bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of length post and remaining root tissue on fracture resistance of fibre posts relined with resin composite
Authors: Farina A. P. , Weber A. L. , Severo B. de P. , Souza M. A. , Cecchin D. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryTo investigate the influence of post length and amount of remaining root tissue on the fracture resistance of roots restored with fibre posts relined with resin composite. Ninety upper canine teeth were divided into nine groups (n = 10). The post spaces were prepared resulting in different lengths, as follows: group 2/3, preparations with lengths of 10 mm; group 1/2, preparations with lengths of 7·5 mm; and group 1/3, preparations with lengths of 5 mm. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to amount of remaining root tooth tissue (2, 1 mm or 0·5 mm of thick root). Fibre posts relined with resin composite were cemented, and all teeth were restored with metal crowns. The samples were submitted to the fracture resistance test in a universal testing machine, at an angle of 135° and speed of 0·5 mm min−1. Failure modes were observed and the data of fracture resistance were submitted to the anova and Tukey's (α = 0·05). No statistically significant difference in fracture resistance was found among different post lengths (P > 0·05). Remaining dentin thickness of 2 and 1 mm did not differ statistically in fracture resistance (P > 0·05), which was higher than of 0·5 mm dentin thickness (P < 0·05). A prevalence of repairable failure was observed in all groups. It can be concluded that the length of fibre post relined with resin composite did not influence fracture resistance, but thickness was an important factor for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth.
The Second Welfare Theorem in Economies with Non‐Walrasian Markets
Authors: KOUTSOUGERAS LEONIDAS C. , ZIROS NICHOLAS 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe standard version of the second welfare theorem assumes that market operations produce Walrasian outcomes. Therefore, if there are individuals who can manipulate prices, the conclusion of the second welfare theorem is questionable. In this paper, we address the decentralization of a Pareto‐optimal allocation, when markets are non‐Walrasian. Our objective in this paper is to develop a game which can implement Pareto‐optimal allocations as Nash equilibria of strategic exchange in markets. In this way, we develop a version of the second welfare theorem for economies where markets are strategic.
Computed tomographic findings in 44 dogs and 10 cats with grass seed foreign bodies
Authors: Vansteenkiste D. P. , Lee K. C. L. , Lamb C. R. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVETo supplement recent reports of computed tomographic (CT) findings in dogs and cats with grass seed foreign bodies.METHODSRetrospective review of cases that had CT scan and subsequent retrieval of a grass seed during the same period of hospitalisation from a site included in the scan.RESULTSRecords of 44 dogs and 10 cats were reviewed. Most were presented in the months July to December. Median duration of clinical signs was 4 weeks (range 2 days to 2 years). The most frequent clinical signs were soft tissue swelling (30% cases), coughing (28%), sneezing (28%) and discharge (26%). Grass seeds were retrieved from the thorax (35% cases), nasal cavity (31%), ear (7%), other sites in the head and neck (22%), sublumbar muscles (2%) and pelvic limb (2%). The grass seed was visible in CT images in 10 (19%) cases. Secondary lesions were visible in CT images of 52 (96%) cases, including collection of exudate (37%), abscess (24%), enlarged lymph nodes (22%) and pulmonary consolidation (20%). CT images appeared normal in 4% animals.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEGrass seeds within the respiratory tract are frequently visible in CT images, but in general CT appears to be more useful for localisation of secondary lesions than as a method of definite diagnosis.
