bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DCNC: throughput maximization via delay controlled network coding for wireless mesh networks
Authors: Qu Yuben , Dong Chao , Chen Chen , Wang Hai , Tian Chang , Tang Shaojie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNetwork coding (NC) can greatly improve the performance of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) in terms of throughput and reliability, and so on. However, NC generally performs a batch‐based transmission scheme, the main drawback of this scheme is the inevitable increase in average packet delay, that is, a large batch size may achieve higher throughput but also induce larger average packet delay. In this work, we put our focus on the tradeoff between the average throughput and packet delay; in particular, our ultimate goal is to maximize the throughput for real‐time traffic under the premise of diversified and time‐varying delay requirements. To tackle this problem, we propose DCNC, a delay controlled network coding protocol, which can improve the throughput for real‐time traffic by dynamically controlling the delay in WMNs. To define an appropriate control foundation, we first build up a delay prediction model to capture the relationship between the average packet delay and the encoding batch size. Then, we design a novel freedom‐based feedback scheme to efficiently reflect the reception of receivers in a reliable way. Based on the predicted delay and current reception status, DCNC utilizes the continuous encoding batch size adjustment to control delay and further improve the throughput. Extensive simulations show that, when faced with the diversified and time‐varying delay requirements, DCNC can constantly fulfill the delay requirements, for example, achieving over 95% efficient packet delivery ratio (EPDR) in all instances under good channel quality, and also obtains higher throughput than the state‐of‐art protocol. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsteady flows with a zero acceleration on the free boundary
Authors: Karabut E. A. , Zhuravleva E. N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new approach to the construction of exact solutions of unsteady equations for plane flows of an ideal incompressible fluid with a free boundary is proposed. It is demonstrated that the problem is significantly simplified and reduces to solving the Hopf equation if the acceleration on the free surface is equal to zero. Some examples of exact solutions are given.
Lower Devonian ostracods from the Istanbul area, Western Pontides (NW Turkey): Gondwanan and peri-Gondwanan affinities
Authors: OLEMPSKA EWA , NAZİK ATİKE , ÇAPKINOĞLU ŞENOL , SAYDAM-DEMİRAY DİLEK GÜLNUR 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA Lower Devonian silicified ostracod fauna has been recovered from limestone interbeds in the Büyükdere section of the Kozyatağı Member of the Pendik Formation. Forty-one species belonging to 33 genera have been recognized. Twenty-three are already known, and 15 are described in open nomenclature. One genus and three species (Omerliella rectangulatagen. et sp. nov.,Microcheilinella istanbulensissp. nov. andRoundyella goekchenaesp. nov.) are described. Silicified larval stages of trilobites, agglutinated foraminifers and conodonts co-occur with the ostracods. The ostracod assemblages are ‘mixed faunas’, between the epineritic Eifelian Mega-Assemblage, representative of high-energy environments, and the basinal Thuringian Mega-Assemblage, representative of low-energy environments. The conodont faunas of the Pendik Formation represent theserotinus,patulusandpartitusbiozones of the late Emsian – earliest Eifelian. The Emsian ostracods of NW Turkey show numerous species-level links between the Western Pontides (Istanbul Terrane) and assemblages of contemporaneous faunas of the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain), Morocco and Thuringia (Germany), and of similar biofacies. This supports the notion that the Istanbul Terrane, Armorican terrane-collage and northern margins of Gondwana were in geographical proximity in late Early Devonian time.
DOES HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AFFECT POLICY-MAKING AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN SWEDEN?
Authors: Rosén Måns , Werkö Sophie 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze whether health technology assessment (HTA) reports published by SBU have influenced decisions, guidelines, clinical practice, or research priorities in Sweden.Methods: All twenty-six SBU reports between 2006 and 2010 were analyzed. For each project, we searched publications and documentation that reflected impact on decisions, guidelines, research or clinical practice. Written documentation, before–after surveys or register-based time series data were used when available. Based on a conceptual model and on the available evidence, we determined whether HTA reports had a high, moderate, or low impact.Results: HTA reports influenced comprehensive decisions to a high or moderate degree. In the case of fortifying flour with folic acid to a high degree. In ten cases, HTA reports were the primary source of clinical guidelines developed by the National Board of Health and Welfare (NBHW) or professional associations. In the cases of dyspepsia and gastro-esophageal reflux, as well as mild head injury, the HTA reports had a high impact on clinical practice. It was also obvious from this review that research had been initiated as a result of the knowledge gaps identified by HTA reports. In three cases, we had no adequate documentation, suggesting that the impact of the HTA report had been low.Conclusions: Many interrelated forces change practice, but the cases presented here indicate that HTA reports have had a high impact on clinical guidelines, as well as a moderate or high impact on comprehensive decisions, the initiation of research and changes in clinical practice.
Explaining Child Custody Determinations in Canada
Authors: Millar Paul , Goldenberg Sheldon 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMany earlier studies of Canadian child custody determinations have been written from ideological and feminist viewpoints. This study attempts to look at this subject from an empirical and sociological stance, within its historical context. Several related issues are considered, including the central issue of sexism, and the effects of legislation and case law on these determinations. Models of how custody cases settled by trial affect those negotiated outside the courtroom are explored. This study analyzes decades of Canadian child custody orders and other evidence to shed light on trends in judicial decision making and their causes.
Mythical Roots of Women's Impurity in the Laws of Leviticus: Gendered Mathematics of the Pure and Impure
Authors: Genest Olivette 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the biblical book of Leviticus, the whole life of the Hebrew people is codified under the aspect of purity and impurity, and the reintegration into purity. When read in the light of gender, these prescriptions show that women are twice as impure as men, while their monetary value is half. Using the semiotic approach developed by A. J. Greimas, this study shows that, beneath the religious discourse obscuring this valuation, is an equally gendered ideology. The source of this valuation is not the foundational events which engender mosaic law, but its roots are to be found in deeper mythical ground. For the condition of women to change, the issue of their impurity—inferiority must be treated at this level. A striking example illustrating this argument is the persistence of purification rites related to the menstrual cycle in modern Orthodox Judaism. Over the course of centuries, the code that contains them has become obsolete. Nevertheless, they remain in place through successive reinterpretations, which do not address the real reason for their existence.
Incarceration as a Gendering Strategy
Authors: Bertrand Marie-Andrée 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe State's resistance to making prison law agree with the Charter of Rights and bring women's carceral conditions closer to the male norm is illustrated in a recent comparative research on 24 prisons for women in eight advanced countries. If that conclusion was not unexpected, despite the fact that the countries and establishments had been selected for being progressive and very ‘humane’ ones, and notwithstanding the relentless claims presented by feminist groups and human rights advocates, what came as a surprise was that avant-garde initiatives like mixed prisons, mother-and-child units, well-equipped modern programs in women's prisons proved to be, if possible, more gendering in their actual effect than old traditional male arrangements. Using materialist feminism and discourse analysis to interpret her data, the author concludes that women's incarceration is a powerful gendering strategy and a form of appropriation of women by State's apparatuses to men's advantage.
Making Canada White: Law and the Policing of Bodies of Colour in the 1990s
Authors: Razack Sherene H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe 1990s inaugurated a new era of policing the border, one in which a variety of legislative initiatives were introduced to regulate more tightly the flow of immigrants and refugees to Canada. Border control is closely linked to the internal policing of people of colour, stigmatising and monitoring such bodies in ways that clearly establish their subordinate status in the nation. In this article, I reflect on the practices involved in the policing of the border through an exploration of how individuals participate in, and experience, these practices. Specifically, I describe my own experience of how an individual judge performed the role of the imperial patriarch in a trial of a racial minority woman lawyer charged with immigration fraud. I do not make an empirical claim that the case I explore demonstrates racism and little else. Rather, my central concern is to describe the everyday performance of domination as it occurs in this trial. I seek to illustrate the kinds of things individuals say and do when they engage in making Canada White through the law and to suggest that such individual performances, in this case of hegemonic masculinity, are part of a national story of belonging, a story in which people of colour are marked as degenerate and white subjects are the bearers of culture and civilization. In the second half of the paper, I demonstrate this national mythology as it is expressed by elites.
Sexual Orientation and Legal Discourse: Legal Constructions of the “Normal” Family
Authors: Beaman Lori G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLegal method, or the way in which legal claims are processed, is an integral component of the law's authority to include, exclude and deny claims and experiences. This paper explores the issue of sexual orientation and the legal construction of family as it emerges in the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada inEganv.Canada. The analysis includes a detailed consideration of the ways in which the Supreme Court of Canada incorporates assumptions about the nature of family life as a relevant factor in its assessment of the meaning of the word “spouse” under theOld Age Security Act. The process by which notions of the normal family become legitimized through legal discourse is deconstructed using the work of Mary Jane Mossman and Michel Foucault. Mossman develops an analytic framework which illuminates the ways in which legal method works to preserve the power of law and the illusion that law produces “truth.” Michel Foucault considers both the ways in which knowledge is produced as truth, and its integral links to power.
A Slub in tne Cloth:R.v.St. Clairand the Pursuit of a «Clean Theatre» in Toronto, 1912–13
Authors: Campbell Lindsay 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the 1912–13 case ofR.v.St. Clair, which concerned a Congregationalist minister's attempt to regulate the goings-on in a notorious burlesque theatre in Toronto. A “clean stage” was a goal of the moral reform movement of the time, and the criminal justice system was one of the avenues reformers took to attempt to achieve it. However, obscenity and indecency in theatres posed unique challenges. Two of the most important reasons were that under the influence of artistic and philosophical trends in the modern world, obscenity and indecency were becoming unstable concepts, and the nature, purpose and possibilities of art were being contested. TheSt. Claircase shows Toronto's legal apparatus grappling with these concerns at a time when the authority to judge and to decide what others might and might not view was slipping away from the Protestant churches and toward secular parties, including the courts. Ultimately the case suggests why the difficulties with censorship of verbal and visual representations may be an intractable dimension of our artistic, philosophical and legal position even now.
In Between and Out of Place: Racial Hybridity, Liquor, and the Law in Late 19thand Early 20thCentury British Columbia
Authors: Mawani Renisa 
Published: August 2014

