bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the biosynthesis of platelets‐derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Antwi‐Baffour Samuel , Adjei Jonathan , Aryeh Claudia , Kyeremeh Ransford , Kyei Foster , Seidu Mahmood A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlatelet‐derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are described as sub‐cellular vesicles released into circulation upon platelets shear stress, activation, injury, or apoptosis. They are considered as universal biomarkers in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. They are of tremendous significance for the prediction, diagnosis, and observation of the therapeutic success of many diseases. Understanding their biosynthesis and therefore functional properties would contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms leading to various diseases in which their levels are raised and they are implicated. The review takes a critical look at the historical background of PEVs, their structural components, the mechanism of their formation, physiological, and exogenous stimuli inducing their release and their detection. It concludes by highlighting on the importance of undertaking in‐depth studies into PEVs biosynthesis and subsequently gaining a better understanding of their biological role in general.
Decreased expression of CD200R3 on mouse basophils as a novel marker for IgG1‐mediated anaphylaxis
Authors: Iwamoto Hiroshi , Matsubara Takeshi , Nakazato Yuki , Namba Kazuyoshi , Takeda Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIgE‐mediated mast cell activation is the trigger of anaphylaxis in humans, whereas it is known that not only IgE but also IgG can induce anaphylaxis in mice. In our preliminary experiments, the expression of a murine basophil identification marker, CD200R3, on antigen‐sensitized basophils decreased following specific antigen challenge. Interestingly, this decrease did not always correspond with increased expression of the IgE‐mediated basophil activation marker CD200R1. Since IgG as well as IgE plays a role in mouse anaphylaxis, we hypothesized that the observed decrease in CD200R3 on basophils was caused by IgG‐mediated cell activation. We attempted to establish whether CD200R3 is a marker of IgG‐mediated basophil activation and if its expression is correlated with anaphylaxis in a mouse model. Mouse basophils were stimulated via FcϵRs and/or FcγRs, and levels of CD200R1 and CD200R3 were analyzed by flow cytometry. Basophils derived from naive mice were challenged with a natural antigen, β‐lactoglobulin, after passive sensitization with anti‐β‐LG serum or IgG/IgG subclass‐depleted antiserum. Systemic anaphylaxis was induced by i.v. injection of anti‐FcγRIII/II monoclonal antibody, and CD200R3 expression on peripheral basophils was assessed. Stimulation via FcϵRs induced a significant increase in CD200R1 expression but had only a small effect on that of CD200R3. However, anti‐FcγRIII/II stimulation reduced CD200R3 expression markedly. In passive sensitization experiments, down‐regulation of CD200R3 induced by antigen challenge was strongly negated by the depletion of IgG or IgG1 from antiserum. Intravenous injection of anti‐FcγRIII/II induced CD200R3 down‐regulation on peripheral basophils, together with a drop in rectal temperature. Lowered CD200R3 expression on basophils is induced by IgG‐mediated stimulation via FcγRs. Use of CD200R1 and CD200R3 as activation markers enables the evaluation of murine basophil activation mediated by IgE and IgG, respectively.
Sharp IV Bounds on Average Treatment Effects on the Treated and Other Populations Under Endogeneity and Noncompliance
Authors: Huber Martin , Laffers Lukas , Mellace Giovanni 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn the presence of an endogenous binary treatment and a valid binary instrument, causal effects are point identified only for the subpopulation of compliers, given that the treatment is monotone in the instrument. With the exception of the entire population, causal inference for further subpopulations has been widely ignored in econometrics. We invoke treatment monotonicity and/or dominance assumptions to derive sharp bounds on the average treatment effects on the treated, as well as on other groups. Furthermore, we use our methods to assess the educational impact of a school voucher program in Colombia and discuss testable implications of our assumptions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sacrificial process for fabrication of biodegradable polymer membranes with submicron thickness
Authors: Beardslee Luke A. , Stolwijk Judith , Khaladj Dimitrius A. , Trebak Mohamed , Halman Justin , Torrejon Karen Y. , Niamsiri Nuttawee , Bergkvist Magnus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new sacrificial molding process using a single mask has been developed to fabricate ultrathin 2‐dimensional membranes from several biocompatible polymeric materials. The fabrication process is similar to a sacrificial microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process flow, where a mold is created from a material that can be coated with a biodegradable polymer and subsequently etched away, leaving behind a very thin polymer membrane. In this work, two different sacrificial mold materials, silicon dioxide (SiO2) and Liftoff Resist (LOR) were used. Three different biodegradable materials; polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), and polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA), were chosen as model polymers. We demonstrate that this process is capable of fabricating 200‐500 nm thin, through‐hole polymer membranes with various geometries, pore‐sizes and spatial features approaching 2.5 µm using a mold fabricated via a single contact photolithography exposure. In addition, the membranes can be mounted to support rings made from either SU8 or PCL for easy handling after release. Cell culture compatibility of the fabricated membranes was evaluated with human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) seeded onto the ultrathin porous membranes, where the cells grew and formed confluent layers with well‐established cell‐cell contacts. Furthermore, human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) cultured on these scaffolds showed similar proliferation as on flat PCL substrates, further validating its compatibility. All together, these results demonstrated the feasibility of our sacrificial fabrication process to produce biocompatible, ultra‐thin membranes with defined microstructures (i.e., pores) with the potential to be used as substrates for tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1192–1201, 2016.
