bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment‐based abstinence reinforcement promotes opiate and cocaine abstinence in out‐of‐treatment injection drug users
Authors: Holtyn August F. , Koffarnus Mikhail N. , DeFulio Anthony , Sigurdsson Sigurdur O. , Strain Eric C. , Schwartz Robert P. , Silverman Kenneth 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe examined the use of employment‐based abstinence reinforcement in out‐of‐treatment injection drug users, in this secondary analysis of a previously reported trial. Participants (N = 33) could work in the therapeutic workplace, a model employment‐based program for drug addiction, for 30 weeks and could earn approximately $10 per hr. During a 4‐week induction, participants only had to work to earn pay. After induction, access to the workplace was contingent on enrollment in methadone treatment. After participants met the methadone contingency for 3 weeks, they had to provide opiate‐negative urine samples to maintain maximum pay. After participants met those contingencies for 3 weeks, they had to provide opiate‐ and cocaine‐negative urine samples to maintain maximum pay. The percentage of drug‐negative urine samples remained stable until the abstinence reinforcement contingency for each drug was applied. The percentage of opiate‐ and cocaine‐negative urine samples increased abruptly and significantly after the opiate‐ and cocaine‐abstinence contingencies, respectively, were applied. These results demonstrate that the sequential administration of employment‐based abstinence reinforcement can increase opiate and cocaine abstinence among out‐of‐treatment injection drug users.
An in vitro model for preclinical testing of thrombogenicity of resorbable metallic stents
Authors: Walker Emily K. , Nauman Eric A. , Allain Jean Paul , Stanciu Lia A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVascular stents that can biodegrade and disappear in time have been reported as a promising solution to the problems of late‐stent thrombosis and in‐stent restenosis. Iron alloys in particular have many advantages in terms of cytocompatibility and mechanical properties. Despite mechanical behavior and biocompatibility studies, little attention has been given to the thrombogenic potential of these stents. This article presents the first study that aims to close this gap by addressing the hemocompatibility of resorbable iron‐based alloys and composites in an in vitro porcine blood model. The investigated braided biodegradable stents included 99.95% pure Fe (50% cold worked), Fe35Mn alloy, Fe35Mn‐25% ZM21 (ZM21 is 2% Zn, 0.5% Mn, balance Mg), Fe‐25% Mg, and Fe‐57% Mg. All stents were formed by braiding 127 µm diameter wires into stents with an outer diameter of 6.35 mm. Inflammatory reaction and thrombocyte activation were examined by assessment of β‐thromboglobulin, thrombin–antithrombin complex, and polymorphonuclear elastase levels. The potential of Fe35Mn for use in vascular stenting is demonstrated by its exhibition of the least thrombogenic potential among tested materials. All bioresorbable Fe–Mn alloy compositions showed a reduced propensity towards platelet adhesion compared to 316L stainless steel, further indicating a general positive shift towards reduced thrombogenicity compared to traditional stents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2118–2125, 2015.
Gait deviations and compensations in pediatric patients with increased femoral torsion
Authors: Bruderer‐Hofstetter Marina , Fenner Verena , Payne Erika , Zdenek Katja , Klima Harry , Wegener Regina 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTCoxa antetorta describes an abnormal torsion of the femur. It is commonly considered a cosmetic problem and is treated surgically only in severe cases and the presence of physical complaints. The purpose of this study was to identify deviations in gait kinematics and kinetics in pediatric patients caused by coxa antetorta and to categorize these deviations into primary and secondary deviations. We conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional three‐dimensional (3D) gait analysis study to detect gait deviations in adolescents (n = 18; age range 10.5–17.5 years) with coxa antetorta compared to age‐matched healthy control subjects (n = 17). Principal component (PC) analysis was used for data reduction. Linear mixed models applied to PC‐scores were used to estimate the main effects within retained PCs followed by a post‐hoc subgroup analysis. Patients walked with smaller external foot progression angle, greater knee adduction, more internally rotated and flexed hips and greater anterior pelvic tilt. Subgroup analysis revealed that—depending on knee alignment—patients had higher knee and hip adduction moments. These deviations in joint kinematics and kinetics may be associated with physical complaints and accelerated development of osteoarthritis. Assessment of gait deviations related to coxa antetorta using 3D gait analysis may be an additional tool in individual clinical decision‐making. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:155–162, 2015.
