bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of biobased copolyesters based on pentanediol: (2) Poly(pentylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)
Authors: Aboukeila Hesham , Singh Onkar , Klier John , Huber George W. , Grady Brian P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTraditionally, most flexible food packaging is made of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) which cannot easily be recycled, nor will it degrade in a reasonable timescale. In this work, a biobased biodegradable polyester alternative was investigated as a possible replacement for LLDPE. High molecular weight poly (pentylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) with a 40/60 adipic acid/terephthalic acid mole ratio was synthesized using direct esterification and polycondensation. Glycerol and hexane‐1,2,5,6‐tetrol were added as branching agents to better match the structure of the LLDPE which in turn might help the ability of these materials in film‐blowing. Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the copolyesters were thoroughly investigated. All copolyesters had a weight‐average molecular weight of over 140,000 g/mol, which is necessary for proper rheology, and were thermally stable up to 350°C. The addition of branching agents led to a slight decrease in crystallinity, d‐spacing, melting temperature, enthalpy of melting, stress at break, and elongation at break. However, an increase in Young's modulus and complex viscosity at high frequency were observed compared to PPeAT60 without branching agent added. Although the improved crystallinity and mechanical properties of the copolyesters made them viable for film‐blowing, the slow crystallization rate creates a major challenge.Highlights
Linear and branched poly(pentylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PPeAT) synthesized.
Properties compared to commercial poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT).
Glass and melting temperatures comparable to commercial PBAT.
Extensional and shear viscosity comparable to commercial PBAT.
PPeAT stiffness is factor of 2 higher than PBAT; ultimate properties similar.
Approach to the patient with Childhood Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease
Authors: Fiorino Elizabeth K. , Fishman Martha P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChildhood Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease (chILD) encompasses a group of rare, chronic lung disorders in infants and children with overlapping clinical features but diverse etiologies. The clinical presentation of chILD is of chronic or recurring respiratory signs and symptoms, often including increased work of breathing and hypoxia, with diffuse radiographic abnormalities on chest imaging. Recognition can be challenging since some clinical features overlap with those of more common pediatric respiratory diseases including asthma and recurrent viral infections, among others. chILD should be considered as an underlying diagnosis when a patient's respiratory symptoms seem disproportionate to the clinical scenario and/or persist. The diagnostic process involves multiple steps and is tailored to the individual patient. Nearly all children will undergo imaging and pulmonary function testing, many will undergo bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, many will receive genetic testing, and some will require lung biopsy. Treatment includes preventive care, evaluation for comorbidities, pharmacotherapy according to diagnosis, and ongoing disease surveillance, including revisiting genetic and histopathologic results as new clinical information becomes available and as our understanding of these rare disorders improves. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with chILD.
Feasibility of synchronized high flow nasal cannula
Authors: Matlock David N. , Beck Jennifer , Lu Cong , Wang Danqiong , Winningham Victoria L. , Courtney Sherry E. , Sinderby Christer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundA high‐flow nasal cannula (cHFNC) delivers flow continuously (during inspiration and expiration). Using the diaphragm electrical activity (Edi), synchronizing HFNC could be an alternative (cycling high/low flow on inspiration/expiration, respectively). The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of synchronized HFNC (sHFNC) and compare it to cHFNC.MethodsDifferent levels of cHFNC and sHFNC (4, 6, 8, and 10 liters per minute [LPM], with 2 LPM on expiration for sHFNC) were compared in eight rabbits (mean weight 3.16 kg), before and after acute lung injury (pre‐ALI and post‐ALI). Edi, tracheal pressure (Ptr), esophageal pressure (Pes), flow, and arterial CO2 were measured. In addition to the animal study, one 3.52 kg infant received sHFNC and cHFNC using a Servo‐U ventilator.ResultsIn the animal study, there were more pronounced decreases in Edi, reduced Pes swings and reduced PaCO2 at comparable flows during sHFNC compared to cHFNC both pre and post‐ALI (p < .05). Baseline (pre‐inspiratory) Ptr was 2−7 cmH2O greater during cHFNC (p < .05) indicating more dynamic hyperinflation. In one infant, the ventilator performed as expected, delivering Edi‐synchronized high/low flow.ConclusionSynchronizing high flow unloaded breathing, decreased Edi, and reduced PaCO2 in an animal model and is feasible in infants.
