bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mt. Vinson and the evolution of US policy on Antarctic mountaineering, 1960–1966
Authors: Evans John , Smith Philip M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe full extent of the height and scale of the Sentinel Range, Antarctica, was not known until reconnaissance flights and scientific traverses in the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1957–1958. These explorations revealed the range to be twenty miles in length, with a large number of high peaks culminating in Mt. Vinson, the highest on the Antarctic continent at nearly 4900 meters. The discoveries captured the interest of the U.S. and world mountaineering communities setting off a competition to achieve the first climb of Vinson. The challenge was tempered only by the range's remoteness from the coast of Antarctica and the formidable logistics of mounting a mountaineering expedition. The US which had the most advanced ski-equipped cargo aircraft, had an established post-IGY policy that prohibited adventure expeditions that could divert logistic resources from the scientific programme. This paper discusses Mt. Vinson competition within the US and international climbing communities, mounting national pressures to achieve the first climb, and a reversal in policy by the US Antarctic Policy Group that resulted in the 1966–1967 American Antarctic Mountaineering Expedition's first ascents of Vinson and five other high peaks. Today, between 100 and 200 persons climb Mt. Vinson each austral summer.
Characterisation of Frenet–Serret and Bishop motions with applications to needle steering
Authors: Selig J. M. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYFrenet–Serret and Bishop rigid-body motions have many potential applications in robotics, graphics and computer-aided design. In order to study these motions, new characterisations in terms of their velocity twists are derived. This is extended to general motions based on any moving frame to a space curve. Furthermore, it is shown that any such general moving frame motion is the product of a Frenet–Serret motion with a rotation about the tangent vector.These ideas are applied to a simple model of needle steering. A simple kinematic model of the path of the needle is derived. It is then shown that this leads to Frenet–Serret motions of the needle tip but with constant curvature. Finally, some remarks about curves with constant curvature are made.
Augustinian networks and the Chicago music theory manuscript
Authors: PIERAGOSTINI RENATA 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe manuscript Chicago, Newberry Library 54.1, copied in Pavia in 1391 by an English friar, has been the object of attention of scholars for some time now. Because of the presence of Senleches's songLa harpe de melodie(famously notated in the shape of a harp), and of the earliest known dated copy of theTractatus figurarum(which reflects late fourteenth-century developments in the notation of complex rhythms), the Chicago manuscript has often been cited in support of the historiographical hypothesis which sees the Visconti court of Pavia–Milan as the main centre of production of Ars subtilior repertory in Italy. In the absence of records on the scribe ‘G de Anglia’ and the context in which he worked, it has been almost inevitable thus far to associate the compilation of the manuscript with the Visconti court and the city university (founded and supported by the Visconti). A recently identified document, however, provides some clues to the identity of the scribe of Chicago 54.1, who can now be identified as an Augustinian Hermit. This is confirmed by various elements in the manuscript that also indicate Augustinian connections, placing the compilation of the manuscript in the context of the Augustinian house of Pavia. These elements help to shift the focus of attention to other cultural contexts that may have played a role in the compilation of the manuscript, and invite a reassessment of the hitherto assumed connections with the Visconti court and secular university.
Nursery production of plants.
Authors: Dolan A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Raspberries are a perennial crop that requires a large initial investment, and so it is essential for them to be pest and pathogen free when planted to give a longer productive life. Establishing a plantation based on healthy plants limits the introduction or addition and build-up of diseases in the existing or neighboring soft fruit crops. The certification schemes, in vitro propagation, field propagation, plant health testing, trueness to type testing, viruses, root diseases, cane diseases, leaf diseases of raspberries are discussed.
Propagation.
Authors: Weber C. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

The perennial crown and suckering nature of the red raspberry provides the basis for traditional commercial propagation of bare root plants and bulk root pieces. New canes (suckers) are produced from crown buds or from adventitious root buds, especially in the spring after winter chilling. The tissue culture, dormant plants, storage and handling, shipping, receiving the plants of raspberries are discussed.
Pruning and training.
Authors: Funt R. C. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

In this chapter pruning is broadly defined as removing canes that are no longer producing raspberries, are small in diameter and potentially unproductive; heading of the top of the floricane to cause branching; the removal of broken, diseased or dead parts of the plant; and narrowing of the row for disease control. The pruning and training, training-support systems, mechanical harvest, high tunnels and greenhouses are discussed.
Pest and disease management.
Authors: Funt R. C. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

In this chapter, the effects and control of insects and other pests, diseases and weeds in raspberry production are discussed. The primary eff ect of weeds in raspberries is the competition for water, nutrients and sunlight. However, weeds can harbour disease, nematodes and insects, and their management and control is vital for successful production and marketing of raspberries. The diseases of roots, diseases caused by viruses, leaf, cane and fruit diseases, fruit and plant disorders, insects, weed control in raspberries, spray equipment selection, and spray coverage and worker safety are discussed.
