bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in aortic disease
Authors: Evangelista Arturo , Garot Jérôme 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that permits the most comprehensive study of aortic diseases. It offers morphological, functional and biochemical information. Conventional ECG-gated spin-echo imaging, cine gradient-echo and contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography have earned MRI the reputation of being the ideal tool for evaluating the aorta. The phase-contrast imaging technique enables the assessment of flow in the great vessels. MRI can be used to define the location and extent of aneurysms, dissections and aortic wall ulceration. This is the best technique to demonstrate areas of wall thickening related to aortitis or intramural haematoma. MRI may also be used as a tool to study aortic physiology by assessment of elastic aortic properties, stiffness and aortic wall shear stress. MRI is particularly useful in patients with either contraindications to iodinated contrast material or in those with known aneurysms who require sequential follow-up.
Diversion programs and alternatives to incarceration
Authors: Rotter Merrill , Barber-Rioja Virginia 
Published: May 2015

Decreasing the number of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system remains a public mental health priority – one that has even reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Diverting individuals with mental illness from jail or prison decreases their exposure to that traumatic environment and addresses security concerns of corrections professionals charged with their care and management. When diversion is coupled with the court-based, problem-solving approach of monitored care and treatment in the community, public safety is improved and the clinical success of the individual is enhanced. When treatment in the community includes an explicit focus on criminogenic factors, the ability to meet public safety goals are enhanced even further. Given these several goals, as well as the considerable variability from jurisdiction to jurisdiction in court resources, treatment resources, social supports, political philosophies, and fiscal realities, the types of diversion that will work for one community may not work for another. However, the overwhelming majority of the data is clear that diversion can be implemented with documented success in the domains described above, and that there are a number of beneficial models for client intercept and associated programming. This chapter reviews the major models used to divert those with serious mental illness from incarceration, paying attention to some of the legal and clinical issues that arise as a result of diversion initiatives. Brief overviews of those interventions, including drug and mental health courts, jail diversion programs, and alternatives to incarceration for the mentally ill, are presented.
Levels of care
Authors: Metzner Jeffrey L. , Appelbaum Kenneth L. 
Published: May 2015

Just as in community settings, there is a continuum of care for mentally ill inmates in correctional settings. This continuum progresses from ambulatory care through supported residential housing to inpatient or infirmary care. The continuum of care for inmates with mental illness includes outpatient care, emergency services, day treatment, supported residential housing, infirmary care, and inpatient psychiatric hospitalization services. Outpatient treatment is the least intensive level of care. In some systems this may include a day treatment program, which provides enhanced mental health services similar to a residential program as described below. In the case of outpatient treatment, participating inmates live in a general population housing unit with other inmates, many of whom are not in need of mental health services. A residential program (i.e., housing unit) within the correctional setting is provided for inmates with chronic mental illness who do not require inpatient treatment but do require enhanced mental health services. Such a designated housing unit can provide a safe and therapeutic environment for those unable to function adequately within the general inmate population. Crisis intervention services include both brief counseling and supervised stabilization. The latter, often provided in an infirmary setting, serve short-term stabilization and/or diagnostic purposes. A psychiatric inpatient program is the most intensive level of care and is often provided by the state psychiatric hospital system. This chapter describes each level and how they may be adapted successfully to function in correctional settings to meet the needs of individuals with mental illness.
Comparison of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Posterolateral Fusion for the Treatment of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Luo Jiaquan , Cao Kai , Yu Ting , Li Liangping , Huang Sheng , Gong Ming , Cao Cong , Zou Xuenong 
Published: May 2015

Study Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:
Posterolateral fusion (PLF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) were widely used in the treatment of lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS). There was a great controversy over the preferred fusion method.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes between PLF and PLIF for the treatment of IS.

Materials and Methods:
Related studies that compared the clinical effectiveness of PLIF and PLF for the treatment of IS were acquired by a comprehensive search in 4 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, and MEDLINE) from January 1950 through December 2014. Included studies were performed according to eligibility criteria. The main endpoints included: improvement of clinical satisfaction, complication rate, reoperation rate, fusion rate, and reoperation rate.

