bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forestry Experience in Raising Larch Cultures in the Center of Russian Plain
Authors: Мерзленко М.Д. , Мельник П.Г. , Глазунов Ю.Б. , Кузнецова С.Л. 
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрен длительный опыт интродукции лиственницы европейской в центре европейской части России. Отмечен высокий лесоводственный эффект при создании лесных культур лиственницы европейской разными приемами и в различных условиях местопроизрастания. Определен возраст естественной спелости лесных культур лиственницы европейской в Московской обл. Видовое и формовое разнообразие лиственниц позволяет создавать искусственные леса, соответствующие целевому назначению, в том числе и для получения высоких объемов стволовой древесины.
On the basis of 50-year studies, the experience of growing european larch in forest cultures of K. F. Tyurmer in Moscow and Vladimir regions and in Nikolskaya forest estate in the North-East of Moscow is analyzed. Cultures were grown by various methods using different schemes of mixing species. The results of long-term studies of these cultures are presented. Until the age of 30-40 years larch is significantly inferior in the growth rate of pine, and later ahead of it. Intensive tending of plantation at a young is required to maintain larch in mixed plantations with pine. In the future, larch inhibits pine and gradually almost completely replaces it, forming high-performance larch stands. In the forest cultures of K. F. Tyurmer in the Moscow region at the age of 130-150 years, we had a large stock of larch trees on permanent sample plots (PSP). After 150 years, the stock of plantings begins to decline, the main reason is the windthrow, due to the abnormal height of the plantings. At the age of 130-150 years of culture reach natural maturity. On average, the largest stand volume of larch on PSPs was equal to 1140 m3per ha, and in general for plantations 1265 m3per ha. Spruce forms the second layer, the stock of which varies from 28 to 197 m3per ha and an average of 112 m3per ha. The standing volume of survived pine trees does not exceed 37 m3/ha and on average is 13 m3per ha. The maximum volume of larch is 1497 m3per ha, while the total one of the stand was 1543 m3per ha. Due to the large species and form diversity of larch, there are wide opportunities for creating crops with desired properties in forests of various purposes. This requires further research both to identify the most highly productive provenances and populations, and to establish the natural and technical maturity of larch forest cultures of a certain purpose.
Assessment of Growth and Development in the Arctic Arctic Bramble (Rubus articus L.) with Application of Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: Тяк Г.В. , Курлович Л.Е. , Тяк А.В. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения влияния припосадочного иповторных внесений минеральных удобрений на рост, развитие иплодоношение растений княженики арктической (Rubus articus L.). Установлена оптимальная доза повторного внесения удобрений.
The reason for investigation of the cultivation of Arctic raspberry is the exhaustion of its natural stock. The first works on growing of this species in Russia dates back to the year 1860. Later some small experiments with this species were produced in the middle of XX century. More intensive work with it was held since the 60s of the last century in Finland and Sweden. They are working on selecting of new cultivars of this species. Studies conducted to date show the prospective of the introduction of this valuable berry plant. The experiments of cultivating of Arctic raspberry on depleted peat deposits were started on the Central European Forest Experiment Station in 2005. Arctic raspberry is relatively new species in culture. So, some issues on its growing on peat substrates, including the use of mineral fertilizers, are still insufficiently developed. The article addressed the issues of the use of mineral fertilizers in plantings of the Arctic raspberry on depleted peat depositof intermediate type. The repeated use of mineral fertilizers stimulates growth, development and fruiting of the plants. The optimal dosage of the fertilizers during repeated use is N30P30K30.
A Large-Scale Shoot Blight in Young Plantations of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Moscow Region
Authors:  Шишкина А.А. ,  Шишкина А.А. ,  Некляев С.Э. 