HCVtreatment rates and sustained viral response among people who inject drugs in sevenUKsites: real world results and modelling of treatment impact
Authors: Martin N. K. , Foster G. R. , Vilar J. , Ryder S. , E. Cramp M. , Gordon F. , Dillon J. F. , Craine N. , Busse H. , Clements A. , Hutchinson S. J. , Ustianowski A. , Ramsay M. , Goldberg D. J. , Irving W. , Hope V. , De Angelis D. , Lyons M. , Vickerman P. , Hickman M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) antiviral treatment for people who inject drugs (PWID) could prevent onwards transmission and reduce chronic prevalence. We assessed currentPWIDtreatment rates in sevenUKsettings and projected the potential impact of current and scaled‐up treatment onHCVchronic prevalence. Data on number ofPWIDtreated and sustained viral response rates (SVR) were collected from sevenUKsettings: Bristol (37–48%HCVchronic prevalence amongPWID), East London (37–48%), Manchester (48–56%), Nottingham (37–44%), Plymouth (30–37%), Dundee (20–27%) and North Wales (27–33%). A model ofHCVtransmission amongPWIDprojected the 10‐year impact of (i) current treatment rates andSVR(ii) scale‐up with interferon‐free direct acting antivirals (IFN‐freeDAAs) with 90%SVR. Treatment rates varied from <5 to over 25 per 1000PWID. Pooled intention‐to‐treatSVRforPWIDwere 45% genotypes 1/4 [95%CI33–57%] and 61% genotypes 2/3 [95%CI47–76%]. Projections of chronicHCVprevalence amongPWIDafter 10 years of current levels of treatment overlapped substantially with currentHCVprevalence estimates. Scaling‐up treatment to 26/1000PWIDannually (achieved already in two sites) withIFN‐freeDAAs could achieve an observable absolute reduction inHCVchronic prevalence of at least 15% amongPWIDin all sites and greater than a halving in chronicHCVin Plymouth, Dundee and North Wales within a decade. Current treatment rates amongPWIDare unlikely to achieve observable reductions inHCVchronic prevalence over the next 10 years. Achievable scale‐up, however, could lead to substantial reductions inHCVchronic prevalence.
Dietary Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation Enhances the Immunohematological Responses and Reduces Mortality by Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita Fingerlings
Authors: Mohapatra Sipra , Chakraborty Tapas , Prusty Ashisa Kumar , Prasad Kurucheti Pani , Mohanta Kedar Nath 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the immunomodulatory effect of probiotic mixture on the nonspecific immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita. Fish were fed with six different test diets with or without probiotics, namely, T1 (basal feed [BF] without probiotics), T2 (BF + Bacillus subtilis [BS] + Lactococcus lactis [LL]), T3 (BF + LL + Saccharomyces cerevisiae [SC]), T4 (BF + BS + SC), T5 (BF + BS + LL + SC), and T6 (BF + heat‐killed bacteria of BS + LL + SC). During the prechallenge period, significantly higher (P < 0.01) nitroblue tetrazolium assay (NBT), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), globulin, and albumin content were recorded in the probiotic‐supplemented diet group. Feeding all the three probiotics significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the serum aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) value. Significant difference in the NBT, Hb, serum albumin, and MPO was noticed in both prechallenged and postchallenged fish. Lowest survivability was recorded in the nonprobiotic fed group, followed by the group fed with heat‐killed probiotics, whereas the highest survivability was noticed in the group fed with all the three probiotics in live form. Thus, a probiotic mixture diet constituting of three probiotics in viable form is found to be optimum to enhance the immunity and postinfection survivability in L. rohita fingerlings.
Physiological Response to Dolops carvalhoi (Crustacea: Branchiura) Infection by Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Subjected to Short Cycles of Food Restriction and Refeeding
Authors: Takahashi Leonardo S. , Biller‐Takahashi Jaqueline D. , Urbinati Elisabeth C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFeeding strategies that reduce feed and promote compensatory growth could be an interesting tool to reduce costs in the fish production. However, fish health must be monitored to evaluate if their physiological response to adverse conditions, such as parasite infection, does not become compromised. A 12‐wk growth trial was conducted to determine the physiological responses of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, that were subjected to different fasting/refeeding cycles and infected with the Dolops carvalhoi. The schemes were: (i) control group fish (FD), (ii) food‐restricted and controlled refeeding group (FR/Rc), and (iii) food‐restricted and refeeding to satiation group (FR/Rs). After 84 d, the fish were exposed to D. carvalhoi for 30 h. The fish subjected to food restriction did not exhibit compensatory growth. Cortisol levels decreased in all groups within 30 h after infection. Glucose levels increased 6 h after the D. carvalhoi in the FR/Rs and 30 h after infection in the FD. In all of the fish groups, the hematocrit values were reduced after infection, and it was associated with a reduction in the mean corpuscular volume and erythrocytes. At 30 h after infection, the number of erythroblasts increased. The use of the feeding schemes does not indicate a failure of the pacu physiological responses.
