bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of high solid content waterborne polyurethanes with controllable bimodal particle size distribution
Authors: Peng ShaoJun , Jin Yong , Sun Tongbing , Qi Rui , Fan BaoZhu , Cheng XinFeng 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA series of waterborne polyurethane dispersions were synthesized by one‐pot reaction and step‐wise reaction, respectively. The effects of synthetic methods and DMPA content on the particle size distribution (PSD), solid contents and viscosity were studied by laser particle size analyzer, Brookfield viscometer and TEM analysis. High solid content and low viscosity waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) with controllable bimodal PSD were prepared by one‐pot reaction using 2,2‐dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as the only self‐emulsifier. Meanwhile, 40% solid content WPUs with unimodal PSD were obtained by step‐wise reaction at the same formula. With the increment of DMPA content, the ratio of large particles to small particles decreased and two peaks of the particle size finally became one peak by one‐pot reaction while the PSD remained unimodal by step‐wise reaction. The reason leading to the difference of PSD between one‐pot reaction and step‐wise reaction was analyzed and the relationships among PSD, viscosity and solid content were discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40420.
Nanostructured polystyrene films engineered by plasma processes: Surface characterization and stem cell interaction
Authors: Mattioli Samantha , Martino Sabata , D'Angelo Francesco , Emiliani Carla , Kenny Josè Maria , Armentano Ilaria 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work we showed the promising perspectives offered by the radiofrequency plasma processes on polymeric substrates. Polystyrene (PS) films with micropatterned grooves and nanostructured roughness were developed by Oxygen plasma treatment coupled with mask, and t process parameters, as power supply and treatment time were modulated. Then, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a‐C:H) coatings (∼30 nm thickness) were deposited by methane radiofrequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf‐PECVD) on the polymer surface. Oxygen modified PS surface showed improved wettability, roughness and etching rate by increasing the power supply and the treatment time. Uniform and patterned bi‐layer films show a regular surface morphology, uniform chemical properties, with a contact angle to water of 77°, a surface energy of 51.15 mN m−1 and good stability in physiological conditions. Nanoindentation measurements revealed a decrease of the bi‐layer friction coefficient from 0.76 of PS to 0.17, highlighting the improvement of the nanomechanical properties of the novel developed system. Interaction with human bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cells demonstrates that uniform and patterned PS based films are biocompatible surfaces and remarkable, that groove patterned substrates induce stem cell alignment and elongation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40427.
Control of hydration and degradation properties of triblock copolymers polycaprolactone‐b‐polydimethylsiloxane‐b‐polycaprolactone
Authors: Azemar Fabrice , Faÿ Fabienne , Réhel Karine , Linossier Isabelle 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study are to observe the effects of the introduction of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the hydration and degradation of aliphatic polyesters in water, such as poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). The mechanism of PCL degradation in water is well known, and PDMS is a nonbiodegradable and hydrophobic polymer. The ligation of these two polymers should allow the synthesis of new polymers with hybrid properties in terms of degradation and surface energy. The deterioration in water should be controlled by the ratio of each polymer. The triblock copolymers were synthesized through ring opening polymerization with stannous octanoate as the catalyst. A film of each copolymer was prepared and immersed in distilled water to study their aging. Kinetic results of hydration and degradation show that the addition of PDMS on PCL does not change the profiles of hydration and degradation. But the variation of the structure of the triblock (molecular weight or ratio of each block) allows to increase or decrease the rate of hydration, so as to control its degradation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40431.
