bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Textual Criticism of the
Authors: Indraccolo Lisa 
Published: February 2014

The present article compares the two principal received editions of the Gongsun Longzi in the Daozang and the Shuofu collections. Exploring the considerable number of textual variants between these two editions, the analysis challenges the acknowledged status of the Daozang as the superior version. Instead, both the Daozang and the Shuofu editions are at times inferior or superior to one another. Therefore, in the interpretation of the Gongsun Longzi both editions need to be consulted in order to unravel certain obscure passages. Altogether, due to the generally high degree of coherence between the two editions, the understanding of the Gongsun Longzi is significantly affected by textual variants only in a limited number of cases. This further suggests that the Daozang and Shuofu editions do not represent two separate lines of transmission but rather two textual witnesses of a common line.  Cet article compare les deux principales éditions reçues du Gongsun Longzi, recueillies respectivement dans le Daozang et dans le Shuofu. L’analyse des multiples variantes textuelles entre les deux versions conduit à remettre en question la supériorité généralement admise de celle du Daozang. En réalité, chacune des deux éditions est suivant les cas supérieure ou inférieure à l’autre. Pour interpréter le Gongsun Longzi il convient par conséquent de consulter l’une et l’autre si l’on veut éclaircir certains passages obscurs. Dans la mesure où dans l’ensemble les deux éditions présentent un degré élevé de cohérence entre elles, les cas où la compréhen­sion du texte est affectée de façon significative par les variantes restent finalement peu nombreux. Ce qui suggère que les versions du Daozang et du Shuofu représentent non pas deux lignées séparées de transmission, mais plutôt deux témoignages d’une seule et même lignée.
Return to an Inner Utopia
Authors: Yang Zhiyi 
Published: February 2014

This article examines Su Shi’s systematic matching of Tao Qian’s poetry during his last periods of exile to the far south. Su understood the aesthetic features of Tao’s poetry as having an ethical dimension. Through emulation of Tao Qian, Su Shi reinterpreted his exile to be a result of his natural inclinations, just like Tao’s reclusion, and even as a felicitous condition for his “return” to an original state of authenticity and spontaneity. By assuming certain agency for his suffering, Su Shi claimed control over his fate and reasserted his freedom of choice. Meanwhile, his poetry betrays a sense of anxiety and dislocation in his natural and cultural habitats, as well as alienation from the political center. As a result, he reimagined Tao Qian’s “Peach Blossom Spring” to be an inner utopia. His return into this inner realm was further informed by Daoist alchemical practices and contained esoteric features. Cet article s’intéresse à la façon systématique dont Su Shi a composé des poèmes à l’imitation de ceux de Tao Qian pendant ses dernières périodes d’exil dans l’extrême-Sud. Pour lui, les propriétés esthétiques de la poésie de Tao Qian avaient une dimension éthique. Imiter Tao était un moyen de réinterpréter son exil comme s’il résultait de ses inclinations naturelles, à l’instar de la réclusion que Tao s’était imposée, voire comme une occasion bienvenue de retrouver un état original d’authenticité et de spontanéité. Se voulant responsable de ses propres souffrances, Su Shi revendiquait le contrôle de son destin et réaffirmait sa liberté de choix. En même temps, sa poésie révèle toute l’anxiété et la perturbation que lui causait l’environnement naturel et culturel où il avait été jeté, autant que sa séparation d’avec les centres de pouvoir. Du coup, il concevait “La source aux fleurs de pêcher” de Tao Qian comme une utopie intérieure. Son retour vers cet univers intime était par ailleurs informé par les pratiques alchimistes taoïstes et présente certains traits d’ésotérisme.
