bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Performance in Albumin and Total Protein Measurement Using a Commutable Specimen: Results of a College of American Pathologists Study
Authors: Lo Stanley F. , Miller W. Greg , Doumas Basil T. 
Published: June 2013

Context.—Discrepant results for serum constituents were observed among peer groups in the College of American Pathologists Comprehensive Chemistry Survey.Objectives.—To assess the performance of serum albumin and total protein measurement procedures and to evaluate the commutability of the conventional survey specimens.Design.—A fresh frozen, off-the-clot serum sample was included along with 4 conventional survey specimens. The fresh frozen, off-the-clot serum sample was prepared in a manner expected to confer commutability with native clinical samples.Results.—For the fresh frozen, off-the-clot serum sample, the mean values for 17 peer-groups were −0.07 to 0.32 g/dL from the bromocresol green albumin designated comparison method, whereas 4 VITROS (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, New York) peer groups differed by −0.29 to −0.37 g/dL (15 of 21 differences [71%] had P &lt; .001). For bromocresol purple albumin methods, the mean differences from the designated comparison method from 8 peer groups were 0.25 to 0.47 g/dL (all had P &lt; .001). For total protein methods, 23 peer group mean values were −0.07 to 0.15 g/dL from the reference measurement procedure (12 of 24 [50%] had P &lt; .001). The Beckman (Fullerton, California) Synchron LX20 had a bias of −0.30 g/dL (P &lt;.001). The commutability of the conventional specimens was acceptable for 23 of 24 bromocresol green method-material combinations (96%) and 13 of 16 bromocresol purple albumin method-material combinations (81%). All (100%) of the 36 method-material combinations had acceptable commutability for total protein.Conclusions.—One (2.2%) of the instrument systems (Synchron) using bromocresol green and none (0%) of the instrument systems using bromocresol purple had satisfactory total-error performance for albumin measurement. Differences in results between bromocresol green and bromocresol purple methods precluded using common reference intervals for interpreting results for serum albumin. Eight of 9 instrument systems (86.5%) had satisfactory total-error performance for total protein measurement.
Dry‐Type Artificial Muscles Based on Pendent Sulfonated Chitosan and Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Greatly Enhanced Ionic Interactions and Mechanical Stiffness
Authors: Jeon Jin‐Han , Cheedarala Ravi Kumar , Kee Chang‐Doo , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBiopolymer‐based artificial muscles are promising candidates for biomedical applications and smart electronic textiles due to their multifaceted advantages like natural abundance, eco‐friendliness, cost‐effectiveness, easy chemical modification and high electical reactivity. However, the biopolymer‐based actuators are showing relatively low actuation performance compared with synthetic electroactive polymers because of inadequate mechanical stiffness, low ionic conductivity and ionic exchange capacity (IEC), and poor durability over long‐term activation. This paper reports a high‐performance electro‐active nano‐biopolymer based on pendent sulfonated chitosan (PSC) and functionalized graphene oxide (GO), exhibiting strong electro‐chemo‐mechanical interations with ionic liquid (IL) in open air environment. The proposed GO‐PSC‐IL nano‐biopolymer membrane shows an icnreased tensile strength and ionic exchange capacity of up to 44.8% and 83.1%, respectively, and increased ionic conductivity of over 18 times, resulting in two times larger bending actuation than the pure chitosan actuator under electrical input signals. Eventually, the GO‐PSC‐IL actuators could show robust and high‐performance actuation even at the very low applied voltages that are required in realistic applications.
