bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The oral microbiota and periodontal health in orthodontic patients
Authors: Peterson Brandon W. , Tjakkes Geerten‐Has , Renkema Anne‐Marie , Manton David J. , Ren Yijin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe oral microbiota develops within the first 2 years of childhood and becomes distinct from the parents by 4 years‐of‐age. The oral microbiota plays an important role in the overall health/symbiosis of the individual. Deviations from the state of symbiosis leads to dysbiosis and an increased risk of pathogenicity. Deviations can occur not only from daily life activities but also from orthodontic interventions. Orthodontic appliances are formed from a variety of biomaterials. Once inserted, they serve as a breeding ground for microbial attachment, not only from new surface areas and crevices but also from material physicochemical interactions different than in the symbiotic state. Individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment show, compared with untreated people, qualitative and quantitative differences in activity within the oral microbiota, induced by increased retention of supra‐ and subgingival microbial plaque throughout the treatment period. These changes are at the root of the main undesirable effects, such as gingivitis, white spot lesions (WSL), and more severe caries lesions. Notably, the oral microbiota profile in the first weeks of orthodontic intervention might be a valuable indicator to predict and identify higher‐risk individuals with respect to periodontal health and caries risk within an otherwise healthy population. Antimicrobial coatings have been used to dissuade microbes from adhering to the biomaterial; however, they disrupt the host microbiota, and several bacterial strains have become resistant. Smart biomaterials that can reduce the antimicrobial load preventing microbial adhesion to orthodontic appliances have shown promising results, but their complexity has kept many solutions from reaching the clinic. 3D printing technology provides opportunities for complex chemical syntheses to be performed uniformly, reducing the cost of producing smart biomaterials giving hope that they may reach the clinic in the near future. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of the oral microbiota during orthodontic therapy and to use innovative technologies to better maintain its healthy balance during surgical procedures.
A note on convergence of calibration weights to inverse probability weights
Authors: Fushiki Tadayoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, nonresponse rates in sample surveys have been increasing. Nonresponse bias is a serious concern in the analysis of sample surveys. The calibration and propensity score methods are used to adjust nonresponse bias. The propensity score method uses the weights of the inverse probability of response. The inverse probability of response is estimated by the auxiliary variables observed in respondents and nonrespondents. The calibration method can use additional auxiliary variables observed only in respondents if the population distributions of the variables are known. The calibration method is widely used; however, the theoretical property in the nonresponse situation has not been investigated. This study provides a condition that the calibration weights asymptotically go to the inverse probability of response and clarifies the relationship between the calibration and propensity score methods.
Physical modelling of earthquake precursor by the electro‐optical parameters of gabbro rock under compressive stress
Authors: Mir Mohammad , Haghighi Babak , Taghavi Mendi Rohollah , Motie Iman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarthquakes occur when tectonic stresses develop deep within the Earth. In the earthquake zone, the rocks are igneous, including gabbro. Gabbro rocks produce electron–hole pairs under tectonic stresses. These holes flow in the volume of gabbro rock under tectonic pressures and cause changes in electric charge and as a result, produce variable electric and magnetic fields that lead to a signal of electromagnetic waves at the place of pressure. This electromagnetic signal is received on the surface of the Earth after passing through different layers of the Earth. In this work, by applying uniaxial hydraulic pressure on the gabbro rock, a new physical model similar to an earthquake is presented, which by receiving and monitoring electromagnetic signals, can help to investigate the tectonic changes in the Earth. By utilizing the electrical and optical parameters, the intensity of the electromagnetic signal of the earthquake created on the Earth's surface is calculated.
A quantitative assay for the efficiency of RNA‐guided genome editing in plants
Authors: Bircheneder Martin , Schreiber Tom , Tissier Alain , Parniske Martin 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYRNA‐guided endonucleases originating from the bacterial CRISPR/Cas system are a versatile tool for targeted gene editing. To determine the functional relevance of a gene of interest, deletion of the entire open reading frame (ORF) by two independent double‐strand breaks (DSBs) is particularly attractive. This strategy greatly benefits from high editing efficiency, which is strongly influenced by the Cas endonuclease version used. We developed two reporter switch‐on assays, for quantitative comparison and optimization of Cas constructs. The assays are based on four components: (i) A reporter gene, the mRNA of which carries a hairpin (HP) loop targeted by (ii) the endoribonuclease Csy4. Cleavage of the mRNA at the HP loop by Csy4 abolishes the translation of the reporter. Csy4 was used as the target for full deletion. (iii) A Cas system targeting sites flanking the Csy4 ORF with a 20‐bp spacer either side to preferentially detect full‐deletion events. Loss of functional Csy4 would lead to reporter gene expression, allowing indirect quantification of Cas‐mediated deletion events. (iv) A reference gene for normalization. We tested these assays on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and Lotus japonicus calli induced on hypocotyl sections, using Firefly luciferase and mCitrine as reporter genes and Renilla luciferase and hygromycin phosphotransferase II as reference genes, respectively. We observed a >90% correlation between reporter expression and full Csy4 deletion events, demonstrating the validity of these assays. The principle of using the Csy4–HP module as Cas target should be applicable to other editing goals including single DSBs in all organisms.