Sex, Status, and the Normalization of the Law
Authors: Xiangyu 胡祥雨 Hu 
Published: February 2014

When the Qing court adjudicated illicit sex cases involving imperial clansmen, a clear distinction was made between the nature of the crime and the applicability of punishment. This distinction reveals an imbalance in the way law was normalized in Qing China. Definitions of illicit sexual behavior reflected a relatively uniform standard that applied to different social statuses and ethnicities, while punishment for offenders was often differentiated and proved to be much more closely related to social standing. Thus, in terms of their behavior, imperial clansmen were generally subject to the same legal liability as the rest of the population, but when it came to punishment their status was emphasized, and consequently they often enjoyed special legal privilege. Lorsque la cour des Qing jugeait des cas de crimes sexuels impliquant des membres du clan impérial, elle faisait clairement la distinction entre la nature du délit et l’application de la peine. Cette distinction révèle un déséquilibre dans le processus de normalisation du droit dans la Chine des Qing. La définition des comportements sexuels illicites reflétait la norme relativement uniforme s’appliquant à différents statuts sociaux et différents groupes ethniques; en revanche les peines infligées aux coupables étaient volontiers différenciées et s’avéraient dépendre beaucoup plus de leur situation sociale. Ainsi, du point de vue de leurs comportements les membres du clan impérial étaient en général tenus pour légalement responsables de la même façon que le reste de la population, alors que lorsqu’il s’agissait de leur appliquer des sanctions on faisait valoir leur statut, si bien qu’ils bénéficiaient souvent de privilèges légaux.
Textual Corruptions, or Linguistic Phenomena? The Cases in 2 Samuel (MT)
Authors: Tsumura D. T. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The MT of the Books of Samuel has usually been taken as textually corrupt due to scribal errors. However, many often advocated textual emendations can be seen as unnecessary when one understands the linguistic nature of the unusual forms. Some of the cases in 2 Samuel may be explained as phonetic spellings, such as omission of aleph (e.g. 20:5, 9), assimilations (e.g. 5:13a; 13:16; 18:3, 12), metathesis (20:14; 22:46), and sandhi (22:40; 23:9, 20, 21). Another example is aposiopesis in direct speech (13:16; also 1 Sam 1:22). Furthermore, new understandings of linguistic phenomena such as the “vertical grammar” of poetic parallelism (Ps 18:11; cf. 2 Sam 22:12) and discourse grammar, especially the sequence of the verbal forms in Hebrew narrative prose (e.g. 2 Sam 4:5-7) can aid analysis.
Bursaphelenchus gillanii sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) – a new species of the xylophilus group in packaging wood imported from China
Authors: Schönfeld Ute , Braasch Helen , Riedel Marko , Gu Jianfeng 
Published: February 2014

A new Bursaphelenchus species of the xylophilus group was detected in coniferous packaging wood imported with goods from China in 2011. The new species is described herein and compared with other species of the xylophilus group. Bursaphelenchus gillanii sp. n. has a slim body (a = 31 (28-34) and 33 (29-36) in females and males, respectively), c′ = 3.8 (3.2-4.5) and 2.1 (1.7-2.5) in females and males, respectively, a large vulval flap, a 5-7 μm long digitate mucro as a continuation of the female tail, excretory pore at or closely posterior to the median bulb, strongly arcuate spicules, 34 (31-37) μm long as measured along the median line, with prominent pointed rostrum and small cucullus. The ITS-RFLP pattern of the new species obtained by digestion of the PCR product with RsaI, HaeIII, MspI, HinfI and AluI is different from other known Bursaphelenchus species. Results of sequencing the ITS1/2 region demonstrate the close relationship of the new species to B. mucronatus and B. xylophilus.
