bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condition Assessment of Fire-Affected RC Slab Via GPR Signal Reflections Analysis and Visual Inspection Method
Authors: F.Senin S. , Azilawati Abu Talaha Nor , Hamid R. 
Published: July 2024

This study aims to assess the condition of a fire-damaged building for recommendation of repair works. The Institute of Medical Research (IMR) building, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was damaged by fire in April 2011.Visual inspection (VI) is the normal assessment method, but for more accurate results, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signal reflections analysis is employed. The defects analyzed are cracks and delamination of the affected area which was the reinforced concrete (RC) slab at level 3, location where the fire had started. The results obtained using GPR and visual inspection were compared. The area where cracks were detected visually was confirmed by results from the GPR signal reflections analysis but visually, only 28% of the slab area showed delamination defect. When checked with GPR, the area of delamination was actually 56 % of the slab area. Cracks and delamination damage mapping was prepared in order to help facilitate repair works. This result shows that Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) signal reflections analysis had detected delamination in RC slab where normal visual inspection failed to detect.Â Â Â
Effect of Thermally Activated Alum Sludge Ash and Nanoclay on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Mortars
Authors: Ahmad R. , Hamid R. , A. Osman S. 
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the effect of thermally activated alum sludge ash (AASA) and nanoclay (NC) inclusion at various proportions on the mechanical properties and microstructure of kenaf fiber (KF) blended cementitious composites (KFRBCC). The first objective is to establish a blended cementitious (BC) composite with high mechanical strength. The BC materials used in this investigation comprises of various proportions of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), AASA and NC. Next, the influence of AASA and NC proportions on the properties of KFRBCC such as density and compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths, and microstructure are studied. The results show that the inclusion of AASA and NC improve the mechanical properties of the cementitious composite compared to all OPC mortar with or without KF. The enhancement in compressive strength is 50%, whereas the enhancement in split tensile and flexural strengths are 5.4% and 15%, respectively at optimum content of AASA and NC of 50 wt. % and 1 wt. %, respectively. The results also reveal that the microstructure of the composites is denser due to filler effect where the uniformly dispersed AASA and NC nano-particles had filled the voids/pores in the matrix compared to control specimens. AASA is proved to be benificial as one of cementitious replacement materials and its applicability as cement replacement in concrete should be explored further.Â Â
Identification of Bacterial Community in Wastewater and Their Kinetic Growth in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: M. Zain S. , A. Naa T. , Suja F. , A. Zahaimi N. , N. Baskharan A. 
Published: July 2024

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an alternative energy system comprise of bio-electrochemical reactor with wastewater as raw material and electrochemically active microorganisms as the main biocatalyst that utilize and convert chemical energy within organic matters to electrical energy. Sequence analysis by BLAST indicated that five species existed which were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogenes, Leucobacter luti and Bacillus cereus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter aerogenes are biofilm and exoelectrogens that responsible to generate electricity in the MFC for both aerated or with the addition of ferricyanide. However, Leucobacter luti and Bacillus cereus are also among the suspended growth bacteria that can be found in the MFC reactor. As for the rate of removal of COD, it showed that with aerated cathode, the COD removal rate was 51.30 % while with the addition of ferricyanide in the cathode showed a COD removal rate of 93 %. The highest voltage generated by the additional of ferricyanide was 0.841 V while for the aerated cathode, the highest voltage of 0.589 V has been generated. As for the kinetic growth of the bacteria, specific maximum growth rate, Î¼net of the biomass was 0.003 h-1 and 0.004 h-1 for biofilm in the aerated tank while with the addition of ferricyanide, Î¼net for biomass was 0.002 h-1 and 0.001 h-1 for biofilm. Yield growth, Y for biomass in the aerated tank had the highest growth which was 2.035 g.cell/g.substrate while biofilm only had limited growth of 0.1213 g.cell/g.substrate. As for the addition of ferricyanide, Y for biomass was 1.206 g.cell/g.substrate and 0.3268 g.cell/g.substrate for biofilm.Â Â
Level of Knowledge, Apprehension and Readiness of Food Waste Segregation in the Cafeterias
Authors: S. A. Rahman N. , A. Zahidi S. , M. Zain S. , E. A. Basri N 
Published: July 2024

In recent years, increased in food waste generation has affected the environment due to the lack of awareness among consumers. A need for assessment by surveying was performed at UKM Bangi campus to determine the level of knowledge, apprehension, and readiness in food waste segregation aspect in the cafeteria among residents. The survey result will determine whether sustainable cafeteria programme should be implemented to increase awareness.Â The questionnaire was designed as a tool to collect data from 300 residents in UKM Bangi campus. The collected data was analysed using the Rasch model and Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW). Results of the assessment show that most of the residents have more knowledge on hygiene in the cafeteria associated with waste management instead of having concern and willingness to separate food wastes in the cafeteria as a way of managing wastes properly. As a conclusion, sustainable cafeteria programme should be executed to increase the level of readiness and apprehension of residents towards food waste segregation in the cafeteria.Â Â
The Strength Index of Short and Slender Circular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Hana Hasnan Nurul , Hamid Roszilah , Aminah Osman Siti 
Published: July 2024

