bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tight junctions in Gerbil von Ebner's Gland: Horseradish peroxidase and freeze‐fracture studies
Authors: Huang Anthony Y. , Chen Ming‐Huei , Wu Sandy Y. , Lu Kuo‐Shyan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe permeability of tight junctions to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the freeze‐fracture appearance of junctional structures were investigated in the von Ebner's gland of gerbils. In the tracing study, HRP was either administered topically on the dorsal surface of tongues or injected subepithelially into the connective tissue of vallate papillae for 5–30 min. Lingual tissues containing the von Ebner's gland were sectioned and examined by light and electron microscopy. In von Ebner's glands, the reaction product for HRP was found in the intercellular and interstitial spaces, whereas HRP appeared to penetrate the tight junctions and the reaction product was localized in the lumina of serous acini. In contrast, the staining for HRP that delineated the boundary of epithelial cells was frequently observed in the superficial layers of the lingual epithelium but not the underlying tissues while applying HRP topically. Freeze‐fracture replicas of acinar cells revealed that the tight junction had a depth of 0.815 ± 0.023 μm, and 4–6 parallel strands on the protoplasmic fracture face, with a branching network of joining strands with interruptions, interconnections and high linear strand density apically, and corresponding grooves on the extracellular face. Quantitative analyses showed a greater number of strands (7.217 ± 0.326) in gerbils compared to those of acinar cells (3.86 ± 0.22) in mice. These results demonstrate that the tight junctions in the gerbil von Ebner's gland is permeable, and that specific species differences in tight junction structures may be associated with the mechanism for survival in an extremely dry environment. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:213–219, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antioxidant effects of proanthocyanidin‐rich natural extracts from grape seed and cupuassu on gastrointestinal mucosa
Authors: Pinent Montserrat , Castell‐Auví Anna , Genovese Maria Inés , Serrano Joan , Casanova Angela , Blay Mayte , Ardévol Anna 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe gastrointestinal tract (GI) is constantly exposed to reactive species released by the GI tract itself, and those present in food and beverages. Phenolic compounds may help in protecting the GI tract against damage produced by the reactive species. In this paper we have analyzed the effects of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in two different intestinal cell types: the absorptive cell line Caco‐2 and the enteroendocrine cell line STC‐1.RESULTSWe show that GSPE prevents tert‐butylhydroperoxide‐induced oxidative stress in both cell lines, and that the effects are dose and time dependent. We have also analyzed whether GSPE has any in vivo effect, and found that 25 mg kg−1 body weight cannot counteract the increase in intestinal ROS induced by the cafeteria diet. However, an acute (1 h) treatment of 1 g GSPE kg−1 body weight reduced ROS in fasted animals and also decreased ROS induction by food. These effects were found only after a short‐term treatment. Furthermore, we have compared the in vitro GSPE effects with those of another proanthocyanidin‐rich extract from cupuassu seeds, though it has compounds with different structures. Cupuassu extract also shows antioxidant effects in both cell types, which suggests different mechanisms from those of GSPE.CONCLUSIONNatural proanthocyanidin‐rich extracts have an antioxidant effect in the GI tract, acting on absorptive cells and enterohormone‐secreting cells, although the effects depend on the dose and period of treatment. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro anti‐inflammatory properties of fermented pepino (Solanum muricatum) milk by γ‐aminobutyric acid‐producing Lactobacillus brevis and an in vivo animal model for evaluating its effects on hypertension
Authors: Chang Vincent Hung‐Shu , Chiu Tsai‐Hsin , Fu Szu‐Chieh 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to determine the in vitro anti‐inflammatory and in vivo antihypertensive effects of fermented pepino (Solanum muricatum) milk by Lactobacillus brevis with the goal of developing functional healthy products. The inflammatory factors of fermented pepino milk with L. brevis were assessed in RAW 264.7 macrophages, including nitric oxide (NO) production. Inflammatory factor genes of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1 and −2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were also assayed by a reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).RESULTSResults showed that fermented PE inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with 150 mg mL−1 fermented PE completely blocking LPS‐induced NO production. The mRNA expressions of COX‐1, COX‐2, and iNOS were attenuated by treatment with higher concentrations of fermented PE (150 mg/ml). Cells treated with fermented pepino extract (PE) (100 ng mL−1) exhibited strikingly decreased LPS‐induced expression of TNF‐α mRNA. During the feeding trial, rats treated with 10% fermented pepino milk (100 µg 2.5 mL−1) and 100% fermented pepino milk (1000 µg 2.5 mL−1) exhibited significant decreases in the systolic blood pressure.CONCLUSIONOur results showed that fermented pepino milk has wide potential applications for development as a health food. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrophysiologic identification and monitoring of the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy
Authors: Kandil Emad , Mohamed Salah Eldin , Deniwar Ahmed , Mohamed Hossam , Friedlander Paul , Aslam Rizwan , Saeed Ahmad , Musa Ibrahim , Randolph Gregory 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to examine the correlation between weight, gender, and race with external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) visualization. Furthermore, we compared normative EBSLN neural‐monitoring values to those of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN).Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingNorth American tertiary academic hospital.Subjects and MethodsA retrospective, institutional review board‐approved review was carried out on patients undergoing thyroid surgery by a single surgeon over 3.5 years. Preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy was done on all patients in accordance with recently published American Academy of Otolaryngology voice optimization at thyroidectomy guidelines, and patients' clinical and operative relevant data were collected.ResultsA total of 447 nerves were at risk in 371 thyroidectomy patients. Of these nerves at risk, 237 (53.02%) were visualized and stimulated. The average amplitude and latency for the EBSLN were significantly lower when compared to the amplitude and the latency of RLN stimulation (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). There was no gender or racial disparity. Out of our study population, the EBSLN was identified in 64.56% in nonobese patients, whereas it was only 40.00% in obese patients (P < 0.001). Additionally, of the 56 patients in whom the EBSLN was visualized on one side and who further underwent bilateral neck exploration, 41 (73%) had visualization of the nerve on the contralateral side as well.ConclusionEBSLN is less likely to be visualized in obese patients; however, there was no gender or racial disparity. Stimulation of EBSLN was felt to be a useful adjunct during superior pole dissection to assure the nerve integrity.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1996–2000, 2015
The “Pathological Gambling and Epidemiology” (PAGE) study program: design and fieldwork
Authors: Meyer Christian , Bischof Anja , Westram Anja , Jeske Christine , de Brito Susanna , Glorius Sonja , Schön Daniela , Porz Sarah , Gürtler Diana , Kastirke Nadin , Hayer Tobias , Jacobi Frank , Lucht Michael , Premper Volker , Gilberg Reiner , Hess Doris , Bischof Gallus , John Ulrich , Rumpf Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe German federal states initiated the “Pathological Gambling and Epidemiology” (PAGE) program to evaluate the public health relevance of pathological gambling. The aim of PAGE was to estimate the prevalence of pathological gambling and cover the heterogenic presentation in the population with respect to comorbid substance use and mental disorders, risk and protective factors, course aspects, treatment utilization, triggering and maintenance factors of remission, and biological markers. This paper describes the methodological details of the study and reports basic prevalence data. Two sampling frames (landline and mobile telephone numbers) were used to generate a random sample from the general population consisting of 15,023 individuals (ages 14 to 64) completing a telephone interview. Additionally, high‐risk populations have been approached in gambling locations, via media announcements, outpatient addiction services, debt counselors, probation assistants, self‐help groups and specialized inpatient treatment facilities. The assessment included two steps: (1) a diagnostic interview comprising the gambling section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) for case finding; (2) an in‐depth clinical interview with participants reporting gambling problems. The in‐depth clinical interview was completed by 594 participants, who were recruited from the general or high‐risk populations. The program provides a rich epidemiological database which is available as a scientific use file. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should I fight or should I flight? How studying insect aggression can help integrated pest management
Authors: Benelli Giovanni 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAggression plays a key role all across the animal kingdom, as it allows the acquisition and/or defence of limited resources (food, mates and territories) in a huge number of species. A large part of our knowledge on aggressive behaviour has been developed on insects of economic importance. How can this knowledge be exploited to enhance integrated pest management? Here, I highlight how knowledge on intraspecific aggression can help IPM both in terms of insect pests (with a focus on the enhancement of the sterile insect technique) and in terms of biological control agents (with a focus on mass‐rearing optimisation). Then, I examine what implications for IPM can be outlined from knowledge about interspecific aggressive behaviour. Besides predator–pest aggressive interactions predicted by classic biological control, I focus on what IPM can learn from (i) interspecific aggression among pest species (with special reference to competitive displacement), (ii) defensive behaviour exhibited by prey against predaceous insects and (iii) conflicts among predaceous arthropods sharing the same trophic niche (with special reference to learning/sensitisation practices and artificial manipulation of chemically mediated interactions). © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Band gap bowing and optical polarization switching in AlGaN alloys
Authors: Coughlan Conor , Schulz Stefan , Caro Miguel A. , O'Reilly Eoin P. 
Published: January 2015

