bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring differences between central located test and home use test in a living lab context
Authors: Karin Wendin , Annika Åström , Anna Ståhlbröst 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe concept of Living Labs (LLs) has evolved to support the creation of experience‐based development of innovations in real‐life, user‐driven and open environments. Two types of consumer product tests used generally are central location tests (CLT) and home use tests (HUT) where the acceptability or liking of a product or group of products is determined together with the view of whether one product is preferred over other products. This article explores the similarities and differences between CLT and HUT test results in a LL context. In both settings, the acceptance of five flavoured chocolate bars was evaluated for appearance, odour, taste/flavour, texture and overall liking. Apart from the mean values of liking in the two tests, data were analysed to identify consumer segments. Qualitative data were also collected by asking for consumer comments on the tested samples. The results show that independent of test method the bars were evaluated equally and all accepted by the consumers. A clear difference between CLT and HUT testing was that CLT consumers significantly differed from the HUT consumers, giving the test samples lower scores. For example, the mean values of the overall acceptance scores given by HUT consumers varied between 6.0 and 6.6, while for CLT consumers the corresponding values varied from 5.4 to 5.9. Another difference was the number of comments from consumers. CLT consumers richly commented on the products in a verbose way, while HUT consumers used the opportunity to comment very sparingly. Considering the cluster analysis as yet another difference between the testing methods, clusters from the CLT were more distinct and the number was higher with five clusters in CLT and four in HUT. Clusters where consumers liked all the products in both test settings were twice as many for HUT than in CLT. Applying the LL approach, there is a need for methods and approaches that capture a rich picture of consumers during test performance without being intrusive or obstructive of activities and context. The approach offers the opportunity for companies to have consumers not only test products but also offer input that can stimulate new innovations and give consumers more power and influence.
A Novel Electrocardiographic T‐Wave Measurement (Tp‐Te Interval) as a Predictor of Heart Abnormalities in Hypertension: A New Opportunity for First‐Line Electrocardiographic Evaluation
Authors: Ferrucci Andrea , Canichella Flaminia , Battistoni Allegra , Palano Francesca , Francia Pietro , Ciavarella Giuseppino Massimo , Volpe Massimo , Tocci Giuliano 
Published: March 2015

