bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving winter survival of interspecific hybrid bermudagrass in the Mid‐Atlantic region through cultural practices
Authors: Doherty Joseph R. , Hutchens Wendell J. , Booth Jordan C. , McCall David S. , Battaglia Michael V. , DeBoer Eric J. , Roberts Joseph A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWinter injury can cause significant loss of hybrid bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] in the transition zone. Current research has focused on high‐value, low‐acreage areas like putting greens, but those practices are impractical to implement on golf course fairways. To that end, multi‐year research projects were conducted at three sites across Maryland and Virginia to investigate the influence of annual N fertility [2.0 lb N 1000 ft−2 (early summer application) or 4.0 lb N 1000 ft−2 (split applied early and late summer)] across multiple fall mowing heights (0.5 inches, 0.8 inches, or 1 inch) and to elucidate the effects of wetting agent (fall, fall + winter, or none) and irrigation (0.5 inches irrigation at <15% soil volumetric water content [VWC] or none) applications during dormancy on reducing winter injury of hybrid bermudagrass. Dry‐down experiments were also conducted using plugs collected from field trials to impose an artificial freeze event and elucidate the effects of soil VWC on winter injury. Turfgrass quality and percent green cover were evaluated regularly as the turfgrass entered dormancy and throughout spring green‐up each year. Late‐season N applications helped retain fall green coverage without increasing winter injury and increasing fall mowing height did not impact winter injury. Temporary increase in soil VWC increased bermudagrass survival after a short‐term freeze event and prevented root biomass loss. These studies demonstrate late‐season N applications can help retain green color and increasing soil VWC prior to a short‐term freezing event can greatly reduce winter injury.
Numerical study of gas–solid flow characteristics of cylindrical fluidized beds based on coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM method
Authors: Tang Zhong , Li Zhenzhong , Huang Shanglong , Yang Chen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe existing researches lack the comprehensive comparison of the performance of two‐fluid model (TFM) and computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element model (CFD‐DEM) using a cylindrical fluidized bed as a research object. In addition, the applicability of rotational periodic boundary conditions in CFD‐DEM simulations of cylindrical fluidized beds is still unclear. Therefore, taking cylindrical fluidized bed as the object and studying the performance of different simulation methods can provide guidance for the selection of simulation methods in subsequent related studies. In the present study, TFM and coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM were used in simulations of the fluidized bed to evaluate the performance of different numerical methods. Furthermore, the applicability of rotating periodic boundary conditions in CFD‐DEM simulations was investigated. The results show that TFM and coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM perform in general agreement in predicting macro variables (e.g., overall pressure drop and bed height). However, radial void fraction distribution and void fraction probability density function (PDF) distribution of CFD‐DEM agreed better with the experimental data. CFD‐DEM simulations with rotational periodic boundary conditions applied showed lower predicted void fraction PDF peaks at packed bed heights and poorly modelling particle mixing in the central of cylindrical fluidized bed due to changes in the boundary conditions as well as the number of particle parcels. Therefore, both TFM and CFD‐DEM can obtain reasonable macro variables, but CFD‐DEM predicted more accurate gas–solid two‐phase distribution. The CFD‐DEM with rotating periodic boundary conditions could not reasonably predict the pressure drop and gas–solid two‐phase distribution inside the cylindrical fluidized bed.
Cu Nanowires Encapsulated by ZIF67 for Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate
Authors: Guo Chengyu , Shen Long‐Yun , Tang Yujun , Ciucci Francesco , Tang Zhenghua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrochemical NO3− reduction reaction (NO3RR) represents a green and sustainable way to produce valuable NH3 for both NH3 production and nitrate contaminant removal, and developing efficient, durable, highly selective catalyst is the key. Herein, we report a facile method to fabricate a catalyst composed of ultrafine Cu nanowires (Cu NWs) encapsulated by ZIF67, namely, CuNW@ZIF67, for efficient NH3 electrosynthesis from nitrate. The CuNW@ZIF67 catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward NO3RR in alkaline electrolyte, manifested by a large NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 93.7 % at −0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a high energy efficiency over 30 % at −0.7 V, and robust long‐term stability. Such intriguing catalytic properties are mainly ascribed to its structural merits and the strong electronic interaction between Cu NWs and ZIF67. DFT calculations revealed that, the Cu site can easily convert NO3− into NO2−, while the Co site plays a critical role in catalyzing the NO2−‐to‐NH3 process. The study can shed light on rational design of efficient, durable, and highly selective catalysts for NO3RR and beyond.
Real‐time bit‐line leakage balance circuit with four‐input low‐offset SA considering threshold voltage for SRAM stability design
Authors: Peng Chunyu , Hu Wei , Zheng Hao , Lu Wenjuan , Dai Chenghu , Wu Xiulong , Lin Zhiting , Chen Junning 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn an SRAM, threshold voltages of transistors decrease as the CMOS process technology scales down into the nanometer scale, which causes the leakage currents on the bit‐lines. The bit‐line leakage current slows reading operations or even causes reading errors. In this paper, we proposed a new scheme called RTB, which is combined with a four‐input low‐offset sense amplifier with threshold voltage consideration to solve the problem caused by bit‐line leakage current. This scheme adopts 8T cells and two pairs of bit‐lines connected to a four‐input sense amplifier to balance the bit‐line leakage current in real‐time. In this way, the maximum tolerable bit‐line leakage current can be effectively increased and the reading operation can be accelerated. Simulations in the 55 nm CMOS process design kits under different process corners, temperatures, and voltages show that the proposed scheme can increase the maximum tolerable leakage to more than 300 μA.
Shear‐modified ion‐acoustic instability in ionospheric multi‐ion plasmas
Authors: Shahzad K. , Aman‐ur‐Rehman  , Ali S. , Hamza Muhammad Yousaf 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe linear properties of the low‐frequency ion‐acoustic (IA) waves are studied in a collisionless magnetoplasma using both fluid and kinetic descriptions in the presence of particle shear flows and field‐aligned currents. Two different compositions of plasmas such as and are analyzed under the drift approximation and plan wave solution. Calculating a generalized linear dispersion function, shear‐modified IA waves are investigated with various limiting cases. In contrast, relying on the kinetic treatment, a generalized dielectric response function is also solved to study the real frequency and growth rate of the shear‐modified IA waves. Numerically, it is shown that a small concentration of negative hydrogen ions in the oxygen ionospheric plasma may lead to an increase in the growth rate and real frequency of the IA waves. The growth rate of negative hydrogen ion plasma is relatively found larger than that of positive hydrogen ion plasma. It is also noted that growth rate increases significantly with field‐aligned flow of lighter species as compared with heavier ones. The magnitudes of the wave frequency and growth rate become larger when plasma species stream in the same direction as compared with counter‐streaming of plasma species. Additionally, the shear flow modifies the profiles of wave instability and IA oscillations are greatly influenced by the same and opposite sides' particle shear flows. The growth rate increases as the shear flow increases, resulting in wider curves. The present findings are important for understanding the low‐frequency electrostatic excitations in upper ionospheric plasma, where particle shear flows are common.
Persistent inner tepals and wings protect developing seeds of Rheum nanum from insect herbivory in Central Asian cold deserts
Authors: Li Yuting , Mamut Jannathan , Xie Kaiqing , Zhao Jing , Tan Dunyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough the postdispersal functions of diaspore (fruit and its appendages) have been reported, little is known about their protective/defensive functions. In this context, diaspores with appendages (persistent inner tepals and/or fruit wings) that experienced predispersal herbivory by insects in natural populations of Rheum nanum were investigated, and the seed abortion percentage, seed and embryo masses, and germination of seeds from diaspores with different categories of insect herbivory were measured and compared. Predispersal insect herbivory of R. nanum diaspores was prevalent in the four investigated populations, but the percentage of diaspores with appendages (persistent inner tepals and and/or fruit wings) damaged by insects was significantly higher than that of diaspores with the pericarp damaged by insects. Seeds from diaspores with gnawed appendages experienced significantly less damage than those with gnawed pericarps. Importantly, we conclude that fruit appendages of R. nanum help to mechanically protect developing seeds from predispersal insect herbivory.
Peat profile database from peatlands in Canada
Authors: Bauer Ilka E. , Davies Marissa A. , Bona Kelly A. , Hararuk Oleksandra , Shaw Cindy H. , Thompson Daniel K. , Kurz Werner A. , Webster Kara L. , Garneau Michelle , McLaughlin Jim W. , Packalen Maara S. , Prystupa Emily , Sanderson Nicole K. , Tarnocai Charles 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeatlands cover approximately 12% of the Canadian landscape and play an important role in the carbon cycle through their centennial‐ to millennial‐scale storage of carbon under waterlogged and anoxic conditions. In recognizing the potential of these ecosystems as natural climate solutions and therefore the need to include them in national greenhouse gas inventories, the Canadian Model for Peatlands module (CaMP v. 2.0) was developed by the Canadian Forest Service. Model parameterization included compiling peat profiles across Canada to calibrate peat decomposition rates from different peatland types, to define typical bulk density profiles, and to describe the hydrological (i.e., water table) response of peatlands to climatic changes. A total of 1217 sites were included in the dataset from published and unpublished sources. The CORESITES table contains site location and summary data for each profile, as well as an estimate of total carbon mass per unit area (in megagrams of C per hectare). Total carbon mass per unit area at each location was calculated using bulk density and carbon content through each profile. The PROFILES table contains data for depth (in centimeters), bulk density (in grams per cubic meter), ash and carbon content (in percentage), and material descriptions for contiguous samples through each peat profile. Data gaps for bulk density and C content were filled using interpolation, regression trees, and assigned values based on material description and/or soil classification to allow for the estimation of total carbon mass per unit area. A subset of the sites (N = 374) also have pH and pore water trace‐elemental geochemistry data and are found in the WATER table. The REFERENCES table contains the full citation of each source of the data and is linked to each core location through the SOURCEDATA table. The LOOKUP table defines codes in the database that required more space that what was sufficient in the metadata tables. The data can be accessed on Open Government Canada and will be useful for future work on carbon stock mapping and ecosystem modeling. All metadata and data are provided © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2023 and information contained in this publication may be reproduced for personal or public noncommercial purposes with attribution, whereas commercial reproduction and distribution are prohibited except with written permission from NRCan; complete details are noted in the Supporting Information file Metadata (see Class III.B.3: Copyright restrictions).
Efficacy of Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Ahmed Mushood , Jain Hritvik , Javaid Hira , Ahsan Areeba , Szilagyi Szabolcs , Ahmad Adeel , Ahmed Raheel 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with or without Type 2 diabetes and heart failure (HF). However, studies have shown conflicting evidence regarding their efficacy in patients following acute myocardial infarction (MI). We conducted a pilot systematic review and meta‐analysis to synthesise the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in MI.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library and Embase databases to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared clinical outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo following MI. We conducted the statistical analysis using RevMan, version 5.4 and pooled risk ratios (RRs) along the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for all outcomes.ResultsFive RCTs reporting data for 11,211 patients were included in our study. The mean follow‐up duration was 43.8 weeks. Our pooled analysis showed that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of hospitalisations for heart failure (HHF) (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.88, p = 0.001) in patients with MI. However, the risk of all‐cause mortality (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.78–1.41, p = 0.76), CV mortality (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.84–1.29, p = 0.73) and all‐cause hospitalisations (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96–1.17, p = 0.25) remained comparable across the two groups.ConclusionSGLT2 inhibitors reduce HHF without affecting all‐cause mortality, CV mortality and all‐cause hospitalisations. However, further evidence is required to reach a definitive conclusion.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and heart failure: A comprehensive bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhang Yayun , Feng Lu , Guan Xin , Zhu Zixiong , He Yubin , Li Xuewen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are significant global health issues with a complex interrelationship. This study investigates their shared biomarkers and causal relationships using bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches.MethodsWe analysed NAFLD and HF datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The GSE126848 dataset included 57 liver biopsy samples [14 healthy individuals, 12 obese subjects, 15 NAFL patients and 16 non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients]. The GSE24807 dataset comprised 12 NASH samples and 5 healthy controls. The GSE57338 dataset included 313 cardiac muscle samples [177 HF patients (95 ischaemic heart disease patients and 82 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients) and 136 healthy controls]. The GSE84796 dataset consisted of 10 end‐stage HF patients and 7 healthy hearts procured from organ donors. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Functional pathways were elucidated through enrichment analyses using Gene Ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and GeneMANIA annotation. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for HF and NAFLD were sourced from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The HF dataset included 486 160 samples (14 262 experimental and 471 898 control), and the NAFLD dataset comprised 377 988 samples (4761 experimental and 373 227 control). MR analysis investigates the causal interrelations.ResultsOur analysis revealed 4032 DEGs from GSE126848 and 286 DEGs from GSE57338. The top 10 hub genes (CD163, VSIG4, CXCL10, FCER1G, FPR1, C1QB, CCR1, C1orf162, MRC1 and CD38) were significantly enriched in immune response, calcium ion concentration regulation and positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis. CIBERSORT analysis indicated associations between these hub genes and natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. Transcription factor (TF) target prediction for CD38, CXCL10 and CCR1 highlighted related TFs. A two‐sample MR analysis confirmed a bidirectional causal relationship between NAFLD and HF. The main method [inverse variance weighted (IVW)] demonstrated a significant positive causal relationship between NAFLD and HF [P = 0.037; odds ratio (OR) = 1.024; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001 to 1.048]. Similarly, HF was associated with an increase in the risk of NAFLD (P < 0.001; OR = 1.117; 95% CI: 1.053 to 1.185).ConclusionsOur findings reveal novel molecular signatures common to NAFLD and HF and confirm their bidirectional causality, highlighting the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions and prompting further investigation into their intricate relationship.
