bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Layered Perovskite EuBaCo2O5+δ for Intermediate‐Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode
Authors: Shi Z. , Xia T. , Meng F. , Wang J. , Lian J. , Zhao H. , Bassat J.‐M. , Grenier J.‐C. , Meng J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA layered perovskite EuBaCo2O5+δ (EBCO) has been prepared by a solid‐state reaction, and evaluated as potential cathode for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Structural characterizations are determined at room temperature using powder X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy technique. The good fits to the XRD data by Rietveld refinement method are obtained in the orthorhombic space group (Pmmm). The lower average thermal expansion coefficient, 14.9 × 10–6 °C–1 between 100 and 800 °C, indicates its better thermal expansion compatibility with conventional electrolytes, compared with the other cobalt‐containing cathode materials. The high electrical conductivity and large oxygen nonstoichiometry at intermediate temperatures suggest the effective charge transfer reactions including electron conduction and oxide‐ion motion in cathode. As a result, a highly electrochemical activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction is achieved between 600 and 700 °C, as evidenced by low area‐specific resistances, e.g. 0.14–0.5 Ω cm2. In addition, cathodic overpotential and oxygen reduction kinetics of the EBCO cathode have also been studied.
Moisture Effect on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 Cathode Behaviors in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Shen F. , Lu K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMoisture effect on cathode behaviors is a major issue for solid oxide fuel cells servicing under severe high temperature environments. This work studies the effect of dry air and moist air on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM821) and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF6428) cathodes at 800 °C by investigating the interfacial reaction and degradation through an AISI 441 interconnect/LSM821 (LSCF6428) electrode/yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte tri‐layer structure. Under the same processing condition, the grain size of the LSCF6428 cathode is smaller than that of the LSM821 cathode. Ohmic resistance and polarization resistance of the cathodes are analyzed by deconvoluting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results. The LSCF6428 cathode has much smaller resistance than the LSM821 cathode. Moisture produces a larger effect on the ohmic resistance and polarization resistance of the LSM821 cathode than on those of the LSCF6428 cathode. More chromium diffuses from the interconnect to the cathode for both LSM821 and LSCF6428 electrodes thermally treated in moist air. Based on the structure, elemental distribution, and EIS analysis, the interaction mechanisms between the electrodes and the AISI 441 alloy interconnect are proposed.
Evaluation of Low‐Cost Separators for Increased Power Generation in Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells with Membrane Electrode Assembly
Authors: Moon J. M. , Kondaveeti S. , Min B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe compared novel size‐selective separators, namely the textile fabrics of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide (S‐PPS), and the nonwoven fabrics of polypropylene80 (PP 80) and PP 100, with commonly used ion exchange separators (Nafion 117 and cation exchange membane‐7000; CMI‐7000) in terms of power generation, oxygen diffusion, and biofilm formation in a single chamber microbial fuel cell. Size‐selective separators exhibited more power generation than ion selective separators. MFC operation with size‐selective separators generated power output ranging 0.407 to 0.591 V (1000 Ω), whereas with Nafion it was 0.272 V. In polarization analysis, S‐PPS resulted in the highest power density of 190 mW/m2, whereas it was 24 mW/m2 with Nafion‐117. Size selective separators showed similar or higher proton conductivity than Nafion 117. Oxygen mass transfer coefficients of size‐selective separators (KO = 3.7 ∼ 7.5 × 10−5) were lower or similar to Nafion (KO = 7.5 × 10−5). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that all separators (PP80, S‐PPS, and Nafion) contained proteins or carbon chain compounds after 300‐day operation, and however, Nafion 117 seems to be more susceptible to biofouling than the other separators.
