bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices
Authors: Cozzani Mauro , Fontana Mattia , Maino Giuliano , Maino Giovanna , Palpacelli Lucia , Caprioglio Alberto 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare two distalizing devices supported by palatal miniscrews, the MGBM System (MGBM) and the Distal Screw appliance (DS), in dental Class II patients.

Materials and Methods:
Pretreatment (T1) and postdistalization (T2) lateral cephalograms of 53 Class II malocclusion subjects were examined. MGBM consisted of 29 patients (16 males, 13 females) with a mean pretreatment age of 12.3 ± 1.5 years; DS consisted of 24 patients (11 males, 13 females) with a mean pretreatment age of 11.3 ± 1.2 years. The mean distalization time was 6 ± 2 months for MGBM and 9 ± 2 months for DS. Initial and final measurements and treatment changes were compared by means of a Student’s t-test.

Results:
Maxillary superimpositions showed that the maxillary first molar distalized an average of 5.5 mm in the MGBM and 3.2 mm in the DS between T1 and T2; distal molar tipping was greater in the MGBM (10.3°) than in the DS (3.0°). First premolar showed a mean mesial movement of 1.4 mm, with a mesial tipping of 4.4° in the MGBM; on the contrary, first premolar showed a distal movement of 2.2 mm, with a distal tipping of 6.2°, in the DS.

Conclusions:
The MGBM system resulted in greater distal molar movement and less treatment time, resulting in more efficient movement than was associated with the DS; DS showed less molar tipping during distalization.
Fasting Until Noon Triggers Increased Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Impaired Insulin Response After Lunch and Dinner in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jakubowicz Daniela , Wainstein Julio , Ahren Bo , Landau Zohar , Bar-Dayan Yosefa , Froy Oren 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE
Skipping breakfast has been consistently associated with high HbA1c and postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to explore the effect of skipping breakfast on glycemia after a subsequent isocaloric (700 kcal) lunch and dinner.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a crossover design, 22 patients with diabetes with a mean diabetes duration of 8.4 ± 0.7 years, age 56.9 ± 1.0 years, BMI 28.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2, and HbA1c 7.7 ± 0.1% (61 ± 0.8 mmol/mol) were randomly assigned to two test days: one day with breakfast, lunch, and dinner (YesB) and another with lunch and dinner but no breakfast (NoB). Postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, free fatty acids (FFA), glucagon, and intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (iGLP-1) were assessed.

RESULTS
Compared with YesB, lunch area under the curves for 0–180 min (AUC0–180) for plasma glucose, FFA, and glucagon were 36.8, 41.1, and 14.8% higher, respectively, whereas the AUC0-180 for insulin and iGLP-1 were 17% and 19% lower, respectively, on the NoB day (P &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, dinner AUC0-180 for glucose, FFA, and glucagon were 26.6, 29.6, and 11.5% higher, respectively, and AUC0-180 for insulin and iGLP-1 were 7.9% and 16.5% lower on the NoB day compared with the YesB day (P &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, insulin peak was delayed 30 min after lunch and dinner on the NoB day compared with the YesB day.

CONCLUSIONS
Skipping breakfast increases PPHG after lunch and dinner in association with lower iGLP-1 and impaired insulin response. This study shows a long-term influence of breakfast on glucose regulation that persists throughout the day. Breakfast consumption could be a successful strategy for reduction of PPHG in type 2 diabetes.
