bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Robust Optimization Tool Based on Stochastic Optimization Methods for Waterflooding Project
Authors: Ambia Fajril 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The increasing demand of crude oil has led to the increasing needs to improve recovery. Waterflooding is one of the most common secondary recovery techniques applied to many reservoirs. The method of waterflooding is to inject water into the reservoir to maintain reservoir pressure. In general, the determination of well locations is structured to form certain pattern (e.g. five spot). However, it is not the only factor affecting the optimum configuration. Besides reservoir rocks, fluid characteristics and well configurations, injection and production strategies (e.g. rates or bottom hole pressures) can also significantly affecting the overall recovery.
As reported by other researchers, due to the complex nature of reservoir characterizations and fluid properties, the optimization solution of those parameters tends to have many best possible solutions. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) were chosen because their robustness to avoid local optima and finding the global optima of an objective function. The objective function used to drive the solutions were Recovery Factor (RF) and Net Present Value (NPV) of a waterflooding project.
An Optimization tool, (OpTool) was developed to prove that stochastic optimization methods could fit best in optimizing the waterflooding project. This tool is capable to communicate with reservoir simulators with known input/output formats to populate cases that would be evaluated using the well-defined objective functions. A synthetic case was built to show the OpTool capabilities to tackle waterflooding optimization problems. This tool is capable to determine an optimum pattern design (e.g. well spacing) and production and injection strategy to maximizing the RF and NPV of the project.
Effects of Dissolution on the Permeability and Porosity of Limestone and Dolomite in High Pressure CO2/water Systems
Authors: de Freitas Filho Ricardo D. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
During water-alternating gas (WAG) and others processes involving CO2 injection, interactions between the acid brine and reservoir rock take place, promoting changes in reservoir characteristics. In carbonate reservoirs, these interactions may cause rock dissolution due to acid solution-carbonate reaction. The understanding of these interactions impacts strongly on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects using CO2, as well as on the capture and sequestration of CO2 in the reservoir rock as an alternative way to storage of greenhouse gases. This study is dedicated to investigate experimentally interactions between CO2, water and carbonate rock. Experiments involved saturating dolomite and limestone samples by carbonated water under pressures up to 10,000psi in a high-pressure vessel. The vessel was then kept closed for 240h at steps of 48h. At each step, porosity, permeability and mass of the rock were determined. X-ray tomography was carried out for every sample. Analysis of the water composition with regard to the salinity was also made. There were measurable changes in mass, porosity and permeability. Porosity and permeability changes produced improvements or damages on the flow properties, which is related to the fine grains produced during the dissolution process leading to the partial blockage of porous media. Mass reduction was up to 0.95 % and 0.35%, respectively for limestone and dolomite. Permeability varied +/−60% (dolomite) and up to 86% (limestone). Porosity varied +/−3% for dolomite and +/−20% for limestone. The results show that dissolution should be considered in the projects and operations of CO2 injection processes, mainly WAG and carbonated water, which produces acid aqueous solutions able to react to the carbonate rock and causes continuous changes on the rock properties and consequently the oil production system.
Prediction of Barite Sag in Horizontal Annular Flow
Authors: Hashemian Yahya 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Under certain drilling conditions, the weighting material particles such as barite can settle out of the drilling fluid. This phenomenon, known as barite sag, can lead to a number of drilling problems including lost circulation, well control difficulties, poor cement job, and stuck pipe. This study investigates barite sag, both experimentally and numerically, in the annulus under flow conditions.
Experimental work has been conducted on a large flow loop to investigate the effects of major drilling parameters on barite sag by measuring the circulating fluid density. Results of the tests indicate that the highest sag occurs at low annular velocities and rotational speed and also at high inclination angles. It was observed that at inclination angles less than 60°, for any annular velocity, barite sag is not significant. Eccentricity of a non-rotating inner pipe did not have a significant effect on barite sag. However, effects of inner pipe rotation on barite sag for an eccentric annulus are more significant than concentric case.
