bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of Clindamycin From a New Clindamycin Phosphate 1.2%–Benzoyl Peroxide 3% Combination Gel
Authors: Jones Terry M. , Jasper Stacy , Alió Sáenz Alessandra B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new topical fixed‐dose combination product containing clindamycin (1%, formulated as 1.2% clindamycin phosphate, CLNP 1.2%) with low strength (3%) benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in a methylparaben‐free gel vehicle (CLNP 1.2%–BPO 3%‐MPF) has been developed for the treatment of acne. The objective of this study was to determine the relative bioavailability of clindamycin and clindamycin sulfoxide from CLNP 1.2%–BPO 3%‐MPF compared with clindamycin phosphate 1.2%‐BPO 5% in a methylparaben‐preserved gel vehicle (CLNP 1.2%–BPO 5%‐MP) and clindamycin phosphate 1.2%–BPO 5% in a methylparaben‐free gel vehicle (CLNP 1.2%–BPO 5%‐MPF), and to determine whether exposure is affected by BPO concentration (3% vs. 5%) when applied topically. Seventy‐two subjects with moderate–severe acne were randomized to receive CLNP 1.2%‐BPO 3%‐MPF, CLNP 1.2%–BPO 5%‐MP, or CLNP 1.2%–BPO 5%‐MPF in a 5‐day, open‐label, and parallel‐group study. Cmax and AUC values for clindamycin were highest for CLNP 1.2%–BPO 5%‐MP, followed by CLNP 1.2%–BPO 3%‐MPF and CLNP 1.2%–BPO 5%‐MPF, but differences were not statistically significant. Systemic exposure to clindamycin and clindamycin sulfoxide was low and comparable between the formulations. Results indicate that differences in BPO concentration do not influence clindamycin bioavailability.
Electrooxidation in Alkaline Media of Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol on Pd‐(Ni‐Zn)/C Anodes in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells
Authors: Marchionni Andrea , Bevilacqua Manuela , Bianchini Claudio , Chen Yan‐Xin , Filippi Jonathan , Fornasiero Paolo , Lavacchi Alessandro , Miller Hamish , Wang Lianqin , Vizza Francesco 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInvited for this month’s cover is the group of Francesco Vizza at ICCOM‐CNR in Florence. The image shows a direct alcohol fuel cell that acts as a chemical reactor for the sustainable production of energy and chemicals. Read the full text of the article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201200866.
A computational platform for robotized fluorescence microscopy (I): High‐content image‐based cell‐cycle analysis
Authors: Furia Laura , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Faretta Mario 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHardware automation and software development have allowed a dramatic increase of throughput in both acquisition and analysis of images by associating an optimized statistical significance with fluorescence microscopy. Despite the numerous common points between fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM), the enormous amount of applications developed for the latter have found relatively low space among the modern high‐resolution imaging techniques. With the aim to fulfill this gap, we developed a novel computational platform named A.M.I.CO. (Automated Microscopy for Image‐Cytometry) for the quantitative analysis of images from widefield and confocal robotized microscopes. Thanks to the setting up of both staining protocols and analysis procedures, we were able to recapitulate many FCM assays. In particular, we focused on the measurement of DNA content and the reconstruction of cell‐cycle profiles with optimal parameters. Standard automated microscopes were employed at the highest optical resolution (200 nm), and white‐light sources made it possible to perform an efficient multiparameter analysis. DNA‐ and protein‐content measurements were complemented with image‐derived information on their intracellular spatial distribution. Notably, the developed tools create a direct link between image‐analysis and acquisition. It is therefore possible to isolate target populations according to a definite quantitative profile, and to relocate physically them for diffraction‐limited data acquisition. Thanks to its flexibility and analysis‐driven acquisition, A.M.I.CO. can integrate flow, image‐stream and laser‐scanning cytometry analysis, providing high‐resolution intracellular analysis with a previously unreached statistical relevance. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Gene–environment interaction between DRD4 7‐repeat VNTR and early child‐care experiences predicts self‐regulation abilities in prekindergarten
Authors: Berry Daniel , McCartney Kathleen , Petrill Stephen , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Blair Clancy 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntervention studies indicate that children's early child‐care experiences can be leveraged to foster their development of effective self‐regulation skills. It is less clear whether typical child‐care experiences play a similar role. In addition, evidence suggests that children with a common variant of the DRD4 gene (48‐bp VNTR, 7‐repeat) may be more sensitive to their experiences than those without this variant. Using data from theNICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we considered the degree to which children's early child‐care experiences—quantity, quality, and type—were associated with their attention and self‐regulation abilities in prekindergarten, and, in particular, whether these relations were conditional on DRD4 genotype. G × E interactions were evident across multiple neuropsychological and observational measures of children's attention and self‐regulation abilities. Across most outcome measures, DRD4 7+ children spending fewer hours in child care showed more effective attention/self‐regulation abilities. For those without a copy of the DRD4 7‐repeat allele, such associations were typically null. The results for child‐care quality and type indicated no interactions with genotype; the main‐effect associations were somewhat inconsistent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 373–391, 2014.
