bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ultrasound Implementation on Physical Examination Learning and Teaching During the First Year of Medical Education
Authors: Dinh Vi Am , Frederick Jon , Bartos Rebekah , Shankel Tamara M. , Werner Leonard 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesIncreasing emphasis has been placed on point‐of‐care ultrasound in medical school. The overall effects of ultrasound curriculum implementation on the traditional physical examination skills of medical students are still unknown. We studied the effects on the Objective Standardized Clinical Examination (OSCE) scores of year 1 medical students before and after ultrasound curriculum implementation.MethodsAn ultrasound curriculum was incorporated into the physical diagnosis course for year 1 medical students in the 2012–2013 academic year. We performed a prospective observational study comparing traditional OSCE scores of year 1 medical students exposed to the ultrasound curriculum (post‐ultrasound) versus historic year 1 medical student controls (pre‐ultrasound) with no ultrasound exposure. Questionnaire data were also obtained from year 1 medical students and physical diagnosis faculty to assess attitudes toward ultrasound implementation.ResultsThe final overall OSCE scores were graded with a 5‐point Likert‐type scale from unsatisfactory to outstanding. There was a significant increase in outstanding scores in the post‐ultrasound compared to the pre‐ultrasound group (27.0% versus 10.9%; P< .001). The post‐ultrasound group had significantly (P< .05) increased first‐time pass rates on blood pressure measurements, the abdominal examination, and professionalism. Student and physical diagnosis faculty questionnaire data showed an overall positive response, with most agreeing or strongly agreeing that ultrasound should be included in the future year 1 medical student curriculum.ConclusionsUltrasound implementation into a physical diagnosis curriculum for year 1 medical students is feasible and may improve their overall traditional physical examination skills.
Dynamic High‐Resolution Sonography Compared to Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacement
Authors: Habashi Hadeel , Eran Ayelet , Blumenfeld Israel , Gaitini Diana 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the value of dynamic high‐resolution sonography for evaluation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk displacement compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the mouth closed and during the maximal mandibular range of motion.MethodsDynamic high‐resolution sonography with the mouth closed and during the maximal mandibular range of motion was performed on 39 consecutive patients (78 joints; 13 male and 26 female; age range, 18–77 years; mean age ± SD, 37.23 ± 16.26 years) with TMJ disorders. A TMJ MRI study was performed 1 to 7 days after sonography. We searched for signs of disk displacement and findings compatible with degenerative joint disease. Both studies were performed and interpreted independently by blinded operators.ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging depicted 22 normal joints (28.2%), 21 (26.9%) with anterior disk displacement with reduction, 15 (19.2%) with anterior disk displacement without reduction, and 20 (25.6%) with degenerative disease. Sonography depicted 30 normal joints (38.5%), 22 (28.2%) with anterior disk displacement with reduction, 12 (15.4%) with anterior disk displacement without reduction, and 14 (17.9%) with degenerative disease. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of sonography for diagnosis of disk displacement were 74.3%, 84.2%, and 77.7%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosis of disk displacement with reduction were 78.6%, 66.7%, and 73.0%, and the values for diagnosis of disk displacement without reduction were 66.7%, 78.6%, and 73.0%.ConclusionsDynamic high‐resolution sonography is a potential imaging method for diagnosis of TMJ disk displacement and degenerative diseases. Further studies are needed to make dynamic high‐resolution sonography the first‐line test for diagnosis of TMJ disk displacement.