RésuméCet article explore et interroge les angoisses coloniales que souleva la progéniture mixed, d'origine européenne et autochtone, chez les responsables gouvernementaux et religieux à la fin du XIXeet au début du XXesiècle en Colombie Britannique. M'appuyant sur des correspondances fédérales, provinciales et locales, des documents de missionnaires, des lois et des rapports judiciaires relatifs aux infractions provinciales et fédérales liées à l'alcool, j'analyse les débats social, juridique et politique entourant les gens d'origine mixed et leur «propre» place dans la province. Je soutiens que les peurs envahissants les concernant ne furent pas seulement symboliques ou métaphoriques mais profondément enracinés dans des craintes bien matérielles pour les terres. Ainsi, des autorités fédérales et provinciales arguaient que la mixité en Colombie Britannique minait leurs efforts d'approprier des terres autochtones et de bâtir dans la province une société de colons blancs «respectable». Pendant toute cette période, les «sang-mêlés» furent l'objet de regards coloniaux pénétrants, tant des administrateurs gouvernementaux que des missionnaires. Bien que les autorités eurent recours à une variété de techniques spatiales et légales pour gouverner les gens mixed, les prohibitions liées à l'alcool, fédérales et provinciales, furent au cœur de l'effort de les maintenir à leur place – ou plutôt «out of place».
Sex, Crime, Pathology: Homosexuality and Criminal Code Reform in Canada, 1949–1969
Authors: Kimmel David , Robinson Daniel J. 
Published: August 2014

