bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender studies and interdisciplinarity
Authors: Woodward Kath , Woodward Sophie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article we consider the example of gender studies as an interdisciplinary field, and argue that gender studies, and women’s studies, from which gender studies developed, has a distinctive engagement with interdisciplinarity. By thinking about the trajectory of women’s studies, feminist thinking and gender studies, we suggest that this has always been an interdisciplinary field of study. We trace both the shifts and continuities in thinking between different iterations of feminist thinking to consider the three core fields of: gender, sex and sexuality; intersectionality and activism; theory and methods. The article aims to open up debate over what the constructive possibilities are of a focus upon gender, and what the relationship is between theory and activism. This article is published as part of an ongoing collection dedicated to interdisciplinary research.
Early evolution of the angiosperm clade Asteraceae in the Cretaceous of Antarctica
Authors: Barreda Viviana D. , Palazzesi Luis , Tellería Maria C. , Olivero Eduardo B. , Raine J. Ian , Forest Félix 
Published: August 2015

Significance
The flowering plant family Asteraceae (e.g. sunflowers, daisies, chrysanthemums), with about 23,000 species, is found almost everywhere in the world except in Antarctica. Asteraceae (or Compositae) are regarded as one of the most influential families in the diversification and evolution of a large number of animals that heavily depends on their inflorescences to survive (e.g. bees, hummingbirds, wasps). Here we report the discovery of pollen grains unambiguously assigned to Asteraceae that remained buried in Antarctic deposits for more than 65 million years along with other extinct groups (e.g. Dinosaurs, Ammonites). Our discovery drastically pushes back the assumed origin of Asteraceae, because these pollen grains are the oldest fossils ever found for the family.
Computational dissection of human episodic memory reveals mental process-specific genetic profiles
Authors: Luksys Gediminas , Fastenrath Matthias , Coynel David , Freytag Virginie , Gschwind Leo , Heck Angela , Jessen Frank , Maier Wolfgang , Milnik Annette , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Scherer Martin , Spalek Klara , Vogler Christian , Wagner Michael , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Papassotiropoulos Andreas , de Quervain Dominique J.-F. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Human memory is a highly heritable and complex trait that is the outcome of several neurobiologically distinct mental processes, such as learning, memory maintenance, and emotional modulation of memory strength. Such processes, which are not always amenable to direct observation, can be dissociated using computational models. Here we provide converging evidence linking computational model parameters and related behavioral and neuroimaging phenotypes to sets of biologically related genes in several populations of healthy young and elderly adults. Our findings suggest that distinct genetic profiles underlie specific mental processes of human episodic memory. Understanding the genetic and neural bases of such processes is essential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches that could lead to a better treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
CBP30, a selective CBP/p300 bromodomain inhibitor, suppresses human Th17 responses
Authors: Hammitzsch Ariane , Tallant Cynthia , Fedorov Oleg , O’Mahony Alison , Brennan Paul E. , Hay Duncan A. , Martinez Fernando O. , Al-Mossawi M. Hussein , de Wit Jelle , Vecellio Matteo , Wells Christopher , Wordsworth Paul , Müller Susanne , Knapp Stefan , Bowness Paul 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Epigenetic inhibitors have shown considerable promise for the treatment of malignant and inflammatory diseases. We present here the detailed characterization of a potent and highly selective inhibitor of the bromodomains of CBP (CREB binding protein)/p300. Functional preclinical data studying cells derived from patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis (two human Th17-driven diseases) show that selective inhibition of the CBP/p300 bromodomain with CBP30 strongly reduces secretion of IL-17A, without having the broader and potentially deleterious effects on cytokine production and gene transcription of the pan-BET (bromo and extraterminal domain protein family) inhibitor JQ1. CBP/p300 play a significant role in IL-17A production, and CBP/p300 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy in human type-17–mediated diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis.
Microfluidic screening and whole-genome sequencing identifies mutations associated with improved protein secretion by yeast
Authors: Huang Mingtao , Bai Yunpeng , Sjostrom Staffan L. , Hallström Björn M. , Liu Zihe , Petranovic Dina , Uhlén Mathias , Joensson Haakan N. , Andersson-Svahn Helene , Nielsen Jens 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Increasing demand for recombinant proteins leads to continuous attempts for improving the protein secretion capacity of host cells. In this study, we show that by combining high-throughput microfluidic screening with whole-genome sequencing of the selected clones from yeast libraries we can identify and map the mutations associated with significantly improved protein production. These identified mutations can be used as reverse metabolic engineering target genes in design of efficient cell factories for protein secretion. The mutations that we identified will also help in improving our understanding of the protein secretory mechanisms in yeast.
Highly efficient nonprecious metal catalyst prepared with metal–organic framework in a continuous carbon nanofibrous network
Authors: Shui Jianglan , Chen Chen , Grabstanowicz Lauren , Zhao Dan , Liu Di-Jia 
Published: August 2015

