bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Determination of Carbofuran Residues using WS2 Modified Electrodes
Authors: Haritha V. S. , Sarath Kumar S. R. , Rakhi R. B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo meet the increasing demands for food production, the utilization of cost‐effective pesticides like carbofuran (CB) becomes essential. CB poses a significant risk to human health due to its high toxicity. Therefore, accurate quantification of CB residue is essential for environmental safety and human health. Electrochemical sensors have proven to be an outstanding choice for the accurate detection and quantification of carbofuran residues. CB is electrochemically inactive and was first hydrolyzed in an alkaline medium to yield an anodically active phenolic derivative carbofuran phenol (CP). This report details the development of a voltammetric sensor for the accurate detection of CB residues utilizing the cyclic voltammetry technique and the electrochemical reactions of CP at WS2 nanosheet‐modified electrodes in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The constructed sensor has displayed a linear range of carbofuran detection from 10–90 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.38 μM and sensitivity of 0.303 μA μM−1 cm−2. Additionally, the developed sensor has been employed to monitor CB residues in real soil and water samples and it shows a recovery greater than 95 %. The developed sensor enables the cost‐effective monitoring of carbofuran in real samples.
Layered Porous Ring‐Like Carbon Network Protected FeNi Metal Atomic Pairs for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis and Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Qin Tengteng , Pei Zhen , Qiu Jiahao , Wang Junzhang , Xu Zhou , Guo Xingzhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBimetallic atom catalysts exhibit ultra‐high oxygen electrocatalytic activity by harnessing mutual promotion and synergistic effects between adjacent metal active centers, surpassing the performance of single metal atomic catalysts. Herein, FeNi atom pairs protected by hierarchical porous annular carbon grids (P‐FeNi‐NPC) are introduced using a mediator‐assisted MOFs‐derived strategy. The introduction of the multi‐block copolymer P123 ensures the uniform confinement and dispersion of metal ions, followed by thermal decomposition to form a “planetary‐ring‐like” carbon framework that anchors the bimetallic atomic pairs in the active region. The homogeneous distribution of adjacent Fe‐N4 and Ni‐N4 active sites significantly enhances catalytic activity and stability. Leveraging unique electronic and geometric structures, the resulting P‐FeNi‐NPC catalyst demonstrates exceptional ORR and OER activities with an ΔE value of 0.705 (E1/2 = 0.845 V, Ej = 10 = 1.55 V). Theoretical calculations unveil that FeNi bimetallic sites loaded on nitrogen‐doped carbon frameworks with specific curvature effectively modulate the energy of d‐band centers, thus balancing the free energy of oxygen‐containing intermediates. This study presents a novel and versatile approach for synthesizing advanced bifunctional catalysts, poised to drive the future development of Zn‐air batteries.
A Deterministic Method to Construct a Common Supercell Between Two Similar Crystalline Surfaces
Authors: Lee Weon‐Gyu , Lee Jung‐Hoon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHere, a deterministic algorithm is proposed, that is capable of constructing a common supercell between two similar crystalline surfaces without scanning all possible cases. Using the complex plane, the 2D lattice is defined as the 2D complex vector. Then, the relationship between two surfaces becomes the eigenvector–eigenvalue relation where an operator corresponds to a transformation matrix. It is shown that this transformation matrix can be directly determined from the lattice parameters and rotation angle of the two given crystalline surfaces with O(log Nmax) time complexity, where Nmax is the maximum index of repetition matrix elements. This process is much faster than the conventional brute force approach (). By implementing the method in Python code, experimental 2D heterostructures and their moiré patterns and additionally find new moiré patterns that have not yet been reported are successfully generated. According to the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, some of the new moiré patterns are expected to be as stable as experimentally‐observed moiré patterns. Taken together, it is believed that the method can be widely applied as a useful tool for designing new heterostructures with interesting properties.
Heavy‐Atom‐Free Covalent Organic Frameworks for Organic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence via Förster and Dexter Energy Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Tian Ye , Si Duanhui , Li Jingjun , Lin Wenlie , Yang Xue , Gao Shuiying , Cao Rong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs), with their accessible nanoscale porosity, selectable building blocks, and precisely engineered topology, offer unique benefits in the design of room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials. However, their potential has been limited by phosphorescence quenching caused by interlayer π–π stacking interactions. This paper presents a novel strategy to enhance RTP in heavy‐atom‐free COFs by employing a donor–acceptor (D–A) system that leverages the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and Dexter energy transfer (DET) mechanisms. Among the materials investigated, the best‐performing COF exhibits a phosphorescence lifetime of 4.35 ms at room temperature. Spectral analysis, structural analysis, and theoretical calculations indicate the presence of intralayer FRET processes as well as interlayer DET processes within the D–A COF system. Potential anti‐counterfeiting applications are explored by exploiting the unique phosphorescent properties of these materials. Additionally, the inherent permanent porosity of COFs presents new opportunities for future development and application. This strategy offers many promising prospects for advancing the RTP technology in COF materials and broadens their potential applications in various fields.
Spatial and temporal variability of movements among sympatric salmonids in an unfragmented inland watershed
Authors: Lance Michael J. , Ritter T. David , Zale Alexander V. , Grisak Grant G. , Mullen Jason A. , Walsh Stephen J. , Heim Kurt C. , Al-Chokhachy Robert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Our aim was to determine the movement patterns of three abundant salmonids—Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss—in the Smith River watershed of Montana.

