bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A link between tropical intraseasonal variability and Arctic stratospheric ozone
Authors: Li King‐Fai , Tian Baijun , Tung Ka‐Kit , Kuai Le , Worden John R. , Yung Yuk L. , Slawski Benjiman L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrevious studies using satellite measurements showed evidence that subtropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere ozone (O3) can be modulated by tropical intraseasonal variability, the most dominant form of which is the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) with a period of 30–60 days. Here we further study the MJO modulation in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere O3 over the northern extratropics and the Arctic. Significant MJO‐related O3 signals (13–20 Dobson units) are found over the northern extratropics (north of 30°N). The O3 anomalies change their magnitude and patterns depending on the phase of the MJO. Over the Arctic, the MJO‐related O3 anomalies are dominated by a wave number 2 structure and are anticorrelated with the geopotential height (GPH) anomalies at 250 hPa. The latter is similar to the findings in the previous studies over subtropics and indicates that the Arctic upper troposphere/lower stratosphere O3 anomalies are associated with dynamical motions near the tropopause. The teleconnection from the tropics to the Arctic is likely through propagation of planetary waves generated by the equatorial heating that affects the tropopause height and O3 at high latitudes.
Radiative and energetic constraints on the global annual mean atomic oxygen concentration in the mesopause region
Authors: Mlynczak Martin G. , Hunt Linda H. , Mertens Christopher J. , Marshall B. Thomas , Russell James M. , López Puertas Manuel , Smith Anne K. , Siskind David E. , Mast Jeffrey C. , Thompson R. Earl , Gordley Larry L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present a new approach to constrain and validate atomic oxygen (O) concentrations in the mesopause region (~ 80 to ~ 100 km). In a prior companion paper [Mlynczak et al., ], we presented O‐atom concentrations in the mesopause region inferred from measurements of day ozone and night hydroxyl emission rates made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument. The approach presented here uses the constraint of global, annual mean energy balance to derive atomic oxygen concentrations, consistent with rates of radiative cooling by carbon dioxide (CO2) and solar heating due to molecular oxygen (O2). The mathematical difference between these cooling and heating rates, on a global annual mean basis, effectively constrains the maximum heating rate for the sum of all other processes. The remaining terms, solar heating due to ozone plus a series of exothermic chemical reactions can be expressed as functions of O. This new approach enables a simple mathematical expression that yields the vertical profile of global annual mean “radiatively constrained” atomic oxygen in the mesopause region. The radiatively constrained atomic oxygen depends only on the CO2 cooling rates, O2 solar heating rates, and standard reaction rate coefficients and enthalpies. Radiative cooling and solar heating rates used in these analyses are derived from measurements made by the SABER instrument on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite. There is excellent agreement between the SABER radiatively constrained atomic oxygen and that derived from the SABER ozone and OH emission measurements over most of the mesopause region. Radiatively constrained atomic oxygen represents an upper limit on the global average O‐atom concentration in the mesopause region.
Simulation of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations in the latest CMIP5 coupled GCMs
Authors: Sabeerali C. T. , Ramu Dandi A. , Dhakate Ashish , Salunke Kiran , Mahapatra S. , Rao Suryachandra A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe simulation of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) has been analyzed in the historical run of the 32 models, which participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase5 (CMIP5), and it is shown that the current state‐of‐the‐art general circulation models (GCMs) still have difficulties to properly simulate the BSISO. Compared to CMIP3 models, more CMIP5 models simulated the northward propagation of BSISO. The majority of the models could not simulate the spatial pattern of BSISO variance over the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region and many of them failed to capture all the three peak centers of BSISO variance over the Indian summer monsoon region. Many of the models underestimated the BSISO variance over the equatorial Indian Ocean, and it is associated with the seasonal mean dry biases over this region. A reasonable representation of the intraseasonal sea surface temperature and its coupling to the convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean and an equatorial eastward propagation of convective anomalies beyond 100°E assure realistic simulation of BSISO over the ASM domain. We found that the models MIROC5, IPSL‐CM5A‐LR, GFDL‐CM3, CMCC‐CM, and MPI‐ESM‐LR are able to represent reasonable BSISO characteristics and can be used to unravel the modulation of BSISO characteristics due to various projected climate changes.
