bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of HT- BP Neural Network System for the Identification of Well Test Interpretation Model
Authors: Sung W. , Yoo I. , Ra S. , Park H. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The neural network technique that is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) has proved to be a good model classifier in all areas of engineering and especially, it has gained a considerable acceptance in well test interpretation model (WTIM) identification of petroleum engineering. Conventionally, identification of the WTIM has been approached by graphical analysis method that requires an experienced expert. Recently, neural network technique equipped with back propagation (BP) learning algorithm was presented and it differs from the AI technique such as symbolic approach that must be accompanied with the data preparation procedures such as smoothing, segmenting, and symbolic transformation. The BP approach is able to identify the model with incomplete or distorted data without data preparation procedures. However, this approach uses partial set of data to reduce computing time and memory, and may miss the points representing the characteristics of the shape. The resulting identified model would not be correct and this requires sequential neural nets to get the correct model.
In this paper, we developed BP neural network with Hough transform (HT) technique to over-come data selection problem and to use single neural network rather sequential nets. The Hough transform method was proved to be a powerful tool for the shape detection in image processing and computer vision technologies.
With the aid of a HT method applied in this work, we can extract one simple pattern from the full set of data of pressure derivative type curve (PDTC) containing noisy and extraneous points. By using extracted simple pattern from HT method, we can then minimize number of data points when BP neural network is performed for the identification process.
Along these lines, a number of exercises were conducted with the actual well test data in two steps. First, the newly developed AI model, namely, ANNIS (Artificial intelligence Neural Network Identification System) was utilized to identify WTIM. Secondly, we obtained reservoir characteristics with the well test model equipped with modified Levenberg-Marquart method. The results show that ANNIS was proved to be quite reliable model for the data having noisy, miss-ing, and extraneous points. They also demon-strate that reservoir parameters were successfu1ly estimated.
State-Of-The-Art in Permeability Determination From Well Log Data: Part 1- A Comparative Study, Model Development
Authors: Balan B. , Mohaghegh S. , Ameri S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This study discusses and compares, from a practical point of view, three different approaches for permeability determination from logs. These are empirical, statistical, and the recently introduced "virtual measurement" methods. They respectively make use of empirically determined models, multiple variable regression, and artificial neural networks. All three methods are applied to well log data from a heterogeneous formation and the results are compared with core permeability, which is considered to be the standard.
In this first part of the paper we present only the model development phase in which we are testing the capability of each method to match the presented data. Based on this, the best two methods are to be analyzed in tenns of prediction performance in the second part of this paper
Audit Fees and Client Industry Homogeneity
Authors: Cairney Timothy D. , Stewart Errol G. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY
This study examines the relationship between a client industry's homogeneity and audit fees. We assume that audit efficiencies occur in audits in industries whose members have similar operations and, therefore, are where auditors benefit from the use of similar audit procedures and experience lower average audit costs. To identify industries with similar operations, we use operational expense homogeneity, which is based on the correlations between the changes in operating expenses among industry members. Adapting a standard fee model (Hay, Knechel, and Wong 2006), we find that homogeneity is negatively associated with audit fees. Further, we find that specialist auditors charge lower fees in homogenous industries. Finally, we observe a lower standard deviation of fees in more homogenous industries. Together, these results suggest that auditors sustain lower costs in audits of homogenous clients and that the similarly lower costs incurred across auditors are passed on to clients in the form of lower fees.
Data Availability: Data used in this paper are available from the sources listed in the paper.
Running Droplet Optical Multiplexer
Authors: Brandhoff Lukas , Akhtar Mahmuda , Bülters Mike , Bergmann Ralf B. , Vellekoop Michael J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe present an optofluidic device for switching light from multiple inputs to one common output. The device uses a microfluidic channel filled with high index of refraction oil as a waveguide, and moves low refractive index interruptions in the form of aqueous droplets through the channel. Whenever a droplet passes one of the optical inputs, this specific input is switched through to the output. This produces a running switching of one output following the other creating a 8x1 multiplexer.
Dimethylfumarate alleviates early brain injury and secondary cognitive deficits after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via activation of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system
Authors: Liu Yizhi , Qiu Jiaoxue , Wang Zhong , You Wanchun , Wu Lingyun , Ji Chengyuan , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response are thought to promote brain damage in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous reports have shown that dimethylfumarate (DMF) can activate the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2–antioxidant-responsive element (Keap1-Nrf2-ARE) system in vivo and in vitro, which leads to the downregulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of DMF on SAH-induced brain injury in rats.

