bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in site of obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea patients according to sleep position: A DISE study
Authors: Lee Chul H. , Kim Dong K. , Kim So Y. , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Won Tae‐Bin 
Published: August 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to evaluate changes in obstruction site in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients according to sleep position.Study DesignProspective case series.MethodsEighty‐five patients who had undergone level 1 sleep study and drug‐induced sleep endoscopy in the supine and lateral positions were included. Obstruction sites were classified as soft palate (SP), tongue base (TB), lateral wall (LW), and larynx (LX). Subgroup analysis was performed according to lateral apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI): those with an AHI of ≥ 10 (lateral obstructors, LO) and those with an AHI of < 10 (lateral nonobstructors, LNO).ResultsPrevalence in obstruction site of SP, TB, and LX decreased significantly after change from supine to lateral position (P < 0.05). However, the prevalence of LW obstruction was not affected by position change. LW collapse in moderate OSA decreased (from 66.7% to 35.9%) after change to lateral sleep, whereas it persisted in severe OSA patients (81.6%–89.5%). In the lateral position, persistent obstruction at the LW was observed more frequently in the LO group compared to the LNO group (83.3% vs. 33.3%).ConclusionWhen sleep posture is changed from supine to lateral, obstruction due to structures such as tongue base and larynx improves dramatically. Obstruction in lateral position is mostly due to obstruction at the oropharyngeal LWs. Therefore, position dependency is mostly determined by LW collapsibility. Evaluating the changes of the upper airway according to sleep position can further characterize the upper airway collapsibility and can be used for tailored treatment planning.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:248–254, 2015
Non‐ablative fractional laser provides long‐term improvement of mature burn scars–A randomized controlled trial with histological assessment
Authors: Taudorf Elisabeth H. , Danielsen Patricia L. , Paulsen Ida F. , Togsverd‐Bo Katrine , Dierickx Christine , Paasch Uwe , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: August 2014

Background and ObjectivesNon‐ablative fractional laser‐treatment is evolving for burn scars. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and histological long‐term outcome of 1,540 nm fractional Erbium: Glass laser, targeting superficial, and deep components of mature burn scars.Materials & MethodsSide‐by‐side scar‐areas were randomized to untreated control or three monthly non‐ablative fractional laser‐treatments using superficial and extra‐deep handpieces. Patient follow‐up were at 1, 3, and 6 months. Primary outcome was improvement in overall scar‐appearance on a modified‐Patient‐and‐Observer‐Scar‐Assessment‐Scale (mPOSAS, 1 = “normal skin”, 10 = “worst imaginable scar”). Secondary outcomes included histology, patient satisfaction (0–10), patient‐assessed improvement, and safety.ResultsStudy was completed by 17 of 20 randomized patients with normotrophic (n = 11), hypertrophic (n = 5) or atrophic (n = 1) scars. Scar‐appearance improved from laser‐treatments (P < 0.001 vs. untreated) and histology at 6 months supported collagen‐remodeling. Improvement appeared continuously during the post‐operative period (mPOSAS baseline: 7 [5–8], 6 months: 4 [3–5] P = < 0.001). At 6 months, patients were satisfied with treatment (6 [3–9]) and 82% reported improved scar‐texture. Treatments caused mild to moderate pain (4 [2–7]). Adverse effects decreased during follow‐up and at final assessment, discrete erythema, hyperpigmentation or imprints from laser‐grid were present in 11 patients. No patients experienced worsening of scar‐appearance.ConclusionsCombined superficial and deep non‐ablative fractional laser‐treatments induce long‐term clinical and histological improvement of mature burn scars. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:141–147, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Precision Polymerization: Rare Earth Metal‐Mediated Synthesis of Homopolymers, Block Copolymers, and Polymer Brushes
Authors: Soller Benedikt S. , Zhang Ning , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: August 2014

Recent studies have shown that rare earth metal‐mediated group transfer polymerization (REM‐GTP) can be applied to a variety of polar monomers, besides the classic (meth)­acrylates or (meth)acrylamides, giving access to new polymeric materials. This article highlights progress in this new field and gives a current overview of the initiation and propagation of vinylphosphonates, the extension to Michael‐type nitrogen‐coordinating monomers, and application to block copolymers, statistical copolymers, and 2D and 3D structures. Based on molecular understanding and high‐precision synthesis, REM‐GTP represents a versatile method for the preparation of new materials.
