bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early life of a fly glial cell
Authors: Altenhein Benjamin , Cattenoz Pierre B. , Giangrande Angela 
Published: July 2015

Throughout evolution, glia have key regulatory roles in neural development and function. Typically, they control the response to developmental and/or pathological signals, thereby affecting neural proliferation, remodeling, survival, and regeneration. Such complex biology depends on the plastic features of glial cells, but also on the presence of different classes of glial cells, hence the importance of understanding the cellular and the molecular mechanisms underlying their development. The fly community has made major breakthroughs by characterizing the bases of gliogenesis and here we describe the glial lineages as well as the glial promoting factor active in the embryo ofDrosophila melanogaster.WIREs Dev Biol2016, 5:67–84. doi: 10.1002/wdev.200This article is categorized under:Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular DifferentiationInvertebrate Organogenesis > FliesNervous System Development > Flies
Poetry and Leadership in Light of Ambiguity and Logic of Appropriateness
Authors: Xing Yijun , Liu Yipeng 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the relationship between poetry and leadership – in particular, how business leaders might leverage poetry in practice. Drawing on the theoretical lenses of logic of appropriateness and ambiguity, we suggest a conceptual model to understand the multilayered meaning of poetry, noting that poetry has four layers of meaning: the superficial meaning, the poet's evocative meaning, the reader's recasting into a modern situation, and the recipient's interpretation. Using the storytelling research method, we collected leadership narrative stories that indicate poetry as an effective communication tool in practicing leadership. From these data, we identify four approaches that leaders use to apply the multilayered meaning of poetry in contemporary business practice: drawing lessons from poets' experience through critical interpretation of the poem, inspiring leaders' heroic spirits, guiding leaders' rules of behavior, and adopting poetry as a tactic to influence others. Our study contributes to the argument of ambiguity as a source of intelligence and illuminates how poetry as an artistic form of story facilitates contemporary leadership practice in light of the logic of appropriateness framework.
Mycoplasma pneumoniaeandChlamydophila pneumoniae: a comparative study in patients with nasal polyposis and healthy controls
Authors: Ioannidis D G , Lachanas V A , Florou Z , Bizakis J G , Petinaki E , Skoulakis C E 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroduction:The role played byMycoplasma pneumoniaeandChlamydophila pneumoniaein the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has been the object of ongoing debate. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to investigate the prevalence of both microorganisms in the nasal tissue samples of patients and controls.Methods:We extracted DNA from nasal polyp samples obtained during functional endoscopic sinus surgery and the inferior turbinate samples of controls undergoing septoplasty. We used the highly sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence ofM pneumoniaeandC pneumoniaeDNA.Results:Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps consisted of 62 individuals (39 men; mean age 51 years); the control group consisted of 24 individuals (13 men; mean age 45 years). All samples from both groups were negative forM pneumoniaeandC pneumoniaeDNA.Conclusion:We have demonstrated that the likelihood ofM pneumoniaeandC pneumoniaeacting as an ongoing inflammatory stimulus in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is slim.
The International Rule of Law
Authors: KEITH KENNETH J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe ‘rule of law’ is a concept at the very heart of the United Nations (UN) mission declared its Secretary-General, Kofi Annan. What does the concept mean internationally? The paper considers its role in international adjudication; in the UN more generally; in terms of the acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ); the difference between thick and thin definitions of the concept; equality before the law; the requirement of clarity and certainty by reference to interpretation of treaties and maritime delimitation; compliance by Governments with international law; and the peaceful settlement of international disputes; and concludes with the importance of personal qualities and professional qualities.
