bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale distribution of oxygen puddles in 1/8 doped YBa2Cu3O6.67
Authors: Ricci Alessandro , Poccia Nicola , Campi Gaetano , Coneri Francesco , Caporale Alessandra Stella , Innocenti Davide , Burghammer Manfred , Zimmermann Martin v. , Bianconi Antonio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDespite intensive research a physical explanation of high Tc superconductors remains elusive. One reason for this is that these materials have generally a very complex structure making useless theoretical models for a homogeneous system. Little is known on the control of the critical temperature by the space disposition of defects because of lack of suitable experimental probes. X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering experiments used to investigate y oxygen dopants in YBa2Cu3O6+y lack of spatial resolution. Here we report the spatial imaging of dopants distribution inhomogeneity in YBa2Cu3O6.67 using scanning nano X-ray diffraction. By changing the X-ray beam size from 1 micron to 300 nm of diameter, the lattice inhomogeneity increases. The ordered oxygen puddles size distribution vary between 6–8 nm using 1 × 1 μm2 beam, while it is between 5–12 nm with a fat tail using the 300 × 300 nm2 beam. The increased inhomogeneity at the nanoscale points toward a network of superconducting puddles made of ordered oxygen interstitials.
Interferon regulatory factor 3 controls interleukin-17 expression in CD8 T lymphocytes
Authors: Ysebrant de Lendonck Laure , Tonon Sandrine , Nguyen Muriel , Vandevenne Patricia , Welsby Iain , Martinet Valerie , Molle Céline , Charbonnier Louis-Marie , Leo Oberdan , Goriely Stanislas 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 is one of the key transcription factors implicated in innate antiviral responses. In recent years its role in shaping adaptive immune responses through activation of a specific transcriptional program in antigen-presenting cells has been appreciated. In this work we show that within CD8 T cells, IRF3 interacts with the transcriptional network that controls their polarization, thereby limiting the capacity of these cells to produce IL-17. These findings shed light on the functions of IRF3 in adaptive immune responses.
Inhibitory role of the transcription repressor Gfi1 in the generation of thymus-derived regulatory T cells
Authors: Shi Lewis Zhichang , Kalupahana Nishan S. , Turnis Meghan E. , Neale Geoffrey , Hock Hanno , Vignali Dario A. A. , Chi Hongbo 
Published: August 2013

SignificanceThymic development of regulatory T cells (Treg) is a crucial event for immune homeostasis. Despite extensive descriptions of molecular pathways functioning within Tregcells, little is known how Tregdevelopment is shaped by the control of extrinsic factors. Here, we show that the transcription factor growth factor independent 1 (Gfi1) restrains thymic generation of Tregcells. Loss of Gfi1 led to aberrant production of the cytokine IL-2. Elevated IL-2 then drove the expansion of Tregcells. Accordingly, deficiency of Gfi1 dampened antitumor immunity. Our results establish that Gfi1 actively controls thymocyte IL-2 production, thereby shaping thymic generation of Tregcells.
Odor representations in the olfactory bulb evolve after the first breath and persist as an odor afterimage
Authors: Patterson Michael Andrew , Lagier Samuel , Carleton Alan 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Even when presented with steady stimuli, sensory systems respond dynamically, including adaptation or responses after the stimuli are gone (afterimages). To measure these dynamics in smell, we recorded electrical signals from the mouse brain. We found that the neuronal representation of odors changes between breaths, and not by simple adaptation, showing that the olfactory system also undergoes these dynamics. After the end of the odor, the brain continued responding, showing that there are olfactory afterimages. Finally, we tried to isolate where afterimages are generated and found that, while the nose has some contribution, afterimages are mainly maintained in the brain.
Arf guanine nucleotide-exchange factors BIG1 and BIG2 regulate nonmuscle myosin IIA activity by anchoring myosin phosphatase complex
Authors: Le Kang , Li Chun-Chun , Ye Guan , Moss Joel , Vaughan Martha 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) alters actomyosin contractility and cell mobility. Finding that myosin IIA interacted directly with brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (BIG)1 and BIG2, best known as activators of ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPases for intracellular vesicular trafficking, we showed that BIG1 or -2 depletion increased RLC phosphorylation, which interfered with cell mobility independent of Arf activation. By acting noncatalytically as scaffolds for the assembly and operation of multimolecular phosphatase complexes that included phosphatase 1δ and myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1, BIG1 and BIG2 contribute to regulation of F-actin formation and cytoskeleton dynamics required for cell polarization and directed migration.
