bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizations of Disproportionate Permeability Reduction of Particle Gels through Fractures
Authors: Imqam Abdulmohsin , Bai Baojun , Xiong Chunming , Wei Mingzhen , Delshad Mojdeh , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The primary objective of particle gel treatment is to significantly reduce water flow through high-permeability channels without damaging oil production zones. The ability of gels to reduce permeability to water much more than permeability to oil is a critical aspect of the success of water control in both production wells and in-depth fluid diversion conformance control. This work investigates factors affecting particle gel placement through fractures and determines the extent to which particle gels can reduce water permeability more than oil permeability within a fracture. Experimental models were designed to study the effect of the particle gel size, particle gel strength, fracture width, and oil viscosity on the disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR). Five-foot tubes with two internal diameters were used to represent a fracture with two different widths. PPGs were injected first into the fractures, followed by alternating floods of water and oil. During the gel injection, the resistance factors (Fr) increased as the gel particle size, gel strength, and fracture width increased. Results obtained from the alternating floods show that the DPR increased as the oil viscosity, particle size, gel strength, and fracture width increased. Gel shrinkage, gel strength, and gel dehydration were found to contribute significantly to this phenomenon. The permeability reduction factor to water increased, becoming 100 to 1700 times greater than the permeability reduction factor to oil. The injection pressure for different water cycles increased as more cycles were performed. These increases, however, were not significant when observed for different oil cycles. The experimental results show that when a second water cycle was injected to displace oil, the residual resistance factor for water (Frrw) in the second cycle was significantly less than the preceding Frrw values. This finding indicates that the gel experienced a significant breakdown during the first oil cycles. Additional oil cycles were performed, and the Frrw decreased during each new brine cycle, indicating further gel breakdown.
Improved Understanding of Gas/Liquid Transport in Unconventional Shales of the Eagle Ford USA, Montney Canada, and REM Australia Through Micromorphological and Laboratory Analyses of Rock Fabric and Pore Sizes
Authors: Wüst Raphael A. , Cui Albert , Nassichuk Brent , Brezovski Ron , Letham Eric , Bustin R. Marc 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Unconventional self-sourced sedimentary rocks of three important but contrasting plays, the USA (Eagle Ford), Canada (Montney) and Australia (Roseneath-Epsilon-Murteree, REM) are investigated for rock fabric, pore size and pore networks to better understand gas/liquid flow potentials. The Eagle Ford Shale contains marine carbonate mudstones, the Montney Formation has marine siliciclastic siltstone/mudstones and the REM has lacustrine siliciclastic siltstone/shales. Microscopic analysis of the different rock types show marked differences in the rock texture which is a key element for both gas/fluid flow as well as rock behavior during and after hydraulic fracturing. The samples in this study show high variability in detrital grains, diagenetic minerals as well as organic matter and clay mineral distribution. It is hypothesized that abundant clay minerals in these rocks reflect diagenetic alteration and neoformation during burial which then influence gas and liquid flow paths. During and after well stimulations, these and other clay-size minerals may contribute to fines migration.
Total mercury and He-porosity data of these contrasting plays vary and comparisons with micrographic investigations show that the amount of pore space is often a function of the rocks diagenetic pathways which is elaborated in this study. Mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) analysis shows that the majority of the pore throats are &lt;20–30 nm in size with few larger pore throats present. However, both Montney and Eagle Ford samples have common large (20 to &gt;400 nm) individual pores observed using Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). These may be isolated or only connected through narrow pore-throats to the primary pore network and thus mercury access is limited during the MICP tests even under higher pressure conditions. MICP is limited to the detection of pore throats which are &gt;3 nm in diameter and often underestimates the total porosity in tight rocks. Helium however can penetrate through narrow pore throats and yields different, higher porosity data compared to MICP. In this study, we present and compare various porosity methods in order to define the pore structure and connectivity which are important for both storage and transport of gas/liquid hydrocarbons in three endmembers of tight rock plays. Systematic comparisons between the three shale plays highlight the importance of properly characterizing tight rocks with appropriate methods.
The Application of Advanced Wellbore Monitoring in Coal Seam Gas for Continuous Inflow Profiling
Authors: Naldrett Garth , Oguche Iko , Mazumder Saikat , Kubenk David , Scott Michael 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper describes the application of down-hole monitoring technologies to a coal seam gas (CSG) field located in the Bowen Basin in Queensland, Australia. The monitoring technology includes both conventional bottom-hole pressure sensing and the newer, fibre optic-based Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS). As one of the first applications of DTS in a low permeability CSG well we will review the method of installation, data gathered and application of this data for monitoring production from multiple intervals in a single coal seam.
