bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eine Lösungstheorie für das quantenmechanische Vier-Körper-Problem
Authors: Büttner W , Ruder H 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A system of 4 point masses (without spin) is considered. The potential energy is assumed to be a function of the distances between the particles only. It is possible to express the kinetic energy relative to the center of mass as the kinetic energy of 3 "reduced" masses. The different possibilities for that procedure are discussed for systems with an arbitrary number of particles. The positions of the 3 reduced masses are described by 9 coordinates. 6 of them, the "internal" coordinates, are needed to determine the internal structure of the system, and 3, the "external" coordinates, for its orientation in space. The classical Hamiltonian in such a set of coordinates is derived. In a first step the Hamiltonian is expressed in terms of linear and angular momenta. Then these quantities are determined as functions of the coordinates and the conjugate momenta by infinitesimal trans-formations. From the classical Hamiltonian we get the quantum mechanical one by the well-known translation rule. It can be expressed in terms of the linear and angular momentum operators quite analogous to the classical case.
For the solution of the time-independent Schrödinger equation the rotational symmetry of the system is used. The wave function is expanded in terms of the eigenfunctions of the total angular momentum. This leads to a system of coupled differential equations for the expansion-coefficients which depend on the 6 internal coordinates only. The further symmetries of the system (reflection and particle exchange) appear in symmetry properties of these functions. Differences and similarities in the solution theory for the 4-body-problem with respect to the 3-body-problem are discussed.
Decay Scheme of 118In (4.45 min)
Authors: Amaral L. C. M. Do , Leite C. V. De Barros , Jeronymo J. M. F. , Pinho A. G. De , Russo D. , Barros S. De 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The energies and relative intensities of the γ-radiation following the decay of the 4.45 min isomer of 118ln have been measured using a Ge(Li) detector. A total of sixteen γ-rays was observed of which six for the first time. A decay scheme ist presented and discussed; it incorporates fifteen of the observed transitions.
Elektrische Messungen an Silber-Nickeloxid-Kontakten
Authors: Schwab Georg-Maria , Brunke Frank 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Durch Oxydation von elektrolytisch auf Silberträgern aufgebrachten Nickelschichten wurden Silber-Nickeloxid-Kontakte hergestellt mit NiO-Schichtdicken von 1,5 · 10-5 cm bis 26 · 10-5 cm; Gegenelektroden aus Silber wurden aufgedampft. Eine Verarmungsrandschicht an der Grenze Silberträger-Oxidschicht gibt der Anordnung Gleichrichtereigenschaften. Wegen des Auftretens einer Art punch through bei Sperrbelastung kann die Breite dieser Randschicht im stromlosen Fall ohne Kenntnis der Akzeptorkonzentration abgeschätzt werden.
Flache Elektronen-Traps und IR-Stimulation bei ZnS-Phosphoren
Authors: Riehl X. , Baur G. , Mader L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Aus Glowkurvenmessungen an ZnS-Phosphoren im Temperaturgebiet unterhalb 100 °K ergibt sich eine ..effektive Haftstellenverteilung", die sehr stark von den Präparationsbedingungen abhängt. Neben sehr breiten, quasikontinuierlichen Glowmaxima beobachtet man auch scharfe, diskrete Glowpeaks zwischen 60 °K und 80 °K. Die Existenz flacher Haftstellen ( < 0.1 eV) ist notwendig für die Stimulierbarkeit von ZnS mit langwelligem IR (bis über 25 μ).
Die wichtigste experimentelle Voraussetzung für die Untersuchung solcher Stimulationseffekte ist die Fernhaltung von unerwünschtem Infrarot von wärmeren, ungekühlten Teilen der Apparatur und der Umgebung. Unter diesen Bedingungen gelingt es. die IR-Stimulation bis zu Wellenlänge über 25 μ quantitativ zu untersuchen und mit ihrer Hilfe optische Traptiefen zu bestimmen.
Thermische Resonatoreffekte bei YAG : Nd3+ -Dauerstrichlasern
Authors: Baumgartner V. , Schubert J. 
Published: February 2015

