bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Williams Community Hospital: An Internal Auditing Case
Authors: Shelton Sandra Waller , Trendell Michael , Whittington Ray 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
The internal audit function is a critical part of an organization's control and governance structure. This case introduces students to the complete internal audit process for a company, including identification of risk, audit planning, execution of fieldwork, and reporting. In this exercise students are asked to assume the role of an internal auditor for a community hospital and perform risk assessment, perform testing, and documentation based on an audit program, and prepare an audit report, detailing findings and recommendations. The case includes both testing for compliance with laws and regulations, and tests of compliance with internal control policies and procedures. In response to an ever-changing business environment and the expectations of stakeholders, the internal audit profession identifies compliance with laws and regulations as one of the top risks frequently cited by both audit committee and executive management. The hospital setting is one of particular interest for addressing this topic. This case is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate students in internal auditing and external auditing classes.
Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal chiasmapexy using a clival cranial base cranioplasty for visual loss from massive empty sella following macroprolactinoma treatment with bromocriptine: case report
Authors: Alvarez Berastegui G. Rene , Raza Shaan M. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: September 2015

Visual deterioration after dopamine-agonist treatment of prolactinomas associated with empty sella syndrome and secondary optic apparatus traction is a rare event. Chiasmapexy has been described as a viable treatment option, although few cases exist in the literature. Here, a novel endonasal endoscopic approach to chiasmapexy is described and its efficacy is demonstrated in a case report.
A 55-year-old female patient with a history of a giant prolactinoma and 14 years of treatment using dopaminergic agonist therapy presented to our institution with a 1-month history of visual changes. Neuroophthalmological examination confirmed severe bitemporal field defects, and MRI revealed a large empty sella with downward optic chiasmal herniation. Endoscopic endonasal chiasmapexy was performed by elevating the chiasm with lumbar drainage and filling the clival and sellar defect with an extradural liquid (HydroSet; a cranioplasty bone cement), and a piece of AlloDerm was used to cover and cushion the chiasm. Postoperative imaging demonstrated successful anatomical elevation of the optic apparatus, and the patient showed functional improvement in the visual field at 3 months postoperatively.
Although rare, massive empty sellar and chiasmal descent from macroadenoma treatment can result in progressive visual loss. Here, a novel technique of endonasal endoscopic extradural cranioplasty aided by lumbar drainage is reported, which appears to be an effective technique for stabilizing and possibly reversing anatomical and visual deterioration.
Long-term safety and efficacy of Gamma Knife surgery in classical trigeminal neuralgia: a 497-patient historical cohort study
Authors: Régis Jean , Tuleasca Constantin , Resseguier Noémie , Carron Romain , Donnet Anne , Gaudart Jean , Levivier Marc 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is one of the surgical alternatives for the treatment of drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN). This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GKS in a large population of patients with TN with very long-term clinical follow-up.

METHODS
Between July 1992 and November 2010, 737 patients presenting with TN were treated using GKS. Data were collected prospectively and were further retrospectively evaluated at Timone University Hospital. The frequency and severity of pain, as well as trigeminal nerve function, were evaluated before GKS and regularly thereafter. Radiosurgery using the Gamma Knife (model B, C, 4C, or Perfexion) was performed with the help of both MR and CT targeting. A single 4-mm isocenter was positioned in the cisternal portion of the trigeminal nerve at a median distance of 7.6 mm (range 4–14 mm) anterior to the emergence of the nerve (retrogasserian target). A median maximum dose of 85 Gy (range 70–90 Gy) was prescribed.

RESULTS
The safety and efficacy are reported for 497 patients with medically refractory classical TN who were never previously treated by GKS and had a follow-up of at least 1 year. The median age in this series was 68.3 years (range 28.1–93.2 years). The median follow-up period was 43.8 months (range 12–174.4 months). Overall, 456 patients (91.75%) were initially pain free in a median time of 10 days (range 1–180 days). Their actuarial probabilities of remaining pain free without medication at 3, 5, 7, and 10 years were 71.8%, 64.9%, 59.7%, and 45.3%, respectively. One hundred fifty-seven patients (34.4%) who were initially pain free experienced at least 1 recurrence, with a median delay of onset of 24 months (range 0.6–150.1 months). However, the actuarial rate of maintaining pain relief without further surgery was 67.8% at 10 years. The hypesthesia actuarial rate at 5 years was 20.4% and at 7 years reached 21.1%, but remained stable until 14 years with a median delay of onset of 12 months (range 1–65 months). Very bothersome facial hypesthesia was reported in only 3 patients (0.6%).

