bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAMPOLINE INJURY PREVENTION – CAN ‘FALL-OFF’ AND ‘FALL-ONTO’ INJURIES BE ELIMINATED WITH GOOD PRODUCT DESIGN?
Authors: Eager D , Chapman C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjuries from trampoline related accidents place a heavy burden on society directly through suffering among children and adolescents and indirectly via the costs associated with hospital admissions and emergency department presentations. In Australia, trampoline injuries represent approximately 25% of all childhood play equipment related injuries. Of these injuries the ‘fall-off’ trampoline (25%) and ‘fall-onto’ the trampoline (60-80%) represent the most frequent and serious injuries.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to verify whether good engineering design leads to a reduction in ‘fall-off’ and ‘fall-onto’ trampoline injuries.MethodsA survey of trampoline injuries was undertaken by contacting users of trampolines where the trampolines had been specifically designed to eliminate ‘fall-off’ and ‘fall-onto’ injuries.ResultsThe results from 3817 users of trampolines that had been engineered to eliminate ‘fall-off’ and ‘fall-onto’ injuries were compared with published ‘traditional’ trampoline injury data. A significantly lower proportion of injuries were noted from trampolines that had been engineered with soft-edges and effective enclosures for both ‘fall-off’ and ‘fall-onto’.SignificanceThis research confirms that with appropriate engineering design interventions both the frequency and severity of trampoline injuries can be significantly reduced.
TOWARDS SAFER ROADS IN PUTRAJAYA THROUGH COMMUNITY BASED PROGRAMME
Authors: Ghani Y , Md Junoh AR , Yussof A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoad safety is an alarming issue in Malaysia with a new record high of 6877 deaths in 2011. The nation lost an estimated 2.65% of its annual Gross Domestic Product due to road crashes. Even at the nation's administrative capital Putrajaya, with a population of 90 000, 11 deaths were recorded in 2010.ObjectivesIn 2011, the Putrajaya's administration embarked on a ‘Safe City Concept’ with emphasis on Community Based Programme (CBP) for road safety. The CBP was aimed at achieving higher compliance of seatbelt and helmet wearing.MethodsPrecinct 8 in Putrajaya was chosen as a locality for case study while Precinct 16 was chosen as a control location. A 6-month intervention programmes involving social marketing campaigns, education, and enforcement activities were carried out. In contrast, no intervention was held in Precinct 16. Observation study was carried out to determine the helmet and seatbelt compliance, whereas survey was used to determine the level of awareness and behaviour change. Children's understanding on road safety was measured through an indoor game calledDeCare Xploration.ResultsThe CBP is capable of delivering positive results with greater compliance for both helmet and seatbelt wearing. The seatbelt compliance increased from 42% to 58% while the helmet compliance was also up from 70% to 85%.Significance to the FieldThe study indicates that a combination of education, social marketing campaign and enforcement are effective in achieving safer roads. This study can be replicated in other localities.
TRANSLATING INJURY PREVENTION RESEARCH: A RESOURCE FOR STATE POLICY MAKERS
Authors: Frattaroli S , Pollack K , Samuels A , Vernick J , Gielen A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEvidence to inform decisions about injury-related policies exists; however, such information is not readily accessible to policy makers.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo develop and disseminate a tool for state policy makers that summarises the evidence on key injury issues affecting the state. To survey policy makers about the utility of the product.MethodsWe documented the development of the tool and tracked our dissemination efforts. We fielded a nine question electronic survey of the 188 Maryland state legislators.Results/OutcomesWe developed Preventing Injuries in Maryland: A Resource for State Policy Makers (details will be provided about the development process and the product) and disseminated hard copies and an electronic link to policy makers, advocates, and the media. Twenty-seven percent of policymakers responded to our survey; 39% of those reported they knew about the Resource and 35% reported they used it while the legislature was in session. Respondents reported most often using information in the Resource related to alcohol and injury, and distracted driving. Respondents also provided suggestions for future dissemination (eg, more intensive dissemination efforts that include meetings early in the session with legislators, earlier distribution) and we incorporated those suggestions into our dissemination strategy for later editions of the Resource.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe Resource offers a format for translating injury research to meet the needs of policy makers. As our field looks for ways to assure that evidence is a part of decision-making, the Resource offers a viable model for accomplishing that goal.
