bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four crops based cropping pattern studies for increasing cropping intensity and productivity in Rajshahi region of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain I , Mondal MRI , Islam MJ , Aziz MA , Khan ASM MR , Begum F 
Published: August 2015

A field trial was conducted at the Regional Wheat Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Rajshahi to study the comparative agronomic performance and economic return of four crops based cropping patterns. The cropping patterns were as follows: CP1= Transplanted Aman rice (cv. Binadhan-7)Mustard (cv. BARI Sarisha14)Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan28)  Transplanted Aus rice (cv. Parija); CP2= T. Aman ricePotato (cv. Diamont)Boro riceT.Aus rice; CP3=T. Aman riceMustard (cv. BARI Sarisha15)Mungbean (cv. BARI Mung 6) T. Aus rice and CP4 = T. Aman riceFallowBoro riceFallow (Control). The results showed that four crops could be grown successfully one after another in a sequence in the field with three crops patterns. The highest rice equivalent yield (REY) 25.62 t ha-1 was obtained from the cropping pattern CP2 (T. Aman ricePotatoBoro riceT.Aus rice) and it was followed by CP1 (18.49) and CP3 (16.03) during one year crops cycle. The highest gross margin Tk. 148882 ha-1 was also obtained from CP2 followed by CP3 (Tk. 133315 ha-1). The highest MBCR (2.24) was however, obtained from the cropping pattern CP3 (T. AmanMustard MungbeanT. Aus). Based on overall yield performance, economic benefit and climatic situation of Rajshahi region it may be concluded that CP3 was the best pattern than others.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 55-60
Effect of planting density on the performance of boro rice (BRRI dhan28)
Authors: Mahmud AM , Ali MY , Quddus KG , Parvin S 
Published: August 2015

A field experiment was conducted at the Agrotechnology Field Laboratory of Khulna University during the boro season to evaluate the effect of planting density on the performance of rice variety BRRI dhan28. The experiment received twelve treatments, which were divided into two distinct patterns - single row and paired row. The single row had four treatments and paired row had eight treatments. Planting densities were 40, 27, 20 and 16 hills m-2. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Standard management practices were followed in raising crops. Results revealed that closer spacing produced higher yields where 40 hills m-2 produced the most (4.81 t ha-1), which was statistically similar with that of 27 hills m-2. Paired row planting showed better performance than single row planting. Plant height, grains panicle-1, sterile spikelets panicle-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield were found better in paired row planting. Paired row planting at a spacing of (35 cm + 15 cm) × 10 cm i.e row to row distance is 35 cm & 15 cm and hill to hill distance is 10 cm; found the highest grain yield (4.81 t ha-1) and the lowest yield (2.97 t ha-1) was found in single row using a spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 67-76
Performance of BARI developed USG applicator in boro rice field
Authors: Rahaman MA , Rahman MM , Uddin MM , Ahmed M , Roy S 
Published: August 2015

A trial was conducted at the FSRD site, Elenga and MLT site, Ghatail, Tangail during 2011-12 and 2012-13 to test the performance of the BARI developed USG applicator in boro rice and to find out the economic performance of the USG applicator in the farmers field. The BARI developed USG applicator was tested against the USG application by hand and the conventional method of granular urea application. The average higher grain yield (7.05 t ha-1 and 7.07 t ha-1) of two years were obtained from the plot of USG application with BARI applicator in the both locations, respectively The highest gross return (120410 Tk. ha-1 & 20290 Tk. ha-1) and gross margin (64346 Tk. ha-1 and 62164 Tk. ha-1) during 1011-12 and 2012-13 were obtained from the plots treated with USG by BARI applicator at the FSRD site Elenga and MLT site Ghatail, respectively. Field efficiency of BARI USG applicator and hand application was 0.12 hah-1 and 0.027 hah-1, respectively. BARI USG applicator saved time 77.65% compared to that of hand application of USG in boro rice field. It also saved labor cost against the USG application by hand and reduces 33% urea over the granular urea application in conventional method.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 77-81
Performance of sweet potato varieties in hilly area
Authors: Shaheenuzzamn M , Saha RR , Biswas A , Islam MS 
Published: August 2015

The experiment was conducted at the research field of Hill Tract Agricultural Research Station. Ramgarh, Khagrachari during Rabi season of 2012-2013 and 2013-14. Five different sweet potato varieties (BARI Sweetpotato-6, BARI Sweetpotato-7, BARI Sweetpotato-8, BARI Swwetpotato-9 and local cultivar were included as treatment variables in the experiment. BARI Sweetpotato-7 had significantly more number of vines (8.30) as compared to local cultivar and other new varieties such as BARI Sweetpotato-6, BARI Sweetpotato-8 and BARI Sweetpotato-9. Maximum number of tuber plant-1 (5.4 and 5.3), tuber length (15.30 and 15.80 cm), tuber diameter (5.10 and 5.20 cm), individual tuber weight (368.35 and 377.69 g) and tuber yield (19.89 and 20.13 t ha-1) was recorded from BARI Sweetpotato-9 during 2012-13 and 2013-14, respectively whereas local cultivar gave minimum values. The variety BARI Sweetpotato-9 out yielded local cultivar by 108.93 and 103.13 % during two consecutive years but highest net income (3,10,818 and 3, 15,617 Tk. ha-1) from BARI Sweetpotato-7Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 83-87
