bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying and Avoiding Sensitive Habitats in Petroleum Operations
Authors: Deichmann J. L. , Higgins M. A. , Linares-Palomino R. , Rueda F. Carrasco , Faura M. Costa , Dallmeier F. , Alonso A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Defining and understanding the habitats in which a company is operating is a key step toward the reduction of impacts on biodiversity. Identification of vegetation types is a commonly-used method for mapping an area of operations, and these vegetation types are often used as a surrogate for plant and animal habitats, but defining these types too finely may result in limited biological importance of these types for plants and animals, and may complicate the conservation planning process. Instead, habitat maps based on more coarse-scale but biologically important data such as elevation and geologic history can result in more useful maps of plant and animal communities and can lead to better land management during operations. We created habitat maps for Blocks 39 and 57 in northeastern and south central Peru, respectively, using Landsat imagery and elevation data. In Block 39, three different geological formations, or habitat types, were identified in the map, while four were identified in Block 57. In order to confirm that the habitats identified in this study are biologically distinct in terms of plant and animal communities, CCES researchers assessed soil samples and a variety of taxonomic groups including ferns, birds, bats, amphibians and reptiles in each. The protocol requires a minimum of five days sampling for each taxonomic group in a minimum of four different areas within each distinct habitat in order to ensure thorough data collection. We then use this data to test and redefine the boundaries of habitats, and to identify habitats with communities of plants and animals of special conservation concern. In the cases of Blocks 39 and 57, recommendations were made to the company regarding where to avoid or limit operations, in order to reduce negative impacts on special habitats and improve the likelihood and cost-effectiveness of habitat restoration post-operations.
Advanced Surveying Techniques Help Increase Hydrocarbons Production While Preventing Well Collisions and HSE Risks
Authors: Poedjono Benny , Burgos Elias Chamat , Gonzalez Luis Felipe , Nava Alfredo Aparicio , Ochoa Danny , Garzon Cesar Alejandro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Continued growth in worldwide demand for oil and gas has encouraged operators in Latin America to develop reservoirs using wells drilled from congested pads. Without remedial action, this practice would lead to operational or HSE risks, both on land and offshore.
An oilfield service company has adopted a comprehensive approach to this issue by incorporating a methodology for planning and preventing the risk of well-to-well collisions while drilling in congested environments. This anticollision methodology has been used to drill thousands of wells in Latin America without the occurrence of collision events.
Along with the anticollision methodology, the development and use of advanced surveying techniques allows the placement of complex horizontal and 3D wells in congested land and offshore fields. Multiple case histories support the functionality and effectiveness of the anticollision methodology. These case histories are from operations developed in different countries and include drilling in congested offshore environments. The focus of the methodology is safety of personnel and preventing HSE incidents.
Improvement in Mechanical Lifting Safety Performance Through a Supervisor Training Program
Authors: Galindo J. Gomez , Vazquez J. Echeveste , Fox C. , Desplain O. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The use of land mobile cranes is a common activity in the oil and gas industry. Although modern lifting equipment is often fitted with safety devices and usually operated by experienced and trained operators, mechanical lifting safety incidents continue to occur.
This paper describes how an oilfield services company implemented a training program in Latin America with a special focus on enhancing lift supervisors’ ability to perform lifting observations and to intervene if necessary.
In the past, the main focus was on rigorous training for the lifting operator. However, a common finding during many incident investigations was that the lifting operator’s supervisor had not performed an intervention within the established controls. The findings showed that lack of commitment was not the main cause, but rather a lack of knowledge. It was found that in many cases the lifting equipment operator took risks that were not recognized by the supervisor.
The paper describes how the company created an intensive training program covering both theory and hands-on supervisory practice focused on supervisory competence of the lifting supervisor. It shows how the initiative has had a positive impact in four phases of the lifting operation resulting in:
Better inspection of the lifting equipment on site. Improved planning of lifting operations. More knowledgeable lifting supervisors. More effective controls used during lifting operations.
