bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Public Diplomacy Meets Old Public Diplomacy – the Case of China and Its Confucius Institutes
Authors: Hartig Falk 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The idea of soft power – the ability to attract others by means of culture, political values and policies – is broadly debated in the context of the re-emergence of China. Less attention has been given to public diplomacy, the actual instrument governments use to mobilize these soft power resources. This paper goes beyond the literature on China’s soft power and focuses on the instrument of public diplomacy. The two paradigms of old and new public diplomacy help to tackle the idea that China is an undifferentiated, monolithic entity acting with a single, unitary logic across cultural domains. Confucius Institutes (CIs), as one important tool of China’s public diplomacy, illustrate this as they include non-Chinese non-state actors into China’s external communication efforts. This approach requires and encourages more dialogue and greater exchange between the stakeholders which co-create messages about China for foreign audiences. Nevertheless, the paper argues that CIs at the same time also illustrate that China’s public diplomacy system largely remains state-centric which limits its influence to shape China’s image and project its soft power.
Projecting the Good Life at Home and Abroad: Lineages of the Chinese National Image from 1949 to the Present
Authors: Hulme Alison 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Both post-1949 Maoist China and post-1978 reform China have seen a national image of “the good life” imprinted on the domestic public imagination. In both cases such images seek to mobilize the Chinese people towards a vision of a better life. In both, the idea of “industriousness” is present, but the vision of what constitutes “the good life” has changed significantly, becoming more determinedly modernist and outward-looking. With the Beijing Olympics of 2008 and the Shanghai World Expo of 2010, suddenly the vision of the good life was not only a national call to arms for industriousness, but also a vision of China projected globally, yet in a way that, domestically, served to maintain the continuity of the communist party in a fast-changing socio-political landscape. So, while the desire for “the good life” remains a national call to arms, the projected images of it may well now depict a drastically different vision of what it actually consists of. Comparison between 1950s Mao propaganda posters and those from other eras will be used in this article to explore the continuity of political rhetoric surrounding “the good life” in contemporary China.
The Politics of Affect in Confucius Institutes: Re-orienting Foreigners towards the PRC
Authors: Schmidt Heather 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article examines the use of material objects and interactive technologies in Confucius Institutes (CIs) as a means of affectively engaging foreign audiences. By asking for an emotional investment in Chinese culture on the part of foreigners, CIs work to re-orient audiences outside China towards the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in positive ways. In particular, I examine a museum-like exhibit space in CI headquarters titled the China Exploratorium. While the exhibit ostensibly is meant to provide a brief overview of China, its culture and history, the space is less about cognitive learning and more about experiential learning. The Exploratorium invites bodily engagement with interactive displays as a means of getting foreign visitors to “feel” Chinese culture. This article explores three techniques used in the exhibit whereby affect is potentially produced (interactive displays, insertion of the self into the exhibit, and touristic devices). These techniques aim to make Chinese culture fun, entertaining and enjoyable, and the PRC a happy (and thus benign) place by association.
The effect of hybrid nanoparticle with silica sol as the supporter on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Li Juan , Qin Shuhao , He Wentao , Xiang Yushu , Zhang Qin , Zhang Kai , Zhang Minmin , Zhou Ying , Yu Jie 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Colloidal dispersions of hybrid nanoparticles with silica sol as the supporter (PKSol) were prepared by supporting aromatic phosphate on silica sol via a chemical action with γ-aminopropyltrimethylsilane (KH550) as a linker in wet process for the first time. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated that hybrid nanoparticles with an average size of about 200 nm were formed and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of the ultrafine silica sols within the hybrid particles, which exhibited “currant-bun” particle morphologies, rather than typical “core-shell” structures for most polymer-encapsulated silica particles. Compared to aromatic phosphate alone and silane-modified silica sol, the effect of PKSol on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated using a polarized optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that PKSol showed superior nucleating ability on iPP than the other two. After adding 0.2 wt% PKSol, the crystallization peak temperature of iPP increased from 116.35°C to 120.81°C and the crystallinity increased from 39.6% to 50%. Correspondingly, the haze decreased from 37.6% to 23.3% and mechanical properties were improved.
The crystal structure of the compound Pb6Cu+(AsO3)2Cl7 discovered in the ancient slags of Lavrion, Greece
Authors: Zubkova Natalia V. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Pekov Igor V. , Van Konstantin V. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu. , Katerinopoulos Athanassios , Voudouris Panagiotis , Magganas Andreas 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Lead and copper(I) chloride arsenite was found in the ancient metallurgic slag from the Vrissaki area, Lavrion district, Attikí Peninsula, Greece. Its chemical composition corresponds to the idealized formula Pb6Cu+(AsO3)2Cl7. The IR spectrum shows the presence of