The simulation part of this study is based on a proposed particle tracking method called "Particle Elimination Technique". The traveling path of each solid particle is assumed to be a function of size and shape of the particle, fluid velocity and rheology. Based on the estimated traveling path of particles, density of the fluid is updated considering the number of particles whose paths lead to the bottom of the annulus and become motionless. In order to capture the complexities associated with the solid-liquid flow, a lift force is assigned to the solid particles that enable adjustment of the model with experimental results.
Comparing the results of numerical simulation to the experimental study on the effects of annular velocity on barite sag in a horizontal annulus shows a good agreement. The numerical simulation was modified from laboratory scale to real wellbore dimensions for practical drilling applications. Results of the simulation show prediction of the density of the drilling fluid in the horizontal section of a wellbore with various lengths and dimensions under different annular velocities.
Two Decades of Behavioral Research on Analytical Procedures: What Have We Learned?
Authors: Messier William F. , Simon Chad A. , Smith Jason L. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARY
This paper presents a comprehensive review of behavioral research on external auditors' use of analytical procedures published over the past two decades. We frame our review around four phases of the analytical procedures process: develop an expectation, establish a tolerable difference, compare the expectation to the recorded amount and investigate significant differences, and evaluate explanations and corroborative evidence. We find that while considerable research has focused on auditors' performance of the latter phases of the analytical procedures process (i.e., investigate significant differences and evaluate explanations and evidence), relatively less research has focused on the initial phases of the process (i.e., setting expectations and establishing thresholds). We also find that prior research has primarily focused on the preliminary and substantive analytical procedure settings with little research examining auditors' judgments and decisions when using analytical procedures at the overall review stage of the audit engagement. Finally, we summarize the significant findings from research in each phase and provide a number of research questions whose answers could improve our understanding and the performance of analytical procedures.
Data Availability: All articles are publicly available.
Effect of canopy openness on the pressure of predatory arthropods and birds on epigeic insects
Authors: Šipoš Jan , Drozdová Michaela , Drozd Pavel 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
As canopy structure produces spatial heterogeneity of litter microclimatic conditions and thus is a crucial factor affecting ground insects, we hypothesized that low canopy openness has a positive effect on the activity of ground insect predators in forest and non-forest habitats. Blowfly larvae were used as bait along the canopy openness gradient (forest interior, forest edge, base of a solitary tree and meadow) and the attack rate was assessed after 30 min of exposure. Although the predation rate has a varying pattern throughout the year in different habitats, in contrast to previous studies, we observed a significant positive trend in predation rates toward the forest interior. A significant trend in predation rate was not observed in non-forest areas. We found that the trend was strongly influenced by ants as the most active taxon of predators (65%) attacking our baits, whereas ground beetles, the second-most active predators (21%), showed the opposite trend along the canopy openness gradient.
In vitro growth of some species of Ascochyta Lib.
Authors: Kosiada Tomasz 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Fungi from the genus Ascochyta are generally facultative saprotrophs, which cause diseases in both monocots and dicots. Over 1 000 species belonging to this genus have been identified, 18 of which infect monocot plants from the family Poaceae. This study analyses the effects of temperature and light on the growth of selected fungi which infect monocots (A. agrostidis, A. avenae, A. brachypodii, A. desmazieri, A. digraphidis, A. ducis-aprutii, A. festucae, A. graminea, A. hordei, A. hordei var. americana, A. hordei var. europea, A. hordei var. hordei, A. melicae, A. phleina, A. skagwayensis, A. sorghi, A. stipae, A. zeicola), grown on three types of media; Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Coon’s agar (CN) and oatmeal agar (OMA). The fastest growth among the analyzed fungi at low temperatures was found in Ascochyta melicae, while at high temperatures it was A. zeicola. The fastest in vitro growth (average of all fungi) was observed on CN medium at 20°C (3.4 mm/day), while the lowest on OM medium at 5°C (1.0 mm/day). Radial mycelial growth in dark and the light conditions varied. On average, all isolates grew faster in the dark (3.1 mm/day) than in the light (1.9 mm/day). The greatest effect on the production of pycnidia was found for the isolates. Variation in growth and production of pycnidia depended on temperature, medium and lighting for fungi from the genus Ascochyta infecting monocots. Such variation indicates a potential occurrence of these fungi in different environments.
