bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of childhood abuse on adult obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hemmingsson E. , Johansson K. , Reynisdottir S. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryControversy exists surrounding the role of childhood abuse in obesity development. This is a meta‐analysis of observational studies on the role of childhood abuse in adult obesity. Systematic searches of PubMed, PsycInfo, Medline and CINAHL resulted in 23 cohort studies (4 prospective, 19 retrospective) with n = 112,708 participants, containing four abuse types (physical, emotional, sexual, general). Four studies reported dose–response effects. A random effects model was used to quantify effect sizes, meta‐regression/subgroup analysis for identifying potential moderating variables and Egger's test for publication bias. Adults who reported childhood abuse were significantly more likely to be obese (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.45, P < 0.001). All four types of abuse were significantly associated with adult obesity: physical (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46), emotional (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08–1.71), sexual (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13–1.53) and general abuse (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25–1.69). Severe abuse (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.27–1.77) was significantly more associated with adult obesity (P = 0.043) compared with light/moderate abuse (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.91–1.41). We found no significant effects of study design (prospective vs. retrospective, P = 0.07), age (P = 0.96) or gender (P = 0.92). Publication bias was evident (Egger's test P = 0.007), but effect sizes remained statistically significant in sensitivity analyses. Childhood abuse was clearly associated with being obese as an adult, including a positive dose–response association. This suggests that adverse life experiences during childhood plays a major role in obesity development, potentially by inducing mental and emotional perturbations, maladaptive coping responses, stress, inflammation and metabolic disturbances.
Activation in the Austrian Social Assistance Scheme – Unproductive Pressure and Low Support
Authors: Leibetseder Bettina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractActivation is an essential part of social assistance schemes. This article provides an insight into the implementation of activation in the Austrian social assistance scheme by analyzing the work requirements and support offered in two provinces, Upper Austria and Styria. The main questions addressed include: Does social assistance require everyone to look for employment? What kind of requirements do social assistance offices set, what support do they offer and to whom? To what extent do those activation measures lead to a job search? The analysis draws on survey results for 1,071 claimants and recipients in the two provinces. It is shown that social assistance does not require all respondents to search for employment, and that activation actually depends on province as well as personal circumstances. Items are formed by identifying low and high conditionality in terms of support and pressure based on 11 questions. Current practice incorporates supportive forms of activation to a lesser degree than efforts to force people to find work, due to pressures from the caseworker. Although high conditionality is not found to affect the job search activity, the job search requirement itself fosters people's search for employment.
What is the meaning of a nonresolved viral nucleic acid test–reactive minipool?
Authors: Wang Lunan , Chang Le , Xie Yunzheng , Huang Chengyin , Xu Lei , Qian Rong , Zhu Haifeng , He Yaqin , Li Jing , Huang Hongliang , Li Wen , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Rui , Xie Jiehong , Sun Yu , Li Jinming 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThis study aimed at analyzing the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative donations by cobas TaqScreen MPX test (Roche Molecular Systems) and discussing the meaning of a reactive minipool (MP) that does not resolve to an individual donation (ID)–reactive result.Study Design and MethodsNucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) was performed in 12 Chinese blood centers on 826,044 serologic negative donations in MPs of six. MP‐reactive pools that were resolved to ID‐reactive donations were confirmed by Roche TaqMan viral load assays. Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) results were also analyzed. Cycle threshold (Ct) values of reactive MPs were analyzed in relation to the probability of pool resolution.ResultsA total of 1267 of 137,674 pools were reactive, of which 839 donations were reactive by ID‐NAT. The MP6 HBV NAT–yield rate lay between 1 in 1600 and 1 in 1000. At MP Ct values equal or below 37, the probability of pool resolution was approximately 80%. The prevalence of anti‐HBc in ID‐reactive donations was 81%. The proportion of reactive pools that could not be resolved was 36%. The prevalence of anti‐HBc in donations implicated in nonresolved MPs was significantly higher than those in nonreactive MPs (48% vs. 37%, p = 0.016).ConclusionThe anti‐HBc data suggest that approximately 10% of nonresolved MPs contain HBV DNA from a low‐viral‐load occult carrier. We consider ID‐NAT resolution testing in duplicate to minimize HBV transmission risk associated with transfusing nonreactive donations implicated in reactive MPs.
Trade Liberalisation and Export Performance in Transition: The Case of Georgia
Authors: Athukorala Prema‐chandra , Waglé Swarnim 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper examines export performance in Georgia in the process of transition from central planning to a market‐oriented economy. Policy reforms undertaken with the support of the Bretton Woods institutions since the mid‐1990s have made Georgia one of the most market‐friendly economies among the Commonwealth of Independent States. However, the reforms have so far failed to transform the lopsided export structure inherited from the Soviet era in line with emerging opportunities for global economic integration. The orthodox liberalisation reforms are unlikely to improve export performance unless accompanied by concrete measures to redress supply‐side constraints faced by export producers and to sustain their international competitiveness.
DMLC tracking and gating can improve dose coverage for prostate VMAT
Authors: Colvill E. , Poulsen P. R. , Booth J. T. , O'Brien R. T. , Ng J. A. , Keall P. J. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:To assess and compare the dosimetric impact of dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) tracking and gating as motion correction strategies to account for intrafraction motion during conventionally fractionated prostate radiotherapy.Methods:A dose reconstruction method was used to retrospectively assess the dose distributions delivered without motion correction during volumetric modulated arc therapy fractions for 20 fractions of five prostate cancer patients who received conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. These delivered dose distributions were compared with the dose distributions which would have been delivered had DMLC tracking or gating motion correction strategies been implemented. The delivered dose distributions were constructed by incorporating the observed prostate motion with the patientˈs original treatment plan to simulate the treatment delivery. The DMLC tracking dose distributions were constructed using the same dose reconstruction method with the addition of MLC positions from Linac log files obtained during DMLC tracking simulations with the observed prostate motions input to the DMLC tracking software. The gating dose distributions were constructed by altering the prostate motion to simulate the application of a gating threshold of 3 mm for 5 s.Results:The delivered dose distributions showed that dosimetric effects of intrafraction prostate motion could be substantial for some fractions, with an estimated dose decrease of more than 19% and 34% from the planned CTVD99% and PTV D95% values, respectively, for one fraction. Evaluation of dose distributions for DMLC tracking and gating deliveries showed that both interventions were effective in improving the CTV D99% for all of the selected fractions to within 4% of planned value for all fractions. For the delivered dose distributions the difference in rectum V65% for the individual fractions from planned ranged from −44% to 101% and for the bladder V65% the range was −61% to 26% from planned. The application of tracking decreased the maximum rectum and bladder V65% difference to 6% and 4%, respectively.Conclusions:For the first time, the dosimetric impact of DMLC tracking and gating to account for intrafraction motion during prostate radiotherapy has been assessed and compared with no motion correction. Without motion correction intrafraction prostate motion can result in a significant decrease in target dose coverage for a small number of individual fractions. This is unlikely to effect the overall treatment for most patients undergoing conventionally fractionated treatments. Both DMLC tracking and gating demonstrate dose distributions for all assessed fractions that are robust to intrafraction motion.
Liverpool Active City 2005–2010: Increasing Population Physical Activity Levels Through Intersectoral Action
Authors: Dawson Jon , Huikuri Suvi , Armada Francisco 
Published: August 2014

