bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' perceptions of workplace culture in primary health care in Finland
Authors: Hahtela N. , Paavilainen E. , McCormack B. , Helminen M. , Slater P. , Suominen T. 
Published: July 2015

AimThis study aimed to describe nurses' perceptions of workplace culture, especially in regard to stress levels, job satisfaction and the practice environment in primary health care.BackgroundHealth care is facing many challenges related to its attractiveness as a place of employment and the maintenance of a sufficient workforce supply. Previous studies report increasing rates of nurse job dissatisfaction and intentions to leave their current positions both in Finland and also globally. Improving workplace culture is thus vital in meeting the challenges related to recruitment and retention.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive design was used to describe nurses' perceptions of workplace culture. Data were collected by questionnaire from 22 units in nine primary healthcare organizations in Finland, and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsMost of the respondents indicated that they were not certain whether their workplace culture was either positive or negative. Profession, age and work shift characteristics had an effect on the respondents' perceptions of workplace culture. Younger licensed practical and registered nurses assessed their workplace culture more positively, whereas older registered nurses and those working rotating rosters viewed workplace culture more negatively.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that both unit and demographic characteristics affect workplace culture. This survey highlights that a positive workplace culture is one of the key factors in retaining and recruiting nurses, and provides an essential evidence that may be considered by other healthcare organizations.Implications for nursing and health policyNurse managers and healthcare leaders need to address workload management and take into account the related variables that affect a unit's workplace culture.
Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale for older people: psychometric testing and short form development with a three country sample
Authors: Mabire Cédric , Coffey Alice , Weiss Marianne 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale for older people and to reduce the scale to a more practical short form.BackgroundThe Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale is the only available and validated scale measuring patients' perceived readiness just prior to discharge.DesignSecondary analysis of hospital studies data from three countries.MethodData were collected between 2008–2012. The study sample comprised 998 medical‐surgical older patients. Factor analysis was undertaken to identify the factor structure of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Group comparisons for construct validity and predictive validity for readmission were also conducted.ResultsThe Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale original four factor solution does not appear to be consistent with the observed data of older people in the three countries. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a 17‐item scale with three factors produced the best model fit. Nine items, three from each factor, loaded consistently on their respective factors in each country sample. Confirmatory factor analysis of this short form model indicated that the model adequately fit the data. Patients who lived alone, were older, or who indicated ‘not ready’ for discharge had lower Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale for Older People scores, which were also associated with readmission risk.ConclusionThe revised three factor structure of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale for Older People in long and short forms more adequately assesses core components of discharge readiness in the older adult population than the original adult form.
Orexigenic Gene Expression in Late Gestation Ovine Foetal Hypothalamus is Sensitive to Maternal Undernutrition and Realimentation
Authors: Adam C. L. , Williams P. A. , Milne J. S. , Aitken R. P. , Wallace J. M. 
Published: July 2015

