bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of digital mRNA profiling of oesophageal biopsies as a novel diagnostic approach to eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Lexmond W. S. , Hu L. , Pardo M. , Heinz N. , Rooney K. , LaRosa J. , Dehlink E. , Fiebiger E. , Nurko S. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundQuantification of tissue eosinophils remains the golden standard in diagnosing eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE), but this approach suffers from poor specificity. It has been recognized that histopathological changes that occur in patients with EoE are associated with a disease‐specific tissue transcriptome.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that digital mRNA profiling targeted at a set of EoE‐specific and Th2 inflammatory genes in oesophageal biopsies could help differentiate patients with EoE from those with reflux oesophagitis (RE) or normal tissue histology (NH).MethodsThe mRNA expression levels of 79 target genes were defined in both proximal and distal biopsies of 196 patients with nCounter® (Nanostring) technology. According to clinicopathological diagnosis, these patients were grouped in a training set (35 EoE, 30 RE, 30 NH) for building of a three‐class prediction model using the random forest method, and a blinded predictive set (n = 47) for model validation.ResultsA diagnostic model built on ten differentially expressed genes was able to differentiate with 100% sensitivity and specificity between conditions in the training set. In a blinded predictive set, this model was able to correctly predict EoE in 14 of 18 patients in distal (sensitivity 78%, 95% CI 52–93%) and 16 of 18 patients in proximal biopsies (sensitivity 89%, 95% CI 64–98%), without false‐positive diagnosis of EoE in RE or NH patients (specificity 100%, 95% CI 85–100%). Sensitivity was increased to 94% (95% CI 71–100%) when either the best predictive distal or proximal biopsy was used.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceWe conclude that mRNA profiling of oesophageal tissue is an accurate diagnostic strategy in detecting EoE.
A 5‐Year Prospective Study on Cone‐Anchored Implants in the Edentulous Maxilla
Authors: Eerdekens Liesbeth , Schols Marlies , Coelst Ludo , Quirynen Marc , Naert Ignace 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeTo investigate dentist‐ as well as patient‐centered outcomes of the implant‐supported cone‐anchored removable prosthesis in the edentulous maxilla over 5 years.Materials and MethodsTen patients, edentulous in the maxilla, received six Ti implants after which they were delayed loaded through a cone‐anchored removable prosthesis. Clinical parameters such as plaque and bleeding indices, PTV, implant success, marginal bone loss, device and prosthesis complications, and patient satisfaction (visual analogue scale) were collected at follow‐up visits scheduled 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months postprosthesis delivery.ResultsAfter at least 5 years of follow‐up (mean: 63.7 months), 53/59 implants were rated successful, while two of 59 failed and one implant was kept sleeping. Mean marginal bone loss from prosthesis delivery until 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, was; 0.15 (SD: 0.87), 0.36 (SD: 1.07), and 0.60 mm (SD: 1.12). The mean Periotest® values at baseline and 5 years did not differ significantly. After 1 year, a significant improvement in patient satisfaction was recorded compared with the old denture, and this remained stable over the 5‐year period.ConclusionsCone‐anchored removable dental prostheses retained by secondary splinted implants offer a safe alternative for patients with an edentulous maxilla in need of more comfort. Dentist‐ as well as patient‐centered outcomes compete with reports using other prosthetic anchoring devices. Larger replica studies are encouraged to further validate this concept.
Experimental Peri‐Implantitis around Different Types of Implants – A Clinical and Radiographic Study in Dogs
Authors: Fickl Stefan , Kebschull Moritz , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis , Hürzeler Markus , Zuhr Otto 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of the implant micro and macrostructure on peri‐implantitis is not fully understood.PurposeTo determine the effect of ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis on three commercially available implant types.Materials and MethodsFive beagle dogs were used. Two months following tooth extraction, three different implant types (BIOMET 3i T3, BIOMET 3i, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA; Straumann Bone Level, Straumann GmbH, Basel, Switzerland; Nobel Replace Tapered, Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) were placed in a randomized fashion in each hemi‐mandible. Peri‐implantitis was initiated by ligature placement and soft diet. Ligatures were added every 2 weeks for a total of four ligature advancements. After 2 weeks, the ligatures were removed, oral hygiene measures initiated for 3 weeks, and clinical (probing depth, mucosal recession, bleeding on probing), intrasurgical (intrasurgical defect depth, intrasurgical defect width), and radiographic (radiographic bone level) parameters assessed.ResultsNobel Replace Tapered implants showed significantly higher intrasurgical defect depth, intrasurgical defect width, probing depths, and radiographic bone level when compared to BIOMET 3i T3 or Straumann Bone Level implants. Straumann Bone Level implants showed largely similar clinical outcomes to BIOMET 3i T3. No significant differences between the groups were observed for mean mucosal recession.ConclusionIn an experimental peri‐implantitis model, Nobel Replace Tapered implants are associated with pronounced tissue loss.
