bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distrusting the Process: Electoral Trust, Operational Ideology, and Nonvoting Political Participation in the 2020 American Electorate
Authors: Fitz Erin B , Saunders Kyle L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores the relationships between electoral trust, operational ideology, and nonvoting political participation (NVP) during the 2020 US presidential election cycle. We hypothesize that: (1) more liberal operational ideology is associated with more NVP, (2) less electoral trust is associated with more NVP, and (3) operational ideology moderates the negative relationship between electoral trust and NVP. Using data from the 2020 American National Election Study (N = 8,280), our contribution is threefold: We first add to previous research that indicated liberals engage in more NVP than conservatives. We then provide some of the first evidence to suggest that electoral trust—in this case, trust prior to the 2020 election—is negatively associated with NVP. Results further indicate that the negative relationship between electoral trust and NVP is strongest among those with conservative operational ideology, such that the more trust those with conservative operational ideology have in the election, the less they engage in NVP. Given that electoral trust is crucial for a well-functioning democracy, the implication is that elites with a strategic incentive to express contempt for the election process can have direct and downstream consequences on political participation.
Where Are the Sore Losers? Competitive Authoritarianism, Incumbent Defeat, and Electoral Trust in Zambia’s 2021 Election
Authors: Kerr Nicholas , Krönke Matthias , Wahman Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
How do electoral turnovers shape citizen perceptions of election quality in competitive authoritarian regimes? We argue that electoral outcomes are crucial for determining perceptions of electoral quality. While detailed evaluation of electoral trust is complex in competitive autocracies with institutional uncertainty and polarized electoral environments, turnovers send strong and unequivocal signals about election quality. Previous literature has noted a strong partisan divide in electoral trust in competitive authoritarian regimes, but turnovers can boost trust among both incumbent and opposition supporters. We test this argument in the case of Zambia’s 2021 election, a case where a ruling party lost despite electoral manipulation and strong control over the Election Management Body (EMB). Empirically, we leverage the first-ever panel survey carried out during Zambian elections. Comparing trust in elections before and after the election, we find that perceived election quality increased after the 2021 electoral turnover among both losers and winners. We find that trust in elections increased the most among winning opposition supporters. Moreover, despite the outgoing president’s attempt to portray the election as fraudulent, losing ruling-party supporters also increased their trust in elections after the turnover. The study has important implications for the literature on democratic consolidation and institutional trust.
Controllable self-assembly of tyrosine-rich triblock peptides into robust collagen mimetic bioscaffolds for aging skin rejuvenation
Authors: Yao Linyan , Ling Biyang , Huang Wenjie , Wang Qi , Cai Xiangdong , Xiao Jianxi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Skin aging, a complex physiological process characterized by alterations in skin structure and function, seriously affects human life. Collagen holds considerable potential in aging skin treatment, while animal-derived collagen poses risks of pathogen transmission. Self-assembled peptides have garnered increasing attention in creating collagen mimetic materials; however, previous reported self-assembled peptides rely on vulnerable non-covalent interactions or lack the capability of controlling morphology and incorporating functional motifs, limiting their ability to mimic collagen structure and function. We have herein created a controllable tyrosine-rich triblock peptide system capable of self-assembling into robust collagen mimetic bioscaffolds for rejuvenating aging skin. Through ruthenium-mediated crosslinking, these peptides self-assemble into well-defined nanospheres or collagen-mimetic scaffolds, precisely regulated by the triple-helical structure and tyrosine distribution. The self-assembled collagen mimetic scaffolds exhibit outstanding resistances to various solvents and pH conditions. The integrin-binding motif has been incorporated into the triple helical block without disrupting their assembly, while endowing them with superior bioactivities, effectively promoting cell adhesion and proliferation. In vivo studies demonstrated their efficacy in treating photoaging skin by accelerating collagen regeneration and activating fibroblasts. The self-assembled tyrosine-rich triblock peptides represent a versatile system for creating robust collagen mimetic biomaterials, providing great potential in skin rejuvenation and tissue regeneration.
Ferritin is a potential marker of cardiometabolic risk in adolescents and young adults with sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Cheng Esther T W , Au Chun T , Chan Raymond N C , Chan Joey W Y , Chan Ngan Y , Wing Yun K , Li Albert M , Lam Ethan , Chan Kate C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore markers that reflect sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) severity and investigate their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults.

