bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender disparity in the use of drug‐eluting stents during percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Iyanoye Adeyemi , Moreyra Abel E. , Swerdel Joel N. , Gandhi Sampada K. , Cabrera Javier , Cosgrove Nora M. , Kostis John B. ,   for the MIDAS 23 Study Group
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveWe examined gender disparity in the use of drug‐eluting stents (DES) versus bare metal stents (BMS) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and gender disparity in all‐cause mortality after coronary stent implantation for AMI.BackgroundGender disparities in AMI managements have been well documented, but it is unclear whether these disparities are seen in the type of coronary stent implantation for AMI and outcomes.MethodsHospital discharge data from January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2010 in New Jersey from the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System were used to identify 40,215 patients (12,878 women and 27,337 men) with coronary stent implantation for AMI. The in‐hospital, short term (30 days) and long term (1 and 5 year) all‐cause mortality rates, unadjusted and adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, were determined.ResultsWomen were older than men and had a higher prevalence of co‐morbidities. Men had higher prevalence of prior coronary revascularizations. After adjustment for co‐morbidities, there was no significant gender difference in the use of DES versus BMS for AMI, except in 2003 and 2006 where women were found to be more likely to receive a DES versus a BMS. After adjustment, women had higher odds of in‐hospital deaths but no difference in short and long‐term all‐cause mortality rates.ConclusionsThere was no significant gender difference in the proportion of DES implantation versus BMS for AMI in contemporary years. Women treated with either BMS or DES for AMI had higher in‐hospital death than men. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Study on the Catalytic Hydration of Carbon Dioxide by Catalysts that Mimic Carbonic Anhydrase Prepared with Zinc Salts
Authors: Kim Min‐Chul , Lee Sang‐Yup 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecently, a new catalyst that mimics carbonic anhydrase (CA) was constructed by the self‐assembly of histidyl bolaamphiphilic molecules and a Zn ion cofactor. The catalytic Zn ion complex in a tetrahedral coordination geometry is composed of self‐organized histidyl imidazoles and a single hydroxide ion. However, the Znhydroxide coordination, the key structure of the catalytic analogue, is disturbed by the pairing anion of the Zn salt. Here, the performances of the CA‐mimicking catalysts prepared from various Zn salts were examined along with CO2 hydration. Among the Zn salts with different anions, Zn(OH)2 showed the highest catalytic performance with increased CO2 hydrolysis activity. Spectroscopic and thermodynamic analyses proved the formation of histidineZnhydroxide coordination with a lowered activation energy if Zn(OH)2 was used. With regard to the anion interaction with the Zn ion, the catalytic performance is inversely proportional to the solution dissociation energy of the Zn salt.
Single‐Walled Metal–Organic Nanotube Built from a Simple Synthon
Authors: Adarsh Nayarassery N. , Dîrtu Marinela M. , Naik Anil D. , Léonard Alexandre F. , Campagnol Nicolo , Robeyns Koen , Snauwaert Johan , Fransaer Jan , Su Bao Lian , Garcia Yann 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA conformationally flexible triazole‐carboxylic acid ligand derived from an L‐amino acid, namely, 4 H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl‐acetic acid (αHGlytrz), has been exploited to synthesize a structurally diverse and functionally intriguing metal–organic framework with CuSiF6. The crystal structure reveals a novel single‐walled metal–organic nanotube (SWMONT), namely, {[Cu3(μ3‐OH)(H2O)3(Glytrz)3]⋅SiF6⋅8 H2O⋅X}∞ (1), (where X=disordered lattice water molecules) having a pore size as large as zeolites. Compound 1 was synthesized as crystals, as powder, or as layers by precipitation/electrodeposition. Mercury intrusion porosimetry demonstrates the ability of this material to store metallic mercury, after a pressure treatment, contrary to previous literature examples.
