bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peano Corto and Peano Basso: A Study of Local Induction in the Context of Weak Theories
Authors: Visser Albert 
Published: February 2014

In this paper we study local induction w.r.t. Σ1‐formulas over the weak arithmetic . The local induction scheme, which was introduced in , says roughly this: for any virtual class that is progressive, i.e., is closed under zero and successor, and for any non‐empty virtual class that is definable by a Σ1‐formula without parameters, the intersection of and is non‐empty. In other words, we have, for all Σ1‐sentences S, that S implies , whenever is progressive. Since, in the weak context, we have (at least) two definitions of Σ1, we obtain two minimal theories of local induction w.r.t. Σ1‐formulas, which we call Peano Corto and Peano Basso.In the paper we give careful definitions of Peano Corto and Peano Basso. We establish their naturalness both by giving a model theoretic characterization and by providing an equivalent formulation in terms of a sentential reflection scheme.The theories Peano Corto and Peano Basso occupy a salient place among the sequential theories on the boundary between weak and strong theories. They bring together a powerful collection of principles that is locally interpretable in . Moreover, they have an important role as examples of various phenomena in the metamathematics of arithmetical (and, more generally, sequential) theories. We illustrate this by studying their behavior w.r.t. interpretability, model interpretability and local interpretability. In many ways the theories are more like Peano arithmetic or Zermelo Fraenkel set theory, than like finitely axiomatized theories as Elementary Arithmetic, and . On the one hand, Peano Corto and Peano Basso are very weak: they are locally cut‐interpretable in . On the other hand, they behave as if they were strong: they are not contained in any consistent finitely axiomatized arithmetical theory, however strong. Moreover, they extend , the theory of parameter‐free Π1‐induction.
Preparation of Multilayered Polymeric Structures Using a Novel Four‐Needle Coaxial Electrohydrodynamic Device
Authors: Labbaf Sheyda , Ghanbar Hanif , Stride Eleanor , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: February 2014

Coaxial four‐needle electrohydrodynamic forming is applied for the first time to prepare layered structures in both particle and fiber form. Four different biocompatible polymers, polyethylene glycol, poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid), polycaprolactone, and polymethylsilsesquioxane, are used to generate four distinct layers confirmed using transmission and scanning electron microscopy combined with focused ion beam milling. The incorporation and release of different dyes within the polymeric system of four layers are demonstrated, something that is much desired in modern applications such as the polypill where multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients can be combined to treat numerous diseases.
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Aziridine Termination of Living Anionic Polymerization
Authors: Thomi Laura , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: February 2014

A switch from carbanions to aza‐anions is performed by the addition of N‐tosylaziridine (TAz) to living poly(styryl) (PS) chains. This is the first example of carbanionic aziridine ring‐opening which was previously activated by amidation with a tosyl group to enable nucleophilic ring‐opening by the living chain end. Poly(styrene)‐tosylaziridines (PS‐TAz) with narrow molecular weight distributions and variable molecular weights are synthesized. The removal of the tosyl group and subsequent functionalization is shown, evidencing quantitative transfer to azaanionic species. All polymers are characterized in detail by 1H NMR spectroscopy, DOSY 1H NMR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This strategy allows the introduction of amine groups via anionic polymerization in analogy to the well‐established epoxide termination.
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Polymer Nanoparticles Based on Pyrene‐Functionalized Poly(acrylic acid) for Controlled Release under Photo and pH Stimulation
Authors: Feng Ning , Dong Jie , Han Guoxiang , Wang Guojie 
Published: February 2014

A novel photo and pH‐responsive amphiphilic pyrene‐functionalized polymer is synthesized by the esterification reaction between poly(acryloyl chloride) and pyrenemethanol and subsequent hydrolysis of the unreacted acylchloride groups. This random copolymer consists of hydrophobic pyrene‐containing acrylate units and hydrophilic acrylic acid units, which can self‐assemble into nanoparticles in water. Under UV irradiation, the nanoparticles can be disrupted with decreasing particle number resulted from the photolysis of pyrenylmethyl esters, where the hydrophobic segments are converted to hydrophilic acrylic acids; at low pH, the acrylic acid segments are protonated and collapsed, thus the nanoparticles will be shrunk and aggregated; at high pH, the nanoparticles change to fractal structures owing to the aggregation of partially dissociated nanoparticles and the subsequent structural reorganization of the clusters. The controlled release of Nile Red from the nanoparticles stimulated by photo and pH separately and synergistically is demonstrated. The nanoparticles self‐assembled from the dual‐stimuli‐sensitive polymer can be used as a new nanocarrier and find their applications in delivery system.
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Poly(methyl vinyl ether‐alt‐maleic acid)‐Functionalized Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Enhanced Stability and Cellular Internalization
Authors: Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Almeida Patrick V. , Mäkilä Ermei , Correia Alexandra , Ferreira Mónica P. A. , Kaasalainen Martti , Salonen Jarno , Hirvonen Jouni , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: February 2014