Methods
Participants were recruited from our SDB epidemiological cohort. They underwent overnight polysomnography and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Complete blood count, ferritin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile were measured. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between red cell indices (RCIs), ferritin, and obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI). Subgroup analyses on participants with SDB were performed for the association of RCIs and ferritin with lipid profile, hs-CRP, and BP.

Results
There were 88 participants with SDB and 155 healthy controls aged 16–25 years. Hemoglobin (Hb; p &lt; .001), hematocrit (HCT; p &lt; .001), and ferritin (p &lt; .001) were elevated with increasing SDB severity and were independently associated with OAHI (β=1.06, p &lt; .001; β=40.2, p &lt; .001; β=4.89 × 10−3, p = .024, respectively). In participants with SDB, after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, significant associations were found between ferritin with low-density lipoprotein (LDL; β=0.936 × 10−3, p = .008) and triglyceride (TG; β =1.08 × 10−3, p &lt; .001), as well as between Hb (β=1.40, p = .007), HCT (β=51.5, p = .010) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Ferritin (β=0.091, p = .002), Hb (β=0.975, p = .005), and HCT (β=38.8, p = .004) were associated with hs-CRP independent of age, sex, BMI, plasma LDL, and MAP. OAHI was not associated with LDL and TG in the multivariable models.

Conclusions
Serum ferritin, but not OAHI, was associated with LDL and TG in participants with SDB, suggesting it is a potential marker of cardiometabolic risk in patients with SDB.
CBLL1 promotes endometrial stromal cell senescence via inhibiting PTEN in recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Liu Xueqing , Wei Xiaowei , Wu Jiayi , Xu Yichi , Hu Jianing , Qin Chuanmei , Chen Cailian , Lin Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common pregnancy‐related disorder. Cbl proto‐oncogene like 1 (CBLL1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which has been reported to vary with the menstrual cycle in the endometrium. However, whether CBLL1 is involved in the occurrence and development of RSA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CBLL1 on RSA. We analyzed the expression of CBLL1 in the decidua of RSA patients, as well as its functional effects on cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). RNA sequencing was employed to identify a key downstream target gene regulated by CBLL1. We found that CBLL1 was upregulated in the decidua of RSA patients. Additionally, overexpression of CBLL1 promoted HESC senescence, increased oxidative stress levels, and inhibited proliferation. Phosphatase and tensin homolog located on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was identified as one of the important downstream target genes of CBLL1. In vivo experiments demonstrated that CBLL1 overexpression in the endometrium caused higher embryo absorption rate in mice. Consequently, elevated CBLL1 expression is a potential cause of RSA, representing a novel therapeutic target for RSA.
Novel PET tracers in breast cancer for treatment optimization: clinical utility and future perspectives
Authors: Gilardi Laura , Airò Farulla Lighea Simona , Bonatto Elena , Ceci Francesco 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
There is a critical need for timely and accurate decisions in breast cancer management. This narrative review aims to clarify the potential role of novel PET tracers in optimizing treatment strategies for different breast cancer subtypes.

Recent findings
2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose PET/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has a pivotal role in response assessment in metastatic breast cancer, despite its limitations in certain histological and molecular subtypes. Further PET radiopharmaceuticals have been proposed to address these clinical needing.

