bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithic lithium‐disilicate single crowns supported by zirconia oral implants: three‐year results of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Spies Benedikt Christopher , Patzelt Sebastian Berthold Maximilian , Vach Kirstin , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the survival and success rate of CAD/CAM‐fabricated monolithic lithium‐disilicate crowns supported by zirconia oral implants after 3 years.Material and MethodsTwenty‐four patients in need of a single tooth replacement received a zirconia implant and were finally restored with 24 single crowns (SCs) ground out of pre‐crystallized lithium‐disilicate blanks. The restorations were adhesively cemented and evaluated using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. In case of clinically relevant defects that could be repaired to an acceptable level, SCs were regarded as surviving. Restorations with minor chippings, a small‐area roughness (ø <2 mm), slightly soundable marginal gaps, minimal under‐/overcontours, and tolerable color deviations (<1 Vitashade) were regarded as success. The Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank tests were used for the success/survival analyses and the calculation of potential group differences (gender, location, jaw). Additionally, several patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated.ResultsTwenty‐three patients were seen 3 years after implant placement. No SC had to be replaced, resulting in 100% survival. No chippings were observed. As one SC showed a major occlusal roughness, the Kaplan–Meier success rate after a mean observation period of 31 months was 95.7%. No group differences could be calculated. Compared with the pre‐treatment surveys, the further PROMs showed a permanently improved perception of function, esthetics, sense, and speech.ConclusionMonolithic lithium‐disilicate SCs supported by zirconia implants showed promising survival and success rates after an observation period of 3 years. It remains to be seen whether the further observation period confirms this positive results.
Metal elements in tissue with dental peri‐implantitis: a pilot study
Authors: Fretwurst Tobias , Buzanich Guenter , Nahles Susanne , Woelber Johan Peter , Riesemeier Heinrich , Nelson Katja 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesDental peri‐implantitis is characterized by a multifactorial etiology. The role of metal elements as an etiological factor for peri‐implantitis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of metal elements in bone and mucosal tissues around dental Grade 4 CP titanium implants with signs of peri‐implantitis in human patients.MethodsIn this prospective pilot study, all patients were enrolled consecutively in two study centers. Bone and soft tissue samples of patients with peri‐implantitis with indication for explantation were analyzed for the incidence of different elements (Ca, P, Ti, Fe) by means of synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SRXRF) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The existence of macrophages and lymphocytes in the histologic specimens was analyzed.ResultsBiopsies of 12 patients (seven bone samples, five mucosal samples) were included and analyzed. In nine of the 12 samples (75%), the SRXRF examination revealed the existence of titanium (Ti) and an associated occurrence with Iron (Fe). Metal particles were detected in peri‐implant soft tissue using PLM. In samples with increased titanium concentration, lymphocytes were detected, whereas M1 macrophages were predominantly seen in samples with metal particles.ConclusionTitanium and Iron elements were found in soft and hard tissue biopsies retrieved from peri‐implantitis sites. Further histologic and immunohistochemical studies need to clarify which specific immune reaction metal elements/particles induce in dental peri‐implant tissue.
Dimeric bis (heptyl)‐Cognitin Blocks Alzheimer's β‐Amyloid Neurotoxicity Via the Inhibition of Aβ Fibrils Formation and Disaggregation of Preformed Fibrils
Authors: Hu Sheng‐Quan , Wang Rui , Cui Wei , Mak Shing‐Hung , Li Gang , Hu Yuan‐Jia , Lee Ming‐Yuen , Pang Yuan‐Ping , Han Yi‐Fan 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAimsFibrillar aggregates of β‐amyloid protein (Aβ) are the main constituent of senile plaques and considered to be one of the causative events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compounds that could inhibit Aβ fibrils formation, disaggregate preformed Aβ fibrils as well as reduce their associated neurotoxicity might have therapeutic values for treating AD. In this study, the inhibitory effects of bis (heptyl)‐cognitin (B7C), a multifunctional dimer derived from tacrine, on aggregation and neurotoxicity of Aβ1‐40 were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.MethodsThioflavin T fluorescence assay was carried out to evaluate Aβ aggregation, MTT and Hoechst‐staining assays were performed to investigate Aβ‐associated neurotoxicity. Fluorescent probe DCFH‐DA was used to estimate the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen stress (ROS). Morris water maze was applied to determine learning and memory deficits induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ in rats.ResultsB7C (0.1–10 μM), but not tacrine, effectively inhibited Aβ fibrils formation and disaggregated preformed Aβ fibrils following co‐incubation of B7C and Aβ monomers or preformed fibrils, respectively. In addition, B7C markedly reduced Aβ fibrils‐associated neurotoxicity in SH‐SY5Y cell line, as evidenced by the increase in cell survival, the decrease in Hoechst‐stained nuclei and in intracellular ROS. Most encouragingly, B7C (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg), 10 times more potently than tacrine (1 and 2 mg/kg), inhibited memory impairments after intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ in rats, as evidenced by the decrease in escape latency and the increase in the spatial bias in Morris water maze test along with upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity and downregulation of acetylcholinesterase activity.ConclusionThese findings provide not only novel molecular insight into the potential application of B7C in treating AD, but also an effective approach for screening anti‐AD agents.