Suppressive effects of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus on pine wilt disease development and mortality of B. xylophilus-inoculated pine seedlings
Authors: Liao Si-Mi , Kasuga Satomi , Togashi Katsumi 
Published: February 2014

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes pine wilt disease in Pinus trees whereas B. mucronatus has no or little virulence to the trees. Interspecific crossing experiments conducted so far suggest reproductive interference between the two nematode species. Theory predicts that one of the two competing species populations quickly displaces the other through reproductive interference in a frequency-dependent manner. Thus, it is anticipated that B. mucronatus suppresses the virulence of B. xylophilus against pine trees when B. mucronatus heavily outnumber B. xylophilus. To determine the suppressive effects of B. mucronatus, the two nematode species were inoculated simultaneously on 30 3-year-old Pinus thunbergii seedlings at three combinations of different numbers, and B. xylophilus alone was inoculated on 30 other seedlings at the corresponding numbers in early August. Seedlings were observed at intervals of 4 or 6 weeks and two stem sections were sampled from each seedling to determine the density and species composition of nematode populations after death or in December. Inoculation of B. mucronatus significantly retarded the speed of foliage discolouration from 0.170 ± 0.024 week−1 to 0.061 ± 0.017 week−1 and significantly prolonged the survival time of seedlings. Bursaphelenchus mucronatus significantly reduced the nematode density from 1799.7 ± 305.0 to 521.0 ± 148.4 (g dried seedling stem)−1. Analysis of rDNA genotype showed 1846 B xylophilus, no B. mucronatus and one hybrid.
Embedded Marketization as Transnational Path Departure. Assessing Recent Change in Home Care Systems Comparatively
Authors: Bode Ingo , Bode Ingo , Champetier Brice , Bode Ingo , Champetier Brice , Chartrand Sébastien 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDrawing on a distinctive model for qualitative comparison, this article assesses four different home care systems with an eye on the nature of change affecting these systems over the last three decades. Developments of national configurations are labeled in the light of situations found in other countries. It is argued that there is embedded convergence: Internationally, the multi-dimensional reorganization of home care systems takes shape with an encompassing ‘marketisation of care’ while, at national level, the factual adoption of characteristics typical of foreign home care systems proceeds within pre-existing traditions that are not completely ruled out by this process of mutual adjustment.
Contradictions of Global Neoliberalism
Authors: DuRand Cliff 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Neoliberalism is the default position of capitalism in the absence of countervailing pressure on capital from popular forces pressing for greater social justice. The contradictions of unbridled neoliberalism are the contradictions of unrestrained capitalism. It is a system that tends toward self-destruction. To survive, it needs the restraining hand of the state, frequently brought into play by demands of the popular classes. With the globalization of capital in its corporate form, it is escaping the regulatory reach of nation-states.
With the assistance of globalized states, transnational capital is building its own governance structure through the World Trade Organization and multilateral trade agreements like the TransPacific Partnership. What is emerging is an unbridled neoliberal regime in which states are only the administrative agents that protect capital against the popular classes. Being constructed secretly, bit by bit, is a global regime in which corporations are the citizens and globalized states are the local administrative units that enforce corporate dictates and maintain order. This is a world without popular sovereignty and without democracy. It is a world ruled by an insulated technocratic elite serving the interests of global capital. Without countervailing force from the popular classes, will it be able to arrest its self-destructive tendencies?
“Your Mall with it All:” Luxury Development in a Globalizing African City
Authors: Hobden Deborah 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this article I examine the impact of luxury development on an African city through a case study of the Accra Mall, in Accra, Ghana. Completed in 2008, the mall is the first self-contained shopping and leisure destination in the country and has been celebrated for propelling Ghana into the modern era. Situating the Accra Mall within the globalization of Accra, I contrast the private consumption-oriented development of twenty-first century Accra with the public architecture of the 1950s and 1960s, arguing that contemporary development in Accra responds to the demands of elite urban consumers while marginalizing the needs of the majority of urban residents. I then explore how elite development is contributing to shifting notions of urban citizenship, whereby citizenship is being defined in increasingly neoliberal and consumerist terms.
