bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia prematurely dying from circulatory diseases
Authors: Chen Pao‐Huan , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Kuo Chian‐Jue , Chung Kuo‐Hsuan , Huang Shou‐Hung , Chen Chiao‐Chicy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionPatients with schizophrenia before reaching geriatric age are at high risk of circulatory mortality. However, investigations are lacking on the characteristics of physiological measurement among these at‐risk patients.MethodsIn this study, we followed acutely inpatients with schizophrenia disorder for cause of death through record linkage to the Death Certification System in Taiwan. Cases of patients who died because of circulatory morbidity (ICD–9 401–443) before turning 65 years old were used. Each schizophrenia case was then matched with two mentally healthy controls for the age and sex, and date of laboratory examination. Clinical data of all subjects were obtained by reviewing medical records.ResultsTotally, 81 patients with schizophrenia who died from circulatory diseases at mean ages of 48.0 ± 10.7 years were investigated. The mean age at the final acute psychiatric hospitalization was 43.0 ± 10.9 years. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated fasting serum glucose levels (95% confidence interval [CI] for odds ratio (OR) = 1.00–1.03), blood leukocyte counts (95% CI for odds ratio (OR) = 1.07–1.55), and heart rates on electrocardiogram (95% CI for OR = 1.04–1.10) in the final psychiatric hospitalization collectively provided the predictive validity for premature circulatory death.ConclusionSystemic inflammatory activation and autonomic nervous system dysfunction along with dysregulation of glucose metabolism rather than lipids could be the physiological characteristics of schizophrenia patients at risk of premature circulatory mortality.
Efficacy of thiopurines and adalimumab in preventing Crohn's disease recurrence in high‐risk patients – a POCER study analysis
Authors: De Cruz P. , Kamm M. A. , Hamilton A. L. , Ritchie K. J. , Krejany E. O. , Gorelik A. , Liew D. , Prideaux L. , Lawrance I. C. , Andrews J. M. , Bampton P. A. , Jakobovits S. , Florin T. H. , Gibson P. R. , Debinski H. , Gearry R. B. , Macrae F. A. , Leong R. W. , Kronborg I. , Radford‐Smith G. , Selby W. , Johnston M. J. , Woods R. , Elliott P. R. , Bell S. J. , Brown S. J. , Connell W. R. , Desmond P. V. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundCrohn's disease recurs in the majority of patients after intestinal resection.AimTo compare the relative efficacy of thiopurines and anti‐TNF therapy in patients at high risk of disease recurrence.MethodsAs part of a larger study comparing post‐operative management strategies, patients at high risk of recurrence (smoker, perforating disease, ≥2nd operation) were treated after resection of all macroscopic disease with 3 months metronidazole together with either azathioprine 2 mg/kg/day or mercaptopurine 1.5 mg/kg/day. Thiopurine‐intolerant patients received adalimumab induction then 40 mg fortnightly. Patients underwent colonoscopy at 6 months with endoscopic recurrence assessed blind to treatment.ResultsA total of 101 patients [50% male; median (IQR) age 36 (25–46) years] were included. There were no differences in disease history between thiopurine‐ and adalimumab‐treated patients. Fifteen patients withdrew prior to 6 months, five due to symptom recurrence (of whom four were colonoscoped). Endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts score i2–i4) occurred in 33 of 73 (45%) thiopurine vs. 6 of 28 (21%) adalimumab‐treated patients [intention‐to‐treat (ITT); P = 0.028] or 24 of 62 (39%) vs. 3 of 24 (13%) respectively [per‐protocol analysis (PPA); P = 0.020]. Complete mucosal endoscopic normality (Rutgeerts i0) occurred in 17/73 (23%) vs. 15/28 (54%) (ITT; P = 0.003) and in 27% vs. 63% (PPA; P = 0.002). The most advanced disease (Rutgeerts i3 and i4) occurred in 8% vs. 4% (thiopurine vs. adalimumab).ConclusionsIn Crohn's disease patients at high risk of post‐operative recurrence adalimumab is superior to thiopurines in preventing early disease recurrence.
