bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of Anatolia to European phylogeography: the centre of origin of the meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus
Authors: Korkmaz E. Mahir , Lunt David H. , Çıplak Battal , Değerli Naci , Başıbüyük Hasan H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimChorthippus parallelus is one of the classic model systems for studying genetic structure and phylogeography in the Western Palaearctic. Here, we investigate the regional genetic differentiation of C. parallelus and evaluate the historical and evolutionary processes responsible for such genetic structuring, test the nature of the Turkish Straits system as a barrier to dispersal, and explore the contribution of Anatolian populations to the biodiversity of the Western Palaearctic.LocationWestern Palaearctic.MethodsWe incorporated sequence data from dense sampling of the phylogeographically important Anatolian region with both previous and newly obtained data of the nuclear fragment cpnl‐1 and the mitochondrial fragment COI–tRNALeu–COII. In total, 1049 sequences of cpnl‐1 from 33 regions were analysed to investigate the genetic diversity, genetic structuring and phylogeography of C. parallelus across its distributional range. The mtDNA region was additionally used to test whether the Turkish Straits system acts as a barrier.ResultsThe analyses revealed that not all southern refugial populations of C. parallelus have contributed equally to the post‐glacial recolonization of Europe. Four genetic clusters across the species' range were recovered: cluster A (eastern part of the Anatolian Diagonal); cluster B (western part of the Anatolian Diagonal); cluster C (Spain, Italy, southern Balkans, west part of Anatolia and Russia); and cluster D (covering the entire distributional range of the species). The Turkish Straits system has been a weak barrier to dispersal by C. parallelus, allowing gene flow from Anatolia to the Balkans.Main conclusionsThe current patterns of genetic structuring of C. parallelus were best explained by multiple expansion and contraction events. Anatolia has been well connected to the Balkans, contributing genetically to the establishment of central and northern European populations prior to the Holocene. The Anatolian refugium is suggested to be the centre of origin for Western Palaearctic C. parallelus diversity rather than a Balkan refugium.
Evolutionary patterns in the assembly of fern diversity on the oceanic Mascarene Islands
Authors: Hennequin Sabine , Kessler Michael , Lindsay Stuart , Schneider Harald 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo provide insights into the assembly and structure of biotic communities by exploring several processes of island biodiversity assembly: in situ speciation, immigration and ecological processes.LocationThe Mascarene Islands.MethodsThe phylogenetic relationships of 211 out of 232 Mascarene leptosporangiate fern species were reconstructed in relation to a global phylogeny of 400 leptosporangiate fern species to assess the importance of immigration versus in situ speciation and any deviation from randomness. Correlations between speciation and habit (terrestrial or epiphytic/lithophytic) were tested.ResultsWe inferred at least 197 colonization events onto the islands, accounting for > 80% of their leptosporangiate fern diversity. The phylogenetic structure of the assemblage of colonists was mostly overdispersed but aggregated at the tips of the phylogeny. Several families were more diverse on the islands than expected by their global richness. Among the 46 endemic species, up to 65% were inferred to have originated by cladogenesis, which in turn was found to be significantly related to a terrestrial habit.Main conclusionsImmigration has played a major role in the assembly of the fern flora on the Mascarene Islands. The overdispersion pattern supports the hypothesis of a dominant role of competitive interactions in the flora assembly, and we propose that most available niches were filled by species arriving via long‐distance dispersal, preventing further immigration of closely related taxa. The over‐representation of some families may reflect better colonization capacities, preadaptation to the Mascarene ecological niches, or ecological differentiation. Frequent colonization by long‐distance dispersal has probably hampered in situ speciation in some habitats such as the epiphytic realm. Conversely, cladogenetic speciation appears to occur more frequently in terrestrial habitats.