‘Jistis ak Reparasyon pou Tout Viktim Kolera MINUSTAH’: The United Nations and the Right to Health in Haiti
Authors: FREEDMAN ROSA , LEMAY-HEBERT NICOLAS 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Haiti cholera claims are focused upon the UN's violation of the rights of individuals affected by the cholera outbreak to access a remedy. The UN's absolute immunity from jurisdiction of national courts is counterbalanced by its duty to provide alternative dispute resolution mechanisms for private law claims. The UN has not only failed to provide those alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, but has repeatedly stated that no claims are receivable in these circumstances. Here we set out that even if the UN is able to shield itself from private law claims by using the cloak of absolute immunity, the UN might be held responsible for human rights violations arising from the cholera outbreak in Haiti. This article is concerned with the broader issue of whether the UN has violated and continues to violate individuals' right to health in Haiti.
Review of tropospheric temperature, absolute humidity and integrated water vapour from the HAMSTRAD radiometer installed at Dome C, Antarctica, 2009–14
Authors: Ricaud P. , Grigioni P. , Zbinden R. , Attié J.-L. , Genoni L. , Galeandro A. , Moggio L. , Montaguti S. , Petenko I. , Legovini P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe HAMSTRAD (H2O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers) instrument is a microwave radiometer installed at Dome C (Antarctica, 75°06'S, 123°21'E, 3233 m a.m.s.l.) dedicated to the tropospheric measurements of temperature, absolute humidity and integrated water vapour (IWV). The aim of the present paper is to review the entire HAMSTRAD dataset from 2009 to 2014 with a 7-minute integration time from 0 to 10 km by comparison with coincident radiosondes launched at 12h00 UTC at Dome C. Based upon an extensive evaluation of biases and time correlation coefficients (r), we can state: i) IWV is of excellent quality (r>0.98) and can be used without retrieving significant bias, ii) temperature is suitable for scientific analyses over 0–10 km with a high time correlation with radiosondes (r>0.80) and iii) absolute humidity is suitable for scientific analyses over 0–4 km with a moderate time correlation against radiosondes (r>0.70). The vertical distribution of temperature (0–10 km) and absolute humidity (0–4 km) is subject to biases that need to be removed if the analyses require the use of vertical profiling. The HAMSTRAD dataset is provided in open access to the scientific community.
Exclusive olive oil consumption has a protective effect on coronary artery disease; overview of the THISEAS study
Authors: Dimitriou Maria , Rallidis Loukianos S , Theodoraki Eirini V , Kalafati Ioanna Panagiota , Kolovou Genovefa , Dedoussis George V 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the current report are to present the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics/biochemical indices and lifestyle habits of the population and to explore the potential association of exclusive olive oil consumption, in relation to lifestyle factors, with coronary artery disease risk.DesignDemographic, lifestyle, dietary and biochemical variables were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed in order to estimate the relative risks of developing coronary artery disease.SettingThe Hellenic study of Interactions between Single nucleotide polymorphisms and Eating in Atherosclerosis Susceptibility (THISEAS), a medical centre-based case–control study conducted in Greek adults.SubjectsWe consecutively enrolled 1221 adult patients with coronary artery disease and 1344 adult controls.ResultsA higher prevalence of the conventional established risk factors was observed in cases than in controls. Physical activity level was higher in controls (1·4 (sd0·2) than in cases (1·3 (sd0·3);P<0·001). Regarding current and ex-smokers, the case group reported almost double the pack-years of the control group (54·6 (sd42·8)v. 28·3 (sd26·3), respectively;P<0·001). Exclusive olive oil consumption was associated with 37 % lower likelihood of developing coronary artery disease, even after taking into account adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR=0·63; 95 % CI 0·42, 0·93;P=0·02).ConclusionsExclusive olive oil consumption was associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease, even after adjusting for adoption of an overall healthy dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean diet.
