bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de prácticas de conservación de suelos forestales en México: caso de las zanjas trinchera
Authors: Cotler Ávalos Helena , Cram Heydrich Silke , Martinez Trinidad Sergio , Bunge Verónica 
Published: April 2015

<p>Las zanjas trinchera constituyen la principal práctica de conservación de suelos realizada en México y se implementa indistintamente en diversas condiciones geográficas y ecológicas.</p><p>La evaluación de las zanjas trinchera como práctica de conservación de suelos se hizo en 28 sitios distribuidos en siete estados (Baja California Sur, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Michoacán, Tlaxcala y Veracruz), mediante la caracterización del medio físico, la descripción y análisis de suelos, así como entrevistas a los dueños de la tierra.</p><p>Los principales resultados señalan que la construcción de esta obra genera un gran número de impactos negativos. Entre ellos, la remoción de suelos como consecuencia de la excavación, la cual puede movilizar de 60-123 ton/ha y la exposición de 0.4-6.3 ton/ha de carbono orgánico en la superficie. Los resultados mostraron también que esta práctica no mejora las condiciones de retención de humedad, necesarias para sostener la reforestación asociada y no son adoptadas por la población.</p><p>Los resultados y la revisión de literatura permitieron identificar ciertas condiciones ambientales recomendadas para la construcción de zanjas trinchera, como un clima árido y semi-árido (aprox.300 mm de precipitación promedio), rango de pendiente (hasta 40%), suelos poco profundos (menos de 20 cm) y sin horizonte arcilloso y con una vegetación rala y discontinua.</p><p> </p>
Effect of A-Site Ion Excess on (K, Na)NbO3 Thin Film Fabricated by Sol–Gel Non-alkoxide Process
Authors: Yao Lin-Lin , Ji Li-Xia , Zhu Kong-Jun , Wang Jing , Liu Jing-Song , Qiu Jin-Hao 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Lead-free (K, Na)NbO3(KNN) ferroelectric films were fabricated on Ti substrates by sol–gel non-alkoxide process. Nb2O5 was used to prepare the soluble niobium source by citrate method. KNN thin films with perovskite phase were obtained by pyrolyzing at 500°C and annealing at 700°C. The influence of A-site ion excess on the phase, microstructure and electric properties of the films was investigated. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) data indicate that the volatilization of K was severer than Na during the thermal treatment, and K excess is assisted to get pure perovskite phase. Meanwhile, the P–E loops and the dielectric curves manifest that K excess plays a role to improve the ferroelectric performance, while Na excess contributes to good dielectric property.
Determinants of sexual activities and contraceptive usage among adolescents in high schools in Ogbomoso, a semi-urban settlement in Nigeria
Authors: Owonikoko Kola M. , Bello-Ajao Hajarah T. , Fawole Adegboyega A. , Adeniji Adetunji O. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background: Abortion complications constitute 13% of maternal deaths worldwide and 40% of maternal deaths in Nigeria, while 80% of patients with abortion complications are adolescents.

Aims: Assessing the adolescents’ knowledge and attitude and the determinants of their sexual activities and contraceptive usage.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among high school students of Ogbomoso – a semi-urban settlement. Stratified multistage randomization was used to select one high school from each of five local government areas of the study site. Students were interviewed with pretested questionnaire to sought information on demographic status, family type, knowledge of sexuality, and contraceptive usages.

Results: The age range of the respondents was 10–19 years with mean±SD age 13.7±1.9 years. Among them, 6.5% were sexually active. Of the respondents, 56.8% scored good knowledge about sexuality and contraception and 57.5% respondents had good attitude to contraception. Age (p=0.004) and father’s education (p=0.001) were factors associated with knowledge about sexuality and contraception, while mothers’ occupation (p=0.02) and fathers’ occupation (p=0.001) and education (p=0.04) were significantly associated with positive attitude toward contraception.

Conclusion: This study revealed that a significant percentage of the studied adolescents had poor knowledge and attitude toward contraception, and many of the sexually active respondents had inaccurate knowledge on the use of contraceptives and where it could be obtained.