First report of Puccinia psidii on Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus in Colombia
Authors: Rodas C. A. , Roux J. , Maier W. , Granados G. M. , Bolaños M. D. , McTaggart A. R. , Wingfield M. J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryA rust disease was observed during routine disease surveys of Eucalypt species in Colombia. The cause of the disease was identified, using morphology and DNA sequence data, as the myrtle rust pathogen, Puccinia psidii. We evaluated the susceptibility of Eucalyptus grandis and the hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis to P. psidii. This is the first report of this pathogen on Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus species in Colombia.
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus mycelial growth on media containing leaf extracts of different Oleaceae
Authors: Carrari E. , Capretti P. , Santini A. , Luchi N. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe assessed the mycelial growth rate of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of ash dieback, on agar media containing leaf extracts of seven common Mediterranean species of the Oleaceae (Fraxinus excelsior, F. angustifolia, F. ornus, Ligustrum vulgare, Olea europaea, Phyllirea latifolia and Syringa vulgaris). The pathogen grew on all media, but growth rates showed significant differences among media and H. fraxineus isolates. Growth rates were highest on media containing F. excelsior and F. angustifolia, intermediate on media containing O. europaea and P. latifolia and lowest on those containing F. ornus and L. vulgare.
Measurement of isotopically‐exchangeable Zn in Zn‐deficient paddy soil
Authors: Izquierdo M. , Impa S. M. , Johnson‐Beebout S. E. , Weiss D. J. , Kirk G. J. D. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe changes in soil chemistry following submergence of a soil for rice production result in zinc (Zn) being immobilized in very insoluble forms. Consequently, Zn deficiency is widespread in rice crops and in human populations that subsist on rice. We explored the use of stable isotopic dilution assays for assessing Zn dynamics in submerged paddy soil with two types of strongly Zn‐deficient soil for rice cultivation in the Philippines. We optimized the isotope enrichment, electrolyte and equilibration time to measure isotopically‐exchangeable Zn (E‐values) without changing redox conditions. Available Zn was rapidly and strongly immobilized following submergence, which was controlled by CO2 accumulation. Addition of the isotopic tracer before submergence produced unreliable E‐values because irreversible immobilization of the tracer progressed faster than isotopic exchange. Addition of the tracer to already reduced soil produced stable E‐values for tracer–soil contact of up to 1 week. Longer periods produced unreliable E‐values because of continuing irreversible fixation of the tracer. We discuss the implications for applications of isotopic dilution methods to measure trace‐element dynamics in submerged soil.
The Practice of Collaboration as Ethical Activity in Art/s Education?
Authors: Thomas Kerry 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPopular wisdom has it that collaboration is ‘the new black’ in the arts and arts education. Collaboration is viewed as the basis for the making of new and novel artefacts in contemporary cultures, while also being repeatedly used as a catchword in the development of curriculum. Yet, collaboration as praxis entails complex and contradictory practices. Collaboration as Brown explains, in its various forms, falls under the category of ethics. It involves people being motivated by various reasons to join in cooperative action with a view to the achievement of a common goal/s. A model of three types of collaboration is proposed based on Brown's explanation. Then concepts of the habitus and symbolic capital are briefly sketched from Bourdieu's theory of practice as a means to further understand what is at stake in collaboration. Three cases of recent collaborations are discussed. Each type involves different grounds for a commitment to action. The first, dialectical collaboration, involves a political identity. The case of the Australian government and ACARA, its curriculum authority, is characterised in an Australian curriculum, intent on critically redefining the Arts. The second, autonomous collaboration, involves an investigative identity and is characterised by Cultivating Urban Ecologies, a Sydney based Visual Arts curriculum collaboration. The third, consultative collaboration, involves a creative identity and is characterised by the case of an expert teacher and final year school students, who make their artworks under the pressure of high stakes assessment.
