bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in children
Authors: Dokumcu Zafer , Ozcan Coskun , Alper Hudaver , Erdener Ata 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlthough pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are relatively rare in children, they are important in the differential diagnosis of common pulmonary problems, such as hypoxemia, hemoptysis and dyspnea on exertion. We report the cases of two PAVM patients with different presentations and describe the treatment strategies.
Drug treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in Japan: Questionnaire survey
Authors: Ogawa Ryo , Mori Rintaro , Sako Mayumi , Kageyama Misao , Tamura Masanori , Namba Fumihiko 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common complications in premature infants. Although several different drugs have been developed for BPD, there is a wide variation in the choice of drug used among facilities. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey of the current drugs used to treat BPD in Japan. Questionnaires regarding the current use of drugs for BPD were sent to tertiary neonatal units. The response rate was 80% (77/96). Most units used antenatal steroids and oral diuretics for the prevention and treatment of BPD, respectively. Only 4% used caffeine for prevention, whereas 88% used systemic corticosteroids for treatment. Few units used inhaled anticholinergics and i.v. vitamins for the prevention and treatment of BPD, respectively. It was found that the drugs used to treat BPD vary greatly among institutions. Further research is required to develop evidence‐based clinical guidelines for BPD in premature infants.
Tolvaptan in a pediatric patient with diuretic‐resistant heart and kidney failure
Authors: Hirano Daishi , Kakegawa Daisuke , Yamada Akifumi , Ito Akira , Miwa Saori , Ida Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDespite conventional diuretic therapy, volume overload persists in many patients with decompensated heart failure. Adverse effects of diuretics are common, including worsening kidney function and electrolyte disturbance. Furthermore, decreased kidney function also affects the response to diuretics and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. A 10‐year‐old boy with congestive heart failure (CHF) complicated by advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) presented with oliguria and generalized edema. He was being treated with furosemide and spironolactone, and these doses were increased to 3 mg/kg/day after admission. Although edema decreased temporarily, the symptoms worsened and furosemide resistance developed 2 months later. Tolvaptan (0.1 mg/kg/day) was started, resulting in a gradual increase in the plasma sodium level and adequate decongestion of the volume overload state. Cardiac function also improved. The use of tolvaptan should be considered in pediatric cases of conventional diuretic‐resistant CHF, even when complicated by advanced CKD.
Geach, Aristotle and Predicate Logics
Authors: Orenstein Alex 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGeach's account of the Aristotelian logic of categorical sentences supplemented the views shared by Frege, Russell, Quine and others. I argue that this particular predicate logic approach and Geach's points apply to only one variety of natural language categorical sentences. For example, it takes the universal categorical as a universal conditional “If anything is a man, then it is mortal”. A different natural language form can and should be invoked: “Every man is a mortal.” Employing special restricted quantifiers in a version of predicate logic, we justify a full square of opposition and the rules of quality and quantity that Geach rejected.
Peter Geach and “The Frege Point”
Authors: White Roger M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPeter Geach frequently showed the relevance of some of Frege's insights to contemporary philosophical debates, such as that which Geach called “the Frege Point” – “a proposition may occur in discourse now asserted, now unasserted, and yet be recognizably the same proposition”. Geach argued against a variety of “expressivist” accounts of certain propositions that their proponents could not explain the significance of such propositions in subordinate clauses. The paper extends Geach's argument to show that “the Frege Point” presents a powerful challenge to any attempt, such as those influenced by the later Wittgenstein, to equate meaning with use.
Differential serodiagnostics of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati – is it possible?
Authors: Poulsen C. S. , Skov S. , Yoshida A. , Skallerup P. , Maruyama H. , Thamsborg S. M. , Nejsum P. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryOne of the most common zoonotic helminth infections is caused by species in the genus Toxocara, particularly Toxocara canis and T. cati (Syn. T. mystax). However, their relative contribution to toxocarosis in humans remains largely unknown because causative larvae are seldom recovered and uncertainties regarding the validity of existing serological assays. In this study, we used sera from a pig model experimentally infected with T. canis and T. cati to evaluate whether a Western blot could discriminate between the two species. No proteins were observed that could be used as a diagnostic tool. In addition, a heterogenic protein pattern between individual hosts was found, which was most pronounced in the T. cati‐infected pigs. There is therefore an urgent need to optimize and validate current methods or develop new species‐specific serological methods in order to implement appropriate control measures.
Deficiency of decorin induces expression of Foxp3 in CD4+CD25+T cells in a murine model of allergic asthma
Authors: Borges Marcos C. , Narayanan Venkatesan , Iozzo Renato V. , Ludwig Mara S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveDecorin (Dcn), an extracellular matrix proteoglycan, has several important biological functions, and its deposition is altered in the airway wall of humans with asthma and animal models of asthma. Due to its high affinity for transforming growth factor beta (TGF)‐β, Dcn can function as part of a negative feedback mechanism, resulting in the regulation of this factor's bioavailability. Dcn deficient (Dcn−/−) mice develop reduced airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in response to repeated allergen challenge; we investigated whether regulatory T cells play a role in the diminished airway response of Dcn−/− mice.MethodsDcn−/− and Dcn+/+ mice (C57Bl/6) were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged intra‐nasally 3 days/week × 3 weeks. After allergen challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage was collected to quantify total and differential cell counts and cytokine levels. Inflammatory cell number and cytokine messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) production were assessed in lung tissues. Cells from lung and spleen were extracted to evaluate regulatory T cells.ResultsTissue inflammation and interleukin (IL)‐13 mRNA expression were significantly increased in OVA‐challenged Dcn+/+ mice, only. The increased expression of Foxp3 in CD4+CD25+ T cells found in lung of OVA‐challenged Dcn−/− mice was accompanied by an increase in IL‐10 mRNA.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that a diminished lung inflammation in OVA challenged Dcn−/− mice was accompanied by a higher expression of regulatory T cells and IL‐10 mRNA levels. These results reinforce the importance of Dcn in biological processes, particularly in an allergic model of asthma.
Monitoring of Aerodynamic Load and Detection of Stall in Multi Stage Axial Compressors
Authors: Hönen H. , Gallus H. E. 
Published: February 2015

