bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms persist after chlorhexidine treatment
Authors: Yamaguchi Mikiyo , Noiri Yuichiro , Kuboniwa Masae , Yamamoto Reiko , Asahi Yoko , Maezono Hazuki , Hayashi Mikako , Ebisu Shigeyuki 
Published: April 2013

Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate effectively reduces the viability of biofilm‐forming bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, it is impossible to completely remove biofilms. The goal of the present study was to assess the potential pathogenicity of residual P. gingivalis biofilms in vitro after treatment with CHX gluconate. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser imaging revealed that treatment with CHX gluconate disrupted individual biofilm‐forming P. gingivalis cells but did not destroy the biofilms. The volumes of the protein and carbohydrate constituents in the residual biofilms were not significantly different from those of the controls. The physical resistance of the residual biofilms to ultrasonication was significantly higher than that of controls. The volume of P. gingivalis adherent to the residual biofilms was higher than that to saliva‐coated wells. These findings suggest that although CHX gluconate caused disruption of biofilm‐forming cells, the constituents derived from disrupted cells were maintained in the biofilms, which sustained their external structures. Moreover, the residual biofilms could serve as a scaffold for the formation of new biofilms.
Robust Fall Social Displays Predict Spring Reproductive Behavior in Brown‐Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater ater)
Authors: Kohn Gregory M. , King Andrew P. , Pott Uwe , West Meredith J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe ability to engage others in close proximity may be an essential component of social life and shapes the development of social skills. Variation in the willingness to initiate and sustain close interaction with conspecifics is known as sociability. The Brown‐headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) uses an affiliative display called the head‐down to bring individuals into close proximity. During fall 2009, we manipulated a large flock of cowbirds in a fission–fusion perturbation and recorded the frequency of head‐downs and social approaches. During the fission–fusion perturbation, the rate of head‐downs remained both correlated and repeatable across perturbations. In spring 2010, we separated individuals into three aviaries, a high, intermediate, and low aviary, based on the frequency of head‐down displays they initiated during the previous fall 2009. When breeding, males in the high flock produced a higher number of songs within counter‐singing matches, and females laid more eggs in comparison with the other aviaries. These findings suggest that head‐down displays performed outside the breeding season may contribute to the development and maintenance of reproductive competence by providing intimate social interactions with others.
The Role of the State in Family Law
Authors: Boshier Hon. Peter , Kreeger Hon. Judith , Czutrin Hon. George , Spelman Julia 
Published: April 2013

Jurisdictions around the world have been grappling with the appropriate boundaries for the State's role in family law, particularly during this time of fiscal restraint. This article draws on some of the history and research from New Zealand, Canada and the United States to outline the fundamental elements of a just family law system. The authors suggest that wherever each State draws its boundaries, it should nevertheless provide for each of those elements.Key points for family court community

The state has a vital role in protecting vulnerable people

The state has a vital role in providing vehicles for dispute resolution

The judge has a leadership role in structuring early intervention in high conflict cases
Association of Family and Conciliation Courts Guidelines for Child Protection Mediation
Authors: Giovannucci Marilou , Largent Karen 
Published: April 2013

The Child Protection Mediation Guidelines Workgroup came together under the auspices of the Child Welfare Collaborative Decision Making Network to examine program development and the practice of Child Protection Mediation (CPM). The Workgroup convened and began its work in 2010. The resultant “Guidelines for Child Protection Mediation” was approved by the AFCC Board of Directors in 2012.Key Points for the Family Court Community
Child Protection Mediation provides an opportunity for families and professionals involved in child abuse and neglect matters to resolve disputes in a safe, inclusive and thoughtful manner.
The Guidelines for Child Protection Mediation establish core principles and strategies for establishing and maintaining high quality child protection mediation programs and practices.
The Guidelines for Child Protection Mediation can serve as a road map for programs and practitioners to follow in their day‐to‐day work with families and their children who are involved with the child welfare system.
The Idea of Family Relationship Centres in Australia
Authors: Parkinson Patrick 
Published: April 2013

Family Relationship Centres formed the centrepiece of major reforms to the family law system in Australia which were introduced from 2006 onwards. They were established all over the country between 2006 and 2008, providing information and advice and offering free or heavily subsidised mediation of parenting disputes. They are an early intervention strategy to help parents manage the transition from parenting together to parenting apart in the aftermath of separation, and are intended to lead to significant cultural change in the resolution of post‐separation parenting disputes. They also play a role in strengthening intact family relationships (mainly through advice and referral). This article explains the concept of Family Relationship Centres and how they operate. It also explains the background to their development and how the idea came to be accepted by the Australian Government.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Describes the concept of the Australian Family Relationship Centres
A community‐centric, rather than court‐centric, approach to resolving issues of parenting after separation
Early indications of success include a decline of about 32% in the number of children's cases filed in Australia over a five year period.
Getting It Right for Families in Australia: Commentary on the April 2013 Special Issue on Family Relationship Centres
Authors: Kelly Joan B. 
Published: April 2013