Results:
A total of 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis; 6 were low-quality evidence and 2 were high-quality evidence as indicated by the Jadad scale. Compared with PLIF, PLF patients showed lower fusion rates [P=0.005, odds ratio (OR)=0.29 (0.14, 0.58)] and shorter operation times [P<0.00001, weighted mean difference (WMD)=−0.5(−0.61, −0.39)]. No significant difference was found in the term of postoperative visual analogue scale leg score [P=0.92, WMD=0.02 (−0.39, 0.44)] and visual analogue scale back score [P=0.41, WMD=0.20 (−0.28, 0.68)], blood loss [P=0.39, WMD=121.17 (−152.68, 395.01)], complication rate [P=0.42, OR=1.50 (0.56, 4.03)], postoperative Oswestry Disability Index [P=0.3, WMD=1.09 (−0.97, 3.15)], and postoperative clinical satisfaction [P=0.84, OR=1.06 (0.60, 1.86)].

Conclusions:
In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that PLF shows significant lower fusion rate compared with PLIF. Although PLIF had more operation time than PLF, there was no significant difference in global assessment of clinical outcome between the 2 fusion procedures. However, future well-designed, randomized-controlled trials are still needed to further confirm our results.
Novel Parameter of Corneal Biomechanics That Differentiate Normals From Glaucoma
Authors: Lee Rachel , Chang Robert T. , Wong Ian Y.H. , Lai Jimmy S.M. , Lee Jacky W.Y. , Singh Kuldev 
Published: May 2015

Purpose:
To identify novel corneal biomechanical parameters differentiating glaucomatous from normal eyes.

Patients and Methods:
Sixty subjects with varying degrees of glaucoma severity and 61 normal controls underwent corneal biomechanical measurements including corneal deformation amplitude, inward and outward applanation length and velocity, and highest concavity time in 1 eye per subject at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Measurements were taken with the Corvis ST device, a noncontact tonometer coupled with a high-speed Scheimpflug camera. The intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were also measured.

Results:
Significant findings included differences in outward applanation velocity (glaucoma: −0.37±0.01 m/s; control: −0.32±0.01 m/s; P=0.001), peak distance (glaucoma: 2.37±0.03 mm; control: 2.30±0.02 mm; P=0.005), and highest concavity time (glaucoma: 16.75±0.08 ms; control: 17.05±0.07 ms; P=0.002) between the 2 groups, after correcting for IOP, CCT, and age. Both outward applanation velocity and peak distance were moderately correlated with IOP and CCT. However, highest concavity time was not correlated with either IOP or CCT (R
2=0.0140 and 0.000055, respectively). Age was not correlated with any of the 3 parameters.

Conclusions:
Glaucomatous eyes have a greater mean outward applanation velocity and peak distance, but shorter time to highest concavity than eyes without glaucoma. The difference in time to highest concavity does not correlate with age, IOP, or CCT, suggesting that this parameter may be a marker of increased pressure susceptibility that is independently associated with glaucoma risk.
A Dedicated Type II NADPH Dehydrogenase Performs the Penultimate Step in the Biosynthesis of Vitamin K1 in Synechocystis and Arabidopsis
Authors: Fatihi Abdelhak , Latimer Scott , Schmollinger Stefan , Block Anna , Dussault Patrick H. , Vermaas Wim F.J. , Merchant Sabeeha S. , Basset Gilles J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana NAD(P)H DEHYDROGENASE C1 (NDC1; At5g08740) results in the accumulation of demethylphylloquinone, a late biosynthetic intermediate of vitamin K1. Gene coexpression and phylogenomics analyses showed that conserved functional associations occur between vitamin K biosynthesis and NDC1 homologs throughout the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages. Deletion of Synechocystis ndbB, which encodes for one such homolog, resulted in the same defects as those observed in the cyanobacterial demethylnaphthoquinone methyltransferase knockout. Chemical modeling and assay of purified demethylnaphthoquinone methyltransferase demonstrated that, by virtue of the strong electrophilic nature of S-adenosyl-l-methionine, the transmethylation of the demethylated precursor of vitamin K is strictly dependent on the reduced form of its naphthoquinone ring. NDC1 was shown to catalyze such a prerequisite reduction by using NADPH and demethylphylloquinone as substrates and flavine adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor. NDC1 displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was markedly inhibited by dicumarol, a competitive inhibitor of naphthoquinone oxidoreductases. These data demonstrate that the reduction of the demethylnaphthoquinone ring represents an authentic step in the biosynthetic pathway of vitamin K, that this reaction is enzymatically driven, and that a selection pressure is operating to retain type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in this process.
Dechlorination of large marine iron artifact using a novel technique involving impressed current
Authors: Batis Georgios , Zacharopoulou Angeliki , Zacharopoulou Evgenia , Siova Helene , Argyropoulos Vasilike 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to develop an electrochemical dechlorination method for large objects in a short time, which were for a long time in the sea. Traditionally, in conservation, chlorides are extracted from marine iron artifacts using complete immersion of those objects in alkaline solutions with or without electrolysis. However, these techniques are time-consuming and very costly, especially when applied to large marine artifacts such as cannons and anchors.Design/methodology/approach– An appropriate sponge was chosen based on resistance to NaOH and the rate of exacted chlorides. Application of electrochemical dechlorinationin situand removal of chloride were measured by the scanning electron microscope (SEM)-EDAX method on the corrosion products and by titration of the electrolysis solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) method is used for identification of corrosion products before and after application of electrochemical chloride extraction.Findings– The electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) method is applied against the corrosion of reinforced concrete. From the authors’ research, it is obvious that ECE can successfully extract chlorides from dried large metallic objects exported from the sea. The method of ECE removes the majority of chlorides from the metal during conservation treatment so that the application of organic coating will allow the object to remain stable over a long period.Originality/value– A new methodology was developed for dechlorination of metallic objects exported from the sea in a short time and thus the consumption of chemical reagents was cut down.
Three years outdoor exposure of low carbon steel in Mauritius
Authors: Surnam Baboo Y. R. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in the Mauritian atmosphere over a three-year period. Atmospheric corrosion is a serious problem in Mauritius.