A Performance Prediction Tool for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells after Single Redox Cycle
Authors: Timurkutluk B. , Mat M. D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe effects of anode support fabrication parameters on the cell performance and the redox behavior of the cell are investigated experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental program, an yttria stabilized zirconia based anode supported membrane electrode group (MEG) is developed via the tape casting, co‐sintering and screen printing methodologies. For comparison, various anode supported cells with different electrolyte thickness and anode support porosities are also fabricated. In the theoretical study, a mathematical model is developed to represent the fluid flow, the heat transfer, the species transport and the electrochemical reaction in solid oxide fuel cells. In addition, a redox model representing the mechanical damage in the electrochemical reaction zones due to redox cycling is developed by defining a damage function as a function of strain and a damage coefficient. The effects of anode support porosity and the electrolyte thickness on the cell performance and redox stability of the cells are numerically investigated. The experimental results are compared with the numerical results to validate the mathematical model. Finally, a predictive tool, which is valid for the ranges of the cell fabrication parameters investigated, is developed to estimate the electrochemical performance after single redox cycle.
Comparative Study of the Leak Characteristics of Two Ceramic/Glass Composite Seals for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Dev B. , Walter M. E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the potential to play a significant role in a future clean energy economy. However, SOFCs still face major obstacles before they can be commercialized, with efficient sealing being among the most prominent. The present research focuses on the comparative study of microstructure, crystal phase evolution, and leak rates, for two ceramic/glass seals used in an SOFC. The leak test apparatus is a controlled facility designed to incorporate different mechanical loading, stack configurations, and thermal cycles. Simultaneous leak testing with an acoustic emission (AE) sensor was also used to identify any micro‐damage in seals. A two‐level factorial design was applied to the first sealing composition to identify the main and the interactive factors for leak rates. MINITAB® was also used to determine a linear regression‐based leak rate model. The second seal formulation employed a more stable glass which led to reduced leak rates. Additional factors in a two‐level factorial design were investigated for the second seal formulation. Based on multiple experiments with different stack components, it was determined that the number of interfaces is most critical for leak rate, showing that even in the presence of thermal cycling, leakage is an interfacial dominated phenomenon.
Re‐Compression Model for SOFC Hybrid Systems: Start‐up and Shutdown Test for an Emulator Rig
Authors: Damo U. M. , Ferrari M. L. , Turan A. , Massardo A. F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper reports a new innovative re‐compression technology for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid systems necessary to increase pressure at compressor outlet level (as required by fuel cell systems for managing cathodic recurculation and to increase SOFC efficiency). This work was based on a collaboration between the University of Manchester (United Kingdom) and the University of Genoa (Italy). The re‐compression study will be performed with the hybrid system emulator rig by TPG. This device is composed of the following technology: a microturbine package able to produce up to 100 kWe which was modified for external connections, external pipes designed for several purposes (by‐pass, measurement or bleed), and a high temperature modular vessel necessary to emulate the dimension of an SOFC stack. For the purpose of re‐compression, this test rig is planned to be equipped with a turbocharger capable of increasing pressure using part of recuperator outlet flow. Theoretical activity was considered before carrying out the real experimental tests to avoid plant risky conditions. So, it was necessary to develop a transient model (Matlab®‐Simulink® environment) to simulate the hybrid system emulator including the re‐compression system. The results obtained with the model were carried out considering the start‐up/shutdown phases of the turbocharger device.
