bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term weight loss patterns, baseline predictors, and longer‐term follow‐up within a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yank Veronica , Xiao Lan , Wilson Sandra R. , Stafford Randall S. , Rosas Lisa Goldman , Ma Jun 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo examine weight loss patterns and predictors among participants in a primary care‐based translation study of the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention.Design and MethodsCluster analysis identified short‐term (12‐week) weight loss patterns among 72 intervention participants. Analysis of variance assessed cluster differences in weight loss maintenance at 15‐month follow‐up. Discriminant analysis identified baseline characteristics that best differentiated between clusters.ResultsParticipants had baseline mean (SD) age of 55.0 (10.8) years and BMI of 31.9 (5.2) kg/m2. Cluster analysis identified three short‐term weight loss patterns: modest (n = 15; 21%), moderate‐and‐steady (n = 43; 60%), and substantial‐and‐early (n = 14; 19%). Only participants with the latter two patterns achieved clinically significant (≥5%) short‐term weight loss and maintained it at 15 months. On discriminant analysis, the modest cluster was most differentiated from other clusters by high friend encouragement for dietary change, high obesity‐related problems, and low physical well‐being. The moderate‐and‐steady cluster was differentiated by lower physical activity, family encouragement, and depression symptoms.ConclusionResults provided insight into the heterogeneity of response to an effective lifestyle intervention by identifying short‐term weight loss patterns and their baseline predictors and relationship to 15‐month success. If replicated, results may help tailor strategies for participant subgroups in weight loss programs.
Structural transitions in tau k18 on micelle binding suggest a hierarchy in the efficacy of individual microtubule‐binding repeats in filament nucleation
Authors: Barré Patrick , Eliezer David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe protein tau is found in an aggregated filamentous state in the intraneuronal paired helical filament deposits characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias and mutations in tau protein and mRNA cause frontotemproal dementia. Tau isoforms include a microtubule‐binding domain containing either three or four imperfect tandem microtubule binding repeats that also form the core of tau filaments and contain hexapaptide motifs that are critical for tau aggregation. The tau microtubule‐binding domain can also engage in direct interactions with detergents, fatty acids, or membranes, which can greatly facilitate tau aggregation and may also mediate some tau functions. Here, we show that the alternatively spliced second microtubule‐binding repeat exhibits significantly different structural characteristics compared with the other three repeats in the context of the intact repeat domain. Most notably, the PHF6* hexapeptide motif located at the N‐terminus of repeat 2 has a lower propensity to form strand‐like structure than the corresponding PHF6 motif in repeat 3, and unlike PHF6 converts to partially helical structure in the micelle‐bound state. Interestingly, the behavior of the Module‐B motif, located at the beginning of repeat 4, resembles that of PHF6* rather than PHF6. Our observations, combined with previous results showing that PHF6* and Module‐B are both less effective than PHF6 in nucleating tau aggregation, suggest a hierarchy in the efficacy of these motifs in nucleating tau aggregation that originates in differences in their intrinsic propensities for extended strand‐like structure and the resistance of these propensities to changes in tau's environment.
Establishment and serial passage of cell cultures derived from LuCaP xenografts
Authors: Young Sarah R. , Saar Matthias , Santos Jennifer , Nguyen Holly M. , Vessella Robert L. , Peehl Donna M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDLuCaP serially transplantable xenografts derived from primary and metastatic human prostate cancer encompass the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of the disease and are an invaluable resource for in vivo preclinical studies. A limitation of this model, however, has been the inability to establish and passage cell cultures derived from the xenografts. Here, we describe a novel spheroid culture system that supports long‐term growth of LuCaP cells in vitro.METHODSXenografts were minced and digested with collagenase. Tissue dissociation was terminated while the majority of cells remained as clusters rather than single cells. The cell clusters were suspended in StemPro medium supplemented with R1881 and Y‐27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor, and placed in ultralow attachment dishes for spheroid culture. Serial passage was achieved by partial digestion to small clusters with trypsin/EDTA in the presence of Y‐27632. Cell viability, growth and phenotype were monitored with LIVE/DEAD®, MTS, qRT‐PCR, and immunocytochemical assays.RESULTSCells from six LuCaP xenografts formed proliferating spheroids that were serially passaged a minimum of three times and cryopreserved. Two of the cell lines, LuCaP 136 and LuCaP 147, were further passaged and characterized. Both expressed biomarkers characteristic of the xenografts of origin, were determined to be of independent origin by STR fingerprinting, and were free of mycoplasma. LuCaP 147 formed tumors similar to the original xenograft when injected into mice.CONCLUSIONSThe ability to culture LuCaP cells affords new opportunities for fast, cheap, and efficient preclinical studies and extends the value of the LuCaP xenograft models. Prostate 73:1251–1262, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression of Botrytis cinerea on necrotic grapevine tissues by early‐season applications of natural products and biological control agents
