bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of Boron‐Based Nano‐B/NiO Thermite
Authors: Liu Ting , Chen Xin , Xu Huixiang , Han Aijun , Ye Mingquan , Pan Gongpei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBoron particles have several major burning problems, such as incomplete combustion, poor ignitability, and a complex burning process in solid propellants. It is documented that the low ignitability and combustion efficiency of boron are caused by the oxidation of its surface. In order to improve the combustion efficiency of boron particles, a precipitation method was employed to prepare nanometer‐sized NiO and coat it on boron particles. The morphology and coating results of the B/NiO nanocomposite thermite were characterized using different approaches such as SEM, X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and EDS. The results indicated that the boron particles were well distributed and coated completely by nanocomposite NiO. The B/NiO nanocomposite thermite reaction process was tested by TG‐DTA. The results showed that the reaction temperature of B/NiO particles is about 30 °C lower than that of boron particles. The B/NiO thermite and boron powder were added to Mg/PTFE propellant to be measured for their respective combustion performance. The results showed that the burning rate of the B/NiO‐Mg/PTFE propellant increased by 22.8–25.2 %, mass burning rate by 26.7–30.8 %, and combustion temperature increased by 8–56 °C compared to the B‐Mg/PTFE propellant. The above results indicate that NiO coating of boron particles has a significant effect on the combustion behavior and increases the combustion performance of the propellant compared with uncoated particles.
Thermal recovery process of electron irradiated Si1‐xCx source/drain n‐MOSFETs
Authors: Takakura Kenichiro , Hori Masato , Yoneoka Masashi , Tsunoda Isao , Nakashima Toshiyuki , Simoen Eddy , Claeys Cor 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, the performance degradation by electron irradiation and the thermal recovery process of Si0.99C0.01 source/drain (S/D) n‐MOSFETs are reported. The electron mobility is 15% enhanced by 1%‐C doping in the S/D stressor region. The electron mobility is degraded by 2‐MeV electron irradiation, but the relative change was the same irrespective of C doping and electron fluence. This fact indicates that tensile‐strain relaxation by displacement damage in the Si:C stressors is not significantly impacting the mobility degradation by electron irradiation. Evidence is given that increased scattering in the channel is the main cause of mobility degradation by 2‐MeV electron irradiation. In addition, it is shown that for a fluence of 5x1017 e/cm2, the electrical performance is recovered by thermal annealing. After 323 K for 15 min annealing, the mobility amounts to 95% of the pre‐irradiation value. In the case of Si0.7Ge0.3 S/D p‐MOSFETs, it has been shown before that the device performance is recovered to the same degree for the same irradiation/thermal annealing conditions of this study. CMOS circuits are fabricated by a combination of n‐MOSFETs and p‐MOSFETs, therefore, it can be confirmed that strained CMOS devices using Si:C S/D n‐MOSFETs and SiGe S/D p‐MOSFETs, respectively, can operate in the radiation environment studied here. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Communicating climate change: conduits, content, and consensus
Authors: Pearce Warren , Brown Brian , Nerlich Brigitte , Koteyko Nelya 
Published: September 2015

Climate change has been the subject of increasing efforts by scientists to understand its causes and implications; it has been of growing interest to policymakers, international bodies, and a variety of nongovernment organizations; and it has attracted varied amounts of attention from traditional and, increasingly, online media. These developments have been aligned with shifts in the nature of climate change communication, with changes in how researchers study it and how a variety of actors try to influence it. This article situates the theory and practice of climate change communication within developments that have taken place since we first reviewed the field in 2009. These include the rise of new social media conduits for communication, research, and practice aimed at fine tuning communication content, and the rise to prominence of scientific consensus as part of that content. We focus in particular on continuing tensions between a focus on the part of communicators to inform the public and more dialogic strategies of public engagement. We also consider the tension between efforts to promote consensus and certainty in climate science and approaches that attempt to engage with uncertainty more fully. We explore the lessons to be learnt from climate communication since 2009, highlighting how the field remains haunted by the deficit model of science communication. Finally, we point to more fruitful future directions for climate change communication, including more participatory models that acknowledge, rather than ignore, residual uncertainties in climate science in order to stimulate debate and deliberation. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:613–626. doi: 10.1002/wcc.366This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Bayesian Vertex Nomination Using Content and Context
Authors: Suwan Shakira , Lee Dominic S. , Priebe Carey E. 
