bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity in pregnancy: a retrospective prevalence-based study on health service utilisation and costs on the NHS
Authors: Morgan Kelly L , Rahman Muhammad A , Macey Steven , Atkinson Mark D , Hill Rebecca A , Khanom Ashrafunnesa , Paranjothy Shantini , Husain Muhammad Jami , Brophy Sinead T 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo estimate the direct healthcare cost of being overweight or obese throughout pregnancy to the National Health Service in Wales.DesignRetrospective prevalence-based study.SettingCombined linked anonymised electronic datasets gathered on a cohort of women enrolled on the Growing Up in Wales: Environments for Healthy Living (EHL) study. Women were categorised into two groups: normal body mass index (BMI; n=260) and overweight/obese (BMI>25; n=224).Participants484 singleton pregnancies with available health service records and an antenatal BMI.Primary outcome measureTotal health service utilisation (comprising all general practitioner visits and prescribed medications, inpatient admissions and outpatient visits) and direct healthcare costs for providing these services in the year 2011–2012. Costs are calculated as cost of mother (no infant costs are included) and are related to health service usage throughout pregnancy and 2 months following delivery.ResultsThere was a strong association between healthcare usage cost and BMI (p<0.001). Adjusting for maternal age, parity, ethnicity and comorbidity, mean total costs were 23% higher among overweight women (rate ratios (RR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.230 to 1.233) and 37% higher among obese women (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.39) compared with women with normal weight. Adjusting for smoking, consumption of alcohol, or the presence of any comorbidities did not materially affect the results. The total mean cost estimates were £3546.3 for normal weight, £4244.4 for overweight and £4717.64 for obese women.ConclusionsIncreased health service usage and healthcare costs during pregnancy are associated with increasing maternal BMI; this was apparent across all health services considered within this study. Interventions costing less than £1171.34 per person could be cost-effective if they reduce healthcare usage among obese pregnant women to levels equivalent to that of normal weight women.
Oral administration of herbal medicines for the treatment of otitis media with effusion: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Kim Yun Hee , Son Mi Ju , Kim Young-Eun , Lee Hye Won , Lee Myeong Soo 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionThe purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the efficacy of the oral administration of herbal medicines for otitis media with effusion through analysing trial data.Methods and analysisElectronic searches of the following 11 databases will be performed: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, AMED, the Cochrane CENTRAL, 3 Chinese databases (CNKI, Wangfang Data and VIP Information) and 5 Korean databases (KoreaMed, Research Information Service System, Korea Studies Information System, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) and DBpia). The selection of the studies, data abstraction and validations will be performed independently by two researchers.DisseminationThe systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will also be disseminated electronically and in print. The review will be updated to inform and guide healthcare practice and policy.Trial registration numberPROSPERO 2013: CRD42013005430.
A cross-sectional study to compare two blood collection methods: direct venous puncture and peripheral venous catheter
Authors: Ortells-Abuye Nativitat , Busquets-Puigdevall Teresa , Díaz-Bergara Maribel , Paguina-Marcos Marta , Sánchez-Pérez Inma 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo demonstrate the equivalence between blood collection methods using direct venous puncture (DVP) and a peripheral venous catheter or cannula (PVC).Design and settingA cross-sectional study of simple crossover design with within-subject measures carried out between October 2011 and May 2012 at a regional hospital in Spain.Participants272 patients aged 18 or older hospitalised or admitted to the short-stay unit (SSU) who required laboratory testing and PVC to administer saline solution, intravenous fluid therapy and/or intravenous medication. Excluded were those with PVC collection time exceeding 20 s, difficulty of venoclysis, or who presented with arteriovenous fistula, language difficulties, in critical condition or altered consciousness with no family to consent.Primary and secondary outcome measures18 variables were recorded for DVP and PVC, along with age, sex, diagnosis, vein location for DVP, location of the PVC, PVC calibre, saline syringe, intravenous fluid therapy, medication, haemolysis and clotted blood during DVP or PVC collection. Univariate analysis, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (r), Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (rc) and Bland-Altman's 95% agreement interval were provided.ResultsIncluded in the study were 272 patients, primarily aged 65 or older (80.9%), males (52.6%) and receiving intermittent medication (43.4%). Values obtained with both methods showed a positive linear association, being moderate for pO2(r=0.405) and very high for all others (r>0.86). Levels were concordant (rc≥0.9), except for calcium (rc=0.860), pH (rc=0.853), pCO2(rc=0.843) and pO2(rc=0.336) and equivalent for all determinations except pCO2and pO2, where clinically significant differences were found in more than 9% of cases (21.2%, 95% CI 16.6% to 26.5% and 73.1%, 95% CI 67.4% to 78.1%).ConclusionsBlood collection methods using DVP and PVC can be used interchangeably for most routine laboratory tests.
