bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Features of Disease After Diagnosis in 6 Forms of Systemic Vasculitis
Authors: Grayson Peter C. , Cuthbertson David , Carette Simon , Hoffman Gary S. , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry L. , Langford Carol A. , Maksimowicz-McKinnon Kathleen , Monach Paul A. , Seo Philip , Specks Ulrich , Ytterberg Steven R. , Merkel Peter A. ,   for the Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: August 2013

Objective.To quantify the occurrence of features of vasculitis that initially present after diagnosis in 6 types of primary vasculitis.Methods.Standardized collection of data on 95 disease manifestations in 6 vasculitides, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss; EGPA), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), giant cell arteritis (GCA), and Takayasu arteritis (TAK), was obtained within a set of multicenter longitudinal, observational cohorts. For each form of vasculitis, the frequency of disease-specific manifestations at diagnosis was compared to the cumulative frequency of each manifestation. The percentage of patients who initially developed severe manifestations after diagnosis, defined as organ- or life-threatening in the small and medium vessel vasculitides (GPA, MPA, EGPA, PAN) and as ischemic/vascular in the large vessel vasculitides (GCA, TAK), was reported.Results.Out of 838 patients with vasculitis, 490 (59%) experienced ≥ 1 new disease manifestation after diagnosis. On average, patients with vasculitis experienced 1.3 new manifestations after diagnosis (GPA = 1.9, MPA = 1.2, EGPA = 1.5, PAN = 1.2, GCA = 0.7, and TAK = 1.0). New severe manifestations occurred after diagnosis in 224 (27%) out of 838 patients (GPA = 26%, MPA = 19%, EGPA = 21%, PAN = 23%, GCA = 24%, and TAK = 44%). Timing of onset of new manifestations was not significantly associated with disease duration.Conclusion.A majority of patients with vasculitis develop new disease features after diagnosis, including a substantial number of new, severe manifestations. Ongoing assessment of patients with established vasculitis should remain broad in scope.
Prevalence of Anti-Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type 4 Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Unaffected First-degree Relatives in Indigenous North American Populations
Authors: Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Darrah Erika , Smolik Irene , Choromanski Tammy L. , Robinson David B. , Newkirk Marianna M. , Fritzler Marvin J. , Rosen Antony , El-Gabalawy Hani S. 
Published: August 2013

Objective.To determine whether anti-peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) antibodies were present in first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 2 indigenous North American populations with high prevalence of RA.Methods.Participants were recruited from 2 indigenous populations in Canada and the United States, including patients with RA (probands), their unaffected FDR, and healthy unrelated controls. Sera were tested for the presence of anti-PAD4 antibodies, anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies, and rheumatoid factor (RF). HLA-DRB1 subtyping was performed and participants were classified according to number of shared-epitope alleles present.Results.Antibodies to PAD4 were detected in 24 of 82 (29.3%) probands; 2 of 147 (1.4%) relatives; and no controls (p < 0.0001). Anti-CCP was present in 39/144 (27.1%) of the relatives, and there was no overlap between positivity for anti-CCP and PAD4 in the relatives. In RA patients, anti-PAD4 antibodies were associated with disease duration (p = 0.0082) and anti-CCP antibodies (p = 0.008), but not smoking or shared-epitope alleles.Conclusion.Despite a significant prevalence of anti-CCP in FDR, anti-PAD4 antibodies were almost exclusively found in established RA. The prevalence of anti-PAD4 antibodies in RA is similar to the prevalence described in other populations and these autoantibodies are associated with disease duration and anti-CCP in RA.
La force du localisme
Authors: Sawicki Frédéric 
Published: August 2013

L’ancrage local est primordial pour les partis, afin qu’ils puissent capter les préoccupations de la population. Mais ce qui devrait leur donner une plus grande ouverture finit par les enfermer ; aujourd’hui, le poids du local a de nombreux effets pervers, comme l’entre-soi, mais aussi l’abandon des idées et du programme. Ce qu’on appelle « parti » est en réalité une faible coalition de baronnies locales.
De quoi la crise démographique au Sahel est-elle le nom ?
Authors: Cooper Barbara M. , Botiveau Raphaël 
Published: August 2013