Published: September 2015

Using attributed graphs to model network data has become an attractive approach for various graph inference tasks. Consider a network containing a small subset of interesting entities whose identities are not fully known and that discovering them will be of some significance. Vertex nomination, a subclass of recommender systems relying on the exploitation of attributed graphs, is a task which seeks to identify the unknown entities that are similarly interesting or exhibit analogous latent attributes. This task is a specific type of community detection and is increasingly becoming a subject of current research in many disciplines. Recent studies have shown that information relevant to this task is contained in both the structure of the network and its attributes, and that jointly exploiting them can provide superior vertex nomination performance than either one used alone. We adopt this new approach to formulate a Bayesian model for the vertex nomination problem. Specifically, the goal here is to construct a ‘nomination list’ where entities that are truly interesting are concentrated at the top of the list. Inference with the model is conducted using a Metropolis‐within‐Gibbs algorithm. Performance of the model is illustrated by a Monte Carlo simulation study and on the well‐known Enron email dataset. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:400–416. doi: 10.1002/wics.1365This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Streptomyces metabolites in divergent microbial interactions
Authors: Takano Hideaki , Nishiyama Tatsuya , Amano Sho-ichi , Beppu Teruhiko , Kobayashi Michihiko , Ueda Kenji 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Streptomyces and related bacteria produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites. Of these, many compounds have industrial applications, but the question of why this group of microorganism produces such various kinds of biologically active substances has not yet been clearly answered. Here, we overview the results from our studies on the novel function and role of Streptomyces metabolites. The diverged action of negative and positive influences onto the physiology of various microorganisms infers the occurrence of complex microbial interactions due to the effect of small molecules produced by Streptomyces. The interactions may serve as a basis for the constitution of biological community.
A Research Framework for Understanding the Practical Impact of Family Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System: The Juvenile Justice Family Involvement Model
Authors: Walker Sarah Cusworth , S. Bishop Asia , D. Pullmann Michael , Bauer Grace 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFamily involvement is recognized as a critical element of service planning for children’s mental health, welfare and education. For the juvenile justice system, however, parents’ roles in this system are complex due to youths’ legal rights, public safety, a process which can legally position parents as plaintiffs, and a historical legacy of blaming parents for youth indiscretions. Three recent national surveys of juvenile justice‐involved parents reveal that the current paradigm elicits feelings of stress, shame and distrust among parents and is likely leading to worse outcomes for youth, families and communities. While research on the impact of family involvement in the justice system is starting to emerge, the field currently has no organizing framework to guide a research agenda, interpret outcomes or translate findings for practitioners. We propose a research framework for family involvement that is informed by a comprehensive review and content analysis of current, published arguments for family involvement in juvenile justice along with a synthesis of family involvement efforts in other child‐serving systems. In this model, family involvement is presented as an ascending, ordinal concept beginning with (1) exclusion, and moving toward climates characterized by (2) information‐giving, (3) information‐eliciting and (4) full, decision‐making partnerships. Specific examples of how courts and facilities might align with these levels are described. Further, the model makes predictions for how involvement will impact outcomes at multiple levels with applications for other child‐serving systems.
Exploitation of the invasive Acacia pycnantha pollen and nectar resources by the native bee Apis mellifera
Authors: Giovanetti Manuela , Mariotti Lippi Marta , Foggi Bruno , Giuliani Claudia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe importance of broad ecological perspectives has been well recognised with regard to the spread of alien species. However, less attention has been paid to single plant‐animal relationships such as the mechanism through which interactions with pollinators take place, which is responsible for the evolution of new mutualistic relationships and the outcome of sexual reproduction and distribution of plants. Because the majority of plant‐pollinator relationships are based on food collection by pollinators, we investigated the extent of exploitation of Acacia pycnantha by Apis mellifera. A. pycnantha is native to Australia, but is invasive in many Mediterranean countries, including Italy. We investigated whether visits by the native pollinator A. mellifera to a non‐native food source (A. pycnantha) were occasional, or dictated by a precise pattern matching resource availability. Showing that a native pollinator's foraging strategy has readily adapted to a potential resource offered by an invasive plant allows us to understand better the mechanisms promoting invasiveness of alien angiosperms. We collected data on pollen and nectar characteristics and variation in their availability, and conducted behavioural observations of foraging honey bees. Acacia pycnantha flower heads and extrafloral nectaries are sources of food actively selected by honey bees, which display behaviours strongly associated with resource availability. Our results showed clear evidence of a strong invasive plant‐native pollinator relationship, enhancing the success of sexual reproduction of the alien species. Future studies may highlight to which extent this relationship has influenced the spread of this invasive plant.
