bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arguing collaboratively: Argumentative discourse types and their potential for knowledge building
Authors: Felton Mark , Garcia‐Mila Merce , Villarroel Constanza , Gilabert Sandra 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThere is growing interest in using argumentative discourse in educational settings. However, in a previous study, we found that discourse goals (persuasion vs. consensus) while arguing can affect student outcomes in both content learning and reasoning.AimsIn this study, we look at argumentative discourse data from a previous study to ask how differences in discourse might account for the differences we observed in learning and reasoning outcomes.SampleOne hundred and five dialogues (57 disputative, 48 consensus) between 7th grade science students attending a public high school near Tarragona, Spain.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to conditions and paired with peers who disagreed with them on three topics related to renewable energy sources. After instruction on each topic, they were asked to either ‘argue to convince’ (persuasion condition) or ‘argue to reach consensus’ (consensus condition) on that topic. Conversations were audio‐recorded and transcribed for analysis.ResultsStudents in the persuasion condition engaged in shorter conversational exchanges around argumentative claims and were more likely to use moves that foreclosed discussion, whereas students in the consensus condition were more likely to use moves that elicited, elaborated on, and integrated their partners' ideas.ConclusionsWhen arguing to reach – rather than defend – a conclusion, students are more likely to coconstruct knowledge by exchanging and integrating arguments. These findings are consistent with predictions about the potential of argumentation for knowledge building and suggest that teachers must attend to discourse goals when using argumentation to support learning and reasoning.
A phase II trial of RCHOP followed by radioimmunotherapy for early stage (stages I/II) diffuse large B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: ECOG3402
Authors: Witzig Thomas E. , Hong Fangxin , Micallef Ivana N. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Dogan Ahmet , Wagner Henry , Kahl Brad S. , Advani Ranjana H. , Horning Sandra J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryPatients with early stage diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) receive RCHOP (rituximab cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) alone or with involved field radiotherapy (IFRT). Anti‐CD20 radioimmunotherapy (RIT) delivers radiation to microscopic sites outside of known disease. This phase II study aimed to achieve a functional complete response (CR) rate of ≥75% to RCHOP and 90Yttrium‐ibritumomab tiuxetan RIT. Patients with stages I/II DLBCL received 4–6 cycles of RCHOP followed by RIT [14·8 MBq/kg (0·4 mCi/kg)]; patients with positron emission tomographypositive sites of disease after RCHOP/RIT received 30 Gy IFRT. Of the 62 patients enrolled; 53 were eligible. 42% (22/53) had stage I/IE; 58% (31/53) stage II/IIE. After RCHOP, 79% (42/53) were in CR/unconfirmed CR. Forty‐eight patients proceeded to RIT. One partial responder after RIT received IFRT and achieved a CR. The best response after RCHOP + RIT in all 53 patients was a functional CR rate of 89% (47/53; 95% confidence interval: 77–96%). With a median follow‐up of 5·9 years, 7 (13%) patients have progressed and 4 (8%) have died (2 with DLBCL). At 5 years, 78% of patients remain in remission and 94% are alive. Chemoimmunotherapy and RIT is an active regimen for early stage DLBCL patients. Eighty‐nine percent of patients achieved functional CR without the requirement of IFRT. This regimen is worthy of further study for early stage DLBCL in a phase III trial.
