bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detachment Activity but Not Cytotoxicity Induced in a T‐Cell Clone Following Antigen Presentation in the Presence of Thymic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kaneda Rika , Kasai Michiyuki , Itoh Yasushi , Iwabuchi Kazuya , Onoé Kazunori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe selective induction of effector functions of a T‐cell clone (DB14), specific to pigeon cytochrome c 43–58 (p 43–58) and restricted to I‐Ab, was analyzed using a professional antigen‐presenting cell, B hybridoma (Th 2.58), and various non‐professional antigen‐presenting cells (APC), L cells transfected with I‐Ab (I‐Ab L cells), a medullary thymic epithelial cell line (m‐TEC) and a cortical thymic epithelial cell line (c‐TEC). The m‐TEC and c‐TEC expressed I‐Ab upon induction with interferon γ (IFN‐γ). When stimulated with p 43–58 in the presence of I‐Ab L cells as well as Th 2.58 cells, the DB14 cells showed marked proliferation and, after 18 hr of culturing, exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the APC. By contrast, in the presence of m, c‐TEC, the DB14 cells showed neither proliferation nor cytotoxicity against these TEC but exhibited considerable detachment activity towards them. Furthermore, DB14 cells became expressed activation markers (CD69 or CD44) following stimulation with p 43–58 plus m‐TEC or c‐TEC. The addition of rIL‐2 to the culture of DB14 cells, p 43–58 and m‐TEC or c‐TEC, restored the proliferative responses. However, it was shown that anergy was not involved in the negligible proliferative responses of DB14 cells after stimulation with p 43–58 plus m, c‐TEC. The present findings indicate that differences in APC functions are present among non‐professional APC and suggest that the selective induction of T‐cell functions can be achieved using the appropriate non‐professional APC. The characteristic activation of T cells by TEC may be related to their functional roles in situ.
Antibiotic Treatment in Mice Infected with Japanese Borrelia garinii: Efficacy of Ceftriaxone for Eradicating the Infection Induced by Ixodes persulcatus Tick Bites
Authors: Konishi Tatsuya , Nakao Minoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe compared the efficacy of three antibiotics (ceftriaxone, erythromycin and clarithromycin) against Borrelia garinii infection in mice. The nymphal ticks of Ixodes persulcatus infected with the strain JEM6 of Japanese B. garinii were allowed to feed on female C3H mice. The mice were treated with each of the antibiotics for 5 consecutive days 1, 3, or 7 weeks after tick detachment. The doses of antibiotics per day were as follows: 5 mg intraperitoneal injection of ceftriaxone, 2 mg intraperitoneal injection of erythromycin and 1 mg peroral administration of clarithromycin. The infection status in treated mice was monitored by culturing their earlobes, hearts and urinary bladders in BSK II medium. Ceftriaxone eliminated borreliae completely; however, a recurrence of infection was observed in mice treated with erythromycin and clarithromycin.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with the eae Gene in Diarrhoeic Rabbits
Authors: Blanco Jesús E. , Blanco Miguel , Blanco Jorge , Mora Azucena , Balaguer Luis , Cuervo Luis , Balsalobre Carlos , Muñoa Francisco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA field study was carried out with the objective of investigating the prevalence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) with the eae gene in diarrhoeic rabbits. EPEC eae+ were isolated from 60 (74%) of 81 diarrhoeic rabbits sampled in 30 industrial fattening farms localized in the four provinces of Galicia (northwestern Spain). Attaching and effacing lesions were found in 44 of 50 animals processed for histology. The 111 E. coli strains identified belonged to 19 different O serogroups and 13 biotypes. However, 53 (48%) of the strains belonged to serogroup O103 and 36 (32%) showed the serobiotype O103:B14. The eae gene was significantly more frequent (100%; 47 of 47) among the highly pathogenic rhamnose‐negative strains of serobiotypes O103:B6 and O103:B14 than among the E. coli strains belonging to other serobiotypes (36%; 23 of 64) (P < 0.001). In this first report about the prevalence of EPEC with the eae gene in rabbits, we conclude that the class of E. coli strains observed is a common cause of diarrhoea in Galician rabbit farms, and that highly pathogenic rhamnose‐negative strains of serotype O103:K‐:H2 and biotype B14 are specially predominant.
