bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare Malignant Parapharyngeal Tumors: Is There a Dilemma?
Authors: Panda Naresh K. , Gupta Karan , Verma Roshan , Ghoshal Sushmita , Bakshi Jaimanti , Vasishta Rakesh K. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo study the clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics along with the treatment outcome of 23 patients presenting with malignant parapharyngeal space tumors.MethodRetrospective chart review between 2001 to 2010, at Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Chandigarh, India. Retrospective analysis of malignant parapharyngeal tumors from 2001 to 2010. Subjects: Twenty‐three patients. Interventions: Clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics. Outcome measures: Disease‐free survival at 1 year.ResultsOut of 23 cases, 17 were rare malignancies of the parapharyngeal space. Of these, 6 tumors arose de novo (sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma) and 3 were direct extension of deep lobe parotid tumor (undifferentiated carcinoma with neck metastasis). Other rare tumors were extra osseous chordoma of the parapharyngeal space (n = 1), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n = 1), malignant ameloblastoma (n = 1), malignant melanoma extending to the infratemporal fossa (n = 1), malignant schwannoma (n = 1), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation (triton tumor; n = 1), neurofibroma with atypia (n = 1), and extraosseus Ewing’s sarcoma (n = 1). Fourteen out of 23 (60.8%) patients are alive with no evidence of disease on variable follow up with mean follow up of 15 months.ConclusionTumors of the parapharyngeal space are uncommon, comprising less than 1% of all head and neck neoplasms. Accurate diagnosis and management is challenging and requires a team approach. When the diagnosis is ambiguous, a complete surgical excision and histopathological examination should be the preferred approach for these rare tumors.
Recurrent Laryngeal Neurofibroma Unrelated to NF Type 1
Authors: Phillips Jeffrey , Gu Xin , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveAlthough rare, neurofibromas arising from the recurrent laryngeal nerve in neurofibromatosis type I patients have been cited in the literature. However, recurrent laryngeal neurofibromas unrelated to this inherited disorder have not been reported. We describe a new entity of a recurrent laryngeal neurofibroma arising at the level of the glottis.MethodA case report and literature review is presented. A patient with progressive dysphonia, dysphagia, and mild dyspnea was referred to our cancer center in November 2011 for assessment. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed right vocal cord paresis and a submucosal mass causing medial displacement of the right arytenoid.ResultsCT imaging revealed a well‐defined, nonenhancing mass at the level of the posterior glottis. Transoral endoscopic surgical excision of the mass was performed. Pathology revealed a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor consistent with a neurofibroma. The patient had resolution of his dyspnea and achieved significant improvement of his voice with a 6‐week course of speech therapy, despite postoperative right vocal cord paralysis.ConclusionIsolated neurofibromas of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, without the appearance of other characteristic features of von Recklinhausen disease have not been reported. Although benign, early recognition and surgical excision of these lesions is necessary to prevent airway obstruction, dysphagia, and aspiration.
