) nanoplatelet was prepared through an exfoliation method by using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as intercalating template. To improve its electrochemical performance in the aqueous electrolyte, the nanoplatelet was coated with amorphous AlPO4 by sol-gel method. The effect of this coating layer on the rate and cycling properties is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge. The 1.6 % AlPO4-coated sample could deliver an initial capacity of 128 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C rate, and remain 99 % of the initial one after 50 cycles. The discharge capacities in the first cycle are 119, 113, and 104 mAh g–1 at the rates of 0.3, 1.5, and 3 C, respectively. The corresponding maintaining ratios are 98, 92, and 87 % after 50 cycles. The results suggest the AlPO4-coated V2 O5 nanoplatelet has good rate capability and cycling performance, indicating its promising application as an anode material in aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries.
The flexural behaviors of the impacted composite single-lap adhesive joints
Authors: Ergun Emin , Çallioğlu Hasan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This experimental study deals with the flexural behaviors of composite single-lap adhesive joints after impact tests. Increasing impact energies are applied at the center of the composite plates having three different overlap lengths. It is shown that the overlap lengths and impact energy levels affect considerably the impact responses of the composite single-lap joints. It is also shown that the bending stiffness of the composite increases with increasing overlap length. For this reason, after the impact tests, how these effects influence the flexural behaviors of the impacted composite lap joints was also investigated. The flexural loads of the impacted and non-impacted composite single-lap joints were determined and compared with each other. It is shown that the residual flexural loads after impact increase with increasing overlap lengths but decrease with increasing impact energy.
Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Ternary Oxide SmGdO3 for Logic and Memory Devices
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Misra Pankaj , Katiyar Ram S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe report on the structural and electrical characteristics of bulk and thin film of ternary oxide SmGdO3. Bulk sample of SmGdO3 was prepared by pelletizing and sintering the calcined mixture of predetermined amount of Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 powders. The crystalline structure of the sample was studied by X-ray diffraction measurements and Raman spectroscopy. Capacitance and leakage current measurements on bulk sample revealed a high and linear dielectric constant of ∼ 19 with low dielectric loss and leakage current which is suitable for gate dielectric application in CMOS logic devices and high-k MIM capacitors. In addition, the non-volatile resistive memory switching phenomenon was studied in thin films of SmGdO3 which were deposited by pulsed laser deposition using sintered pellet of SmGdO3 as target. Commercially available Pt/TiO2/SiO2/(100) Si was used as substrate and top Pt electrode of lateral dimension 40×40μm2 were deposited by sputtering to construct Pt/SmGdO3/Pt MIM devices. After initial forming process which occurred at comparatively higher voltage, the Pt/SmGdO3/Pt devices showed repeatable unipolar switching between high and low resistance states with low and well defined switching voltages. These properties indicate suitability of this material for the emerging logic and memory device applications.
Geography Should Not Be Destiny: Focusing HIV/AIDS Implementation Research and Programs on Microepidemics in US Neighborhoods
Authors: Nunn Amy , Yolken Annajane , Cutler Blayne , Trooskin Stacey , Wilson Phill , Little Susan , Mayer Kenneth 
Published: April 2014

African Americans and Hispanics are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Within the most heavily affected cities, a few neighborhoods account for a large share of new HIV infections. Addressing racial and economic disparities in HIV infection requires an implementation program and research agenda that assess the impact of HIV prevention interventions focused on increasing HIV testing, treatment, and retention in care in the most heavily affected neighborhoods in urban areas of the United States. Neighborhood-based implementation research should evaluate programs that focus on community mobilization, media campaigns, routine testing, linkage to and retention in care, and block-by-block outreach strategies.
Hydraulic Conductance of Maize Hybrids Differing in Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit
Authors: Choudhary Sunita , Sinclair Thomas R. , Messina Carlos D. , Cooper Mark 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTLimited transpiration rate (TR) under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) conditions has been proposed as a desirable trait for crop yield improvement. The limited‐TR trait has been identified in several single‐cross maize hybrids, and among these hybrids, a range in the VPD breakpoint for limited TR was identified. It was hypothesized that the variation in the VPD breakpoint was due to differences in hydraulic conductance in their roots or leaves, or both. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare relative hydraulic conductance in the roots and leaves across the maize hybrids expressing the VPD breakpoint. It was found that the VPD of the breakpoint was correlated with each of three indices of hydraulic conductance. That is, low VPD breakpoint was associated with low hydraulic conductance in both leaves and roots indicating a common, underlying limiting mechanism in these two tissues. It was hypothesized that expression of similar aquaporin populations influencing hydraulic flow across membranes in the roots and leaves may account for the consistency in results across the indices of hydraulic conductance.
