bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktivierungsanalytische Bestimmung von Verunreinigungen in Aluminium
Authors: Kiesl W. , Bildstein H. , Hecht F. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Es wird eine selektive Extraktionsmethode für Kupfer beschrieben. Sie beruht darauf, daß Kupfer(I)- ionen mit 2,2'-Dichinolyl einen mit Amylalkohol extrahierbaren Komplex bilden. Mit Salpetersäure wird das Kupfer in die wässerige Phase rückextrahiert, mit α-Benzoinoxim gefällt und mit der 0,51-MeV-Peak (Vernichtungsstrahlung) gemessen. Das Dysprosium wird nach einer Kurzzeitbestrahlung zerstörungsfrei bestimmt. Ausgemessen wird der 91-keV-Peak.
Hot Atom Reactions in Organic Bromides
Authors: Mailinson J . H. , Miller G. E. , Shaw P. F. D. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The yields of parent bromide from neutron irradiation of bromoethane, 1:1 -dibromoethane and 1:1:2:2- tetrabromoethane have been measured as a function of either bromine or hydrogen bromide concentration. The results appear to be consistent with those predicted by the "billiard-ball" replacement mechanism.
Entwicklung einer Apparatur zur Durchführung schneller Flüssig-flüssig-Extraktionen
Authors: Koch L. , Münzel H. , Thoma H. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Es werden mehrere Ausführungsformen einer auch in heißen Zellen anwendbaren Apparatur beschrieben, welche zur schnellen Durchführung von Flüssig-flüssig-Extraktionen dient. Diskontinuierliche Extraktionen im Laboratoriumsmaßstab können damit in etwa 10-20 Sekunden durchgeführt werden. Die gewünschte abgetrennte Phase ist - besonders bei Verwendung der mit einem „Ventil" versehenen Modelle - völlig frei von der unerwünschten Phase. Die Apparatur kann auch zur kontinuierlichen Extraktion verwendet werden.
Retention and Annealing Reactions in Dichromates
Authors: Getoff N. , Maddock A. G. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
A comparison of the thermal, radiation and ultra violet annealing of neutron irradiated potassium and ammonium dichromates is reported. Although substantial thermal annealing is possible in the ammonium salt the process is eventually limited by gross thermal decomposition. Ultra-violet irradiation of the neutron irradiated salts leads to a reduction in retention in the ammonium salt. This is explained in terms of a photochemical reaction between the CrO2
2+ fragment and the ammonium ions or their photolytic product.
Schutzeffekt in Styrol-Acrylnitril-Copolymeren bei der Einwirkung ionisierender Strahlung
Authors: Weber Ernst J. , Heusinger Helmut 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Einwirkung ionisierender Strahlung auf Polystyrol, Polyacrylnitril und das Copolymere aus Styrol und Acrylnitril fanden wir, daß jedes der Polymeren linear mit der Dosis ansteigend ausschließlich Wasserstoff entwickelt. Bei Polyacrylnitril steht dies im Gegensatz zu Literaturangaben. Im Hinblick auf die Menge des aus dem Copolymeren entwickelten Wasserstoffs ist ein Schutzeffekt des Styrols auf Acrylnitril festzustellen, der bei kleinen Styrolgehalten (Molfraktion = 0,05) ein Maximum hat. Für diesen Schutzeffekt muß ein Energieübergang vom Acrylnitril auf das Styrol im Copolymeren verantwortlich sein. Er ist vom Aufbau des Copolymeren abhängig und besonders effektiv, wenn größere Sequenzen von Acrylnitril in der Copolymerkette vorliegen.
On the Szilard-Chalmers Recoil of 60Co and 60mCo in [Co(NH3)6] (NO3)3 and trans- [Co en2 (NO2)2] NO3
Authors: Gorla P. , Lazzarini E. , Sangiust V. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The possibility of different behaviours of 60Co and 60mCo in the Szilard-Chalmers recoil was investigated and proved in [Co(NH)3)6] (NO3)3 and trans
- [Co en2(NO2)2] NO3. It was found that the retentions of 60Co and 60mCo atoms in the original compounds, for irradiation time approaching zero, are different. Particularly the ratio of i0B,Co to eoCo retentions at zero irradiation time is 0.90 + 0.02 for [Co(NH3)5] . (NO3)3 and 1.26 + 0.04 for trans
- [Co en2(NO2)] NO3. The annealing kinetics of recoiled 60Co and 60mCo atoms under fast neutron and γ-ray irradiations at a temperature of 40 °C are also different.
In-Situ Scanning Electron Microscope Observations of Strain-Confined Lithium Nucleation at Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in All-Solid-State-Lithium Battery
Authors: Motoyama Munekazu , Ejiri Makoto , Iriyama Yasutoshi 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWe have studied electrochemical Li deposition/dissolution processes at amorphous solid electrolyte (LiPON) interfaces with 30-nm-thick-Cu-current collectors at different current densities by in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the current density is smaller than 300 μA cm−2, Li islands continue to grow under a Cu film without coalescing with their neighbors. Consequently, they produce small cracks in the Cu film leading to isolated Li rod growth from the cracks. On the other hand, a current density of 1.0 mA cm−2 provokes the nucleation of Li islands with a higher number density. They rapidly coalesce under a Cu film in all lateral directions before cracking the Cu film. High current density conditions therefore suppress Li rod growths.
A Differential Scanning Calorimetric Study of Carbide Transition in 10Cr Tempered Martensitic Steels
Authors: Wang H.C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe process and kinetics of carbide precipitation upon tempering of an Fe-10Cr-0.15C (wt.%) alloy fabricated from high-purity components has been studied. Differential scanning calorimetry reveals three exotherms in a temperature range of 100-700°C. Using advanced electron microscopy and Kissinger analysis, the exothermic processes have been interpreted. Cementite precipitated first upon tempering at temperatures as low as 200°C; M7C3 and M23C6 appear at higher temperatures, precipitating at approximately the same time but on different sites (M7C3 within grains and laths and M23C6 on grain and lath boundaries). Subsequently, the more stable M23C6 coarsens at the expense of M7C3, which dissolves. The first exotherm was interpreted as being related to the precipitation of cementite whilst the other two overlapping exotherms were interpreted as relating to the concurrent precipitation and coarsening of M7C3 and M23C6, respectively. In-situ SEM and TEM observation is being conducted in order to obtain a more precise understanding and further validate the interpretation of the DSC results.
Portrait of a 21st Century’s Innovator
Authors: Koroleva Diana , Khavenson Tatiana 
Published: June 2015

