bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveying neuro-symbolic approaches for reliable artificial intelligence of things
Authors: Lu Zhen , Afridi Imran , Kang Hong Jin , Ruchkin Ivan , Zheng Xi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with the Internet of Things (IoT), known as the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), enhances the devices’ processing and analysis capabilities and disrupts such sectors as healthcare, industry, and oil. However, AIoT’s complexity and scale are challenging for traditional machine learning (ML). Deep learning offers a solution but has limited testability, verifiability, and interpretability. In turn, theneuro-symbolic paradigmaddresses these challenges by combining the robustness of symbolic AI with the flexibility of DL, enabling AI systems to reason, make decisions, and generalize knowledge from large datasets better. This paper reviews state-of-the-art DL models for IoT, identifies their limitations, and explores how neuro-symbolic methods can overcome them. It also discusses key challenges and research opportunities in enhancing AIoT reliability with neuro-symbolic approaches, including hard-coded symbolic AI, multimodal sensor data, biased interpretability, trading-off interpretability, and performance, complexity in integrating neural networks and symbolic AI, and ethical and societal challenges.
A survey on graph neural network-based next POI recommendation for smart cities
Authors: Yu Jian , Guo Lucas , Zhang Jiayu , Wang Guiling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmid the rise of mobile technologies and Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs), there’s an escalating demand for personalized Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendations. Especially pivotal in smart cities, these systems aim to enhance user experiences by offering location recommendations tailored to past check-ins and visited POIs. Distinguishing itself from traditional POI recommendations, the next POI approach emphasizes predicting the immediate subsequent location, factoring in both geographical attributes and temporal patterns. This approach, while promising, faces with challenges like capturing evolving user preferences and navigating data biases. The introduction of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) brings forth a transformative solution, particularly in their ability to capture high-order dependencies between POIs, understanding deeper relationships and patterns beyond immediate connections. This survey presents a comprehensive exploration of GNN-based next POI recommendation approaches, delving into their unique characteristics, inherent challenges, and potential avenues for future research.
Effects of triangular reinforcing on flexural and deformation behaviour of concrete beams
Authors: Ekolu S. O. , Thomas T. , Lawrence W. , De Freitas L. , van Vuuren I. , Solomon F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn investigation was conducted to evaluate structural performance of rectangular beams that had been reinforced with the triangular cage (TRC) of steel layout or triangular reinforcing. In the experiment, flexural behaviour of TRC beams was compared with that of conventional beams reinforced with the rectangular cage (RRC) of steel layout i.e. rectangular reinforcing. A set of 16 rectangular concrete beams of size 110 × 130 × 2000 mm were cast, comprising eight (8) TRC beams and eight (8) RRC beams. The main variables in the investigation were:- different concrete strengths of 30 and 60 MPa, triangular or rectangular stirrups spaced at 100 mm or 200 mm, along with varied steel areas of the bottom (tension) and top (compression) reinforcements. Experimental results showed that the load carrying capacity values of TRC beams were similar to those of RRC beams. Interestingly, TRC beams consistently gave 14% to 49% lower deflections, relative to those of their counterpart RRC beams. It was found that the limit state theory accurately predicts the deformation behaviours of TRC beams as it similarly does for RRC beams, but it tends to underestimate the load carrying capacity of the former. Use of TRC steel layout contributed up to 10.5% cost saving.
Effect of specimen size and shape on the compressive performance of high strength engineered cementitious composites at elevated temperatures
Authors: Rawat S. , Zhang Y. X. , Lee C. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study provides detailed insights into the effect of specimen size on the residual compressive strength of hybrid polyethylene-steel fibre reinforced high strength engineered cementitious composite after exposure to elevated temperatures. A mix design with high residual performance was selected and a total of 120 specimens with different cross-section shape (square and circular), aspect ratio (1 and 2) and sizes (cylinders of 40 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm diameter with height to diameter ratio of 2:1, cubes of 50 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm side and prism of size 75 × 75 × 150 mm) were cast. These specimens were subjected to temperatures ranging from 200 to 800 °C and the residual compressive strength and change in microstructure was then analysed after air cooling. Experimental results indicated that cubic specimens experienced less strength loss compared to prism specimens with the same cross-sectional area and the damage was found to decrease with increase in the volume to surface area ratio of the specimens. Furthermore, no spalling occurred in any of the specimens despite the change in specimen size or cross-section. Unlike previous studies that did not present any clear influence of specimen size, the present work established that the residual strength is dependent on aspect ratio and volume to surface area ratio of the specimen. As a result, these findings are valuable for selecting appropriate specimen size in elevated temperature studies and for the development of suitable guidelines to facilitate meaningful comparisons with the existing data.
