bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian methods for expression-based integration of various types of genomics data
Authors: Jennings Elizabeth M , Morris Jeffrey S , Carroll Raymond J , Manyam Ganiraju C , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe propose methods to integrate data across several genomic platforms using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis framework that incorporates the biological relationships among the platforms to identify genes whose expression is related to clinical outcomes in cancer. This integrated approach combines information across all platforms, leading to increased statistical power in finding these predictive genes, and further provides mechanistic information about the manner in which the gene affects the outcome. We demonstrate the advantages of the shrinkage estimation used by this approach through a simulation, and finally, we apply our method to a Glioblastoma Multiforme dataset and identify several genes potentially associated with the patients’ survival. We find 12 positive prognostic markers associated with nine genes and 13 negative prognostic markers associated with nine genes.
X-linked intellectual disability type Nascimento is a clinically distinct, probably underdiagnosed entity
Authors: Czeschik Johanna Christina , Bauer Peter , Buiting Karin , Dufke Claudia , Guillén-Navarro Encarna , Johnson Diana S , Koehler Udo , López-González Vanesa , Lüdecke Hermann-Josef , Male Alison , Morrogh Deborah , Rieß Angelika , Tzschach Andreas , Wieczorek Dagmar , Kuechler Alma 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
X-linked intellectual disability type Nascimento (MIM #300860), caused by mutations in UBE2A (MIM *312180), is characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism (synophrys, prominent supraorbital ridges, deep-set, almond-shaped eyes, depressed nasal bridge, prominent columella, hypoplastic alae nasi, and macrostomia), skin anomalies (hirsutism, myxedematous appearance, onychodystrophy), micropenis, moderate to severe intellectual disability (ID), motor delay, impaired/absent speech, and seizures. Hitherto only five familial point mutations and four different deletions including UBE2A have been reported in the literature.
We present eight additional individuals from five families with UBE2A associated ID - three males from a consanguineous family, in whom we identified a small deletion of only 7.1 kb encompassing the first three exons of UBE2A, two related males with a UBE2A missense mutation in exon 4, a patient with a de novo nonsense mutation in exon 6, and two sporadic males with larger deletions including UBE2A. All affected male individuals share the typical clinical phenotype, all carrier females are unaffected and presented with a completely skewed X inactivation in blood. We conclude that 1.) X-linked intellectual disability type Nascimento is a clinically very distinct entity that might be underdiagnosed to date. 2.) So far, all females carrying a familial UBE2A aberration have a completely skewed X inactivation and are clinically unaffected. This should be taken in to account when counselling those families. 3.) The coverage of an array should be checked carefully prior to analysis since not all arrays have a sufficient resolution at specific loci, or alternative quantitative methods should be applied not to miss small deletions.
Strong cellulase inhibitors from the hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw
Authors: Kont Riin , Kurašin Mihhail , Teugjas Hele , Väljamäe Priit 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
The use of the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose with subsequent fermentation to ethanol provides a green alternative for the production of transportation fuels. Because of its recalcitrant nature, the lignocellulosic biomass must be pretreated before enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the pretreatment often results in the formation of compounds that are inhibitory for the enzymes or fermenting organism. Although well recognized, little quantitative information on the inhibition of individual cellulase components by identified inhibitors is available.

Results
Strong cellulase inhibitors were separated from the liquid fraction of the hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw. HPLC and mass-spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the inhibitors were oligosaccharides (inhibitory oligosaccharides, IOS) with a degree of polymerization from 7 to 16. The IOS are composed of a mixture of xylo- (XOS) and gluco-oligosaccharides (GOS). We propose that XOS and GOS are the fragments of the xylan backbone and mixed-linkage β-glucans, respectively. The IOS were approximately 100 times stronger inhibitors for Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) than cellobiose, which is one of the strongest inhibitors of these enzymes reported to date. Inhibition of endoglucanases (EGs) by IOS was weaker than that of CBHs. Most of the tested cellulases and hemicellulases were able to slowly degrade IOS and reduce the inhibitory power of the liquid fraction to some extent. The most efficient single enzyme component here was T. reesei EG Tr Cel7B. Although reduced by the enzyme treatment, the residual inhibitory power of IOS and the liquid fraction was strong enough to silence the major component of the T. reesei cellulase system, CBH Tr Cel7A.

