bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Collection Efficiency of Shielded and Unshielded Precipitation Gauges. Part I: CFD Airflow Modeling
Authors: Colli Matteo , Lanza Luca G. , Rasmussen Roy , Thériault Julie M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The aerodynamic response of snow gauges when exposed to the wind is responsible for a significant reduction of their collection performance. The modifications induced by the gauge and the windshield onto the space–time patterns of the undisturbed airflow deviate the snowflake trajectories. In Part I, the disturbed air velocity field in the vicinity of shielded and unshielded gauge configurations is investigated. In Part II, the airflow is the basis for a particle tracking model of snowflake trajectories to estimate the collection efficiency. A Geonor T-200B gauge inside a single Alter shield is simulated for wind speeds varying from 1 to 8 m s−1. Both time-averaged and time-dependent computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed, based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) models, respectively. A shear stress tensor k–Ω model (where k is the turbulent kinetic energy and Ω is the turbulent specific dissipation rate) is used for the RANS formulation and solved within a finite-volume method. The LES is implemented with a Smagorinsky subgrid-scale method that models the subgrid stresses as a gradient-diffusion process. The RANS simulations confirm the attenuation of the airflow velocity above the gauge when using a single Alter shield, but the generated turbulence above the orifice rim is underestimated. The intensity and spatial extension of the LES-resolved turbulent region show a dependency on the wind speed that was not detected by the RANS. The time-dependent analysis showed the propagation of turbulent structures and the impact on the turbulent kinetic energy above the gauge collecting section.
Trends in Maternal Care Utilization in Urban India
Authors: Mojumdar Sujoy Kumar 
Published: September 2015

The present study attempts to observe the recent changes in the Indian health care utilization pattern based on secondary data from three National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) rounds. The study focuses on urban households across different classes of towns emphasizing the most recent births to married women within a recall of period 365 days. Three dimensions of maternal care services have been discussed in this study, namely, prenatal care services, delivery services and postnatal care services. It is found that the utilization of prenatal, postnatal and delivery services are positively correlated with the economic status of households as measured by the per capita monthly consumption expenditure (MPCE). It is also noted that the household educational and employment index are correlated with the level of prenatal and postnatal care utilization and the dimension of correlation is positive and statistically significant. But in case of delivery services the degree of correlation has changed from being highly positive to negative, specifically in case of household employment index. This study also attempts to understand the changes in utilization of maternal health care services with respect to public health infrastructure. It is found that the use of public health facilities has significantly reduced over time. The correlation between household economic status and the use of public facilities for the prenatal, postnatal and delivery care present a strong negative and the degree of correlation becomes stronger over time. A similar dimension of association is found in the case of household educational index. It may be the improvement in utilizing public health infrastructure among households from the formal sector. The discrepancy in access to health facilities among different classes of cities can be cited as one of the reasons for lower utilization of maternal health care services. Such discrepancies are relatively lower in case of small towns especially in the case of delivery and prenatal care services.
Differential expression of the Nrf2-linked genes in pediatric septic shock
Authors: Grunwell Jocelyn R. , Weiss Scott L. , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , Allen Geoffrey L. , Thomas Neal J. , Freishtat Robert J. , Anas Nick , Meyer Keith , Checchia Paul A. , Shanley Thomas P. , Bigham Michael T. , Fitzgerald Julie , Howard Kelli , Frank Erin , Harmon Kelli , Wong Hector R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Experimental data from animal models of sepsis support a role for a transcription factor, nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as a master regulator of antioxidant and detoxifying genes and intermediary metabolism during stress. Prior analysis of a pediatric septic shock transcriptomic database showed that the Nrf2 response is a top 5 upregulated signaling pathway in early pediatric septic shock.

