bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do we know about the needle xylem structure of the genus Pinus?
Authors: Gebauer Roman 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Studies of needle xylem structure (NXS) are of importance in understanding the survival, and functioning of conifers, particularly in response to environmental stressors. Herein, I review the current state-of-the-art about the NXS of genus Pinus, focusing on the xylem, tracheid, and pit structure. Genus Pinus is one of the most important and widely distributed genera of forest trees in the Northern Hemisphere. Pine species are adapted to different soil types and extreme environments imposed by elevation and latitude. They grow successfully in the boreal forest, the Mediterranean Basin, and in mountains. The importance of NXS for long-distance water transport in trees is discussed and the relationships between xylem structure and function are highlighted. Little is known about the NXS of pines, as such information was available only for 12 pine species. Moreover, current knowledge about the NXS of pines is mostly based on Pinus sylvestris L., especially regarding the effect of environmental conditions on NXS. So far, tracheid pit structure has been investigated in only one study. Although NXS is also significantly influenced by tree age, the position of needles within the crown, as well as the location of the cross-section along the longitudinal axis of the needle, a detailed needle sampling design is often missing. Hence, it is suggested to extend future studies to other pine species to explain their resistance to drought and cold. Additionally, increasing the number of studies on adult trees and distinguishing between the different types of environmental stress that a tree can face during its life cycle would be beneficial. I strongly appeal to precise description of needle sampling, which will allow us both intraspecific and interspecific comparisons. Increasing knowledge about the NXS of pines will help to better explain their resistance to environmental stress and predict their tolerance to future climate change.
Forever an Isolated Caste? ‘Mainstreaming’ of Repatriate Care in General Dutch Bodies of Social Work, 1960–1967
Authors: Rosen Jacobson Liesbeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The policy strategy of ‘mainstreaming’ is now common within Dutch diversity policy: it means newcomers are to make use of generic provisions meant for the population as a whole. The idea is that this leads to faster integration. According to the literature, the move to ‘mainstreaming’ started in the 1990s. In this article, I argue that ‘mainstreaming’ already occurred in the policies for ‘repatriates’ (migrants from Indonesia) in the 1960s, when their care was transferred from specialised organisations to general bodies of social work. From 1950 onwards, a network of Protestant, Catholic and neutral associations for repatriate care was created. By analysing documents from this network and from the Ministry of Social Work, I argue that the ‘mainstreaming’ of repatriate care can be explained by looking at the influence of social work experts, in combination with the influence of elaborate research reports on the degree of integration of the repatriates.
The Significance of the Mean in the “Wuji” Section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips
Authors: Cao Feng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The “Wuji” section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips offers great insight into the pre- modern Chinese philosophical landscape. At the heart of this section lies the concept of zhong (mean), which is intricately woven into the fabric of the tiandao (the way of Heaven) and the rendao (the way of man). This concept is reflected in the “wuji” and the “wude,” embodying the pinnacle of political principles and the ideal outcome of governance. The notion of the mean transcends traditional Confucian values such as zhong (loyalty) and xin (trustworthiness), encompassing qualities of centrality, equality, justice, impartiality, and abundance. It is revered as an absolute and sacred principle, serving as both a coveted goal and the most effective means to achieve it. To fully grasp the implications of “the mean” in the “Wuji” section of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, a fresh examination of received texts such as the Yizhoushu, Analects, Guanzi, and Heguanzi, as well as excavated texts like the “Baoxun” and “Xinshi weizhong” of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips, and the Huangdi sijing of the Mawangdui Silk Texts, is warranted.
