bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Ankle in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kessler Jeffrey I. , Weiss Jennifer M. , Nikizad Hooman , Gyurdzhyan Samvel , Jacobs John C. , Bebchuk Judith D. , Shea Kevin G. 
Published: July 2014

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the ankle is a disorder of the talar or distal tibial subchondral bone and articular cartilage whose incidence in children is not clearly known. Purpose: To assess the demographics and epidemiology of OCD of the ankle in children. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: A retrospective chart review of an integrated health system was conducted on patients with ankle OCD aged 2 to 19 years from 2007 to 2011, with >1 million patients in this cohort. Lesion location, laterality, and all patient demographics were recorded. Ankle OCD incidence was determined for the group as a whole and by both sex and age group (divided into age groups of 2-5, 6-11, and 12-19 years). The risk for ankle OCD for age group, sex, and ethnicity was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: A total of 85 patients fit the inclusion criteria, and 71.8% of lesions found were in the medial talus, 56.5% of lesions were right sided, and none were bilateral. No ankle OCD lesions were found in 2- to 5-year-olds. The incidence of ankle OCD in patients aged 6 to 19 years was 4.6 per 100,000 overall and 3.2 and 6.0 per 100,000 for male and female patients, respectively. Patients aged 12 to 19 years represented the vast majority of those with OCD, with an incidence of 6.8 per 100,000 compared with 1.1 per 100,000 in those 6 to 11 years of age. In those aged 6 to 11 and 12 to 19 years, female patients had a respective incidence of 1.5 and 8.9 per 100,000, whereas male patients had a respective incidence of 0.7 and 4.8 per 100,000. The overall female/male ratio of ankle OCD was 1.6:1. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a 6.9 times increased risk for ankle OCD in patients aged 12 to 19 years compared with those aged 6 to 11 years (95% CI, 3.8-12.5; P < .0001), and female patients had a 1.5 times greater risk for ankle OCD than male patients (95% CI, 1.0-2.3; P = .06). On the basis of race and ethnicity, non-Hispanic whites had the highest relative risk for disease and African Americans the lowest risk. Conclusion: In this population‐based cohort study of pediatric ankle OCD, female patients had a greater incidence of OCD and a 1.5 times greater risk for ankle OCD compared with male patients. Teenagers had nearly 7 times the risk for ankle OCD compared with children 6 to 11 years of age.
Ethical and legal challenges associated with disaster nursing
Authors: Aliakbari Fatemeh , Hammad Karen , Bahrami Masoud , Aein Fereshteh 
Published: July 2014

