bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of uncertainties in radiation‐induced cancer risk predictions at clinically relevant doses
Authors: Nguyen J. , Moteabbed M. , Paganetti H. 
Published: December 2014

Purpose:Theoretical dose–response models offer the possibility to assess second cancer induction risks after external beam therapy. The parameters used in these models are determined with limited data from epidemiological studies. Risk estimations are thus associated with considerable uncertainties. This study aims at illustrating uncertainties when predicting the risk for organ‐specific second cancers in the primary radiation field illustrated by choosing selected treatment plans for brain cancer patients.Methods:A widely used risk model was considered in this study. The uncertainties of the model parameters were estimated with reported data of second cancer incidences for various organs. Standard error propagation was then subsequently applied to assess the uncertainty in the risk model. Next, second cancer risks of five pediatric patients treated for cancer in the head and neck regions were calculated. For each case, treatment plans for proton and photon therapy were designed to estimate the uncertainties (a) in the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) for a given treatment modality and (b) when comparing risks of two different treatment modalities.Results:Uncertainties in excess of 100% of the risk were found for almost all organs considered. When applied to treatment plans, the calculated LAR values have uncertainties of the same magnitude. A comparison between cancer risks of different treatment modalities, however, does allow statistically significant conclusions. In the studied cases, the patient averaged LAR ratio of proton and photon treatments was 0.35, 0.56, and 0.59 for brain carcinoma, brain sarcoma, and bone sarcoma, respectively. Their corresponding uncertainties were estimated to be potentially below 5%, depending on uncertainties in dosimetry.Conclusions:The uncertainty in the dose–response curve in cancer risk models makes it currently impractical to predict the risk for an individual external beam treatment. On the other hand, the ratio of absolute risks between two modalities is less sensitive to the uncertainties in the risk model and can provide statistically significant estimates.
Minimizing bleeding complications in spinal tumor surgery with preoperative Onyx embolization via dual-lumen balloon catheter
Authors: Ladner Travis R , He Lucy , Lakomkin Nikita , Davis Brandon J , Cheng Joseph S , Devin Clinton J , Mocco J 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundIntraoperative bleeding is a significant risk in surgery for highly vascular spinal tumors, but preoperative embolization can safely decrease intraoperative blood loss in extrinsic spine tumors. Onyx, widely used for cerebrovascular embolization, has been increasingly used as an embolic agent for preoperative spinal tumor embolization. The Scepter catheter, a dual-lumen balloon catheter, may improve tumor parenchymal penetration without the danger and limitations of significant embolic reflux. This may reduce bleeding risk during spinal surgery.MethodsEleven consecutive cases of preoperative Onyx embolization of extrinsic spinal tumors were identified, all of whom had subsequent spinal surgery. Demographic data and clinical variables were collected. Patients were divided into Scepter (n=6) and non-Scepter (n=5) groups. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare continuous outcome variables and the Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical variables.ResultsEstimated blood loss in the Scepter group was significantly lower than in the non-Scepter group (584±124 vs 2400±738 mL, p=0.004). The volume of intraoperative transfusion was also significantly lower (1.2±0.4 vs 5.8±1.7 units, p=0.004). There was no significant difference in the number of vessels embolized, vials of Onyx used, use of coiling adjunct, contrast load, radiation dose, or fluoroscopy time per pedicle (p>0.05).ConclusionsThe addition of the Scepter catheter to preoperative Onyx embolization is safe and feasible. In this small series, the Scepter catheter was associated with a reduction of intraoperative bleeding by 76% and a 79% lower transfusion volume. This was not accompanied by any unwanted increase in vials of Onyx used, contrast load, radiation dose, or fluoroscopy time.
Validated Contemporary Risk Model of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Insights From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Cath‐PCI Registry
Authors: Tsai Thomas T. , Patel Uptal D. , Chang Tara I. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Matheny Michael E. , Kosiborod Mikhail , Amin Amit P. , Weintraub William S. , Curtis Jeptha P. , Messenger John C. , Rumsfeld John S. , Spertus John A. 
Published: December 2014

Background

We developed risk models for predicting acute kidney injury (
AKI
) and
AKI
requiring dialysis (
AKI
‐D) after percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) to support quality assessment and the use of preventative strategies.

