bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why it is Possible to Reveal, Recognize, and Assess Creep Stage in Operating High Energy Piping by Quantitative Acoustic Emission Method
Authors: Finkel V. , Lezvinsky L. , Muravin G. , Muravin B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Theoretical and experimental investigations, including fracture tests, acoustic emission (AE) studies, fractography, micro-sclerometric analyses, and spectral/chemical analyses of specimens, have established the possibility of revealing, recognizing in-service acquired, age-related, and prefabricated flaws based solely on AE data. Results show a linear dependence between AE and mechanical deformation power of steel specimens in original and creep stage 3a-3b conditions, decreasing fracture load and J1c value for aging steel, creep processes at stage 3a-3b having J-integral value below 0.05J1c, possibility of assessing and distinguishing different flaw development stages with ≥87% accuracy, revealing zones of tough and brittle fracture, and recognizing inclusions/pre-fabricated flaws and assessing individual/interacting flaws. Experiments confirmed the absence of the Kaiser effect under repeated loading of flawed specimens and demonstrated using AE for defect revelation. Analysis showed that creep-associated AE is mainly continuous, with repeated loading decreasing burst AE contribution during plastic deformation development.
Microstructure Characterization of Advanced Boiler Materials for Ultra Supercritical Coal Power Plants
Authors: Wu Quanyan , Shingledecker John P. , Swindeman Robert W. , Vasudevan Vijay K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The goal of improving the efficiency of pulverized coal power plants has been pursued for decades. The need for greater efficiency and reduced environmental impact is pushing utilities to ultra supercritical conditions (USC), i.e. steam conditions of 760°C and 35 MPa. The long-term creep strength and environmental resistance requirements imposed by these conditions are clearly beyond the capacity of the currently used ferritic steels and other related alloys. Consequently, new materials based on austenitic stainless steels and nickel-base superalloys are being evaluated as candidate materials for these applications. In the present work, the nickel-base superalloys CCA617, Haynes 230 and Inconel 740, and an austenitic stainless steel Super З04H, were evaluated. The materials were aged for different lengths of time at temperatures relevant to USC applications and the corresponding microstructural changes were characterized by x-ray diffraction, optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with particular attention being given to the structure, morphology and compositions of phases (including γ, γ’, carbides, ordered phases, etc.) and the nature, density and distribution of dislocations and other defects. The results are presented and discussed in light of accompanying changes in microhardness.
Electrochemical Corrosion Rate Probes for High-Temperature Energy Applications
Authors: Covino B.S. , Bullard S.J. , Cramer S.D. , Holcomb G.R. , Ziomek-Moroz M. , Eden D.A. , Cayard M.S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High-temperature corrosion occurs in different sections of energy production plants due to a number of factors: ash deposition, coal impurities, thermal gradients, and low NOx conditions, among others. High-temperature electrochemical corrosion rate (ECR) probes are rarely used at the present time, but if they were more fully understood, corrosion could become a process variable at the control of plant operators. Research is being conducted to understand the effects of probe composition, ash composition, environment chemistry, and measurement technique on the accuracy, response, and longevity of electrochemical corrosion rate probes. The primary goal is to understand when ECR probes accurately measure corrosion rates and when they are simply qualitative indicators of changes in the corrosion processes. Research to date has shown that ECR probe corrosion rates and corrosion rates from mass loss coupons agree within a factor of 2. This good agreement was found to depend on the composition of the sensors, with the best results coming from more highly alloyed materials such as 316L stainless steel and poorer results from carbon steel sensors. Factors being considered to help explain the good or poor agreement between mass loss and ECR probe corrosion rates are: values selected for the Stern-Geary constant, the effect of internal corrosion, and the presence of conductive corrosion scales and ash deposits.
