bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthese und Kristallstrukturen der ionischen Kronenetherkomplexe [TiCl3(15-Krone-5)(CH3CN)][SbCl6) und [VCI(OH)(18-Krone-6)(CH3CN)2][SbCl6] · ½(18-Krone-6 · CH3CN) / Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Ionic Crown Ether Complexes [TiCl3(15-Crown-5)(CH3CN)][SbCl6) und [VCI(OH)(18-Crown-6)(CH3CN)2][SbCl6] · ½(18-Crown-6 · CH3CN)
Authors: Plate Michael , Frenzen Gerlinde , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The title compounds were prepared by the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with 15-crown-5 and antimony pentachloride, and by the reaction of vanadium trichloride with 18-crown-6 and antimony pentachloride in the presence of traces of water in acetonitrile solution, respectively. The complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by X-ray structure determinations.
[TiCl3(15-crown-5)(CH3CN)][SbCl6]: Space group Pnma, Z = 4, 1355 observed unique reflections, R = 0.035. Lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1987(1), b = 1742.2(6), c = 111.0(2) pm. The compound consists of SbCl6- anions and cations [TiCl3(15-crown-5)(CH3CN)]+, in which the titanium atom is coordinated octahedrally by three chlorine atoms in facial arrangement, by the nitrogen atom of the acetonitrile molecule, and by two oxygen atoms of the crown ether molecule.
[VCl(OH)(18-crown-6 )(CH3CN)2][SbCl6] · ½(18-crown-6 · CH3CN); Space group P 1̄, 3936 observed unique reflections, R = 0.714. Lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1194.2(6), b = 1349.8(6), c = 1365.5(6) pm, α = 93.55(4)°, β = 111.23(4)°, γ = 93.15(4)°. The compound consists of SbCl6
- anions, included 18-crown-6 and acetonitrile molecules, and cations [VCl(OH)(18-crown-6)(CH3CN)2]+, in which the vanadium atom is octahedrally coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of the acetonitrile molecules in trans positions, by a chlorine atom and a hydroxyl group in cis position, and by two oxygen atoms of the crown ether molecule. One of the acetonitrile molecules forms weak hydrogen bridges with two oxygen atoms of the included crown ether molecule as well as with one chlorine atom of the SbCl6
- ion.
Synthese und struktureller Vergleich einiger TeIlur(IV)-Iminate / Syntheses and Structural Comparison of Some Tellurium(IV) Iminates
Authors: Münzenberg Jörg , Roesky Herbert W. , Noltemeyer Mathias , Besser Susanne , Herbst-Irmer Regine 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Te-N compounds with Ph2SN and Ph2CN ligands were synthesized by treating TeCl4, TeF4, and ArTeCl3 (Ar = p-MeOC6H4) with the corresponding silylated ligand precursors 1 and 5. The 125Te NMR spectra of the compounds Cl3TeNSPh2 2, Cl2Te(NSPh2)2 3, ArTe(Cl2)NSPh2 4, Cl2Te(NCPh2)2 6, F2Te(NCPh2)2 7 and ArTe(Cl2)NCPh2 8 have been determined. The X-ray structures of the compounds 2 · Pyridin, 3 and 8 show Cl-bridged dimers in the solid state, while 6 and 7 · 0.5 MeCN are monomeric. In the diphenylsulfiminates 2 · Pyridin and 3 short Te-N bond distances are found.
Notizen: Synthese und Kristallstruktur des Diethylaminogallan-Dimers, (H2GaN(CH2CH3)2]2 / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Diethylaminogallane Dimer, [H2GaN(CH2CH3)2]2
Authors: Lorberth Jörg , Dorn Reiner , Massa Werner , Wocadlo Sigrid 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The title compound was prepared by reacting gallane etherate H3Ga · OEt2 at -40 °C in Et2O with diethylamine upon warming to room temperature for several hours. It forms white crystals from ether solution which were identified by X-ray structure determination. Space group C 2/c, Z = 4; 930 observed unique reflections, R/wR = 0.0482/0.0450. Lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 1292.9(3), b = 721.1(2), c = 1443.1(2) pm; β = 92.81(2)°. The structure reveals a centrosymmetric dimeric molecule with a planar square (GaN)2 fourmembered ring: average distance Ga - N = 201.7 pm, Ga ··· Ga 284.5(2) pm.
Synthese, Charakterisierung und Untersuchung der Verbindungen Hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borato-technetium(VII)- trioxid und Hydrotris (3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borato-technetium(VII)trioxid, LX. Mitteilung+ / Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borato-technetium(VII) Trioxide and Hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borato-technetium(VII) Trioxide
Authors: Joachim Jürgen E. , Apostolidis Christos , Kanellakopulos Basil , Maier Ralf , Ziegler Manfred L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The compounds [HB(Pz)3]TcO3 and [HB(3,5-Me2Pz)3]TcO3 were synthesized by reaction of Tc2O7 with K[HB(Pz)3] and Na[HB(3,5-Me2Pz)3] in THF. The IR, 1H NMR, UV, EI-MS spectroscopic data are reported and discussed.
Headspace Constituents of Shellac
Authors: Buchbauer Gerhard , Jirovetz Leopold , Wasicky Michael , Nikiforov Alexej 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
By headspace analysis of the CO2-extract of shellac 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one (29.57%), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (16.66%) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (15.41%) could be identified as main constituents, as well as nearly forty hitherto unknown minor constituents (hydro­carbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids and mainly C4-C8-esters). This investigation was car­ried out using GC-FID, GC-FTIR-MS and GC-Sniffing-Technique.
Synthesis and structural characterization of two copper(II) complexes with 3-(4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylprop- 2-en-1-one ligands
Authors: Wang Gao-Feng 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The synthesis of two new copper(II) complexes with benzimidazole type ligands, Cu(tta)2(L

