bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of liver fibrosis in rats by MRI with apparent diffusion coefficient and T1 relaxation time in the rotating frame
Authors: Hu Genwen , Zhang Xuhui , Liang Wen , Zhong Xing , Chan Queenie , Lin Xiaoying , Lin Ting , Li Yufa , Quan Xianyue 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo explore the value of T1 relaxation times in the rotating frame (T1ρ or T1rho) for evaluating liver fibrosis stage, compared to apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs).Materials and MethodsLiver fibrosis in model rats (n = 50) was produced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection. Five rats died during the experiment. Surviving model rats (n = 45) and controls (n = 15) were subjected to 3.0T MRI and the ADCs (b‐values: 0, 800 s/mm2) and T1ρ values were determined. Liver fibrosis stage (F0–F4) was defined based on METAVIR scoring. Nonparametric statistical methods and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were employed to determine diagnostic accuracy.ResultsMean ADC and T1ρ associated negatively (r = −0.732 P < 0.001) and positively (r = 0.863 P < 0.001), respectively, with severity of fibrosis stage. Analysis of ROC curves for fibrosis staging showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for T1ρ (stage F0 vs. F1–F4 = 0.976, stage F0–F1 vs. F2–F4 = 0.920, stage F0–F2 vs. F3–F4 = 0.938, and stage F0–F3 vs. F4 = 0.931) was larger than that for ADCs (0.917, 0.924, 0.842, and 0.781, respectively).ConclusionADC and T1ρ values correlate with liver fibrosis stage. The performance of the T1ρ parameter was superior to that of the ADC parameter in the differentiation of liver fibrosis stages in a CCl4 rat model. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1082–1089.
Reorganization of Lamellar Diblock Copolymer Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) in the Melting Temperature Range
Authors: Chen Lanlan , Jiang Jing , Zhuravlev Evgeny , Wei Lai , Schick Christoph , Xue Gi , Zhou Dongshan 
Published: October 2015

The reorganization kinetics of the “original” lamellar diblock copolymer poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) crystals formed at 260 K is studied in the melting region from 270 K (10 K below the onset of the melting peak of original crystals) to 310 K (the melting peak temperature) on the time scale starting from 10−4 to 102 s by ultrafast differential scanning calorimetry. Different reorganization pathways are observed in this temperature range. Annealing at temperatures below 295 K leads to further stabilization of original crystals by secondary crystallization. At annealing temperatures higher than 295 K, crystals partially melt and the reorganization occurs via the melting–recrystallization. For even higher temperature, such as 310 K, the melting is completed within a few milliseconds and recrystallization starts from the nuclei formation. The sigmoidal recrystallization kinetics is analyzed by the Avrami equation. It is found that the copolymer experiences about one order of magnitude slower recrystallization rate and has higher melting peak temperatures of crystals formed after recrystallization than the homopolymer. The slower recrystallization kinetics in the copolymer is discussed from the viewpoint of the nanoscale spatial constraint and the intermediate state prior to the recrystallization.
image
Photoinduced Cross‐Linking of Dynamic Poly(disulfide) Films via Thiol Oxidative Coupling
Authors: Feillée Noémi , Chemtob Abraham , Ley Christian , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Allonas Xavier , Ponche Arnaud , Le Nouen Didier , Majjad Hicham , Jacomine Léandro 
Published: October 2015

Initially developed as an elastomer with an excellent record of barrier and chemical resistance properties, poly(disulfide) has experienced a revival linked to the dynamic nature of the S–S covalent bond. A novel photobase‐catalyzed oxidative polymerization of multifunctional thiols to poly(disulfide) network is reported. Based solely on air oxidation, the single‐step process is triggered by the photodecarboxylation of a xanthone acetic acid liberating a strong bicyclic guanidine base. Starting with a 1 μm thick film based on trithiol poly(ethylene oxide) oligomer, the UV‐mediated oxidation of thiols to disulfides occurs in a matter of minutes both selectively, i.e., without overoxidation, and quantitatively as assessed by a range of spectroscopic techniques. Thiolate formation and film thickness determine the reaction rates and yield. Spatial control of the photopolymerization serves to generate robust micropatterns, while the reductive cleavage of S–S bridges allows the recycling of 40% of the initial thiol groups.
