bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology, viscoelastic properties and the mechanical performance of highly toughened polyamide 6/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polylactic acid ternary blends
Authors: Foroozan Ali , Jahani Yousef 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this research, the morphology, rheology, and mechanical performance of polyamide 6/polylactic acid/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PA6/ABS/PLA) ternary blends were studied. The optimum ABS percentage in PA6/ABS binary blend to achieve highly toughened blend was determined around 35 wt.%. The spreading coefficient (Sij) predictions showed that each of PLA and ABS can form separate phase in the PA6 matrix. The evaluation of the interfacial interactions in the ternary blends revealed a higher tendency of PLA to interact with PA6 chains (Sij:−1.20) rather than ABS (Sij:−0.20) which is in comply with higher work of adhesion of PLA/PA6 than PLA/ABS and PA6/ABS. By adding PLA to the binary blends of PA6/ABS, it was found that the ABS domain size decreased due to rheological change. The localization of each component in the ternary blends observed in SEM analysis was in agreement with spreading coefficient predictions. Morphological evaluations revealed higher interfacial interactions between PA6 and PLA in the blends with up to 20 wt.% PLA. The optimized blend ratio of ternary blends showed higher complex viscosity at low shear rates and higher values than the mixing rule prediction. The optimum flexural modulus of 2 GPa and impact resistance of 47 kJ/m2 were achieved at 20 wt.% PLA in PA6/ABS/PLA ternary blend.Highlights
The optimum PA6/ABS blend ratio to achieve high toughness was determined.
The phase localization in the blends predicted via Spreading Coefficient.
The interaction of PA6 and ABS enhanced by the addition of PLA in the blends.
The mechanical properties of blends are correlated with rheological behavior.
The flexural modulus of blends was higher than Halpin–Tsai model predictions.
Synthesis of paeonol hydrazone derivatives and their anti‐oomycete, anti‐fungal, and nematicidal activities
Authors: Hu Mei , Guo Xiaolong , Tian Yuee , Li Yan , Liu Yibo , Huang Xiaobo , Chen Genqiang , Che Zhiping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe natural product paeonol is a rich and sustainable natural bioresource, and its derivatives have various unique biological efficacy. As is well known, Schiff bases are a class of organic compounds with a wide range of biological activities, including anti‐fungal, insecticidal, anti‐viral, and nematicidal.RESULTSTo discover biorational natural product‐based pesticides, nine intermediates (2–10), 12 sulfonylhydrazones (11a–11c, 12a–12c, 13a–13c, and 14a–14c) and 20 benzylidene hydrazones (18a–18r, 19a, and 20a) were synthesized by structural modification of paeonol, and their structures were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon‐13 (13C) NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The stereochemical configurations of compounds 14a, 18d, and 18r were unambiguously confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Furthermore, bioactivities of these compounds as anti‐oomycete, anti‐fungal, and nematicidal agents against three serious agricultural pests, Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium graminearum, and Heterodera glycines were evaluated. Among all tested compounds: (i) compound 7 exhibited promising anti‐oomycete against Phytophthora capsici, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 15.81 mg L−1; (ii) compounds 2, 7, 10, and 19a displayed promising anti‐fungal against F. graminearum, with EC50 values of 12.22, 14.72, 23.39, and 33.10 mg L−1, respectively; (iii) ten compounds (12a–12c, 14c, 18g–18j, 18m, and 19a) showed significant nematicidal activity against H. glycines, with median lethal concentration (LC50) values all less than 30.00 mg L−1. Especially for compound 18g, its LC50 value is the smallest, at 12.65 mg L−1.CONCLUSIONThe research results indicate that introducing nitro groups at the C5 position of paeonol, or introducing halogens at both C5 and C3 positions, can significantly enhance its biological activity against Phytophthora capsici, F. graminearum, and H. glycines. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia arising from the chest wall presenting as a substantial mass
Authors: Kitamura Naoya , Tanabe Keitaro , Ojima Toshihiro , Shimoyama Koichiro , Noguchi Akira , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Tsuchiya Tomoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLymphoid follicular hyperplasia (LFH) is a benign lymphoproliferative disease. Although it can occur within the thoracic cavity, LFH originating from the chest wall has not been reported. A 79‐year‐old woman was incidentally found to have a well‐defined mass on the left posterior chest wall during a preoperative examination for aortic valve replacement. The mass had slowly grown over 6 years. Thoracoscopic surgical resection was performed without complications. Pathological examination ruled out lymphoproliferative diseases, such as Castleman disease or malignant lymphoma, and a diagnosis of LFH was made. Although LFH generally has a good prognosis, surgical resection is recommended for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes owing to the possibility of malignancy masquerading as a reactive lesion. This is the first report of an LFH arising from the chest wall with imaging findings similar to other benign tumours. Its potential as a differential diagnosis for tumours with similar imaging findings is highlighted.
