bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent everolimus administration for malignant insulinoma
Authors: Baratelli Chiara , Brizzi Maria Pia , Tampellini Marco , Scagliotti Giorgio Vittorio , Priola Adriano , Terzolo Massimo , Pia Anna , Berruti Alfredo 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Insulinoma is a rare form of insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cell neuroendocrine (NE) tumor. The medical treatment of the malignant NE disease of the pancreas deeply changed in the last years, thanks to the introduction of new target molecules, as everolimus. Even if the exact mechanism is not actually known, one of the side effects of everolimus, hyperglycemia, has been demonstrated to be useful to contrast the typical hypoglycemia of the insulinoma. We report the case of a patient with a metastatic malignant insulinoma treated with intermittent everolimus, obtaining an important improvement in the quality of life; this suggests the necessity of preclinical studies to analyze the cellular pathways involved in insulin-independent gluconeogenesis.

Learning points

Effect of somatostatin analogs is long-lasting in the control of functioning NE tumors.

Persistent everolimus control of hypoglycemia despite serum insulin levels and disease progression.

Open issue: are disease progression and the increase in serum markers the only valid criteria to reject a treatment?
Histologically confirmed isolated IgG4-related hypophysitis: two case reports in young women
Authors: Sosa Gabriela Alejandra , Bell Soledad , Christiansen Silvia Beatriz , Pietrani Marcelo , Glerean Mariela , Loto Monica , Lovazzano Soledad , Carrizo Antonio , Ajler Pablo , Fainstein Day Patricia 
Published: September 2014

Summary
IgG4-related hypophysitis is a recently described entity belonging to the group of IgG4-related diseases. Many other organs can also be affected, and it is more common in older men. To date, 32 cases of IgG4-related hypophysitis have been reported in the literature, 11 of which included confirmatory tissue biopsy and the majority affecting multiple organs. The aim of this report is to present two cases of biopsy-proven IgG4-related hypophysitis occurring in two young female patients with no evidence of involvement of other organs at the time of diagnosis.

Learning points

IgG4-related hypophysitis belongs to the group of IgG4-related diseases, and is a fibro-inflammatory condition characterized by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells and storiform fibrosis.

It is more common in older men, but young women may also present this type of hypophysitis.

Although involvement of other organs is frequent, isolated pituitary disease is possible.

Frequent clinical manifestations include anterior hypopituitarism and/or diabetes insipidus.

The diagnosis may be confirmed with any of the following criteria: a pituitary biopsy with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, with more than ten IgG4-positive cells; a sellar mass and/or thickened pituitary stalk and a biopsy-proven involvement of another organ; a sellar mass and/or thickened pituitary stalk and IgG4 serum levels >140 mg/dl and sellar mass reduction and symptom improvement after corticosteroid treatment.

Glucocorticoids are recommended as first-line therapy.
The dilemma of the gender assignment in a Portuguese adolescent with disorder of sex development due to 17β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 3 enzyme deficiency
Authors: Costa Carla , Castro-Correia Cíntia , Mira-Coelho Alda , Monteiro Bessa , Monteiro Joaquim , Hughes Ieuan , Fontoura Manuel 
Published: September 2014