Fractures of the knee in children—what can go wrong? A case file study of closed claims in the Patient Compensation Association covering 16 years
Authors: Leeberg V. , Sonne-Holm S. , Krogh Christoffersen J. , Wong C. 
Published: September 2015

Introduction Intra-articular knee fractures in children are rare. The Patient Compensation Association (PCA) receives claims for financial compensation from patients who believe they have sustained damage from their treatment in the health care system. We used relevant cases of closed claims to identify causality and co-factors contributing to these apparent malpractices. Materials and methods A partial root core analysis was performed on closed claims from the PCA database concerning proximal tibial fractures in children aged ≤15 years. Results We identified 13 cases. The main complaint was missed diagnosis (6 cases)—fractures of the tibial eminence were the main culprit, with damage to the popliteal artery caused by a medial condyle fracture being the most serious. All cases were missed by junior doctors. Secondary complaints were problems with casting, dissatisfaction with correct treatment, and insufficient surgery or complications relating to surgery. Eight of the complaints were acknowledged, with six receiving financial compensation ranging from EUR 9,600 to EUR 70,000. Five out of the six cases of missed diagnosis were acknowledged. Conclusions This study indicates that recognizing the degree of injury to the knee in children, which should include an X-ray examination, is key to preventing missed diagnosis and delayed and potentially more difficult surgery with long-lasting sequelae for the child. The PCA database seems to be a useful way to highlight systematic problems in the Danish health care system and could potentially be an important means to improving patient safety and preventing treatment-related injuries.
The response of tropical rainforests to drought—lessons from recent research and future prospects
Authors: Bonal Damien , Burban Benoit , Stahl Clément , Wagner Fabien , Hérault Bruno 
Published: September 2015

AbstractKey messageWe review the recent findings on the influence of drought on tree mortality, growth or ecosystem functioning in tropical rainforests. Drought plays a major role in shaping tropical rainforests and the response mechanisms are highly diverse and complex. The numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical rainforests on the three continents. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance.ContextTropical rainforest ecosystems are characterized by high annual rainfall. Nevertheless, rainfall regularly fluctuates during the year and seasonal soil droughts do occur. Over the past decades, a number of extreme droughts have hit tropical rainforests, not only in Amazonia but also in Asia and Africa. The influence of drought events on tree mortality and growth or on ecosystem functioning (carbon and water fluxes) in tropical rainforest ecosystems has been studied intensively, but the response mechanisms are complex.AimsHerein, we review the recent findings related to the response of tropical forest ecosystems to seasonal and extreme droughts and the current knowledge about the future of these ecosystems.ResultsThis review emphasizes the progress made over recent years and the importance of the studies conducted under extreme drought conditions or in through-fall exclusion experiments in understanding the response of these ecosystems. It also points to the great diversity and complexity of the response of tropical rainforest ecosystems to drought.ConclusionThe numerous gaps identified here require the international scientific community to combine efforts in order to conduct comprehensive studies in tropical forest regions. These results are essential to simulate the future of these ecosystems under diverse climate scenarios and to predict the future of the global earth carbon balance.
The Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm as a Sensory Learning Process in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Lev-Ari L. , Hirschmann S. , Dyskin O. , Goldman O. , Hirschmann I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjective:The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) has previously been used to depict the hierarchy between visual, tactile and perceptual stimuli. Studies on schizophrenia inpatients (SZs) have found mixed results in the ability to first learn the illusion, and have yet to explain the learning process involved. This study's aim was two-fold: to examine the learning process of the RHI in SZs and healthy controls over time, and to better understand the relationship between psychotic symptoms and the RHI.Method:Thirty schizophrenia inpatients and 30 healthy controls underwent five different trials of the RHI over a two-week period.Results:As has been found in previous studies, SZs felt the initial illusion faster than healthy controls did, but their learning process throughout the trials was inconsistent. Furthermore, for SZs, no correlations between psychotic symptoms and the learning of the illusion emerged.Conclusion:Healthy individuals show a delayed reaction to first feeling the illusion (due to latent inhibition), but easily learn the illusion over time. For SZs, both strength of the illusion and the ability to learn the illusion over time are inconsistent. The cognitive impairment in SZ impedes the learning process of the RHI, and SZs are unable to utilize the repetition of the process as healthy individuals can.
