bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of a wheat cultivar mixture against splash‐dispersed septoria tritici blotch epidemics
Authors: Gigot C. , Saint‐Jean S. , Huber L. , Maumené C. , Leconte M. , Kerhornou B. , de Vallavieille‐Pope C. 
Published: November 2012

The use of cultivar mixtures to control foliar fungal diseases is well documented for windborne diseases, but remains controversial for splash‐dispersed diseases. To try to improve this strategy, a cultivar mixture was designed consisting of two wheat cultivars with contrasted resistance to
Mycosphaerella graminicola
, responsible for the rainborne disease septoria tritici blotch (STB), in a 1:3 susceptible:resistant ratio rather than the 1:1 ratio commonly used in previous studies. The impact of natural STB epidemics in this cultivar mixture was studied in field experiments over 4 years. Weekly assessments of the number of sporulating lesions, pycnidial leaf area and green leaf area were carried out on the susceptible cultivar. In years with sufficient STB pressure, disease impacts on the susceptible cultivar in the mixture were always significantly lower than in the pure stand (e.g. 42% reduction of pycnidial leaf area for the three upper leaves in 2008 and 41% in 2009). In years with low STB pressure (2010 and 2011), a reduction of disease impacts was also shown but was not always significant. After major rainfall events, the number of sporulating lesions observed on the susceptible cultivar after one latent period was reduced on average by 45% in the mixture compared to the pure stand. All the measurements showed that a susceptible cultivar was consistently protected, at least moderately, in a mixture under low to moderate STB pressure. Therefore, the results prove that the design of an efficient cultivar mixture can include the control of STB, among other foliar diseases.
Worlds of Welfare Services: From Discovery to Exploration
Authors: Stoy Volquart 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA recent thread of debate in social policy research has been the ‘discovery’ of welfare services. Previous comparative studies in this field have been largely erratic and have led to different results. This ambiguity is mainly due to flaws inherent in the data sets. In order to overcome these problems, this article uses an alternative approach of operationalizing welfare services. Employment patterns in the welfare sector provide a holistic picture of welfare services regarding quantity, kind, and organization. Cluster analysis leads to a four‐cluster structure that bears high resemblance to the conventional welfare regime typology by Esping‐Andersen and its subsequent advancements. These findings are set in the context of the welfare regimes literature in order to enhance our understanding of the functioning of welfare regimes. The study suggests that the ideological orientation of the welfare state is a good starting point for a holistic framework of welfare regimes combining the transfer and the service component.
On the abelianization of derived categories and a negative solution to Rosický’s problem
Authors: Bazzoni Silvana , Šťovíček Jan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe prove for a large family of rings R that their λ-pure global dimension is greater than one for each infinite regular cardinal λ. This answers in the negative a problem posed by Rosický. The derived categories of such rings then do not satisfy, for any λ, the Adams λ-representability for morphisms. Equivalently, they are examples of well-generated triangulated categories whose λ-abelianization in the sense of Neeman is not a full functor for any λ. In particular, we show that given a compactly generated triangulated category, one may not be able to find a Rosický functor among the λ-abelianization functors.
The Treatment of cardiovascular Risk in Primary care using Electronic Decision suppOrt (TORPEDO) study: intervention development and protocol for a cluster randomised, controlled trial of an electronic decision support and quality improvement intervention in Australian primary healthcare
Authors: Peiris David , Usherwood Tim , Panaretto Katie , Harris Mark , Hunt Jenny , Patel Bindu , Zwar Nicholas , Redfern Julie , MacMahon Stephen , Colagiuri Stephen , Hayman Noel , Patel Anushka 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundLarge gaps exist in the implementation of guideline recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk management. Electronic decision support (EDS) systems are promising interventions to close these gaps but few have undergone clinical trial evaluation in Australia. We have developed HealthTracker, a multifaceted EDS and quality improvement intervention to improve the management of CVD risk.Methods/designIt is hypothesised that the use of HealthTracker over a 12-month period will result in: (1) an increased proportion of patients receiving guideline-indicated measurements of CVD risk factors and (2) an increased proportion of patients at high risk will receive guideline-indicated prescriptions for lowering their CVD risk. Sixty health services (40 general practices and 20 Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) will be randomised in a 1:1 allocation to receive either the intervention package or continue with usual care, stratified by service type, size and participation in existing quality improvement initiatives. The intervention consists of point-of-care decision support; a risk communication interface; a clinical audit tool to assess performance on CVD-related indicators; a quality improvement component comprising peer-ranked data feedback and support to develop strategies to improve performance. The control arm will continue with usual care without access to these intervention components. Quantitative data will be derived from cross-sectional samples at baseline and end of study via automated data extraction. Detailed process and economic evaluations will also be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe general practice component of the study is approved by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and the ACCHS component is approved by the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council HREC. Formal agreements with each of the participating sites have been signed. In addition to the usual scientific forums, results will be disseminated via newsletters, study websites, face-to-face feedback forums and workshops.Trial registrationThe trial is registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN 12611000478910.
