bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing cancer immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy by regulating gut microbes: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Xu Jie , Tian Yaomei , Hu Die , Yan Xi , Yang Li 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the largest microecosystem in the human body, gut microbes (GMs) and their metabolites play an important role in regulating human health. In recent years, immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) combined with antiangiogenic agents is an emerging combination therapy for cancer. There is growing evidence that GMs can affect the effectiveness of drugs to treat cancer. GMs not only regulate angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, but also influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Many studies show that Bifidobacterium can upregulate the anticancer function of immune checkpoint blockers. In addition, GMs have been found to be involved in the formation of blood vessels and other developmental processes. Clinically, GMs are believed to play a key role in patients receiving antiangiogenic therapy and ICT. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the composition and function of the gut microbiome, and discuss the role of the GMs against the conditioning of angiogenic therapy and ICT. We also summarize new approaches and clinical translational trials using GMs for cancer therapy, and present opportunities and challenges for targeting GMs for cancer therapy in the future.
Superposition‐based concurrent multiscale approaches for porodynamics
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhang Jian‐Min , Fish Jacob , Wang Rui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study presents superposition‐based concurrent multiscale approaches for porodynamics, capable of capturing related physical phenomena, such as soil liquefaction and dynamic hydraulic fracture branching, across different spatial length scales. Two scenarios are considered: superposition of finite element discretizations with varying mesh densities, and superposition of peridynamics (PD) and finite element method (FEM) to handle discontinuities like strain localization and cracks. The approach decomposes the acceleration and the rate of change in pore water pressure into subdomain solutions approximated by different models, allowing high‐fidelity models to be used locally in regions of interest, such as crack tips or shear bands, without neglecting the far‐field influence represented by low‐fidelity models. The coupled stiffness, mass, compressibility, permeability, and damping matrices were derived based on the superposition‐based current multiscale framework. The proposed FEM‐FEM porodynamic coupling approach was validated against analytical or numerical solutions for one‐ and two‐dimensional dynamic consolidation problems. The PD‐FEM porodynamic coupling model was applied to scenarios like soil liquefaction‐induced shear strain accumulation near a low‐permeability interlayer in a layered deposit and dynamic hydraulic fracturing branching. It has been shown that the coupled porodynamic model offers modeling flexibility and efficiency by taking advantage of FEM in modeling complex domains and the PD ability to resolve discontinuities.
Assigning parcel destinations to drop‐off points in a congested robotic sorting system
Authors: Chen Yuerong , Xu Xianhao , Zou Bipan , De Koster René , Gong Yeming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAutonomous mobile robots are increasingly used for order picking, order delivery, and parcel sorting. This article studies a robotic sorting system that uses robots to transport parcels from loading stations to drop‐off points. While this system provides more flexible throughput capacity than conventional sorting systems, its performance is significantly affected by the robot travel distance and robot congestion. We study the problem of assigning parcel destinations to drop‐off points to minimize the throughput time, trading off travel distance and congestion. First, an open queuing network (OQN) with finite capacity queues is constructed to estimate the congested throughput time. A decomposition method based on the analysis of the tandem queuing network of each aisle is developed to solve the OQN. Second, using the obtained throughput time as an objective and the destination assignments as decisions, we formulate an optimization model and solve the problem using an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm. We validate the accuracy of the OQN by simulation and verify the efficiency of the ALNS algorithm by comparing it with Gurobi, a tabu search algorithm, several heuristic assignment rules, and the rule used by our case company, that assigns high demands close to loading stations. The results show that the ALNS solution provides a relatively low throughput time by dispersing destinations with high demands over drop‐off points. In addition, we investigate the effects of different system layouts and travel path topologies. We also show that the ALNS assignment rule produces substantially lower operational costs than the heuristic assignment rules for a given required throughput capacity.
Innovative imaging of iron deposits using cross‐gradient joint inversion of potential field data with petrophysical correlation
Authors: Sadraeifar Bardiya , Abedi Maysam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates the application of the cross‐gradient joint inversion method to investigate iron mineralization zones within a volcano‐sedimentary environment. The presence of minerals with intense contrasts in density or magnetic susceptibility, such as hematite or magnetite, facilitates modelling the distribution of ore bodies with depth. Our approach involves establishing a unified interpretation of reconstructed density and susceptibility models through both independent and joint inversion with sparsity regularization in conjunction with a petrophysical model resulting from core data. This approach provides an ideal strategy to uncover the realistic geologic setting of iron ore deposits. We initially simulated a synthetic model closely resembling real‐case scenarios to assess the efficacy of the cross‐gradient joint inversion algorithm in comparison to independent inversion. Subsequently, the inversion algorithms were implemented on gravity and magnetic data, collected over an area of 500 × 600 m2 in Shavaz iron‐bearing deposits located in the central Iranian block. The primary iron oxide–apatite type mineralization in the study area is associated with the Nain–Dehshir–Baft fault as a NW–SE trending strike‐slip fault. Although both inversion methods yield satisfactory models, incorporating the cross‐gradient constraint in joint inversion resulted in a more constrained delineation of iron–oxide ore deposits in the fault system. This improvement facilitates the differentiation between hematite and a small percentage of magnetite, providing a more accurate estimation of ore depth. Inversion results suggest that the magnetite mineralization is coated with extensive hematite mineralization and both are positioned relatively within the same depth interval, covered by approximately a 15–25 m sequence of sediments.
