bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical corrosion testing and characterization of potential assisted passive layer on HVOF Inconel 625 coating
Authors: Niaz Akbar , Bakare Mayowa Sunday 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHigh velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying process is commonly used to produce superalloy coatings. The coating of engineering components is required to increase the service life and to obtain a combination of properties that are not possible from wrought alloys. The major shortcoming of the HVOF spraying process is that it produces heterogeneities in the coating microstructure. These heterogeneities may cause initiation and progression of the corrosion, causing the malfunction of engineering components. In this study, corrosion testing of the HVOF-sprayed Inconel 625 coating was carried out by direct current polarization and alternating current impedance spectroscopy to see how microstructural heterogeneities contribute in changing electrochemical response. Furthermore, the air-formed and potentiostatically grown passive oxide layers were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study oxide growth as a function of applied potential. The bulk Inconel 625 was used as a reference alloy to compare the experimental results of HVOF coating. It is established from our results that the oxide layer formed on bulk alloy is uniform as compared with the one formed at HVOF-sprayed coating samples. The passive current density for the bulk alloy sample was 3.61±0.51 and 34.26± 8.34 μA cm-2 for the coated sample. The charge transfer resistance for bulk sample was 1.80×104 and 1.70×103 Ω cm-2 for the coated sample after passivation. The analysis of the passive layer by XPS also revealed that the oxide layer on bulk alloy is more consistent and protective than coating.
Minimality via second variation for microphase separation of diblock copolymer melts
Authors: Julin Vesa , Pisante Giovanni 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe consider a non-local isoperimetric problem arising as the sharp interface limit of the Ohta–Kawasaki free energy introduced to model microphase separation of diblock copolymers. We perform a second order variational analysis that allows us to provide a quantitative second order minimality condition. We show that critical configurations with positive second variation are indeed strict local minimizers of the problem. Moreover, we provide, via a suitable quantitative inequality of isoperimetric type, an estimate of the deviation from minimality for configurations close to the minimum in theL1{L^{1}}-topology.
Optimal Beamforming and Performance Analysis of Wireless Relay Networks with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Ouyang Jian , Lin Min 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a wireless communication system employing a multi-antenna unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as the relay to improve the connectivity between the base station (BS) and the receive node (RN), where the BS–UAV link undergoes the correlated Rician fading while the UAV–RN link follows the correlated Rayleigh fading with large scale path loss. By assuming that the amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol is adopted at UAV, we first propose an optimal beamforming (BF) scheme to maximize the mutual information of the UAV-assisted dual-hop relay network, by calculating the BF weight vectors and the power allocation coefficient. Then, we derive the analytical expressions for the outage probability (OP) and the ergodic capacity (EC) of the relay network to evaluate the system performance conveniently. Finally, computer simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed scheme as well as the performance analysis.
An Adaptive Cooperative Strategy for Underlay MIMO Cognitive Radio Networks: An Opportunistic and Low-Complexity Approach
Authors: Mazoochi M. , Pourmina M. A. , Bakhshi H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe core aim of this work is the maximization of the achievable data rate of the secondary user pairs (SU pairs), while ensuring the QoS of primary users (PUs). All users are assumed to be equipped with multiple antennas. It is assumed that when PUs are present, the direct communications between SU pairs introduces intolerable interference to PUs and thereby SUs transmit signal using the cooperation of other SUs and avoid transmitting in the direct channel. In brief, an adaptive cooperative strategy for multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) cognitive radio networks is proposed. At the presence of PUs, the issue of joint relay selection and power allocation in Underlay MIMO Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (U-MIMO-CCRN) is addressed. The optimal approach for determining the power allocation and the cooperating SU is proposed. Besides, the outage probability of the proposed communication protocol is further derived. Due to high complexity of the optimal approach, a low-complexity approach is further proposed and its performance is evaluated using simulations. The simulation results reveal that the performance loss due to the low-complexity approach is only about 14%, while the complexity is greatly reduced.
Thiol switches in mitochondria: operation and physiological relevance
Authors: Riemer Jan , Schwarzländer Markus , Conrad Marcus , Herrmann Johannes M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, particularly of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. A number of dedicated enzymes regulate the conversion and consumption of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the intermembrane space and the matrix of mitochondria. Nevertheless, hydrogen peroxide can also interact with many other mitochondrial enzymes, particularly those with reactive cysteine residues, modulating their reactivity in accordance with changes in redox conditions. In this review we will describe the general redox systems in mitochondria of animals, fungi and plants and discuss potential target proteins that were proposed to contain regulatory thiol switches.
An optimal regularization method for convolution equations on the sourcewise represented set
Authors: Zhang Ye , Lukyanenko Dmitry V. , Yagola Anatoly G. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this article, we consider an inverse problem for the integral equation of the convolution type in a multidimensional case. This problem is severely ill-posed. To deal with this problem, using a priori information (sourcewise representation) based on optimal recovery theory we propose a new method. The regularization and optimization properties of this method are proved. An optimal minimal a priori error of the problem is found. Moreover, a so-called optimal regularized approximate solution and its corresponding error estimation are considered. Efficiency and applicability of this method are demonstrated in a numerical example of the image deblurring problem with noisy data.
Electrical properties of hydroxyapatite
Authors: Tofail Syed Ansar M. , Gandhi Abbasi A. , Gregor Maros , Bauer Joanna 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Despite being one of the mostly studied biomaterials for orthopedic, dental, protein purification and stem cell applications, electrical properties of hydroxyapatite has received only limited attention. Since the prediction in 2005 of the possibility of piezo and pyroelectricity in hydroxyapatite several theoretical and experimental works in this field may lead to new understandings of electrical behaviors of calcified tissues in vertebrates. Also, the ability of creating discrete electrostatic domains on nanocrystalline films of hydroxyapatite will open the possibility of understanding how surface charge influences biological interactions. The outlook for future endeavours in this field will be discussed.
Preparation and characterization emulsion of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite and its application as anticorrosive coating
Authors: Khademian Mohsen , Eisazadeh Hossein 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Emulsion nanoparticles of polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized in the aqueous media by using hydroxylpropylcellulose (HPC) as a stabilizer and ammonium persulfate as an oxidant in the presence of TiO2 with nanometer size. New poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) coating over carbon steel was prepared by addition of emulsion nanoparticles in different concentrations (1%, 2% and 1.5%) in PVAc as the major matrix. The Tafel plot records were used for the definition of potential and corrosion current (Icorr). Nanoparticles were characterized and compared by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By adding TiO2, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite increased. A small size of colloidal particles prevented the precipitation of conducting polymer particles and led to better dispersion of nanocomposites in the matrix of the PVAc binder; therefore, the paint was homogeneous and anticorrosion properties of the coating increased. According to the results, 1.5% of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite in PVAc has a much lower Icorr in NaCl aqueous solution and 2% of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite in PVAc has the best corrosion protection in HCl.
Eine Heuristik zur effizienten Bayes'schen Optimierung einer multispektralen Kamera
Authors: Taphanel Miro , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Eine multispektrale Kamera ist charakterisiert durch die spektralen
Empfindlichkeiten der einzelnen Kamerakanäle. In diesem Artikel werden
diese spektralen Empfindlichkeiten für eine messtechnische
Aufgabenstellung optimiert. Die betrachtete multispektrale Kamera wird
zur Schätzung der Wellenlänge von annähernd monochromatischem Licht
eingesetzt. Ziel der Optimierung ist eine Reduzierung der
Messunsicherheit dieser Schätzung. Dazu wird die Bayes'sche
Optimierungsmethodik angewandt und eine Heuristik zur effizienten
numerischen Lösung für eines der beinhalteten nichtlinearen Integrale
vorgestellt.
Research and development—where people are exposed to nanomaterials
Authors: Imhof Chantal , Clark Katherine , Meyer Thierry , Schmid Kaspar , Riediker Michael 
Published: January 2015

