bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Africains des marges vus par des lettrés africains dans l'Anthologia Latina
Authors: Desanges Jehan 
Published: July 2015

L'Anthologia Latina a recueilli une série d'épigrammes anonymes, le plus souvent rédigées à l'époque vandale, et des poèmes assignés à Luxorius, un sénatorial familier de la cour des derniers rois vandales. L 'attention est attirée sur deux pièces de vers de chacun de ces ensembles. Elles concernent des individus appartenant à des populations situées dans les marges de l'Empire romain : un Arzuge, mauvais poète, deux Garamantes d'humble condition, dont l'un est assimilé à un Noir, et un uenator « égyptien », également de carnation noire (d'origine nubienne ?), qui s'illustre dans l'amphithéâtre de Carthage.
Assurément, il faut se garder des généralisations à partir d'un très petit nombre de textes. Toutefois on sera enclin à admettre que ces textes révèlent l'état d'esprit de certains lettrés africains qui semblent préférer le contact des Vandales- ou au moins de leur cour royale- à l'irruption de l'« Afrique profonde » dans leur oasis culturelle.
Evidence-based Health Informatics: How Do We Know What We Know?
Authors: Ammenwerth E. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackground: Health IT is expected to have a positive impact on the quality and efficiency of health care. But reports on negative impact and patient harm continue to emerge. The obligation of health informatics is to make sure that health IT solutions provide as much benefit with as few negative side effects as possible. To achieve this, health informatics as a discipline must be able to learn, both from its successes as well as from its failures.Objectives: To present motivation, vision, and history of evidence-based health informatics, and to discuss achievements, challenges, and needs for action.Methods: Reflections on scientific literature and on own experiences.Results: Eight challenges on the way towards evidence-based health informatics are identified and discussed: quality of studies; publication bias; reporting quality; availability of publications; systematic reviews and meta-analysis; training of health IT evaluation experts; translation of evidence into health practice; and post-market surveil-lance. Identified needs for action comprise: establish health IT study registers; increase the quality of publications; develop a taxonomy for health IT systems; improve indexing of published health IT evaluation papers; move from meta-analysis to meta-summaries; include health IT evaluation competencies in curricula; develop evidence-based implementation frameworks; and establish post-marketing surveillance for health IT.Conclusions: There has been some progress, but evidence-based health informatics is still in its infancy. Building evidence in health informatics is our obligation if we consider medical informatics a scientific discipline.
MOSAIC – A Modular Approach to Data Management in Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Bialke M. , Bahls T. , Havemann C. , Piegsa J. , Weitmann K. , Wegner T. , Hoffmann W. 
Published: July 2015

Summary
Introduction: In the context of an increasing number of multi-centric studies providing data from different sites and sources the necessity for central data management (CDM) becomes undeniable. This is exacerbated by a multiplicity of featured data types, formats and interfaces. In relation to methodological medical research the definition of central data management needs to be broadened beyond the simple storage and archiving of research data.
Objectives: This paper highlights typical requirements of CDM for cohort studies and registries and illustrates how orientation for CDM can be provided by addressing selected data management challenges.
Methods: Therefore in the first part of this paper a short review summarises technical, organisational and legal challenges for CDM in cohort studies and registries. A deduced set of typical requirements of CDM in epidemiological research follows.
Results: In the second part the MOSAIC project is introduced (a modular systematic approach to implement CDM). The modular nature of MOSAIC contributes to manage both technical and organisational challenges efficiently by providing practical tools. A short presentation of a first set of tools, aiming for selected CDM requirements in cohort studies and registries, comprises a template for comprehensive documentation of data protection measures, an interactive reference portal for gaining insights and sharing experiences, supplemented by modular software tools for generation and management of generic pseudonyms, for participant management and for sophisticated consent management.
Conclusions: Altogether, work within MOSAIC addresses existing challenges in epidemiological research in the context of CDM and facilitates the standardized collection of data with pre-programmed modules and provided document templates. The necessary effort for in-house programming is reduced, which accelerates the start of data collection.
