bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Does My Kid Have an Ear Infection?” An Analysis of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media Videos on TikTok
Authors: Dimitroyannis Rose , Cho Stella , Thodupunoori Sharanya , Fenton David , Nordgren Rachel , Roxbury Christopher R. , Shogan Andrea 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionWith the rise of social media, online platforms have become a common way to access healthcare information. This study examines the quality of pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) videos on TikTok, a popular short‐form video social media platform.MethodsA TikTok search was conducted between 8/18 and 8/19/2023 using pediatric AOM hashtags: #pediatric acute otitis media management, #kid ear infections remedy, #child ear infections treatment, and #kid ear infection. Data collected include number of views/shares per day, uploader type (nonmedical influencer, lay individual, and medical professional), and content categories. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Material (PEMAT‐AV) and DISCERN questionnaire measured understandability, actionability, and quality of videos. Multivariable linear regression models were used (significance set at ≤0.05).ResultsOf 166 videos, 38.6% (64) of uploaders were medical professionals, and 32.5% (54) were nonmedical influencers. Nonmedical influencer videos were viewed and shared significantly more than those by medical professionals (p < 0.05). Controlling for covariates, physicians were more likely to produce more beneficial and higher quality videos as compared with nonmedical influencers (β = 2.4 and 1.3, p < 0.01, respectively). However, physicians did not have significantly different ratings for understandability compared with nonmedical influencers (β = 0.45, p > 0.05).DiscussionAOM content on TikTok is often geared toward caretakers of symptomatic children. Although physician‐created AOM content was significantly higher quality, these videos reached a statistically smaller audience than those from nonmedical influencers. Addressing misinformation on social media platforms requires physicians to reach larger audiences by producing more actionable and understandable content.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:5184–5192, 2024
The benefit of dupilumab as a postoperative short‐term adjuvant therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: A preliminary study
Authors: Wu Pei‐Wen , Huang Chi‐Che , Chang Po‐Hung , Lee Ta‐Jen , Huang Chien‐Chia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionRecent evidence recommends the use of biologics in patients with severe uncontrolled type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) owing to its propensity for recurrence after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Among the type 2 biologics used for the treatment of nasal polyps, dupilumab (Dupi, anti‐IL‐4) exhibited superior efficacy and safety in indirect comparison studies.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the objective and subjective outcomes of patients with CRSwNP treated with and without adjuvant Dupi therapy after FESS.MethodsAdult patients with type 2 CRSwNP who underwent FESS with adjuvant Dupi after surgery were enrolled. A matched control group without adjuvant Dupi therapy were recruited during the same period. All patients underwent nasal endoscopy and completed the sinonasal outcome test‐22 questionnaire evaluations at baseline and 3 months after surgery.ResultsA total of 10 patients who received postoperative adjuvant therapy with Dupi and 20 patients who underwent surgery only were included. Patients with add‐on Dupi therapy had significantly higher eosinophil cationic protein levels in the serum, eosinophil counts in peripheral blood, prevalence of asthma, and nasal polyp score at baseline. Both treatments were effective in reducing the patient's symptoms by SNOT‐22 at 3 months postoperatively. However, patients with adjuvant Dupi therapy exhibited significantly better endoscopic scores than those with surgery only (p = .022).ConclusionSurgery plays an important role in treating patients with CRSwNP, and adjuvant Dupi use may facilitate objective mucosal recovery postoperatively.Level of Evidence4.
