bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rectovaginal Fistula of Different Etiologies: Clinical Case Reports
Authors: Mitra P , Mukherjee S , Hassan H , Soreng PS , Adhikari S , Roy TK 
Published: September 2014

We report three cases of recto vaginal fistula (RVF) due to different etiologies. First case was due to sexual trauma (vaginal intercourse) which is not very common. The second case was due to obstetric trauma (the most common etiology of RVF) and the third case was caused by chronic lower genito-urinary infection in a HIV positive lady. We have included the successful surgical procedures of first two cases. But the repairing of the third case was failed hence planned to operate after six months. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11143 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 43-46
Increased Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis as a Result of 5- Oxoproline (Pyroglutamic Acid) in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Sathiyathasan S , Jeyanthan K , Soper H , Hamid R 
Published: September 2014

Accumulation of 5- Oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) is a rare cause of severe, high anion gap metabolic acidosis in adults. A 21 year old lady presented at 39 weeks gestation in her first pregnancy with 2 weeks history of shortness of breath. Arterial blood gas showed metabolic acidosis. Urine and serum samples were taken which showed an increase in the serum level of 5- Oxoproline -creatinine ratio indicating pyroglutamic metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis that is caused by 5- oxoproline results from disruption of the gamma glutamyl cycle. Glutamile synthetase (GS) deficiency is an autosomol recessive disorder. With GS deficiency, reduced glutathione levels increases gamma glutamile synthetase activity, and the resulting gamma - glutamile cystine levels are converted to 5-oxoproline.Suspicion for 5-oxoproline-associated high anion gap metabolic acidosis should be made when the cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis remains poorly defined. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11144 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 47-49
Very High CA125 due to Non-neoplastic Lesion of Ovary
Authors: Bista KDB 
Published: September 2014

High CA-125 levels have been strongly associated with ovarian malignancy. But due to nonspecific nature of this tumor marker it has been found to be raised to high levels above 1000u/Ml even in some non neoplastic conditions which have to be kept in mind. A young woman was found to have very high Ca125 levels of 3500u/Ml after rupture of endometrioma. Endometrioma, pelvic inflammatory disease, abdominal tuberculosis are some of the nonneoplastic conditions associated with very high levels of Ca125. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11146 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 52-54
Malignant Leiomyoblastoma: An Incidental Diagnosis
Authors: Ray S , Basak S , Chatterjee P 
Published: September 2014

DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11147 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 55-56
The relative and absolute frequencies of angiosperm sexual systems: Dioecy, monoecy, gynodioecy, and an updated online database
Authors: Renner Susanne S. 
Published: September 2014

• Premise of the study: Separating sexual function between different individuals carries risks, especially for sedentary organisms. Nevertheless, many land plants have unisexual gametophytes or sporophytes. This study brings together data and theoretical insights from research over the past 20 yr on the occurrence and frequency of plant sexual systems, focusing on the flowering plants.• Methods: A list of genera with dioecious species, along with other information, is made available (http://www.umsl.edu/∼renners/). Frequencies of other sexual systems are tabulated, and data on the genetic regulation, ecological context, and theoretical benefits of dioecy reviewed.• Key results: There are 15600 dioecious angiosperms in 987 genera and 175 families, or 5–6% of the total species (7% of genera, 43% of families), with somewhere between 871 to 5000 independent origins of dioecy. Some 43% of all dioecious angiosperms are in just 34 entirely dioecious clades, arguing against a consistent negative influence of dioecy on diversification. About 31.6% of the dioecious species are wind‐pollinated, compared with 5.5–6.4% of nondioecious angiosperms. Also, 1.4% of all angiosperm genera contain dioecious and monoecious species, while 0.4% contain dioecious and gynodioecious species. All remaining angiosperm sexual systems are rare. Chromosomal sex determination is known from 40 species; environmentally modulated sex allocation is common. Few phylogenetic studies have focused on the evolution of dioecy.• Conclusions: The current focus is on the genetic mechanisms underlying unisexual flowers and individuals. Mixed strategies of sexual and vegetative dispersal, together with plants’ sedentary life style, may often favor polygamous systems in which sexually inconstant individuals can persist. Nevertheless, there are huge entirely dioecious clades of tropical woody plants.
