bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare coding mutations identified by sequencing of Alzheimer disease genome‐wide association studies loci
Authors: Vardarajan Badri N. , Ghani Mahdi , Kahn Amanda , Sheikh Stephanie , Sato Christine , Barral Sandra , Lee Joseph H. , Cheng Rong , Reitz Christiane , Lantigua Rafael , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Medrano Martin , Jimenez‐Velazquez Ivonne Z. , Rogaeva Ekaterina , St George‐Hyslop Peter , Mayeux Richard 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo detect rare coding variants underlying loci detected by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of late onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD).MethodsWe conducted targeted sequencing of ABCA7, BIN1, CD2AP, CLU, CR1, EPHA1, MS4A4A/MS4A6A, and PICALM in 3 independent LOAD cohorts: 176 patients from 124 Caribbean Hispanics families, 120 patients and 33 unaffected individuals from the 129 National Institute on Aging LOAD Family Study; and 263 unrelated Canadian individuals of European ancestry (210 sporadic patients and 53 controls). Rare coding variants found in at least 2 data sets were genotyped in independent groups of ancestry‐matched controls. Additionally, the Exome Aggregation Consortium was used as a reference data set for population‐based allele frequencies.ResultsOverall we detected a statistically significant 3.1‐fold enrichment of the nonsynonymous mutations in the Caucasian LOAD cases compared with controls (p = 0.002) and no difference in synonymous variants. A stop‐gain mutation in ABCA7 (E1679X) and missense mutation in CD2AP (K633R) were highly significant in Caucasian LOAD cases, and mutations in EPHA1 (P460L) and BIN1 (K358R) were significant in Caribbean Hispanic families with LOAD. The EPHA1 variant segregated completely in an extended Caribbean Hispanic family and was also nominally significant in the Caucasians. Additionally, BIN1 (K358R) segregated in 2 of the 6 Caribbean Hispanic families where the mutations were discovered.InterpretationTargeted sequencing of confirmed GWAS loci revealed an excess burden of deleterious coding mutations in LOAD, with the greatest burden observed in ABCA7 and BIN1. Identifying coding variants in LOAD will facilitate the creation of tractable models for investigation of disease‐related mechanisms and potential therapies. Ann Neurol 2015;78:487–498
Regio‐ und stereoselektive Modifizierung chiraler α‐Aminoketone durch Palladium‐katalysierte allylische Alkylierung
Authors: Huwig Kai , Schultz Katharina , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChirale α‐Aminoketone sind hervorragende Nukleophile für hoch stereoselektive Palladium‐katalysierte allylische Alkylierungen, sowohl mit chiralen als auch achiralen Allylsubstraten, wobei die Steuerung über das chirale Ketonenolat überwiegt. Die erhaltenen substituierten Aminoketone lassen sich anschließend stereoselektiv reduzieren, wobei bis zu fünf benachbarte Stereozentren erhalten werden können. Dies ermöglicht auch den Aufbau eines hoch substituierten Piperidinderivates.
Stereochemical Communication within a Chiral Ion Pair Catalyst
Authors: Merten Christian , Pollok Corina H. , Liao Saihu , List Benjamin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIonic interactions are increasingly appreciated as a key, asymmetry‐inducing factor in enantioselective catalytic transformations, including those involving Brønsted acid or base catalysis, phase‐transfer catalysis, and related processes. However, a detailed understanding of these interactions is often lacking. Herein, we show how an enantiopure anion enforces a chiral conformation onto a catalytically relevant achiral cation. Specifically, we use vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy to monitor the transmission of stereochemical information from a chiral phosphate anion to a flexible manganese(III)–salen cation. We show that VCD can be used to study solvent effects and that the obtained chiroptical data directly and quantitatively correlate with the experimentally observed enantioselectivity in an asymmetric olefin epoxidation reaction.
