bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pig Skin Includes Dendritic Cell Subsets Transcriptomically Related to Human CD1a and CD14 Dendritic Cells Presenting Different Migrating Behaviors and T Cell Activation Capacities
Authors: Marquet Florian , Vu Manh Thien-Phong , Maisonnasse Pauline , Elhmouzi-Younes Jamila , Urien Céline , Bouguyon Edwige , Jouneau Luc , Bourge Mickael , Simon Gaëlle , Ezquerra Angel , Lecardonnel Jérôme , Bonneau Michel , Dalod Marc , Schwartz-Cornil Isabelle , Bertho Nicolas 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Swine skin is one of the best structural models for human skin, widely used to probe drug transcutaneous passage and to test new skin vaccination devices. However, little is known about its composition in immune cells, and among them dendritic cells (DC), that are essential in the initiation of the immune response. After a first seminal work describing four different DC subpopulations in pig skin, we hereafter deepen the characterization of these cells, showing the similarities between swine DC subsets and their human counterparts. Using comparative transcriptomic study, classical phenotyping as well as in vivo and in vitro functional studies, we show that swine CD163pos dermal DC (DDC) are transcriptomically similar to the human CD14pos DDC. CD163pos DDC are recruited in inflamed skin, they migrate in inflamed lymph but they are not attracted toward CCL21, and they modestly activate allogeneic CD8 T cells. We also show that CD163low DDC are transcriptomically similar to the human CD1apos DDC. CD163low DDC migrate toward CCL21, they activate allogeneic CD8 and CD4 T cells and, like their potential human lung counterpart, they skew CD4 T cells toward a Th17 profile. We thus conclude that swine skin is a relevant model for human skin vaccination.
STING-Mediated DNA Sensing Promotes Antitumor and Autoimmune Responses to Dying Cells
Authors: Klarquist Jared , Hennies Cassandra M. , Lehn Maria A. , Reboulet Rachel A. , Feau Sonia , Janssen Edith M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Adaptive immune responses to Ags released by dying cells play a critical role in the development of autoimmunity, allograft rejection, and spontaneous as well as therapy-induced tumor rejection. Although cell death in these situations is considered sterile, various reports have implicated type I IFNs as drivers of the ensuing adaptive immune response to cell-associated Ags. However, the mechanisms that underpin this type I IFN production are poorly defined. In this article, we show that dendritic cells (DCs) can uptake and sense nuclear DNA-associated entities released by dying cells to induce type I IFN. Remarkably, this molecular pathway requires STING, but not TLR or NLR function, and results in the activation of IRF3 in a TBK1-dependent manner. DCs are shown to depend on STING function in vivo to efficiently prime IFN-dependent CD8+ T cell responses to tumor Ags. Furthermore, loss of STING activity in DCs impairs the generation of follicular Th cells and plasma cells, as well as anti-nuclear Abs, in an inducible model of systemic lupus erythematosus. These findings suggest that the STING pathway could be manipulated to enable the rational design of immunotherapies that enhance or diminish antitumor and autoimmune responses, respectively.
Using a 3‐D MHD simulation to interpret propagation and evolution of a coronal mass ejection observed by multiple spacecraft: The 3 April 2010 event
Authors: Zhou Yufen , Feng Xueshang , Zhao Xinhua 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe coronal mass ejection (CME) event on 3 April 2010 is the first fast CME observed by STEREO Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation/Heliospheric Imager for the full Sun‐Earth line. Such an event provides us a good opportunity to study the propagation and evolution of CME from the Sun up to 1 AU. In this paper, we study the time‐dependent evolution and propagation of this event from the Sun to Earth using the 3‐D SIP‐CESE (Solar‐InterPlanetary Conservation Element and Solution Element) MHD model. The CME is initiated by a simple spherical plasmoid model: a spheromak magnetic structure with high‐speed, high‐pressure, and high‐plasma density plasmoid. The simulation performs a comprehensive study on the CME by comparing the simulation results with STEREO and Wind observations. It is confirmed from the comparison with observations that the MHD model successfully reproduces many features of both the fine solar coronal structure and the typical large‐scale structure of the shock propagation and gives the shock arrival time at Earth with an error of ∼2 h. Then we analyze in detail the several factors affecting the CME's geo‐effectiveness: the CME's propagation trajectory, span angle, and velocity.
