bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Stage Oxidoreductive States of
Chlamydia
and Infected Host Cells
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Schwarzer Christian , Hybiske Kevin , Machen Terry E. , Stephens Richard S. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

A defining characteristic of
Chlamydia
spp. is their developmental cycle characterized by outer membrane transformations of cysteine bonds among cysteine-rich outer membrane proteins. The reduction-oxidation states of host cell compartments were monitored during the developmental cycle using live fluorescence microscopy. Organelle redox states were studied using redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP1) expressed in CF15 epithelial cells and targeted to the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The redox properties of chlamydiae and the inclusion were monitored using roGFP expressed by
Chlamydia trachomatis
following transformation. Despite the large morphological changes associated with chlamydial infection, redox potentials of the cytosol (Ψ
cyto
[average, −320 mV]), mitochondria (Ψ
mito
[average, −345 mV]), and the ER (Ψ
ER
[average, −258 mV]) and their characteristic redox regulatory abilities remained unchanged until the cells died, at which point Ψ
cyto
and Ψ
mito
became more oxidized and Ψ
ER
became more reduced. The redox status of the chamydial cytoplasm was measured following transformation and expression of the roGFP biosensor in
C. trachomatis
throughout the developmental cycle. The periplasmic and outer membrane redox states were assessed by the level of cysteine cross-linking of cysteine-rich envelope proteins. In both cases, the chlamydiae were highly reduced early in the developmental cycle and became oxidized late in the developmental cycle. The production of a late-developmental-stage oxidoreductase/isomerase, DsbJ, may play a key role in the regulation of the oxidoreductive developmental-stage-specific process.

IMPORTANCE
Infectious
Chlamydia
organisms have highly oxidized and cysteine cross-linked membrane proteins that confer environmental stability when outside their host cells. Once these organisms infect a new host cell, the proteins become reduced and remain reduced during the active growth stage. These proteins become oxidized at the end of their growth cycle, wherein infectious organisms are produced and released to the environment. How chlamydiae mediate and regulate this key step in their pathogenesis is unknown. Using biosensors specifically targeted to different compartments within the infected host cell and for the chlamydial organisms themselves, the oxidoreductive states of these compartments were measured during the course of infection. We found that the host cell redox states are not changed by infection with
C. trachomatis
, whereas the state of the chlamydial organisms remains reduced during infection until the late developmental stages, wherein the organisms’ cytosol and periplasm become oxidized and they acquire environmental resistance and infectivity.
Overall and Abdominal Adiposity and Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk among Hispanic Women: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study
Authors: John Esther M. , Sangaramoorthy Meera , Hines Lisa M. , Stern Mariana C. , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Giuliano Anna R. , Wolff Roger K. , Slattery Martha L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Background: Few studies in Hispanic women have examined the relation between adult body size and risk of premenopausal breast cancer defined by hormone receptor status.
Methods: The Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study pooled interview and anthropometric data from two large U.S. population-based case–control studies. We examined associations of overall and abdominal adiposity with risk of estrogen receptor– and progesterone receptor–positive (ER+PR+) and –negative (ER−PR−) breast cancer in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (NHW) women, calculating ORs and 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Among Hispanics, risk of ER+PR+ breast cancer was inversely associated with measures of overall adiposity, including young-adult and current body mass index (BMI). Risk was substantially reduced among those with high (above the median) young-adult BMI and current overweight or obesity. The findings for overall adiposity were similar for Hispanics and NHWs. In the subset of Hispanics with data on genetic ancestry, inverse associations of current BMI, and weight gain with ER+PR+ breast cancer were limited to those with lower Indigenous American ancestry. For ER−PR− breast cancer, height was associated with increased risk, and young-adult BMI was associated with reduced risk. For all breast cancers combined, positive associations were seen for waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio in Hispanic women only.
Conclusions: Our findings of body size associations with specific breast cancer subtypes among premenopausal Hispanic women were similar to those reported for NHW women.
