bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The C-Terminal Domain of Chondroadherin: A New Regulator of Osteoclast Motility Counteracting Bone Loss
Authors: Capulli Mattia , Olstad Ole K , Önnerfjord Patrik , Tillgren Viveka , Muraca Maurizio , Gautvik Kaare M , Heinegård Dick , Rucci Nadia , Teti Anna 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Chondroadherin (CHAD) is a leucine-rich protein promoting cell attachment through binding to integrin α2β1 and syndecans. We observed that CHAD mRNA and protein were lower in bone biopsies of 50-year-old to 65-year-old osteoporotic women and in bone samples of ovariectomized mice versus gender/age–matched controls, suggesting a role in bone metabolism. By the means of an internal cyclic peptide (cyclicCHAD), we observed that its integrin binding sequence impaired preosteoclast migration through a nitric oxide synthase 2–dependent mechanism, decreasing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in a concentration-dependent fashion, whereas it had no effect on osteoblasts. Consistently, cyclicCHAD reduced transcription of two nitric oxide downstream genes, migfilin and vasp, involved in cell motility. Furthermore, the nitric oxide donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine, stimulated preosteoclast migration and prevented the inhibitory effect of cyclicCHAD. Conversely, the nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) inhibitor, N5-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine, decreased both preosteoclast migration and differentiation, confirming a role of the nitric oxide pathway in the mechanism of action triggered by cyclicCHAD. In vivo, administration of cyclicCHAD was well tolerated and increased bone volume in healthy mice, with no adverse effect. In ovariectomized mice cyclicCHAD improved bone mass by both a preventive and a curative treatment protocol, with an effect in line with that of the bisphosphonate alendronate, that was mimicked by the NOS2 inhibitor [L-N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-lysine.2 dihydrochloride]. In both mouse models, cyclicCHAD reduced osteoclast and bone resorption without affecting osteoblast parameters and bone formation. In conclusion, CHAD is a novel regulator of bone metabolism that, through its integrin binding domain, inhibits preosteoclast motility and bone resorption, with a potential translational impact for the treatment of osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
One‐pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles Based on the Reaction of N,N‐Dimethyl Amides with Acid Hydrazides
Authors: Li Qiang , Tao Yi , Xu Dongfang , Zhang Haobing , Duan Liping 
Published: February 2014

AbstractConvenient and efficient one pot method for the synthesis of 2,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles based on the reaction of N,N‐dimethyl amides with acid hydrazides has been developed. The methodology is applied to a wide range of difference aryl hydrazide and difference N,N‐dimethyl amides to 2,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles yield the in good to excellent yields. It will be possible wide useful application in synthesis.
Flag‐Transitive 2‐ Symmetric Designs with Sporadic Socle
Authors: Tian Delu , Zhou Shenglin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLet be a nontrivial 2‐ symmetric design admitting a flag‐transitive, point‐primitive automorphism group G of almost simple type with sporadic socle. We prove that there are up to isomorphism six designs, and must be one of the following: a 2‐(144, 66, 30) design with or , a 2‐(176, 50, 14) design with , a 2‐(176, 126, 90) design with or , or a 2‐(14,080, 12,636, 11,340) design with .
Influence of the organic loading rate on the hydraulic behaviour and the azo‐dye removal in an anaerobic filter
Authors: Cobos‐Becerra Yazmín Lucero , González‐Martínez Simón 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiofilm processes have proven to more efficiently remove xenobiotics than suspended growth systems. They offer higher solid retention times to prevent washout of adapted microorganisms. The main problem with anaerobic filters is clogging when the biofilm develops rapidly or after long operating periods. In this work, an anaerobic filter was operated for 466 days to evaluate the degradation of Direct Blue 2 (DB2) azo dye and the influence of organic loading rate on the hydraulic behaviour and on azo dye removal. Axial Dispersion and Wolf and Resnick models were used for the analysis of tracer curves.RESULTSTracer tests showed that the anaerobic filter behaves predominantly as a plug flow reactor and as the biofilm grows thicker with increasing organic load, the void volume and the hydraulic retention time decrease. In addition, with increasing organic loading rate, the dispersion coefficient increases. The anaerobic biofilm removed up to 60% of the Direct Blue 2 azo dye.CONCLUSIONThe higher the organic load, the better the azo dye was removed. Both the dye Direct Blue 2 and its degradation products (benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl) can be removed by an anaerobic biofilm. The anaerobic biofilm did not only break the azo bonds but also decomposed benzidine to 4‐aminobiphenyl. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphological aspects and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the interdigital sinus in cyclic ewes