CONCLUSIONS
Retrogasserian GKS proved to be safe and effective in the long term and in a very large number of patients. Even if the probability of long-lasting effects may be modest compared with microvascular decompression, the rarity of complications prompts discussion of using GKS as the pragmatic surgical first- or second-intention alternative for classical TN. However, a randomized trial, or at least a case-matched control study, would be required to compare with microvascular decompression.
Outcome in patients undergoing surgery for spinal injury in an Ethiopian hospital
Authors: Lehre Martin Andreas , Eriksen Lars Magnus , Tirsit Abenezer , Bekele Segni , Petros Saba , Park Kee B. , Bøthun Marianne Lundervik , Wester Knut 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
The objective of this study was to investigate epidemiology and outcome after surgical treatment for spinal injuries in Ethiopia.

METHODS
Medical records of patients who underwent surgery for spine injuries at Myungsung Christian Medical Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between January 2008 and September 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Assessment of outcome and complications was determined from patient consultations and phone interviews.

RESULTS
A total of 146 patients were included (129 males, 17 females). Their mean age was 31.7 years (range 15–81 years). The leading cause of injury was motor vehicle accidents (54.1%), and this was followed by falls (26.7%). The most common injury sites were lumbar (41.1%) and cervical (34.2%) regions of the spine. In 21.2% of patients, no neurological deficit was present before surgery, 46.6% had incomplete spinal cord injury (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS] Grade B-D), and 32.2% had complete spinal cord injury (AIS Grade A). Follow-up was hampered by suboptimal infrastructure, but information regarding outcome was successfully obtained for 110 patients (75.3%). At follow-up (mean 22.9 months; range 2–57 months), 25 patients (17.1%) were confirmed dead and 85 patients (58.2%) were alive; 49 patients (33.6%) underwent physical examination. At least 8 of the 47 patients (17.0%) with a complete injury and 29 of the 68 patients (42.6%) with an incomplete injury showed neurological improvement. The reported incidences of pressure wounds, recurrent urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and thromboembolic events were 22.5%, 13.5%, 5.6%, and 1.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients showed surprisingly good recovery considering the limited resources. Surgical treatment for spine injuries in Ethiopia is considered beneficial.
High-dose proton-based radiation therapy in the management of spine chordomas: outcomes and clinicopathological prognostic factors
Authors: Rotondo Ronny L. , Folkert Wendy , Liebsch Norbert J. , Chen Yen-Lin E. , Pedlow Frank X. , Schwab Joseph H. , Rosenberg Andrew E. , Nielsen G. Petur , Szymonifka Jackie , Ferreira Al E. , Hornicek Francis J. , Delaney Thomas F. 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
Spinal chordomas can have high local recurrence rates after surgery with or without conventional dose radiation therapy (RT). Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors after high-dose proton-based RT with or without surgery were assessed.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of 126 treated patients (127 lesions) categorized according to disease status (primary vs recurrent), resection (en bloc vs intralesional), margin status, and RT timing.

RESULTS
Seventy-one sacrococcygeal, 40 lumbar, and 16 thoracic chordomas were analyzed. Mean RT dose was 72.4 GyRBE (relative biological effectiveness). With median follow-up of 41 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS), local control (LC), locoregional control (LRC), and distant control (DC) for the entire cohort were 81%, 62%, 60%, and 77%, respectively. LC for primary chordoma was 68% versus 49% for recurrent lesions (p = 0.058). LC if treated with a component of preoperative RT was 72% versus 54% without this treatment (p = 0.113). Among primary tumors, LC and LRC were higher with preoperative RT, 85% (p = 0.019) and 79% (0.034), respectively, versus 56% and 56% if no preoperative RT was provided. Overall LC was significantly improved with en bloc versus intralesional resection (72% vs 55%, p = 0.016), as was LRC (70% vs 53%, p = 0.035). A trend was noted toward improved LC and LRC for R0/R1 margins and the absence of intralesional procedures.

