bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freie Form – experimentelle Tragstruktur
Authors: Schling Eike , Barthel Rainer , Tutsch Joram 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn dem Studentenprojekt “Experimental Structures” wurden im Sommersemester 2014 am Lehrstuhl für Tragwerksplanung der Technischen Universität München sieben Tragstrukturen auf experimentelle Weise entwickelt. Die Masterstudenten nutzten Techniken wie Flechten, Falten oder Biegen, um parametrisch kontrollierte Strukturen auf modularer Basis zu erstellen. Dabei wurden unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze für die Unterteilung und Konstruktion von gekrümmten Flächen aufgezeigt. Die Ergebnisse bewegen sich zwischen effizientem Tragwerk und spielerischer Skulptur. Die Strukturen von ca. 2 × 2 m Spannweite wurden am Technischen Zentrum der TU mithilfe computergesteuerter Werkzeuge gefertigt und im Rahmen der Jahresschau der Architekturfakultät ausgestellt.Free form – experimental structure – design and realisation of modular surface structuresDuring the summer project 2014 “Experimental Structures” seven structures were developed through experimental trials at the Department for Structural Design at the Technical University in Munich. The master students utilized various techniques like braiding, folding or bending to generate parametrically controlled modular structures. This produced different approaches of tessellating and constructing double curved surfaces. The resulting works cover a range between efficient structures and playful sculptures. The structures of approximately 2 × 2 m span were produced at the Technical Center of the TU using computer aided tools. They were exhibited at the Annual Show of the Architecture Faculty.
seele Glasbrücke: Eine gläserne Brückenkonstruktion aus kaltverformtem Glas
Authors: Peters Stefan , Engelsmann Stephan , Dengler Christoph 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEine begehbare gläserne Brückenkonstruktion ist der weltweit erste Prototyp für Brückenbauwerke aus kaltgebogenem Glas. Der kaltverformte transparente Werkstoff, ein komplexes räumliches und steifigkeitsabhängiges Tragverhalten sowie ein umfassender Einsatz von Klebeverbindungen sind die besonderen Kennzeichen der seele Glasbrücke. Das spektakuläre transparente Experiment ist das Ergebnis einer Kooperation zwischen seele GmbH, dem IBK Forschung und Entwicklung der Universität Stuttgart und Engelsmann Peters Beratende Ingenieure GmbH. Der Beitrag beschreibt das Entwurfskonzept und die Tragwerksplanung sowie Fertigung und Montage der gläsernen Brücke.seele glassbridge: a glass bridge structure made from cold bentglassAn accessible glass bridge is the world‐wide first prototype for bridge structures made from cold bent glass. The cold bent material, an ambitious structural concept and the comprehensive use of bonded joints are the particular characteristics of this glass bridge. The spectacular transparent experiment is the result of a cooperation between seele GmbH, IBK Forschung und Entwicklung of Stuttgart University and Engelsmann Peters Beratende Ingenieure GmbH. This article describes the structural design concept and the structural design process as well as the fabrication of the glass bridge.
Setting up a wide panel of patient‐derived tumor xenografts of non–small cell lung cancer by improving the preanalytical steps
Authors: Ilie Marius , Nunes Manoel , Blot Lydia , Hofman Véronique , Long‐Mira Elodie , Butori Catherine , Selva Eric , Merino‐Trigo Ana , Vénissac Nicolas , Mouroux Jérôme , Vrignaud Patricia , Hofman Paul 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWith the ongoing need to improve therapy for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) there has been increasing interest in developing reliable preclinical models to test novel therapeutics. Patient‐derived tumor xenografts (PDX) are considered to be interesting candidates. However, the establishment of such model systems requires highly specialized research facilities and introduces logistic challenges. We aimed to establish an extensive well‐characterized panel of NSCLC xenograft models in the context of a long‐distance research network after careful control of the preanalytical steps. One hundred fresh surgically resected NSCLC specimens were shipped in survival medium at room temperature from a hospital‐integrated biobank to animal facilities. Within 24 h post‐surgery, tumor fragments were subcutaneously xenografted into immunodeficient mice. PDX characterization was performed by histopathological, immunohistochemical, aCGH and next‐generation sequencing approaches. For this model system, the tumor take rate was 35%, with higher rates for squamous carcinoma (60%) than for adenocarcinoma (13%). Patients for whom PDX tumors were obtained had a significantly shorter disease‐free survival (DFS) compared to patients for whom no PDX tumors (P = 0.039) were obtained. We established a large panel of PDX NSCLC models with a high frequency of mutations (29%) in EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, MEK1, BRAF, PTEN, and PI3KCA genes and with gene amplification (20%) of c‐MET and FGFR1. This new patient‐derived NSCLC xenograft collection, established regardless of the considerable time required and the distance between the clinic and the animal facilities, recapitulated the histopathology and molecular diversity of NSCLC and provides stable and reliable preclinical models for human lung cancer research.