image
Facile Synthesis of DendriMac Polymers via the Combination of Living Anionic Polymerization and Highly Efficient Coupling Reactions
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Wang Qiuyun , Sang Wei , Han Li , Liu Pibo , Sheng Heyu , Wang Yurong , Li Yang 
Published: October 2015

Two DendriMac polymers (Dendri‐hydr and Dendri‐click) are efficiently and conveniently synthesized via the combination of living anionic polymerization (LAP) and hydrosilylation/click chemistry. Based on the end‐capping of DPE derivatives (DPE‐SiH and DPE‐DA) toward polymeric anions, the polymeric core and arms are effectively synthesized, and the base polymers can be regarded as polymeric bricks. Hydrosilylation and click chemistry are used as coupling reactions to construct the DendriMac polymers with high efficiency and convenience. The numbers of branched arms are calculated by SEC as 5.84 and 6.08 for Dendri‐hydr and Dendri‐click, respectively, which indicate that the DendriMac architectures exhibit high structural integrity. Because of its independence, high efficiency, and convenience, the whole construction can be regarded as the “building of polymeric bricks.”
image
Charge compensating defects study of YbF‐doped BaF crystals using dielectric loss
Authors: Nicoara Irina , Stef Marius 
Published: October 2015

AbstractYbF‐doped BaF crystals with various concentrations of YbF (0.05, 0.1, 0.17, 0.2 mol) have been grown using the conventional Bridgman method. Dielectric relaxation is used to study the charge compensating defects in BaF crystals with low YbF concentration. The optical absorption spectra reveal the existence of both Yb (in UV domain) and Yb (in IR domain) ions. In the investigated temperature range (150–320 K) we have observed only one type of dielectric relaxation. This relaxation with activation energy eV is associated with trigonal‐type () centers. The charge compensating defects are discussed while taking also into account the optical absorption spectra and the calculated number of NNN dipoles whose relaxation is observed.
Variability in large‐scale wind power generation
Authors: Kiviluoma Juha , Holttinen Hannele , Weir David , Scharff Richard , Söder Lennart , Menemenlis Nickie , Cutululis Nicolaos A. , Danti Lopez Irene , Lannoye Eamonn , Estanqueiro Ana , Gomez‐Lazaro Emilio , Zhang Qin , Bai Jianhua , Wan Yih‐Huei , Milligan Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe paper demonstrates the characteristics of wind power variability and net load variability in multiple power systems based on real data from multiple years. Demonstrated characteristics include probability distribution for different ramp durations, seasonal and diurnal variability and low net load events. The comparison shows regions with low variability (Sweden, Spain and Germany), medium variability (Portugal, Ireland, Finland and Denmark) and regions with higher variability (Quebec, Bonneville Power Administration and Electric Reliability Council of Texas in North America; Gansu, Jilin and Liaoning in China; and Norway and offshore wind power in Denmark). For regions with low variability, the maximum 1 h wind ramps are below 10% of nominal capacity, and for regions with high variability, they may be close to 30%. Wind power variability is mainly explained by the extent of geographical spread, but also higher capacity factor causes higher variability. It was also shown how wind power ramps are autocorrelated and dependent on the operating output level. When wind power was concentrated in smaller area, there were outliers with high changes in wind output, which were not present in large areas with well‐dispersed wind power. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfactant‐Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron in Food and Water Samples and Comparison with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Shrivas Kamlesh , Dewangan Khemchand 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA technique of selective and sensitive surfactant‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with spectrophotometry was developed for determination of iron in water and food samples. This method involves the formation of a red‐colored iron‐thiocyanate complex in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant. The use of CTAB assisted in color formation and effective extraction of the complex into the organic solvent through micelle formation prior to spectrophotometric and flame atomic absorption spectrometry measurement. Optimum absorbance and extraction of the iron complex was obtained with concentrations of ammonium thiocyanate, N‐phenylbenzimidoyl thiourea, CTAB and sodium chloride of 0.30 M, 3.0 × 10−3 M, 0.40 × 10−3 M and 1.0 %, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over a range of 20–350 ng mL−1 iron with correlation of estimation (R2) of 0.997. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of iron in food (cereal, fruit and vegetable) and water samples.
