bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sheik of Araby’s Three Cool Cats
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 of Within You Without You examines two early Beatles recordings. “The Sheik of Araby” was composed in 1921 and had been widely played for over four decades when the Beatles recorded it. The pop number “Three Cool Cats” was originally by the Coasters. These two songs illustrate how Harrison and the Beatles had musical influences far beyond rockabilly, R&B, and early rock ’n’ roll. Harrison and his bandmates were equally well versed in pre-rock pop, novelty tunes, British music hall, vaudeville, jazz, Broadway, operetta, folk, and country and western music. The recordings also feature Harrison on soulfully adept lead vocals, accompanying himself with inventive guitar licks that drew upon Latin music, surf rock, and Middle Eastern modalities.
The Waiting Is the Hardest Part
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 13 of Within You Without You, “The Waiting Is the Hardest Part,” analyzes Harrison’s song “Blue Jay Way,” from the Beatles album Magical Mystery Tour. Inspired by a true story of Harrison’s real-life, all-night wait for his friend Derek Taylor (a former Beatles publicist) and his wife to arrive at a house Harrison was renting, on Blue Jay Way in Los Angeles, the song was based on an Indian-like drone composed on an organ in the rental house and given full psychedelic treatment in the recording studio. Backward vocals processed so that they no longer sounded human, and phasing, flanging, and multitracked vocals evoking a dream state, perfectly accord with the song’s theme itself. The song’s vocal riff, the querulous “Please don’t be long,” eventually morphs into “Please don’t belong,” perhaps Harrison’s subtle dig at the growing conformity found in the Sixties counterculture that was intended to be nonconformist.
Take a Piece, But Not Too Much
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 15 of Within You Without You, “Take a Piece, But Not Too Much,” closely examines George Harrison’s song “It’s All Too Much.” With its machine-like noises, whirring sounds, vocals in reverse, instruments that phase in and out, and use of repetitive chant, the track may well be the quintessential recording of the Beatles’ psychedelic phase. At the same time, Harrison’s lyrics argue largely against a drug-induced psychedelic outlook. The song likely inspired John Lennon’s “All You Need Is Love.” Lennon’s more simplified message was couched in a recording that mimicked many of the musical and sonic elements of “It’s All Too Much.”
When George “Quit” the Beatles
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 16 of Within You Without You, “When George ‘Quit’ the Beatles,” closely examines the incident in the films Let It Be and Get Back when George Harrison walked out of a Beatles rehearsal and said, “I’m leaving the band now.” This incident lived on in Beatles legend for decades as the moment when Harrison “quit” the Beatles. Close analysis of the footage in Get Back provides context for Harrison’s abrupt departure. Moreover, an exclusive interview with Let It Be director Michael Lindsay-Hogg, one of the only nonmembers of the group to be privy to what went on in the rehearsal sessions in January 1969, provides a much more nuanced interpretation of what provoked (and did not provoke) Harrison’s departure from the rehearsals. Finally, we learn how he returned to the band with newfound focus and enthusiasm (shared by his bandmates) after a series of conversations among the band members.
You’ve Got to Leave to Come Back
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 30 of Within You Without You, “You’ve Got to Leave to Come Back,” closely examines George Harrison’s “comeback” album of late 1987, Cloud Nine. Powered by a cover version of an old, obscure R&B number, “Got My Mind Set on You,” which made Harrison the last ex-Beatle to have a number-one hit, the album reintroduced Harrison to a whole new generation, given the heavy rotation his singles received on MTV. It reminded old fans that he was still alive and a creative force. The album paired Harrison with Jeff Lynne, the founder of Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) and a huge Beatles fan who was shifting his attention away from performing in favor of being an album producer. The album also set the stage for several future collaborations with Lynne, including the formation of the Traveling Wilburys supergroup and the mid-1990s archival Beatles project, Anthology.
Big Cities
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on big cities, which reflect a certain level of resiliency. Modern cities that have reached a large size reveal an implicit attitude that there are no limits, and that more is better. Indeed, one might interpret a very large city, most likely with vast amounts of surrounding sprawl, as the physical form of an ideology espousing limitless “freedom.” Another interpretation of big cities is that their sheer size and spread have tended to engender multiple forms of separation. The transition “from industrial to finance to corporate capitalism” that took place in big cities did not have the effect of producing “higher levels of consumption to successively lower strata” but instead had the effect of sorting people into differentiated neighborhoods. Affordable mass transit played a role in this sorting, too. The chapter then considers how large cities have also been likened to living organisms. It looks at examples of attempts at district adaptation, a phenomenon especially associated with big, old cities.
