bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic forces impact larval fish drift in the free flowing section of a large European river
Authors: Lechner Aaron , Keckeis Hubert , Schludermann Elisabeth , Humphries Paul , McCasker Nicole , Tritthart Michael 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTDispersal of fluvial freshwater fish larvae occurs commonly in heavily regulated rivers. Studies increasingly indicate that drifting young fish have an active component to their movement and so are capable of coping with the dynamic hydraulic forces typical of rivers. We investigated hydraulic–drift relationships of the young stages of fish over one breeding season along a gravel shore of the Austrian Danube using stationary drift nets from the first occurrence until the end of the seasonal peak (April–June 2008). Observed densities of families and developmental stages were related to the hydraulic parameters flow velocity (in three spatial directions), turbulent kinetic energy and water depth, derived from a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model of the sampling site. We detected distinct responses of drifting young fish to several hydro‐physical factors under conditions (low light level, over‐critical currents), which were considered to cause washouts and passive drift. In general, drift densities decreased with water depth and flow velocity. Weak swimmers (e.g. bull head Cottus gobio and early‐stage cyprinid larvae) avoided turbulent flows, as their abilities to orientate and hold position may be limited. Early larval as well as early juvenile stages of cyprinids used lateral currents directing to the bank, potentially to drop out of the flow and reach inshore areas. Our study indicates that there are family‐specific and stage‐specific responses to hydraulic variables and that fish actively disperse, probably to minimize mortality and maximize successful dispersal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrophilic Cucurbit[7]uril‐Pseudorotaxane‐Anchored‐Monolayer‐Protected Gold Nanorods
Authors: Ma Xiang , Xue Yuhua , Dai Liming , Urbas Augustine , Li Quan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCucurbit[n]uril‐based rotaxane or pseudorotaxane devices connected to gold electrode surfaces and spherical gold nanoparticles have previously been developed. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of gold nanorods (GNRs) protected by a hydrophilic cucurbit[7]uril‐based‐pseudorotaxane anchored monolayer. The resulting GNRs decorated with both cucurbit[7]uril‐based pseudorotaxane disulfide and sodium thioctate on their entire surface through covalent S–Au linkages are water‐soluble as well as stable in both solution and the solid state.
Response to the Comment on “Crystallographic Space Group Choice and Its Chemical Consequences: Revised Crystal Structure of [Fe(phen)2Cl2]NO3”
Authors: Biswas Bhaskar , Tsai Hui‐Lien , Garcia Yann , Kole Niranjan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSpace group assignment based on single‐crystal X‐ray data is a difficult task when solvated complexes are concerned. The crystal structure reported by Lutz et al. concerns a solvated form of our complex [Fe(phen)2Cl2]NO3. Loss of solvent molecules was prevented by the much lower temperature used for recording X‐ray diffraction data. Great care should be taken during crystal analysis, especially depending on whether it has been performed under solvent‐free or in solvated conditions.
Constraints on the composition of the Aleutian arc lower crust from VP/VS
Authors: Shillington Donna J. , Van Avendonk Harm J. A. , Behn Mark D. , Kelemen Peter B. , Jagoutz Oliver 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDetermining the bulk composition of island arc lower crust is essential for distinguishing between competing models for arc magmatism and assessing the stability of arc lower crust. We present new constraints on the composition of high P‐wave velocity (VP = 7.3–7.6 km/s) lower crust of the Aleutian arc from best‐fitting average lower crustal VP/VS ratio using sparse converted S‐waves from an along‐arc refraction profile. We find a low VP/VS of ~1.7–1.75. Using petrologic modeling, we show that no single composition is likely to explain the combination of high VP and low VP/VS. Our preferred explanation is a combination of clinopyroxenite (~50–70%) and alpha‐quartz bearing gabbros (~30–50%). This is consistent with Aleutian xenoliths and lower crustal rocks in obducted arcs, and implies that ~30–40% of the full Aleutian crust comprises ultramafic cumulates. These results also suggest that small amounts of quartz can exert a strong influence on VP/VS in arc crust.