Self‐employed people with chronic health conditions: Business maintenance and well‐being
Authors: Sowan Wafaa , Yagil Dana , Cohen Miri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic health conditions (CHCs) involve physical, psychological, and social challenges and can have a significant negative impact on work ability, which can then affect performance and job satisfaction. However, the various effects of CHCs on business operations and maintenance among self‐employed workers are understudied. This study examined four common CHCs that are characterised by persistent symptoms and can prompt major life changes: respiratory disease, heart conditions, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer survivorship. Groups were compared regarding the CHC's impact on business maintenance (declining in income and activity, and slowing business growth), and well‐being. A sample of 294 self‐employed workers with these CHCs completed questionnaires about how their conditions affect their businesses, physical symptoms, and well‐being. The four CHCs had substantial negative effects on business maintenance. Differences were found in reported changes in income, activity, and growth between individuals with inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. No differences in well‐being occurred among self‐employed people with different CHCs. In the overall sample, work absences and slowing business growth were negatively associated with well‐being. Although the groups differed in the severity of symptoms, threat to life, and treatment regimen, the CHCs had similar effects on most business maintenance factors and well‐being. Moreover, the results indicate that the inability to maintain a business can negatively affect well‐being.
Laser‐Patterning of Micromagnets for Immuno‐Magnetophoretic Exosome Capture
Authors: Molinski John H. , Parwal Siddhant , Zhang John X.J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfficient isolation and patterning of biomolecules is a vital step within sample preparation for biomolecular analysis, with numerous diagnostic and therapeutic applications. For exosomes, nanoscale lipid‐bound biomolecules, efficient isolation is challenging due to their minute size and resultant behavior within biofluids. This study presents a method for the rapid isolation and patterning of magnetically tagged exosomes via rationally designed micromagnets. Micromagnet fabrication utilizes a novel, scalable, and high‐throughput laser‐based fabrication approach that enables patterning at microscale lateral resolution (<50 µm) without lithographic processing and is agnostic to micromagnet geometry. Laser‐based processing allows for flexible and tunable device configurations, and herein magnetophoretic capture within both an open‐air microwell and an enclosed microfluidic system is demonstrated. Patterned micromagnets enhance localized gradient fields throughout the fluid medium, resulting in rapid and high efficiency magnetophoretic separation, with capture efficiencies nearing 70% after just 1s within open‐air microwells, and throughputs upward of 3 mL h−1 within enclosed microfluidic systems. Using this microchip architecture, immunomagnetic exosome isolation and patterning directly from undiluted plasma samples is further achieved. Lastly, a FEA‐based modeling workflow is introduced to characterize and optimize micromagnet unit cells, simulating magnetophoretic capture zones for a given micromagnet geometry.
