bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENEGAKAN HUKUM HAM DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM MAQASHID SYARIAH
Authors: Sofian Muhamad 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Hukum Islam dengan maqashid syariah dapat dijadikan suatu pemikiran hukum dalam penegakan hukum HAM. Mengingat hukum Islam adalah hukum yang tidak bersandar pada teks Undang-Undang semata melainkan dapat bersumber pada nilai-nilai keislaman yang bersandar pada Al-Quran dan Hadist serta Ijtihad para ulama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mengetahui penegakan hukum Hak Asasi Manusia kemudian ditinjau dari perspektif Maqashid Syariah. Jenis Penelitian yang di gunakan adalah penelitian hukum normative dengan pendekatan kepustakaan atau library Research dan Perundang-undangan. Adapun hasil penelitian bahwa Indonesia memberikan perlindungan HAM kepada warga negaranya yang kesemuanya termuat dalam Konstitusi Indonesia yaitu UUD 1945 hasil amandemen keempat pada tahun 2002. Upaya penegakan Hukum HAM dan perlindungan HAM Di indonesia juga diatur pada regulasi seperti UU Nomor UU HAM di Indonesia adalah UU No. 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia dan beberapa lainnya. Selain melalui regulasi juga dibentuk lembaga pengadilan HAM sebagai bentuk keseriusan pemerintah indonesia dalam upaya penegakan hukum HAM dan Perlindungan terhadap HAM. HAM dan maqashid syari'ah pada dasarnya adalah menjaga kemaslahatan seseorang. Maqashid memberikan alternatif solusi untuk menjaga hak-hak manusia.

Abstract
Islamic law with maqashid syariah can be used as a legal thought in enforcing human rights law. Considering that Islamic law is not only based on legal texts but also on Islamic values that are based on the Quran, Hadith, and the Ijtihad of scholars. This study aims to examine and understand the enforcement of human rights law from the perspective of Maqashid Syariah. The type of research used is normative legal research with a literature or library research approach and legislation. The results of the study show that Indonesia provides protection for its citizens' human rights, all of which are contained in the Indonesian Constitution, namely the 1945 Constitution as amended in 2002. Efforts to enforce human rights law and protect human rights in Indonesia are also regulated by laws such as Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights and several others. In addition to regulations, a human rights court was also established as a form of the Indonesian government's seriousness in efforts to enforce human rights law and protect human rights. Human rights and maqashid syari'ah are basically about maintaining the well-being of individuals. Maqashid provides alternative solutions for protecting human rights.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP HAK ATAS KESEHATAN YANG LAYAK BAGI WARGA BINAAN PEMASYARAKATAN PEREMPUAN LANJUT USIA (Studi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Magelang)
Authors: Dika Wahyu Putri  , Karim Asma 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap hak atas kesehatan yang layak bagi warga binaan Pemasyarakatan perempuan lanjut usia dan faktor penghambatnya. Jenis penelitian ini yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Bentuk perlindungan hukum dibagi menjadi 2, yaitu (a) Perlindungan hukum preventif, perlindungan tersebut mencakup hak atas ketersediaan (availability), hak atas keterjangkauan (accessibility), hak atas menerima atau mendapatkan (acceptability), hak atas kualitas (quality); (b) Perlindungan hukum represif, diberikan Pemerintah dengan penjatuhan sanksi bagi pelaku kekerasan dan diskriminasi kepada tenaga kesehatan yang sedang bertugas sesuai dengan Peraturan Undang-Undang. 2) Faktor penghambat perlindungan hukum terhadap hak atas kesehatan yang layak bagi warga binaan pemasyarakatan perempuan lanjut usia di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIA Magelang, antara lain: (a) Over kapasitas; (b) Kurangnya tenaga ahli medis; (c) Fasilitas yang kurang memadai; dan 4) Keterbatasan anggaran.

Abstract
This research aims to determine the legal protection for the right to adequate healthcare for elderly female inmates in Class IIA Magelang Penitentiary and the inhibiting factors. This research falls under the category of socio-legal studies. The research results indicate the following: Forms of legal protection are divided into 2 categories: (a) Preventive legal protection, which encompasses the right to availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality of healthcare. (b) Repressive legal protection, provided by the government through sanctions against individuals involved in violence and discrimination against healthcare professionals in accordance with the laws and regulations. Inhibiting factors for legal protection of the right to adequate healthcare for elderly female inmates in Class IIA Magelang Penitentiary include: (a) Overcrowding, (b) Lack of medical experts, (c) Inadequate facilities and (d) Budget constraints.
PERKEMBANGAN MORFOLOGI PEMUKIMAN DI DESA KARYA BARU
Authors: Nurmiah Nurmiah 
Published: August 2024