Les femmes nigériennes ont le taux de fécondité le plus élevé d’Afrique subsaharienne, une statistique qui contribue à la pauvreté et aux perturbations politiques dans la région. Les données nationales nous renseignent cependant bien peu sur les expériences individuelles de la fécondité. Ce texte approche les récentes études démographiques à partir d’un travail anthropologique et historique plus large sur le Sahel. Il s’agit de montrer qu’au Niger, comme ailleurs dans la région, l’expérience ressentie d’une crise démographique n’est pas, pour beaucoup, celle d’une surfécondité mais bien au contraire d’une sous-fécondité. Les décideurs politiques et les bailleurs internationaux devraient sans doute considérer plus productif de chercher à satisfaire les besoins perçus par les femmes et les hommes de la région, plutôt que d’exacerber un peu plus l’impression d’encerclement prévalant parfois parmi des populations qui interprètent le « planning familial » comme une intrusion génocidaire dans leurs existences reproductives.
Les origines et la transformation de l'insurrection de Boko Haram dans le Nord du Nigeria
Authors: Higazi Adam , Brisset-Foucault Florence 
Published: August 2013

Le mouvement militant Jamā’at ahl al-sunna li’l-da’wa wa’l-jihad – « l’Association des gens de la Sunna pour le prosélytisme et la lutte armée » – est mieux connu sous le surnom de « Boko Haram ». Le groupe a émergé en 2003 dans le Nord-Est du Nigeria mais a depuis recruté des militants dans d’autres régions du Nord. Boko Haram n’a pas de soutien massif au Nord du pays, mais la forme de son militantisme et les tactiques contre-insurrectionnelles de l’État nigérian ont généré une insécurité considérable dans ses zones d’activité. Cet article retrace les origines de Boko Haram et les étapes de sa campagne de violence contre l’État nigérian, contre les influences laïques et chrétiennes et contre les musulmans qui s’opposent à lui.
« Prendre la rue » : les parcours citadins des Shégués de Kinshasa
Authors: Dugrand Camille 
Published: August 2013

Cet article se penche sur les parcours citadins des Shégués, les enfants dits « de la rue » de Kinshasa. « Prendre la rue », c’est s’immerger avec ses pairs au cœur de formes de sociabilités urbaines qui combinent l’apprentissage collectif de comportements spécifiques (techniques de vol, consommation de drogue, usage de la violence) et l’affirmation de soi. Entre la valorisation de qualités liées à leur mode d’existence « différent », l’aspiration à la reconnaissance sociale et les rêves de réussite personnelle, les Shégués se construisent au cœur d’une société dans laquelle ils ne cessent de s’employer à « devenir quelqu’un » et à simplement « exister ».
Lie groupoids and their orbispaces
Authors: del Hoyo Matias L. 
Published: August 2013