Unmasking Malicious Stance Indicators and Attitudinal Priming: An ‘Evaluative Textbite’ Approach to Identity Attacks in Violent Extremist Discourse
Authors: Etaywe Awni 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe article explores the patterning and functioning of attitude semantics in the practice of identity attacks within terrorist communications. Positioned in facework and stance-taking research (e.g. Tracy & Tracy, 1998, 2008, 2017), it introduces the concepts of ‘evaluative textbites’ and ‘attitudinal priming’ to linguistic examinations, advocating a functional approach to unravelling identity attacks, drawing on corpus analysis methods (e.g. word frequency, and concordance-line qualitative analysis) and the Appraisal framework (Martin & White, 2005). Findings reveal that, linked with stance-taking activity, attitudinal priming offers insights into how specific ideational targets are primed for particular attitudinal, evaluative functions. Evaluative textbites provide linguistic evidence of an author’s encoded hostile attitude and the nuanced patterning and functioning of ‘ideation-attitude’ co-occurrences in these attacks. Identity attacks are a rhetorical tool, normative and valuation-based, targeting individuals’ or out-groups’ immoral behaviours and devaluing victims by reference to their personal traits, power-distance relationships, interactional roles, and master identities. This article offers implications for future study of identity attacks in hate crimes, genocidal rhetoric, and defamation texts, and strengthens counter-extremism efforts by illuminating the investigative value of identity work.
Self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) of ZrC-TiC nanocomposites: Comparison of Mg and Al reductant usage and process optimization
Authors: Bugdayci Mehmet , Baslayici Serkan , Coban Ozan , Kaya Faruk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the production of ZrC-TiC composite nanopowders by SHS process in TiO2-ZrO2-C-Mg/Al systems. Mg and Al charge stoichiometries and composite charge stoichiometries were optimized for SHS processes. The most precise procedural stages were identified for refining the SHS product; acid concentrations were optimized for Mg usage and an innovative chemical method was developed to eliminate and/or decrease the amount of Al2O3 by-product, enabling the utilization of Al. Thermochemical simulations were conducted for thermodynamic evaluations (adiabatic temperature and specific heat) and characterizations were performed by XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. The findings indicated that utilizing both reductants allowed for the synthesis of ZrC-TiC-(Al2O3) particles that have considerable surface area and commercial purity. The outcomes demonstrated that Magnesium is a more effective reductant, yet Aluminium, also serves as a viable reductant, even though leading to an increase in process steps, but enabling in-situ formation of sinterability and toughness enhancing Al2O3. A novel chemical route including pre-acid leaching, NaOH fusion, water leaching, HCl leaching was identified for the synthesis of ZrC-TiC-Al2O3 composite powder where the amount of Al2O3 could be organized (according to the desired mechanical properties) by optimization.
Examining the Unexpected: The Occurrence and Impact of Chance Events on Life Science Graduate Students’ Career Intentions
Authors: Ferguson Hope , Schussler Elisabeth E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have linked experiences with chance events to shifts in career intentions, but they have not investigated chance events as agents of career shifts in graduate students. This study investigated the types of chance events and perceived impacts of those events on the career intentions of life science graduate students at a university in the southeastern United States. We used a survey to investigate three questions: (1) Do life science graduate students experience chance events, and if so, what types of chance events were most common? (2) What is the relationship between impact level and valence of chance events on participants’ career intentions? (3) How do participants describe the impacts of chance events on their career intentions? Of the 39 respondents, 92% reported a chance event during graduate school, with 85% reporting high impacts on their career intentions; none perceived these impacts as solely negative. Participants described chance events’ impacts on their careers as presenting challenges, affording insights, spurring evaluations, and providing opportunities. These findings highlight the positive opportunities chance events may provide graduate students. Understanding how these events shape career intentions can inform career development resources that empower graduate students to see chance events as opportunities for growth.
Self-reinforced biodegradable thermoplastic composites
Authors: Colwell John , Halley Peter , Varley Russell , Heidarian Pejman , McNally Tony , Peijs Ton , Vandi Luigi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImprovements in the mechanical performance of biodegradable plastics are required to facilitate replacement of commodity plastics as part of a global push for the use of more sustainable materials. Reinforcing biodegradable plastics with fillers or fibres to create composite materials is an obvious choice for increasing mechanical properties but may affect recyclability and biodegradability. To avoid these issues, self-reinforced polymer composites (SRPCs), where the polymer matrix is reinforced with highly oriented films, fibres, or particles of the same polymer may be used. However, the use of biodegradable thermoplastics in SRPCs is currently limited to a few polymers, mostly focusing on poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Here, we have assessed the potential for a broader range of biodegradable thermoplastics to replace commercially available commodity-plastic-based SRPCs. This assessment was done using literature data for the oriented and isotropic bulk mechanical properties of commercially relevant biodegradable thermoplastics, along with properties for their SRPCs where available. It was found that despite polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene succinate adipate) (PBSA), and poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) not being suitable replacements for current commercially available SRPCs, they nonetheless exhibit increased modulus and strength after orientation. PLA, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) have more potential, with PGA being the most promising, although PLA and PHAs appear to offer potentially more sustainable alternatives to commercially available SRPCs and a wider range of end-of-life disposal options.