Methods
We conducted a focused analysis of 267 Nrf2-linked genes using a multicenter, genome-wide expression database of 180 children with septic shock 10 years of age or younger and 53 healthy controls. The analysis involved RNA isolated from whole blood within 24 h of pediatric intensive care unit admission for septic shock and a false discovery rate of 5 %. We compared differentially expressed genes from (1) patients with septic shock and healthy controls and (2) across validated gene expression–based subclasses of pediatric septic shock (endotypes A and B) using several bioinformatic methods.

Results
We found upregulation of 123 Nrf2-linked genes in children with septic shock. The top gene network represented by these genes contained primarily enzymes with oxidoreductase activity involved in cellular lipid metabolism that were highly connected to the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor and the retinoic acid receptor families. Endotype A, which had higher organ failure burden and mortality, exhibited a greater downregulation of Nrf2-linked genes than endotype B, with 92 genes differentially regulated between endotypes.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that Nrf2-linked genes may contribute to alterations in oxidative signaling and intermediary metabolism in pediatric septic shock.
Preoperative vocal cord paralysis and its association with malignant thyroid disease and other pathological features
Authors: Kay-Rivest Emily , Mitmaker Elliot , Payne Richard J. , Hier Michael P. , Mlynarek Alex M. , Young Jonathan , Forest Véronique-Isabelle 
Published: September 2015

Background Vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is found in both benign and malignant thyroid disease. This study was performed to determine if the presence of preoperative VCP predicts malignancy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 1923 consecutive patients undergoing thyroid surgery. The incidence of preoperative VCP was recorded. Patient and nodule characteristics were correlated with final pathology. Results 1.3 % of our cohort was found to have preoperative VCP. Malignant pathology was discovered in 76 % of patients with preoperative VCP. Among these patients, 72 % had a left sided paralysis. 10.5 % of patients with preoperative VCP had perineural invasion (PNI) on final pathology, compared to 1.1 % of patients with normal VC function. Conclusion Preoperative VCP appears to be a strong, though not an absolute, indicator of malignancy. Most VCP were on the left side. Assessing for preoperative VCP is crucial in all patients who need thyroid surgery, as even benign nodules can be accompanied by preoperative vocal cord paralysis.
Two-color fluorescent analysis of connexin 36 turnover: relationship to functional plasticity
Authors: Wang Helen Yanran , Lin Ya-Ping , Mitchell Cheryl K. , Ram Sripad , O'Brien John 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Gap junctions formed of connexin 36 (Cx36, also known as Gjd2) show tremendous functional plasticity on several time scales. Changes in connexin phosphorylation modify coupling in minutes through an order of magnitude, but recent studies also imply involvement of connexin turnover in regulating cell–cell communication. We utilized Cx36 with an internal HaloTag to study Cx36 turnover and trafficking in cultured cells. Irreversible, covalent pulse-chase labeling with fluorescent HaloTag ligands allowed clear discrimination of newly formed and pre-existing Cx36. Cx36 in junctional plaques turned over with a half-life of 3.1 h, and the turnover rate was unchanged by manipulations of protein kinase A (PKA) activity. In contrast, changes in PKA activity altered coupling within 20 min. New Cx36 in cargo vesicles was added directly to existing gap junctions and newly made Cx36 was not confined to points of addition, but diffused throughout existing gap junctions. Existing connexins also diffused into photobleached areas with a half-time of less than 2 s. In conclusion, studies of Cx36-HaloTag revealed novel features of connexin trafficking and demonstrated that phosphorylation-based changes in coupling occur on a different time scale than turnover.
