bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of PD‐L1 gene and non‐small cell lung cancer susceptibility in a Chinese population
Authors: Chen Yan‐bin , Mu Chuan‐yong , Chen Cheng , Huang Jian‐An 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the correlation between a polymorphism of PD‐L1 gene and the susceptibility of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a Chinese population.MethodsA total of 293 Chinese patients with NSCLC and 293 age and sex matched controls of the same ethnic origin were enrolled in this study. A/C polymorphism at position 8923 in intron 4 of PD‐L1 gene was typed using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR‐RFLP). The interactions between A/C genotype, allele frequency and NSCLC susceptibility were analyzed.ResultsThe A/C genotype frequencies were significantly different between NSCLC patients and controls. The AC and CC frequencies were higher in NSCLC patients than in controls (16.4 vs 8.9%, 1.0 vs 0.3%, respectively). The C‐allele frequency was higher in NSCLC patients than in controls (9.2 vs 4.8%). Significant differences in the A and C allele frequencies were noted between the two groups (χ2 = 8.864, P = 0.003). More risk of NSCLC was found in individuals carrying the C allele than in those carrying the A allele (OR = 2.203; 95% CI 1.262–3.242). In both light smokers (≤20 pack‐years) and heavy smokers (>20 pack‐years), individuals carrying the C‐allele had more risk of NSCLC than those carrying the A‐allele (light smokers OR = 1.847, 95% CI 1.001–3.409; heavy smokers OR = 3.252, 95% CI 1.196–8.845, respectively).ConclusionAn A/C polymorphism at position 8923 in the PD‐L1 gene is associated with NSCLC susceptibility. The PD‐L1 polymorphism plays a role in NSCLC, especially in patients with the C‐allele.
Differential relations between fronto‐limbic metabolism and executive function in patients with remitted bipolar I and bipolar II disorder
Authors: Li Cheng‐Ta , Hsieh Jen‐Chuen , Wang Shyh‐Jen , Yang Bang‐Hung , Bai Ya‐Mei , Lin Wei‐Chen , Lan Chen‐Chia , Su Tung‐Ping 
Published: November 2012

Li C‐T, Hsieh J‐C, Wang S‐J, Yang B‐H, Bai Y‐M, Lin W‐C, Lan C‐C, Su T‐P. Differential relations between fronto‐limbic metabolism and executive function in patients with remitted bipolar I and bipolar II disorder.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 831–842. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resting brain glucose metabolism and cognitive profiles in patients with remitted bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) and bipolar II disorder (BD‐II). We hypothesized that BD‐I patients (compared to BD‐II patients) would perform worse on tests of cognitive function because of abnormal metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and other mood‐related brain areas.Methods:  Thirty‐four patients with remitted bipolar disorder (BD) (BD‐I = 17, BD‐II = 17) under treatment and 17 well‐matched healthy controls received both fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and neuropsychological tests of attention, memory, and executive function.Results:  Clinical features in patients with BD‐I and BD‐II were comparable. Executive function, as indicated by performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, was significantly worse (i.e., higher percentage of errors, lower percentage of conceptual level responses, and fewer categories completed) in BD‐I patients than in BD‐II patients and healthy subjects. No difference in attention and memory tests was found among these three groups. Brain PET analysis showed that BD‐I patients (compared to BD‐II patients) had significantly lower glucose uptake in the bilateral anterior cingulum, insula, striatum, and part of the prefrontal cortex, and higher glucose uptake in the left parahippocampus. Further analyses revealed significant correlations between poor executive function and abnormal glucose uptake in other brain areas in BD‐I patients.Conclusions:  There are neurobiological differences between subtypes of BD. BD‐I is associated with more impaired fronto‐limbic circuitry, which might account for reduced executive function in BD‐I patients during remission.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 levels and phosphorylation undergo large fluctuations in mouse brain during development
Authors: Beurel Eléonore , Mines Marjelo A , Song Ling , Jope Richard S 
Published: November 2012

