bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral whole blood microRNA expression in relation to vascular function: a population-based study
Authors: Talevi Valentina , Melas Konstantinos , Pehlivan Gökhan , Imtiaz Mohammed A. , Krüger Dennis Manfred , Centeno Tonatiuh Pena , Aziz N. Ahmad , Fischer Andre , Breteler Monique M.B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
As key regulators of gene expression, microRNAs affect many cardiovascular mechanisms and have been associated with several cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation of whole blood microRNAs with several quantitative measurements of vascular function, and explore their biological role through an integrative microRNA-gene expression analysis.

Methods
Peripheral whole blood microRNA expression was assessed through RNA-Seq in 2606 participants (45.8% men, mean age: 53.93, age range: 30 to 95 years) from the Rhineland Study, an ongoing population-based cohort study in Bonn, Germany. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to cluster microRNAs with highly correlated expression levels into 14 modules. Through linear regression models, we investigated the association between each module’s expression and quantitative markers of vascular health, including pulse wave velocity, total arterial compliance index, cardiac index, stroke index, systemic vascular resistance index, reactive skin hyperemia and white matter hyperintensity burden. For each module associated with at least one trait, one or more hub-microRNAs driving the association were defined. Hub-microRNAs were further characterized through mapping to putative target genes followed by gene ontology pathway analysis.

Results
Four modules, represented by hub-microRNAs miR-320 family, miR-378 family, miR-3605-3p, miR-6747-3p, miR-6786-3p, and miR-330-5p, were associated with total arterial compliance index. Importantly, the miR-320 family module was also associated with white matter hyperintensity burden, an effect partially mediated through arterial compliance. Furthermore, hub-microRNA miR-192-5p was related to cardiac index. Functional analysis corroborated the relevance of the identified microRNAs for vascular function by revealing, among others, enrichment for pathways involved in blood vessel morphogenesis and development, angiogenesis, telomere organization and maintenance, and insulin secretion.

Conclusions
We identified several microRNAs robustly associated with cardiovascular function, especially arterial compliance and cardiac output. Moreover, our results highlight miR-320 as a regulator of cerebrovascular damage, partly through modulation of vascular function. As many of these microRNAs were involved in biological processes related to vasculature development and aging, our results contribute to the understanding of vascular physiology and provide putative targets for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Impact of very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets on cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes; GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Ghasemi Parisa , Jafari Malihe , Maskouni Saber Jafari , Hosseini Seyed Ahmad , Amiri Roksaneh , Hejazi Jalal , Chambari Mahla , Tavasolian Ronia , Rahimlou Mehran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study was designed to evaluate the impact of VLCKD on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM.

Methods
Until March 2024, extensive searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and other relevant databases. The purpose was to identify clinical trials examining the impact of VLCKD on glycemic control, lipid profile, and blood pressure. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) method was used to assess the evidence’s degree of certainty.

Results
Our initial search found a total of 2568 records and finally 29 trials were included in final analysis. Our results showed that adherence from VLCKD led to significant reduction in fasting blood sugar (WMD= -11.68 mg/dl; 95% CI: -18.79, -4.56; P = 0.001), HbA1c (WMD= -0.29; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.14; P < 0.001), HOMA-IR(WMD= -0.71; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.29; P = 0.001), insulin (WMD= -1.45; 95% CI: -2.54, -0.36; P = 0.009), triglyceride (WMD= -17.95; 95% CI: -26.82, -9.07; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (WMD= -2.85, 95% CI: -4.99, -0.71; P = 0.009) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD= -1.40; 95% CI: -2.66, -0.13; P = 0.03). We also found a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level after adherence from VLCKD diet (WMD = 3.93, 95% CI: 2.03, 5.84; P = 0.000). We couldn’t find any significant differences between groups in term of LDL and total cholesterol levels.

Conclusion
People following a VLCKD experience a more significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors when compared to individuals on control diets.
How feasible is it to mobilize $31 billion a year for pandemic preparedness and response? An economic growth modelling analysis
Authors: Shahid Minahil , Schäferhoff Marco , Brown Garrett , Yamey Gavin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Covid-19 has reinforced health and economic cases for investing in pandemic preparedness and response (PPR). The World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO) propose that low- and middle-income governments and donor countries should invest $31.1 billion each year for PPR. We analyse, based on the projected economic growth of countries between 2022 and 2027, how likely it is that low- and middle-income country governments and donors can mobilize the estimated funding.

Methods
We modelled trends in economic growth to project domestic health spending by low- and middle-income governments and official development assistance (ODA) by donors for years 2022 to 2027. We modelled two scenarios for countries and donors – a constant and an optimistic scenario. Under the constant scenario we assume that countries and donors continue to dedicate the same proportion of their health spending and ODA as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national income (GNI), respectively, as they did during baseline (the latest year for which data are available). In the optimistic scenario, we assume a yearly increase of 2.5% in health spending as a share of GDP for countries and ODA as a share of GNI for donors.