Design/methodology/approach
– Carbon steel samples were exposed outdoors at various sites. Mass loss analysis was performed to determine the corrosion behaviour of the metal over the exposure period. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman tests were performed to investigate the formation of the corrosion products on the carbon steel surface.

Findings
– It was found that the corrosion loss at two of the sites considered did not vary clearly according to the bilogarithmic law. Time of wetness was found to be a main factor affecting atmospheric corrosion in Mauritius. The corrosivity of the atmosphere was found to lie between categories C3 and C4, according to ISO 9223.

Originality/value
– The results can be of essential help to the construction industry, especially as steel buildings are becoming very common in Mauritius. Moreover, as Mauritius is a tropical island, the results obtained can be useful in other tropical islands.
Preparation and characterization of a cerium conversion film on magnesium alloy
Authors: Sun Jie , Wang Gang 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to prepare the cerium-based conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy, and its compositions, micro-morphology, corrosion resistance and the chemical valence state of the film elements were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology comprised preparation of coatings at different temperatures, which then were characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, an electrochemistry workstation and by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Findings
– The conversion coating had a micro-cracked morphology. The conversion coatings were composed of MgO (or Mg-OH), CeO2 and Ce2O3. The best corrosion resistance of the cerium passivation film appeared when the treatment temperature was about 35°C.

Originality/value
– The corrosion current densities of conversion coatings were lower by one to two orders of magnitude than the corrosion current density of the blank sample. The rare earth passivation coating prepared under the best condition could reduce the corrosion current to 3.548 × 10−6 A/cm2.
Corrosion inhibitory effect of thiourea on recrystallized E-34 microalloyed steels in acidic media
Authors: Seikh Asiful Hossain , Karim Mohammad Rezaul 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of thiourea (TU) on corrosion resistance property for rolled and recrystallized E-34 microalloyed steels by using electrochemical polarization techniques.

Design/methodology/approach
– To perceive the effect of TU on the corrosion inhibition efficiency, various concentrations of TU (from 1 × 10 − 4 to 1 × 10 − 2M) and different temperatures (20, 30 and 400°C) in 1N sulfuric acid are used.

Findings
– It is found that TU has significant inhibition effect on corrosion process. Moreover, it reveals that both the inhibitor concentrations and temperatures have a strong influence on the corrosion prevention efficiency of inhibitor. Thermodynamics studies confirm that the inhibitor adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.

Originality/value
– To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first work that has been disclosed the corrosion inhibitory effect of TU for recrystallized E-34 microalloyed steels in acidic media.
The impact of territory of origin on product authenticity perceptions
Authors: Zhang Mohua , Merunka Dwight 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of territory of origin (TOO) associations for consumers’ perception of product authenticity and empirically tests the chain of effects, from TOO associations to perceived authenticity, and to consumers’ self-brand connections.

Design/methodology/approach
– An experimental method and a partial least square approach were adopted. Hypotheses were tested on data collected across 665 Chinese consumers.