Research and development—where people are exposed to nanomaterials: Chantal IMHOF, et al. Institute for Work and Health, Universities of Lausanne and Geneva, SwitzerlandObjectiveMany nanomaterials (materials with structures smaller than 100 nm) have chemical, physical and bioactive characteristics of interest for novel applications. Considerable research efforts have been launched in this field. This study aimed to study exposure scenarios commonly encountered in research settings.MethodsWe studied one of the leading Swiss universities and first identified all research units dealing with nanomaterials. After a preliminary evaluation of quantities and process types used, a detailed analysis was conducted in units where more than a few micrograms were used per week.ResultsIn the investigated laboratories, background levels were usually low and in the range of a few thousand particles per cubic centimeter. Powder applications resulted in concentrations of 10,000 to 100,000 particles/cm3 when measured inside fume hoods, but there were no or mostly minimal increases in the breathing zone of researchers. Mostly low exposures were observed for activities involving liquid applications. However, centrifugation and lyophilization of nanoparticle‐containing solutions resulted in high particle number levels (up to 300,000 particles/cm3) in work spaces where researchers did not always wear respiratory protection. No significant increases were found for processes involving nanoparticles bound to surfaces, nor were they found in laboratories that were visualizing properties and structure of small amounts of nanomaterials.ConclusionsResearch activities in modern laboratories equipped with control techniques were associated with minimal releases of nanomaterials into the working space. However, the focus should not only be on processes involving nanopowders but should also be on processes involving nanoparticle‐containing liquids, especially if the work involves physical agitation, aerosolization or drying of the liquids.
Morphine or Ibuprofen for Post-Tonsillectomy Analgesia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Kelly Lauren E. , Sommer Doron D. , Ramakrishna Jayant , Hoffbauer Stephanie , Arbab-tafti Sadaf , Reid Diane , Maclean Jonathan , Koren Gideon 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND:
Pediatric sleep disordered breathing is often caused by hypertrophy of the tonsils and is commonly managed by tonsillectomy. There is controversy regarding which postsurgical analgesic agents are safe and efficacious.