Physical characteristics of jackfruit at different harvesting times
Authors: Irin IJ , Haque MA , Rabbani MG , Biswas PK 
Published: August 2015

An experiment was conducted at the Jackfruit Research Project, Horticulture farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from December 2002 to July 2003 with the objectives to determine the physical characteristics of three types of jackfruit at different harvesting time vis a vis appropriate time of harvest of them. Physical craracteristics of three types indicated that bulb weight (%) decreased and rind weight (%) increased at later stages of harvesting. The bulb of Ghila was very soft at early harvesting stage but firm at late harvesting. The edible portion was found to be the highest (59.95%) in mid harvesting time and Dorosha type gave the maximum (55.21%). The fruits of late harvesting time had viviparous seed. Early and mid harvesting times were found to be better in all three types of Jackfruit and Ghila was found to be superior.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 89-94
Tangeretin inhibits IL-1β induced proliferation of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts and the production of COX-2, PGE2 and MMPs via modulation of p38 MAPK/ERK/JNK pathways
Authors: Li Yong-Ji , Zhang Ting , Tu Jian-Xin , Li Gang , Zhou Yan 
Published: August 2015

<p>The study aimed to determine the effect of tangeretin in inhibiting the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced proliferation of RASFs and suppression of the production of inflammatory mediators. RASFs were isolated from synovial tissue obtained from patients with RA during knee arthroscopy. The cells were exposed to IL‑1β (1.0 ng/mL) and/ or tangeretin (50 or 100 µM). Cell viability was assessed following treatments. Expressions of MMPs and COX-2 were analysed by real-time PCR and western blotting. Production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by RASFs were analysed by ELISA. Expressions of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) were assessed by western blotting. Tangeretin significantly inhibited the proliferation of RASFs, as well as down-regulated the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 and COX-2 mRNA and protein and also the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. Raised level of expression of NF-κB and PGE2 induced by IL-1β was reduced by tangeretin. Results indicate that tangeretin was effective in inhibiting the synovial fibroblast proliferation, as well regulated MMPs, COX-2, PGE2 via modulation of p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK pathways. </p><p> </p>
Decreased T Follicular Regulatory Cell/T Follicular Helper Cell (TFH) in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Rhesus Macaques May Contribute to Accumulation of TFH in Chronic Infection
Authors: Chowdhury Ankita , Del Rio Perla Maria Estrada , Tharp Greg K. , Trible Ronald P. , Amara Rama R. , Chahroudi Ann , Reyes-Teran Gustavo , Bosinger Steven E. , Silvestri Guido 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
T follicular helper cells (TFH) are critical for the development and maintenance of germinal center (GC) and humoral immune responses. During chronic HIV/SIV infection, TFH accumulate, possibly as a result of Ag persistence. The HIV/SIV-associated TFH expansion may also reflect lack of regulation by suppressive follicular regulatory CD4+ T cells (TFR). TFR are natural regulatory T cells (TREG) that migrate into the follicle and, similar to TFH, upregulate CXCR5, Bcl-6, and PD1. In this study, we identified TFR as CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CXCR5+PD1hiBcl-6+ within lymph nodes of rhesus macaques (RM) and confirmed their localization within the GC by immunohistochemistry. RNA sequencing showed that TFR exhibit a distinct transcriptional profile with shared features of both TFH and TREG, including intermediate expression of FOXP3, Bcl-6, PRDM1, IL-10, and IL-21. In healthy, SIV-uninfected RM, we observed a negative correlation between frequencies of TFR and both TFH and GC B cells, as well as levels of CD4+ T cell proliferation. Post SIV infection, the TFR/TFH ratio was reduced with no change in the frequency of TREG or TFR within the total CD4+ T cell pool. Finally, we examined whether higher levels of direct virus infection of TFR were responsible for their relative depletion post SIV infection. We found that TFH, TFR, and TREG sorted from SIV-infected RM harbor comparable levels of cell-associated viral DNA. Our data suggest that TFR may contribute to the regulation and proliferation of TFH and GC B cells in vivo and that a decreased TFR/TFH ratio in chronic SIV infection may lead to unchecked expansion of both TFH and GC B cells.