Prospective randomized controlled clinical study comparing two dental implant types: volumetric soft tissue changes at 1 year of loading
Authors: Sanz Martin Ignacio , Benic Goran I. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the volumetric changes occurring from prosthesis insertion to the 1‐year follow‐up (FU) using one‐ and two‐piece dental implants.MethodsSixty patients were randomly assigned to receive one‐piece or two‐piece implants. Casts were obtained at baseline (insertion of final reconstruction) and at 1 year of loading. Finally, 33 pairs of casts (BRA = 18, STM = 15) were deemed appropriate for volumetric analysis of the peri‐implant tissues. If the patients had more than one implant, one was randomly selected for analysis. Casts were scanned to obtain stereolithography (STL) files. Baseline and 1‐year FU digital models were superimposed with an image analysis program. Linear and volumetric measurements were performed including (i) crown height changes (CHCs), (ii) volumetric changes, and (iii) changes in tissue thickness at three levels below the mucosal margin on the buccal side of the implants (at 1,3, and 5 mm). The Mann–Whitney U‐test and the paired t‐test were used to analyze the data between the two groups using the patient as the unit of analysis.ResultsNo significant baseline differences were observed between the one‐ and two‐piece groups for the linear measurements. The mean CHCs in the two‐piece group amounted to 0.02 mm (SD ± 0.32), whereas the one‐piece group exhibited a change of −0.17 mm (±0.57). The mean volume changes (VCs) were −0.12 mm (±0.27) (two‐piece group) and −0.03 mm (±0.29) (one‐piece group). With regard to the changes in tissue thickness, the two‐piece group presented a change of −0.15 mm (±0.20) at 1 mm, −0.06 mm (±0.20) at 3 mm, and −0.2 mm (±0.51) at 5 mm. The respective values for the one‐piece group were −0.03 mm (±0.35), 0.01 mm (±0.28), and −0.01 mm (±0.51) at the three levels. None of the differences in linear measurements between baseline and the 1‐year FU reached significance. Positive correlations were seen for tissue thickness changes at 1 and 3 mm for both groups (P < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found for VCs and tissue thickness at 1 mm for the two‐piece group and for VCs and tissue thickness at 1,3, and 5 mm for the one‐piece group (P < 0.05).ConclusionWithin the first year of loading, minimal changes occur with regard to tissue thickness, crown height, and facial volume for both implant types.
Olfactory screening: validation of Sniffin' Sticks in Denmark
Authors: Fjaeldstad A. , Kjaergaard T. , Van Hartevelt T.J. , Moeller A. , Kringelbach M.L. , Ovesen T. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThe Sniffin' Sticks 12‐identification test (SIT‐12) is the most commonly applied Danish olfaction screening tool; however, it has never been validated in a Danish population. The screening score depends on familiarity with descriptors, which is strongly influenced by linguistic and cultural factors, why validation is mandatory. This study aimed to validate the SIT‐12 in a Danish population.DesignProspective controlled study.SettingOtorhinolaryngology department.ParticipantsThe SIT‐12 was applied to 100 normosmic, healthy adult Danish participants.Main outcome measuresChoice of descriptors was registered, along with nasal endoscopic examination, screening for cognitive impairment, depression and sinonasal symptoms. Descriptors of the original version of SIT‐12 were evaluated in 50 participants, and misleading descriptors were identified. Modifications to these descriptors were subsequently validated in a comparable group of 50 participants.ResultsMean odorant identification score in the evaluation group was 11.0 of a possible 12, and 11.6 in the validation group (P < 0.0001). Among all odorant identification errors in the evaluation group, 60% were due to two incorrect descriptors having close resemblance to the correct descriptors, lemon and cinnamon. Two additional descriptors were unfamiliar to more than half the participants. There was a significant difference in the distribution of wrong identification answers between odorants in the evaluation group (P < 0.001), but not in the validation group.ConclusionsThe identified systematically wrong descriptors have been modified and validated in the Danish SIT‐12.