Photonic Crystals with a Reversibly Inducible and Erasable Defect State Using External Stimuli
Authors: Chen Mao , Zhang Yapeng , Jia Siyu , Zhou Lin , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe controlled introduction of artificial extrinsic defects is critical to achieve the functions of photonic crystals. Smart defects capable of responding to external stimuli lead to more advanced applications. Here we report a microgel colloidal crystal with a defect state which could be induced and erased reversibly by external stimuli. The crystal was assembled from PNIPAM microgel and P(NIPAM‐AAc) microgel of the same size. The resulting doped crystal does not exhibit a defect state in its stop band because of the similar optical properties of the dopant and the host. By increasing the pH value, however, the dopant P(NIPAM‐AAc) spheres swell to a larger size and turn into real defects in the crystal, resulting in the appearance of defect state. Adjusting the pH value back restores the size of the dopant spheres, and thus erases the defect state. Temperature, a second external stimulus, could also be used to induce and erase defect states of the crystal.
Synthesis and characterization of hydroxy‐terminated polyether‐polydimethylsiloxane‐polyether (PE‐PDMS‐PE) triblock oligomers and their use in the preparation of thermoplastic polyurethanes
Authors: Dai Zeliang , Yang Kai , Dong Qingzhi 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA series of hydroxy‐terminated polyether‐polydimethylsiloxane‐polyether (α,ω‐dihydroxy‐(PE‐PDMS‐PE)) ABA triblock oligomers were synthesized from silanic fluids and methyl polyallyloxide polyethers. The reaction was a one‐step solventless hydrosilylation reaction with chloroplatinic acid (CPA) catalyst in the presence of heat. These ABA oligomers were characterized via 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, FT‐IR, and GPC to demonstrate that they exhibit a 100% linear ABA structure with a siloxane SiO chain in the center and polyether ethylene oxide (EO)/propylene oxide (PO) chains on the two sides terminated by hydroxy groups. The triblock oligomers were used to form thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) using two‐step solventless bulk polymerization. The investigation of triblock oligomers impact on TPUs mechanical properties, thermal performance, surface water repellency, and morphology performance were analyzed by Instron material tester, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angles (WCA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). DSC and TGA indicated that PE‐PDMS‐PE modified TPUs had a clear lower Tg under −120°C and the temperature of 50% weight loss was improved from 280 to 340°C. PE‐PDMS‐PE–modified TPU did not have the marked reduction on mechanical properties than pure polyether produced TPU. Tensile strength was maintained at 13 MPa and elongation was maintained at 300%. SEM and TEM were used to investigate the copolymers’ morphology performance and found that all PO PE‐PDMS‐PE had a pseudo‐three phase separation. WCA analysis confirmed that PE‐PDMS‐PE–modified TPU had significantly improved hydrophobic performance because the silicone structure linked into TPU copolymers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42521.
Polymorphism and spherulite morphology of poly(1,4‐butylene adipate)/organically‐modified layered double hydroxide nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Yi‐An , Hang Yi‐Tong , Wu Tzong‐Ming 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA novel biodegradable poly(1,4‐butylene adipate)/organically‐modified layered double hydroxide (PBA/m‐LDH) nanocomposites are synthesized using the solution mixing process. The m‐LDH is originally prepared with magnesium nitrate hexahydrote (Mg(NO3)2 6H2O), aluminum nitrate‐9‐hydrate (Al(NO3)3 9H2O), oleic acid, and sorbitol by a novel one‐step co‐precipitation method to intercalate the organo‐modifier of oleic acid and sorbitol into the interlayer of LDH. The structure and morphology of the PBA/m‐LDH nanocomposites are characterized using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that the m‐LDH is exfoliated and well distributed in PBA matrix. The effect of m‐LDH on the polymorphic crystal and morphology of PBA at various crystallization temperatures (Tcs) would be investigated using WAXD and POM. Both data indicate that the addition of m‐LDH can change the starting formation temperature of α‐form crystals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42526.