Authors: Alexandre‐Pires Graça , Martins Catarina , Miguel Galvão António , Correia Miguel , Ramilo David , Quaresma Mário , Ligeiro Dário , Nunes Telmo , Manuel Caldeira Rui , Ferreira‐Dias Graça 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMany species that belong to Artiodactyls order show an interdigital sinus (IS), as it occurs in sheep, in all four extremities. These are considered to be scent glands responsible for sexual communication having strong attractiveness to mature males at the peak of the breeding season. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in IS in cyclic ewes, the microscopic and ultrastructure (scanning and transmission electron microscopy) anatomy, secretion composition, and mRNA and protein expression of estrogen receptors α and β and progesterone receptors. Glandular sebaceous structures occupy a superficial area of the pouch. The other glands present in the IS show a coiled tubular structure and tall and polyhedral secretory cells with irregular luminal surface resulting from the secretory process. Protein and mRNA gene transcription studies were performed to determine the presence of ER (α and β) and P4r in IS. At the follicular phase, IS cell populations analyzed using flow cytometry expressed higher levels of ERβ compared with ERα (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed between them in the luteal phase. The IS amount of secretion was the highest in the follicular phase compared with luteal phase (P < 0.05) or pregnancy (P < 0.001).To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the presence of ER (α and β) within the IS was demonstrated. As estrogen action is mediated by specific receptors in target cells, the presence of these receptors in IS might be needed to trigger signaling pathways involved in conspecific chemical (sexual) communication attributed to this area. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:313–325, 2014. © 2014 The Authors Microscopy Research and Technique Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inpatient safety outcomes following the 2011 residency work‐hour reform
Authors: Block Lauren , Jarlenski Marian , Wu Albert W. , Feldman Leonard , Conigliaro Joseph , Swann Jenna , Desai Sanjay V. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDThe impact of the 2011 residency work‐hour reforms on patient safety is not known.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between implementation of the 2011 reforms and patient safety outcomes at a large academic medical center.DESIGNObservational study using difference‐in‐differences estimation strategy to evaluate whether safety outcomes improved among patients discharged from resident and hospitalist (nonresident) services before (2008–2011) and after (2011–2012) residency work‐hour changes.PATIENTSAll adult patients discharged from general medicine services from July 2008 through June 2012.MEASUREMENTSOutcomes evaluated included length of stay, 30‐day readmission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, inpatient mortality, and presence of Maryland Hospital Acquired Conditions. Independent variables included time period (pre‐ vs postreform), resident versus hospitalist service, patient age at admission, race, gender, and case mix index.RESULTSPatients discharged from the resident services in the postreform period had higher likelihood of an ICU stay (5.7% vs 4.5%, difference 1.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5% to 2.2%), and lower likelihood of 30‐day readmission (17.2% vs 20.1%, difference 2.8%; 95 % CI: 1.3 to 4.3%) than patients discharged from the resident services in the prereform period. Comparing pre‐ and postreform periods on the resident and hospitalist services, there were no significant differences in patient safety outcomes.CONCLUSIONSIn the first year after implementation of the 2011 work‐hour reforms relative to prior years, we found no change in patient safety outcomes in patients treated by residents compared with patients treated by hospitalists. Further study of the long‐term impact of residency work‐hour reforms is indicated to ensure improvement in patient safety. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:347–352. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Unified current modeling in low‐dimensional MOSFETs
Authors: Lakhlef Ahcene , Benfdila Arezki , Goudjil Mohamed , Mokdad Rabah 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe present paper deals with the modeling of low‐dimensional transistors in the form of metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors aiming a compact model that may be used to enrich the characterization tools in use and eventually help to extract more information on the interface Si‐SiO2 and the oxide itself. The model is expressed as current versus voltage in the full range and meant to comply with the unified current model.Our model has been compared with the classical model and found to be in a good agreement in the linear and saturation regions. In addition, our model expresses the current in the subthreshold region, which is not described by the classical model.The experimental data obtained on research devices are found to suite our model in all the three regions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selecting printed circuit board parameters using swarm intelligence to minimize crosstalk between adjacent tracks
Authors: Al Salameh M. S. H. , Ababneh M. M. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe purpose of this paper is to provide a numerical tool for designers in order to help reduce the unwanted coupling between nearby transmission lines on printed circuit boards. This is accomplished using particle swarm optimization technique, where the coupling factor between adjacent lines is used as the fitness function. The coupling factor is computed based on conformal mapping equations of capacitances for even and odd modes of different types of transmission lines, including microstrip and strip lines. Anisotropic, isotropic, asymmetric, and symmetric coupled lines are considered. The S‐parameters of the optimized and unoptimized configurations are computed from the conformal mapping equations and also using the full‐wave electromagnetic simulator IE3D, which is based on the method of moments, where an agreement can be observed between the two results. Different examples are presented here that show the effectiveness of this method in reducing the coupling factor. A Matlab program is written to harness particle swarm optimization to find optimum solutions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining pathways for modulation of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall by extratropical tropospheric temperature pattern