Unmet supportive care needs of patients with colorectal cancer based on survival stage: A scoping review
Authors: Nguyen Dan Thi , Fang Su‐Ying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) has emerged as one of the most common cancers, with increasing survival rates globally. As patients with CRC experience diverse treatment effects corresponding to different survival stages, understanding their unmet needs based on the survival stage is critical to tailor supportive care with limited medical resources.AimThis study aimed to understand the unmet needs of patients with CRC across survival stages.MethodsThis scoping review followed the 5‐stage framework established by Arksey and O'Malley. Five online databases were searched with narrative synthesis performed after data extraction.ResultsFifteen studies were identified for this review, with 12 focusing on the acute survival stage and three reporting on the extended survival stage. Ten studies used validated scales to assess unmet needs, with the Supportive Care Needs Survey being the most common scale. Unmet needs in patients with CRC demonstrate distinct patterns across survival stages. Most studies reported a higher prevalence of unmet needs during the extended survival stage compared to the acute survival stage. Unmet emotional needs predominate during the acute survival stage, whereas unmet physical needs become most prominent in the extended survival stage.Linking Evidence to ActionHealthcare providers are encouraged to conduct assessments tailored to the specific survival stage, with particular emphasis on addressing unmet needs during the extended survival stage. The development of standardized scales is recommended to comprehensively assess the unmet needs of patients with CRC.
Harnessing Fly Ash as Particle Reinforcement in Nature-Inspired Multilayer Composites
Authors: Patadiya Jigar , Sreenivasan S. , Yadav Ramdayal , Naebe Minoo , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Strategies for strengthening the characteristics of naturally inspired multilayer composites are being sought, including inorganic platelet alignment, enhancing interlaminar collaboration between polymeric solution and printed platelets, and optimizing soft phase materials. The former tactic is significant because a particle reinforcement can use high in-plane modulus and strength of inorganic mineral bridges and asperities as much as possible. Fly ash (FA) is an immense amount of environmental waste from thermal power plants and other industries that can be effectively employed as particle reinforcement in nature-inspired composites. Herein, the study demonstrates an anomalous phenomenon combining soft microscale organic polylactic acid (PLA) components with inorganic micrograins FA hierarchically designed by natural organisms through dual three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques (fused deposition modeling (FDM) and direct ink writing (DIW)). Our investigation of composite deformation reveals that sheet nacreous architecture exhibits the highest flexural and tensile modulus, whereas foliated (FL) structure shows better impact resistance. Remarkably, as fly ash filler increases, the mechanical behavior of composites improves as large as 882 MPa and 418 MPa, flexural and elastic modulus, respectively.
Low Swirl Effect on Compact Spray and Combustion Systems Using Additive Manufactured Dual Airblast Injectors
Authors: Kang Yeonse , Ahn Jihwan , Hampp Fabian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Novel low swirl concepts provide a promising approach to ensure stable flame anchoring over an extensive operation condition range, necessary for optimizing compact designs for liquid fuel combustors as used in hybrid aero-engine or microgas turbines (MGTs) in terms of scalability and flexibility. This study utilizes seven different additive manufactured low swirler integrated into a dual airblast injection concept to delineate the influence of high momentum swirling air jet on spray atomization and combustion performance. The developed injector is designed for vane angles from 0° to 45° for co- and counterdirection against the orientation of the liquid sheet ejected from the prefilming pressure swirl (PS) injector. The spray atomization in swirl afflicted air jet is demonstrated by phase Doppler interferometry and shadowgraphy. The combustion process is analyzed using OH∗-chemiluminescence (CL) imaging and emission measurements. The results show that a circumferential gaseous flow acting on the wall-film amplifies the radial fuel penetration and atomization. The latter produces robust spray dispersion in response to variations of operational conditions. The effect of low swirl injection on combustion process of kerosene flames leads to a noticeably more compact and intensified heat release zone. In addition, nonmonotonic decomposed mode of energy with considerable NOx reduction is observed.
