bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating Knowledge and Technology Effects to Operative Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Takala Josu , Koskinen Jari , Liu Yang , Tas Mehmet Serif , Muhos Matti 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to present a fresh idea on how to model and examine the level of sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) with and without knowledge and /technology (K/T) effects in a case company’s operation by taking the manufacturing strategy’s development directions and the efficiency of resource allocation among its attributes into consideration.
Design/Methodology/approach: In this paper, questionnaires are filled by two different managerial groups, company’s management team (G1) and company’s global directors (G2). The analyses based on G1, G2 and G1-G2 (mixed results) are performed and examined as well as the effect of knowledge and /technology rankings to observe the differences on how they effect on company’s operations strategy and what kind of strategy type that decision makers might follow. Besides, the effects of knowledge/technology rankings on SCA risk levels are examined on different case companies to perceive the similarities and differences with our case company. In this case study, the objectives are achieved based on several methodologies: manufacturing strategy index (MSI) [1] and sense and respond (S&R) methodology [2].
Findings: The achieved results through the model are found to be promising corresponding to the feedback from the respondents.
Research limitations/implications: The model is applied only in a big sized B2B global company that produces power electronics products. Therefore, further tests need to be applied to the model in case of multiple companies from different sizes and areas to figure out the best formula in case of validation of strategic direction (MAPE, RSME or MAD).
Practical implications: As a result of its wide applicability and its ease in arrangement the model has an enormous potential for strategic decision-making process and strategic analysis.
Originality/Value:The model can provide a more dependable possibility of sustainable improvement to the corporate operational excellence and strategy
Implementing Sustainable Competitive Advantage to the Public Sector’s Management System – By Sense and Respond Methodology in Facilities Services Unit’s Preparedness
Authors: Vornanen Vesa-Jukka , Takala Josu , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
How to ensure that the various levels of the organization are operating in accordance with a common strategy? According to the Hallberg committee’s Preparedness and comprehensive security report [1] the key challenges the public sector organization faces lies in finding new ways of operating horizontally across various levels of administration. This paper aims to develop the preparedness in the target organization by strategy’s resource-based identification for implementing sustainable competitive advantages to the public sector’s management system. The research methods used are a case study and surveys, which were connected by the analytical hierarchy process based form and two sense and respond (S&R) based forms. The longitudinal data for the surveys were collected in two phases and analyzed with the balanced critical factor index method [2] and transformational leadership indexes (TLI) with technology levels [3]. The BCFI & TLI method identifies and clarifies the unit’s development and risk factors. According to [4] during the process of sense and respond, it is important to develop an operational strategy adjustment system by utilizing critical factor evaluation. As [5] describes in her dissertation if there were clear goals defined for the quality of the (public) services the natural choice of the approach in the purpose of evaluation for accountability would be the goal-attainment evaluation. The innovative findings lay the groundwork for the decision makers to focus efforts and readjust the operations of the target organization in order to achieve operational sustainable competitive advantage (OSCA).
Perceived Workplace Stress and Co-Occurrence of Health Problems and Burnout in Different Occupational Groups
Authors: Novak Tatjana , Sedlar Nataša , Šprah Lilijana 
Published: October 2013

Izvleček
Izhodišča: Nekatere poklicne skupine so zaradi narave dela ranljivejše za razvoj poklicnega stresa, izgorelosti in psihofizičnih zdravstvenih težav. Cilj raziskave je bil opredeliti razlike v doživljanju poklicnega stresa ter proučiti sovpadanje zdravstvenih težav in izgorevanja pri zaposlenih v petih različnih poklicnih skupinah.
Metode: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 258 udeležencev, zaposlenih v gradbeni, zdravstveni in v predelovalni dejavnosti, razvrščenih v poklicne skupine: delavci v proizvodnji (N=56 (20%), 56% moških), administrativno osebje (N=58 (20%), 18% moških), zdravstveni (N=65 (23%), 16% moških), tehnični (N=51(18%), 87% moških) in vodstveni kadri (N=55 (19%), 68% moških). Udeleženci so izpolnili vprašalnike o sociodemografskih značilnostih, zdravstvenih težavah, stresu na delovnem mestu (OSI) in o izgorelosti (OLBI).
