bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure-Transient Characteristics of Hydraulically Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale-Gas Reservoirs With Natural- and Rejuvenated-Fracture Networks
Authors: Kim Tae Hong , Lee Kun Sang 
Published: July 2015

Summary
During the past few years, several studies have analyzed the pressure-transient responses of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells in shale-gas reservoirs. However, that research included simplified models that reflected natural and hydraulic fractures -only, unlike real shale reservoirs. To develop an accurate shale-gas model, this study considers the effects of rejuvenated fractures as well as natural and hydraulic fractures. Rejuvenated fractures, regarded as an important specificity in this paper, are revitalized natural fractures created by hydraulic fracturing. To analyze the pressure-transient characteristics and productivity of fractured horizontal wells in shale reservoirs, extensive numerical simulations have been conducted. This model considers the effects of natural- and rejuvenated-fracture permeability, matrix permeability, parameters of hydraulic fractures (e.g., width, height, and half-length), and the range of stimulated reservoir volume. Results show a clear distinction between existing models and the proposed model. In the proposed model, the boundary induced by the rejuvenated fractures generates pseudoboundary-dominated flow. This work expands our insight into the pressure-transient characteristics of a hydraulically fractured horizontal well in a shale-gas system.
Influence of Differing Microenvironments on Personal Carbon Monoxide Exposure in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Lim Shanon , Salmond Jennifer A. , Dirks Kim N. 
Published: July 2015

Epidemiological studies typically estimate pollutant exposures using data from outdoor fixed monitoring stations (FMS). However, due to individual mobility through space, time spent in indoor environments and the heterogeneity of the urban atmosphere, data from FMS provides a poor representation of the actual personal exposure to air pollutants. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative importance of time spent in common microenvironments
(such as commuter, home, work and recreational) to determine personal exposure to air pollution. The study also investigates the extent to which fixed monitoring stations (FMS) are representative of personal exposures. For this purpose, 17 participants monitored their personal exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) for a full working week and completed a time activity diary identifying the particular microenvironments in which they spent their time.
Overall, the participants exposure to CO were lower than those observed in other northern hemisphere cities reported upon in the literature. FMS located in central Auckland were found to provide reasonable estimates of mean daily personal exposure but were poorly correlated with diurnal variations in personal exposure. The results found that, while the highest mean exposures were recorded in the commuter microenvironment, the home microenvironment accounted for 55% of the total CO dose during the week. Increased levels of personal CO exposure were observed in indoor areas where gas heating, gas stoves and tobacco smoke were present. Participants recorded highly variable exposure to CO in
recreational microenvironments, in part explained by the wide range of recreational activities.
Resisted Side Stepping: The Effect of Posture on Hip Abductor Muscle Activation
Authors: Berry Justin W. , Lee Theresa S. , Foley Hanna D. , Lewis Cara L. 
Published: July 2015

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, repeated-measures design. Objectives To compare hip abductor muscle activity and hip and knee joint kinematics in the moving limb to the stance limb during resisted side stepping, and to determine whether muscle activity was affected by the posture (upright standing versus squat) used to perform the exercise. Background Hip abductor weakness has been associated with a variety of lower extremity injuries. Resisted side stepping is often used as an exercise to increase strength and endurance of the hip abductors. Exercise prescription would benefit from knowing the relative muscle activity level generated in each limb and for different postures during the side-stepping exercise. Methods Twenty-four healthy adults participated in this study. Kinematics and surface electromyographic data from the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia lata were collected as participants performed side stepping with a resistive band around the ankle, while maintaining each of 2 postures: (1) upright standing and (2) squat. Results Mean normalized electromyographic signal amplitude of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia lata was higher in the stance limb than in the moving limb (P≤.001). Gluteal muscle activity was higher, whereas tensor fascia lata muscle activity was lower, in the squat posture compared to the upright standing posture (P<.001). Hip abduction excursion was greater in the stance limb than in the moving limb (P<.001). Conclusion The 3 hip abductor muscles respond differently to the posture variations of the side-stepping exercise in healthy individuals. When prescribing resisted side-stepping exercises, therapists should consider the differences in hip abductor activation across limbs and variations in trunk posture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(9):675–682. Epub 10 Jul 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5888
Fabrication of β-Si3N4 whiskers by microwave sintering using ZrO2–Y2O3–Al2O3 as liquid phase
Authors: Sun Mengyong , Li Qinggang , Huang Shifeng , Cheng Xin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
β-Si3N4 whiskers with a diameter of 0.2 – 1.7 μm and length of over 100 μm were synthesized by means of microwave sintering at 1550 °C for 30 min in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. The β-Si3N4 whiskers grew on Si3N4 substrate without catalyst by the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. Microwave energy and Y2O3–Al2O3–ZrO2 additives played a significant role in the growth of β-Si3N4 whiskers. The microwave energy provided an orientation temperature gradient and the additives formed the low viscosity glass phase at a low eutectic temperature.
Preparation of Carbide-Free Bainitic Steels for EBSD Investigations
Authors: Hofer C. , Clemens H. , Primig S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Carbide-free bainitic steels are composed of bainitic ferrite laths, which are separated by films and larger islands of austenite, which is stabilized by carbon enrichment. Due to their multi-phase microstructure, the preparation of such steels for a characterization by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) represents a challenge. Attention must particularly be paid to prevent the transformation of the retained austenite to martensite during the preparation. This study compares the sample preparation by vibratory polishing using different suspensions to the electrolytic preparation. During vibratory polishing, it must be ensured that very little force is applied in order to prevent the metastable austenite from transforming. No influence of the different suspensions could be found. Electropolishing with a voltage of 40 V for 10 s at 23 °C is well suited for microstructural investigations. However, the surface relief is too pronounced for EBSD analyses. OP-U polishing for 15 min subsequent to electropolishing accomplishes the best results.
Quantitative tumor volumetric responses after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for meningiomas
Authors: Harrison Gillian , Kano Hideyuki , Lunsford L. Dade , Flickinger John C. , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: July 2015

