bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 9,9′-Bifluorenylidene-Based Porous Aromatic Frameworks (BF-PAFs) for Photocatalytic Production of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Tao Xin , Wang He , Xu Xinmeng , Cao Linzhu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic technology is considered to be a sustainable strategy to convert H2O and O2 into H2O2. However, constructing photocatalytically active and stable organic photocatalyst remain a challenge. In this study, a new class of porous aromatic framework photocatalysts (BF-PAFs) were designed and synthesized, in which 9,9′-bifluorenylidene (99′-BF) and different alkynes are alternately connected. The BF-PAFs were constructed and served as photocatalysts for H2O2 synthesis. Experimental results show that the introduction of different alkynes can effectively regulate the optical band gap and energy band structure, which may further determine their photocatalytic performance. Upon visible light irradiation, PAF-370 exhibits high efficiency for photosynthesis of H2O2 with a production rate of 730 μmol g–1 h–1 in the presence of sacrificial reagent from water and oxygen via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. Furthermore, up to 61 μmol H2O2 could be generated from this photocatalytic system after 14 hours.
Recent Advances in Saturated N-Heterocycle C–H Bond Functionalization for Alkylated N-Heterocycle Synthesis
Authors: Schafer Laurel L. , Zheng Cameron H. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe prominence of saturated N-heterocycle motifs in pharmaceuticals is undeniable. Challenges associated with the alkylation of saturated N-heterocycle scaffolds to efficiently access new drug analogues are hampered by synthetically laborious routes. Stereocontrolled alkyl-substitutions onto saturated N-heterocycles are particularly difficult to access in high yields by traditional synthetic methods. Alternatively, C–H bond functionalization provides a new and powerful synthetic avenue by directly and selectively functionalizing/alkylating/ arylating the abundantly available C–H bonds of saturated N-heterocycles. This review highlights complementary methods for directly activating and functionalizing C–H bonds of saturated N-heterocycles chemo-, regio-, and or stereoselectively to access alkylated products. This synthetic challenge has required catalyst development to access useful N-heterocyclic building blocks or for late-stage functionalization. Early transition metal, late transition metal, photoredox, and electrochemical methods are discussed. The selective functionalization of α, β, and γ C–H bonds to form new C–C, C–N, C–O, and C–B bonds is presented.1	Introduction2	Early Transition Metal Catalyzed α-Alkylation3	Late Transition Metal Catalyzed α-Functionalization4	Photoredox-Catalyzed α-Functionalization5	Electrochemical α-Functionalization6	C–H Functionalization of β and γ C–H Bonds7	Conclusions/Outlook
Avaliação radiográfica do tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas supracondilianas do úmero em crianças
Authors: Rigatti Gabriel , Danesi Sérgio Roberto Canarim , Barbosa Rafaela Dias , Schreiner Douglas Backes 
Published: August 2024

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar de forma radiográfica a qualidade da fixação das fraturas supracondilianas, identificando os fatores que contribuíram para uma redução inadequada e que aumentaram a chance de perda de redução no seguimento ambulatorial. As variáveis analisadas foram: traço de fratura, deslocamento inicial, período do dia em que a cirurgia foi realizada e técnica de fixação escolhida.
Métodos Revisão de prontuário eletrônico e avaliação radiográfica das fraturas supracondilianas operadas de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2022. A avaliação das radiografias foi baseada no ângulo de Baumann e na linha umeral anterior. Já a qualidade de fixação foi mensurada pelo número de corticais, pelo local de cruzamento e pela divergência dos fios.
Resultados Foram avaliados 194 casos, sendo a redução pós-operatória considerada ruim em 17%. A perda de redução aconteceu em 39 casos (20,10%), sendo que 19 (48,7%) desses pacientes apresentaram fixação insuficiente (p = 0,002). Dos casos operados durante o dia, 12,5% perderam a redução, comparados a 32% dos realizados nos períodos noturno e da madrugada (p = 0,001).
Conclusão Dessa forma, a qualidade da redução e a perda da fixação pós-operatória mostraram-se intimamente relacionadas aos erros técnicos e ao período do dia em que a cirurgia foi realizada.
