bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of skin irritation/corrosion hazards on the basis of human data: a regulatory perspective
Authors: Basketter David , Jírova Dagmar , Kandárová Helena 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Regulatory classification of skin irritation has historically been based on rabbit data, however current toxicology processes are transitioning to in vitro alternatives. The in vitro assays have to provide sufficient level of sensitivity as well as specificity to be accepted as replacement methods for the existing in vivo assays. This is usually achieved by comparing the in vitro results to classifications obtained in animals. Significant drawback of this approach is that neither in vivo nor in vitro methods are calibrated against human hazard data and results obtained in these assays may not correspond to situation in human.
The main objective of this review was to establish an extended database of substances classified according to their human hazard to serve for further development of alternative methods relevant to human health as well as resource for improved regulatory classification. The literature has been reviewed to assemble all the available information on the testing of substances in the human 4 h human patch test, which is the only standardized protocol in humans matching the exposure conditions of the regulatory accepted in vivo rabbit skin irritation test.
A total of 81 substances tested according to the defined 4 h human patch test protocol were found and collated into a dataset together with their existing in vivo classifications published in the literature. While about 50% of the substances in the database are classified as irritating based on the rabbit skin test, on using the 4 h HPT test, less than 20% were identified as acutely irritant to human skin. Based on the presented data, it can be concluded that the rabbit skin irritation test largely over-predicts human responses for the evaluated chemicals. Correct classification of the acute skin irritation hazard will only be possible if newly developed in vitro toxicology methods will be calibrated to produce results relevant to man.
Predicting co-morbidities in chemically sensitive individuals from exhaled breath analysis
Authors: Zeliger Harold I. , Pan Yaqin , Rea William J. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The exhaled breath of more than four hundred patients who presented at the Environmental Health Center - Dallas with chemical sensitivity conditions were analyzed for the relative abundance of their breath chemical composition by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. All presenting patients had no fewer than four and as many as eight co-morbid conditions. Surprisingly, almost all the exhaled breath analyses showed the presence of a preponderance of lipophilic aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The hydrophilic compounds present were almost entirely of natural origin, i.e. expected metabolites of foods. The lipophile, primarily C3 to C16 hydrocarbons and believed to have come from inhalation of polluted air, were, in all cases, present at concentrations far below those known to be toxic to humans, but caused sensitivity and signs of chemical overload. The co-morbid health effects observed are believed to be caused by the sequential absorption of lipophilic and hydrophilic chemicals; an initial absorption and retention of lipophile followed by a subsequent absorption of hydrophilic species facilitated by the retained lipophile to produce chemical mixtures that are toxic at very low levels. It is hypothesized that co-morbid conditions in chemically sensitive individuals can be predicted from analysis of their exhaled breath.
Braided-river and hyperconcentrated-flow deposits from the Carboniferous of the Lublin Basin (SE Poland) – a sedimentological study of core data
Authors: Waksmundzka Maria I. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Fining-upwards cyclothems found in five boreholes in the Carboniferous (Lower Bashkirian) of the Lublin Basin were analysed sedimentologically. It was established that the cyclothems represent fluvial deposits, and the lithofacies were grouped into lithofacies associations. Most lithofacies associations represent three types of sand-bed braided rivers: (1) high-energy, (2) deep and (3) distal sheetflood-affected. Other associations represent hyperconcentrated flows. Both coarse-grained (type I) and fine-grained (types IIa and IIb) occur among the fining-upward cyclothems. The formation of most thick cyclothems was related mainly to allocyclic factors, i.e. a decrease in the river’s gradient. The thickest fining-upward cyclothems are characteristic of hyperconcentrated flows and braided-river channels. The aggradation ratios were commonly high.
During the early Namurian C and early Westphalian A (Early Bashkirian), the eastern part of the Lublin Basin was located close to the source area. The sedimentary succession developed due to a transition from high-energy braidedrivers and hyperconcentrated flows to lower-energy braided rivers, controlled by a rise of the regional base level.
Effects of Aliskiren on Blood Pressure and Myocardial Function Assessed by Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Manov Emil , Shabani Rabhat , Naydenov Stefan N. , Runev Nikolay M. , Donova Temenuga I. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aliskiren on blood pressure and myocardial functionassessed by global longitudinal strain in patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-fi ve patients were included in the study (29 males, 16 females,
mean age 58.7 ± 12.4 years) with BP > 140/90 mmHg despite treatment with combined antihypertensive
therapy and echocardiographic data for diastolic dysfunction: Е/Е’ratio ≤
8, Е/А ratio < 0.8, deceleration time (DT) > 200 msec. Aliskiren (2 х 150 mg per day) was
added to the previous therapy. The follow-up period was 1 year, including monthly clinical
visits. Echocardiographic assessment of the left ventricular function by longitudinal strain
and Doppler analysis of the trans-mitral blood flow was performed at months 1, 6, 12.

