bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Party Control and Perverse Effects in Majority-Minority Districting: Replication Challenges When Using DW-NOMINATE
Authors: Simons Joseph , Mallinson Daniel J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEvery 10 years, states set about redrawing the lines of their Congressional districts. Scholars in political science have long been interested in the strategic behavior and representational outcomes of this process. While majority-minority districts are intended to provide a constraint on strategic party behavior in order to ensure substantive representation of minority interests, researchers have noted a perverse effect that results in potentially less-representative political outcomes. In 2003, Kenneth Shotts, David Lublin, and D. Stephen Voss debated the veracity of the perverse effects claim, but Shotts’ critique was missing a key interaction between partisanship and the liberalizing effect of majority-minority districts. In the course of performing this necessary extension on Shotts’ work, we found that our results have an unexpected, and important, methodological implication for Congress scholars. Specifically, we were unable to replicate his results precisely due to sublte changes in DW-NOMINATE estimates that result from periodic updating of the database. Further-more, after substantially expanding the dataset, we continue to find the same null results and the evidence supporting the interaction is statistically ambiguous. Though these null results do not prove or disprove the perverse-effects hypothesis, they do undermine Shotts’ evidence of a liberalizing effect of majority-minority districting. While we lack sufficient precision to estimate whether majority-minority districting has a positive, negative, or truly no effect on minority representation (and the conditional effect of party control), it is more concerning that small changes to DW-NOMINATE would prevent the replication of these past results, given the abundance of studies that use it to measure legislator ideology.
A Note on the Kirchhoff and Additive Degree-Kirchhoff Indices of Graphs
Authors: Yang Yujun , Klein Douglas J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Two resistance-distance-based graph invariants, namely, the Kirchhoff index and the additive degree-Kirchhoff index, are studied. A relation between them is established, with inequalities for the additive degree-Kirchhoff index arising via the Kirchhoff index along with minimum, maximum, and average degrees. Bounds for the Kirchhoff and additive degree-Kirchhoff indices are also determined, and extremal graphs are characterised. In addition, an upper bound for the additive degree-Kirchhoff index is established to improve a previously known result.
Structural and spectroscopic characterization of isotypic sodium, rubidium and cesium acesulfamates
Authors: Piro Oscar E. , Echeverría Gustavo A. , Castellano Eduardo E. , Parajón-Costa Beatriz S. , Baran Enrique J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree new acesulfamate salts, NaC4H4NO4S, RbC4H4NO4S and CsC4H4NO4S, were prepared by reactions in aqueous solutions and thoroughly characterized. Their crystal and molecular structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. They crystallize in the monoclinic space groupP21/awitha= 7.2518(2),b= 8.9414(4),c= 10.5929(4) Å,β= 99.951(3)°,V= 676.52(4) Å3for the Na salt;a= 7.4663(3),b= 9.6962(4),c= 10.4391(4) Å,β= 95.150(3)°,V= 752.68(5) Å3for the Rb salt anda= 7.5995(4),b= 9.9439(4),c= 10.8814(6) Å,β= 91.298(5)°,V= 822.08(7) Å3for the Cs salt, andZ= 4 molecules per unit cell. The three compounds are isotypic to each other and to the previously reported potassium salt. The metal ions are in irregular polyhedral coordination with six neighboring acesulfamate anions through their nitrogen and carbonyl and sulfoxide oxygen atoms. The FTIR spectra of the compounds were also recorded and are briefly discussed.
Compromised NMDA/Glutamate Receptor Expression in Dopaminergic Neurons Impairs Instrumental Learning, But Not Pavlovian Goal Tracking or Sign Tracking
Authors: James Alex S. , Pennington Zachary T. , Tran Phu , Jentsch James David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo theories regarding the role for dopamine neurons in learning include the concepts that their activity serves as a (1) mechanism that confers incentive salience onto rewards and associated cues and/or (2) contingency teaching signal reflecting reward prediction error. While both theories are provocative, the causal role for dopamine cell activity in either mechanism remains controversial. In this study mice that either fully or partially lacked NMDARs in dopamine neurons exclusively, as well as appropriate controls, were evaluated for reward-related learning; this experimental design allowed for a test of the premise that NMDA/glutamate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated mechanisms in dopamine neurons, including NMDA-dependent regulation of phasic discharge activity of these cells, modulate either the instrumental learning processes or the likelihood of pavlovian cues to become highly motivating incentive stimuli that directly attract behavior. Loss of NMDARs in dopamine neurons did not significantly affect baseline dopamine utilization in the striatum, novelty evoked locomotor behavior, or consumption of a freely available, palatable food solution. On the other hand, animals lacking NMDARs in dopamine cells exhibited a selective reduction in reinforced lever responses that emerged over the course of instrumental learning. Loss of receptor expression did not, however, influence the likelihood of an animal acquiring a pavlovian conditional response associated with attribution of incentive salience to reward-paired cues (sign tracking). These data support the view that reductions in NMDAR signaling in dopamine neurons affect instrumental reward-related learning but do not lend support to hypotheses that suggest that the behavioral significance of this signaling includes incentive salience attribution.