The intricate relationship between obesity, type 2 diabetes and female breast cancer: A retrospective study of 335 women
Authors: Milani Ilaria , Gaita Chiara , Guarisco Gloria , Chinucci Marianna , Parisella Roberta , Piroli Silvia , Bruno Eleonora , Martellucci Annunziata , De Falco Elena , Ricci Fabio , Calogero Antonella , Leonetti Frida , Capoccia Danila 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for female breast cancer (FBC). Obesity has also been associated with FBC, also depending on menopausal status. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of obesity and T2D on the development, aggressiveness, and invasiveness of FBC.MethodsDemographic, clinical, and histopathological data from 335 women with FBC were collected, and analyzed according to weight category (102 normal weight, 117 overweight, and 116 living with obesity) and the presence/absence of T2D.ResultsAge at oncologic diagnosis was not statistically significantly different for body weight; women with overweight or obesity were more likely to have an oncologic diagnosis after menopause than normal weight (p < 0.001). The presence of overweight/obesity and T2D seemed to be associated with a higher incidence of metastasis, recurrence, and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype (p < 0.001). Excess body weight was also associated with high histologic grade (G3) (p < 0.005).ConclusionsThese results confirm excess body weight and T2D as unfavorable prognostic factors in terms of the presence of the TNBC subtype, tumor metastasis, recurrence, and aggressiveness (G3 and Ki‐67 > 20%). This study highlights the importance of prevention in all women, with early screening, and adequate nutritional programs.
Incorporating intensity modulated total body irradiation into a Children's Oncology Group trial: Rationale, techniques, and safeguards
Authors: Milgrom Sarah A. , Dandapani Savita V. , Wong Jeffrey , Kalapurakal John , Smith Koren S. , Han Chunhui , Simiele Eric , Hua Chia‐ho , Fitzgerald Thomas J. , Kry Stephen , Wong Kenneth , Symons Heather , Kovalchuk Nataliya , Hiniker Susan M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHistorically, total body irradiation (TBI) has been delivered using static, parallel opposed photon beams (2D‐TBI). Recently, centers have increasingly used intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques for TBI. Relative to 2D‐TBI, IMRT can reduce doses to critical organs (i.e., lungs and kidneys) while delivering myeloablative doses to the rest of the body, so it may decrease the risk of toxicity while maintaining oncologic outcomes. Despite these potential benefits, delivering TBI using IMRT introduces new challenges in treatment planning and delivery. We describe the extensive experience with IMRT‐based TBI at Stanford University and City of Hope Cancer Center. These groups, and others, have reported favorable clinical outcomes and have developed methods to optimize treatment planning and delivery. A critical next step is to evaluate the broader adoption of this approach. Therefore, IMRT‐based TBI will be incorporated into a prospective, multi‐institutional Children's Oncology Group study with careful procedures and safeguards in place.