Accelerated Progression of a Murine Retrovirus‐Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome In Fas Mutant C57BL/6/lpr/lpr Mice
Authors: Hiromatsu Kenji , Usami Jun , Aoki Yoshiyasu , Makino Masahiko , Yoshikai Yasunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe reported previously that CD4+ T cells and B cells in mice with retrovirus‐induced murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) caused by LP‐BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) mixtures increased the expression of Fas antigen (Fas) during progression of the disease. However, the contribution of the Fas/Fas ligand (Fas L) system to the pathogenesis of MAIDS remained unknown. Here, we examined the susceptibility of C57BL/6 (B6) lpr/lpr mice, which has been reported to be defective for the expression of Fas, to MAIDS. We found that the Thy 1.2− CD4 T cells and IgK dull B220+ cells, which are characteristic of MAIDS, increased after the inoculation of LP‐BM5 MuLV in B6 lpr/lpr mice. B22+ TCR αβ T cells, unique to lupus prone mice, also increased in the B6 lpr/lpr mice after infection. CD4+ B220+ TCR αβ T cells increased profoundly among the B220+ TCR αβ T cells from LP‐BM5 MuLV‐infected B6 lpr/lpr mice, while the B220+ TCR αβ T cells observed in non‐infected B6 lpr/lpr mice were largely of the CD4− CD8− phenotype. A DNA PCR analysis of the LP‐BM5 MuLV‐infected B6 lpr/lpr mice revealed the genome integration of defective LP‐BM5 virus, further confirming that MAIDS is inducible to B6 lpr/lpr mice. LP‐BM5 MuLV‐infected lpr/lpr mice died within 3 months, while MAIDS‐infected B6 +/+ mice usually died within 5 to 6 months, and B6 lpr/lpr mice not infected with LP‐BM5 MuLV lived more than 6 months. Taken together, these results suggest that MAIDS is inducible independently with functional Fas expression and the possibility of accelerated progression of murine AIDS and lpr‐associated autoimmune disease in B6 lpr/lpr mice infected with LP‐BM5 MuLV.
Antigenic and Genetic Variations among Japanese Encephalitis Virus Strains Belonging to Genotype 1
Authors: Ali Ayub , Igarashi Akira 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHyperimmune antisera against four Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus strains, ThCMAr4492 and ThCMAr6793 from Thailand and Nakayama and JaGAr01 from Japan, were used to analyze the antigenic relationships among 12 Thai strains belonging to genotype 1, and two Japanese strains and one Chinese strain belonging to genotype 3. The antiserum for ThCMAr6793 significantly neutralized nine of the 12 Thai strains, none of which was significantly neutralized by antisera for the Nakayama and JaGAr01 strains. The antiserum for ThCMAr4492 neutralized only its homologous strain; therefore, ThCMAr4492 was antigenically different from all other strains. Two Thai strains (Subin and KE‐093/83) were significantly less neutralized by all four of the antisera tested. In the deduced amino‐acid sequence of the E protein, the 12 Thai strains revealed 100 to 98.2% identity among them and 90.0 to 98.8% identity with the published strains, respectively. Among significant amino‐acid substitutions, three residues at positions E‐222, E‐327 and E‐366 were shared by all of the Thai strains, whereas residues at E‐89, E‐123, E‐131, E‐178, E‐293, E‐351 and E‐373 seemed to be strain‐specific. The amino acids at positions E‐178, E‐327, E‐351, E‐373 and E‐366 are found either in the peptides with functional T‐helper cell epitopes or in the ectodomain of the E protein of other flaviviruses. These amino acids may therefore be responsible for determining the antigenic heterogeneity of these strains.
Recombinant Interleukin‐1 Promotes Leishmaniasis in Susceptible Mice
Authors: Ajdary Soheila , Hosseini Mohammad Hossein , Alimohammadian Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInterleukin‐1 exacerbates leishmanial lesions in Leishmania major‐infected BALB/c mice. Indomethacin can modulate the effect of IL‐1, so at least part of the IL‐1 effect on disease progression is due to the induction of prostaglandin synthesis.
