bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast High‐Volumetric Sodium‐Ion Capacitors Based on Compact Nanoarchitectured Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Fang Yan , Li Li , Li Jinghan , Gan Yang , Du Jie , Li Jiaxin , Chen Xin , Pan Hui , Zhang Wang , Gu Jiajun , Zhang Di , Liu Qinglei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltrafast carbon electrodes with high‐volumetric capacities are crucial for the fast‐developing sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) but have rarely been achieved due to the negative correlation between electrode density and ion transport kinetics. Here, a top‐down strategy to achieve a compact carbon architecture with topological ion transport/diffusion pathways to address this obstacle is reported. The resulting freestanding carbon electrode exhibits a notable volumetric capacity of 242 mAh cm−3 at 0.05 A g−1 and unprecedented high‐rate capability of 107 mAh cm−3 at 50 A g−1. It achieves an optimal balance between energy density (60.2 Wh L−1) and power density (12859 W L−1) in a SIC device. The ultrafast and high‐volumetric performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of architecture‐enhanced rapid ion transport/diffusion and carbon nanostructure‐driven fast Na+ storage mechanisms involving adsorption/desorption, surface‐redox and solvated Na+ co‐intercalation reactions. The nanoarchitectured carbon electrodes show greatly improved Na+ diffusion coefficients throughout the potential range, resulting in an extremely short characteristic time (0.013 s) for fast Na+ storage.
Ultrahigh‐Rate On‐Paper PEDOT:PSS‐Ti2C Microsupercapacitors with Large Areal Capacitance
Authors: Xue Han , Huang Po‐Han , Göthelid Mats , Strömberg Axel , Niklaus Frank , Li Jiantong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe growing demands of sustainable, portable, and wearable electronics pose new demands on miniaturized energy storage devices that can be integrated on flexible substrates such as paper. Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), especially MXene‐based pseudocapacitive MSCs with fast charging/discharging rate, high power density, and long cycle life, are competitive candidates as power supply for emerging flexible and wearable on‐paper electronics. However, few studies have reported MXene‐based on‐paper MSCs to simultaneously attain ultrahigh‐rate (>1000 mV s−1) capability and large areal capacitance >10 mF cm−2. Herein, ultrafast metal‐free on‐paper MSCs are fabricated through leveraging the synergistic effect of conductive PEDOT:PSS and capacitive MXene (Ti2C) to achieve a remarkable areal capacitance of 30 mF cm−2 and long lifetime (>96% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles) at an ultrahigh scan rate of 1000 mV s−1, outperforming most of the present on‐paper or MXene‐containing MSCs. Moreover, the printed on‐paper metal‐free MSC arrays attain extended working voltage window of up to 6 V and outstanding capacitive performance at an ultrahigh scan rate of 10 V s−1. The on‐paper PEDOT:PSS‐Ti2C composite MSCs offer new opportunities as eco‐friendly microscale power sources for emerging paper‐based portable and wearable electronics.
Electrostatic Clutches Based on Ionomer Heterojunctions for Low‐Voltage Switching of Stiffness and Strength
Authors: Park Sehwan , Choi Yoon‐Je , So Soonyong , Kim Hyeong Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrostatic clutches offer electrically programmable control of system stiffness, providing significant advantages in various robotic and haptic applications. However, conventional dielectric‐based electrostatic clutches require high operating voltages, often surpassing several kilovolts, while most low‐voltage electro‐adhesives are unsuitable for electrostatic clutches due to their intrinsic tackiness, resulting in a low switching ratio and reversibility. Here, an electrostatic clutch based on ionomer heterojunctions on rigid electrodes, encased within soft elastomers, capable of switching the system stiffness more than 530‐fold at an operating voltage of just 1 V is presented. Under the reverse bias, the formation of an ionic double layer at the ionomer heterojunction interface enables strong electrostatic adhesion of stiff electrodes at low voltage, yet low tackiness of ionomers allows almost free sliding at the forward bias. The performance of these electrostatic clutches across various geometries and voltages based on the fracture mechanics model is explored. Within this framework, by adjusting the clutch compliance, a force capacity of 50 N cm−2, powered by a 1.5 V battery with an on/off ratio over 250 is achieved, outperforming the latest electrostatic clutches in operating voltage and switching ratio.