Anhand eines Resonatormodells von BYKOV und VAINSHTEIN wurden an YAG:Nd3+-Stäben thermische Resonatoreffekte im Laserbetrieb untersucht.
Die YAG:Nd3+-Stäbe mit 25 mm bzw. 75 mm Länge und 3 mm Durchmesser wurden jeweils in einem angepaßten, exfokalen, rotationssymmetrischen Pumpsystem kontinuierlich bzw. im 100 Hz Halbwellenbetrieb gepumpt. Die Laserstäbe waren an den Enden mit dielektrischen Vielfachschichten belegt. Es ergaben sich thermische Krümmungsradien von 1 -4 m bei einer Emission von 20-60 transversalen Moden. Die durch das optische Pumpen hervorgerufene Temperaturerhöhung im Kristall wurde mit ΔT - 0.57°C/100 W bestimmt. Die Kenntnis der effektiven Resonatorkrümmung ist wichtig für eine Korrektur dieses störenden Effektes.
Zur Theorie der Auger-Prozesse in III — V-Halbleitern
Authors: Schöne Dieter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a calculation of the lifetimes of excess electrons in the III -V compounds InSb, InAs and GaSb, assuming the Auger effect between bands. Following the theory of Beattie and Landsberg matrix elements are calculated by using approximate wave functions instead of Bloch functions. The ninefold integration of the transition probability can be reduced to a four-fold one which then is numerically calculated with the aid of a computer. The results are compared with the lifetimes of radiative transitions. It is shown that the Auger processes are dominant in small gap semiconductors, but not in semiconductors with larger gaps (more than about 0.5 eV).
Bemerkungen zur Clausius-Duhem'schen Ungleichung
Authors: Keller J 
Published: February 2015

