bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of channel bar form and grain size variability on estimated stranding risk of juvenile brown trout during hydropeaking
Authors: Hauer Christoph , Unfer Günther , Holzapfel Patrick , Haimann Marlene , Habersack Helmut 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTHydropeaking leads to artificial fluctuations in discharge and corresponding water levels with pronounced dewatering areas between base and peak flow along gravel bars and channel banks. In the present study, 16 hydropeaking reaches in Austria were investigated to assess possible differences in the estimated stranding risk for young of the year brown trout according to different gravel bar types and differences in microtopography roughness. Based on hydrodynamic‐numerical modelling, a predictive habitat modelling approach was implemented in the study design. Accompanied by grain size sampling along the various channel bars, a conceptual stranding risk model (SRM) was developed. The results showed that a high variability in estimated stranding risk exists for the tested sites considering discharge ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10. With respect to the discussion of establishing legal thresholds for ramping ratios in discharge, it was documented that, exemplarily, a discharge ratio base flow/peak flow of 1:5 (winter base flow conditions) could cause minor differences in the spatial extent of dewatering areas and the related estimated stranding risk for juvenile brown trout compared to a ratio of 1:2 for summer base flow conditions. Microtopographic roughness was addressed due to sampling and analysis of grain size distributions. Statistical testing of grain size distributions revealed significant differences between the surface material compositions of the investigated gravel bars. Those differences are evident, particularly for the coarser fraction (d90), which is important as cover for young of the year brown trout. These aspects of grain size in habitat use and hydraulics have been addressed in the conceptual SRM. The results showed that point bar morphology, in particular, was less sensitive to the risk of stranding compared to, for example, alternating gravel bars. Considering the multiple pressures for alpine rivers, the improvement of structural features due to bar formation and related self‐forming processes is discussed as a possible alternative for future mitigation measures to reduce the negative impacts of hydropeaking. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low complexity resource allocation in MIMO‒OFDM‒based cooperative cognitive radio networks
Authors: Adian M.G. , Aghaeinia H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA multiple‒input multiple‒output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based cooperative cognitive radio network is considered in this study, where the cooperation strategy is decode‒and‒forward. The objective is to maximise the capacity of the secondary system while guaranteeing that the interference introduced to the primary system is below the interference temperature limit. The optimal power allocation in the source and the relay is presented and because of the high computational complexity of the optimal approach, a low computational complexity near‒optimal algorithm is further proposed. The joint allocation of the resources in the sub‒optimal algorithm is carried out taking into account the channel qualities, the decode‒and‒forward cooperation strategy and the interference induced to the primary system. The performance of the different approaches and effect of deploying multiple antennas at users are explored through the simulation results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid FLUTE/DASH video delivery over mobile wireless networks
Authors: Belda Román , de Fez Ismael , Fraile Francisco , Arce Pau , Guerri Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper describes how File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (FLUTE) and Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (DASH) can be used to provide mobile video streaming services over broadcast wireless networks. FLUTE is a multicast protocol for multimedia file download. In this proposal, the protocol is adapted to provide video streaming services in crowded environments. Thus, video is delivered over a single connection to all viewers, reducing the traffic in the network. FLUTE incorporates an application‐layer forward error correction (AL‐FEC) mechanism in order to improve the reliability of the broadcast communication channel. For streaming applications, AL‐FEC improves the relationship between the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of the received video and the bandwidth allocated to the broadcast connection. The AL‐FEC hereby presented applies simple unequal error protection schemes to favour the download of key frames. Furthermore, the proposal is based on the same video segmentation mechanism as DASH, and therefore, clients can connect to a DASH repository to repair errors in the segments. This paper shows that FLUTE and DASH can be seamlessly integrated into a hybrid broadcast/unicast streaming technology, providing flexibility to trade off PSNR and bandwidth depending on the conditions of the mobile network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic‐preserving schemes for kinetic–fluid modeling of disperse two‐phase flows with variable fluid density
Authors: Goudon Thierry , Jin Shi , Liu Jian‐Guo , Yan Bokai 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYWe are concerned with a coupled system describing the interaction between suspended particles and a dense fluid. The particles are modeled by a kinetic equation of Vlasov–Fokker–Planck type, and the fluid is described by the incompressible Navier–Stokes system, with variable density. The systems are coupled through drag forces. High friction regimes lead to a purely hydrodynamic description of the mixture. We design first and second order asymptotic‐preserving schemes suited to such regimes. We extend the method introduced in [Goudon T, Jin S, Liu JG, Yan B. Journal of Computational Physics 2013; 246:145‐164] to the case of variable density in compressible flow. We check the accuracy and the asymptotic‐preserving property numerically. We set up a few numerical experiments to demonstrate the ability of the scheme in capturing intricate interactions between the two phases on a wide range of physical parameters and geometric situations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient computation of the flow around single fluid particles using an artificial boundary condition