RésuméCet article examine les processus légaux, politiques et sociaux qui ont abouti à la décriminalisation de l'homosexualité au Canada, en 1969. Même s'il explore l'activisme gai, les développements internationaux, la libéralisation des attitudes sociales, et les anomalies du code criminel de l'époque, l'article se concentre surtout sur la reconceptualisation de la vision juridico-pénale de l'homosexualité vers une conception médico-scientifique et sur l'impact de ce changement sur l'éventuelle décriminalisation. Dans ce cadre, une approche foucaldienne est employée pour illustrer de quelle façon l'évolution du discours psychiatrique sur l'homosexualité a affecté la compréhension sociale et légale de l'attraction entre personnes du même sexe, de la Deuxième guerre mondiale jusqu'aux années 1970. Alors que psychiatres et psychologues étendaient leur expertise à la zone des pratiques et des identités sexuelles, ils ont fourni aux réformateurs et aux parlementaires un cadre interprétatif de l'homosexualité dissocié de l'aspect criminel. Malgré sa légalisation partielle, en 1969, l'homosexualité demeura longtemps associée à une activité pathologique, nécessitant une présence «gouvernante» continue dans les chambres à coucher de la nation, et ce pendant plusieurs années.
Risk and Opportunity: Lessons from the Human Dignity and Social Exclusion Initiative for Trends in Social Policy
Authors: Duffy Katherine 
Published: August 2014

