bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale‐dependent effect sizes of ecological drivers on biodiversity: why standardised sampling is not enough
Authors: Chase Jonathan M. , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere is little consensus about how natural (e.g. productivity, disturbance) and anthropogenic (e.g. invasive species, habitat destruction) ecological drivers influence biodiversity. Here, we show that when sampling is standardised by area (species density) or individuals (rarefied species richness), the measured effect sizes depend critically on the spatial grain and extent of sampling, as well as the size of the species pool. This compromises comparisons of effects sizes within studies using standard statistics, as well as among studies using meta‐analysis. To derive an unambiguous effect size, we advocate that comparisons need to be made on a scale‐independent metric, such as Hurlbert's Probability of Interspecific Encounter. Analyses of this metric can be used to disentangle the relative influence of changes in the absolute and relative abundances of individuals, as well as their intraspecific aggregations, in driving differences in biodiversity among communities. This and related approaches are necessary to achieve generality in understanding how biodiversity responds to ecological drivers and will necessitate a change in the way many ecologists collect and analyse their data.
A new method for modelling the support effect under rotating bending fatigue: application to Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy, with and without shot peening
Authors: Olmi G. , Freddi A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe subject of this paper is to investigate the capability of the relative stress gradient to properly represent the beneficial effect of residual stress states on the fatigue life of Ti‐6Al‐4V specimens, with notches of different severity. The research was developed considering notched and un‐notched specimens with different geometries and different shot‐peening treatments. The results were determined by running fatigue experimentation under rotating bending and by developing a novel predictive model based on the relationship between the local fatigue limit and a generalized form of the relative stress gradient, accounting for the peening‐induced residual stresses. The proposed tool for fatigue limit estimation was completed by a stochastic analysis, which considered the variability of the involved parameters, in particular the residual stress entity. This made it possible to finally determine the component failure probability in a general, efficient and accurate way.
Knowledge, Innovation, and Regional Performance: Toward Smart Innovation Policies
Authors: Capello Roberta 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIf the need to develop a knowledge economy at the regional level is increasingly evident to policy makers in Europe, the right set of policies to accomplish such an aim has not yet been devised, and is an important policy debate also at the European Community level. This special issue is a step forward in this direction. The design and implementation of regional innovation policies should take the specificities of each regional mode of innovation into account, and these peculiarities can be highlighted only through sound scientific conceptual and empirical analyses in which the regional dimension is carefully taken into consideration and the spatial effects of policy tools like R&D investments and innovation incentives clearly assessed in terms of their impact on regional growth in different regional contexts. It is in this spirit that this special issue has been conceived.
R&D, Socio‐Economic Conditions, and Regional Innovation in the U.S
Authors: Crescenzi Riccardo , Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper looks at the genesis of innovation in the U.S. from a territorial perspective. The analysis aims to disentangle the impact of local research and development (R&D) expenditure from other contextual conditions supportive of the process of innovation. Particular emphasis is devoted to the role of socio‐economic factors and systems of innovation (“social filter” conditions) and to their impact on the returns of R&D expenditure in different territorial contexts. The empirical analysis is based on a regional knowledge production function approach, leading to an empirical model estimated by means of panel data analysis for the period between 1994 and 2007 at the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis‐Economic Area level. The results unveil the complexity of the territorial dynamics of innovation of the U.S. Local R&D investments are important predictors for regional innovative performance and their impact is highly localised. However, social filter conditions are fundamental for the productivity of innovation efforts.
