bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on seamless development of surgical instruments based on biological mechanisms using CAD and 3D printer
Authors: Yamamoto Ikuo , Ota Ren , Zhu Rui , Lawn Murray , Ishimatsu Takakazu , Nagayasu Takeshi , Yamasaki Naoya , Takagi Katsunori , Koji Takehiko 
Published: August 2015

Abstract In the area of manufacturing surgical instruments, the ability to rapidly design, prototype and test surgical instruments is critical. This paper provides a simple case study of the rapid development of two bio-mechanism based surgical instruments which are ergonomic, aesthetic and were successfully designed, prototyped and conceptually tested in a very short period of time.
Trajectory planning and mechanic’s analysis of lower limb rehabilitation robot
Authors: Zhiyong Tang , Xiaodong Xu , Zhongcai Pei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract A new rehabilitation robot was designed. The robot included a suspension mechanism, a drive unit, and an adjustment mechanism. Additionally, innovative weight loss mechanism increased the dynamical device so that it could be used with patients of varying lower extremity muscle strengths. The relationship of hip and knee angles with height, step length, and gait cycle was studied. It was developed to generate different trajectories for different patients. Kinematics and dynamics were studied to lay the foundation for control.
A robo-pigeon based on an innovative multi-mode telestimulation system
Authors: Yang Junqing , Huai Ruituo , Wang Hui , Lv Changzhi , Su Xuecheng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract In this paper, we describe a new multi-mode telestimulation system for brain-microstimulation for the navigation of a robo-pigeon, a new type of bio-robot based on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) techniques. The multi-mode telestimulation system overcomes neuron adaptation that was a key shortcoming of the previous single-mode stimulation by the use of non-steady TTL biphasic pulses accomplished by randomly alternating pulse modes. To improve efficiency, a new behavior model (“virtual fear”) is proposed and applied to the robo-pigeon. Unlike the previous “virtual reward” model, the “virtual fear” behavior model does not require special training. The performance and effectiveness of the system to alleviate the adaptation of neurons was verified by a robo-pigeon navigation test, simultaneously confirming the practicality of the “virtual fear” behavioral model.
Robot-musculoskeletal dynamic biomechanical model in robot-assisted diaphyseal fracture reduction
Authors: Li Changsheng , Wang Tianmiao , Hu Lei , Zhang Lihai , Zhao Yanpeng , Du Hailong , Wang Lifeng , Tang Peifu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract A number of issues that exist in common fracture reduction surgeries can be mitigated by robot-assisted fracture reduction. However, the safety of patients and the performance of the robot, which are closely related to the muscle forces, are important indexes that restrict the development of robots. Though researchers have done a great deal of work on the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system, the dynamics of the musculoskeletal system, particularly the aspects related to the function of the robot, is not well understood. For this reason, we represent the complex biological system by establishing a dynamic biomechanical model based on the Hill muscle model and the Kane method for the robot that we have developed and the musculoskeletal system. We analyzed the relationship between the motion and force of the bone fragments and the robot during a simulation of a robot-assisted fracture reduction. The influence of the muscle force on the robot system was predicted and managed. The simulation results provide a basis for a fracture reduction path plan that ensures patient safety and a useful reference for the mechanical design of the robot.
Experimental analysis of robot-assisted needle insertion into porcine liver
Authors: Wang Wendong , Shi Yikai , Goldenberg Andrew A. , Yuan Xiaoqing , Zhang Peng , He Lijing , Zou Yingjie 
Published: August 2015

Abstract How to improve placement accuracy of needle insertion into liver tissue is of paramount interest to physicians. A robot-assisted system was developed to experimentally demonstrate its advantages in needle insertion surgeries. Experiments of needle insertion into porcine liver tissue were performed with conic tip needle (diameter 8 mm) and bevel tip needle (diameter 1.5 mm) in this study. Manual operation was designed to compare the performance of the presented robot-assisted system. The real-time force curves show outstanding advantages of robot-assisted operation in improving the controllability and stability of needle insertion process by comparing manual operation. The statistics of maximum force and average force further demonstrates robot-assisted operation causes less oscillation. The difference of liver deformation created by manual operation and robot-assisted operation is very low, 1 mm for average deformation and 2 mm for maximum deformation. To conclude, the presented robot-assisted system can improve placement accuracy of needle by stably control insertion process.
