bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Uncertainty, Disagreement, and Credit Markets
Authors: Buraschi Andrea , Trojani Fabio , Vedolin Andrea 
Published: December 2013

We study how the equilibrium risk sharing of agents with heterogeneous perceptions of aggregate consumption growth affects bond and stock returns. Although credit spreads and their volatilities increase with the degree of heterogeneity, the decreasing risk premium on moderately levered equity can produce a violation of basic capital structure no-arbitrage relations. Using bottom-up proxies of aggregate belief dispersion, we give empirical support to the model predictions and show that risk premia on corporate bond and stock returns are systematically explained by their exposures to aggregate disagreement shocks. This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Antenatal identification of factor VII Padua during a healthy pregnancy: implications for labor and delivery
Authors: Rigney Tara , Cooley Sharon , Kevane Barry , Ryan Kevin , Byrne Mary , Áinle Fionnuala Ní 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
We present a case in which a 28-year-old pregnant woman (para 1) was suspected to have inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency following investigation for recurrent mild easy bruising. However, this was ruled out by identification of a rare FVII variant not associated with an increased bleeding risk. This allowed usual obstetric care to proceed without any restrictions, facilitating an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery at term.
Inter-coder reliability of categorising force-dynamic events in human-technology interaction
Authors: Hurtienne Jörn 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTwo studies are reported that investigate how readily accessible and applicable ten force-dynamic categories are to novices in describing short episodes of human-technology interaction (Study 1) and that establish a measure of inter-coder reliability when re-classifying these episodes into force-dynamic categories (Study 2). The results of the first study show that people can easily and confidently relate their experiences with technology to the definitions of force-dynamic events (e.g. “The driver released the handbrake” as an example of restraint removal). The results of the second study show moderate agreement between four expert coders across all ten force-dynamic categories (Cohen’s kappa = .59) when re-classifying these episodes. Agreement values for single force-dynamic categories ranged between ‘fair’ and ‘almost perfect’, i.e. between kappa = .30 and .95. Agreement with the originally intended classifications of study 1 was higher than the pure inter-coder reliabilities. Single coders achieved an average kappa of .71, indicating substantial agreement. Using more than one coder increased kappas to almost perfect: up to .87 for four coders. A qualitative analysis of the predicted versus the observed number of category confusions revealed that about half of the category disagreement could be predicted from strong overlaps in the definitions of force-dynamic categories. From the quantitative and qualitative results, guidelines are derived to aid the better training of coders in order to increase inter-coder reliability.
Association of diet and anthropometric measures as cardiovascular modifiable risk factors in young adults
Authors: Mishra Soumya , Banerjee Swasti , Sengupta Tridip Kumar , Behera Anugya Aparajita , Manjareeka Magna , Mishra Jayanti 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular accidents are the major cause of death in the developing world, accounting for nearly 40% of deaths in adult men and women. Developed countries have already brought this under control, whereas India has to take a giant leap. Diet plays a pivotal role among the various modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. The sole objective of this study is to point at nutrition as being the main modulator of different anthropometric parameters and directly or indirectly has a tremendous impact on the blood pressure levels even during young age.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study involving 223 young adults, the pattern of food habits and level of physical activity were determined from self-reported questionnaires, while blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were computed. The subjects were grouped as normotensives and prehypertensives and also were compared according to their BMI and other parameters.

Results: Statistically significant, greater association of weight followed by WC with the prehypertensive levels of blood pressure compared to other parameters was seen. The subjects detected as prehypertensives had predilection for salty, fried, oily, sweet, and fast food; BMI >25 kg/m2; and WC and WHR in high risk-categories per World Health Organization standards. More than 69% of subjects had high WHR, whereas only 9% of total subjects exercised regularly.