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты изучения массового усыхания побегов сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) в лесных культурах I класса возраста, которое было зафиксировано в лесничествах Московской обл. в 2017 г. Подобных масштабных поражений молодняков сосны в регионе ранее не наблюдалось. По результатам фитопатологического исследования было установлено, что болезнь вызвана грибами Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton и Sclerophoma pithya (Sacc.) Died. Возникновению эпифитотии способствовал комплекс факторов: погодные условия последних лет, скопление большого числа восприимчивых растений – значительные площади монокультур сосны, созданных на горельниках 2010 г., а также запас инфекции на пораженных участках.
The article presents the results of the study of a large-scale shoot blight of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), revealed in forest cultures of the 1st class of age in the Moscow region in 2017. The authors provide data on the total recorded area of affected plantations at the end of 2018 (1991,9 hа). Previously such cases of a wide scale affection of pine in the region had not been reported. The main part of the article describes the disease symptoms and the results of the plant condition assessment in the affected young plantations. There is a high incidence of diseased plants (on the average above 90%). The condition of forest cultures is estimated as weakened, however, the death of plants as a result of the disease is noted in rare cases. The greatest harm consists in the loss of the main leader shoot, the deformation of stems, the formation of bushy crowns. According to the results of laboratory diagnostics with the mycological method of the wet chamber and subsequent microscopy of the formed sporulation, as well as by DNA analysis, the main causative agent of the disease is the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea Dyko & B. Sutton. The pathogen develops in conjunction with the causative agent of shoot and needle blight, Sclerophoma pithya (Sacc.) Died., and a number of other species that are less widespread. The article also provides an analysis of the conditions that contribute to the emergence of epidemic. The authors concluded that a number of factors (a large quantity of infection, accumulation of susceptible plants in large areas and favorable weather conditions for pathogens) had contributed to the development of the disease. At the end of the article the authors conclude that currently in the Moscow region there is a local epidemic of Sphaeropsis and Sclerophoma shoot blight of Scots pine in forest cultures of the 1st class of age. In conclusion, the authors note that to predict the development of the disease and plan scientifically-based protective measures, it is important to study the biological and ecological characteristics of the pathogenic fungi in the Moscow region. [1] Сообщение на сайте ФБУ Рослесозащита за 2013 г.
Experience in Conducting the GIL of the Russian Federation and Improving the National Forest Inventory in the Second Cycle
Authors: Бердов А.М. , Федоров С.В. , Приставко А.А. , Манович В.Н. , Малахова Е.Г. 
Published: July 2024

Проанализированы результаты первого цикла государственной инвентаризации лесов (ГИЛ). Обоснована необходимость совершенствования действующей методики проведения ГИЛ. На основе выполненных исследований сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию методики работ второго и последующего циклов ГИЛ. Предложения включают переход на регулярную сеть размещения постоянных пробных площадей на основе нового районирования территории России, отказ от использования данных лесоустройства, применение данных дистанционного зондирования Земли.
The article examines the methodical aspects of the first cycle of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) of forests and other wooded land of the Russian Federation. It also includes the critical analysis of the current method, which utilize the permanent sample plots on the stratified sample base. Further, the paper discusses the use of the forest management planning documentation as the basis for stratification and its impact on the national forest inventory results, including characteristics of the total standing volume. The article proposes an alternative to the present method, with the application of a regular grid of permanent inventory plot method.The proposed regular grid of permanent inventory plot methodis based on a hexagon which when projected on to the Earth’s surface negates the distortion of the projection. Further, the article proposes to divide all forests of Russian Federation into three zones with different threshold values of error of total determination of standing volume on the following principles: completeness of implementation of activities of conservation and protection of forests; share of usage of the allowable final cut; share of leased forest areas in the total area of forest districts; length of roads per1 000 ha of the area of forests. The authors proposed the change of the scheme of permanent sample plots. They propose the usage of the 68 percent confidence probability for the calculation of the total standing volume. For hard-to-reach forests, the authors suggested to conduct RussianNFI using remote sensing data as well as making test plots based on the training classification. The authors provide calculations of the constant trial plot number for repeated examinations in the NFI second cycle and the number of permanent sample plots. In conclusion, itis noted that the alternative method, proposed in this article,assures continuation and optimal use of the results of the first cycle of the Russian NFI and provides solid basis for the next and the following onesreduces the economic cost of the working process and enhances the quality of the results.