Garden Cities
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores garden cities, which are rare and hard to pull off under capitalism because the concept requires communal ownership of land and an integrated employment source. Much has been written about the concept’s originator, Ebenezer Howard, whose 1898 garden cities proposal was an anarchic, utopian vision of communal living. Long before the garden city idea emerged out of the 19th century, there was a long tradition of garden design having an influence on city form. Examples include the Champs Elysées and the gardens at Versailles. The main objective of a garden city was to have all the diversions of urban life contained within the settlement, minus the associated incivilities like pollution and crime. Garden city design emphasized access to green space and careful management of traffic, both strategies seen as promoting wholesomeness and moral uplift. However, in seeking to isolate themselves from the city, garden cities are said to engage in a “cult of isolation.”
Districts
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter assesses districts, which are created for specific purposes, such as to define college campuses, religious compounds, or public housing projects. The created districts are freed from constraint, emerging as places of inwardly focused, individualized experience and functionality. There are now districts devoted to every kind of purpose: entertainment districts, warehousing districts, and innovation districts. Historically, districts emerged out of the street-platting habits of surveyors who resisted aligning with other plats. If districts are created by an outside power like an imperialist government, they can be disruptive, even violent, and wildly out of step with existing settlement patterns. The classic case of these segregated districts occurred under European colonialism in Africa, India, and the Middle East. The chapter then considers the differences between wealthy and poor districts. It also looks at how districts can be created by consolidating buildings devoted to a common purpose, such as the civic district.
Sprawl
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the key concept of sprawl, which is development organized around freeways and widely spaced arterials. Sprawl often results in decentralization without a congealing node, culturally depleted. Unlike the planned suburb, sprawl does not put limits on commerce and embraces corporate commerce on a mass scale. The chapter explores the interplay of sprawl with the notions of exclusion and escape, both of which have high moral costs since aspirations of social equity are disregarded. It mentions how the individualism of sprawl feeds into the West’s fear of socialism. The phenomenon of “dense sprawl” indicates density without amenities and usable open space since people are forced to live densely without any of the usual compensations.
Boundaries
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the significance of boundaries. Regardless of boundaries’ many forms, they are meant to exclude and segregate, with the objective of social control and superiority. However, protection and exclusion often go hand in hand. A more forgiving interpretation of boundaries correlates to helping to concentrate and contain the resources a city or neighborhood needs while ensuring that resources do not spill out. The chapter explains how the phenomenon of walled cities highlighted the relationship between the city and the hinterland. It discusses the functions of European ring roads, greenbelts, and highways, which include the notion of social separators.
A Scene of Ambition
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Just a few days into Adams’s presidency, his honeymoon period ended abruptly when several of the secretaries threatened to resign if he sent James Madison on a diplomatic mission to France. Around the same time, Adams received the first dispatches from the current minister to France, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. He had been summarily dismissed from the country, and the United States and France appeared to be on the brink of war. Abigail’s arrival in Philadelphia was the one silver lining. Adams had been begging her to join him for months and he was overjoyed to have her company and support managing the President’s House.
Expect Nothing but the Most Unqualified Injustice
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
John Adams spent the summer impatiently waiting for updates from the envoys in France. While the desired diplomatic dispatches did not arrive, he received intelligence from his web of contacts spread out across Europe. His two best sources were his son John Quincy Adams, whom Adams had sent to Berlin, and Williams Vans Murray at The Hague. They sent official reports to the secretary of state, but they also sent private updates to the president at his home in Quincy, Massachusetts. In the fall, the Adamses returned to Philadelphia for the upcoming session of Congress. Adams drafted his annual address (today’s State of the Union) using these diplomatic reports and memorandums supplied by the cabinet secretaries on issues in their departments.
Envisioning a Gendered Christian Republic
Authors: Bond Jennifer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores how female pupils were able to harness nationalism to Christianity during waves of anti-foreign and anti-Christian hostility that rocked China in the 1920s. It focuses on several key flashpoints, including the May Fourth Movement of 1919, the shooting of Chinese protestors by British police in Shanghai on May 30, 1925, and the Movement to Restore Educational Rights which peaked as the Nationalist Government attempted to reunify China in 1926 and 1927. During these moments, girls used an overlapping gendered, Christian, and patriotic language of “service” to describe their social work with poor women and children and to defend their contributions to society. In the process, girls were able to forge their own vision of a gendered Christian modernity which could rejuvenate Chinese society.