Authors: Srivastava A. K. , Rajeevan M. , Kshirsagar S. R. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, role of extratropical circulation features in modulating Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) is examined. Principal component (PC) analysis of extratropical tropospheric temperature data of the monsoon season for 1951–1980 and 1981–2010 years was performed separately. Analysis revealed that a PC (PC 3) of the first period and two PCs (PC 2 and PC 6) of the second period had significant correlation with the ISMR. Composite geopotential height anomaly of middle and upper troposphere, for the dates when extratropical tropospheric temperature anomaly pattern was similar to that of Eigen Vector of the PC 3 of the first period and PC 6 of the second period, highlighted presence of standing waves in the extratropics. These waves had trough over northwestern/northern parts of the Indian subcontinent and adjoining extratropics and ridge eastwards. Such circulation anomaly pattern of the extratropics apparently reduced the north‐south tropospheric temperature gradient required for good monsoon flow. This led to weak monsoon currents, resulting subdued ISMR activity during the period. This pathway of interaction of the extratropical circulation anomalies and the ISMR was reported by earlier studies also. Composite geopotential height anomaly of the middle and upper troposphere, for the dates when extratropical tropospheric temperature anomaly pattern was similar to that of Eigen Vector of the PC 2 (explaining larger variance of the temperature data) of the second period also depicted presence of standing waves. These waves were of relatively large amplitude and wavelength and were located at more northern latitudes. The configurations had warm high/ridge with centre over higher latitudes to the north of India and cold low/trough eastwards. Further analysis highlighted a new pathway of modulation of the ISMR by the extratropical circulation anomalies with above features.
Statistical evaluation of CMIP5 climate change model simulations for the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Jury Mark R. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis study compares Climate Research Unit version 3 reference observations in the period 1980–2009 with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Five (CMIP5)‐simulated climate patterns and trends over the Ethiopian highlands (7–14N, 36–40E) using the rcp6 scenario. Three metrics are used in a stepwise statistical evaluation: (1) mean annual cycle of area‐averaged rainfall (R) and maximum temperature (Tx), (2) spatial pattern of R and Tx over Ethiopia and (3) interannual (1.5–6 years) R and Tx variability. Those models passing the first step by simulating a unimodal annual cycle reaching 28 °C in March–May and 9 mm day−1 in July–August are then evaluated for their ability to represent the cool, wet ‘island’ pattern over the highest elevation. Finally, the models' ability to follow observed area‐averaged R and Tx anomalies from 1980 to 2009 is analysed by correlation. The stepwise metrics are designed to improve confidence in the use of CMIP5 models for future resource management and development planning across the Ethiopian highlands. The models with optimal performance in the most categories include the HAD, CCSM and GFDL.
Histomorphochemical comparison of microfracture as a first‐line and a salvage procedure: Is microfracture still a viable option for knee cartilage repair in a salvage situation?
Authors: Truong Minh‐Dung , Chung Jun Young , Kim Young Jick , Jin Long Hao , Kim Byoung Ju , Choi Byung Hyune , Min Byoung‐Hyun 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMicrofracture is considered as the first‐line procedure for knee cartilage repair, but the results of microfracture seem less predictable and rather controversial in a salvage situation. Thus, the purpose of the study was to histomorphochemically compare microfracture as a salvage procedure with microfracture as a first‐line procedure in a rabbit model. We hypothesized that microfracture in a salvage situation would result in histomorphochemically inferior cartilage repair compared to microfracture as a first‐line procedure, and the inferiority would be attributed to less migration of reparable marrow cells to the defect due to destruction of microarchitecture of the subchondral bone. Thirty‐six New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups: (i) untreated full‐thickness chondral defect, (ii) single microfracture treatment (first microfracture group), and (iii) repeated microfracture in 8 weeks after the first procedure (second microfracture group). In each group, rabbits were sacrificed at the end of 8 weeks, and osteochondral specimens at the repair sites were obtained for histomorphochemical analysis. Results showed that microfracture as a salvage procedure resulted in overall inferior cartilage repair histomorphochemically compared with microfracture as a first‐line procedure, which correlated with deteriorative changes in the quality of underlying subchondral bone rather than intrinsic incapability to recruit the reparative cells in the defect area. In conclusion, although a comparable number of reparable cells and a mechanically weakened subchondral bone are anticipated, more study is necessary to clearly determine when a microfracture should be performed in a situation. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:802–810, 2014.