An Improved Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology to Obtain More Accurate Water and “Tar” Values: In Situ Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology
Authors: Ghosh David , Jeannet Cyril 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPrevious investigations by others and internal investigations at Philip Morris International (PMI) have shown that the standard trapping and extraction procedure used for conventional cigarettes, defined in the International Standard ISO 4387 (Cigarettes -- Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine), is not suitable for high-water content aerosols. Errors occur because of water losses during the opening of the Cambridge filter pad holder to remove the filter pad as well as during the manual handling of the filter pad, and because the commercially available filter pad holder, which is constructed out of plastic, may adsorb water. This results in inaccurate values for the water content, and erroneous and overestimated values for Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM). A modified 44 mm Cambridge filter pad holder and extraction equipment which supports in situ extraction methodology has been developed and tested. The principle of the in situ extraction methodology is to avoid any of the above mentioned water losses by extracting the loaded filter pad while kept in the Cambridge filter pad holder which is hermetically sealed by two caps. This is achieved by flushing the extraction solvent numerous times through the hermetically sealed Cambridge filter pad holder by means of an in situ extractor. The in situ methodology showed a significantly more complete water recovery, resulting in more accurate NFDPM values for high-water content aerosols compared to the standard ISO methodology. The work presented in this publication demonstrates that the in situ extraction methodology applies to a wider range of smoking products and smoking regimens, whereas the standard ISO methodology only applies to a limited range of smoking products and smoking regimens, e.g., conventional cigarettes smoked under ISO smoking regimen. In cases where a comparison of yields between the PMI HTP and conventional cigarettes is required the in situ extraction methodology must be used for the aerosol of the PMI HTP to obtain accurate NFDPM/”tar” values. This would be for example the case if there were a need to print “tar” yields on packs or compare yields to ceilings. Failure to use the in situ extraction methodology will result in erroneous and overestimated NFDPM/”tar” values.
A Model for the Determination of Diffusion Capacity Under Non-Standard Temperature and Pressure Conditions
Authors: Eitzinger Bernhard 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe diffusion capacity of cigarette paper has been reported to be an important parameter in relation to the self-extinguishment of cigarettes and also in relation to carbon monoxide yields. Although the diffusion capacity is routinely measured and instruments for this measurement have been available for several years, differences between measured values obtained on the same paper sample but on different instruments or in different laboratories may be substantial and may make it difficult to use these values, for example, as a basis for paper specifications. Among several reasons, deviations of temperature and pressure from standard conditions, especially within the measurement chamber of the instrument, may contribute to the high variation in diffusion capacity data. Deviations of temperature and pressure will have an influence on the gas flow rates, the diffusion processes inside the measurement chamber and consequently the measured CO2 concentration. Generally, the diffusion capacity is determined from a mathematical model, which describes the diffusion processes inside the measurement chamber. Such models provide the CO2 concentration in the outflow gas for a given diffusion capacity. For practical applications the inverse model is needed, that is, the diffusion capacity shall be determined from a measured CO2 concentration. Often such an inverse model is approximated by a polynomial, which, however, is only valid for standard temperature and pressure. It is shown that relative approximation errors from such polynomials, even without temperature and pressure deviations, cannot always be neglected and it is proposed to eliminate such errors by direct inversion of the model with a comparably simple iterative method. A model which includes temperature and pressure effects is described and the effects of temperature and pressure deviations on the diffusion capacity are theoretically estimated by comparing the output of a model with and without inclusion of temperature and pressure effects. The results suggest that these effects may cause relative differences in the diffusion capacity up to 50% for pressure and temperature ranges of practical relevance
A Device to Measure a Smoker’s Puffing Topography and Real-Time Puff-By-Puff “Tar” Delivery
Authors: Slayford Sandra J. , Frost Barrie E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA device for measuring the flow, duration and volume characteristics of human puffing behaviour when smoking cigarettes is described. Cigarettes are smoked through a holder comprising a measured pressure drop across a critical orifice. The holder also contains a Light Emitting Diode (LED) and photodetector that measures light obscuration in order to estimate nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM, “tar”) delivery. All data are recorded on a puff-by-puff basis and displayed in real time. These NFDPM estimates are known as optical “tar” (OT), and are derived from the calibration of the OT measurement versus gravimetric NFDPM yields of cigarettes under a range of smoking regimes. In a test study, puff volumes from 20-80 mL were recorded to ± 6.0% of a pre-set volume, with an absolute error of 4.7 mL for an 80 mL volume drawn on a lit cigarette, and an average error of less than 2.0 mL across the range 20-80 mL. The relationship between NFDPM and OT was linear (R2 = 0.99) and accurate to ± 1.3 mg per cigarette over the range 1-23 mg per cigarette. The device provides an alternative to the widely used part filter methodology for estimating mouth level exposure with an added benefit that no further laboratory smoking replication or analysis is required. When used in conjunction with the part filter methodology, the puffing behaviour recorded can explain anomalies in the data while providing a second independent estimate.
Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and its Effect on Functional Outcome.
Authors: Karki Binod , Pande Prakash Raj , Sharme Arun , Deo Rajeeb Kumar 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Stroke is third most common cause of death worldwide characterized by rapidly progressiveclinical symptoms and signs of focal or global loss of cerebral functions. Among various risk factors, atrialÞ brillation is one which affects the functional outcome. The objective of this study was to Þ nd out the prevalenceof atrial Þ brillation in patients with ischemic stroke in Nepalese context and its effect on the functional outcomeusing modiÞ ed Barthel index.Methods: Cross sectional analytical study was conducted in a tertiary level hospital over a period of oneyear from July 2011 to June 2011. All the patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of ischemic strokeduring the study period were included in the study. Presence of atrial Þ brillation was conÞ rmed by 12 leadelectrocardiograms. The parameters of patients with and without atrial Þ brillation were compared.Results: Total of 75 cases of ischemic stroke was identiÞ ed, out of which nine had atrial Þ brillation in the ECGwhich makes a prevalence of 12%. Among 75 patients, 41% were female and 59% were male with the meanage of presentation was 63. Majority of patients (62.8%) were above 60 years of age. The functional severityas assessed from Barthel index (mean) was 36.11 and 55.83 respectively in those having ischemic stroke withatrial Þ brillation and without atrial Þ brillation with 88.9% of patients with AF below the score of 40 ( p<0.0001).Conclusions: In our population, the prevalence of atrial Þ brillation in patients with ischaemic stroke is 12%and Barthel index of patiens with stroke and atrial Þ brillation is signiÞ cantly lower than the patients withoutatrial Þ brillation.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12916
Quality of Life and Treatment Outcome of Psychiatric Morbidities in Cancer Patients
Authors: Thapa Prashwas , Rawal Namrata , Bista Yadav 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Cancer is associated with signiÞ cant psychosocial morbidity and has impact on quality of life.An appropriate psychiatric management of cancer patient may improve the ultimate quality of living.Methods: The objective of this study was to see the outcome of treatment of depression and anxiety and itseffect in quality of life in cancer patients. A cross sectional study was used. A total of eighteen (18) cancerpatients with depression, anxiety; and both depression and anxiety were assessed for quality of life and providedtreatment. The tools used were General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) scale.Results: The study concluded that 43.75% of depressed and 41.66% of anxiety cancer patients improved ontreatment and there also was a signiÞ cant improvement in quality of life, specially in psychological and physicaldomain.Conclusions: Oncology centres should work in close liaison with psychiatrists which can improve the qualityof life of cancer patients.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12918
Bacteriological Analysis of Water of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Ghimire Gyanendra , Adhikari Binita , Pradhan Manoj 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Water is indispensible for human existence. Water pollution is the most serious environmentalquality issue all over the world, yet the people are less aware and give little emphasis on the vital connectionbetween water and health. Drinking water of most communities and municipalities in Nepal is obtained fromsurface sources, rivers, streams, ponds and lakes. Most of these sources of water are likely to pollute withdomestic and industrial wastes and many types of microorganisms present in water causes various types ofinfectious diseases. Therefore, we intend to Þ nd the bacteriological water quality of Kathmandu valley.Methods: A total of 200 water samples collected from different sources (over head tank, well and tube wells,taps, springs through spouts and household Þ lter) from different parts of Kathmandu Valley were subjected forbacteriological analysis by MPN (3 sets 3 tubes) method. Presence of fecal coliform was detected by Eijkmantest.Result: Out of total 200 water samples, 130 (65.0%) were unsatisfactory, 19 (9.5%) were intermediate(suspicious), 30 (15.0%) were satisfactory and remaining 21(10.5%) were excellent. Of the unsatisfactorywater samples subjected to Eijkman test, 22.0% of overhead tank, 30.0% of ground water, 30.0% of pipedtap water, 40.0% of natural tap (spout) and none of the household Þ lter water showed fecal coliforms. Watercontamination rate was higher during summer than in winter season.Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the water sources of Kathmandu valley are bacteriologicallyunsatisfactory for drinking.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12919