Stress-timed = word-based? Testing a hypothesis in prosodic typology
Authors: Schiering René , Bickel Balthasar , Hildebrandt Kristine A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In recent research on cross-linguistic differences in linguistic rhythm, it has been hypothesized that the traditional dichotomy ‘stress-timed’ versus ‘syllable-timed’ might be recast with respect to which level of the Prosodic Hierarchy constitutes the most prominent domain for the organization of prosodic structure. In this paper, we test the prediction that ‘stress-timed’ languages are characterized by a dominance of the prosodic word against a typological sample of 58 languages. Although there is a slight cross-linguistic tendency in favor of the prediction, there is no statistical support for the proposed correlation. Since counterexamples include not only individual languages but also entire language families, we advocate a different view on prosodic word domain structure. The prosodic word profile of a given language is more reliably predicted by the family membership of that language than by universal correlations concerning its rhythm class membership. We substantiate this claim by a survey of Mon-Khmer’s family signature on prosodic word domain structure in Mon, where sound patterns target either the monosyllabic stem or the maximally inflected disyllabic word.
Typology of rhythm reconsidered: an SLA perspective
Authors: Ploquin Marie 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper offers an analysis of various typologies of speech rhythm with a Second Language Acquisition (SLA) perspective. The notion of isochrony and the enduring stress- and syllable-time theory are shown to be perception-, rather than production-, related. Duration-centered statistical approaches are found to measure phonotactics rather than establish a functional typology. It is further argued that no existing rhythmic typology can be recognized as efficiently organizing data to enable grouping and comparison of languages, a highly coveted tool in SLA. The outline of an SLA relevant classification, taking into account phonological elements and phonetic processes, is sketched.
Sorbian numerals: A typological approach
Authors: Comrie Bernard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Sorbian languages basically use a decimal (base 10) numeral system with multiplication and addition, although there are also traces of subtraction and, perhaps, division. Ordinal numerals are suppletive for ‘first’ and ‘second’ only. The order of elements under addition is basically descending, except that the units precede the tens. Numerals have both adjectival and nominal properties, with adjectival properties characterizing lower numerals, nominal properties higher numerals – the details are complex. Loanwords are found for higher rather than lower numerals. The data provide interesting confirmation of several proposed universals of numeral systems.
Reliability and Degradation Mechanisms in High Power Broad-Area InGaAs-AlGaAs Strained Quantum Well Lasers
Authors: Sin Yongkun , Presser Nathan , LaLumondiere Stephen , Brodie Miles , Lingley Zachary , Ives Neil , Foran Brendan , Lotshaw William , Moss Steven C. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTReliability and degradation processes in broad-area InGaAs-AlGaAs strained quantum well (QW) lasers are under intensive investigation because these lasers are the key components for fiber lasers and amplifiers that have found both industrial and military applications in recent years. Unlike single-mode lasers that were developed for high reliability telecom applications, broad-area lasers were mainly targeted for applications that require less stringent reliability of the lasers until recently. Especially, the lack of field reliability data is a concern for satellite communication systems where high reliability is required of lasers for long-term duration. For our present study, we addressed this concern by performing long-term life-tests of broad-area InGaAs-AlGaAs strained QW lasers and also by studying mechanisms that are responsible for catastrophic degradation of the lasers.
VO2(B)/Graphene Forest for High-Rate Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Ren Guofeng , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT2D nanomaterials, when assembled into an ordered macrostructure, will present many great opportunities, including for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). We report densely-packed vertically-aligned VO2(B) nanobelts (NBs)-based forest structure synthesized on edge-oriented graphene (EOG) network. Using a EOG/Ni foam as a 3D scaffold, aligned VO2(B) NBs can be further synthesized into a folded 3D forest structure to construct a freestanding electrode for LIBs. Electrochemical studies found that such a freestanding VO2(B)/EOG electrode, which combines the unique merits of 2D VO2(B) NBs and 2D graphene sheets, has excellent charge-discharge rate performance. A discharge capacity of 178 mAh g-1 at a rate of 59 C and 100 mAh g-1 at 300 C was measured. A good charge-discharge cycling stability under a high current density was also demonstrated. The results indicate VO2(B)/EOG forest based freestanding electrode is very promising for developing high-rate LIBs.
Brouwer Invariance of Domain Theorem
Authors: Pąk Karol 
Published: May 2015

Summary
In this article we focus on a special case of the Brouwer invariance of domain theorem. Let us A, B be a subsets of εn, and f : A → B be a homeomorphic. We prove that, if A is closed then f transform the boundary of A to the boundary of B; and if B is closed then f transform the interior of A to the interior of B. These two cases are sufficient to prove the topological invariance of dimension, which is used to prove basic properties of the n-dimensional manifolds, and also to prove basic properties of the boundary and the interior of manifolds, e.g. the boundary of an n-dimension manifold with boundary is an (n − 1)-dimension manifold. This article is based on [18]; [21] and [20] can also serve as reference books.
Double Series and Sums
Authors: Endou Noboru 
Published: May 2015

Summary
In this paper the author constructs several properties for double series and its convergence. The notions of convergence of double sequence have already been introduced in our previous paper [18]. In section 1 we introduce double series and their convergence. Then we show the relationship between Pringsheim-type convergence and iterated convergence. In section 2 we study double series having non-negative terms. As a result, we have equality of three type sums of non-negative double sequence. In section 3 we show that if a non-negative sequence is summable, then the sequence of rearrangement of terms is summable and it has the same sums. In the last section two basic relations between double sequences and matrices are introduced.
Topological Interpretation of Rough Sets
Authors: Grabowski Adam 
Published: May 2015

Summary
Rough sets, developed by Pawlak, are an important model of incomplete or partially known information. In this article, which is essentially a continuation of [11], we characterize rough sets in terms of topological closure and interior, as the approximations have the properties of the Kuratowski operators. We decided to merge topological spaces with tolerance approximation spaces. As a testbed for our developed approach, we restated the results of Isomichi [13] (formalized in Mizar in [14]) and about fourteen sets of Kuratowski [17] (encoded with the help of Mizar adjectives and clusters’ registrations in [1]) in terms of rough approximations. The upper bounds which were 14 and 7 in the original paper of Kuratowski, in our case are six and three, respectively.
It turns out that within the classification given by Isomichi, 1st class subsets are precisely crisp sets, 2nd class subsets are proper rough sets, and there are no 3rd class subsets in topological spaces generated by approximations. Also the important results about these spaces is that they are extremally disconnected [15], hence lattices of their domains are Boolean.
Furthermore, we develop the theory of abstract spaces equipped with maps possessing characteristic properties of rough approximations which enables us to freely use the notions from the theory of rough sets and topological spaces formalized in the Mizar Mathematical Library [10].
Positive Phototaxis in Larval Bonytail
Authors: Massure Wade A. , Ehlo Chase A. , Kesner Brian R. , Marsh Paul C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We conducted an experiment to determine phototaxis in bonytail Gila elegans, a Colorado River basin endemic fish. We tested groups of 50 protolarvae (6.1–8.9 mm total length) in darkness for 2 h or 4 h with illuminated (lighted) and nonilluminated (unlighted) traps suspended in aquaria in pairs (one lighted and one unlighted, two lighted, or two unlighted); we repeated each trial three times. Among all trials, lighted traps captured 60% (359 of 600) of available larvae, which was significantly more than the 0% (1 of 600) from unlighted traps. Results demonstrate positive phototaxis and suggest larval light-trapping could be used to detect the presence of larval bonytail or to monitor or collect individuals for management of this critically imperiled species.
Different STAT Transcription Complexes Drive Early and Delayed Responses to Type I IFNs
Authors: Abdul-Sater Ali A. , Majoros Andrea , Plumlee Courtney R. , Perry Stuart , Gu Ai-Di , Lee Carolyn , Shresta Sujan , Decker Thomas , Schindler Christian 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
IFNs, which transduce pivotal signals through Stat1 and Stat2, effectively suppress the replication of Legionella pneumophila in primary murine macrophages. Although the ability of IFN-γ to impede L. pneumophila growth is fully dependent on Stat1, IFN-αβ unexpectedly suppresses L. pneumophila growth in both Stat1- and Stat2-deficient macrophages. New studies demonstrating that the robust response to IFN-αβ is lost in Stat1-Stat2 double-knockout macrophages suggest that Stat1 and Stat2 are functionally redundant in their ability to direct an innate response toward L. pneumophila. Because the ability of IFN-αβ to signal through Stat1-dependent complexes (i.e., Stat1-Stat1 and Stat1-Stat2 dimers) has been well characterized, the current studies focus on how Stat2 is able to direct a potent response to IFN-αβ in the absence of Stat1. These studies reveal that IFN-αβ is able to drive the formation of a Stat2 and IFN regulatory factor 9 complex that drives the expression of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes, but with substantially delayed kinetics. These observations raise the possibility that this pathway evolved in response to microbes that have devised strategies to subvert Stat1-dependent responses.