IL-9 Expression by Invariant NKT Cells Is Not Imprinted during Thymic Development
Authors: Monteiro Marta , Agua-Doce Ana , Almeida Catarina F. , Fonseca-Pereira Diogo , Veiga-Fernandes Henrique , Graca Luis 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cell thymic development can lead to distinct committed effector lineages, namely NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17. However, following identification of IL-9–producing iNKT cells involved in mucosal inflammation, their development remains unaddressed. In this study, we report that although thymic iNKT cells from naive mice do not express IL-9, iNKT cell activation in the presence of TGF-β and IL-4 induces IL-9 secretion in murine and human iNKT cells. Acquisition of IL-9 production was observed in different iNKT subsets defined by CD4, NK1.1, and neuropilin-1, indicating that distinct functional subpopulations are receptive to IL-9 polarization. Transcription factor expression kinetics suggest that regulatory mechanisms of IL-9 expression are shared by iNKT and CD4 T cells, with Irf4 and Batf deficiency deeply affecting IL-9 production. Importantly, adoptive transfer of an enriched IL-9+ iNKT cell population leads to exacerbated allergic inflammation in the airways upon intranasal immunization with house dust mite, confirming the ability of IL-9–producing iNKT cells to mediate proinflammatory effects in vivo, as previously reported. Taken together, our data show that peripheral iNKT cells retain the capacity of shaping their function in response to environmental cues, namely TGF-β and IL-4, adopting an IL-9–producing NKT cell phenotype able to mediate proinflammatory effects in vivo, namely granulocyte and mast cell recruitment to the lungs.
Human Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells Accumulate in Colon Adenocarcinomas but Produce Reduced Amounts of IFN-γ
Authors: Sundström Patrik , Ahlmanner Filip , Akéus Paulina , Sundquist Malin , Alsén Samuel , Yrlid Ulf , Börjesson Lars , Sjöling Åsa , Gustavsson Bengt , Wong S. B. Justin , Quiding-Järbrink Marianne 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a conserved TCR α-chain recognizing bacterial metabolites presented on the invariant MHC-related 1 molecule. MAIT cells are present in intestinal tissues and liver, and they rapidly secrete IFN-γ and IL-17 in response to bacterial insult. In colon cancer, IL-17–driven inflammation promotes tumor progression, whereas IFN-γ production is essential for antitumor immunity. Thus, tumor-associated MAIT cells may affect antitumor immune responses by their secreted cytokines. However, the knowledge of MAIT cell presence and function in tumors is virtually absent. In this study, we determined the frequency, phenotype, and functional capacity of MAIT cells in colon adenocarcinomas and unaffected colon lamina propria. Flow cytometric analyses showed significant accumulation of MAIT cells in tumor tissue, irrespective of tumor stage or localization. Colonic MAIT cells displayed an activated memory phenotype and expression of chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR9. Most MAIT cells in unaffected colon tissues produced IFN-γ, whereas only few produced IL-17. Colonic MAIT cells also produced TNF-α, IL-2, and granzyme B. In the tumors, significantly lower frequencies of IFN-γ–producing MAIT cells were seen, whereas there were no differences in the other cytokines analyzed, and in vitro studies showed that secreted factors from tumor tissue reduced IFN-γ production from MAIT cells. In conclusion, MAIT cells infiltrate colon tumors but their ability to produce IFN-γ is substantially reduced. We suggest that MAIT cells have the capacity to promote local immune responses to tumors, but factors in the tumor microenvironment act to reduce MAIT cell IFN-γ production.
