bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into leaf and fine‐root trait relationships: implications of resource acquisition among 23 xerophytic woody species
Authors: Li Fang Lan , Bao Wei Kai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFunctional traits of leaves and fine root vary broadly among different species, but little is known about how these interspecific variations are coordinated between the two organs. This study aims to determine the interspecific relationships between corresponding leaf and fine‐root traits to better understand plant strategies of resource acquisition. SLA (Specific leaf area), SRL (specific root length), mass‐based N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) concentrations of leaves and fine roots, root system, and plant sizes were measured in 23 woody species grown together in a common garden setting. SLA and SRL exhibited a strong negative relationship. There were no significant relationships between corresponding leaf and fine‐root nutrient concentrations. The interspecific variations in plant height and biomass were tightly correlated with root system size characteristics, including root depth and total root length. These results demonstrate a coordinated plant size‐dependent variation between shoots and roots, but for efficiency, plant resource acquisition appears to be uncoupled between the leaves and fine roots. The different patterns of leaf and fine‐root traits suggest different strategies for resource acquisition between the two organs. This provides insights into the linkage between above‐ and belowground subsystems in carbon and nutrient economy.
Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Copper Complexes as Robust and Efficient Catalysts for Sonogashira Couplings
Authors: Moegling Julian , Benischke Andreas D. , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Vepřek Nynke A. , Zoller Florian , Rendenbach Bettina , Hoffmann Alexander , Sievers Holger , Schuster Michael , Knochel Paul , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA series of bis(pyrazolyl)methane copper complexes were found to catalyze a fast palladium‐free Sonogashira coupling reaction of several iodoarenes with terminal alkynes such as phenylacetylene, propargyl benzyl ether, and (tert‐butyl‐dimethyl)silylacetylene. These reactions proceed with CuCl2·2H2O (10 mol‐%) under aerobic conditions and the corresponding chelate ligand (10 mol‐%), with its tailored facial coordination mode, is crucial for the success of the reaction. The coupling can also be carried out in water with liquid aryl halides and a phase‐transfer catalyst.
HBF4‐Catalysed Nucleophilic Substitutions of Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Barreiro Elena , Sanz‐Vidal Alvaro , Tan Eric , Lau Shing‐Hing , Sheppard Tom D. , Díez‐González Silvia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe activity of HBF4 (aqueous solution) as a catalyst in propargylation reactions is presented. Diverse types of nucleophiles were employed in order to form new C–O, C–N and C–C bonds in technical acetone and in air. Good to excellent yields and good chemoselectivities were obtained using low acid loading (typically 1 mol‐%) under simple reaction conditions.
Development of novel in vitro photosafety assays focused on the Keap1–Nrf2–ARE pathway
Authors: Tsujita‐Inoue Kyoko , Hirota Morihiko , Atobe Tomomi , Ashikaga Takao , Tokura Yoshiki , Kouzuki Hirokazu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough photoallergens require UV energy for antigen formation, the subsequent immune response is considered to be the same as in ordinary skin sensitization. Therefore, in vitro tests for skin sensitization should also be applicable for photoallergy testing. In this study, we examined whether activation of the Keap1 (Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1)–Nrf2 (nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2)–ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway could be used to assess the photoallergenic potential of chemicals, using the reporter cell line AREc32 or KeratinoSensTM. First, we identified an appropriate UVA irradiation dose [5 J cm–2 irradiation in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS)] by investigating the effect of UV irradiation on ARE‐dependent gene induction using untreated or 6‐methylcoumarin (6‐MC)‐treated cells. Irradiation of well‐known photoallergens under this condition increased ARE‐dependent gene expression by more than 