bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of climate change on dissolved oxygen using a flow field ecosystem model that takes into account the anaerobic and aerobic environment of bottom sediments
Authors: Koue Jinichi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study examines the potential impacts of climate change on Lake Biwa, Japan’s largest freshwater lake, with a focus on temperature, wind speed, and precipitation variations. Leveraging data from the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, including CCP scenarios, projecting a significant temperature rise of 3.3–5.7 °C in the case of very high GHG emission power, the research investigates how these shifts may influence dissolved oxygen levels in Lake Biwa. Through a one-dimensional model incorporating sediment redox reactions, various scenarios where air temperature and wind speed are changed are simulated. It is revealed that a 5 °C increase in air temperature leads to decreasing 1–2 mg/L of dissolved oxygen concentrations from the surface layer to the bottom layer, while a decrease in air temperature tends to elevate 1–3 mg/L of oxygen levels. Moreover, doubling wind speed enhances surface layer oxygen but diminishes it in deeper layers due to increased mixing. Seasonal variations in wind effects are noted, with significant surface layer oxygen increases from 0.4 to 0.8 mg/L during summer to autumn, increases from 0.4 to 0.8 mg/L in autumn to winter due to intensified vertical mixing. This phenomenon impacts the lake’s oxygen cycle year-round. In contrast, precipitation changes show limited impact on oxygen levels, suggesting minor influence compared to other meteorological factors. The study suggests the necessity of comprehensive three-dimensional models that account for lake-specific and geographical factors for accurate predictions of future water conditions. A holistic approach integrating nutrient levels, water temperature, and river inflow is deemed essential for sustainable management of Lake Biwa’s water resources, particularly in addressing precipitation variations.
Usefulness of DXA-based bone strain index in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bonaccorsi Gloria , Sciavicco Guido , Rinaudo Luca , Brigato Andrea , Fiorella Giuliana , Carnevale Aldo , Ulivieri Fabio Massimo , Messina Carmelo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Summary

Bone Strain Index (BSI) is a new dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based index. We retrospectively evaluated data from 153 postmenopausal women with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Lumbar spine and femoral Bone Strain Index (BSI) were sensitive to skeletal impairment in postmenopausal women suffering from T2DM.

Purpose
Bone Strain Index (BSI) is a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based measurement. We evaluated the performance of BSI in predicting the presence of fragility fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postmenopausal women.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated data from a case–control study of 153 postmenopausal women with a history of at least 5 years of T2DM (age from 40 to 90 years). For each subject, we assessed the personal or familiar history of previous fragility fractures and menopause age, and we collected data about bone mineral density (BMD), BSI, and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) measurements. Statistical analysis was performed having as outcome the history of fragility fractures.

Results
Out of a total of 153 subjects, n = 22 (14.4%) presented at least one major fragility fracture. A negative correlation was found between lumbar BSI and lumbar BMD (r =  − 0.49, p < 0.001) and between total femur BSI and total femur BMD (r =  − 0.49, p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between femoral neck BSI and femoral neck BMD (r =  − 0.22, p < 0.001). Most DXA-based variables were individually able to discriminate between fractured and non-fractured subjects (p < 0.05), and lumbar BSI was the index with the most relative difference between the two populations, followed by femoral BSI.

