bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional evaluation of a clinical decision support tool to identify medication‐related problems at discharge from the acute care setting
Authors: DiCristina Savanna , Turgeon Jacques , Michaud Veronique , Brunetti Luigi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are many reported pharmacist‐led transitions of care (TOC) programs to address medication‐related problems (MRP) at discharge from the acute care setting. Most have identified time and labor resources as significant limitations. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a medication risk score (MRS)‐driven clinical decision support system (CDSS) in identifying actionable MRPs and improving medication safety in the acute care discharge TOC setting.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted in a cohort of 481 subjects discharged from the acute care setting. The MRS‐CDSS was utilized to identify MRPs and provide recommendations for risk reduction. The distribution of MRPs, recommendations, and their associations with MRS severity were analyzed. Additionally, the potential reduction in MRS per subject and its correlation with MRS severity were examined.ResultsThe median MRS reduction per subject was 2 points, while high/severe‐risk patients showed a median potential reduction of 7 points. Among the identified MRPs (n = 691), drug interaction, drug use without indication, and adverse drug reaction accounted for 89.7% of all MRPs. The top three recommendations, discontinue medication, change the time of administration, and start alternative therapy, represented 94.1% of all recommendations. Stratified analysis by MRS category revealed a significant increase in adverse drug reaction MRPs and recommendations to discontinue medications with higher MRS severity. The results were consistent with previous outpatient studies, supporting the MRS‐CDSS's ability to enhance medication safety.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the MRS‐CDSS effectively identifies actionable MRPs and has the potential to substantially reduce overall pharmacotherapy regimen risk when applied during acute care discharge TOC. The findings support implementable recommendations directed at patient safety and the allocation of health care resources to high‐risk patients for maximum benefit.
Neuroimmune response and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex mediate seizure susceptibility in experimental colitis in male mice
Authors: Moradipoor Fahimeh , Jivad Nahid , Asgharzadeh Samira , Zare Ehsan , Amini‐Khoei Hossein 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses have a vital role in the pathophysiology of IBD as well as seizure. IBD is associated with extraintestinal manifestations. This study aimed to explore the relationship between colitis and susceptibility to seizures, with a focus on the roles of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in acetic acid‐induced colitis in mice. Forty male Naval Medical Research Institute mice were divided into four groups: control, colitis, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and colitis + PTZ. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of acetic acid, and seizures were induced by intravenous injection of PTZ 7 days postcolitis induction. Following the measurement of latency to seizure, the mice were killed, and their colons and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were dissected. Gene expression of inflammatory markers including interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, NOD‐like receptor protein 3, and toll‐like receptor 4, as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrite levels were measured in the colon and PFC. Histopathological evaluations were performed on the colon samples. Data were analyzed by t‐test or one‐way variance analysis. Colitis decreased latency to seizure, increased gene expression of inflammatory markers, and altered levels of MDA, nitrite, and TAC in both the colon and PFC. Simultaneous induction of colitis and seizure exacerbated the neuroimmune response and oxidative stress in the PFC and colon. Results concluded that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the PFC at least partially mediate the comorbid decrease in seizure latency in mice with colitis.
Seed morphology of 31 EuphorbiaL. species (Euphorbiaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic significance
Authors: Patterson Aysun , Karaismailoğlu Mehmet Cengiz , Küçüker Orhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper includes a comprehensive taxonomical study based on seed morphology of 31 Euphorbia L species from Türkiye. The studied Euphorbia taxa have been examined for morphological traits such as seed color, dimensions, surface ornamentation, cell wall structures, lipid granule presence, and caruncle shape and dimensions with Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereo microscopy to develop a better understanding of the basis of its species. The outcomes show that the species differ based on seed shape and color. The seed width dimensions are between 0.55 and 3.83 mm and the length dimensions are between 1.03 and 5.87 mm. Euphorbia lathyris, E. prostrata, and E. nutans are marked differently from the rest of the studied species based on their seed dimension. The seed surface ornamentation is classified into 12 different types: tuberculate, reticulate, areolate, colliculate, verrucate, alveolate, rugose, alveolate‐reticulate, slightly reticulate, reticulate‐areolate, pusticulate, and ruminate. The most common form is reticulate, found in eight species. The tuberculate (in E. helioscopia), areolate (in E. oblongata), slightly reticulate (in E. amygdaloides), and ruminate (in E. herniariifolia) ornamentation types are each characterized by only one species. The presence of lipid granules and anticlinal and periclinal cell walls disclose interspecific relationships within the examined taxa. Also, an identification key is offered for the studied species based on seed characters.Research Highlights
The seeds of Turkish Euphorbia species have been studied in depth.