Within the framework of the Entropy-free Thermodynamic of Processes (ETIP) developed by J. Meixner, it is investigated for what type of fluid or solid systems the Clausius-Duhem-Inequality (CDI) will hold for the thermostatic entropy sth. The following statements will be proved:
1. The CDI holds for processes in simple thermodynamic systems of the differential type with complexity 1 or 2. In these cases the CDI is a consequence of the fundamental inequality of ETIP.
2. The CDI cannot hold for processes in simple thermodynamic systems of the integral type with complexity 1.
3. The CDI may or may not hold for processes in simple thermodynamic systems of the integral type with complexity 2.
The First Order Density Corrections Including Ternary Collisions in a Boltzmann-Landau Gas
Authors: Mitra Arun K. , Mitra Sunanda 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The first order density corrections to the coefficients of viscosity (η) and thermal conductivity (λ) in a Boltzmann-Landau gas have been calculated including the effect of ternary collisions.
Influence of Atom-Atom Collisions on the Population Densities of Excited Atomic Levels
Authors: Drawin H. W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The number densities of excited hydrogen atoms in a non-thermal plasma have been calculated on the basis of a coupled system of rate equations (25 levels) in which one accounts for electron-atom and atom-atom collisions. The calculated population densities depend strongly on the neutral particle density na when ne/na≪1. When the electron temperature, Te, is different from the gas temperature, Tg , the number densities of the excited levels are determined by Tg rather than by Te. This is important in connection with the quantitative spectroscopy of plasmas.
Ein Ionen-Laser für metrologische Anwendungen
Authors: Engelhard E. , Spieweck F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A xenon isotop laser has been built which emits Xe(II)-lines in the visible. The vapour pressure controlled laser tube operates at low current. Preliminary vacuum wavelength values have been found to be (542.065 49±0.000 02) nm and (627.254 64±0.000 01) nm.
Zur Interpretation der Darstellung abgeschlossener Schalen unter Verwendung der Gaußschen Integral-Transformation mit reinen Gauß-Funktionen
Authors: Preuss H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Es wird gezeigt, daß die Verwendung reiner Gauß-Funktionen im Rahmen abgeschlossener Schalen durch eine Integral-Transformation in die Darstellung von Korrelationsfunktionen übergeführt werden kann.
Ruby Laser Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Sodium Decorated Sodium Chloride Crystals
Authors: Kuzmany H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effects of intense Q-switched ruby laser light on the absorption spectra of NaCl crystals, additively coloured by colloidal sodium were investigated at different depths along the laser beam path as well as after being subjected to different annealing conditions. A strong general increase in absorption was observed in the region where the laser light entered the crystal, while a strong decrease in absorption occurred in the colloid band, especially around the laser wavelength. This bleaching was accompanied by the generation of a new absorption band at ~ 1200 nm (~1.0eV) in the infrared, which, according to its sensitivty to temperature treatment, is not of colloidal origin, The energy denisty necessary for its generation was found to be about 400mJ/cm2. Its is suggested that the bleaching of the colloid band could be used for the storage of holograms.
Diffusion of Krypton in Cesium and Rubidium Iodide; A Comparison of Results Obtained Following Reactor Irradiation and Ion Bombardment
Authors: Matzke Hj. , Springer F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The present study shows that under suitably chosen conditions, the same results of rare gas diffusion coefficients can be obtained in samples which are reactor irradiated to produce a homo-geneous concentration of rare gas, and in samples that are labeled with rare gas by controlled ion bombardment. In the present study, the diffusion of krypton in Rbl and Csl was found to follow the empirical rule of yielding activation enthalpies in the range (1.4±0.2) x 10-3 Tm eV, with Tm = melting point in °K. Trapping of rare gases (gas-gas or gas-damage interactions) was observed at high gas concentration.
Fluctuations in the Positive Column of a Neon Glow Discharge
Authors: Grabec I. , Poberaj S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Some properties of the light fluctuations in the positive column of a neon glow discharge were determined measuring the frequency spectra at different positions along the tube. A growth and a saturated region of the fluctuations was found. In the growth region linear processes are dominant and in the second region nonlinear effects play a significant role.
Indiumantimonid-Dioden als Kernteilchen- zähler
Authors: Roth Siegmar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Es wird über erste Versuche berichtet, mit InSb-Dioden Kernteilchen zu zählen. Bei 75 °K wurden die Impulse von α-Strahlen und Protonen untersucht. Daraus wurde die effektive Paarerzeugungsenergie zu 2,5 eV bestimmt.
Messung der Ionentemperatur mit Hilfe des thermischen Doppler-Effekts an einer Wasserstoff-Lichtbogenentladung
Authors: Ludwig D. , Raeder J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The radial ion temperature distribution in a 2600 amp hydrogen arc in a 30 kG axial magnetic field was measured spectroscopically with a Fabry-Perot interferometer by evaluating the half width of Doppler broadened carbon lines. As the admixture of methane had to be low, in order to prevent a strong reduction of the temperature on the axis, the intensities of the C III and C IV lines were relatively weak. Consequently an interference filter with narrow transmission band width was used instead of a spectrograph in front of the F.-P.-interferometer.
The broadening of the spectral lines, which were used for measurement, was caused mainly by the thermal Doppler effect. The rotation of the plasma and the macroscopical Doppler effect resulting therefrom did not disturb the measurements. The ion temperature, which was found to be 1.4 × 105 °K on the axis, was determined from the half width of the profiles of a C III spectral line.
Since the discharge was observed side-on, the measured integrated values were reduced to radial profiles by using appropriate inversion formulae.
Der Rotations-Zeeman-Effekt der l-Typ-Übergänge linearer Molekeln. OCS und HCN
Authors: Hüttner W. , Morgenstern K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The high-field rotational Zeeman effect has been observed in several rotational transitions of the (010) vibrational state in OCS and HCN. The magnetic-field splittings are in agreement with a simple first-order energy expression which is derived to hold for the Zeeman energies of rotation-vibrational states of a linear polyatomic molecule showing rotational l-type-doubling. In this way, the presence of intrinsic magnetic moments in the π-vibrational states has been shown experimentally. The g-values along the molecular axis are gǁ
(010)= +0.061 ± 0.002 for OCS and gǁ
(010)=±0.38 ± 0.06 for HCN. No magnetic anisotropics could be detected within the plane perpendicular to the molecular axis. The other parameters measured are g⊥(010)= -0.0285 ± 0.0006 and (χ⊥ - χǁ)(010) = (8.0 ±1.0) × 10-6 erg/G2mole for OCS and gǁ
(010) = ∓ 0.100 ±0.001 for HCN which "can be considered an approximate value for the vibrational ground-state. Either the upper or the lower signs hold for the g-values of HCN. The intrinsic g-values, gǁ
(010) , are discussed in terms of nuclear and electronic contributions. A quantity measuring the slip of a rotating nuclear framework within its electronic environment is defined and also discussed.
Ein Level-Crossing-Experiment im angeregten (5p1/2 5d5/2)J=2-Term des Sn I zur Untersuchung der Energieverschiebungen im elektrischen Feld / Level-Crossing Experiment in the Excited (5p1/25d5/2)J=2-State of the Sn I for the Investigation of the Energy Shifts in an Electric Field
Authors: Zimmermann P. 
Published: February 2015

Observing the change of the Hanle effect under the influence of a homogeneous electric field E the Stark effect of the (5p1/25d5/2)j=2-state in Sn I was studied. Due to the tensorial part β Jz
2E2 in the Hamiltonian of the second order Stark effect the signal of the zero field crossing (M ∓ 2, M′ = 0 β ≷ 0 ) is shifted to the magnetic field H with gJμBH=2 | β | E2. From these shifts for different electric field strengths the value of the Stark parameter
|β| = 0.21(2) MHz/(kV/cm)2 · gJ/1.13
was deduced. A theoretical value of ß using Coulomb wave functions is discussed.
Gas-solid Interaction
Authors: Sanesi Manlio , Wagner Vittoriano 
Published: February 2015