The Neurorepellent Slit2 Inhibits Postadhesion Stabilization of Monocytes Tethered to Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Mukovozov Ilya , Huang Yi-Wei , Zhang Qiuwang , Liu Guang Ying , Siu Allan , Sokolskyy Yaroslav , Patel Sajedabanu , Hyduk Sharon J. , Kutryk Michael J. B. , Cybulsky Myron I. , Robinson Lisa A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The secreted neurorepellent Slit2, acting through its transmembrane receptor, Roundabout (Robo)-1, inhibits chemotaxis of varied cell types, including leukocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, toward diverse attractants. The role of Slit2 in regulating the steps involved in recruitment of monocytes in vascular inflammation is not well understood. In this study, we showed that Slit2 inhibited adhesion of monocytic cells to activated human endothelial cells, as well as to immobilized ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Microfluidic live cell imaging showed that Slit2 inhibited the ability of monocytes tethered to endothelial cells to stabilize their actin-associated anchors and to resist detachment in response to increasing shear forces. Transfection of constitutively active plasmids revealed that Slit2 inhibited postadhesion stabilization of monocytes on endothelial cells by preventing activation of Rac1. We further found that Slit2 inhibited chemotaxis of monocytes toward CXCL12 and CCL2. To determine whether Slit2 and Robo-1 modulate pathologic monocyte recruitment associated with vascular inflammation and cardiovascular disease, we tested PBMC from patients with coronary artery disease. PBMC from these patients had reduced surface levels of Robo-1 compared with healthy age- and sex-matched subjects, and Slit2 failed to inhibit chemotaxis of PBMC of affected patients, but not healthy control subjects, toward CCL2. Furthermore, administration of Slit2 to atherosclerosis-prone LDL receptor–deficient mice inhibited monocyte recruitment to nascent atherosclerotic lesions. These results demonstrate that Slit2 inhibits chemotaxis of monocytes, as well as their ability to stabilize adhesions and resist detachment forces. Slit2 may represent a powerful new tool to inhibit pathologic monocyte recruitment in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Macrophages and Myeloid Dendritic Cells Lose T Cell–Stimulating Function in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Associated with Diminished IL-12 and IFN-α Production
Authors: Wonderlich Elizabeth R. , Wu Wen-Chi , Normolle Daniel P. , Barratt-Boyes Simon M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Impaired T cell responses are a defining characteristic of HIV infection, but the extent to which altered mononuclear phagocyte function contributes to this defect is unclear. We show that mononuclear phagocytes enriched from rhesus macaque lymph nodes have suppressed ability to stimulate CD4 T cell proliferation and IFN-γ release after acute SIV infection. When individual populations were isolated, myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and macrophages but not plasmacytoid DC (pDC) had suppressed capacity to stimulate CD4 T cell proliferation, with macrophage function declining as infection progressed. Macrophages, but not pDC or mDC, had suppressed capacity to induce IFN-γ release from CD4 T cells in acute infection, even after stimulation with virus-encoded TLR7/8 ligand. Changes in expression of costimulatory molecules did not explain loss of function postinfection. Conversely, pDC and mDC had marked loss of IFN-α and IL-12 production, respectively, and macrophages lost production of both cytokines. In T cell cocultures without TLR7/8 ligand, macrophages were the primary source of IL-12, which was profoundly suppressed postinfection and correlated with loss of IFN-γ release by T cells. TLR7/8-stimulated pDC, mDC and macrophages all produced IL-12 in T cell cocultures, which was suppressed in chronic infection. Supplementing IL-12 enhanced mDC-driven IFN-γ release from T cells, and IL-12 and IFN-α together restored function in TLR7/8-activated macrophages. These findings reveal loss of macrophage and mDC T cell–stimulating function in lymph nodes of SIV-infected rhesus macaques associated with diminished IL-12 and IFN-α production that may be a factor in AIDS immunopathogenesis.