Uncoupling PIP2-calmodulin regulation of Kv7.2 channels by an assembly destabilizing epileptogenic mutation
Authors: Alberdi Araitz , Gomis-Perez Carolina , Bernardo-Seisdedos Ganeko , Alaimo Alessandro , Malo Covadonga , Aldaregia Juncal , Lopez-Robles Carlos , Areso Pilar , Butz Elisabeth , Wahl-Schott Christian , Villarroel Alvaro 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
We show that the combination of an intracellular bi-partite calmodulin (CaM)-binding site and a distant assembly region affect how an ion channel is regulated by a membrane lipid. Our data reveal that regulation by phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PIP2) and stabilization of assembled Kv7.2 subunits by intracellular coiled-coil regions far from the membrane are coupled molecular processes. Live-cell fluorescence energy transfer measurements and direct binding studies indicate that remote coiled-coil formation creates conditions for different CaM interaction modes, each conferring different PIP2 dependency to Kv7.2 channels. Disruption of coiled-coil formation by epilepsy-causing mutation decreases apparent CaM-binding affinity and interrupts CaM influence on PIP2 sensitivity.
Effective Structure of Reinsurance Function for Disaster Risk in the Asia-Oceania Region
Authors: Kato Nobuhiro 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In the Asia-Oceania region with its vulnerable infrastructure, people continue to suffer from natural disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones or floods. In order to construct resilient society, the risk control for prevention-reduction of disasters and the risk finance for restoration and revival is indispensable. This article shows the necessity of building reinsurance functions which enables the underwriting of natural disasters in this area and arrangements of its requirements and conditions. The improvement of infrastructure for natural disaster and the alleviating of poverty are the premises of these issues and have close relations with developing financial markets and diversifying financial-insurance measures. This article shines light on the integrated framework of these factors and the methodology. Ensuring resilience against natural disaster must be shared objectives among the countries in this region with low insurance diffusion and multifarious backgrounds of economy, society and culture. The regional partnership and the support of the global community should play an important role for ensuring resilience. Building the reinsurance function of natural disasters in this region follows the same path with the realization of “Principles for Sustainable Insurance”.
Obesity, food intake and exercise: Relationship with ghrelin
Authors: Tiryaki-Sonmez Gul , Vatansever Serife , Olcucu Burcin , Schoenfeld Brad 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Obesity, a disorder of body composition, is defined by a relative or absolute excess of body fat. In general adult population, obesity has been associated with a diverse array of adverse health outcomes, including major causes of death such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, as well as functional impairment from problems such as osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Ghrelin is a newly discovered peptide hormone which plays an important role in obesity. It is a powerful, endogenous orexigenic peptide and has a crucial function in appetite regulation, as well as short – and long-term energy homeostasis. In the presence of increased obesity, decreased physical activity, and high food consumption, the relationship between exercise, appetite, food intake and ghrelin levels has important implications. In this review, we discuss the effect of acute and chronic exercise performance on appetite, food intake and ghrelin and their relationships.
Factors associated with participation in physical activity among adolescents in Malaysia
Authors: Cheah Yong Kang , Lim Hock Kuang , Kee Chee Cheong , Ghazali Sumarni Mohd 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background:
The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has become a serious public health issue. Among the multi-factorial drivers behind NCDs are modifiable health risk factors, most notably, physical inactivity.

Objective:
In response to the nearly global policy priority of encouraging regular participation in physical activity, the objective of the present study is to examine the factors that determine participation in physical activity among Malaysian adolescents.

Methods:
Nationally representative data consisting of a large sample size was used. A censored regression model was developed to estimate the likelihood of participation and time spent on physical activity.

Results:
There are significant relationships between physical activity and gender, ethnicity, self-rated academic performance, maternal education, household size and time spent on physical education.

Conclusion:
The present study provides new insights into the factors affecting physical activity participation among adolescents. Specifically, self-rated excellent academic performance, household size and physical education can increase the likelihood of being physically active. Evidence of the present study implies that policy makers should pay special attention to females, Chinese, adolescents with self-rated poor academic performance and adolescents who have low maternal education.