We present a detailed theoretical study of the band gap bowing of wurtzite AlGaN alloys over the full composition range. Our theoretical framework is based on an atomistic tight‐binding model, including local strain and built‐in potential variations due to random alloy fluctuations. We extract a bowing parameter for the band gap of eV, which is in good agreement with experimental data. Our analysis shows that the bowing of the band gap mainly arises from bowing of the conduction band edge; for the composition dependence of the valence band edge energy we find a close to linear behavior. Finally, we investigate the wave function character of the valence band edge as a function of GaN content x. Our analysis reveals an optical polarization switching around , which is in the range of reported experimental data.
SALOON: a platform for selecting and configuring cloud environments
Authors: Quinton Clément , Romero Daniel , Duchien Laurence 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMigrating legacy systems or deploying a new application to a cloud environment has recently become very trendy, because the number of cloud providers available is still increasing. These cloud environments provide a wide range of resources at different levels of functionality, which must be appropriately configured by stakeholders for the application to run properly. Handling this variability during the configuration and deployment stages is known as a complex and error‐prone process, usually made in anad hocmanner. In this paper, we proposeSALOON, asoftware product lines‐based platform to face these issues. We describe the architecture of theSALOONplatform, which relies on feature models combined with a domain model used to select among cloud environments a well‐suited one.SALOONsupports stakeholders while configuring the selected cloud environment in a consistent way and automates the deployment of such configurations through the generation of executable configuration scripts. This paper also reports on some experiments, showing that usingSALOONsignificantly reduces time to configure a cloud environment compared with a manual approach and provides a reliable way to find a correct and suitable configuration. Moreover, our empirical evaluation shows that our approach is effective and scalable to properly deal with a significant number of cloud environments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate change impacts and adaptation in forest management: a review
Authors: Keenan Rodney J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Key message