A
s

O
3

3
−

$AsO_3^{3 - }$

anions and only a trace amount of O–H bonds. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R(F) = 0.0304 based on 1778 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I). The compound is trigonal (rhombohedral), R3̅, a = 9.8691(2), c = 34.2028(13) Å, V = 2885.01(14) Å3, Z = 6. Two crystallographically non-equivalent As3+ cations occupy apexes of the AsO3 pyramids. Cu+ cation occupies an apex of the CuCl3 pyramid. The group [Cl3Cu–AsO3] is arranged along the c axis. Pb cations occupy two sites with seven- and eight-fold coordination. The crystal-chemical formula of the compound is Pb6(Cu+Cl3)(As3+O3)2Cl4.
The importance of T⋯T⋯T angles in the feasibility of zeolites
Authors: Liu Xuehua , Valero Soledad , Argente Estefania , Botti Vicente , Sastre German 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The database of prospective zeolites (www.hypotheticalzeolites.net) has been screened in search of feasible zeolites. Previous criteria of zeolite feasibility have been reviewed, based on descriptors such as energy, density, average and distribution of ring sizes, and more importantly that of Li et al. (LID criteria) presented recently [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2013, 52, 1673], based on Si–O, O⋯O, and Si⋯Si distances of SLC-minimised structures. In spite of the still large number of feasible zeolites according to this and other criteria, a number of researchers wonder why there are so many feasible and so few synthesised zeolites. Without answering this difficult question, a new criteria is proposed in this study based on the fact that T⋯T⋯T angles (T is tetrahedral atom) show specific ranges of values depending on the ring size to which they belong. Based on improved definitions to count and enumerate rings in zeolites, and with data from the IZA database, we introduce the TTT criteria, which we propose to use after the LID criteria, to further narrow the space of feasible zeolites.
Ultra-High-Performance-Concrete Advancements and Industrialization—The Need for Standard Testing
Authors: Perry V. H. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an historical perspective of the development and current testing procedures of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) in North America, and explores the need for specific standardized tests for UHPC. A review of the applications utilizing the UHPC technology, projects completed over the past 20 years and promising applications, such as precast bridge deck elements, field-cast UHPC connections for accelerated bridge construction, underground utility systems, architectural building components, urban furniture, security, and others, are covered. The fundamentals of the technology, material properties of UHPC, design details, project profiles, and testing methods for UHPC are included. By utilizing the UHPC material’s unique combination of superior properties including strength, durability, ductility, workability, and aesthetics in conjunction with precast elements and field-cast methodologies, the built infrastructure performance is advanced, accelerated, and improved. Benefits include: simplified construction techniques, speed of construction, improved durability, reduced maintenance, reduced out-of-service, minimum interruption, reduced element size and complexity, extended usage life, and improved resiliency.
Ultra-High Performance Concrete History and Usage by the Corps of Engineers
Authors: Green Brian H. , Moser Robert D. , Scott Dylan A. , Long Wendy R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has conducted research on ultra-high performance concretes (UHPCs) since the late 1980 s. The primary focus has been on military and civil works infrastructure applications. The research included the development of a UHPC material called Cor-Tuf Baseline, which includes several derivatives including a patented material. This paper presents the ERDC's historical experience with UHPCs, including constituent materials, laboratory-scale production, and heat treatment, typical microstructure, and pathways for scaling up production. Case studies are also presented on ongoing research focused on the use of fiber-reinforced UHPCs for repair and retrofit of armor plate systems in U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) inland navigation civil works infrastructure and ongoing long-term field durability testing at the Treat Island Natural Weathering Station near Eastport, ME.
