bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Treatment of the Sportsman's groin’: British Hernia Society's 2014 position statement based on the Manchester Consensus Conference
Authors: Sheen Aali J , Stephenson B M , Lloyd D M , Robinson P , Fevre D , Paajanen H , de Beaux A , Kingsnorth A , Gilmore O J , Bennett D , Maclennan I , O'Dwyer P , Sanders D , Kurzer M 
Published: October 2013

IntroductionThe aim was to produce a multidisciplinary consensus to determine the current position on the nomenclature, definition, diagnosis, imaging modalities and management of Sportsman's groin (SG).MethodsExperts in the diagnosis and management of SG were invited to participate in a consensus conference held by the British Hernia Society in Manchester, UK on 11–12 October 2012. Experts included a physiotherapist, a musculoskeletal radiologist and surgeons with a proven track record of expertise in this field. Presentations detailing scientific as well as outcome data from their own experiences were given. Records were made of the presentations with specific areas debated openly.ResultsThe term ‘inguinal disruption’ (ID) was agreed as the preferred nomenclature with the term ‘Sportsman's hernia’ or ‘groin’ rejected, as no true hernia exists. There was an overwhelming agreement of opinion that there was abnormal tension in the groin, particularly around the inguinal ligament attachment. Other common findings included the possibility of external oblique disruption with consequent small tears noted as well as some oedema of the tissues. A multidisciplinary approach with tailored physiotherapy as the initial treatment was recommended with any surgery involving releasing the tension in the inguinal canal by various techniques and reinforcing it with a mesh or suture repair. A national registry should be developed for all athletes undergoing surgery.ConclusionsID is a common condition where no true hernia exists. It should be managed through a multidisciplinary approach to ensure consistent standards and outcomes are achieved.
Chapter 3 Characteristics and morphological evolution of the Aeolian volcanoes from the study of submarine portions
Authors: Romagnoli Claudia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The seven Aeolian Islands exist in much greater volumes below sea level than above sea level; study of the submarine portions is therefore fundamental for a better understanding of the development of volcanism in the area, tectonic control from the regional structural setting and the morphological evolution of volcanic edifices. The interplay between destructive processes (marine erosion, mass-wasting and flank instability) and constructive processes in the growth and evolution of the Aeolian volcanoes is discussed based on a study of their present-day morphology. In particular, the distribution and characteristics of insular shelves in the shallow-water sectors of volcanic edifices are compared and discussed, considering that variable geological/local factors combined with sea-level fluctuations controlled the development and morphology of these features. It is proposed that submerged shelves may furnish relative chronological constraints for the development of the Aeolian volcanoes, enhancing present knowledge which is mostly based on subaerial portions.
Combined Targeting of PDK1 and EGFR Triggers Regression of Glioblastoma by Reversing the Warburg Effect
Authors: Velpula Kiran Kumar , Bhasin Arnima , Asuthkar Swapna , Tsung Andrew J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Overexpression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) is recognized as a widespread oncogenic signature in glioblastoma multiforme, but the complexity of its contributions is not fully understood, nor the most effective ways to leverage anti-EGFR therapy in this setting. Hypoxia is known to drive the aggressive character of glioblastoma multiforme by promoting aerobic glycolysis rather than pyruvate oxidation carried out in mitochondria (OXPHOS), a phenomenon termed the Warburg effect, which is a general feature of oncogenesis. In this study, we report that hypoxia drives expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1) and EGFR along with the hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF)-1α in human glioblastoma multiforme cells. PDK1 is a HIF-1–regulated gene and our findings indicated that hypoxia-induced PDK1 expression may promote EGFR activation, initiating a feed-forward loop that can sustain malignant progression. RNAi-mediated attenuation of PDK1 and EGFR lowered PDK1-EGFR activation and decreased HIF-1α expression, shifting the Warburg phenotype to OXPHOS and inhibiting glioblastoma multiforme growth and proliferation. In clinical specimens of glioblastoma multiforme, we found that immunohistochemical expression of PDK1, EGFR, and HIF-1α were elevated in glioblastoma multiforme specimens when compared with normal brain tissues. Collectively, our studies establish PDK1 as a key driver and candidate therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Res; 73(24); 7277–89. ©2013 AACR.
Neurological Injury After Neonatal Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Algra Selma O. , Jansen Nicolaas J.G. , van der Tweel Ingeborg , Schouten Antonius N.J. , Groenendaal Floris , Toet Mona , van Oeveren Wim , van Haastert Ingrid C. , Schoof Paul H. , de Vries Linda S. , Haas Felix 
Published: October 2013