Methods
We tagged 7172 fish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, monitored their movements past 15 stationary PIT arrays over 4 years, and located tagged fish between arrays by conducting mobile surveys.

Result
Movement patterns varied seasonally, among species, and among locations. Movement was greatest in the middle portion of the watershed, which included a pristine main-stem canyon and lower reaches of major tributaries. Fish rarely left the canyon, but movement into the canyon from other regions was common. Mountain Whitefish were most likely to move, and Brown Trout were least likely to move. Most fish travelled less than 10 km, but some fish travelled over 100 km. Distinct movement patterns were not evident; rather, a continuous spectrum of movement behaviors was apparent. Movements by Mountain Whitefish and Rainbow Trout increased during their spawning periods. Movements peaked when mean daily water temperatures were between 11.3 and 17.1°C.

Conclusion
Movements were diverse and probably contributed to metapopulation dynamics, population resiliency, and species diversity. Fish movements along stream networks connect populations across diverse landscapes, and therefore, protecting and restoring stream connectivity along inland streams such as the Smith River is critical to maintaining productive fish assemblages.
Equivalent static wind load based on displacement mode and load combination for high‐rise buildings
Authors: Guan Haiwei , Tian Yuji , Chen Weihu , Qi Yuliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnder the action of the fluctuating wind load, the low frequency part produces background response to the structures, while the high frequency part produces resonance response to the structures. In structural design, equivalent static wind load is usually used to equate the fluctuating wind load. Although there are various methods of evaluating the equivalent static wind load, they did not consider the correlation between modal responses or considered them insufficiently. Therefore, in this paper, the correlation between modal response is considered to evaluate the equivalent static wind load, the displacement response is decomposed by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, the correlation between modal displacement is removed, the equivalent static wind load is expressed in the form of displacement mode, and then the correlation between modal response is fully considered in the extreme value combination. This paper combines the equivalent static wind loads in order to make the wind resistance design more reasonable for high‐rise buildings. First, the formulas of equivalent static wind loads expressed by displacement modes of background and resonant response are deduced based on modal decomposition and POD method. Second, the combination formulas of square‐root‐of‐sum‐square (SRSS) and complete‐quadratic‐combination (CQC) rules for the equivalent static wind loads considering the mean wind loads are proposed. Both the linear combination formula of SRSS for the equivalent static wind load and the weighting factor expressions of background and resonance equivalent static wind load are given. Third, the accuracy and validity of the formulas of equivalent static wind load are verified by a wind tunnel pressure test of a high‐rise building. Finally, the simplified combination coefficient formulas for the equivalent static wind loads are proposed, and the combination of the high‐rise building base's fluctuating equivalent static wind loads of along‐wind direction, across‐wind direction, and torsional direction is analyzed.
Psychedelika und Dissoziativa in der Psychiatrie: Herausforderungen in der Behandlung
Authors: Jungwirth Johannes , Bavato Francesco , Quednow Boris B. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungMit der Entdeckung der antidepressiven Effekte des Ketamins und dem zunehmenden Rückzug der Pharmaindustrie aus der Entwicklung neuer Psychopharmaka ist die psychiatrische Forschung zur klinischen Anwendung von Halluzinogenen in der Psychiatrie in den letzten zwei Dekaden geradezu erblüht. Vielversprechende Befunde zu verschiedenen Therapieansätzen mit Psychedelika, wie Lysergsäurediethylamid (LSD) und Psilocybin, und Dissoziativa, wie Ketamin und Esketamin, haben in den letzten Jahren bei Forscher:innen, Kliniker:innen und Patient:innen große Hoffnungen geweckt, sodass bereits von einer Zeitenwende in der Psychiatrie die Rede war. Als eine der ersten dieser Substanzen wurde intranasales Esketamin im Dezember 2019 in den USA und der EU für die Behandlung der therapieresistenten Depressionen zugelassen, die Schweiz zog 2020 nach. Psilocybin kann seit kurzem in Australien, Kanada und der Schweiz in Ausnahmefällen für die Depressionsbehandlung eingesetzt werden, während derzeit große Zulassungsstudien mit verschiedenen Psychedelika weltweit auf dem Weg sind. Psychedelika und Ketamin/Esketamin gelten in der medizinischen Anwendung als sicher. Doch wie bei jeder neuen Therapie ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, neben den Hoffnungen auch die spezifischen Herausforderungen dieser neuen Therapieansätze sorgfältig zu betrachten und zu beurteilen. Überhöhte Erwartungen und eine unzureichende Risiko-Nutzen-Abschätzung schaden den Patient:innen und dem Ansehen der Behandelnden. Während bereits von einem möglichen Paradigmenwechsel in der psychischen Gesundheitsversorgung gesprochen wird, soll in dieser Überblicksarbeit der Fokus bewusst auf die möglichen Risiken der Behandlung und die methodischen Schwächen bisheriger Studien gerichtet werden.