The morphological characters of seeds of Turkish Euphorbia species have been examined utilizing SEM and light microscopy for the first time and discussed the taxonomic practice of these characteristics.
A dichotomous key containing seed morphological data has presented.
Binding characteristics of the doxepin E/Z‐isomers to the histamine H1 receptor revealed by receptor‐bound ligand analysis and molecular dynamics study
Authors: Kaneko Hiroto , Korenaga Ryunosuke , Nakamura Ryota , Kawai Shinnosuke , Ando Tadashi , Shiroishi Mitsunori 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDoxepin is an antihistamine and tricyclic antidepressant that binds to the histamine H1 receptor (H1R) with high affinity. Doxepin is an 85:15 mixture of the E‐ and Z‐isomers. The Z‐isomer is well known to be more effective than the E‐isomer, whereas based on the crystal structure of the H1R/doxepin complex, the hydroxyl group of Thr1123.37 is close enough to form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of the E‐isomer. The detailed binding characteristics and reasons for the differences remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed doxepin isomers bound to the receptor following extraction from a purified H1R protein complexed with doxepin. The ratio of the E‐ and Z‐isomers bound to wild‐type (WT) H1R was 55:45, indicating that the Z‐isomer was bound to WT H1R with an approximately 5.2‐fold higher affinity than the E‐isomer. For the T1123.37V mutant, the E/Z ratio was 89:11, indicating that both isomers have similar affinities. Free energy calculations using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations also reproduced the experimental results of the relative binding free energy differences between the isomers for WT and T1123.37V. Furthermore, MD simulations revealed that the hydroxyl group of T1123.37 did not form hydrogen bonds with the E‐isomer, but with the adjacent residues in the binding pocket. Analysis of the receptor‐bound doxepin and MD simulations suggested that the hydroxyl group of T1123.37 contributes to the formation of a chemical environment in the binding pocket, which is slightly more favorable for the Z‐isomer without hydrogen bonding with doxepin.
Associations between hospital‐level socioeconomic patient mix and rates of central line–associated bloodstream infections in short bowel syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gutierrez Susan A. , Chiou Sy Han , Raghu Vikram , Cole Conrad R. , Rhee Sue , Lai Jennifer C. , Wadhwani Sharad I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow neighborhood income is linked with increased hospitalizations for central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS). We assessed whether this relationship varies by hospital center.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (2018–2023) database for patients <18 years old with SBS (N = 1210) at 24 hospitals in the United States. Using 2015 US Census data, we determined the estimated median household income of each patient's zip code. Hospital‐level neighborhood income was defined as the median of the estimated median household income among patients at each hospital. We applied an extension of Cox regression to assess risk for CLABSI hospitalization.ResultsAmong 1210 children with 5255 hospitalizations, most were <1 year on initial admission (53%), male (58%), and publicly insured (69%). Hospitals serving low‐income neighborhoods served more female (46% vs 39%), Black (29% vs 22%), and Hispanic (22% vs 16%) patients with public insurance (72% vs 65%) residing in the southern United States (47% vs 21%). In univariate analysis, low hospital‐level neighborhood income was associated with increased risk of CLABSI hospitalization (rate ratio [RR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.21–1.83; P < 0.001). These findings persisted in multivariate analysis (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10–1.84; P < 0.01) after adjusting for race, ethnicity, insurance, region, and patient‐level neighborhood income.ConclusionHospitals serving predominantly low‐income neighborhoods bear a heavier burden of CLABSI hospitalizations for all their patients across the socioeconomic spectrum. Hospital initiatives focused on CLABSI prevention may be pivotal in addressing this disparity.
