bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RhoGAPs und Rho-GTPasen in Thrombozyten
Authors: Elvers Margitta 
Published: February 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts in Thrombozyten ist essenziell für die Thrombozytenadhäsion und Thrombusbildung in Hämostase und Thrombose. Die Rho-GTPasen RhoA, Rac1 und Cdc42 spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts, indem sie die Bildung von Filopodien und Lamellipodien induzieren und somit für die Oberflächenvergrößerung der Thrombozyten wäh-rend der Aktivierung verantwortlich sind. Rho-GTPasen beeinflussen zudem die Prozesse der Thrombozytenaktivität und Aggregatbildung durch Modulation der Sekretion, Integrinaktivierung und arteriellen Thrombusbildung. Die Aktivität der Rho-GTPasen wird von verschiedenen Proteinen kontrolliert, z. B. den GTPase aktivierenden Proteinen (GTPase activating proteins, GAPs). GAPs lösen die Inaktivierung des Guaninnukleotidbindenden Proteins durch Stimulierung der GTPase-Aktivität aus. Die Rolle und Bedeutung von GAPs in Thrombozyten ist nur wenig verstanden und viele der bekannten Rho-GAPs sind bisher nicht in Thrombozyten identifiziert oder hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion charakterisiert worden. Die kürzlich entdeckten RhoGAPs Oligophrenin1 (OPHN1) und Nadrin regulieren die Aktivität von RhoA, Rac1 und Cdc42 und nachfolgend die Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts und die Aktivierung von Thrombozyten sowie die Thrombusbildung. In den letzten Jahren trug die Analyse gene-tisch-modifizierter Mäuse dazu bei, grundlegende Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung von RhoGTPasen und ihren Regulatoren für die Reorganisation des Zytoskeletts und andere Rhovermittelte zelluläre Prozesse in Thrombozyten zu gewinnen.
Significance of Management System for Effective Organizational Management
Authors: Kazmi Syeda Asiya Zenab , Naarananoja Marja 
Published: February 2015

AbstractManagement system is defined as a strategic process of an organization based on a comprehensive framework of instructions and well-designed set of guiding rules, for undergoing organizational operations for achieving organization targets. The set of directions included in the paper, refers to the key areas involved in effectively accomplishing organizational operational tasks. The conclusion of the paper highlights the key areas of management systems, management processes and the allied components of the PDCA model.
How to Measure Alterations in Alveolar Barrier Function as a Marker of Lung Injury
Authors: Herrero Raquel , Matute‐Bello Gustavo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe alveolar capillary membrane maintains the proper water and solute content of the epithelial lining fluid at the alveolar air‐liquid interface, which is critical for adequate gas exchange in the lung. This is possible due to the alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) capacity of this membrane that assists in the removal of salt and water from the alveolar air spaces. The alveolar capillary membrane also provides a barrier that restricts the passage of proteins and water from the interstitial and vascular compartments into the alveolar air spaces. This restricted passage is due to the presence of tight junctions between adjacent alveolar epithelial cells. Severe injury to the alveolar epithelial/endothelial membrane results in increased protein permeability and impairment of AFC, which leads to the formation of protein‐rich edema with the consequent deterioration of gas exchange. Many animal models of lung injury, focused on damage of the alveolar‐capillary membrane, assess the AFC capacity and the barrier function. We describe a simple method to assess the AFC rate in normal and pathological conditions in mice. We also describe two complementary methods to assess the alveolar‐capillary barrier function, which require measuring the concentration of endogenous plasma proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and detection of tight‐junction proteins in lung tissue by immunofluorescence. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Protein Ligand‐Receptor Binding by Photoaffinity Cross‐Linking
Authors: Wu Ling , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPhotoaffinity cross‐linking is a rapidly developing technology for studying biomolecular interactions, including protein ligand‐receptor binding. This technology provides detailed binding information including receptor contact sites, active conformation of receptor‐ligand complexes, global binding surfaces, and binding modes. Advancements in genetic technology have enabled non‐natural photoactive amino acid derivatives to be incorporated into designer or target proteins, providing a host of new opportunities for manufacturing protein photo‐probes while bypassing the traditional peptide or small protein limits of classical chemical synthesis. This unit provides several protocols for performing basic photoaffinity cross‐linking and related analyses for applications in ligand‐receptor binding and protein‐protein interactions. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Manipulation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells
Authors: Hayakawa Koji , Himeno Emi , Tanaka Satoshi , Kunath Tilo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe isolation of stable trophoblast stem (TS) cell lines from early mouse embryos has provided a useful cell culture model to study trophoblast development. TS cells are derived from pre‐implantation blastocysts or from the extraembryonic ectoderm of early post‐implantation embryos. The derivation and maintenance of mouse TS cells is dependent upon continuous fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Gene expression analysis, differentiation in culture, and chimera formation show that TS cells accurately model the mouse trophoblast lineage. This unit describes how to derive, maintain, and manipulate TS cells, including DNA transfection and chimera formation. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Versatile Syntheses of Hemi‐Cryptophanes and a Metallo‐Cryptophane from a Hexa‐Functionalized C3v‐Symmetrical Tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) Derivative
Authors: Wei Jun , Li Zhi‐Min , Jin Xiao‐Jie , Yao Xiao‐Jun , Cao Xiao‐Ping , Chow Hak‐Fun , Kuck Dietmar 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA number of three‐fold C3v‐symmetrical tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) cavitands were synthesized by a “metamorphosis‐to‐half” strategy, employing six‐fold etherification reactions between the hexakis(chloromethyl)‐TBTQ intermediate 2 a and various 5‐functionalized resorcinols. X‐ray structure analyses of single crystals of the cavitands revealed limited rotational flexibility of the resorcinol bridging units, which enables an apical, nearly co‐axial orientation of the three functional groups and, as a consequence, the construction of nanoscale cage‐like molecules via covalent or coordination bonding. On this basis, two TBTQ‐based hemicryptophanes were prepared from the TBTQ cavitands via covalent bond formation in good yields. A dumbbell‐shaped TBTQ‐based metallo‐cryptophane was also synthesized in 34 % yield by a solvothermal reaction between cadmium nitrate and two equivalents of the TBTQ‐cavitand triacid, as confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry.
Validation of a hydrophilic interaction ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of gemcitabine in human plasma with tetrahydrouridine
Authors: Mano Yuji , Sakamaki Kenji , Ueno Takuya , Kita Kenji , Ishii Takuho , Hotta Koichiro , Kusano Kazutomi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA simple and reproducible bioanalytical method for the determination of gemcitabine in human plasma treated with tetrahydrouridine (THU) was developed and validated using a hydrophilic interaction ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). To prevent deamination of gemcitabine, blood was treated with THU, and the plasma samples obtained after centrifugation were used in this study. Gemcitabine and gemcitabine‐13C, 15N2 used as an internal standard, were extracted from human plasma treated with THU using a 96‐well Hybrid SPE‐Precipitation plate. Extracts were chromatographed on a hydrophilic interaction chromatography column with isocratic elution. Detection was performed using Quattro Premier with positive electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring mode. The standard curve ranged from 10 to 10,000 ng/mL without carryover. No significant interferences were detected in blank plasma and no interferences by 2′‐2′‐difluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine, a metabolite of gemcitabine. Accuracy and precision in the intra‐batch reproducibility study using quality control samples with three THU levels did not exceed ±5.4 and 7.3%, respectively, and the inter‐batch reproducibility results also met the criteria. Stability of gemcitabine was ensured in whole blood and plasma as well as stability of THU in solutions. The UPLC‐MS/MS method developed was successfully validated and can be applied for gemcitabine bioanalysis in clinical studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the hemolysis and endothelial cell cytotoxicity induced by residual linear alkylbenzene sulfonates on pharmaceutical rubber stoppers based on HPLC‐ESI‐MS
