bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous “K-wireless” pedicle screw fixation technique: an evaluation of the initial experience of 100 screws with assessment of accuracy, radiation exposure, and procedure time
Authors: Spitz Steven M. , Sandhu Faheem A. , Voyadzis Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Percutaneous pedicle screws are used to provide rigid internal fixation in minimally invasive spinal procedures and generally require the use of Kirchner wires (or K-wires) as a guide for screw insertion. K-wires can bend, break, advance, or pull out during the steps of pedicle preparation and screw insertion. This can lead to increased fluoroscopic and surgical times and potentially cause neurological, vascular, or visceral injury. The authors present their experience with a novel “K-wireless” percutaneous pedicle screw system that eliminates the inherent risks of K-wire use.

METHODS
A total of 100 screws were placed in 28 patients using the K-wireless percutaneous screw system. Postoperative dedicated spinal CT scans were performed in 25 patients to assess the accuracy of screw placement. Screw placement was graded A through D by 2 independent radiologists: A = within pedicle, B = breach < 2 mm, C = breach of 2–4 mm, and D = breach > 4 mm. Screw insertion and fluoroscopy times were also recorded in each case. Clinical complications associated with screw insertion were documented.

RESULTS
A total of 100 K-wireless percutaneous pedicle screws were placed into the lumbosacral spine in 28 patients. Postoperative CT was performed in 25 patients, thus the placement of only 90 screws was assessed. Eighty-seven screws were placed within the pedicle confines (Grade A), and 3 violated the pedicle (2 Grade B [1 lateral, 1 medial] and 1 Grade D [medial]) for an overall accuracy rate of 96.7%. One patient required reoperation for screw repositioning due to a postoperative L-5 radiculopathy secondary to a Grade D medial breach at L-5. This patient experienced improvement of the radiculopathy after reoperation. Average screw insertion and fluoroscopy times were 6.92 minutes and 22.7 seconds per screw, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study demonstrate that the placement of K-wireless percutaneous pedicle screws is technically feasible and can be performed accurately and safely with short procedure and fluoroscopy times.
Gamma Knife radiosurgery for the management of cerebral metastases from non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Bowden Greg , Kano Hideyuki , Caparosa Ellen , Park Seong-Hyun , Niranjan Ajay , Flickinger John , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent cancer that metastasizes to brain. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become the management of choice for most patients with such metastatic tumors. Therefore, the authors endeavored to elucidate the survival and SRS outcomes for patients with NSCLC metastasis at their center.

METHODS
In this single-institution retrospective analysis, the authors reviewed their experience with NSCLC metastasis during a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010. Seven hundred twenty patients underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery. A total of 1004 SRS procedures were performed, and 3143 tumors were treated. The NSCLC subtype was adenocarcinoma in 386 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 111 patients, and large cell carcinoma in 34 patients. The median aggregate tumor volume was 4.5 cm3 (range 0.1–88 cm3).

RESULTS
The median survival time after diagnosis of brain metastasis from NSCLC was 12.6 months, and the median survival after SRS was 8.5 months. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates after SRS were 39%, 21%, and 10%, respectively. Postradiosurgery survival was decreased in patients treated with prior whole-brain radiation therapy compared with SRS alone (p = 0.003). Aggregate tumor volume was inversely related to survival after SRS (p < 0.001), and the histological subgroups demonstrated significant survival differences (p = 0.023). The overall local tumor control rate in the entire group was 92.8%. One hundred seventy-four patients (24%) underwent repeat SRS for new or resistant metastatic deposits.

CONCLUSIONS
Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective means of providing local control for NSCLC metastases. Neurological function and survival benefit from serial patient monitoring and repeat SRS for new tumors.
Concurrent use of the Pipeline Embolization Device and coils for intracranial aneurysms: technique, safety, and efficacy
Authors: Nossek Erez , Chalif David J. , Chakraborty Shamik , Lombardo Kim , Black Karen S. , Setton Avi 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
The use of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) as a sole endovascular modality has been described for the treatment of brain aneurysms. The benefit of using coils concurrently with a limited number of PEDs is not well documented. The authors describe their experience with this technique as well as their midterm clinical and angiographic results.

METHODS
This is a retrospective review of patients treated between 2011 and 2014. The authors placed a minimal number of PEDs with the addition of coils using a “jailed” microcatheter technique. A partially dense coil mass was obtained. Immediate and midterm clinical and angiographic results are reviewed.