Obscurins: Unassuming giants enter the spotlight
Authors: Perry Nicole A. , Ackermann Maegen A. , Shriver Marey , Hu Li‐Yen R. , Kontrogianni‐Konstantopoulos Aikaterini 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDiscovered about a decade ago, obscurin (∼720 kDa) is a member of a family of giant proteins expressed in striated muscle that are essential for normal muscle function. Much of what we understand about obscurin stems from its functions in cardiac and skeletal muscle. However, recent evidence has indicated that variants of obscurin (“obscurins”) are expressed in diverse cell types, where they contribute to distinct cellular processes. Dysfunction or abrogation of obscurins has also been implicated in the development of several pathological conditions, including cardiac hypertrophy and cancer. Herein, we present an overview of obscurins with an emphasis on novel findings that demonstrate their heretofore‐unsuspected importance in cell signaling and disease progression. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(6):479–486, 2013.
Multisite quantitative ultrasound for the prediction of fractures over 5 years of follow-up: The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Olszynski Wojciech P , Brown Jacques P , Adachi Jonathan D , Hanley David A , Ioannidis George , Davison Kenneth S ,   the CaMos Research Group
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the ability of multisite quantitative ultrasound (mQUS) to predict fracture over a 5-year follow-up. Participants were a subset of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. mQUS-assessed speed of sound (SOS in m/s) at three sites (distal radius, tibia, and phalanx) and extensive questionnaires were completed, after which participants were followed for 5 years and incident fractures recorded. Two survival analyses were completed for each site—a univariate analysis and an adjusted multivariate analysis controlling for age, antiresorptive use, femoral neck bone mineral density, number of diseases, previous fractures, body mass index (BMI), parental history of hip fracture, current smoking, current alcoholic drinks &gt;3 per day, current use of glucocorticoids, and rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis (variables from the FRAX 10-year fracture risk assessment tool). The unit of change for regression analyses was one standard deviation for all measurement sites, specific to site and sex. Separate analyses were completed for all clinical fractures, nonvertebral fractures, and hip fractures by sex. There were 2633 women and 1108 men included, and they experienced 204 incident fractures over 5 years (5.5% fractured). Univariate models revealed statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05) predictive ability of mQUS for all three measurement sites for women alone for all three fracture types (one standard deviation decrease in SOS was associated with a 52% to 130% increase in the risk of fracture), but not for the men's group. The adjusted model found that measures at the distal radius and tibia in the women's group could significantly (p &lt; 0.05) predict all clinical fractures and nonvertebral fractures within the next 5 years (one standard deviation decrease in SOS was associated with a 25% to 31% increase in the risk of fracture). mQUS provided significant 5-year clinical fracture prediction in women, independent of bone mineral density and other significant risk factors for fracture, when measured at the distal radius and tibia sites.
The induction of cardiac ornithine decarboxylase by β2‐adrenergic agents is associated with calcium channels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2
Authors: López‐Contreras Andrés J. , de la Morena Maria Eugenia , Ramos‐Molina Bruno , Lambertos Ana , Cremades Asunción , Peñafiel Rafael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe role that the induction of cardiac ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, by beta‐adrenergic agents may have in heart hypertrophy is a controversial issue. Besides, the signaling pathways related to cardiac ODC regulation have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that in Balb C mice the stimulation of cardiac ODC activity by adrenergic agents was mainly mediated by β2‐adrenergic receptors, and that this induction was lower in the hypertrophic heart. Interestingly, this stimulation was abolished by the L‐calcium channel antagonists verapamil and nifedipine. In addition, whereas the treatment with β2‐adrenergic agents was associated to both the increases in ODC, ODC‐antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1), c‐fos and c‐myc mRNA levels and the phosphorylation of CREB and MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2), the