A super Asian dust storm over the East and South China Seas: Disproportionate dust deposition
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Chieh , Tsai Fujung , Lin Fei‐Jan , Chen Wei‐Nai , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Huang Jr‐Chuan , Chan Chuen‐Yu , Chen Chung‐Chi , Liu Tsun‐Hsien , Chen Hung‐Yu , Tseng Chun‐Mao , Hung Gwo‐Wei , Huang Chao‐Hao , Lin Shuen‐Hsin , Huang Yi‐Tang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA super Asian dust (SAD) storm that originated from North China has affected East Asia since 20 March 2010. The tempo‐spatial and size distributions of aerosol Al, a tracer of wind‐blown dust, were measured on a regional aerosol network in March 2010. Two dust events were recorded: the SAD and a relatively moderate AD event. The SAD clouds raised Al concentrations to ~50 µg/m3 on 21 and 22 March over the East China Sea (ECS) and occupied there for ~5 days. The SAD plume also stretched toward the South China Sea (SCS) on 21 March however, it caused a maximum Al concentration of ~8.5 µg/m3 only, much lower than that observed in the ECS. In comparison, a weaker dust plume on 16 March caused Al maximum of ~4 µg/m3 over the ECS, and comparably, ~3 µg/m3 in the SCS. Dry dust deposition was measured during the peak phase of the SAD at 178 mg/m2/d, which corresponded to dry deposition velocities of 0.2–0.6 cm/s only, much lower than the commonly adopted one (1–2 cm/s). The corresponding increase in dust deposition by the SAD was up to a factor of ~12, which was, however, considerably disproportionate to the increase in dust concentration (i.e., the factor of over 100). In certain cases, synoptic atmospheric conditions appear to be more important in regulating dust contribution to the SCS than the strength of AD storms.
Application of an adjoint neighborhood‐scale chemistry transport model to the attribution of primary formaldehyde at Lynchburg Ferry during TexAQS II
Authors: Olaguer Eduardo P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring the 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) field study, ambient mixing ratios of formaldehyde (HCHO) up to 52 ppbv were observed at Lynchburg Ferry in the Houston Ship Channel on the morning of 27 September 2006. These elevated mixing ratios coincided with a flare event during a sequential planned shutdown of a petrochemical facility ~8 km from the monitoring site. An adjoint version of the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) neighborhood air quality model was used to perform 4‐D variational inverse modeling of industrial emissions of HCHO and other ozone precursors based on Lynchburg Ferry observations. The simulation employed a horizontal domain size and grid resolution of 8 km × 8 km and 400 m, and was conducted for a 1.5 h period (8–9:30 A.M.) during which the highest HCHO concentrations were recorded. The event emissions of ethene and propene computed by the inverse model are consistent with the largest estimated emissions for the facility in question derived from the Solar Occultation Flux technique during TexAQS II. Moreover, the computed peak flare emissions of HCHO during the shutdown event were around 282 kg/h, which is less than but comparable in magnitude to the largest area‐wide total (primary plus secondary) formaldehyde flux from the Houston Ship Channel measured by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy during TexAQS II. The estimated flare event emissions of primary formaldehyde are roughly 50 times larger than HCHO emissions from flares used in routine operations, as inferred from remote sensing and/or real‐time in situ measurements during the 2009 SHARP campaign.