The training initiative has resulted in a reduction in the number of incidents related to mechanical lifting and a dramatic increase in lifting-related observations and interventions. The paper also describes how the training certification is helping to develop better qualified mobile crane lifting supervisors and details potential next steps such as extending the initiative to the use of forklifts. the supervisor requesting the crane operator to perform a lift that was not safe, or perform an operation using lifting appliances that were worn, damaged or otherwise out of specification and not certified.
Genetically Elevated Fetuin-A Levels, Fasting Glucose Levels, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jensen Majken K. , Bartz Traci M. , Djoussé Luc , Kizer Jorge R. , Zieman Susan J. , Rimm Eric B. , Siscovick David S. , Psaty Bruce M. , Ix Joachim H. , Mukamal Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE
Fetuin-A levels are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, but it is unknown if the association is causal. We investigated common (&gt;5%) genetic variants in the fetuin-A gene (AHSG) fetuin-A levels, fasting glucose, and risk of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Genetic variation, fetuin-A levels, and fasting glucose were assessed in 2,893 Caucasian and 542 African American community-living individuals 65 years of age or older in 1992–1993.

RESULTS
Common AHSG variants (rs4917 and rs2248690) were strongly associated with fetuin-A concentrations (P &lt; 0.0001). In analyses of 259 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were not associated with diabetes risk during follow-up and similar null associations were observed when 579 prevalent cases were included. As expected, higher fetuin-A levels were associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (1.9 mg/dL [95% CI, 1.2–2.7] higher per SD in Caucasians), but Mendelian randomization analyses using both SNPs as unbiased proxies for measured fetuin-A did not support an association between genetically predicted fetuin-A levels and fasting glucose (−0.3 mg/dL [95% CI, −1.9 to 1.3] lower per SD in Caucasians). The difference between the associations of fasting glucose with actual and genetically predicted fetuin-A level was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Results among the smaller sample of African Americans trended in similar directions but were statistically insignificant.

CONCLUSIONS
Common variants in the AHSG gene are strongly associated with plasma fetuin-A concentrations, but not with risk of type 2 diabetes or glucose concentrations, raising the possibility that the association between fetuin-A and type 2 diabetes may not be causal.
Infancy-Onset Dietary Counseling of Low-Saturated-Fat Diet Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Adolescents 15–20 Years of Age
Authors: Oranta Olli , Pahkala Katja , Ruottinen Soile , Niinikoski Harri , Lagström Hanna , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Jula Antti , Loo Britt-Marie , Simell Olli , Rönnemaa Tapani , Raitakari Olli T. 
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE
We reported previously that low-saturated-fat dietary counseling started in infancy improves insulin sensitivity in healthy children 9 years of age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lifelong dietary counseling on insulin sensitivity in healthy adolescents between 15 and 20 years of age. In addition, we examined dietary fiber intake and the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) + monounsaturated (MUFA)-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio in the intervention and control adolescents and the association of these dietary factors with homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study comprised adolescents participating in the randomized, controlled Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP) study, which aims to guide the study participants toward a diet beneficial for cardiovascular health. HOMA-IR was assessed annually between 15 and 20 years of age (n = 518; intervention, n = 245; control, n = 273), along with diet, BMI, pubertal status, serum cotinine concentrations, and physical activity. Dietary counseling was given biannually during the follow-up.

RESULTS
HOMA-IR was lower (7.5% on average) in the intervention group than in the control group between 15 and 20 years of age (P = 0.0051). The intervention effect was similar in girls and boys. The PUFA+MUFA-to-SFA ratio was higher (P &lt; 0.0001) and the dietary fiber (g/MJ) intake was higher (P = 0.0058) in the intervention group compared with the control group. There was no association between the PUFA+MUFA-to-/SFA ratio and HOMA-IR, whereas dietary fiber intake (g/MJ) was associated with HOMA-IR in girls (P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Dietary counseling initiated in infancy and maintained until 20 years of age was associated with improved insulin sensitivity in adolescents.
