bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large single crystal growth, transport property and spectroscopic characterizations of three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
Authors: Sankar R. , Neupane M. , Xu S.-Y. , Butler C. J. , Zeljkovic I. , Panneer Muthuselvam I. , Huang F.-T. , Guo S.-T. , Karna Sunil K. , Chu M.-W. , Lee W. L. , Lin M.-T. , Jayavel R. , Madhavan V. , Hasan M. Z. , Chou F. C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe three dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetal is a new quantum state of matter that has attracted much attention recently in physics and material science. Here, we report on the growth of large plate-like single crystals of Cd3As2 in two major orientations by a self-selecting vapor growth (SSVG) method and the optimum growth conditions have been experimentally determined. The crystalline imperfections and electrical properties of the crystals were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and transport property measurements. This SSVG method makes it possible to control the as-grown crystal compositions with excess Cd or As leading to mobilities near 5–105 cm2V−1s−1. Zn-doping can effectively reduce the carrier density to reach the maximum residual resistivity ratio (RRR"Equation missing"ρ300K/ρ5K) of 7.6. A vacuum-cleaved single crystal has been investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to reveal a single Dirac cone near the center of the surface Brillouin zone with a binding energy of approximately 200 meV.
Difficidin and bacilysin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 have antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae rice pathogens
Authors: Wu Liming , Wu Huijun , Chen Lina , Yu Xinfang , Borriss Rainer , Gao Xuewen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak are serious, economically damaging, diseases of rice caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 was shown to possess biocontrol activity against these Xanthomonas strains by producing the antibiotic compounds difficidin and bacilysin. Analyses using fluorescence, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy revealed difficidin and bacilysin caused changes in the cell wall and structure of Xanthomonas. Biological control experiments on rice plants demonstrated the ability of difficidin and bacilysin to suppress disease. Difficidin and bacilysin caused downregulated expression of genes involved in Xanthomonas virulence, cell division and protein and cell wall synthesis. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 as a biocontrol agent against bacterial diseases of rice and the utility of difficidin and bacilysin as antimicrobial compounds.
A start codon mutation of the FRMD7 gene in two Korean families with idiopathic infantile nystagmus
Authors: Choi Jae-Hwan , Shin Jin-Hong , Seo Je Hyun , Jung Jae-Ho , Choi Kwang-Dong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIdiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) is the involuntary oscillation of the eyes with onset in the first few months of life. The most common form of inheritance is X-linked and mutations in FRMD7 gene are a major cause. To identify the FRMD7 gene mutations associated with X-linked IIN, we performed PCR-based DNA direct sequencing in 4 affected subjects from 2 Korean families. We also assessed structural abnormalities of retina and optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Genetic analysis revealed a A>G transversion at nucleotide c.1, the first base of the start codon. This mutation leads to the loss of the primary start codon ATG for methionine, which is replaced by a triplet GTG for valine. The alternative in-frame start codon is not present around a mutation. OCT revealed the morphological changes within the optic nerve head, including shallow cup depth and small cup-to-disc ratio. In summary, we identified a novel start codon mutation within the FRMD7 gene of 2 Korean families. Our data expands the mutation spectrum of FRMD7 causing IIN. We also demonstrated abnormal developments of afferent system in patients with FRMD7 mutations using OCT, which may help to understand the etiological factor in development of nystagmus.
Improve oxidation resistance at high temperature by nanocrystalline surface layer
Authors: Xia Z. X. , Zhang C. , Huang X. F. , Liu W. B. , Yang Z. G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn interesting change of scale sequence occurred during oxidation of nanocrystalline surface layer by means of a surface mechanical attrition treatment. The three-layer oxide structure from the surface towards the matrix is Fe3O4, spinel FeCr2O4 and corundum (Fe,Cr)2O3, which is different from the typical two-layer scale consisted of an Fe3O4 outer layer and an FeCr2O4 inner layer in conventional P91 steel. The diffusivity of Cr, Fe and O is enhanced concurrently in the nanocrystalline surface layer, which causes the fast oxidation in the initial oxidation stage. The formation of (Fe,Cr)2O3 inner layer would inhabit fast diffusion of alloy elements in the nanocrystalline surface layer of P91 steel in the later oxidation stage and it causes a decrease in the parabolic oxidation rate compared with conventional specimens. This study provides a novel approach to improve the oxidation resistance of heat resistant steel without changing its Cr content.