This is a concise introduction to the theory of Lie groupoids, with emphasis in their role as models for orbispaces. After some preliminaries, we review the foundations on Lie groupoids, and we carefully study equivalences and proper groupoids.
Orbispaces are geometric objects which have manifolds and orbifolds as special instances, and can be presented as the transverse geometry of a Lie groupoid. Two Lie groupoids are equivalent if they are presenting the same orbispace, and proper groupoids are presentations of separated orbispaces, which by the linearization theorem are locally modeled by linear actions of compact groups. We discuss all these notions in detail.
Our treatment diverges from the expositions already in the literature, looking for a complementary insight over this rich theory that is still in development.
Non-Semisimple Lie Algebras of Block Matrices and Applications to Bi-Integrable Couplings
Authors: Meng Jinghan , Ma Wen-Xiu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe propose a class of non-semisimple matrix loop algebras consisting of 3 × 3 block matrices, and form zero curvature equations from the presented loop algebras to generate bi-integrable couplings. Applications are made for the AKNS soliton hierarchy and Hamiltonian structures of the resulting integrable couplings are constructed by using the associated variational identities.
Analysis of Two-Phase Cavitating Flow with Two-Fluid Model Using Integrated Boltzmann Equations
Authors: Liu Shuhong , Wu Yulin , Xu Yu , Dou Hua-Shu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the present work, both computational and experimental methods are employed to study the two-phase flow occurring in a model pump sump. The two-fluid model of the two-phase flow has been applied to the simulation of the three-dimensional cavitating flow. The governing equations of the two-phase cavitating flow are derived from the kinetic theory based on the Boltzmann equation. The isotropic RNGk — ε — kcaturbulence model of two-phase flows in the form of cavity number instead of the form of cavity phase volume fraction is developed. The RNGk—ε—kcaturbulence model, that is the RNGk — eturbulence model for the liquid phase combined with thekcamodel for the cavity phase, is employed to close the governing turbulent equations of the two-phase flow. The computation of the cavitating flow through a model pump sump has been carried out with this model in three-dimensional spaces. The calculated results have been compared with the data of the PIV experiment. Good qualitative agreement has been achieved which exhibits the reliability of the numerical simulation model.
A Diffusively Corrected Multiclass Lighthill-Whitham-Richards Traffic Model with Anticipation Lengths and Reaction Times
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Mulet Pep , Villada Luis M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMulticlass Lighthill-Whitham-Richards traffic models [Benzoni-Gavage and Colombo, Euro. J. Appl. Math., 14 (2003), pp. 587–612; Wong and Wong, Transp. Res. A, 36 (2002), pp. 827–841] give rise to first-order systems of conservation laws that are hyperbolic under usual conditions, so that their associated Cauchy problems are well-posed. Anticipation lengths and reaction times can be incorporated into these models by adding certain conservative second-order terms to these first-order conservation laws. These terms can be diffusive under certain circumstances, thus, in principle, ensuring the stability of the solutions. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the stability of these diffusively corrected models under varying reaction times and anticipation lengths. It is demonstrated that instabilities may develop for high reaction times and short anticipation lengths, and that these instabilities may have controlled frequencies and amplitudes due to their nonlinear nature.
Combined Silicone Oil Removal with Secondary Implantation of Anterior Chamber or Sclera-fixed Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Zhang Yan , Sun Dawei , Zhang Zhongyu , Xiao Huizhen , Peng Shaomin 
Published: August 2013

Purpose To compare the outcomes and complication rates of silicone oil removal (SOR) combined with secondary implantation of modern anterior chamber intraocular lenses (AC IOLs) versus scleral-fixated, posterior chamber IOLs (SF IOLs) in patients who lack capsular support. Methods A prospective, nonrandomized study was performed to compare 2 groups of patients between January 2006 and February 2011. Forty eyes of 40 patients undergoing AC IOL implantation (group 1) and 34 eyes of 34 patients undergoing SF IOL implantation (group 2) were included. The mean follow-up was 22.3 ± 6.3 (range 6–42) months. Results The mean postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) recorded at the last follow-up in groups 1 and 2 was 0.70 ± 0.50 and 0.65 ± 0.55, respectively (p = 0.71). A total of 35 eyes (87.5%) and 29 eyes (85.3%) in groups 1 and 2 had an improved or unchanged CDVA; 5 eyes (12.5%) and 5 eyes (14.7%) had a deteriorated CDVA. The most frequent postoperative complications in the 2 groups were transient corneal edema, elevated intraocular pressure, hypotony, and retinal detachment. The differences in the number of eyes and the total number of complications were not statistically significant for early (p = 0.06) and late (p = 0.13) complications between the 2 groups. Conclusions Both secondary AC IOL and SF IOL implantation with simultaneous pars plana approach of SOR are suitable for treating silicone oil–filled, aphakic eyes. No significant difference in visual outcome or major complication rates was found between the 2 groups.
Large-area versus Small-area Application of Mitomycin C during Trabeculectomy
Authors: Matlach Juliane , Panidou Ermioni , Grehn Franz , Klink Thomas 
Published: August 2013

