bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Perception of Gains versus Non‐losses and Losses versus Non‐gains: The Causal Role of Regulatory Focus
Authors: Sacchi Simona , Stanca Luca 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTRecent studies show that, while losses loom larger than equivalent non‐gains, gains loom larger than equivalent non‐losses. This finding has been interpreted within the framework of regulatory focus theory. In this study, we highlight the importance of considering the motivational focus independently of the framing and the valence of outcome, thus exploring the causal effect of regulatory focus on the asymmetric perception of gains versus non‐losses and losses versus non‐gains. In two studies, we examine the perceived effects of either actual or hypothetical changes in monetary wealth, while orthogonally manipulating framing, valence, and regulatory focus. We find a significant interaction between the three factors. The gain versus non‐loss asymmetry in perceived satisfaction is stronger in promotion focus, whereas the loss versus non‐gain asymmetry in perceived dissatisfaction is stronger in prevention focus. The results suggest that the effects of incentives framed in terms of (non)gains and (non)losses depend on their congruence with the individual's motivational state. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived Utility (not Sympathy) Mediates the Proportion Dominance Effect in Helping Decisions
Authors: Erlandsson Arvid , Björklund Fredrik , Bäckström Martin 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe proportion dominance effect (PDE) refers to a higher motivation to help when the victims are part of a small (you can help 56 out of 60) rather than a large (you can help 56 out of 560) reference group. In two studies using different experimental paradigms, we investigated possible mediators of the PDE. Study 1 (N = 168) was conducted in three separate steps in order to test each link of the mediator model independently. Students read six vignettes where it was possible to help a fixed number of victims but where the size of the reference group was either small or large. When the reference group was small, helping motivation and perceived utility were higher, whereas sympathy toward the victims and perceived rights were not. A within‐subject mediation analysis showed that perceived utility mediated the PDE. Study 2 (N = 36) presented four versions of a single helping situation in a joint evaluation mode where the size of the reference group became gradually smaller in each version. All participants compared and responded to each version. Helping motivation increased as the reference group became smaller, and this effect was mediated by perceived utility rather than by distress, sympathy, or perceived responsibilities. Our results suggest that unlike, for example, the identifiability and singularity effects, which have been suggested to be mediated by emotional reactions, the PDE is mediated by perceived utility. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biosynthesis of gamma‐linolenic acid and beta‐carotene by Zygomycetes fungi
Authors: Klempova Tatiana , Basil Eva , Kubatova Alena , Certik Milan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDue to increasing demand for natural sources of both polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and beta‐carotene, 28 Zygomycetes fungal soil isolates were screened for their potential to synthesize these biologically active compounds. Although all fungi produced C18 PUFAs, only nine strains also formed beta‐carotene. Although Actinomucor elegans CCF 3218 was the best producer of gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) (251 mg/L), Umbelopsis isabellina CCF 2412 was found to be the most valuable fungus because of the dual production of GLA (217 mg/L) and beta‐carotene (40.7 mg/L). The calculated ratio of formed PUFAs provided new insight into activities of individual fatty acid desaturases involved in biosynthetic pathways for various types of PUFAs. The maximal activity of delta‐9 desaturase was accompanied by high accumulation of storage lipids in fungal cells. On the other hand, maximal activity of delta‐15 desaturase was found in strains synthesizing low amounts of oleic acid due to diminished delta‐9 desaturase. Activities of delta‐6 desaturase showed competition for fatty acids engaged in n3, n6, and n9 biosynthetic pathways. Such knowledge about fatty acid desaturase activities provides new challenges for the regulation of biotechnological production of PUFAs by Zygomycetes fungi.
Bioreactor design for clinical‐grade expansion of stem cells
Authors: dos Santos Francisco F. , Andrade Pedro Z. , da Silva Cláudia Lobato , Cabral Joaquim M.S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe many clinical trials currently in progress will likely lead to the widespread use of stem cell‐based therapies for an extensive variety of diseases, either in autologous or allogeneic settings. With the current pace of progress, in a few years' time, the field of stem cell‐based therapy should be able to respond to the market demand for safe, robust and clinically efficient stem cell‐based therapeutics. Due to the limited number of stem cells that can be obtained from a single donor, one of the major challenges on the roadmap for regulatory approval of such medicinal products is the expansion of stem cells using Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)‐compliant culture systems. In fact, manufacturing costs, which include production and quality control procedures, may be the main hurdle for developing cost‐effective stem cell therapies. Bioreactors provide a viable alternative to the traditional static culture systems in that bioreactors provide the required scalability, incorporate monitoring and control tools, and possess the operational flexibility to be adapted to the differing requirements imposed by various clinical applications. Bioreactor systems face a number of issues when incorporated into stem cell expansion protocols, both during development at the research level and when bioreactors are used in on‐going clinical trials. This review provides an overview of the issues that must be confronted during the development of GMP‐compliant bioreactors systems used to support the various clinical applications employing stem cells.
