bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme plasticity in life‐history strategy allows a migratory predator (jumbo squid) to cope with a changing climate
Authors: Hoving Henk‐Jan T. , Gilly William F. , Markaida Unai , Benoit‐Bird Kelly J. , ‐Brown Zachary W. , Daniel Patrick , Field John C. , Parassenti Liz , Liu Bilin , Campos Bernardita 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDosidicus gigas (jumbo or Humboldt squid) is a semelparous, major predator of the eastern Pacific that is ecologically and commercially important. In the Gulf of California, these animals mature at large size (>55 cm mantle length) in 1–1.5 years and have supported a major commercial fishery in the Guaymas Basin during the last 20 years. An El Niño event in 2009–2010, was accompanied by a collapse of this fishery, and squid in the region showed major changes in the distribution and life‐history strategy. Large squid abandoned seasonal coastal‐shelf habitats in 2010 and instead were found in the Salsipuedes Basin to the north, an area buffered from the effects of El Niño by tidal upwelling and a well‐mixed water column. The commercial fishery also relocated to this region. Although large squid were not found in the Guaymas Basin from 2010 to 2012, small squid were abundant and matured at an unusually small mantle‐length (<30 cm) and young age (approximately 6 months). Juvenile squid thus appeared to respond to El Niño with an alternative life‐history trajectory in which gigantism and high fecundity in normally productive coastal‐shelf habitats were traded for accelerated reproduction at small size in an offshore environment. Both small and large mature squid, were present in the Salsipuedes Basin during 2011, indicating that both life‐ history strategies can coexist. Hydro‐acoustic data, reveal that squid biomass in this study area nearly doubled between 2010 and 2011, primarily due to a large increase in small squid that were not susceptible to the fishery. Such a climate‐driven switch in size‐at‐maturity may allow D. gigas to rapidly adapt to and cope with El Niño. This ability is likely to be an important factor in conjunction with longerterm climate‐change and the potential ecological impacts of this invasive predator on marine ecosystems.
Ethics and Development: An Introduction from the Perspective of the Capability Approach
Authors: Deneulin Severine 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe paper argues that development, understood as the set of economic, social, cultural and political processes oriented towards improving people’s lives, is a normative project which rests on ethical foundations. Working in international development requires therefore an ethical reflection. The paper discusses development ethics as an inter‐disciplinary field of study. It describes one leading contemporary ethical perspective in development studies, the capability approach, and examines how it can be used to analyse concrete cases of development. It argues that the capability approach presents aspects of different ethical frameworks, each of which provides a distinctive angle to the ethical analysis of development processes. The paper concludes with analysing a development case in Peru using the capability approach.
Wood‐inhabiting beetles (Coleoptera) associated with oaks in a global biodiversity hotspot: a case study and checklist for Israel
Authors: Buse Jörn , Assmann Thorsten , Friedman Ariel‐Leib‐Leonid , Rittner Oz , Pavlicek Tomas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTheEastMediterranean region is a global biodiversity hotspot for vertebrates and plants. Although oaks (Quercus) are the dominant tree species in semi‐naturalMediterranean forests, the insect species richness associated withEastMediterranean oak forest has been insufficiently studied.Species richness and composition of the saproxylic beetle assemblage, including its seasonal variation, of a stand of old oaks (Quercus calliprinos) in northern Israel was investigated. Flight‐interception traps were used to sample beetles over a period of 2 years. In addition, a set of pitfall traps was placed in the trunk hollows in the second year of the study.Fifty‐two saproxylic beetle species were found associated with oaks in the field study. Among them, two saproxylic click‐beetle species were previously unknown to science, and eight species represent new records for Israel. Both the number of species and the number of individuals showed two distinct phenological peaks during the year.A preliminary list of saproxylic beetles inhabiting oaks in Israel was prepared and biogeographical distribution, host plants, habitat guild, and activity period are presented for each species. Together with our own data, the literature survey conducted for 19 beetle families established that at least 124 saproxylic beetle species are associated with oaks inIsrael while about 40% of them are unique to the Levantine region. As most localities with old‐growth oak forest structures are small and isolated, ongoing management should have high priority despite the fact that these forests already receive protection.
