bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new regulatory mechanism for bacterial lipoic acid synthesis
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Luo Qixia , Gao Haichun , Feng Youjun 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLipoic acid, an essential enzyme cofactor, is required in three domains of life. In the past 60 years since its discovery, most of the pathway for lipoic acid synthesis and metabolism has been elucidated. However, genetic control of lipoic acid synthesis remains unclear. Here, we report integrative evidence that bacterial cAMP‐dependent signaling is linked to lipoic acid synthesis in Shewanella species, the certain of unique marine‐borne bacteria with special ability of metal reduction. Physiological requirement of protein lipoylation in γ‐proteobacteria including Shewanella oneidensis was detected using Western blotting with rabbit anti‐lipoyl protein primary antibody. The two genes (lipB and lipA) encoding lipoic acid synthesis pathway were proved to be organized into an operon lipBA in Shewanella, and the promoter was mapped. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that the putative CRP‐recognizable site (AAGTGTGATCTATCTTACATTT) binds to cAMP‐CRP protein with origins of both Escherichia coli and Shewanella. The native lipBA promoter of Shewanella was fused to a LacZ reporter gene to create a chromosome lipBA‐lacZ transcriptional fusion in E. coli and S. oneidensis, allowing us to directly assay its expression level by β‐galactosidase activity. As anticipated, the removal of E. coli crp gene gave above fourfold increment of lipBA promoter‐driven β‐gal expression. The similar scenario was confirmed by both the real‐time quantitative PCR and the LacZ transcriptional fusion in the crp mutant of Shewanella. Furthermore, the glucose effect on the lipBA expression of Shewanella was evaluated in the alternative microorganism E. coli. As anticipated, an addition of glucose into media effectively induces the transcriptional level of Shewanella lipBA in that the lowered cAMP level relieves the repression of lipBA by cAMP‐CRP complex. Therefore, our finding might represent a first paradigm mechanism for genetic control of bacterial lipoic acid synthesis.
Effects of a 2‐year behavioral weight loss intervention on sleep and mood in obese individuals treated in primary care practice
Authors: Alfaris Nasreen , Wadden Thomas A. , Sarwer David B , Diwald Lisa , Volger Sheri , Hong Patricia , Baxely Amber , Minnick Alyssa M. , Vetter Marion L. , Berkowitz Robert I. , Chittams Jesse 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of weight loss on sleep duration, sleep quality, and mood in 390 obese men and women who received one of three behavioral weight loss interventions in the Practice‐based Opportunities for Weight Reduction trial at the University of Pennsylvania (POWER‐UP).MethodsSleep duration and quality were assessed at baseline and months 6 and 24 by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and mood by the Patient Health Questionnaire‐8 (PHQ‐8). Changes in sleep and mood were examined according to treatment group and based on participants' having lost ≥5% of initial weight vs. <5%.ResultsThere were few significant differences between treatment groups in changes in sleep or mood. At month 6, however, mean (±SD) min of sleep increased significantly more in participants who lost ≥5% vs. <5% (21.6 ± 7.2 vs. 1.2 ± 6.0 min, P = 0.0031). PSQI total scores similarly improved (declined) more in those who lost ≥5% vs. <5% (−1.2 ± 0.2 vs. −0.4 ± 0.2, P < 0.001), as did PHQ‐8 scores (−2.5 ± 0.4 vs. −0.1 ± 0.3, P < 0.0001). At month 24, only the differences in mood remained statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionLosing ≥5% of initial weight was associated with short‐term improvements in sleep duration and sleep quality, as well as favorable short‐ and long‐term changes in mood.