Neural network modeling of the preparation process of a siloxane‐organic polyazomethine
Authors: Macsim Ioan Florin , Dragoi Elena Niculina , Cazacu Maria , Curteanu Silvia 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough apparently simple, the polycondensation reaction leading to polyazomethine is difficult to control because of its equilibrium character, the conversion degree being influenced by a series of parameters. The reaction between a siloxanediamine, 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, and terephthalaldehyde was performed here in solution (in tetrahydrofuran) without by‐products removal and in absence of any catalyst or pH modifier. Different conditions (co‐monomers ratio, dilution, and temperature), considered as input parameters for the process modeling, were varied according to a pre‐established experimental program. The viscosity of the reaction mixture was chosen as output parameter, being monitored with a Haake Viscotester 7 Plus‐L. The process modeling was performed using a hybrid combination of artificial neural networks and differential evolution algorithm, the last one having the role of developing the neural model in an optimal form. The simulation results showed that the methodology provides accurate results, the model predictions being in close correlation with the experimental data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42552.
STD‐NMR‐Based Protein Engineering of the Unique Arylpropionate‐Racemase AMDase G74C
Authors: Gaßmeyer Sarah Katharina , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki , Enoki Junichi , Hülsemann Nadine , Stoll Raphael , Miyamoto Kenji , Kourist Robert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStructure‐guided protein engineering achieved a variant of the unique racemase AMDase G74C, with 40‐fold increased activity in the racemisation of several arylaliphatic carboxylic acids. Substrate binding during catalysis was investigated by saturation‐transfer‐difference NMR (STD‐NMR) spectroscopy. All atoms of the substrate showed interactions with the enzyme. STD‐NMR measurements revealed distinct nuclear Overhauser effects in experiments with and without molecular conversion. The spectroscopic analysis led to the identification of several amino acid residues whose substitutions increased the activity of G74C. Single amino acid exchanges increased the activity moderately; structure‐guided saturation mutagenesis yielded a quadruple mutant with a 40 times higher reaction rate. This study presents STD‐NMR as versatile tool for the analysis of enzyme–substrate interactions in catalytically competent systems and for the guidance of protein engineering.
Length of stay and long‐term mortality following ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Agarwal Shikhar , Parashar Akhil , Garg Aatish , Ellis Stephen G. , Tuzcu E. Murat , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundOver the last few decades, there has been a significant reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS) among patients undergoing percutaneous intervention (PCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Although studies have looked at predictors of long hospital stay after STEMI, the impact of LOS on long‐term outcomes after PCI remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between LOS at the time of index hospitalization for PCI and long‐term mortality among patients presenting with STEMI.MethodsWe examined all patients undergoing PCI for STEMI at the Cleveland Clinic Catheterization Laboratory between 2002 and 2011. Long‐term all‐cause mortality was assessed using the Social Security Death Index and electronic medical record review. LOS was extracted from the discharge summary of the index hospitalization.ResultsA total of 1,963 patients were included in the study. Of these 1,963 patients undergoing PCI for STEMI, 126 (6.4%) died during the index hospitalization. Among survivors of this hospitalization, we observed a significant increase in long‐term mortality with an increase in LOS during index hospitalization (P < 0.001). Adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics yielded statistically significant increased mortality among patients with LOS of 6–10 days [HR (95% CI): 2.2 (1.3–3.5)] and LOS > 10 days [HR (95% CI): 2.6 (1.6–4.3)], in comparison with patients with LOS of 1–2 days.ConclusionsLong hospital stay after PCI among patients with STEMI was associated with an increased long‐term mortality. A long hospital stay may be used as a marker to identify patients at higher risk for long‐term mortality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transfemoral approach with systematic use of FemoSeal™ closure device compared to transradial approach in primary angioplasty