The unsteady flow in a single stage axial flow compressor at different operating conditions has been investigated with hot wire and hot film probes to find out the influence of the aerodynamic compressor load onto the periodic fluctuations. These results are compared with measurements in the last stages of a multi stage high pressure compressor of a gas turbine for normal operation and under stall conditions.
From the patterns of the frequency spectra of the measuring signals a parameter for the detection of the approach to the stability line of a compressor is derived. A method for the on line monitoring of the aerodynamic load is presented. Based on these results a monitoring system has been developed. First experiences with this system, applied to two multi stage compressors are reported.
Status of the Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Development Program: Year 2 Progress
Authors: Itoh Takane , Kimura Hidetomo 
Published: February 2015

A seven-year program, designated “Research & Development of Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine Engine (CGT Program)”, was started in June 1990 with the object of demonstrating the advantageous potentials of ceramic gas turbines for automotive use. This CGT-Program is conducted by PEC with the support of MITI.
The basic engine is a 100-kW, single-shaft engine having a turbine inlet temperature of a 1350°C and a rotor speed of 110,000 rpm. During the second year of the program, experimental evaluation of the various components was started, including a centrifugal compressor, a radial turbine rotor, a high speed rotor system and initial ceramic hot parts. Cold and hot spin testing of ceramic rotors from three different ceramic suppliers was also initiated.
Development of Ceramic Gas Turbine Components for CGT301 in Moonlight Project
Authors: Hattori Mitsuru , Masuda Masaaki , Ozawa Tadao 
Published: February 2015

Development of ceramic components for a 300kW recuperative single-shaft ceramic gas turbine, a program in the Moonlight Projects, is being conducted by the New Energy and Industrial Organization (NEDO). Along with its program, NGK has made technical efforts in cooperation with Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. (IHI) since 1988.
In this paper, the strength of the NGK silicon nitride turbine blade is discussed. Bending strength was checked with specimens cut from the turbine blades, and specifically, cold spin tests were conducted with ceramic turbine blades having three configurations.
The silicon nitride was found promising for ceramic gas turbine applications, however, there are some issues to be solved prior to prototype engine tests.
Calculation of Heat Transfer to Turbine Blading Using Two-Dimensional Boundary Layer Methods
Authors: Harasgama S. P. , Tarada F. H. , Baumann R. , Crawford M. E. , Neelakantan S. 
Published: February 2015

The calculation of the external boundary layer and associated heat transfer to turbine blading is described. Three separate Two-Dimensional Boundary Layer programs were utilised in this study. The programs incorporated the k-epsilon turbulence model with several different formulations. The test case chosen for this study was the von Karman Institute blade VKI Tech. Note-174, Sept-1990.
It is shown that in most cases all programs tend to predict the correct behaviour of the onset of transition. However, the transition length between the laminar and turbulent values is predicted too abruptly on the blade suction side. It was found that the magnitude of the predicted heat transfer coefficient was most consistent with experimental values for exit Mach numbers between 0.7–0.9, and for all inlet turbulence levels and Reynolds numbers. For higher blade exit Mach numbers in the transonic region (M > 0.95) it was difficult to correctly predict the heat transfer in comparison with experimental data. The predicted values were all higher than the measurement. For this blade, the pressure side is quite well predicted for most of the operating conditions.
Use of CFD Methods to Design Engine Nacelles
Authors: Joubert H. , Goutines M. 
Published: February 2015