1
)2 (1) and Cu(tta)2(L

1
) (2) (where L

1
is 3-(4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-4-methoxy phenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one; tta is 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate), are reported. Their structures have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The copper(II) ion of 1 is in a distorted octahedral environment, while that of 2 is in a distorted square-pyramidal environment. In both cases, the donor atoms are provided by oxygen atoms of the tta ligands and nitrogen atoms of the L

1
ligands.
An operationally simple green procedure for the synthesis of dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinetriones using CuI nanoparticles as a highly efficient catalyst
Authors: Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Afsharpour Maryam 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A green, efficient and simple protocol was developed for the synthesis of dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinetrione derivatives via a coupling reaction of 6-aminouracils, aromatic aldehydes and urea in aqueous media in the presence of nano-crystalline CuI at room temperature. The products were obtained in high yields. CuI nanoparticles can be recycled three times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Clinical characteristics and molecular genetic analysis of 22 patients with neonatal diabetes from the South-Eastern region of Turkey: predominance of non-KATP channel mutations
Authors: Demirbilek Huseyin , Arya Ved Bhushan , Ozbek Mehmet Nuri , Houghton Jayne A L , Baran Riza Taner , Akar Melek , Tekes Selahattin , Tuzun Heybet , Mackay Deborah J , Flanagan Sarah E , Hattersley Andrew T , Ellard Sian , Hussain Khalid 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundNeonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of monogenic diabetes and usually presents in the first 6 months of life. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and molecular genetics of a large Turkish cohort of NDM patients from a single centre and estimate an annual incidence rate of NDM in South-Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey.Design and methodsNDM patients presenting to Diyarbakir Children State Hospital between 2010 and 2013, and patients under follow-up with presumed type 1 diabetes mellitus, with onset before 6 months of age were recruited. Molecular genetic analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty-two patients (59% males) were diagnosed with NDM (TNDM-5; PNDM-17). Molecular genetic analysis identified a mutation in 20 (95%) patients who had undergone a mutation analysis. In transient neonatal diabetes (TNDM) patients, the genetic cause included chromosome 6q24 abnormalities (n=3),ABCC8(n=1) and homozygousINS(n=1). In permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM) patients, homozygousGCK(n=6),EIF2AK3(n=3),PTF1A(n=3), andINS(n=1) and heterozygousKCNJ11(n=2) mutations were identified. Pancreatic exocrine dysfunction was observed in patients with mutations in the distalPTF1Aenhancer. Both patients with aKCNJ11mutation responded to oral sulphonylurea. A variable phenotype was associated with the homozygous c.-331C>AINSmutation, which was identified in both a PNDM and TNDM patient. The annual incidence of PNDM in South-East Anatolian region of Turkey was one in 48 000 live births.ConclusionsHomozygous mutations inGCK,EIF2AK3and the distal enhancer region ofPTF1Awere the commonest causes of NDM in our cohort. The high rate of detection of a mutation likely reflects the contribution of new genetic techniques (targeted next-generation sequencing) and increased consanguinity within our cohort.
Macroprolactinaemia: a biological diagnostic strategy from the study of 222 patients