Marketing of raspberries.
Authors: Nonnecke G. , Duffy M. , Funt R. C. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the value chain of raspberries from production through sales and marketing. The major components of marketing, such as placing the product into a bulk or retail container and labelling and delivering to local, retail or wholesale markets, are discussed and recommendations that indicate the importance of marketing are presented. The importance of determining and developing appropriate markets for sales of highly perishable raspberries are also pointed out.
Assessing and influencing personality for improvement of animal welfare: a review of equine studies.
Authors: König v. Borstel U. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Personality and its various sub-traits such as temperament can be defined as behavioural attitudes that remain relatively stable across time and situations. However, various personality models exist. Contrasting their strengths and weaknesses leads to the conclusion that there is presently no model that is truly superior to others in depicting animal personality. Furthermore, the present review highlights aspects in which animal, and in particular equine personality potentially relate to animal welfare. Three approaches are examined which may be taken to improve welfare: (1) genetically selecting for personality traits that make the horses better adapted to their designated work and/or husbandry conditions, (2) assessing personality in individual horses to optimize matching with owners and type of work and (3) influencing the ontogeny of personality traits, e.g. by specific training and husbandry regimes. Each of these strategies has its merit, but as a prerequisite, valid personality assessment methods are required. Although publication bias is likely present, most testing procedures yield acceptable inter-observer reliabilities and repeatabilities across time, even if repeatability across situations tends to be comparably low. Heritability estimates ranging mostly between
h
2
=0.15 and
h
2
=0.40 for traits assessed in personality tests are likewise promising. Research has paid less attention to intra-observer reliability, construct validity or discriminant ability, but based on pleiotropy it is argued that the latter is not essential for a trait to be valid. Therefore, some valid methods are available for use in assessment and subsequent selection of horses or personality-influencing strategies, ultimate resulting in reduction of stress in horses' everyday life.
Intra-patch clustering in mysid swarms revealed through multifrequency acoustics
Authors: Kaltenberg Amanda M. , Benoit-Bird Kelly J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractKaltenberg, A. M., and Benoit-Bird, K. J. 2013. Intra-patch clustering in mysid swarms revealed through multifrequency acoustics. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 883–891. Simultaneous multifrequency acoustic echosounders (70, 120, 200, 333, and 710 kHz), net tows, and video sampling were conducted on dense mysid aggregations in coastal waters off OR, USA, to study intra-patch dynamics in mysid swarms. Multifrequency differencing techniques demonstrated submetre, intra-patch clustering of individual mysids of different frequency response characteristics in all 33 samples collected. For samples that contained multiple sizes of mysids, frequency response curves showed a consistent peak 200 kHz. Samples dominated by only a single size class of small (5 mm long mysids) had a peak in scattering at 710 kHz. Intra-patch clustering of heterogeneous individuals shown here demonstrates patchiness at the scales of interactions among individual mysids; however, this patchiness is likely averaged out at the scale of large predator–mysid swarm interactions or the scale typical of most scientific surveys.
Genetic Factors in Nonsmokers with Age‐Related Macular Degeneration Revealed Through Genome‐Wide Gene‐Environment Interaction Analysis
Authors: Naj Adam C. , Scott William K. , Courtenay Monique D. , Cade William H. , Schwartz Stephen G. , Kovach Jaclyn L. , Agarwal Anita , Wang Gaofeng , Haines Jonathan L. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryRelatively little is known about the interaction between genes and environment in the complex etiology of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). This study aimed to identify novel factors associated with AMD by analyzing gene‐smoking interactions in a genome‐wide association study of 1207 AMD cases and 686 controls of Caucasian background with genotype data on 668,238 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after quality control. Participants’ history of smoking at least 100 cigarettes lifetime was determined by a self‐administered questionnaire. SNP associations modeled the effect of the minor allele additively on AMD using logistic regression, with adjustment for age, sex, and ever/never smoking. Joint effects of SNPs and smoking were examined comparing a null model containing only age, sex, and smoking against an extended model including genotypic and interaction terms. Genome‐wide significant main effects were detected at three known AMD loci: CFH (P = 7.51×10−30), ARMS2 (P = 1.94×10−23), and RDBP/CFB/C2 (P = 4.37×10−10), while joint effects analysis revealed three genomic regions with P < 10−5. Analyses stratified by smoking found genetic associations largely restricted to nonsmokers, with one notable exception: the chromosome 18q22.1 intergenic SNP rs17073641 (between SERPINB8 and CDH7), more strongly associated in nonsmokers (OR = 0.57, P = 2.73 × 10−5), with an inverse association among smokers (OR = 1.42, P = 0.00228), suggesting that smoking modifies the effect of some genetic polymorphisms on AMD risk.