Rezultati: V primerjavi z drugimi poklicnimi profili so delavci v proizvodnji in zdravstveni kadri izražali največjo stopnjo stresa na delovnem mestu. Pri zdravstvenih delavcih so prevladovali viri stresa, povezani z visokimi delovnimi zahtevami in omejeno avtonomnostjo, pri zaposlenih v proizvodnji pa izpostavljenost škodljivim okoljskim dejavnikom. Najpogostejše zdravstvene težave so bile utrujenost pri 56,9% zdravstvenih in 50% proizvodnih delavcev, glavoboli in težave z vidom pri 51,8% proizvodnih delavcih ter bolečine v kostno-mišičnem sistemu pri 48,2% proizvodnih delavcih. Pri zdravstvenih in administrativnih delavcih je bilo največ statistično pomembnih povezav med psihofizičnimi zdravstvenimi težavami in izgorelostjo. Približno desetina zaposlenih v vseh poklicnih skupinah je kazala znake visoke izgorelosti.
Zaključki: Zdravstveni kadri in delavci v proizvodnji so se v primerjavi s preostalimi poklicnimi skupinami izkazali kot ranljivejši za razvoj prekomernega stresa na delovnem mestu. Sopojavljanje zdravstvenih težav in izgorelosti je bilo najizrazitejše pri tehničnih in zdravstvenih kadrih.
The comparative biomechanics of the reinforced interdental crossover and the Stout loop composite splints for mandibular fracture repair in dogs
Authors: Kitshoff A. M. , de Rooster H. , Ferreira S. M. , Burger D. , Steenkamp G. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectives: To describe a new technique, the reinforced interdental crossover composite splint (RIC), for transverse mandibular fracture repair in dogs. This technique was compared biomechanically with the established reinforced interdental Stout loop composite splint (RIS) technique.Methods: Six pairs of mandibles from young adult small breed dogs were used for the study. Osteotomies were created in a standardized fashion and fixed with either RIC or RIS. All composite splint constructs were tested biomechanically with a cantilever bending force, using a single column testing machine at a rate of 2 mm/min. The time of application, amount of composite used, ultimate force, stiffness, total displacement, and total energy absorbed during displacement of the rostral mandibular segment were calculated and compared between the two groups.Results: No significant difference was found when comparing the time of application of the RIC and the RIS techniques. All implants failed by either composite resin fracture over the region of the osteotomy or by fracture between the first and second molar followed by detachment of the resin from the lingual enamel surface of the first molar. Differences between the RIC and RIS in force (80.5 N ± 40.3 and 51.8 N ± 27.4. respectively) and stiffness (16.2 N/mm ± 4.4 and 10.1 N/mm ± 4.1 respectively) were significant (p = 0.03). However differences between the two techniques in displacement and total energy absorbed were not significant.Clinical significance: In experimentally fractured mandibles of young adult dogs there is evidence that RIC is biomechanically similar to RIS.
Development of microsatellite markers for Isodon longitubus (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Yamashiro Tadashi , Yamashiro Asuka , Dohzono Ikumi , Maki Masayuki 
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Isodon longitubus to study the natural hybridization of the species and its congeners.• Methods and Results: A total of 10 primer sets were developed for I. longitubus. From the initial screening, all of 10 loci were polymorphic with five to 19 alleles per locus in the Mt. Ishizuchi population, whereas nine loci were polymorphic with two to 12 alleles per loci in the Toon population. Although one locus was monomorphic at one population, the observed and expected heterozygosity values estimated from 34 I. longitubus samples ranged from 0.273 to 1.000 and from 0.483 to 0.918, respectively. Six primer sets could amplify all three species examined in this study (I. inflexus, I. japonicus, and I. shikokianus).• Conclusions: The 10 microsatellite markers developed here will be useful in analyzing the population genetic structure of I. longitubus and in studying the natural hybridization between Isodon species.
