bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ observations of wave‐supported fluid‐mud generation and deposition on an active continental margin
Authors: Hale Richard P. , Ogston Andrea S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWave‐supported fluid muds (WSFM) are a type of gravity flow that can rapidly transport sediment across continental margins. They occur when wave‐induced bed stress maintains suspended‐sediment concentrations (SSC) >10 g L−1, and sediment‐induced stratification near the top of the wave boundary layer limits upward diffusion of sediment. Observations from near‐bed instrumentation are used to evaluate the conditions under which WSFMs form on the continental shelf offshore of the Waipaoa River, NZ. An event in July 2010 featured >130 h of energetic ocean conditions, and water discharge >1900 m3 s−1. A calibrated acoustic backscatter sensor at the midshelf measured near‐bed SSC >50 g L−1, with a strong lutocline occurring >15 cm above the predicted wave‐current boundary layer, resulting in ~5 cm deposition. A velocity anomaly occurred during this time, with offshore‐directed currents faster at 1 m above bed (mab) than at 3.5 mab. Using these observations, we empirically solve a simple buoyancy‐drag force balance to estimate the gravity‐driven velocity of the WSFM, which is always <0.03 m s−1. Extending the force balance across a shelf transect suggests that WSFM‐carried sediment can reach the shelf edge in 50–240 h. Spatial and temporal patterns of deposition predicted by the gradient of modeled sediment flux correlate well with seabed observations on the Waipaoa shelf reported in Walsh et al. (2014). This study highlights the importance of WSFMs for cross‐shelf sediment transport, despite relatively slow gravity‐driven velocities and the infrequency with which they occur.
What's burning got to do with it? Primate foraging opportunities in fire‐modified landscapes
Authors: Herzog Nicole M. , Keefe Earl R. , Parker Christopher H. , Hawkes Kristen 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesAnecdotal and formal evidence indicate that primates take advantage of burned landscapes. However, little work has been done to quantify the costs and benefits of this behavior. Using systematic behavioral observations from a population of South African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus), we evaluate differences in food availability and energetics before and after controlled burns altered vegetation near their home range. We aim to determine whether burned habitats offer improved foraging opportunities.MethodsWe collected feeding data from foraging individuals and analyzed common plant foods for their energetic content. We then used the feeding and energetic data to calculate postencounter profitabilities and encounter rates for food types. Using negative binomial and mixed linear regression models we compared data from burned and unburned habitats.ResultsOur results show significantly improved encounter rates in burned landscapes for two prey items, invertebrates and grasses. However, postencounter profitabilities in burned areas were not significantly different than those achieved in unburned areas.ConclusionsResults suggest that improved encounters alone can motivate changes in foraging behavior. These foraging benefits enable the exploitation of burned savanna habitats, likely driving postburn range expansions observed among populations of vervet monkeys. Thus quantified, these results may serve as a foundation for hypotheses regarding the evolution of fire‐use in our own lineage. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:432–441, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Einblick in die supramolekulare Architektur von intaktem Diatomeen‐Biosilikat mithilfe DNP‐verstärkter Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Jantschke Anne , Koers Eline , Mance Deni , Weingarth Markus , Brunner Eike , Baldus Marc 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDas Biosilikat von Diatomeen ist ein organisch‐anorganisches Hybridmaterial mit interessanten Eigenschaften. Die molekulare Architektur des Materials sowohl auf der atomaren als auch auf der Nanometerskala ist bisher noch unbekannt, insbesondere im Fall des intakten Biosilikats. DNP‐verstärkte Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie in Kombination mit Mikroskopie, MS und MD‐Simulationen wurde zur Untersuchung der strukturellen Organisation des intakten Biosilikats angewendet. Damit gelang es erstmals, die Sekundärstrukturelemente von stark Biosilikat‐assoziierten nativen Proteinen im Biosilikat in situ zu charakterisieren. Anhand der Festkörper‐NMR‐Daten wurde eine Mischung von Random‐Coil‐ und β‐Faltblatt‐Konformation nachgewiesen. Außerdem wurden mit dem Biosilikat assoziierte, langkettige Polyamine und Kohlenhydrate untersucht, woraus ein neues Modell für die supramolekulare Organisation des intakten Biosilikats abgeleitet wurde.