Conclusion
Lumbar spine and femoral BSI are sensitive to skeletal impairment in postmenopausal women suffering from T2DM. The use of BSI in conjunction with BMD and TBS can improve fracture risk assessment.
Simulations of Texture Evolution in the Near-Surface Region During Aluminum Rolling
Authors: Cantergiani Elisa , Riedel Michael , Karhausen Kai F. , Roters Franz , Quadfasel Angela , Falkinger Georg , Engler Olaf , Rabindran Rajeevan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrediction of texture changes during cold rolling is important because they affect the recrystallization and anisotropy of an aluminum sheet during successive forming steps. During cold rolling of aluminum alloys, the through-thickness textural change in the subsurface layer depends heavily on the shear stresses exerted on the material. The intensity of this shear stress is determined by the value of and change in the coefficient of friction as the contact length between the rolls and metallic sheet changes. The quality of the texture prediction under constant and variable coefficients of friction are assessed for three established texture models: the grain interaction (GIA) model, the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) approach, and the full-field crystal plasticity Düsseldorf Advanced Material Simulation Kit (DAMASK) code. The simulation results are compared with subsurface layer textures obtained from conducting experimental cold-rolling trials on an aluminum alloy, which are designed to maximize shear in a single rolling pass. The formulation of a variable coefficient of friction is crucial for ensuring both the reasonable prediction of rolling forces and changes in texture. GIA and DAMASK yield the best texture prediction results for a variable coefficient of friction model.
A Review: Structural Shape and Stress Control Techniques and their Applications
Authors: Manguri Ahmed , Saeed Najmadeen , Jankowski Robert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review article presents prior studies on controlling shape and stress in flexible structures. The study offers a comprehensive survey of literature concerning the adjustment and regulation of shape, stress, or both in structures and emphasizes such control’s importance. The control of systems is classified into three primary classes: nodal movement control, axial force control, and controlling the two classes concurrently. Each class is thoroughly assessed, showcasing diverse methods anticipated by various scholars. Furthermore, the paper discusses methods to reduce the number of devices (actuators) to adjust and optimize actuators’ placement to achieve optimal structural control, considering the cost implications of numerous actuators. Additionally, various actuators are presented in detail, their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. Moreover, the applications of the presented techniques are reviewed in detail, the essential recommendations for future work are also suggested.
Prognostic significance of necrosis in ampullary carcinomas
Authors: Akar Kadriye Ebru , Bagci Pelin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background/aims
Necrosis is an important pathological feature that reflects high malignancy potential in tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. We aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of necrosis in ampullary carcinomas.

Materials and methods
We reviewed 101 consecutive cases of ampullary carcinoma for tumor necrosis, types of necrosis, macroscopic and microscopic histopathological subtypes, lymphatic-vascular-perineural invasions, and other histopathological parameters.

Results
Tumor necrosis was present in 19 (18.8%) cases and was identified as an independent poor prognostic indicator in multivariate survival analysis (p = 0.029).

