bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advocacy for the “Abandonados”: Harnessing Cultural Beliefs for Latino Families and Their Children With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Cohen Shana R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCommunity services and supports for children with intellectual disabilities (ID) can ameliorate the negative effects of caregiving and enhance child outcomes. For example, in Central and South America, many children with disabilities are institutionalized with inadequate sanitation and medical care. In the United States, certain demographic factors (e.g., poverty, limited access to healthcare, language barriers, and immigrant status) contribute to the underdiagnosis and poor‐quality treatment of Latino families and their children with ID, thus limiting their access to effective community and family supports. This paper utilizes a cultural lens to target advocacy as a mechanism for improving access to local community services and social supports for children with ID. The author examines specific cultural beliefs regarding family support and child development among Latino families, and provides policy recommendations derived from these cultural beliefs that aim to enhance advocacy efforts among Latino caregivers. The author notes that effective advocacy, at the family and at the policy level, can be a useful tool to access crucial community and social supports that enhance child and family outcomes.
Obtaining Medical Records for Women With Intellectual Disabilities in a Community‐Based Health Promotion Intervention
Authors: Swaine Jamie G. , Parish Susan L. , Ghosh Subharati , Luken Karen , Wright Grace A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere is a critical need for objective data about receipt of preventive healthcare screenings that are not subject to self‐response bias. However, no available evidence indicates which methods are effective for obtaining retrospective medical record data for women with intellectual disabilities (ID) receiving care in the community. This article describes a procedure for obtaining retrospective medical record data for 199 women with ID who took part in a community‐based, multisite, randomized controlled trial of a health education intervention. Data were analyzed to determine rates of correct physician identification and physician response rates during the 2006–2009 study periods. To assess accuracy in identifying physicians and response rates over time, McNemar's test of paired proportions for dependent samples was used. Physician identification varied over time with correct identification being highest in more recent years. The majority of practices responded to our requests for medical record data; however, response rates and item completion rates were highest for the most recent data, with rates declining significantly for data from earlier years. Obtaining retrospective medical record data from community‐based medical practices is possible, but difficult. Therefore, researchers should budget resources to accommodate a lengthy process with extensive follow‐up. Researchers interested in older medical data face additional challenges in obtaining complete records.
Residual proteinuria and eGFR predict progression of renal impairment within 2 years in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy who are receiving optimal treatment with angiotensin receptor blockers
Authors: Ivory Sara E , Packham David K , Reutens Anne T , Wolfe Rory , Rohde Richard D , Lewis Julia , Atkins Robert C ,   the Collaborative Study Group
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimProteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) predict progression of renal impairment in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) but are they still predictive when these patients are treated with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)? We investigated whether residual (after ≥3 months of ARB treatment) urinary protein/creatinine ratio (rPCR) or urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (rACR) and residual eGFR (reGFR), predict subsequent progression.MethodsOne thousand, two hundred and forty‐five patients with type 2 DN from two international multi‐center studies were analysed. Cross classification of rPCR, rACR with reGFR (rPCR: <1000, 1000–<2000 and ≥2000 mg/g; rACR: <666.7, 666.7–<1333.3 and ≥1333.3 mg/g; reGFR: 15–29, 30–44 and 45–59 mL/min per 1.73 m2). Progression of renal disease exhibited as: end stage renal failure, doubling of serum creatinine, or serum creatinine ≥6 mg/dL.ResultsIncreasing rPCR or rACR, and decreasing reGFR were strongly associated with increasing risk of renal disease progression, with no evidence of interaction between rPCR and reGFR, or rACR and reGFR. The estimated 24‐month risk was low (<8%) for patients with rPCR <1000 mg/g regardless of reGFR, for patients with reGFR ≥45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 regardless of rPCR, or with rPCR between 1000–<2000 mg/g and reGFR ≥30 mL/min per 1.73 m2. However, the risk rose steeply (to 39.4%) for reGFR <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and rPCR ≥2000 mg/g.ConclusionDespite DN patients being treated with ARB, renal disease progression risk over 2 years increases with increasing proteinuria, albuminuria and decreasing eGFR. Recognition of these risk factors’ impact is important in patient management and future clinical trial design.