co‐treatment with L‐calcium channel blockers differentially prevented most of these changes. These results suggest that the stimulation of cardiac ODC by β2‐adrenergic agents is associated with the activation of MAP kinases through the participation of L‐calcium channels, and that by itself p‐CREB does not appear to be sufficient for the transcriptional activation of ODC. In addition, post‐translational mechanisms related with the induction of AZIN1 appear to be related to the increase of cardiac ODC activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1978–1986, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell‐cycle specific association of transcription factors and RNA polymerase ii with the human β‐globin gene locus
Authors: Rosenberg Michael , Fan Alex Xiucheng , Lin I‐Ju , Liang Shermi Y. , Bungert Jörg 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe human β‐globin genes are regulated by a locus control region (LCR) and are expressed at extremely high levels in erythroid cells. How transcriptional fidelity of highly expressed genes is regulated and maintained during the cell cycle is not completely understood. Here, we analyzed the association of transcription factor USF, the co‐activator CBP, topoisomerase I (Topo I), basal transcription factor TFIIB, and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) with the β‐globin gene locus at specific cell‐cycle stages. The data demonstrate that while association of Pol II with globin locus associated chromatin decreased in mitotically arrested cells, it remained bound at lower levels at the γ‐globin gene promoter. During early S‐phase, association of CBP, USF, and Pol II with the globin gene locus decreased. The re‐association of CBP and USF2 with the LCR preceded re‐association of Pol II, suggesting that these proteins together mediate recruitment of Pol II to the β‐globin gene locus during S‐phase. Finally, we analyzed the association of Topo I with the globin gene locus during late S‐phase. In general, Topo I association correlated with the binding of Pol II. Inhibition of Topo I activity reduced Pol II binding at the LCR and intergenic regions but not at the γ‐globin gene promoter. The data demonstrate dynamic associations of transcription factors with the globin gene locus during the cell cycle and support previous results showing that specific components of transcription complexes remain associated with highly transcribed genes during mitosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1997–2006, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Student Team Solutions to an Open‐Ended Mathematical Modeling Problem: Gaining Insights for Educational Improvement
Authors: Diefes‐Dux Heidi A. , Hjalmarson Margret A. , Zawojewski Judith S. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundWhen engineers and students engage in mathematical modeling, the models they create are representational systems of real‐world problem situations. These representational systems reveal modelers' interpretations of the relative importance of various real‐world aspects.PurposeThis paper illustrates how interpretations of student teams' solution models (i.e., their representational systems) to a particular problem can be used to inform educational decisions.Design/MethodFirst‐year engineering teams' iterative solution models to the Travel Mode Choice Model‐Eliciting Activity (MEA) were interpreted for the purpose of identifying patterns within and across teams' responses. This MEA requires the creation of a model for a client who wants to predict the mode of transportation an individual will likely take to a college campus. Teams were provided with the client's needs and sample data concerning individuals' actual travel mode and travel time, cost, and convenience for various travel modes (walk, bus, or drive).ResultsStudent teams were required to submit their intermediate and final model descriptions in narrative form. Systematic study of their models resulted in identification of four different types of models. Patterns within and across model types were then used to suggest changes to the instructional system.ConclusionWhen instructors study student models as representations of their interpretation of a real‐world problem situation, insights gained can lead to practical proposals for improving instruction with authentic open‐ended problems including revisions to tasks, implementation strategies, formative assessment strategies, and course content.
Synthesis of New Indeno[1,2‐c]pyrazole‐Based Heterocycles and Evaluation of Their Protective Effect against DNA Damage Induced by Bleomycin–Iron
Authors: Hegazi Bahira , Abdel‐Gawad Hassan , Mohamed Hanan A. , Badria Farid A. , Farag Ahmad M. 