Applicability of Ni-Based Welding Consumables for Boiler Tubes and Pipings in the Temperature Range up to 720°C
Authors: Heinemann J. , Helmrich A. , Husemann R.-U. , Maile K. , Klenk A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Investigations on welded joints made from a modified parent material and welding consumables are described. Tubes and pipes with typical dimensions have been welded using different welding processes and consumables (GTAW, SAW, SMAW, modified filler metals). The influence of melting loss and chemical composition of the consumables on the weld performance was studied. Short-term tensile and long-term creep tests on cross weld specimens were carried out in order to evaluate strength. The results obtained so far show that the properties of the welded joints are rather optimistic, it could be assumed that the modified Alloy 617 and the welding consumables used will meet the requirements for use in a plant operated at ultra critical steam conditions with live steam temperatures up to 720°C and pressure up to 300 bar. This allows for first practical applications in test loops of plants. These applications including the Welding Procedure Qualifications are described.
P91 Pipe Welding Breakthrough
Authors: Patrick C. W. , Ferguson T. E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A major cost contributor of P91 pipe welding is the vital requirement of ensuring proper protection of the root or first pass of the weld from oxidation through the use of an inert gas blanket, i.e. backing gas. The necessity for oxidation protection negatively impacts the cost of both weld set-up and the actual welding process of P91 pipe fabrication. In an effort to decrease the associated costs of welding P91, Fluor Corporation has invested in significant research and extensive field-testing to develop the wire/gas mixture that contributes to the breakthrough in welding P91 with “No Backing Gas (NBG)”. Combining this novel technique with the semiautomatic GMAW-S (using inverter technology with a controlled transfer) eliminates all cost associated with the need to provide a backing gas, including installation of purge dams, backing gas, and man-hours associated with implementing these activities.
Suppression of Type IV Failure in High-B Low-N 9Cr-3W-3Co-NbV Steel Welded Joint
Authors: Kondo M. , Tabuchi M. , Tsukamoto S. , Yin F. , Abe F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the creep rupture strength and microstructure evolution in welded joints of high-boron, low-nitrogen 9Cr steels developed by NIMS. The welds were fabricated using the GTAW process and Inconel-type filler metal on steel plates with varying boron content (47-180 ppm). Creep rupture tests were conducted at 923K for up to 10,000 hours. Despite their higher boron content, these steels exhibited good weldability. Welded joints of the boron steel displayed superior creep properties compared to conventional high-chromium ferritic steel welds like P92 and P122. Notably, no Type IV failures were observed during creep testing. Welding introduced a large-grained microstructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) heated to the austenite transformation temperature (Ac3 HAZ). This contrasts with the grain refinement observed in the same region of conventional heat-resistant steel welds. Interestingly, the grain size in this large microstructure was nearly identical to that of the base metal. Analysis of the simulated Ac3 HAZ revealed crystal orientation distributions almost identical to those of the original specimen. This suggests a regeneration of the original austenite structure during the alpha-to-gamma phase transformation. Simulated Ac3 HAZ structures of the boron steel achieved creep life nearly equivalent to the base metal. The suppression of Type IV failure and improved creep resistance in welded joints of the boron steels are likely attributed to the large-grained HAZ microstructures and stabilization of M23C6 precipitates. The optimal boron content for achieving the best creep resistance in welded joints appears to lie between 90 and 130 ppm, combined with minimized nitrogen content.
Microstructural Modelling for Creep Strength Prediction in Ferritic Steels
Authors: Faulkner Roy G. , Yin You Fa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
New Monte Carlo models have recently been developed to predict microstructural evolution in steels and aluminum alloys during heat treatment and high-temperature service. These models can control precipitate type and size distribution, distinguishing between pure lattice and grain boundaries. Consequently, they can forecast the precipitate size distribution within grains and on grain boundaries as a function of time. This paper describes the model validation for ferritic Fe-9Cr P92 steels. The model provides new information over a range of time intervals adding up to the total plant lifetime in an ultra-supercritical plant. This information can be incorporated into continuum damage mechanics models for predicting creep rate and stress rupture life. The paper discusses how this technique is used as a materials development tool to forecast necessary compositional modifications for improving creep properties in ferritic steels.