Sphères de reconnaissance
Authors: Abel Olivier 
Published: September 2014

L’idée de reconnaissance désamorce ce qu’une posture de dénonciation pourrait avoir de purement extérieur, pour penser les liens de l’intérieur. Et si la dénonciation est portée par l’idéal d’émancipation, la reconnaissance sait l’importance des attachements. Mais la reconnaissance ne saurait retomber dans une forme de quiétude trop apaisée, trop crédule aux médiations et réconciliations. Il doit rester une sorte d’inquiétude critique, elle-même mise en émoi par toutes les formes du déni de reconnaissance : le sentiment de méconnaissance à cet égard restera un sûr guide du travail de reconnaissance. Nous sommes notamment très focalisés sur l’injustice comprise comme inégalité économique, et sur la violence et la domination dans des rapports de force. Mais nous n’accordons peut-être pas assez d’importance à l’humiliation d’être sans parole ni estime de soi. La pluralité des registres de la vie sociale, avoir, pouvoir, valoir, exposée très tôt dans l’œuvre de Ricœur, nous aidera ainsi à élargir l’amplitude de la reconnaissance, jusqu’à lui restituer son sens épique.
Sensitivity of power functions to aggregation: Bias and uncertainty in radar rainfall retrieval
Authors: Sassi M. G. , Leijnse H. , Uijlenhoet R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRainfall retrieval using weather radar relies on power functions between radar reflectivity Z and rain rate R. The nonlinear nature of these relations complicates the comparison of rainfall estimates employing reflectivities measured at different scales. Transforming Z into R using relations that have been derived for other scales results in a bias and added uncertainty. We investigate the sensitivity of Z‐R relations to spatial and temporal aggregation using high‐resolution reflectivity fields for five rainfall events. Existing Z‐R relations were employed to investigate the behavior of aggregated Z‐R relations with scale, the aggregation bias, and the variability of the estimated rain rate. The prefactor and the exponent of aggregated Z‐R relations systematically diverge with scale, showing a break that is event‐dependent in the temporal domain and nearly constant in space. The systematic error associated with the aggregation bias at a given scale can become of the same order as the corresponding random error associated with intermittent sampling. The bias can be constrained by including information about the variability of Z within a certain scale of aggregation, and is largely captured by simple functions of the coefficient of variation of Z. Several descriptors of spatial and temporal variability of the reflectivity field are presented, to establish the links between variability descriptors and resulting aggregation bias. Prefactors in Z‐R relations can be related to multifractal properties of the rainfall field. We find evidence of scaling breaks in the structural analysis of spatial rainfall with aggregation.
Observing thermomagnetic stability of nonideal magnetite particles: Good paleomagnetic recorders?
Authors: Almeida Trevor P. , Kasama Takeshi , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Williams Wyn , Nagy Lesleis , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe thermomagnetic behavior of remanence‐induced magnetite (Fe3O4) particles in the pseudo‐single‐domain (PSD) size range (~0.1–10 µm), which dominate the magnetic signature of many rock lithologies, is investigated using off‐axis electron holography. Construction of magnetic induction maps allowed for the visualization of the vortex domain state in an individual Fe3O4 grain (~200 nm in diameter) as a function of temperature. Acquisition of a series of electron holograms at 100°C intervals during in situ heating up to 700°C demonstrates the vortex state of the Fe3O4 grain, in this instance, remains thermally stable close to its unblocking temperature and exhibits a similar in‐plane remanent state upon cooling; i.e., the particle is effectively behaving like a uniaxial single‐domain particle to temperatures near TC. Such particles are thought to be robust magnetic recorders. It is suggested that evidence for PSD behavior should therefore not preclude paleomagnetic investigation.
Cyclone‐cyclone interactions through the ocean pathway
Authors: Balaguru Karthik , Taraphdar Sourav , Leung L. Ruby , Foltz Gregory R. , Knaff John A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe intense sea surface temperature cooling caused by tropical cyclone‐induced mixing lasts several weeks and may thus influence a later cyclone passing over it. Using a 28 year analysis spanning the North Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and Northwest Pacific, we systematically demonstrate that, on average, when tropical cyclones encounter lingering wakes, they experience sea surface temperatures that are ∼0.25–0.5°C colder. Consequently, the intensification rates are lower for cyclones when they interact with wakes, consistent with the maximum potential intensity theory. The probability for cyclones to encounter lingering wakes varies positively with cyclone frequency, is ∼10% on average, and has been as high as 27%–37% in the past. These large interaction probabilities reduce the mean intensification rates for cyclones by 3%–6% on average and by ∼12%–15% during the most active years. “Cyclone‐cyclone interactions” may therefore represent a mechanism through which tropical cyclones self‐regulate their activity to an extent on intraseasonal time scales.