Self‐triggered adaptive neural control for USVs with sensor measurement sensitivity under deception attacks
Authors: Wu Chen , Zhu Guibing , Liu Yongchao , Li Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the control problem of unmanned surface vessels with sensor measurement sensitivity under deception attacks, and proposes a novel self‐triggered adaptive neural control scheme under the backstepping design framework. To solve the control design problem of unknown time‐varying gains caused by deception attacks and measurement sensitivity in kinematic and kinetic channels, the parameter adaptive and neural network technology are involved. In addition, to decrease actuator wear caused by the high‐frequency wave and sensor measurement sensitivity and reduce the computational burden caused by continuous monitoring of the triggered condition, a self‐triggered mechanism is constructed in the controller–actuator channel. Finally, a self‐triggered adaptive neural control solution is proposed, which can guarantee that all signals in the whole closed‐loop system are bounded by theoretical analysis. The effectiveness and superiority are verified by numerical simulations.
How do organizational conditions inform teachers’ equity self‐efficacy and implementation during professional development?
Authors: Hayes Kathryn N. , Gladstone Jessica R. , Toven‐Lindsey Brit , Bae Christine L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper is part of the special issue on Teacher Learning and Practice within Organizational Contexts. Shifting instructional practices in elementary schools to include more equitable, reform‐based pedagogies is imperative for supporting students’ development as science learners. Teachers need high quality professional development (PD) to learn such practices, but research shows considerable variability in the extent to which teachers implement instructional practices learned during PD. Individual teacher characteristics such as self‐efficacy may influence teacher learning during PD, but only account for part of the variability. The organizational conditions of teachers’ schools and districts may also play a key role in teachers’ implementation of new instructional practices. However, because systematic research in this area in science education is still nascent, it is difficult for districts and PD providers to address organizational barriers to professional learning. To meet this need, we conducted an explanatory mixed‐methods study using surveys (N = 54) and interviews (N = 19) of elementary teachers engaged in equity‐focused, reform‐based science PD, testing the degree to which a conceptually framed set of organizational conditions predicted teacher equity self‐efficacy and instructional practice alignment. Out of the 11 organizational conditions, only teacher professional impact and their sense of autonomy in their instructional practice explained variance in the outcomes. Qualitative findings showed these relationships to be iterative and recursive, rather than linear. Our findings underscore the essential role of teacher professionalism and sense of agency over commonly cited organizational conditions such as materials and labs in supporting teachers to implement more equitable science instructional practices during PD.
A Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of γ‐Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity and its Application in Garlic
Authors: Ding Leyuan , Wu Xiaoming , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA fluorescent probe (probe 1) was developed for detection the activity of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Probe 1 could recognize GGT by the enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide bond by GGT. There has a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity of probe 1 at 416 nm and the activity of GGT, and the detection limit of GGT activity was 0.0796 U/mL. And the color of the probe solution gradually changed from light blue to bright yellow with the increase of GGT activity under 365 nm ultraviolet light. Importantly, the activity of GGT was linearly related to the photo of the probe solution with B/(R+G) value. Probe 1 could detect GGT activity by smartphone without professional equipment. Furthermore, the probe has been successfully applied to detect of GGT activity in garlic.