Background:The process of working together across sectors to improve health and to influence its determinants is often referred to as intersectoral action for health. The Liverpool Active City strategy and action plan were launched in 2005, bringing together partners from diverse sectors such as education, transport, and civil society to boost levels of physical activity among the city’s residents.Methods:The research material was based on semistructured interviews with key stakeholders and on review and analysis of gray literature and media reports. A case-study method was used to analyze the experience.Results:The results show that Liverpool Active City succeeded in boosting levels of physical activity among the city’s residents and demonstrate how intersectoral action benefited the goals of the program and promoted common aims.Conclusions:Important lessons can be drawn from the experience of Liverpool Active City for public health professionals and policy makers. Success factors include the involvement of a broad range of agencies from a variety of sectors, which reinforced the sense of partnership in the physical activity agenda and supported the implementation of activities. The experience also demonstrated how intersectoral action brought benefits to the physical activity goals of Liverpool Active City.
The Association Between Exergaming and Physical Activity in Young Adults
Authors: Kakinami Lisa , O’Loughlin Erin K. , Dugas Erika N. , Sabiston Catherine M. , Paradis Gilles , O’Loughlin Jennifer 
Published: August 2014

Background:Compared with traditional nonactive video games, exergaming contributes significantly to overall daily physical activity (PA) in experimental studies, but the association in observational studies is not clear.Methods:Data were available in the 2011 to 2012 wave of the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study (N = 829). Multivariable sex-stratified models assessed the association between exergaming (1–3 times per month in the past year) and minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity in the previous week, and the association between exergaming and meeting PA recommendations.Results:Compared with male exergamers, female exergamers were more likely to believe exergames were a good way to integrate PA into their lives (89% vs 62%, P = .0001). After we adjusted for covariates, male exergamers were not significantly different from male nonexergamers in minutes of PA. Female exergamers reported 47 more minutes of moderate PA in the previous week compared with female nonexergamers (P = .03). There was no association between exergaming and meeting PA recommendations.Conclusion:Exergaming contributes to moderate minutes of PA among women but not among men. Differences in attitudes toward exergaming should be further explored.
Effects of Acute Active Video Games on Endothelial Function Following a High-Fat Meal in Overweight Adolescents
Authors: Park Soo Hyun , Yoon Eun Sun , Lee Yong Hee , Kim Chul-Ho , Bunsawat Kanokwan , Heffernan Kevin S. , Fernhall Bo , Jae Sae Young 
Published: August 2014

Background:We tested the hypothesis that an active video game following a high-fat meal would partially prevent the unfavorable effect of a high-fat meal on vascular function in overweight adolescents.Methods:Twenty-four overweight adolescents were randomized to either a 60-minute active video game (AVG) group (n = 12) or seated rest (SR) as a control group (n = 12) after a high-fat meal. Blood parameters were measured, and vascular function was measured using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at baseline and 3 hours after a high-fat meal.Results:No significant interaction was found in any blood parameter. A high-fat meal significantly increased blood triglyceride and glucose concentrations in both groups in a similar manner. Brachial artery FMD significantly decreased in the SR group (13.8 ± 3.2% to 11.8 ± 2.5), but increased in the AVG group (11.4 ± 4.0% to 13.3 ± 3.5), with a significant interaction (P = .034).Conclusion:These findings show that an active video game attenuated high-fat meal-induced endothelial dysfunction. This suggests that an active video game may have a cardioprotective effect on endothelial function in overweight adolescents when exposed to a high-fat meal.
Walking for Transportation and Leisure among U.S. Adults—National Health Interview Survey 2010
Authors: Paul Prabasaj , Carlson Susan A. , Carroll Dianna D. , Berrigan David , Fulton Janet E. 
Published: August 2014