Improving interfacial bonding and impact characteristics of Sandwich composites by interweaving carbon fiber
Authors: Rajesh Shalaka , Taywade Soham Ravindra , Devaraj Selwyn Jebadurai , Arputham Arul Jeya Kumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSandwich composites consist of two external face sheets and an inner core, offering enhanced strength, stiffness, and weight efficiency. While widely used across industries like construction, marine, automotive, and aerospace, they do have drawbacks such as buckling, low damage resistance, and delamination. This study focused on fabricating two sandwich composite plates using the vacuum infusion method, with PVC foam as the core and glass fiber face sheets and epoxy resin as the binding agent. One plate had carbon fibers interwoven into the core to improve interfacial fracture toughness and low‐velocity impact resistance. Testing based on ASTM standards revealed significant enhancements with the addition of interwoven carbon fibers. The composite with carbon fibers exhibited a 98.26% increase in interfacial fracture toughness and a 22.368% increase in peak force during low‐velocity impact, indicating superior load‐bearing capacity. Moreover, it demonstrated a 2.08% improvement in total energy absorption and a 9.83% increase in total deformation compared to the standard composite material. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating carbon fibers into sandwich composites for enhanced performance under varied conditions.Highlights
Two sandwich composite sheets were manufactured using vacuum infusion process
One sheet consisted carbon fiber interwoven in the core material of the composite
Interfacial fracture toughness test was conducted using modified three‐point bend test
Low velocity impact test was performed for the two specimens
The results of the two tests for both the specimens were compared and evaluated
Miscible blends of chemically‐modified poly(phenylene oxides) with styrene copolymers containing polar groups
Authors: Chung James Yoon‐Jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPoly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) is well‐known to be miscible with polystyrene, but immiscible with styrene copolymers containing polar groups. Certain nitrated‐PPOs (NPPOs) were found to be miscible with copolymers of styrene/acrylonitrile (SANs), copolymers of styrene/maleic anhydride (SMAs), a terpolymer of α‐methylstyrene/styrene/acrylonitrile (α‐MS/S/AN), and a copolymer of o‐ and p‐chlorostyrene (PCS). Also, certain simultaneously nitrated‐ and chlorinated‐PPOs (NCPPOs) were found to be miscible with SANs, SMAs and PCS whereas immiscible with the α‐MS/S/AN. The miscibility was indicated by the presence of a single composition‐dependent glass‐transition temperature for a given blend across the entire range of blend compositions tested. The miscibility of the aforementioned NPPOs and NCPPOs blends with SAN1 and SMA1 is attributed to hydrogen bonding of hydroxy groups of NPPOs and NCPPOs with nitrile groups and carbonyl groups, respectively, based on the literature information. The hydroxy groups were generated during nitration and simultaneous nitration/chlorination of PPO as a result of nucleophilic chain scission. Miscible blends of ‐NPPO/SAN and ‐NPPO/SMA with ABS1 showed a substantially better balance of the following properties than a comparable immiscible‐NPPO/SAN blend and a ‐PPO/SAN blend with ABS1: notched Izod impact strength, tensile properties, heat distortion temperature and gasoline stress‐crack resistance.Highlights
Nitration and simultaneous nitration/chlorination of PPO generated hydroxyl end groups.
Certain NPPOs and NCPPOs were miscible with SANs, SMAs and PCS.
Miscibility indicated by a single composition dependent Tg for a given blend.
Miscibility attributed to hydrogen bonding of respective functional groups.
Impact‐modified miscible‐NPPO/SAN blends and ‐NPPO/SMA blends with ABS1 as impact modifier had good key properties.
Synchronous Isotopic Curves in Ice Wedges of the Batagay Yedoma: Precision Matching and Similarity Scoring
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij K. , Vasil'chuk Alla C. , Budantseva Nadine A. , Vasil'chuk Jessica Yu. , Ginzburg Alexander P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study is to compare the results of the stable isotope analysis (δ18O, δ2H, and deuterium excess values) of parallel and synchronous ice wedges exposed in one outcrop in the upper part of the Batagay Yedoma (67.58° N, 134.77° E) and to estimate their precision, that is, a measure of similarity of independent isotope results of two ice wedges. Detailed sampling of two syngenetic ice wedges (IW‐17 and IW‐20) for isotope analysis was carried out in the exposure of the thermo‐erosional ravine in the southeastern part of the Batagay megaslump. In total, results of 105 measurements for IW‐17 and 59 measurements for IW‐20 were obtained. According to 14C AMS ages of organic microinclusions in the ice‐wedge ice, the studied ice wedges began to form no later than 42 cal ka BP. The termination of their growth was dated to about 11.7 cal ka BP. For both ice wedges, generally low isotope values were obtained. For the IW‐17, the mean values are −34.38‰ for δ18O, −264.82‰ for δ2H, and 10.2‰ for dexc. For IW‐20, the mean isotope values are −34.09‰ for δ18O, −262.91‰ for δ2H, and 9.84‰ for dexc. Statistical tests showed significant correlations between the isotope data in the upper parts of ice wedges that may be explained by similar conditions during their growth at this stage. Our results allow us to refine the solutions to the two main issues studied of the Late Pleistocene Yedoma: the age of the ice wedges, the accuracy of the isotope profiles, and the paleotemperature interpretation of the isotope records.