Controlling the Fluorescence of Benzofuran‐Modified Uracil Residues in Oligonucleotides by Triple‐Helix Formation
Authors: Kanamori Takashi , Ohzeki Hiroki , Masaki Yoshiaki , Ohkubo Akihiro , Takahashi Mari , Tsuda Kengo , Ito Takuhiro , Shirouzu Mikako , Kuwasako Kanako , Muto Yutaka , Sekine Mitsuo , Seio Kohji 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe developed fluorescent turn‐on probes containing a fluorescent nucleoside, 5‐(benzofuran‐2‐yl)deoxyuridine (dUBF) or 5‐(3‐methylbenzofuran‐2‐yl)deoxyuridine (dUMBF), for the detection of single‐stranded DNA or RNA by utilizing DNA triplex formation. Fluorescence measurements revealed that the probe containing dUMBF achieved superior fluorescence enhancement than that containing dUBF. NMR and fluorescence analyses indicated that the fluorescence intensity increased upon triplex formation partly as a consequence of a conformational change at the bond between the 3‐methylbenzofuran and uracil rings. In addition, it is suggested that the microenvironment around the 3‐methylbenzofuran ring contributed to the fluorescence enhancement. Further, we developed a method for detecting RNA by rolling circular amplification in combination with triplex‐induced fluorescence enhancement of the oligonucleotide probe containing dUMBF.
Cyclability of a Lithium–Oxygen Battery Containing N‐Methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone and a Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Cathode
Authors: Chen Yu‐Ming , Xie Aozhen , Zhu Yu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe lithium–air battery has a high specific capacity but suffers from a poor cyclability. The reason for its poor cycle life is still unclear and many explanations, such as the degradation of the solvent, the lithium salt, and the carbon cathode, have been suggested. Although N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) was shown to be stable under superoxide anion radical conditions in stand‐alone tests, lithium–air cells containing NMP still showed a very low reversibility in previous work. Here, a freestanding vertically aligned carbon nanotube is used as a binder‐free electrode in a lithium–air battery cathode, and the results indicate that the cyclability of the cell is significantly improved. This research proves that the content of the carbon electrode is of pivotal importance for the stability of lithium–air batteries.
Synthesis of [3]Rotaxanes that Utilize the Catalytic Activity of a Macrocyclic Phenanthroline–Cu Complex: Remarkable Effect of the Length of the Axle Precursor
Authors: Yamashita Yoshiaki , Mutoh Yuichiro , Yamasaki Ryu , Kasama Takeshi , Saito Shinichi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract[3]Rotaxanes, which consist of one macrocyclic phenanthroline compound and two axle components, were prepared by the oxidative dimerization of an alkyne compound with bulky tris[4′‐cyclohexyl‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4‐yl]methyl blocking group. The catalytic activity of a macrocyclic phenanthroline–Cu complex was utilized to thread the two axle components inside the ring. The alkyne compound with chain of 15 or 20 methylene groups gave [3]rotaxanes in high yields, whereas the axle with a chain of six methylene groups afforded a [3]rotaxane in very poor yield. We also examined the effect of the ring size on the synthesis of [3]rotaxanes. [3]Rotaxanes were not isolated when a macrocyclic phenanthroline compound with a smaller ring size was used.