RESULTS: The baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressures scores were 153.4 ± 14.4/99.2
± 6.7 mmHg and 157.6 ± 12.5/97.3 ± 8.2 mmHg for males and females, respectively. The
systolic and diastolic values at 1 month were 131.7 ± 7.4/83.6 ± 5.2 mmHg for males and
132.4 ± 5.3/81.8 ± 6.9 mmHg for females (р < 0.05 vs. baseline). The baseline Е/Е’ was 6.5
± 0.9, Е/А - 0.6 ± 001, DT - 258 ± 32.7 msec. These indicators at month 12 were as follows:
Е/Е’ - 7.0 ± 0.64, Е/А - 0.7 ± 0.05, DT - 239 ± 16.5 msec, р = NS. Baseline global longitudinal
strain in males was -10.4 ± 0.7% and -11.0 ± 0.9% in females and at month 12 - 16.3 ± 0.9%
and -17.5 ± 0.7% for males and females, respectively, р < 0.05. For the period of follow-up
no adverse effects due to aliskiren treatment were registered.

CONCLUSIONS: Adding aliskiren to combined antihypertensive therapy leads to significant
improvement of hypertension control and myocardial function assessed by global longitudinal
strain.
The effect of AgroHydroGel and irrigation on celeriac yield and quality
Authors: Kosterna Edyta , Zaniewicz-Bajkowska Anna , Rosa Robert , Franczuk Jolanta 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The experiment investigated the effect of different irrigation methods (no irrigation, irrigation by means of a drip tape) and method of AgroHydroGel application (control, AgroHydroGel applied to seedlings, AgroHydroGel applied to plants in the field, half of the AgroHydroGel applied to seedlings, the other half to plants in the field) on the yield level and quality of celeriac grown in the field. Irrigation significantly increased yields as well as the average weight of the marketable root; however, it had no influence on the nutrient contents. The application of AgroHydroGel to plants in the field or in a split proportion resulted in the most favourable influence on yielding. In the non-irrigated combination, AgroHydroGel applied entirely to plants in the field or in a split proportion increased marketable root yields. In the irrigated treatments, the highest yield was obtained in the plots where hydrogel was applied to plants in the field. Roots from the treatments where AgroHydroGel had been applied in a split proportion contained more dry matter as compared to the control. In the non-irrigated combination, AgroHydroGel applied entirely to plants in the field and in a split proportion increased ascorbic acid content. Simultaneously, irrigation and hydrogel application in a split proportion increased total sugar content as compared to the plants in which the hydrogel was only applied to the seedlings
Stress responses of spring rape plants to soil flooding
Authors: Balakhnina T. , Bennicelli R. , Stêpniewska Z. , Stêpniewski W. , Borkowska A. , Fomina I. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Stress responses of spring rape to soil hypoxia were investigated during 8-days flooding. Soil air-filled porosity decreased from 25-30% to 0%, oxygen diffusion rate - from 2.6-3.5 to 0.34 μmol O2 m-2 s-1, and redox potential - from 460 to 150mVwithin few hours. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in roots increased up to 7-fold after one day of flooding and then decreased to 170% of control. Superoxide dismutase activity in roots increased by 27% during first 3 days and then dropped to 60% of control; in the leaves superoxide dismutase activity increased in average by 44%. Ascorbate peroxidase activity in leaves increased by 37% during first 3 days and then decreased to control value. Glutathione reductase activity increased by 45% in roots of flooded plants but did not change in leaves. Proline concentration in leaves increased up to 4-fold on the 3d day of flooding and then decreased to control value. Thus soil flooding induces increase of alcohol dehydrogenase activity and subsequent increase of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities in roots while the leaves display a few days increase of free proline concentration and ascorbate peroxidase activity, and a long-term increase of superoxide dismutase activity.
Stabilities of ant nests and their adjacent soils
Authors: Echezona B.C. , Igwe C.A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Nests habour ants and termites and protect them from harsh environmental conditions. The structural stabilities of nests were studied to ascertain their relative vulnerability to environmental stresses. Arboreal-ant nests were pried from different trees, while epigeous-termite nests were excavated from soil surface within the sample area. Soils without any visible sign of ant or termite activity were also sampled 6 m away from the nests as control. Laboratory analysis result showed that irrespective of the tree hosts, the aggregate stabilities of the ant nests were lower than those of the ground termite, with nests formed on Cola nitida significantly showing lower aggregate stability (19.7%) than other antnest structures. Clay dispersion ratio, moisture content, water stable aggregate class <0.25mm and sand mass were each negatively correlated with aggregate stability, while water stable aggregate class1.00-0.50 mm gave a positive correlation. Nest structures were dominated more by water stable aggregate class >2.00 mm but path analysis demonstrated that water stable aggregate class <0.25 mm contributed most to the higher aggregate stability of the termite nest than the other nest. Nest aggregates had greater structural stability compared to the control soil. The higher structural stability of termite nests over other nest and soil was considered a better adaptive mechanism against body desiccation.
