bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Juices by Means of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Authors: Kozik Violetta , Jarzembek Krystyna , Jędrzejowska Agnieszka , Bąk Andrzej , Polak Justyna , Bartoszek Mariola , Pytlakowska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) is a source of numerous phenolic compounds, and it contains flavonoids such as anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, cyanidins, catechins and other complexes of flavonoids, ellagitannins, and hydrolyzed tannins. Pomegranate juice shows antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. The antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the pomegranate juices was measured using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) as a source of free radicals, and the total phenolic (TP) content was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy. All the examined pomegranate juices exhibited relatively high antioxidant properties. The TEAC values determined by means of EPR spectroscopy using Trolox (TE) as a free radical scavenger were in the range of 463.12 to 1911.91 μmol TE/100 mL juice. The TP content measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, using gallic acid (GA) as a free radical scavenger, widely varied in the investigated pomegranate juice samples and ranged from 1673.62 to 5263.87 mg GA/1 L juice. The strongest antioxidant properties were observed with the fresh pomegranate juices obtained from the fruits originating from Israel, Lebanon, and Azerbaijan. Correlation analysis of numerical data obtained by means of EPR spectroscopy (TEAC) and UV-Vis spectroscopy (TP) gave correlation coefficient (r) = 0.90 and determination coefficient (r2) = 0.81 (P &lt;0.05).
“They don´t represent us!” Opportunities for a Social Movement Unionism Strategy in Spain
Authors: Köhler Holm-Detlev , Calleja Jiménez José Pablo 
Published: August 2015

Our goal is to analyze strategies of union revitalization that have been successful elsewhere and have the potential to become so in Spain. Within these practices, Social Movement Unionism focuses on alliances with other groups to improve unions’ social efficiency. In this article, we address the applicability of the principles of Social Movement Unionism in the specific case of Spain. Given the transformations in the Spanish economy and labour laws tending towards further deregulation, Spanish unions have had to react. The emergence of new social movements such as theIndignadosorMareas Ciudadanas(civic tides) and the declining confidence in unions among the Spanish population, make this approach timely and appropriate.For this article, we will take certain aspects from the trade union revitalization debate and combine them with the main theories on New Social Movements. We will apply these approaches to a specific case study: The viability of cooperation between the largest Spanish trade unions and the recent social movements arising from theIndignadosmovement. For this purpose, we will primarily use data from secondary sources and transcripts of interviews conducted with unionists and social movement activists. With all these elements taken into consideration, we will conclude by showing the inhibiting and facilitating conditions for the development of a Social Movement Unionism strategy for the referred actors.
Nursing care management to men with cancer
Authors: Mesquita Maria Gefé da Rosa , Paes Graciele Oroski , Silva Marcelle Miranda da , Duarte Sabrina da Costa Machado , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Leite Joséte Luzia 
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Discutir as interações entre perspectiva de gênero e integralidade na gerência do cuidado de enfermagem a homens com câncer. Método: Estudo qualitativo, orientado pela Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. O cenário foi um Hospital Federal do Município do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil e os sujeitos, todos os 6 enfermeiros do serviço de oncologia, que concederam entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Resultados: Cinco categorias emergiram gerando o fenômeno: Ressignificando a gerência do cuidado de enfermagem mediante a perspectiva de gênero a fim de assegurar a integralidade ao homem com câncer. Na interação com os homens com câncer em tratamento antineoplásico, enfermeiros ouvem a influência da masculinidade em suas vidas e detectam a necessidade de inclusão da perspectiva de gênero em sua prática profissional. Conclusão: Assegurar a integralidade do cuidado ao homem lança o desafio de se colocar no lugar do mesmo, reconhecer suas necessidades singulares e assim ressignificar a gerência do cuidado de enfermagem. Descritores: Saúde do Homem; Enfermagem; Assistência Integral à Saúde; Oncologia; Gerência.
Increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the upper atmosphere observed by SABER
Authors: Yue Jia , Russell James , Jian Yongxiao , Rezac Ladislav , Garcia Rolando , López‐Puertas Manuel , Mlynczak Martin G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCarbon dioxide measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument between 2002 and 2014 were analyzed to reveal the rate of increase of CO2 in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The CO2 data show a trend of ~5% per decade at ~80 km and below, in good agreement with the tropospheric trend observed at Mauna Loa. Above 80 km, the SABER CO2 trend is larger than in the lower atmosphere, reaching ~12% per decade at 110 km. The large relative trend in the upper atmosphere is consistent with results from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS). On the other hand, the CO2 trend deduced from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model remains close to 5% everywhere. The spatial coverage of the SABER instrument allows us to analyze the CO2 trend as a function of latitude for the first time. The trend is larger in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere mesopause above 80 km. The agreement between SABER and ACE‐FTS suggests that the rate of increase of CO2 in the upper atmosphere over the past 13 years is considerably larger than can be explained by chemistry‐climate models.
Dawn‐dusk asymmetry in bursty hot electron enhancements in the midtail magnetosheath
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Xing Xiaoyan , Nakamura T. K. M. , Lyons Larry R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBursty (a few minutes) enhancements of hot electrons (1–10 keV) in the tail magnetosheath, which we name hot electron enhancements (HEEs), are sometimes observed. To understand the processes leading to HEEs, we have used 4 years of measurements from Acceleration Reconnection Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun mission to statistically investigate the dawn‐dusk asymmetry of HEEs in the midtail (x from −30 to −70 RE) magnetosheath and their correlations with the solar wind/interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. We find two strong dawn‐dusk asymmetries associated with HEEs: (1) they occur about 3 to 4 times more frequently on the dawnside. (2) Their fluxes on the dawnside are about twice as large as those on the duskside. The magnitudes of HEE fluxes are similar to those of the magnetosphere fluxes near the magnetopause, which are also a factor of 2 higher on the dawnside, indicating that the magnetosphere electrons are likely the source for HEEs and the cause for the HEE flux asymmetry. HEEs occur preferentially during higher solar wind speed, and the majority of HEEs are associated with sharp IMF direction changes and are accompanied by large and transient magnetosheath density changes. These correlations are stronger on the dawnside, suggesting that perturbations created near the quasi‐parallel bow shock, which is most of the time on the dawnside, associated with IMF discontinuities is a possible process leading to HEEs and could account for the higher HEE occurrence on the dawnside.
Uncoupled organic matter burial and quality in boreal lake sediments over the Holocene
Authors: Chmiel Hannah E. , Niggemann Jutta , Kokic Jovana , Ferland Marie‐Ève , Dittmar Thorsten , Sobek Sebastian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBoreal lake sediments are important sites of organic carbon (OC) storage, which have accumulated substantial amounts of OC over the Holocene epoch; the temporal evolution and the strength of this Holocene carbon (C) sink is, however, not well constrained. In this study we investigated the temporal record of carbon mass accumulation rates (CMARs) and assessed qualitative changes of terrestrially derived OC in the sediment profiles of seven Swedish boreal lakes, in order to evaluate the variability of boreal lake sediments as a C sink over time. CMARs were resolved on a short‐term (centennial) and long‐term (i.e., over millennia of the Holocene) timescale, using radioactive lead (210Pb) and carbon (14C) isotope dating. Sources and degradation state of terrestrially derived OC were identified and characterized by molecular analyses of lignin phenols. We found that CMARs varied substantially on both short‐term and long‐term scales and that the variability was mostly attributed to sedimentation rates and uncoupled from the OC content in the sediment profiles. The lignin phenol analyses revealed that woody material from gymnosperms was a dominant and constant OC source to the sediments over the Holocene. Furthermore, lignin‐based degradation indices, such as acid‐to‐aldehyde ratios, indicated that postdepositional degradation in the sediments was very limited on longer timescales, implying that terrestrial OC is stabilized in the sediments on a permanent basis.
