bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defective autophagy in multidrug resistant cells may lead to growth inhibition by BH3‐mimetic gossypol
Authors: Ahn Jun‐Ho , Jang Gun‐Hee , Lee Michael 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe clinical efficacy of many chemotherapeutic agents has been reduced due to the development of drug resistance. In this article, we aimed to validate gossypol, a natural BH3 mimetic found in cottonseeds, as a potential therapeutic to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). Gossypol was found to retain its efficacy in v‐Ha‐ras‐transformed NIH 3T3 cells that overexpressed P‐glycoprotein (Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr), which was similar to the efficacy observed in their parental counterparts (Ras‐NIH 3T3). A rhodamine assay revealed that the alteration of MDR activity did not contribute to the cytotoxic effect of gossypol. Gossypol caused a G2/M arrest by the induction of p21Cip1 and the down‐regulation of p27Kip1 expression in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells, whereas no significant G2/M arrest was exhibited in Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr cells. Surprisingly, a 48‐h treatment with gossypol induced apoptotic cell death in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells; however, gossypol induced both apoptosis and necrosis in Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr cells, as determined with flow cytometry analysis. More notably, gossypol preferentially induced autophagy in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells but not in Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and flow cytometric analysis revealed that gossypol‐induced autophagy is independent of the dissociation of Beclin 1 from Bcl‐2 in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the antiproliferative activity of gossypol appears to be due to cell‐cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, with the induction of apoptosis in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells. In addition, defective autophagy might contribute to apoptotic and necrotic cell death in response to gossypol in Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1496–1505, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
miR‐29b negatively regulates human osteoclastic cell differentiation and function: Implications for the treatment of multiple myeloma‐related bone disease
Authors: Rossi Marco , Pitari Maria Rita , Amodio Nicola , Di Martino Maria Teresa , Conforti Francesco , Leone Emanuela , Botta Cirino , Paolino Francesco Maria , Del Giudice Teresa , Iuliano Eleonora , Caraglia Michele , Ferrarini Manlio , Giordano Antonio , Tagliaferri Pierosandro , Tassone Pierfrancesco 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSkeletal homeostasis relies upon a fine tuning of osteoclast (OCL)‐mediated bone resorption and osteoblast (OBL)‐dependent bone formation. This balance is unsettled by multiple myeloma (MM) cells, which impair OBL function and stimulate OCLs to generate lytic lesions. Emerging experimental evidence is disclosing a key regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of bone homeostasis suggesting the miRNA network as potential novel target for the treatment of MM‐related bone disease (BD). Here, we report that miR‐29b expression decreases progressively during human OCL differentiation in vitro. We found that lentiviral transduction of miR‐29b into OCLs, even in the presence of MM cells, significantly impairs tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAcP) expression, lacunae generation, and collagen degradation, which are relevant hallmarks of OCL activity. Accordingly, expression of cathepsin K and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as well as actin ring rearrangement were impaired in the presence of miR‐29b. Moreover, we found that canonical targets C‐FOS and metalloproteinase 2 are suppressed by constitutive miR‐29b expression which also downregulated the master OCL transcription factor, NAFTc‐1. Overall, these data indicate that enforced expression of miR‐29b impairs OCL differentiation and overcomes OCL activation triggered by MM cells, providing a rationale for miR‐29b‐based treatment of MM‐related BD. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1506–1515, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lesions masquerading as acute stroke
Authors: Liu Xiang , Almast Jeevak , Ekholm Sven 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRapid and accurate recognition of lesions masquerading as acute stroke is important. Any incorrect or delayed diagnosis of stroke mimics will not only increase the risk of being exposed to unnecessary and possibly dangerous interventional therapies, but will also delay proper treatment. In this article, written from a neuroradiologist's perspective, we classified these lesions masquerading as acute stroke into three groups: lesions that may have “normal imaging,” lesions that are “symptom mimics” but on imaging clearly not a stroke, and lesions that are “symptom and imaging mimics” with imaging findings similar to stroke. We focused the review on neuroimaging findings of the latter two groups ending with a suggestion for a diagnostic approach in the form of an algorithm. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:15–34. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Guanidinylation on the Properties of Poly(2‐aminoethylmethacrylate)‐Based Antibacterial Materials
Authors: Mattheis Claudia , Wang Hui , Meister Claus , Agarwal Seema 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of converting ammonium into guanidine moieties, compared to other factors such as molecular weight or hydrophobicity, on the antibacterial activity is investigated for homo‐ and copolymers of 2‐aminoethylmethacrylate in solution or coatings. Polymers are obtained by free radical polymerization, polymer‐analogous guanidinylation is conducted with cyanamide; non‐leaching immobilization is achieved by LBL assembly of homopolymers or crosslinking of functional sidegroups in copolymers. Antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis is determined by different standard methods. Guanidinylation improves antibacterial activity and speed as well as cytotoxicity of hydrophilic homo‐ and copolymers in solution or coatings. magnified image
Influence of Natural Weathering on the Physical Properties of Compatibilized Blends of Poly(propylene)/Polyamide‐6
Authors: Mouffok S. , Kaci M. , Peuvler‐Disdier E. , Aliouche D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: The present paper deals with the effects of natural weathering on the properties of poly(propylene)/polyamide‐6 blends (70/30 wt %) without and with PP‐g‐MA used as the compatibilizer at various content ratios (2, 4 and 6 wt%). The resulted changes in the chemical structure, morphology and mechanical properties of the different blends were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile tests. After one year of outdoor exposure, no important changes in the chemical structure are observed by FT‐IR spectroscopy for both virgin and compatibilized blends. SEM analysis revealed the effectiveness of PP‐g‐MA to improve the compatibility of PP/PA‐6 blends. However, the weathering effect on the morphology of both virgin and compatibilized blends resulted in the formation of voids and cracks on the fracture surfaces, while the ultimate tensile properties decreased considerably. The overall results indicated clearly that the presence of PP‐g‐MA compatibilizer in PP/PA‐6 blends had no influence on the photo‐oxidation process.