Conclusion
The presence of necrosis in ampullary carcinomas is directly related to vascular and perineural invasion and is a poor prognostic indicator independent of tumor stage. Including the presence of necrosis in the pathology reports of ampullary carcinomas will facilitate risk stratification.
Augmenting the Quality and Shelf Life of Ras Cheese by Adding Microencapsulated Allspice Berry Extract Nanoemulsion
Authors: El-Sayed Samah M. , Kholif Adel M. M. , El-Sayed Hoda S. , Youssef Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current study was achieved to increase phenolic compounds and antioxidant content in Ras cheese by microencapsulation of the nanoemulsion of extract from the berries of allspice. The microencapsulation of the extract nanoemulsion from the berries of allspice using maltodextrin, whey protein concentrate, and guar gum was prepared by a freeze-drying process. The extract was cured, and nanoemulsion forms were prepared and evaluated for the antimicrobial effect and phenolic compound content. The morphology of microcapsules was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. The prepared microcapsules were added to Ras cheese using ratios (1, 2, and 3% (w/w)) and then stored for 120 days for ripening and examined chemically, microbiologically, and organoleptically. The results indicated that the allspice extract in both forms has shown an inhibitory effect on all microorganisms. Moreover, the major phenol compound in allspice berry extract was gallic acid with quantities of 15,991 µg/g. Furthermore, the microcapsule efficiency was recorded at 80.97% and spherical with a diameter of 380 µm, while the nanoemulsion of extract as the core has a size of around 320 nm. The total lactic acid bacteria counts in all samples gradually declined during the ripening period. The mold and yeast count was not detected in fresh cheeses and appeared for cheese control more than in cheese with the extract. Cheese control and treatments contained lower titratable acidity, total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, and ash ratio than the other cheese with extract treatments. The total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) were increased through the storage period in all cheese treatments. Correspondingly, Ras cheese acceptability for sensory evaluation increased during the ripening periods in all treatments, whereas cheese supplemented with 1% microcapsules ranked the highest score for flavor and body and texture during storage gaining a high accepted point of 93.62.
In-vehicle nudging for increased Adaptive Cruise Control use: a field study
Authors: Gustavsson Pär , Ljung Aust Mikael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClose following to lead vehicles is associated with increased risk of rear-end crashes in road traffic. One way to reduce instances of close following is through increased use of the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), which is designed to adjust vehicle speed to maintain a safe time headway. Since the activation of ACC is driver-initiated, there is a need to influence the propensity of drivers to use the function. This research aimed to explore whether in-vehicle nudging interventions could be effective for this purpose. A field trial was conducted to consecutively assess the effects of two nudges on drivers’ utilization of ACC, compared to baseline usage. Exposing the participants (n = 49) to the first ambient design nudge resulted in a 46% increase in ACC usage on average. Following the introduction of the second nudge (a competitive leaderboard nudge), the average increase among participants (n = 48) during the complete treatment period reached 61%. The changes in ACC utilization varied between individual drivers, highlighting the need to monitor behavioral outcomes of nudges and adapt them when needed. In conclusion, this research shows that utilizing in-vehicle nudging is a promising approach to increase the use of vehicle functions contributing to improved traffic safety.
The role of LOXL2 in tumor progression, immune response and cellular senescence: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Ye Chen , Jiang Sihan , Zeng Tanlun , He Shaohui , Cao Jinjin , Xiao Jianru 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLOXL2, an enzyme belonging to the LOX family, facilitates the cross-linking of extracellular matrix (ECM) elements. However, the roles of the LOXL2 gene in mechanisms of oncogenesis and tumor development have not been clearly defined. In this pan-cancer study, we examined the notable disparity in LOXL2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels among various cancer types and elucidated its interconnected roles in tumor progression, mutational profile, immune response, and cellular senescence. Apart from investigating the hyperexpression of LOXL2 being related to poorer prognosis in different types of tumors, this study also unveiled noteworthy connections between LOXL2 and genetic mutations, infiltration of tumor immune cells, and genes in immune checkpoint pathways. Further analysis revealed the participation of LOXL2 in multiple pathways related to cancer extracellular matrix remodeling and cellular senescence. Moreover, our investigation uncovered that the knockdown and inhibition of LOXL2 significantly attenuated the proliferation and migration of PC-9 and HCC-LM3 cells. The knock-down and inhibition of LOXL2 enhanced cellular senescence in lung and liver cancer cells, as confirmed by SA-β-Gal staining and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights on the functions of LOXL2 in different types of cancer and its role in regulating the senescence of cancer cells.
On groups associated with the affine subgroups of $$Sp_{2n}(2)$$
Authors: Musyoka D. M. , Prins A. L. , Njuguna L. N. , Chikamai L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe symplectic group $$Sp_{2n}(2)$$

S

p

2
n

(
2
)

has an affine maximal subgroup of structure $$ASp_n=2^{2n-1}{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2)$$

A
S

p
n

=

2

2
n
-
1

:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

which is a split extension of an elementary abelian 2-group $$N=2^{2n-1}$$

N
=

2

2
n
-
1

by $$G=Sp_{2n-2}(2)$$

G
=
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

. The vector space $$N=2^{2n-1}$$

N
=

2

2
n
-
1

and its dual $$N^{*}$$

N

∗

are not equivalent as $$2n-1$$

2
n
-
1

dimensional G-modules over GF(2). Therefore, a split extension of the form $$\overline{G}_n=N^{*}{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2)\ncong N{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2)$$

G
¯

n

=

N

∗

:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

≇
N
:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

exists. In this paper, it will be shown that $$\overline{G}_n\cong \text {Aut}(2^{2n-2}{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2))= \left( 2^{2n-2}{:}Sp_{2n-2}(2)\right) {:} 2$$