OBJECT
The reported tumor control rates for meningiomas after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are high; however, early imaging assessment of tumor volumes may not accurately predict the eventual tumor response. The objective in this study was to quantitatively evaluate the volumetric responses of meningiomas after SRS and to determine whether early volume responses are predictive of longer-term tumor control.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of 252 patients (median age 56 years, range 14–87 years) who underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery between 2002 and 2010. All patients had evaluable pre- and postoperative T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRIs. The median baseline tumor volume was 3.5 cm3 (range 0.2–33.8 cm3) and the median follow-up was 19.5 months (range 0.1–104.6 months). Follow-up tumor volumes were compared with baseline volumes. Tumor volume percent change and the tumor volume rate of change were compared at 3-month intervals. Eventual tumor responses were classified as progressed for > 15% volume change, regressed for ≤ 15% change, and stable for ± 15% of baseline volume at time of last follow-up. Volumetric data were compared with the final tumor status by using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
Tumor volume regression (median decrease of −40.2%) was demonstrated in 168 (67%) patients, tumor stabilization (median change of −2.7%) in 67 (26%) patients, and delayed tumor progression (median increase of 104%) in 17 (7%) patients (p < 0.001). Tumors that eventually regressed had an average volume reduction of −18.2% at 3 months. Tumors that eventually progressed all demonstrated volume increase by 6 months. Transient progression was observed in 15 tumors before eventual decrease, and transient regression was noted in 6 tumors before eventual volume increase.

