bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of tocilizumab treatment on the severity of inflammation and survival rates in sepsis is significantly influence by the timing of administration
Authors: Tavaci Taha , Halici Zekai , Cadirci Elif , Ozkaraca Mustafa , Kasali Kamber 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Due to the high mortality rates and treatment costs associated with sepsis, research is focusing on innovative treatment strategies to replace one dimensional approaches. Recent studies are being conducted on the use of immunotherapeutics in sepsis and the impact of treatment timing. This study aimed to elucidate the significance of treatment timing in sepsis immunotherapy with Tocilizumab (TCZ) and the implications of differences in treatment timing.

Methods
LPS-induced sepsis model was established in rats to assess the changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) over a 24-h sepsis period and its correlation with lung and kidney injury. The impact of TCZ treatments at various time points was evaluated by molecular and histopathological methods. The effect of TCZ treatment timing on survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.

Results
IL-6 reached peak concentrations in the early stages of sepsis, whereas lung damage peaked subsequent to the IL-6 peak, and kidney damage manifested considerably later. The early treatment group, receiving intervention one hour post-sepsis induction, exhibited the most favorable molecular and histopathological outcomes. Conversely, the group receiving the latest treatment, at sixteen hours post-sepsis induction, demonstrated the poorest results. Survival analysis indicated that the group treated at the tenth hour exhibited the highest survival rate.

Conclusion
Variations in the timing of sepsis treatment with TCZ yield significantly different molecular outcomes, histopathological results, and survival rates. A thorough investigation of the timing of immunotherapeutic applications in sepsis treatment will enhance the efficiency of sepsis treatments.
Splittings of toric ideals of graphs
Authors: Katsabekis Anargyros , Thoma Apostolos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let G be a simple graph on the vertex set

$$\{v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n}\}$$

{

v
1

,
…
,

v
n

}

. An algebraic object attached to G is the toric ideal

$$I_G$$

I
G

. We say that

$$I_G$$

I
G

is subgraph splittable if there exist subgraphs

$$G_1$$

G
1

and

$$G_2$$

G
2

of G such that

$$I_G=I_{G_1}+I_{G_2}$$

I
G

=

I

G
1

+

I

G
2

, where both

$$I_{G_1}$$

I

G
1

and

$$I_{G_2}$$

I

G
2

are not equal to

$$I_G$$

I
G

. We show that

$$I_G$$

I
G

is subgraph splittable if and only if it is edge splittable. We also prove that the toric ideal of a complete bipartite graph is not subgraph splittable. In contrast, we show that the toric ideal of a complete graph

$$K_n$$

K
n

is always subgraph splittable when

$$n \ge 4$$

n
≥
4

. Additionally, we show that the toric ideal of

$$K_n$$

K
n

has a minimal splitting if and only if

$$4 \le n \le 5$$

4
≤
n
≤
5

. Finally, we prove that any minimal splitting of

$$I_G$$

I
G

is also a reduced splitting.
Archaeological and Experimental Lithic Microwear Classification Through 2D Textural Analysis and Machine Learning
Authors: Sferrazza Paolo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper focuses on introducing 2D texture analysis as a quantitative method for functional analysis in archaeology. The paper aims to demonstrate the validity of this method for quantifying use-wear analysis and to evaluate different processing, extraction, and classification techniques. The method presented relies on five techniques of quantitative feature extraction from photographic images and nine classification techniques through machine learning algorithms. After creating a training dataset with experimental traces, machine learning models were validated through experimental and archaeological image classification. The best result achieved a classification accuracy of 80%, suggesting convolutional neural network and grey level co-occurence matrix as the best quantification options and neural networks as the best classification algorithm. The paper proposes to use the method as a fundamental tool in functional analysis to remove subjectivity criteria from traditional analysis and to address issues related to the credibility of the discipline, calibration, standardisation, and reproducibility of methods and results.
Plant–soil feedbacks in mixed pine-oak Mediterranean forests under drought conditions
Authors: Štraus Dora , Caballol Maria , Juhanson Jaanis , Redondo Miguel Ángel , Bonet José Antonio , Pemán Jesús , Clemmensen Karina , Hallin Sara , Oliva Jonàs 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and aims
Pine-oak mixed forests are characteristic of the Mediterranean landscape. Understanding which types of plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) operate in these communities and how such PSFs could be altered by severe summer droughts is needed in the face of current climate change.

Methods
We conducted a fully reciprocal PSF experiment using eight Mediterranean pine and oak species. Seedlings were grown under controlled conditions in substrate containing sterilised soil and a small amount of soil collected under congeneric or heterogeneric mature trees. Half of the seedlings were subjected to a severe drought during the second growing season.