Selective and Bifunctional Catalytic Electrochemical Conversion of Organosulfide Molecule by High‐Entropy Carbides
Authors: Yang Wanlin , Xu Tongmin , Yang Chengkai , Fan Huarong , Sun Wenxuan , Ma Xinfeng , Wang Xin , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of high energy density Li‐organosulfur batteries is severely hampered by the slow redox kinetics and the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Reasonably designing new electrocatalysts to accelerate the electrochemical conversion of various intermediates is an effective strategy to overcome the above challenges. Specifically, high entropy metal carbides/nanofibers (Mn0.25Co0.25Ni0.25Cu0.25Fe2)C/CNFs (HEC/CNFs) are prepared by electrospinning method and applied in lithium‐phenyl tetrasulfide (Li‐PTS) batteries. The HEC composition, featuring multiple randomly dispersed metal elements, modulates its d‐band structure and expedites the redox reaction for polysulfides. Therefore, HEC as a bidirectional catalyst reduces the activation energy of the redox reaction and selectively regulates the improvement of the generation and decomposition of inorganic intermediates during the charge–discharge process. The HEC/CNFs/PTS electrodes have an initial theoretical specific capacity of 527 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, with a slow capacity decay rate of 0.078% per cycle, exceeding 500 cycles. More importantly, it can also maintain a theoretical specific capacity of 450 mAh g−1 under high surface loading conditions (PTS ≈ 4.8 mg cm−2) when applied to Li‐organosulfur pouch cells. This work demonstrates the bidirectional catalytic effect of HEC in Li‐PTS batteries and presents pathways for energy storage and conversion in various high entropy carbide materials.
A Liquid Metal Enabled Fluid Pumping in 3D Space
Authors: Xue Rui , Yang Ruizhe , Liu Weiyu , Guo Wenshang , Qu Zhihui , Wang Shuai , Ge Zhenyou , Song Chunlei , Ding Liang , Tao Ye , Ren Yukun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the main prerequisite for flow in microfluidic chips, micropumps have always been the core component of microfluidic systems. With the continuous development trend of the three dimensions and high integration for microfluidic systems in recent years, combining the characteristics of micro and drivable fluid flowing in 3D space is the current mainstream research goal in the functions of the micropumps. Here, based on the continuous electrowetting effect in a confined space of the Ga‐based liquid metal (LM), an LM driving micropump structure is proposed that enables fluid to be pumped up to 200 mm in height, which meets the major demands of microfluidic system working environments. The pumping mechanism is experimentally analyzed and demonstrated, as well as the working performance of the micropump under different output modes (continuous flow and pulsatile flow). The feasibility of this micropump is also verified through a fluid pumping experiment in complex shaped channels and a temperature management experiment in 3D space. This work is envisaged to expand the function and application area of the electric actuators driven by the Ga‐based LM and provide new support for micropumps in the 3D microfluidic chip system.
Engineering of Asymmetric Hollow Carbon Nanoparticles with Tunable Architecture via Flowable Colloidal Polymer‐Emulsion Assembly Strategy
Authors: Cai Jiayuan , Tian Yong , Wang Xiufang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAsymmetric hollow carbon (AHC) nanoparticles, celebrated for their distinctive external morphology, intricate internal topology, and exceptional carbon performance, are capturing significant attention. Nevertheless, exploring a universal emulsion assembling system to endow them with customizable architectures remains a formidable yet pending challenge. Interestingly, inspired by “plasticization”, a flowable colloidal polymer‐emulsion assembly strategy is first reported. It makes a striking debut of “dynamically growing‐like” AHC architectures, encompassing double‐headed mushroom, pleurotus eryngii, oyster mushroom, mushroom envelope, mushroom cap, and truffle‐shaped. This breakthrough creates an unprecedented “complete coverage” emulsion assembly mode, which surpasses the constraints of conventional “incomplete coverage” mode and infuses fresh vitality into the thriving nanoparticle‐library. More excitingly, it just is a brand‐new mechanism – the synergistic effect of plasticizing and swelling that flexibly manipulates the assembly between size‐variable emulsion droplet templates and flowable colloidal polymer, thereby successfully propelling the reversible architectural evolution. Remarkably, by skillfully integrating double‐headed mushroom‐shaped AHC nanoparticles with PEG and polyurethane sponge to engineer a composite adsorbent with reliable thermophysical property, it can offer a promising avenue for environmental governance. Generally, these cutting‐edge findings not only enrich the theory of emulsion assembly but also spark fresh inspiration for a vast spectrum of potential applications.
