bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of the One‐Step Synthesis of Hollow‐Structured Li3VO4 as an Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Yi , Gao Jie , Abruña Héctor D. , Li Hui‐Jun , Liu Hua‐Kun , Wexler David , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Wu Yuping 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn recent years, the controlled synthesis of inorganic micro‐ and nanostructures with hollow interiors has attracted considerable attention because of their widespread potential applications. A feasible method for synthesizing Li3VO4 by a template‐free, solution synthesis of single‐crystalline microboxes with well‐defined non‐spherical morphologies has been reported. This study provides the useful information to produce other hollow structure materials to the broad audience of readers. The formation of hollow structure and the influence of raw materials have been presented. The thus‐synthesized Li3VO4 exhibited significantly improved conductivity, rate capability, and cycling life compared to commercial graphite, synthesized Li4Ti5O12, and previously reported Li3VO4.
Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides Using Palladium Nanoparticles Dispersed on Siliceous Mesocellular Foam
Authors: Tinnis Fredrik , Verho Oscar , Gustafson Karl P. J. , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Bäckvall Jan‐E. , Adolfsson Hans 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA highly dispersed nanopalladium catalyst supported on mesocellular foam (MCF), was successfully used in the heterogeneous catalysis of aminocarbonylation reactions. During the preliminary evaluation of this catalyst it was discovered that the supported palladium nanoparticles exhibited a “release and catch” effect, meaning that a minor amount of the heterogeneous palladium became soluble and catalyzed the reaction, after which it re‐deposited onto the support.
Hypoiodite‐Mediated Cyclopropanation of Alkenes
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Koski Steven R. , Kastern Brent J. , Fuchs Jonathan M. , Jones T. Nicholas , Yusubova Roza Y. , Nemykin Victor N. , Zhdankin Viktor V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn efficient, transition metal‐free procedure for the cyclopropanation of alkenes using malononitrile and the LiI‐tBuOCl combination under mild reaction conditions is described. The reaction mechanism most likely involves tBuOI generated in situ from LiI and tBuOCl. The utility of this new methodology has been demonstrated by the synthesis of a potential HIV‐1 RT inhibitor.
Study of the shade tabs of the toothguide 3D master through cluster analysis
Authors: Gómez‐Polo Cristina , Gómez‐Polo Miguel , Vázquez De Parga Juan Antonio Martínez , Celemín‐Viñuela Alicia 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo find out whether the 26 shade tabs of the Toothguide 3D Master can be grouped according to the five groups of lightness proposed by the manufacturer (Vita‐Zahnfabrik) the three color coordinates L*, C*, and h were studied. Upper central incisor color was measured through the Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer using 1361 participants aged between 16 and 89. The color of the middle third was registered in the Toothguide 3D Master nomenclature and in the CIELCh‐system. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster analysis, were applied for data processing. The statistical analysis reveals the existence of five cluster groups. Cluster 1 comprises samples 1M1 ‐ 2L1.5 ‐ 2M1 ‐ 2R1.5 ‐ 3L1.5 ‐ 3M1. Cluster 2 comprises 1M2 ‐ 2L2.5 ‐ 2M2 ‐ 2M3 ‐ 2R2.5 −3M2 ‐ 3L2.5. Cluster 3 comprises 3R1.5 ‐ 4L1.5 ‐ 4L2.5 ‐ 4M1 ‐ 4M2 ‐ 4R1.5 ‐ 5M1. Cluster 4 comprises 3M3 ‐ 3R2.5 ‐ 4M3 ‐ 4R2.5. And, finally, Cluster 5 comprises: 5M2 ‐ 5M3. The 26 shade tabs in the Toothguide 3D Master can be grouped into five clusters following coordinates L*, C*, and h resulting from the dental spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade compact. The shade tabs that compose each cluster do not belong to the same lightness group. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 194–200, 2015
Phosphate Monoester Hydrolysis by Trinuclear Alkaline Phosphatase; DFT Study of Transition States and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Chen Shi‐Lu , Liao Rong‐Zhen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlkaline phosphatase (AP) is a trinuclear metalloenzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a broad range of phosphate monoesters to form inorganic phosphate and alcohol (or phenol). In this paper, by using density functional theory with a model based on a crystal structure, the AP‐catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters is investigated by calculating two substrates, that is, methyl and p‐nitrophenyl phosphates, which represent alkyl and aryl phosphates, respectively. The calculations confirm that the AP reaction employs a “ping‐pong” mechanism involving two chemical displacement steps, that is, the displacement of the substrate leaving group by a Ser102 alkoxide and the hydrolysis of the phosphoseryl intermediate by a Zn2‐bound hydroxide. Both displacement steps proceed via a concerted associative pathway no matter which substrate is used. Other mechanistic aspects are also studied. Comparison of our calculations with linear free energy relationships experiments shows good agreement.