Predicting parent vessel patency and treatment durability: a proposed grading scheme for the immediate angiographic results following Onyx HD-500 embolization of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Rahme Ralph , Grande Andrew , Jimenez Lincoln , Abruzzo Todd A , Ringer Andrew J 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionOnyx HD-500 embolization of intracranial aneurysms leads to high rates of complete and durable occlusion. However, little information exists as to what constitutes an optimal immediate angiographic result. We devised a simple grading scheme based on the pattern of parent artery and aneurysm neck reconstruction, and correlated it with long term outcome.MethodsAll cases of Onyx embolization for unruptured aneurysms performed between September 2008 and April 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Immediate angiographic results were categorized according to the pattern of extra-aneurysmal Onyx leakage: grade A, none; grade B, ‘hat brim’ lamination; and grade C, ‘ectopic’ Onyx (C1, non-flow limiting; C2, flow limiting). Results of follow-up vascular imaging were reviewed and correlated with the angiographic grade.Results24 embolization procedures were performed in 21 patients with 23 aneurysms. Aneurysm size ranged from 2.5 to 24 mm and neck width from 2 to 8 mm. Complete occlusion was achieved in 20 cases (83.3%) and subtotal occlusion in three (12.5%). Immediate angiographic results were: grade A in ten (41.7%), grade B in eight (33.3%), and grade C in six (25%). Stable angiographic results were seen in 85%, 94%, 94%, and 100% at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Angiographic recurrence was observed in four cases (16.7%), all grade A (p=0.006). Delayed parent vessel occlusion occurred in two cases (8.3%), both grade C2 (p=0.014).ConclusionsThis simple grading system may help predict long term angiographic results. Hat brim Onyx lamination seems to provide an optimal balance between treatment durability and parent vessel patency. Prospective validation is warranted.
Pipeline Embolization Device as primary treatment for blister aneurysms and iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Nerva John D , Morton Ryan P , Levitt Michael R , Osbun Joshua W , Ferreira Manuel J , Ghodke Basavaraj V , Kim Louis J 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundBlood blister type aneurysms (BBAs) and pseudoaneurysms create a unique treatment challenge. Despite many advances in open surgical and endovascular techniques, this subset of patients retains relatively high rates of morbidity and mortality. Recently, BBAs have been treated with flow-diverting stents such as the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) with overall positive results.MethodsFour patients presented with dissecting internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms treated with the PED (two BBAs presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), two pseudoaneurysms after injury during endoscopic trans-sphenoidal tumor surgery).ResultsThree patients had a successful angiographic and neurological outcome. One patient with a BBA re-ruptured during initial PED placement, again in the postoperative period, and later died. Primary PED treatment involved telescoping stents in two patients and coil embolization supplementation in one patient.ConclusionsThe PED should be used selectively in the setting of acute SAH. Dual antiplatelet therapy can complicate hydrocephalus management, and the lack of immediate aneurysm occlusion creates the risk of short-term re-rupture. PED treatment for iatrogenic ICA pseudoaneurysms can provide a good angiographic and neurological outcome.