Experiments on the role of deleterious mutations as stepping stones in adaptive evolution
Authors: Covert Arthur W. , Lenski Richard E. , Wilke Claus O. , Ofria Charles 
Published: August 2013

Significance
It might seem obvious that deleterious mutations must impede evolution. However, a later mutation may interact with a deleterious predecessor, facilitating otherwise inaccessible adaptations. Although such interactions have been reported before, it is unclear whether they are rare and inconsequential or, alternatively, are important for sustaining adaptation. We studied digital organisms—computer programs that replicate and evolve—to compare adaptation in populations where deleterious mutations were disallowed with unrestricted controls. Control populations achieved higher fitness values because some deleterious mutations acted as stepping stones across otherwise impassable fitness valleys. Deleterious mutations can thus sometimes play a constructive role in adaptive evolution.
Spatiotemporal Predictive Models for Juvenile Southern Flounder in Texas Estuaries
Authors: Froeschke Bridgette F. , Tissot Philippe , Stunz Gregory W. , Froeschke John T. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma supports a multimillion dollar commercial and recreational fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. Despite its economic importance, the Southern Flounder population has been declining for decades. To improve the management of this fishery, both population trends and changes in environmental conditions need to be considered. Using two different statistical modeling techniques, boosted regression tree (BRT) and artificial neural network (ANN), a 29-year fisheries-independent record of juvenile Southern Flounder abundance in Texas was examined to illustrate how environmental factors influence the temporal and spatial distribution of juvenile Southern Flounder. Boosted regression trees show the presence of juvenile Southern Flounder is closely associated with relatively low temperatures, low salinity levels, and high dissolved oxygen concentrations. Both ANN and BRT models resulted in high predictive performance with slight spatial differences in predicted distribution. Both models suggested high probability of occurrence in Galveston Bay and East Matagorda Bay. The ANN accurately predicted higher probability of occurrence in Sabine Lake compared with the BRT model. Our results will provide tools for fisheries managers to enhance management and sustainability of the Southern Flounder population. Moreover, these results also identify a predictive framework for proactive approaches to ecosystem management by providing more data to identify essential habitat features and understanding relationships between abiotic and biotic factors within those habitats.
Received October 16, 2012; accepted May 22, 2013
Juvenile Movement among Different Populations of Cutthroat Trout Introduced as Embryos to Vacant Habitat
Authors: Andrews Tessa M. , Shepard Bradley B. , Litt Andrea R. , Kruse Carter G. , Zale Alexander V. , Kalinowski Steven T. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Translocations are frequently used to increase the abundance and range of endangered fishes. One factor likely to affect the outcome of translocations is fish movement. We introduced embryos from five Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi populations (both hatchery and wild) at five different locations within a fishless watershed. We then examined the movement of age-1 and age-2 fish and looked for differences in movement distance among source populations and among introduction sites; we also examined the interactions among age, population, and introduction site. At age 1, most individuals (90.9%) remained within 1,000 m their introduction sites. By age 2, the majority of individuals (58.3%) still remained within 1,000 m of their introduction site, but considerably more individuals had moved downstream, some more than 6,000 m from their introduction site. We observed a significant interaction between age and source population (F 4, 1077 = 15.45, P &lt; 0.0001) as well as between age and introduction site (F 41, 1077 = 11.39, P &lt; 0.0008), so we presented results in the context of these interactions. Within age-groups, we observed differences in movement behavior among source populations and among donor populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout. We discuss these findings in light of previous research on juvenile salmonid movement.
Received April 20, 2012; accepted June 3, 2013
Mortality of Palmetto Bass Following Catch-and-Release Angling
Authors: Petersen Matthew J. , Bettoli Phillip W. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Palmetto bass (Striped Bass Morone saxatilis × White Bass M. chrysops) have been stocked into reservoirs in the southeastern USA since the late 1960s and have gained widespread acceptance as a sport fish. These fisheries are growing in popularity and catch-and-release (CR) fishing is commonplace; however, there is a dearth of information on CR mortality of palmetto bass. We experimentally angled palmetto bass (n = 56; &gt;373-mm TL) in a Tennessee reservoir using traditional angling gear in water temperatures ranging from 13°C to 32°C. Ultrasonic transmitters equipped with floats were externally attached to fish, which were released immediately and tracked multiple times within 10 d of release. Mortality was negligible (3.6%) in fall and spring at cool water temperatures but was high (39.3%) in summer when water temperatures exceeded 26°C. The best logistic regression model based on Akaike's information criterion for small sample sizes scores relied on water temperature alone to predict CR mortality of palmetto bass; there was little support for other models that included all possible combinations of the six other predictor variables we tested. Palmetto bass in our study experienced lower CR mortality than Striped Bass in other systems, but CR mortality rates for palmetto bass that approach or exceed 40% during summer are still problematic if the goal is to maintain fishing quality.