Indium phosphide nanofibers prepared by electrospinning method: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Evcin Atilla , Bezir Nalan Çiçek , Kayalı Refik , Arı Mehmet , Kepekçi Deniz Belkıs 
Published: March 2014

Nine sets of (3 × 3) InP nanofiber samples have been successfully prepared at three different voltages (20, 25, 30 kV) and at three separate heights (5, 7, 10 cm) by electrospinning with a constant precursor flow rate of 0.3 mLh−1. The crystalline structure, thermal, morphologies and nanostructure, electrical, and optical properties of the samples are characterized by X‐ray powder diffractometer (XRD) and thermal gravity‐differential scanning calorimeter (TG‐DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), by Four‐Point Probe Technique (FPPT,) and ultraviolet/visible spectrometry (UV/VIS), respectively. From these measurements, we have found the formation of stoichiometric nanostructured InP with zinc‐blende structure and having lattice parameter of a = 5.874 Å, weight loss of 64.59% and crystallization temperature of 500°C, average fiber diameter of 65.82 nm, the activation energies, Ea, of the samples, and band gap energy, Eg, of the nanofibers developed at constant applied voltage 30 kV. The band gap energies determined at different distances 5, 7, and 10 cm are found to be as 1.29, 1.37, and 1.30 eV, respectively.
Secondary diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia in patients with established type 1 diabetes mellitus in China: a multicentre registration study
Authors: Li Jin , Yang Daizhi , Yan Jinhua , Huang Bin , Zhang Yan , Weng Jianping ,   For the Guangdong Type 1 Diabetes Translational Study Group
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hypoglycaemia are common acute complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, these complications in Chinese patients with established T1DM.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited patients with established T1DM from 16 centres in Guangdong Province, China. Incidence rates were expressed as episodes/100 patient–years. Regression models identified risk factors for the occurrence and recurrence of secondary DKA and severe hypoglycaemia.ResultsA total of 611 patients with established T1DM (53.7% women) were recruited. The incidence of secondary DKA and severe hypoglycaemia was 26.4 (22.4, 31.0) and 68.8 (62.2, 76.0)/100 patient–years, respectively. Significant risk factors for secondary DKA were female gender [relative risk (RR) = 2.12], medical reimbursement rate <50% (RR = 1.84), uncontrolled diet (RR = 1.76), smoking (RR = 2.18) and poor glycaemic control [glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)/1.0% increase; RR = 1.15]. Overweight/obesity was a protective factor (RR = 0.57). Significant risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia included male gender (RR = 1.71), medical reimbursement rate < 50% (RR = 1.36), longer duration of T1DM (per 5‐year increase, RR = 1.22), underweight (RR = 1.44), uncontrolled diet (‘never controlled’ or ‘sometimes controlled’ vs. ‘usually controlled’, RR = 2.09 or 2.02, respectively), exercise <150 min/week (RR = 1.66), presence of neuropathy (RR = 1.89), smoking (RR = 1.48) and lower HbA1c values (per 1.0% decrease, RR = 1.46). Overweight/obesity was a protective factor (RR = 0.62). Additionally, 34.4% of secondary DKA and 81.1% of severe hypoglycaemia episodes occurred in 3.8% and 16.2% patients with recurrent events (≥two episodes), respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicate that secondary DKA and severe hypoglycaemia occur at high rates in Chinese patients with established T1DM and that recurrence is likely to occur in high‐risk patients. Comprehensive management of T1DM should include recommendations to control modifiable risk factors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usefulness of optical coherence tomography to detect central serous chorioretinopathy in monkeys
