bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of peptidyl-arginine deiminases reverses protein-hypercitrullination and disease in mouse models of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Moscarello Mario A. , Lei Helena , Mastronardi Fabrizio G. , Winer Shawn , Tsui Hubert , Li Zhen , Ackerley Cameron , Zhang Li , Raijmakers Reinout , Wood D. Denise 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common CNS-demyelinating disease of humans, showing clinical and pathological heterogeneity and a general resistance to therapy. We first discovered that abnormal myelin hypercitrullination, even in normal appearing white matter, by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) correlates strongly with disease severity and might have an important role in MS progression. Hypercitrullination is known to promote focal demyelination through reduced myelin compaction. Here we report that 2-chloroacetamidine (2CA) a small-molecule, PAD active-site inhibitor, dramatically attenuates disease at any stage in independent neurodegenerative as well as autoimmune MS mouse models. 2CA reduced PAD activity and protein citrullination to pre-disease status. In the autoimmune models, disease induction uniformly induced spontaneous hypercitrullination with citrulline+ epitopes targeted frequently. 2CA rapidly suppressed T cell autoreactivity, clearing brain and spinal cord infiltrates, through selective removal of newly activated T cells. 2CA essentially prevented disease when administered before disease onset or before autoimmune induction, making hypercitrullination and specifically PAD enzymes a therapeutic target in MS models and thus possibly MS.
Asymmetric Bis(alkoxycarbonylation) Reaction of Cyclic Olefins Catalyzed by Palladium in the Presence of Copper(I) Triflate
Authors: Aratani Takahiro , Tahara Kenji , Takeuchi Susumu , Kitamura Satoko , Murai Moemi , Fujinami Shuhei , Inomata Katsuhiko , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric bis(alkoxycarbonylation) reaction of 1,2-dihydronaphthalenes and related cyclic olefins in the presence of copper(I) triflate was achieved by using a chiral bioxazoline ligand under normal pressure of carbon monoxide and oxygen to give the corresponding optically active cis-dicarboxylates with enantioselectivities up to 94% ee. An asymmetric intra- and intermolecular bis(alkoxycarbonylation) reaction of a prochiral diol possessing dihydronaphthalene skeleton also proceeded enantioselectively by an appropriate selection of the substituent of bioxazoline ligand. The carbonylation product derived from 8-methoxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene was applied to the synthesis of a biologically active hexahydrobenz[e]isoindole derivative.
Fluorescent Tin(IV) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Fluorescence Lifetime
Authors: Takano Kentaro , Takahashi Masayuki , Fukushima Takaaki , Takezaki Makoto , Tominaga Toshihiro , Akashi Haruo , Takagi Hideaki , Shibahara Takashi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Eleven Schiff base tin(IV) complexes of the type [SnCl3(L)] (HL: Schiff base) were synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and their properties were investigated. The Schiff bases are prepared from aldehydes with a benzene or a naphthalene ring and 8-aminoquinoline or its derivatives. The complexes adopt geometries close to octahedral, with three chloride ions coordinated meridionally. Eight of the eleven tin complexes show fluorescence in DMSO, and the emission range from bluish green to orange (λmax: 492–545 nm). Two solid tin complexes are fluorescent, although they are not in DMSO, and one tin complex is not fluorescent even in the solid state. The fluorescence quantum yields (Φf) of the complexes depend very much on the ligands (Φf = 0.21–0.022). The fluorescence lifetimes (τ = 0.49–1.76 ns) were measured and the results will be discussed. DFT calculation (B3LYP/Sn, LanL2DZ; others, 6-31G**) shows that the order of the magnitudes of HOMO–LUMO gaps is consonant with that of the emission wavelengths (λmax) of the complexes. All the cyclic voltammograms of the Schiff base ligands and the complexes exhibited irreversible waves and these results suggest that the reduction products of the ligands and the complexes were unstable under the time scale in CV measurements (0.1 V s−1). Relatively good correlation was observed between reduction potentials in DMSO and the energies of LUMO.
