bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eigenvector method for array pattern synthesis
Authors: Chen Jie , Yin Yingzeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel equation for array beam pattern synthesis is presented. The expected pattern total power is set to a fixed value, under this constraint, the difference between the main beam total power and the other part total power is maximized to achieve the array pattern synthesis. To solve the proposed pattern synthesis equation, which cannot be solved by any published traditional method, based on the Lagrange multiplier method, it is transformed into a new equation in which the array element excitation vector is the eigenvector of a matrix. Thus, the array element excitation vector can be obtained by matrix eigenvalue decomposition. Three array architectures using the method are taken as examples to show its advantages. Simulation results of the examples show that the method has better performance than other methods. The method is a noniterative approach, so it requires less computational volume to complete the pattern synthesis process. In addition, through eigenvalue decomposition, multiple eigenvectors can provide other different solutions of array elements current excitations, which can be applied in different areas.
A single‐channel transmitarray antenna with abilities of super resolution and digital beamforming
Authors: Guo Xin , Tang Jiayu , Wu Wen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA single‐channel transmitarray antenna with abilities of super resolution and digital beamforming (DBF) is proposed. The amplitude and phase distributions on the array aperture are reconstructed through beam switching with a single channel. By finding and solving relations between distributions and received signals of beams, aperture distributions can be reconstructed. The ill‐conditioned problem caused by limited scanning range and angular interval is solved using the regularization method. The obtained distributions can then be delivered to super‐resolution algorithm to obtain super resolution, or used to produce shaped beams by DBF. On the basis of the proposed theory, a bifocal beam‐reconfigurable transmitarray is designed and tested as a single‐channel DBF antenna without special and additional hardware design. It has the outstanding advantages of low cost, simple structure, low energy consumption, and high working frequency.
Performance and cost advantage of stocking locally sourced Walleye fry into southern Minnesota lakes
Authors: Logsdon Dale E. , Shroyer Steven M. , Shametov Askhan , Miller Loren M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
A genetically distinct strain of Walleye Sander vitreus (southern Minnesota strain [SMS]) persists in southern Minnesota lakes despite decades of stocking more easily obtained strains from outside of the region. Because of the regional performance advantage inferred by this persistence, we conducted in situ experiments to compare survival and stocking cost of SMS Walleye fry against those of a frequently stocked northern Minnesota strain (Mississippi headwaters strain [MIS]) to determine whether it is beneficial to expand SMS fry stocking in lieu of historic practices.

Methods
We conducted four paired stockings of oxytetracycline-marked SMS fry and MIS fry into six southern Minnesota lakes and then sampled the fish as fall fingerlings during 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022. We then used fluorescent microscopy and parentage-based tagging techniques to discern the stocked strains for comparison of growth and survival. We also obtained production and stocking cost data from agency records to calculate relative stocking costs.

Result
By the end of their first summer, SMS Walleye from all but two stockings exhibited higher survival than MIS Walleye. Despite higher initial costs to produce SMS fry, their higher survival to fall fingerlings made the stocking of SMS fry more cost effective than MIS fry stocking. Natural reproduction was also identified in several stocked lakes, most of which consisted of either high or increasing levels of SMS ancestry.

