bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISS groups: are we speaking the same language?
Authors: Rozenfeld Michael , Radomislensky Irina , Freedman Laurence , Givon Adi , Novikov Iliya , Peleg Kobi 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundDespite ISS being a widely accepted tool for measuring injury severity, many researchers and practitioners use different partition of ISS into severity groups. The lack of uniformity in ISS use inhibits proper comparisons between different studies. Creation of ISS group boundaries based on single AIS value squares and their sums was proposed in 1988 during Major Trauma Study (MTOS) in the USA, but was not validated by analysis of large databases.MethodsA validation study analysing 316 944 patients in the Israeli National Trauma registry (INTR) and 249 150 patients in the American National Trauma Data Bases (NTDB). A binary algorithm (Classification and Regression Trees (CART)) was used to detect the most significantly different ISS groups and was also applied to original MTOS data.ResultsThe division of ISS into groups by the CART algorithm was identical in both Trauma Registries and very similar to original division in the MTOS. For most samples, the recommended groups are 1–8, 9–14, 16–24 and 25–75, while in very large samples or in studies specifically targeting critical patients there is a possibility to divide the last group into 25–48 and 50–75 groups, with an option for further division into 50–66 and 75 groups.ConclusionsUsing a statistical analysis of two very large databases of trauma patients, we have found that partitioning of ISS into groups based on their association with patient mortality enables us to establish clear cut-off points for these groups. We propose that the suggested partition of ISS into severity groups would be adopted as a standard in order to have a common language when discussing injury severity.
A survey of reporting of colorectal cancer in Scotland: compliance with guidelines and effect of proforma reporting
Authors: Woods Y L , Mukhtar S , McClements P , Lang J , Steele R J , Carey F A 
Published: February 2014

AimsThe main purpose of the study was to present a baseline audit of reporting of colorectal cancers resection specimens in Scotland, audited against the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) standards (2007) and NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (NHS QIS) standards.Methods50 consecutive rectal and 50 consecutive colonic cancer cases from 2011 were audited from 10 Scottish health boards involved in colorectal cancer reporting (n=953). The rates of reporting of serosal involvement, extramural venous invasion (EMVI) and the mean numbers of lymph nodes found were audited against RCPath standards and compared between units that routinely used a reporting proforma versus those that did not.ResultsThe performance in reporting of rectal cancer was generally worse than for colonic cancer, with only three units meeting the RCPath standards for reporting of rectal cancer. There were significant differences between units that routinely used a proforma, with the non-proforma group failing to meet the minimum standards for both serosal involvement (6%) and EMVI (24%). In the non-proforma group, 56% of rectal cases had a mean lymph node count of 12 or more compared with 81% in the proforma group.ConclusionsSignificant differences exist in the frequencies with which important adverse prognostic features are reported by pathologists across 10 Scottish health boards. This has potential implications for patient care. Health boards that make routine use of reporting proformas are more likely to meet RCPath guidelines for reporting of these important pathological parameters.
DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ATOMIC INTERFACE BETWEEN bcc LATTICES
Authors: BELKACEMI GHANIA , BOURAHLA BOUALEM , KHATER ANTOINE 
Published: February 2014

A study of the phonon contribution to the interface properties between two bcc dissimilar solids is presented. The model system is obtained by the juxtaposition of two semi-infinite harmonic bcc lattices. The interface observables are numerically calculated for different cases of masses and elastic softening to hardening, to investigate how the local dynamics can respond to many environmental microscopic changes in the field interfacial domain. The theoretical formalism using simultaneously the Green's functions and the matching method is employed to describe the dynamics of the bcc system, the complete evanescent and the propagating fields. A calculation is presented for the vibration localized states, the coherent phonon transmission and the density of states (DOS), as element of a Landauer–Büttiker type scattering matrix. The system dynamics, the phonon scattering and the transmission spectra via the interface domain between bcc lattices and the DOS are analyzed as function of the atomic masses and the elastic force constants occurring in the nanojunction zone of the model system. Our results show that the interface zone is an effective phonon splitter and suggest that its characteristics may be controlled by varying its nanometric parameters. The observed fluctuations are due to the coherent coupling between continuum and discrete states induced by the interface domain.
Market mechanisms for managing datacenters with heterogeneous microarchitectures
Authors: Guevara Marisabel , Lubin Benjamin , Lee Benjamin C. 
Published: February 2014

