bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometric assessment of agonist‐induced P‐selectin expression as a measure of platelet quality in stored platelet concentrates
Authors: Middelburg Rutger A. , Roest Mark , Ham Jannemieke , Coccoris Miriam , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , van der Meer Pieter F. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundPlatelet (PLT) function in PLT concentrates declines during storage and is further affected by pathogen reduction treatment. Flow cytometric assessment of agonist‐induced P‐selectin expression can be used to assess PLT function in patients with thrombocytopenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate how this functional test relates to established in vitro measures of PLT function.Study Design and MethodsSix units of PLTs in plasma and 6 units of riboflavin and ultraviolet (Mirasol, TerumoBCT)‐treated PLTs in plasma were sampled on Days 2, 6, 8, and 10 after donation. PLT concentration, Annexin 5A staining, ThromboLUX (LightIntegra) thrombelastography, and P‐selectin expression, both in unstimulated PLTs and in response to concentration series of adenosine diphosphate, collagen‐related peptide, and thrombin receptor–activating peptide (TRAP), were measured.ResultsFor PLTs in plasma Annexin 5A expression increased by 0.60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40%‐0.80%) and P‐selectin expression increased by 1.2% (95% CI, 0.80%‐1.6%) per day. Responsiveness to TRAP simultaneously decreased by 1.3% (95% CI, 0.80%‐1.8%) per day. After Mirasol treatment ThromboLUX scores decreased 3.3 points (95% CI, 0.2‐6.4 points) from 22 to 19 points, Annexin 5A expression increased by 4.8% (95% CI, 3.3%‐6.2%), and P‐selectin expression increased by 13% (95% CI, 10%‐16%), all averaged over the entire storage period. Responsiveness to TRAP simultaneously decreased by 19% (95% CI, 17%‐21%).ConclusionsOur results suggest flow cytometric measurement of agonist‐induced P‐selectin expression can measure PLT quality decline over the entire range encountered during 10‐day storage of both standard PLTs and Mirasol‐treated PLTs in plasma.
Weak D phenotypes caused by intronic mutations in the RHD gene: four novel weak D alleles identified in the Chinese population
Authors: Ye Luyi , He Yunlei , Gao Huanhuan , Guo Zhonghui , Zhu Ziyan 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundAlthough more than 80 weak D types have been reported, many rare alleles probably remain unidentified. However, direct evidence that associates intronic mutations in the RHD gene with weak D types is lacking.Study Design and MethodsBlood samples were obtained from Shanghai Blood Center. D– samples typed in routine laboratories were tested using a monoclonal immunoglobulin M reagent, an indirect antiglobulin test, and a commercial panel of monoclonal anti‐D (Diagast D‐Screen). RHD nucleotide sequencing that included adjacent flanking intron regions was performed. The RHD zygosity was determined. Bioinformatics analysis was performed.ResultsFour different RHD alleles were identified among six blood samples, namely, RHD IVS3+3G>C, RHD IVS6‐14del3, RHD IVS4+5G>A, and RHD IVS4+5G>T. The serologic tests were consistent with weak D phenotypes. The bioinformatics results indirectly suggest that these sequence changes affect splicing.ConclusionThis study is the first to describe weak D types caused by intronic variations near the splice sites in the RHD gene, which is supported by the genotyping results combined with serologic profiles and bioinformatics analysis. The identification of the four novel RHD alleles represents a new significant addition to the molecular bases that underlie weak D, which would deepen our understanding of the mechanism of the low expression of the RhD antigen. These nucleotide changes are predicted to have regulatory effects on RHD splicing.
Novel Cholix Toxin Variants, ADP-Ribosylating Toxins in Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Strains, and Their Pathogenicity
Authors: Awasthi Sharda Prasad , Asakura Masahiro , Chowdhury Nityananda , Neogi Sucharit Basu , Hinenoya Atsushi , Golbar Hossain M. , Yamate Jyoji , Arakawa Eiji , Tada Toshiji , Ramamurthy T. , Yamasaki Shinji 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Cholix toxin (ChxA) is a recently discovered exotoxin in
Vibrio cholerae
which has been characterized as a third member of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins, in addition to exotoxin A of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and diphtheria toxin of
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
. These toxins consist of three characteristic domains for receptor binding, translocation, and catalysis. However, there is little information about the prevalence of
chxA
and its genetic variations and pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, we screened the
chxA
gene in a large number (
n
= 765) of
V. cholerae
strains and observed its presence exclusively in non-O1/non-O139 strains (27.0%; 53 of 196) and not in O1 (
n
= 485) or O139 (
n
= 84). Sequencing of these 53
chxA
genes generated 29 subtypes which were grouped into three clusters designated
chxA
I,
chxA
II, and
chxA
III.