Beurel E, Mines MA, Song L, Jope RS. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 levels and phosphorylation undergo large fluctuations in mouse brain during development.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 822–830. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Objectives:  Dysregulated glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3) may contribute to the pathophysiology of mood disorders and other diseases, and appears to be a target of certain therapeutic drugs. The growing recognition of heightened vulnerability during development to many psychiatric diseases, including mood disorders, led us to test if there are developmental changes in mouse brain GSK3 and its regulation by phosphorylation and by therapeutic drugs.Methods:  GSK3 levels and phosphorylation were measured at seven ages of development in the mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus.Results:  Two periods of rapid transitions in GSK3 levels were identified: a large rise between postnatal days 1 and 2 and three weeks of age, where GSK3 levels were as much as fourfold higher than adult mouse brain levels, and a rapid decline between 2–4 and eight weeks of age, when adult levels were reached. Inhibitory serine‐phosphorylation of GSK3, particularly GSK3β, was extremely high in the one‐day postnatal mouse brain, and rapidly declined thereafter. These developmental changes in GSK3 were equivalent in the male and female cerebral cortex, and differed from other signaling kinases, including Akt, extracellular‐regulated kinases 1/2, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, and p38 levels and phosphorylation. In contrast to the adult mouse brain, where administration of lithium or fluoxetine rapidly and robustly increased serine‐phosphorylation of GSK3, in young mice these responses were blunted or absent.Conclusions:  High brain levels of GSK3 and large fluctuations in its levels and phosphorylation in the juvenile and adolescent mouse brain raise the possibility that they may contribute to destabilized mood regulation induced by environmental and genetic factors.
ADHD comorbidity can matter when assessing cortical thickness abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Hegarty Catherine E , Foland‐Ross Lara C , Narr Katherine L , Sugar Catherine A , McGough James J , Thompson Paul M , Altshuler Lori L 
Published: November 2012

Hegarty CE, Foland‐Ross LC, Narr KL, Sugar CA, McGough JJ, Thompson PM, Altshuler LL. ADHD comorbidity can matter when assessing cortical thickness abnormalities in patients with bipolar disorder.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 843–855. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Objectives: Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder (BP), but very few studies consider this when interpreting magnetic resonance imaging findings. No studies, to our knowledge, have screened for or controlled for the presence of ADHD when examining cortical thickness in patients with BP. We used a 2 × 2 design to evaluate the joint effects of BP and ADHD on cortical thickness and uncover the importance of ADHD comorbidity in BP subjects.Methods: The study included 85 subjects: 31 healthy controls, 17 BP‐only, 19 ADHD‐only, and 18 BP/ADHD. All patients with BP were subtype I, euthymic, and not taking lithium. Groups did not differ significantly in age or gender distribution. We used cortical thickness measuring tools combined with cortical pattern matching methods to align sulcal/gyral anatomy across participants. Significance maps were used to check for both main effects of BP and ADHD and their interaction. Post‐hoc comparisons assessed how the effects of BP on cortical thickness varied as a function of the presence or absence of ADHD.Results: Interactions of BP and ADHD diagnoses were found in the left subgenual cingulate and right orbitofrontal cortex, demonstrating that the effect of BP on cortical thickness depends on ADHD status.Conclusions: Some brain abnormalities attributed to BP may result from the presence of ADHD. Diagnostic interactions were found in regions previously implicated in the pathophysiology of BP, making it vital to control for an ADHD comorbid diagnosis when attempting to isolate neural or genetic abnormalities specific to BP.
Dual effect of morphine in long‐term social memory in rat
Authors: Bianchi Enrica , Menicacci Cristina , Ghelardini Carla 
Published: November 2012

Background and PurposeBimodal dose–response relationships have been demonstrated in animals and humans following morphine administration. We examined if systemic administration of morphine, in extremely low (μg) and high (mg, analgesic) doses, changed the learning process.Experimental ApproachIn the social learning test, an adult rat investigates a juvenile. The juvenile is submitted to a second encounter after a few days and investigation by the adult should be reduced. Morphine was administered before the first encounter between rats, and the critical test was performed 24, 72 or 168 h later, when animals were re‐exposed to each other, in the absence of morphine.Key ResultsLow doses of morphine, comparable with endogenous brain concentrations, enhanced long‐term memory recognition; while high doses did the reverse, indicating the adult failed to recognize the juvenile. Recognition of a familiar rat appeared to be mediated within the brain accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) by an opioid system intrinsic to the olfactory system through μ‐opioid receptors (MORs). At this supraspinal site, the PLC/PKC signalling pathway was activated by extremely low morphine doses.Conclusions and ImplicationsMorphine treatment administration may either disrupt or facilitate social memory, depending on the dose, extending to memory formation the bimodal effects of morphine previously shown in pain. Social memory formation elicited by extremely low morphine doses, was mediated within the AOB by an opioid system, intrinsic to the olfactory system through MORs.
Rapid Simultaneous Estimation of Aboveground Biomass and Tree Diversity Across Neotropical Forests: A Comparison of Field Inventory Methods
Authors: Baraloto Christopher , Molto Quentin , Rabaud Suzanne , Hérault Bruno , Valencia Renato , Blanc Lilian , Fine Paul V. A. , Thompson Jill 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA standardized rapid inventory method providing information on both tree species diversity and aboveground carbon stocks in tropical forests will be an important tool for evaluating efforts to conserve biodiversity and to estimate the carbon emissions that result from deforestation and degradation (REDD). Herein, we contrast five common plot methods differing in shape, size, and effort requirements to estimate tree diversity and aboveground tree biomass (AGB). We simulated the methods across six Neotropical forest sites that represent a broad gradient in forest structure, tree species richness, and floristic composition, and we assessed the relative performance of methods by evaluating the bias and precision of their estimates of AGB and tree diversity. For a given sample of forest area, a ‘several small’ (< 1 ha) sampling strategy led to a smaller coefficient of variation (CV) in the estimate of AGB than a ‘few large’ one. The effort (person‐days) required to achieve an accurate AGB estimate (< 10% CV), however, was greater for the smallest plots (0.1 ha) than for a compromise approach using 0.5 ha modified Gentry plots, which proved to be the most efficient method to estimate AGB across all forest types. Gentry plots were also the most efficient at providing accurate estimates of tree diversity (< 10% CV of Hill number). We recommend the use of the 0.5 ha modified Gentry plot method in future rapid inventories, and we discuss a set of criteria that should inform any choice of inventory method.
Children's Cross‐Ethnic Relationships in Elementary Schools: Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Ethnic Segregation and Social Status
Authors: Wilson Travis M. , Rodkin Philip C. 
Published: November 2012

