bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial Spreading Melanoma „Slumbered“ Behind the Shadow of Onychomycosis
Authors: Trayanova E. , Chokoeva A. , Tchernev G. 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of cutaneous cancer. Due to the continuously increasing rate of newly detected cases each year and because of its particular low survival rate, the scientific interest in this type of neoplasia is constantly growing. Sun exposure is identified as the major etiologic factor for malignant transformation of the melanocytes. According to the WHO, malignant melanoma is divided into four main groups, as the superficial spreading form is defined as the most “gentle” among them. The name of this subspecies does not have to “drowse” the attention of dermatologists considering the possible metastasic risk, even at a later stage. Due to lack of subjective complaints, patients do not seek active consultation on this occasion, as this type of lesions often remain missed within the clinical examination. Early diagnosis, however, as well as early surgical removal is the key to increasing the survival rate of the patients. We present a case of a 88 year-old female patient consulted with dermatologist on occasion of severe onychomycosis, as a pigment lesion on the anterior surface of the right leg. Clinically and dermatoscopically suspected superficial spreading melanoma was detected within the examination.
Transylvanianism as Identity Discourse
Authors: Nagy Imola Katalin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper aims at making a presentation of the main regional ideologies of the Transylvanian cultural and spiritual life in the interwar period. The Hungarians’ Transylvanianism and the Romanians’ creative localism or ardelenism alike offered a wide range of key concepts and ideas that shaped/and were shaped by the cultural context of the time. Both regionalisms - Romanian and Hungarian - shared many of these concepts and ideas, although they never really sustained an open and efficient communication due to a series of causes. The shifts that occurred in the self-defining strategies, the communication breakdowns that characterized the relationships between the two cultural milieus and intellectual circles, the identity discourses that can be spotted in the media of that time, and the movement known as Transylvanianism are all approached with the purpose of identifying the causes that hindered real and efficient communication between Romanians and Hungarians.
Linguistic Attitudes and Ideologies of the Students of the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania
Authors: Fazakas Noémi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper aims at presenting the linguistic attitudes and the underlying ideologies of the students of the Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania towards their mother tongue and the Romanian language. It provides a brief summary of the most important theoretical aspects entailed (definitions and an overview of the Hungarian sociolinguistic research on linguistic attitudes and ideologies) with special regard to István Lanstyák’s classification of linguistic ideologies. The paper continues with the presentation of the University, of the population and the sample used in the research, and the distribution of the respondents by faculty, sex, age, place of origin, nationality and mother tongue. In the following chapter, the perceived Romanian competence and the attitudes of the students towards the Romanian language is discussed. The last part of the paper gives a qualitative analysis of the responses to the question Where do you think is the most beautiful Hungarian spoken?, focusing on the issues of linguistic attitudes of the students and the ideologies behind them regarding their opinions on the most beautiful variety of the Hungarian language.
Revealing V. Voiculescu’s Paradoxical Personality
Authors: Suciu Sorin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Our short study tries to cast light upon a canonical Romanian poet’s paradoxical personality, a poet who, in our opinion, “suffered” by the “anxiety of influence” - a concept theorized by Harold Bloom - and, thus, endeavored in an imaginary translation of Shakespeare’s “last sonnets”. In order to reach our goal, we travelled throughout V. Voiculescu’s paratopia, using Maingueneau’s concept to understand how a believer was able to be - at the same time - poet, mystic, physician, philosopher and theologian, in the sense in which God the Word was speaking inside him, o theos logos. The multiple aspects of his personality are being revealed with the help of a various bibliography, into the light of Agapè, the divine love descending onto a poet who was being moved towards it by the all powerful Eros. The paradox is the fact that the full measure of his art was given at an old age - mid seventies -, an age when other poets are repeating themselves in a minor gamut, depleted by their intellectual force, as they are physically weakened.
Die rumänischen Identitäten in Veränderung
Authors: Bíró Béla 
Published: May 2015

