bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Flow in Hemodialysis Catheters: A Numerical Simulation and Microscopic Analysis of In Vivo‐Formed Fibrin
Authors: Lucas Thabata Coaglio , Tessarolo Francesco , Jakitsch Victor , Caola Iole , Brunori Giuliano , Nollo Giandomenico , Huebner Rudolf 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough catheters with side holes allow high flow rate during hemodialysis, they also induce flow disturbances and create a critical hemodynamic environment that can favor fibrin deposition and thrombus formation. This study compared the blood flow and analyzed the influence of shear stress and shear rate in fibrin deposition and thrombus formation in nontunneled hemodialysis catheters with unobstructed side holes (unobstructed device) or with some side holes obstructed by blood thrombi (obstructed device). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was performed to simulate realistic blood flow under laminar and turbulent conditions. The results from the numerical simulations were compared with the fibrin distribution and thrombus architecture data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and two photons laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) on human thrombus formed in catheters removed from patients. CFD showed that regions of flow eddies and separation were mainly found in the venous holes region. TPLSM characterization of thrombi and fibrin structure in patient samples showed fibrin formations in accordance with simulated flux dynamics. Under laminar flow conditions, the wall shear stress close to border holes increased from 87.3 ± 0.2 Pa in the unobstructed device to 176.2 ± 0.5 Pa in the obstructed one. Under turbulent flow conditions, the shear stress increased by 47% when comparing the obstructed to the unobstructed catheter. The shear rates were generally higher than 5000/s and therefore sufficient to induce fibrin deposition. This findings were supported by SEM data documenting a preferential fibrin arrangement on side hole walls.
Using partial volumes to estimate available browse biomass in Southern African semi‐arid savannas
Authors: Penderis Caryn A. , Kirkman Kevin P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsWith the increase of game farming in woody areas, as well as the pressing need to assess the spatial distribution of carbon, the quantification of available browse biomass has become an important subject to refine. We aimed to (1) calculate tree canopy volume (CVol) for varying tree canopy shapes and for strata within those shapes to cater for different herbivore browse heights, (2) develop a relation to estimate available browse of deciduous (micro‐ and mesophyllous) and evergreen (macrophyllous) semi‐arid savanna tree species using our calculated CVols, and (3) demonstrate the application of the use of partial volumes and the resultant regression models in the determination of available browse biomass for browsing game species.LocationFour key savanna tree species were sampled in the open wooded grassland areas of three game reserves in northeastern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: Bonamanzi Game Park, Mun‐Ya‐Wana Private Game Reserve and Pongola Game Reserve.MethodsTree CVol determination involved calculation of partial volumes, using the integration of a series of circles, allowing a wider range of tree shapes to be included. Non‐linear regression was used to investigate the relation between available browse biomass of deciduous microphyllous Acacia nilotica, evergreen macrophyllous Euclea divinorum and Gymnosporia senegalensis and deciduous mesophyllous Spirostachys africana and their respective calculated partial CVols.ResultsExponential non‐linear regression of the natural logarithm of CVol data provided an accurate and precise description of the tree CVol–available browse biomass relation. Significant relations were obtained over a 2‐yr period (2003–2004) for species–site models and general species models. The incorporation of tree foliage densities in available browse biomass estimation further improved model accuracy and precision.ConclusionThe general models provided an objective means of determining the browsing capacity of a tree population. In addition, estimation of carbon sequestration could be related to the model output, particularly when changes over time are recorded. Regular measurement of available browse comprises a useful monitoring tool to evaluate impact of animals on trees and shrubs.
Women's Experiences, Emotional Responses, and Perceptions of Care After Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy: A Qualitative Survey of Women from 6 Months to 3 Years Postpartum
Authors: de la Cruz Cara Z. , Coulter Martha L. , O'Rourke Kathleen , Amina Alio P. , Daley Ellen M. , Mahan Charles S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known of the experience and perceptions of care for survivors of emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), an obstetric event that is increasing in incidence. We sought to explore women's experiences of EPH to make recommendations for care.MethodsThis qualitative study utilized purposive sampling through an online support group of women who experienced EPH. Eligible participants were at least 18 years old, had their hysterectomy at least 6 months but no more than 3 years before the interview, had a surviving infant associated with the delivery, and did not report suicidal ideation. In‐depth, semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted and analyzed using Constant Comparative Analysis. Kappa statistics assessed interrater reliability for two independent coders.ResultsFifteen women participated with a mean age of 32.5 years. Most had a cesarean section, with uterine atony as the most common indication for EPH. Kappa statistics indicated near‐perfect interrater agreement between two coders, ranging from .82 to .89. Seven major themes were identified: fear; pain; death and dying; numbness or delay in emotional reaction; bonding with baby; communication; and the need for information. Psychological upset occurred postpartum and was often delayed. A major finding is the need for additional follow‐up visits to address the emotional after‐effects and to fill in gaps in women's understanding and memory of what had occurred.ConclusionUnderstanding women's experiences with EPH can help practitioners address not only women's initial complications but provide needed long‐term support.