Adverse nutritional effects on developing foetal hypothalamic appetitive pathways may contribute to programmed hyperphagia and obesity in intra‐uterine growth‐restricted, low birth weight offspring. In the present study, for the first time, hypothalamic gene expression for primary orexigenic and anorexigenic genes was examined in late gestation ovine foetuses (130 days; term = 145 days) whose mothers were undernourished (UN) or well‐nourished (C) throughout pregnancy, or transferred from UN to C on day 90 (UN‐C). Pregnancies resulted from singleton embryo transfer into adolescent growing ewes. Body weight, carcass fat content and perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) mass were all lower for UN (n = 9) than C (n = 7) and intermediate for UN‐C foetuses (n = 6), with no effect of sex. PAT leptin gene expression (by the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction) was lower in UN than C and UN‐C groups, and lower in males than females. Gene expression (by in situ hybridisation with radiolabelled riboprobes) in the arcuate nucleus was greater in UN than C foetuses for neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti‐related peptide (AGRP) and leptin receptor (OBRb) but not different for pro‐opiomelanocortin and cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript. Gene expression in UN‐C foetuses was intermediate for NPY and AGRP and not different from C foetuses for OBRb. Gene expression for NPY, AGRP and OBRb correlated negatively with foetal carcass fat content and with PAT leptin gene expression across all groups. Males had greater mRNA expression for AGRP than females, with NPY and OBRb showing similar trends. Therefore, maternal undernutrition throughout pregnancy increased orexigenic gene expression in the late gestation foetal hypothalamus, and expression levels were largely normalised by improved maternal nutrition in the last third of pregnancy. These findings may have implications for avoiding or correcting prenatal programming of postnatal hyperphagia and obesity.
Effect of Cements at Different Temperatures on the Clinical Performance and Marginal Adaptation of Inlay‐Onlay Restorations In Vivo
Authors: Aygün Emiroğlu Şeyda , Evren Buket , Kulak Özkan Yasemin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical performance of inlays and onlays luted with two different resin cements, mixed at different temperatures and to evaluate the marginal adaptation of the restorations.Materials and MethodsOne hundred IPS e.max restorations (82 onlays, 18 inlays; 84 molars, 16 premolars) were placed in 50 patients (28 females, 22 males, mean age, 33 years). The restorations were assigned to six groups according to the luting agent temperature (25°C, 37°C, and 54°C) and cement type (Variolink N high viscosity or G‐Cem Automix). All restorations were evaluated after 1 week and 1 year by two examiners using modified USPHS criteria. Replicas of 30 selected onlay restorations (5 per group) were assessed for marginal quality under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 200×. Marginal adaptation was quantitatively evaluated in terms of percentage of gap formation, and marginal gap width was measured.ResultsAfter 1 year, the total survival rates of the Variolink N high viscosity group and G‐Cem Automix group were 100% and 93.8%, respectively. Three debondings occurred with the G‐Cem Automix group, one from each temperature group. For 1‐year clinical service time, no significant difference was noticed in the marginal adaptation of Variolink N high viscosity groups and the 37°C G‐Cem Automix group, while 25°C and 54°C G‐Cem Automix groups’ marginal adaptation scores decreased (p < 0.05). Regarding the SEM evaluations, Variolink N high viscosity cement groups showed better marginal adaptation than G‐Cem Automix cement groups (p < 0.05). Cementation with the cements preheated to 37°C increased continuous margins in both enamel–cement and cement–ceramic interfaces, but these results were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Cements at different temperatures did not have significant effects on marginal gap widths of the restorations.ConclusionsThe restorations cemented with Variolink N high viscosity cement mixed at the three tested temperatures exhibited better treatment options than the self‐adhesive groups. Preheating the self‐adhesive cement (G‐Cem Automix) to 37°C can be an effective method to have better marginal adaptation than the other self‐adhesive groups (25°C, 54°C) tested in this study.
Analysis of Bone Height Changes after Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Simultaneous and Delayed Placement of Dental Implants: A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Yin Lihua , Yu Zhanhai , Chen Zhuofan , Huang Baoxin , Zhang Kailiang , Zhou Ailing , Li Xiangxin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeTo retrospectively assess the changes of the vertical height of the maxillary sinus floor after augmentation with simultaneous and delayed placement of implants.Materials and MethodsIn total, 38 patients with 76 implants were involved; vertical bone height of the sinus floor was radiographically measured at different stages including preoperation, immediately postsurgery, 6 and 12 months postsurgery, and 6 and 24 months postfunctional loading.ResultsSinus augmentation significantly increased vertical bone height of the sinus floor for both the simultaneous and delayed groups. The survival rate was 100% in the simultaneous group and 95.46% in the delayed group. For simultaneous placement, the vertical bone height of the sinus floor at 6 and 12 months postsurgery was significantly less than that immediately postsurgery. For both groups, augmented bone height of the sinus floor showed significant decrease from 6 months to 24 months postfunctional loading. The mean value of final bone augmentation was 5.85 mm for simultaneous placement and 5.80 mm for delayed placements.ConclusionSinus augmentation with simultaneous and delayed placement of implants led to similar survival rates and bone augmentation. Resorption of augmentative bone was evident at 24 months postfunctional loading in both cases.
Fabricating an Accurate Implant Master Cast: A Technique Report
Authors: Balshi Thomas J. , Wolfinger Glenn J. , Alfano Stephen G. , Cacovean Jeannine N. , Balshi Stephen F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe technique for fabricating an accurate implant master cast following the 12‐week healing period after Teeth in a Day® dental implant surgery is detailed. The clinical, functional, and esthetic details captured during the final master impression are vital to creating an accurate master cast. This technique uses the properties of the all‐acrylic resin interim prosthesis to capture these details. This impression captures the relationship between the remodeled soft tissue and the interim prosthesis. This provides the laboratory technician with an accurate orientation of the implant replicas in the master cast with which a passive fitting restoration can be fabricated.
Shared and nonshared genomic divergence in parallel ecotypes of Littorina saxatilis at a local scale
Authors: Ravinet Mark , Westram Anja , Johannesson Kerstin , Butlin Roger , André Carl , Panova Marina 
Published: July 2015