Abstrakt
Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit dem in den Sozialwissenschaften recht umstrittenen Konzept der Identität auseinander. Dabei wird versucht, durch eine Analyse die sich auf ein flüssiges, zeit- und geschichtsimmanentes Verständnis von Identität baut, auf eine Morphologie von Identitätskonstruktionen zu stoßen. Als Beispiel und Objekt der vorliegenden Analyse dienen die Beziehung und das Zusammenleben der Minderheiten in Rumänien, vor allem während des kommunistischen Regimes.
Inverse Gas Chromatographic Examination of Polymer Composites
Authors: Voelkel Adam , Strzemiecka Beata , Milczewska Kasylda , Okulus Zuzanna 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Inverse gas chromatographic characterization
of resins and resin based abrasive materials, polymerpolymer
and polymer-filler systems, as well as dental
restoratives is reviewed.
Understanding Interaction Inside and Outside the EFL Self-Concept System: A Case Study of Chinese Learners in Junior High School
Authors: Chen Xia , Xu Hao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis case study on three Chinese EFL learners in junior high school examined the interaction inside and outside learners’ EFL self-concept system, and the findings revealed: (1) inside the self-concept system, the interaction between the global and specific self-concepts is of much complexity; (2) the gap between the global and specific self-concepts would cause imbalance in the self-concept system, and thus trigger efforts to improve learning, while some reconciling elements in the global self-concept may sustain balance in the self-concept system, inhibiting learners’ motivation to improve; and (3) the degree of specificity of learners’ specific selfconcepts that inform learners’ learning efforts contributes considerably to the outcome of these efforts, as does that of learners’ beliefs about EFL learning which mediate the learning efforts.
Task-Induced Involvement Load: The Accumulation Effects on Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Wang Jui-Hsin Teresa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCollege EFL learners in Taiwan are often required to do online reading after school to get more exposure to English. Websites designed for EFL learners often provide some post-reading exercises to help them acquire words. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine a series of vocabulary tasks from one English learning website by revealing their induced involvement loads and the effects of the loads on learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Sixty-four sophomore non-English majors were at intermediate English proficient level. They were randomly assigned to four groups representing four learning conditions doing from none to three post-reading activities, respectively. The results showed that similar increase on the retention of word meanings was observed between any two exercises. Furthermore, the significant difference was found between the first and the fourth learning conditions. This suggests that after doing three post-reading exercises, reaching five involvement loads, the EFL learners could make a difference on word gains.
The feasibility of lumboperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus after endovascular coil embolization of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Neki Hiroaki , Kohyama Shinya , Yamane Fumitaka , Ishihara Hideaki , Uemiya Nahoko , Kakehi Yoshiaki , Niimi Jun , Ishihara Shoichiro 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objective: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical usefulness of lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt placement surgery for chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: A total of 225 patients underwent endovascular coiling for aneurysmal SAH at our institution between April 2007 and May 2012. Of these, the medical records of 190 consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed for hydrocephalus incidence, shunt procedure-related complication rate, and hydrocephalus improvement rate. Of the 190 cases included for analysis, 102 were classified as Hunt and Hess (H and H) grades 1–2 (low H and H grade) and 88 as grades 3–5 (high H and H grade). Forty-nine cases were classified as Fisher group 1–2 (low Fisher group) and 141 as groups 3–4 (high Fisher group), which included five Fisher group 4 patients.

Results: Of the 190 patients analyzed, 22 (11.6%) presented with chronic hydrocephalus and underwent shunt placement surgery. A severe H and H grade (grade 3–5) and high Fisher group (group 3–4) were significant risk factors for chronic hydrocephalus. Twelve LP shunt surgeries and ten ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgeries were performed. All patients showed symptom improvement as confirmed by imaging results. In the LP shunt group, there were no procedure-related complications. One patient in the VP shunt group developed ventricular hemorrhage and one patient in each group developed a postoperative infection.