Caprine sex affects skeletal muscle profile and MRFs expression during postnatal development
Authors: Zhong Tao , Jin Peng‐Fei , Dong En‐Ni , Li Li , Wang Lin‐Jie , Zhang Hong‐Ping 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe important roles of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) have been well addressed in the process of mammalian skeletal myogenesis, while limited research has been performed in small ruminants. Furthermore, the effects of gender on the development of skeletal muscle and MRFs expression remain unknown. In this study, we identified the caprine Myf5, Myf6, MyoD and myogenin genes and quantified their expressions at six different postnatal time points by real‐time RT‐PCR. The sex has a marked effect on the expression differences of Myf5, MyoD and myogenin in the five investigated skeletal muscles, while minor influence on the expression difference of Myf6 except for Semitendinosus and Quadriceps femoris tissues (P < 0.001). The histological sections of muscles revealed a constant increase of muscle fiber diameter with aging but non‐significant differences between genders. We provide novel evidence for MRFs expression in age‐ and gender‐dependent manners, which will contribute to prioritizing these genes as potential candidate genes for trait‐associated study and provide a foundation for understanding the molecular control of skeletal muscle growth in goat species.
Role of Immunotherapy in Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC)
Authors: Suárez Cristina , Morales‐Barrera Rafael , Ramos Victor , Núñez Isaac , Valverde Claudia , Planas Jacques , Morote Juan , Maldonado Xavier , Carles Joan 
Published: April 2013

Initial therapy for metastatic prostate cancer consists of androgenic suppression. However, this is only a palliative treatment with an effective duration that usually lasts 12–24 months. Historically, castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) had been considered a chemoresistant tumour.
In 2004, docetaxel received USA Food and Drug Administration approval as a first‐line treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, after two independent phase III trials showed an increased survival benefit. Recently, five new drugs have shown increased survival in CRPC: sipuleucel‐T (assymptomatic or minimally symptomatic), abiraterone acetate (before and after docetaxel), cabazitaxel (after docetaxel), MDV3100 (after docetaxel) and radium‐223 (not suitable for docetaxel or after docetaxel).
The identification of antigens in normal prostate tissue or prostate cancer that are recognised by immune effectors cells has resulted in several new studies based on immunotherapy.
Prostate cancer disease provides a test system to determine the efficacy of vaccines for different reasons. This cancer is a tumour that grows relatively slowly. Recurrence is often diagnosed early (with many patients presenting only with biochemical progression), there is a biological marker that can predict prognosis and outcome (PSA doubling time), various specific antigens have been identified and characterised, and vaccines can be used with a good safety profile combined with anti‐androgen therapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy.
Here we provide a review of the main important immune treatments in CRPC.
Ethnic Identity in Everyday Life: The Influence of Identity Development Status
Authors: Yip Tiffany 
Published: April 2013

The current study explores the intersection of ethnic identity development and significance in a sample of 354 diverse adolescents (mean age 14). Adolescents completed surveys five times a day for 1 week. Cluster analyses revealed four identity clusters: diffused, foreclosed, moratorium, and achieved. Achieved adolescents reported the highest levels of identity salience across situations, followed by moratorium adolescents. Achieved and moratorium adolescents also reported a positive association between identity salience and private regard. For foreclosed and achieved adolescents reporting low levels of centrality, identity salience was associated with lower private regard. For foreclosed and achieved adolescents reporting high levels of centrality, identity salience was associated with higher private regard.
Achieving Lean Objectives through RFID: A Simulation‐Based Assessment*
Authors: Chongwatpol Jongsawas , Sharda Ramesh 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTLean concepts in manufacturing have focused on elimination of wastes within the business processes. This study investigates whether addition of radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies in the manufacturing process can complement Lean manufacturing. Specifically, will more accurate information from RFID‐based solutions help achieve the goals of Lean initiatives in manufacturing plant performance and, if yes, in what specific ways? The analysis is based on a comparison of the following three automatic identification technologies: existing (one‐dimensional) 1D barcode, 2D barcode, and the use of RFID in a real job‐shop environment where items are manufactured for meeting actual demand and also future forecast demand. We analyze the effect of information visibility in these settings by examining the various types of wastes that are typically addressed in Lean initiatives. The results of a discrete‐event simulation suggest that employing RFID in Lean manufacturing initiatives can reduce some wastes but not necessarily all types of waste. We observe an increase in overproduction waste in our setting, although other wastes are reduced with improved information visibility. Overall, our results indicate that manufacturing organizations should explore information visibility through RFID to enhance their Lean initiatives.