Influence of Fiber Inserts, Type of Composite, and Gingival Margin Location on the Microleakage in Class II Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Dhingra V , Taneja S , Kumar M , Kumari M 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARY
This study evaluated the influence of fiber inserts, type of composites, and location of the gingival seat on microleakage in Class II resin composite restorations. Fifty noncarious human third molars were selected for the study. Standardized Class II box type cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal side of 45 teeth. The gingival margin was placed above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) on the mesial side and below the CEJ on the distal side. The remaining five teeth received no cavity preparations. The prepared samples were divided randomly on the basis of type of composite and presence or absence of fiber inserts, into four experimental groups of 10 teeth each and two control groups of five teeth each. The groups were defined as follows: group I (n=10) – Z350 XT; group II (n=10) – Z350 XT with fibers; group III (n=10) – P90; group IV (n=10) – P90 with fibers; and group V (n=5) – positive controls, cavities were not restored; group VI (n=5) – negative controls, no cavities were prepared. The samples were stored in distilled water in incubator at 37°C for 24 hours and then subjected to 500 cycles of thermocycling (5°C and 55°C) with a dwell time of 15 seconds. They were then placed in a 2% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours at 37°C. Samples were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margin under a stereomicroscope at 20× magnification. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare the mean leakage scores. Restorations with gingival margins in enamel showed significantly less microleakage. Significant reduction in microleakage was observed in groups restored with P90 composite than those restored with Z350 XT. No improvement in microleakage was observed with the use of fiber inserts (p&gt;0.05).
Endoscopic ultrasonographic evaluation of the esophagus in healthy dogs
Authors: Baloi Penelope A. , Kircher Patrick R. , Kook Peter H. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the ultrasonographic appearance of the canine esophagus.
Animals—14 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) examinations were performed with a radial ultrasonographic gastrovideoscope in anesthetized dogs. Images were obtained at 3-cm intervals along the esophageal length to allow evaluation of the esophageal wall. Images were obtained with the probe in direct contact with the esophageal wall and with a water-filled balloon as a standoff.
Results—Images were obtained with (12 dogs) and without (10) the water-filled balloon. Median thickness of the esophageal wall was 2.19 mm (range, 1.03 to 5.62 mm) in the proximal third of the esophagus, 2.15 mm (range, 1.10 to 4.45 mm) in the middle third, and 2.84 mm (range, 1.35 to 5.92 mm) in the distal third. Wall thickness differed significantly between proximal and distal thirds. Results were similar when the water-filled balloon was used. Esophageal wall layers appeared as 5 alternating hyperechoic and hypoechoic bands that could not be consistently identified in all dogs. All layers could be identified in 26 of 198 (13%) images, 3 layers could be identified in 67 of 198 (34%) images, and 105 of 198 (53%) images had no layers. Visual identification of layers in images obtained with and without the balloon did not differ significantly.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—EUS appeared to be a useful technique for assessing esophageal wall integrity in dogs; however, complete evaluation of all layers could not be accomplished in all instances. Further studies with this technique in dogs are needed.
Effects of intravenous lipopolysaccharide infusion on glucose and insulin dynamics in horses with equine metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tadros Elizabeth M. , Frank Nicholas , De Witte Fiamma Gomez , Boston Raymond C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To test the hypothesis that glucose and insulin dynamics during endotoxemia differ between healthy horses and horses with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS).
Animals—6 healthy adult mares and 6 horses with EMS.
Procedures—Each horse randomly received an IV infusion of lipopolysaccharide (20 ng/kg [in 60 mL of sterile saline {0.9% NaCl} solution]) or saline solution, followed by the other treatment after a 7-day washout period. Baseline insulin-modified frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance tests were performed 27 hours before and then repeated at 0.5 and 21 hours after infusion. Results were assessed via minimal model analysis and area under the curve values for plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations.