The factors affecting the sectional capacity, also known as strength index (SI) of concrete-filled steel tube columns (CFSTC) are, among others, type of cross-section and slenderness ratio (L/D). This study is to determine the effects of slenderness ratio of short (L/D Â 3.4) and slender (L/D Â 10) circular CFSTC on the SI. Concentric load tests were conducted to determine the ultimate strength (Nue) of ten circular sections of short and slender CFSTC with ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC) and pozzolan concrete (PC) infills. The SI are determined using several design codes. Results show that the SI for short CFSTC is higher than the slender for circular section. This is because of the effect of the L/D of short and slender CFSTC circular section. It shows that the composite action between steel tube and core concrete for short is more efficient than slender circular columns. The results also show that similar compressive strength concrete (fcu) infills, either comprises of OPCC or PC do not affect the the SI values. Different design codes provide different concrete confinement safety coefficients thus the difference in the SI values. AISC (LRFD) provides the highest SI for both short and slender CFSTC. Whereas, EC4 and AS5100.6 provide the lowest SI for short and AIJ provides lowest SI for slender circular sections. The lowest calculated values of SI show the most efficient design of composite column.Â Â Â
Development of A Physical Simulation Game in Global Supply Chain Issues
Authors: Hafizah Hamka Farah , Saibani Nizaroyani , Nizam Ab Rahman Mohd , Harun Zambri , Hishamuddin Hawa 
Published: July 2024

Development of a physical simulation game is an interactive method that can be used in the theoretical understanding of the global supply chain management, for academicians and also for industry practitioners. In this study, there are three objectives to be achieved, namely to identify the importance of supply chain game in understanding the theory of global supply chain, to develop a supply chain game with physical simulation method and to identify the effectiveness of the game to understand the theory of global supply chain. A physical simulation game then was designed and conducted among a group of university students. To facilitate researchers to obtain information, a questionnaire survey conducted on the participants before and after the game. There are two purposes of this survey, which is carried out to determine the participants' understanding about the theory of global supply chains and to identify the effectiveness of this physical simulation game. Regarding on the survey results, nearly 50% mean average response of the participants increased significantly was recorded. It shows that there is an increase understanding of the students about the given theory throughout this physical simulation game.Â Â
Drivers for the Willingness of Small and Medium Enterprise in Implementing Halal Supply Chain Management
Authors: Azly Muhamed Ariff , Nizam Ab Rahman Mohd , Rosmawati Che Mohd Zain Che 
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the role of consumer concern, supplier readiness, and government initiative in determining the willingness of halal SME to deploy halal SCM.Â The hypotheses were assessed by using mail survey conducted in Malaysia in 2017. The empirical data use 172 data obtained from small and medium enterprise. Reliability and validity of the item is assessed through Cronbach alpha and factor analysis. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modelling by partial least square was adopted. The study finds that consumer concern plays a crucial role in determining the willingness to implement halal SCM. The supplier readiness can play important role in influencing halal SME to implement halal SCM. Finally, this study revealed that the important of government initiatives is significantly influenced halal SME to implement halal SCM in the operational activity. Â Â Â Â
A Framework for Developing Green Coordinated Decision Model In Supply Chain
Authors: Achmad Chairdino Leuveano Raden , Nizam Ab Rahman Mohd , Md Deros Baba , Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood Wan 
Published: July 2024

In the supply chain (SC), cost reduction always becomes the main aspect for the success of the competitive market. Minimizing costs in SC can be obtained through various methods. One of the methods is to coordinate decisions among members in SC. In the recent competitive, cost reduction is not only the main objective but also carbon emission reduction has become serious problems in SC. To achieve that, coordination in SC should cover both performances to achieve green SC. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for developing a green coordinated decision model (GCDM) under costs and carbon emissions consideration. The model considers the decision-making process for solving inventory replenishment problem in SC to solve the economic and environmental problem. The developed framework is based on reviewing the past literature on the SC decision model. There are four major steps of the proposed framework: 1) defining actors and operations involved in supply chain, 2) defining parameters, variables, and performance of the model, 3) defining the modeling process, and 4) verification and validation of the model. This framework contributes to the knowledge where the modeler can provide an insight in generating an accurate decision model and its solution to improve the environmental performance.Â Â Â
A Single Notch Semi-Circle UWB Antenna with Partial Ground Plane
Authors: Z. Mahmud M. , Samsuzzaman M. , Misran N. , Ansarudin F. , T. Islam M. , A. Nasser A. , Amin N. 
Published: July 2024