Background—
Complex neonatal cardiac surgery is associated with cerebral injury. In particular, aortic arch repair, requiring either deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) or antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP), entails a high risk of perioperative injury. It is unknown whether ACP results in less cerebral injury than DHCA.

Methods and Results—

Thirty-seven neonates with an aortic arch obstruction presenting for univentricular or biventricular repair were randomized to either DHCA or ACP. Preoperatively and 1 week after surgery, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 36 patients (1 patient died during the hospital stay). The presence of new postoperative cerebral injury was scored, and results were entered into a sequential analysis, which allows for immediate data analysis. After the 36th patient, it was clear that there was no difference between DHCA and ACP in terms of new cerebral injury. Preoperatively, 50% of patients had evidence of cerebral injury. Postoperatively, 14 of 18 DHCA patients (78%) had new injury versus 13 of 18 ACP patients (72%) (
P
=0.66). White matter injury was the most common type of injury in both groups, but central infarctions occurred exclusively after ACP (0 vs 6/18 [33%];
P
=0.02). Early motor and cognitive outcomes at 24 months were assessed and were similar between groups (
P
=0.28 and
P
=0.25, respectively). Additional analysis revealed lower postoperative arterial P
co
2
as a risk factor for new white matter injury (
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—
In this group of neonates undergoing complex cardiac surgery, we were unable to demonstrate a difference in the incidence of perioperative cerebral injury after ACP compared with DHCA. Both techniques resulted in a high incidence of new white matter injury, with central infarctions occurring exclusively after ACP.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01032876.
Very Low Quality of Life After Acute Stroke
Authors: Sprigg Nikola , Selby James , Fox Lydia , Berge Eivind , Whynes David , Bath Philip M.W. 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
Health-related quality of life, a key outcome after stroke, plays a role in the analysis of treatment cost-effectiveness. Some measures of health-related quality of life allow for a quality of life worse than death; the characteristics of such patients have not been well described.

Methods—
Data from the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial were used to explore health-related quality of life after stroke. The EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D) was performed at day 90, and a health utility score (HUS) was calculated. HUS was defined as follows: poor-good HUS >0, death HUS=0, and very poor HUS <0. The characteristics and outcomes of patients with HUS <0 were then explored.

Results—

Of the 2569 patients, 303 (11.8%) died, and of the 2238 with quality of life data available, of whom 724 (32.3%) were completed by a proxy, 1959 (87.5%) had an HUS >0 and 279 (12.5%) had an HUS <0. Patients with HUS <0 were more likely to be older, women, have severe stroke, have proxy responders, and be institutionalized. Dominant hemisphere strokes were more likely to have proxy responders but not HUS <0. HUS was strongly correlated with dependency (modified Rankin Scale,
r
=−0.78) and disability (Barthel index,
r
=0.84) and moderately correlated with mood (Zung depression score,
r
=−0.59) and baseline severity (
r
=0.51). All but 1 patient with modified Rankin Scale of 5 had an HUS <0.

