bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Rectification through the Formation of Complexes or Precipitation in Carbon Nanotube Membranes
Authors: Patel Bhavin , Patel Mayur , Bassett Matthew , Landge Shainaz , Huang Xuezhen , Jiang Hongrui , Wu Ji 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Carbon nanotube membranes were fabricated using arrays of millimeter-long multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an inner diameter of about 8 nm through a low-cost cast–polishing method. The fabricated carbon nanotube membranes demonstrated a unique ionic rectification phenomenon through two fundamentally different mechanisms: a) the formation of metal ion complexes and b) the precipitation of insoluble lead molybdate inside the carbon nanotubes. These discoveries could be applied to detecting the presence of toxic metal ions in contaminated water resources through a relatively simple approach.
The Role of Denosumab for Prevention of Skeletal-Related Complications in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hageman Kelly , Patel Kiki Chandni , Mace Kimberly , Cooper Maryann R 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of denosumab for the prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with osteolytic lesions associated with multiple myeloma (MM). DATA SOURCES MEDLINE/Ovid (1946-April week 3, 2013), EMBASE (1980–2013 week 16), abstracts of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (1983-April 22, 2013), American Society of Hematology (2004-April 22, 2013), European Hematology Association (1994-April 22, 2013), and the European Society for Medical Oncology (1990-April 22, 2013) were searched using the terms denosumab and multiple myeloma. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Clinical trials comparing the efficacy of denosumab with that of bisphosphonates in preventing or delaying SREs in patients with MM were included. Trials solely evaluating bone turnover markers were excluded. One Phase 2 trial, 1 Phase 3 trial, and 1 post hoc Phase 3 analysis were included. DATA SYNTHESIS A Phase 2 trial compared denosumab to bisphosphonate continuation in patients with elevated urinary N-telopeptide levels (uNTX) despite bisphosphonate therapy. Denosumab patients experienced fewer SREs; however, this was not statistically significant. A Phase 3 trial compared denosumab to zoledronic acid in patients with at least 1 osteolytic lesion. Denosumab delayed the time to a first SRE by 16% (median 20.6 vs 16.3 months; p = 0.0007 for noninferiority). Superiority of denosumab was not reached. A post hoc analysis revealed less favorable survival in MM patients treated with denosumab (HR 2.26; 95% CI 1.13–4.50). The incidence of overall adverse effects was similar between each group in both studies. CONCLUSIONS Denosumab may be an alternative for the prevention of SREs in patients with MM with deteriorating renal function. Because of the high cost of the drug, low percentage of MM patients in the available studies, and the potential for their decreased survival, use of denosumab should be limited.
Towards health and well-being: Engagement in a Youth Arts programme in a hospital setting
Authors: Anderson Natalie , Franke Elise , Zigmond Helen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The hospital is seen as a community in which the arts have a role to play.
Whilst the arts in hospitals have been perceived as adjunctive, there is now medical health research to support their practice, representing a shift in the paradigm between arts and health. We understand that adolescence is a period of transition and the arts provide a metaphor when language has not necessarily yet been found to articulate those changes.
Set within a hospital, it is important to establish that the Youth Arts programme is seen as a normalizing process for its participants, and whilst not adhering to overt therapeutic models, contributes to well-being and continued development. Youth Arts reflects the health determinants of social inclusion and contribution valued as part of its core practice, offering the adolescent community a creative voice in a complex setting. This article explores the role of engagement in the practice of the Youth Arts programme, and how it contributes to individual well-being and the health of the hospital community.
Derived algebraic geometry, determinants of perfect complexes, and applications to obstruction theories for maps and complexes
Authors: Schürg Timo , Toën Bertrand , Vezzosi Gabriele 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A quasi-smooth derived enhancement of a Deligne–Mumford stack 𝒳 naturally endows 𝒳 with a functorial perfect obstruction theory in the sense of Behrend–Fantechi. We apply this result
to moduli of maps and perfect complexes on a smooth complex projective variety.

For moduli of maps, for X = S an algebraic K3-surface, g ∈ ℕ, and β ≠ 0 in H
2(S,ℤ) a curve class, we construct a derived stack

ℝ

𝐌
¯

g
,
n

red

(
S
;
β
)

${\mathbb {R}\overline{\mathbf {M}}^{\text{red}}_{g,n}(S;\beta )}$

whose truncation is the usual stack

𝐌
¯

g
,
n

(
S
;
β
)

${\overline{\mathbf {M}}_{g,n}(S;\beta )}$

of pointed stable maps from curves of genus g to S hitting the class β, and such that the inclusion

𝐌
¯

g

(
S
;
β
)

↪
ℝ

𝐌
¯

g
red

(
S
;
β
)

${\overline{\mathbf {M}}_{g}(S;\beta )\hookrightarrow \mathbb {R}\overline{\mathbf {M}}^{\text{red}}_{g}(S;\beta )}$

induces on

𝐌
¯

g

(
S
;
β
)

${\overline{\mathbf {M}}_{g}(S;\beta )}$

a perfect obstruction theory whose tangent and obstruction spaces coincide with the corresponding reduced spaces of Okounkov–Maulik–Pandharipande–Thomas. The approach we present here uses derived algebraic geometry and yields not only a full rigorous proof of the existence of a reduced obstruction theory – not relying on any result on semiregularity maps – but also a new global geometric interpretation.

