bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assisting people with dementia with their medicines: experiences of family carers
Authors: Smith Felicity , Grijseels Madelon S , Ryan Patricia , Tobiansky Robert 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Many family carers provide assistance with medicines that is vital for optimal clinical outcomes. Medicines-related tasks are known to contribute to carer burden and stress. This study examined the experiences of family carers when providing medicines-related assistance for a person with dementia, to indicate how services could become more responsive to the specific needs of this group of carers.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with family carers and care-recipients identified though a memory clinic in north London and a local Alzheimer's Society. The interview guide, comprising open questions, was informed by previous studies and consultation with stakeholders. Qualitative procedures involving a framework approach were employed in the analysis.

Key findings
Fourteen interviews with carers and five with care-recipients were conducted. These highlighted the burden and challenges, surrounding medicines-management activities. As well as practical aspects that could be complex, carers were commonly making judgements about the need for and appropriateness of medicines. Although experiences were varied, carers reported difficulties in maintaining supplies, ensuring adherence to regimens and accessing health professionals; and they made some recommendations for service improvements. Carers’ difficulty in obtaining information and advice about medicines was compounded by their desire to allow the care-recipient to retain autonomy over their medicines as long as possible.

Conclusion
This study highlights the distinct needs and problems with regard to medicines-management when caring for a person with dementia. As the prevalence of dementia rises, interventions designed to address these specific aspects of reduce carer-burden should be a priority for health professionals.
Event‐related EEG time‐frequency PCA and the orienting reflex to auditory stimuli
Authors: Barry Robert J. , De Blasio Frances M. , Bernat Edward M. , Steiner Genevieve Z. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe recently reported an auditory habituation series with counterbalanced indifferent and significant (counting) instructions. Time‐frequency (t‐f) analysis of electrooculogram‐corrected EEG was used to explore event‐related synchronization (ERS)/desynchronization (ERD) in four EEG bands using arbitrarily selected time epochs and traditional frequency ranges. ERS in delta, theta, and alpha, and subsequent ERD in theta, alpha, and beta, showed substantial decrement over trials, yet effects of stimulus significance (count vs. no‐task) were minimal. Here, we used principal components analysis (PCA) of the t‐f data to investigate the natural frequency and time combinations involved in such stimulus processing. We identified four ERS and four ERD t‐f components: six showed decrement over trials, four showed count > no‐task effects, and six showed Significance × Trial interactions. This increased sensitivity argues for the wider use of our data‐driven t‐f PCA approach.
A Century of Elk Restoration in Eastern North America
Authors: Popp Jesse N. , Toman Tom , Mallory Frank F. , Hamr Josef 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOver a century has passed since elk were extirpated in eastern North America. During that time, numerous attempts to reintroduce elk into eastern North America have resulted in varying degrees of success and failure. An overview of restoration efforts during the last 100 years is presented here with emphasis on the differences in rates of population change among regions and differences in major causes of elk mortality during both the pre‐ and post‐acclimation periods. Approximately 40% of recorded elk reintroduction attempts in eastern North America resulted in failure, with the majority of these having occurred in the first half of the 20th century. Although rates of population change in elk were highly variable, they were not related to founding population size. Major causes of mortality varied among regions and should be considered in future reintroduction attempts.
A Theory of Preference Formation Among Ideologues and Nonideologues*
Authors: Jackson Natalie M. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThis article addresses the differences in belief systems that drive how moderates and ideologues form their policy preferences. The model put forth posits that while ideologues rely on ideological and partisan cues to form their preferences and respond to survey questions, moderates default to a more primitive source of their worldviews.MethodsThis project uses an anthropological operationalization of cultural worldview to test the model by analyzing the relationships between culture, ideology, and policy preferences for moderates and ideologues separately.ResultsResults indicate that the model is supported: moderates rely more heavily on their cultural views while forming and reporting their policy preferences, whereas ideologues rely primarily on their ideological views to form and report policy preferences.ConclusionThere is evidence that partisans and moderates think about their views in fundamentally different ways, which is not fully accounted for in typical models of political behavior.