METHODS
Rats were subjected to SAH by the injection of 300 μl of autologous blood into the chiasmatic cistern. Rats in a DMF-treated group were given 15 mg/kg DMF twice daily by oral gavage for 2 days after the onset of SAH. Cortical apoptosis, neural necrosis, brain edema, blood-brain barrier impairment, learning deficits, and changes in the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway were assessed.

RESULTS
Administration of DMF significantly ameliorated the early brain injury and learning deficits induced by SAH in this animal model. Treatment with DMF markedly upregulated the expressions of agents related to Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling after SAH. The inflammatory response and oxidative stress were downregulated by DMF therapy.

CONCLUSIONS
DMF administration resulted in abatement of the development of early brain injury and cognitive dysfunction in this prechiasmatic cistern SAH model. This result was probably mediated by the effect of DMF on the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system.
Intraoperative radiotherapy to treat newly diagnosed solitary brain metastasis: initial experience and long-term outcomes
Authors: Weil Robert J. , Mavinkurve Gaurav G. , Chao Samuel T. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Suh John H. , Kolar Matthew , Toms Steven A. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
The authors assessed the feasibility of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) using a portable radiation source to treat newly diagnosed, surgically resected, solitary brain metastasis (BrM).

METHODS
In a nonrandomized prospective study, 23 patients with histologically confirmed BrM were treated with an Intrabeam device that delivered 14 Gy to a 2-mm depth to the resection cavity during surgery.

RESULTS
In a 5-year minimum follow-up period, progression-free survival from the time of surgery with simultaneous IORT averaged (± SD) 22 ± 33 months (range 1–96 months), with survival from the time of BrM treatment with surgery+IORT of 30 ± 32 months (range 1–96 months) and overall survival from the time of first cancer diagnosis of 71 ± 64 months (range 4–197 months). For the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA), patients with a score of 1.5–2.0 (n = 12) had an average posttreatment survival of 21 ± 26 months (range 1–96 months), those with a score of 2.5–3.0 (n = 7) had an average posttreatment survival of 52 ± 40 months (range 5–94 months), and those with a score of 3.5–4.0 (n = 4) had an average posttreatment survival of 17 ± 12 months (range 4–28 months). A BrM at the treatment site recurred in 7 patients 9 ± 6 months posttreatment, and 5 patients had new but distant BrM 17 ± 3 months after surgery+IORT. Six patients later received whole-brain radiation therapy, 7 patients received radiosurgery, and 2 patients received both treatments. The median Karnofsky Performance Scale scores before and 1 and 3 months after surgery were 80, 90, and 90, respectively; at the time of this writing, 3 patients remain alive with a CNS progression-free survival of > 90 months without additional BrM treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of resection combined with IORT at a dose of 14 Gy to a 2-mm peripheral margin to treat a solitary BrM. Local control, distant control, and long-term survival were comparable to those of other commonly used modalities. Surgery combined with IORT seems to be a potential adjunct to patient treatment for CNS involvement by systemic cancer.
Publication productivity of neurosurgeons in Great Britain and Ireland
Authors: Wilkes Fiona A. , Akram Harith , Hyam Jonathan A. , Kitchen Neil D. , Hariz Marwan I. , Zrinzo Ludvic 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
Bibliometrics are the methods used to quantitatively analyze scientific literature. In this study, bibliometrics were used to quantify the scientific output of neurosurgical departments throughout Great Britain and Ireland.