Highly Fluorescent and Photostable Probe for Long‐Term Bacterial Viability Assay Based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Zhao Engui , Hong Yuning , Chen Sijie , Leung Chris W. T. , Chan Carrie Y. K. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLong‐term tracking of bacterial viability is of great importance for monitoring the viability change of bacteria under storage, evaluating disinfection efficiency, as well as for studying the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antibacterials. Most of the conventional viability dyes, however, suffer from high toxicity and/or poor photostability, making them unsuitable for long‐term studies. In this work, an aggregation‐induced emission molecule, TPE‐2BA, which can differentiate dead and living bacteria and serve as a highly fluorescent and photostable probe for long‐term viability assay. TPE‐2BA is a cell‐impermeable DNA stain that binds to the groove of double‐stranded DNA. Bacteria with compromised membrane open the access for TPE‐2BA to reach DNA, endowing it with strong emission. The feasibility of using TPE‐2BA for screening effective bactericides is also demonstrated. Plate count experiment reveals that TPE‐2BA poses negligible toxicity to bacteria, indicating that it is an excellent probe for long‐term bacterial viability assay.
Nanodevices for Cellular Interfaces and Electrophysiological Recording
Authors: Yang Long , Li Yuanchang , Fang Ying 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAdvances in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies offer important opportunities for cellular interfaces. This Research News highlights some recent progress on cellular electrophysiology enabled by using nanostructures as active elements of bioelectronic devices. We begin with a brief description of signal transduction mechanism at device‐cell interfaces and then explain the challenges of currently available techniques. Next, specific examples with substantial potential in both extracellular and intracellular electrophysiological recording are given to illustrate the remarkable power of nanostructures and their devices. We will conclude with a discussion of some exciting directions that are currently being pursued in flexible, 3D bioelectronics.
Recent Progress in Supercapacitors: From Materials Design to System Construction
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSupercapacitors are currently attracting intensive attention because they can provide energy density by orders of magnitude higher than dielectric capacitors, greater power density, and longer cycling ability than batteries. The main challenge for supercapacitors is to develop them with high energy density that is close to that of a current rechargeable battery, while maintaining their inherent characteristics of high power and long cycling life. Consequently, much research has been devoted to enhance the performance of supercapacitors by either maximizing the specific capacitance and/or increasing the cell voltage. The latest advances in the exploration and development of new supercapacitor systems and related electrode materials are highlighted. Also, the prospects and challenges in practical application are analyzed, aiming to give deep insights into the material science and electrochemical fields.
Overcoming the “Light‐Soaking” Issue in Inverted Organic Solar Cells by the Use of Al:ZnO Electron Extraction Layers
Authors: Trost Sara , Zilberberg Kirill , Behrendt Andreas , Polywka Andreas , Görrn Patrick , Reckers Philip , Maibach Julia , Mayer Thomas , Riedl Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA common phenomenon of organic solar cells (OSCs) incorporating metal‐oxide electron extraction layers is the requirement to expose the devices to UV light in order to improve device characteristics – known as the so‐called “light‐soaking” issue. This behaviour appears to be of general validity for various metal‐oxide layers, various organic donor/acceptor systems, and regardless if single junction devices or multi stacked cells are considered. The requirement of UV exposure of OSCs may impose severe problems if substrates with limited UV transmission, UV blocking filters or UV to VIS down‐conversion concepts are applied. In this paper, we will demonstrate that this issue can be overcome by the use of Al doped ZnO (AZO) as electron extraction interlayer. In contrast to devices based on TiOx and ZnO, the AZO devices show well‐behaved solar cell characteristics with a high fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) even without the UV spectral components of the AM1.5 solar spectrum. As opposed to previous claims, our results indicate that the origin of s‐shaped characteristics of the OSCs is the metal‐oxide/organic interface. The electronic structures of the TiOx/fullerene and AZO/fullerene interfaces are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing an electron extraction barrier for the TiOx/fullerene case and facilitated electron extraction for AZO/fullerene. These results are of general relevance for organic solar cells based on various donor acceptor active systems.