Endovascular treatment for M2 occlusions in the era of stentrievers: a descriptive multicenter experience
Authors: Flores Alan , Tomasello Alejandro , Cardona Pere , de Miquel M Angeles , Gomis Meritxell , Garcia Bermejo Pablo , Obach Victor , Urra Xabi , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Cánovas David , Roquer Jaume , Abilleira Sònia , Ribó Marc 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundPatients with M2 middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions are not always considered for endovascular treatment.ObjectiveTo study outcomes in patients with M2 occlusion treated with endovascular procedures in the era of stentrievers.MethodsWe studied patients prospectively included in the SONIIA registry (years 2011–2012)—a mandatory, externally audited registry that monitors the quality of reperfusion therapies in Catalonia in routine practice. Good recanalization was defined as postprocedure Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score 2b–3; dramatic recovery as drop in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score >10 points or NIHSS score <2 at 24–36 h; and good outcome as modified Rankin score (mRS) 0–2 at 3 months. A 24 h CT scan determined symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and infarct volume.ResultsOf 571 patients who received endovascular treatment, 65 (11.4%) presented an M2 occlusion on initial angiogram, preprocedure NIHSS 16 (IQR 6). Mean time from symptom onset to groin puncture was 289±195 min. According to interventionalist preferences 86.2% (n=56) were treated with stentrievers (n=7 in combination with intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), 4.6% (n=3) received intra-arterial tPA only, and 9.2% (n=6) diagnostic angiography only. Good recanalization (78.5%) was associated with dramatic improvement (48% vs 14.8%; p=0.02), smaller infarct volumes (8 vs 82 cc; p=0.01) and better outcome (mRS 0–2: 66.3% vs 30%; p=0.03). SICH (9%) was not associated with treatment modality or device used. After adjusting for age and preprocedure NIHSS, good recanalization emerged as an independent predictor of dramatic improvement (OR=5.9 (95% CI 1.2 to 29.2), p=0.03). Independent predictors of good outcome at 3 months were age ( OR=1.067 (95% CI 1.005 to 1132), p=0.03) and baseline NIHSS ( OR=1.162 (95% CI 1.041 to 1.297), p<0.01).ConclusionsEndovascular treatment of M2 MCA occlusion with stentrievers seems safe. Induced recanalization may double the chances of achieving a favorable outcome, especially for patients with moderate or severe deficit.
Preparation of micro- and crypto-tephras for quantitative microbeam analysis
Authors: Hall Mike , Hayward Chris 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The smallest tephra grains present special challenges in their preparation for quantitative microbeam chemical analysis by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS. High-quality polished surfaces are an essential pre-requisite for the collection of high quality quantitative chemical data, as these shards also present significant difficulties for analysis. A method for the preparation of tephra grains as small as 10–50 µm is described in detail. This method uses inexpensive, widely available materials and is easily implemented in facilities in which polished geological samples are prepared for microanalysis. Samples prepared in this way reduce or eliminate the difficulties in microbeam analysis associated with small grains, when appropriate analytical protocols are used.
Holocene tephra from Iceland and Alaska in SE Greenland Shelf Sediments
Authors: Jennings Anne , Thordarson Thorvaldur , Zalzal Kate , Stoner Joseph , Hayward Christopher , Geirsdóttir Áslaug , Miller Gifford 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The record of Icelandic volcanic events in Holocene marine sediments off SE Greenland provides evidence for the frequency and timing of atmospheric tephra plume dispersal from Iceland towards Greenland. Geochemistry of tephra abundance peaks from two SE Greenland shelf cores: MD99-2322 and JM96-1215-2GC are compared with core MD99-2269, north Iceland shelf, to evaluate the dispersal direction of Icelandic eruptions. Glass shard counts (106–1000 µm) in MD99-2322 revealed 16 distinct cryptotephra peaks. Geochemical analyses of eight cryptotephra peaks in MD99-2322 and two in JM96-1215 indicate sources in the volcanic systems of Iceland and Alaska. A tephra layer matching in geochemistry and stratigraphy to the
c.