Optimization of Cr Content for Long-Term Creep Strength in High Cr Heat Resistant Steel
Authors: Miki Kazuhiro , Azuma Tsukasa , Tanaka Yasuhiko , Ishiguro Toru , Hashizume Ryokichi , Murata Yoshinori , Morinaga Masahiko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effect of Cr content on the creep strength at 650°C was examined with high Cr heat resistant steels for the USC high-temperature rotor shafts. The amount of Cr was varied from 8.5% to 11.5%, and then, the alloying effect of Cr was investigated on the stability of the precipitates at 650°C. Within the present range of the Cr content, the short-term creep rupture life under the higher applied stress increased with the Cr content in the steels, whereas the long-term creep rupture life under the lower applied stress decreased with the Cr content in the steels. For example, under the applied stress of 98MPa, the 9%Cr steel exhibited the longest creep rupture life among the experimental steels. Also, it was found from the experiment using the extracted residues that the degree of solution strengthening and the sorts of precipitates scarcely changed regardless of the Cr content in the steels. The Laves phase precipitated finely in the lath was enlarged in the 11.5%Cr steel even after a short-term creep. This result indicates that the coarsening of precipitates such as the Laves phase promotes the recovery of the lath in the early stage of creep deformation. It was suggested that 9%Cr is desirable content in the ferritic steel for suppressing the degradation of creep strength in 98MPa at 650°C.
Improvement in Creep Strength and Impact Toughness of High Cr Heat Resistant Steel based on Ferrite Matrix
Authors: Toda Y. , Kushima H. , Abe F. , Kimura K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Effects of Ni content and heat treatment condition on impact toughness and creep strength of precipitation strengthened 15Cr ferritic steels were investigated in order to discuss a possibility of improvement in both mechanical properties. Both creep strength and impact toughness of the developing steels were improved drastically by solid solution treatment with water quenching. However, an addition of Ni reduced the long-term creep strength of the steels, though Ni was effective in improvement in impact toughness. It was found that water quenching suppressed formation of coarse block type particles and precipitate free zones around them, and precipitation of plate type fine particles and thermal stability of them within ferrite phase were promoted by solid solution treatment with water quenching. However, martensite phase with sparsely distributed coarse block type particles were formed in the Ni added steels, and such microstructure reduced the precipitation strengthening effect slightly. On the other hand, increase in impact values of the steel indicated no relation to volume fraction of martensite phase. It was supposed that the impact toughness of ferrite phase itself was improved by solid solution treatment and addition of Ni.
High-Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Behavior of a Modified 9Cr-1Mo Ferritic Steel
Authors: Nagesha A. , Valsan M. , Srinivasan V.S. , Bhanu Sankara Rao K. , Mannan S.L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the low cycle fatigue (LCF) and creep-fatigue properties of a hot-forged, normalized, and tempered 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel. This steel offers good performance in high-temperature applications (up to 873K) in power plants and reactors. The steel was forged into 70 mm diameter rods and then heat-treated with normalizing (1313K for 1 hour, air cooling) and tempering (1033K for 1 hour, air cooling). LCF tests were conducted at 300-873K with varying strain amplitudes and strain rates to understand the influence of both factors. Additionally, some specimens were aged at different temperatures for 10,000 hours before testing. Finally, creep-fatigue interaction tests were performed at 823K and 873K using tensile hold times ranging from 1 to 30 minutes.
Improvement of Creep Strength of Heat-Resistant Martensitic/Ferritic 12%Cr Steels
Authors: Knezevic V. , Sauthoff G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study explores methods to enhance the creep strength of 12%Cr martensitic/ferritic steels. The approach focuses on utilizing various precipitates to hinder microstructure coarsening and dislocation movement. A combination of Laves phase (slow precipitation) and MX carbonitrides (dislocation pinning) is used for sustained strengthening. Different MX-forming elements (V, Ta, Ti) are investigated to identify the optimal combination for high quantities of finely distributed strengthening particles. Additionally, cobalt and copper are employed to promote a fully martensitic microstructure and potentially slow down diffusion or provide nucleation sites for Laves phase precipitation. Long-term creep tests confirm the effectiveness of Laves phase precipitation, particularly with tungsten present. Tantalum's influence on both MX precipitation and the Laves phase is also observed. Combining multiple MX-forming elements (V/Ta, V/Ti, Ta/Ti) further improves creep strength, supported by predictions of high MX carbonitride formation from Thermo-Calc calculations. Partially replacing cobalt with copper (1%) also demonstrates positive effects on creep properties.