Methods and Results

AKI
was defined as an absolute increase of ≥0.3 mg/
dL
or a relative increase of 50% in serum creatinine (
AKIN
Stage 1 or greater) and
AKI
‐D was a new requirement for dialysis following
PCI
. Data from 947 012 consecutive
PCI
patients and 1253 sites participating in the
NCDR
Cath/
PCI
registry between 6/09 and 7/11 were used to develop the model, with 70% randomly assigned to a derivation cohort and 30% for validation.
AKI
occurred in 7.33% of the derivation and validation cohorts. Eleven variables were associated with
AKI
: older age, baseline renal impairment (categorized as mild, moderate, and severe), prior cerebrovascular disease, prior heart failure, prior
PCI
, presentation (non‐
ACS
versus
NSTEMI
versus
STEMI
), diabetes, chronic lung disease, hypertension, cardiac arrest, anemia, heart failure on presentation, balloon pump use, and cardiogenic shock.
STEMI
presentation, cardiogenic shock, and severe baseline
CKD
were the strongest predictors for
AKI
. The full model showed good discrimination in the derivation and validation cohorts (c‐statistic of 0.72 and 0.71, respectively) and identical calibration (slope of calibration line=1.01). The
AKI
‐D model had even better discrimination (c‐statistic=0.89) and good calibration (slope of calibration line=0.99).

Conclusion

The
NCDR AKI
prediction models can successfully risk‐stratify patients undergoing
PCI
. The potential for this tool to aid clinicians in counseling patients regarding the risk of
PCI
, identify patients for preventative strategies, and support local quality improvement efforts should be prospectively tested.
Air contamination in the sclerosing foam for the treatment of varicose veins
Authors: de Franciscis S , Nobile CGA , Larosa E , Montemurro R , Serra R 
Published: December 2014

Background Fluids and drugs formulated for intravenous infusion may potentially promote the growth of microorganisms that can cause infections. The aim of this study is to test the sterility of sclerosing foam. Methods Polidocanol was used for the production of the foam. The Tessari method was used in order to generate the foam. The preparation was carried out both in the operating theater and in an outpatient room. A validation test with microorganisms was also performed. Results The measurements showed no evident growth of microorganisms and in the validation tests the foam appeared to even display bacteriostatic and/or bactericide properties. Conclusions Sclerosing foam seems to be safe from a microbiological point of view.
Comparative potency of sensory-induced brainstem activation to trigger spreading depression and seizures in the cortex of awake rats: Implications for the pathophysiology of migraine aura
Authors: Vinogradova Lyudmila V 
Published: December 2014

Background Migraine and epilepsy are highly co-morbid neurological disorders associated with episodic dysfunction of both cortical and subcortical networks. The study examined the interrelation between cortical spreading depression, the electrophysiological correlate of migraine aura and seizures triggered at cortical and brainstem levels by repeated sound stimulation in rats with acoustic hypersensitivity (reflex audiogenic epilepsy). Method In awake, freely moving rats with innate audiogenic epilepsy, 25 episodes of running seizure (brainstem seizures) were induced by repeated sound stimulation. Spreading depression and seizures were recorded using implanted cortical electrodes. Results The first sound-induced brainstem seizures evoked neither spreading depression nor seizures in the cortex. With repetition, brainstem seizures began to be followed by a single cortical spreading depression wave and an epileptiform discharge. Spreading depression was more frequent an early cortical event than seizures: spreading depression appeared after 8.4 ± 1.0 repeated stimulations in 100% rats ( n = 24) while cortical seizures were recorded after 12.9 ± 1.2 tests in 46% rats. Brainstem seizure triggered unilateral long-latency spreading depression. Bilateral short-latency cortical spreading depression was recorded only after intense cortical seizures. Conclusion These data show that episodic brainstem activation is a potent trigger of unilateral cortical spreading depression. Development of intense seizures in the cortex leads to initiation of spreading depression in multiple cortical sites of both hemispheres.
Preaching to the Choir
Authors: Kemper Kathi J. , Mo Xiaokui , Lynn Joanne 
Published: December 2014

