bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trafficking of LAG-3 to the Surface on Activated T Cells via Its Cytoplasmic Domain and Protein Kinase C Signaling
Authors: Bae Joonbeom , Lee Suk Jun , Park Chung-Gyu , Lee Young Sik , Chun Taehoon 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3; CD223), a structural homolog of CD4, binds to MHC class II molecules. Recent research indicated that signaling mediated by LAG-3 inhibits T cell proliferation, and LAG-3 serves as a key surface molecule for the function of regulatory T cells. Previous reports demonstrated that the majority of LAG-3 is retained in the intracellular compartments and is rapidly translocated to the cell surface upon stimulation. However, the mechanism by which LAG-3 translocates to the cell surface was unclear. In this study, we examined the trafficking of human LAG-3 under unstimulated as well as stimulated conditions of T cells. Under the unstimulated condition, the majority of LAG-3 did not reach the cell surface, but rather degraded within the lysosomal compartments. After stimulation, the majority of LAG-3 translocated to the cell surface without degradation in the lysosomal compartments. Results indicated that the cytoplasmic domain without Glu-Pro repetitive sequence is critical for the translocation of LAG-3 from lysosomal compartments to the cell surface. Moreover, protein kinase C signaling leads to the translocation of LAG-3 to the cell surface. However, two potential serine phosphorylation sites from the LAG-3 cytoplasmic domain are not involved in the translocation of LAG-3. These results clearly indicate that LAG-3 trafficking from lysosomal compartments to the cell surface is dependent on the cytoplasmic domain through protein kinase C signaling in activated T cells.
“Seen and Read of Men”
Authors: Lindsey Rachel McBride 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article seeks to redress certain historiographical oversights in the study of Father Divine's Peace Mission movement by turning away from exclusive consideration of Divine's own theological agenda and toward the very tactile devotional culture of his diverse followers. Recent scholarship has rightly pointed out the influences of New Thought on Divine's theologies of materialization and on his reconceptualization of cosmic dramas of personal and corporate salvation, developments that can be seen in the theological sensibilities of his followers as well. Yet, the Peace Mission's “living epistles” also had deep histories, whether personal or familial, in Protestant and Catholic traditions that were not simply discarded when they turned to Father Divine. Lastly, much of the current scholarship on Father Divine and the Peace Mission has been limited to the highly charged Harlem decade of the 1930s. Drawing on the rich material archive of subsequent decades, this article looks primarily at the Peace Mission's activities of the 1940s and 1950s, thus yielding insight into the changing racial dynamics of the movement as well as its ongoing relationship with postwar American cultures.
Immanence, Governmentality, Critique: Toward a Recovery of Totality in Rhetorical Theory
Authors: Merchant Jamie 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Foucault's lectures on neoliberalism provide an implicit critique of the contemporary theoretical emphasis on antirepresentational, immanent theories of discourse, subjectivity, and power. From this standpoint, such immanentism can be understood as a distinct effect of a neoliberal governmental practice directed at the suppression of the idea of totality. To address Foucault's critique, this article argues for a reinterpretation of Lloyd Bitzer's concept of “situation” to recover a working notion of totality that would be useful for critical and material rhetorical inquiry. Historicizing the immanent turn in the critical humanities can open the way for a critical social theory of communication.
Grove schuld en opzet in het Curaçaose belastingrecht
Authors: Kenswil Siegfried G. 
Published: August 2014

Grove schuld en opzet in het Curaçaose belastingrecht
Indien de belastingplichtige grove schuld of opzet kan worden toegerekend, mag de Belastingdienst een vergrijpboete opleggen. Deze vergrijpboete kan bij opzettelijk handelen oplopen tot 100% van het te weinig betaalde belastingbedrag. Dit artikel tracht inzicht te geven in de invulling van deze strafrechtelijke begrippen in de Curaçaose fiscale praktijk. De kwalificatie van grove schuld of opzet is casuïstisch, waarbij de bewijslast bij de Belastingdienst ligt. Grove schuld is omschreven als een in laakbaarheid aan opzet grenzende mate van verwijtbaarheid dat mede grove onachtzaamheid omvat. Opzet is omschreven als het willens en wetens handelen of nalaten. Indien sprake is van een pleitbaar standpunt, kan de belastingplichtige geen verwijt worden gemaakt. Wanneer een belastingplichtige zijn belastingzaken laat behartigen door een adviseur, kan de schuld van de adviseur niet zonder meer worden toegerekend aan de belastingplichtige.
