bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulation estudiantine en France et projets migratoires sous contraintes : figures de l’étudiant algérien dans la mondialisation
Authors: de Gourcy Constance 
Published: December 2013

Traversée par une tension entre une logique d’attractivité et une logique de contrôle de l’immigration, l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur pose désormais la question de la place donnée aux étudiants étrangers. En France, les étudiants algériens sont confrontés à un certain nombre de difficultés qui en font un groupe spécifique au sein de l’ensemble plus vaste des « étudiants étrangers ». Si ces contraintes contribuent à fabriquer un sentiment d’appartenance à une minorité ayant en partage une même expérience sociale de l’immigration/émigration, elles induisent en retour une redéfinition du sens géographique et social donné au projet et les amènent à réviser leurs attentes et plus largement leurs parcours migratoires. À la différence de leurs prédécesseurs migrants économiques, ils se mobilisent en effet pour une meilleure prise en compte de leurs droits dans le pays d’installation. Cette contribution cherche à montrer combien, pour cette génération nouvelle, les épreuves vécues s’accompagnent de la transformation progressive du sens donné à la mobilité estudiantine, faisant de celle-ci tout à la fois un révélateur et un activateur de nouvelles formes de reconnaissance politique.
Aerosol single scattering albedo dependence on biomass combustion efficiency: Laboratory and field studies
Authors: Liu Shang , Aiken Allison C. , Arata Caleb , Dubey Manvendra K. , Stockwell Chelsea E. , Yokelson Robert J. , Stone Elizabeth A. , Jayarathne Thilina , Robinson Allen L. , DeMott Paul J. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSingle scattering albedo (ω) of fresh biomass burning (BB) aerosols produced from 92 controlled laboratory combustion experiments of 20 different woods and grasses was analyzed to determine the factors that control the variability in ω. Results show that ω varies strongly with fire‐integrated modified combustion efficiency (MCEFI)—higher MCEFI results in lower ω values and greater spectral dependence of ω. A parameterization of ω as a function of MCEFI for fresh BB aerosols is derived from the laboratory data and is evaluated by field observations from two wildfires. The parameterization suggests that MCEFI explains 60% of the variability in ω, while the 40% unexplained variability could be accounted for by other parameters such as fuel type. Our parameterization provides a promising framework that requires further validation and is amenable for refinements to predict ω with greater confidence, which is critical for estimating the radiative forcing of BB aerosols.
In situ ester–amide exchange reaction between polyamide 6 and ethylene‐vinyl acetate rubber during melt blending
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Wan Chaoying , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe ester–amide exchange reaction between polyamide 6 (PA6) and ethylene‐vinyl acetate rubber (EVM) with dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) as a catalyst took place during melt blending, leading to the formation of PA6‐grafted EVM copolymer (EVM‐g‐PA6) and acetamide‐terminated PA6. The exchange reaction extent, expressed by the percentage content of the acetate groups taking part in the exchange reaction, was 5.9 mol %, and the yield of EVM‐g‐PA6 copolymer was 6.8 wt % for PA6/EVM/DBTO (60/40/1) blend at 230°C for 60 min. The number‐average molecular weight of PA6 branches in EVM‐g‐PA6 was ∼278 g/mol as evaluated from nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The reaction kinetic parameters were calculated according to a second‐order reversible reaction mechanism. The rate constant was dependent on the catalyst concentration, PA6/EVM ratio, and shearing conditions. In this article, the characterized ester–amide exchange reaction between PA6 and EVM will guide the fabrication of novel EVM‐based graft copolymers and high‐performance PA6/EVM thermoplastic elastomers for engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40272.