The coals in the Bowen Basin region are characteristically of low permeability, and multi-seam hydraulically fractured wells are commonly deployed as a result. All wells require artificial lift; as a result, water is produced up the tubing string, generally with the assistance of a Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP), whilst gas flows up the annulus. Whilst this is an economic method of evaluating the performance of multiple formations simultaneously, the key limitation of this practice for appraisal purposes is that only total, commingled production for each phase is measured at surface.
Given the requirement for artificial lift, production logging techniques are currently unavailable to assist in this multi-seam production allocation, meaning that typically, a reservoir simulation history-matching process is required to estimate the relative performance of individual formations based upon regional trends derived from core measurements or static well logs, often with little justification to adjust parameters outside certain ranges. Any unexpected changes in these reservoir parameters (gas content, permeability, etc.) or completion properties (perforation / stimulation effectiveness) between layers can give rise to dramatic differences in production contribution, which may impact the assessment of which formations (or collection thereof) are prospective targets for further development.
DTS allows the measurement of a continuous flow profile during desorption and subsequent production. This allows for better understanding of any such heterogeneity between production intervals, and an improved understanding of the reasons for production variation both at start-up and over time.
This paper will present DTS data acquired over the initial stages of the well life and show how the thermal behaviour changes over time with production. We will discuss how the thermal profile is related to the well production rate, and describe some of the complexity involved in the inversion process when converting a thermal profile to a production profile. This inversion is especially complex as a typical CSG well is completed with artificial lift and has flow in both the tubing and annulus. This creates separate, but coupled, thermal responses in the tubing and annulus. The well performance and thermal behaviour also depends on the liquid level in the annulus, which is itself controlled by the rate of the PCP.
Plant Growth Regulator and Soil Surfactants’ Effects on Saline and Deficit Irrigated Warm‐Season Grasses: I. Turf Quality and Soil Moisture
Authors: Schiavon Marco , Leinauer Bernd , Serena Matteo , Maier Bernd , Sallenave Rossana 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA study was conducted at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, NM, from 2010 to 2012 to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) cultivar Princess 77 and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) cultivar Sea Spray treated with either soil surfactants [Revolution (modified methyl capped block copolymer) or Dispatch (alkyl polyglucoside blended with a straight block copolymer)] or a plant growth regulator [Trinexapac‐ethyl (TE); 4‐(cyclopropylhydroxymethylene)‐3,5‐dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid]. Irrigation was applied daily at 50% reference evapotranspiration from either a sprinkler or a subsurface drip system with either potable (electrical conductivity [EC] = 0.6 dS m−1) or saline (2.3 dS m−1) water. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and visual ratings were determined monthly to assess stand quality and turf stress. Princess 77 treated with TE showed the highest quality and the highest NDVI (0.655) on 10 out of 15 sampling dates. Positive effects of TE applications were also observed on Sea Spray quality, NDVI, and fall color retention. Subsurface drip irrigation resulted in higher quality and NDVI during the third year of the study when compared with sprinkler irrigation. Salinity buildup in the root zone did not negatively affect visual quality of the tested warm‐season species. Generally, sprinkler irrigation system and turf treated with Revolution promoted higher water distribution uniformity (lower standard deviations) than the other treatments. Further research is needed to investigate if greater drought tolerance of subsurface drip–irrigated turf is the result of increased water‐use efficiency due to altered root morphology.
Novel Germplasm and Screening Methods for Early Cold Tolerance in Sorghum
Authors: Salas Fernandez Maria G. , Schoenbaum Gregory R. , Goggi A. Susana 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is well known for its great potential for producing grain, feed, and fuel under stressful conditions such as drought and heat. However, its genetic potential to withstand cold, wet environments at germination has not been extensively exploited because of limited sources of early‐season cold tolerance. The objective of this study was to select novel, not previously characterized, cold‐tolerant sorghum accessions that can germinate in a traditional cold test at 10°C in the laboratory and emerge in the field under a wide range of stressful conditions. Fifty‐six accessions (38 Kaoliangs and 18 non‐Kaoliang of different geographic origin) were screened in the laboratory using a 7‐d and a 14‐d cold test at 10°C with soil, and they were also evaluated under early planting conditions in the field at two locations in the Midwest. The 7‐d cold test was the best predictor of seed emergence in the field (r = 0.50–0.61), while the standard germination test overestimated field performance. Twelve of the top 15 accessions exhibiting cold tolerance in the 7‐d cold test were also ranked within the top 15 under field conditions. Eight novel accessions were identified in this experiment with potential superior alleles for cold tolerance. Breeders could perform preliminary screening of germplasm for cold‐tolerant alleles in the laboratory using the 7‐d, 10°C cold test.
