bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interesting case of uterine inversion-managed laparoscopically
Authors: Shah Nitin , Changede Pradnya Rajendra , Joshi Aditi , Patil Rohini , Patil Charudatta , Dudhwala Bhavik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
32-year-old unmarried woman presented with complaints of severe abdominal pain for 2 hours. The pain was sudden in origin, continuous in nature associated with giddiness and vomiting. She had got her menses a day prior , bleeding was heavy with passage of clots. She had menorrhagia for 5 months. On examination, pulse was 112 beats per minute, blood pressure was 100/60mmHg, severe pallor was present. On per vagina examination large fleshy mass was seen protruding in the vagina, cervix was not seen. On per vaginal examination, a globular mass was felt, while cervix could not be palpated separately. Uterine fundus was not palpable. A provisional diagnosis of Uterine inversion was made with a probable prolapsed fibroid or polyp. MRI pelvis confirmed the diagnosis. Her haemoglobin was 5 gm%, and coagulation profile was normal. On laparoscopy, uterine fundus was not visible, the fallopian tubes and ovaries seemed to be pulled into the vagina. Vasopressin was injected and incision was taken on posterior uterine wall (Haultain’s method ) to correct inversion. The uterine walls were slowly pulled upwards using tissue grasping forceps. The myoma was seen after incising the uterine walls. Myoma screw was used to completely enucleate the myoma from uterine bed. The bleeders in myoma bed were coagulated. Posterior uterine wall was sutured using barbed sutures. Bilateral round ligaments were plicated to provide additional strength. An adhesion barrier was placed over the sutured uterine wall to prevent adhesions. She received a total of 4 units of whole blood and 4 units of fresh frozen plasma. She was discharged on day 5 post surgery. Her post-operative course was uneventful. We are presenting this case due to its rare presentation in unmarried female and laparoscopic management of this case by Haultain’s method.
Prognostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers in Predicting Neurological Outcomes in Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries: An Observational Study
Authors: Negi Nidhi , Sharma Anil , Joshi Mrinal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to predict the prognostic value of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in predicting neurological outcomes in post-traumatic cervical spinal injuries (cord compression, cord oedema and cord haemorrhage) and to assess the neurological outcomes using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 55 patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) were recruited; history and neurological examination of the patient was done along with classifications of SCI according to ASIA after the assessment of vital parameters. MRI scan of cervical spine was done and certain parameters like presence or absence of haematoma, maximum spinal cord compression (MSCC), maximum canal compression (MCC) and lesion length were measured. Follow-up of neurological recovery was done on the 15th, 30th and 45th days and recorded in ASIA pro forma. Further to determine the correlation between MRI parameters and neurological recovery, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used.

Results:
Lesion length is statistically significant (P-value <0.05) for Asia Impairement Scale improvement at day 15, day 45, also significant for total sensory score and motor score on day 15 and shows significant for total sensory score on day 30, day 45. The presence of haematoma is statistically significant (P < 0.05) for total sensory score at day 30 and day 45, whereas MSCC and haematoma are statistically significant (<0.05) for total pinprick score at day 45.

Discussion:
Lesion length remains the most important predictor for neurological recovery after cervical spine trauma; however, haematoma and MSCC are potential predictors for neurological recovery and change in ASIA score. The study was registered at the Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI/2022/07/044163).
Outcomes of V-Y Quadricepsplasty for the Management of Genu Recurvatum Deformity in Congenital Dislocation Knee
Authors: Sahoo Pabitra Kumar , Deb Sourav , Singh Deepak Kumar , Parida Pramod Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Congenital dislocation knee (CDK) is a rare congenital anomaly clinically presented with genu recurvatum deformity. In early reported cases, conservative management with manipulation and serial casting once a week for up to 4 weeks can be successful. Surgical methods of deformity correction include percutaneous quadriceps recession, Z-plasty, V-Y quadricepsplasty (VYQ), and Achilles tendon reconstruction for the reconstruction of the quadriceps tendon. Very few studies are reported in Indian literature describing the outcomes of surgical intervention in such an uncommon congenital deformity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of VYQ in CDK.

Materials and Methods:
Ten children with CDK with a mean age of 44.4 months, who met the inclusion criteria, were included in the study. All the children had undergone VYQ as described by Curtis and Fisher and subsequently modified by Tercier and Shah. Outcome measures such as active and passive knee range of motion, quadriceps power, and modified knee functional scoring system were assessed at the final follow-up.