The building and stabilization of an Archean Craton in the Superior Province, Canada, from a heat flow perspective
Authors: Jaupart C. , Mareschal J.‐C. , Bouquerel H. , Phaneuf C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHow continental lithosphere responds to tectonic stresses and mantle convective processes is determined in large part by its mechanical strength and temperature distribution, which depend on crustal heat production. In order to establish reliable crustal and thermal models for the Superior Craton, Canadian Shield, new measurements of heat flux and heat production in 28 deep boreholes at 16 sites are combined with a larger set of older data. The Superior Province was assembled by the docking of volcanic/plutonic and metasedimentary terranes and continental fragments to the southern margin of an older core around 2.7 Ga. The average heat flux is much lower in the craton core than in the accreted terranes, 31 versus 43 mW m−2. The major accreted volcanic/plutonic belts share the same heat production characteristics, testifying to the remarkable uniformity of crust‐building mechanisms. The marked difference between the crusts of the core and the accreted belts supports the operation of two different crust‐forming processes. The crust of the craton core has an enriched upper layer, in contrast to that of the younger belts which lack marked internal differentiation. At the end of amalgamation, the lithosphere of the craton core was colder and mechanically stronger than the lithosphere beneath newly accreted material. Surrounding the craton core with weaker belts may have ensured its stability against tectonic and mantle convection perturbations. This large strength contrast accounts for the lack of lithospheric imbrication at the edge of the craton core as well as for the different characteristics of seismic anisotropy in the lithospheres of the craton core and the younger terranes.
The evolution of crack seal vein and fracture networks in an evolving stress field: Insights from Discrete Element Models of fracture sealing
Authors: Virgo Simon , Abe Steffen , Urai Janos L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVeins are ubiquitous in upper and middle crustal rocks. Due to strength and stiffness contrast to the host rock, veins can influence crack propagation. Here we present Discrete Element Models to investigate crack‐vein interactions by simulating cycles of fracturing of a rock mass, sealing the cracks to form veins, and refracturing the rock mass after rotating the stress field. We observe different styles of interaction between new fractures and existing veins, depending on the strength ratio between vein and host rock and on the changes in the stress field between the different deformation stages. If the orientation of stress field does not change between deformation stages, ataxial crack seal veins are produced if the veins are weak and a bundle of subparallel microveins if the veins are strong. If the stress field is rotated between deformation stages, the interactions include reactivation, fracture deflection, and crosscutting. Reactivation of weak veins occurs even if the vein orientation is highly unfavorable relative to the stress field. Relays of fractures between reactivated veins form at a higher angle to the veins than expected. This demonstrates that the orientation of secondary veins does not reflect the regional stress field in a simple manner and that veins can strongly influence fracture connectivity, with implications for paleostress analysis and basin modeling. Simulation results compare well with field examples of multiphase vein networks in carbonates from Jebel Akhdar, Oman.
A partial mechanistic understanding of the North American monsoon
Authors: Erfani Ehsan , Mitchell David 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn understanding of the major governing processes of North American monsoon (NAM) is necessary to guide improvement in global and regional climate modeling of the NAM, as well as NAM's impacts on the summer circulation, precipitation, and drought over North America. A mechanistic understanding of the NAM is suggested by incorporating local‐ and synoptic‐scale processes. The local‐scale mechanism describes the effect of the temperature inversion over the Gulf of California (GC) on controlling low‐level moisture during the 2004 NAM. The strong low‐level inversion inhibits the exchange between the moist air in the marine boundary layer (MBL) and the overlying dry air. This inversion weakens with increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in GC and generally disappears once SSTs exceed 29.5°C, allowing the moist air, trapped in the MBL, to mix with free tropospheric air. This leads to a deep, moist layer that can be transported by across‐gulf (along‐gulf) flow toward the NAM core region (southwestern U.S.) to form thunderstorms. On the synoptic scale, climatologies from 1983 to 2010 exhibit a temporal correspondence between coastal warm tropical surface water, NAM deep convection, NAM anticyclone center, and NAM‐induced strong descent. A hypothesis is proposed to explain this correspondence, based on limited soundings at the GC entrance (suggesting this local mechanism may also be active in that region), the climatologies, and the relevant literature. The warmest SSTs moving up the coast may initiate NAM convection and atmospheric heating, advancing the position of the anticyclone and the region of descent northward.