Single-point calibration process based integrated electrical impedance analyzer for multi-selective gas detection
Authors: Routier Louis , Westrelin Alexandre , Cerveaux Anthyme , Louis Gaël , Horlach Thomas , Foulon Pierre , Lmimouni Kamal , Pecqueur Sébastien , Hafsi Bilel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImpedance analysis is a powerful technique that has become increasingly important in various applications, it represents a leap forward in the field of electronic measurments and diagnostics. In this work, we present the development of miniaturized, multiplexed, and connected platform for impedance spectroscopy. Designed for online measurements and adapted to wireless network architectures, our platform has been tested and optimized to be used for multi-selective chemical organic sensor nodes. This compact and versatile circuit is built from low cost and low power consumption (250 mW) microelectronics components that achieve long duration operability (5 days and 16 h) without compromising on sensor measurement accuracy and precision. We used the well-known impedance network analyzer AD5933 (Analog Devices, Norwood, MA, USA) chip which can measure a spectrum of impedances in the range 5 kHz to 100 kHz. The proposed system is based on ESP32-C3 Microcontroller enabling the management of the AD5933 through its I2C interface. Our system benefits from two multiplexer components CD74HC4067 allowing calibration process and the interface of 15 conductimetric sensors with real time acquisition (less than 90 ms per acquisition). The system is capable of relaying information through the network for data analysis and storage. The paper describes the microelectronics design, the impedance response over time, the measurement’s sensitivity and accuracy and the testing of the platform with embedded chemical sensors for gas classification and recognition.
Multispezies Assemblagen, interspezifische Gemenge und relationale Praktiken. Ein Literaturbericht zur interdisziplinären Tierforschung nach dem animal turn
Authors: Roscher Mieke 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Feld der human-animal studies hat sich seit der Proklamation des animal turn signifikant diversifiziert. Dies betrifft sowohl die theoretischen Grundannahmen wie auch die ethischen Positionierungen. Grundsätzlich liegt der Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit in erster Linie auf den Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und Tieren, die sich in gemeinsamen Praktiken offenbaren, welche je nach fachlicher Ausrichtung manchmal als relational, interspezifisch oder im Rahmen von multispecies studies betrachtet werden. Insbesondere im Kontext der historischen Tierstudien wird versucht, Quellen im Licht dieses relationalen Charakters neu zu interpretieren, ohne notwendigerweise auf die Handlungsfähigkeit der Tiere einzugehen. Angesichts einer zunehmend wahrgenommenen Krise in der Beziehung zwischen Menschen und Natur, die sich sowohl in Nachhaltigkeitsdebatten als auch in jener um das Anthropozän manifestiert, wird das Feld der Tierstudien hier auch politisch neu definiert. Der Rezensionsaufsatz zeigt, auf welchen Vorüberlegungen diese neuen, durchaus divergenten Positionierungen beruhen und welche Linien sich auch in den einzelnen, das Feld bestimmenden Disziplinen herauskristallisieren.
The contribution of microorganisms to sustainable development: towards a green future through synthetic biology and systems biology
Authors: Qumsani Alaa T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroorganisms, though invisible, they play a pivotal role in influencing both the global economy and societal progress., and job market. This discussion highlights their significant impact on various sectors like food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. These versatile microorganisms act as efficient cell factories, producing chemicals from renewable sources and aiding in waste degradation. The historical development of microbial cell factories has relied on a trial-and-error approach, following a cyclic process of design, construction, testing, and refinement. The essay delves into the critical role of microorganisms in sustainable development, highlighting their capacity for sustainable chemical production and waste degradation. The incorporation of microbial technology presents significant opportunities for advancing the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Microorganisms contribute significantly to sustainable development by influencing the economy, creating jobs, improving food and pharmaceutical production, and advancing chemical manufacturing. Their utilization brings advantages like cleaner production methods, renewable resource utilization, and healthcare contributions. Overall, microorganisms are essential players in sustainable development, offering solutions for a more environmentally friendly and economically viable future.