Specialization of datacenter resources brings performance and energy improvements in response to the growing scale and diversity of cloud applications. Yet heterogeneous hardware adds complexity and volatility to latency-sensitive applications. A resource allocation mechanism that leverages architectural principles can overcome both of these obstacles.
We integrate research in heterogeneous architectures with recent advances in multi-agent systems. Embedding architectural insight into proxies that bid on behalf of applications, a market effectively allocates hardware to applications with diverse preferences and valuations. Exploring a space of heterogeneous datacenter configurations, which mix server-class Xeon and mobile-class Atom processors, we find an optimal heterogeneous balance that improves both welfare and energy-efficiency. We further design and evaluate twelve design points along the Xeon-to-Atom spectrum, and find that a mix of three processor architectures achieves a 12× reduction in response time violations relative to equal-power homogeneous systems.
A Preliminary Investigation of User Perception and Behavioral Intention for Different Review Types: Customers and Designers Perspective
Authors: Qazi Atika , Raj Ram Gopal , Tahir Muhammad , Waheed Mahwish , Khan Saif Ur Rehman , Abraham Ajith 
Published: February 2014

Existing opinion mining studies have focused on and explored only two types of reviews, that is, regular and comparative. There is a visible gap in determining the useful review types from customers and designers perspective. Based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and statistical measures we examine users’ perception about different review types and its effects in terms of behavioral intention towards using online review system. By using sample of users(N=400)and designers(N=106), current research work studies three review types, A (regular), B (comparative), and C (suggestive), which are related to perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention. The study reveals that positive perception of the use of suggestive reviews improves users’ decision making in business intelligence. The results also depict that type C (suggestive reviews) could be considered a new useful review type in addition to other types, A and B.Corrigendum to “A Preliminary Investigation of User Perception and Behavioral Intention for Different Review Types: Customers and Designers Perspective”
RSF1 Is a Positive Regulator of NF-κB–Induced Gene Expression Required for Ovarian Cancer Chemoresistance
Authors: Yang Yeong-In , Ahn Ji-Hye , Lee Kyung-Tae , Shih Ie-Ming , Choi Jung-Hye 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Overexpression or amplification of the RSF1 gene has been associated with poor prognosis in various human cancers, including ovarian cancer. In previous work, RSF1 was identified as an amplified gene that facilitated the development of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer. In the present study, we further demonstrated that RSF1 expression inversely correlated with paclitaxel response in patients with ovarian cancer and the mouse xenograft model. In addition, RSF1-overexpressing paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines were found to express elevated levels of genes regulated by NF-κB, including some involved with the evasion of apoptosis (CFLAR, XIAP, BCL2, and BCL2L1) and inflammation (PTGS2). In addition, ectopic expression of RSF1 using Tet-off inducible SKOV3 cells significantly enhanced NF-κB–dependent gene expression and transcriptional activation of NF-κB. An RSF1 knockdown using short hairpin RNAs suppressed these same pathways. Moreover, pretreatment with NF-κB inhibitors or downregulation of NF-κB–regulated gene expression considerably enhanced paclitaxel sensitivity in RSF1-overexpressing OVCAR3 and/or RSF1-induced SKOV3 cells. A coimmunoprecipitation assay revealed that RSF1 interacts with NF-κB and CREB-binding protein, a ubiquitous coactivator for NF-κB. Recruitment of RSF1 to the NF-κB binding element in the PTGS2 and XIAP promoters was demonstrated by the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, hSNF2H, a well-known binding partner of RSF1, was partially involved in the interaction between RSF1 and NF-κB. Taken together, these data suggest that RSF1 may function as a coactivator for NF-κB, consequently augmenting expression of genes necessary for the development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2258–69. ©2014 AACR.
Context-Selective Death of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Triggered by the Novel Hybrid Retinoid-HDAC Inhibitor MC2392
Authors: De Bellis Floriana , Carafa Vincenzo , Conte Mariarosaria , Rotili Dante , Petraglia Francesca , Matarese Filomena , Françoijs Kees-Jan , Ablain Julien , Valente Sergio , Castellano Rèmy , Goubard Armelle , Collette Yves , Mandoli Amit , Martens Joost H.A. , de Thé Hugues , Nebbioso Angela , Mai Antonello , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Altucci Lucia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are widely used in the clinic to sensitize tumorigenic cells for treatment with other anticancer compounds. The major drawback of HDACi is the broad inhibition of the plethora of HDAC-containing complexes. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), repression by the PML-RARα oncofusion protein is mediated by an HDAC-containing complex that can be dissociated by pharmacologic doses of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inducing differentiation and cell death at the expense of side effects and recurrence. We hypothesized that the context-specific close physical proximity of a retinoid and HDACi-binding protein in the repressive PML-RARα-HDAC complex may permit selective targeting by a hybrid molecule of ATRA with a 2-aminoanilide tail of the HDAC inhibitor MS-275, yielding MC2392. We show that MC2392 elicits weak ATRA and essentially no HDACi activity in vitro or in vivo. Genome-wide epigenetic analyses revealed that in NB4 cells expressing PML-RARα, MC2392 induces changes in H3 acetylation at a small subset of PML-RARα–binding sites. RNA-seq reveals that MC2392 alters expression of a number of stress-responsive and apoptotic genes. Concordantly, MC2392 induced rapid and massive, caspase-8–dependent cell death accompanied by RIP1 induction and ROS production. Solid and leukemic tumors are not affected by MC2392, but expression of PML-RARα conveys efficient MC2392-induced cell death. Our data suggest a model in which MC2392 binds to the RARα moiety and selectively inhibits the HDACs resident in the repressive complex responsible for the transcriptional impairment in APLs. Our findings provide proof-of-principle of the concept of a context-dependent targeted therapy. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2328–39. ©2014 AACR.
NHS Scotland reduces the postcode lottery for hip arthroplasty: an ecological study of the impact of waiting time initiatives
Authors: Kirkwood Graham , Pollock Allyson M , Howie Colin , Wild Sarah 
Published: February 2014