Peripheral blood eosinophils and other non‐invasive biomarkers can monitor treatment response in eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Schlag C. , Miehlke S. , Heiseke A. , Brockow K. , Krug A. , von Arnim U. , Straumann A. , Vieth M. , Bussmann C. , Mueller R. , Greinwald R. , Bajbouj M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundMonitoring of the treatment response in eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) requires structured endoscopical and histological examination of the oesophagus. Less invasive methods would be highly desirable.AimTo evaluate the utility of several EoE‐associated blood and serum markers in order to non‐invasively monitor the response to treatment with swallowed topical corticosteroids in adult EoE patients.MethodsIn a randomised, controlled double‐blind trial blood samples of EoE patients (n = 69) were collected at baseline and after 14 days of treatment with budesonide (n = 51) or placebo (n = 18) respectively. Absolute blood eosinophil count (AEC) as well as serum levels of CCL‐17, CCL‐18, CCL‐26, eosinophil‐cationic‐protein (ECP) and mast cell tryptase (MCT) were determined and correlated with oesophageal eosinophil density and with symptom and endoscopy scores.ResultsHistological remission, defined as mean number of <16 eos/mm2 hpf at end‐of‐treatment, was achieved in 98% of the budesonide and 0% of the placebo recipients. AEC [380.2 vs. 214.7/mm3 (P = 0.0001)], serum‐CCL‐17 [294.3 vs. 257.9 pg/mL (P = 0.0019)], ‐CCL‐26 [26.7 vs. 16.2 pg/mL (P = 0.0058)], ‐ECP [45.5 ± 44.7 vs. 27.5 ± 25.0 μg/L (P = 0.0016)] and ‐MCT [5.3 ± 2.9 vs. 4.5 ± 2.6 μg/L (P = 0.0019)] significantly decreased under budesonide but not under placebo. AEC significantly correlated with oesophageal eosinophil density before (r = 0.28, P = 0.0236) and after (r = 0.42, P = 0.0004) budesonide treatment. In ROC‐AUC analyses post‐treatment values of AEC were significantly associated with histological remission (ROC‐AUC 0.754; 95% CI: 0.617–0.891; P = 0.0003).ConclusionsThe budesonide‐induced treatment response in EoE is mirrored by several blood and serum markers, and the absolute blood eosinophil count is the most valuable as it shows correlation with the oesophageal eosinophil density.
Laparoscopic surgery for esophageal achalasia: Multiport vs single‐incision approach
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Makino Tomoki , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Miyata Hiroshi , Takiguchi Shuji , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionSILS can potentially improve aesthetic outcomes without adversely affecting treatment outcomes, but these outcomes are uncertain in laparoscopic Heller–Dor surgery. We determined if the degree of patient satisfaction with aesthetic outcomes progressed with the equivalent treatment outcomes after the introduction of a single‐incision approach to laparoscopic Heller–Dor surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 20 consecutive esophageal achalasia patients (multiport approach, n = 10; single‐incision approach, n = 10) and assessed the treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction with the aesthetic outcomes.ResultsIn the single‐incision approach, thin supportive devices were routinely used to gain exposure to the esophageal hiatus. No statistically significant differences in the operating time (210.2 ± 28.8 vs 223.5 ± 46.3 min; P = 0.4503) or blood loss (14.0 ± 31.7 vs 16.0 ± 17.8 mL; P = 0.8637) were detected between the multiport and single‐incision approaches. We experienced no intraoperative complications. Mild dysphagia, which resolved spontaneously, was noted postoperatively in one patient treated with the multiport approach. The reduction rate of the maximum lower esophageal sphincter pressure was 25.1 ± 34.4% for the multiport approach and 21.8 ± 19.2% for the single‐incision approach (P = 0.8266). Patient satisfaction with aesthetic outcomes was greater for the single‐incision approach than for the multiport approach.ConclusionWhen single‐incision laparoscopic Heller–Dor surgery was performed adequately and combined with the use of thin supportive devices, patient satisfaction with the aesthetic outcomes was higher and treatment outcomes were equivalent to those of the multiport approach.