Two New Indexes for the Assessment of Autonomic Balance in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Orellana José Naranjo , Torres Blanca de la Cruz , Cachadiña Elena Sarabia , de Hoyo Moisés , Cobo Sergio Domínguez 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:The application of Poincaré-plot analysis to heart-rate variability (HRV) is a common method for the assessment of autonomic balance. However, results obtained from the indexes provided by this analysis tend to be difficult to interpret. In this study the authors aimed to prove the usefulness of 2 new indexes: the stress score (SS) and the sympathetic:parasympathetic ratio (S:PS ratio).Methods:25 professional Spanish soccer players from same team underwent 330 resting measurements of HRV. All subjects experienced 10 min of HRV monitoring through an R-R-interval recorder. The following parameters were calculated: (1) Poincaré-plot indexes: SD1 (transverse axis), which is proportional to parasympathetic activity; SD2 (longitudinal axis), which is inversely proportional to sympathetic activity; and the SD1:SD2 ratio; (2) time-domain parameters: standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN), root-mean-square differences of successive heartbeat intervals (rMSSD), and percentage of successive R-R-interval pairs differing in more than 50 ms in the entire recording divided by the total number of R-R intervals (pNN50); and (3) the proposed 2 new indexes: the SS and the S:PS ratio.Results:The study found a high negative correlation between the SS and SDNN (R2 = .94). The S:PS ratio correlated inversely to rMSSD (R2 = .95), SDNN (R2 = .94), and pNN50 (R2 = .74). The S:PS ratio showed a strong correlation with SD1 (R2 = .95) and SS (r = .87, R2 = .88).Conclusions:The application of the SS as sympathetic-activity index and the S:PS ratio as a representation of autonomic balance (SS:SD1) provides a better understanding of the Poincaré-plot method in HRV.
Exploration of patterns predicting renal damage in patients with diabetes type II using a visual temporal analysis laboratory
Authors: Klimov Denis , Shknevsky Alexander , Shahar Yuval 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective To analyze the longitudinal data of multiple patients and to discover new temporal knowledge, we designed and developed the Visual Temporal Analysis Laboratory (ViTA-Lab). In this study, we demonstrate several of the capabilities of the ViTA-Lab framework through the exploration of renal-damage risk factors in patients with diabetes type II.
Materials and methods The ViTA-Lab framework combines data-driven temporal data mining techniques, with interactive, query-driven, visual analytical capabilities, to support, in an integrated fashion, an iterative investigation of time-oriented clinical data and of patterns discovered in them. Patterns discovered through the data mining mode can be explored visually, and vice versa. Both analysis modes are supported by a rich underlying ontology of clinical concepts, their relations, and their temporal properties. The knowledge enables us to apply a temporal-abstraction pre-processing phase that abstracts in a context-sensitive manner raw time-stamped data into interval-based clinically meaningful interpretations, increasing the results’ significance. We demonstrate our approach through the exploration of risk factors associated with future renal damage (micro-albuminuria and macro-albuminuria) and their relationship to the hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C ) and creatinine level concepts, in the longitudinal records of 22 000 patients with diabetes type II followed for up to 5 years.
Results The iterative ViTA-Lab analysis process was highly feasible. Higher ranges of either normal albuminuria or normal creatinine values and their combination were shown to be significantly associated with future micro-albuminuria and macro-albuminuria. The risk increased given high HbA1C levels for women in the lower range of normal albuminuria, and for men in the higher range of albuminuria.
Conclusions The ViTA-Lab framework can potentially serve as a virtual laboratory for investigations of large masses of longitudinal clinical databases, for discovery of new knowledge through interactive exploration, clustering, classification, and prediction.
Choosing blindly but wisely: differentially private solicitation of DNA datasets for disease marker discovery
Authors: Zhao Yongan , Wang Xiaofeng , Jiang Xiaoqian , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Tang Haixu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective To propose a new approach to privacy preserving data selection, which helps the data users access human genomic datasets efficiently without undermining patients’ privacy.Methods Our idea is to let each data owner publish a set of differentially-private pilot data, on which a data user can test-run arbitrary association-test algorithms, including those not known to the data owner a priori. We developed a suite of new techniques, including a pilot-data generation approach that leverages the linkage disequilibrium in the human genome to preserve both the utility of the data and the privacy of the patients, and a utility evaluation method that helps the user assess the value of the real data from its pilot version with high confidence.Results We evaluated our approach on real human genomic data using four popular association tests. Our study shows that the proposed approach can help data users make the right choices in most cases.Conclusions Even though the pilot data cannot be directly used for scientific discovery, it provides a useful indication of which datasets are more likely to be useful to data users, who can therefore approach the appropriate data owners to gain access to the data.