Posttraumatic growth, depression and anxiety in head and neck cancer patients: examining their patterns and correlations in a prospective study
Authors: Leong Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman , Nik Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei , Zakaria Hazli , Rajandram Rama Krsna , Mahadevan Raynuha , Mohamad Yunus Mohd Razif , Shah Shamsul Azhar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundPositive and negative psychological reactions have been described in head and neck cancer patients. Nevertheless, the relationships between these responses across time need to be studied to understand the patients' strengths and vulnerabilities.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine the changes in posttraumatic growth (PTG), depression and anxiety longitudinally and the correlations between PTG and depression and anxiety in head and neck cancer patients.MethodsA prospective study was conducted on 60 head and neck cancer patients within a year of diagnosis recruited from an oncology referral centre in Malaysia with 50 patients completing the study. The PTG Inventory–Short Form (PTGI‐SF) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used at baseline and at 6 months follow‐up.ResultsThere were significant reductions in the scores of PTGI‐SF (mean difference = −5.5, p = 0.014), HADS (Depression) (mean difference = −2.0, p < 0.05) and HADS (Anxiety) (mean difference = −2.0, p < 0.05) from baseline to follow‐up. However, their correlations were not significant. HADS (Depression) score at baseline showed weak inverse correlation with PTGI‐SF score (rho = −0.147, p = 0.309), whereas PTGI‐SF score had weak positive correlations with HADS (Anxiety) at baseline (rho = 0.261, p = 0.067), HADS (Depression) at follow‐up (rho = 0.083, p = 0.566) and HADS (Anxiety) at follow‐up (rho = 0.111, p = 0.445). HADS scores also did not predict total PTGI‐SF score longitudinally.ConclusionThere were reductions in PTG, depression and anxiety within a year of cancer diagnosis and 6 months later with no significant correlations between PTG with depression and anxiety. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperspectral microscopy as an analytical tool for nanomaterials
Authors: Roth Gary A. , Tahiliani Sahil , Neu‐Baker Nicole M. , Brenner Sara A. 
Published: January 2015

Hyperspectral microscopy is an advanced visualization technique that combines hyperspectral imaging with state‐of‐the‐art optics and computer software to enable the rapid identification of materials at the micro‐ and nanoscales. Achieving this level of resolution has traditionally required time‐consuming and costly electron microscopy techniques. While hyperspectral microscopy has already been applied to the analysis of bulk materials and biologicals, it shows extraordinary promise as an analytical tool to locate individual nanoparticles and aggregates in complex samples through rapid optical and spectroscopic identification. This technique can be used to not only screen for the presence of nanomaterials, but also to locate, identify, and characterize them. It could also be used to identify a subset of samples that would then move on for further analysis via other advanced metrology. This review will describe the science and origins of hyperspectral microscopy, examine current and emerging applications in life science, and examine potential applications of this technology that could improve research efficiency or lead to novel discoveries. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:565–579. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1330This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Copper(I) Phenylselenolate Complexes Stabilized by N, N′‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Cabral Bruno N. , Zawatski Luana E. , Abram Ulrich , Lang Ernesto S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe reaction of sodium phenylselenolate and copper(I) chloride generates in situ a “CuSePh” species, which can be stabilized by N, N′‐donor ligands such as bpy (2, 2′‐bipyridine) or phen (1, 10‐phenanthroline) in order to generate compounds with μ2‐SePh– or μ3‐SePh– groups connecting the copper atoms. The intermediate stabilization of mononuclear “CuSePh” building blocks by the coordination N, N′‐donor ligands prevents from the rapid formation of less soluble polymers and gives access to three new compounds, [{Cu2(bpy)2(μ3‐SePh)}{CuCl2}2]2, [{Cu4(phen)3(μ2‐SePh)(μ3‐SePh)}2(μ2‐Cl)2] (CuCl2)2·2(PhSe)2, and [Cu6(bpy)2(μ2‐SePh)2(μ3‐SePh)4]·(THF).
Biodiversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) in Southern Europe and Macaronesia
Authors: Jaklitsch W.M. , Voglmayr H. 
Published: January 2015

The first large-scale survey of sexual and asexual Trichoderma morphs collected from plant and fungal materials conducted in Southern Europe and Macaronesia including a few collections from French islands east of Africa yielded more than 650 specimens identified to the species
level. Routine sequencing of tef1 revealed a genetic variation among these isolates that exceeds previous experience and ca. 90 species were recognized, of which 74 are named and 17 species newly described. Aphysiostroma stercorarium is combined in Trichoderma.