Clinical impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with steroid treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A case–control study
Authors: Sanda Naoya , Sawabe Michi , Kabaya Kayoko , Kawaguchi Momoko , Fukushima Akina , Nakamura Yoshihisa , Maseki Shinichiro , Niwa Masaki , Mori Hiroki , Hyodo Yoshiyuki , Nishiyama Kazuyoshi , Kawakita Daisuke , Iwasaki Shinichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as a primary therapy combined with standard systemic corticosteroid treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) compared to treatment without the use of HBOT (non‐HBOT) through clinical data and advanced analytical approaches.Study DesignCase–control study.MethodsConducted across three Japanese medical centers involving 298 SSNHL patients diagnosed between 2020 and 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed first onset and treatment, WHO grade 3 or 4 initial hearing impairment, receipt of systemic corticosteroid therapy within 14 days of symptom onset, and initiation of HBOT within the same timeframe for the case group. The primary outcome measure was the difference in hearing improvement (mean hearing level in decibels, dB) between the two groups, assessed by pure‐tone audiometry at baseline and 3 months post‐treatment, using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method adjusted for covariate differences.ResultsThe study included 67 patients in the HBOT group and 68 in the non‐HBOT group. The HBOT group exhibited significantly greater hearing improvement (IPTW‐adjusted difference: 7.6 dB, 95% CI 0.4–14.7; p = 0.038). Patients without vertigo in the HBOT group demonstrated substantial hearing improvement (11.5 dB, 95% CI 2.3–20.6; p = 0.014), whereas those with vertigo showed no significant improvement (−1.8 dB, 95% CI −11.8–8.3; p = 0.729). The HBOT group also had a significantly higher association with complete recovery (IPTW‐adjusted odds ratio: 2.57, 95% CI 1.13–5.85; p = 0.025).ConclusionIn SSHNL, HBOT combination therapy yielded slightly but significantly improved hearing outcomes compared to non‐HBOT treatment.Level of Evidence4.
Inter‐rater reliability and clinical relevance of subjective and objective interpretation of videofluoroscopy findings
Authors: Kuuskoski Jonna , Vanhatalo Jaakko , Hirvonen Jussi , Rekola Jami , Aaltonen Leena‐Maija , Järvenpää Pia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia is commonly evaluated using videofluoroscopy (VFS). As its ratings are usually subjective normal‐abnormal ratings, objective measurements have been developed. We compared the inter‐rater reliability of the usual VFS ratings to the objective measurement VFS ratings and evaluated their clinical relevance.MethodsTwo blinded raters analyzed the subjective normal‐abnormal ratings of 77 patients' VFS. Two other blinded raters analyzed the objective measurements of pharyngeal aerated area with bolus held in the oral cavity (PAhold), the pharyngeal area of residual bolus during swallowing (PAmax), the pharyngeal constriction ratio (PCR), the maximum pharyngoesophageal segment opening (PESmax), pharyngoesophageal segment opening duration (POD), airway closure duration (ACD), and total pharyngeal transit time (TPT). We evaluated the inter‐rater agreement in the subjective ratings and the objective measurements. Clinical utility analysis compared the measurements with the VFS findings of pharyngeal phase abnormality, penetration/aspiration, and cricopharyngeal relaxation.ResultsIn the pharyngeal findings, the subjective analysis inter‐rater agreement was mainly moderate to strong. The strongest agreements were on the pharyngeal residues and penetration/aspiration findings. The objective measurements had fair to good inter‐rater agreement. Clinical utility analysis found statistically significant connections between TPT and pharyngeal phase abnormality, normal PCR and lack of penetration/aspiration, and normal PESmax and normal cricopharyngeal relaxation.ConclusionsThe subjective analysis had moderate to strong inter‐rater agreement in the pharyngeal VFS findings, especially concerning pharyngeal residues and penetration/aspiration detection, reflecting the efficacy and safety of swallowing. The objective measurements had fair to good inter‐observer reproducibility and could thus improve the reliability of VFS diagnostics.Level of evidence4.