RESULTS
The authors treated 27 patients harboring 28 aneurysms using this technique. The mean aneurysm size was 11.9 mm, and the mean neck size was 5.4 mm. A mean of 1.48 PEDs were placed per patient, and a mean of 1.33 PEDs per aneurysm were placed. The Raymond score immediately after PED placement was 2 or 3 in 82.1% of the patients.
There were no intraprocedural or postprocedural complications. All PEDs were successfully deployed. No clinical or technical adverse effects related to the coil mass were observed. There were no clinical or radiographic signs of ischemia in this group. At follow-up imaging, complete aneurysm occlusion was demonstrated on the first MR angiogram (3–5 months) in all patients who reached this milestone. Follow-up digital subtraction angiography (5–13 months) confirmed complete occlusion in all patients who reached this milestone. All patients maintained their baseline clinical status.

CONCLUSIONS
The deployment of PEDs with concurrent partially dense coiling is safe and efficacious. This technique achieved early complete occlusion and endovascular reconstruction of the parent vessel, without inducing mass effect. Favorable midterm clinical results were observed in all patients.
Health disparities and stroke: the influence of insurance status on the prevalence of patient safety indicators and hospital-acquired conditions
Authors: Fargen Kyle M. , Neal Dan , Blackburn Spiros L. , Hoh Brian L. , Rahman Maryam 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators (PSIs) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) are publicly reported quality metrics linked directly to reimbursement. The occurrence of PSIs and HACs is associated with increased mortality and hospital costs after stroke. The relationship between insurance status and PSI and HAC rates in hospitalized patients treated for acute ischemic stroke was determined using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.

METHODS
The NIS was queried for all hospitalizations involving acute ischemic stroke between 2002 and 2011. The rate of each PSI and HAC was determined by searching the hospital records for ICD-9 codes. The SAS statistical software package was used to calculate rates and perform multivariable analyses to determine the effects of patient variables on the probability of developing each indicator.

RESULTS
The NIS query revealed 1,507,336 separate patient admissions that had information on both primary payer and hospital teaching status. There were 227,676 PSIs (15.1% of admissions) and 42,841 HACs reported (2.8%). Patient safety indicators occurred more frequently in Medicaid/self-pay/no-charge patients (19.1%) and Medicare patients (15.0%) than in those with private insurance (13.6%; p < 0.0001). In a multivariable analysis, Medicaid, self-pay, or nocharge patients had significantly longer hospital stays, higher mortality, and worse outcomes than those with private insurance (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Insurance status is an independent predictor of patient safety events after stroke. Private insurance is associated with lower mortality, shorter lengths of stay, and improved clinical outcomes.
Le théorème de Gödel et la norme fondamentale de Kelsen
Authors: Thevenaz Henri 
Published: February 2015

The famous Godel's theorem has mainly held the attention of logicians, epistemologists and philosophers. May it also bring a contribution to the thoughts of theorists of Law ? This appears in any case possible in the framework of theories, like that of Kelsen, which are working with the concept of systems of legal norms forming hierarchically an universal legal System, including the international law and ail the other minor legal systems. The main problem is then the validity of these different Systems of legal norms. Thus one may draw up a parallel with the Godel's theorem, which more particularly refers to the validity of systems of mathematical axioms forming also an hierarchical System.
In order to well indicate that his Pure Theory of Law is limited to positive law, Kelsen has conceived a basic norm, which serves, on the theoretical level, to found the validity of the whole of the legal norms. The Godel's theorem does not imply whatever limitation of this kind. Other divergencies result from the materials upon which Godel and Kelsen have built their respective theories.
La part et le rôle joués par les modes informels de règlement des litiges dans le développement d'un pluralisme judiciaire (Etude comparative France-USA)
Authors: Bonafé-Schmitt Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2015

The increase of the number of cases dealt with in court is often presented as an increase in the judiciary character of our social relations. During the last ten years, the number of cases dealt with by the courts has increased by 50%. Without denying the importance of this increase, we can ask ourselves about the real nature of this phenomenon and try to observe if this quantitative increase dots not hide another reality.
Historically, courts have never had the monopoly of the settlementt of disputes. There has always existed an "informal justice" like the disciplinary committee in companies, associations, the different kinds of private arbitrations, particularly in commercial matters.
What might appear as new is the fact that the state itself has been developing for a few years "extra judicial procedures" like "conciliators", "Boite postale 5000"... With these new procedures of settlement, the state tries to obtain more "flexibility" in the judicial System.
Le Droit : un ensemble peu convivial
Authors: Arnaud André-Jean 
Published: February 2015