Authors: Weirich D. , Köhne M. , Bothe D. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYTwo‐phase flows around fluid particles are often considered to be in infinite domains, to avoid influence of the domain walls. Numerical simulations, however, must be modeled with a bounded domain, thus introducing artificial boundaries. Modeling of fluid flow in a domain with such artificial boundaries requires a careful choice of suitable boundary conditions. Slip boundary conditions for example can have a large impact on the computational results if the domain is chosen to be too small, because they model impermeable walls. This paper introduces an artificial boundary condition for simulations of the flow around single rising or settling fluid particles based on the approximated decay behavior of the velocity and the pressure field in the surrounding liquid. This is applied to the simulation of rising gas bubbles in systems with a Reynolds number of up to 50, and the outcome is compared with experimental results and simulations with slip boundary condition. It is found that domain size can be reduced by a factor of about two compared with slip boundary conditions without loss of accuracy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The feasibility of a European‐wide integrated CO2 transport network
Authors: Stewart R. J. , Scott V. , Haszeldine R. S. , Ainger D. , Argent S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe European Union's ambition to achieve near‐total decarbonization by 2050 suggests a large role for carbon capture and storage (CCS), requiring the transport (mostly by pipeline) of CO2 from source facilities to appropriate sites for geological storage. Here, a network modeling approach is used to test the scale, structure, and estimated costs of an integrated European CO2 transport network for different amounts of CCS deployment. Models are optimized with the sole objective of creating the least cost pipeline network that joins all sources to sufficient storage for a 25‐year period of operation, and assume no restrictions on trans‐boundary transport of CO2, or due to topographical constraints. Results show that extensive CO2 pipeline networks are required to deliver the CCS contribution to decarbonization. Sufficient storage is available but is distributed such that even for low levels of CCS deployment, both offshore storage and trans‐boundary transport of CO2 are needed. Scenarios are run to test pipeline infrastructure requirements should onshore CO2 storage not be permitted, giving an estimated increase in CO2 transport infrastructure cost of 10–30% (€3–7 billion). Scenarios examining the effect of removing the more speculative storage potential in the Baltic, close to central and eastern European CO2 source clusters, reinforce the need to experimentally validate theoretical storage capacity estimates especially in the Baltic and North Sea.
Comparing manual and automatic segmentation of hippocampal volumes: Reliability and validity issues in younger and older brains
Authors: Wenger Elisabeth , Mårtensson Johan , Noack Hannes , Bodammer Nils Christian , Kühn Simone , Schaefer Sabine , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Düzel Emrah , Bäckman Lars , Lindenberger Ulman , Lövdén Martin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe compared hippocampal volume measures obtained by manual tracing to automatic segmentation with FreeSurfer in 44 younger (20–30 years) and 47 older (60–70 years) adults, each measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over three successive time points, separated by four months. Retest correlations over time were very high for both manual and FreeSurfer segmentations. With FreeSurfer, correlations over time were significantly lower in the older than in the younger age group, which was not the case with manual segmentation. Pearson correlations between manual and FreeSurfer estimates were sufficiently high, numerically even higher in the younger group, whereas intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates were lower in the younger than in the older group. FreeSurfer yielded higher volume estimates than manual segmentation, particularly in the younger age group. Importantly, FreeSurfer consistently overestimated hippocampal volumes independently of manually assessed volume in the younger age group, but overestimated larger volumes in the older age group to a less extent, introducing a systematic age bias in the data. Age differences in hippocampal volumes were significant with FreeSurfer, but not with manual tracing. Manual tracing resulted in a significant difference between left and right hippocampus (right > left), whereas this asymmetry effect was considerably smaller with FreeSurfer estimates. We conclude that FreeSurfer constitutes a feasible method to assess differences in hippocampal volume in young adults. FreeSurfer estimates in older age groups should, however, be interpreted with care until the automatic segmentation pipeline has been further optimized to increase validity and reliability in this age group. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4236–4248, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of diabetes mellitus on postoperative complications and failure in head and neck free flap reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rosado Pablo , Cheng Hsu‐Tang , Wu Chao‐Min , Wei Fu‐Chan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine whether diabetic patients have an increased rate of postoperative complications compared to nondiabetic patients after head and neck free flap reconstruction. A systematic review of PubMed Database between 1966 and 2012 was performed. RevMan 5.0 was used for meta‐analysis. A retrospective medical chart review of 7890 patients to identify those who had a failed microsurgical reconstruction of the head and neck region at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital was also carried out. The result revealed that patients with diabetes mellitus have a 1.76 increased risk of complications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–2.79) with minimal heterogeneity (I 2 = 22%; p = .28). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with failed free flaps for head and neck reconstruction is 15%. The incidence of diabetes mellitus in these patients with failed free flaps is 2.3 times higher than in the general population.<copy;2013> © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 615–618, 2015