CONCLUSIONS
High-dose proton-based RT in the management of spinal chordomas can be effective treatment. In patients undergoing surgery, those with primary chordomas undergoing preoperative RT, en bloc resection, and postoperative RT boost have the highest rate of local tumor control; among 28 patients with primary chordomas who underwent preoperative RT and en bloc resection, no local recurrences were seen. Intralesional and incomplete resections are associated with higher local failure rates and are to be avoided.
Epilepsy surgery related to pediatric brain tumors: Miami Children’s Hospital experience
Authors: Fallah Aria , Weil Alexander G. , Sur Samir , Miller Ian , Jayakar Prasanna , Morrison Glenn , Bhatia Sanjiv , Ragheb John 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
Pediatric brain tumors may be associated with medically intractable epilepsy for which surgery is indicated. The authors sought to evaluate the efficacy of epilepsy surgery for seizure control in pediatric patients with brain tumors.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery related to pediatric brain tumors at Miami Children’s Hospital between June 1986 and June 2014. Time-to-event analysis for seizure recurrence was performed; an “event” was defined as any seizures that occurred following resective epilepsy surgery, not including seizures and auras in the 1st postoperative week. The authors analyzed several preoperative variables to determine their suitability to predict seizure recurrence following surgery.

RESULTS
Eighty-four patients (47 males) with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 8.7 ± 5.5 years (range 0.5–21.6 years) were included. The study included 39 (46%) patients with gliomas, 20 (24%) with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs), 14 (17%) with gangliogliomas, and 11 (13%) with other etiologies. Among the patients with gliomas, 18 were classified with low-grade glioma, 5 had oligodendroglioma, 6 had uncategorized astrocytoma, 3 had pilocytic astrocytoma, 3 had pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, 3 had glioblastoma, and 1 had gliomatosis cerebri. Seventy-nine (94.0%) resections were guided by intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). The mean time (± standard deviation) to seizure recurrence was 81.8 ± 6.3 months. Engel Class I outcome was achieved in 66 (78%) and 63 (75%) patients at 1 and 2 years’ follow-up, respectively. Patients with ganglioglioma demonstrated the highest probability of long-term seizure freedom, followed by patients with DNETs and gliomas. In univariate analyses, temporal location (HR 1.75, 95% CI 0.26–1.27, p = 0.171) and completeness of resection (HR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77–3.74, p = 0.191) demonstrated a trend toward a longer duration of seizure freedom.

CONCLUSIONS
ECoG-guided epilepsy surgery for pediatric patients with brain tumors is highly effective. Tumors located in the temporal lobe and those in which a complete ECoG-guided resection is performed may result in a greater likelihood of long-term seizure freedom.
Adult long-term health-related quality of life of congenital hydrocephalus patients
Authors: Kutscher Anja , Nestler Ulf , Bernhard Matthias K. , Merkenschlager Andreas , Thome Ulrich , Kiess Wieland , Schob Stefan , Meixensberger Juergen , Preuss Matthias 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
Congenital hydrocephalus has a major impact on the lives of patients and their relatives, as well as their long-term neurological development and social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients after reaching adulthood.

METHODS
A total of 31 patients who required CSF shunt treatment for congenital hydrocephalus within the 1st year of life (between 1963 and 1987) agreed to undergo a structured SF-36 self-assessment. An age-matched German standard cohort was used as control. Additional parameters of surgical, social, and global neurological outcome were analyzed. The mean patient age was 35 years (range 26–51 years, 13 females and 18 males). Hydrocephalus etiologies were posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (n = 9), postinfectious hydrocephalus (n = 5), aqueductal stenosis (n = 10), myelomeningocele (n = 2), and unknown cause (n = 5).