Results—Lipopolysaccharide infusion decreased insulin sensitivity and increased area under the serum insulin concentration curve (treatment × time) in both healthy and EMS-affected horses, compared with findings following saline solution administration. The magnitude of increase in area under the plasma glucose curve following LPS administration was greater for the EMS-affected horses than it was for the healthy horses. Horses with EMS that received LPS or saline solution infusions had decreased insulin sensitivity over time.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Glucose and insulin responses to endotoxemia differed between healthy horses and horses with EMS, with greater loss of glycemic control in EMS-affected horses. Horses with EMS also had greater derangements in glucose and insulin homeostasis that were potentially stress induced. It may therefore be helpful to avoid exposure of these horses to stressful situations.
Evaluation of the effects of age and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction on corneal sensitivity in horses
Authors: Miller Chelsey , Utter Mary L. , Beech Jill 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of age and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) on corneal sensitivity in horses.
Animals—20 adult horses allocated into 3 groups (PPID group, old [> 15 years old] horses with PPID [n = 5]; old group, old [> 15 years old] horses without PPID [9]; and young group, young [≤ 10 years old] horses without PPID [6]). All horses with PPID had hirsutism and abnormal fat deposition or laminitis; none of the old or young horses had hirsutism, abnormal fat deposition, or laminitis.
Procedures—A Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer was used to measure the corneal touch threshold (CTT) in both eyes of each horse. The nylon monofilament was applied at a maximum length of 60 mm to the central region of the cornea and length was decreased by 5-mm increments until a consistent blink response was elicited. Tear production was assessed in all eyes via the Shirmer tear test (STT).
Results—Mean ± SD CTT was significantly greater for young horses (47.50 ± 4.52 mm) than for horses in the old (28.06 ± 5.72 mm) and PPID (21.5 ± 3.37 mm) groups. Old horses had significantly higher CTT values than did horses with PPID. The STT values were within the reference range for all groups and did not differ significantly among groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Corneal sensitivity decreased with both age and PPID. Because decreased corneal sensitivity is associated with impaired wound healing, increasing age and PPID may increase the risk for nonhealing or recurrent corneal ulcers in horses.
Pharmacokinetics of single-dose intragastric and intravenous pregabalin administration in clinically normal horses
Authors: Mullen Kathleen R. , Schwark Wayne , Divers Thomas J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To assess pharmacokinetics of pregabalin in horses after a single intragastric or IV dose.
Animals—5 healthy adult mares.
Procedures—Horses received 1 dose of pregabalin (approx 4 mg/kg) via nasogastric tube in a crossover-design study; after a 3-week washout period, the same dose was administered IV. Food was not withheld. Plasma pregabalin concentrations in samples obtained 0 to 36 hours after administration were measured by use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic variables were estimated by means of noncompartmental analysis.
Results—Mild sedation was observed in 2 horses following intragastric and IV pregabalin administration. Signs of mild, transient colic or behavioral abnormalities were observed in all horses following IV administration. After intragastric administration, median (range) maximal plasma concentration was 5.0 μg/mL (4.4 to 6.7 μg/mL), time to maximal plasma concentration was 1. 0 hour (0.5 to 2.0 hours), elimination half-life was 8.0 hours (6.2 to 9.4 hours), and area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) was 47.2 μg·h/mL (36.4 to 58.4 μg·h/mL). After IV administration, initial concentration was 22.2 μg/mL (19.8 to 27.7 μg/mL), elimination half-life was 7.74 hours (6.94 to 8.17 hours), and AUC0–∞ was 48.3 μg·h/mL (44.8 to 57.2 μg·h/mL). Bioavailability was 97.7% (80.7% to 109.8%). Median predicted values for minimal, mean, and maximal steady-state plasma concentrations after intragastric administration assuming an 8-hour dosing interval were 3.9, 5.3, and 6.3 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—At a simulated intragastric dosage of approximately 4 mg/kg every 8 hours, median pregabalin steady-state plasma concentration in healthy horses was within the therapeutic range reported for humans. Therapeutic concentrations and safety of this dosage have not been established in horses.