Conclusions: Central obesity is associated with sedentary life and high intake of calories, leading to hypertension with advancing age. Early detection, awareness, and primary prevention would help reduce morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Are We Morally Obligated to Assist Climate Change Migrants?
Authors: Wyman Katrina M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
There is considerable concern that climate change will displace many people in developing countries from their homes. This article examines whether developed countries are morally obligated to assist people displaced by climate change in developing countries. The article argues that there may not be a moral duty to assist climate change migrants as a category. Nonetheless, developed countries may have duties to assist vulnerable people elsewhere and may be obligated to assist climate change migrants along with other vulnerable people. In addition, there likely is a duty to assist a particular subset of climate change migrants, specifically the citizens of small island countries existentially threatened by climate change. The article concludes by assessing the implications of its moral analysis for the focus of law and policy. Instead of developing new treaties to assist climate change migrants as a number of academics and practitioners have recently proposed, law and policy should be concerned with assisting migrants at risk generally, and/or the citizens of small island countries existentially threatened by climate change.
Applicability of Raman spectroscopy as a tool in nuclear forensics for
analysis of uranium ore concentrates
Authors: Lin D. Ho Mer , Manara D. , Varga Zs. , Berlizov A. , Fanghänel Th. , Mayer K. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In the present study, the suitability of Raman spectroscopy for nuclear forensics is proven by a systematic investigation of
laboratory-prepared synthetic and industrial uranium ore concentrate (UOC) samples, of different origin and with wide range of
impurity content. Besides the identification of the compound type, the identification of process-related impurities observed in
these samples is reported for the first time. Both handheld and laboratory Raman spectrometers were used in the
measurements. The ability to measure different UOCs and the sufficient sensitivity of the handheld device demonstrate its
usefulness in nuclear safeguards and nuclear security applications. Even more importantly in such a context, the likely
identity of process-related impurities could be verified by Raman Spectroscopy in the present work, allowing to draw
conclusions on the process history of the sample.
Plasma levels of pentraxin-3, an inflammatory protein involved in fertility, are reduced in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Tosi Flavia , Di Sarra Daniela , Bonin Cecilia , Zambotti Francesca , Dall'Alda Marlene , Fiers Tom , Kaufman Jean-Marc , Donati Matilde , Franchi Massimo , Zanolin Maria Elisabetta , Bonora Enzo , Moghetti Paolo 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivePentraxin-3 (PTX3), like C-reactive protein (CRP), is an acute-phase protein that belongs to the pentraxin superfamily. Moreover, it is expressed in the cumulus oophorus and appears to be involved in female fertility. The aim of the present study was to assess whether PTX3 levels are altered in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women and whether they show any relationship with the main features of these subjects.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of an academic centre.MethodsA total of 66 women affected with PCOS and 51 healthy controls were studied. Plasma PTX3 and serum CRP were measured by ELISA. Androgens were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and free testosterone was measured by equilibrium dialysis. In PCOS women, insulin sensitivity was assessed by the glucose clamp technique.ResultsAdjusting for age and BMI, plasma PTX3 was reduced in PCOS women (P=0.036), in contrast with serum CRP, which was increased (P=0.004). In multiple regression analysis, serum androgens and other endocrine and ovarian features of PCOS were predictors of PTX3 levels, whereas body fat was the main independent predictor of CRP concentrations.ConclusionsPlasma PTX3 levels were reduced in PCOS women and independently associated with hyperandrogenism and other endocrine and ovarian features of PCOS.
Improved Nitridation of GeO2 Interfacial layer for Ge Gate Stack Technology
Authors: Bhatt P. , Chaudhuri K. , Maharaja P. , Nainani A. , Abraham M. , Subramaniam M. , Ganguly U. , Lodha S. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTNitridation of GeO2 interfacial layer (IL) was done using continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW) decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) processes. Langmuir probe analysis of the N2 plasma demonstrates that at the same effective power and pressure, PW plasma has similar electron density (Ne) with lower electron temperature (kTe) and plasma potential (Vp) as compared to CW plasma. This results in softer plasma conditions using a PW process leading to lower plasma-related damage in the IL, but without reducing the overall nitrogen concentration. The plasma parameters were further correlated to mobility (μ) and interface trap density (Dit) extracted from fabricated Ge n-MOSFETs. As expected from the plasma analysis, at the same effective power and pressure, the PW DPN process shows 1.2X higher electron mobility as compared to a CW process. This improvement can enable GeON as an IL for future Ge CMOS gate stack technology.
Soft Tissue Changes after Orthognathic Surgery: A Study
Authors: Upadhyaya Chandran , Baliga Mohan , Shetty Premalatha 
Published: December 2013

Aim and objective: The main aim and objectives of this study was to determine the changes in the facial soft tissue profile following orthognathic surgery, to evaluate eventual treatment effects on stability of facial aesthetics and degree of predictability of these changes.
Materials and method: 15 numbers of patients underwent with le fort I, anterior maxillary osteotomy, genioplasty and bimaxillary surgery. The alar base cinch suture and the V-Y closure techniques were used in each maxillary procedure. The criteria applied included an average follow-up of 6 months post-operatively.
Results: In this study preoperative and postoperative cephalometric tracing were compared to analyze the soft tissue profile changes in relation to hard tissue changes in both upper and lower lip and chin regions after double jaw surgery. Only horizontal changes were analyzed for which an X-Y coordinate system was used. The upper lip responded variably to the direction and amount of maxillary positioning. The predictability and the significance of changes of soft tissue in relation to hard tissue are variable as it reaches towards the nose.
Conclusion: It is important for the clinician to realize that numerous factors of variability exist so that he can understand that the soft-tissue profile will sometimes deviate quite markedly from what is expected, in spite of careful planning.
Crown Lengthening vs Forced Eruption
Authors: Singh Ayush Razdan , Verma Ruchita 
Published: December 2013

