bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interdisciplinary integrated specialized one‐stop outpatient clinic for idiopathic intracranial hypertension—a comprehensive assessment of clinical outcome
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Macher Stefan , Krajnc Nik , Marik Wolfgang , Michl Martin , Müller Nina , Zaic Sina , Harreiter Jürgen , Novak Klaus , Wöber Christian , Pemp Berthold 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeManagement of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is complex requiring multiple specialized disciplines. In practice, this creates considerable organizational and communicational challenges for healthcare professionals and patients. Thus, an interdisciplinary integrated outpatient clinic for IIH (comprising neurology, neuroophthalmology, neuroradiology, neurosurgery and endocrinology) was established with central coordination and a one‐stop concept. Here, the aim was to evaluate the effects of this one‐stop concept on objective clinical outcome.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, the one‐stop era with integrated care (IC) (1 July 2021 to 31 December 2022) was compared to a reference group receiving standard care (SC) (1 July 2018 to 31 December 2019) regarding visual impairment/worsening and headache improvement/freedom 6 months after diagnosis. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounders.ResultsBaseline characteristics of the IC group (n = 85) and SC group (n = 81) were comparable (female 90.6% vs. 90.1%; mean age 33.6 vs. 32.8 years; median body mass index 31.8 vs. 33.0; median cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure 32 vs. 34 cmH2O; at diagnosis, visual impairment was present in 71.8% vs. 69.1% and chronic headache in 55.3% vs. 56.8% in IC vs. SC). IC was associated with a higher likelihood of achieving both headache improvement (odds ratio [OR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52–4.33, p < 0.001) and headache freedom (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11–3.09, p = 0.031). Regarding the risk of visual impairment and visual worsening IC was superior numerically but not statistically significantly (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.69–1.16, p = 0.231, and OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.41–1.25, p = 0.354).ConclusionsInterdisciplinary integrated care of IIH is favourably associated with headache outcomes and potentially also visual outcomes.
Intrusion of birds into nest cavities depends on the presence of feathers in the cavity and not on species of nest owner
Authors: Slagsvold Tore 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMost animals live and move in a landscape in which the risk of predation varies spatially and temporally, that is, a “landscape of fear” which may strongly affect their ecology and behaviour. Cavity‐nesting birds prospecting for nest sites are often forced to investigate unfamiliar, dark holes that may be dangerous to enter because they may conceal an aggressive nesting bird or a predator. The Fear of Feathers Hypothesis posits that some birds such as blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, add large, conspicuous feathers on top of their own nest to exploit the fear of potential nest usurpers or brood parasites. Feathers may trigger fear in prospecting birds either because the feathers obstruct the view of the cavity interior, and/or because the feathers may be perceived as recent prey remains and suggest the predator will return. Here I studied the prospecting behaviour of unmated male pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca by letting them choose between a dyad of nest boxes where one contained a nest of a great tit Parus major and one a nest of a blue tit. The objective was to test whether the presence of feathers would have a stronger repelling effect than the species that had built the nest. Great tits are larger than blue tits and may represent a greater threat to intruding flycatchers. However, blue tits but not great tits, often decorate their nest with large, conspicuous feathers. Consistent with the Fear of Feathers Hypothesis, flycatchers hesitated longer to enter blue tit than great tit nests but only if the blue tit nest contained feathers. The study has relevance to many species of birds that decorate their nest with feathers. It shows that a landscape may include aspects of fear that are important to animal behaviour although they may seem subtle and are easily overlooked.