50% compared with both vehicle and non‐irradiated controls. When the cut‐off value for detecting photoallergens was set at 50% induction, the accuracy of predicting photoallergenic/phototoxic chemicals was 70% in AREc32 cells and 67% in KeratinoSensTM cells, and the specificity was 100% in each case. We designate these assays as a photo‐ARE assay and photo‐KeratinoSensTM, respectively. Our results suggest that activation of the Keap1‐Nrf2‐ARE pathway is an effective biomarker for evaluating both photoallergenic and phototoxic potentials. Either of the above tests might be a useful component of a battery of in vitro tests/in silico methods for predicting the photoallergenicity and phototoxicity of chemicals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable nasal stents (MgF2‐coated Mg–2 wt %Nd alloy)—A long‐termin vivostudy
Authors: Durisin Martin , Reifenrath Janin , Weber Constantin M. , Eifler Rainer , Maier Hans J. , Lenarz Thomas , Seitz Jan‐Marten 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite innovative surgical techniques and use of current frontal sinus stents from different materials, the problem of treatment failure with consecutive reoperation remains present. The aim of our study is to investigate biocompatibility, degradation kinetics, and functionality of a newly developed fluoride‐coated magnesium‐based nasal stent. A minipig anatomy of frontal sinus adapted design and an external surgical approach were developed and established. The functionality of the stents was evaluated endoscopically. The stent‐tissue blocks were analysed after 90 and 180 days using microcomputed tomography (µ‐CT), histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Functional evaluation revealed an unobstructed stent lumen in all cases. Histological analysis showed moderate mucosal hyperplasia with a mild, nonspecific inflammatory response, and nonosteoconductive effect. Rejection reactions or necrosis did not occur. The volumetric analysis of the stents showed 51% volume loss after 180 days. The EDS analysis did not detect any neodymium (Nd) in the mucosa or bone. The Mg–2 wt % Nd stents are a promising option when treating the narrow passages following paranasal sinus surgery. In particular, its good biocompatibility and good functionality facilitate the re‐epithelization of these constricted passages. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 350–365, 2017.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effect of excipients in local delivery of paclitaxel using microporous infusion balloon catheters
Authors: Anderson Jordan A. , Remund Tyler , Pohlson Kathryn , Lamichhane Sujan , Evans Claire , Evans Rick , Clark Melanee , Egland Kristi , Kelly Patrick , Mani Gopinath 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDrug‐infusion balloons are one of the currently used local drug delivery devices for preventing restenosis after endovascular treatments. An antiproliferative drug (paclitaxel, PAT) is infused through the balloon using a cremophor‐based formulation to control restenosis. However, the major limitations of this approach are poor in vivo drug uptake and a limit in the amount of PAT delivered because of cremophor toxicity. In this study, we have investigated the use of different excipients for effectively infusing PAT out of the balloon for improved drug uptake in the tissue. The excipients include nanoparticle albumin‐bound PAT (nab‐PAT, a nanobiomaterial used in cancer therapy), urea (a hydrophilic agent used for faster drug transfer), iodixanol (a contrast agent used for coronary angiography), and cremophor‐PAT (the most commonly used PAT formulation). An in vitro drug release, smooth muscle cell (SMC) response, endothelial cell (EC) response, and in vivo drug uptake were investigated for all the different excipients of PAT infused through the balloon. The nab‐PAT was as effective as cremophor in infusing out of the balloon and inhibiting SMC growth. Also, nab‐PAT showed a significantly greater amount of in vivo PAT uptake than that of cremophor‐PAT. Urea and iodixanol were not effective in delivering a clinically relevant dose of PAT due to the poor solubility of PAT in these excipients. Urea eradicated all the SMCs and ECs, suggesting a toxic effect, which impedes its use in balloon‐based therapy. Thus, this study demonstrated that nab‐PAT is an effective formulation to locally deliver PAT through infusion balloons. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 376–390, 2017.