Regional Innovation Patterns and the EU Regional Policy Reform: Toward Smart Innovation Policies
Authors: Camagni Roberto , Capello Roberta 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe present debate on regional policy design to fit the Europe 2020 Agenda calls for additional reflections on the way sectoral policies, like innovation policies, can be translated appropriately into a regional setting. The paper enters the debate on smart specialization strategies by stressing the need to overcome the simplistic dichotomy between core and periphery in the Union and between an advanced “research area” (the core) and a “co‐application area” of general purpose technologies to local technological specificities (the periphery). The geography of innovation is much more complex than a simple core‐periphery model, and the logical pathway toward innovation is much more complex than the linear model of research and development‐invention‐innovation direct link: the innovation patterns are differentiated among regions according to their regional context conditions. The identification of specific “innovation patterns” is necessary to design “smart innovation” policies. The paper presents a critique to the smart specialization debate, suggests a new taxonomy of European innovative regions based on their innovation patterns, and proposes innovation policies for each regional mode of innovation.
Outsourcing child care, home cleaning and meal preparation
Authors: Cornelisse‐Vermaat Judith R. , van Ophem Johan A.C. , Antonides Gerrit , Maassen van den Brink Henriëtte 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the outsourcing of child care, home cleaning and meal preparation is analysed by means of a socio‐economic model that incorporates household‐economic, life cycle, lifestyle and health variables. The data (n = 700) were collected during a telephone survey in the Netherlands. About 10% of the households did not use any of the three outsourcing types. About 70 to 90% of households outsourced meal preparation at least once per month. In each household life cycle stage, the average monthly expenditures on outsourcing meal preparation were the highest of the three outsourcing categories. Factors affecting expenditures were generally the same for each type of outsourcing studied. In general, household economic variables including wage and working hours were unimportant in explaining the incidence and expenditures of outsourcing. The same holds for self‐reported health. All expenditure types were affected by life cycle variables. There was an indication that a traditional lifestyle and traditional family type affected outsourcing expenditures negatively. Education appeared as an important factor: regardless of gender, both medium‐ and higher‐educated people were more inclined to spend money on outsourcing than the lower educated. Especially, people younger than 44 years outsourced meal preparation. Outsourcing was neither restricted to nor especially practised by couples.
Scaling mental imagery: an application to commercial web sites
Authors: Frikha Azza , Khrouf Lilia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study develops a comprehensive scale for measuring customers' mental imagery for commercial web sites. Following Churchill's framework, a number of methodological instruments including two focus groups (the first with 4 experts and the second with 9 PhD students) and three surveys (151 students for the first survey, 205 and 200 web surfers, respectively, for the second and the third surveys) are used. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) resulted in a multiple‐item (13 items) scale with four dimensions; quantity/ease, links, vividness/clarity and valence, which seems to exhibit evidence of reliability and validity.
Public face and private thrift in Chinese consumer behaviour
Authors: Lin Li , Xi Dong , Lueptow Richard M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe concept of face, or mianzi, is quite important in Chinese culture. We examine how public face and private thrift together affect Chinese consumer shopping behaviour based on the results of a survey of nearly 400 Chinese consumers under the age of 40. When a product is used in public or the behaviour occurs in a public place, Chinese consumers are typically willing to spend more money than if a product or service is used in a private place or at home. In addition, non‐Chinese or Western brands do not mean more ‘face’ to Chinese consumers. Instead, it is the expense of the item that matters most with the ultimate goal of being praised by others.
Overview of skin diseases linked to connexin gene mutations
Authors: Avshalumova Lyubov , Fabrikant Jordan , Koriakos Angie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMutations in skin‐expressed connexin genes, such as connexins 26, 30, 30.3, 31, and 43, have been linked to several human hereditary diseases with multiple organ involvement. Mutations in connexin 26 are linked to diseases includingVohwinkel syndrome, keratitis‐ichthyosis deafness, and hystrix‐like ichthyosis deafness syndromes, palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness, deafness withClouston‐like phenotype, andBart–Pumphrey syndrome. Mutations in connexin 30 are correlated withClouston syndrome. Connexin 30.3 and 31 mutations lead to erythrokeratoderma variabilis, and mutations in connexin 43 are correlated with oculodentodigital dysplasia. Provided is a review of these mutations and related skin disorders.
