bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VEGF Levels in Plasma in Relation to Platelet Activation, Glycemic Control, and Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Schlingemann Reinier O. , Van Noorden Cornelis J.F. , Diekman Mattheus J.M. , Tiller Anna , Meijers Joost C.M. , Koolwijk Pieter , Wiersinga Wilmar M. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE
Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human plasma samples have suggested that circulating VEGF is a cause of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. However, artificial release of VEGF from platelets as a source of VEGF in plasma samples, as also occurs in serum samples, has not been ruled out in these studies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We determined VEGF levels in plasma collected in both citrate and PECT, a medium that inactivates platelets, in a cross-sectional cohort of 21 healthy subjects and 64 patients with type 1 diabetes. In addition, we evaluated whether VEGF levels in both types of plasma correlated with the presence of diabetes, glycemic control, markers of in vivo or ex vivo platelet activation, and degree of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.

RESULTS
VEGF levels were invariably low in PECT plasma of both nondiabetic and diabetic subjects and were unrelated to any other diabetes-related variable studied. In contrast, VEGF levels in citrate plasma were 150% higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects and correlated with diabetes-related variables. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that levels of platelet factor 4, a marker for ex vivo platelet activation, and HbA1c were the independent predictors of VEGF levels in citrate plasma. Platelet activation, in vivo and ex vivo, was similar in diabetic persons and control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Like serum, citrate plasma is not suitable for reliable measurements of circulating VEGF. The low levels of VEGF in vivo, as represented by measurements in PECT plasma in our study, do not support a role of circulating VEGF in endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Higher levels of VEGF in citrate plasma samples of diabetic persons do not represent the in vivo situation, but mainly originate from higher artificial ex vivo release from platelets correlating with the degree of glycemic control.
Wind-blown flux rates derived from drifts at arctic snow fences
Authors: Sturm Matthew , Stuefer Svetlana 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHistorically, there has been considerable interest in establishing the relationship between wind-blown snow flux (Q) and wind speed. By monitoring the drift growth at snow fences in Arctic Alaska during three winters, we computedQfor 36 distinct transport events. Each fence was instrumented with depth sounders to measure deposition rates. The majority of events (31) occurred between November and February, despite winter extending from October to June. On average, five substantial snow deposition events (SDEs) occurred at each fence per winter. The mean flux during SDEs was 0.16, 0.19 and 0.29 kg s−1m−1at Barrow, Imnavait Creek and Franklin Bluffs, respectively, the differences inQexplained by the different wind regimes at the three sites. To place these flux measurements in perspective, we reviewed all previous experimental values ofQ, with special attention to height and time over which the fluxes were measured. The new data help fill a range of wind speeds (12–18 m s−1) where prior results have been sparse. Combined, the full data define a diffuse cloud best represented by upper and lower bounding equationsQU= 1.3 × 10−3w2.5andQL= 3.3 × 10−9w6.5, wherewis wind speed (>5 m s−1). We suggest that these bounds, rather than a single equation, provide the best way to estimate snow fluxes.
The 'English Lowlands' and the North Sea Basin System: A History of Shared Risk
Authors: Bankoff Greg 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The history of much of England is written in water. Water has not only shaped England's prosperity and external relations but it has also been a significant factor in fashioning its internal fabric. In particular, large areas of the eastern coastline and its hinterland are close to or even below sea-level and represent an 'English Lowlands' comparable in many respects to the more aptly named region on the opposite mainland. Indeed, the Netherlands, the northwest coast of Germany and the western coast of Denmark form together with eastern England one vast North Sea Basin system continually shaped and reshaped by the processes of storm, flood and erosion. Over time, the people living along its shores have had to find ways of accommodating to this dynamic world and, in the process, have become equal partners in the construction of a very particular type of landscape of sea dykes, river embankments, drained marshes and reclaimed fields. In turn, the ceaseless activities required to maintain, repair and extend such works have given rise to their own variations of social cohesion, economic cooperation and political governance. A better appreciation of what this evolution in the past entails has important practical implications for understanding and improving flood management and land drainage in England and Wales today.
Pesticides and the British Environment: An Agricultural Perspective
Authors: Sheail John 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Pesticides formed an essential part of the post-war 'chemical revolution' in British farming. Advantage is taken of surviving files of the Ministry of Agriculture to extend what might otherwise be learned from the archives of the nature-conservation bodies in reconstructing historically the course and significance of moves to protect the environment from the side-effects of such pesticides. The files reveal how, from the very first reports of the unintended impacts upon horticultural crops, the manufacturers and users of such products were required to heed the consequences for other user-interests in the countryside. However circumstantial the environmental evidence might be, such impacts on game and wild-animal life warned of a potential risk of the more-persistent pesticide residues to human health itself.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mackenzie John M. , Hünniger Dominik , Rashkow Ezra , Hearn Robert Alexander , Morgan Ruth 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
James Beattie, Empire and Environmental Anxiety: Health, Science, Art and Conservation in South Asia and Australasia, 1800-1920 (John M. MacKenzie)
Karen Brown, Mad Dogs and Meerkats: A History of Resurgent Rabies in Southern Africa (Dominik Hünniger)
Deborah Sutton, Other Landscapes: Colonialism and the Predicament of Authority in Nineteenth Century South India (Ezra Rashkow)
Ian. D. Rotherham and Robert A. Lambert (eds.), Invasive and Introduced Plants and Animals: Human Perceptions, Attitudes and Approaches to Management (Robert Alexander Hearn)
SueEllen Campbell, with Alex Hunt, Richard Kerridge, Tom Lynch and Ellen Wohl, The Face of the Earth: Natural Landscapes, Science and Culture (Ruth Morgan)
Cost-related Medication Nonadherence in Older Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: HARROLD LESLIE R. , BRIESACHER BECKY A. , PETERSON DAN , BEARD ASHLEY , MADDEN JEANNE , ZHANG FANG , GURWITZ JERRY H. , SOUMERAI STEPHEN B. 
Published: January 2013