Reduced knee hyperextension after wearing a robotic knee orthosis during gait training - a case study
Authors: Mao Yurong , Lo Wai Leung , Xu Guangqing , Li Leonard Sheungwai , Li Le , Huang Dongfeng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract This case study describes the effects of a wearable dynamic knee orthosis to supplement walking training in a patient suffering knee hyperextension. The subject was a 57-year old female who was 3.5 years post-brain tumor surgery. She was presented with impaired right lower extremity muscle performance, increased lower extremity muscle tension, and right knee hyperextension. She reported pain at the right knee joint and tibialis anterior after 10 minutes of over-ground walk. Fifteen one-hour sessions of gait training with robotic knee orthosis (RKO) were provided an over 3 weeks period. The subject demonstrated improvement with right lower limb kinematic and kinetic measures of gait. Peak flexion degree and moment increased (from -4.99° to 13.47°, and from 0.18 Nm/kg to 0.20 Nm/kg respectively).Extension peak moment decreased from 1.03 Nm/kg to 0.53 Nm/kg. Knee joint force decreased from 0.68 N to 0.45 N. Ground reaction force (GRF) reduced from 11.06N to 10.11N. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) improved from 45/56 to 51/56. No difference was observed in Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Lower limb (FMA-LE) scores. Gait training that integrates an intention-based RKO for correcting knee hyperextension can be clinically effective. The persistence and generalizability of these results need to be further investigated.
Detecting differences in volume pulse wave parameters among fingers and toes in four different postures
Authors: Yan Tingting , Yang Lin , Zhang Song , Yang Yimin , Li Xuwen 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The measurement of volume pulse waves may be easily affected based on the measured position (different fingers or toes), body posture, as well as other factors. Therefore, interferences during measurement need to be removed. For this study, relevant parameters of volume pulse wave were obtained by changing the affecting factors. The data were analyzed in order to indicate the differences in volume pulse wave parameters among different fingers and toes in four postures. Results showed that when subjects were lying, inclined or in a sitting posture, volume pulse wave parameters of the index finger, middle finger and ring finger on both hands displayed no apparent differences. When subjects were in a sitting posture, volume pulse wave parameters of the big, second and third toes on both feet showed no significant differences.
SAR and thermal response effects of a two-arm Archimedean spiral coil in a magnetic induction sensor on a human head
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Liu Peiguo , Zhou Dongming , Zhang Liang , Ding Liang 
Published: August 2015

Abstract This study investigates the radiation safety of a newly designed magnetic induction sensor. This novel magnetic induction sensor uses a two-arm Archimedean spiral coil (TAASC) as the exciter. A human head model with a real anatomical structure was used to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature change. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) was used to determine the values of the peak 10-g SAR under different operating parameters (current, frequency, horizontal distance between the excitation coil and the receiver coil, vertical distance between the top of the head model and the XOY plane, position of excitation coil, and volume of hemorrhage). Then, the highest response for the SAR and temperature rise was determined. The results showed that this new magnetic induction sensor is safe in the initial state; for safety reasons, the TAASC current should not exceed 4 A. The scalp tissue absorbed most of the electromagnetic energy. The TAASC’s SAR/thermal performance was close to that of the circular coil.
Acoustic signal characteristics of laser induced cavitation in DDFP droplet: Spectrum and time-frequency analysis
Authors: Feng Yi , Qin Dui , Zhang Jun , Ma Chenxiang , Wan Mingxi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Cavitation has great application potential in microvessel damage and targeted drug delivery. Concerning cavitation, droplet vaporization has been widely investigated in vitro and in vivo with plasmonic nanoparticles. Droplets with a liquid dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) core enclosed in an albumin shell have a stable and simple structure with good characteristics of laser absorbing; thus, DDFP droplets could be an effective aim for laser-induced cavitation. The DDPF droplet was prepared and perfused in a mimic microvessel in the optical microscopic system with a passive acoustic detection module. Three patterns of laser-induced cavitation in the droplets were observed. The emitted acoustic signals showed specific spectrum components at specific time points. It was suggested that a nanosecond laser pulse could induce cavitation in DDPF droplets, and specific acoustic signals would be emitted. Analyzing its characteristics could aid in monitoring the laser-induced cavitation process in droplets, which is meaningful to theranostic application.
New derivation method and simulation of skin effect in biological tissue
Authors: Fan Xiaoli , Zhou Qianxiang , Liu Zhongqi , Xie Fang 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Based on the electrical properties of biological tissues, bioimpedance measurement technology can be employed to collect physiologic and pathologic information by measuring changes in human bioimpedance. When an alternating current (AC) is applied as a detection signal to a tissue, the current field distribution, which is affected by skin effect, is related to both the bioimpedance of the tissue and the AC frequency. These relations would possibly reduce the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. In this study, an electromagnetic theory-based method, in which cylindrical conductor were divided into layers, was used to obtain current field distribution models of human limbs. Model simulations were conducted in MATLAB. The skin effect phenomenon and its characteristics in human tissues at different frequencies were observed, thus providing essential data on skin effect, which are useful in the development of bioimpedance measurement technology.