Findings
Our analysis shows that low-income countries would need to invest on average 37%, lower-middle income countries 9%, and upper-middle income countries 1%, of their total health spending on PPR each year under the constant scenario to meet the World Bank WHO targets. Donors would need to allocate on average 8% of their total ODA across all sectors to PPR each year to meet their target.

Conclusions
The World Bank WHO targets for PPR will not be met unless low- and middle-income governments and donors spend a much higher share of their funding on PPR. Even under optimistic growth scenarios, low-income and lower-middle income countries will require increased support from global health donors. The donor target cannot be met using the yearly increase in ODA under any scenario. If the country and donor targets are not met, the highest-impact health security measures need to be prioritized for funding. Alternative sources of PPR financing could include global taxation (e.g., on financial transactions, carbon, or airline flights), cancelling debt, and addressing illicit financial flows. There is also a need for continued work on estimating current PPR costs and funding requirements in order to arrive at more enduring and reliable estimates.
Exploring unconventional food plants used by local communities in a rural area of West Java, Indonesia: ethnobotanical assessment, use trends, and potential for improved nutrition
Authors: Rahayu Yen Yen Sally , Sujarwo Wawan , Irsyam Arifin Surya Dwipa , Dwiartama Angga , Rosleine Dian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
As one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, Indonesia contains over 25,000 plant species, including unconventional food plants (UFPs). These plants are integral to the dietary practices of rural communities, providing essential nutrients often overlooked in modern diets. However, the use of UFP is declining, with both their dietary and cultural values being undermined. In rural West Java, this decline in UFP biodiversity coincides with public health challenges related to malnutrition. This study aims to document the diversity of UFPs used by local communities in rural West Java, assess their nutritional value, and explore their consumption practices.

Methods
Data were collected using mixed methods, including interviews with 20 key informants and food frequency questionnaire administered to 107 women in three villages in the area. The nutritional compositions of documented UFPs were obtained from literature and analysis. Bivariate correlation was used to analyze the relationships between UFP consumption frequency and potential correlates.

Results
The study documented 52 species of UFPs from 29 families, many of which are rich in nutritional value. About half of respondents (56%) consumed UFPs moderately (2–3 times a week). UFP consumption frequency had a strong correlation (r = 0.70) with associated knowledge (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) and a weak correlation with age (r = 0.240, p = 0.015), livestock possession (r = 0.260, p = 0.008), and family size (r = − 0.220, p = 0.02). Motivations for UFP consumption included availability as free food (33%), medicinal value (26%), nostalgic value (23%), and preferred taste (18%). Most respondents (92%) agreed that consumption has declined compared to the past, with perceived reduced availability and lack of knowledge cited as the primary reasons for the declining trend.

Conclusions
UFP use is common in the study area, where local communities value these plants for their critical roles in diet, medicine, and culture. Given their significant potential to meet dietary needs, educating and raising awareness about UFPs can enhance their consumption and contribute to food and nutrition security.
High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Tan Dingyu , Wang Bingxia , Cao Peng , Wang Yunyun , Sun Jiayan , Geng Ping , Walline Joseph Harold , Wang Yachao , Wang Chenlong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Although cumulative studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, randomized trials to compare HFNC with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as initial treatment in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients with acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure are limited. The aim of this randomized, open label, non-inferiority trial was to compare treatment failure rates between HFNC and NIV in such patients.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with AECOPD with a baseline arterial blood gas pH between 7.25 and 7.35 and PaCO2 ≥ 50 mmHg admitted to two intensive care units (ICUs) at a large tertiary academic teaching hospital between March 2018 and December 2022 were randomly assigned to HFNC or NIV. The primary endpoint was the rate of treatment failure, defined as endotracheal intubation or a switch to the other study treatment modality. Secondary endpoints were rates of intubation or treatment change, blood gas values, vital signs at one, 12, and 48 h, 28-day mortality, as well as ICU and hospital lengths of stay.

