bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groupcentric budget goals, budget-based incentive contracts, and additive group tasks
Authors: Farrar Jonathan , Libby Theresa , Thorne Linda 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of three different types of budget goals (egocentric individual, groupcentric individual and group) on group performance of an additive task, assigned within an individual budget-based incentive contract. While previous research has established that budget-based incentive contracts motivate higher group performance than piece rate contracts for additive group tasks, no studies, which we are aware of, have considered explicitly the type of goal within this context.

Design/methodology/approach
– We conduct a 3 × 2 experiment in which we manipulate the presence of an individual goal (egocentric, groupcentric and absent) and a group goal (present and absent) on group performance of an additive task.

Findings
– Group performance is higher for groups assigned groupcentric individual goals than for groups assigned egocentric individual goals, either alone or in combination with a group goal.

Practical implications
– Egocentric individual goals may reinforce an individualistic orientation, which may work against the potential gains from having group members adopt more of a group focus.

Originality/value
– This paper considers how groupcentric individual goals may improve group performance. The management accounting literature typically examines just egocentric individual goals.
Emerging technologies and sports events
Authors: Petrović Lidija T. , Milovanović Dragorad , Desbordes Michel 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the development and potential applications of emerging information and communication technologies (ICTs) in sports. The case studies are presented in details: computer system for tracking and visualisation in TV broadcasting and players/teams performance analysis in football. The paper concludes with the authors’ opinion that future implementation of digital technologies, in the first instance, goal-line technologies, to support accurate, practical and reliable decision making in sports is highly needed and represent a basis for further increase in the commercial value of the pre-eminent global sport.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research utilised an exploratory approach to data gathering due to the fact that the topic is new and data are difficult to collect. The topic is analysed using case study method.

Findings
– The research found that there is an emerging market to extend the reach of digital technologies adapted for sports industry and sports events. Increasingly, developers are exploring and exploiting the vast potential of the ICTs to create value in the field of sports events. The development of emerging technologies create new opportunities that sports industry demands a growing range of innovative solutions for the purposes of decision making to be tested and accepted in the near future.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is based on data limitations related to the innovative ICT solutions, the rules of the game which significantly limit the scope for product innovation and a need to make a decision on application of an adequate solution within a short time period. In order to develop the extensive research results in the future, more information will be available after the termination of ongoing testing procedure.

Practical implications
– It is evident that digital video processing has found many applications in sports content analysis and TV broadcasting of competitive sports. The governing bodies should be aware of their role to support successful innovation which requires the coordinated action of all the actors who play vastly different roles in its commercialisation process.