Strong association between smoking and the risk of revision in a cohort study of patients with metal‐on‐metal total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Lübbeke Anne , Rothman Kenneth J. , Garavaglia Guido , Barea Christophe , Christofilopoulos Panayiotis , Stern Richard , Hoffmeyer Pierre 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThus far the ability to predict who will develop early failure following the insertion of a metal‐on‐metal (MoM) bearing has been very limited. Our objective was to assess the effect of smoking on failure rates in patients with MoM bearing, compared with patients with ceramic‐on‐polyethylene (CoP) bearing. From a prospective hospital‐based registry we included all primary THAs operated upon between 1/2001 and 12/2011 with MoM or CoP bearings of the same cup design and head size (28 mm). We compared revision rates through 10/2013 classified by smoking status and type of bearing. We included 1,964 patients (median age 71, 57% women), 663 with MoM and 1,301 with CoP bearing. Mean follow‐up was 6.9 years (range 1.8–12.8). Revisions were required for 56 THAs. In patients with MoM bearing the adjusted incidence rate of revision among ever‐smokers was four times greater than among never‐smokers (95% CI 1.4–10.9). Among those with CoP bearing, the rate ratio was only 1.3 (95% CI 0.6–2.5). We found a strong association between smoking and increased failure of MoM THAs. In contrast, the association was weak for patients with CoP bearing. Smoking might be a trigger or an effect amplifier for adverse reactions to metal debris from MoM bearings. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:762–768, 2014.
Influence of productivity and processing method on physicochemical characteristics of white button mushrooms in Brazil
Authors: Zied Diego Cunha , Penachio Sara Maciel , Dias Eustáquio Souza , de Almeida Minhoni Marli Teixeira , Ferraz Rafael Augusto , Vieites Rogério Lopes 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe white button mushroom is the edible fungus most commonly cultivated and commercialized in Brazil and worldwide. This work assesses the productivity of the different strains ABI 07/06 and ABI 06/05 of Agaricus bisporus grown under the conditions normally employed by growers in the southeast of Brazil, and the influence of four different chemical conservation methods on the physicochemical characteristics and storage properties of the fruit bodies.RESULTSThe productivities of strains ABI 07/06 and ABI 06/05 of white button mushrooms were found to be comparable. The colorimetric characteristics and chemical compositions (fat, fiber and protein contents) of the mushroom strains were similar, and these parameters were not influenced significantly by the conservation processes. Texture was negatively affected by all processing methods employed.CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that chemical methods of processing mushrooms were not fully effective and novel alternative technologies should be considered by mushroom processors in Brazil. Some methods of mushroom storage using chemicals such as sodium metabisulfite are harmful to the human organism, so processing using autoclaving may be the best form of conservation of canned mushrooms. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Castanea spp. buds as a phytochemical source for herbal preparations: botanical fingerprint for nutraceutical identification and functional food standardisation
Authors: Donno Dario , Beccaro Gabriele Loris , Mellano Maria Gabriella , Bonvegna Luca , Bounous Giancarlo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany plant species may be used for the production of herbal preparations containing phytochemicals with significant antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory capacities and health benefits: Castanea spp. is among the most commonly used herbal medicines. The aim of this research was to perform an analytical study of chestnut bud preparations, in order to identify and quantify the main bioactive compounds, and to obtain a specific chemical fingerprint to evaluate the single class contribution to the herbal preparation phytocomplex. The analyses were performed using a high‐performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a diode array detector.RESULTSCastanea spp. was identified as a rich source of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant compounds: the observed analytical fingerprint demonstrated that these bud preparations represent a rich source of bioactive compounds (104.77 ± 1.14 g kg−1 FW) in relation to different genotypes, specific sampling sites and several phenological stages.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that the observed analytical fingerprint can be considered an important tool for assessing the chemical composition and bioactivities of the chestnut‐derived products, considering the Castanea genus as a new source of natural health‐promoting compounds. This study allowed the development of an effective tool for quality control by fingerprinting the bud preparation in order to develop a new generation of standardised preparations. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Nanoscale engineering of photo aligning Cibacron Brilliant Yellow
Authors: Hegde Gurumurthy , A. R. Yuvaraj , Yusoff Mashitah M. , Chigrinov Vladimir G. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPhotoalignment properties on commercially available textile dye Cibacron Brilliant Yellow exhibit excellent alignment quality. Thin layer of solid films (about 20–100 nm in thickness) shows high thermal and photo stability. Excellent surface energy values (both azimuthal and polar) were achieved. The distinguished alignment properties of this dye extend the field of the sulfuric azo dyes effective for photoalignment. An attractive feature of this dye is its low curing temperature, which is essential for plastic substrates to use it as flexible devices.