Long-term outcome for patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita
Authors: Dubousset Jean , Guillaumat Michel 
Published: October 2015

Purpose To access the long-term outcomes for patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita at adult age. Materials and Methods The cases were traced for most of them thanks to direct contact maintained from child hood, from colleagues interested from other parts of the country, and from the list from Alliance arthrogryposis association (parents and patients). The methods used were: mostly direct clinical examination, some phone calls or email. All answered a questionnaire for general life and mainly for function. One of these questions was: what is the function you missed most during your life? Results 65 patients(41 females and 24 males) were reviewed at adult age from 22 to 65 years. For the personal life: 38 are married and had 34 children with only 4 having arthrogryposis. Only 27 (15 F/12 M) were living alone. Self-sufficiency was observed in 35, partial in 20, total dependence in 10 people. 38 reached university level, 20 had secondary school level, 10 had primary school level. Ambulation was made possible with wheelchair: permanent for 18, partial for 9 ambulating at home only, 8 ambulating outside with crutches and 29 were free walkers. 36 patients out of 65 were driving a car sometimes modified with special equipment. The involvement of spine was seen in 26 patients requiring surgical treatment sometimes complex combining anterior and posterior approach in 14 cases. Surgery of the lower limbs (hips, knee, feet) was very often repeated, with almost always stability, pain free and function. The most important finding was that 52 patients had more or less severe involvement of the upper limbs which was considered by the majority of the patients to be the most disabling, more than the absence of walking! Conclusion Finally, it appeared that for the care of these patients, priority goes to the upper limbs function, because majority of these patients have a high level of intelligence. A remarkable fact is that many of these patients had to spend a lot of time during infancy and childhood in rehabilitation centers with education adapted for schools and teachers. Finally, they are grateful for that, telling often that it would have been much more difficult if not impossible to have such a treatment and education at home.
The interplay of socio‐psychological factors on school engagement among early adolescents
Authors: Awang‐Hashim Rosna , Kaur Amrita , Noman Mohammad 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe study examined a conceptual model integrating existing knowledge on the linkages between life satisfaction, affect, purpose in life, and resilience with school engagement. This model posits direct relationships between all the social psychological variables and school engagement, and also indirect relationships between life satisfaction and school engagement as mediated by all the other variables in the study. The participants were 2381 students (1119 boys and 1262 girls) with average age of 15 years, from 40 national secondary schools in Malaysia. The findings supported the theoretical conceptualization. All variables were positively associated with school engagement. The strongest relationship was observed between overall life satisfaction and school engagement. The mediating model was partially supported. The study reiterates the adage that “it takes a village to raise a child”. Implications for practice and future research are discussed in the context of engagement in school learning.
Back to Basics: Guideline Review and Commenting
Authors: Conner Ramona L. , Spruce Lisa , Hicks Rodney W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProfessional guidelines are based on evidence. AORN develops the Guidelines for Perioperative Practice based on a review of pertinent evidence; however, perioperative nurses should participate in the review and public commenting process for these practice guidelines. This article explains how nurses can participate to strengthen the guidelines and help make them accurate and applicable to perioperative practice.
