bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Patient – Centered Approach to Addressing Physical Activity in Older Adults: Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Letourneau Katherine , Goodman Janice H. 
Published: September 2014

How to Obtain Contact Hours by Reading this Article

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1.2
contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz. A contact hour certificate will be awarded once you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at
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. To obtain contact hours you must:

1.
Read the article, “A Patient-Centered Approach to Addressing Physical Activity in Older Adults: Motivational Interviewing” found on pages 26–32, carefully noting any tables and other illustrative materials that are included to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content. Be sure to keep track of the amount of time (number of minutes) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz.

2.
Read and answer each question on the quiz. After completing all of the questions, compare your answers to those provided within this issue. If you have incorrect answers, return to the article for further study.

3.
Go to the Villanova website listed above to register for contact hour credit. You will be asked to provide your name; contact information; and a VISA, MasterCard, or Discover card number for payment of the $20.00 fee. Once you complete the online evaluation, a certificate will be automatically generated.

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Contact Hours
This activity is co-provided by Villanova University College of Nursing and SLACK Incorporated.
Villanova University College of Nursing is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

Activity Objectives

1.
Describe motivational interviewing as a method to address ambivalence in making a health behavior change.

2.
Identify the processes and core skills inherent in motivational interviewing.

Disclosure Statement
Neither the planners nor the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose.

Regular physical activity reduces the burden of chronic diseases in older adults, but the majority of this population is relatively sedentary. Individuals considering a change in behavior, such as increasing exercise, often experience a mental state of ambivalence, which can lead to inaction. Ambivalence is resistant to traditional counseling methods used in medical settings, such as patient education. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a conversational style that has been shown to help overcome ambivalence by guiding patients to voice their personal reasons for change. Nurse practitioners are uniquely positioned to use MI with older adults to address ambivalence toward increasing physical activity. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 40
(11), 26–32.]
Masked Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy in Children
Authors: Dotan Gad , Roarty John D. , Baker John D. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:
Following surgery on an eye for unilateral superior oblique palsy, it is a well-recognized postoperative occurrence for the unoperated eye to develop superior oblique palsy, commonly referred to as masked bilateral superior oblique palsy. The purpose of this study was to describe this postoperative finding in children following unilateral inferior oblique weakening surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective review of records of children who underwent unilateral inferior oblique weakening surgery at Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, from 1987 to 2005, including information on the development of masked bilateral superior oblique palsy with contralateral inferior oblique overaction requiring a second surgical intervention.

Results:

Of 50 children (25 boys and 25 girls, mean age: 5.6 years) who underwent unilateral inferior oblique weakening surgery (47 recessions and 3 myectomies), 9 (18%) manifested masked bilateral superior oblique palsy postoperatively, requiring subsequent surgical weakening of the inferior oblique muscle in the unoperated eye. Preoperative primary position hypertropia in children who were eventually diagnosed as having masked bilateral superior oblique palsy (5.56 ± 4.22 prism diopters [PD]) was significantly smaller compared to children with unilateral superior oblique palsy (10.4 ± 6.5 PD,
P
= .012), and preoperative primary position hypertropia of less than 5 PD was associated with an odds ratio of 8.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.7 to 38.5,
P
= .008) for requiring reoperation.

Conclusions:
Masked bilateral superior oblique palsy is a possible outcome after surgery for the correction of pediatric unilateral superior oblique palsy. Parents should be informed of this possible outcome, especially when primary position hypertropia is less than 5 PD.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(6):333–336.]
Gadamer’s Poetics: A Critique of Modern Aesthetics
Authors: Arthos John 
Published: September 2014

Gadamer's writing on art is typically seen as supporting his philosophical theory of truth. Drawing together a coherent theory of the work of art from the corpus of Gadamer's writings, this is the first full-length examination of Gadamer's theory of the work of art in its own right.
Close readings of Gadamer's treatment of aesthetics in Truth and Method, as well as his many essays and lectures on art, highlight an approach to art that is not ancillary to historical, philosophical, and linguistic themes. The book establishes Gadamer's position on the criteria for the judgment of art, and the balance between production and reception from a hermeneutic perspective. Offering useful insights to some of the most tantalizing and obscure Gadamerian themes, this not only makes a significant addition to Gadamer scholarship, but provides aesthetics scholars, critics, and interpreters with new ways of thinking about art.
Marx Through Post-Structuralism
Authors: Choat Simon 
Published: September 2014