This Commentary provides a brief overview of the search for alternatives to the adversarial legal system for separating parents in the United States as a context for understanding the vision and importance of the Australian legislation, and then turns to a consideration of six critical aspects of the 2006 Family Relationship Centres legislation that were essential to ensuring success from the outset.
Key Points for the Family Court Community and Policy‐makers
Bold and innovative family law reform in Australia created a new alternative pathway of community‐based, non‐adversarial services for separating parents with parenting disputes.
Family Relationship Centers, the centerpiece of the 2006 reforms, provide a first point of entry with a highly integrated matrix of information, referral, and service options, complemented by national advice and legal information resources for parents.
Evaluation of the objectives of the reform legislation indicated a 32% reduction in filings with the Family Court of Australia over five years, increased use of the Family Relationship Centers, reduced use of lawyers for parenting disputes, and significant reduction in costs to the Government for services.
This structure and success of this early intervention service model should be of considerable interest to policy‐makers in other countries.
Unholy Clergy: Amending State Child Abuse Reporting Statutes to Include Clergy Members as Mandatory Reporters in Child Sexual Abuse Cases
Authors: Goldenberg Rachel 
Published: April 2013

Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting Statutes date back as early as the 1960s. These statutes require certain individuals to report any instance of suspected child abuse that is made known to them. Individuals who are mandated reporters include, but are not limited to, physicians, therapists, and schoolteachers. Over the past decade, with the eruption of sexual abuse in the Catholic, Jewish, and Mormon communities, special attention has been given to reporting statutes in determining who qualifies as mandated reporters. The clergy‐penitent privilege, which exempts clergy members from having to report instances of abuse made known to them in their religious or otherwise professional capacity, remains one of the last reporting statutory exemptions today. This Note advocates for the abrogation of the clergy‐penitent privilege in cases of child sexual abuse. In religious communities, where religious personnel are often the first to be made aware of child abuse, clergy members should be required to report instances of child sexual abuse in an effort to better protect children.Keypoints for the Family Court Community
Currently every state in the United States has enacted some form of child abuse reporting statutes.
There is a lack of uniformity among state reporting statutes over who is required to be a mandated reporter of abuse. Nearly half of the states in the U.S. carve out a religious exemption for clergy‐members from having to report instances of child abuse.
This exemption creates a discrepancy between religious personnel and other individuals who are mandated reporters.
Indicated Reports of Child Abuse or Maltreatment: When Suspects Become Victims
Authors: Owhe Joan 
Published: April 2013