Rhytidectomy in Parotidectomy
Authors: Piccioni Lucia O. , Sarandria Daniela , Pilolli Francesco , Bussi Mario 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Describe our results in a different surgical approach to parotidectomy. 2) Establish the indications to this approach. 3) Establish the incidence of postoperative complications.MethodFrom February 2008 until June 2011 we analyzed 84 successive cases of parotidectomy performed with a rhytidectomy in our department.ResultsIn 73 cases a superficial parotidectomy was performed; in 9 cases a total parotidectomy, and in 2 cases the resection involved the skin overlying the lesion. The histology showed that most of the lesions were benign. The duration of surgery increased 20 minutes on average if compared to the usual Redon’s approach. We found 23 cases of salivary fistula, solved in 6 days on average. Only 1 patient had a postoperative hemorrhage and needed a surgical revision. Twelve patients developed a facial paralysis, but it resolved in all the cases 6 months later.ConclusionRhytidectomy can be considered a useful surgical approach in benignant parotid lesions. It allows a good exposition of anatomic structures and does not show an increase of surgical complications
RON Is Associated with Tumor Progression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Yoon Tae Mi , Lee Dong Hoon , Lee Joon Kyoo , Lim Sang Chul 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate that the recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) expression is expressed in human head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) cells and to evaluate whether RON affects tumor cell behavior in head and neck cancer cell lines, thus serving as a target for molecular therapy in a preclinical model.MethodThe protein expression of RON by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis was investigated in human head‐neck cancer tissues. To evaluate the impact of RON knock down on behavior of human head‐neck cancer cell lines, invasion and migration assays using small‐interfering RNA were performed. Western blot analysis was used to assess alteration in protein expression.ResultsRON positive immunoreactions were observed relative to adjacent mucosal tissue in all 28 cases, while 15 cases (53.6%) were over‐expressed. RON over‐expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. RON protein expression was increased in cervical metastatic lymph node tissue by western blot analysis. Treatment of RON ligand, macrophage stimulating proetin (MSP) increased cell migration and invasion in human head‐neck cancer cell lines (SNU 1041, PCI 50). The knockdown of RON significantly suppressed tumor cell migration, invasion. The Erk, p38 phosphorylation was reduced by knockdown of RON in PCI 50.ConclusionRON expression might play an important role in the progression, especially lymphatic metastasis of head and neck squamous cell cancer. Further investigations are needed to assess the potential of RON‐directed molecular therapy in head and neck squamous cell cancer.
Synsepalum dulcificum and Varied Taste Occurring Postradiation Trial
Authors: Velargo Parker A. , Samant Sandeep 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivePostirradiation gustatory dysfunction (PIGD), which may cause malnutrition, is common in patients with head/neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy (XRT). Synsepalum dulcificum (miracle fruit) changes taste transduction mechanisms of certain substances. This investigation addresses whether S dulcificum can improve PIGD and result in weight augmentation in head/neck cancer patients.MethodSixteen patients meeting criteria were separated into 2 groups based on timing after XRT. In a double‐blind randomized fashion, patients were assigned miracle fruit or placebo. A series of taste batteries/questionnaires were performed. Patients were given a 1‐month supply of test substance. We measured pre‐ and posttrial weight.ResultsFifty‐four percent of patients subjectively reported that sweet tastes were most adversely affected by XRT; however, objectively all patients correctly identified sweet tastes while 30% of patients answered sour tastes incorrectly. The majority of patients in both groups had a positive response to sour tastes with S dulcificum when compared to placebo (not statistically significant). Weight gain was slightly greater in both groups with S dulcificum when compared to placebo (not statistically significant). Inter‐group analyses did not yield significant differences.ConclusionIn the treatment of PIGD, S dulcificum may be an effective treatment for patients with sour dysfunction but may not be effective in augmenting weight. It appears to work similarly in irradiation patients regardless of time after radiation. A larger N may help to obtain more significant findings.
Salivary Duct Carcinoma of the Accessory Parotid Gland
Authors: Funamura Jamie L. , Aouad Rony K. , Ramsamooj Rajen , Donald Paul J. 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Present a rare case of salivary duct carcinoma of the accessory parotid gland (APG). 2) Understand the current prevalence, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant tumors of the APG.MethodThis study includes a case presentation and literature review. The literature review included articles from October 1966 to January 2010 and included all cases of accessory parotid gland tumors in adults.ResultsOne hundred and nineteen cases with 19 different tumor types were reported in the accessory parotid gland (APG). Pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma represented 50% and 23%, respectively. There were no previously reported salivary duct carcinomas of the APG. Forty percent of APG neoplasms were malignant. This malignancy rate was comparable to previous studies reporting a higher rate of malignant tumors in the APG compared with 15% to 20% in parotid tumors. A standard parotidectomy remains the preferred approach with less risk to the facial nerve compared with direct cheek resection and transoral approaches.ConclusionMost tumor types that have been identified in the parotid gland have also been found in the APG, including this latest finding of salivary duct carcinoma in the accessory gland. The rate of malignant tumors of the APG appears to be higher than that of the main parotid gland.