Purpose To compare 2 different application methods of mitomycin C (MMC) in patients undergoing trabeculectomy. Methods This retrospective trial compared outcomes of 191 eyes that underwent trabeculectomy with small-area (96 eyes; 50.3%) and large-area (95 eyes; 49.7%) MMC application. Main outcome measures were changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), required glaucoma medications, the frequency of complications, and postsurgical interventions. Results Within both treatment groups, a highly significant IOP reduction was seen during follow-up (p < 0.0001). Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in IOP between both groups. Patients treated with a larger size of surface area had a higher IOP reduction within the first postoperative year. Choroidal detachment, shallow anterior chamber, and bleb leak were seen more often in the large-area group with more aggressive MMC use. In contrast, complications associated with bleb failure such as bleb scarring were higher in the small-area group. Success rate was higher in the large-area MMC application group after 12 months. Conclusions Large-area treatment seems to be a more efficient application method of MMC during trabeculectomy.
Epidemiology and Intermediate-Term Outcomes of Open- and Closed-Globe Injuries in Traumatic Childhood Cataract
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Gupta Shikha , Yogi Rohit , Gogia Varun , Agarwal Tushar 
Published: August 2013

Purpose To study epidemiology and intermediate-term outcomes of open- and closed-globe injuries (CGI) in traumatic childhood cataract. Methods In this retrospective interventional case series, demographic parameters and history including type of injury of 57 children younger than 16 years with traumatic cataract were recorded; ocular examination included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and posterior segment evaluation. Patients underwent cataract surgery with or without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Main surgical outcomes at 6 months comprised BCVA, residual refractive spherical error (SE), and postoperative complications, namely visual axis opacification (VAO) and amblyopia. Results Bow and arrow was the most common causal agent. Open-globe injury (OGI) was 3 times more frequent than CGI. There was a significant visual gain from baseline in both groups after cataract surgery (p<0.001); residual SE was greater in OGI (1.6 ± 0.95 SD) compared to blunt trauma (0.8 ± 0.55 SD; p = 0.001). Incidence of corneal scarring, iris distortion, posterior synechiae, and intraoperative posterior capsular tear was greater with OGI (p<0.05). A total of 86% of patients were rehabilitated with a primary/secondary IOL. Single-piece IOL implantation rate (p = 0.004) was significantly greater in CGI, with no statistical difference for in-the-bag IOL (p = 0.053) and IOL implantation rate (p = 0.16). Final BCVA was significantly better for in-the-bag IOL implantation compared to sulcus fixation. Postoperative complications included amblyopia (51%) and VAO (12%). Conclusions Bow and arrow injury caused the maximum cases of traumatic cataract; cataract extraction resulted in significant visual improvement; and CGI tended to have better prognosis in pediatric traumatic cataracts.
Continuous Blood Purification Ameliorates Endothelial Hyperpermeability in SAP Patients with MODS by Regulating Tight Junction Proteins via ROCK
Authors: Yang Mei , Chen Xue-mei , Du Xiao-Gang , Cao Fang-Fang , Luxmi Sicharam Vijaya , Shen Qing 
Published: August 2013

Background Excessive activation of inflammatory mediator cascade during severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a major cause of multiple organ dysfunction and is associated with a high mortality. Recently, more and more studies have shown that continuous blood purification (CBP) could improve the prognosis of patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Many researchers have found that the disruption of tight junction barrier was an important factor for endothelial hyperpermeability, which played a key role in the pathogenesis of MODS. Previously, we found CBP could attenuate endothelial hyperpermeability in SAP patients with lung injury through regulating cytoskeleton reorganization mediated by RhoA/ROCK. However, the effect of CBP on the change of tight junction proteins in SAP patients with MODS was still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of tight junctions in endothelial hyperpermeability in SAP patients with MODS using an in vitro model, and the effect of CBP on tight junction barrier. Methods Before CBP and after CBP, blood samples were collected to observe hepatic and renal function, and arterial blood gas, while the APACHE II score was calculated to evaluate the severity of patients. To test whether RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was involved, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to serum samples taken from patients at specific time points during CBP, or preincubated with ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, followed by treatment with serum. Then, the changes in endothelial cell permeability and the expression and distribution of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 were observed. Results Compared with before CBP, the APACHE II score, serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly, while PaO2/FiO2 increased significantly after CBP. Meanwhile, endothelial permeability induced by serum from patients significantly increased, while the expression of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 significantly decreased, and severe disruption of occludin and claudin-1 was found in these cells. However, pretreated with Rho-kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 could lessen all of these abnormalities, and in a dose-dependent way. Endothelial hyperpermeability, the abnormal expression and distribution of occludin and claudin-1 were attenuated in HUVECs treated with serum from patients after CBP treatment. Conclusions The abnormality of tight junctions mediated by ROCK was an important mechanism for endothelial hyperpermeability induced by serum from SAP patients with MODS. CBP could ameliorate the disorganization and redistribution of tight junction proteins, hence improve the endothelial permeability.
Central Closed Chest Implantation of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Prevent Limb Ischemia
Authors: Deschka Heinz , Machner Matthias , El Dsoki Salah , Alken Aiman , Wimmer-Greinecker Gerhard 
Published: August 2013