RESULTS
The mean modified Rankin Scale score was 1.6 (range 0–4). Hydrocephalic patients achieved lower scores for the SF-36 items physical functioning (70.5 vs 93.5, p < 0.05), physical role functioning (74.2 vs 88.3, p < 0.05), and general health perceptions (64.5 vs 72.3, p < 0.05). Emotional, social role functioning, and mental health items did not differ between the groups. Assessment of vitality and pain resulted in a trend to worse values. Whereas the Physical Component Summary score was lower (46.1 vs 54.3, p < 0.05), the Mental Component Summary score was not significantly different (50.2 vs 48.7, p = 0.3). There was neither a statistically significant difference between subgroups of different etiologies nor an association with the number of subsequent hydrocephalus-related surgeries.

CONCLUSIONS
Adult HRQOL for patients with congenital hydrocephalus appears to be similar to that for healthy con with regard to mental health and social functioning aspects. Physical impairment is a predominant factor of compro quality of life.
Single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis treated with mini-open anterior debridement and fusion in combination with posterior percutaneous fixation via a modified anterior lumbar interbody fusion approach
Authors: Lin Yang , Li Feng , Chen Wenjian , Zeng Heng , Chen Anmin , Xiong Wei 
Published: September 2015

OBJECT
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of mini-open anterior debridement and lumbar interbody fusion in combination with posterior percutaneous fixation for single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis.

METHODS
This is a retrospective study. Twenty-two patients with single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis underwent mini-open anterior debridement and lumbar interbody fusion in combination with posterior percutaneous fixation via a modified anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) approach. Patients underwent follow-up for 24 to 38 months. Clinical data, etiological examinations, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) lumbar function score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), postoperative complications, and the bony fusion rate were recorded.

RESULTS
The mean operative time was 181.1 ± 22.6 minutes (range 155–240 minutes). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 173.2 ± 70.1 ml (range 100–400 ml). Infection was found in lumbar vertebrae L2–3, L3–4, and L4–5 in 2, 6, and 14 patients, respectively. Bacterial cultures were positive in 15 patients, including 4 with Staphylococcus aureus, 6 with Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 with Streptococcus, and 1 with Escherichia coli. Postoperative complications included urinary retention, constipation, and numbness in the thigh in 5, 3, and 2 patients, respectively. Compared with before surgery, the VAS scores and ODI were significantly lower at the final follow-up, the JOA scores were significantly higher, and the ASIA grades had improved. All patients achieved good intervertebral bony fusion.

CONCLUSIONS
Mini-open anterior debridement and lumbar interbody fusion in combination with posterior percutaneous fixation via a modified ALIF approach results in little surgical trauma and intraoperative blood loss, acceptable postoperative complications, and is effective and safe for the treatment of single-level lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis. This approach could be an alternative to the conventional open surgery.
Educators who believe: understanding the enthusiasm of teachers who use digital games in the classroom
Authors: Stieler-Hunt Colleen , Jones Christian M. 
Published: September 2015

This study used qualitative methods to explore why some educators embrace the use of digital game-play (DGP) in the classroom. The results indicated that these teachers had a very strong belief that DGP could be beneficial for learning which stemmed from experiencing their own form of subjective success with using DGP in the classroom, availing themselves of information and advocacy about using DGP in the classroom and personal experiences with DGP either through their own DGP or through watching their own children play games. They also shared positive attitudes towards information and communication technologies generally and had initially been invited to use DGP in the classroom by someone in authority. Their use of DGP was also something that they felt made them different to other teachers. Applying these findings to Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory predicted that the diffusion rate of using DGP in the classroom will continue to be slow. Finally, this study indicates that teachers need to experience their own form of subjective ‘success’ in order to find DGP valuable and this subjective ‘success’ often goes beyond test score performance.Keywords: game-based learning; video games; elementary education; secondary education; educational beliefs; pedagogical issues(Published: 4 September 2015)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 26155 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26155
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in the pantropical fern Hypolepis punctata (Dennstaedtiaceae)
Authors: Shang Hui , Wang Ying , Yan Yue‐Hong 
Published: September 2015