Conclusion: LP shunting, which is considered relatively less invasive, yielded similar results as VP shunting; therefore, it may be an option for managing chronic hydrocephalus after endovascular treatment for SAH.
The speech disorganizers: Uncooperative addressees and their impact on speakers
Authors: Pollard Anna 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe study of dialogue does not belong to one discipline alone. This paper brings together a range of cross-disciplinary data – from sociolinguistics, child development, social neuroscience and virtual reality engineering – to investigate an aspect of dialogue that is somewhat under-researched: the disruptive power of an addressee who does not respond as expected. Much evidence exists to show that addressees who demonstrate rapport with speakers play an active role in encouraging speakers to perform effectively. But less work has been done on the impact made on speaker competence by addressees who respond uncooperatively, and there has been no attempt to approach it from a cross-disciplinary perspective. In this paper, I suggest that verbal or non-verbal addressee responses that do not meet the expectations projected by a speaker can have a systematic and damaging effect on speaker performance at the conceptualization (or message) level, and that this disorganization takes place automatically and below the level of consciousness.
Metonymy revisited: Towards a new relevance-theoretic account
Authors: Jodłowiec Maria , Piskorska Agnieszka 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMetonymy is a pervasive aspect of spontaneous as well as reflective linguistic performance and its cognitive and communicative role needs to be adequately attended to. The paper aims to offer a new model of metonymy grounded in the relevance-theoretic approach to communication, adopting the view that all comprehension is underlain by inferential processes. First, we present a critical overview of selected existing accounts of metonymy put forward by cognitive linguists, arguing that although they offer valuable observations about the role of metonymy in online meaning construction and bring to light a varied spectrum of different types of metonymic conceptualizations, cognitive linguistic analyses fall some way short of offering a convincing rationale for metonymic uses in verbal communication and do not articulate a psychologically plausible and testable principle that would explain why metonymy arises and how the intended meaning is inferred in context by the recipient. We also critically address the existing relevance-theoretic models, which, while offering a cognitively motivated account of metonymy, likewise suffer from certain inadequacies. In an attempt to remedy these shortcomings, we develop a fully inferential relevance-theoretic account, which assumes that metonymy is a case of tagging the intended referent by a concept literally denoted by the metonymic expression. The real-world contiguity which underlies metonymic usage is postulated to be encapsulated in mental schemas that are indexed by the concept that the metonymic word or phrase provides access to.
Multi-parameter Simultaneously Sensing Based on an Optimized Concatenated FBG with LPG
Authors: Chen Yong , Liu Bao-lin , Liu Huan-lin , Yang Kai , Chen Li-juan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe analyze an optical fiber sensor based on a concatenated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with long period grating (LPG) with transfer matrix method and experiment. First, we optimize parameters of concatenated structure in the method of simulation and discuss the influence that the lengths, periods and dc induced index changes of FBG and LPG and length of optical fiber between LPG and FBG has to influence reflection spectrum. Second, based on the optimized parameters for concatenated structure, fabricate such structure and use it to monitor concentration and temperature simultaneously. Simulation result proves that increasing the lengths of FBG and LPG properly, and length of optical fiber between LPG and FBG fixed in 20 mm, more clearly reflection spectrum can be obtained. Experiment result shows a novel optical fiber sensor based on a concatenated strong fiber Bragg grating with a weak long period grating (CLBG) device can be used to monitor concentration and temperature simultaneously. The result of research has reference value in multi-parameter simultaneously sensing.
Performance Analysis of 16 Channel WDM System with 4 OADM
Authors: Kaur Prabhdeep , Bhatia Kamaljit Singh , Kaur Harsimrat 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we presented the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system based on optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM). We analysed the effect of loss on Q factor and BER for different fiber lengths. The NRZ modulation format is used for transmitting the signal for 9.953-Gb/s 16-channel WDM system based on OADM.
The life cycle functional response of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) to higher temperature: territorial expansion of permanent parthenogenetic development as a result of warmer weather conditions
Authors: Strażyński Przemysław , Ruszkowska Maria 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is the most abundant aphid species on cereals in Poland. It represents approximately 80% of all cereal aphids. Its anholocyclic forms are the most important vectors of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). These forms are new among the Polish population of R. padi. Their changes in development are the result of higher temperatures. High spring and summer temperatures initiate a change in the run of R. padi’s life cycle, which begins to reproduce by means of permanent parthenogenesis. In autumn, this aphid does not fly back to the primary host but inhabits wild grasses. It is in autumn that winter cereals emerge. This results in what appears to be a new problem because this viral infection spreads in warmer environmental conditions.
Differential anti-insect activity of natural products isolated from Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Díaz Martina , Díaz Carmen Elisa , Álvarez Ricardo Guillermo , González Andrés , Castillo Lucía , González-Coloma Azucena , Seoane Gustavo , Rossini Carmen 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Botanical biopesticides constitute an important tool for Integrated Pest Management practices. Uruguay has a great potential for developing botanical biopesticides from its abundant native flora. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. is a native Sapindaceae that in preliminary studies was shown to possess a potential deterrent activity against insect models. In this work, ethanolic extracts of the leaves of this species were studied. Bioguided fractionation and supercritical fluid extraction led to the isolation of active compounds. For that purpose four insect models were used: Epilachna paenulata, Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, and Rhopalosiphum padi, which are pests of crops of economic importance. Lupeol, stigmasterol, stigmast-7-en-3-ol, and a labdane diterpene were isolated and showed differential activity against the models.
A Panel Data Approach to the Measurement of Health Technical Efficiency of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Torkian Elham 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This study investigates technical efficiency of health production function in Sub-Saharan Africa. For this purpose, a stochastic production frontier model is estimated using fixed-effects panel data method over the period of 2000-2007. More specifically the impact of economic, social, and environmental factors in determining life expectancy at birth, as the dependent variable, is measured and evaluated. Overall, the results justify the important role of policymakers, who their proactive approaches should be given to activities that go beyond the health system to influence the main determinants of health i.e. socioeconomic and environmental factors in preventing infectious diseases, improving life expectancy and aid populations to access available resources.
The Relevance of Trend Variables for the Prediction of Corporate Crises and Insolvencies
Authors: Situm Mario 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This study investigated the potential of a specific trend, defined as the relative change of accounting ratios for two consecutive years, to improve the classification accuracy and model performance of insolvency prediction models based on multivariate linear discriminant analysis. The results show that the respective trend can include information from both consecutive years, but this informational content could not be exploited to improve early detection of corporate crises and insolvencies.
Macedonian Small Investors’ Behavior Towards Stock Market
Authors: Angelovska Julijana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Convenience sample survey was fielded to the Macedonian individual stock market investors to find out whether their investment behavior can be explained by some underlying factors grounded in the behavioral approach to the study of financial markets. Descriptive statistics technique has been used to analyze the investors’ attitude about the market’s efficiency and to test different theories of behavioral finance. The results have indicated that investors are not completely rational individuals as supposed by theories of traditional finance. Also in the theoretical framework of behavioral finance Macedonian investors use heuristics, or rules of thumb, when judging information and forming beliefs, but Macedonian investors do not behave as suggested within prospect theory and regret aversion.
A comparative structural study of alkane- α,ω-diphosphonic acids
Authors: van Megen Martin , Frank Walter , Reiss Guido J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In a comparative structural study, the solid state structures within the homologous series of alkane-α,ω-diphosphonic acids, H2O3P–(CH2)
n
–PO3H2 with n = 6–12, have been characterised by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of the odd-numbered diphosphonic acids were found to be homotypic. For the even-numbered diphosphonic acids – including the two already known polymorphs of butane-1,4-diphosphonic acid – two different types are found. Basically, all alkane-α,ω-diphosphonic acids exhibit pillared-layered structures with their terminal groups forming two-dimensional hydrogen bonded networks which are covalently bridged by alkylene chains. Structural differences occur within the hydrogen bonding systems as well as in the arrangement of the alkylene chains. Based on the existence of different structure types of the alkane-α,ω-diphosphonic acids, the progression of their melting points can be explained.
Management of adrenocortical insufficiency with continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion: long-term experience in three patients
Authors: Khanna A , Khurana R , Kyriacou A , Davies R , Ray DW 
Published: May 2015