Chemically related 4,5-linked aminoglycoside antibiotics drive subunit rotation in opposite directions
Authors: Wasserman Michael R. , Pulk Arto , Zhou Zhou , Altman Roger B. , Zinder John C. , Green Keith D. , Garneau-Tsodikova Sylvie , Doudna Cate Jamie H. , Blanchard Scott C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDynamic remodelling of intersubunit bridge B2, a conserved RNA domain of the bacterial ribosome connecting helices 44 (h44) and 69 (H69) of the small and large subunit, respectively, impacts translation by controlling intersubunit rotation. Here we show that aminoglycosides chemically related to neomycin—paromomycin, ribostamycin and neamine—each bind to sites within h44 and H69 to perturb bridge B2 and affect subunit rotation. Neomycin and paromomycin, which only differ by their ring-I 6′-polar group, drive subunit rotation in opposite directions. This suggests that their distinct actions hinge on the 6′-substituent and the drug’s net positive charge. By solving the crystal structure of the paromomycin–ribosome complex, we observe specific contacts between the apical tip of H69 and the 6′-hydroxyl on paromomycin from within the drug’s canonical h44-binding site. These results indicate that aminoglycoside actions must be framed in the context of bridge B2 and their regulation of subunit rotation.
Elucidating the role of disorder and free-carrier recombination kinetics in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films
Authors: La-o-vorakiat Chan , Salim Teddy , Kadro Jeannette , Khuc Mai-Thu , Haselsberger Reinhard , Cheng Liang , Xia Huanxin , Gurzadyan Gagik G. , Su Haibin , Lam Yeng Ming , Marcus Rudolph A. , Michel-Beyerle Maria-Elisabeth , Chia Elbert E. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractApart from broadband absorption of solar radiation, the performance of photovoltaic devices is governed by the density and mobility of photogenerated charge carriers. The latter parameters indicate how many free carriers move away from their origin, and how fast, before loss mechanisms such as carrier recombination occur. However, only lower bounds of these parameters are usually obtained. Here we independently determine both density and mobility of charge carriers in a perovskite film by the use of time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Our data reveal the modification of the free carrier response by strong backscattering expected from these heavily disordered perovskite films. The results for different phases and different temperatures show a change of kinetics from two-body recombination at room temperature to three-body recombination at low temperatures. Our results suggest that perovskite-based solar cells can perform well even at low temperatures as long as the three-body recombination has not become predominant.
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in neurons of trigeminal ganglion contributes to nociception induced by acute pulpitis in rats
Authors: Lin Jia-Ji , Du Yi , Cai Wen-Ke , Kuang Rong , Chang Ting , Zhang Zhuo , Yang Yong-Xiang , Sun Chao , Li Zhu-Yi , Kuang Fang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPain caused by acute pulpitis (AP) is a common symptom in clinical settings. However, its underlying mechanisms have largely remained unknown. Using AP model, we demonstrated that dental injury caused severe pulp inflammation with up-regulated serum IL-1β. Assessment from head-withdrawal reflex thresholds (HWTs) and open-field test demonstrated nociceptive response at 1 day post injury. A consistent up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) ipsilateral to the injured pulp was found; and downstream signaling components of TLR4, including MyD88, TRIF and NF-κB and cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, were also increased. Retrograde labeling indicated that most TLR4 positve neuron in the TG innnervated the pulp and TLR4 immunoreactivity was mainly in the medium and small neurons. Double labeling showed that the TLR4 expressing neurons in the ipsilateral TG were TRPV1 and CGRP positive, but IB4 negative. Furthermore, blocking TLR4 by eritoran (TLR4 antagonist) in TGs of the AP model significantly down-regulated MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β production and behavior of nociceptive response. Our findings suggest that TLR4 signaling in TG cells, particularly the peptidergic TRPV1 neurons, plays a key role in AP-induced nociception and indicate that TLR4 signaling could be a potential therapeutic target for orofacial pain.