Drug provocation tests in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity reactions to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in children
Authors: Zambonino Maria A. , Torres Maria J. , Muñoz Candelaria , Requena Gloria , Mayorga Cristobalina , Posadas Teresa , Urda Antonio , Blanca Miguel , Corzo Jose L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroductionHypersensitivity reactions to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently reported reaction to drugs. They can be induced by pharmacological mechanisms (cyclooxygenase inhibition), with patients classified as cross‐intolerant (CI), or by specific immunological mechanisms, IgE or T cell, with patients classified as selective reactors (SR).ObjectiveTo analyse a large group of children with a history of NSAID hypersensitivity diagnosed by drug provocation test (DPT).MethodsA group of 63 children with a history of NSAID hypersensitivity were evaluated by DPT. The children were classified as CI or SR depending on the acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) response in DPT. The atopic status was also assessed by prick tests and total IgE in serum.ResultsUsing DPT, 68.2% were confirmed as having hypersensitivity, 58.1% classified as CI and 41.9% as SR. Of the 119 DPT performed, 73 were positive (53.4% to ibuprofen, 37% to ASA, 8.2% to metamizol and 14% to paracetamol); angio‐oedema was present in 86.3% of cases. All CI cases tolerated the administration of paracetamol. A significant number of the CI children were atopic compared with the SR children and non‐allergic controls.ConclusionIn these children, CI hypersensitivity to NSAIDs was the most frequent type of hypersensitivity reaction. Ibuprofen was the drug most often involved, angio‐oedema the most common entity, and frequently associated with atopy. DPT proved a safe approach for diagnosing these patients.
Microbes, mud and methane: cause and consequence of recurrent Early Jurassic anoxia following the end‐Triassic mass extinction
Authors: van de Schootbrugge Bas , Bachan Aviv , Suan Guillaume , Richoz Sylvain , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe end‐Triassic mass extinction (c. 201.6 Ma) was one of the five largest mass‐extinction events in the history of animal life. It was also associated with a dramatic, long‐lasting change in sedimentation style along the margins of the Tethys Ocean, from generally organic‐matter‐poor sediments during the Triassic to generally organic‐matter‐rich black shales during the Jurassic. New core material from Germany provides biomarker evidence of persistent photic‐zone euxinia during the Hettangian, the onset of which is associated with a series of both negative and positive carbon isotope excursions. Combined inorganic and organic geochemical and micropalaeontological analyses reveal strong similarities between the Hettangian and the better‐known Toarcian anoxic event. These events appear to be the most clearly expressed events within a series of anoxic episodes that also include poorly studied black shale intervals during the Sinemurian and Pliensbachian. Both the Hettangian and Toarcian events are marked by important changes in phytoplankton assemblages from chromophyte‐ to chlorophyte‐dominated assemblages within the European Epicontinental Seaway. Phytoplankton changes occurred in association with the establishment of photic‐zone euxinia, driven by a general increase in salinity stratification and warming of surface waters. For both events, the causes of large negative carbon isotope excursions remain incompletely understood; evidence exists for both variation in the δ13C of atmospheric CO2 and variation in the sources of organic carbon. Regardless of the causes of δ13C variability, long‐term ocean anoxia during the Early Jurassic can be attributed to greenhouse warming and increased nutrient delivery to the oceans triggered by flood basalt volcanism.