Sonographically Guided Posterior Subtalar Joint Injections via the Sinus Tarsi Approach
Authors: Smith Jay , Maida Eugene , Murthy Naveen S. , Kissin Eugene Y. , Jacobson Jon A. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility and accuracy of sonographically guided posterior subtalar joint (PSTJ) injections performed through the sinus tarsi.MethodsA single experienced operator completed 10 sonographically guided PSTJ injections via the sinus tarsi on 10 unembalmed cadaveric ankle‐foot specimens. Injections were performed using a 17–5‐MHz linear transducer, a 25‐gauge, 50‐mm needle, and an out‐of‐plane, anterior‐to‐posterior needle trajectory parallel to the calcaneal surface. Sonographic assessment for fluid in the posterior and lateral PSTJ recesses, sinus tarsi, and peroneal tendon sheath was performed before and after injections of 2 and 4 mL of tap water. Two additional specimens were injected with a contrast agent: 1 via the sonographically guided approach and another by a computed tomographically guided approach.ResultsAll 10 sonographically guided PSTJ tap water injections were accurate, distending both the posterior and lateral PSTJ recesses. In addition, all 10 specimens showed posterior recess distension by 2 mL, whereas only 2 specimens (20%) showed lateral recess distension at this volume. By 4 mL, both recesses were clearly distended in all specimens. Both contrast agent injections produced similar PSTJ computed tomographic arthrograms and patterns of recess distension similar to the sonographically guided tap water injections. No sonographically guided PSTJ injection placed fluid in the peroneal tendon sheath.ConclusionsSonographically guided PSTJ injections via the sinus tarsi can accurately and specifically deliver injectate into the PSTJ while monitoring injectate flow within the posterior recess. The sinus tarsi approach may be used as an alternative technique to perform sonographically guided PSTJ injections when clinically appropriate.
Quantitative Assessment of Mitral Inflow and Aortic Outflow Stroke Volumes by 3‐Dimensional Real‐time Full‐Volume Color Flow Doppler Transthoracic Echocardiography
Authors: Shimada Eriko , Zhu Meihua , Kimura Sumito , Streiff Cole , Houle Helene , Datta Saurabh , Sahn David J. , Ashraf Muhammad 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesNoninvasive quantification of left ventricular (LV) stroke volumes has an important clinical role in assessing circulation and monitoring therapeutic interventions for cardiac disease. This study validated the accuracy of a real‐time 3‐dimensional (3D) color flow Doppler method performed during transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for quantifying volume flows through the mitral and aortic valves using a dedicated offline 3D flow computation program compared to LV sonomicrometry in an open‐chest animal model.MethodsForty‐six different hemodynamic states in 5 open‐chest pigs were studied. Three‐dimensional color flow Doppler TTE and 2‐dimensional (2D) TTE were performed by epicardial scanning. The dedicated software was used to compute flow volumes at the mitral annulus and the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) with the 3D color flow Doppler method. Stroke volumes by 2D TTE were computed in the conventional manner. Stroke volumes derived from sonomicrometry were used as reference values.ResultsMitral inflow and LVOT outflow derived from the 3D color flow Doppler method correlated well with stroke volumes by sonomicrometry (R = 0.96 and 0.96, respectively), whereas correlation coefficients for mitral inflow and LVOT outflow computed by 2D TTE and stroke volumes by sonomicrometry were R = 0.84 and 0.86. Compared to 2D TTE, the 3D method showed a smaller bias and narrower limits of agreement in both mitral inflow (mean ± SD: 3D, 2.36 ± 2.86 mL; 2D, 10.22 ± 8.46 mL) and LVOT outflow (3D, 1.99 ± 2.95 mL; 2D, 4.12 ± 6.32 mL).ConclusionsReal‐time 3D color flow Doppler quantification is feasible and accurate for measurement of mitral inflow and LVOT outflow stroke volumes over a range of hemodynamic conditions.