Piecewise Constant Level Set Algorithm for an Inverse Elliptic Problem in Nonlinear Electromagnetism
Authors: Kong Xiangyin , Zhang Zhengfang , Huang Zhengda 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn inverse problem of identifying inhomogeneity or crack in the workpiece made of nonlinear magnetic material is investigated. To recover the shape from the local measurements, a piecewise constant level set algorithm is proposed. By means of the Lagrangian multiplier method, we derive the first variation w.r.t the piecewise constant level set function and obtain the descent direction by the adjoint variable method. Numerical results show the robustness and effectiveness of our algorithm applied to reconstruct some complex shapes.
An Efficient Semi-Analytical Method to Compute Displacements and Stresses in an Elastic Half-Space with a Hemispherical Pit
Authors: Boccardo Valeria , Godoy Eduardo , Durán Mario 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient method to calculate the displacement and stress fields in an isotropic elastic half-space having a hemispherical pit and being subject to gravity. The method is semi-analytical and takes advantage of the axisymmetry of the problem. The Boussinesq potentials are used to obtain an analytical solution in series form, which satisfies the equilibrium equations of elastostatics, traction-free boundary conditions on the infinite plane surface and decaying conditions at infinity. The boundary conditions on the free surface of the pit are then imposed numerically, by minimising a quadratic functional of surface elastic energy. The minimisation yields a symmetric and positive definite linear system of equations for the coefficients of the series, whose particular block structure allows its solution in an efficient and robust way. The convergence of the series is verified and the obtained semi-analytical solution is then evaluated, providing numerical results. The method is validated by comparing the semi-analytical solution with the numerical results obtained using a commercial finite element software.
A Hybrid Method for Dynamic Mesh Generation Based on Radial Basis Functions and Delaunay Graph Mapping
Authors: Ding Li , Guo Tongqing , Lu Zhiliang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAiming at complex configuration and large deformation, an efficient hybrid method for dynamic mesh generation is presented in this paper, which is based on Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) and Delaunay graph mapping. Based on the computational mesh, a set of very coarse grid named as background grid is generated firstly, and then the computational mesh can be located at the background grid by Delaunay graph mapping technique. After that, the RBFs method is applied to deform the background grid by choosing partial mesh points on the boundary as the control points. Finally, Delaunay graph mapping method is used to relocate the computational mesh by employing area or volume weight coefficients. By applying different dynamic mesh methods to a moving NACA0012 airfoil, it can be found that the RBFs-Delaunay graph mapping hybrid method is as accurate as RBFs and is as efficient as Delaunay graph mapping technique. Numerical results show that the dynamic meshes for all test cases including one two-dimensional (2D) and two three-dimensional (3D) problems with different complexities, can be generated in an accurate and efficient manner by using the present hybrid method.
Some Refined Eigenvalue Perturbation Bounds for Two-by-Two Block Hermitian Matrices
Authors: Wu Xianping , Li Wen , Peng Xiaofei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe consider eigenvalue perturbation bounds for Hermitian matrices, which are associated with problems arising in various computational science and engineering applications. New bounds are discussed that are sharper than some existing ones, including the well-known Weyl bound. Two numerical examples are investigated, to illustrate our theoretical presentation.
Diffuse Interface Methods for Multiple Phase Materials: An Energetic Variational Approach
Authors: Brannick J. , Liu C. , Qian T. , Sun H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a diffuse interface model for describing the dynamics of mixtures involving multiple (two or more) phases. The coupled hydrodynamical system is derived through an energetic variational approach. The total energy of the system includes the kinetic energy and the mixing (interfacial) energies. The least action principle (or the principle of virtual work) is applied to derive the conservative part of the dynamics, with a focus on the reversible part of the stress tensor arising from the mixing energies. The dissipative part of the dynamics is then introduced through a dissipation function in the energy law, in line with Onsager's principle of maximum dissipation. The final system, formed by a set of coupled time-dependent partial differential equations, reflects a balance among various conservative and dissipative forces and governs the evolution of velocity and phase fields. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model, a few two-dimensional simulations have been carried out, including (1) the force balance at the three-phase contact line in equilibrium, (2) a rising bubble penetrating a fluid-fluid interface, and (3) a solid particle falling in a binary fluid. The effects of slip at solid surface have been examined in connection with contact line motion and a pinch-off phenomenon.
Using Discrete and Continuous Models to Solve Nanoporous Flow Optimization Problems
Authors: Boggs Paul T. , Gay David M. , Nash Stephen G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe consider using a discrete network model in combination with continuous nonlinear optimization models to solve the problem of optimizing channels in nanoporous materials. The problem and the hierarchical optimization algorithm are described in [2]. A key feature of the model is the fact that we use the edges of the finite element grid as the locations of the channels. The focus here is on the use of the discrete model within that algorithm. We develop several approximations to the relevant flow and a greedy algorithm for quickly generating a “good” tree connecting all of the nodes in the finite-element mesh to a designated root node. We also consider Metropolis-Hastings (MH) improvements to the greedy result. We consider both a regular triangulation and a Delaunay triangulation of the region, and present some numerical results.