Background. Observational studies evaluating elective training programs may be biased if learners who enroll differ from nonenrollees. To assess self-selection bias, we compared participants who enrolled in 2 different online courses in complementary and alternative medical therapies. Methods. Participants were recruited from entering classes in medicine, nursing, social work, and dietetics, and residencies in family medicine and pediatrics. The 2 electives were ( a) herbs and dietary supplements and ( b) mind–body skills training. Participants completed standardized questionnaires before training. Results. The 218 participants had an average age of 28 years; 76% were trainees. There were no significant differences between enrollees in mind–body skills and herbs and dietary supplements with regard to age, gender, stress levels, mind–body training or practice, mindfulness, empathy, compassion, or resilience. Conclusions. Those who enroll in mind–body skills are not measurably different than those who enroll in herbs and dietary supplements. There is no evidence of self-selection bias or “preaching to the choir.”
Fondaparinux for the treatment of suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a propensity score–matched study
Authors: Kang Matthew , Alahmadi Majed , Sawh Sonja , Kovacs Michael J. , Lazo-Langner Alejandro 
Published: December 2014

Key PointsFondaparinux seems to be an effective and safe alternative for the management of suspected HIT.
Continued Nursing Education in University Hospitals in Southern Brazil
Authors: Backes Vania , Prado Marta , Erdmann Alacoque , Ferraz Fabiane 
Published: December 2014

Purpose:
This study analyzed the continued nursing education process in three university hospitals in southern Brazil. Its theoretical reference was centered upon the problematization pedagogy of Freire and the levels of practice of Vázquez.

Methods:
This was a qualitative case study, based on multiple holistic cases. The data were collected through document analysis, observation of scenarios, and semistructured interviews with 22 nursing employees.

Results:
The thematic analysis evidenced the continued nursing education process, highlighting initiatives such as the creation of the Center for Nursing Education and Research, the Permanent Nursing Education Center, and the Continued Nursing Education Program.

Conclusion:
This study serves as an important tool for the transformation of the reality of health care subjects and institutions.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(8):368–374.
Buried object detection by means of a Lp Banach‐space inversion procedure
Authors: Estatico Claudio , Fedeli Alessandro , Pastorino Matteo , Randazzo Andrea 
Published: December 2014