Impact: Adiposity throughout the premenopausal years has a major influence on breast cancer risk in Hispanic women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 138–47. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by John et al., p. 128
Model for Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in a Korean Population
Authors: Park Gyung-Min , Han Seungbong , Kim Seon Ha , Jo Min-Woo , Her Sung Ho , Lee Jung Bok , Lee Moo Song , Kim Hyeon Chang , Ahn Jung-Min , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Kim Beom-Jun , Koh Jung-Min , Kim Hong-Kyu , Choe Jaewon , Park Seong-Wook , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: October 2014

Background—
A model for predicting cardiovascular disease in Asian populations is limited.

Methods and Results—

In total, 57 393 consecutive asymptomatic Korean individuals aged 30 to 80 years without a prior history of cardiovascular disease who underwent a general health examination were enrolled. Subjects were randomly classified into the train (n=45 914) and validation (n=11 479) cohorts. Thirty-one possible risk factors were assessed. The cardiovascular event was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. In the train cohort, the C-index (95% confidence interval) and Akaike Information Criterion were used to develop the best-fitting prediction model. In the validation cohort, the predicted versus the observed cardiovascular event rates were compared by the C-index and Nam and D’Agostino χ
2
statistics. During a median follow-up period of 3.1 (interquartile range, 1.9–4.3) years, 458 subjects had 474 cardiovascular events. In the train cohort, the best-fitting model consisted of age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, current smoking, family history of coronary heart disease, white blood cell, creatinine, glycohemoglobin, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure, and cholesterol (C-index =0.757 [0.726–0.788] and Akaike Information Criterion =7207). When this model was tested in the validation cohort, it performed well in terms of discrimination and calibration abilities (C-index=0.760 [0.693–0.828] and Nam and D’Agostino χ
2
statistic =0.001 for 3 years; C-index=0.782 [0.719–0.846] and Nam and D’Agostino χ
2
statistic=1.037 for 5 years).

Conclusions—
A risk model based on traditional clinical and biomarkers has a feasible model performance in predicting cardiovascular events in an asymptomatic Korean population.
Simulation of rice yield under different irrigation and nitrogen application managements by CropSyst model
Authors: ZARE Narjes , KHALEDIAN Mohammadreza , PIRMORADIAN Nader , REZAEI Mojtaba 
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was the calibration and validation of CropSyst model for rice in the city of Rasht. The necessary data were extracted from a field experiment which was carried out during 2005-2007 in a split-plot design. The main plots were irrigation regimes including continuous flooding irrigation and 5-day irrigation intervals. The subplots consisted of four nitrogen levels: zero N application, 45, 60 and 75 kg N ha-1. Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (nRMSE) and Residual Mass Coefficient (Crm) in calibration years were 9.3 % and 0.06, respectively. In validation year, nRMSE and Crm were 9.7 % and 0.11, respectively. According to other indices to assess irrigation regimes and fertilizer levels, the most suitable treatments regarding environmental aspect were 5-day irrigation regime and 45 kg N ha-1.
Different species of basil need different ammonium to nitrate ratio in hydroponics' system
Authors: SAADATIAN M. , PEYVAST Gh. , OLFATI J.A. , RAMEZANI-KHARAZ P. 
Published: October 2014

Basil is a very important medicinal plant and culinary spice, and is marketed fresh, dried or frozen. In crop nutrition, nitrogen is essential for plant growth and as a macro-element, is part of the proteins’ structure and participates in the metabolic processes involved in the synthesis and energy transfer. It has been shown that a balance between ammonium and nitrate favors plant growth and that the degree of benefit varies among crops. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth of two varieties of basil in function of four nutrient solutions containing different NH4+/NO3- ratios. Results showed that different variety response differently to nutrient solution. Although the highest yield in both varieties (sweet and purple) was obtained when fed by nutrient solution without ammonium but their response on quality indices were different due to nitrate ammonium ratio in nutrient solutions. The highest total phenol content of sweet and purple basil was 92 and 100 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight respectively, while the highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in purple variety grown in nutrient solution 2 (NH4+:1/NO3:4) and the lowest value were related to sweet variety with the same nutrient solution. Moderate content of total nitrogen can be suitable for sweet variety while for purple variety nutrient solution with low amount of ammonium can be more suitable.