Results
225 total patients (113 in the HFNC group and 112 in the NIV group) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The failure rate of the HFNC group was 25.7%, while the NIV group was 14.3%. The failure rate risk difference between the two groups was 11.38% (95% CI 0.25–21.20, P = 0.033), which was higher than the non-inferiority cut-off of 9%. In the per-protocol analysis, treatment failure occurred in 28 of 110 patients (25.5%) in the HFNC group and 15 of 109 patients (13.8%) in the NIV group (risk difference, 11.69%; 95% CI 0.48–22.60). The intubation rate in the HFNC group was higher than in the NIV group (14.2% vs 5.4%, P = 0.026). The treatment switch rate, ICU and hospital length of stay or 28-day mortality in the HFNC group were not statistically different from the NIV group (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion
HFNC was not shown to be non-inferior to NIV and resulted in a higher incidence of treatment failure than NIV when used as the initial respiratory support for AECOPD patients with acute-moderate hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Trial registration: chictr.org (ChiCTR1800014553). Registered 21 January 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn
Can flash glucose monitoring improve glucose management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with type 2 diabetes? A protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hachem Mariam , Hearn Tracey , Kelly Ray , Eer Audrey , Moore Belinda , Sommerville Christine , Atkinson-Briggs Sharon , Twigg Stephen , Freund Meagan , O’Neal David , Story David , Brown Alex , McLean Anna , Sinha Ashim , Furler John , O’Brien Richard , Tran-Duy An , Clarke Philip , Braat Sabine , Koye Digsu N. , Eades Sandra , Burchill Luke , Ekinci Elif 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are disproportionately impacted by type 2 diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology (such as Abbott Freestyle Libre 2, previously referred to as Flash Glucose Monitoring) offers real-time glucose monitoring that is convenient and easy to use compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). However, this technology’s use is neither widespread nor subsidised for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with type 2 diabetes. Building on existing collaborations with a national network of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, this randomised controlled trial aims to assess the effect of CGM compared to SMBG on (i) haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), (ii) achieving blood glucose targets, (iii) reducing hypoglycaemic episodes and (iv) cost-effective healthcare in an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people health setting.MethodsThis is a non-masked, parallel-group, two-arm, individually randomised, controlled trial (ACTRN12621000753853). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults with type 2 diabetes on injectable therapy and HbA1c ≥ 7.5% (n = 350) will be randomised (1:1) to CGM or SMBG for 6 months. The primary outcome is change in HbA1c level from baseline to 6 months. Secondary outcomes include (i) CGM-derived metrics, (ii) frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes, (iii) health-related quality of life and (iv) incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained associated with the CGM compared to SMBG. Clinical trial sites include Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations, Aboriginal Medical Services, primary care centres and tertiary hospitals across urban, rural, regional and remote Australia.DiscussionThe trial will assess the effect of CGM compared to SMBG on HbA1c for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with type 2 diabetes in Australia. This trial could have long-term benefits in improving diabetes management and providing evidence for funding of CGM in this population.Trial registrationAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621000753853. Registered on 15th June 2021.
Novel RP-HPLC–DAD approach for simultaneous determination of chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride and caffeine with their related substances
Authors: Ashraf Ahmed , ElDin Norhan Badr , Rostom Yasmin , El-Zeany Badr A. , Sedik Ghada A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnsuring the quality control of active pharmaceutical ingredients is crucial for drug products being introduced into the market. Even for established drugs, it is necessary to maintain a cutting-edge impurity control system. To analyze caffeine and chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride in their binary mixture, as well as theophylline and chlorphenoxamine N-oxide as related substances, a reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector system was created. The chromatographic separation was conducted using a C18 X-select Waters® column. The mobile phase consisted of 20.0 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate modified to pH 3 with o-phosphoric acid and methanol. A gradient elution program was adopted at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min and detected at a wavelength of 222 nm. The present methodology demonstrates a concentration ranging from 2–60, 1–80, 0.5–20 to 0.4–20 µg/mL for chlorphenoxamine hydrochloride, caffeine, chlorphenoxamine N-Oxide and theophylline, respectively. Chlorphenoxamine N-Oxide, being an impurity of chlorphenoxamine was prepared by refluxing intact drug with 5% H2O2 for 24 h at 100 °C. One of the objectives of the analytical community is to promote the adoption of green analysis methods, which involve the development of environmentally friendly techniques. The levels of greenness and whiteness were evaluated using four specific tools: Eco-Scale System, GAPI, AGREE, and RGB tool. Furthermore, we have evaluated the greenness of the analytical method presented and compared its performance and greenness to that of the approach described in the literature. In this study, results from CPX and CAF analysis were compared to those obtained in a previous study. The result shows that there is no notable variation in precision and accuracy. The proposed method was validated in accordance with the requirements of ICH.
Antennal transcriptome analysis reveals sensory receptors potentially associated with host detection in the livestock pest Lucilia cuprina
Authors: Wulff Juan P. , Hickner Paul V. , Watson David W. , Denning Steven S. , Belikoff Esther J. , Scott Maxwell J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is the main causative agent of flystrike of sheep in Australia and New Zealand. Female flies lay eggs in an open wound or natural orifice, and the developing larvae eat the host’s tissues, a condition called myiasis. To improve our understanding of host-seeking behavior, we quantified gene expression in male and female antennae based on their behavior.