Exploiting Distributed, Heterogeneous and Sensitive Data Stocks while Maintaining the Owner’s Data Sovereignty
Authors: Lablans M. , Kadioglu D. , Muscholl M. , Ückert F. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackground: To achieve statistical significance in medical research, biological or data samples from several bio- or databanks often need to be complemented by those of other institutions. For that purpose, IT-based search services have been established to locate datasets matching a given set of criteria in databases distributed across several institutions. However, previous approaches require data owners to disclose information about their samples, raising a barrier for their participation in the network.Objective: To devise a method to search distributed databases for datasets matching a given set of criteria while fully maintaining their owner’s data sovereignty.Methods: As a modification to traditional federated search services, we propose the decentral search, which allows the data owner a high degree of control. Relevant data are loaded into local bridgeheads, each under their owner’s sovereignty. Researchers can formulate criteria sets along with a project proposal using a central search broker, which then notifies the bridgeheads. The criteria are, however, treated as an inquiry rather than a query: Instead of responding with results, bridgeheads notify their owner and wait for his/her decision regarding whether and what to answer based on the criteria set, the matching datasets and the specific project proposal. Without the owner’s explicit consent, no data leaves his/ her institution.Results: The decentral search has been deployed in one of the six German Centers for Health Research, comprised of eleven university hospitals. In the process, compliance with German data protection regulations has been confirmed. The decentral search also marks the centerpiece of an open source registry software toolbox aiming to build a national registry of rare diseases in Germany.Conclusions: While the sacrifice of real-time answers impairs some use-cases, it leads to several beneficial side effects: improved data protection due to data parsimony, tolerance for incomplete data schema mappings and flexibility with regard to patient consent. Most importantly, as no datasets ever leave their institution, owners can reject projects without facing potential peer pressure. By its lower barrier for participation, a decentral search service is likely to attract a larger number of partners and to bring a researcher into contact with the right potential partners.
Use of computed tomography to compare two femoral head and neck excision ostectomy techniques as performed by two novice veterinarians
Authors: O’Donnell M. D. , Bobe G. , Scholz R. P. , Wiest J. E. , Nemanic S. , Warnock J. J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectives: To compare the results of femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) ostectomy performed by two novice veterinarians using an osteotome and mallet or microsagittal saw.Methods: In this ex vivo cadaveric study, hindlimbs of eight canine cadavers were randomized to FHNE with osteotome or micro sagittal saw as performed by two recently graduated veterinarians. The hindimbs were imaged by computed tomography (CT) before and after the osteotomy. Post FHNE CT images were evaluated by a board certified radiologist blinded to the ostectomy technique for assessment of the number of bone fragments, fissures, smoothness of osteotomy margination, and volume of residual fe-moral neck.Results: Femoral head and neck excision performed with the osteotome produced more peri-ostectomy bone fragments, cortical fissures, irregular margins, and residual femoral neck volume, compared with osteotomy using a saw.Clinical relevance: Compared to FHNE performed with a sagittal saw, osteotome FHNE resulted in a greater bone trauma and residual neck bone volume, which would require post-ostectomy modification in a clinical setting.
Extent of Systemic Spread Determines CD8+ T Cell Immunodominance for Laboratory Strains, Smallpox Vaccines, and Zoonotic Isolates of Vaccinia Virus
Authors: Flesch Inge E. A. , Hollett Natasha A. , Wong Yik Chun , Quinan Bárbara Resende , Howard Debbie , da Fonseca Flávio G. , Tscharke David C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
CD8+ T cells that recognize virus-derived peptides presented on MHC class I are vital antiviral effectors. Such peptides presented by any given virus vary greatly in immunogenicity, allowing them to be ranked in an immunodominance hierarchy. However, the full range of parameters that determine immunodominance and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we show across a range of vaccinia virus strains, including the current clonal smallpox vaccine, that the ability of a strain to spread systemically correlated with reduced immunodominance. Reduction in immunodominance was observed both in the lymphoid system and at the primary site of infection. Mechanistically, reduced immunodominance was associated with more robust priming and especially priming in the spleen. Finally, we show this is not just a property of vaccine and laboratory strains of virus, because an association between virulence and immunodominance was also observed in isolates from an outbreak of zoonotic vaccinia virus that occurred in Brazil.
Multiple Cathepsins Promote Pro–IL-1β Synthesis and NLRP3-Mediated IL-1β Activation
Authors: Orlowski Gregory M. , Colbert Jeff D. , Sharma Shruti , Bogyo Matthew , Robertson Stephanie A. , Rock Kenneth L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Sterile particles induce robust inflammatory responses that underlie the pathogenesis of diseases like silicosis, gout, and atherosclerosis. A key cytokine mediating this response is IL-1β. The generation of bioactive IL-1β by sterile particles is mediated by the NOD-like receptor containing a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, although exactly how this occurs is incompletely resolved. Prior studies have found that the cathepsin B inhibitor, Ca074Me, suppresses this response, supporting a model whereby ingested particles disrupt lysosomes and release cathepsin B into the cytosol, somehow activating NLRP3. However, reports that cathepsin B-deficient macrophages have no defect in particle-induced IL-1β generation have questioned cathepsin B’s involvement. In this study, we examine the hypothesis that multiple redundant cathepsins (not just cathepsin B) mediate this process by evaluating IL-1β generation in murine macrophages, singly or multiply deficient in cathepsins B, L, C, S and X. Using an activity-based probe, we measure specific cathepsin activity in living cells, documenting compensatory changes in cathepsin-deficient cells, and Ca074Me’s dose-dependent cathepsin inhibition profile is analyzed in parallel with its suppression of particle-induced IL-1β secretion. Also, we evaluate endogenous cathepsin inhibitors cystatins C and B. Surprisingly, we find that multiple redundant cathepsins, inhibited by Ca074Me and cystatins, promote pro–IL-1β synthesis, and to our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that cathepsin X plays a nonredundant role in nonparticulate NLRP3 activation. Finally, we find cathepsin inhibitors selectively block particle-induced NLRP3 activation, independently of suppressing pro–IL-1β synthesis. Altogether, we demonstrate that both small molecule and endogenous cathepsin inhibitors suppress particle-induced IL-1β secretion, implicating roles for multiple cathepsins in both pro–IL-1β synthesis and NLRP3 activation.