Once the biologic width of the supporting periodontal attachment apparatus has been severely violated, more extensive procedures are often necessary to manage compromised root structure and supporting bone. Surgical techniques advocated are primarily corrective in nature and consist of root movement and repositioning or root removal and alteration of tooth morphology, with concomitant correction of the periodontium.
Some indications for surgical corrective intervention to manage radicular perforations include extensive cervical resorption or traumatic perforation which extends well below the osseous crest in both single and multirooted teeth and damage to the furcation region of multirooted teeth which is not responding to nonsurgical therapy, is not amenable to simple surgical correction, or is complicated and compromised further by extensive periodontal disease.
Common indications for orthodontic root extrusion include fractured tooth margins below crestal bone, deep carious margins, some isolated infrabony defects, and perforations from resorptions, post space preparation and aberrant access openings. When root extrusion is indicated to elevate a perforative root defect above the osseous crest; seldom is the desired result achieved without surgical crown lengthening. This is necessary to compensate for the coronal movement of the gingival attachment and alveolar bone which occurs with the tooth during eruption resulting in unacceptable esthetics. Although it is possible to extrude nearly any tooth the simplest cases are those that have single roots and an immediate proximal tooth on either side for appliance anchorage. Molars are generally difficult to treat as are the terminal teeth in the arch or free standing teeth.
Opioid Use and the Risk of Respiratory Depression and Death in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Whittaker Marianne R. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND
Pediatric patients may be at an increased risk of adverse effects from various medications. Recently, there have been a number of serious adverse events, including several pediatric patients experiencing severe respiratory depression and death as a result of the use of codeine for pain control following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety of opioid agonists in pediatric patients undergoing operative procedures or have experienced trauma and to evaluate the risk of respiratory depression and death among this population.

METHODS
PubMed and Medline were searched to identify randomized controlled studies from 1994 to 2012 addressing postsurgery/trauma opioid use in pediatric patients. Relative risks and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using data available in clinical trials.

RESULTS
A total of 16 clinical trials were evaluated for this review. Randomized controlled trials included studies comparing opioids versus non-opioids for a variety of painful conditions. The relative risk of respiratory depression associated with opioid use in 1 trial was 1.63 (95% CI: 0.64–6.13). The remaining 15 trials reviewed described no significant difference in respiratory depression or adverse effects associated with treatment. No deaths were attributed to opioid use in any of these studies.

CONCLUSION
Opioid-associated respiratory depression was very rare and no deaths were reported in the reviewed studies. These findings under the well-defined conditions of controlled studies may not be the best means of determining overall opioid-associated side effects in pediatric patients.
A constituição da faculdade de educação/UFRGS em tempos de ditadura militar (1970 - 1985)
Authors: Almeida Doris Bittencourt , Lima Valeska Alessandra de , Silva Thaise Mazzei da 
Published: December 2013

A pesquisa busca aproximações das memórias de uma instituição de ensino superior, a Faculdade de Educação/UFRGS. Procura compreender como, no presente, os sujeitos professores rememoram o tempo vivido naquela instituição, investigando as marcas que ela deixou. Interessam os significados atribuídos pelos narradores às suas vivências na Faculdade e os modos como compõem suas reminiscências. O estudo insere-se no campo de investigações da História da Educação, sendo esta uma componente da história das práticas culturais e do cotidiano social, e identifica-se com os pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural. A metodologia fundamenta-se na História Oral, trabalhando-se as narrativas de memória como documento. Ao longo das entrevistas com professores, os quarenta anos da Faculdade de Educação foram rememorados de três temas principais que emergiram nas narrativas: as greves das décadas de 1980 e 1990, a importância da Faculdade como espaço de constituição da identidade docente e, entre os mais antigos servidores, as lembranças da época da ditadura militar vividas no cenário da Universidade, temática que aqui nos propomos a analisar. Portanto, neste estudo, refletimos acerca das implicações da ditadura militar na constituição e no cotidiano da Faculdade da Educação, nos anos 1970 e início dos anos 1980, investigando os processos identitários da Faculdade de Educação que se constitui enquanto importante espaço de formação docente no Rio Grande do Sul. Tomamos como fontes da pesquisa entrevistas realizadas com docentes da FACED, entrevistas publicadas em periódicos e um documentário produzido por ocasião dos trinta e cinco anos da Faculdade de Educação.Palavras-chave: Memórias docentes. História da educação. História das instituições educativas.
How do A‐train sensors intercompare in the retrieval of above‐cloud aerosol optical depth? A case study‐based assessment
Authors: Jethva Hiren , Torres Omar , Waquet Fabien , Chand Duli , Hu Yongxiang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe intercompare the above‐cloud aerosol optical depth (ACAOD) of biomass burning plumes retrieved from A‐train sensors, i.e., Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER), and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). These sensors have shown independent capabilities to retrieve aerosol loading above marine boundary layer clouds—a kind of situation often found over the southeast Atlantic Ocean during dry burning season. A systematic comparison reveals that all passive sensors and CALIOP‐based research methods derive comparable ACAOD with differences mostly within 0.2 over homogeneous cloud fields. The 532 nm ACAOD retrieved by CALIOP operational algorithm is underestimated. The retrieved 1064 nm AOD however shows closer agreement with passive sensors. Given the different types of measurements processed with different algorithms, the reported close agreement between them is encouraging. Due to unavailability of direct measurements above cloud, the validation of satellite‐based ACAOD remains an open challenge. The intersatellite comparison however can be useful for the relative evaluation and consistency check.
Insights into water level response to seismic waves: A 24 year high‐fidelity record of global seismicity at Devils Hole
Authors: Weingarten Matthew , Ge Shemin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe studied the 24 year record of water level responses in Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park, NV, to dynamic crustal stresses from earthquakes. The continuous water level record exhibited 219 responses from earthquakes around the world, displaying hydroseismogram and coseismic offset types of response. We found that the water level in Devils Hole is extremely sensitive to earthquakes, and the seismic energy density required to initiate both hydroseismogram and coseismic offset responses is e ~ 10−6 J/m3, 2 orders of magnitude smaller than previously documented. Multiple mechanisms at Devils Hole may be responsible for observed water level responses to distant earthquakes. The hydroseismogram‐type responses are best explained by poroelastic deformation, while coseismic offset responses are likely the result of localized permeability changes. This study could have implication to studying dynamic triggering of earthquakes, as remote earthquakes can lead to pore pressure changes and consequently effective stress changes in fluid‐filled fault zones.
Agricultural conversion without external water and nutrient inputs reduces terrestrial vegetation productivity
Authors: Smith W. Kolby , Cleveland Cory C. , Reed Sasha C. , Running Steven W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDriven by global population and standard of living increases, humanity co‐opts a growing share of the planet's natural resources resulting in many well‐known environmental trade‐offs. In this study, we explored the impact of agriculture on a resource fundamental to life on Earth: terrestrial vegetation growth (net primary production; NPP). We demonstrate that agricultural conversion has reduced terrestrial NPP by ~7.0%. Increases in NPP due to agricultural conversion were observed only in areas receiving external inputs (i.e., irrigation and/or fertilization). NPP reductions were found for ~88% of agricultural lands, with the largest reductions observed in areas formerly occupied by tropical forests and savannas (~71% and ~66% reductions, respectively). Without policies that explicitly consider the impact of agricultural conversion on primary production, future demand‐driven increases in agricultural output will likely continue to drive net declines in global terrestrial productivity, with potential detrimental consequences for net ecosystem carbon storage and subsequent climate warming.
Fine structure of large‐amplitude chorus wave packets
Authors: Santolík O. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Bounds S. R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhistler mode chorus waves in the outer Van Allen belt can have consequences for acceleration of relativistic electrons through wave‐particle interactions. New multicomponent waveform measurements have been collected by the Van Allen Probes Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science's Waves instrument. We detect fine structure of chorus elements with peak instantaneous amplitudes of a few hundred picotesla but exceptionally reaching up to 3 nT, i.e., more than 1% of the background magnetic field. The wave vector direction turns by a few tens of degrees within a single chorus element but also within its subpackets. Our analysis of a significant number of subpackets embedded in rising frequency elements shows that amplitudes of their peaks tend to decrease with frequency. The wave vector is quasi‐parallel to the background magnetic field for large‐amplitude subpackets, while it turns away from this direction when the amplitudes are weaker.
The last 130 ka precipitation reconstruction from Chinese loess 10Be
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Xian Feng , Du Yajuan , Kong Xianghui , Wu Zhenkun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCosmogenic 10Be is a promising precipitation index, because its fallout flux in sediments is mainly controlled by wet precipitation after its production in the atmosphere. Here we report on a new study for reconstructing precipitation during the last 130 ka using 10Be measurements from Chinese loess, with multivariable linear regression to remove the geomagnetic field modulation and dust flux dilution effects from the loess 10Be record. The broad similarity between our result and speleothem δ18O indicates that the new precipitation record is robust. It also records an interesting increase in precipitation that occurred during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3), exhibiting a similar rainfall amount with that of MIS 5, suggesting that MIS 3 is a special period with strengthened summer Monsoon intensity. By comparison with a stacked marine isotope record and a summer insolation record, our precipitation data clearly show a close correspondence with Northern Hemisphere summer (June, July, and August) solar insolation changes on orbital timescales. During MIS 3, our record follows the insolation differential between 30°N and 30°S, suggesting that rising rainfall changes during MIS 3 are a response to the interhemispheric summer insolation differential forcing.