Winter Wheat Eastern European Regional Yield Trial: Identification of Superior Genotypes and Characterization of Environments
Authors: Sharma R. C. , Morgounov A. , Akin B. , Bespalova L. , Lang L. , Litvinenko M. , Mustatea P. , Ozturk I. , Postolatiy A. , Rajaram S. , Braun H. J. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP)—a collaboration between the government of Turkey, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)—develops and globally distributes improved winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm. The Winter Wheat Eastern European Regional Yield Trial was conducted by IWWIP during 1998–2005 using elite lines and varieties from IWWIP, Eastern Europe (EE), the United States, and Central and West Asia (CWA). This study analyzed data to identify superior genotypes and key locations that could be useful for future international collaboration on winter wheat. Grain yield and agronomic traits of 422 elite breeding lines and new varieties from 17 countries were evaluated across 39 locations. Superior genotypes and key environments for grain yield were determined using genotype and genotype × environment biplot analyses. Many superior genotypes were identified for both EE and CWA, and 11 genotypes showed high, stable grain yield across the regions. The most representative and discriminating sites for grain yield were Konya and Eskisehir, Turkey (overall); Edirne, Turkey (CWA); and Dobrich, Bulgaria (EE). These findings represent a comprehensive analysis of yield and stability of a large, globally important set of winter wheat genotypes and growing locations, which may be useful for national and international winter wheat improvement programs.
Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Resistance to Empoasca in Common Bean
Authors: Brisco Elizabeth I. , Porch Timothy G. , Cregan Perry B. , Kelly James D. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTEmpoasca species leafhoppers are a major insect pest of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), that cause significant economic losses in both tropical (E. kraemeri) and temperate (E. fabae) regions of the Americas. The objective of this study was to use Insertion–Deletion (InDel) and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the BARCBean6K_3 Beadchip to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with traits related to leafhopper resistance in common bean. Traits for leaf curl and leaf burn damage, as well as Empoasca spp. nymph counts, were evaluated in an inbred backcross line population (Matterhorn*/EMP507) of beans in temperate (Michigan) and tropical (Puerto Rico) climates. Fourteen QTL associated with resistance to E. fabae and E. kraemeri were identified on five chromosomes explaining up to 66.0% of the phenotypic variation for single resistance traits. A major QTL cluster associated with multiple resistance traits and closely linked to the P color gene was detected for both leafhopper species in multiple seasons under both choice and no‐choice treatments on Pv07 (LH7.1, LH7.2, LH7.3), thus validating a similar QTL identified in previous studies. A novel QTL (LH2.2) for E. fabae nymph counts, identified on Pv02 in three seasons, may be associated with antibiosis resistance. Resistance to each leafhopper species appears to be controlled by separate genetic mechanisms in common bean as there was little overlap of QTL regions between species. These QTL could be used to develop beans with leafhopper resistance as an alternative to costly chemical controls while reducing risks to the environment and human health.
Soybean Irrigation Management: Agronomic Impacts of Deferred, Deficit, and Full‐Season Strategies
Authors: Torrion Jessica A. , Setiyono Tri D. , Graef George L. , Cassman Kenneth G. , Irmak Suat , Specht James E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe efficiency of irrigation water use is improved if irrigations are scheduled only when soil water depletion exceeds a chosen crop‐specific threshold percentage of field capacity (FC). Further improvement may be possible by accounting for seasonal variance in yield sensitivity to water stress. In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], the vegetative and bloom stages are notably less sensitive to water stress than are the pod‐set and seed‐fill stages. A 2‐yr experiment was conducted to determine the yield impact of deferring irrigation until the beginning‐pod stage (R3). Eight soybean cultivars were evaluated in subplots within four main plot irrigation treatments: (i) full‐season control, with a 35% FC soil‐water depletion trigger to schedule irrigation that replenished 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ET) loss since the prior irrigation; (ii) a defer‐irrigation‐to‐R3 strategy with the 35% FC depletion trigger ignored until the onset of stage R3; (iii) a deficit irrigation strategy with irrigation events on the same dates as those in the full‐season control, but limited to two‐thirds of the control amount; and (iv) rainfed control. Below‐normal spring rainfall in each year resulted in soil water depletion greater than 35% FC before irrigation commenced in the R3‐deferred strategy but did not impact yield versus the full‐season control yield. A season‐long deficit irrigation strategy significantly reduced yield below the full‐season control, though it still produced significantly more yield than the rainfed control. These findings suggest that differentials in sensitivity of the crop developmental stage should be incorporated into irrigation scheduling models.