Influence of the Longitudinal and Lateral Suspension Damping on the Vibration Behaviour in the Railway Vehicles
Authors: Dumitriu Mădălina 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The paper focuses on the influence of the longitudinal and lateral suspension damping in correlation with the velocity upon the vibration behaviour of the railway vehicles while moving on a tangent track. The numerical simulations are developed based on a linear model of a 17-degree of freedom vehicle that allows the evaluation of the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle in a sub-critical velocity. Based on the response frequency functions of the vehicle in a harmonic and in a random behaviour, a series of basic properties of the stable behaviour of the forced lateral vibrations has been made evident, as well as the opportunities to lower the level of the carbody vibrations by changing the suspension damping.
Crystal structure of 2-benzoyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropane-1,1- dicarbonitrile, C19H14N2O
Authors: Yanping Yi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract C19H14N2O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.138(2) Å, b = 10.434(2) Å, c = 11.109(2) Å, α = 99.678(5)°, β = 111.028(4)°, γ = 112.769(5)°, V = 758.5 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0506, wRref(F2) = 0.1553, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of bis(isocyanato-κ1N)-bis(2-(pyridin-4-ylthio)pyrazine- κ1N) zinc(II), C20H14N8S4Zn
Authors: Chen Wen-Hua , Sun Xiao-Li , Wang Zhi-Peng , Guo Hui 
Published: April 2015

Abstract C20H14N8S4Zn, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 26.041(3) Å, b = 5.7001(6) Å, c = 16.676(2) Å, β = 100.773(7)°, V = 2431.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0380, wRref(F2) = 0.1115, T = 296 K.
The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) infection with Schistocephalus solidus in Hel marina (Puck Bay, Baltic Sea, Poland)
Authors: Mačát Zdeněk , Bednařík Adam , Rulík Martin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Parasitic relations between animals are very common in wild nature. In this paper, we studied levels of infection in three-spined stickleback with plerocercoids of Schistocephalus solidus from Puck Bay (Baltic Sea, Poland). The total prevalence of infection was 54.2%, while proportion of infected individuals was significantly higher for females than for males. The body width was found to be significantly positively correlated with the number and the weight of parasites. In spite of the increasing deterioration of the Baltic Sea ecosystem by excessive eutrophication and hypoxia, lower prevalence of infection compared to previous published data indicates that there are likely other factors than pollution affecting the life cycle of parasites and the level of parasitism.
Distribution, diversity and some ecological characteristics of benthic amphipods in the Kapidağ Peninsula (Marmara Sea, Turkey)
Authors: Mulayim Aysegul , Arısal Saltuk Buğra , Balkıs Hüsamettin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the environmental factors affecting the fauna and the distribution of benthic amphipod species occurring on the Kapıdağ Peninsula, which is located in the south of the Marmara Sea. A total of 31 amphipod species were identified during the course of this study. In both seasons, Jassa marmorata (Holmes, 1905) and Protohyale schmidtii (Heller, 1866) were the most abundant species. During the study, temperature varied between 11.0 and 17.8°C, while salinity varied between 12.5 and 18.7 PSU; values of dissolved oxygen and pH ranged from 7.2 to 11.4 mg l-1 and 7.2 to 8.5 respectively at the coastal sites where hard bottom sampling was conducted. However, with regard to other sites where soft bottom sampling was carried out, the temperature varied between 8.0 and 18.0°C, salinity between 17.7 and 29.2 PSU, while values for dissolved oxygen and pH ranged from 5.1 to 11.4 mg l-1 and 7.8 to 8.7, respectively. In addition, the study of the amphipod species distribution revealed that the number of species was higher in spring compared to autumn while the number of individuals was higher in autumn compared to spring.