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of conventional and new markers of early cardiac organ damage (OD) on 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG) in 25 outpatients with newly diagnosed untreated essential hypertension compared with 15 normotensive, otherwise healthy individuals. Each participant underwent ECG, echocardiographic, and blood pressure (BP) measurements. Conventional and new ECG indexes for cardiac OD (Tp‐Te interval, ventricular activation time, and P‐wave analysis) were also measured. Clinic and 24‐hour ambulatory BP levels as well as left ventricular mass indexes were significantly higher in hypertensive than in normotensive patients. No significant differences were found between the two groups for ECG and echocardiographic markers of OD. Only Tp‐Te interval was higher in hypertensive than in normotensive individuals (3.06 mm vs 2.24 mm; P<.0001), even after adjustment for anthropometric and clinical parameters. Preliminary results of this study demonstrated prolonged Tp‐Te interval in newly diagnosed, untreated hypertensive outpatients compared with normotensive individuals.
Influence of Whitening and Regular Dentifrices on Orthodontic Clear Ligature Color Stability
Authors: Oliveira Adauê S. , Kaizer Marina R. , Salgado Vinícius E. , Soldati Dener C. , Silva Roberta C. , Moraes Rafael R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the effect of brushing orthodontic clear ligatures with a whitening dentifrice containing a blue pigment (Close Up White Now, Unilever, London, UK) on their color stability, when exposed to a staining agent.Materials and MethodsLigatures from 3M Unitek (Monrovia, CA, USA) and Morelli (Sorocaba, SP, Brazil) were tested. Baseline color measurements were performed and nonstained groups (control) were stored in distilled water whereas test groups were exposed for 1 hour daily to red wine. Specimens were brushed daily using regular or whitening dentifrice. Color measurements were repeated after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days using a spectrophotometer based on the CIE L*a*b* system.ResultsDecreased luminosity (CIE L*), increased red discoloration (CIE a* axis), and increased yellow discoloration (CIE b* axis) were generally observed for ligatures exposed to the staining agent. Color variation was generally lower in specimens brushed with regular dentifrice, but ligatures brushed with whitening dentifrice were generally less red and less yellow than regular dentifrice. The whitening dentifrice led to blue discoloration trend, with visually detectable differences particularly apparent according to storage condition and ligature brand.ConclusionsThe whitening dentifrice containing blue pigment did not improve the ligature color stability, but it decreased yellow discoloration and increased a blue coloration.Clinical SignificanceThe use of a whitening dentifrice containing blue pigment during orthodontic treatment might decrease the yellow discoloration of elastic ligatures.
Co‐Authorship Network Analysis in Industrial Ecology Research Community
Authors: Kim Junbeum , Perez Charles 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMany scientific collaboration networks have been extensively studied from different perspectives, such as network degree analysis or centrality. However, there has been little study of the scientific collaboration network in the industrial ecology (IE) research domain and community. In this study therefore, we collected co‐authorship keywords and related data from 1,032 publications between 1997 and 2012 from the most influential journal on the topic: the Journal of Industrial Ecology. An evaluation of publications in terms of network characteristics was conducted. Journal characteristics, such as publications by each author, number of co‐authors per paper, and keywords, were identified. Further, we developed a co‐authorship network and maps with network centrality analysis, components, and cluster analysis. The results of this study clearly show the main topics of the science, structure of scientific collaboration, and status of individual researchers within the IE research community.
Protective effect of fucosterol isolated from the edible brown algae, Ecklonia stolonifera and Eisenia bicyclis, on tert-butyl hydroperoxide- and tacrine-induced HepG2 cell injury
Authors: Choi Jae Sue , Han Yu Ran , Byeon Jeong Su , Choung Se-Young , Sohn Hee Sook , Jung Hyun Ah 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Fucosterol is the primary sterol found in brown algae. Recently, considerable interest has been generated regarding fucosterol due to its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of fucosterol on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)- and tacrine-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells.

Methods
Fucosterol by itself exhibited no cytotoxicity at concentrations below 100 μm by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased glutathione levels observed in t-BHP- and tacrine-treated HepG2 cells were ameliorated by fucosterol pretreatment, indicating that the protective effects of fucosterol are mediated by the induction of cellular defence mechanisms against oxidative stress. Moreover, elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in tacrine-treated mice were significantly reduced after oral administration of fucosterol.

Key findings
The hepatoprotective effects of fucosterol may occur via an increase in the hepatic level of glutathione and a decrease in ROS production, thereby preventing hepatic damage and the resultant increases in ALT and AST activity.