Selective Dealkylation of Alkyl Aryl Ethers
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Xin , Hu Xu‐Hong , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDealkylation of alkyl aryl ethers has been extensively explored. In comparison to the reported methods, selective methods that work under mild reaction conditions remain to be developed. Herein we report the development of a method that is selective, dealkylating only one of the methyl groups in polymethylated aryl ether system. This selective dealkylative method is applied to the synthesis of a few advanced intermediates for drug synthesis. Detailed mechanistic studies have shown that this reaction probably proceeds via a single‐electron transfer process.
Straightforward Synthesis of 2‐Arylquinoxalines from 2‐Nitroanilines with an Equimolar Amount of Monoalcohols via a Base‐Catalyzed Hydrogen‐Transfer Coupling Reaction
Authors: Lv Wan , Xiong Biao , Tan Zhenda , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVia a base‐catalyzed hydrogen‐transfer coupling reaction, a straightforward synthesis of 2‐arylquinoxalines from readily available 2‐nitroanilines with only an equimolar amount of monoalcohols has been developed. The synthetic protocol proceeds in a step‐ and atom‐economic fashion together with the advantages of operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, water as the only byproduct, and no need for noble transition‐metal catalysts, external reducing agents, or less environmentally benign halogenated reagents, offers a highly practical approach to access 2‐arylquinoxalines.
The taphonomy of blood components in decomposing bone and its relevance to physical anthropology
Authors: Cappella Annalisa , Bertoglio Barbara , Castoldi Elisa , Maderna Emanuela , Di Giancamillo Alessia , Domeneghini Cinzia , Andreola Salvatore , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe variation and persistence of blood components, in particular red blood cells (RBCs), within bone tissue during the decomposition process, especially at the early stages and in different taphonomic conditions, has never been thoroughly investigated, regardless of the fact that knowing how blood survives or degrades within bone could be of help in solving many anthropological issues, such as trauma analysis and interpretation.Materials and MethodsThis research investigated the influence of time and taphonomy on the persistence and detectability of blood components in parietal bone fragments (of different post mortem periods and taphonomic conditions) through histological (Hematoxilin and Eosin, HE) and immunohistochemical (Glycophorin A, GYPA) analyses.ResultsThe immunohistochemical investigation for GYPA showed the presence of RBCs under the form of erythrocyte debris or residues otherwise morphologically unidentifiable using only HE staining. Hence, while well‐defined RBCs can be observed only in the first week of decomposition, afterward these structures can be detectable with certainty only by immunohistochemical analysis, which reveals discrete quantities of RBC residues also in dry bone (post mortem interval, or PMI, of 15 years), but not in archaeological samples, in which the greater PMI and the different taphonomic conditions together could be the answer behind such difference.DiscussionThis study highlights the usefulness and potential of immunohistochemical detection of GYPA in RBC investigation and gives a realistic idea of the persistence and detectability of erythrocytes in different osteological taphonomic conditions, in contrast to results reported by some authors in literature. Another important result concerns the detection of RBC residues in dry bone, which opens the way to the possible use of RBCs in trauma interpretation. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:636–645, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Severe pancreatoduodenal injury
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotaka , Watanabe Hiroaki , Mizushima Yasuaki , Matsuoka Tetsuya 
Published: August 2015

CaseA 30‐year‐old male involved in a traffic accident was brought to our hospital. He was in shock with a rigid abdomen, and a computed tomography scan showed severe pancreatoduodenal injury. He was successfully treated with damage control surgery consisting of peripancreatic packing at the initial surgery followed by a two‐stage pancreaticoduodenectomy.OutcomeThe postoperative course was complicated by a hepatic abscess, but there were no pancreaticoduodenectomy‐related complications. The patient was transferred to a local hospital on postoperative day 55.ConclusionThree step strategy consisting of peripancreatic packing followed by a two‐stage pancreaticoduodenectomy is an effective treatment strategy for severe pancreatoduodenal injury.