Authors: Park Hyun‐Kyu , Jo Woori , Choi Hyun‐Ji , Kim Bongcheol , Lee Gilnam , Seo Jeongbeob , Cho Suk Young , Kim Choung‐Soo , Choi Eun Kyung , Hwang Jung Jin , Lee Joo Yong , Yoon Young Hee , Son Woo‐Chan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTMany systemic drugs can induce ocular toxicity and several ocular side‐effects have been identified in clinical studies. However, it is difficult to detect ocular toxicity in preclinical studies because of the lack of appropriate evaluation methods. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is useful because it can provide real‐time images throughout a study period, whereas histopathology only provides images of sacrificed animals. Using OCT alongside histopathology, attempts were made to find effective approaches for screening of drug‐induced ocular toxicity in monkeys. Such approaches could be used in preclinical studies prior to human trials. Six male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis Raffles) were orally administered one of six candidate MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors. Central serous chorioretinopathy, a known side‐effect of such inhibitors, was identified in four monkeys by OCT. Artifacts generated during tissue processing meant that histopathology could not detect edematous changes. Thus, OCT is a useful tool to detect ocular toxicity which cannot be detected by histopathology in preclinical studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nano/microfibrous polymeric constructs loaded with bioactive agents and designed for tissue engineering applications: A review
Authors: Puppi Dario , Zhang Xuanmiao , Yang Likai , Chiellini Federica , Sun Xun , Chiellini Emo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNano/microfibrous polymeric constructs present various inherent advantages, such as highly porous architecture and high surface to volume ratio, making them attractive for tissue engineering purposes. Electrospinning is the most preferred technique for the fabrication of polymeric nanofibrous assemblies that can mimic the physical functions of native extracellular matrix greatly favoring cells attachment and thus influencing their morphology and activities. Different approaches have been developed to apply polymeric microfiber fabrication techniques (e.g. wet‐spinning) for the obtainment of scaffolds with a three‐dimensional network of micropores suitable for effective cells migration. Progress in additive manufacturing technology has led to the development of complex scaffold's shapes and microfibrous structures with a high degree of automation, good accuracy and reproducibility. Various loading methods, such as direct blending, coaxial electrospinning and microparticles incorporation, are enabling to develop customized strategies for the biofunctionalization of nano/microfibrous scaffolds with a tailored kinetics of release of different bioactive agents, ranging from small molecules, such as antibiotics, to protein drugs, such as growth factors, and even cells. Recent activities on the combination of different processing techniques and loading methods for the obtainment of biofunctionalized polymeric constructs with a complex multiscale structure open new possibilities for the development of biomimetic scaffolds endowed with a hierarchical architecture and a sophisticated release kinetics of different bioactive agents. This review is aimed at summarizing current advances in technologies and methods for manufacturing nano/microfibrous polymeric constructs suitable as tissue engineering scaffolds, and for their combination with different bioactive agents to promote tissue regeneration and therapeutic effects. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1562–1579, 2014.
Biomineralization regulation by nano‐sized features in silk fibroin proteins: Synthesis of water‐dispersible nano‐hydroxyapatite
Authors: Huang Xiaowei , Liu Xi , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Aili , Lu Qiang , Kaplan David L. , Zhu Hesun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the present study, silk fibroin (SF) was used as a template to prepare nano‐hydroxyapatite (nano‐HA) via a biomineralization process. We observed that the content of SF affected both the morphology and water dispersibility of nano‐HA particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), zetasizer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to examine nano‐HA particle features including the surface morphology, aggregation performance, and crystallization. Rod‐like nano‐HA particles with desired water dispersibility were achieved when the ratio of SF/HA (calculated) was above 7:3. SEM, TEM, and zeta potential results revealed that nano‐HA particles were enclosed by the SF which formed a negative charge layer preventing the aggregation of HA nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Moreover, the nano‐HA particles were able to re‐disperse in water without precipitation for two weeks at room temperature, 60°C, and 90°C. Our work suggested a facile and effective approach of designing water‐dispersible nano‐HA particles which may have wide potential application in tissue engineering especially bone regeneration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1720–1729, 2014.