AbstractParallel speciation occurs when selection drives repeated, independent adaptive divergence that reduces gene flow between ecotypes. Classical examples show parallel speciation originating from shared genomic variation, but this does not seem to be the case in the rough periwinkle (Littorina saxatilis) that has evolved considerable phenotypic diversity across Europe, including several distinct ecotypes. Small ‘wave’ ecotype snails inhabit exposed rocks and experience strong wave action, while thick‐shelled, ‘crab’ ecotype snails are larger and experience crab predation on less exposed shores. Crab and wave ecotypes appear to have arisen in parallel, and recent evidence suggests only marginal sharing of molecular variation linked to evolution of similar ecotypes in different parts of Europe. However, the extent of genomic sharing is expected to increase with gene flow and more recent common ancestry. To test this, we used de novo RAD‐sequencing to quantify the extent of shared genomic divergence associated with phenotypic similarities amongst ecotype pairs on three close islands (<10 km distance) connected by weak gene flow (Nm ~ 0.03) and with recent common ancestry (<10 000 years). After accounting for technical issues, including a large proportion of null alleles due to a large effective population size, we found ~8–28% of positive outliers were shared between two islands and ~2–9% were shared amongst all three islands. This low level of sharing suggests that parallel phenotypic divergence in this system is not matched by shared genomic divergence despite a high probability of gene flow and standing genetic variation.
Azole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates carrying TR34/L98H mutations in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chi‐Jung , Wang Hsuan‐Chen , Lee Jen‐Chieh , Lo Hsiu‐Jung , Dai Ching‐Tzu , Chou Pei‐Hsin , Ko Wen‐Chien , Chen Yee‐Chun 
Published: July 2015

SummaryCumulative evidence described the emergence and geographical expansion of azole‐resistant A. fumigatus associated with azole treatment failure. To investigate the status of azole resistance in A. fumigatus in Taiwan, we studied 38 A. fumigatus clinical isolates cultivated from 31 patients at two teaching hospitals from 2011 to 2014. Three isolates obtained from respiratory samples of two azole‐naïve patients with pulmonary aspergillosis were found to display multi‐azole resistance and cross resistance to agricultural azole fungicides, and all carried TR34/L98H mutations in cyp51A gene. The prevalence rates of azole resistance were 7.9% and 6.5% based on isolates and patients respectively. A phylogenetic analysis suggested genetic diversity of the TR34/L98H isolates in Taiwan, including a unique genotype distinct from strains outside Taiwan. The result underlines the emergence of such isolates in Taiwan as well, emphasising the importance of further surveillance for azole‐resistant A. fumigatus and implementation of strategies that prevent fungicide‐driven resistance selection.
High diversity of non‐sporulating moulds in respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients: should all the species be reported when diagnosing invasive aspergillosis?
Authors: Garcia‐Hermoso Dea , Alanio Alexandre , Cabaret Odile , Olivi Martine , Foulet Françoise , Cordonnier Catherine , Costa Jean‐Marc , Bretagne Stéphane 
Published: July 2015

