bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of naris occlusion on mouse nasal turbinate development
Authors: Coppola David , Craven Brent 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Unilateral naris occlusion, a standard method for causing odor deprivation, also alters airflow on both sides of the nasal cavity. We reasoned that manipulating airflow by occlusion could affect nasal turbinate development given the ubiquitous role of environmental stimuli in ontogenesis. To test this hypothesis, newborn mice received unilateral occlusion or sham surgery and were allowed to reach adulthood. Morphological measurements were then made of paraffin sections sampled throughout the nasal cavity. Occlusion significant affected the size, shape, and position of turbinates. In particular, the nasoturbinate, the focus of our quantitative analysis, had a more delicate appearance on the occluded side relative to the open side. Occlusion also caused an increase in the width of the dorsal meatus within the non-occluded and occluded nasal fossae, compared to controls, and the position of most turbinates was altered. These results suggest that a mechanical stimulus from respiratory airflow is necessary for the normal morphological development of turbinates. To explore this idea, we estimated the mechanical forces on turbinates due to airflow during normal respiration that would be abrogated by occlusion. MRI scans were used to construct a 3D model of the mouse nasal cavity that provided the input for a computational fluid dynamics simulation of nasal airflow. The simulation revealed maximum shear stress values for the walls of turbinates in the 1 Pa range, a magnitude that causes remodeling in other biological tissues. These observations raise the intriguing possibility that nasal turbinates develop partly under the control of respiratory mechanical forces.
Suspended sediment prolongs larval development in a coral reef fish
Authors: Wenger Amelia , McCormick Mark , Endo Geoffrey , McLeod Ian , Kroon Frederieke , Jones Geoffrey 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIncreasing sediment input into coastal environments is having a profound influence on shallow marine habitats and associated species. Coral reef ecosystems appear to be particularly sensitive, with increased sediment deposition and re-suspension being associated with declines in the abundance and diversity of coral reef fishes. While recent research has demonstrated that suspended sediment can have negative impacts on post-settlement coral reef fishes, its effect on larval development has not been investigated. In this study, we tested the effects of different levels of suspended sediment on larval growth and development time in Amphiprion percula, a coral reef damselfish. Larvae were subjected to four experimental concentrations of suspended sediment spanning the range found around coastal coral reefs (0-45 mg L-1). Larval duration was significantly longer in all sediment treatments (~12.5d) compared to the average larval duration in the control treatment (11d). Approximately three quarters of the fish in the control had settled by day 11, compared to only 40-46% among the sediment treatments. In the highest sediment treatment, some individuals had a larval duration twice that of the mean median duration in the control treatment. Unexpectedly, in the low sediment treatment, fish at settlement were significantly were longer and heavier compared to the other treatments, suggesting delayed development was independent of individual condition. A sediment-induced extension of the pelagic larval stage could significantly reduce numbers of larvae competent to settle, and in turn, have major effects on adult population dynamics.
Calcium uptake in aquatic insects: Influences of phylogeny and metals (Cd and Zn)
Authors: Poteat Monica , Buchwalter David 
Published: December 2013

SummaryCalcium sequestration in the hypo-osmotic freshwater environment is imperative in maintaining calcium homeostasis in freshwater aquatic organisms. This uptake process is reported to have the unintended consequence of potentially toxic heavy metal (Cd, Zn) uptake in a variety of aquatic species. However, calcium uptake remains poorly understood in aquatic insects, the dominant invertebrate faunal group on most freshwater ecosystems. Here we examined Ca uptake and interactions with heavy metals (Cd, Zn) at low ambient Ca levels (12.5 μmol l-1) in 12 aquatic insect species within Ephemerellidae (mayfly) and Hydropsychidae (caddis fly), two families differentially responsive to trace metal pollution. We found Ca uptake varied 70-fold across the 12 species studied. Body weight and clade (family) were found to significantly influence both Ca uptake and adsorption (p &lt; 0.05). Zn and Cd uptake rate constants (kus) exhibited a strong correlation (r = 0.96, p &lt; 0.0001), suggesting a shared transport system. Ca uptake failed to significantly correlate with either Zn or Cd kus. Further, neither Zn nor Cd exhibited inhibitory effects toward Ca uptake. In fact we saw evidence of modest stimulation of Ca uptake rates in some metal treatments. This work suggests that insects generally differ from other freshwater taxa in that aqueous Ca uptake does not appear to be compromised by Cd or Zn exposure. It is important to understand the trace metal and major ion physiology of aquatic insects due to their ecological importance and widespread use as ecological indicators.
The inefficiency of property paradox in the modern Russian economy
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: December 2013