Ocular Pathologies and the Evil Eye in the Early Roman Principate
Authors: Nuño Antón Alvar 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Ocular pathologies are a natural phenomenon that can be detected empirically. All over the world, such phenomena are often interpreted as an index of inherent personal capacity for causing harm. The Graeco-Roman world was no exception. During the early Roman Principate, the literary representation of such malformations was clearly influenced by two genres that had been developed in the Greek world during the Hellenistic period. The first was the paradoxographic or mirabilia tradition, a literary genre that in the aftermath of Alexander’s conquests inventoried supposed natural and anthropological wonders, reports that were subsequently brought up to date and adapted by Roman authors such as Cicero and Varro. The second was physiognomics, the systematization, mainly by the Peripatetics but also by some Hippocratic authors, of the popular idea that ethical character can be read from somatic signs. This paper understands Pliny the Elder’s accounts of peoples and families able to cast the evil eye, objectified in the possession of a double pupil, as a significant aspect of his socio-moral account of the effects of world-empire upon Rome. In transposing the theme to his figure of the procuress Dipsas almost a century earlier, Ovid created a synecdoche for moral disorder at Rome itself shortly before the two Augustan laws of 18 b.c.e. regulating sexual conduct. In short, if we are to progress in our understanding of Roman socio-moral instrumentalization of ocular malformation in relation to the evil eye, we must pay careful attention to the contexts and strategies of our texts.
Metropolitan Clerks and Venality in Qing China: The Great 1830 Forgery Case
Authors: Kaske Elisabeth 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study of a forgery case in the Board of Revenue shows how the huge increase in the legal sale of offices and titles in early nineteenth-century China overstretched the bureaucratic structures that managed it and exposed the weakness of official control over subaltern clerical personnel. The case allows a glimpse into the mostly hidden world of metropolitan clerks and the operation of a little known department in the Board of Revenue, the Contribution Office. It also demonstrates how the illegal sale of fake official ranks allowed the clerks to participate in the legal purchase of offices and thus to free themselves from the predicament of their clerical position. While legal venality contributed to general corruption in the Qing bureaucracy, it also leveled to a certain extent the differences between a professional yet suppressed class of bureaucrats and their amateurish yet socially esteemed scholar-literati superiors.
Paul’s New Family in Thessalonica
Authors: Burke Trevor J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The ongoing debate about the structure of the earliest Christian communities—an issue of Christian origins—continues to divide Pauline interpreters. While some (e.g. E. Schüssler Fiorenza) are of the view that Paul’s communities were “egalitarian” at the outset only to become more rigid and organized with the passing of time, others ( J.H. Elliott) argue that Paul’s churches were more structured from their earliest inception. Still others have had a change of mind on this issue. In all of this, Paul’s first letter to the Thessalonians has not been given due consideration. Against the social context of the period, Paul’s relationships—predominantly described in familial terms—with this community is explored. Paul’s parental (nursing-mother, 2:7; father, 2:11) relations towards his convert-children (2:7, 11) show his preference of situating himself above them. Moreover, the Thessalonians’ relations to one another as siblings, often understood as imbued with egalitarianism, also demonstrate a similar degree of differentiation (1 Thess 5:12-15) within the community—some siblings are given to lead, to be respected and to admonish the rest. It is concluded that rather than viewing the community at Thessalonica as egalitarian in composition there is evidence here, in what is regarded by many to be Paul’s earliest extant letter that some degree of structure was in place at the very beginning.
Heterogeneity, Participation and Democratic Quality in Latin America: A Comparison between Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
Authors: Stoiber Michael , Knodt Michèle , Heinelt Marie-Sophie 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Societal and economic heterogeneity are regarded as a challenge to the functioning of democracies. We integrate this problem as context variables into a model of evaluating the quality of democracy. The context determines the optimal composition of participation structures. This demand has to be confronted with the given structure and its effectiveness.
We discuss the problem of effective participation for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, which share similar problems regarding economic inequality and societal heterogeneity. Our main aim is to analyze how different institutional settings are enabling citizens, particularly minorities, in the decision making process and how these elements affect democratic stability and the quality of democracy.
We deduce the demand for differentiated participation structures from the societal and institutional context and qualitatively compare the effectiveness of the given participation structures. We analyze how the deficits in the institutional arrangements and their effectiveness affect the democratic quality and the democratic stability of the systems. We find that overlapping societal and socio-economic heterogeneity can be considered as especially threatening to democratic consolidation and stability.
