bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol of Gray Mold Disease on Strawberry Fruit by Integration of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 with Ajwain and Cinnamon Essential Oils
Authors: Zamani‐Zadeh Maryam , Soleimanian‐Zad Sabihe , Sheikh‐Zeinoddin Mahmoud 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Lactobacillus plantarum A7 (L. Plantarum), ajwain and cinnamon essential oils (AO and CO, respectively) in suppressing gray mold rot in strawberry fruit. AO and CO showed over 90% inhibition of radial mycelia growth with lower concentration of the oils per plate for all tested pathogens. Combined application of L. plantarum with AO and CO was tested to assess the possible synergistic effects of these 3 elements on the control of tested plant pathogens. In this case both combinations of L. plantarum + AO and L. plantarum + CO inhibited the mycelia growth of the pathogens completely. Results showed that the combined treatment of strawberry fruits with L. plantarum + AO (50 μL) and L. plantarum + CO (100 μL) resulted in remarkably improved control of Botrytis infections, in comparison with application of L. plantarum or essential oils alone. Quality attributes (that is pH, acidity, vitamin C, and total soluble solid) of the strawberry fruits did not change significantly (P < 0.01) when combination of Lactobacillus and essential oils was used. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of combination of a Lactobacillus as an antagonist bacterium with essential oils to increase the shelf life of strawberry.
Sensory Evaluation of Dry‐fermented Sausage Containing Ground Deodorized Yellow Mustard
Authors: Li Shuliu , Aliani Michel , Holley Richard A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGround deodorized yellow mustard is used as a binder and meat protein substitute in cooked processed meat products. Recent studies have shown that it has the potential to be used in uncooked processed meat products because of its natural antimicrobial properties. In the present study, ground deodorized yellow mustard was added to uncooked dry‐fermented sausage during manufacture at 1% to 4% (w/w) and analyzed for its effects on starter cultures, physico‐chemical properties, and consumer acceptability. Mustard had a nondose‐dependent inhibitory effect on the Staphylococcus starter culture, had no effect on water activity or instrumental texture, and tended to accelerate sausage pH reduction. At 3% and 4% mustard, consumer scores on all sensory attributes as well as overall acceptability were significantly lower. The appearance and color of 3% and 4% mustard‐treated sausages were liked slightly, whereas flavor, texture, and overall acceptability scores were reduced. The control without mustard and 1% mustard‐treated sausages had similar sensory properties and were the most acceptable, while 2% mustard‐treated sausages were given “like moderately” and “like slightly” descriptors. Sensory results mean that at concentrations necessary for mandated regulatory control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dry sausages, mustard may have a negative effect on consumer acceptance.
Sharing Risks of Labour Market Transitions: Towards a System of Employment Insurance
Authors: Schmid Günther 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe increasing polarization of the labour market is closely related to the spread of non‐standard employment relationships that largely results from poor risk management of critical transitions over the life course. The question, therefore, arises whether labour market regulation, in particular unemployment insurance, is still properly designed for the new world of work. This article argues for an extension of unemployment insurance towards a system of employment insurance by summarizing the concept of transitional labour markets, indicating the risks that challenge current and future labour markets, laying the theoretical groundwork, and discussing the main features of an employment insurance system.
ChildWell‐BeingScales (CWBS) in the assessment of families and children in home‐care intervention: an empirical study
Authors: Serbati Sara , Pivetti Monica , Gioga Gianmaria 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper reports research carried out inItaly designed to investigate the usability ofChildWell‐BeingScale (CWBS) for the outcome evaluation of home‐care interventions for vulnerable families and children in need. Using a pre‐ and post‐test design, the study traces the changes in 18 vulnerable families and 23 children in need included in a programme of home‐care intervention over a period of 11 months. All the families and children were assessed twice: at intake and at the end of the intervention (after 6 months). Furthermore, 10 families and 11 children had a longer intervention and were assessed three times. Moreover, two focus groups involving 13 home‐care workers and 11 face‐to‐face interviews were used to collect practitioners' points of views onCWBS.The results generally support the idea that families' and children's situation improved over time, as shown by an improvement in almost all of the considered dimensions after 6 months and after 11 months. Specifically, the families improved more on household adequacy in the long term while children on the child performance dimension improved in the short term.Practitioners reported thatCWBSwas an aid to multi‐professional decision‐making, as the systematic evaluation of the subscales was a practical base upon which to activate shared decision‐making during the casework.