Endothelin‐1 increases the expression of VEGF‐R1/Flt‐1 receptors in rat cultured astrocytes through ETB receptors
Authors: Koyama Yutaka , Hayashi Mio , Nagae Ryuji , Tokuyama Shogo , Konishi Tomohiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractExpressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors in astrocytes are increased in damaged brains. To clarify the regulatory mechanisms of VEGF receptors, the effects of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) were examined in rat cultured astrocytes. Expressions of VEGF‐R1 and ‐R2 receptor mRNA were at similar levels, whereas the mRNA expressions of VEGF‐R3 and Tie‐2, a receptor for angiopoietins, were lower. Placenta growth factor, a selective agonist of the VEGF‐R1 receptor, induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Phosphorylations of FAK and ERK 1/2 were also stimulated by VEGF‐E, a selective VEGF‐R2 agonist. Increased phosphorylations of FAK and ERK1/2 by VEGF165 were reduced by selective antagonists for VEGF‐R1 and ‐R2. Treatment with ET‐1 increased VEGF‐R1 mRNA and protein levels. The effects of ET‐1 on VEGF‐R1 mRNA were mimicked by Ala1,3,11,15‐ET‐1, a selective agonist for ETB receptors, and inhibited by BQ788, an ETB antagonist. ET‐1 did not affect the mRNA levels of VEGF‐R2, ‐R3, and Tie‐2. Pre‐treatment with ET‐1 potentiated the effects of placenta growth factor on phosphorylations of FAK and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that ET‐1 induces up‐regulation of VEGF‐R1 receptors in astrocytes, and potentiates VEGF signals in damaged nerve tissues.image
To clarify the regulatory mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, the effects of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) were examined in rat cultured astrocytes. Effects of selective VEGF‐R1 and R2 agonist showed that these receptors were linked to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Treatment with ET‐1 increased expression of VEGF‐R1, which was mediated by ETB receptors. Pre‐treatment with ET‐1 potentiated the VEGF‐R1‐mediated activations of FAK and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that ET‐1 induces up‐regulation of VEGF‐R1 receptors in astrocytes.
X‐linked Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 1: stroke‐like presentation of a novel GJB1 mutation
Authors: Sagnelli Anna , Piscosquito Giuseppe , Chiapparini Luisa , Ciano Claudia , Salsano Ettore , Saveri Paola , Milani Micaela , Taroni Franco , Pareyson Davide 
Published: May 2014

AbstractX‐linked Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 1 (CMTX1) is the second most common type of CMT and is caused by mutations in the Gap‐Junction Beta‐1 gene (GJB1), encoding connexin 32 which is expressed in Schwann cells as well as in oligodendrocytes. More than 400 GJB1 mutations have been described to date. Many mutation‐carrier males have subclinical central nervous system (CNS) involvement, a few show mild CNS clinical signs, whereas only rarely overt though transient CNS dysfunction occurs. We report a 29‐year‐old man with CMTX1 who, at 16 years, showed short‐lived CNS symptoms with transitory white matter abnormalities on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as first clinical presentation of a novel GJB1 mutation (p.Gln99_His100insGln). He had three consecutive episodes of right hemiparesis, together with sensory loss in the paretic limbs and expressive aphasia, all lasting a few hours, over a 2‐day period, with concurrent white matter hyperintensity on MRI. These “stroke‐like” episodes occurred just after arriving at sea level, after travelling from home at 700 m of altitude. Only a few years later did symptoms of peripheral neuropathy appear. In conclusion, CMTX1 should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases characterized by transient CNS symptoms and white matter abnormalities on MRI.
Celebrating Organization Theory: The After‐Party
Authors: Davis Gerald F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOrganization and management theory as a field faces criticisms from several scholars that it has an unhealthy obsession with ‘theory’, while at the same time seeing very little cumulative theoretical progress. Some have even accused the field of being mired in the 1970s. Lounsbury and Beckman counter with an expansive review of several thriving domains of contemporary organizational research that demonstrate the theoretical vibrancy of the field. This article responds by seeking to define ‘theoretical progress’ in ways that extend beyond just the volume of articles produced. It finds that 1970s‐era classics have seen a surge of citations since the turn of the twenty‐first century, consistent with a view of limited progress. It concludes by outlining three areas of problem‐driven research eminently worthy of attention from organizational researchers.
