bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premenstrual syndrome among medical versus non-medical workers and its association with work-related quality of life
Authors: Mahmoud Nesma A. , Frere Noha O. , Zaitoun Nahla A. , Zaitoun Mai M. , Elshamy Raghda A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a commonly underestimated disorder that negatively impacts a woman’s life. Medical workers, who live a more stressful life, may report an increased rate of PMS. Studies on the relationship between PMS and work-related quality of life for medical professionals are scarce, particularly in the Arab world. This study aimed to compare the frequency of PMS among medical versus non-medical workers at Zagazig University and to assess the association between PMS and their work-related quality of life.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample population consisted of 48 medical and 48 non-medical female workers aged 18–45 years from Zagazig University. The two groups filled out a questionnaire with 3 parts: sociodemographic and occupational data, the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), and the Work-Related Quality of Life Scale (WRQL).

Results
Severe PMS was reported in 45.8% of medical workers versus 20.8% of non-medical workers with a statistically significant difference between both groups (p = 0.009). Binary logistic regression showed that being a medical worker, clinical specialty, ≥ 8 years of work, ≥ 24 working hours per week, and having a non-set hourly schedule were predictors for severe PMS. PMS was found to be a statistically significant predictor of poor WRQL (p < 0.001). There was a highly significant negative correlation between the PMS score and the WRQL score (r =  − 0.302, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Among medical workers, PMS is more common and more severe, and WRQL is worse and negatively correlated with PMS. We suggest further studies with larger samples to prove this association and planning for public health programs to screen for and manage PMS among medical workers in our community.
Dairy farmer, engagement and understanding of One Health and antimicrobial resistance - a pilot survey from the lower north island of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Arden Kurt , Rosanowski Sarah M. , Laven Richard A , Mueller Kristina R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires a multidisciplinary One Health approach, which necessitates buy-in from all stakeholders. In Aotearoa New Zealand, where the dairy industry is one of the largest users of antimicrobials, there are ongoing efforts to optimise antimicrobial usage (AMU) to minimise the development of AMR. These include regulations around the veterinary authorisation of the use of antibiotics by farmers without the need for a specific prescription (“the RVM process”) and programmes such as the New Zealand Veterinary Association’s antibiotic ‘Traffic Light System’. The goal of this pilot survey was to develop and trial a questionnaire to determine how much Aotearoa dairy farmers understand about One Health, AMR, the RVM process and how their actions regarding AMU affect the wider environment.

Methods
A 55-question semi-structured questionnaire was piloted on 15 dairy farms in the Lower North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand via an in-person semi-structured interview between September and November 2021.

Results
None of the interviewed farmers could define the term One Health. However, the majority found the RVM process to be of use on their farm, although admitted they generally felt frustration regarding AMR, seeing it as a blockage to productivity, and lacked awareness regarding how their actions were related to its development. Of the farmers interviewed over half had not heard of the traffic light system, and of those who had, one admitted they refused to adhere to it.

Conclusions
This survey’s novel findings have highlighted that there are notable gaps within dairy farmer understanding of AMU, AMR and One Health as well as highlighting that veterinarians could do more to keep their clients informed of their important role within One Health. There is still a lot more work to do with regards to vets, farmers and industry representatives working together to embrace One Health. Simple solutions would be to encourage farmers returning unused drugs to their veterinarians for correct disposal and to actively engage farmers further regarding AMU and AMR, so that these end-product users do not feel disconnected from the process.
Superamphiphilic aerogels with 2D lamellar structure of gelatin-tuned 3D supramolecular network of collagen fibers for high-performance separation of surfactant-stabilized emulsified oily wastewater
Authors: Liu Honglian , Xiao Hanzhong , Hao Baicun , Zheng Wan , Wang Yujia , Huang Xin , Shi Bi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSuperwetting aerogel is a promising alternative for the remediation of emulsified oily wastewater for its high porosity combined with extreme wettability enabled high separation performances to emulsion wastewater. However, it remains challenging for superwetting aerogels to accomplish high-performance dual separation to surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions with high stability. Herein, an environmentally benign superamphiphilic composite aerogel was prepared by a green synthesis route that relied on the utilization of natural amphiphilic biomass. Collagen fibers (CFs) were utilized to construct the three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular skeleton of aerogel to provide high storage capacity of water/oil and outstanding capillary effect to boost the mass transfer. The two-dimensional (2D) lamellar structure of gelatin (Gel) was further grown on the skeleton of CFs aerogel to play the role for simultaneously enhanced demulsifying capability and spreading of emulsions. The as-prepared superamphiphilic aerogel enabled the separation of highly stable surfactant-stabilized O/W and W/O emulsions with high separation efficiency and flux. Excellent recycling performances and anti-fouling performance were also confirmed. Our investigations therefore demonstrated that the structural engineering of superamphiphilic aerogel is a promising way to realize high-performance dual separation of surfactant-stabilized O/W and W/O emulsion wastewater.
Graphical Abstract
OCD in children: phenomenology, impairment, and psychiatric co-morbidity—an experience from Kashmir
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Hussain Syed Karrar , Wani Zaid Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Obsessions are recurrent ego-dystonic thoughts, images, or urges followed by compulsion to reduce them. The phenomenology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) along with comorbidities is essential for understanding treatment response. This study aimed to assess phenomenology, impairment, and psychiatric co-morbidity associated with OCD in children and adolescents.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study was done among 36 patients suffering from OCD. Socio-demographic and clinical details were collected with the application of Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for severity of illness, Children’s Global Assessment Scale for impairment assessment, and Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version for comorbidity.