Authors: Parlant-Pinet Lucile , Harthé Catherine , Roucher Florence , Morel Yves , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Raverot Gérald , Raverot Véronique 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesGel filtration chromatography (GFC), the gold standard for macroprolactinaemia (MPRL) diagnosis, is a slow, costly and labour-intensive method. To limit the number of GFC required, we evaluated two screening tests for MPRL: prolactin (PRL) recovery after polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and PRL concentration ratio, derived from two assays, each having different big-big-PRL cross-reactivities.In some patients, MPRL is characterised by clinical symptoms which can be associated with an excess of monomeric PRL. We compared the monomeric PRL concentration obtained from GFC with the PRL concentration i) on a cobas e 601 analyser and ii) in the supernatant after PEG precipitation.Design and methodsWe studied hyperprolactinaemic sera subjected to physician-ordered GFC, between February 2013 and July 2014. We performed PEG precipitation (to evaluate the PRL concentration and rate of recovery in the supernatant) and two PRL assays: RIA and electrochemiluminescent assay (ECLIA), on a Roche cobas e 601 analyser, and calculated the RIA/ECLIA ratio.ResultsAmong the 222 sera, we were able to diagnose or exclude MPRL in 72.1% of cases, based solely on the ratio and/or recovery. In the remaining cases, GFC was necessary for making a diagnosis. Elevated monomeric PRL was present in 10.9% of macroprolactinaemic sera. In the case of MPRL, both PRL measurements on the cobas analyser and in the supernatant weakly correlated with monomeric PRL values obtained from GFC.ConclusionsThe combination of PEG and RIA/ECLIA ratio analysis reduced the number of necessary GFC. However, GFC is essential in MPRL cases to evaluate the monomeric PRL concentration.
Pathway-Based Factor Analysis of Gene Expression Data Produces Highly Heritable Phenotypes That Associate with Age
Authors: Anand Brown Andrew , Ding Zhihao , Viñuela Ana , Glass Dan , Parts Leopold , Spector Tim , Winn John , Durbin Richard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Statistical factor analysis methods have previously been used to remove noise components from high-dimensional data prior to genetic association mapping and, in a guided fashion, to summarize biologically relevant sources of variation. Here, we show how the derived factors summarizing pathway expression can be used to analyze the relationships between expression, heritability, and aging. We used skin gene expression data from 647 twins from the MuTHER Consortium and applied factor analysis to concisely summarize patterns of gene expression to remove broad confounding influences and to produce concise pathway-level phenotypes. We derived 930 “pathway phenotypes” that summarized patterns of variation across 186 KEGG pathways (five phenotypes per pathway). We identified 69 significant associations of age with phenotype from 57 distinct KEGG pathways at a stringent Bonferroni threshold (P&lt;5.38×10−5). These phenotypes are more heritable (h2=0.32) than gene expression levels. On average, expression levels of 16% of genes within these pathways are associated with age. Several significant pathways relate to metabolizing sugars and fatty acids; others relate to insulin signaling. We have demonstrated that factor analysis methods combined with biological knowledge can produce more reliable phenotypes with less stochastic noise than the individual gene expression levels, which increases our power to discover biologically relevant associations. These phenotypes could also be applied to discover associations with other environmental factors.
Cardiac Biomarkers and Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bucholz Emily M. , Whitlock Richard P. , Zappitelli Michael , Devarajan Prasad , Eikelboom John , Garg Amit X. , Philbrook Heather Thiessen , Devereaux Philip J. , Krawczeski Catherine D. , Kavsak Peter , Shortt Colleen , Parikh Chirag R. ,   for the TRIBE-AKI Consortium
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVES:
To examine the relationship of cardiac biomarkers with postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) among pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
Data from TRIBE-AKI, a prospective study of children undergoing cardiac surgery, were used to examine the association of cardiac biomarkers (N-type pro–B-type natriuretic peptide, creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], heart-type fatty acid binding protein [h-FABP], and troponins I and T) with the development of postoperative AKI. Cardiac biomarkers were collected before and 0 to 6 hours after surgery. AKI was defined as a ≥50% or 0.3 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine, within 7 days of surgery.