Boring sponges, an increasing threat for coral reefs affected by bleaching events
Authors: Carballo José L. , Bautista Eric , Nava Héctor , Cruz‐Barraza José A. , Chávez Jesus A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCoral bleaching is a stress response of corals induced by a variety of factors, but these events have become more frequent and intense in response to recent climate‐change‐related temperature anomalies. We tested the hypothesis that coral reefs affected by bleaching events are currently heavily infested by boring sponges, which are playing a significant role in the destruction of their physical structure. Seventeen reefs that cover the entire distributional range of corals along the Mexican Pacific coast were studied between 2005/2006, and later between 2009/2010. Most of these coral reefs were previously impacted by bleaching events, which resulted in coral mortalities. Sponge abundance and species richness was used as an indicator of bioerosion, and coral cover was used to describe the present condition of coral reefs. Coral reefs are currently highly invaded (46% of the samples examined) by a very high diversity of boring sponges (20 species); being the coral reef framework the substrate most invaded (56%) followed by the rubbles (45%), and the living colonies (36%). The results also indicated that boring sponges are promoting the dislodgment of live colonies and large fragments from the framework. In summary, the eastern coral reefs affected by bleaching phenomena, mainly provoked by El Niño, present a high diversity and abundance of boring sponges, which are weakening the union of the colony with the reef framework and promoting their dislodgment. These phenomena will probably become even more intense and severe, as temperatures are projected to continue to rise under the scenarios for future climate change, which could place many eastern coral reefs beyond their survival threshold.
Review and reinterpretation of Rio Grande silvery minnow reproductive ecology using egg biology, life history, hydrology, and geomorphology information
Authors: Nicolas Medley Carl , Shirey Patrick D. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTTo inform management actions to recover the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus, RGSM), we (1) calculated the terminal settling velocities of newly expelled and water‐hardened RGSM eggs for the observed range of suspended sediment concentrations and water temperatures in the Rio Grande, New Mexico, USA, and (2) reviewed RGSM reproductive ecology in the context of egg biology, the species' life history, and the historic and contemporary hydrology and geomorphology of the Rio Grande. Results show that in a naturally functioning riverine environment, the location and timing of spawning, the ontogenic stage of egg development, and habitat‐specific differences in sediment and temperature that influence egg‐settling rates interact to (1) prevent egg suffocation, (2) promote egg entrainment in clear, warm, productive floodplain habitats, and (3) limit downstream population displacement. Our research suggests that the RGSM is primarily a demersal, floodplain spawning species that evolved eggs that are secondarily buoyant in high‐sediment environments rather than a main channel, pelagic broadcast‐spawning species with an evolved long‐distance, downstream drift phase, as previously reported. The current high magnitude of egg drift is hypothesized to be an artefact of contemporary river management and channelization, leading to reduced lateral connectivity, floodplain abandonment, and habitat degradation. Conservation actions implemented to restore historic channel form and reconnect low‐velocity backwater and floodplain habitats are recommended. In the absence of a documented upstream migration of adult fish, removal of barriers to a presumed upstream movement is unlikely to provide immediate benefits to RGSM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael–Henry Acetalization of Glutaraldehyde and 3‐Aryl‐2‐nitroprop‐2‐enols: A Facile Entry to 3‐Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐2‐ones with Four Consecutive Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Hong Bor‐Cherng , Lan Ding‐Jyun , Dange Nitin S. , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Liao Ju‐Hsiou 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA convenient method was developed for the enantioselective (>99 % ee) synthesis of 3‐oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐2‐ones containing four consecutive stereogenic centers. The method comprises a cascade organocatalytic Michael–Henry acetalization–oxidation reaction of glutaraldehyde and 3‐aryl‐2‐nitroprop‐2‐enols. The structures and absolute configurations of the products were confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