The duplication 17p13.3 phenotype: Analysis of 21 families delineates developmental, behavioral and brain abnormalities, and rare variant phenotypes
Authors: Curry Cynthia J. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Grant Erica , Gripp Karen W. , Anderson Carol , Aylsworth Arthur S. , Saad Taha Ben , Chizhikov Victor V. , Dybose Giedre , Fagerberg Christina , Falco Michelle , Fels Christina , Fichera Marco , Graakjaer Jesper , Greco Donatella , Hair Jennifer , Hopkins Elizabeth , Huggins Marlene , Ladda Roger , Li Chumei , Moeschler John , Nowaczyk Malgorzata J.M. , Ozmore Jillian R. , Reitano Santina , Romano Corrado , Roos Laura , Schnur Rhonda E. , Sell Susan , Suwannarat Pim , Svaneby Dea , Szybowska Marta , Tarnopolsky Mark , Tervo Raymond , Tsai Anne Chun‐Hui , Tucker Megan , Vallee Stephanie , Wheeler Ferrin C , Zand Dina J. , Barkovich A. James , Aradhya Swaroop , Shaffer Lisa G. , Dobyns William B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChromosome 17p13.3 is a gene rich region that when deleted is associated with the well‐known Miller–Dieker syndrome. A recently described duplication syndrome involving this region has been associated with intellectual impairment, autism and occasional brain MRI abnormalities. We report 34 additional patients from 21 families to further delineate the clinical, neurological, behavioral, and brain imaging findings. We found a highly diverse phenotype with inter‐ and intrafamilial variability, especially in cognitive development. The most specific phenotype occurred in individuals with large duplications that include both the YWHAE and LIS1 genes. These patients had a relatively distinct facial phenotype and frequent structural brain abnormalities involving the corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis, and cranial base. Autism spectrum disorders were seen in a third of duplication probands, most commonly in those with duplications of YWHAE and flanking genes such as CRK. The typical neurobehavioral phenotype was usually seen in those with the larger duplications. We did not confirm the association of early overgrowth with involvement of YWHAE and CRK, or growth failure with duplications of LIS1. Older patients were often overweight. Three variant phenotypes included cleft lip/palate (CLP), split hand/foot with long bone deficiency (SHFLD), and a connective tissue phenotype resembling Marfan syndrome. The duplications in patients with clefts appear to disrupt ABR, while the SHFLD phenotype was associated with duplication of BHLHA9 as noted in two recent reports. The connective tissue phenotype did not have a convincing critical region. Our experience with this large cohort expands knowledge of this diverse duplication syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medulloblastoma in a patient with the PTPN11 p.Thr468Met mutation
Authors: Rankin Julia , Short John , Turnpenny Peter , Castle Bruce , Hanemann C. Oliver 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMedulloblastoma is the commonest brain tumor in childhood and in a minority of patients is associated with an underlying genetic disorder such as Gorlin syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis. Increased susceptibility to certain tumors, including neuroblastoma and some hematological malignancies, is recognized in disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the RAS signaling pathway which include Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML; formerly called LEOPARD syndrome), Costello syndrome, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Legius syndrome, and Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), collectively termed RASopathies. Although an association between medulloblastoma and NF1 has been reported, this tumor has not previously been reported in other RASopathies. We present a patient with NSML caused by the recurrent PTPN11 mutation c.1403C > T (p.Thr468Met) in whom medulloblastoma was diagnosed at age 10 years. Medulloblastoma could therefore be part of the tumor spectrum associated with this disorder. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Confirmation of GRHL2 as the gene for the DFNA28 locus
