bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Step-up Approach for Pancreatic Necrosis: A Case Report and Review of the Technique and Literature
Authors: Anand Rahul J 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Necrotizing pancreatitis carries a very high rate of mortality and complications for these sick patients. Recent literature supports the delay in operative procedures as long as possible to decrease morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive procedures can avoid laparotomy, but also introduce specific complications requiring immediate or secondary open operative treatment. Minimally invasive procedures require unique expertise and therefore should only be performed at specialized centers. This is a case report that describes a complicated patient with acute pancreatitis, necrotizing infection of a pseudocyst, intrusion of the pseudocyst to the common bile duct, among other complications. We describe the clinical and operative approach.

How to cite this article
Ferrada PA, Anand RJ. Step-up Approach for Pancreatic Necrosis: A Case Report and Review of the Technique and Literature. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(3):206-209.
Safety Notice for the Use of Drugs for Intravesical Instillations and Cost Analysis
Authors: Zanni Giuseppe 
Published: March 2013

Among the objectives outlined in the National Health Plan 1998-2000 are some interventions to improve the safety of public and private health-care facilities. One of the significant risks in the health sector is the one resulting from exposure to chemotherapy drugs. The Health Surveillance must take into account that anticancer drugs are cytotoxic compounds, which can cause cancer. It is necessary that occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents be kept within the lowest possible level. The potential absorption due to exposure to chemotherapy may be significantly reduced by adopting preventive measures specific to particular concern in a centralization of structures and activities. To ensure an adequate system of protection for people who use these substances in professional health-care settings, there should be the establishment of a specific “Anticancer Drugs Unit” to entrust the working cycle. The places reserved for the preparation of cytotoxic chemotherapy must be equipped with floor and walls up to heights of appropriate plastic material easily washable. Inside the room there must be a “point of decontamination” for washing hands and eyes. The preparation of antineoplastic agents should be performed under hoods positioned away from heat sources and any air currents. It is advisable to use disposable surgical gowns with long sleeves with elastic cuffs or knitted sleeve to allow the gloves sticking above the gown itself. In the preparation of drugs the vial opening procedure must be implemented after verifying that no liquid is left at the top, and by wrapping the neck of the vial with a sterile gauze. Any accidental contamination must be reported to the Physician. All waste materials produced from the handling of cytotoxic chemotherapy should be considered as special hospital waste. To achieve high standards of safety and prevention for the personnel exposed to antineoplastic agents, it is necessary that workers are adequately informed about the risks and proper handling and disposal of anticancer drugs and contaminated materials.
How to Apply follow-up in Relation to Risk Group
Authors: Montanaro Vittorino , Di Girolamo Antonio , Ferro Matteo , Altieri Vincenzo 
Published: March 2013

The term ‘Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer’ identifies a heterogeneous disease due to different natural history of its various appearances. T1 stage represents a non-predictable population, which might respond to non-operative treatment strategies or to the need of a more aggressive treatment, in order to avoid the progression to invasive, and possibly to metastatic stages. In the first year following transurethral resection of bladder (TURB), tumor recurrence is seen in up to 45% of the population; of this, 15% may progress to muscle invasive or metastatic disease, or both. In order to control the recurrence and progression and identify invasive tumors at the earliest possible stage, it is strongly necessary to define individual patient risk assessment follow-up. To obtain exact staging, besides a proper transurethral resection of bladder, a restaging transurethral resection of bladder should be performed in T1 patients. Data from literature support the immediate postoperative intravesical instillation of different chemotherapeutic agents in low-risk patients. Multifocal papillary lesions might require a more intensive adjuvant regimen, whereas intravesical immunotherapy using Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is recommended in patients at high risk of progression. Early cystectomy should be considered in patients with recurrent T1 tumors or refractory carcinoma in situ to avoid unfavorable tumor progression.