Synovial Mononuclear Cells Consist with T Cells Which Produce High Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor α
Authors: Akatsuka Hidenobu , Okubo Mitsuo , Ishida Hironori , Chiba Katsumi , Imanishi Kenichi , Uchiyama Takehiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Kasukawa Reiji , Nishimaki Tomoe 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo determine whether synovial mononuclear cells include a population of tumor necrosis factor α‐produeing T cells, we measured tumor necrosis α levels in culture supernatants of synovial mononuclear cells by ELISA and analyzed tumor necrosis α mRNA‐positive cell frequencies. There were no significant differences in the spontaneous levels of TNF α between synovial mononuclear cells and peripheral mononuclear cells. The frequency of tumor necrosis factor α mRNA‐positive cells in synovial mononuclear cells was higher than that of peripheral mononuclear cells. When stimulated with a superantigen, mononuclear cells from the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients showed higher levels of tumor necrosis factor α production (1,035 ± 817 pg/ml) than did mononuclear cells from their peripheral blood (236 ± 180 pg/ml). In addition, we observed that a few T cell clones were resistant to superantigenic restimulation in vitro. We conclude that when these types of T cells persist in the synovium, they play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis via a mechanism involving tumor necrosis factor α production.
Antibodies Are Generated during Infection to Coxiella burnetii Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator Protein (Cb‐Mip)
Authors: Seshu J. , McLvor Keith L. , Mallavia Louis P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAntisera from rabbits immunized with formalin inactivated Coxiella burnetii isolates associated with either acute (Nine Mile, phase I or phase II) or chronic (Priscilla) Q fever showed reactivity to a C. burnetii macrophage infectivity potentiator protein (Cb‐Mip) cloned in Escherichia coli. Further, antisera generated in BALB/c mice after infection with live Nine Mile phase I or Priscilla isolates also showed reactivity to Cb‐Mip by immunoblot analysis. In addition, human serum from an individual with previous serological and clinical evidence of Q fever showed reactivity to Cb‐Mip. This study indicates that Cb‐Mip is immunogenic in both experimental and natural infections, and is the first report on the presence of antibodies to Mip/Mip‐like proteins of intracellular bacteria in human sera. Cb‐Mip may serve as a potential target antigen for developing recombinant vaccines or diagnostic assays for Q fever.
Serological Indicators of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Adult Dyspeptic Patients and Healthy Blood Donors
Authors: Rechciński Tomasz , Chmiela Magdalena , Matecka‐Panas Ewa , Płaneta‐Małsecka Izabela , Rudnicka Wiesława 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe levels of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies reacting with two Helicobacter pylori antigens (glycine acid extract (GE) and a recombinant CagA protein) were determined in the sera from adult dyspeptic patients, positive (H.p.(+)) or negative (H.p.(‐)) for H. pylori urease/culture, and from healthy blood donors. All sera were also examined against GE by Western blot (immunoblot) technique. Similar levels of anti‐GE IgG were detected in the sera from all H.p.(+) and almost all H.p.(‐) patients and from over 40% of the healthy volunteers. In contrast, higher levels of anti‐GE IgA were found in the sera from patients than that from healthy subjects, although such antibodies were not detected in the sera from 30% of the H.p.(+) patients. In general, our results suggest that a combination of ELISA and immunoblot may be more sensitive in the detection of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients than the examination of biopsy specimens by culturing or histology.
Ultrastructural Alterations of Candida albicans Induced by a New Imidazole Antimycotic Omoconazole Nitrate
Authors: Nishiyama Yayoi , Itoyama Toshio , Yamaguchi Hideyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe antifungal effects of an imidazole‐antimyeotic omoconazole nitrate (OMZ) on the morphology and ultrastructure of Candida albicans yeast cells were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The treatment of growing Candida cultures with fungistatic doses (0.4 to 4 μg/ml) of OMZ produced the formation of a chain or cluster of cells. Thickening of the cell wall and accumulation of electron‐dense vesicles in the wall were clearly observed. Development of Golgi‐like complex membranous structures in the cytoplasm was the most prominent finding. The cytological alteration induced by exposure to a higher concentration (40 μg/ml) of the drug was characterized by disruption of the intracytoplasmic organelles. Our results confirm the strong antifungal activity of OMZ against fungal cells.
Unification of the Genera Serpulina and Brachyspira, and Proposals of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Comb. Nov., Brachyspira innocens Comb. Nov. and Brachyspira pilosicoli Comb. Nov.