Salinity of the coastal nesting environment and its association with body size in the estuarine pig‐nosed turtle
Authors: Eisemberg C. C. , Rose M. , Yaru B. , Amepou Y. , Georges A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractExtant estuarine and freshwater animals show a variety of adaptations to marine life, which could reflect transitional stages in a gradual evolution from freshwater to the sea. Our aim was to identify the temporal and spatial environment associated with pig‐nosed turtlesCarettochelys insculptacoastal nesting in theKikoriRegion,PapuaNewGuinea (PNG). We also related the use of coastal areas with size within and among different populations ofC. insculptaand species of the superfamilyTrionychoidea. Throughout its range,C. insculptanests during the drier months when suitable sandbanks are exposed. InPNG, rainfall in the drier season dilutes salinities andC. insculptanests in coastal sandbanks. InAustralia, high salinities prevail in the river mouths during the nesting season and no coastal use is observed. Trends toward a larger body size in coastal areas suggest that size is an important factor to explore coastal environments. It is unlikely that femaleC. insculptawith less than 50 cm (curve carapace length) would be able to cope with theKikori coastal environment. Expanding this trend to its superfamilyTrionychoidea, only species larger than 37 cm (leathery carapace length) explore coastal environments. As theAustralian coast is not suitable for nesting, the selection for larger body sizes was probably relieved. Of course, the reverse could be true, but our study provides an example of the caution required when placing evolutionary interpretations on life‐history traits whose manifestation is studied only within a restricted portion of a species range.
From Feminist to Integrationist Literary History: 18th Century Studies 2005–2013
Authors: Schabert Ina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFeminist research has explored the specific qualities of female works and the intertextual relations between them. By now, the time has come to transcend the model of ‘a literature of their own’ and to inquire into the influences, interconnections and processes of cooperation between men and women. Ideally, future literary histories would trace patterns of heterosocial interaction. My essay shows how recent scholarship has been working towards this aim. Monographs on individual women writers favour descriptive and interpretative categories with masculine connotations, thus opening up possibilities of relating female to male literary production. Studies of groups of women similarly foreground a collective interest in ‘male’ topics (such as politics, revolution, reason or history) and read the works as feminine‐inflected discussions of subjects of general interest. Case studies of male and female literary cooperation supply samples for the new kind of historiography by exploring the dynamics of transgender creative processes. Most importantly, scholars are beginning to discern communities of male and female writers and heterosocial intertextual lineages, thereby suggesting synchronic and diachronic patterns for integrationist historiography.
Don Delillo's Fiction of Finance Capital
Authors: De Marco Alessandra 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOver the years, few scholars have focused on the centrality of finance capital and its workings within Don DeLillo's fiction. Indeed, not only does the world of finance capital serve as a background to the actions and the events of some of DeLillo's most famous novels (i.e. Players and Cosmopolis), but it plays a much more systematic and structural role in his entire oeuvre. The present article seeks to offer an overview of DeLillo's works as an expression and critique of the financialization of the US and world economy and to highlight the significance of finance capital as an interpretative paradigm for understanding DeLillo's fiction through the work of mourning and melancholia. The article wishes to contextualise such a materialist reading of DeLillo's oeuvre within a broader, but still very small, strand of ‘DeLillian’ scholarship, which recognises the novelist's preoccupation with the social and cultural effects of a predominantly financial era. Ultimately, this paper stresses that a financial reading of DeLillo's fiction does not only constitute a valuable contribution to DeLillo's scholarship, but that such an investigation of the relationship between literary fiction and economic, especially financial, regimes, can provide a significant insight into the long‐term effects that the global ascent and crisis of finance capital over the last 40 years has had on the current US social and cultural condition.