Results:
Most of the children in the current study achieved knee flexion of >90° with an average flexion of 90.5° + 21.73 (standard deviation), and 50% of them achieved quadriceps power Grade 4 or more (median 3.5). Modified knee function score was good in 60% of cases, fair in 20%, and excellent function in 10% of cases.

Conclusion:
Adequate knee flexion without quadriceps weakness and good knee function can be achieved by VYQ in CDK. This is a simple surgical procedure that can be easily learned with a flat learning curve.
Telerehabilitation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India: A 3-month Follow-up Study
Authors: Abins T. K. , Gaur Ravi , Gonnade Nitesh Manohar , Sheenam Nagma , Kolakkanni Chinchu , Adharshna T. K. , Sangeeth A. P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
India grapples with a mounting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) crisis driven by pervasive air pollution, especially from biomass burning. New Delhi’s classification as the capital with the worst pollution, with 35 other Indian cities in the global top 50, underscores the severity. COPD, the third-leading cause of global mortality, claimed 3.23 million lives in 2019, with a projected surge due to prevalent smoking and ongoing pollution. Domestically, COPD accounts for 9.5% of all deaths. Emphasizing the urgency of Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 to reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases, including chronic respiratory diseases, cost-effective pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), particularly telerehabilitation, emerges as a promising avenue for comprehensive COPD management in this challenging landscape.

Methods:
Patients with COPD (gold stages 1–3) confirmed by pulmonary function tests were enrolled. Functional exercise capacity, dyspnoea levels and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed using the 6-min walk test (6MWD), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale and SGRQ-C questionnaire, respectively. Participants received home-based PR and attended one 2-h PR session 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Follow-up was conducted telephonically monthly, and a final assessment was done at the end of the 3rd month.

Results:
Of the 88 initially recruited patients, 26 were lost to follow-up, leaving 62 who completed the 3-month programme. Significant improvements were observed in exercise tolerance (6-min walk test [6MWD]), with mean values increasing from 383.00 ± 71.22 to 441.3 ± 87.3 (P < 0.001). HRQoL, assessed by SGRQ-C, showed an overall improvement, with statistically significant reductions in total scores (42.15 ± 3.52–39.54 ± 3.41, P < 0.001) and in each domain (symptom, impact and activity).

Conclusion:
The study affirms telerehabilitation’s efficacy in enhancing exercise capacity and improving the quality of life for COPD patients, advocating its integration, particularly in regions with limited access to conventional rehabilitation programmes.
Psychological autopsy study of suicides in farmers: Study from Kerala
Authors: Suresh Kumar Pattath Narayanan , Suresh Rohith 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Though agricultural farming is considered a peaceful and healthy industry it has a high rate of mortality especially suicide. In India, 11.2% of suicides are reported in the farming sector.

Aim:
To identify the role of psychosocial factors leading to farmer’s suicide in a farmer’s dominant district of Kerala.

Material and Method:
One hundred and sixty-six successive suicides in Wayanad district and age, sex, marital status, and financial status matched normal controls residing in the same locality were evaluated and compared on psycho-social demographic variables, life events, and details of suicide.

Results:
Significantly a greater number of victims were living separately, living in rented homes, had no own land for cultivation, migrated, had marital discord, and strained relationships with relatives. They had loans from private financial enterprises and single money persons, had past attempts, a family history of alcoholism, and highly stressful life events. The most frequent psychiatric diagnosis was alcohol dependence/abuse followed by depression. The majority committed suicide by hanging followed by insecticide poisoning. Intention to commit suicide was expressed by 38.5% and 30.2% were intoxicated at the time of attempt. The venue for the attempt was the own house in 75.7% of cases.

Conclusion:
This study suggests the following remedial measures to prevent farmers’ suicides. Expert advice to manage financial constraints like availing loans, crop insurance, etc. Guidance from the agricultural department for cost-effective cultivation. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Translation and validation of the hindi version of the HEXACO personality inventory-revised
Authors: Maggu Gaurav , Bairwa Khushboo , Gaur Vikas , Ali Tahoora , Kelkar Parisha , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Recent lexical research in different languages has revealed that there are six personality dimensions instead of the previously proposed five dimensions. To address this issue, the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO PI-R), a self-rating scale to assess personality characteristics, was constructed. However, researchers in India faced a language barrier because it was only available in English.

Aim:
To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Hindi translation of the HEXACO PI-R.