Background: In disaster situations, nurses may face new and unfamiliar ethical and legal challenges not common in their everyday practice. Research question/objectives/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to explore Iranian nurses’ experience of disaster response and their perception of the competencies required by nurses in this environment. Research design: This article discusses the findings of a descriptive study conducted in Iran in 2012. Participants and research context: This research was conducted in Iran in 2012. Participants included 35 nurses who had experience in healthcare delivery following a disaster event in the past 10 years, either in a hospital or out-of-hospital context. Ethical considerations: This research study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Findings: From this study, five themes emerged as areas that nurses require competence in to work effectively in the disaster setting. This article focusses on one theme, the ethical and legal issues that arise during disaster response. Within the theme of ethical and legal issues, two sub-themes emerged. (1) Professional ethics explores professional responsibility of nurses as well as sense of ethical obligation. (2) Adherence to law refers to nurses’ familiarity with and observation of legal requirements. Discussion: This article adds to a growing pool of literature which explores the role of nurses in disasters. The findings of this study emphasize the need for nurses working in the disaster setting to be aware of professional responsibilities and familiar with legal requirements and the challenges related to observing ethical responsibilities. Conclusion: In highlighting these issues, this article may provide a useful starting point for the development of an educational framework for preparing nurses and other health professionals to work in the disaster setting.
Monitoring the Efficacy of ADP Inhibitor Treatment in Patients With Acute STEMI Post-PCI by VASP-P Flow Cytometry Assay
Authors: Fedor Marian , Samoš M. , Šimonová R. , Fedorová J. , Škorňová I. , Duraj L. , Staško J. , Kovář F. , Mokáň M. , Kubisz P. 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) with clopidogrel and aspirin represents common approach in prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The drawback of clopidogrel treatment is large interindividual variability in response. Aim: Our article aims to suggesting the most convenient method in monitoring the DAPT of post-PCI patients. Methods: We analyzed the on-treatment platelet reactivity by light transmission aggregometry and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) flow cytometric assay. Samples were obtained in 3 intervals: first prior to PCI, then 1, and 30 days after PCI. Results: Based on VASP-platelet reactivity index (PRI), we observed 100% response rate in prasugrel-treated patients and 62% to 73 % in the clopidogrel group. Overall, only 2 (7%) patients with the VASP-PRI value in therapeutic range had major adverse cardiovascular events. Conclusion: Our results hint VASP-phosphorylation assay as a relevant method for guiding and tailoring DAPT.
Platelet diameters in inherited thrombocytopenias: analysis of 376 patients with all known disorders
Authors: Noris Patrizia , Biino Ginevra , Pecci Alessandro , Civaschi Elisa , Savoia Anna , Seri Marco , Melazzini Federica , Loffredo Giuseppe , Russo Giovanna , Bozzi Valeria , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Gresele Paolo , Heller Paula G. , Pujol-Moix Nuria , Kunishima Shinji , Cattaneo Marco , Bussel James , De Candia Erica , Cagioni Claudia , Ramenghi Ugo , Barozzi Serena , Fabris Fabrizio , Balduini Carlo L. 
Published: July 2014

Key Points
Measurement of platelet diameters in 376 patients resulted in a new classification of inherited thrombocytopenias based on platelet size. Measurement of platelet diameters is a useful tool for differential diagnosis of inherited thrombocytopenias.
Endothelial cells translate pathogen signals into G-CSF–driven emergency granulopoiesis
Authors: Boettcher Steffen , Gerosa Rahel C. , Radpour Ramin , Bauer Judith , Ampenberger Franziska , Heikenwalder Mathias , Kopf Manfred , Manz Markus G. 
Published: July 2014

Key Points
ECs express Tlr4 and Myd88 and, after in vivo LPS or E coli stimulation, are the prime sources of G-CSF. ECs are sensors of systemically spread pathogens and subsequent drivers of BM emergency granulopoiesis.
Diatomite silica nanoparticles for drug delivery
Authors: Ruggiero Immacolata , Terracciano Monica , Martucci Nicola M , De Stefano Luca , Migliaccio Nunzia , Tatè Rosarita , Rendina Ivo , Arcari Paolo , Lamberti Annalisa , Rea Ilaria 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Diatomite is a natural fossil material of sedimentary origin, constituted by fragments of diatom siliceous skeletons. In this preliminary work, the properties of diatomite nanoparticles as potential system for the delivery of drugs in cancer cells were exploited. A purification procedure, based on thermal treatments in strong acid solutions, was used to remove inorganic and organic impurities from diatomite and to make them a safe material for medical applications. The micrometric diatomite powder was reduced in nanoparticles by mechanical crushing, sonication, and filtering. Morphological analysis performed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy reveals a particles size included between 100 and 300 nm. Diatomite nanoparticles were functionalized by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and labeled by tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Different concentrations of chemically modified nanoparticles were incubated with cancer cells and confocal microscopy was performed. Imaging analysis showed an efficient cellular uptake and homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in cytoplasm and nucleus, thus suggesting their potentiality as nanocarriers for drug delivery.

PACS

87.85.J81.05.Rm; 61.46. + w
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in osteoporotic osteoarthritis of the knee in rats: an experiment in animals
Authors: Wang Ching-Jen , Huang Chien-Yiu , Hsu Shan-Ling , Chen Jen-Hung , Cheng Jai-Hong 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in osteoporotic (OP) osteoarthritis (OA) of rat knee.