A Remote Sensing Perspective on Shoreline Modification, Canal Construction and Household Trajectories at Pineland along Florida's Southwestern Gulf Coast
Authors: Thompson Victor D. , Marquardt William H. , Walker Karen J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2011, we initiated a geophysical survey of the Pineland Site Complex. The complex is comprised of two imposing residential midden‐mound groups, two sand burial mounds and several linear (and other) middens along previous shorelines, and a canal system that not only integrated features within the site complex, but also served to connect it to the interior of Pine Island and beyond. For 25 years, archaeologists associated with the Florida Museum of Natural History have conducted extensive investigations at the Complex, clarifying the site's intertwined environmental and human histories. Our research presented here provides additional data to confirm some of the hypotheses generated by this previous research. The geophysical results support previous ideas regarding formation and occupation of former shorelines by Pineland's early fisher–gatherer–hunters. Second, they provide better definition of a small, later‐period secondary canal, a component of the canal system. Most notably, the geophysical survey provides a basis for studying changes in household composition over time via the identification of house patterns in the resulting imaged data. We provide some speculations regarding this shift in residence patterns, suggesting that alterations may have been coeval with environmental changes. These changes may have set the stage for subsequent large‐scale cooperative labour projects, such as Pineland's waterways. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief Report: Alternative Activation of Laser‐Captured Murine Hemophagocytes
Authors: Canna Scott W. , Costa‐Reis Patrícia , Bernal William E. , Chu Niansheng , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Paessler Michele E. , Behrens Edward M. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveHemophagocytes (HPCs) are activated macrophages that have engulfed other hematopoietic cells. Although HPCs are rarely identified in normal spleen tissue and bone marrow, an excess of these macrophages characterizes many cytokine storm syndromes, particularly macrophage activation syndrome and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This study was undertaken to assess the functions of HPCs and their significance in acute inflammatory conditions.MethodsHPCs were generated in wild‐type mice using repeated stimulation with Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9) and interleukin‐10 receptor blockade. RNA was extracted from HPCs that had been isolated by laser‐captured microdissection. Transcriptional profiles of the HPCs were then compared to those of resting splenic macrophages. In addition, bone marrow samples were obtained from a diverse cohort of patients in whom excess hemophagocytosis was identified by clinical bone marrow biopsy or aspiration. The bone marrow samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for markers of classic (CD64) or alternative (CD163 and CD206) macrophage activation.ResultsDifferential gene expression and gene set enrichment analyses of murine HPCs identified up‐regulation of genes and gene sets associated with alternative activation of HPCs. Immunohistochemical analyses of HPCs in human bone marrow samples showed universal staining of HPCs for CD163, but rarely for CD206 or CD64.ConclusionLaser‐captured murine TLR‐9–induced HPCs had a transcriptional profile similar to that of alternatively activated macrophages. In addition, HPC expression of CD163 was confirmed in a uniquely diverse cohort of patients with hemophagocytic syndromes. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that HPCs have both immunoregulatory and clean‐up functions.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist on postoperative complications
Authors: Bergs J , Hellings J , Cleemput I , Zurel Ö , De Troyer V , Van Hiel M , Demeere J-L , Claeys D , Vandijck D 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) surgical safety checklist (SSC) was introduced to improve the safety of surgical procedures. This systematic review evaluated current evidence regarding the effectiveness of this checklist in reducing postoperative complications.

Methods
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL were searched using predefined inclusion criteria. The systematic review included all original articles reporting a quantitative measure of the effect of the WHO SSC on postoperative complications. Data were extracted for postoperative complications reported in at least two studies. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effect of the WHO SSC on any complication, surgical-site infection (SSI) and mortality. Yule's Q contingency coefficient was used as a measure of the association between effectiveness and adherence with the checklist.

Results
Seven of 723 studies identified met the inclusion criteria. There was marked methodological heterogeneity among studies. The impact on six clinical outcomes was reported in at least two studies. A meta-analysis was performed for three main outcomes (any complication, mortality and SSI). Risk ratios for any complication, mortality and SSI were 0·59 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·47 to 0·74), 0·77 (0·60 to 0·98) and 0·57 (0·41 to 0·79) respectively. There was a strong correlation between a significant decrease in postoperative complications and adherence to aspects of care embedded in the checklist (Q = 0·82; P = 0·042).

Conclusion
The evidence is highly suggestive of a reduction in postoperative complications and mortality following implementation of the WHO SSC, but cannot be regarded as definitive in the absence of higher-quality studies.
