bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: c-Kit Signaling Differentially Regulates Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Accumulation and Susceptibility to Central Nervous System Demyelination in Male and Female SJL Mice
Authors: Russi Abigail E. , Walker-Caulfield Margaret E. , Ebel Mark E. , Brown Melissa A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis preferentially affects women, and this sexual dimorphism is recapitulated in the SJL mouse model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we demonstrate that signaling through c-Kit exerts distinct effects on EAE susceptibility in male and female SJL mice. Previous studies in females show that Kit mutant (W/Wv) mice are less susceptible to EAE than are wild-type mice. However, male W/Wv mice exhibit exacerbated disease, a phenotype independent of mast cells and corresponding to a shift from a Th2- to a Th17-dominated T cell response. We demonstrate a previously undescribed deficit in c-Kit+ type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in W/Wv mice. ILC2s are also significantly reduced in EAE-susceptible wild-type females, indicating that both c-Kit signals and undefined male-specific factors are required for ILC2 function. We propose that deficiencies in Th2-promoting ILC2s remove an attenuating influence on the encephalitogenic T cell response and therefore increases disease susceptibility.
A CD153+CD4+ T Follicular Cell Population with Cell-Senescence Features Plays a Crucial Role in Lupus Pathogenesis via Osteopontin Production
Authors: Tahir Suhail , Fukushima Yuji , Sakamoto Keiko , Sato Kyosuke , Fujita Harumi , Inoue Joe , Uede Toshimitsu , Hamazaki Yoko , Hattori Masakazu , Minato Nagahiro 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Immune aging results in diminished adaptive immunity and increased risk for autoimmunity. We previously reported a unique PD-1+ CD44highCD4+ T cell population that increases with age in normal mice. In this study, we indicate that the age-dependent PD-1+ CD44highCD4+ T cells develop as unique T follicular (TF) cells in a B cell–dependent manner and consist of two subpopulations, as follows: CD153+ cells preferentially secreting abundant osteopontin on TCR stimulation and CD153− cells that are apparently TCR anergic. These unique TF cells with essentially similar features increase much earlier and are accumulated in the spontaneous germinal centers (GCs) in lupus-prone female BWF1 (f-BWF1) mice. These TF cells showed characteristic cell-senescence features and developed in association with extensive CD4+ T cell proliferation in vivo, suggesting replicative senescence. Although the CD153+ TF cells were defective in proliferation capacity, they were quite stable and specifically responded to self GC-B cells to secret abundant osteopontin, which inhibited B cell receptor–induced GC-B cell apoptosis in f-BWF1 mice. Transfer of CD153+ PD-1+ CD4+ T cells promoted the growth of spontaneous GCs, whereas administration of anti-osteopontin Ab suppressed GC enlargement and anti-nuclear Ab production and ameliorated clinical lupus nephritis of f-BWF1 mice. Current results suggest that senescent CD153+ TF cells generated as a consequence of extensive endogenous CD4+ T cell proliferation play an essential, if not sufficient, role in lupus pathogenesis in lupus-prone genetic background and may also contribute to an increased autoimmunity risk with age.
Measuring Eccentric Strength of the Shoulder External Rotators Using a Handheld Dynamometer: Reliability and Validity
Authors: Johansson Fredrik R. , Skillgate Eva , Lapauw Mattis L. , Clijmans Dorien , Deneulin Valentijn P. , Palmans Tanneke , Engineer Human Kinetic , Cools Ann M. 
Published: May 2015

Context
Shoulder strength assessment plays an important role in the clinical examination of the shoulder region. Eccentric strength measurements are of special importance in guiding the clinician in injury prevention or return-to-play decisions after injury.

Objective
To examine the absolute and relative reliability and validity of a standardized eccentric strength-measurement protocol for the glenohumeral external rotators.

Design
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting
Testing environment at the Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy of Ghent University, Belgium.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-five healthy participants (9 men and 16 women) without any history of shoulder pain were tested by 2 independent assessors using a handheld dynamometer (HHD) and underwent an isokinetic testing procedure.