G
¯

n

≅
Aut

(

2

2
n
-
2

:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

)

=

2

2
n
-
2

:
S

p

2
n
-
2

(
2
)

:
2

for $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

. Moreover, the ordinary irreducible characters of $$\overline{G}_n$$

G
¯

n

are studied through the lens of Fischer-Clifford theory. As an example, the Fischer-Clifford matrix technique is used to construct the set Irr$$(\overline{G}_5)$$

(

G
¯

5

)

of the group $$\overline{G}_5=2^9{:}Sp_{8}(2)$$

G
¯

5

=

2
9

:
S

p
8

(
2
)

which is associated with the affine subgroup $$ASp_5=2^9{:}Sp_{8}(2)$$

A
S

p
5

=

2
9

:
S

p
8

(
2
)

of $$Sp_{10}(2)$$

S

p
10

(
2
)

.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole dosing and outcomes of pulmonary nocardiosis
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , Khodadadi Ryan B. , Chesdachai Supavit , McHugh Jack W. , Clement Josh , Challener Douglas W. , Wengenack Nancy L. , Bosch Wendelyn , Seville Maria Teresa , Beam Elena 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background

Nocardia often causes pulmonary infection among those with chronic pulmonary disease or immunocompromising conditions. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is recommended as first-line treatment, though little data exists regarding outcomes of different dosing regimens.

Methods
We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of adult patients with non-disseminated pulmonary nocardiosis initially treated with TMP-SMX monotherapy. Patients’ initial TMP-SMX dosing was categorized as high- (> 10 mg/kg/day), intermediate- (5–10 mg/kg/day) or low-dose (< 5 mg/kg/day). Outcomes included one-year mortality, post-treatment recurrence, and dose adjustment or early discontinuation of TMP-SMX. SMX serum concentrations and their effect on management were also assessed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to Cox regression analyses.

Results
Ninety-one patients were included with 24 (26.4%), 37 (40.7%), and 30 (33.0%) treated with high-, intermediate-, and low-dose TMP-SMX, respectively. Patients who initially received low-dose (HR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.68) and intermediate-dose TMP-SMX (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.07–1.04) had lower risk of one-year mortality than the high-dose group. Risk of recurrence was similar between groups. Nineteen patients had peak SMX serum concentrations measured which resulted in 7 (36.8%) dose changes and was not associated with one-year mortality or recurrence. However, 66.7% of the high-dose group required TMP-SMX dose adjustment/discontinuation compared to 24.3% of the intermediate-dose and 26.7% of the low-dose groups (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Low- and intermediate-dose TMP-SMX for non-disseminated pulmonary nocardiosis were not associated with poor outcomes compared to high-dose therapy, which had a higher rate of dose adjustment/early discontinuation. Historically used high-dose TMP-SMX may not be necessary for management of isolated pulmonary nocardiosis.
The Incidence and Propensity of Head Acceleration Events in a Season of Men’s and Women’s English Elite-Level Club Rugby Union Matches
Authors: Allan David , Tooby James , Starling Lindsay , Tucker Ross , Falvey Éanna , Salmon Danielle , Brown James , Hudson Sam , Stokes Keith , Jones Ben , Kemp Simon , O’Halloran Patrick , Cross Matt , Tierney Gregory 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To describe and compare the incidence and propensity of head acceleration events (HAEs) using instrumented mouthguards (iMG) by playing position in a season of English elite-level men’s and women’s rugby union matches.

Methods
iMG data were collected for 255 men and 133 women from 1,865 and 807 player-matches, respectively, and synchronised to video-coded match footage. Head peak resultant linear acceleration (PLA) and peak resultant angular acceleration (PAA) were extracted from each HAE. Mean incidence and propensity values were calculated across different recording thresholds for forwards and backs in addition to positional groups (front row, second row, back row, half backs, centres, back three) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated. Significance was determined based on 95% CI not overlapping across recording thresholds.