CONCLUSIONS
The volume response of meningiomas after SRS is dynamic, and early imaging estimations of the tumor volume may not correlate with the final tumor response. However, tumors that ultimately regressed tended to respond in the first 3 months, whereas tumors that ultimately progressed showed progression within 6 months.
Effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as propofol adjuvants on intra-operative hemodynamics and recovery profiles in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Anjum Naz , Tabish Hussain , Debdas Saha , Bani Hembrom P , Rajat Choudhuri , Anjana Basu Ghosh Dastidar 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Context: Alpha-2 (α2) adrenergic receptor agonists, clonidine and dexmedetomidine, are widely used as adjuvants during anesthesia for analgesic, sedative, sympatholytic, and cardiovascular stabilizing effects. Aims: We compared effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (as propofol adjuvants) on intra-operative hemodynamics, recovery time, and postoperative cognitive function impairment. Subjects and Methods: Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into three groups (n = 15). Group C patients received bolus of clonidine 3 μg/kg followed by a continuous infusion; Group D patients received dexemedetomidine 1 μg/kg and a continuous infusion; and Group P patients received a bolus of normal saline followed by an infusion. Intra-operative mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate (PR) were measured throughout the surgery. Bispectral index was maintained at 55 ΁ 5 by titrating propofol infusion rate. The time between the interruption of anesthesia and eye opening (recovery time) was measured. Cognitive function was assessed using short mental status questionnaire at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min postoperatively. Results: The sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and extubation on MAP and PR were significantly reduced with the use of clonidine and dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05). The recovery was delayed (P < 0.05) with both the drug combinations and it was more pronounced with dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine group showed cognitive impairment in a postoperative period lasting up to an hour. Conclusions: When co-administered with propofol, both clonidine, and dexmedetomidine attenuate sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and extubation but cause delay in the recovery from anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine causes impairment of postoperative cognitive functions.
Visceral adipose tissue influences on coronary artery calcification at young and middle-age groups using computed tomography angiography
Authors: Abazid Rami M , Kattea M Obadah , Sayed Sawsan , Saqqah Hanaa , Qintar Mohammed , Smettei Osama A 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of excessive visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcifications (CAC) in young and middle-age groups using multislice computed tomography. Methods: This study is a single center, cross-sectional study. Eligible patients (n = 159), who under the age of 61 years, with chest pain and mild to moderate probability to have coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled. Coronary calcium score and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) were measured at the level of the left main coronary artery while VAT was measured at the level of the iliac crest. Results: The average age was (48 ± 8 years). The mean VAT was (38 ± 21 cm 2 ) with no significant difference between men and women (38 ± 22 vs. 37 ± 19 P = 0.8) respectively. Student′s t-test analysis showed significantly higher VAT in patients with detectable CAC than patients with no CAC (48 ± 24 vs. 33 ± 18 P = 0.00002), respectively. Univariate regression analysis showed that VAT and EAT, are strong predictor for CAC (hazard ratio [HR] 1.034, 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.016-1.052]. P <0.001 and [HR] 1.344, 95% CI: [1.129-1.601] P = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: Excessive VAT is significantly associated with positive CAC. VAT can strongly predict subclinical CAD in individuals at young and middle-age groups.
The impact of a health IT changeover on Medical Imaging Department work processes and turnaround times
Authors: Georgiou A. , Lymer S. , Hordern A. , Ridley L. , Westbrook J. , Prgomet M. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectives: To assess the impact of introducing a new Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) and Radiology Information System (RIS) on: (i) Medical Imaging work processes; and (ii) turnaround times (TATs) for x-ray and CT scan orders initiated in the Emergency Department (ED).Methods: We employed a mixed method study design comprising: (i) semi-structured interviews with Medical Imaging Department staff; and (ii) retrospectively extracted ED data before (March/ April 2010) and after (March/April 2011 and 2012) the introduction of a new PACS/RIS. TATs were calculated as: processing TAT (median time from image ordering to examination) and reporting TAT (median time from examination to final report).Results: Reporting TAT for x-rays decreased significantly after introduction of the new PACS/RIS; from a median of 76 hours to 38 hours per order (p<.0001) for patients discharged from the ED, and from 84 hours to 35 hours (p<.0001) for patients admitted to hospital. Medical Imaging staff reported that the changeover to the new PACS/RIS led to gains in efficiency, particularly regarding the accessibility of images and patient-related information. Nevertheless, assimilation of the new PACS/RIS with existing Departmental work processes was considered inadequate and in some instances unsafe. Issues highlighted related to the synchronization of work tasks (e.g., porter arrangements) and the material set up of the work place (e.g., the number and location of computers).Conclusions: The introduction of new health IT can be a “double-edged sword” providing improved efficiency but at the same time introducing potential hazards affecting the effectiveness of the Medical Imaging Department.Citation: Georgiou A, Prgomet M, Lymer S, Hordern A, Ridley4 L, Westbrook J.The impact of a health IT changeover on Medical Imaging Department work processes and turnaround times: a mixed method study. Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6: 443–453http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2015-01-RA-0014
Thirty Years of Sense-Making: Richard Schacht's Nietzsche in Germany
Authors: Heit Helmut 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
In this article, I investigate the reception of Richard Schacht's Nietzsche in Germany. Despite the fact that his later work was widely acknowledged in Germany, his 1983 monograph did not receive much attention. I suggest that this is due in part to the significantly differing landscapes in the United States and in Germany during the 1980s and in part to different methodological approaches. Schacht's incentive to introduce Nietzsche to an analytically minded and generally quite hostile American audience by means of extracting his arguments, not the least through extensive use of The Will to Power, did not contribute much to the contemporary focus of the founders of Nietzsche-Studien, who aimed to establish a professionalized reconstructive Nietzsche-research based on the critical edition of Colli and Montinari. However, in my concluding remarks I argue that Schacht's balancing approach and his notion of discourse-relative truth might serve intercontinental dispute about Nietzsche better than some currently more striking alternatives.
On Richard Schacht's Nietzsche
Authors: Richardson John 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Schacht's 1983 book remains a valuable resource for thinking philosophically about Nietzsche. In this article, I examine the book's treatment of two fundamental interpretive issues regarding (respectively) how Nietzsche values, and what he values. I argue that Schacht misinterprets Nietzsche as a value realist, by failing to see that Nietzsche means his descriptive use of value to refer not to “so-called values,” but to genuine or full-fledged values. Moral values are just as much values as Nietzsche's own. And regarding Nietzsche's own values, I argue here for a different relation among the values of affirmation, power, and truth than the one Schacht attributes to them.
Genealogy and the Structure of Interpretation
Authors: Prescott-Couch Alexander 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
In this article, I consider how Nietzsche's history of morality in On the Genealogy of Morality is relevant to his critique of morality. I argue that, on Nietzsche's view, morality's history is a guide to whether and where we should expect to find coherence in our current moral practice. It helps us “structure our interpretation” of morality. History is relevant to critique because it reveals that morality is unlikely to have the kind of coherence required by many of its defenders. After defending this account of how Nietzsche's historical claims are relevant to his critique, I use the account to explain why Nietzsche's genealogy mixes fact and fiction.
Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte e o município de Altamira: processo de mudança social ou morfogênese?
Authors: Vidal Josep Pont 
Published: July 2015