Shallow water table rise and fluctuation between 1977 and 2010 in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassan Ikrema , Salamah Sultan , Bob Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMadinah City in Saudi Arabia is rapidly growing with high population growth, water demand, sewage generation, and agricultural activities. The hydrogeological layering sequence in Madinah City reveals that there are three main layers that extend within the areas between wadi systems. The shallow water table rise (SWTR) problem has risen in several areas of the city, and the fluctuations in the piezometric water observed from the shallow aquifer systems. The research aims to investigate the changes in shallow groundwater levels within the Madinah City. Sources of water table rise and fluctuations are investigated through an extensive field hydro-geological survey comprising wells drilling and water level monitoring, which indicated the following results between 1977 and 2010 including those of newly drilled wells: (i) water flow is partially blocked along wadi Alaqiq and this has caused an increased regional flow moving from west along wadi Alaqiq towards the central area; (ii) groundwater levels have changed in the agricultural areas as indicated by 15–26 m rise along wadi Alaqiq; (iii) groundwater level fluctuations as indicated by 590 m amsl (1977) against less than 575 m amsl (2010) in the east and southeast of the study area as a result of increased heavy pumping since past 37 years. The overall flow phenomenon is reflected in the groundwater gradients on an increasing trend with orientation from the western region along the wadi Alaqiq towards the central area and southeast which has invariably resulted in the overall declining of water levels throughout the affected area.
The impact of the FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis panel on empiric antibiotic prescriptions in patients with suspected community-acquired meningitis
Authors: Pathak Aaron , Pham Caitlynn , Shay Sabra , Lasco Todd , Al Mohajer Mayar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The BioFire® FilmArray® meningitis/encephalitis (FA/ME) panel provides rapid testing for common cerebrospinal fluid pathogens. We compared empiric antibiotic utilization between patients with suspected community-acquired meningitis with and without an FA/ME panel ordered. No significant differences in antibiotic use were found.
Occurrence of the hydromedusa Moerisia cf. inkermanica (Hydrozoa, Moerisiidae) in the ballast water of oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ahuatzin-Hernández José María , Ordóñez-López Uriel , Herrera-Rodríguez Miguel , Olvera-Novoa Miguel A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The introduction of non-native species is a constant concern around the world since it represents one of the main threats to biodiversity, impacting negatively on native populations, some of them with commercial importance. Hence, monitoring these introductions is fundamental to the management and conservation of the biodiversity of a region. Herein, we report the presence of Moerisia cf. inkermanica in the ballast water of oil tankers loaded at the Cayo Arcas oil terminal. The taxonomy of Moerisia members is uncertain due to the lack of comprehensive morphological descriptions and the few molecular data available. So, we provide a detailed morphological comparison among its congeners. The taxonomic identity of the specimens was determined based on the length of the perradial lobes of the manubrium, the number of tentacles, and the features of their nematocyst rings. Some Moerisids are considered invasive in different localities of the world. However, this genus had not been reported in coastal ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico over the years until now. Sampled tankers came from different ports of the region, mainly from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Therefore, we encourage systematic monitoring of these ecosystems to recognize the establishment of this species as invasive in the region, know its population dynamics over time, and evaluate the possible ecological impacts that could exert on native populations.
Klimaangst – angebracht oder dysfunktional?
Authors: Wagner Lukas , Witthöft Michael 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Der Klimawandel beeinflusst die mentale Gesundheit, auch durch Klimaangst. Ob Klimaangst eine adaptive Reaktion auf die Klimakriese darstellt, wird gegenwärtig diskutiert. Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Zusammenhänge zwischen Klimaangst und Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit. Ferner wird überprüft, ob ein mittleres Ausmaß an Klimaangst umweltbezogene Verhaltensweisen fördert und ob extreme Ausprägungen ein solches Verhalten verringern. Methode: N = 415 Personen wurden über einen Onlinefragebogen zu Klimaangst, Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit, klimabezogenem Verhalten sowie Klimawandel-Wissen und Selbstwirksamkeit befragt. Ergebnisse: Es besteht eine signifikante positive Korrelation zwischen Klimaangst und Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit. Es wurde keine Evidenz für einen umgekehrt u-förmigen Zusammenhang zwischen Klimaangst und klimabezogenem Verhalten gefunden. In einer multiplen Regression erwies sich Klimaangst als stärkster Prädiktor für klimabezogenes Verhalten. Schlussfolgerung: Es zeigt sich eine mögliche Verbindung von Depressivität/Ängstlichkeit mit Klimaangst. Deren Adaptivität zeigt sich allerdings im Fördern umweltfreundlichen Verhaltens. Die Differenzierung zwischen dysfunktionaler Ängstlichkeit und adaptiver Reaktion ist komplex. Zukünftig sind klare Definitionen von Klimaangst und Längsschnittstudien nötig.