Increased Risk of Preterm Delivery Subtypes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in First Deliveries of Patients With Systemic Vasculitis
Authors: Horomanski Audra , Mayo Jonathan , Shaw Gary M. , Simard Julia F. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate the risk of preterm birth subtypes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in patients with systemic vasculitis using large, statewide databases.MethodsBirths to nulliparous patients with prevalent systemic vasculitides (Takayasu arteritis [TAK], Behçet disease [BD], antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis [AAV], and Kawasaki disease [KD]) were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes in linked administrative data and birth records from the California Department of Health Care Access and Information and California Vital Statistics from 1991 to 2012. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery (PTD) subtypes were identified. Multivariable‐adjusted Poisson models estimated risk ratios (RRs) of these outcomes compared with the general birthing population without history of rheumatic disease.ResultsA total of 96 births to nulliparous patients with systemic vasculitis were identified (TAK, 14; AAV, 31; BD, 26; KD, 15) and compared with 4,191,900 births of the nulliparous general population. Adjusted RRs for all PTD types were elevated in patients with vasculitis (RR 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.15–4.79), as were the RRs of all PTD subtypes including preterm premature rupture of membranes (RR 4.30, 95% CI 2.05–9.01) and spontaneous PTD (RR 4.99, 95% CI 3.01–8.28). Of the spontaneous PTDs among patients with vasculitis, 16.7% were early PTDs (20–31 weeks), with the remaining 83.3% occurring between 32 to 36 weeks. Patients with vasculitis also had an elevated risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (RR 2.96, 95% CI 1.72–5.10).ConclusionAmong first‐time births, we found that patients with systemic vasculitis have an elevated risk of PTD subtypes as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Gemcitabine‐Loaded Injectable Hydrogel for Localized Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Barough Mahdieh Shokrollahi , Seyfoori Amir , Askari Esfandyar , Mahdavi Mehdi , Sarrami Forooshani Ramin , Sadeghi Behnam , Kazemi Mohammad Hossein , Falak Reza , Khademhosseini Ali , Mojtabavi Nazanin , Akbari Mohsen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInjectable hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy are effective for both active and passive approaches. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) immunoshaping can change the tumor microenvironment to favor tumor cell elimination. The primary objective of immunoshaping is to reduce regulatory T‐cells (Tregs), which can enhance the effectiveness of ex vivo immune cell therapy in solid tumors. A shear‐thinning injectable hydrogel that consists of gelatin and Laponite (Gel‐Lap) is used in this study. By optimizing the formulation, their immunotherapeutic and anti‐tumor properties are examined. Gemcitabine (GEM), an anti‐metabolite cancer chemotherapy agent, is loaded into a Gel‐Lap hydrogel (immunogel). The study compares the effects of immunogel on 4T1 inoculated breast cancer animal models. Results show that immunogel increases survival rates and significantly inhibits metastasis. The Treg cell population reduction is observed up to 70% in TILs and splenocyte population in line with CD8+ T‐cells population increment in inguinal lymph nodes near the tumor region; the CD8+ T‐cells function may be mediated through overexpression of eomesodermin (EOMES) as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation transcription factor. The human 3D cell culture model confirmed results in animal data demonstrating T‐cell migration through the hydrogel and anticancer efficacy. Local delivery of GEM using our silicate‐based hydrogel holds promise for editing tumor microenvironment in favor of systemic immune responses.
Hyperspectral and Weather Resistant Biomimetic Leaf Enabled by Interlayer Confinement
Authors: Yang Peiyao , Liu Xiangcui , Liu Zhiming , Zhang Tong , Zheng Haitao , Ou Houzheng , Wang Yuchao , Bai Yu , Liu Mengjie , Deng Danni , Wang Jinxian , Chen Yingbi , Zheng Huanran , Jiang Jiabi , Lei Yongpeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMimicking the characteristics and achieving specific functions of biological systems is stirring but challenging. Generally, pigments in the commercial coating can only achieve a similarity in chromaticity, while cannot obtain a similarity in the solar reflective spectrum whose difficulty resides in simulating spectral characteristics simultaneously. Unfortunately, traditional organic pigments show poor weather and heat resistance. Herein, with the little difference in the color difference (ΔEab*), the high spectral similarity, as well as adjustable green peak and similar red edge slope compared with the common plants (pagoda tree leaf, etc.) in 400–2500 nm, is also attained. It is achieved by the interlayer confined organic pigment in Mg/Al‐layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al‐LDH) layers. The corresponding biomimetic leaf displays high hyperspectral performance with a spectral angle cosine of 0.9922 and heat resistance at 120 °C. The longer weather resistance than that of mechanical mixing is also demonstrated. The intercalated chromophores of sodium copper chlorophyllin in the Mg/Al‐LDH and the interlayer confinement of Mg/Al‐LDH contribute to the excellent performance. This work provides a green pigment and a biomimetic leaf requiring the same chromaticity and spectrum as green plants, filling the long‐term use demand gap for heat and weather‐resistant biomimetic vegetation.