Straightforward Synthetic Protocol for the Introduction of Stabilized C Nucleophiles in the BODIPY Core for Advanced Sensing and Photonic Applications
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Ramos Brenda D. , Bañuelos Jorge , Arbeloa Teresa , Arbeloa Iñigo López , González‐Navarro Paulina E. , Wrobel Kazimierz , Cerdán Luis , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Costela Angel , Peña‐Cabrera Eduardo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA straightforward synthetic protocol to directly incorporate stabilized 1,3‐dicarbonyl C nucleophiles to the meso position of BODIPY (4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) is reported. Soft nucleophiles generated by deprotonation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives smoothly displace the 8‐methylthio group from 8‐(methylthio)BODIPY analogues in the presence of CuI thiophenecarboxylate in stoichiometric amounts at room temperature. Seven highly fluorescent new derivatives are prepared with varying yields (20–92 %) in short reaction times (5–30 min). The excellent photophysical properties of the new dyes allow focusing on applications never analyzed before for BODIPYs substituted with stabilized C nucleophiles such as pH sensors and lasers in liquid and solid state, highlighting the relevance of the synthetic protocol described in the present work. The attainment of these dyes, with strong UV absorption and highly efficient and stable laser emission in the green spectral region, concerns to one of the greatest challenges in the ongoing development of advanced photonic materials with relevant applications. In fact, organic dyes with emission in the green are the only ones that allow, by frequency‐doubling processes, the generation of tunable ultraviolet (250‐350 nm) radiation, with ultra‐short pulses.
BN Heterosuperbenzenes: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ye , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReplacement of CC unit with its isoelectronic BN unit in aromatics provides a new class of molecules with appealing properties, which have attracted great attention recently. In this Concept, we focus on BN‐substituted polycyclic aromatics with fused structures, and review their synthesis, photophysical, and redox properties, as well as their applications in organic electronics. We also present challenging synthetic targets, large BN‐ substituted polycyclic aromatics, such as regioregular BN heterosuperbenzenes, which can be viewed as BN‐doped nanographenes. Finally, we propose an atomically precise bottom‐up synthesis of structurally well‐defined BN‐doped graphenes.
Development of an AND Logic‐Gate‐Type Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Imaging of Autolysosome in Cell Autophagy
Authors: Takashima Ippei , Kawagoe Ryosuke , Hamachi Itaru , Ojida Akio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe concomitant detection of two biological events facilitates the highly selective and sensitive analysis of specific biological functions. In this article, we report an AND logic‐gate‐type fluorescent probe that can concurrently sense two biological events in living cells: H2O2 accumulation and acidification. The probe exhibits a unique fluorescence sensing mechanism, in which a xanthene fluorophore is oxidatively transformed to a xanthone derivative by H2O2, thereby resulting in a clear dual‐emission change. This transformation is significantly accelerated under weak acidic conditions, which enables the selective and sensitive detection of H2O2 production in an acidic cellular compartment. This unique sensing property was successfully applied to the ratiometric fluorescence imaging of autolysosome formation in selective mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), which highlights the utility of this novel probe in autophagy research.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Fully Substituted Cyclopentane‐Oxindoles through an Organocatalytic Triple Michael Domino Reaction
Authors: Zou Liang‐Hua , Philipps Arne R. , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn efficient, highly stereoselective asymmetric synthesis of fully functionalized cyclopentanes bearing an oxindole moiety and several other functional groups in one pot has been developed. Key step is an organocatalytic triple Michael domino reaction forming three CC bonds and six stereocenters, including a quaternary one. Starting from equimolar amounts of simple substrates, a high molecular complexity can be reached after a Wittig olefination in one pot. The new protocol can easily be scaled up to gram amounts.
Discovery of MK‐8970: An Acetal Carbonate Prodrug of Raltegravir with Enhanced Colonic Absorption
Authors: Walji Abbas M. , Sanchez Rosa I. , Clas Sophie‐Dorothee , Nofsinger Rebecca , de Lera Ruiz Manuel , Li Jing , Bennet Amrithraj , John Christopher , Bennett David Jonathan , Sanders John M. , Di Marco Christina N. , Kim Somang Hope , Balsells Jaume , Ceglia Scott S. , Dang Qun , Manser Kimberly , Nissley Becky , Wai John S. , Hafey Michael , Wang Junying , Chessen Gene , Templeton Allen , Higgins John , Smith Ronald , Wu Yunhui , Grobler Jay , Coleman Paul J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDeveloping new antiretroviral therapies for HIV‐1 infection with potential for less frequent dosing represents an important goal within drug discovery. Herein, we present the discovery of ethyl (1‐((4‐((4‐fluorobenzyl)carbamoyl)‐1‐methyl‐2‐(2‐(5‐methyl‐ 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐carboxamido)propan‐2‐yl)‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrimidin‐5‐yl)oxy)ethyl) carbonate (MK‐8970), a highly optimized prodrug of raltegravir (Isentress). Raltegravir is a small molecule HIV integrase strand‐transfer inhibitor approved for the treatment of HIV infection with twice‐daily administration. Two classes of prodrugs were designed to have enhanced colonic absorption, and derivatives were evaluated in pharmacokinetic studies, both in vitro and in vivo in different species, ultimately leading to the identification of MK‐8970 as a suitable candidate for development as an HIV therapeutic with the potential to require less frequent administration while maintaining the favorable efficacy, tolerability, and minimal drug–drug interaction profile of raltegravir.