Aerobic capacity of Peruvian Quechua: A test of the developmental adaptation hypothesis
Authors: Kiyamu Melisa , Rivera‐Chira María , Brutsaert Tom D. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTHigh altitude natives are reported to have outstanding work capacity in spite of the challenge of oxygen transport and delivery in hypoxia. To evaluate the developmental effect of lifelong exposure to hypoxia on aerobic capacity, VO2peak was measured on two groups of Peruvian Quechua subjects (18–35 years), who differed in their developmental exposure to altitude. Male and female volunteers were recruited in Lima, Peru (150 m), and were divided in two groups, based on their developmental exposure to hypoxia, those: a) Born at sea‐level individuals (BSL), with no developmental exposure to hypoxia (n = 34) and b) Born at high‐altitude individuals (BHA) with full developmental exposure to hypoxia (n = 32), but who migrated to sea‐level as adults (>16‐years‐old). Tests were conducted both in normoxia (BP = 750 mm Hg) and normobaric hypoxia at sea‐level (BP = 750 mm Hg, FiO2 = 0.12, equivalent to 4,449 m), after a 2‐month training period (in order to control for initial differences in physical fitness) at sea‐level. BHA had a significantly higher VO2peak at hypoxia (40.31 ± 1.0 ml/min/kg) as compared to BSL (35.78 ± 0.96 ml/min/kg, P = 0.001), adjusting for sex. The decrease of VO2peak at HA relative to SL (ΔVO2peak) was not different between groups, controlling for baseline levels (VO2peak at sea‐level) and sex (BHA = 0.35 ± 0.04 l/min, BSL = 0.44 ± 0.04 l/min; P = 0.12). Forced vital capacity (controlling for height) and the residuals of VO2peak (controlling for weight) had a significant association in the BHA group only (r = 0.155; P = 0.031). In sum, results indicate that developmental exposure to altitude constitutes an important factor to determine superior exercise performance. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:363–373, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavior ofIn SituHuman Native Adipose TissueCD34+ Stromal/Progenitor Cells During Different Stages of Repair. Tissue‐ResidentCD34+ Stromal Cells as a Source of Myofibroblasts
Authors: Díaz‐Flores Lucio , Gutiérrez Ricardo , Lizartza Koldo , Goméz Miriam González , García M. Del Pino , Sáez Francisco J. , Díaz‐Flores Lucio , Madrid Juan F. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCD34+ adipose stromal cells are scattered in the adipose tissue and found in the CD34+ population of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). This fraction includes adipose‐derived stromal/stem/progenitor cells (ASCs), which have attracted considerable attention and show great promise for the future of regenerative medicine. Studies in this field have been undertaken mainlyin vitro. In this work, however, we assessed the characteristics of human adipose tissue‐resident CD34+ stromal cells in normal conditions and when activatedin vivoduring inflammatory/repair processes at different stages of evolution. In normal adipose tissue, these cells showed a characteristic location (peri/paravascular and between adipocytes), a fusiform or stellate morphology, long and moniliform processes, and scarce organelles. During inflammatory/repair stages, native CD34+ stromal cells increased in size, proliferated, developed numerous organelles of synthesis, lost CD34 expression, and differentiated into myofibroblasts (αSMA expression and typical ultrastructure). In double‐stained sections, cells expressing both CD34 and αSMA were observed. CD34 expression correlated positively with a high proliferative capacity (Ki‐67 expression). Conversely, CD34 expression was lost with successive mitoses and with increased numbers of macrophages in the granulation tissue. CD34+ stromal cell behavior varied depending on proximity to (with myofibroblast differentiation) or remoteness from (with activated plump cells conserving CD34 expression) injury. In conclusion, our observations point to human adipose tissue‐resident CD34+ stromal cells as an important source of myofibroblasts during inflammatory/repair processes. Moreover, stromal cell activation may occur with or without αSMA expression (with or without myofibroblast transformation) and with loss or persistence of CD34 expression, respectively. Anat Rec, 298:917–930, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photopatterning of hydrogel scaffolds coupled to filter materials using stereolithography for perfused 3D culture of hepatocytes