Bidirectional Zero Poisson's Ratio Elastomers with Self‐Deformable Soft Mechanical Metamaterials for Stretchable Displays
Authors: Choi Jun‐Chan , Jeong Hoon Yeub , Sun Jae‐Hong , Byun Junghwan , Oh Jeongtaek , Hwang Seok Joon , Lee Phillip , Lee Dong Won , Son Jeong Gon , Lee Seunghyun , Chung Seungjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStretchable displays, capable of reversible expansion, represent significant advancements in free‐form display technologies. However, the high Poisson's ratio (ν) of elastomer substrates leads to unintended deformation under tensile strain, resulting in image warping. To address this, a meta‐elastomer (ME) substrate with a bidirectional zero ν, incorporating a self‐deformable soft mechanical metamaterial (MM) frame, is introduced. The ν of the ME is precisely programmed by the interaction between the deformation of the MM frame, which exhibits a negative ν, and the elastomer matrix, which has a positive ν. The soft MM frame, stiffer than the elastomer matrix, undergoes both structural deformation and length alteration during substrate tensile strain. This synergistic effect enables achieving a nearly bidirectional zero ν, thus overcoming the limitations of conventional tessellated rigid MM composites. Furthermore, the ME substrate, which is chemically cross‐linked at the junction interface, demonstrates exceptional mechanical robustness, enduring over 180% stretching and more than 10 000 cycles. By counteracting the Poisson's effect, the ME substrate with an integrated pixel array ensures translational pixel movement along the tensile axis during bidirectional stretching, minimizing undesired pixel movement in other directions. The stretchable ME presents key advancements for implementing more stable and reliable stretchable display applications.
A Review of Microwave Absorption and Reflection by Cement‐Based Materials, With Emphasis on Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Admixture Effects
Authors: Chung D. D. L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCement‐based materials can be modified for microwave reflection/absorption. Admixtures (particles or short fibers) include conductive, dielectric, and magnetic ones, used solely or in combination. Synergism occurs with conductive and magnetic admixtures, due to the enabled eddy current. The conductive admixture promotes absorption and reflection, whether steel rebars are present or not. Regardless of the admixtures, rebars, or aggregates, absorption loss dominates over reflection loss. Steel microfiber is more effective than carbon fiber. Fly ash enhances the absorption slightly, due to the included iron oxide. Because of the skin effect, a small admixture unit size is preferred. Thus, carbon nanofiber is more effective than carbon fiber, if it is adequately dispersed. Fine particles (such as silica fume) as an additional admixture help the dispersion. Nanoscale admixtures tend to fill the pores, so their functional effectiveness is limited. Carbon black (nanoparticles) is less effective than carbon fiber, but it is inexpensive and the combined use of carbon fiber and carbon black is effective. The high cost of the nanofibers and the difficulty of their dispersion limit their practicality. Another approach involves porous admixtures or aggregates for reducing the impedance mismatch so that reflection is lessened and more radiation enters the cement‐based material.
Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Direct Organic–Inorganic Co‐Assembly
Authors: Rao Yujian , Li Zhenliang , Zhang Tuo , Wang Zhehan , Li Weisheng , Wang Xinran , Sun Litao , Ren Yuan , Tao Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEndowing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with mesoporous structure can greatly enhance their porosity, accessible specific surface area, and exposed active sites, leading to better performances in applications based on interfacial reactions. Current methods including hard‐template (nanocasting) method or thermal‐assisted conversion (TAC) still suffer from drawbacks such as cumbersome and environmentally unfriendly process, humidity sensitivity, or ill‐defined mesostructures. Herein, the study reports a facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous TMDs/carbon composites by direct organic–inorganic co‐assembly in dual solvent (DMF/H2O). The amphiphilic block copolymer polyethylene oxide‐b‐polystyrene (PEO‐b‐PS) is used as the organic template, and (NH4)2MoS4 or (NH4)2WS4 as the inorganic precursor. After solvent evaporation‐induced aggregation assembly and thermal treatments, it results in highly ordered mesoporous MoS2, WS2, and MoS2/WS2 with highly crystalline framework, high specific surface area (44‐91 m2 g−1) and large pore sizes (15–21 nm). Semiconductor gas sensors based on mesoporous TMDs exhibit extraordinary sensing performances toward NO2 at room temperature, including high sensitivity and ultrahigh selectivity, benefiting from its abundant adsorption sites for gas molecules, fast diffusion rate in well‐connected mesopores, and rich edge active sites. This work paves a facile way to develop novel ordered mesoporous TMDs‐based semiconductor materials for various applications.
Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composite Dielectrics for Ultra‐Balanced Electrostatic Energy Storage
Authors: Liang Xiaozheng , Li Quan , Ren Yangjun , Xie Weimin , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe vast energy storage potential of polymer composite dielectrics in high pulse power sources stands in stark contrast to the unbalanced improvements in discharge energy density (Ud), charge–discharge efficiency (η), and dielectric strength (Eb) as reported currently. Herein, a multistage coupled interface engineering design is proposed: a novel gradient alternating dielectric buffer layer (G‐A‐DBL) is constructed, which consists of inorganic low‐k nanoclay aluminosilicate layer and high‐k ferroelectric layer assembled in a highly oriented alternation as a basic unit and gradient distribution in polymer matrix. This design achieves electric field confinement from the nanoscale to the macroscopic level and achieves an ultra‐balanced enhancement effect, resulting in a Ud of 28.5 J cm−3, an η of 80%, and an Eb of 676 kV mm−1. The universal charge retention ability of charge traps from aluminosilicate heterogeneous skeletons is demonstrated by combining density functional theory calculations and scanning probe measurements. The G‐A‐DBL design integrates traditional charge trapping, heterostructure formation, and gradient modulation, effectively suppressing the entire process of carrier excitation, transport, and before capture. This work advances the basic understanding of charge confinement within inorganic interface charge traps, demonstrating the most well‐balanced enhancement effect and potential for broad application across dielectric polymer nanocomposites.
Unlocking the Catalytic Potential of Platinum Single Atoms for Industry‐Level Current Density Chlorine Tolerance Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Sun Huachuan , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Humayun Muhammad , Qiu Yang , Ju Jun , Zhang Yumin , Bououdina Mohamed , Xue Xinying , Liu Qingju , Pang Yuanjie , Wang Chundong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImmobilizing platinum (Pt) single atoms on appropriate supports with optimized coordination environments and electronic structures is a promising strategy to address the problem of chlorine corrosion during seawater electrolysis. Herein, Pt single atoms on nickel‐vanadium layered double hydroxides (Pt‐SA/NiV‐LDH) matrix are fabricated for chlorine tolerance hydrogen generation. Due to the strong synergetic electronic interaction between atomically dispersed Pt and the ultrathin NiV LDH matrix, the adsorption/dissociation feature of *H2O, *OH, and *H are optimized as evidenced theoretically. The as‐fabricated Pt‐SA/NiV‐LDH electrode exhibits an exceptional mass activity (i.e., 30.98 times higher) compared to the commercial Pt/C, along with an ultra‐high turnover frequency (TOF) value of 9.90 s−1 in alkaline media. Impressively, only 207 mV overpotential is required to yield a current density of 2000 mA cm‒2 in an electrolyte solution containing 1 m KOH and 2 M NaCl, indicating its robust resistance to chlorine. Moreover, this kind of material demonstrates remarkably low overpotentials of 130 and 215 mV to attain the industrial‐scale current densities of 1000 and 2000 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater, accompanied by exceptional stability for 500 h working at 500 mA cm−2. This work provides an insightful reference for the production of sustainable green hydrogen through seawater electrolysis.