Received February 20, 2013; accepted June 2, 2013
MeltDB 2.0–advances of the metabolomics software system
Authors: Kessler Nikolas , Neuweger Heiko , Bonte Anja , Langenkämper Georg , Niehaus Karsten , Nattkemper Tim W. , Goesmann Alexander 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMotivation: The research area metabolomics achieved tremendous popularity and development in the last couple of years. Owing to its unique interdisciplinarity, it requires to combine knowledge from various scientific disciplines. Advances in the high-throughput technology and the consequently growing quality and quantity of data put new demands on applied analytical and computational methods. Exploration of finally generated and analyzed datasets furthermore relies on powerful tools for data mining and visualization.Results: To cover and keep up with these requirements, we have created MeltDB 2.0, a next-generation web application addressing storage, sharing, standardization, integration and analysis of metabolomics experiments. New features improve both efficiency and effectivity of the entire processing pipeline of chromatographic raw data from pre-processing to the derivation of new biological knowledge. First, the generation of high-quality metabolic datasets has been vastly simplified. Second, the new statistics tool box allows to investigate these datasets according to a wide spectrum of scientific and explorative questions.Availability: The system is publicly available at https://meltdb.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de. A login is required but freely available.Contact: nkessler@cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de
Inflammatory cytokines in chronic heart failure: interleukin‐8 is associated with adverse outcome. Results from CORONA
Authors: Nymo Ståle H. , Hulthe Johannes , Ueland Thor , McMurray John , Wikstrand John , Askevold Erik T. , Yndestad Arne , Gullestad Lars , Aukrust Pål 
Published: August 2013

AimWe investigated the ability of prototypical inflammatory cytokines to predict clinical outcomes in a large population of patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsSerum levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), soluble TNF receptors type I and II (sTNF‐RI and sTNF‐RII), and the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were analysed in 1464 patients with chronic ischaemic systolic HF in the CORONA study, aged ≥ 60 years, in NYHA class II–IV, and related to the primary endpoint (n = 320), as well as any coronary event (n = 255), all‐cause mortality (n = 329), cardiovascular (CV) mortality (n = 268), and the composite endpoint hospitalization from worsening heart failure (WHF) or CV mortality (n = 547). TNF‐α, sTNF‐RI, sTNF‐RII, and IL‐8, but not MCP‐1, were independent predictors of all endpoints except the coronary endpoint in multivariable models including conventional clinical variables. After further adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate, the ApoB/ApoA‐1 ratio, NT‐proBNP, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, only IL‐8 remained a significant predictor of all endpoints (except the coronary endpoint), while sTNF‐ RI remained independently associated with CV mortality. Adding IL‐8 to the full model led to a significant improvement in net reclassification for all‐cause mortality and CV hospitalization, but only a borderline significant improvement for the primary endpoint, CV mortality, and the composite endpoint WHF hospitalization or CV mortality.ConclusionOur study supports a relationship between IL‐8 and outcomes in patients with chronic HF. However, the clinical usefulness of IL‐8 as a biomarker in an unselected HF population is at present unclear.
Effects of non‐Newtonian Rabinowitsch fluids in wide parallel rectangular squeeze‐film plates
Authors: Lin Jaw‐Ren , Hung Chi‐Ren , Chu Li‐Ming , Liaw Wei‐Liang , Lee Ping‐Hui 
Published: August 2013

PurposeIn the present paper, the authors aim to analyze the non‐Newtonian effects of Rabinowitsch fluids on the squeeze film performances between wide parallel rectangular plates.Design/methodology/approachBased on the cubic‐stress equation model, a nonlinear squeeze‐film Reynolds‐type equation has been derived. By using a small perturbation method, a closed‐form solution of the squeeze film characteristics is derived for the parallel plates considering the non‐Newtonian effects of cubic stresses.FindingsComparing with the Newtonian‐lubricant parallel plates, the effects of non‐Newtonian cubic‐stress flow rheology provide significant influences upon the squeeze film characteristics.Originality/valueIt is shown that the non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior reduces the load capacity and the response time; however, the effects of non‐Newtonian dilatant lubricant provide an increase in the load‐carrying capacity and therefore lengthen the response time of parallel squeeze‐film plates.
Formal and informal CPAs on business strategy and performance
Authors: Liu Cheng Menita , Wu Jianfeng , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine corporate political activities (CPA) by migrant entrepreneurs to improve business performance in a host developing country.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a cross‐sectional analysis of 97 Chinese migrant entrepreneurs with business operations in a host developing economy.FindingsA significant positive relationship was found between formal CPAs and performance.Research limitations/implicationsTo further deepen the examination of CPAs, new quantification methodologies have to be applied to properly measure CPA relational strength, investment intensity and diversity.Practical implicationsThe results enable migrant entrepreneurs to make a more educated decision on the type of CPAs to pursue and to what intensity.Social implicationsThe results could motivate migrant entrepreneurs to adapt rapidly to the host country's formal customs to facilitate socio‐economic adaptation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to literature by examining both formal and informal CPAs, their inter‐relationship and their effects on migrant businesses, which have not been examined previously.