RésuméCet article offre d'abord une synthèse des résultats de recherches menées à l'initiative du Conseil de l'Europe dans la première phase du projet Dignité Humaine et Exclusion Sociale (DHES), puis une analyse des implications pour la politique sociale des quatre thèmes identifiés dans les conclusions du rapport. Ces quatre thèmes sont: (1) l'évolution du risque, (2) le rôle changeant de l'Etat par rapport au risque, (3) la convergence des approches de politique sociale en Europe et (4) le défi auquel les ONG qui défendent les moins privilégiés dans la société de risque sont confrontées. Ainsi, l'article utilise le cadre théorique du risque, de l'exclusion et les droits sociaux afin d'étudier les conséquences des orientations de politiques sociales sur la vie des plus démunis et pour discuter de stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion dans cet environnement en mutation, identifié par le rapport DHES.
Queering Law: Not by Vriend
Authors: Gotell Lise 
Published: August 2014

RésuméCet article explore l'impact juridique et discursif de R. c. Vriend (1998), la première décision de la Cour suprême canadienne clairement en faveur des droits des gays. Sans mettre en cause la victoire que constitue l'arrêt Vriend, il interroge le raisonnement de la Cour. Il adopte la perspective déconstructiviste de la théorie queer pour révéler le rôle du droit dans la création d'une catégorie ‘gaie/lesbienne’ aux frontières rigides et soulever la question de son influence durable sur le plan du discours. En s'appuyant sur des catégories fermées de l'identité sexuelle, l'encadrement juridique libéral de ‘l'orientation sexuelle’ dans Vriend renforce une hétérosexualité normative et préfère traiter des plaintes qui reflètent la réfraction légale de luttes contre l'homophobie en tant que demandes de droits de minorités. Le texte suggère une relation productive entre le droit et les acquis de la théorie et des politiques queer et offre quelques réflexions sur le projet de ‘queering law’.
What Were They Thinking? The Development of Child Support Guidelines in Canada
Authors: Millar Paul , Gauthier Anne H. 
Published: August 2014

RésuméAu début des années 1990, le Canada a débuté un exercice destiné à accroître les montants des pensions alimentaires pour enfants – pensions qui sont payées par le parent n'ayant pas la charge des enfants – afin de réduire les taux de pauvreté chez les enfants. En 1997, après plusieurs années d'étude et de coordination entre les gouvernements fédéral, provinciaux et territoriaux, le Parlement a adopté les lignes directrices qui lient les montants des pensions alimentaires au revenu du parent n'ayant pas la charge des enfants. Ce papier examine le développement historique des lignes directrices, et les hypothèses qui sont à leur base. Les buts initiaux des lignes directrices sont comparés aux résultats obtenus de façon à fournir des directions pour de prochains ajustements et réforme politique.
Judicial Justification of Recent Developments in Aboriginal Law
Authors: Christie Gordon 
Published: August 2014