Optimizing crash box design to meet injury criteria: a protocol for accurate simulation and material selection
Authors: Rostro-González Horacio , Puigoriol-Forcada Josep Maria , Pérez-Peña Armando , Menacho Joaquin , Garcia-Granada Andrés-Amador 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe design of a deformation element or crash box that meets a given injury criterion based on deceleration requires careful consideration of physical properties and space requirements. Variations in material yield stress or geometry can result in statistical variations in the injury criterion output. Optimizing the crash box to fulfil two different injury criteria and two different energy levels may require more space than initially specified. In this study, we propose a protocol where the crash box is collapsed, and force–displacement is fitted to an equation. This fit is carried out with just two simulations and compared to 30 possible scenarios, obtaining a maximum error of 38.9%. With this initial fit, the appropriate thickness and yield stress can be chosen to perform crashes with two energy levels and monitor four injury values. With the ideal yield stress and sheet metal thickness, we introduce real statistical distributions using Monte Carlo design to perform 200 simulations and obtain 400 injury values for each design proposal. This technique ensures that the design will meet injury requirements for any possible combination of thickness and yield stress accepted by quality inspection. If only one simulation is performed, all designs meet the requirements, but only the last proposed design decreased the average injury to 9.2 g with a standard deviation of 2.68 g and a maximum value of 14.4 g, which is less than the required 15 g. This technique minimizes the risk of finding combinations of yield stress and thickness that produce an undesirable injury criterion.
Zum Heilpraktiker, zum Psychologischen Psychotherapeuten oder doch lieber zum Facharzt?
Authors: Pippig Jens , Meyer Jörn , Ehlers Jan P. 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Deutschland besteht neben approbierten Psychotherapeut:innen auch die Möglichkeit für Heilpraktiker:innen, im Bereich der Psychotherapie tätig zu werden. Die z. T. unscharfen Berufsbezeichnungen führen häufig zu Unklarheiten und Verwechslungsgefahr bei Patient:innen bezüglich der Qualifikation der Anbieter:innen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie untersuchte, ob Patient:innen eine klare Präferenz für qualifizierte Psychotherapeut:innen gegenüber Heilpraktiker:innen haben, und ob die Bezeichnung sowie akademische Titel die Präferenz beeinflussen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine Online-Befragung mit 2332 Teilnehmenden durchgeführt, die Erfahrung mit oder Interesse an Psychotherapie hatten. Den Teilnehmenden wurden Praxisschilder mit unterschiedlichen Berufsbezeichnungen, akademischen Titeln und Spezialisierungen präsentiert. Mittels Conjoint-Analyse wurden die Präferenzen analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Es konnte eine klare Präferenzhierarchie festgestellt werden: Approbierte Psychotherapeut:innen werden bevorzugt, gefolgt von Heilpraktiker:innen mit Psychologiestudium und schließlich Heilpraktiker:innen. Verschiedene Berufsbezeichnungen für Heilpraktiker:innen führen zu unterschiedlichen Präferenzen und werden durch Doktorgrade, Master-Abschlüsse und bestimmte Spezialisierungen aufgewertet, obwohl diese nicht zwangsläufig auf eine psychotherapeutische Qualifikation hinweisen.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die geschickte Wahl der Berufsbezeichnung zu einer positiveren Bewertung von Heilpraktiker:innen führt. Damit steigt das Risiko einer möglichen Verwechslung des Therapieangebots mit dem von approbierten Berufsgruppen. Die Lösung liegt sowohl in klarer Bezeichnungsregulierung als auch in der Etablierung von Ausbildungsstandards für ein niederschwelliges Angebot.
Comparative analysis of GPT-4-based ChatGPT’s diagnostic performance with radiologists using real-world radiology reports of brain tumors
Authors: Mitsuyama Yasuhito , Tatekawa Hiroyuki , Takita Hirotaka , Sasaki Fumi , Tashiro Akane , Oue Satoshi , Walston Shannon L. , Nonomiya Yuta , Shintani Ayumi , Miki Yukio , Ueda Daiju 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Large language models like GPT-4 have demonstrated potential for diagnosis in radiology. Previous studies investigating this potential primarily utilized quizzes from academic journals. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic capabilities of GPT-4-based Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) using actual clinical radiology reports of brain tumors and compare its performance with that of neuroradiologists and general radiologists.