Lessons learned in building a hospital-wide transition program from pediatric to adult-based health care for youth with special health care needs (YSHCN)
Authors: Hergenroeder Albert C. , Wiemann Constance M. , Bowman Valerie F. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Advancements in medicine have increased the likelihood that children with chronic illnesses will survive childhood. The success in treatment for their conditions has not been matched by methods to effectively facilitate their transition to adult care. This short report describes lessons learned in building a hospital-wide health care transition (HCT) planning infrastructure that could help patients transition from pediatric to adult-based care regardless of disease/disability. A solid foundation on which to build a hospital-based HCT planning program includes the following: focusing on structure and processes needed to facilitate medical transition; conducting a baseline assessment of current transition policy/practice; building an understanding of the complexity and necessity of transition planning; identifying advocates for transition planning and adult providers who will accept youth with chronic medical conditions; and establishing methods to evaluate transition program building activities. The implementation of any HCT program will depend on creating a culture that expects successful HCT to be the culmination of successful pediatric care. Hospital support (resources, staff training and an expanded infrastructure into which the program can fit) is necessary for a sustainable HCT planning program.
Evaluation of the tshr gene reveals polymorphisms associated with typical symptoms in primary congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Cortinhas Alves Erik Artur , Andrade Raissa Coelho , de Melo Amaral Carlos Eduardo , Fernandes Caldato Milena Coelho , Rocha Bastos Adriana Maria , da Silva Luiz Carlos Santana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrimary congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) has an incidence of approximately 1 in each 3000–4000 live births. In the last two decades, nearly 50 types of the distinct inactivating mutations have already been described in the coding region of the tshr gene. The aim of present study was to investigate tshr gene mutations in patients with primary congenital hypothyroidism, analyzing a sample of 106 patients that were diagnosed with PCH. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples, and 10 exons from the TSH receptor were automatically sequenced. Five nucleotide alterations (P52T, N187N, A459A, L645L, and D727E. N187N and D727E polymorphisms) were associated with positive medical history. In view of the clinical, biochemical and molecular heterogeneity of the etiology of the PCH, the study of polymorphisms is critical for investigating the possible associations with prevailing symptoms of this disorder.
Enhancement in Photovoltaic Properties of Plasmonic Nanostructures Incorporated Organic Solar Cells Processed in Air Using P3HT:PCBM as a Model Active Layer
Authors: Aneesh P.M. , Kumar C. Ram , Reshmi Varma P.C. , Vivek K. , Namboothiry Manoj A.G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effect of incorporation of plasmonic gold (Au) nanoparticle at the interface between transparent front electrode and hole transporting layer of molybdenum trioxide is studied using bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) of poly-3- hexylthiophene and phenyl-C
Nanostructured Organosilicon Luminophores for Effective Light Conversion in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Luponosov Yuriy N. , Surin Nikolay M. , Susarova Diana K. , Buzin Mikhail I. , Anokhin Denis V. , Ivanov Dimitri A. , Troshin Pavel A. , Ponomarenko Sergei A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFull characterization of nanostructured organosilicon luminophores NOL4 and NOL5 based on the donor 2,2’-bithiophene and acceptor 1,4-bis(2,2′- bithiophene-5-yl)benzene units in dilute solutions and thin films by UV-Vis spectroscopy, DSC, TGA and X-ray techniques was reported. It was found that usage of these molecules as dopants (10–20 wt%) to the electroactive polyfluorene host in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) leads to the efficient spectral long wavelength shifting of the electroluminescence and an increase of the OLED performance as compared to the devices based on pristine polyfluorene, NOL4 and NOL5.
Photochemistry and photophysics of mycosporine-like amino acids and gadusols, nature’s ultraviolet screens
Authors: Losantos Raul , Sampedro Diego , Churio María Sandra 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and related gadusols are among the most prominent examples of metabolites suggested to act as UV-sunscreens. This review illustrates how experimental and theoretical studies on model MAAs and gadusol offer a helpful description of the photoprotective mechanism at the molecular level. This knowledge may contribute to the rational design of chemical systems with predictable and tuneable response to light stimulus. Synthetic efforts to obtain MAAs and simplified related structures are also discussed.
