bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of EGFR/ERCC1 Interaction Following Radiation-Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Liccardi Gianmaria , Hartley John A. , Hochhauser Daniel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurpose: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in cellular response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy through modulation of DNA repair. EGFR activates DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) stimulating repair of DNA strand breaks (SB) and interstrand crosslinks (ICL). We investigated the role of EGFR in repair of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced SB independently of DNA-PK.Experimental Design: The EGFR interactome was investigated via mass spectrometry. IR-induced EGFR–ERCC1 binding was validated biochemically and via proximity ligation assay in different cell lines including the M059K and M059J glioma cell lines, proficient and deficient for the expression of DNAPKcs, respectively. EGFR–ERCC1 functional significance following IR-induced SB was investigated in knockdown experiments with the Comet and γH2AX foci assays. The effect of this interaction was tested with EGFR–ERCC1 knockdown in combination with gefitinib and NU7026 using the MTT and apoptosis assays.Results: This study demonstrates that EGFR inhibition further impairs IR-induced DNA repair in cells lacking expression of DNAPKcs or in combination with the DNAPK inhibitor NU7026. Our data suggest a role for EGFR in DNA repair independent of DNAPKcs but dependent on ERCC1. Alkaline comet and γH2AX foci assays in cells depleted of EGFR, ERCC1, or EGFR–ERCC1 expression demonstrated involvement of this interaction in DNA repair. Cellular survival and apoptosis data correlate with levels of residual DNA damage underlying the importance of this complex following SB.Conclusion: These data emphasize the importance of understanding the various mechanisms by which EGFR modulates DNA repair to optimize targeted therapy for patients with cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(13); 3496–506. ©2014 AACR.
Increased Benefit of Interleukin-1 Inhibition on Vascular Function, Myocardial Deformation, and Twisting in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Coexisting Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ikonomidis Ignatios , Tzortzis Stavros , Andreadou Ioanna , Paraskevaidis Ioannis , Katseli Chrysoula , Katsimbri Pelagia , Pavlidis George , Parissis John , Kremastinos Dimitrios , Anastasiou-Nana Maria , Lekakis John 
Published: April 2014

Background—
We investigated the effects of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, on coronary and left ventricular function in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods and Results—

In a double-blind crossover trial, 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (60 with CAD and 20 without) were randomized to a single injection of anakinra or placebo and after 48 hours to the alternative treatment. At baseline and 3 hours after treatment, we assessed (1) flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery; (2) coronary flow reserve, ejection fraction, systemic arterial compliance, and resistance by echocardiography; (3) left ventricular global longitudinal and circumferential strain, peak twisting, untwisting velocity by speckle tracking; and (4) interleukin-1β, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and Fas/Fas ligand levels. At baseline, patients with CAD had 3-fold higher interleukin-1β, protein carbonyl, higher nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, and Fas/Fas ligand than non-CAD (
P
<0.05). After anakinra, there was a greater improvement of flow-mediated dilation (57±4% versus 47±5%), coronary flow reserve (37±4% versus 29±2%), arterial compliance (20±18% versus 2±17%), resistance (−11±19% versus 9±21%), longitudinal strain (33±5% versus 18±2%), circumferential strain (22±5% versus 13±5%), peak twisting (30±5% versus 12±5%), untwisting velocity (23±5% versus 13±5%), ejection fraction (12±5% versus 0.5±5%), apoptotic and oxidative markers, and, in particular, of protein carbonyl (35±20% versus 14±9%) in CAD than in non-CAD patients (
P
<0.01). No changes in the examined markers were observed after placebo.

Conclusions—
Interleukin-1 inhibition causes a greater improvement in endothelial, coronary aortic function in addition to left ventricular myocardial deformation and twisting in rheumatoid arthritis patients with CAD than in those without.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01566201.
Predisposing Factors Associated With Development of Persistent Compared With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sandhu Roopinder K. , Conen David , Tedrow Usha B. , Fitzgerald Kathryn C. , Pradhan Aruna D. , Ridker Paul M , Glynn Robert J. , Albert Christine M. 
Published: May 2014

Background

Once atrial fibrillation (
AF
) progresses to sustained forms, adverse outcomes increase and treatment success rates decrease. Therefore, identification of risk factors predisposing to persistence of
AF
may have a significant impact on
AF
morbidity.

Methods and Results

We prospectively examined the differential associations between traditional, lifestyle, and biomarker
AF
risk factors and development of paroxysmal versus nonparoxysmal
AF
(persistent/permanent) among 34 720 women enrolled in the Women's Health Study who were free of cardiovascular disease and
AF
at baseline.
AF
patterns were defined based on current guidelines and classified according to the most sustained form of
AF
within 2 years of diagnosis. During a median follow‐up of 16.4 years, 690 women developed paroxysmal
AF
and 349 women developed nonparoxysmal
AF
. In multivariable time‐varying competing risk models, increasing age (hazard ratio [
HR
] 1.11, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.13, versus
HR
1.08, 1.07 to 1.09, per year), body mass index (
HR
1.07, 1.05 to 1.09, versus
HR
1.03, 1.02 to 1.05, per kg/m
2
), and weight (
HR
1.30, 1.22 to 1.39, versus
HR
1.14, 1.08 to 1.20, per 10 kg) were more strongly associated with the development of nonparoxysmal
AF
compared with paroxysmal
AF
. Hemoglobin A1c levels at baseline were directly related to the development of nonparoxysmal
AF
but inversely associated with paroxysmal
AF
in multivariable competing risk models (
P
for nonequal association=0.01).

Conclusions

In women without
AF
or
CVD
at baseline, increasing age, adiposity, and higher hemoglobin A1c levels were preferentially associated with the early development of nonparoxysmal
AF
. These data raise the hypothesis that efforts aimed at weight reduction or glycemic control may affect the proportion of the population with sustained
AF
.
Long-Term Outcome of 106 Consecutive Pediatric Ruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations After Combined Treatment
Authors: Blauwblomme Thomas , Bourgeois Marie , Meyer Philippe , Puget Stéphanie , Di Rocco Federico , Boddaert Nathalie , Zerah Michel , Brunelle Francis , Rose Christian Sainte , Naggara Olivier 
Published: May 2014

Background and Purpose—
Childhood intracerebral hemorrhage is mainly attributable to underlying brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). Multimodal treatment options for bAVMs include microsurgery and embolization, allowing an immediate cure, and radiosurgery, entailing longer obliteration times. Follow-up data on pediatric ruptured bAVMs are scarce, making it difficult to assess the risk of subsequent intracerebral hemorrhage. Our aim was to assess the clinical and angiographic outcome and to analyze risk factors for rebleeding during and after combined treatment of pediatric bAVMs.

Methods—
A prospectively maintained database of children referred to our institution between January 1997 and October 2012 for bAVMs was retrospectively queried to identify all consecutive ruptured bAVMs treated by surgery, embolization, and radiosurgery. The impact of baseline clinical and bAVM characteristics on clinical outcome, rebleeding rate, annual bleeding rate, and bAVM obliteration was studied using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results—

One hundred six children with ruptured bAVMs were followed up for a total of 480.5 patient-years (mean, 4.5 years). Thirteen rebleeding events occurred, corresponding to an annual bleeding rate of 2.71±1.32%, significantly higher in the first year (3.88±1.39%) than thereafter (2.22±1.38%;
P
<0.001) and in the case of associated aneurysms (relative risk, 2.68;
P
=0.004) or any deep venous drainage (relative risk, 2.97;
P
=0.002), in univariate and multivariate analysis. Partial embolization was associated with a higher annual bleeding rate, whereas initial surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation was associated with a lower risk of rebleeding.

Conclusions—
Associated aneurysms and any deep venous drainage are independent risk factors for rebleeding in pediatric ruptured bAVMs. Immediate surgery or total embolization might be advantageous for children harboring such characteristics, whereas radiosurgery might be targeted at patients without such characteristics.
Intravenous Thrombolysis of Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Strbian Daniel , Sairanen Tiina , Silvennoinen Heli , Salonen Oili , Lindsberg Perttu J. 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
In middle cerebral artery occlusion, probability of recanalization after intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator thrombolysis (IVT) was reported to drop <1% for thrombi exceeding 8 mm. We aimed to evaluate the effect of thrombus length and location on success of recanalization after IVT in basilar artery occlusion.