This is an analysis of social and professional characteristics, as well as value orientations of a modern educational innovator. The survey included participants of the 2014 Contest of Innovations in Education, with the sample of 304 respondents. Value orientations were revealed with the help of a questionnaire based on the Schwartz’s value theory. The results were compared to those of the European Social Survey of the Russian population conducted in 2012. Answers of the Contest participants differed dramatically from those of an average Russian, both in subjective importance of specific value orientations and in the structure of value orientation hierarchy. Innovators appreciated more often the values of self-sufficiency, kindness and universalism, as well as willingness to take risks in their professional life. They were less guided in their actions by the desire to take and to hold power which was not associated with their personal achievements. The survey demonstrated that innovations in education could be offered and implemented not only by experts, i. e. people working in educational institutions of different levels, but also by employees of companies that are not directly related to education, as well as by school and university students. Innovators have a better educational background and participate actively in supplementary education events.
Determinants of Cognitive Skills and Competencies: Preliminary Statistical Analysis of PIAAC Data
Authors: Bruhanov Maxym , Polyachenko Sergiy 
Published: June 2015

The paper presents results of factor and regression analysis of determinants affecting cognitive skills assessed with PIAAC tests. Comparative analysis of competencies by occupation categories and by specializations shows that results of the Russian sample fall remarkably behind the average OECD scores in literacy and numeracy. The difference is especially perceptible between lawmakers, high-level public officials, top- and middle-level managers, most highly skilled professionals, and respondents from humanities, social sciences, business, law, mathematics, or computer sciences. However, respondents with low education levels (8 years of school or less) and unqualified workers scored better than their average European counterparts. OECD graduates from “natural sciences, mathematics and computer sciences” had higher points in numeracy in the PIAAC sample. Russia demonstrated almost no difference between the numeracy points obtained by people who majored in “humanities, languages and art”, “natural sciences, mathematics and computer sciences”, “engineering sciences, production and construction”, “health are”, or “services”. We believe that graduates from “natural sciences, mathematics and computer sciences” cannot enjoy a competitive advantage in numeracy due to no rigid selection of school students, to the low-level requirements to university graduates, and to no efficient labor markets available.
The Internationalization of the Academic Profession in Europe. A Quantitative Study of 11 National Systems
Authors: Kwiek Marek 
Published: June 2015