Seasonal and diurnal variations of aerosol extinction profile and type distribution from CALIPSO 5‐year observations
Authors: Huang Lei , Jiang Jonathan H. , Tackett Jason L. , Su Hui , Fu Rong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe new Level 3 aerosol profile data derived from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) provide a multiyear global aerosol distribution with high vertical resolution. We analyzed seasonal and diurnal variations of the vertical distributions of aerosol properties represented by 5‐year CALIPSO data. Results show that dust, smoke, and polluted dust are the most frequently detected aerosol types during all seasons. Dust is the dominant type, especially in the middle to upper troposphere, over most areas during boreal spring and summer, while smoke and polluted dust tend to dominate during biomass burning seasons. The seasonal variations of dust layer top height and dust contribution to all‐aerosol extinction are positively correlated with the seasonal variation of the dust occurrence frequency. The seasonal cycle of aerosol properties over west Australia is similar to that over biomass burning regime areas, despite its desert regime. In general, smoke is detected more frequently from the lower to middle troposphere; clean marine and polluted continental aerosols are detected more frequently, while polluted dust is detected less frequently, in the lower troposphere during nighttime than daytime. The all‐aerosol extinction is generally larger, and the aerosol layer top is detected at high altitudes more frequently during nighttime than daytime. The diurnal changes of aerosol properties are similar within the same aerosol regime. Dust extinction shows little diurnal variation except when dust is the dominant aerosol type. The results contribute to an initial global 3‐D aerosol climatology which will likely be extended and improved in the future.
Quantifying sources of methane using light alkanes in the Los Angeles basin, California
Authors: Peischl J. , Ryerson T. B. , Brioude J. , Aikin K. C. , Andrews A. E. , Atlas E. , Blake D. , Daube B. C. , de Gouw J. A. , Dlugokencky E. , Frost G. J. , Gentner D. R. , Gilman J. B. , Goldstein A. H. , Harley R. A. , Holloway J. S. , Kofler J. , Kuster W. C. , Lang P. M. , Novelli P. C. , Santoni G. W. , Trainer M. , Wofsy S. C. , Parrish D. D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMethane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and C2–C5 alkanes were measured throughout the Los Angeles (L.A.) basin in May and June 2010. We use these data to show that the emission ratios of CH4/CO and CH4/CO2 in the L.A. basin are larger than expected from population‐apportioned bottom‐up state inventories, consistent with previously published work. We use experimentally determined CH4/CO and CH4/CO2 emission ratios in combination with annual State of California CO and CO2 inventories to derive a yearly emission rate of CH4 to the L.A. basin. We further use the airborne measurements to directly derive CH4 emission rates from dairy operations in Chino, and from the two largest landfills in the L.A. basin, and show these sources are accurately represented in the California Air Resources Board greenhouse gas inventory for CH4. We then use measurements of C2–C5 alkanes to quantify the relative contribution of other CH4 sources in the L.A. basin, with results differing from those of previous studies. The atmospheric data are consistent with the majority of CH4 emissions in the region coming from fugitive losses from natural gas in pipelines and urban distribution systems and/or geologic seeps, as well as landfills and dairies. The local oil and gas industry also provides a significant source of CH4 in the area. The addition of CH4 emissions from natural gas pipelines and urban distribution systems and/or geologic seeps and from the local oil and gas industry is sufficient to account for the differences between the top‐down and bottom‐up CH4 inventories identified in previously published work.
Nitrogen availability of various biogas residues applied to ryegrass
Authors: Fouda Sara , von Tucher Sabine , Lichti Fabian , Schmidhalter Urs 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiogas plants in Germany are producing an increasing amount of biogas residues to be recycled via agricultural crop production. To test whether the wide range of various substrates used in the anaerobic digestion can affect the chemical composition and nutrient availability, seven biogas residues derived from different substrates were investigated with respect to their N supply to ryegrass. Both the short‐term and the long‐term N availability were studied in a 309‐d pot experiment lasting for five successive growth cycles each starting with a fertilizer application. The organic fertilizers were applied based on an equal amount of ammonium‐N (300 mg N per pot) and compared to mineral N from ammonium nitrate of equal dosage. Biogas residues varied greatly in their chemical composition (ammonium‐N 0.20% to 0.51%, Ntotal 0.36% to 0.75%, and Corg 1.85% to 4.75% in fresh matter). After the first growth cycle, the N availability of the biogas residues applied based on ammonium‐N was at least equal to that from ammonium nitrate. Differences in N offtake after one fertilizer application were negatively correlated to the Corg : Norg ratio of the organic fertilizers. After five successive fertilizer applications, the N utilization of most of the organic fertilizers was increased compared to that of the mineral fertilizer. It is concluded that biogas residues provide plant‐available N at least corresponding to their ammonium content and that the accumulation of organic N in soil through repeated application of biogas residues contributes to N release.
