bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Practical Criterion for the Rapid Detection of Single‐Loop and Double‐Loop Reentry Tachycardias
Authors: LINTON NICK W.F. , WILTON STEPHEN B. , SCHERR DANIEL , SHAH ASHOK J. , DERVAL NICOLAS , SACHER FREDERIC , WRIGHT MATTHEW , HOCINI MéLèZE , O'NEILL MARK D. , HAÏSSAGUERRE MICHEL , JAÏS PIERRE 
Published: December 2012

Additional Criterion for EntrainmentIntroductionEntrainment criteria for the diagnosis of reentrant atrial tachycardia can be difficult to apply and cannot detect double‐loop reentry. We sought to develop and clinically test a new criterion for the diagnosis of single‐ and double‐loop reentry.Methods and Results(1) Proposed criterion: after sequential overdrive pacing at 2 different locations and assessing the first ensuing beats of tachycardia, the difference in activation time recorded between 2 appropriate stationary positions changes by 1 or 2 tachycardia cycle lengths; a change of 2 tachycardia cycle lengths usually indicates double‐loop reentry rather than only a single‐loop. (2) Clinical testing: multiple overdrive pacing maneuvers were undertaken and analyzed in 5 patients with common flutter (single‐loop reentry). In total, 23 pairs of overdrive pacing maneuvers were performed using electrodes in the coronary sinus and a distribution of positions in the right atrium. In 22/23 pairs of maneuvers, the change in Activation Difference was within 2.6 ± 12.4 milliseconds of the tachycardia cycle length, confirming single loop reentry. For double‐loop reentry, the literature was reviewed and 3 cases of double‐loop reentry were identified with sufficient data. In all of these cases, double‐loop reentry was detected and also the zone containing the common isthmus was identified.ConclusionThe proposed criterion can diagnose single‐ and double‐loop reentry atrial tachycardia using intracardiac recordings from any pair of well separated positions. The criterion does not require precise electrode placement or extensive activation mapping.
The effect of spontaneous mutations on competitive ability
Authors: Schaack S. , Allen D. E. , Latta L. C. , Morgan K. K. , Lynch M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of spontaneous mutations on fitness has many theoretical and practical applications in biology. Although mutational effects on individual morphological or life‐history characters have been measured in several classic genetic model systems, there are few estimates of the rate of decline due to mutation for complex fitness traits. Here, we estimate the effects of mutation on competitive ability, an important complex fitness trait, in a model system for ecological and evolutionary genomics, Daphnia. Competition assays were performed to compare fitness between mutation‐accumulation (MA) lines and control lines from eight different genotypes from two populations of Daphnia pulicaria after 30 and 65 generations of mutation accumulation. Our results show a fitness decline among MA lines relative to controls as expected, but highlight the influence of genomic background on this effect. In addition, in some assays, MA lines outperform controls providing insight into the frequency of beneficial mutations.
The Effect of Soy Fiber Addition on the Quality of Fermented Sausages at Low‐Fat Content
Authors: Campagnol Paulo Cezar Bastianello , Dos Santos Bibiana Alves , Wagner Roger , Terra Nelcindo Nascimento , Pollonio Marise Aparecida Rodrigues 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFermented sausages with different levels of fat and soy fiber were manufactured: control (15% fat), FS1 (10% fat and 1% soy fiber) and FS2 (10% fat and 2% soy fiber). During manufacturing, the physicochemical and microbiological parameters were assessed. The final products were submitted to a consumer study, and volatile compounds were extracted by solid‐phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectometry. FS1 and FS2 presented a final fat reduction of nearly 40%. There was no change in the manufacturing process. However, an addition of 2% soy fiber detracted from the sensory quality. Volatile compounds from lipid oxidation were reduced, and volatile compounds from carbohydrate and amino acid catabolism were increased in the modified fermented sausages. To conclude, fermented sausages with healthier characteristics can be produced without quality loss by reducing fat from 15 to 10% and by adding 1% soy fiber.Practical ApplicationsFermented sausages are consumed worldwide, especially in Brazil; it has a significant place in the population's diet. Therefore, the fat reduction in these products provides opportunities for the processing industry to add up healthier consumption appeals. In this study, the use of soy fiber in low‐fat fermented sausages was investigated in order to improve nutritional characteristics without affecting sensory properties.
Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease Detected Using Creatinine and Cystatin C and Death and Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Mexican Americans: The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging
Authors: Peralta Carmen A. , Lee Anne , C. Odden Michelle , Lopez Lenny , Hazzouri Adina Zeki Al , Neuhaus John , Haan Mary N. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesCreatinine, the current clinical standard to detect chronic kidney disease (CKD), is biased by muscle mass, age and race. The authors sought to determine whether cystatin C, an alternative marker of kidney function less biased by these factors, can identify elderly Mexican Americans with CKD who are at high risk for death and cardiovascular disease.DesignLongitudinal, with mean follow‐up of 6.8 years.SettingSacramento Area Latino Study of Aging (SALSA).ParticipantsOne thousand four hundred and thirty five Mexican Americans aged 60 to 101.MeasurementsEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2) was determined according to creatinine (eGFRcreat) and cystatin C (eGFRcys), and participants were classified into four mutually exclusive categories: CKD neither (eGFRcreat ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2; eGFRcys ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2), CKD creatinine only (eGFRcreat <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2; eGFRcys ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2), CKD cystatin only (eGFRcreat ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2; eGFRcys <60), and CKD both (eGFRcreat <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2; GFRcys <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). The associations between each CKD classification and all‐cause death and cardiovascular (CV) death were studied using Cox regression.ResultsAt baseline, mean age was 71 ± 7; 481 (34%) had diabetes mellitus, and 980 (68%) had hypertension. Persons with CKD both had higher risk for all‐cause (HR = 2.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.78–2.98) and CV disease (CVD) (HR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.96–3.86) death than CKD neither after full adjustment. Persons with CKD cystatin C only were also at greater risk of all‐cause (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.37–2.67) and CV (HR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.64–3.99) death than CKD neither. In contrast, persons with CKD creatinine only were not at greater risk for CV death (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.71–2.72) but were at higher risk for all‐cause death (HR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.27–2.98).ConclusionCystatin C may be a useful alternative to creatinine for detecting high risk of death and CVD in elderly Mexican Americans with CKD.
Surveillance for Clostridium Difficile Infection in Nursing Homes
Authors: Mylotte Joseph M. , Russell Sara , Sackett Beth , Vallone Marisa , Antalek Matthew 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo define the time of onset of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in the community nursing home setting.DesignRetrospective.SettingFour community nursing homes.ParticipantsResidents with incident CDI identified from infection control surveillance records.MeasurementsCases were divided into two groups depending on the time of onset of infection: within 30 days of admission after hospitalization or more than 30 days after admission to a nursing home after hospitalization.ResultsOf 75 incident CDI cases, 52 (69%) developed within 30 days of admission and 23 (31%) more than 30 days after admission. Of the 52 cases that developed within 30 days, 68% were in residents admitted for subacute care. The mean number of days ± standard deviation to CDI was 10.5 ± 2.5 in those who developed infection within 30 days; 75% of these cases developed within 15 days of admission.ConclusionsThe majority of CDI in the study nursing homes developed within 30 days of admission; this group may be analogous to community‐onset, hospital‐associated CDI as defined in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance definitions. Therefore, the proposed CDC surveillance definitions may overestimate the incidence of nursing home‐associated CDI.