A Microfluidic Cell Size/Density Sensor by Resistive Pulse Detection
Authors: Sun Jiashu , Kang Yuejun , Boczko Erik M. , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe developed a microfluidic resistive pulse‐based cell sensor driven by a syringe pump and a small electric field to precisely count and size yeast and E. coli, as well as measure their density. The microfluidic sensor consisted of one small sensing aperture (10 µm×8 µm cross‐section and 15 µm long) and four side channels. Two side channels were designed to apply a small voltage across the aperture, and the other two were connected to a commercial differential amplifier to detect the trans‐aperture voltage modulation caused by cells. Yeast cells were delivered to the resistive pulse sensor through the syringe pump at different flow rates. The measured yeast cell density before dilution was 3.53×108 cells/mL with the average diameter of 3.30 µm (18.83 µm3 in volume) at 1 nL/s, and 3.46×108 cells/mL with the average diameter of 3.40 µm (20.49 µm3 in volume) at 10 nL/s. The same device was used to analyze a population of E. coli, yielding the average volume of 5.36 µm3 and density of 1.79×106 cells/mL. We expect this simple and versatile resistive pulse‐based sensor would have potential to realize on‐site and on‐line cell analysis.
The Enhanced Enzymolysis Resistance of Surface‐Immobilized DNA Caused by Hybridizing with Morpholino
Authors: Cao Lei , Zhao Yun , Ji Li‐Na , Zhang Jing , Wang Kang , Xia Xing‐Hua 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe anti‐enzymolysis capability of surface attached DNA, morpholino (MO) single strands, and DNA‐DNA, MO‐DNA double strands are studied using cyclic voltammetry. Results show that MO, the neutral analog of DNA, bears strong anti‐enzymolysis capability against DNase I and can protect its complementary DNA from being decomposed. Only 15 % of the DNA in the MO‐DNA double strands is decomposed within 20 min, which is much lower than that for DNA‐DNA double strands (100 % in 400 s). Fluorescence polarization measurements suggest that the steric hindrance of MO is the main cause of the improved anti‐enzymolysis ability of DNA in MO‐DNA double strands.
Suicidal ideation in family carers of people with dementia: a pilot study
Authors: O'Dwyer Siobhan T. , Moyle Wendy , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie , De Leo Diego 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of this pilot study was to gather preliminary evidence on suicidal ideation in family carers of people with dementia.MethodsAn online, cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 120 family carers, the majority of whom were located in Australia and USA. The survey included measures of suicidality, self‐efficacy, physical health, depression, hopelessness, anxiety, optimism, caregiver burden, coping strategies and social support.ResultsTwenty‐six percent of carers had contemplated suicide more than once in the previous year. Only half of these had ever told someone they might commit suicide and almost 30% said they were likely to attempt suicide in the future. Carers who had contemplated suicide had poorer mental health, lower self‐efficacy for community support service use and greater use of dysfunctional coping strategies than those who had not. In a logistic regression, only depression predicted the presence of suicidal thoughts.ConclusionsA significant number of people might contemplate suicide while caring for a family member with dementia. Although more research is required to confirm this finding, there are clear implications for policy and clinical practice in terms of identifying and supporting carers who are already contemplating suicide. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When will the summer Arctic be nearly sea ice free?