Methods
We collected brain MRI reports written in Japanese from preoperative brain tumor patients at two institutions from January 2017 to December 2021. The MRI reports were translated into English by radiologists. GPT-4 and five radiologists were presented with the same textual findings from the reports and asked to suggest differential and final diagnoses. The pathological diagnosis of the excised tumor served as the ground truth. McNemar’s test and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
In a study analyzing 150 radiological reports, GPT-4 achieved a final diagnostic accuracy of 73%, while radiologists’ accuracy ranged from 65 to 79%. GPT-4’s final diagnostic accuracy using reports from neuroradiologists was higher at 80%, compared to 60% using those from general radiologists. In the realm of differential diagnoses, GPT-4’s accuracy was 94%, while radiologists’ fell between 73 and 89%. Notably, for these differential diagnoses, GPT-4’s accuracy remained consistent whether reports were from neuroradiologists or general radiologists.

Conclusion
GPT-4 exhibited good diagnostic capability, comparable to neuroradiologists in differentiating brain tumors from MRI reports. GPT-4 can be a second opinion for neuroradiologists on final diagnoses and a guidance tool for general radiologists and residents.

Clinical relevance statement
This study evaluated GPT-4-based ChatGPT’s diagnostic capabilities using real-world clinical MRI reports from brain tumor cases, revealing that its accuracy in interpreting brain tumors from MRI findings is competitive with radiologists.

Key Points

We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of GPT-4 using real-world clinical MRI reports of brain tumors.