Enhanced Atherosclerosis in TIPE2-Deficient Mice Is Associated with Increased Macrophage Responses to Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Lou Yunwei , Liu Suxia , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Guizhong , Li Jingjing , Ni Mei , An Guipeng , Dong Mei , Liu Xiaoling , Zhu Faliang , Zhang Wenqian , Gao Fei , Chen Youhai H. , Zhang Yun 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been widely recognized as an inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which macrophages play a major role. Yet, how macrophage-mediated pathology is regulated during atherosclerosis is poorly understood. TNF-α–induced protein 8–like 2 (TIPE2, also known as TNFAIP8L2) is highly expressed in resting macrophages and can negatively regulate inflammation through inhibiting immune receptor signaling. We report in this article that TIPE2 plays a crucial atheroprotective role likely by regulating macrophage responses to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). TIPE2-deficient macrophages treated with ox-LDL produced more oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, and exhibited heightened activation of the JNK, NF-κB, and p38 signaling pathways. As a consequence, TIPE2 deficiency in bone marrow–derived cells exacerbated atherosclerosis development in Ldlr−/− mice fed a high-fat diet. Importantly, ox-LDL markedly downregulated TIPE2 mRNA and protein levels in macrophages, suggesting that ox-LDL mediates atherosclerosis by TIPE2 inhibition. These results indicate that TIPE2 is a new inhibitor of atherosclerosis and a potential drug target for treating the disease.
Development of an Ambulatory Geriatrics Knowledge Examination for Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Kalender-Rich Jessica L. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Dong Lei , Paolo Anthony M. , Hayley Deon Cox , Rigler Sally K. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The number of older adults needing primary care exceeds the capacity of trained geriatricians to accommodate them. All physicians should have basic knowledge of optimal outpatient care of older adults to enhance the capacity of the system to serve this patient group. To date, there is no knowledge-assessment tool that focuses specifically on geriatric ambulatory care.

Objective
We developed an examination to assess internal medicine residents' knowledge of ambulatory geriatrics.

Methods
A consensus panel developed a 30-question examination based on topics in the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Examination Blueprint, the ABIM in-training examinations, and the American Geriatrics Society Goals and Objectives. Questions were reviewed, edited, and then administered to medical students, internal medicine residents, primary care providers, and geriatricians.

Results
Ninety-eight individuals (20 fourth-year medical students, 57 internal medicine residents, 11 primary care faculty members, and 10 geriatrics fellowship-trained physicians) took the examination. Based on psychometric analysis of the results, 5 questions were deleted because of poor discriminatory power. The Cronbach α coefficient of the remaining 25 questions was 0.48; however, assessment of interitem consistency may not be an appropriate measure, given the variety of clinical topics on which questions were based. Scores increased with higher levels of training in geriatrics (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Our preliminary study suggests that the examination we developed is a reasonably valid method to assess knowledge of ambulatory geriatric care and may be useful in assessing residents.
Die Bedeutung von Biomarkern für eine personalisierte Medizin
Authors: Großhennig A. , Benda N. , Koch A. 
Published: October 2013

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Relevanz von Biomarkern zur Bewertung des Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnisses eines Arzneimittels und deren Validierung im Rahmen von klinischen Studien dargelegt. Zu diesem Zweck werden die wichtigsten Studiendesigns zur Validierung vorgestellt und diskutiert. Am Beispiel der Entwicklung von Rosuvastatin und der Validierung von hs-CRP (JUPITER-Studie) werden Aspekte, die bei der Planung eines gemeinsamen Entwicklungsprogramms für ein Arzneimittel und einen Biomarker notwendig sind, erörtert. Darüber hinaus werden Alternativen diskutiert, wie die Validierung des Biomarkers in das gesamte Entwicklungsprogramm des Arzneimittels eingebunden werden kann.