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Probing signal phase in direct visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa)
Authors: Kim Daeun , Lee Hyo Min , Oh Se‐Hong , Lee Jongho 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo demonstrate the phase evolutions of direct visualization of short transverse relaxation time component (ViSTa) matches with those of myelin water.MethodMyelin water imaging (MWI) measures short transverse signals and has been suggested as a biomarker for myelin. Recently, a new approach, ViSTa, has been proposed to acquire short T2* signals by suppressing long T1 signals. This method does not require any ill‐conditioned data processing and therefore provides high‐quality images. In this study, the phase of the ViSTa signal was compared with the phase of myelin water simulated by the magnetic susceptibility model of hollow cylinder.ResultsThe phase evolutions of the ViSTa signal were similar to the simulated myelin water phase evolutions. When fiber orientation was perpendicular relative to the main magnetic field, both the ViSTa and the simulated myelin water phase showed large positive frequency shifts, whereas the gradient echo phase showed a slightly negative frequency shift. Additionally, the myelin water phase map generated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) information revealed a good match with the ViSTa phase image.ConclusionThe results of this study support the origin of ViSTa signal as myelin water. ViSTa phase may potentially provide sensitivity to demyelination. Magn Reson Med 74:499–505, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal diffusion weighting for in vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Scott Andrew D. , Ferreira Pedro F. A. D. C. , Nielles‐Vallespin Sonia , Gatehouse Peter , McGill Laura‐Ann , Kilner Philip , Pennell Dudley J. , Firmin David N. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo investigate the influence of the diffusion weighting on in vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) and obtain optimal parameters.MethodsTen subjects were scanned using stimulated echo acquisition mode echo planar imaging with six b‐values, from 50 to 950 s·mm−2, plus b = 15 s·mm−2 reference. The relationship between b‐value and both signal loss and signal‐to‐noise ratio measures was investigated. Mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and helical angle maps were calculated using all possible b‐value pairs to investigate the effects of diffusion weighting on the main and reference data.ResultsSignal decay at low b‐values was dominated by processes with high apparent diffusion coefficients, most likely microvascular perfusion. This effect could be avoided by diffusion weighting of the reference images. Parameter maps were improved with increased b‐value until the diffusion‐weighted signal approached the noise floor. For the protocol used in this study, b = 750 s·mm−2 combined with 150 s·mm−2 diffusion weighting of the reference images proved optimal.ConclusionMean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and helical angle from cDTI are influenced by the b‐value of the main and reference data. Using optimal values improves parameter maps and avoids microvascular perfusion effects. This optimized protocol should provide greater sensitivity to pathological changes in parameter maps. Magn Reson Med 74:420–430, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive RF safety concept for parallel transmission MR
Authors: Graesslin Ingmar , Vernickel Peter , Börnert Peter , Nehrke Kay , Mens Giel , Harvey Paul , Katscher Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

PurposeThe goal of this study is to increase patient safety in parallel transmission (pTx) MRI systems. A major concern in these systems is radiofrequency‐induced tissue heating, which can be avoided by specific absorption rate (SAR) prediction and SAR monitoring before and during the scan.MethodsIn this novel comprehensive safety concept, the SAR is predicted prior to the scan based on precalculated fields obtained from electromagnetic simulations on different body models. The radiofrequency fields and the global and local SAR are supervised in real time during the scan. This concept is integrated into a 3 T pTx MR scanner and validated experimentally.ResultsPhantom and in vivo experiments successfully validated the basic feasibility of the real‐time SAR supervision concept. Supervising the SAR minimizes SAR overestimation. Monitoring the radiofrequency fields allows the detection of unsafe radiofrequency situations for the patient, which a SAR supervision system alone cannot detect.ConclusionThis study demonstrates safe scanning in a pTx system. This new safety concept is also applicable for field strengths above 3 T and represents an important step toward safe operation of pTx systems. Magn Reson Med 74:589–598, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light absorption and many‐particle electron–phonon interactions in intermediate band quantum well solar cells
Authors: Milde Frank , Weber Carsten , Knorr Andreas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe carrier dynamics under solar excitation in the third generation AlAs‐Ga0.27In0.73As quantum well solar cell on an InP substrate is theoretically investigated. The quantum well shows a significantly higher carrier occupation compared with that of a pure bulk sample. Furthermore, the influence of carrier scattering via the interaction with a bath of longitudinal optical phonons stemming from the substrate is taken into account, showing strong intraband and interband relaxation of the carrier distribution toward the lowest subband states. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature effect on template polymerization of methacrylic acid using stereocomplex formation on quartz crystal microbalance substrates
Authors: Ajiro Hiroharu , Ueyama Tatsuaki , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) at 0, 20, 40, and 70 °C was achieved in porous isotactic (it‐) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) substrates, which were prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembled stereocomplex films of it‐PMMA and syndiotactic (st‐) poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), followed by the subsequent extraction of st‐PMAA. The MAA polymerization yields increased from 35 to 75%, as the polymerization temperature increased from 0 to 70 °C. Furthermore, infrared spectroscopy revealed that a higher polymerization temperature is necessary to form it‐PMMA/st‐PMAA stereocomplexes via stereoregular polymerization manner that resemble native it‐PMMA/st‐PMAA stereocomplexes. X‐ray diffraction pattern of porous it‐PMMA were also investigated for reaction fields. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3032–3036