Authors: Calvo‐Garrido Carlos , Viñas Inmaculada , Elmer Philip AG , Usall Josep , Teixidó Neus 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDNecrotic tissues within grape (Vitis vinifera) bunches represent an important source of Botrytis cinerea inoculum for Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) at harvest in vineyards. This research quantified the incidence of B. cinerea on necrotic floral and fruit tissues and the efficacy of biologically based treatments for suppression of B. cinerea secondary inoculum within developing bunches.RESULTSAt veraison (2009 and 2010), samples of aborted flowers, aborted fruits and calyptras were collected, and the incidence and sporulation of B. cinerea were determined. Aborted fruits presented significantly higher incidence in untreated samples. Early‐season applications of Candida sake plus Fungicover®, Fungicover alone or Ulocladium oudemansii significantly reduced B. cinerea incidence on aborted flowers and calyptras by 46–85%. Chitosan treatment significantly reduced B. cinerea incidence on calyptras. None of the treatments reduced B. cinerea incidence on aborted fruits. Treatments significantly reduced sporulation severity by 48% or more.CONCLUSIONSTreatments were effective at reducing B. cinerea secondary inoculum on necrotic tissues, in spite of the variable control on aborted fruits. This is the first report to quantify B. cinerea on several tissues of bunch trash and to describe the effective suppression of saprophytic B. cinerea inoculum by biologically based treatments. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
DVB‐RCS2 overview
Authors: Skinnemoen Harald , Rigal Christian , Yun Ana , Erup Lars , Alagha Nader , Ginesi Alberto 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents an overview, status, key technologies, and main benefits of DVB‐RCS2, as well as the target goals of what is probably the largest standardization effort conducted for satellite communication systems. In addition to the novel technology elements overview and to appreciate the background, basis, and mechanisms involved, we highlight the process and the key research investigations that characterized the standardization effort. We offer a brief comparison with the first‐generation DVB‐RCS, and we highlight the various profiles for different target use cases and include the latest status of the mobile and mesh capabilities. Finally, we describe the structure of the standard and allow ourselves to share some thoughts of the impact it may have. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late brain alterations in sepsis‐survivor rats
Authors: Steckert Amanda V. , Comim Clarissa M. , Mina Francielle , Mendonça Bruna P. , Dominguini Diogo , Ferreira Gabriela K. , Carvalho‐Silva Milena , Vieira Júlia S. , Streck Emilio L. , Quevedo João , Dal‐Pizzol Felipe 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCentral nervous system (CNS) dysfunction secondary to sepsis is characterized by long‐term cognitive impairment. It was observed that oxidative damage, energetic metabolism impairment, and cytokine level alteration seen in early times in an animal model of sepsis may persist for up to 10 days and might be associated with cognitive damage. In order to understand these mechanisms, at least in part, we evaluated the effects of sepsis on cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), oxidative parameters, and energetic metabolism in the brain of rats at both 30 and 60 days after sepsis induction by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). To this aim, male Wistar rats underwent CLP with “basic support” or were sham‐operated. Both 30 and 60 days after surgery, the CSF was collected and the animals were killed by decapitation. Then, the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cortex were collected. Thirty days after surgery, an increase of IL‐6 level in the CSF; an increase in the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive species (TBARS) in prefrontal cortex and a decrease in hippocampus, striatum, and cortex; a decrease of carbonyl protein formation only in prefrontal cortex and an increase in striatum; and an increase in the complex IV activity only in hippocampus were observed. Sixty days after sepsis, an increase of TNF‐α level in the CSF; a decrease of TBARS only in hippocampus; an increase of carbonyl protein formation in striatum; and a decrease of complex I activity in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were observed. These findings may contribute to understanding the role of late cognitive impairment. Further studies may address how these findings interact during sepsis development and contribute to CNS dysfunction. Synapse 67:786–793, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ambient response of a unique performance‐based design tall building with dynamic response modification features
Authors: Çelebi Mehmet , Huang Moh , Shakal Anthony , Hooper John , Klemencic Ron 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYA 64‐story, performance‐based design building with reinforced concrete core shear walls and unique dynamic response modification features (tuned liquid sloshing dampers and buckling‐restrained braces) has been instrumented with a monitoring array of 72 channels of accelerometers. The responses of the building to ambient motions from ground or wind were recorded and analyzed to identify modes and associated frequencies and damping. Not unexpectedly, the low‐amplitude dynamic characteristics are considerably different than those computed from design analyses. Nonetheless, these computed values serve as a baseline against which to compare future strong shaking responses. Such studies help to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of the response modification features at various levels of shaking, to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the design analysis tools and to improve similar designs in the future. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Direct Observation of Unstable Reaction Intermediates by Acid‐Base Complex Formation
Authors: Ohashi Yuji 
Published: June 2013

Abstract: The structures of several unstable or metastable reaction intermediates that were photoproduced in crystals were analyzed by using X‐ray techniques. The presence of enough void space around the reactive group(s) is an essential factor for the reaction to occur with retention of the single‐crystal form. To expand the void space, an acid group (COOH) was substituted onto the reactant molecule and acid‐base complex crystals were prepared with several amines, such as dibenzylamine and dicyclohexylamine. Following the formation of such acid‐base complexes in crystals, the metastable structures of nitrenes and red species of photochromic salicylideneanilines have been successfully analyzed by using X‐ray techniques. Moreover, the structure of a Pt complex anion in the excited state has been analyzed, which formed acid‐base complex crystals with various alkylammonium cations. The formation of acid‐base complexes will be a powerful tool for directly observing the structure of unstable or metastable reaction intermediates by using X‐ray techniques.