METHODS
A list of neurosurgical departments was obtained from the Society of British Neurological Surgeons website. Individual departments were contacted for an up-to-date list of consultant (attending) neurosurgeons practicing in these departments. Scopus was used to determine the h-index and m-quotient for each neurosurgeon. Indices were measured by surgeon and by departmental mean and total. Additional information was collected about the surgeon's sex, title, listed superspecialties, higher research degrees, and year of medical qualification.

RESULTS
Data were analyzed for 315 neurosurgeons (25 female). The median h-index and m-quotient were 6.00 and 0.41, respectively. These were significantly higher for professors (h-index 21.50; m-quotient 0.71) and for those with an additional MD or PhD (11.0; 0.57). There was no significant difference in h-index, m-quotient, or higher research degrees between the sexes. However, none of the 16 British neurosurgery professors were female. Neurosurgeons who specialized in functional/epilepsy surgery ranked highest in terms of publication productivity. The 5 top-scoring departments were those in Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge; St. George's Hospital, London; Great Ormond Street Hospital, London; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London; and John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.

CONCLUSIONS
The h-index is a useful bibliometric marker, particularly when comparing between studies and individuals. The m-quotient reduces bias toward established researchers. British academic neurosurgeons face considerable challenges, and women remain underrepresented in both clinical and academic neurosurgery in Britain and Ireland.
Genetic basis for a rare floral mutant in an Andean species of Solanaceae
Authors: Coburn Rachel A. , Griffin Randi H. , Smith Stacey D. 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: White forms of typically pigmented flowers are one of the most common polymorphisms in flowering plants. Although the range of genetic changes that give rise to white phenotypes is well known from model systems, few studies have identified causative mutations in natural populations.• Methods: Here we combine genetic studies, in vitro enzyme assays, and biochemical analyses to identify the mechanism underlying the loss of anthocyanin pigment production in the naturally occurring white‐flowered morph of Iochroma calycinum (Solanaceae).• Key results: Comparison of anthocyanin gene sequences revealed a putative loss‐of‐function mutation, an 11 amino‐acid deletion in dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase (DFR), in the white morph. Functional assays of Dfr alleles from blue and white morphs demonstrated that this deletion results in a loss of enzymatic activity, indicating that the deletion could be solely responsible for the lack of pigment production. Consistent with this hypothesis, quantitative PCR showed no significant differences in expression of anthocyanin genes between the morphs. Also, thin layer chromatography confirmed that the white morph continues to accumulate compounds upstream of the DFR enzyme.• Conclusions: Collectively, these experiments indicate that the structural mutation at Dfr underlies the rare white flower morph of I. calycinum. This study is one of only a few examples where a flower color polymorphism is due to a loss‐of‐function mutation in the coding region of an anthocyanin enzyme. The rarity of such mutations in nature suggests that negative consequences prevent fixation across populations.
Les Balkans en quête d'un nouveau souffle : le Sud-Est européen au révélateur des enjeux énergétiques
Authors: Dorlhiac Renaud 
Published: January 2015

La nécessité pour l’Europe occidentale de se doter de nouvelles voies d’approvisionnement énergétique conférera dans les prochaines années une place stratégique aux Balkans. Les pays concernés par les projets promus dans le cadre du « corridor sud » entendent profiter de ce rôle en matière de transit pour relancer des économies durement touchées par la crise financière et alléger leur dépendance énergétique, en attendant de développer leur potentiel propre encore sous-exploité, notamment dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables. Mais les États balkaniques entendent également saisir cette opportunité pour revaloriser leur poids sur la scène internationale et affirmer leur suprématie régionale. Ces enjeux politiques poussent la plupart d’entre eux à régler (ou minimiser) certains différends bilatéraux avec leurs voisins. Ils les amènent aussi à élargir leurs partenariats au-delà du continent européen afin de s’affranchir d’une relation de plus en plus conflictuelle entre l’Union européenne et la Russie.
La géopolitique indienne de l'énergie
Authors: Racine Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2015