Performance of Hermetia illucens reared on pure, mixed, and sequentially mixed organic wastes regionally available in central Argentina
Authors: Picco R. , Rinaudo K. , Pascual N.T. , Schwab L. , Luna A. , Salvo A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) are proficient decomposers of organic matter. We compared experiments with local substrates containing: domestic residues (DR), and brewery wastes (BW) in pure form, or mixed with in two different proportions (BW70 or BW30), and two sequential diets in which larvae were fed first DR and then BW (DR/BW) or vice versa (BW/DR). The effects of the diets on life cycle parameters for mass production of H. illucens larvae were evaluated using general linear mixed models, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. The pure DR diet significantly prolonged the developmental period (47.8 days), although the pupal stage was shorter in larvae fed on this diet (13.8 days). Larval survival was similar between treatments (over 85%), but pupal survival tended to be higher in the mixed diets (over 96%). Larval weights differed significantly between treatments, with mixed diets promoting greater weight gains than pure and sequential diets. Larvae fed a DR/BW diet gained more weight than those fed a BW/DR diet. The highest mean larval weights (0.23 g) were observed in the mixed diet BW70, followed by the sequential diet DR/BW (0.22 g). Mixed diet BW70 also resulted in larger wings and bodies in both sexes. Sequential diet BW/DR and pure diet DR resulted in the smallest adult sizes. Sex ratios varied, favouring male emergence (1.8 M:0.2 F) in pure diet DR and in both sequential mixed diets (1.7 M:0.3 F and 1.3 M:0.7 F, respectively). This study highlights the importance of higher total protein plus carbohydrate concentrations in diets for optimal larval rearing, favouring mixed diets BW70. Carbohydrate-rich substrates should be provided earlier in the cycle to benefit larval and adult performance. Locally available waste vegetable or fruit peels, brewery waste, and spent yerba mate proved to be viable substrates for larval rearing, providing economic and environmental benefits for H. illucens rearing.
Age and calorific restriction impact immature black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) thermal tolerance and preference
Authors: Li C. , Addeo N.F. , Rusch T.W. , Chappell T.M. , Tarone A.M. , Tomberlin J.K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Thermal tolerance and preference are traits commonly considered when mass-producing farmed animals as temperature impacts production. In this study, the impact of age and calorific restriction of immature black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on associated thermal tolerance and preference was examined. Both age (7-d-old for young larvae and 14-d-old for old larvae) and calorific restriction (led to size differentiation, small for calorific restriction and large for non-restriction) within a given stage influenced thermal tolerance (i.e. KR50) and thermal preference. Results indicate the interaction between age and calorific restriction was significant on both larval and prepupal thermal tolerance but not thermal preference. Median heat tolerance KR50 ranged from 46.4 °C (large, old prepupae) to 48.4 °C (large, young larvae). Median cold tolerance KR50 ranged from 21.6 °C (small, young larvae) to 32.1 °C (small, old larvae). Young larvae preferred median temperatures ∼3.0 °C greater than old larvae. Large larvae preferred median temperatures ∼2.0 °C lower than small larvae. Results from this study indicate ontogeny (i.e. stage of development) and calorific restriction have significant impacts on black soldier fly thermal tolerance and preference. Precise regulation of temperature in an industrial setting is necessary for optimal batch production of the black soldier fly (e.g. survival) and for colony maintenance (e.g. prepupae producing adults and potentially eggs). The same can be said with regards to maintaining consistent age and calorific restriction of immatures produced within each batch as variation in such traits impacts thermal tolerance and preference (e.g. survival to harvest for producing protein or adults for colony) as well. The methods and temperatures used in this study could serve as a foundation for developing standard operating procedures for regulating temperatures experienced by black soldier fly larvae industrially produced.