A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF DOG BITE RISK FACTORS IN A DOMESTIC SETTING TO CHILDREN AGED 9 YEARS AND UNDER
Authors: Watson L , Ashby K , Day L , Newstead S , Cassell E 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn Victoria, children aged 0–9 years account for 83% of hospital admissions and 73% of hospital presentations for dog bite injury. More than two thirds of bites to children occur in a domestic setting.Aim/Objectives/PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for dog bite-related injury in a domestic setting to children aged 0–9 years.MethodsThe study region comprised the catchment of seven emergency departments (EDs). Case data were obtained from a call back study of 51 child dog bite victims who presented to the study EDs. Controls were 102 children aged 9 years and under exposed to dogs in a domestic situation in the study region and who were not bitten. Data was collected via self-report in response to an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using logistic regression.Results/OutcomesUnadjusted analysis identified several risk factors including overconfidence with dogs (OR 6.01, 95% CI 2.89 to 12.7), provocation by the child (OR 13.43, 95% CI 5.71 to 31.63), neuter status of the dog (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.59) and lack of supervision (OR 10.32, 95% CI 3.80 to 28.01). Breed did not appear to be a factor with forty-three different pure bred and mixed-breed dogs involved in 51 bite incidents. Additional analysis controlled for the effects of confounding variables.Significance/Contribution to the FieldIdentification of risk factors has the potential to reduce dog bite-related injury to children in a domestic setting by guiding future interventions, including education and policy. This is the first time a case-control study of this nature, using hospital data, has been conducted.
IT SHOULDN'T HURT: CREATING POLICIES AND PLACES FOR INJURY-FREE ACTIVE LIVING FOR CHILDREN
Authors: Pollack K , Kercher C , Frattarolli S , Peek Asa C , Sleet D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundBeing active is essential to the health and well-being of children and is often promoted to address obesity, but physical activity can also lead to injuries. Effective injury prevention programmes must accompany efforts to increase physical activity among youth, so that the health benefits from active living are not outweighed by a significant increase in injuries.ObjectiveDescribe the evidence base concerning unintentional injuries associated with popular physical activities, and discuss how injury prevention and obesity prevention professionals can work together to prevent injuries while promoting active lifestyles.MethodsReview of the scientific literature related to reducing injuries during leading physical activities for youth (walking, bicycling, swimming, sports and recreation, and play on playgrounds), and effective place-based policies and design principles that can prevent injuries while promoting active lifestyles for children.ResultsSince injury prevention and active living share a focus on making physical places appealing and safe for children to be active, effective place-focused interventions can be implemented. Along with these changes, interventions that encourage behavioural adaptation are also needed. Sweden's comprehensive efforts to change the environment and implement policies to reduce its child injury death rate provide a good case study of how injury prevention efforts may also increase opportunities for safe physical activity.SignificanceEfforts to increase youth physical activity should occur in partnership with injury prevention professionals, who can reach out to those working in chronic disease prevention, and vice versa. These collaborations help promote optimal child health and low risk for injury.
EFFECT OF A GRADUATED DRIVER LICENSING DECAL PROVISION ON THE RATE OF CRASHES AND CITATIONS AMONG YOUNG PROBATIONARY DRIVERS
Authors: Curry A , Pfeiffer M , Localio R , Durbin D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDecal provisions have been implemented internationally to facilitate police enforcement of Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) law restrictions (eg, passenger limits, nighttime curfew). However, a rigorous evaluation of this provision has not yet been conducted. The state of New Jersey (NJ) implemented the first-in-the-US decal provision on 1 May 2010.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo evaluate the effect of NJ's decal provision on the rate of citations issued for violation of GDL restrictions and police-reported crashes among probationary drivers <21 years of age.MethodsWe linked NJ's crash and licensing databases from 1 January 2008 through 31 May 2011 to identify each driver's monthly license status, age, and outcome status. Monthly rates were calculated as the proportion of licensed probationary drivers who experienced the outcome in that month. Negative binomial regression models with robust SEs were used to determine the decal's effect on crash and citation rates.Results/OutcomesIn the first year after the law's implementation, there was a two-fold increase in the GDL citation rate (adjusted RR (95% CI) 2.02 (1.79 to 2.27)), a 9% reduction in the rate of police-reported crashes (adjusted RR (95% CI) 0.91 (0.86 to 0.97)), and a predicted 1624 young probationary drivers whose crashes were prevented by the law.Significance/Contribution to the fieldThis study uniquely contributes to the international scientific evidence base for GDL by providing the first evidence of the effectiveness of a decal provision in enhancing enforcement of GDL restrictions and reducing probationary driver crashes.