Adaptation of forest management to climate change requires an understanding of the effects of climate on forests, industries and communities; prediction of how these effects might change over time; and incorporation of this knowledge into management decisions. This requires multiple forms of knowledge and new approaches to forest management decisions. Partnerships that integrate researchers from multiple disciplines with forest managers and local actors can build a shared understanding of future challenges and facilitate improved decision making in the face of climate change.

Context

Climate change presents significant potential risks to forests and challenges for forest managers. Adaptation to climate change involves monitoring and anticipating change and undertaking actions to avoid the negative consequences and to take advantage of potential benefits of those changes.

Aims

This paper aimed to review recent research on climate change impacts and management options for adaptation to climate change and to identify key themes for researchers and for forest managers.

Methods

The study is based on a review of literature on climate change impacts on forests and adaptation options for forest management identified in the Web of Science database, focusing on papers and reports published between 1945 and 2013.

Results

One thousand one hundred seventy-two papers were identified in the search, with the vast majority of papers published from 1986 to 2013. Seventy-six percent of papers involved assessment of climate change impacts or the sensitivity or vulnerability of forests to climate change and 11 % (130) considered adaptation. Important themes from the analysis included (i) predicting species and ecosystem responses to future climate, (ii) adaptation actions in forest management, (iii) new approaches and tools for decision making under uncertainty and stronger partnerships between researchers and practitioners and (iv) policy arrangements for adaptation in forest management.

Conclusions

Research to support adaptation to climate change is still heavily focused on assessing impacts and vulnerability. However, more refined impact assessments are not necessarily leading to better management decisions. Multi-disciplinary research approaches are emerging that integrate traditional forest ecosystem sciences with social, economic and behavioural sciences to improve decision making. Implementing adaptation options is best achieved by building a shared understanding of future challenges among different institutions, agencies, forest owners and stakeholders. Research-policy-practice partnerships that recognise local management needs and indigenous knowledge and integrate these with climate and ecosystem science can facilitate improved decision making.
Tis better to give than receive? How and when gender and residence‐based segments predict choice of donation‐ versus discount‐based promotions
Authors: Winterich Karen Page , Carter Robert E. , Barone Michael J. , Janakiraman Ramkumar , Bezawada Ram 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDonation promotions that tie product purchase to charitable contributions are common in the marketplace. Yet little is known about the sensitivity of different consumer segments to such promotions, particularly relative to traditional discount‐based promotions. To address this void, the authors consider the extent to which consumers in traditional demographic segments based on gender and residence vary in their propensity to choose donation versus discount promotions. An experiment along with a field study using in‐market data show that female and rural consumers exhibit higher choice probabilities for donation promotions than male and urban consumer segments. The experimental results also demonstrate that interdependence, at least in part, underlies the effect of these demographic and geographic segmentation variables on promotion choice. In addition to providing new theoretical insights involving interdependence and promotion choice, these results offer pragmatic guidance for managers targeting donation versus discount promotions to various consumer segments.
Reporting accuracy of population dietary sodium intake using duplicate 24 h dietary recalls and a salt questionnaire
Authors: De Keyzer Willem , Dofková Marcela , Lillegaard Inger Therese L. , De Maeyer Mieke , Andersen Lene Frost , Ruprich Jirí , Řehůřková Irena , Geelen Anouk , van 't Veer Pieter , De Henauw Stefaan , Crispim Sandra Patricia , de Boer Evelien , Ocké Marga , Slimani Nadia , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: January 2015