Result
Thirty-six patients, comprising 20 male and 16 female subjects, with a mean age ± SD of 11 ± 3.4 years and a mean duration of illness of 12.30 months, were included in the study. A positive family history was noted in 30.6% of subjects. Mean C-YBOCS score was 24.44 (moderate to severe OCD) and the mean C-GAS score was 47.86, with 55.6% of subjects suffering from other comorbidities. Fear of contamination with washing and cleaning was among the most common themes in the population. Data was analyzed and presented as mean ± SD, frequencies, and percentages.

Conclusion
Considering the increased prevalence of OCD in children and adolescent populations, a thorough symptom evaluation and any co-morbidities related to OCD should be considered by clinicians.
Metabolic syndrome among Egyptian children with Familial Mediterranean Fever: a case–control study
Authors: Atef Shimaa , Marzouk Huda , El-khity Mariam Mahmoud , Abu Shady Hend Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most prevalent inherited autoinflammatory disease globally. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated risk factors; insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are the main constituents of MetS.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate components of metabolic syndrome among Egyptian children with FMF during the attack-free period.

Patients and methods
This is a case–control study that was conducted in the Pediatric Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic and Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic, Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. It was conducted on 40 patients with FMF. The patients included were of both sexes and aged 10 years or older, during the FMF attack-free period; they were compared to 40 apparently healthy age- and sex-matched children as controls. All subjects in this study were subjected to detailed history taking, anthropometric measurements, general and systemic examinations. Laboratory evaluation (at the time of the study) was done at time of study, in the form of CBC with differential, BUN, creatinine, ESR, serum amyloid A, urine analysis, serum insulin, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile. FMF gene mutations were collected from patients’ files.

Results
The mean ± SD age of FMF patients was 12.65 ± 1.82 (10–17) years, while the mean ± SD age of the control group was 12.6 ± 1.82 (10–16) years. Among FMF patients, 50% were males, and 50% were females (F:M = 1:1), while in the control group, 47.5% were females, and 52.5% were males. All FMF patients were during the attack-free period. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding insulin resistance, being more frequent among the FMF patients’ group, with a p-value of 0.025.

Conclusion
None of our FMF patients met the criteria for the definition of metabolic syndrome, but there was a significant difference between cases and control regarding insulin resistance with higher frequency among FMF patients, probably due to the ongoing subclinical inflammation. This indicates that children with FMF may be at a higher risk of getting metabolic syndrome later on in life.
The contribution of stakeholder engagement to cultural significance assessment: the case of values-based conservation management planning for the Ocean Swimming Pool, Portugal
Authors: Cunha Ferreira Teresa , Freitas Pedro Murilo , Frigolett Constanza , Mendonça Hugo , Silva Ana Tarrafa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Values-based approaches are among the best practices for management and conservation planning. However, cultural significance assessments (of the attributes and values of cultural heritage) have generally been performed by experts (top-down) instead of including expert and nonexpert communities (top-down and bottom-up).

Objectives
This paper presents a multitechnique approach in which different strategies are applied to assess the perceptions of cultural significance held by several actors (users, managers, staff, experts, children, students, virtual community) within the framework of the Keeping It Modern Grant awarded by the Getty Foundation (2020–2023) for the Ocean Swimming Pool (1960–1966) designed by Álvaro Siza in Matosinhos, Portugal.

Method
Interviews, surveys, social media analysis, and workshops with children, students, and experts were adopted for the method, and, whenever possible, the ‘Imagine Ballarat’ Love, Change and Imagine questions were utilised as a resourceful instrument for assessing the significance attributed by multiple stakeholders.

Results
Based on the results, stakeholders’ opinions and values regarding the heritage site could be compared, which revealed the relationship between the values and the groups of actors, thereby deepening the complexity of heritage sites as National Monuments.