A method to tune the shape of protein-encapsulated polymeric microspheres
Authors: Alteriis Renato de , Vecchione Raffaele , Attanasio Chiara , Gregorio Maria De , Porzio Massimiliano , Battista Edmondo , Netti Paolo A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractProtein encapsulation technologies of polymeric microspheres currently in use have been optimized to effectively protect their “protein cargo” from inactivation occurring in biological environments, preserving its bioactivity during release up to several weeks. The scenario of protein delivery would greatly benefit by strategies enabling the production of non-spherical particles. Herein we report an easy and effective stamp-based method to produce poly-lactic-glycolic-acid (PLGA) microparticles encapsulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) of different shapes. We demonstrate that PLGA microspheres can be deformed at room temperature exploiting solvent/non-solvent plasticization in order to preserve the properties of the starting microspheres. This gentle method allows the production of shaped particles that provide a prolonged release of VEGF in active form, as verified by an angiogenic assay. The retention of the biological activity of an extremely labile molecule, i.e. VEGF, lets us hypothesize that a wide variety of drug and protein encapsulated polymeric microspheres can be processed using this method.
Small molecule and RNAi induced phenotype transition of expanded and primary colonic epithelial cells
Authors: Sharbati Jutta , Hanisch Carlos , Pieper Robert , Einspanier Ralf , Sharbati Soroush 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent progress in mammalian intestinal epithelial cell culture led to novel concepts of tissue modeling. Especially the development of phenotypically stable cell lines from individual animals enables an investigation of distinct intestinal loci and disease states. We here report primary and prolonged culture of normal porcine epithelial cells from colon for cell line development. In addition, a novel primary three-dimensional intestinal culture system is presented, which generated organoids composed of a highly polarized epithelial layer lining a core of subepithelial tissue. Cellular characterization of monolayer cell lines revealed epithelial identity and pointed to a proliferative crypt cell phenotype. We evaluated both RNAi and chemical approaches to induce epithelial differentiation in generated cell lines by targeting promoters of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). By in silico prediction and ectopic expression, miR-147b was proven to be a potent trigger of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation. Our results outline an approach to generate phenotypically stable cell lines expanded from primary colonic epithelial cultures and demonstrate the relevance of miR-147b and chemical inhibitors for promoting epithelial differentiation features.
Key bioactive reaction products of the NO/H2S interaction are S/N-hybrid species, polysulfides, and nitroxyl
Authors: Cortese-Krott Miriam M. , Kuhnle Gunter G. C. , Dyson Alex , Fernandez Bernadette O. , Grman Marian , DuMond Jenna F. , Barrow Mark P. , McLeod George , Nakagawa Hidehiko , Ondrias Karol , Nagy Péter , King S. Bruce , Saavedra Joseph E. , Keefer Larry K. , Singer Mervyn , Kelm Malte , Butler Anthony R. , Feelisch Martin 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceReactions of sulfur-centered nucleophiles with nitrogenous species have been studied independently for more than a century for synthetic/industrial purposes; to understand geochemical, atmospheric, and biological processes; and to explain the origins of life. Various products and reaction mechanisms were proposed. We here identify a singular process comprising a network of cascading chemical reactions that form three main bioactive products at physiological pH: nitrosopersulfide, polysulfides, and dinitrososulfite. These anionic products scavenge, transport, and release NO/HNO or sulfide/sulfane sulfur, each displaying distinct chemistries and bioactivities. Our observations provide a chemical foundation for the cross-talk between the NO and H2S signaling pathways in biology and suggest that the biological actions of these entities can be neither considered nor studied in isolation.