Most states have central registries for reporting suspected child abuse to help child protective services, childcare providers, adoption agencies, and professions that have contact with children, know whether an individual has a history of child abuse. If the local agency finds that there is some credible evidence to support the complaint, the report is marked “indicated” and the individual who is the subject of the report is listed on the central register. Although this information can be invaluable in preventing future child abuse, central registries may contain false or unsubstantiated accounts of child abuse, implicating innocent individuals. These falsely accused parents are left to deal with the consequences, such as loss of employment opportunities. To address the problem of indicated reports and the harsh consequences innocent foster parents face as subjects of such reports, this Note proposes that the standard for substantiating reports of child abuse or maltreatment should be raised from the “credible evidence” standard to the “fair preponderance of the evidence” standard.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Addressing the issue of child abuse and maltreatment is of great importance and the need to create effective measures for dealing with this issue is imperative
This Note discusses how reporting suspected child abuse or maltreatment to the State Central Registry may help resolve this problem, but may also create a new class of victims if the standard for substantiating the report is below the fair preponderance of the evidence standard
This Note focuses on the harsh consequences child care providers, such as foster parents, face when reports made to the State Central Registry are substantiated under the credible evidence standard but prove to be baseless when the evidence is measured using the fair preponderance of the evidence standard
Pharmacokinetics of meprobamate in overdose treated with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF)
Authors: Ceschi Alessandro , Berger David , Dickenmann Michael , Bodmer Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report a case of massive suicidal overdose of meprobamate leading to cardiovascular collapse, respiratory failure, and severe central nervous system depression. We observed first‐order elimination kinetics despite significant overdose, and demonstrated effectiveness of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) for extracorporeal removal of meprobamate in this patient. Total body clearance was calculated to be 87 mL/minute, with 64 mL/minute (74%) due to CVVHDF. CVVHDF was stopped after 36 hours, and the patient made an uneventful recovery.
Expect the unexpected: patients’ and families’ expectations and experiences of new clinical procedures
Authors: Ehrich Kathryn , Cowie Luke , Sandall Jane 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundEarly stage clinical innovation often occurs ‘under the radar’ of governance systems for established procedures. Previously impossible or unavailable techniques still being developed involve additional uncertainty and unknown risks and benefits compared with standard procedures. Patient and family expectations, perceptions and experiences of these new procedures and their possible impacts on aspects of patient safety are under‐researched.ObjectiveTo explore patient and family expectations and experiences of undergoing new clinical procedures.SettingA large UK Hospital NHS Foundation Trust with a range of clinically innovative specialties.MethodsWe interviewed 15 patients who received new clinical procedures in a variety of medical and surgical specialties. Qualitative interviews were used to facilitate in‐depth exploration of patient and family views and experiences. Topics included patient and family access to and expectations of the procedure, informed decision making regarding acceptance of new procedures and post‐procedure experiences.ResultsSome patients sought out specific interventions, while others accepted new treatment options that clinicians proposed. Most participants reported that explanations about the procedure and risks were clear, and there were opportunities to ask questions prior to the procedure. Most participants also regarded their procedures as successful. However, post‐procedure information follow‐up was often reported as lacking and some outcomes were considerably problematic and raised patient safety issues.DiscussionThe importance of patients’ and family views in evaluating health care are increasingly recognized. We discuss the implications of our findings for informed decision making and post‐intervention follow‐up.
High‐Temperature Flexural Strength and Thermal Stability of Near Zero Expanding doped Aluminum Titanate Ceramics for Diesel Particulate Filters Applications
Authors: Papitha Ramanathan , Buchi Suresh Madireddy , Dibakar Das , Johnson Roy 
Published: April 2013

A substantial increase in sinterability, high‐temperature flexural strength, thermal stability in combination with an average thermal expansion of 0.42 × 10−6/°C (30–1000°C) is achieved through magnesium silicate (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) doping of Aluminum Titanate (Al2TiO5) ceramics. Doped specimens exhibited the sintered density of 99% of theoretical density at 1550°C and a maximum enhancement of 169.23% (70 MPa) in flexural strength at 1200°C as compared with 26 MPa measured at 30°C. Enhancement of flexural strength at elevated temperature can be attributed to the increasing extent of thermally activated crack blunting with increasing temperature, which is further evident from the dilatometric hysteresis curve recorded for these samples. XRD investigations of undoped (Al2TiO5, AT) samples annealed at 1100°C for 5 and 10 h have shown clear evidence of decomposition to precursor oxides by 7% and 21.13%, respectively. However, the samples of magnesium silicate–doped Al2TiO5 (TAT) under identical conditions have shown no sign of decomposition, indicating significantly high thermal stability. TAT formulations were also extrusion processed to investigate the suitability of forming cellular honeycomb structures. TAT formulation with superior thermo‐mechanical properties and excellent adaptability for extrusion processing can be explored for the development of next generation diesel particulate filters (DPF).
A farm‐to‐fork model to evaluate the level of polyacetylenes in processed carrots
Authors: Tiwari Uma , Rawson Ashish , Valverde Juan , Reilly Kim , Brunton Nigel , Cummins Enda 
Published: April 2013

