bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and phosphorus interactions at a 21 nitrogen:1 phosphorus Redfield‐like ratio impact growth and seed yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Marques da Silva S. S. , Faizullah L. , Guignard M. S. , Orcen N. , Ruban A. V. , Rudall P. J. , Trimmer M. , Nichols R. A. , Leitch I. J. , Leitch A. R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfficient use of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is essential to reduce fertilizer costs and nutrient pollution and to lower the carbon footprint of agriculture. This requires a better understanding of N and P limitations on photosynthesis and biomass generation in one of the world's most important crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum). In a fully factorial nutrient experiment, we find that the limiting nutrient, N or P, at a Redfield‐like N:P ratio (21N:1P molar) produces the ‘effective dose of fertilizer’ for the generation of above‐ground biomass (seed or vegetative). Best‐fit structural equation models showed that neither N nor P applied in excess of 21N:1P led to any increase in biomass. The light (qP, NPQ) and dark (Amax, Vcmax, Jmax) reactions of photosynthesis are also constrained by the limiting nutrient at the 21N:1P Redfield‐like ratio. Beyond this ratio, ‘excess N’ or ‘excess P’ had no effects. The direct effects of the ‘effective dose of fertilizer’ on the accumulation of biomass were stronger than its indirect effects via photosynthesis, likely driven by the N and P costs in building nucleic acids needed for cell division, cell maintenance and RNA transcription. Modern composite fertilizers are typically provided at a much higher P content than a 21N:1P ratio, potentially resulting in a huge global wastage of P, a finite resource, with all the concomitant costs to the farmer, consumer and the environment.
Natural active products in fruit postharvest preservation: A review
Authors: Sun Yufeng , Tao Ran , Ju Yang , Duan Jiajing , Xie Qinfei , Fan Bei , Wang Fengzhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAbundantly available plants, animals, and microbes are excellent source of active substance to be used as fruit preservatives to delay postharvest fruit from decay, maintain good quality, and increase the shelf life. Although they are effective and free from toxicological risks, the use of the natural active products in agriculture is still limited due to the high cost of producing, complexity interaction in food matrix, and unacceptance of odor. This review focuses on employing naturally occurring bioactive compounds as an alternative to the synthetic preservatives used in fruit. For this purpose, natural compounds from abundantly available source, such as plants, animals, and microbes, are systematically described for their properties, mechanism of action, and applicability. Different postharvest handling of bioactive compounds and mechanism of their triggered/controlled release properties are discussed, especially with regard to challenge and future directions of these new strategy to preserve fruit in industry. This review offers a fundamental theory and technologies to develop the efficient and safe alternative strategies to synthetic fruits preservatives. Overall, the utilization of natural preservative techniques offers promising opportunities to maintain quality and extend shelf life of fruit, with potential applications in various industries such as vegetables, meat, and processed food.
An efficient direct‐forcing immersed boundary method for flow around a pair of spheres
Authors: Lo Der Chang , Lee Katherine , Shen Pao‐Lan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe numerical study of flow around a pair of spheres and a square array of spheres is investigated by using a direct‐forcing immersed boundary method. Using high resolution three‐dimensional computations, we analyzed the flow around several configurations: a sphere, a pair of spheres in a tandem arrangement with center‐to‐center streamwise ratio L/D ranging from 1 to 6, and a square array with 9 spheres in a uniform arrangement. In the latter case, we explore the ratio of array diameter (DG) to sphere diameter (D) at 4, 5, 6 and 7. The center‐to‐center streamwise and transverse pitch is the same, varied from L/D = 1.5, 2, 2.5 to 3, and they were arranged in a square periodic array to allow uniform distribution within the array. Based on the effective direct‐forcing immersed boundary projection method, the fractional time marching methodology is applied for solving four field variables involving three velocities and one pressure component. The pressure Poisson equation is advanced in space by using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and a tridiagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA), effectively solving for the diagonally dominant tridiagonal matrix equations. A direct‐forcing immersed boundary method is involved to treat the interfacial terms by adding the appropriate sources as force function at the boundary, separating the phases. Geometries featuring the stationary solid obstacles in the flow are embedded in the Cartesian grid with special discretizations near the embedded boundary using a discrete Dirac delta function to ensure the accuracy of the solution in the cut cells. An important characteristic of flow over the multiple spheres is devised by comparing with the drag and lift coefficients, as well as vortex shedding.
