bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lens or Prism? Patent Citations as a Measure of Knowledge Flows from Public Research
Authors: Roach Michael , Cohen Wesley M. 
Published: November 2012

This paper assesses the validity and accuracy of firms' backward patent citations as a measure of knowledge flows from public research by employing a newly constructed data set that matches patents to survey data at the level of the research and development lab. Using survey-based measures of the dimensions of knowledge flows, we identify sources of systematic measurement error associated with backward citations to both patent and nonpatent references. We find that patent citations reflect the codified knowledge flows from public research, but they appear to miss knowledge flows that are more private and contract based in nature, as well as those used in firm basic research. We also find that firms' patenting and citing strategies affect patent citations, making citations less indicative of knowledge flows. In addition, an illustrative analysis examining the magnitude and direction of measurement error bias suggests that measuring knowledge flows with patent citations can lead to substantial underestimation of the effect of public research on firms' innovative performance. Throughout our analyses we find that nonpatent references (e.g., journals, conferences, etc.), not the more commonly used patent references, are a better measure of knowledge originating from public research. This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
A Dynamic Level-k Model in Sequential Games
Authors: Ho Teck-Hua , Su Xuanming 
Published: November 2012

Backward induction is a widely accepted principle for predicting behavior in sequential games. In the classic example of the “centipede game,” however, players frequently violate this principle. An alternative is a “dynamic level-k” model, where players choose a rule from a rule hierarchy. The rule hierarchy is iteratively defined such that the level-k rule is a best response to the level-(k-1) rule, and the level-∞ rule corresponds to backward induction. Players choose rules based on their best guesses of others' rules and use historical plays to improve their guesses. The model captures two systematic violations of backward induction in centipede games, limited induction and repetition unraveling. Because the dynamic level-k model always converges to backward induction over repetition, the former can be considered to be a tracing procedure for the latter. We also examine the generalizability of the dynamic level-k model by applying it to explain systematic violations of backward induction in sequential bargaining games. We show that the same model is capable of capturing these violations in two separate bargaining experiments. This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
Short- and Long-term Individual Variation in Cardiac Troponin in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Nordenskjöld Anna M , Ahlström Håkan , Eggers Kai M , Fröbert Ole , Jaffe Allan S , Venge Per , Lindahl Bertil 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND
A rise or fall of cardiac troponin is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Defining significant changes requires knowledge of both biological and analytical variation. The short-term biological variation of cardiac troponin in healthy individuals is 3%–48%. However, healthy individuals may not be representative for patients in whom cardiac troponin measurement is often of clinical importance. Therefore, we studied the individual variation of cardiac troponin in patients with symptoms of stable coronary artery disease.

METHODS
Twenty-four patients scheduled for elective coronary angiography were included. Blood samples were drawn once at enrollment and serially at six 4-h intervals on the day before coronary angiography. Cardiac troponin was measured with hs-cTn assays from Abbott Laboratories (premarket cTnI assay) and Roche Diagnostics (Elecsys® cTnT assay with two different lots).

RESULTS
The short-term individual variation in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was 14%, the reference change value (RCV) 49%, and RCV-log-normal (rise/fall) 54%/−35%. The corresponding values for cTnT were 7%, 23%, and 26%/−21%. The long-term variation for cTnI was 24%, RCV 69%, and RCV-log-normal (rise/fall) 97%/−49%. The corresponding values for cTnT were 11%, 32%, and 37%/−27%.