Brain microstructural changes and cognitive correlates in patients with pure obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Spalletta Gianfranco , Piras Fabrizio , Fagioli Sabrina , Caltagirone Carlo , Piras Federica 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectThe aim of this study was to investigate macrostructural and microstructural brain changes in patients with pure obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and to examine the relationship between brain structure and neuropsychological deficits.Method20 patients withOCDunderwent a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A combined voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis was used to capture gray matter (GM) and white matter changes inOCDpatients as compared to pair‐matched healthy volunteers. Multiple regression designs explored the relationship between cognition and neuroimaging parameters.ResultsOCDpatients had increased mean diffusivity (MD) inGMnodes of the orbitofronto‐striatal loop (left dorsal anterior cingulate [Z = 3.67,P < 0.001] left insula [Z = 3.35P < 0.001] left thalamus [Z = 3.59,P < 0.001] left parahippocampal gyrus [Z = 3.77P < 0.001]) and in lateral frontal and posterior associative cortices (right frontal operculum [Z = 3.42P < 0.001], right temporal lobe [Z = 3.79P < 0.001] left parietal lobe [Z = 3.91P < 0.001]). Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) was detected in intrahemispheric (left superior longitudinal fasciculus [Z = 4.07P < 0.001]) and interhemispheric (body of corpus callosum [CC,Z = 4.42P < 0.001]) bundles. Concurrently, the semantic fluency score, a measure of executive control processes, significantly predictedOCDdiagnosis (Odds Ratio = 1.37; 95% Confidence Intervals = 1.09–1.73;P = 0.0058), while variation in performance was correlated with increasedMDin left temporal (Z = 4.25P < 0.001) and bilateral parietal regions (leftZ = 3.94, rightZ = 4.19P < 0.001), and decreasedFAin the right posterior corona radiata (Z = 4.07P < 0.001) and the left corticospinal tract (Z = 3.95P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe reported deficit in executive processes and the underlying microstructural alterations may qualify as behavioral and biological markers ofOCD.
Reusable Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for the Alkylation of Amines by using Primary Alcohols
Authors: Pei Shan Siah , Dang Tuan Thanh , Seayad Abdul Majeed , Ramalingam Balamurugan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEfficient and recyclable ruthenium catalysts were synthesized from readily available polystyrene‐ or silica‐supported phosphine ligands. Catalysts bound to the polymer support through an ether linkage showed good to excellent activity towards the N‐alkylation of primary and secondary amines to afford the alkylated products in 62–99 % yield at 120–140 °C. The supported phosphine ligand/ruthenium ratio was found to be crucial for higher catalytic activity and lower ruthenium leaching. The continuous flow N‐alkylation of amines was demonstrated by using the supported catalyst in a column reactor. By adopting the hydrogen‐borrowing strategy, the synthesis of the anti‐Parkinson agent Piribedil was established in 98 % yield at 140 °C.
Morphology Effects on the Supercapacitive Electrochemical Performances of Iron Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Gao Peng‐Cheng , Russo Patrícia A. , Conte Donato E. , Baek Seunghwan , Moser François , Pinna Nicola , Brousse Thierry , Favier Frédéric 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe benzyl alcohol route is used to decorate reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets with iron oxide (FeOx) nanoparticles. The resulting FeOx/RGO composites combine both electrical double‐layer capacitive and pseudocapacitive behaviors of RGO and FeOx, respectively, owing to the hybrid nanostructure. In 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte, the capacitance of the FeOx/RGO electrode reaches 126 F g−1 in a negative potential range from −0.8 to 0.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and 97 F g−1 in the extended potential window from −0.8 to +0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). By using the benzyl alcohol route, a higher concentration of iron precursor leads to full surface coverage of the RGO nanosheets by smaller FeOx nanoparticles, forming a close‐packed layer that limits the restacking of RGO nonosheets in the dry state. The resulting FeOx/RGO composite gains the same power capability as RGO and a higher energy density than raw FeOx, owing to this well‐designed morphology,.