Suitability of Two Prey Species for Development, Reproduction, and Survival ofTenuisvalvae notata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Barbosa Paulo R R , Oliveira Martin D , Giorgi José A , Oliveira José E M , Torres Jorge B 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe coccinellid Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been observed recently in association with the striped mealybug Ferrisia virgata Cockerell (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and the false cochineal scale Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. The latter species are important pests of cotton and prickly pear, respectively. In this study, we tested the two scale insects as prey for T. notata. In addition, eggs of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were tested as possible alternative prey for rearing T. notata. In this work, the survivorship, reproduction, and predation of T. notata were investigated. The coccinellid T. notata was able to complete development only on F. virgata with 83% larval and pupal viability. Females of T. notata fed F. virgata produced 7.6 eggs a day with an eclosion rate of 61.9%. No oviposition occurred while feeding on A. kuehniella eggs. The highest consumption rate of F. virgata occurred during the last larval instar. Our results support the use of T. notata as an agent for the biological control of F. virgata, a highly polyphagous pest worldwide.
Screw-retained crown restorations of single implants: A step-by-step clinical guide
Authors: Assaf Mohammad , Gharbyeh Alaa' Z. Abu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper shows the clinical steps for preparing a screw-retained crown for the restoration of a single implant. Impression-taking using open-tray technique and delivery of the crown is presented in a step-by-step manner elucidated by detailed photographs. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of screw-retained crowns are discussed in comparison with the cemented restorations.
Visualizing the Chain‐Flipping Mechanism in Fatty‐Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Beld Joris , Cang Hu , Burkart Michael D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe acyl carrier protein (ACP) from fatty acid synthases sequesters elongating products within its hydrophobic core, but this dynamic mechanism remains poorly understood. We exploited solvatochromic pantetheine probes attached to ACP that fluoresce when sequestered. The addition of a catalytic partner lures the cargo out of the ACP and into the active site of the enzyme, thus enhancing fluorescence to reveal the elusive chain‐flipping mechanism. This activity was confirmed by the use of a dual solvatochromic cross‐linking probe and solution‐phase NMR spectroscopy. The chain‐flipping mechanism was visualized by single‐molecule fluorescence techniques, thus demonstrating specificity between the Escherichia coli ACP and its ketoacyl synthase catalytic partner KASII.
Antifouling and blood‐compatible poly(ether sulfone) membranes modified by zwitterionic copolymers via In situ crosslinked copolymerization
Authors: Wang Jing‐Jing , Wu Ming‐Bang , Xiang Tao , Wang Rui , Sun Shu‐Dong , Zhao Chang‐Sheng 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA novel and simple but practical method for the preparation of modified poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes was provided by the in situ crosslinked copolymerization of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) and sodium p‐styrene sulfonate (NaSS) in PES solution followed by a phase‐separation technique. Then, semi‐interpenetrating network membranes modified by the crosslinked copolymers of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate‐co‐sodium p‐styrene sulfonate) [P(SBMA‐co‐NaSS)] were prepared. The SBMA‐containing copolymer‐modified membranes showed improved protein antifouling properties with flux recovery ratios above 90%. Furthermore, the anticoagulant properties of the NaSS‐containing copolymer‐modified membranes were obviously enhanced; their activated partial thromboplastin time could be prolonged to about 115 s. Thus, the P(SBMA‐co‐NaSS) zwitterionic copolymer‐modified membranes showed improved antifouling properties and blood compatibility and will provide wide choices for their specific applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41585.
