bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the potential of rice bran oil body as fat replacement in cookies: single and double crosslinked binary emulsion‐filled gels based on lutein‐loaded rice bran oil body emulsion
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Chen Wei , Lv Wenwen , Alouk Ikram , Yuan Yingmao , Wang Yanbo , Xu Duoxia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice bran oil body is rich in nutritional value, which is a byproduct of rice processing. The aim of this study is to develop a novel emulsion‐filled gel with lutein‐loaded rice bran oil body and investigate its functionality as a fat replacer in cookies. The effects of incorporating structured oil body in the form of emulsion‐filled gel instead of butter in cookies with a ratio of 0, 10, 20 and 50 wt% formulation were determined by measuring appearance, texture, thermodynamic properties, moisture distribution and microstructure.RESULTSThe results demonstrated the relationship between geometry, moisture and structure. The 20 wt% emulsion‐filled gel substitution ratio yielded mobility and distribution abilities of melted fat and sugar in the cookies that were closest to those of butter. The addition of emulsion‐filled gel increased the L* value and decreased the a* value, while the b* value of the cookie increased due to the advanced delivery of lutein by oil body. By controlling the addition ratio, the texture of the cookies can be adjusted. Starch granules were separated due to colloidal particles, reducing saturated fat content and decreasing cookie gelatinization enthalpy. The fat coating on starch particles enhanced the binding capacity of free water, improving air entrapment and forming a constrained gluten network structure.CONCLUSIONThese findings provide a theoretical basis for rice bran oil body as a novel substitute for butter in the development of healthy, high‐quality cookies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ten‐year minimal follow‐up of lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy for lateral femorotibial osteoarthritis: Good survivorship and high patient satisfaction
Authors: Cance Nicolas , Batailler Cécile , Lording Timothy , Schmidt Axel , Lustig Sébastien , Servien Elvire 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed (1) to determine complications and survival rates of lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOW‐DFO) in the long term, (2) to assess their clinical outcomes in the long term and (3) to identify risk factors of failure.MethodsBetween 1991 and 2011, 62 LOW‐DFOs were performed in the same department. Inclusion criteria were all isolated LOW‐DFO performed for isolated lateral tibiofemoral osteoarthritis and valgus malalignment, with a minimum 10‐year follow‐up. Thirty‐eight patients were included, with a mean age of 48 ± 9 years. All patients had clinical and radiological assessments. The survival curves were calculated based on the following endpoints: unicompartmental or total knee arthroplasty.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 15.2 ± 4.4 [10–29] years. The mean preoperative mechanical FemoroTibial Axis (mFTA) was 188.8° ± 3.2° [184°–197°], primarily due to femur deformity (mean lateral distal femoral axis [LDFA] 83.2° ± 2.8°). Bone union was achieved in 89.5% of patients (n = 34) at a mean delay of 6.5 ± 6.7 months. The complication rate was 26% (five stiffness, one nonunion, three secondary displacements and one deep vein thrombosis). Nine revision surgeries (24%) were recorded. Survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 92.1% and 78.9%, respectively. The mean delay between DFO and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was 11.6 ± 5.7 [1–27] years. Nineteen patients (50%) were free of TKA at the last follow‐up. KSS scores were improved significantly. Return to sports was obtained in 92% of cases (n = 35), with a mean delay of 11 ± 8 months. Seventy‐four per cent of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the surgery. Eighty‐four per cent would be willing to undergo the surgery again. Older age (p = 0.032) was a significant risk factor for TKA conversion.ConclusionLOW‐DFO is an efficient procedure to manage lateral knee osteoarthritis in young patients with valgus deformity, with a good survival rate at 10 years and high patient satisfaction.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Medial orientation of the trochlear groove is a strong indicator of high‐grade trochlear dysplasia
Authors: Mazy David , Angelelli Lucia , Cance Nicolas , Giovannetti de Sanctis Edoardo , Dejour David H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThe objective is to evaluate the orientation of the trochlear groove in patients with objective patellar instability (OPI) compared to a control group. The hypothesis is that the trochlear groove angle (TGA) is correlated with the severity of the trochlear dysplasia.MethodsFrom 2019 to 2023, magnetic resonance imaging of 82 knees with OPI were compared with 82 control knees. TGA quantified the angle between the femoral anatomical axis and the trochlear groove. The intraclass correlation coefficient for TGA was evaluated. Central spur in the sagittal plane (CSSP) and cranial trochlear orientation (CTO) angle were also measured. TGA, CSSP and CTO were compared between the two groups. A TGA subgroup analysis separating the OPI group into low‐grade (CSSP < 5 mm or negative CTO) and high‐grade dysplasia (CSSP ≥ 5 mm or positive CTO) was also performed.ResultsA significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between the TGA of the OPI group (mean [SD], 11.3 [3.7]°) and the control group (4.2 [2.5]°). TGA for patients with high‐grade dysplasia (11.9 [3.8]°) was significantly higher than patients with low‐grade dysplasia (9.6 [3.9]°).ConclusionPatients with OPI have a TGA of 11°, compared to the control group, which exhibits a TGA of 4°. The femoral mechanical axis can be considered an appropriate threshold for separating these two groups. Furthermore, TGA is correlated with the severity of dysplasia.Study designCase–control study.