Electromyographic activity of preterm newborns in the kangaroo position: a cohort study
Authors: Miranda Rafael Moura , Cabral Filho José Eulálio , Diniz Kaísa Trovão , Souza Lima Geisy Maria , Vasconcelos Danilo de Almeida 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the electromyographic activity of preterm newborns placed in the kangaroo position with the activity of newborns not placed in this position.DesignA cohort study.SettingA Kangaroo Unit sector and a Nursery sector in a secondary and tertiary care at a mother-child hospital in Recife, Brazil.ParticipantsPreterm infants of gestational age 27–34 weeks (n=38) and term infants (n=39).Primary and secondary outcome measuresSurface electromyography was used to investigate muscle activity in the brachial biceps at rest. 3 groups were designed: (1) preterm newborns in the kangaroo position (PT-KAN), where the newborn remains in a vertical position, lying face down, with limbs flexed, dressed in light clothes, maintaining skin-to-skin contact with the adult's thorax. Her electromyographic activity was recorded at 0 h (immediately before starting this position), and then at 48 h after the beginning of the position (but newborns were kept in the kangaroo position for 8–12 h per day) and at term equivalent age (40±1 weeks); (2) preterm newborns not in the kangaroo position (PT-NKAN), in which measurements were made at 0 h and 48 h; and (3) term newborns (T), in which measurements were made at 24 h of chronological age.ResultsThe Root Mean Square (RMS) values showed significant differences among groups (F(5,108)=56.69; p<0.001). The multiple comparisons showed that RMS was greater at 48 h compared to 0 h in the preterm group in the kangaroo position, but not in the group not submitted in the kangaroo position. The RMS in the term equivalent aged group in the kangaroo position was also greater when compared with those in the term group.ConclusionsThe kangaroo position increases electromyographic activity in the brachial biceps of preterm newborns and those who have reached the age equivalent to term.
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Antiangiogenic Treatment Effects in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Merz Maximilian , Ritsch Judith , Kunz Christina , Wagner Barbara , Sauer Sandra , Hose Dirk , Moehler Thomas , Delorme Stefan , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Zechmann Christian , Hillengass Jens 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurpose: To noninvasively assess bone marrow microcirculation before and after therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).Experimental Design: Ninety-six patients received DCE-MRI before and after primary treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. For the 91 evaluable patients, treatment consisted of high-dose therapy (HDT) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in 82 patients and chemotherapy without ASCT in 9 patients. In addition, 33 healthy volunteers were imaged as the control group. Analysis of DCE-MRI was performed according to the two-compartment model by Brix to quantify amplitude A (associated with blood volume) and exchange rate constant kep (reflecting vessel permeability and perfusion).Results: Nonresponders showed significantly higher A-values before the start of therapy compared with responders (P = 0.02). In both responders and nonresponders to therapy, A-values dropped significantly (P = 0.004 and &lt;0.001, respectively) after primary therapy, whereas lower values for kep were found only in responders (P &lt; 0.001). Depth of remission was significantly correlated to decreased bone marrow microcirculation: Patients in near complete response (nCR) or complete remission (CR) after treatment showed significantly lower values for A compared with patients not achieving nCR+CR. The application of HDT or novel agents had no significant effect on DCE-MRI parameters after therapy, although patients treated with novel agents more often achieved nCR+CR (42%/12.5%; P &lt; 0.002). Higher kep-values at second MRI were positively correlated to shorter overall survival (HR 3.53; 95% confidence intervals, 1.21–10.33; P = 0.02).Conclusion: Parameters from DCE-MRI are correlated to remission after primary therapy and outcome in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 21(1); 106–12. ©2014 AACR.
Translating the Molecular Message of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer into Targeted Therapy
Authors: Vidula Neelima , Rugo Hope S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Genomic analysis of TNBCs offers the opportunity to decode TNBC into biologically relevant subtypes with unique molecular targets. With further research, these findings may be translated into effective targeted therapeutic options. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1511–3. ©2014 AACR.See related article by Burstein et al. p. 1688
Hassliebe. Żydowska samonienawiść w ujęciu Sandera L. Gilmana (część pierwsza: od Hermana z Moguncji do Johannesa Pfefferkorna)
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna 
Published: October 2014

Hassliebe. Jewish self-hatred as seen by Sander L. Gilman (part one: from Hermann of Mainz to Johannes Pfefferkorn)The present paper constitutes the first part of the analysis of Sander L. Gilman’s famous book Jewish Self-Hatred, and the pioneering interpretation of the concept of stereotype. According to Gilman, a stereotype emerges as a result of an active collaboration of the person who stereotypises and the outsider. The latter opposes the image imposed by the stereotype, and thus splits the stereotype into a positive and a negative part. By identifying himself with the positive part, the outsider delegates the purity of classification not only to the subgroup he does not feel any attachment to, but also involuntarily legitimises the stereotype, because without his authorisation, the stereotype would merely remain a racist insult. The article is based on the narrations of Jewish converts to Christianity from the Middle Ages to the 15th century. Hassliebe. Żydowska samonienawiść w ujęciu Sandera L. Gilmana (część pierwsza: od Hermana z Moguncji do Johannesa Pfefferkorna)Tekst jest pierwszą częścią omówienia głośnej książki Sandera L. Gilmana, Jewish Self-Hatred i przedstawionej w niej pionierskiej koncepcji stereotypu, powstającego w ramach aktywnego współdziałania stereotypizującego i outsidera. Ten ostatni, walcząc z narzuconym mu niesprawiedliwym wizerunkiem, dokonuje rozszczepienia stereotypu na pozytywny i negatywny, identyfikując się z tym pierwszym. W ten sposób nie tylko deleguje „nieczystość klasyfikacyjną” na podgrupę, z którą nie czuje związku, ale przede wszystkim niezauważalnie sam legitymizuje stereotyp, który bez jego autoryzacji miałby rangę rasistowskiego oszczerstwa. Materiał źródłowy artykułu stanowią narracje żydowskich konwertytów na chrześcijaństwo od średniowiecza po wiek XV.