All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology Development of Genetics and Selection Methods to Increase Forest Productivity
Authors: Корчагин О.М. , Семёнов М.А. , Вариводина И.Н. , Камалов Р.М. , Кострикин В.А. , Царев В.А. , Спицына В.И. 
Published: July 2024

Представлена история становления института и основные направления работ ВНИИЛГИСбиотех за 50 лет научной и производственной деятельности. Основное внимание уделено инновационным разработкам и перспективам развития института.
The article presents the history of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, the principal directions of its activity through over 50 years of scientific and production work. It focuses on innovations and the development perspective of the Institute. The Institute’s priority research areas are forest genetics and biotechnology. The Institute scientists were among the first in Russia to conduct research on the tissue culture methods for the plants genetic diversity and their future genetic improvement. The Institute has developed clonal micropropagation techniques for valuable tree biotypes, they have been put into forestry practice and are now 18 – 26 years old. Also, the Institute has developed the long-term in vitro storage method with the use of hormone-free nutrient solutions for valuable deciduous tree species. Based on this method, in 1991 our scientists began to create the collection of deciduous tree plants, which currently includes more than 70 clones of valuable, resistant, and fast-growing birch, poplar, aspen and willow genotypes. Throughout its existence the Institute has established a large experimental facility which includes seed plantations of Scots pine, pedunculate oak and other species. All experimental units are being closely monitored. Through over 50 years of scientific work we have developed the multi-year breeding program, selected the economically valuable clones and forms, obtained and patented new varieties of tree species. Our scientists are now focused on obtaining new genotypes of forest trees, increasing productivity and selective value of the main forest-forming species, studying their ecological and genetic parameters, creating new breeding facilities, conserving the plant genetic resources, etc.
Conceptual Bases of Forest Management in the Cedar-Deciduous Forests of the Far East, in the Amur Tiger Habitat
Authors: Ковалев А.П. , Алексеенко А.Ю. , Лашина Е.В. 
Published: July 2024

Предлагаются концептуальные подходы по ведению лесного хозяйства в хвойно-широколиственных лесах Дальнего Востока – ареале обитания амурского тигра. Продемонстрирована уникальность и нестандартность этой формации как по составу и разнообразию растительности, так и по возрастной структуре составляющих её древостоев. Обоснована необходимость организации здесь многоцелевого комплексного хозяйства с рациональным использованием древесины, пищевых, недревесных и лекарственных ресурсов.
The article considers conceptual approaches to forest management in the cedar-broadleaf and derived forests of the Far East in the Amur tiger distribution zone. The main provisions of the concept for the organization of multi-purpose integrated management based on the principles of continuous and sustainable use are defined. An argument is made about the need for only selective logging in coniferous-broadleaf forests (CSHL) and the features of logging of valuable hardwoods, as well as planning and conducting logging of forest care. The necessity of prohibiting the cutting of the main far Eastern trees – honeybees of three types of Linden – Amur, Manchurian and Taka is justified [1]. The high value and variety of food non-wood products and medicinal plants in coniferous and broad-leaved forests, which by gross value significantly exceed wood products, is shown [2]. According to the structure and diversity of the plant and animal world, all the main uses of forests can be combined in a complex WAY, from logging, non-wood resources to hunting, agriculture and recreational activities. The renewal of tree species in the Amur tiger’s area is proceeding very successfully in a natural way. The need to create artificial landings is low. The proposed conceptual framework for forest management in the Amur tiger habitat allows not only to preserve the unique cedar forests, but also to organize complex farms with the rational use of wood pulp and all food, medicinal and non-wood resources.