Impact of cattle slurry acidification on carbon and nitrogen dynamics during storage and after soil incorporation
Authors: Fangueiro David , Surgy Sonia , Coutinho João , Vasconcelos Ernesto 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAcidification of animal slurry is recommended in order to reduce NH3 emissions, but relatively little is known about the effect of such treatment on C and N dynamics during acidification, storage, and after soil application. A laboratory study was performed, and the CO2 emissions from a high–dry matter slurry (HDM), a low–dry matter slurry (LDM), and the same respective acidified slurries (AHDM and ALDM) were followed during a storage period and after soil incorporation. The N‐mineralization and nitrification processes, as well as microbial‐biomass activity were also estimated in soil receiving both the acidified and nonacidified materials. We observed a strong CO2 emission during the acidification process, and acidification led to a small increase in CO2 emissions (≈ 11%) during storage of AHDM relative to HDM. No effect of LDM acidification on CO2 emissions during storage was observed. About 30% of C released during storage of AHDM was inorganic C, and for ALDM the C release was exclusively inorganic. Soil application of AHDM and ALDM led to a decrease in soil respiration, nitrification, and microbial‐biomass‐C values, relative to soil application of HDM and LDM, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that this effect was more pronounced in ALDM‐ than AHDM‐treated soil. Considering both steps (storage and soil application), acidification led to a significant decrease of C losses and lower C losses were observed from LDM slurries than from HDM slurries.
Simulation and 137Cs tracer show tillage erosion translocating soil organic carbon, phosphorus, and potassium
Authors: Li Fucheng , Zhang Jianhui , Su Zhengan , Fan Hongzhu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResearch on how tillage‐induced soil redistribution affects soil properties is limited for complex slopes in nonmechanized agricultural areas. The objectives of this study are (1) to examine the vertical redistribution of soil organic C (SOC), extractable P and K induced by tillage on a complex slope, (2) to assess the effects of tillage erosion on soil profile properties, and (3) to elucidate the variations in soil properties induced by both vertical mixture and downslope transport of soil within the landscape. Simulated tillage was conducted in the Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. The 137Cs data showed that intense tillage caused the soil vertical mixture and downslope transport. The redistribution of 137Cs and soil constituents varied with the number of tillage passes and location in relation to curvature. SOC was completely depleted with the disappearance of soil profiles at the summit position, while SOC concentrations decreased by 26% for the till layer and increased by 29% for the sublayer at the toeslope position for the 15‐tillage operation, as compared with those of pretillage. The vertical redistribution of extractable P and K followed a similar pattern to that of SOC. The gap and variation in soil constituents between the till layer and sublayer declined after tillage, suggesting that the mixing effect of tillage attenuates the variability of soil properties in the vertical direction. Net loss and gain of soil constituents occurred at the summit and toeslope positions, respectively, suggesting that the downslope transport of soil induced by tillage accentuates the variability of soil properties in the lateral direction.
Soil humic acid aggregation by dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler electrophoresis
Authors: Jovanović Uroš D. , Marković Mirjana M. , Cupać Svjetlana B. , Tomić Zorica P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHumic acids (HAs), similar to other fractions of humic substances (HSs), have a large number of reactive functional groups enabling them to aggregate in solutions. Regardless of the origin of humic acid (aqueous or soil), this aggregation process is dependent on environmental conditions and strongly influences the mobility of soluble ionic and molecular pollutants. The aim of this work was to monitor the aggregation process of two humic acids isolated from different mineral soils (IHSS Elliot soil HA standard and Rendzic Leptosol HA) in the 2–11 pH range. Changes in aggregate size in HA sols were followed up using dynamic light scattering (DLS), while zeta potential (ZP) measurements in the same pH range were performed applying laser Doppler electrophoresis (LDE) technique. The effect of HA sol concentration and soil source on aggregation was examined as well. Besides, HA samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. By inspecting HA‐particle‐size dependence on pH, it can be concluded that both HAs in corresponding sols behave as molecular aggregates or supramolecular structures, formed from small individual moieties (sizes < 10 nm) at higher pH values. The ZP vs. pH curve for both HAs revealed the ZP minimum in the 5–7 pH range, caused most likely by dissociation of acidic functional groups prevailing at lower pH values and deaggregation predominating over dissociation at higher pH values.