Summary
FES PET/CT demonstrates its usefulness in assessing ER expression and predicting response to therapy in luminal breast cancer, with implications for treatment optimization and monitoring. In HER2-positive and HER2-low breast cancer, HER2-targeted PET tracers show potential in assessing HER2 status, while their accuracy in predicting response to targeted therapies is still debated. PARP-targeted PET imaging holds potential for selecting patients for PARP inhibitors treatments, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where imaging tools are crucial due to the absence of specific targets. Immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are emerging treatment options for TNBC, and PET imaging targeting immune checkpoints could aid in treatment selection and response monitoring. The dynamic role of PET/CT imaging in tailoring breast cancer treatments requires further multidisciplinary research to validate the clinical utility of targeted tracers.
Controversies on chemotherapy for early HR+/HER2− breast cancer: the role of anthracyclines and dose intensification
Authors: Poggio Francesca , Molinelli Chiara , Giannubilo Irene , Lambertini Matteo , Blondeaux Eva 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Use of adjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and improves overall survival (OS) in patients with early-stage breast cancer. However, few data are available on the efficacy of different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens and schedules in patients with hormone receptor positive/HER2-negative (HR+/HER2−) breast cancer. We aim to summarize the available evidence on the efficacy of adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy and of the dose-dense schedule in this specific patient population. Moreover, current controversies in the management of patients with early-stage HR+/HER2− breast cancer are discussed.

Recent findings
Patient-level meta-analysis evaluating the role of the addition of an anthracycline to taxane-based chemotherapy showed that recurrence rate was lower among patients receiving anthracycline-based treatment.
Patient-level meta-analysis evaluating the role of different schedules of chemotherapy administration showed that the use of adjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy is associated with significant reduction in breast cancer recurrences and breast cancer mortality. Less evidence is available in the neoadjuvant setting.

Summary
For patients with high-risk HR+/HER2− breast cancer, (neo) adjuvant anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy, and a dose-dense regimen should still be considered the standard of care. However, in patients with intermediate risk breast cancer candidates to chemotherapy, anthracycline-free regimens could be considered the preferred treatment option.
Limb Salvage Using Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery Graft for a Hand Vibration Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Zhegang , Yu Longbiao , Meng Fanbin , Wen Jingjing , Xiao Yingfeng , Shan Huiming , Wan Shengxiang , Zeng Hui , Yu Fei 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
A 50-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of long-standing cold-induced numbness in the fingers for more than a year, accompanied by persistent hand pain and fingertip ulceration for 3 months. On physical examination, radial and ulnar artery pulsation was absent in both limbs, and pale skin color, low skin temperature, and limited finger range of motion were noted. Gangrene was detected in the fingertips of the left index and middle fingers, and the right middle and ring fingers. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral arterial occlusion and vibration white finger. Upon admission, the patient underwent an intervention surgery on the right side. Subsequently, transplantation of the descending branches of the left and right lateral femoral circumflex arteries was performed to restore blood flow in the bilateral radial arteries. Additionally, debridement was conducted without shortening after the surgical procedure, the patient received anticoagulation, anti-inflammatory, and symptomatic treatment. The bilateral finger skin temperature increased by 3 °C postoperatively, and the accompanying pain and numbness were alleviated. The wound healed 1 month after surgery, and no recurrence of pain or ulcer was reported during the 1-year follow-up period. Eventually, his hand function recovered, without any impact on the vascular donor site.
Autologization of Exosomes with Deparenchymized Adipose Tissue: An Innovative Approach for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery
Authors: Copcu H. Eray 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Among all regenerative applications developed in recent years, the use of exosomes has generated by far the greatest interest. Exosome products from allogeneic and xenogeneic sources are available on the market. A key challenge is controlling the effects of nonautologous exosomes. We hypothesized that combining exosomes with a patient’s own extracellular matrix (ECM) can create “autologization,” enabling control over their effects. This study aimed to provide the rationale and a guide for future research exploring the autologization of exosome applications using deparenchymized adipose tissue (DPAT).

Methods:
DPAT adipose tissue was achieved using 1200-, 400-, and 35-micrometer blades in an ultrasharp blade system (Adinizer), and then “autologization” was achieved by combining the obtained DPAT with allogeneic exosomes. DPAT was evaluated histochemically, and exosomes were counted and analyzed with the Nanosight device.