Bone marrow niches for hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Pereira Ana Luísa , Galli Serena , Nombela‐Arrieta César 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the cornerstone of the hematopoietic system. HSCs sustain the continuous generation of mature blood derivatives while self‐renewing to preserve a relatively constant pool of progenitors throughout life. Yet, long‐term maintenance of functional HSCs exclusively takes place in association with their native tissue microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM). HSCs have been long proposed to reside in fixed and identifiable anatomical units found in the complex BM tissue landscape, which control their identity and fate in a deterministic manner. In the last decades, tremendous progress has been made in the dissection of the cellular and molecular fabric of the BM, the structural organization governing tissue function, and the plethora of interactions established by HSCs. Nonetheless, a holistic model of the mechanisms controlling HSC regulation in their niche is lacking to date. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of BM anatomy, HSC localization, and crosstalk within local cellular neighborhoods in murine and human tissues, and highlight fundamental open questions on how HSCs functionally integrate in the BM microenvironment.
Angiogenesis‐elicited spectral responses of early invasive skin melanoma: Implications for the evaluation of lesion progression
Authors: Baranoski Gladimir V. G. , Varsa Petri M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarly invasive skin melanoma (EISM) associated with partial tumor invasion to the thin and optically complex papillary dermis (PD) represents a critical stage before the onset of metastasis. EISM lesions may be accompanied by angiogenesis, which can alter the PD's blood and fibril contents. A comprehensive understanding about these interconnected processes is essential for enhancing the efficacy of EISM optical evaluation methodologies. Employing a first‐principles computational approach supported by measured data, we systematically assess the impact that angiogenesis can have on the EISM's spectral responses. Our findings indicate that these responses are discernibly affected by angiogenesis under distinct physiological conditions, with more substantial tissue alterations leading to accentuated spectral changes in the 550–600 nm region. Accordingly, we propose the use of a customized low‐cost spectral index to monitor these processes. Furthermore, our investigation provides a high‐fidelity in silico platform for interdisciplinary research on the photobiology of evolving skin melanomas.
Novel method for assessing sinusoidal obstruction syndrome using four‐dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Shimoyama‐Ibuki Saori , Iyama Satoshi , Ohashi Yoshiya , Ono Kento , Sugama Yusuke , Fujita Chisa , Goto Akari , Horiguchi Hiroto , Fujimi Akihito , Tanaka Takeo , Takada Kohichi , Sakata Koh‐Ichi , Kobune Masayoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo diagnose sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno‐occlusive disease (SOS/VOD), transabdominal ultrasonography is usually used to detect hemodynamic changes, but we tried to detect the changes using four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT). A 42‐year‐old Japanese woman was diagnosed with late‐onset SOS/VOD with transabdominal ultrasonography and was also assessed using 4D‐CT. Method We analyzed the portal vein (PV) contrast effect every 1.5 seconds and plotted the values of the contrast effect. With this graph, we analyzed three hemodynamic parameters.ResultWe found that these parameters correlated with the patient's status and indicated stasis due to sinusoid constriction.Conclusion4D‐CT may become a helpful tool to diagnose and follow up with SOS/VOD.
Risk factors for the failure of re‐implanted dental implants: A 20‐year retrospective study
Authors: Kim Cheol‐Min , Lee Jong‐Bin , Um Heung‐Sik , Lee Jae‐Kwan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundRe‐implantation of failed implants is common to maintain the original prosthetic plan; however, it may not always be ideal due to various factors. Few studies have thoroughly investigated the outcomes of re‐implanted implants, while considering factors that can enhance their survival rates. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors that may contribute to the refailure of implants placed the second time by analyzing previously failed implants and evaluating their survival.MethodsOf 10,666 dental implants placed in 4063 patients at the Department of Periodontics of the Gangneung–Wonju National University Dental Hospital between December 1999 and March 2021, 259 failed implants in 170 patients were evaluated through clinical and radiographic records for patient‐, surgical‐, implant‐, and prosthesis‐related factors; survival analysis was conducted for implants that met the inclusion criteria.ResultsOf the 259 failed implants, 80 second‐time–placed implants met the inclusion criteria. Survival analysis showed that the 1‐year survival rate of second‐time–placed implants was 88.1%. Smoking (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.066, p = 0.081), implant surface (HR = 18.776, p < 0.01), and timing of reimplantation (HR = 0.086, p < 0.01) were identified as risk factors influencing the refailure of second‐time–placed implants.ConclusionsThe survival rate of second‐time–placed implants was lower than that of first‐time–placed implants. The risk factors for second‐time–placed implant failure were smoking, implant surface, and timing of reimplantation. To prevent further failure, previous failure factors should be analyzed and modifiable risk factors must be controlled before reimplantation.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer is associated with better outcomes than neoadjuvant chemoradiation
Authors: Takahashi Hideo , Nakauchi Masaya , Hiotis Spiros , Datta Rajiv 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionNational Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines recommend neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) or chemoradiation (CRTx) for advanced resectable gastric cancer, irrespective of the tumor location. The aim of this study is to compare survival benefits between neoadjuvant CTx and CRTx using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsUsing the NCDB, we retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent gastrectomy after neoadjuvant CRTx or CTx between 2004 and 2018.ResultsThe cohort included 14 266 patients, with 6458 (45.3%) receiving neoadjuvant CTx and 7808 (54.7%) receiving neoadjuvant CRTx. Both treatment groups exhibited significant differences in various demographic and clinical factors, including sex, age, race, tumor locations, stages, and adjuvant treatment (all p < 0.001). While the complete pathological response was more prevalent in the CRTx group (p < 0.001), overall survival (OS) was significantly extended in the CTx group (p < 0.001). Subgroup survival analyses, accounting for tumor location and clinical/pathological stage, consistently revealed longer OS in the CTx group (p < 0.001). The direct comparison showed an approximately 20%−30% improved 5‐year OS in the CTx group across the majority of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T/N category tables. Multivariate analysis confirmed neoadjuvant CTx was an independent protective factor (hazard ratio = 0.811; p < 0.001). A nomogram for OS based on multivariate analysis was also proposed, revealing a significant improvement in the c‐index compared to the current AJCC staging (0.654 vs. 0.596).ConclusionsPatients undergoing neoadjuvant CRTx demonstrated significantly shorter survival compared to patients undergoing CTx at the same stage. The current AJCC staging may lead to an overestimation of survival in patients with neoadjuvant CRTx.