Photo‐induced thiol‐ene polysulfide‐crosslinked materials with tunable thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: An So Young , Lee Dong Geun , Hwang Ji Won , Kim Kyung Nam , Nam Joon Hyun , Jung Hyun Wook , Noh Seung Man , Oh Jung Kwon 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPhoto‐induced thiol‐ene crosslinked polymeric networks have been extensively explored in constructing a variety of new materials with enhanced mechanical properties for optical, biomedical, and sensing applications. Toward the broad applications, however, tunable mechanical properties are greatly desired. Here, an effective approach utilizing high‐molecular‐weight methacrylate copolymers having pendant thiol and vinyl groups (MCPsh and MCPenes) to modulate thermal and mechanical properties of photo‐induced thiol‐ene crosslinked materials is reported. The MCP copolymers are synthesized by an industrially friendly polymerization method, followed by post‐modification including either a facile coupling reaction or reductive cleavage. Upon UV irradiation, thiol‐ene reactive blends of MCPsh and MCPenes yield highly crosslinked materials through the formation of flexible sulfide linkages. These polysulfide‐crosslinked materials based on rigid MCP backbones exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. Further, their thermal and mechanical properties are tuned by modulating monomer compositions of MCPs as well as varying numbers of pendant SH or vinyl groups (i.e., extent of crosslinking densities). This approach is versatile and effective for development of high performance polymeric materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3060–3068
Fluorescent PMMA/MEH‐PPV electrospun nanofibers: Investigation of morphology, solvent, and surfactant effect
Authors: Roque Aline P. , Mercante Luiza A. , Scagion Vanessa P. , Oliveira Juliano E. , Mattoso Luiz H. C. , De Boni Leonardo , Mendonca Cleber R. , Correa Daniel S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTElectrospinning is a powerful technique to produce nanofibers of tunable diameter and morphology for medicine and biotechnological applications. By doping electrospun nanofibers with inorganic and organic compounds, new functionalities can be provided for technological applications. Herein, we report a study on the morphology and optical properties of electrospun nanofibers based on the conjugated polymer poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). Initially, we investigate the influence of the solvent, surfactant, and the polymer concentration on electrospinning of PMMA. After determining the best conditions, 0.1% MEH‐PPV was added to obtain fluorescent nanofibers. The optical characterizations display the successful impregnation of MEH‐PPV into the PMMA fibers without phase separation and the preservation of fluorescent property after fiber electrospinning. The obtained results show the ability of the electrospinning approach to obtain fluorescent PMMA/MEH‐PPV nanofibers with potential for optical devices applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1388–1394
A randomized trial comparing live and telemedicine deliveries of an imagery‐based behavioral intervention for breast cancer survivors: reducing symptoms and barriers to care
Authors: Freeman Lyn W. , White Rebecca , Ratcliff Chelsea G. , Sutton Sue , Stewart Mary , Palmer J. Lynn , Link Judith , Cohen Lorenzo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis multi‐site randomized trial evaluates the quality of life (QOL) benefits of an imagery‐based group intervention titled ‘Envision the Rhythms of Life’(ERL).MethodsBreast cancer survivors >6 weeks post‐treatment were randomized to attend five weekly 4‐h group sessions at a community center with therapist present (live delivery (LD), n = 48), therapist streamed via telemedicine (telemedicine delivery (TD), n = 23), or to a waitlist control (WL) group (n = 47). Weekly individual phone calls to encourage at‐home practice began at session one and continued until the 3‐month follow‐up. Seven self‐report measures of QOL were examined at baseline, 1‐month and 3‐month post‐treatments including health‐related and breast cancer‐specific QOL, fatigue, cognitive function, spirituality, distress, and sleep.ResultsThe Bonferroni method was used to correct for multiple comparisons, and alpha was adjusted to 0.01. Linear multilevel modeling analyses revealed less fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disturbance for LD and TD compared with WL across the follow‐up (p's < 0.01). Changes in fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbance, and health‐related and breast cancer‐related QOL were clinically significant. There were no differences between LD and TD.ConclusionsBoth the live and telemedicine delivered ERL intervention resulted in improvements in multiple QOL domains for breast cancer survivors compared with WL. Further, there were no significant differences between LD and TD, suggesting telemedicine delivered ERL intervention may represent an effective and viable option for cancer survivors in remote areas. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the IEEE 802.11i security: a denial‐of‐service perspective
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Sharma Teek Parval 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe IEEE 802.11i standard provides authentication and security at the Medium Access Control layer in wireless local area networks (WLANs). It involves an authentication process followed by a four‐way handshake to evolve a key for securing data sessions. The standard suffers under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. These attacks often block the ongoing communication process and deprive services to the legitimate users. These are easy to conduct while maintaining anonymity of the attackers. It hence becomes imperative to learn about the attacks and their solutions in IEEE 802.11i‐protected WLANs so that future research proposals and solutions to mitigate the attack may develop. The paper presents a review of DoS attacks and existing solutions pertaining to the IEEE 802.11i security standard. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ReDD: recommendation‐based data dissemination in privacy‐preserving mobile social networks