Comprehensive assessment of combined inorganic and organic fertilization strategies on cotton cultivation: implications for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Lin Shudong , Wang Quanjiu , Wei Kai , Zhao Xue , Tao Wanghai , Sun Yan , Su Lijun , Deng Mingjiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe integration of inorganic and organic fertilizers is increasingly being recommended to address the demand for sustainable cotton cultivation and to mitigate the ecological impacts of reliance on inorganic fertilizers. However, the nuanced effects of this combined fertilization approach on soil quality, cotton growth, yield, and their interaction mechanisms, remain unclear.METHODTo elucidate this, a 2‐year field trial (2022–2023) was conducted, incorporating five fertilization treatments: low inorganic fertilizer (BI1), high inorganic fertilizer (BI2), organic fertilizer (BO), combined low inorganic and organic fertilizer (BIO1), and combined high inorganic and organic fertilizer (BIO2). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of these treatments on soil quality, cotton growth, and yield.RESULTSThe results indicate that the BO treatment significantly enhanced plant height growth rate, and BIO1 treatment increased leaf area index and dry matter accumulation growth rate. Critical soil parameters such as alkali‐hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium emerged as pivotal determinants of soil quality over the trial period, corresponding to soil quality index (SQI) values of 0.482 and 0.478, and yields of 7506.19 kg ha−1 and 6788.02 kg ha−1, respectively. Water productivity reached optimum levels at SQI values of 0.461 and 0.462, with corresponding efficiencies of 13.31 kg (ha mm)−1 and 12.16 kg (ha mm)−1. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that integrating organic fertilizer with reduced inorganic fertilizer usage significantly boosts cotton yield by enhancing soil quality (path coefficient: 0.842).CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, this integrated fertilization strategy not only improves soil health but also increases agricultural productivity. It presents a promising approach for optimizing crop yields while fostering sustainable agricultural practices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pulsed light processing of sugarcane juice: quality evaluation and microbial load assessment
Authors: Jayachandran Lakshmi E , O J Sujayasree , Pulissery Sudheer Kundukulangara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFreshly extracted sugarcane juice is an ideal substrate for microbial fermentation and browning reactions. The present study is the first report on the potential of pulsed light (PL) processing in improving microbial stability with the retention of major bioactive. PL processing at different levels of voltage (2.1–2.7 kV) and number of pulses (100–200) was explored. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of PL processing on the quality of sugarcane juice, bioactive composition and microbial load.RESULTSThe microbial load, such as aerobic mesophiles, yeast and mold, and total coliform, was reduced to below 1 log colony‐forming units mL−1 in juice samples subjected to intense PL treatment at 2.7 kV. The maximum value of the total color difference of the sugarcane juice was below 4.0, even at extreme levels of PL process parameters. In comparison with the unprocessed juice, the reduction in total phenols (Folin ciocalteu reagent assay) and the total antioxidant capacity (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay) was limited to 6% and 16.7%, respectively, when treated at 2.7 kV/200 pulses. The pH and total soluble solids of the juice remained unaffected in all the processed samples. Among the process parameters considered, the treatment voltage was found to significantly affect the quality parameters and microbial load.CONCLUSIONPL processing at 2.1 kV/170 pulses gave an optimally processed juice with a microbial load below the permissible limit and desirability value of 0.77. The results suggest that the PL treatment is effective for enhancing the microbial stability and maintaining the bioactive components of the sugarcane juice. Furthermore, the outcomes from the present study are expected to pave the way for further in‐depth investigation of the effect of PL treatment on the critical quality attributes and shelf life of sugarcane juice. The technology will be useful for adoption by different stakeholders, including manufacturers and retailers in the food processing sector. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography for distinguishing basal cell carcinoma from dermal nevus: A case report
Authors: Winkler Deborah , Desch Anna , Mireles Martha Paola , Welzel Julia , Schuh Sandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin cancer with a rising incidence. It can imitate benign lesions for example, dermal nevus clinically and dermoscopically. Both entities show specific morphologic features in line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The aim was to differentiate both lesions via noninvasive imaging to prevent unnecessary surgery. A 63‐year‐old woman presented with a light brownish nodule on the left cheek and a brownish nodule on the right nasal slope/cheek, which were both evident since a few months. The clinical and dermoscopic appearance of both lesions was very similar including the differential diagnosis of a dermal nevus or BCC. Dynamic OCT of the lesion on the left cheek showed multiple hyporeflective nodules in the dermis with hypervascularization. Using LC‐OCT several hyporeflective round to ovoid nodules with hyporeflective clefting embedded in a hyperreflective surrounding connective tissue could be observed. These specific morphological criteria called millefeuille pattern led to the diagnosis of a nodular BCC. The lesion of the right cheek presented with a thickened epidermis and elongated rete ridges in dynamic OCT. Upon LC‐OCT examination a so‐called large wave like pattern presenting as undulating hyporeflective and hyperreflective lobular structures could be identified. Therefore, the diagnosis of a dermal nevus was made. Both lesions were identified correctly as confirmed histopathologically after shave excision. Since BCC can imitate benign lesions for example, dermal nevi, the use of OCT and LC‐OCT can facilitate the identification of BCC and its imitators. Noninvasive imaging can help to avoid unnecessary biopsy especially in areas where the skin is vulnerable to punch biopsy.