RESULTS:
Of the 106 patients included in this study, 55 (52%) developed AKI after cardiac surgery. Patients who developed AKI had higher median levels of pre- and postoperative cardiac biomarkers compared with patients without AKI (all P &lt; .01). Preoperatively, higher levels of CK-MB and h-FABP were associated with increased odds of developing AKI (CK-MB: adjusted odds ratio 4.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56–13.41; h-FABP: adjusted odds ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.27–6.03). When combined with clinical models, both preoperative CK-MB and h-FABP provided good discrimination (area under the curve 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87, and 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.87, respectively) and improved reclassification indices. Cardiac biomarkers collected postoperatively did not significantly improve the prediction of AKI beyond clinical models.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative CK-MB and h-FABP are associated with increased risk of postoperative AKI and provide good discrimination of patients who develop AKI. These biomarkers may be useful for risk stratifying patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Retinal Microvasculature and Cardiovascular Health in Childhood
Authors: Gishti Olta , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Felix Janine F. , Klaver Caroline C.W. , Hofman Albert , Wong Tien Yin , Ikram Mohammad Kamran , Gaillard Romy 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Alterations in retinal microvasculature are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We examined the associations of retinal vessel caliber with cardiovascular markers in school-age children.

METHODS:
Among 4007 school-age children (median age of 6.0 years), we measured cardiovascular markers and retinal vessel calibers from digitized retinal photographs.

RESULTS:
Narrower retinal arteriolar caliber was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−0.20 SD score [SDS] [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.24 to −0.18] and −0.14 SDS [−0.17 to −0.11], respectively, per SDS increase in retinal arteriolar caliber), mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure, but not with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, heart rate, cardiac output, or left ventricular mass. A wider retinal venular caliber was associated with lower systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure and higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity difference = 0.04 SDS [95% CI 0.01 to 0.07] per SDS increase in retinal venular caliber). Both narrower retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were associated with higher risk of hypertension at the age of 6 years, with the strongest association for retinal arteriolar caliber (odds ratio 1.35 [95% CI 1.21 to 1.45] per SDS decrease in arteriolar caliber). Adjustment for parental and infant sociodemographic factors did not influence the observed associations.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both retinal arteriolar and venular calibers are associated with blood pressure in school-age children, whereas retinal venular caliber is associated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Microvascular adaptations in childhood might influence cardiovascular health and disease from childhood onward.
Internacionalización, desarrollo y gestión pública territorial. Experiencias en Colombia
Authors: Jiménez William Guillermo 
Published: March 2015

Las dinámicas actuales generadas por la globalización insertan cada vez más nuevos actores en el concierto internacional, en especial a los gobiernos subnacionales o territoriales. Tal fenómeno ofrece nuevos desafíos, amenazas y oportunidades para que dichos gobiernos incorporen modalidades de internacionalización tales como la participación en redes, la cooperación descentralizada y el marketing territorial, entre otras. El objetivo del artículo es caracterizar los procesos de internacionalización que están desarrollando algunos gobiernos territoriales, con el ánimo de obtener conocimiento potencialmente aplicable a otros contextos. Se utiliza un enfoque metodológico predominantemente cualitativo para analizar tres experiencias de internacionalización territorial, recurriendo a fuentes de información tanto primarias como secundarias; se usan las técnicas de la entrevista, la observación directa y la revisión documental. De este modo, se concluye que a) la internacionalización territorial es un proceso reciente, en el que sigue jugado un papel importante el nivel nacional; b) dichos procesos han sido acogidos con mayor facilidad en ciudades capitales o en departamentos con mayor capacidad institucional, pero en general se constata un incipiente desarrollo en el conjunto del país; c) la modalidad más desarrollada es la cooperación internacional, seguida del marketing territorial, y la menos usada es la inserción en redes; d) algunas modalidades requieren mayores niveles de complejidad y desarrollo territorial que otras, y e) existen algunos obstáculos, así como ciertas enseñanzas que se podrían tener en cuenta para la gestión pública de futuros procesos de internacionalización.
Identificación de indicadores relevantes del desempeño RSE mediante la utilización de técnicas multicriterio
Authors: De la Cuesta González Marta , Pardo Herrasti Eva , Paredes Gázquez Juan Diego 
Published: March 2015