Green tea polyphenol EGCG suppresses Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by promoting GSK‐3β‐ and PP2A‐independent β‐catenin phosphorylation/degradation
Authors: Oh Sangtaek , Gwak Jungsug , Park Seoyoung , Yang Chung S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract(−)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, has been reported to inhibit the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which is aberrantly up‐regulated in colorectal cancers, but its precise mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we used a sensitive cell‐based system to demonstrate that EGCG suppresses β‐catenin response transcription (CRT), activated by Wnt3a‐conditioned medium (Wnt3a‐CM), by promoting the degradation of intracellular β‐catenin. EGCG induced β‐catenin N‐terminal phosphorylation at the Ser33/37 residues and subsequently promoted its degradation; however, this effect was not observed for oncogenic forms of β‐catenin. Pharmacological inhibition or depletion of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) did not abrogate the EGCG‐mediated β‐catenin degradation. EGCG did not affect the activity and expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Consistently, the phosphorylation and degradation of β‐catenin was found in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutated colon cancer cells after EGCG treatment. EGCG repressed the expression of cyclin D1 and c‐myc, which are β‐catenin/T‐cell factor‐dependent genes, and inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Our findings suggest that EGCG exerts its cancer‐preventive or anticancer activity against colon cancer cells by promoting the phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of β‐catenin through a mechanism independent of the GSK‐3β and PP2A. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(6):586–595, 2014
Uncovering a Glycosyltransferase Provides Insights into the Glycosylation Step during Macrolactin and Bacillaene Biosynthesis
Authors: Qin Wen , Liu Yang , Ren Pengfei , Zhang Jun , Li Huayue , Tian Li , Li Wenli 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMacrolactins (MLNs) have unique structural patterns containing a 24‐membered ring lactone and diverse bioactivities. The MLN skeleton is biosynthesized via a trans‐acyl transferase (AT) type I polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway, but the tailoring steps are still unknown. Herein, we report the identification of a glycosyltransferase (GT) gene bmmGT1, which is located at different locus from the MLN gene cluster in the genome of marine‐derived Bacillus marinus B‐9987, and its functional characterization as an MLN GT, thus affording five novel MLNs analogues. Surprisingly, this GT is also capable of catalyzing the glycosylation of bacillaenes (BAEs), which are the prototypes of trans‐AT polyketides, thus suggesting broad substrate flexibility. These results provide the first significant insights into the glycosylation step in MLN and BAE biosynthetic pathways.
Final report of a phase 2 clinical trial of lenalidomide monotherapy for patients with T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Toumishey Ethan , Prasad Angeli , Dueck Greg , Chua Neil , Finch Daygen , Johnston James , van der Jagt Richard , Stewart Doug , White Darrell , Belch Andrew , Reiman Tony 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDPatients with T‐cell lymphomas face a poorer prognosis compared with patients with B‐cell lymphomas. New therapeutic approaches need to be developed to improve outcomes for these patients.METHODSForty patients with recurrent and refractory T‐cell lymphomas other than mycosis fungoides and patients with untreated T‐cell lymphoma who were not candidates for combination chemotherapy were prescribed oral lenalidomide at a dose of 25 mg daily on days 1 to 21 of each 28‐day cycle, with standardized dose reductions for toxicity. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints were complete and partial response rates, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. The authors also determined duration of response (DoR).RESULTSA total of 40 patients were enrolled in the current study; 1 patient was subsequently deemed ineligible. The ORR was 10 of 39 patients (26%); 3 patients (8%) achieved complete responses and 7 patients achieved partial responses. Three patients had stable disease for ≥5 cycles. The median OS was 12 months (range <1 month to ≥69 months), the median PFS was 4 months (range, <1 month to ≥50 months), and the median DoR was 13 months (range 2 months to ≥37 months), including 5 responses that lasted >1 year. Toxicity was in keeping with the known safety profile of lenalidomide. Among the patients who had recurrent/refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (29 patients), the ORR was 24%, the median OS was 12 months, the median PFS was 4 months, and the median DoR was 5 months (range, 2 months to ≥37 months).CONCLUSIONSIn the current study, the use of oral lenalidomide monotherapy demonstrated clinically relevant efficacy among patients with systemic T‐cell lymphomas. It appears to have excellent potential as an agent in combination therapy for patients with T‐cell lymphoma. Cancer 2015;121:716–723. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Aerobic Oxidation of Hydroxymethylfurfural and Furfural by Using Heterogeneous CoxOy–N@C Catalysts
Authors: Deng Jin , Song Hai‐Jie , Cui Min‐Shu , Du Yi‐Ping , Fu Yao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is considered to be a promising replacement for terephthalic acid since they share similar structures and properties. In contrast to FDCA, 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid methyl (FDCAM) has properties that allow it to be easily purified. In this work, we reported an oxidative esterification of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural to prepare corresponding esters over CoxOy–N@C catalysts using O2 as benign oxidant. High yield and selectivity of FDCAM and methyl 2‐furoate were obtained under optimized conditions. Factors which influenced the product distribution were examined thoroughly. The CoxOy–N@C catalysts were recycled five times and no significant loss of activity was detected. Characterization of the catalysts could explain such phenomena. Using XPS and TGA, we made a thorough investigation of the effects of ligand and pyrolysis temperature on catalyst activity.
