bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved data visualization techniques for analyzing macromolecule structural changes
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Iyer Vidyashankara , Joshi Sangeeta B. , Volkin David B. , Middaugh C. Russell 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe empirical phase diagram (EPD) is a colored representation of overall structural integrity and conformational stability of macromolecules in response to various environmental perturbations. Numerous proteins and macromolecular complexes have been analyzed by EPDs to summarize results from large data sets from multiple biophysical techniques. The current EPD method suffers from a number of deficiencies including lack of a meaningful relationship between color and actual molecular features, difficulties in identifying contributions from individual techniques, and a limited ability to be interpreted by color‐blind individuals. In this work, three improved data visualization approaches are proposed as techniques complementary to the EPD. The secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural changes of multiple proteins as a function of environmental stress were first measured using circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, and static light scattering, respectively. Data sets were then visualized as (1) RGB colors using three‐index EPDs, (2) equiangular polygons using radar charts, and (3) human facial features using Chernoff face diagrams. Data as a function of temperature and pH for bovine serum albumin, aldolase, and chymotrypsin as well as candidate protein vaccine antigens including a serine threonine kinase protein (SP1732) and surface antigen A (SP1650) from S. pneumoniae and hemagglutinin from an H1N1 influenza virus are used to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each type of data visualization technique.
Assessing the resilience of small socio‐ecological systems based on the dominant polarity of their feedback structure
Authors: Bueno Newton Paulo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDespite being an important concept to assess vulnerability of ecological systems, the literature is still unclear on how to measure resilience in different systems and therefore on how well the concept of resilience translates into the practice of analyzing the vulnerability of social systems. This paper presents a practical procedure to assess the degree of resilience of socio‐ecological systems which builds on system dynamics analysis, in particular on loop polarity analysis. It shows that socio‐ecological systems lose resilience when they exceed certain thresholds in which dominant polarity of their feedback structures shifts sign. Copyright © 2012 System Dynamics Society.
Oyun: A New, Free Program for Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Tournaments in the Classroom
Authors: Pence Charles H. , Buchak Lara 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Evolutionary applications of game theory present one of the most pedagogically accessible varieties of genuine, contemporary theoretical biology. We present here Oyun (oy-oon, http://charlespence.net/oyun), a program designed to run iterated prisoner's dilemma tournaments, competitions between prisoner's dilemma strategies developed by the students themselves. Using this software, students are able to readily design and tweak their own strategies, and to see how they fare both in round-robin tournaments and in “evolutionary” tournaments, where the scores in a given “generation” directly determine contribution to the population in the next generation. Oyun is freely available, runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux computers, and the process of creating new prisoner's dilemma strategies is both easy to teach and easy for students to grasp. We illustrate with two interesting examples taken from actual use of Oyun in the classroom.
Cervical cancer prevention: New opportunities for primary and secondary prevention in the 21st century
Authors: Denny Lynette 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCervical cancer is a relatively rare disease in countries that have instituted and maintained national screening programs, with call and recall of women at various intervals and built‐in quality control with appropriate monitoring and evaluation. Unfortunately, this process has failed in most areas of the world where over 80% of new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed. Cervical cancer affects women in the prime of their lives and causes premature and needless suffering and death in a critically important segment of the world's population—despite being the only cancer that can be prevented with simple testing. In the past 15 years, innovative approaches to both primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer have been subjected to a number of large‐scale scientifically valid and applicable studies that have opened the way for new approaches. This article reviews these new approaches.
Climate and local controls of long-term vegetation dynamics in northern Patagonia (Lat 41°S)
Authors: Iglesias Virginia , Whitlock Cathy , Bianchi María Martha , Villarosa Gustavo , Outes Valeria 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPatagonian vegetation has dramatically changed in composition and distribution over the last 16,000 yr. Although patterns of vegetation change are relatively clear, our understanding of the processes that produce them is limited. High-resolution pollen and charcoal records from two lakes located at lat 41°S provide new information on the postglacial history of vegetation and fire activity at the forest–steppe ecotone, and help clarify the relative importance of local and regional drivers of late-Holocene ecological change. Our results suggest that late-glacial parkland was colonized by shrubs at ca. 11,200 cal yr BP and this vegetation persisted until 4900 cal yr BP, when increased humidity allowed for the establishment of Nothofagus forest. The late Holocene is characterized by oscillations in forest dominance largely driven by changes in humidity, possibly associated with the onset or strengthening of ENSO. In the last 4900 yr, humid periods (4900–3800 and 2850–1350 cal yr BP) have promoted Nothofagus forest, whereas drier times (3800–2850 and 1350–450 cal yr BP) have favored Austrocedrus expansion. At intermediate moisture levels, however, the lower forest supported both taxa, and fire became an important control of community composition, with severe, infrequent fires facilitating Nothofagus regeneration and high fire frequency and intensity supporting Austrocedrus.