On suppose que le Droit peut être considéré, pour les besoins de l'étude, comme un système. Il est fondamental de connaître les possibilités d'ouverture d'un tel système par rapport aux autres systèmes qui constituent son environnement. Or, le Droit apparaît comme un système clos, ce qui en fait un piètre candidat pour une analyse dans les termes des plus récents développements de la théorie des systèmes.
Il n'est, dès lors, pas surprenant de trouver deux types d'approche du Droit : 1 - Dans le cadre de la théorie des systèmes, le Droit est considéré comme un sous-système du système social global. Cette approche fait fi de la normativité spéciale du Droit ; 2 - Une alternative consiste à considérer que le Droit est un ensemble, composé d'éléments possédant une normativité spécifique par rapport aux autres systèmes normatifs. Ainsi considéré, le Droit possède certaines qualités du système, non pas toutes ; il convient, par conséquent, de l'étudier selon une méthodologie particulière, appropriée.
Un jeu d'enfant : une analyse culturelle de la conscience juridique des adolescents américains
Authors: Silbey Susan S. 
Published: February 2015

The legal socialization of children has been a subject of scholarly research for nearly three decades. Sortie studies uiere undertaken as part of larger psychological projects attempting to map stages in cognitive and moral development, others as efforts to uncover the grounds of political legitimacy. Rarely, however, have children's legal understandings been examined as examples of légal consciousness or as part of legal culture.
This essay urges examination of children's understandings of law as elements of legal culture ; these understandings are not outside but part of what law makes available for making sense of and conveying meaning to our daily lives and social relationships. Researchers are urged to beware of importing the notions of one culture into another and of assuming cross-cultural translation of legal concepts. The paper concludes with an example of a cultural analysis of some American adolescents' understandings of rights and law. The paper describes the passionate embrace of legal concepts by a group of thirteen year old American adolescents. To these primarily white, middle class children, growing up and being schooled in a community recognized for its liberalism, the law was empowering. It is not obvious, however, that these understandings would be shared by children of different races, classes, or local cultures.
A quoi sert l'Epistémologie ?
Authors: Granger Gilles Gaston 
Published: February 2015

On Epistemology.
Epistemology, in the continental meaning of "Philosophy of the Sciences" has no direct effects indeed on the advancement of science. But it has an interest, which we propose to suggest, applying epistemology to the case of the social sciences. First, the idea of epistemology as a philosophical discipline, in contradistinction to a science, of the sciences is brought out. Then the specific character of the social sciences qua sciences is analysed, particularly with respect to the notion of explication. In a third section, fact and object in the sciences of man are examined, with a special view to characterize the nature and function in this domain of the concept of structure. The last two sections are devoted to the problem of the status of logical organisation and of normativity in those sciences.
La critique du droit
Authors: Miaille Michel 
Published: February 2015

A Critique of the Law.
Undertaking a critical study of the law is a complex task which first requires that its foundations be explored. If a materialistic approach is adopted, it must allow us to conduct an analysis that is both theoretical and practical ; moreover, not being established dogme, it must lead to a real discussion that remains open-ended. Then, it is proper to decide on ways of conducting this study, both from an academic point of view (the usefulness of the concept of legal interconnection) and from a practical point of view (notably the subject of regulation in law).
Collégialité et bureaucratie dans les firmes américaines d'avocats d'affaires
Authors: Lazega Emmanuel 
Published: February 2015

Collegiality and Bureaucracy in American Corporate Law Firms.
This article summarizes existing literature pertaining to the organizational form of American corporate law firms (the Cravath model), and the current changes experienced by such firms resulting from market pressures and internal growth processes. These changes correspond to the bureaucratization of structure (increased hierarchical organization, departmentalization, polycentric arrangements) and management policies (concerning such issues as work flow, compensation, marketing, evaluation of work quality, management of associates). The author also describes the resistance offered by the collegial form to this bureaucratization, as well as the emergence of new organizational forms (mega-firms, franchized firms, multi-disciplinary partnerships), and the resulting debates concerning the redefinition of professionalism. Given the future uncertainty of the American model in the United States context and the spreading of the Cravath model in continental Europe, European firms will undoubtedly encounter similar changes and difficulties.
Règles juridiques, catégories statistiques et actions sociales
Authors: Beroujon Christiane , Bruxelles Sylvie 
Published: February 2015

Legal Norms, Statistical Categories and Social Actions.
The aim of this article is to provide a reflection upon the status of data obtained from judicial statistics, the reflection being considered as a methodological prerequisite to the use and subsequent analysis of such data. Taking as an example the case of rental litigations, the authors analyze the structure of the juridical mechanism devised to enable rental price fixing, illustrating how the statistical instruments both reflect and contribute to the construction of the social representations of law, representations varying in accordance with the times.
Le contentieux du travail à partir et au-delà des chiffres
Authors: Jeammaud Antoine , Vennin Françoise 
Published: February 2015

