bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Laminin‐332 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid in a 9‐Year Old Girl
Authors: Kahn Estelle , Spence Shishido Allyson , Yancey Kim B. , Lawley Leslie P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), an autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease that predominantly affects the mucous membranes, is usually diagnosed in elderly adults. Early diagnosis of MMP is crucial because it tends to run a chronic and progressive course with the potential for devastating scarring of the mucous membranes that may lead to blindness and airway compromise. A subtype of MMP, anti‐laminin‐332 MMP, is a rare blistering disorder in which autoantibodies are directed against laminin‐332 (formerly epiligrin), a structural protein of the epidermal basement membrane. Herein we report what we believe to be the youngest patient diagnosed with anti‐laminin‐332 MMP, a 9‐year‐old girl with disease affecting only the oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa, with no skin involvement.
Childhood Lichen Planus Pemphigoides: Report of Two Cases Treated Successfully with Systemic Glucocorticoids and Dapsone
Authors: Goldscheider Ilana , Herzinger Thomas , Varga Rita , Eming Rüdiger , Ruzicka Thomas , Flaig Michael J. , Sárdy Miklós 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe describe two boys, ages 8 and 7 years, who developed lichen planus pemphigoides. In one of the boys, a henna tattoo probably triggered the disease. Therapy with systemic glucocorticoids and dapsone was successful.
Comparing Costs and Risks of Retirement Plans for Sponsors
Authors: Pang Gaobo , Warshawsky Mark 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis stochastic simulation analysis compares funding costs and volatilities for private sponsors of traditional defined benefit (DB), pension equity (PE), cash balance (CB), and defined contribution (DC) retirement plans. Plan provisions of equivalent benefit generosity in the different plan types are determined. The modeling includes current funding requirements and practices as well as a comprehensive set of uncertainties in asset and labor markets. The results show that costs and risks for sponsors vary significantly with plan types, investment and funding strategies, and participant demographics. The hybrid PE and CB plans exhibit characteristics of cost efficiency, as in the DB plan, and risk reduction, as in the DC plan, for plan sponsors under conventional investment strategies. These features are more saliently observed in the CB plan, but it is also more difficult to implement effective asset–liability management strategies for it.
A Review of Catastrophic Risks for Life Insurers
Authors: Huynh Alex , Bruhn Aaron , Browne Bridget 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCatastrophic mortality events are characterized by a sudden and concentrated increase in mortality and as such present a major risk to life insurers. Such events include pandemics, war, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and industrial, transport, and other accidents. Of these, pandemics arising from influenza are considered the most significant threat to the life insurance industry due to their capacity to cause a major increase in claims. We review the features and mortality implications of an influenza pandemic for life insurers, and describe a range of other risks that are likely to emerge as well.
Actuarial Science Summer Program for Women and Minorities
Authors: Gardner Lisa , Santos Christian Roldán , White Toby 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDrake University offered a 5‐day program focusing on the recruitment of women and minorities into actuarial science studies. A few universities offer actuarial science summer camps targeting high school students. Participants in this camp, however, came exclusively from community colleges. In this article, we provide an overview of the camp's activities, structure, and outcomes. We present a longitudinal analysis of student feedback, reflecting results from one survey administered before the camp began and another distributed very near the camp's end. Our results indicate the camp succeeded on many counts.
Strain Localisation in iPP/MWCNT Nanocomposites Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Ivanov E. , Ienny P. , Leger R. , Caro‐Bretelle A. S. , Kotsilkova R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPolypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites with different rates of weight incorporation (0–1%) were prepared by melt compounding and cast extrusion. The effect of maleic anhydride (5 wt%) grafted on polypropylene is studied through mechanical tests at different scales and morphological observations. In particular, the micromechanism of deformation was investigated through instrumented tensile experiments (at a macro and micro scales) using of a non‐contact method known as digital image correlation. The objective of this paper is first to characterise global behaviour (Young modulus, tensile strength, and ultimate properties) and second to go further in local analysis. In particular, optical instrumentation enables estimation of strain profile distribution onto the sample in a constricted area. Statistical parameters extracted from these local profiles are promising tools to enhance mechanical properties in link with microstructural composition. Tensile tests confirm composite reinforcement at a low level of nanocomposite incorporation, and local analysis enables quantitative measurements of adding maleic anhydride in formulations. The results reveal that addition of maleic anhydride delays strain localisation in the necked area.
A multi‐colour/multi‐affinity marker set to visualize phosphoinositide dynamics in Arabidopsis
Authors: Simon Mathilde Laetitia Audrey , Platre Matthieu Pierre , Assil Sonia , van Wijk Ringo , Chen William Yawei , Chory Joanne , Dreux Marlène , Munnik Teun , Jaillais Yvon 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPhosphatidylinositolphosphates (PIPs) are phospholipids that contain a phosphorylated inositol head group. PIPs represent a minor fraction of total phospholipids, but are involved in many regulatory processes, such as cell signalling and intracellular trafficking. Membrane compartments are enriched or depleted in specific PIPs, providing a unique composition for these compartments and contributing to their identity. The precise subcellular localization and dynamics of most PIP species is not fully understood in plants. Here, we designed genetically encoded biosensors with distinct relative affinities and expressed them stably in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of this multi‐affinity ‘PIPline’ marker set revealed previously unrecognized localization of various PIPs in root epidermis. Notably, we found that PI(4,5)P2 is able to localize PIP2‐interacting protein domains to the plasma membrane in non‐stressed root epidermal cells. Our analysis further revealed that there is a gradient of PI4P, with the highest concentration at the plasma membrane, intermediate concentration in post‐Golgi/endosomal compartments, and the lowest concentration in the Golgi. Finally, we also found a similar gradient of PI3P from high in late endosomes to low in the tonoplast. Our library extends the range of available PIP biosensors, and will allow rapid progress in our understanding of PIP dynamics in plants.
Exploring the Arabidopsis sulfur metabolome
Authors: Gläser Katharina , Kanawati Basem , Kubo Tobias , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Grill Erwin 
Published: October 2013