Desa Karya baru merupakan desa yang berada di kecamatan Dengilo Kabupaten Pohuwato provinsi Gorontalo memiliki luas lahan 18.874 hektar. Data penduduk Desa Karya Baru pada tahun 2017 penduduk desa berjumlah 1.151 jiwa. Kemudian pada tahun 2021 jumlah penduduk meningkat menjadi 1.168 jiwa. Seiring berjalannnya waktu Desa Karya Baru mengalami perkembangan pada fasilitas publik berupa, listrik dan jaringan, bangunan, jalan dan jembatan serta drainase. Perkembangan tidak hanya bermakna kemajuan tetapi juga kemunduran (Dr. Masganti Sit, 2015). Perkembangan mencakup hal-hal yang bersifat kualitatif dan kuantitatif Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk morfologi permukiman di desa karya baru. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dari hasil penelitian deskripsi kualitatif kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Tisseu Analysis untuk menemukan perubahan morfologi yang ada di Desa Karya Baru. Dari penelitian di dapatkan beberapa perubahan morfologi di Desa Karya Baru terjadi pada bangunan rumah tinggal, fasilitas jalan dan jembatan, dan bangunan Pendidikan.
Rotation and Hα Emission in a Young SMC Cluster: A Spectroscopic View of NGC 330
Authors: Cristofari Paul I. , Dupree Andrea K. , Milone Antonino P. , Walker Matthew G. , Mateo Mario , Dotter Aaron , Bailey John I. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present an analysis of high-resolution optical spectra recorded for 30 stars of the split extended main-sequence turnoff of the young (∼40 Myr) Small Magellanic Cloud globular cluster NGC 330. Spectra were obtained with the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System and Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectrographs located on the Magellan-Clay 6.5 m telescope. These spectra revealed the presence of Be stars, occupying primarily the cool side of the split main sequence. Rotational velocity (

v
sin
i

) measurements for most of the targets are consistent with the presence of two populations of stars in the cluster: one made up of rapidly rotating Be stars (

〈
v
sin
i
〉
≈
200

km s−1) and the other consisting of warmer stars with slower rotation (

〈
v
sin
i
〉
≈
50

km s−1). Core emission in the Hδ photospheric lines was observed for most of the Hα emitters. The shell parameter computed for the targets in our sample indicates that most of the observed stars should have inclinations below 75°. These results confirm the detection of Be stars obtained through photometry but also reveal the presence of narrow Hα and Hδ features for some targets that cannot be detected with low-resolution spectroscopy or photometry. Asymmetry variability of Hα line profiles on the timescales of a few years is also observed and could provide information on the geometry of the decretion disks. Observations revealed the presence of nebular Hα emission, strong enough in faint targets to compromise the extraction of spectra and to impact narrow-band photometry used to assess the presence of Hα emission.
Climate Regimes across the Habitable Zone: A Comparison of Synchronous Rocky M and K Dwarf Planets
Authors: Lobo Ana H. , Shields Aomawa L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
M and K dwarf stars make up 86% of the stellar population and host many promising astronomical targets for detecting habitable climates in the near future. Of the two, M dwarfs currently offer greater observational advantages and are home to many of the most exciting observational discoveries in the last decade. But K dwarfs could offer even better prospects for detecting habitability by combining the advantages of a relatively dim stellar flux with a more stable stellar environment. Here we explore the climate regimes that are possible on Earth-like synchronous planets in M and K dwarf systems, and how they vary across the habitable zone. We focus on surface temperature patterns, water availability, and implications for habitability. We find that the risk of nightside cold trapping decreases with increased orbital radius and is overall lower for K dwarf planets. With reduced atmospheric shortwave absorption, K dwarf planets have higher dayside precipitation rates and less day-to-night moisture transport, resulting in lower nightside snow rates. These results imply a higher likelihood of detecting a planet with a moist dayside climate in a habitable “eyeball” climate regime orbiting a K dwarf star. We also show that “terminator habitability” can occur for both M and K dwarf land planets, but would likely be more prevalent in M dwarf systems. Planets in a terminator habitability regime tend to have slightly lower fractional habitability, but offer alternative advantages including instellation rates more comparable to Earth in regions that have temperatures amenable to life.
Chemical Doppelgangers in GALAH DR3: The Distinguishing Power of Neutron-capture Elements among Milky Way Disk Stars
Authors: Manea Catherine , Hawkins Keith , Ness Melissa K. , Buder Sven , Martell Sarah L. , Zucker Daniel B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The observed chemical diversity of Milky Way stars places important constraints on Galactic chemical evolution and the mixing processes that operate within the interstellar medium. Recent works have found that the chemical diversity of disk stars is low. For example, the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) “chemical doppelganger rate,” or the rate at which random pairs of field stars appear as chemically similar as stars born together, is high, and the chemical distributions of APOGEE stars in some Galactic populations are well-described by two-dimensional models. However, limited attention has been paid to the heavy elements (Z > 30) in this context. In this work, we probe the potential for neutron-capture elements to enhance the chemical diversity of stars by determining their effect on the chemical doppelganger rate. We measure the doppelganger rate in GALactic Archaeology with HERMES DR3, with abundances rederived using The Cannon, and find that considering the neutron-capture elements decreases the doppelganger rate from ∼2.2% to 0.4%, nearly a factor of 6, for stars with −0.1 < [Fe/H] < 0.1. While chemical similarity correlates with similarity in age and dynamics, including neutron-capture elements does not appear to select stars that are more similar in these characteristics. Our results highlight that the neutron-capture elements contain information that is distinct from that of the lighter elements and thus add at least one dimension to Milky Way abundance space. This work illustrates the importance of considering the neutron-capture elements when chemically characterizing stars and motivates ongoing work to improve their atomic data and measurements in spectroscopic surveys.
The Universe SPHEREx Will See: Empirically Based Galaxy Simulations and Redshift Predictions
Authors: Feder Richard M. , Masters Daniel C. , Lee Bomee , Bock James J. , Chiang Yi-Kuan , Choi Ami , Doré Olivier , Hemmati Shoubaneh , Ilbert Olivier 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We simulate galaxy properties and redshift estimation for SPHEREx, the next NASA Medium Class Explorer. To make robust models of the galaxy population and test the spectrophotometric redshift performance for SPHEREx, we develop a set of synthetic spectral energy distributions based on detailed fits to COSMOS2020 photometry spanning 0.1–8 μm. Given that SPHEREx obtains low-resolution spectra, emission lines will be important for some fraction of galaxies. Here, we expand on previous work, using better photometry and photometric redshifts from COSMOS2020 and tight empirical relations to predict robust emission-line strengths and ratios. A second galaxy catalog derived from the GAMA survey is generated to ensure the bright (m

