bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Reactivity of Chiral, Wide‐Bite‐Angle, Hybrid Diphosphorus Ligands
Authors: Czauderna Christine Fee , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Müller Christian , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , Vogt Dieter , Kamer Paul C. J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEffective and modular synthetic approaches toward phosphine–phosphite ligands and phosphine–phosphonite ligands featuring a diphenyl ether backbone have been developed. The phosphine–phosphite ligands are obtained by a two‐step protocol from 2‐bromo‐2′‐methoxydiphenyl ether. The phosphine–phosphonite ligands are prepared in a four‐step synthetic protocol that involves a novel, unsymmetrical diphenyl ether derived phosphine–phosphorusdiamide as key building block. Structural studies on PtII complexes with either phosphine–phosphite or phosphine–phosphonite ligands indicate strict cis coordination for these ligand systems. High‐pressure NMR spectroscopy studies of Rh complexes under syngas indicate the presence of two ea isomers for Rh(H)(CO)2(PP). The existence of this mixture is further supported by high‐pressure IR spectroscopy studies. In order to benchmark the activity and selectivity of these novel, wide‐bite‐angle, mixed‐donor ligands, they were screened in Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation as well as Rh‐catalyzed hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions. The ligands give 100 % conversion and low‐to‐moderate enantioselectivity in the allylic alkylation of 1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐propenyl acetate and cyclohexyl‐2‐enyl acetate with dimethyl malonate. In the hydroformylation of styrene, good conversion and regioselectivities are achieved but only moderate enantioselectivity. The ligands give good conversions in asymmetric hydrogenation of typical substrates, with good‐to‐excellent enantioselectivities of up to 97 % depending on the substrate.
Reactivity of Di‐tert‐butyl‐oxiranyllith­ium – An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Hadjadj‐Aoul Ratiba , Bouyacoub Abdelatif , Volatron François 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe reactivity of di‐tert‐butyl‐oxiranyllithium has been studied by means of ab initio calculations at the MP2 and CCSD(T)//MP2 levels of calculation. Six reaction pathways have been studied: three ring‐opening reactions, two cyclopropanation reactions, and addition to an alkyllithium. In each case, extrema and transition states have been located and characterized at the MP2 level. For all reactions under study, effects of the solvation by one or two additional alkyllithium molecules have been considered. It is found that the cyclopropanation reactions and one ring‐opening reaction are the most favorable pathways, which is in agreement with the experimental data. A comparison with the reactivity of mono‐tert‐butyl‐oxiranyllithium (previously studied at the same level of calculations) is presented. The origin of the different reactivities of these two species mainly comes from steric effects, which are more important in the di‐tert‐butyl‐substituted compound. Finally cyclobutanation reactions have been studied for both species. This reaction could be competitive only in the case of the di‐tert‐butyl species.