Bacillus thuringiensis serovar morrisoni biovar tenebrionis impact and persistence in Tenebrio molitor larvae
Authors: Savio Carlotta , Herren Pascal , Rejasse Agnès , van Loon Joop J.A. , Nielsen-Leroux Christina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.; Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) has been proposed during the last decade as a suitable insect species for feed and food production. The inclusion of by- and side-products of cereal and vegetable production in the feed of yellow mealworm increases the probability of exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis sv. morrisoni biovar tenebrionis (Btt), an entomopathogen used in the biological control of coleopteran pest species. The lack of studies on effects of Btt spores and toxin on T. molitor in mass-rearing systems led us to explore its effect on survival and growth of larvae and its persistence in larvae and in frass. Larvae of different body weight (3, 5, 10 and 40 mg) were exposed by free feeding for 72 hours to a range of Btt spore – crystal concentrations spiked to wheat bran (WB). Susceptibility to the entomopathogen was concentration-dependent and linked to the larval body weight, larvae of higher weight being less susceptible. Growth and feed conversion ratio of survivors showed significant impact for low-weight larvae while less or no effect was recorded for larvae having higher weight. Btt was still recovered from larvae and frass 14 days after feeding with non-contaminated WB, indicating a certain level of persistence in the tested conditions, on alive 40-mg larvae, implying a potential risk in T. molitor mass rearing.
Insect cuisine: transitioning from a novel snack to a dinner staple
Authors: Kinyuru John , Ndung’u Nancy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This editorial advocate for the use of edible insects as a viable solution to concerns about food security and sustainability. Despite their nutritional benefits, insects are relegated to novelty snacks due to cultural aversion and a lack of familiar food formats. If a shift in consumer perceptions is to be achieved, both education on insect nutrition and the promotion of appealing insect-based dishes through culinary innovation are required. Furthermore, establishing clear regulations for insect farming and processing is crucial for building trust among consumers. The editorial emphasizes collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and the food industry to ensure edible insects become a more accepted and sustainable choice for dinner.
Entomophagy in the Benin republic, new opportunities for mass-rearing of edible insects
Authors: Fassinou F.T.K. , Ganta R.S.E. , Hintènou M.V. , Sohounnon M. , Bokonon-Ganta A.H. , Vissin E.W. , Crabeck S. , Gosselin M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite the long-standing tradition of insect consumption in Africa, there are few publications describing their geographical distribution, diversity, availability and consumption practices in the Benin republic. The present study investigated the geographical distribution of edible insects, but also the frequencies of insect citation and consumption across ten phytogeographical zones (PGZ) of the Benin republic. A survey involving 1,267 participants was conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs) and individual interviews, covering one district in each PGZ. The study identified 22 edible species from six different orders: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea, and Orthoptera. These species are primarily available during the rainy season and are typically collected using traditional methods. They are consumed in various forms, including roasted, fried, boiled, or raw, depending on the developmental stages. Based on the frequencies of cited edible species, the most cited was established for each PGZ, and a shortlist of 12 species was identified for all PGZs. For each five most cited edible species, the frequency of insect consumption was associated, allowing for the selection of species to promote for mass rearing. This frequency, which is generally low for most edible species, varies according to the species and the PGZ concerned. Brachytrupes membranaceus, Cybister spp., Gryllus bimaculatus, Gymnoproctus sculpturatus, Ornithacris turbida cavroisi, Rhynchophorus phoenicis and Zonocerus variegatus were identified as candidates for promotion in the Benin republic. This study showed that a variety of edible species exist in the Benin republic, but most are rarely consumed. For better promotion of these insects as food, future studies are needed to investigate the mass rearing and/or consumer perception of these promotable edible species.
Britain’s Last Colonial War
Authors: Mockaitis Thomas R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The United Kingdom fought its last colonial war in South Arabia (1963 t0 1967) during a pivotal era of waning economic strength, rising Arab nationalism, and growing anticolonialism. Determined to retain Britain’s international status, the Macmillan government considered military facilities in Aden essential to projecting power east of Suez. This article argues that policy decisions taken from 1937 onwards increased the likelihood of a nationalist insurgency and made countering it at an acceptable cost extraordinarily difficult. The British never devised a comprehensive strategy, responding to threats on an ad hoc basis. Contrary to what some scholars insist, South Arabia neither confirmed the failure of the British approach nor heralded a new era of counterinsurgency. The conflict was a political failure, not a military defeat.