Labour Disputes front and beyond Statistics
The use within the past few years of judicial statistics has noticeably enriched knowledge concerning civil litigation in the field of labour relations. Whilst the application in this field of statistical techniques brings out their shortcomingd, it nevertheless suggests their possible combination with other practical procedures. Use of judicial statistics nonetheless provides valuable information concerning the distribution of cases amongst the different categories of jurisdictions and of the various subjects of enquiry submitted to labour courts, as well as results of these enquiries and the exercising of grounds of appeal.
« Vécu juridique », norme et sens de la justice : à propos de l'avortement au Maroc
Authors: Ferrié Jean-Noël , Boëtsch Gilles , Ouafik Amina 
Published: February 2015

« Living with Law », Legal Norm and Sense of Justice : About Abortion in Morocco.
This article reconsiders, from the anthropological point of view, the notion of « vécu juridique ». Starting with a discussion of the « autopoïèse » of the law and field observations made in Casablanca, Morocco, the study attempts to show how the relationship to judicial norms is formed, based on a given idea of justice held by people. This conception depends not on the state of the law, but instead on societal lifestyles. In fact, the actors do not spontaneously distinguish the law from their idea of justice. This relative lack of distinction sets in motion the dynamics of judicial change ; in other words, it determines the acceptible limits of any norm. The social actors do not, therefore, adopt empirical behavior towards the law ; but reconstruct the significance of the norms, either to conform to them or to go against them.
Le sport et l'État de droit : approche sociologique
Authors: Hourcade Michel 
Published: February 2015

Sport and the State of Law : A Sociological Approach.
Through legal proceedings with strong social impacts, sport will often hold in check Basic institutions like the State or the administration of justice. In order to surmount the obstacles illustrated hereafter through case studies, it is necessary to leave the purely legal analysis aside and to turn to the contributions of historical and sociological research which allow an understanding of sports autonomy in its relationship with society and the State. This approach is also instrumental in appraising the specificity and significance of the situation in major European countries, especially in France where the prevailing attitude among judges has so far been characterized by distinct interventionism.
Justice et politique en Algérie 1954-1962
Authors: Thénault Sylvie 
Published: February 2015

Justice and Politics during the Algerian War 1954-1962.
This article studies the links between justice and politics during the Algerian War (1954-1962). Algeria was considered a French « county » which explains why the war could not be declared. Algerian nationalists were seen as criminals and were put on trial. Thus, justice gave in to the political imperative, that of maintaining French sovereignty in Algeria. Indeed, governments had to use legal techniques to enforce repressive laws. Nevertheless, they neither recognized the state of war nor Algeria as a nation. Furthermore, justice had to demonstrate French sovereignty and condemn the nationalists who were contesting it. Finally, the negotiations initiated by general de Gaulle modified the judicial repression. Paradoxally enough, it became both lenient and strict at the same time given that any political negotiations imply both compromise solutions and also the taking of a hard line so as to have the upper hand.
La recherche de la vérité dans le procès civil
Authors: Le Masson Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2015

The Search for Truth in the Civil Trial.
The truth apprehended by the civil trial through judicial syllogism is different from the one sought out in other fields, especially regarding History, as it implies the application of a rule of law to contentious facts. Contemporary civil proceeding texts were meant to fight against the traditional notion of a relative judicial truth by conferring on the judge the power to intercede in establishing the contentious subject while also reinforcing his major role in the qualification of the facts. Nevertheless, faithful to ancestral principles, the judge too often refuses to take into account the development of his task. He uses sparingly his prerogative with regard to the proof, and thus denies any obligation to seek out the rule of law applicable to the facts.
La construction du temps de travail : normes sociales ou normes juridiques ?
Authors: Thoemmes Jens 
Published: February 2015

The Establishment of Working Time : Social Norms or Legal Norms ?
This study investigates the link between both legal and social types of legitimisation of working time. The analysis first brings out the historical emergence of working time as a social and legal norm in the XIXth century, in order to then examine its hybrid character through a sociological approach to regulations, bargaining and conflicts over working time. Our inquiry into two companies points out where conflicts occur between legal rules and customary practice regarding working time. The paper shows that the evolution of the social use of the law depends on the situation of the company, especially with respect to employment. In conclusion, rather than opposing the social to the legal components of working time, we take into account their mutual interaction within the establishment of the actual rules of working time.
L'entreprise : conflits et régulation(s)
Authors: Groux Guy 
Published: February 2015

The Firm : Conflicts and Regulation(s).
Compared to legal laws, the massive intervention of the state was in the past linked to a form of conflict based on the "centrality of labour" and a "specific image of the producer". With the emergence of new paradigms related to the market-place, productivity and employment, original Systems of interactions appear and further extend the relationship between "workers" and "employers". The transformation of the conflict (and the crisis of former types of conflicts) thus questions the role of the state as regulator (itself in crisis). It means changing from a "joint regulation" to a more complicated regulation System and implies new approaches which concern the reconstitution of state functions, links between collective negotiations and the creation of rules, and the emergence in firms of some degree of "self-regulation".