Currently, developing a stable nanocarrier with high cellular internalization and low toxicity is a key bottleneck in nanomedicine. Here, we have developed a successful method to covalently conjugate poly(methyl vinyl ether‐co‐maleic acid) (PMVE‐MA) copolymer on the surface of (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane‐functionalized thermally carbonized porous silicon nanoparticles (APSTCPSi NPs), forming a surface negatively charged nanovehicle with unique properties. This polymer conjugated NPs could modify surface smoothness, charge, and hydrophilicity of the developed NPs, leading to considerable improvement in the colloidal and plasma stabilities via enhanced suspensibility and charge repulsion. Furthermore, despite the surface negative charge of the polymer‐conjugated NPs, the cellular internalization was increased in both MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. These results provide a proof‐of‐concept evidence that such polymer‐based PSi nanocomposite can be extensively used as a promising candidate for intracellular drug delivery.
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Airflow‐Field‐Induced Sandwich‐Type Membrane of Block Copolymer for Selective Ion Separation
Authors: Shan Feng , Lu Xuemin , Guan Junfang , Lu Qinghua , Feng Xingliang 
Published: February 2014

A simple and effective airflow method to prepare sandwich‐type block copolymer films is reported. The films are composed of three layers: vertically oriented nanocylinders align in both upper and bottom layers and irregular nanocylinders exist in the bulk of the film. The vertically oriented nanocylinders in both sides can provide high accessibility to ions and ensures the exchange of chemical species between the membrane and external environment, while the irregularly oriented nanocylinders in the middle part of the film can prolong the pathway of ions transportation and enhance ions selectivity.
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Global large solutions to incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations with gravity
Authors: Peng Weimin , Zhou Yi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this per, we consider a special class of initial data for the three‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with gravity. We show that, under such conditions, the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations with gravity are globally well posed, and the velocity minus gravity term has finite energy. The important features of the initial data is that the velocity fields minus gravity term are almost parallel to the corresponding vorticity fields in a very large space domain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe obesity, heart disease, and death among white, african american, and hispanic postmenopausal women
Authors: McTigue Kathleen M. , Chang Yue‐Fang , Eaton Charles , Garcia Lorena , Johnson Karen C. , Lewis Cora E. , Liu Simin , Mackey Rachel H. , Robinson Jennifer , Rosal Milagros C. , Snetselaar Linda , Valoski Alice , Kuller Lewis H. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo compare mortality, nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD), and congestive heart failure (CHF) risk across BMI categories in white, African American, and Hispanic women, with a focus on severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40), and examine heterogeneity in weight‐related CHD risk.MethodsAmong 156,775 Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trial participants (September 1993‐12 September 2005), multivariable Cox models estimated relative risk for mortality, CHD, and CHF. CHD incidence was calculated by anthropometry, race, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF).ResultsMortality, nonfatal CHD, and CHF incidence generally rose with BMI category. For severe obesity versus normal BMI, hazard ratios (HRs, 95% confidence interval) for mortality were 1.97 (1.77‐2.20) in white, 1.55 (1.20‐2.00) in African American, and 2.59 (1.55‐4.31) in Hispanic women; for CHD, HRs were 2.05 (1.80‐2.35), 2.24 (1.57‐3.19), and 2.95 (1.60‐5.41) respectively; for CHF, HRs were 5.01 (4.33‐5.80), 3.60 (2.30‐5.62), and 6.05 (2.49‐14.69). CVRF variation resulted in substantial variation in CHD rates across BMI categories, even in severe obesity. CHD incidence was similar by race/ethnicity when differences in BMI or CVRF were accounted for.ConclusionsSevere obesity increases mortality, nonfatal CHD, and CHF risk in women of diverse race/ethnicity. CVRF heterogeneity contributes to variation in CHD incidence even in severe obesity.
An Unusual Case of Flecainide‐induced QT Prolongation Leading to Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Oguayo Kevin N. , Oyetayo Ola O. , Costa Steven M. , Mixon Timothy A. 
Published: February 2014