This study examined whether ethnic segregation is concurrently (fall) and prospectively (fall to spring) associated with social status among 4th‐ and 5th‐grade African American and European American children (n = 713, ages 9–11 years). Segregation measures were (a) same‐ethnicity favoritism in peer affiliations and (b) cross‐ethnicity dislike. Social status measures were same‐ and cross‐ethnicity peer nominations of acceptance, rejection, and cool. Among African Americans, fall segregation predicted declines in cross‐ethnicity (European American) acceptance and same‐ethnicity rejection, and increases in same‐ethnicity acceptance and perceived coolness. For European American children, fall segregation predicted declines in cross‐ethnicity (African American) acceptance and increases in cross‐ethnicity rejection. Results indicate that segregation induces asymmetric changes in social status for African American and European American children.
Membrane-bound interleukin-21 and CD137 ligand induce functional human natural killer cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells through STAT-3 activation
Authors: Wang X , Lee D A , Wang Y , Wang L , Yao Y , Lin Z , Cheng J , Zhu S 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Natural killer (NK) cell adoptive transfer is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy; however, its development has been hindered by the lack of efficient methods to produce large numbers of functional NK cells. In this study, we engineered the leukaemia cell line K562 to express CD137 ligand (CD137L) and membrane-bound interleukin (mbIL)-21 on the cell surface, and used these cells to expand NK cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that purity of the NK cells (CD3−CD56+/CD16+) increased from less than 30% to above 95% after a 3-week expansion and proliferation of the cells was sustained for more than 8 weeks. The surface expression of NK cell activating and inhibitory receptors, except for NKp80, was clearly increased with the expansion, and NK cell-mediated killing activity was also enhanced significantly. However, these changes in both phenotype and function were clearly reversed by JSI-124, a specific signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) inhibitor. Taken together, data showed that the combination of mbIL-21 and CD137L could efficiently induce the formation of functional human NK cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and STAT-3 inhibition could impair this induction. Therefore, STAT-3 activation may benefit human NK cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, and provide valuable clinical applications in NK cell immunotherapy against viral infectious diseases and cancers.
Anti-high mobility group box 1 monoclonal antibody ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Uzawa A , Mori M , Taniguchi J , Masuda S , Muto M , Kuwabara S 
Published: November 2012

