bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antisociality and the Construct of Psychopathy: Data From Across the Globe
Authors: Neumann Craig S. , Hare Robert D. , Pardini Dustin A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPrevious theory and research on the structural, longitudinal, and genetic nature of psychopathy have provided strong conceptual and empirical evidence that overt antisociality is a component of the psychopathy construct (Hare & Neumann, 2008, 2010; Lynam & Miller, 2012). However, determination of the strength of the association between antisociality and other psychopathic features has not been explored systematically. The current article draws on previously published large North American studies, as well as data from across the globe, to estimate the strength and pattern of the associations between overt antisociality and other psychopathic domains in a diverse set of samples. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate model parameters from samples that had data on either the Psychopathy Checklist‐Instruments (PCL‐R, PCL: YV, PCL: SV) or self‐report assessments that have known latent structures (SRP, B‐Scan 360). In addition, two relatively large samples (male offenders and young adult males), assessed with both the PCL‐R and the SRP, provided an opportunity to examine the link between antisociality and the other psychopathy domains across different assessment methods. The overall findings indicate that the associations were moderate to strong, depending on the nature of the sample, and clearly indicate that antisociality is a core component of the psychopathy construct.
When Do Personality and Emotion Predict Destructive Behavior During Relationship Conflict? The Role of Perceived Commitment Asymmetry
Authors: Lemay Edward P. , Dobush Sarah 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe current research examined whether perceived asymmetries in relationship commitment moderate the associations of personality traits and emotional states with enactment of hostile behavior during relationship conflicts. Participants included both members of 53 heterosexual romantic couples (Mage = 25.5 years). Participants completed questionnaire measures assessing personality traits, emotional states, relationship commitment, and perceptions of their partner's commitment. Participants then had an observed conflict discussion with their partner, which was rated by a panel of objective observers for hostile behavior. When participants perceived that they were less committed than their partners, their enactment of hostile behavior was predicted by traits and states that are associated with antisocial and pro‐social orientations (i.e., agreeableness, trait anger, chronic jealousy, and state negative emotion). In contrast, participants who perceived that they were more committed than their partners tended to refrain from hostile behavior, despite traits or states that may suggest hostile inclinations. These results suggest that perceiving that one is less committed than one's partner promotes behavioral expression of interpersonal dispositions and emotions, whereas perceiving that one is more committed than one's partner motivates inhibition of hostile behavior.
Vulnerability to Loneliness in People with Intellectual Disability: An Explanatory Model
Authors: Gilmore Linda , Cuskelly Monica 
Published: September 2014

AbstractResearch with typically developing groups has identified loneliness as a significant predictor of a range of physical and mental health problems. This paper reviews research about loneliness in children and adults with intellectual disability. Although a considerable body of evidence has highlighted the difficulties individuals with intellectual disability have with friendships, there is a relative scarcity of research focused explicitly on loneliness. The available evidence suggests that up to half of persons with intellectual disability are chronically lonely, compared with around 15–30% of people in the general population. The cognitive, physical, and mental health problems already associated with intellectual disability are likely to be compounded by experiences of chronic loneliness. We argue that people with intellectual disability are highly vulnerable to loneliness and present a theoretical model of vulnerability that comprises three reciprocally influencing domains: social attitudes and expectations; opportunities and experiences; and skill deficits associated with intellectual disability. We propose that societal views that have traditionally devalued and stigmatized persons with intellectual disability limit their opportunities for experiencing social and emotional connectedness with others. Individual skill deficits in areas such as communication, self‐regulation, and social understanding, as well as functional difficulties associated with intellectual disability, also potentially influence the opportunities and experiences of people with intellectual disability, both directly and via multiple layers of the social context. In turn, limited opportunities will entrench particular skill deficits and reinforce negative attitudes toward intellectual disability. The model proposed in this paper provides a starting point for developing a more sophisticated understanding of the experience of loneliness for individuals with intellectual disability.
Shifting the Paradigm: An Assessment of the Quality of Fall Risk Reduction in Nebraska Hospitals
Authors: Jones Katherine J. , Venema Dawn M. , Nailon Regina , Skinner Anne M. , High Robin , Kennel Victoria 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeTo assess the prevalence of evidence‐based fall risk reduction structures and processes in Nebraska hospitals; whether fall rates are associated with specific structures and processes; and whether fall risk reduction structures, processes, and outcomes vary by hospital type—Critical Access Hospital (CAH) versus non‐CAH.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of Nebraska's 83 general community hospitals, 78% of which are CAHs. We used a negative binomial rate model to estimate fall rates while adjusting for hospital volume (patient days) and the exact Pearson chi‐square test to determine associations between hospital type and the structure and process of fall risk reduction.FindingsApproximately two‐thirds or more of 70 hospitals used 6 of 9 evidence‐based universal fall risk reduction interventions; 50% or more used 14 of 16 evidence‐based targeted interventions. After adjusting for hospital volume, hospitals in which teams integrated evidence from multiple disciplines and reflected upon data and modified polices/procedures based upon data had significantly lower total and injurious fall rates per 1,000 patient days than hospitals that did not. Non‐CAHs were significantly more likely than CAHs to perform 5 organizational‐level fall risk reduction processes. CAHs reported significantly greater total (5.9 vs 4.0) and injurious (1.7 vs 0.9) fall rates per 1,000 patient days than did non‐CAHs.ConclusionsHospital type was a significant predictor of fall rates. However, shifting the paradigm for fall risk reduction from a nursing‐centric approach to one in which teams implement evidence‐based practices and learn from data may decrease fall risk regardless of hospital type.