Authors: Li Xianghui , Qiu Lu , Li Yueyue , Chen Xiaofei , Zhu Zhenyu , Chai Yifeng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study was designed to develop a high‐performance liquid chromatographic–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS) method for quantitative determination of residual surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) compounds on pharmaceutical rubber stoppers. An HPLC‐ESI‐MS method was developed for separation and determination of five LAS homologs (C10–C14) under gradient conditions using methanol and ammonium acetate as mobile phases. Hemolysis activity of residual LAS compounds was analyzed by spectrophotometry. Expression of interleukin (IL)‐6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after LAS compound treatment was examined by enzyme‐linked sorbent assay. LAS compounds were well separated and determined by the established gradient conditions. The linear range was 0.05–8 µg/mL with correlation coefficients ≥0.997. Recoveries were from 73 to 134% and the relative standard deviation was <13.7%. There was a correlation between hemolysis rate and LAS compounds concentration when it was ≥0.8 µg/cm2. LAS compounds decreased the viability of HUVECs and promoted the production of IL‐6 and TNF‐α. The developed analytical method was successful for quantitative determination of residual LAS compounds on pharmaceutical rubber stoppers and it is important to monitor and control the amount of LAS compounds on rubber stoppers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of flecainide in human plasma and its clinical application
Authors: Mano Yuji , Asakawa Yoshiki , Kita Kenji , Ishii Takuho , Hotta Koichiro , Kusano Kazutomi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA simple and reproducible bioanalytical method for the determination of flecainide in human plasma was developed and validated using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) to obtain higher sensitivity than the current available methods. After simple protein precipitation, flecainide and a stable isotope‐labeled internal standard (IS) were chromatographed on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm) with isocratic elution of mobile phase consisting of 45% methanol containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate 0.25 mL/min. Detection was performed in positive electrospray ionization by monitoring the selected ion transitions at m/z 415.4/301.1 for flecainide and m/z 419.4/305.1 for the IS. The method was validated according to current bioanalytical method validation guidelines. The calibration standard curve was linear from 2.5 to 1000 ng/mL using 0.1 mL of plasma. No significant interferences were detected in blank human plasma. Accuracy and precision in the intra‐ and inter‐batch reproducibility study were within acceptance criteria. Neither hemolysis effects nor matrix effects were observed. The UPLC‐MS/MS method developed was successfully applied to determine plasma flecainide concentrations to support clinical studies and incurred sample reanalysis also ensured the reproducibility of the method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current trends in the etiology and diagnosis of HPV‐related head and neck cancers
Authors: Chai Ryan C. , Lambie Duncan , Verma Mukesh , Punyadeera Chamindie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHuman papilloma virus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor for a distinct subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The current review summarizes the epidemiology of HNSCC and the disease burden, the infectious cycle of HPV, the roles of viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, and the downstream cellular events that lead to malignant transformation. Current techniques for the clinical diagnosis of HPV‐associated HNSCC will also be discussed, that is, the detection of HPV DNA, RNA, and the HPV surrogate marker, p16 in tumor tissues, as well as HPV‐specific antibodies in serum. Such methods do not allow for the early detection of HPV‐associated HNSCC and most cases are at an advanced stage upon diagnosis. Novel noninvasive approaches using oral fluid, a clinically relevant biological fluid, allow for the detection of HPV and cellular alterations in infected cells, which may aid in the early detection and HPV‐typing of HNSCC tumors. Noninvasive diagnostic methods will enable early detection and intervention, leading to a significant reduction in mortality and morbidity associated with HNSCC.
Childhood‐onset schizophrenia case with 2.2 Mb deletion at chromosome 3p12.2–p12.1 and two large chromosomal abnormalities at 16q22.3–q24.3 and Xq23–q28
Authors: Rudd Danielle , Axelsen Michael , Epping Eric A. , Andreasen Nancy , Wassink Thomas 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageChildhood‐onset schizophrenia is rare, comprising 1% of known schizophrenia cases. Here, we report a patient with childhood‐onset schizophrenia who has three large chromosomal abnormalities: an inherited 2.2 Mb deletion of chromosome 3p12.2–p12.1, a de novo 16.7 Mb duplication of 16q22.3–24.3, and a de novo 43 Mb deletion of Xq23–q28.