Dielectric analysis of heterogeneous biological tissues based on mixing rule
Authors: Zhang Liang , Liu Peiguo , Dong Xiuzhen , Zhou Dongming , Shi Xuetao 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Thus far, the measurement of dielectric properties of biological tissues has been achieved on the assumption that the biological tissues are homogeneous. In fact, most tissues should be heterogeneous because there are many small structures included in these tissues, such as blood vessel, nerve fiber and so on. When the dielectric properties of these tissues are measured by conventional sensor, the results are not the dielectric properties of tissues but the effective dielectric properties of the mixture. In this paper, the influence of the inclusion in tissues on the measurement of dielectric properties of heterogeneous biological tissues is studied and the analysis of the effective dielectric properties of heterogeneous tissues based on the mixing rule is proposed. When the coaxial probe is used to measure the dielectric properties of tissue, the results are relative to the dielectric properties of inclusion, dielectric properties of background tissue and the effective volume fraction of inclusion. Therefore, the dielectric properties of inclusion could be calculated according to mixing rule, after the effective dielectric properties are measured and the effective volume fraction of inclusion is estimated.
Golay improvement of the robustness of mean scatterer spacing measurement with ultrasonic backscattering
Authors: Pan Wenlei , Shen Yi , Liu Ting , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Mean scatterer spacing (MSS) estimated from ultrasonic backscattering is of valuable information for tissue characterization. However, low ultrasound frequency, sound attenuation, and diffuse scattering significantly disturb the current MSS measurement methods. The aim of this study is to improve MSS measurement with Coded Excitation (CE) enhanced cepstrum estimation. The study proposes a Golay code-based cepstrum estimation and uses an equivalent Faran cylinder model of cancellous bone. By solving the elastic wave equation, ultrasonic backscattering signals were obtained through simulations. The adopted ultrasonic excitation is 0.9 MHz and is coded with 4-bit complementary sequences, which is modulated by employing a sinusoidal signal. Also, white Gaussian noise of 60 dB, 55 dB, and 45 dB was added to the backscattering data to study the robustness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the Golay-based method successfully improved ultrasound energy transmission into the tissue and effectively suppressed interference peaks while identifying the right peaks with permitted errors. In addition, the robustness against noise was enhanced.
Helical type coronary bypass graft performance: Experimental investigations
Authors: Bernad Sandor I. , Bosioc Alin I. , Bernad Elena S. , Craina Marius L. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Optimal graft design has been an objective of many researchers to find correlations between hemodynamics and graft failure. Compared to planar grafts, the helical graft configurations improve hemodynamic performance including the promotion of flow mixing and reduction of flow stagnation regions. In order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the suggested helical type bypass graft model in comparison to a conventional bypass graft configuration, three experimental models were designed and evaluated. The character of complex vortex structures created in the area between the heel and the occluded section depends on the flow parameters (in the case of the straight graft). We have identified two vortices in the symmetrical plane (proximal and distal to the anastomosis). In the new design of the two-turn helical graft, the stagnation point is eliminated from the anastomoses at different time intervals compared to the conventional straight bypass model The present study indicated that the magnitude of the pressure drop along a helical graft was considerably increased compared to a traditional graft which, while still physiologically advantageous, can be surpassed by an optimal geometry model.
Influence of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on heart rate variability (HRV) in rat hearts via electronic lesion
Authors: Deng Xin , Feng Xuhui , Li Sen , Gao Ya , Yu Bingzhi , Li Gensong 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Previous literatures have indicated that hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons are important for regulating the level of sympathetic and vagal nervous activity. Sympathovagal balance is closely related to heart rate variability (HRV). However, it still requires further elucidation regarding the effect of PVN on HRV by regulating sympathovagal balance. To detect the influence of the PVN on HRV, we evaluated the changes in time domain (including standard deviation of the R-R intervals (SDNN), and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD)) and frequency domain (including low frequency (LFnu), high frequency (HFnu) and the ratio of LF/HF) in HRV upon appropriate electronic stimulation, and lesions on the PVN of the rat in vivo. Cardiac vagal modulation was evaluated by HFnu; sympathetic modulation was evaluated by LFnu. Sympathovagal balance was evaluated by LF/HF and SDNN. Upon electronic stimulating (less than 0.6 mA) to the PVN of rats, we found that LFnu and HFnu changed correspondingly but recovered after the stimulation. When the PVN of the rats was injured, the RR intervals were enhanced with the rats’ unilaterally or bilaterally injured PVN, especially the bilateral lesion. Meanwhile, LFnu, LF/HF and SDNN decreased gradually, accompanied with an increase of HFnu levels. So these PVN changes may indicate alterations of the sympathovagal balance.