Spatial correlations and optical properties in three-dimensional deterministic aperiodic structures
Authors: Renner Michael , Freymann Georg von 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPhotonic systems have strongly varying optical properties depending on the spatial correlations present in a given realization. In photonic crystals the correlations are spatially periodic forming Bravais lattices whereas the building blocks of an amorphous medium are randomly distributed without any long-range order. In this manuscript we study the optical properties of so-called deterministic aperiodic structures which fill the gap between the aforementioned two limiting cases. Within this group we vary the spectrum of the spatial correlations from being pure-point over singularly-continuous to absolutely-continuous. The desired correlations are created in direct-laser written three-dimensional polymer structures using one construction principle which allows us to attribute the optical behaviour solely to the encoded spectrum. Infrared reflection measurements reveal the characteristic response of each spectral type verifying the successful fabrication of large deterministic aperiodic structures. To prove the presence of the correlations in all directions we perform transmission experiments parallel to the substrate by means of micro-optical mirrors placed next to the structures. Transport measurements reveal a strong dependence of the effective beam width at the output facet on the encoded lattice type. Finally, we reproduce the lattice type dependent transport behavior in numerical calculations ruling out extrinsic experimental reasons for these findings.
Evolutionary conservation analysis between the essential and nonessential genes in bacterial genomes
Authors: Luo Hao , Gao Feng , Lin Yan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEssential genes are thought to be critical for the survival of the organisms under certain circumstances and the natural selection acting on essential genes is expected to be stricter than on nonessential ones. Up to now, essential genes have been identified in approximately thirty bacterial organisms by experimental methods. In this paper, we performed a comprehensive comparison between the essential and nonessential genes in the genomes of 23 bacterial species based on the Ka/Ks ratio and found that essential genes are more evolutionarily conserved than nonessential genes in most of the bacteria examined. Furthermore, we also analyzed the conservation by functional clusters with the clusters of orthologous groups (COGs) and found that the essential genes in the functional categories of G (Carbohydrate transport and metabolism), H (Coenzyme transport and metabolism), I (Transcription), J (Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis), K (Lipid transport and metabolism) and L (Replication, recombination and repair) tend to be more evolutionarily conserved than the corresponding nonessential genes in bacteria. The results suggest that the essential genes in these subcategories are subject to stronger selective pressure than the nonessential genes and therefore, provide more insights of the evolutionary conservation for the essential and nonessential genes in complex biological processes.
Vernetzung, Koordination und Verantwortung durch Gesundheitsregionenplus: Neue gesundheitspolitische Ansätze und Entwicklungen in Bayern
Authors: Hollederer A. , Eicher A. , Pfister F. , Stühler K. , Wildner M. 
Published: August 2015

ZusammenfassungFür viele Versorgungs- und Gesundheitsprobleme in der Bevölkerung braucht es passgenaue Lösungen, die auf die örtlichen Gegebenheiten Rücksicht nehmen. Um dies zu erreichen, sind professionelle Management- und Steuerungsinstrumente sowie ein fachlich kompetentes Netzwerk vor Ort nötig. Eine solche Struktur bieten die neuen „Gesundheitsregionenplus“ in Bayern, deren Fachkonzept im Kurzbeitrag vorgestellt wird. Die Gesundheitsregionenplus zielen darauf, den Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung zu verbessern, die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität auch im Hinblick auf die gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit zu erhöhen und die wohnortnahe Gesundheitsversorgung weiterzuentwickeln. Das Bayerische Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege (StMGP) stellt für zunächst maximal 24 Landkreise und kreisfreie Städte Finanzmittel von jährlich bis zu 50 000 Euro je Gesundheitsregionplus bis Ende 2019 zur Verfügung. Zur Struktur der Gesundheitsregionenplus gehören die Einrichtung einer koordinierenden Geschäftsstelle als „Motor“, die Gründung eines Gesundheitsforums als Planungs- und Steuerungsgremium und der Aufbau von themenbezogenen Arbeitsgruppen. Die Gesundheitsregionenplus binden alle relevanten regionalen Akteure des Gesundheitswesens unter Vorsitz des Landrats bzw. Oberbürgermeisters ein. Sie wirken vorrangig in den zentralen Handlungsfeldern Gesundheitsversorgung und Prävention/Gesundheitsförderung sowie weiteren fakultativen regionalspezifischen Handlungsfeldern mit. Die Gesundheitsregionenplus werden vom Bayerischen Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LGL) fachlich begleitet und wissenschaftlich evaluiert. Eine dort eingerichtete fachliche Leitstelle stellt den Informations- und Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen den Gesundheitsregionenplus her. Ein solcher regionaler Gesamtansatz verändert zwar nicht die gesetzlich vorgegebenen Entscheidungsstrukturen und –verantwortlichkeiten, gibt den Kommunen aber ein Instrument an die Hand, die örtlichen Bedürfnisse stärker in den Entscheidungsprozess einzubringen.
Endothelial Activation Is Associated With Cognitive Performance in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Uiterwijk Renske , Huijts Marjolein , Staals Julie , Rouhl Rob P. W. , De Leeuw Peter W. , Kroon Abraham A. , Van Oostenbrugge Robert J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension is associated with the occurrence of cognitive deficits and dementia, probably because hypertension is a major risk factor for the occurrence of brain damage as a result of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Endothelial activation and inflammation have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cSVD. We investigated if compound scores of endothelial activation or inflammation, based on several blood markers, are associated with cognitive performance 3 years later in patients with essential hypertension.

