bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The student of the higher educational institution and career management: science and practice of professional success
Authors: Игошина Ирина , Igoshina Irina 
Published: February 2014

The article presents the system of career management of
student of a higher educational institution, including the mechanisms
of personal organization, personal career planning, career
advancement and organizational communication. The system is
designed to ensure the efficiency and quality of employment, career
success of young specialists.
Career management
Authors: Комаров Евгений , Komarov Evgeniy 
Published: February 2014

The article is devoted to the problems of staff career management
business enterprises. It discusses the types of career, the constituent
parts of the system, career motivation, Peter principle and
relevant official promotion, as well as constituent parts of a career.
Career management issues on a few sources, and those are mostly
written by foreign authors. In the modern Russian practice, there is
no fundamental source, which would be revealed the specifics of
this kind of corporate management.
Philosophy and theory of management in the society and economy of knowledge
Authors: Трошихин Владимир , Troshikhin Vladimir 
Published: February 2014

The article studies the scope of questions disclosing ultimate
foundations of the theory of management not only as a set of
disciplines, which constitute and interpret it, but as an integral
philosophical and methodological approach inscribed in modern
world outlook. Alongside with this, the article discloses such function
of management as decision making in the conditions of risk and
substantiates the necessity of developing the national model of management.
Analysis of the main methods of integrated risk management of real investment in the industry
Authors: Мкртумян Нина , Mkrtumyan Nina 
Published: February 2014

This article analyzes the basic management and impact assessment
of the effect of risk on real investment production enterprise. The
greatest attention is paid to the method of simulation and integrated risk
management method based on the use of real options . The article recommends
using a real option as the most efficient and progressive method
of integrated risk management. In the final part the article concludes on
the need to build complex systems in organizations that can assess and
fix a large range of risks the organization, and also to control them, in
order to minimize their impact on the overall performance.
Legislating process of the State in the Roman-Germanic legal family
Authors: Парфенова Татьяна , Parfenova Tatyana 
Published: February 2014

The article is devoted to the concept and types of legislating
in the modern theory of law is studied here. The problem of
determining the legislating process as an activity directed on creation
of the legal act called the most significant element of the structure
of existing law is also risen here. Such approach is explained by the
feature of the Romano-Germanic law, which by its nature and character
is a statutory law, led by the main law. Relying on comparative
researches, the article discusses in detail the form of legislating directly
related to the activities of the State law-making, by-laws making
and judicial legislating. Legislation for the Romano-Germanic
law, due to the postulates based in the Roman law, is one of the most
significant kinds of legislating. A very important role, along with
legislating plays by-laws creating, otherwise legislating of the executive
bodies. Analyzing the controversial issue of judicial legislating
in the Roman-Germanic legal family, the author points out the
different role of the court depending on either Roman or German
group is ment. For the Roman legal family court practiceis a source
of law, which is the most significant. The article concludes the overview
of the forms of legislating related to the activities of the state
indirectly. These include contract legislating and legislating of legal
custom.
Ownership in the constitutional dimension
Authors: Серова Ольга , Serova Olga 
Published: February 2014

The twentieth anniversary of the Constitution of Russian
Federation makes rethink its influence on the development of legislation, formation of judicial practice and the doctrine of the
civil law. Analysis of changes in the civil law, decisions of the Constitutional
Court of Russian Federation suggests the implementation
of the mechanism of “reverse effect”. Action of constitutional
principles is transformed in humanistic, social sphere of
civil law.
Optimal Multiperiod Pricing with Service Guarantees
Authors: Borgs Christian , Candogan Ozan , Chayes Jennifer , Lobel Ilan , Nazerzadeh Hamid 
Published: February 2014