Conclusions
The cellulase inhibitors described here may be responsible for the poor yields from the enzymatic conversion of the whole slurries from lignocellulose pretreatment under conditions that do not favor complete degradation of hemicellulose. Identification of the inhibitory compounds helps to design better enzyme mixtures for their degradation and to optimize the pretreatment regimes to minimize their formation.
Prevalence and risk factors for resistant hypertension among hypertensive patients from a developing country
Authors: Kumara WA Nuwan , Perera Thisara , Dissanayake Mekhala , Ranasinghe Priyanga , Constantine Godwin R 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
To study the prevalence and define deferential risk factors for ‘Resistant’ hypertension (RHT) in a hypertensive population of South Asian origin.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among hypertensive patients attending clinics at the Cardiology Unit, Colombo from July-October 2009. All the patients with hypertension who provided informed written consent were recruited to the study (n = 277). A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. A binary logistic-regression analysis was performed in all patients with ‘presence of RHT’ as the dichotomous dependent variable and other independent co-variants.

Results
Mean age was 61 ± 10.3 years and 50.2% were males. The mean of average systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) were 133.04 ± 12.91 mmHg and 81.07 ± 6.41 mmHg respectively. Uncontrolled BP was present in 41.1% (n = 114) of patients, of which RHT was present in 19.1% (n = 53). Uncontrolled BP were due to ‘therapeutic inertia’ in 27.8% of the study population. Those with diabetes mellitus, obesity (BMI > 27.5 kg/m2) and those who were older than 55 years were significantly higher in the RHT group than in the non-RHT group. In the binary logistic regression analysis older age (OR:1.36), longer duration of hypertension (OR:1.76), presence of diabetes mellitus (OR:1.67) and being obese (OR:1.84) were significantly associated with RHT.

Conclusion
A significant proportion of the hypertensive patients were having uncontrolled hypertension. Nearly 1/5th of the population was suffering from RHT, which was significantly associated with the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic inertia seems to contribute significantly towards the presence of uncontrolled BP.
Curcumin protection activities against γ-Rays-induced molecular and biochemical lesions
Authors: Tawfik Sameh S , Abouelella Amira M , Shahein Yasser E 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Curcumin is a yellow-pigment phenolic compound used as a food spice and has a broad spectrum of antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods
Radio-protective efficacy of curcumin; diferuloylmethane (C21H20O6) was evaluated using molecular and biochemical assays in male mice after exposure to 3 Gy γ-rays. Curcumin was given at a dose of 400 μmol/ kg body weight via gastric tubes for 5 following days either pre-, post- or both pre- and post-exposure.

Results
The incidence of aberrant cells and aberration types (mostly chromatids, breaks and fragments) was reduced with curcumin dosage as compared to irradiated group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxide (HP), xanthine oxidase (XO) and apoptotic markers (DNA- fragmentation and caspase-3 activation) were increased significantly, whereas levels of glutathione (GSH) and the enzymatic antioxidants [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were significantly depleted in γ-irradiated mice. Curcumin treatments of mice groups including the 5 days pre-irradiation treated group (protected), the 5 days post-irradiation treated group (treated), and the curcumin treated group 5 days pre- and post-irradiation (protracted), have attenuated the liver toxic effects of γ-rays as manifested by reducing the levels of TBARS, HP, XO and DNA fragmentation. Curcumin has also rescued the depletion of GSH and the enzymatic-antioxidant status.