A Genetically Modified Viral Vector for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Mouchli Anas , Han Ziying , Zheng Jun , Lajud Shayanne A. , Sanyal Samudra , O’Malley Bert W. , Li Daqing 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) To develop a novel genetically modified recombinant adenoviral vector that is expressing epidermal growth factor (EGF) and detargeting from natural coxsackie‐adenoviral receptor (CAR). 2) To apply this novel vector to head and neck cancer (HNC) as an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeted approach.MethodWild‐type adenoviral fiber knobs were genetically modified with EGF, and a novel adenoviral vector with EGF and EGFR binding properties was constructed. This novel construct was tested in the HNC tumor cells expressing a high level of EGFR.ResultsThe novel genetically modified recombinant adenoviral vector demonstrated EGFR‐targeted properties. The HNC tumor cells expressing high levels of EGFR showed much more viral targeted effects as compared to the cells with low or no EGFR. The nature CAR cell surface entering mechanism was not observed in the HNC tumor cells when the novel was vector applied.ConclusionOur study suggests that the novel genetically modified recombinant adenoviral vector has EGFR‐targeted properties that target the HNC tumor cells, which commonly express high levels of EGFR. This vector has a potential for targeted delivering of diagnostic or therapeutic agents not only for HNC but for any tumor expressing EGFR.
Soluble VEGFR‐2 Expression in Head and Neck Malignant Tumors
Authors: Silver Natalie , Brill Yolanda , Baffi Judit , Albuquerque Romulo , Ambati Jayarkrishna , Valentino Joseph 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Define the spatial pattern of expression of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (sVEGFR‐2), a recently discovered receptor that has an important role in tumor lymphangiogenesis, in head and neck malignant tumors. 2) Examine the relationship between sVEGFR‐2 expression and lymphatic vessel density in head and neck malignant tumors.MethodOne hundred ten paraffin‐embedded tissue samples from patients with malignant tumors were stained using immunohistochemistry for sVEGFR‐2 and podoplanin, a marker for lymphatic vessels. Tissues studied included: squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (61), oral cavity (16), oropharynx (20), hypopharynx (5), nasopharynx (1). Papillary (4), medullary (2), and follicular (1) thyroid cancers were also examined.ResultssVEGFR‐2 expression was identified in all squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Expression was specific to the endothelial cells in blood vessels of both malignant tissue as well as adjacent normal tissues. sVEGFR‐2 was not expressed in lymphatic vessels. This secreted protein was also expressed in tissue stroma. Decreased expression of sVEGFR‐2 was correlated with increased lymphatic vessel density in tumors, as measured by podoplanin expression. sVEGFR‐2 was minimally expressed in normal thyroid tissue but was abundant in the basement membrane of papillary thyroid cancer cells.ConclusionWe have provided the first evidence of sVEGFR‐2 expression in head and neck malignant tumors. Its expression correlates with lymphatic vessel density in head and neck malignant tumors and ongoing studies will reveal the precise function of sVEGFR‐2 in nodal metastasis and disease progression.
Surgical Treatment of Lingual Thyroid
Authors: Hall Francis T. , Ghanem Tamer A. , Stachler Robert J. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo describe 2 contrasting surgical approaches in the treatment of patients with a lingual thyroid.MethodCase series from 2006 to 2008. Condition studied: lingual thyroid. Subjects and setting: Patients requiring surgery for lingual thyroid in a community hospital. Outcome measurements: recurrence, complications.ResultsA 33‐year‐old woman had a small lingual thyroid. Although she had no symptoms she was planning to become pregnant and it was felt that the lingual thyroid would increase in size with pregnancy and could result in airway obstruction. She therefore underwent transoral laser resection of the entire lingual thyroid. A 36‐year‐old woman had a large combined lingual and sublingual thyroid. She was unable to sleep lying down. She had previously undergone transoral debulking. She underwent a transcervical transhyoid partial pharyngectomy with resection of the entire lingual and sublingual thyroid. Both patients had no recurrence with mean follow‐up of 9 months. There were no complications.ConclusionThe treatment of lingual thyroid needs to be tailored to the clinical presentation. Surgery can be performed either through a transoral or transcervical approach depending on the extent of disease.