Insight into the Supramolecular Architecture of Intact Diatom Biosilica from DNP‐Supported Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Jantschke Anne , Koers Eline , Mance Deni , Weingarth Markus , Brunner Eike , Baldus Marc 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDiatom biosilica is an inorganic/organic hybrid with interesting properties. The molecular architecture of the organic material at the atomic and nanometer scale has so far remained unknown, in particular for intact biosilica. A DNP‐supported ssNMR approach assisted by microscopy, MS, and MD simulations was applied to study the structural organization of intact biosilica. For the first time, the secondary structure elements of tightly biosilica‐associated native proteins in diatom biosilica were characterized in situ. Our data suggest that these proteins are rich in a limited set of amino acids and adopt a mixture of random‐coil and β‐strand conformations. Furthermore, biosilica‐associated long‐chain polyamines and carbohydrates were characterized, thereby leading to a model for the supramolecular organization of intact biosilica.
Cellulose NANOFIBER‐polyethylene nanocomposites modified by polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Kiziltas Alper , Nazari Behzad , Kiziltas Esra Erbas , Gardner Douglas J. S. , Han Yousoo , Rushing Todd S. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe uniform dispersion of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) in non‐polar polymer matrices is a primary problem to overcome in creating novel nanocomposites from these materials. The aim of this study was to produce CNF‐polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites by melt compounding followed by injection molding to investigate the possibility of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve the dispersion of CNF in the PE matrix. The tensile strength of CNF‐ filled composites was 17.4 MPa with the addition of 5 wt % CNF–PVA, which was 25% higher than the strength of neat PE. The tensile modulus of elasticity increased by 40% with 5% CNF–PVA addition. Flexural properties also significantly increased with increased CNF loading. Shear viscosity increased with increasing CNF content. The elastic moduli of the PE/CNF composites from rheological measurements were greater than those of the neat PE matrix because of the intrinsic rigidity of CNF. Melt creep compliance decreased by about 13% and 45% for the composites with 5 wt % CNF and 10 wt % CNF, respectively. It is expected that the PVA carrier system can contribute to the development of a process methodology to effectively disperse CNFs containing water in a polymer matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42933.
Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) stabilized nano silver particles by a mechanochemical assisted ball mill process
Authors: Jayaramudu Tippabattini , Raghavendra Gownolla Malegowd , Varaprasad Kokkarachedu , Reddy Gangireddygari Venkata Subba , Reddy A. Babul , Sudhakar K. , Sadiku Emmanuel Rotimi 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTNano silver particles with an average mean crystallite size of between 10 and 12 nm were synthesized from different molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol) as a stabilizing agents, through solid state oxidation of silver nitrate using a higher energy planetary ball mill. Ultraviolet‐Visible spectra were used to confirm the synthesis of nano silver particles. The surface plasmon resonance bands were observed around 410 nm. Fourier transformed infrared spectrum, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electronic microscopy techniques were used to characterize the nano silver particles synthesized. Thermal stability was determined using thermogravimetic analysis and the elemental composition of the sample was determined by energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The nano silver particles synthesized, exhibited very good antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Based on the obtained results, it was additionally explored that the size and the stabilization of the nano silver particles synthesized, strongly depend on the molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43027.
Unusual presentation of a distal cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Fama' Fausto , Piquard Arnaud , Pallela Jessica , Lo Presti Dario , Saint‐Marc Olivier , Gioffre'‐Florio Maria 
Published: October 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of a 51‐year‐old male presented with abdominal pain and itching, whereas jaundice occurred afterwards. Diagnosis was made by means of CT and better assessed by MRI and endoscopic ultrasounds. Patient was treated with an open Whipple's procedure, and after an 18‐month follow‐up he was doing well.