Biological and biochemical characterization of HIV‐1 Gag/dgp41 virus‐like particles expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Kessans Sarah A. , Linhart Mark D. , Matoba Nobuyuki , Mor Tsafrir 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe transmembrane HIV‐1 envelope protein gp41 has been shown to play critical roles in the viral mucosal transmission and infection of CD4+ cells. Gag is a structural protein configuring the enveloped viral particles and has been suggested to constitute a target of the cellular immunity that may control viral load. We hypothesized that HIV enveloped virus‐like particles (VLPs) consisting of Gag and a deconstructed form of gp41 comprising the membrane proximal external, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains (dgp41) could be expressed in plants. To this end, plant‐optimized HIV‐1 genes were constructed and expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana by stable transformation, or transiently using a Tobamovirus‐based expression system or a combination of both. Our results of biophysical, biochemical and electron microscopy characterization demonstrates that plant cells could support not only the formation of enveloped HIV‐1 Gag VLPs, but also the accumulation of VLPs that incorporated dgp41. These findings provide further impetus for the journey towards a broadly efficacious and inexpensive subunit vaccine against HIV‐1.
Europe without an Endpoint. Period
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallardo Xavier , Van Houtum Henk 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis contribution focuses on the borderscape of a flat area situated at the southernmost tip of Gibraltar, at the edge of the European Continent, which is illustratively and interestingly named Europa Point. We will argue that, as an evoking geographical belvedere of cultural and continental interrelationships, Europa Point directs attention to the inherent sociospatial ambiguities of EUrope. Embodying a crucial topo within the European sociospatial b/ordering process, this borderscape stimulates to observe Europe's limits through a non‐binary lens. The text aims at providing an unfrozen alternative visualisation of the symbolic and territorial margins of the EU. Echoing De Rougemont's conceptualisation of Europe's existence through its search for the infinite, it depicts Europa Point as a springboard and platform to the perpetual commencement of the European adventure.
Imported malaria: a possible threat to the elimination of malaria from Sri Lanka?
Authors: Galappaththy G. N. L. , Fernando S. D. , Abeyasinghe R. R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo discuss epidemiological aspects of imported malaria and the potential impact of imported malaria cases reported in Sri Lanka 2008–2011 in terms of a possible resurgence of the disease.MethodsThe national malaria database was used to assess details regarding country where the infection was possibly acquired, species of Plasmodium, number of days lapsed between disembarkation in Sri Lanka and diagnosis, compliance with national treatment guidelines including percentage of patients followed up as per the national guidelines.ResultsAfter the strengthening of malaria surveillance, during the 4‐year period, 152 imported malaria cases were recorded: an increase of 176% in the number of cases. Most of the imported malaria infections were acquired by Sri Lankan Nationals mainly from South Asia, especially India. Plasmodium vivax accounted for 64% of the infections. Approximately 50% of the cases were diagnosed in the Western Province. The average period from disembarkation in Sri Lanka to malaria diagnosis was 3.6 days. Patients were managed and treated according to the national guidelines. 82% of the patients were followed up for 28 days to ensure parasite clearance.ConclusionsThere is a possible increasing risk of re‐introduction of malaria to the country from imported cases. Enhanced surveillance activities and the increase in international travel have contributed to an increase in recorded case numbers. There is a need to further strengthen surveillance, especially for monitoring and timely addressing of imported malaria, if the country is to prevent the re‐establishment of transmission within. The importance of having an efficient response mechanism to deal with imported malaria is also highlighted.