The Establishment of a Regional Court in Southeast Asia to Combat Environmental Issues
Authors: Ramalingam Sheila 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Regional arrangements for dispute resolution are sanctioned under Article 52 of the United Nations Charter. Following therefrom, the regions of Europe, America and Africa have set up regional courts for the resolution of all kinds of disputes between respective Member States, including for human rights issues. In the Southeast Asian region, despite the setting up of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) on 8 August 1967, there has yet to be any concrete form of a binding dispute resolution mechanism. In recent times, environmental issues have been given due recognition by their elevation onto the human rights platform in many international conventions, and also crafted into the constitutions of many countries around the world. Against this background, this article explores the viability of establishing a regional court for Southeast Asia. The research finds that the establishment of a regional court in Southeast Asia is necessary, not only to tackle transboundary pollution issues between Member States, but also as a forum of last resort by individuals or groups within Member States which have yet to recognise environmental rights as human rights.
Twenty Years of the European Association of Taiwan Studies (eats)
Authors: Fell Dafydd , Rawnsley Ming-yeh T. , Cockel Isabelle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This report maps out the evolution of the European Association of Taiwan Studies over the last 20 years. Collaboratively authored by two former secretaries-general and the current office holder, the authors trace the Association’s short history and express their gratitude to all colleagues and friends who have contributed to its work. Furthermore, they reflect on how the Association has enriched and expanded the scope of Taiwan studies across Europe.
When Crisis Unfolds: Relative Deprivation and Populist Attitudes in Hungary
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Lantos Dorottya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The demand side of populism has been in the scope of social scientists since the early 2010s. Since then, ample scholarly evidence has suggested that populist attitudes are strongly tied to the feeling of relative deprivation. Our study’s focal point revolves around the above findings and focuses on Hungary, a country where populism flourishes. This study analyses the possible connections between the populist attitudes of Hungarian citizens and their feelings of relative deprivation using a representative sample (n = 994). Regression analyses revealed that relative deprivation is a significant predictor of populist attitudes in Hungary regardless of age, sex, and education.
Opposing the Sexual Violence of Gender Oppression
Authors: Taylor Dianna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Beauvoir considers counterviolence to be a necessary and ethical response to fascism and colonialism. Because gender oppression is grounded in and reproduced through sexual violence, gender oppression functions similarly to fascism and colonialism. This article therefore makes a case for feminist use of counterviolence to combat gender oppression and the sexual violence upon which it relies.
Existential Patriarchy
Authors: Reed Corey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
How does patriarchy affect one’s conception of personal freedom? Patriarchy raises this existential question, not just for women but for other identities such as marginalized men. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s thoughts on patriarchy and existentialism, the author argues that an existential framework for patriarchy gives greater insight into the ways patriarchy is interconnected with other oppressions, affects marginalized men and others who do not identify as women, and alters people’s conception of choice as they engage the world.
Resurrection as Vindication
Authors: Paroschi Keldie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The resurrection and the hope of Israel have been acknowledged as the raison d’être of Paul’s trial in Acts. However, what has intrigued scholars is why Luke seems to portray Paul as focusing on general Jewish expectations regarding the resurrection of the dead in his defense speeches when the point of contention appears to be Jesus’s resurrection. This article argues that the narrative of Acts seeks to vindicate Paul not only through the rhetorical strategy of claiming continuity between Paul and Jewish resurrection traditions, but also by portraying Paul as a faithful Jew who exemplifies the hope of Israel in his own life, thereby adding a personal dimension to the role of Jesus’s resurrection as vindication for Paul’s claims of faithfulness.