Fertilization regulates global thresholds in soil bacteria
Authors: Chen Cai , Li Shu‐Le , Chen Qing‐Lin , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Guo Zhao‐Feng , Wang Fenghua , Xu Yao‐Yang , Zhu Yong‐Guan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobal patterns in soil microbiomes are driven by non‐linear environmental thresholds. Fertilization is known to shape the soil microbiome of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Yet, whether fertilization influences global thresholds in soil microbiomes remains virtually unknown. Here, utilizing optimized machine learning models with Shapley additive explanations on a dataset of 10,907 soil samples from 24 countries, we discovered that the microbial community response to fertilization is highly dependent on environmental contexts. Furthermore, the interactions among nitrogen (N) addition, pH, and mean annual temperature contribute to non‐linear patterns in soil bacterial diversity. Specifically, we observed positive responses within a soil pH range of 5.2–6.6, with the influence of higher temperature (>15°C) on bacterial diversity being positive within this pH range but reversed in more acidic or alkaline soils. Additionally, we revealed the threshold effect of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, demonstrating how temperature and N addition amount interacted with microbial communities within specific edaphic concentration ranges. Our findings underscore how complex environmental interactions control soil bacterial diversity under fertilization.
Hydrothermal Conditions Modulate the Impact of Climate Extremes on Vegetation Growth in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Xu Zhen , Liu Duqi , Zhao Lujie 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimClimate extremes are becoming more frequent under global warming, with substantial repercussions for vegetation growth. The degree to which climate extremes increase the risk of high‐impact events on vegetation growth is of high concern.LocationNorthern Hemisphere (north of 30°N).Time PeriodFrom 2001 to 2022.Major Taxa StudiedPlants.MethodsWe utilised solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) as proxies for vegetation growth. We performed event coincidence and sensitivity analyses to attribute satellite‐derived vegetation growth extremes to diverse climate extremes (extreme heat, cold, wet and drought) in the Northern Hemisphere.ResultsOur results showed that extreme heat and cold were the main climatic extremes that induced positive and negative vegetation growth extremes north of 30°N, respectively, mainly in cold and humid ecosystems (boreal and temperate forests). Water‐related extreme events accounted for less than one‐third of vegetation extremes. The contribution of drought to positive vegetation growth extreme events (approximately 17%), mainly in cold and humid ecosystems, was even slightly higher than that of extreme wet (approximately 12%), which predominantly impacted relatively warm and arid ecosystems (croplands and temperate grasslands). We further identified potential climatic thresholds that could reverse vegetation growth responses to climate extremes (temperature is 12.5°C and climatic water deficit is ‐60 mm, approximately). We also showed that the past two decades of warming and precipitation changes did not induce a shift in the main climatic drivers of vegetation extremes across northern ecosystems.Main ConclusionsOur results emphasise the crucial role of background hydrothermal conditions in the attribution of vegetation growth extremes to diverse climate extremes across northern ecosystems and have substantial implications for predicting how Northern Hemisphere vegetation will respond to increasing climate extremes in the future.
Predation on Live and Artificial Insect Prey Shows Different Global Latitudinal Patterns
Authors: Zvereva Elena L. , Adroit Benjamin , Andersson Tommi , Barnett Craig R. A. , Branco Sofia , Castagneyrol Bastien , Chiarenza Giancarlo Maria , Dáttilo Wesley , del‐Val Ek , Filip Jan , Griffith Jory , Hargreaves Anna L. , Hernández‐Agüero Juan Antonio , Silva Isabelle L. H. , Hong Yixuan , Kietzka Gabriella , Klimeš Petr , Koistinen Max , Kruglova Oksana Y. , Kumpula Satu , Lopezosa Paula , March‐Salas Marti , Marquis Robert J. , Marusik Yuri M. , Moles Angela T. , Muola Anne , Murkwe Mercy , Nakamura Akihiro , Olson Cameron , Pagani‐Núñez Emilio , Popova Anna , Rahn Olivia , Reshchikov Alexey , Rodriguez‐Campbell Antonio , Rytkönen Seppo , Sam Katerina , Sounapoglou Antigoni , Tropek Robert , Wenda Cheng , Xu Guorui , Zeng Yu , Zolotarev Maxim , Zubrii Natalia A. , Zverev Vitali , Kozlov Mikhail V. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimLong‐standing theory predicts that the intensity of biotic interactions increases from high to low latitudes. Studies addressing geographic variation in predation on insect prey have often relied on prey models, which lack many characteristics of live prey. Our goals were to explore global latitudinal patterns of predator attack rates on standardised live insect prey and to compare the patterns in predation on live insects with those on plasticine prey models.LocationGlobal forested areas.Time Period2021–2023.Major TaxaArthropods, birds.MethodsWe measured predation rates in 43 forested locations distributed across five continents from 34.1° S to 69.5° N latitude. At each location, we exposed 20 sets of three bait types, one set per tree. Each set included three live fly larvae (maggots), three live fly puparia and three plasticine models of the puparia. We used glue rings to isolate half of the sets from non‐flying predators.ResultsArthropod attack rates on plasticine prey decreased linearly from low to high latitudes, whereas attack rates on maggots had a U shaped distribution, with the lowest predation rates at temperate latitudes and the highest rates at tropical and boreal latitudes. This difference emerged from intensive predator attacks on live maggots, but not on plasticine models, in boreal sites. Site‐specific attack rates of arthropod predators on live and plasticine prey were not correlated. In contrast, bird attack rates on live maggots and plasticine models were positively correlated, but did not show significant latitudinal changes.Main ConclusionsLatitudinal patterns in predation differ between major groups of predators and between types of prey. Poleward decreases in both arthropod and combined arthropod and bird predation on plasticine models do not mirror patterns of predation on our live prey, the latter likely reflecting real patterns of predation risk better than do patterns of attack on artificial prey.
Climatic Predictors of Long‐Distance Migratory Birds Breeding Productivity Across Europe
Authors: Hanzelka Jan , Telenský Tomáš , Koleček Jaroslav , Procházka Petr , Robinson Robert A. , Baltà Oriol , Cepák Jaroslav , Gargallo Gabriel , Henry Pierre‐Yves , Henshaw Ian , van der Jeugd Henk , Karcza Zsolt , Lehikoinen Petteri , Meister Bert , Nebot Arantza Leal , Piha Markus , Thorup Kasper , Tøttrup Anders P. , Reif Jiří 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimOngoing climate changes represent a major determinant of demographic processes in many organisms worldwide. Birds, and especially long‐distance migrants, are particularly sensitive to such changes. To better understand these impacts on long‐distance migrants' breeding productivity, we tested three hypotheses focused on (i) the shape of the relationships with different climate variables, including previously rarely tested quadratic responses, and on regional differences in these relationships predicted by (ii) mean climatic conditions and (iii) by the rate of climate change in respective regions ranging from Spain to Finland.LocationEurope.Time Period2004–2021.Major Taxa StudiedLong‐distance migratory passerine birds.MethodsWe calculated breeding productivity from constant effort ringing sites from 11 European countries covering 34° of latitude, and extracted temperature‐ and precipitation‐related climate variables from E‐OBS and NASA MODIS datasets. To test our hypotheses, we fitted GLMM and Bayesian meta‐analytic models.ResultsWe revealed hump‐shaped responses of productivity to temperature, growing degree‐days, green‐up onset date, and precipitation anomaly, and negative responses to intense and prolonged rains across the regions. The effects of March temperature and April growing degree‐days were more negative in cold than in warm regions, except for the region with the highest accumulated heat, whereas increasing June precipitation anomalies were associated with higher productivity in both dry and wet regions. Productivity responses to climate were unrelated to the rate of climate warming.Main ConclusionsThe influence of climate on bird productivity proved to be frequently nonlinear, as expected by ecological theory. The rate of climate change is less important than regional interannual variability in climate (which is predicted to increase), but this may change with the progression of climate change in the future. Productivity declines in long‐distance migratory songbirds are particularly expected if out‐of‐norm water excess increases in frequency or strength.
Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy in Patients 80 Years or Older Living in a Metropolitan Area: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Iwata Eri , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Asaoka Daisuke , Hojo Mariko , Ito Masayoshi , Kitazawa Naoko , Kurihara Naoto , Masaoka Tatsuhiro , Mizuno Shigeaki , Mori Hideki , Nagahara Akihito , Niikura Ryota , Ohkusa Toshifumi , Sano Masaya , Shimada Yuji , Suzuki Hidekazu , Takeuchi Yoshiaki , Tanaka Akifumi , Tokunaga Kengo , Ueda Kumiko , Sakaki Nobuhiro , Takahashi Shin'ichi , Kawai Takashi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe situation of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy has been changing over time, owing to increases in antimicrobial‐resistant strains, lifestyle improvements, and changes in indications for eradication. In Japan, eradication therapy is now available to all H. pylori‐positive patients under the medical insurance system, and the potassium‐competitive acid blocker vonoprazan has been used for eradication from 2015. Recently, with the aging of society, opportunities to provide eradication to elderly patients are increasing, but the current status and effectiveness of eradication in elderly patients remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the trends of H. pylori eradication in a metropolitan area to determine the factors associated with successful H. pylori eradication in elderly patients older than 80 years.MethodsTrends in the eradication rates of patients who received first‐ or second‐line eradication at 20 hospitals in the Tokyo metropolitan area from 2013 to 2023 were investigated.ResultsThe eradication rates in the per‐protocol analysis were 82.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 81.2%–83.2%) for the first‐line treatment (n = 6481), and 87.9% (86.9%–88.9%) for the second‐line treatment (n = 4899). Multivariate analysis showed that independent factors for successful eradication in the first‐line treatment were an age of older than 80 years (OR: 0.606; 95% CI: 0.448–0.822), peptic ulcers (vs. atrophic gastritis: 3.817; 3.286–4.433), and vonoprazan (vs. proton pump inhibiters (PPIs), 3.817; 3.286–4.433), and an age of older than 80 years (0.503; 0.362–0.699) and vonoprazan (1.386; 1.153–1.667) in the second‐line treatment.ConclusionAfter 2015, the eradication rate of both first‐ and second‐line therapies were maintained at a higher level than before 2015, owing to the use of vonoprazan. As the H. pylori eradication rate in patients older than 80 years was low, an effective strategy for these patients needs to be developed in the future.
Significance of changes in tumor markers in patients treated with durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination therapy as a surrogate marker for tumor response to unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Uchikawa Shinsuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Murakami Serami , Miura Ryoichi , Shirane Yuki , Johira Yusuke , Kosaka Masanari , Fujii Yasutoshi , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Murakami Eisuke , Miki Daiki , Hayes C. Nelson , Tsuge Masataka , Oka Shiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimWhen evaluating response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, the tumor sometimes initially swells before shrinking and ultimately responding, also called pseudo‐progression. In this study, we analyzed whether tumor markers were useful for reflecting the treatment response.MethodsThirty‐three patients who were treated with durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination therapy (Dur + Tre) were enrolled. Their functional reserve was Child–Pugh grade A. Their tumor markers α‐fetoprotein (AFP), des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP), or AFP‐Lectin 3 fraction (AFP‐L3) were positive. Tumor markers were evaluated before treatment and at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after the start of treatment. The first radiological evaluation was carried out at 4 weeks and the second evaluation at 8–12 weeks. The responders included those with complete response and partial response and the nonresponders included those with stable disease (SD) and progression disease at best response evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.ResultsIn the responder group, the change ratio of AFP, DCP, and AFP‐L3 specifically decreased at 8 weeks. In the nonresponder group, the change ratio of DCP specifically increased at 4 weeks. The optimal cut‐off value to divide responders and nonresponders at 4 weeks was approximately −40%. The ratio of responders was 72.7% in the patients whose AFP or DCP decreased over 40% at 4 weeks.ConclusionsThe change in tumor markers is a more useful predicter of tumor response to Dur + Tre than imaging evaluation alone.