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Changes in ecosystem services supply–demand and key drivers in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Wen Yuling , Li Manchun , Chen Zhenjie , Li Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman activities and regional land development have considerably contributed to the degradation of ecosystems and the growing contradiction between the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) in Jiangsu Province, China. However, few studies have applied a comprehensive approach to elucidate the patterns and evolutionary characteristics of ESs over long periods. This study investigated the spatial–temporal evolution of the supply, demand, and supply–demand relationships of six individual ESs and comprehensive ESs in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2020. It revealed the key drivers of the changes in comprehensive ecosystem services supply–demand relationship (CESSD) using a geo‐detector model and a geographically and temporally weighted regression model to address the shortcomings of previous studies. The results showed that at the provincial level, the CESSD presented a surplus while the supply–demand state tended to be imbalanced. At the 1‐km2 grid scale, the spatial heterogeneity of CESSD was obvious, with surplus supply–demand zones primarily distributed in the Taihu Lake watershed, hilly areas, riverside zones, the watershed from Hongze Lake to Gaoyou Lake, and the eastern coastal zone, while deficit supply–demand zones were mainly clustered in areas with concentrated and contiguous construction land. From 2000 to 2020, the area of deficit in CESSD increased from 626 to 3257 km2 and the degree of deficit gradually deepened, with socioeconomic factors having the greatest influence on changes in CESSD. Our findings reveal the balance/imbalance between human society and natural ecology in Jiangsu Province and highlight the need for effective management of regional ecosystems.
Research on arc evolution law of arc extin‐ction device under high‐speed large current
Authors: Jia M. C. , Huang T. , Song K. X. , Guo X. H. , Feng J. , Wang X. , Song H. T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe lifespan of the guide rail is a bottleneck restricting the operational life of electromagnetic railguns. A well‐designed arc extinguishing device can reduce the arcing erosion caused by residual currents within the guide rail. The CuW alloy is widely used in the high‐pressure arc extinction field due to its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength, and hardness. Based on the theory of equilibrium state arc plasma, a finite element model of the air arc‐CuW electrode coupling in the arc extinction device was established to study millisecond‐level arc initiation, evolution, extinguishing characteristics, and distribution patterns under extreme and harsh operational conditions with a current input of 110 kA. The highest temperature in the arc column region was found to exceed 50,000 K. The study elucidated the influence of arc extinction device parameters on arc evolution, breakdown time, and breakdown voltage. Consequently, it established that the R70 spherical electrode exhibits optimal arc extinguishing characteristics. The aim of this research is to provide theoretical support for optimizing the arc suppression device. Additionally, experiments on high‐speed and high‐current arc extinction device discharges were conducted to validate the finite element analysis results regarding arc diffusion patterns and electrode erosion.
Board attributes and tax avoidance: The moderating role of institutional ownership
Authors: Ali Rizwan , Ahmed Mansoor , Amin Ali , Rehman Ramiz ur 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of corporate board attributes, such as board size, board independence, board meeting frequency, female representation on board, and audit committee size, on tax avoidance. Moreover, the study also explores the moderating role of institutional ownership on these relationships. We use sample of non‐financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 2013–2020. Using the framework of agency theory, we report that board size, board independence, board meetings, gender diversity, and audit committees are associated with lower tax avoidance, and the presence of institutional ownership further strengthens these relationship. To test the hypotheses, ordinary least squares regression analysis is applied and robustness is ensured through by employing Generalized method of moments estimation. Overall, our study offers novel insights into the positive implication of board attributes on tax avoidance, particularly within the framework of institutional ownership settings.
Approach to gait disorders and orthotic management in adult onset neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Chiou‐Tan Faye Y. , Bloodworth Donna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn order to understand abnormal gait, this article will first review normal gait, discuss how neuromuscular diseases disturb gait patterns and review orthotic interventions. In normal gait, concentric contractions accelerate and eccentric contractions decelerate the limb. Neuromuscular gait disorders can be grouped into (1) proximal weakness, (2) distal weakness, (3) nonlength‐dependent or generalized weakness, (4) asymmetric weakness, and (5) sensory disorders. Identification of gait disturbance type in neuromuscular diseases leads to the appropriate orthotic prescription since orthotic strategies are grouped into (1) proximal weakness, (2) distal weakness, and (3) sensory disturbances. Orthotics is not indicated in all types of gait disturbance. Weakness in proximal hip musculature can be managed with gait aids such as walkers. In contrast, distal muscle weakness can be managed with orthotics. Preservation of gait assists in maintenance of daily function and integration in society.
The effect of surveillance fishing on migration distance of Atlantic Salmon during the spawning period
Authors: Munkeby Johan O. , Davidsen Jan G. , Havn Torgeir B. , Ulvan Eva M. , Næsje Tor F. , Karlsen Dag H. , Solem Øyvind , Lennox Robert J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Surveillance fishing surveys can be performed to estimate the proportion of farmed salmon represented in the spawning stock of native Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar populations. These surveys take place after the recreational fishing period and therefore closer to the spawning period than the open recreational fishing season. Although catch-and-release angling has been demonstrated to affect salmon migration during the summer months, surveillance fishing that is conducted close to the spawning time could have more severe effects.