Rural‐Urban Differences in Mental Health, Resilience, Stigma, and Social Support Among Young Australian Gay Men
Authors: Lyons Anthony , Hosking Warwick , Rozbroj Tomas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeDepression and anxiety are common among young gay men, particularly in comparison with their heterosexual counterparts. Little is known about the mental health and well‐being of those living in rural areas, where access to support and opportunities for connecting with other gay men may be relatively limited. We examined differences in the well‐being of young rural and urban Australian gay men, including mental health, resilience, stigma‐related challenges, and social support.MethodsA national online survey was conducted involving 1,034 Australian gay‐identified men aged 18‐39 years.FindingsAll analyses adjusted for sociodemographic differences between the rural and urban samples. On average, rural men had significantly lower self‐esteem, lower life satisfaction, lower social support, and were significantly more likely to be psychologically distressed, concerned about acceptance from others, and to conceal their sexual orientation compared to urban gay men. While resilience among the rural group was lower, this was no longer significant following sociodemographic adjustment. An examination of psychosocial predictors of psychological distress in the rural sample revealed that lower education and lower tangible support independently predicted greater distress.ConclusionsYoung rural Australian gay men appear to be at a considerable disadvantage with regard to mental health and well‐being compared with their urban counterparts, and they may need particular attention in mental health prevention and treatment programs.
Effectiveness of intervention led by a community pharmacist for improving recognition of sleep apnea in primary care – a cohort study
Authors: Perraudin Clémence , Fleury Bernard , Pelletier‐Fleury Nathalie 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDespite its high prevalence and major public health ramifications, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) remains underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to determine whether the involvement of a community pharmacist (CP) in the care pathway of a patient at risk of OSAS, through the implementation of a community pharmacist (CP) intervention, was effective, i.e. increased the use of diagnostic tests in this population. We compared a cohort of patients included in a research protocol (exposed to a CP intervention) with patients having the same characteristics taken from a general population database who did not receive the intervention (unexposed group). The aim of the CP intervention was to educate patients about the risk of untreated OSAS, encouraging them to consult their general practitioner, and urging the doctor to continue investigations. We included 782 patients at risk of OSAS, i.e. taking one or more anti‐hypertensive drugs, being overweight (body mass index >25) and snoring almost every night (88 in the exposed group and 694 in the unexposed group). After a 6‐month follow‐up, the number of patients who underwent an OSAS diagnostic test was significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the unexposed group (22.7 versus 11.4%, P = 0.003). Being exposed to the pharmacist intervention was associated with a higher chance of undergoing a diagnostic test for OSAS, adjusted odds ratio: 2.24 (1.25–4.01). In conclusion, these findings provide arguments for the implementation of a CP OSAS screening intervention in CP routine practice.
Soluble CD163 is an indicator of liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus
Authors: Dultz G. , Gerber L. , Farnik H. , Berger A. , Vermehren J. , Pleli T. , Zeuzem S. , Piiper A. , Kronenberger B. , Waidmann O. 
Published: September 2014

SummarySoluble CD163 (sCD163), a marker for macrophage activation, was found to be associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether serum sCD163 levels correlate with liver inflammation and fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In a retrospective cohort study, serum sCD163 levels were assessed by ELISA together with clinical and laboratory data in 186 patients with chronic HBV infection and 15 healthy controls. The relation between parameters for liver fibrosis and necroinflammation and sCD163 levels was analysed. Additionally, sCD163 was quantified in a subset of follow‐up serum samples after initiation of antiviral treatment. sCD163 levels differed among phases of chronic HBV infection (P < 0.0001), and sCD163 concentrations were associated with inflammatory activity and fibrosis in the liver. sCD163 levels ≥1961 ng/l had a high specificity in the identification of subjects with substantial fibrosis (F ≥ 2). sCD163 concentrations decreased significantly after initiation of antiviral treatment. The correlation of sCD163 levels with necroinflammation and fibrosis and the sCD163 decline under treatment indicates that macrophage activation plays a role in HBV‐related liver pathogenesis.
Reservoir volumetric and sedimentation survey data: A necessary tool for evaluating historic sediment flux and appropriate mitigation response
Authors: McAlister Jason R. , Fox William E. , Wilcox Bradford , Srinivasan Raghavan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMulti‐frequency reservoir survey techniques offer a technological means to verify historic sediment delivery estimates and to quantify the effectiveness of conservation implementation. A multi‐year, multi‐frequency acoustic survey of Granger Lake, Texas, was undertaken to demonstrate the application of this technology and the value of its derivatives. Granger Lake is a drinking water resource for surrounding cities, perceived as being threatened by agriculture‐driven sedimentation, and the focus of a watershed conservation implementation programme. Objectives of the present study were to (i) conduct sub‐bottom profiling to verify the pre‐impoundment capacity of the reservoir; (ii) plot historic bathymetric datasets, including pre‐impoundment surface determined by low‐frequency acoustics, identifying any changes in annualized sediment delivery curve to date; and (iii) quantify changes in sediment delivery resulting from agricultural conservation practices implemented as part of the Granger Lake Watershed Assessment and Implementation Project. The sediment‐profiling results indicated that the pre‐impoundment design estimates were overstated, thereby skewing historic sediment delivery estimates. Adjusting the 1980 pre‐impoundment volume of Granger Lake indicated that the historic trend in Granger Lake sedimentation/water storage loss was markedly less acute. Although sedimentation did accelerate somewhat in the mid‐1990s, the intervals following the 1995–2002 survey period revealed a trend of decelerating sedimentation. Reduced sedimentation as a response to conservation implementation is not distinguishable beyond what is seen as a steady downward trend in sediment delivery. Insights from this study highlight the important role of multi‐frequency reservoir survey techniques for refining watershed conservation and/or reservoir sustaining strategies.
Does reservoir age influence reproductive tactics in opportunistic fishes? An analysis of Astyanax minor reproduction in water supply reservoirs of southern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Elton C. , Muelbert Adriane E. , Silva Juliano P. A. , Ghisi Nédia C. , Fávaro Luís F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the reproductive tactics of the ‘lambari tetra’ (Astyanax minor) in two reservoirs of different age (Iraí Reservoir = 5–6 years old; Passaúna Reservoir = 17–18 years old), both being located in the same geographical region in southern Brazil. Sampling took place monthly from July 2006 to June 2007 in both reservoirs. Collected specimens were identified and their morphometric data measured. The gonads were macroscopically and microscopically analysed. Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and condition factor results indicate there was a higher reproductive investment in Passaúna Reservoir for both sexes, although with lower total condition. The occurrence of partially spawned ovaries allowed the characterization of partial spawning in both reservoirs. Higher growth rates and the largest individuals were found in Passaúna Reservoir for both sexes, according to length–weight relationships and length class distributions. Significant seasonal sexual rate differences were only detected in Passaúna Reservoir, with male predominance. Total length explained just a small fraction of GSI variability of mature females and males, supporting the hypothesis of local factor influence. It was concluded that this species uses distinct reproductive tactics in each of the two studied reservoirs and that these tactics seem to be reflective of environmental stability.
Stratification, diel and seasonal energy transfers in Malilangwe Reservoir in the south‐eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe
Authors: Dalu Tatenda , Moyo Sydney , Clegg Bruce W. , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study provides a 9‐month record of Malilangwe Reservoir stratification and diel and seasonal energy transfers between February and October 2011. The reservoir was not strongly stratified during the hot‐wet season (February and March), exhibiting low dissolved oxygen concentrations of <2 mg DO L−1 in the bottom layers (<6 m depth). During the cool‐dry season, when both the air temperature and solar radiation input decreased, the water temperatures in the epilimnion and across the thermocline decreased, and the water column was very weakly stratified. In this state, the reservoir could easily be mixed, even by light winds, resulting in overturning, thereby giving the bottom water an opportunity to become aerated, as observed during the cool‐dry season. The stability was greatest when the water level was high (during midday), while it was considerably lower during the predawn hours. The calculated annual Birgean heat budget for the reservoir was 110 MJ m−2 year−1 for February to October 2011. The diurnal Birgean heat budget was consistently associated with heat loss over a 24 hour period in all seasons, mostly between 0400 and 1000 h. Spearman's correlation suggests that the DO was significantly correlated with stability for the three study months (February r = 0.69, P < 0.05; June r = −0.76, P < 0.001; October r = 0.96, P < 0.001). The results of this study suggests that warming temperatures (warmer months or seasons) will result in high Birgean heat budgets, which could potentially trigger some important changes in plankton population dynamics in small reservoir, with severe water quality implications. The nutrient concentrations varied throughout the seasons.