Racial/ethnic disparities in inflammatory gene single‐nucleotide polymorphisms as predictors of a high risk for symptom burden in patients with multiple myeloma 1 year after diagnosis
Authors: Shi Qiuling , Wang Xin Shelley , Li Guojun , Shah Nina D. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Williams Loretta A. , Mendoza Tito R. , Cleeland Charles S. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUNDThis study was conducted to determine whether any regulatory single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in an inflammatory gene was associated with a high symptom burden in patients 1 year after the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM).METHODSMM patients rated symptoms with the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory multiple myeloma module (MDASI‐MM) and provided buccal‐swab DNA samples. SNPs for 4 cytokine genes (interleukin 6 [IL6] −174G>C, IL1β −511C>T, tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα] −308G>A, and IL10 −1082G>A) were tested. Logistic regression models were used to identify SNPs that might predict moderate/severe symptoms (rated ≥4 on the MDASI‐MM 0‐10 scale). For the evaluation of the relationship between SNPs and overall symptom burden, a 2‐step cluster analysis was used to divide patients into subgroups with high or low symptom levels.RESULTSForty‐one percent of the 344 patients enrolled had a high overall symptom burden. The most prevalent moderate/severe symptoms were fatigue (47%), pain (42%), numbness (38%), and bone aches (32%). For non‐Hispanic whites, the IL1β −511 CC genotype was associated with a high overall symptom burden (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25‐4.72; P = .004), whereas the IL6 −174 GG genotype predicted less moderate/severe fatigue (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.88; P = .013). For other patients, the IL6 −174 GG genotype predicted moderate/severe pain (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.23‐13.64; P = .010).CONCLUSIONSThese results support growing evidence showing that inflammation is associated with cancer‐related symptoms, and they suggest that racial/ethnic factors contribute to this association. Cancer 2015;121:1138–1146. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Lithium–Air Oxygen Shuttle Battery with a ZrO2‐Based Ion‐Conducting Oxide Electrolyte
Authors: Inoishi Atsushi , Matsuka Maki , Sakai Takaaki , Ju Young‐Wan , Ida Shintaro , Ishihara Tatsumi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInvited for this month’s cover is the group of Prof. Tatsumi Ishihara from Kyushu University, Fukuoka (Japan). The cover picture shows the newly proposed concept of an “oxygen shuttle” for a Li–air battery, in which a stabilized ZrO2 ion conductor is the electrolyte, and the red balls represent oxygen molecules that permeate through the electrolyte. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201402041.
Guaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation Mechanism on Pt(111): Insights from Density Functional Theory and Linear Free Energy Relations
Authors: Lee Kyungtae , Gu Geun Ho , Mullen Charles A. , Boateng Akwasi A. , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDensity functional theory is used to study the adsorption of guaiacol and its initial hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reactions on Pt(111). Previous Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) correlations for small open‐chain molecules are inadequate in estimating the reaction barriers of phenolic compounds except for the side group (methoxy) carbon‐dehydrogenation. New BEP relations are established using a select group of phenolic compounds. These relations are applied to construct a potential‐energy surface of guaiacol‐HDO to catechol. Analysis shows that catechol is mainly produced via dehydrogenation of the methoxy functional group followed by the CHx (x<3) removal of the functional group and hydrogenation of the ring carbon, in contrast to a hypothesis of a direct demethylation path. Dehydroxylation and demethoxylation are slow, implying that phenol is likely produced from catechol but not through its direct dehydroxylation followed by aromatic carbon‐ring hydrogenation.