Comprehensive effects of ammonia substitution rate, compression ratio, and ignition timing on knock, NOx emissions and indicated thermal efficiency in a hydrogen fuel engine
Authors: Li Junquan , Zhao Chengfei , Tu Zhangjun , Cheng Shanxu , Xu Yuanli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo reduce knock and keeping low NOx emissions and high indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) in a hydrogen fuel engine, the comprehensive effects of ammonia substitution rate (ASR), compression ratio (CR), and ignition timing (IT) on its combustion and its NOx emissions were studied numerically. Based on a four‐cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, it was modified into an ammonia/hydrogen dual‐fuel (AHDF) spark ignition (SI) engine. The simulation was conducted by GT‐Power software, and simulation data were validated through experiments. 2500 rpm_50% load was selected for the research. ASR, CR and IT vary from 0% to 20%, 10.5 to 8.5, and −24 to 0°CA ATDC, respectively. The findings indicate that increasing ASR decreases the maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) and the knock index (KI), improving the ITE, but increasing NOx emissions. Based on 20% ASR, CR was optimized. The findings indicate that decreasing CR reduces the MPRR and KI, but increasing NOx emissions and decreasing the ITE. Finally, based on CR of 9, IT was optimized. The findings indicate that delaying IT reduces the MPRR and KI, but also has a certain impact on NOx emissions and ITE. After compromise consideration, the optimal IT in this study was selected as −9°CA ATDC.
Long‐term forecasting of maritime economics index using time‐series decomposition and two‐stage attention
Authors: Kim Dohee , Lee Eunju , Kamal Imam Mustafa , Bae Hyerim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractForecasting the maritime economics index, including container volume and Baltic Panamax Index, is essential for long‐term planning and decision‐making in the shipping industry. However, studies on container volume prediction are not sufficient, and the bulk freight index has highly fluctuating characteristics, which pose a challenge in long‐term prediction. This study proposes a new hybrid framework for the long‐term prediction of the maritime economics index. The framework consists of time‐series decomposition to break down a time‐series into several components (trend, seasonality, and residual), a two‐stage attention mechanism that prioritizes important variables to increase long‐term prediction accuracy and a long short‐term memory network that predicts and combines all components to derive the final predictive outcome. Extensive experiments are conducted using the container volume data, bulk freight index data, and various external variables. The proposed framework achieved a better predictive performance than existing time‐series methods, including conventional machine learning and deep learning‐based models, in the long‐term prediction of container volume and the Baltic Panamax Index. Hence, the proposed method can help in decision‐making through accurate long‐term predictions of the maritime economics index.
Plant exosomes‐like nano‐vesicles: Characterization, functional food potential, and emerging therapeutic applications as a nano medicine
Authors: Matloob Anam , Gu Xinya , Rehman Sheikh Arooj , Javed Miral , Fang Zhongxiang , Luo Zisheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlant cells release exosome‐like nanovesicles (PENVs), which are small, membrane‐bound vesicles secreted by cells for intercellular interactions. These vesicles, rich in biologically active substances, are crucial for information transmission, intercellular interaction, and organism homeostasis conservation. They can also be used for treating diseases as large‐scale drug carriers due to their vesicular architecture. This study explores the isolation, potential of nanovesicles in creating bio‐therapeutic and drug‐delivery nano‐platforms to address clinical challenges. The bio‐therapeutic roles of PENVs, include immunomodulation, antitumor, regenerative impacts, wound healing, anti‐fibrosis, whitening effects, and treatment of intestinal flora disorders. This study also deliberates the potential for designing these nanovesicles into effective, safe, and non‐immunogenic nano‐vectors to carry drugs. PENVs may offer a cutting‐edge platform for the creation of functional foods and nutraceuticals. They might be employed to encapsulate certain bioactive substances produced from plants, offering tailored health privileges. It also elucidates the potential for the development of therapeutic and provision nano‐platforms based on PENVs in clinical applications.