This paper explores various aspects of the internationalization of the academic profession in Europe, using a micro-level (individual) approach which relies on the primary data collected in a comparable format from 17,211 European academics from 11 countries. It focuses, in particular, on 1) the patterns of internationalization of teaching, research, and publishing in hard vs. soft clusters of academic fields and on 2) the role of international research cooperation in individual research productivity. Research productivity and international publication co-authorship of “internationalists” and “locals” (or academics collaborating and not collaborating internationally) across Europe are compared. Finally, policy implications of the study for national research policies are briefly discussed.
Effects of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients with Open Fracture of the Extremities
Authors: Chang Yaping , Kennedy Sean Alexander , Bhandari Mohit , Lopes Luciane Cruz , Bergamaschi Cristiane de Cássia , Carolina de Oliveira e Silva Maria , Bhatnagar Neera , Mousavi S. Mohsen , Khurshid Saqib , Petrisor Brad , Ren Melody , Sodhi Sukhmani K. , Mirza Reza Donald , Guyatt Gordon H. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
The purpose of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of alternative antibiotic regimens—including (A) antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis, (B) longer versus shorter duration of antibiotic prophylaxis, and (C) alternative drugs—for patients with open fracture of the extremities.

Methods:
Data sources included CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews from 1965 to December 2013. All randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with open fracture of the extremities were eligible.

Results:
We identified 329 potentially eligible articles, of which seventeen proved to be eligible. In four randomized controlled trials involving 472 patients, we found a significantly lower infection rate in patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis compared with those not receiving antibiotic prophylaxis (risk ratio = 0.37 [95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 0.66]; absolute risk reduction = 9.6% [95% confidence interval, 5.2% to 12.1%]). In three studies involving 1104 patients, we found no difference in the infection rate when a longer duration of antibiotics (three to five days) was compared with a shorter duration (one day) (risk ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.37). Confidence in the estimates for both questions was low to moderate. Individual comparisons of alternative drugs yielded estimates warranting only low to very low confidence.

Conclusions:
Results of randomized controlled trials performed to date provide evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis reduces subsequent infection and that courses as short as one day are as effective as courses of three to five days, although the evidence warrants only low to moderate confidence. Given current practice, a large, multicenter, low risk of bias, randomized controlled trial enrolling representative populations and addressing the duration of antibiotics may be the next optimum step in investigation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Combined use of diffusion tensor tractography and multifused contrast-enhanced FIESTA for predicting facial and cochlear nerve positions in relation to vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Yoshino Masanori , Kin Taichi , Ito Akihiro , Saito Toki , Nakagawa Daichi , Ino Kenji , Kamada Kyousuke , Mori Harushi , Kunimatsu Akira , Nakatomi Hirofumi , Oyama Hiroshi , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
The authors assessed whether the combined use of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and contrast-enhanced (CE) fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) could improve the accuracy of predicting the courses of the facial and cochlear nerves before surgery.

METHODS
The population was composed of 22 patients with vestibular schwannoma in whom both the facial and cochlear nerves could be identified during surgery. According to DTT, depicted fibers running from the internal auditory canal to the brainstem were judged to represent the facial or vestibulocochlear nerve. With regard to imaging, the authors investigated multifused CE-FIESTA scans, in which all 3D vessel models were shown simultaneously, from various angles. The low-intensity areas running along the tumor from brainstem to the internal auditory canal were judged to represent the facial or vestibulocochlear nerve.