Marx Through Post-Structuralism presents a thorough critical examination of the readings of Marx given by four post-structuralist thinkers, all key figures in Continental philosophy: Jean-François Lyotard, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Gilles Deleuze. Arguing that both Marx and the post-structuralists seek to produce a genuinely materialist philosophy, the author aims to develop a better understanding of both Marx and post-structuralism and in so doing to reflect on the possibilities and problems for materialist philosophy more broadly.
Against the common assumption that post-structuralism begins with a rejection of Marx, Choat argues that Marx has been a key influence on post-structuralist thought and that each of the four thinkers examined affirms Marx's contemporary significance. By looking at how these thinkers have read Marx - analysing their direct comments, unspoken uses, and implicit criticisms - the book demonstrates that there is a distinct and original post-structuralist approach to Marx that allows us to read him in a new light.
The Metaphysics of Love
Authors: Sandford Stella 
Published: September 2014

Emmanuel Levinas is best known for having reintroduced the question of ethics into the Continental philosophical tradition. In The Metaphysics of Love, however, Stella Sandford argues that an over-emphasis on ethics in the reception of Levinas's thought has covered over both the basis and the details of his philosophical project--a metaphysics which affirms the necessity to think of an unqualified transcendence as a first principle.
Sandford's book is at the same time a powerful feminist critique of both Levinas's gendered philosophical categories and the attempt to reclaim aspects of this philosophy for feminist theory.
Identity and Pedagogy in Higher Education
Authors: Bhopal Kalwant , Danaher Patrick Alan 
Published: September 2014

Kalwant Bhopal and Patrick Danaher examine ‘race’, identity and gender within education and explore the difficulties of relating these concepts to the experience of students in higher education. In drawing together the experience of local and international students in the UK and in Australia, they examine the ways identities are understood and conceptualized within higher education in local contexts and on a global level. They consider the complexity of ‘race’, gender and identity in relation to education within the context that education continues to be dominated by predominantly white, middle class values and perspectives.
Identity and Pedagogy in Higher Education examines the extent to which education as a vehicle for change in the light of the controversial debates surrounding race and gender inequalities.
The effect of three-dimensional imaging of well-known objects on time and accuracy of mental rotation
Authors: Francuz Piotr 
Published: September 2014

<b>Background</b><br />
The purpose of this study was to verify hypotheses concerning the effect of three-dimensional imaging and the canonicity of objects presented in the original position on the reaction time (RT) and the accuracy (A) of mental rotation task (MRT) execution. The classical paradigm of MRT, developed by Shepard and Metzler (1971), was used in the experiment.<br />
<br />
<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
One hundred fifty-eight undergraduate students (88 female and 70 male), aged 18-30 years, participated in the experiment. All participants had normal vision or corrected vision, and reported no stereo blindness. The sequential version of the MRT was used in the experiment. Participants answered whether the object observed in the second position was only rotated or both rotated and mirror-reversed, in comparison to its original position. The answer (accuracy) and its latency (RT) were recorded.<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
As predicted by the mental rotation model, both the “U”-shaped A-MRT distribution and the inverted “U”-shaped RT-MRT distribution were found, due to the angular disparity. For the RT-MRT, this effect was more pronounced when the objects were displayed stereoscopically than in a plane, and when the objects were presented in the original position from the canonical orientation rather than an unusual point of view. On the other hand, in the case of the A-MRT, an effect of the orientation of objects presented in the original position on strengthening the relationship between accuracy and angular disparity was found.<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
The results indicated that the interactions between the presentation of the objects in the mental rotation task (stereoscopically vs. in a plane) and the orientation of the object in its original position (canonically vs. unusual) are more complicated than would appear from predictions of classical theories of mental rotation. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the theories of recognition and categorization.
New challenges for clinical health psychology in diagnosis and therapy of tinnitus
Authors: Klepas Monika , Szymiec Eugeniusz , Sęk Helena , Obrębowska Zofia , Sowińska Anna 
Published: September 2014