Methods
A spatial olfactometer was used to evaluate the olfactory response of L. cuprina mated males and gravid females to fresh or rotting beef. Antennal RNA-Seq analysis was used to identify sensory receptors differentially expressed between groups.

Results
Lucilia cuprina females were more attracted to rotten compared to fresh beef (> fivefold increase). However, males and some females did not respond to either type of beef. RNA-Seq analysis was performed on antennae dissected from attracted females, non-attracted females and males. Transcripts encoding sensory receptors from 11 gene families were identified above a threshold (≥ 5 transcript per million) including 49 ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs), two ammonium transporters (AMTs), 37 odorant receptors (ORs), 16 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 5 gustatory receptors (GRs), 22 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 9 CD36-sensory neuron membrane proteins (CD36/SNMPs), 4 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 4 myeloid lipid-recognition (ML) and Niemann-Pick C2 disease proteins (ML/NPC2), 2 pickpocket receptors (PPKs) and 3 transient receptor potential channels (TRPs). Differential expression analyses identified sex-biased sensory receptors.

Conclusions
We identified sensory receptors that were differentially expressed between the antennae of both sexes and hence may be associated with host detection by female flies. The most promising for future investigations were as follows: an odorant receptor (LcupOR46) which is female-biased in L. cuprina and Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, 1858; an ABC transporter (ABC G23.1) that was the sole sensory receptor upregulated in the antennae of females attracted to rotting beef compared to non-attracted females; a female-biased ammonia transporter (AMT_Rh50), which was previously associated with ammonium detection in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830. This is the first report suggesting a possible role for ABC transporters in L. cuprina olfaction and potentially in other insects.

Graphical Abstract
ECG signal decomposition using Fourier analysis
Authors: Kheirati Roonizi Arman , Sassi Roberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the Fourier decomposition method to approximate the decomposition of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals into their component waveforms, such as the QRS-complex and T-wave. We compute expansion coefficients using the $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

Fourier transform and the traditional $$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

Fourier transform. Numerical examples are presented, and the analysis focuses on ECG signals as a real-world application, comparing the performance of the $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

and $$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

Fourier transforms. Our results demonstrate that the $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

Fourier transform significantly enhances the separation of ECG signal components, such as the QRS-complex and T-wave. This improvement is attributed to a notable reduction in the Gibbs phenomenon introduced by the Fourier-series expansion when using the $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

Fourier transform, as opposed to the traditional $$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

Fourier transform.
Physical layer secure transmission in the coexistence of V2I and V2V with RIS assistance
Authors: Tang Zerong , Song Tiecheng , Hu Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe security of vehicle communication becomes increasingly important due to the transmission requirement of large-scale security and privacy data in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). This paper investigates the physical layer secure transmission with reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assistance in the coexistence of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V). It establishes a communication model for physical layer secure transmission where the eavesdropping user exists. Based on this model, we propose a V2I physical layer secure transmission rate (PLSTR) maximization problem and solve it by employing an alternating optimization algorithm based on generalized Rayleigh entropy and semi-definite relaxation programming so as to obtain optimal V2I base station precoding and RIS reflection coefficient matrix. Simulation results further validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm and analyze the impact of relevant parameters on system performance.
Functional identification of three regiospecific flavonoid O-methyltransferases in Rhododendron delavayi and their applications in the biotechnological production of methoxyflavonoids
Authors: Lee Kyungha , Bhoo Seong Hee , Lee Sang-Won , Cho Man-Ho 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRhododendrons produce a variety of methoxyflavonoids, including rarely found 3-methoxyflavonoids and 5-methoxyflavonoids. It was thus suggested that they have a series of regiospecific flavonoid O-methyltransferases (FOMTs). The 18 Class II O-methyltransferase (OMT) genes were retrieved from the Rhododendron delavayi genome, designating them as RdOMTs. A comprehensive biochemical characterization of RdOMTs was performed to identify functional FOMTs. The FOMT activity of recombinant RdOMTs was assayed with flavonoid substrates of different subclasses. Among the examined RdOMTs, RdOMT3, RdOMT10, and RdOMT12 showed FOMT activity for diverse flavonoids. In particular, RdOMT3 consumed only flavonols as a substrate. Structural analyses of the methylated products demonstrated that RdOMT3, RdOMT10, and RdOMT12 catalyze regiospecific methylation of flavonoids at the 3'/5'-, 3-, and 4'-hydroxyl groups, respectively. Their broad substrate spectrum and different regiospecificity suggest that these RdOMTs contribute to the formation of complex methoxyflavonoids in R. delavayi. Bioconversion of flavonoids using E. coli harboring each RdOMT demonstrated that RdOMT3, RdOMT10, and RdOMT12 are useful tools for the biotechnological production of valuable methoxyflavonoids, including the rarely found 3-methoxyflavonoids.