Zorgvuldig en bedachtzaam
Authors: Bakhuis G.A.H. , Nummerdor H. , Philipsen S. , de Wit J.C. 
Published: August 2014

Zorgvuldig en bedachtzaam
In dit artikel staat de eerste uitspraak van het Constitutioneel Hof van Sint Maarten centraal. Allereerst worden de mogelijkheden van constitutionele toetsing in het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden geschetst. Aansluitend wordt de toetsingsbevoegdheid van het Hof besproken zoals die is opgenomen in de Staatsregeling van Sint Maarten. Daarna wordt ingegaan op de uitgangspunten die het Hof kiest bij de uitoefening van deze bevoegdheid. Op basis van hetgeen is beschreven, concluderen de auteurs dat het Hof zijn ruime bevoegdheid zorgvuldig en bedachtzaam heeft ingekaderd.
Instructiebevoegdheid en de aansprakelijkheid van de moedervennootschap als medebeleidsbepaler van haar dochter-bv op grond van art. 2:248 lid 7 BW: een kwestie van balans
Authors: Mokhberolsafa D. 
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting:
Het geven van concrete instructies kan de moedervennootschap eerder in de gevarenzone brengen om door de curator als medebeleidsbepaler van haar dochter-bv in de zin van art. 2:248 lid 7 BW aansprakelijk te worden gesteld. De aanwezigheid van een concrete instructie kan immers de feitelijke ondergeschiktheidspositie van het dochterbestuur aan de moedervennootschap in zoverre onderstrepen, dat de moedervennootschap eerder gezien kan worden als degene die feitelijk het bestuur uitoefent. Zodoende kan zij als medebeleidsbepaler worden gekwalificeerd en door de rechter aansprakelijk worden gehouden op grond van art. 2:248 lid 7 BW.
Hoe effectief straft de keten eigenlijk?
Authors: Van Velthoven Ben 
Published: August 2014

The development of the average punishment per criminal offence imposed by the Criminal Justice System in the Netherlands over the period 1995-2012
This paper studies the development of the average punishment per criminal offence, the product of frequency and severity, imposed by the Criminal Justice System in the Netherlands over the period 1995-2012. Available data cover all principal sanctions: (unconditional) prison sentences, community service orders and fines. A decomposition is made to separate the frequency and severity of punishment from size effects (changes in the composition of crime). The decomposition points out that, on average, crime has become more serious over time. The average punishment per criminal offence in 2012 is lower than it was in 1995.
Daar doen we het voor! Opbrengsten en effecten van verslavingsreclassering
Authors: Von Grumbkow Corine , Van Wonderen Ron 
Published: August 2014

This is what we are working for! Yields and effects of the rehabilitation and probation of drug-addicted offenders
The SVG aims to improve its ability to show the social relevance of the work done by organizations for the rehabilitation and probation of drug-addicted offenders. As a first step the SVG asked the Verwey-Jonker Institute to develop a monitor which provides structurally insight into the returns of this work. The monitor couples data at the individual client level to relevant indicators. The monitor’s results are very promising. A year after they had come into contact with the rehabilitating institutions, clients committed significantly fewer criminal offences than they did during the year prior to that moment. Contacts with the police decreased as well.
Enige ontwikkelingen op het terrein van de trust
Authors: van de Ven K.M.L.L. 
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting
Het fiscale regime voor afgezonderde particuliere vermogens is in 2010 ingevoerd voor rechtsfiguren zoals de Anglo-Amerikaanse discretionary trust en de Curaçaose Stichting Particulier Fonds. Drie jaar na de invoering van het APV-regime is dit door de Belastingdienst geëvalueerd en heeft een wijziging in de aanmerkelijkbelangregeling plaatsgevonden. Voor het overgangsrecht met betrekking tot het recht van schenking is rechtspraak gewezen. Verwacht wordt dat er de komende jaren nog verdere ontwikkelingen te zien zullen zijn. In buurland België is in 2013 een regeling in werking getreden die een meldingsplicht inhoudt van buitenlandse vermogensstructuren, waaronder de trust.
