bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world safety and effectiveness of radium‐223 in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: Interim analyses of the prospective, observational RAPIT study
Authors: Huang Chao‐Yuan , Huang Chi‐Ping , Huang Yu‐Yi , Huang Steven Kuan‐Hua , Lu Kevin , Huang William Ji‐Sien , Meng En , Huang Shu‐Pin , Lee Ming‐Yang , Chen Frank , Pang See‐Tong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeveral life‐prolonging therapies for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are available, including radium‐223 dichloride (223Ra), which was approved based on phase 3 data demonstrating improved overall survival (OS) and a favorable safety profile. To date, real‐world evidence for 223Ra use in Taiwan is from three studies of <50 patients. This observational study (NCT04232761) enrolled male patients with histologically/cytologically confirmed mCRPC with bone metastases from centers across Taiwan. 223Ra was prescribed as part of routine practice by investigators. Patients with prior 223Ra treatment were excluded. The primary objective was to assess 223Ra safety; secondary objectives evaluated efficacy parameters, including OS. Overall, 224 patients were enrolled. Most patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0/1 (79.0%) and ≤20 bone metastases (69.2%); no patients had visceral metastases. 223Ra was first‐ or second‐line therapy in 23.2% and 47.7% of patients, respectively. The total proportion of patients who received 5–6 223Ra cycles was 68.8%; this proportion was greater with first‐line use (84.3%) than second‐ (65.7%) or third‐/fourth‐line use (64.1%). More chemotherapy‐naïve patients (61.9%) completed the 6‐cycle 223Ra treatment than chemotherapy‐exposed patients (56.7%). Any‐grade treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious TEAEs occurred in 54.0% and 28.6% of patients, respectively, while 12% experienced 223Ra‐related adverse events. Median OS was 15.7 months (95% confidence interval 12.13–19.51); patients receiving 5–6 223Ra injections and earlier 223Ra use had longer OS than those receiving fewer injections and later 223Ra use. 223Ra provides a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for Taiwanese patients with mCRPC and bone metastases.
CD34+ cell yield among healthy donors: Large‐scale model development and validation
Authors: Alswied Abdullah , Daniel David , Chen Leonard N. , Alqahtani Tariq , West‐Mitchell Kamille Aisha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful engraftment in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation necessitates the collection of an adequate dose of CD34+ cells. Thus, the precise estimation of CD34+ cells harvested via apheresis is critical. Current CD34+ cell yield prediction models have limited reproducibility. This study aims to develop a more reliable and universally applicable model by utilizing a large dataset, enhancing yield predictions, optimizing the collection process, and improving clinical outcomes.Materials and MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, involving data from over 17 000 healthy donors who underwent filgrastim‐mobilized hematopoietic progenitor cell apheresis. Linear regression, gradient boosting regressor, and logistic regression classification models were employed to predict CD34+ cell yield.ResultsKey predictors identified include pre‐apheresis CD34+ cell count, weight, age, sex, and blood volume processed. The linear regression model achieved a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.66 and a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.81. The gradient boosting regressor model demonstrated marginally improved results with an R2 value of 0.67 and an r value of 0.82. The logistic regression classification model achieved a predictive accuracy of 96% at the 200 × 106 CD34+ cell count threshold. At thresholds of 400, 600, 800, and 1000 × 106 CD34+ cell count, the accuracies were 88%, 83%, 83%, and 88%, respectively. The model demonstrated a high area under the receiver operator curve scores ranging from 0.90 to 0.93.ConclusionThis study introduces advanced predictive models for estimating CD34+ cell yield, with the logistic regression classification model demonstrating remarkable accuracy and practical utility.