Spin‐forbidden reactions: computational insight into mechanisms and kinetics
Authors: Harvey Jeremy N. 
Published: June 2013

Many chemical reactions involve one or more changes in the total electronic spin of the reacting system as part of one or more elementary steps. Computational and theoretical methods that can be used to understand such reaction steps are described, and a number of recent examples are highlighted. A particularly strong focus is given to general rules that govern multistep reactions of this type. The two most important rules are (1) that spin‐state change without change in atom connectivity, or spin crossover, is facile and rapid, at least when it is exothermic; and (2) that reactions involving spin‐state change and changes in atom connectivity tend to prefer stepwise mechanisms in which spin crossover steps alternate with spin‐allowed bond‐making and breaking steps. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:1–14. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1154This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Overexpression of Ten‐m3 in the retina alters ipsilateral retinocollicular projections in the wallaby (Macropus eugenii)
Authors: Carr Owen P. , Glendining Kelly A. , Leamey Catherine A. , Marotte Lauren R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRetinal projections to the superior colliculus are organised into retinotopic maps. Binocular vision requires that inputs from the two eyes map in register with each other. Studies in mice lacking Ten‐m3, a homophilic transmembrane protein, indicate that it plays a key role in this process by influencing ipsilateral projections. The postnatal, ex utero development of the wallaby allows the targeted manipulation of molecules of interest during development. The distribution of mRNA for Ten‐m3 in the retina and superior colliculus of the wallaby, and the effects of its spatiotemporally restricted retinal overexpression was investigated, in particular on the mapping of ipsilateral projections. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction found that Ten‐m3 mRNA is expressed at relatively higher levels in the retina and colliculus early in development. Further, it is higher in ventral than dorsal retina, and increased in the retinotopically corresponding medial compared to lateral superior colliculus. In situ hybridisation demonstrated an increasing dorsoventral gradient in retinal ganglion cells was matched to an increasing lateromedial gradient in the superior colliculus. Overexpression of Ten‐m3 by in vivo retinal electroporation produced an increase in ipsilateral projections to the binocular rostromedial colliculus, fitting with the proposal that Ten‐m3 mediates mapping by attractant homophilic interactions. Retrograde labelling of the projection from this region suggested that overexpression produces a shift in the axons of existing ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells rather than a rerouting of the axons of contralaterally projecting cells. Retinal manipulation of Ten‐m3 levels produces changes in ipsilateral mapping, supporting a role for it in binocular mapping.
Irrational fads, short‐term memory emulation, and asset predictability
Authors: Bekiros Stelios D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOpponents of the efficient markets hypothesis argue that predictability reflects the psychological factors and “fads” of irrational investors in a speculative market. In that, conventional time series analysis often fails to give an accurate forecast for financial processes due to inherent noise patterns, fat tails, and nonlinear components. A recent stream of literature on behavioral finance has revealed that boundedly rational agents using simple rules of thumb for their decisions under uncertainty provides a more realistic description of human behavior than perfect rationality with optimal decision rules. Consequently, the application of technical analysis in trading could produce high returns. Machine learning techniques have been employed in economic systems in modeling nonlinearities and simulating human behavior. In this study, we expand the literature that evaluates return sign forecasting ability by introducing a recurrent neural network approach that combines heuristic learning and short‐term memory emulation, thus mimicking the decision‐making process of boundedly rational agents. We investigate the relative direction‐of‐change predictability of the neural network structure implied by the Lee–White–Granger test as well as compare it to other well‐established models for the DJIA index. Moreover, we examine the relationship between stock return volatility and returns. Overall, the proposed model presents high profitability, in particular during “bear” market periods.