CONCLUSIONS
The short-term individual variation of cardiac troponin in patients with symptoms of stable coronary artery disease is similar to the biological variation previously demonstrated in healthy individuals. Our results suggest that a change in cardiac troponin concentrations of &gt;50% can be used in attempting to diagnose acute myocardial injury. To detect significant long-term changes in cardiac troponin concentrations, larger changes will be required.
Graph Matching Based Decision Support Tools For Mitigating Spread Of Infectious Diseases Like H1N1
Authors: Paul Jomon Aliyas , Sambhoos Kedar 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Diseases like H1N1 can be prevented from becoming a wide spread epidemic through timely detection and containment measures. Similarity of H1N1 symptoms to any common flu and its alarming rate of spread through animals and humans complicate the deployment of such strategies. We use dynamic implementation of graph matching methods to overcome these challenges. Specifically, we formulate a mixed integer programming model (MIP) that analyzes patient symptom data available at hospitals to generate patient graph match scores. Successful matches are then used to update counters that generate alerts to the Public Health Department when the counters surpass the threshold values. Since multiple factors like age, health status, etc., influence vulnerability of exposed population and severity of those already infected, a heuristic that dynamically updates patient graph match scores based on the values of these factors is developed. To better understand the gravity of the situation at hand and achieve timely containment, the rate of infection and size of infected population in a specific region needs to be estimated. To this effect, we propose an algorithm that clusters the hospitals in a region based on the population they serve. Hospitals grouped together affect counters that are local to the population they serve. Analysis of graph match scores and counter values specific to the cluster helps identify the region that needs containment attention and determine the size and severity of infection in that region. We demonstrate the application of our models via a case study on emergency department patients arriving at hospitals in Buffalo, NY.
*Abstracts - 7th IN-CAM Research Symposium, Evaluating CAM Practices: Effectiveness, Integration, Economics & Safety - November 2012
Authors: Boon Heather , Verhoef Marja J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The following are abstracts of oral and poster presentations given at the 7th IN-CAM Research Symposium - Evaluating CAM Practices: Effectiveness, Integration, Economics & Safety, and the 4th HomeoNet Research Forum, a pre-Symposium event. The IN-CAM Research Symposium was held November 2 to 4, 2012 at the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. For more information, please visit: www.incamresearch.ca
Investigation of the Arc of a Vacuum Circuit Breaker in a fixed Gap using the Triggering method.
Authors: Oodo Stephen Ogidi , Dong Huajun , Zou Jiyan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
When the contacts of a Vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) with current flowing through it, is separated, an arc is generated. The Arc is usually supported by ionized gas or ionized metal vapour derived form the metal contact. This arc is an essential component of the interrupting process and capability of the Vacuum circuit breaker. The object of this paper is to trigger, record, observe and analyze the dynamic image of the Vacuum arc when it ignites in a short gap and at a low voltage. A CMOS high speed digital camera will be used to record the images of the arc. The characteristics of the arc in its diffused and constricted state, the degree of changes between the two states, and the direct relationship between the voltage and current will also be observed. The life time of the Vacuum arc will be 10ms
Influence of stacking sequence on mechanical properties of basalt-jute fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid composites
Authors: Amuthakkannan Pandian , Manikandan Vairavan , Jappes Jebbas Thangaiah Winowlin , Uthayakumar Marimuthu 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Different stacking sequences of woven basalt and jute fiber hybrid composites were prepared using compression molding techniques. The static mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact behaviors were studied. A constant pressure was applied to all the fabricated composites, and fibers were arranged in different layering patterns. It was found that from the different layering patterns, the tensile and flexural properties slightly increased for hybrid composites having alternate layers of basalt and jute fiber. To study the fracture surface morphology of the hybrid composites, scanning electron microscopy was also performed.
An Ancestral Recombination Graph for Diploid Populations with Skewed Offspring Distribution
Authors: Birkner Matthias , Blath Jochen , Eldon Bjarki 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A large offspring-number diploid biparental multilocus population model of Moran type is our object of study. At each time step, a pair of diploid individuals drawn uniformly at random contributes offspring to the population. The number of offspring can be large relative to the total population size. Similar “heavily skewed” reproduction mechanisms have been recently considered by various authors (cf. e.g., Eldon and Wakeley 2006, 2008) and reviewed by Hedgecock and Pudovkin (2011). Each diploid parental individual contributes exactly one chromosome to each diploid offspring, and hence ancestral lineages can coalesce only when in distinct individuals. A separation-of-timescales phenomenon is thus observed. A result of Möhle (1998) is extended to obtain convergence of the ancestral process to an ancestral recombination graph necessarily admitting simultaneous multiple mergers of ancestral lineages. The usual ancestral recombination graph is obtained as a special case of our model when the parents contribute only one offspring to the population each time. Due to diploidy and large offspring numbers, novel effects appear. For example, the marginal genealogy at each locus admits simultaneous multiple mergers in up to four groups, and different loci remain substantially correlated even as the recombination rate grows large. Thus, genealogies for loci far apart on the same chromosome remain correlated. Correlation in coalescence times for two loci is derived and shown to be a function of the coalescence parameters of our model. Extending the observations by Eldon and Wakeley (2008), predictions of linkage disequilibrium are shown to be functions of the reproduction parameters of our model, in addition to the recombination rate. Correlations in ratios of coalescence times between loci can be high, even when the recombination rate is high and sample size is large, in large offspring-number populations, as suggested by simulations, hinting at how to distinguish between different population models.
Long-Range Targeted Manipulation of the Drosophila Genome by Site-Specific Integration and Recombinational Resolution
Authors: Wesolowska Natalia , Rong Yikang S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Significant advances in genomics underscore the importance of targeted mutagenesis for gene function analysis. Here we have developed a scheme for long-range targeted manipulation of genes in the Drosophila genome. Utilizing an attP attachment site for the phiC31 integrase previously targeted to the nbs gene, we integrated an 80-kb genomic fragment at its endogenous locus to generate a tandem duplication of the region. We achieved reduction to a single copy by inducing recombination via a site-specific DNA break. We report that, despite the large size of the DNA fragment, both plasmid integration and duplication reduction can be accomplished efficiently. Importantly, the integrating genomic fragment can serve as a venue for introducing targeted modifications to the entire region. We successfully introduced a new attachment site 70 kb from the existing attP using this two-step scheme, making a new region susceptible to targeted mutagenesis. By experimenting with different placements of the future DNA break site in the integrating vector, we established a vector configuration that facilitates the recovery of desired modifications. We also show that reduction events can occur efficiently through unequal meiotic crossing over between the large duplications. Based on our results, we suggest that a collection of 1200 lines with attachment sites inserted every 140 kb throughout the genome would render all Drosophila genes amenable to targeted mutagenesis. Excitingly, all of the components involved are likely functional in other eukaryotes, making our scheme for long-range targeted manipulation readily applicable to other systems.