Taxonomic significance of spermoderm pattern in Cucurbitaceae
Authors: Ali M. Ajmal , Al-Hemaid Fahad M.A. , Pandey Arun K. , Lee Joongku 
Published: June 2013

Studies on spermoderm using scanning electron microscope (SEM) were undertaken in 12 taxa under 11 genera of the family Cucurbitaceae sampled from India, China and Korea. The spermoderm pattern in the studied taxa varies from rugulate, reticulate to colliculate type. The spermoderm shows rugulate type in Benincasa hispida and Sicyos angulatus; reticulate type in Citrullus colocynthis, Cucumis melo var. agrestis, Diplocyclos palmatus, Hemsleya longivillosa, Luffa echinata, Momordica charantia, M. cymbalaria, Schizopepon bryoniifolius, and Trichosanthes cucumerina; and colliculate type in Gynostemma laxiflorum. The present study clearly reveals that the testa features greatly varies across the genera which can be used as micromorphological markers for identification as well as character states for deducing relationship of the taxa within the family.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15465Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(1): 61-65, 2013 (June)
Evaluation of surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation in Pomeranian dogs
Authors: Theyse L. F. H. , Techakumphu M. , Soontornvipart K. , Hazewinkel H.A.W. , Wangdee C. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIn a prospective study, the outcome of surgical correction of medial patellar luxation of 70 stifle joints in 55 Pomeranian dogs was evaluated. Trochlear block recession alone was performed in 46 stifle joints, or in combination with tibial tuberosity transposition in 24 stifle joints in cases with grade II, III or IV medial patellar luxation. Additional procedures were performed to restore lateral and medial retinacular function. The recurrence of patellar luxation and the degree of lameness were evaluated up to at least 16 weeks after surgery. The overall recurrence rate was 10%. The outcome of surgery was considered good for grade II luxation with a 100% success rate. Recurrent medial patellar luxation was diagnosed in approximately 11% of dogs with grade III and in 36% of dogs with grade IV luxation. The postoperative lameness score decreased significantly in comparison with the preoperative score at four weeks and thereafter until the end of the study.
Ce que « bien éduquer » veut dire
Authors: Delay Christophe , Frauenfelder Arnaud 
Published: June 2013

Selon de nombreux sociologues, on assiste depuis 1970 à un mouvement de transformation des mœurs familiales caractérisées par l’émergence à la fois d’un nouveau régime familial (une famille « relationnelle » basée sur une forte affectivité où chaque partenaire jouit d’une grande autonomie) mais aussi d’un nouveau modèle de savoir éduquer (fondé sur une autorité plus souple, négociée entre parents et enfants). Or, du fait de leur diffusion sociale inégale, ces transformations des mœurs alimentent des malentendus, dans la rencontre qui se noue au quotidien entre professionnels de diverses instances éducatives et certaines familles populaires à faible capital scolaire. En se basant sur divers matériaux (entretiens qualitatifs, analyse de dossiers), cet article vise à mieux comprendre ceux-ci en montrant ce qu’ils doivent à la position sociale des acteurs en question.
Gated communities et contrôle de l'espace urbain. Un état des lieux
Authors: Porcu Manuela 
Published: June 2013

Cet article traite certaines des thématiques mises en cause par la diffusion des « gated communities », complexes résidentiels privés et surveillés, dans lesquels l’accès aux non-résidents est interdit. Après une présentation des principales caractéristiques de cette typologie d’habitation, l’article établit un lien entre la diffusion des quartiers sécurisés et les changements des formes de contrôle dans les villes contemporaines. Les « gated communities » assurent la sécurité et la tranquillité des résidents à travers le gouvernement de l’espace, une surveillance constante et l’exclusion des comportements non conformes, stratégies qui semblent être toujours plus fréquentes dans la gestion des espaces urbains.