Objectives Following the election of the Labour government in 1997, policies were developed in England to reduce waiting times for NHS treatment with commitments to reduce health inequalities. Similar policies were adopted in Scotland but with less emphasis on the use of the private sector to deliver NHS treatments than in England. This study uses routinely collected NHS Scotland data to analyse geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in elective hip arthroplasty treatment before and after the introduction of the waiting time initiatives in Scotland in 2003. Design Ecological study design. Setting Scotland. Participants NHS-funded patients receiving elective hip arthroplasty delivered by the NHS and private hospitals between 1 April 1998 and 31 March 2008. Main outcome measures Directly standardised treatment rates and incidence rate ratios calculated using Poisson regression. Results There was a 42% increase in NHS-funded hip arthroplasties carried out in Scotland from 4095 in 2002–2003 (1 April 2002–31 March 2003) to 5829 in 2007–2008. There is evidence of a statistically significant reduction in geographical inequality (likelihood ratio test p < 0.001) but no evidence of any statistically significant change in socioeconomic inequality ( p = 0.108), comparing the 5 years after 1 April 2003 with the 5 years before 1 April 2003. The number of NHS-funded hip arthroplasties undertaken privately rose from 1.1% in 2002–2003 to 2.9% in 2007–2008, whereas the NHS Golden Jubilee National Hospital increased its share from 3.3% to 10.6% over the same period. Conclusions The reduction in geographical inequality, or ‘postcode lottery’, in hip arthroplasty treatment in Scotland may be due to increased NHS capacity, in particular the development of the NHS Golden Jubilee National Hospital in Clydebank, Greater Glasgow as a dedicated centre to reduce surgery waiting times.
Quantitative lung perfused blood volume imaging on dual-energy CT: capability for quantitative assessment of disease severity in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Miura Sachiko , Ohno Yoshiharu , Kimura Hiroshi , Kichikawa Kimihiko 
Published: February 2014

Background Regional iodine distribution assessment on dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has been suggested as useful for management of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) patients. However, no reported studies have made a direct comparison between quantitatively assessed DECT and right-to-left ventricular (RV/LV) ratio on CT for differentiation of right heart dysfunction (RHD) from non-right heart dysfunction (NRHD) in APTE patients. Purpose To determine the capability of DECT for differentiation of RHD from NRHD in APTE patients. Material and Methods Thirteen APTE patients underwent DECT and echocardiography at onset of APTE. Patients were divided into RHD ( n = 7) and NRHD ( n = 6) groups based on echocardiography. A normalized lung perfused blood volume map was generated, and two kinds of overall perfusion (OP) index were determined, one placed over each lung field (OP index A) and as the average from six regions of interest (ROIs) placed over each lung field (OP index B). The heterogeneity index was also determined as the standard deviation for the six ROIs. RV/LV ratio evaluations were also performed. To assess differences between the two groups, each index was statistically compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. The receiver-operating curve-based positive test was then performed to determine the feasible threshold value for dividing patients into the two groups. Finally, differentiation capabilities of the indexes were compared using McNemar’s test. Results Significant differences between the two groups were found for both OP indexes and RV/LV ratio ( P < 0.05). For each of the feasible threshold values, accuracy of each OP index with and without RV/LV ratio was better than that of the RV/LV ratio. Conclusion Quantitative DECT has good potential for differentiation of APTE patients with and without right heart dysfunction.
Investigation of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and blood glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sefil Fatih , Ulutas Kemal Turker , Dokuyucu Recep , Sumbul Ahmet Taner , Yengil Erhan , Yagiz Abdullah Erman , Yula Erkan , Ustun Ihsan , Gokce Cumali 
Published: February 2014