Intervention(s)
The clinical protocol used an HHD, a DynaPort accelerometer to measure acceleration and angular velocity of testing 30°/s over 90° of range of motion, and a Biodex dynamometer to measure isokinetic activity.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Three eccentric strength measurements: (1) tester 1 with the HHD, (2) tester 2 with the HHD, and (3) Biodex isokinetic strength measurement.

Results
The intratester reliability was excellent (0.879 and 0.858), whereas the intertester reliability was good, with an intraclass correlation coefficient between testers of 0.714. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients of 0.78 and 0.70 were noted between the HHD and the isokinetic data, showing good validity of this new procedure.

Conclusions
Standardized eccentric rotator cuff strength can be tested and measured in the clinical setting with good-to-excellent reliability and validity using an HHD.
Whole-Body Vibration and Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Games Kenneth E. , Sefton JoEllen M. , Wilson Alan E. 
Published: May 2015

Context
The use and popularity of whole-body vibration (WBV) has increased in recent years, but there is a lack of consensus in the literature about the effectiveness of the treatment.

Objective
To quantitatively examine the effects of WBV on muscle oxygenation and peripheral blood flow in healthy adults.

Data Sources
We searched Web of Science and PubMed databases and reference lists from relevant articles using the key terms whole body vibration, whole-body vibration, WBV, blood flow, peripheral blood flow, oxygenation, muscle oxygenation, circulation, circulatory, near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS, and power Doppler. Key terms were searched using single word and combination searches. No date range was specified.

Study Selection
Criteria for inclusion were (1) use of a commercially available WBV device, (2) a human research model, (3) a pre-WBV condition and at least 1 WBV experimental condition, and (4) reporting of unstandardized means and standard deviations of muscle oxygenation or peripheral blood flow.

Data Extraction
Means, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted from the text, tables, and figures of included studies. A total of 35 and 90 data points were extracted for the muscle-oxygenation and blood-flow meta-analyses, respectively. Data for each meta-analysis were combined and analyzed using meta-analysis software. Weighted, random-effects meta-analyses using the Hedges g metric were completed for muscle oxygenation and blood flow. We then conducted follow-up analyses using the moderator variables of vibration type, vibration time, vibration frequency, measurement location, and sample type.

Data Synthesis
We found 18 potential articles. Further examination yielded 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Whole-body vibration was shown to positively influence peripheral blood flow. Additionally, the moderators of vibration type and frequency altered the influence of WBV on blood flow. Overall, WBV did not alter muscle oxygenation; however, when the measurement site was considered, muscle oxygenation increased or decreased depending on the location.

Conclusions
Acute bouts of WBV increase peripheral blood flow but do not alter skeletal muscle oxygenation. Vibration type appears to be the most important factor influencing both muscle oxygenation and peripheral blood flow.
Emergent Access to the Airway and Chest in American Football Players
Authors: Swartz Erik E. , Mihalik Jason P. , Decoster Laura C. , Al-Darraji Sossan , Bric Justin 
Published: May 2015

Context
American football has the highest rate of fatalities and catastrophic injuries of any US sport. The equipment designed to protect athletes from these catastrophic events challenges the ability of medical personnel to obtain neutral spine alignment and immobilization during airway and chest access for emergency life-support delivery.

Objective
To compare motion, time, and difficulty during removal of American football helmets, face masks, and shoulder pads.

Design
Quasi-experimental, crossover study.

Setting
Controlled laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
We recruited 40 athletic trainers (21 men, 19 women; age = 33.7 ± 11.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 9.2 cm, mass = 80.7 ± 17.1 kg, experience = 10.6 ± 10.4 years).

Intervention(s)
Paired participants conducted 16 trials in random order for each of 4 helmet, face-mask, and shoulder-pad combinations. An 8-camera, 3-dimensional motion-capture system was used to record head motion in live models wearing properly fitted helmets and shoulder pads.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Time and perceived difficulty (modified Borg CR-10).