Network‐Based Transcriptome Analysis Reveals FAM3C as a Novel Potential Biomarker for Glioblastoma
Authors: Chagas Pablo Shimaoka , Chagas Henrique Izumi Shimaoka , Naeini Sahar Emami , Bhandari Bidhan , Gouron Jules , Malta Tathiane M. , Salles Évila Lopes , Wang Lei P. , Yu Jack C. , Baban Babak 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of malignant primary brain tumor with a high mortality rate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of Family with Sequence Similarity 3, Member C, FAM3C, in GBM using bioinformatic‐integrated analysis. First, we performed the transcriptomic integration analysis to assess the expression profile of FAM3C in GBM using several data sets (RNA‐sequencing and scRNA‐sequencing), which were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. By using the STRING platform, we investigated FAM3C‐coregulated genes to construct the protein–protein interaction network. Next, Metascape, Enrichr, and CIBERSORT databases were used. We found FAM3C high expression in GBM with poor survival rates. Further, we observed, via FAM3C coexpression network analysis, that FAM3C plays key roles in several hallmarks of cancer. Surprisingly, we also highlighted five FAM3C‑coregulated genes overexpressed in GBM. Specifically, we demonstrated the association between the high expression of FAM3C and the abundance of the different immune cells, which may markedly worsen GBM prognosis. For the first time, our findings suggest that FAM3C not only can be a new emerging biomarker with promising therapeutic values to GBM patients but also gave a new insight into a potential resource for future GBM studies.
Morphology and composition of calcium oxalate monohydrate phytoliths in the bark of Betula ermanii (stone birch): Case study from Sakhalin Island
Authors: Sokol Ella V. , Deviatiiarova Anna S. , Kopanina Anna V. , Filippova Kseniya A. , Vlasova Inna I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe morphology of calcium oxalate monohydrate precipitates (COM, Ca(C2O4)·H2O, P21/c, whewellite) occurring as crystals or intergrowths, as well as distribution of crystal‐bearing idioblasts, have been studied for the first time in the bark of stone birch Betula ermanii from Sakhalin Island sampled in an area affected by mud volcanism and an unaffected typical forest environment taken for reference. The study addresses several issues (i) number and size of phytoliths and their distribution in different cell types; (ii) density of calcification in specific cells; (iii) habits of single crystals, twins, and complex intergrowths, as well as frequency of different morphologies and their relations. The trends of time‐dependent morphological changes in separately analyzed crystals and intergrowths record the evolution of COM morphology from nuclei to mature grains. Of special interest are the nucleation sites and features of organic and inorganic seeds and nuclei for COM phytoliths. The precipitation process and crystal habits are mainly controlled by supersaturation, and it is thus important to constrain the Ca distribution patterns in different bark tissues. The B. ermanii samples were analyzed by several methods: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the distribution patterns and micromorphology of COM precipitates and bulk Ca content in bark; electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) for the mineral chemistry of COM precipitates; inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) for trace elements in bulk bark and wood.Research Highlights
The distribution and morphology of whewellite precipitates in the analyzed B. ermanii bark samples indicate that the aqueous solution was most strongly supersaturated with respect to the Ca(C2O4)·H2O solid phase at the parenchyma‐sclerenchyma boundary, where most of the COM spherulites are localized and often coexist with large single crystals and contact COM twins.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the quality traits of Indica rice with different amylose contents
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Zhang Xiaoqiao , Xiao Yao , Chen Hong , Wang Xuechun , Hu Yungao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrogen is a key factor affecting the quality of rice. Studying the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on the taste, physicochemical properties, and starch structure of Indica rice with different amylose contents is of great significance for scientifically fertilizing and cultivating high‐quality rice varieties for consumption.RESULTSThe results indicate that increasing nitrogen fertilizer application reduces the amylose content and increases the protein content, resulting in a decrease in taste quality. Simultaneously, it reduces the intergranular porosity of starch particles, improving the appearance and milling quality of rice. Compared to the N1 treatment (nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 90 kg ha−1), the taste of low‐amylose rice (Yixiangyou 2115) and high‐amylose rice (Byou 268) decreased by 14.24% and 19.79%, respectively, under N4 treatment (nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 270 kg ha−1). The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on low‐amylose rice is mainly reflected in increased rice hardness, enthalpy value, and setback viscosity, resulting in a decline in taste. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on high‐amylose rice is mainly reflected in a decrease in peak viscosity, an increase in gelatinization temperature, and crystallinity under high nitrogen levels.CONCLUSIONIncreasing nitrogen fertilizer application can improve the appearance and milling quality of rice, but it also leads to an increase in protein content, hardness, gelatinization enthalpy, decrease in breakdown value, and a decline in palatability. In practical production, different production measures should be taken according to different production goals. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of an indigenous yeast, CECA, from the Ningxia wine region of China, on the fungal and bacterial dynamics and function during Cabernet Sauvignon wine fermentation
Authors: Zhang Fang , Zhang Jing , Sun Yue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSaccharomyces cerevisiae CECA was a potential indigenous Chinese wine yeast that can produce aroma and flavor in Cabernet Sauvignon wines. High‐throughput sequencing combined with metabolite analysis was applied to analyze the effects of CECA inoculation on the native microbial community interaction and metabolism during Cabernet Sauvignon wine fermentation.RESULTSFermentations were performed with three different inoculant strategies: spontaneous fermentation without inoculation, inoculation with CECA after grape must sterilization, and direct inoculation of CECA. Results showed that the diversity of bacteria (P = 0.033) is more sensitive to CECA inoculation than fungi (P = 0.563). In addition, CECA inoculation altered the species composition of core microorganisms (relative abundance >1%) and the keystone species (accounting for the top 1% of the most important interactions), as well as of the biomarkers (linear discriminant analysis > 3.0, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the inoculation could change the cluster of metabolites, and these differential metabolite sets were correlated with four fungal taxa of Issatchenkia, Issatchenkia orientalis, Saccharomycetales, Saccharomycetes and two bacterial taxa of Pantoea, Tatumella ptyseos, were significantly correlated. Inoculated fermentation also altered the correlation between dominant microorganisms and aroma compounds, giving Cabernet Sauvignon wines more herbal, floral, fruity, and cheesy aromas.CONCLUSIONSaccharomyces cerevisiae CECA and dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) inhibition treatments significantly altered the microbial community structure of Cabernet Sauvignon wines, which in turn affected the microbial‐metabolite correlation. These findings will help winemakers to control the microbial dynamics and functions during wine fermentation, and be more widely used in regional typical wine fermentations. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Perspective on automated predictive kinetics using estimates derived from large datasets
Authors: Green William H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA longstanding project of the chemical kinetics community is to predict reaction rates and the behavior of reacting systems, even for systems where there are no experimental data. Many important reacting systems (atmosphere, combustion, pyrolysis, partial oxidations) involve a large number of reactions occurring simultaneously, and reaction intermediates that have never been observed, making this goal even more challenging. Improvements in our ability to compute rate coefficients and other important parameters accurately from first principles, and improvements in automated kinetic modeling software, have partially overcome many challenges. Indeed, in some cases quite complicated kinetic models have been constructed which accurately predicted the results of independent experiments. However, the process of constructing the models, and deciding which reactions to measure or compute ab initio, relies on accurate estimates (and indeed most of the numerical rate parameters in most large kinetic models are estimates.) Machine‐learned models trained on large datasets can improve the accuracy of these estimates, and allow a better integration of quantum chemistry and experimental data. The need for continued development of shared (perhaps open‐source) software and databases, and some directions for improvement, are highlighted. As we model more complicated systems, many of the weaknesses of the traditional ways of doing chemical kinetic modeling, and of testing kinetic models, have been exposed, identifying several challenges for future research by the community.