The Challenges Related to Interface Bond Characterization of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete With Implications for Bridge Rehabilitation Practices
Authors: Harris Devin K. , Carbonell Muñoz Miguel A. , Gheitasi Amir , Ahlborn Theresa M. , Rush Sarah V. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the number of concrete transportation structures reaching the end of their service lives, typically as a result of age and severe degradation. This deterioration is often the result of exposure to aggressive environments and substantial increases in vehicle loading. Rehabilitation is typically the most appropriate solution for these structures because of the high cost of full replacement, resulting in the need for cost-effective and suitable solutions for rehabilitation. Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), one of the more recent advances in construction materials, appears to be a promising material for the repair of concrete structures. The potential benefit of UHPC is primarily derived from its negligible permeability, which prevents water or chemical penetration, and its high mechanical properties, which serve to increase the bearing capacity of the structure. Some of the primary challenges associated with the use of UHPC as a repair material are uncertainty in the bond performance and interaction with the existing substrate material. This paper focuses on the characterization of the interface bond and compatibility between UHPC and normal concrete. The testing program was conducted in the spirit of ASTM because no standard test methods currently exist for UHPC. In addition, a series of numerical models were developed to support the results obtained in the experimental investigations. The results highlight the exceptional performance of the bond, but they also demonstrate a number of challenges with respect to characterizing the bond. Specific challenges included characterization of surface roughness, premature specimen failure, material strength mismatch, and the quality and consistency of the testing methods used.
Apolipoprotein E promotes subretinal mononuclear phagocyte survival and chronic inflammation in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Levy Olivier , Calippe Bertrand , Lavalette Sophie , Hu Shulong J , Raoul William , Dominguez Elisa , Housset Michael , Paques Michel , Sahel José‐Alain , Bemelmans Alexis‐Pierre , Combadiere Christophe , Guillonneau Xavier , Sennlaub Florian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPhysiologically, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) expresses immunosuppressive signals such as FAS ligand (FASL), which prevents the accumulation of leukocytes in the subretinal space. Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is associated with a breakdown of the subretinal immunosuppressive environment and chronic accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). We show that subretinal MPs in AMD patients accumulate on the RPE and express high levels of APOE. MPs of Cx3cr1−/− mice that develop MP accumulation on the RPE, photoreceptor degeneration, and increased choroidal neovascularization similarly express high levels of APOE. ApoE deletion in Cx3cr1−/− mice prevents pathogenic age‐ and stress‐induced subretinal MP accumulation. We demonstrate that increased APOE levels induce IL‐6 in MPs via the activation of the TLR2‐CD14‐dependent innate immunity receptor cluster. IL‐6 in turn represses RPE FasL expression and prolongs subretinal MP survival. This mechanism may account, in part, for the MP accumulation observed in Cx3cr1−/− mice. Our results underline the inflammatory role of APOE in sterile inflammation in the immunosuppressive subretinal space. They provide rationale for the implication of IL‐6 in AMD and open avenues toward therapies inhibiting pathogenic chronic inflammation in late AMD.
Promising biological monitoring for occupational 1,2‐Dichloropropane exposure by urinalysis for unmetabolized solvent
Authors: Kawai Toshio , Mitsuyoshi Koji , Ikeda Masayuki 
Published: January 2015