Chrousos syndrome: from molecular pathogenesis to therapeutic management
Authors: Nicolaides Nicolas C. , Charmandari Evangelia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrimary Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance or Chrousos syndrome is a rare genetic condition characterized by end‐organ insensitivity to glucocorticoids owing to inactivating mutations of the NR3C1 gene.Materials and methodsWe conducted a systematic review of the published, peer‐reviewed medical literature using MEDLINE (1975 through November 2014) to identify original articles and reviews on this topic. The search terms included ‘primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance’, ‘Chrousos syndrome’, ‘glucocorticoid receptor gene’ and ‘glucocorticoid receptor mutations’.ResultsOnly a few cases of Chrousos syndrome have been described to date, ranging from asymptomatic to severe forms of mineralocorticoid and/or androgen excess. All reported cases have been associated with point mutations or deletions in the NR3C1 gene. The tremendous progress of molecular biology has enabled us to apply standard methods to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of the mutant glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). We and others have identified and functionally characterized novel mutations causing Chrousos syndrome, while structural biology has enabled us to have a better understanding of how conformational changes of the receptor cause glucocorticoid resistance. In this review, we also present our results of the functional characterization of two recently described mutations, and we discuss the diagnostic approaches and therapeutic management of patients with Chrousos syndrome.ConclusionsAlthough Chrousos syndrome is a rare condition, many clinical cases remain unrecognized for a long time. We recommend determination of the 24‐h urinary free cortisol excretion and sequencing of the NR3C1 gene in patients with hyperandrogenism and/or hypertension of unknown origin.
Coping and the stages of psychosis: an investigation into the coping styles in people at risk of psychosis, in people with first‐episode and multiple‐episode psychoses
Authors: Kommescher Mareike , Gross Sonja , Pützfeld Verena , Klosterkötter Joachim , Bechdolf Andreas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThe concept of coping is central to recent models of psychosis. The aim of the present paper is to explore whether specific coping styles relate to certain stages of the disorder.MethodsThirty‐nine clients at clinical high risk (CHR) of first‐episode psychosis, 19 clients with first‐episode psychosis and 52 clients with multiple‐episode psychosis completed a Stress Coping Questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 114 items defining one overall positive coping scale (with three subscales) and one negative coping scale. Analyses of variance with group as between‐subject factor and coping behaviour as within‐subject factor were used to identify different coping patterns.ResultsOn the level of subscales no group differences could be detected, but analysis of variance revealed slightly different patterns: CHR clients used significantly more negative than positive coping styles (P = 0.001), followed by patients with multiple‐episode psychosis (P = 0.074). First‐episode patients were most likely to use negative as well as positive coping (P = 0.960). Across all stages of illness, stress control was significantly preferred compared to the other positive coping styles distraction and devaluation. Again, this pattern was especially pronounced for at‐risk clients and patients with multiple‐episode psychosis, whereas patients with first‐episode psychosis were most likely to use devaluation as well as distraction.ConclusionsThe overall coping styles were similar across the different stages of psychosis. However, at‐risk persons presented especially pronounced negative coping and a small range of strategies, indicating a specific need for psychosocial support in this stage of the disorder.
Negative and paranoid symptoms are associated with negative performance beliefs and social cognition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Schneider Maude , Van der Linden Martial , Menghetti Sarah , Debbané Martin , Eliez Stephan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAims22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a neurogenetic condition associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Previous studies have shown that negative symptoms represent the most specific clinical characteristic of psychosis in 22q11.2DS and are strongly associated with outcome. However, the psychological mechanisms associated with these symptoms in this population are poorly understood. In accordance with recent conceptualizations in the field of schizophrenia, the present study aims at investigating whether negative symptoms are associated with the presence of negative performance beliefs and cognitive deficits.MethodsThirty‐five participants with 22q11.2DS and 24 typically developing individuals aged between 11 and 24 years were included in the study. Self‐reported schizotypal symptoms (cognitive‐perceptual, paranoid, negative and disorganization symptoms) and dysfunctional beliefs (negative performance beliefs and need for approval) were assessed. Measures of processing speed, verbal memory, working memory, executive functioning and face recognition were also extracted from a broad cognitive evaluation protocol.ResultsAdolescents with 22q11.2DS reported significantly higher score on the negative dimension of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire than controls, even when controlling for the influence of anxiety/depression and intellectual functioning. Negative and paranoid symptoms were associated with the severity of negative performance beliefs and lower face recognition abilities. Mediation analyses revealed that negative performance beliefs significantly mediated the association between face recognition and negative/paranoid symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that negative performance beliefs and basic social cognitive mechanisms are associated with negative and paranoid symptoms in individuals with 22q11.2DS. Implications for intervention are discussed in this article.