AbstractElectromagnetic inspection techniques are becoming powerful tools for buried object detection and subsurface prospection in several applicative fields, such as civil engineering and archeology. However, the nonlinearity and ill‐posedness of the underlying inverse problem make the development of efficient imaging techniques a very challenging task. In the present paper, an algorithm based on a regularizing approach in Lp Banach spaces is proposed for tackling such problems. The effectiveness of the approach is verified by means of numerical simulations in a noisy environment aimed at evaluating the reconstruction capabilities with respect to the choice of several model parameters. The reported results show that, for small targets, the use of Lp Banach spaces with 1 < p < 2 allows to obtain a better localization of different buried scatterers.
Rastertunnelspektroskopisch gesteuertes Design maßgeschneiderter tiefblauer Triplettemitter
Authors: Sanning Jan , Ewen Pascal R. , Stegemann Linda , Schmidt Judith , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Koch Tobias , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Wegner Daniel , Strassert Cristian A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWir zeigen, dass Molekülorbitale visualisiert und selektiv beeinflusst werden können, um blau phosphoreszierende Metallkomplexe zu erzeugen. Hierzu werden die HOMOs und LUMOs von PtII‐Komplexen mit dreizähnigen Liganden mittels Rastertunnelmikroskopie und ‐spektroskopie vermessen. Das Einfügen von elektronenziehenden oder ‐schiebenden Seitengruppen ermöglicht das unabhängige Einstellen von Orbitalenergien. Wesentlich ist, dass die Energielücken mit den gemessenen und berechneten emittierenden Triplettzuständen und den experimentellen Emissionsspektren korrelieren. Dieses Zusammenspiel zwischen Synthese, Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie ermöglicht uns, tiefblaue Triplettemitter zu entwerfen. Das Erkennen und Einstellen der elektronischen “Stellschrauben” auf molekularer Ebene öffnet einen Weg zum rationalen Design von optoelektronischen Materialien mit maßgeschneiderten Energien der angeregten Zustände und definierten Orbitaleigenschaften.
Dendritische Nanostrukturen zur rezeptorvermittelten Aufnahme von siRNA in neurale Zellen
Authors: Brunner Korbinian , Harder Johannes , Halbach Tobias , Willibald Julian , Spada Fabio , Gnerlich Felix , Sparrer Konstantin , Beil Andreas , Möckl Leonhard , Bräuchle Christoph , Conzelmann Karl‐Klaus , Carell Thomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWir berichten über die Entwicklung von dendritischen siRNA‐Nanostrukturen, die das Einbringen von siRNA in schwierig zu transfizierende Zellen wie Neuronen mithilfe eines speziellen Rezeptorliganden ermöglichen. Die Nanopartikel rufen trotz ihrer dendritischen Struktur eine starke siRNA‐Antwort hervor. Durch siRNA‐Dendrimere gegen das Nukleoprotein (N‐Protein) und das Phosphoprotein (P‐Protein), zwei Schlüsselproteine des Tollwutvirus (RABV), konnte der Virustiter in Neuronen unter die Nachweisgrenze gesenkt werden. Die mithilfe von Klick‐Chemie aufgebauten siRNA‐Dendrimere weisen den Weg für eine neuartige Heilungsmöglichkeit dieser tödlichen Krankheit.
An Accurate Molecular Structure of Phenyl, the Simplest Aryl Radical
Authors: Martinez Oscar , Crabtree Kyle N. , Gottlieb Carl A. , Stanton John F. , McCarthy Michael C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe phenyl radical (C6H5.) is the prototypical σ‐type aryl radical and one of the most common aromatic building blocks for larger ring molecules. Using a combination of rotational spectroscopy of singly substituted isotopic species and vibrational corrections calculated theoretically, an extremely accurate molecular structure has been determined. Relative to benzene, the phenyl radical has a substantially larger C‐Cipso‐C bond angle [125.8(3)° vs. 120°], and a shorter distance [2.713(3) Å vs. 2.783(2) Å] between the ipso and para carbon atoms.
β‐CuN3: The Overlooked Ground‐State Polymorph of Copper Azide with Heterographene‐Like Layers
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , George Janine , Maintz Stefan , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn unexpected polymorph of the highly energetic phase CuN3 has been synthesized and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with a=3.3635(7), b=10.669(2), c=5.5547(11) Å and V=199.34(7) Å3. The layered structure resembles graphite with an interlayer distance of 2.777(1) Å (=1/2 c). Within a single layer, considering N3− as one structural unit, there are 10‐membered almost hexagonal rings with a heterographene‐like motif. Copper and nitrogen atoms are covalently bonded with CuN bonds lengths of 1.91 and 2.00 Å, and the N3− group is linear but with NN 1.14 and 1.20 Å. Electronic‐structure calculations and experimental thermochemistry show that the new polymorph termed β‐CuN3 is more stable than the established α‐CuN3 phase. Also, β‐CuN3 is dynamically, and thus thermochemically, metastable according to the calculated phonon density of states. In addition, β‐CuN3 exhibits negative thermal expansion within the graphene‐like layer.
Two‐dimensional modeling of polymer wet spinning: The effects of mass transfer dynamics on structural properties