Authors: Ochiai Sachiyo , Adachi Yoshikazu , Mori Katsumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe phylogenetic positions of Serpulina hyodysenteriae, Serpulina innocens, Serpulina pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi were studied. Complete 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of these three species and B. aalborgi revealed that their 16S rDNA sequences were related more than 96.0%. The mol% guanine plus cytosine (G + C) of B. aalborgi DNA was 27.1, and was similar to those of the 3 members of the genus Serpulina. The homologous rates using 32P‐labeled B. aalborgi chromosome DNA in DNA‐DNA reassociation tests were 22.0% to S. hyodysenteriae, 19.1% to S. innocens and 17.2% to S. pilosicoli. Therefore, we propose to transfer the three species of the genus Serpulina to the genus Brachyspira. Descriptions of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae comb. nov., Brachyspira innocens comb. nov. and Brachyspira pilosicoli comb. nov., and an emended description of B. aalborgi are given. Phenotypic characteristics of the 4 members of the genus Brachyspira were also studied. They fermented fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, man‐nose, raffinose and trehalose; however, B. aalborgi did not ferment raffinose. All of them hydrolyzed esculin but did not produce indole except for B. hyodysenteriae. The protein profile of B. aalborgi was different from those of the four strains of B. hyodysenteriae, B. innocens and B. pilosicoli, but the heavy bands with molecular sizes of 49.4 and 52.3 kDa of B. aalborgi were quite similar to those of B. innocens in the points of quantity and molecular size. In immunoblotting tests, B. aalborgi reacted well with anti‐B. innocens and B. pilosicoli sera, but reacted weakly with anti‐B. hyodysenteriae serum. Only one heavy band and several faint bands were revealed by the reaction between B. aalborgi and anti‐B. hyodysenteriae serum, and the heavy band was common among these strains.
Prevalence of Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Patients with Scrub Typhus in Miyazaki Prefecture
Authors: Horinouchi Hisato , Murai Koichi , Okayama Akihiko , Nagatomo Yasuhiro , Tachibana Nobuyoshi , Tsubouchi Hirohito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in patients with scrub typhus in Miyazaki Prefecture were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Specific patterns for genotypes Irie, Hirano, Tazume and Yoshimura were detected in 26, 6, 5 and 2 of 39 DNA samples obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively. DNA sequences of the PCR products from the Tazume strain were genetically very close to the Hirano strain and the Yoshimura strain was also very close to the Karp strain. Furthermore, the DNA sequences from the Irie and Tazume strains were completely homologous to the reported sequences of the Kawasaki and Kuroki strains, respectively.
Production of Monoclonal Antibody Discriminating Serological Difference in Escherichia coli O9 and O9a Polysaccharides
Authors: Kido Nobuo , Morooka Naoki , Paeng Noriko , Ohtani Taizo , Kobayashi Hidemitsu , Shibata Nobuyuki , Okawa Yoshio , Suzuki Shigeo , Sugiyama Tsuyoshi , Yokochi Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (mAb) with a unique antigenic specificity against Escherichia coli O9 was produced. The O9a mAb was reactive with a part of the strains in E. coli O9. The O9a mAb did not react with LPS from the E. coli O9 test strain Bi316‐42. The distribution of the antigen defined by the O9a mAb in E. coli O9 was consistent with that of E. coli O9a present in E. coli O9 strains. The chemical structure of the repeating unit of the O‐specific polysaccharide detected by the mAb was demonstrated to be a mannotetraose by two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was confirmed that the mAb recognized E. coli O9a serotype in E. coli O9 serotype strains, suggesting that E. coli O9a serotype might be a dominant strain in E. coli O9.
Effect of Arginine on Toxin Production by Clostridium difficile in Defined Medium
Authors: Karasawa Tadahiro , Maegawa Tsuneo , Nojiri Takashi , Yamakawa Kiyotaka , Nakamura Shinichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwenty strains of Clostridium difficile were examined for the effect of arginine on toxin production in a defined medium. In three strains, the production of toxins A and B was greatly enhanced in the absence of arginine. These strains showed distinctively poorer growth in the absence of arginine in comparison with the remaining 17 strains, indicating that the presence of arginine is required for good growth among the three strains. From the present results, test strains were divided into two groups: a group in which arginine insufficiency caused distinctly poor growth and enhanced toxin production, and another group in which there was neither distinctly poor growth nor enhanced toxin production. The phenomenon is discussed in relation to the biosynthesis and catabolism of arginine.
Stability of C3 Convertase in the Rat Classical Complement Pathway
Authors: Naito Akihiro , Okada Hidechika 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt has been reported that rat serum complement causes efficient hemolysis of antibody‐sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) at 20 C but not at 37 C. In connection with this, we demonstrated that C3 convertase of rat complement was significantly unstable at 37 C using purified components of rat complement.