Results
Helmet removal resulted in greater motion than face-mask removal, respectively, in the sagittal (14.88°, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.72°, 16.04° versus 7.04°, 95% CI = 6.20°, 7.88°; F1,19 = 187.27, P &lt; .001), frontal (7.00°, 95% CI = 6.47°, 7.53° versus 4.73°, 95% CI = 4.20°, 5.27°; F1,19 = 65.34, P &lt; .001), and transverse (7.00°, 95% CI = 6.49°, 7.50° versus 4.49°, 95% CI = 4.07°, 4.90°; F1,19 = 68.36, P &lt; .001) planes. Face-mask removal from Riddell 360 helmets took longer (31.22 seconds, 95% CI = 27.52, 34.91 seconds) than from Schutt ION 4D helmets (20.45 seconds, 95% CI = 18.77, 22.12 seconds) or complete ION 4D helmet removal (26.40 seconds, 95% CI = 23.46, 29.35 seconds). Athletic trainers required less time to remove the Riddell Power with RipKord (21.96 seconds, 95% CI = 20.61°, 23.31° seconds) than traditional shoulder pads (29.22 seconds, 95% CI = 27.27, 31.17 seconds; t19 = 9.80, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Protective equipment worn by American football players must eventually be removed for imaging and medical treatment. Our results fill a gap in the evidence to support current recommendations for prehospital emergent management in patients wearing protective football equipment. Helmet face masks and shoulder pads with quick-release designs allow for clinically acceptable removal times without inducing additional motion or difficulty.
An attempt to define the constitutive elements of a pentecostal spirituality
Authors: Nel Marius 
Published: May 2015

Pentecostal spirituality is defined as the integration of beliefs and practices into the affections that are themselves evoked and expressed by those practices and beliefs. This article investigates these practices and beliefs by examining pentecostal publications to define the most important constitutive elements of a pentecostal spirituality. The most important theological beliefs are justification by faith in Christ, sanctification as a second definite work of grace, healing as provided in the atonement, the premillennial second coming of Christ, and the baptism in the Spirit. However, when these theological beliefs are translated into pentecostal practice, it seems that their spirituality is essentially biblical, apocalyptical eschatological, missional, and affective. These elements are discussed in order to attempt to define the constitutive elements of a pentecostal spirituality.Pinksterspiritualiteit kan gedefinieer word as die integrasie van oortuigings en praktyke in die gevoelens wat deur daardie praktyke en oortuigings uitgelok en uitgedruk word. Die artikel ondersoek die praktyke en oortuigings deur na publikasies vanuit Pinkstergeledere te kyk ten einde die belangrikste samestellende elemente van ’n Pinksterspiritualiteit te definieer. Die belangrikste teologiese leerstellings is regverdiging deur die geloof in Christus, heiligmaking as ’n tweede besliste werk van genade, genesing as deel van die versoeningswerk, die verwagting van die premillennialistiese tweede koms van Christus, en die doop in die Heilige Gees. Wanneer die teologiese leerstellings in die Pinksterpraktyk vertaal word, blyk dit dat die spiritualiteit in wese bybels, apokalipties-eskatologies, missionaal en affektief is. Hierdie elemente word bespreek in ’n poging om die essensiële elemente van ’n Pinksterspiritualiteit te definieer.
The Role of 64/128-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography to Assess the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ayad Sherif W. , Elsharkawy Eman M. , Eltahan Salah M. , Sobhy Mohamed A. , Laymouna Reem H. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives We studied the progression of coronary atherosclerosis over time as detected by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in relation to risk factors and plaque composition. Background Studies using MDCT are limited to the assessment of the degree of stenosis without taking into consideration the plaque composition that is seen by MDCT. Methods This study included 200 patients, complaining of chest pain and referred to do 64/128-contrast–enhanced MDCT for the second time, and both studies were retrieved and evaluated for the presence of plaque, plaque type, vessel wall remodeling, percent area, and diameter stenosis and compared in both studies. Plaque progression over time and its association with risk factors were determined. Results We included 200 patients, and 348 plaques were detected by 64/128 MDCT. The duration between follow-up and baseline studies was 25.9 ± 19.2 month. In all, 200 plaques showed progression (57.47%), 122 were stable (35.06%), and 26 regressed (7.47%). In longitudinal regression analysis, the presence of history of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia and the absence of intraplaque calcium deposits were independently associated with plaque progression over time ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion Coronary plaque burden of patients with chest pain and no history of acute coronary syndrome significantly increased over time. Progression is dependent on plaque composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Larger studies and longer follow-up period are needed to confirm the determinant factors for plaque progression.
How Patients Experience Antral Irrigation
Authors: Blomgren Karin , Eliander Lotta , Hytönen Maija , Ylinen Suvi , Laitio Mirja , Virkkula Paula 
Published: May 2015