De strijd om de dierenwinkel
Authors: Luijten E.A.A. , Meijer W.R. 
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting
Wanneer de erfgenamen de nalatenschap van de erflater beneficiair aanvaard hebben, dient deze te worden vereffend. Alle erfgenamen zijn in principe vereffenaar; onder omstandigheden kan de kantonrechter een buitenstaander tot vereffenaar benoemen. De vraag is wanneer dat zinvol is.
A Site-Specific Integrated Col2.3GFP Reporter Identifies Osteoblasts Within Mineralized Tissue Formed In Vivo by Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Xin Xiaonan , Jiang Xi , Wang Liping , Stover Mary Louise , Zhan Shuning , Huang Jianping , Goldberg A. Jon , Liu Yongxing , Kuhn Liisa , Reichenberger Ernst J. , Rowe David W. , Lichtler Alexander C. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for study and treatment of bone diseases or traumatic bone injuries requires efficient protocols to differentiate hESCs/iPSCs into cells with osteogenic potential and the ability to isolate differentiated osteoblasts for analysis. We have used zinc finger nuclease technology to deliver a construct containing the Col2.3 promoter driving GFPemerald to the AAVS1 site (referred to as a “safe harbor” site), in human embryonic stem cells (H9Zn2.3GFP), with the goal of marking the cells that have become differentiated osteoblasts. In teratomas formed using these cells, we identified green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive cells specifically associated with in vivo bone formation. We also differentiated the cells into a mesenchymal stem cell population with osteogenic potential and implanted them into a mouse calvarial defect model. We observed GFP-positive cells associated with alizarin complexone-labeled newly formed bone surfaces. The cells were alkaline phosphatase-positive, and immunohistochemistry with human specific bone sialoprotein (BSP) antibody indicates that the GFP-positive cells are also associated with the human BSP-containing matrix, demonstrating that the Col2.3GFP construct marks cells in the osteoblast lineage. Single-cell cloning generated a 100% Col2.3GFP-positive cell population, as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a GFP probe. The karyotype was normal, and pluripotency was demonstrated by Tra1-60 immunostaining, pluripotent low density reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction array and embryoid body formation. These cells will be useful to develop optimal osteogenic differentiation protocols and to isolate osteoblasts from normal and diseased iPSCs for analysis.
Cost-Effective Master Cell Bank Validation of Multiple Clinical-Grade Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines From a Single Donor
Authors: Devito Liani , Petrova Anastasia , Miere Cristian , Codognotto Stefano , Blakely Nicola , Lovatt Archie , Ogilvie Caroline , Khalaf Yacoub , Ilic Dusko 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Standardization guidelines for human pluripotent stem cells are still very broadly defined, despite ongoing clinical trials in the U.S., U.K., and Japan. The requirements for validation of human embryonic (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in general follow the regulations for other clinically compliant biologics already in place but without addressing key differences between cell types or final products. In order to realize the full potential of stem cell therapy, validation criteria, methodology, and, most importantly, strategy, should address the shortfalls and efficiency of current approaches; without this, hESC- and, especially, iPSC-based therapy will not be able to compete with other technologies in a cost-efficient way. We addressed the protocols for testing cell lines for human viral pathogens and propose a novel strategy that would significantly reduce costs. It is highly unlikely that the multiple cell lines derived in parallel from a tissue sample taken from one donor would have different profiles of endogenous viral pathogens; we therefore argue that samples from the Master Cell Banks of sibling lines could be safely pooled for validation. We illustrate this approach with tiered validation of two sibling clinical-grade hESC lines, KCL033 and KCL034 (stage 1, sterility; stage 2, specific human pathogens; and stage 3, nonspecific human pathogens). The results of all tests were negative. This cost-effective strategy could also be applied for validation of Master Cell Banks of multiple clinical-grade iPSC lines derived from a single donor.