Results:
The DPAT process using ultrasharp blades is easily performed. DPAT obtained from adipose tissue was then combined with allogenic exosomes. It has been demonstrated histopathologically that adipocytes are eliminated in deparenchymized fat tissue, and only ECM and stromal cells remain. It has also been proven that the number of exosomes is not affected by the combination.

Conclusions:
This study introduces two novel concepts previously unknown in the literature, “deparenchymization” and “autologization,” representing an innovative approach in plastic surgery and regenerative medicine. Our novel approach enriches regenerative cells while preserving critical ECM signals, overcoming the limitations of existing isolation methods. Extensive research is still needed, but autologization using DPAT ECM holds great promise for translating exosome-based treatments into practice.
An integrated analysis of bile acid metabolism in humans with severe obesity
Authors: Aydin Ömrüm , Wahlström Annika , de Jonge Patrick A. , Meijnikman Abraham S. , Sjöland Wilhelm , Olsson Lisa , Henricsson Marcus , de Goffau Marcus C. , Oonk Stijn , Bruin Sjoerd C. , Acherman Yair I.Z. , Marschall Hanns-Ulrich , Gerdes Victor E.A. , Nieuwdorp Max , Bäckhed Fredrik , Groen Albert K. 
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:
Bile acids (BA) are vital regulators of metabolism. BAs are AQ6 secreted in the small intestine, reabsorbed, and transported back to the liver, where they can modulate metabolic functions. There is a paucity of data regarding the portal BA composition in humans. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating portal BA composition and the relation with peripheral and fecal BA dynamics in conjunction with the gut microbiome.

Approach and Results:
Thirty-three individuals from the BARIA cohort were included. Portal plasma, peripheral plasma, and feces were collected. BA and C4 levels were measured employing mass spectrometry. FGF19 was measured using ELISA. Gut microbiota composition was determined through metagenomics analysis on stool samples. Considerable diversity in the portal BA composition was observed. The majority (n = 26) of individuals had a 9-fold higher portal than peripheral BA concentration. In contrast, 8 individuals showed lower portal BA concentration compared with peripheral and had higher levels of unconjugated and secondary BA in this compartment, suggesting more distal origin. The altered portal BA profile was associated with altered gut microbiota composition. In particular, taxa within Bacteroides were reduced in abundance in the feces of these individuals.

Conclusions:
Characterization of the portal BA composition in relation to peripheral and fecal BA increased insight into the dynamics of BA metabolism in individuals with obesity. Peripheral BA composition was much more diverse due to microbial metabolism. About 24% of the portal samples was surprisingly low in total BA; the underlying mechanism requires further exploration.
Demographic Differences and Potential Bias From Automated Occupation Coding Among Mothers of Babies Born With or Without Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate in the Texas Birth Defects Registry
Authors: Oluwafemi Omobola O. , Agopian A. J. , Benjamin Renata H. , Gimeno Ruiz de Porras David , Shumate Charles J. , Patel Jenil 
Published: July 2024

Objective
To compare maternal demographics based on occupation coding status and evaluate potential bias by excluding manually coded occupations.

Methods
This case-control study assessed cases with clefts obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. The NIOSH Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System automatically coded occupations, with manual coding for unclassified cases. Maternal demographics were tabulated by occupation coding status (manual vs. automatic). Logistic regression examined associations between major occupation groups and clefts.

Results
Automatic coding covered over 90% of all mothers. Building, grounds cleaning, and maintenance occupations, and office and administrative support occupations were significantly associated with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, even after excluding manually coded occupations.