Background Antral irrigation earlier had an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis. Nowadays, it is often considered too unpleasant. However, the experience of patients of this procedure has been very seldom evaluated. Nor has the effect on pain in rhinosinusitis been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ experience of discomfort and pain during antral irrigation. We also assessed facial pain caused by rhinosinusitis before the procedure and pain soon after the procedure. Methods Doctors and 121 patients completed their questionnaires independently after antral irrigation in a university clinic, in a private hospital, and at a communal health center. Results Patients experienced mild pain during antral irrigation (mean and median visual analog scale score: <3). Their experience of pain during antral irrigation was closely comparable to pain during dental calculus scaling. Facial pain assessed before antral irrigation decreased quickly after the procedure. Conclusions Antral irrigation was well tolerated as an outpatient procedure. The procedure seems to relieve facial pain caused by the disease quickly. The role of antral irrigation in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis will need further investigation.
Child and Caregiver Attitudes about Sports Drinks and Weekly Sports Drink Intake among U.S. Youth
Authors: Zytnick Deena , Park Sohyun , Onufrak Stephen J. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose. To examine caregiver and youth attitudes about sports drinks (SDs) and the association of those attitudes with youth SD intake. Design. Study design was cross-sectional. The online YouthStyles survey was sent to youth (ages 12–17 years) whose caregivers completed the online Summer ConsumerStyles survey for adults. Setting. The 2011 Styles survey data comprised the setting. Subjects. The sample was composed of 815 U.S. caregiver-youth dyads. Measures. The outcome variable is youth SD consumption, and exposure variables are youth and caregivers' attitudes that SDs are healthy for children, and caregivers' attitude that children need SDs for hydration. Covariates are youth demographic and physical activity variables. Analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for youth SD consumption one or more times per week after controlling for covariates. Results. About one in five youth consumed SDs one or more times per week. Caregiver attitudes about the healthfulness of SDs and children's need of SDs for hydration both significantly differed by race and caregiver education level. The odds of youth SD consumption one or more times per week were significantly higher among youth of caregivers who agreed that SDs are good, healthy drinks for children (OR, 2.72 vs. disagreed) and among youth of caregivers who agreed that children need SDs for hydration (OR, 3.15 vs. disagreed). Youth attitude about SD healthfulness was not associated with intake. Conclusion. Caregivers, particularly minority and less educated caregivers, may need more education about SD use.
The Role of Age in Moderating the Association between Disability and Light-Intensity Physical Activity
Authors: Prizer Lindsay P. , Gay Jennifer L. , Gerst-Emerson Kerstin , Froehlich-Grobe Katherine 
Published: May 2015