Objective.Economic access to costly medications including biologic agents can be challenging. Our objective was to examine whether patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at particular risk for cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN) and spending less on basic needs.Methods.We identified a nationally representative sample of older adults with RA (n = 1100) in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (2004–2008) and compared them to older adults with other morbidities categorized by chronic disease count: 0 (n = 5898), 1–2 (n = 30,538), and ≥ 3 (n = 34,837). We compared annual rates of self-reported CRN (skipping or reducing medication doses or not obtaining prescriptions because of cost) as well as spending less on basic needs to afford medications and tested for differences using survey-weighted logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics, health status, and prescription drug coverage.Results.In the RA sample, the unadjusted weighted prevalence of CRN ranged from 20.7% in 2004 to 18.4% in 2008 as compared to 18.5% and 11.9%, respectively, in patients with 3 or more non-RA conditions. In adjusted analyses, having RA was associated with a 3.5-fold increase in the risk of CRN (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.63–4.71) and almost a 2.5-fold risk of spending less on basic needs (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.78–3.25) as compared to those without a chronic condition.Conclusion.Patients with RA experience a high prevalence of CRN and forgoing of basic needs, more than do older adults with multiple other chronic conditions. The situation did not improve during a period of policy change aimed at alleviating high drug costs.
Les mobilisations provinciales réussies de compagnies secondes : les négociations des élections d'Auvergne et du Dauphiné avec la monarchie louis-quatorzienne
Authors: Meyzie Vincent 
Published: January 2013

L’article étudie les mobilisations provinciales réussies des élections d’Auvergne et du Dauphiné à l’orée du XVIII e siècle. Dévoilant des capacités inédites de mobilisations corporatives chez des officiers « moyens », il apporte une contribution aux actuelles interrogations sur le durcissement des modalités de négociations entre élites provinciales et monarchie louis-quatorzienne durant la seconde moitié du règne personnel d’une part et sur les aptitudes des corps à défendre leurs intérêts communs d’autre part. Grâce au recours cumulé à l’unité provinciale, au patronage de courtiers du pouvoir et à la députation, les compagnies secondes négocient avec la monarchie des compromis relativement avantageux. L’élargissement de leur répertoire d’action corporative opère ainsi une compensation temporaire de leur manque pénalisant et dominant de capital social, économique et politique.
Que sont les « couches nouvelles » devenues ? Une sociologie des élus radicaux et radicaux-socialistes de la IV e et des débuts de la V e République
Authors: Fogacci Frédéric 
Published: January 2013