Approaches to Comparative Assessment of Russian Forests Burn
Authors: Головина А.Н. , Иванов В.А. 
Published: July 2024

На основе статистических данных о лесных пожарах проведен сравнительный анализ частоты пожаров и горимости на землях лесного фонда России с показателями горимости лесов других стран бореальной зоны.
The article compares the burning of forests in different countries of the world located in the boreal climatic zone. Since Russia occupies the largest area in the world, and of course is the leader in the reserve of many natural resources. One of them is the forest, the stock of which is about 20 % of the world. This issue is relevant in connection with foreign criticism aimed at the Russian Federation on forest management, namely fire-fighting forest plantations. Statements about fire data, considering that they are significantly underestimated due to” political reasons”, in General, fire management policy is not clear, inefficient and opaque. And attempted to extinguish fires think it is not appropriate. As a result of the analysis, the countries were selected for comparison by similar criteria, these are the countries of North America, the USA and Canada, the countries of Europe did not fit out of a number of features described in the article. For comparison, the given indicators (frequency and Flammability) are selected, which provide a more accurate comparison of countries, because it is necessary to take into account the different area occupied by forest plantations. After, the data must be correctly interpreted using the scale of the assessment of the burning. Data for the calculation of indicators (horimoto and frequency) were taken from the official documents. Many sites provide similar information, but without reference to the source. According to the results of the calculations, the average values of frequency and Flammability, and the average area of one fire were obtained. As a result, we can say that the criticism of foreign media, experts, environmentalists is not confirmed in the study.
Rooting in vitro Culture and Adaptation of Marsh Cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) to Non-sterile Conditions
Authors: Макаров С.С. , Родин С.А. , Кузнецова И.Б. , Макеева Г.Ю. , Макеев В.А. 
Published: July 2024

В статье приводятся данные по процессу корнеобразования клюквы болотной в культуре in vitro и ее адаптации к нестерильным условиям. Выявлено благоприятное влияние добавления в питательную среду препарата Экогель в концентрации 0,5 мг/л на процесс ризогенеза клюквы болотной in vitro. Установлена более высокая приживаемость растений при адаптации растений к нестерильным условиям in vivo на субстрате из верхового торфа.
One of the most valuable forest crops is marsh cranberry (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) The article presents data on the adaptation of marsh cranberries to non-sterile conditions, as well as the effect of BMI auxin and Ecogel at the stage of plant rooting in vitro. The research was conducted on the variety of marsh cranberry Dar Kostroma and hybrid 1-15-635. As a result of research, it was found that with an increase in the nutrient medium concentration of AUXIN BMI from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l, the number of marsh cranberry roots increased on average in the Dar Kostroma variety from 2.4 to 2.7 PCs, and in the hybrid 1-15-635 from 2.1 to 2.4 PCs. When ecogel was added to the Nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, the number of roots on average reached 3.1 PCs, and without Ecogel it was only 1.7 PCs. It was also noted that the average length of marsh cranberry roots with an increase in the concentration of BMI auxin and the presence of Ecogel in the nutrient medium increased in the Dar Kostroma variety from 1.5 to 2.0 cm, in the 1-15-635 hybrid from 1.3 to 1.5 cm, while without Ecogel it decreased from 1.0 to 0.9 cm and from 1.1 to 0.8 cm, respectively. Adding Ecogel to the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l increased the average length of cranberry roots by an average of 1.8 times. The total length of marsh cranberry roots, with an increase in the concentration of BMI auxin and the presence of Ecogel in the nutrient medium at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l, increased in the Dar Kostroma variety from 5.1 to 6.0 cm, and in the hybrid 1-15-635 from 4.1 to 4.4 cm, without Ecogel – decreased from 2.6-3.1 to 2.5 cm.