We study the multiperiod pricing problem of a service firm with capacity levels that vary over time. Customers are heterogeneous in their arrival and departure periods as well as valuations, and are fully strategic with respect to their purchasing decisions. The firm's problem is to set a sequence of prices that maximizes its revenue while guaranteeing service to all paying customers. We provide a dynamic programming based algorithm that computes the optimal sequence of prices for this problem in polynomial time. We show that due to the presence of strategic customers, available service capacity at a time period may bind the price offered at another time period. This phenomenon leads the firm to utilize the same price in multiple periods, in effect limiting the number of different prices that the service firm utilizes in optimal price policies. Also, when customers become more strategic (patient for service), the firm offers higher prices. This may lead to the underutilization of capacity, lower revenues, and reduced customer welfare. We observe that the firm can combat this problem if it has an ability, beyond posted prices, to direct customers to different service periods. This paper was accepted by Dimitris Bertsimas, optimization.
Ecocinema for all: Reassembling the audience
Authors: Tong Chris 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
However well-intentioned, the ‘audience’ may be a limiting concept in ecocinema studies. The audience does not sit passively in front of the screen, but rather participates actively in the world of multimedia. In fact, there is no hard and fast boundary between actors and spectators, producers and consumers, senders and receivers, academics and fans. Ecocinema studies benefits greatly from this insight: researchers can now turn to the most general user of media, i.e. everyone. The more we open ourselves to how others view ecocinema, the more we can uncover - rather than suppress - cinema’s latent richness. An inclusive dialogue on ecocinema keeps us attuned to the sense of coexistence that is the hallmark of ecological thinking. In this article, I propose four modes of viewing ecocinema: activist, allegorical, evocative, realist.
Towards a political economy of ecodocumentary
Authors: Selheim Megan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Documentary film has long been a tool used by progressive political and social movements to raise awareness of social issues and to advocate for action to create change. This is especially true for documentarians working within the environmental movement. However, film-makers often fail to take into account the role economics plays in their ability to have their film seen by the public, and how certain portrayals within the film may undermine its ability to effect social change. Analyses of An Inconvenient Truth (Guggenheim, 2006), The Cove (Psihoyos, 2009) and Journey to the End of Coal (Bollendorf and Segretin 2008) show how traditional modes of documentary distribution fail to reach the desired audience, while exploring non-traditional distribution models and outlets may be more effective in using film to spur social activism. Film-makers need to re-envision their relationship with the audience to create work with more impact and to use audience involvement to garner a larger viewership.
Princess Mononoke and beyond: New nature narratives for children
Authors: Thevenin Benjamin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Eco-cinema for children is a growing sub-genre of film that attempts to introduce environmental issues to young audiences. The conventional approach employed by many of these films from Bambi (Algar et al., 1942) to The Lorax (Renaud and Bauda, 2012) is to use a melodramatic narrative structure in which heroic nature is pitted against harmful humanity. The use of melodrama makes sense given the narrative tradition’s revolutionary roots and its accessibility to wide (and young) audiences. However, the efficacy of such an approach is debatable, especially in regards to its positioning of the audience as passive consumers rather than active participants. Given the understanding of film viewers as ‘active audiences’, this issue of the subjectivity of the child spectator is especially important. The following article engages in a comparative analysis of the conventional approach to eco-cinema for children and a new nature narrative, principally demonstrated by Hayao Miyazaki’s Princess Mononoke (1997). While including certain elements from melodrama, Mononoke is able to more effectively represent some of the complexities of environmental discourse and subsequently encourage more critical, active participation among its young viewers. Finally, the article argues that Princess Mononoke initiated a new trend in nature narratives for children, and that films like Wall-E (Stanton, 2008) continue to demonstrate the efficacy of eco-cinema for children that artfully balances complexity with accessibility.
Diversification of mammals from the Miocene of Spain
Authors: Domingo M. Soledad , Badgley Catherine , Azanza Beatriz , DeMiguel Daniel , Alberdi M. Teresa 
Published: February 2014

The mammalian fossil record of Spain is long and taxonomically well resolved, offering the most complete record of faunal change for the Neogene of Europe. We evaluated changes in diversification, composition, trophic structure, and size structure of large mammals over the middle and late Miocene with methods applied to this record for the first time, including ordination of fossil localities to improve temporal resolution and estimation of confidence intervals on taxa temporal ranges. By contrast, analysis within the traditional Mammal Neogene (MN) biochronology obscures important aspects of diversification. We used inferred temporal ranges of species and evaluated per capita rates of origination, extinction, diversification, and turnover over 0.5-Myr time intervals.Three periods of significant faunal change occurred between 12.0 and 5.5 Ma: (1) From 12.0 to 10.5 Ma, elevated origination rates led to an increase in diversity without significant change in ecological structure. Immigrants and geographic-range shifts of species to lower latitudes during an interval of global cooling contributed to these faunal changes. (2) From 9.5 to 7.5 Ma, high extinction rates followed by high origination rates coincided with significant changes in taxonomic composition and ecological structure. These changes represent the Vallesian Crisis, with replacement of a fauna of forest affinities (with frugivores and browsers) by a fauna of open woodlands (with grazers and mixed feeders). (3) From 6.5 to 5.5 Ma, high extinction rates reduced diversity without substantial changes in ecological structure, and large mammal faunas became highly endemic across the northern Mediterranean region. This interval includes the Messinian Salinity Crisis, the desiccation of the Mediterranean basin. Extinction may have been caused by geographic isolation and aridification, with evolution of endemic lineages giving rise to new species in the early Pliocene. These distinct macroevolutionary patterns of faunal change correspond to different geographic scales of inferred climatic and tectonic drivers.
Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Dentin Hypersensitivity in Adult and Elderly Populations From Porto Alegre, Brazil
Authors: Costa Ricardo S.A. , Rios Fernando S. , Moura Mauricio S. , Jardim Juliana J. , Maltz Marisa , Haas Alex N. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a clinical condition with potential implications for patients. However, little is known about its occurrence and determinants in the general population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and risk indicators of DH in Porto Alegre, Brazil.Methods: A representative multistage probability sample of 1,023 adults aged ≥35 years was obtained. Individuals were interviewed and clinically examined in their homes. DH was assessed dichotomously in all present teeth by a blast of air and a manual probe. Teeth restored with crowns and presenting with carious cavitation were excluded. Survey logistic regression using sampling weights was applied to assess demographics and behavioral and clinical determinants.Results: Overall prevalence estimates for DH diagnosed by air and probe were 33.4% and 34.2%. DH affected ≈1 tooth per individual, and approximately 10% of teeth with gingival recession (GR) had DH. In a multivariable model for DH diagnosed with air, females had increased chance of DH (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.57 to 2.91). Smoking, periodontal treatment, and GR were also associated with increased DH risk. The chance of DH was lower (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.76) among individuals ≥60 than among those aged 35 to 49 years. Oral hygiene practices, socioeconomic and education status, dental visits, and gingival inflammation were not associated with DH.Conclusions: DH may be considered a concern in a Brazilian general population. Reduction of DH may be achieved by smoking cessation and periodontal health improvements.
Increased Bacterial Invasion and Differential Expression of Tight‐Junction Proteins, Growth Factors, and Growth Factor Receptors in Periodontal Lesions
Authors: Choi Yun S. , Kim Yong C. , Ji Suk , Choi Youngnim 
Published: February 2014