A unified treatment of syntax with binders
Authors: POUILLARD NICOLAS , POTTIER FRANÇOIS 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAtoms and de Bruijn indices are two well-known representation techniques for data structures that involve names and binders. However, using either technique, it is all too easy to make a programming error that causes one name to be used where another was intended. We propose an abstract interface to names and binders that rules out many of these errors. This interface is implemented as a library inAgda. It allows defining and manipulating term representations in nominal style and in de Bruijn style. The programmer is not forced to choose between these styles: on the contrary, the library allows using both styles in the same program, if desired. Whereas indexing the types of names and terms with a natural number is a well-known technique to better control the use of de Bruijn indices, we index types with worlds. Worlds are at the same time more precise and more abstract than natural numbers. Via logical relations and parametricity, we are able to demonstrate in what sense our library is safe, and to obtain theorems for free about world-polymorphic functions. For instance, we prove that a world-polymorphic term transformation function must commute with any renaming of the free variables. The proof is entirely carried out inAgda.
Pinning down a novel: characteristics of literary works as perceived by readers
Authors: Šauperl Alenka 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe subject description of novels in library catalogues is traditionally limited to the classification number with no description of the story. On the other hand, enthusiastic readers describe novels by tags or reviews in Web services. The purpose of this paper is to analyse readers' descriptions of novels and suggest an enhancement of the catalogue record which would be useful to the readers.Design/methodology/approachThe original research involved a content analysis of tags and reviews written by users in the online bookstore Amazon.com, the online reader advisory service LibraryThing, and the reading promotion project Primorci beremo. The results were compared to previously published results.FindingsThe characteristics that most frequently elicit comments by readers are: the names of the creators and literary characters, geographic names and the titles of works, the time frame in which the story takes place, and the literary genre. Their evaluation of a novel was expressed with an opinion, an analysis, or a professional review. Awards were mentioned, and readers often also expressed their personal experience with the novel. They connected the novel with a sequel or series, with otherwise related novels, movies, etc. Often, pictures of the cover and other factual data were included.Research limitations/implicationsResearch was limited to readers' experiences and descriptions of literary works written in prose.Practical implicationsIt is suggested that the time frame, genre and awards received should be included in the functional requirements models.Originality/valueOriginal research was conducted over a longer period of time. The results were re‐evaluated and compared to previously published results from studies by different researchers.
Interviewing women in Latin America: some reflections on feminist research practice
Authors: Undurraga Rosario 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to offer an account of the research process and reflects on feminist research practice. It discusses methodological issues based on the author's experience as a PhD student in sociology carrying out fieldwork with women in Latin America. The paper makes the research process transparent and shows how feminist epistemologies inform the research strategies the author used in the field.Design/methodology/approachThis is a reflexive piece about the methodology and method used and the dilemmas encountered in the author's empirical work as a feminist doctoral researcher. It considers biographical issues and personal interests in relation to the research.FindingsThe article discusses methodological assumptions and feminist epistemologies. It examines the interview as a research method as well as interviewing skills. It reflects on research practice, considering power issues, feminist challenges in the field, and the topic of reflexivity and otherness.Originality/valueThe article provides an account of feminist research practice, and considers the roles and skills of the researcher when interviewing. It contributes to knowledge by providing real examples of feminist research in Latin America.