Ecological and functional niches comparison reveals differentiated resource‐use strategies and ecological thresholds in four key floating‐leaved macrophytes
Authors: Dalla Vecchia Alice , Castellani Maria Beatrice , Azzella Mattia Martin , Bolpagni Rossano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNiche theory has been widely used in ecology; however, few studies have attempted to combine information on functional and ecological niches (i.e., variation in traits and environmental requirements), especially for freshwater macrophytes. In this study, we aim to describe the functional and ecological niches of four key nymphaeid species (Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, Nelumbo nucifera, and Nymphoides peltata) to investigate their environmental tolerance and functional adaptability. Twelve Italian populations per species were sampled. Functional and ecological niches were determined using hypervolumes based on eight functional traits and environmental variables, related to leaf structure and economics spectrum, and to water and sediment quality. Among the three Italian native species, N. lutea and N. alba showed intermediate niche size and position in the functional and ecological space, although N. alba appears to be less competitive due to a small functional niche and lower trait performance, which could explain its general tendency to decline. N. peltata appeared more specialized in its environmental requirements and characterized by highly acquisitive leaves, while the invasive alien N. nucifera exerted its competitive success by distinguishing its functional niche and expanding its ecological niche, through high investment of resources in leaves. Overall, all four target species share similar ecological niches, colonizing eutrophic ecosystems typical of intensive agricultural landscapes, but show different patterns in their functional niche. We demonstrate the applicability of an approach based on both functional and ecological niches to unravel species' adaptation and strategies.
Multiplexed All‐Optical Permutation Operations Using a Reconfigurable Diffractive Optical Network
Authors: Ma Guangdong , Yang Xilin , Bai Bijie , Li Jingxi , Li Yuhang , Gan Tianyi , Shen Che‐Yung , Zhang Yijie , Li Yuzhu , Işıl Çağatay , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale and high‐dimensional permutation operations are important for various applications in, for example, telecommunications and encryption. Here, all‐optical diffractive computing is used to execute a set of high‐dimensional permutation operations between an input and output field‐of‐view through layer rotations in a diffractive optical network. In this reconfigurable multiplexed design , every diffractive layer has four orientations: , , , and . Each unique combination of these layers represents a distinct rotation state, tailored for a specific permutation operation. Therefore, a K‐layer rotatable diffractive design can all‐optically perform up to independent permutation operations. The original input information can be decrypted by applying the specific inverse permutation matrix to output patterns. The feasibility of this reconfigurable multiplexed diffractive design is demonstrated by approximating 256 randomly selected permutation matrices using = 4 rotatable diffractive layers. To further enhance its multiplexing capability, input polarization diversity is also utilized. Additionally, this reconfigurable diffractive design is experimentally validated using terahertz radiation and 3D‐printed diffractive layers, providing a decent match to numerical results. The presented rotation‐multiplexed diffractive processor is particularly useful due to its mechanical reconfigurability, offering multifunctional representation through a single fabrication process.
Thermal Atomic Compass Based on Radially Polarized Beam
Authors: Cai Guoan , Tian Ke , Wang Zhaoying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe relationship between the magnetic field direction and the spatial intensity distribution of a radially polarized light passing through a polarized thermal atom ensemble is investigated, which is intuitively presented in a polarization selection absorption effect of thermal atoms. The radially polarized light has a spatial axisymmetric polarization structure, which is set as the probe beam. If the direction of the applied magnetic field is transformed, the absorption of the alignment atomic system to special polarization components of the probe light is changed, resulting in a different absorption ratio. This allows the 3D vector direction of the magnetic field to be inferred by using only the absorption ratio and the projection coefficient of the transmission intensity pattern. Based on this, this work provides a compass based on a thermal atom system, demonstrating a new method for measuring the magnetic field direction in space.
How Do I Examine Laryngeal Dystonia?
Authors: Di Luca Daniel G. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Paniello Randal C. , Norris Scott 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLaryngeal dystonia is a potentially disabling task specific dystonia primarily affecting speech. The evaluation and diagnosis of laryngeal dystonia remain challenging, and often require a multi‐disciplinary approach, involving collaboration among speech language pathologists, neurologists and laryngologists (1–5). It is crucial to correctly differentiate between the types of laryngeal dystonia due to the distinct therapeutic approaches and responses to botulinum toxin therapy or speech therapy. For educational purposes, we have divided laryngeal dystonia into two main types: adductor and abductor dystonia. In this article, we describe a series of examination techniques that can assist movement disorders neurologists diagnosing this condition, and appropriately differentiating the most common forms of laryngeal dystonia.