METHODS:
This prospective randomized clinical trial recruited children who had sleep disordered breathing who were scheduled for tonsillectomy +/− adenoid removal. Parents were provided with a pulse oximeter to measure oxygen saturation and apnea events the night before and the night after surgery. Children were randomized to receive acetaminophen with either 0.2–0.5 mg/kg oral morphine or 10 mg/kg of oral ibuprofen. The Objective Pain Scale and Faces Scale were used to assess effectiveness on postoperative day 1 and day 5. The primary endpoint was changes in respiratory parameters during sleep.

RESULTS:
A total of 91 children aged 1 to 10 years were randomized. On the first postoperative night, with respect to oxygen desaturations, 86% of children did not show improvement in the morphine group, whereas 68% of ibuprofen patients did show improvement (14% vs 68%; P &lt; .01). The number of desaturation events increased substantially in the morphine group, with an average increase of 11.17 ± 15.02 desaturation events per hour (P &lt; .01). There were no differences seen in analgesic effectiveness, tonsillar bleeding, or adverse drug reactions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ibuprofen in combination with acetaminophen provides safe and effective analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Post-tonsillectomy morphine use should be limited, as it may be unsafe in certain children.
Potential Effect of Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent Labeling on Parent Fast Food Decisions
Authors: Viera Anthony J. , Antonelli Ray 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVES:
Menu labels displaying food energy in physical activity calorie equivalents (PACE) is a possible strategy to encourage ordering meals with fewer calories and promoting physical activity. Potential effects of such labeling for children have never been examined.

METHODS:
We conducted a national survey of 1000 parents randomized to 1 of 4 fast food menus: no labels, calories only, calories plus minutes, or calories plus miles needed to walk to burn the calories. Respondents were asked to imagine they were in a fast food restaurant and place an order for their child. At the survey’s conclusion, all respondents were shown a calorie-only label and both PACE labels and asked to rate the likelihood each label would influence them to encourage their child to exercise.

RESULTS:
We excluded respondents whose meals totaled 0 calories or &gt;4000 calories, leaving 823 parents in the analysis. The mean age of the child for whom the meal was “ordered” was 9.5 years. Parents whose menus displayed no label ordered an average of 1294 calories, whereas those shown calories only, calories plus minutes, or calories plus miles ordered 1066, 1060, and 1099 calories, respectively (P = .0001). Only 20% of parents reported that calories-only labeling would be “very likely” to prompt them to encourage their children to exercise versus 38% for calories plus minutes (P &lt; .0001) and 37% for calories plus miles (P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
PACE labeling may influence parents’ decisions on what fast food items to order for their children and encourage them to get their children to exercise.
The Cost of Maintaining Production in California Oil Fields
Authors: Lombardi M.E. 
Published: January 2015