Coomb’s Test Negative Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Dhakal Ajaya Kumar , Shrestha Devendra , Shah Subhash Chandra 
Published: July 2015

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is uncommon type of anemia in children. High degree of clinical suspicionalong with detailed investigations is required for diagnosis. It is characterized by anemia and positive directantiglobulin test along with features of hemolysis. Infrequently direct antiglobulin test may be negative inautoimmune hemolytic anemia and may pose diagnostic difÞ culty. We report a 14 year-old female with twoacute episodes of severe anemia along with splenomegaly, reticulocytosis, unconjugated hyperbilrubinemia andnegative direct antiglobulin test. She was successfully treated with oral prednisolone. Serum Vitamin B12 levelwas low in this patient and association between autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Vitamin B12 deÞ ciencycould not be explained.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12930
Prevalence of anaemia among children under five years in tertiary care hospital of Nepal.
Authors: Joshi Sundari , Pradhan Megha Pradhan , Joshi Ujjwal 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Anaemia is a pathologic deficiency in oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in red blood cells which may be the result of genetic diseases, infections and deficiency of several nutrients. Nepal is one of the developing countries where anaemia is one of the most serious public health problems. So, a study was planned to evaluate the prevalence of anaemia among children under five years in tertiary care hospital of Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2011 to January 2012 using a structured questionnaire interview and observation. The children were divided into three groups: group I (0-1 years), group II (>1-3 years), group III (>3-5 years). Anaemia was assessed using haemoglobin measurement in gram in decilitre on Sysmex KX -21 (automated haematology analyzer). The severity of anaemia were grouped as follows: severe anaemia, < 7.0 g/dL; moderate anaemia, 7.0 to 8.9 g/dL; and mild anaemia, 9.0 to 10.9 g/dL as per WHO classification. Stool test was also carried out to assess worm infestation. Data were analysed using SPSS 11.5. Results: There were 208 children among which 52.9 % were male while 47.10 % were female. The overall prevalence of anaemia was found to be 49.5% of which 43.3% had mild, 15.8% had moderate and 0.5% had severe anaemia. Out of 20 children in group I, 70 % were anaemic. Among the 94 each in group II and group III, children suffering from anaemia were 51% and 43% respectively. The stool investigations showed that 5.3 % children suffered from worm infestations. Conclusions: prevalence of anaemia was seen in 49.5% of children below five years age group and the diet and worm infestations didn’t affect it.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12998
Bilateral Traumatic Patella Fracture
Authors: Sinha Ritesh , Joshi Amit , Kayastha Nirab , Singh Bharat Prasad 
Published: July 2015

Fracture of Patella is rare and constitutes almost 1% of all skeletal injuries. Bilateral fracture of patella is even rarer accounting for 2.9% of all patella lesion. Very few cases of bilateral patella fractures have been reported in literature. We report the rare case of bilateral patella fracture in a healthy female and discuss the management challenges. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.13005
The Poetics of Play
Authors: Moro Andy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract: Established multidisciplinary design artist Andy Moro explores the early consequences of his artistic curiosity while growing up in Windsor, Ontario. This blue-collar border town and a family unsupportive of creative expression but keen on hard labour sent him along a varied path on which he acquired survival skills that included each knowledge set necessary to result in his present-day career. Working the line at Chrysler led to industrial design, which in turn led to glass-blowing. Harbouring secrets, both negative and positive, led to late-night creation binges, with sleep becoming a tertiary need at best. All the while, the drive to work was rooted in an unrelenting quest for fulfillment: these circumstances created a theatre beast who began in production management and now designs, on an international scale, video, set, lighting, and sound. Finally, Moro co-founded the Indigenous arts activist creation/production company ARTICLE 11, wherein his talents and skills are vital to the creation process of new theatrical and installation works.