Złudzenie symetrii. Na marginesie polskiego tłumaczenia żydowskiej antyewangelii „Toledot Jeszu”
Authors: Radzik Zuzanna 
Published: October 2014

An illusion of symmetry. On the Polish translation of the Jewish anti-gospel “Toledot Yeshu”The article was inspired by the introduction to the Polish translation of Toledot Yeshu (by Jan Iluk). The translator suggests that Toledot Yeshu might have been the cause of the Christian anti-Judaism. This is an unjustified opinion, and this paper provides a review of the current state of research on the Christian-Jewish relations in the ancient times and the causes of the negative opinions on Jews being taught in Christian tradition. The author suggests that Toledot Yeshu should be read as a chronicle of the Jewish perspective of the mutual relations between Jews and Christians. Złudzenie symetrii. Na marginesie polskiego tłumaczenia żydowskiej antyewangelii „Toledot Jeszu”Punktem wyjścia artykułu są uwagi zawarte we wstępie do polskiego tłumaczenia tekstów żydowskiej antyewangelii Toledot Jeszu przez Jana Iluka (Żydowska politeja i Kościół w Imperium Rzymskim u schyłku antyku, t. 2: Żydowska Antyewangelia. Antyczna tradycja i nowożytne trwanie). Tłumacz i zarazem autor opracowania sugeruje, że teksty Toledot Jeszu mogły stać się przyczyną chrześcijańskiego antyjudaizmu. Krytykując to założenie, autorka artykułu referuje aktualny stan badań na temat relacji chrześcijańsko-żydowskich w starożytności oraz przyczyn chrześcijańskiego negatywnego nauczania na temat Żydów. Następnie proponuje lekturę Toledot Jeszu jako zapisu żydowskiej perspektywy wzajemnych stosunków Żydów i chrześcijan.
Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes breast cancer progression via a novel antioxidant mechanism that involves regulation of superoxide dismutase 3
Authors: Wang Chu-An , Harrell J Chuck , Iwanaga Ritsuko , Jedlicka Paul , Ford Heide L 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Triple-negative breast cancers, particularly the claudin-low subtype, are highly aggressive and exhibit increased tumor-initiating cell (TIC) characteristics. In this study, we demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is highly expressed in the claudin-low breast cancer subtype and also that it mediates tumor progression, not only through its role in lymphangiogenesis but also through regulating TIC characteristics and the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Methods
VEGF C expression was examined in breast cancer subtypes, and a VEGF C expression signature was derived. VEGF C expression and/or its associated signature was correlated with TIC and chemoresistance signatures. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to determine whether VEGF-C expression alters TIC characteristics and the response of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy and oxidative stress. Array analysis was used to identify a downstream effector of VEGF-C, superoxide dismutase 3 (Sod3), which was tested for its involvement in VEGF-C-mediated resistance to oxidative stress and enhancement of in vivo metastasis. The VEGF-C-associated receptor neuropilin 2 (Nrp2) was knocked down to determine whether it is required for the observed effects of VEGF-C. Expression of VEGF C and Sod3 was assessed in human breast cancers.

Results
VEGF C is highly expressed in claudin-low breast cancers, and VEGF C and the VEGF C signature are associated with TIC-related gene signatures. VEGF-C-knockdown in mammary carcinoma cells decreases TIC properties in vitro and in vivo, sensitizing cells to oxidative stress and chemotherapy. We identified Sod3 as a target of VEGF-C in breast cancer cells by demonstrating that it is required for VEGF-C-mediated cell survival in response to oxidative stress and for VEGF-C-mediated metastasis. We demonstrate that Nrp2 is the VEGF-C-associated receptor that mediates alterations in Sod3 expression and the response of tumor cells to oxidative stress. We show that VEGF C and Sod3 are positively associated in human breast cancer.

Conclusions
We describe a novel mechanism by which VEGF-C contributes to metastasis via its ability to enhance TIC-associated characteristics, particularly the response to ROS. We identified Sod3 as a critical mediator of VEGF-C-induced metastasis, and we provide evidence that the VEGF-C-Sod3 axis plays a role in human breast cancers.