Materials and Methods:
We followed WHO guidelines for the translation and adaptation of instruments. In forward translation, the scale was translated to Hindi independently by two independent bi-lingual authors. Both versions were reviewed, and a common Hindi version was made. Then, in the second step, an expert panel was formed comprising psychologists, authors, and senior psychiatrists. All the shortcomings were addressed, which resulted in a final Hindi version of the scale. Subsequently, a Hindi Professor, who had no background knowledge of the scale, was consulted to check the Grammar and meaning of the scale. Finally, an independent English Professor with no background knowledge of this scale was consulted to translate the Hindi version to English back. A small pilot study was conducted and a resultant Hindi version of the self-report HEXACO was applied to 10 patients to see the shortcomings, which resulted in the final Hindi version. By convenience sampling 300 volunteers, conversant in both the English and Hindi languages were included. The subjects were initially administered alternately the original English version or the Hindi version of the scale. Then after a gap of 14 days, those who initially received the English version filled up the Hindi translation, while those who received the Hindi version initially filled up the English version of the scale.

Results:
The scores on the original English scale and the Hindi versions were significantly positively correlated (Spearman’s rho 0.900; P < 0.001). The translated scale showed a high degree of internal consistency and acceptable reliability. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation yielded 6 factors, which were found to have a further 24 facets. The fitness of the model for the overall scale and its sub-factors was found to be acceptable. Results of the Rasch analysis showed the scale had good infit and outfit values. The person’s reliability was good. The Wright map showed a good distribution of the items.

Conclusion:
The Hindi translation of the HEXACO PI-R is a valid and reliable tool to gauge the personality dimensions of the Hindi-speaking population of India.
Knowledge, behavior, and effect of health messaging during the first Indian lockdown for COVID-19
Authors: Sahu Sushree , Bhatia Triptish , Beniwal Ram Pratap , Sreedaran Priya , Jones Jacquelynn , Wood Joel , Hawk Mary , Yadav Ashok , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. , Deshpande Smita N. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, affecting certain health measures. Precautionary hygiene measures of hand washing, mask-wearing, and social distancing were advocated and disseminated to the public through different government machinery.

Aim:
The current study explored if government messaging had an impact on the knowledge of COVID-19 and the necessary precautionary behaviors in three groups: persons with past suicide attempts (PSA), persons with schizophrenia (SZ), and the general population during the first lockdown (March to May 2020).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional 22-item questionnaire was designed to assess “precautionary knowledge,” “precautionary behaviors,” “living circumstances,” and “tobacco and alcohol consumption” before and during the first Indian lockdown. PSA and SZ were contacted telephonically, while for the general population, the survey was adapted into Google Forms and circulated as a WhatsApp link. Inclusion criteria were both genders, 18-65 years, and Indians residing in India.

Results:
No differences among PSA, SZ, and the general population were reported in the knowledge for the lockdown and behavior for “hand washing,” “mask-wearing,” and “frequency of going outdoors.” Almost 15% of the general population moved back home during the lockdown. A significantly higher frequency of alcohol consumption was reported by the general population both before and during the lockdown compared with PSA and SZ.

Conclusion:
Appropriate COVID-19 knowledge and behavior were seen in PSA, SZ, and the general population. Thus, government-mandated behaviors for COVID-19 were adhered to by all three groups. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the government’s health messaging among people with severe mental illnesses in times of a novel worldwide health crisis.
What do the blind feel? Psychological distress and satisfaction with life of blind persons: A community-based study
Authors: Gogate Parikshit , Phadke Supriya , Samudra Madhura , Chaudhury Suprakash , Gogate Siddharth , Shitole Apoorva , Magdum Renu , Radhakrishnan O.K. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Progressive loss of visual acuteness is known to be associated with anxiety, insecurity, loss of independence, and altered social functioning, which may lead to low mood and subsequently depression. Emotionally adjusting to vision loss can dramatically change one’s independence. Reduced workplace productivity in adults with visual impairment is associated with lower rates of workforce participation and increased rates of anxiety and depression. Most studies for psychological comorbidities in the legally blind population are conducted in individuals who present to the psychiatry or psychology department/clinics or to facilities for blindness certification. Due to the paucity of community-based data in the Indian scenario, the current study was undertaken.

Aim:
To evaluate the psychological distress and satisfaction with life of people who were diagnosed as blind in the community.