Authors: Zerze Hasan , McHugh Anthony J. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, a two‐dimensional model of polymer wet spinning that couples simultaneous momentum and energy transport with ternary diffusion and phase separation processes is presented and its predictions for a model system are discussed. The uniqueness of the model lies in its two‐phase nature and ability to predict important characteristics of the wet spinning process, such as the locking‐in of axial velocity, mass transfer behavior, and internal structure formation along the spinline. The model predicts growth of the two‐phase gel that forms and the porous fractions within it, along with the compositions of the polymer‐rich and solvent‐nonsolvent‐rich phases. The appearance of a skin‐core structure that depends on the system and operating conditions is also predicted. These features are demonstrated through analyses of the isothermal wet spinning of poly(acrylonitrile) solutions in dimethlysulfoxide using two different nonsolvent coagulants, water and ethanol. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41772.
Effect of glass fiber on the electrical resistivities of polyoxymethylene/maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Zhang Bo‐Yuan , Xu Ling , Guo Zhao‐Xia , Yu Jian , Nagai Satoshi 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of glass fiber (GF) on the electrical resistivities of polyoxymethylene (POM)/maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (MAPE)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites is investigated. The POM/MAPE/MWCNT composites at a MWCNT loading of 0.75% are nonconductive because most of MWCNTs are isolated in the MAPE islands, and their electrical resistivities decrease significantly after the addition of GF because of the formation of MAPE‐coated GF structure, which facilitates the formation of conductive paths and was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The formation of MAPE‐coated GF structure is attributed to the interaction between GF and MAPE during melt compounding, as contrasted by the uncoated GF using high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) instead of MAPE. Nonconductive POM/5–20% MAPE/0.75% MWCNT composites become conductive upon the addition of 20% GF. This preparation method for conductive materials can be generalized to POM/5–20% maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (MAPP)/0.75% MWCNT composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41794.
Achieving Single‐Nucleotide Resolution of 5‐Methylcytosine Detection with TALEs
Authors: Kubik Grzegorz , Summerer Daniel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report engineered transcription‐activator‐like effectors (TALEs) as the first DNA‐binding molecules that detect 5‐methylcytosine (mC) at single‐nucleotide resolution with fully programmable sequence selectivity. This is achieved by a design strategy such that a single cytosine (C) in a DNA sequence is selectively interrogated for its mC‐modification level by targeting with a discriminatory TALE repeat; other Cs are ignored by targeting with universal‐binding TALE repeats.
Ultrasonic Electrochemical Reaction on Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: Reaction Pathway and Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Hongying , Wei Guangfeng , Gao Junxia , Liu Zhipan , Zhao Guohua 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn ultrasound‐enhanced electrochemical oxidation process with boron‐doped diamond anodes is adopted and used for removing bisphenol A. The reaction activity and mechanism is evaluated and explained through experimental and theoretical methods. The structure and stability of the anode surface are illustrated and the electrochemical oxidation channels leading to ⋅OH formation are proposed using density functional calculations. Ultrasound increases the diffusion and mass transfer of ⋅OH at a high working potential (i.e., 3.0 V), while enhancing the collision frequency between organic pollutants and *O radicals at low working potentials (i.e., 1.7 V). The main intermediates determined by HPLC are hydroquinone, maleic and oxalic acids in both processes, suggesting the same degradation pathway even with ultrasound.
Combined Experimental and Computational Investigations of Rhodium‐Catalysed CH Functionalisation of Pyrazoles with Alkenes
Authors: Algarra Andrés G. , Davies David L. , Khamker Qudsia , Macgregor Stuart A. , McMullin Claire L. , Singh Kuldip , Villa‐Marcos Barbara 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDetailed experimental and computational studies have been carried out on the oxidative coupling of the alkenes C2H3Y (Y=CO2Me (a), Ph (b), C(O)Me (c)) with 3‐aryl‐5‐R‐pyrazoles (R=Me (1 a), Ph (1 b), CF3 (1 c)) using a [Rh(MeCN)3Cp*][PF6]2/Cu(OAc)2⋅H2O catalyst system. In the reaction of methyl acrylate with 1 a, up to five products (2 aa–6 aa) were formed, including the trans monovinyl product, either complexed within a novel CuI dimer (2 aa) or as the free species (3 aa), and a divinyl species (6 aa); both 3 aa and 6 aa underwent cyclisation by an aza‐Michael reaction to give fused heterocycles 4 aa and 5 aa, respectively. With styrene, only trans mono‐ and divinylation products were observed, whereas with methyl vinyl ketone, a stronger Michael acceptor, only cyclised oxidative coupling products were formed. Density functional theory calculations were performed to characterise the different migratory insertion and β‐H transfer steps implicated in the reactions of 1 a with methyl acrylate and styrene. The calculations showed a clear kinetic preference for 2,1‐insertion and the formation of trans vinyl products, consistent with the experimental results.