Relationship between the plasma concentration of paliperidone and the clinical and drug‐induced extrapyramidal symptoms in elderly patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Hidenobu , Gen Keishi , Otomo Masahiro , Inoue Yuichi , Hibino Hiroyuki , Mikami Ayako , Matsumoto Hideo , Mikami Katsunaka 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between the plasma concentration of paliperidone (PAL) and clinical and drug‐induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in elderly patients with schizophrenia.MethodsIn this study, 15 patients with schizophrenia receiving risperidone were switched to PAL and treated for 12 weeks. Their clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity of Illness Scale. Their EPS were assessed using the Drug‐induced EPS Scale, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, and Barnes Akathisia Scale at baseline and 12 weeks. Plasma concentrations were measured by the liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method.ResultsThe results revealed that there were significant correlations between the plasma concentration of PAL and improved Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total, negative, and general psychopathology scores (p < 0.05). However, the efficacy did not improve linearly with plasma level. No significant correlations were found between the PAL plasma concentration and the mean change from baseline in the Drug‐induced EPS Scale total score, Barnes Akathisia Scale, or Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.ConclusionsThe results of this research suggested that, in elderly patients, although none of an increased plasma concentration of PAL, a worsening of EPS, or an increase in prolactin level occurs, linear clinical efficacy may not be obtained. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF DSS‐FS FERTIGATION SIMULATOR IN SEVERAL CROPS WORLDWIDE
Authors: Barradas J. M. Moreira , Matula S. , Dolezal F. , Mekonnen G. B. , Miháliková M. , Chala A. T. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe DSS‐FS fertigation simulator is intended to support design and optimization of irrigation and fertigation systems while increasing their environmental sustainability. The DSS‐FS is a decision support system aiming to simplify the design of advanced irrigation systems, including fertigation features assuring its optimal efficiency and error minimization. Data from farms where the DSS‐FS was used (as the primary consulting system) were analysed and are presented in this article. This system has proven to be user friendly and is reported by the majority of users to increase production by considerable amounts, saving 20–30% in input factors and energy. Now, further aided by user feedback, the system will continue to be optimized, with a view to improving current functionalities and implementing new ones, as well as extending its applicability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of citrate‐coated silver nanoparticles with earthworm coelomic fluid and related cytotoxicity in Eisenia andrei
Authors: Kwak Jin Il , Lee Woo‐Mi , Kim Shin Woong , An Youn‐Joo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the interaction of nanoparticles with biological fluid is important for predicting the behavior and toxicity of nanoparticles in living systems. The earthworm Eisenia andrei was exposed to citrate‐coated silver nanoparticles (cAgNPs), and the interaction of cAgNPs with earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF), the cytotoxicity of cAgNPs in earthworm coelomocytes was assessed. The neutral red retention assay showed a reduction in lysosomal stability after exposure. The toxicity of silver ions dissolved from cAgNPs in the soil medium was not significant. The aggregation and dissolution of cAgNPs increased in ECF, which contains various electrolytes that alter the properties of nanoparticles, and their subsequent toxicity. Microscopic and dissolution studies demonstrated that the aggregation of cAgNPs rapidly increased, and readily dissolved in ECF. The bioavailability of cAgNPs to earthworms induced lysosomal cytotoxicity. This is the first report to test the interaction and lysosomal cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in earthworm biofluids. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd.
Carbon‐based nanomaterials accelerate arteriolar thrombus formation in the murine microcirculation independently of their shape
Authors: Holzer Martin , Bihari Peter , Praetner Marc , Uhl Bernd , Reichel Christoph , Fent Janos , Vippola Minnamari , Lakatos Susan , Krombach Fritz 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough carbon‐based nanomaterials (CBNs) have been shown to exert prothrombotic effects in microvessels, it is poorly understood whether CBNs also have the potential to interfere with the process of leukocyte‐endothelial cell interactions and whether the shape of CBNs plays a role in these processes. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of two differently shaped CBNs, fiber‐shaped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and spherical ultrafine carbon black (CB), on thrombus formation as well as on leukocyte‐endothelial cell interactions and leukocyte transmigration in the murine microcirculation upon systemic administration in vivo. Systemic administration of both SWCNT and CB accelerated arteriolar thrombus formation at a dose of 1 mg kg–1 body weight, whereas SWCNT exerted a prothrombotic effect also at a lower dose (0.1 mg kg–1 body weight). In vitro, both CBNs induced P‐selectin expression on human platelets and formation of platelet‐granulocyte complexes. In contrast, injection of fiber‐shaped SWCNT or of spherical CB did not induce leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions or leukocyte transmigration. In vitro, both CBNs slightly increased the expression of activation markers on human monocytes and granulocytes. These findings suggest that systemic administration of CBNs accelerates arteriolar thrombus formation independently of the CBNs' shape, but does not induce leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions or leukocyte transmigration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd.