Evaluation of Fractional Proportional-Integral-Derivative and Integer Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control for a Drone-Based Cable Suspended Payload System
Authors: Patel Mitesh , Enayatollahi Fatemeh , Ferguson Philip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Arctic remote sensing is crucial for studying and preserving the vulnerable Arctic environment. Researchers use ground penetrating radars (GPRs) to understand climate change and ice properties, but maneuvering a bulky GPR on the inhospitable Arctic terrain is difficult. Suspending the GPR from a drone can be a solution to operating a large GPR, however, proper control and stabilization of the drone-GPR system pose a challenge. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by analyzing the response of closed-loop feedback fractional-order and integer-order proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers at minimizing the payload sway for a drone-based cable-suspended payload system. Both controllers were tuned using particle swarm optimization and simulated to experience delays and external disturbances. Results indicate that both controllers had comparable time responses. The fractional-order controller was more robust to disturbances but was also sensitive to system delays. The findings of this study can be considered for future drone development.
Design and Multi-Objective Performance Optimization of a Novel Steering Technology for Heavy Goods Vehicles
Authors: Amoruso Francesco , Cebon David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A multi-objective optimization (MOO) approach is utilized to design a controller for a novel rear-steering technology named “Brake-Actuated Steering” (BAS). This system uses individually controlled brakes to generate differential longitudinal forces on each side of an axle, causing it to steer. Compared to other active rear-steering solutions utilizing path-following control, the BAS system is expected to provide comparable maneuverability performance, while offering approximately a 50% reduction in both mass and costs. Two objective criteria that define the performance and control effort of the BAS system are considered. Constraints are imposed limiting the feasible set of design variables to ensure stability of the controller, and sufficient centering capability of the steering system in emergency braking conditions. The optimization is performed for low-speed cornering of a tractor-semitrailer under various operating conditions, including low-friction surfaces, different axle loadings, and vehicle speeds. The optimization provides a set of Pareto-optimal fronts, minimizing the objectives. Simulations are used to compare the performance of a nonoptimal design for the BAS axle prototype to that of the optimized axle design. These validate the superior performance resulting from the optimization, with root mean square error of the steering angle and the energy consumed by the towing unit reduced by 48% and 21%, respectively. Model and controller validation and the performance of the system are verified by experiments on a prototype vehicle system.
Process Recipe and Functional Circuitry Performance on Aerosol Jet Printed Water-Based Silver Ink
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Bimali Sabina , Miller Scott 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The demand for compact, lightweight, and stretchable printed electric circuits has increased with the advancement of flexible printing technology in electronics. The viability of environmentally friendly water-based inks with low-impact waste requires the development of process recipes for component attachment on flexible substrates. The focus of this paper is on demonstrating a comprehensive study of process parameters and component attachment on the aerosol jet printer (AJP) platform, utilizing water-based silver nanoparticle ink. The investigation covers printing parameters, including ultrasonic atomizer mass flow control (UAMFC), sheath flow control (SMFC), stage speed, multiple passes, and sintering analysis (time and temperature). The evaluation of print quality is conducted using white light interferometry (WLI) and optical microscopy images. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of printed lines is computed by integrating the bell-shaped CSA obtained from the WLI test. Electrical and mechanical properties are quantified in terms of resistivity and shear load to failure. Optimized parameters from the printing and sintering process are employed to print traces, and various components are attached using electrically conductive adhesive (ECA). The impact of sustainable ink and ECA on passive components is analyzed by comparing their performance before and after attachment. Components within an acceptable range of the rated value are in proper functioning order, contributing to the advancement of flexible and sustainable electronics. Finally, a practical differentiator circuit has been used to demonstrate the functionally working circuitry and compared the output with the simulated one.