Multi‐Scale Geometric‐Semantic Modeling of Shield Tunnels for GIS and BIM Applications
Authors: Borrmann A. , Kolbe T.H. , Donaubauer A. , Steuer H. , Jubierre J.R. , Flurl M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe planning of large infrastructure facilities such as inner‐city subway tracks requires the consideration of widely differing scales, ranging from the kilometer scale for the general routing of the track down to the centimeter scale for detailed design of connection points. On the one hand this implies the utilization of both, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as well as Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools, for performing the required analysis, modeling, and visualization tasks. On the other hand, a sound foundation of handling multi‐scale representations is required. Although multi‐scale modeling is already well established in the GIS field, there are no corresponding approaches in Infrastructure BIM so far. However, multi‐scale concepts are also much needed in the BIM context, as the planning process typically provides only rough information in the early stages and increasingly detailed and fine‐grained information in later stages. To meet this demand, this article presents a comprehensive concept for incorporating multi‐scale representations with building information models, with a particular focus on the geometric‐semantic modeling of shield tunnels. Based on a detailed analysis of the data modeling methods used in CityGML and the requirements present in the context of infrastructure planning projects, we discuss potential extensions to the BIM data model Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for incorporating multi‐scale representations of shield tunnels. Particular emphasis is put on providing means for preserving the consistency of the representation across the different Levels‐of‐Detail (LoDs), while taking into account both semantics and geometry. For realizing consistency preservation mechanisms, we propose to apply a procedural geometry description which makes it possible to define explicit dependencies between geometric entities on different LoDs. The modification of an object on a coarse level consequently results in an automated update of all dependent objects on the finer levels. Finally, we discuss the transformation of the IFC‐based multi‐scale tunnel model into a CityGML compliant tunnel representation.
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Synthetic Evaluation Models for the Health Monitoring of Shield Tunnels
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Ke , Lei Changzheng , Zhang Yuncong , Li Huixin , Spencer Bill F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMany uncertainties remain in tunnel health evaluation due to a lack of specific information, data scarcity, misleading or conflicting information due to the complex nature of geo‐materials, and even the ambiguity in the concept of tunnel health. This article addresses the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) synthetic evaluation models, which merge different types of data from multiple sensors to map them into the health rating scores of shield tunnels. A piecewise distribution was chosen for membership functions, and an exponential scale was introduced for a better characterization of the scales for weight sets. A series of fuzzy operation symbols, namely fuzzy operators, were defined to yield the fuzzy synthetic evaluation indexes (FSEIs) for monitoring factors. The fuzzy‐AHP evaluation procedure applied to the models was demonstrated. Moreover, a case study on Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel was presented to verify the feasibility and efficiency of the models and the procedure. The fuzzy‐AHP health evaluations for monitoring factors, segments, rings, and the whole tunnel were implemented in succession using the models and following the procedure. The calculated FSEIs were compared with the rating scales to determine the corresponding action strategies. The segments with poor health conditions can then be identified for administrative maintenance or repairing measures. Such evaluation results will enhance the knowledge of designers and aid them for optimization when they are designing similar tunnels. The investigations indicate that the proposed fuzzy‐AHP models characterize the fuzziness of tunnel health well and will be useful for clarifying the tunnel health evaluation uncertainties to both designers and administrators.
Lethality of sortase depletion in Actinomyces oris caused by excessive membrane accumulation of a surface glycoprotein
Authors: Wu Chenggang , Huang I‐Hsiu , Chang Chungyu , Reardon‐Robinson Melissa Elizabeth , Das Asis , Ton‐That Hung 
Published: September 2014

SummarySortase, a cysteine‐transpeptidase conserved in Gram‐positive bacteria, anchors on the cell wall many surface proteins that facilitate bacterial pathogenesis and fitness. Genetic disruption of the housekeeping sortase in several Gram‐positive pathogens reported thus far attenuates virulence, but not bacterial growth. Paradoxically, we discovered that depletion of the housekeeping sortase SrtA was lethal for Actinomyces oris; yet, all of its predicted cell wall‐anchored protein substrates (AcaA‐N) were individually dispensable for cell viability. Using Tn5‐transposon mutagenesis to identify factors that upend lethality of srtA deletion, we uncovered a set of genetic suppressors harbouring transposon insertions within genes of a locus encoding AcaC and a LytR‐CpsA‐Psr (LCP)‐like protein. AcaC was shown to be highly glycosylated and dependent on LCP for its glycosylation. Upon SrtA depletion, the glycosylated form of AcaC, hereby renamed GspA, was accumulated in the membrane. Overexpression of GspA in a mutant lacking gspA and srtA was lethal; conversely, cells overexpressing a GspA mutant missing a membrane‐localization domain were viable. The results reveal a unique glycosylation pathway in A. oris that is coupled to cell wall anchoring catalysed by sortase SrtA. Significantly, this novel phenomenon of glyco‐stress provides convenient cell‐based assays for developing a new class of inhibitors against Gram‐positive pathogens.