SummaryNon‐sporulating moulds (NSMs) isolated from respiratory specimens are usually discarded without further testing although they may have pathogenic effects in immunocompromised patients. The objective of this study was to determine the identity and frequency of NSMs in patients with haematological malignancies. We analysed the mycological results of 251 consecutive respiratory samples from 104 haematology patients. Yeast and sporulating moulds were identified at the genus/species level according to their phenotypic features. NSMs were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. We detected 179 positive samples, of which 10.1% (18/179) were mixtures of moulds and 26.3% (47/179) were mixtures of moulds and yeast. We identified 142 moulds belonging to 11 different genera/species or groups, with Aspergillus fumigatus (n = 50), Penicillium spp. (n = 31) and NSM (n = 24) being the most frequently isolated species. Twenty‐two NSMs were successfully sequenced: 18 were basidiomycetes and six were ascomycetes, corresponding to 16 different genera/species. NSMs were isolated with A. fumigatus in the same sample or in a subsequent sample in five patients with probable invasive aspergillosis. The conclusion is that the respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients frequently contain very diverse mould species that may increase the virulence of pathogenic species. Reporting all mould species isolated when diagnosing invasive fungal infection could test this hypothesis.
Mitotic lifecycle of chromosomal 3xHMG‐box proteins and the role of their N‐terminal domain in the association with rDNA loci and proteolysis
Authors: Antosch Martin , Schubert Veit , Holzinger Philipp , Houben Andreas , Grasser Klaus D. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

The high mobility group (HMG)‐box is a DNA‐binding domain characteristic of various eukaryotic DNA‐binding proteins. 3xHMG‐box proteins (containing three copies of the HMG‐box domain and a unique basic N‐terminal domain) are specific for plants and the Arabidopsis genome encodes two versions termed 3xHMG‐box1 and 3xHMG‐box2, whose expression is cell cycle‐dependent, peaking during mitosis.

Here, we analysed in detail the spatiotemporal expression, subcellular localisation and chromosome association of the Arabidopsis thaliana 3xHMG‐box proteins.

Live cell imaging and structured illumination microscopy revealed that the expression of the 3xHMG‐box proteins is induced in late G2 phase of the cell cycle and upon nuclear envelope breakdown in prophase they rapidly associate with the chromosomes. 3xHMG‐box1 associates preferentially with 45S rDNA loci and the basic N‐terminal domain is involved in the targeting of rDNA loci. Shortly after mitosis the 3xHMG‐box proteins are degraded and an N‐terminal destruction‐box mediates the proteolysis. Ectopic expression/localisation of 3xHMG‐box1 in interphase nuclei results in reduced plant growth and various developmental defects including early bolting and abnormal flower morphology.