SummarySulfur plays a crucial role in protein structure and function, redox status and plant biotic stress responses. However, our understanding of sulfur metabolism is limited to identified pathways. In this study, we used a high‐resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometric approach in combination with stable isotope labeling to describe the sulfur metabolome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Databases contain roughly 300 sulfur compounds assigned to Arabidopsis. In comparative analyses, we showed that the overlap of the expected sulfur metabolome and the mass spectrometric data was surprisingly low, and we were able to assign only 37 of the 300 predicted compounds. By contrast, we identified approximately 140 sulfur metabolites that have not been assigned to the databases to date. We used our method to characterize the γ‐glutamyl transferase mutant ggt4‐1, which is involved in the vacuolar breakdown of glutathione conjugates in detoxification reactions. Although xenobiotic substrates are well known, only a few endogenous substrates have been described. Among the specifically altered sulfur‐containing masses in the ggt4‐1 mutant, we characterized one endogenous glutathione conjugate and a number of further candidates for endogenous substrates. The small percentage of predicted compounds and the high proportion of unassigned sulfur compounds identified in this study emphasize the need to re‐evaluate our understanding of the sulfur metabolome.
Epidermal identity is maintained by cell–cell communication via a universally active feedback loop in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: San‐Bento Rita , Farcot Etienne , Galletti Roberta , Creff Audrey , Ingram Gwyneth 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe transcription factors ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM L1 (ATML1) and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2) are indispensable for epidermal cell‐fate specification in Arabidopsis embryos. However, the mechanisms of regulation of these genes, particularly their relationship with cell–cell signalling pathways, although the subject of considerable speculation, remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the receptor kinase ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (ACR4) positively affects the expression of ATML1 and PDF2 in seedlings. In contrast, ATML1‐ and PDF2‐containing complexes directly and negatively affect both their own expression and that of ACR4. By modelling the resulting feedback loop, we demonstrate a network structure that is capable of maintaining robust epidermal cell identity post‐germination. We show that a second seed‐specific signalling pathway involving the subtilase ABNORMAL LEAFSHAPE1 (ALE1) and the receptor kinases GASSHO1 (GSO1) and GASSHO2 (GSO2) acts in parallel to the epidermal loop to control embryonic surface formation via an ATML1/PDF2‐independent pathway. Genetic interactions between components of this linear pathway and the epidermal loop suggest that an intact embryo surface is necessary for initiation and/or stabilization of the epidermal loop, specifically during early embryogenesis.
White, brite, and brown adipocytes: the evolution and function of a heater organ in mammals
Authors: Li Yongguo , Lasar David , Fromme Tobias , Klingenspor Martin 
Published: October 2013