Effect of transportation and pre‐slaughter water shower spray with resting on AMP‐activated protein kinase, glycolysis and meat quality of broilers during summer
Authors: Xing Tong , Xu Xinglian , Jiang Nannan , Deng ShaoLin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of pre‐slaughter transport during summer and subsequent water shower spray on stress, postmortem glycolysis, energy metabolism and adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in Pectoralis major (PM) muscle of broilers. Results indicated that transport during high ambient temperature induced the release of plasma corticosterone, which significantly affected stress conditions. Moreover, we found a lower energy status in the early postmortem period compared to the control group. AMPK was activated in this situation, following by the rapid glycolysis and accumulation of lactic acid, leading to a high incidence of pale, soft, exudative (PSE)‐like meat. Water shower spray with resting after transport relieved the stress situation, recovered energy homeostasis and lessened the deterioration of meat quality. As a key molecular target for the control of energy status, AMPK has a similar potential in regulating postmortem muscle glycolysis of broilers as in mammals.
Suspected ivermectin resistance in a south‐east Queensland Parascaris equorum population
Authors: Beasley A , Coleman G , Kotze AC 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThere have been several international reports of macrocyclic lactone (ML)‐resistant Parascaris equorum over the past decade, but the resistance status of Australian P. equorum populations is largely unknown. A case of apparent reduced efficacy of ivermectin against P. equorum in Australia was investigated.Methods and ResultsA faecal egg count reduction test carried out on a group of weanling foals in south‐east Queensland showed the efficacy of ivermectin to be 65%.ConclusionThe case highlights the need to review current worm control strategies, especially for young horses.
Fluorescence‐ and bioluminescence‐based approaches to study GPCR ligand binding
Authors: Stoddart Leigh A , White Carl W , Nguyen Kim , Hill Stephen J , Pfleger Kevin D G 
Published: August 2015

Ligand binding is a vital component of any pharmacologist's toolbox and allows the detailed investigation of how a molecule binds to its receptor. These studies enable the experimental determination of binding affinity of labelled and unlabelled compounds through kinetic, saturation (Kd) and competition (Ki) binding assays. Traditionally, these studies have used molecules labelled with radioisotopes; however, more recently, fluorescent ligands have been developed for this purpose. This review will briefly cover receptor ligand binding theory and then discuss the use of fluorescent ligands with some of the different technologies currently employed to examine ligand binding. Fluorescent ligands can be used for direct measurement of receptor‐associated fluorescence using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry as well as in assays such as fluorescence polarization, where ligand binding is monitored by changes in the free rotation when a fluorescent ligand is bound to a receptor. Additionally, fluorescent ligands can act as donors or acceptors for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with the development of assays based on FRET and time‐resolved FRET (TR‐FRET). Finally, we have recently developed a novel bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) ligand binding assay utilizing a small (19 kDa), super‐bright luciferase subunit (NanoLuc) from a deep sea shrimp. In combination with fluorescent ligands, measurement of RET now provides an array of methodologies to study ligand binding. While each method has its own advantages and drawbacks, binding studies using fluorescent ligands are now a viable alternative to the use of radioligands.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc
Do Children See in Black and White? Children's and Adults' Categorizations of Multiracial Individuals
Authors: Roberts Steven O. , Gelman Susan A. 
Published: August 2015

Categorizations of multiracial individuals provide insight into the development of racial concepts. Children's (4–13 years) and adults', both White (Study 1) and Black (Study 2; N = 387), categorizations of multiracial individuals were examined. White children (unlike Black children) more often categorized multiracial individuals as Black than as White in the absence of parentage information. White and Black adults (unlike children) more often categorized multiracial individuals as Black than as White, even when knowing the individuals' parentage. Children's rates of in‐group contact predicted their categorizations. These data suggest that a tendency to categorize multiracial individuals as Black relative to White emerges early in development and results from perceptual biases in White children but ideological motives in White and Black adults.