The challenge for current and future nacelles of commercial engines is to obtain: -low transonic drag in cruise condition, -low weight and reduced dimensions without reducing the low speed operating domain (maximum incidence, crosswind, etc) and low noise level. This paper explains how various designs can be improved by using modern numerical methods.
Concerning air inlets, 3D Euler code and boundary layer code are used for prediction of divergence Mach number and drag in cruise conditions. Low speed behaviour is also obtained for various flight conditions which cause high local incidences on air inlet sections. Attention is mainly focused on attached flow limits. CFD method calibrations based on existing tests results are needed for that work.
Bypass and core nozzle design use axisymmetric Navier-Stokes calculations for the prediction of thrust and flow coefficients relative values. This calculation also helps on development of adequate designs of the throat region and provides detailed analysis of the core nozzle flowfield including interaction of outer cold jet.
These methods are applied to the design of an advanced nacelle for a high bypass ratio engine. This nacelle is equiped with an original core cowl doors thrust reverser. Consequently the nacelle length and weight have been significantly reduced.
The main numerical results obtained on this nacelle are presented including some results for the installation of this nacelle under a wing.
Investigation on Suppression of the Dynamic Distortion of 2-D Diffuser
Authors: Wang Shuo , Huang Xijun 
Published: February 2015

Three passive control methods of dynamic total pressure distortion have been developed in a 2–D diffuser in this paper: a fore–positioned shock stabilizing rod on a porous plate (model Q), a mid–positioned shock stabilizing rod on a porous plate (model Z), a porous plate (model K) and the original model without any control.
From the experiment results, we observe that the PCSB (Passive Control of Shock wave / Boundary layer) technique used in the diffuser is effective to decrease the dynamic distortion. We conclude that:
a) Different flow regions and their characteristic frequencies in the diffuser have been found.
b) The interaction between the terminal shock wave and the boundary layer produces the peak value of the dynamic distortion.
c) The steady total pressure varies inversely with the dynamic components of the total pressure along the height at the exit of the diffuser.
d) The effects of different positions of the shock stabilizing rod on the dynamic distortion are relative to the upstream total pressure of the diffuser.
e) New explanation about the production of the distortion has been given.
Thermal Tip Clearance Control for Centrifugal Compressor of an APU Engine
Authors: Eisenlohr G. , Chladek H. 
Published: February 2015

To master todays demand for efficiency and compactness of centrifugal compressor components for small gasturbine engines the main attention must not only be given to the aerodynamic design of the impeller and diffuser components, but also to the installation situation of the surrounding parts. A vital aspect is the tip clearance control between impeller and shroud casing over the total operating range.
Using the radial compressor for a small gasturbine engine, developed at BMW Rolls-Royce, the importance of tip clearence control is demonstrated. The possibilities for influencing and optimizing passive tip clearance control by design features are described; transient expansion processes must be considered when using a thermal tip clearance control.
The results of the design calculations are compared with the results on the teststand and the engine itself. An effort is made to find a qualitative influence of tip clearance to the engine power output at operating conditions. This qualitative description is substantiated by test results with different tip clearances at the compressor teststand.
Large Eddy Simulation of Bluff Body Stabilised Turbulent Premixed Flames
Authors: Rydén Roland , Eriksson Lars-Erik , Olovsson Stefan 
Published: February 2015

Flow calculations for a premixed flame behind a bluff body flame holder using a conventional finite difference code with a standard k-ε turbulence model have been found to give poor predictions of the overall flow field. A major factor is believed to be the inadequately modelled large scale turbulence in the wake region. In order to improve the numerical prediction capability a large eddy simulation (LES) technique, which has recently given very good predictions for the non-reacting flow around the same flame holder, has been extended to handle reacting flow. This paper presents a combustion model which considers the influence of turbulence on the effective chemical reaction rates and which is adapted to the LES framework. The combustion model is of the “eddy dissipation type” previously developed by Magnussen.
The present flow simulation code has been applied on the premixed bluff body flow case and results are compared with measurement data from gas analysis, LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) and CARS techniques. Significant improvements in the overall predictions are demonstrated even on a coarse mesh.
Computational Modeling of an Aircraft Engine Combustor to Achieve Target Exit Temperature Profiles
Authors: Lawson R. J. 
Published: February 2015