3600 BP eruption of the Aniakchak Volcano in the Aleutian Islands was identified in JM96-1215/2GC. The Settlement Tephra (AD 871±2) and Hekla B (H-B) were identified in MD99-2322. A new marker horizon, Katla EG-6.73, was found in both SE Greenland cores. Three basaltic peaks between 9.9 and 10.4 cal kyr BP, exhibit major-element geochemistry indistinguishable from the
c.
10.2 kyr Saksunarvatn tephra. These layers represent 3 out of≥seven westward and northward-dispersed Grímsvötn layers found on the SE Greenland shelf and the north Iceland shelf between 9.9 and 10.4 cal kyr BP.

supplementary material:

a list of all analyses performed for this study is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18715
Quaternary tectonics and seismic potential of the Andean retrowedge at 33–34°S
Authors: García Víctor H. , Casa Analía L. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The Andean retrowedge, located between 33°S and 34°S, lies in the transition region of the Pampean flat-slab subduction zone to the north and a normal subduction zone to the south. Neotectonic structures and shallow seismicity are very common north of this segment and become progressively less frequent southwards. The Frontal Cordillera and the Cerrilladas Pedemontanas are the main morphostructures involved in the Quaternary deformation of this region. The Frontal Cordillera is a thick-skinned fold-and-thrust belt uplifted since Late Miocene time. The Cerrilladas Pedemontanas are low-relief hills that represent the mild inversion of the Cuyo Triassic rift depocentre since Pliocene time. Middle Miocene–Holocene synorogenic strata cover the Cuyo basin and surrounding foreland areas. The Quaternary tectonic evolution of this area has been established through integration of new data from fieldwork in the Frontal Cordillera piedmont with subsurface information and previously published data. Mean Late Pleistocene uplift rates ranging between 0.21 and 0.92 mm a
−1
and earthquake minimum moment magnitudes (
M
w
) of
c.
6.4–6.7 have been estimated for the morphostructural units analysed in this manuscript.
The north-western margin of the Neuquén Basin in the headwater region of the Maipo drainage, Chile
Authors: Godoy Estanislao 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Volcanic and pyroclastic rocks of intermediate composition, dating from Kimmeridgian time with peak ages during both the early–middle Tithonian and the late Hauterivian, characterize several localities of the north-western margin of the Neuquén basin along the main Andean Range at 33–34°S. The latter is thought responsible for the desiccation of the basin during Aptian–Albian time. The thick Tithonian submarine lavas at the Volcán valley (33°30′S), on the other hand, coincide spatially with the only pass-way recognized at that time in the Chilean Coast Range. This coincidence may be related to an isolated relic rift-like structure that coexisted with the regional intra-arc extensional setting during Tithonian time. Continental-scale rifting in the southern Andes has been recognized only for the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic period.
Role of basin width variation in tectonic inversion: insight from analogue modelling and implications for the tectonic inversion of the Abanico Basin, 32°–34°S, Central Andes
Authors: Jara P. , Likerman J. , Winocur D. , Ghiglione M. C. , Cristallini E. O. , Pinto L. , Charrier R. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We use analogue modelling to investigate the response of compressional deformation superimposed on an extensional basin with along-strike changes in width. Parameters described include extension and shortening distribution and directions, orientation of structures and degree of basin inversion. Two types of model are presented: in the first (Type I), an extensional basin is constructed with variable width (applying differential extension) and subsequently inverted by homogeneous shortening; in the second (Type II), an extensional basin with constant width is subsequently inverted by inhomogeneous shortening (differential compression). From our observations, we compare both types of model to structural patterns observed in some natural cases from the Central Andes. Both models generate oblique structures, but in the Type II model a significant rotation is characteristic. Our results suggest that in the Central Andes region between 32° and 33°S, the Abanico Basin may correspond to a basin of smaller area compared to the larger basin south of 33°S. Our Type I model further explains some patterns observed there, from which we conclude that the control exercised by the width of a pre-existing basin should be considered when interpreting the geological evolution of that area of the Andes.