Nonspecific phenotype of Noonan syndrome diagnosed by whole exome sequencing
Authors: Coromilas Alexandra , Wynn Julia , Haverfield Eden , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageNoonan syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous condition primarily due to missense mutations in PTPN11. Prenatal diagnosis is typically made in a fetus with increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype. We demonstrate the ability of whole exome sequencing to make prenatal diagnoses that would not have been made from phenotype alone.
Photoactivatable Aggregation‐Induced Emission Fluorophores with Multiple‐Color Fluorescence and Wavelength‐Selective Activation
Authors: Peng Lu , Zheng Yue , Wang Xiaoyan , Tong Aijun , Xiang Yu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPhotoactivatable (caged) fluorophores are widely used in chemistry, materials, and biology. However, the development of such molecules exhibiting photoactivable solid‐state fluorescence is still challenging due to the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect of most fluorophores in their aggregate or solid states. In this work, we developed caged salicylaldehyde hydrazone derivatives, which are of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics upon light irradiation, as efficient photoactivatable solid‐state fluorophores. These compounds displayed multiple‐color emissions and ratiometric (photochromic) fluorescence switches upon wavelength‐selective photoactivation, and were successfully applied for photopatterning and photoactivatable cell imaging in a multiple‐color and stepwise manner.
Technologierohstoffe für erneuerbare Energien – Verfügbarkeit und ökologische Aspekte
Authors: Mocker Mario , Aigner Jonathan , Kroop Stephanie , Lohmeyer Rosina , Franke Matthias 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAuf Grundlage von Materialbilanzen erneuerbarer Energieanlagen und dem prognostizierten Ausbaupotenzial regenerativer Technologien wurde der globale Rohstoffbedarf der Windenergie, der Photovoltaik und der Elektromobilität für den Zeitraum von 2012 bis 2030 abgeschätzt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass der Mengenbedarf der fünf Elemente Dysprosium, Kobalt, Lithium, Neodym und Silber mehr als 10 % ihrer kumulierten Jahresproduktion beträgt. Die Primärgewinnung dieser Rohstoffe wurde ferner untersucht, um weitere Versorgungsrisiken hinsichtlich des Ausbaus der Erneuerbaren Energien zu bestimmen.
Computational model of collagen turnover in carotid arteries during hypertension
Authors: Sáez P. , Peña E. , Tarbell J. M. , Martínez M. A. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIt is well known that biological tissues adapt their properties because of different mechanical and chemical stimuli. The goal of this work is to study the collagen turnover in the arterial tissue of hypertensive patients through a coupled computational mechano‐chemical model. Although it has been widely studied experimentally, computational models dealing with the mechano‐chemical approach are not. The present approach can be extended easily to study other aspects of bone remodeling or collagen degradation in heart diseases. The model can be divided into three different stages. First, we study the smooth muscle cell synthesis of different biological substances due to over‐stretching during hypertension. Next, we study the mass‐transport of these substances along the arterial wall. The last step is to compute the turnover of collagen based on the amount of these substances in the arterial wall which interact with each other to modify the turnover rate of collagen. We simulate this process in a finite element model of a real human carotid artery. The final results show the well‐known stiffening of the arterial wall due to the increase in the collagen content. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic structure and historical demography of Schizothorax nukiangensis (Cyprinidae) in continuous habitat
Authors: Chen Weitao , Du Kang , He Shunping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGeographic distance, different living habitats or Pleistocene climatic oscillations have frequently been found to shape population genetic structure in many species. The genetic structure of Schizothorax nukiangensis, a high altitude, valuable fish species, which is distributed throughout the Nujiang River, was investigated by mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (cytb), and the mitochondrial control region (MCR) of S. nukiangensis were concatenated for examination of population structure and demographic history. The concatenated data set (2405 bp) implied a pronounced genetic population structure (overall FST = 0.149) and defined two population units. Strong differentiation was detected between the Sanjiangkou (SJK) population and other populations due to environmental heterogeneity, dispersal ability, and/or glacial cycles. Additional DNA sequencing of the nuclear RAG2 gene also examined significant differentiation between two units and between SJK and the upstream populations (U‐unit). Recent expansion events suggest that S. nukiangensis may have undergone a rapid increase during warm interglacial periods. Surprisingly, S. nukiangensis appears to have undergone an obvious expansion during the last glaciations (LG) for cold hardiness and a sharp contraction from 1.5 ka to the present. However, two population units exhibited different reflections during the LG, which might be closely related to their living habitats and cold hardiness. A clear pattern of isolation by distance was detected in S. nukiangensis due to feeding habits, limited dispersal ability, and/or philopatry. It is vitally important that more attention be given to S. nukiangensis due to low genetic diversity, lack of gene flow, and recent population contraction.