Methods
To test this, the migration distance of Atlantic Salmon (n = 74) caught in the Orkla River, Norway, was tracked by use of radiotelemetry. One group was tagged during the regular fishing season in the summer (control group), whereas another group was tagged in autumn during surveillance fishing (surveillance group).

Result
Sixty-one salmon remained for analysis after we excluded fish that were recaptured, died, or migrated to other rivers. Relocation of the salmon during autumn (October 11–31) was used to compare movements and test for differences in migration using negative binomial regression because distances were nonnegative integers. During the tracking period, the surveillance group moved 12 ± 14 km (mean ± standard deviation) and the control group moved 13 ± 15 km; both groups moved 1 ± 2 km/day on average. There was no evidence that surveillance fishing impacted movement of the salmon compared to controls. However, one salmon died after tagging and three were not released due to injuries; total mortality of 9% during surveillance fishing could be unsustainable for smaller populations. Consequently, factors such as surveillance sample size, the status of the salmon population, and the population size should be assessed for each river individually when deciding the necessity of and approach to surveillance fishing.

Conclusion
The results support existing recommendations to use careful handling and to end surveillance at least 2 weeks prior to the expected onset of spawning, thus providing a sufficiently long period for recovery after surveillance fishing.
A robust cut‐cell finite element method for Poisson's equation in three dimensions
Authors: Li Donghao , Papadopoulos Panayiotis 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis article documents a cut‐cell finite element method for solving Poisson's equation in smooth three‐dimensional domains using a uniform, Cartesian axis‐aligned grid. Neumann boundary conditions are imposed weakly by way of a Delaunay triangulation, while Dirichlet boundary conditions are imposed strongly using a projection method. A set of numerical simulations demonstrates the proposed method is robust and preserves the asymptotic rate of convergence expected of corresponding body‐fitted methods.
Introduction to Special Issue ‘Rethinking Decolonisation in Papua New Guinea’
Authors: Golub Alex , Handman Courtney 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis article is an introduction to a special issue entitled ‘Rethinking Decolonisation in Papua New Guinea’. This introduction suggests that we view ‘decolonisation’ or ‘independence’ not only as a historical period, but as an event that has been imagined by many people both during and after it occurred. Drawing on the work of Adom Getachew, we argue that it is fruitful to examine decolonisation in this extended sense. Doing so, this article argues, allows us to see that decolonisation often involves more than just the two actors of the ‘coloniser’ and the ‘colonised’. It also helps us better understand forms of political innovation in which the goal is not the creation of a nation‐state. By broadening our awareness of a range of decolonising processes, we can expand our understanding of this important political process.
Farmer‐led badger vaccination in Cornwall: Epidemiological patterns and social perspectives
Authors: Woodroffe Rosie , Astley Kelly , Barnecut Rose , Brotherton Peter N. M. , Donnelly Christl A. , Grub Henry M. J. , Ham Cally , Howe Caroline , Jones Chris , Marriott Cheryl , Miles Verity , Rowcliffe Marcus , Shelley Tom , Truscott Keith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the United Kingdom, the management of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) challenges the coexistence of people and wildlife. Control of this cattle disease is hindered by transmission of its causative agent, Mycobacterium bovis, between cattle and badgers Meles meles.