Paleolatitudes of the Tibetan Himalaya from primary and secondary magnetizations of Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocks
Authors: Huang Wentao , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Dekkers Mark J. , Garzanti Eduardo , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume , Lippert Peter C. , Li Xiaochun , Maffione Marco , Langereis Cor G. , Hu Xiumian , Guo Zhaojie , Kapp Paul 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Tibetan Himalaya represents the northernmost continental unit of the Indian plate that collided with Asia in the Cenozoic. Paleomagnetic studies on the Tibetan Himalaya can help constrain the dimension and paleogeography of “Greater India,” the Indian plate lithosphere that subducted and underthrusted below Asia after initial collision. Here we present a paleomagnetic investigation of a Jurassic (limestones) and Lower Cretaceous (volcaniclastic sandstones) section of the Tibetan Himalaya. The limestones yielded positive fold test, showing a prefolding origin of the isolated remanent magnetizations. Detailed paleomagnetic analyses, rock magnetic tests, end‐member modeling of acquisition curves of isothermal remanent magnetization, and petrographic investigation reveal that the magnetic carrier of the Jurassic limestones is authigenic magnetite, whereas the dominant magnetic carrier of the Lower Cretaceous volcaniclastic sandstones is detrital magnetite. Our observations lead us to conclude that the Jurassic limestones record a prefolding remagnetization, whereas the Lower Cretaceous volcaniclastic sandstones retain a primary remanence. The volcaniclastic sandstones yield an Early Cretaceous paleolatitude of 55.5°S [52.5°S, 58.6°S] for the Tibetan Himalaya, suggesting it was part of the Indian continent at that time. The size of “Greater India” during Jurassic time cannot be estimated from these limestones. Instead, a paleolatitude of the Tibetan Himalaya of 23.8°S [21.8°S, 26.1°S] during the remagnetization process is suggested. It is likely that the remagnetization, caused by the oxidation of early diagenetic pyrite to magnetite, was induced during 103–83 or 77–67 Ma. The inferred paleolatitudes at these two time intervals imply very different tectonic consequences for the Tibetan Himalaya.
Kappa distribution in the presence of a potential energy
Authors: Livadiotis George 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe present paper develops the theory and formulations of the kappa distributions that describe particle systems characterized by a nonzero potential energy. As yet, kappa distributions were used for the statistical description of the velocity or kinetic energy of particles but not of the potential energy. With the results provided here, it is straightforward to use the developed kappa distributions to describe any particle population of space plasmas subject to a nonnegligible potential energy. Starting from the kappa distribution of the Hamiltonian function, we develop the distributions that describe either the complete phase space or the marginal spaces of positions and velocities. The study shows, among others: (a) The kappa distributions of velocities that describe space plasmas can be vastly different from the standard formulation of the kappa distribution, because of the presence of a potential energy; the correct formulation should be given by the marginal kappa distribution of velocities by integrating the distribution of the Hamiltonian over the potential energy. (b) The long‐standing problem of the divergence of the Boltzmannian exponential distribution for bounded radial potentials is solved using kappa distributions of negative kappa index. (c) Anisotropic distributions of velocities can exist in the presence of a velocity‐dependent potential. (d) A variety of applications, including derivations/verifications of the following: (i) the Jeans', the most frequent, and the maximum radii in spherical/linear gravitational potentials; (ii) the Virial theorem for power law potentials; (iii) the generalized barometric formula, (iv) the plasma density profiles in Saturnian magnetosphere, and (v) the average electron magnetic moment in Earth's magnetotail.
North Aegean core complexes, the gravity spreading of a thrust wedge
Authors: Kydonakis Konstantinos , Brun Jean‐Pierre , Sokoutis Dimitrios 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe North Aegean core complexes developed in middle Eocene soon after the end of continental block convergence and piling up of the Hellenic Thrust Wedge. They formed during back‐arc extension, driven by the Hellenic slab rollback, at the back of the thrust wedge. A series of scaled laboratory experiments was performed to test whether the gravity spreading of a thrust wedge is a suitable process for the development of the North Aegean core complexes during back‐arc extension. Wedge‐shaped sand‐silicon models with variable boundary displacement velocities and different geometries of the upper sand layer were used to study the effects of variations in wedge rheology on the pattern of extension. The models exemplify that extension, either distributed (wide rift mode) or localized (core complex mode), is always located at the wedge rear. Core complex development was favored in models with thicker brittle layer (higher frictional strength) and low stretching rate (lower ductile strength). Both core complex location at the wedge rear and detachment location and dip are interdependent and intrinsically related to the initial wedge shape of the extending system. The experimental model displays striking similarities with the extensional pattern of the North Aegean in terms of (i) location, size, and shape of core complexes as well as their sequence of development and (ii) detachment location and dip. We conclude that it is the initial wedge geometry of the system and the weak nature of the crust at the onset of extension that controlled the extensional pattern of the North Aegean domain.
Lanthanide Terpyridine‐Based Assemblies: Towards Dual Luminescent Probes
Authors: Molloy Jennifer K. , Pillai Zeena , Sakamoto Junji , Ceroni Paola , Bergamini Giacomo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA tetrahedral shape‐persistent molecule equipped with four terpyridine ligands can form an oligomeric structure upon complexation with metal ions, in which two terpyridine units are intermolecularly connected via a metal ion. The most interesting results were obtained upon binding of lanthanide ions, whose luminescence is sensitized by the ligand. In particular, dual luminescent probes were obtained upon concomitant complexation of two different lanthanide ions, such as EuIII and NdIII.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative CC Bond Cleavage of α‐Hydroxyketones: Application to CH Acylation of Azoarenes and Synthesis of a Liver(X) Receptor Agonist
Authors: Majhi Biju , Ahammed Sabir , Kundu Debasish , Ranu Brindaban C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed oxidative CC cleavage of α‐hydroxyketones and 2‐aryl acetophenones in the presence of tert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) generates an acyl moiety, which promotes subsequent regioselective CH acylation producing a series of ortho‐acyl substituted symmetrical and unsymmetrical azoarenes. This protocol is successfully used for the synthesis of liver (X) receptor agonist.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Lundurine A and Determination of its Absolute Configuration
Authors: Jin Shuaijiang , Gong Jing , Qin Yong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA 15‐step total synthesis of (−)‐lundurine A (1) from easily accessible (S)‐pyrrolidinone 18 is reported. A Simmons‐Smith reaction allows the efficient, simultaneous assembly of the cyclopropyl C ring, the six‐membered D ring, the seven‐membered E ring, and the quaternary carbon stereocenters at C2 and C7. The absolute configuration of natural (−)‐lundurine A was deduced to be 2R,7R,20R based on the stepwise construction of the stereocenters during the total synthesis.
Visualization and Quantification of Transmembrane Ion Transport into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
Authors: Valkenier Hennie , López Mora Néstor , Kros Alexander , Davis Anthony P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTransmembrane ion transporters (ionophores) are widely investigated as supramolecular agents with potential for biological activity. Tests are usually performed in synthetic membranes that are assembled into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). However transport must be followed through bulk properties of the vesicle suspension, because LUVs are too small for individual study. An alternative approach is described whereby ion transport can be revealed and quantified through direct observation. The method employs giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), which are 20–60 μm in diameter and readily imaged by light microscopy. This allows characterization of individual GUVs containing transporter molecules, followed by studies of transport through fluorescence emission from encapsulated indicators. The method provides new levels of certainty and relevance, given that the GUVs are similar in size to living cells. It has been demonstrated using a highly active anion carrier, and should aid the development of compounds for treating channelopathies such as cystic fibrosis.
A High‐Temperature Molecular Ferroelectric Zn/Dy Complex Exhibiting Single‐Ion‐Magnet Behavior and Lanthanide Luminescence
Authors: Long Jérôme , Rouquette Jérôme , Thibaud Jean‐Marc , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Carlos Luís D. , Donnadieu Bruno , Vieru Veaceslav , Chibotaru Liviu F. , Konczewicz Leszek , Haines Julien , Guari Yannick , Larionova Joulia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMultifunctional molecular ferroelectrics are exciting materials synthesized using molecular chemistry concepts, which may combine a spontaneous electrical polarization, switched upon applying an electric field, with another physical property. A high‐temperature ferroelectric material is presented that is based on a chiral Zn2+/Dy3+ complex exhibiting Dy3+ luminescence, optical activity, and magnetism. We investigate the correlations between the electric polarization and the crystal structure as well as between the low‐temperature magnetic slow relaxation and the optical properties.
Synthesis of Mixed Silylene–Carbene Chelate Ligands from N‐Heterocyclic Silylcarbenes Mediated by Nickel
Authors: Tan Gengwen , Enthaler Stephan , Inoue Shigeyoshi , Blom Burgert , Driess Matthias 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe NiII‐mediated tautomerization of the N‐heterocyclic hydrosilylcarbene L2Si(H)(CH2)NHC 1, where L2=CH(CCH2)(CMe)(NAr)2, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; NHC=3,4,5‐trimethylimidazol‐2‐yliden‐6‐yl, leads to the first N‐heterocyclic silylene (NHSi)–carbene (NHC) chelate ligand in the dibromo nickel(II) complex [L1Si:(CH2)(NHC)NiBr2] 2 (L1=CH(MeCNAr)2). Reduction of 2 with KC8 in the presence of PMe3 as an auxiliary ligand afforded, depending on the reaction time, the N‐heterocyclic silyl–NHC bromo NiII complex [L2Si(CH2)NHCNiBr(PMe3)] 3 and the unique Ni0 complex [η2(Si‐H){L2Si(H)(CH2)NHC}Ni(PMe3)2] 4 featuring an agostic SiH→Ni bonding interaction. When 1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (DMPE) was employed as an exogenous ligand, the first NHSi–NHC chelate‐ligand‐stabilized Ni0 complex [L1Si:(CH2)NHCNi(dmpe)] 5 could be isolated. Moreover, the dicarbonyl Ni0 complex 6, [L1Si:(CH2)NHCNi(CO)2], is easily accessible by the reduction of 2 with K(BHEt3) under a CO atmosphere. The complexes were spectroscopically and structurally characterized. Furthermore, complex 2 can serve as an efficient precatalyst for Kumada–Corriu‐type cross‐coupling reactions.
Application of Fragment‐Based Screening to the Design of Inhibitors of Escherichia coli DsbA
Authors: Adams Luke A. , Sharma Pooja , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Ilyichova Olga V. , Mulcair Mark D. , Williams Martin L. , Gleeson Ellen C. , Totsika Makrina , Doak Bradley C. , Caria Sofia , Rimmer Kieran , Horne James , Shouldice Stephen R. , Vazirani Mansha , Headey Stephen J. , Plumb Brent R. , Martin Jennifer L. , Heras Begoña , Simpson Jamie S. , Scanlon Martin J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe thiol‐disulfide oxidoreductase enzyme DsbA catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in the periplasm of Gram‐negative bacteria. DsbA substrates include proteins involved in bacterial virulence. In the absence of DsbA, many of these proteins do not fold correctly, which renders the bacteria avirulent. Thus DsbA is a critical mediator of virulence and inhibitors may act as antivirulence agents. Biophysical screening has been employed to identify fragments that bind to DsbA from Escherichia coli. Elaboration of one of these fragments produced compounds that inhibit DsbA activity in vitro. In cell‐based assays, the compounds inhibit bacterial motility, but have no effect on growth in liquid culture, which is consistent with selective inhibition of DsbA. Crystal structures of inhibitors bound to DsbA indicate that they bind adjacent to the active site. Together, the data suggest that DsbA may be amenable to the development of novel antibacterial compounds that act by inhibiting bacterial virulence.
Novel nonammonia preservative for concentrated natural rubber latex
Authors: Wang Ting , Gui Hong‐Xing , Zhang Wen‐Fei , Zhang Ke‐Xi , Yu Wei‐Qiang , Li Yi‐Min , Zeng Ri‐Zhong , Huang Mao‐Fang 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA derivative of sym‐triazine (HTT) was chosen as a new nonammonia preservative for concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL) in place of NH3–TT/zinc oxide (ZnO). The preservation effects of the HTT for CNRL, drying characteristics, mechanical properties, and cytotoxicity of the vulcanized natural rubber (NR) film were investigated. The results show that the CNRL was preserved steadily for more than 6 months with 0.3% HTT, and the volatile fatty acid number, viscosity, and mechanical stability of CNRL all met the requirements of ISO 2004:2010(E). The drying characteristics of the vulcanized NR film preserved by HTT retained no change compared with those of the film preserved by NH3–TT/ZnO. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the vulcanized NR film preserved by HTT were 32.17 MPa and 853.80%, respectively; these were very similar to those of the film preserved by NH3–TT/ZnO, whereas the tear strength reached 68.43 kN/m, and this was much higher than that by NH3–TT/ZnO. The results of the cytotoxicity and dermal irritation tests prove that HTT is not especially harmful to humans. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41749.