bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rasburicase in the prevention of laboratory/clinical tumour lysis syndrome in children with advanced mature B‐NHL: a Children's Oncology Group Report
Authors: Galardy Paul J. , Hochberg Jessica , Perkins Sherrie L. , Harrison Lauren , Goldman Stanton , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryLaboratory (LTLS) and clinical (CTLS) tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) are frequent complications in newly diagnosed children with advanced mature B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL). Rasburicase, compared to allopurinol, results in more rapid reduction of uric acid in paediatric patients at risk for TLS. However, the safety and efficacy of rasburicase for the treatment or or prevention of TLS has not been prospectively evaluated. Children with newly diagnosed stage III‐IV, bone marrow+ and/or central nervous system+ mature B‐NHL received hydration and rasburicase prior to cytoreductive therapy. Rasburicase was safe and well‐tolerated and there were no grade III–IV toxicities probably or directly related to rasburicase. Patients with an initial lactate dehydrogenase ≥2× upper limit of normal had a significantly elevated uric acid level (P = 0·005), increased incidence of TLS (P−0·005) and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR; P < 0·001). Following rasburicase, there was only a 9% and 5% incidence of LTLS and CTLS, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in estimated GFR from Day 0 to Day 7 following rasburicase (P = 0·0007) and only 1·3% of patients required new onset renal assisted support after rasburicase administration. A TLS strategy incorporating rasburicase prior to cytoreductive chemotherapy proved safe and effective in preventing new onset renal failure and was associated with a significant improvement in GFR.
Cholinergic interactions between donepezil and prucalopride in human colon: potential to treat severe intestinal dysmotility
Authors: Broad J , Kung V W S , Boundouki G , Aziz Q , De Maeyer J H , Knowles C H , Sanger G J 
Published: September 2013

Background and PurposeCholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine are used for acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction, but cardio‐bronchial side‐effects limit use. To minimize side‐effects, lower doses could be combined with a 5‐HT4 receptor agonist, which also facilitates intestinal cholinergic activity. However, safety concerns, especially in the elderly, require drugs with good selectivity of action. These include the AChE inhibitor donepezil (used for Alzheimer's disease, with reduced cardio‐bronchial liability) and prucalopride, the first selective, clinically available 5‐HT4 receptor agonist. This study examined their individual and potential synergistic activities in human colon.Experimental ApproachNeuronally mediated muscle contractions and relaxations of human colon were evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and defined phenotypically as cholinergic, nitrergic or tachykinergic using pharmacological tools; the effects of drugs were determined as changes in ‘area under the curve’.Key ResultsPrucalopride increased cholinergically mediated contractions (EC50 855 nM; 33% maximum increase), consistent with its ability to stimulate intestinal motility; donepezil (477%) and neostigmine (2326%) had greater efficacy. Concentrations of donepezil (30–100 nM) found in venous plasma after therapeutic doses had minimal ability to enhance cholinergic activity. However, donepezil (30 nM) together with prucalopride (3, 10 μM) markedly increased EFS‐evoked contractions compared with prucalopride alone (P = 0.04). For example, the increases observed with donepezil and prucalopride 10 μM together or alone were, respectively, 105 ± 35%, 4 ± 6% and 35 ± 21% (n = 3–7, each concentration).Conclusions and ImplicationsPotential synergy between prucalopride and donepezil activity calls for exploration of this combination as a safer, more effective treatment of colonic pseudo‐obstruction.
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: a new technique for completion proctectomy
Authors: Liyanage C. , Ramwell A. , Harris G. J. , Levy B. F. , Simson J. N. L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimFollowing subtotal colectomy, the retained rectal stump is a potential source of morbidity. Although restorative ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis is the gold standard for ulcerative colitis, up to 14% of patients will opt for a permanent ileostomy and undergo completion proctectomy, traditionally by an abdomino‐perineal approach, which itself carries significant morbidity. We describe a new technique of perineal proctectomy using transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEMS) equipment. To our knowledge, this technique has not previously been described in the literature.MethodTwelve patients, mean (SD) age 66 (±13) years, underwent TEMS proctectomy, performed by a single surgeon between January 2007 and October 2011. Excision began with an intersphincteric dissection following which the TEMS (WOLF) proctoscope was inserted and close rectal dissection was performed, entering the peritoneal cavity (if the top of the stump was intraperitoneal). Following perineal extraction of the specimen, the external sphincter and skin were closed with an absorbable suture.ResultsNine patients had inflammatory bowel disease, two had neoplasia and one had intractable radiation proctitis. The mean (SD) rectal stump length was 17.8 (±6.1) cm and the peritoneal cavity was entered in nine patients, with no small‐bowel injury. The median postoperative hospital stay was 5.5 days. In four patients there was delayed healing of the perineal wound. There was no perioperative mortality.ConclusionTEMS perineal proctectomy is a novel, but safe, technique that may avoid the need for a traditional abdominoperineal approach in selected patients.