Advance of Near‐Infrared Emissive Carbon Dots in Diagnosis and Therapy: Synthesis, Luminescence, and Application
Authors: Hu Jing , Zheng Ziliang , Yang Yongzhen , Chen Lin , Kang Weiwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) with good optical properties, biocompatibility, easy functionalization, and small size have attracted more and more attention and laid a good foundation for their applications in the biomedicine field. CDs emitted in near‐infrared regions (NIR‐CDs) can achieve high penetration depth imaging and produce high cytotoxic substance for disease treatment. Therefore, NIR‐CDs are promising materials to realize high‐quality imaging‐guided diagnostic and therapeutic integration. This review first introduces the current mainstream synthesis methods of NIR‐CDs by “top–down” and “bottom–up”. Second, the luminescence modes of NIR‐CDs are introduced, and the luminescence mechanisms based on carbon core state, surface state, molecular state, and crosslinking enhanced emission are summarized. Third, the applications and principles of NIR‐CDs in imaging, drug delivery, and non‐invasive therapeutics are introduced from a view of diagnosis and therapy. Finally, their prospects and challenges in biomedical and biotechnological applications are outlined.
Revealing Mode Formation in Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum Metasurfaces via Near‐Field Optical Microscopy
Authors: Gölz Thorsten , Baù Enrico , Aigner Andreas , Mancini Andrea , Barkey Martin , Keilmann Fritz , Maier Stefan A. , Tittl Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotonic metasurfaces offer exceptional control over light at the nanoscale, facilitating applications spanning from biosensing, and nonlinear optics to photocatalysis. Many metasurfaces, especially resonant ones, rely on periodicity for the collective mode to form, which makes them subject to the influences of finite size effects, defects, and edge effects, which have considerable negative impact at the application level. These aspects are especially important for quasi‐bound state in the continuum (BIC) metasurfaces, for which the collective mode is highly sensitive to perturbations due to high‐quality factors and strong near‐field enhancement. Here, the mode formation in quasi‐BIC metasurfaces on the individual resonator level using scattering scanning near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM) in combination with a new image processing technique, is quantitatively investigated. It is found that the quasi‐BIC mode is formed at a minimum size of 10 × 10‐unit cells much smaller than expected from far‐field measurements. Furthermore, it is shown that the coupling direction of the resonators, defects and edge states have pronounced influence on the quasi‐BIC mode. This study serves as a link between the far‐field and near‐field responses of metasurfaces, offering crucial insights for optimizing spatial footprint and active area, holding promise for augmenting applications such as catalysis and biospectroscopy.
Bottom Contact Engineering for Ambient Fabrication of >25% Durable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Ligang , Zou Shibing , Zhang Kaicheng , Huang Peng , Dong Yuyan , Wang Jiarong , Fan Kezhou , Lam Man Yu , Wu Xiao , Cheng Wei , Tang Ruijia , Chen Wenhao , Liu Weiqing , Wong Kam Sing , Yan Keyou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe bottom contact in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is easy to cause deep trap states and severe instability issues, especially under maximum power point tracking (MPPT). In this study, sodium gluconate (SG) is employed to disperse tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and regulate the interface contact at the buried interface. The SG‐SnO2 electron transfer layer (ETL) enabled the deposition of pinhole‐free perovskite films in ambient air and improved interface contact by bridging effect. SG‐SnO2 PSCs achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.34% (certified as 25.17%) with a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) exceeding 1.19 V. The VOC loss is less than 0.34 V relative to the 1.53 eV bandgap, and the fill factor (FF) loss is only 2.02% due to the improved contact. The SG‐SnO2 PSCs retained around 90% of their initial PCEs after 1000 h operation (T90 = 1000 h), higher than T80 = 1000 h for the control SnO2 PSC. Microstructure analysis revealed that light‐induced degradation primarily occurred at the buried holes and grain boundaries and highlighted the importance of bottom‐contact engineering.