Identification of risk factors for postoperative persistent hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma
Authors: Lu Shiyang , Wang Chao , Tian Xueyan , Zhang Tong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical resection is the primary management for pheochromocytoma. However, some patients with pheochromocytoma still suffer from hypertension after successful adrenalectomy. The risk factors for postoperative persistent hypertension remain unclear. Thus the aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors of postoperative persistent hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma concomitant with hypertension.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 259 patients with pheochromocytoma who underwent adrenalectomy in our hospital between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018. Patients' demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative data were recorded. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were measured through binary logistic regression. The cutoff values and the area under the curve (AUC) for continuous risk factors of persistent hypertension after adrenalectomy were calculated through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsOf the 259 patients, 40.9% (106/259) patients experienced postoperative persistent hypertension. Three independent risk factors of persistent hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma after adrenalectomy were found to be older age (OR = 1.16, p = 0.037), longer duration of hypertension (OR = 3.10, p = 0.01), and concomitance with cardiovascular events (yes vs. no, OR = 17.17, p = 0.049). The cutoff value of age and duration of hypertension was 66 years (AUC = 0.741, p < 0.0001) and 27 months (AUC = 0.991, p < 0.0001), respectively.ConclusionsCollectively, older age, a longer duration of hypertension, and concomitance with cardiovascular events were independent risk factors of persistent hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma after adrenalectomy. These findings may help in improving perioperative management and follow‐up strategies.
Pandemic‐induced uncertainty and tourism demand: Evidence on the moderator effect of democratic institutions
Authors: Kizilkaya Oktay , Kocak Emrah , Ulug Eyup Emre , Yucel Ali G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the mitigating effect of democratic institutions in the nexus of tourism and pandemic‐induced uncertainty in 24 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries. Utilizing dynamic panel data analysis in the modeling process, the findings reveal that increased pandemic‐related uncertainty in the target market negatively affects the tourism demand. However, the presence of democratic institutions in the destination country positively affects the tourism demand. Finally, democratic institutions help mitigate the negative effects of pandemic uncertainty on tourism demand. The research highlights that a democratic destination can provide a more favorable environment for tourism development amid pandemic uncertainty.
Examining the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and sexual risk‐taking in dually diagnosed adolescents
Authors: Lahoti Aakanksha , Berny Lauren M. , Tanner‐Smith Emily E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrior research has identified traumatic experiences and substance use as risk factors for adolescent engagement in sexual risk‐taking; however, these studies have relied upon subthreshold or non–dually diagnosed samples. The present study examined differences in sexual risk behaviors between adolescents with a substance use disorder (SUD) and co‐occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) versus those with an SUD and another co‐occurring psychiatric disorder. Participants were 269 adolescents who met the clinical screening criteria for an SUD and at least one psychiatric disorder. Bivariate comparisons and generalized linear models were used to compare sexual risk behaviors in participants with co‐occurring PTSD (30.0%) and those with a different psychiatric disorder (70.0%). Participants with co‐occurring PTSD were twice as likely to have multiple sex partners during the same period compared to those without PTSD, odds ratio (OR) = 2.35, p = .012. They also reported, on average, over twice the incidence rate of unprotected sexual encounters, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.06, p = .034, and a 51.0% higher incidence of sexual risk behaviors, IRR = 1.51, p = .008, than participants without co‐occurring PTSD. The results suggest dually diagnosed adolescents with co‐occurring PTSD are more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors than those with a different co‐occurring disorder, placing them at higher risk for adverse health effects, such as sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies. As such, this population is likely to benefit from targeted trauma‐informed sexual health education programs focused on sexual risk reduction.