Objective Leukocytosis is thought to be directly associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Increased white blood cell (WBC) count is related to cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; raised neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with metabolic syndrome. There is little information, however, concerning a correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and NLR. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between NLR and blood glucose regulation. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, divided into two groups according to HbA1c levels: group 1, HbA1c levels ≤ 7%; group 2, HbA1c levels > 7%. Venous WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were determined. Results Of 71 patients included, fasting serum glucose, neutrophil and WBC counts were significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1. NLR had a positive correlation with HbA1c. Conclusion There may be a significant relationship between NLR and blood glucose regulation. The authors propose that increased NLR may be associated with elevated HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Can we accurately report PTEN status in advanced colorectal cancer?
Authors: Hocking Christopher , Hardingham Jennifer E , Broadbridge Vy , Wrin Joe , Townsend Amanda R , Tebbutt Niall , Cooper John , Ruszkiewicz Andrew , Lee Chee , Price Timothy J 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) function evaluated by loss of PTEN protein expression on immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been reported as both prognostic in metastatic colorectal cancer and predictive of response to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies although results remain uncertain. Difficulties in the methodological assessment of PTEN are likely to be a major contributor to recent conflicting results.

Methods
We assessed loss of PTEN function in 51 colorectal cancer specimens using Taqman® copy number variation (CNV) and IHC. Two blinded pathologists performed independent IHC assessment on each specimen and inter-observer variability of IHC assessment and concordance of IHC versus Taqman® CNV was assessed.

Results
Concordance between pathologists (PTEN loss vs no loss) on IHC assessment was 37/51 (73%). In specimens with concordant IHC assessment, concordance between IHC and Taqman® copy number in PTEN loss assessment was 25/37 (68%).

Conclusion
Assessment PTEN loss in colorectal cancer is limited by the inter-observer variability of IHC, and discordance of CNV with loss of protein expression. An understanding of the genetic mechanisms of PTEN loss and implementation of improved and standardized methodologies of PTEN assessment are required to clarify the role of PTEN as a biomarker in colorectal cancer.
Piper betle induces phase I & II genes through Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from wild type and Nrf2 knockout cells
Authors: Wan Hasan Wan Nuraini , Kwak Mi-Kyoung , Makpol Suzana , Ngah Wan Zurinah Wan , Yusof Yasmin Anum Mohd 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a primary transcription factor, protecting cells from oxidative stress by regulating a number of antioxidants and phase II detoxifying enzymes. Dietary components such as sulforaphane in broccoli and quercetin in onions have been shown to be inducers of Nrf2. Piper betle (PB) grows well in tropical climate and the leaves are used in a number of traditional remedies for the treatment of stomach ailments and infections among Asians. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of Piper betle (PB) leaves extract in Nrf2 signaling pathway by using 2 types of cells; mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from wild-type (WT) and Nrf2 knockout (N0) mice.

Methods
WT and N0 cells were treated with 5 and 10 μg/ml of PB for 10 and 12-h for the determination of nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein. Luciferase reporter gene activity was performed to evaluate the antioxidant response element (ARE)-induction by PB. Real-time PCR and Western blot were conducted on both WT and N0 cells after PB treatment for the determination of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and heme-oxygenase (HO-1)], phase I oxidoreductase enzymes [NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)] and phase II detoxifying enzyme [glutathione S-transferase (GST)].

Results
Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 by PB in WT cells was better after 10 h incubation compared to 12 h. Real time PCR and Western blot analysis showed increased expressions of Nrf2, NQO1 and GSTA1 genes with corresponding increases in glutathione, NQO1 and HO-1 proteins in WT cells. Reporter gene ARE was stimulated by PB as shown by ARE/luciferase assay. Interestingly, PB induced SOD1 gene and protein expressions in N0 cells but not in WT cells.

Conclusion
The results of this study confirmed that PB activated Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway which subsequently induced some phase I oxidoreductase, phase II detoxifying and antioxidant genes expression via ARE reporter gene involved in the Nrf2 pathway with the exception of SOD1 which may not be dependent on this pathway.