The bacterial ‘mitochondrium’
Authors: Jogler Christian 
Published: October 2014

SummaryOrganelles are membrane‐enclosed compartments that serve a dedicated physiological purpose. While eukaryotic organelles are common textbook knowledge, bacteria were long thought to lack such subcellular organization. However, Planctomycetes were proposed to comprise a compartmentalized cell plan, including membrane‐enclosed organelles such as the paryphoplasm, the pirellulosome, a nucleus‐like membrane system and the anammoxosome. The latter is the hallmark of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria, which gain energy by coupling the oxidation of ammonium to the reduction of nitrite. Since calculations indicate that 50% of nitrogen gas in the earth atmosphere results from anammox activity, this process is key for the global nitrogen cycle. Despite strong evidence for a confined compartment housing this reaction, the concept of planctomycetal compartmentalization in general is currently under debate and the presence of organelles in these bacteria was questioned. However, Neumann et al. (2014) report the isolation of physiological functional anammoxosomes from ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. Subsequent proteomic and microscopic analysis revealed a confined organelle, paralleling eukaryotic mitochondria. This advance is of major importance for the understanding of bacterial compartmentalization in general and of the Planctomycetes in particular. Furthermore, the work of Neumann et al. leads to a better understanding of the anammox process.
Oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase gene mutants of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum do not accumulate oxalic acid, but do produce limited lesions on host plants
Authors: Liang Xiaofei , Liberti Daniele , Li Moyi , Kim Young‐Tae , Hutchens Andrew , Wilson Ron , Rollins Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH, EC 3.7.1.1)‐encoding gene Ss‐oah1 was cloned and functionally characterized from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Ss‐oah1 transcript accumulation mirrored oxalic acid (OA) accumulation with neutral pH induction dependent on the pH‐responsive transcriptional regulator Ss‐Pac1. Unlike previously characterized ultraviolet (UV)‐induced oxalate‐deficient mutants (‘A’ mutants) which retain the capacity to accumulate OA, gene deletion Δss‐oah1 mutants did not accumulate OA in culture or during plant infection. This defect in OA accumulation was fully restored on reintroduction of the wild‐type (WT) Ss‐oah1 gene. The Δss‐oah1 mutants were also deficient in compound appressorium and sclerotium development and exhibited a severe radial growth defect on medium buffered at neutral pH. On a variety of plant hosts, the Δss‐oah1 mutants established very restricted lesions in which the infectious hyphae gradually lost viability. Cytological comparisons of WT and Δss‐oah1 infections revealed low and no OA accumulation, respectively, in subcuticular hyphae. Both WT and mutant hyphae exhibited a transient association with viable host epidermal cells at the infection front. In summary, our experimental data establish a critical requirement for OAH activity in S. sclerotiorum OA biogenesis and pathogenesis, but also suggest that factors independent of OA contribute to the establishment of primary lesions.
Development of a Social Activities Scale for Community‐Dwelling Older Women Requiring Support in Japan: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Hirano Michiyo , Kawahara Kayoko , Saeki Kazuko 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a scale for measuring the social activities of community‐dwelling older women requiring support in Japan.Design and SampleA methodological study was performed of 118 older women (>65 years old) requiring support and residing in region A of Japan.MeasuresAn anonymous questionnaire was administered through individual interviews, and valid responses were obtained from 110 people. The construct validity of the resulting scale was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. Criterion‐related validity was tested by calculating Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the resulting scale and the existing Social Activity Index for Elderly People (SAI‐E). Reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.ResultsThe Social Activity Scale for Community‐Dwelling Older Women Requiring Support (SASOWS) was created. This scale comprised the following three subscales: “interactions with familiar people,” “consulting with care service providers,” and “performing proactive creative activities at home”. Correlation of SASOWS with the existing SAI‐E resulted in a correlation coefficient of .521 (p < .01). Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was .772, and internal consistency was observed.ConclusionsSASOWS appears to be a reliable, valid, and useful scale to measure social activities specific for older women requiring support. Future studies should continue to examine the items and usefulness of this scale.