Results
For both men and women, HAE incidence was twice as high for forwards than backs across the majority of recording thresholds. HAE incidence and propensity were significantly lower in the women’s game compared to the men’s game. Back-row and front-row players had the highest incidence across all HAE thresholds for men’s forwards, while women’s forward positional groups and men’s and women’s back positional groups were similar. Tackles and carries exhibited a greater propensity to result in HAE for forward positional groups and the back three in the men’s game, and back row in the women’s game.

Conclusion
These data offer valuable benchmark and comparative data for future research, HAE mitigation strategies, and management of HAE exposure in elite rugby players. Positional-specific differences in HAE incidence and propensity should be considered in future mitigation strategies.
qPCR assay optimisation for a clinical study comparing oral health risk in Rett syndrome
Authors: Lai Y. Y. L. , Downs J. , Leishman S. , Leonard H. M. , Walsh L. J. , Zafar S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to validate qPCR assays for specific microbiota, for use on dental plaque samples stored on Whatman FTA cards to compare relative oral health risk in Rett syndrome.

Methods
Supragingival dental plaque samples were collected, using a sterile swab, (COPAN FLOQswab™) swabbed onto Whatman FTA™ cards. DNA extraction was performed using a modified Powersoil™ protocol. Where published assays were unsuitable, species-specific qPCR assays for caries-associated, gingivitis-associated and oral-health-associated bacteria were designed using multiple sequence alignment, Primer3Plus and PrimerQuest. Assays were run using absolute quantification. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated, and PCR products verified by Sanger sequencing.

Results
Most assays allowed detection using real-time qPCR with high specificity on samples collected on FTA cards. Several assays showed low or even single gene copy numbers on the test samples.

Conclusion
Assays were optimised for detection and evaluation of oral health risk in dental plaque samples stored on FTA cards when cold storage is not feasible, except for F. nucleatum. Several assays showed gene copy numbers less than the LOQ or outside the range of the standard curve, so there is merit in optimising these assays using digital droplet PCR.
Duality for Poincaré series of surfaces and delta invariant of curves
Authors: Cogolludo-Agustín José Ignacio , László Tamás , Martín-Morales Jorge , Némethi András 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article we study the delta invariant of reduced curve germs via topological techniques. We describe an explicit connection between the delta invariant of a curve embedded in a rational singularity and the topological Poincaré series of the ambient surface. This connection is established by using another formula expressing the delta invariant as ‘periodic constants’ of the Poincaré series associated with the abstract curve and a ‘twisted’ duality developed for the Poincaré series of the ambient space.
So far, yet so close. Using networks of words to measure proximity and spillovers between firms
Authors: Marra Alessandro , Cucculelli Marco , Cartone Alfredo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTextual data are the last frontier in the empirical literature on proximity between firms. While there are a growing number of studies using textual data, no robust methodology has yet emerged, nor has any attempt been made to compare the resulting findings with standard measures of proximity based on existing classification systems. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we propose a methodology that can be an effective and applicable tool for measuring proximity between companies. Second, we compare the resulting indicator of proximity, which we refer to as “business” proximity, with industrial and technological proximity scores based on activity codes and technology adoption, respectively. Third, we use business proximity to explain economic performance, assuming that knowledge sharing can occur between employees working in similar firms. Having established the soundness of the methodology, the empirical results confirm the substantial information content of the descriptive texts and provide evidence on the likelihood of spillover effects between firms that are close in the business and geographical dimension.
Shock Plasticity Reconciled with Uniform High-Rate Plasticity
Authors: Brown L. M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent papers describe plastic flow in metals as departing from a relatively rate-independent regime to a highly rate sensitive regime at rates above about 104 s−1. Analysis of recently published data in copper suggests that the departure is due to the breakdown of collective dislocation motion which prevents the formation of the larger slip bands, forcing the stress to rise. As the rate increases still further, the stress required to generate dislocation loops in the perfect lattice is reached. Then a new regime is established, in which a Lϋders band propagates through the metal. This band might well be related to what is often called ‘adiabatic shear’, characteristic of the plastic response at very high rates. The characteristic power laws corresponding to the different regimes can be rationalised.