Tibial Cancellous Bone Grafting in Jaw Reconstruction: 10 Years of Experience in Taiwan
Authors: Ko Edward Chengchuan , Chang Chia‐Ming , Chang Peiying , Kao Chu‐Chiang , Chen Kwei‐Jing , Wu I‐Fan , Chen Michael Yuanchien 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundUse of proximal tibia as a donor site has been applied in jawbone reconstruction since the 1990s. Catone and colleagues described a U‐shaped incision made on the iliotibial tract during tibial cancellous bone procurement for maxillofacial reconstruction in 1992. We used a curvilinear incision on the iliotibial tract in lateral approach in our tibial cancellous bone harvesting procedure.ObjectivesThe objectives of this retrospective study are to describe our modified lateral approach for procuring cancellous graft from the proximal tibia and to assess the bone volume, donor site morbidity, and associated complications.Material and MethodsEighty consecutive jawbone reconstructions utilizing autogenous tibial cancellous bone grafts in 78 patients from March 1998 through March 2008 were reviewed. The patient group consisted of 45 males and 33 females, ages 18 to 76 (average age 36.1 ± 12.3). Minimal postoperative follow‐up period was 3 months. Unlike the traditional U‐shaped trapdoor incision on the iliotibial tract, our curvilinear incision was made almost parallel to the fibers of that tract.ResultOnly mild complications were observed at donor sites, including temporary paresthesia, gait disturbance, and an unpleasant scar. The average procured graft volume was 17.8 mL. We also present the first case of reconstruction of mandibular continuity defects of up to 6 to 7 cm lengthwise by tibial cancellous bone grafting, which has not previously been reported in the English literature.ConclusionThe modified incision on the iliotibial tract allowed access to obtain an equally good bone volume from the lateral aspect of the proximal tibia, and it rendered wound closure much easier than the procuring techniques described in the earlier literature.
Prosthetic restoration in the single‐tooth gap: patient preferences and analysis of the WTP index
Authors: Augusti Davide , Augusti Gabriele , Re Dino 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the preference of a patients' population, according to the index of willingness to pay (WTP), against two treatments to restore a single‐tooth gap: the implant‐supported crown (ISC) and the 3‐unit fixed partial denture prosthesis (FPDP) on natural teeth.Materials and methodsWillingness to pay values were recorded on 107 subjects by asking the WTP from a starting bid of €2000 modifiable through monetary increases or decreases (€100). Data were collected through an individually delivered questionnaire. The characteristics of the population and choices made, the median values and WTP associations with socio‐demographic parameters (Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests), correlations between variables (chi‐square test in contingency tables) and significant parameters for predicting WTP values obtained in a multiple linear regression model were revealed.ResultsThe 64% of patients expressed a preference for ISC, while the remaining 36% of the population chose the FPDP. The current therapeutic choice and those carried out in the past were generally in agreement (>70% of cases, P = 0.0001); a relationship was discovered between the anterior and posterior area to the same method of rehabilitation (101 of 107 cases, 94.4%). The WTP median values for ISC were of €3000 and of €2500 in the anterior and posterior areas, respectively. The smallest amount of money has been allocated for FPDP in posterior region (median of €1500). The “importance of oral care” for the patient was a significant predictor, in the regression model analysis, for the estimation of both anterior (P = 0.0003) and posterior (P < 0.0001) WTP values. The “previous therapy” variable reached and was just close to significance in anterior (P = 0.0367) and posterior (P = 0.0511) analyses, respectively.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, most of the population (64%) surveyed indicated the ISC as a therapeutic solution for the replacement of a single missing tooth, showing a higher WTP index in the anterior area. Among investigated socio‐demographic variables, the importance assigned by the patient to oral care appeared to influence WTP values of the rehabilitation, regardless the location of the single gap in the mouth.