Pd0-Mediated Rapid C-[18F]Fluoromethylation by the Cross-Coupling Reaction of a [18F]Fluoromethyl Halide with an Arylboronic Acid Ester: Novel Method for the Synthesis of a 18F-Labeled Molecular Probe for Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Doi Hisashi , Goto Miki , Suzuki Masaaki 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Pd0-Mediated C-[18F]fluoromethylation of pinacolborane-substituted benzoate 1 and [18F]FCH2X (X = Br or I) has been carried out with a focus on the rapid incorporation of a [18F]fluoromethyl group into an aryl carbon framework. The reaction of 1 and [18F]FCH2I under the conditions of [Pd2(dba)3]/P(o-CH3C6H5)3 (1:6) and K2CO3 in DMF at 65 °C for 5 min afforded the [18F]fluoromethylated benzoate [18F]-2 in 23% HPLC analytical yield. The coupling efficiency was significantly enhanced by the reaction of 1 and [18F]FCH2Br under the conditions of [Pd2(dba)3]/P(o-tolyl)3 (1:6) and K2CO3 in DMPU:H2O (9:1) at 120 °C within 15 min to afford [18F]-2 in 64% HPLC analytical yield (up to 86% HPLC analytical yield when strictly controlling the reaction temperature with ±3 °C accuracy) and 66% decay-corrected isolated yield based on [18F]FCH2Br. The total synthesis time starting from the production of 18F− in the cyclotron was 88 min. The reaction was extended to various aryl compounds.
N,N-Di- and N,N,C-Trialkylation of α-Sulfoximino Esters
Authors: Hata Shingo , Maeda Tatsuya , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
N,N-Dialkylation of α-sulfoximino esters with Grignard reagents proceeds to give α-N,N-dialkylamino esters. N,N,C-Trialkylated product is also obtained via the oxidation and nucleophilic addition reaction of the intermediary enolate.
Application of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Xing Wu , Wang Xiaoyi , Xie Fangfang , Liao Weihua 
Published: November 2012

Background Accurately locating the epileptogenic focus in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is important in clinical practice. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) have been widely used in the lateralization of TLE, but both have limitations. Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging can accurately and reliably reflect differences in cerebral blood flow and volume. Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the lateralization of the epileptogenic focus in TLE. Material and Methods Conventional MRI and DSC-MRI scanning was performed in 20 interictal cases of TLE and 20 healthy volunteers. The relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the bilateral mesial temporal lobes of the TLE cases and healthy control groups were calculated. The differences in the perfusion asymmetry indices (AIs), derived from the rCBV and rCBF of the bilateral mesial temporal lobes, were compared between the two groups. Results In the control group, there were no statistically significant differences between the left and right sides in terms of rCBV (left 1.55±0.32, right 1.57±0.28) or rCBF (left 99.00±24.61, right 100.38±23.46) of the bilateral mesial temporal lobes. However, in the case group the ipsilateral rCBV and rCBF values (1.75±0.64 and 96.35±22.63, respectively) were markedly lower than those of the contralateral side (2.01± 0.79 and 108.56±26.92; P < 0.05). Both the AI of the rCBV (AIrCBV; 13.03±10.33) and the AI of the rCBF (AIrCBF; 11.24±8.70) of the case group were significantly higher than that of the control group (AIrCBV 5.55± 3.74, AIrCBF 5.12±3.48; P < 0.05). The epileptogenic foci of nine patients were correctly lateralized using the 95th percentile of the AIrCBV and AIrCBF of the control group as the normal upper limits. Conclusion In patients with TLE interictal, both rCBV and rCBF of the ipsilateral mesial temporal lobe were markedly lower than that of healthy control subjects. DSC-MRI can provide lateralization for TLE.