AB
< 18 in the i band) sample is representative over larger areas. Using template fitting to estimate photometric continuum redshifts, we forecast the recovery of 19 million galaxies over 30,000 deg2 with redshifts better than σ

z
< 0.003(1 + z), 445 million with σ

z
< 0.1(1 + z), and 810 million with σ

z
< 0.2(1 + z). We also find through idealized tests that emission-line information from spectrally dithered flux measurements can yield redshifts with accuracy beyond that implied by the naive SPHEREx channel resolution, motivating the development of a hybrid continuum–line redshift estimation approach.
Action-angle Variables for Axisymmetric Potentials via Birkhoff Normalization
Authors: Hadden Sam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We describe a method for calculating action-angle (AA) variables in axisymmetric galactic potentials using Birkhoff normalization, a technique from Hamiltonian perturbation theory. An advantageous feature of this method is that it yields explicit series expressions for both the forward and inverse transformations between the AA variables and position–velocity data. It also provides explicit expressions for the Hamiltonian and dynamical frequencies as functions of the action variables. We test this method by examining orbits in a Milky Way model potential and compare it to the popular Stäckel approximation method. When vertical actions are not too large, the Birkhoff normalization method achieves fractional errors smaller than a part in 103 and outperforms the Stäckel approximation. We also show that the range over which Birkhoff normalization provides accurate results can be extended by constructing Padé approximants from the perturbative series expressions developed with the method. Numerical routines in Python for carrying out the Birkhoff normalization procedure are made available.
5–25 μm Galaxy Number Counts from Deep JWST Data
Authors: Stone Meredith A. , Alberts Stacey , Rieke George H. , Bunker Andrew J. , Lyu 吕 Jianwei 建伟 , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Shivaei Irene , Zhu Yongda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Galaxy number counts probe the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time and serve as a valuable comparison point to theoretical models of galaxy formation. We present new galaxy number counts in eight photometric bands between 5 and 25 μm from the Systematic Mid-infrared Instrument Legacy Extragalactic Survey and the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey deep MIRI parallel, extending to unprecedented depth. By combining our new MIRI counts with existing data from Spitzer and AKARI, we achieve counts across 3–5 orders of magnitude in flux in all MIRI bands. Our counts diverge from predictions from recent semianalytical models of galaxy formation, likely due to their treatment of mid-IR aromatic features. Finally, we integrate our combined JWST−Spitzer counts at 8 and 24 μm to measure the cosmic infrared background (CIB) light at these wavelengths; our measured CIB fluxes are consistent with those from previous mid-IR surveys but larger than predicted by models based on TeV blazar data.
In-field Phasing at the Upgraded GMRT
Authors: Kudale Sanjay , Roy Jayanta , Chengalur Jayaram N. , Sharma Shyam , Kumari Sangita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In time-domain radio astronomy with arrays, voltages from individual antennas are added together with proper delay and fringe correction to form the beam in real time. In order to achieve the correct phased addition of antenna voltages, one has to also correct for the ionospheric and instrumental gains. Conventionally this is done using observations of a calibrator source located near to the target field. This scheme is suboptimal since it does not correct for the variation of the gains with time and position in the sky. Further, since the ionospheric phase variation is typically most rapid at the longest baselines, the most distant antennas are often excluded while forming the beam. We present here a different methodology (“in-field phasing”), in which the gains are obtained in real-time using a model of the intensity distribution in the target field, which overcomes all of these drawbacks. We present observations with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) which demonstrates that in-field phasing does lead to a significant improvement in sensitivity. We also show, using observations of the millisecond pulsar J1120−3618 that this in turn leads to a significant improvement of measurements of the Dispersion Measure and Time of Arrival. Finally, we present test observations of the GMRT discovered eclipsing black widow pulsar J1544+4937 showing that in-field phasing leads to improvement in the measurement of the cut-off frequency of the eclipse.
The Dzhanibekov Effect as a Possible Source of Magnetar Activity