Coarse Size BN Type Inclusions formed in Boron Bearing High Cr Ferritic Heat Resistant Steel
Authors: Sakuraya K. , Okada H. , Abe F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the behavior of boron nitride (BN) inclusions in high-chromium ferritic heat-resistant steels like P92 and P122. Boron is added to improve creep resistance, but its role is not fully understood. Here, the formation and dissolution of BN inclusions during high-temperature heat treatment were examined. Microscopic analysis revealed coarse BN inclusions (2-5 μm) alongside smaller alumina inclusions. Annealing experiments showed that these BN inclusions only dissolved at temperatures exceeding 1200°C, suggesting they form during casting or forging processes below 1150°C. Chemical analysis identified a critical boron and nitrogen concentration threshold (below 0.001% B and 0.015% N) for BN inclusion formation.
Studi Kasus Penggunaan Art therapy bagi Peserta Didik dengan Kesulitan Mengendalikan Emosi
Authors: Putri Amallia , Halida Halida 
Published: July 2024

In general, this study aims to help counselees control negative emotions that can harm themselves and their environment. Emotional stability in adolescents is a valuable achievement in this phase. The provision of counseling guidance services can help students who experience inability to control their emotions in a better direction. The specific target to be achieved in this study is to explore more deeply how individual counseling services work using art therapy techniques. With this, it can be known what causes, impacts and efforts can be given to train and control negative emotions in a positive direction so that they can be accepted in the environment. The form of research is a case study with descriptive methods. The data collection techniques used are non-test techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed positive changes in students in the form of ability to overcome problems and reduced emotional outbursts that were seen analyzing each meeting. The suggestion for further research is to pay intensive attention in guiding and paying attention to the development of case subjects. ____________________________________________________________________Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membantu konseli mengontrol emosi negatif yang dapat merugikan diri maupun lingkungannya. Kestabilan emosi pada remaja merupakan pencapaian berharga pada fase ini. Pemberian layanan bimbingan konseling dapat membantu peserta didik yang mengalami ketidakmampuan dalam mengontrol emosinya ke arah yang lebih baik. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah menggali lebih dalam cara kerja layanan konseling individu menggunakan teknik art therapy. Dengan ini dapat diketahui apa penyebab, dampak serta upaya yang bisa diberikan untuk melatih dan mengontrol emosi negatif ke arah positif agar dapat diterima di lingkunagn. Bentuk penelitian ialah studi kasus dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni teknik non tes berupa wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan positif pada peserta didik berupa kemampuan mengatasi masalah dan berkurangnya luapan emosi yang terlihat analisa setiap pertemuan. Adapun saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah memberikan perhatian yang intensif dalam membimbing dan memperhatikan perkembangan subjek kasus.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN KEUANGAN, SIKAP KEUANGAN DAN KEPRIBADIAN TERHADAP PERILAKU MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PADA PELAKU UMKM PETERNAKAN AYAM PETELUR KABUPATEN SIDRAP
Authors: Darmawan Darmawan , Muhtasar Sri Rezky Handayani , Ahmad Abduhrauf  
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujan mengetahui apakah pengaruh pengetahuan keuangan, sikap keuangan dan kepribadian secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi perilaku manajemen keuangan pada pelaku UMKM peternakan ayam petelur Kab.Sidrap secara parsial. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 746 UMKM Peternakan Ras Petelur, digunakan sebanyak 120 UMKM Peternakan Ras Petelur sebagai sampel pada penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik survey dengan cara menyebar kuesioner. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis linear berganda yang diolah dengan menggunakan bantuan Software SPSS 26.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan keuangan, sikap keuangan dan kepribadian berpengaruh terhadap perilaku manajemen keuangan pada pelaku UMKM Peternakan Ayam Petelur Kab. Sidrap. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan keuangan, sikap keuangan dan kepribadian berpengaruh secara parsial dan simultan terhadap perilaku manajemen keuangan pada pelaku UMKM Peternakan Ayam Petelur Kab. Sidrap