The use of a novel method of endovenous steam ablation in treatment of great saphenous vein insufficiency: own experiences
Authors: Mlosek R K , Woźniak W , Gruszecki L , Stapa R Z 
Published: November 2012

Objective Endovascular procedures are gaining more and more popularity as treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of steam GSV ablation. Methods Steam ablation using the steam vein sclerosis system (CERMA, France) was performed in 20 patients with GSV incompetence. The efficacy of the procedure was evaluated using ultrasound and the following parameters were assessed: changes in lumen diameter, GSV wall thickness, reflux and presence/absence of blood flow. Results The GSV steam ablation resulted in the obliteration of the vein lumen in all patients – reflux or blood flow were not observed in any subject. A significant decrease of GSV lumen diameter and an increase of GSV wall thickness were also observed in all subjects following the procedure. No postoperative complications were noted. The steam ablation technique was also positively assessed by the patients. Conclusions Steam ablation is an endovascular surgical technique, which can become popular and widely used due to its efficacy and safety. It is also easy to use and patient-friendly. The research on its use should be continued.
Relationship between circulating endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes: a novel paradigm of early atherosclerosis in high-risk young patients
Authors: Głowińska-Olszewska Barbara , Moniuszko Marcin , Hryniewicz Andrzej , Jeznach Marta , Rusak Małgorzata , Dąbrowska Milena , Łuczyński Włodzimierz , Bodzenta-Łukaszyk Anna , Bossowski Artur 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveThe low number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has emerged as a biomarker of cardiovascular (CV) risk in adults. Data regarding EPCs in paediatric populations with CV risk factors are limited. The aim of the study was to estimate the EPC number and its relationship with vascular function and structure in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Design and methodsWe performed a comparative analysis of 52 children with T1DM (mean age 14.5 years; diabetes duration, 6.0 years; HbA1c level, 8.5%) and 36 healthy age- and gender-matched control children. EPCs were identified and analysed by flow cytometry with the use of MABs directed against CD34, CD144 (VE-cadherin) and CD309 (VEGFR-2). sICAM-1, hsCRP, thrombomodulin and adiponectin levels were also assessed. We evaluated vascular function (flow-mediated dilation (FMD)) and structure (carotid intima–media thickness (IMT)) ultrasonographically.ResultsFrequencies of CD34+ cells were similar in both groups (P=0.30). In contrast, frequencies of CD34+VE-cadherin+ cells were significantly higher in diabetic children compared with the healthy group (P=0.003). Similarly, diabetic patients tended to present with higher frequencies of CD34+VEGFR+ cells (P=0.06). FMD was lower (6.9 vs 10.5%, P=0.002) and IMT was higher (0.50 vs 0.44 mm, P=0.0006) in diabetic children. We demonstrated a significant relationship between CD34+VEGFR-2+ cells and BMI (r=0.3, P=0.014), HDL (r=−0.27, P=0.04), sICAM-1 (r=0.47, P=0.023) and FMD (r=−0.45, P<0.001). Similarly, frequencies of CD34+VE-cadherin+ cells were significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.32, P=0.02) and FMD (r=−0.31, P=0.03).ConclusionsWe demonstrated here that increased frequencies of EPCs observed in diabetic children are negatively correlated with endothelial function. Further studies are warranted to assess whether this phenomenon might result from effective mobilisation of EPCs in order to repair damaged endothelium in children at increased risk for atherosclerosis.