A construção da mega Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte comporta impactos em toda a região do Xingu (estado do Pará). Este artigo descreve a primeira fase de observação realizada no município de Altamira durante o espaço temporal compreendido entre os anos de 2011 a 2013. Com base em uma perspectiva sociológica proveniente da teoria de sistemas sociais complexos, nesta fase, são observadas as transformações que estão ocorrendo no sistema administrativo do município, assim como os primeiros resultados da observação das dinâmicas de mudança e diferenciação. Esta observação é feita em dois níveis. O primeiro focaliza as políticas públicas como formas comunicativas, e o segundo, as estruturas que compõem o sistema político-administrativo.
« Les animaux obéissent aussi à la religion »
Authors: Crépeau Robert R. 
Published: July 2015

La récente Cambridge Declaration on Conciousness, de juillet 2012, qui affirme que les animaux sont dotés de conscience et de la capacité de comportements intentionnels, relance à nouveau la question : qu’est-ce que l’espèce humaine possède de spécifique ? Cette contribution explore la conception amérindienne de la condition animale en s’attardant à celle des Kaingang du Brésil, et plus particulièrement à leur concept de maîtres des animaux. La relation des humains au monde animal et végétal est pensée et agie par les Kaingang comme s’inscrivant dans une hiérarchie de puissances, plus précisément de confrontation et/ou de mise en commun des forces ou des puissances tant humaines que non-humaines par l’intermédiaire des entités-maîtres. Ce dernier concept est lié à une conception largement répandue dans les Amériques. L’article propose en conclusion une brève analyse comparative de ce concept à partir de quelques cas sud-américains.
L'exotisme et le fruit de l'imagination
Authors: Mariani Léo 
Published: July 2015

Il est ici question du durian, un fruit particulièrement prisé en Asie du Sud-Est mais dont l’odeur fait l’objet de descriptions pour le moins univoques de la part des Occidentaux (odeur de cadavre, odeur de putréfaction, etc.). Comme l’observe l’anthropologue Jacques Dournes, c’est un fait bien établi que le durian « partage l’humanité en deux ». Plutôt que d’expliquer cette différence, comme il est d’usage, par l’existence d’un « long apprentissage culturel », je m’attache à replacer dans cet article le-durian-qui-partage-l’humanité-en-deux dans le jeu beaucoup plus complexe de rapports tout à la fois culturels, sociaux, cognitifs et historiques qui le font advenir.
Impact of geolocations of validation data on the evaluation of surface incident shortwave radiation from Earth System Models
Authors: Ma Qian , Wang Kaicun , Wild Martin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGround‐based observations of surface incident solar radiation (Rs) have been used to evaluate simulations of global climate models. Existing studies have shown that biases in simulated clouds have a significant spatial pattern, which may be transferred to the simulated Rs. Therefore, the evaluation results of Rs simulations may depend on the locations of the ground‐based observations. In this study, Rs simulations of 48 models participating in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were first evaluated with ground‐based observations from different networks (446 stations in total) from 2000 to 2005. The global mean biases of the CMIP5 Rs simulations were found to vary from 4.8 to 11.9 W m−2 when Rs observations from different networks were used as reference data. To reduce the location impact on the evaluation results, CMIP5 simulated Rs was then evaluated with the latest satellite Rs retrieval at 1° × 1° spatial resolution by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System, Energy Balanced and Filled (CERES EBAF). It was found that the CMIP5 simulated multimodel mean Rs has a small bias of 2.6 W m−2 compared with CERES EBAF over the globe, 4.7 W m−2 and 1.7 W m−2 over land and oceans, respectively. CERES EBAF Rs was found to have a positive bias of 1.3 W m−2 compared with ground‐based observations. After removing this bias of CERES EBAF Rs, global mean Rs was estimated to be 185 W m−2.