Paul Klee: Trees and the Art of Life
Authors: Baracchi Claudia 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The artist understands his work as intimately connected with the life and symbolism of plants. Art, thus, demands an attunement to life’s elemental operations, the thrust “into dimensions far removed from the conscious process.” The first part of the present essay aims at recovering what is implied in the imagery of trees, delving into ancient archives of dormant collective memories and immemorial imaginal stratifications. The second and third parts, deploying the re-energized figure of the tree, explore the theme of the relation between art and life, indeed, what Klee calls the “art of life.” By reference to Klee’s 1924 Jena lecture and the artist’s diaries, the discussion addresses the intersecting themes of artistic formation, mindful self-formation, the vital importance of worldly roots, and the transcendent fragrance of flowers and fruits.
Tragic Representation: Paul Klee on Tragedy and Art
Authors: López María del Rosario Acosta 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper traces and examines the different connotations given to the notion of “tragedy” in Paul Klee’s thought. From his early reflections on, Klee relates this notion to an intermediate and conflictive condition that characterizes human existence—an existence that takes place between heaven and earth, between the ethereal and the earthly. This essay focuses on how the connotations Klee gives to tragedy in different moments of his reflections transform the way he conceives the work of art. Hence, I will attempt to show how Klee’s reflections relate the tragedy of human existence not only to the figure of the artist, understood as a tragic figure, but also to an idea of tragedy that the work produces and represents in its own particular way of coming into being. Thus, this paper poses a new approach to Klee’s suggestive proposal on modern art as well as to the meaning given to pictorial representation throughout his thought and artworks.
Driven from New Orleans: How Nonprofits Betray Public Housing and Promote Privatization, John Arena, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012
Authors: Saberi Parastou 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInDriven from New Orleans, John Arena focuses on the contradictory role of nonprofits in facilitating the consensual removal of poor, black residents from inner-city spaces as the result of the privatisation and demolition of public housing. His account is constructive for delving into the on-the-ground struggles around public housing and the complexities of urban politics, and, more importantly, for situating the housing question at the heart of working-class struggles. His emphasis on how the gradual construction of consent was imperative in paving the way for the sudden application of coercive force in the aftermath of Katrina is also a welcome correction to arguments that tend to see the post-Katrina policies as the cause célèbre of the striking and rapid reconfiguration of New Orleans. Arena, however, falls short of providing a historicised analysis of urban politics and the politics of nonprofits.
The Ritual of Palliya of Kizzuwatna (CTH 475)
Authors: Beckman Gary 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
An edition of the earliest ritual from Kizzuwatna to be imported into Hittite Anatolia. As such, it is the forerunner of the wave of Hurrian influence that would reshape the Hittite state cult during the empire period (14th–13th c. B.C.E.). Although the southern ruler to whom it is attributed undoubtedly carried out his worship in Hurrian, the present version is written in Hittite, but the text includes numerous Hurrian technical terms. It remains unclear why a rite centering on the Storm-god Teššup of the Kizzuwatnaean capital was still relevant in Hattusa two centuries after its composition.
Christ in context
Authors: Vorster Nico 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the inevitable contextual nature of Christology, highlights contextual and transcontextual issues in the study of Christology and then introduces the various contributions to this volume. Contextual issues that are highlighted is the need to develop a Christology that restores a transcendent frame of reference in a materialist world entrapped within an immanent frame of reference, the importance to rethink the relationship of Christ to the cosmos in light of developments within the natural sciences, the universal relevance of Christ and the theme of inculturation. Transcontextual issues that need to be addressed are the Jewish-Christian dialogue on Jesus as the fulfillment of the promise to Israel, the relationship between historical research on Jesus and theological-philosophical reflection on the nature of Christ, the relationship between high and low Christology, Jesus’s universal significance, the meaning of Christ’s atonement, the parousia of Christ and the limits of religious language about Christ.