Recommended standards for dental therapy education programs in the United States: a summary of critical issues
Authors: Licari Frank W. , Evans Caswell A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDental therapy is an accepted component of the dental profession in the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium and in the state of Minnesota. There are also several states working to enact legislation to permit the practice of dental therapy. However, in the absence of nationally recognized educational standards, concerns have been raised relating to the lack of uniformity in dental therapy education. In 2010, a panel of academicians met and prepared a report on the principles, competencies, and curriculum for educating dental therapists. Still, there remained questions in regard to what the minimal educational standards should be for institutions that wish to sponsor dental therapy programs. A second panel was convened to address education standards. This paper describes the Panel's deliberations on three critical issues in developing the report: the length of the program and degree to be awarded; credentials of the program director; and the nature of supervision.
Hypoglycin A Concentrations in Seeds of Acer Pseudoplatanus Trees Growing on Atypical Myopathy‐Affected and Control Pastures
Authors: Unger L. , Nicholson A. , Jewitt E.M. , Gerber V. , Hegeman A. , Sweetman L. , Valberg S. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundHypoglycin A, found in seeds of Acer negundo, appears to cause seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM) in North America and is implicated in atypical myopathy (AM) in Europe. Acer negundo is uncommon in Europe. Thus, the potential source of hypoglycin A in Europe is unknown.Hypothesis and ObjectivesWe hypothesized that seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus were the source of hypoglycin A in Europe. Our objective was to determine the concentration of hypoglycin A in seeds of A. pseudoplatanus trees located in pastures where previous cases of AM had occurred.AnimalsNone.MethodsUniversity of Berne records were searched to retrospectively identify 6 farms with 10 AM cases and 11 suspected AM deaths between 2007 and 2011. During October 2012, A. pseudoplatanus seeds were collected from 2 to 6 trees per pasture on 6 AM farms (7 pastures) from trees in or close to 2 pastures on 2 control farms where AM had not been previously reported. Hypoglycin A in seeds was analyzed by GC–MS.ResultsAcer pseudoplatanus trees were identified on all AM pastures. Hypoglycin A was detected in all A. pseudoplatanus seeds in highly variable concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 2.81 μg/mg (mean 0.69) on AM farms and 0.10 to 9.12 μg/mg (mean 1.59) on control farms.Conclusion and Clinical ImportancePreventing horses from grazing pastures containing A. pseudoplatanus seeds during late fall and early spring might be the best means to prevent AM.
Cryptic diversity hides host and habitat specialization in a gorgonian‐algal symbiosis
Authors: Prada Carlos , McIlroy Shelby E. , Beltrán Diana M. , Valint Daniel J. , Ford Scott A. , Hellberg Michael E. , Coffroth Mary Alice 
Published: May 2014

AbstractShallow water anthozoans, the major builders of modern coral reefs, enhance their metabolic and calcification rates with algal symbionts. Controversy exists over whether these anthozoan–algae associations are flexible over the lifetimes of individual hosts, promoting acclimative plasticity, or are closely linked, such that hosts and symbionts co‐evolve across generations. Given the diversity of algal symbionts and the morphological plasticity of many host species, cryptic variation within either partner could potentially confound studies of anthozoan‐algal associations. Here, we used ribosomal, organelle and nuclear sequences, along with microsatellite variation, to study the relationship between lineages of a common Caribbean gorgonian and its algal symbionts. The gorgonian Eunicea flexuosa is a broadcast spawner, composed of two recently diverged, genetically distinct lineages largely segregated by depth. We sampled colonies of the two lineages across depth gradients at three Caribbean locations. We find that each host lineage is associated with a unique Symbiodinium B1/184 phylotype. This relationship between host and symbiont is maintained when host colonies are reciprocally transplanted, although cases of within phylotype switching were also observed. Even when the phylotypes of both partners are present at intermediate depths, the specificity between host and symbiont lineages remained absolute. Unrecognized cryptic diversity may mask host‐symbiont specificity and change the inference of evolutionary processes in mutualistic associations. Symbiotic specificity thus likely contributes to the ecological divergence of the two partners, generating species diversity within coral reefs.