Geometry processing from an elastic perspective
Authors: Rumpf Martin , Wardetzky Max 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTriggered by the development of new hardware, such as laser range scanners for high resolution acquisition of complex geometric objects, new graphics processors for realtime rendering and animation of extremely detailed geometric structures, and novel rapid prototyping equip‐ment, such as 3D printers, the processing of highly resolved complex geometries has established itself as an important area of both fundamental research and impressive applications. Concepts from image processing have been picked up and carried over to curved surfaces, physically based modeling plays a central role, and aspects of computer aided geometry design have been incorporated. This paper aims at highlighting some of these developments, with a particular focus on methods related to the mechanics of thin elastic surfaces. We provide an overview of different geometric representations ranging from polyhedral surfaces over level sets to subdivision surfaces. Furthermore, with an eye on differential‐geometric concepts underlying continuum mechanics, we discuss fundamental computational tasks, such as surface flows and fairing, surface deformation and matching, physical simulations, as well as spectral and modal methods in geometry processing. Finally, beyond focusing on single shapes, we describe how spaces of shapes can be investigated using concepts from Riemannian geometry. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Shearlets: Theory and Applications
Authors: Kutyniok Gitta , Lim Wang‐Q , Steidl Gabriele 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany important problem classes are governed by anisotropic features such as singularities concentrated on lower dimensional embedded manifolds, for instance, edges in images or shock fronts in solutions of transport dominated equations. While the ability to reliably capture and sparsely represent anisotropic structures is obviously the more important the higher the number of spatial variables is, the principal difficulties arise already in two spatial dimensions. Since it was shown that the well‐known wavelets are not capable of efficiently encoding such anisotropic features, various directional representation systems were suggested during the last years. Of those, shearlets are the most widely used today due to their optimal sparse approximation properties in combination with their unified treatment of the continuum and digital realm, leading to faithful implementations. This article shall serve as an introduction to and a survey about shearlets. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Image analysis for microstructures based on stochastic models
Authors: Redenbach Claudia , Schladitz Katja , Vecchio Irene , Wirjadi Oliver 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe development of modern high‐performance materials requires a deeper understanding of the complex relations between a material's microstructure geometry and its macroscopic properties. Analysis of three‐dimensional image data combined with stochastic microstructure modelling is a promising approach to study these relations. Motivated by two typical application examples, a fibre reinforced polymer and a closed polymer foam, we introduce versatile model classes from stochastic geometry. We explain how their basic geometric characteristics can be estimated from tomographic image data. Finally, linking the estimated values to the model parameters, stochastic models are fitted to the observed microstructures. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Economic evaluation of arsenic trioxide for treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukaemia in Canada
Authors: Lachaine Jean , Mathurin Karine , Barakat Stéphane , Schuh Andre C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTo assess, from a Canadian perspective, the economic impact of arsenic trioxide (ATO) + all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for treating newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), the cost‐effectiveness of ATO + ATRA compared to ATRA + idarubicin (IDA) was assessed over a lifetime horizon using a time‐dependent Markov model. The model considers four health states: complete remission, treatment failure or relapse, post‐failure, and death. Markov cycle length was 1 month for the first 48 months and 1 year thereafter. Efficacy outcomes in terms of event‐free survival and overall survival were taken from a head‐to‐head clinical trial. Costs were associated with drug and administration, adverse events (AEs), treatment of relapses, follow‐up visits, and productivity losses. Utilities and disutilities associated with health states and AEs were derived from the literature. Compared to ATRA + IDA, ATRA + ATO is associated with incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of $CAD50,193/quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) and $CAD50,338/QALY from a Canadian Ministry of Health (MoH) and societal perspectives, respectively. Results of the one‐way sensitivity analysis show that ICER varied from $CAD23,045 to $CAD60,759/QALY (MoH perspective) and from $CAD23,120 to $CAD60,905/QALY (societal perspective). ATO in the first‐line therapy for patients with APL can be considered a more cost‐effective strategy than standard treatment from a Canadian perspective. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of anthropogenic activities in karst spring discharge volatility