Cortical Responses to Mother's Voice in Comparison with Unfamiliar Voice in the First Trimester of Life: A fNIRS Study
Authors: Dias Lurdiana Guimarães , Miranda Débora Marques de , Bertachini Ana Lívia Libardi , Januário Gabriela Cintra , Silva Rebecca Chrispim , Resende Luciana Macedo de 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction The use of functional near-infrared light spectroscopy (fNIRS) may be applied to study cortical responses in children and could offer insight into auditory and speech perception during the early stages of life. Some literature suggests that babies are already able to identify familiar voices at birth, and fNIRS is a non-invasive technique that can be used to study this population.
Objective To characterize the cortical responses of infants during their first trimester of life to infant-directed speech using near-infrared light spectroscopy and to verify whether there is a difference in responses when infant-directed speech is performed by their mother compared with an unknown person.
Methods Twenty-three children between 0 and 3 months, healthy, without risk indicators for hearing loss, and with results considered normal in the audiological evaluation were tested with near-infrared spectroscopy using infant-directed speech as an auditory stimulus produced by their own mother and by an unknown source.
Results Bilateral cortical activation was observed. The responses were present in the temporal, frontal, and parietal regions. Regarding the familiarity aspect, no significant difference was observed for the mother's voice compared with an unknown voice.
Conclusion Infant-directed speech has prosodic characteristics capable of activating several cortical regions in the infant's first trimester of life, especially the temporal region. The familiarity effect needs to be better defined for this type of stimulus during this period.
Unusual Presentation of Giant Malignant Melanoma in the Deltoid: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vitor Ricardo Sozo , Schroder Letícia Bastos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe term giant melanoma was previously characterized as a significantly large melanoma, often exceeding 10 cm in diameter. The present case report presents our experience in managing a giant malignant melanoma in the deltoid region in a 79-year-old patient. Due to the size of the lesion, surgical resection with reconstruction using the pectoralis major muscle flap to cover the defect was chosen. The results showed that experimental treatment regimens and new therapeutic agents and techniques should be considered, since giant melanomas are often associated with several negative prognostic factors. Therefore, more studies are necessary for a better understanding of this pathology, which requires a multidisciplinary team for its treatment.
Assessing the Belt and Road Initiative’s environmental footprint: an impact evaluation analysis of African member countries
Authors: Elish Eman , AboElsoud Mostafa E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis empirical study undertakes a rigorous examination of the environmental sustainability impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on its member countries. Employing a robust difference-in-difference quasi-natural experimental technique, our analysis spans a panel of 69 countries, covering the years from 1990 to 2022. Our primary metric for assessing ecological strain is the total Ecological Footprint consumption (EFP), measured in global hectares, which encapsulates the ecological exhaustion resulting from economic activities. This study not only contributes to the growing body of literature on the BRI’s economic, social, and environmental impacts but also distinguishes itself by providing experimental evidence of its environmental repercussions 10 years post-initiative commencement for member countries and 4 years for African countries in which the majority joined in 2018. Our findings reveal a significant increase in ecological footprint consumption among the BRI member countries after 2014, implying that participation in the BRI has contributed to heightened ecological depletion in these nations. Additionally, our analysis highlights the same impact for African countries, where ecological footprint consumption substantially escalated after joining the BRI in 2018. This pivotal discovery calls for the attention of not only the Chinese government, a driving force behind the BRI, but also all member countries partaking in this international collaboration. It signals a potential ecological deficit and future productivity impairment, urging stakeholders to reconsider and address the environmental ramifications of their endeavors.