How Is Vocabulary Learnt? An Acquisitional Sequence of L2 Word Knowledge
Authors: González‐Fernández Beatriz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSecond language acquisition (SLA) researchers have long searched for patterning in the development of linguistic elements (e.g., grammar and morphology). However, little attention has been given to the examination of systematicity in vocabulary acquisition, limiting our understanding about how overall vocabulary is learnt. The current study investigates L2 learners' lexical knowledge to explore whether there exists a consistent sequence in the acquisition of vocabulary components in second languages. Written form/meaning‐recall and written form/meaning‐recognition knowledge of four word‐knowledge components (form–meaning, collocations, multiple‐meanings, and derivatives) was assessed on 314 EFL learners from two distinct L1 backgrounds (Chinese and Spanish). Implicational and Mokken scaling analyses revealed a reliable hierarchy of knowledge of vocabulary aspects where recognition knowledge preceded recall knowledge across all components. The scale remained constant across the learner groups when explored independently (using an 80% accuracy threshold) and collectively (under both 75% and 80% accuracy thresholds). This finding indicates that the various aspects of word knowledge seem to be learnt incrementally in a consistent order by EFL learners, regardless of their L1. The study offers an empirically supported framework of word‐knowledge acquisition that improves our current understanding of L2 lexical development and can serve as guidance to further systematize vocabulary instruction in the EFL classroom.
Enhancing Young Learners’ Peer Collaboration: Pedagogical Ideas for Language Teachers
Authors: Kos Tomáš 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn increasing body of research has explored patterns of interaction and peer support among young learners. Although some studies suggest that young learners can engage in collaboration when interacting on tasks, other studies indicate the opposite. Moreover, despite the claims that peer collaboration is conducive to learning, studies have not paid enough attention to the “how” to enhance peer collaboration on tasks. This article proposes that enhancing peer collaboration is a powerful pedagogical tool that promotes communication among peers and mutual support, thus positively affecting learners' performance during classroom work. At the heart of the article, it discusses some practical pedagogical ideas for teachers which focus on teaching collaborative principles and strategies during classroom work. Although it pays particular attention to the context of primary school English foreign language teaching, its content may also be relevant to primary school teachers of other foreign and second languages.
An experimental study on jute/banana fiber reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) composites with nanofiller
Authors: Tasnim Tasfia , Rabbi M. S. , Adil Md. Mahmudul , Hasib Md. Abdul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of nanoparticles into natural fiber composites has the potential to alter the characteristics of natural fiber composites. In this study, various properties of jute and banana fiber reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites with different nanofillers incorporation were investigated. Samples were prepared using the vacuum bagging technique. Inorganic nanoparticles (Al2O3, ZnO, MgO, CuO, and TiO2) were synthesized using a ball milling machine and in each sample, 3 wt.% of nanofillers were incorporated. The maximum ultimate tensile strength and elongation percentage is found for TiO2, which is 90.433% higher than pure PVA whereas MgO incorporated samples provides maximum flexural strength, which is 162.59% higher than PVA. The sample with Al2O3 provides strongest impact resistance, 17.3 J/cm2. It was found that the decomposition temperatures were slightly higher for MgO and CuO doping than the undoped PVA composite. The FT‐IR spectra exhibited notable hydroxyl groups and minor shifts indicating a reduction in hydrophilicity upon the introduction of nanoparticles. The water absorption exhibited a reduction of up to 36% in conjunction with an increase in density across all samples. The highest crystallinity is found for CuO nanofiller composite, validated by x‐ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, morphological changes in the composites were seen through scanning electron microscopy and EDX shows a strong peak at 2.1 keV indicate some impurities present in the samples.Highlights
Jute/banana/PVA composites were prepared with 3 wt% nanoparticles incorporation.
Metal oxides such as Al2O3, ZnO, MgO, CuO, and TiO2 were used as nanoparticle.
The use of nanoparticle improved the tensile, flexural, and impact properties.
Decomposition temperatures were found higher for MgO and CuO incorporated composites.
Upon nanoparticle incorporation, water absorption exhibited a reduction of upto 36%.