RESULTS
For all 22 patients, the rate of fibers depicted by DTT coinciding with the facial nerve was 13.6% (3/22), and that of fibers depicted by DTT coinciding with the cochlear nerve was 63.6% (14/22). The rate of candidates for nerves predicted by multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with the facial nerve was 59.1% (13/22), and that of candidates for nerves predicted by multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with the cochlear nerve was 4.5% (1/22). The rate of candidates for nerves predicted by combined DTT and multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with the facial nerve was 63.6% (14/22), and that of candidates for nerves predicted by combined DTT and multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with the cochlear nerve was 63.6% (14/22). The rate of candidates predicted by DTT coinciding with both facial and cochlear nerves was 0.0% (0/22), that of candidates predicted by multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with both facial and cochlear nerves was 4.5% (1/22), and that of candidates predicted by combined DTT and multifused CE-FIESTA coinciding with both the facial and cochlear nerves was 45.5% (10/22).

CONCLUSIONS
By using a combination of DTT and multifused CE-FIESTA, the authors were able to increase the number of vestibular schwannoma patients for whom predicted results corresponded with the courses of both the facial and cochlear nerves, a result that has been considered difficult to achieve by use of a single modality only. Although the 3D image including these prediction results helped with comprehension of the 3D operative anatomy, the reliability of prediction remains to be established.
Corrigendum: Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of first-line chemotherapy for adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and economic evaluation
Authors: Brown T , Pilkington G , Bagust A , Boland A , Oyee J , Tudur Smith C , Blundell M , Lai M , Martin Saborido C , Greenhalgh J , Dundar Y , Dickson R 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTable 96 has been removed as it includes incorrect hazard ratios caused by a reversal of the hazard ratio calculations. However, this does not impact on any of the clinical or economic results reported.
Calcium channels blocked activity: Providing the basis for medicinal use of <i>Abies pindrow</i> in diarrhea and bronchitis
Authors: Mushtaq Sohaib , Chaudhry Mueen Ahmad , Rahman Hafiz Muhammad Abdul 
Published: June 2015

<p><em>Abies pindrow</em> is widely used in traditional practice for the treatment of diarrhea and bronchitis and the present study was designed to validate its folkloric uses. The crude extract of <em>A. pindrow</em> inhibit spontaneously contracting (1-10 mg/mL) and high K<sup>+</sup> (80 mM)-induced pre-contracted rabbit jejun-um (3 mg/mL) in concentration dependent manner. A rightward shift in Ca<sup>+2</sup> concentration response curves was seen in the presence of crude extract (0.1-0.3), similar to verapamil. In isolated tracheal tissue, <em>A. pindrow</em> inhibited, high K<sup>+</sup> and carbachol (1 µM)-induced contractions, at 3 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL respectively, similar to that caused by verapamil. These results indicate the presence of calcium channels blocked activity in crude extract of <em>A. pindrow</em>, which provide sound basis for medicinal uses of<em> A. pindrow</em> in diarrhea and bronchitis. </p><p> </p>
Essai de typologie des lacs alpins (Test of alpine lakes typology)
Authors: Rougier Henri 
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les lacs alpins sont nombreux et variés. Certains sont naturels, d'autres artificiels en arrière de puissants barrages de retenue. Tous les lacs ne s'identifient pas de la même manière à la montagne : certains sont en altitude, d'autres se trouvent beaucoup plus bas. On en trouve au cœur même de la montagne mais aussi au contact de celle-ci avec son avant-pays.
Tous les lacs n'ont pas fait l'objet d'un aménagement de leurs rives et l'on en connaît beaucoup qui ont conservé leur état naturel. A partir de multiples critères de différenciation, le présent article s'efforce de proposer une typologie reposant sur de nombreux exemples pris dans la plupart des nations qui se partagent les Alpes.
Microsatellite markers for the New Zealand endemic Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) amplify across species
Authors: Prebble Jessica M. , Tate Jennifer A. , Meudt Heidi M. , Symonds V. Vaughan 
Published: June 2015

Premise of the study:Microsatellite loci were developed as polymorphic markers for the New Zealand endemic Myosotis pygmaea species group (Boraginaceae) for use in species delimitation and population and conservation genetic studies.Methods and Results:Illumina MiSeq sequencing was performed on genomic DNA from seedlings of M. drucei. From trimmed paired‐end sequences >400 bp, 484 microsatellite loci were identified. Twelve of 48 microsatellite loci tested were found to be polymorphic and consistently scorable when screened on 53 individuals from four populations representing the geographic range of M. drucei. They also amplify in all other species in the M. pygmaea species group, i.e., M. antarctica, M. brevis, M. glauca, and M. pygmaea, as well as 18 other Myosotis species.Conclusions:These 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers establish an important resource for research and conservation of the M. pygmaea species group and potentially other Southern Hemisphere Myosotis.
Les Jéco, septième édition
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal 
Published: June 2015