Summary
The development of male internal and external genitalia in an XY fetus requires a complex interplay of many critical genes, enzymes, and cofactors. The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 3 (17βHSD3) is present almost exclusively in the testicles and converts Delta 4-androstenodione (Δ4) to testosterone. A deficiency in this enzyme is rare and is a frequently misdiagnosed autosomal recessive cause of 46,XY, disorder of sex development. The case report is of a 15-year-old adolescent, who was raised according to female gender. At puberty, the adolescent had a severe virilization and primary amenorrhea. The physical examination showed a male phenotype with micropenis and blind vagina. The Tanner stage was A3B1P4, nonpalpable gonads. The karyotype revealed 46,XY. The endocrinology study revealed: testosterone=2.38 ng/ml, Δ4>10.00 ng/ml, and low testosterone/Δ4 ratio=0.23. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdominal–pelvic showed the presence of testicles in inguinal canal, seminal vesicle, prostate, micropenis, and absence of uterus and vagina. The genetic study confirmed the mutation p.Glu215Asp on HSD17B3 gene in homozygosity. The dilemma of sex reassignment was seriously considered when the diagnosis was made. During all procedures the patient was accompanied by a child psychiatrist/psychologist. The teenager desired to continue being a female, so gonadectomy was performed. Estrogen therapy and surgical procedure to change external genitalia was carried out. In this case, there was a severe virilization at puberty. It is speculated to be due to a partial activity of 17βHSD3 in the testicles and/or extratesticular ability to convert Δ4 to testosterone by 17βHSD5. Prenatal exposure of the brain to androgens has increasingly been put forward as a critical factor in gender identity development, but in this case the social factor was more important for the gender assignment.

Learning points

In this case, we highlight the late diagnosis, probably because the patient belongs to a poor family without proper primary medical care.

We emphasize the psychological and social aspects in the sex assignment decision.
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2014–2015
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Byington Carrie L. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. 
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for routine use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual seasonal influenza immunization for all people 6 months and older, including all children and adolescents. Highlights for the upcoming 2014–2015 season include the following:
The influenza vaccine composition for the 2014–2015 season is unchanged from the 2013–2014 season. Both trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines are available in the United States for the 2014–2015 season. Annual universal influenza immunization is indicated with either a trivalent or quadrivalent vaccine (no preference). Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) should be considered for healthy children 2 through 8 years of age who have no contraindications or precautions to the intranasal vaccine. If LAIV is not readily available, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) should be used; vaccination should not be delayed to obtain LAIV. The dosing algorithm for administration of influenza vaccine to children 6 months through 8 years of age reflects that virus strains in the vaccine have not changed from last season.
As always, pediatricians, nurses, and all other health care personnel should be immunized themselves and should promote influenza vaccine use and infection control measures. In addition, pediatricians should promptly identify clinical influenza infections to enable rapid antiviral treatment, when indicated, to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Quantum Confinement Effects in Calcium Sulfide: The Role of Indirect Transitions in the Red Shift of the Band Edge in Semiconductor Nanoparticles
Authors: Rivera-Vázquez Daniel , Santiago-Rodríguez Yohaselly , González Miguel A. , Castro-Rosario Miguel E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCalcium sulfide (CaS) nanoparticles are cadmium free fluorescent nanostructures with potential applications in nanomedicine and photovoltaic cells. We report on the synthesis and optical properties of CaS nanoparticles prepared by the reaction of Ca(CH3CO2)2and DMSO in a microwave. The absorption spectra of CaS prepared from this method consists of a well-defined peak in the UV and a long wavelength tail that extends above 700 nm. Emission bands centered at around 500 nm with a long wavelength tail that extends above 600 nm are observed upon excitation at 405 nm. STM measurements reveal the formation of CaS nanoparticles with an average diameter of (3.2 ± 0.7) nm. The direct and indirect band gaps are estimated to be (0.403 ± 0.003) eV and (4.135 ± 0.006) eV, respectively. Theoretical calculations on small CaS clusters are used to establish the physical properties of calcium sulfide nanoclusters, including the optical absorption spectra. Unique to CaS nanostructures is the absorption of light at wavelengths longer that in the bulk material instead of the blue shift associated with quantum confinement effects in semiconductors. Indeed, the strong absorption bands in the visible region of the spectra of the CaS nanostructures do not have a counterpart in the gas or solid phases. The optical absorption spectra are proposed to have a significant contribution from indirect transitions which are discussed in terms of the dispersion of the phonon frequency.
Effects of Doping on the Growth of ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Yan Yanfa , Liu P. , Romero M.J. , Al-Jassim M.M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report on the effects of doping on the growth of ZnO nanostructures. We find that the incorporation of dopants, such as Si, Li, and Na, usually lead to reduced quality of ZnO nanostructures. Although doping with Li and Na results in the formation of facets on ZnO nanostructures, doping of Si often reduces dramatically the quantity of ZnO nanostructures. The formation of facets on ZnO nanostructures is found to significantly affects the cathodoluminescence emissions of the nanostructures.
Wybór Biskupa Rzymskiego w perspektywie jedności Kościoła
Authors: Majer Piotr 
Published: September 2014