<b>Background</b><br />
Tinnitus is becoming a social issue as the number of individuals suffering from this condition is still increasing. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of tinnitus and related distress, as well as general psychiatric distress of affected individuals.<br />
<br />
<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
The study included 169 tinnitus patients aged between 22 and 88 years (mean 53.52). The duration of tinnitus ranged between 5 months and 30 years (mean 5.29 years). The participants presented either with normal hearing or with hearing loss. The study was based on a standardized interview and examination with two psychometric instruments: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
Duration of tinnitus, its subjective severity, experiencing negative emotions and lack of social support turned out to be a composite measure determining the level of tinnitus-related distress. In turn, the level of psychiatric distress was determined by sex of the participants, presence of difficulties in life, subjective severity of tinnitus and lack of social support.<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
Characteristics of tinnitus and its psychological consequences affect various functional aspects and health of the affected patients. The diagnostic instruments used in the study (THI and GHQ-28) proved to be appropriate and identified a subset of tinnitus patients who required appropriate psychotherapeutic intervention. The complex situation of patients experiencing subjective signs of tinnitus points to a necessity of cooperation between specialists in laryngology and psychologists, as a vital component of multidisciplinary evaluation and the therapeutic process.
Community and research staff collaboration for development of materials to inform microbicide study participants in Africa
Authors: Woodsong Cynthia , Mutsambi John Michael , Ntshele Smangalisa , Modikoe Peggy 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionClinical trials of new vaginal products require careful communication with participants about trial requirements. Most microbicide trials have been multi‐site studies conducted among women in sub‐Saharan Africa, where literacy levels and understanding of scientific methods differ from those designing and conducting the trials. Microbicide trials require women to insert objects in their vagina and ensure they are present in the vagina during sex. For many women, this is a novel behaviour. These behaviours take place within the context of clinical trial participation, which is an additional novelty. Research teams must develop informational materials to help participants understand the clinical trial and input from local research staff and community members can improve the content and format of these materials.MethodsThis paper discusses the development of illustrated materials developed for microbicide trial participants, presenting examples from two studies. In both studies, research staff and community advisory groups collaborated to review and revise materials.ResultsCollaborative efforts revealed insights about how to convey information about clinical trial participation and microbicide use. These insights highlighted realities of the local context, details that might be misunderstood, illustrations of a sensitive nature and concerns about blood testing. In particular, information about blood testing and product use instructions required careful consideration. Although the research team anticipated needing advice on how best to convey information on these topics to participants, some aspects of potential participant concerns about these topics were also new to the research team. Community advisors and local research staff suggested better ways to convey this information, and provided guidance on how to use the materials.ConclusionsThe collaboration served to develop informational materials for microbicide trial participants. Furthermore, staff gained a better understanding of issues and concerns that could influence trial participation. A collaborative engagement process can provide important insights into local culture and knowledge beyond what is needed for development of clinical trial participant information materials. Research teams should be sensitive to this possibility, avail themselves of information and take appropriate action.
An empirical approach to modeling ion production rates in Titan's ionosphere I: Ion production rates on the dayside and globally
Authors: Richard M. S. , Cravens T. E. , Wylie C. , Webb D. , Chediak Q. , Perryman R. , Mandt K. , Westlake J. , Waite J. H. , Robertson I. , Magee B. A. , Edberg N. J. T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTitan's ionosphere is created when solar photons, energetic magnetospheric electrons or ions, and cosmic rays ionize the neutral atmosphere. Electron densities generated by current theoretical models are much larger than densities measured by instruments on board the Cassini orbiter. This model density overabundance must result either from overproduction or from insufficient loss of ions. This is the first of two papers that examines ion production rates in Titan's ionosphere, for the dayside and nightside ionosphere, respectively. The first (current) paper focuses on dayside ion production rates which are computed using solar ionization sources (photoionization and electron impact ionization by photoelectrons) between 1000 and 1400 km. In addition to theoretical ion production rates, empirical ion production rates are derived from CH4, CH3+, and CH4+ densities measured by the INMS (Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer) for many Titan passes. The modeled and empirical production rate profiles from measured densities of N2+ and CH4+ are found to be in good agreement (to within 20%) for solar zenith angles between 15 and 90°. This suggests that the overabundance of electrons in theoretical models of Titan's dayside ionosphere is not due to overproduction but to insufficient ion losses.