Effect of vegetation introduction versus natural recovery on topsoil properties in the dried Aral Sea bed
Authors: Kim Gaeun , Ahn Jieun , Chang Hanna , An Jiae , Khamzina Asia , Kim Gwangeun , Son Yowhan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDesiccation of the Aral Sea has resulted in the emergence of vast saline and flat terrains, jeopardizing human health and agricultural activities because of sand and dust storms. Vegetation, mainly indigenous Haloxylon species, has been introduced to ameliorate the soil. As a critical indicator of rehabilitation, the physicochemical properties of soil after the introduction of vegetation remain poorly understood. This study examined (1) the changes in topsoil properties after vegetation establishment based on a 30‐year chronosequence and employed (2) site comparisons of topsoil properties between two cases of natural versus introduced vegetation on a dried Aral Sea bed. Twelve paired areas that were naturally or artificially vegetated during 1990, 2000, 2005, 2008, 2013, and 2017 were selected for examination. Irrespective of vegetation type, increases in organic matter and nutrients (TOC >90%, TN >143%, and P2O5 >23%) were detected in the surface soil (0–10 cm) along the 30‐year chronosequence. In addition, decreases in ECe (92% and 69%), CEC (41% and 11%), Ca2+ (38% and 12%), and TIC (81% and 11%) were observed in both natural and introduced vegetation, respectively. The introduced vegetation was associated with a slightly greater accumulation of soil K+ and TN than the natural vegetation. Our results indicate vegetation‐derived nutrient and organic matter accumulation as well as the possible removal of salts by root exudates in the surface soil. Overall, vegetation contributed to soil amelioration, with similar effects observed at naturally and artificially vegetated sites.
Photosynthetic processes in Antarctic sea ice during the spring melt
Authors: Young Jodi N. , Rundell Susan , Cooper Zachary S. , Dawson Hannah M. , Carpenter Shelly D. , Ryan‐Keogh Thomas , Rowland Elden , Bertrand Erin M. , Deming Jody W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh‐latitude oceans experience strong seasonality where low light limits photosynthetic activity most of the year. This limitation is pronounced for algae within and underlying sea ice, and these algae are uniquely acclimated to low light levels. During spring melt, however, light intensity and daylength increase drastically, triggering blooms of ice algae that play important roles in carbon cycling and ecosystem productivity. How the algae acclimate to this dynamic and heterogeneous environment is poorly understood. Here, we measured 14C‐carbon fixation rates, photophysiology, and ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) content of sea‐ice algae in coastal waters near the western Antarctic Peninsula during spring, ranging from a low‐light‐acclimated, bottom community to a light‐saturated bloom. Carbon fixation rates by sea‐ice algae were similar to other Antarctic sea‐ice measurements (2–49 mg C m−2 d−1), and there was little phytoplankton biomass in the underlying water at the time of sampling. Net‐to‐gross ratios of carbon fixation were generally high and showed no relationship with ice type. We found algal photophysiology and Rubisco concentrations varied in relation to the different types of ice, altering the balance between the photochemical and biochemical processes that constrain carbon fixation rates. For algae inhabiting the bottom layers of sea ice, rates of carbon fixation were largely constrained by light availability whereas in surface seawater, interior and rotten/brash ice, carbon fixation rates could be calculated with reasonable accuracy from measurements of Rubisco concentrations. This work provides additional insight and means to evaluate carbon fixation rates as sea ice continues to change in future.
Usual care for low back pain and barriers to best practice: A cross‐sectional study in Danish general practice
Authors: Arnbak Bodil Al‐Mashhadi , Jensen Tue Secher , Lund Rikke Arnborg , Hartvigsen Jan , Søndergaard Jens , Thomsen Janus Laust , Andersen John Sahl , Møller Anne , Nørgaard Birgitte , Rossen Camilla Blach , Kongsted Alice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the current content of low back pain (LBP) care in Danish general practice, the patients' self‐management activities, and the clinicians' experienced barriers to providing best practice care.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study included adults with LBP seeking care in Danish general practice from August 2022 to June 2023. Patient‐reported information included demographics, pain intensity, medical history, treatments, and self‐management strategies. Clinicians provided data specific to each consultation, detailing the content of these consultations, and barriers to best practice in the specific cases.ResultsThe study involved 71 clinicians from 42 general practice clinics, with patient‐reported data from 294 patients, and clinician‐reported data from 283 (95%) consultations. The mean age for the included patients was 53 years, 56% were female, and 31% had been on sick leave for LBP during the previous 3 months. Moreover, 44% had seen two or more healthcare professionals in the previous month, 55% had previously undergone diagnostic imaging for LBP, 81% reported using any type of analgesics, and 14% reported using opioids. The majority (91%) reported engaging in self‐management activities to alleviate pain. Consultations typically included a physical examination (84%), information about the cause of the pain (74%), and management advice (68%), as reported by clinicians or patients. In general, clinicians reported consultation elements more frequently than patients. Clinicians reported providing best practice care in 84% of cases, with time constraints (23%) and patient expectations (10%) being the most common barriers.ConclusionsThis study provides detailed insights into the management of LBP in Danish general practice. It reveals a complex landscape of patient engagement, varying management strategies, and differing perceptions of care content between patients and clinicians. Patients were often engaged in self‐management activities and clinicians reported few barriers to providing best practice care.