The Christology of Simon Maimela—A Contextual, Systematic Theologian
Authors: Fick Paul Hendrik 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Simon Maimela was one of the first contextual theologians appearing on the scene in the 1970s in South Africa. He obtained a ThD at Harvard University in 1978 and was appointed inter alia as lecturer in the Department of Systematic Theology at Unisa. Like other contextual theologians his writings give evidence of a search for an ongoing dialogue between ‘text’ and ‘context.’ They have a strong Christological character, which corresponds with his conviction that liberation theology should be a keen exponent of a doctrine of atonement. This article is an attempt to investigate and describe the way in which his Christology stands in relation to a number of systematic theological loci. This is done within a broader context of the nature of African and South African Christology. The impact of his theological reflection in South Africa is finally assessed in the light of his view on the Bible.
A Dialog between Patristic Christology and the Yin-Yang Perspective on the Relationship of Christ’s Nature with his Person
Authors: Cha Jaeseung 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Although Christian theologians find the yin-yang perspective in Taoism relevant to Christology, the yin-yang’s movement of “harmony with conflict as complementary beings for each other” is not accord with complexities of the diverse realities of Christ’s two natures. Nonetheless, the yin-yang perspective based on its cosmo-anthropology sheds new light on the controversies over the relationship between Christ’s nature and his person. While patristic Christology was conceptualized by the Greek dualism in understanding the relationship between Christ’s nature and his person, the yin-yang perspective connects the ultimate root of all things (根本) to humans. With both continuity and distinctiveness between nature and person understood, we may find a clue that Christ’s divinity, without losing its distinctive nature from humanity, has continuity with Christ’s sacrificial death and that his humanity participates in Christ’s person as he shares and bears all things on the cross.
‘Scamming’: Wanton Criminality or Resistance? Making the Case for Public Theology in the Light of the Legacy of Sam Sharpe
Authors: Roper Garnett 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article reflects upon the existing situation facing the Jamaican underclass in the light of the paradigm and legacy of Sam Sharpe, Christian martyr and Jamaican national hero who led the Baptist war that contributed immensely to ending slavery in the British Empire. The article suggests, using the rise of Lotto Scam as an example—which, as is explained below, is a form of advance fee fraud perpetrated against mostly senior citizens in the US—that the legacy of Sam Sharpe has not been pursued without deviation. The article contends that both the Jamaican society and its faith community have retreated from the pursuit of justice and equality. The moral degeneration of the community, of which the Lotto Scam is a signal and an example, is a product of the neglect of duty by the heirs and successors of Sam Sharpe. In addition, the article suggests that the Lotto Scam is the result of the following: first, the retreat of the faith community from activism and conscientization of the masses of the people in terms of moral formation; secondly, the failure to complete the liberation in economic terms, in particular, ignoring the matters arising, including reparations and enfranchisement through land distribution; and, thirdly, the impact of cultural penetration and the rise of consumerism (coca-colonization) as a new form of oppression and control of the masses.
The Role of the Maroons in the 1865 Morant Bay Freedom War
Authors: Dick Devon 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article considers the role of the Maroons in Jamaican history. Mindful that, today, Jamaica still experiences tension between the descendants of the Maroons and of Paul Bogle, this article examines the historical roots of this tension and suggests that there is scope for healing across both parties. Regardless of the present-day implications of these historical debates, however, the article is essentially an historical investigation that seeks to uncover what actually happened and what were the dominant motivations of the key players.
Public Theology and ‘The Fragment’: Duncan Forrester, David Tracy, and Walter Benjamin
Authors: Myatt William 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPublic theologians as diverse as Duncan Forrester and David Tracy have pointed to ‘the fragment’ as a useful and timely form of theological reflection. This article considers the possibility of the fragmentary form for public theology by complementing the suggestions of Forrester and Tracy with Walter Benjamin’s critical philosophy of history. Benjamin’s use of the fragment as a genre of expression reflects a desire to retrieve history without perpetuating history’s oppressive tendencies. Public theologians suspicious of these tendencies would do well not only to emulate Benjamin’s fragmentary style but to understand and embrace the philosophical reflections driving it. After summarizing the turn to the fragment in Forrester and Tracy, this article continues with a consideration of Benjamin, highlighting the possibilities for liberation and critique in a public theology dependent on his philosophy.