Vaccination Produces CD4 T Cells with a Novel CD154–CD40-Dependent Cytolytic Mechanism
Authors: Coler Rhea N. , Hudson Thomas , Hughes Sean , Huang Po-wei D. , Beebe Elyse A. , Orr Mark T. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The discovery of new vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer requires the development of novel adjuvants with well-defined activities. The TLR4 agonist adjuvant GLA-SE elicits robust Th1 responses to a variety of vaccine Ags and is in clinical development for both infectious diseases and cancer. We demonstrate that immunization with a recombinant protein Ag and GLA-SE also induces granzyme A expression in CD4 T cells and produces cytolytic cells that can be detected in vivo. Surprisingly, these in vivo CTLs were CD4 T cells, not CD8 T cells, and this cytolytic activity was not dependent on granzyme A/B or perforin. Unlike previously reported CD4 CTLs, the transcription factors Tbet and Eomes were not necessary for their development. CTL activity was also independent of the Fas ligand–Fas, TRAIL–DR5, and canonical death pathways, indicating a novel mechanism of CTL activity. Rather, the in vivo CD4 CTL activity induced by vaccination required T cell expression of CD154 (CD40L) and target cell expression of CD40. Thus, vaccination with a TLR4 agonist adjuvant induces CD4 CTLs, which kill through a previously unknown CD154-dependent mechanism.
Evaluación integral financiera, económica, social, ambiental y productividad del uso de bagazo de caña en la generación de energía Eléctrica en Nicaragua en ingenios no conectados a la red de energía eléctrica
Authors: Blanco Orozco Napoleón Vicente , Zúniga González Carlos Alberto , Arce Eduardo , Jaramillo Villanueva José Luis , Losilla Solano Luis , Colón García Adelfa Patricia 
Published: August 2015

Se realizó una evaluación integral financiera, económica, social, de productividad y ambiental del empleo del recurso energético bagazo de caña en dos ingenios de Nicaragua que son CASUR y MONTELIMAR que generan energía eléctrica de autoconsumo empleando bagazo de caña. Al realizar esta investigación se concluyó que es una actividad bastante rentable desde el punto de vista financiero, tanto el ingenio CASUR como el Montelimar, lo que sitúa a ambos ingenios en una actividad con grandes beneficios económicos derivados del uso de este recurso energético renovable para la sociedad en general, aunque el ingenio CASUR presenta mayor beneficio. Desde el punto de vista del impacto social ambos ingenios fueron valorados también como bastante rentables, lo que demuestra que la actividad del uso de bagazo de caña para la generación de energía eléctrica tiene gran contribución social. Desde el punto de vista de la productividad total de los factores de producción empleados en la generación de energía eléctrica ambos ingenios pueden mejorar el ritmo de crecimiento de productividad.
Collapse of a two‐dimensional brittle granular column: Implications for understanding dynamic rock fragmentation in a landslide
Authors: Langlois Vincent J. , Quiquerez Amélie , Allemand Pascal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe investigate numerically the failure, collapse, and flow of a two‐dimensional brittle granular column over a horizontal surface. In our discrete element simulations, we consider a vertical monolayer of spherical particles that are initially held together by tensile bonds, which can be irreversibly broken during the collapse. This leads to dynamic fragmentation within the material during the flow. Compared to what happens in the case of a noncohesive granular column, the deposit is much rougher, and the internal stratigraphic structure of the column is not preserved during the collapse. As has been observed in natural rockslides, we find that the deposit consists of large blocks laying on a lower layer of fine fragments. The influence of the aspect ratio of the column on the runout distance is the same as in the noncohesive case. Finally, we show that for a given aspect ratio of the column, the runout distance is higher when the deposit is highly fragmented, which confirms previous hypotheses proposed by Davies et al. (1999).
Automated detection and location of microseismicity at Mount St. Helens with a large‐N geophone array
Authors: Hansen Steven M. , Schmandt Brandon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the summer of 2014 a dense array of 904 geophones was deployed at Mount St. Helens along the road and trail system within 15 km distance of the summit crater. The array recorded continuous data for approximately 2 weeks and presents an unprecedented seismic observation of an active volcano. A reverse‐time imaging method is applied to short‐term‐average over long‐term‐average time series data to automatically detect and locate microseismicity. These efforts resulted in an order of magnitude increase in earthquake detections over the normal monitoring operations of the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. Earthquake locations resolve a narrow, ≤1 km wide, vertical lineament of seismicity which extends from the surface to 4 km depth directly beneath the summit crater. This feature is interpreted as a fracture network that acts as a conduit connecting an underlying magma chamber to the surface.