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA BANK BRI KC WATANSOPPENG
Authors: Nurkhazanah Nurkhazanah , Haeruddin M.Ikhwan Maulana , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin 
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui:(1) Pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank BRI KC Watansoppeng. (2) Pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank BRI KC Watansoppeng. (3) Pengaruh motivasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank BRI KC Watansoppeng. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah karyawan Bank BRI KC Watansoppeng. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 40 orang karyawan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel motivasi kerja (X1) berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank BRI KC Watansoppeng, ini berdasarkan dari hasil uji parsial (t) dengan t hitung 2,375 sedangkan t tabel 1,57 dan angka signifikan sebesar 0,023 < 0,05 sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Dari hasil pengujian variabel disiplin kerja (X2) menunjukkan bahwa disiplin berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank BRI KC Watansoppeng,ini berdasarkan dari hasil uji parsial (t) hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil uji parsial (t) dengan thitung 3,413 sedangkan t tabel sebesar 1,57 dan angka signifikan sebesar 0,002 < 0,05 sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Selanjutnya pengujian kinerja karyawan (Y) berdasarkan hasil pengujian simultan uji F nilai f hitung yang diperoleh 101,615 dan nilai t tabel 3,17 dan nilai sig. 0,000. Karena nilai 0,000 <0,05 (5%) maka dapat disimpulkan variabel motivasi kerja dan disiplin kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Bank BRI KC Watansoppeng.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. BANK MEGA KCP. PINRANG
Authors: Santi Santi , Khaeruddin Khaeruddin , Sudirman Sudirman 
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan PT. Bank Mega KCP. Pinrang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pegawai tetap dari PT. Bank Mega sebanyak 14 responden. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 3 buah variable yaitu Kompensasi Finansial, kompensasi non-fnansial dan kepuasan kerja karyawan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode sampling jenuh (metode sensus). Pada proses pengumpulan data peneliti melakukan observasi, wawancara dan memberikan kuesioner kepada responden. Berdasarkan hasil uji Estimate For Path Coefficients atau uji Hipotesis yang dilakukan menunjukkan bawah kompensasi finansial berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada PT. Bank Mega KCP. Pinrang memiliki hasil uji hipotesis kompensasi finansial sebesar 0,019 < 0,05 yang artinya hipotesis diterima., adapun hasil uji hipotesis dari kompensasi non-finansial sebesar 0,033 < 0,05 yang artinya hipotesis tersebut berpengeruh positif dan dapt diterima. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompensasi finansial dan kompensasi non-finansial berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT. Bank Mega KCP. Pinrang
Aplikasi Ekstraksi Data Kartu Vaksin Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode Ocr
Authors: Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Hasim Askar 
Published: July 2024

Pada era globalisasi saat ini teknologi semakin canggih bahkan dapat mengambil suatu informasi pada objek gambar yang ditentukan. Serverless pada dasarnya memungkinkan kita untuk menjalankan baris kode tanpa harus memiliki sebuah server. kini dengan adanya teknologi serverless pengembangan piranti lunak dapat melakukan deployment secara lanagsung tanpa harus menyewa atau memiliki server pada penyedia layanan cloud. OCR adalah sekumpulan teknik dan proses yang digunakan dalam mengekstrak informasi karakter yang terdapat pada citra digital. Seiring berjalannya waktu dokumen fisik dapat secara langsung diproses oleh komputer melalui perangkat scanner. Scanner mentranformasikan sinyal analog dari dokumen menjadi data digital seperti layaknya kamera, dengan memanfaatkan internet penulisan ilmiah ini akan dibuat sebuah penampil hasil ekstraksi Kartu Vaksin yang dapat mengekstrak suatu gambar menjadi teks dengan sebuah objek Kartu Vaksin dan ditampilkan pada sebuah website sederhana, maka jenis penelitian yang akan dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu membuat sistem Aplikasi Ekstraksi Data Kartu Vaksin Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode OCR.