Infection of Juvenile Salmonids by Salmincola californiensis (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) in Reservoirs and Streams of the Willamette River Basin, Oregon
Authors: Monzyk Fred R. , Friesen Thomas A. , Romer Jeremy D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe assessed infection prevalence and intensity by the ectoparasitic copepod Salmincola californiensis among salmonid species rearing in reservoirs and streams upstream of reservoirs in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, during 2012 and 2013. Infection levels of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Rainbow Trout O. mykiss, and Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii were greater in reservoirs than in streams and increased with the age and size of fish. Copepods were more likely to be attached within the brachial cavity of reservoir fish (79%), whereas fins were the most common attachment site on stream fish (71%). Chinook Salmon in reservoirs were more vulnerable to infection than other species. Age‐0 Chinook Salmon in reservoirs showed increasing infection prevalence throughout the year, reaching 84% by fall (compared with 11% in streams). Infection intensity was greater for age‐0 Chinook Salmon in reservoirs than for those in streams. Infection prevalence for reservoir‐rearing Rainbow Trout was < 1% at age 0, 22% at age 1, 36% at age 2, and 38% at age 3. Intensity was low for age‐1 Rainbow Trout and increased for age‐2 and age‐3 fish. Infection prevalence for reservoir‐rearing Cutthroat Trout collected in spring (39%) was greater than for those rearing in streams (4.5%). Juvenile kokanee O. nerka were only present in reservoirs and were rarely infected with copepods. The lack of water current in reservoirs may increase the likelihood of infection in the brachial cavity. Greater infection levels observed for juvenile Chinook Salmon compared with the other species in reservoirs may be a function of behavioral, physiological, and habitat differences. We concluded that copepod infection in reservoirs reached levels that could decrease the fitness and survival of Chinook Salmon smolts, potentially hampering conservation and recovery efforts.
Identification of the possible new odor-active compounds “12-methyltridecanal and its analogs” responsible for the characteristic aroma of ripe Gouda-type cheese
Authors: Inagaki Satsuki , Fujikawa Seiji , Wada Yoshiyuki , Kumazawa Kenji 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aroma concentrates of the three maturation stages of Gouda-type cheeses were prepared by combining the solvent extraction and the solvent assisted flavor evaporation techniques. The aroma extract dilution analysis applied to the volatile fraction revealed 31 odorants that were identified or tentatively identified from the 38 odor-active peaks with FD factors between 43 and 48. By comparison with the FD factors in the three maturation stages of the cheeses, 16 odorants, including 12-methyltridecanal, which is a newly identified odorant from the cheese, increased with the increasing maturation stage of the cheese. In addition, many iso- and anteiso-methyl-branched long-chain aliphatic aldehydes could be identified as the analogs of 12-methyltridecanal, which have a unique odor note. It may be then expected that these aldehydes were able to influence the flavor of the highly ripened Gouda cheese, since these compounds also increased with the increasing maturation stage.
Short-term predictive capacity of two different triage systems in patients with acute heart failure: TRICA-EAHFE study
Authors: Miró Òscar , Tost Josep , Herrero Pablo , Jacob Javier , Martín-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Gil Víctor , Fernández-Pérez Cristina , Escoda Rosa , Llorens Pere 
Published: July 2015

Objective
To evaluate whether prioritization of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) in the Andorran Triage Model/Spanish Triage System (MAT/SET) and the Manchester Triage System (MTS) also allows the identification of different profiles of outcome and prognosis and determine whether either system has a better predictive capacity of outcomes.

Patients and methods
Patients with AHF included in the Spanish EAHFE registry from hospitals using the MAT/SET or MTS were selected and divided according to the triage system used. Outcome variables included hospital admission, length of stay, death during admission, 3, 7, and 30-day all-cause mortality, and emergency department (ED) reconsultation at 30 days. The results were compared according to the level of priority and the triage system used.

Results
We included 3837 patients (MAT/SET=2474; MTS=1363) classified as follows: 4.0% level 1; 34.7% level 2; 55.1% level 3; and 6.3% levels 4–5. Both systems associated greater priority with higher rates of admission and mortality; the MTS associated greater priority with greater ED reconsultation and the MAT/SET found greater priority to be associated with less ED reconsultation. The discriminative capacity of the two scales for adverse outcomes was statistically significant, albeit poor, for almost all the outcome events and it was of scarce clinical relevance (Area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic between 0.458 and 0.661).

Conclusion
The prediction of the outcome of patients with AHF determined with the MAT/SET or MTS showed scarce differences between the two systems, and their discriminative capacity does not seem to be clinically relevant.