Error-controlled adaptive machining of aeronautical cabin structures by laser triangulation on-machine measurement
Authors: Ding Dawei , Xu Fengyu , Chen Zhong , Fu Yucan 
Published: August 2024

Laser Triangulation On-Machine Measurement (LTOMM) is being implemented increasingly to inspect aeronautical components accurately and efficiently, with its enhanced application in adaptive machining. This work proposes an error compensation and controlling method for measuring the typical features of steps, holes, and freeform surfaces to improve accuracy. Then, the global path to inspect the cabin’s structures is planned by introducing optimization algorithms, thus providing an appropriate sequence to shorten the traveling length. After these, the test piece was designed, measured, and manufactured using the adaptive machining process that integrates the LTOMM. The results show that the measurement errors of steps, holes, and freeform surfaces are +0.0092, −0.006, and +0.0406 mm, respectively, and further reduced to +0.0013, −0.0019, and +0.0083 mm after error controlling. The cabin’s freeform surface was fabricated with the maximum positive and minimum negative errors of +0.184 and −0.123 mm, which is evaluated by the mechanical probe. The measured data-driven machining process can guarantee that the error satisfies the required tolerance, promoting the application of the LTOMM process in aeronautical intelligent manufacturing.
Bio-oil yield maximization and characteristics of neem based biomass at optimum conditions along with feasibility of biochar through pyrolysis
Authors: Singh Yashvir , Singh Nishant Kumar , Sharma Abhishek , Lim Wei Hong , Palamanit Arkom , Alhussan Amel Ali , El-kenawy El-Sayed M. 
Published: August 2024

There is a growing need for a more streamlined and automated method of refining biofuels, as there are currently no universally applicable process inspection instruments on the market. All process variables in bio-oil upgrading operations are maintained according to the offline specifications of the products and intermediates. Failure of the process and loss of resources can result from batch-wise monitoring not having real-time product standards. Consequently, in order to cut down on waste and lessen the chances of process failure, a quick and accurate tool for specifying intermediates and products is required. To resolve this issue, we created a model using response surface methodology and an artificial neural network that can increase the bio-oil yield involving parameters, i.e., biomass particle size (mm), temperature (°C), and residence time (min). The maximum bio-oil production (47.0883%) was achieved at 3 mm particle size, 523°C temperature, and 20 min residence time. All results are “better” for root mean squared error (∼1), and the highest coefficient of regression for bio-oil production is in the range of 0.97–0.99. Temperature is the most significant factor in bio-oil yield, followed by particle size and residence time. Based on physicochemical properties, bio-oil has the maximum kinematic viscosity (11.3 Cst) and water content (18.7%). Making bio-oil precious compounds allows it to be used as boiler feedstock and steam generation fuel.
A particle-in-cell study of electrostatic potential well formation in an edge-confined non-neutral plasma
Authors: Hongtrakul W. , Ordonez C. A. , Weathers D. L. 
Published: August 2024

An edge-confined single-species plasma will relax to create a potential energy hill that climbs from the boundary. This hill represents a potential well for species of the opposite sign and can be a means to confine the second species. With this ultimate application in mind, we have studied the relation between the plasma temperature, the number of confined particles, and the electrostatic potential well that forms in a fully non-neutral plasma of electrons in a trapping volume with an artificially structured boundary (ASB). An ASB is a structure that produces periodic short-range static electric and magnetic fields for confining a plasma. To perform a detailed analysis on this topic, simulations using a particle-in-cell code have been performed. By varying the configurational elements of the ASB, such as the bias on the boundary electrodes and the internal radius of the structure, coupled with a course thermalization process and a prescribed threshold for particle leakage, potential well values were determined for a range of plasma temperatures and confinement conditions. Maximum well depths were observed below a threshold plasma temperature in each configuration. This study gives insight into the limitations of primary particle confinement with this type of structure and optimal conditions for the formation of a potential well that might be utilized to confine a second species.
Development of high-operation-temperature (up to 150 K) mid-wave infrared photodetectors based on p–n junctions in PbTe single crystals
Authors: Auslender M. , Dzundza B. , Towe E. , Shneck R. , Dashevsky Z. 