Authors: Wu Jing , Yin Jian , Hao Yonghong , Liu Yan , Fan Yonghui , Huo Xueli , Liu Youcun , Yeh Tian‐Chyi J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe traditional hydrological time series methods tend to focus on the mean of whichever variable is analysed but neglect its time‐varying variance (i.e. assuming the variance remains constant). The variances of hydrological time series vary with time under anthropogenic influence. There is evidence that extensive well drilling and groundwater pumping can intercept groundwater run‐off and consequently induce spring discharge volatility or variance varying with time (i.e. heteroskedasticity). To investigate the time‐varying variance or heteroskedasticity of spring discharge, this paper presents a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with general autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (SARIMA‐GARCH) model, whose the SARIMA model is used to estimate the mean of hydrological time series, and the GARCH model estimates its time‐varying variance. The SARIMA‐GARCH model was then applied to the Xin'an Springs Basin, China, where extensive groundwater development has occurred since 1978 (e.g. the average annual groundwater pumping rates were less than 0.20 m3/s in the 1970s, reached 1.20 m3/s at the end of the 1980s, surpassed 2.0 m3/s in the 1990s and exceeded 3.0 m3/s by 2007). To identify whether human activities or natural stressors caused the heteroskedasticity of Xin'an Springs discharge, we segmented the spring discharge sequence into two periods: a predevelopment stage (i.e. 1956–1977) and a developed stage (i.e. 1978–2012), and set up the SARIMA‐GARCH model for the two stages, respectively. By comparing the models, we detected the role of human activities in spring discharge volatility. The results showed that human activities caused the heteroskedasticity of the Xin'an Spring discharge. The predicted Xin'an Springs discharge by the SARIMA‐GARCH model showed that the mean monthly spring discharge is predicted to continue to decline to 0.93 m3/s in 2013, 0.67 m3/s in 2014 and 0.73 m3/s in 2015. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal exposure to 3,3’‐iminodipropionitrile targets late‐stage differentiation of hippocampal granule cell lineages to affect brain‐derived neurotrophic factor signaling and interneuron subpopulations in rat offspring
Authors: Itahashi Megu , Abe Hajime , Tanaka Takeshi , Mizukami Sayaka , Kikuchihara Yoh , Yoshida Toshinori , Shibutani Makoto 
Published: November 2014

Abstract3,3’‐Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) causes neurofilament (NF)‐filled swellings in the proximal segments of many large‐caliber myelinated axons. This study investigated the effect of maternal exposure to IDPN on hippocampal neurogenesis in rat offspring using pregnant rats supplemented with 0 (controls), 67 or 200 ppm IDPN in drinking water from gestational day 6 to day 21 after delivery. On postnatal day (PND) 21, female offspring subjected to analysis had decreased parvalbumin+, reelin+ and phospho‐TrkB+ interneurons in the dentate hilus at 200 ppm and increased granule cell populations expressing immediate‐early gene products, Arc or c‐Fos, at ≥  67 ppm. mRNA expression in the dentate gyrus examined at 200 ppm decreased with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and very low density lipoprotein receptor. Immunoreactivity for phosphorylated NF heavy polypeptide decreased in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the stratum radiatum of the cornu ammonis (CA) 3, portions showing axonal projections from mossy cells and pyramidal neurons, at 200 ppm on PND 21, whereas immunoreactivity for synaptophysin was unchanged in the dentate gyrus. Observed changes all disappeared on PND 77. There were no fluctuations in the numbers of apoptotic cells, proliferating cells and subpopulations of granule cell lineage in the subgranular zone on PND 21 and PND 77. Thus, maternal IDPN exposure may reversibly affect late‐stage differentiation of granule cell lineages involving neuronal plasticity as evident by immediate‐early gene responses to cause BDNF downregulation resulting in a reduction in parvalbumin+ or reelin+ interneurons and suppression of axonal plasticity in the mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Useful and Fast Method for Blood Lead and Cadmium Determination Using ICP‐MS and GF‐AAS; Validation Parameters
Authors: Trzcinka‐Ochocka Malgorzata , Brodzka Renata , Janasik Beata 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundIn case of clinical analysis, especially in blood lead (Pb‐B) and cadmium (Cd‐B) determination, the accuracy and precision of the method are crucial. The objective of this article is to present a simple and useful method for Pb‐B and Cd‐B determination using ICP‐MS (inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry) as well as GF‐AAS (graphite furnace‐atomic absorption spectrometry).MethodsThe principle of the method is based on the deproteinization of blood samples by addition of 5% nitric acid that eliminates the presence of the protein in the samples, thereby excluding the influence of the organic matrix on the result determinations. A comparison of the two techniques ICP‐MS and GF‐AAS was established for Pb and Cd determinations in the same 40 blood samples collected from lead workers.ResultsThe results showed that validation parameters for ICP‐MS and GF‐AAS were similar, however better for ICP‐MS for Pb‐B determinations. The detection limit (3×SD) for Pb‐B determinations for ICP‐MS and GF‐AAS was, respectively, 0.16 and 1.0 μg/l, and for Cd‐B it was, respectively, 0.08 and 0.02 μg/l. Correlation coefficients (rs) for comparable Pb‐B and Cd‐B determinations, using these two techniques, showed very good statistically significant correlations and were r = 0.9988, P < 0.0001 for Pb‐B and r = 0.9949, P < 0.0001 for Cd‐B.ConclusionsThe obtained results indicate that the method of deproteinization of blood samples is still the best way to eliminate spectral interferences and influence of the organic matter. The elaborated method is especially dedicated to clinical laboratories and determined low concentrations of lead and cadmium in biological samples.