Postcolonial feminist research: challenges and complexities
Authors: Ozkazanc‐Pan Banu 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the challenges and complexities in conducting research faced by scholars utilizing postcolonial feminist frameworks. The paper discusses postcolonial feminist key concepts, namely representation, subalternity, and reflexivity and the challenges scholars face when deploying these concepts in fieldwork settings. The paper then outlines the implications of these concepts for feminist praxis related to international management theory, research, and writing as well as entrepreneurship programs.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses the experiences of the author in conducting fieldwork on Turkish high‐technology entrepreneurs in the USA and Turkey by focusing explicitly on the challenges and complexities postcolonial feminist frameworks bring to ethnography and auto‐ethnography.FindingsThe paper suggests that conducting fieldwork guided by postcolonial feminist frameworks faces challenges related to representation inclusive of the author and the participants in the study. It offers subalternity as a relational understanding of subjects in contrast to comparative approaches to the study of business people. The paper also discusses how positionality impacts reflexivity through gender, ethnicity, and class relations.Originality/valueThis paper offers a critical perspective on conducting research related to non‐Western subjects by addressing issues arising from feminist and postcolonial intersections. It is a valuable contribution to those researchers who are interested in conducting feminist research particularly with non‐Western people and cultures.
Effectiveness of management development in Pakistani corporate sector
Authors: Dastgeer Ghulam , ur Rehman Atiq 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess effectiveness of management development (MD) programs in the Pakistani corporate sector and investigate relationship among various factors that affect MD practices in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThe research employed a blend of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. D'Netto's model of “MD effectiveness” provided a framework for measuring MD effectiveness. The sample consisted of managers from 55 corporate branches of 20 banks and three telecom organizations using a “self‐reported rating” survey questionnaire and interviews, which resulted in 102 completed responses and ten in‐depth interviews.FindingsAlthough Pakistani managers have a positive attitude towards MD, yet little attention has been paid to create a strong link between corporate strategy and MD. Properly planned MD programs and relevant course contents are necessary for the effectiveness of MD. D'Netto's model of “management development effectiveness” has a good fit and is applicable to the corporate sector in Pakistan.Research limitations/implicationsAs a qualitative study, there are limitations on account of generalization of findings. Further research is recommended.Practical implicationsTop management should assign higher priority to MD. MD programs should be properly planned, executed, monitored and evaluated. Utilization of newly learned skills, risk taking and new ideas should be encouraged. The reward system needs revising and a continuous learning environment ought to be established for effective MD in Pakistan.Originality/valueThis study, for the first time, assessed the current state of MD in Pakistan and contributes to the present stock of knowledge and understanding of the subject by contextualising the concept of “management development effectiveness” in the Pakistani corporate sector.
Predicting MBA graduates’ donation behaviour to their alma mater
Authors: Baruch Yehuda , Sang Katherine J.C. 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a model to examine factors influencing the inclination of MBA graduates to donate to their alma mater.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a large data‐base of 3,677 MBA graduates to evaluate individual factors, and external evaluation of organizational level factors. The authors constructed and tested the model, finding strong support for its validity.FindingsSatisfaction with the MBA, university prestige and salary were significant predictors of donating behavior. Engagement (operationalised volunteering) was a significant mediating factor between these factors and donating behaviour.Originality/valueThe paper adds to both theoretical implication for understanding long‐term relationships between graduates and their alma mater and to managerial implication for future financing of universities and business schools in particular.
Knowledge creation in universities and some related factors
Authors: Siadat Sayed Ali , Hoveida Reza , Abbaszadeh Mohammad , Moghtadaie Leila 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical picture of the concept of knowledge creation and then investigate the effects on it of such variables as social capital and organizational culture.Design/methodology/approachThe population of this study includes faculty members of the University of Isfahan (Iran) in 2008 (476 cases). From among these cases, 142 cases were selected based on the Cochran formula. Survey was used as the research method and a questionnaire was used for data collection. Pearson correlation “r” and multi‐variable regression were employed, and in the next stage, through drawing the model of structural equations, the direct effects, indirect effects and total effects of independent variables on the dependent variable were investigated, based on path analysis model. SPSS and LISREL were employed for statistical analysis.FindingsThe results revealed that social capital and organizational culture had meaningful effect on knowledge creation. The analysis showed that the independent variables mentioned above could determine 36 percent of the effects of the dependent variable.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are based, in the main, on an extensive, single university study; therefore it is necessary to be cautious about generalizing the result of this study to other universities in Iran.Originality/valueThe paper can contribute to organizations through providing a holistic picture of the role of knowledge creation in organizations (especially universities).