Flecainide is recommended as a first‐line antiarrhythmic drug to maintain normal sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have structurally normal hearts or hypertension without left ventricular hypertrophy. Flecainide is a sodium channel blocker with minimal effects expected on ventricular repolarization. We describe the case of a 32‐year‐old man with a structurally normal heart and persistent AF who was started on diltiazem and flecainide 50 mg twice/day approximately a year prior to presentation. Due to persistent and bothersome symptoms, his dose was increased to 150 mg twice/day, which was associated with a progressive lengthening of his corrected QT interval. On the day of presentation, he underwent an exercise test as part of his job requirements. While running, he felt lightheaded and experienced a syncopal event and cardiac arrest. An automated external defibrillator was available that displayed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. The patient was successfully resuscitated. Although rare, this case suggests that flecainide can induce QT prolongation leading to torsades de pointes. Clinicians should be aware and consider periodic evaluations with electrocardiograms.
Improvement in semipermeable membrane performance of wholly aromatic polyamide through an additive processing strategy
Authors: Aiba Motohiro , Tokuyama Takahiro , Baba Susumu , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Tomioka Hiroki , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA new concept for the method to provide semipermeability in ultrathin and single‐component wholly aromatic polyamide membranes has been developed for the first time. It was found that water molecules could permeate through the membrane prepared not from polyamides containing flexible ether, bulky binaphthyl, or fluorene rigid units, but one with carboxylic acid groups under a reverse osmosis mode. However, the enhancement of water transport properties by introducing the hydrophilic group of polyamide was not substantial. Therefore, polyamide membranes were prepared from the solution containing aqueous additives in order to weaken hydrogen bonds between polymer chains and thereby to suppress the aggregation of the polymer chains. As a result, water flux was dramatically improved with slightly improved NaCl rejection. Our analyses based on attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid‐state carbon polarization and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy confirmed that the aggregation of polymer chains due to the hydrogen bonds among the amide linkages was suppressed by the co‐ordination of the aqueous additives to the amide linkage. The state of water in the membranes analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry also supported the formation of pores. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1275–1281
Solar‐blind AlxGa1–xN MSM photodetectors on patterned AlN/sapphire templates with 0.4 < x < 1
Authors: Knigge A. , Brendel M. , Brunner F. , Einfeldt S. , Knauer A. , Kueller V. , Zeimer U. , Weyers M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSolar‐blind Schottky‐type metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) photodetectors (PDs) based on AlxGa1–xN absorber layers with x varying between 0.4 and 1 are investigated. The impact of the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) technique on stripe patterned AlN/sapphire templates is evaluated by comparing devices on ELO as well as planar AlN/sapphire templates. Device characteristics have been found to depend on the orientation of the finger‐electrodes with respect to the stripe pattern. The responsivity of ELO PDs with finger‐electrodes perpendicular to the stripes is higher than that for the parallel case or for PDs on planar templates. For x ≥ 0.9 an enhancement of about 50% and for x = 0.4 of more than two orders of magnitude due to photoconductive gain are observed. The orientation dependence is explained by a non‐uniform dislocation density on the ELO template, involving channels of low dislocation density. Additionally, the Al/Ga incorporation is found to be non‐uniform, particularly for low values of x. Due to the absence of photoconductive gain for x ≥ 0.9, the gain observed for x = 0.4 using ELO templates with perpendicular finger orientation is attributed to compositional modulation of the absorber layer. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polarization dependent, surface plasmon induced photoconductance in gold nanorod arrays
Authors: Diefenbach S. , Erhard N. , Schopka J. , Martin A. , Karnetzky C. , Iacopino D. , Holleitner A. W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe report on the photoconductance in two‐dimensional arrays of gold nanorods. The arrays are formed by a combination of droplet deposition and stamping methods. We find that the plasmon induced photoconductance is sensitive to the linear polarization of the exciting photons consistent with the excitation of the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance of the nanorods.magnified image(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Targeting Unique Metabolic Properties of Breast Tumor Initiating Cells
Authors: Feng Weiguo , Gentles Andrew , Nair Ramesh V. , Huang Min , Lin Yuan , Lee Cleo Y. , Cai Shang , Scheeren Ferenc A. , Kuo Angera H. , Diehn Maximilian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Normal stem cells from a variety of tissues display unique metabolic properties compared to their more differentiated progeny. However, relatively little is known about metabolic properties of cancer stem cells, also called tumor initiating cells (TICs). In this study we show that, analogous to some normal stem cells, breast TICs have distinct metabolic properties compared to nontumorigenic cancer cells (NTCs). Transcriptome profiling using RNA-Seq revealed TICs underexpress genes involved in mitochondrial biology and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic analyses revealed TICs preferentially perform glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation compared to NTCs. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that decreased expression and activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh), a key regulator of oxidative phosphorylation, plays a critical role in promoting the proglycolytic phenotype of TICs. Metabolic reprogramming via forced activation of Pdh preferentially eliminated TICs both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings reveal unique metabolic properties of TICs and demonstrate that metabolic reprogramming represents a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting these cells. Stem Cells 2014;32:1734–1745