Badger culling has formed an element of bTB control policy for decades, but current government policy envisions expanding badger vaccination. Farming leaders are sceptical, citing concerns that badger vaccination would be impractical and potentially ineffective.

We report on a 4‐year badger vaccination initiative in an 11 km2 area which, atypically, was initiated by local farmers, delivered by scientists and conservationists, and co‐funded by all three. Participating landholders cited controversies around culling and a desire to support neighbours as their primary reasons for adopting vaccination.

The number of badgers vaccinated per km2 (5.6 km−2 in 2019) exceeded the number culled on nearby land (2.9 km−2 in 2019), and the estimated proportion vaccinated (74%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 40%–137%) exceeded the 30% threshold predicted by models to be necessary to control M. bovis. Farmers were content with how vaccination was delivered, and felt that it built trust with wildlife professionals.

The percentage of badgers testing positive for M. bovis declined from 16.0% (95% CI 4.5%–36.1%) at the start of vaccination to 0% (95% CI 0%–9.7%) in the final year. With neither replication nor unvaccinated controls, this small‐scale case study does not demonstrate a causal link between badger vaccination and bTB epidemiology, but it does suggest that larger‐scale evaluation of badger vaccination would be warranted.

Farmers reported that their enthusiasm for badger vaccination had increased after participating for 4 years. They considered vaccination to have been effective, and good value for money, and wished to continue with it.

Synthesis and applications: Although small‐scale, this case study suggests that badger vaccination can be a technically effective and socially acceptable component of bTB control. A wider rollout of badger vaccination is more likely if it is led by the farming community, rather than by conservationists or government, and is combined with scientific monitoring.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Compression and interlaminar shear behavior of steered laminates manufactured by automated fiber placement
Authors: Zheng Chenggan , Tang Zhengqiang , Li Yan , Zhang Shuai , Chen Chao , Cheng Liang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVariable stiffness (VS) composite structures can significantly reduce weight by adjusting fiber orientation. However, in current designs, the directional properties of composites cannot be fully utilized due to the lack of comprehensive mechanical characterization of VS laminates. This paper aims to investigate the compressive and out‐of‐plane bending behavior of steered laminates. Firstly, the critical steering radius theory was studied and derived. Secondly, five steered laminates with different radii and one “baseline” laminate were designed, manufactured, and tested to examine the effects of fiber steering on compressive and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The results indicate that, compared to the “baseline” laminate, the steered laminates exhibit a decreasing trend in both compressive strength and ILSS, with the maximum reductions being 32.1% in compressive strength and 9% in shear strength. Meanwhile, the microstructure was observed to gain an in‐depth understanding of the changes in the mechanical properties of the steered laminates. This study comprehensively evaluates the mechanical performance of steered laminates and provides appropriate steering limits for the design and manufacture of VS structures.Highlights
The critical steering radius theory was studied and derived.
Five steered laminates with different radii and one “baseline” laminate were designed, manufactured, and tested to examine the effects of fiber steering on compressive and ILSS.
The microstructure was observed to gain an in‐depth understanding of the changes in the mechanical properties of the steered laminates.
Innovative polymer‐based composite materials in additive manufacturing: A review of methods, materials, and applications
Authors: Wang Yuanrui , Ding Yuchen , Yu Kai , Dong Guoying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review paper delves into the manufacturing methods, material properties, and applications of polymer‐based composites in the field of advanced manufacturing, offering a detailed explanation of their production through various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and their diverse applications across multiple industries. Polymer‐based composite materials have emerged as crucial elements in AM due to their enhanced properties and design versatility, enabling the creation of components with unprecedented performance characteristics. The paper comprehensively covers the major AM methods employed for composite materials, including fused filament fabrication, Digital Light Processing/Stereolithography, Direct Ink Writing, and Selective Laser Sintering. Each of these methods is explored in terms of its mechanism, suitability for different composite materials, and the resulting material properties. The review also provides an insightful analysis of how these AM techniques are revolutionizing industries such as soft robotics, mechanical, electrical, and biomedical fields. The paper concludes by discussing the current challenges in this domain and projecting future trends in the development and application of composite materials in advanced manufacturing. This review aims to offer a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners in the field, highlighting the transformative impact of polymer‐based composites in AM and their growing significance across various sectors.Highlights
Comprehensive review and classification of novelties in printing method for polymer based composite material manufacturing.
Introduces innovative techniques to create and enhance material properties of composites.
Explores interdisciplinary applications in biomedical, electronics, and sensors, demonstrating material versatility.
Provides a systematic correlation between manufacturing method, material properties, and applications of novel polymer‐based composites.