This article includes a deepened presentation and a commentary on some elements of the procedure of the election of the Pope, which underline the unity of the believers’ community. It is a unity in the sense of a participation of the whole Church in the election process, and secondly in that a special strengthening of the Pope to fulfill the ministry of unity of the Christ’s Church is accomplished by his election. The elements in question are as follows: entrusting of the election of the Bishop of the Church of Rome to the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, a majority of votes necessary for a valid election of the bishop of Rome, and a spiritual dimension of a conclave, as well as a calling directed to all the Faithful to participate in this special act.
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie w ustawodawstwie państwa polskiego
Authors: Dyduch Jan 
Published: September 2014

On April 19th, 2009 Pope Benedict XVI erected the Pontifical University. The next vital step was to introduce the university, that is, both the fact of its existence and its activity, into Polish law.The required procedure was held in both chambers of the Polish Parliament in cooperation with the Polish Government. The special financial law was enacted by the Sejm (380 members of the chamber were in favor, 412 were voting), and by the Senat (86 members of the chamber were in favor, 87 were voting).The law in question recognized the decision of the Pope and introduced the name of the academic institution, which is the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, into Polish law system and granted the university funds from the public finance according to the same rules, which apply to the public universities in Poland.
Wykonywanie władzy delegowanej kilku lub wielu osobom (kan. 140–141 KPK)
Authors: Dzierżon Ginter 
Published: September 2014

In the presented article the author made detailed interpretation of can. 140–141 CIC which concerning power delegated to one or many persons. He pointed out that the rules included in these canons are supposed to guarantee „collision - free” realization of the one’s duties.The author proved that the dispositions concerning power delegated in solidum and consecutively are not of a nature of an annulling act (can. 140 § 1, 141 CIC). He believes that what the legislator tried to avoid by using such legislative techniques was invalidity of actions taken by other delegated persons.On the other hand, the directives included in can. 140 § 2 CIC concerning collegial delegation are of a nature of an annulling act. This, however, results not from the content of the canon but rather from the nature of things since a collegiate act is substantially not a sum acts of particular people but a new act.
Rozum i wiara a małżeństwo. Znaczenie ścisłej tożsamości pomiędzy węzłem małżeńskim a jego wymiarem sakramentalnym w małżeństwie ochrzczonych (kan. 1055 § 2)
Authors: Wójcik Andrzej 
Published: September 2014

The article discusses the meaning of the canonical and theological principle of the identity between marriage bond and sacrament in the case of two baptized persons. First the author presents a historical and contemporary tendency to draw an artificial border line between human nature along with its requirements and positive law, for which the requirements should be one of the sources. Next he shows in what way the dissociative tendency helps separate the domain of reason from the domain of faith, which converge at the point where nature demands obedience from reason. Then the author demonstrates the impact of the dissociation on the understanding of the relation between a natural and a sacramental aspect of marriage. In this context the author discusses the specific nature of the sacrament of matrimony as compared with six other sacraments and the character of the matrimonial consent in the perspective of its object, that is sacramental marriage. Specifically, he focuses on the idea of indirectness in the “cause-effect” relation between the matrimonial consent and sacramental dimension of marriage. In the concluding part of the article the author enters into polemics with the criticism aimed at such an understanding of indirectness – called an “anti-personalist sacramental automatism” – which apparently belittles the significance of the influence of faith on the efficacy of the matrimonial consent. The polemics incorporates the theses formulated by John Paul II in his theology of the body and strives at showing a close relationship between a “sacramental” dimension of the natural marriage and the sacramental dimension of Christian marriage. This, in turn, serves the author to show the relationship between reason and faith and to formulate a brief pastoral conclusion.
Za Boskim Oblubieńcem. Teologiczno-liturgiczny sens dziewictwa konsekrowanego
Authors: Królikowski Janusz 
Published: September 2014