Small bowel obstruction in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis related desmoid disease
Authors: Xhaja X. , Church J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimIntra‐abdominal desmoid disease is one of the most common extra‐intestinal manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis. Small bowel obstruction occurs frequently in affected patients and is notoriously difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to review the management and outcome of desmoid‐related small bowel obstruction.MethodThis was a retrospective, descriptive study of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and intra‐abdominal desmoid disease who developed small bowel obstruction. Demographic data and data concerning the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of the bowel obstructions were abstracted from the polyposis database or patients’ records. Patients with obstruction unrelated to desmoid disease were excluded.ResultsThere were 47 patients (30 women and 17 men). Median age at first bowel obstruction was 24.2 (interquartile range 19.2–34.2) years. The median time from index surgery to first bowel obstruction was 4.1 (interquartile range 1.5–9.0) years. Twenty‐two patients had a colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis and 21 a proctocolectomy and ileoanal pouch. Obstruction was treated medically in 29% of cases and surgically in 69%. Thirteen patients had total parental nutrition. Thirty (63.8%) had a second episode of small bowel obstruction at a mean of 5.3 years after the first, 50% of which were treated medically. Eighteen (37.5%) patients had more than two episodes of bowel obstruction. There were 118 operations, including lysis of adhesions (29), small bowel resection (14), bypass (12), ileostomy (12), desmoid excision (9) and stricturoplasty (2).ConclusionDesmoid‐related small bowel obstruction in familial adenomatous polyposis patients requires multiple surgical strategies to restore a patent gastrointestinal tract.What does this paper add to the literature?This is the only series in the literature specifically addressing small bowel obstruction in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and intra‐abdominal desmoid disease. The data show that small bowel obstruction is common, tends to recur, but can be successfully managed by a combination of medical and well selected surgical treatment.
Organ donation: what else can be done besides legislature?
Authors: Goh George Boon Bee , Mok Zhun Wei , Mok Zhun Rui , Chang Jason Pik Eu , Tan Chee Kiat 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWith the ongoing organ shortage for transplantation, Singapore has adopted an organ opt‐out scheme: Human Organ Transplant Act (HOTA) that presumes consent unless specified otherwise. Likewise, receptivity of doctors and medical students (MS), as future doctors, can positively influence organ donation (OD) rates. We explored the knowledge and attitudes of MS toward OD. MS from all five yr of medical school were recruited using self‐administered questionnaires. There were 294 completed questionnaires with 49.3% males and 45.6% pre‐clinical students. The MS were generally knowledgeable about organ transplantation, but deficient in the knowledge of some aspects of HOTA. The majority of the MS were receptive toward OD. Traditional values rather than religion were possible barriers toward OD. 50.7% of the MS were concerned that donated organs may be inappropriately used, while 32% had concerns that doctors would prematurely terminate treatment if the patient is a potential organ donor. Fewer clinical students shared such concerns, compared with the pre‐clinical students. The MS have a good understanding of basic tenets of OD and are receptive toward OD. Potential barriers for OD advocation are local traditional values and reservations regarding the appropriate use of harvested organs and provision of appropriate care to donor patients. These concerns are areas to address.