The Limits and Contradictions of Agricultural Technology in Latin America: Lessons from Mexico and Argentina
Authors: Reveles Irma Lorena Acosta 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Based on a collective research project designed to analyze the links between scientific and technological production, development and democracy in Latin America, this paper deals with the performance of the agrarian economy under conditions of scant internally generated technology. We begin by acknowledging that this resource has historically been imported. We frame the objective of analysis in terms of assessing its economic and social implications through an empirical approach to the process of technological diffusion. Two representative experiences of the agricultural structure are examined in the region, namely, peasant productive units in Mexico and capitalist enterprises on the Argentine plains. For the former, we look at the post-war era, examining the content of the technological package contained in the green revolution and its repercussions. In the latter case, we look at present-day agro-business and analyze the propagation of the transgenic soybean known as “Roundup Ready” in the pampas region. In both cases, we consider the positive and negative characteristics within the productive and macroeconomic order, including impact on employment, environment, and social welfare.
Commonwealth, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, Cambridge, MA.: Belknap-Harvard, 2009
Authors: Read Jason 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCommonwealthis the third book co-authored by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. As with the previous two books,EmpireandMultitude, the task of this book is to both critique the present order and provide the concepts for a radical transformation of that order. This review examines how this third, and final book in the series, changes the argument of the other two, specifically examining the rôle that the concept of the common plays in restructuring the idea of critique, politics, and political economy.
The Necessity of Art, Ernst Fischer, with an Introduction by John Berger, London: Verso, 2010
Authors: Petts Jeffrey 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In The Necessity of Art Ernst Fischer develops a Marxist aesthetics in the humanist tradition, arguing art’s necessity as both a vehicle of social criticism and as an essential element of humanity. These twin themes place Fischer’s work, then, at the centre of issues in Marxist aesthetics that have traditionally proved contentious: firstly, about the function of art, both under capitalism and universally; and about the relationship – causal or otherwise – between economic conditions and art. Fischer’s aesthetics overemphasises the humanising possibilities of great works of art to the neglect of an everyday aesthetics that argues the possibilities for aesthetic lives based on good work under communism. But he provides a theoretic start to effectively countering structuralist Marxism, and he was in his lifetime – as John Berger’s Introduction movingly conveys – a powerful opponent of the bureaucratisation of art under Zhdanov’s Socialist-Realist creed.
On Marxism’s Field of Operation: Badiou and the Critique of Political Economy
Authors: Walker Gavin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlain Badiou’s theoretical work maintains an ambiguous relation to Marx’s critique of political economy. In seemingly refusing the Marxian analytical strategy of displacement and referral across the fields of politics and economy, Badiou is frequently seen to be lacking a rigorous theoretical grasp of capitalism itself. In turn, this is often seen as a consequence of his understanding of political subjectivity. But the origins of this ‘lack’ of analysis of the social relation called ‘capital’ in his work can also be investigated by means of a detour into the economic writings of theUnion des communistes de France marxiste-léniniste, the political organisation in which Badiou played a leading rôle throughout the 1970s in particular. By excavating this theoretical work of the 1970s, we can identify more precisely the historical and political reasons behind Badiou’s ambiguous relation to Marx and specifically to Marx’s systematic grasp of the logic of capital. This excavation will consequently lead us to a reflection on the limits and openings in Badiou’s thought for the Marxian critique of political economy.
Une version ismaélienne de ḥadīṯs imamites. Nouvelles perspectives sur le traité II du Kitāb al-Kašf attribué à Ğaʿfar b. Manṣūr al-Yaman (Xe s.)
Authors: Gillon Fârès 
Published: November 2012

Résumé
Le Kitāb al-Kašf, attribué à Ğaʿfar b. Manṣūr al-Yaman (Xe s.), est un recueil de six traités ismaéliens anciens. L’examen du deuxième de ces six traités montre qu’il est constitué pour l’essentiel de deux ḥadīṯs attestés dans les sources duodécimaines, bien que cela ne soit pas précisé par l’auteur ou l’éditeur du Kitāb al-Kašf. Selon les cas, la comparaison entre les versions ismaélienne et imamite des ḥadīṯs éclaircit le texte du Kitāb al-Kašf, souvent difficile et obscur, ou laisse soupçonner une transmission parallèle à celle dont les recueils duodécimains se font l’écho.
Muʿtazilite Aspects of Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Thought1
Authors: Jaffer Tariq 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper examines Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s methodology in kalām and tafsīr by investigating al-Rāzī’s method of taʾwīl. It situates al-Rāzī’s methodology with respect to the Muʿtazila and falsafa, two trends that greatly influenced al-Rāzī. It proposes that al-Rāzī, who is generally considered the leading Sunnī theologian and exegete after the death of al-Ġazālī, adopted methods and ideas from the Muʿtazila and that he effectively synthesized these with Avicennian philosophy to forge an orginal methodology.