Multiple Site‐Selective Insertions of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Sequence‐Repetitive Polypeptides
Authors: Wu I‐Lin , Patterson Melissa A. , Carpenter Desai Holly E. , Mehl Ryan A. , Giorgi Gianluca , Conticello Vincent P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA simple and efficient method is described for the introduction of noncanonical amino acids at multiple, defined sites within recombinant polypeptide sequences. Escherichia coli MRA30, a bacterial host strain with attenuated activity of release factor 1 (RF1), was assessed for its ability to support incorporation of a diverse range of noncanonical amino acids in response to multiple encoded amber (TAG) codons within genes derived from superfolder GFP and an elastin‐mimetic protein polymer. Suppression efficiency and protein yield depended on the identity of the orthogonal aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase/tRNACUA pair and the noncanonical amino acid. Elastin‐mimetic protein polymers were prepared in which noncanonical amino acid derivatives were incorporated at up to 22 specific sites within the polypeptide sequence with high substitution efficiency. The identities and positions of the variant residues were confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis of the full‐length polypeptides and proteolytic cleavage fragments from thermolysin digestion. The data suggest that this multisite suppression approach permits the preparation of protein‐based materials in which novel chemical functionalities can be introduced at precisely defined positions within the polypeptide sequence.
Differential Pharmacologic Properties of the Two C75 Enantiomers: (+)‐C75 Is a Strong Anorectic Drug; (−)‐C75 Has Antitumor Activity
Authors: Makowski Kamil , Mera Paula , Paredes David , Herrero Laura , Ariza Xavier , Asins Guillermina , Hegardt Fausto G. , García Jordi , Serra Dolors 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTC75 is a synthetic compound described as having antitumoral properties. It produces hypophagia and weight loss in rodents, limiting its use in cancer therapy but identifying it as a potential anti‐obesity drug. C75 is a fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitor and, through its coenzyme A (CoA) derivative, it acts as a carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 inhibitor. Racemic mixtures of C75 have been used in all the previous studies; however, the potential different biological activities of C75 enantiomers have not been examined yet. To address this question we synthesized the two C75 enantiomers separately. Our results showed that (−)‐C75 inhibits FAS activity in vitro and has a cytotoxic effect on tumor cell lines, without affecting food consumption. (+)‐C75 inhibits CPT1 and its administration produces anorexia, suggesting that central inhibition of CPT1 is essential for the anorectic effect of C75. The differential activity of C75 enantiomers may lead to the development of potential new specific drugs for cancer and obesity. Chirality 25:281–287, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological Stereoselectivity of Atropisomeric Natural Products and Drugs
Authors: Zask Arie , Murphy John , Ellestad George A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSelected examples of natural product and drug atropisomers that exhibit stereoselectivity towards receptor and enzyme targets are reviewed. The atropisomeric preference of the receptors and enzyme binding domains makes these agents attractive molecules for drug development in the treatment of various diseases. Included are commonly recognized atropisomers containing a chiral biaryl axis along with some less common examples of atropisomers without a biaryl axis. The biological targets include: antiapoptotic proteins; bacteria; microtubules; kinases; vasopressin receptors; a G‐protein coupled receptor related to obesity; monocarboxylate transporters; tachykinin NK1‐receptors; cyclooxygenase‐1 and squalene synthase. Chirality 25:265–274, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absolute Configuration and Predominant Conformations of a Chiral Crown Ether‐Based Colorimetric Sensor: A Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy and DFT Study of Chiral Recognition
Authors: Merten Christian , Hyun Myung Ho , Xu Yunjie 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn the present work, we report a comprehensive vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopic study of a chiral crown ether which features an axial chiral 3.3'‐diphenyl‐1,1'‐binaphthyl group as chiral moiety. By comparing the experimental and calculated VCD spectra, we show that the presumably very flexible crown ether preferably adopts only one ring conformation. Conformational flexibility is observed in the 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐diazophenol group, which was previously introduced for colorimetric detection of primary amines and amino alcohols (Cho et al., Chirality 2011;23:349–353). The VCD spectra of the host–guest complexes with phenyl glycinol (PG) and phenyl alaninol have been studied as well. Based on the spectra calculated, it is shown that the diastereomeric complexes in general can be differentiated using VCD spectroscopy. Furthermore, the experimental VCD spectra of the complexes of the host molecule with PG support the above finding. Chirality 25:294–300, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fault detection and diagnosis for distillation column using two‐tier model
Authors: Tian Wen‐De , Sun Su‐Li , Guo Qing‐Jie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a two‐tier model‐based fault detection and diagnosis method for a distillation column is developed. It employs the nonlinear model developed earlier to monitor the distillation process and a corresponding linear model to identify an abnormal source when large deviations of measured values occur. The inner distillation fault parameters are estimated through linear least‐square method based on the linear model. The proposed method is applied to the stripping tower in the Tennessee Eastman process simulator. Case studies demonstrate that the two‐tier diagnosis structure effectively captures the variation of fault parameters and is more efficient than a pure nonlinear model‐based structure.