Results
Differences in plant biomass and responses to drought were linked to fungal communities in the rhizosphere. Negative PSFs were detected amongst pines and oaks. Pine and oak seedlings grew better in heterogeneric soil than in congeneric soil. Fitness differences correlated with a higher relative abundance of growth-promoting ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in heterogeneric soils. Under severe drought, no differences in seedling biomass, seedling survival or stomatal conductance were observed between seedlings growing in heterogeneric or congeneric soil.

Conclusion
Seedlings grew better in heterogeneric soils which suggests that Mediterranean pine-oak mixtures could be maintained by negative PSFs. Severe drought could decrease the strength of the negative PSFs, implying that tree diversity in Mediterranean forests could decline in a drier climate.
From Losers’ Consent to Winners’ Restraint: Citizens Reactions to Accumulating Democratic Violations
Authors: Werner Hannah , Bertsou Eri , Marien Sofie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While ‘losers’ consent’ has long been recognized as crucial for democratic stability, recent concerns over elite manipulation of democratic processes highlight the need to shift focus to the responsibility of political winners. We argue that ‘winners’ restraint’ is equally indispensable, even in well-established democracies. Our study investigates the presence and boundaries of winners’ restraint, particularly in the realm of policy decisions. Through a survey and two experiments conducted in the UK, we examine the extent to which respondents tolerate accumulating procedural violations before dissenting. Our findings reveal that while citizens may initially overlook undemocratic behavior that aligns with their policy preferences, there are inherent limits to this tolerance. For a majority of respondents, winners’ restraint can be activated as violations accumulate, resulting in a withdrawal of perceived legitimacy. This underscores the critical role of winners in upholding democratic principles and resisting erosion of democratic norms.
The Insurance Value of Abortion and Support for Reproductive Rights
Authors: Hernandez Natalie , Trubowitz Alexander , Zacher Sam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Existing scholarship holds that Americans’ views on abortion policy are determined by their moral and religious beliefs. In this article, we argue that these beliefs are only part of the story. We propose that some Americans support pro-choice policies even if they have moral qualms about abortion because they are afraid of an unplanned transition to parenthood. Accessible abortion offers a kind of “insurance” against this risk. We expect individuals’ support for abortion rights to decline after they become parents, since abortion’s prospective insurance value declines after individuals have had their first child. Using panel survey data from the CCES, we find that the transition to parenthood makes Americans less supportive of abortion rights than they had been previously. This appears to be especially true of conservatives and practicing Christians, indicating that some members of these groups support abortion as a form of protection against unplanned parenthood until they experience life-cycle changes that reduce their personal interest in protecting reproductive rights. We conduct a variety of robustness tests to rule out alternative mechanisms that might link parenthood to a conservative shift in abortion policy preferences, bolstering confidence in the insurance mechanism proposed here.
Removal of aluminum content of concentrated salt solutions by precipitation, coagulation and sedimentation
Authors: Csorba Benjámin , Farkas László , Csécsi Marcell , Hórvölgyi Zoltán , Szabó Tamás , Madarász János , Mihalkó Andrea , Keresztes Zsófia , Boros Renáta Zsanett , Gresits Iván László 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An efficient approach for aluminum removal was developed to produce high-purity brine feed for membrane cell electrolysis, the best available technique for chlorine production. The removal of aluminum from saturated (25 wt%) brine represented a knowledge gap. The pH dependence of precipitation and sedimentation steps was investigated. The Al-content could be reduced from 1.2 to 0.2 ppm at pH 11, meeting industrial requirements. A key factor supporting Al-removal is the presence of Ca and Mg contaminants in the mine brine. This effect was observed in the presence of at least 5 ppm magnesium and/or 150 ppm calcium. No reduction in aluminum content was observed in the absence of these alkaline earths. However, in model experiments at pH 11 and 60 °C, the aluminum content decreased to 0.21 ppm in the presence of 300 ppm calcium, 0.41 ppm in the presence of 20 ppm magnesium, and 0.07 ppm in the presence of both alkaline earths. Moreover, the presence of calcium and magnesium reduced the solubility of the resulting precipitate in acidic brines. Dynamic light scattering and photometric methods confirmed the precipitation and aggregation processes. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of the precipitates further confirmed the phenomenon of co-precipitation, identifying the products as special Al–Ca and Al–Mg compounds. Zeta potential measurements showed that the charge of the microphases in the dense electrolyte solutions was almost completely shielded. The polyacrylamide flocculant even at a concentration of 0.1 ppm significantly accelerated the removal process. The aluminum content of the supernatant was reduced to 0.3 ppm in 10 min with 2 ppm flocculant, whereas 30 min were required in the absence of the flocculant.

Graphical abstract
Epidemiology of cancer in older adults: a systematic review of age-related differences in solid malignancies treatment
Authors: Bastiaannet Esther , Pilleron Sophie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of review
We examined the latest epidemiological research on age-related differences in cancer treatment and selected outcomes, among patients with cancer aged 60 and above in comparison to younger patients.