Les élus du parti radical sont dès les débuts de la III e République identifiés à la figure du notable, dont l’ancrage local et l’art du compromis constituent les atouts d’une fortune politique durable. À la Libération, ce modèle paraît dépassé, condamné par les nécessités d’une professionnalisation accrue de la classe politique, et par une idéologisation renforcée du débat public. Le parti radical va-t-il dès lors faire évoluer ses processus de sélection de ses représentants, ou va-t-il au contraire constituer un conservatoire pour une classe politique « traditionnelle » ? À travers le prisme des parcours de formation et d’entrée en politique pour ces générations d’après-guerre, on tentera d’expliquer en quoi l’adaptation du parti à la nouvelle donne reste superficielle, ce qui constitue peut-être l’une des clés de son déclin rapide, après la courte embellie de la IV e République.
La communication avec l'au-delà au XIX e siècle. La religion des morts, religion de la sortie du catholicisme ?
Authors: Cuchet Guillaume 
Published: January 2013

Le XIX e siècle est loin de s’en être tenu au verdict matérialiste de certains représentants en mission de l’an II qui déclaraient que la mort était un « sommeil éternel » et que le temps de l’exploitation intéressée de la crédulité humaine était révolu. Au contraire, la période est marquée par un sursaut spiritualiste dont l’une des principales manifestations fut une fervente religion des morts. Celle-ci s’est exprimée de diverses manières : un intense culte familial des tombes, le renouveau du culte du purgatoire et la naissance du spiritisme. Le spiritualisme du siècle a donc été, dans la France du XIX e siècle, la vraie « religion de la sortie de la religion » (Marcel Gauchet) et le besoin de communication avec l’au-delà fut d’autant plus intense que ses représentations traditionnelles étaient devenues problématiques et que cette incertitude avait besoin d’être compensée à l’heure où les relations familiales devenaient plus affectives.
Retournons aux bois... Chroniques annoncées de la mort et de la renaissance de la poésie
Authors: Bonenfant Luc 
Published: January 2013

Les poèmes en prose de la bohème des années 1840 donnent à lire un rapport antagoniste à l’Idéal. Le thème de la dépossession poétique et la mise en scène de sujets pathétiques y signent la chronique d’une mort annoncée : celle de la poésie lyrique. La récupération des formules grotesques de la petitesse et du minuscule (déjà caractéristiques des poèmes en prose romantiques) y permet par ailleurs de régénérer la poésie en en déplaçant les lieux et les objets de l’énonciation. Le refus du chant débouche ainsi sur une parole renouvelée dont l’harmonie surgit du sens opéré par l’allégorisation de l’écrivain et de sa poétique. Écrits en prose plutôt qu’en vers, et racontant le désarroi du poète, les poèmes en prose de la bohème instituent le mineur en valeur éthique et formelle de la poésie.
A Citrullinated Fibrinogen-Specific T Cell Line Enhances Autoimmune Arthritis in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cordova Kristen N. , Willis Van C. , Haskins Kathryn , Holers V. Michael 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Citrullinated proteins, derived from the conversion of peptidyl-arginine to peptidyl-citrulline, are present in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who also uniquely produce high levels of anti-citrullinated protein Abs. Citrullinated fibrinogen (CF) is abundant in rheumatoid synovial tissue, and anti-citrullinated protein Ab-positive RA patients exhibit circulating immune complexes containing CF. Thus, CF is a potential major target of pathogenic autoimmunity in RA. T cells are believed to be involved in this process by initiating, controlling, and driving Ag-specific immune responses in RA. In this study, we isolated a CD4 T cell line specific for CF that produces inflammatory cytokines. When transferred into mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), this T cell line specifically enhanced the severity of autoimmune arthritis. Additionally, pathogenic IgG2a autoantibody levels to mouse type II collagen were increased in mice that received the T cells in CIA, and levels of these T cells were increased in the synovium, suggesting the T cells may have had systemic effects on the B cell response as well as local effects on the inflammatory environment. This work demonstrates that CD4 T cells specific for CF can amplify disease severity after onset of CIA.
Mineral Content in Dehydrated Mango Powder
Authors: Mujahid Hussain Leghari  , Saghir Ahmed Sheikh  , M.B. Kumbhar  , A.F. Baloch  
Published: January 2013