Resection of primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with reconstruction: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Wachtel Heather , Jackson Benjamin M. , Bartlett Edmund K. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Roses Robert E. , Bavaria Joseph E. , Fraker Douglas L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundLeiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare tumor which presents a unique surgical challenge. We present a series of six cases of leiomyosarcoma resection performed with IVC reconstruction.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing initial operative resection of primary leiomyosarcoma with IVC reconstruction, at a tertiary care center.ResultsBetween 2005–2013, six patients underwent resection with reconstruction. Half were female, and the mean age at presentation was 57 ± 15.4 years. Three patients required en bloc resection with adjacent organs. Three patients were resected on venovenous bypass, and one on cardiopulmonary bypass. Three underwent IVC patch repair (bovine pericardium, n = 2; saphenous vein, n = 1), and three had IVC reconstruction with graft (Dacron, n = 1; PTFE, n = 1; aortic homograft, n = 1). All achieved grossly negative margins. Median disease‐free survival was 34 months (IQR 7–52 months), and median disease‐specific survival was 51 months (IQR 20–108). Five year disease‐free and disease‐specific survival rates were 30% and 66.7%, respectively.ConclusionsLeiomyosarcomas of the IVC present a technical challenge to the surgeon. Careful preoperative workup and a collaborative team consisting of experienced cardiac and vascular surgeons and surgical oncologists can allow for a safe and successful operation despite extensive tumor involvement. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:328–333. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laryngeal adductor function in experimental models of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Authors: Paniello Randal C. , Rich Jason T. , Debnath Nick L. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives/HypothesisMost patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis experience some degree of spontaneous reinnervation, which depends upon the type and severity of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. After partial recovery, the paretic vocal fold may or may not adduct adequately to allow glottic closure, which in turn affects phonatory and swallowing outcomes. This process was studied in a series of canine laryngeal nerve injury models.Study DesignAnimal (canine) experiments.MethodsMaximum stimulable laryngeal adductor pressure (LAP) was measured pretreatment (baseline) and at 6 months following experimental RLN injuries (total n = 59). The nine study groups were designed to simulate a range of severities of RLN injury.ResultsThe greatest LAP recovery, at 108% of original baseline, was seen in a 50% transection model; the least recovery was seen when the RLN underwent complete transection with repair, at 56% with precise alignment and 50% with alignment reversed. Intermediate models (partial RLN injuries) gave intermediate results. Crush models recovered 105% of LAP, whereas a half‐transection, half‐crush injury recovered 72%, and cautery injuries recovered 61%. Controls (complete transection without repair) had no measurable recovery.ConclusionsThe injured RLN has a strong tendency to recover. Restoration of adductor strength, as determined by the LAP, was predictably related to the severity of RLN injury. The model RLN injuries studied provide a range of expected outcomes that can be used for future experiments exploring interventions that may improve postinjury adductor function.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:E67–E72, 2015
Independent associations of sodium intake with measures of body size and predictive body fatness
Authors: Yi Stella S. , Firestone Melanie J. , Beasley Jeannette M. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveObservational studies highlight a possible relationship between sodium intake and obesity. This investigation explores the cross‐sectional relationships between sodium intake and measures of body size and fatness (body mass index [BMI], weight, waist circumference, predictive body fatness).MethodsAnalyses were performed using data from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009‐10 with two 24‐h dietary recalls and measures of body size and fatness (n = 4,613). Regression analyses assessed the relationships of sodium (1,000 mg/day) with outcomes, adjusting for caloric intake. Analyses are presented overall and by sex; data were weighted to be representative of the non‐institutionalized US adult population.ResultsPositive associations between sodium intake and measures of body size and predictive body fatness were observed, and the magnitude of association was larger in women than in men. For each 1,000 mg/day higher sodium intake, BMI was 1.03 kg/m2 higher; weight was 2.75 kg higher; waist circumference was 2.15 cm higher; and predictive body fatness was 1.18% higher after adjustment for energy intake.ConclusionsLongitudinal analyses examining associations between sodium intake and measures of body size and body fatness are needed.