Authors: Neiman Jaclyn A. Shepard , Raman Ritu , Chan Vincent , Rhoads Mary G. , Raredon Micha Sam B. , Velazquez Jeremy J. , Dyer Rachel L. , Bashir Rashid , Hammond Paula T. , Griffith Linda G. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn vitro models that recapitulate the liver's structural and functional complexity could prolong hepatocellular viability and function to improve platforms for drug toxicity studies and understanding liver pathophysiology. Here, stereolithography (SLA) was employed to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds with open channels designed for post‐seeding and perfused culture of primary hepatocytes that form 3D structures in a bioreactor. Photopolymerizable polyethylene glycol‐based hydrogels were fabricated coupled to chemically activated, commercially available filters (polycarbonate and polyvinylidene fluoride) using a chemistry that permitted cell viability, and was robust enough to withstand perfused culture of up to 1 µL/s for at least 7 days. SLA energy dose, photoinitiator concentrations, and pretreatment conditions were screened to determine conditions that maximized cell viability and hydrogel bonding to the filter. Multiple open channel geometries were readily achieved, and included ellipses and rectangles. Rectangular open channels employed for subsequent studies had final dimensions on the order of 350 µm by 850 µm. Cell seeding densities and flow rates that promoted cell viability were determined. Perfused culture of primary hepatocytes in hydrogel scaffolds in the presence of soluble epidermal growth factor (EGF) prolonged the maintenance of albumin production throughout the 7‐day culture relative to 2D controls. This technique of bonding hydrogel scaffolds can be employed to fabricate soft scaffolds for a number of bioreactor configurations and applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 777–787. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic Buffers
Authors: Alibrandi Giuseppe , Fabbrizzi Luigi , Licchelli Maurizio , Puglisi Antonio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes a new type of molecular device that is able to act as an inverse proton sponge to slowly decrease the pH inside a reaction vessel. This makes the automatic monitoring of the concentration of pH‐sensitive systems possible. The device is a composite formed of an alkyl chloride, which kinetically produces acidity, and a buffer that thermodynamically modulates the variation in pH value. Profiles of pH versus time (pH–t plots) have been generated under various experimental conditions by computer simulation, and the device has been tested by carrying out automatic spectrophotometric titrations, without using an autoburette. To underline the wide variety of possible applications, this new system has been used to realize and monitor HCl uptake by a di‐copper(II) bistren complex in a single run, in a completely automatic experiment.
Cyanogel‐Derived Formation of 3 D Nanoporous SnO2–MxOy (M=Ni, Fe, Co) Hybrid Networks for High‐Performance Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhu Qingyun , Wu Ping , Zhang Jinjing , Zhang Weiyu , Zhou Yiming , Tang Yawen , Lu Tianhong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3 D) nanoporous SnO2–MxOy (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, etc.) hybrid networks possess unique compositional and structural features that are beneficial to lithium storage and are thus anticipated to meet the performance requirements of advanced lithium‐ion batteries for transportation and stationary energy storage. Herein, a facile, scalable, and versatile cyanogel‐derived method for the construction of 3 D nanoporous SnO2–MxOy hybrid networks was developed for the first time. The formation of 3 D nanoporous SnO2–NiO, SnO2–α‐Fe2O3, and SnO2–NiO–Co3O4 hybrid networks was illustrated by using Sn–M cyanogels as precursors. Moreover, the anodic performance of the 3 D nanoporous SnO2–NiO hybrid network was examined to demonstrate proof of concept. After coating with polypyrrole‐derived carbon, the SnO2–NiO@C hybrid network exhibited superior lithium‐storage capabilities in terms of specific capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability.