Estimation of muscle atrophy based on muscle thickness in knee surgery patients
Authors: Hioki Maya , Furukawa Takemitsu , Akima Hiroshi 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to establish an accurate estimation of muscle atrophy in the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle group. Eighteen individuals who underwent meniscectomy participated in the study (nine men and nine women, mean age 44·4 years). Both operated and non‐operated thighs were scanned by magnetic resonance imaging to determine the volume and thickness of the QF muscle group. Muscle volume was estimated using eleven axial images, and muscle thickness was measured at the anterior, lateral and medial regions of the proximal, mid‐ and distal thigh, respectively. A stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to obtain the relationship between the difference in muscle volume and the difference in muscle thickness between operated and non‐operated limbs. There was no significant difference in muscle volume of the QF between operated (806·6 ± 220·0 cm3) and non‐operated (913·7 ± 241·5 cm3) limbs. Based on the stepwise linear regression analysis, the difference in muscle volume was significantly correlated with the difference in muscle thickness at the anterior proximal thigh and lateral mid‐thigh and anterior mid‐thigh (R = 0·93, P<0·01). In conclusion, the difference in muscle volume between operated and non‐operated limbs can be estimated accurately by measuring muscle thickness of the QF at three sites: the anterior proximal thigh, the lateral mid‐thigh and anterior mid‐thigh. Muscle thickness can be measured easily using imaging techniques such as ultrasonography. We propose that this method provides an easy and accurate estimate of knee surgery‐induced muscle atrophy in clinical medicine.
Hypocalcemia immediately after renal transplantation
Authors: Nobata Hironobu , Tominaga Yoshihiro , Imai Hirokazu , Uchida Kazuharu 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundAfter renal transplantation (RTX), hypercalcemia, mainly due to persistent hyperparathyroidism, and hypophosphatemia, caused by the improved ability to excrete phosphorus in the renal tubules, are expected. However, immediately after RTX, a transient reduction in serum calcium (Ca) levels has been previously reported, the reason for which is not clear.Patients and MethodsIn 21 patients receiving ABO compatible living donor kidney transplants, serum levels of Ca, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, and tacrolimus were measured within three wk after RTX, along with urinary Ca and phosphorus excretion. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of a three‐drug combination including a glucocorticoid, a calcineurin inhibitor, and an antimetabolite agent.ResultsSerum Ca levels declined significantly during the first post‐operative week. Urinary Ca excretion increased immediately after RTX and gradually normalized. Increased urinary Ca excretion did not correlate with serum levels of iPTH and tacrolimus.ConclusionsImmediately after RTX, regardless of serum iPTH and tacrolimus levels, transient increases in urinary Ca excretion and hypocalcemia were observed. Administration of glucocorticoids is one potential cause of inappropriate urinary Ca wasting.
Value of Impedance Cardiography during 6‐Minute Walk Test in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Tonelli Adriano R. , Alkukhun Laith , Arelli Vineesha , Ramos José , Newman Jennie , McCarthy Kevin , Pichurko Bohdan , Minai Omar A. , Dweik Raed A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundMethods that predict prognosis and response to therapy in pulmonary hypertension (PH) are lacking. We tested whether the noninvasive estimation of hemodynamic parameters during 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) in PH patients provides information that can improve the value of the test.MethodsWe estimated hemodynamic parameters during the 6MWT using a portable, signal‐morphology‐based, impedance cardiograph (PhysioFlow Enduro) with real‐time wireless monitoring via a bluetooth USB adapter.ResultsWe recruited 48 subjects in the study (30 with PH and 18 healthy controls). PH patients had significantly lower maximum stroke volume (SV) and CI and slower cardiac output (CO) acceleration and decelerations slopes during the test when compared with healthy controls. In PH patients, CI change was associated with total distance walked (R = 0.62; P < 0.001) and percentage of predicted (R = 0.4, P = 0.03), HR recovery at 1 minute (0.57, P < 0.001), 2 minutes (0.65, P < 0.001), and 3 minutes (0.66, P < 0.001). Interestingly, in PH patients CO change during the test was predominantly related to an increase in SV instead of HR.ConclusionsEstimation of hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac index during 6‐minute walk test is feasible and may provide useful information in patients with PH. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume #: 1–7
Ontario freshwater fishes demonstrate differing range‐boundary shifts in a warming climate