Fracture patterns of glass–ionomer cement overlays versus stainless steel bands during endodontic treatment: an ex‐vivo study
Authors: Pakdeethai S. , Abuzar M. , Parashos P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo compare fracture patterns of posterior teeth temporized with: mesio‐occlusal‐distal (MOD) glass–ionomer cement (GIC) interim restorations, stainless steel (SS) bands, GIC dome overlays and GIC dome overlays with occlusal temporary restorations.MethodologyThe root canals of 92 extracted human premolars and molars were prepared with rotary NiTi instruments and dressed with calcium hydroxide paste prior to cavity preparation for standardized MOD restorations. Teeth were divided into four groups (n = 23) and temporarily restored with: GIC interim restorations (GIC group), stainless steel bands (SS group), GIC dome overlays (GIC‐O group) or GIC dome overlays with intermediate restorative material (IRM) in the access cavities (GIC‐IRM group). Teeth were subjected to compressive axial load until fracture; fracture forces and fracture modes were recorded. Statistical analysis included Kaplan–Meier plots, Cox proportional hazards model, one‐way analysis of variance, chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsThere was a significantly higher risk of failure in the GIC group compared with the SS (P < 0.001), GIC‐O (P < 0.001) and GIC‐IRM (P = 0.001) groups. The mean fracture force for SS was significantly higher than GIC‐O (P = 0.03) and GIC‐IRM (P < 0.001). GIC fracture force was significantly lower than all other groups (P < 0.001). Significantly fewer unfavourable fractures were observed in SS compared with GIC (P = 0.001), GIC‐O (P = 0.007) and GIC‐IRM (P < 0.001).ConclusionsGlass–ionomer cement dome overlays with reduced cuspal height and occlusal inclines may be recommended for broken‐down posterior teeth, without any risk of poor aesthetics, gingival irritation or further proximal tooth structure loss. Stainless steel bands may only need to be used in extensively broken‐down teeth or in the presence of parafunctional habits.
Apically extruded debris and irrigant with two Ni‐Ti systems and hand files when removing root fillings: a laboratory study
Authors: Lu Y. , Wang R. , Zhang L. , Li H. L. , Zheng Q. H. , Zhou X. D. , Huang D. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigant produced by two Ni‐Ti instruments and hand files when removing root fillings, and to compare two experimental models.MethodologySixty single straight root canals in human mandibular premolars were prepared with K‐files and filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 20 for removal of the root filling material with Reciproc files (Group 1, RP), Mtwo retreatment files (Group 2, MR) or hand files (Group 3, H). Each group was then equally divided into experimental subgroups: A, with 1.5% agar gel model (AG); B, with empty tube model (ET). Apically extruded debris and irrigant was quantified by subtracting the initial weight of the test apparatus without a tooth from its weight after the root canal retreatment. Comparative analysis of the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigant for each of the instruments and the experimental models was performed. Time for gutta‐percha removal was recorded. Data were statistically analysed using one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsRemoval of root fillings with two Ni‐Ti instruments produced less apically extruded debris and irrigant than hand files in both experimental models (P < 0.05). More apically extruded debris and irrigant was produced with Reciproc files than Mtwo retreatment files using the 1.5% agar gel model (P > 0.05). Significantly more apically extruded debris and irrigant was produced with Reciproc files than Mtwo retreatment files using the empty tube model (P < 0.05). The time required to remove the root fillings followed Reciproc<Mtwo R<hand files (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAll the instruments produced apically extruded debris and irrigant. The two Ni‐Ti instruments produced less apically extruded debris and irrigant than hand files. A 1.5% agar gel can provide resistance to apically extruded debris and irrigant and may represent the clinical situation better than the empty tube model.