Conclusion
We found consistent associations before and after excluding manually coded data for most comparisons, suggesting that machine learning can facilitate occupation-related birth defects research.
The efficacy of Hemospray in managing bleeding related to gastrointestinal tumors: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abosheaishaa Hazem , Abdallfatah Abdallfatah , Ahmed Omar T. , Elfert Khaled , Mohamed Islam , AlabdulRazzak Iyiad , Abdalla Monzer , Sethi Arshia , Abdelhalim Omar , Gayam Vijay Reddy , Eskaros Saphwat , Boulay Brian 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding stemming from malignant tumors is increasingly recognized, due to advancements in oncology and detection methods. Traditional endoscopic hemostatic techniques have shown variable success rates in managing hemorrhagic GI neoplasms. Hemospray, an emerging endoscopic hemostatic powder, offers promise in treating upper GI bleeding, potentially extending its utility to neoplastic bleeding sites. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate Hemospray’s efficacy in managing bleeding related to GI tumors.

Methods
We searched Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, and Cochrane. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies focusing on malignancy-related GI bleeding and interventions utilizing Hemospray. Comparative studies contrasted Hemospray with standard endoscopic treatments (SET), while noncomparative studies assessed Hemospray’s efficacy independently. The risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools, and statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager and open Meta analyst software.

Results
We included 19 studies in our meta-analysis. Hemospray demonstrated higher rates of immediate hemostasis compared to SET (odds ratio: 17.14, 95% confidence interval: 4.27–68.86), with consistent outcomes across studies. Rebleeding rates at 14 and 30 days were comparable between Hemospray and SET groups, suggesting similar efficacy in long-term hemostasis. Hemospray showed a significantly lower need for nonendoscopic hemostasis compared to SET (odds ratio: 0.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.30–0.87), indicating a potential reduction in supplementary interventions. Safety assessments revealed no confirmed adverse events directly linked to Hemospray.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis highlights Hemospray’s efficacy in achieving immediate hemostasis in GI tumor-related bleeding, with potential benefits in reducing supplementary interventions and improving patient outcomes. Despite comparable rebleeding rates, Hemospray emerges as a valuable adjunctive therapy in managing malignant GI bleeding.
Radionuclide therapy of bevacizumab-based PNA-mediated pretargeting
Authors: Yan JingXuan , Zhao Peng , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Jing , Yang Xia , Li Hongbo , Zhuo Liangang , Liao Wei , Fan Wenqi , Jia Yaodan , Wei Hongyuan , Chen Yue 
Published: July 2024

Background
The radionuclide-labeled bevacizumab (BV) is a potential therapeutic approach for vascular endothelial growth factor overexpressed tumors. Because of its large molecular weight, BV is cleared slowly in vivo, which caused damage to healthy tissues and organs. On account of this situation, using the pretargeting strategy with DNA/RNA analogs, such as peptide nucleic acid (PNA), is an effective way of treating solid tumors.

Methods
The BV-PNA conjugate (BV-PNA-1) was injected intravenously as the pretargeted probe, which was specifically accumulated in a solid tumor and gradually metabolically cleared. Then the [177Lu]Lu-labeled complementary PNA strand ([177Lu]Lu-PNA-2) as the second probe was injected, and bound with BV-PNA-1 by the base complementary pairing. In this study, the BV-based PNA-mediated pretargeting strategy was systematically studied, including stability of probes, specific binding ability, biodistribution in animal model, evaluation of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging, and therapeutic effect.

Results
Compared with group A ([177Lu]Lu-BV), the group B (BV-PNA-1 + [177Lu]Lu-PNA-2) showed lower blood radiotoxicity (22.55 ±1.62 vs. 5.18 ± 0.40%, %ID/g, P < 0.05), and similar accumulation of radioactivity in tumor (5.32 ± 0.66 vs. 6.68 ± 0.79%, %ID/g, P > 0.05). Correspondingly, there was no significant difference in therapeutic effect between groups A and B.

Conclusion
The PNA-mediated pretargeting strategy could increase the tumor-to-blood ratio, thereby reducing the damage to normal tissues, while having a similar therapeutic effect to solid tumor. All the experiments in this study showed the potential and effectiveness of pretargeting radioimmunotherapy.