Background: Many pathogens are known to modulate epithelial physical barriers, particularly tight‐junction (TJ) proteins, to enter host cells and/or tissues. Growth factors have been implicated in the regulation of TJ proteins. The aim of this study is to determine differences in the levels of TJ proteins, growth factors, and their receptors in relation to bacterial invasion in diseased gingival tissues obtained from patients with periodontitis.Methods: The presence of bacteria and expression of junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)‐A, occludin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), EGF receptor, KGF receptor, and IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) were evaluated in gingival tissues from healthy (n = 10) and diseased (n = 10) sites in patients with periodontitis by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.Results: The bacterial invasion of gingival tissue was increased in periodontal lesions compared with healthy sites. Although the levels of JAM‐A and occludin were not significantly different between the healthy and diseased sites, aberrant cytoplasmic expression of JAM‐A and occluding was often observed in the lesions. In addition, more leukocytes expressing JAM‐A or occludin were observed within the disease‐associated epithelia. Compared with the healthy sites, the differential expression of KGF, IGF‐I, and IGF‐1R was observed in the periodontal lesions. The levels of TJ proteins showed positive correlations with those of growth factors.Conclusion: The aberrant expression of growth factors and TJ proteins may contribute to increased bacterial invasion and disease progression in periodontal lesions.
The Effects of Corporate Governance, Competition, and Political Costs on Strategic Executive Pay Disclosure: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Hyun Jeong-Hoon , Kim Bum-Joon , Kwon Sewon , Shin Jae Yong 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
We examine factors influencing firms' strategic disclosure of executive pay in Korea. In Korea, executive pay is disclosed through directors' pay disclosure in a firm's annual report. Because the disclosure rules in Korea do not mandate but only recommend that firms distinguish between inside executive directors and outside nonexecutive directors when reporting the average pay of directors, this regulatory policy provides a unique opportunity to examine managers' incentives to opportunistically manage the disclosed levels of average executive pay. We find that strategic disclosure for cloaking executive pay prevails when firms have weak corporate governance and high (low) political costs of disclosing high levels of executive pay (making strategic disclosures), but that such disclosure is not associated with proprietary costs. Furthermore, using the subsample of firms that can choose between different types of strategic disclosures, we examine whether firms base their choice on the political costs of making the strategic disclosures. In our data setting, there are two major ways of strategically managing the disclosed average executive pay downward: (1) deliberate aggregation of inside and outside director pay in the calculation of average director pay, and (2) inclusion of part-time inside directors who receive a minimal or substantially low level of pay (which, of the two schemes, is the less visible). Our results suggest that the higher the political costs of a firm's strategic disclosures are, the less visible the firm's cloaking of executive pay will be.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the text.
Special Considerations for Older Adults With Diabetes Residing in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Haas Linda B. 
Published: February 2014

