bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of a behavioural support team for adults with a learning disability and behaviours that challenge from a multi‐agency perspective
Authors: Christopher Rose , Horsley Sarah 
Published: July 2015

Accessible Summary

Dudley Behaviour Support Team aims to help make areas of life better for people with behaviours that challenge. It also aims to help their carers support them better.

This project looked at whether the Behaviour Support Team is meeting guidelines set out by the government to ensure services are doing their job well.

Staff who work with the Behaviour Support Team were asked to take part in the study by answering questions about how well the team does.

This study found that the Behaviour Support Team is meeting the government guidelines to a high standard.

SummaryThe Dudley Behavioural Support Team (BST) was set up based on Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) principles to support individuals with behaviours that challenge. The Winterbourne Review emphasises the importance of developing high‐quality specialist community services and the Ensuring Quality Services (Local Government Association & NHS England, Ensuring quality services, London, 2014) document was released to guide the commissioning of such services. The document sets out standards and guidance for those supporting individuals with behaviour that challenges. This evaluation aimed to investigate whether the BST meets the guidance set out in Ensuring Quality Services from the perspective of other services. A questionnaire was developed to collect data from 19 staff members from services with experience of working with the BST, to address the points raised in Ensuring Quality Services. The quantitative results indicated that the BST are meeting the guidance to a high standard and qualitative data suggested this is achieved through a focus on joint working and a fluid, flexible approach. In conclusion, the BST appears to be a valuable resource from the perspective of services working with them to support individuals with behaviours that challenge.
The Unique and Shared Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Fear, Anger, and Sadness in Childhood
Authors: Clifford Sierra , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn , Goldsmith H. Hill 
Published: July 2015

This study examined the extent to which subordinate dimensions of negative emotionality were genetically and environmentally distinct in a sample of 1,316 twins (51% female, 85.8% Caucasian, primarily middle class,Mage = 7.87 years,SD = .93), recruited from Wisconsin hospital birth records between 1989 and 2004. Cholesky, independent pathway, and common pathway models were fitted for mother report, father report, and in‐home observation of temperament. Although findings support the use of negative emotionality, there were heritable aspects of anger and fear not explained by a common genetic factor, and shared environmental influences common to anger and sadness but not fear. Observed fear was independent from observed anger and sadness. Distinctions support specificity in measurement when considering implications for child development.
CTSA Consortium Consensus Scientific Review Committee (SRC) Working Group Report on the SRC Processes
Authors: Selker Harry P. , Buse John B. , Califf Robert M. , Carter Robert , Cooper Dan M. , Davis Jonathan , Ford Daniel E. , Galassetti Pietro , Guay‐Woodford Lisa , Huggins Gordon S. , Kasper Amanda , Kieburtz Karl , Kirby Aaron , Klein Andreas K. , Kline Joel , O’ Neill Robert T. , Rape Marie , Reichgott Douglas J. , Rojevsky Svetlana , Rosenthal Gary E. , Rubinstein Eric P. , Shepherd Amy , Stacy Mark , Terrin Norma , Wallace Mark , Welch Lisa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHuman research projects must have a scientifically valid study design, analytic plan, and be operationally feasible in order to be successfully completed and thus to have translational impact. To ensure this, institutions that conduct clinical research should have a scientific review process prior to submission to the Institutional Review Committee (IRB). This paper reports the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium Scientific Review Committee (SRC) Consensus Working Group's proposed framework for a SRC process. Recommendations are provided for institutional support and roles of CTSAs, multisite research, criteria for selection of protocols that should be reviewed, roles of committee members, application process, and committee process. Additionally, to support the SCR process effectively, and to ensure efficiency, the Working Group recommends information technology infrastructures and evaluation metrics to determine outcomes are provided.
Severe hypoglycaemia in adults with insulin‐treated diabetes: impact on healthcare resources
Authors: Heller S. R. , Frier B. M. , Hersløv M. L. , Gundgaard J. , Gough S. C. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimsTo assess resource utilization associated with severe hypoglycaemia across three insulin regimens in a large phase 3a clinical programme involving people with Type 1 diabetes treated with basal–bolus insulin, people with Type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily injections and people with Type 2 diabetes treated with basal–oral therapy.MethodsData relating to severe hypoglycaemia events (defined as episodes requiring external assistance) from the insulin degludec and insulin degludec/insulin aspart programme (15 trials) were analysed using descriptive statistics. Comparators included insulin glargine, biphasic insulin aspart, insulin detemir and sitagliptin. Mealtime insulin aspart was used in some regimens. This analysis used the serious adverse events records, which documented the use of ambulance/emergency teams, a hospital/emergency room visit ≤ 24 h, or a hospital visit > 24 h.ResultsIn total, 536 severe hypoglycaemia events were analysed, of which 157 (29.3%) involved an ambulance/emergency team, 64 (11.9%) led to hospital/emergency room attendance of ≤ 24 h and 36 (6.7%) required hospital admission (> 24 h). Although there were fewer events in people with Type 2 diabetes compared with Type 1 diabetes, once a severe episode occurred, the tendency to utilize healthcare resources was higher in Type 2 diabetes vs. Type 1 diabetes. A higher proportion (47.6%) in the basal–oral therapy group required hospital treatment for > 24 h versus the Type 1 diabetes (5.0%) and Type 2 diabetes multiple daily injections (5.3%) groups.ConclusionThis analysis suggests that severe hypoglycaemia events often result in emergency/ambulance calls and hospital treatment, incurring a substantial health economic burden, and were associated with all insulin regimens.
Monodisc strobilation in Japanese giant box jellyfish Morbakka virulenta (Kishinouye, 1910): a strong implication of phylogenetic similarity between Cubozoa and Scyphozoa
Authors: Toshino Sho , Miyake Hiroshi , Ohtsuka Susumu , Adachi Aya , Kondo Yusuke , Okada Shoma , Hirabayashi Takeshi , Hiratsuka Tatsuya 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYBoth sexes of the Japanese giant box jellyfish Morbakka virulenta were collected from the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan in December 2011, in order to observe the developmental processes from polyps to medusae. The medusa production in M. virulenta is up to now a unique process in cubozoans in that it exhibits a form of monodisc strobilation where the polyp is regenerated before the medusa detaches. This mode of medusa production was previously thought to be exclusive to scyphozoans. The general shape of young medusae resembles that of other cubozoans such as Alatina moseri and Copula sivickisi, but is differentiated from these by the short capitate tentacles and the lack of gastric filaments in the stomach. The unique medusa production of M. virulenta highly implies a phylogenetic similarity between cubozoans and scyphozoans.
Appendage‐patterning genes regulate male and female copulatory structures in horned beetles
Authors: Macagno Anna L.M. , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYExplaining the extraordinarily rapid diversification of insect copulatory structures has been a longstanding objective in evolutionary biology. However, remarkably little is known about the developmental genetic underpinnings of their formation. Furthermore, recent work has questioned whether male genitalic structures in beetles are serially homologous to appendages, or even homologous to the genitalia of other orders. Using RNA interference, we demonstrate that several cardinal appendage‐patterning genes regulate the formation of copulatory structures in Onthophagus beetles of both sexes. These results are in strong disagreement with previous findings in the model beetle species Tribolium castaneum, but congruent with earlier studies in true bugs and flies. Our results support the hypotheses that genitalic development is largely conserved across insect orders, and that genitalia constitute serial appendage homologues. Moreover, we identify two patterning genes with striking phenotypic effects in both sexes. In these cases, the affected structures are known to interact functionally during copulation, but are not homologous to each other. This suggests that shared developmental regulation of male and female copulatory structures may extend beyond components related by descent to those related by function.
Caterpillars escape predation in habitat and thermal refuges
Authors: KARBAN RICHARD , GROF‐TISZA PATRICK , MCMUNN MARSHALL , KHAROUBA HEATHER , HUNTZINGER MIKAELA 
Published: July 2015

1. Climate and, therefore, abiotic conditions, are changing rapidly, and many ecological interactions depend on them. In this study, how abiotic conditions mediate a predator–prey interaction were examined.2. Caterpillars of Platyprepia virginalis (Boisduval) (Arctiidae) were found previously to be more abundant in wet habitats and thick litter cover compared with drier habitats and little or no litter. We hypothesised that wet litter provided caterpillars with refuges from an important ant predator, Formica lasioides. It was further hypothesised that caterpillars would be able to move at lower temperatures than ants, thus providing them with a thermal refuge.3. In the lab, caterpillars were more likely to escape ant predation and survive on wet litter and at lower temperatures. At all temperatures, ant recruitment was lower in wet litter than dry litter although ants were more active on litter than bare soil. Thus, wet litter may serve as a habitat refuge for caterpillars from ants.4. Caterpillars were able to maintain activity at temperatures 8–14 °C lower than F. lasioides. Thus colder temperatures may serve as a thermal refuge for caterpillars from ants.5. It was hypothesised that caterpillars can escape ant predation when precipitation causes wet litter and at temperatures that they experience commonly in the field. This mismatch between caterpillars and their predators in ability to tolerate wet litter and low temperatures may affect their field distribution and abundance. Expected future warmer and drier conditions may not provide these refuges.
Family Peacemaking with an Interdisciplinary Team: A Therapist's Perspective
Authors: Gamache Susan J. 
Published: July 2015