Conclusion
A local strain can outperform nonlocal strains at a level that can overcome additional costs of developing a new egg source. In addition, natural reproduction of local-strain Walleye may reduce or eliminate the need for future stocking.
Lateral kinematic properties of offshore pipe piles embedded in saturated soil considering soil plug effect
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Yang Xiaoyan , Liu Hao , Chen Libo , Wu Wenbing , Naggar M. Hesham El , Lu Dagang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study establishes a theoretical framework for analyzing the lateral oscillation of marine pipe piles. The additional mass model is introduced herein to consider the inertial fluctuation effect of the soil plug. Analytical mathematical methods are used to determine the complex impedance variation of the pile over a range of frequency effects. An investigation is performed to determine how the presence of soil plugs changes the lateral complex stiffness and natural frequency of pipe piles. Additionally, comparisons of the applicability of the plane strain model and continuous medium model have been conducted to enable the easy use of the theoretical model. The main conclusions can be drawn as (1) if the fluctuation inertia effect of the soil plug is not taken into consideration, the dynamic active length and the dynamic stiffness of the pipe pile will be underestimated; (2) for the soft soil, the plane strain model may give rise to substantial calculation errors attributed to them regardless of the vertical continuity of the soil, nevertheless, the calculation error decreases rapidly with the increase of soil shear modulus and vibration frequency.
Dynamically accelerating the power iteration with momentum
Authors: Austin Christian , Pollock Sara , Zhu Yunrong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, we propose, analyze and demonstrate a dynamic momentum method to accelerate power and inverse power iterations with minimal computational overhead. The method can be applied to real diagonalizable matrices, is provably convergent with acceleration in the symmetric case, and does not require a priori spectral knowledge. We review and extend background results on previously developed static momentum accelerations for the power iteration through the connection between the momentum accelerated iteration and the standard power iteration applied to an augmented matrix. We show that the augmented matrix is defective for the optimal parameter choice. We then present our dynamic method which updates the momentum parameter at each iteration based on the Rayleigh quotient and two previous residuals. We present convergence and stability theory for the method by considering a power‐like method consisting of multiplying an initial vector by a sequence of augmented matrices. We demonstrate the developed method on a number of benchmark problems, and see that it outperforms both the power iteration and often the static momentum acceleration with optimal parameter choice. Finally, we present and demonstrate an explicit extension of the algorithm to inverse power iterations.
Factors related to the disaster preparedness of patients on haemodialysis from Sichuan, China, during COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhu Linfang , Liu Yang , Li Sijian , Liao Ruoxi , Fu Ping , Yuan Huaihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate personal preparedness among patients on haemodialysis (HD) and to examine the relationship among sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward disaster preparedness and personal preparedness behaviours during natural disaster incidents.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted.MethodsA convenience sampling method was used. A total of 446 participants from six areas of Sichuan province completed the online questionnaire study from February 27 to March 13, 2022. Sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward disaster preparedness and personal preparedness behaviours were measured. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward disaster preparedness. The relationship among sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward disaster preparedness and personal preparedness behaviours were assessed using ordinal regression. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 446 participants completed the survey. Of these, 42.15% (N = 188) were poorly prepared, 26.23% (N = 117) were moderately prepared and 31.61% (N = 141) were highly prepared. Ordinal regression showed that knowing about disaster preparedness (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.691, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.081–2.644, p = 0.021), participating in disaster evacuation exercises (OR = 2.519, 95% CI = 1.595–3.977, p < 0.001) and learning about disaster preparedness (OR = 2.421, 95% CI = 1.542–3.802, p < 0.001) were associated with high preparedness. Compared to patients with a university degree or higher, patients with a junior high school education or lower (OR = 3.491, 95% CI = 1.760–6.925, p < 0.001) and senior high school degree (OR = 2.052, 95% CI = 1.038–4.057, p = 0.039) were associated with high preparedness. Patients who felt very confident and could deal with all their needs (OR = 3.878, 95% CI = 2.904–7.181, p < 0.001) or patients who felt confident and could meet some of their needs (OR = 1.949, 95% CI = 1.124–3.379, p = 0.017) had higher preparedness than those who felt less confident and were not well prepared to take care of their needs.Patient or Public ContributionAfter obtaining each participant's consent, they filled out the online questionnaire using their own or a relative's cell phone while undergoing HD.Implication for PracticeIt is essential that patients should be educated not only on medical specialty topics, but also on general disaster preparedness. Medical institutions should improve and reinforce preparation training among targeted populations. The low level of preparedness is partly due to the lack of participation of patients in disaster preparedness programs. Dialysis center managers should be urged to implement such programs at their centers.
Family management styles for children with asthma: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Lin Keke , Zhang Yuying , He Xudong , Chen Xiangyu , Zhang Xianzhen , Duan Hongmei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo identify the latent profiles and predictors of family management styles for children with asthma.DesignThis is a secondary data analysis. The demographic data of 506 primary caregivers of children with asthma and their scores of the Family Management Scale in a cross‐sectional study were used. Latent profile analysis and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed.ResultsThree family management styles were identified: Thriving (Profile 1), Accommodating (Profile 2), and Enduring (Profile 3) Family Management Style. The child's age, gender, mother's education level, family structure, influence of illness on parents' work and family life, whether they had follow‐up plans and whether their parents had read disease and health knowledge pamphlets were found to be the predictors of different styles.ConclusionThree distinct family management styles exist for children with asthma. Future interventions designed to enhance family management for children with asthma should be based on their demographic characteristics and family management styles.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThe precise classification of family management styles in this study can serve as a guide to form multi‐disciplinary teams of physicians and nurses to provide individualized care and conduct in‐depth research to explore the mechanisms of biomedicine and the social psychology of asthma in the future.Impact

This paper aims to identify the latent profiles and predictors of family management styles of children with asthma.