New Wiwaxia material from the Tsinghsutung Formation (Cambrian Series 2) of Eastern Guizhou, China
Authors: SUN HAI-JING , ZHAO YUAN-LONG , PENG JIN , YANG YU-NING 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWiwaxia is an extinct early metazoan with uncertain affinities, which is well represented in strata of Cambrian Series 2–3 age. Well-preserved representatives of Wiwaxia are known from the Burgess Shale Biota and the Kaili Biota. Here, new material of Wiwaxia corrugata (Matthew, 1899) is reported from the upper part of the Tsinghsutung Formation (Cambrian Series 2) near Balang Village, Guizhou Province, China. These specimens have a close evolutionary relationship to Wiwaxia taijiangensis Zhao, Qian & Lee, 1994 from the overlying Kaili Formation. New Wiwaxia material from the Tsinghsutung Formation and observations of specimens with articulated individuals from the Kaili Formation suggest that Wiwaxia taijiangensis should be a junior synonym of W. corrugata. A new study indicates that W. corrugata has a wide geographic distribution, a short geological history and evolutionary uniqueness and provides new data on taphonomy of this genus.
Psychopharmacology and psychotherapy for the treatment of adults with ADHD—a systematic review of available meta-analyses
Authors: Moriyama Tais S. , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Terzi Fernanda S. , Faria Kauy M. , Rohde Luis A. 
Published: June 2013

Objective/IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adult life is a prevalent condition. We systematically reviewed the literature available by searching for meta-analyses assessing pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for adults with ADHD.MethodsUsing wide-ranging search terms, we retrieved 191 titles from the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Two independent evaluators judged all abstracts. Only meta-analyses about the treatment of adults with ADHD were included. Information from meta-analyses found was systematically extracted by 3 independent evaluators.ResultsEight meta-analyses were identified. Results from those meta-analyses suggest that stimulants are effective in decreasing ADHD symptoms on a short-term basis with a medium to large effect size (ES). Short-acting stimulants might be superior to long-acting stimulants, but no data on difference in adherence are available for the comparison of these two types of formulation. Bupropion is superior to placebo but less effective than stimulants. No conclusions about the impact of psychosocial interventions can be drawn based on meta-analyses so far.DiscussionThe efficacy of stimulants in reducing ADHD symptoms for adults is well documented in meta-analyses, but there is a concerning lack of meta-analysis about other treatment interventions.ConclusionThe available meta-analytic literature does not cover questions of essential clinical relevance for adults with ADHD.
Structural and Biomechanical Effects of Photooxidative Collagen Cross-Linking with Photosensitizer Riboflavin and 370 nm UVA Light on Human Corneoscleral Tissues
Authors: Choi Samjin , Shin Jae-Ho , Cheong Youjin , Jin Kyung-Hyun , Park Hun-Kuk 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study quantitatively investigated the immediate effects of a photooxidative collagen cross-linking treatment with photosensitizer riboflavin (RF) and 370 nm UVA light inin vitrohuman corneoscleral collagen fibrils using histology, thickness, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy analyses. Twenty 8 × 2 mm corneoscleral strips were dissected sagittally from donor tissue using a scalpel. Four parameters were investigated, including the density, thickness, adhesion force, and stiffness of corneoscleral tissues before and after the collagen cross-linking treatment. The RFUVA-catalyzed collagen cross-linking treatment led to an increase in the density of both corneal (8%) and scleral (23%) stromal collagens. However, there was no difference in corneoscleral thickness. Furthermore, RFUVA-catalyzed collagen cross-linking treatment led to an increased biomechanical response of corneosclera: 25 and 8% increases in corneoscleral stiffness, and 24 and 22% increases in corneoscleral adhesion force. The collagen cross-linking treatment through RF-sensitized photoreaction may cause structural and biomechanical changes in the collagen fibril network of the cornea and the sclera. This is due to narrowing of the interfibrillar spacing and the stromal edema.
The republic of consumption at the Olympic Games: globalization, Americanization, and Californization
Authors: Dyreson Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAction sports such as beach volleyball and snowboarding have recently become popular commodities at the Olympics. While some observers view these new sports as global phenomena with transnational origins, they were incubated in California and are linked to the promotion of American visions of affluence. The encroachment of these sports onto global stages at the Olympics signals the continuing historical power of Californization, a particular brand of Americanization. The efforts to Californize the world through Olympic sports is considerably older than the debut of action sports, dating to the 1920s and 1930s when a coalition of US government agents, sports promoters, and corporate entrepreneurs began to articulate a strategy to mask Americanization campaigns in the world's leading sporting event under the veneer of California style. In the process they ‘dis’-invented historical traditions, in particular Olympic sports, in order to amplify their prospects in global markets.