chxA
I belongs to the prototype, while
chxA
II and
chxA
III are newly discovered variants. ChxA II and ChxA III had unique receptor binding and catalytic domains, respectively, in comparison to ChxA I. Recombinant ChxA I (rChxA I) and rChxA II but not rChxA III showed variable cytotoxic effects on different eukaryotic cells. Although rChxA II was more lethal to mice than rChxA I when injected intravenously, no enterotoxicity of any rChxA was observed in a rabbit ileal loop test. Hepatocytes showed coagulation necrosis in rChxA I- or rChxA II-treated mice, seemingly the major target for ChxA. The present study illustrates the potential of ChxA as an important virulence factor in non-O1/non-O139
V. cholerae
, which may be associated with extraintestinal infections rather than enterotoxicity.
The provenance of Middle Jurassic sandstones in the Scotian Basin: petrographic evidence of passive margin tectonics 1This article is one of a series of papers published in this CJES Special Issue on the theme of Mesozoic–Cenozoic geology of the Scotian Basin. 2Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20110319.
Authors: Li Gang , Pe-Piper Georgia , Piper David J.W. 
Published: December 2012

The tectonic and geomorphological evolution of the Scotian margin and its hinterland is poorly known between Late Triassic rifting and the Early Cretaceous progradation of major deltas. This study determined sedimentary provenance of Middle Jurassic Mohican Formation sandstones from three wells using heavy minerals and mineral chemistry. Indicator minerals such as xenotime, altered ilmenite, and varietal types of garnet and tourmaline are similar to those in Hauterivian–Barremian sandstones in the western Scotian Basin, which are almost exclusively derived from the Meguma terrane. The wells adjacent to the Canso Ridge have more zircon and less ilmenite, indicating a greater contribution of polycyclic reworking, but with an ultimate source in the Meguma terrane. Zircon and ilmenite were likely derived in part from Carboniferous sandstones in eastern mainland Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island. Any river drainage from the inboard terranes of the Appalachians either was diverted through the Fundy Basin or entered the easternmost Scotian Basin, where the Mohican Formation is 5.5 km thick, along the linear continuation of the southwest Grand Banks transform. Such sediment did not reach the Canso Ridge, suggesting that the Cobequid–Chedabucto fault zone in Orpheus graben was not a significant physiographic feature. This tectonically controlled paleogeography in the Middle Jurassic is quite different from that during active rifting in the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic. Middle Jurassic quiescence was followed in the Tithonian – Early Cretaceous by renewed tectonic uplift associated with rifting of Grand Banks from Iberia and Labrador from Greenland.
The distribution of phytoplankton along trophic gradients and its mediation by available light in the pelagic zone of large eutrophic lakes
Authors: Zhang Min , Yu Yang , Yang Zhen , Shi Xiaoli , Kong Fanxiang 
Published: December 2012

We describe the pattern and the principal factors affecting the phytoplankton biomass–nutrient relationship in the pelagic zone of large lakes. The results showed that the phytoplankton abundance and biomass of Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta, and Pyrrophyta were significantly correlated with trophic states. The total phosphorus (TP)–biomass relationship curves showed that the increment of biomass with TP is weak at high TP levels. The decrease in biomass at the high end of the curves might be a synthesis of the pattern of responses of the major taxonomic groups (except cyanobacteria) to environmental variables. Light limitation might be one of the important factors causing the decrease in the TP–biomass curve at high TP concentrations. If the mean underwater available light is lower than ∼250 µmol photons·m–2·s–1, clear-water species decline and cyanobacteria become dominant. The responses to available light of these key species play a central role in modulating the biomass–nutrient relationship. Our results contribute to the understanding of this relationship in the pelagic zone of large eutrophic lakes and have important practical implications for lake management.
Sea Surface Temperature–Precipitation Relationship in Different Reanalyses
Authors: Kumar Arun , Zhang Li , Wang Wanqiu 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The focus of this investigation is how the relationship at intraseasonal time scales between sea surface temperature and precipitation (SST–P) varies among different reanalyses. The motivation for this work was spurred by a recent report that documented that the SST–P relationship in Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was much closer to that in the observation than it was for the older generation of reanalyses [i.e., NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (R1) and NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis (R2)]. Further, the reason was attributed either to the fact that the CFSR is a partially coupled reanalysis, while R1 and R2 are atmospheric-alone reanalyses, or that R1 and R2 use the observed weekly-averaged SST.
The authors repeated the comparison of the SST–P relationship among R1, R2, and CFSR, as well as two recent generations of atmosphere-alone reanalyses, the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim). The results clearly demonstrate that the differences in the SST–P relationship at intraseasonal time scales across different reanalyses are not due to whether the reanalysis system is coupled or atmosphere alone, but are due to the specification of different SSTs. The SST–P relationship in different reanalyses, when computed against a single SST for the benchmark, demonstrates a relationship that is common across all of the reanalyses and observations.
Ensemble Data Assimilation to Characterize Surface-Layer Errors in Numerical Weather Prediction Models
Authors: Hacker J. P. , Angevine W. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractExperiments with the single-column implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model provide a basis for deducing land–atmosphere coupling errors in the model. Coupling occurs both through heat and moisture fluxes through the land–atmosphere interface and roughness sublayer, and turbulent heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes through the atmospheric surface layer. This work primarily addresses the turbulent fluxes, which are parameterized following the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory applied to the atmospheric surface layer. By combining ensemble data assimilation and parameter estimation, the model error can be characterized. Ensemble data assimilation of 2-m temperature and water vapor mixing ratio, and 10-m wind components, forces the model to follow observations during a month-long simulation for a column over the well-instrumented Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Central Facility near Lamont, Oklahoma. One-hour errors in predicted observations are systematically small but nonzero, and the systematic errors measure bias as a function of local time of day. Analysis increments for state elements nearby (15 m AGL) can be too small or have the wrong sign, indicating systematically biased covariances and model error. Experiments using the ensemble filter to objectively estimate a parameter controlling the thermal land–atmosphere coupling show that the parameter adapts to offset the model errors, but that the errors cannot be eliminated. Results suggest either structural errors or further parametric errors that may be difficult to estimate. Experiments omitting atypical observations such as soil and flux measurements lead to qualitatively similar deductions, showing the potential for assimilating common in situ observations as an inexpensive framework for deducing and isolating model errors.
Early Adoption of Climate Information: Lessons Learned from South Florida Water Resource Management
Authors: Bolson Jessica , Broad Kenneth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSeasonal climate forecasting skill has improved over the past decades, accompanied by expectations that these forecasts, along with other climate information, will be increasingly used by water managers in certain regions of the United States. Most research efforts focus on why adoption does not occur; however, the important question of why adoption does occur has received little attention. Barriers to the use of climate information by this sector frequently identified include risk aversion, institutional constraints, and low forecast reliability. Relatively fewer researchers have focused on the identification and analysis of cases of adoption of climate information in the water management sector. Relying upon the results from observations and semistructured interviews conducted between 2006 and 2010 in South Florida, this research identifies the characteristics that enabled the early adoption of climate information by the South Florida Water Management District, one of the largest water management organizations in the United States. The findings herein are analyzed in relation to existing theories on technology transfer and innovation diffusion. Lessons from this specific case are situated in the context of the broader U.S. water management landscape. The research finds that the existence of in-house climate expertise, innovative agency culture, social networks linking water and climate science researchers, and serendipitous policy windows were critical factors enabling adoption. Additionally, models and information, including a long-range hydrologic model and a national government–issued seasonal climate forecast were readily available and could be incorporated into preexisting and trusted decision-support tools. Implications for climate services in the U.S. water sector are discussed.
Assessing Professionalism
Authors: Hughes Adam G. , Teodoro Manuel P. 
Published: December 2012

Professional organizations now accredit state and local agencies across several fields. This article investigates the attitudes of street-level bureaucrats toward their agencies and the tasks required of them in accredited and nonaccredited agencies. If accreditation changes bureaucratic attitudes in ways that build a sense of mission or shape functional preferences, it could lead to more effective public service delivery. The empirical subjects of this study are American municipal police departments and the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEAs). Analysis of quasi-experimental data from a survey of officers suggests that accreditation helps build a sense of mission at the street level but finds little evidence of an effect on functional preferences.
The logical structure of the service-dominant logic of marketing
Authors: Williams John 
Published: December 2012

The Service-dominant (S-D) logic of marketing is currently comprised of ten foundational premises (FPs). The original statements of eight FPs have since been reworded and two additional FPs have been added. The proposers of S-D logic, Steven Vargo and Robert Lusch, have stated that S-D logic is neither complete nor owned by them: it is ‘Open Source’. However, despite the many articles that have been published on S-D logic, it seems that many scholars do not fully understand the fundamental ideas that underpin the logic. In particular, perusal of the FPs leaves many scholars confused. This is probably for two reasons: (1) the ideas are unfamiliar; (2) there are so many of them. Hence the purposes of this paper are to explain briefly the unfamiliar ideas, and, more importantly, to reduce the complexity of S-D logic by explicitly analysing the ontological content of the FPs and the logical structure of relationships between the FPs, as premises (or axioms) and conclusions or corollaries. The outcome of this analysis is that the core, essential, FPs are identified, as well as some gaps. In particular it seems clear that only two of the FPs are fundamental, or axiomatic: that service is the fundamental basis of exchange, and that value is co-created (by beneficiary and service-provider)
Bupivacaine-induced apoptosis independently of WDR35 expression in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells
Authors: Harato Misako , Huang Lei , Kondo Fumio , Tsunekawa Koji , Feng Guo-Gang , Fan Jun-Hua , Ishikawa Naohisa , Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Okada Shoshiro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundBupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity has been shown to occur through apoptosis. Recently, bupivacaine was shown to elicit reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce apoptosis accompanied by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a human neuroblastoma cell line. We have reported that WDR35, a WD40-repeat protein, may mediate apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. The present study was undertaken to test whether bupivacaine induces apoptosis in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells and to determine whether ROS, p38 MAPK, and WDR35 are involved.ResultsOur results showed that bupivacaine induced ROS generation and p38 MAPK activation in Neuro2a cells, resulting in apoptosis. Bupivacaine also increased WDR35 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) also increased WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells. Antioxidant (EUK-8) and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) treatment attenuated the increase in caspase-3 activity, cell death and WDR35 expression induced by bupivacaine or H2O2. Although transfection of Neuro2a cells with WDR35 siRNA attenuated the bupivacaine- or H2O2-induced increase in expression of WDR35 mRNA and protein, in contrast to our previous studies, it did not inhibit the increase in caspase-3 activity in bupivacaine- or H2O2-treated cells.ConclusionsIn summary, our results indicated that bupivacaine induced apoptosis in Neuro2a cells. Bupivacaine induced ROS generation and p38 MAPK activation, resulting in an increase in WDR35 expression, in these cells. However, the increase in WDR35 expression may not be essential for the bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in Neuro2a cells. These results may suggest the existence of another mechanism of bupivacaine-induced apoptosis independent from WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells.
Prediction of lung cancer risk in a Chinese population using a multifactorial genetic model
Authors: Li Huan , Yang Lixin , Zhao Xueying , Wang Jiucun , Qian Ji , Chen Hongyan , Fan Weiwei , Liu Hongcheng , Jin Li , Wang Weimin , Lu Daru 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer is a complex polygenic disease. Although recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified multiple susceptibility loci for lung cancer, most of these variants have not been validated in a Chinese population. In this study, we investigated whether a genetic risk score combining multiple.

Methods
Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in previous GWA or large cohort studies were genotyped in 5068 Chinese case–control subjects. The genetic risk score (GRS) based on these SNPs was estimated by two approaches: a simple risk alleles count (cGRS) and a weighted (wGRS) method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) in combination with the bootstrap resampling method was used to assess the predictive performance of the genetic risk score for lung cancer.

Results
Four independent SNPs (rs2736100, rs402710, rs4488809 and rs4083914), were found to be associated with a risk of lung cancer. The wGRS based on these four SNPs was a better predictor than cGRS. Using a liability threshold model, we estimated that these four SNPs accounted for only 4.02% of genetic variance in lung cancer. Smoking history contributed significantly to lung cancer (P < 0.001) risk [AUC = 0.619 (0.603-0.634)], and incorporated with wGRS gave an AUC value of 0.639 (0.621-0.652) after adjustment for over-fitting. This model shows promise for assessing lung cancer risk in a Chinese population.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that although genetic variants related to lung cancer only added moderate discriminatory accuracy, it still improved the predictive ability of the assessment model in Chinese population.
Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma presenting with dense spindle stroma cells: a potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Lin Xu-Yong , Wang Yan , Fan Chui-Feng , Liu Yang , Yu Juan-Han , Dai Shun-Dong , Wang Liang , Wang En-Hua 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH) is an uncommon pulmonary tumor. Histologically, PSH typically consists of two types of cells, surface cuboidal cells and polygonal cells, four architectural patterns including papillary, sclerotic, solid, and hemorrhagic. Herein, we present a case of PSH in a 59-year-old Chinese female. The tumor was predominantly composed of solid area presenting with diffuse spindle cells rather than polygonal cells. Focally, classical papillary and sclerotic area could be seen. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the spindle cells were positive for TTF-1, EMA, Actin(SM) and Vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin, cytokeratin7, cytokeratin5/6, surfactant apoprotein A, surfactant apoprotein B, CD34, CD99, S-100, HMB45, Desmin, Synaptophysin, CD56, ALK and Calretinin. The immunophenotype of the dense spindle cells in this case was similar to that of the polygonal cells, and thus the spindle cells may be the variants of polygonal cells. Based on morphologic features and the immunohistochemical profile, the tumor was diagnosed as a PSH. The significance of spindle cells change is unclear for us. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PSH showing dense spindle cells in solid area. This case represents a potential diagnostic pitfall, as it may be misdiagnosed as a mesenchymal tumor such as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, synovial sarcoma, solitary fibrous tumor, leiomyoma, or even mesothelioma, especially if the specimen is limited or from fine- needle aspiration.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1235401622806126