Conclusions
Curcumin has significant radio-protective and radio-recovery activities in γ-irradiated mice. It has antioxidant potential against γ-rays-induced cytogenetic, molecular and biochemical lesions in mice.
Analysis of 754 Cases of Antithyroid Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis Over 30 Years in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Hirotoshi , Miyauchi Akira , Miyawaki Natsuko , Imagawa Junichi 
Published: September 2013

Background:
Agranulocytosis is a rare but serious complication of antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy. Characteristics of agranulocytosis have been reported in only a small number of patients.

Method:
We studied 754 cases of ATD-induced agranulocytosis reported over 30 years. The age distribution and sex ratio were compared with those in 12 503 untreated Graves' patients at Kuma Hospital. The annual number of new Graves' patients in Japan was estimated from the Japan Medical Data Center Data Mart-Pharmacovigilance health insurance receipt database.

Results:
Agranulocytosis developed within 90 days after starting ATD therapy in most patients (84.5%). The methimazole dose given at onset was 25.2 ± 12.8 mg/d (mean ± SD). The mean age was 43.4 ± 15.2 years, and the male to female ratio was 1:6.3. When compared with patients at Kuma Hospital, patients with agranulocytosis were older (P &lt; .001) and more females (P &lt; .0001). Of 211 patients with more than 1 granulocyte measurement before onset, 131 (62%) showed normal counts (&gt;1000/μL) within 2 weeks before onset, demonstrating real sudden onset of agranulocytosis. In contrast, some of the 20 patients with more than 4 measurements showed gradual decreases in granulocyte counts. Analysis of physician reports for 30 fatal cases revealed that some deaths might have been prevented. The number of new Graves' patients treated with ATD was estimated at about 35 000 per year, and the incidence rate of agranulocytosis was 0.1% to 0.15% in Japan.

Conclusion:
This is the largest study of agranulocytosis. Agranulocytosis tends to occur abruptly within 3 months after initiation of ATD therapy, although it develops gradually in some patients. Providing every patient with sufficient information on agranulocytosis is critical.
Low temperatures reduce skin healing in the Jacaré do Pantanal (Caiman yacare, Daudin 1802)
Authors: Pressinotti Leandro Nogueira , Borges Ricardo Moraes , Alves De Lima Angela Paula , Aleixo Victor Manuel , Iunes Renata Stecca , Borges João Carlos Shimada , Cogliati Bruno , Cunha Da Silva José Roberto Machado 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Studies of skin wound healing in crocodilians are necessary given the frequent occurrence of cannibalism in intensive farming systems. Air temperature affects tissue recovery because crocodilians are ectothermic. Therefore, the kinetics of skin wound healing in Caiman yacare were examined at temperatures of 33°C and 23°C. Sixteen caiman were selected and divided into two groups of eight maintained at 23°C or 33°C. The studied individuals' scars were photographed after 1, 2, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days of the experimental conditions, and samples were collected for histological processing after 3, 7, 15 and 30 days. Macroscopically, the blood clot (heterophilic granuloma) noticeably remained in place covering the wound longer for the caiman kept at 23°C. Microscopically, the temperature of 23°C slowed epidermal migration and skin repair. Comparatively, new blood vessels, labeled using von Willebrand factor (vWF) antibody staining, were more frequently found in the scars of the 33°C group. The collagen fibers in the dermis were denser in the 33°C treatment. Considering the delayed healing at 23°C, producers are recommended to keep wounded animals at 33°C, especially when tanks are cold, to enable rapid wound closure and better repair of collagen fibers because such lesions tend to compromise the use of their skin as leather.
A stem cell proliferation burst forms new layers of P63 expressing suprabasal cells during zebrafish postembryonic epidermal development
Authors: Guzman Aida , Ramos-Balderas Jose L. , Carrillo-Rosas Samantha , Maldonado Ernesto 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Organ growth during development is a highly regulated process with both temporal and spatial constraints. Epidermal stratification is essential for skin growth and development. Although the zebrafish has been well studied, it is not known when and how epidermal stratification occurs. This is because beyond the first five days of development our knowledge is currently limited. We found that epidermal stratification in zebrafish begins when the larvae reach a standard length (SL) of 6 mm at approximately 25 days of age. Over the next four days (from a SL of 6 to 9 mm), epidermis thickness increases almost four-fold. This represents a sudden increase in organ size, since for the previous 20 days of development, the epidermis has been only two layers thick. This pattern is different from that observed in mammals that undergo continuous stratification from E14.5–E18.5. To study how stem cell proliferation gives rise to the new epidermal layers, we used a combination of markers: one for cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear-antigen PCNA) and one for epidermal stem cells (P63 transcription factor). We identified, throughout the stratification process, two different waves of cell division. Initially, the most basal epidermal cells divided and generated a subset of suprabasal cells (possibly transient-amplifying cells); within the next several days, the basal cells stopped dividing, and the suprabasal cells began proliferation, giving rise to most of the cell types in the new layers. This part of the process is similar to what has been recently found during epidermal stratification in mammals.
Unique apicomplexan IMC sub-compartment proteins are early markers for apical polarity in the malaria parasite
Authors: Poulin Benoit , Patzewitz Eva-Maria , Brady Declan , Silvie Olivier , Wright Megan H. , Ferguson David J. P. , Wall Richard J. , Whipple Sarah , Guttery David S. , Tate Edward W. , Wickstead Bill , Holder Anthony A. , Tewari Rita 
Published: September 2013