Conclusions—
Very low health-related quality of life is relatively common after stroke, particularly in patients with mobility problems or who are dependent on help for usual activities, and is related to poor functional outcome measures.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com/
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN99414122.
Dorsolateral pFC and the Representation of the Incorrect Use of an Object: The Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effect on N400 for Visual and Linguistic Stimuli
Authors: Balconi Michela , Vitaloni Silvia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this study, we explored the representation of an incongruent action (instrumentally incorrect use of an object) in comparison with sentences ending with an incongruent action word, taking into account the role of the activation of the left dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC). This activity was appositely modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The effect of tDCS when participants processed congruent/incongruent object-related actions (Experiment 1) or sentences (Experiment 2) was verified by measuring changes in the ERP N400, error rates (ERs), and RTs. In Experiment 1, 30 participants performed the detection task within a dynamic context (video tapes representing a sequence of four action frames). In Experiment 2, 28 participants read sentences that represented object-related actions. The stimulation effect (a cathode applied to the DLPFC and an anode to the right supraorbital region) was analyzed by comparing the ER, RT, and ERP profiles before and after stimulation (or sham treatment). A significant reduction of the N400 was observed for incongruent stimuli in the case of cathodal (inhibitory) stimulation of the DLPFC in comparison with prestimulation conditions for Experiment 1, but not Experiment 2. Moreover, ERs were increased, and RTs were reduced in response to incongruent conditions after tDCS, but not after sham stimulation in Experiment 1. It is suggested that perturbation of the DLPFC may limit the ability to analyze a semantically anomalous action sequence as a reduced N400 ERP effect and increased random responses was observed. Finally, the contribution of the frontal area to the semantic processing of actions is discussed.
Comprehensive analysis of expressed sequence tags from cultivated and wild radish (Raphanus spp.)
Authors: Shen Di , Sun Honghe , Huang Mingyun , Zheng Yi , Qiu Yang , Li Xixiang , Fei Zhangjun 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Radish (Raphanus sativus L., 2n = 2× = 18) is an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. A large collection of radish expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has been generated but remains largely uncharacterized.

Results
In this study, approximately 315,000 ESTs derived from 22 Raphanus cDNA libraries from 18 different genotypes were analyzed, for the purpose of gene and marker discovery and to evaluate large-scale genome duplication and phylogenetic relationships among Raphanus spp. The ESTs were assembled into 85,083 unigenes, of which 90%, 65%, 89% and 89% had homologous sequences in the GenBank nr, SwissProt, TrEMBL and Arabidopsis protein databases, respectively. A total of 66,194 (78%) could be assigned at least one gene ontology (GO) term. Comparative analysis identified 5,595 gene families unique to radish that were significantly enriched with genes related to small molecule metabolism, as well as 12,899 specific to the Brassicaceae that were enriched with genes related to seed oil body biogenesis and responses to phytohormones. The analysis further indicated that the divergence of radish and Brassica rapa occurred approximately 8.9-14.9 million years ago (MYA), following a whole-genome duplication event (12.8-21.4 MYA) in their common ancestor. An additional whole-genome duplication event in radish occurred at 5.1-8.4 MYA, after its divergence from B. rapa. A total of 13,570 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 28,758 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified. Using a subset of SNPs, the phylogenetic relationships of eight different accessions of Raphanus was inferred.

Conclusion
Comprehensive analysis of radish ESTs provided new insights into radish genome evolution and the phylogenetic relationships of different radish accessions. Moreover, the radish EST sequences and the associated SSR and SNP markers described in this study represent a valuable resource for radish functional genomics studies and breeding.
Association between erythrocyte parameters and metabolic syndrome in urban Han Chinese: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Wu Shuo , Lin Haiyan , Zhang Chengqi , Zhang Qian , Zhang Dongzhi , Zhang Yongyuan , Meng Wenjia , Zhu Zhenxin , Tang Fang , Xue Fuzhong , Liu Yanxun 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Although various cross-sectional studies have shown that erythrocyte parameters, including red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT), were linked with metabolic syndrome (MetS), few longitudinal studies have been used to confirm their relationship. The study, therefore, constructed a large-scale longitudinal cohort in urban Chinese population to highlight and confirm the association between erythrocyte parameters and MetS/its components.