Design and study of hybrid BI insurance contracts with interruption compensation, reward, and penalty under adverse selection
Authors: Ma Benjiang , Jian Kang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAiming at the adverse selection problem in the BI insurance market under asymmetric information, this paper designs a hybrid BI insurance contract with interruption compensation, reward, and penalty based on the principal‐agent theory. It is found that regardless of the existence of two or more risk types in the BI insurance market, the hybrid BI insurance contract will be a strict Pareto improvement of the traditional partial insurance contract that is replicated twice. Meanwhile, we validate and extend the above conclusions through an arithmetic example, which provides more comprehensive theoretical support for insurance companies to design new BI insurance.
Predicting the yield envelope of sandstones from mechanical and microstructural properties
Authors: Khoury Julien , Boutareaud Sébastien , Pijaudier‐Cabot Gilles 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of predicting the yield curves of sandstones considering only a few key mechanical parameters, and more importantly microstructural properties. Porous rocks are modeled as a set of 2D circular grains subjected to radial and axial stresses that reflect the external forces applied on the material. The contact between individual grains define local planes. The sample is assumed to yield at the inception of nonlinear response on one of these planes, when local stresses reach either shear, tensile, or compressive limit values. A Mohr–Coulomb criterion is considered, with a tensile cutoff and a limitation on the maximum allowable shear stress. The parameters of the developed yield equations are then divided into two groups. The first category relates to the microstructure of the material: porosity, grain radius, intergranular contacts radius, and intensification factor. The second category contains a set of four mechanical properties: the cohesion, the friction angle, the maximum shear, and the compressive limit. While the first set differs from one sandstone to another, the second one is assumed to be the same for all sandstones showing similar mineral compositions. The experimental data for five sandstones, Berea, Boise, Darley Dale, Diemelstadt, and Rothbach, are gathered from the literature. The mechanical parameters are calculated based on Rothbach sandstone experimental data. Satisfactory predictions of the yield limits for the remaining sandstones are obtained from their microstructural characteristics.
‘Life Will Be Very Different after the War’: Administrative, Political and Academic Tensions in the Development of Papua New Guinea after the Second World War
Authors: Gray Geoffrey 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAt the end of the Pacific War (1941–1945) in Papua and New Guinea and the restoration of Australian rule, the Australian Labor government anticipated a self‐governing colony. It was not an act of decolonisation per se. Rather it was a step toward a self‐governing colony under the umbrella of Australia. Independence was for the future. The change of government at the end of 1949, and the replacement of the administrator J.K. Murray in 1952 by Donald Cleland, further weakened the momentum for reform as envisaged by the previous Labor government. Percy Spender, the new Minister for External Affairs and Territories, said that the ‘indigenous inhabitants … will be unable, for many years to come, to play any part in the executive government of the country’. The abandonment of the Ward policy and what it explicitly and implicitly offered was a betrayal of the promises made during and shortly after the Pacifc War, that is, that there would be change for the better and New Guineans would be able to control their destiny.
Population‐level 5‐year event‐free survival for children with cancer in Australia
Authors: Youlden Danny R. , Baade Peter D. , Gottardo Nicolas G. , Moore Andrew S. , Valery Patricia C. , Pole Jason D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvent‐free survival (EFS) considers other adverse events in addition to mortality. It therefore provides a more complete understanding of the effectiveness and consequences of treatment than standard survival measures, but is rarely reported at the population level for childhood cancer.ProcedureOur study cohort (n = 7067) was obtained from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry, including children aged under 15 diagnosed with cancer between 2006 and 2015, with follow‐up potentially available to 31 December 2020. The events of interest were relapse following remission, progressive disease, diagnosis of a second primary cancer or death from any cause. Five‐year EFS and all‐cause observed survival were both calculated, stratified by type of childhood cancer, remoteness of residence and stage at diagnosis. Differences in EFS were assessed using multivariable flexible parametric models.ResultsApproximately one quarter of patients (n = 1605 of 7067, 23%) experienced at least one of the events of interest within 5 years of diagnosis. Relapse was twice as common for children with metastatic/advanced disease (22%) versus children with localised/limited cancers (11%). Overall 5‐year EFS was 75.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.9%–76.0%), compared to 85.8% observed survival (95% CI: 85.0%–86.6%). Patients with other gliomas had the lowest EFS (35.4%, 95% CI: 27.8%–43.1%). EFS was significantly lower among children with acute myeloid leukaemia in outer regional/remote areas compared to major cities (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.20–3.00).ConclusionsReporting EFS at a population level provides further insight on a wider range of impacts apart from mortality alone, contributing towards efforts to improve the management and outcomes of childhood cancer.