Introduction to special issue on connectivity in water and sediment dynamics
Authors: Parsons Anthony J. , Bracken Louise , Poeppl Ronald E. , Wainwright John , Keesstra Saskia D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractConnectivity has emerged in recent years as a significant conceptual framework within which to address the spatial and temporal variability in runoff and sediment transport. This special issue draws together several of the papers that were presented in the session “Connectivity in water and sediment dynamics: how do we move forwards?” at the 2012 General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union in Vienna, Austria. The papers submitted for this special issue fall into three groups: empirical studies, modelling studies, and conceptual development. Although it may be evident that the concept of connectivity helps us to express the complexity (in terms of water and sediment yields) of landscape responses to rainfall inputs, does it improve our ability to understand or predict those responses? There would still seem to be some way to go in connectivity research before this nagging concern can be assuaged. That it can be will undoubtedly be an important task for a number of ongoing research initiatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Favorable outcomes with radiotherapy
Authors: Bishop Andrew J. , Garden Adam S. , Gunn G. Brandon , Rosenthal David I. , Beadle Beth M. , Fuller Clifton D. , Levy Lawrence B. , Gillenwater Ann M. , Kies Merrill S. , Esmaeli Bita , Frank Steven J. , Phan Jack , Morrison William H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the head and neck using a radiation‐based treatment approach.MethodsWe reviewed records of 106 consecutive patients with MCC of the head and neck treated with radiation therapy (RT) at our institution between 1988 and 2011. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate outcomes and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated.ResultsThe 5‐year actuarial local and regional control rates were 96% and 96%, respectively. There were no regional recurrences in 22 patients treated with RT to gross nodal disease without neck dissection. The 5‐year cause‐specific survival rate was 76%. Lymphadenopathy at presentation impacted distant metastatic‐free survival outcomes (p < .001). Treatment was well tolerated with only 5 patients having grade ≥3 toxicities.ConclusionFor MCC of the head and neck, a management strategy that includes RT offers excellent locoregional control. Gross nodal disease can be successfully treated with RT. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E452–E458, 2016
Aminocaproic acid use in hospitalized patients with hematological malignancy: a case series
Authors: Marshall Ariela , Li Ang , Drucker Adrienne , Dzik Walter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe antifibrinolytic aminocaproic acid is widely used in surgical settings to prevent blood loss and decrease transfusion requirements, and small observational studies have suggested that aminocaproic acid may be useful in the setting of malignancy‐related bleeding. At our institution, aminocaproic acid is sometimes prescribed to patients with hematological malignancy who experience refractory thrombocytopenia with or without bleeding. We performed a 5‐year retrospective review of 54 adult patients with 13 types of hematological malignancy who received aminocaproic acid at our institution. Indications for use included 31 (57.4%) for refractory thrombocytopenia with bleeding, 16 (29.6%) for refractory thrombocytopenia without bleeding, and 7 (13%) for bleeding alone. Patients received both oral and intravenous formulations. Administered doses ranged broadly and median duration of use was 6 days. Three patients (5.7%) developed deep venous thrombosis but none of the thrombotic events were clearly related to administration of aminocaproic acid. We conclude that aminocaproic acid may be a relatively safe and cost‐effective adjunct treatment in the setting of bleeding related to the diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancy. Prospective trials as well as formalized protocols for the use of aminocaproic acid may be indicated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.