Captured Segment Exchange: A Strategy for Custom Engineering Large Genomic Regions inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bateman Jack R , Palopoli Michael F , Dale Sarah T , Stauffer Jennifer E , Shah Anita L , Johnson Justine E , Walsh Conor W , Flaten Hanna , Parsons Christine M 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSite-specific recombinases (SSRs) are valuable tools for manipulating genomes. In Drosophila, thousands of transgenic insertions carrying SSR recognition sites have been distributed throughout the genome by several large-scale projects. Here we describe a method with the potential to use these insertions to make custom alterations to the Drosophila genome in vivo. Specifically, by employing recombineering techniques and a dual recombinase-mediated cassette exchange strategy based on the phiC31 integrase and FLP recombinase, we show that a large genomic segment that lies between two SSR recognition-site insertions can be “captured” as a target cassette and exchanged for a sequence that was engineered in bacterial cells. We demonstrate this approach by targeting a 50-kb segment spanning the tsh gene, replacing the existing segment with corresponding recombineered sequences through simple and efficient manipulations. Given the high density of SSR recognition-site insertions in Drosophila, our method affords a straightforward and highly efficient approach to explore gene function in situ for a substantial portion of the Drosophila genome.
Defining the Epigenetic Mechanism of Asymmetric Cell Division ofSchizosaccharomyces japonicusYeast
Authors: Yu Chuanhe , Bonaduce Michael J , Klar Amar J S 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA key question in developmental biology addresses the mechanism of asymmetric cell division. Asymmetry is crucial for generating cellular diversity required for development in multicellular organisms. As one of the potential mechanisms, chromosomally borne epigenetic difference between sister cells that changes mating/cell type has been demonstrated only in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe fission yeast. For technical reasons, it is nearly impossible to determine the existence of such a mechanism operating during embryonic development of multicellular organisms. Our work addresses whether such an epigenetic mechanism causes asymmetric cell division in the recently sequenced fission yeast, S. japonicus (with 36% GC content), which is highly diverged from the well-studied S. pombe species (with 44% GC content). We find that the genomic location and DNA sequences of the mating-type loci of S. japonicus differ vastly from those of the S. pombe species. Remarkably however, similar to S. pombe, the S. japonicus cells switch cell/mating type after undergoing two consecutive cycles of asymmetric cell divisions: only one among four “granddaughter” cells switches. The DNA-strand–specific epigenetic imprint at the mating-type locus1 initiates the recombination event, which is required for cellular differentiation. Therefore the S. pombe and S. japonicus mating systems provide the first two examples in which the intrinsic chirality of double helical structure of DNA forms the primary determinant of asymmetric cell division. Our results show that this unique strand-specific imprinting/segregation epigenetic mechanism for asymmetric cell division is evolutionary conserved. Motivated by these findings, we speculate that DNA-strand–specific epigenetic mechanisms might have evolved to dictate asymmetric cell division in diploid, higher eukaryotes as well.
A New Production Model by Considering the Pressure Sensitivity of Permeability in Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Ji Bingyu , Li Li , Zheng Xianbao , Cheng Changhui , Yangtze U. , Kewen Li 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Most of the "easy" oil in high permeability reservoirs has been explored and developed to a great extent. More and more "difficult" oil has been discovered. There are many problems in developing the "difficult" oil in low or extremely low permeability reservoirs. One of the problems is the pressure sensitivity of permeability which declines significantly as pore pressure decreases or net overburden pressure increases. There have been a few mathematical models to calculate oil or gas production by considering the pressure sensitivity of permeability. However most of the models have not been verified using field production data. In this study, a new production model has been derived theoretically with the pressure sensitivity of permeability considered. Using the production data from a low permeability (less than 1.0×10−3μm2) oil field (Yushulin, Daqing), the model has been tested and verified. The pressure sensitivity coefficient of permeability has been calculated by using the new model with the field data. The results calculated using the new model also showed that the permeability near the well bottom decreased significantly because of the drop in pressure in low permeability reservoirs. An obvious permeability decline funnel could be formed even the formation was homogeneous before development. It was found that the productivity index is no longer a constant in low permeability reservoirs with serious pressure sensitivity of permeability. According to this study, it is necessary to consider the pressure sensitivity of permeability when low permeability reservoirs are being developed. Otherwise, the production will be greatly overestimated.
Compressibility Method for Pore Pressure Prediction
Authors: Atashbari Vahid , Tingay Mark , Zareian Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Pore pressure is a key parameter in controlling the well in terms of reservoir fluid pressure. An accurate estimation of pore pressure yields to better mud weight proposition and pressure balance in the bore hole. Current well known methods of pore pressure prediction are mainly based on the differences between the recorded amount and normal trend in sonic wave velocity, formation resistivity factor (FRF), or d-exponent (a function of drilling parameters) in overpressured zone. The majority of the techniques are based on the compaction of specific formation type which need localization or calibration. They occasionally fail to proper response in carbonate reservoirs.
In this research, a new method for calculating the pore pressure has been obtained using the compressibility attribute of reservoir rock. In the case of overpressure generation by undercompaction (which is the case in most of the reservoirs), pore pressure is depended on the changes in pore space which is a function of rock and pore compressibility. In a simple way, pore space decreases while the formation undergoes compaction and this imposes pressure on the fluid which fills the pores. Generally, rock compressibility has minor changes over a specific formation, but even this small amount must be considered. Thus, the statistical tools should be used to distribute the compressibility over the formation. Therefore, based on the bulk and pore compressibility achieved from the special core analysis (SCAL) or well logs in one well, the pore pressure in the other locations of a formation could be predicted.
Unconventional Execution Strategy of a Mega Offshore Project
Authors: Houchaimi Wassim 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Unconventional Execution Strategy of a Mega Offshore Project