Authors: Vona Barbara , Nanda Indrajit , Neuner Cordula , Müller Tobias , Haaf Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMore than 10 years ago, a c.1609_1610insC mutation in the grainyhead‐like 2 (GRHL2) gene was identified in a large family with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss, so far presenting the only evidence for GRHL2 being an autosomal‐dominant deafness gene (DFNA28). Here, we report on a second large family, in which post‐lingual hearing loss with a highly variable age of onset and progression segregated with a heterozygous non‐classical splice site mutation in GRHL2. The c.1258‐1G>A mutation disrupts the acceptor recognition sequence of intron 9, creating a new AG splice site, which is shifted by only one nucleotide in the 3′ direction. cDNA analysis confirmed a p.Gly420Glufs*111 frameshift mutation in exon 10. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dr. Peter Emil Becker and the Third Reich
Authors: Hill Frank 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn 1985 the physician after whom Becker Muscular Dystrophy is named, German neurologist Dr. Peter Emil Becker (1908−2000), published an autobiographical article in the American Journal of Medical Genetics in which he disavowed any association with the Nazi Party. A closer look at the evidence, however, suggests otherwise. Review of war records and related sources raise concern for Dr. Becker's affiliation with the Nazi Party and his contributions to its ideology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corannulene‐Fused Anion‐Responsive π‐Conjugated Molecules that Form Self‐Assemblies with Unique Electronic Properties
Authors: Bando Yuya , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Seki Shu , Maeda Hiromitsu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe fusion of bowl‐shaped π‐conjugated corannulene units to anion‐responsive π‐conjugated dipyrrolyldiketone‐boron complexes resulted in new molecular materials with a unique self‐assembly capability. The bowl‐fused receptor with aliphatic tails could form both supramolecular gels and mesophases through π‐stacking interactions and also exhibited anion‐responsive characteristics. The presence of the π‐bowl unit not only afforded enhanced self‐assembly capability both in solution and in the mesophases, as evidenced by gelation experiments and phase‐transition profiles, but also enhanced intrinsic charge‐carrier mobility.
Sexual Exploitation, Selling and Swapping Sex: Victimhood and Agency
Authors: Dodsworth Jane 
Published: June 2013

Drawing on a qualitative study of women involved in sex work in the UK, this paper focuses on the participants who became involved in sexual exploitation or, what some of them saw as, selling or swapping sex for non‐monetary ‘payment’, under the age of 18. A central aim of the study was to develop an understanding of how the meaning ascribed to risk and protective factors influenced perceptions of victimhood and agency. Findings indicate that the key determinants of pathway outcomes were: whether, and how, the search for approval and affection was resolved; whether feeling ‘different’ led to a sense of defeat or strengthened resolve; whether coping strategies were adaptive or maladaptive; and whether individuals experienced the availability of a secure base. The findings suggest the need for policy which acknowledges the expertise and views of the young people involved, recognises the importance of early intervention, and is holistic in service provision not only for young people who are victims of sexual exploitation, but also for those who perceive that they have exercised agency, albeit from limited options, about their involvement in selling or swapping sex. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘How the meaning ascribed to risk and protective factors influenced perceptions of victimhood and agency’Key Practitioner Messages

Policy and service provision must acknowledge the agency, expertise and views of the young people involved in sexual exploitation.
We need to build on the good practice already in existence in continuing to develop a model of intervention which promotes security and resilience.