For the first time a sexual morph is described for T. hamatum. The hitherto most complete phylogenetic tree is presented for the entire genus Trichoderma, based on rpb2 sequences. For the first time also a genus-wide phylogenetic tree based on acl1 sequences
is shown. Detailed phylogenetic analyses using tef1 sequences are presented in four separate trees representing major clades of Trichoderma. Discussions involve species composition of clades and ecological and biogeographic considerations including distribution of species.
The role of work group context and information seeking in newcomer socialization: An interactionist perspective
Authors: Zou Wen-Chi , Tian Qing , Liu Jia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study examined how information seeking and proximal adjustment outcomes (role clarity and social integration) mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and distal adjustment outcome (affective organizational commitment) in work group context. The results of hierarchical linear modeling involving 212 newcomers and their 53 immediate supervisors revealed that information seeking mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and proximal adjustment outcomes. These in turn were positively related to distal adjustment outcome. Furthermore, work group structure was found to moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and newcomer information seeking.
Glucose metabolism and gene expression in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) challenged with a high carbohydrate diet: effects of an acute glucose stimulus during late embryonic life
Authors: Rocha Filipa , Dias Jorge , Engrola Sofia , Gavaia Paulo , Geurden Inge , Dinis Maria Teresa , Panserat Stephane 
Published: January 2015

Knowledge on the role of early nutritional stimuli as triggers of metabolic pathways in fish is extremely scarce. The objective of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of glucose injection in the yolk (early stimulus) on carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation in zebrafish juveniles challenged with a high-carbohydrate low-protein (HC) diet. Eggs were microinjected at 1 d post-fertilisation (dpf) with either glucose (2 m) or saline solutions. Up to 25 dpf, fish were fed a low-carbohydrate high-protein (LC) control diet, which was followed by a challenge with the HC diet. Survival and growth of 35 dpf juveniles were not affected by injection or the HC diet. Glucose stimulus induced some long-term metabolic changes in the juveniles, as shown by the altered expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. On glycolysis, the expression levels of hexokinase 1 (HK1) and phosphofructokinase-6 (6PFK) were up-regulated in the visceral and muscle tissues, respectively, of juveniles exposed to the glucose stimulus, indicating a possible improvement in glucose oxidation. On gluconeogenesis, the inhibition of the expression levels ofPEPCKin fish injected with glucose suggested lower production of hepatic glucose. Unexpectedly, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) expression was induced and6PFKexpression reduced by glucose stimulus, leaving the possibility of a specific regulation of the FBP–6PFK metabolic cycle. Glucose metabolism in juveniles was estimated using a [14C]glucose tracer; fish previously exposed to the stimulus showed lower retention of [14C]glucose in visceral tissue (but not in muscle tissue) and, accordingly, higher glucose catabolism, in comparison with the saline group. Globally, our data suggest that glucose stimulus at embryo stage has the potential to alter particular steps of glucose metabolism in zebrafish juveniles.
Early weaning by maternal prolactin inhibition leads to higher neuropeptide Y and astrogliosis in the hypothalamus of the adult rat offspring
Authors: Younes-Rapozo Viviane , Moura Egberto G. , Manhães Alex C. , Peixoto-Silva Nayara , de Oliveira Elaine , Lisboa Patricia C. 