Published: March 2013

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Reaction of potassium 2‐(1‐phenyl‐1,4‐dihydroindeno[1,2‐c]pyrazole‐3‐carbonyl)hydrazine carbodithioate (2) with hydrazine hydrate, phenacyl bromides, and hydrazonoyl chlorides afforded the corresponding 1,2,4‐triazole, 1,3‐thiazole, and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives 3, 5, and 7, respectively. Reaction of 3‐mercapto‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole 3 with phenacyl bromides 4a–c and hydrazonoyl chlorides 6a,b afforded the corresponding 1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazine derivatives 10a–c and 13a,b, respectively, whereas its reaction with 2‐chloro‐N‐arylacetamide derivatives 11a–d afforded the corresponding 2‐(4‐amino‐5‐(1‐phenyl‐1,4‐dihydroindeno[1,2‐c]pyrazol‐3‐yl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylthio)‐N‐arylacetamide derivatives 12a–d. All of the new compounds were tested for their protection activity against DNA damage induced by bleomycin–iron complex. Compounds 7a and b showed the highest protection activity through diminishing chromogen formation between the damaged DNA and thiobarbituric acid.
High‐spatial and high‐temporal resolution dynamic contrast‐enhanced perfusion imaging of the liver with time‐resolved three‐dimensional radial MRI
Authors: Brodsky Ethan K. , Bultman Eric M. , Johnson Kevin M. , Horng Debra E. , Schelman William R. , Block Walter F. , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeDetection, characterization, and monitoring the treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis is challenging because of their variable and rapid arterial enhancement. Multiphase dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI is used clinically for HCC assessment; however, the method suffers from limited temporal resolution and difficulty in coordinating imaging and breath‐hold timing within a narrow temporal window of interest. In this article, a volumetric, high‐spatial resolution, and high‐temporal resolution dynamic contrast‐enhanced liver imaging method for improved detection and characterization of HCC is demonstrated.MethodsA time‐resolved three‐dimensional radial acquisition with iterative sensitivity‐encoding reconstruction images the entire abdomen and thorax with high spatial and temporal resolution, using real‐time three‐dimensional fluoroscopy to match the breath hold to contrast arrival. The sequence was tested on 17 subjects, including eight patients with HCC or other hypervascular focal lesions.ResultsThis technique was successful in acquiring volumetric imaging of the entire liver with 2.1‐mm isotropic spatial and true 4‐s temporal resolution.ConclusionThis technique may be suitable for detecting, characterizing, and monitoring the treatment of HCC. It also holds significant potential for perfusion modeling, which may provide a noninvasive means to rapidly determine the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in these tumors over the entire liver volume. Magn Reson Med 71:934–941, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD36 is important for adipocyte recruitment and affects lipolysis
Authors: Vroegrijk Irene O.C.M. , van Klinken Jan Bert , van Diepen Janna A. , van den Berg Sjoerd A.A. , Febbraio Maria , Steinbusch Laura K.M. , Glatz Jan F.C. , Havekes Louis M. , Voshol Peter J. , Rensen Patrick C.N. , van Dijk Ko Willems , van Harmelen Vanessa 
Published: March 2013

Objective: The scavenger receptor CD36 facilitates the cellular uptake of long‐chain fatty acids. As CD36‐deficiency attenuates the development of high fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity, the role of CD36‐deficiency in preadipocyte recruitment and adipocyte function was set out to characterize.Design and Methods: Fat cell size and number were determined in gonadal, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue of CD36−/− and WT mice after 6 weeks on HFD. Basal lipolysis and insulin‐inhibited lipolysis were investigated in gonadal adipose tissue.Results: CD36−/− mice showed a reduction in adipocyte size in all fat pads. Gonadal adipose tissue also showed a lower total number of adipocytes because of a lower number of very small adipocytes (diameter <50 μm). This was accompanied by an increased pool of preadipocytes, which suggests that CD36‐deficiency reduces the capacity of preadipocytes to become adipocytes. Regarding lipolysis, in adipose tissue from CD36−/− mice, cAMP levels were increased and both basal and 8‐bromo‐cAMP stimulated lipolysis were higher. However, insulin‐mediated inhibition of lipolysis was more potent in CD36−/− mice.Conclusions: These results indicate that during fat depot expansion, CD36‐deficiency negatively affects preadipocyte recruitment and that in mature adipocytes, CD36‐deficiency is associated with increased basal lipolysis and insulin responsiveness.