Loss of NF1 in Cutaneous Melanoma Is Associated with RAS Activation and MEK Dependence
Authors: Nissan Moriah H. , Pratilas Christine A. , Jones Alexis M. , Ramirez Ricardo , Won Helen , Liu Cailian , Tiwari Shakuntala , Kong Li , Hanrahan Aphrothiti J. , Yao Zhan , Merghoub Taha , Ribas Antoni , Chapman Paul B. , Yaeger Rona , Taylor Barry S. , Schultz Nikolaus , Berger Michael F. , Rosen Neal , Solit David B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Melanoma is a disease characterized by lesions that activate ERK. Although 70% of cutaneous melanomas harbor activating mutations in the BRAF and NRAS genes, the alterations that drive tumor progression in the remaining 30% are largely undefined. Vemurafenib, a selective inhibitor of RAF kinases, has clinical utility restricted to BRAF-mutant tumors. MEK inhibitors, which have shown clinical activity in NRAS-mutant melanoma, may be effective in other ERK pathway-dependent settings. Here, we investigated a panel of melanoma cell lines wild type for BRAF and NRAS to determine the genetic alteration driving their transformation and their dependence on ERK signaling in order to elucidate a candidate set for MEK inhibitor treatment. A cohort of the BRAF/RAS wild type cell lines with high levels of RAS-GTP had loss of NF1, a RAS GTPase activating protein. In these cell lines, the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 inhibited ERK phosphorylation, but also relieved feedback inhibition of RAS, resulting in induction of pMEK and a rapid rebound in ERK signaling. In contrast, the MEK inhibitor trametinib impaired the adaptive response of cells to ERK inhibition, leading to sustained suppression of ERK signaling and significant antitumor effects. Notably, alterations in NF1 frequently co-occurred with RAS and BRAF alterations in melanoma. In the setting of BRAF(V600E), NF1 loss abrogated negative feedback on RAS activation, resulting in elevated activation of RAS-GTP and resistance to RAF, but not MEK, inhibitors. We conclude that loss of NF1 is common in cutaneous melanoma and is associated with RAS activation, MEK-dependence, and resistance to RAF inhibition. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2340–50. ©2014 AACR.
Pharmacologic Suppression of JAK1/2 by JAK1/2 Inhibitor AZD1480 Potently Inhibits IL-6–Induced Experimental Prostate Cancer Metastases Formation
Authors: Gu Lei , Talati Pooja , Vogiatzi Paraskevi , Romero-Weaver Ana L. , Abdulghani Junaid , Liao Zhiyong , Leiby Benjamin , Hoang David T. , Mirtti Tuomas , Alanen Kalle , Zinda Michael , Huszar Dennis , Nevalainen Marja T. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is lethal and lacks effective strategies for prevention or treatment, requiring novel therapeutic approaches. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that has been linked with prostate cancer pathogenesis by multiple studies. However, the direct functional roles of IL-6 in prostate cancer growth and progression have been unclear. In the present study, we show that IL-6 is produced in distant metastases of clinical prostate cancers. IL-6–activated signaling pathways in prostate cancer cells induced a robust 7-fold increase in metastases formation in nude mice. We further show that IL-6 promoted migratory prostate cancer cell phenotype, including increased prostate cancer cell migration, microtubule reorganization, and heterotypic adhesion of prostate cancer cells to endothelial cells. IL-6–driven metastasis was predominantly mediated by Stat3 and to lesser extent by ERK1/2. Most importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of Jak1/2 by AZD1480 suppressed IL-6–induced signaling, migratory prostate cancer cell phenotypes, and metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer in vivo in nude mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the cytokine IL-6 directly promotes prostate cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo via Jak–Stat3 signaling pathway, and that IL-6–driven metastasis can be effectively suppressed by pharmacologic targeting of Jak1/2 using Jak1/2 inhibitor AZD1480. Our results therefore provide a strong rationale for further development of Jak1/2 inhibitors as therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1246–58. ©2014 AACR.