Le botaniste et la guérisseuse : figures de l’imaginaire végétal dans La Quarantaine de Le Clézio
Authors: Bouvet Rachel 
Published: August 2014

À travers le « Journal du botaniste » inséré dans La Quarantaine, Le Clézio révèle un pan de l’imaginaire scientifique propre aux découvertes : c’est en effet la figure de l’explorateur qui se dessine à travers ce personnage pétri de connaissances sur les plantes exotiques, parcourant l’île dans ses moindres recoins, collectant à la manière des anciens herboristes divers spécimens. En plus de dresser par ce biais une description riche et variée de la végétation de l’île Plate, le récit rappelle l’importance des voyages à la fois dans l’histoire de la circulation des plantes et dans la constitution de l’imaginaire scientifique lui-même. Pourtant, ce n’est pas John Metcalfe, le botaniste, mais bien Ananta, la guérisseuse et servante des bûchers d’origine indienne, qui détient le savoir nécessaire au traitement des malades atteints de la variole, un savoir populaire qu’elle transmet à sa fille, Surya. En plus de posséder des vertus salvatrices, le végétal se trouve à la base de l’alimentation des coolies, qui cultivent de petits jardins, alors que les Blancs ne comptent que sur la nourriture apportée par les bateaux. Le Clézio rappelle dans ce roman les liens étroits entre le végétal et l’humain, des liens qui semblent s’être distendus en raison de la spécialisation des savoirs, alors que dans l’imaginaire les plantes restent intimement liées à la vie humaine: « Ce sont les plantes qui sauvent les hommes » (268).
CD4 trajectory adjusting for dropout among HIV‐positive patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in an East African HIV care centre
Authors: Kiragga Agnes N , Lok Judith J , Musick Beverly S , Bosch Ronald J , Mwangi Ann , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara K , Yiannoutsos Constantin T ,   for the East Africa IeDEA Regional Consortium
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveEstimates of CD4 response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) obtained by averaging data from patients in care, overestimate population CD4 response and treatment program effectiveness because they do not consider data from patients who are deceased or not in care. We use mathematical methods to assess and adjust for this bias based on patient characteristics.DesignWe examined data from 25,261 HIV‐positive patients from the East Africa IeDEA Consortium.MethodsWe used inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) to represent patients not in care by patients in care with similar characteristics. We address two questions: What would the median CD4 be “had everyone starting ART remained on observation?” and “were everyone starting ART maintained on treatment?”ResultsRoutine CD4 count estimates were higher than adjusted estimates even under the best‐case scenario of maintaining all patients on treatment. Two years after starting ART, differences between estimates diverged from 30 cells/µL, assuming similar mortality and treatment access among dropouts as patients in care, to over 100 cells/µL assuming 20% lower survival and 50% lower treatment access among dropouts. When considering only patients in care, the proportion of patients with CD4 above 350 cells/µL was 50% adjusted to below 30% when accounting for patients not in care. One‐year mortality diverged 6–14% from the naïve estimates depending on assumptions about access to care among lost patients.ConclusionsIgnoring mortality and loss to care results in over‐estimation of ART response for patients starting treatment and exaggerates the efficacy of treatment programs administering it.
A reexamination of long‐duration radial IMF events
Authors: Pi Gilbert , Shue Jih‐Hong , Chao Jih‐Kwin , Němeček Zdenek , Šafránková Jana , Lin Chia‐Hsien 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is one of the special solar wind conditions when the orientation of the IMF is aligned with the solar wind velocity. In this study, we reexamine the solar wind condition during the long‐duration radial IMF (>4 h) using the OMNI solar wind data. During the events, the IMF magnitude, solar wind speed, density, and especially its temperature are depressed in comparison with their yearly averages. In contrast to previous studies, we have found that the total time of the radial IMF per year does not change with solar activity. MHD simulation models failed to predict the location of the magnetopause under the radial IMF condition. A part of the inaccuracy is due to the use of assumed solar wind parameters in the simulations. Here we provide MHD modelers with the real solar wind parameters for simulations of the radial IMF.