Functional Connections of Morphometric Characteristics of Spruce Treesof the Sub-Canopy Populationin Birch Forests of the Southern Taiga
Authors: Дерюгин А.А. Дерюгин А.А. , Глазунов Ю.Б. Глазунов Ю.Б. 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрена возможность установления в статике зависимостей между морфометрическими характеристиками популяции деревьев ели под пологом березняков южной тайги, находящихся в стадии возмужания и зрелости. Наличие и тесноту связи между показателями устанавливали методом парной корреляции, который позволяет выявить связь между двумя параметрами на фоне воздействия других. Уравнения связи принимали в случае, если коэффициент детерминации R2 ≥ 0,60. При меньшем значении модель не рассматривалась. Установленные зависимости подразделяются на три группы: связи характеристик ствола; связи морфометрических характеристик с возрастом; связи между параметрами крон и стволов. В статье приведены конкретные уравнения регрессии, которые могут применяться при проведении исследований в подпологовых популяциях ели; при этом целесообразно выбирать уравнения, характеризующиеся более высокими значениями коэффициента детерминации и меньшими значениями ошибок аппроксимации.
The article considers the possibility of establishing a static relationship between the morphometric characteristics and the age of trees of the spruce population under the canopy of birch forests of the southern taiga, which are at the stage of maturation and maturity. The relationship analysis was based on measurements on 581 spruce trees. The measurements were performed only on normal (healthy) trees with no visible damage. The established dependencies are subdivided into three groups: connections of the characteristics of the trunk; connection of morphometric characteristics with age; connection between the parameters of crowns and trunks. The article presents specific regression equations that can be used, when conducting research in populations under the cnopy of spruce, while it is advisable to choose equations characterized by higher values of the de-termination coefficient and lower values of approximation errors.
Scientific Substantiation of the Toolkit of Economic Motivation for the Full Development of the Allowable Cut in Leased Forest Areas
Authors: Голотовская А.В. , Дегтев В.В. , Корякин В.А. 
Published: July 2024

На основе анализа освоения расчетной лесосеки в субъектах Российской Федерации и конкретными арендаторами, использующими леса для заготовки древесины, изучения теоретических и практических аспектов экономической мотивации к рациональному поведению организаций сформулирована необходимость научного обоснования инструментария экономической мотивации к полному освоению расчетной лесосеки на арендованных лесных участках. Предложено ввести и осуществлять на постоянной основе мониторинг полноты освоения расчетной лесосеки на уровне страны, субъекта Российской Федерации и конкретного арендатора лесного участка. Предложенный инструментарий экономической мотивации к полному освоению расчетной лесосеки при использовании лесов на арендованных лесных участках может найти применение при подготовке нормативных и правовых актов Федеральным агентством лесного хозяйства и Министерством природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации. В случае введения предлагаемой авторами системы стимулирующих мер государство как собственник и арендодатель ресурса в любом случае получит поступления в бюджетную систему либо от штрафов, либо от налогов по всем видам деятельности, так или иначе связанной с заготовкой древесины, а также с производством изделий из нее.
Based on a thorough analysis of the development of the allowable cut in the subjects of the Russian Federation and specific tenants using forests for timber harvesting, as well as the study of theoretical and practical aspects of economic motivation for the rational behavior of organizations, the need for a scientific justification of the toolkit of economic motivation for the full development of the allowable cut is formulated leased forest areas. It is proposed to introduce and carry out on an ongoing basis monitoring of the completeness of the allowable cut as a whole, the subject of the Russian Federation and a specific lessee of a forest plot for timber harvesting. The proposed toolkit of economic motivation for the full development of the allowable cut on leased forest plots can find application in the preparation of regulatory and legal acts in terms of forest use by the Federal Forestry Agency and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation. In the case of the introduction of the proposed system of material well-being, in any case, the receipt of tax revenues into the budget system, either from taxes, or from tax proceeds for all types of activities or otherwise by harvesting wood, as well as by the production of products from it.