Methods—
We evaluated 164 consecutive patients with angiography-proven basilar artery occlusion and available thrombus length. We excluded 24 patients who underwent endovascular treatment. All included patients (n=140) received IVT. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 2 to 3 was considered as successful recanalization.

Results—

Of the 140 included patients, 37 (26.4%) lacked post-treatment angiography, mostly because of early death. Of the remaining 103 patients, those with recanalization had shorter thrombi (median, 5.5 mm and mean, 9.7 mm) when compared with those with nonrecanalized (median, 15.0 mm and mean, 16.6 mm;
P
<0.001). Thrombi shorter than 10 mm had 70% to 80% probability of recanalization, whereas 10 to 20 mm, 20 to 30 mm, and >30 mm long thrombi had probabilities of 50% to 70%, 30% to 50%, and 20% to 30%, respectively. Patients with thrombi <10 mm (n=52) and recanalization had more frequently top-of-the basilar (92.5%) and less frequently caudal or midbasilar (7.5%) clot location (
P
=0.01). In multivariable analysis, thrombus length was independently associated with recanalization (
P
=0.001). Their relationship remained linear across all lengths.

Conclusions—
Although recanalization of basilar artery occlusion with IVT depends on thrombus length, its probability even in patients with thrombi >30 mm (20%–30%) was substantially higher than minimal recanalization of middle cerebral artery thrombi exceeding 8 mm. There was no threshold length, beyond which basilar artery occlusion recanalization with IVT could ad hoc be deemed hopeless.
Aristotle’s Two Cities: Reducing Diversity to Homogeneity
Authors: Güremen Refik 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
It has often been argued, in scholarly debate, that Aristotle’s denial of citizenship to the working population of his ideal city in Book VII of the Politics constitutes a fundamental injustice. According to this view, although it is true that their way of life prevents them from living a morally virtuous life, it does not follow that the working people are naturally devoid of the human qualities required for such a life. So, rather than finding a just way to distribute citizenship among the diversity a city’s population would naturally exhibit (as he does, to a certain extent, in Book III), Aristotle would commit himself to oligarchic measures in Book VII. In this article, it is argued that the main concern of Book VII is less with a just determination of the extent of citizenship (unlike Book III) than with conceiving the most efficient way for a city to be happy: this consists in establishing a community composed of individuals who lay claim to happiness in the same way and to the same degree. In other words, it consists in reducing the diversity of Book III to a certain kind of homogeneity.
Les difficultés d’interprétation de l’argument du plus fort dans le discours de Calliclès sur la justice
Authors: Safty Essam 
Published: April 2014

Résumé
L’examen de l’argument du plus fort tel qu’il fut soutenu par Calliclès dans le Gorgias de Platon permet de déceler trois difficultés majeures : l’invocation par le sophiste de l’exemple et de Darius et de Xerxès comme autant d’illustrations du droit du plus fort à dominer le plus faible, alors que les expéditions de ces rois perses contre les Scythes et les Grecs (en – 490 et en – 480 respectivement) furent d’illustres défaites ; la citation problématique d’un fragment interpolé de Pindare, où l’épisode du rapt par Héraclès des bœufs de Géryon paraît célébrer le droit du plus fort ; et, enfin, la subtile équation entre force, puissance et supériorité. Les critiques qui s’attachèrent à examiner ces contradictions conclurent souvent au caractère non probant voire dérisoire de la théorie callicléenne. À première vue, la démonstration callicléenne paraît effectivement irrationnelle, du fait notamment de l’incohérence dont sont constamment taxés ces arguments disant précisément le droit du plus fort. Or nous soutenons que, au-delà du voile de l’irrationnel, se dessine justement une linéarité et une vision conséquente qu’une intelligibilité partiale ou partielle du système moral et politique du sophiste reléguait souvent à l’ombre.
Response of Atmospheric Convection to Vertical Wind Shear: Cloud-System-Resolving Simulations with Parameterized Large-Scale Circulation. Part I: Specified Radiative Cooling
Authors: Anber Usama , Wang Shuguang , Sobel Adam 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
It is well known that vertical wind shear can organize deep convective systems and greatly extend their lifetimes. Much less is known about the influence of shear on the bulk properties of tropical convection in statistical equilibrium. To address the latter question, the authors present a series of cloud-resolving simulations on a doubly periodic domain with parameterized large-scale dynamics based on the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation. The horizontal-mean horizontal wind is relaxed strongly in these simulations toward a simple unidirectional linear vertical shear profile in the troposphere. The strength and depth of the shear layer are varied as control parameters. Surface enthalpy fluxes are prescribed.
The results fall in two distinct regimes. For weak wind shear, time-averaged rainfall decreases with shear and convection remains disorganized. For larger wind shear, rainfall increases with shear, as convection becomes organized into linear mesoscale systems. This nonmonotonic dependence of rainfall on shear is observed when the imposed surface fluxes are moderate. For larger surface fluxes, convection in the unsheared basic state is already strongly organized, but increasing wind shear still leads to increasing rainfall. In addition to surface rainfall, the impacts of shear on the parameterized large-scale vertical velocity, convective mass fluxes, cloud fraction, and momentum transport are also discussed.
A Comparison of Atmospheric Reanalysis Products for the Arctic Ocean and Implications for Uncertainties in Air–Sea Fluxes
Authors: Chaudhuri Ayan H. , Ponte Rui M. , Nguyen An T. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The uncertainties related to atmospheric fields in the Arctic Ocean from commonly used and recently available reanalysis products are investigated. Fields from the 1) ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), 2) Common Ocean–Ice Reference Experiment version 2 (CORE2), 3) Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis Project (JRA-25), 4) NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, 5) NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and 6) Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) are evaluated against satellite-derived and in situ observations for zonal and meridional winds, precipitation, specific humidity, surface air temperature, and downwelling longwave and shortwave radiation fluxes. Comparison to reference observations shows that for variables such as air temperature and humidity, all reanalysis products have similar solutions. However, other variables such as winds, precipitation, and radiation show large spreads. The magnitude of uncertainties in all fields is large when compared to the signal. Biases in Arctic cloud parameterizations and predicted temperature and humidity profiles in reanalyses as discussed in other studies are likely common sources of error that affect surface downwelling radiation, air temperature, humidity, and precipitation.
Methodology to Correct Wind Speed during Average Wind Conditions: Application to the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Montoya R. D. , Osorio A. F. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The spatial and temporal variability of ocean wind waves plays an important role in many engineering and environmental problems. Although research in this area has been improved in recent decades thanks to the emergence of satellite data, in many cases this information does not have the appropriate resolution for more detailed and local research. In view of this, reanalysis data developed by several meteorological agencies have appeared as a good alternative to force the most popular ocean wind-wave models. Thus, to achieve more accuracy in the data, the 60-yr Global Atmospheric Reanalysis 1 carried out by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) has been corrected, employing the vector correlation and triple collocation theories combined with information from different accurate sources. The comparison of wind speed with satellite and in situ buoy data before correction reveals an important underestimation for areas near the Colombian coast. The wind speed root-mean-square error (RMSE) between corrected data and satellite measurements at locations near the Colombian Caribbean coast without calibration is 3.8 m s−1, while for corrected data it is 2.0 m s−1, showing a decrease in the RMSE of almost 47%. For significant wave height for buoy 41194 (Barranquilla, Colombia), the RMSE between the modeled data and measurements without correction is 0.99 m, while for the corrected data it is 0.40 m, showing a decrease in the RMSE of almost 55%. The results obtained clearly show an increase in the accuracy of the calibrated wind speed.
Section for Residents and Fellows‐in‐Training Leaders: Where Are They Now?
Authors: Roby Brianne B. , Wilson Meghan N. , Raol Nikhila , Carter John , Kelley Kanwar , Deckard Nathan A. , Yoo Estelle S. , Dowdall Jayme R. 
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of prior governing council (GC) members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS) Section for Residents and Fellows‐in‐Training (SRF) and assess the impact of early Academy involvement. A survey was conducted via email on all prior AAO‐HNS SRF GC members. The AAO‐HNS SRF has elected 52 GC members since its 2003 inception. Each member served an average of 1.5 year‐long terms. The mean time since completion of training is 4.1 years. A subspecialty fellowship was pursued in 86%. Fifty‐seven percent practice in academic settings, with 3 members advancing to subspecialty division director within their department. More than half (58%) have served on an AAO‐HNS committee, and most are frequent attendees of the annual meeting. All prior members felt involvement in the SRF GC was beneficial, enabling them to gain leadership skills and deeper understanding of the specialty.
Poor Survival for American Indians with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dwojak Sunshine M. , Finkelstein Dianne M. , Emerick Kevin S. , Lee John H. , Petereit Daniel G. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo examine patient characteristics, treatment modalities, and human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence to identify potential mediators of disparities that may lead to differences in outcomes for American Indians with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingCommunity cancer centers.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed all patients older than 18 years with a new diagnosis of HNSCC in South Dakota from 1999 to 2009. We assessed tissue samples from cases of oropharyngeal cancer for the presence of HPV DNA.ResultsIn total, 474 white patients were compared with 32 American Indians. American Indians experienced significantly worse survival compared with whites (hazard ratio [HR], 0.59; P =. 05), even after controlling for other factors such as age, sex, distance, Charlson comorbidity index, alcohol abuse, smoking, insurance, and disease stage. American Indians had a greater risk of alcohol abuse (68% vs 42%; P =. 008), current smoking (67% vs 49%; P =. 03), living more than 1 hour from a cancer center (81% vs 30%; P <. 001), lacking private insurance (24% vs 68%; P <. 001), and late‐stage disease presentation (stages III and IV) (74% vs 55%; P =. 04). There were no detected differences in age, sex, medical comorbidities, tumor site, tumor grade, HPV status, time to treatment, or type of treatment received.ConclusionAmerican Indians in South Dakota with HNSCC have poorer survival compared with white patients. Once presented to a cancer center, American Indians received nearly identical treatment to white patients. Disparities in outcomes arise primarily due to sociodemographic factors and later stage at presentation.
Reference ranges for atlantodental interval in adults and its variation with age and gender in a large series of subjects on multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Liu Kai , Xie Fubo , Wang Daocai , Guo Lingfei , Qi Yuangang , Tian Jun , Zhao Bin , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe atlanto-dental interval measurement in the cervical spine in young adults has been reported on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), but has not been systematically assessed in all ages.PurposeTo evaluate the reference ranges for the atlanto-dental interval (ADI) in a large sample of adult patients on MDCT and to analyze the relationships of these measurements with gender and age of the patients as well as inter-observer performance.Material and MethodsFirst, a consecutive series of 700 Chinese patients aged over 18 years undergoing an upper cervical MDCT scan were divided equally into seven age groups. Second, the mid-sagittal image of the atlanto-dental joint was chosen for measurement and ADI was defined as the distance intercepted from the segment line linking the center of anterior atlas tubercle with that of posterior tubercle. Third, the correlation of ADI with age and gender was analyzed using linear regression analysis. Finally, the inter-observer performance was assessed using Bland and Altman’s limits of agreement.ResultsThe ADI was 1.77 ± 0.39 mm, 1.61 ± 0.37 mm, 1.58 ± 0.36 mm, 1.41 ± 0.29 mm, 1.31 ± 0.29 mm, 1.34 ± 0.28 mm, and 1.06 ± 0.47 mm in the age groups 18–24 years, 25–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years, 60–69 years, and older than 70 years, respectively. The range of ADI was 0.85–3.12 mm in the age group 18–39 years, 0.71–2.55 mm in the age group 40–59 years, and 0.00–2.37 mm in the age group older than 60 years. There was no difference between gender and ADI (r = 0.00, P = 1.000). ADI decreased linearly with age (r = –0.511, P = 0.000). The inter-observer performance was reliable.ConclusionADI measurements on MDCT linearly decrease with increasing age, and these are not affected by gender in adult patients. Different reference values might be used at different ages when diagnosing atlantoaxial anterior dislocation or subluxation.KeywordsAtlanto-dental joint, atlanto-dental interval (ADI), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).