Prognostic Implications of Radioiodine Avidity and Serum Thyroglobulin in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Distant Metastasis
Authors: Kim Hye Jeong , Lee Ji In , Kim Na Kyung , Min Yong‐Ki , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlthough differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) rarely develops distant metastases, the present study was performed to evaluate factors that affect the survival of patients with DTC who present with distant metastasis.MethodsAmong 4,989 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for DTC, 82 presenting with distant metastasis were analyzed. Based on radioiodine (131I) avidity and the thyroid‐stimulating hormone‐stimulated serum thyroglobulin (sTg) level at the time of metastasis, patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (131I uptake + sTg ≤ 215 ng/mL, n = 46), group 2 (131I uptake + sTg > 215 ng/mL, n = 24), group 3 (no 131I uptake, n = 12). Disease‐specific survival (DSS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors predicting the outcome were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.ResultsThe age of patients (p = 0.04), frequency of follicular thyroid carcinoma (p = 0.002), tumor size (p < 0.001), and number of multiple metastatic sites (p = 0.004) differed significantly among the groups. With a median follow‐up after surgery of 72 months, the 5‐ and 10‐year DSSs for all patients were 84 and 69 %, respectively. The predictors of survival were age (p = 0.004), symptoms at the time of presentation (p = 0.045), histology (p = 0.01), sites of metastasis (p = 0.03), and 131I avidity and sTg level at the time of metastasis (p = 0.002). In the multivariate analysis, age, histology, and 131I avidity and sTg level at the time of metastasis remained significant factors for survival.ConclusionsCertain DTC patients with distant metastasis demonstrate favorable outcomes dependent on age, histology, and 131I avidity and sTg level at the time of metastasis.
Thyroid Lobectomy for Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Long‐term Follow‐up Study of 1,088 Cases
Authors: Matsuzu Kenichi , Sugino Kiminori , Masudo Katsuhiko , Nagahama Mitsuji , Kitagawa Wataru , Shibuya Hiroshi , Ohkuwa Keiko , Uruno Takashi , Suzuki Akifumi , Magoshi Syunsuke , Akaishi Junko , Masaki Chie , Kawano Michikazu , Suganuma Nobuyasu , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka , Kameyama Kaori , Takami Hiroshi , Ito Koichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTotal thyroidectomy is well accepted as initial surgery for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but the extent of the thyroidectomy remains a matter of controversy. This study was designed to investigate the long‐term clinical outcome of PTC patients who had undergone thyroid lobectomy and to elucidate the indications of lobectomy as initial surgery.MethodsThe cases of 1,088 PTC patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy with curative intent at Ito Hospital between 1986 and 1995 were analyzed retrospectively in this study. None of the patients had received postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation therapy. The median follow‐up period was 17.6 years. All clinical outcomes, including recurrence and death as a result of PTC or other reasons, were evaluated. To establish the indications for lobectomy as initial surgery for PTC, the potential risk factors, such as age, sex, primary tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, and clinical lymph node metastasis at the time of the initial surgery, were assessed statistically for associations with recurrence and disease‐related death.ResultsThe remnant‐thyroid recurrence‐free survival (RT‐RFS) rate, the regional‐ lymph‐node recurrence‐free survival (L‐RFS) rate, and the distant‐recurrence‐free survival (D‐RFS) rate as of 25 years after surgery were 93.5, 90.6, and 93.6%, respectively. The cause‐specific survival (CSS) rate at 25 years was 95.2%. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that none of the factors assessed were significantly associated with the RT‐RFS rate. Tumor size, clinical lymph node metastasis, and extrathyroidal invasion were significantly associated with the L‐RFS rate. The D‐RFS and CSS rates were both significantly lower in the group of patients who were aged 45 years old or older, the group whose tumors were larger than 40 mm, and the group with extrathyroidal invasion. Based on the above findings, we classified the patients into four groups according to age <45 or ≥45 years, tumor size ≤40 or >40 mm, whether clinical lymph node metastasis was present, and whether extrathyroidal invasion was present. None of the patients without any of these four risk factors died of PTC. On the other hand, 22 patients who died of PTC were positive for one or more of these four factors.ConclusionsThe long‐term clinical outcome of the PTC patients who had been treated by lobectomy without RAI ablation was excellent. Based on the above results, we concluded that lobectomy is a valid alternative to total thyroidectomy for the treatment of PTC patients who are younger than aged 45 years, whose tumor diameter is 40 mm or less, and who do not have clinical lymph node metastasis or extrathyroidal invasion.