Brown fat is a specialized heater organ in eutherian mammals. In contrast to the energy storage function of white adipocytes, brown adipocytes dissipate nutrient energy by uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which depends on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). UCP1, as well as UCP2 and UCP3, belong to the family of mitochondrial carriers inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane for metabolite trafficking between the matrix and the intermembrane space. UCP1 transports protons into the mitochondrial matrix when activated by a rise in free fatty acid levels in the cell. This UCP1-dependant proton leak drives high oxygen consumption rates in the absence of ATP synthesis and dissipates proton motive force as heat. The enormous heating capacity of brown fat is supported by dense vascularization, high rates of tissue perfusion, and high mitochondrial density in brown adipocytes.It has been known for more than 50 years that nonshivering thermogenesis in brown fat serves to maintain body temperature of neonates and small mammals in cold environments, and is used by hibernators for arousal from torpor. It has been speculated that the development of brown fat as a new source for nonshivering thermogenesis provided mammals with a unique advantage for survival in the cold. Indeed brown fat and UCP1 is found in ancient groups of mammals, like the afrotherians and marsupials. In the latter, however, the thermogenic function of UCP1 and brown fat has not been demonstrated as of yet. Notably, orthologs of all three mammalian UCP genes are also present in the genomes of bony fishes and in amphibians. Molecular phylogeny reveals a striking increase in the substitution rate of UCP1 between marsupial and eutherian lineages. At present, it seems that UCP1 only gained thermogenic function in brown adipocytes of eutherian mammals, whereas the function of UCP1 and that of the other UCPs in ectotherms remains to be identified.Evolution of thermogenic function required expression of UCP1 in a brown-adipocyte-like cell equipped with high mitochondrial density embedded in a well-vascularized tissue. Brown-adipocyte-like cells in white adipose tissue, called “brite” (brown-in-white) or “beige” adipocytes, emerge during adipogenesis and in response to cold exposure in anatomically distinct adipose tissue depots of juvenile and adult rodents. These brite adipocytes may resemble the archetypical brown adipocyte in vertebrate evolution. It is therefore of interest to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of brite adipocyte differentiation, study the bioenergetic properties of these cells, and search for the presence of related brown-adipocyte-like cells in nonmammalian vertebrates.
Chapter 10 Stratigraphy and geological evolution of the Lipari volcanic complex (central Aeolian archipelago)
Authors: Forni F. , Lucchi F. , Peccerillo A. , Tranne C. A. , Rossi P. L. , Frezzotti M. L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The Lipari volcanic complex, situated in the central Aeolian sector, was constructed between
c.
267 ka and medieval ages by various lava flows, scoriaceous deposits, lava domes (coulees) and pyroclastic products related to hydromagmatic and strombolian activities. The eruptive history of Lipari is described by nine Epochs of activity interrupted by dormant periods, volcano-tectonic phases and episodes of terrace formation during the Last Interglacial. Several partially overlapping volcanic edifices were active through time, mostly under control of the NNW–SSE and north–south (minor east–west) regional tectonic trends. The latest eruptive events of M. Pilato and Rocche Rosse occurred from AD 776 to 1220. Lipari rocks range from calc-alkaline basaltic andesites to rhyolites, with silicic rocks dominating during the last 43 ka. There is a clear increase in K
2
O and incompatible elements with time, with distinct trends for mafic-intermediate and silicic rocks. Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios are highly variable. Petrographic and geochemical data suggest AFC (assimilation plus fractional crystallization) and mixing as the main magma evolution processes, with important effects of crustal anatexis, in the context of a polybaric feeding system.