Conclusion
By using this integrated perspective, we could define the cultural significance of a modern heritage site through an inclusive methodology while also establishing the grounds for conservation policies within a more broadly participative management of change.
Influence of aging on opioid dosing for perioperative pain management: a focus on pharmacokinetics
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe older population continues to grow in all countries, and surgeons are encountering older patients more frequently. The management of postoperative pain in older patients can be a difficult task. Opioids are the mainstay of perioperative pain control. This paper assesses some pharmacokinetic age-related aspects and their relationship with the use of opioids in the perioperative period. Changes in body composition and organ function, and pharmacokinetics in older patients, as well as characteristics of opioids commonly used in the perioperative period are described. Specific problems, dose titration, and patient-controlled analgesia in the elderly are also reviewed. Opioids can be safety used in perioperative period, even in the elderly. The choice of drugs and doses can be individualized according to the surgery, opioid pharmacokinetics, comorbidities, and routes of administration.
Expanding molecular diagnostic coverage for tuberculosis by combining computer-aided chest radiography and sputum specimen pooling: a modeling study from four high-burden countries
Authors: Codlin Andrew James , Vo Luan Nguyen Quang , Garg Tushar , Banu Sayera , Ahmed Shahriar , John Stephen , Abdulkarim Suraj , Muyoyeta Monde , Sanjase Nsala , Wingfield Tom , Iem Vibol , Squire Bertie , Creswell Jacob 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2022, fewer than half of persons with tuberculosis (TB) had access to molecular diagnostic tests for TB due to their high costs. Studies have found that the use of artificial intelligence (AI) software for chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation and sputum specimen pooling can each reduce the cost of testing. We modeled the combination of both strategies to estimate potential savings in consumables that could be used to expand access to molecular diagnostics.

Methods
We obtained Xpert testing and positivity data segmented into deciles by AI probability scores for TB from the community- and healthcare facility-based active case finding conducted in Bangladesh, Nigeria, Viet Nam, and Zambia. AI scores in the model were based on CAD4TB version 7 (Zambia) and qXR (all other countries). We modeled four ordinal screening and testing approaches involving AI-aided CXR interpretation to indicate individual and pooled testing. Setting a false negative rate of 5%, for each approach we calculated additional and cumulative savings over the baseline of universal Xpert testing, as well as the theoretical expansion in diagnostic coverage.

Results
In each country, the optimal screening and testing approach was to use AI to rule out testing in deciles with low AI scores and to guide pooled vs individual testing in persons with moderate and high AI scores, respectively. This approach yielded cumulative savings in Xpert tests over baseline ranging from 50.8% in Zambia to 57.5% in Nigeria and 61.5% in Bangladesh and Viet Nam. Using these savings, diagnostic coverage theoretically could be expanded by 34% to 160% across the different approaches and countries.

Conclusions
Using AI software data generated during CXR interpretation to inform a differentiated pooled testing strategy may optimize TB diagnostic test use, and could extend molecular tests to more people who need them. The optimal AI thresholds and pooled testing strategy varied across countries, which suggests that bespoke screening and testing approaches may be needed for differing populations and settings.
How Are FOMO and Nomophobia Linked to Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among University Students?
Authors: Alhaj Hamid , Muthana Abdelraouf , Abdalla Asia , Marouf Menna , Awad Nisreen 
Published: August 2024

AimsNomophobia, defined as the fear of being without one's mobile phone, and FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) are on the rise and are thought to be linked to increased mental health problems. In the information era, being separated from smartphones may cause anxiety, while the expectation of continuous updates on social media may increase feelings of inadequacy and distress when comparing one's life with selected highlights of others. The extent of nomophobia and FOMO in the Middle East and whether these experiences are associated with psychiatric disorders are yet to be ascertained. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of nomophobia and FOMO among university students in the UAE and the relationship between these phenomena and depression, anxiety and stress levels.Methods232 female and 103 male undergraduate students in four Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, and Ajman) took part in the study. An online questionnaire was developed and piloted. Nomophobia and FOMO were measured using validated questionnaires, namely NMP-Q and FoMOs. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using the DASS-21 scale. Data were analysed using SPSS 22. Significance level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe data revealed that 28.6% of respondents exhibited severe, 47.7% moderate, and 23.7% mild nomophobia symptoms. 52.5% of participants reported moderate to extreme fear that others have more rewarding experiences than them, with the median FoMO score being (25.62). Higher nomophobia, stress, anxiety, and depression levels correlated with elevated FOMO scores (p < 0.001). Variations in FOMO scores were noted across university, gender, and college. Strong associations existed between severe nomophobia and heightened stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.001). The findings underscored contextual influences on nomophobia intensity among diverse individuals.ConclusionThe study identified a high prevalence of nomophobia and FOMO among UAE university students. Significant correlations were observed between these digital-related fears and mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and stress. Our results delineate the necessity for exploring and implementing interventions that address smartphone-related phobias to safeguard the mental well-being of UAE university students, considering their unique cultural context.
The Neurobiology of Depression, Burnout and Resilience Among Healthcare Students
Authors: Alhaj Hamid , Al Midani Abdul Rahman , Alkokhardi Zainab , Abu Helwa Rashid , Al Moukdad Almuzaffar 
Published: August 2024