Background:Walking, the most commonly reported physical activity among U.S. adults, is undertaken in various domains, including transportation and leisure.Methods:This study examined prevalence, bout length, and mean amount of walking in the last week for transportation and leisure, by selected characteristics. Self-reported data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (N = 24,017) were analyzed.Results:Prevalence of transportation walking was 29.4% (95% CI: 28.6%–30.3%) and of leisure walking was 50.0% (95% CI: 49.1%–51.0%). Prevalence of transportation walking was higher among men; prevalence of leisure walking was higher among women. Most (52.4%) transportation walking bouts were 10 to 15 minutes; leisure walking bouts were distributed more evenly (28.0%, 10–15 minutes; 17.1%, 41–60 minutes). Mean time spent in transportation walking was higher among men, decreased with increasing BMI, and varied by race/ethnicity and region of residence. Mean time spent leisure walking increased with increasing age and with decreasing BMI.Conclusion:Demographic correlates and patterns of walking differ by domain. Interventions focusing on either leisure or transportation walking should consider correlates for the specific walking domain. Assessing prevalence, bout length, and mean time of walking for transportation and leisure separately allows for more comprehensive surveillance of walking.
Complete Nucleotide Sequence of pVv01, a P1-Like Plasmid Prophage of Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Hammerl Jens A. , Klevanskaa Karina , Strauch Eckhard , Hertwig Stefan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the 79,263-bp plasmid pVv01 isolated from
Vibrio vulnificus
. pVv01 is closely related to the
Vibrio
plasmid p0908 and shows some similarities to phage P1. Unlike p0908, pVv01 represents an intact prophage inducible by mitomycin C. PVv01 phage particles revealed a myoviridal morphology and lytic activity.
Integrated Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics Analyses of Root-Associated Soil from Transgenic Switchgrass
Authors: Chauhan Archana , Smartt Abby , Wang Jun , Utturkar Sagar , Frank Ashley , Bi Meng , Liu Jiang , Williams Daniel , Xu Tingting , Eldridge Melanie , Arreaza Andres , Rogers Alexandra , Gonzalez Hector Castro , Layton Alice C. , Baxter Holly L. , Mazarei Mitra , DeBruyn Jennifer M. , Stewart C. Neal , Brown Steven D. , Hauser Loren J. , Sayler Gary S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The benefits of using transgenic switchgrass with decreased levels of caffeic acid 3-
O
-methyltransferase (COMT) as biomass feedstock have been clearly demonstrated. However, its effect on the soil microbial community has not been assessed. Here we report metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of root-associated soil from COMT switchgrass compared with nontransgenic counterparts.
Draft Genome Sequence of Nonlabens ulvanivorans, an Ulvan-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Kopel Moran , Helbert William , Henrissat Bernard , Doniger Tirza , Banin Ehud 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft genome sequence of the bacterium
Nonlabens ulvanivorans
, which was recently isolated. To our knowledge, this is the first published genome of a characterized ulvan-degrading bacterium. Revealing the ulvan utilization pathways may provide access to a vast marine biomass source that has yet to be exploited.
Draft Genome Sequence of Burkholderia sordidicola S170, a Potential Plant Growth Promoter Isolated from Coniferous Forest Soil in the Czech Republic
Authors: Lladó Salvador , Xu Zhuofei , Sørensen Søren J. , Baldrian Petr 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia
species are key players in the accumulation of carbon from cellulose decomposition in coniferous forest ecosystems. We report here the draft genome of
Burkholderia sordidicola
strain S170, containing features associated with known genes involved in plant growth promotion, the biological control of plant diseases, and green remediation technologies.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Haloferax
sp. Strain ATB1, Isolated from a Semi-Arid Region in the Brazilian Caatinga
Authors: Castro Wendel de Oliveira , Torres-Ballesteros Adriana Maria , Nakayama Cristina Rossi , Melo Itamar Soares , Pellizari Vivian Helena , Silva Artur , Ramos Rommel Thiago Jucá 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Organisms in the
Haloferax
genus are extreme halophiles that grow in environments with pH values between 4 and 12, and temperatures between 0°C and 60°C. In the present study, a draft of the first
Haloferax
sp. strain ATB1 genome isolated from the region of Cariri (in Paraíba State, Brazil) is presented.
Benefit of statin pretreatment in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in different adult patient population: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Nirmal , Lee Justin Z , Huang Jennifer J , Low See Wei , Howe Carol , Pandit Anil , Suryanarayana Prakash , Lee Kwan S 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivePrevious studies have suggested that statin pretreatment prevents contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). However, single randomised trials are limited in their number of patients. This meta-analysis aims to assess the role of statin use in CIN prevention, as well as to determine patient subgroups that will benefit from statin pre-treatment.MethodologyWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for randomised controlled trials (RCT) comparing statin pretreatment versus placebo for preventing CIN. Our main outcome was the risk of CIN within 1–5 days after contrast administration.ResultsData analysed from nine randomised studies with a total of 5143 patients, where 2559 received statins and 2584 received placebo, showed that statin pretreatment was associated with significant reduction in risk of CIN (MH-RR=0.47, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.64, Z=4.49, p<0.00001). This beneficial effect of statin was also seen in patients with baseline renal impairment (MH-RR=0.46, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.72, p=0.0008) and also those who were cotreated with NAC (MH-RR=0.46, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.83, p=0.01).ConclusionsStatin pretreatment leads to significant reduction in CIN, and should be strongly considered in all patients who are planned for diagnostic and interventional procedures involving contrast-media administration.
Cardiac CaM Kinase II Genes δ and γ Contribute to Adverse Remodeling but Redundantly Inhibit Calcineurin-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy
Authors: Kreusser Michael M. , Lehmann Lorenz H. , Keranov Stanislav , Hoting Marc-Oscar , Oehl Ulrike , Kohlhaas Michael , Reil Jan-Christian , Neumann Kay , Schneider Michael D. , Hill Joseph A. , Dobrev Dobromir , Maack Christoph , Maier Lars S. , Gröne Hermann-Josef , Katus Hugo A. , Olson Eric N. , Backs Johannes 
Published: August 2014