Protective effects of glucosamine-kynurenic acid after compression-induced spinal cord injury in the rat
Authors: Korimová Andrea , Cížková Dáša , Toldi Jozsef , Vécsei László , Vanický Ivo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan, is a broad spectrum antagonist of excitatory amino acid receptors, which have also anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties. After spinal cord injury (SCI), excitotoxicity is considered to play a significant role in the processes of secondary tissue destruction in both grey and white matter of the spinal cord. In this study, we have tested the potential therapeutic effect of glucosamine-kynurenic acid, administered after experimental compression-induced SCI in the rat. Spinal application of glucosamine-kynurenic acid continually for 24 hr after experimental SCI resulted in improved motor function recovery, beginning from the first week of evaluation and continuing until the end of the study (4 weeks). After 4 weeks’ survival, quantitative morphometric analysis of the spinal cord showed that glucosamine-kynurenic acid treatment was associated with improved tissue preservation at the lesion site. These findings indicate that spinal application of glucosaminekynurenic acid is neuroprotective and improves the outcome even when administered after spinal trauma. Our results suggest that the treatments initiated in early posttraumatic period can alleviate secondary injury and improve the final outcome after SCI.
Cantor extension of an abelian lattice ordered group equipped with a weak relatively uniform convergence
Authors: Jakubík Ján , Černák Štefan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The notion of weak relatively uniform convergence (wru-convergence, for short) on an abelian lattice ordered group G has been investigated in a previous authors’ article. In the present paper we deal with Cantor extension of G and completion of G with respect to a wru-convergence on G.
Basic matrix theorems for $\mathcal{I}$-convergence in (ℓ)-groups
Authors: Boccuto A. , Dimitriou X. , Papanastassiou N. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Some aspects of the theory of order and (D)-convergence in (ℓ)-groups with respect to ideals are investigated. Moreover some new Basic Matrix Theorems are proved.
Basal melting at the Ekström Ice Shelf, Antarctica, estimated from mass flux divergence
Authors: Neckel Niklas , Drews Reinhard , Rack Wolfgang , Steinhage Daniel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe characterize the basal mass balance of the Ekström Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, using interferometrically derived surface velocities and ice thickness measurements from radio-echo sounding (RES). The surface velocities are based on data from European Remote-sensing Satellites-1 and -2 (ERS-1/2) during 1994–97. The ice thickness grid consists of 136 RES profiles acquired between 1996 and 2006. Mass fluxes are calculated along selected RES profiles where possible, to reduce uncertainties from ice thickness interpolation. Elsewhere large-scale mass fluxes are calculated using interpolated ice thickness data. Themass flux into the Ekström Ice Shelf from the main grounded drainage basins is estimated to be 3.19±0.4Gt a–1. The mass flux near the ice shelf front is 2.67±0.3Gt a–1. Assuming steady state, and based on the equation of continuity, we interpret the residual mass flux as a combined effect of snow accumulation and subglacial melting/refreezing. Using net snow accumulation rates from previous studies, we link the mass flux divergence in irregular-shaped polygons to processes beneath the ice shelf. The highest subglacial melt rates of ~1.1ma–1 are found near the grounding zone of two main inflow glaciers, and around the German station Neumayer III. The detection of unlikely refreezing in a small area ~15 km west of Neumayer III is attributed to both dataset inaccuracies and a (possibly past) violation of the steady-state assumption. In general, the method and input data allow mapping of the spatial distribution of basal melting and the results are in good agreement with several previous studies.