STUB1 Mutations as Possible Genetic Modifiers in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8
Authors: Baviera‐Muñoz Raquel , Carretero‐Vilarroig Lidón , Pedro‐Ibor Ana , Jaijo Teresa , Del Valle‐Carranza Andrea , Martínez‐Torres Irene , Millán Jose M. , Bataller Luis , Aller Elena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8) is a dominantly inherited expansion disorder with highly variable penetrance. ATXN8OS/ATXN8 expanded alleles have been identified in association with other types of hereditary ataxias, pointing to a possible genetic synergism.ObjectivesWe aimed to further investigate the molecular background of patients with SCA8 diagnosis.MethodsPatients were selected from our cohort of 346 families. A total of 14 probands with SCA8 underwent additional investigation through exome sequencing.ResultsPathogenic heterozygous STUB1 variants were found in 21.4% of SCA8 patients (3 of 14) compared to only 0.5% in the non‐SCA8 group (1 of 222), indicating a statistically significant association (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings reported in this study might suggest a genetic synergism between STUB1 and ATXN8OS/ATXN8 expanded alleles. Further studies are needed to validate this observation and better define the clinical impact of this genetic interaction.
High‐throughput preparation for alloy composition design in additive manufacturing: A comprehensive review
Authors: Liu Min , Lei Chenxu , Wang Yongxiang , Zhang Baicheng , Qu Xuanhui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing aerospace, transportation, and biomedical sectors with its potential to create complex geometries. However, the metallic materials currently used in AM are not intended for high‐energy beam processes, suggesting performance improvement. The development of materials for AM still faces challenge because of the inefficient trial‐and‐error conventional methods. This review examines the challenges and current state of materials including aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, superalloys, and high‐entropy alloys (HEA) in AM, and summarizes the high‐throughput methods in alloy development for AM. In addition, the advantages of high‐throughput preparation technology in improving the properties and optimizing the microstructure mechanism of major additive manufacturing alloys are described. This article concludes by emphasizing the importance of high‐throughput techniques in pushing the boundaries of AM materials development, pointing toward a future of more effective and innovative material solutions.
Lactococcus lactis KF140 Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Nε‐Carboxymethyl‐Lysine and High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Lee Hye‐Bin , Park Miri , Lee So‐Young , Ha Sang Keun , Kim Yoonsook , Lee Kwang‐Won , Park Ho‐Young 
Published: July 2024

ScopeLong‐term consumption of excessive dietary advanced glycation end‐products such as Nε‐carboxymethyl‐lysine (CML), which are produced by the Maillard reaction during food thermal processing, leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) along with high fat consumption. The study previously finds that administration of Lactococcus lactis KF140 (LL‐KF140) detoxifies CML by decreasing CML absorption both in a rat model and clinical trial.Methods and resultsThe present study evaluates the ameliorative effect of LL‐KF140 on NAFLD and fatty liver‐related biomarkers in a mouse model induced by CML and high fat. LL‐KF140 is orally administered to mice at a concentration of 1 × 107 or 1 × 108 colony‐forming unit (CFU) per mouse for 8 weeks. LL‐KF140 administration ameliorates the NAFLD‐related symptoms by reducing body weight and fat mass gain along with levels of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transferase, and lipids as well as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in CML‐treated mice. In addition, histological analysis including staining and western blotting shows that LL‐KF140 suppresses the lipogenesis pathway and CML absorption, thereby suppressing CML‐induced NAFLD.ConclusionThese findings suggest that LL‐KF140 attenuates dietary CML‐induced NAFLD by suppressing the de novo lipogenesis pathway, and it may be used as a probiotic strain.