Hepatic resection for gastric cancer liver metastases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Petrelli Fausto , Coinu Andrea , Cabiddu Mary , Ghilardi Mara , Borgonovo Karen , Lonati Veronica , Barni Sandro 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundResection of liver metastases from gastric cancer (GC) is rarely performed, and the outcome after hepatic surgery has not been systematically evaluated in the literature. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of outcome and prognostic factors for survival after liver metastasectomy for GC.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of published studies that focused on long‐term outcomes (5‐year overall survival [OS]) after surgical management of liver metastases from GC, and included more than 10 patients each. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for variables considered as potential prognostic factors for OS in at least three publications.ResultsTwenty‐three studies comprising a total of 870 patients were considered in this analysis. The pooled weighted median OS was 22 months (95%CI 17.6–27.2). The pooled 5‐year OS after liver resection was 23.8% (95%CI 19–29.3%). The pooled 5‐year OS rates for metachronous and synchronous metastases were 30% (95%CI 24.7–35.8%) and 22.6% (95%CI 14–34.4%), respectively. Parameters associated with poor survival were (i) multiple metastases, and (ii) large size of metastases.ConclusionsHepatic resection of GC liver metastases is associated with an acceptable 5‐year OS, in particular after surgery of metachronous lesions, and could be offered to selected patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:1021–1027. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
n‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against pancreatic β‐cell damage due to ER stress and prevent diabetes development
Authors: Wang Jie , Song Mi‐Young , Bae Ui‐Jin , Lim Jung Min , Kwon Keun Sang , Park Byung‐Hyun 
Published: June 2015

ScopeIn this study, we focus on the effects of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on tunicamycin‐, streptozotocin‐, or high fat diet (HFD)‐induced β‐cell damage and dysfunction.Materials and methodsPretreatment with n‐3 PUFAs protected RINm5F cells and mouse islets against tunicamycin‐induced β‐cell damage through suppression of ER stress and apoptosis induction. This protective effect of n‐3 PUFAs on β‐cells was further demonstrated by the normalization of insulin secretion in response to glucose in tunicamycin‐treated islets. In multiple low‐dose streptozotocin‐induced diabetes models, fat‐1 mice, which endogenously synthesize n‐3 PUFAs from n‐6 PUFAs, were fully resistant to the development of diabetes, with normal islet morphology, high insulin immunoreactivity, and decreased apoptotic cells. In HFD‐induced diabetes models, fat‐1 mice also exhibited improved glucose tolerance and functional β‐cell mass. In both diabetes models, we observed an attenuation of ER stress in fat‐1 mice. Interestingly, n‐3 PUFAs attenuated the nuclear translocation of lipogenic transcription factors sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 (SREBP‐1) and C/EBPβ, induced by tunicamycin or HFD, suggesting that n‐3 PUFAs suppress ER stress via modulation of SREBP‐1 and C/EBPβ.ConclusionTogether, these results suggest that n‐3 PUFAs block ER stress, thus protecting β cells against diabetogenic insult; therefore, dietary supplementation of n‐3 PUFAs has therapeutic potential for the preservation of functional β‐cell mass.