RésuméPendant les dernières décennies, la Cour suprême du Canada a élaboré les conséquences de la constitutionalisation des droits autochtones. La jurisprudence a d'abord adopté une approche fondée sur les droits envers leur protection, les mettant dans une large mesure à l'abri d'intrusions législatives. Dans des décisions plus récentes toutefois, la Cour suprême à considérablement réduit le degré de protection dont ces droits jouissent. Elle a développe un ensemble de principes généraux sur la justification de l'activisme judiciaire, des principes qui s'appuient ultimement sur une vision du Canada comme démocratie constitutionnelle et le rôle du judiciaire dans une telle structure démocratique. L'article analyse les voies qui s'ouvrent à la Cour pour déployer les principes et la vision dont ils émanent, afin de justifier son activisme récent dans le domaine des droits des Autochtones
Still “Law” and Still “Learning”? Quel «droit» et quel «savoir?»
Authors: Macdonald Roderick A. 
Published: August 2014

The fact that we are celebrating the 20thanniversary of the Report of the SSHRC Consultative Group on Research and Education in Law and that the event is cast as a celebration of the Arthurs Report signals two key features of legal research and legal education in Canada today.To begin, it tells us that, at least in certain scholarly circles, theReporthas had an impact. That impact can be seen both in the mirror of the past, and in the lens of the present. Looking backwards, the early success of this Association and the founding of its review - theCanadian Journal of Law and Society– attest to the immediate galvanic effect of theReport; its continuing influence is manifest, notably, in the decision of the SSHRC last year to create a separate adjudication panel for law and society research. Between these salient bookends, one observes that theReporthas been called in aid of numerous projects, programmes and initiatives. Let me mention only two (with which I had some prior association) that took on a relatively permanent institutional form: the Law and Society (later Law and the Determinants of Social Order) Programme of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research that flourished between 1986 and 1996; and the re-establishment in 1997 of a multi-disciplinary federal law reform agency – the Law Commission of Canada – that was charged with pursuing a law and society research mandate.
“One Young and the Other Old”—Halakhah and Aggadah as Law and Story
Authors: Almog Shulamit 
Published: August 2014

RésuméL'étude des rapports entre la Halakhah (loi hébraïque) et l'Aggadah (légende juive intéresse nombre de disciplines s'occupant du droit en tant que pratique culturelle et (particulièrement le champ de droit et littérature. Cet article propose comme cadre d'analyse le paradigme en deux phases de la littérature accompagnant le droit. Dans cette perspective, on considère dans un premier temps les limites sinon les défauts du droit, pour ensuite tenter de les affronter efficacement et d'atteindre la vérité et la justice au sein de réalités difficiles. La combinaison de la Halakhah et de l'Aggadah reflète ce paradigme de la littérature accompagnant le droit en ce qu'elle crée un modèle d'interprétation dynamique dérivé d'un canon qui est «à la fois scellé et ouvert » et d'un large recours à la narration. La juxtaposition de la Halakhah et de l'Aggadah crée un vrai équilibre qui, tout en demeurant conscient de la faiblesse du droit, en réaffirme continuellement le souffle vital, caractérisé par des échecs et des déceptions tout autant que par des avancées et de l'imagination.
Legal Evasion: The Strategies ot Rural-Urban Migrants to Survive in Beijing
Authors: He Xin Frank 
Published: August 2014

RésuméLa municipalité de Pékin de la République populaire de Chine a adopté une série de lois et règlements discriminatoires pour réguler de manière systématique et légale le nombre croissant de migrants ruraux vers la ville. Ces dispositions se concentrent sur la mise en œuvre de permis individuels d'affaires. À partir de données d'enquête sur le terrain, cet article montre comment des migrants, un groupe social lourdement défavorisé et marginalisé, ont renoncé à la légalité et créé des stratégies pour faire face à la législation discriminatoire. Ces stratégies vont de l'évitement du droit, notamment avec la complicité d'entreprises locales, jusqu'à la corruption. L'analyse du contexte de ces conséquences involontaires permet de dire que les dispositions discriminatoires elles-mêmes en constituent la source. L'auteur suggère que ce qu'on appelle l'avancement de l'État de droit en Chine s'accompagne et est miné par l'évasion légale, la collusion et la corruption, un processus lourd de conséquences non prévues, paradoxales et perverses.