Thriving, accommodating, and enduring family management styles were identified in this paper. Child's characteristics, family and organizational factors were the predictors of different family management styles.

Findings of this paper provide guidance for physicians and nurses to offer individualized care and conduct in‐depth research to explore the mechanisms of biomedicine and the social psychology of asthma in the future.

Reporting MethodThe article was reported according to the STROBE Checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Windmill grass (Chloris spp.) as a non‐wood source of cellulose for reinforcement of starch films
Authors: Flores‐Martínez N. L. , Cruz‐Rodríguez J. J. , Arredondo‐Tamayo B. , Hernández‐Varela J. D. , Chanona‐Pérez J. J. , Gallegos‐Cerda S. D. , Hernández‐Hernández H. M. , Jarquín‐Enríquez L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNowadays, non‐timber sources are of greater interest as they avoid deforestation and the pollution which occurs with cellulose obtention. An emerging alternative is using weeds such as windmill grass (Chloris spp.) to isolate cellulose since the plant grows in large quantities near crops or landfills used for farming. The present study aims to explore windmill grass as an alternative source of cellulose for applications as reinforcement in biopolymeric matrices. Treatment was conducted using the peroxyformic pulping method, varying the formic acid (FA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration to obtain an optimum cellulose extraction condition. The isolated celluloses were analyzed for chemical composition, yield, chemical functionality, crystallinity, and morphology. The optimum pulping condition (FA = 87.5%, HP = 3%) shows the gradual removal of non‐cellulosic components by microscopy. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed a high crystallinity index (89.63%) with a characteristic cellulose type I pattern. To evaluate the reinforced effect of Chloris spp. celluloses, film formulations were made using sweet potato starch, glycerol, and cellulose at different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% w/w). The films' mechanical, physicochemical, and thermal properties were measured, and results indicate that adding cellulose fibers significantly improves these properties of sweet potato starch films, revealing further applications and non‐wood windmill grass added value with potential applications in the packaging sector.Highlights
Windmill grass (Chloris spp.) is presented as a non‐wood source of cellulose.
The peroxyformic method is reported as a less polluting cellulose extraction process.
Optimal cellulose pulp presents enhanced physicochemical properties after bleaching.
Cellulose‐reinforced sweet potato starch films exhibit a stable biopolymeric matrix.
The films produced show enhanced water barrier and mechanical/thermal properties.
Effect of polymeric spherulite coatings on optical properties of chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal films
Authors: Verma Chhavi , Chhajed Monika , Priya E. , Maji Pradip K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have received an abundance of attention because of their distinctive chiral nematic structure and exceptional optical characteristics. However, the use of free‐standing films is constrained by the inherent stiffness and brittleness. In this work, CNC films with robust mechanical properties are prepared by simply coating them with polymeric spherulites. Maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA) is used to coat CNC films. The optical properties of coated films were also analyzed using polarized optical microscope. It is observed that the circular extinction patterns for the coated CNC film were created by the radial symmetry of banded spherulites, which were responsible for the perception of the optical transmission bands of the CNC film. Interfacial anchoring plays a crucial role in enhancing the overall performance and properties of the composite system. The future development of numerous portable functional components needing improved optical, mechanical, and thermal qualities of CNC films is made possible by this protective coating approach.
Physiotherapy practices in the clinical assessment of lateral elbow tendinopathy: An international survey
Authors: Heales Luke , Vicenzino Bill , Bisset Leanne , Bateman Marcus , Hill Caitlin , Kean Crystal , Spyve Aleesha , Jaques Ashlee , Sansom Fergus , Lowe Michael , Obst Steven 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeUnderstanding physiotherapy practices is important to identify variations from empirical evidence and highlight requirements for training. This survey explored international physiotherapy practices for assessment of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET).MethodsTwo hundred ninety‐nine surveyed physiotherapists from eight member countries of the International Federation of Manual and Orthopaedic Physical Therapists completed the survey. Respondents rated their frequency of use (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and always) for items related to: patient history; diagnostic tests; grip and upper limb strength; cervical and neurological assessment; and medical imaging. To establish practices, the five response categories were dichotomised into routine practice (often, always) and not‐routine practice (sometimes, rarely, never). A response rate of ≥70% for each dichotomy