We give two further applications to moduli of complexes. For a K3-surface S we show that the stack of simple perfect complexes on S is smooth. This result was proved with different methods by Inaba for the corresponding coarse moduli space. Finally, we construct a map from the derived stack of stable embeddings of curves (into a smooth complex projective variety X) to the derived stack of simple perfect complexes on X with vanishing negative Ext's, and show how this map induces a morphism of the corresponding obstruction theories when X is a Calabi–Yau 3-fold.

An important ingredient of our construction is a perfect determinant map from the derived stack of perfect complexes to the derived stack of line bundles whose tangent morphism is given by Illusie's trace map for perfect complexes.
Exploring the Issue of Failure to Fail in a Nursing Program
Authors: Larocque Sylvie , Luhanga Florence Loyce 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA study using a qualitative descriptive design was undertaken to explore the issue of “failure to fail” in a nursing program. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with nursing university faculty members, preceptors, and faculty advisors (n=13). Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results indicate that: (a) failing a student is a difficult process; (b) both academic and emotional support are required for students and preceptors and faculty advisors; (c) there are consequences for programs, faculty, and students when a student has failed a placement; (d) at times, personal, professional, and structural reasons exist for failing to fail a student; and (e) the reputation of the professional program can be diminished as a result of failing to fail a student. Recommendations for improving assessment, evaluation, and intervention with a failing student include documentation, communication, and support. These findings have implications for improving the quality of clinical experiences.
Fear and Loathing: Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Experiences of a Mandatory Course in Applied Statistics
Authors: Hagen Brad , Awosoga Oluwagbohunmi A. , Kellett Peter , Damgaard Marie 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article describes the results of a qualitative research study evaluating nursing students’ experiences of a mandatory course in applied statistics, and the perceived effectiveness of teaching methods implemented during the course. Fifteen nursing students in the third year of a four-year baccalaureate program in nursing participated in focus groups before and after taking the mandatory course in statistics. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis to reveal four major themes: (i) “one of those courses you throw out?,” (ii) “numbers and terrifying equations,” (iii) “first aid for statistics casualties,” and (iv) “re-thinking curriculum.” Overall, the data revealed that although nursing students initially enter statistics courses with considerable skepticism, fear, and anxiety, there are a number of concrete actions statistics instructors can take to reduce student fear and increase the perceived relevance of courses in statistics.
Sexual Dimorphism of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle: An Imaging Study
Authors: Perry Jamie L. , Kuehn David P. , Sutton Bradley P. , Gamage Jinadasa K. 
Published: June 2013

Objective Magnetic resonance imaging studies of the levator veli palatini muscle have used small numbers of subjects and have not consistently controlled for sex, race, or age. The purpose of this study was to conduct a structural assessment using a large homogeneous sample to examine the sex differences in the levator muscle morphology. Methods Thirty white adult subjects (15 men and 15 women) were imaged using a 3 Tesla MRI system. A high-resolution SPACE (sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip-angle evolution) sequence was used to acquire images of the velopharyngeal anatomy. Levator muscle measurements were obtained. Results Men displayed significantly greater levator extravelar segment length ( P = .003), levator intravelar segment muscle length ( P < .001), greater distance between levator insertion points ( P < .001), and greater angles of origin ( P = .008) compared with women. There was no statistically significant variation between men and women in the distance between points of origin at the base of the skull. Conclusions This study provides normative data to improve understanding of levator dysmorphology such as that in cleft palate muscle anatomy. Results of the study demonstrate significant differences between white men and women across several levator muscle measures. Variations in the relative size of the cranium or height of the individual were not proportionate to the variations observed in the levator muscle.
Experimental Tooth Movement into New Bone Area Regenerated by Use of Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Tanimoto Kotaro , Sumi Keisuke , Yoshioka Motoko , Oki Nanae , Tanne Yuki , Awada Tetsuya , Kato Yukio , Sugiyama Masaru , Tanne Kazuo 
Published: June 2013