Scientific Interests of 21st Century Clinical Oral Implant Research: Topical Trend Analysis
Authors: Pommer Bernhard , Valkova Vesela , Ubaidha Maheen Ceeneena , Fürhauser Lukas , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Seeman Rudolf 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundDiscrimination between ongoing and solved research questions may help to distinguish established dogmas from evidence‐based implant dentistry.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate topics of interest in the field of oral implant science and evolving thematic trends in clinical studies during the last decade.Materials and MethodsElectronic and manual searches of English literature were performed to identify clinical studies on oral implants. Out of 15,695 publications screened, 2,875 clinical investigations were included.ResultsAmong the most prevalent topics were immediate loading (14.3%), bone substitutes (11.6%), lateral sinus grafting (10.7%), implant overdentures (10.5%), single‐tooth implant crowns (8.8%), cross‐arch implant bridges (8.0%), immediate implant placement (7.5%), implant surfaces (7.0%), simultaneous implant placement and augmentation (6.4%) as well as guided bone regeneration (5.3%). Significant increase of scientific interest was seen in immediate loading (+6.3%, p < .001), platform switching (+2.9%, p < 0.001), lateral sinus grafting (+2.3%, p = .024), flapless implant surgery (+2.2%, p < 0.001), and guided implant surgery (+1.9%, p = .011), while research on implant overdentures (−6.6%, p = .033) and tooth‐to‐implant connection (−2.5%, p = .010) was on the decline.ConclusionsLiterature coverage, since the beginning of the 21st century, has seen greater focus on surgical topics compared to prosthodontic issues (p = .005) while only few topics experienced decrease of interest indicating scientific consensus.
An Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Antipsychotic Use in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Burghardt Kyle J. , Evans Simon J. , Wiese Kristen M. , Ellingrod Vicki L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundSecond generation antipsychotic (SGA) use in bipolar disorder is common and has proven effective in short‐term trials. There continues to be a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying many of their positive and negative effects in bipolar disorder. This study aimed to describe the metabolite profiles of bipolar subjects treated with SGAs by comparing to metabolite profiles of bipolar subjects treated with lithium, and schizophrenia subjects treated with SGAs.MethodsCross‐sectional, fasting untargeted serum metabolomic profiling was conducted in 82 subjects diagnosed with bipolar I disorder (n = 30 on SGAs and n = 32 on lithium) or schizophrenia (n = 20). Metabolomic profiles of bipolar subjects treated with SGAs were compared to bipolar subjects treated with lithium and schizophrenia subjects treated with SGAs using multivariate methods.ResultsPartial lease square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) plots showed separation between bipolar subjects treated with SGAs, bipolar subjects treated with lithium, or schizophrenia subjects treated with SGAs. Top influential metabolite features were associated with several pathways including that of polyunsaturated fatty acids, pyruvate, glucose, and branched chain amino acids.ConclusionsThe findings from this study require further validation in pre‐ and posttreated bipolar and schizophrenia subjects, but suggest that the pharmacometabolome may be diagnosis specific.
Current diagnosis and treatment of basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Alter Mareike , Hillen Uwe , Leiter Ulrike , Sachse Michael , Gutzmer Ralf 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBasal cell carcinoma represents is most common tumor in fair‐skinned individuals. In Germany, age‐standardized incidence rates are 63 (women) and 80 (men) per 100,000 population per year. Early lesions may be difficult to diagnose merely on clinical grounds. Here, noninvasive diagnostic tools such as optical coherence tomography and confocal laser scanning microscopy may be helpful. The clinical diagnosis is usually confirmed by histology. Standard therapy consists of complete excision with thorough histological examination, either by means of micrographic surgery or, depending on tumor size and location as well as infiltration, using surgical margins of 3–5 mm or more. In particular, multiple basal cell carcinomas (such as in Gorlin‐Goltz syndrome) and locally advanced as well as rarely also metastatic basal cell carcinoma may pose a therapeutic challenge. In superficial basal cell carcinoma, nonsurgical therapies such as photodynamic therapy or topical agents may be considered. In case of locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma, an interdisciplinary tumor board should issue therapeutic recommendations. These include radiation therapy as well as systemic therapy with a hedgehog inhibitor.