Originality/value
– The paper emphasises how much technology has added to communication and economic potential of sports events, underlying that issue of video technology application to ease decision making in football is currently one of the most pressing matters due to constant arrival of new cases concerning “incorrect” decisions that add fuel to the controversy. The football authorities have finally recognised that the game has to be responsive to the concerns and suggestions of its customers.
Determinants of sport-related expenditure of golf players and differences between light and heavy spenders
Authors: Hallmann Kirstin , Wicker Pamela 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Although participation in golf has increased in several countries and is associated with an evolving golf industry, research on golf and golf players is rather limited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the sport-related expenditure of golfers and diferences of heavy and light spenders.Design/methodology/approach– Primary data of golf players were collected in Germany using a written survey which resulted in a convenience sample ofn=197 golfers.Findings– The regression results indicate that the social motive, time for playing and training, handicap, age, and income have a significant impact on sport-related expenditure. There are several significant difference between heavy and light spenders based on psychological, behavioural, demographic, and resources variables.Research limitations/implications– A convenience sample was drawn and the sample size withn=197 respondents could be improved. Nonetheless, the descriptive results revealed that the sample structure was similar to previous research with regard to socio-demographic variables.Practical implications– Since the underlying motives of golfers vary immensely indicating a range of target groups, sport managers need to address each target group differently to fully exploit the marketing potential.Originality/value– Expenditure of golfers seems to be under researched and the results reveal that the average sport-related expenditure of golfers confirms that golf can be an expensive sport and that golf players are willing to spend on average one monthly income on their sport over a 12-month period.
Team goal-setting involves more than only goal-setting
Authors: Arraya Marco António , Pellissier René , Preto Isabel 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to research factors like task-orientation and collectivism and to examine the relationship between them and goal-setting as research construct. This research investigates the phenomena of team goal-setting in a selected sports organisation. Therefore 49 players from three Portuguese elite male handball team were selected for the study.Design/methodology/approach– Three well-known questionnaires were employed to determine the relationships between the above factors in a case setting. Task- and ego-orientation in Sport Questionnaire, the Jackson Psychological Collectivism Measure and the Goal-setting in Sport Questionnaire.Findings– The results reveal that the team and players are task-oriented, collectivist and possessing professional and personal goal habits. The correlations between questionnaire outcomes indicate that, when the team wants to set goals, it should consider the players’ orientation and the team’s collectivism. Thus team goal-setting is more than only goal-setting, because of the need for task-orientation and collectivism.Research limitations/implications– The research was conducted using three teams in a specific sports and thus cannot be generalised to the general sports environment. Yet, certainly the strength of the findings indicate that the results and conclusions may be used in a wider sports or business setting.Practical implications– This research paper should provide managers and coaches with insight into the complexity of team goal-setting. It also should provide insight into the chosen process related to human resources.Originality/value– The paper adds and demonstrates to the literature on team goal-setting the importance of task-orientation and collectivism as goal-setting mediators.
The relational capital of micro-enterprises run by women: the startup phase
Authors: Paoloni Paola , Dumay John 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how relational capital contributes to the startup phase of women-owned micro-enterprises. The motivation for the study stems from the fact that micro-enterprises are key drivers of economic growth and that woman entrepreneurs are key developers of these businesses.Design/methodology/approach– To gather data for our study, a qualitative research methodology was adopted using a case study approach based on examining current events of real life in depth (Yin, 2009). Nine cases of micro-enterprises run by women are analysed, focusing on the management of the start-up phase to investigate the nature and role of the relationships that are activated by the entrepreneurs.Findings– The paper develops the CAOS model of micro-entrepreneurship, examining the personal characteristics of the female entrepreneur (C); the environment in which the micro-enterprise operates (A); organizational and managerial aspects (O); and the motivations for starting a new business (S). Using this model, the authors’ are able to link these factors and classify different types of connections, it is possible to identify the kind of existing relations. From the analysis, it was found that a predominant use of networks characterized by informal and permanent relations, supporting the need to reconcile work and family and to involve relatives and friends in the network. This emphasizes the lack of strategy in the female-run micro-enterprises.Originality/value– Given that female entrepreneurship is regarded as central to the development and welfare of economies, the deepening of knowledge of how women entrepreneurs manage the start-up of her business can contribute to improving the effectiveness policies aimed at promoting the participation of female entrepreneurs in the economy.
Effective use of digital applications promotes professional self-efficacy
Authors: Hasgall Alon E , Shoham Snunith 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the use of digital applications (DAs) in the daily life of organizational workers, and the workers’ professional self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approach– A hypothesis was tested that the digital literacy of organizational workers is positively correlated with their professional self-efficacy. To test the hypothesis, 300 Israeli organizational workers filled online questionnaires that assessed their daily pattern of DA usage (both during and after working hours) and their self-perceived professional efficacy. A linear regression analysis was performed to identify correlations between the frequency (one dimension) and effectiveness (three dimensions) of DA usage and the workers’ self-perceived professional efficacy (three dimensions).Findings– The three dimensions of the DA usage effectiveness (diversity of the DA used, diversity of the means and ease of access to the DA) were significantly and positively correlated with all three dimensions of professional self-efficacy (functional autonomy, work effectiveness and personal knowledge sharing). In contrast, the frequency of DA usage was not correlated with any of the three dimensions of professional self-efficacy.Practical implications– High digital literacy allows rapid and effective retrieval of specific networked content and an accessible means of multimedia communication. According to the ecological model of organizational knowledge management, knowledge develops through diverse interactions between workers and through their ability to retrieve and share knowledge. The findings of this study support this model and indicate that high digital literacy, manifested through easy access and diverse use of DA, increases professional self-efficacy and knowledge sharing and, thereby, the stability of the organization. Managers should thus encourage workers’ digital literacy by allowing convenient access to a wide range of DA, both during and after working hours, to increase the organizational ability to adapt to complex and rapidly changing environments.Originality/value– DA are innovative tools that were only recently developed. This is the first study to characterize the relationship between the use of DA in daily life and the vocational behavior of organizational workers.
Genome analyses suggest the presence of polyploidy and recent human‐driven expansions in eight global populations of the honeybee pathogen Nosema ceranae
Authors: Pelin Adrian , Selman Mohammed , Aris‐Brosou Stéphane , Farinelli Laurent , Corradi Nicolas 
Published: April 2015