Cell wall polysaccharides determine cooking quality in cassava roots
Authors: Sathitnaitham Sukhita , Ceballos Hernan , Wonnapinij Passorn , Kraichak Ekaphan , Utthiya Supanut , Suttangkakul Anongpat , Gomez Leonardo D. , Kittipadakul Piya , Siriwong Nongnuch , Kongsil Pasajee , Vuttipongchaikij Supachai 
Published: August 2024

Social Impact StatementCassava is a vital food source for millions worldwide, crucial for food security and economic stability. This study analyzed cell wall polysaccharides in cassava roots to understand their impact on cooking properties. We found these polysaccharides influence the textural attributes of cassava roots, essential for both cooking and consumption. The research highlights the need to further identify and analyze cassava cell wall components. By improving our understanding of these components, we can improve food security, affordability, and resilience in diverse regions, ultimately contributing to global food security and better aligning with consumer preferences.Summary

The textural attributes of cassava roots significantly influence preferences in cooking and consumption as a food source, yet the specific components dictating these properties remain unclear. We aimed to identify the factors shaping the cooking properties of cassava roots.
We conducted a compositional analysis of 22 traits in a diverse F1 biparental population derived from soft‐ and hard‐boiling progenitors. The traits encompassed cooking qualities, starch properties, and cell wall composition.
Specific cell wall components including cellulose, xylan, un‐esterified, and methyl‐esterified homogalacturonan (HG) demonstrated a correlation with cooking quality attributes: sensory assessments related to texture (SAT) and water absorption during boiling (WAB). Correlation and regression analyses revealed that these wall components collectively contribute to 20% of SAT variability and 14% of WAB variability. SAT appeared to be influenced by methyl‐esterified and un‐esterified HGs, xylan, and cellulose, impacting the tensile strength of the cell wall. Conversely, WAB appeared to be associated with methyl‐esterified HG, potentially altering water absorption properties. Although genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) were unable to identify significant SNPs for SAT and WAB, notable associations emerged for cellulose, xylan, and un‐esterified‐ and methyl‐esterified HG. Candidate genes associated with these SNPs point towards diverse cell wall‐related proteins, transcription factors, sugar metabolism‐related genes, and glycosyl hydrolases.
This study provides insights into the relationship between cassava root compositions and cooking characteristics and the role of wall components in determining the cooking quality of edible cassava. This information represents a substantial contribution towards the development of protocols for selecting varieties with texture preferences.
Between spaces: Unravelling motives and distances in internal migration
Authors: Lichner Ivan , Baláž Vladimír , Jeck Tomáš 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDistance, economic disparities and housing market conditions are considered key moderators of internal migration. Existing research has used panels and surveys to establish the drivers of and barriers to domestic moves. This research employs administrative data on all Slovak internal migrants in 1997–2022 (2.38 million moves). The individual migrant data are associated with regional characteristics such as wages, unemployment rates, business activity, housing construction, the ethnic composition of the population, and connections to trans‐European transport network (TEN‐T) motorway networks. Zero‐inflated (ZI) regression models help to identify the key moderators of internal moves through reported migration motives and major structural barriers to migration. Gravity models distinguish between long‐distance moves motivated by human capital considerations and short‐distance moves informed by housing and family motives. Motives related to housing, following family, marriage, divorcee and health accounted for 75.4% of the total moves in the 1997–2022 period. Migration distance, followed by education, population mass and housing, proved to be key moderators of internal moves.
Anti‐obesity effects of Beta vulgaris and Eruca sativa‐based extracts
Authors: Markou Maria , Katsouda Antonia , Papaioannou Varvara , Argyropoulou Aikaterini , Vanioti Marianna , Tamvakopoulos Constantin , Skaltsounis Leandros A. , Halabalaki Maria , Mitakou Sofia , Papapetropoulos Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObesity is a major source of morbidity worldwide with more than 2 billion adults being overweight or obese. The incidence of obesity has tripled in the last 50 years, leading to an increased risk for a variety of noncommunicable diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of green leafy vegetables on weight gain and obesity and have attributed these beneficial properties, at least in part, to nitrates and isothiocyanates. Nitrates are converted to nitric oxide (NO) and isothiocyanates are known to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Herein, we investigated the effect of extracts and fractions produced from Beta vulgaris and Eruca sativa for their ability to limit lipid accumulation, regulate glucose homeostasis, and reduce body weight. Extracts from the different vegetables were screened for their ability to limit lipid accumulation in adipocytes and hepatocytes and for their ability to promote glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cultures; the most effective extracts were next tested in vivo. Wild type mice were placed on high‐fat diet for 8 weeks to promote weight gain; animals receiving the selected B. vulgaris and E. sativa extracts exhibited attenuated body weight. Treatment with extracts also led to reduced white adipose tissue depot mass, attenuated adipocyte size, reduced expression of Dgat2 and PPARγ expression, and improved liver steatosis. In contrast, the extracts failed to improve glucose tolerance in obese animals and did not affect blood pressure. Taken together, our data indicate that extracts produced from B. vulgaris and E. sativa exhibit anti‐obesity effects, suggesting that dietary supplements containing nitrates and sulfide‐releasing compounds might be useful in limiting weight gain.