Impact of Immersion Cooling on Thermomechanical Properties of Halogen-Free Substrate Core
Authors: Bansode Pratik , Suthar Rohit , Bhandari Rabin , Lakshminarayana Akshay , Eda Naga Tejesh , Gupta Gautam , Simon Vibin , Modi Himanshu , Nair Vivek , Shahi Pardeep , Saini Satyam , Sivaraju Krishna Bhavana , Agonafer Dereje 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The data center's server power density and heat generation have increased exponentially because of the recent, unparalleled rise in the processing and storing of massive amounts of data on a regular basis. One-third of the overall energy used in conventional air-cooled data centers is directed toward cooling information technology equipment (ITE). The traditional air-cooled data centers must have low air supply temperatures and high air flow rates to support high-performance servers, rendering air cooling inefficient and compelling data center operators to use alternative cooling technology. Due to the direct interaction of dielectric fluids with all the components in the server, single-phase liquid immersion cooling addresses mentioned problems by offering a significantly greater thermal mass and a high percentage of heat dissipation. Single-phase liquid immersion cooling is a viable option for hyperscale, edge, and modular data center applications because, unlike direct-to-chip liquid cooling, it does not call for a complex liquid distribution system configuration and the dielectric liquid can make direct contact with all server components. Immersion cooling is superior to conventional air-cooling technology in terms of thermal energy management; however, there have been very few studies on the reliability of such cooling technology. A detailed assessment of the material compatibility of different electronic packaging materials for immersion cooling was required to comprehend their failure modes and reliability. For the mechanical design of electronics, the modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) are essential material characteristics. The substrate is a crucial element of an electronic package that has a significant impact on the reliability and failure mechanisms of electronics at both the package and the board level. As per Open Compute Project (OCP) design guidelines for immersion-cooled IT equipment, the traditional material compatibility tests from standards like ASTM 3455 can be used with certain appropriate adjustments. The primary focus of this research is to address two challenges: The first part is to understand the impact of thermal aging on the thermomechanical properties of the halogen-free substrate core in the single-phase immersion cooling. Another goal of the study is to comprehend how thermal aging affects the thermomechanical characteristics of the substrate core in the air. In this research, the substrate core is aged in synthetic hydrocarbon fluid (EC110), polyalphaolefin 6 (PAO 6), and ambient air for 720 h each at two different temperatures: 85 °C and 125 °C, and the complex modulus and the glass transition temperature before and after aging are calculated and compared.
Electroacupuncture for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhu Lili , Yan Yan , Yu Jinna , Liu Yan , Sun Yuanjie , Chen Yu , Fang Jiufei , Liu Zhishun 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition commonly seen among men aged over 40, significantly affecting their quality of life and typically accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Acupuncture presents a potentially effective treatment option; however, the exact effects remain uncertain. Therefore, we design this multicentre randomised trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) for relieving LUTS in men with BPH.Methods and analysisA two-arm, sham-controlled, subject-blinded and assessor-blinded trial will be conducted in 11 hospitals in China to compare EA with sham electroacupuncture (SA) in treating moderate to severe LUTS of BPH among men aged 40–80. A total of 306 eligible male patients will be recruited and assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive either EA or SA for 24 sessions over a succession of 8 weeks, with 24 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome will be the proportions of participants with at least 30% reduction in the International Prostate Symptom Score total score from baseline at weeks 8 and 20. All statistical analyses will be conducted in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle, and a two-tailed p value less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the institutional review board of Guang’anmen Hospital (2022-203-KY), as well as other recruitment centres. Each participant will receive the detailed information of the trial, and sign the written informed consent. The results of the trial are expected to be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT05585450.
Slow walking speed and health-related exit from employment among older workers over 5 years of follow-up: evidence from the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) cohort study
Authors: Syddall Holly E , Ntani G , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Zaballa Elena , D'Angelo Stefania , Walker-Bone Karen 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionWith demographic changes, there is increasing demand for individuals and governments to lengthen working lives. Jobs that are very physically demanding are likely to be more difficult to sustain at older ages. If workers at risk of mismatch of demand and capability could be identified early, there would be opportunities for intervention for health or lifestyle and/or re-training or redeployment.ObjectiveTo investigate whether self-reported walking speed (a good measure of function in elderly people) predicted health-related job loss (HRJL) longitudinally over 5 years of follow-up among middle-aged workers.DesignData came from the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) prospective cohort study of middle-aged people (aged 50–64 years) in UK.SettingGeneral population survey (sampling frame was 24 General Practice registers).ParticipantsThe cohort included 8134 people recruited in 2013–2014. For the current analyses, 5217 people who ever worked and completed at least one follow-up questionnaire were eligible.Primary outcomeExit from employment mainly or partly for health reasons (HRJL).ResultsAt baseline, very slow walking speed was associated with: obesity, physical inactivity, smoking (men), financial hardship, lower educational attainment and not being in professional occupations. In total, 527 people (10%) reported at least one HRJL during follow-up. After adjustment, the HR for HRJL among men with very slow walking-speed was 4.32, 95% CI 2.72 to 6.87 and among women was 4.47, 95% CI 3.04 to 6.57. After further adjustment for ‘difficulty coping with physical demands at work’, hazards remained doubled in men and women.ConclusionsSelf-reported walking speed could help identify older workers who are at increased risk of HRJL. This could provide opportunities for intervention through optimising health and lifestyle, restricting physical workload, retraining or redeployment. Early appropriate intervention could enable longer working lives and promote healthier, more equal ageing.