A systematic class AB state space synthesis method based on MOSFET square law and translinear square‐root cells
Authors: Surav Yilmaz Saziye , Tola Abdullah T. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA new state space Class AB synthesis method for the design of square‐root domain filter based on the MOSFET square law is proposed in this study. Those circuits designed by the proposed Class AB systematic synthesis method have the advantages of Class AB circuit structure and translinear circuits. Two alternative design procedures were suggested for designing new circuits. Proposed synthesis technique is applied for designing of a first order all‐pass filter and a third order low‐pass filter. Circuits are simulated in PSpice using 0.35 µm CMOS technology parameters. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of the proposed filters are performed, and simulation results of those are also presented. The simulation results show that the proposed synthesis technique is appropriate for the design of different types of filters and has the advantages of Class AB circuit structure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application specific integrated circuit solution for multi‐input multi‐output piecewise‐affine functions
Authors: Brox Piedad , Martínez‐Rodríguez Macarena C. , Tena‐Sánchez Erica , Baturone Iluminada , Acosta Antonio J. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a fully digital architecture and its application specific integrated circuit implementation for computing multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) piecewise‐affine (PWA) functions. The work considers both PWA functions defined over regular hyperrectangular and simplicial partitions of the input domains and also lattice PWA representations. The proposed architecture is able to implement PWA functions following different realization strategies, using a common structure with a minimized number of blocks, thus reducing power consumption and hardware resources. Experimental results obtained with application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) integrated in a 90‐nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor standard technology are provided. The proposed architecture is compared with other digital architectures in the state of the art habitually used to implement model predictive control applications. The proposal is superior in power consumption (saving up to 86%) and economy of hardware resources (saving up to 40% in comparison with a mere replication of the three representations) to other proposals described in literature, being ready to be used in applications where high‐performance and minimum unitary cost are required. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A load‐balancing and coding‐aware multicast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Geng Rong , Ning Zhaolong , Ye Ning 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a Load‐Balancing and Coding‐Aware Multicast (LCM) protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. In LCM protocol, a new route metric named Expected Transmission Time with Coding and Load Balancing (ETTCL) is presented at first, aiming at effectively selecting the path not only that has the possible coding opportunity but also where overflow due to network overload can be prevented. Then, we describe the route discovery phase by constructing the node‐disjoint multicast tree on the basis of ETTCL and employ network coding to encode the data flows for route maintenance. The effectiveness of LCM protocol is simulated and analyzed by NS‐2, which shows that this protocol has good performance in reducing average end‐to‐end delay and control overhead and can improve packet delivery ratio compared with the existing protocol. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecohydrological controls on grass and shrub above‐ground net primary productivity in a seasonally dry climate
Authors: Parolari Anthony J. , Goulden Michael L. , Bras Rafael L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSeasonally dry, water‐limited regions are often co‐dominated by distinct herbaceous and woody plant communities with contrasting ecohydrological properties. We investigated the shape of the above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) response to annual precipitation (Pa) for adjacent grassland and shrubland ecosystems in Southern California, with the goal of understanding the role of these ecohydrological properties on ecosystem function. Our synthesis of observations and modelling demonstrates grassland and shrubland exhibit distinct ANPP‐Pa responses that correspond with characteristics of the long‐term Pa distribution and mean water balance fluxes. For annual grassland, no ANPP occurs below a ‘precipitation compensation point,’ where bare soil evaporation dominates the water balance, and ANPP saturates above the Pa where deep percolation and runoff contribute to the modelled water balance. For shrubs, ANPP increases at a lower and relatively constant rate across the Pa gradient, while deep percolation and runoff account for a smaller fraction of the modelled water balance. We identify precipitation seasonality, root depth, and water stress sensitivity as the main ecosystem properties controlling these responses. Observed ANPP‐Pa responses correspond to notably different patterns of rain‐use efficiency (RUE). Grass RUE exceeds shrub RUE over a wide range of typical Pa values, whereas grasses and shrubs achieve a similar RUE in particularly dry or wet years. Inter‐annual precipitation variability, and the concomitant effect on ANPP, plays a critical role in maintaining the balance of grass and shrub cover and ecosystem‐scale productivity across this landscape. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure: a dose–response meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Larsson Susanna C. , Orsini Nicola , Wolk Alicja 
Published: January 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to conduct a meta‐analysis of prospective studies assessing the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsWe searched the PubMed database from inception to September 2014 and reviewed the reference list of relevant articles to identify prospective studies assessing the association between alcohol consumption and risk of HF. Study‐specific relative risk (RR) estimates were combined using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis included eight prospective studies, with a total of 202 378 participants and 6211 cases of HF. The pooled adjusted RRs of HF were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.93] for light to moderate alcohol consumption (<14 drinks/week) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.72–1.13) for high alcohol consumption (≥14 drinks/week) compared with non‐drinkers. In a dose–response meta‐analysis, we observed a non‐linear relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of HF (P for non‐linearity = 0.001). Compared with non‐drinkers, the RRs (95% CI) across levels of alcohol consumption were 0.90 (0.84–0.96) for 3 drinks/week, 0.83 (0.73–0.95) for 7 drinks/week, 0.84 (0.72–0.98) for 10 drinks/week, 0.90 (0.73–1.10) for 14 drinks/week, and 1.07 (0.77–1.48) for 21 drinks/week.ConclusionAlcohol consumption in moderation is associated with a reduced risk of HF.