Materials and Methods:
The sample was based on the identification of blind persons in a door-to-door screening for eye and vision problems in 44535 individuals conducted in 2015–16 in the middle to lower socioeconomic populations in the suburban area of Yerawada, Maharashtra. Those who were suspected of having low vision underwent a detailed clinical examination including visual acuity estimation, portable slit lamp examination, I-Kare tonometry, and fundoscopy, conducted by an ophthalmologist to assess and verify the lack of vision. Subsequently, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were also applied upon revisiting the participants in 2020–2021.

Results:
The majority of participants were middle-aged or elderly and no significant gender variation was noted in terms of blindness. Maximum psychological disability was seen after 6 to 15 years after the onset of blindness. More than 80% of the patients with complete blindness had some psychiatric comorbidity or distress and more than half reported that their daily activities were affected due to their diagnosis. Blind persons had significantly higher scores on the GHQ-12 and significantly lower scores on SWLS. Complete blindness was positively correlated with GHQ-12 scores and negatively correlated with SWLS scores and the age of the subject.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that psychological distress and low levels of satisfaction with life are common among the severely visually impaired and blind. There is a dire need to improve access to rehabilitation services and psychological support for the blind and their caregivers.
Depression anxiety stress and fear of COVID-19 among adolescent students and its relationship with possible predictors
Authors: Garg Anusha S. , Tiwari Deepak S. , Shah Viral R. , Patel Niraj P. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
During the COVID-19 pandemic prolonged lockdowns, school closures requiring online education support, and uncertainty about examinations caused stress in students.

Aim:
To estimate the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and fear of COVID-19 in adolescent students of Jamnagar and its relationship with possible predictors.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study using a proportionate probability sampling method during the third wave of COVID-19 of 4423 adolescent students of Jamnagar, Gujarat. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) measured the main construct. T-tests for two independent samples and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship.

Results:
Among the adolescent students, 14.81% had moderate fear, while severe fear was found in 3.37%. Moderate or severe depression was observed in 1.31% and 0.16% of students, respectively; severe and extremely severe anxiety was present in 0.65% and 0.11% of students; and stress was found to be moderate in 0.23%. Depression was associated with education, anxiety with education, gender, and a history of COVID-19 in the family and stress with a history of COVID-19 infection in the family and fear of COVID-19 with gender, standard of class, geographical area, socioeconomic class, and father’s education.

Conclusion:
In our study, the students having a higher fear of COVID-19 were found to have higher depression, anxiety, and stress. The factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact can be used to formulate the interventions needed for the betterment of adolescent mental health.
Depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia among foreign medical graduates appearing for foreign medical graduate’s examination in India: A cross sectional study
Authors: Pillarisetti Pragnya , Dikkala Vishnu Priya , Murthy P. S. , Chaudhury Suprakash 
Published: August 2024

Background:
As a prerequisite to start a medical practice in India, Foreign Medical graduates on returning have to sit for FMGE (Foreign Medical Graduate’s Exam), organized by NBE. The time and effort involved by the students with adjustments to various changes in educational and examination pattern may manifest as psychiatric morbidities while awaiting a positive outcome.

Aim:
To evaluate depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia in Foreign Medical Graduate students and to understand the various factors associated with them.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 MBBS students appearing for FMGE were enrolled during the period of April 2023 to May 2023, after obtaining their written consent on the Google form to participate in this study. The participants answered a semi-structured proforma consisting of information about sociodemographic data, DASS-21 (depression, anxiety, and stress severity scale), ISI scale (insomnia severity index), and RSES (Rosenberg self-esteem scale).

Results:
In this study, 76.2%, 80%, 72.5%, and 78.8% of students were found to be suffering from depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia, respectively. A significant statistical correlation was found between anxiety and the students appearing for July FMGE 2023. Stress and depression were associated with insecurities/comparisons faced by the participants due to peers clearing the examination before them. Low self-esteem was associated with 3 or more failed attempts for FMGE and the presence of other stressors preceding/concurrent while preparing for FMGE. Clinical insomnia was found to be statistically significant with depression, anxiety as well as stress in this study. Multiple regression analysis showed that stress and anxiety predicted depression while the young age of the student, low socioeconomic status, low self-esteem, stress, and depression predicted anxiety. Stress was found to be associated with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Insomnia was corelated with having extension in the UG course and stress while low self-esteem was corelated with students who were attempting for the July 2023 examination and anxiety.

Conclusion:
The significantly high proportion of psychiatric morbidities among Foreign Medical Graduates is suggestive of the need for the necessary psychological aid and counseling as these foreign medical graduates can be viewed as an opportunity to correct India’s physician shortage.