New findings regarding the Saksunarvatn Ash in Germany
Authors: BRAMHAM‐LAW C. W. F. , THEUERKAUF M. , LANE C. S. , MANGERUD J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe Saksunarvatn Ash is an important tephra layer for the correlation of Early Holocene environmental records in northern Europe, the North Atlantic and Greenland. The Saksunarvatn Ash is believed to have been produced by eruptions of the Grimsvötn volcanic system ∼10.3 ka BP, which had two axes of dispersal, one plume in a north‐west direction over northern Iceland and into Greenland, and a second southerly plume covering the Faroe Isles, Shetland Isles, western Norway and northern Germany. Here we present data from Potremser Moor, north‐east Germany, extending the easterly margin of the ash fallout zone. We also present single grain trace element data from the type site at Saksunarvatn as well as from Potremser Moor. The Saksunarvatn Ash is indistinguishable between Potremser Moor and Saksunarvatn, suggesting the two tephras were produced by the same eruption. Trace element compositions from both sites are similar to data from the North Atlantic marine core (LINK 14:185), but different from the GRIP ice core (GRIP 1528.61 m), indicating that the south‐east and north‐west plumes may have arisen from separate eruption events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New nutritional composition data on selected traditional foods consumed in Black Sea Area countries
Authors: Costa Helena S , Albuquerque Tânia G , Sanches‐Silva Ana , Vasilopoulou Effie , Trichopoulou Antonia , D'Antuono L Filippo , Alexieva Iordanka , Boyko Nadiya , Costea Carmen , Fedosova Katerina , Hayran Osman , Karpenko Dmitry , Kilasonia Zaza , Finglas Paul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional foods are an important part of the culture, history, identity and heritage of a region or country and are key elements in dietary patterns. In most countries there is limited information on the nutritional composition of such foods and therefore there is a need to investigate, register and promote traditional foods. One of the aims within the ‘Sustainable exploitation of bioactive components from the Black Sea Area traditional foods’ (BaSeFood) project is to generate for the first time new data on the nutritional composition of traditional foods from six Black Sea Area countries to promote their sustainable development and exploitation.RESULTSThirty‐three traditional foods were analysed in an accredited laboratory to determine their nutritional composition, and the data were fully documented. The nutrient content varied widely because of the nature and variety of the analysed foods. The energy content ranged between 4 kcal per 100 g for kvass southern and 900 kcal per 100 g for mustard oil, with the exception of the analysed teas, which did not contribute to energy intake.CONCLUSIONThe use of a common methodology for the study of traditional foods will enable countries to further investigate these foods. Moreover, a new nutritional knowledge base of traditional foods from Black Sea Area countries will contribute to promote local biodiversity and sustainable diets by maintaining healthy dietary patterns within local cultures.
Brand Love is in the Heart: Physiological Responding to Advertised Brands
Authors: Maxian Wendy , Bradley Samuel D. , Wise Wesley , Toulouse Elizabeth N. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAdvertising executive Kevin Roberts proposed that premium profits lie in strong emotional connections with brands that engender “loyalty beyond reason.” This study uses psychophysiological measures to empirically investigate the basic premises asserted by Roberts (2005): consumers’ connections with brands are rooted in emotion, and that consumers connect with their own idiosyncratic set of brands. Data support this conceptualization of brand love. Individuals’ unique set of more‐loved brands elicited characteristically positive emotional responses. This was not the case for category preferences. The notion of brand love, which varies at an individual level, is compatible with the current trend toward targeted advertising.