Amaranth flour, cassava starch and cassava bagasse in the production of gluten‐free pasta: technological and sensory aspects
Authors: Fiorda Fernanda Assumpção , Soares Júnior Manoel Soares , da Silva Flávio Alves , Souto Luciana Reis Fontinelle , Grosmann Maria Victória Eiras 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe objective of the present research was to analyse the combined effect of pregelatinised cassava starch and bagasse (70:30) flour, cassava starch and amaranth flour on the cooking properties of pasta, verify the acceptance and buying intention of the product with the best technological characteristics, and finally compare them with commercial products made with regular and whole wheat flour. The vermicelli‐type pasta obtained in this study in the proportion of 10:60:30 (pre‐gelatinised flour:cassava starch:amaranth flour) showed the best results in the quality tests, with a cooking time of 3 min, mass increase of 101.5% and 0.6% solids loss to the cooking water, superior to the commercial pasta. Acceptance testing showed that this was a very good pasta (score of 7.2 on a 9‐point scale) and obtained 42% buying intention amongst the consumers. The elaboration of pasta containing pregelatinised cassava starch and bagasse (70:30) flour, cassava starch and amaranth flour was shown to be a feasible alternative with respect to the technological and sensory aspects, and could be consumed by those suffering from gluten intolerance.
Diosgenin quantification, characterisation and chemical composition in a tuber collection of Dioscorea spp. in the state of Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: de Lourdes Contreras‐Pacheco María , Santacruz‐Ruvalcaba Fernando , García‐Fajardo Jorge A. , de Jesús Sánchez G. José , Ruíz L. Mario A. , Estarrón‐Espinosa Mirna , Castro‐Castro Arturo 
Published: May 2013

SummaryDioscorea spp. tubers are known commonly as camote de cerro to the state of Jalisco, México. Besides its use as food, it contains diosgenin, a raw material used widely for synthesising steroid hormones. The purpose of the present research was to determine diosgenin contents by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), as well as physical and chemical characteristics of sixty Dioscorea spp. accessions cultivated in mesh shade coming from eleven localities in the state of Jalisco. Extraction protocol for diosgenin was maceration combined with ethanol 80%. Significant statistical differences for diosgenin content were found between accessions, finding levels between 0.02 and 0.16 mg kg−1 in dry basis. Length, weight tuber, proportion pulp/skin, percentage of pulp and percentage of skin showed significant differences. Chemical composition based in fresh weight presented in moisture percentage a range of 71.93–83.26%, crude protein 1.42–1.74%, ashes 0.80–1.16%, lipid 0.13–0.17%, crude fibre 3.80–4.02% and total carbohydrates 13.97–25.44%. Results show that tubers from Jalisco can be an important source of nutrients for consumers.
Pyoderma gangrenosum – a review of 24 cases observed over 10 years
Authors: Pereira Neide , Brites Maria Manuel , Gonçalo Margarida , Tellechea Óscar , Figueiredo Amérido 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground and objectives  Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a disorder, included in the spectrum of neutrophilic and auto‐inflammatory dermatoses, whose clinical aspects and outcome we intend to characterize.Materials and methods  In a retrospective study based on files of patients diagnosed during a 10‐year period (2000–2009), we evaluated demographic data, anatomic locations, number of lesions, clinical variants, associated diseases, treatment regimens, healing time, and recurrence.Results  A total of 24 patients were included, 19 women and five men (F/M = 3.8/1), aged between 17 and 89 years (mean 58.3 ± 24.6 years) with a diagnosis of PG. Lesions, single in 15 patients (62.5%) and multiple in nine (37.5%), were localized in the lower limbs in 19 patients (79.2%), upper limbs (4), abdomen (4), face (2) and genital area (1). Clinical variants observed were ulcerative (17 patients), pustular (4), bullous (2) and superficial granulomatous (1). Associated systemic diseases were observed in 18 patients (75%), gastrointestinal in seven patients (29.2%), hematological in seven (25%), autoimmune inflammatory in three (12%), and solid tumors in two (8.3%). Systemic steroids were used in the treatment, either alone in 10 patients (41.7%) or combined with cyclosporine in eight (33.3%). Complete healing was achieved in 20 patients, on average five months after diagnosis, but lesions recurred one or more times in four patients (16.7%).Conclusions  As reported in the literature, PG is a rare disorder, more common in females, frequently associated with systemic disease, which compromises the prognosis.