Conclusion
These results suggest that fucosterol may be an effective hepatoprotective agent that could be useful for preventive therapies against oxidative stress-related hepatotoxicity.
Impact‐related noncoaxial deformation in the Pułtusk H chondrite inferred from petrofabric analysis
Authors: Krzesińska Agata , Gattacceca Jérôme , Friedrich Jon M. , Rochette Pierre 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPetrofabrics in chondrites have the potential to yield important information on the impact evolution of chondritic parent asteroids, but studies involving chondritic petrofabrics are scarce. We undertook an analysis of the Pułtusk H chondrite regolith breccia. Measurements of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and quantitative tomographic examination of metal grains are presented here and the results are compared with petrographic observations. The major fabric elements are in Pułtusk shear fractures cutting the light‐colored chondritic clasts as well as brittly and semibrittly deformed, cataclased fragments in dark matrix of regolith breccia. Cataclasis is accompanied by rotation of silicate grains and frictional melting. Fabric of metal grains in chondrite is well defined and coherently oriented over the breccia, both in the clasts and in the cataclastic matrix. Metal grains have prolate shapes and they are arranged into foliation plane and lineation direction, both of which are spatially related and kinematically compatible to shear‐dominated deformational features. We argue that the fabric of Pułtusk was formed in response to impact‐related noncoaxial shear strain. Deformation promoted brittle cataclastic processes and shearing of silicates, and, simultaneously, allowed for ductile metal to develop foliation and lineation. We suggest that plastic flow is the most probable mechanism for the deformation of metal grains in the shear‐dominated strain field. The process led also to the formation of large metal nodules and bands in the dark matrix of breccia.
Amino acid analyses of R and CK chondrites
Authors: Burton Aaron S. , McLain Hannah , Glavin Daniel P. , Elsila Jamie E. , Davidson Jemma , Miller Kelly E. , Andronikov Alexander V. , Lauretta Dante , Dworkin Jason P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExogenous delivery of amino acids and other organic molecules to planetary surfaces may have played an important role in the origins of life on Earth and other solar system bodies. Previous studies have revealed the presence of indigenous amino acids in a wide range of carbon‐rich meteorites, with the abundances and structural distributions differing significantly depending on parent body mineralogy and alteration conditions. Here we report on the amino acid abundances of seven type 3–6 CK chondrites and two Rumuruti (R) chondrites. Amino acid measurements were made on hot water extracts from these meteorites by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Of the nine meteorites analyzed, four were depleted in amino acids, and one had experienced significant amino acid contamination by terrestrial biology. The remaining four, comprised of two R and two CK chondrites, contained low levels of amino acids that were predominantly the straight chain, amino‐terminal (n‐ω‐amino) acids β‐alanine, and γ‐amino‐n‐butyric acid. This amino acid distribution is similar to what we reported previously for thermally altered ureilites and CV and CO chondrites, and these n‐ω‐amino acids appear to be indigenous to the meteorites and not the result of terrestrial contamination. The amino acids may have been formed by Fischer–Tropsch‐type reactions, although this hypothesis needs further testing.
An Experimental Comparison Of Directly And Indirectly Derived Modulation Transfer Functions
Authors: Yang Chia‐Hsiang , Wang Shue‐Chia , Shih Peter T. Y. , Lee Pei‐Shan , Liu Jeng‐Lun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe modulation transfer function (MTF) is the indicator most frequently used for image resolution assessment. Traditionally in photogrammetry, the MTF is directly estimated using specifically designed targets such as the USAF 1952 three‐bar resolution test target, but it can also be indirectly derived from the system degradation function known as the point‐spread function (PSF). Theoretically, MTF and PSF are related through a spatial–frequency domain transformation (a Fourier transformation), meaning the same attributes are expressed in different domains. When using real images, however, it is not clear whether these two functions produce the same result. In this study, both spatial and frequency domain approaches were experimentally compared through simulations. Results show that the MTF derived from the PSF has better accuracy than an MTF estimated directly from the resolution target.
Factors that influence sunscreen application thickness and potential preservative exposure
Authors: Novick Rachel , Anderson Grace , Miller Eric , Allgeier Daniel , Unice Ken 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackground/PurposeStudies have shown that individuals apply less than the 2 mg/cm2 lotion sunscreen needed to achieve the labeled SPF. However, there is little information regarding the application of spray and stick sunscreens. The objectives of this study were to measure the amount of sunscreen applied to skin by different application methods, to examine the relationship between application and demographic factors, and to evaluate the potential for sensitization from the preservative methylisothiazolinone (MI) in lotion sunscreens.MethodsFifty‐two participants applied lotion, spray, and stick sunscreen and answered a questionnaire. Lotion sunscreens were tested for MI content, and a margin of safety for the induction of skin sensitization was calculated.ResultsThe geometric means for the application thickness of lotion, spray, and stick sunscreens were 1.1, 1.6, and 0.35 mg/cm2, respectively. Several factors influenced sunscreen application thickness, including age and skin type. The MI concentration in tested sunscreen lotions ranged from <1 to 5.6 ppm, and likely MI exposures were below the threshold for induction of allergy (margin of safety > 8.1).ConclusionsIn this study, sunscreen users applied different amounts of sunscreen depending on the application method, affording different levels of sun protection. Typical use of the sunscreens is not likely to result in MI sensitization.
In vivo visualization of honeycomb pattern, cobblestone pattern, ringed pattern, and dermal papillae by confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Xiang W. , Peng J. , Song X. , Xu A. , Zhang D. , Liu J. , Bi Z. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundIn vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) represents a promising technique for noninvasive visualization of lesions. Honeycomb pattern, cobblestone pattern, ringed pattern and dermal papillae are terms commonly used to describe CLSM architectures. Understanding of these four terms individually or in combination on confocal images facilitates the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of skin diseases.MethodsSeventy‐eight patients and 5 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Their lesions were imaged with the VivaScope 1500 reflectance confocal microscope.ResultsConcerning these four terms mentioned above, they had different features in different skin diseases and played an important role in the understanding of skin diseases individually or in combination.ConclusionBy understanding the CLSM features of honeycomb pattern, cobblestone pattern, ringed pattern and dermal papillae individually or in combination, the findings support the roles of these characteristic architectures in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of skin diseases.
Mechanics of Hip Dysplasia Reduction in Infants With the Pavlik Harness Using Patient-Specific Geometry
Authors: Huayamave Victor , Rose Christopher , Zwawi Mohammed , Divo Eduardo , Moslehy Faissal , Kassab Alain , Price Charles 
Published: March 2015