Insulin induces proliferation and cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells in a dose‐dependent manner
Authors: Li Wen‐Yan , Song Yang‐Liu , Xiong Cheng‐Juan , Lu Pei‐Qi , Xue Li‐Xiang , Yao Chun‐Xia , Wang Wei‐Ping , Zhang Shu‐Feng , Zhang Shan‐Feng , Wei Qing‐Xia , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Zhao Ji‐Min , Zang Ming‐Xi 
Published: September 2013

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas. The roles of insulin in energy metabolism have been well studied, with most of the attention focused on glucose utilization, but the roles of insulin in cell proliferation and differentiation remain unclear. In this study, we observed for the first time that 10 nmol/L insulin treatment induces cell proliferation and cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells, whereas 50 and 100 nmol/L insulin treatment induces P19CL6 cell apoptosis and blocks cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells. By using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting analysis, we found that the mRNA levels of cyclin D1 and α myosin heavy chain (α‐MHC) are induced upon 10 nmol/L insulin stimulation and inhibited upon 50/100 nmol/L insulin treatment, whereas the mRNA levels of BCL‐2‐antagonist of cell death (BAD) exists a reverse trend. The similar results were observed in P19CL6 cells expressing GATA‐6 or peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα). Our results identified the downstream targets of insulin, cyclin D1, BAD, α‐MHC, and GATA‐4, elucidate a novel molecular mechanism of insulin in promoting cell proliferation and differentiation.
Effects of various mixing techniques on physical properties of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Saghiri Mohammad Ali , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Gutmann James L. , Lotfi Mehrdad , Asatourian Armen 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different mixing techniques on surface microhardness, initial setting time, and phase formation of white mineral trioxide aggregate.MethodsTwenty‐one cylindrical glass tubes were selected and divided into three groups of seven in each (n = 7). White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) in groups A, B, and C were mixed by conventional, trituration, and ultrasonic techniques, respectively. Cements were mixed and packed into the glass tubes and incubated at 37°C for 3 days. After incubation, samples were subjected to microhardness evaluation, and four specimens from each group were prepared and observed under a scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. For setting time assessment, WMTA was mixed in three parts again, and Gilmore needle test was performed until the initial setting time of cement. Data were analyzed by one‐way anova and post hoc Tukey's test.ResultsSamples mixed by trituration technique significantly showed the highest microhardness (P < 0.001) and the lowest setting time, while the ultrasonically mixed specimens significantly revealed the highest setting time in comparison with other groups (P < 0.001). Samples mixed by trituration technique showed the highest uniformity in the bulk and highest amount of hydrated calcium silicate (CS) phases, while the lowest value was observed in ultrasonically mixed cements, which also showed the highest amount of anhydrated CS phases.ConclusionTrituration and conventional techniques were more suitable mixing methods for mineral trioxide aggregate in comparison with ultrasonic technique. Trituration resulted in better hydration and crystallization, which prevents clustering of powder and reduces voids and setting time of mixed cement.
Quantifying the direct and indirect effects of flow‐related disturbance on stream fish assemblages
Authors: Jellyman Phillip G. , Booker Doug J. , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: September 2013

Summary

Flood‐related disturbances are predicted to be seriously altered by climate change effects, and this will have strong implications for stream communities. Predicting how and why community structure responds to changes in disturbance regimes will require measures of disturbance that are closely linked to community variability. A range of disturbance measures have been tested for their ability to explain patterns in stream periphyton and invertebrate assemblages, but assessments of fish have largely focussed on flow measures as predictors. Consequently, the mechanisms driving fish assemblage responses to disturbance are poorly known.

Stream disturbance was quantified using seven measures, three based on disturbance of the streambed (assessed using painted tracer particles), three associated with variation in stream discharge and one from a subjective measure of stream channel stability. Twenty streams were sampled on five occasions to evaluate which disturbance measure explained the most variation in fish assemblages and also to quantify the influence of disturbance on spatial and temporal assemblage variability. To determine whether disturbance affected fish directly or via its effect on benthic food supply (i.e. stream invertebrates), a one‐off survey of 52 streams was conducted.

Path analysis on data from the 20 streams indicated that fish biomass responded most strongly to flow‐mediated bed movement, not flow variability. Consequently, bed‐movement measures were better predictors of spatial and temporal variability in fish biomass and assemblage structure than purely hydrological measures. Furthermore, variations in fish biomass and assemblage structure were higher in more disturbed streams. A second path analysis conducted on data from the 52 stream survey compared the effects of physical habitat and food‐related components of bed disturbance on fish biomass. It indicated that both had a similar influence on disturbance‐related reductions in fish biomass.