Epidemic Trends of Enterovirus Infections From Pediatric Patients in Cheonan, Korea
Authors: Jeon Jae‐Sik , Kim Jae Kyung , Yu Jeesuk , Kim Jong Wan 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThis study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of enterovirus (EV) infections in children at a single hospital during recent 5 years. This study was preformed from December 2008 to November 2013.MethodsWe subjected 1,067 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 1,053 patients and 678 stool specimens from 665 patients using real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction tests that could detect EV. The data were analyzed according to seasonality and patient age and sex.ResultsDuring this period, 176 of the total 1,053 patients (16.81%) were positive for EV in CSF. The highest rate of EV‐positive samples occurred in children less than 1 year of age (114/176, 64.77%), and the most prevalent month was June. The results for CSF and stool specimens were concordant in 545 (80.38%) of 678 cases.ConclusionWe described the epidemiological analytic data of the EV in the population of Cheonan, South Korea. The combination of the CSF and stool specimen enhances the diagnostic yield. There is a need for continuous study of EV infections and its clinical manifestations.
The time course and microbiology of surgical site infections after head and neck free flap surgery
Authors: Durand Marlene L. , Yarlagadda Bharat B. , Rich Debbie L. , Lin Derrick T. , Emerick Kevin S. , Rocco James W. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the time of onset and microbiology of surgical site infections (SSIs) following head and neck free flap reconstructive surgeries.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsAll 504 free flap surgical cases (484 patients) performed April 1, 2009 to September 30, 2013 were reviewed; SSIs occurring ≤30 days postoperatively were evaluated. Admission screening for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization was performed on all patients.ResultsFlap‐recipient site infections (flap SSIs) occurred in 67 cases (13.3%), one‐third week 1 postoperatively, one‐third week 2, one‐third days 15 to 30; 45% occurred after hospital discharge. Wound cultures were polymicrobial, but 25% grew only normal oral flora, whereas 75% grew pathogens not part of normal oral flora, such as gram‐negative bacilli (44% of cases), MRSA (20%), and methicillin‐sensitive S aureus (MSSA) (16%). The frequency of these pathogens did not vary significantly by the time of SSI onset. In 67%, cultures included at least one pathogen resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Clindamycin prophylaxis was a significant risk factor for flap SSI and for early partial or complete flap loss from infection. Donor SSIs occurred in 22 cases (4.4%), 95% >1 week postoperatively, and MRSA or MSSA were the primary pathogens in 89%. Of the 25 patients colonized with MRSA on admission, 40% developed a flap or donor SSI, a rate significantly higher than in non‐colonized patients.ConclusionsGram‐negative bacilli, MRSA, and MSSA were significant SSI pathogens, and late onset of infection was common. Better screening, decolonization, and prophylaxis may reduce SSI rates.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 125:1084–1089, 2015