Published: January 2015

The suppression of prolactin production with bromocriptine (BRO) in the last 3 d of lactation reduces milk yield (early weaning) and increases the transfer of leptin through the milk, causing hyperleptinaemia in pups. In adulthood, several changes occur in the offspring as a result of metabolic programming, including overweight, higher visceral fat mass, hypothyroidism, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, hyperleptinaemia and central leptin resistance. In the present study, we investigated whether overweight rats programmed by early weaning with maternal BRO treatment have hypothalamic alterations in adulthood. We analysed the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) by immunohistochemistry in the following hypothalamic nuclei: medial and lateral arcuate nucleus (ARC); paraventricular nucleus (PVN); lateral hypothalamus (LH). Additionally, we sought to determine whether these programmed rats exhibited hypothalamic inflammation as indicated by astrogliosis. NPY immunostaining showed a denser NPY-positive fibre network in the ARC and PVN (+82 % in both nuclei) of BRO offspring. Regarding the anorexigenic neuropeptides, no difference was found for CART, POMC and α-MSH. The number of astrocytes was higher in all the nuclei of BRO rats. The fibre density of glial fibrillary acidic protein was also increased in both medial and lateral ARC (6·06-fold increase and 9·13-fold increase, respectively), PVN (5·75-fold increase) and LH (2·68-fold increase) of BRO rats. We suggest that early weaning has a long-term effect on the expression of NPY as a consequence of developmental plasticity, and the presence of astrogliosis indicates hypothalamic inflammation that is closely related to overweight and hyperleptinaemia observed in our model.
Humoral immunocompetence shifts in response to developmental stage change and mating access in Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Shi Z. , Lin Y. , Hou Y. , Zhang H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBecause immune defenses are often costly employed, insect immunocompetence cannot be always maintained at its maximum level. Here, the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), was used as a study object to investigate how its immune defenses varied with the developmental stage change and mating access. Our data indicated that both phenoloxidase (PO) activity and antibacterial activity significantly increased from new larvae to pupae but decreased in adults after emergence. Furthermore, both the PO activity and antibacterial activity in the hemolymph of copulated male and female adults were dramatically higher than that of virgin male and female ones, respectively. It provided the evidence that copulation could increase the magnitude of immune defense in hemolymph of B. dorsalis. Together, these results suggest that B. dorsalis possess a flexible investment strategy in immunity to meet its specific needs based on the endo- and exogenous factors, such as their distinct food source and living environments.
Opportunistic behaviour or desperate measure? Logging impacts may only partially explain terrestriality in the Bornean orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus morio
Authors: Loken Brent , Boer Chandradewana , Kasyanto Nunuk 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThere is a lack of information on how the Endangered Bornean orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus morio moves through its environment. Here we report on a camera-trapping study carried out over 2.5 years to investigate the orang-utan's terrestrial behaviour in Wehea Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. We set 41 camera trap stations in an area of secondary forest, 36 in recently logged forest immediately adjacent to Wehea Forest, and 20 in an area of primary forest in the heart of Wehea Forest. A combined sampling effort of 28,485 trap nights yielded 296 independent captures of orang-utans. Of the three study sites, orang-utans were most terrestrial in recently logged forest, which may be only partially explained by breaks in the canopy as a result of logging activity. However, orang-utans were also terrestrial in primary forest, where there was a closed canopy and ample opportunity for moving through the trees. Our results indicate that orang-utans may be more terrestrial than previously thought and demonstrate opportunistic behaviour when moving through their environment, including using newly constructed logging roads for locomotion, possibly indicating some degree of resilience to human disturbance. This finding is important because of the potential role of sustainably logged forests for orang-utan conservation.
The familial basis of facial emotion recognition deficits in adolescents with conduct disorder and their unaffected relatives
Authors: Sully K. , Sonuga-Barke E. J. S. , Fairchild G. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThere is accumulating evidence of impairments in facial emotion recognition in adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). However, the majority of studies in this area have only been able to demonstrate an association, rather than a causal link, between emotion recognition deficits and CD. To move closer towards understanding the causal pathways linking emotion recognition problems with CD, we studied emotion recognition in the unaffected first-degree relatives of CD probands, as well as those with a diagnosis of CD.MethodUsing a family-based design, we investigated facial emotion recognition in probands with CD (n = 43), their unaffected relatives (n = 21), and healthy controls (n = 38). We used the Emotion Hexagon task, an alternative forced-choice task using morphed facial expressions depicting the six primary emotions, to assess facial emotion recognition accuracy.ResultsRelative to controls, the CD group showed impaired recognition of anger, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise (allp < 0.005). Similar to probands with CD, unaffected relatives showed deficits in anger and happiness recognition relative to controls (allp < 0.008), with a trend toward a deficit in fear recognition. There were no significant differences in performance between the CD probands and the unaffected relatives following correction for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsThese results suggest that facial emotion recognition deficits are present in adolescents who are at increased familial risk for developing antisocial behaviour, as well as those who have already developed CD. Consequently, impaired emotion recognition appears to be a viable familial risk marker or candidate endophenotype for CD.