Transition from paediatric to adult care for patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: de Montalembert Mariane , Guitton Corinne ,   the French Reference Centre for Sickle Cell Disease
Published: December 2013

SummaryAdvances achieved over the last three decades have transformed sickle cell disease (SCD) from a fatal childhood disease to a long‐term chronic condition. Consequently, patients must transition from paediatric to adult care. The transition is a high‐risk period associated with increases in hospital admissions and death. The factors underlying this increased risk include not only characteristics of the disease itself, with the accumulation of disabilities and progression of organ damage, but also psychological factors and a frequent paucity of adult‐care resources for SCD. Leaving the familiar paediatric team causes marked anxiety in many patients. The transition of care coincides with the many other transitions that characterize the emotional, social and academic development of adolescents. The shift from protection by parents and physicians to independent self‐management may be difficult. Finally, young adults may have limited access to health insurance. In recent years, many medical groups have suggested the development of transitioning programmes combining transition schedules, printed and web‐based materials, and, in some cases, transition‐dedicated physicians, nurses and psychologists. Transition must begin early, involve both the paediatric and the adult team, direct appropriate attention to the parents and occur over a period of several years. Evaluations of these programmes are urgently needed.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: Overview
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Benson Helen E. , Faccenda Elena , Pawson Adam J. , Sharman Joanna L. , McGrath John C. , Catterall William A. , Spedding Michael , Peters John A. , Harmar Anthony J. ,   CGTP Collaborators
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties from the IUPHAR database. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full.This compilation of the major pharmacological targets is divided into seven areas of focus: G protein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets.It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors & Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC‐IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR‐DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: Enzymes
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Benson Helen E. , Faccenda Elena , Pawson Adam J. , Sharman Joanna L. , Spedding Michael , Peters John A. , Harmar Anthony J. ,   CGTP Collaborators
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full.Enzymes are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets.It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC‐IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR‐DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates.
Influence of Periodontal Biotype on Buccal Bone Remodeling after Tooth Extraction Using the Flapless Approach with a Xenograft: A Histomorphometric and Fluorescence Study in Small Dogs
Authors: Maia Luciana Prado , Reino Danilo Maeda , Novaes Arthur Belém , Muglia Valdir Antonio , Taba Mário , de Morais Grisi Márcio Fernando , de Souza Sérgio Luís Scombatti , Palioto Daniela Bazan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundSeveral approaches have been used to counteract alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction.PurposeThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of gingival thickness and bone grafting on buccal bone remodeling in extraction sockets with thin buccal bone, using a flapless approach.Materials and MethodsThe gingiva of 8 dogs was thinned at one side of the mandible and mandibular premolars were extracted without flaps. The sockets were randomly assigned to the test group (thin gingiva) (TG), the test group with grafting material TG + GM, the control group (normal gingiva) (CG), or the control group with grafting material CG + GM. Ground sections were prepared from 12‐week healing biopsies, and histomorphometry and fluorescence analysis were performed.ResultsIn the groups with thin gingiva, numerically greater buccal bone loss was observed, while there were no differences between grafted and nongrafted sites. A numerically higher rate of mineralization was observed for the grafted sites, as compared with the nongrafted sites, at 12 weeks.ConclusionsA thin buccal bone plate leads to higher bone loss in extraction sockets, even with flapless surgery. The gingival thickness or the use of a graft material did not prevent buccal bone resorption in a naturally thin biotype, but modified the mineralization process.