Purpose Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is a widely accepted treatment option for patients with cardiogenic shock, but it is still related to a high incidence of severe complications and death. We present an alternative implantation technique to prevent life-threatening vascular complications. Methods Between January 2008 and January 2011, a total of 28 patients with acute myocardial failure and consecutive cardiogenic shock required ECMO as supportive treatment. Pre-implantation procedures were isolated CABG, CABG combined with mitral valve reconstruction or ventricular septal defect closure, respectively. The implantation of ECMO was performed by connecting the ascending aorta via an 8 mm Dacron prosthesis with the arterial line and percutaneous puncture of the femoral vein. The chest was closed after installation of ECMO was completed. The arterial line was directed subxyphoidally and removal was possible without thoracotomy. Results Average support duration was 8.7 ∓ 3.9 days. An additional intra-aortic balloon pump was used in 23 patients (89.3%). Cerebrovascular events occurred in 21.4% and gastrointestinal complications in 9.1%. Acute renal failure was treated with continuous renal replacement therapy in 64.3%. In eight cases a systemic infection had to be treated. One patient with pre-existing severe peripheral arterial disease suffered from limb malperfusion, requiring leg amputation. Twelve patients were successfully weaned from ECMO and 8 patients (28.6%) were discharged from hospital. Conclusions This alternative cannulation strategy offers effective cardiopulmonary support while minimizing the risk of limb hypo- or hyperperfusion without requiring reopening of the thorax.
Fleet Assignment with a Continuously Adjustable Flight Schedule
Authors: Wang Ta-Chung , Li Ching-Mei 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Fleet assignment is one of the four major steps in airline planning. The objective of the fleet assignment problem (FAP) is to determine which type of aircraft should fly on each flight leg while considering different characteristics and costs associated with different fleet types. This article proposes a multiphase approach to solving the FAP. Backward arcs were used to solve basic FAPs. Then the backward arcs were eliminated by using linear programming. By allowing backward time, our formulation has a similar level of flexibility as the fleet assignment model with time-window (FAMTW), but the problem size grows much slower than FAMTW. Examples using real data obtained from a major airline are included in this article.
Risk Assessment and Operational Approaches to Manage Risk in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Kumar Sameer , Boice Brooke C. , Shepherd Mark J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Global supply chains encounter low-occurrence/high-disruption risks that are not addressed adequately by adding inventory. Although many operational risk-management tools exist, these tools and methods have not been synthesized into a comprehensive management system. This article evaluates risk-assessment methodologies and operational approaches to manage risk in global supply chains, and proposes a closed-loop risk-management system with inputs, outputs, and feedback. A focal OEM company's global supply chain is used to analyze the feasibility of proposed risk assessment and an operational business model. A tool for determining supply chain root causes (supply chain failure modes and effects analysis—FMEA), and a tool for supply chain risk assessment (global supply chain risk-management scorecard) are presented. Results of completed supply chain FMEAs and global supply chain risk-management scorecards are reported. Supply chains need scalable risk-management tools to ensure supply continuity during major disruptions while balancing efficiency considerations during normal operations. The proposed management system includes scalable strategic and tactical tools to identify risks, determine root causes, assess change-management capabilities, monitor performance, and evaluate execution of the system.