Naringin Induces ROS‐Stimulated G1 Cell‐Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Chen Chan‐Hung , Tien Ni , Yao Chun‐Hsu , Chen Siang‐Jyun , Bau Da‐Tian , Pandey Sudhir , Yang Hsin‐Ling , Hseu You‐Cheng , Chen Shih‐Shun , Lin Meng‐Liang 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTNaringin, a bioflavonoid compound from grapefruit or citrus, exerts anticancer activities on cervical, thyroid, colon, brain, liver, lung, thyroid, and breast cancers. The present investigation addressed exploring the anticancer effects of naringin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Naringin exhibits a cytotoxic effect on NPC‐TW 039 and NPC‐TW 076 cells with IC50 372/328 and 394/307 μM for 24 or 48 h, respectively, while causing little toxicity toward normal gingival epithelial (SG) cells (>500/500 μM). We established that naringin triggered G1 arrest is achieved by suppressing cyclin D1, cyclin A, and CDK2, and upregulating p21 protein in NPC cells. Exposure of NPC cells to naringin caused a series of events leading to apoptosis including morphology change (cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing) and chromatin condensation. Annexin V and PI staining indicated that naringin treatment promotes necrosis and late apoptosis in NPC cells. DiOC6 staining showed a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential by naringin treatment, which was followed with cytochrome c release, Apaf‐1/caspase‐9/‐3 activation, PARP cleavage, and EndoG expression in NPC cells. Naringin upregulated proapoptotic Bax and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl‐xL expression, and dysregulated Bax/Bcl‐xL ratio in NPC cells. Notably, naringin enhanced death receptor‐related t‐Bid expression. Furthermore, an increased Ca2+ release by naringin treatment which instigated endoplasmic reticulum stress‐associated apoptosis through increased IRE1, ATF‐6, GRP78, GADD153, and caspase‐12 expression in NPC cells. In addition, naringin triggers ROS production, and inhibition of naringin‐induced ROS generation by antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine resulted in the prevention of G1 arrest and apoptosis in NPC cells. Naringin‐induced ROS‐mediated G1 arrest and mitochondrial‐, death receptor‐, and endoplasmic reticulum stress–mediated apoptosis may be a promising strategy for treating NPC.
Propofol and medetomidine intravenous anaesthesia for transvenous electrical cardioversion in horses
Authors: Smith Kieran , Raisis Anthea , Moreno‐Martinez Fernando 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAtrial fibrillation is a common tachyarrhythmia in racing horses associated with decreased performance. Transvenous electrical cardioversion is the preferred treatment for atrial fibrillation in those horses where medical therapy is either unsuccessful or unacceptable. Transvenous electrical cardioversion's main drawback is the necessity for general anaesthesia. This case series documents the details of three horses that were managed for sustained atrial fibrillation via transvenous electrical cardioversion procedures. In each case, the anaesthesia was maintained with the use of propofol and medetomidine intravenous infusions, which has not been previously reported for use in horses undergoing transvenous electrical cardioversion. Two of the horses were successfully converted without significant complications. One horse was unable to be converted after nine defibrillation attempts; however, anaesthesia was stable in all horses despite the concurrent use of antiarrhythmic drugs. No animal required inotropic support. Propofol‐based protocols were safely utilised for three anaesthetics for transvenous electrical cardioversion with encouraging cardiovascular stability.
The precedent of defensive medicine practice among physicians with a glance at the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lashin Heba I. , Abu‐Elenin Mira M. , Elshora Ahmed A. , Elsharkawy Ahmed E. , Ghonem Mona M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe practice of defensive medicine is highly evident with the purpose of the legal self‐interest of physicians. It might be widely increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic to avoid lawsuits, especially in the absence of specific effective treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the practice of defensive medicine among the Egyptian physicians, and to identify the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on malpractice suits. An electronic survey link was sent to the sampled physicians working at Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University Hospitals. It included personal information, two questions measuring the physicians' perceptions about defensive medicine, Defensive Medicine Behavior Scale (DMBS) and eight questions evaluating physicians' concerns in terms of the COVID‐19 pandemic effects. The study enrolled 1074 physicians; 78.5% of them didn't possess sufficient knowledge about defensive medicine. About 73% of participants practiced defensive medicine more after the COVID‐19 pandemic, and 68.2% demonstrated increasing concerns about malpractice suits after the emergence of COVID‐19. DMBS was statistically significant high among surgical specialties physicians and those who spent less duration in the field of their expertise. There is a need to legislate a malpractice law to control the precedent increase of defensive medicine practice in Egypt. This will help to control the prevalence of defensive medicine practice, improve the quality of care, and reduce healthcare costs.