Summary
The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 5000 intracellular protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, that are clinically important pathogens affecting humans and livestock. Malaria parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium possess a pellicle comprised of a plasmalemma and inner membrane complex (IMC), which is implicated in parasite motility and invasion. Using live cell imaging and reverse genetics in the rodent malaria model P. berghei, we localise two unique IMC sub-compartment proteins (ISPs) and examine their role in defining apical polarity during zygote (ookinete) development. We show that these proteins localise to the anterior apical end of the parasite where IMC organisation is initiated, and are expressed at all developmental stages, especially those that are invasive. Both ISP proteins are N-myristoylated, phosphorylated and membrane-bound. Gene disruption studies suggest that ISP1 is likely essential for parasite development, whereas ISP3 is not. However, an absence of ISP3 alters the apical localisation of ISP1 in all invasive stages including ookinetes and sporozoites, suggesting a coordinated function for these proteins in the organisation of apical polarity in the parasite.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of Tunisian Crithmum maritimum L. Essential oils
Authors: Nguir Asma , Besbes Malek , Ben Jannet Hichem , Flamini Guido , Harzallah-Skhiri Fethia , Hamza M’hamed Ali 
Published: September 2013

Â acetylcholinesterase properties of the aerial parts and roots essential oils from Crithmum maritimum L., Apiaceae, gathered in the area of Monastir (Tunisia). The essential oils have been analysed by GC and GC-MS. Remarkable differences were found between the constituent percentages of the different studied organs. The most important compounds from the aerial parts were: Î³-terpinene (39.3%), methylcarvacrol (21.6%) and p-cymene (11.8%). In the roots oil, the main components were terpinolene (36.9%), dillapiole (26.8%) and Î³-terpinene (21.9%). The antioxidant activity of the two oils was evaluated by employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2â€²-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging tests. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity assessed by different in vitro tests were moderate, the ABTS assay after 20 min (IC50 = 0.051 mg/mL) of aerial parts and (IC50 = 0.643 mg/mL) of the roots, appeared to be more potent than that for the DPPH assay (IC50 = 0.92 mg/mL) of aerial parts and (IC50 = 0.048 mg/mL) of roots. In addition, the examined oils showed the highest AchE inhibitory 1 mg/mL activity (31.16% and 26.35%, for the aerial parts and roots, respectively).
Synthesis, characterization and release studies of monomer and copolymers based on 3-aminopyridine as a pharmaceutical precursor
Authors: Diaf Kheira , El bahri Zineb , Bengharez Zohra , Chafi Nafa , Mesli Abderrazzek 
Published: September 2013