SummaryNosema ceranae is a microsporidian pathogen whose infections have been associated with recent global declines in the populations of western honeybees (Apis mellifera). Despite the outstanding economic and ecological threat that N. ceranae may represent for honeybees worldwide, many aspects of its biology, including its mode of reproduction, propagation and ploidy, are either very unclear or unknown. In the present study, we set to gain knowledge in these biological aspects by re‐sequencing the genome of eight isolates (i.e. a population of spores isolated from one single beehive) of this species harvested from eight geographically distant beehives, and by investigating their level of polymorphism. Consistent with previous analyses performed using single gene sequences, our analyses uncovered the presence of very high genetic diversity within each isolate, but also very little hive‐specific polymorphism. Surprisingly, the nature, location and distribution of this genetic variation suggest that beehives around the globe are infected by a population of N. ceranae cells that may be polyploid (4n or more), and possibly clonal. Lastly, phylogenetic analyses based on genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism data extracted from these parasites and mitochondrial sequences from their hosts all failed to support the current geographical structure of our isolates.
Absolute Traffic: Infrastructural Aptitude in Urban Indonesia
Authors: Lee Doreen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article draws attention to the emergent modes of urban sociality and circumscribed mobility that define the lives of traffic‐stricken residents in the megacity of Jakarta, Indonesia. I argue that Jakarta traffic has exceeded the scale and discourse of a technopolitical problem of failed infrastructure; rather, the systemic and rhizomic nature of traffic provides the temporal infrastructure that governs the flow of living and leisure, and the patterning of individual desires and struggles in urban Indonesia. I use the term ‘absolute traffic' to convey the limit horizon of gridlock as a set of exhausting physical and psychic states that urban residents survive daily. Despite such overwhelming challenges to mobility, particularly for the city's underprivileged populations, I argue for an agentive perspective of absolute traffic in which forms of play, negotiation and disruption form important moments for the public display of infrastructural aptitude. Strategies for surviving and engaging with absolute traffic emerge in ephemeral sites of finely attuned traffic subjectivity––in the sociality of strangers, the political demonstrations of activists, the growing citizen journalism for traffic reports on radio shows and social media sites, and finally, in the artistic sensibility of artists captivated by the vernacular forms of urban chaos.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in End‐Stage Kidney Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Ogawa Tetsuya , Koeda Misato , Nitta Kosaku 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDiastolic dysfunction is frequently observed in end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), and ESKD patients have many risk factors for heart failure (HF), including hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Diastolic HF, also called HF with preserved ejection fraction, refers to a clinical syndrome in which patients have symptoms and signs of HF, normal or near normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function, and evidence of diastolic dysfunction manifested by abnormal LV filling and elevated filling pressure. Recent reports suggest that HF with preserved ejection fraction is more common in hemodialysis patients than HF with low ejection fraction. Diastolic HF in ESKD patients is a strong predictor of death. In this article, we review the information available in the literature on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and potential treatment strategies of diastolic dysfunction or diastolic HF based on evidence obtained in the general population that is potentially applicable to ESKD patients.
Pharmacokinetics of Carboplatin in a One‐Year‐Old Anuric Boy Undergoing Hemodialysis and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Kamei Koichi , Sako Mayumi , Ishikawa Tomoaki , Sato Mai , Ogura Masao , Uno Teruaki , Kiyotani Chikako , Mori Tetsuya , Tanaka Hideaki , Ito Shuichi , Nakamura Hidefumi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere have been few reports of carboplatin‐based chemotherapy for anuric infants. As we had a chance to treat a one‐year‐old anuric hepatoblastoma patient with carboplatin, we performed a pharmacokinetic analysis and examined the optimal treatment strategy. A one‐year‐old anuric boy under peritoneal dialysis was diagnosed with hepatoblastoma. Surgical resection was performed, and administration of carboplatin was scheduled postoperatively aiming at 5 mg·min/mL of the area under the curve from the time of dosing to the time of the last observation (AUC0‐t). We set the initial dose at 50 mg, higher than that calculated by the Calvert formula (34 mg); the time from the end of carboplatin infusion to the initiation of hemodialysis at 2 h; and the hemodialysis duration at 24 h. The actual AUC0‐t was 3.05 mg·min/mL because the elimination half‐lives before and during hemodialysis were shorter than expected. The AUC0‐t after the second dose (100 mg) and the third dose (80 mg) were 7.00 and 4.68 mg·min/mL, respectively. The Calvert formula is not suitable for hemodialysis patients because removal of platinum by hemodialysis is not taken into account. It appears that extrarenal clearance in anuric infants is different from that in adults. We obtained an optimal AUC0‐t using a dose of 80 mg (200 mg/m2), setting the time from the end of carboplatin infusion to the initiation of hemodialysis at 2 h, and performing 8‐h hemodialysis. Further accumulation of the pharmacokinetic data of carboplatin is necessary for anuric children.