Regional Distribution of Protein and Oil Compositions of Soybean Cultivars in China
Authors: Qin Peiyou , Song Wenwen , Yang Xiushi , Sun Shi , Zhou Xianrong , Yang Ruping , Li Nan , Hou Wensheng , Wu Cunxiang , Han Tianfu , Ren Guixing 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed, which contains high levels of oil and protein, is one of China's most important native crops. The aim of this study was to investigate how regional and environmental factors affect the compositions of protein, amino acids, oil, and fatty acids. A total of 127 soybean cultivars from four main regions of China were analyzed. The levels of total protein and most of amino acids showed a trend of increasing from Northern to Southern China, while the levels of total oil, stearic acid, linolenic acid, and proline showed a trend of decreasing. The variation of protein, oil, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid content of soybean grown in the four regions was low, while variation of other constituents remained high. Most amino acids contents were positively correlated with protein content. The total oil content showed a negative correlation with protein content. The content of linolenic acid was positively correlated with the content of palmitic acid and stearic acid but negatively correlated with the oleic acid content. The southern regions have the potential for high‐protein soybean production, while the northern regions of China have the potential for high‐oil soybean production.
Adaptation Patterns and Yield Stability of Durum Wheat Landraces to Highland Cold Rainfed Areas of Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Reza , Haghparast Reza , Sadeghzadeh Behzad , Ahmadi Hasan , Solimani Kazem , Amri Ahmed 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBecause of unpredictable conditions in Mediterranean environments, successful crop production requires improved adaptation and yield stability to mitigate major abiotic stresses such as drought and cold. In this study 380 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) landraces with worldwide origins and four checks were evaluated in four rainfed research stations for 3 yr (2008–2011). The main objective was to investigate yield stability and adaptation patterns of the landraces to highland rainfed cold regions of Iran, where drought and cold are limiting factors. The experimental design was an unreplicated trial at each environment. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) data were used to analyze landrace × environment interactions using multivariate statistical methods. Considerable variability in yield, adaptation, and stability was observed for the landraces, which could be exploited for crop improvement. The landrace and environment groups allowed characterization of origins on the basis of similar performance of landrace within particular environments. Grouping of environments was not repeatable among the years. Many of the durum landraces exhibited a high combination of yield and stability for both drought and cold stresses, comparable to cold‐ and/or drought‐tolerant checks. Most landraces originating from Europe and the United States could be considered as a genetic resource for specific adaptation, while the landraces from Asia may enhance genetic potential of yield stability. In conclusion, current durum wheat selection may lead to yield stability and specific adaptation, which provides opportunities for this collection to be useful for genetic improvement of both drought and cold tolerance in durum wheat.
Narrow‐Leaf Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) Selection for Increased Freezing Tolerance
Authors: Skinner R. Howard , Stewart Alan V. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTStudies in the northeastern United States have shown that the improved cultivars of narrow‐leaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) do not have sufficient winter hardiness to persist under wintertime conditions typical of that region. However, an experimental line, PG700, developed from productive plants collected from the southern, mid‐Atlantic, and midwestern United States had significantly greater survival after freezing than the commercially available cultivars. A field study was initiated in 2006 to select for additional freezing tolerance in PG700. Superior materials collected after two‐years of selection pressure were evaluated in growth chambers for survival after exposure to −11 and −14°C or after exposure to drought that was severe enough to kill all visible leaves. The cultivar Tonic was included as a freezing‐susceptible control. Survival of spaced plants of PG700 in the field was high, with mortality rates of 9% following the first winter after transplanting, 26% of the remaining plants after the following summer, and 11% after the second winter. Even with the low selection pressure, progeny of plants selected after the first winter had more than twice the survival rate of the original population when exposed to −14°C. No Tonic plants survived at −14°C. PG700 did not have greater drought resistance than Tonic, nor was its drought resistance improved by the selection process. Increased freezing tolerance will increase the suitability of plantain as a component of perennial pasture mixtures in temperate regions of the United States.
Maize–Soybean Intercropping Interactions Above and Below Ground
Authors: Lv Yue , Francis Charles , Wu Pute , Chen Xiaoli , Zhao Xining 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAbove‐ground and below‐ground interactions of the maize–soybean intercrop were studied in a 2‐yr field experiment with measurements of grain and total biological yield; N, P, and K uptake; and photosynthesis. Four intercrop treatments included no shoot or root separation (T1), shoot and root separation (T2), root separation (T3), and shoot separation (T4); two controls were solo maize (T5) and solo soybean (T6). Results indicated that competition between above‐ground and/or below‐ground plant parts is a key factor in describing intercropping advantage, and that intercropping is not advantageous in the absence of competition. Specific results showed significant intercrop advantages when roots and shoots were not separated, the differences between component species in above‐ground and below‐ground competition, and a greater contribution to intercrop advantages from below‐ground interactions than above‐ground interactions. Although competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight is the primary explanation often used to explain intercrop advantages, our results indicate that competition for nutrients was of more importance than competition for sunlight. Differences in nutrient uptake data were closely related to those of yields, confirming the importance of below‐ground competition. Relatively less competition above ground was confirmed by minimal differences in photosynthesis among treatments. More refined studies of resource competition could further confirm the different contributions of above‐ground and below‐ground interactions. One potential application of results could be their use in intercrop systems modeling.