Engaging junior doctors: evidence from “open spaces” in England
Authors: McWilliams Claire , Manochin Melina M. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to report on a project undertaken in order to identify, develop and reflect on the leadership and managerial skills of clinicians. The main aim of the project was to design, plan, organise and deliver a learning session for Foundation Year 2 Doctors within the premises of one of the largest NHS Foundation Trusts in the UK. The key theme of the learning session was the introduction of the notion of competent medical leadership in the NHS. A leadership role has been traditionally seen as the task of managers and as such clinicians have seemed reluctant to engage.Design/methodology/approachA two hour workshop was designed and delivered with the use of Open Space Technology. Foundation Year 2 doctors were invited to consider the importance of leadership in their everyday roles. An awareness of the Medical Leadership Competency Framework had been a key aspect of the learning session.FindingsThe project's outcome can be identified as being the encouragement of Foundation Year 2 doctors in considering their roles as leaders in their everyday tasks.Originality/valueDesign, planning, organisation and delivery of a two hour Open Space learning session with the Foundation Year 2 doctors portrays the session's learning potentials and the potential for such sessions to provide a platform for difficult discussions in the NHS. This is particularly beneficial where a cultural shift is needed in order to see a way forward, notably when facing significant change.
Effects of employees' perceptions on the relationship between HR practices and firm performance for Korean firms
Authors: Choi Jang‐Ho , Lee Khan‐Pyo 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the internal process by which high performance work systems (HPWSs) affect firm performance. It attempts to show the mediating effect of employee job satisfaction in the human resource (HR)‐performance link and also to show the moderating effect of employees' perception on the effectiveness of HPWSs.Design/methodology/approachUsing a nationally representative data set from Korea (firm‐level samples: 245 firms, employee‐level samples: 6,709), this study analyses the mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between HPWSs and firm performance with ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis and examines the moderating effect of employee perceptions with OLS and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).FindingsResults show that: there are positive associations between HPWSs and firm performance and between HPWSs and job satisfaction; job satisfaction has a mediating effect in the HR‐Performance link; and employees' perceptions of the effectiveness of HR practices moderate these relationships.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the study are the measurement of HR practices, omitted variable problem, and generalizability of the results in this study. Scholars argue for the positive effect of HPWSs on firm performance and managers attempt to introduce HPWSs in their firms, but most of them do not fully understand what happens in the HR‐performance link. This study demonstrates that job satisfaction is a “black box” in the linkage between HPWSs and firm performance and may inform managers of appropriate policy levers that, if manipulated appropriately so that employees feel the effectiveness of HPWSs, can help the firm achieve more desirable organizational outcomes.Originality/valueMany scholars argue that research to examine the internal process in the HR‐performance link is essential for rigorous elaborations of SHRM‐related theories, but few studies have investigated this issue. This study reveals the mediating and moderating mechanisms through which the HR‐performance link exerts its influence.
Preparedness, Crisis Management and Policy Change: The Euro Area at the Critical Juncture of 2008–2013
Authors: Braun Benjamin 
Published: August 2013

Research Highlights and Abstract This article contributes to the literature on ideational and institutional change at critical junctures more generally, and in the context of economic crises in particular. In the context of explosive economic crises critical junctures should be conceptualised as consisting of two distinct phases—a phase of emergency crisis management and a subsequent phase of purposeful institution building. The analytical significance of the crisis management phase lies in its tendency to create path dependencies for subsequent ideational entrepreneurs and institution building efforts. Crisis management is always ‘bricolage’. However, in order to understand why certain tools are ‘at hand’ during a crisis, one needs to take into account the variable of crisis preparedness. Contingency planning for non-normal times is a constitutive aspect of any economic policy paradigm. The empirical analysis shows that the euro area's lack of preparedness caused the ECB to assume a dominant position during the emergency phase of the crisis. This windfall gain in power for the ECB has already begun to shape the future institutional architecture of the EMU. Focusing on the experience of the euro area in general, and the ECB in particular, this article argues that in the context of explosive financial crises a phase of emergency crisis management precedes the phase of purposeful institution building. Importantly for our understanding of policy change, crisis management measures create their own path dependencies. However, albeit often improvised, crisis management decisions are not entirely contingent. The article therefore introduces the notion of preparedness, which measures the extent to which the pre-crisis policy paradigm was prepared for the joint occurrence of, in this case, a systemic banking crisis and a sovereign debt crisis. The analysis shows that the Euro area's lack of preparedness caused the ECB to assume a dominant position in the euro area during the emergency phase of the crisis. This windfall gain in power for the ECB has already begun to shape the future institutional architecture of the EMU.