Inter‐subject synchronization of brain responses during natural music listening
Authors: Abrams Daniel A. , Ryali Srikanth , Chen Tianwen , Chordia Parag , Khouzam Amirah , Levitin Daniel J. , Menon Vinod 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMusic is a cultural universal and a rich part of the human experience. However, little is known about common brain systems that support the processing and integration of extended, naturalistic ‘real‐world’ music stimuli. We examined this question by presenting extended excerpts of symphonic music, and two pseudomusical stimuli in which the temporal and spectral structure of the Natural Music condition were disrupted, to non‐musician participants undergoing functional brain imaging and analysing synchronized spatiotemporal activity patterns between listeners. We found that music synchronizes brain responses across listeners in bilateral auditory midbrain and thalamus, primary auditory and auditory association cortex, right‐lateralized structures in frontal and parietal cortex, and motor planning regions of the brain. These effects were greater for natural music compared to the pseudo‐musical control conditions. Remarkably, inter‐subject synchronization in the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate nucleus was also greater for the natural music condition, indicating that synchronization at these early stages of auditory processing is not simply driven by spectro‐temporal features of the stimulus. Increased synchronization during music listening was also evident in a right‐hemisphere fronto‐parietal attention network and bilateral cortical regions involved in motor planning. While these brain structures have previously been implicated in various aspects of musical processing, our results are the first to show that these regions track structural elements of a musical stimulus over extended time periods lasting minutes. Our results show that a hierarchical distributed network is synchronized between individuals during the processing of extended musical sequences, and provide new insight into the temporal integration of complex and biologically salient auditory sequences.
Juridification: Disrupting the Relationship between Law and Politics?
Authors: Magnussen Anne‐Mette , Banasiak Anna 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe article addresses some possible implications of juridification in the society. The concept of juridification is unclear, and the empirical knowledge of the social implications of various processes of juridification is weak. We argue that clear‐cut conclusions about the implications of such processes cannot be drawn. To address questions of implications of juridification processes, we focus on the relationship between law and politics. An analytical framework for the analysis of juridification processes is introduced to manage the vast implications of these processes. The discussion indicates complexity and contradictory outcomes of juridification processes. We conclude that to understand the vast complexity of the different kinds of juridification processes, we need more empirical studies from a range of academic fields, including law, economics and political sciences, and that researchers in these fields need to take a step back to get a more satisfactory analytical point of departure for such studies.
European Legal Method in Denmark and Sweden—Using Social Science Theory and Methodology to Describe the Implementation of EU Law
Authors: Edwardsson Eva , Wockelberg Helena 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article presents data from a study in which national bureaucrats working in the fields of taxation and food law in Sweden and Denmark are asked which legal sources and methods of interpretation they use when implementing EU law. The purpose is to contribute to the discussion about European legal method by using social science methodology. National agencies and authorities in the fields of taxation and food law face a ‘multilayered’ or ‘multiprincipal’ reality in which there is room for policy choices. The answers given by the interviewees speak of a plurality of legal sources, a situation where bureaucrats are becoming reluctant lawmakers instructing others on how EU law is to be applied and where bureaucrats find it necessary to found their decisions on what colleagues within the authority or from other Member States have said about how EU law should be applied.
Biomass production assessment from Populus spp. short‐rotation irrigated crops in Spain
Authors: Pérez‐Cruzado César , Sanchez‐Ron David , Rodríguez‐Soalleiro Roque , Hernández Maria José , Mario Sánchez‐Martín M. , Cañellas Isabel , Sixto Hortensia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biomass production potential for the Spanish Iberian Peninsula using the Populus spp. ‘I‐214’ clone under several management regimes and land availability scenarios, and to determine its future contribution to Spanish energy demands.Empirical models were fitted to the data from a network of 144 plots located at 12 sites in the continental Mediterranean climatic regions of the Iberian Peninsula, in which yield was related to climate and soil, as well as to plantation management variables. Four models were developed considering average maximum temperature of the hottest month (TMAXH, °C), length of drought (A, months), intensity of drought (K, unitless) and soil pH. Predictions were made for the irrigated agricultural land (IAL), where the value of the independent variables were within the validity range, and for two management scenarios. Energy production capacity was evaluated by considering the alternatives for transforming poplar SRC biomass: heat, bio‐ethanol and electricity.The results indicated a mean productivity for the Spanish Iberian peninsula of between 15.3 and 10.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for the standard management scenario and the poorly irrigated and weeded management scenario respectively. Two IAL scenarios were considered for the calculation of biomass production potential: all IAL for which it was possible to make predictions is made available for poplar SRC (TP, maximum hypothetical production capacity), and another in which only unproductive IAL is available for poplar SRC (RP, production capacity without constricting agricultural production). The TP scenario contributes up to 6.8–9.6% of total energy demands, and the RP scenario 0.7–0.9%, depending on plantation management.