Enhancement in growth and yield of mushroom using magnetic field treatment
Authors: Jamil Y. , Haq Zia ul , Iqbal M. , Perveen T. , Amin N. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The magnetic treatment effects on mushroom spawn growth and yield were studied. The spawn of mushroom were exposed to full-wave rectified sinusoidal magnetic field. The spawn were grown after magnetic field treatment under controlled laboratory conditions. The magnetic field treatment resulted in significant increase (P<0.05) in the growth and yield of mushroom. The number of pin heads formed, number of pin heads developed into mature mushrooms, fresh (wet) and dry masses increased up to 38.18, 34.83, 76.43, and 38.26%, respectively, while reduction in number of days for spawn complete running and number of days for appearance of pin heads was found to be -3.14 and -26.86%, respectively.
Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on green asparagus quality during cold storage
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Min , Wang Shaojin , Wu Zhishuang 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Green asparagus was treated with 1-methylcyclopropene at three concentration levels at room temperature for 24 h after harvest to evaluate the postharvest quality during cold storage at 4°C. Comparing with the controls, the loss of vitamin C, decomposition of chlorophyll, and accumulation of the malonydiadehyde under treatments of 1-methylcyclopropene were reduced during storage. The enzyme activities in asparagus including peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene treatments, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was enhanced. Based on non-significant difference of the treated samples with 6 ìl l-1, 1-methylcyclopropene treatments at 4 ìl l-1 could be selected to maintain postharvest quality of green asparagus and provide long storage life.
Optical properties of the ice cover on Vendyurskoe lake, Russian Karelia (1995–2012)
Authors: Zdorovennova G. , Zdorovennov R. , Palshin N. , Terzhevik A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSolar radiation penetrating the ice is one of the most important factors that determine the functioning of lake ecosystem in late winter. Parameterization of the attenuation of solar radiation in the snow-ice sheet is an essential tool in the study of the light regime of ice-covered lakes. The optical properties of the snow-ice sheet in Vendyurskoe lake, northwestern Russia, are investigated on the basis of long-term field observations (1995–2012). The four-layer approach (snow, white ice, slush and congelation ice) is used to study the attenuation of the downwelling planar irradiance in the snow-ice sheet. The bulk attenuation coefficients for four layers (18.8 m–1 for snow, 6 m−1 for white ice, 3.5 m−1 for slush and 2.1 m−1 for congelation ice) are calculated by the quasi-Newton method. A comparison of observed and calculated values of the irradiance beneath the ice shows that the determined coefficients adequately describe the attenuation of the downwelling irradiance by snow-ice cover.
Modelling snow and ice thickness in the coastal Kara Sea, Russian Arctic
Authors: Cheng Bin , Mäkynen Marko , Similä Markku , Rontu Laura , Vihma Timo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSnow and ice thickness in the coastal Kara Sea, Russian Arctic, were investigated by applying the thermodynamic sea-ice model HIGHTSI. The external forcing was based on two numerical weather prediction (NWP) models: the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model. A number of model experiments were carried out applying different snow parameterization schemes. The modelled ice thickness was compared with in situ measurements and the modelled snow thickness was compared with the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) snow thickness. The HIRLAM and ECMWF model results agreed with each other on air temperature and wind. The NWP model precipitation forecasts caught up the synoptic-scale snowfall events, but the magnitude was liable to errors. The ice growth was modelled reasonably well applying HIGHTSI either with a simple parameterization for snow thickness or with the HIRLAM or ECMWF model precipitation as input. For the latter, however, an adjustment of snow accumulation in early winter was necessary to avoid excessive accumulation and consequent underestimation of ice thickness. Applying effective snow heat conductivity improved the modelled ice thickness. The HIGHTSI-modelled snow thickness had a seasonal evolution similar to that of the AMSR-E snow thickness. New field data are urgently needed to validate NWP and ice models and remote-sensing products for snow and sea ice in the Kara Sea.
Dire l'identité des « communautéz de ville »
Authors: Dutour Thierry 
Published: February 2013

L’identité des communautés urbaines se manifeste dans les rapports qu’elles entretiennent avec les pouvoirs territoriaux. A partir du moment où se diffuse depuis les années 1230 la langue vulgaire dans les écrits de la pratique, des écrits de plus en plus nombreux témoignent de ces rapports. Leur examen révèle l’expression d’une identité politique dont l’élément principal est l’affirmation du caractère représentatif du pouvoir exercé au nom de la communauté, qui est une association volontaire. Ses membres sont toujours les destinataires ultimes du discours du Prince. Dans l’espace francophone l’identité urbaine est conçue et exprimée, selon les documents de la pratique, avant tout comme celle d’une personne morale représentant, dans certaines limites, les intérêts des personnes physiques. Cette expression de l’identité et cette conception du groupe sont un phénomène général, et une nouveauté.
Evaluation of micronutrient status in serum and saliva of oral submucous fibrosis patients: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Shetty Shishir Ram , Babu Subhas , Kumari Suchetha , Shetty Pushparaja , Vijay R , Karikal Arvind 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is one of the most commonly occurring potentially malignant disorders in India and south East Asian countries where betel chewing is common practice. Iron and ascorbic acid are important agents for collagen synthesis. Aims: The aims of this study were to estimate the levels of iron and ascorbic acid in serum and saliva in patients with OSMF and to correlate change in levels of iron and ascorbic acid with the histopathological grading of OSMF. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of 65 clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of OSMF; 21 age- and sex-matched controls were also enrolled in the study. Serum and salivary ascorbic acid were analyzed by the dintrophenyl hydrazine method whereas serum and salivary iron were analyzed by the dipyridyl method. Results: The serum and salivary ascorbic acid levels consistently decreased with the progression of histopathologiocal grading of OSMF. Serum and salivary iron levels were also decreased in OSMF patients, but this was not significant. Conclusion: Ascorbic acid and iron may have been used for the excessive collagen synthesis occurring during progression of OSMF. Hence, serum and salivary monitoring may play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of OSMF.
Innovative use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope
Authors: Mehta Kaveri A , Ambulkar Reshma P , Sharma Kailash S , Chaukar Devendra A 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTracheostomy can be challenging, especially in the presence of edema or infiltrative malignancy. We present a case in which a fiberoptic bronchoscope that is routinely used for difficult intubation helped to locate the trachea in an emergency situation. A 50 year-old male, a diagnosed case of anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid, presented with respiratory distress and was immediately taken to the operating theater for an emergency tracheostomy. Following an inhalational induction, the patient was intubated with an endotracheal tube. Surgical tracheostomy was extremely difficult as, on neck exploration, there was a plaque of disease infiltrating various tissue planes. When even after considerable dissection the trachea could not be located, we passed a fiberoptic bronchoscope through the endotracheal tube. This helped as it was seen as a trans- illumination and the tracheal position could be confirmed. The rest of the tracheostomy was uneventful.
Sebaceous carcinoma and systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Joshi Poonam , Joshi Amit , Norohna Vanita , Prabhash Kumar , Kane Subhdha , D′cruz Anil 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor, which arises from the adnexal epithelium of sebaceous glands. Sebaceous glands are present all over the body and hence have variable sites of origin, histological growth patterns, and clinical presentations. Here, we report a case of recurrent extraocular sebaceous carcinoma of left occipital region with lung metastases who went into complete remission with chemotherapy for lung metastasis. Role of chemotherapy in the management ofmetastatic sebaceous carcinoma is evolving. Combination chemotherapy can result in long term remission as described in this case report.
American Folklore Scholarship, Tales of the North American Indians, and Relational Communities
Authors: Rudy Jill Terry 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article acknowledges that folklore studies has sometimes overlooked the imperatives of relational communities with the publication of tale collections. By privileging stories as texts and objectifying literacy as a stage of human development, some authors of tale collections have followed long-standing societal norms and ignored the primary imperative of maintaining relations to remain a community. Analyzing the introductions to Tales of the North American Indians (Thompson 1929) and four other collections of American Indian stories published between 1892 and 1929, I show how authors associated literacy, lands, stories, and people to confirm or disrupt assumptions of American Indians as pre-literate, primitive, vanishing, or ongoing peoples. With greater awareness of evolutionary assumptions and relational perspectives at play in a crucial disciplinary genre, folklorists may produce and receive tale collections in ways that better evaluate how stories relate storytellers with lands and communities.
An Arbitrary Load Torque Generator for Studying Electric Drives in a Laboratory Environment
Authors: Molina-García A. , Gómez E. , Fuentes J. A. 
Published: February 2013

This paper presents an arbitrary load torque generator for simulating real mechanical loads, such as fans, conveyors, compressors or winders, recently incorporated into the undergraduate electric machine courses at Cartagena Polytechnic University (Spain). The system has been built and tested at the Electric Machines and Drives Laboratory, proving to be a great teaching tool for electric machine laboratory experiments. In order to obtain a low cost solution and offer a practical point of view, all the system components – variable frequency drives, a.c. brushless servo machine, induction motor and touch screen terminal – have been chosen from industrial manufacturers. The main advantage of this modular design is that it enables monitoring of voltage and current waveforms from any point of interest, extending its educational possibilities towards power electronic areas. Different tests and their results have also been included in this paper.