Neutralität Eine sachliche Lektüre von Gottfried Kellers Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe
Authors: Fetscher Justus 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGottfried Keller's “A Village Romeo and Juliet” contains an astonishing number of neuter terms that are of key importance to this novella. This observation is in line with Keller's predilection for miniaturized worlds and diminutives, played out in this narrative through two basic traits: the reduction of the Shakespearean tragedy to a novella that is a “village story” and the nicknames given to its female protagonist (“Vreeli”, “Vrenchen”). Around one pole of neutrality the story assembles a cluster of terms that convey things in an abstract, generalized manner. Other neutral nouns make deeply personal concerns (love, destiny) look as if they were governed by some overriding, a-personal force. In this vein, the text tends to de-personalize human actions by expressing them in the grammatical form of nominalized infinitives. Inconspicuous idiomatic phrases seem to hide, as in the Freudian Id, the menacing power of the drives. Precisely by revealing that the narrative's sphere is constructed of neutral elementary particles, the text transforms and transubstantiates what it represents into the neutrality of the script. It does so solely, it seems, to make palpable that this literature is charged with the sensuality of the genders.
Procedural Developments at the International Court of Justice
Authors: Bordin Fernando Lusa 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The present column covers procedural developments at the International Court of Justice in the period beginning on 1 July 2011 and ending on 31 March 2012. These include: the consideration by the Court of the indispensable parties doctrine and judicial propriety in the Application of Interim Accord case; questions arising as to the extent of the Court’s incidental jurisdiction in the Jurisdictional Immunities case and as to the extent of its discretion to choose which provisional measures to indicate in the context of interpretation proceedings in the Temple case; the notion of an “interest of a legal nature” as discussed by the Court in connection with Greece’s application to intervene as a non-party in the Jurisdictional Immunities case; and the Court’s discussion of the principle of equality of the parties in the criticism it made of the procedure for review of judgments of administrative tribunals in the IFAD advisory opinion.
Reshaping Informed Consent in the Biobanking Context
Authors: Macilotti Matteo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In my article, I discuss the role of informed consent in the context of biobanking. I argue that the basic issue in understanding the role of the consent is one of identifying the interests at stake and determining which of these interests we intend to promote. The definition of the informational content represents only a consequential step. For this purpose, I analyse the legal status of human biological materials from three different perspectives: “material”, “informational” and “relational”. Informed consent produces different effects on each of these perspectives. From the material perspective, consent can influence the allocation of property rights over human tissue; from the informational point of view, consent is the legal instrument that permits control over personal data; while from the “relational” perspective, it is possible through consent to ensure that the person’s personal beliefs are respected. The crucial point is that the legal effects that informed consent has on the three perspectives overlap. Therefore, in order to understand the role of informed consent holistically, in this article I analyse how these perspectives relate to each other. This analysis shows that the relationship between the perspectives can vary depending on the interests that we intend to promote. If we intend to promote the freedom of research, then the material dimension can prevail, whilst if we focus our attention on the interests of individuals then the informational and the relational dimensions will prevail. The challenge is to find a good balance between these two extremes.
How Karunamayudu (1978) Became an Evangelistic Tool: Implications for Understanding Evangelicals and Media
Authors: Friesen Dwight H. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
It has not been uncommon in the history of Jesus in film for commercial movies of Jesus’ life to be conscripted for Christian evangelism around the world. Cecil B. DeMille’s The King of Kings (1927), John Krish and Peter Sykes’ Jesus (1979), better known today as The Jesus Film, and Mel Gibson’s The Passion of the Christ (2004) are but three notable examples. Each of those movies, however, was first produced in America for American audiences. In the case of Karunamayudu (1978), a Telugu commercial movie of Jesus’ life, the target audience was South Indian viewers raised on a steady diet of mythological and social films and immersed in a pluralistic religious environment unlike any Western society at the time. In this essay I explain how and why this film, with its unique production history, was co-opted by evangelicals for Christian witness in India.
Iranian Religious Films and Inter-religious Understanding
Authors: Speelman Gé M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The article deals with two recent Iranian films, al-Masih (Teh Messiah) by Nader Talebzadeh and Maryam al-Muqaddasah (Holy Mary) by Shahriar Bahrani. Both movies are about religious characters shared by Islam and Christianity: Zechariah, Mary and Jesus. The article explores the way the filmmakers have made use of both Islamic and non-Islamic sources to tell their story, and it analyses the stylistic and narrative means they have employed. Are these films contributing to the mutual religious understanding of Christians and Muslims? If so, how? And if not, why not?