Expression and functionality of TRPV1 receptor in human MCF‐7 and canine CF.41 cells
Authors: Vercelli C. , Barbero R. , Cuniberti B. , Odore R. , Re G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAs canine mammary tumours (CMT) and human breast cancer share clinical and prognostic features, the former have been proposed as a model to study carcinogenesis and improved therapeutic treatment in human breast cancer. In recent years, it has been shown that transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is expressed in different neoplastic tissues and its activation has been associated with regulation of cancer growth and progression. The aim of the present research was to demonstrate the presence of TRPV1 in human and canine mammary cancer cells, MCF‐7 and CF.41, respectively, and to study the role of TRPV1 in regulating cell proliferation. The images obtained by Western blot showed a signal at 100 kDa corresponding to the molecular weight of TRPV1 receptor. All tested TRPV1 agonists and antagonists caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of cell growth rate in MCF‐7 cells. By contrast, in CF.41 cells capsaicin and capsazepine induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in cell proliferation, whereas resiniferatoxin (RTX) and 5‐iodo‐resiniferatoxin (5‐I‐RTX) had no influence on CF.41 cell proliferation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the different effects evoked by TRPV1 activation in MCF‐7 and CF.41 cells.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Efficacy of β-Lactams against Replicating and Slowly Growing/Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Solapure Suresh , Dinesh Neela , Shandil Radha , Ramachandran Vasanthi , Sharma Sreevalli , Bhattacharjee Deepa , Ganguly Samit , Reddy Jitendar , Ahuja Vijaykamal , Panduga Vijender , Parab Manish , Vishwas K. G. , Kumar Naveen , Balganesh Meenakshi , Balasubramanian V. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Beta-lactams, in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors, are reported to have activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacteria growing in broth, as well as inside the human macrophage. We tested representative beta-lactams belonging to 3 different classes for activity against replicating
M. tuberculosis
in broth and nonreplicating
M. tuberculosis
under hypoxia, as well as against streptomycin-starved
M. tuberculosis
strain 18b (ss18b) in the presence or absence of clavulanate. Most of the combinations showed bactericidal activity against replicating
M. tuberculosis
, with up to 200-fold improvement in potency in the presence of clavulanate. None of the combinations, including those containing meropenem, imipenem, and faropenem, killed
M. tuberculosis
under hypoxia. However, faropenem- and meropenem-containing combinations killed strain ss18b moderately. We tested the bactericidal activities of meropenem-clavulanate and amoxicillin-clavulanate combinations in the acute and chronic aerosol infection models of tuberculosis in BALB/c mice. Based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indexes reported for beta-lactams against other bacterial pathogens, a cumulative percentage of a 24-h period that the drug concentration exceeds the MIC under steady-state pharmacokinetic conditions (%
T
MIC
) of 20 to 40% was achieved in mice using a suitable dosing regimen. Both combinations showed marginal reduction in lung CFU compared to the late controls in the acute model, whereas both were inactive in the chronic model.
Potency and Spectrum of Activity of AN3365, a Novel Boron-Containing Protein Synthesis Inhibitor, Tested against Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: Mendes Rodrigo E. , Alley M. R. K. , Sader Helio S. , Biedenbach Douglas J. , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

AN3365 (MIC
50/90
, 0.5/1 μg/ml) was active against
Enterobacteriaceae
, including a subset of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC)-producing
K. pneumoniae
strains (MIC
50/90
, 1/2 μg/ml). AN3365 inhibited 98.0 and 92.2% of wild-type (MIC
50/90
, 2/8 μg/ml) and carbapenem-resistant (MIC
50/90
, 4/8 μg/ml)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains, respectively, at ≤8 μg/ml. AN3365 also demonstrated activity against wild-type
Acinetobacter baumannii
(MIC
50/90
, 2/8 μg/ml) and
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
(MIC
50/90
, 2/4 μg/ml), while it was less active against multidrug-resistant
A. baumannii
(MIC
50/90
, 8/16 μg/ml) and
Burkholderia cepacia
(MIC
50/90
, 8/32 μg/ml).
Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Phase 2 Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Solithromycin (CEM-101) to Those of Oral Levofloxacin in the Treatment of Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: Oldach David , Clark Kay , Schranz Jennifer , Das Anita , Craft J Carl , Scott Drusilla , Jamieson Brian D. , Fernandes Prabhavathi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Solithromycin, a new macrolide, and the first fluoroketolide in clinical development, with activity against macrolide-resistant bacteria, was tested in 132 patients with moderate to moderately severe community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized phase 2 study. Patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1) to either 800 mg solithromycin orally (PO) on day 1, followed by 400 mg PO daily on days 2 to 5, or 750 mg levofloxacin PO daily on days 1 to 5. Efficacy outcome rates of clinical success at the test-of-cure visit 4 to 11 days after the last dose of study drug were comparable in the intent-to-treat (ITT) (84.6% for solithromycin versus 86.6% for levofloxacin) and microbiological-intent-to-treat (micro-ITT) (77.8% for solithromycin versus 71.4% for levofloxacin) populations. Early response success rates at day 3, defined as improvement in at least two cardinal symptoms of pneumonia, were also comparable (72.3% for solithromycin versus 71.6% for levofloxacin). More patients treated with levofloxacin than with solithromycin experienced treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) during the study (45.6% versus 29.7%). The majority of TEAEs were mild or moderate gastrointestinal symptoms and included nausea (1.6% for solithromycin; 10.3% for levofloxacin), diarrhea (7.8% for solithromycin; 5.9% for levofloxacin), and vomiting (0% for solithromycin; 4.4% for levofloxacin). Six patients, all of whom received levofloxacin, discontinued the study drug due to an adverse event. Solithromycin demonstrated comparable efficacy and favorable safety relative to levofloxacin. These findings support a phase 3 study of solithromycin for the treatment of CABP. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01168713.)