DVD:

The 10 000 scale geological map of Lipari is included on the DVD in the printed book and can also be accessed online at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Memoir37-electronic
. Also included is a full geochemical data set for Lipari.
Chapter 4 Bathy-morphological setting of the Aeolian Islands
Authors: Romagnoli C. , Casalbore D. , Bortoluzzi G. , Bosman A. , Chiocci F. L. , D’Oriano F. , Gamberi F. , Ligi M. , Marani M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
An updated bathy-morphological setting of the Aeolian Islands is presented, based on new detailed bathymetric maps of the western, central and eastern sectors of the archipelago. In recent years, the acquisition of multibeam swath bathymetry has greatly expanded knowledge of the submarine portions of the Aeolian volcanic edifices, revealing that their submarine extension is much wider than that of the islands. Indications given by the submarine setting are fundamental for better understanding of the evolution of volcanism and the control exerted by main structural lineaments, as well as to locate large-scale flank instability events and recent submarine eruptive activity.

DVD:

Bathymetric maps of the eastern, central and western sectors are included on the DVD in the printed book and can also be accessed online at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Memoir37-electronic
Chapter 6 Regional stratigraphic correlations across the Aeolian archipelago (southern Italy)
Authors: Lucchi F. , Keller J. , Tranne C. A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

A regional framework for stratigraphic correlations in the Aeolian archipelago is provided by widespread tephra layers and Late Quaternary marine terrace deposits combined with the available radiometric ages. Several tephra layers of Campanian and Aeolian provenance extending back to
c.
110 ka are reported. The most important key-beds are the Ischia Tephra (56 ka), the Grey Porri Tuffs (70–67 ka) and Lower Pollara products (27.5 ka) from Salina, the M. Guardia pyroclastics from Lipari (27–24 ka) and the Brown Tuffs from Vulcano (
c.
70–8 ka). Late Quaternary marine terrace deposits are recognized along the coastal slopes of most of the Aeolian archipelago. They record distinct interglacial sea-level peaks during marine isotope stages (MIS) 5 and 7 in a context of prevalent long-term crustal uplift. Key erosional unconformities bounding the terrace deposits are the F
1
, U
I
, L
3
and U
II
(in stratigraphic order). They are the ravinement surfaces formed at the onset of MIS 7.3 (F
1
), MIS 5e (U
I
) and MIS 5c interglacial peaks (L
3
), and the subaerial unconformity formed during the MIS 5a sea-level fall up to the emplacement of Brown Tuffs (U
II
). These unconformities are important regional-scale markers for chronostratigraphic classification and correlation between distant islands of the Aeolian archipelago.
Chapter 8 Volcanism, magmatism, volcano-tectonics and sea-level fluctuations in the geological history of Filicudi (western Aeolian archipelago)
Authors: Lucchi F. , Santo A. P. , Tranne C. A. , Peccerillo A. , Keller J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The geological history of Filicudi in the Middle–Late Pleistocene (246–29 ka) is described by four successive Epochs of activity separated by quiescence stages, erosional episodes during marine isotope stage (MIS) 7 and MIS 5 and the Vallechiesa sector collapse. The partially overlapping Casa Ficarisi, Fossa Felci and Chiumento stratocones and the Monte Guardia scoria cone are built up under control of the WNW–ESE regional tectonic trend, with a subsequent progressive south-eastwards shift and chemical differentiation towards the Monte Terrione and Capo Graziano domes. The Monte Montagnola dome (64 ka) and Case dello Zucco Grande pyroclastics (<56 ka) are the youngest products, together with the Canna neck (29 ka) of an independent volcanic centre offshore of Filicudi. Filicudi rocks are calc-alkaline basalts, basaltic andesites and high-K andesites with minor dacites. Incompatible elements increase from basalts to dacites, with much scatter. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes show moderate variations. δ
18
O‰ of clinopyroxene phenocrysts ranges from +5.37 to +6.20, and shows the highest values in the mafic rocks. Geochemical data suggest a complex interplay of different evolution processes (fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation and mixing) for the various eruptive centres of Filicudi. Variable incompatible element ratios of mafic rocks are suggested to reflect source heterogeneity.