The study was carried out to explore mineral content in dehydrated mango powder made from immature green stage fruits. For the purpose, two type of slices from peeled and unpeeled fruits of four commercial grown varieties viz. Desi, Sindhri, Langra and Chaunsa were prepared. These slices were categorized into three groups A, B and C. In group A, slices were kept in controlled conditions in electric cabinet chamber (dehydrator) at 65oC temperature, while in group B, slices were dried by open sun drying method using muslin cloth over the cots at (43 ± 5 oC) and in group C, slices were kept in wooden glass dehydrator at (48 ± 4 oC).
The statistical analysis reveals highly significant differences for all main factors including varieties, dehydration methods, type of mango powder and their interactions. Chaunsa had the highest mean calcium (389.54 mg kg-1), potassium (912.07 mg kg-1) and magnesium (90.92 mg kg-1). However, only sodium was observed more in variety Langra (467.59 mg kg-1). On the basis of dehydration methods, mean calcium (407.06 mg kg-1) and magnesium (90.11 mg kg-1) content were observed more in wooden glass drying method as compared to rest of the drying methods. The sodium (511.83 mg kg-1) and potassium (811.35 mg kg-1)content were recorded the highest in open sun drying method. The powder made from fruits without peel was observed more in all mineral content including sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium.
Analyse des antécédents de l’intention entrepreneuriale de porteurs de projets français1
Authors: Delanoë Servane , Brulhart Franck 
Published: January 2013

Dans la littérature entrepreneuriale, la phase de l’émergence organisationnelle apparaît comme nécessitant des recherches approfondies. Cette phase, caractérisée par l’intention d’une personne de créer une organisation et les actions qu’elle entreprend à cet effet, recouvre des réalités diverses. Afin de contribuer à sa meilleure compréhension, nous utilisons un modèle d’intention, mettant en relation l’impact de l’attitude envers l’entrepreneuriat, de la norme subjective et de l’auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale perçue, sur l’intention de comportement entrepreneurial (intention entrepreneuriale) exprimée par des porteurs de projets français. En complément de l’intention entrepreneuriale, nos résultats nous conduisent à faire émerger la notion de détermination entrepreneuriale : l’intention fait référence à la volonté de devenir entrepreneur, et la détermination rend compte du degré de priorité de cette volonté dans la vie de la personne. Notre analyse montre que les trois antécédents retenus paraissent avoir une influence significative positive à la fois sur l’intention et sur la détermination entrepreneuriale. En outre, si le poids relatif de chaque antécédent diffère entre les deux aspects, l’importance de l’attitude des individus envers l’entrepreneuriat, autrement dit leur attrait pour une carrière indépendante par rapport à une carrière salariée, apparaît dans les deux cas comme l’élément explicatif prépondérant.
Making Sense of the Shift in Paradigm on Cartel Enforcement: The Case for Applying a Desert Perspective
Authors: Quaid Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2013