PREDICTORS OF LONG TERM OUTCOMES FOLLOWING MAJOR TRAUMA: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Gabbe B , Sutherland A , Hart M , Morgan M , McLellan S , Wilson K , Cameron P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundMeasuring the disability associated with injury is important for quantifying the burden of injury, evaluating the quality of trauma care, and for guiding the provision of health care for trauma survivors. The population-based, Victorian State Trauma Registry routinely collects post-discharge outcomes of trauma survivors.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study aimed to describe the pattern of recovery and predictors of outcome of major trauma survivors.Methods4368 adult major trauma patients, eligible for 6, 12 and 24-months post-injury follow-up (injured July 2007–December 2009) were analysed. SF-12, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E), pain scores and return to work (RTW) were collected by telephone interview. Multivariate random effects regression models were fitted to identify predictors of, and change in, outcomes over time.Results/Outcome96% of cases were followed-up at one; 86% at two; and 69% at all, time points. 26% had fully recovered at 24-months, 71% had RTW, 62% were pain-free, but physical (PCS-12) and mental (MCS-12) health were below population norms. The adjusted odds of functional recovery (GOS-E=8), RTW, and pain free status increased from 6- to12-months, and from 12- to 24-months. MCS-12 scores were unchanged from 6- to 12-months, but increased from 12- to 24-months, while PCS-12 scores increased from 6- to 12-months only. Predictors of outcome were age, gender, nature of injury and intent, compensable status, educational level, and comorbid status.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe pattern of recovery for each outcome differed but improvement to 24-months post-injury was evident. Ongoing disability was prevalent, with clear predictors of poor outcome.
ANALYSIS OF INJURY TRENDS—SHOW ME THE ELBOW!
Authors: Do, S Mcfaull MT 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA cornerstone of surveillance is the timely dissemination of information to those needing to know. However, injury data is often noisy and the qualitative assessment of trends can be problematic making the dissemination of information difficult. A quantitative method is needed to objectively characterise injury trends.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study evaluated the applicability of JoinPoint software developed for cancer research to injury data collected by the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Programme (CHIRPP). Specifically, JoinPoint regression was used to quantify trends and identify important inflection points (ie, elbows) in a test-dataset.MethodsThe test-dataset consisted of all hockey-related brain injuries reported to CHIRPP between 1990 and 2009. Hockey injuries were chosen because the general temporal pattern is well known, which would facilitate evaluation of the method. JoinPoint statistical software was used to quantify injury trends across calendar months. Statistical significance of inflection points was tested using Monte Carlo permutation methods.Results/OutcomesBetween 1990 and 2009, there were 5868 hockey related brain injuries reported to CHIRPP. Given that hockey is a winter sport, 71% of the cases were reported between the winter months. The elbows (inflection points) were found in August where the number of cases began to rise until peaked in November. The average annual percent change of 51% was significantly different from zero at α=0.05.Significance/Contribution to the FieldFrom the methodological perspective, we demonstrated the utility of JoinPoint regression to CHIRPP data on hockey-related brain injuries. Surveillance information extracted using JoinPoint could be used in evidence-based policy and prevention efforts.
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR CHILD INJURY PREVENTION-LAUNCHING A ROADMAP FOR AN INJURY-FREE CHILDHOOD
Authors: Baldwin G , Pogostin C , Sleet D , Ballesteros M , Salazar A , Gilchrist J , Dorigo L , Huitric M , Myers G , Seiber K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn 2009, more than 9000 children and adolescents 0–19-years-old in the USA died from an unintentional injury—with the main causes including motor vehicle crashes, suffocations, drownings, poisonings, fires, and falls. The National Action Plan for Child Injury Prevention (NAP) was drafted to guide essential actions needed to reduce the burden of childhood injuries in America.Aims/Objectives/PurposeProvide an overview of the development process for the NAP; describe the NAP launch (April 2012) and implementation plan; and highlight ways others can use the NAP and the process of its development to inform their child injury prevention efforts.MethodsAs part of the US response to the WHO/UNICEF World Report on Child Injury Prevention, CDC worked closely with 60+ partner organisations to identify what we know, where we need to go, and how to get there in child injury prevention—codifying 22 goals and over 120 strategies.Results/OutcomeThe NAP is a concrete roadmap to strengthen the collection and interpretation of data and surveillance, promote research, enhance communications, improve education and training, advance health systems, and inform policy in child injury prevention.Significance/Contribution to the fieldThe NAP provides a framework for guiding national, state and local efforts to reduce childhood injuries. It offers, for the first time, a specific set of goals and actions that can be used by federal and state agencies, advocates, NGOs and policy makers to reduce injuries. It may serve as an example for other countries.