Sebaceous carcinoma in the clinical setting of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: the Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Chang Timothy W. , Weaver Amy L. , Brewer Jerry D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectives Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma is a hematologic malignancy associated with the more aggressive behavior of some forms of skin cancer. An association between sebaceous carcinoma and immunosuppression has been identified, but the behavior of sebaceous carcinoma in the setting of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma has not been studied. This study aimed to increase understanding of the behavior of sebaceous carcinoma in patients with concomitant non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.Methods Six patients diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma from 1976 to 2008 were identified at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Their charts were reviewed retrospectively.Results All six patients were male and White and presented with sebaceous carcinoma on non‐eyelid regions of the head and neck. Two patients had Muir–Torre syndrome; four had secondary cancers that included colon, prostate, transitional cell, and urothelial cancers. Skin cancers other than sebaceous carcinoma included basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Three patients died of causes unrelated to sebaceous carcinoma; one died of an unknown cause and two were alive at the time of the study.Conclusions Sebaceous carcinoma does not appear to behave more aggressively in the setting of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Larger studies are needed to definitively understand how sebaceous carcinoma behaves in patients with lymphoma.
Hepatitis C virus genotypes among patients with lichen planus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Halawani Mona 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectives  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and HCV genotypes/subtypes among patients with lichen planus (LP) in Saudi Arabia.Methods  Fifty patients with LP and 50 healthy blood donors were recruited from dermatology outpatient clinics, and blood samples along with demographic and clinical data were collected. Sera were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, bilirubin, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, anti‐HCV antibodies, and HCV‐RNA. Patients with anti‐HCV‐positive LP were genotyped and subtyped.Results  Clinical examination revealed that 26 (55.3%) of our patients had cutaneous LP, and 10 (21.30%) presented with oral LP. Eleven (23.4%) patients with LP had cutaneous as well as oral infection. Twenty‐eight (59.6%) of our patients with LP were exposed to a variety of HCV risk factors, including history of intramuscular injections (nine of 47; 19%), blood transfusion (seven of 47; 15%), and exposure to family member with HCV infection (five of 47; 10.6%). Of the 47 patients with LP, six (12.76%) tested positive for anti‐HCV antibodies, with two of six (33.33%) being HCV‐RNA positive showing HCV genotypes 1b and 4a, respectively. Mean ± SD serum levels of ALT and AST among patients with anti‐HCV‐positive LP (n = 6) were slightly higher as compared with patients with anti‐HCV‐negative LP. None of the 50 healthy blood donors tested positive for anti‐HCV antibodies, and their liver function test profiles were within normal reference range.Conclusion  Our findings are in agreement with earlier reports that HCV infection is associated with LP and recommend the screening of patients with LP for ALT, AST, and anti‐HCV antibodies for early diagnosis of HCV infection.
Doses of erythemal ultraviolet radiation observed in Brazil
Authors: de Paula Corrêa Marcelo , C.M. Pires Luciana 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNon‐melanoma skin cancer represents a quarter of the new cancer cases detected in Brazil. Despite the importance of this issue to public health, there are deficits in knowledge on the local UV radiation levels among physicians. In this work, we evaluate a set of daily erythemal UV doses measured in different Brazilian locations. Very high erythemal UV doses that often exceeded safe amounts were observed over almost the whole year, even during the time interval usually recommended as safe (before 10:00 h and after 16:00 h). These findings will hopefully enable foreign tourists, dermatologists, and decision‐makers to implement new measures for solar protection according to South American standards.