The Occult School of Boston (ii) ‘Queer Shoulders at the Wheel’ (John Wieners and Gerrit Lansing)
Authors: Grundy David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The second chapter on the Occult School turns to John Wieners and Gerrit Lansing. The chapter emphasizes Wieners’ role as builder of community, in the context of his little magazine Measure and his best-known sequence The Hotel Wentley Poems. Arriving in the Boston area in the early 1960s, Gerrit Lansing’s magazine SET served as a sequel to Wieners’ dormant Measure. Reading Lansing’s editorial essay ‘The Burden of SET’, which prefigures countercultural movements later in the decade, the chapter argues that, like Wieners, he envisioned a social poetics in a generous spirit of collective queer identity. The chapter concludes by briefly turning to texts by Wieners which look back at the queer poetics of the late 1950s and early 1960s on the eve of Gay Liberation.
Early Jewish Migration from Lithuania
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 1868–1869, in the wake of a hunger crisis, hundreds of Lithuanian Jews crossed Russia’s western border seeking help from small Jewish communities in East Prussia. Overwhelmed by claims for support, Prussian Jews turned to a newly founded Jewish aid association, the Paris-based Alliance Israélite Universelle. The 1868–1869 crisis marks a turning point: for the first time Jewish community leaders in Central and Western Europe realized that Jewish migration would become a major challenge because the Russian Empire offered no viable economic prospects for a strongly growing population. A key question was where Russian Jews could settle. The memoir of a young Lithuanian Jew who left his home village in 1875 for East Prussia illustrates the wide gulf separating perceptions of established Jews in the West from the actual expectations of Jews on the move.
The 1881–1882 Pogroms and the Brody Crisis
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The analysis of the 1881–1882 pogroms and strongly surging Jewish migration reveals a gap between the actual events and the public perception of a supposed Jewish mass flight from antisemitic violence. The crisis demonstrated that migration was emerging as a major Jewish response to political instability and economic crisis in the Russian Empire. One of the epicenters of the 1881–1882 events was Brody, a small Galician town on the border of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. In 1881 and 1882 thousands of Jewish migrants from Russia congregated in Brody, expecting support from Western Jewish aid associations. Among these migrants was the later prominent journalist Abraham Cahan. A close reading of his memoir, of contemporary sources, and of several recent studies shows that the pogroms had little to do with the migration of younger Jews to Western Europe and North America.
Slavery and Race
Authors: Jorati Julia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Philosophers from Europe and colonial America engaged in lively debates about the morality of slavery in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and these debates provide insights into the roots of modern racism. This book explores philosophical ideas, theories, and arguments that are central to early modern discussions of slavery. Some texts explicitly examine the morality of the transatlantic slave trade or of the enslavement of indigenous people in the Americas; others discuss slavery in predominantly theoretical ways. Based on these texts, the book shows that race and slavery came to be closely associated in this period. This association often occurred through an endorsement of the theory of natural slavery: Black and indigenous people were commonly viewed as natural slaves, or naturally destined for slavery. The theory that some people are natural slaves also features prominently in theoretical discussions of slavery, and many philosophers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries embraced versions of it. This book surveys a wide range of historical material, from the views of well-known authors such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, to many less widely studied philosophers such as Gabrielle Suchon, Morgan Godwyn, and Epifanio de Moirans. By illustrating the significance and philosophical sophistication of early modern debates about slavery, this book serves as a valuable resource for scholars, instructors, and students who are curious about this widely neglected topic.
Rural and Agricultural Environments
Authors: Lee Barbara C. , Keifer Matthew C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The farm environment presents unique challenges to the health and welfare of farm family children, children employed in agriculture, and children visiting farms. The farm is a combination of home, recreational area, and workplace, containing health benefits and risks associated with each of these settings. Farm children are at risk of exposure to all the occupational and environmental hazards inherent in farm operations. Beginning at 7–10 years, farm children start assisting in farm operations by performing a wide variety of work tasks. In these tasks, children are exposed to major injury, primarily from farm machinery and livestock, organic and inorganic dusts, pesticides, other toxic chemicals such as anhydrous ammonia, and noise from farm machinery and livestock. In addition, farm children are exposed to all the risks of rural living—increased risk of injury from on- and off-road vehicles, drowning, fires, the direct and indirect effects of interpersonal family violence, and often remote or inadequate access to acute and primary healthcare. US farm children are not protected against occupational hazards under the Fair Labor Standards Act, which provides protections to non-farm youth, including legally mandated limits on the number of hours worked and protection against hazardous working conditions. Farm children are at risk of exposure to their parents’ occupational stress. Added to these economic and organizational stresses are the long hours farm parents must work during planting and harvesting, during which children often accompany their parents into the fields.