Authors: Alonzo Alessandro , Rigattieri Stefano , Giovannelli Francesca , Di Russo Cristian , Sciahbasi Alessandro , Berni Andrea , Volpe Massimo 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) bleedings in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) performed through transradial approach (TRA) or transfemoral approach (TFA) with systematic closure by FemoSeal™.BackgroundAlthough the risk of bleeding can be reduced using vascular closure devices (VCD), there are few data comparing TRA and TFA with VCD, particularly in the setting of pPCI.Methodswe included in this retrospective registry 777 patients who underwent pPCI at two centers from years 2010 to 2013. Exclusion criteria were implantation of intra‐aortic balloon pump and achievement of femoral hemostasis by other means than FemoSeal™. We performed propensity‐score matching and multivariate analysis to adjust for clinical and procedural confounders.ResultsWe enrolled 511 patients in TRA group and 266 in TFA group. Both in the general population and in the propensity‐matched population, the incidence of MACCE was comparable in TRA vs. TFA patients (3.5 vs. 3.4% and 4.4 vs. 2.6%, respectively; P = ns). On the contrary, we observed a higher incidence of TIMI bleedings in TFA vs. TRA patients (5.6 vs. 2.2% in the general population and 6.6 vs. 1.3% in the propensity‐matched population; P < 0.05); this difference was mainly driven by TIMI major bleedings. TFA was an independent predictor of bleeding at multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn pPCI the rate of TIMI major bleedings was higher in TFA with closure by FemoSeal™ as compared to TRA, whereas the rates of minor bleedings and of MACCE were similar. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of a γ‐Fe2O3/Ag Nanowire Coaxial Nanocable for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Geng Hongbo , Ge Danhua , Lu Shuanglong , Wang Jiaqing , Ye Zhengmao , Yang Yonggang , Zheng Junwei , Gu Hongwei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, we report the design and synthesis of a silver nanowire‐γ‐Fe2O3 coaxial nanocable architecture (Ag NWs@γ‐Fe2O3 nanocable) through mild oxidation of [Fe(CO)5] on the surface of silver nanowires followed by a calcination process. After optimization of the structural design, the Ag NWs@γ‐Fe2O3 nanocable could deliver superior lithium storage performance in terms of high reversible capacity, good rate performance, and excellent stability, such as a high reversible capacity of about 890 mA h g−1 after 60 cycles at a current rate of 0.1 C (1.0 C=1005 mA g−1). The reversible capacity remains as high as about 550 mA h g−1 even at a high current rate of 2.0 C. This dramatic performance is mainly attributed to the smart coaxial design, which can not only alleviate the large volume change and prevent the aggregation of γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles, but also enables good conductivity and thus enhances fast charge transfer. The unique structural features of the Ag NWs@γ‐Fe2O3 nanocable represent a promising anode material in lithium‐ion battery applications.
Total Synthesis and Structural Reassignment of Lyngbyaloside C Highlighted by Intermolecular Ketene Esterification
Authors: Chang Chia‐Fu , Stefan Eric , Taylor Richard E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLyngbyaloside C, a classic macrolide, isolated from Lyngbya bouilloni, has shown moderate anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines. Here, we report the first total synthesis and stereochemical configuration reassignment of lyngbyaloside C. The synthesis highlights a one‐pot intermolecular ketene esterification reaction to form the crucial tertiary ester and tetrahydropyran. In addition, a novel and concise synthetic pathway towards the 1,3‐syn secondary, tertiary diol fragment is described using a regio‐ and stereospecific electrophilic ether transfer reaction.
Entrer sur un marché dominé par une plateforme : Vertu d'une stratégie ouverte sur le marché du calcul numérique
Authors: Blondel Frédérique , Edouard Serge 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStrategic and industrial analysis reveals that it is extremely hard for a new entrant to break into a market dominated by an existing platform. In fact, direct or indirect network effects give the established company's platform a considerable competitive edge. This is true of the numerical computation market and the Matlab + Simulik platform by MathWorks. The case study of Scilab Enterprises helps identify conditions of viability for breaking into such a market. We find that alone, the platform strategy is doomed to fail, but accompanied by an open strategy, entering a platform market becomes possible. We hypothesize that a platform strategy is successful when associated with an open innovation process (integration of the open source community) supported by a business ecosystem (a huge community made up of developers, users, and allies). Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of CGRP receptor components and receptor binding sites in rhesus monkey brainstem: A detailed study using in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and autoradiography