In Vivo
Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Activity of a Sulfated Derivative of Agaricus brasiliensis Mycelial Polysaccharide
Authors: Cardozo F. T. G. S. , Larsen I. V. , Carballo E. V. , Jose G. , Stern R. A. , Brummel R. C. , Camelini C. M. , Rossi M. J. , Simões C. M. O. , Brandt C. R. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Agaricus brasiliensis
(syn.
A. subrufescens
), a basidiomycete fungus native to the Atlantic forest in Brazil, contains cell walls rich in glucomannan polysaccharides. The β-(1→2)-gluco-β-(1→3)-mannan was isolated from
A. brasiliensis
mycelium, chemically modified by sulfation, and named MI-S. MI-S has multiple mechanisms of action, including inhibition of herpes simplex virus (HSV) attachment, entry, and cell-to-cell spread (F. T. G. S. Cardozo, C. M. Camelini, A. Mascarello, M. J. Rossi, R. J. Nunes, C. R. Barardi, M. M. de Mendonça, and C. M. O. Simões, Antiviral Res. 92:108–114, 2011). The antiherpetic efficacy of MI-S was assessed in murine ocular, cutaneous, and genital infection models of HSV. Groups of 10 mice were infected with HSV-1 (strain KOS) or HSV-2 (strain 333). MI-S was given either topically or by oral gavage under various pre- and posttreatment regimens, and the severity of disease and viral titers in ocular and vaginal samples were determined. No toxicity was observed in the uninfected groups treated with MI-S. The topical and oral treatments with MI-S were not effective in reducing ocular disease. Topical application of MI-S on skin lesions was also not effective, but cutaneously infected mice treated orally with MI-S had significantly reduced disease scores (
P
< 0.05) after day 9, suggesting that healing was accelerated. Vaginal administration of MI-S 20 min before viral challenge reduced the mean disease scores on days 5 to 9 (
P
< 0.05), viral titers on day 1 (
P
< 0.05), and mortality (
P
< 0.0001) in comparison to the control groups (untreated and vehicle treated). These results show that MI-S may be useful as an oral agent to reduce the severity of HSV cutaneous and mucosal lesions and, more importantly, as a microbicide to block sexual transmission of HSV-2 genital infections.
Comparison of Oseltamivir and Oseltamivir Carboxylate Concentrations in Venous Plasma, Venous Blood, and Capillary Blood in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Instiaty Insti , Lindegardh Niklas , Jittmala Podjanee , Hanpithakpong Warunee , Blessborn Daniel , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , White Nicholas J. , Tarning Joel 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate concentrations were measured in venous plasma, venous blood, and capillary blood taken simultaneously from 24 healthy volunteers. Median (range) venous-blood-to-plasma ratios were 1.42 (0.920 to 1.97) for oseltamivir and 0.673 (0.564 to 0.814) for oseltamivir carboxylate. Capillary blood/venous plasma ratios were 1.32 (0.737 to 3.16) for oseltamivir and 0.685 (0.502 to 1.34) for oseltamivir carboxylate. Oseltamivir concentrations in venous and capillary blood were similar. Oseltamivir carboxylate showed a time-dependent distribution between venous and capillary blood.