Disparities in Mental Health Service Use of Racial and Ethnic Minority Elderly Adults
Authors: Jimenez Daniel E. , Cook Ben , Bartels Stephen J. , Alegría Margarita 
Published: December 2012

ObjectivesTo apply the Institute of Medicine definition of healthcare disparities, to measure disparities in different aspects of episodes of mental health care and to identify disparities in types of mental health services used.DesignFour 2‐year longitudinal datasets from Panels 9 to 13 (2004–2009) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys were combined.SettingLarge‐scale surveys of families and individuals and their medical providers across the United States.ParticipantsOne thousand six hundred fifty‐eight participants (981 white, 303 black, and 374 Latino) aged 60 and older with probable mental healthcare needs.MeasurementsMental healthcare need was defined as a Kessler‐6 Scale score >12 and a Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 score >2. Five aspects of mental healthcare episodes were analyzed: treatment initiation, adequacy of care, duration of care, number of visits, and expenditures. Whether episodes of care included only prescription drug fills, only outpatient visits, or both was assessed.ResultsTreatment initiation and adequacy were lower for blacks and Latinos than whites. Latinos experienced episodes of longer duration, more visits, and higher expenditures. Blacks and Latinos had significantly lower rates of episodes that consisted of only medication refills. Blacks had significantly greater rates of episodes with only outpatient care visits. Latinos had significantly higher rates of medication plus outpatient visits.ConclusionLow mental health treatment initiation and poor adequacy suggest the need for culturally appropriate interventions to engage older blacks and Latinos in mental health care. The surprising findings in blacks (higher rates of outpatient care visits) and Latinos (higher rates of medication plus outpatient visits) highlight the complexities of the older adult population and suggest new avenues for disparities research.
The impact of instrumental feeding on children's responses to taste exposure
Authors: Añez E. , Remington A. , Wardle J. , Cooke L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn a recent study, we showed that nonfood incentives combined with taste exposure increase children's acceptance of vegetables. However, the impact of children's previous experience of receiving food rewards is unknown. The present study investigated whether the experience of food rewards affects responses to an exposure‐plus‐reward intervention.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐seven parents of 4–6‐year‐old children taking part in an exposure‐based intervention study completed an instrumental feeding (IF) questionnaire aiming to assess their use of food rewards. Based on these scores, children were categorised as frequently or rarely instrumentally‐fed. Intervention groups were given 12 daily tastes of a target vegetable combined with no reward, a tangible reward, (sticker) or a verbal reward (praise). A no‐treatment control group received no tastings. Liking and intake of a target vegetable were measured at baseline and post‐intervention.ResultsIrrespective of experience of IF, children in all intervention groups increased liking compared to controls (all P < 0.001) and both reward groups increased intake compared to controls (both P < 0.05). However, in the nonrewarded exposure group, only children with a limited experience with food rewards increased consumption (P < 0.05).ConclusionsExperience of IF may limit the benefits of ‘mere exposure’. However, exposure with nonfood rewards can increase the acceptance of vegetables, regardless of previous experience.
Effects of Gold Thioglucose Treatment on Central Corticotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Systems in Mice
Authors: Noguchi T. , Makino S. , Shinahara M. , Nishiyama M. , Hashimoto K. , Terada Y. 
Published: December 2012

Systemic administration of gold thioglucose (GTG) causes a hypothalamic lesion that extends from the ventral part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) to the dorsal part of the arcuate nucleus (ARC), resulting in hyperphagia and obesity in mice. In the present study, we used in situ hybridisation histochemistry to explore the effects of GTG on the central corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) system, which regulates feeding and energy homeostasis. Type 2 CRH receptor (CRHR‐2) mRNA expression decreased by 40% at 8 weeks in the VMH and by 40–60% at 2 and 8 weeks in the ARC after GTG injection. By contrast, CRHR‐2 mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral septum was unchanged. Urocortin (Ucn) 3 mRNA expression in the perifornical area and medial amygdala decreased, whereas CRH mRNA expression in the PVN increased at 2 and 8 weeks after GTG injection. Ucn 1 mRNA expression in the Edingher–Westphal nucleus and Ucn 2 mRNA expression in the PVN were unchanged. Because Ucn 3 is an anorexigenic and a possible endogenous ligand for VMH CRHR‐2, our results suggest that decreased Ucn 3 expression and decreased VMH CRHR‐2 expression contribute, in part, to GTG‐induced hyperphagia and obesity. To determine whether VMH CRHR‐2 mediates the anorexigenic effects of Ucn 3, Ucn 3 was administered i.c.v. and food intake was measured 8 weeks after GTG treatment. Ucn 3 decreased cumulative food intake on days 4–7 after surgery compared to i.c.v. administration of vehicle in control mice. By contrast, the anorexigenic effects of i.c.v. Ucn 3 were abolished in GTG‐treated mice. Taken together, our results indicate that the Ucn 3 pathway, which innervates the VMH, is involved in appetite regulation via CRHR‐2. It remains to be determined whether CRHR‐2 in the ARC has additional roles in appetite regulation by Ucn 3.