Dependence of correlations between spectral accelerations at multiple periods on magnitude and distance
Authors: Azarbakht A. , Mousavi M. , Nourizadeh M. , Shahri M. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, the dependence of correlations between spectral accelerations at multiple periods on magnitude (M) and distance (R) has been investigated. For this purpose, a relatively large dataset of ground motion records (GMRs), containing 1551 records with a wide range of seismic characteristics, was selected. It is shown that the difference in the correlation coefficient is statistically meaningful when the general GMR dataset is divided into two subsets based on an arbitrary M or R. The observed difference is more meaningful in the case of magnitude when compared with distance. The general dataset of GMRs was then divided into four separate subsets based on optimum values of M and R, so that the four obtained subsets were given the greatest dissimilarity in terms of the correlation coefficients. The correlation coefficients between spectral accelerations at multiple periods were calculated in the case of the four subsets and compared with the available correlations in the literature. The conditional mean spectrum was also calculated by means of the conventional correlation coefficients, as well as by using the proposed M and R dependent correlation coefficients. The results show that, despite the commonly available findings in the literature, this dependence is significant and should not be neglected in the conditional spectra calculation process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avian, salamander, and forest floor mercury concentrations increase with elevation in a terrestrial ecosystem
Authors: Townsend Jason M. , Driscoll Charles T. , Rimmer Christopher C. , McFarland Kent P. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

High-elevation ecosystems of the northeastern United States are vulnerable to deposition and environmental accumulation of atmospheric pollutants, yet little work has been done to assess mercury (Hg) concentrations in organisms occupying montane ecosystems. The authors present data on Hg concentrations in ground-foraging insectivorous songbirds, a terrestrial salamander, and forest floor horizons sampled along a forested elevational gradient from 185 m to 1273 m in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA. Mean Hg concentrations in Catharus thrushes and the salamander Plethodon cinereus increased with elevation, as did Hg concentrations in all forest floor horizons. Mean Hg concentrations in organic soils at approximately 1200 m elevation (503.5 ± 17.7 ng/g, dry wt) were 4.4-fold greater than those at approximately 200 m. Montane ecosystems of the northeastern United States, and probably elsewhere, are exposed to higher levels of atmospheric Hg deposition as reflected in accumulation patterns in the forest floor and associated high-elevation fauna. This information can be used to parameterize and test Hg transport and bioaccumulation models of landscape-specific patterns and may serve as a monitoring tool for decision makers considering future controls on Hg emissions. Further investigation is needed into the potential effects of increased Hg concentrations on high-elevation fauna. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:208–215. © 2013 SETAC
fMRI and sleep correlates of the age‐related impairment in motor memory consolidation
Authors: Fogel Stuart M. , Albouy Genevieve , Vien Catherine , Popovicci Romana , King Bradley R. , Hoge Rick , Jbabdi Saad , Benali Habib , Karni Avi , Maquet Pierre , Carrier Julie , Doyon Julien 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBehavioral studies indicate that older adults exhibit normal motor sequence learning (MSL), but paradoxically, show impaired consolidation of the new memory trace. However, the neural and physiological mechanisms underlying this impairment are entirely unknown. Here, we sought to identify, through functional magnetic resonance imaging during MSL and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings during daytime sleep, the functional correlates and physiological characteristics of this age‐related motor memory deficit. As predicted, older subjects did not exhibit sleep‐dependent gains in performance (i.e., behavioral changes that reflect consolidation) and had reduced sleep spindles compared with young subjects. Brain imaging analyses also revealed that changes in activity across the retention interval in the putamen and related brain regions were associated with sleep spindles. This change in striatal activity was increased in young subjects, but reduced by comparison in older subjects. These findings suggest that the deficit in sleep‐dependent motor memory consolidation in elderly individuals is related to a reduction in sleep spindle oscillations and to an associated decrease of activity in the cortico‐striatal network. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3625–3645, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rimonabant effects on anxiety induced by simulated public speaking in healthy humans: a preliminary report