Objective The aim of this study was to examine experimental tooth movement into regenerated bone in alveolar cleft with mesenchymal stem cells and a granulated carbonated hydroxyapatite scaffold. Design An artificial bone defect was created bilaterally in upper incisor regions of beagle dogs to simulate alveolar clefts in patients with cleft palate. The mesenchymal stem cells derived from the iliac bone marrow were cultured and transplanted with carbonated hydroxyapatite into the bone defect area. Carbonated hydroxyapatite alone was transplanted on the control side. Six months after the transplantation, multi-bracket appliances were attached to the lateral incisors and canines on both sides of the maxilla to exert an orthodontic force of 100 × g using an elastic chain. The distance between lateral incisor and canine was measured, and standardized x-ray images were taken every month. The tissue after tooth movement was evaluated by histological observation. Results The experimental tooth movement, accompanied by resorption of regenerated bone and new bone formation, was achieved on the experimental and control sides. Although there was no difference in the amount of tooth movement obtained on the experimental and control sides during the 6-month experimental period, the rate of tooth movement varied on the control side; whereas, the rate was consistent on the experimental side. Root resorption of the tooth was observed on the control side in one dog. Conclusion It is suggested that mesenchymal/carbonated hydroxyapatite transplantation therapy has great potential as a new treatment modality for bone regeneration in patients with cleft palate.
Toward a Reconsideration of Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Cleft Lip and Palate: Implications for Psychological Research
Authors: Feragen Kristin Billaud , Stock Nicola Marie , Rumsey Nichola 
Published: June 2013

Background This article investigates the prevalence of conditions that affect cognitive and/or psychosocial functioning in 10-year-old children born with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and explores how the presence of such additional difficulties may affect the reporting of outcomes in psychological research. Design Cross-sectional data derived from routine psychological assessments. Setting Centralized treatment, Norway. Participants Data on cleft type and additional conditions were collected for 754 children with CL/P from 11 consecutive birth cohorts. Data on psychological adjustment were collected for three consecutive birth cohorts (n = 169). Main Outcome Measures The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), completed by children and parents. Results A total of 240 children (32%) in the sample had an additional condition, such as developmental delay, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or a specific language impairment or dyslexia. Analysis of SDQ scores using conventional exclusion criteria (approach 1) was compared with a second method (approach 2), which included all children and categorized them according to the presence or absence of additional conditions. Significant variation in profiles of psychosocial adjustment was found depending on the approach to exclusion. Conclusions The presence of additional conditions in a sample may affect results and subsequently the conclusions drawn in relation to the psychosocial adjustment of children born with CL/P. The present study emphasizes the importance of careful assessments and reporting of all associated conditions, in order to improve the understanding of the impact of a cleft and the consequences of associated conditions in this population.
A Negative-Flash Tie-Simplex Approach for Multiphase Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Iranshahr Alireza , Voskov Denis V. , Tchelepi Hamdi A. 
Published: June 2013

Summary
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes usually involve complex phase behavior between the injected fluid (e.g., steam, hydrocarbon, CO2, sour gas) and the in-situ rock-fluid system. Several fundamental questions remain regarding Equation-of-State (EOS) computations for mixtures that can form three, or more, phases at equilibrium. In addition, numerical and computational issues related to the proper coupling of the thermodynamic phase behavior with multi-component transport must be resolved to accurately and efficiently model the behavior of large-scale EOR processes.
Previous work has shown that the adaptive tabulation of tie-simplexes in the course of a compositional simulation is a reliable alternative to the conventional EOS-based compositional simulation. In this paper, we present the numerical results of reservoir flow simulation with adaptive tie-simplex parameterization of the compositional space. We study the behavior of thermal-compositional reservoir displacement processes across a wide range of fluid mixtures, pressures, and temperatures. We show that our approach rigorously accounts for tie-simplex degeneration across phase boundaries. We also focus on the complex behavior of the tie-triangles and tie-lines associated with three-phase, steam injection problems in heterogeneous formations. Our studies indicate that the tie-simplex based simulation is a potential approach for fast EOS modeling of complex EOR processes.
Engineering Approach To Optimize Development Strategy in the Oil Segment of the Eagle Ford Shale: A Case Study
Authors: Stegent Neil , Wagner Albert , Stringer Chuck , Tompkins Rick , Smith Nick 
Published: June 2013

Summary
This paper presents a case study of the implementation of an integrated engineering approach to drill, complete, evaluate, and optimize multiple sets of parallel horizontal wells in the oil segment of the Eagle Ford shale.
Two sets of horizontal wells were drilled parallel to each other in the Eagle Ford shale. Chemostratigraphic analysis was used during the drilling process to assist in understanding the placement of the horizontal wellbores with regard to the target pay interval as well as to assess area faulting. This data was used in designing the stimulation-stage intervals and to evaluate surface injection responses during the fracture treatments. Ball-activated fracture valves and plug-and-perforation completion strategies were tested to determine whether one is superior to the other. Oil-soluble tracers were used to understand the efficiency of these different completion strategies and aided in the production comparisons. Downhole microseismic mapping was also used to assist in the completion evaluation.
The integration of various engineering data allowed for interesting conclusions about horizontal wellbore placement and the effect it has on the fracture-stimulation treatments, as well as the resulting production from the comparative wells. These insights provide important information for optimizing infill-drilling, well-placement, and fracture-completion strategies in the Eagle Ford shale. The lessons learned were implemented on additional wells in the same field, and all of these results will be discussed.
In-Situ, Solvent-Assisted Gravity Drainage of Bitumen: Nonlinear Numerical Analysis
Authors: Ghesmat Karim 
Published: June 2013