Affect Is Greater Than, Not Equal to, Condition: Condition and Person Effects in Affective Priming Paradigms
Authors: Augustine Adam A. , Larsen Randy J. , Elliot Andrew J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAffective primes may impact ensuing behavior through condition and person effects. However, previous research has not experimentally disentangled these two sources of influence in affective priming paradigms. In the current research, we simultaneously examine the influence of condition factors, in terms of prime valence, and person factors, in terms of affect reactivity and personality. In both studies, undergraduate participants (total N = 174) were primed with either positive or negative affective stimuli (words, Study 1; pictures, Study 2) prior to judging the likability of a neutral target (Arabic characters, Study 1; inkblots, Study 2). Although we did observe between‐condition differences for positive and negative primes, person‐level effects were more consistent predictors of target ratings. Affect reactivity (affect Time 2, controlling Time 1) to the primes predicted evaluative judgments, even in the absence of condition effects. In addition, the personality traits of Neuroticism (Study 1) and behavioral inhibition system sensitivity (Study 2) predicted evaluative judgments of neutral targets following negative affective primes. With effects for condition, affect reactivity, and personality, our results suggest that affective primes influence ensuing behaviors through both informational and affective means. Research using affective priming methodologies should take into account both condition and person‐level effects.
Extending total parenteral nutrition hang time in the neonatal intensive care unit: Is it safe and cost effective?
Authors: Balegar V Kiran Kumar , Azeem Mohammad Irfan , Spence Kaye , Badawi Nadia 
Published: December 2012

AimTo investigate the effects of prolonging hang time of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) fluid on central line–associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), TPN‐related cost and nursing workload.MethodsA before–after observational study comparing the practice of hanging TPN bags for 48 h (6 February 2009–5 February 2010) versus 24 h (6 February 2008–5 February 2009) in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit was conducted. The main outcome measures were CLABSI, TPN‐related expenses and nursing workload.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐six infants received 24‐h TPN bags and 124 received 48‐h TPN bags. Median (inter‐quartile range) gestation (37 weeks (33,39) vs. 36 weeks (33,39)), mean (±standard deviation) admission weight of 2442 g (±101) versus 2476 g (±104) and TPN duration (9.7 days (±12.7) vs. 9.9 days (±13.4)) were similar (P > 0.05) between the 24‐ and 48‐h TPN groups. There was no increase in CLABSI with longer hang time (0.8 vs. 0.4 per 1000 line days in the 24‐h vs. 48‐h group; P < 0.05). Annual cost saving using 48‐h TPN was AUD 97 603.00. By using 48‐h TPN, 68.3% of nurses indicated that their workload decreased and 80.5% indicated that time spent changing TPN reduced.ConclusionExtending TPN hang time from 24 to 48 h did not alter CLABSI rate and was associated with a reduced TPN‐related cost and perceived nursing workload. Larger randomised controlled trials are needed to more clearly delineate these effects.
Fatal Haemophilus influenzae type a sepsis in an infant
Authors: Francis Joshua , Anders Marc , Lobegeier Pam , Nourse Clare 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHaemophilus influenzae type a can cause severe sepsis, as demonstrated by the case described. Epidemiology of sepsis in childhood is changing. Regardless of the pathogen involved, management of children with septic shock involves resuscitative measures and empiric antibiotics. The following case of H. influenzae type a sepsis proved fatal in spite of appropriate therapy.
Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents: A new paediatric model of care
Authors: Martin Andrew C , Coakley John , Forbes David A , Sullivan David R , Watts Gerald F 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder affecting more than 8000 children and adolescents throughout Australia. It results in marked elevation in plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from birth that predisposes individuals to premature coronary heart disease in adult life. The majority of children and adolescents with FH are undiagnosed, as symptoms and signs only develop after decades of hypercholesterolaemia. Cascade screening of family members after detecting FH in an index case is an effective approach that allows the diagnosis of FH to be made in the young, before significant atherosclerosis develops. With the availability of effective therapies, mainly statins, paediatricians are ideally placed to improve the outcomes of this disorder by detecting and managing hypercholesterolaemia in childhood, thereby preventing premature coronary artery disease. We describe a new paediatric model of care for FH.
