bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First discovery of Holocene cryptotephra in Amazonia
Authors: Watson Elizabeth J. , Swindles Graeme T. , Savov Ivan P. , Bacon Karen L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe use of volcanic ash layers for dating and correlation (tephrochronology) is widely applied in the study of past environmental changes. We describe the first cryptotephra (non-visible volcanic ash horizon) to be identified in the Amazon basin, which is tentatively attributed to a source in the Ecuadorian Eastern Cordillera (0–1°S, 78-79°W), some 500-600 km away from our field site in the Peruvian Amazon. Our discovery 1) indicates that the Amazon basin has been subject to volcanic ash fallout during the recent past; 2) highlights the opportunities for using cryptotephras to date palaeoenvironmental records in the Amazon basin and 3) indicates that cryptotephra layers are preserved in a dynamic Amazonian peatland, suggesting that similar layers are likely to be present in other peat sequences that are important for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. The discovery of cryptotephra in an Amazonian peatland provides a baseline for further investigation of Amazonian tephrochronology and the potential impacts of volcanism on vegetation.
Silencing NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase results in reduced acaricide resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)
Authors: Shi Li , Zhang Jiao , Shen Guangmao , Xu Zhifeng , Wei Peng , Zhang Yichao , Xu Qiang , He Lin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are involved in metabolic resistance to insecticides and require NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) to transfer electrons when they catalyze oxidation reactions. The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus is an important pest mite of crop and vegetable plants worldwide and its resistance to acaricides has quickly developed. However, the role of CPR on the formation of acaricide-resistance in T. cinnabarinus is still unclear. In this study, a full-length cDNA encoding CPR was cloned and characterized from T. cinnabarinus (designated TcCPR). TcCPR expression was detectable in all developmental stages of T. cinnabarinus, but it’s much lower in eggs. TcCPR was up-regulated and more inducible with fenpropathrin treatment in the fenpropathrin-resistant (FeR) strain compared with the susceptible SS strain. Feeding of double-strand RNA was effective in silencing the transcription of TcCPR in T. cinnabarinus, which resulted in decreasing the activity of P450s and increasing the susceptibility to fenpropathrin in the FeR strain but not in the susceptible strain. The current results provide first evidence that the down-regulation of TcCPR contributed to an increase of the susceptibility to fenpropathrin in resistant mites. TcCPR could be considered as a novel target for the development of new pesticides.
A load of mice to hypergravity causes AMPKα repression with liver injury, which is overcome by preconditioning loads via Nrf2
Authors: Lee Sang Gil , Lee Chan Gyu , Wu Hong Min , Oh Choong Sik , Chung So Won , Kim Sang Geon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn understanding of the effects of hypergravity on energy homeostasis is necessary in managing proper physiological countermeasures for aerospace missions. This study investigated whether a single or multiple load(s) of mice to hypergravity has an effect on molecules associated with energy metabolism. In the liver, AMPKα level and its signaling were repressed 6 h after a load to +9 Gz hypergravity for 1 h and then gradually returned toward normal. AMPKα level was restored after 3 loads to +9 Gz, suggestive of preconditioning adaptation. In cDNA microarray analyses, 221 genes were differentially expressed by +9 Gz and the down-regulated genes included Nrf2 targets. Nrf2 gene knockout abrogated the recovery of AMPKα elicited by 3 loads to +9 Gz, indicating that Nrf2 plays a role in the adaptive increase of AMPKα. In addition, +9 Gz stress decreased STAT3, FOXO1/3 and CREB levels, which was attenuated during the resting time. Similarly, apoptotic markers were enhanced in the liver, indicating that the liver may be vulnerable to hypergravity stress. Preconditioning loads prevented hepatocyte apoptosis. Overall, a load of mice to +9 Gz hypergravity causes AMPKα repression with liver injury, which may be overcome by multiple loads to hypergravity as mediated by Nrf2.
Right handed chiral superstructures from achiral molecules: self-assembly with a twist
Authors: Anuradha  , La Duong Duc , Al Kobaisi Mohammad , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe induction and development of chiral supramolecular structures from hierarchical self-assembly of achiral compounds is closely related to the evolution of life and the chiral amplification found in nature. Here we show that the combination of achiral tetraphenylethene (TPE) an AIE-active luminophore bearing four long alkyl chains via amide linkage allows the entire process of induction and control of supramolecular chirality into well-defined uniform right-handed twisted superstructures via solvent composition and polarity, i.e. solvophobic effect. We showed that the degree of twist and the pitch of the ribbons can be controlled to one-handed helical structure via solvophobic effects. The twisted superstructure assembly was visualised by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), furthermore, circular dichroism (CD) confirms used to determine controlled right-handed assembly. This controlled assembly of an AIE-active molecule can be of practical value; for example, as templates for helical crystallisation, catalysis and a chiral mechanochromic luminescent superstructure formation.