Seeking resources: predicting retirees' return to their workplace
Authors: Armstrong‐Stassen Marjorie , Schlosser Francine , Zinni Deborah 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis study aims to employ a resource‐oriented theoretical perspective to examine retirees' desire to return to their former organization.Design/methodology/approachUsing a cross‐sectional field study design, data were collected from 243 retirees under 65 years of age who had been retired from a career job less than ten years.FindingsRegression results indicate that retirees who had experienced financial and pervasive role loss as well as retirees who perceived a higher fit with their former organization and the availability of desired job role options expressed significantly greater interest in returning. Retirees who experienced gains in leaving work as well as gains in their life satisfaction following retirement reported significantly less interest in returning to their former organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross‐sectional design and self‐report data create a potential for bias. Even though the findings are based on respondents' “interest” in returning to their former organization, it is not known if they actually did return.Practical implicationsPrograms should focus on creating an environment that values older workers, and provides them with opportunities such as mentoring other workers.Social implicationsPolicy changes are needed to ensure that returning to work following retirement results in resource gains and not resource losses.Originality/valueThis study uses resource theory with a diverse sample of retirees and considers their desire to return to their original employers, thus adding value to human resources and management who wish to retain or re‐engage their own knowledgeable retirees.
Relative importance of managerial skills for predicting effectiveness
Authors: Tonidandel Scott , Braddy Phillip W. , Fleenor John W. 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relative importance of four managerial skill dimensions (technical skill, administrative skill, human skill, and citizenship behavior) for predicting managerial effectiveness. In addition, it aims to explore whether the relative importance of these skill dimensions varies as a function of gender or organizational level.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were 733 managers enrolled in a nationally recognized leadership development program. Ratings of managerial skill were obtained from peers using a well‐validated 360‐degree assessment instrument, while manager effectiveness ratings were provided by supervisors. Moderated multiple regression and relative weight analysis were used to test the study's hypotheses.FindingsUsing ratings provided by multiple sources, these results show that all four of the managerial skill dimensions were significantly important predictors of manager effectiveness. Human skills were significantly more important than technical skill and citizenship behavior, while administrative skills were most important overall. Gender was not a significant moderator of the skill‐effectiveness relationship, but organizational level was.Practical implicationsIndividuals tasked with selecting, developing, or placing managers should take all four skill dimensions into account. Moreover, special consideration should be given to administrative skill, and this emphasis should increase for managers higher up in the organizational hierarchy.Originality/valueAlthough prior research has speculated about the importance of different managerial skills, this study is the first to provide empirical support for this skill typology in predicting actual managerial effectiveness using appropriate statistical analyses for examining the relative importance of these skill dimensions.
What prevents senior executives from commenting upon miscommunication in top management team meetings?
Authors: Bang Henning 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore why executives participating in a top management team meeting avoid speaking up when they experience the goal as unclear or the discussion as wandering off track.Design/methodology/approachA total of 21 executives (CEOs and level 2 managers) from seven top management teams were interviewed, and the interviews analyzed according to the principles of Grounded Theory.FindingsThe executives’ silence was primarily governed by a core belief that to speak up about miscommunication is a negative act, which will probably elicit undesirable consequences. This assumption was reinforced by how the executives perceived themselves, other persons and relationships in the group, group norms, and the issue discussed in the meeting. In addition, three other basic beliefs prevented the level 2 managers from speaking up: “We have no tradition for speaking up in this group”, “It's futile to speak up”, and “It's not part of my role to speak up in this group”.Research limitations/implicationsThe data were collected from executives representing only seven top management teams from the public sector in Norway, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Future research should increase the number and types of top management teams from which informants are drawn.Practical implicationsExecutives should be aware of how their beliefs and perceptions prevent them from voicing their concerns when experiencing miscommunication during the TMT meeting, and how remaining silent in these matters represents an important barrier to team effectiveness in the meetings.Originality/valueThe study shows that even among executives at the top of the organizational hierarchy, people refrain from speaking up when experiencing miscommunication, and that there are more reasons for not voicing concerns than fear of consequences and feelings of futility.