Recurrent fevers
Authors: Isaacs David , Kesson Alison , Lester‐Smith David , Chaitow Jeffrey 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old girl had four episodes of fever in a year, lasting 7–10 days and associated with headache and neck stiffness. She had a long history of recurrent urticaria, usually preceding the fevers. There was also a history of vague pains in her knees and in the small joints of her hands. Her serum C‐reactive protein was moderately raised at 41 g/L (normal <8). Her rheumatologist felt the association of recurrent fevers that lasted 7 or more days with headaches, arthralgia and recurrent urticaria suggested one of the periodic fever syndromes. Genetic testing confirmed she had a gene mutation consistent with one of tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated periodic syndrome.
Body length shrinkage in an endangered amphibian is associated with drought
Authors: Bendik N. F. , Gluesenkamp A. G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractShrinkage in body length, followed by growth, has rarely been documented in vertebrates and has been associated with stressful energetic and environmental conditions. Here, we document reversible shrinkage in an amphibian for the first time. Jollyville Plateau salamanders Eurycea tonkawae are neotenic (attain maturity while retaining an aquatic larval form) and inhabit springs and caves of a dissected aquifer in Travis County, TX, USA. We conducted mark‐recapture surveys on a spring‐dwelling population before and after an exceptional drought in 2008. Use of unique marks and digital photographs of individuals provided precise information on salamander growth rates during and after a period in which salamanders retreated to underground refugia to avoid desiccation during the drought. Tail width decreased significantly during the drought indicating a reduction in energy stores, a consequence of stressful environmental conditions. Unexpectedly, body length shrinkage also occurred during the drought and was followed by positive growth when spring flow resumed. Body length shrinkage could be an adaptation to coping with long periods of low food availability although its long‐term effects are unknown. Given the influence of body size on many ecological and physiological characteristics of organisms, plasticity in body size may have important consequences that go undetected by researchers if shrinkage is ignored.
Trinity and Apologetics In the Theology of St. Augustine
Authors: Cavadini John C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article examines Trinitarian themes in St. Augustine's City of God and in his On the Trinity. It argues that the scope and intention of the latter work can be clarified to some extent by noticing the apologetic commitments entailed in the exposition of the doctrine of the Trinity in the former. It argues against the tendency of some recent scholarship to restrict the intelligibility of the On the Trinity to converted Christians, even as it also defends the irreducibility of the doctrine of the Trinity, in Augustine's thinking, to any doctrine of pagan learning. Without prejudice to recent scholarly clarifications of the polemical origins of some of the arguments in the On the Trinity, the article argues (in effect) that the work is more than the sum of its polemical parts, and is intentionally addressed by Augustine to a wide readership, deliberately unspecified in identity except insofar as they are united as “human beings who are seeking God.” Just as ancient apologetics, including Augustine's, was addressed to a variety of people, pagan and Christian, in various states of conviction and conversion, so the On the Trinity is meant to address many types of readers, at various levels of conversion and understanding, hoping to bring all of them closer to—or to confirm and deepen their participation in—the true worship of the one true God, without which, Augustine believes, no one can ultimately find the God they seek.
Love Between Embodiment and Spirituality: Jean‐Luc Marion and John Paul II on Erotic Love
Authors: Tóth Beáta 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhile theological discourse on love traditionally bifurcates between love as a body‐bound passion and its superior and disembodied spiritual counterpart, a growing number of accounts have recently challenged the traditional division arguing for the fundamental unity of the phenomenon of love. Could such a dichotomy be overcome if one reversed the conventional hierarchy between bodily erotic and intellectual agapeic love and made erotic love between man and woman the fundamental paradigm of all kinds of loves? Could the reversal recuperate the affective aspect that has traditionally been downplayed? An answer to these questions is explored through an imaginary dialogue between Jean‐Luc Marion's phenomenology of one‐way erotic love and John Paul II's theology of embodied love.