Charting Incommunicable Truths: The Ghosts of the Franklin Expedition
Authors: Davis Tracy C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract: With her new book Loss and Cultural Remains in Performance: The Ghosts of the Franklin Expedition, Heather Davis-Fisch’s recalibrates aspects of the lengthy Franklin saga explored by scholars in other disciplines, offering performance scholars an opportunity to think across these specialists’ categories of epistemology, and to test a limit case on “how performance studies can intervene in the production of historical knowledge.”
The use of low doses of acepromazine as an aid for lameness diagnosis in horses: An accelerometric evaluation
Authors: Cisneros Gómez , del Arco Varela , Llorente Santiag , González Santos , López-Sanromán F. J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectives: The aim of the present study was to quantify by accelerometry the trotting pattern of adult horses sedated with two different doses of acepromazine, in order to assess the use of this drug in equine lameness evaluations.Methods: Seven mature horses were used and three treatments were administered to each horse: saline solution, acepromazine (0.01 mg/kg), and acepromazine (0.02 mg/ kg). The portable gait analyzer used consisted of three orthogonal accelerometers that measure accelerations along the dorso -ventral, longitudinal, and lateral axes. Baseline values were obtained and after treatment, accelerometric recordings were repeated every five minutes during the first 20 minutes after the injection and then every 10 minutes thereafter for two hours. Ground-tolip distance was also measured.Results: Administration of acepromazine decreased some of the variables investigated and differences between doses were observed. Speed, stride frequency, and stride length were significantly reduced following treatments. For coordination parameters, no significant differences among values were observed. Energetic variables suffered only weak reductions whereas ground-to-lip distance values were significantly decreased up to 120 minutes after treatment.Clinical significance: Acepromazine produces significant alterations in the gait pattern with differences between doses, but it does not affect coordination variables in normal unexcited horses, and at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg may be the tranquilizer of choice for evaluating lameness in this setting.
The equine forelimb suspensory ligament exhibits a heterogeneous strain pattern under tensile load
Authors: Lavagnino M. , Madison J. , Williams M. R. , Arnoczky S. P. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectives: To determine if regional variations in strain patterns occur within the suspensory ligament under tensile load. Local increases in strain may put certain regions of the suspensory ligament at risk and may explain the poor healing and high recurrence rates associated with suspensory branch injuries.Methods: The suspensory ligament and its bone attachments were isolated from each of 10 adult equine cadaveric forelimbs and radiodense reference beads were inserted throughout the length of the ligament. Specimens were attached to a custom fixture secured to a materials testing system. Radio-graphs were acquired at 50, 445, 1112, and 2224 N of applied tensile load. Changes in distances between the beads in each region of the suspensory ligament were measured and the regional strain was calculated. Significant differences were determined using a repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results: The suspensory ligament exhibited significant differences in regional strain (p <0.001). The distal branches of the suspensory ligament had significantly greater strains than the proximal (p = 0.025) and mid-body (p = 0.002) regions. The mid-body of the suspensory ligament also exhibited local strain variation, with the distal mid-body having significantly higher strains than the proximal mid-body (p = 0.038).Clinical significance: The equine suspensory ligament demonstrates a heterogeneous strain pattern during tensile loading, with the distal regions exhibiting significantly more strain than the proximal region. The nonhomogenous strain pattern could explain the regional difference in injury and re-injury rates.
Florida TeleHealth Summit: “Telemedicine –It’s Here, It’s Now”
Authors: Haas Samantha Wainright 
Published: July 2015

The Southeastern Telehealth Resource Center, Florida State University College of Medicine, and the Florida Partnership for TeleHealth invites participation in the 2nd Annual Florida TeleHealth Summit. The Summit will be held December 3-4, 2015 at the Alfond Inn, Winter Park, Florida. For further information about the Southeastern Telehealth Resource Center and the Summit, visit: http://www.setrc.us/