Authors: Bergamaschi Mateus M. , Queiroz Regina H. C. , Chagas Marcos H. N. , Linares Ila M. P. , Arrais Kátia C. , de Oliveira Danielle C. G. , Queiroz Maria E. , Nardi Antonio E. , Huestis Marilyn A. , Hallak Jaime E. C. , Zuardi Antonio W. , Moreira Fabrício A. , Crippa José A. S. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveWe investigated the hypothesis that rimonabant, a cannabinoid antagonist/inverse agonist, would increase anxiety in healthy subjects during a simulation of the public speaking test.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to receive oral placebo or 90 mg rimonabant in a double‐blind design. Subjective effects were measured by Visual Analogue Mood Scale. Physiological parameters, namely arterial blood pressure and heart rate, also were monitored.ResultsTwelve participants received oral placebo and 12 received 90 mg rimonabant. Rimonabant increased self‐reported anxiety levels during the anticipatory speech and performance phase compared with placebo. Interestingly, rimonabant did not modulate anxiety prestress and was not associated with sedation, cognitive impairment, discomfort, or blood pressure changes.ConclusionsCannabinoid‐1 antagonism magnifies the responses to an anxiogenic stimulus without interfering with the prestress phase. These data suggest that the endocannabinoid system may work on‐demand to counteract the consequences of anxiogenic stimuli in healthy humans. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate‐induced apoptosis in human hepatic cells using the iTRAQ technique
Authors: Huang Qingyu , Zhang Jie , Peng Siyuan , Du Miaomiao , Ow Sawyen , Pu Hai , Pan Chensong , Shen Heqing 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most commonly used perfluorinated compounds, whose environmental exposure has been associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PFOS toxicity are still not well elucidated. In the present study, we applied iTRAQ labeling quantitative proteomic technology to investigate the differential protein expression profiles of non‐tumor human hepatic cells (L‐02) exposed to PFOS. A total of 18 proteins were differentially expressed in a dose‐dependent manner in PFOS‐treated cells versus the control. Among these, 11 proteins were up‐regulated and 7 were down‐regulated. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PFOS would exert toxic effects on L‐02 cells by affecting multiple biological processes, including protein biosynthesis and degradation, mRNA processing and splicing, transcription, signal transduction and transport. Furthermore, the proteomic results especially proposed that the inhibition of HNRNPC, HUWE1 and UBQLN1, as well as the induction of PAF1 is involved in the activation of the p53 and c‐myc signaling pathways, which then trigger the apoptotic process in L‐02 cells exposed to PFOS. Overall, these data will aid our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for PFOS‐mediated hepatotoxicity, and develop useful biomarkers for monitoring and evaluating PFOS contamination in the environment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective role of edaravone against neomycin‐induced ototoxicity in zebrafish
Authors: Choi June , Chang Jiwon , Jun Hyung Jin , Im Gi Jung , Chae Sung Won , Lee Seung Hoon , Kwon Soon‐Young , Jung Hak Hyun , Chung Ah‐Young , Park Hae‐Chul 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAminoglycosides such as neomycin are one of the most commonly prescribed types of antibiotics worldwide. However, these drugs appear to generate free radicals within the inner ear, which can result in permanent hearing loss. We evaluated the effects of edaravone, a neuroprotective agent, on neomycin‐induced ototoxicity in transgenic zebrafish. The 5‐day post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae were exposed to 125 μM neomycin and various concentrations of edaravone for 1 h. Hair cell survival was calculated as average numbers of the hair cells in the control group, which was not exposed to neomycin. Ultrastructural changes were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Edaravone protected against neomycin‐induced hair cell loss in the neuromasts (1000 μM: 11.6 ± 1.1 cells, neomycin only: 5.5 ± 0.5 cells; n = 10, P < 0.05) and decreased the TUNEL reaction for detecting apoptosis. In ultrastructural analysis, structures of mitochondria and hair cells within neuromasts were preserved in zebrafish exposed to 125 μM neomycin and 1000 μM edaravone for 1 h. Edaravone protected against neomycin‐induced hair cell loss by preventing apoptosis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: Study of 90 cases focusing on clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, preoperative biopsy, and frozen section diagnoses
Authors: Yeh Yi‐Chen , Chou Teh‐Ying 
Published: December 2013

Background and ObjectivesPulmonary neuroendocrine tumors have a prognostic spectrum including typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), small cell carcinoma (SCLC), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). We conducted a retrospective study to compare their clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, preoperative biopsy and frozen section diagnoses, and prognosis.MethodsNinety cases of surgically treated pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors were studied. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using antibodies to chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56. The preoperative biopsy and frozen section diagnoses were reviewed.ResultsThe 5‐year survival rates for TC, AC, SCLC, and LCNEC were 96.6%, 66.7%, 42.4%, and 38.0%, respectively. T stage and pleural status correlated with outcome of SCLC and LCNEC, but N‐stage and overall TNM stage did not. In preoperative biopsy, accurate diagnosis was achieved in 5 of 11 TC, 2 of 4 AC, 6 of 15 SCLC, and 0 of 5 LCNEC cases. Using frozen sections, accurate diagnosis was achieved in 8 of 12 TC, 2 of 11 SCLC, and 0 of 11 LCNEC cases.ConclusionsLCNEC was the most difficult to diagnose using either preoperative biopsy or frozen sections. T stage and pleural status can predict outcome of SCLC and LCNEC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:280–286. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mineralisation and Changes in the Fractions of Soil Organic Matter in Soils of the Permafrost Region, Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Fang Hongbing , Zhao Lin , Wu Tonghua , Li Ren , Ren Zhengwei , Pang Qiangqiang , Ding Yongjian 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTTo determine the relationship between soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and chemistry in the permafrost region of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP), 300‐day laboratory incubations at 25°C and chemical fractionation were performed to characterise the mineralisation dynamics of organic carbon from soils under five vegetation conditions. The respiration rates in wet meadows were the highest, followed by the Kobresia pygmaea meadow and K. robusta meadow. After the incubation period, all four fractions of SOM – non‐polarity soluble, water soluble, holocellulose and lignin contents – showed some decline, and the SOM decreased by 16–20 per cent in soils of the steppe, meadow and wet meadow. These results suggest that a large proportion of the organic matter in soils of the permafrost region in the QTP is mineralisable. Based on the changes in chemical fractions of organic matter, it could be determined that soils with higher water‐soluble fractions had higher rates of carbon mineralisation, while the mechanisms involved in the respiration of different chemical fractions are complicated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Finding a Balance’ in Involving Patients in Goal Setting Early After Stroke: A Physiotherapy Perspective
Authors: Lloyd A. , Roberts A. R. , Freeman J. A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground and PurposeCollaborative goal setting (between patient and professional) confers benefits within stroke and neurological rehabilitation, and is recommended in clinical guidelines. However, evidence suggests that patient participation in rehabilitation goal setting is not maximized, particularly within the hospital setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate physiotherapists' perceptions about their experiences of collaborative goal setting with patients in the sub‐acute stages after stroke, in the hospital setting.MethodsThis qualitative study employed constructivist grounded theory methodology. Nine physiotherapists, of varying experience, were selected using purposive then theoretical sampling from three National Health Service hospital stroke units in England. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, audio‐recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded and analysed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory to find common themes.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data: 1) ‘coming to terms with stroke’ — the individual patient journey; 2) the evolution of goal setting skill — the individual physiotherapist journey; and 3) ‘finding a balance’ — managing expectations and negotiating interactions. A provisional grounded theory was constructed, which highlighted that, from the physiotherapists' perspective, collaboration with patients within goal setting early after stroke involved finding a balance between numerous different drivers, which have the potential to compete. Patient‐directed and therapist‐directed goal setting approaches could be viewed as opposite ends of a continuum, along which patient‐centred goal setting is possible.DiscussionPhysiotherapists perceived that collaborating with patients in goal setting was important but challenging. Goal setting interactions with other professionals, patients and families were perceived as complex, difficult and requiring significant effort. The importance of individuality and temporality were recognized suggesting that the goal setting approach needs to be adapted to the context and the individuals involved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmaceuticals in surface waters: sources, behavior, ecological risk, and possible solutions. Case study of Lake Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Chèvre Nathalie 
Published: December 2013

Nowadays, pharmaceuticals are present in surface waters as well as in groundwaters of developed countries. In the middle of Lake Geneva, for example, one of the largest European lakes, 14 pharmaceuticals are regularly detected in concentrations up to 0.37 µg/L. This pollution is due to the human consumption of drugs and also veterinary use and industrial releases during production. In the case of Lake Geneva, this latter pollution is significant for some specific compounds. But, as shown in this overview, environmental toxicity data are lacking for most of the pharmaceuticals detected in the aquatic environment. For example, the ecotoxicity of metformin, one of the main compounds detected in Lake Geneva, is mostly unknown for the moment. Furthermore, specific effects like endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, or antibioresistance induction, which may be expected because of the mode of action of some drugs, have not yet been investigated for aquatic species. Ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals is therefore tricky and most of the time is not feasible. Owing to this lack of knowledge, also due to high biological potency of the pharmaceuticals, it is critical to reduce the release of these compounds to the aquatic system. This may be achieved by ‘at source’ (e.g., urine collection) methods or ‘end of pipe’ (e.g., wastewater treatment) solutions. WIREs Water 2014, 1:69–86. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1006This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water Quality
Peromyscus (deer mice) as developmental models
Authors: Vrana Paul B. , Shorter Kimberly R. , Szalai Gabor , Felder Michael R. , Crossland Janet P. , Veres Monika , Allen Jasmine E. , Wiley Christopher D. , Duselis Amanda R. , Dewey Michael J. , Dawson Wallace D. 