Recent findings
Colorectal, pancreatic and lung cancers were studied most often. Most studies were conducted in Europe or the United States of America (USA) within single centers. For unselected patients, older patients receive less treatment, and their survival, regardless of the metric used (cancer-specific survival or overall survival), was poorer than that of middle-aged patients. Age-related differences in treatment and outcomes were more pronounced in patients aged over 80 years. However, among patients selected for treatment, complications, adverse events rates and survival probabilities were comparable between older and younger patients. Treatment differences, especially the omission of therapy, were often smaller for good prognosis cancer types.

Summary
The likelihood of receiving treatment decreased as age increases, regardless of the cancer types, treatment, countries and setting. More research on treatment in older patients with cancer, especially the frailest and the oldest, is urgently needed as there is still a lack of data to tailor treatment.
The Impact of Radiation Proctopathy on Secondary-Primary Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ahmad Akram I. , Ansari Zaid , Jamal Al-Din Tasneem , Channagiri Ritu , Khan Osama Sherjeel , Castro Fernando J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
We designed this study to evaluate the relationship between radiation proctopathy (RP) and the risk of colon and rectal cancer in prostate cancer patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating patients with prostate cancer who received pelvic radiation therapy between January 2004 and January 2024. The study aims to compare the incidence of post-radiation rectal and colon cancer between patients who developed RP and patients who did not. We excluded patients with a previous history of colon cancer, colectomy, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Results
In total, 12,629 met the inclusion criteria, 533 patients were diagnosed with RP, and 12,096 were without. We observed a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (3.75% vs. 0.63%), colon cancer (2.06% vs 0.40%), and rectal cancer (1.69% vs 0.23%) in patients with RP compared to those without PR (p < 0.001) during the follow-up period of 81 months for the RP group and 68 months for the non-RP group. PR was associated with colon and rectal cancer with an HR of 4.43 (95% CI, 2.29–8.57; p < 0.0001) and 7.27 (95% CI, 3.43–15.43; p < 0.0001), respectively.

Conclusions
RP is an independent risk factor for developing rectal and colon cancer after pelvic radiation therapy in patients with prostate cancer.
Hybrid emotional neural networks and novel multi-model stacking algorithms for multi-lake water level fluctuation modeling
Authors: Gelete Gebre , Gichamo Tagesse , Abraham Tesfalem , Gokcekus Huseyin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lakes play a crucial role in the water cycle, and accurately modeling their water level fluctuation is vital for managing water resources, ecosystems, and flood control. The current study aims to develop a novel emotional artificial neural network optimized by genetic algorithm (GA-EANN), weighted average model stacking (WAE) and neural network-based stacking (NNE) that combines the outputs of emotional artificial neural network (EANN) and artificial neural network (ANN) for modeling the water level of four lakes of Rift Valley Lakes Basin (RVLB) in Ethiopia. Ten years of daily hydrological and weather data were used for model training and testing. The efficiencies of the employed algorithms were compared using graphical and statistical metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The modeling result demonstrated that the NNE method provided the best prediction accuracy at Hawassa Lake (RMSE = 0.056 m, NSE = 0.972 and R2 = 0.972), Langano Lake (RMSE = 0.059 m, NSE = 0.978 and R2 = 0.978) and Abiyata lake (RMSE = 0.052 m, NSE = 0.987and R2 = 0.987) in the testing set. At Ziway Lake, the hybrid GA-EANN model surpassed other models with R2 value of 0.976 in testing set. Generally, the NNE and optimized hybrid modeling (GA-EANN) significantly improved the performance of water level prediction.
The Role of Personality and Late-Life Categorical Spending Regret
Authors: Pearson Blain , Korankye Thomas , Asebedo Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the association between the big five “OCEAN” personality traits and late-life categorical spending regret. The categorical spending regrets examined are housing, food, clothing, appliances/furnishings, cars, leisure, child-related expenses, and providing financial help. Openness was associated negatively with spending regret on food. Conscientiousness was associated positively with spending regret on appliances/furnishings and cars. Extraversion was associated negatively with spending regret on food, cars, and providing financial help. Agreeableness was associated positively with spending regret on food, clothing, leisure, and providing financial help. The results for Neuroticism indicated no statistically significant association between the OCEAN personality traits and the categorical spending regrets tested. The findings provide insight into the psychological mechanisms underlying consumer spending regret and offer additional support for research on the psychological benefits of personality-matched spending.
The credibility transformer
Authors: Richman Ronald , Scognamiglio Salvatore , Wüthrich Mario V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Inspired by the large success of Transformers in Large Language Models, these architectures are increasingly applied to tabular data. This is achieved by embedding tabular data into low-dimensional Euclidean spaces resulting in similar structures as time-series data. We introduce a novel credibility mechanism to this Transformer architecture. This credibility mechanism is based on a special token that should be seen as an encoder that consists of a credibility weighted average of prior information and observation based information. We demonstrate that this novel credibility mechanism is very beneficial to stabilize training, and our Credibility Transformer leads to predictive models that are superior to state-of-the-art deep learning models.
A pilot evaluation of the efficacy and acceptability of a novel imaginal exposure prevention (I-ERP) group programme to treat core weight, shape and social fears or phobias in adolescents with anorexia nervosa in an inpatient setting
Authors: Smith Kelsie , Grant Jessica , Lacey J. Hubert 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Anxiety due to a phobia of normal body weight is a core feature and maintenance factor of anorexia nervosa (AN). This is the first study to explore the efficacy and acceptability of using a novel imaginal exposure response prevention group to target fears associated with being a normal body weight to reduce anxiety in adolescents with AN.