Macrophyte biometric features as an indicator of the trophic status of small water bodies
Authors: Nagengast Barbara , Kuczyńska-Kippen Natalia 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether biometric features of plants collected from single-species phytocoenoses developing in ponds can be used to describe habitat conditions of these water bodies. The biometric measurements were carried out in 148 field small water bodies at a total of 198 sites. The length of plants, their dry biomass, and volume of plant shoots were analyzed, converted to 1000 dm3 of water. The biometric measurements showed very large differences in individual parameters of different macrophyte species. The biggest differences were found in the length of elodeids and helophytes (from 1 cm to > 900 cm), regardless of trophic conditions. Although the Polish flora is dominated by plants having a wide ecological range, there are species whose parameters correspond to specific habitat fertility. The highest biometric parameters were found for Ceratophyllum submersum, Sparganium erectum, Typha latifolia and Schoenoplectus lacustris in ponds characterized by increased trophic conditions. In contrast, Myriophyllum spp. alone showed a negative correlation with trophic state indices. The trophic effect on the studied parameters becomes more apparent for species with optima in fertile water bodies. The parameters of Ceratophyllum submersum can be considered as the trophic state index (TSI).
Contracaecum spp. from endemic Baikal fishes: the Baikal yellowfin Cottocomephorus grewingkii (Dybowski, 1874) and the longfin Baikal sculpin Cottocomephorus inermis (Yakovlev, 1890)
Authors: Rusinek Olga , Kulikowski Marek , Najda Katarzyna , Rokicki Jerzy 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
All the nematodes found in body cavities of the examined endemic Baikal fishes: 88 Baikal yellowfin Cottocomephorus grewingkii (Dybowski, 1874) and 35 longfin Baikal sculpin Cottocomephorus inermis (Yakovlev, 1890) were identified as Contracaecum osculatum baicalensis (Mozgovoi and Ryjikov, 1950) L3 larvae. The prevalence, mean intensity, intensity range and abundance of the nematodes in C. grewingkii were 37.5%, 2.55, 1-31, and 0.96, respectively, the corresponding values in C. inermis were 60.0%, 2.43, 1-10, and 1.46. The infestation level in C. grewingkii was significantly higher than in C. inermis (Mann-Whitney U-test, p<0.02). The number of parasites was found to increase with the fish length. Although in both and C. inermis, the anisakids were more frequent in males (prevalence of 52.17 and 67.76%, respectively) than in females (prevalence of 35.39 and 42.86%, respectively), differences between the sexes in the infestation level in the two species were not significant (Mann-Whitney U-test, P= 0.09 and P=0.23, respectively). The molecular method applied (PCF-RFLP) allows to identify all the nematodes in both examined fish species as C. osculatum baicalensis.
Synthesis, structure, and optical nonlinearity of soluble ternary cadmium copper tellurolate complex [Cd(μ-TeTol)4{Cu(PPh3)2}2] (Tol = 4-tolyl)
Authors: Wang Yan-Jing , Hu Feng , Jia Ai-Quan , Shi Hua-Tian , Zhang Qian-Feng 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Reaction of [Me4N]2[Cd(TeTol)4] (Tol = 4-tolyl) with two equivalents of [Cu(PPh3)2NO3] gave a new soluble tellurolate-bridged heterobimetallic complex of [Cd(μ-TeTol)4{Cu(PPh3)2}2] (1) in which two [Cu(PPh3)2]+ fragments are chelated at opposite edges of a tetrahedral [Cd(TeTol)4]2– moiety via the tellurium atoms. Complex 1 is air and optically stable. The nonlinear optical absorption (α
2 = 7.4 × 10–4 cm W–1 mol–1) and refraction (n
2 = 2.3 × 10–9 cm2 W–1 mol–1) were determined by z-scan techniques with 7 ns pulses at 532 nm.
Adaptive Development of Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) Chemical Control Recommendations
Authors: Almquist Travis L. , Wirt Katie L. , Adams Jason W. , Lym Rodney G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractYellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris P. Mill.) infestations in North Dakota increased 300-fold from 1997 to 2011, when the plant was added to the state noxious weed list. Long-term control of other invasive species had included biological control agents, but no effective agents for yellow toadflax had been identified, so a control program using herbicides was needed. The objective was to shift from short-term control with picloram applied in the fall at maximum allowed rates to long-term management with minimal nontarget species impact with an adaptive management approach. Yellow toadflax control was increased from an average of 64% with picloram at 1,120 g ha−1 alone 12 mo after treatment (MAT) to over 90% when applied with diflufenzopyr while the picloram rate was reduced 50%. Yellow toadflax control with aminocyclopyrachlor applied at 140 g ha−1 ranged from 91 to 49% 12 MAT when applied in June or September, respectively. In contrast, yellow toadflax control with picloram plus dicamba plus diflufenzopyr averaged > 90% regardless of application date during the growing season. Land managers now have at least two options for long-term yellow toadflax control with a wide window of application timing. The goal of replacing a single high-use–rate herbicide treatment was met but both picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor can injure many desirable forbs. However, application timing can now be adjusted to have the least impact on nontarget species. The adaptive development program led to a 58% reduction in yellow toadflax infestations in North Dakota by 2014.
Gene therapy for haemophilia: an update on progress in clinical trials
Authors: Gilgunn Sarah 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Clotting factor replacement therapy has proven a highly effective means of treating haemophilia A and B. But treatment involves frequent and lifelong infusion of factor concentrates and is generally prophylactic rather than curative. It is also extremely expensive, associated with inhibitor formation and does not fully abolish the potential for spontaneous bleeding. Gene therapy offers a potential cure for haemophilia, with the possible continuous expression of a clotting factor gene following the administration of a viral vector carrying the appropriate gene. Recent clinical trials of gene therapy for haemophilia have proven positive in selected patients and new studies are underway.
Patient advocacy helps patients weigh up gene therapy trial risk/benefits
Authors: Morris John 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The investigators behind the first gene therapy trial with adenoassociated virus 8 (AAV8) Factor IX appointed a patient ombudsperson to help ensure participants were able to give truly informed consent. The experiences and challenges of the ombudsperson, who met with the first six UK-based patients, are described. It was stressed to potential participants that altruism, rather than any expectation of clinical benefit, should be the primary motivation to taking part. At the same time a sober assessment of the potential risks to their safety needed to be made.
Development and Field Trial of the Well-Lateral-Intervention Tool
Authors: Noui-Mehidi M. N. , Saeed A. S. , Al-Khamees H.. , Farouk M.. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Wells with extended-reach multilaterals have improved reservoir contact and have opened the opportunity for well-placement and -drilling optimization. Since the early 2000s, the number of maximum-reservoir-contact wells has increased substantially, and the benefit of these wells is being realized at the early implementation stage. To enhance the performance of these multilateral wells, intervention operations in the laterals are required. Stimulation, data acquisition, and other operations are required to optimize the production from the laterals; however, accessing the lateral of any wellbore for intervention in a reliable manner is still a challenge. The present paper describes the development of an intelligent, real-time controllable tool, the well-lateral-intervention tool (WLIT), that can identify a lateral junction and steer an intervention/surveillance string into it. The WLIT is designed to be deployed by use of either coiled tubing or e-line (with the help of a well tractor for extended-reach horizontal deployment) for logging and/or stimulation purposes. This application provides the ability to increase the quantity and quality of information collected from the entire well—main bore and the multiple laterals individually—to obtain the best answer. The discussion is dedicated to the development stages of the tool and field-trial-test results. The WLIT has two versions. The first version is called “wired,” which accommodates specific logging tools that are compatible with the WLIT design, whereas the second version, “wireless,” allows the use of all types of logging-tool strings from any third-party provider. The test results highlight both versions of the tool. The WLIT sensory equipment and the control environment are described, and results from the field-trial tests are presented.
Distal tibial tuberosity translation using TTA implants for the treatment of patella alta in large breed dogs
Authors: Pike F. S. , Aiken S. W. , Pugliese L. C. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIntroduction: Medial patellar luxation frequently occurs in dogs resulting in lameness with increasing incidence in large breed dogs. Patella alta has been defined as a patellar ligament length to patellar length ratio that is greater than two and may predispose to patellar luxation.Objective: To describe the surgical technique for stabilization of the distal translation of the tibial tuberosity using tibial tuberosity advancement plates and the clinical outcomes with follow-up for clinical cases of dogs.Methods: Dogs that were presented with the complaint of patellar luxation and that were concurrently diagnosed with patella alta and were greater than 20 kg in body weight underwent surgery using a tibial tuberosity advancement plate to stabilize the osteotomy. Radiographic assessment of A:PL distance (the ratio of the proximal aspect of the patella to the femoral condyle [A] to the patellar length [PL]), L:P ratio (ratio of the length of the patellar ligament to the diagonal length of the patella), and owner assessment were obtained.Results: Eleven stifles in nine dogs underwent surgical correction with a mean preoperative L:P ratio of 2.47. There were no complications and the lameness resolved clinically. The mean A:PL ratios preoperatively (2.6 ± 0.22) and postoperatively (2.1 ± 0.25) were significantly different (p = 0.0003). All owners were satisfied with the outcome and all dogs had a resolution of lameness with no recurrence of patellar luxation.Clinical significance: Stabilization of distal translation of the tibial tuberosity using tibial tuberosity advancement implants to correct patella alta in large breed dogs was feasible and resulted in good clinical outcome.
Impact of a Low-Glucose Peritoneal Dialysis Regimen on Fibrosis and Inflammation Biomarkers
Authors: Yung Susan , Lui Sing Leung , Ng Chris K.F. , Yim Andrew , Ma Maggie K.M. , Lo Kin Yee , Chow Chik Cheung , Chu Kwok Hong , Chak Wai Leung , Lam Man Fai , Yung Chun Yu , Yip Terence P.S. , Wong Sunny , Tang Colin S.O. , Ng Flora S.K. , Chan Tak Mao 
Published: April 2015

Background The impact of a low-glucose peritoneal dialysis (PD) regimen on biomarkers of peritoneal inflammation, fibrosis and membrane integrity remains to be investigated. Methods In a randomized, prospective study, 80 incident PD patients received either a low-glucose regimen comprising Physioneal (P), Extraneal (E) and Nutrineal (N) (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) (PEN group), or Dianeal (control group) for 12 months, after which both groups continued with Dianeal dialysis for 6 months. Serum and dialysate levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), decorin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), hyaluronan (HA), adiponectin, solubleintracellular adhesion molecule (s-ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin, and dialysate cancer antigen 125 (CA125), were measured after 12 and 18 months. This paper focuses on results after 12 months, when patients in the PEN group changed to glucose-based PD fluid (PDF). Results At the end of 12 months, effluent dialysate levels of CA125, decorin, HGF, IL-6, adiponectin and adhesion molecules were significantly higher in the PEN group compared to controls, but all decreased after patients switched to glucose-based PDF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor level was lower in the PEN group but increased after changing to glucose-based PDF and was similar to controls at 18 months. Serum adiponectin level was higher in the PEN group at 12 months, but was similar in the 2 groups at 18 months. Body weight, residual renal function, ultrafiltration volume and total Kt/V did not differ between both groups. Dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio at 4 h was higher in the PEN group at 12 months and remained so after switching to glucose-based PDF. Conclusion Changes in the biomarkers suggest that the PEN PD regimen may be associated with better preservation of peritoneal membrane integrity and reduced systemic vascular endothelial injury.
Spread and dispersal of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): estimating the spatial dynamics of a difficult-to-detect invasive forest pest
Authors: Siegert Nathan W. , Mercader Rodrigo J. , McCullough Deborah G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe emerald ash borer (EAB),Agrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a destructive invasive pest that threatens North American ash (Fraxinus(Oleaceae)) and inflicts substantial aesthetic, ecological, and economic damage in urban forests and rural woodlands. Understanding adult EAB dispersal and spread of infestations is critical to effectively manage and mitigate its potential impact in North America and elsewhere. Challenges of quantifying short-distance and long-distance movement of adult EAB in the field remain exceptionally difficult. Here we review our current understanding of EAB spread. Research to date suggests natural spread of EAB populations is variable and influenced by local environmental conditions, but limited to only a few km per year. In contrast, long-distance spread resulting from anthropogenic movement of infested ash material, such as nursery trees or firewood, can greatly increase local and regional rate of spread through the formation of satellite populations. Key areas in need of future research are highlighted.