Stereoselective Construction of Trisubstituted 1,3‐Enynes via Aryl to Vinyl 1,4‐Palladium Migration
Authors: Lin Jie , Ma Juan , Wang Liandi , Wu Ping , Wu Kaikai , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed stereoselective olefinic C−H alkynylation of gem‐diarylsubstituted ethylenes with propargylic alcohols was achieved to access diverse unsymmetrical 1,3‐enynes. The regio‐ and stereoselectivities were established through a 1,4‐palladium migration from aryl to vinyl in the presence of 2‐FC6H4OH as additive. Mechanistic investigations suggest that cleavage of the olefinic C−H bond might not be involved in the rate‐determining step of the catalytic process.
Spin Current Generation at the Hybrid Ferromagnetic Metal/Organic Semiconductor Interface as Revealed by Multiple Magnetic Resonance Techniques
Authors: Takaishi Kohei , Tsutsumi Haruka , Matsuoka Hideto , Suzuki Takayuki , Kanemoto Katsuichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling the hybrid interface of ferromagnetic (FM) metal/organic semiconductor (OS) is critical for realizing efficient spin polarization transfers. Here, multilayer devices composed of FM metal and OS with extremely long spin relaxation time are prepared, for which the correlation between spin current properties and interfacial electronic states is investigated using multiple magnetic resonance techniques. These multilayer devices exhibit a narrower ferromagnetic resonance linewidth compared to FM single‐layer devices, despite generating spin currents by spin‐pumping, which challenges conventional understanding. This narrower linewidth results from the formation of hybrid electronic states at the FM/OS interface. The OS layer employed enables the detection of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals even in thin films, indicating that FM and OS spins mix across the hybrid interface and that the inflow of FM spins for spin current generation significantly increases the EPR linewidth. These findings highlight the importance of the interfacial design between FM metals and OSs for efficient spin current generation and pave the way for new explorations of hybrid interfacial electronic states.
Numerical simulations of particle concentration and size effects in a slurry bubble column with a CFD‐PBM coupled model
Authors: Shen Xiankun , Zhang Huahai , Jia Zhiyong , Guo Zhongshan , Wang Yuelin , Li Banghao , Shen Yongbin , Lan Xiaocheng , Wang Tiefeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe combined effects of particle concentration (0–20 vol%) and particle size on the hydrodynamics of a slurry bubble column were studied by computational fluid dynamics coupled with population balance model (CFD‐PBM) in a wide range of superficial gas velocity (0.02–0.20 m/s). This CFD‐PBM coupled model included multiple effects of particles, namely increased slurry viscosity, reduced drag force, promoted bubble coalescence, and attenuated liquid turbulence, among which turbulence attenuation was crucial. To quantify liquid turbulence attenuation, a mechanistic model was established by equating the energy dissipated by particle motion to the attenuated liquid turbulence energy calculated from turbulent energy spectrum. The turbulent energy dissipation rate was reduced by over 60% at a solid concentration of 20%. Using this model, the effects of particle concentration and particle size on overall gas holdup were well predicted. This model advanced our understanding of how particles affect the gas holdup in a slurry bubble column.
Enhanced selective hydrogenation of CO2 to CH4 on molybdenum carbide hollow sphere catalyst
Authors: Men Yu‐Long , Liu Peng , Cheng Dang‐Guo , Peng Chong , Zhao Yiyi , Pan Yun‐Xiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein, methane (CH4) production in carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation by hydrogen (H2) is enhanced by reducing surface carbon deposits on molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) hollow spheres. When surface carbon deposits present on Mo2C hollow spheres, CO2 conversion is 9.9%, and CO and CH4 are both produced from CO2 hydrogenation, with CO and CH4 selectivity of 58.4% and 41.6%, respectively. When surface carbon deposits absent on Mo2C hollow spheres, CO2 conversion increases to 18.6%, and CO2 hydrogenation to CH4 is enhanced, with a 100% CH4 selectivity. Reducing surface carbon deposits on Mo2C hollow spheres changes the CO2 adsorbed on Mo2C hollow spheres from a monodentate structure to a bidentate structure which prefers to undergo hydrogenation to CH4, thus enhancing CH4 formation from CO2 hydrogenation. These results open a new way to fabricate more efficient noble‐metal‐free catalysts for selective CO2 hydrogenation.
Multiple Acyl‐Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency Is Associated with Sertraline Use – Is There an Acquired Form?