Outcome measures in intervention trials for adults with autism spectrum disorders; a systematic review of assessments of core autism features and associated emotional and behavioural problems
Authors: Brugha Traolach S. , Doos Lucy , Tempier Althea , Einfeld Stewart , Howlin Patricia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA systematic review was conducted of outcome measures used in treatment trials for older adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Of 818 titles only 30 articles (19 of which involved pharmacological treatments) were identified that met inclusion criteria (sample size > 5; mean age of group > 15 years; mean IQ > 30; ASD diagnosis confirmed; use of objective ASD outcome measures; focus on symptoms core to or typically associated with ASDs). Selected studies included randomized and placebo‐controlled trials, retrospective assessment studies, case series and open label or case‐control trials. Use of outcome measures varied with frequent use of non‐standardized assessments, very little use of measures designed specifically for individuals with ASD or of instruments focusing on core ASD deficits, such as communication or social functioning. Most commonly used were the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating scale and the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS). The strengths or deficiencies of the outcome measures used were not systematically evaluated.Although there are now many well controlled treatment trials for children with ASDs, adult intervention research is very limited. The lack of valid and reliable outcome measures for adults with ASDs compromises attempts at treatment evaluation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Painful cramps and giant myotonic discharges in a family with the Nav1.4‐G1306A mutation
Authors: Torbergsen Torberg , Jurkat‐Rott Karin , StÅLberg Erik V. , Løseth Sissel , Hødneø Anne , Lehmann‐Horn Frank 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Two previously reported Norwegian patients with painful muscle cramps and giant myotonic discharges were genotyped and compared with those of members of 21 families harboring the same mutation. Methods: Using primers specific for SCN4A and CLCN1, the DNA of the Norwegian family members was amplified and bidirectionally sequenced. Clinical and neurophysiological features of other families harboring the same mutation were studied. Results: A G1306A mutation in the Nav1.4 voltage‐gated sodium channel of skeletal muscle was identified. This mutation is known to cause myotonia fluctuans. No giant myotonic discharges or painful muscle cramps were found in the other G1306A families. Conclusions: Ephaptic transmission between neighboring muscle fibers may not only cause the unusual size of the myotonic discharges in this family, but also a more severe type of potassium‐aggravated myotonia than myotonia fluctuans. Muscle Nerve 52: 680–683, 2015
Impact of alloying duration of an electrodeposited Cu/Sn/Zn metallic stack on properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 absorbers for thin‐film solar cells
Authors: Jiang Feng , Ikeda Shigeru , Tang Zeguo , Minemoto Takashi , Septina Wilman , Harada Takashi , Matsumura Michio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe impacts of preheating of an electrodeposited Cu/Sn/Zn (CTZ) stack precursor on structural changes of the CTZ precursor and the impact on structural and electric properties of the finally obtained Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films are discussed in detail. We found that preheating for relatively long durations improved the qualities of CZTS films: these films were composed of large grains and had compact and flat surface morphologies. The best solar cell with efficiency of 8.1% was obtained on the basis of a CZTS film derived from the CTZ precursor preheated for 200 min. The external quantum efficiency response of the cell indicated efficient utilization of photons with relatively long wavelength regions because of its good structural and electronic properties. On the other hand, a short circuit current density–temperature property of one of the best cells in this study suggested that the CZTS film had deep acceptor levels and/or an appreciable energy barrier to the Mo back contact. Moreover, an open circuit voltage–temperature property of the corresponding device showed activation energy of 1.18 eV, indicating preferential occurrence of CdS–CZTS interface recombination. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly transparent modulated surface textured front electrodes for high‐efficiency multijunction thin‐film silicon solar cells
Authors: Tan Hairen , Moulin Etienne , Si Fai Tong , Schüttauf Jan‐Willem , Stuckelberger Michael , Isabella Olindo , Haug Franz‐Josef , Ballif Christophe , Zeman Miro , Smets Arno H. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo further increase the efficiency of multijunction thin‐film silicon (TF‐Si) solar cells, it is crucial for the front electrode to have a good transparency and conduction, to provide efficient light trapping for each subcell, and to ensure a suitable morphology for the growth of high‐quality silicon layers. Here, we present the implementation of highly transparent modulated surface textured (MST) front electrodes as light‐trapping structures in multijunction TF‐Si solar cells. The MST substrates comprise a micro‐textured glass, a thin layer of hydrogenated indium oxide (IOH), and a sub‐micron nano‐textured ZnO layer grown by low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD ZnO). The bilayer IOH/LPCVD ZnO stack guarantees efficient light in‐coupling and light trapping for the top amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) solar cell while minimizing the parasitic absorption losses. The crater‐shaped micro‐textured glass provides both efficient light trapping in the red and infrared wavelength range and a suitable morphology for the growth of high‐quality nanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si:H) layers. Thanks to the efficient light trapping for the individual subcells and suitable morphology for the growth of high‐quality silicon layers, multijunction solar cells deposited on MST substrates have a higher efficiency than those on single‐textured state‐of‐the‐art LPCVD ZnO substrates. Efficiencies of 14.8% (initial) and 12.5% (stable) have been achieved for a‐Si:H/nc‐Si:H tandem solar cells with the MST front electrode, surpassing efficiencies obtained on state‐of‐the‐art LPCVD ZnO, thereby highlighting the high potential of MST front electrodes for high‐efficiency multijunction solar cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parents' Migration and Children's Subjective