Interdisciplinary teams provide an unparalleled opportunity for peacemaking in families within the consensual dispute resolution continuum. This interdisciplinary environment was born out of the integration of Collaborative Law, in which lawyers limit the scope of their services to settlement by way of a signed agreement, and Collaborative Divorce, a team approach to divorce services that includes a lawyer for each party along with a Collaborative Divorce Coach for each party, a neutral financial specialist, and a neutral child specialist. Taken together, Interdisciplinary Collaborative Practice supports the resolution of legal issues out of court as well as addressing any emotional, relational, or behavioral problems that create obstacles to the successful resolution of the separation process.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Collaborative Practice creates legal representation in a consensual environment limiting services to settlement negotiations by way of a written agreement.
The International Academy of Collaborative Professionals includes 5,000 members in twenty‐five countries.
Legal representation in a consensual environment together with interdisciplinary teams create endless possibilities for dispute resolution processes.
Collaborative Lawyers, Collaborative Divorce Coaches, child specialists, and financial specialists can create custom‐fit interdisciplinary teams that work together out of court to support families through marital transition.
Interdisciplinary teams are family centric, bridging appropriate disciplines and resources to the needs of the family to address the vast majority of divorce‐related problems.
Divorcing families are moving targets, learning and evolving through the process.
Therapeutic teams support families with more complex relational, emotional, and mental health problems to find resolutions out of court.
Divorce is a mainstream event in Western culture; we need supportive processes to encourage the best possible outcomes for all family members, especially the children.
Adoptions Gone Awry: Enhancing Adoption Outcomes Through Postadoption Services and Federal and State Laws Imposing Criminal Sanctions for Private Internet Rehoming
Authors: Nobile Johnathan James 
Published: July 2015

The federal government should invest in adopted children who make up the future of the country and are in dire need of rehabilitation and therapy because of their past circumstances. If the government steps in to rescue vulnerable children from inadequate or abusive birth parents by removal, it should also intervene when adopted families are faced with behavioral problems of adopted children that the adopted parents cannot address on their own. Postadoption services need to be accessible and effective to ensure the success of adopted families. Assisting families in crisis postadoption will lower the instances of dissolution and rehoming and keep adoptive families intact. In cases in which postadoption services fail, uniform federal legislation is necessary to make it a federal crime to advertise children for adoption on the Internet without proper certification and state legislation is required to make it a crime to pass on adopted children to strangers without judicial consent, to dissuade Internet rehoming. Internet rehoming of adopted children should be a serious crime as it is tantamount to child trafficking.© 2014 Association of Family and Conciliation Courts

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Postadoption services need to be more accessible and more narrowly tailored to the needs of adoptive families to ensure the success of adoptions.
Better postadoption services create better adoptive families and adoptive parents will not reach the point of dissolution or private Internet rehoming.
Adoptive parents should be provided with information regarding all available postadoption resources after adoption is finalized and a government Web site should be created that lists all available resources.
The federal government needs to provide funding to states that specifically target postadoption services.
A uniform federal statute is required to punish parties who use Internet forums to avoid government oversight and privately rehome their adopted children.
States should enact laws that criminalize the unauthorized interstate placements of children.
Simulation of the phenological development of wheat and maize at the global scale
Authors: van Bussel L. G. J. , Stehfest E. , Siebert S. , Müller C. , Ewert F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo derive location‐specific parameters that reflect the geographic differences among cultivars in vernalization requirements, sensitivity to day length (photoperiod) and temperature, which can be used to simulate the phenological development of wheat and maize at the global scale.LocationGlobal.MethodsBased on crop calendar observations and literature describing the large‐scale patterns of phenological characteristics of cultivars, we developed algorithms to compute location‐specific parameters to represent this large‐scale pattern. Vernalization requirements were related to the duration and coldness of winter, sensitivity to day length was assumed to be represented by the minimum and maximum day lengths occurring at a location, and sensitivity to temperature was related to temperature conditions during the vegetative development phase of the crop.ResultsApplication of the derived location‐specific parameters resulted in high agreement between simulated and observed lengths of the cropping period. Agreement was especially high for wheat, with mean absolute errors of less than 3 weeks. In the main maize cropping regions, cropping periods were over‐ and underestimated by 0.5–1.5 months. We also found that interannual variability in simulated wheat harvest dates was more realistic when accounting for photoperiod effects.Main conclusionsThe methodology presented here provides a good basis for modelling the phenological characteristics of cultivars at the global scale. We show that current global patterns of growing season length as described in cropping calendars can be largely reproduced by phenology models if location‐specific parameters are derived from temperature and day length indicators. Growing seasons can be modelled more accurately for wheat than for maize, especially in warm regions. Our method for computing parameters for phenology models from temperature and day length offers opportunities to improve the simulation of crop productivity by crop simulation models developed for large spatial areas and for long‐term climate impact projections that account for adaptation in the selection of varieties.
Prognostic value of tumour budding in oesophageal cancer: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Almangush Alhadi , Karhunen Markku , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Salo Tuula , Leivo Ilmo 
Published: July 2015