The article deals with the subject of searching the nature of the consecrated virginity in the Church. This analysis is based on the theological and liturgical aspects defined by Ordo Consecrationis Virginum and Ordo Professionis Religiosae. Therefore we take the assumption that the most appropriate criterion of its interpretation in the Christian reality can be found in the principle: lex orandi – lex credendi. From this perspective the consecrated virginity is perceived as positive reality as far as faith celebration is concerned. The liturgy describes virginity as a gift offered to man by God’s people. Faith is also a prize and through the liturgy it is able reach its highest point. Virginity glorified in the Christian reality becomes a present as well as it is not only connected with but also filled with faith. Virginity consecrated under liturgical circumstances gains both ontological and dynamic features typical of worship. This sequentially allows to understand that virginity is not simply the result of ascetic effort, nor it is the physical adornment of a believer. In fact it spreads on the whole person who is being revived by sacraments. It makes them improve by personal commitment marking their route through the history of salvation.
Die Ökologie der Person – Kantische Motive des Personbegriffs in Karol Wojtyłas Person und Tat
Authors: Waleszczuk Zbigniew 
Published: September 2014

Apart from many legitimate concerns about ecology, the most important contemporary concern should be of anthropological nature and must address the human being as a person (Benedikt XVI). What is man? Are human beings free? What should human beings do? These Kantian questions also describe the main starting points of Karol Wojtyła’s philosophy in The Acting Person.With regard to the importance of the question (ecology of man) our challenge is divided into three parts. First, man is a person; second, his call is to liberty and last, responsible love is an emanation of personal dignity. In this manner the three important points in Wojtyła’s philosophy (person, liberty, love) are well characterized. The essence of man is his personal dignity as a source for the possibility of free (responsible) decisions – “the act”. The experience of morality is included in the experience of being a person. Wojtyła poses the question “how do I understand who I am throughout my acts?” Like Kant, the author emphasizes the importance of free will, conscientiousness as an obligation, which speaks to the conscious person. I determine myself through my own decision (person´s actions). For Wojtyła, participation in love is the basis of all human personal experiences. “Only persons participate in love”. Participation in the character of the other becomes – in the language of Wojtyła – “the choice of the other person in myself ”.
Kontemplacja a poznanie w filozofii Plotyna
Authors: Stróżyński Mateusz 
Published: September 2014

Plotinus’ mysticism is a controversial field of study. While some scholars see in it the essential aspect of his system, others consider it to be of little importance. Interpretations of the “mystical union” with the One also differ from monistic to theistic, and the debate seems to be far from an ultimate conclusions. This paper is an attempt to find a different approach to this problem, namely, by examining relationships between contemplation (which appears to be a more useful term than “mystical experience”) and knowledge in the system of Plotinus. It is suggested that the two main types of contemplation are “noetic” contemplation, which is a paradigm for knowledge and derives from Plato’s and Aristotle’s account of noesis, and “hypernoetic” contemplation which is a borderline phenomenon for ancient philosophy, because it is a state of beatifying unknowing. While noetic contemplation is more typical of Western philosophy, hypernoetic contemplation is a phenomenon similar to what Eastern mystical religions strive for. Even though Plotinus’ philosophy seems to incorporate an experience that is central to the Eastern thought, the author of the Enneads remains a profoundly Western thinker, trying to put the state of contemplative unknowing in the context of intellectual, rational pursuit of truth and happiness.
Spór o Kartezjusza. Polemika B. Wyszesławcewa z J. Maritainem, dotycząca znaczenia filozofii Kartezjusza dla nowożytnej duchowości europejskiej
Authors: Augustyn Leszek 
Published: September 2014