METHODS
At baseline, levels of blood markers of endothelial activation (soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), sP-selectin, and sE-selectin) and markers of inflammation (neopterin, C-reactive protein, and sICAM-1) were measured and transformed into compound scores using z -scores. In addition, a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to determine the presence of cSVD-related MRI markers. Three years later, patients underwent a neuropsychological assessment to determine cognitive performance.

RESULTS
A total of 101 patients with hypertension were included in the present study. In multiple linear regression analyses with correction for demographics and MRI markers, the compound score of endothelial activation ( B = −0.19, 95% confidence interval = −0.34 to −0.04, P = 0.014), but not of inflammation ( B = −0.09, 95% confidence interval = −0.22 to 0.05, P = 0.198), was associated with worse cognitive performance.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that an overall measure of endothelial activation is associated with cognitive performance in patients with essential hypertension. This indicates that a process involving endothelial activation might play a role in the pathogenesis of cognitive problems in patients with hypertension.
Causal mediation analysis for longitudinal data with exogenous exposure
Authors: Bind M.-A. C. , Vanderweele T. J. , Coull B. A. , Schwartz J. D. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mediation analysis is a valuable approach to examine pathways in epidemiological research. Prospective cohort studies are often conducted to study biological mechanisms and often collect longitudinal measurements on each participant. Mediation formulae for longitudinal data have been developed. Here, we formalize the natural direct and indirect effects using a causal framework with potential outcomes that allows for an interaction between the exposure and the mediator. To allow different types of longitudinal measures of the mediator and outcome, we assume two generalized mixed-effects models for both the mediator and the outcome. The model for the mediator has subject-specific random intercepts and random exposure slopes for each cluster, and the outcome model has random intercepts and random slopes for the exposure, the mediator, and their interaction. We also expand our approach to settings with multiple mediators and derive the mediated effects, jointly through all mediators. Our method requires the absence of time-varying confounding with respect to the exposure and the mediator. This assumption is achieved in settings with exogenous exposure and mediator, especially when exposure and mediator are not affected by variables measured at earlier time points. We apply the methodology to data from the Normative Aging Study and estimate the direct and indirect effects, via DNA methylation, of air pollution, and temperature on intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) protein levels. Our results suggest that air pollution and temperature have a direct effect on ICAM-1 protein levels (i.e. not through a change in ICAM-1 DNA methylation) and that temperature has an indirect effect via a change in ICAM-1 DNA methylation.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Treatment Is Associated With a Higher Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Strains in Women With Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Cai Tommaso , Nesi Gabriella , Mazzoli Sandra , Meacci Francesca , Lanzafame Paolo , Caciagli Patrizio , Mereu Liliana , Tateo Saverio , Malossini Gianni , Selli Cesare , Bartoletti Riccardo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background.  Women suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are routinely treated for asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB), but the consequences of this procedure on antibiotic resistance are not fully known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of AB treatment on antibiotic resistance among women with rUTIs.
Methods.  The study population consisted of 2 groups of women who had previously been enrolled in a randomized clinical trial: group A was not treated, and group B was treated. All women were scheduled for follow-up visits every 6 months, or more frequently if symptoms arose. Microbiological evaluation was performed only in symptomatic women. All women were followed up for a mean of 38.8 months to analyze data from urine cultures and antibiograms.
Results.  The previous study population consisted of 673 women, but 123 did not attend the entire follow-up period. For the final analysis, 257 of the remaining 550 patients were assigned to group A, and 293 to group B. At the end of follow-up, the difference in recurrence rates was statistically significant (P &lt; .001): 97 (37.7%) in group A versus 204 (69.6%) in group B. Isolated Escherichia coli from group B showed higher resistance to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (P = .03), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = .01), and ciprofloxacin (P = .03) than that from group A.
Conclusions.  This study shows that AB treatment is associated with a higher occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, indicating that AB treatment in women with rUTIs is potentially dangerous.