Influence of curing temperature on properties of the polyacrylonitrile/polyimide composite films
Authors: Chen Yaqin , Lin Baoping , Yang Hong , Zhang Xueqin , Sun Ying 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTA series of polyacrylonitrile/polyimide (PAN/PI) composite films with different PAN contents are prepared under given curing temperatures (250, 300, 350, and 400°C). The microstructure of the composite films is observed by SEM, and the thermal, dielectric and mechanical properties of the composite films are determined. The results show that the self‐assembly behavior of polyamic acid gives rise to connected network structure in the composite films and the variations in the microstructure of the composite films cured at different temperatures show important effects on the properties of PAN/PI composite films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40283.
Utility blindness: Why do we fall for deals?
Authors: Liu Maggie Wenjing 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTUtility blindness occurs under limited information processing when consumers base their purchase decisions solely on transaction utility (gains from the deal) rather than on total utility. When the deal is attractive enough, consumers will buy a product even though the total utility is little or negative; on the other hand, an unattractive deal might decrease consumers' purchase likelihood even when the total utility is unaffected by the promotion. In this paper, three experiments provide evidence for the existence of utility blindness and demonstrate that information processing limitation is the underlying process. Transaction utility salience and cognitive load are identified as the moderating factors. Theoretical contributions, managerial implications, limitations, and future areas of the current research are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Balducci Stefano , Sacchetti Massimo , Haxhi Jonida , Orlando Giorgio , D'Errico Valeria , Fallucca Sara , Menini Stefano , Pugliese Giuseppe 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMany studies have highlighted the importance of physical activity (PA) for health, and recent evidence now points to the positive improvements associated with exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few physicians are willing to prescribe exercise as a therapy for diabetic patients. In addition, there is a lack of information on how to implement exercise therapy especially in long‐term exercise regimens. The purpose of this manuscript is to summarize standards of exercise therapy for patients with T2DM, both in terms of prescribing and monitoring, according to the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association guidelines. We present details of the exercise therapies used in long‐term studies, describing how the parameters for exercise prescription were applied in clinical practice. These parameters are described in terms of frequency, intensity, duration, mode and rate of progression in long‐term therapeutic prescriptions. Individual responses to exercise dose are discussed, and critical issues to be considered in patients with underlying disease and in T2DM patients are highlighted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of diet on gut microbiota, inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. First experience with macrobiotic Ma‐Pi 2 diet
Authors: Fallucca Francesco , Porrata Carmen , Fallucca Sara , Pianesi Mario 
Published: December 2013

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have suggested that an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota may be involved in the development of several human diseases, including obesity and T2DM. The main regulators of the intestinal microbiota are age, ethnicity, the immune system and diet. A high‐fat diet may induce dysbiosis, which can result in a low‐grade inflammatory state, obesity and other metabolic disorders. Adding prebiotics to the diet may reduce inflammation, endotoxaemia and cytokine levels as well as improving insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. The administration of prebiotics such as fermentable dietary fibres, promotes glucagon‐like peptide 1 and peptide YY (anorexigenic) and decreases ghrelin (orexigenic). In a recent 21‐day, intervention study in patients with T2DM, the effect of using the macrobiotic Ma‐Pi 2 diet was investigated. Results suggested that it could induce a significant improvement in fasting blood glucose, plasma lipid fractions, plasma insulin and homeostasis. It is therefore possible that a diet rich in prebiotics and probiotics can play a role in T2DM management, probably due to positive intestinal microbiota modulation. However, this must be demonstrated by larger studies including randomized controlled trials that measure indicators of inflammation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the rate and depth dependence of bioturbation based on optically‐stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates and meteoric 10Be
Authors: Johnson Michelle O. , Mudd Simon M. , Pillans Brad , Spooner Nigel A. , Keith Fifield L. , Kirkby Mike J. , Gloor Manuel 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBoth the rate and the vertical distribution of soil disturbance modify soil properties such as porosity, particle size, chemical composition and age structure; all of which play an important role in a soil's biogeochemical functioning. Whereas rates of mixing have been previously quantified, the nature of bioturbation's depth dependence remains poorly constrained. Here we constrain, for the first time, the relationship between mixing rate and depth in a bioturbated soil in northeast Queensland, Australia using a novel method combining OSL (optically‐stimulated luminescence) ages and meteoric beryllium‐10 (10Be) inventories. We find that the best fit mixing rate decreases non‐linearly with increasing soil depth in this soil and the characteristic length scale of 0.28 m over which the mixing coefficient decays is comparable to reported rooting depth coefficients. In addition we show that estimates of surface mixing rates from OSL data are highly dependent on erosion rate and that erosion rate must be constrained if accurate mixing rates are to be quantified. We calculate surface diffusion‐like mixing coefficients of 1.8 × 10−4 and 2.1 × 10−4 m2 yr−1 for the studied soil for two different estimates of soil erosion. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
NERC Matters: NERC and FERC Attempt to Eliminate Reliability Gap in Tie Lines
Authors: Carpentier Deborah A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe primary purpose of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) is—with oversight by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)—to promulgate and enforce standards intended to ensure the reliability of the bulk electric system (BES).