F wave analysis based on the compound muscle action potential scan
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Chen Maoqi , Barkhaus Paul E. , Nandedkar Sanjeev D. , Schmit Brian , Zhou Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsConventional F wave analysis involves a relatively uniform physiological environment induced by supramaximal stimulations. The F wave characteristics in a dynamic physiological condition, however, are rarely investigated. This study aimed to improve understanding of F wave properties in the more dynamic process by introducing a novel method to analyze F waves based on the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan technique.MethodsTwenty four healthy subjects participated in the study. The CMAP scan was applied to record muscle responses in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles, respectively. F wave characteristics including mean F wave amplitude and latency (F‐M latency), persistence and activating threshold were quantified.ResultsAn average of 200 F waves per muscle were obtained from the CMAP scan recording. Weak to moderate correlations between F wave amplitude and stimulating intensity were observed in most of the APB (19 muscles; r = 0.33 ± 0.14, all p < .05) and ADM (23 muscles, r = 0.46 ± 0.16, all p < .05) muscles. Significantly longer mean F latency and lower activating F‐threshold were found in the ADM muscles (F‐M latency: APB: 25.43 ± 2.39 ms, ADM: 26.15 ± 2.32 ms, p < .05; F‐threshold: APB: 7.68 ± 8.96% CMAP, ADM: 2.35 ± 2.42% CMAP, p < .05).DiscussionThis study introduces new features of F waves using the CMAP scan technique and identifies differences of F wave characteristics between the hand muscles. The CMAP scan based F waves analysis can be combined with the motor unit number estimation to assess functional alterations in motor neurons in neurological disorders.
Establishing an indoor agriculture system at a rural Montana PreK‐12 school creates hands‐on experiences for college seniors studying horticulture
Authors: Tillett Brandon , Baumbauer David , Ewen Julie , Luby Claire H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2022, seniors studying horticulture at Montana State University (MSU; Bozeman, MT) had the opportunity to participate in a unique community‐based learning project in collaboration with the newly built PreK‐12 public school in the rural town of Winifred, MT, to establish the greenhouse infrastructure to be used in curriculum at the school. The new greenhouse facility presented an opportunity for Winifred students to not only gain experience growing vegetables, but also to provide a source of fresh vegetables for school lunches and for community members. This course presented two unique opportunities for the MSU horticulture students: (1) to experience problem‐solving horticultural challenges through designing and troubleshooting the setup of the cropping systems for the greenhouse and (2) to participate in a course with a real‐world impact on improving food security in rural areas of Montana. Over the course of the semester, the MSU students successfully established the infrastructure for the Winifred School greenhouse, which has continued to be integrated into the curriculum as well as providing fresh produce for students and community members. By the end of the course, MSU students demonstrated program learning outcomes including demonstrating the content knowledge and skills necessary to function successfully in a horticultural career and being able to identify and analyze plant growth problems and develop solutions or strategies to solve those problems.
Minimum Effective Duration of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Treatment: A Prospective Study
Authors: Lechien Jérôme R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the minimum therapeutic duration for patients with primary laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) through the evaluation of symptom changes at multiple time points.Study DesignProspective uncontrolled.SettingUniversity medical center.MethodsPatients with LPRD at the 24‐hour hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring were recruited from the European Reflux Clinic. Depending on the type of LPRD, patients were treated with a combination of proton‐pump inhibitors, alginate, or magaldrate. Symptoms were evaluated with the reflux symptom score (RSS) at baseline and throughout treatment (1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month posttreatment). The most appropriate therapeutic duration was determined using the RSS changes. Signs were evaluated with the reflux sign assessment.ResultsA total of 159 patients completed the study. The mean age was 49.9 ± 15.7 years. At 1‐month posttreatment, 97 patients (61.0%) were considered as early responders to treatment, and the treatment was stopped for 52 patients (32.7%). Of the 62 early nonresponders, 34 patients (21.4%) reached responded to treatment after 3 to 9 months. The cumulative therapeutic success rate at 1‐month posttreatment (61.0%) progressively increased to reach a range of 82.4% to 99.3% at 9‐month posttreatment. The RSS mainly decreased in the first month of treatment in early responders. In early nonresponders, RSS progressively decreased throughout the 9‐month treatment period. The baseline severity of RSS is a strong predictor of therapeutic response.ConclusionA therapeutic regimen of 1 month can be sufficient to treat one third of LPRD patients. The early nonresponders may require 3 to 9 months of treatment.