A GE high bypass turbofan aircraft engine combustor has been successfully modeled in an effort to define liner cooling and dilution modifications necessary to create inboard peaked and flat exit temperature profiles. A fully elliptic three–dimensional body–fitted computational fluid dynamics code (CONCERT3D) was used to solve for the flow field variables. The modeling results provided detailed flow information that was used to define cooling and dilution modifications. Boundary condition flow levels for the model were derived from COBRA, a one–dimensional pressure driven flow distribution program. The complex inlet boundary conditions defining the combustor inlet swirl cup discharge flow were generated via a detailed CONCERT2D model.
A baseline model was first created and tuned to match existing test results. Using the tuned model, dilution and cooling patterns were varied to analytically achieve the two desired temperature profiles. Approximately ten attempts were needed to match both target profiles. The derived changes were then applied to actual combustor hardware and new exit temperature profiles were measured in full component rig tests. Both tested configurations closely matched the target profiles on the first attempt, greatly reducing the number of hardware modifications and tests typically needed to fulfill profile requirements.
Pollutant Emissions From Gas Fired Turbine Engines in Offshore Practice: Measurements and Scaling
Authors: Røkke N. A. , Hustad J. E. , Berg S. 
Published: February 2015

Field measurements of CO, NOx, N2O and UHC from natural gas fired gas turbines have been performed at oil production platforms in the North Sea and at an oil and gas processing plant on-shore. The measuring objects comprised a total of 17 engines. The emissions were measured at different loads, ranging from idle to 100% power output.
The emissions vary considerably as a function of load. NOx and UHC agree reasonably well with manufacturers’ data. The NO2/NOx ratio is inversely proportional to the load. The CO emissions are somewhat lower than specified. N2O emissions are typically less than 2 ppmv @15% O2, dry.
From the collected data, a scaling law for NOx emissions is developed. The scaling law is based on machine specific parameters governing NOx production and will apply to gas-fired turbine engines at various loads in the power range and makes indicated. Good agreement between measured and predicted NOx emissions from the proposed correlation is achieved.
A Single System for 2D and 3D Airfoil Analysis
Authors: Jennings Richard M. 
Published: February 2015

New, independent dimensional analysis systems compare measured section data as well as full 3D airfoil data to corresponding solid models to identify dimensional errors in individual parts and to highlight probable sources of error in manufacturing processes.
Graphic display of the results speeds analysis of airfoils, complete blades, integrally bladed rotors (IBRs), disks, disk slots, and engine “plumbing.”
Humid Air Gas Turbine Cycle: A Possible Optimization
Authors: Stecco S. S. , Desideri U. , Bettagli N. 
Published: February 2015

The humid air turbine (HAT), patented by Fluor Daniel, is an innovative cycle which allows to obtain an increase in efficiency and power production. The modification proposed by DEF allows to optimise the plant when natural gas is injected in the combustion chamber.
Assuming a TIT (Temperature Inlet Turbine) at 1273 K and the cooling of recirculating water in the refrigerators, we studied the effects of the relative humidity and the compression ratio on the cycle’s performances.
The aim of this paper is to suggest the parameters which allow to obtain high efficiency with high specific power, the possibility to modulate power production without a decrease in efficiency and low water consumption.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a CBC Solar Space Power System: The Influence of Orbital and Solar Conditions
Authors: Massardo Aristide F. 
Published: February 2015

Design and performance evaluation of solar space Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) is described in this paper taking into account the influence of orbital and solar conditions.
With fixed external conditions (insolation, Tsink, power) overall performance and area of the plant are obtained and optimized (plant area minimization), while to evaluate plant mass a detailed and complete design of the plant components is carried out.
Utilizing as the input the results obtained with fixed external conditions, plant transient orbital analysis (TOA) is performed taking into account modification of insolation, Tsink, and power to be generated versus orbit time, (quasi steady transient analysis).
All these methods have been fully integrated — the common inputs are interchanged and the output of one code is directly input to the other codes — in a complete design procedure, named CBC-SPACE, suited for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) station power plant design.
The most important results are presented and discussed, while the importance of this study is pointed out taking also into account the possibility to extend this analysis to SDCC (solar dynamic combined cycle) plant proposed by the author (Massardo, 1991).
Numerical Simulation of an Annular Combustor
Authors: Di Martino P. , Cinque G. 
Published: February 2015

A numerical model to solve three-dimensional turbulent reactive flows in arbitrary shapes is presented. The conservative form of the primitive-variable formulation of steady density-weighted Navier Stokes equations written for a general curvilinear system is adopted.
Turbulent transport is described by the k-ε model. The reactions associated with heat release are assumed sufficiently fast for chemical equilibrium to prevail on an instantaneous basis and the influence of local turbulent fluctuations in mixture strenght accounted for by a β-probability density function.
The numerical scheme is based on a non-staggered grid (cartesian velocity components and pressure located at the same grid-points) and a special interpolation technique is used to avoid checkerboard oscillations.
The present model was used to simulate an annular combustion chamber for which experimental results were available. The agreement between calculation and experiments ranges from fair to good.