Efficient Use of 1,2‐Dihaloazine Synthons in Transition‐Metal‐Free Preparation of Diverse Heterocycle‐Fused 1,4‐Oxazepines
Authors: Sapegin Alexander V. , Kalinin Stanislav A. , Smirnov Alexey V. , Dorogov Mikhail V. , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA previously reported condensation reaction of ambiphilic 2‐(1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)phenols with various o‐chloro‐substituted nitroaromatic synthons to provide medicinally important tetracyclic pyrazolo[1,5‐d][1,4]oxazepines was extended to more readily available and convenient‐to‐use 1,2‐dihaloazines. Although 4,5‐dichloropyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones and 2,3‐dichloropyrazine are popular bis(electrophilic) partners in various SNAr‐type condensations and also were efficiently used in the reaction reported herein, the facility with which various 3‐bromo‐2‐chloropyridines underwent the same cyclization was unexpected. These reactions are presumed to occur as sequential intermolecular SNAr/Smiles rearrangement/intramolecular SNAr tandem reactions and provide a rare example of the transition‐metal‐free substitution of a bromine atom at the 3‐position of a pyridine ring.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Arylation of 5‐Alkoxy‐3,4‐dibromo‐2(5H)‐furanone with Sodium Arylsulfinates
Authors: Shi Jie , Tang Xiao‐Dong , Wu Yan‐Cheng , Li Hua‐Nv , Song Liu‐Juan , Wang Zhao‐Yang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed desulfitative arylation reaction of 5‐alkoxy‐3,4‐dibromo‐2(5H)‐furanones to provide 5‐alkoxy‐4‐aryl‐3‐bromo‐2(5H)‐furanones is reported. This reaction has a high reaction site selectivity, which can realize arylation at the C4‐position. Various sodium arylsulfinates are well tolerated under the mild reaction conditions. The current study makes the arylation of general alkenyl halides possible by the use of cheap and easily available sodium arylsulfinates as aryl sources.
Multivariate spatio‐temporal modelling for assessing Antarctica's present‐day contribution to sea‐level rise
Authors: Zammit‐Mangion Andrew , Rougier Jonathan , Schön Nana , Lindgren Finn , Bamber Jonathan 
Published: January 2015

Antarctica is the world's largest fresh‐water reservoir, with the potential to raise sea levels by about 60 m. An ice sheet contributes to sea‐level rise (SLR) when its rate of ice discharge and/or surface melting exceeds accumulation through snowfall. Constraining the contribution of the ice sheets to present‐day SLR is vital both for coastal development and planning, and climate projections. Information on various ice sheet processes is available from several remote sensing data sets, as well as in situ data such as global positioning system data. These data have differing coverage, spatial support, temporal sampling and sensing characteristics, and thus, it is advantageous to combine them all in a single framework for estimation of the SLR contribution and the assessment of processes controlling mass exchange with the ocean.In this paper, we predict the rate of height change due to salient geophysical processes in Antarctica and use these to provide estimates of SLR contribution with associated uncertainties. We employ a multivariate spatio‐temporal model, approximated as a Gaussian Markov random field, to take advantage of differing spatio‐temporal properties of the processes to separate the causes of the observed change. The process parameters are estimated from geophysical models, while the remaining parameters are estimated using a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme, designed to operate in a high‐performance computing environment across multiple nodes. We validate our methods against a separate data set and compare the results to those from studies that invariably employ numerical model outputs directly. We conclude that it is possible, and insightful, to assess Antarctica's contribution without explicit use of numerical models. Further, the results obtained here can be used to test the geophysical numerical models for which in situ data are hard to obtain. © 2015 The Authors. Environmetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The Gellyfish: An in situ equilibrium-based sampler for determining multiple free metal ion concentrations in marine ecosystems
Authors: Dong Zhao , Lewis Christopher G. , Burgess Robert M. , Shine James P. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Free metal ions are usually the most bioavailable and toxic metal species to aquatic organisms, but they are difficult to measure because of their extremely low concentrations in the marine environment. Many of the current methods for determining free metal ions are complicated and time-consuming, and they can only measure 1 metal at a time. The authors developed a new version of the “Gellyfish,” an in situ equilibrium-based sampler, with significantly reduced equilibration time and the capability of measuring multiple free metal ions simultaneously. By calibrating the Gellyfish to account for its uptake of cationic metal complexes and validating them in multi-metal competition experiments, the authors were able to determine free metal ion concentrations previously collected over 10 mo at 5 locations in Boston Harbor for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, and Cd. This generated 1 of the largest free metal ion datasets and demonstrated the applicability of the Gellyfish as an easy-to-use and inexpensive tool for monitoring free ion concentrations of metal mixtures in marine ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:983–992. © 2015 SETAC
Reduced neural connectivity but increased task‐related activity during working memory in de novo Parkinson patients