Chloride‐Anion‐Templated Synthesis of a Strapped‐Porphyrin‐Containing Catenane Host System
Authors: Brown Asha , Langton Matthew J. , Kilah Nathan L. , Thompson Amber L. , Beer Paul D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe synthesis, structure and anion‐recognition properties of a new strapped‐porphyrin‐containing [2]catenane anion host system are described. The assembly of the catenane is directed by discrete chloride anion templation acting in synergy with secondary aromatic donor–acceptor and coordinative pyridine–zinc interactions. The [2]catenane incorporates a three‐dimensional, hydrogen‐bond‐donating anion‐binding pocket; solid‐state structural analysis of the catenane⋅chloride complex reveals that the chloride anion is encapsulated within the catenane’s interlocked binding cavity through six convergent CH⋅⋅⋅⋅Cl and NH⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen‐bonding interactions and solution‐phase 1H NMR titration experiments demonstrate that this complementary hydrogen‐bonding arrangement facilitates the selective recognition of chloride over larger halide anions in DMSO solution.
Directional Functionalization of MOF‐74 Analogs via Ligand Pre‐installation
Authors: Hao Liang , Qiu Qiming , Li Hui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA MOF‐74 analog derived from non‐DOBDC linkers, Cu(II)‐MOF‐74‐L1, was synthesized and characterized. Based on this, directionanl functionalizations of the hexagonal pore were introduced through well‐designed pre‐installation of ligands. By this strategy, two MOF‐74 analogs with hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of pore had been achieved by equiping with Cl or OH groups respectively and proved with excellent catalysis and luminescent sensing properties. Herein, the synthetic strategy and functional regulation were reported toward the development of functional MOF‐74 materials.
Matrix metalloproteinases as promising regulators of axonal regrowth in the injured adult zebrafish retinotectal system
Authors: Lemmens Kim , Bollaerts Ilse , Bhumika Stitipragyan , de Groef Lies , Van Houcke Jessie , Darras Veerle M. , Van Hove Inge , Moons Lieve 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTOvercoming the failure of axon regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) after injury remains a major challenge, which makes the search for proregenerative molecules essential. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in axonal outgrowth during CNS development and show increased expression levels during vertebrate CNS repair. In mammals, MMPs are believed to alter the suppressive extracellular matrix to become more permissive for axon regrowth. We investigated the role of MMPs in axonal regeneration following optic nerve crush (ONC) in adult zebrafish, which fully recover from such injuries due to a high intrinsic axon growth capacity and a less inhibitory environment. Lowering general retinal MMP activity through intravitreal injections of GM6001 after ONC strongly reduced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal regrowth, without influencing RGC survival. Based on a recently performed transcriptome profiling study, the expression pattern of four MMPs after ONC was determined via combined use of western blotting and immunostainings. Mmp‐2 and ‐13a were increasingly present in RGC somata during axonal regrowth. Moreover, Mmp‐2 and ‐9 became upregulated in regrowing RGC axons and inner plexiform layer (IPL) synapses, respectively. In contrast, after an initial rise in IPL neurites and RGC axons during the injury response, Mmp‐14 expression decreased during regeneration. Altogether, a phase‐dependent expression pattern for each specific MMP was observed, implicating them in axonal regrowth and inner retina remodeling after injury. In conclusion, these data suggest a novel, neuron‐intrinsic function for multiple MMPs in axon regrowth that is distinct from breaking down environmental barriers. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1472–1493, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biopolymers from Composted Biowaste as Stabilizers for the Synthesis of Spherical and Homogeneously Sized Silver Nanoparticles for Textile Applications on Natural Fibers
Authors: Nisticò Roberto , Barrasso Marco , Carrillo Le Roux Galo Antonio , Seckler Marcelo Martins , Sousa Walter , Malandrino Mery , Magnacca Giuliana 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe use of bio‐based substances (BBS) obtained from composted biowaste as stabilizers for the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in substitution to citrate is investigated herein, evaluating the functionalization of natural fibers for textile antibacterial applications. The results obtained evidenced that BBS can substitute citrate as reducing/stabilizing agent in the synthesis, inducing a geometrical control (in shape and size) of the AgNPs. Two different substrates were selected (wool and cotton) and two dip‐coating deposition techniques investigated. The release of AgNPs from the supports in water was evaluated under two different experimental conditions: 1) soaking (static conditions) for 7 and 15 days, simulating the contact with sweat, and 2) centrifugation (dynamic conditions), simulating a washing machine treatment. A wide physicochemical characterization was carried out to evaluate the effects of BBS on the morphology and stability of AgNPs suspensions as well as the functionalization effectiveness.