Dynamic weakening of serpentinite gouges and bare surfaces at seismic slip rates
Authors: Proctor B. P. , Mitchell T. M. , Hirth G. , Goldsby D. , Zorzi F. , Platt J. D. , Di Toro G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo investigate differences in the frictional behavior between initially bare rock surfaces of serpentinite and powdered serpentinite (“gouge”) at subseismic to seismic slip rates, we conducted single‐velocity step and multiple‐velocity step friction experiments on an antigorite‐rich and lizardite‐rich serpentinite at slip rates (V) from 0.003 m/s to 6.5 m/s, sliding displacements up to 1.6 m, and normal stresses (σn) up to 22 MPa for gouge and 97 MPa for bare surfaces. Nominal steady state friction values (μnss) in gouge at V = 1 m/s are larger than in bare surfaces for all σn tested and demonstrate a strong σn dependence; μnss decreased from 0.51 at 4.0 MPa to 0.39 at 22.4 MPa. Conversely, μnss values for bare surfaces remained ~0.1 with increasing σn and V. Additionally, the velocity at the onset of frictional weakening and the amount of slip prior to weakening were orders of magnitude larger in gouge than in bare surfaces. Extrapolation of the normal stress dependence for μnss suggests that the behavior of antigorite gouge approaches that of bare surfaces at σn ≥ 60 MPa. X‐ray diffraction revealed dehydration reaction products in samples that frictionally weakened. Microstructural analysis revealed highly localized slip zones with melt‐like textures in some cases gouge experiments and in all bare surfaces experiments for V ≥ 1 m/s. One‐dimensional thermal modeling indicates that flash heating causes frictional weakening in both bare surfaces and gouge. Friction values for gouge decrease at higher velocities and after longer displacements than bare surfaces because strain is more distributed.
Propagation of Coulomb stress uncertainties in physics‐based aftershock models
Authors: Cattania Camilla , Hainzl Sebastian , Wang Lifeng , Roth Frank , Enescu Bogdan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStress transfer between earthquakes is recognized as a fundamental mechanism governing aftershock sequences. A common approach to relate stress changes to seismicity rate changes is the rate‐and‐state constitutive law developed by Dieterich: these elements are the foundation of Coulomb‐rate‐and‐state (CRS) models. Despite the successes of Coulomb hypothesis and of the rate‐and‐state formulation, such models perform worse than statistical models in an operational forecasting context: one reason is that Coulomb stress is subject to large uncertainties and intrinsic spatial heterogeneity. In this study, we characterize the uncertainties in Coulomb stress inherited from different physical quantities and assess their effect on CRS models. We use a Monte Carlo method and focus on the following aspects: the existence of multiple receiver faults; the stress heterogeneity within grid cells, due to their finite size; and errors inherited from the coseismic slip model. We study two well‐recorded sequences from different tectonic settings: the Mw = 6.0 Parkfield and the Mw= 9.0 Tohoku earthquakes. We find that the existence of multiple receiver faults is the most important source of intrinsic stress heterogeneity, and CRS models perform significantly better when this variability is taken into account. The choice of slip model also generates large uncertainties. We construct an ensemble model based on published slip models and find that it outperforms individual models. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying sources of errors and quantifying confidence boundaries in the forecasts; moreover, we demonstrate that consideration of stress heterogeneity and epistemic uncertainty has the potential to improve the performance of operational forecasting models.
Hypoiodite‐Mediated Catalytic Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with Malononitrile
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Jones T. Nicholas , Yusubov Mekhman S. , Zhdankin Viktor V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn efficient synthetic procedure for dicyano‐cyclopropanation of alkenes using catalytic amounts of molecular iodine as a precatalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a terminal oxidant under mild conditions has been developed. This catalytic reaction works especially well for the aryl‐substituted double bond affording products of cyclopropanation in high yields. A catalytic cycle based on the generated in situ hypoiodite species has been proposed.magnified image
Polymer properties associated with chemical permeation performance of disposable nitrile rubber gloves
Authors: Phalen Robert N. , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTUnlike other chemical protective clothing and devices, disposable gloves are not reliably certified to exceed chemical permeation performance standards. In light of generalized chemical compatibility charts, significant variability in performance exists between similar products on the market. This study evaluates whether nitrile rubber composition and uniformity are better associated with the observed product variability in chemical resistance than the available mechanical testing (e.g., tensile strength) done on these products. The independent variables evaluated include two physical, three mechanical, and four compositional parameters. Based on correlation and multiple regression analyses, the factors associated with variation in permeation of ethanol are area density, acrylonitrile content, carboxylation of the base polymer, the amount of extractable oils and oily plasticizers, and polymer uniformity. Increases in area density, acrylonitrile content, and carboxylation improve chemical resistance. Decreases in extractable oils and polymer variability (uniformity) also improve chemical resistance. On average, these combined factors accounted for about 53–67% of the observed variability in permeation, which were moderate but not strong associations. In contrast, tensile strength accounted for about 1% of the observed variability, a negligible effect. These results support the notion that standardized tests and certification criteria need to address polymer composition and uniformity to reduce gaps in performance. However, in light of the lack of strong correlations, further evaluation with tighter control over chemical composition is warranted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41449.