Vegetation and its spatial pattern analysis on salinized grasslands in the semiarid Inner Mongolia steppe
Authors: Chen Jun , Shiyomi Masae , Wuyunna  , Hori Yoshimichi , Yamamura Yasuo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe determined how the vegetation and spatial heterogeneity (spatial variation) in species richness and species composition in salinized grasslands are affected by soil salinity level, and whether the Grime's hypothesis regarding species richness is accepted, to understand vegetation on salinized soil. To address these questions, we surveyed three grassland sites in Inner Mongolia. All sites had been degraded heavily by livestock grazing, and had different salinity levels: heavy (electrical conductivity 1.18–8.15 dS m−1), intermediate (0.38–0.70 dS m−1) and non‐salinized (0.07–0.20 dS m−1). We set 50 square quadrats (0.25 m2 per quadrat), divided into four sub‐quadrats (0.0625 m2 each), along two 25 m transects in each site, and recorded all plant species in each sub‐quadrat. The species richness of the sites per 0.25 m2 was in the order: intermediate salinity > non‐salinized > heavy salinity. At the heavy and intermediate sites, the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation per sub‐quadrat was higher than expected from a random pattern, but not at the non‐salinized site. At the heavily salinized site, the spatial patterns of two halophytes with the highest occurrences drove the high spatial heterogeneity in species richness. In contrast, at the non‐salinized site, two low‐level halophytes with the highest occurrences determined the random pattern. The intermediate salinity site, where high‐ and low‐level halophytes could coexist in accordance with small‐scale spatial changes in salinity, had the highest species richness with relatively high spatial heterogeneity (which accepted the Grime's hypothesis). Our working hypothesis for remediating vegetation and soil in salinized grasslands is to inhibit grazing, and to grow species that accumulate organic matter in soil. For this, halophyte species with large spatial heterogeneity/body size would be effective.
In from the cold?BenRoberts and Conservative industrial relations reform
Authors: Kelly John 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOver the course of his career Professor Ben Roberts became an increasingly vocal critic of the trade union movement and a firm advocate of the case for legal restrictions on their activities. The growing influence of neoliberal ideas inside the Conservative Party, driven by think tanks such as the Institute of Economic Affairs, could have provided him with the opportunity to exert some influence over industrial relations policymaking, after years of political isolation. In fact Ben Roberts remained on the margins of the policy networks that constructed the Thatcherite programme of industrial relations reform. His labour movement background and lack of involvement in think tank seminars and activities made it difficult for him to penetrate the tight and cohesive networks that were integral to Conservative policymaking. In any case his main focus was institution building in the academic world of industrial relations, rather than policymaking in the political world, and his legacy continues today in the British Journal of Industrial Relations and the International Labour and Employment Relations Association.
Semiconductive Behavior of Polymer‐Derived SiCN Ceramics for Hydrogen Sensing
Authors: Hu Lung‐Hao , Raj Rishi 
Published: February 2015

A low‐cost sensing mechanism of hydrogen gas is developed using polymer‐derived ceramic, a liquid organic precursor, polysilazane with the addition of 5 wt% of photoinitiator, 2,2 Dimethoxy‐2‐phenyl acephenone. UV photopolymerization is utilized to partially cross‐link the H‐shaped free standing specimen, and then pyrolyzed at 1400°C in hot isostatic press under nitrogen gas to convert the partially cross‐linked polymer into conducting and amorphous ceramic, silicon carbonitride. This work presents the preparation of free standing silicon carbonitride specimens as the sensor body for sensing hydrogen gas, depending on the semiconductive behavior of polymer‐derived ceramics in high‐temperature environments. The band gap of silicon carbonitride would be varied from adsorbing hydrogen molecules on the surface of the H‐shaped free standing specimen with two different thicknesses. An amenable specimen‐geometry for the four‐point test of measuring resistance is developed in a furnace filled with pure hydrogen and vacuumed environments.
Paediatric cutaneous lymphomas: a review and comparison with adult counterparts
Authors: Kempf W. , Kazakov D. V. , Belousova I. E. , Mitteldorf C. , Kerl K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrimary cutaneous lymphomas (CL) in children is rare. Only a few studies focused specifically on paediatric CL and therefore little is known whether primary CL in children are similar to or different from their adult counterparts with respect to the clinicopathological presentation, behaviour and prognosis. An extensive literature search using PubMed/MEDLINE from January 1995 through July 2014 was undertaken for articles reporting cases of paediatric CL. In addition, we identified 31 children with CL in our institutions. Mycosis fungoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are the two most prevalent lymphoma forms in children. A few entities of cutaneous lymphomas such as cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma leg type, and Sézary syndrome have not been reported so far in children. Other lymphoma entities such as hydroa vacciniforme‐like lymphoma are mostly seen in certain geographic areas (Asia, Central and South America). In the paediatric population, low‐malignant indolent forms such as primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma are very rare, whereas the more aggressive forms of B‐cell lymphomas, precursor lymphoblastic lymphomas, and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm are the most common forms in children, mostly involving the skin secondarily. Most paediatric lymphomas have similar clinicopathological features and course as their adults counterparts, particularly in the group of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. The spectrum of cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas in children significantly differs from the one in adults. Diagnostic work‐up and treatment of paediatric patients with lymphomas are best achieved in close collaboration with paediatric haematopathologists and oncologists.