Background—

Ca
2+
-dependent signaling through CaM Kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin was suggested to contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling. However, the relative importance of CaMKII versus calcineurin for adverse cardiac remodeling remained unclear.

Methods and Results—

We generated double-knockout mice (DKO) lacking the 2 cardiac CaMKII genes δ and γ specifically in cardiomyocytes. We show that both CaMKII isoforms contribute redundantly to phosphorylation not only of phospholamban, ryanodine receptor 2, and histone deacetylase 4, but also calcineurin. Under baseline conditions, DKO mice are viable and display neither abnormal Ca
2+
handling nor functional and structural changes. On pathological pressure overload and β-adrenergic stimulation, DKO mice are protected against cardiac dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis. But surprisingly and paradoxically, DKO mice develop cardiac hypertrophy driven by excessive activation of endogenous calcineurin, which is associated with a lack of phosphorylation at the auto-inhibitory calcineurin A site Ser411. Likewise, calcineurin inhibition prevents cardiac hypertrophy in DKO. On exercise performance, DKO mice show an exaggeration of cardiac hypertrophy with increased expression of the calcineurin target gene RCAN1-4 but no signs of adverse cardiac remodeling.

Conclusions—
We established a mouse model in which CaMKII’s activity is specifically and completely abolished. By the use of this model we show that CaMKII induces maladaptive cardiac remodeling while it inhibits calcineurin-dependent hypertrophy. These data suggest inhibition of CaMKII but not calcineurin as a promising approach to attenuate the progression of heart failure.
Combined Effects of Socioeconomic Position, Smoking, and Hypertension on Risk of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Nordahl Helene , Osler Merete , Frederiksen Birgitte Lidegaard , Andersen Ingelise , Prescott Eva , Overvad Kim , Diderichsen Finn , Rod Naja Hulvej 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Combined effects of socioeconomic position and well-established risk factors on stroke incidence have not been formally investigated.

Methods—
In a pooled cohort study of 68 643 men and women aged 30 to 70 years in Denmark, we examined the combined effect and interaction between socioeconomic position (ie, education), smoking, and hypertension on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence by the use of the additive hazards model.

Results—
During 14 years of follow-up, 3613 ischemic strokes and 776 hemorrhagic strokes were observed. Current smoking and hypertension were more prevalent among those with low education. Low versus high education was associated with greater ischemic, but not hemorrhagic, stroke incidence. The combined effect of low education and current smoking was more than expected by the sum of their separate effects on ischemic stroke incidence, particularly among men: 134 (95% confidence interval, 49–219) extra cases per 100 000 person-years because of interaction, adjusted for age, cohort study, and birth cohort. There was no clear evidence of interaction between low education and hypertension. The combined effect of current smoking and hypertension was more than expected by the sum of their separate effects on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence. This effect was most pronounced for ischemic stroke among women: 178 (95% confidence interval, 103–253) extra cases per 100 000 person-years because of interaction, adjusted for age, cohort study, and birth cohort.

Conclusions—
Reducing smoking in those with low socioeconomic position and in those with hypertension could potentially reduce social inequality stroke incidence.