Beyond DNA repair, the immunological role of PARP‐1 and its siblings
Authors: Rosado Maria Manuela , Bennici Elisabetta , Novelli Flavia , Pioli Claudio 
Published: March 2013

SummaryADP‐ribosylation is the addition of one or more (up to some hundreds) ADP‐ribose moieties to acceptor proteins. There are two major families of enzymes that catalyse this reaction: extracellular ADP‐ribosyl‐transferases (ARTs), which are bound to the cell membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor or are secreted, and poly(ADP‐ribose)‐polymerases (PARPs), which are present in the cell nucleus and/or cytoplasm. Recent findings revealed a wide immunological role for ADP‐ribosylating enzymes. ARTs, by sensing extracellular NAD concentration, can act as danger detectors. PARP‐1, the prototypical representative of the PARP family, known to protect cells from genomic instability, is involved in the development of inflammatory responses and several forms of cell death. PARP‐1 also plays a role in adaptive immunity by modulating the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate T cells or by directly affecting the differentiation and functions of T and B cells. Both PARP‐1 and PARP‐14 (CoaSt6) knockout mice were described to display reduced T helper type 2 cell differentiation and allergic responses. Our recent findings showed that PARP‐1 is involved in the differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, suggesting a role for PARP‐1 in tolerance induction. Also ARTs regulate Treg cell homeostasis by promoting Treg cell apoptosis during inflammatory responses. PARP inhibitors ameliorate immune‐mediated diseases in several experimental models, including rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and allergy. Together these findings show that ADP‐ribosylating enzymes, in particular PARP‐1, play a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses and may represent a good target for new therapeutic approaches in immune‐mediated diseases.
Reporting positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy: time for standardization
Authors: Fontenot Philip A. , Mansour Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
It is known that positive surgical margins (PSMs) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with prostate cancer are a significant predictor of biochemical recurrence (BCR). Furthermore, no general consensus exists in the literature on how specific PSM‐associated prognostic variables, namely, location, focality, length, uniformity of specimen and Gleason score at the margin, influence BCR or assist in clinical decision‐making.
The study shows the inconsistencies in the reporting of PSMs and PSM‐associated prognostic variables in the current literature and suggests the implementation of a novel scoring system, the F.U.S.E. score, which quantifies the anatomical and pathological variables associated with PSMs and represents a standardized methodology for reporting PSMs in the literature.
Objectives
To assess the consistency of reporting on positive surgical margins (PSMs) and associated prognostic variables after radical prostatectomy (RP) in the current literature
To provide a standardized methodology for quantifying the characteristics and the prognostic impact of PSMs after RP.
Patients and Methods
We conducted a review of articles that assessed the prognostic value of characteristics of PSMs after RP. The articles were identified using a MEDLINE search.
The methodology and quality of the reporting of PSMs were analysed according to six criteria defined according to the guidelines of the College of American Pathologists and the International Society of Uropathologists.
Forty‐four studies, involving ≥100 patients and published from January 2005 to the present, were reviewed.
Results
Each of the 44 studies was assessed for their reporting of the six defined PSM criteria, as well as for the significance of PSM characteristics on biochemical recurrence (BCR).
The definition of a PSM was the only criterion that was consistently reported.
All studies were deficient in defining and reporting one or more of the PSM criteria. Major inconsistencies were observed in the reporting of PSM site and length, and the presence of intraprostatic incision.
The many conflicting reports gave little insight into the true significance of particular PSM‐associated variables on BCR.
Conclusions
There is a lack of consistency in the reporting on and prognostic significance of PSMs and PSM‐associated prognostic variables.
We hypothesize that these conflicting results are partly attributable to a lack of use of a standardized reporting methodology for PSMs. Implementation of a previously reported standardized scoring system for PSMs may help eliminate these inconsistencies in the future.
Redeeming Creation: Creatio ex nihilo and the Imago Dei in Augustine
Authors: Drever Matthew 
Published: March 2013

AbstractContemporary theology has sometimes been critical of the perceived abstract, speculative intellectualism in Augustine's anthropology, especially in his understanding of the imago Dei. Within the larger context of Augustine's claims on the soul, however, and, in particular, in the way he conceives the soul created from nothing according to the image of God, one finds an intimate binding of soteriological and moral concerns to his claims on the created origin of the soul. In this we see that Augustine's intellectualism does not remove the soul from time, history and the relations with God and the world forged therein, but underscores the soul's sensitivity to, and dependence on, its relations to God and the world.