GPT-4 achieved final and differential diagnostic accuracy that is comparable with neuroradiologists.

GPT-4 has the potential to improve the diagnostic process in clinical radiology.

Graphical Abstract
The influence of water turbulence on surface deformations and the gas transfer rate across an air–water interface
Authors: Bullee Pim A. , Weichert Stefan , Nore Astri , Li Leon , Ellingsen Simen Å. , Hearst R. Jason 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present experimental results of a study on oxygen transfer rates in a water channel facility with varying turbulence inflow conditions set by an active grid. We compare the change in gas transfer rate with different turbulence characteristics of the flow set by four different water channel and grid configurations. It was found that the change in gas transfer rate correlates best with the turbulence intensity in the vertical direction. The most turbulent cases increased the gas transfer rate by 30% compared to the low turbulence reference case. Between the two most turbulent cases studied here, the streamwise turbulence and largest length scales in the flow change, while the gas transfer rate is relatively unchanged. In contrast, for the two less turbulent cases where the magnitude of the fluctuations normal to the free surface are also smaller, the gas transfer rate is significantly reduced. Since the air–water interface plays an important role in the gas transfer process, special attention is given to the free-surface deformations. Despite taking measures to minimise it, the active grid also leaves a direct imprint on the free surface, and the majority of the waves on the surface originate from the grid itself. Surface deformations were, however, ruled out as a main driver for the increase in gas transfer because the increase in surface area is < 0.25%, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the measured change in the gas transfer rate.
A New Merged Product Reveals Precipitation Features over Drylands in China
Authors: Luo Min , Liu Yuzhi , Gao Jie , Luo Run , Zhang Jinxia , Tan Ziyuan , Chen Siyu , Alam Khan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the considerable uncertainties inherent in the datasets describing the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in the drylands of China, this study presents a new merged monthly precipitation product with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.2° × 0.2° during 1980–2019. The newly developed precipitation product was validated at different temporal scales (e.g., monthly, seasonally, and annually). The results show that the new product consistently aligns with the spatiotemporal distributions reported by the Chinese Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS) product and Multi-Source Weighted Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP). The merged product exhibits exceptional quality in describing the drylands of China, with a bias of −2.19 mm month−1 relative to MSWEP. In addition, the annual trend of the merged product (0.09 mm month−1 yr−1) also closely aligns with that of the MSWEP (0.11 mm month−1 yr−1) during 1980–2019. The increasing trend indicates that the water cycle and wetting process intensified in the drylands of China during this period. In particular, there was an increase in wetting during the period from 2001–2019. Generally, the merged product exhibits potential value for improving our understanding of the climate and water cycle in the drylands of China.
Dietary trajectories over 21 years and frailty in Norwegian older adults: the Tromsø Study 1994–2016
Authors: Konglevoll Dina M. , Andersen Lene F. , Thoresen Magne , Totland Torunn H. , Hopstock Laila A. , Hjartåker Anette , Carlsen Monica H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the association between five dietary trajectories over 21 years and frailty in Norwegian older adults.

Methods
This study used data from three surveys of the Tromsø Study. Diet was measured using food frequency questionnaires at baseline (Tromsø4, 1994–95), after 7 years (Tromsø5, 2001) and at the end of follow-up (Tromsø7, 2015–16). Survey-specific diet scores were constructed based on the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 and group-based trajectory modelling was used to derive dietary trajectories. At follow-up, frailty was assessed with a 41-item frailty index. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between dietary trajectories and frailty, adjusted for baseline variables.

Results
Among the 715 participants, 55% were women, with an average age of 54 years at baseline and 74 years at follow-up. The dietary trajectories ‘moderately healthy’ and ‘healthy increase’ were associated with a lower frailty index score at follow-up (β = −0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.04, −0.002, β = −0.03, 95% CI = −0.06, −0.007), compared with the ‘unhealthy’ trajectory.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that maintaining a moderately healthy to very healthy diet from mid-life into older age is associated with a lower risk of frailty and supports the promotion of a healthy diet from adulthood to facilitate healthy ageing.