Learning, support and communication for staff in care homes: outcomes of reflective debriefing groups in two care homes to enhance end‐of‐life care
Authors: Hockley Jo 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundNursing care homes are increasingly the place where frail older people die. However, training in end‐of‐life care is not statutory.Aims and objectivesTo develop strategies to promote quality end‐of‐life care in nursing care homes.DesignAction research was used to work collaboratively with the managers and staff in two nursing care homes to develop end‐of‐life care.MethodsThere were three overarching phases: an exploratory phase, feedback/planning of actions and a summative evaluation. Two main actions were inductively derived. One of the actions, reflective debriefing groups following a resident's death, is reported.ResultsTen reflective debriefing groups, led by the researcher (a specialist palliative care nurse), were undertaken. The groups facilitated learning at three different levels (being taught, developing understanding and critical thinking) and enabled staff to feel supported and valued.Implications for practiceThe use of reflective debriefing groups is a useful mechanism to support experience‐based learning about death/dying in care homes.
First branchial cleft fistula: case report and literature review
Authors: Abo‐Alhassan F. , Faras F. , Hussain A.H. , Bastaki J. , Al‐Terki A.E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFirst branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital malformations of the head and neck region. These anomalies account for less than 1% of all branchial anomalies. They are frequently misdiagnosed and hence mismanaged. The lesions are variable in presentation and course, making radiographic imaging techniques such as computed tomographic fistulography and magnetic resonance imaging the best first step in managing such cases. We present a 17‐year‐old Caucasian female who had a first branchial cleft fistula communicating between the right external auditory canal and the angle of the mandible. Surgical exploration revealed a completely subcutaneous tract not involving the parotid gland parenchyma, which makes this case even more significant.
Determinants of Falls in Community‐Dwelling Elderly: Hierarchical Analysis
Authors: Brito Thais Alves , Coqueiro Raildo da Silva , Fernandes Marcos Henrique , de Jesus Cleber Souza 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the fall‐related factors in community‐dwelling elderly.Design and SampleEpidemiologic cross‐sectional population‐based household study with hierarchical interrelationships among the potential risk factors. The sample was made up of noninstitutionalized individuals over age 60, who were resident of a city in Brazil's Northeast Region.MeasuresThe dependent variable was fall occurrence in the last 12 months; independent variables were sociodemographic, behavioral, health, and functional status factors. Multivariate hierarchical Poisson regression analysis was used based on a proposed theoretic model.ResultsThree hundred and sixteen (89.0%) elderly participated of the survey, average age 74.2 years; the majority was female, with limited literacy and had low‐medium family income. The fall prevalence was of 25.8%; occurrence was related to depression symptoms (PR = 1.55) and balance limitation (PR = 1.56).ConclusionsThe high fall prevalence among elderly necessitates the identification of fall‐related factors for action planning prevention programs with this group.
Intrinsic Causation in Humean Supervenience
Authors: Kodaj Daniel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe paper investigates whether causation is extrinsic in Humean Supervenience (HS) in the sense that being caused by is an intrinsic relation between token causes and effects. The underlying goal is to test whether causality is extrinsic for Humeans and intrinsic for anti‐Humeans in this sense. I argue that causation is typically extrinsic in HS, but it is intrinsic to event pairs that collectively exhaust almost the whole of history.