Pathological consequences of systemic measles virus infection
Authors: Ludlow Martin , McQuaid Stephen , Milner Dan , de Swart Rik L , Duprex W Paul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe identification of poliovirus receptor‐like 4 (PVRL4) as the second natural receptor for measles virus (MV) has closed a major gap in our understanding of measles pathogenesis, and explains how this predominantly lymphotropic virus breaks through epithelial barriers to transmit to a susceptible host. Advances in the development of wild‐type, recombinant MVs which express fluorescent proteins making infected cells readily detectable in living tissues and animals, has also increased our understanding of this important and highly transmissible human disease. Thus, it is timely to review how these advances have provided new insights into MV infection of immune, epithelial and neural cells. This demands access to primate samples that help us understand the early and acute stages of the disease, which are challenging to dissect due to the mild/self‐limiting nature of the infection. It also requires well‐characterized and rather rare human tissue samples from patients who succumb to neurological sequelae to help study the consequences of the long‐term persistence of this RNA virus in vivo. Collectively, these studies have provided unique insights into how the use of two cellular receptors, CD150 and PVRL4, governs the in vivo tissue‐specific temporal patterns of virus spread and resulting pathological lesions. Analysis of tissue samples has also demonstrated the importance of differing mechanisms of virus cell‐to‐cell spread within lymphoid, epithelial and neural tissues in the dissemination of MV during acute and long‐term persistent infections. Given the incentive to eradicate MV globally, and the inevitable question as to whether or not vaccination should cease in light of the existence of closely related morbilliviruses, a thorough understanding of measles pathological lesions is essential. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Down‐regulation of LPA receptor 5 contributes to aberrant LPA signalling in EBV‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yap Lee Fah , Velapasamy Sharmila , Lee Hui Min , Thavaraj Selvam , Rajadurai Pathmanathan , Wei Wenbin , Vrzalikova Katerina , Ibrahim Maha Hafez , Khoo Alan Soo‐Beng , Tsao Sai Wah , Paterson Ian C , Taylor Graham S , Dawson Christopher W , Murray Paul G 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUndifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic disease that is consistently associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this study, we have investigated the contribution of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signalling to the pathogenesis of NPC. Here we demonstrate two distinct functional roles for LPA in NPC. First, we show that LPA enhances the migration of NPC cells and second, that it can inhibit the activity of EBV‐specific cytotoxic T cells. Focusing on the first of these phenotypes, we show that one of the LPA receptors, LPA receptor 5 (LPAR5), is down‐regulated in primary NPC tissues and that this down‐regulation promotes the LPA‐induced migration of NPC cell lines. Furthermore, we found that EBV infection or ectopic expression of the EBV‐encoded LMP2A was sufficient to down‐regulate LPAR5 in NPC cell lines. Our data point to a central role for EBV in mediating the oncogenic effects of LPA in NPC and identify LPA signalling as a potential therapeutic target in this disease. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of pore size and pore uniformity in films based on self‐assembling block copolymers
Authors: Vriezekolk Erik J. , de Weerd Eddy , de Vos Wiebe M. , Nijmeijer Kitty 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBlends of self‐assembling polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) diblock‐copolymers and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) homopolymers were used to fabricate isoporous and nanoporous films. Block copolymers (BCP) self‐assembled into a structure where the minority component forms very uniform cylinders, while homopolymers, resided in the core of the cylinders. Selective removal of the homopolymers by ethanol immersion led to the formation of well‐ordered pores. In films without added homopolymer, just immersion in ethanol and subsequent swelling of the P4VP blocks was found to be sufficient to create pores. Pore sizes were tuned between 10 and 50 nm by simply varying the homopolymer content and the molecular weight of the block‐copolymer. Uniformity was lost when the average pore size exceeded 30 nm because of macrophase separation. However, preparation of films from lowMWdiblock copolymers showed that it is possible to have excellent pore size control and a high porosity, while retaining a low pore size distribution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2014,52, 1568–1579
Interplay between solid state microstructure and photophysics for poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) within oriented polyethylene hosts
Authors: Perevedentsev Aleksandr , Aksel Seda , Feldman Kirill , Smith Paul , Stavrinou Paul N. , Bradley Donal D. C. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWe present a study of isotropic and uniaxially oriented binary blend films comprising ≤1 wt % of the conjugated polymer poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) dispersed in both ultra‐high molecular weight (UHMW) and linear‐low‐density (LLD) polyethylene (PE). Polarized absorption, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction are used to characterize the samples before and after tensile deformation. Results show that blend films can be prepared with PFO chains adopting a combination of several distinct molecular conformations, namely glassy, crystalline, and the so‐called β‐phase, which directly influences the resulting optical properties. Both PFO concentration and drawing temperature strongly affect the alignment of PFO chains during the tensile drawing of the blend films. In both PE hosts, crystallization of PFO takes place during drawing; the resulting ordered chains show optimal optical anisotropy. Our results clarify the PFO microstructure in oriented blends with PE and the processing conditions required for achieving the maximal optical anisotropy. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 22–38