Stage-Specific Roles for Cxcr4 Signaling in Murine Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Process of Bone Marrow Repopulation
Authors: Lai Chen-Yi , Yamazaki Satoshi , Okabe Motohito , Suzuki Sachie , Maeyama Yoshihiro , Iimura Yasuaki , Onodera Masafumi , Kakuta Shigeru , Iwakura Yoichiro , Nojima Masanori , Otsu Makoto , Nakauchi Hiromitsu 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation has proven beneficial for various intractable diseases, but it remains unclear how hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) home to the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, initiate hematopoietic reconstitution, and maintain life-long hematopoiesis. The use of newly elucidated molecular determinants for overall HSPC engraftment should benefit patients. Here, we report that modification of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (Cxcr4) signaling in murine HSPCs does not significantly affect initial homing/lodging events, but leads to alteration in subsequent BM repopulation kinetics, with observations confirmed by both gain- and loss-of-function approaches. By using C-terminal truncated Cxcr4 as a gain-of-function effector, we demonstrated that signal augmentation likely led to favorable in vivo repopulation of primitive cell populations in BM. These improved features were correlated with enhanced seeding efficiencies in stromal cell cocultures and altered ligand-mediated phosphorylation kinetics of extracellular signal-regulated kinases observed in Cxcr4 signal-augmented HSPCs in vitro. Unexpectedly, however, sustained signal enhancement even with wild-type Cxcr4 overexpression resulted in impaired peripheral blood (PB) reconstitution, most likely by preventing release of donor hematopoietic cells from the marrow environment. We thus conclude that timely regulation of Cxcr4/CXCR4 signaling is key in providing donor HSPCs with enhanced repopulation potential following transplantation, whilst preserving the ability to release HSPC progeny into PB for improved transplantation outcomes. Stem Cells 2014;32:1929–1942
Concise Review: Forkhead Pathway in the Control of Adult Neurogenesis
Authors: Genin Emmanuelle C. , Caron Nicolas , Vandenbosch Renaud , Nguyen Laurent , Malgrange Brigitte 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNew cells are continuously generated from immature proliferating cells in the adult brain in two neurogenic niches known as the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating their proliferation, differentiation, migration and functional integration of newborn neurons in pre-existing neural network remain largely unknown. Forkhead box (Fox) proteins belong to a large family of transcription factors implicated in a wide variety of biological processes. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence that several members of this family of proteins play important roles in adult neurogenesis. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of regulation provided by Fox factors in adult neurogenesis, and evaluate the potential role of Fox proteins as targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. Stem Cells 2014;32:1398–1407
Killing strategies for model‐based mutation testing
Authors: Aichernig Bernhard K. , Brandl Harald , Jöbstl Elisabeth , Krenn Willibald , Schlick Rupert , Tiran Stefan 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis article presents the techniques and results of a novel model‐based test case generation approach that automatically derives test cases from UML state machines. The main contribution of this article is the fully automated fault‐based test case generation technique together with two empirical case studies derived from industrial use cases. Also, an in‐depth evaluation of different fault‐based test case generation strategies on each of the case studies is given and a comparison with plain random testing is conducted. The test case generation methodology supports a wide range of UML constructs and is grounded on the formal semantics of Back's action systems and the well‐known input–output conformance relation. Mutation operators are employed on the level of the specification to insert faults and generate test cases that will reveal the faults inserted. The effectiveness of this approach is shown and it is discussed how to gain a more expressive test suite by combining cheap but undirected random test case generation with the more expensive but directed mutation‐based technique. Finally, an extensive and critical discussion of the lessons learnt is given as well as a future outlook on the general usefulness and practicability of mutation‐based test case generation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Yttrium Polyphosphates AY(PO3)4 (A = Rb, Tl, Cs) and Site‐selective Spectroscopy of Eu3+ Doped Samples
Authors: Oudahmane Abdelghani , Barros Anthony , Avignant Daniel , Zambon Daniel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAbstract. Three new long‐chain polyphosphates of yttrium AIY(PO3)4 (AI = Rb, Tl, Cs) were synthesized by heating stoichiometric mixtures of alkaline or thallous carbonates A2CO3, yttrium oxide Y2O3, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a platinum crucible at temperatures ranging from 400 °C (Rb and Tl) to 450 °C (Cs). Their crystal structures were solved from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. All colorless compounds are isotypic and belong to the type IV of the long‐chain polyphosphates (monoclinic, P21/n, No. 14). The crystal structure is built of infinite helical chains of corner‐sharing PO4 tetrahedra with a repetition unit of eight tetrahedra. These chains are further linked by corner sharing to isolated YO8 square antiprisms, thus forming a three‐dimensional framework. The ions AI are located in hexagonally shaped channels running along [100] and are surrounded by eleven oxygen atoms in distorted environments. The luminescence properties of Eu3+ doped samples were investigated and used as structural probe in these polyphosphates. They are proving to be in good agreement with the crystallographic data.