Numerical modelling of microwave heating of frozen wood
Authors: Erchiqui F. , Annasabi Z. , Koubaa A. , Slaoui‐Hasnaoui F. , Kaddami H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe heating process of frozen wood exposed to plane microwaves is numerically investigated. The nonlinear heat conduction problem involving phase change such as wood freezing is solved by a specific 3D volumetric enthalpy‐based finite element method. Dielectric and thermal properties are a function of temperature and moisture content. The numerical model is validated by experimental and analytical means. As an application, we studied the effect of moisture content and frequency on microwave heating of trembling aspen wood.
Influence of the second emulsification step during production of W/O/W multiple emulsions: Comparison of different methods to determine encapsulation efficiency in W/O/W emulsions
Authors: Schuch Anna , Tonay Ayse Nur , Köhler Karsten , Schuchmann Heike P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAs water encapsulation is crucial for most W/O/W emulsion applications, we compare different measurement techniques for its analysis. Therefore, we produce two different W/O/W emulsions that should have different EE, as we change the applied shear rate during the second emulsification step. We use the marker based techniques photometry (with Vitamin B12) and electroconductivity (using NaCl), rheometry as another indirect technique as well as DSC as a direct measurement method. It was found that photometry was not capable to detect differences between the emulsions. As DSC is the only direct technique, we conclude that it is most suitable to measure EE.
Role of asphaltenes in stabilisation of water in crude oil emulsions
Authors: Czarnecki Jan , Tchoukov Plamen , Dabros Tadeusz , Xu Zhenghe 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEven though asphaltenes do not have the well‐defined amphiphilic structure characteristic of surfactants, it has been shown that they can stabilise water‐in‐oil emulsions. We propose that this stabilisation occurs because asphaltene aggregation results in the formation of a network within the thin oil film separating approaching emulsified water droplets. This network changes the rheology of the film to non‐Newtonian, which prevents drainage of the film at thicknesses less than about 50–100 nm. The presence of the network also imparts steric stabilisation to the emulsion. The proposed stabilisation mechanism does not invoke any surfactant‐like behaviour of asphaltenes. Instead, it relies solely on their propensity to aggregate.
Trends in all‐cause mortality among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Brunner Andrew M. , Campigotto Federico , Sadrzadeh Hossein , Drapkin Benjamin J. , Chen Yi‐Bin , Neuberg Donna S. , Fathi Amir T. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDOutcomes for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have improved after the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which target the BCR/ABL fusion gene product. Nonetheless, differences in survival persist between age groups. The authors performed a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to assess 5‐year overall survival (OS) in various patient age groups.METHODSPatients who had a diagnosis of CML were identified using the SEER 19 registries database. Patients who were included had SEER diagnosis codes for CML not otherwise specified (code 9863) and BCR/ABL‐positive CML (code 9875) diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2005. Patients were divided into cohorts based on age at diagnosis: ages 15 to 44 years, 45 to 64 years, 65 to 74 years, and 75 to 84 years. OS was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method, and Cox regression was used to estimate predictors of patient survival.RESULTSIn total, 5138 patients with a new CML diagnosis were identified. Five‐year OS improved for all patients between the years 2000 and 2005. Compared with patients who were diagnosed in 2000, 5‐year survival improved among patients ages 15 to 44 years (hazard ratio [HR] for mortality, 0.424; P < .0001), ages 45 to 64 years (HR, 0.716; P = .0315), and ages 65 to 74 years (HR, 0.692; P = .0126); and patients ages 75 to 84 years had an increased 5‐year OS rate from 19.2% in 2000 to 36.4% in 2005 (HR, 0.568; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSOS at 5 years improved among all patients, including those ages 75 to 84 years, a group with historically poor outcomes. However, older age retained an association with worse survival, suggesting opportunities for further progress. Cancer 2013;119:2620‐2629. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Clinical, virologic, and immunologic outcomes in lymphoma survivors and in cancer‐free, HIV‐1–infected patients