Effect of DISC1 Polymorphisms on the Long-term Course of Neurocognitive Deficits in Non-affective Psychosis
Authors: Vázquez-Bourgon J. , Ayesa-Arriola R. , Fatjó-Vilas M. , Roiz-Santiañez R. , Fañanás L. , Crespo-Facorro B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNeurocognitive deficits are core symptoms of schizophrenia that determine a poorer outcome. High variability in the progression of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia has been described. It is still unknown whether genetic variations can affect the course of cognitive deficits. Variations in the Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene have previously been associated with neurocognitive deficits. This study investigated the association between 3 DISC1 polymorphisms (rs6675281 (Leu607Phe), rs1000731, and rs821616 (Ser704Cys)) and long-term (3 years) cognitive performance. One-hundred-thirty-three Caucasian drug-naive patients experiencing a first episode of non-affective psychosis were genotyped. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and after 3 years of initiating treatment. Other clinical and socio-demographic variables were recorded to eliminate potential confounding effects. Patients carrying the A allele of rs1000731 exhibited a significant improvement in Working Memory and Attention domains, and the homozygosity of the A allele of rs821616 showed a significant improvement in Motor Dexterity performance over 3 years of follow-up. In conclusion, DISC1 gene variations may affect the course of cognitive deficits found in patients suffering from the first episode of non-affective psychosis.
Factor Structure of the Bern Psychopathology Scale in a Sample of Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Lang Fabian U. , Stierlin Annabel S. , Stegmayer Katharina , Walther Sebastian , Becker Thomas , Jäger Markus 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground:The Bern Psychopathology Scale (BPS) is based on a system-specific approach to classifying the psychopathological symptom pattern of schizophrenia. It consists of subscales for three domains (language, affect and motor behaviour) that are hypothesized to be related to specific brain circuits. The aim of the study was to examine the factor structure of the BPS in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Methods:One hundred and forty-nine inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited at the Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Germany (n = 100) and at the University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland (n = 49). Psychopathology was assessed with the BPS. The VARCLUS procedure of SAS® (a type of oblique component analysis) was used for statistical analysis.Results:Six clusters were identified (inhibited language, inhibited motor behaviour, inhibited affect, disinhibited affect, disinhibited language/motor behaviour, inhibited language/motor behaviour) which explained 40.13% of the total variance of the data. A binary division of attributes into an inhibited and disinhibited cluster was appropriate, although an overlap was found between the language and motor behaviour domains. There was a clear distinction between qualitative and quantitative symptoms.Conclusions:The results argue for the validity of the BPS in identifying subsyndromes of schizophrenia spectrum disorders according to a dimensional approach. Future research should address the longitudinal assessment of dimensional psychopathological symptoms and elucidate the underlying neurobiological processes.
Preparing an Academic Medical Center to Manage Patients Infected With Ebola: Experiences of a University Hospital
Authors: Schultz Carl H. , Koenig Kristi L. , Alassaf Wajdan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs Ebola has spread beyond West Africa, the challenges confronting health care systems with no experience in managing such patients are enormous. Not only is Ebola a significant threat to a population’s health, it can infect the medical personnel trying to treat it. As such, it represents a major challenge to those in public health, emergency medical services (EMS), and acute care hospitals. Our academic medical center volunteered to become an Ebola Treatment Center as part of the US effort to manage the threat. We developed detailed policies and procedures for Ebola patient management at our university hospital. Both the EMS system and county public health made significant contributions during the development process. This article shares information about this process and the outcomes to inform other institutions facing similar challenges of preparing for an emerging threat with limited resources. The discussion includes information about management of (1) patients who arrive by ambulance with prior notification, (2) spontaneous walk-in patients, and (3) patients with confirmed Ebola who are interfacility transfers. Hospital management includes information about Ebola screening procedures, personal protective equipment selection and personnel training, erection of a tent outside the main facility, establishing an Ebola treatment unit inside the facility, and infectious waste and equipment management. Finally, several health policy considerations are presented. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:558–567)
The reception of Hermann of Reichenau at St Michelsberg: some observations on fragments of interval notation
Authors: WENDLING MIRIAM 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe bindings of a large number of manuscripts formerly held in the library of the Benedictine monastery of St Michelsberg in Bamberg preserve fragments of medieval chantbooks documenting a culture in which practical singing and music theory were closely intertwined. These remnants, the work of generations of scribes, reveal a sustained concern for correctness ranging from the use of pitch-clarifying neume notations, to the use of letters, to the recording of melodies along lines prescribed in theoretical works. The influence the music theorist Hermann of Reichenau on St Michelsberg's own theorist, Frutolf, raises two questions. First, what is the nature of the relationship between practical chant and music theory books at St Michelsberg? Second, how was Hermann's notation used at the monastery?