Methods
A longitudinal cohort with 6,453 participants was established based on the routine health check-up systems to follow up MetS, and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to detect the association between erythrocyte parameters and MetS/its components (obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension).

Results
287 MetS occurred over the four-year follow-up, leading to a total incidence density of 14.19 per 1,000 person-years (287/20218 person-years). Both RBC and Hb were strongly associated with MetS (RR/95% CI, P value; 3.016/1.525-5.967, 0.002 for RBC; 3.008/1.481-6.109, 0.002 for Hb), with their dose–response trends detected. All three erythrocyte parameters (RBC, Hb and HCT) were found to be associated with obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia with similar dose–response trends respectively, while only Hb showed a significant association with hyperglycemia.

Conclusions
Elevated erythrocyte parameters were confirmed to be associated with MetS/its components in urban Chinese population, suggesting that erythrocyte parameters might be served as a potential predictor for risk of MetS.
Acute oral intake of a higenamine-based dietary supplement increases circulating free fatty acids and energy expenditure in human subjects
Authors: Lee Sang-Rok , Schriefer JohnHenry M , Gunnels Trint A , Harvey Innocence C , Bloomer Richard J 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Higenamine, also known as norcoclaurine, is an herbal constituent thought to act as a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist—possibly stimulating lipolysis. It was the purpose of this study to determine the impact of a higenamine-based dietary supplement on plasma free fatty acids and energy expenditure following acute oral ingestion.

Methods
Sixteen healthy subjects (8 men; 26.1 ± 2.5 yrs; 8 women 22.4 ± 3.1 yrs) ingested a dietary supplement containing a combination of higenamine, caffeine (270 mg), and yohimbe bark extract or a placebo, on two separate occasions in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design, separated by 6–8 days. Blood samples were collected immediately before ingestion, and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes post ingestion, and analyzed for plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol. Breath samples were collected at the same times for a measure of kilocalorie expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) using indirect calorimetry. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at all times. Data collection occurred in the morning following a 10 hour overnight fast.

Results
A condition effect was noted for both FFA (p < 0.0001) and kilocalorie expenditure (p = 0.001), with values higher for supplement compared to placebo at 60, 120, and 180 minutes post ingestion. No statistically significant effects were noted for glycerol or RER (p > 0.05). A condition effect was noted for heart rate (p = 0.03) and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001), with values higher for supplement compared to placebo.

Conclusion
Ingestion of a higenamine-based dietary supplement stimulates lipolysis and energy expenditure, as evidenced by a significant increase in circulating FFA and kilocalorie expenditure. The same supplement results in a moderate increase in heart rate (~3 bpm) and systolic blood pressure (~12 mmHg), which is consistent with previous studies evaluating moderate doses of caffeine and yohimbine, suggesting that higenamine contributes little to the increase in these hemodynamic variables. These findings are in reference to young, healthy and active men and women.
Short-term health service utilization after a paediatric injury: a population-based study
Authors: Baldi Ileana , Avossa Francesco , Fedeli Ugo , Foltran Francesca , Gregori Dario 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study is to identify which types of injuries are responsible for a major component of the health burden in a population-based children cohort in North-Eastern Italy.

Methods
All children (1–13 years) residing in Veneto region, who were hospitalized in 2008 with a International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for injury in the first diagnostic field were considered. The outcome was defined as the difference in hospital use in the 12 months following the injury and it was compared to the year preceding the injury occurrence. We computed hospitalization rates by gender, age class and injury type.

Results
Hospitalization rates for injury are highest in males, especially among school-aged children. Rates for intracranial injury exhibit a more pronounced decline with age in females, whereas a more marked rise in upper limb fracture rates among school-aged males is observed. Overall, 3 days of hospital stay per child are attributable to injury. Burns, skull fracture and a high injury severity are associated with a greater number of additional inpatient days.