Ventricular fibrillation by anaphylaxis following consumption of blue_skinned fish
Authors: Otsubo Saori , Nishiyama Takashi , Okada Naoki , Ando Yukihiro , Yamada Katsumi , Maeda Yuji , Nishimura Yusuke 
Published: August 2015

CaseApproximately 4_h after eating mackerel sushi, a 65_year_old man developed generalized itchiness and redness, after which he became unresponsive. He went into a state of ventricular fibrillation but after he was defibrillated twice, his heartbeat returned. The electrocardiogram obtained immediately after hospitalization showed some ST_segment depression, but a subsequent electrocardiogram showed improvement. Coronary CT showed no obvious stenosis or plaque in the coronary artery.OutcomeResults of an IgE_RAST test confirmed that the level of allergen_specific IgE for mackerel measured <0.10_UA/mL, while the level for anisakis was 1.91_UA/mL.ConclusionsAs for the mechanism leading to cardiac arrest, it is thought that the histamines and leukotrienes released from cardiac mast cells caused a coronary artery spasm (Kounis syndrome). This anaphylactic shock is considered to be a result of anisakis allergy, but in general cases of anaphylaxis resulting from consumption of blue_skinned fish.
Poly(aspartic acid)–tryptophan grafted copolymer and its scale‐inhibition performance
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Zhang Junping , Yin Chengxian , Zhang Juantao , Han Jiao 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTScale deposition, which severely damages oil exploration, is a difficulty encountered in oil fields. Scale inhibitors are widely used for controlling scales. Poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) is attracting more and more attention with increasing environmental concern and discharge limitations. However, PASP's poor inhibition in a high‐temperature environment markedly limits its wide use. Thus, poly(aspartic acid)–tryptophan grafted copolymer (PASPTR) was synthesized to improve the inhibition efficiency of PASP. The results show that the reactant of PASPTR has a great effect on its inhibition performance. PASPTR was found to inhibit the precipitation of CaSO4 close to 90% at concentrations as low as 0.4 mg/L at 50°C. The inhibition efficiency of PASPTR against CaCO3 was close to 100% with the concentration of 2 mg/L at 50°C. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses, which showed the morphological and crystal structural changes of CaCO3 and CaSO4 precipitation, verified the excellent inhibition performance of PASPTR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42739.
Synergistic reinforcement ofNBRby hybrid filler system including organoclay and nano‐CaCO3
Authors: Salkhord Sina , Sadeghi Ghari Hedayatollah 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTRubber nanocomposites containing one type of nanofiller are common and are widely established in the research field. In this study, nitrile rubber (NBR) based ternary nanocomposites containing modified silicate (Cloisite 30B) and also nano‐calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) were prepared using a laboratory internal mixer (simple melt mixing). Effects of the hybrid filler system (filler phase have two kind of fillers) on the cure rheometry, morphology, swelling, and mechanical and dynamic–mechanical properties of the NBR were investigated. Concentration of nano‐CaCO3[0, 5, 10, and 15 parts per one hundred parts of rubber by weight (phr)] and organoclay (0, 3, and 6 phr) in NBR was varied. The microstructure and homogeneity of the compounds were confirmed by studying the dispersion of nanoparticles in NBR via X‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Based on the results of morphology and mechanical properties, the dual‐filler phase nanocomposites (hybrid nanocomposite) have higher performance in comparison with single‐filler phase nanocomposites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42744.
A Simple and Fast Aqueous‐Phase Synthesis of Ultra‐Highly Concentrated Silver Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Shahzad Aasim , Chung Minsub , Yu Taekyung , Kim Woo‐Sik 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA simple and fast synthetic route to ultra‐highly concentrated silver nanoparticles with long‐term stability by reducing AgNO3 with ascorbic acid in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a stabilizer in an aqueous phase is reported. The concentration of silver precursor was as high as 2000 mm (200 g of Ag nanoparticle per liter of water) and the reaction time was less than 10 min. The resulting silver nanoparticles show long‐term stability after two months of storage at room temperature without any signs of particle aggregation or precipitation in an aqueous phase. The successful ligand exchange of PEI‐stabilized silver nanoparticles to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) without particle aggregation is also demonstrated. In addition, the catalytic activities of silver nanoparticles stabilized by various stabilizers prepared by the ligand exchange method was investigated. The PEI‐stabilized silver nanoparticles exhibited a higher stability than those of PEG‐ and PVP‐stabilized silver nanoparticles in the diffusion‐controlled catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol by NaBH4.