One of the factors that determine the productivity of labor in modern Russia
is employment in the private sector. Employment in the private sector
significantly reduces the productivity and efficiency of the economy. This is
confirmed by econometric models developed on the basis of the regional
statistics for 2001–2011. The negative impact of employment in the private
sector proves that the institution of private property is inadequate in this
country.
The greater the negative effect of the ownership factor, the lower the capital/
labor rate in the region. As a result an institutional trap has emerged. On the one
hand, to reduce the negative impact of institution of property imperfectness it
is necessary to raise the capital/labor ratio. On the other hand, investments,
needed to raise the capital/labor ratio, are inefficient due to that same negative
effect of institution of property imperfectness on the productivity of labor.
As the econometric analysis reveals, an essential factor which has heavily
(up to 70%) contributed to current imperfectness and inefficiency of the private
property institution is the federal policy embodied in a set of Federal laws
enacted in 2005–2011.
Influence of export of the macadamia on economy of Сolombia
Authors: Мора П.  , Mora P. Santiago E. , Гуэвара А.  , Guevara A. Sebastian A. , Баутиста В.  , Bautista V. Paola H. 
Published: December 2013

Macadamia is one of the most potential export products of Colombia, due of its
high global demand, and a generator of economic growth and formal employment.
Therefore, this article will discuss about the impact of this crop in the
GDP’s growth of the major producing regions and employment generation in the
same, through statistical data and primary information, that will make an approach
in measuring the analyzed variables, and thus develop strategies that
allow the crop’s optimization and the creation of a higher added throughout the
production process.
Ways to internalize external effects in the modern russian economy
Authors: Хадиуллина  , Khadiullina G. , Хасанова  , Khasanova A. , Галиакберова  , Galiakberova L. 
Published: December 2013

The author provides rationale for the theoretic and methodological approach to
contents of institutions of external effects internalization in using the
epistemological potential of neo-institutional concept. Based on the findings,
the authors have developed practical advice on how to design internalization
methods conducive to the steady progress of the Russian economy. Three
types of methods for designing the institutional environment are proposed – for
the State, for business entities and for households – given the conditions of
counter-productive assets allocation (according to Pareto) and high transaction
costs of complete contract negotiation and execution.
The sustainability of economic development of the countries of Southeast Asia
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: December 2013