Recently, tumour budding (TB) has been suggested as a strong prognostic marker in oesophageal cancer. The aim of this systematic review is to test the prognostic value of TB in oesophageal cancer by a meta‐analysis of previously published studies. We systematically reviewed the literature related to TB by using the bibliographic databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search was limited to publications in the English language up to and including December 2014. There are 11 retrospective studies in which TB has been evaluated in oesophageal cancer. Two authors independently extracted the results from eligible studies. The meta‐analysis of eligible studies revealed that TB is a significant prognosticator for overall survival in oesophageal cancer, with a risk ratio (RR) of 2.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.81–4.85; P = 0.0023] in univariate analysis, and with an RR of 2.07 (95% CI 1.22–3.52; P = 0.017) in multivariate analysis. We conclude that a high TB score is a promising prognostic marker of poor survival in oesophageal cancer. Because of its simplicity, reproducibility and high predictive power, TB is strongly recommended to be included in the routine pathology report of oesophageal cancer.
No ‘Magic Bullets’: Children, Young People, Trafficking and Child Protection in the UK
Authors: Hynes Patricia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTrafficking of children and young people has become an increasingly debated issue in the UK, with official statistics often considered to reflect only the “tip of the iceberg” of cases. Identification of a child as “trafficked” relies upon referral to designated “first responders” and “competent authorities” within a National Referral Mechanism (NRM). This article explores the complex undertaking of identifying a child as “trafficked”. It is suggested that, like any other form of child protection, in cases of “trafficking” there are unlikely to be “magic bullets” providing immediate answers to why children are not always seen as being exploited and/or abused and consequently identified as “trafficked”. Drawing on findings from two qualitative studies into understandings of trafficking amongst agencies working with children, it is suggested that identifying “trafficking” of children could be enhanced if a broader range of agencies had roles in the process, particularly those working within community engagement frameworks in positions to form crucial relationships of trust with children.
A So Black People Stay: Bad‐mind, Sufferation, and Discourses of Race and Unity in a Jamaican Craft Market
Authors: Lewis Jovan Scott 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCraft vendors in St. James, Jamaica, interpret the competive strategies of fellow vendors as acts of animosity understood through the trope “bad‐mind.” Despite facing a marketplace increasingly constricted by foreign‐made souvenirs imported by emigrant Sindhi Indian wholesalers, vendors attribute their economic failings and the conditions that create them to a chronic black Jamaican disunity inherited from slavery. In this context, vendors reconcile their limited prospects and normative expectation of failure through the rationale of “sufferation,” a notion broadly availed within Jamaican society, to contextualize and rationalize economic adversity. What emerges is an ethnicized framing of the market as a construct through which inferences of citizenship and racial discourses are produced.
Los márgenes del Estado al viento: autonomía y desarrollo de energías renovables en el sur de México
Authors: Howe Cymene , Boyer Dominic , Barrera Edith 
Published: July 2015

ResumenEn el istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, intereses públicos y privados han creado uno de los proyectos de desarrollo de energía eólica más ambiciosos del planeta. Este artículo se interesa en el proceso a través del cual un proyecto ecológicamente relevante y con sólidas bases financieras como el parque eólico “Mareña Renovables” termina fracasando al encontrarse con inesperados niveles de resistencia local. Las razones para el fracaso del parque incluyen la percepción de falta de transparencia, la manipulación de las autoridades locales y la preocupación acerca de la creciente inequidad social, polarización política y violencia en la región. Al explorar estos obstáculos ante lo que hubiese sido el parque eólico monofásico más grande de Latinoamérica, el artículo mapea la genealogía política del movimiento de resistencia anti‐Mareña y su compromiso con estructuras organizativas horizontales. Asimismo, el texto describe la manera en cómo la resistencia criticó las formas neoliberales de desarrollo y la intervención financiera extranjera. Finalmente, el artículo considera las preocupaciones medioambientales planteadas por la oposición local y las consecuencias sociales del desarrollo a nivel de “megaproyectos”. Al examinar el caso de Mareña los autores argumentan que si bien la transición hacia energías renovables tiene el potencial ético de promover el bienestar climático global, tal evolución puede también generar las condiciones para el fracaso si es considerada como una contravención a los reclamos por mayor autonomía, conocimiento y gestión ambiental local.