Bone Metabolism After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Yu Elaine W 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT Bariatric surgery is a popular and effective treatment for severe obesity but may have negative effects on the skeleton. This review summarizes changes in bone density and bone metabolism from animal and clinical studies of bariatric surgery, with specific attention to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), adjustable gastric banding (AGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Skeletal imaging artifacts from obesity and weight loss are also considered. Despite challenges in bone density imaging, the preponderance of evidence suggests that bariatric surgery procedures have negative skeletal effects that persist beyond the first year of surgery, and that these effects vary by surgical type. The long-term clinical implications and current clinical recommendations are presented. Further study is required to determine mechanisms of bone loss after bariatric surgery. Although early studies focused on calcium/vitamin D metabolism and mechanical unloading of the skeleton, it seems likely that surgically induced changes in the hormonal and metabolic profile may be responsible for the skeletal phenotypes observed after bariatric surgery. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Identification of Novel Transcription Factors in Osteoclast Differentiation Using Genome-wide Analysis of Open Chromatin Determined by DNase-seq
Authors: Inoue Kazuki , Imai Yuuki 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Clarification of the mechanisms underlying osteoclast differentiation enables us to understand the physiology of bone metabolism as well as the pathophysiology of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Recently, it has been reported that epigenetics can determine cell fate and regulate cell type–specific gene expression. However, little is known about epigenetics during osteoclastogenesis. To reveal a part of epigenetics, especially focused on chromatin dynamics, during early osteoclastogenesis and to identify novel transcription factors involved in osteoclastogenesis, we performed a genome-wide analysis of open chromatin during receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis using DNase I hypersensitive sites sequencing (DNase-seq). DNase-seq was performed using the extracted nuclei from RAW264 cells treated with or without RANKL for 24 hours, followed by several bioinformatic analyses. DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) were dynamically changed during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and they accumulated in promoter regions. The distributions of DHSs among cis-regulatory DNA regions were identical regardless of RANKL stimulation. Motif discovery analysis successfully identified well-known osteoclastogenic transcription factors including Jun, CREB1, FOS, ATF2, and ATF4, but also novel transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis such as Zscan10, Atf1, Nrf1, and Srebf2. siRNA knockdown of these identified novel transcription factors impaired osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, DNase-seq is a useful tool for comprehension of epigenetics, especially chromatin dynamics during osteoclastogenesis and for identification of novel transcription factors involved in osteoclastogenesis. This study may reveal underlying mechanisms that determine cell type–specific differentiation of bone cells and may lead to investigation of novel therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Reductions in Heel Bone Quality Across Gestation Are Attenuated in Pregnant Adolescents With Higher Prepregnancy Weight and Greater Increases in PTH Across Gestation
Authors: Whisner Corrie M , Young Bridget E , Witter Frank R , Harris Zena Leah , Queenan Ruth A , Cooper Elizabeth M , O'Brien Kimberly O 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Few studies have examined the effect of maternal calcium intake and vitamin D status on bone health across gestation in pregnant adolescents. This study aimed to characterize maternal bone quality and determinants of bone-quality change across gestation in pregnant adolescents. Healthy pregnant adolescents (n = 156; aged 13 to 18 years) with singleton pregnancies and at 12 to 30 weeks gestation at enrollment were recruited from two urban maternity clinics in Baltimore, MD, and Rochester, NY, for this prospective longitudinal study. Maternal serum was collected at midgestation and at delivery for assessment of bone biomarkers and calcitropic hormones. Maternal bone quality (assessed by heel ultrasound) and sonographic fetal biometry were measured up to three times across pregnancy. Racially diverse teens (64.7% African American, 35.3% white) were followed from 21.