Practical pearls in phototherapy
Authors: Tsui Cindy L. , Levitt Jacob 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe following tips are suggested for phototherapy: (i) calibrate the unit with a radiometer every 2–4 weeks; (ii) change all bulbs at the same time every 8–10 months for regularly used machines or when the UV meter shows that the power has reached 3 or 4 mW/cm2; (iii) avoid phototherapy sessions on consecutive days to prevent burn on burn; (iv) in the event of a burn, reduce the last PUVA or UVB dose by 50%, reinitiating when erythema has fully disappeared, which might take two days to two weeks; (v) nausea from oral psoralens can be avoided by taking it with a fixed amount of milk or food, taking an antiemetic with this meal prior to dosing, taking five ginger tablets 15 minutes before dosing, or dividing the dosage; (vi) to achieve 0.03% concentration of 8‐methoxypsoralen for hand and foot soak PUVA, dissolve a 10‐mg tablet or 1.0 cc of Oxsoralen® solution 1% in 3 l of water; and (vii) to achieve 0.000075% concentration of 8‐methoxypsoralen for full‐body soak PUVA, dissolve 60 mg 8‐methoxypsoralen in 80 l of water (i.e. a bath tub).
Cognitive Impairment and the Right to Vote: A Strategic Approach
Authors: Barclay Linda 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMost democratic countries either limit or deny altogether voting rights for people with cognitive impairments or mental health conditions. Against this weight of legal and practical exclusion, disability advocacy and developments in international human rights law increasingly push in the direction of full voting rights for people with cognitive impairments. Particularly influential has been the adoption by the UN of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2007. Article 29 declares that states must ‘ensure that persons with disabilities can effectively and fully participate in political and public life on an equal basis with others, directly or through freely chosen representatives, including the right and opportunity for persons with disabilities to vote and be elected’. This article also argues for the right of all people to vote, including people with cognitive impairments, by adopting a uniquely strategic approach. Firstly, some of the strategic limitations of existing arguments in favour of extending the franchise are highlighted. Most such arguments are flawed because they run the risk of inviting disparaging philosophical commentary which compares disabled people to animals, or because they are based on implausible empirical claims, or because they inadvertently tie the case for voting rights for the disabled to other cases unlikely to ever enjoy widespread acceptance. This article, instead, justifies extending voting rights to all people with cognitive impairments based on a simple cost‐benefit analysis that avoids all of these problems.
Peri‐implant versus periodontal wound healing
Authors: Emecen‐Huja Pinar , Eubank Tim D. , Shapiro Vladimir , Yildiz Vedat , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Leblebicioglu Binnaz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimPeri‐implant gingival healing following one‐stage implant placement was investigated and compared to periodontal healing.MethodsHealing at surgical sites [implant (I) and adjacent teeth (T+)] was compared to non‐operated tooth (T−) in non‐smokers receiving one‐stage implant. Periodontal Indices (PI, GI) were recorded at surgery and up to 12 weeks post‐operatively. Peri‐implant (PICF) and gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) were analysed for cytokines, collagenases and inhibitors. Data were analysed by linear mixed model regression analysis and repeated measures anova.ResultsForty patients (22 females; 21–74 years old) completed the study. Surgical site GI, increased at week 1, decreased significantly during early healing (weeks 1–3; p = 0.0003) and continually decreased during late healing (weeks 6–12) for I (p < 0.01). PICF volume decreased threefold by week 12 (p = 0.0003). IL‐6, IL‐8, MIP‐1β and TIMP‐1 levels significantly increased at surgical sites at week one, significantly decreasing thereafter (p < 0.016). Week one IL‐6, IL‐8 and MIP‐1β levels were ~threefold higher and TIMP‐1 levels 63% higher, at I compared to T+ (p = 0.001).ConclusionPeri‐implant gingival healing, as determined by crevicular fluid molecular composition, differs from periodontal healing. The observed differences suggest that peri‐implant tissues, compared to periodontal tissues, represent a higher pro‐inflammatory state.