Dans sa course à la puissance, l’Inde doit résoudre le défi de sa sécurité énergétique. Dépendant de plus en plus des importations de pétrole, de gaz, de charbon et d’uranium, elle doit résoudre des problèmes de coût, mais aussi d’approvisionnement dans un contexte difficile, aussi bien dans son voisinage proche que dans son voisinage étendu. La géopolitique indienne de l’énergie est ainsi partie prenante aussi bien de la diplomatie économique que de la « grande stratégie » d’un pays émergent devant consolider les bases de sa puissance. À cet égard, la quête de la sécurité énergétique illustre de façon significative les nouvelles géométries de l’ordre mondial, où compétition et coopération sont de règle entre acteurs inégaux, mais incontournables.
Les ethnothéories de l'éducation, quel accord entre parents migrants et enseignantes ?
Authors: Conus Xavier , Ogay Tania 
Published: January 2015

En prologue à une recherche portant sur la construction de la relation familles-école au moment de l’entrée à l’école, nous présentons ici les résultats d’une recherche préliminaire, descriptive et quantitative, dont l’objectif est de comparer parents migrants et enseignants du point de vue de leurs conceptions (ou « ethnothéories » selon le modèle de la niche développementale) de l’éducation et du développement de l’enfant. L’enquête a été réalisée au moyen d’un questionnaire auquel ont répondu 31 enseignantes de l’école enfantine, 27 parents migrants portugais et 22 parents migrants africains, tous résidant à Fribourg (Suisse). Si les résultats témoignent de différences intergroupes, ils montrent surtout une divergence entre les parents et les enseignantes, ce qui interroge par rapport à une relation de partenariat souvent présentée comme allant de soi.
L'émergence des pratiques de tutorat dans l'accompagnement des bénévoles en centre social : offres de professionnalisation et dynamiques identitaires associées
Authors: Bourgoin Florence 
Published: January 2015

Les centres sociaux ont développé une formalisation de l’engagement bénévole qui s’accompagne d’une logique de formation, notamment via les stages de leur fédération. Les centres développent aussi des pratiques d’accompagnement des bénévoles qui s’apparentent à des démarches de « professionnalisation » sous la responsabilité d’un tuteur ; ces pratiques sont parfois complétées par des formations en interne. En quoi ces dispositifs d’accompagnement participent-ils d’une logique de professionnalisation et permettent-ils d’en articuler les dynamiques individuelles (notamment identitaires) et institutionnelles ?
FUEL Your Life: A Translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program to Worksites
Authors: Wilson Mark G. , DeJoy David M. , Vandenberg Robert , Padilla Heather , Davis Marsha 
Published: January 2015