A Proteomics‐Driven Assay Defines Specific Plasma Protein Signatures in Different Stages of Ménière's Disease
Authors: Chiarella G. , Di Domenico M. , Petrolo C. , Saccomanno M. , Rothenberger R. , Giordano A. , Costanzo F. , Cassandro E. , Cuda G. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTMénière's disease (MD) is a common disorder of the inner ear whose hallmarks are vertigo, tinnitus, aural fullness, and progressive hearing loss. The degree of severity of the disease is quite heterogeneous, and so is its pathogenesis. A multifactorial inheritance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors has been described, but there is not a common agreement on the molecular basis of MD. In a recent article, we have demonstrated that patients suffering from MD share a common plasma proteomic signature, characterized by the presence of several up‐ and down‐regulated proteins. In this study, we have further extended our analysis and show that the differential expression of plasma proteins can identify specific subsets of MD‐affected individuals, depending on their stage. Our findings confirm our plasma proteomics‐driven approach as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of MD and uncover a potentially starring role for some proteins in the development and fate of this frustrating disease, whose pathogenesis still remains unclear. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1097–1100, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized controlled trial on timing and number of sampling for bile aspiration cytology
Authors: Tsuchiya Tomonori , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Ebata Tomoki , Igami Tsuyoshi , Sugawara Gen , Kato Katsuyuki , Shimoyama Yoshie , Nagino Masato 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe issue on timing and number of bile sampling for exfoliative bile cytology is still unsettled.MethodsA total of 100 patients with cholangiocarcinoma undergoing resection after external biliary drainage were randomized into two groups: a 2‐day group where bile was sampled five times per day for 2 days; and a 10‐day group where bile was sampled once per day for 10 days (registered University Hospital Medical Information Network/ID 000005983). The outcome of 87 patients who underwent laparotomy was analyzed, 44 in the 2‐day group and 43 in the 10‐day group.ResultsThere were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. Positivity after one sampling session was significantly lower in the 2‐day group than in the 10‐day group (17.0 ± 3.7% vs. 20.7 ± 3.5%, P = 0.034). However, cumulative positivity curves were similar and overlapped each other between both groups. The final cumulative positivity by the 10th sampling session was 52.3% in the 2‐day group and 51.2% in the 10‐day group. We observed a small increase in cumulative positivity after the 5th or 6th session in both groups.ConclusionsBile cytology positivity is unlikely to be affected by sample time.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Characterization of Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene‐Derived Narrow‐Bandgap Polymers
Authors: Zhu Enwei , Ni Bin , Zhao Baofeng , Hai Jiefeng , Bian Linyi , Wu Hongbin , Tang Weihua 
Published: December 2013

Three novel dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene‐based low‐bandgap polymers are synthesized by a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction or by direct arylation polycondensation. The polymers present a high molecular weight (26–32 kDa) and narrow polydiversity (1.3–1.7). With a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level around −5.20 eV, these polymers exhibit a narrow bandgap of 1.75–1.87 eV. All the polymers display strong absorption in the range of 350–700 nm. Bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells are further fabricated by blending the as‐prepared polymer with (6,6)‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) at different weight ratios. The best devices contribute a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.73% under AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2).