Authors: Chen Le , Lu Rongxing , AlHarbi Khalid , Lin Xiaodong , Cao Zhenfu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMobile social network (MSN), which is built upon popular smart phone devices and enables mobile users with similar interests to connect with one another, has received considerable attention in recent years. A common phenomenon that makes the MSN vivid today is mobile users often like to share attractive things to their friends in MSN. In this paper, based on this common phenomenon, we propose an efficient recommendation‐based data dissemination (ReDD) protocol for MSN, which can efficiently disseminate high‐quality messages in a privacy‐preserving way. Specifically, in the proposed ReDD protocol, each mobile user, based on both his or her own view and his or her friends' recommendations, will form his or her personal estimation on the quality of a message. Only if the estimation of quality reaches a threshold, the message will be disseminated. In this way, high‐quality messages can be widely spread in the network and occupy more network resources than low‐quality ones. In order to check the validity of friends' recommendations, ReDD also employs an efficient anonymous authentication technique, which ensures that only the friends of a user can verify recommendations made by the user. Detailed security analysis demonstrates that ReDD can effectively resist various attacks launched by attackers and ensure identity privacy of nodes, confidentiality of shared keys and integrity of data packets. In addition, extensive simulations are also conducted to evaluate the performance of ReDD in terms of the number of active nodes and the average active time, and the simulation results show that high‐quality messages can be disseminated widely and efficiently, while low‐quality ones will be eliminated shortly to avoid occupying network resources. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new secure and efficient scheme for network mobility management
Authors: Smaoui Salima , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Zarai Faouzi , Hsiao K. F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn order to separate a host's identity from its location on the Internet, the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force as a mobility management solution. HIP provides a solid basis to enable secured mobility and multihoming features. Several extensions and proposals have been introduced in recent publications to improve the micro‐mobility features of HIP. Moreover, many other publications have dealt with the efficiency of Network Mobility (NEMO) management with HIP. However, the HIP‐based micro‐mobility management solutions adapted to NEMO scenario do not cover all security aspects requirements and still suffer from security flaws. Therefore, in this paper, a number of potential threats in the typical HIP with Rendez Vous Server are identified. A new secure and efficient scheme for network mobility management is also proposed to overcome the outlined ones. The proposed solution ensures strong authentication between network entities, reduces Denial of Service attacks, secures against Domain Name Server spoofing, reply, and eavesdropping attacks, and ensures end‐to‐end confidentiality and integrity protection. To analyze the security properties of the proposed scheme, we have performed automated formal specification and evaluation with the help of both the Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications and the Security Protocol Animator, which have proved that authentication and confidentiality goals are achieved. Hence, the scheme is effective when an intruder is present. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innovation as system intervention
Authors: Hatchuel A. , Agrell P. , Van Gigch J. P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn a world of high technology, it is paramount to gain a thorough understanding of the factors and forces that shape and stimulate innovation. Herein, innovation is characterized as a process of organizational intervention where rationality is valued more for its process than for its results. An interactive dialectical process of learning leads to innovative solutions through the reconceptualization of models and of organizational logics. The roles of metamodeling and of metaknowledge in innovation are also outlined.
The ABL/W4 methodology for system modelling
Authors: Jaworski W. M. , Ficocelli L. , O'Mara K. S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an environment and a methodology for system modelling. The environment provides a powerful, language independent, infrastructure for the transformation of problems to programs. The methodology is designed to account for the representational distortions found throughout the various phases of problem refinement and resolution. It is thus useful within the software lifecycle and can form the infrastructure for the development of Expert Systems.
A transformational model of economies from late to post industrial periods
Authors: Auger Pierre 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA model of a set of interacting sectors is proposed. Dynamic equations governing the motions of sectoral productions are chosen. A supplementary equation establishing equilibrium of the national budget is obtained. The contradictory effects of technical change on the economic system are studied, as this change destroys employment by replacing men with machines and computers and also creates new sectors and employment. The paper studies a particular case of an economic system in which technical change globally destroys employment. Stimulation of the economic system can be done either by inducement to consumption or by inducement to production. In order to maintain total consumption and production, the paper shows that it is necessary to increase the purchase power of consumers and to create new sectors absorbing a lot of working hours per production unit. To obtain this, good quality products needing a lot of working hours must gradually replace all identical factory products needing less and less working hours.