Methods
Fifty-six rats were divided into seven groups including sham, OA, OP, OA + OP, OA + ESWT, OP + ESWT, and OA + OP + ESWT groups. The evaluations included gross pathology, bone mineral density (BMD), micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan, bone-strength test, histopathologic examination, and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results
On gross pathology, group OA + OP showed larger areas of osteoarthritic changes than did groups OA and OP, as compared with the sham group. BMD and bone strength significantly decreased in groups OA, OP, and OA + OP relative to the sham group, and ESWT significantly improved BMD and bone-strength changes. On micro-CT scan, the subchondral plate thickness significantly decreased, and the bone porosity increased in groups OA, OP, and OA + OP, and ESWT significantly improved the changes in subchondral-plate thickness and bone porosity. In histopathologic examination, Mankin score and safranin O score significantly increased in groups OA and group OA + OP, but not in group OP relative to the sham group, and ESWT significantly improved the changes. In immunohistochemical analysis, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) significantly increased, but vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) decreased in groups OA, OP, and OA + OP relative to the sham group, and ESWT significantly reversed the changes.

Conclusions
Osteoporosis increased the severity of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis of the knee. ESWT showed effectiveness in the reduction of osteoporotic osteoarthritis of the knee in rats.
Feasibility study of personalized peptide vaccination for metastatic recurrent triple-negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Takahashi Ryuji , Toh Uhi , Iwakuma Nobutaka , Takenaka Miki , Otsuka Hiroko , Furukawa Mina , Fujii Teruhiko , Seki Naoko , Kawahara Akihiko , Kage Masayoshi , Matsueda Satoko , Akagi Yoshito , Yamada Akira , Itoh Kyogo , Sasada Tetsuro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Since treatment modalities for metastatic recurrent triple-negative breast cancer (mrTNBC) are limited, a novel treatment approach including immunotherapy is required. We have developed a novel regimen of personalized peptide vaccination (PPV), in which vaccine antigens are individually selected from a pool of different peptide candidates based on the pre-existing host immunity. Herein we conducted a phase II study of PPV for metastatic recurrent breast cancer patients to investigate the feasibility of PPV for mrTNBC.

Methods
Seventy-nine patients with metastatic recurrent breast cancer who had metastases and had failed standard chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy were enrolled. They were subgrouped as the mrTNBC group (n = 18), the luminal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative group (n = 41) and the HER2-positive group (n = 18), while the remaining two patients had not been investigated. A maximum of four human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched peptides showing higher peptide-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in pre-vaccination plasma were selected from 31 pooled peptide candidates applicable for the four HLA-IA phenotypes (HLA-A2, -A24, or -A26 types, or HLA-A3 supertypes), and were subcutaneously administered weekly for 6 weeks and bi-weekly thereafter. Measurement of peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and IgG responses along with other laboratory analyses were conducted before and after vaccination.

Results
No severe adverse events associated with PPV were observed in any of the enrolled patients. Boosting of CTL and/or IgG responses was observed in most of the patients after vaccination, irrespective of the breast cancer subtypes. There were three complete response cases (1 mrTNBC and 2 luminal/HER2-negative types) and six partial response cases (1 mrTNBC and 5 luminal/HER2-negative types). The median progression-free survival time and median overall survival time of mrTNBC patients were 7.5 and 11.1 months, while those of luminal/HER2-negative patients were 12.2 and 26.5 months, and those of HER2-positive patients were 4.5 and 14.9 months, respectively.

Conclusions
PPV could be feasible for mrTNBC patients because of the safety, immune responses, and possible clinical benefits.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
UMIN000001844 (Registration Date: April 5, 2009)
Modulation of chemokine gradients by apheresis redirects leukocyte trafficking to different compartments during sepsis, studies in a rat model
Authors: Peng Zhi-Yong , Bishop Jeffery V , Wen Xiao-Yan , Elder Michele M , Zhou Feihu , Chuasuwan Anan , Carter Melinda J , Devlin Jason E , Kaynar A Murat , Singbartl Kai , Pike Francis , Parker Robert S , Clermont Gilles , Federspiel William J , Kellum John A 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Prior work suggests that leukocyte trafficking is determined by local chemokine gradients between the nidus of infection and the plasma. We recently demonstrated that therapeutic apheresis can alter immune mediator concentrations in the plasma, protect against organ injury, and improve survival. Here we aimed to determine whether the removal of chemokines from the plasma by apheresis in experimental peritonitis changes chemokine gradients and subsequently enhances leukocyte localization into the infected compartment, and away from healthy tissues.