Modified HPLC–ESI–MS Method for Glycated Hemoglobin Quantification Based on the IFCC Reference Measurement Procedure and Its Application for Quantitative Analyses in Clinical Laboratories of China
Authors: Song Zhixin , Xie Baoyuan , Ma Huaian , Zhang Rui , Li Pengfei , Liu Lihong , Yue Yuhong , Zhang Jianping , Tong Qing , Wang Qingtao 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been recognized as an important indicator of long‐term glycemic control. However, the HbA1c measurement is not currently included as a diagnostic determinant in China. Current study aims to assess a candidate modified International Federation of Clinical Chemistry reference method for the forthcoming standardization of HbA1c measurements in China.MethodsThe HbA1c concentration was measured using a modified high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS) method. The modified method replaces the propylcyanide column with a C18 reversed‐phase column, which has a lower cost and is more commonly used in China, and uses 0.1% (26.5 mmol/l) formic acid instead of trifluoroacetic acid. Moreover, in order to minimize matrix interference and reduce the running time, a solid‐phase extraction was employed. The discrepancies between HbA1c measurements using conventional methods and the HPLC–ESI–MS method were clarified in clinical samples from healthy people and diabetic patients. Corresponding samples were distributed to 89 hospitals in Beijing for external quality assessment.ResultsThe linearity, reliability, and accuracy of the modified HPLC–ESI–MS method with a shortened running time of 6 min were successfully validated. Out of 89 hospitals evaluated, the relative biases of HbA1c concentrations were < 8% for 74 hospitals and < 5% for 60 hospitals. Compared with other conventional methods, HbA1c concentrations determined by HPLC methods were similar to the values obtained from the current HPLC–ESI–MS method.ConclusionThe HPLC–ESI–MS method represents an improvement over existing methods and provides a simple, stable, and rapid HbA1c measurement with strong signal intensities and reduced ion suppression.
Cranial morphological variation inPeromyscus maniculatusover nearly a century of environmental change in three areas ofCalifornia
Authors: Holmes Michael W. , Boykins Genevieve K. R. , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Lacey Eileen A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTDetermining how species respond to prolonged environmental change is critical to understanding both their evolutionary biology and their conservation needs. In general, organisms can respond to changing environmental conditions by moving, by adapting in situ, or by going locally or globally extinct. Morphological changes, whether plastic or adaptive, are one way that species may respond in situ to local environmental change. Because cranial morphology is influenced by selective pressures arising from an organism's abiotic and biotic environments, including aspects of thermal physiology, diet, and sensory ecology, studies of cranial morphology may generate important insights into how species are responding to environmental change. To assess potential response of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to changing conditions in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, we quantified cranial variation in museum specimens of this species collected approximately 100 years apart. Specifically, we examined how cranial morphology varies in three populations of this geographically widespread, ecological generalist over elevation and time. Our analyses indicate that cranial morphology does not differ with elevation within either modern or historical samples but does vary between time periods, suggesting that in situ responses to environmental change have occurred. Contrary to predictions based on Bergmann's rule, we found no consistent relationship between body size and either elevation or time, suggesting that morphological differences detected between historic and modern specimens are specific to factors influencing cranial structure. Collectively, these analyses demonstrate the potential importance of in situ changes in morphology as a response to changing environmental conditions. J. Morphol. 277:96–106, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution technology for FPD manufacturing
Authors: Yabu Nobuhiko , Nagano Kouhei , Izumi Nozomu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing shorter wavelength for exposure light is one way to achieve high resolution while keeping sufficient depth of focus.We show exposure results for high resolution to confirm the effect of deep UV exposure light. With deep UV light, 1.2‐µm line and space pattern and 1.8‐µm contact hole pattern are resolved while keeping sufficient depth of focus.