A national analysis of the outcome of major head and neck cancer surgery: implications for surgeon‐level data publication
Authors: Nouraei S.A.R. , Middleton S.E. , Hudovsky A. , Darzi A. , Stewart S. , Kaddour H. , Alam P. , Jallali N. , Birchall M.A. , Ghufoor K. , Aylin P. , Clarke P.M. , Bottle A. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo undertake a national outcomes analysis following major head and neck cancer surgery in order to identify risk factors for complications and in‐hospital mortality, as well as areas whose closer examination and formal benchmarking in the context of local and national quality assurance audits may lead to improved results for this condition.DesignAn analysis using Hospital Episode Statistics data.SettingsAll units undertaking major head and neck cancer surgery in England.Main outcome measuresCancer sites, co‐morbidities, social deprivation, surgical and non‐surgical treatments, complications, and in‐hospital mortality were recorded. Regression analysis was used for casemix adjustment and for identifying independent predictors of complications and mortality. Funnel plots were used for data visualisation.ResultsWe identified 10 589 major head and neck cancer operations performed in England between 2006 and 2011. There were 7312 males, and mean age at surgery was 63 ± 13 years. Oral cavity (42%) and the larynx (28%) were the commonest cancer sites. At least one complication occurred in 33.1% of patients, and there were 322 (3.05%) in‐hospital deaths. Variables associated with in‐hospital mortality were trust volume, age, co‐morbidities, performing emergency major surgery and performing a tracheostomy or reconstructive surgery. Occurrence of major medical complications including pulmonary infections (7%), major acute cardiovascular events (4.7%) and acute renal failure (0.6%) also increased mortality risk. The analysis identified units that were outside of crude and risk‐adjusted 99.8% limits of confidence for complications and mortality.ConclusionMortality following head and neck cancer surgery shows significant national variation and is associated with fixed risk factors like age and co‐morbidities, but also with modifiable risk factors like performing major surgery during an emergency admission, tracheostomy, reconstructive surgery and medical complications. We propose that the quality of tracheostomy care, reconstructive surgery, emergency major surgery rate, and occurrence and treatment of major medical complications should be closely examined and formally benchmarked as part of loco‐regional and national quality improvement audits.
THE SICH AND OTHER EXPEDITIONS TO CHINA AND THE FAR EAST, 1982–2003
Authors: Kirkham Tony 
Published: December 2013

SummaryRecent collecting expeditions from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Quarryhill Botanic Garden, California and the Howick Arboretum in Northumberland, are listed and some of the noteworthy plants which have been introduced are described.
771. CYCLOCARYA PALIURUS
Authors: Crane Peter R. , DuVal Ashley 
Published: December 2013

SummaryCyclocarya paliurus (Batalin) Iljinskaya, an endemic tree of China and the sole living species of a very distinctive genus of Juglandaceae, is described, and an overview of its phylogenetic relationships and fossil record is provided. Fossil occurrences of Cyclocarya indicate that the genus was already differentiated around 55 million years ago and was once widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. The current restriction of Cyclocarya to China is the result of regional extinction in North America and Europe during the Cenozoic.
Functioning and disability after stroke in children: using the ICF‐CY to classify health outcome and inform future clinical research priorities
Authors: Gordon Anne L 
Published: December 2013

AimThe International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health, Child‐Youth version (ICF‐CY) provides a framework for describing and evaluating health, intervention outcomes, and needs assessment. It can, however, also serve as a system for classifying the focus of outcome studies and identification of gaps in current knowledge.MethodThe paediatric arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) population was targeted. Multiple databases were systematically searched for AIS outcome studies focussing on functioning or disability. Findings were rated using the ICF‐CY framework.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies were identified. Most were cross‐sectional and age range at assessment varied widely. Sixty‐seven different standardized measures were used, predominantly evaluating body functions. The most common domains of activity and participation reported were learning and applying knowledge, general tasks and demands, and self‐care skills. Health‐related quality of life was measured in nine papers. Environmental factors were rarely evaluated.InterpretationAIS outcome studies addressing the relationship between body structures and functions (e.g. brain lesion characteristics, neurological examination findings) and activities, participation, and quality of life have emerged in recent years. Comparison of findings across studies is complicated by design and tool selection. The relationship between components of activity limitation and participation restriction is rarely explored.