Summary
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an established inflammatory mediator when released from cells. Recent studies have implicated extracellular HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether HMGB1 could be a therapeutic target for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, an anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody was injected intraperitoneally into a mouse model of EAE. We also measured serum cytokines levels in EAE and anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody-treated EAE. As a result, intraperitoneal injection of an anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody ameliorated the clinical and pathological severity of EAE and attenuated interleukin-17 up-regulation in serum. In conclusion, HMGB1 is involved in EAE pathogenesis and could trigger inflammation in the central nervous system. The novel aspect of this study is the demonstration that anti-HMGB1 ameliorates EAE. HMGB1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis.
Graves′ hyperthyroidism and moderate alcohol consumption: evidence for disease prevention
Authors: Carlé Allan , Bülow Pedersen Inge , Knudsen Nils , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Rasmussen Lone Banke , Jørgensen Torben , Laurberg Peter 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundWe recently demonstrated that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a considerable reduction in the risk of autoimmune hypothyroidism, similar to findings in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to study a possible association between alcohol intake and autoimmune Graves′ hyperthyroidism.DesignThis is a population‐based, case–control study.MethodsIn a well‐defined Danish population (2 027 208 person‐years of observation), we prospectively identified patients with new overt thyroid dysfunction and studied 272 patients with Graves′ hyperthyroidism. For each patient, we recruited four age–gender–region–matched controls with normal thyroid function (n = 1088).MeasurementsParticipants gave detailed information on current and previous alcohol intake as well as other factors to be used for analyses. The association between alcohol intake and development of hyperthyroidism was analysed in conditional multivariate Cox regression models.ResultsGraves′ patients had a lower reported alcohol consumption than controls (median units of alcohol (12 g) per week: 2 vs 4, P < 0·001). In a multivariate regression model, alcohol consumption was associated with a dose‐dependent reduction in risk for development of overt Graves′ hyperthyroidism. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) compared with the reference group with a recent (last year) consumption of 1–2 units of alcohol per week were as follows: 0 units/week 1·73 (1·17–2·56), 3–10 units/week 0·56 (0·39–0·79), 11–20 units/week 0·37 (0·21–0·65), ≥21 units/week 0·22 (0·08–0·60). Similar results were found for maximum previous alcohol consumption during a calendar year. No interaction was found with the type of alcohol consumed (wine vs beer), smoking habit, age, gender or region of inhabitancy.ConclusionsModerate alcohol consumption is associated with a considerable reduction in the risk of Graves′ disease with hyperthyroidism – irrespective of age and gender. Autoimmune thyroid disease seems to be much more dependent on environmental factors than hitherto anticipated.
Primary implant stability in the atrophic sinus floor of human cadaver maxillae: impact of residual ridge height, bone density, and implant diameter
Authors: Pommer Bernhard , Hof Markus , Fädler Andrea , Gahleitner André , Watzek Georg , Watzak Georg 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesSimultaneous implant placement in conjunction with lateral or transcrestal maxillary sinus floor augmentation gives the benefit of reduction in healing times and surgical interventions. Primary implant stability, however, may be significantly reduced in resorbed residual ridges. Aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of residual bone height, bone density, and implant diameter on primary stability of implants in the atrophic sinus floor.Material and methodsA total of 66 NobelActive™ implants were inserted in the sinus floor of fresh human cadaver maxillae: 22 narrow (3.5 mm), 22 regular (4.3 mm), and 22 wide (5.0 mm) diameter implants in residual ridges of 2–6 mm height. Presurgical computed tomographic scans were acquired to assess bone height and density. Primary implant stability was evaluated by insertion torque values (ITV), Periotest values (PTV), and Osstell implant stability quotients (ISQ).ResultsCorrelations within outcomes (ITV, PTV, ISQ) were highly significant (P < 0.001). Radiographic bone density was found to significantly impact all three outcome measures (P < 0.001), while no influence of residual bone height and implant diameter could be revealed by multifactorial analysis. Consistent results were seen in all subgroups (including residual ridges of 5–6 mm height).ConclusionsBone density seems to represent the major determinant of primary stability in maxillary sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement (as well as 5–6 mm short implants in the maxillary sinus floor). Preoperative bone density assessment may help to avoid stability‐related complications in one‐stage implant treatment of the atrophic posterior maxilla.
Frequency of self‐adjustment of insulin dose and metabolic control in Type 2 diabetes –is there an association?
Authors: Beluchin E. , Bäz L. , Müller N. , Lehmann T. , Kloos C. , Wolf G. , Müller U. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the supposition that self‐adjustment of insulin dose will improve metabolic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe number of self‐adjustments of insulin dose was checked in a cross‐sectional study involving 300 patients with Type 2 diabetes in a university outpatient department, who were insulin treated.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐three patients (64%) performed insulin dose adjustments at least once in 14 days. The mean number of dose adjustments was 17.4 per 14 days. Patients with self‐adjustments of insulin dose were younger (65.6 vs. 68.9 years), had a higher social status score (11.1 vs. 9.8) and a higher insulin dose (68.8 vs. 53.6 IU/day) than patients without dose adjustments. Each insulin dose adjustment was associated with an HbA1c decrease of 0.016% (P = 0.004). Any additional blood glucose self measurement was associated with an HbA1c increase of 0.019% (P = 0.038).ConclusionsTwo‐thirds of patients with Type 2 diabetes, who have undergone training in how to manage their condition, practise insulin dose self‐adjustments. A weak association was observed between insulin dose adjustments and HbA1c.
Delayed Rupture of Left Ventricular Apex After Heart Transplantation: Diagnosis by Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography
Authors: Hsiung Ming‐Chon , Yin Wei‐Hsin , Lee Yang‐Tsai , Wei Jen 
Published: November 2012

Mini‐AbstractWe describe an adult patient who developed left ventricular apex rupture 3 weeks following cardiac transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, this complication of cardiac transplantation has not been reported previously. The mechanism responsible for this event in our patient is not clear, but may be related to the motion of the stiff vent canula during each heartbeat eventually resulting in rupture of the cardiac musculature in the region of the apex several days after surgery.