Predicting yields of short‐rotation hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) for the United States through model–data synthesis
Authors: Wang Dan , LeBauer David , Dietze Michael 
Published: November 2012

Hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) is an important biomass crop being evaluated for cellulosic ethanol production. Predictions of poplar growth, rotation period, and soil carbon sequestration under various growing conditions, soils, and climates are critical for farmers and managers planning to establish short‐rotation forestry (SRF) plantations. In this study, we used an ecoinformatics workflow, the Predictive Ecosystem Analyzer (PEcAn), to integrate literature data and field measurements into the Ecosystem Demography 2 (ED2) model to estimate yield potential of poplar plantations. Within PEcAn 164 records of seven different traits from the literature were assimilated using a Bayesian meta‐analysis. Next, variance decomposition identified seven variables for further constraint that contributed >80% to the uncertainty in modeled yields: growth respiration, dark respiration, quantum efficiency, mortality coefficient, water conductance, fine‐root allocation, and root turnover rate. Assimilation of observed yields further constrained uncertainty in model parameters (especially dark respiration and root turnover rate) and biomass estimates. Additional measurements of growth respiration, mortality, water conductance, and quantum efficiency would provide the most efficient path toward further constraint of modeled yields.Modeled validation demonstrated that ED2 successfully captured the interannual and spatial variability of poplar yield observed at nine independent sites. Site‐level analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of land use change to SRF poplar on soil C sequestration compared to alternate land uses. These suggest that poplar plantations became a C sink within 18 years of conversion from corn production or existing forest. Finally, poplar yields were estimated for the contiguous United States at a half degree resolution in order to determine potential productivity, estimate the optimal rotation period, and compare poplar to perennial grass yields. This regional projection suggests that poplar yield varies considerably with differences in soil and climate, reaching as much as 18 Mg·ha−1·yr−1 in eastern, southern, and northwest regions. In New England, the upper Midwest, and northern California, yields are predicted to exceed those of the highly productive C4 perennial grass, Miscanthus. In these poplar‐productive regions, 4–11 year rotations give the highest potential yields. In conclusion, poplar plantations are predicted to have a high yield potential across a wide range of climates and soils and could be sustainable in soil C sequestration.
Fracture Stimulate and Effectively Prop Fracs: The Conductivity Challenges of Liquids Production from Ultralow-Permeability Formations
Authors: McDaniel B. W. , Weaver J. D. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A proliferation of massive new resource rock (shale) gas fields has come on-stream in the past several years. This has significantly increased gas production and, along with an economic slowdown globally, these factors have combined to create a gas glut in North America and a corresponding fall of gas prices. The industry response to these very low prices has been to reduce the number of rigs drilling for gas; many have been redeployed to several promising new (or reinvented) liquids producing "shale" fields, including gas shales making condensate, as well as traditional very low permeability oil formations.
The development of a new completion approach quickly transformed the low-permeability sector of gas and oil well completions—drill a long (flat and straight) lateral section through the heart of the reservoir and then complete with transverse hydraulic fracture stimulations at several points along the lateral, just as if each point (perforation set) were an independent vertical well location (i.e., the Shale Completion Model).
The industry also adopted as its primary horizontal completion technique a process called "perf-and-plug," in which pumpdown plugs are used with attached multifire perforating guns. At least three and often up to seven separate intervals are perforated and simultaneously fracture stimulated, adding potential challenges to effectively place proppant into all fractures and achieve or maintain near-wellbore (NWB) conductivity. Today’s drilling is now focusing on liquids plays, which make effective fracture conductivity far more important. The ways in which more conductivity can be delivered need to be revisited, be it with additives, proppant selection, or design approach.
This paper reviews fracturing state-of-the-art methods for ultralow-permeability liquids-producing reservoirs and shows how fracture conductivity and economic optimization can be better achieved.
Shale Permeability Measurements on Plugs and Crushed Samples
Authors: Tinni Ali , Fathi Ebrahim , Agarwal Rajiv , Sondergeld Carl , Akkutlu Yucel , Rai Chandra 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The economic viability of a shale play is strongly dependent on permeability which is often on the order of nanodarcies. Permeabilities are measured on core plugs or crushed samples using unsteady state techniques. However, the resultant permeabilities are the sources of controversy, because of the inconsistency in the permeability values produced with different techniques and different laboratories. In this research we evaluated the experimental factors which could influence permeability measurements with the GRI technique, and also present some permeability measurements on shale plugs.
