bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Meth)acrylate liquid crystalline polymers for membrane applications
Authors: Rabie Feras , Sedlakova Zdenka , Sheth Swapnil , Marand Eva , Martin Stephen M. , Poláková Lenka 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSynthesis and characterization of a series of linear copolymers with liquid crystalline side chains is reported. Methacrylate monomers containing cyanobiphenyl as a mesogenic group were prepared. These monomers were then copolymerized with 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate in varying molar ratios. The structure and composition of the monomers and corresponding polymers were determined by 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis and size‐exclusion chromatography. Thermal properties of the polymers were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and X‐ray scattering techniques. Increasing mesogen content resulted in an increase of the glass transition temperature of the copolymers. In addition, above a threshold mesogen content the copolymers exhibited smectic mesophases. Using a solution casting technique, a membrane was fabricated to study single gas transport behaviors. Permeabilities, were in the order of CO2 > propylene > O2 > N2 > CH4 > propane. Diffusion coefficients correlated well to Lenard–Jones Diameter. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42694.
The Roman City of Altinum, Venice Lagoon, from Remote Sensing and Geophysical Prospection
Authors: Mozzi Paolo , Fontana Alessandro , Ferrarese Francesco , Ninfo Andrea , Campana Stefano , Francese Roberto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGeophysical prospection on 14 ha integrates the processing and interpretation of vertical multispectral and oblique aerial images for uncovering the archaeology of the Roman city of Altinum. This Iron Age and Roman harbour city was completely abandoned in the early Middle Ages, when people moved to nearby lagoon islands, and so the site is particularly fit for the application of non‐invasive techniques. Primary aims of the research were to test the interpretation of archaeological structures in the city centre, estimate their degree of preservation in the subsoil, and update previous knowledge on the urban landscape. Target areas were identified first through remote sensing with later magnetic gradiometer mapping of the consular road (via Annia) and its adjoining streets, foundations of large buildings, theatres, temple and forum, a main canal with possible boatyard/storing place and workshops. Multi‐electrode automatic resistivity profile produced a very detailed survey of the little theatre (odeon) and basilica. The ground‐penetrating radar traced the city walls, while frequency‐domain electromagnetics mapped the street pattern.Buried archaeological structures were located with an estimated error < 0.5 m. Floors and foundations of Roman buildings and infrastructures appear to be preserved between 0.5 and 2 m depth. They probably relate to a re‐organization of the city, which occurred between the second half of the second century and the end of the first century BC, having via Annia and the forum as the main city axis, and incorporating few elements of the Iron Age settlement, such as the canal and city boundary. Eight city districts could be recognized, each one showing prevalent public, residential and other productive functions. In the ancient past the monumental buildings of the city were potentially visible from ships in the Adriatic Sea, and could act as nautical signals of the entrance to the lagoon along this low and otherwise monotonous coast. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Longitudinal Biomarker for the Extent of Skin Disease in Patients With Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Rice Lisa M. , Ziemek Jessica , Stratton Eric A. , McLaughlin Sarah R. , Padilla Cristina M. , Mathes Allison L. , Christmann Romy B. , Stifano Giuseppina , Browning Jeffrey L. , Whitfield Michael L. , Spiera Robert F. , Gordon Jessica K. , Simms Robert W. , Zhang Yuqing , Lafyatis Robert 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo define a pharmacodynamic biomarker based on gene expression in skin that would provide a biologic measure of the extent of disease in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) and could be used to monitor skin disease longitudinally.MethodsSkin biopsy specimens obtained from a cohort of patients with dcSSc (including longitudinal specimens) were analyzed by microarray. Expression of genes correlating with the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS) were examined for change over time using a NanoString platform, and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to define and validate longitudinally measured pharmacodynamic biomarkers composed of multiple genes.ResultsMicroarray analysis of genes parsed to include only those correlating with the MRSS revealed prominent clusters of profibrotic/transforming growth factor β–regulated, interferon‐regulated/proteasome, macrophage, and vascular marker genes. Using genes changing longitudinally with the MRSS, we defined 2 multigene pharmacodynamic biomarkers. The first was defined mathematically by applying a GEE to longitudinal samples. This modeling method selected cross‐sectional THBS1 and longitudinal THBS1 and MS4A4A. The second model was based on a weighted selection of genes, including additional genes that changed statistically significantly over time: CTGF, CD163, CCL2, and WIF1. In an independent validation data set, biomarker levels calculated using both models correlated highly with the MRSS.ConclusionSkin gene expression can be used effectively to monitor changes in SSc skin disease over time. We implemented 2 relatively simple models on a NanoString platform permitting highly reproducible assays that can be applied directly to samples from patients or collected as part of clinical trials.
Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Skin Gene Expression Patterns in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Assassi Shervin , Swindell William R. , Wu Minghua , Tan Filemon D. , Khanna Dinesh , Furst Daniel E. , Tashkin Donald P. , Jahan‐Tigh Richard R. , Mayes Maureen D. , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Chang Jeffrey T. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the heterogeneity of global transcriptome patterns in systemic sclerosis (SSc) skin in a large sample of patients with SSc and control subjects.MethodsSkin biopsy specimens obtained from 61 patients enrolled in the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study (GENISOS) cohort and 36 unaffected control subjects with a similar demographic background were examined by Illumina HumanHT‐12 bead arrays. Followup experiments using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis were also performed.ResultsWe identified 2,754 differentially expressed transcripts in SSc patients compared with controls. Clustering analysis revealed 2 prominent transcriptomes in SSc patients: the keratin and fibroinflammatory signatures. Higher keratin transcript scores were associated with shorter disease duration and interstitial lung disease, while higher fibroinflammatory scores were associated with diffuse cutaneous involvement, a higher skin score at the biopsy site, and a higher modified Rodnan skin thickness score. A subgroup of patients with significantly longer disease duration had a normal‐like transcript pattern. Analysis of cell type–specific signature scores revealed remarkable heterogeneity across patients. Significantly higher scores were calculated for fibroblasts (72% of patients), microvascular cells (61%), macrophages (54%), and dendritic cells (DCs) (49%). The majority of samples with significantly higher fibroblast scores (35 of 44 [80%]) had significantly increased macrophage and/or DC scores. Further analysis and immunohistochemical staining indicated that the keratin signature was not a general marker of keratinocyte activation but was in fact associated with an activation pattern in hair and adnexal structures.ConclusionProminent fibroinflammatory and keratin signatures are present in SSc skin. Expression profiles of SSc skin show significant heterogeneity, and this finding might be useful for stratifying patients for targeted therapies or predicting the response to immunosuppression.
Tridentate Complexes of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Bearing bis‐Aryloxide Triazole Ligands: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Dahm Georges , Borré Etienne , Fu Changkan , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Mauro Matteo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA novel class of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes bearing tridentate bis‐aryloxide triazole ligands was prepared by using straightforward and high‐yielding synthetic routes. The complexes were fully characterized and the molecular structures of four derivatives were unambigously determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometric analyses. For the most promising luminescent PtII derivatives, further experimental investigations were carried out to characterize their photophysical features and to ascertain the nature of the emitting excited state by means of electronic absorption, steady‐state, and time‐resolved emission techniques in different conditions. In degassed fluid solution the complexes displayed broad and featureless photoluminescence with λem=522–585 nm, excited‐state lifetime up to few microseconds and quantum yield (PLQY) up to 17 %, depending on the nature of both ancillary ligand and substituent on the tridentate ligand. Computational investigation using density functional theory and time‐dependent DFT were performed to gain insight into the electronic processes responsible for optical transitions and structure–photoluminescence relationship. Jointly, experimental and theoretical characterization indicated that the radiative transition arises from an excited state with admixed triplet‐manifold metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer and ligand‐centered (3MLCT/3LC) character. We elucidated the modulation of the photophysical properties upon variation of substituents for this new family of complexes.
Overexpression of methionine adenosyltransferase in Corynebacterium glutamicum for production of S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine
Authors: Han Guoqiang , Hu Xiaoqing , Wang Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo genes encoding methionine adenosyltransferase, SAM2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and metK from Corynebacterium glutamicum, were individually cloned into pDXW‐8, the shuttle vector between Escherichia coli and C. glutamicum, and overexpressed in E. coli DH5α and C. glutamicum ATCC13032. In DH5α, both genes were overexpressed and their protein products showed the activity of methionine adenosyltransferase. In ATCC13032, metK was overexpressed, its product MetK showed the enzyme activity and could convert l‐methionine to S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM). However, when SAM2 was overexpressed in ATCC13032, neither the enzyme activity nor the conversion of SAM from l‐methionine was observed. Reverse transcription PCR analysis and SDS‐PAGE showed that SAM2 was transcribed but not translated in C. glutamicum. Therefore, SAM2‐C, a mutant SAM2, was constructed by codon optimization, and overexpressed in ATCC13032; it was well transcribed and translated, and could convert l‐methionine to SAM. Finally, SAM2‐C and metK were individually overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), and their products SAM2‐C and MetK were purified and characterized. The optimum activity for both enzymes was found at pH 8.5 and 35 °C; SAM2‐C and MetK have similar Km for ATP, but quite different Km for l‐methionine. These results suggest that SAM2‐C and MetK can be useful for developing C. glutamicum to produce SAM.
Hydroabrasionsbeanspruchung von Verkehrswasserbauwerken
Authors: Spörel Frank , Helbig Ulf , Westendarp Andreas , Stamm Jürgen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIm Bereich des Verkehrswasserbaus werden Betonoberflächen durch Hydroabrasion in unterschiedlicher Intensität beansprucht (z. B. Tosbecken, Wehrrücken). Eine Beschreibung der Einwirkung bei und des Betonwiderstandes gegenüber Hydroabrasion ist im derzeitigen Regelwerk der EN 206‐1 bzw. EN 206 nicht und im nationalen Anwendungsdokument zur EN 206‐1, der DIN 1045‐2, nur ansatzweise enthalten. Das wasserbauspezifische Regelwerk der ZTV‐W LB 215 für den Neubau bzw. LB 219 für die Instandsetzung greift derzeit im Wesentlichen auf die Regelungen der DIN 1045‐2 zu den XM‐Klassen zurück. Bei der Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (BAW) in Karlsruhe wird im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens in Zusammenarbeit mit Forschungseinrichtungen das Ziel verfolgt, diese Regelungen für Betonausgangsstoffe, Betonzusammensetzungen und Betoneigenschaften zur Sicherstellung eines hinreichenden Widerstandes gegenüber Hydroabrasion zu verifizieren. Bestandteil dessen ist die Erarbeitung einer Klassifizierung analog zur Expositionsklassensystematik der DIN 1045‐2 für die Hydroabrasionsbeanspruchung. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die aktuellen Aktivitäten zur Beschreibung der Einwirkung durch Hydroabrasion dar.Hydroabrasive exposure of hydraulic structuresIn the field of waterways engineering concrete surfaces are exposed to hydroabrasion in different intensity (e. g. stilling basin, weir body). A description of the exposure to and the concrete's resistance against hydroabrasion is not included in the current European standard EN 206‐1 respectively EN 206. In the German National Application Document (DIN 1045‐2) used with EN 206‐1 it is only considered rudimentarily. The specific regulations for hydraulic engineering regarding construction (ZTV‐W LB 215) and repair (ZTV‐W LB 219) refer to the regulations of DIN 1045‐2 for exposure of concrete to wear (XM). A research project of the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute in Karlsruhe, in collaboration with different research institutes, pursuits to verify these regulations for concrete constituent materials, concrete mix design and concrete properties to assure a sufficient resistance of the concrete against hydroabrasion. The formulation of a classification in line with the system of exposure classes for concrete exposed to wear according to DIN 1045‐2 is an integral part of this project. The following contribution presents the current activities to characterise the exposure to hydroabrasion.