Yield and quality performances of four tea test clones
Authors: Hossain M I , Ahmed M , Mamun M S A , Sarwar A K M Golam 
Published: October 2012

An experiment was carried out during 19942007 to investigate the yield and quality performances of four vegetatively propagated test clones of tea viz. SH/D/11/13, SH/D/11/333, B/HB/2/3 and B/HB/6/4. Two clones, BT1 and TV23, were used as check for quality and yield, respectively. Cuttings of the test clones were collected from the selected bushes of Shumshernugger Tea Estate and hybrid lines of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) and were raised at BTRI nursery. Then the saplings were managed for long term yield and quality trial following randomized complete block design with 5 replications. The green leaf was harvested at weekly interval during the plucking season starting from mid March to mid December throughout the experimental period. The overall cup quality of the test clones was assessed by conventional organoleptic test. At the immature stage (2nd5th year after plantation), all test clones showed similar yield trend as that of check BT1. At the mature stage (6th13th year), the test clones SH/D/11/333 and B/HB/6/4 gave the significantly higher average yield (3095 and 3342 kg ha1 made tea, respectively) compared to the check BT1 (3042 kg ha1 made tea). The cup quality of all the test clones and BT1 was found to be Above Average while the cup quality of TV23 was Average. Considering the overall performances, the test clones SH/D/11/333 and B/HB/6/4 have been released as BT13 and BT14, respectively for commercial plantation in the tea estates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12036 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 3338, 2012
Effect of row and hill spacing on the yield performance of boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan45) under aerobic system of cultivation
Authors: Sultana M R , Rahman M M , Rahman M H 
Published: October 2012

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2008 to April 2009 to evaluate the effect of row and hill spacings on the yield of rice (cv. BRRI dhan45) under aerobic system of cultivation in boro season. Aerobic system is a new water efficient rice production system where the crop is grown by direct seeding on well prepared dry beds and also by maintaining the soil moisture at field capacity during the growing period. The experiment consisted of two row to row spacings viz. 20 and 25 cm, and five hill to hill spacings viz., 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Results revealed that the crop sown at 25 cm ×15 cm produced the highest grain yield of 5.69 t ha-1 whereas the lowest grain yield of 2.11 t ha-1 was found with 20 cm × 2.5 cm spacing. The present study concludes that the highest grain yield of BRRI dhan45 during boro season under aerobic system of cultivation could be achieved by sowing at 25 cm ×15 cm spacing. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12037 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 3942, 2012
Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development
Authors: Nasrin M , Siddiqi M N H , Masum M A , Wares M A 
Published: October 2012

We studied anatomy and histology of different segments of the digestive tract in postnatal growing broiler chickens with regard to their location, shape, size and weight. A group of four chickens, each at day 1 (D1), days 14 (D14) and days 28 (D28), total 12, were killed, their digestive tracts were dissected and described and shape, size and weight of different segments were recorded. Samples from different segments were prepared and stained with haematoxylin and eosin staining technique to study the histology under light microscope. The average lengths (cm) and weights (gm) of esophagus, proventriculus (glandular stomach), gizzard (muscular stomach), small intestine and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The histological layers of digestive tract were lamina epithelia, lamina propria, lamina muscularis, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa with the exception in esophagus where outer adventitia was found. The esophageal glands were significantly more in numbers at D1 (in cross section, 12 in number per focus under 100x) than at D14 (6 in number per focus under 100x) and at D28 (2 in number per focus under 100x). The proventriculus consisted of macroscopic papillae with numerous microscopic folds with lamina propria comprised of simple glands, which converged into a common cavity near the surface. In gizzard, the cuticle, in the form of wavy lines ran parallel to the surface. The villi of small intestine and large intestine were lined by simple columnar epithelium. The apical parts of villi of the duodenum were