Robin and zero‐mass diffusion analysis for radiated unsteady flow of Maxwell nanofluid due to porous stretched regime: Analytical simulations
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Khan Sami Ullah , Bibi Qudsia , Taj Muhammad , Tlili Iskander , Butt Faisal Mehmood 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOwing to the multidisciplinary applications of nanomaterials, a wide range of research has been conducted on this topic recently. The aim of current research is to analyze the enhancement of heat transfer due to the unsteady flow of Maxwell nanofluid associated with the zero mass thermal constraints. The applications of the radiated phenomenon and magnetic force are contributed to the current flow problem. The analysis is subject to the implementation of Robin and zero‐mass diffusion constraints. A bidirectional moving porous surface endorsed the flow. The appropriate variables are taken for simplifying the system. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to compute the solution procedure. The obtained results are confirmed with already performed studies. It has been observed that the temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions decrease for higher unsteady parameter values.
Sprachentwicklung bei Frühgeborenen
Authors: Holzinger Daniel , Fellinger Johannes 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungFrühgeborene Kinder zeigen über alle Teilgruppen hinweg eine deutlich erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten von Problemen der Sprach- und Kommunikationsentwicklung. Diese betreffen sowohl expressive als auch rezeptive Sprachfertigkeiten, die Anwendung von Sprache in der sozialen Kommunikation und auch die Lesekompetenz. Die zumeist komplexe Konstellation der Korrelate von Sprachenwicklungsproblemen umfasst einerseits neurologische und auditorische sowie andererseits sozioökonomische Faktoren und dysfunktionale Eltern-Kind-Kommunikation. Einschränkungen der Sprachentwicklung haben häufig negative Effekte auf das Lernen, soziale Beziehungen und die psychische Gesundheit. Die Stabilität von Sprachentwicklungsproblemen ist bereits ab dem frühen Kleinkindalter hoch. Demnach sind die frühe Erkennung und kontinuierliche Kontrolle sprachlich-kommunikativer Fertigkeiten entscheidende Komponenten von Nachsorgeprogrammen. Präventive Intervention vor und nach der Entlassung aus der Klinik ist effektiv, wenn sie die Entwicklung responsiver Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen und das Wohlbefinden der Eltern kontinuierlich unterstützt.
Embracing liberatory alienation:AI will end us, but not in the way you may think
Authors: Sidorkin Alexander M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces the concept of "liberatory alienation" to explore the complex relationship between technological
advancement, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), and human essence. Building upon and critiquing Marx's theory of
alienation, we argue that the externalization of human abilities through technology, while potentially disorienting, can
ultimately lead to societal liberation and a redefined conception of humanity. The paper examines how AI and automation
are reshaping our understanding of labor, skills, and human nature, challenging traditional notions of what it means to be
human.We propose that as AI increasingly takes over both manual and routine cognitive tasks, humans are liberated to focus on
uniquely human qualities such as creativity, agency, and the capacity for joy. This transformation is likened to an
evolutionary process, where humans shed layers of false humanity tied to productive labor, revealing a more authentic
core. The implications of this shift for education are discussed, advocating for a fundamental reassessment of educational
priorities to cultivate these essential human qualities.The paper also addresses potential challenges, including the environmental impact of AI development and the need for
human control over AI systems. By reframing alienation as a potentially liberating force, this work contributes to ongoing
debates about the future of work, human identity, and the role of technology in society, offering a nuanced perspective on
how we might navigate the profound changes brought about by AI and automation.