Evaluating the efficiency and productivity change within government subsidy recipients of a national technology innovation research and development program
Authors: Park Sungmin 
Published: October 2014

This study analyzes the efficiency and productivity change within government subsidy recipients of a national technology innovation research and development (R&D) program. We examine 6,990 government‐sponsored, completed R&D projects during the last three performance follow‐up survey years from 2010 to 2012, and present a design of the sample of panel data to cope with the typical R&D performance time lag using a set of massive observations associated with completed R&D projects for the past 7 years from 2005 to 2011. In particular, data envelopment analysis is adopted to measure the efficiency and productivity change, which is measured in the Malmquist index. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests are carried out to check for statistically significant differences among the characteristics regarding the types of government subsidy recipients. This study's major findings are as follows. First, during the entire period analyzed (2010–2012), there was a similar yearly pattern of statistically significant differences in the government subsidy means among the recipient types. In contrast, there were no obviously equivalent differences in the efficiency and productivity change. Second, the productivity had increased year on year, but the increments were reduced from year to year. Third, the productivity change was induced mainly by the Frontier‐shift, which indicates overall technology innovation progress, compared with the Catch‐up, which only indicates a simple increase in the efficiency. In particular, in this empirical analysis, the recipient types of ‘national laboratory’ and ‘large company’ had relatively larger sizes of government subsidies per project. However, the efficiency and productivity change of these types was not better than the others. This implies, therefore, that the government should control the ratio of the subsidy to the total R&D budget with an appropriate upper limit.
I empirically evaluate the productivity change within a national technology innovation R&D program.
I design a sample of panel data to cope with the typical R&D performance time lag using massive observations.
There is no obvious relationship between the government subsidy size and R&D productivity change.
Some particular types of government subsidy recipient are inferior in terms of R&D productivity change.
It practically implies that the government should control the ratio of the subsidy to the total R&D budget.
Method for perfusion decellularization of porcine whole liver and kidney for use as a scaffold for clinical‐scale bioengineering engrafts
Authors: Wang Yujia , Bao Ji , Wu Qiong , Zhou Yongjie , Li Yi , Wu Xiujuan , Shi Yujun , Li Li , Bu Hong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundWhole‐organ engineering provides a new alternative source of donor organs for xenotransplantation. Utilization of decellularized whole‐organ scaffolds, which can be created by detergent perfusion, is a strategy for tissue engineering. In this article, our aim is to scale up the decellularization process to human‐sized liver and kidney to generate a decellularized matrix with optimal and stable characteristics on a clinically relevant scale.MethodsWhole porcine liver and kidney were decellularized by perfusion using different detergents (1% SDS, 1% Triton X‐100, 1% peracetic acid (PAA), and 1% NaDOC) via the portal vein and renal artery of the liver and kidney, respectively. After rinsing with PBS to remove the detergents, the obtained liver and kidney extracellular matrix (ECM) were processed for histology, residual cellular content analysis, and ECM components evaluation to investigate decellularization efficiency, xenoantigens removal, and ECM preservation.ResultsThe resulting liver and kidney scaffolds in the SDS‐treated group showed the most efficient clearance of cellular components and xenoantigens, including DNA and protein, and preservation of the extracellular matrix composition. In comparison, cell debris was observed in the other decellularized groups that were generated using Triton X‐100, PAA, and NaDOC. Special staining and immunochemistry of the porcine liver and kidney ECMs further confirmed the disrupted three‐dimension ultrastructure of the ECM in the Triton X‐100 and NaDOC groups. Additionally, Triton X‐100 effectively eliminated the residual SDS in the SDS‐treated group, which ensured the scaffolds were not cytotoxic to cells. Thus, we have developed an optimal method that can be scaled up for use with other solid whole organs.ConclusionsOur SDS‐perfusion protocol can be used for porcine liver and kidney decellularization to obtain organ scaffolds cleared of cellular material, xenoimmunogens, and preserved vital ECM components.