Authors: Wada Tomoki , Shimoda Jiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Magnetars, which are neutron stars with strong magnetic fields, exhibit occasional bursting activities. The shape of a magnetar is not perfectly spherical due to the Lorentz force exerted by its strong magnetic fields and is described as a triaxial body. We study the unstable free precession in a triaxial magnetar; one of the principal axes undergoes an upside-down flip. This flip is known as the Dzhanibekov effect. We find that during the flip, the Euler force can suddenly disturb the force balance on the surface layer of the magnetar, potentially leading to plastic flow of the layer. This, in turn, may trigger different forms of magnetar activity, such as the emission of the bursts and/or of gravitational waves.
An Extragalactic Widefield Search for Technosignatures with the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Tremblay C. D. , Tingay S. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It is common for surveys that are designed to find artificial signals generated by distant civilizations to focus on galactic sources. Recently, researchers have started focusing on searching for all other sources within the field observed, including the vast population of background galaxies. Toward a population of galaxies in the background toward the Vela supernova remnant, we search for technosignatures, spectral and temporal features consistent with our understanding of technology. We set transmitter power limits for the detection of signals in a population of over 1300 galaxies within a single field of view observed with the Murchison Widefield Array.
A review of unsupervised k-value selection techniques in clustering algorithms
Authors: Pegado-Bardayo Ana , Lorenzo-Espejo Antonio , Muñuzuri Jesús , Escudero-Santana Alejandro 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Automatic grouping of data according to certain characteristics is made possible by clustering algorithms, which makes them an essential tool when working with large datasets. However, although they are unsupervised tools, they generally require the specification of the number of clusters to be formed, k, a task that may be simple for a human, but quite complex to automate. Despite the most commonly used k-value selection techniques offer acceptable results, they are not without shortcomings, suggesting that there is ample room for improvement. This paper briefly introduces clustering techniques, discusses the main shortcomings of conventional k-value selection techniques and examines the advantages and limitations of nine promising alternatives presented in recent years.Design/methodology/approach: An evaluation of the main shortcomings of classic k-value estimation techniques has been carried out, and the newest proposals have been explained and compared.Findings: New k-value estimation indices and methodologies proposed by authors guarantee better results, extending the use of these techniques to large volumes of data, and complex shapes and structures. However, no generical methodology able to overcome all the described shortcomings has still been developed.Research limitations/implications: This research is limited to the newest developed techniques for k-value estimation, including proposals published since 2019. Older proposals have not been considered, as the newest ones overcome the former’s shortcomings. A k-value estimation techniques review published in 2019 is cited in the test as a base reference.Practical implications: Although the examples listed in the text apply to industry, the techniques described and discussed in this review are applicable to any area of science that can benefit from the use of clustering techniques.Originality/value: To date, there has been no paper comparing the new k-value estimation techniques. Although there are literature reviews comparing the classical methods, these methods are nowadays nearly obsolete due to the complexity of the data usually faced.
First reported case of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in pregnancy in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nawaz Saumya , Weerasinghe Sajitha C. , Gihan Champika , Medagama Arjuna 
Published: August 2024

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) complicating pregnancy is a rare occurrence, posing challenges to the management due to maternal and fetal risks including fetal loss, fetal anomalies, intrauterine fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm labour. We report a case of a 21-year-old primiparous woman who was diagnosed with ADEM during the second trimester. She was treated with high dose intravenous (IV) steroids as well as IV immunoglobulin. She made complete neurological recovery within two months, but there were fetal complications including oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. The baby was delivered via elective caesarean section due to suspicious cardiotocograph and abnormal fetal doppler studies indicative of compromised fetal circulation. The baby was given special baby care unit (SBCU) care. However, both the mother and baby were safely discharged following six days of special neonatal care. This is the first reported case of ADEM in pregnancy in Sri Lanka, and highlights the challenges in management.