To evaluate the GRI permeability measurement technique on crushed rock, we investigated the effect of particle size, sieving of the crushed samples, pore pressure, different gases, and initial state of the measurement apparatus. The measured crushed shale permeabilities display a dependency on all these parameters. However, the particle size and the pore pressure appear to be the more important factors. This makes the reported values strongly dependent on the exact measurement procedure. This study was complemented by the imaging of crushed shale samples with a micro-CT scanner. These images showed the presence of microcracks even in samples as small as the recommended GRI particle size (~0.7mm).
The permeabilities of several Devonian and Ordovician age shale plugs were measured with a pressure build up technique using nitrogen as flowing gas. A permeability decrease by an order of magnitude was generally observed for the Ordovician shale plugs with an increase of confining pressure from 1000 to 5000 psi. For the same Ordovician shale, the permeability anisotropy was found to be close to 2 orders of magnitude.The permeability of the Devonian shale plugs decreased by a maximum of 3 orders of magnitude over the range of confining pressure. For most shales, the confining pressure dependency of permeability is driven by cracks which is confirmed by a fit to Walsh’s crack permeability model. However, we also noticed that it is possible to close the cracks contained in some plugs and obtain a value more representative of matrix permeability.
Acidizing—Lessons from the Past and New Opportunities
Authors: Taylor Robert , Fyten Glen C. , McNeil Fraser 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The Canadian energy sector pioneered and developed industry-leading oil- and liquids-rich reservoir acidizing technology. This involved new acid additive chemistry and completion techniques. However, many of the newer technical professionals in the industry have not been exposed to this technology. The first section of this paper outlines acidizing technology, with a focus on application to current new opportunities.
Many of the current oil- and liquids-rich plays involve naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs. Acid treatments designed to enhance the conductivity of the existing fracture system can provide more-effective reservoir drainage than proppant fracturing treatments. The second section of this paper discusses how new placement techniques can offer more-effective zonal isolation while reducing completion time and associated costs, and how acid pre-pads can also reduce breakdown pressures and help minimize near-wellbore (NWB) tortuosity effects in many shale and sandstone reservoirs.
Incorporating Geomechanical and Dynamic Hydraulic Fracture Property Changes into Rate-Transient Analysis: Example from the Haynesville Shale
Authors: Clarkson C. R. , Qanbari F. , Nobakht M. , Heffner L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
It is well-known that many unconventional reservoirs experience porosity and permeability changes with pressure change during production. In recent work, authors have incorporated geomechanical modeling into production analysis procedures to account for stress-sensitivity of permeability of unconventional gas reservoirs, such as shale gas. Such corrections are necessary for deriving both accurate estimates of reservoir and hydraulic fracture properties from rate-transient analysis and for developing accurate long-term forecasts.
Some shale gas reservoirs are unique in that dynamic changes may occur in both the induced hydraulic fracture AND matrix permeability, which could have a substantial impact on shale gas productivity. Stress-dependence of shale gas permeability has been quantified in the lab by several researchers, but measurements of this kind for propped or unpropped fractures under in-situ conditions are less routinely measured. For the latter, a variety of mechanisms, caused in part or wholly by stress changes in the induced hydraulic fracture, could lead to conductivity changes.
In the current work, we investigate the impact of both stress-dependent matrix permeability and fracture conductivity changes on 1) rate-transient signatures and 2) derived reservoir and hydraulic fracture properties. Stress-dependent matrix permeability is incorporated into rate-transient analysis using modified pseudopressure and pseudotime formulations, and fracture conductivity changes are approximated by applying a time-dependent (dynamic) skin effect.
We demonstrate that when rate-transient analysis incorporates both matrix permeability changes and dynamic skin, the resulting rate-transient signature looks very similar to other shale plays (long-term transient linear flow). Uncorrected data appear to have a very short transient linear flow period, followed by apparent boundary-dominated flow. The impact of the applied corrections on estimates of system permeability and fracture half-length is demonstrated as is the impact on production forecasts.