Optically secured information retrieval using two authenticated phase-only masks
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Chen Wen , Mei Shengtao , Chen Xudong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe propose an algorithm for jointly designing two phase-only masks (POMs) that allow for the encryption and noise-free retrieval of triple images. The images required for optical retrieval are first stored in quick-response (QR) codes for noise-free retrieval and flexible readout. Two sparse POMs are respectively calculated from two different images used as references for authentication based on modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm (GSA) and pixel extraction and are then used as support constraints in a modified double-phase retrieval algorithm (MPRA), together with the above-mentioned QR codes. No visible information about the target images or the reference images can be obtained from each of these authenticated POMs. This approach allows users to authenticate the two POMs used for image reconstruction without visual observation of the reference images. It also allows user to friendly access and readout with mobile devices.
Association study of BCL9 gene polymorphism rs583583 with schizophrenia and negative symptoms in Japanese population
Authors: Kimura Hiroki , Tanaka Satoshi , Kushima Itaru , Koide Takayoshi , Banno Masahiro , Kikuchi Tsutomu , Nakamura Yukako , Shiino Tomoko , Yoshimi Akira , Oya-Ito Tomoko , Xing Jingrui , Wang Chenyao , Takasaki Yuto , Aleksic Branko , Okada Takashi , Ikeda Masashi , Inada Toshiya , Iidaka Tetsuya , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractB-cell CLL/lymphoma 9 (BCL9) is located within the schizophrenia (SCZ) suspected locus chr1q21.1. A recent study reported that a single nucleotide polyphormism (SNP) within BCL9 (rs583583) is associated with negative symptoms of Schizophrenia, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), in the Caucasian population. We therefore investigated genetic association of rs583583 and its effect on negative symptoms in the Japanese patients. For association analysis, we used a Japanese sample set comprising 1089 SCZ and 950 controls (CON). Analysis of the effect of rs586586 on negative symptoms as examined by PANSS was investigated using 280 SCZ. Furthermore, for analysis of cognitive performance, we investigated 90 SCZ and 51 CON using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT-IP) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) Keio version. We did not detect association between rs583583 and SCZ. Furthermore, rs583583 was not associated with PANSS negative scores or with CPT-IT or WCST cognitive tests. Considering the results of our previous study, combined with the results of the current study of rs583583, we argue that BCL9 most likely does not harbor a common genetic variant that can increase the risk for SCZ in the Japanese population.
In vitro toxicity evaluation of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in human SHSY5Y neuronal cells
Authors: Kiliç Gözde , Costa Carla , Fernández-Bertólez Natalia , Pásaro Eduardo , Teixeira João Paulo , Laffon Blanca , Valdiglesias Vanessa 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) have been widely used in biomedical applications, for both diagnosis and therapy, due to their unique magnetic properties. They are intensively explored in neuromedicine mostly because of their ability to cross the blood brain barrier. Hence, their potential harmful effects on neuronal cells need to be carefully assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of silica-coated ION (S-ION) (10–200 μg ml−1) on human neuronal SHSY5Y cells. Alterations in the cell cycle, cell death by apoptosis or necrosis, and membrane integrity were assessed as cytotoxicity parameters. Genotoxicity was determined by a γH2AX assay, a micronucleus (MN) test, and a comet assay. Complementarily, possible effects on DNA damage repair were also analysed by means of a DNA repair competence assay. All analyses were performed in complete and serum-free cell culture media. Iron ion release from the nanoparticles was notable only in complete medium. Despite being effectively internalized by the neuronal cells, S-ION presented in general low cytotoxicity; positive results were only obtained in some assays at the highest concentrations and/or the longest exposure time tested (24 h). Genotoxicity evaluations in serum-free medium were negative for all conditions assayed; in complete medium, dose and time-dependent increase in DNA damage not related to the production of double strand breaks or chromosome loss (according to the results of the γH2AX assay and MN test), was obtained. The presence of serum slightly influenced the behaviour of S-ION; further studies to investigate the formation of a protein corona and its role in nanoparticle toxicity are necessary.