High dietary Na intake is associated with multiple health risks, making accurate assessment of population dietary Na intake critical. In the present study, reporting accuracy of dietary Na intake was evaluated by 24 h urinary Na excretion using the EPIC-Soft 24 h dietary recall (24-HDR). Participants from a subsample of the European Food Consumption Validation study (n 365; countries: Belgium, Norway and Czech Republic), aged 45–65 years, completed two 24 h urine collections and two 24-HDR. Reporting accuracy was calculated as the ratio of reported Na intake to that estimated from the urinary biomarker. A questionnaire on salt use was completed in order to assess the discretionary use of table and cooking salt. The reporting accuracy of dietary Na intake was assessed using two scenarios: (1) a salt adjustment procedure using data from the salt questionnaire; (2) without salt adjustment. Overall, reporting accuracy improved when data from the salt questionnaire were included. The mean reporting accuracy was 0·67 (95 % CI 0·62, 0·72), 0·73 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·79) and 0·79 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·85) for Belgium, Norway and Czech Republic, respectively. Reporting accuracy decreased with increasing BMI among male subjects in all the three countries. For women from Belgium and Norway, reporting accuracy was highest among those classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2: 0·73, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·81 and 0·81, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·86, respectively). The findings from the present study showed considerable underestimation of dietary Na intake assessed using two 24-HDR. The questionnaire-based salt adjustment procedure improved reporting accuracy by 7–13 %. Further development of both the questionnaire and EPIC-Soft databases (e.g. inclusion of a facet to describe salt content) is necessary to estimate population dietary Na intakes accurately.
Effect of carbonic anhydrase on silicate weathering and carbonate formation at present day CO2 concentrations compared to primordial values
Authors: Xiao Leilei , Lian Bin , Hao Jianchao , Liu Congqiang , Wang Shijie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is widely recognized that carbonic anhydrase (CA) participates in silicate weathering and carbonate formation. Nevertheless, it is still not known if the magnitude of the effect produced by CA on surface rock evolution changes or not. In this work, CA gene expression from Bacillus mucilaginosus and the effects of recombination protein on wollastonite dissolution and carbonate formation under different conditions are explored. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to explore the correlation between CA gene expression and sufficiency or deficiency in calcium and CO2 concentration. The results show that the expression of CA genes is negatively correlated with both CO2 concentration and ease of obtaining soluble calcium. A pure form of the protein of interest (CA) is obtained by cloning, heterologous expression and purification. The results from tests of the recombination protein on wollastonite dissolution and carbonate formation at different levels of CO2 concentration show that the magnitudes of the effects of CA and CO2 concentration are negatively correlated. These results suggest that the effects of microbial CA in relation to silicate weathering and carbonate formation may have increased importance at the modern atmospheric CO2 concentration compared to 3 billion years ago.
Physical and virtual water transfers for regional water stress alleviation in China
Authors: Zhao Xu , Liu Junguo , Liu Qingying , Tillotson Martin R. , Guan Dabo , Hubacek Klaus 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Freshwater resources are unevenly distributed in China. This situation drives a significant amount of water flow both physically and virtually across China. Here, we report on our quantification of China’s physical and virtual water flows and associated water stress at the provincial level. In 2007, interprovincial physical water flows amounted to only a small part of China’s total water supply, but virtual water flows amounted to over one-third of supply. We found that both physical and virtual water flows exacerbated water stress for the main water-exporting provinces. The results highlight the need for more emphasis to be placed on water demand management rather than the current focus on supply-oriented management.
Selective NFAT targeting in T cells ameliorates GvHD while maintaining antitumor activity
Authors: Vaeth Martin , Bäuerlein Carina A. , Pusch Tobias , Findeis Janina , Chopra Martin , Mottok Anja , Rosenwald Andreas , Beilhack Andreas , Berberich-Siebelt Friederike 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Patients suffering from hematologic malignancies might have no alternative to eliminating their morbid immune system. Although lethal irradiation or chemotherapy largely eradicates tumor cells, it also destroys the hematopoietic system, which necessitates transplantation of bone marrow stem cells from a healthy donor. T cells within the graft attack remaining tumor cells. This graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect is highly appreciated, because it prevents tumor relapses. Coevally, however, T cells attack nonmalignant tissue of the host with life-threating consequences called graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). We found that absence of the transcription factors NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) in T cells prevents harmful GvHD, but preserves the valuable GvL. Therefore, instead of broad immune suppression, we propose to target NFAT specifically during allogenic stem cell transplantation.