Service interventions with young people involved in or at risk of sexual exploitation, selling and swapping sex must be trust building, respectful, relationship based, solution focused and strengths based.‘Service interventions must be trust building, respectful, relationship based, solution focused and strengths based’
Euler angles: conversion of arbitrary rotation sequences to specific rotation sequence
Authors: Perumal Logah 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTEuler angles have been used to describe the orientation of objects in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional spaces since its formulation by Leonhard Euler. Many applications intended to represent the rotation of a body have been developed on the basis of Euler angles. Two‐dimensional rotations are combined in sequence to represent three‐dimensional rotations. Because there are three axes in a three‐dimensional Euclidean space (X, Y and Z), 12 rotation sequences in three dimensions are possible: XYZ, XZY, YXZ, YZX, ZXY, ZYX, XYX, ZYZ, ZXZ, YXY, XZX and YZY. Each rotation sequence yields different results, and different applications implement a different rotation sequence. Thus, conversion between different rotation sequences becomes essential to make applications developed in different rotation sequences compatible with each other. In this paper, a new method is introduced to convert arbitrary rotation sequences to a specific rotation sequence of choice. A sample program is also developed in a MATLAB‐Simulink environment to demonstrate the use of the new method in converting an arbitrary Euler rotation sequence to the specific Euler rotation sequence of XYZ. A six‐degrees‐of‐freedom animation block is used in the program to aid users to graphically see the rotation of a body in three‐dimensional space. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of receipt personalization on tipping behavior
Authors: Kinard Brian R. , Kinard Jerry L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that personalizing receipts, such as drawing “smiley faces” and writing “thank you” notes on customer bills to express gratitude, can result in larger tips for restaurant wait staff. Although the practice of receipt personalization has been supported using field experiments, limited research has examined the effectiveness of this technique based on the level of service quality provided by restaurant wait staff. Using a scenario‐based approach, we found from this study that adding a personalized message significantly lowers tip percentages. Moreover, the negative effect is magnified when service quality fails to exceed customer expectations. Implications related to the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Hydrostatic Pressure on an Intrinsically Disordered Protein: A High‐Pressure NMR Study of α‐Synuclein
Authors: Roche Julien , Ying Jinfa , Maltsev Alexander S. , Bax Ad 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe impact of pressure on the backbone 15N, 1H and 13C chemical shifts in N‐terminally acetylated α‐synuclein has been evaluated over a pressure range 1–2500 bar. Even while the chemical shifts fall very close to random coil values, as expected for an intrinsically disordered protein, substantial deviations in the pressure dependence of the chemical shifts are seen relative to those in short model peptides. In particular, the nonlinear pressure response of the 1HN chemical shifts, which commonly is associated with the presence of low‐lying “excited states”, is much larger in α‐synuclein than in model peptides. The linear pressure response of 1HN chemical shift, commonly linked to H‐bond length change, correlates well with those in short model peptides, and is found to be anticorrelated with its temperature dependence. The pressure dependence of 13C chemical shifts shows remarkably large variations, even when accounting for residue type, and do not point to a clear shift in population between different regions of the Ramachandran map. However, a nearly universal decrease in 3JHN–Hα by 0.22±0.05 Hz suggests a slight increase in population of the polyproline II region at 2500 bar. The first six residues of N‐terminally acetylated synuclein show a transient of approximately 15 % population of α‐helix, which slightly diminishes at 2500 bar. The backbone dynamics of the protein is not visibly affected beyond the effect of slight increase in water viscosity at 2500 bar.
Structure and Activity of NADPH‐Dependent Reductase Q1EQE0 from Streptomyces kanamyceticus, which Catalyses the R‐Selective Reduction of an Imine Substrate
Authors: Rodríguez‐Mata María , Frank Annika , Wells Elizabeth , Leipold Friedemann , Turner Nicholas J. , Hart Sam , Turkenburg Johan P. , Grogan Gideon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNADPH‐dependent oxidoreductase Q1EQE0 from Streptomyces kanamyceticus catalyzes the asymmetric reduction of the prochiral monocyclic imine 2‐methyl‐1‐pyrroline to the chiral amine (R)‐2‐methylpyrrolidine with >99 % ee, and is thus of interest as a potential biocatalyst for the production of optically active amines. The structures of Q1EQE0 in native form, and in complex with the nicotinamide cofactor NADPH have been solved and refined to a resolution of 2.7 Å. Q1EQE0 functions as a dimer in which the monomer consists of an N‐terminal Rossman‐fold motif attached to a helical C‐terminal domain through a helix of 28 amino acids. The dimer is formed through reciprocal domain sharing in which the C‐terminal domains are swapped, with a substrate‐binding cleft formed between the N‐terminal subunit of monomer A and the C‐terminal subunit of monomer B. The structure is related to those of known β‐hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, except that the essential lysine, which serves as an acid/base in the (de)protonation of the nascent alcohol in those enzymes, is replaced by an aspartate residue, Asp187 in Q1EQE0. Mutation of Asp187 to either asparagine or alanine resulted in an inactive enzyme.