Effect of base sequence context on the conformational heterogeneity of aristolactam-I adducted DNA: structural and energetic insights into sequence-dependent repair and mutagenicity
Authors: Kathuria Preetleen , Sharma Purshotam , Wetmore Stacey D. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are nephrotoxic and potentially carcinogenic plant mutagens that form bulky DNA adducts at the exocyclic amino groups of the purines. The present work utilizes classical molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to investigate the role of lesion site sequence context in dictating the conformational outcomes of DNA containing ALI-N6-dA, the most persistent and mutagenic adduct arising from the AAs. Our calculations reveal that the anti base-displaced intercalated conformer is the lowest energy conformer of damaged DNA in all sequence contexts considered (CXC, CXG, GXC and GXG). However, the experimentally-observed greater mutagenicity of the adduct in the CXG sequence context does not correlate with the relative thermodynamic stability of the adduct in different sequences. Instead, AL-N6-dA adducted DNA is least distorted in the CXG sequence context, which points toward a possible differential repair propensity of the lesion in different sequences. Nevertheless, the structural deviations between adducted DNA with different lesion site sequences are small, and therefore other factors (such as interactions between the adducted DNA and lesion-bypass polymerases during replication) are likely more important for dictating the observed sequence-dependent mutagenicity of ALI-N6-dA.
Converting the bis-FeIV state of the diheme enzyme MauG to Compound I decreases the reorganization energy for electron transfer
Authors: Dow Brian A. , Davidson Victor L. 
Published: October 2015

The electron transfer (ET) properties of two types of high-valent hemes were studied within the same protein matrix; the bis-FeIV state of MauG and the Compound I state of Y294H MauG. The latter is formed as a consequence of mutation of the tyrosine which forms the distal axial ligand of the six-coordinate heme that allows it to stabilize FeIV in the absence of an external ligand. The rates of the ET reaction of each high-valent species with the type I copper protein, amicyanin, were determined at different temperatures and analysed by ET theory. The reaction with bis-FeIV wild-type (WT) MauG exhibited a reorganization energy (λ) that was 0.39 eV greater than that for the reaction of Compound I Y295H MauG. It is concluded that the delocalization of charge over the two hemes in the bis-FeIV state is responsible for the larger λ, relative to the Compound I state in which the FeV equivalent is isolated on one heme. Although the increase in λ decreases the rate of ET, the delocalization of charge decreases the ET distance to its natural substrate protein, thus increasing the ET rate. This describes how proteins can balance different ET properties of complex redox cofactors to optimize each system for its particular ET or catalytic reaction.
Preparation of reminiscent aroma mixture of Japanese soy sauce
Authors: Bonkohara Kaori , Fuji Maiko , Nakao Akito , Igura Noriyuki , Shimoda Mitsuya 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
To prepare an aroma mixture of Japanese soy sauce by fewest components, the aroma concentrate of good sensory attributes was prepared by polyethylene membrane extraction, which could extract only the volatiles with diethyl ether. GC-MS-Olfactometry was done with the aroma concentrate, and 28 odor-active compounds were detected. Application of aroma extract dilution analysis to the separated fraction revealed high flavor dilution factors with respect to acetic acid, 4-hydroxy-2(or5)-ethyl-5(or2)-methyl-3(2H)-furanone (HEMF), 3-methyl-1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol), and 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanal (methional). A model aroma mixture containing above four odorants showed a good similarity with the aroma of the soy sauce itself. Consequently, the reminiscent aroma mixture of soy sauce was prepared in water. The ratio of acetic acid, HEMF, isoamyl alcohol, and methional was 2500:300:100:1.