The heats of adsorption on magnesium oxide of six linear chain alkanes (C4 to C9) , of the corresponding 1-mono-olefins and of the cyclic compounds cyclohexane, cyclohexene, 1.4-cyclohexadiene and benzene have been determined by gas-solid chromatography and extrapolated to zero surface coverage.
The values obtained with n-alkanes are linearly dependent on the carbon atom number. By comparison with previous results for alumina and silica-gel, it is seen that the dispersion-interaction adsorption potentials for the CH3- and CH2-groups take very close values on the three different oxides.
As for the cyclic molecules, a constant increment of about 1.40 kcal/mole in the heat of adsorption on MgO is observed when passing from cyclohexane to cyclohexene and from the latter to 1.4-cyclohexadiene, in full agreement with the rrsults for Al2O3.
The values for benzene are intermediate between those for cyclohexene and those for 1.4-cyclohexadiene. These results are interpreted in view of a specific interaction of electrostatic nature between surface hydroxyls and π-electron systems.
With linear 1-alkenes, the specific contribution becomes more apparent with increasing chain length, the difference in the heats of adsorption reaching a value of 1.50 kcal/mole for the pair 1-nonene n-nonane.
Zum Problem der Übergangsentropie bei der Dissoziation
Authors: Krauss L. 
Published: February 2015

An investigation has been made to determine if TROUTON-PICTET's rule, valid for phase transitions, can be extended to dissociation processes for diatomic molecules. Comparing the entropy increase from the non-dissociated to dissociated states, a common law exists for all diatomic molecules examined.
If the procedure is performed at a certain “fix-point”, the maximum of the specific heats, an average value of approximately 30 cal/Mol · K for entropy gain results. Since the TROUTON-PICTET rule is a consequence of the theorem of corresponding states and has been found only for phase transitions, the above results lead to the assumption that the new law can be seen as an extention of the TROUTON-PICTET rule applicable to all types of “state transitions”.
Wellenausbreitung in einem offenen thermodynamischen System zeitlich veränderlicher Gesamtenergie / Wave Propagation in an open Thermodynamic System with Time Variation of the Total Energy
Authors: Freund H.-D. , Locke G. 
Published: February 2015

The absorption and dispersion of sound due to dissipative phenomena such as diffusion, heat conduction and viscous flow have been investigated by Herzfeld, Litovitz and others. Whereas in these studies the total energy of the carrier system remains constant, we consider the case that it is changing. It turnes out that the wavelength X remains constant, while all other wave characteristics become time depend and can be connected with the usual sound velocity of the carrier system

.

.
The change in energy density takes place via the potential energy. Thus the original balance between potential and kinetic energy is disturbed. Modulation vibrations of the wave amplitudes around the time averages arise. In addition dephasing of the pressure and density components with respect to the acoustic velocity takes place. The phasevelocities are disturbed too. They differ from time dependence of c(t).
These differences are running asymptotically towards zero, i. e. after a longer period of time a phase step remains of the total wave system. This phase step is negative for increasing energy of the carrier system and positive for decreasing energy. The value of the phase step is proportional to the wavelength λ, i. e. systems of this kind show dispersion.
Einfluß der Zusammensetzung von Natrium-Legierungen auf die Kernresonanzfluoreszenzausbeute von eingebauten Mg24 -Kernen
Authors: Dutta B. C. , Kalus J. , Schreckenbach K. , Shaukat M. A. 
Published: February 2015