Systemic Risk and the Interconnectedness Between Banks and Insurers: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Chen Hua , Cummins J. David , Viswanathan Krupa S. , Weiss Mary A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article uses daily market value data on credit default swap spreads and intraday stock prices to measure systemic risk in the insurance sector. Using the systemic risk measure, we examine the interconnectedness between banks and insurers with Granger causality tests. Based on linear and nonlinear causality tests, we find evidence of significant bidirectional causality between insurers and banks. However, after correcting for conditional heteroskedasticity, the impact of banks on insurers is stronger and of longer duration than the impact of insurers on banks. Stress tests confirm that banks create significant systemic risk for insurers but not vice versa.
Europium‐Activated KSrPO4–(Ba,Sr)2SiO4 Solid Solutions as Color‐Tunable Phosphors for Near‐UV Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Han J. K. , Hannah M. E. , Piquette A. , Talbot J. B. , Mishra K. C. , McKittrick J. 
Published: March 2013

This article reports the structural and luminescence characteristics of Eu2+‐activated solid solutions of (KSrPO4)1−x·((Ba,Sr)2SiO4)x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. These phosphors were prepared by a sol‐gel/Pechini method. The lattice parameters of the solid solutions are linearly dependent on x. The reliability factor from Rietveld analysis is nearly constant and independent of x, indicating KSrPO4·(Ba,Sr)2SiO4 forms an ideal solid solution. The emission spectra consist of two distinct broad bands, which depend on x: blue ranging from 430 to 470 nm and green–yellow ranging from 515 to 570 nm. Both emission peaks red‐shift as x increases due to the crystal field effect and an anomalous transition. The emission intensity of these solid solutions is also a function of x and is comparable to that of LiCaPO4:Eu2+ (QE = 81%) at x = 0.1, suggesting that these color‐tunable solid solutions are promising for applications in solid‐state white lighting.
Electrical Properties, Cation Distributions, and Thermal Expansion of Manganese Cobalt Chromite Spinel Oxides
Authors: Liu Yingjia , Fergus Jeffrey W. , Cruz Clarina Dela 
Published: March 2013

As the oxidation and chromium volatilization of chromia‐forming alloy interconnects can cause Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) cathode poisoning and cell degradation, spinel coatings like Mn1.5Co1.5O4 have been applied as a barrier to oxygen and chromium diffusion. To evaluate their long‐term stability, the properties of the reaction layer between the Mn1.5Co1.5O4 coating and Cr2O3 scale formed on the alloy surface need to be characterized. Therefore, compositions of Mn1.5−0.5xCo1.5−0.5xCrxO4 (x = 0–2) were prepared to investigate their electrical properties, cation distributions, and thermal expansion behavior at high temperature. With increasing Cr content in manganese cobalt spinel oxides, the cubic crystal structure is stabilized and the electrical conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion both decrease. The cation distributions determined from neutron diffraction show that Cr and Mn have stronger preference for octahedral sites in the spinel structure as compared with Co.
Effects of Epoxy Resin on Gelcasting Process and Mechanical Properties of Alumina Ceramics
Authors: Xie Rui , Zhou Kechao , Gan Xueping , Zhang Dou 
Published: March 2013

A gelling system based on the polymerization of epoxy resin ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) and 3,3′‐Diaminodipropylamine (DPTA) was developed for gelcasting alumina ceramics. The gelation process of 50 vol% alumina‐epoxy resin suspensions were investigated in accordance with the change in temperature and epoxy resin concentration. The activation energy Ea of polymerization reaction was 63.76 kJ/mol and no significant gelation was observed at 25°C during the test for 50 vol% Al2O3 suspensions with 10 wt% EGDGE. With the increase in EGDGE concentration, Al2O3 green bodies exhibited higher relative density, flexural strength, and Weibull modulus, reaching 64.4%, 41.03 MPa, and 12.51, respectively, when EGDGE concentration was 20 wt%. However, for sintered Al2O3 bodies, the highest characteristic strength and Weibull modulus were obtained for 15 wt% EGDGE concentration, reaching 367.57 MPa and 14.52, respectively.