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of FUEL Your Life, a translation of the Diabetes Prevention Program for worksites. Design. A randomized control group design was conducted in five worksites of a large transportation company. Measures were collected pretest, posttest (6 months), and follow-up (12 months). Setting. Railroad maintenance facilities of Union Pacific Railroad. Subjects. Participants consisted of 362 workers (227 treatment, 135 control). Intervention. FUEL Your Life was translated from the Diabetes Prevention Program to better fit within the context of the worksite. The primary difference was the use of peer health coaches to provide social support and reinforcement and an occupational nurse to provide lesson content (six sessions of 10 minutes) to participants instead of the lifestyle coaches employed by the Diabetes Prevention Program, resulting in a less structured meeting schedule. Measures. The primary outcomes were weight and body mass index (BMI), with secondary outcomes including eating behaviors, physical activity, and social support. Analysis. Latent growth modeling was used to measure changes in the outcomes over time. Results. Participants in the intervention group maintained weight/BMI (–.1 pounds/–.1 BMI), whereas the control participants gained weight/BMI (+2.6 pounds/+.3 BMI), resulting in a statistically significant difference between groups. Fifty-five percent of intervention participants lost some weight, whereas only 35% of the control group lost weight. Conclusions. FUEL Your Life, a low intensity intervention, was not effective for promoting weight loss, but was effective for helping workers maintain weight over a 12-month period.
Environmental Correlates of Recreational Walking in the Neighborhood
Authors: Nehme Eileen K. , Oluyomi Abiodun O. , Calise Tamara Vehige , Kohl Harold W. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose. To assess environmental correlates of neighborhood recreational walking. Design. The study used a cross-sectional survey. Setting. The study was conducted in the local community. Subjects. Participants were adults who recently relocated and walk for recreation in their current neighborhood. Measures. The outcome measure was participant-reported neighborhood recreational walking in participants' prior neighborhood. Exposure measures were (1) participant-reported social and environmental characteristics of the prior neighborhood and (2) geographic information system–derived environmental characteristics assessed within a buffer around participant's prior address. Analysis. Participants reporting current neighborhood recreational walking (n = 231) were characterized by whether they walked for recreation in their prior neighborhood. Associations between neighborhood characteristics and neighborhood recreational walking were assessed using logistic regression. Results. Neighborhood recreational walking was associated with perceptions of the presence of recreational facilities (odds ratio [OR] = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–4.84), interesting things to see (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.46–5.45), and others being active (OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.80–7.05), and was inversely associated with concerns about crime (OR= .40, 95% CI= .20–.77) and traffic (OR = .43, 95% CI = .22–.87). This behavior was associated with objectively measured presence of walking trails (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.07–4.46), percentage of street length with speed limits ≤25 mph (OR= 1.31 for 10% increase, 95% CI= 1.08–1.61), and percentage of tree canopy coverage (OR= 1.55 for 10% increase, 95% CI = 1.12–2.14). Conclusion. Recreational walking may be influenced by environmental factors that support a safe, enjoyable, and social experience, attributes that are not necessarily prioritized in transportation walking. Outcome and exposure specificity are important when studying recreational walking.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Storytelling Compared to a Personal Risk Tool Intervention on Colorectal Cancer Screening in Low-Income Patients
Authors: Larkey Linda K. , McClain Darya , Roe Denise J. , Hector Richard D. , Lopez Ana Maria , Sillanpaa Brian , Gonzalez Julie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose. Screening rates for colorectal cancer (CRC) lag for low-income, minority populations, contributing to poorer survival rates. A model of storytelling as culture-centric health promotion was tested for promoting CRC screening. Design. A two-group parallel randomized controlled trial. Setting. Primary care, safety-net clinics. Subjects. Low-income patients due for CRC screening, ages 50 to 75 years, speaking English or Spanish. Intervention. Patients were exposed to either a video created from personal stories composited into a drama about “Papa” receiving CRC screening, or an instrument estimating level of personal cancer risk. Patients received a health care provider referral for CRC screening and were followed up for 3 months to document adherence. Measures. Behavioral factors related to the narrative model (identification and engagement) and theory of planned behavior. Analysis. Main effects of the interventions on screening were tested, controlling for attrition factors, and demographic factor associations were assessed. Path analysis with model variables was used to test the direct effects and multiple mediator models. Results. Main effects on CRC screening (roughly half stool-based tests, half colonoscopy) did not indicate significant differences (37% and 42% screened for storytelling and risk-based messages, respectively; n = 539; 33.6% male; 62 % Hispanic). Factors positively associated with CRC screening included being female, Hispanic, married or living with a partner, speaking Spanish, having a primary care provider, lower income, and no health insurance. Engagement, working through positive attitudes toward the behavior, predicted CRC screening. Conclusion. A storytelling and a personalized risk-tool intervention achieved similar levels of screening among unscreened/underscreened, low-income patients. Factors usually associated with lower rates of screening (e.g., no insurance, being Hispanic) were related to more adherence. Both interventions' engagement factor facilitated positive attitudes about CRC screening associated with behavior change.