was used to determine whether an assessment item was deemed routine practice or not, with items not meeting either criterion considered neither routine nor not‐routine practice.ResultsMost respondents were from United States (63%). The ‘chair pick up test’, ‘cervical special tests’, and ‘plain radiograph’ met our criteria for not routine practice (i.e., 70%, 72%, and 71%, respectively). All other assessment items did not meet the criteria to be considered routine or not‐routine practice.ConclusionThe chair pick‐up test, cervical spine special tests (e.g., Spurling's test), and plain radiography appear to not be routinely used in the assessment of LET. The finding that no assessment technique met the criteria for routine use may imply that physiotherapists adopt a nuanced approach to selecting clinical assessment items as opposed to routinely applying tests.
Applications of cell free protein synthesis in protein design
Authors: Thornton Ella Lucille , Paterson Sarah Maria , Stam Michael J. , Wood Christopher W. , Laohakunakorn Nadanai , Regan Lynne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn protein design, the ultimate test of success is that the designs function as desired. Here, we discuss the utility of cell free protein synthesis (CFPS) as a rapid, convenient and versatile method to screen for activity. We champion the use of CFPS in screening potential designs. Compared to in vivo protein screening, a wider range of different activities can be evaluated using CFPS, and the scale on which it can easily be used—screening tens to hundreds of designed proteins—is ideally suited to current needs. Protein design using physics‐based strategies tended to have a relatively low success rate, compared with current machine‐learning based methods. Screening steps (such as yeast display) were often used to identify proteins that displayed the desired activity from many designs that were highly ranked computationally. We also describe how CFPS is well‐suited to identify the reasons designs fail, which may include problems with transcription, translation, and solubility, in addition to not achieving the desired structure and function.
Formerly degenerate seventh zinc finger domain from transcription factor ZNF711 rehabilitated by experimental NMR structure
Authors: Rua Antonio J. , Alexandrescu Andrei T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDomain Z7 of nuclear transcription factor ZNF711 has the consensus last metal‐ligand H23 found in odd‐numbered zinc fingers of this protein replaced by a phenylalanine. Ever since the discovery of ZNF711, it has been thought that Z7 is probably non‐functional because of the H23F substitution. The presence of H26 three positions downstream prompted us to examine if this histidine could substitute as the last metal‐ligand. The Z7 domain adopts a stable tertiary structure upon metal‐binding. The NMR structure of Zn2+‐bound Z7 shows the classical ββα‐fold of CCHH zinc fingers. Mutagenesis and pH titration experiments indicate that H26 is not involved in metal binding and that Z7 has a tridentate metal‐binding site comprised of only residues C3, C6, and H19. By contrast, an F23H mutation that introduces a histidine in the consensus position forms a tetradentate ligand. The structure of the WT Z7 is stable causing restricted ring‐flipping of phenylalanines 10 and 23. Dynamics are increased with either the H26A or F23H substitutions and aromatic ring rotation is no longer hindered in the two mutants. The mutations have only small effects on the Kd values for Zn2+ and Co2+ and retain the high thermal stability of the WT domain above 80°C. Like two previously reported designed zinc fingers with the last ligand replaced by water, the WT Z7 domain is catalytically active, hydrolyzing 4‐nitrophenyl acetate. We discuss the implications of naturally occurring tridentate zinc fingers for cancer mutations and drug targeting of notoriously undruggable transcription factors.
A look beyond the QR code of SNARE proteins
Authors: Yadav Deepak , Hacisuleyman Aysima , Dergai Mykola , Khalifeh Dany , Abriata Luciano A. , Peraro Matteo Dal , Fasshauer Dirk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor Attachment protein REceptor (SNARE) proteins catalyze the fusion process of vesicles with target membranes in eukaryotic cells. To do this, they assemble in a zipper‐like fashion into stable complexes between the membranes. Structural studies have shown that the complexes consist of four different helices, which we subdivide into Qa‐, Qb‐, Qc‐, and R‐helix on the basis of their sequence signatures. Using a combination of biochemistry, modeling and molecular dynamics, we investigated how the four different types are arranged in a complex. We found that there is a matching pattern in the core of the complex that dictates the position of the four fundamental SNARE types in the bundle, resulting in a QabcR complex. In the cell, several different cognate QabcR‐SNARE complexes catalyze the different transport steps between the compartments of the endomembrane system. Each of these cognate QabcR complexes is compiled from a repertoire of about 20 SNARE subtypes. Our studies show that exchange within the four types is largely tolerated structurally, although some non‐cognate exchanges lead to structural imbalances. This suggests that SNARE complexes have evolved for a catalytic mechanism, a mechanism that leaves little scope for selectivity beyond the QabcR rule.