The method of determination of turning points of economic development and
evaluation of economic dynamics. The turning points of economic development
proposed to diagnose on anomalous dispersion rates of economic growth. Type
the economic dynamics of the country invited to be determined by comparing
the average rate of economic growth and the growth of the world economy.
The risk of instability of economic dynamics are encouraged to estimate
indicator, reflecting the relative variation in the pace of economic growth in
comparison with the variation of the growth rate of the world economy.
To determine the prospects for economic development in South-East Asia
investigated the economic dynamics of Burma (Myanmar), Brunei, Vietnam,
Cambodia (Kampuchea), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and
the Philippines. It is established that the countries of Southeast Asia except
Brunei is developing at an accelerated pace. Rates of growth of economy of
these countries exceed the growth rate of the world economy. South-East Asia
countries except Brunei are developing steadily. Stability and development of
Vietnam and Laos exceed the level of stability of development of the world
economy. Therefore, in South-East Asia should be considered to be preferable
business and trade partners of Vietnam and Laos.
The State of the Science of Employment and Economic Self-Sufficiency for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Nord Derek , Luecking Richard , Mank David , Kiernan William , Wray Christina 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Employment, career advancement, and financial independence are highly valued in the United States. As expectations, they are often instilled at a young age and incentivized throughout adulthood. Despite their importance, employment and economic sufficiency continue to be out of reach for most people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Over the last quarter century, extensive research and effort has been committed to understanding and improving these phenomena. This paper summarizes this employment research base by reviewing the literature on the effectiveness of the current employment support system, employment-specific interventions, and the economics and cost benefits of employment for people with IDD. Recommendations and directions for future research are also presented.
Bibliotheken der Zukunft – unbegrenzte Möglichkeiten
Authors: Altenhöner Reinhard , Frodl Christine , Gömpel Renate , Junger Ulrike , Mahnke Christel , Meyer-Heß Anke , Oehlschläger Susanne , Svensson Lars G. 
Published: December 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Vom 17. bis 23. August 2013 hat in Singapur der Weltkongress Bibliothek und Information, die 79. IFLA-Generalkonferenz stattgefunden. In diesem Beitrag berichten Kolleginnen und Kollegen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek sowie eine Kollegin vom Goethe-Institut Jakarta über die Veranstaltungen der Sektionen Bestandserhaltung, Bibliografie, Katalogisierung, Klassifikation und Indexierung, Informationstechnologie und Nationalbibliotheken sowie der Konferenz der Direktoren der Nationalbibliotheken.
Non-coralline crustose algae associated with maerl beds in Portugal: a reappraisal of their diversity in the Atlantic Iberian beds
Authors: Peña Viviana , Bárbara Ignacio 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In recent years (2007–2009), the distribution and associated flora of maerl beds in southern Portugal (Algarve) were investigated by dredging and SCUBA diving (12–30 m depth). The present work provides the first data on the non-coralline crustose flora associated with maerl beds in Portugal. Peyssonnelia bornetii is a new record for Atlantic European coasts, and new records for Portugal are “Rhododiscus pulcherrimus” (sporophyte phase of Atractophora hypnoides), Contarinia peyssonneliaeformis, “Cruoria rosea” (sporophyte phase of Halarachnion ligulatum), Peyssonnelia armorica, and “Aglaozonia chilosa” (sporophyte phase of Cutleria chilosa). In addition, the records of three other species (Hildenbrandia crouaniorum, Peyssonnelia dubyi, and Peyssonnelia harveyana) completed the distribution gap between the North Iberian Peninsula and the Macaronesian region. The female and carposporangial structures of C. peyssonneliaeformis and P. bornetii are described for the first time. The diversity and species composition observed are compared with previous studies from maerl beds in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula (Galicia) and neighboring areas in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. In order to facilitate and promote further studies of the crustose flora of subtidal habitats along European coasts, an identification key is provided for the 26 crustose taxa associated with maerl and gravel beds of the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
Far-Infrared Drying Characteristics of Mushroom Slices
Authors: Darvishi Hosain , Najafi Gholamhassan , Hosainpour Adel , Khodaei Jala , Aazdbakht Mohsen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this study, infrared drying characteristic of mushroom slices was investigated in the temperature range of 50–90°C. The drying data were fitted to five thin-layer drying models. The performance of these models was compared using the determination of coefficient (R2), reduced chi-square (χ2), and root mean square error between the observed and predicted moisture ratios. The values of the diffusivity coefficients at each temperature were obtained using Fick’s second law of diffusion. The drying processes were completed within 60–168 min at different temperatures. Experimental drying curves showed only a falling drying rate period. The results show that the logarithmic model is the most appropriate model for infrared drying behavior of thin-layer mushroom slices. A third-order polynomial relationship was found to correlate the effective moisture diffusivity with moisture content. The average effective moisture diffusivity increased with increasing temperature and decrease in moisture content of mushroom slices and varied from 8.039 × 10−10 to 20.618 × 10−10 m2/s. Arrhenius relation with an activation energy value of 21.85 kJ/mol expressed the effect of temperature on the average diffusivity. The minimum and the maximum energy requirements for drying of mushroom slices were also determined as 2.87 kW h/kg water and 5.36 kW h/kg water for 90 and 50°C, respectively.
An approach of the minimal model program for horospherical varieties via moment polytopes
Authors: Pasquier Boris 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