Spot Moiré Fringes: Determination of Domain Boundaries and Structural Parameters in Ordered Nanoporous Structures
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Kishimoto Satoshi , Jiang Xiangfen , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSpot moiré fringes are generated by the superposition between a nanoporous structure and a digital three‐way grating. The spot moiré fringes are useful for the characterization of the domain boundaries and structural parameters in ordered nanoporous materials. The pitches and the orientations of the nanopore arrays in three directions can be simultaneously determined in a large view field.
Selective Host Molecules Obtained by Dynamic Adaptive Chemistry
Authors: Matache Mihaela , Bogdan Elena , Hădade Niculina D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUp till 20 years ago, in order to endow molecules with function there were two mainstream lines of thought. One was to rationally design the positioning of chemical functionalities within candidate molecules, followed by an iterative synthesis–optimization process. The second was the use of a “brutal force” approach of combinatorial chemistry coupled with advanced screening for function. Although both methods provided important results, “rational design” often resulted in time‐consuming efforts of modeling and synthesis only to find that the candidate molecule was not performing the designed job. “Combinatorial chemistry” suffered from a fundamental limitation related to the focusing of the libraries employed, often using lead compounds that limit its scope. Dynamic constitutional chemistry has developed as a combination of the two approaches above. Through the rational use of reversible chemical bonds together with a large plethora of precursor libraries, one is now able to build functional structures, ranging from quite simple molecules up to large polymeric structures. Thus, by introduction of the dynamic component within the molecular recognition processes, a new perspective of deciphering the world of the molecular events has aroused together with a new field of chemistry. Since its birth dynamic constitutional chemistry has continuously gained attention, in particular due to its ability to easily create from scratch outstanding molecular structures as well as the addition of adaptive features. The fundamental concepts defining the dynamic constitutional chemistry have been continuously extended to currently place it at the intersection between the supramolecular chemistry and newly defined adaptive chemistry, a pivotal feature towards evolutive chemistry.
An Unexpected Fluctuating Reactivity for Odd and Even Carbon Numbers in the TiO2‐Based Photocatalytic Decarboxylation of C2–C6 Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Sun Yiran , Chang Wei , Ji Hongwei , Chen Chuncheng , Ma Wanhong , Zhao Jincai 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Professor Jincai Zhao at the Institute of Chemistry, CAS. The image shows that dicarboxylic acids with an even number of carbon atoms were degraded more slowly than those with an odd number of carbon atoms. This unusual fluctuation of the reactivity of dicarboxylic acids against the numbers of carbon atoms is very closely related to the different pre‐coordination mode of the acids with the photocatalyst surface sites. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201303236.
Characterization of Barium Strontium Titanate Particles by Means of X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Herrmann Michael , Förter‐Barth Ulrich , Roßmann Christian , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNanoskalige ferroelektrische Keramiken sind aussichtsreiche Materialien zur Entwicklung miniaturisierter Bauteile für die Halbleiterindustrie. Dispergierungversuche von Bariumstrontiumtitanat (BST) zur Herstellung von integrierten Dünnfilmkondensatoren wurden durchgeführt. Die Röntgenbeugung ergab wichtige Strukturinformationen über BST und die Veränderungen während des Zerkleinerungsprozesses. Die Kristallitgrößen, das Auftreten eines Zweiphasensystems und die Stöchiometrie beeinflussen die dielektrischen Eigenschaften und damit zukünftige Anwendungen und müssen bei Entwicklung und Qualitätssicherung berücksichtigt werden.
Rheological Behavior of SiC‐Suspensions Used in Abrasive Flow Machining
Authors: Bremerstein Tina , Höhn Sören , Potthoff Annegret , Blug Bernhard , Amann Tobias 
Published: January 2014

AbstractZur Bewertung des Verschleißes von abrasiven Suspensionen infolge des Bearbeitungsprozesses Strömungsschleifen wurden abrasive Medien nach unterschiedlich langen Beanspruchungszeiten analysiert. Mithilfe rheologischer und granulometrischer Charakterisierungsmethoden wurde nachgewiesen, dass Änderungen von Festigkeit und Zusammensetzung des Mediums sowie der Partikelform für die Verschlechterung der Effizienz des Bearbeitungsprozesses verantwortlich sind.