Gonadal function and fertility after stem cell transplantation in childhood: comparison of a reduced intensity conditioning regimen containing melphalan with a myeloablative regimen containing busulfan
Authors: Panasiuk Anna , Nussey Stephen , Veys Paul , Amrolia Persis , Rao Kanchan , Krawczuk‐Rybak Maryna , Leiper Alison 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe occurrence of late sequelae after myeloablative conditioning regimens for stem‐cell transplantation (SCT) has prompted the introduction of reduced‐intensity chemotherapy (RIC) regimens in an attempt to reduce toxicity and spare fertility. We retrospectively evaluated gonadal function in survivors of SCT in childhood by comparing patients conditioned with a myeloablative regimen containing busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy, N = 51, 28 boys) and a RIC regimen containing fludarabine and melphalan (FluMel, N = 40, 19 boys). Spontaneous puberty occurred in 56% of girls and 89% of boys after BuCy, whereas 90% of females and all males in the FluMel group entered puberty spontaneously (P = 0·012). Significantly more females (61%) conditioned with BuCy required hormone replacement compared with the FluMel group (10·5%, P = 0·012). Females in the FluMel group took significantly longer to develop elevation of serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations (>10 iu/l) from the onset of puberty than females in the BuCy group (median 5·2 years vs. 2·7 years respectively, P = 0·0135). In males no difference was noted between the two conditioning groups in time to FSH elevation (median 4 years in FluMel versus 6 years in BuCy). Whilst the two regimens have similar effects on the testis, ovarian function seems to be better preserved in females undergoing SCT with RIC.
Cretaceous deformation of the southern Central Andes: synorogenic growth strata in the Neuquén Group (35° 30′–37° S)
Authors: Fennell Lucas M. , Folguera Andrés , Naipauer Maximiliano , Gianni Guido , Rojas Vera Emilio A. , Bottesi Germán , Ramos Victor A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Neuquén Group is an Upper Cretaceous continental sedimentary unit exhumed during the latest Miocene contractional phase occurred in the southern Central Andes, allowing a direct field observation and study of the depositional geometries. The identification of growth strata on these units surrounding the structures of the frontal parts of the Andes, sedimentological analyses and U–Pb dating of detrital components, allowed the definition of a synorogenic unit that coexisted with the uplift of the early Andean orogen since ca. 100 Ma, maximum age obtained in this work, compatible with previous assignments and constrained in the top by the deposition of the Malargüe Group, in the Maastrichtian (ca. 72 Ma). The definition of a wedge top area in this foreland basin system, where growth strata were described, permitted to identify a Late Cretaceous orogenic front and foredeep area, whose location and amplitude contrast with previous hypotheses. This wedge top area was mostly fed from the paleo‐Andes with small populations coming from sources in the cratonic area that are interpreted as a recycling in Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sections, which contrasts with other analyses performed at the foredeep zone that have mixed sources. In particular, Permian sources are interpreted as coming directly from the cores of the basement structures, where Neopaleozoic sections are exposed, next to the synorogenic sedimentation, implying a strong incision in Late Cretaceous times with an exhumation structural level similar to the present. The maximum recognised advance for this Late Cretaceous deformation in the study area is approximately 500 km east of the Pacific trench, which constitutes an anomaly compared with neighbour segments where Late Cretaceous deformations were found considerably retracted. The geodynamic context of the sedimentation of this unit is interpreted as produced under the westward fast moving of South America, colliding with two consecutive mid‐ocean ridges during a period of important plate reorganisation. The subduction of young, anhydrous, buoyant lithosphere would have produced changes in the subduction geometry, reflected first by an arc waning/gap and subsequently by an arc migration that coexisted with synorogenic sedimentation. These magmatic and deformational processes would be the product of a shallow subduction regime, following previous proposals, which occurred in Late Cretaceous times, synchronous to the sedimentation of the Neuquén Group.
Chronic rhinosinusitis: patient experiences of primary and secondary care – a qualitative study
Authors: Erskine S.E. , Verkerk M.M. , Notley C. , Williamson I.G. , Philpott C.M. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo explore the experience of CRS and its management from the perspective of patients with CRS. To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study exploring sinus disease.DesignSemi‐structured qualitative interviews.SettingENT outpatient clinic.ParticipantsTwenty‐one adult patients with CRS: 11 male, 10 female. Patients suffered from a range of types of CRS (including polyps and fungal disease) and differing durations of symptoms (1.5–47 years). Participants were purposively selected. Thematic analysis was used.Outcome measuresPatient experience of CRS and its management.ResultsPatients had concerns regarding management of their symptoms by both healthcare professionals and themselves, including delays to referral and repeated medications. They reported reduced quality of life and high financial and psychosocial costs associated with living with CRS.ConclusionsDespite guidelines for CRS treatment, outcomes remain variable leading to dissatisfaction with treatment. Adherence to existing guidelines may result in fewer repeated consultations in primary care and earlier referrals to secondary care.