Summary
To assess continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion (CSHI) in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency (AI) and difficulties with oral replacement. Three patients with AI and frequent hospital admissions attributed to adrenal crises were treated with CSHI, which was delivered via a continuous subcutaneous infusion. All three patients preferred CSHI and remained on it long term, which permitted prolonged follow-up analysis. All three patients reported symptomatic improvement, and in two cases, reduced hospital admission rates and inpatient stay lengths were observed. The cost of hospital admissions and overall treatment was reduced in all cases. CSHI offers a practical and acceptable alternative to oral replacement in a subset of patients with AI. The cost of initiating and maintaining the pump is offset in the long term by reduced frequency and duration of emergency admissions. CSHI can therefore be considered in a select group of patients who are resistant to treatment with conventional oral glucocorticoids.

Learning points

Continuous subcutaneous infusion of cortisol is a viable alternative in patients unable to take oral steroids.

Patient acceptability was high, with three out of three patients preferring to remain on pump treatment.

Hospital admissions were reduced in response to pump therapy, which compensated for the increased treatment cost.

The daily dosage of hydrocortisone can be reduced by using pump therapy.
No Significant Increase in the Δ4- and Δ7-Dafachronic Acid Concentration in the Long-Livedglp-1Mutant, nor in the Mutants Defective in Dauer Formation
Authors: Li Tie-Mei , Liu Weilong , Lu Shan , Zhang Yan-Ping , Jia Le-Mei , Chen Jie , Li Xiangke , Lei Xiaoguang , Dong Meng-Qiu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe steroid hormone dafachronic acid (DA) regulates dauer formation and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by binding to the nuclear receptor DAF-12. However, little is known about how DA concentrations change under various physiologic conditions and about how DA/DAF-12 signaling interacts with other signaling pathways that also regulate dauer formation and lifespan. Using a sensitive bioanalytical method, we quantified the endogenous DA concentrations in a long-lived germline-less glp-1 mutant and in the Dauer formation-defective (Daf-d) mutants daf-12, daf-16, daf-5, and daf-3. We found that the DA concentration in the glp-1 mutant was similar to that in the wild type (WT). This result is contrary to the long-held belief that germline loss-induced longevity involves increased DA production and suggests instead that this type of longevity involves an enhanced response to DA. We also found evidence suggesting that increased DA sensitivity underlies lifespan extension triggered by exogenous DA. At the L2/L3 stage, the DA concentration in a daf-12 null mutant decreased to 22% of the WT level. This finding is consistent with the previously proposed positive feedback regulation between DAF-12 and DA production. Surprisingly, the DA concentrations in the daf-16, daf-5, and daf-3 mutants were only 19–34% of the WT level at the L2/L3 stage, slightly greater than those in the Dauer formation-constitutive (Daf-c) mutants at the pre-dauer stage (4–15% of the WT L2 control). Our experimental evidence suggested that the positive feedback between DA and DAF-12 was partially induced in the three Daf-d mutants.