Neubau der Rugenberger Schleuse
Authors: Schmidt Gerhard , Kling Caroline , Feindt Frank 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDie Rugenberger Schleuse stellt für die Kleinschifffahrt eine wichtige Verbindung zwischen den Hafengebieten östlich und westlich des Köhlbrands dar. Mit rund 22000 Schiffspassagen jährlich erfolgen 24 % aller Schiffsbewegungen an diesem Wasserstraßenknoten. Durch ihre Lage entlastet die Schleuse die Großschifffahrt in den Hauptfahrwassern.Der Rugenberger Damm, welcher über die Schleuse hinweg verläuft, stellt die zweite Verbindung zum Containerterminal Buchardkai dar. In Zukunft soll dessen Kapazität erhöht werden, sodass diese Verbindung an Bedeutung zunimmt.Die ehemalige Rugenberger Schleuse war knapp 100 Jahre alt und eine Sanierung unwirtschaftlich. Im Juli 2012 begann die Hamburg Port Authority daher mit dem Neubau der Schleuse. Die Inbetriebnahme wird im Herbst 2015 erfolgen.Die Nordkammer wird einschließlich sämtlicher betrieblicher Einrichtungen neu hergestellt. Die Straßenbrücke über die neue Schleuse wird ebenfalls neu errichtet. Die Südkammer wird außer Betrieb genommen, teilweise abgebrochen und verfüllt. Das ehemalige Hochwasserschutztor entfällt und der bestehende Hochwasserschutz wird barrierefrei in das nördliche Brückenwiderlager integriert.Die neue nutzbare Schleusenkammerlänge beträgt 110 m und deren Breite 18 m. Die Sohle liegt bei NN –4,50 m.Die neue Rugenberger Schleuse stellt durch die Erhaltung des Wasserwegs und der Straßenbrücke im Zuge des Rugenberger Damms eine leistungsfähige Verkehrsanbindung für die Hafenbetriebe dar.Reconstruction of the Rugenberg LockThe Rugenberg Lock is an important shipping connection between the eastern and western harbor parts of the Köhlbrand. With 22000 locking events p. a. approx. 24 % of all ship movements take place in this lock. It regulates the currents and reduces the traffic within the main shipping channels.The Rugenberg Damm, which runs across the lock, represents the second connection to the Container Terminal Burchardkai. The accessibility will be improved as well as the capacity of the terminal increased.The previous Rugenberg Lock was almost 100 years old and a refurbishment inefficient. The reconstruction of the lock began in 2012 and it will be completed by the end of 2015.The northern chamber is being reconstructed including all operational facilities. The bridge crossing the lock will also be newly erected. The southern chamber will be partially demolished and filled‐up. The flood protection will be integrated barrier‐free into the northern abutment.The usable length of the lock chamber will be 110 m, and the width 18 m.By maintaining the shipping connection the new Rugenberg Lock is indispensable in terms of traffic flow throughout the adjoining harbor areas.