Enhanced Hydrogen Transport over Palladium Ultrathin Films through Surface Nanostructure Engineering
Authors: Abate Salvatore , Giorgianni Gianfranco , Gentiluomo Serena , Centi Gabriele , Perathoner Siglinda 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPalladium ultrathin films (around 2 μm) with different surface nanostructures are characterized by TEM, SEM, AFM, and temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and evaluated in terms of H2 permeability and H2–N2 separation. A change in the characteristics of Pd seeds by controlled oxidation–reduction treatments produces films with the same thickness, but different surface and bulk nanostructure. In particular, the films have finer and more homogeneous Pd grains, which results in lower surface roughness. Although all samples show high permeo‐ selectivity to H2, the samples with finer grains exhibit enhanced permeance and lower activation energy for H2 transport. The analysis of the data suggests that grain boundaries between the Pd grains at the surface favor H2 transfer from surface to subsurface. Thus, the surface nanostructure plays a relevant role in enhancing the transport of H2 over the Pd ultrathin film, which is an important aspect to develop improved membranes that function at low temperatures and toward new integrated process architectures in H2 and syngas production with enhanced sustainability.
Conditioned inhibition in preweanling rats
Authors: Aranda‐Fernandez Patricio E. , Gaztañaga Mirari , Arias Carlos , Chotro M. Gabriela 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTInhibitory conditioning is a very well established phenomenon in associative learning that has been demonstrated in both humans and adult animals. But in spite of the fact that this topic has generated much empirical and theoretical work, there are no published studies assessing inhibitory learning during the early ontogeny of the rat. In this study we test the possibility of finding conditioned inhibition in infant rats (Day 10) using a conditioned taste aversion procedure. We tested whether the consumption of saccharin (A) was reduced when paired with a LiCl injection compared to the presentation of saccharin in compound with a lemon odor (AX) without any aversive consequence. After training, retardation, and summation tests were conducted in order to evaluate the inhibitory properties of the lemon odor (X). The results of this study showed that in male pups, after conditioned inhibition training, stimulus X passed both retardation and summation tests. These results indicate that conditioned inhibition can be established in the early development of the rat, suggesting that animals at this stage of ontogeny have the capacity to acquire and to express inhibitory conditioning, although this effect appears to be sex‐dependent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:98–106, 2016.
Early deprivation and autonomic nervous system functioning in post‐institutionalized children
Authors: Esposito Elisa A. , Koss Kalsea J. , Donzella Bonny , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe relations between early deprivation and the development of the neuroendocrine and central components of the mammalian stress response have been examined frequently. However, little is known about the impact of early deprivation on the developmental trajectories of autonomic function. Children adopted between 15–36 months from institutional care were examined during their first 16 months post‐adoption (N = 60). Comparison groups included same‐aged peers reared in their birth families (N = 50) and children adopted internationally from overseas foster care (N = 46). The present study examined trajectories of baseline autonomic nervous system function longitudinally following entry into adopted families. Post‐institutionalized children had higher sympathetic tone, measured by pre‐ejection period (PEP). Individual differences in PEP soon after adoption served as a mediator between early deprivation and parent‐reported behavioral problems 2 years post‐adoption. There were no group differences in parasympathetic function, indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia. All three groups showed similar trajectories of ANS function across the 16 month period. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 328–340, 2016.