Premise of the study:Microsatellite loci were isolated in Hypolepis punctata (Dennstaedtiaceae) to further study the reproductive ecology of this species.Methods and Results:We developed 16 microsatellite loci from one sample of H. punctata using an enriched genomic library. These loci were characterized in 28 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 10, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.036 to 0.845.Conclusions:The results indicate that the microsatellite markers can facilitate further studies on inferring the phylogeography and population genetics of H. punctata and related species.
Le processus relationnel de groupe : discussion du modèle de Richard Erskine pour la psychothérapie de groupe à partir des théories d’Éric Berne sur le traitement de groupe
Authors: Blondel Agnès 
Published: September 2015

L’auteur s’inspire du modèle d’Éric Berne pour le processus de groupe et les interventions thérapeutiques dans une discussion de l’article d’Erskine « Le processus relationnel de groupe : avancées pour un modèle de psychothérapie de groupe en analyse transactionnelle ». Il souligne l’importance thérapeutique de l’interprétation et se penche sur les limites de l’empathie et du questionnement phénoménologique dans le processus de groupe.
Une haine qui masque un appel à être aimé : les faux signalements de maltraitance
Authors: Chapellon Sébastien 
Published: September 2015

Cet article décrit une conséquence méconnue du mal-être adolescent : les faux signalements de maltraitance. Une situation dans laquelle un jeune homme a mensongèrement accusé son père, explique le sens de cet acte qui serait le corollaire d’une tendresse sans pitié. Selon l’auteur, les jeunes lanceurs d’alerte ont paradoxalement besoin d’être étayés par l’adulte qu’ils dénoncent.
Croisade de Franklin Graham au Soudan du Sud
Authors: Fath Sébastien 
Published: September 2015

La création du Soudan du Sud le 9 juillet 2011 est une des aventures politiques les plus délicates de l’histoire africaine postcoloniale. Les acteurs religieux ont, à leur manière, tenté de souder la nation. Nul, parmi eux, n’est allé aussi loin que le prédicateur Franklin Graham, figure de proue de l’évangélisme américain. Pour évaluer cette offre de salut qui se greffe sur un soutien politique, l’observation de terrain s’est focalisée sur la croisade géante d’évangélisation « Hope for a New Nation » qui s’est tenue à Juba les 26 et 27 octobre 2012. L’enquête commence par un état des lieux des traumatismes et ruptures hérités par la population, puis se focalise sur la mise en forme rhétorique et scénique de l’offre conversionniste. L’analyse des effets sociaux de l’appel à la conversion invite à relativiser l’impact de l’offre évangélique « à l’américaine », dans un contexte marqué par le poids des héritages.
Les christianismes contemporains au Bénin au défi de la pluralisation
Authors: Mayrargue Cédric 
Published: September 2015

Depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, le champ religieux béninois est travaillé par l’expansion de courants chrétiens évangéliques et pentecôtistes qui, bien que minoritaires, ont acquis une forte visibilité. Cet article propose d’appréhender ces dynamiques contemporaines sous l’angle de la pluralisation religieuse. Cette notion renvoie à un double processus de fragmentation et d’éclatement, mais aussi d’échanges et d’interactions renouvelés entre acteurs religieux. La grille de lecture mobilisée permet de souligner que ces mouvements chrétiens contribuent à la fragmentation religieuse, en favorisant un éclatement de l’offre et de la pratique, et aussi qu’ils nouent de nouvelles interactions avec les autres acteurs religieux avec qui ils sont en compétition. Ces relations se traduisent par un partage nouveau des territoires et des formes inédites de porosité religieuse.
Boko Haram : innovations guerrières depuis les monts Mandara
Authors: Seignobos Christian 
Published: September 2015

Maître de la brousse, assiégeant et terrifiant les villes, Boko Haram s’implante inexorablement et par-dessus les frontières nationales dans toute l’aire d’extension du royaume du Bornou. La prise des monts Mandara sur la frontière du Cameroun en 2014 offre à la « secte » un sanctuaire de repli. Les populations montagnardes voient dans Boko Haram le retour des razzias précoloniales et la reprise d’anciennes rivalités. L’embrigadement au service de Boko Haram passe par une islamisation à outrance. Toutes les communautés sont sommées de choisir pour ou contre ce nouvel ordre islamique plongeant nombre de régions dans un climat de guerre civile.