Methods
In total, 76 male adult Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 400 g to 600 g were included in this study. Eighteen hours after inducing sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture, we randomized these rats to apheresis or sham treatment for 4 hours. Cytokines, chemokines, and leukocyte counts from blood, peritoneal cavity, and lung were measured. In a separate experiment, we labeled neutrophils from septic donor animals and injected them into either apheresis or sham-treated animals. All numeric data with normal distributions were compared with one-way analysis of variance, and numeric data not normally distributed were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results
Apheresis significantly removed plasma cytokines and chemokines, increased peritoneal fluid-to-blood chemokine (C-X-C motif ligand 1, ligand 2, and C-C motif ligand 2) ratios, and decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-to-blood chemokine ratios, resulting in enhanced leukocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity and improved bacterial clearance, but decreased recruitment into the lung. Apheresis also reduced myeloperoxidase activity and histologic injury in the lung, liver, and kidney. These Labeled donor neutrophils exhibited decreased localization in the lung when infused into apheresis-treated animals.

Conclusions
Our results support the concept of chemokine gradient control of leukocyte trafficking and demonstrate the efficacy of apheresis to target this mechanism and reduce leukocyte infiltration into the lung.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces thrombin receptor PAR-4 expression to enhance cell migration and COX-2 formation in human monocytes
Authors: Mahajan-Thakur Shailaja , Sostmann Björn D , Fender Anke C , Behrendt Daniel , Felix Stephan B , Schrör Karsten , Rauch Bernhard H 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThrombin is not only a central factor in blood coagulation but also stimulates inflammatory processes, including monocyte responses, via activation of PARs. The signaling lipid S1P is a major determinant of monocyte function. Here, we established an interaction between S1P and human monocyte responses to thrombin. S1P induced PAR-1 and PAR-4 mRNA and total protein expression in human monocytes and U937 cells in a concentration (0.1–10 μM)- and time (1–24 h)-dependent manner, respectively. However, only PAR-4 cell-surface expression was increased significantly by S1P, whereas PAR-1 remained unaffected. This response was associated with activation of the Akt, Erk, and p38 pathway and induction of COX-2 but not COX-1. PAR-4-mediated induction of COX-2 was prevented by the PI3K inhibitor LY (10 μM). Preincubation of human monocytes with S1P (1 μM; 16 h) resulted in an enhanced chemotaxis toward thrombin or to selective AP for PAR-4 but not PAR-1. Furthermore, down-regulation of PAR-4 transcription with siRNA attenuated the chemotactic response to thrombin and AP4. In conclusion, S1P enhances monocyte responses to thrombin via up-regulation of PAR-4 expression, which promotes cell migration and COX-2 abundance. This mechanism may facilitate monocyte recruitment to sites of vessel injury and inflammation.
Establishment of epithelial polarity – GEF who's minding the GAP?
Authors: Ngok Siu P. , Lin Wan-Hsin , Anastasiadis Panos Z. 
Published: July 2014