The remarkable conservation of 3xHMG‐box proteins within the plant kingdom, their characteristic expression during mitosis, and their striking association with chromosomes, suggest that they play a role in the organisation of plant mitotic chromosomes.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of whole‐of‐community interventions by socioeconomic position
Authors: Boelsen‐Robinson T. , Peeters A. , Beauchamp A. , Chung A. , Gearon E. , Backholer K. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWhole‐of‐community (WOC) interventions have led to modest reductions in population weight gain. Whether they exhibit differential effectiveness by socioeconomic position (SEP) remains unknown. We aimed to summarize evidence of differential effectiveness ofWOCinterventions bySEP. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched to identify studies that evaluated the effectiveness of aWOCintervention on behavioural change measures, energy balance behaviours and/or anthropometric outcomes according to any measure ofSEP. Interventions were assessed for the following characteristics: structural changes to the environment, number of settings the intervention acted in, presence of community engagement and whether equity was considered in its design. Ten studies were included. Nine reported a greater or equal effect among lowSEPgroups compared with highSEPgroups. These studies commonly featured interventions that incorporated structural changes to the environment, acted across more than three settings and/or employed community engagement. Conclusions did not change when excluding low‐quality studies (n = 4).WOCinterventions represent an effective and equitable approach for the reduction of population weight. Structural components, a larger number of settings and community engagement were common in equitableWOCinterventions and should be considered in the design of futureWOCinterventions.
Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetics of Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Following Multiple Oral Doses of Biphasic Immediate‐Release/Extended‐Release Oxycodone/Acetaminophen Tablets
Authors: Morton Terri , Franke Ryan , Devarakonda Krishna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether biphasic immediate‐release (IR)/extended‐release (ER) oxycodone (OC)/acetaminophen (APAP) 7.5/325‐mg tablets have clinically relevant variability in population pharmacokinetics (PK).DesignPost hoc analysis of 2 phase 1 randomized, open‐label, multiple‐dose crossover studies.SettingSingle contract research organization clinic.SubjectsMen and women aged 18 to 55 years with a body mass index of 19 to 30 kg/m2 and body weight ≥ 59 kg.MethodsFasted participants (N = 96) received 2 tablets of IR/ER OC/APAP 7.5/325 mg (total dose, 15/650 mg) every 12 hours for 4.5 days. Population PK analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling and evaluated 6 population variables.ResultsThe average PK estimates for OC were 75 L/hour for clearance (CL/F), 756 L for volume of distribution (V/F), and 0.581 per hour for absorption rate constant (Ka). Body weight was a statistically significant source of variability in V/F for OC at steady state. Average estimates for APAP were 25 L/hour for CL/F and 119 L for V/F. Sex was identified as a statistically significant source of variability in CL/F with predicted values for APAP of 25 L/hour in men and 21 L/hour in women. Body weight affected variability in V/F, with a predicted value of 193 L in men and 174 L in women for a 72‐kg participant at steady state.ConclusionsDose adjustments of < 50% are not clinically relevant for IR/ER OC/APAP 7.5/325‐mg tablets considering the approved dose of 1 to 2 tablets every 8 to 12 hours; thus, adjustment may be necessary for large deviations from normal body weight but not for sex.
Nickel Allergy and Our Children's Health: A Review of Indexed Cases and a View of Future Prevention
Authors: Jacob Sharon E. , Goldenberg Alina , Pelletier Janice L. , Fonacier Luz S. , Usatine Richard , Silverberg Nanette 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNickel is the leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from early childhood through adolescence. Studies have shown that skin piercings and other nickel‐laden exposures can trigger the onset of nickel ACD in those who are susceptible. Nickel ACD causes a vast amount of cutaneous disease in children. Cases of nickel ACD in children have been reported in peer‐reviewed literature from 28 states. Common items that contain inciting nickel include jewelry, coins, zippers, belts, tools, toys, chair studs, cases for cell phones and tablets, and dental appliances. The diagnosis of nickel ACD has been routinely confirmed by patch testing in children older than 6 months suspected of ACD from nickel. Unlike in Europe, there are no mandatory restrictions legislated for nickel exposure in the United States. Denmark has demonstrated that regulation of the nickel content in metals can lower the risk of ACD and the associated health care–related costs that arise from excess nickel exposure. To further awareness, this article reviews the prominent role of nickel in pediatric skin disease in the United States. It discusses the need for a campaign by caretakers to reduce nickel‐related morbidity. Lastly, it promotes the model of European legislation as a successful intervention in the prevention of nickel ACD.
Aplasia Cutis Congenita Associated with Fetus Papyraceus
Authors: Pieretti María Lía , Alcalá Rebeca , Boggio Paula , Noguera‐Morel Lucero , Porriño María Librada , Luna Paula C. , Hernández‐Martín Angela , Schroh Roberto , Larralde Margarita , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAplasia cutis congenita (ACC), or congenital absence of skin, is a heterogeneous condition that may be due to varied mechanisms. ACC has rarely been reported in association with fetus papyraceus, representing a peculiar phenotype of ACC. We present six new cases of neonates born with symmetric ACC associated with intrauterine fetal demise of co‐twins during the late first or early second trimester.