Patient and Staff Insights on Digital Care Pathways for Patients With Low Back Pain in the Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bell Emily C. , Heng Hazel , Alousis Nicole , King Matthew G. , Hahne Andrew , Collins Thomas , See Katharine , Webster Tracey , O'Dowd Elisha , Jackson Paul , Semciw Adam I. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBack pain is a huge global problem. For some people, the pain is so severe that they feel the need to present to an emergency department (ED). Our aim was to explore patient and staff perspectives for the development of a digital care pathway (DCP) for people with back pain who have presented to ED, including acceptability, barriers and facilitators.MethodsWe used a descriptive phenomenology approach using semi‐structured interviews with patient and staff participants at a tertiary hospital. Interviews were transcribed and data codes were developed using inductive thematic analysis. Themes were discussed between researchers until consensus was achieved.ResultsA total of 16 interviews were carried out, half of which involved patient participants. We identified three major themes: (i) expectations and experiences of staff and patients with low back pain in ED; (ii) a digital care pathway can empower patients and support clinicians in providing care; and (iii) acceptability, barriers, facilitators and recommendations of engaging with a DCP to track the trajectory of back pain. Each theme was further categorised into subthemes.ConclusionIntroducing a DCP was perceived as acceptable and beneficial by patients and staff. Both groups were aware of the potential participant burden if surveys were too long. Introducing a DCP could be a valuable adjunct to current management care models, providing a standardised source of education with the potential for individualised tracking and monitoring. The design and development of a DCP will need to consider reported facilitators and address perceived barriers for engagement.Patient or Public ContributionThis project sought insights from patients and staff about a digital care pathway. This forms the first step of patient and consumer consultation before implementing a digital care pathway. All consumers were offered the opportunity to review their responses and our interpretation.
The Memoir of a Ghost: The Invisible Plight of Mental Health Nurse Education in the United Kingdom Following the Nursing and Midwifery Council's Move Towards Genericism
Authors: Warrender Dan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to identify barriers to quality mental health nurse education in the United Kingdom and show these through the sharing of personal experiences of working as a mental health nurse academic. Since the Nursing and Midwifery Council introduced their ‘future nurse’ education standards in 2018, mental health content for mental health nurses has been argued to have been marginalised. The sense of a diluted mental health nurse education was supported by an open letter, signed by over 100 mental health nurses, with representation across 33 universities. Nonetheless, the approach taken by the NMC has been defended. Meanwhile, mental health nurse academics all over the United Kingdom are having varying experiences, some of incredible discomfort and invalidation. The movement ‘mental health deserves better’ arose through many of these mental health nurses feeling they had no representation or channel to voice their concerns. This is a personal position paper which outlines barriers to autonomy for mental health nurse academics, and shares personal opinion on experiences which have impacted the ability to deliver a depth of knowledge, skill and critical thinking to students, impacting the quality of new mental health nurse graduates. The issue is discussed using contemporary literature to support lines of argument, which are augmented by personal experiences of working in nurse education. There are complex interconnected issues within nurse education which can hinder the autonomy of mental health nursing to decide its own future. This paper recounts a personal journey. Often we cannot understand the failings of a system until we try to navigate it from the inside.
Creating a local managerial regime in global context: The case of the Bangladesh ready‐made garment sector
Authors: Zaman Sawlat , Jenkins Jean 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article analyses the strategic construction of a factory management regime as an instrument of local value extraction, set against an intensely competitive global value chain in the apparel sector. The article focuses on Bangladesh where, as elsewhere, work in ready‐made garment factories is characterised by long hours, poor pay, hostility to freedom of association and the suppression of independent collective bargaining. This article presents a long‐term study of the ways that managers who preside over such environments are identified, recruited and deployed. In the context of the global value chain in garments, this article shines a light on managerial regimes which squeeze labour and perpetuate inequality as part of extracting value at workplace level, in the context of a broader, internationally dispersed, industrial regime of exploitation.