Combining Dependent P-values with an Empirical Adaptation of Brown’s Method
Authors: Poole William , Gibbs David L. , Shmulevich Ilya , Bernard Brady , Knijnenburg Theo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMotivation:Combining P-values from multiple statistical tests is a common exercise in bioinformatics. However, this procedure is non-trivial for dependent P-values. Here we discuss an empirical adaptation of Brown’s Method (an extension of Fisher’s Method) for combining dependent P-values which is appropriate for the correlated data sets found in high-throughput biological experiments.Results:We show that Fisher’s Method is biased when used on dependent sets of P-values with both simulated data and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). When applied on the same data sets, the Empirical Brown’s Method provides a better null distribution and a more conservative result.Availability:The Empirical Brown’s Method is available in Python, R, and MATLAB and can be obtained fromhttps://github.com/IlyaLab/CombiningDependentPvaluesUsingEBM.1
Y-chromosome structural diversity in the bonobo and chimpanzee lineages
Authors: Oetjens Matthew T. , Shen Feichen , Emery Sarah B. , Zou Zhengting , Kidd Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe male specific regions of primate Y-chromosomes (MSY) are enriched for multi-copy genes highly expressed in the testis. These genes are located in large repetitive sequences arranged as palindromes, inverted-, and tandem-repeats termed amplicons. In humans, these genes have critical roles in male fertility and are essential for the production of sperm. The structure of human and chimpanzee amplicon sequences show remarkable difference relative to the remainder of the genome, a difference that may be the result of intense selective pressure on male fertility. Four populations of common chimpanzees have undergone extended periods of isolation and appear to be in the early process of speciation. A recent study found amplicons enriched for testis-expressed genes on the primate X-chromosome the target of hard selective sweeps, and male-fertility genes on the Y-chromosome may also be the targets of selection. However, little is understood about Y-chromosome amplicon diversity within and across chimpanzee populations. Here, we analyze 9 common chimpanzee (representing three subspecies:Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Pan troglodytes ellioti, andPan troglodytes verus) and two bonobo (Pan paniscus) male whole-genome sequences to assess Y ampliconic copy-number diversity across the Pan genus. We observe that the copy-number of Y chromosome amplicons is variable amongst chimpanzees and bonobos, and identify several lineage-specific patterns, including variable copy-number of azoospermia candidatesRBMYandDAZ. We detect recurrent switchpoints of copy-number change along the ampliconic tracts across chimpanzee populations, which may be the result of localized genome instability or selective forces.
Policies to promote entrepreneurial activity and economic performance
Authors: Castaño-Martínez María-Soledad , Méndez-Picazo María-Teresa , Galindo-Martín Miguel-Ángel 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of some political measures on entrepreneurship to promote economic growth and employment, specifically, R
&
D policies, training, elimination of administrative barriers, access to finance support and promotion of entrepreneurial culture.

Design/methodology/approach
– Seven hypotheses are tested developing a latent variables model with data from 13 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and UK) in 2012, using partial least squares estimation method.

Findings
– Greater expenditure on R
&
D by governments and universities, public investment in education and measures to stimulate entrepreneurial culture have a positive effect on entrepreneurship. Furthermore, countries with complex legal systems which regulate the start-up of an economic activity and where access to credit is complicated, present lower levels of entrepreneurship. Societies with a greater number of innovative entrepreneurs present higher levels of entrepreneurial activity and economic performance. Finally, human capital and entrepreneurial activity positively affect economic performance in the case of the European countries studied in the sample.

Practical implications
– The results obtained in the paper would facilitate the design of measures to stimulate to entrepreneurs and improve economic performance.

Originality/value
– Several factors, qualitative and quantitative, have been considered in the analysis that they have not traditionally included in the analysis of the entrepreneurship behaviour taking into account the role played by the policy makers measures to improve such behaviour.
20 years of performance measurement in sustainable supply chain management – what has been achieved?
Authors: Beske-Janssen Philip , Johnson Matthew Phillip , Schaltegger Stefan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the academic literature on sustainability performance measurement for sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) published over the past 20 years. The development and current state of instruments, concepts and systems to measure and manage sustainability performance are examined and research gaps are identified.Design/methodology/approach– A systematic literature review is conducted spanning two decades of publications in peer-reviewed academic journals. The publications are analyzed with regard to frequency and bibliometrical metrics and research content.Findings– The research examines the development of the field over 20 years, which has witnessed a steep rise in related publications only for the past five years, indicating a late interest in the area compared to other sustainability topics. Social performance measures entered the discussion particularly late, whereas economic and environmental measurement almost exclusively dominated the field for the first few years.Research limitations/implications– The authors identify research gaps and discuss future directions for research. The analysis shows how the research area develops from a topic dealt with by a small group of interested researchers into a broader research field acknowledged in the scientific community.Practical implications– Findings underline the importance of measuring performance for sustainability management of supply chains. The review identifies what measurement and management tools are discussed in the literature over time.Originality/value– This is the first literature review on sustainability performance measurement for SSCM summarizing the development over the time span of 20 years.