A Novel Low Cost Task Trainer for Tonsillectomy Simulation
Authors: Gantwerker Eric , Toth Peter , Provenzano Matthew , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Myer Charles M. , Johnson Kaalan E. 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Develop a novel low cost task trainer which appropriately simulates the basic steps involved in a tonsillectomy procedure for the novice trainee. 2) Assess this task trainer for feasibility, face validity, usability, and content validity using a group of expert observers.MethodThe task trainer was developed to reproduce all steps of the tonsillectomy procedure using pieces of steak with adherent connective tissue to simulate the tonsil for electrocautery dissection. Pediatric otolaryngology attendings and fellows were surveyed using a 5‐point Likert scale to assess ease of use, realism, and perceived utility.ResultsThe model consists of a Styrofoam head with cut‐out oropharynx and steak pieces suspended by metal clips and wired to an electrocautery unit. Surgeons use a headlight, grasp the muscle, and electro‐dissect it away from the fat. Cost of the model was twenty US dollars. Ten attending pediatric otolaryngologists and 4 pediatric otolaryngology fellows completed simulated tonsillectomies and surveys. Participants rated a median realism score of 4 out of 5 (very realistic) and ease of use a median 5 out of 5 (simple and intuitive). All participants agreed residents would be better prepared for real tonsillectomies after using the model.ConclusionProduction and use of a tonsillectomy task trainer is a feasible and inexpensive endeavor for training programs and may provide appropriate usability and fidelity in simulating tonsillectomy for trainees. Face and content validity were confirmed by expert observers. Further study will assess validity and effectiveness for teaching and assessment.
The Effectiveness of Pregabalin on Tonsillectomy Pain
Authors: Hyun Kim Dong 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of premedication using pregabalin on postoperative pain control in patients undergoing tonsillectomy.MethodFifty adult patients were randomly divided into a control group and a pregabalin group. Patients in the control group received an oral placebo preoperatively, while those in the pregabalin group received an oral dose of pregabalin preoperatively. All participants were provided with patient controlled analgesia using fentanyl for 24 hours after surgery. The total amount of fentanyl injected and the number of injections of ketorolac tromethamine (30 mg each) requested by each of group was then compared. Pain assessment was performed using a visual analog scale during resting periods (rVAS) and during swallowing (sVAS) for 7 days after the operation.ResultsThe number of ketorolac tromethamine injections and total amount of fentanyl injected decreased significantly in the pregabalin group (P <. 01). The sVAS of the pregabalin group was significantly lower than that of the control group throughout the postoperative 24 hours. But, there were no significant differences in the sVAS observed between the 2 groups after 24 hours of the postoperative period. The rVAS of the pregabalin group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 2.8 hours after surgery but there were no significant differences in the rVAS observed between the 2 groups for the remainder of the postoperative period.ConclusionThe addition of pregabalin prior to tonsillectomy may have an adjunctive role in pain control.