Previous radiation for prostate neoplasm alters surgical and oncologic outcomes after rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Guandalino Marlène , Dupré Aurélien , François Marie , Leroy Bertrand , Antomarchi Olivier , Buc Emmanuel , Dubois Anne , Guy Laurent , Pezet Denis , Gagnière Johan 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPrevious radiation for prostate cancer (PC) contra‐indicates neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer (RC) because of risk of cumulative radiation dose toxicity. Postoperative outcomes after proctectomy have not been well studied in these patients who did not receive optimal treatment.MethodsEighty‐four consecutive male patients underwent surgery for stage II–III mid or low RC between 2002 and 2011. Patients who previously received radiation for PC (n = 8) and patients who had not previously undergone radiation for PC but who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for RC (n = 64) were retrospectively compared.ResultsPrevious radiation for PC was an independent factor that significantly increased intraoperative (25% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.002) and postoperative morbidities (62.5% vs. 28.1%, P = 0.028), anastomotic leakage (62.5% vs. 12.5%, P < 0.001) and definitive stoma rates (25% vs. 17.4%, P = 0.022). It significantly altered median overall survival (32.0 vs. 130.6 months, P = 0.05) and local recurrence‐free survival rates (14.0 months vs. “median not reached,” P = 0.016).ConclusionsThis is the first report of altered survival rates after proctectomy in patients who had previously received radiation for PC. Postoperative morbidity and definitive defunctioning stoma rates were significantly increased in these patients with poor prognoses. Therapeutic strategies should thus be individualized. Large, multicenter cohort studies are needed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:802–808. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid extraction of dissolved inorganic carbon from seawater and groundwater samples for radiocarbon dating
Authors: Gospodinova K. , McNichol A. P. , Gagnon A. , Shah Walter S. R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe designed and developed a system to efficiently extract dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from seawater and groundwater samples for radiocarbon dating. The Rapid Extraction of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon System (REDICS) utilizes a gas‐permeable polymer membrane contactor to extract the DIC from an acidified water sample in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), introduce it to a helium gas stream, cryogenically isolate it, and store it for stable and radiocarbon isotope analysis. The REDICS system offers multiple advantages to the DIC extraction method which has been used for the last several decades at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS) at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, including faster DIC extraction, streamlined analysis, and minimized set‐up and prep time. The system was tested using sodium carbonate and seawater standards, duplicates of which were also processed on the water stripping line (WSL) at NOSAMS. The results demonstrate that the system successfully extracts, quantifies, and stores more than 99% of the DIC in less than 20 min. Stable and radiocarbon isotope analysis demonstrated system precision of 0.04‰ and 7.8‰, respectively. A Sargasso Sea depth profile was used to further validate the system. The results show high precision for both stable and radiocarbon analysis with pooled standard deviations of 0.02‰ and 5.6‰, respectively. A comparison between the REDICS and WSL analyses indicates a good accuracy for both stable and radio‐isotope analysis.
Diphenylphosphoryl‐Triazole‐Tethered, AIEE‐Type Conjugated Polymer as Optical Probe for Silver Ion in Relatively High‐Water‐Fraction Medium
Authors: Shi Wei , Sun Xinhua , Chen Xin , Zhao Shiyu , Xie Zhengfeng 
Published: October 2015

A type of conjugated polymer (P3) with the feature of aggregation‐induced emission enhancement, and with diphenylphosphoryl‐triazole (DPPT) attachment, was successfully synthesized by Cu+‐catalyzed click postpolymerization. P3 displayed specific optical response toward Ag+ in organic/aqueous mixtures with relatively high‐water‐fraction ratio (VTHF/Vwater = 2:3). With the addition of Ag+, absorption profile of P3 exhibited obvious redshift (≈ 30 nm), accompanied by the decrease of absorbance and fluorescence (at ≈ 500 nm). As evaluated from the detailed fluorescence alteration of P3 against incremental Ag+, the detection limit of Ag+ reached ≈ 11 × 10−9m (3σ, S/N = 3). The presence of other common background metal ions brought insignificant interference for the Ag+ probing by P3. Further investigation revealed that the presence of DPPT segment played a key role for the detection of Ag+ by P3.