DVD:

The 10 000 scale geological map of Filicudi is included on the DVD in the printed book and can also be accessed online at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Memoir37-electronic
. Also included are a full geochemical dataset and xenolith data for Filicudi.
Chapter 9 Eruptive history and magmatic evolution of the island of Salina (central Aeolian archipelago)
Authors: Lucchi F. , Gertisser R. , Keller J. , Forni F. , De Astis G. , Tranne C. A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Stratigraphic, structural, volcanological and geochemical data allow a detailed reconstruction of the geological history of the island of Salina (central Aeolian sector). Its subaerial volcanism (
c.
244 ka to 15.6 ka) developed through six successive Eruptive Epochs interrupted by major quiescence periods, volcano-tectonic collapses and recurrent episodes of marine terrace formation during MIS 7 and MIS 5. Several stratovolcanoes were constructed by strombolian and effusive (Pizzo Capo, Monte Rivi, Monte Fossa delle Felci, Monte dei Porri) to hydromagmatic and subplinian (Monte dei Porri, Pollara) activity, with a general east–west shift of active vents, controlled primarily by the dominant NNW–SSE and minor NE–SW regional tectonic trends, and a progressive chemical differentiation of the erupted products from calc-alkaline basalts to rhyolites. The magma compositions and variations through time are the result of contamination of primary magmas derived from a subduction-modified mantle source with the Calabro–Peloritano lower crust and subsequent differentiation dominated by polybaric fractional crystallization. Magma mixing and mingling processes occurred during individual eruptions. The early basalts were fed from deep reservoirs located near the crust–mantle boundary, whereas the later andesitic to dacitic and, ultimately, rhyolitic magmas originated through combined assimilation and fractional crystallization processes in magma reservoirs at mid- to upper-crustal levels.

DVD:

The 10 000 scale geological map of Salina is included on the DVD in the printed book and can also be accessed online at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Memoir37-electronic
. Also included is a full geochemical dataset for Salina.
Uncertainty Estimates of the EOF-Derived North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Wang Yi-Hui , Magnusdottir Gudrun , Stern Hal , Tian Xu , Yu Yaming 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Different approaches to obtaining uncertainty estimates of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are explored. The resulting estimates are used to enhance the understanding of spatial variability of the NAO over different time periods. Among the parametric and nonparametric approaches investigated in this study, the bootstrap is nonparametric and not confined to the assumption of normally distributed data. It gives physically plausible uncertainty estimates. The NAO uncertainty estimates depend on sample sizes with greater sampling variability as sample size is smaller. The NAO uncertainty varies with time but common features include that the most uncertain values are centered between the centers of action of the NAO and are asymmetric in the zonal direction (more uncertainty in the eastward direction or downstream). The bootstrap can also be used to provide direct measures of uncertainty regarding the location of the NAO action centers. The uncertainty of the location of the NAO action centers not only helps assess the shift in the NAO but also provides evidence of more than two action centers. The methods reported on here could in principle be applied to any EOF-derived climate pattern.