Findings
– Results demonstrate that TOO exerts a positive impact on perceived product authenticity, which in turn leads to stronger consumers’ self-brand connections. In addition, compared with country of origin (COO) information, TOO has a unique positive impact on perceived authenticity and a direct positive effect on consumers’ self-brand connections. Also, the positive impact of TOO on perceived authenticity is enhanced through consumers’ familiarity with the TOO and through congruence between the product category and the TOO.

Research limitations/implications
– One possible outcome of TOO (perceived authenticity) and one product category (lavender soap) were considered in this study.

Originality/value
– Given the diminishing relevance of COO associations, this study demonstrates that TOO is an appealing alternative strategy for strengthening brand equity.
How to be a host leader
Authors: McKergow Mark 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– To look at what we do, as hosts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper looks at what we do as hosts, what it means to lead and leadership as engagement.

Findings
– Host leadership offers an alternative. Leadership seems to put the focus on the leader. The authors think this is a mistake. Leading is about a relationship – between the leader and the others.

Originality/value
– Host leadership is a natural way to take a leading position, in a manner that draws in others. This builds engagement, leading to performance and results.
Organizational learning: a road map to evaluate learning outcomes in knowledge intensive firms
Authors: Purushothaman Arunprasad 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify and measure the organizational learning outcomes in a sample of knowledge-intensive firms like software companies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The sample chosen for this study comprised software professionals; the software companies were chosen based on the listing in the National Association of Software and Services Companies annual report with financial turnover as a base for classification. The learning outcomes discussed in this study are grounded on the dimensions of the building blocks of learning organization, which are classified as learning dynamics, organization transformation, knowledge management, people empowerment and technology application.

Findings
– Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in learning outcomes based on the organization’s age. The organizational learning orientation for medium- and very large-scale companies are on the higher side with reduced organization hierarchy; better technology-based learning; structured knowledge management practices; learning-centric talent acquisition, talent management and total rewards. Small-scale companies fared well in organization transformation dimension and large-scale companies constantly nurture the congenial learning environment.

Practical implications
– The tool can help knowledge-intensive firms to analyze the extent to which organizational practices aligned with learning initiatives are visibly seen in terms of learning outcomes. Thus, the learning culture can be articulated and associated with the growing needs of an organization.

Originality/value
– Organizational learning initiatives can be enhanced and reinforced through customized organization practices by observing the measures of learning dimensions.
Theory into practice in Australian progressive education
Authors: Hughes John P. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to scrutinize the avowedly progressive curriculum delivered in the 1930s at the Enmore Activity School. Through this examination it delineates a gap in Australia between the theoretical formulations of progressive education and school practice. The study of this curriculum is used to locate historical trends and influences that aided or hindered the application of progressive education in Australia during the 1930s.

Design/methodology/approach
– Through a review of the archival and historical literature on the curriculum at the Enmore Activity School the paper defines the ways progressive education was understood in Australia at that time.

Findings
– The analysis reveals that Enmore delivered a type of progressive education Tyack dubs “administrative progressivism” in a programme that remained essentially orthodox. Yet although an authentically progressive curriculum proved elusive at Enmore the school did, by example, influence several later curriculums.

Originality/value
– This close up study provides insights into how central tenets of progressive education were understood, accepted, or rejected at the local level in Australia in the 1930s. It offers fresh perspectives on contemporary educational debates about progressive education.
The research methods used in “doing gender” literature
Authors: Jännäri Jatta , Kovalainen Anne 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to study the kinds of methodologies used in studying “doing gender” in working life and organisations. To do so, articles that use empirical research materials from different academic peer-reviewed journals have been analysed. By methodologies, both data gathering tools and the analysing techniques using and concerting the data have been largely understood. In the articles analysed, interviews were the main methodological tool in extracting the “doing gender”, while studies using naturally occurring data, e.g. historical materials and methods in relation to this type of data were in the minority. The following question has been proposed for further exploration: What impact does the domination of interviews as a research method have on the concept of “doing gender”?

Design/methodology/approach
– Qualitative content analysis, close reading and data were collected from academic peer-reviewed journals with the applied principles of literature review.

Findings
– The research methodologies adopted in the articles on “doing gender” mostly deal with interview data and their analysis. Interview data are used most often as the primary source for ethnographic analysis. These method choices limit the potential interpretations available for the analysis of the conceptual idea of “doing gender”.

Research limitations/implications
– The limitations of this article relate to the journals chosen for the analysis.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes toward a deeper understanding of the “doing gender” approach, particularly by exploring the research methodologies that have been used when studying “doing gender” approach empirically.