Published: August 2024

One of the characteristic features of PbTe is an uncommon growth of bandgap with increasing temperature, which is quite opposite to the bandgap behavior of the semiconductors commonly used in electronics, for example, Si, Ge, GaAs, and InSb. This specificity allows one to increase the operating temperature of photodiodes fabricated using PbTe up to about 150 K. At the first stage of development, we prepared infrared (IR) photodiodes on the base of bulk single crystalline PbTe. To this end, the ingots with a diameter of about 40 mm were grown by the Czochralski technique. Then, the PbTe p–n junctions were fabricated by using indium donor diffusion to diffuse indium into the PbTe samples. Current–voltage and capacitance–voltage characteristics and spectral detectivity were measured over a wide temperature range and analyzed. The dark saturation current density at T = 100 K was of the order of 10−7 A/cm2. Finally, the unique solid-state multi-stage thermoelectric cooler operated at temperatures up to 150 K was developed. The present study would pave the way to creating a module for efficient photodetection in the mid-wave IR range combining two solid-state devices, namely, the p–n photodiode and thermoelectric cooler, while the latter supports the former.
Effect of dissolved KOH and NaCl on the solubility of water in hydrogen: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Habibi Parsa , Dey Poulumi , Vlugt Thijs J. H. , Moultos Othonas A. 
Published: August 2024

Vapor–Liquid Equilibria (VLE) of hydrogen (H2) and aqueous electrolyte (KOH and NaCl) solutions are central to numerous industrial applications such as alkaline electrolysis and underground hydrogen storage. Continuous fractional component Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compute the VLE of H2 and aqueous electrolyte solutions at 298–423 K, 10–400 bar, 0–8 mol KOH/kg water, and 0–6 mol NaCl/kg water. The densities and activities of water in aqueous KOH and NaCl solutions are accurately modeled (within 2% deviation from experiments) using the non-polarizable Madrid-2019 Na+/Cl− ion force fields for NaCl and the Madrid-Transport K+ and Delft Force Field of OH− for KOH, combined with the TIP4P/2005 water force field. A free energy correction (independent of pressure, salt type, and salt molality) is applied to the computed infinite dilution excess chemical potentials of H2 and water, resulting in accurate predictions (within 5% of experiments) for the solubilities of H2 in water and the saturated vapor pressures of water for a temperature range of 298–363 K. The compositions of water and H2 are computed using an iterative scheme from the liquid phase excess chemical potentials and densities, in which the gas phase fugacities are computed using the GERG-2008 equation of state. For the first time, the VLE of H2 and aqueous KOH/NaCl systems are accurately captured with respect to experiments (i.e., for both the liquid and gas phase compositions) without compromising the liquid phase properties or performing any refitting of force fields.
High-performance broadband photodetector with imaging application based on tantalum nickel selenium at room temperature
Authors: Gao Lin , Huang Yuhang , Wu Han 
Published: August 2024

Infrared photodetectors (PDs) are widely used in fields such as military, medical, and aerospace. Traditional semiconductor materials including Si, InGaAs, and HgCdTe show high performance in a wide spectral range with the imaging function. Nevertheless, they also have limitations such as low-temperature operation, high cost, and toxicity. Fortunately, two-dimensional (2D) materials with narrow bandgaps featuring adjustable gaps, mechanical flexibility, and superior optoelectronic properties have the potential to bridge the gap between traditional materials in optoelectronic devices. However, 2D materials’ performance with respect to responsivity (Rλ) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) needs improvement. Tantalum nickel selenium (Ta2NiSe5) with a direct bandgap and high carrier mobility has prospects for broadband PD research. This study combines mechanical exfoliation and micro-nano-processing technology to prepare Ta2NiSe5 nanosheets and design a Ta2NiSe5-based PD, which has a broadband light response from 520 to 1550 nm with an Rλ value of up to 1.07 A/W. The highest EQE of the PD is 2.55, with the lowest noise equivalent power of 2.39 × 10−12 W/Hz1/2 and the highest specific detectivity (D*) of 9.3 × 108 cm Hz1/2/W. The response speed is stable with low power consumption, and the PD can perform high-resolution imaging through different liquids. Hence, Ta2NiSe5-based PDs have photoelectric properties including broadband detection, high responsiveness, and low-light detection, with a broad range of application in new optoelectronics.