This work presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with single notch band characteristics. The proposed antenna is composed on a simple, low loss and compact planar commercially available Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 substrate. The antenna is designed with a modified semi-circular radiating patch on one side and modified partial ground plane on the other side of double layer substrate. The semicircular patch is modified by etching a circular slot which assist to achieve the stop band at 4 GHz C band frequency range. The ground structure and the substrate materials are optimized to achieve desired performance of proposed antenna prototype. The proposed antenna prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results display that the prototyped antenna has achieved impedance bandwidths of 13.5 GHz (1.5 to 15 GHz) with a single frequency band-stop performance of 3.58 â€“ 4.92 GHz. The optimized antenna offers higher gain, almost stable radiation patterns and adequate radiation efï¬ciency over the operating bandwidth.Â Â
Simulation of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter Xylinum 0416 Using Superpro DesignerÂ®
Authors: Syafiqah Kamarudin Nur , Abdul Rahman Norliza , Sahaid Kalil Mohd. , Kartom Kamarudin Siti 
Published: July 2024

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a non-toxic biopolymer that is used as a raw material in food, textile and medical industries. The production cost of BC comprises the price of labor, raw materials, taxes and manufacturing supplies. In BC manufacturing, the fermentation media culture comprises between 50-65% from the total production rate. To reduce the production cost, other types of fermentation media culture should be studied, and mature coconut water is chosen in this research. Mature coconut water is considered as waste and it is estimated to be discarded 5.3 m3/day mainly in the coconut processing industry. In this research study, mature coconut water is used as a Â Â Â Â Â Â fermentation medium because it helps to reduce the price, easy to handle and found easily in the country. The optimization study was used in order to produce BC in large amount with a minimum fee. To conduct the optimization study, the pH of mature coconut water was adjusted to pH 4, 5 and 6 by using acetic acid (CH3COOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with incubation temperature of 32Â°C. The result indicates pH 4 produces the highest harvested BC with 2.277g dry weight. By using this result, pH 4 was chosen to be used as a media in the fermentation process. For industrial purposes, BC production must be carried out in the industrial scale. Before real industrial scale is conducted, process simulation should be done to simulate several processes and produce the desired end product at low cost, low energy and good product specifications. The simulation software named as SuperproDesignerÂ® was used to select the unit operation of a plant, to observe the total BC production and also the cost of BC production. This simulation was used to run three selected process alternatives named as alternative 1(Design by Prades et al.); 2 (Design by Norliza et al.) and 3(Design by Kerala Institute). After conducted the simulation, alternative 2 shown the cheapest BC production which is Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â RM 170/kilogram compared to alternative 1 and 3.Â Â
Prognostic Factors of Long-term Survival among Rheumatic Heart Disease using Standard versus Cox Proportional Hazard Mixture Cure Model
Authors: Idham Abu Hasan Nurhasniza , Azura Md.Ghani Nor , Asri Mohd Ghani Khairul , Izan Mohd Ghani Khairul , Abu Hasan Nurhasnira 
Published: July 2024

The mixture cure model brings a great interest among researchers to the analyses survival data in the presence of cured. This study highlighted the importance of cured to be considered when the study population consists of two different type of groups. Â In such situations, the appropriate model is warranted. In this work, the standard Cox Proportional Hazard (PH) model and Cox PH mixture cure model were employed in order to highlight the difference and the usefulness of the mixture cure model over standard model. The Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) dataset could be applied for this purpose. Resultsâ€”The cured fraction was estimated to be 93.7%. The cure analysis shows the effect of Coronary Pulmonary Bypass (P-value=0.015), Mitral procedure (P-value=0.067) and Age (P-value=0.035) were significantly associated with cured among the RHD patients. Â Meanwhile, the length of hospital stay (P-value=0.055) and older age (P-value=0.063) were significantly associated with uncured patients. However, the standard Cox PH model do not allow to discriminate the effects of prognostic factors between these two different patients. The results reveled that HPT (P-value<0.030), emergency Intra Operative status (P-value=0.001), Mitral valve procedures (P-value=0.031), CPB (P-value=0.000), HOSP (<6 days groups) (P-value=0.020) and Redo Post-Operative status (P-value=0.002) were identified as factors associated with the time to death among patients. Conclusionâ€” The results exhibited the advantages of mixture cure model over standard survival model when the cured present in the data.Â Â
A Comparative Study between Phase Disposition PWM(PDPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition (PODPWM) for Cascade H-Bridge, Flying Capacitor and Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Voltage Source Inverters (MVSIs)
Authors: Fasdi Nik Ismail Nik , Johari Dalina , Aminuddin Norzaina , Hashim Norazlan 
Published: July 2024