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 17.3, 27.0) weeks of gestation until delivery at 40.0 (IQR 39.0, 40.7) weeks. Significant decreases in calcaneal speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) (–9.2 ± 16.1 m/s, –3.2 (–8.0, 2.1) dB/MHz and –5.3 ± 8.8, respectively) were evident across pregnancy. Multivariate analysis controlling for baseline measures and measurement intervals was used to identify independent predictors of normalized (per week) calcaneal bone loss. Weekly decreases in bone quality were not significantly associated with maternal calcium intake or 25(OH)D concentration. Greater weekly reductions in calcaneal bone quality were evident in teens with lower prepregnancy weight (BUA, p = 0.006 and QUI, p = 0.012) and among those with lower weekly increase in PTH (SOS, p = 0.046). Overall, significant decreases in calcaneal bone quality occurred across pregnancy in adolescents, but the magnitude of this loss was attenuated in those with greater prepregnancy weight and weekly increases in PTH. Further studies are needed to understand the role of elevated PTH and greater prepregnancy weight in preserving adolescent bone during pregnancy. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comparison of magnetic resonance feature tracking for systolic and diastolic strain and strain rate calculation with spatial modulation of magnetization imaging analysis
Authors: Moody William E. , Taylor Robin J. , Edwards Nicola C. , Chue Colin D. , Umar Fraz , Taylor Tiffany J. , Ferro Charles J. , Young Alistair A. , Townend Jonathan N. , Leyva F. , Steeds Richard P. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo compare cardiovascular magnetic resonance‐feature tracking (CMR‐FT) with spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) tagged imaging for the calculation of short and long axis Lagrangian strain measures in systole and diastole.Materials and MethodsHealthy controls (n = 35) and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 10) were identified prospectively and underwent steady‐state free precession (SSFP) cine imaging and SPAMM imaging using a gradient‐echo sequence. A timed offline analysis of images acquired at identical horizontal long and short axis slice positions was performed using CMR‐FT and dynamic tissue‐tagging (CIMTag2D). Agreement between strain and strain rate (SR) values calculated using these two different methods was assessed using the Bland–Altman technique.ResultsAcross all participants, there was good agreement between CMR‐FT and CIMTag for calculation of peak systolic global circumferential strain (−22.7 ± 6.2% vs. −22.5 ± 6.9%, bias 0.2 ± 4.0%) and SR (−1.35 ± 0.42 1/s vs. −1.22 ± 0.42 1/s, bias 0.13 ± 0.33 1/s) and early diastolic global circumferential SR (1.21 ± 0.44 1/s vs. 1.07 ± 0.30 1/s, bias −0.14 ± 0.34 1/s) at the subendocardium. There was satisfactory agreement for derivation of peak systolic global longitudinal strain (−18.1 ± 5.0% vs. −16.7 ± 4.8%, bias 1.3 ± 3.8%) and SR (−1.04 ± 0.29 1/s vs. −0.95 ± 0.32 1/s, bias 0.09 ± 0.26 1/s). The weakest agreement was for early diastolic global longitudinal SR (1.10 ± 0.40 1/s vs. 0.67 ± 0.32 1/s, bias −0.42 ± 0.40 1/s), although the correlation remained significant (r = 0.42, P < 0.01). CMR‐FT generated these data over four times quicker than CIMTag.ConclusionThere is sufficient agreement between systolic and diastolic strain measures calculated using CMR‐FT and myocardial tagging for CMR‐FT to be considered as a potentially feasible and rapid alternative. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1000–1012. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioreducible Polycations in Nucleic Acid Delivery: Past, Present, and Future Trends
Authors: Oupický David , Li Jing 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPolycations that are degradable by reduction of disulfide bonds are developed for applications in delivery of nucleic acids. This Feature Article surveys methods of synthesis of bioreducible polycations and discusses current understanding of the mechanism of action of bioreducible polyplexes. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between the biological redox environment and toxicity, trafficking, transfection activity, and in vivo behavior of bioreducible polycations and polyplexes.