Self‐Control Moderates Decision‐Making Behavior When Minimizing Losses versus Maximizing Gains
Authors: Pang Bo , Otto A. Ross , Worthy Darrell A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe examined (1) whether people would be more responsive to the delayed consequences of their decisions when attempting to minimize losses than when attempting to maximize gains in a history‐dependent decision‐making task and (2) how trait self‐control would moderate such an effect. In two experiments, participants performed a dynamic decision‐making task where they chose one of two options on each trial. The increasing option always gave a smaller immediate reward but caused future rewards for both options to increase. The decreasing option always gave a larger immediate reward but caused future rewards for both options to decrease. In Experiment 1 where the two options had equivalent expected value in the long run, participants were more prone to select the increasing option, which yielded larger benefits on future trials, in the loss‐minimization condition than in the gain‐maximization condition. Trait self‐control moderated the effect of losses by enhancing the effect for low self‐control participants while attenuating it for high self‐control participants. In Experiment 2 where selecting the increasing option was suboptimal, low self‐control participants still attempted to reduce losses on future trials by selecting the increasing option more often than high self‐control participants. These results suggest that decision makers value delayed consequences of their actions more in a losses domain relative to a gains domain and low self‐control individuals are more susceptible to such an effect. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Task‐dependent reorganization of functional connectivity networks during visual semantic decision making
Authors: DeSalvo Matthew N. , Douw Linda , Takaya Shigetoshi , Liu Hesheng , Stufflebeam Steven M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionFunctional MRI is widely used to study task‐related changes in neuronal activity as well as resting‐state functional connectivity. In this study, we explore task‐related changes in functional connectivity networks using fMRI. Dynamic connectivity may represent a new measure of neural network robustness that would impact both clinical and research efforts. However, prior studies of task‐related changes in functional connectivity have shown apparently conflicting results, leading to several competing hypotheses regarding the relationship between task‐related and resting‐state brain networks.MethodsWe used a graph theory‐based network approach to compare functional connectivity in healthy subjects between the resting state and when performing a clinically used semantic decision task. We analyzed fMRI data from 21 healthy, right‐handed subjects.ResultsWhile three nonoverlapping, highly intraconnected functional modules were observed in the resting state, an additional language‐related module emerged during the semantic decision task. Both overall and within‐module connectivity were greater in default mode network (DMN) and classical language areas during semantic decision making compared to rest, while between‐module connectivity was diffusely greater at rest, revealing a more widely distributed pattern of functional connectivity at rest.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that there are differences in network topology between resting and task states. Specifically, semantic decision making is associated with a reduction in distributed connectivity through hub areas of the DMN as well as an increase in connectivity within both default and language networks.
Quantitative Description of Structural Effects on the Stability of Gold(I) Carbenes
Authors: Ringger David H. , Kobylianskii Ilia J. , Serra Daniel , Chen Peter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Prof. Dr. Peter Chen at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland. The cover illustrates how the Chen group puts together an idea with elements stretching from physical to computational to preparative chemistry. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201403988.
The Absence of a Clinically Significant Effect of Food on the Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Vorapaxar, a PAR‐1 Antagonist, in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Behm Martin O. , Kosoglou Teddy , Miltenburg André M.M. , Li Jing , Statkevich Paul , Johnson‐Levonas Amy O. , Martinho Monika , Fackler Paul 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this open‐label, randomized, 2‐period crossover study, 16 healthy subjects received a single oral 2.5‐mg dose of vorapaxar in the fed (i.e., standardized high‐fat breakfast) and fasted (i.e., an overnight fast) state with a 6‐week washout. Plasma samples for vorapaxar assay were obtained pre‐dose and up to 72 hours post‐dose. Least squares (LS) geometric mean AUC0–72 hr and Cmax were analyzed by ANOVA. If 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the geometric mean ratios (GMRs; fed/fasted) of AUC0–72 hr and Cmax were within the 50–200% range, then food was deemed not to have a clinically important effect. The LS geometric mean (90% CI) AUC0–72 hr and Cmax of vorapaxar in the fasted state were 314 (284–348) ng hr/mL and 23.4 (20.7–26.4) ng/mL, respectively. The GMRs (fed/fasted) and 90% CIs for AUC0–72 hr and Cmax were 96.9 (92.2–102) and 79.1 (67.6–92.5), respectively. Vorapaxar was generally safe and well tolerated in the presence and absence of food. Concomitant food decreased the rate (i.e., 21% reduction in Cmax and 45‐min delay in Tmax) with no effect on the extent of vorapaxar absorption when administered as a single 2.5‐mg dose. Thus, vorapaxar can be administered without regard to food.