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Phloretin suppresses thrombin‐mediated leukocyte‐platelet‐endothelial interactions
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Park Sin‐Hye , Han Seon‐Young , Kim Yun‐Ho , Lee Eun‐Jung , Yoon Park Jung Han , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: December 2013

ScopeThrombin playing a pivotal role in coagulation cascade may influence the onset and progression of atherosclerosis as a pro‐inflammatory mediator. This study investigated whether phloretin found in apple tree leaves, severed a linkage between thrombosis and atherosclerosis by thrombin.Methods and resultsHuman endothelial cells were pre‐treated with 1–20 μM phloretin and stimulated with 10 U/mL thrombin. Phloretin attenuated adhesion of THP‐1 monocytes and platelets to thrombin‐inflamed endothelial cells with concurrent inhibition of protease‐activated receptor (PAR‐1) induction. The thrombin induction of endothelial CD40, endothelial integrin β3 and P‐selectin, and monocytic CD40L was dampened by phloretin. Additionally, phloretin inhibited monocyte secretion of MCP‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐8 responsible for pro‐inflammatory activity of thrombin inducing endothelial CD40. The monocyte COX‐2 induction and PGE2 secretion due to thrombin were down‐regulated by phloretin, deterring endothelial CD40 expression. Thrombin promoted production of PAI‐1 and tissue factor in monocytes was attenuated by phloretin through blocking PAR‐1 and CD40. Thrombin up‐regulated the induction of endothelial connective tissue growth factor independent of PAR‐1 activation, which was reversed by phloretin.ConclusionPhloretin disturbed tethering and stable adhesion of monocytes and platelets onto endothelium during increased thrombosis by thrombin. Phloretin would be a potent agent preventing thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
Distinct effects of nuclear volume fraction and cell diameter on high b‐value diffusion MRI contrast in tumors
Authors: White Nathan S. , Dale Anders M. 
Published: December 2013

PurposeWhile many recent studies have demonstrated improved detection and characterization of malignant lesions using high b‐value diffusion imaging techniques, little is known about the underlying physical characteristics of tumor cells that modulate the restricted water signal at high b on clinical scanners.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations of diffusion in a synthetic tumor cell environment were used to study the specific effects of tumor cell diameter and nuclear volume fraction (ν) on high b diffusion contrast.ResultsResults indicate that clinical pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo diffusion‐weighted signals measured at high b (∼4000 s/mm2), long diffusion time (Δ ∼40–60 ms), and long echo time (TE ∼60–140 ms) are generally insensitive to tumor cell diameter, but increase exponentially with ν. Moreover, these results are predicted by a simple analytic expression for the intracellular restricted water signal with elevated T2 for the intranuclear versus cytosolic compartment.ConclusionNuclear volume fraction is an important characteristic of cancer cells that modulates the apparent restriction of water at high b on clinical scanners. This model offers a possible explanation for the apparent unreliable correlation between tumor cell density (cellularity) and traditional ADC. Magn Reson Med 72:1435–1443, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitoxantrone as a substitute for daunorubicin during induction in newly diagnosed lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Nickel Robert S. , Keller Frank , Bergsagel John , Cooper Todd , Daves Marla , Sabnis Himalee , Lew Glen 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundDaunorubicin, a component of the four‐drug induction chemotherapy regimen for de novo pediatric high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LLy), was unavailable in 2011 due to a national drug shortage. During this time, our institution substituted mitoxantrone 6.25 mg/m2 for daunorubicin 25 mg/m2 on induction Days 1, 8, 15, and 22. While mitoxantrone has been shown to be effective for relapsed ALL, it has not been studied in de novo pediatric ALL/LLy.ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with ALL or LLy at our institution 1/2009–4/2013 to compare induction toxicity and response of patients treated with mitoxantrone versus daunorubicin.ResultsEleven patients received mitoxantrone, 121 patients received daunorubicin. Induction toxicities including deaths, intensive care unit admissions, fever, bacteremia, and invasive fungal disease were similar for the two groups. Mean number of days hospitalized during induction was also similar (mitoxantrone 9.7 days vs. daunorubicin 11.2 days, P = 0.60). Minimal residual disease prevalence at the end of induction was not significantly different (mitoxantrone 33.3% vs. daunorubicin 23.0%, P = 0.44). The only significant difference between the groups was that a higher proportion of patients who received mitoxantrone had consolidation delayed due to myelosuppression (mitoxantrone 30.0% vs. daunorubicin 6.0%, P = 0.03).ConclusionInduction toxicity and response for new ALL/LLy patients treated with mitoxantrone in place of daunorubicin were similar to the toxicity and response seen with conventional daunorubicin. Mitoxantrone is a reasonable replacement for daunorubicin in times of drug shortage. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:810–814. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of self‐reported physical activity in children and adolescents before and during cancer treatment
Authors: Götte Miriam , Kesting Sabine , Winter Corinna , Rosenbaum Dieter , Boos Joachim 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundPhysical activities are important for the development of children and increasing evidence suggests beneficial effects of physical activity promotion during cancer treatment as well. The present study aimed at evaluating the current need of exercise interventions in pediatric cancer patients undergoing acute treatment and identifying risk factors for inactivity.ProcedureData about self‐reported physical activity before and during treatment was collected in a cross‐sectional design with the physical activity questionnaire from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) in a modified cancer specific version.ResultsOne hundred thirty pediatric cancer patients with various entities were questioned 3.0 ± 1.6 months since diagnosis. Patients' activity levels before diagnosis mainly matched reference values for healthy children in Germany. Reductions during treatment affected all dimensions of daily physical activities and minutes of exercise per week decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Largest reductions of physical activities during treatment were identified for bone tumor patients and in‐patient stays.ConclusionsDue to the well known importance of physical activity during childhood and the identified risk of inactivity during cancer treatment, supervised exercise interventions should be implemented into acute treatment phase to enhance activity levels and ensure a continuously support by qualified exercise professionals. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1023–1028. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facilitators and barriers to help‐seeking for breast and cervical cancer symptoms: a qualitative study with an ethnically diverse sample in London
Authors: Marlow Laura A. V. , McGregor Lesley M. , Nazroo James Y. , Wardle Jane 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveEarlier diagnosis of cancer has become a policy priority. There is evidence that minority ethnic groups are more likely to delay help‐seeking for cancer symptoms, but few studies have explored reasons for delay in these groups. The present study explored facilitators and barriers to help‐seeking for breast and cervical cancer in an ethnically diverse sample of women.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with 54 healthy women from a range of ethnic backgrounds; Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Caribbean, African, Black British, Black other, White British and White other. Framework analysis was used to identify themes.ResultsAppraising a symptom as possibly due to cancer was an important facilitator of help‐seeking, although for some the prospect of a cancer diagnosis was a deterrent. Women believed that earlier diagnosis improved the chance of survival, and this facilitated prompt help‐seeking. A sympathetic GP facilitated help‐seeking, and an unsympathetic GP was a deterrent. Some ethnic minority women described the use of alternative medicine and prayer as a first‐line strategy that might delay help‐seeking. Language barriers, racism and a tendency to ‘soldier on’ were also mentioned by these women.ConclusionsModels of delay in presentation for early cancer symptoms are likely to transfer across different ethnic groups. Encouraging open discussion about cancer among minority communities could help raise awareness about the importance of early detection and promote help‐seeking as a priority response to a possible cancer symptom. © 2013 The Authors. Psycho‐Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.