Involvement of Ca2+ ‐Calmodulin‐Dependent Protein Kinase II in the Intestinal Secretory Action of Escherichia coli Heat‐Stable Enterotoxin II
Authors: Fujii Yoshio , Nomura Tomohiko , Yamanaka Hiroyasu , Okamoto Keinosuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTreating the mouse intestine with the calmodulin antagonist W‐7 and KN‐93, an inhibitor of Ca2+ ‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), reduced the sensitivity of the host to the action of Escherichia coli heat‐stable enterotoxin II (STII). CaMK II activity in mouse intestinal cells increased after exposure to STII. These results indicate that CaMK II is involved in the mechanism of action of STII.
Genetic Analysis of the Capsid Region of Human Astrovirus Serotype 3 Isolated in Japan
Authors: Kakizawa Junko , Ushijima Hiroshi , Wen Leying , Ikeda Yusei , Oseto Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe total capsid region of astrovirus serotype 3 was analyzed using five isolates including four from Japan and one from the United Kingdom. The nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences in the region were homologous (over 97%). However, the sequences of serotype 3 were different from those of serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8, especially in the C terminus.
Deletion in the Genes Encoding Outer Surface Proteins OspA and OspB of Borrelia garinii Isolated from Patients in Japan
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Masuzawa Toshiyuki , Li Muqing , Yanagihara Yasutake 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe detected the expression of outer surface proteins OspA and OspB, and characterized the genes encoding the two Osps of eight Borrelia garinii isolates from patients in Japan. Six of the eight strains shared a common antigenic epitope in their OspA and/or OspB proteins to monoclonal antibody P3134 against OspB, and were identified to have a conserved carboxyl terminus on their ospA and ospB genes by Southern blot hybridization. One strain, JEM4, did not express OspB protein, which was due to lack of the ospB gene. Gene cloning and sequencing analysis revealed that it had only one osp open reading frame with 819 nucleotides, which was similar to the ospA gene. The deletion of the ospB gene could be explained by a homologous recombination based on the common C‐terminal sequences on the ospAB operon.
Role of Curdlan Sulfate in the Binding of HIV‐1 gp120 to CD4 Molecules and the Production of gp120‐Mediated TNF‐α
Authors: Takeda‐Hirokawa Nanako , Neoh Lian‐pin , Akimoto Hiroaki , Kaneko Hiroshi , Hishikawa Takashi , Sekigawa Iwao , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Hirose Shun‐ichi , Murakami Tsutomu , Yamamoto Naoki , Mimura Tohru , Kaneko Yutaro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo clarify the mechanism by which curdlan sulfate (CRDS) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 infection, we examined its influence on the binding of gp120 to CD4 molecules on T cells and macrophages, as well as on the production of TNF‐α by gp120‐stimulated macrophages (which promotes HIV‐1 replication). CRDS treatment of cells not only inhibited the binding of HIV‐1 gp120 to CD4+ cells, but also inhibited TNF‐α production induced by gp120. Inhibition of HIV‐1 infection by CRDS may be related to these two actions.
Modification of Delivery System Enhances MHC Nonrestricted Immunogenicity of V3 Loop Region of HIV‐1 gp120
Authors: Ahluwalia Amrita , Gokulan Kuppan , Nath Indira , Rao D. Nageswara 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA successful peptide vaccine for AIDS is desired to elicit T‐helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses besides neutralizing antibodies. The V3 loop peptide of HIV‐1 has been shown to contain the principal neutralizing domain, one of the most immunodominant regions, having both B‐cell and T‐cell determinants. In this study, the tip of the V3 loop region was mutated from GPGR to GPGQ based on the sequence of Indian isolates (CKRKIHIGPGQAFYT). To further enhance the immunogenicity of this epitope, two delivery systems of immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) and liposomes were used to incorporate the peptide. Mice of differing haplotypes, H‐2b, H‐2d, H‐2k and H‐2S, showed no MHC restriction when immunized with these formulations. The IgG levels as assessed by ELISA were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05 to P< 0.001) for even five‐fold lower doses of the peptide in ISCOMs and liposomes as compared to the conventional alum‐based preparation. The major subtype elicited was IgG2a/IgG2b, suggestive of a Th1‐like response for all the formulations. Thus, it would appear that the same peptide incorporated in ISCOMs and liposomes selects a Th1 response and may therefore be important not only for neutralization but also for virus clearance.