Are survey stock price forecasts anchored by fundamental forecasts? A long-run perspective
Authors: Kuang Pei , Tang Li , Zhang Renbin , Zhang Tongbin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper firstly shows that a wide range of asset pricing models, including full information and Bayesian rational expectations models, typically imply that agents use the long-run cointegration relationship between stock prices and fundamentals to forecast future stock prices. However, using several widely used survey forecast datasets, we provide robust new evidence that survey forecasts of aggregate stock price indices are not cointegrated with forecasts of fundamentals (aggregate consumption, dividend, and output), both at the consensus and individual level. We argue that it is crucial to relax investors’ common knowledge of the equilibrium pricing function to reconcile this finding.
Bilevel Optimization of the Kantorovich Problem and Its Quadratic Regularization
Authors: Hillbrecht Sebastian , Manns Paul , Meyer Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper is concerned with an optimization problem which is governed by the Kantorovich problem of optimal transport. More precisely, we consider a bilevel optimization problem with the underlying problem being the Kantorovich problem. This task can be reformulated as a mathematical problem with complementarity constraints in the space of regular Borel measures. Because of the non-smoothness that is induced by the complementarity constraints, problems of this type are often regularized, e.g., by an entropic regularization. However, in this paper we apply a quadratic regularization to the Kantorovich problem. By doing so, we are able to drastically reduce its dimension while preserving the sparsity structure of the optimal transportation plan as much as possible. As the title indicates, this is the second part in a series of three papers. While the existence of optimal solutions to both the bilevel Kantorovich problem and its regularized counterpart were shown in the first part, this paper deals with the (weak-$$*$$

∗

) convergence of solutions to the regularized bilevel problem to solutions of the original bilevel Kantorovich problem for vanishing regularization parameters.
Light-mediated biosynthesis of size-tuned silver nanoparticles using Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract
Authors: Colleselli Lucia , Mutschlechner Mira , Spruck Martin , Albrecht Florian , Strube Oliver I. , Vrabl Pamela , Zeilinger Susanne , Schöbel Harald 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBio-based production of silver nanoparticles represents a sustainable alternative to commercially applied physicochemical manufacturing approaches and provides qualitatively highly valuable nanomaterials due to their narrow size dispersity, high stability and biocompatibility with broad application potentials. The intrinsic features of nanoparticles depend on size and shape, whereby the controlled synthesis is a challenging necessity. In the present study, the biosynthesis of size-tuned silver nanoparticles based on cell-free extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 1333 was investigated. Single parameter optimization strategies in phases of cultivation, extraction, and synthesis were performed to modify the nanoparticle scale and yield. Visible light was exploited as a tool in nanoparticle production. The influence of white light on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was determined by using novel LED systems with the exposition of varying irradiation intensities and simultaneous performance of control experiments in the dark. Characterization of the resulting nanomaterials by spectrophotometric analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, revealed spherical silver nanoparticles with controlled, light-mediated size shifts in markedly increased quantities. Matching of irradiated and non-irradiated reaction mixtures mirrored the enormous functionality of photon input and the high sensitivity of the biosynthesis process. The silver nanoparticle yields increased by more than 90% with irradiation at $$1.0 \pm 0.2\text{ mW }{\text{cm}}^{-2}$$

1.0
±
0.2

mW

cm

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2

and the reduction of particle dimensions was achieved with significant shifts of size-specific absorption maxima from 440 to 410 nm, corresponding to particle sizes of 130 nm and 100 nm, respectively. White light emerged as an excellent tool for nano-manufacturing with advantageous effects for modulating unique particle properties.