A physics-based computational model of neonatal Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) following treatment with the Pavlik Harness was developed to obtain muscle force contribution in order to elucidate biomechanical factors influencing the reduction of dislocated hips. Clinical observation indicates that reduction occurs in deep sleep and involves passive muscle action. Consequently, a set of five (5) adductor muscles, namely, the Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Pectineus, and Gracilis were identified as mediators of reduction using the Pavlik Harness. A Fung-type model was used to characterize the hyperelastic stress-strain muscle response. Four grades (1–4) of dislocation as specified by the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) were considered. A three-dimensional model of the pelvis-femur-lower limb assembly of a representative 10 week-old female was generated based on CT scans of a 6-month and 14-year old female as well as the visible human project with the aid of anthropomorphic scaling of anatomical landmarks.
The muscle model was calibrated to achieve equilibrium at 90° flexion and 80° abduction. The hip was computationally dislocated according to the grade under investigation, the femur was restrained to move in an envelope consistent with Pavlik Harness restraints, and the dynamic response under passive muscle action and under the effect of gravity was resolved using the ADAMS solver in Solidworks.
Results of the current model with an anteversion angle of 50° show successful reduction IHDI Grades 1–3, while IHDI Grade 4 failed to reduce with the Pavlik Harness. These results are consistent with a previous study based on a simplified anatomically-consistent synthetic model and clinical reports of very low success of the Pavlik Harness for Grade 4. However, our model indicates that it is possible to achieve reduction of Grade 4 dislocation by hyperflexion. This finding is consistent with clinical procedures that utilize hyperflexion to help achieve reduction for patients with severe levels of DDH for whom the Pavlik Harness fails.
Stochastic Modeling of Crevice Corrosion With Emphasis on Titanium Alloys Modular Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Rajput Sandeep , Paliwal Manish 
Published: March 2015

Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V (ASTM F-136)) is typically used for modular hip implant stems. This highly corrosion resistant alloy forms passive surface oxide films spontaneously. However, with modular designs, micro-motion may occur at the taper junctions during mechanical loading.
Complex physical/chemical reactions take place which may result in pitting and crevice corrosion. Crevices between the taper junctions may allow the body fluids to enter and remain stagnant. These conditions make the modular tapers susceptible to fatigue and mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. When two or more surfaces are in close proximity, it leads to the creation of a locally blocked region in which enhanced dissolution may occur. The in vivo degradation of metal alloy implants compromises the structural integrity.
Stochastic modeling of crevice corrosion is performed based on the mechanism behind the phenomenon. Sensitivity analysis is performed, and conclusions drawn.
Non-Invasive Displacement Measurement of Lightweight Structures Under Dynamic Excitations
Authors: Kotek Lubos , Holub Michal , Vetiska Jan , Hadas Zdenek , Blecha Petr 
Published: March 2015

The present article deals with the processing of data obtained by non-invasive measurement methods of instantaneous displacement of lightweight structures. This data is necessary to evaluate tuning-up of characteristics of an electro-magnetic vibration energy harvester, which is used for energy harvesting from these ambient mechanical vibrations. The electro-magnetic vibration energy harvester is device for powering of low power consumption wireless sensors without any external source of energy. The primary source of energy is only mechanical vibrations in place of wireless sensor and the operation without primary batteries is required. These techniques of wireless measurement are commonly used in aeronautics applications. The knowledge of mechanical vibrations in place of wireless sensors with vibration energy harvester is used for development of vibration energy harvester design.
The major idea is to verify the use of non-invasive measurement using high-speed cameras with measurement obtained from the laser interferometer. The measurement using high-speed camera can provide very important information about resonance operation of the vibration energy harvester during the future development.
Geometry Assurance Integrating Process Variation With Simulation of Spring-In for Composite Parts and Assemblies
Authors: Jareteg Cornelia , Wärmefjord Kristina , Cromvik Christoffer , Söderberg Rikard , Lindkvist Lars , Carlson Johan , Larsson Stig , Edelvik Fredrik 
Published: March 2015

Geometrical variation and deviation in all manufacturing processes affect quality of the final product. Therefore geometry assurance is an important tool in the design phase of a new product. In the automotive and aviation industries where the use of composite parts is increasing drastically, new tools within variation simulations are needed.
Composite parts tend to deviate more from nominal specification compared to metal parts. Methods to simulate the manufacturing process of composites have been developed before. In this paper we present how to combine the process variation simulation of composites with traditional variation simulations.
The proposed method is demonstrated on a real complex subassembly, representing part of an aircraft wing-box. Since traditional variation simulation methods are not able to capture the spring-in and the special deviation behavior of composites, the proposed method adds a new feature and reliability to the geometry assurance process of composite assemblies.
Dynamics of Bladed Disks With Frictional Coupling and Alternate Mistuning Pattern
Authors: Tatzko Sebastian , von-Scheidt Lars Panning , Wallaschek Joerg 
Published: March 2015

In the field of turbo machinery design frictional coupling has been found to be a low cost method to increase the mechanical damping of bladed disks. Underplatform dampers (UPD’s) are commonly used which are metal devices pressed against the blades by centrifugal forces. The main task is to find the optimum value of the contact normal force to maximize energy dissipation. This optimum strongly depends on the excitation of the structure. Traveling waves are excited by engine order excitation and flutter. Flutter caused by fluid structure interaction can be reduced by intentional mistuning of the bladed disk whereas forced response levels will be typically increased by mistuning. A compromise is alternate mistuning.
The present paper deals with the influence of alternate mistuning on frictional coupling of blisks. Firstly, the dynamics of a tuned blisk are explained with a simplified lumped mass cyclic oscillator model. It is pointed out that eigenfrequencies of traveling waves around the blisk are influenced by structural coupling. Alternate mistuning leads to mode coupling with the possibility of energy transfer. The performance of friction coupling strongly depends on the nodal diameter mode shape of vibration which is stated analytically for pure Coulomb sliding contact. Following this, a simplified blisk model with underplatform dampers is developed to analyze alternate mistuning and frictional coupling. The simulation results show a significant influence of the mistuning on the damping performance.