Conclusions
The impact of specific injury types on health services utilization varies with gender, age and severity. These observed patterns contribute to build a clearer picture of this leading global public health problem and deserve more attention in planning preventive strategies and resource allocation.
Rapid regeneration and ploidy stability of ‘cv IR36’ indica rice (Oryza Sativa. L) confers efficient protocol for in vitro callus organogenesis and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation
Authors: Krishnan Subramanian Radhesh , Priya Arumugam Mohana , Ramesh Manikandan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Cereal crops are the major targets for transformation mediated crop improvement and IR36 is an early maturing, high yielding, insect and disease resistant rice variety however, it is abiotic stress sensitive. Hence, development of an efficient and reproducible micropropagation system via somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation is prerequisite to develop abiotic stress tolerant IR36. Further, Genetic stability of analysis of plantlets through RAPD and ISSR and Ploidy level through Flow cytometry (FCM) measurement of 2C DNA content is necessary for future application of transformed IR36.

Results
In this study, Mature seeds inoculated on (Murashige and Skoog) MS medium with 11.31 μM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.3 μM Kinetin (Kn) had highest callus induction frequency (98%). The highest regeneration frequency (80%) was observed in MS + 13.28 μM Benzyladenine (BA) with 8.06 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Flow Cytometry (FCM) analysis showed no significant variation in the 2C DNA (0.81 pg/2C) content and Ploidy level between wild type IR36 and in vitro maintained rice lines. Of the various OD bacterial culture, an optimum OD of 0.4 and inoculation duration of 10 min resulted in efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. β-glucuronidase activity was maximum in callus (99.05%).

Conclusions
These results described here confirm the reliability of this protocol for micropropagation and delivery of desirable gene using A. tumefaciens into indica rice.
DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types
Authors: Horvath Steve 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background
It is not yet known whether DNA methylation levels can be used to accurately predict age across a broad spectrum of human tissues and cell types, nor whether the resulting age prediction is a biologically meaningful measure.

Results
I developed a multi-tissue predictor of age that allows one to estimate the DNA methylation age of most tissues and cell types. The predictor, which is freely available, was developed using 8,000 samples from 82 Illumina DNA methylation array datasets, encompassing 51 healthy tissues and cell types. I found that DNA methylation age has the following properties: first, it is close to zero for embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells; second, it correlates with cell passage number; third, it gives rise to a highly heritable measure of age acceleration; and, fourth, it is applicable to chimpanzee tissues. Analysis of 6,000 cancer samples from 32 datasets showed that all of the considered 20 cancer types exhibit significant age acceleration, with an average of 36 years. Low age-acceleration of cancer tissue is associated with a high number of somatic mutations and TP53 mutations, while mutations in steroid receptors greatly accelerate DNA methylation age in breast cancer. Finally, I characterize the 353 CpG sites that together form an aging clock in terms of chromatin states and tissue variance.

Conclusions
I propose that DNA methylation age measures the cumulative effect of an epigenetic maintenance system. This novel epigenetic clock can be used to address a host of questions in developmental biology, cancer and aging research.
A Study of the Middle Construction
in English with Special Reference to
Learner’s Dictionaries
Authors: Zhu Xiaoli , Chen Guohua 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Although the middle construction has attracted significant attention from syntacticians, its
identity still remains controversial and it is not treated as a separate grammatical category in
any English learner’s dictionary. This article, based on the data collected from three English
learner’s dictionaries, investigates the middle construction in terms of its syntactic and
semantic properties and the constraints on its use. It shows that the three learner’s dictionaries
treat the middle construction in inconsistent and problematic manners. The middle use of
a verb is not distinguished from either transitive verbs with an implicit object or intransitive
verbs, which may hinder English learners’ acquisition of the construction. The article proposes
that middle verbs should be treated as a separate subcategory of verbs on a par with transitive
and intransitive verbs so that learners will become more aware of them and learn to use them
correctly.