In Brief
About 25% of all residents of skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) have diabetes, and that proportion is expected to increase. SNF residents with diabetes have special needs related to nutrition, hydration, physical activity, and medical therapy. Vigilant assessment and maintenance of safety is also crucial for such patients, including but not limited to issues such as hyper- and hypoglycemia, polypharmacy, falls, lower-extremity problems, and transitions of care. Interventions to provide stable glycemic control; ensure adequate nutrition, hydration, and physical activity; decrease polypharmacy; prevent falls; facilitate transitions of care; and improve the diabetes-related knowledge of SNF staff can help to meet these needs. Although this article focuses on SNFs, many of the topics covered also apply to elderly people with diabetes in other long-term care settings.
Charities, Manufactures, and Taxes: The Montreal Sisters of Providence Spruce Gum Syrup Case, 1876–78
Authors: Little J.I. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract: Combining political, business, medical, and social history, this micro-historical study examines the cultural and ideological tensions that surfaced when Montreal's Sisters of Providence began marketing their spruce gum syrup throughout the province and beyond. The foray of a tax-free institution into the open marketplace challenged the liberal tenet of fair competition and ultimately represented a victory for conservative rights over the liberal order that historians claim dominated Quebec as well as the rest of Canada by the later nineteenth century.
Activism and Scholarship
Authors: Kealey Linda 
Published: February 2014

Abstract: Like a number of other authors in this series, Linda Kealey did not plan to become a historian. The history “bug” bit her in the 1970s as her interest in women's history emerged from involvement in social movements, particularly the women's movement. Her interest was also strengthened by significant female mentors at the University of Toronto. The exciting potential of social history and her social activism helped shape her research interests and theoretical frameworks. Women's work and women's involvement in political movements have been the central themes in her historical research and publications. During her thirty-two years in the profession, students have played an integral role in making her career such a rewarding and privileged experience.
Extensive basal ganglia edema caused by a traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula: a rare presentation related to a basal vein of Rosenthal anatomical variation
Authors: Ract Isabelle , Drier Aurélie , Leclercq Delphine , Sourour Nader , Gabrieli Joseph , Yger Marion , Nouet Aurélien , Dormont Didier , Chiras Jacques , Clarençon Frédéric 
Published: February 2014

The authors report a very rare presentation of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) with extensive edema of the basal ganglia and brainstem because of an anatomical variation of the basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR). A 45-year-old woman was admitted to the authors' institution for left hemiparesis, dysarthria, and a comatose state caused by right orbital trauma from a thin metal rod. Brain MRI showed a right CCF and vasogenic edema of the right side of the brainstem, right temporal lobe, and basal ganglia. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed a high-flow direct CCF and revealed a hypoplastic second segment of the BVR responsible for the hypertension in inferior striate veins and venous congestion. Endovascular treatment was performed on an emergency basis. One month after treatment, the patient's symptoms and MRI signal abnormalities almost totally disappeared.
Basal ganglia and brainstem venous congestion may occur in traumatic CCF in cases of a hypoplastic or agenetic second segment of the BVR and may provoke emergency treatment.
Relationship of syrinx size and tonsillar descent to spinal deformity in Chiari malformation Type I with associated syringomyelia
Authors: Godzik Jakub , Kelly Michael P. , Radmanesh Alireza , Kim David , Holekamp Terrence F. , Smyth Matthew D. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Shimony Joshua S. , Park Tae Sung , Leonard Jeffrey , Limbrick David D. 
Published: February 2014

Object
Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is a developmental abnormality often associated with a spinal syrinx. Patients with syringomyelia are known to have an increased risk of scoliosis, yet the influence of specific radiographically demonstrated features on the prevalence of scoliosis remains unclear. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship of maximum syrinx diameter and tonsillar descent to the presence of scoliosis in patients with CM-I–associated syringomyelia. A secondary objective was to explore the role of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) characteristics as additional risk factors for scoliosis.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of pediatric patients evaluated for CM-I with syringomyelia at a single institution in the period from 2000 to 2012. Syrinx morphology and CVJ parameters were evaluated with MRI, whereas the presence of scoliosis was determined using standard radiographic criteria. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze radiological features that were independently associated with scoliosis.

Results
Ninety-two patients with CM-I and syringomyelia were identified. The mean age was 10.5 ± 5 years. Thirty-five (38%) of 92 patients had spine deformity; 23 (66%) of these 35 patients were referred primarily for deformity, and 12 (34%) were diagnosed with deformity during workup for other symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed maximum syrinx diameter > 6 mm (OR 12.1, 95% CI 3.63–40.57, p < 0.001) and moderate (5–12 mm) rather than severe (> 12 mm) tonsillar herniation (OR 7.64, 95% CI 2.3–25.31, p = 0.001) as significant predictors of spine deformity when controlling for age, sex, and syrinx location.

Conclusions
The current study further elucidates the association between CM-I and spinal deformity by defining specific radiographic characteristics associated with the presence of scoliosis. Specifically, patients presenting with larger maximum syrinx diameters (> 6 mm) have an increased risk of scoliosis.