Ultrasound Assisted Extrusion of Polyamide 6 Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Banotubes
Authors: Blanco M. , Sarasua J. A. , López M. , Gonzalo O. , Marcaide A. , Muniesa M. , Fernández A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Polyamide 6 (PA6)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites have been prepared by an extrusion process assisted by ultrasounds. The ultrasounds system has been incorporated at the extrusion die, when the material is flowing through the exit channel. The application of an ultrasound field to a polymer melt has been shown a very efficient method to improve productivity of the process. When ultrasounds are applied, the extrudate flow is highly enhanced maintaining the same processing conditions. In addition, the ultrasounds contribute to the deagglomeration of CNTs into the matrix, as can be conclude from the drop in the electrical resistivity values of the nanocomposites observed when ultrasounds are applied. For the system PA6/MWCNT 7wt%., the electrical resistivity increases three orders of magnitude when ultrasounds are employed during the extrusion. In addition, a high reduction in the electrical percolation index is obtained for nanocomposites extrudated by the assistance of ultrasounds.
Synthesis and Study of New Copolymers Capable of Forming Molecular Complexes with DNA
Authors: Davydova N.K. , Sinitsyna O.V. , Yaminsky I.V. , Kalinina E.V. , Zinoviev K.E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: The possibility of creating the copolymers capable of specific interactions with DNA was studied. The copolymers of acrylamide and synthesized N‐substituted acrylamides were obtained by free‐radical copolymerization in aqueous medium. Using atomic force microscopy it was demonstrated that some of the obtained copolymers form molecular complexes with the bacteriophage lambda DNA. Potentially, the copolymers can be used for detection of DNA in sensing applications.
Novel Microorganisms Resistant HDPE Composites with Wood Fiber and Nanosilica Containing Immobilized Nanosilver
Authors: Jeziórska R. , Zielecka M. , Szadkowska A. , Gutarowska B. , Żakowska Z. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: The effect of silica containing immobilized nanosilver (SiO2 − Ag) on the structure, mechanical and bactericidal properties of wood‐filled high density polyethylene composites compounded in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder and then injection molded was investigated. Maleated high density polyethylene (MHDPE) was used to improve mechanical properties, while spherical nanosilica containing immobilized nanosilver modified bactericidal properties of wood‐filled HDPE composites. It was found that the addition of silica in the presence of MHDPE improves adhesion between HDPE and wood fiber. DMTA measurements confirmed these observations, showing toughening effect in the presence of SiO2 − Ag and MHDPE. The gradual enhancement in tensile and flexural strength, elongation and Charpy impact of the wood‐filled HDPE composites containing MHDPE and SiO2 − Ag was observed. Nanosilica practically did not affect tensile and flexural moduli of the wood‐filled HDPE composites, pointing to a toughing effect. Wood‐filled HDPE composites modified with nanosilica containing immobilized nanosilver were found to be active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium whereas unmodified (without SiO2 − Ag) did not show this efficacy. Thus wood‐filled HDPE composites containing SiO2 − Ag are effective bactericidal materials.
Isothermal Crystallization Behavior of Poly(p‐dioxanone) Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposites
Authors: Zubitur M. , Cortázar M. , Mugica A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Isothermal crystallization of nanocomposites of poly(p‐dioxanone) and layered double hydroxides (unmodified or oganically modified) prepared by melt extrusion has been studied by Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry and Optical Microscopy. Although the nanoclay acts as a nucleating agent, the spherulite growth rate of the nanocomposites decreases due to the polymer chain mobility restriction induced by layered double hydroxides. In addition, it has not observed any change on the crystallization mechanism in presence of layered double hydroxides.