The article deals with the debate which took place in 1931 in Paris and was published in the same year in Cahier de la Quinzaine. The main adversaries were Jacques Maritain and Boris Vysheslavtsev. The French and the Russian philosopher discussed the nature and significance of Cartesian heritage for contemporary philosophy and culture. Maritain accuses Descartes of detachment from traditional philosophy, which resulted in a grave fallacy. Vysheslavtsev in turn argues that the 17th-century philosopher set forth a path on which it is possible to overcome the errors he is accused of. His reductive method led him towards the phenomenology of the “I” and the Absolute, revealing the specificity of the relation between the two. He stopped halfway, however, assuming the two sides of that relation to be separate elements. Thus he found himself in an ambiguous position, thinking in fact more than he was able to enunciate within the intellectual culture of his time. Referring to that polemic, Nikolai Berdyaev points out that, surprisingly, it is the French Neo-Thomist who formulates a severe indictment of Descartes, while the Russian philosopher attempts to defend him. The situation appears even more intriguing in view of the hostility that Russian philosophy has always shown towards all forms of rationalism, especially artesianism. Despite that, it is the Russian religious thinker who defends the creator of modern rationalism and even incorporates some of his philosophical intuitions into his own philosophical reflections. What then does this controversy consist in? And what is it in Cartesian philosophy that Vysheslavtsev appreciated and Maritain failed to notice?
Beauty and Art in Solovjev (1850–1903) and in Bulgakov (1874–1948). Does Beauty Save the World?
Authors: Breckner Katharina 
Published: September 2014

In Solovjev beauty is substance. He suggests „beauty” and „the good” to be Siamese twins and predicts that beauty will transform „material being” to a „moral order”, thus saves the world! The essay examines Solovjev’s eschatology that in fact denotes a special view of Creation: Creation awaits continuation by man’s ability to create beauty. Beauty in nature arises by the cosmic representative of Divine „All-unity”, by the sun. In human life man’s consciousness is to overtake the sun’s cosmic role and create beauty by re-creating in life. The relationship between the animals’ and human consciousness signifies the same relation as beauty in nature versus beauty in life: we should change our attitude towards nature, which doubtlessly is an ecumenical, ecological, and universally modern request. The formation of a righteous society springs off nature’s and society’s permanent spiritualisation by the sun-like lucidity of human ideas that brightly illuminate nature and matter. Solovjev’s eschatology holds that nature’s creation has not ended after Seven Days, but nature yields the seeds to co-Creatorship. This is precisely why man should change his attitude towards nature by spiritually enlivening it. The Churches’ unification, the future Universal Church, the manifestation of „All-unity”, would of course correlate to beauty.Co-creatorship, man’s task and ability to re-create beauty by changing his attitude towards nature doubtlessly belongs into the spheres of theurgy. This is the point where Sergej Nikolaevich Bulgakov entered the discussion with Solovjev and made quite a different point. He corrected Solovjev by insisting that only God’s descending acts into this world make theurgy, make continuous Creation possible. Basically, theurgy depends on God’s will. However, God’s „theurgic descent” and, as he called it, man’s „sophianic ascent” may join together and generate the possibility of co-creatorship, another of Christanity’s miracles. This, the intersecting of ascending and descending wills and wishes is what Bulgakov called „Sophia-urgy”.Diametrically opposed to Solovjev, Bulgakov defended that God entrusted theurgic might to the Church exclusively. Man – through the Church’s mediation – is merely „recipient” of theurgy, never its „creator”. The Eucharist sacrament shelters „sophianic” knowledge that is needed to begin the world’s transformation into beauty. „Spiritual beauty” is not of this world, but it is bound to the Eucharist, the cradle of life. Beauty in Bulgakov, and in Solovjev, is another expression for the spiritual reunification of the created and the Uncreated, in short the re-arrival of original beauty. Similar to Solovjev also Bulgakov hoped for nature’s spiritualisation as condition sine qua non to beauty’s future reign. Only, he focused on the Church’s tasks to reincarnate Sophia, the beauty of God’s Wisdom, on earth.