Influential factors for pressure pulse waveform in healthy young adults
Authors: Du Yi , Wang Ling , Li Shuyu , Zhi Guang , Li Deyu , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The effects of gender and other contributory factors on pulse waveform are still under arguments. In view of different results caused by few considerations of possible influential factors and general agreement of gender relating to pulse waveform, this study aims to address the confounding factors interfering with the association between gender and pulse waveform characteristics. A novel method was proposed to noninvasively detect pressure pulse wave and assess the morphology of pulse wave. Forty healthy young subjects were included in the present research. Height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured manually and body mass index (BMI), pulse blood pressure (PP) and heart rate (HR) were calculated automatically. Student’s t test was used to analyze the gender difference and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the effects of intrinsic factors. Univariate regression analysis was performed to assess the main factors on the waveform characteristics. Waveform features were found significantly different between genders. However this study indicates that the main factors for time-related and amplitude-related parameters are HR and SBP respectively. In conclusion, the impact of HR and SBP on pulse waveform features should not be underestimated, especially when analyzing the gender difference.
Optimization of configuration of attachment in tooth translation with transparent tooth correction by appropriate moment-to-force ratios: Biomechanical analysis
Authors: Cai Yongqing , He Bingwei , Yang Xiaoxiang , Yao Jun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Transparent tooth correction treatment is an esthetic alternative to traditional orthodontic treatment. Recently, attachments were introduced in transparent tooth correction treatments to improve the predictability of orthodontic movement. In order to optimize the attachment configuration, the force delivery system of attachments in orthodontic aligner treatment was analyzed. Based on mechanical principles, such as the synthesis theorem of force system, Varignon theorem, and the theorem of force translation, the force system of attachment was analyzed. How the attachments affected the orthodontic treatment was investigated. The attachments’ force system [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was determined. The optimum attachment for translation and controlled tipping movement was conceived. The attachments can be designed and placed appropriately to improve tooth movement.
Finite element analysis to study the effects of using CAD/CAM glass-fiber post system in a severely damaged anterior tooth
Authors: Chen Aijie , Feng Xiaoli , Zhang Yanli , Liu Ruoyu , Shao Longquan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract To investigate the stress distribution of a severely damaged maxillary anterior tooth restored with a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) glass-fiber post system. Twelve models were fabricated with different alveolar bone levels and cervical dentin wall thicknesses and studied using a two-dimensional finite element method. A force of 100 N was applied to the lingual surface of the crown at 45 degrees, and the maximum von Mises stress was calculated. A higher stress level was observed in the dentin than in the post and crown. With the reduction of dentin thickness, the maximum von Mises stress in the dentin increased slightly to a peak at a thickness of 1.5 mm, followed by a slight decrease at a thickness of 1.0 mm. However, the relative ratio (RR) values did not show a large difference (RR > 80%). Meanwhile, a large difference in RR values was observed with a change in bone level (RR < 80%). When using a CAD/CAM glass-fiber post system, the maximal von Mises stress was significantly affected by the bone level, rather than by the dentin thickness. Moreover, this system may be applied to the treatment of a maxillary anterior tooth with a bone level of only 2/3.
Wall stress and deformation analysis in a numerical model of pulse wave propagation
Authors: He Fan , Hua Lu , Gao Lijian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract To simulate pulse wave propagation, we set up a wave propagation model using blood-wall interaction in previous work. In this paper, our purpose is to investigate wall stress and deformation of the wave propagation model. The finite element method is employed for solving the governing equations of blood and wall. Our results suggest that there are two peaks in the circumferential stress and strain distributions of the normal model. The stress and strain values change with the varieties of different factors, such as wall thickness and vessel diameter. The results indicate that different parameters of fluid and tube wall have remarked impact on wall stress and deformation.
Application of uniform design to improve dental implant system
Authors: Cheng Yung-Chang , Lin Deng-Huei , Jiang Cho-Pei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract This paper introduces the application of uniform experimental design to improve dental implant systems subjected to dynamic loads. The dynamic micromotion of the Zimmer dental implant system is calculated and illustrated by explicit dynamic finite element analysis. Endogenous and exogenous factors influence the success rate of dental implant systems. Endogenous factors include: bone density, cortical bone thickness and osseointegration. Exogenous factors include: thread pitch, thread depth, diameter of implant neck and body size. A dental implant system with a crest module was selected to simulate micromotion distribution and stress behavior under dynamic loads using conventional and proposed methods. Finally, the design which caused minimum micromotion was chosen as the optimal design model. The micromotion of the improved model is 36.42 μm, with an improvement is 15.34% as compared to the original model.