Evacuating People with Mobility‐Challenges in a Short‐Notice Disaster
Authors: Apte Aruna , Heath Susan K. , Pico Andres , Ronny Tan Yong Hui 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn past disasters, arrangements have been made to evacuate people without their own transportation, requiring them to gather at select locations to be evacuated. Unfortunately, this type of plan does not help those people who are unable to move themselves to the designated meeting locations. In the United States, according to the Post‐Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006, state or local governments have the responsibility to coordinate evacuation plans for all populations. These include those with disabilities. However, few, if any, have plans in place for those who are mobility‐challenged. The problem of evacuating mobility‐challenged people from their individual locations in a short‐notice disaster is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. In order to develop the model and select a solution approach, we surveyed related literature. Based on our review, we formulate the problem and develop an Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve it. We then test two different versions of the ACO algorithm on five stylized datasets with several different parameter settings.
Earlier intensified insulin treatment of Type 1 diabetes and its association with long‐term macrovascular and renal complications
Authors: Rathsman B. , Donner M. , Ursing C. , Nyström T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimsTo investigate the incidence of all‐cause mortality, composite mortality and morbidity in people with Type 1 diabetes formerly randomized in the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study.MethodsA total of 102 people with Type 1 diabetes were randomized in the period 1982–1984 to intensified conventional treatment or standard treatment with insulin for a mean of 7.5 years. We prospectively re‐evaluated this cohort for the period until 2011 with regard to all‐cause mortality and composite mortality, which consisted of myocardial infarction, stroke and end‐stage renal disease as primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints were first‐time hospitalization for myocardial infarction and stroke or end‐stage renal disease. Data on HbA1c levels (mean of 22 values/person) were retrospectively collected between 1996 and 2011.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up of 28 years, 22 people died: seven in the intensified conventional insulin group compared with 15 in the standard treatment group (P = 0.30). With regard to composite mortality, six people in the intensified conventional insulin group died compared with 11 in the standard treatment group (P = 0.56). For the secondary endpoints, 11 people in the intensified conventional insulin group developed myocardial infarction or stroke compared with 17 in the standard treatment group (P = 0.72), and one person in the intensified conventional insulin compared with seven people in the standard treatment group developed end‐stage renal disease (P = 0.09). Mean HbA1c levels did not differ between groups during the follow‐up years.ConclusionsAll‐cause mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and progression to end‐stage renal disease did not differ in people with Type 1 diabetes earlier randomized to intensified insulin treatment.
‘Random‐flight’ dispersal in tropical fruit‐feeding butterflies? High mobility, long lifespans and no home ranges
Authors: MARCHANT NICHOLAS C. , PURWANTO ARI , HARSANTO FRANSISKUS A. , BOYD NICHOLAS S. , HARRISON MARK E. , HOULIHAN PETER R. 
Published: August 2015

1. Tropical fruit‐feeding Nymphalidae butterflies are widely used in research, monitoring, and conservation projects, but to date a key aspect of their behaviour – dispersal – remains poorly understood. They have anecdotally been described as ‘relatively sedentary’ based on movement vectors from mark‐recapture studies, but this may be inaccurate because plot‐based studies in small sampling areas often underrepresent long‐distance movements.2. Based on data from a peat‐swamp forest in Borneo, it was found that these butterflies may be much more mobile than previously thought, as they frequently moved distances of 1–2 km between sampling plots. Median daily movements were approximately 200–250 m, and over lifespans of one or more months these movements may sum to total life‐time dispersals of several kilometres.3. Recapture rates for long‐distance movements between sampling plots were between 28.2% and 41.6% of the re‐encounter rates that would be predicted by a random‐walk approximation/Brownian motion (without accounting for survival rates), supporting the hypothesis that it is a suitable model of dispersal in this group, although further research is needed to confirm this.4. There was no evidence that butterflies occupied permanent home ranges, and it is suggested that a permanent home range or territorial behaviour would be maladaptive in this group. Pseudo‐replication caused by ‘trap‐happy’ behaviour was not found to be widespread, and some recommendations are provided regarding the treatment of recapture data in trap‐based studies.5. These findings substantially increase the spatial parameters for future research and conservation projects in this group and are also applicable to theoretical modelling studies.An abstract for this article in Bahasa Indonesia is included in the online supporting information File S1.