Kinematic analysis of a novel 2(3-

R

US) parallel manipulator
Authors: Sánchez-Alonso Róger E. , González-Barbosa José-Joel , Castillo-Castaneda Eduardo , Gallardo-Alvarado Jaime 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThis paper introduces a novel 6-DOF parallel manipulator, which is composed of two 3-RUS parallel manipulators that share a common three-dimensional moving platform. Semi-analytical form solutions are easily obtained to solve the forward displacement analysis of the robot using the non-planar geometry of the moving platform, whereas the velocity, acceleration, and singularity analyses are performed using screw theory. A case study is included to show the application of the kinematic model, which is verified with the aid of a commercially available software. Simple kinematic analysis and reduced singular regions are the main benefits of the proposed parallel manipulator.
WORKING WITH CLAY
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A. , Hendon Julia A. , Lopiparo Jeanne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEvidence from sites in the lower Ulua valley of north-central Honduras, occupied betweena.d.500 and 1000, provides new insight into the connections between households, craft production, and the role of objects in maintaining social relations within and across households. Production of pottery vessels, figurines, and other items in a household context has been documented at several sites in the valley, including Cerro Palenque, Travesía, Campo Dos, and Campo Pineda. Differences in raw materials, in what was made, and in the size and design of firing facilities allow us to explore how crafting with clay created communities of practice made up of people with varying levels of knowledge, experience, and skill. We argue that focusing on the specific features of a particular craft and the crafter's perspective gives us insight into the ways that crafting contributed to the reproduction of social identities, local histories, and connections among members of communities of practice who comprised multicrafting households.
Implementing elements of a context-adapted chronic care model to improve first-line diabetes care: effects on assessment of chronic illness care and glycaemic control among people with diabetes enrolled to the First-Line Diabetes Care (FiLDCare) Project in the Northern Philippines
Authors: Ku Grace M.V. , Kegels Guy 
Published: January 2015

AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implementing elements of a context-adapted chronic disease-care model (CACCM) in two local government primary healthcare units of a non-highly urbanized city and a rural municipality in the Philippines on Patients’ Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) and glycaemic control (HbA1c) of people with diabetes.BackgroundLow-to-middle income countries like the Philippines are beset with rising prevalence of chronic conditions but their healthcare systems are still acute disease oriented. Attention towards improving care for chronic conditions particularly in primary healthcare is imperative and ways by which this can be done amidst resource constraints need to be explored.MethodsA chronic care model was adapted based on the context of the Philippines. Selected elements (community sensitization, decision support, minor re-organization of health services, health service delivery-system re-design, and self-management education and support) were implemented. PACIC and HbA1c were measured before and one year after the start of implementation.FindingsThe improvements in the PACIC (median, from 3.2 to 3.5) as well as in four of the five subsets of the PACIC were statistically significant (P-values: PACIC=0.009; ‘patient activation’=0.026; ‘goal setting’=0.017; ‘problem solving’&lt;0.001; ‘follow-up’&lt;0.001). The decrease in HbA1c (median, from 7.7% to 6.9%) and the level of diabetes control of the project participants (increase of optimally controlled diabetes from 37.2% to 50.6%) were likewise significant (P&lt;0.000 andP=0.014). A significantly higher rating of the post-implementation PACIC subsets ‘problem solving’ (P=0.027) and ‘follow-up’ (P=0.025) was noted among those participants whose HbA1c improved. The quality of chronic care in general and primary diabetes care in particular may be improved, as measured through the PACIC and glycaemic control, in resource-constrained settings applying selected elements of a CACCM and without causing much strain on an already-burdened healthcare system.