slightly pointed and the basal parts of the villi were thicker than jejunum and ileum, whereas, the villi of the jejunum and ileum became shorter and broader than duodenum and most of the villi had blunt apical part and the basal parts were wider. The numbers of goblet cells were numerous in number in ileum than duodenum and jejunum. Plicae ran along the inner surface of the distal two thirds of the cacea. However, in the colorectum, the villi appeared as numerous long flat leaf-shaped structures which filled a large proportion of the lumen. The average lengths and widths of villi of small and large intestine were significantly higher (P<0.01) in chickens at D28 than that at D14 and at D1. The number of goblet cells in lamina epithelium and intestinal glands of the lamina propria were numerous in number at D28 than the chickens at D14 and at D1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12096 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 6977, 2012
Experimental pathogenesis of pullorum disease in chicks by local isolate of Salmonella Pullorum in Bangladesh
Authors: Haider M G , Chowdhury E H , Ahmed A K M , Hossain M M 
Published: October 2012

This study was undertaken to observe the experimental pathogenesis of locally isolated Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Pullorum in chicks. Fifty chicks were experimentally infected by the oral route with 2 x 107 (CFU) units of Salmonella Pullorum organisms reconstituted in 0.5 ml of sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS), PH 7.2 and 50 chicks were given only 0.5 ml of sterile PBS as control. Observations were made on clinical signs, gross pathology, and reisolation of S. Pullorum from different organs and blood, histopathological lesions, detection of antibody levels and detection of S. Pullorum by PCR at different time intervals of experimental period. Five birds were randomly selected and sacrificed on 6 hrs before inoculation and 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 days, 3 days, 1st week, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of post infection (PI). The clinical signs of infected chicks were depression, loss of appetite, huddled together, loss of feed and water intake, reduced mean body weights, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea, laboured breathing and pasty vent. The highest gross lesion was (84%) unabsorbed and coagulated yolk and the lowest lesion was (32%) pericarditis and necrotic foci/ nodules in heart. Microscopically, the liver showed congestion, focal necrosis with multifocal infiltration of histiocytes in liver parenchyma. Salmonella organisms were reisolated from different organs and blood at 12 hrs PI. The antibody titre increased gradually and the highest titer was 7275.717 ± 5087.24 at 4 wks PI. In rapid plate agglutination test, the positive result was found from one wk of PI with the sera of infected birds. At 12hrs PI Salmonella was detected by PCR from 20% liver and 20% lung samples of infected birds and no Salmonella was isolated from control group. The orally inoculated Salmonella Pullorum organisms produced lesions in digestive tract, invaded digestive tracts and entered to blood and seeded to different organs in different time intervals and ultimately produced clinical signs, gross and microscopic tissue lesions with immunological response. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12098 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 8794, 2012
Evaluation of some chemical parameters of powder milk available in Mymensingh town
Authors: Kajal M F I , Wadud A , Islam M N , Sarma P K 
Published: October 2012

The study was undertaken to evaluate some chemical parameters of powder milk available in Mymensingh town. Powder milk samples of six different brands namely Kwality, NIDO, Diploma, Anchor, Farmland & Starship were collected from local market. Powder samples were analyzed to know the chemical (PH, acidity, fat, protein, lactose, ash, moisture, solids-not-fat, total solids) characteristics. PH, acidity of all samples was almost similar to the cow milk when the dried milk was reconstituted. PH ranged from 6.6-6.8, acidity from 0.10-0.15, fat from 26.198-27.89 g/100 g, protein from 25.22-27.01 g/100g, lactose from 36.63-37.65 g/100g, ash from 5.34-5.48 g/100g, moisture from 3.36-4.48 g/100g, solids-not-fat from 67.99-70.07 g/100g, total solids from 95.51-96.63 g/100g, among the brands of powder milk. Statistical analysis showed significant variation for (PH and acidity) among different powder milk brands. chemical parameters in all brands of milk powder was found as per recommended standard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12099 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 95100, 2012