Significance
The performance of conventional carbon-supported catalysts is strongly influenced by the support morphology, which contains micropores, mesopores, and macropores. Whereas micropores host the majority of the active sites and macropores promote effective reagent/product mass transfer, mesopores contribute a limited role in both but occupy a significant fraction of the total pore volume. For catalytic applications where maximizing active site number and mass/charge transports with the highest possible catalyst density is essential, conventional carbon supports are no longer suitable. In this paper, we introduce a previously unidentified catalyst’s morphology with a high catalytic active surface concentrated nearly exclusively in micropores while transferring reactant/product via a macroporous nanofiber framework. The nonprecious metal catalyst with such architecture demonstrated unprecedented activity in fuel cell tests.
Giving behavior of millionaires
Authors: Smeets Paul , Bauer Rob , Gneezy Uri 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Wealthy individuals play an important role in charitable giving. We present evidence that millionaires give more than any other group studied in the literature. This holds particularly in a clear giving situation. In our study, millionaires either participated in a dictator game or an ultimatum game and they either interacted with another millionaire or with a low-income individual. In the dictator game, the millionaire decides how to split an amount between herself and a recipient who has no power. In the ultimatum game, the receiver needs to approve the proposer’s proposal; otherwise, both players are paid zero. Millionaires give more to a low-income participant in the dictator game than in the more strategic ultimatum game.
Genome-wide identification of CCA1 targets uncovers an expanded clock network inArabidopsis
Authors: Nagel Dawn H. , Doherty Colleen J. , Pruneda-Paz Jose L. , Schmitz Robert J. , Ecker Joseph R. , Kay Steve A. 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceThe circadian clock, an endogenous time-keeping mechanism common to most species, allows organisms to coordinate biological processes with specific times of day. In plants, the role of the clock extends to almost every aspect of growth and development, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The core molecular components and circuits of the clock have been well studied in the model organismArabidopsis thaliana; however, how this mechanism connects to clock-controlled outputs remains poorly understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide characterization of the direct targets of a key clock component inArabidopsis. Our results emphasize the broad role of the plant clock in regulating multiple biological functions and provide direct links between the oscillator and clock-regulated outputs.
Symmetry Reduction of the (2+1)-Dimensional Modified Dispersive Water-Wave System*
Authors: Ma Zheng-Yi , Fei Jin-Xi , Du Xiao-Yang 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Using the standard truncated Painlevé expansion, the residual symmetry of the (2+1)-dimensional modified dispersive water-wave system is localized in the properly prolonged system with the Lie point symmetry vector. Some different transformation invariances are derived by utilizing the obtained symmetries. The symmetries of the system are also derived through the Clarkson–Kruskal direct method, and several types of explicit reduction solutions relate to the trigonometric or the hyperbolic functions are obtained. Finally, some special solitons are depicted from one of the solutions.
Colored Noises-Induced Regime Shifts in a Vegetation Ecological System*
Authors: Han Qing-Lin , Zeng Jia-Kui , Yang Tao , Zhang Chun , Long Fei , Fu Yun-Chang , Zeng Chun-Hua 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the stationary probability distribution and mean first passage time in a vegetation ecological system, which is driven by cross-correlation between intrinsic and extrinsic colored noises as well as the nonzero cross-correlation in between. The impacts of the self-correlation time τ1 and τ2, the cross-correlation time τ3 and intensity k on the stationary probability distribution and mean first passage time are discussed, respectively. Our main results show that: (i) the self-correlation time τ1 can induce regime shifts from the desert state to the sustainable vegetation state, while the self-correlation time τ2, cross-correlation time τ3 and intensity k can induce regime shifts from the sustainable vegetation state to the desert state; and (ii) the self-correlation time τ1 or τ2 can enhance the stability of the sustainable vegetation biomass, while the cross-correlation time τ3 or strength k weakens the stability of the sustainable vegetation biomass.
Perturbation to Mei Symmetry and Adiabatic Invariants for Disturbed El-Nabulsi's Fractional Birkhoff System*
Authors: Song Chuan-Jing , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFor El-Nabulsi's fractional Birkhoff system, Mei symmetry perturbation, the corresponding Mei-type adiabatic invariants and Noether-type adiabatic invariants are investigated in this paper. Firstly, based on El-Nabulsi-Birkhoff fractional equations, Mei symmetry and the corresponding Mei conserved quantity, Noether conserved quantity deduced indirectly by Mei symmetry are studied. Secondly, Mei-type exact invariants and Noether-type exact invariants are given on the basis of the definition of adiabatic invatiant. Thirdly, Mei symmetry perturbation, Mei-type adiabatic invariants and Noether-type adiabatic invariants for the disturbed El-Nabulsi's fractional Birkhoff system are studied. Finally, two examples, Hojman-Urrutia problem for Mei-type adiabatic invariants and another for the Noether-type adiabatic invariants, are given to illustrate the application of the results.