A gene variant of PNPLA3, but not of APOC3, is associated with histological parameters of NAFLD in an obese population
Authors: Verrijken A. , Beckers S. , Francque S. , Hilden H. , Caron S. , Zegers D. , Ruppert M. , Hubens G. , Van Marck E. , Michielsen P. , Staels B. , Taskinen M.‐R. , Van Hul W. , Van Gaal L. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveMechanisms explaining the relationship in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and insulin resistance are poorly understood. A genetic basis has been suggested. We studied the association between the genes patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) and apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) and metabolic and histological parameters of NAFLD in obese patients.Design and MethodsOverweight and obese patients underwent a metabolic and liver assessment. If NAFLD was suspected, liver biopsy was proposed. APOC3 variant rs2854117 and PNPLA3 variant rs738409 were genotyped.ResultsFour hundred seventy patients were included (61.1% had liver biopsy). The percentage of patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was significantly different according to the PNPLA3 variant. After adjustment for age and body mass index, the PNPLA3 variant was associated with alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.001). The PNPLA3 variant was associated with more severe features of steatohepatitis: steatosis (P < 0.001), lobular inflammation (P < 0.001), and ballooning (P = 0.002), but not with liver fibrosis, anthropometry, or insulin resistance. No significant difference in liver histology, anthropometric, or metabolic parameters was found between carriers and non‐carriers of the APOC3 variant.ConclusionsPNPLA3 polymorphism rs738409 was associated with NASH and the severity of necroinflammatory changes independently of metabolic factors. No association between APOC3 gene variant rs2854117 and histological or metabolic parameters of NAFLD was found.
Reversal of dopamine system dysfunction in response to high‐fat diet
Authors: Carlin JesseLea , Hill‐Smith Tiffany E. , Lucki Irwin , Reyes Teresa M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo test whether high‐fat diet (HFD) decreases dopaminergic tone in reward regions of the brain and evaluate whether these changes reverse after removal of the HFD.Design and MethodsMale and female mice were fed a 60% HFD for 12 weeks. An additional group was evaluated 4 weeks after removal of the HFD. These groups were compared with control fed, age‐matched controls. Sucrose and saccharin preference was measured along with mRNA expression of dopamine (DA)‐related genes by Real Time‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). DA and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. DNA methylation of the dopamine transporter (DAT) promoter was measured by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and RT‐qPCR.ResultsAfter chronic HFD, sucrose preference was reduced, and then normalized after removal of the HFD. Decreased expression of DA genes, decreased DA content and alterations in DAT promoter methylation, was observed. Importantly, response to HFD and the persistence of changes depended on sex and brain region.ConclusionsThese data identify diminished DA tone after early‐life chronic HFD with a complex pattern of reversal and persistence that varies by both sex and brain region. Central nervous system changes that did not reverse after HFD withdrawal may contribute to the difficulty in maintaining weight‐loss after diet intervention.
In vivo multi‐tissue efficacy of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ therapy on glucose and fatty acid metabolism in obese type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Nemanich Samuel , Rani Sudheer , Shoghi Kooresh 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo identify the disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus, we examined the interaction and contribution of multiple tissues (liver, heart, muscle, and brown adipose tissue) and monitored the effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐γ (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ) on metabolism in these tissues.Design and MethodsRates of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and [11C]Palmitate uptake and utilization in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat were quantified using noninvasive positron emission tomography imaging and quantitative modeling in comparison to lean Zucker rats. Furthermore, we studied two separate groups of RGZ‐treated and untreated ZDF rats.ResultsGlucose uptake is impaired in ZDF brown fat, muscle, and heart tissues compared to leans, while RGZ treatment increased glucose uptake compared to untreated ZDF rats. Fatty acid (FA) uptake decreased, but FA flux increased in brown fat and skeletal muscle of ZDF rats. RGZ treatment increased uptake of FA in brown fat but decreased uptake and utilization in liver, muscle, and heart.ConclusionOur data indicate tissue‐specific mechanisms for glucose and FA disposal as well as differential action of insulin‐sensitizing drugs to normalize substrate handling and highlight the role that preclinical imaging may play in screening drugs for obesity and diabetes.