Published: December 2013

Deer mice (Peromyscus) are the most common native North American mammals, and exhibit great natural genetic variation. Wild‐derived stocks from a number of populations are available from the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center (PGSC). The PGSC also houses a number of natural variants and mutants (many of which appear to differ from Mus). These include metabolic, coat‐color/pattern, neurological, and other morphological variants/mutants. Nearly all these mutants are on a common genetic background, the Peromyscus maniculatus BW stock. Peromyscus are also superior behavior models in areas such as repetitive behavior and pair‐bonding effects, as multiple species are monogamous. While Peromyscus development generally resembles that of Mus and Rattus, prenatal stages have not been as thoroughly studied, and there appear to be intriguing differences (e.g., longer time spent at the two‐cell stage). Development is greatly perturbed in crosses between P. maniculatus (BW) and Peromyscus polionotus (PO). BW females crossed to PO males produce growth‐restricted, but otherwise healthy, fertile offspring which allows for genetic analyses of the many traits that differ between these two species. PO females crossed to BW males produce overgrown but severely dysmorphic conceptuses that rarely survive to late gestation. There are likely many more uses for these animals as developmental models than we have described here. Peromyscus models can now be more fully exploited due to the emerging genetic (full linkage map), genomic (genomes of four stocks have been sequenced) and reproductive resources.This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems
Management of Anastomotic Leak: Lessons Learned from a Large Colon and Rectal Surgery Training Program
Authors: Blumetti Jennifer , Chaudhry Vivek , Cintron Jose R. , Park John J. , Marecik Slawomir , Harrison Jacqueline L. , Prasad Leela M. , Abcarian Herand 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leak is a dreaded surgical complication that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite its prevalence, there is no consensus on the management of anastomotic leak. This study aimed to review the management of anastomotic leak in the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery at two institutions.
MethodsThis is a retrospective review of all anastomotic leaks occurring after surgery in the Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery at two teaching institutions during 1997–2008.ResultsAltogether, 103 leaks occurred in 1,707 anastomoses (6 %), with a median time to diagnosis of 20 days (2–1,400 days). The 90‐day mortality rate was 3 %. The majority of cases were managed nonoperatively (73 %), and the majority of leaks were from an extraperitoneal anastomosis (67 %). Success (i.e., radiographic demonstration of a healed leak, restored gastrointestinal continuity) occurred in 54 % of operatively managed leaks and 57 % of nonoperatively managed leaks (56 % overall). Operative management differed by leak location. In 91 % of patients with intraperitoneal leaks, the anastomosis was resected. In 76 % of patients with extraperitoneal leaks, diversion and drainage alone was performed without manipulating the anastomosis. Nonoperative management was successful for 57 % of extraperitoneal leaks and 58 % of intraperitoneal leaks. There was no significant difference in the success rates based on type of management (operative/nonoperative) for either extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal leaks.ConclusionsAnastomotic leak continues to result in patient morbidity and mortality. Its diverse presentation requires tailoring management to the patient. Nonoperative and operative treatments are viable options for intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal leaks based on patient presentation.