Numerical Simulation of Antennas with Improved Integral Equation Method*
Authors: Ma Ji , Fang Guang-You , Lu Wei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Simulating antennas around a conducting object is a challenge task in computational electromagnetism, which is concerned with the behaviour of electromagnetic fields. To analyze this model efficiently, an improved integral equation-fast Fourier transform (IE-FFT) algorithm is presented in this paper. The proposed scheme employs two Cartesian grids with different size and location to enclose the antenna and the other object, respectively. On the one hand, IE-FFT technique is used to store matrix in a sparse form and accelerate the matrix-vector multiplication for each sub-domain independently. On the other hand, the mutual interaction between sub-domains is taken as the additional exciting voltage in each matrix equation. By updating integral equations several times, the whole electromagnetic system can achieve a stable status. Finally, the validity of the presented method is verified through the analysis of typical antennas in the presence of a conducting object.
A Comprehensive Numerical Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Hetero-Junction Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ghavamian Ali , Öchsner Andreas 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A set of forty-three hetero-junction CNTs, made of forty-four homogeneous carbon nanotubes of different chiralities and configurations with all possible hetero-connection types, were numerically simulated, based on the finite element method in a commercial finite element software and their Young's and shear moduli, and critical buckling loads were obtained and evaluated under the tensile, torsional and buckling loads with an assumption of linear elastic deformation and also compared with each other. The comparison of the linear elastic behavior of hetero-junction CNTs and their corresponding fundamental tubes revealed that the size, type of the connection, and the bending angle in the structure of hetero-junction CNTs considerably influences the mechanical properties of these hetero-structures. It was also discovered that the Stone-Wales defect leads to lower elastic and torsional strength of hetero-junction CNTs when compared to homogeneous CNTs. However, the buckling strength of the hetero-junction CNTs was found to lie in the range of the buckling strength of their corresponding fundamental tubes. It was also determined that the shear modulus of hetero-junction carbon nanotubes generally tends to be closer to the shear modulus of their wider fundamental tubes while critical buckling loads of these heterostructures seem to be closer to critical buckling loads of their thinner fundamental tubes. The evaluation of the elastic properties of hetero-junction carbon nanotubes showed that among the hetero-junction models, those with armchair-armchair and zigzag-zigzag kinks have the highest elastic modulus while the models with armchair-zigzag connections show the lowest elastic stiffness. The results from torsion tests also revealed the fact that zigzag-zigzag and armchair-zigzag hetero-junction carbon nanotubes have the highest and the lowest shear modulus, respectively. Finally, it was observed that the highest critical buckling loads belong to armchair-armchair hetero-junction carbon nanotubes and the lowest buckling strength was found with the hetero-junction models with armchair-zigzag connection.
Influences of the Structure of Lipids on Thermal Stability of Lipid Membranes*
Authors: Hai Nan-Nan , Zhou Xin , Li Ming 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The binding free energy (BFE) of lipid to lipid bilayer is a critical factor to determine the thermal or mechanical stability of the bilayer. Although the molecular structure of lipids has significant impacts on BFE of the lipid, there lacks a systematic study on this issue. In this paper we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation to investigate this problem for several typical phospholipids. We find that both the tail length and tail unsaturation can significantly affect the BFE of lipids but in opposite way, namely, BFE decreases linearly with increasing length, but increases linearly with addition of unsaturated bonds. Inspired by the specific structure of cholesterol which is a crucial component of biomembrane, we also find that introduction of carbo-ring-like structures to the lipid tail or to the bilayer may greatly enhance the stability of the bilayer. Our simulation also shows that temperature can influence the bilayer stability and this effect can be significant when the bilayer undergoes phase transition. These results may be helpful to the design of liposome or other self-assembled lipid systems.
Low Cerebral Oxygenation Levels during Resuscitation in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Are Associated with Hyperfibrinolysis
Authors: Duvekot Anne , Viersen Victor A. , Dekker Simone E. , Geeraedts Leo M. G. , Schwarte Lothar A. , Spoelstra-Man Angelique M. E. , van de Ven Peter M. , van den Brom Charissa E. , de Waard Monique C. , Loer Stephan A. , Boer Christa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstract
Activation of the fibrinolytic system is more common in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest patients with an initial cerebral tissue oxygenation value of 50% or less during resuscitation and is linked to increased levels of tissue plasminogen activator rather than involvement of protein C.