Use of Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Blocks for Pain Management in Elderly Surgical Patients
Authors: Sammons Gay , Ritchey William 
Published: October 2015

AbstractElderly patients who require surgical interventions often have multiple comorbidities that complicate their intraoperative and postoperative care. Surgical team members should consider all potential problems that elderly patients may experience and base perioperative care on their assessment. This article discusses the use of the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in elderly patients undergoing surgical procedures to relieve pain and reduce the use of narcotics or sedatives during the immediate and extended postoperative recovery period. By reducing postoperative pain and the use of sedatives and narcotics, the TAP block improves pain management and helps reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium, pneumonia, urinary retention, and falls.
Assessing Alzheimer's disease patients' quality of life: Discrepancies between patient and caregiver perspectives
Authors: Andrieu Sandrine , Coley Nicola , Rolland Yves , Cantet Christelle , Arnaud Catherine , Guyonnet Sophie , Nourhashemi Fati , Grand Alain , Vellas Bruno ,   PLASA group
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionQuality of life (QOL) is an important dimension to consider in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but few large‐scale studies have analyzed self and caregiver reports of patient QOL.MethodsPatient QOL was evaluated in a cohort of 574 AD patients with the QOL‐AD scale over 2 years.ResultsCaregiver reports of patient QOL were lower at baseline than self reports. Older patient age was associated with overestimation of QOL by caregivers, whereas neuropsychiatric inventory score and caregiver burden were associated with underestimation. Activities of daily living limitation, depressive symptoms, and caregiver burden were systematically associated with poorer QOL, whereas caregiver relationship and apathy were associated with poorer QOL only for self reports or caregiver reports, respectively. Cognitive function and professional care were not associated with QOL. Self‐rated patient QOL did not change over time, whereas disease severity markers and caregiver‐rated patient QOL declined.DiscussionIt is important to assess both self and caregiver ratings when assessing patient QOL.
The decay of wall-bounded MHD turbulence at low
Authors: Pothérat Alban , Kornet Kacper 
Published: October 2015

We present direct numerical simulations of decaying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence at low magnetic Reynolds number. The domain considered is bounded by periodic boundary conditions in the two directions perpendicular to the magnetic field and by two plane Hartmann walls in the third direction. Regimes of high magnetic fields (Hartmann number of up to 896) are reached thanks to a new spectral method using the eigenvectors of the dissipation operator. The decay is found to proceed through two phases: first, energy and integral length scales vary rapidly during a two-dimensionalisation phase extending over approximately a Hartmann friction time. During this phase, the evolution of the former appears significantly more impeded by the presence of walls than that of the latter. Once the large scales are nearly quasi-two-dimensional, the decay results from the competition of a two-dimensional dynamics driven by dissipation in the Hartmann boundary layers and the three-dimensional dynamics of smaller scales. In the later stages of the decay, three-dimensionality subsists under the form of barrel-shaped structures. A purely quasi-two dimensional decay entirely dominated by friction in the Hartmann layers is not reached because of residual dissipation in the bulk. However, this dissipation is not generated by the three-dimensionality that subsists, but by residual viscous friction due to horizontal velocity gradients. In the process, the energy in the velocity component aligned with the magnetic field is found to be strongly suppressed, as is skewness. This result reproduces the experimental findings of Kolesnikov & Tsinober (Fluid Dyn., vol. 9, 1974, pp. 621–624), where, as in the present simulations, Hartmann walls were present.
Multi-level engineering facilitates the production of phenylpropanoid compounds in tomato
Authors: Zhang Yang , Butelli Eugenio , Alseekh Saleh , Tohge Takayuki , Rallapalli Ghanasyam , Luo Jie , Kawar Prashant G. , Hill Lionel , Santino Angelo , Fernie Alisdair R. , Martin Cathie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhenylpropanoids comprise an important class of plant secondary metabolites. A number of transcription factors have been used to upregulate-specific branches of phenylpropanoid metabolism, but by far the most effective has been the fruit-specific expression of AtMYB12 in tomato, which resulted in as much as 10% of fruit dry weight accumulating as flavonols and hydroxycinnamates. We show that AtMYB12 not only increases the demand of flavonoid biosynthesis but also increases the supply of carbon from primary metabolism, energy and reducing power, which may fuel the shikimate and phenylalanine biosynthetic pathways to supply more aromatic amino acids for secondary metabolism. AtMYB12 directly binds promoters of genes encoding enzymes of primary metabolism. The enhanced supply of precursors, energy and reducing power achieved by AtMYB12 expression can be harnessed to engineer high levels of novel phenylpropanoids in tomato fruit, offering an effective production system for bioactives and other high value ingredients.