The Problematic Nature of the Artist Teacher Concept and Implications for Pedagogical Practice
Authors: Hoekstra Marike 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe main argument of this article is that the problematic nature of the artist teacher concept might not be the duality between art and education, but might refer to a limited understanding of education, in such a way that art would appear to be contrasting to education. A different definition of education is required to understand the qualities of the artist teacher. Pre‐existing pedagogical practices where children initiate their own learning, like Reggio Emilia and the Dutch projectToeval gezocht, transcend the boundaries of the educational paradigm. These democratic pedagogies can inform the notion of ‘artistic teaching’ in such a way that the artist teacher concept is no longer one of conflicting paradigms but instead becomes a critical model for teaching.
Dispersal routes between biodiversity hotspots in Asia: the case of the mountain genus Tripterospermum (Gentianinae, Gentianaceae) and its close relatives
Authors: Matuszak Sabine , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. , Sun Hang , Favre Adrien 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimWe investigated the biogeography of the subtropical mountain genus Tripterospermum Blume (Gentianaceae), disjunctly distributed at the southern fringe of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and other mountain systems within the biodiversity hotspots of Southeast Asia. This study reveals dispersal routes among these areas.LocationEast China, Indochina, Japan, the Philippines, southeastern fringe of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (southern Himalaya and Hengduanshan), Taiwan, Wallacea.MethodsThe evolutionary history of Tripterospermum was studied using the phylogenetic reconstructions (Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference using ITS, atpB–rbcL and trnL–trnF), molecular dating (using BEAST with a relaxed clock model and fossil constraints), and two approaches of ancestral area reconstructions (DEC, S‐DIVA). Our sampling design included 82% of the extant species of subtropical Gentianinae (Tripterospermum, Metagentiana, Sinogentiana and Crawfurdia) as ingroup, and Kuepferia, Gentiana and other Gentianaceae genera as outgroups.ResultsSubtropical Gentianinae originated at the southeastern fringe of the QTP (the southern Himalaya and Hengduanshan) between 16 and 35 million years ago (Ma). With a crown age estimated to be 2.7–8.8 million years (Myr), Tripterospermum originated at the southeastern fringe of the QTP, from where it dispersed to East China, Indochina, Sundaland, Taiwan, Japan and Wallacea.Main conclusionsFor Tripterospermum, the southern Himalaya and the Hengduanshan have acted as a source area for the colonization of East and Southeast Asia. This study depicts dispersal routes among the biodiversity hotspots neighbouring the QTP and those located on Sundaland and Wallacea. Mountain plants seem to have colonized Wallacea using a northern route via Taiwan rather than a more southern route via Sundaland. The latter route has previously been recorded for many lowland lineages. Because Tripterospermum species‐producing berries have dispersed more often across geographical barriers than those producing capsules, we hypothesize that avian transportation of berry‐like fruits might have facilitated their dispersal.
Quality Work and the Moral Economy of European Employment Policy
Authors: Bolton Sharon , Laaser Knut , Mcguire Darren 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFollowing a decade of radical economic and workplace restructuring, it is important to understand how state employment policies support or deny human flourishing. This article utilizes a realist document analysis approach and reviews European employment policy through a moral economy lens. It fuses different moral economy approaches, drawing together the work of Karl Polanyi and Andrew Sayer a multi‐layered conceptual lens is offered that explores the tensions between a commodification of labour and human needs. A dominant market ideology is revealed, highlighting how quality work has been subsumed by the flexicurity agenda in the EU.
Self‐Reported Outcomes in Individuals Aged 65 and Older Admitted for Treatment to an Acute Care Surgical Service: A 6‐Month Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ali Talal F. , Warkentin Lindsey M. , Gazala Sayf , Wagg Adrian S. , Padwal Raj S. , Khadaroo Rachel G. ,   the Acute Care and Emergency Surgery (ACES) Group
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo examine health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and cognitive and functional status before and after emergency surgical care in elderly adults.DesignSix‐month prospective cohort study.SettingAcute care and emergency surgery service at a single, academic tertiary care center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsAdmitted individuals aged 65 and older (mean age 77.8 ± 7.9, 52% female) or their surrogates.MeasurementsAbbreviated Mental Test Score‐4 (AMTS), Barthel Index, Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES‐13), and EuroQol‐5 Dimensional Scale (EQ‐5D) completed by participants or their surrogates within 24 hours of admission to the hospital and 6 months after discharge. Paired t‐tests and McNemar tests were used to assess the difference between baseline and 6 months.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐five consecutive individuals (including 16 surrogates) were enrolled. Sixteen (10%) died within 6 months of discharge, and 116 (75%, including 18 surrogates) completed a follow‐up assessment 6 months after discharge. Cognitive status improved substantially over 6 months, with 72 (52%) of participants having AMTS scores showing cognitive impairment at baseline and four (4%) having AMTS scores showing cognitive impairment at 6 months (P < .001). There was no statistically significant change from baseline on the Barthel Index, VES‐13, or EQ‐5D.ConclusionThere was significant cognitive improvement in older adults after surgical hospitalization. HRQL improved back to age‐matched population norms. These results suggest that elderly adults admitted for emergency surgery have good cognitive, functional, and HRQL outcomes.