Nonsynaptic glycine release is involved in the early KCC2 expression
Authors: Allain Anne‐Emilie , Cazenave William , Delpy Alain , Exertier Prisca , Barthe Christophe , Meyrand Pierre , Cattaert Daniel , Branchereau Pascal 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe cation‐chloride co‐transporters are important regulators of the cellular Cl‐ homeostasis. Among them the Na+‐K+−2Cl− co‐transporter (NKCC1) is responsible for intracellular chloride accumulation in most immature brain structures, whereas the K+‐Cl− co‐transporter (KCC2) extrudes chloride from mature neurons, ensuring chloride‐mediated inhibitory effects of GABA/glycine. We have shown that both KCC2 and NKCC1 are expressed at early embryonic stages (E11.5) in the ventral spinal cord (SC). The mechanisms by which KCC2 is prematurely expressed are unknown. In this study, we found that chronically blocking glycine receptors (GlyR) by strychnine led to a loss of KCC2 expression, without affecting NKCC1 level. This effect was not dependent on the firing of Na+ action potentials but was mimicked by a Ca2+‐dependent PKC blocker. Blocking the vesicular release of neurotransmitters did not impinge on strychnine effect whereas blocking volume‐sensitive outwardly rectifying (VSOR) chloride channels reproduced the GlyR blockade, suggesting that KCC2 is controlled by a glycine release from progenitor radial cells in immature ventral spinal networks. Finally, we showed that the strychnine treatment prevented the maturation of rhythmic spontaneous activity. Thereby, the GlyR‐activation is a necessary developmental process for the expression of functional spinal motor networks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 764–779, 2016
Hydrological controls on productivity of regenerating Sphagnum in a cutover peatland
Authors: Taylor Neil , Price Jonathan , Strack Maria 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent research into the production of Sphagnum biomass in extracted peatlands, an alternative to ecological restoration as a post‐industrial use of peatlands, has highlighted the need for an improved understanding of the ecohydrology of Sphagnum regenerating in these environments. Previous work suggested that limited connectivity between surficial layers and the underlying partially decomposed plant matter and peat would result in water stress and inhibited growth. This study links the soil water dynamics of regenerated layers ranging in age from 3 to 43 years and from 3 to 40 cm in thickness to the productivity of Sphagnum in order to determine the hydrological controls on productivity and the optimal range of water content for producing Sphagnum biomass. Productivity was never observed to be limited by insufficient supply of water, including during periods where water table was >40 cm below the surface and periods of 16 days without measured precipitation. While layers of different ages and thicknesses were able to sustain adequate water supply to remain productive under a range of conditions, the ability of layers to transmit water upwards differed greatly. Water content in the near‐surface inhibited productivity during wetter periods, especially at newly regenerating sites where the layer was <5 cm thick. This has important implications for biomass production using the Sphagnum species studied here. Using a mixed linear modelling approach to isolate the effects of water content on variance in productivity from those of other measured variables, a volumetric water content of 0.10 is identified as optimal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inverse γ‐Turn‐Inspired Peptide: Synthesis and Analysis of Segetalin A Indole Hemi­aminal
Authors: Lamping Matthias , Enck Sebastian , Geyer Armin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSubstitution of a peptide bond for an imine transforms the irreversible macrocyclization of peptides into a reversible process. The inherent cyclization tendency of a linear peptide is then analyzable through the equilibrium between the aldehyde and the imine by virtue of the higher reactivity of the corresponding linear peptide aldehyde. The tryptophan side chain of segetalin A aldehyde forms a 12‐membered cyclic indole hemiaminal instead of the 18‐membered macrocyclic imine expected. Herein, we analyzed this uncommon hemiaminal that shows that the biosynthesis of cyclic peptides is not necessarily based on linear precursor peptides with a high inherent macrolactamization tendency.