Authors: Overland James E. , Wang Muyin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe observed rapid loss of thick multiyear sea ice over the last 7 years and the September 2012 Arctic sea ice extent reduction of 49% relative to the 1979–2000 climatology are inconsistent with projections of a nearly sea ice‐free summer Arctic from model estimates of 2070 and beyond made just a few years ago. Three recent approaches to predictions in the scientific literature are as follows: (1) extrapolation of sea ice volume data, (2) assuming several more rapid loss events such as 2007 and 2012, and (3) climate model projections. Time horizons for a nearly sea ice‐free summer for these three approaches are roughly 2020 or earlier, 2030 ± 10 years, and 2040 or later. Loss estimates from models are based on a subset of the most rapid ensemble members. It is not possible to clearly choose one approach over another as this depends on the relative weights given to data versus models. Observations and citations support the conclusion that most global climate model results in the CMIP5 archive are too conservative in their sea ice projections. Recent data and expert opinion should be considered in addition to model results to advance the very likely timing for future sea ice loss to the first half of the 21st century, with a possibility of major loss within a decade or two.
Control of Fiat (factor inhibiting ATF4‐mediated transcription) expression by Sp family transcription factors in osteoblasts
Authors: Hekmatnejad Bahareh , Gauthier Claude , St‐Arnaud René 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFIAT (factor inhibiting ATF4‐mediated transcription) represses Osteocalcin gene transcription and inhibits osteoblast activity by heterodimerizing with ATF4 to prevent it from binding DNA. It thus appears important to identify and characterize the molecular mechanisms that control Fiat gene expression in osteoblasts. In silico sequence analysis identified a canonical GC‐box within a 1,400 bp region of the proximal Fiat gene promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) with MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells nuclear extracts indicated that the transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3, but not Sp7/OSTERIX, bound this proximal GC‐box. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed interaction of the two transcription factors with the Fiat promoter GC‐element in living osteoblasts. Transient transfection studies showed that Sp1 dose‐dependently activated the expression of a Fiat‐luciferase reporter construct while both the long or short isoforms of Sp3 dose‐dependently inhibited transcription from the Fiat reporter construct. Transfection of an Sp7/OSTERIX expression vector did not affect expression of the Fiat‐luciferase reporter. Co‐transfection of increasing amounts of the Sp3 expression vector in the context of maximal Sp1‐dependent Fiat‐luciferase activation led to dose‐dependent repression of the expression of the reporter. Using RNA knockdown, we measured a reduction in steady‐state Fiat expression when Sp1 was inhibited, and a reciprocal increase upon Sp3 knockdown. In parallel, treatment of osteoblasts with WP631, which prevents Sp1/DNA interactions, strongly inhibited the expression of Fiat and reduced the occupancy of the Fiat promoter proximal GC‐box by Sp1. Taken together, our results suggest an interplay between Sp1and Sp3 as a mechanism involved in the control of Fiat gene expression in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1863–1870, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined activity of post‐exercise concentrations of NA and eHsp72 on human neutrophil function: Role of cAMP
Authors: Giraldo Esther , Hinchado María D. , Ortega Eduardo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractExtracellular heat shock proteins of 72 kDa (eHsp72) and noradrenaline (NA) can act as “danger signals” during exercise‐induced stress by activating neutrophil function (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and fungicidal capacity). In addition, post‐exercise concentrations of NA increase the expression and release of Hsp72 by human neutrophils, and adrenoreceptors and cAMP are involved in the stimulation of neutrophils by eHsp72. This suggests an interaction between the two molecules in the modulation of neutrophils during exercise‐induced stress. Given this context, the aim of the present investigation was to study the combined activity of post‐exercise circulating concentrations of NA and eHsp72 on the neutrophil phagocytic process, and to evaluate the role of cAMP as intracellular signal in these effects. Results showed an accumulative stimulation of chemotaxis induced by NA and eHsp72. However, while NA and eHsp72, separately, stimulate the phagocytosis and fungicidal activity of neutrophils, when they act together they do not modify these capacities of neutrophils. Similarly, post‐exercise concentrations of NA and eHsp72 separately increased the intracellular level of cAMP, but NA and eHsp72 acting together did not modify the intracellular concentration of cAMP. These results confirm that cAMP can be involved in the autocrine/paracrine physiological regulation of phagocytosis and fungicidal capacity of human neutrophils mediated by NA and eHsp72 in the context of exercise‐induced stress. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1902–1906, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C6orf89 encodes three distinct HDAC enhancers that function in the nucleolus, the golgi and the midbody