Culturally Competent Strategies for Recruitment and Retention of African American Populations into Clinical Trials
Authors: Otado Jane , Kwagyan John , Edwards Diana , Ukaegbu Alice , Rockcliffe Faun , Osafo Nana 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeTo identify successful recruitment strategies, challenges and best practices for researchers to engage African American communities in clinical studies taken into consideration target participants’ culture and context.MethodsWe reviewed 50 studies conducted from 2001 to 2012 at an inner‐city research center to determine the type, duration, anticipated enrollments and actual enrollments. Survey was sent to study coordinators to obtain data on recruitment and retention strategies, challenges and dropout rates. We also interviewed 25 study coordinators on challenges and strategies.ResultsOf the 50 studies, 24 had completed recruitment at the time of this report. The completed studies achieved a median recruitment rate of 88% (range: 50–110). Successful recruitment and retention strategies included: field‐based strategy and snowballing. Major barriers were: distrust, compensation, education disadvantage, lack of interest, and inability to have study partner. Strategies to reduce barriers included providing informational sessions, disseminating newsletters about study outcomes. Best practices include being culturally sensitive including demonstrating a caring attitude and being responsive to participants needs.ConclusionsCultural competence is critical in order to design and implement successful recruitment strategies in this population. Research teams should consist of multiethnic staff, involve the community, demonstrate trust and deliver concise education of the research endeavor.
Efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine compared with insulin glargine (Lantus®) in patients with type 1 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial: the ELEMENT 1 study
Authors: Blevins T. C. , Dahl D. , Rosenstock J. , Ilag L. L. , Huster W. J. , Zielonka J. S. , Pollom R. K. , Prince M. J. 
Published: May 2015

AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine (LY IGlar) and the reference product (Lantus®) insulin glargine (IGlar) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsThis phase III, randomized, open‐label, 52‐week study enrolled patients with T1D [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤11%] being treated with basal (once‐daily) and bolus insulin. Patients were randomized to receive once‐daily LY IGlar (n = 268) or IGlar (n = 267) in combination with mealtime insulin lispro for 52 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was to test the non‐inferiority (0.4% and then 0.3% margin) of LY IGlar to IGlar as measured by change in HbA1c from baseline to 24 weeks.ResultsBoth treatment groups had similar and significant (p < 0.001) within‐group decreases in mean HbA1c values from baseline. LY IGlar met the non‐inferiority criteria compared with IGlar for change in HbA1c from baseline to 24 weeks [−0.35 vs −0.46%, least‐squares mean difference 0.108% (95% confidence interval −0.002 to 0.219), p > 0.05]. There were no significant (p > 0.05) treatment differences in other efficacy measures, including proportion of patients reaching HbA1c <7%, daily mean blood glucose, and insulin dose at 24 and 52 weeks. At 52 weeks, similar findings were observed between LY IGlar and IGlar for safety outcomes, including adverse events, allergic reactions, hypoglycaemia, weight change and insulin antibodies.ConclusionsBoth LY IGlar and IGlar, when used in combination with mealtime insulin lispro, provided effective and similar glucose control and similar safety profiles.