These results indicate that variation in fish assemblages can best be understood by measuring or predicting bed movement, because bed disturbance is likely to encompass more effectively major factors that influence stream fish, such as habitat availability and food supply. A shift in disturbance regime is likely to change the biomass of fish a habitat can support and fish assemblage structure.
Assessing global biome exposure to climate change through the Holocene–Anthropocene transition
Authors: Benito‐Garzón Marta , Leadley Paul W. , Fernández‐Manjarrés Juan F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimTo analyse global patterns of climate during the mid‐Holocene and conduct comparisons with pre‐industrial and projected future climates. In particular, to assess the exposure of terrestrial biomes and ecoregions to climate‐related risks during the Holocene–Anthropocene transition starting at the pre‐industrial period.LocationTerrestrial ecosystems of the Earth.MethodsWe calculated long‐term climate differences (anomalies) between the mid‐Holocene (6 ka cal bp, mH), pre‐industrial conditions and projections for 2100 (middle‐strength A1B scenario) using six global circulation models available for all periods. Climate differences were synthesized with multivariate statistics and average principal component loadings of temperature and precipitation differences (an estimate of climate‐related risks) were calculated on 14 biomes and 766 ecoregions.ResultsOur results suggest that most of the Earth's biomes will probably undergo changes beyond the mH recorded levels of community turnover and range shifts because the magnitude of climate anomalies expected in the future are greater than observed during the mH. A few biomes, like the remnants of North American and Euro‐Asian prairies, may experience only slightly greater degrees of climate change in the future as compared with the mH. In addition to recent studies that have identified equatorial regions as the most sensitive to future climate change, we find that boreal forest, tundra and vegetation of the Equatorial Andes could be at greatest risk, since these regions will be exposed to future climates that are well outside natural climate variation during the Holocene.ConclusionsThe Holocene–Anthropocene climate transition, even for a middle‐strength future climate change scenario, appears to be of greater magnitude and different from that between the mH and the pre‐industrial period. As a consequence, community‐ and biome‐level changes due to of expected climate change may be different in the future from those observed during the mH.
Validation study of Charlson Comorbidity Index in predicting mortality in Chinese older adults
Authors: Chan Tuen‐Ching , Luk James Ka‐Hay , Chu Leung‐Wing , Chan Felix Hon‐Wai 
Published: September 2013

AimThe Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is commonly studied for predicting mortality, but there is no validation study of it in Chinese older adults. The objective of the present study was to validate the use of CCI in Chinese older adults for predicting mortality.MethodWe carried out a retrospective cohort study from 2004 to 2013 for patients discharged from a geriatric day hospital in Hong Kong. Comorbidity was quantified using CCI, and patients were divided into six groups according to their score of CCI: CCI‐0, CCI‐1, CCI‐2, CCI‐3, CCI‐4 and CCI ≥ 5. Other data collected included demographics, and functional, nutritional, cognitive and social assessment. The outcome measure was 1‐year mortality.ResultsAt 1‐year follow up, 3.8% (n = 17), 5.9% (n = 37), 9.2% (n = 35), 12.9% (n = 20), 16.9% (n = 23) and 19.3% (n = 60) of CCI‐0, CCI‐1, CCI‐2, CCI‐3, CCI‐4 and CCI ≥ 5 died, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that CCI‐1, CCI‐2, CCI‐3, CCI‐4 and CCI ≥ 5 have a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.34 (confidence interval [CI] 1.04–2.12), 2.18 (CI 1.03–4.61), 3.44 (CI 1.52–7.81), 3.74 (CI 1.35–10.39) and 4.63 (CI 2.28–9.43), respectively, compared with CCI‐0. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curves of CCI in predicting 1‐year mortality for older adults was 0.68 (CI 0.64–0.72).ConclusionThere is a significant dose–response relationship in the hazard ratio between CCI and 1‐year mortality in Chinese older adults, but involvements of functional, nutritional and social assessments are important for comprehensive quantification of health status in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 452–457.