Cell polarization is a fundamental process that underlies epithelial morphogenesis, cell motility, cell division and organogenesis. Loss of polarity predisposes tissues to developmental disorders and contributes to cancer progression. The formation and establishment of epithelial cell polarity is mediated by the cooperation of polarity protein complexes, namely the Crumbs, partitioning defective (Par) and Scribble complexes, with Rho family GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. The activation of different GTPases triggers distinct downstream signaling pathways to modulate protein–protein interactions and cytoskeletal remodeling. The spatio-temporal activation and inactivation of these small GTPases is tightly controlled by a complex interconnected network of different regulatory proteins, including guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and guanine-nucleotide-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). In this Commentary, we focus on current understanding on how polarity complexes interact with GEFs and GAPs to control the precise location and activation of Rho GTPases (Crumbs for RhoA, Par for Rac1, and Scribble for Cdc42) to promote apical–basal polarization in mammalian epithelial cells. The mutual exclusion of GTPase activities, especially that of RhoA and Rac1, which is well established, provides a mechanism through which polarity complexes that act through distinct Rho GTPases function as cellular rheostats to fine-tune specific downstream pathways to differentiate and preserve the apical and basolateral domains.
This article is part of a Minifocus on Establishing polarity. For further reading, please see related articles: ‘ERM proteins at a glance’ by Andrea McClatchey (J. Cell Sci. 127, [098343]). ‘Integrins and epithelial cell polarity’ by Jessica Lee and Charles Streuli (J. Cell Sci. 127, [146142]).
Solution-processable n-Type Semiconducting Materials Containing a Carbonyl-bridged Thiazole-fused π System
Authors: Ie Yutaka , Sato Chihiro , Nitani Masashi , Tada Hirokazu , Aso Yoshio 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
To develop solution-processable n-type organic semiconducting materials, we synthesized new π-conjugated compounds consisting of a carbonyl-bridged thiazole-fused π system and aromatic imides. Photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as n-type semiconductor performances of these compounds were investigated.
Novel Protocol for the Synthesis of Organic Ammonium Tribromides and Investigation of 1,1′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)dipiperidinium Bis(tribromide) in the Silylation of Alcohols and Thiols
Authors: Dey Rupa R , Paul Bappi , Dhar Siddhartha S , Bhattacharjee Sushmita 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of organic ammonium tribromides (OATBs) is developed by using inexpensive and eco-friendly periodic acid as an oxidant for the conversion of Br− to Br3−. The method does not use any mineral acid and metal oxidants. The protocol is utilized to synthesize a new bis(tribromide) viz., 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)dipiperidinium bis(tribromide) (EDPBT). EDPBT is investigated as a catalyst in the silylation of alcohols and thiols by HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane) under solvent-free conditions.
Nucleophilic Substitution in 16π-Antiaromatic System: Synthesis of Heteroatom-substituted Dibenzopentalenes
Authors: Xu Feng , Peng Lifen , Wakamatsu Kan , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An antiaromatic compound, 5-bromo-10-iododibenzopentalene, underwent nucleophilic substitution of heteroatoms such as R2NLi, ROLi, and RSLi. This substitution proceeded preferentially at the bromopentalene moiety than at the iodo-counterpart. Combining this substitution and Sonogashira coupling enabled syntheses of π-systems expanded by a dibenzopentalene array and heteroatom(s).
Competitor Orientation and the Evolution of Business Markets
Authors: Bendle Neil , Vandenbosch Mark 
Published: July 2014

Competitor orientation, i.e., the focus on beating the competition rather than maximizing profits, seems to thrive in business situations despite being, by definition, suboptimal for profit-maximizing firms. Our research explains how a competitor orientation can persist and even thrive in equilibrium in markets that reward only profits. We apply evolutionary game theory to business markets where reputation matters. We use three games that represent classic interactions in business marketing: Chicken (to illustrate competition for product adoption), the Battle of the Sexes (channel negotiations), and the Prisoners' Dilemma (pricing battles).Initial populations are assumed to have both profit-maximizing managers and competitor-oriented managers (i.e., those who gain additional utility from beating others). We demonstrate that a competitor orientation can survive in equilibrium despite selection that is based solely on profits. Using Chicken, we show that a competitor orientation thrives and can even overrun the population. We use the Battle of the Sexes to show that a competitor orientation will overrun one population in a two-sided negotiation (e.g., all retailers in a retailer/manufacturer dyad). Last, using the Prisoners' Dilemma, we show that competitor orientation is not selected against. We conclude that evolutionary profit-driven selection pressures cannot be assumed to eliminate nonprofit-maximizing behavior even when selection is based purely on profitability.