An ecosystem approach to mixed fisheries: technical and biological interactions in the Portuguese multi-gear fleet
Authors: Cardoso Inês , Moura Teresa , Mendes Hugo , Silva Cristina , Azevedo Manuela 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The term “mixed fisheries” refers to fishing activities where more than one species are caught simultaneously and one species may be fished by different gears. Therefore, mixed fisheries present a harder challenge for fisheries management than single-species fisheries and the uncertainty can start at the definition of the target species. In these particular fisheries, we have a large group of species that are caught, being target or not, species with large landing values that are actually not target, and species with a high economic value that can fall in the bycatch category. Although the dynamics of such fisheries is poorly understood, they are known to have a relevant contribution to Portuguese fishers' revenue. The present demand on sustainable fishing activities to ensure marine ecosystem preservation has led towards an ecosystem approach where effort is being made to take into account biological and technical interactions on management measures and advice. In this work, logbooks data of the Portuguese multi-gear fleet were used to identify different fisheries based on catch composition and gears through cluster analysis (CLARA). Two identified fisheries were used to explore the impact of these fishing activities on the ecosystem scale. This approach was achieved by a productivity and susceptibility analysis and through foodweb analysis. The relation between species vulnerability and their functional role in the ecosystem were highlighted. Technical interactions among fishing gears, and species biological interactions, were explored within and among fisheries. We found and illustrated that these interactions go beyond the fleets and fisheries considered in the present work. This approach allows us to identify key elements that can, ultimately, be relevant to an ecosystem-based approach towards mixed fisheries management.
ALMA imaging of SDP.81 – II. A pixelated reconstruction of the CO emission lines
Authors: Rybak M. , Vegetti S. , McKean J. P. , Andreani P. , White S. D. M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We present a sub-100 pc-scale analysis of the CO molecular gas emission and kinematics of the gravitational lens system SDP.81 at redshift 3.042 using Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) science verification data and a visibility-plane lens reconstruction technique. We find clear evidence for an excitation-dependent structure in the unlensed molecular gas distribution, with emission in CO (5–4) being significantly more diffuse and structured than in CO (8–7). The intrinsic line luminosity ratio is r8–7/5−4 = 0.30 ± 0.04, which is consistent with other low-excitation starbursts at z ∼ 3. An analysis of the velocity fields shows evidence for a star-forming disc with multiple velocity components that is consistent with a merger/post-coalescence merger scenario, and a dynamical mass of M(&lt;1.56 kpc) = 1.6 ± 0.6 × 1010 M⊙. Source reconstructions from ALMA and the Hubble Space Telescope show that the stellar component is offset from the molecular gas and dust components. Together with Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array CO (1–0) data, they provide corroborative evidence for a complex ∼2 kpc-scale starburst that is embedded within a larger ∼15 kpc structure.
Crowdsourcing: Spatial clustering of low-affinity binding sites amplifiesin vivotranscription factor occupancy
Authors: Malin Justin , Ezer Daphne , Ma Xiaoyan , Mount Steve , Karathia Hiren , Park Seung Gu , Adryan Boris , Hannenhalli Sridhar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo predictin vivooccupancy of a transcription factor (TF), current models consider only the immediate genomic context of a putative binding site (BS) – impact of the site’s spatial chromatin context is not known. Using clusters of spatially proximal enhancers, or archipelagos, and DNase footprints to quantify TF occupancy, we report for the first time an emergent group-level effect on occupancy, whereby BS within an archipelago experience greaterin vivooccupancy than comparable BS outside archipelagos, i.e. BS not in spatial proximity with other homotypic BS. This occupancy boost is tissue-specific and scales robustly with the total number of BS, or enhancers, for the TF in the archipelago. Interestingly, enhancers within an archipelago are non-uniformly impacted by the occupancy boost; specifically, archipelago enhancers that are enriched for BS corresponding to degenerate motifs exhibit the greatest occupancy boost, as well as the highest overall accessibility, evolutionary selection, and expression at neighboring gene loci. Strikingly, archipelago-wide activity scales with expression of TFs with degenerate, but not specific, motifs. We explain these results through biophysical modelling, which suggests that spatially proximal homotypic BS facilitate TF diffusion, and induce boosts in local TF concentration and occupancy. Together, we demonstrate for the first time cooperativity among genomically distal homotypic BS that is contingent upon their spatial proximity, consistent with a TF diffusion model. Through leveraging of three-dimensional chromatin structure and TF availability, weak archipelago binding sitescrowdsourcetheir occupancy as well as context specificity, with coordinated switch-like effect on overall archipelago activity.
Hebbian Wiring Plasticity Generates Efficient Network Structures for Robust Inference with Synaptic Weight Plasticity
Authors: Hiratani Naoki , Fukai Tomoki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the adult mammalian cortex, a small fraction of spines are created and eliminated every day, and the resultant synaptic connection structure is highly nonrandom, even in local circuits. However, it remains unknown whether a particular synaptic connection structure is functionally advantageous in local circuits, and why creation and elimination of synaptic connections is necessary in addition to rich synaptic weight plasticity. To answer these questions, we studied an inference task model through theoretical and numerical analyses. We demonstrate that a robustly beneficial network structure naturally emerges by combining Hebbian-type synaptic weight plasticity and wiring plasticity. Especially in a sparsely connected network, wiring plasticity achieves reliable computation by enabling efficient information transmission. Furthermore, the proposed rule reproduces experimental observed correlation between spine dynamics and task performance.