Â The aim of the current study is to prepare controlled release formulations composed from 3-aminopyridine. This active molecule is modified by chemical grafting on monomer based on (m,p)-vinylbenzaldehyde and then copolymerized with dimethylacrylamide to get hydrosoluble systems. In these systems, the active agent is spaced out from copolymer chain by phenyl group. The obtained supports i.e. monomer and copolymers are characterized by FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C) and other techniques. The drug release from these formulations is studied and the values of release constants demonstrated that 3-aminopyridine release can be modified using these systems. Also, the effect of pH release media on the drug release is discussed.
Microwave dielectric properties of binary solvent wateralcohol, alcohol-alcohol mixtures at temperatures between -35Â°C and +35Â°C and dielectric relaxation studies
Authors: Megriche Adel , Belhadj Abdellatif , Mgaidi Arbi 
Published: September 2013

In this work, our objective was to study the complex permittivity of binary mixtures of water-ethanol, water-methanol and methanol-ethanol with various mole fractions at temperature between -35 and 35 Â°C.Measurements were made in the frequency domain from 300 kHz to 1.3 GHz by means of an open ended coaxial line technique coupled to a network analyzer. Water-ethanol and water-methanol mixtures display a Kraszewski Law while methanol-ethanol mixture shows a Shivola-Kong Law. The static dielectric constant, Îµs were obtained from the plateau of Îµ'(Ï‰) curve, in water rich mixture or alcohol rich mixture has similar real permittivity Îµ' of pure liquids. The values of Îµs mixtures increase by decreasing the temperature assigned to the cooperativeÂ dynamics H-bond system in mediums. The validity of permittivity measurements according to the temperature are verified by the Queen-King Law and the j (0ï‚£ jï‚£2) A constants are compared with literature data. The dielectric relaxation behaviour of water-ethanol mixture can be better described with a Cole-Davidson function while for methanol-ethanol one, a Debye function gives a good fit. At 25 Â°C, the relaxation time ï´ in the aqueous mixtures of ethanol and methanol sharply increased with increasing alcohol concentration.
“Modern Christianity Is Ancient Judaism”: Rabbi Gustav Gottheil and the Jewish-American Religious Future, 1873–1903
Authors: Maskell Caleb J. D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGustav Gottheil was a person of great influence in the development of American Reform Judaism, but his story has been largely forgotten. From 1873 to 1903, he was rabbi at Temple Emanu-El, the largest and wealthiest Reform Congregation on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. A prolific author and public teacher, he was “a striking and dominating figure … in American Judaism at large.” He was also controversial, criticized by some for his perceived openness to the ideals, institutions, and elites of American liberal Christianity. One editorialist wrote that he was “frequently accused of … ogling with Christianity, of servilely fawning upon it.” Another suggested that, when the history of American Reform Judaism was written, “ill-disposed critics [would] deny Gottheil his legitimate place,” judging that he was “dragging the congregation into … un-Jewish paths” based on his warm relations with urban Christian elites.This essay is a study of the complex dynamics of Gustav Gottheil’s relationship to American Christianity. It argues that Gottheil believed America was in profound religious transition. In spite of the fact that American culture was dominated by Christian normativity, liberal Christians who were giving up their Trinitarian dogmas were actuallybecomingReform Jews—“Modern Christianity,” he said in 1885, “is ancient Judaism.” This trajectory left him in no doubt that Reform Judaism was the “only possible religion of the American future.”Throughout his ministry, Gottheil sought to advance the process of the conversion of American Christianity to Judaism. He entered into extensive dialogue and friendship with scores of liberal Christian leaders—the “ogling” and “fawning” for which he was criticized. His strategy was rarely to debate but, rather, to inhabit their vocabulary. He spoke the religious language of the normatively Christian American culture, affirming the cultural impulses of the Christian nationalist vision while creatively renarrating them on Jewish foundations.