المنامات بصفتها طريقةً لنقل المعرفة الدينيّة في أعمال ابن بشكوال (‫494–578‬/1101–1183) الزهديّة
Authors: دي لا بوينتي كريستينا 
Published: July 2024

المستخلص
‫تشير الأدلّة الوثائقيّة إلى عمليّة نقل المنامات في الغرب الإسلاميّ بدءًا من نهاية القرن الخامس/الحادي عشر وبداية القرن السادس/الثاني عشر. وقد ذكر المحدِّثون السُّنّة هذه المنامات في جوامع الحديث النبويّ وعدّوها وسيلة إضافيّة لنقل المعرفة الدينيّة. يدرس هذا المقال المنامات في عملين من أعمال الزهد التي وضعها ابن بشكوال القرطبيّ (ت ‫578‬/1183)، وهما كتاب القربة إلى ربّ العالمين بالصلاة على محمّد سيّد المرسلين، وهو نصّ موجز يتناول موضوع الصلاة على النبيّ، وكتابه الآخر الشامل والمنوّع كتاب الفوائد المنتخبة والحكايات المستغربة. يُدرج الكاتب منامات مختلفة ضمن الأحاديث والأخبار التي ينقلها من الشرق، ويُعنى هذا المقال بدراسة هذه المنامات وتصنيفها بعناية استنادًا إلى أغراضها: منامات ملهِمة، ومنامات كاشفة، ومنامات مشرِّعة. ينظر المقال كذلك في الجانب الشكليّ للمنامات والأحداث العجائبيّة التي تأتي على ذكرها. فيُبيّن، من جهة، النهجَ المعتمَد ومحتوى بعض أعمال تبجيل النبيّ؛ ومن جهة أخرى، يثبت أنّ هذا النوع من أدب الزهد لم ينتشر بين الصوفيّة فحسب، ولكن بين المحدِّثين السُّنّة أيضًا وإن لم يكونوا يُظهرون ميلًا إلى التصوّف.‬
A Twelfth-Century Handbook of Byzantine Canon Law
Authors: Morton James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the twelfth-century manuscript BAV Vat. gr. 2198 and its contents in light of new research in the field of Byzantine legal history. This codex is most notable for containing a canon law collection known as the Synthesis of the Nomocanon, attributed to “the monk John, the son of the Sebastokrator.” After first introducing the physical details of the manuscript and its history of ownership, the article then lays out the evidence for the identification of John with Adrian Komnenos, nephew of the emperor Alexios I. It next provides a detailed study of the structure and purpose of the Synthesis of the Nomocanon, arguing that it was an attempt to create a practical handbook of canon law that would allow readers to quickly look up canons on particular themes while also being able to check the historical context in which the canons were issued. Lastly, it also surveys the contents of the manuscript’s extensive appendix and offers some general conclusions about the significance of John’s Synthesis within the broader landscape of Komnenian canon law scholarship.
The Saudi Epistolary Novel: A Study in the Formation and Transformation of a Literary Genre
Authors: al-Bakr Fahd bin Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The importance of the topic of this article lies in the fact that it is so rarely explored in the context of the Arabic novel and almost never in that of the Saudi novel, except for passing references. The article aims to clarify the concept of the epistolary novel—that is, the novel based on letters—and its earliest roots. It seeks to establish a concept of the Saudi epistolary novel and its value in Arabic fiction, highlighting the earliest Saudi examples and their impact on the Arabic novel in general. It also discusses some of the functions that the letter plays in a novel and observes the recent development of the Saudi epistolary novel, which has facilitated its openness to the new literature.
Between Chaos and Coherence – Attribution Tests in the Practice of International Investment Tribunals
Authors: Kajtár Gábor 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article analyses how investment tribunals apply attribution standards in their case practice. Attribution standards as applied by investment tribunals will be assessed in two different categories. First, the article will survey how tribunals apply traditional attribution tests, which originally refer to establishing internationally wrongful acts, as defined under Articles 4, 5 and 8 of ARSIWA. Second, the article will examine how attribution tests are applied and defined in so called non-traditional attribution scenarios, such as in the context of establishing the jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals, the applicability of the umbrella clause, certain declarations of the state (right of representation in the field of estoppel), as well as certain issues relevant to decide about the state’s involvement in private contracts in situations of corruption. The article ultimately presents a plea for nuanced application for attribution standards under different attribution scenarios instead of the automatic application of ARSIWA attribution standards.