Synthesis of Magnetic Fe3O4‐Chitosan Nanoparticles by Ionic Gelation and Their Dye Removal Ability
Authors: Akın Deniz , Yakar Arzu , Gündüz Ufuk 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to synthesize magnetic Fe3O4 chitosan nanoparticles (m‐Fe3O4‐CNs) by ionic gelation method and use them as adsorbent for the removal of Bromothymol Blue (BB) from aqueous solutions. Also, the effect of various parameters on the preparation of m‐Fe3O4‐CNs was investigated in this study. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Adsorption of BB on m‐Fe3O4‐CNs was studied in a batch reactor at different experimental conditions such as adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, initial BB concentration and temperature. Kinetic behaviors, equilibrium isotherms and thermodynamics of the adsorption process were investigated in detail. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model well fitted the adsorption experimental results. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption was a spontaneous, favorable and exothermic process in nature.
Fitting traffic traces with discrete canonical phase type distributions and Markov arrival processes
Authors: Meszáros András , Papp János , Telek Miklós 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recent developments of matrix analytic methods make phase type distributions (PHs) and Markov Arrival Processes (MAPs) promising stochastic model candidates for capturing traffic trace behaviour and for efficient usage in queueing analysis. After introducing basics of these sets of stochastic models, the paper discusses the following subjects in detail: (i) PHs and MAPs have different representations. For efficient use of these models, sparse (defined by a minimal number of parameters) and unique representations of discrete time PHs and MAPs are needed, which are commonly referred to as canonical representations. The paper presents new results on the canonical representation of discrete PHs and MAPs. (ii) The canonical representation allows a direct mapping between experimental moments and the stochastic models, referred to as moment matching. Explicit procedures are provided for this mapping. (iii) Moment matching is not always the best way to model the behavior of traffic traces. Model fitting based on appropriately chosen distance measures might result in better performing stochastic models. We also demonstrate the efficiency of fitting procedures with experimental results
On truncations for weakly ergodic inhomogeneous birth and death processes
Authors: Zeifman Alexander , Satin Yacov , Korolev Victor , Shorgin Sergey 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We investigate a class of exponentially weakly ergodic inhomogeneous birth and death processes. We consider special transformations of the reduced intensity matrix of the process and obtain uniform (in time) error bounds of truncations. Our approach also guarantees that we can find limiting characteristics approximately with an arbitrarily fixed error. As an example, we obtain the respective bounds of the truncation error for an Mt/Mt/S queue for any number of servers S. Arbitrary intensity functions instead of periodic ones can be considered in the same manner.
Data mining methods for gene selection on the basis of gene expression arrays
Authors: Muszyński Michał , Osowski Stanisław 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper presents data mining methods applied to gene selection for recognition of a particular type of prostate cancer on the basis of gene expression arrays. Several chosen methods of gene selection, including the Fisher method, correlation of gene with a class, application of the support vector machine and statistical hypotheses, are compared on the basis of clustering measures. The results of applying these individual selection methods are combined together to identify the most often selected genes forming the required pattern, best associated with the cancerous cases. This resulting pattern of selected gene lists is treated as the input data to the classifier, performing the task of the final recognition of the patterns. The numerical results of the recognition of prostate cancer from normal (reference) cases using the selected genes and the support vector machine confirm the good performance of the proposed gene selection approach
Back Pain Beliefs Are Related to the Impact of Low Back Pain in Baby Boomers in the Busselton Healthy Aging Study
Authors: Beales Darren , Smith Anne , O'Sullivan Peter , Hunter Michael , Straker Leon 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundBack pain beliefs (BPBs) are an important modifiable factor related to disability associated with low back pain (LBP). Back pain beliefs have not been characterized in baby boomers, a group at risk for decreased activity levels and reduced productivity.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were: (1) to identify factors related to BPBs and (2) to evaluate the association between LBP disability and beliefs.DesignA cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling baby boomers (born 1946–1964) was conducted.MethodsNine hundred fifty-eight baby boomers (mean age=56.2 years) participating in the Busselton Healthy Aging Study provided their history of LBP, BPBs, LBP behaviors related to care seeking (taking medication, seeking professional help) and activity modification (missing work, interference with normal activities, interference with recreational activities), LBP-related disability, and additional covariates with known associations with BPBs. Regression analyses were used to: (1) identify factors associated with more positive beliefs and (2) test the association between more positive BPBs and lower LBP disability, independent of other correlates of BPBs.ResultsMore positive BPBs were associated with younger age, better mental well-being, and higher income, whereas more negative BPBs were associated with receiving sickness or disability benefits and the experience of LBP in the previous month. In participants who reported experiencing LBP within the previous month, more positive BPBs were associated with lower disability scale scores and a decreased probability of interference with usual activities, independent of pain intensity, age, mental well-being, income, and employment status.LimitationsCross-sectional analysis limits assessment of causality.ConclusionsPoorer BPBs were associated with greater disability. Characterization of the relationships between BPBs and LBP-associated behaviors and disability in baby boomers can assist in developing interventions to improve activity participation and productivity, potentially reducing the burden of LBP in this age group.