In this paper a comparative study between two types of switching PWM signals namely Phase Disposition PWM (PDPWM) and Phase Opposition Disposition PWM (PODPWM) for three types of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter (MVSI) are conducted. The selected MVSI topologies are cascaded H-bridge, flying capacitor and neutral point clamped MVSI. In general, the THD of the output voltage and current can be improved as the levels of MVSI inverters are increased. However, as the levels of outputs are increased the numbers of circuit components are also increased.Â As a result, this will increase the circuit complexity for the MVSI to be operated at high levels.Â From the study, it can be found that cascaded H-bridge inverter required the lowest number of circuit components and has better THD compared to the other two topologies of MVSI for the similar output voltage and current levels. Moreover, the proper selection of PWM control strategy technique between PDPWM and PODPWM for MVSI is also able to reduce the THD in the output waveform.Â The circuit simulations for the MVSIs are simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software.Â Â
A Composite Web Design Structure for Online Tennis Court Payment System
Authors: Kassim Murizah , Syazwani Mohd Pakhrudin Nor , Husna Awang Aziati , Ku Haroswati Che Ku Yahaya Cik , Yaâ€™acob Norsuzila 
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the development of composite web design structure for online booking tennis court system. Problems identified that IR 4.0 for sports facilities is needed where less of sports owner implemented to facilitated effective management. Customer navigation has been a challenge to design well-structured websites to manage their facilities. The different understanding of the web developer and the user is considerably different that caused for poor website design.Â The objective for this research is to provide a simple online reservation system for a tennis court where customers are easy to access to the tennis court facilities. Analysis of the customer satisfaction is retrieved based on the designed system. The system was designed with functions that follow specific requirement, including userâ€™s registration and login, online booking, online payment, QR code, composite web design structure and database construction. The system was developed using CMS (Content Management System) with Joomla applications and XAMPP web software. XAMPP is free open source added with a combination of Apache, PHP and MySQL. The Google spreadsheet was used to create QR code. Informational databases like time booking, court available and online payment are designed. Data collection on the web page on the running composite webpage has been analyzed and results on rates of the portal, the player's booked, time booking, customers by ages and genders, Indoor and Outdoor booking are presented. Data shows an increase in booking daily from 7 am to 10 pm compared to last year based on the easy booking system with a composite web design structure of online payment prototype system that has been developed. This research presents an impact on IR 4.0 development towards managing sports facilities with recent trends and human health activities.Â Â
Wood Polymer Composites Optimizer with Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Yusoff Marina , Farah Syazwani Sehat Nur 
Published: July 2024

Wood polymer composites, or natural fiber composites are basically made up from a combination of plastic and wood flour. Usually, its quality is measured and depended on the mechanical properties that were used as composite materials for product development. Hence, a lot of laboratory experiments were conducted in factories for testing the durability of this product. However, there is still a lack of the solution for an automated system to formulate the wood polymer composite composition efficiently. This paper addresses the use of a genetic algorithm in finding an optimal composition for each of the properties used in producing a better-quality product. A new solution representation to map the composite composition is pro-posed. Different parameters were employed in the computational experiments with the aim to find the best fitness value for the composition. The stochastic behavior that was embedded in genetic algorithm has demonstrated diverse solutions with regards to the search exploration and exploitation capability towards the feasible solutions and convergence. The findings demonstrate a great potential ability of genetic algorithm in finding good accuracy for other wood polymer composites such as tropical timber as wood polymer materials.Â It is expected to reduce cost and time as compared to traditional laboratory way.Â Â
Earthquake Sensor Microcontroller Using Mma7361 Accelerometer
Authors: . Laumal , E. Folkes 
Published: July 2024

Vibrations propagate to the surface of the earth in two stages. The first stage is called the Primary wave-shaped longitudinal and the second stage is secondary wave, sinusoidal and destructive. The second wave did not come together so that there is a certain amount of time intervals. This time interval can be utilized to provide early warning from earthquake sensors microcontrollers. As registrar, earthquake seismograph always inform the level of earthquake damage in form of scales, but did not provide early warning. While the microcontroller and sensor technology developed and were able to catch the tremor.This study aims to build earthquake microcontroller sensors to capture the primary seismic vibrations quickly. The study focused on the sensor design, calibration and data transmission, while the primary wave simulation given experimentally by treatment of vibration on the sensor that is connected to computer and displays the initial vibration data on computer. The results showed that interconnection MMA7361 accelerometer, EM411 GPS, ATmega328 on Arduino and data processing protocols have produced seismic sensor that captures digital data and data shakes position quickly. In the absence of vibration, the sensor does not provide the data and when vibration, there is transmitting data to computer database.Â Â