Authors: Alofs Karen M. , Jackson Donald A. , Lester Nigel P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimNortherly shifts, related to recent climate warming, have been observed in the distributions of taxa in many ecosystems and ecological roles. However, significant variation occurs among species in the magnitude of these shifts. Few studies have investigated the effects of climate warming on the distributions of freshwater species.LocationA total of 1527 lakes across Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe used contemporary and historical survey data to examine the relationships between species occurrences and climate and to measure the magnitude and direction of northern range‐boundary shifts in 13 warm and coolwater freshwater fishes. We also tested whether range‐boundary shifts differed between baitfishes and sportfishes. We then related differences in species range‐boundary shifts to species traits including those related to dispersal, reproduction and ecological niche breadth.ResultsMany fishes are now more likely to occur in lakes where climate was historically limiting. Sportfish northern range boundaries shifted northward significantly over nearly 30 years at a rate of approximately 12.9–17.5 km per decade depending on the measure used; in contrast, baitfish northern range boundaries often shifted southward. Also, species traits explained much of the variation in species range boundaries.Main conclusionsThe northern range boundaries of warm and coolwater sportfishes in Ontario lakes appear to be shifting northward as expected based on observed climate warming. These species are shifting at rates comparable with taxa in marine and terrestrial ecosystems around the globe. In contrast to expectations, the northern range boundaries of small‐bodied baitfishes appear to often contract southward. Differences in range shifts by sportfishes and baitfishes may be related to dispersal, particularly by anglers and/or their ecological roles. Understanding the range‐boundary shifts underway in Ontario lake communities will help predict future shifts by freshwater fishes.
The Ohio Hospital for Epileptics—The first “epilepsy colony” in America
Authors: Kissiov Djem , Dewall Taylor , Hermann Bruce 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis review examines the planning, development, and course of the first established colony for epilepsy in the United States—The Ohio Hospital for Epileptics. The events leading to the development of the colony, its early course, and the people who were instrumental in its establishment and maintenance are reviewed. At approximately the same time as the development of the Ohio Hospital for Epileptics, eugenics was gaining momentum in America, which affected epilepsy deeply. How this movement influenced thinking and practice at the Ohio Hospital is also reviewed.
Radiographic and radiological assessment of laminitis
Authors: Sherlock C. , Parks A. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryRadiographic studies are an essential component in evaluation of horses with laminitis. The standard radiographs that should be obtained to aid assessment of horses with laminitis are the lateromedial, horizontal dorsopalmar and dorsal 45° proximal palmarodistal oblique views. This article will summarise the assessment of these 3 projections in the laminitic horse as well as discuss the prognostic significance of common radiological abnormalities in horses with laminitis.
The effects of three‐month oral supplementation with a nutraceutical and exercise on the locomotor pattern of aged horses
Authors: Higler M. H. , Brommer H. , L'Ami J. J. , de Grauw J. C. , Nielen M. , van Weeren P. R. , Laverty S. , Barneveld A. , Back W. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyMultiplein vitrostudies assessing articular tissues have indicated that glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate may possess anti‐inflammatory effects, but little is known of their clinical effectsin vivo. Many old horses have stiff joints, which is likely to be attributable to inflammation and therapy with these nutraceutical compounds could improve joint function.ObjectivesTo assess the clinical effects of a mixed supplement on the improvement of stiff gait in aged horses.Study designRandomised, blinded, placebo‐controlled study.MethodsA group of 24 geriatric equids (age 29 ± 4 years; mean ± s.d.) received either 3 months oral supplementation with a test compound (containing glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and methyl sulfonyl methane), or a placebo. Kinematic outcome criteria (primary: stride length; secondary: carpal flexion, fore fetlock extension and tarsal range of motion) were objectively quantified on a treadmill at a walk and trot before and after treatment.ResultsStride length did not change significantly in the treated horses at the end of the trial. In the control group, carpal flexion and fore fetlock extension were significantly increased (P<0.05).ConclusionsThere were no indications of effect of the supplement on gait characteristics. The observations in the control group may have been due to a habituation or exercise effect. This study does not support the use of a glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate/methyl sulfonyl methane supplement to improve stiff gait in geriatric horses because of the lack of a sizeable effect. The significant changes in gait parameters in the control group may indicate the usefulness of exercise regimens in older horses.