Introduction

Background
At the turn of the millennium, with demand for oil picking up, & with the price of oil & projected to cross US$ 100/barrel (& even reach US$ 200/barrel by some predictions), all International Oil Companies (IOC's) & National Oil Companies (NOC's) across the globe frantically embarked on production capacity expansion projects.
The difficulties faced by the contractors were compounded by a severe shortage of industry qualified professionals, because of historical factors & as a result of large & un-anticipated demand.
The Arabian Gulf was no exception to this worldwide frenzy & several ambitious development projects were simultaneously launched by the oil field operators in the early & mid 2000's.
Among the many developments that were sanctioned in 2005 in Qatar was a mega offshore development of a field operated by an IOC.
Well Selection Criteria for Water Shut-Off Polymer Gel Injection in Carbonates
Authors: Canbolat Serhat , Parlaktuna Mahmut 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Polymer Gel Injection is an efficient method for Water Shut-Off (WSO) application in naturally fractured carbonate oil reservoirs with high water cuts. The application of WSO extends the economic life of the field is extended with the decline in water production. Polymer gel injection has become a common application to remediate high water rates in fractured networks replacing the usual procedures of squeeze cementing, landing open-hole packers, and liners.
A well selection procedure is developed for a successful WSO treatment in a given field which is based on the analysis of reservoir rock and fluid properties and production history of the field. The best candidates of wells are chosen with respect to; estimated remaining mobile hydrocarbons in place, productivity index (PI) values, number of fracture intensity, completion types and water cut of the wells. Then, the effects of WSO application simulations run for water-shut-off polymer gel injection application for the selected wells on oil recovery comparison. Finally, application economics for the selected wells are studied for the justification of procedure.
In the candidate field the results showed that the wells having high PI values with high fracture density distributions (number of fractures) located on the apex of the field were the good candidates. Also, the wells, having low cumulative oil recovery with high water cut %, completed as a cased hole or short pay zone under the casing (open hole) were the verified well candidates with the field simulator, for WSO polymer gel application in the field.
Consequently, the results of simulations showed that the treatment was economically more profitable.WSO treatment in candidate field was resulted in immediate payout in 60 days. The selected five wells, after the application gave 2.77 profits to investment ratio at the end of ten months production period with an incremental oil recovery of 15.763 bbls.