Authors: Trujillo James P. , Gerrits Niels J.H.M. , Veltman Dick J. , Berendse Henk W. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , van den Heuvel Odile A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjective: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from impairments in executive functions, such as working memory deficits. It is widely held that dopamine depletion in the striatum contributes to these impairments through decreased activity and connectivity between task‐related brain networks. We investigated this hypothesis by studying task‐related network activity and connectivity within a sample of de novo patients with PD, versus healthy controls, during a visuospatial working memory task. Methods: Sixteen de novo PD patients and 35 matched healthy controls performed a visuospatial n‐back task while we measured their behavioral performance and neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We constructed regions‐of‐interest in the bilateral inferior parietal cortex (IPC), bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and bilateral caudate nucleus to investigate group differences in task‐related activity. We studied network connectivity by assessing the functional connectivity of the bilateral DLPFC and by assessing effective connectivity within the frontoparietal and the frontostriatal networks. Results: PD patients, compared with controls, showed trend‐significantly decreased task accuracy, significantly increased task‐related activity in the left DLPFC and a trend‐significant increase in activity of the right DLPFC, left caudate nucleus, and left IPC. Furthermore, we found reduced functional connectivity of the DLPFC with other task‐related regions, such as the inferior and superior frontal gyri, in the PD group, and group differences in effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network. Interpretation:These findings suggest that the increase in working memory‐related brain activity in PD patients is compensatory to maintain behavioral performance in the presence of network deficits. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1554–1566, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How reliable are gray matter disruptions in specific reading disability across multiple countries and languages? insights from a large‐scale voxel‐based morphometry study
Authors: Jednoróg Katarzyna , Marchewka Artur , Altarelli Irene , Monzalvo Lopez Ana Karla , van Ermingen‐Marbach Muna , Grande Marion , Grabowska Anna , Heim Stefan , Ramus Franck 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe neural basis of specific reading disability (SRD) remains only partly understood. A dozen studies have used voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to investigate gray matter volume (GMV) differences between SRD and control children, however, recent meta‐analyses suggest that few regions are consistent across studies. We used data collected across three countries (France, Poland, and Germany) with the aim of both increasing sample size (236 SRD and controls) to obtain a clearer picture of group differences, and of further assessing the consistency of the findings across languages. VBM analysis reveals a significant group difference in a single cluster in the left thalamus. Furthermore, we observe correlations between reading accuracy and GMV in the left supramarginal gyrus and in the left cerebellum, in controls only. Most strikingly, we fail to replicate all the group differences in GMV reported in previous studies, despite the superior statistical power. The main limitation of this study is the heterogeneity of the sample drawn from different countries (i.e., speaking languages with varying orthographic transparencies) and selected based on different assessment batteries. Nevertheless, analyses within each country support the conclusions of the cross‐linguistic analysis. Explanations for the discrepancy between the present and previous studies may include: (1) the limited suitability of VBM to reveal the subtle brain disruptions underlying SRD; (2) insufficient correction for multiple statistical tests and flexibility in data analysis, and (3) publication bias in favor of positive results. Thus the study echoes widespread concerns about the risk of false‐positive results inherent to small‐scale VBM studies. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1741–1754, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat exchange processes and thermal dynamics of a glacier‐fed alpine stream
Authors: Khamis K. , Brown L. E. , Milner A. M. , Hannah D. M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGlacier‐fed river thermal regimes vary markedly in space and time; however, knowledge is limited on the fundamental processes controlling alpine stream temperature dynamics. To address the research gap, this study quantified heat exchanges at the water surface and bed of the Taillon glacier‐fed stream, French Pyrénées. Hydro‐meteorological observations were recorded at 15‐min intervals across two summer melt seasons (2010 and 2011), and energy balance components were measured or estimated based on site‐specific data. Averaged over both seasons, net radiation was the largest heat source (~80% of total flux); sensible heat (~13%) and friction (~3%) were also sources, while heat exchange across the channel–streambed interface was negligible (<1%). Latent heat displayed distinct interannual variability and contributed 5% in 2010 compared with 0.03% in 2011. At the sub‐seasonal scale, latent heat shifted from source to sink, possibly linked to the retreating valley snowline that changed temperature and humidity gradients. These findings represent the first, multiyear study of the heat exchange processes operating in a glacier‐fed stream, providing fundamental process understanding; the research highlights the direct control antecedent (winter) conditions that have on energy exchange and stream temperature during summer months. In particular, the timing and volume of snowfall/snowmelt can drive thermal dynamics by the following: (1) altering the length of the stream network exposed to the atmosphere and (2) controlling the volume and timing of cold water advection downstream. Finally, this study highlights the need to develop long‐term hydro‐meteorological monitoring stations to improve the understanding of these highly dynamic, climatically sensitive systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.