Changes in procoagulants track longitudinally with insulin resistance: findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Authors: Klein O. L. , Okwuosa T. , Chan C. , Schreiner P. , Kanaya A. M. , Liu K. , Green D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsTo examine the association between changes in procoagulants (fibrinogen factors VII and VIII and von Willebrand factor) and the risk of insulin resistance.MethodsUsing data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, we followed 2398 black and white adults without diabetes, aged 25–37 years at year 7, to year 20. Levels of fibrinogen factors VII and VIII and von Willebrand factor were divided in tertiles (low/middle/high) at years 7 and 20 and four groups reflecting changes were defined: ‘low’ (low at years 7 and 20), ‘stable’ (low/middle at years 7 and 20, but not both low at years 7 and 20), ‘high’ (high at year 7 and low/middle at year 20; or low/middle at year 7 and high at year 20) and ‘highest’ (high at years 7 and 20). Linear regression models were used to evaluate 13‐year changes (year 20–year 7) in fibrinogen level and factors VII, VIII and von Willebrand change groups in relation to insulin resistance measures.ResultsHomeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (year 20) and changes in log homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (year 20–year 7) were significantly associated with the 13‐year increase in fibrinogen (P < 0.001). Compared with participants in the low group, those in the high group had significantly higher levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (year 20) and changes in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (year 20–year 7) for fibrinogen factor VII and von Willebrand factor (P < 0.017). No significant associations were observed between fibrinogen VIII and insulin resistance measures.ConclusionsAn increase in fibrinogen level and persistently high levels of factor VII and von Willebrand factor are significantly associated with increased risk of insulin resistance. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms to explain the heightened risk for thrombosis in adults with insulin resistance/diabetes.
Associations of blood glucose and prevalent diabetes with risk of cardiovascular disease in 500 000 adult Chinese: the China Kadoorie Biobank
Authors: Bragg F. , Li L. , Smith M. , Guo Y. , Chen Y. , Millwood I. , Bian Z. , Walters R. , Chen J. , Yang L. , Collins R. , Peto R. , Lu Y. , Yu B. , Xie X. , Lei Y. , Luo G. , Chen Z. ,   the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsTo examine the relationship of self‐reported diabetes, and of random blood glucose levels among individuals without known diabetes, with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults.MethodsWe examined cross‐sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank of 0.5 million people aged 30–79 years recruited from 10 diverse regions of China in the period 2004–2008. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios of prevalent cardiovascular disease associated with self‐reported diabetes, and with measured random blood glucose levels among participants with no history of diabetes, adjusting simultaneously for age, sex, area, education, smoking, alcohol, blood pressure and physical activity.ResultsA total of 3.2% of participants had self‐reported diabetes (men 2.9%; women 3.3%) and 2.8% had screen‐detected diabetes (men 2.6%; women 2.8%), i.e. they had no self‐reported history of diabetes but a blood glucose level suggestive of a diagnosis of diabetes. Compared with individuals without a history of diabetes, the odds ratios associated with self‐reported diabetes were 2.18 (95% CI 2.06–2.30) and 1.88 (95% CI 1.75–2.01) for prevalent ischaemic heart disease and stroke/transient ischaemic attack, respectively. Among participants without self‐reported diabetes there was a positive association between random blood glucose and ischaemic heart disease and stroke/transient ischaemic attack prevalence (P for trend <0.0001). Below the diabetic threshold (<11.1 mmol/l) each additional 1 mmol/l of random blood glucose was associated with 4% (95% CI 2–5%) and 5% (95% CI 3–7%) higher odds of prevalent ischaemic heart disease and stroke/transient ischaemic attack, respectively.ConclusionsIn this adult Chinese population, self‐reported diabetes was associated with a doubling of the odds of prevalent cardiovascular disease. Below the threshold for diabetes there was still a modest, positive association between random blood glucose and prevalent cardiovascular disease.
Multimodality Imaging of Holmes Heart with Parachute Mitral Valve
Authors: Sethi Rishi , Kharwar Rajiv Bharat , Sharma Akhil , Kumar Vikas , Narain Varun Shankar 
Published: December 2013

Mini‐AbstractUniventricular heart is a type of congenital heart defect that is characterized by presence of a single ventricle or 2 ventricular chambers in which one of the ventricle is hypoplastic. Holmes heart is a variety of single ventricle with double inlet left ventricle and a rudimentary right ventricle along with normally related great arteries. Other defects that are associated with single ventricle are mitral or tricuspid atresia, subaortic stenosis, coarctation of aorta, and pulmonic stenosis or atresia. We describe a case of a 10‐year‐old boy with effort dyspnea and cyanosis who was diagnosed to have Holmes heart type of univentricular heart with parachute mitral valve on evaluation with two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional echocardiography and multidetector computed tomography.