An observational study investigating the impact of simulated patients in teaching communication skills in preclinical dietetic students
Authors: Gibson S. J. , Davidson Z. E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundSimulated patients (SPs) are often used in dietetics for the teaching and assessment of communication skills. The present study aimed to determine the impact of a SP encounter on communication skills in undergraduate preclinical dietetic students in the context of the resources required for delivering this educational strategy.MethodsThis observational study collected assessment data from four cohorts of third‐year dietetic students to examine the effect of participation in SP‐embedded Objective Structured Clinical Exams. Students completed two SP interviews, 2 weeks apart, and communication skills were measured on both occasions. A subgroup of students received a video of their SP encounter. Differences between the two SP interview scores were compared to assess the impact of the SP encounter on communication skills. The required staff and resources were described.ResultsData were collected involving 215 students. Out of 30 marks, there was a modest mean (SD) improvement in communication skills from the first to the second SP interview of 2.5 (4.2) (P < 0.01). There was an association between student ability and improvement in communication skills, with failing students demonstrating the greatest improvement between SP encounters. There were no observed benefits for the subset of students who received videos.ConclusionsProviding repeat SP interview opportunities results in only modest improvement in communication skills for most students. The use of SPs needs to be considered in context of the substantial costs and resources involved and tailored to student ability.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of factors that relate to aggression perpetrated against nurses by patients/relatives or staff
Authors: Edward Karen‐leigh , Stephenson John , Ousey Karen , Lui Steve , Warelow Philip , Giandinoto Jo‐Ann 
Published: October 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to identify the factors that related to aggression (verbal abuse or physical abuse/assault) perpetrated against the nurse or other health professionals by patients/relatives or staff. In the light of the paucity of systematic reviews on this common issue in nursing, the objective was to present a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis of these papers.BackgroundAggression towards nurses is common around the world and can be the impetus for nurses leaving the profession or developing anxiety when working in particular settings.DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis.MethodsMeta‐analyses were conducted to assess the effect of the factors of gender and context (dichotomised as mental health/psychiatric or nonmental health/psychiatric). The databases of Medline (1966–2015), CINAHL (1982–2015) and PsychInfo (1920–2015).ResultsA total of 1571 papers were screened by two reviewers. At the final decision 14 were selected for analysis. A higher proportion of female nurses than male nurses were reported to be the victims of verbal abuse, with the difference in proportions being statistically significant. A statistically significant higher proportion of male nurses than female nurses were reported to be the victims of physical abuse. There was a significantly higher proportion of mental health nurses reported experiencing physical abuse as compared to nonmental health nurses.ConclusionsThe analysis reveal female nurses have greater odds of verbal abuse than male nurses and male nurses have greater odds of physical abuse than female nurses. Overall mental health nurses had three times higher odds of physical assault than other nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceIn the light of the findings it is recommended organisational support improve in high aggression potential clinical areas and for nursing curriculums to incorporate education about the management of challenging behaviours in undergraduate programmes.
Detection and Characterization of Phytoplasma and Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus Associated with Leaf Yellowing of Sugarcane
Authors: ElSayed Abdelaleim I. , Soufi Ziad , Wahdan Khalid M. , Komor Ewald 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLeaves from sugarcane were collected from Egyptian plantation fields and tested for phytoplasma (Sugarcane yellows phytoplasma, SCYP) and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) using nested PCR (with different primers) and RT‐PCR, respectively. These results showed significant differences in the amplification of the PCR assays. The primer MLO‐X/MLO‐Y, which amplified the 16S‐23S rDNA spacer region, was the most precise to detect the phytoplasma in sugarcane plants. Sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that all tested phytoplasmas belonged to the 16SrI (aster yellows phytoplasma) group, with the exception of cultivar G84‐47 belonged to the 16SrXI (Rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma) group. Three Egyptian sugarcane cultivars were phytoplasma free. Phylogenetic analyses of 34 screened accessions of 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequences of Candidatus phytoplasma including the ones collected from Egypt used in this study and those extracted from GenBank showed that they split into two distinct clusters. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that these phytoplasmas are closely related and share a common ancestor. All tested Egyptian sugarcane plants were infected by SCYLV with the exception of cultivar Phil‐8013 which was virus free.