Uno de los principios básicos de la gestión e información reportada en materia de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) es que se centre en los aspectos relevantes para la sociedad. Adicionalmente, la necesidad de realizar comparaciones entre empresas exige un esfuerzo sintetizador en la rendición de cuentas en RSE. Este trabajo se centra en la aplicación de técnicas de decisión multicriterio, concretamente procesos analíticos jerárquicos, para ofrecer una herramienta que permita medir el desempeño de RSE, con base en aquellos aspectos que son relevantes y materiales para empresas y stakeholders conjuntamente, en un contexto y sociedad determinados. El artículo explica cómo se aplicó la metodología de proceso de análisis jerárquico a una muestra de 10 sujetos (6 empresas españolas y 4 organizaciones de la sociedad civil española) en la selección de los indicadores materiales en el reporte de RSE y los resultados alcanzados. Se identificaron 60 indicadores distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones: medioambiente, economía, gobierno corporativo y social. Esta última dimensión concentra el mayor número de indicadores y mezcla impactos sobre diferentes grupos de interés, por lo que es dividida en cuatro subdimensiones (recursos humanos, derechos humanos, responsabilidad del producto y sociedad), con el objeto de discernir con mayor detalle su complejidad.
Interdependencia de Mercados y Transmisión de Volatilidad en Latinoamérica
Authors: Valenzuela Gabriel , Rodríguez Arturo 
Published: March 2015

El mayor acceso a mercados financieros foráneos ha influido en una mayor interrelación entre ellos, evidenciado en la existencia de comovimiento en las mayores plazas bursátiles del mundo. En este trabajo, exploramos la existencia de interdependencia entre las seis principales plazas bursátiles de Latinoamerica y Estados Unidos, enfocándonos en la volatilidad de los retornos accionarios. Mediante utilización de modelos VECM y Descomposición de Varianza, se encuentra evidencia de trasmisión de volatilidad, la cual varía en el tiempo, según análisis del tipo rolling.
Dynamic stiffness method for free vibrations analysis of partial fluid-filled orthotropic circular cylindrical shells
Authors: Thinh Tran Ich , Cuong Nguyen Manh , Hien Vu Quoc 
Published: March 2015

Free vibrations of partial fluid-filled orthotropic circular cylindrical shells are investigated using the Dynamic Stiffness Method (DSM) or Continuous Element Method (CEM) based on theFirst Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) and non-viscous incompressible fluid equations. Numerical examples are given for analyzing natural frequencies and harmonic responses of cylindrical shells partially and completely filled with fluid under various boundary conditions. The vibration frequencies for different filling ratios of cylindrical shells are obtained and compared with existing experimental and theoretical results which indicate that the fluid filling can reduce significantly the natural frequencies of studiedcylindrical shells. Detailed parametric analysis is carried out to show the effects of some geometrical and material parameters on the natural frequencies of orthotropic cylindrical shells. The advantages of this current solution consist in fast convergence, low computational cost and high precision validating for all frequency ranges.
An approximate secular equation of Rayleigh waves in an elastic half-space coated by a thin weakly inhomogeneous elastic layer
Authors: Vinh Pham Chi , Anh Vu Thi Ngoc 
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous isotropic elastic half-space coated with a thin weakly inhomogeneous isotropic elastic layer is investigated. The material parameters of the layer is assumed to depend arbitrarily continuously on the thickness variable. The contact between the layer and the half space is perfectly bonded. The main purpose of the paper is to establish an approximate secular equation of the wave. By applying the effective boundary condition method an approximate secular equation of second order in terms of the dimensionless thickness of the layer is derived. It is shown that the obtained approximate secular equation has good accuracy.
Continuidade e ruptura em O Antigo Regime e a revolução: o problema da centralização administrativa
Authors: De Oliveira Josemar Machado 
Published: March 2015

Trata o presente artigo de uma análise da obra de Alexis de Tocqueville, centrada em sua visão da Revolução Francesa. Dividimos o artigo em duas partes. Na primeira parte, intitulada “Tocqueville e a história da Revolução: algumas questões de método”, procuramos abordar sua metodologia inovadora, sua abordagem de longa duração do processo histórico, sendo o papel da Revolução Francesa nesse processo mais de continuidade do que de ruptura. Na segunda parte, intitulada “Centralização e Revolução: continuidade e ruptura”, abordamos o elemento essencial desse processo estrutural que foi a centralização administrativa do estado francês.