Oligoepicatechins from the Leaves of Machilus konishii
Authors: Lin Yi‐Shan , Tsai Sheng‐Fa , Lee Shoei‐Sheng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEpicatechin (3) and five oligomers (2, 4, 5, 10, 11) together with five other type compounds were isolated and characterized from n‐BuOH and EtOAc soluble fractions of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Machilus konishii Hayata. Their structures were elucidated by means of MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses. Dehydrodiepicatechin A (11) is the first occurrence as a natural product although it has been prepared from epicatechin. The stereochemistry of 11 is elucidated for the first time on the basis of 1D NOESY and chemical model analyses. Tiliroside (7) and kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐(2″,4″‐di‐E‐p‐coumaroyl)‐rhamnopyranoside (8) showed moderate inhibitory activity against α‐glucosidase.
Synthesis and Micellar Behaviors of an Anionic Polymerizable Surfactant
Authors: Ma Lihua , Guo Yongjun , Feng Rusheng , Xiang Panpan , Li Chunhui 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA novel anionic polymerizable surfactant sodium (5‐acryloyl‐2‐(dodecyloxy)phenyl) methane sulfonate has been synthesized from phenol, acrylic acid and bromododecane by esterification, Frise rearrangement, sulfomethylation reaction and Williamson etherification. The parameters of the micellar behaviors are as follows: The CMC was 150 ppm at 40 °C; The surface absorption amounts Γm was 3.208 × 10−6 mol m−2; The molecular areas Am was 0.550 × 10−18m2 at the interface of air‐water respectively; The aggregation number (Nagg) at C = CMC of this surfactant was 12.
In vitro Toxicological Study of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles on Oxidation of Succinate in Krebs Cycle and Their Resultant Effect in Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Tanveer Samreen , Farrukh Muhammad Akhyar , Ali Shaista , Khaleeq‐ur‐Rahman Muhammad , Imtiaz Ayesha 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn vitro study to evaluate toxic effects of metal oxides nanoparticles on energy producing cycle was conducted. In this study oxidation of sodium succinate in aqueous solution was investigated by using potassium ferricyanide as an oxidizing agent. Kinetic measurements were carried out on kinetic mode of spectrophotometer at λmax 420 nm. Effect of different metal oxides (MgO and CaO) nanoparticles was observed on the oxidation of succinate at 25 ± 0.5 °C. These metal oxides nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method and their characterization were done by using FTIR, TGA, SEM‐EDX, TEM and XRD. Kinetic results indicated that these nanoparticles inhibit the conversion of succinate into fumerate. The inhibition is directly dependent on particle size of the nanoparticles and it was observed that particle size is inversely related to the oxidation rate of succinate. It was concluded at the end that elevated concentrations of metal oxides nanoparticles can severely affect the Krebs cycle by inhibiting succinate oxidation and lead to various metabolic disorders.
Ontogenetic change of the weight support pattern in growing dogs
Authors: Helmsmüller Daniela , Anders Alexandra , Nolte Ingo , Schilling Nadja 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWeight support patterns vary widely among mammals. Differences in how much of the body weight is supported by the fore‐ versus the hind‐limbs are well documented among and within species. Intraindividual variation due to ontogenetic processes has been studied in several hindlimb‐dominated species and consistently showed a caudal shift in the limbs' support roles. We hypothesized that forelimb‐dominated species exhibit a cranial shift in their support pattern and tested this hypothesis by examining the vertical ground reaction forces in growing dogs. Six male Beagle siblings were studied from 9 to 51 postnatal weeks (PW) of age while they trotted on an instrumented treadmill. Ontogenetic shifting in fore‐to‐hind support was evaluated using vertical force ratios (i.e., peak and impulse) as well as the stance time ratio of the fore‐ and the hind‐limbs. Because morphological and kinematic characteristics influence weight support patterns, changes in body shape (i.e., trunk shape), and average limb position were determined. As in adult dogs, the forelimbs carried a greater proportion of the body weight than the hindlimbs at all ages. When the dogs were younger, peak vertical force occurred earlier during stance in the hindlimbs but not the forelimbs. Both the increasing ratio of the vertical force and the increasing ratio of the stance times indicate an increasing weight support by the forelimbs (i.e., 59% at PW9 vs. 63% at PW51). The observed ontogenetic changes in trunk shape and average limb angle were consistent with this cranial shift in weight support.J. Exp. Zool. 321A:254–264, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.