Well‐being and Health: Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Murphy Rachel , Zhou Minhui , Tao Ran 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study examines differences in children's subjective well‐being and health across the full range of family structures that have emerged in China's rural areas because of parental labour migration. It uses original cross‐sectional survey data collected in 2010 in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces from children aged 8–17 years, as well as from their teachers and guardians (n = 992). The results indicate no significant difference between ‘left‐behind’ children and other children for satisfaction with life events. However, the results do demonstrate that left‐behind children fare worse than children who live with both parents for behaviour at school, confidence in the realisation of future goals, loneliness, and health. The results further reveal that who migrates matters for children's well‐being. Specifically, children with two migrant parents fare worse than children with only one migrant parent for several dimensions of well‐being including behaviour and loneliness. Meanwhile, the children of lone migrant mothers fare worse than all other children for selected measures, most notably health. Following other scholars, our analyses underscore the sensitivity of the results to the dimension of child well‐being measured and to who provides the evaluation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Younger Adults and Homeownership in Europe Through the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Lennartz Christian , Arundel Rowan , Ronald Richard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the context of poorly performing national economies and sustained employment insecurity since the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2008, various UK and US studies have suggested that the transitions of younger people into independent living and into homeownership, in particular, have been in decline. Testing the wider validity of these findings for western European countries, this paper uses cross‐sectional European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data to deconstruct to what extent and on which basis pre‐crisis to post‐crisis changes in the living arrangements of 18–34‐year olds have varied across 15 European Union countries. Our results confirm a common trend towards diminishing access to homeownership, bringing about larger rental sectors in many countries. Yet, we are far from observing the rise of a ‘Generation Rent’, because the stronger transformation process is one towards a higher share of younger adults living in co‐residence with their parents. Our empirical study further demonstrates that the directions of these shifts may vary strongly across countries, where the crisis has in some cases undermined existing residential patterns and forced realignment in the living arrangements among younger generations. Moreover, the study suggests that, although higher post‐crisis declines in young‐age homeownership is also associated with adverse labour market conditions, it seems to be primarily the volatility of more financialised housing markets that lead to increasing difficulties for younger people to realise housing property ownership. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of inflow conditions on turbine loading and wake structures predicted by large eddy simulations using exact geometry
Authors: Zhou Nina , Chen Jun , Adams Douglas E. , Fleeter Sanford 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA large eddy simulation was performed on an National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) phase VI wind turbine (10 m diameter), using the exact blade geometry, to determine the influence of different inflow conditions on the aerodynamic loadings and the near wake characteristics. The effects of the three inflow conditions, uniform inflow, linear wind shear and linear wind shear with turbulence, are investigated. Wind shear causes periodic variations in power and aerodynamic loading with an additional force component exerted along the lateral direction. Significant separation occurs in the high wind region on the suction side of the blades, resulting in unstable loading in off‐design inflow conditions. Because of the shear effect between the near‐blade tip vortex and ambient flow, the strong vortex core in the helical structure dissipates and transforms into a continuous vorticity sheet when x/D > 1.5. The combination of inflow turbulence and wind shear enhances the turbulence generation mechanism in the near wake, where energy is withdrawn from large wake structures and converted into energy of small‐scale structures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐linear ultimate strength and stability limit state analysis of a wind turbine blade
Authors: Rosemeier Malo , Berring Peter , Branner Kim 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAccording to the design codes for wind turbine blades, it is sufficient to evaluate the blade's limit states using solely a linear analysis. This study, however, shows the need of non‐linear analyses in blade design. Therefore, a geometrically non‐linear structural response of a 34 m blade under flap‐wise loading has been compared with a linear response to determine the blade's resistance in the ultimate strength and stability limit states. The linear analysis revealed an unrealistic failure mechanism and failure mode. Further, it did not capture the highly non‐linear response of the blade that was measured in an ultimate full‐scale test to failure and determined by a geometrically non‐linear analysis. A design evaluation in accordance with the least stringent Germanischer Lloyd (GL) requirements has been compared with non‐linear approaches proposed by GL and Eurocode, which require the application of an imperfection. The more realistic non‐linear approaches yielded more optimistic results than the mandatory linear bifurcation analysis. Consequently, the investigated blade designed after the lesser requirements was sufficient. Using the non‐linear approaches, considering inter‐fibre failure as the critical failure mode, yielded still a significant safety margin for the designer (7–28%). The non‐linear response was significantly dependent on the scaling of the imperfection. Eurocode's method of applying an imperfection appeared more realistic than the GL method. Since the considered blade withstood 135% of the design load at a full‐scale test to failure and the blade has operated successfully in the field, GL's safety factors combined with the imperfection size may be too conservative. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.