Estimating Lifetime Costs of Social Care: A Bayesian Approach Using Linked Administrative Datasets from Three Geographical Areas
Authors: Steventon Adam , Roberts Adam 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe estimated lifetime costs of publicly funded social care, covering services such as residential and nursing care homes, domiciliary care and meals. Like previous studies, we constructed microsimulation models. However, our transition probabilities were estimated from longitudinal, linked administrative health and social care datasets, rather than from survey data. Administrative data were obtained from three geographical areas of England, and we estimated transition probabilities in each of these sites flexibly using Bayesian methods. This allowed us to quantify regional variation as well as the impact of structural and parameter uncertainty regarding the transition probabilities. Expected lifetime costs at age 65 were £20,200–27,000 for men and £38,700–49,000 for women, depending on which of the three areas was used to calibrate the model. Thus, patterns of social care spending differed markedly between areas, with mean costs varying by almost £10,000 (25%) across the lifetime for people of the same age and gender. Allowing for structural and parameter uncertainty had little impact on expected lifetime costs, but slightly increased the risk of very high costs, which will have implications for insurance products for social care through increasing requirements for capital reserves. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How well do clinicians and patients agree on depression treatment outcomes? Implications for personalized medicine
Authors: Dunlop Boadie W. , McCabe Bhrett , Eudicone James M. , Sheehan John J. , Baker Ross A. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveIn order to inform outcomes assessments in personalized medicine research, we evaluated the level of agreement between self‐reported (SR) and clinician‐rated (CR) measures of depression severity before and after treatment with an antidepressant medication.MethodsWe pooled data from three trials (totaling 2075 patients) assessing the efficacy of antidepressant monotherapy in major depressive disorder. Differences between CR (17‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM‐D17]) and SR (30‐item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self‐Rated) scale scores were used to determine concordance between CR–SR ratings. The effect of anxiety (HAM‐D17 anxiety‐somatization subscale score ≥7) on SR–CR agreement was also assessed.ResultsThe CR–SR scale agreement was good for response (κ = 0.64) and moderate for remission (κ = 0.57). Patients who rated their depression as less severe than the clinician were significantly more likely to respond to treatment than over‐reporters (odds ratio = 1.62; 95% confidence interval: 1.17–2.25). Although anxiety did not impact the level of agreement, among patients with SR–CR discordance, high anxiety was associated with over‐reporting of depression severity.ConclusionThe levels of disagreement for response and remission were too high for CR and SR scales to be considered interchangeable for research on patient‐level outcomes. Anxiety does not meaningfully impact SR–CR agreement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneous change patterns of water level for inland lakes in High Mountain Asia derived from multi‐mission satellite altimetry
Authors: Song Chunqiao , Huang Bo , Ke Linghong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHigh‐altitude inland lakes in High Mountain Asia (HMA) are key indicators to climate change and variability as a result of mostly closed watersheds and minimal disturbance by human activities. However, examination of the spatial and temporal pattern of lake changes, especially for water‐level variations, is usually limited by poor accessibility of most lakes. Recently, satellite altimeters have demonstrated their potential to monitor water level changes of terrestrial water bodies including lakes and rivers. By combining multiple satellite altimetry data provided by the Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS) and Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument on the NASA Ice, Cloud and land Elevation satellite (ICESat), this study examined water level changes of typical lakes in HMA at a longer timescale (in the 1990s and 2000s) compared with earlier studies on Tibetan lakes. Cross‐evaluation of the radar altimetry data from LEGOS and laser altimetry data from ICESat/GLAS shows that they were in good agreement in depicting inter‐annual, seasonal and abrupt changes of lake level. The long‐term altimetry measurements reveal that water‐level changes of the 18 lakes showed remarkable spatial and temporal patterns that were characterized by different trends, onsets of rapid rises and magnitudes of inter‐annual variations for different lakes. During the study period, lakes in the central and northern HMA (15 lakes) showed a general growth tendency, while lakes in South Tibet (three lakes) showed significant shrinking tendency. Lakes in Central Tibet experienced rapid and stable water‐level rises around mid‐1990s followed by slowing growth rates after 2006. In contrast, the water‐level rises of lakes in the northern and north‐eastern Tibetan Plateau were characterized by abrupt increases in specific years rather than gradual growth. Meteorological data based on station observations indicate that the annual changes of water level showed strongly correlated with precipitation and evaporation but may not evidently related to the glacier melting induced by global warming. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.