Genetic topography of brain morphology
Authors: Chen Chi-Hua , Fiecas Mark , Gutiérrez E. D. , Panizzon Matthew S. , Eyler Lisa T. , Vuoksimaa Eero , Thompson Wesley K. , Fennema-Notestine Christine , Hagler Donald J. , Jernigan Terry L. , Neale Michael C. , Franz Carol E. , Lyons Michael J. , Fischl Bruce , Tsuang Ming T. , Dale Anders M. , Kremen William S. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
How diverse functional cortical regions develop is an important neuroscience question. Animal experiments show that regional differentiation is controlled by genes that express in a graded and regionalized pattern; however, such investigation in humans is scarce. Using noninvasive imaging techniques to acquire brain structure data of genetically related subjects (i.e., twins), we estimated the spatial pattern of genetic influences on cortical structure. We developed a genetic parcellation of cortical thickness to delineate the boundaries of cortical divisions that are—within each division—maximally under control of shared genetic influences. We also found differences in genetic influences on cortical surface area and thickness along two orthogonal axes. The concept of gradations is crucial for understanding the organization of the human brain.
Oxygen dynamics in the aftermath of the Great Oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Canfield Donald E. , Ngombi-Pemba Lauriss , Hammarlund Emma U. , Bengtson Stefan , Chaussidon Marc , Gauthier-Lafaye François , Meunier Alain , Riboulleau Armelle , Rollion-Bard Claire , Rouxel Olivier , Asael Dan , Pierson-Wickmann Anne-Catherine , El Albani Abderrazak 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The Great Oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere about 2.3 billion years ago began a series of geochemical events leading to elevated oxygen levels for the next 200 million years, with a collapse to much lower levels as these events played their course. This sequence of events is represented in rocks from the Republic of Gabon. We show oxygenation of the deep oceans when oxygen levels were likely their highest. By 2.08 billion years ago, however, oxygen dropped to levels possibly as low as any time in the last 2.3 billion years. These fluctuations can be explained as a direct consequence of the initial oxygenation of the atmosphere during the Great Oxidation Event.
STAT3 activation in response to IL-6 is prolonged by the binding of IL-6 receptor to EGF receptor
Authors: Wang Yuxin , van Boxel-Dezaire Anette H. H. , Cheon HyeonJoo , Yang Jinbo , Stark George R. 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceAn important part of the response to invading pathogens is activation of the transcription factor STAT3 in response to IL-6. This normal response is terminated rapidly by the major negative regulator suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). Abnormal prolonged activation of STAT3 contributes to the pathology of cancer and to chronic inflammatory diseases. We show that prolonged activation of STAT3 results from association of the IL-6 receptor with the epidermal growth factor receptor, which in turn activates STAT3 in a way that is not inhibited by SOCS3. Prolonged STAT3 activation supports sustained expression of a subset of proteins that play important roles in inflammation and in cancer, where both IL-6 secretion and epidermal growth factor receptor levels are often elevated.
Establishing British Rule
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This chapter traces the establishment of British rule since the decline of the Mughal Empire, focusing first on the constellations of power in India and in Europe that made British rule possible, and second on the combination of indirect rule and direct administration that was an enduring characteristic of the British Empire in India until 1947. The author explores the conquest of Delhi and the consolidation of British power, arguing that despite their military and political impotence, the Mughal emperors and their capital city Delhi held great legitimizing potential at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The chapter also examines how unrest between the Jains and Muslims in 1807 led to intense discussions about the legitimacy of British rule among Muslim intellectuals and marked the beginning of the entanglement between local and colonial publics that was to characterize the entire nineteenth century.
Families and Communities of Common Descent
Authors: Pernau Margrit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Membership in a family and an extended network of relatives was one of the key factors determining an individual’s social and economic status in Delhi in the first half of the nineteenth century. The first section of this chapter uses an early nineteenth-century Persian text to trace the indigenous representation of social groups, to investigate the roots of this representation, and to ask how it differed from the later colonial ethnography of Muslim castes. The second section examines how the economic situation of the social elite and their family structures was influenced by the bureaucratization of the revenue administration and pension system by the British, a process that began in Delhi and its environs in the Chishti Sufi order in the second decade of the nineteenth century. This development is traced in the third section by taking a closer look at three families.