Simple Characterization of Cylindrical Diffuser Fibers With a Fluorescent Layer
Authors: Stepp Herbert , Sroka Ronald 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesA fast, simple, versatile, and reliable method to record light emission intensity profiles of cylindrical light diffusers (CDFs) in air and transparent liquids has been developed.MethodsA fluorescent color glass filter (RG695) converts red light emitted by a cylindrical diffuser fiber into near‐infrared light in an emission angle‐independent manner. The red light was provided from a diode laser system at 635 nm. Near‐infrared fluorescence from the RG695 was imaged with a camera. Images from this camera were processed to obtain emission intensity profiles. Cylindrical diffuser fiber profiles of four different manufacturers were compared.ResultsThe proposed method provides angle‐independent intensity profiles of cylindrical diffuser fibers with a single camera shot. It could be demonstrated that dependent on the underlying principle of how the diffuser fiber tips emit light, the emission profile can change significantly in media with different refractive indices.ConclusionsBy converting the light emitted by a diffuser fiber tip into fluorescence light one can eliminate the dependence of the recorded profile on the emission angle from the diffusor. This approach allows for easily taking into account refraction‐index (mis)matching by placing the equipment into a suitable liquid. The proposed measurement principle bears potential for quality assurance measurements of CDFs used for interstitial laser thermotherapy or photodynamic therapy.
Copper‐Free Synthesis of Cationic Glycidyl Triazolyl Polymers
Authors: Ikeda Taichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCopper‐free synthesis of cationic glycidyl triazolyl polymers (GTPs) is achieved through a thermal azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction between glycidyl azide polymer and propiolic acid, followed by decarboxylation and quaternization of the triazole unit. For synthesizing nonfunctionalized GTP (GTP‐H), a microwave‐assisted method enhances the decarboxylation reaction of carboxy‐functionalized GTP (GTP‐COOH). Three variants of cationic GTPs with different N‐substituents [N‐ethyl, N‐butyl, and N‐tri(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (EG3)] are synthesized. The molecular weight of GTP‐H is determined via size exclusion chromatography. Thermal properties of all GTPs are characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The ionic conductivities of these cationic GTPs are assessed by impedance measurements. The conducting ion concentration and mobility are calculated based on the electrode polarization model. Among three cationic GTPs, the GTP with the N‐EG3 substituent exhibits the highest ionic conductivity, reaching 6.8 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 25 °C under dry conditions. When compared to previously reported reference polymers, the reduction of steric crowding around the triazolium unit is considered to be a key factor in enhancing ionic conductivity.
Nanoliposomes as nonviral vectors in cancer gene therapy
Authors: Yildiz Safiye Nur , Entezari Maliheh , Paskeh Mahshid Deldar Abad , Mirzaei Sepideh , Kalbasi Alireza , Zabolian Amirhossein , Hashemi Farid , Hushmandi Kiavash , Hashemi Mehrdad , Raei Mehdi , Goharrizi Mohammad Ali Sheikh Beig , Aref Amir Reza , Zarrabi Ali , Ren Jun , Orive Gorka , Rabiee Navid , Ertas Yavuz Nuri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNonviral vectors, such as liposomes, offer potential for targeted gene delivery in cancer therapy. Liposomes, composed of phospholipid vesicles, have demonstrated efficacy as nanocarriers for genetic tools, addressing the limitations of off‐targeting and degradation commonly associated with traditional gene therapy approaches. Due to their biocompatibility, stability, and tunable physicochemical properties, they offer potential in overcoming the challenges associated with gene therapy, such as low transfection efficiency and poor stability in biological fluids. Despite these advancements, there remains a gap in understanding the optimal utilization of nanoliposomes for enhanced gene delivery in cancer treatment. This review delves into the present state of nanoliposomes as carriers for genetic tools in cancer therapy, sheds light on their potential to safeguard genetic payloads and facilitate cell internalization alongside the evolution of smart nanocarriers for targeted delivery. The challenges linked to their biocompatibility and the factors that restrict their effectiveness in gene delivery are also discussed along with exploring the potential of nanoliposomes in cancer gene therapy strategies by analyzing recent advancements and offering future directions.