Polyethylene Blends: Better Formulations for Recycled Polyethylene
Authors: de Oliveira Sampaio M. M. B. , Pimentel Real L. E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: To evaluate the performance of recycled high density polyethylene for pipe applications, blends containing 10, 30 and 50% of recycled in a PE T100N matrix were prepared and characterized using several instrumental analysis methods. The thermal analysis was performed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry in the temperature ranges [23 °C, 300 °C] and [25 °C, 550 °C], respectively. Other technics as DMA, FTIR, XRD and MFR were used. The experimental results have showed that incorporation of recycled PE in PE T100N leads to poorer properties and it requires an upgrading with suitable additives.
Dietary flavonoid genistein induces Nrf2 and phase II detoxification gene expression via ERKs and PKC pathways and protects against oxidative stress in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Zhai Xiaohan , Lin Musen , Zhang Feng , Hu Yan , Xu Xiaomei , Li Yubing , Liu Kexin , Ma Xiaochi , Tian Xiaofeng , Yao Jihong 
Published: December 2012

ScopeFlavonoids have well‐known antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐cancer activities. Isoflavone genistein is considered a potent antioxidant agent against oxidative stress. Although several mechanisms have been proposed, a clear antioxidant mechanism of genistein is still remained to be answered.Methods and resultsIn this study, we focused on the concerted effects on expression of Nrf2 and phase II enzyme pathway components. Transient transfection assays, RT‐PCR and immunoblot analysis were performed to study its molecular mechanisms of action. In Caco‐2 cells, treatment with genistein markedly attenuated H2O2‐induced peroxide formation; this amelioration was reversed by buthionine sulfoximine(GCLC inhibitor) and zinc protoporphyrin(HO‐1 inhibitor). Genistein increased HO‐1 and GCLC mRNA and protein expression. Genistein treatment activated the ERK1/2 and PKC signaling pathway; therefore increased Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression. The roles of the ERK1/2 and PKC signaling pathway were determined using PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) and GF109203X (PKC inhibitor) and RNA interference directed against Nrf2. Both inhibitors and siNrf2 abolished genistein‐induced HO‐1 and GCLC protein expression. These results suggest the involvement of ERK1/2, PKC, and Nrf2 in inducing HO‐1 and GCLC by genistein.ConclusionOur studies show that genistein up‐regulated HO‐1 and GCLC expression through the EKR1/2 and PKC /Nrf2 pathways during oxidative stress.
A Life Course Perspective on Urban–Rural Migration: the Importance of the Local Context
Authors: Stockdale Aileen , Catney Gemma 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe relationship between migration and age has long been established, and most recently, there have been calls for the inclusion of a life course perspective to migration research. In this paper, we explore Northern Ireland's internal migration patterns, and in particular, we test for the importance of urban to rural migration at different stages of the life course. Data from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study are used for the first time to analyse urban–rural migration patterns. The resulting modelling demonstrates unique aspects of urban to rural migration within Northern Ireland, which up until now have gone largely unreported.Results from logistic regression modelling suggest that there is an age selectivity to urban–rural mobility but not necessarily at the life course stages predicted from a review of the life course migration literature. Individuals in younger age groups (at the household and family formation stages of the life course) are most likely to make an urban to rural move in Northern Ireland, with a decline in the likelihood of this move type with age. Possible explanations are offered linked to Northern Ireland's settlement hierarchy, rural planning policy, and family farming traditions. The findings challenge researchers to pay due attention to how migration processes may play out differently in varying geographical, social, and planning contexts and emphasise the importance of structural factors to explain migration patterns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of oxygen‐to‐metal ratio on densification behavior in the sintering process of PuO2 pellets
Authors: Uchida Teppei , Sunaoshi Takeo , Kato Masato 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of oxygen‐to‐metal (O/M) ratio on the sintering behavior of plutonium oxide pellets was evaluated from shrinkage measurements in isochronal heating from 973 K to 1923 K and isothermal heating at 1573 K and 1923 K. Air and Ar/H2 gas for which its P/P ratio was controlled using added moisture (H2/H2O) were used as measurement atmospheres. During isochronal heating, shrinkage began at lower temperature with increasing P/P ratio in the Ar/H2 gas atmosphere. On the other hand, shrinkage began at the lowest temperature, 1100K, in the air atmosphere and sintering in air was dominated by two mechanisms. During isothermal heating, the sintering mechanism was evaluated from the shrinkage ratio. In each atmosphere, sintering was dominated by a slow sintering mechanism. Grain growth did not progress in air and it depended on P/P ratio in the Ar/H2 gas atmosphere with added moisture. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bourdieu's notion of cultural capital and its implications for the science curriculum
Authors: CLAUSSEN STEPHANIE , OSBORNE JONATHAN 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that Bourdieu's notion of cultural capital has significant value for identifying the “worth” of a science education. His notion of “embodied,” “objectified,” and “institutionalized” cultural capital is used as a theoretical lens to identify both the intrinsic value of scientific knowledge and its extrinsic value for future employment. This analysis suggests that science education misses three opportunities to establish its value to its students and the wider public. First, science education commonly has a poor understanding of the nature of embodied capital that it offers, failing to communicate the cultural achievement that science represents. Second, it fails to see itself as a means of developing the critical dispositions of mind, which are the hallmark of a scientist but also useful to all citizens. Third, given the policy emphasis on educating the next generation of scientists, it fails to exploit the one major element of cultural capital that science education is currently seen to offer by scientists, the public, and its students—that is the value that science qualifications have for future employment. Bourdieu's concept that the primary function of education is to sustain the culture and privilege of the dominant groups in society offers a lens that helps to identify how and why these apparent contradictions exist. Drawing on Bourdieu's ideas, we develop a perspective to critique current practice and identify the possible contributions science education might make to remediating social injustice.