Summary
The use of condensing solvents, especially propane vapor, has been proposed for the low-temperature recovery of bitumen by gravity drainage. A full numerical analysis of such a process is presented. A hybrid spectral/finite-difference method was implemented to solve equations simultaneously. The results show that the hydrodynamics of a miscible front was highly dependent on the characteristics of the porous medium and also on the properties of the miscible fluid. As a significant factor, the dependency of the production flow rate on the thickness of the porous medium was measured. The order of dependency was found to be a function of time and cannot be considered as a constant. Hydrodynamic dispersion was also found to decrease this dependency. More-detailed results, along with quantitative analyses, are also discussed to indicate how the hydrodynamics was influenced by other porous-medium characteristics and fluid properties, such as dissolution rate and molecular diffusion.
Computed Tomography-Based Centrilobular Emphysema Subtypes Relate with Pulmonary Function
Authors: Takahashi Mamoru , Yamada Gen , Koba Hiroyuki , Takahashi Hiroki 
Published: June 2013

Introduction:Centrilobular emphysema (CLE) is recognized as low attenuation areas (LAA) with centrilobular pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (CT). However, several shapes of LAA are observed. Our preliminary study showed three types of LAA in CLE by CT-pathologic correlations. This study was performed to investigate whether the morphological features of LAA affect pulmonary functions.Materials and Methods:A total of 73 Japanese patients with stable CLE (63 males, 10 females) were evaluated visually by CT and classified into three subtypes based on the morphology of LAA including shape and sharpness of border; patients with CLE who shows round or oval LAA with well-defined border (Subtype A), polygonal or irregular-shaped LAA with ill-defined border (Subtype B), and irregular-shaped LAA with ill-defined border coalesced with each other (Subtype C). CT score, pulmonary function test and smoking index were compared among three subtypes.Results:Twenty (27%), 45 (62%) and 8 cases (11%) of the patients were grouped into Subtype A, Subtype B and Subtype C, respectively. In CT score and smoking index, both Subtype B and Subtype C were significantly higher than Subtype A. In FEV1%, Subtype C was significantly lower than both Subtype A and Subtype B. In diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide, Subtype B was significantly lower than Subtype A.Conclusion:The morphological differences of LAA may relate with an airflow limitation and alveolar diffusing capacity. To assess morphological features of LAA may be helpful for the expectation of respiratory function.
Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Mortality From Diabetes in Canada
Authors: Brook Robert D. , Cakmak Sabit , Turner Michelle C. , Brook Jeffrey R. , Crouse Dan L. , Peters Paul A. , van Donkelaar Aaron , Villeneuve Paul J. , Brion Orly , Jerrett Michael , Martin Randall V. , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Goldberg Mark S. , Pope C. Arden , Burnett Richard T. 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE
Recent studies suggest that chronic exposure to air pollution can promote the development of diabetes. However, whether this relationship actually translates into an increased risk of mortality attributable to diabetes is uncertain.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We evaluated the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and diabetes-related mortality in a prospective cohort analysis of 2.1 million adults from the 1991 Canadian census mortality follow-up study. Mortality information, including ∼5,200 deaths coded as diabetes being the underlying cause, was ascertained by linkage to the Canadian Mortality Database from 1991 to 2001. Subject-level estimates of long-term exposure to PM2.5 were derived from satellite observations. The hazard ratios (HRs) for diabetes-related mortality were related to PM2.5 and adjusted for individual-level and contextual variables using Cox proportional hazards survival models.

RESULTS
Mean PM2.5 exposure levels for the entire population were low (8.7 µg/m3; SD, 3.9 µg/m3; interquartile range, 6.2 µg/m3). In fully adjusted models, a 10-µg/m3 elevation in PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increase in risk for diabetes-related mortality (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.37–1.62). The monotonic change in risk to the population persisted to PM2.5 concentration &lt;5 µg/m3.

CONCLUSIONS
Long-term exposure to PM2.5, even at low levels, is related to an increased risk of mortality attributable to diabetes. These findings have considerable public health importance given the billions of people exposed to air pollution and the worldwide growing epidemic of diabetes.