Modeling Nutrient Export From Coastal California Watersheds
Authors: Robinson Timothy H. , Melack John M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNitrate and phosphate export coefficient models were developed for coastal watersheds along the Santa Barbara Channel in central California. One approach was based on measurements of nutrient fluxes in streams from specific land use classes and included a watershed response function that scaled export up or down depending on antecedent moisture conditions. The second approach for nutrient export coefficient modeling used anthropogenic nutrient loading for land use classes and atmospheric nutrient deposition to model export. In an application of the first approach to one watershed, the nitrate and phosphate models were within 20% of measured values for most storms. When applied to another year, both nitrate and phosphate models generally performed adequately with annual, storm‐flow, and base‐flow values within 20% of measured nutrient loadings. Less satisfactory results were found when applied to neighboring watersheds with difference percentages of land use and hydrologic conditions. Application of the second approach was less successful than the first approach.
Assessing Arrhythmia Burden After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Using an Implantable Loop Recorder: The ABACUS Study
Authors: KAPA SURAJ , EPSTEIN ANDREW E. , CALLANS DAVID J. , GARCIA FERMIN C. , LIN DAVID , BALA RUPA , RILEY MICHAEL P. , HUTCHINSON MATHEW D. , GERSTENFELD EDWARD P. , TZOU WENDY , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS E. , FRANKEL DAVID S. , COOPER JOSHUA M. , SUPPLE GREGORY , DEO RAJAT , VERDINO RALPH J. , PATEL VICKAS V. , DIXIT SANJAY 
Published: March 2013

Assessing Arrhythmia Burden After AblationIntroductionArrhythmia monitoring in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is challenging. Transtelephonic monitors (TTMs) are cumbersome to use and provide limited temporal assessment. Implantable loop recorders (ILRs) may overcome these limitations. We sought to evaluate the utility of ILRs versus conventional monitoring (CM) in patients undergoing AF ablation.Methods and ResultsForty‐four patients undergoing AF ablation received ILRs and CM (30‐day TTM at discharge and months 5 and 11 postablation). Over the initial 6 months, clinical decisions were made based on CM. Subjects were then randomized for the remaining 6 months to arrhythmia assessment and management by ILR versus CM. The primary endpoint was arrhythmia recurrence. The secondary endpoint was actionable clinical events (change of antiarrhythmic drugs [AADs], anticoagulation, non‐AF arrhythmia events, etc.) due to either monitoring strategy.Over the study period, 6 patients withdrew. In the first 6 months, AF recurred in 18 patients (7 noted by CM, 18 by ILR; P = 0.002). Five patients in the CM (28%) and 5 in the ILR arm (25%; P = NS) had AF recurrence during the latter 6 months. AF was falsely diagnosed frequently by ILR (730 of 1,421 episodes; 51%). In more patients in the ILR compared with the CM arm, rate control agents (60% vs 39%, P = 0.02) and AADs (71% vs 44%, P = 0.04) were discontinued.ConclusionIn AF ablation patients, ILR can detect more arrhythmias than CM. However, false detection remains a challenge. With adequate oversight, ILRs may be useful in monitoring these patients after ablation.
Higher rates of sex evolve under K‐selection
Authors: Becks L. , Agrawal A. F. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe geographical distribution of sexual and related asexual species has been suggested to correlate with habitat stability; sexual species tend to be in stable habitats (K‐selection), whereas related asexual taxa tend to be in unstable habitats (r‐selection). We test whether this broad‐scale pattern can be re‐created at a microevolutionary scale by experimentally evolving populations of facultatively sexual rotifers under different ecological conditions. Consistent with the pattern in nature, we find that the rate of sex evolves to lower levels in the r‐selected than in K‐selection environments. We consider several different explanations for these results.