Beim Zerfall von Na24 entstehen angeregte niederenergetische Mg24-Rückstoßkerne mit einer kinetischen Energie bis zu ca. 170 eV.
Die Eigenschaften der nächsten Umgebung dieser Rüdestoßkerne beeinflußt in Festkörpern oder Flüssigkeiten stark deren Abbremsung. Für verschiedene Temperaturen von Na -Bi-, Na -Pb- und Na -Li-Legierungen und damit für verschiedene mikroskopische Umgebungen der Mg24-Rückstoßkerne wurde die relative Kernresonanzfluoreszenz (KRF)-Ausbeute, die von der Abbremsung der Rüdestoßkerne abhängig ist, gemessen. Es ergaben sich stetige und unstetige Änderungen in der KRF-Ausbeute, die bei der Na -Bi-Legierung bis zu 50% betragen. Die Änderungen werden an Hand der Phasendiagramme erläutert.
SCF-Rechnungen ohne vorgegebene Basis am Beispiel BH3
Authors: Frühbeis Horst , Seelig Friedrich Franz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Approximate solutions of the original Hartree-Fock-equation for the ground state of closed-shell molecules of arbitrary symmetry are attained by a combined numerical-analytical method. In a first step the one electron Schrödinger-equation for a conveniently guessed potential is solved by a numerical method described in previous papers. These MOs are approximated by linear combinations of basis functions of Gaussian type (GTF) in a variant of curve fitting varying all parameters of the GTFs. Principally they serve only to calculate the Coulomb and exchange potentials that are fed back into the conventional iterative procedure, but they can be used as an optimum basis set derived in an independent manner. Computations are made by a Fortran-IV program whose structure is briefly sketched. BH3 is used as a test substance.
Untersuchungen über das Verhalten der chemischen Bindung im elektrischen Feld. III
Authors: Drossbach P. , Schmittinger P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Es wurden nach dem SCF-MO-LC (LCGO)-Verfahren das H2O-Molekül mit allen seinen Elektronen bei 5 verschiedenen Kernlagen sowie 3 verschiedenen Feldstärken in 6 verschiedenen Richtungen mit 41 Gauß-Funktionen; das H3O+ -Ion mit 44 Gauß-Funktionen unter Variation des Abstandes eines H-Kerns; das System H2O - H + - Li- bei festem O -Li-Abstand unter Variation des Abstandes des H+ ; und schließlich verschiedene Lin bei n = 2 bis n = 22 berechnet.
Messung der Streuquerschnitte von flüssigem und festem Wasserstoff, Deuterium und Deuteriumhydrid für thermische Neutronen
Authors: Seiffert W. D. , Weckermann B. , Misenta R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The total cross section for thermal neutrons of liquid and solid normal-hydrogen, para-hydrogen, deuterium and deuterium hydride have been measured at several temperatures. The cross section of the liquid and solid phase of para-hydrogen shows that the para-hydrogen molecule scatters coherently. The coherence effects in the cross sections of liquid para-hydrogen and deuterium indicate a short range order of the molecules in the liquid.
The cross sections of para-hydrogen and deuterium hydride show clearly the excitation of the first rotational level of the molecule. The threshold indicates that the molecules of the liquid phase are not completely free. The cross section of liquid and solid para-hydrogen for neutrons with energies larger than the threshold energy show a different behaviour that can be explained by the different dynamics of liquid and solid.
Optische Elektronenspin-Polarisation (OEP) in Triplett-Zuständen organischer Moleküle
Authors: Sixl H. , Schwoerer M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Stimulated microwave emission is observed in the ESR spectrum of 2-methyl-naphthalene and anthracene molecules in their triplet states at 4,2 °K. This is the consequence of a strong deviation from thermal equilibrium distribution within the three magnetic sublevels, a phenomenon called optical electron spin polarization (OEP). The OEP is due to spin selection rules either during the population or during the depopulation processes of the triplet states. In most cases both processes occour predominantly radiationless and are termed intersystem-crossing (ISC).
In the present paper we report in detail about the kinetics of population, depopulation and spin-lattice relaxation of the phosphorescent triplet states of 2-methyl-naphthalene and anthra-cene. In addition the kinetical constants, the fine structure constants and the orientation in the host crystal of eleven different metastable triplet state molecules are presented in a table.
As opposed to former investigations (quinoxaline, naphthalene, pyrazine) spin polarization in 2-methyl-naphthalene and anthracene is due to the selectivity of the depopulation mechanism. This is demonstrated by the time dependence of the ESR-signals after switching on and off ex-citation light. The evaluation of the experiments yields a common rule concerning the intrinsic zero-field decay rate constants of naphthalene, 2-methyl-naphthalene and anthracene:
kx : ky : kz ≈ 2 : 1 : 0,2
The selectivity of the population decreases in the sequence naphthalene, 2-methyl-naphthalene, anthracene.
Über Probenpräparation, Oberflächenzustand und Kristallbaufehler von einkristallinem β-rhomboedrischem Bor/ On Sample Preparation, Surface Conditions and Lattice Defects of Monocrystalline β-Rhombohedral Boron
Authors: Binnenbruck H. , Hausen A. , Runow P. , Werheit H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By use of an etching solution of 70% by weight H2O, 22% K3[Fe(CN)6] and 8% KOH largely plane sample surfaces can be obtained, the quality of which corresponds to electrolytically polished metal surfaces. A possibly existing crystalline surface layer does not exceed a thickness of 25 Å. The method is suitable for preparing extremely thin samples, which are transparent for visible light and high energy electrons. X-ray investigations and electron micrographs indicate lattice defects of great concentration in the available monocrystals.