Mold and Population Health
Authors: David Miller J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mold (fungus) is important in the outdoor, natural world, but indoor exposure to mold is not healthy. Indoor mold is ubiquitous. It becomes a hazard for children’s health when it is amplified by water intrusion or chronic dampness. Infants and children can develop fungal infections caused by mold. Immune-compromised children and children with chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis are at especially high risk for fungal infections. Children are also susceptible to irritant and toxic reactions caused by fungal mycotoxins, toxic metabolites that are released into indoor air by many molds, especially in damp or wet environments. Airborne mycotoxins can sensitize allergic children and trigger immune reactions, allergic rhinitis, and acute asthmatic attacks. Mycotoxins can also cause toxic inflammation of the airways in nonallergic children through direct irritation of the airways not mediated by the immune system. Diagnostic tools for assessment of inhalation exposure to mold are limited and not well validated. The only specific treatment for fungal-derived disorders is cessation of exposure, which typically requires remediation of the water intrusion or chronic dampness that amplifies mold growth. Evaluation and remediation of indoor mold requires expert assistance and oversight.
The Environment and Liver Disease in Children
Authors: Suchy Frederick J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Injury to the liver caused by toxic chemicals in the environment can produce a wide spectrum of illness that includes asymptomatic elevation of liver function tests, fatty liver, hepatitis, liver cancer, and even fulminant hepatic failure. Some agents are well known to produce cellular injury and even necrosis in the liver following absorption into the body. Among infants and children, immaturity of metabolic pathways for biotransformation and gene polymorphisms may influence vulnerability of the liver to toxic chemicals in the environment. Toxic chemicals and other environmental factors such as stress, diet, behavior, and disease can cause epigenetic changes that influence susceptibility to liver injury by activating chemical switches such as DNA methylations and histone tail modifications that regulate gene expression. Recognition is increasing that exposures to certain toxic chemicals that have become widespread in the modern environment—chemical obesogens such as the organotins and plasticizers—are likely contributing to the global epidemic of obesity and to its complications such as diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exposures to these compounds in early life may cause long-lasting metabolic disruption at low doses that do not produce acute signs of toxicity.
Public Policy and Clinical Practice of Environmental Pediatrics in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Laborde Amalia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In Latin America, both traditional and newer environmental risks to children’s health are present. The traditional environmental problems, such as indoor air pollution and contaminated drinking water, remain, while new risks such as outdoor air pollution, exposures to toxic pollutants, and climate change are emerging or increasing problems. In 2016, the WHO/PAHO estimated that 13% of premature deaths in high-income countries and 19% in low- and middle-income countries of the Americas were attributable to environmental risks. This proportion represents about 1,016,000 annual deaths. International exchanges and South–South collaboration lay the foundation for advancing the clinical practice of children’s environmental health in Latin American and Caribbean countries.
Public Policy on Children’s Environmental Health in the United States
Authors: Landrigan Philip J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the United States, no single law protects children against environmental threats to health; instead a series of laws have been enacted, each intended to protect against a particular class of hazard. Most establish legally enforceable standards that regulate the levels of toxic chemicals permitted in air, water, food, or consumer products. These environmental standards are generally based on quantitative risk assessments. Prior to the 1990s, virtually all risk assessment in the US focused on the “average adult,” with little attention paid to the unique risks of infants and children. In 1976, the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) was passed in 1996 to regulate industrial and consumer chemicals. Mandatory testing of chemicals for potential toxicity was intended as the centerpiece of TSCA, but in the decades since its passage, only five chemicals have been banned and few chemicals have been evaluated. The passage of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act in 2016 offers a path to resolution of the current crisis in US chemical policy.
Public Policy on Children’s Environmental Health in Europe
Authors: van den Hazel Peter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In Europe, strong public policies have been put in place to protect children’s environmental health. These policies can be credited in large part to the efforts of the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Europe and to the European Union’s commitment to environment and health and to reducing human exposures to harmful chemicals. In 2004, the WHO launched an evidence-based Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for Europe (CEHAPE), which has been ratified by 52 European ministers. Soon after launching CEHAPE, the European Union established an environment and health strategy, a plan that gives strong emphasis to protection of vulnerable groups, including children. The EU has an ambitious legislative program on chemicals which will be very important for protecting the health of future generations of children. A centerpiece of this program is REACH, the European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use, that deals with the registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemical substances.