Graphical abstract
Why do young men not seek help for affective mental health issues? A systematic review of perceived barriers and facilitators among adolescent boys and young men
Authors: Sheikh Ayesha , Payne-Cook Chloe , Lisk Stephen , Carter Ben , Brown June S. L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Men are less likely to seek help for their mental health than women, but less is known about the specific patterns of help-seeking in adolescent boys and young men. This is concerning as adolescent boys and young men have high suicide rates but a low take-up of services. It is therefore of particular importance that the access needs of this group are understood. This review sought to identify the barriers and facilitators faced by adolescent boys and young men in help-seeking for affective mental health disorders. A search of the PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases identified 3961 articles, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. Six of the studies were qualitative, five were quantitative and one used mixed methods. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the articles. Five key themes were identified, including the impact of social norms, with the subthemes of conformity to masculine norms and self-stigma, limited availability of information about mental health, and ‘male-friendly’ mental health literacy campaigns. Other themes referred to the help-seeking preferences of adolescent boys and young men, in terms of informal or formal and online or offline help-seeking. Some of the factors were well-researched (e.g., conformity to masculine norms as a barrier) whereas other factors (e.g., self-compassion as a facilitator) were less researched. These barriers and facilitators need to be considered in the development of future strategies to improve the help-seeking behaviour of adolescent boys and young men.
A quantitative analysis of the security of PoW-based blockchains
Authors: Alharby Maher , Alssaiari Ali , Alateef Saad , Thomas Nigel , Moorsel Aad van 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the security implications of Proof-of-Work blockchains with respect to the stale block rate and the lack of a block verification process. The stale block rate is a crucial security metric that quantifies the proportion of rejected blocks in the blockchain network. The absence of a block verification process represents another critical security concern, as it permits the potential for invalid transactions within the network. In this article, we propose and implement a quantitative and analytical model to capture the primary operations of Proof-of-Work blockchains utilizing the Performance Evaluation Process Algebra. The proposed model can assist blockchain designers, architects, and analysts in achieving the ideal security level for blockchain systems by determining the proper network and consensus settings. We conduct extensive experiments to determine the sensitivity of security to four aspects: the number of active miners and their mining hash rates, the duration between blocks, the latency in block propagation, and the time required for block verification, all of which have been shown to influence the outcomes. We contribute to the findings of the existing research by conducting the first analysis of how the number of miners affects the frequency of stale block results, as well as how the delay in block propagation influences the incentives received by rational miners who choose to avoid the block verification process.
A pedagogy for the end of the world: teaching environmental health and justice in a sacrifice zone
Authors: Alkon Alison Hope 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article describes pedagogical changes that I have made to my Environmental Justice class at the University of the Pacific in response to increasingly crisis conditions with regard to both climate change and higher education. Over the past 15 years, my students are increasingly low-income, first generation, and from Stockton, a so-called “sacrifice zone” with abysmal environmental health outcomes in the heart of California’s Central Valley. My increasing focus on local environmental health disparities, combined with the intensification of the climate crisis, and my decision to prioritize support for student mental health in the midst of climate anxiety, have resulted in a class that feels both connected and immersive. Students are engaging with readings and other course materials, actively participating in discussion, and pushing us further with their own questions, passions, and lived experiences. In this “post”-covid world in which student engagement has become increasingly difficult, student mental health is increasingly tenuous, and climate anxieties plague students and faculty alike, this feels extraordinary and worth sharing. This essay is a chance to reflect on why this shift has occurred, and the potential for university classes to draw working class, diverse students into environmental and climate justice movements at a time when they are so desperately needed.
Generalized Hamiltonian systems on subvarieties: constant rank case
Authors: Fukuda Takuo , Janeczko Stanislaw 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor the constraint variety in symplectic manifold, the solvable Hamiltonian vector fields on the constraint are investigated. According to P.A.M. Dirac [3], the space of solvable Hamiltonian systems is determined by the geometric restriction of the symplectic form to the constraint. Solvability condition of the generalized Hamiltonian systems is extended to singular varieties and applied under some assumption on singularities. The constraint being a smooth submanifold in a symplectic space was considered in [6]. In this paper, we investigate the solvability of generalized Hamiltonian systems and the constraint invariants on singular constraints in the constant rank case.