Genetic basis of dyslipidemia in disease precipitation of coronary artery disease (CAD) associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Authors: Raj Resal , Bhatti Jasvinder Singh , Badada Sanjay Kumar , Ramteke Pramod W. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications are linked to environmental, clinical, and genetic factors. This review analyses the disorders of lipids and their genetics with respect to coronary artery disease (CAD) associated with T2DM. Cell organelles, hepatitis C‐virus infection, reactive oxygen species produced in mitochondria, and defective insulin signaling due to the arrest of G1 phase to S phase transition of β‐cells have significant roles in the precipitation of the diseases. Adiponectin is anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherosclerotic and improves insulin resistance. Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) is atherosclerotic, and LDL‐cholesterol in T2DM is associated with high‐cardiovascular risk. Further, LDL cholesterol reduction significantly reduces cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) is also anti‐atherosclerotic due to HDL associated paraoxonase‐1 serum enzyme, which prevents LDL oxidative modifications and the development of CAD. Moreover, elevated apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A‐I (ApoB/ApoA‐I) ratio in plasma is also a risk factor for CAD. LDL receptor, adiponectin, and endocannabinoid receptor‐1 genes are independently associated with CAD and T2DM. Polymorphism of Apo E2 (epsilon2) is a positive factor to increase the T2DM risk and Apo E4 (epsilon4) is a negative factor to reduce the disease risk. Taq 1B polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) gene contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, whereas haplotypes of APOA5, APOC3, APOC4, and APOC5 genes are in the same cluster and are independently associated with high plasma triglyceride level, CAD and T2DM. In conclusion, because various genes, LDLR, CETP, APOA5, Apo E, Apo B, and Apo A‐I, are associated with the precipitation of CAD associated with T2DM, a personalized diet–gene intervention therapy may be advocated to reduce the disease precipitation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wnt and FGF mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal crosstalk during lung development
Authors: Volckaert Thomas , De Langhe Stijn P. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackground: The adaptation to terrestrial life required the development of an organ capable of efficient air‐blood gas exchange. To meet the metabolic load of cellular respiration, the mammalian respiratory system has evolved from a relatively simple structure, similar to the two‐tube amphibian lung, to a highly complex tree‐like system of branched epithelial airways connected to a vast network of gas exchanging units called alveoli. The development of such an elaborate organ in a relatively short time window is therefore an extraordinary feat and involves an intimate crosstalk between mesodermal and endodermal cell lineages. Results: This review describes the molecular processes governing lung development with an emphasis on the current knowledge on the role of Wnt and FGF signaling in lung epithelial differentiation. Conclusions: The Wnt and FGF signaling pathways are crucial for the dynamic and reciprocal communication between epithelium and mesenchyme during lung development. In addition, some of this developmental crosstalk is reemployed in the adult lung after injury to drive regeneration, and may, when aberrantly or chronically activated, result in chronic lung diseases. Novel insights into how the Wnt and FGF pathways interact and are integrated into a complex gene regulatory network will not only provide us with essential information about how the lung regenerates itself, but also enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, as well as improve the controlled differentiation of lung epithelium from pluripotent stem cells. Developmental Dynamics 244:342–366, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A tool for simulating and communicating uncertainty when modelling species distributions under future climates
Authors: Gould Susan F. , Beeton Nicholas J. , Harris Rebecca M. B. , Hutchinson Michael F. , Lechner Alex M. , Porfirio Luciana L. , Mackey Brendan G. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Tools for exploring and communicating the impact of uncertainty on spatial prediction are urgently needed, particularly when projecting species distributions to future conditions.

We provide a tool for simulating uncertainty, focusing on uncertainty due to data quality. We illustrate the use of the tool using a Tasmanian endemic species as a case study. Our simulations provide probabilistic, spatially explicit illustrations of the impact of uncertainty on model projections. We also illustrate differences in model projections using six different global climate models and two contrasting emissions scenarios.

Our case study results illustrate how different sources of uncertainty have different impacts on model output and how the geographic distribution of uncertainty can vary.

Synthesis and applications: We provide a conceptual framework for understanding sources of uncertainty based on a review of potential sources of uncertainty in species distribution modelling; a tool for simulating uncertainty in species distribution models; and protocols for dealing with uncertainty due to climate models and emissions scenarios. Our tool provides a step forward in understanding and communicating the impacts of uncertainty on species distribution models under future climates which will be particularly helpful for informing discussions between researchers, policy makers, and conservation practitioners.