Background:
The authors investigated whether patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with an initial low cerebral oxygen level during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are more prone to develop hyperfibrinolysis than patients with normal cerebral oxygenation levels and which part of the fibrinolytic system is involved in this response.

Methods:
In 46 patients, hyperfibrinolysis was diagnosed immediately upon emergency department admission using rotational thromboelastometry and defined as a lysis more than 15%. Simultaneously, initial cerebral tissue oxygenation was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy, and oxygen desaturation was defined as a tissue oxygenation index (TOI) of 50% or less. Blood sample analysis included markers for hypoperfusion and fibrinolysis.

Results:
There was no difference in prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration between patients with or without hyperfibrinolysis. An initial TOI of 50% or less was associated with more clot lysis (91% [17 to 100%; n = 16]) compared with patients with a normal TOI (6% [4 to 11%]; n = 30; P < 0.001), with lower levels of plasminogen (151.6 ± 61.0 vs. 225.3 ± 47.0 μg/ml; P < 0.001) and higher levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA; 18.3 ± 7.4 vs. 7.9 ± 4.7 ng/ml; P < 0.001) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (19.3 ± 8.9 vs. 12.1 ± 6.1 ng/ml; P = 0.013). There were no differences in (activated) protein C levels among groups. The initial TOI was negatively correlated with t-PA (r = −0.69; P < 0001). Mortality rates were highest in patients with hyperfibrinolysis.

Conclusion:
Activation of the fibrinolytic system is more common in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with an initial cerebral tissue oxygenation value of 50% or less during resuscitation and is linked to increased levels of t-PA rather than involvement of protein C.
Manta: Rapid detection of structural variants and indels for clinical sequencing applications
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Schulz-Trieglaff Ole , Shaw Richard , Barnes Bret , Schlesinger Felix , Cox Anthony J. , Kruglyak Semyon , Saunders Christopher T. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTSummaryWe describe Manta, a method to discover structural variants and indels from next generation sequencing data. Manta is optimized for rapid clinical analysis, calling structural variants, medium-sized indels and large insertions on standard compute hardware in less than a tenth of the time that comparable methods require to identify only subsets of these variant types: for example NA12878 at 50x genomic coverage is analyzed in less than 20 minutes. Manta can discover and score variants based on supporting paired and split-read evidence, with scoring models optimized for germline analysis of diploid individuals and somatic analysis of tumor-normal sample pairs. Call quality is similar to or better than comparable methods, as determined by pedigree consistency of germline calls and comparison of somatic calls to COSMIC database variants. Manta consistently assembles a higher fraction of its calls to basepair resolution, allowing for improved downstream annotation and analysis of clinical significance. We provide Manta as a community resource to facilitate practical and routine structural variant analysis in clinical and research sequencing scenarios.AvailabilityManta source code and Linux binaries are available fromhttp://github.com/sequencing/manta.Contactcsaunders@illumina.comSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Cultural competence in criminal justice
Authors: Herbert MBE Angela 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Considers the role of cultural competence in the criminal-justice system and the crucial role that can be played by the right kind of training.

Design/methodology/approach
– Argues that there are no quick solutions to disproportionality of black and minority ethnic people in the criminal-justice system but advances the view that while individuals are incarcerated, it is important for the organization and its staff to make provisions that will make a difference.

Findings
– Suggests that any training provision should be made subject to those industries that are likely to employ black minority ethnic (BME) people, and that offering skills in prison that do not reflect cultural attainment in industry would be setting individuals up to fail.

Practical implications
– Urges that awareness and training should be embraced throughout all organizations from government policymakers, chief executive officers, management board, operational staff and partners, voluntary organizations and the client or user.

Social implications
– Argues that commitment from the government and the prison service can result in the provision of the kinds of cultural-competence learning and skills training that can more appropriately meet the needs of, in particular, BME individuals who are frequently ill-equipped when they leave the judiciary system.

Originality/value
– Concludes that this support would also help to communicate and promote awareness of other people’s cultures, provide insight into their understanding of the organization’s culture while also enabling the public to understand the importance of implementing positive change.
Ethics and spirituality in the workplace
Authors: Freeman Tim , Kunter Aylin , Douglas Carlis , Roper Ian 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Draws attention to recent broad trends in UK employment regulation that refocus the emphasis in employment rights away from a primary concern with safeguarding collective rights toward a more differentiated approach privileging more individual concerns.

Design/methodology/approach
– Seeks to explain the reasons and consequences of this development.

Findings
– Argues that rights are defended on the basis of their ability to secure greater employee motivation and productivity.

Practical implications
– Explains that this is a business-case defense rather than a requirement for social justice.

Social implications
– Advances the view that modern Conservatives see society as made up of a broad range of actors and not reducible to state action.

Originality/value
– Claims that the extension of the minimum period of employment required before an employer may be taken to tribunal to two years, together with a greatly increased fee required to bring a case, mean that cases are much more difficult to make.