Promising biological monitoring for occupational 1,2‐dichloropropane exposure by urinalysis for unmetabolized solvent: Toshio Kawai, et al. Osaka Occupational Health Service CenterObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the applicability of urinalysis for unmetabolized solvent to biomonitor 1,2‐dichloropropane (1,2‐DCP) exposure.MethodsThirty three male printers exposed to 1,2‐DCP and 5 nonexposed male controls participated in the study. The 8‐hr average levels of exposure to 1,2‐DCP in air and 1,2‐DCP in the end‐of‐shift urine samples were measured with capillary FID‐GC.ResultsThe geometric mean (the maximum) concentrations was 7.1 ppm (23.1 ppm) for 1,2‐DCP in air, and the level in urine (without correction for urine density) was 77 μg/l (247 μg/l). A regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.909 (p<0.01). No 1,2‐DCP was detected in the urine samples from nonexposed subjects.ConclusionsThe high correlation and low background (essentially zero) showed that urinalysis for unmetabolized 1,2‐DCP is a promising tool for biomonitoring of occupational exposure to this carcinogenic solvent at lower levels (e.g. <1 ppm).
Nora’s Story
Authors: Gibbons Nora 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIn this column, Nora Gibbons, 16 years old, describes the home births of four of her siblings. Nora’s story captures the wonder and simplicity of home birth and demonstrates the impact the experience of being present at home birth can have on children. Nora’s joy and confidence in birth because of her experiences will influence her own birth choices.
Brief: Buy, Don't Build - What Does That Mean for a Software Developer?
Authors: Little Todd , Rahi M. Ahsan , Sinclair Craig 
Published: January 2015

Summary
The buzz phrase of the 1990's for the petroleum software industry has become "buy, don't build." For an end user in an oil company, this generally means acquiring application software rather than developing it internally. The concept of buy, don't build can also apply for a software developer. Purchasing software toolkit components can expedite the development of an application as well as reduce future support requirements.
Brief: New PC-Based Software for Multiphase-Flow Calculations
Authors: Aziz Khalid , Petalas Nicholas 
Published: January 2015

Summary
A new multiphase flow analysis and design system for DOS-based personal computers is described. Examples are also presented and analyzed with different multiphase-flow techniques. These techniques are investigated by use of flow-map and 3D pressure surface comparisons, and a new mechanistic model is discussed that attempts to overcome many of the problems associated with existing multiphase-flow analysis methods.
Brief: Software Licences: Good Fences Make Good Neighbors
Authors: McCreary James G. , Woodyard Alan 
Published: January 2015

Summary
The basis for a good contract is that it is beneficial to both parties. A good foundation will cement the responsibilities and obligations of the parties after areas of agreement have been negotiated. Unfortunately, software licenses do not always reflect what is best for all. Some clauses are definitely for the benefit of the vender, while others are required by a prudent client. The resulting contract is then a matter of reasonable compromise to achieve a good- business relationship. Major issues of warranty, liability, training, support, and payment may be in conflict. Such topics as maintenance, testing, patents, extent of use, and return of software are often overlooked or addressed unevenly. This paper addresses these subjects and provides guidelines for software licences. An understanding of legal phrases is of value. A better understanding of the viewpoints of both the vender and the client results in a better working relationship.
Brief: Digitizing Rocks: Standardizing the Process of Geologic Description With Workstations
Authors: Saunders M.R. , Shields J.A. , Taylor M.R. 
Published: January 2015

Summary
In the drive to squeeze the most value from every dollar spent on exploration and development, increasing use is being made of stored data through methods that rely on the completeness and accuracy of the database for their usefulness. Although many types of engineering data are available to the process, geologic data, especially those collected at a sufficiently detailed level to show reservoir heterogeneity, are often unavailable to later workers in any useful form. Traditionally, most wellsite geologic data are recorded on worksheets or notebooks, from which summary data are often transferred to computers. The only changes in recent years have been related to the process by which computer-drafted lithology logs have superseded hand-drawn logs; in some exceptions, some of the plotting data may be held in a simple database. These descriptions and analyses, gathered at considerable cost and capable of showing significant petrological detail, are not available to the whole field-development process. We set out to tackle these problems of limited usefulness and developed a system that would deliver quality geologic data deep into the field of play in a form that was easy to select and integrate with existing models.
Socio-Economic Status of Women and Men Participants in Panchayati Raj Institutions: A Comparative Study of Rohtak District, Haryana
Authors: Samria Manju 
Published: January 2015