Authors: Lalioti Vasiliki S. , Vergarajauregui Silvia , Villasante Alfredo , Pulido Diego , Sandoval Ignacio V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report here that C6orf89, which encodes a protein that interacts with bombesin receptor subtype‐3 and accelerates cell cycle progression and wound repair in human bronchial epithelial cells (Liu et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6: e23072), encodes one soluble and two type II membrane proteins that function as histone deacetylases (HDAC) enhancers. Soluble 34/64sp is selectively targeted to the nucleolus and is retained in nucleolar organiser regions (NORs) in mitotic cells. Nucleolar 34/64sp is integrated into the ribosomal gene transcription machinery, colocalises and coimmunoprecipitates with the Pol I transcription factor UBF, and undergoes a dramatic relocalisation to the nucleolus upon the arrest of rDNA transcription, protein synthesis and PI3K/mTORC2 signalling. Membrane 42/116mp localises to the Golgi and the midbody, and its controlled ectopic expression provokes the disruption of the Golgi cisternae and hinders the separation of daughter cells and the completion of mitosis. The latter effect is also produced by the microinjection of an affinity‐purified amfion antibody. The identification of C60rf89 as a gene that encodes three distinct proteins with the capacity to enhance the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the nucleolus, the Golgi and the midbody provides new information regarding the components of the acetylome and their capacity to interact with different functional groups in the cell. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1907–1921, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corrosion protection of Mg‐Zn‐Y‐Nd alloy by flower‐like nanostructuredTiO2film for vascular stent application
Authors: Hou Shusen , Mi Liwei , Wang Liguo , Zhu Shijie , Hu Junhua , Ding Qi , Guan Shaokang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe highin vivocorrosion rate of magnesium alloy vascular stents is a primary problem. SmoothTiO2film has excellent antithrombotic properties and could improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy stents. Research into special nanostructuredTiO2film, which may provide improved biocompatibility and act as a drug carrier, has seldom been reported in vascular stent applications.RESULTSFlower‐like nanostructuredTiO2film was prepared on Mg‐Zn‐Y‐Nd alloy substrate by an improved solvothermal method. AqueousNH4Fsolution and hydrofluoric acid were added to ethanol solvent to adjust the hydrolysis rate of titanium butoxide, and thus theTiO2nanostructure size. This reaction system was suitable for magnesium alloy due to its non‐corrosive characteristic. Under properly chosen hydrolysis conditions, compactTiO2film consisting of continuous flower‐like nanostructures was obtained on substrate, with single sheet thickness of 50–100 nm. The charge transfer resistance of Mg‐Zn‐Y‐Nd alloy in simulated body fluids was increased about 40 times by the nanostructuredTiO2film.CONCLUSIONSThrough a solvothermal synthesis process, nanostructuredTiO2film can be prepared on the surface of Mg‐Zn‐Y‐Nd alloy. Corrosion resistance of Mg‐Zn‐Y‐Nd alloy in simulated body fluids can be improved by protection with theTiO2film. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Pharmacological potentials of Syzygium cumini: a review
Authors: Srivastava Shalini , Chandra Deepak 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine, and these drugs are gaining popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and lesser side effects. Syzygium cumini (syn. Eugenia jambolana, Syzygium jambolana, Eugenia cumini, Syzygium jambos), commonly known as jamun in India, is an evergreen tree distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Africa. It is mainly utilised as a fruit producer and for its timber. Medicinally, the fruit is reported to have antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic, antioxidant, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, antiallergic, antiarthritic, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antifertility, antipyretic, antiplaque, radioprotective, neuropsychopharmacological, nephroprotective and antidiarrhoeal activities. Among these beneficial physiological effects, the antidiabetic property of S. cumini has the most promising nutraceutical value. The health‐beneficial effects of S. cumini are mainly attributed to various phytoconstituents such as tannins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenols, minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins present in the fruit. This review paper presents an overview of experimental evidence for the pharmacological potential of S. cumini. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry