bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling PTSD Symptom Clusters, Alcohol Misuse, Anger, and Depression as They Relate to Aggression and Suicidality in Returning U.S. Veterans
Authors: Hellmuth Julianne C. , Stappenbeck Cynthia A. , Hoerster Katherine D. , Jakupcak Matthew 
Published: October 2012

Suicidal ideation and aggression are common correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. The existing literature has established a strong link between these factors, but a more nuanced understanding of how PTSD influences them is needed. The current study examined the direct and indirect relationships between PTSD symptom clusters and suicidal ideation in general aggression (without a specified target) regarding depression, alcohol misuse, and trait anger. Participants were 359 (92% male) U.S. Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. Path analysis results suggested that the PTSD numbing cluster was directly (β = .28, p < .01) and indirectly (β = .17, p = .001) related through depression. The PTSD hyperarousal cluster was indirectly related to suicidal ideation through depression (β = .13, p < .001). The PTSD reexperiencing cluster was directly related to aggression (β = .17, p < .05), whereas the PTSD numbing and hyperarousal clusters were indirectly related to aggression through trait anger (β = .05, p < .05; β = .20, p < .001). These findings indicate that adjunct treatments aimed at stabilizing anger, depression, and alcohol misuse may help clinicians ameliorate the maladaptive patterns often observed in veterans. These results also point to specific manifestations of PTSD and co‐occurring conditions that may inform clinicians in their attempts to identify at risk veterans and facilitate preventative interventions.
Rumination Moderates the Associations Between PTSD and Depressive Symptoms and Risky Behaviors in U. S. Veterans
Authors: Borders Ashley , McAndrew Lisa M. , Quigley Karen S. , Chandler Helena K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRisky behaviors, including unsafe sex, aggression, rule breaking, self‐injury, and dangerous substance use have become a growing issue for U.S. veterans returning from combat deployments. Evidence in nonveteran samples suggests that risky behaviors reflect efforts to cope with and alleviate depressive and/or anxious symptoms, particularly for individuals with poor emotion‐regulation skills. These associations have not been studied in veterans. Rumination, or repeated thoughts about negative feelings and past events, is a coping strategy that is associated with several psychopathologies common in veterans. In this cross‐sectional study, 91 recently returned veterans completed measures of trait rumination, self‐reported risky behaviors, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Analyses revealed that veterans with more depressive and PTSD symptoms reported more risky behaviors. Moreover, rumination significantly interacted with PTSD symptoms and depressive symptoms (both β = .21, p < .05), such that psychiatric symptoms were associated with risky behaviors only for veterans with moderate to high levels of rumination. Although cross‐sectional, these findings support theory that individuals with poor coping skills may be particularly likely to respond to negative mood states by engaging in risky behaviors. Implications include using rumination‐focused interventions with veterans in order to prevent engagement in risky behaviors.
Changes in Social Adjustment With Cognitive Processing Therapy: Effects of Treatment and Association With PTSD Symptom Change
Authors: Monson Candice M. , Macdonald Alexandra , Vorstenbosch Valerie , Shnaider Philippe , Goldstein Elizabeth S. R. , Ferrier‐Auerbach Amanda G. , Mocciola Katharine E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe current study sought to determine if different spheres of social adjustment, social and leisure, family, and work and income improved immediately following a course of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) when compared with those on a waiting list in a sample of 46 U.S. veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also sought to determine whether changes in different PTSD symptom clusters were associated with changes in these spheres of social adjustment. Overall social adjustment, extended family relationships, and housework completion significantly improved in the CPT versus waiting‐list condition, η2 = .08 to .11. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that improvements in total clinician‐rated PTSD symptoms were associated with improvements in overall social and housework adjustment. When changes in reexperiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing, and hyperarousal were all in the model accounting for changes in total social adjustment, improvements in emotional numbing symptoms were associated with improvements in overall social, extended family, and housework adjustment (β = .38 to .55). In addition, improvements in avoidance symptoms were associated with improvements in housework adjustment (β = .30), but associated with declines in extended family adjustment (β = −.34). Results suggest that it is important to consider the extent to which PTSD treatments effectively reduce specific types of symptoms, particularly emotional numbing and avoidance, to generally improve social adjustment.
Posttraumatic Growth Following Cancer: Links to Quality of Life
Authors: Tomich Patricia L. , Helgeson Vicki S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study examined the linkage of posttraumatic growth (PTG) to quality of life (QOL) among individuals newly diagnosed with cancer. Individuals (26 men, 36 women) reported PTG 3 months postdiagnosis (T1) and 3 months later (T2). Cross‐sectional analyses revealed a linear association between PTG and QOL—more PTG was related toworsemental health at T1 (β = −.28). PTG, however, revealed a quadratic relationship with depressive symptoms at T1 and physical health at T2: Individuals with high or low levels of PTG had fewer depressive symptoms and better QOL than those with moderate levels. Longitudinal analyses revealed a linear association between PTG and QOL; more PTG at T1 predicted better physical health at T2. There were no longitudinal curvilinear associations. Although the linear links of PTG to QOL were contradictory within this study, both of the curvilinear relations, although not robust, confirm previous research. Further analyses differentiated low, medium, and high PTG groups in terms of perceiving cancer as stressful, intrusive thoughts, and coping strategies. Overall, relations of PTG to adjustment may be more complex and dynamic than previously assumed. Clinicians should consider the notion that more growth may sometimes, but not always, be better.
Fluorescent Polymeric Micelles with Tetraphenylethylene Moieties and Their Application for the Selective Detection of Glucose
Authors: Shen Xiang , Shi Yi , Peng Bo , Li Kan , Xiang Junfeng , Zhang Guanxin , Liu Zitong , Chen Yongming , Zhang Deqing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBy linking TPE moieties that exhibit aggregation‐induced (enhanced) emission to the amphiphilic copolymer 1, fluorescent micelles are prepared and characterized. The polymeric micelles exhibit relatively strong fluorescence which can be tuned by heating and cooling. By combining cascaded enzymatic (oxidation of D‐glucose with GOx) and chemical (oxidation of I– by H2O2) reactions, the fluorescent micelles of copolymer 1 are successfully utilized for the selective detection of D‐glucose in aqueous solution. The influences of proteins (e.g., bovine serum albumin) and reductants (e.g., ascorbic acid) on this fluorescence detection of D‐glucose are also discussed. magnified image
One‐Step Preparation and pH‐Tunable Self‐Aggregation of Amphoteric Aliphatic Polycarbonates Bearing Plenty of Amine and Carboxyl Groups
Authors: Wang Hua‐Fen , Jia Hui‐Zhen , Zhu Jing‐Yi , Chu Yan‐Feng , Feng Jun , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Zhuo Ren‐Xi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper reports a novel amphoteric aliphatic polycarbonate bearing both amine and carboxyl groups. In the absence of protection‐deprotection chemistry, the multi‐functionalized copolymer is synthesized by one‐step enzymatic copolymerization. The influences of the reaction conditions including monomer feed ratio and polymerization time are explored. The simultaneous incorporation of amine and carboxyl functionalities provides the copolymer with a pH‐tunable self‐aggregation feature, leading to various aggregation states including precipitated agglomerate, well‐dispersed positively or negatively charged nanoparticles in a controlled manner. The copolymer displays minimal cytotoxicity to 293T and HeLa cells. magnified image
Schatten‐Herz class Toeplitz operators on harmonic Bergman spaces of smooth domains in Rn
Authors: Lv Xiaofen , Hu Zhangjian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOn the setting of the bounded domain Ω in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\textbf R}^n$\end{document} with C∞ boundary, we introduce the Schatten‐Herz classes Toeplitz operators. And in term of averaging functions and Berezin transforms, we characterize those finite positive Borel measures μ on Ω for which the induced Toeplitz operators are in Shatten‐Herz classes. As some preliminary results, we obtain the sharp estimate of integral means for the harmonic Bergman kernel on the level surface and the boundedness of the Berezin transform on the Herz spaces.
Grothendieck‐Lidskiǐ theorem for subspaces of Lp‐spaces
Authors: Reinov Oleg , Latif Qaisar 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn 1955, A. Grothendieck has shown that if the linear operator T in a Banach subspace of an L∞‐space is 2/3‐nuclear then the trace of T is well defined and is equal to the sum of all eigenvalues {μk(T)} of T. Lidskiǐ, in 1959, proved his famous theorem on the coincidence of the trace of the S1‐operator in L2(ν) with its spectral trace \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\sum _{k=1}^\infty \mu _k(T)$\end{document}. We show that for p ∈ [1, ∞] and s ∈ (0, 1] with 1/s = 1 + |1/2 − 1/p|, and for every s‐nuclear operator T in every subspace of any Lp(ν)‐space the trace of T is well defined and equals the sum of all eigenvalues of T. Note that for p = 2 one has s = 1, and for p = ∞ one has s = 2/3.
Two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional Doppler assessment of fetal growth restriction with different severity and onset
Authors: Luria Oded , Barnea Ofer , Shalev Josef , Barkat Jonathan , Kovo Michal , Golan Abraham , Bar Jacob 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the role of three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasonography in the assessment of fetal growth‐restriction (FGR) with various degrees of severity and onset, and compare the results with the analysis of two‐dimensional (2D) Doppler.Study designVascular indices extracted from 3D Doppler measurements of the placenta were compared with indices of flow‐velocity waveforms extracted from 2D Doppler measurements of the major sites of the fetal circulation between FGR (study group) and uncomplicated pregnancies (control group) from 25 to 38 weeks’ gestation.ResultsThree‐dimensional indices were significantly lower in pregnancies complicated by FGR compared with uncomplicated pregnancies. When measured in placental periphery, vascularization index was 9.4 ± 9.6 in FGR pregnancies compared with 16 ± 14.7, P = 0.04. Flow index was 33.9 ± 6.9 compared with 38.7 ± 4.9, P = 0.03 and the vascularization‐flow index was 3.8 ± 4.3 compared with 6.5 ± 6, respectively, P = 0.03. Among the conventional 2D indices, umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery pulsatility indices were not significantly different between the FGR and control groups. Higher rate of maternal or fetal compartment vascular lesions were detected in the FGR group.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional Doppler was found to be more strongly associated with placental vascular compromise than conventional 2D Doppler, regardless of severity and onset of fetal growth restriction. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithm for the evaluation of therapeutic failure reports—proposal and pilot analysis
Authors: González Claudia Patricia Vaca , Martínez Roxana Patricia De las salas , Gutiérrez José Julián López , Pedraza Ricardo Sánchez , Figueras Albert 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo propose and validate an algorithm to analyze the reports of suspected therapeutic failure (TF) received in pharmacovigilance programs.MethodsA Delphi consensus method with a group of 12 international experts was used to identify the different causes that prompt TF and to propose an algorithm to analyze reports of suspected lack of efficacy of medicines. A pilot analysis of 50 reports was the basis to evaluate the interrater and intrarater validity of the algorithm.ResultsA 10‐question algorithm was proposed. The evaluation of 50 reports of suspected TF showed that only 8% could be actually attributed to a manufacturing quality problem, whereas the real reason underlying the alleged TF was the inappropriate use of the prescribed drug in 28%. Minimum information to attribute the cause to a TF was lacking in 31% of these reports. The interrater reliability was “moderate” (kappa coefficient = 0.55), and the intrarater reliability ranged from 0.732 to 0.908 (“substantial” to “almost perfect”).ConclusionsThe proposed TF algorithm is a valid, reliable, and reproducible analysis tool that can help to disentangle the frequent and complex reports of suspected TF. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer coating of carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer mediated emulsion polymerization
Authors: Nguyen Duc , Such Chris H. , Hawkett Brian S. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this work, successful polymer coating of COOH‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated emulsion polymerization is reported. The method used amphiphilic macro‐RAFT copolymers as stabilizers for MWCNT dispersions, followed by their subsequent coating with poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate). Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) was initially used to change the charge on the surface of the MWCNTs to facilitate adsorption of negatively charged macro‐RAFT copolymer onto their surface via electrostatic interactions. After polymerization, the resultant latex was found to contain uniform polymer‐coated MWCNTs where polymer layer thickness could be controlled by the amount of monomer fed into the reaction. The polymer‐coated MWCNTs were demonstrated to be dispersible in both polar and nonpolar solvents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
High‐Resolution Mapping of Wet Terrain within Discontinuous Permafrost using LiDAR Intensity
Authors: Stevens Christopher W. , Wolfe Stephen A. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTSurface hydrology is an important aspect of northern environments on account of the thermal influence of water on permafrost. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to map wet terrain within an area of discontinuous permafrost adjacent to the Northwest Territories Highway 3, located west of Yellowknife, Canada. Wet terrain was identified from LiDAR intensity measurements beneath forest canopies and across vegetated surfaces, including peatlands, fens, flooded black spruce and birch forests, and terrain adjacent to the highway embankment. Surface water pathways representing hydrological connections between water bodies and wet terrain were also identified at locations otherwise indiscernible from optical imagery. Statistical separability between terrain types, and thus the ability to map them, was improved by integrating LiDAR all‐return and bare‐earth intensity with colour orthophotos. The average classification accuracy for wet terrain was 93 per cent. These results indicate that LiDAR intensity can be used for local‐scale mapping of wet terrain, as required by northern engineers and scientists. Future integration of LiDAR intensity and elevation measurements may be used to assess changes in surface hydrological conditions impacting permafrost. Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2012.
U‐calculation of the LSDA + U functional using the hybrid B3LYP and HSE functionals
Authors: Andriotis Antonis N. , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Lisenkov Sergey , Sheetz R. Michael , Menon Madhu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe generalize the DFT/SGGA + U (density functional theory (DFT) at the spin polarized generalized gradient approximation (SGGA) and the Hubbard‐U approximation) functional with a view to bring the calculated electronic band structures in agreement with experiment in an efficient way. We show the necessity of incorporating the different components of U, namely the Us/p/d‐terms, for the s, p, and d orbitals, to achieve this objective. The proposed generalization requires the knowledge of a few specific spectral features to which we fit the results of the DFT/SGGA + U calculations. In the absence of experimental data we use results obtained by more accurate ab initio calculations such as, the Becke 3‐parameter Lee Yang Parr (B3LYP) and the Heyd‐Scuseria‐Ernzerhof (HSE06) ones for fitting purposes. Application of the method to select materials shows it to be a relatively inexpensive and promising approach for obtaining excitation spectra of materials.
Effect of weak magnetic field on terahertz radiation of hot electrons in n‐Ge
Authors: Bondar V. M. , Tomchuk P. M. , Shepelskii G. A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present results of experimental studies of the effect of weak magnetic field (H = 300 Oe) on the intensity of terahertz radiation (λ = 100 µm) of hot electrons from n‐Ge at the near liquid helium temperatures (T ≈ 5 K) when both electric and magnetic fields are oriented along the same direction. Strong effect of the weak magnetic field (reduction of the radiation intensity by a factor of 3–10) is observed to occur under relatively weak electric fields (5–15 V/cm), thus demonstrating a switch‐like effect. We show experimentally that this strong effect is due to sharp decrease of the free carrier concentration by means of suppression of the donor ionization by the magnetic field. Much less reduction of the radiation intensity (up to 20% of the initial value) caused by the weak magnetic field is reliably detected under stronger electric fields (100–200 V/cm) when all donors are ionized and the influence of the magnetic field on the carrier concentration is expected to be absent. We propose a theoretical model to explain the subtle effect of the weak magnetic field on the THz hot electron radiation at stronger electric fields which reveals through the longitudinal magnetoresistance. The longitudinal magnetoesistance is shown to become essential due to anisotropy of the electron energy dispersion law and due to strong modification of the electron velocity distribution function by stronger electric fields. Our theoretical estimations well agree with our experimental results.
Static anti‐windup design for a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: da Silva J.M.Gomes , Oliveira M.Z. , Coutinho D. , Tarbouriech S. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThis paper focuses on the problem of static anti‐windup design for a class of multivariable nonlinear systems subject to actuator saturation. The considered class regards all systems that are rational on the states or that can be conveniently represented by a rational system with algebraic constraints considering some variable changes. More precisely, a method is proposed to compute a static anti‐windup gain which ensures regional stability for the closed‐loop system assuming that a dynamic output feedback controller is previously designed to stabilize the nonlinear system. The results are based on a differential algebraic representation of rational systems. The control saturation effects are taken into account by the application of a generalized sector bound condition. From these elements, LMI‐based conditions are devised to compute an anti‐windup gain with the aim of enlarging the closed‐loop region of attraction. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐State Nanopore Detection of Protein Complexes: Applications in Healthcare and Protein Kinetics
Authors: Freedman Kevin J. , Bastian Arangassery R. , Chaiken Irwin , Kim Min Jun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractProtein conjugation provides a unique look into many biological phenomena and has been used for decades for molecular recognition purposes. In this study, the use of solid‐state nanopores for the detection of gp120‐associated complexes are investigated. They exhibit monovalent and multivalent binding to anti‐gp120 antibody monomer and dimers. In order to investigate the feasibility of many practical applications related to nanopores, detection of specific protein complexes is attempted within a heterogeneous protein sample, and the role of voltage on complexed proteins is researched. It is found that the electric field within the pore can result in unbinding of a freely translocating protein complex within the transient event durations measured experimentally. The strong dependence of the unbinding time with voltage can be used to improve the detection capability of the nanopore system by adding an additional level of specificity that can be probed. These data provide a strong framework for future protein‐specific detection schemes, which are shown to be feasible in the realm of a ‘real‐world’ sample and an automated multidimensional method of detecting events.
Antimicrobial polymers as synthetic mimics of host‐defense peptides
Authors: Kuroda Kenichi , Caputo Gregory A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAntibiotic‐resistant bacteria ‘superbugs’ are an emerging threat to public health due to the decrease in effective antibiotics as well as the slowed pace of development of new antibiotics to replace those that become ineffective. The need for new antimicrobial agents is a well‐documented issue relating to world health. Tremendous efforts have been given to developing compounds that not only show high efficacy, but also those that are less susceptible to resistance development in the bacteria. However, the development of newer, stronger antibiotics which can overcome these acquired resistances is still a scientific challenge because a new mode of antimicrobial action is likely required. To that end, amphiphilic, cationic polymers have emerged as a promising candidate for further development as an antimicrobial agent with decreased potential for resistance development. These polymers are designed to mimic naturally occurring host‐defense antimicrobial peptides which act on bacterial cell walls or membranes. Antimicrobial‐peptide mimetic polymers display antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria including drug‐resistant strains and are less susceptible to resistance development in bacteria. These polymers also showed selective activity to bacteria over mammalian cells. Antimicrobial polymers provide a new molecular framework for chemical modification and adaptation to tune their biological functions. The peptide‐mimetic design of antimicrobial polymers will be versatile, generating a new generation of antibiotics toward implementation of polymers in biomedical applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:49–66. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1199This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures