bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on first-aids' quality of volunteer network of pre-hospital trauma care system in Vietnam
Authors: Tran TNL , Nguyen TL , Luong MA , Tran AT , Nguyen QT , Khieu TQT 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe majority of trauma deaths occur in pre-hospital settings. Pre-hospital trauma care system built on first responders' network (such as village health workers, police, bystanders, volunteers, and others) with 3000 people in five provinces, which were trained and provided first aid to injured victims.Objectives and methodsDetermine proportion of injured victim provided first aid by volunteers and quality of first aid evaluated by doctors in 5 months.ResultsThere were 3320 cases recorded by volunteers. In which, 61.1% of first aid cases were transferred to health care facilities (40.5% road traffic injuries). 67.2% of victims was male, and at the age of 20–39 was highest. 81.8% victims were transferred by motorbikes (by ambulance is only 3%). Bleeding injury was most popular with rate of 60%. 68.3% had been provided first aid by bandages, 62.8% by stopping bleeding. 91–99% cases were evaluated well—first aid quality by provincial level doctors.SignificanceThis has been a very successful programme and there is high potential for them to positively impact upon mortality and disability through the care they render. However, there are several smaller, technical items that could be addressed to strengthen the programme: consumable of first aid kits, training course methods, protocol for airway management for transport without accompanying person trained in first aid and refresher training.
Regional rural injury study III: the roles of injury type and injured body part in determining short- and long-term consequences of injuries among children on agricultural operations
Authors: Ryan A , Gerberich S , Alexander B , Renier C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundChildren living on agricultural operations are at high risk of work-related injury.Aims/Objectives/PurposeEvaluate the effects of anatomical location of and type of injury on short- and long-term consequences among children (<20 years old) on agricultural operations.MethodsData were collected for 1474 eligible agricultural operation households in Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota and Nebraska. Two 6-month injury data collection periods followed baseline collection; annual follow-up evaluation data were collected for 2 years. By comparing youth in case and control households, changes between baseline and follow-up were examined. Multivariate logistic regression and cumulative logit models characterised associations between injury status and long-term health- and work-related characteristics.Results/OutcomeAnatomical locations most frequently injured among youth were legs (39%) and arms (35%). Frequently occurring injury types included fractures/dislocations (27%) and sprains/strains (23%). Brain/spine injuries, while infrequent (5%), were among the most severe: all required treatment by a health care professional. Characteristics of youths in case households were compared to those in control households at different intervals post-injury reporting period: youths with brain/spine injuries were seven times more likely to have trouble with pain/discomfort at 1 year; arm and leg injuries were associated with lower odds of feeling happy at 6 months (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9); fractures/dislocations were associated with elevated risks of not completing work/chores at 1 year.Significance/Contribution to the FieldShort- and long-term consequences of injuries among youths on agricultural operations differ by injury type and anatomical location, interfering with regular activities, and impacting work productivity.
The 2012 action plan for preventing childhood agricultural injuries in the USA
Authors: Lee B , Gallagher S , Liebman A , Miller M , Marlenga B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundMore than one million children live on farms in the USA and many more visit and/or work on the 2.2 million farms where they are exposed to an array of occupational hazards.PurposeSince the USA adopted its 1996 National Action Plan for Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention, injury surveillance revealed a decline by 59% of nonfatal injuries but minimal change in fatalities. Research and intervention evaluations highlighted the importance of multifaceted strategies to influence behaviour change.MethodsTo update the national plan, 16 scholars authored papers on topics relevant to children, agriculture and safety. Their peer-reviewed manuscripts with action recommendations guided a six-member team that drafted and refined a 2012 National Action Plan. Input was secured from various audiences, including a public posting on the internet.ResultsTangible outcomes include a dedicated issue ofJournal of Agromedicine: Practice, Policy and Researchfeaturing surveillance, special populations, global strategies, and related topics; and a comprehensive document depicting the 2012 action plan's seven goals with their respective strategies, background, injury data, news reports of child injuries and deaths, and references to justify goals and strategies.SignificanceShort-term, theBlueprint for Protecting Children in Agriculture: 2012 National Action Planserves as a guidance document for public and private funding of priority areas, as well as direction for researchers, educators and practitioners to address the most pressing issues. Long-term, this has potential to influence interventions that will continue the reduction in childhood agricultural injuries and impact the number of youth fatalities.
Abusive head trauma incidence and prevention in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Melissa Kaltner , Justin Kenardy , Robyne Le Brocque , Andrew Page , William Lilley , Anne Stephens 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAbusive head trauma (AHT), including both shaken baby syndrome and inflicted traumatic brain injury, has been reported to be the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in physically abused infants. Despite the serious nature of injuries evident in AHT cases, no Australian AHT incidence figures had previously been reported in published literature.AimsIn order to inform prevention measures, a study was designed to ascertain the public health burden of AHT in Queensland, with a subsequent prevention programme trial developed.MethodsQueensland Trauma Registry data was linked to the Queensland Child Death Register to identify all cases of severe head injuries caused by abuse and suspected abuse in Queensland infants aged 0–24 months occurring during the 4-year period of 2005–2008.ResultsAn annual incidence of 6.7 (CI 2.8 to 13.1) cases of abusive head trauma per 100 000 infants aged 0–24 months was established. Rates ratios indicated that incidence was higher for children aged under 12 months, male infants and infants of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ethnicity.Contribution to the FieldThe study provided the first Australian incidence estimates of abusive head trauma, indicating similar rates to that reported in age-incidence peaks for other forms of childhood injury. Findings from the study are being utilised to inform the implementation of a prevention programme trial that will also be overviewed in this presentation which is currently underway in Cooktown, Queensland.
Expanded measure of paediatric injury
Authors: Silbinger O , Zimmerman D , Frydman E , Ivancovsky M , Kovalski N 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAn accepted method of estimating the paediatric injury rate is to use the prevalence of emergency department (ED) visits. However, children may receive injury care in other locations.Aims/Objectives/Purpose(1) Estimate the paediatric injury rate using both ED and community urgent care centres (UCC) visits and (2) Compare injury, utilisation and demographic variables between paediatric ED and UCC use.Methods(1) Estimation of the injury rate for two cities (Jerusalem and Maale Adumim)—defined as the number of resident children ages 1–17 who visited either UCC or ED (not both) due to injuries in 2009 divided by the number of paediatric residents multiplied by 10 000. (2) Comparison of injury type, demographic and visit variables between ED and UCC.Results/OutcomesThe ‘expanded’ injury rate for Jerusalem and Maale Adumim was 729.3 and 1075.9, respectively. This ‘joint’ value is 2.1 and 3.3 times higher, respectively, than the estimate by ED visits alone. The percentage of males and average age were higher in the ED than in either UCC location. Percentage of ED use decreases with age. There are statistically significant different in the types of injury among children who received care in the two different settings. Contusions and lacerations were more common in UCC and vehicular accidents more common in ED.Significance/Contribution to the FieldInjury rate calculation based on ED visits alone can lead to misconceptions. Proper estimation of injury incidence requires also data from alternative sources of care.
LEADERSHIP PRACTICES RELATED TO UNINTENTIONAL INJURY PREVENTION AT SCHOOLS
Authors: Markkula J , Saaristo V , Lillsunde P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA safe school environment for pupils is ensured by law in Finland. However, according to national School Health Promotion Study in 2010/2011 almost every fourth 8thand 9thgrader (14–15-year-olds) reported they had got into at least one school injury requiring services of a public health nurse or a doctor.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to find out what common practices comprehensive schools have related to prevention of unintentional school injuries, and what has changed over time.MethodsIn 2011 altogether 2011 and in 2009 1803 comprehensive schools (72% and 63% of all schools in Finland) answered to a nationwide questionnaire sent to principals.ResultsIn 2011, 87% of schools reported that the promotion of health, welfare and safety was described in their school curriculum. Monitoring and evaluating health, welfare and safety was described in the curriculum of 60%. 71% monitored injuries at school and 62% on the way to or from school: compared to previous study there was a slight increase. There was an increase from 40% to 55% in triennially assessing the health and safety of the school environment and community, as ordered by a government decree since July 2009. The most recent assessment by schools identified a danger of unintentional injury indoors in 23% and outdoors in 26% of the schools.Contribution to the fieldAccording to the results it seems that legislation might further support implementing safety practice that was formerly only recommended nationally. Also monitoring safety practices at national level provides valuable information for the basis of policymaking.
Are schools in Macedonia ready to achieve children‘s environmental and health policy priority goals?
Authors: Dimovska M , Gjorgjev D , Tozija F 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRepublic of Macedonia has committed itself to prepare an Action Plan (CEHAPE) to reduce and control the environmental risks which are responsible for 25–35% of the global burden of disease of school children.ObjectivesTo assess the level of awareness of school children about environmental health risks and readiness of schools to achieve CEHAPE priority goals related among others to injury prevention and control.Material and MethodsCross-sectional study was conducted applying two survey questionnaires on a national representative sample of 1359 students (12–18 years) in the country.ResultsStudents are more concerned about air pollution from road traffic as an environmental health risk than road traffic injuries. Student awareness of injuries and violence is very low despite the high rate of injuries (30%) and bulling (10%). Student transport to school is mostly organised by public transport, taxi or private cars. Education for safe cycling is provided in 6 of 10 schools, without having ‘safe routs for walking and cycling’, neither places for keeping bicycles or separate entrance for cyclists. School plan for travelling is reported in 7 schools out of 13.SignificanceSince safety schools are among the priorities in the national children's environmental and health policy, active involvement of children and young people should be the fundament of this process.
Street children and road traffic injuries: a neglected association in prevention strategies in Nigeria
Authors: Abdulraheem I , Tobin-West C , Bolarinwa A , Uthmam M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe volume of road traffic and the number of street children are increasing in major towns and cities in Nigeria since 1999.ObjectiveThe objectives include understanding and documentation of the nature and extent of injuries experienced by street children and their coping strategies, and to understand the categories of those responsible and suggest preventive measures.MethodsQualitative data collection techniques such as informal interview and case study were carried out. Information was obtained from 250 street children selected using convenience sampling technique.ResultsOf the 250 children interviewed, 136 (54.4%) confirmed sustaining one road traffic injuries. About one-third (44 or 32.3%) of these injuries resulted from a knockdown by a speedy vehicle, while 28 (20.6%) was due to fall from a moving motor-cycle. Injuries (minor and deep cuts) purposefully inflicted by other persons accounted for 16 (11.8%). Firearms (stray bullets) led to 3 (2.2%) sustaining bad wounds and fractures while injury undetermined whether by accident or purposefully inflicted was 23 (2.3%). The culprits or perpetrators of these accidents were mostly poorly trained and unlicenced drivers (56.7%), alcoholic drunk drivers (36.8%), speedy bank drivers (2.2%) and armed escort drivers of government vehicles (4.3%).Significance and Contribution to the FieldThe findings from this study are of paramount importance to policy makers, law enforcement agencies, youths and community leaders in instituting effective preventive strategies that aimed at reducing mortality and morbidity. This study revealed that the road traffic injuries among the street children are mainly caused by poorly trained and unlicensed drivers
Injury patterns and safety behaviour of child pedestrians in the ultra Orthodox Jewish Community
Authors: Silbinger O , Levi S , Hamenachem Y , Klein M , Ivancovsky M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoad crashes are a primary cause of injury among children in Israel. The Ultra-Orthodox Jewish (UOJ) population in Israel is characterised by low socioeconomic status, large families, low employment, and a low level of secular educational attainment, all of which may affect the safety of children in this community. Safety experts surmise that UOJ children are at greater risk for injuries in road crashes, however to date there is insufficient data supporting this hypothesis.ObjectivesCharacterise injury patterns and identify risk taking behaviours of child pedestrians in the UOJ community.MethodsAnalysis of injury data based on national traffic injury, trauma registry, and emergency department data. Observational surveys of child pedestrians at intersections and on arrival to school in UOJ communities.ResultsFindings demonstrate that child pedestrians in UOJ communities are at higher risk of injury, percent of UOJ children injured 1.5 times the general Jewish population. Hospital data point to higher admissions for age 0–9 from UOJ communities (82.5%) in contrast to comparison communities (65%). Observational surveys point to unique risk taking behaviours: overall 63% of the children crossed at intersections in an unsafe manner and 22% of children age 3–5 crossed without adult supervision.Contribution to the FieldFirst in depth analysis of injury and behaviours of UOJ child pedestrians corroborates the long-standing belief that this community is at risk for road injuries. Interventions must be tailored to the culture and setting of the UOJ community.
The evaluation of general swimming and safety swimming programmers
Authors: Ekchaloemkiet S , Gerdmongkolgan S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDrowning is the first leading cause of death for children age lower than 15 years. The mortality rate per 100 000 children aged 0–14 years is between 9.3 and 11.5, (2004–2008). A survey on the swimming ability of Thai children under 15 reveals that only 16.3% of them can swim.ObjectiveTo evaluate of general swimming and safety swimming programme.MethodologyThis study is the Quasi-Experimental Research, which has the objective to evaluate the three group of children's the ability to swim and skills to make them survive when they have crisis during swim. These groups of children were given the different swimming courses.ResultThe result of the study showed that after completion of the courses, there were no significant differences among three groups of children in terms of the ability to swim, when they were tested to swim for 25 m distance. However, in terms of ability to perform safety and rescue swimming, the children in group 1 demonstrated more effective than other children from groups 2 and 3, respectively.Conclusion and DiscussionIn summary, we found that the children who took part in the course that specific for safety and rescue swimming had more ability than ones who took part in general swimming course. Therefore, the safety and rescue swimming courses (survival swimming curriculum) should be promoted widely throughout the country, and this will help to reduce the death of children due to drowning.
Understanding use of child restraints in Australian aboriginal families: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Hunter K , Keay L , Clapham K , Lyford M , Brown J , Bilston L , Lo W , Ivers R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAboriginal children are over represented in car crash fatalities, however little is known about knowledge and attitudes towards use of child restraints in Aboriginal communities in Australia.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo explore the knowledge, attitudes and factors that impede and facilitate the use of appropriate restraints in Aboriginal communities.MethodsA mixed method approach included a parent survey across three early learning centres where approximately a third of children are of Aboriginal descent on the Australian south-east coast, and six focus groups, comprising 38 parents recruited from the early learning centres and two urban Aboriginal Controlled Health services.Results/OutcomesSurvey data showed while the majority of families (90/97, 94%) were aware of the new restraint legislation and 80 (83%) correctly identified the restraint for their child's age as defined by the law, there were gaps in knowledge about transition ages, particularly for when to move their child to a booster seat (legislated age four or older). In the focus groups, parents expressed some confusion about the new legislation and when to progress a child from one restraint to the next. Both the cost of restraints and sharing rides with other families were identified as barriers. Parents said their child's safety was of paramount importance to them and that relatives and other community members influenced how their child travelled.Significance/Contributions to the FieldThis study highlights the factors that should be addressed in programmes targeting restraint use in Aboriginal populations.
Distance course for child injury prevention in Brazil
Authors: Francoia A , Gonsales L 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn Brazil, 4700 children under 15 years old die and 125 000 are hospitalised each year due to non-intentional injuries, such as traffic, drowning, fall, burn, poisoning, chocking, among others. According to Ministry of Health, non-intentional injuries are the leading cause of death between the ages of 1 and 14.ObjectivesSafe Kids has created a distance course for multipliers to educate the community to promote injury prevention related to children.MethodsThe course is online and includes eight lessons within 60 h. To conclude the course and receive a certification, participants have to create an ‘Action Plan’ of activities to be developed in their communities.ResultsIn 2011, Safe Kids was performed four classes of the course for 1520 professionals of education, social, health, and other areas attended the courses. These professionals are in 25 States of Brazil, 80% are women, aged between 31 and 40 and 80% have completed higher education. The great result is their ability to multiply the message and transformation of reality. They have reached 13 905 children and 10 011 adults with lectures, community events, student classes and advocacy. When measure knowledge about injury prevention, they had 6 in the pretest and 8.4 in the post-test.SignificanceThe results reveal that the information was relevant to participants and really changed theirs perception about prevention of accidents involving children. A total of 90% changed their behaviour to prevent injury related to children.
Evaluation of noise producing toys and the product standard criteria
Authors: McLaren S , Parker L , Page W 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundA selection of commercially available imported toys was assessed for acoustic safety by testing to the voluntary toy safety Standard. The results were compared to allowable noise levels for adults in a working environment.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe aim was to establish whether the revised toy Standard sets a voluntary acoustic level which offers sufficient hearing protection for children and identify changes to protect potential hearing damage in young children in future.MethodsA number of commercially available toys were obtained and tested for compliance with the acoustic provisions of the 2002 and 2010 V of the Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS ISO 8124.1, with consideration as to how they might be played with or used.Results/OutcomeThe examination revealed that many toys produced unacceptably high noise levels. It also highlighted that the revised Standard criteria exempted squeeze toys and rattles. No acoustical criteria were included for toys promoted as enhancing educational outcomes. No tolerance levels were included in the standard to account for interpretation of data and experimental error. This suggests a failure of the Standard to provide adequate hearing protection for young children. Amendments to the criteria have been recommended.Significance/Contribution to the FieldChildren may play with noisy toys for extended periods, or hold toys closer to the ear than expected by suppliers, which may be considered to be ‘reasonably foreseeable misuse’, as defined in AS/NZS ISO 8124.1. Failure to address this issue now may result in increasing incidence of early hearing impairment in future, raising questions of fiscal, educational and social cost.Conference topicProduct safetyConference themeSafety design and sustainability oral presentation