Download or stream? Steal or buy? Developing a typology of today's music consumer
Authors: Sinclair Gary , Green Todd 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper explores the impact that recent transformations in digital music technology (e.g. the increasing popularity of legal streaming platforms) have had on the consumer experience. Following 35 in‐depth qualitative interviews, we have identified four key segments of contemporary music consumers (steadfast pirates, ex‐downloaders, mixed tapes and the old schoolers [the disengaged]) based on a continuum of their preference for illegal music piracy. Examining key themes (e.g. morality, format, value and identity investment) to distinguish each segment, we contribute to a fragmented music piracy literature in particular through the identification of the “ex‐downloaders” and “mixed tape” segments. Previous literature has tended to frame music piracy in very simplistic terms, failing to acknowledge a large number of consumers who are conflicted about their actions and rationalise their piracy in complicated and inconsistent ways related to the broader industry and their own sense of identity as a music consumer. Additionally, the discussion of the ex‐downloader segment provides significant evidence that for a large number of consumers, a policy of participation, in the shape of providing superior alternatives for legal digital music consumption, can be much more beneficial in tackling the problem of piracy than previous strategies of policing and coercion. Managerial and future research implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Quest of Dioxygen by Monomeric Sarcosine Oxidase. A Molecular Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Pietra Francesco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIt is reported here on random acceleration molecular dynamics (RAMD) simulations with the 2GF3 bacterial monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX), O2, and furoic acid in place of sarcosine, solvated by TIP3 H2O in a periodic box. An external tiny force, acting randomly on O2, accelerated its relocation, from the center of activation between residue K265 and the si face of the flavin ring of the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor, to the surrounding solvent. Only three of the four O2 gates previously described for this system along a composite method technique were identified, while two more major O2 gates were found. The RAMD simulations also revealed that the same gate can be reached by O2 along different pathways, often involving traps for O2. Both the residence time of O2 in the traps, and the total trajectory time for O2 getting to the solvent, could be evaluated. The new quick pathways discovered here suggest that O2 exploits all nearby interstices created by the thermal fluctuations of the protein, not having necessarily to look for the permanent large channel used for uptake of the FADH cofactor. To this regard, MSOX resembles closely KijD3 N‐oxygenase. These observations solicit experimental substantiation, in a long term aim at discovering whether gates and pathways for the small gaseous ligands inside the proteins are under Darwinian functional evolution or merely stochastic control operates.
Effects of Organic Modifiers on a Palladium Catalyst in the Competitive Hydrogenation of 1‐Octene Versus Octanal: An Evaluation of Solid Catalysts with an Ionic Liquid Layer
Authors: Miller Stuart F. , Friedrich Holger B. , Holzapfel Cedric W. , Dasireddy Venkata D. B. C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe competitive hydrogenation between 1‐octene and octanal has been investigated with a ≈5 % palladium on alumina catalyst prepared in situ with the following organic modifiers: pyridine, 1‐methylimidazole, 1,3‐dimethylimidazole methylsulfate, 1,3‐dimethylimidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and methyltri‐sec‐butylphosphonium methylsulfate. The results of these investigations indicate that the ionic liquid modifiers have significant and specific effects on catalytic performance, for example, certain systems can completely suppress octanal conversion. In addition, analytical techniques reveal that the matrix and quantity of organic species on the used catalysts are different if different ionic liquids are used as modifiers. Surface studies also reveal that the modifiers have a noticeable effect on the crystallite size and chemisorption properties of the catalysts.