Scaling and stochastic cascade properties of NEMO oceanic simulations and their potential value for GCM evaluation and downscaling
Authors: Verrier Sébastien , Crépon Michel , Thiria Sylvie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSpectral scaling properties have already been evidenced on oceanic numerical simulations and have been subject to several interpretations. They can be used to evaluate classical turbulence theories that predict scaling with specific exponents and to evaluate the quality of GCM outputs from a statistical and multiscale point of view. However, a more complete framework based on multifractal cascades is able to generalize the classical but restrictive second‐order spectral framework to other moment orders, providing an accurate description of probability distributions of the fields at multiple scales. The predictions of this formalism still needed systematic verification in oceanic GCM while they have been confirmed recently for their atmospheric counterparts by several papers. The present paper is devoted to a systematic analysis of several oceanic fields produced by the NEMO oceanic GCM. Attention is focused to regional, idealized configurations that permit to evaluate the NEMO engine core from a scaling point of view regardless of limitations involved by land masks. Based on classical multifractal analysis tools, multifractal properties were evidenced for several oceanic state variables (sea surface temperature and salinity, velocity components, etc.). While first‐order structure functions estimated a different nonconservativity parameter H in two scaling ranges, the multiorder statistics of turbulent fluxes were scaling over almost the whole available scaling range. This multifractal scaling was then parameterized with the help of the universal multifractal framework, providing parameters that are coherent with existing empirical literature. Finally, we argue that the knowledge of these properties may be useful for oceanographers. The framework seems very well suited for the statistical evaluation of OGCM outputs. Moreover, it also provides practical solutions to simulate subpixel variability stochastically for GCM downscaling purposes. As an independent perspective, the existence of multifractal properties in oceanic flows seems also interesting for investigating scale dependencies in remote sensing inversion algorithms.
Spring carbonate chemistry dynamics of surface waters in the northern East China Sea: Water mixing, biological uptake of CO2, and chemical buffering capacity
Authors: Zhai Wei‐Dong , Chen Jian‐Fang , Jin Hai‐Yan , Li Hong‐Liang , Liu Jin‐Wen , He Xian‐Qiang , Bai Yan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe investigated sea surface total alkalinity (TAlk), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and satellite‐derived chlorophyll‐a in the connection between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea (ECS) during April to early May 2007. In spring, Changjiang dilution water (CDW), ECS offshore water, and together with Yellow Sea water (YSW) occupied the northern ECS. Using 16 day composite satellite‐derived chlorophyll‐a images, several algal blooms were identified in the CDW and ECS offshore water. Correspondingly, biological DIC drawdown of 73 ± 20 μmol kg−1, oversaturated DO of 10–110 μmol O2 kg−1, and low fugacity of CO2 of 181–304 μatm were revealed in these two waters. YSW also showed CO2 uptake in spring, due to the very low temperature. However, its intrusion virtually counteracted CO2 uptake in the northern ECS. In the CDW and the ECS offshore water, Revelle factor was 9.3–11.7 and 8.9–10.6, respectively, while relatively high Revelle factor values of 11.4–13.0 were revealed in YSW. In the ECS offshore water, the observed relationship between DIC drawdown and oversaturated DO departed from the Redfield ratio, indicating an effect of chemical buffering capacity on the carbonate system during air‐sea reequilibration. Given the fact that the chemical buffering capacity slows down the air‐sea reequilibration of CO2, the early spring DIC drawdown may have durative effects on the sea surface carbonate system until early summer. Although our study is subject to limited temporal and spatial coverage of sampling, these insights are fundamental to understanding sea surface carbonate chemistry dynamics in this important ocean margin.
TiO2 Hollow Spheres Composed of Highly Crystalline Nanocrystals Exhibit Superior Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Zhang Genqiang , Wu Hao Bin , Song Taeseup , Paik Ungyu , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhile the synthesis of TiO2 hollow structures is well‐established, in most cases it is particularly difficult to control the crystallization of TiO2 in solution or by calcination. As a result, TiO2 hollow structures do not really exhibit enhanced lithium storage properties. Herein, we report a simple and cost‐effective template‐assisted method to synthesize anatase TiO2 hollow spheres composed of highly crystalline nanocrystals, in which carbonaceous (C) spheres are chosen as the removable template. The release of gaseous species from the combustion of C spheres may inhibit the growth of TiO2 crystallites so that instead small TiO2 nanocrystals are generated. The small size and high crystallinity of primary TiO2 nanoparticles and the high structural integrity of the hollow spheres gives rise to significant improvements in the cycling stability and rate performance of the TiO2 hollow spheres.