Hierarchical Kendall copulas: Properties and inference
Authors: Brechmann Eike Christian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhile there is substantial need for dependence models in higher dimensions, most existing models quickly become rather restrictive and barely balance parsimony and flexibility. Hierarchical constructions may improve on that by grouping variables in different levels. In this paper, the new class of hierarchical Kendall copulas is proposed and discussed. Hierarchical Kendall copulas are built up by flexible copulas specified for groups of variables, where aggregation is facilitated by the Kendall distribution function, the multivariate analog to the probability integral transform for univariate random variables. After deriving properties of the general model formulation, particular focus is given to inference techniques of hierarchical Kendall copulas with Archimedean components, for which closed‐form analytical expressions can be derived. A substantive application to German stock returns finally shows that hierarchical Kendall copulas perform very well for real data, out‐of‐ as well as in‐sample. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 78–108; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Effect of Nanospace Confinement on the Catalytic Activity and Stability of a Chiral Schiff Base Complex (CuL; L=C22H24N2O4): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Bania Kusum K. , Karunakar Galla V. , Sarma Bipul , Deka Ramesh C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEmerging trends in recyclable homogeneous chiral catalysts and their application in asymmetric synthesis are prompting a renewed interest in the field of catalysis as well as in industry. However, owing to fatal disadvantages of the homogeneous catalyst, they are not easily recoverable and recyclable. Herein, a comparison is made of the recyclability and stability of a homogeneous chiral CuII Schiff base complex of general formula CuL, in which L=C22H24N2O4, with that of a zeolite‐Y‐confined heterogeneous catalyst. On the basis of our experimental evidence, we demonstrate how self‐decomposition and bimetallic formation disrupt the catalytic activity of a homogeneous catalyst. By exploiting the special structure of faujasite zeolite, self‐decomposition of the chiral catalyst is fully controlled and efficiently used for the asymmetric nitroaldol reaction. The use of ionic liquid results in catalytic enhancement and provides a convenient way to recycle the homogeneous catalyst up to three cycles. When encapsulated in a cavity of faujasite by means of the “ship‐in‐a‐bottle” synthesis method, it shows much better catalytic activity with enhanced enantioselectivity, recyclability, and stability. The heterogeneous catalyst is recycled up to nine cycles and retains the catalytic activity for a longer period of time relative to its homogeneous counterpart. The synthesized heterogeneous CuII complex provides the nitroaldol product with a maximum of 84 % yield and 87 % enantiomeric excess (ee; R isomer). Structural and reactivity differences between the homogeneous and heterogeneous chiral complexes are substantiated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Conditioned Subjective Responses to Socially Relevant Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder and Subclinical Social Anxiety
Authors: Tinoco‐González Daniella , Fullana Miquel Angel , Torrents‐Rodas David , Bonillo Albert , Vervliet Bram , Pailhez Guillem , Farré Magí , Andión Oscar , Perez Víctor , Torrubia Rafael 
Published: January 2014

Although enhanced fear conditioning has been implicated in the origins of social anxiety disorder (SAD), laboratory evidence in support of this association is limited. Using a paradigm employing socially relevant unconditioned stimuli, we conducted two separate studies to asses fear conditioning in individuals with SAD and non‐clinical individuals with high social anxiety (subclinical social anxiety [SSA]). They were compared with age‐matched and gender‐matched individuals with another anxiety disorder (panic disorder with agoraphobia) and healthy controls (Study 1) and with individuals with low social anxiety (Study 2). Contrary to our expectations, in both studies, self‐report measures (ratings of anxiety, unpleasantness and arousal to the conditioned stimuli) of fear conditioning failed to discriminate between SAD or SSA and the other participant groups. Our results suggest that enhanced fear conditioning does not play a major role in pathological social anxiety. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

We used a social conditioning paradigm to study fear conditioning in clinical and subclinical social anxiety.
We found no evidence of enhanced fear conditioning in social anxiety individuals.
Enhanced fear conditioning may not be a hallmark of pathological social anxiety.