We describe the minimal model program in the family of ℚ-Gorenstein projective horospherical varieties, by studying a family of polytopes defined from the moment polytope of a Cartier divisor of the variety we begin with.
In particular, we generalize the results on MMP for toric varieties due to M. Reid, and we complete the results on MMP for spherical varieties due to M. Brion in the case of horospherical varieties.
Ethics and law in research with human biological samples: a new approach
Authors: Petrini Carlo 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
During the last century a large number of documents (regulations, ethical codes, treatises, declarations, conventions) were published on the subject of ethics and clinical trials, many of them focusing on the protection of research participants. More recently various proposals have been put forward to relax some of the constraints imposed on research by these documents and regulations. It is important to distinguish between risks deriving from direct interventions on human subjects and other types of risk. In Italy the Data Protection Authority has acted in the question of research using previously collected health data and biological samples to simplify the procedures regarding informed consent. The new approach may be of help to other researchers working outside Italy.
Melatonin and diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats: impact on the hypophysial-testicular axis
Authors: Bernasconi Pablo A. Scacchi , Cardoso Nancy P. , Reynoso Roxana , Scacchi Pablo , Cardinali Daniel P. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Combinations of fructose- and fat-rich diets in experimental animals can model the human metabolic syndrome (MS). In rats, the increase in blood pressure (BP) after diet manipulation is sex related and highly dependent on testosterone secretion. However, the extent of the impact of diet on rodent hypophysial-testicular axis remains undefined. In the present study, rats drinking a 10% fructose solution or fed a high-fat (35%) diet for 10 weeks had higher plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and lower plasma levels of testosterone, without significant changes in circulating follicle-stimulating hormone or the weight of most reproductive organs. Diet manipulation brought about a significant increase in body weight, systolic BP, area under the curve (AUC) of glycemia after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid levels. The concomitant administration of melatonin (25 μg/mL of drinking water) normalized the abnormally high LH levels but did not affect the inhibited testosterone secretion found in fructose- or high-fat-fed rats. Rather, melatonin per se inhibited testosterone secretion. Melatonin significantly blunted the body weight and systolic BP increase, the increase in the AUC of glycemia after an IPGTT, and the changes in circulating lipid profile and uric acid found in both MS models. The results are compatible with a primary inhibition of testicular function in diet-induced MS in rats and with the partial effectiveness of melatonin to counteract the metabolic but not the testicular sequelae of rodent MS.
Integrating electron and near-field optics: dual vision for the nanoworld
Authors: Haegel Nancy M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe integration of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) with the imaging and localized excitation capabilities of electrons in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) offers new capabilities for the observation of highly resolved transport phenomena in the areas of electronic and optical materials characterization, semiconductor nanodevices, plasmonics and integrated nanophotonics. While combined capabilities for atomic force microscopy (AFM) and SEM are of obvious interest to provide localized surface topography in concert with the ease and large spatial dynamic range of SEM and dual beam imaging (e.g., in-situ AFM following focused ion beam modification), integration with near-field optical imaging capability can also provide access to localized transport phenomena beyond the reach of far-field systems. In particular, the flexibility that is achieved with the capability for independent, high resolution placement of an electron source, providing localized excitation in the form of free carriers, photons or plasmons, with scanning of the optical collecting tip allows for unique types of “dual-probe” experiments that directly image energy transfer. We review integrated near-field and electron optics systems to date, highlight applications in a variety of fields and suggest future directions.
Low Incidence of Pseudoprogression by Imaging in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients Treated With Cediranib in Combination With Chemoradiation
Authors: Pinho Marco C. , Polaskova Pavlina , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Jennings Dominique , Emblem Kyrre E. , Jain Rakesh K. , Rosen Bruce R. , Wen Patrick Y. , Sorensen A. Gregory , Batchelor Tracy T. , Gerstner Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background.
Chemoradiation (CRT) can significantly modify the radiographic appearance of malignant gliomas, especially within the immediate post-CRT period. Pseudoprogression (PsP) is an increasingly recognized phenomenon in this setting, and is thought to be secondary to increased permeability as a byproduct of the complex process of radiation-induced tissue injury, possibly enhanced by temozolomide. We sought to determine whether the addition of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling inhibitor (cediranib) to conventional CRT had an impact on the frequency of PsP, by comparing two groups of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma before, during, and after CRT.

Methods.
All patients underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging as part of institutional review board-approved clinical studies. Eleven patients in the control group received only chemoradiation, whereas 29 patients in the study group received chemoradiation and cediranib until disease progression or toxicity. Response assessment was defined according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria, and patients with enlarging lesions were classified into true tumor progressions (TTP) or PsP, based on serial radiographic follow-up.

Results.
Two patients in the study group (7%) showed signs of apparent early tumor progression, and both were subsequently classified as TTP. Six patients in the control group (54%) showed signs of apparent early tumor progression, and three were subsequently classified as TTP and three as PsP. The frequency of PsP was significantly higher in the control group.

Conclusion.
Administration of a VEGF inhibitor during and after CRT modifies the expression of PsP by imaging.
Flexible Assertive Community Treatment, Severity of Symptoms and Psychiatric Health Service Use, a Real life Observational Study
Authors: Drukker Marjan , Visser Ellen , Sytema Sjoerd , van Os Jim 
Published: December 2013

Background:
Introduction of Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) may be associated with increased remission rates and changes in patterns of care. The present paper reports on differences in psychosocial functioning and health care use between patients in FACT and two groups of patients not currently provided with a specific model of community service.

Methods:
The ongoing "Pharmacotherapy Monitoring and Outcome Survey" provided routine outcome measures of patients using antipsychotics in the north of the Netherlands. Level of psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Health of the Nations Outcome Scales (HoNOS) and matched with psychiatric health care consumption obtained from the Psychiatric Case Register. Patients who never received FACT, patients ever in FACT but not at assessment date, and patients in FACT were identified. Data were subjected to multilevel linear regression analysis.

Results:
Data showed that most patients in FACT also had non-FACT episodes after the start of FACT. Furthermore, patients in FACT displayed higher levels of psychosocial functioning and used more outpatient care than the other two groups.

Conclusions:
Patients in FACT receive more outpatient care and have better psychosocial functioning. However, causal inferences cannot be derived from these data. In addition, membership of a FACT-team in this setting did not last indefinitely.