Multi‐scale analysis of electrical conductivity of peatlands for the assessment of peat properties
Authors: Walter J. , Lück E. , Bauriegel A. , Richter C. , Zeitz J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryPeatlands store large amounts of carbon. This storage function has been reduced through intensive drainage, which leads to the decomposition of peat, resulting in a loss of carbon. Measurements of the real (σ′) and imaginary part (σ″) of electrical conductivity can deliver information on peat properties, such as the pore fluid conductivity (σw), cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density (ρb), water content (WC) and soil organic matter (SOM) content. These properties change with the peat's degree of decomposition (DD). To explore the relationships between the peat properties, σ′, σ″ and DD, we focused on three different types of survey and scales. First, point measurements were made with a conductivity probe at various locations over a large area of northeast Germany to determine the degree of correlation between σ′ and DD. Second, nine of these locations were selected for sampling to determine which of the properties σw, CEC, ρb, WC and SOM predominantly influence σ′ and σ″. This multisite dataset includes the entire range of DD and was analysed in the laboratory. Third, one site was selected for a survey of σ′ including sampling, to identify which properties mainly control σ′ in a single‐site approach. Statistical analysis revealed that for the multisite laboratory dataset, σw has the strongest effect on σ′, followed by CEC, whereas σ″ is mainly determined by CEC. In a single‐site approach, WC followed by CEC had a dominant effect on σ′. No clear correlation could be observed between (i) DD and peat properties and (ii) DD and σ′ or σ″. This is because of the complex changes in properties with increasing DD.
Migration of titanium dioxide microparticles and nanoparticles through the body and deposition in the gingiva: an experimental study in rats
Authors: Guglielmotti María B. , Domingo Mariela G. , Steimetz Tammy , Ramos Emilio , Paparella María L. , Olmedo Daniel G. 
Published: May 2015

The aim of this experimental work was to evaluate deposition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) microparticles and nanoparticles, which could originate from titanium bioimplants, in the gingiva. Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a suspension of TiO2 particles of different sizes (150, 10, or 5 nm). The rats were killed 12 months post‐injection, and the buccal and lingual gingivae were resected and evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the presence of titanium in deposits of microparticles and nanoparticles, and the concentration of titanium in tissues was measured using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Histological examination showed that all experimental groups exhibited agglomerates, in the gingiva, of titanium particles of micrometer size range, with no associated inflammatory response. Higher concentrations of titanium traces were shown, by ICP‐MS, in both buccal and lingual tissues of all experimental groups compared with their matched controls. Titanium concentrations were significantly higher in the buccal gingiva than in the lingual gingiva, and after injection with 5‐nm particles than with 10‐nm particles in both localizations. Titanium microparticles and nanoparticles deposit in the gingiva, and mostly on the buccal side. Gingival deposition of titanium could be considered a tissue indicator of tribocorrosion processes of titanium bioimplants.
Z‐ligustilide ameliorated ultraviolet B‐induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes through upregulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 and suppression of NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wu Zhouwei , Uchi Hiroshi , Morino‐Koga Saori , Shi Weimin , Furue Masutaka 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUltraviolet B (UVB), a harmful environmental factor, is responsible for a variety of skin disorders including skin inflammation through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediator production. Here, we investigated the effect of Z‐ligustilide (Z‐lig), an active ingredient isolated from the medicinal plants Cnidium officinale and Angelica acutiloba, on UVB‐induced ROS generation and inflammatory mediator production in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) as well as its underlying mechanisms. Z‐lig significantly rescued UVB‐induced NHEKs damage in a dosage‐dependent manner. Pretreatment of NHEKs with Z‐lig inhibited UVB‐induced ROS production in NHEKs. Both silencing the nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the supplement of tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), a haeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) inhibitor, cancelled the inhibitory effect of Z‐lig on UVB‐induced ROS upregulation in NHEKs. Moreover, pretreatment of NHEKs with Z‐lig reduced UVB‐induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB)‐dependent inflammatory mediators (IL‐6, IL‐8 and MCP‐1) production at both mRNA and protein level. In the presence of Z‐lig, UVB‐induced NF‐κB subunit p65 nuclear translocation was abolished, and the IκBα degradation was suppressed. Taken together, these findings suggest that Z‐lig can suppress UVB‐induced ROS generation through Nrf2/HO‐1 upregulation and inflammation by suppressing the NF‐κB pathway, suggesting that Z‐lig may be beneficial in protecting skin from UVB exposure.
Belief‐rule‐based expert systems for evaluation of e‐government: a case study
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Shahadat , Zander Pär‐Ola , Kamal Md Sarwar , Chowdhury Linkon 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLittle knowledge exists on the impact and results associated with e‐government projects in many specific‐use domains. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of e‐government systems. Because the development of e‐government is a continuous process of improvement, it requires continuous evaluation of the overall e‐government system as well as evaluation of its various dimensions such as determinants, characteristics and results. E‐government development is often complex, with multiple stakeholders, large user bases and complex goals. Consequently, even experts have difficulties in evaluating these systems, especially in an integrated and comprehensive way, as well as on an aggregate level. Expert systems are a candidate solution to evaluate such complex e‐government systems. However, it is difficult for expert systems to cope with uncertain evaluation data that are vague, inconsistent, highly subjective or in other ways, challenging to formalize. This paper presents an approach that can handle uncertainty in e‐government evaluation: the combination of Belief Rule Base knowledge representation and Evidential Reasoning. This approach is illustrated with a concrete prototype, known as the Belief Rule Based Expert System (BRBES) and implemented in the local e‐government of Bangladesh. The results have been compared with a recently developed method of evaluating e‐government, and it is demonstrated that the results of the BRBES are more accurate and reliable. The BRBES can be used to identify the factors that need to be improved to achieve the overall aim of an e‐government project. In addition, various ‘what if’ scenarios can be generated, and developers and managers can obtain a foretaste of the outcomes. Thus, the system can be used to facilitate decision‐making processes under uncertainty.
A simplified micromechanics model for predicting the stiffness degradation in symmetric composite laminates
Authors: Farrokhabadi A. , Mohammadi B. , Hosseini‐Toudeshky H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecently, the authors of this paper have developed a new micromechanics approach to evaluate the stress fields and material properties of an orthotropic composite ply containing specified matrix cracking density under multi‐axial loading condition. In this study, more complementary details of approach are obtained, and a closed form solution for evaluating the stress fields and stiffness degradation of a damaged ply will be presented and applied for analysing several composite laminate with general symmetric lay‐ups. The obtained results will be compared with the available experimental results. The major advantage of the mentioned micromechanics approach is its capability for analysing an arbitrary composite ply containing specified matrix crack independent of its adjacent plies. This preference can be applied for bridging the proposed micromechanics model into the finite element analysis for progressive modelling of matrix cracking in general symmetric laminates with the least computational effort and the most accuracy.
Forecasting of jack mackerel landings (Trachurus murphyi) in central‐southern Chile through neural networks
Authors: Naranjo Laura , Plaza Francisco , Yáñez Eleuterio , Barbieri María Ángela , Sánchez Felipe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the present study, the performance of neuronal networks models in monthly landing forecasting of jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) in central‐southern Chile (32°S–42°S) was assessed. Thus, monthly estimations for 10 environmental variables, fishing effort (fe) and jack mackerel landings for the period 1973–2008 were used. A preliminary analysis was done in order to remove strongly correlated variables. Sea surface temperature (SST) and fe are established as input variables, then, a non‐linear cross correlation analysis was performed to estimate the lag between the input variables and jack mackerel landings. Two models were adjusted: model one includes both training and testing cases randomly selected using all data involved in the analysed period; for model 2, the data is divided into two time series: the first from 1973 to 2002 used for training and the second between 2003 and 2008 used for validation. The external validation process for model 1 showed an explained variance of 92%, with a standard forecasting error of 30%. The explained variance for model 2 was 81%, with a standard forecasting error of 38%. Finally, the sensitivity analysis for both models showed the fe as the most influential variable to jack mackerel landings, which presents functionality depending on anthropogenic effects rather than environmental conditions.