Restoration of CD4+ Responses to Copathogens in HIV-Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy Is Dependent on T Cell Memory Phenotype
Authors: Riou Catherine , Tanko Ramla F. , Soares Andreia P. , Masson Lindi , Werner Lise , Garrett Nigel J. , Samsunder Natasha , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Burgers Wendy A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) induces rapid suppression of viral replication and a progressive replenishment of CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals. However, the effect of ART on restoring pre-existing memory CD4+ T cells specific for common copathogens is still unclear. To better understand the dynamics of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells during ART, we assessed the frequency, functional capacity, and memory profile of CD4+ T cells specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and CMV in 15 HIV-infected individuals before and 1 y after ART initiation. After ART initiation, the frequency of M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells showed little change, whereas CMV-specific CD4+ T cells were significantly lower (p = 0.003). There was no difference in the polyfunctional or memory profile of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells before and after ART. The replenishment of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells correlated with the memory differentiation profile of these cells prior to ART. Pathogen-specific CD4+ T cells exhibiting a late differentiated profile (CD45RO+CD27−) had a lower capacity to replenish (p = 0.019; r = −0.5) compared with cells with an early differentiated profile (CD45RO+CD27+; p = 0.04; r = 0.45). In conclusion, restoration of copathogen-specific memory CD4+ T cells during treated HIV infection is related to their memory phenotype, in which early differentiated cells (such as most M. tuberculosis–specific cells) have a higher replenishment capacity compared with late differentiated cells (such as most CMV-specific cells). These data identify an important, hitherto unrecognized, factor that may limit restoration of copathogen immunity in HIV-infected individuals on ART.
The Eigenfunctions and Exact Solutions of Discrete mKdV Hierarchy with Self-Consistent Sources via the Inverse Scattering Transform
Authors: Li Q. , Zhang J. B. , Chen D. Y. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAnother form of the discrete mKdV hierarchy with self-consistent sources is given in the paper. The self-consistent sources is presented only by the eigenfunctions corresponding to the reduction of the Ablowitz-Ladik spectral problem. The exact soliton solutions are also derived by the inverse scattering transform.
Asymptotic Expansions and Extrapolations ofH1-Galerkin Mixed Finite Element Method for Strongly Damped Wave Equation
Authors: Shi Dongyang , Tang Qili , Liao Xin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a high-accuracyH1-Galerkin mixed finite element method (MFEM) for strongly damped wave equation is studied by linear triangular finite element. By constructing a suitable extrapolation scheme, the convergence rates can be improved from𝒪(h) to𝒪(h3) both for the original variableuinH1(Ω) norm and for the actual stress variablep= ∇utinH(div;Ω) norm, respectively. Finally, numerical results are presented to confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis and excellent performance of the proposed method.
Evaluation of milk yield in tsigaiewes by somatic cell count
Authors: Vršková Martina , Tančin Vladimí­r , Kirchnerová Katarí­na , Sláma Petr 
Published: July 2015

The objective of our research was to study daily milk production which was affected by somatic cell count (SCC). The study was performed on a selected flock of purebred Tsigai ewes (326 animals). Regular milk yield recording was performed during the evening milking in around the middle of April, May and June. Milk samples were analyzed for basic milk composition (fat, protein and lactose) and somatic cells count. SCC were evaluated using decadic logarithm (logSCC).According to animals, the dairy ewes were divided into the four groups on the basis of individual SCC (G1 = SCC <100 × 103 cells.mL-1, G2 = SCC between 100 – 300 × 103 cells.mL-1, G3 = SCC between 300 – 600 × 103 cells.mL-1, G4 = SCC >600 × 103 cells.mL-1 to study the frequency of distribution of animals in selected group of ewes throughout experimental period. The average daily milk production in selected flock of Tsigai was 421.02 mL. We reached the highest daily milk production in April 476.40 ml and the highest content of fat and protein in June, while milk production was the lowest. From this flock of purebred Tsigai 76% of eweswere belowSCC 300 × 103 cells.mL-1. This SCC indicated a good health status of experimental ewes, at which 61% sheep were at the first lactation. We found a tendency to lower milk production by a higher SCC. With the increasing SCC decreased lactose content from 4.78% (G1) to 4.32% (G4). Reduced lactose content refers to the occurrence of mastitis and there is a need for performing bacteriological examination in milk.