Authors: Eftekhari Sajedeh , Gaspar Renee C. , Roberts Rhonda , Chen Tsing‐Bau , Zeng Zhizhen , Villarreal Stephanie , Edvinsson Lars , Salvatore Christopher A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTFunctional imaging studies have revealed that certain brainstem areas are activated during migraine attacks. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is associated with activation of the trigeminovascular system and transmission of nociceptive information and plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology. Therefore, to elucidate the role of CGRP, it is critical to identify the regions within the brainstem that process CGRP signaling. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence were performed to detect mRNA expression and define cellular localization of calcitonin receptor–like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity–modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), respectively. To define CGRP receptor binding sites, in vitro autoradiography was performed with [3H]MK‐3207 (a CGRP receptor antagonist). CLR and RAMP1 mRNA and protein expression were detected in the pineal gland, medial mammillary nucleus, median eminence, infundibular stem, periaqueductal gray, area postrema, pontine raphe nucleus, gracile nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and spinal cord. RAMP1 mRNA expression was also detected in the posterior hypothalamic area, trochlear nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, medial lemniscus, pontine nuclei, vagus nerve, inferior olive, abducens nucleus, and motor trigeminal nucleus; protein coexpression of CLR and RAMP1 was observed in these areas via immunofluorescence. [3H]MK‐3207 showed high binding densities concordant with mRNA and protein expression. The present study suggests that several regions in the brainstem may be involved in CGRP signaling. Interestingly, we found receptor expression and antagonist binding in some areas that are not protected by the blood–brain barrier, which suggests that drugs inhibiting CGRP signaling may not be able to penetrate the central nervous system to antagonize receptors in these brain regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:90–118, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of histaminergic neurons and their modulatory effects on oscillatory activity in the olfactory center of the terrestrial slug Limax
Authors: Matsuo Ryota , Fukata Rena , Kumagai Moeko , Kobayashi Asuka , Kobayashi Suguru , Matsuo Yuko 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTerrestrial mollusks can form an odor aversion memory following the simultaneous presentation of a food odor and an aversive stimulus. The local field potential oscillation recorded on the surface of the procerebrum (PC; the higher olfactory center) exhibits a frequency change in response to the detection of a learned odor; such a change is thus considered to reflect the internal state of the brain during memory recall. Thus far, dopamine and serotonin have been demonstrated to change the oscillatory frequency. Other monoamines, however, have not yet been studied. In the present study, we investigated the possible involvement of histamine (HA). Immunohistochemical staining of HA and in situ hybridization against histidine decarboxylase revealed the location of the cell bodies of HAergic neurons in all ganglia of the brain. The majority of them were located at the medial aspect of the pedal ganglia, and the cerebral ganglia also contained numerous HAergic neurons in their posterior regions. The neuropil layers of the PC received HAergic innervation from the neurons in the cerebral ganglion, as well as from a few neurons located in the dorsomedial part of the cell mass layer of the PC. The HAergic fibers, however, innervated spatially limited regions of the PC, and seemed to affect a small fraction of the PC neurons. HA exerted accelerating effects on the LFP oscillation in a dose‐dependent manner, and this effect was suppressed by an H2 blocker, cimetidine. Our results support the involvement of HA in the functioning of the PC. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:119–135, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of neuromuscular organization in the ctenophore Pleurobrachia bachei
Authors: Norekian Tigran P. , Moroz Leonid L. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe phylogenetic position of the phylum Ctenophora and the nature of ctenphore nervous systems are highly debated topics in modern evolutionary biology. However, very little is known about the organization of ctenophore neural and muscular systems, and virtually nothing has been reported about their embryogenesis. Here we have characterized the neural and muscular development of the sea gooseberry, Pleurobrachia bachei, starting from the cleavage stages to posthatching larvae. Scanning electron microscopy and immunochemistry were used to describe the formation of the embryonic mouth, tentacles, combs, aboral organ, and putative sensory cells. The muscles started their specification at the end of the first day of Pleurobrachia development. In contrast, neurons appeared 2 days after myogenesis, just before the hatching of fully formed cydippid larvae. The first tubulin‐immunoreactive neurons, a small group of four to six cells with neuronal processes, was initially recognized at the aboral pole during the third day of development. Surprisingly, this observed neurogenesis occurred after the emergence of distinct behavioral patterns in the embryos. Thus, the embryonic behavior associated with comb cilia beatings and initial muscle organization does not require morphologically defined neurons and their elongated neurites. This study provides the first description of neuromuscular development in the enigmatic ctenophores and establishes the foundation for future research using emerging genomic tools and resources. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:136–151, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.