Embryo-scale tissue mechanics during Drosophila gastrulation movements
Authors: Rauzi Matteo , Krzic Uros , Saunders Timothy E. , Krajnc Matej , Ziherl Primož , Hufnagel Lars , Leptin Maria 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMorphogenesis of an organism requires the development of its parts to be coordinated in time and space. While past studies concentrated on defined cell populations, a synthetic view of the coordination of these events in a whole organism is needed for a full understanding. Drosophila gastrulation begins with the embryo forming a ventral furrow, which is eventually internalized. It is not understood how the rest of the embryo participates in this process. Here we use multiview selective plane illumination microscopy coupled with infrared laser manipulation and mutant analysis to dissect embryo-scale cell interactions during early gastrulation. Lateral cells have a denser medial–apical actomyosin network and shift ventrally as a compact cohort, whereas dorsal cells become stretched. We show that the behaviour of these cells affects furrow internalization. A computational model predicts different mechanical properties associated with tissue behaviour: lateral cells are stiff, whereas dorsal cells are soft. Experimental analysis confirms these properties in vivo.
Population genomic datasets describing the post-vaccine evolutionary epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Croucher Nicholas J. , Finkelstein Jonathan A. , Pelton Stephen I. , Parkhill Julian , Bentley Stephen D. , Lipsitch Marc , Hanage William P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae is common nasopharyngeal commensal bacterium and important human pathogen. Vaccines against a subset of pneumococcal antigenic diversity have reduced rates of disease, without changing the frequency of asymptomatic carriage, through altering the bacterial population structure. These changes can be studied in detail through using genome sequencing to characterise systematically-sampled collections of carried S. pneumoniae. This dataset consists of 616 annotated draft genomes of isolates collected from children during routine visits to primary care physicians in Massachusetts between 2001, shortly after the seven valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine was introduced, and 2007. Also made available are a core genome alignment and phylogeny describing the overall population structure, clusters of orthologous protein sequences, software for inferring serotype from Illumina reads, and whole genome alignments for the analysis of closely-related sets of pneumococci. These data can be used to study both bacterial evolution and the epidemiology of a pathogen population under selection from vaccine-induced immunity.
Detection and characterization of mineralo-organic nanoparticles in human kidneys
Authors: Wong Tsui-Yin , Wu Cheng-Yeu , Martel Jan , Lin Cheng-Wei , Hsu Fu-Yung , Ojcius David M. , Lin Paul Y. , Young John D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEctopic calcification is associated with various human diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. Although mineral nanoparticles have been detected in calcified blood vessels, the nature and role of these particles in the human body remain unclear. Here we show for the first time that human kidney tissues obtained from end-stage chronic kidney disease or renal cancer patients contain round, multilamellar mineral particles of 50 to 1,500 nm, whereas no particles are observed in healthy controls. The mineral particles are found mainly in the extracellular matrix surrounding the convoluted tubules, collecting ducts and loops of Henle as well as within the cytoplasm of tubule-delineating cells and consist of polycrystalline calcium phosphate similar to the mineral found in bones and ectopic calcifications. The kidney mineral nanoparticles contain several serum proteins that inhibit ectopic calcification in body fluids, including albumin, fetuin-A and apolipoprotein A1. Since the mineralo-organic nanoparticles are found not only within calcified deposits but also in areas devoid of microscopic calcifications, our observations indicate that the nanoparticles may represent precursors of calcification and renal stones in humans.