Authors: Sunebo Sofie , Appelqvist Hanna , Häggqvist Bo , Danielsson Olof 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveMultiple acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a disorder of fatty acid oxidation and considered an inborn error of metabolism. In recent years, we have diagnosed an increasing number of patients where, despite extensive investigation, no disease‐causing mutations have been found. We therefore investigated a cohort of consecutive patients, with the objective to detect possible non‐genetic causes.MethodsWe searched the patient records and the registry of muscle biopsies, for patients with MADD, diagnosed within the past 10 years. The patient records were reviewed regarding symptoms, clinical findings, comorbidities, drugs, diagnostic investigations, and response to treatment. In addition, complementary investigations of muscle tissue were performed.ResultsWe identified 9 patients diagnosed with late‐onset MADD. All presented with muscle weakness and elevated levels of creatine kinase. A lipid storage myopathy was evident in the muscle biopsies, as was elevated acylcarnitines in blood. Despite thorough genetic investigations, a probable genetic cause was found in only 2 patients. Remarkably, all 7 patients without disease‐causing mutations were treated with sertraline. In some cases, a deterioration of symptoms closely followed dose increase, and discontinuation resulted in an improved acylcarnitine profile. All 9 patients responded to riboflavin treatment with normalization of creatine kinase and muscle biopsy findings, and in 8 patients the clinical symptoms clearly improved.InterpretationOur findings strongly suggest that sertraline may induce an acquired form of MADD in some patients. Importantly, riboflavin treatment seems to be similarly effective as in genetic MADD, but discontinuation of sertraline is reasonably warranted. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:802–811
High‐Entropy‐Inspired Multicomponent Electrical Double Layer Structure Design for Stable Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Huang Cong , Zhu Dejian , Zhao Xin , Hao Yisu , Yang Yujie , Qian Yang , Chang Ge , Tang Qunli , Hu Aiping , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRegulating the electrical double layer (EDL) structure can enhance the cycling stability of Zn metal anodes, however, the effectiveness of this strategy is significantly limited by individual additives. Inspired by the high‐entropy (HE) concept, we developed a multicomponent (MC) EDL structure composed of La3+, Cl−, and BBI anions by adding dibenzenesulfonimide (BBI) and LaCl3 additives into ZnSO4 electrolytes (BBI/LaCl3/ZnSO4). Specifically, La3+ ions accumulate within EDL to shield the net charges on the Zn surface, allowing more BBI anions and Cl− ions to enter this region. Consequently, this unique MC EDL enables Zn anodes to simultaneously achieve uniform electric field, robust SEI layer, and balanced reaction kinetics. Moreover, the synergistic parameter – a novel descriptor for quantifying collaborative improvement – was first proposed to demonstrates the synergistic effect between BBI and LaCl3 additives. Benefitting from these advantages, Zn metal anodes achieved a high reversibility of 99.5 % at a depth of discharge (DoD) of 51.3 %, and Zn|MnO2 pouch cells exhibited a stable cycle life of 100 cycles at a low N/P ratio of 2.9.
Selective Hydroboration of C−C Single Bonds without Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Li Sida , Hu Chaopeng , Leo Liu Liu , Wu Lipeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelective hydroboration of C−C single bonds presents a fundamental challenge in the chemical industry. Previously, only catalytic systems utilizing precious metals Ir and Rh, in conjunction with N‐ and P‐ ligands, could achieve this, ensuring bond cleavage and selectivity. In sharp contrast, we discovered an unprecedented and general transition‐metal‐free system for the hydroboration of C−C single bonds. This methodology is transition‐metal and ligand‐free and surpasses the transition‐metal systems regarding chemo‐ and regioselectivities, substrate versatility, or yields. In addition, our system tolerates various functional groups such as Ar−X (X=halides), heterocyclic rings, ketones, esters, amides, nitro, nitriles, and C=C double bonds, which are typically susceptible to hydroboration in the presence of transition metals. As a result, a diverse range of γ‐boronated amines with varied structures and functions has been readily obtained. Experimental mechanistic studies, density functional theory (DFT), and intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) calculations unveiled a hydroborane‐promoted C−C bond cleavage and hydride‐shift reaction pathway. The carbonyl group of the amide suppresses dehydrogenation between the free N−H and hydroborane. The lone pair on the nitrogen of the amide facilitates the cleavage of C−C bonds in cyclopropanes.