Arterial oxygen tension and pulmonary ventilation in horses placed in theAndersonSling suspension system after a period of lateral recumbency and anaesthetised with constant rate infusions of romifidine and ketamine
Authors: François I. , Lalèyê F.‐X. , Micat M. , Benredouane K. , Portier K. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studySome controversy exists over whether or not horses' recovery and cardiopulmonary function are affected by suspension in slings.ObjectivesTo measure arterial oxygen tension and pulmonary ventilation in anaesthetised horses placed in a standing position in an Anderson Sling (AS) after a period of right lateral recumbency (RLR).Study designRandomised crossover experimental study.MethodsSix Standardbred horses were anaesthetised twice. Catheters were inserted into the right jugular vein and the left carotid artery. After premedication with romifidine, anaesthesia was induced with diazepam and ketamine. Following 50 min in RLR, horses were maintained in eitherRLRorASfor an additional 60 min through to recovery. Anaesthesia was maintained i.v. with a constant rate infusion of romifidine and ketamine. Heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, expiratory tidal volume, minute volumes and end tidalCO2were monitored continuously. Venous and arterial bloods were sampled for lactate concentration, creatine kinase activity and blood gas analysis before premedication, after induction, every 20 min for 100 min, as soon as the horse was standing (TR), and 24 h later. The data were averaged within 2 anaesthetic periods:P1, 0–20 min; andP2, 40–100 min.ResultsDuringP2, horses in theRLRgroup had lower arterial oxygen tension (P = 0.001), higher alveolar‐arterial oxygen tension gradient (P = 0.005), higher respiratory rate (P = 0.04) and higher minute volumes (P = 0.04) than horses in theASgroup. ArterialCO2tension and mean arterial pressure increased in theASgroup duringP2(P = 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). The recoveries were judged better in theASgroup than in theRLRgroup (P = 0.01). DuringTR, lactate were higher in theRLRgroup than in theASgroup (P = 0.007). Creatine kinase activities were higher in theASgroup at 24 h vs.TR(P = 0.02).ConclusionsAndersonSling suspension after a period of recumbency improves cardiopulmonary function and recovery quality in horses and therefore might be considered for use to recover hypoxic horses.
Do frogs bounce, and if so, by how much? Responses to the ‘Big Wet’ following the ‘Big Dry’ in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Mac Nally Ralph , Nerenberg Shana , Thomson James R. , Lada Hania , Clarke Rohan H. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimWe assessed the resistance and resilience of anuran amphibians to an abrupt change in weather conditions in 2010–12 (the ‘Big Wet’) following the most pronounced drought in eastern Australia's records (1997–2010, the ‘Big Dry’).LocationFive pairs of landscapes (each of 19.6 km2) spread across 30,000 km2 in temperate, inland Australia. One in each pair was eucalypt woodland while the other was cleared agricultural land; there were eight representative waterbodies in each landscape.MethodsWe collected data on anuran abundances, species richness and breeding by using aural surveys and visual searches. We surveyed six times during the austral winter–springs of 2006 and 2007 (the Big Dry) and six times in the corresponding seasons of 2011 and 2012 (the Big Wet); our results refer only to species breeding in the winter–spring season.ResultsMean species richness, total numbers of calling males and numbers of the five most common species of anurans increased in the Big Wet compared with the Big Dry, but the least common species did not. Proportions of waterbodies with eggs or tadpoles increased in the Big Wet, but the occurrence of eggs and tadpoles was still low (evidence of presence in < 50% of waterbodies). The most common species had relatively high resistance to the first 5 years of the Big Dry, but all declined sharply after a decade of drought. Four of the common species showed some resilience, but reporting rates fell much below the peak values prior to the Big Dry. There were virtually no records for seven other species that had been recorded previously in the region.Main conclusionsThe pressure of drying, warming climates, even when broken by shorter wet periods, seems to be sufficient to induce regional‐scale declines even among species that, from global analyses of risk factors, might be expected to be relatively immune from such effects.
Factors Influencing the Stream‐Aquifer Flow Exchange Coefficient
Authors: Morel‐Seytoux Hubert J. , Mehl Steffen , Morgado Kyle 
Published: September 2013

AbstractKnowledge of river gain from or loss to a hydraulically connected water table aquifer is crucial in issues of water rights and also when attempting to optimize conjunctive use of surface and ground waters. Typically in groundwater models this exchange flow is related to a difference in head between the river and some point in the aquifer, through a “coefficient.” This coefficient has been defined differently as well as the location for the head in the aquifer. This paper proposes a new coefficient, analytically derived, and a specific location for the point where the aquifer head is used in the difference. The dimensionless part of the coefficient is referred to as the SAFE (stream‐aquifer flow exchange) dimensionless conductance. The paper investigates the factors that influence the value of this new conductance. Among these factors are (1) the wetted perimeter of the cross‐section, (2) the degree of penetration of the cross‐section, and (3) the shape of the cross‐section. The study shows that these factors just listed are indeed ordered in their respective level of importance. In addition the study verifies that the analytical correct value of the coefficient is matched by finite difference simulation only if the grid system is sufficiently fine. Thus the use of the analytical value of the coefficient is an accurate and efficient alternative to ad hoc estimates for the coefficient typically used in finite difference and finite element methods.