AimsAdapting to academic and social demands may be challenging for university students. Healthcare students are thought to be at high risk of burnout and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) due to the demands of their training and emotional toll of caring for patients. This risk extends well into physician years, suggesting the persistence of an abnormal psychological state developed during training years. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms, burnout, and resilience in healthcare students, examine their correlation with salivary cortisol levels, and assess how these factors change during examination periods.MethodsThis longitudinal study investigated the mental health and salivary cortisol levels of medical, dental, or health science students in the UAE at two distinct periods, at the start of the academic semester, and within one week of the examination period. A total of 147 students (51% females) were included, and their demographics and education variables, including cumulative GPA (cGPA), were assessed. Depression, resilience, and burnout scores were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Nicholson-McBride Resilience questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student-Survey, respectively. Participants who met the criteria for MDD were identified. Time-dependent cortisol levels were modelled using functional data analysis and standardised cortisol levels were calculated. Data analysis was done using mixed effect models in R 4.1.2.ResultsAmong participants, 12.2% screened positive for MDD at the beginning of the semester, increasing to 16.6% during the examination period. Depression scores were higher during the examination period (p = 0.011). Female gender was significantly associated with higher levels of depression (median difference = 3.00; p < 0.001) and burnout but lower levels of resilience (mean difference = 3.27; p < 0.001). cGPA below 75% (p = 0.009) and history of mental illness (p = 0.015) were associated with increased levels of depression. High cortisol responders (z-value > 1) developed higher depression scores (p = 0.033) compared with low cortisol responders (z-value < −1). Participants with higher resilience were less likely to develop depression and burnout (p < 0.003).ConclusionThis study shows relatively high levels of depression among healthcare students in the UAE, particularly in females, students with history of mental illness, students with low cGPA, and students with high cortisol levels. Efforts to promote culturally appropriate resilience skills need to be developed to reduce distress and depression in this population.
Understanding Perceptions of Mental Health Practitioners on Care and Treatment Reviews (CTRs)
Authors: Amiola Ayomipo , Chester Verity , Purandare Kiran , Shankar Rohit , Alexander Regi 
Published: August 2024

AimsNHS England's ‘Transforming Care’ initiative introduced care and treatment reviews (CTRs) for adults with intellectual disabilities and/or autism to avoid inpatient admissions, improve inpatient care quality and support timely discharge. CTRs are completed by an independent panel including an expert by experience, a clinician, and the commissioner. Since 2015, thousands of CTRs have been carried out. In a survey of ID psychiatrists involved in CTRs, many felt that discharge planning was limited by a lack of appropriate community placements. Proposed changes to the Mental Health Act indicate that CTRs should become statutory.Our aim was to obtain the views of professionals working in intellectual disability services on the proposed reforms to the Mental Health Act and CTRs.MethodsA mixed methods 34-item questionnaire exploring views of professionals working in ID services (n = 66) on the CTR process, their perception on its usefulness and the proposal to make CTR recommendations statutory. Survey shared with ID MDT professionals working in the UK. Of the respondents, 30% were psychiatrists, 29% psychologists and 21% nurses, with average length of mental health service of 18.2 years. More than 80% work in the NHS and most worked either in inpatient or forensic units.ResultsAlthough in 80% of CTRs attended, patients have a current risk assessment and management plan, in less than 10% of CTRs attended were people ready for discharge and had a current discharge plan. In terms of CTR actions, 70% of the time, patients were receiving the right care, over 60% of the time, care was person centred, person's health needs are met and 50% of the time key areas of concerns were covered. In less than 40% of CTRs were the person's rights always upheld, family or carers always involved, medications being used appropriately or were there clear, safe and positive approaches to risk. Reasons for delayed discharges included no placement options (68%), no placement profile or community needs assessment (24%), placement funding disputes (23%), no agreed social care responsibility (18%) and no agreed community clinical care responsibility (18%). Only 7% of respondents felt CTRs were always useful, 44% felt they were sometimes useful and 23% often useful. Professionals had mixed views about whether CTRs should become statutory/enforceable (45%) versus those who did not (48%).ConclusionThis is a survey with a relatively representative sample of MDT professionals involved in CTRs. It gives insight into the typical CTR process, duration, and professionals involved. It summarises the opinions of clinicians towards CTRs and their views on proposed changes.