SummaryNaturally occurring aliphatic C17 polyacetylene compounds [falcarinol (FaOH), falcarindiol (FaDOH) and falcarindiol‐3‐acetate (FaDOAc)] in carrots are known for their bioactivity and health benefits. This study assesses the impact of pre‐ and postharvest processes (including food processing stages) on the level of polyacetylenes and evaluates subsequent human exposure using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The model includes data inputs from both experimental and published literature sources. The sensitivity analysis highlights the importance of cultivar selection and agronomic factors. The sensitivity analysis also showed that peeling, blanching and boiling time of carrots have a significant negative influence on the level of polyacetylenes with correlation coefficients of −0.15, −0.14 and −0.19 for FaOH, −0.47, −0.23 and −0.20 for FaDOH and −0.29, −0.26 and −0.25 for FaDOAc, respectively. The scenario analysis shows the practical application of the proposed model for industrial processing of carrots. This model could facilitate food processors in optimising critical processing factors such as peeling and cutting prior to processing of carrots.
United Kingdom Myeloma Forum (UKMF) position statement on the use of bendamustine in myeloma
Authors: Pratt G. , Bowcock S. , Lai M. , Bell S. , Bird J. , D'Sa S. , Cavenagh J. , Cook G. , Morgan G. , Owen R. , Snowden J.A. , Yong K. , Davies F. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBendamustine is a unique bifunctional alkylating agent with promising activity in myeloma. Despite the increasing number of studies demonstrating its efficacy in both the upfront and relapse settings, including patients with renal insufficiency, the optimal use of bendamustine, in terms of dosage, schedule and combination with other agents, has yet to be defined. It is currently licensed for use as frontline treatment with prednisolone for patients with myeloma who are unsuitable for transplantation and who are contraindicated for thalidomide and bortezomib. Studies in relapsed/refractory patients are currently ongoing with other combinations. Given the increasing data to date, the UK Myeloma Forum believes that bendamustine with steroids alone or in combination with a novel agent could be considered for patients with multiply relapsed myeloma. This document provides guidance for the use of bendamustine for patients with myeloma until the results of definitive studies are available.
Understanding e‐Government portal use in rural India: role of demographic and personality characteristics
Authors: Venkatesh Viswanath , Sykes Tracy Ann , Venkatraman Srinivasan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractElectronic government (e‐Government) is one of the most important ways to bridge the digital divide in developing countries. We develop a model of e‐Government portal use. We use various individual characteristics, namely demographics and personality, as predictors of e‐Government portal use. Specifically, our predictors were (1) gender, age, income and education; (2) the Big Five personality characteristics, i.e. extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience; and (3) personal innovativeness with information technology. We conducted a field study in a village in India. We collected data from over 300 heads of household. We found support for our model, with most variables being significant and explaining 40% of the variance in e‐Government portal use.
Pain and Associated Substance Use among Opioid Dependent Individuals Seeking Office‐Based Treatment with Buprenorphine–Naloxone: A Needs Assessment Study
Authors: Barry Declan T. , Savant Jonathan D. , Beitel Mark , Cutter Christopher J. , Moore Brent A. , Schottenfeld Richard S. , Fiellin David A. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectivesA paucity of studies has examined the pain experiences of opioid dependent individuals seeking office‐based buprenorphine‐naloxone treatment (BNT). We set out to examine, among those seeking BNT: (a) the prevalence of pain types (i.e., recent pain, chronic pain), (b) the characteristics of pain (intensity, frequency, duration, interference, location, and genesis), and (c) substance use to alleviate pain.MethodWe surveyed 244 consecutive individuals seeking office‐based BNT for opioid dependence about physical pain and associated substance use.ResultsThirty‐six percent of respondents reported chronic pain (CP) (i.e., pain lasting at least 3 months) and 36% reported “some pain” (SP) (i.e., past week pain not meeting the threshold for CP). In comparison to SP respondents, those with CP were, on average, older; reported greater current pain intensity, pain frequency, typical pain duration, typical pain intensity, and typical pain interference; were more likely to report shoulder or pelvis and less likely to report stomach or arms as their most bothersome pain location; and were more likely to report accident or nerve damage and less likely to report opioid withdrawal as the genesis of their pain. Both pain subgroups reported similarly high rates of past‐week substance use to alleviate pain.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThe high rates of pain and self‐reported substance use to manage pain suggest the importance of assessing and addressing pain in BNT patients. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:212–217)
Association between Craving and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms among Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Seitz Andrea , Wapp Manuela , Burren Yuliya , Stutz Sonja , Schläfli Katrin , Moggi Franz 
Published: April 2013

Background/AimAdult Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms may suffer more from craving than patients who only have AUD. However, craving may be even more strongly related to withdrawal and psychiatric symptoms; therefore, the association between craving and ADHD may be misinterpreted. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between craving and ADHD symptoms among AUD patients in more detail.MethodsIn a multisite study, 385 patients with and without ADHD symptoms who were attending treatment for alcohol dependence were compared in terms of craving, withdrawal, and psychiatric symptoms. The contribution of ADHD symptoms to craving was estimated in a hierarchical regression analysis by controlling for psychiatric and withdrawal symptoms.ResultsPatients with probable adult ADHD showed higher craving, more withdrawal and psychiatric symptoms, and rated withdrawal symptoms as more severe than did patients without ADHD symptoms. In the regression model, only about 3% of variance in alcohol craving was explained by ADHD symptomatology, whereas 23% of the variance was explained when withdrawal and psychiatric symptoms were added to the model.ConclusionsAlcohol craving is likely related to withdrawal and psychiatric symptoms more strongly than to ADHD symptoms. (Am J Addict 2013; 22:292–296)