Rheinkraftwerk Iffezheim – Neubau Maschine 5
Authors: Molck Michael , Göhl Christian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDas Rheinkraftwerk Iffezheim wurde im Anschluss an das bestehende Kraftwerk um die Maschine 5 erweitert. Als Besonderheit erfolgte die Errichtung des Bauwerks in einer steifenfreien Baugrube mit ovalem Grundriss unter den sehr beengten Platzverhältnissen zwischen dem bestehenden Kraftwerk und der bestehenden Fischaufstiegsanlage mit Dotierturbine. Hindernisse aus der Bauzeit der Bestandsanlage führten bei der Herstellung der Baugrube zu Störungen im Bauablauf und einer Verlängerung der geplanten Ausführungstermine. Zur Beschleunigung des Bauablaufs wurden die Abläufe zur Herstellung des Kraftwerkstiefbaus und der Beginn der Hauptmontage des Maschinenbaus nochmals optimiert. Die entwickelten Maßnahmen erforderten Änderungen am statischen Konzept zur Herstellung des Massivbauwerks und Interaktion mit der Baugrubenumschließung, wodurch sich wesentliche Auswirkungen auf die Tragwerksplanung ergaben. Die Erstellung und Prüfung der erforderlichen Berechnungen und Planungen erfolgte deshalb ausführungsbegleitend während der Bauherstellung der ersten Bauabschnitte und war damit äußerst terminkritisch. Durch den optimierten Bauablauf bei der Errichtung des Massivbauwerks konnte die entstandene Bauzeitverlängerung bei der Herstellung der Baugrubenumschließung schließlich zum Teil kompensiert werden.Rheinkraftwerk Iffezheim hydropower plant – Construction of a 5th turbine – Special challenges of structural engineering in the design phaseThe hydropower plant Iffezheim at the Rhine was extended by a 5th turbine adjacent to the existing structure. As a special feature the construction was build within an oval construction pit devoid of braces underneath the constricted space conditions between the existing power plant and fish pass with a weir turbine. Barriers from the building period of the existing plant led to disruptions when making the construction pit and caused delays in the scheduled construction time. In order to speed up the planned construction process the procedures of building the power plant underground construction and the start of the main installation of the machine construction were optimized again. The developed measures required changes on the static concept in making the solid construction and interaction with the construction pit, which had major effects on the structural planning. The preparation and inspection of the necessary calculations and planning took place during the project implementation of the first construction phases and was thus extremely critical to scheduling. Through the optimized construction process during the construction of the solid building it was possible to compensate partly for the occurred extensions of construction‐completion time eventually.
Festigkeits‐ und Verformungseigenschaften von Beton als Bewertungskriterien von AKR‐Performance‐Prüfungen
Authors: Mielich Oliver , Reinhardt Hans‐Wolf , Garrecht Harald , Giebson Colin , Seyfarth Katrin , Ludwig Horst‐Michael 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIm Rahmen des Bewerbungsverfahrens der Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart (MPA Universität Stuttgart) als zugelassener AKR‐Gutachter nach ARS 04/2013 [1] wurde ein breit angelegtes Untersuchungsprogramm an der MPA in Stuttgart und am Finger‐Institut (FIB) in Weimar durchgeführt. Im ersten Teil war es zunächst anhand von Vergleichsversuchen zu beurteilen, ob bei dem an der MPA Universität Stuttgart vorgesehenen Einsatz der FIB‐Klimawechsellagerung als AKR‐Performance‐Prüfung gleichlautende Aussagen bei der Beurteilung des AKR‐Schädigungspotenzials von Betonzusammensetzungen erreicht werden wie bei einer analogen Prüfung der Betonzusammensetzungen am FIB in Weimar. Dazu wurden Vergleichsversuche an insgesamt vier Betonzusammensetzungen sowohl unter Einwirkung von NaCl‐Lösung als auch unter Einwirkung von Wasser durchgeführt. Im zweiten Teil sollte an allen vier Betonzusammensetzungen die zeitliche Entwicklung der Festigkeits‐ und Verformungseigenschaften charakterisiert werden, um daraus Bewertungskriterien für AKR‐Performance‐Prüfungen ableiten zu können.Strength and deformation properties of concrete as evaluation criteria for ASR performance testsWithin the scope of the application procedure of the Materials Testing Institute University of Stuttgart (MPA University Stuttgart) as approved ASR consultant according to ARS 04/2013 [1] a comprehensive program of examinations was conducted at the MPA in Stuttgart and the Finger‐Institute (FIB) in Weimar. The first part of the examinations was about to evaluate whether the ASR potential of concrete compositions is evaluated consistently at the MPA University Stuttgart and the FIB in Weimar by using the FIB cyclic climate storage test method as ASR performance test. For that purpose, a round‐robin test with four different concrete compositions tested under exposure of water and NaCl solution respectively was done. The second part of the examinations was about to characterize the temporal development of the strength and deformation properties of the tested concretes to derive additional evaluation criteria for ASR performance tests.