Extensive human suffering: a point prevalence survey of patients' most distressing concerns during inpatient care
Authors: Fridh Isabell , Kenne Sarenmalm Elisabeth , Falk Kristin , Henoch Ingela , Öhlén Joakim , Ozanne Anneli , Jakobsson Ung Eva 
Published: May 2014

AimTo explore patients' most distressing concerns during a hospital stay.BackgroundThe characteristics of hospitalised patients have changed. Care is provided at a higher age, lengths of stay have fallen and the nursing workload is increasing. It is presumed that hospitalised patients are more seriously ill and have more palliative needs than previously. Studies show that inpatients suffer from more distress than similar outpatients although there is a lack of overall knowledge about inpatients' distress and major concerns, regardless of age, diagnosis or care setting.MethodsThis study was part of a point prevalence survey (PPS) concerning symptom prevalence. Of the 710 patients who participated in the PPS, 678 (95%) answered an open‐ended question in a questionnaire: What is your main concern or what is most distressing or troublesome for you at present? Using a life‐world approach, the text was analysed qualitatively and patients' concerns were interpreted in two main dimensions, an intersubjective dimension and a temporal dimension.FindingsThe patients reported extensive suffering due to illness, symptoms and failing health. Patients were concerned about family members, existential issues and the future. Three aspects of the patients' most distressing concerns were interpreted: The suffering self, The suffering person in close relations and The suffering person in a threatening world.ConclusionHospitalised patients are affected by severe illness, distressing symptoms and existential quandaries, revealing extensive human suffering in the midst of the demanding activities that take place during an ordinary day in a hospital. To support patients and alleviate suffering, hospital staff need to be more sensitive to patients' most distressing concerns. This presupposes a hospital environment in which the value system supports caring and comforting behaviour.
Anatomy of falling‐stage deltas in the Turonian Ferron Sandstone of the western Henry Mountains Syncline, Utah: Growth faults, slope failures and mass transport complexes
Authors: Fielding Christopher R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFalling‐stage deltas are predicted by sequence stratigraphic models, yet few reliable criteria are available to diagnose falling‐stage deltaic systems in surface exposures. Recent work on the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Ferron Sandstone in the western Henry Mountains Syncline of south‐central Utah has established its environment of deposition as a series of modest‐sized (5 to 20 km wide), probably asymmetrical, mixed‐influence deltas (‘Ferron Notom Delta’) that dispersed sediment eastwards from the rising Sevier orogenic hinterland into the Western Cordilleran Foreland Basin. Analysis of sandstone body stacking patterns in a 67 km long, depositional strike‐parallel (north–south) transect indicates that the growth of successive deltas was strongly forced by synsedimentary growth of a long wavelength (ca 100 km), 50 m amplitude fold structure. Herein, two discrete areas within this transect, superbly exposed in three dimensions, are documented in order to determine the details of stratal stacking patterns in the depositional dip direction, and thereby to assess the stratigraphic context of the Ferron Notom Delta. In the two study areas, dip transects expose facies representing river mouth bar to distal delta front environments over distances of 2 to 4 km. Key stratal packages are clinothems that offlap, downlap, and describe descending regressive trajectories with respective to basal and top datums; they are interpreted as the product of relative sea‐level fall. The vertical extent of clinoforms suggests that deltas prograded into <30 m of water. Furthermore, these deltaic successions preserve abundant evidence of delta front slope failure, growth faulting, and incision and filling of deep (<15 m) slope gullies. Gully fills are composed of chaotic intraformational breccia and/or massive sandstone, and constitute linear, ‘shoestring’ sandbodies in the distal portions of individual palaeodelta systems. They are interpreted to have been cut and filled during the late falling‐stage and lowstand of relative sea‐level cycles. The north–south distribution of the stratal style described above seems to be focused on the flanks of the growth anticline, and so the numerous falling‐stage systems tracts preserved within the Ferron Notom Delta probably owe their origin to synsedimentary structural growth, and the unstable fluid pressure regime that this growth imposed on the sea floor and shallow subsurface.