An optimal Bayesian strategy for comparing Wiener–Hunt deconvolution models in the absence of ground truth
Authors: Harroué B , Giovannelli J-F , Pereyra M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper considers the quantitative comparison of several alternative models to perform deconvolution in situations where there is no ground truth data available. With applications to very large data sets in mind, we focus on linear deconvolution models based on a Wiener filter. Although comparatively simple, such models are widely prevalent in large scale setting such as high-resolution image restoration because they provide an excellent trade-off between accuracy and computational effort. However, in order to deliver accurate solutions, the models need to be properly calibrated in order to capture the covariance structure of the unknown quantity of interest and of the measurement error. This calibration often requires onerous controlled experiments and extensive expert supervision, as well as regular recalibration procedures. This paper adopts an unsupervised Bayesian statistical approach to model assessment that allows comparing alternative models by using only the observed data, without the need for ground truth data or controlled experiments. Accordingly, the models are quantitatively compared based on their posterior probabilities given the data, which are derived from the marginal likelihoods or evidences of the models. The computation of these evidences is highly non-trivial and this paper consider three different strategies to address this difficulty—a Chib approach, Laplace approximations, and a truncated harmonic expectation—all of which efficiently implemented by using a Gibbs sampling algorithm specialised for this class of models. In addition to enabling unsupervised model selection, the output of the Gibbs sampler can also be used to automatically estimate unknown model parameters such as the variance of the measurement error and the power of the unknown quantity of interest. The proposed strategies are demonstrated on a range of image deconvolution problems, where they are used to compare different modelling choices for the instrument’s point spread function and covariance matrices for the unknown image and for the measurement error.
Passivated indium oxide thin-film transistors with high field-effect mobility (128.3 cm2 V−1 s−1) and low thermal budget (200 °C)
Authors: Xiao Na , Khandelwal Vishal , Yuvaraja Saravanan , Chettri Dhanu , Mainali Genesh , Liu Zhiyuan , Hassine Mohamed Ben , Tang Xiao , Li Xiaohang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a high-mobility indium oxide (In2O3) thin-film transistor (TFT) with a sputtered alumina (Al2O3) passivation layer (PVL) with a low thermal budget (200 °C). The sputtering process of the Al2O3 PVL plays a positive role in improving the field-effect mobility (µ
FE) and current on/off ratio (I
ON/I
OFF) performance of the In2O3 TFTs. However, these enhancements are limited due to the high density of intrinsic trap defects in the In2O3 channels, as reflected in their large hysteresis and poor bias stability. Treating the In2O3 channel with oxygen (O2) plasma prior to sputtering the Al2O3 PVL results in notable improvements. Specifically, a high µ
FE of 128.3 cm2V−1 s−1, a high I
ON/I
OFF over 106 at V
DS of 0.1 V, a small hysteresis of 0.03 V, and a negligible threshold voltage shift under negative bias stress are achieved in the passivated In2O3 TFT (with O2 plasma pretreatment), representing a significant improvement compared to the passivated In2O3 TFT (without O2 plasma pretreatment) and the unpassivated In2O3 TFT. The remarkable reduction of intrinsic trap defects in the passivated In2O3 TFT compensated by O2 plasma is the primary mechanism underlying the improvement in µ
FE and bias stability, as validated by x-ray photoelectron spectra, hysteresis analysis, and temperature-stress electrical characterizations. Plasma treatment effectively compensates for intrinsic trap defects in oxide semiconductor (OS) channels, when combined with sputter passivation, resulting in a significant enhancement of the overall performance of OS TFTs under low thermal budgets. This approach offers valuable insights into advancing OS TFTs with satisfactory driving capability and wide applicability.
N = 2 a = 1 supersymmetric KdV equation and its Darboux–Bäcklund transformations
Authors: Yang XiaoXia , Xue Lingling , Liu Q P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the N = 2 a = 1 supersymmetric KdV equation. We construct its Darboux transformation and the associated Bäcklund transformation. Furthermore, we derive a nonlinear superposition formula, and as applications we calculate some solutions for this supersymmetric KdV equation and recover the related results for the Kersten–Krasil’shchik coupled KdV-mKdV system.