Soon after the coming into force of changes to the criminal provisions in the Competition Act, the commissioner of competition signalled that cartel enforcement would start to reflect a new mindset, one that treats cartels as truly criminal. But while the impetus for this shift in paradigm is well-intentioned—to give effect to a stronger criminal law mandate following the amendments—it is poorly explained, because its defenders continue to refer to the predominant deterrence rationale used in competition law, even though applying a harm-based view of crime and punishment to cartels fails to explain why criminal enforcement is needed.
I believe that applying a desert perspective offers a compelling alternative explanation for this shift toward treating cartels as truly criminal. Drawing on the work of Arthur Ripstein, I offer an account of cartel enforcement that focuses on the inherently wrongful disregard for competition that characterizes cartels. I argue that seeing cartels as a particularly serious misuse of the competitive system, one that is so fundamentally at odds with the notion of a competitive marketplace that it cannot be tolerated, is what justifies recourse to the consistent and uniquely public response of the criminal law. Seen in this light, bringing a more criminal law-oriented mindset to bear on cartel enforcement makes sense in way that this shift in paradigm does not when justified in deterrence terms.
General Dispersant Theory
Authors: Canevari Gerard P. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Chemical dispersants have a role in the cleanup of oil spills. However, neither dispersion nor any other current technique is a panacea for this purpose. There are situations where dispersants can be used for the benefit of our natural resources; but there are also instances where they should not be used. Similarly, there are conditions under which they are effective, as well as limits where they become ineffective. These aspects of the subject, as well as the mechanism of and basis for dispersing oil slicks, will be discussed.
An understanding of the mechanism of dispersency is of prime importance in order to appreciate the behavior and variation in effectiveness of various generic types of surface active agents in promoting oil-in-water dispersions. In this regard, the presence of naturally occurring surfactants in crude oil and their properties are discussed. Even for the same chemical agent, its efficiency can vary due to the influence of many factors such as method of application, degree of mixing, type of oil, temperature of water, amount of circulation in the body of water, etc. Some chemicals can be more sensitive to a specific factor than others. Therefore, an appreciation of mechanism and the effect of environmental and application factors is necessary in order to assess the appropriate scope of application for dispersants as a tool for the handling of oil spills.
United Kingdom Oil Industry Research And Plans To Deal With Sea Pollution By Oil
Authors: Jagger H. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The Institute of Petroleum has consistently provided for the exchange of knowledge and opinions on technical matters of a non-commercial nature relating to the oil industry. It has also provided a link between Government departments and the U.K. oil industry on a wide variety of technical matters ranging from measurement, sampling and testing to the conditions of license for the storage of petroleum spirit (gasoline). It is not surprising therefore that the Institute is the focal point of coordination between U.K. oil companies on the prevention of pollution by oil and provides a link between these oil companies, interested Government departments, the tanker industry and a number of international organizations. This paper traces the development of the Institute's role in the field of prevention of oil pollution and reviews the present position of cooperative research and response plans.
Confinement And Control Of Oil Pollution On Water With Monomolecular Surface Films
Authors: Garrett William D. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Under favorable conditions monomolecular surface films can be used to guide, confine and condense petroleum spills on water. Composed of water-insoluable, non-toxic organic material, these films spread rapidly and spontaneously into a one-molecule-thick layer. Consequently, small quantities of piston-film material will clear thin oil layers from large areas of a water surface. The effects of wind, the chemical character of the pollution and its thickness upon the usefulness of the piston film will be discussed. In addition to clearing water surfaces of oil, one of the most useful applications may be the ability of the surface film to confine and condense a small oil spill into layers as thick as one centimeter. Since the petroleum is thickened and compressed into a much reduced surface area, the efficiency of oil retrieval techniques would be enhanced.
NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLANNING
Authors: Charter Commander Daniel B. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
World production and transportation of petroleum products have reached such magnitudes that the United States must be prepared to cope with a massive pollution disaster near its coast. The problems of advance planning for cleanup of oil spills have been recognized for many years but received little active interest before the Torrey Canyon disaster in 1967. Following that incident the United States began developing national and regional oil spill contingency plans, and the first national plan was published in late 1968. The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 spurred additional efforts, resulting in publication of a more comprehensive national plan and completion of detailed regional plans. These plans created national and regional response teams and established responsibilities and procedures for responding to spills of oil and hazardous materials in U.S. waters with appropriate cleanup and control measures. The need for international contingency planning has been recognized during the past year, and some work has begun in this area.