Advances in preparation, modification, and application of polypropylene membrane
Authors: Himma Nurul F. , Anisah Sofiatun , Prasetya Nicholaus , Wenten I Gede 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most used polymers for microporous membrane fabrication due to its good thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and low cost. There have been numerous studies reporting the developments and applications of PP membranes. However, PP membrane with high performance is still a challenge. Thus, this article presents a comprehensive overview of the advances in the preparation, modification and application of PP membrane. The preparation methods of PP membrane are firstly reviewed, followed by the modification approaches of PP membrane. The modifications includes hydrophilic and superhydrophobic modification so that the PP membranes become more suitable to be applied either in aqueous applications or in non-aqueous ones. The fouling resistant of hydrophilized PP membrane and the wetting resistant of superhydrophobized PP membrane are then reviewed. Finally, special attention is given to the various potential applications and industrial outlook of the PP membranes.
Radiochemical determination of 129I and 36Cl in
MEGAPIE, a proton irradiated lead-bismuth eutectic spallation target
Authors: Hammer-Rotzler Bernadette , Neuhausen Jörg , Vockenhuber Christof , Boutellier Viktor , Wohlmuther Michael , Türler Andreas , Schumann Dorothea 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The concentrations of the long-lived nuclear reaction products 129I and 36Cl have been measured in samples from
the MEGAPIE liquid metal spallation target. Samples from the bulk target material (lead-bismuth eutectic, LBE), from the interface of
the metal free surface with the cover gas, from LBE/steel interfaces and from noble metal absorber foils installed in the cover gas
system were analysed using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at the Laboratory of Ion beam Physics at ETH Zürich. The major part of
129I and 36Cl was found accumulated on the interfaces, particularly at the interface of LBE and the steel walls
of the target container, while bulk LBE samples contain only a minor fraction of these nuclides. Both nuclides were also detected on
the absorber foils to a certain extent (≪ 1% of the total amount). The latter number is negligible concerning the
radio-hazard of the irradiated target material; however it indicates a certain affinity of the absorber foils for halogens, thus
proving the principle of using noble metal foils for catching these volatile radionuclides. The total amounts of 129I and
36Cl in the target were estimated from the analytical data by averaging within the different groups of samples and summing
up these averages over the total target. This estimation could account for about half of the amount of 129I and
36Cl predicted to be produced using nuclear physics modelling codes for both nuclides. The significance of the results and
the associated uncertainties are discussed.
Entmischung von Quellsignalen aus mehrkanaligen Ultraschallmessungen an Beton
Authors: Feller Viktor , Orglmeister Reinhold , Mielentz Frank 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag stellt die aktuellen Fortschritte der Ultraschallprüfung von Betonbauteilen basierend auf dem ICA-Verfahren vor. Das eingesetzte Verfahren wird bereits erfolgreich in anderen Bereichen der Ultraschallprüfung angewendet. Das große Potential dieser Methode liegt in der Möglichkeit, die sich überlagernden Reflexionen der Ultraschallsignale durch nur wenige Messungen in Echtzeit voneinander zu trennen und durch einfache Triangulation zu lokalisieren.
Es wurden Experimente hinsichtlich der Eignung und praktischer Relevanz des JADE-Algorithmus durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten sowohl an Polyamid als auch an Betontestkörpern.
Die Leistungsfähigkeit des JADE-Algorithmus bezüglich der Quellsignaltrennung wird anhand von mehrkanaligen Ultraschallmessungen gezeigt. Die extrahierten Komponenten enthalten Signalanteile, die mit den entsprechenden Echosignalen in der Messung korrelieren.
Zukünftig wird das untersuchte Verfahren mit der Gruppenstrahlertechnik und einem geeigneten Sende-Empfangskonzept kombiniert, um so die Aussagesicherheit der zerstörungsfreien Untersuchungen zu erhöhen.