REGULATORY APPROACH TO BUTTON BATTERIES
Authors: Jamieson J , Burela K 
Published: October 2012

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has been assessing the safety of lithium-cell button batteries since August 2010.Part of this assessment compared the Australian injury experience with published USA data. This confirmed a similar level and nature of injuries in both countries. The study included an Australian market survey of these batteries and their packaging. Suppliers were consulted for safety information. The survey revealed that some packaging allowed easy access by children to multiple batteries. However, some batteries were individually packaged within an all-plastic seal that made access by children more difficult. The warnings on the packaging also varied. Some warnings detailed the hazards associated with ingestion by small children whereas other products had no relevant warnings or focused solely on disposal of the product after use. The security of battery compartments in products most commonly known for using button batteries was also surveyed. The top two products identified with unsafe battery compartments were LED candles and bathroom scales. The survey also revealed that while remote controls were often powered by button batteries, these compartments were predominantly secured. The ACCC is also monitoring current standards development work. At this stage it appears that some products such as bathroom scales will not be captured in Australia by current standards development efforts. In April 2012thebatterycontrolledcampaign was launched in Australia by the ACCC in partnership with Energiser and Kidsafe. This campaign increased awareness in consumers and suppliers of the risks associated with ingestion of lithium-cell button batteries.
BATTERIES NOT INCLUDED: IDENTIFYING DISC BATTERY INJURY IN A HEALTH SETTING
Authors: Barker R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe risk of severe injury and death associated with ingestion or insertion of disc batteries is being recognised by product safety regulators, injury prevention practitioners and specialised clinical health groups worldwide. As prevention efforts step up with public awareness campaigns, there is still a problem in identifying children who have ingested or inserted a disc battery and accessing rapid treatment.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo describe the challenges in recognising children who have been exposed to a disc battery from the point of view of a parent and a clinician using a clinical example. To describe challenges in identifying cases of disc battery exposure in health data.MethodsThe author works as an emergency paediatrician and directs the Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit. The presentation will describe her personal experience of a case of misdiagnosis of an oesophageal disc battery set within the context of injury surveillance data describing the extent of this issue in Queensland.Results/OutcomeThe presentation will clarify reasons for underreporting and inform broader discussion about prevention of disc battery related injury.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis paper is a call for primary prevention as diagnosis is challenging, delays common and the results are potentially fatal.
DEPRESSION, SUICIDAL IDEATION, AND SUICIDAL ATTEMPT PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT; DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE COHORTS
Authors: Chakravarthy B , Hoonpongsimanont W , Anderson CL , Habicht M , Bruckner T , Lotfipour S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe World Health Organisation reported approximately one million deaths by suicide every year. Few studies have looked at factors associated with admission in emergency department (ED) patients with chief complaints of depression, suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempts (SA).ObjectiveTo assess individual determinants associated with ED disposition and length of stay (LOS) in depressed patients presenting to the ED.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2006 to 2008. We used a logistical regression analysis to predict determinants associated with ED disposition and LOS. Factors included demographic information, vital signs, mode of arrival, insurance status, place of residence and concomitant psychiatric diagnosis.ResultsOf the 93 030 subjects, 2314 met the inclusion criteria (1362 depression, 353 SI and 599 SA). The odds of ICU admission were 7.9 times higher in the SA group than in the depression group. SA (OR 3.37), SI (OR 8.31), mood disorder (OR 2.30) and psychotic disorder diagnosis (OR 2.27) were predictors for psychiatric admission. Being male and abnormal triage vital signs were associated with other admissions. Patients who arrived by ambulance were less likely to be discharged. Hispanic patients and patients 15 to 29 were likely to be discharged. No factor was associated with ED LOS.Significance to the FieldOther psychiatric diagnoses, triage vital signs and mode of arrival are important admission predictors. To optimise available resources, emergency physicians and hospital systems should be cognisant of this and consider early consultation for these patients.
INJURY PREVENTION WITH MIGRANT WORKERS IN SWEDISH AGRICULTURE—INITIAL STUDIES WITH EMPLOYER PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Lundqvist P , Svennefelt C Alwall 
Published: October 2012

Background and AimThere has been an increasing share of the work force as migrant workers in agriculture. The injuries and working conditions for these migrant workers are not well documented and their own experiences and attitudes are not yet studied. There is also lacking knowledge about the perspectives of the Swedish co-workers and owners on farms with migrant workers.MethodsA web-based survey among employers has been done in the first part of this project. In the following part there will be work-place studies with interviews involving migrant workers as well as Swedish co-workers and employers to get a base-line of knowledge for further actions.ResultsThe initial web-based survey to employers was responded by almost 4000 farm employers. About 20% of the responders said that they used migrant workers during 2011, the majority from a country within the European Union (EU). The main reason for using migrant workers was lack of Swedish workers and financial reasons. The migrant workers were used for in many different work operations such as: animal production, weeding, planting and harvesting of field crops, forestry work, construction and maintenance of farm buildings. The major problems were related to language issues, such as: communication, information, misunderstandings leading to injuries etc.Contribution to the FieldThe final results will be presented and discussed at a work-shop with involved stakeholders, organisations, authorities, researchers and other in order to create an action plan, a webpage or a ‘hand-book’ for employers/managers as well as a research plan for further research.