Methods
The lead author adapted an I-ERP manual used to treat AN in adults in 1–1 therapy. Content was adapted for an adolescent population, sessions reduced from 10 to 4 and was delivered in a group format with audio recordings to be more accessible for patients. Nineteen patients with AN completed the group and the group therapist collected outcome measures before and after the intervention. A paired samples t-test was used to assess change in eating disorder psychopathology (EDEQ), anxiety and depression (RCAD) and fear of food (FOFM). Qualitative feedback to assess acceptability was also gathered.

Results
Statistically significant reduction in anxiety in a variety of situations pertaining to weight and shape was found after completion of the group. There were no significant changes shown in eating disorder psychopathology. Adolescents provided qualitative feedback which suggested the intervention was acceptable for users.

Conclusions
I-ERP which has been adapted for adolescents with AN in a group format seems to improve eating disorder psychopathology and reduce weight, shape, social and separation anxiety and phobias when used as an adjuvant to inpatient treatment. Further controlled research is advised.

Level of evidence
Level III.
Synthesis and biological activity, photophysical, photochemical properties of tetra substituted magnesium phthalocyanine
Authors: Özdemir Sadin , Güngördü Solğun Derya , Giray Gülay , Ağırtaş Mehmet Salih 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The compound 4-(2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) thio) phenoxy) phthalonitrile was obtained from the reaction of 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophthalonitrile and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole. This compound was reacted with magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) to yield tetrakis-[(2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) thio) phenoxy) phthalocyaninato] magnesium II. New compounds were characterized by UV–vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and Mass spectra. Electronic spectra aggregation study of magnesium phthalocyanine compound in various concentrations and diverse solvents was performed. Photoluminescence spectra of magnesium phthalocyanine in different solvents were investigated. The biological activities of 3 and 4 compounds were investigated. The results showed that 4 had excellent antioxidant and antidiabetic activities as 75.71% and 81.83%, respectively. 3 and 4 had deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cleavage ability and 4 caused a double-strand fracture in plasmid DNA at 100 and 200 mg/L. Both compounds showed antimicrobial activity and also 4 was more effective against pathogenic microorganisms than 3. Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy of test compound was also more effective than without irradiation. The highest biofilm inhibition of 3 and 4 was 78.28% and 98.49% for S. aureus and also 73.95% and 91.13% for P. aeruginosa, respectively. Finally, both compounds demonstrated %100 microbial cell viability inhibition at 100 mg/L. Overall, the study suggests that both 3 and 4 have potential for further development as therapeutic agents.

Graphical Abstract
WOMEN AND THE EVERYDAY IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE
Authors: CAPP BERNARD 
Published: July 2002

Singlewomen in the European past, 1250–1800. Edited by Judith M. Bennett and Amy M. Froide. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania University Press, 1999. Pp. vi+352. ISBN 0-8122-1668-7.Renaissance culture and the everyday. Edited by Patricia Fumerton and Simon Hunt. Philadelphia: Penn State Press, 1999. Pp. vi+366. ISBN 0-8122-1663-6.The crimes of women in early modern Germany. By Ulinka Rublack. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999. Pp. ix+292. ISBN 0-19-820637-2.
INTERSECTING MEMORIES: WAR AND REMEMBRANCE IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY EUROPE
Authors: GOEBEL STEFAN 
Published: July 2002

The construction of memory in interwar France. By Daniel J. Sherman. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1999. Pp. 448. ISBN 0-226-75285-2. £31.50.Realms of memory: the construction of the French past, vol. II: Traditions. Under the direction of Pierre Nora, English-language edn ed. by Lawrence D. Kritzman, trans. by Arthur Goldhammer. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. Pp. xii+591. ISBN 0-231-10634-3. £29.95.Vectors of memory: legacies of trauma in postwar Europe. By Nancy Wood. Oxford and New York: Berg, 1999. Pp. 204. ISBN 1-85973-294-1. £14.99.