Phase I study of vandetanib with radiation therapy with or without cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Papadimitrakopoulou Vasiliki A. , Frank Steven J. , Cohen Ezra W. , Hirsch Fred R. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Heymach John V. , Lin Heather , Tran Hai T. , Chen Changhu R. , Jimeno Antonio , Nedzi Lucien , Vasselli Joseph R. , Lowe Elizabeth S. , Raben David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundVandetanib, added to cisplatin and radiation therapy (RT) overcomes chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lines and models.MethodsPatients with previously untreated HNSCC received vandetanib daily for 14 days (starting dose 100 mg) and then vandetanib + RT (2.2 Gy/day, 5 days/week) for 6 weeks (regimen 1) or vandetanib + RT (2 Gy/day, 5 days/week) + cisplatin (30 mg/m2 weekly) for 7 weeks (regimen 2). The primary objective was the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of vandetanib with RT +/‐ cisplatin.ResultsOf 33 treated patients, 30 completed therapy (regimen 1, n = 12; regimen 2, n = 18). MTD in regimen 2 was 100 mg (3 dose limiting toxicities [DLTs] at 200 mg), whereas regimen 1 was stopped because of poor recruitment (1 DLT at 200 mg). Most common grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were dysphagia (30%), stomatitis (33%), and mucosal inflammation (27%). Five patients discontinued vandetanib because of AEs.ConclusionVandetanib with CRT was feasible. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 439–447, 2016
Synthesis of Poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)–Polyisobutylene ABA Block Copolymers by the Combination of Quasiliving Carbocationic and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations
Authors: Szabó Ákos , Szarka Györgyi , Iván Béla 
Published: October 2014

Systematic investigations are carried out on the synthesis of a series of new, unique ABA‐type triblock copolymers consisting of the hydrophobic and chemically inert polyisobutylene (PIB) inner and the hydrophilic comb‐shaped poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (PPEGMA) polymacromonomer as an outer block. Telechelic PIB macroinitiators with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD) are synthesized by quasiliving carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene with a bifunctional initiator followed by quantitative chain end derivatizations. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of PEGMAs with various molecular weights is investigated by using these macroinitiators. It is found that CuBr is an inefficient ATRP catalyst, while CuCl leads to high, nearly complete conversions of the PEGMA macromonomers. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses reveal slow initiation of PEGMA at relatively high PIB/PEGMA ratios or with PEGMAs of higher molecular weights due to steric hindrance between the macroinitiator and macromonomer. The occurrence of slow initiation, and not permanent termination, is proven by highly efficient ATRP of a low‐molecular‐weight monomer, methyl methacrylate, with the block copolymers as macroinitiators. Successful synthesis of PPEGMA‐PIB‐PPEGMA ABA block copolymers is obtained by using either low‐molecular‐weight PEGMA or relatively low macroinitiator/macromonomer ratios. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates phase separation and significant suppression of the crystallinity of the pendant poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains in these new block copolymers.
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