Undoing decontextualization or how scientists come to understand their own data/graphs
Authors: ROTH WOLFF‐MICHAEL 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe sciences have been so successful in the course of recent human history because the (mathematical) representations they use articulate laws and relations independent of contextual particulars and contingencies of concrete situations. This allows verification anywhere and at any time, and, therefore, the objectivity of scientific phenomena. Decontextualization, however, may make interpretation difficult even for scientists. This ethnographic study of a scientific lab investigating the absorption of light in the eyes of salmonid fish was designed to investigate the role of context in the understanding of data and graphs in science. Drawing on data from a 5‐year ethnographic study of laboratory science, I exhibit the effort scientists mobilize to learn by reconstructing the context from which their data have been abstracted. Without recontextualization, scientists struggle making sense of the study results that emerge from their work. Scientists require familiarity with the settings from which the data derive and with the entire transformation process that produce graphical representations to be able to interpret the data. This has considerable implications for teaching graphs and graphing and for using graph interpretation tasks. Rather than being a decontextualized basic process skill, graphing competency is a function of familiarity with both scientific object and the research process as a whole.
Anisotropy of Retained Austenite Stability during Transformation to Martensite in a TRIP‐Assisted Steel
Authors: Emadoddin Esmaeil , Akbarzadeh Abbas , Petrov Roumen , Zhao Lie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRetained austenite as a key constituent in final microstructure plays an important role in TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels. The volume fraction, carbon concentration, size, and morphology of this phase are the well‐known parameters which effects on the rate of transformation of retained austenite to martensite and the properties of steel, are studied by many researchers. Of the transformation of retained austenite to martensite under strain in a TRIP steel is studied in this paper. The experimental results show that the transformation rate of retained, austenite with similar characteristics, to martensite in differently processed TRIP steel samples, exhibits an anisotropic behavior. This phenomenon implies a kind of variant selection of martensitic reaction of retained austenite under strain and is explained by ferrite texture developed in steel.
Linguistic multicriteria decision making for energy systems: building the ‘RE2S’ framework
Authors: Doukas Haris 
Published: December 2012

Linguistic multicriteria decision‐making aid methods are explored, with different linguistic representation and computational models. These methods, been only recently used in energy‐related applications, use linguistic variables in a finite and totally ordered scale. Building on these methods, the ‘RE2S’ integrated framework for renewable energy policy support, is presented and its pilot appraisal is discussed. This review claims that the presented extensions of the Linguistic Ordered Weighted Averaging and TOPSIS methods, based on the 2‐tuple representation model and the Gödels transformation, can support energy policy problems, narrowing the differences between energy policy‐makers thinking, reasoning, representation, and computing.This article is categorized under:

Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Methodological issues when analysing the role of physical activity in gastric cancer prevention: a critical review
Authors: Ayán C. , Cancela J. , Molina A. , Fernández T. , Martín V. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The beneficial effect of physical activity (PA) has been confirmed in several types of cancer (especially colon and breast tumours). However, the role of PA as a risk factor directly related to the incidence of gastric cancer is still open to doubt. This is in part due to the fact that most studies have not considered gastric sub-site or histology of oesophageal cancer, as well as the different approaches used in order to measure PA. Indeed, some studies have tried to link gastric cancer to PA intensity and timing, whereas others have focused on a specific PA type such as recreational, occupational or sporting activity. Furthermore, most of them do not use validated questionnaires, and others create a PA index and employ different unit measures (metabolic equivalents, hours/week, times per week, etc.), which makes it difficult to compare its findings. Under these circumstances, this brief critical review aims to explore and show all the methodological issues that need to be taken into account in order to objectify the link between PA and gastric cancer, as well as provide alternative solutions to these matters.