MHD heliosphere with boundary conditions from a tomographic reconstruction using interplanetary scintillation data
Authors: Kim T. K. , Pogorelov N. V. , Borovikov S. N. , Jackson B. V. , Yu H.‐S. , Tokumaru M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObservations of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) provide a set of data that is used in estimating the solar wind parameters with reasonably good accuracy. Various tomography techniques have been developed to deconvolve the line‐of‐sight integration effects ingrained in observations of IPS to improve the accuracy of solar wind reconstructions. Among those, the time‐dependent tomography developed at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) is well known for its remarkable accuracy in reproducing the solar wind speed and density at Earth by iteratively fitting a kinematic solar wind model to observations of IPS and near‐Earth spacecraft measurements. However, the kinematic model gradually breaks down as the distance from the Sun increases beyond the orbit of Earth. Therefore, it would be appropriate to use a more sophisticated model, such as a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model, to extend the kinematic solar wind reconstruction beyond the Earth's orbit and to the outer heliosphere. To test the suitability of this approach, we use boundary conditions provided by the UCSD time‐dependent tomography to propagate the solar wind outward in a MHD model and compare the simulation results with in situ measurements and also with the corresponding kinematic solution. Interestingly, we find notable differences in proton radial velocity and number density at Earth and various locations in the inner heliosphere between the MHD results and both the in situ data and the kinematic solution. For example, at 1 AU, the MHD velocities are generally larger than the spacecraft data by up to 150 km s−1, and the amplitude of density fluctuations is also markedly larger in the MHD solution. We show that the MHD model can deliver more reasonable results at Earth with an ad hoc adjustment of the inner boundary values. However, we conclude that the MHD model using the inner boundary conditions derived from kinematic simulations has little chance to match IPS and in situ data as well as the kinematic model does unless it too is iteratively fit to the observational data and measurements.
Long‐term dynamics of Piton de la Fournaise volcano from 13 years of seismic velocity change measurements and GPS observations
Authors: Rivet Diane , Brenguier Florent , Clarke Daniel , Shapiro Nikolaï M. , Peltier Aline 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe study the Piton de la Fournaise (PdF) volcano dynamics through the observation of continuous seismic velocity changes from 2000 to 2013. We compute the cross correlations of ambient seismic noise recorded at more than 30 short‐period and broadband stations of the UnderVolc temporary seismic experiment and of the PdF volcano observatory network. The velocity changes are estimated from the travel time delay measured on the cross correlations computed between pairs of stations. We average the relative velocity changes for all pairs of stations and obtain a time series of the velocity change of Piton de la Fournaise volcano over 13 years. From the period 0.5 to 4 s, the depth sensitivity of the velocity change is ranging from approximately 100 m to 2500 m. A slow decrease of velocity is measured from 2000 and ends with a major eruption that occurred in April 2007. This eruptive episode is followed by an increase of the velocity. These long‐term changes are compared to the deformation of the Piton de la Fournaise edifice estimated from geodetic measurements. An analysis of baseline change between GPS stations indicates an inflation of the volcanic edifice prior to April 2007 followed by a deflation since then. This deflation predominantly affects the terminal cone. Seismic velocity changes and deformation have similar long‐term trends with velocity decrease observed during inflation and velocity increase during deflation. However, the velocity change magnitude is about 2 orders of magnitude greater than the deformation. This suggests nonlinear relation between velocity changes and deformation.
A novel infrastructure modularity index for the segmentation of water distribution networks
Authors: Giustolisi O. , Ridolfi L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe search for suitable segmentations is a challenging and urgent issue for the analysis, planning and management of complex water distribution networks (WDNs). In fact, complex and large size hydraulic systems require the division into modules in order to simplify the analysis and the management tasks. In the complex network theory, modularity index has been proposed as a measure of the strength of the network division into modules and its maximization is used in order to identify community of nodes (i.e., modules) which are characterized by strong interconnections. Nevertheless, modularity index needs to be revised considering the specificity of the hydraulic systems as infrastructure systems. To this aim, the classic modularity index has been recently modified and tailored for WDNs. Nevertheless, the WDN‐oriented modularity is affected by the resolution limit stemming from classic modularity index. Such a limit hampers the identification/design of small modules and this is a major drawback for technical tasks requiring a detailed resolution of the network segmentation. In order to get over this problem, we propose a novel infrastructure modularity index that is not affected by the resolution limit of the classic one. The rationale and good features of the proposed index are theoretically demonstrated and discussed using two real hydraulic networks.