Purpose. There's a lack of evidence on the association between light-intensity physical activity and disability. This study examines the relationships in activity by self-reported physical function in five domains (i.e., activities of daily living [ADL], instrumental ADL, leisure activities, lower extremity, and general activities), and whether this association varies by age. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 waves. Subjects. Participants included 5700 men and women ages 20 to 85 years. Measures. Difficulty with various activities was measured with the Physical Functioning Questionnaire, accelerometer-measured physical activity, demographics, and self-rated health. Analysis. Ordinary least squares regression models were run to examine the relationship between physical function in each domain, light-intensity activity, and the moderating effect of age. Analyses controlled for body mass index, moderate-to-vigorous–intensity activity, self-reported health, accelerometer wear time, and gender. Results. Little variation was seen in light-intensity physical activity among younger adults regardless of disability status. Older adults reporting difficulty with activities engaged in significantly less light-intensity physical activity compared to those with no disability (271.8 vs. 316.5 minutes). Age significantly moderated the association between light-intensity physical activity and leisure activities (p = .048), and lower extremity mobility (p = .039). Age did not moderate other domains of disability. Conclusion. Younger age may be protective regarding the influence of disability on light-intensity activity. In addition, disability may be more debilitating for some older individuals. Interventions to increase light-intensity activity should aim to address disability at all ages, with increased attention for older adults.
Community Lenses Revealing the Role of Sociocultural Environment on Physical Activity
Authors: Belon Ana Paula , Nieuwendyk Laura M. , Vallianatos Helen , Nykiforuk Candace I. J. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose. To identify perceptions of how sociocultural environment enabled and hindered physical activity (PA) participation. Design. Community-based participatory research. Setting. Two semirural and two urban communities located in Alberta, Canada. Participants. Thirty-five people (74.3% females, 71.4% aged 25–64 years) across the four communities. Method. PhotoVoice activities occurred over 3 months during the spring of 2009. Participants were asked to document perceived environmental attributes that might foster or inhibit PA in their community. Photographs and narratives were shared in one-on-one interviews. Line-by-line coding of the transcripts was independently conducted by two researchers using an inductive approach. Codes were arranged into themes and subthemes, which were then organized into the Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework. Results. Six main themes (accompanied by subthemes) emerged: sociocultural aesthetics, safety, social involvement, PA motivation, cultural ideas of recreation, and car culture. Representative quotes and photographs illustrate enablers and obstacles identified by participants. Conclusion. This PhotoVoice study revealed how aspects of participants' sociocultural environments shaped their decisions to be physically active. Providing more PA resources is only one step in the promotion of supportive environments. Strategies should also account for the beautification and maintenance of communities, increasing feelings of safety, enhancement of social support among community members, popularization of PA, and mitigating car culture, among others.
Grzyby z rodzaju Ramularia występujące w Polsce [The Ramularia species in Poland]
Authors: Wołczańska Agata 
Published: May 2015

<p>The <em>Ramularia </em>species represent a big and interesting group among parasitic Hyphomycetes. In Poland have been collected so far 115 species: one on fern, three on 5 species of rust fungi and the remaining ones on angiosperms (on 304 species belonging to 38 families). The most common are: <em>R</em><em>. geranii </em>var. <em>geranii</em>, <em>R. grevilleana </em>var. <em>grevilleana</em>, <em>R. inaequale </em>and <em>R. urticae</em>. But more than 40% of all the species occur very seldom (they are known from 1-5 stands). The following examples be- long to this group: <em>R. asplenii</em>, <em>R. asteris</em>, <em>R. keithii</em>, <em>R. minutissima </em>and <em>R. rhaetica</em>.</p><p>The biggest number of parasitic species are noted on the representatives of <em>Asteraceae </em>(17 species), <em>Scrophulariaceae</em><em> </em>(9), <em>Rosaceae </em>(7) and <em>Polygonaceae </em>(7).</p><p>The best explored regions in Poland are situated in the south and south-east part of the country: Kraina Karpat Zachodnich, Kraina Południowomazowiecko-Podlaska and Kraina Dolnośląska.</p><p>The <em>Ramularia </em>species are facultative saprotrophs. Anamorphs parasite on host plants and fungi, but known teleomorphs, belonging to <em>Mycosphaerella </em>genus, develop on plants remains. The vegeta- tive season indicates their occurrence limits. They start to grow in April, the biggest number of spe- cies are collected in summer and the end of vegetation in November, is the signal to stop producing spores. At that time they form sclerotia, perithecia or pass the winter as mycelium and conidia.</p><p> </p>