A high‐power coaxial to rectangular waveguide transition
Authors: Yi Zixuan , Huang Zhengyan , Yang Xue‐Xia , Zhou Bin , Li Meiling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe high‐power characteristic of the coaxial to waveguide transition plays an important role in modern communication and radar systems. In this letter, a novel design of a high‐power transition from a 50 Ω coaxial line with an N‐type connector to a WR‐90 rectangular waveguide. The power handling capability (PHC) of the proposed structure is significantly enhanced by a cone‐shaped excitation probe with a bold end, a transitional cavity, and a mode conversion cavity with a curved shorted back wall. The simulated results reveal that the transition possesses high PHC of 257 kW at 8.5 GHz, which is the upper limit of the power tolerance for the N‐type connector. The measured results show that the return loss and insertion loss are better than 15 and 0.15 dB, respectively, in the range of 7.96–9.16 GHz. In addition, experimental validation confirms the normal operation of the structure under a 250 kW power level test, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed transition in high‐power microwave systems.
Technical note: Quantifying radionuclide residues in hospital wastewater: A case study on [131I]I and [177mLu]Lu/[177Lu]Lu
Authors: Kupitz Dennis , Einspänner Eric , Wissel Heiko , Volk Martin , Hohn Alexander , Kreissl Michael C. , Grosser Oliver S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, [131I]I has been a common isotope in radionuclide therapy, with [177Lu]Lu‐labelled radiopharmaceuticals now seeing a surge in use. These can include no‐carrier‐added or carrier‐added [177Lu]Lu with slight impurities of [177mLu]Lu with a significantly longer half‐life than [131I]I. Wastewater from therapy wards can contain a mixture of these radioisotopes. In some countries, national regulations require wastewater to be stored in dedicated systems before it is discharged into the public sewage system. To fulfill legal requirements, the nuclide specific activity concentration must be verified.PurposeWe evaluate a method for determining the activity concentration of [177mLu]Lu /[177Lu]Lu at equilibrium and [131I]I in pure and mixed samples in order to prove that the determined values are reliably below the limits for release.MethodsWe analysed the emitted energy spectrum of 1 L samples with a wastewater counter using an energy window‐based approach by evaluating measurements from two different time points.Based on the law of decay and the time and energy‐dependent measured values, equation systems were set up to calculate the count rates for [131I]I and [177mLu]Lu, which were converted into activity concentration using calibration factors.ResultsThere is strong linear correlation between the nominal and determined activity concentrations (correlation coefficients R = 0.99; coefficient of determinations R2 = 0.99). We underestimate the actual activity concentration by a median of −1.4% for [177mLu]Lu and overestimate the activity concentration for [131I]I by a median of 7.1%.ConclusionWe show that an undercut of the clearance levels for material release is measurable. We analyse and determine activity concentrations of mixed samples consisting of [131I]I and [177mLu]Lu/[177Lu]Lu in equilibrium. The method is simple to implement using a conventional wastewater counter, however with a slightly increased effort, as two samples and measurements are required. The methodology can be adapted for the analysis of other nuclide mixtures.
Maintaining resilience over time: A qualitative exploration of the experiences of living with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Zelčāne Elīna , Pipere Anita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundLiving with chronic pain can have several negative consequences. However, some individuals are more resilient despite pain. Although a large body of research exploring resilience‐enhancing factors exists, there is a lack of research focused on the changes of individual's resilience over time.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore how people with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) describe their experience regarding the maintenance of resilience in the long term.MethodsWithin the framework of the qualitative research strategy, semi‐structured interviews and two focus groups with 17 purposefully selected research participants (ages 29–64) were conducted. The data were analysed by integrating thematic analysis and narrative analysis.ResultsTo maintain resilience in the long term, it is important to take responsibility for one's physical and mental well‐being by practicing regular ability‐adjusted physical activity, giving up unrealistic expectations, focussing on finding opportunities, not obstacles, maintaining a positive future perspective, and finding significance in life despite experiencing chronic pain. Financial support from the government and access to rehabilitation can facilitate better self‐care for those with limited finances.ConclusionThis study may be useful for healthcare professionals, psychologists, social workers, and other specialists who daily encounter patients with CMP and aspire to understand the main challenges and needs of this particular group of patients.