Revealing the Structure/Property Relationships of Semiconductor Nanomaterials via Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhao Peili , Cheng Yongfa , Li Lei , Jia Shuangfeng , Guan Xiaoxi , Huang Tianlong , Li Luying , Zheng He , Wang Jianbo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers unprecedent atomic resolution imaging and diverse characterizations capabilities, which has been proved to be effective in correlating the atomic structures and compositions with the physical/chemical properties of semiconductor nanomaterials. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest advancements regarding the atomic structure/property relationship in semiconductor nanomaterials. First, by employing off‐axis electron holography, a comprehensive overview of the quantitative investigations into the atomic‐electronic structure relationship of semiconductors is presented. Second, by integrating in situ TEM technique with micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS), this review summarizes the recent advancements achieved in elucidating the intricate relationship between structure and properties of nanomaterials subjected to diverse stimuli such as stress, thermal, and electric fields. Moreover, the impact of electron beam irradiation on the microstructure of semiconductor nanomaterials is discussed. Lastly, current challenges and future research opportunities are proposed along with their potential applications.
Synergistic Nanoarchitectonics: Precision Membrane Engineering for Rare Earth Selective Separation
Authors: Lv Zixiao , Zhang Xin , Gao Qifeng , Wen Chuanxi , He Yuqi , Tan HongXin , Qian Lijuan , Qi Wei , Chen Ximeng , Li Zhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are vital in high‐tech industries and defense due to their strategic significance. Crafting an efficient membranes channel for REE separation poses a significant challenge. Employing 2‐methylimidazole‐hydrolyzed OH−, dopamine polymerization is initiated and then Zn2+ coordinates with 2‐methylimidazole on PDA surfaces. The confined symbiotic reaction yields 2D vertical heterojunctions of GO/ZIF‐8/PDA (G/Z/P). During separation, partially dehydrated smaller hydrated lanthanide ions preferentially access interlayers, expanding and stabilizing the interlayer space by coordinating with PDA, thus excluding larger hydrated scandium ions from the membranes. Some scandium ions entering interlayer channels are sequestered by N in size‐matched ZIF‐8 pores. This distinctive mechanism facilitates selective scandium separation from other REEs (other REEs/Sc selectivity ≈68.73), achieving nearly complete Sc3+ rejection in a single step. The methodology offers unprecedented insights into precise nano‐space material synthesis, indicating promising strides in advancing scandium production.
Consistent Thermal Conductivities of Spring‐Like Structured Polydimethylsiloxane Composites under Large Deformation
Authors: Guo Yongqiang , Wang Shuangshuang , Zhang Haitian , Guo Hua , He MuKun , Ruan Kunpeng , Yu Ze , Wang Guang‐Sheng , Qiu Hua , Gu Junwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFlexible and highly thermally conductive materials with consistent thermal conductivity (λ) during large deformation are urgently required to address the heat accumulation in flexible electronics. In this study, spring‐like thermal conduction pathways of silver nanowire (S‐AgNW) fabricated by 3D printing are compounded with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare S‐AgNW/PDMS composites with excellent and consistentλduring deformation. The S‐AgNW/PDMS composites exhibit aλof 7.63 W m−1K−1at an AgNW amount of 20 vol%, which is ≈42 times that of PDMS (0.18 W m−1K−1) and higher than that of AgNW/PDMS composites with the same amount and random dispersion of AgNW (R‐AgNW/PDMS) (5.37 W m−1K−1). Variations in theλof 20 vol% S‐AgNW/PDMS composites are less than 2% under a deformation of 200% elongation, 50% compression, or 180° bending, which benefits from the large deformation characteristics of S‐AgNW. The heat‐transfer coefficient (0.29 W cm−2K−1) of 20 vol% S‐AgNW/PDMS composites is ≈1.3 times that of the 20 vol% R‐AgNW/PDMS composites, which reduces the temperature of a full‐stressed central processing unit by 6.8 °C compared to that using the 20 vol% R‐AgNW/PDMS composites as a thermally conductive material in the central processing unit.