Authors: Spagnuolo Vincenzo , Travi Giovanna , Galli Laura , Cossarini Francesca , Guffanti Monica , Gianotti Nicola , Salpietro Stefania , Lazzarin Adriano , Castagna Antonella 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to compare immunologic, virologic, and clinical outcomes between living human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals who had a diagnosis of lymphoma versus outcomes in a control group of cancer‐free, HIV‐infected patients.METHODSIn this matched cohort study, patients in the case group were survivors of incident lymphomas that occurred between 1997 and June 2010. Controls were living, cancer‐free, HIV‐infected patients who were matched to cases at a 4:1 ratio by age, sex, nadir CD4 cell count, and year of HIV diagnosis. The date of lymphoma diagnosis served as the baseline in cases and in the corresponding controls.RESULTSIn total, 62 patients (cases) who had lymphoma (20 with Hodgkin disease [HD] and 42 with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL]) were compared with 211 controls. The overall median follow‐up was 4.8 years (interquartile range, 2.0‐7.9 years). The CD4 cell count at baseline was 278 cells/mm3 (interquartile range, 122‐419 cells/mm3) in cases versus 421 cells/mm3 (interquartile range, 222‐574 cells/mm3) in controls (P = .003). At the last available visit, the CD4 cell count was 412 cells/mm3 (range, 269‐694 cells/mm3) in cases versus 518 cells/mm3 (interquartile range, 350‐661 cells/mm3) in controls (P = .087). The proportion of patients who achieved virologic success increased from 30% at baseline to 74% at the last available visit in cases (P = .008) and from 51% to 81% in controls (P = .0286). Patients with HD reached higher CD4 cell counts at their last visit than patients with NHL (589 cells/mm3 [range, 400‐841 cells/mm3] vs 332 cells/mm3 [interquartile range, 220‐530 cells/mm3], respectively; P = .003). Virologic success was similar between patients with HD and patients with NHL at the last visit. Forty cases (65%) and 76 controls (36%) experienced at least 1 clinical event after baseline (P < .0001); cases were associated with a shorter time to occurrence of the first clinical event compared with controls (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSHIV‐infected lymphoma survivors experienced more clinical events than controls, especially during the first year of follow‐up, but they reached similar long‐term immunologic and virologic outcomes. Cancer 2013;119:2710–2719. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Accelerating unstructured finite volume computations on field‐programmable gate arrays
Authors: Nagy Zoltán , Nemes Csaba , Hiba Antal , Csík Árpád , Kiss András , Ruszinkó Miklós , Szolgay Péter 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIn the paper, an field‐programmable gate array (FPGA)‐based framework is described to efficiently accelerate unstructured finite volume computations where the same mathematical expression has to be evaluated at every point of the mesh. The irregular memory access patterns caused by the unstructured spatial discretization are eliminated by a novel mesh node reordering technique, and a special architecture is designed to fully utilize the benefits of the predictable memory access patterns. In the proposed architecture, a fixed‐size moving window of the input stream of the reordered state variables is cached into the on‐chip memory and a pipelined chain of processing elements, which gets input only from the fast on‐chip memory, is used to carry out the computations. The arithmetic unit (AU) of the processing elements is generated from the data flow graph extracted from the given mathematical expression. The data flow graph is partitioned with a novel graph partitioning algorithm to break up the AU into smaller locally controlled parts, which can be more efficiently implemented in FPGA than the globally controlled AU. The proposed architecture and algorithms are presented via a case study solving the Euler equations on an unstructured mesh. On the currently available largest FPGA, the generated architecture contains three processing elements working in a pipelined fashion to provide one order of magnitude speedup compared with a high performance microprocessor and three times speedup compared with a high performance graphics processing unit. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical Properties and Structural Characterization of Ionic Liquids and Solid Electrolytes Utilizing the Carbamoylcyano(nitroso)methanide Anion
Authors: Janikowski Judith , Razali Mohd R. , Forsyth Craig M. , Nairn Kate M. , Batten Stuart R. , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Pringle Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInvited for this month’s cover is the collaboration between three different groups at Monash University, Deakin University and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science. The cover picture shows a photograph of an organic ionic plastic crystal, and the structure of the anti and syn isomers of the ccnm anion. Read the full text of the article on page 486.
Parametric CMOS upconverters and downconverters
Authors: Zhao Zhixing , Magierowski Sebastian , Belostotski Leonid 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThis paper discusses parametric CMOS mixers as potential radio‐frequency front‐end contributors to advanced mm‐wave and sub‐mm‐wave wireless communicators. It outlines fundamental concepts underlying parametric circuit operation highlighting its benefits with regards to power consumption, speed, and noise performance. The implementation of parametric CMOS architectures is detailed. Critical device properties and figures of merit are shown. Measurement results of prototype designs are given. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.