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Analysing changes to the spatial structures of precipitation and temperature under different ENSO phases in the Southeast and Midwest United States
Authors: Nam Won‐Ho , Baigorria Guillermo A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe widespread influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases on regional climate is well known to contribute to climate anomalies around the world. Understanding the effects of climate variability given the ENSO phases is an important component to improve crop management and reduce climate risk due to potential changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. Recognizing the spatial structure in precipitation and temperature under different ENSO phases is fundamental for comprehensive environmental assessments through decisions and policies that consider climate variability at regional scales. The objective of this study was to investigate if there is evidence of changes to the spatial structure of precipitation and temperature associated with the three categories of ENSO phases: El Niño, La Niña and neutral years in two study areas, the Southeast (Alabama, Florida and Georgia) and the Midwest (Nebraska) United States. Daily data of maximum temperature, minimum temperatures and precipitation (1981–2010) from 407 weather stations were analysed. The spatial structure was measured by analysing the monthly correlation matrices calculated from daily observations. To determine the potential changes to spatial structures of precipitation and temperature, the spatial structure was compared with using the complete 30 year period divided by the three categories of the ENSO phases. The results showed statistically significant differences in the spatial structures of maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation (amount and distribution) among the different ENSO phases and between the combinations of two kinds of different ENSO phases. Statistically significant changes in spatial correlation at seasonal and monthly timescales among the different ENSO phases were also observed in both regions. The statistical differences were not uniform in both regions, and some region‐variable‐month combinations showed no significance. Knowledge of spatial structure among some combinations of different ENSO phases at each region would be useful to improve further applications of weather/climate data in other disciplines such as geo‐spatial weather generator.
Impact of active thermoregulation on the microcirculation of free flaps
Authors: Dornseifer Ulf , Fichter Andreas Max , Von Isenburg Sarah , Stergioula Sofia , Rondak Ina‐Christine , Ninkovic Milomir 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundWhile it is a known fact that warming increases blood flow in healthy tissue, little is known about the impact of active thermoregulation on the altered microcirculation of free flaps. The objective of the study was to identify the impact of postoperative active thermoregulation on free flap microcirculation.MethodsTissue temperature was assessed in 25 free perforator flaps using an implanted probe. Active thermoregulation was achieved using a water circulation based system. Changes in microcirculation were evaluated at the day of surgery and throughout the first three postoperative days after passive cooling (room temperature), passive warming (wound dressing), active warming (38°C) and active cooling (15°C) using laser Doppler flowmetry and remission spectroscopy.ResultsActive warming increased flap temperature by 7.7% to 36.4°C ± 0.5°C in comparison to the initial values of flaps without dressing (P < 0.001). As a result, the blood flow increased by 77.7% of the base value (P < 0.001). A significant correlation between all microcirculation parameters and tissue temperature was observed with a 5.52 AU blood flow increase per degree temperature increase (r = 0.7; P < 0.001). All microcirculation parameters showed a statistically significant increase after both passive and active warming, whereby active warming showed significantly higher values than passive warming.ConclusionsActive thermoregulation using water‐based circulation is an effective and safe procedure to improve microcirculation in free flaps and is superior to conventional passive warming strategies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:216–224, 2016.
Orientation dependence of microcirculation‐induced diffusion signal in anisotropic tissues
Authors: Abdullah Osama M. , Gomez Arnold David , Merchant Samer , Heidinger Michael , Poelzing Steven , Hsu Edward W. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo seek a better understanding of the effect of organized capillary flow on the MR diffusion‐weighted signal.MethodsA theoretical framework was proposed to describe the diffusion‐weighted MR signal, which was then validated both numerically using a realistic model of capillary network and experimentally in an animal model of isolated perfused heart preparation with myocardial blood flow verified by means of direct arterial spin labeling measurements.ResultsMicrocirculation in organized tissues gave rise to an MR signal that could be described as a combination of the bi‐exponential behavior of conventional intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) theory and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) ‐like anisotropy of the vascular signal, with the flow‐related pseudo diffusivity represented as the linear algebraic product between the encoding directional unit vector and an appropriate tensor entity. Very good agreement between theoretical predictions and both numerical and experimental observations were found.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the DTI formalism of anisotropic spin motion can be incorporated into the classical IVIM theory to describe the MR signal arising from diffusion and microcirculation in organized tissues. Magn Reson Med 76:1252–1262, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.