Occurrence of Enterococcus spp. isolated from the milk and milk products
Authors: Lačanin Ines , Dušková Marta , Kladnická Iva , Karpí­šková Renáta 
Published: July 2015

Enterococcus spp. is the most controversial group of lactic acid bacteria that have been for years ascribed with beneficial or detrimental role in food and feed. The aim of our study was to monitor the occurrence of Enterococcus spp. as the indicator of the contamination from collected samples of raw cow's milk, goat's colostrum and whey (n = 186). Cultures of enterococci were cultivated and purified and identified by the genus-specific and species-specific PCR method (n = 230). Among suspected isolates in total 222 isolates (96.5%) were identified as Enterococcus spp. The results were the same in all samples separately, more than 90% each of them were positive to Enterococcus spp. The results of counting the number of cultivated colonies showed that the largest number of enterococci is found in the samples of whey taken after the process of electrodialysis and the smallest in the native whey sample. From collected whey samples, 64 samples (90%) were PCR positive for enterococci species. Afterwards within the identification of several selected isolates that were identified, as Enterococcus spp. by the species-specific PCR method the most frequently presented in all of isolates was Enterococccus faecalis. Apparently the presence of enterococci was detected in all samples, but in amounts that aren't hazardous for human health. Although enterococci are oportunistic pathogens, it seems that they occur frequently in foods (especially fermented) in large numbers.
Dietary patterns and lifestyle of patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Lorková Marta , Kopčeková Jana , Gažarová Martina , Habánová Marta , Chlebo Peter , Magula Daniel , Mrázová Jana 
Published: July 2015

Civilization diseases, including cardiovascular, are major health problems in current modern society. Numerous studies provided sufficient evidence that variety of risk factors are involved in cardiovascular diseases formation. Of the most important is the lifestyle that largely contributes to our health, up to 50 - 60%. Lifestyle includes all modifiable risk factors that together affect the development of these diseases. In our study we searched and evaluated the nutritional parameters and lifestyle of patients hospitalized in Cardiocentre Nitra. In order to obtain the necessary information we chose the questionnaire method. In our survey 194 patients were included, of which 155 were men (79.89%) and 39 (20.11%) women. These patients were hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. The vast majority of patients had overweight and obesity caused by improper eating habits. The high prevalence of overweight, BMI in the range 25 - 30 kg/m2, was also confirmed as statistically significant, p <0.05 (P=0.02). BMI over 25 kg/m2 was present in 85% of men and 80% of women. The consumption of selected food commodities with evidence of a positive or negative impact on the emergence of acute myocardial infarction was not statistically significant (p >0.05) when evaluating dietary habits. But we can confirm too frequent consumption of chicken at the expense of other types of meat and relatively frequent consumption of fish (once a week). We recorded the preference of semi-skimmed dairy products, but also high and inappropriate consumption of full-fat dairy products in men and women (37% and 17.8%, respectively). Daily intake of fruits and vegetables was in 85.9% of women and 64.7% of men. Everyday intake of bread and pastries was confirmed by 100% of respondents. Lifestyle was evaluated according to the presence of smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Up to 60.5% of men and 26.4% of women admitted smoking, while 34.6% of men and 7.5% women ended up with the habit after myocardial infarction. The excessive alcohol consumption was not detected in the study group. Approximately 67% of men and 56% of women carry out an easier walking and moderate physical activity while taking into account their health status.
From Sound to Significance: Exploring the Mechanisms Underlying Emotional Reactions to Music
Authors: Juslin Patrick N. , Barradas Gonçalo , Eerola Tuomas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA common approach to studying emotional reactions to music is to attempt to obtain direct links between musical surface features such as tempo and a listener’s responses. however, such an analysis ultimately fails to explain why emotions are aroused in the listener. in this article we explore an alternative approach, which aims to account for musical emotions in terms of a set of psychological mechanisms that are activated by different types of information in a musical event. this approach was tested in 4 experiments that manipulated 4 mechanisms (brain stem reflex, contagion, episodic memory, musical expectancy) by selecting existing musical pieces that featured information relevant for each mechanism. the excerpts were played to 60 listeners, who were asked to rate their felt emotions on 15 scales. skin conductance levels and facial expressions were measured, and listeners reported subjective impressions of relevance to specific mechanisms. results indicated that the target mechanism conditions evoked emotions largely as predicted by a multimechanism framework and that mostly similar effects occurred across the experiments that included different pieces of music. we conclude that a satisfactory account of musical emotions requires consideration of how musical features and responses are mediated by a range of underlying mechanisms.