The present study was conducted on the sample of 46 women and 75 men respondents from 107 members of five Panchayat Samiti as well as 14 members of Zila Parishad of the upper two tiers of Panchayati Raj institutions (PRI) of Rohtak district, Haryana. For this, stratified sampling technique was adopted for selecting the sample from different Panchyat Samiti as well as Zila Parishad. Interview Schedule was used to collect primary data from all the respondents. Analysis revealed that the socio-economic status of the women were insignificant as compared to the men participants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i1.11614 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-1: 27-30
E-Governance in Rajasthan State Universities: Impacts and Impediments
Authors: Dhamuniya Shilpa 
Published: January 2015

This research presents the realistic overview of the state of Higher education in one of the largest Indian State, Rajasthan. There are many imperative problems which go back to the princely States, however reorganization of State has uplifted the status of education but the situation still is dismal. The introduction of E-governance by the Government is appreciable for the reason that it shows commitment to bring out fundamental changes in the scenario related to education. The research results are pointing out to definitive policy shifts; to be specific it will be pertinent to draw inferences in entirety.The scientific research epitomizes the basics that need to be addressed in terms of deconstructing some myths about the policies; constructing some new perceptions about educational institutions and reconstructing new paths to attain the finality of this fundamental objective. The societal transformation will remain unattended unless this sector is strengthened. This study is just a beginning to understand the ground realities and on the basis to visualize the prospective thrust. This particular research has also pointed out some fallacies regarding the tall claims put forth by the government on account of being serious about implementing E-governance but the data collected tells a different story altogether.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i1.11684 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-1: 31-35
L'intérêt général et l'investissement
Authors: Yon Guillaume 
Published: January 2015

L’article se propose d’enquêter sur la construction d’un concept de théorie économique, le coût marginal à long terme. Il faut pour cela se plonger dans le travail des ingénieurs-économistes d’Électricité de France, qui, dans les années 1948-1949, alors qu’ils commencent à rebâtir complètement la tarification du nouveau monopole public, inventent la notion. Nous essaierons de montrer que le concept projette une réorganisation d’ampleur du parc de production, de façon à faire fonctionner dans le secteur électrique une certaine conception de l’intérêt général.
L'intangible et l'inestimable
Authors: Hénaff Marcel 
Published: January 2015

Tandis que les biens matériels sont relativement aisés à évaluer parce qu’ils sont tangibles et quantifiables, les biens immatériels (ou « intangibles ») demandent une méthode plus complexe d’évaluation. Ainsi en va-t-il des savoirs, des services, des productions de l’esprit et de la culture en général. Il existe en effet un marché de tels biens et cela depuis qu’il existe des échanges marchands. Trois opérations le permettent : l’évaluation par unités mesure, le formatage des activités, l’échange ou le partage de ces biens. Mais au-delà de ces biens immatériels évaluables sur un marché, il y a des biens ou plutôt des valeurs qui ne le sont pas et ne le seront jamais ; ils ont rapport au talent, au don, à la confiance, à la dignité – bref à l’inestimable.
Love & its Lover
Authors: Kawala Anne 
Published: January 2015

À tour de bras, elle apprend à prendre la loi par-dessus la jambe. Sur le bout des doigts, elle apprend à mettre sur sa langue la langue aux hommes jusqu’alors légalement réservée. Elle apprend la finance, la politique, le name-dropping, les portefeuilles, les influences, le marchandage, le chantage et les combines. (Suspending gems dripping :) Elle divorce.