Readability of Patient-Facing Information of Antibiotics Used in the WHO Short 6-Month and 9-Month All Oral Treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Moore John E. , Millar Beverley C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Readability of patient-facing information of oral antibiotics detailed in the WHO all oral short (6 months, 9 months) has not been described to date. The aim of this study was therefore to examine (i) how readable patient-facing TB antibiotic information is compared to readability reference standards and (ii) if there are differences in readability between high-incidence countries versus low-incidence countries.

Methods
Ten antibiotics, including bedaquiline, clofazimine, ethambutol, ethionamide, isoniazid, levofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, pretomanid, pyrazinamide, were investigated. TB antibiotic information sources were examined, consisting of 85 Patient Information Leaflets (PILs) and 40 antibiotic web resouces. Of these 85 PILs, 72 were taken from the National Medicines Regulator from six countries (3 TB high-incidence [Rwanda, Malaysia, South Africa] + 3 TB low-incidence [UK, Ireland, Malta] countries). Readability data was grouped into three categories, including (i) high TB-incidence countries (n = 33 information sources), (ii) low TB-incidence countries (n = 39 information sources) and (iii) web information (n = 53). Readability was calculated using Readable software, to obtain four readability scores [(i) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), (ii) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), (iii) Gunning Fog Index and (iv) SMOG Index], as well as two text metrics [words/sentence, syllables/word].

Results
Mean readability scores of patient-facing TB antibiotic information for FRE and FKGL, were 47.4 ± 12.6 (sd) (target ≥ 60) and 9.2 ± 2.0 (target ≤ 8.0), respectively. There was no significant difference in readability between low incidence countries and web resources, but there was significantly poorer readability associated with PILs from high incidence countries versus low incidence countries (FRE; p = 0.0056: FKGL; p = 0.0095).

Conclusions
Readability of TB antibiotic PILs is poor. Improving readability of PILs should be an important objective when preparing patient-facing written materials, thereby improving patient health/treatment literacy.
Longitudinal evaluation of polyneuropathy in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kwon Eun Hae , Bieber Antonia , Schülken Paula , Müller Katharina , Kühn Eva , Averdunk Paulina , Kools Saskia , Hilker Lovis , Kirchgässler András , Ebner Lea , Ortmann Louisa , Basner Louisa , Steininger Julia , Kleinz Teresa , Motte Jeremias , Fisse Anna Lena , Schneider-Gold Christiane , Gold Ralf , Scherbaum Raphael , Muhlack Siegfried , Tönges Lars , Pitarokoili Kalliopi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence indicates a higher prevalence of polyneuropathy (PNP) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the involvement of large fiber neuropathy in PD still remains poorly understood. Given the lack of longitudinal data, we investigated the course of PNP associated with PD.

Methods
In total, 41 PD patients underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation including motor and non-motor assessments as well as nerve conduction studies at baseline and at 2 years of follow-up. The definition of PNP was based on electrophysiological standard criteria. Common causes of PNP were excluded.

Results
At baseline, PNP was diagnosed in 65.85% of PD patients via electroneurography. Patients with PNP presented with higher age (p = 0.019) and PD motor symptom severity (UPDRS III; p < 0.001). Over the course of 2 years, PNP deteriorated in 21.95% of cases, and 26.83% remained without PNP. Deterioration of nerve amplitude was most prevalent in the median sensory nerve affecting 57.58% of all PD cases with an overall reduction of median sensory nerve amplitude of 45.0%. With regard to PD phenotype, PNP progression was observed in 33.33% of the tremor dominant and 23.81% of the postural instability/gait difficulties subtype. Decrease of sural nerve amplitude correlated with lower quality of life (PDQ-39, p = 0.037) and worse cognitive status at baseline (MoCA, p = 0.042).

Conclusion
The study confirms the high PNP rate in PD, and demonstrates a significant electrophysiological progression also involving nerves of the upper extremities. Longitudinal studies with larger cohorts are urgently needed and should elucidate the link between PD and PNP with the underlying pathomechanisms.