The Role of Family Caregiver in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Garzaro Massimiliano , Airoldi Mario , Riva Giuseppe , Bartoli Claudia , Carnio Simona , Giordano Carlo , Pecorari Giancarlo 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveThe family caregiver’s role (FCG) is largely un‐investigated among head and neck cancer patients. 1) To better detail the role of FCG. 2) To evaluate quality of life (QoL) and psychological distress of FCGs and patients. 3) To investigate relationships between FCG’s well being and patient’s QoL and emotional pattern.MethodSixty patients and their caregivers were enrolled in this observational cross‐sectional study between 2008 and 2011 at the ENT Division of the University of Turin. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of HNSCC, stage III‐IV, completion of curative treatment and NED at the enrollment. Psycho‐oncological tests: Distress Thermometer, STAI‐Y1/Y2, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MDRS), EORTC‐QLQ‐C30+H&N35 module and Caregiver Quality of Life Index‐Cancer.ResultsPatients: state and trait anxiety are 46.7% (STAI‐Y1 mean value 40.2 ± 10.2; cutoff 40) and 36.7% (STAI‐Y2 mean value 36.7 ± 8.2; cutoff 40) respectively; self‐reported and clinician‐rated depression are 31.6% (BDI mean value 8.2 ± 5.3; cutoff 9) and 48.3% (MDRS mean value 7.9 ± 5.9; cutoff 6), respectively. CGs: state and trait anxiety are 50% (STAI‐Y1 mean value 42.5 ± 9.9; cutoff 40) and 41.7% (STAI‐Y2 mean value 39.1 ± 8.7; cutoff 40), respectively; self‐reported and clinician‐rated depression are 28.3% (BDI mean value 7.3 ± 4.7; cutoff 9) and 41.7% (MDRS mean value 7.6 ± 5.8; cutoff 6), respectively. Positive association among emotional scales of patients and caregivers was observed. Patients’ psychological aspects are negatively associated with CGs’ QoL and vice versa.ConclusionAnxiety and depression are often present in FCGs and cured HNC patients. Long‐term patients’ QoL is the result of a frail balance between FCG and patient emotional and psychological distress. A psychological support for FCG could improve patient well‐being.
Transfacial Ultrasound‐Guided Parotid Stone Removal
Authors: Carroll William R. , Walvekar Rohan R. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Describe a surgical technique of ultrasound‐guided, transfacial, gland‐preserving resection of difficult parotid stones. 2) Review outcomes in treated patients.MethodStudy design: Case series with chart review. Time frame: 2008 through 2011. Disease: Parotid sialolithiasis. Subjects: Patients with parotid sialolithiasis unmanageable with endoscopy alone. Setting: Tertiary care university hospital. Intervention: Ultrasound‐guided, transfacial resection. Outcome measurements: Stone size, stone location, complications, and symptom relief.ResultsEleven cases of transfacial ultrasound‐guided gland‐preserving surgery were performed from 2008 to 2011. There were 8 palpable stones and 3 nonpalpable stones. Mean stone size was 8 mm. Eight patients had single stones and 3 had multiple stones. Localization was performed by ultrasound in 5 cases, by endoscopy in 2 cases and combined in 4 cases. The facial nerve was visualized in 2 cases. One patient developed a postoperative salivary fistula. Seventy‐five percent (9/12) were symptom free at follow‐up, and 25% (3/12) were improved with mild obstruction.ConclusionTransfacial ultrasound‐guided surgery for parotid sialoliths provides a safe and effective method of treating difficult parotid stones while avoiding total parotidectomy.
Strategic Plan for CBM’s Work in Ear and Hearing Care
Authors: Santana‐Hernandez Diego , Brenes Monika 
Published: February 2015

Objective1) Work with communities to improve the quality of life of people with, or at risk of, ear and hearing problems in disadvantaged societies. 2) Empower developing countries to provide all services required, at community, primary, secondary, and tertiary level, by persons affected by ear disease, hearing impairment/deafness, or deafblindness.MethodThis strategy is the result of a multidisciplinary team workshop in Germany in 2010, later reviewed by CBM advisors, approved by Senior Leadership Team, and presented to regional directors on June 24, 2011. It will be further developed for roll‐out in a joint meeting in Zimbabwe on June 7‐9, 2012.ResultsThe following areas were identified as priorities: 1) Awareness and Knowledge: The implementation of effective and sustainable measures to address the burden of EHC problems will require moving from basic awareness to fully understanding its magnitude. 2) Prevention: The most effective (and cost‐efficient) interventions in public health are those implemented to impact at primary prevention level. 3) Resources: Equipping professionals with adequate tools to deliver good quality services and emphasizing local capacity building. 4) Access: Accessibility to EHC services includes local availability at the primary healthcare level. 5) Advisory Work: into a platform to advise at global, regional, and local levels in EHC matters.ConclusionA global consensus for best practice is desirable. CBM is currently strategically positioned where it can play a key role in the facilitation of a joint international forum for agencies and stakeholders to reach that consensus. Together with WHO and the WFD, CBM could develop a global strategy.