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 52, 1916, pages 218–224.
The cost of maintaining the production of an operating oil company is one of the most important, as well as one of the most difficult to estimate, of the various items which go to make up the total cost of producing oil. In the opinion of many operators the cost of drilling and developing new wells, whose, production takes the place of the loss in production through decreased yield of the old wells, is considered an operating expense, for the reason that the total income-producing power of the property is not increased. The cost of these new wells may be added directly to production expense, or it may be charged to capital account, and this account depreciated to the same extent. In either case, after an oil company is on a satisfactory income-producing basis, the money for drilling new wells to maintain production must be taken from the income of the company.
Three factors determine the cost of maintaining production: First, the rate of decline in yield of the wells; second, the cost of drilling and equipping new wells in terms of their production; third, the decrease in initial production of new wells as the property is drilled and gas pressure taken off the sands, etc.
In order to check theoretical figures for the cost of maintaining production the writer, with the assistance of Reed Bush and Fred Tough, has compiled the following figures. It is necessary first of all to choose a period of time during which production for the field or territory studied remains fairly constant. The longer the period of time over which this condition prevails, the better. It is also necessary to eliminate or allow for any extraneous condition which may have affected the production returns, such as the shutting down of a large number of wells, the bringing in of a well of exceptionally large yield, the opening up of virgin territory where the flush yield is greater than will be had from new wells in after years, etc.
All these conditions are exemplified most simply in the case of the Coalinga field and perhaps these figures are more truly prophetic than the two other cases given.
T.P. 052–17
The Occurrences of Petroleum in Eastern Mexico as Contrasted with Those in Texas and Louisiana
Authors: Dumble E.T. 
Published: January 2015

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 52, 1916, pages 250–267.
The history of the several petroleum deposits of Texas and Mexico, or of the sediments in which they now occur, if the deposits are not indigenous to such sediments, is known in a general way only, but it nevertheless casts strong light on the conditions surrounding them and is of great importance in the search for and exploitation of them.
The petroleum deposits of Texas are separable into two main divisions:
The deposits of northwestern Texas, which are directly connected with the Oklahoma fields to the north, and have no representatives at all in the Mexican area.
The deposits of the coastal area, which extend into Louisiana on the east and connect with those of the Mexican coast to the south.
Early in the Pennsylvanian period a series of bituminous shales and limestones were laid down over a broad area in Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. These are known as the Bend series in Texas, the Caney shales in Oklahoma, and the Fayetteville beds in Arkansas. Following their deposition an uplift occurred, forming the Lampasas geanticlinal, which runs northeastward from the old Paleozoic land area of the Llano region toward Red River.
The Bend series is petroliferous in places and has furnished a few producing wells on each side of the Lampasas uplift. This uplift forms the barrier and dividing line between the two divisions of the Texas petroleum deposits.
To the west of it, in waters which were the southern extension of the interior continental seas, in connection with the sediments and coal beds of the Pennsylvanian and Permian, great quantities of petroleum were deposited either as oil or as "potential petroleum." These sediments have been subject to very slight disturbance, and only very gentle folds are found, with no signs of volcanic action in any part of the area. The conditions, therefore, indicate that the greater part, if not all, of the oil in this area is indigenous to the beds in which it is found.
East of the anticlinal the oldest beds which appear in contact with the Bend are the Trinity Sands of the Lower Cretaceous.
T.P. 052–20
The Mexican Oil Fields
Authors: Huntley L.G. 
Published: January 2015

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 52, 1916, pages 281–321.
The occurrence of oil or "tar" in Mexico was mentioned as early as the seventeenth century by Friar Sagahun, who gives the Indian name "chapopote," by which these asphalt seepages are still called. This asphalt was apparently used, as it has been used by primitive people in many parts of the world, in religious ceremonies and for medicinal purposes. Travelers also report that the ruins in Yucatan and the pyramids in southern Mexico show traces of the use of "chapopote" as a building cement.
DeGolyer says that the first attempt to exploit oil or gas in Mexico in a commercial way is shown by the records of the Memoria de Fomento of 1865, when permission was granted to a Senor Ildefonso Lopez to exploit the deposits of petroliferous substances in the San Jose de las Rusias area in the State of Tamaulipas. Other concessions follow, and probably refer to surface seepages which occur in that district. This was several years after the discovery of oil in Pennsylvania. In 1868, a well 125 ft. deep was drilled by a company organized in Mexico City, in what is now known as the, Furbero district, and a little oil was refined there.
In 1873, residents of Tampico denounced seepages along the Tamesi River, and asphalt was mined near Tempoal in the Canton of Tantoyuca. No drilling was attempted. But between 1880 and 1883 several shallow wells were drilled for oil in Mexico, two of them being near the present Potrero de Llano field west of Tuxpam. The wells were drilled by a Boston company with Canadian rigs, and are said to have reached a depth of about 400 ft., while one is reported to have flowed. Several other abortive attempts were made to drill for oil between 1885 and the beginning of the present century, about which time the Mexican Petroleum & Liquid Fuel Co., Ltd., in which Cecil Rhodes was interested drilled 24 wells unsuccessfully, several of them as deep as 1,500 ft., in the State of Vera Cruz Also Messrs.
T.P. 052–22