Node‐based measures of connectivity in genetic networks
Authors: Koen Erin L. , Bowman Jeff , Wilson Paul J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAt‐site environmental conditions can have strong influences on genetic connectivity, and in particular on the immigration and settlement phases of dispersal. However, at‐site processes are rarely explored in landscape genetic analyses. Networks can facilitate the study of at‐site processes, where network nodes are used to model site‐level effects. We used simulated genetic networks to compare and contrast the performance of 7 node‐based (as opposed to edge‐based) genetic connectivity metrics. We simulated increasing node connectivity by varying migration in two ways: we increased the number of migrants moving between a focal node and a set number of recipient nodes, and we increased the number of recipient nodes receiving a set number of migrants. We found that two metrics in particular, the average edge weight and the average inverse edge weight, varied linearly with simulated connectivity. Conversely, node degree was not a good measure of connectivity. We demonstrated the use of average inverse edge weight to describe the influence of at‐site habitat characteristics on genetic connectivity of 653 American martens (Martes americana) in Ontario, Canada. We found that highly connected nodes had high habitat quality for marten (deep snow and high proportions of coniferous and mature forest) and were farther from the range edge. We recommend the use of node‐based genetic connectivity metrics, in particular, average edge weight or average inverse edge weight, to model the influences of at‐site habitat conditions on the immigration and settlement phases of dispersal.
Adolescent Intermittent Alcohol Exposure: Persistence of Structural and Functional Hippocampal Abnormalities into Adulthood
Authors: Risher Mary‐Louise , Fleming Rebekah L. , Risher W. Christopher , Miller K. M. , Klein Rebecca C. , Wills Tiffany , Acheson Shawn K. , Moore Scott D. , Wilson Wilkie A. , Eroglu Cagla , Swartzwelder H. S. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundHuman adolescence is a crucial stage of neurological development during which ethanol (EtOH) consumption is often at its highest. Alcohol abuse during adolescence may render individuals at heightened risk for subsequent alcohol abuse disorders, cognitive dysfunction, or other neurological impairments by irreversibly altering long‐term brain function. To test this possibility, we modeled adolescent alcohol abuse (i.e., intermittent EtOH exposure during adolescence [AIE]) in rats to determine whether adolescent exposure to alcohol leads to long‐term structural and functional changes that are manifested in adult neuronal circuitry.MethodsWe specifically focused on hippocampal area CA1, a brain region associated with learning and memory. Using electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, and neuroanatomical approaches, we measured post‐AIE changes in synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine morphology, and synaptic structure in adulthood.ResultsWe found that AIE‐pretreated adult rats manifest robust long‐term potentiation, induced at stimulus intensities lower than those required in controls, suggesting a state of enhanced synaptic plasticity. Moreover, AIE resulted in an increased number of dendritic spines with characteristics typical of immaturity. Immunohistochemistry‐based analysis of synaptic structures indicated a significant decrease in the number of co‐localized pre‐ and postsynaptic puncta. This decrease is driven by an overall decrease in 2 postsynaptic density proteins, PSD‐95 and SAP102.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings reveal that repeated alcohol exposure during adolescence results in enduring structural and functional abnormalities in the hippocampus. These synaptic changes in the hippocampal circuits may help to explain learning‐related behavioral changes in adult animals preexposed to AIE.
The ‘disconnect’ between initial judgments of lamotrigine vs. its real‐world effectiveness in managing bipolar disorder. A tale with wider ramifications
Authors: Parker G. , McCraw S. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo detail the disconnect between the quantified efficacy of the mood stabilizer lamotrigine in its registration controlled trials and its later judged clinical effectiveness and consider some determinants of disconnects between some efficacy trial findings and ‘real‐world’ clinical effectiveness judgments.MethodPublished articles considering lamotrigine as a treatment for the bipolar I or II disorders were selected for review. While randomized controlled trials were weighted, we also consider open trials and effectiveness observations from clinician researchers and demonstrate that lamotrigine has been quite variably judged over time.ResultsWe suggest that the early trials evaluating lamotrigine for acute bipolar disorder depression focused on a suboptimal clinical target, and in so doing, ensured less lamotrigine efficacy compared with trials of bipolar disorder preventative treatment. Moreover, a number of additional methodological limitations compromised analyses. We also detail variable reporting of actual study results. The initial sharp disconnect (between efficacy and effectiveness judgments) has narrowed as lamotrigine has been evaluated and progressively taken up as a maintenance mood stabilizer.ConclusionThe lamotrigine disconnect story provides a number of salutary lessons that are salient to evaluating the effectiveness and ecological niche of any psychotropic medication. The lamotrigine story presented here argues strongly for the wisdom of encouraging an iterative process between efficacy studies and clinical observation.