« Le progrès social a-t-il un avenir ? » était le thème des Jéco 2014. Nous traversons actuellement une période où inquiétude, pessimisme et tentation du repli se conjuguent pour créer un contexte plutôt anxiogène. Toutefois, ce sentiment d’incertitude sur les évolutions qui vont s’imposer n’est pas l’apanage des citoyens, peu au fait des questions économiques. Les économistes s’interrogent également sur les perspectives d’avenir, comme le montrent les articles constituant ce dossier. Ceux qui souhaitent le prolonger pourront retrouver des entretiens sur le blog des Jéco alimenté par les étudiants en journalisme économique 1 , les vidéos de nombreuses conférences des sept éditions passées dans la bibliothèque virtuelle 2 et comme chaque année, un numéro spécial de Problèmes économiques 3 avec des articles inédits de dix économistes.
Aux limites des politiques monétaires
Authors: Galiana Lino 
Published: June 2015

Ayant conscience de l’inefficacité des instruments habituels, les banquiers centraux ont fait preuve de pragmatisme en proposant des politiques non conventionnelles. Les nouveaux objectifs assignés à la politique monétaire – en premier lieu, la régulation macroprudentielle –, ainsi que l’impossibilité d’user des canaux de transmission habituels, ont justifié ces politiques exceptionnelles.
Grossesses à suivre. Les déterminants de l’usage de l’offre territoriale de soins périnataux
Authors: Hardy Anne-Chantal , Jourdain Maud , Catimel Benoite , Clautour Lucille , Canévet Jean-Paul 
Published: June 2015

Faire naître un enfant est une opération collective, fortement contrôlée et largement socialisée. C’est aussi inscrire son origine dans un lieu et déjà écrire son histoire. Les pouvoirs publics encadrent étroitement la naissance de l’enfant, en oscillant entre des principes de réduction des risques et la mise en œuvre d’une offre de soins de proximité. Mais de quels choix réels disposent les parents ? Peut-on comparer leurs capabilités à réaliser leurs choix ? Une enquête qualitative par recueil de récits de grossesse a mis en évidence que les parcours de soin réalisés par des femmes enceintes sont le résultat de déterminants complexes, irréductibles aux qualités sanitaires. La proximité géographique ne prend sens que si elle est combinée avec une proximité sociale et relationnelle, et la notion de risque se cristallise autour des capacités respectives des professionnels et des parents à évaluer les compétences des autres.
Vector Analysis of 1-Year Astigmatic Outcomes From a Prospective, Randomized, Fellow Eye Comparison of Wavefront-Guided and Wavefront-Optimized LASIK in Myopes
Authors: Toy Brian C. , Yu Caroline , Manche Edward E. 
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare the astigmatic outcomes of LASIK with a single excimer laser platform using either wavefront-guided (WFG) or wavefront-optimized (WFO) modes.

METHODS:
Sixty-eight eyes of 34 patients underwent LASIK for myopia with the Wavelight Allegretto Eye-Q 400-Hz laser platform (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Hüenberg, Switzerland). One eye underwent WFG-LASIK and the contralateral eye underwent WFO-LASIK. Alpins vector analysis of astigmatism was performed using manifest refraction measured preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively and vertexed to the corneal plane. Eyes were stratified for subgroup analysis based on preoperative manifest astigmatism.

RESULTS:

WFG-LASIK and WFO-LASIK were similar with regard to surgically induced astigmatism, difference vector, magnitude of error, correction index, flattening index, and index of success. The angle of error was 80% less in the WFG group compared to the WFO group (1.92° ± 0.67º vs 9.66° ± 3.7º,
P
= .04).

CONCLUSIONS:
WFG-LASIK and WFO-LASIK using the Alcon WaveLight Allegretto Eye-Q 400-Hz excimer laser platform produce similar astigmatic results in myopic patients; however, the WFG mode may produce slightly more predictable astigmatic corrections.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(5):322–327.]