Maker‐breaker games on random geometric graphs
Authors: Beveridge Andrew , Dudek Andrzej , Frieze Alan , Müller Tobias , Stojaković Miloš 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn a Maker‐Breaker game on a graph G, Breaker and Maker alternately claim edges of G. Maker wins if, after all edges have been claimed, the graph induced by his edges has some desired property. We consider four Maker‐Breaker games played on random geometric graphs. For each of our four games we show that if we add edges between n points chosen uniformly at random in the unit square by order of increasing edge‐length then, with probability tending to one as n →∞, the graph becomes Maker‐win the very moment it satisfies a simple necessary condition. In particular, with high probability, Maker wins the connectivity game as soon as the minimum degree is at least two; Maker wins the Hamilton cycle game as soon as the minimum degree is at least four; Maker wins the perfect matching game as soon as the minimum degree is at least two and every edge has at least three neighbouring vertices; and Maker wins the H‐game as soon as there is a subgraph from a finite list of “minimal graphs.” These results also allow us to give precise expressions for the limiting probability that G(n, r) is Maker‐win in each case, where G(n, r) is the graph on n points chosen uniformly at random on the unit square with an edge between two points if and only if their distance is at most r. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 553–607, 2014
Synthesis and Properties of Ethyl, Propyl, and Butyl Hexa‐alkyldisilanes and Tetrakis(tri‐alkylsilyl)silanes
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed A. K. , Wragg David S. , Nilsen Ola , Fjellvåg Helmer 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe preparation of (R3Si)4Si (R = ethyl, n‐propyl, iso‐propyl, n‐butyl, and iso‐butyl) was attempted using the procedure reported for [(CH3)3Si)]4Si.1 The type of alkyl group affected the resulting materials significantly. For R = ethyl, [(C2H5)3Si]2 [hexaethyldisilane (1)] was obtained phase pure if careful fractional distillation (under vacuum) was used, otherwise a mixture of 1, [(C2H5)2Si]4 (octaethyltetra‐cyclo‐silane), and other unidentified product(s) was obtained. For R = n‐propyl a mixture of [(CH3CH2CH)3Si]2 (hexa‐n‐propyldisilane), [(CH3CH2CH2)2Si]4, (octa‐n‐propyltetra‐cyclo‐silane), [(CH3CH2CH2)3Si]4Si {tetrakis(tri‐n‐propylsilyl)silane} (2)], and other unidentified product(s) was obtained. From this mixture only 2, a new and previously unreported compound, was purified. 2 is the second compound of this type to be reported and is characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), elemental analysis (EA), and thermogravimetry (TG). The crystal structure of 2 is also reported [space group R$\bar{3}$ (no.148), a = 17.9249(10) Å, c = 12.2752(7) Å, at 100 K]. For R = iso‐propyl pure [{(CH3)2CH2}3Si]2 [hexa‐iso‐propyldisilane (3)] was obtained in a good yield. For R = n‐butyl or iso‐butyl no phase pure compounds were synthesized. The pure compounds prepared have potential as precursors for the currently problematic atomic layer deposition of silicon, as demonstrated by their complete sublimation under thermal analysis. The sublimation temperature is dependent on the size of the molecule.
Oxidative Stability of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Rich Soy Oil Obtained by Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Lele Saurabh Ravindra , Proctor Andrew , Ruan Chuan Min 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA CLA rich‐soy oil (CLARSO) has been produced by heterogenous catalysis. This oil may provide significant health benefits. The objectives of this study were: to determine the oxidative stability of the CLARSO and CLARSO after adsorption treatment [1], relative to conventional soy oil, in terms of primary and secondary oxidation products and to determine CLA and other unsaturated fatty acids oxidation kinetics in the CLARSO [2]. Primary and secondary oxidation products were measured in CLARSO and soy oil samples kept at 50 °C in the dark. The CLARSO was less stable than soy oil but bleaching improved its oxidative stability. The induction times were dependent on the analytical method used. Fatty acid oxidation kinetics was determined by measuring each fatty acid and hydroperoxides in CLARSO at 52, 61 and 69 °C in the dark. Unsaturated fatty acids oxidation rate constants, activation energies and frequency factors were obtained by the Arrhenius equation. Kinetics studies showed that CLA isomers had higher rate constants, higher activation energies and higher frequency factors than linoleic acid which showed that the CLA isomers had more molecular collisions with oxygen than linoleic acid.
Desulfurization of Tall Oil Rosin
Authors: Evdokimov Andrey N. , Kurzin Alexander V. , Popova Larisa M. , Trifonova Alena D. , Vikhman Tamara M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTall oil rosin has limited application due to the presence of sulfur compounds. By treatments with acetic acid and 2‐ethoxyethanol the total sulfur content of tall oil rosin was reduced from 630 to 48 ppm.
How a romantic relationship can protect same‐sex attracted youth and young adults from the impact of expected rejection
Authors: Baams Laura , Bos Henny M.W. , Jonas Kai J. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSame‐sex attracted youth's well‐being is jeopardized by components of minority stress, but this stress can be buffered by social support. What is unknown is whether a romantic relationship can also serve as a buffer. With an online survey we examined the link between components of minority stress, psychological well‐being, and its moderated relation by romantic relationship status among 309 Dutch same‐sex attracted youth (16–24 years old, 52.9% female). The results showed that minority stress components (internalized homophobia, expected rejection, and meta‐stereotyping) were negatively related to psychological well‐being. Moderation analyses revealed that only the impact of “expected rejection” on psychological well‐being was buffered for those involved in a romantic relationship. This shows the particular functional link of romantic support in rejection contexts.