bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of eutrophication and climate change on Cd and other trace metal dynamic in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea
Authors: Aigars Juris , Poikāne Rita , Jurgensone Iveta , Jansons Mintauts 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The ability of Cd and other trace metals to be incorporated in living phytoplankton cells has been widely used to explain its dynamic in marine ecosystem. However, the discrepancy between results from water column studies and those from studies in sediments remain unexplained. This strongly suggests a need for study with a more interconnected approach in identification of the main governing factors of trace element dynamics. Therefore, we conducted this study, which linked sedimentary records of trace elements with particular emphasis on Cd with available supporting information from sediments and water column. The concentrations of Cu, Mn, Cd and Cr in sediments of the Gulf of Riga exhibited significant (P < 0.01) positive relationships, while concentrations of Al and Ni had significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) negative correlation with concentrations of TC. Concentrations of Zn, Pb and Fe in sediments did not exhibit significant correlation with concentrations of total carbon (TC). The vertical profiles of concentrations of several elements indicated that their accumulation patterns in sediments have changed substantially over time in respect to that of TC. The magnitude of change varied substantially from retaining positive correlation but changing element ratio value, in case of Cd, to complete shift from positive correlation to negative, in case of Zn and Cu.
Current trends in formats and coordinate transformations of geospatial data — based on MyGeoData Converter
Authors: Orlik Antonin , Orlikova Lucie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWith the rise in the number of applications using geospatial data and the number of GIS applications, the number of people who come into contact with geospatial data is increasing, too. Despite many attempts to introduce standardized formats in this area, they are often ignored by software developers as well as the users themselves for various reasons. When creating or exporting geographical data, users choose the format with regard to the software they use, or for which the data are intended. Users then have to deal with conversion of data formats, and considering its use also the issue of their transformation to the appropriate spatial reference system. This work presents findings related to this issue, obtained from several years of operation of an online service for the conversion and transformation of geographical data which is heavily used by users from all over the world. It presents statistics of individual formats use and spatial reference systems of geospatial data use from the point of view of both input and output data. The results, besides other things, are shown in the form of a pie chart map in which various needs of users from a variety of countries can be seen. The results of this work can be used especially by developers of applications which use geospatial data; it will allow them to quickly understand current user needs.
Analysis on spatial distribution characteristics and geographical factors of Chinese National Geoparks
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Xiaolei , Yang Zhaoping , Luan Fuming , Xiong Heigang , Wang Zhaoguo , Shi Hui 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study presents the Pearson correlation analyses of the various factors influencing the Chinese National Geoparks. The aim of this contribution is to offer insights on the Chinese National Geoparks by describing its relations with geoheritage and their intrinsic linkages with geological, climatic controls. The results suggest that: 1) Geomorphologic landscape and palaeontology National Geoparks contribute to 81.65% of Chinese National Geoparks. 2) The NNI of geoparks is 0.97 and it belongs to causal distributional patternwhose regional distributional characteristics may be best characterized as’ dispersion in overall and aggregation in local’. 3) Spatial distribution of National Geoparks is wide. The geographic imbalance in their distribution across regions and types of National Geoparks is obvious, with 13 clustered belts, including Tianshan-Altaishan Mountain, Lesser Higgnan-Changbai, Western Bohai Sea, Taihangshan Mountain, Shandong, Qilianshan-Qinling Mountain, Annulus Tibetan Plateau, Dabashan Mountain, Dabieshan Mountain, Chongqing-Western Hunan, Nanling Mountain, Wuyishan Mountain, Southeastern Coastal, of which the National Geoparks number is 180, accounting for 82.57%. 4) Spatial distribution of National Geoparks coincide with latitudinal tectonic zone and longitude tectonic zone of geological structure features, which is consistent with the areas around the Pacific Rim of volcanic tectonic zones. The coupling relationships are obvious between the spatial distributional pattern and the natural and geological conditions.
The climate of Carpathian Region in the 20th century based on the original and modified Holdridge life zone system
Authors: Szelepcsényi Zoltán , Breuer Hajnalka , Sümegi Pál 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Holdridge life zone system has already been used a number of times for analysing the effects of climate change on vegetation. But a criticism against the method was formulated that it cannot interpret the ecotones (e.g. forest steppe). Thus, in this paper transitional life zones were also determined in the model. Then, both the original and modified life zone systems were applied for the climatic fields of database CRU TS 1.2. Life zone maps were defined in the Carpathian Region (43.5–50.5° N, 15.5–28° E) for each of five 20-year periods between 1901 and 2000. We estimated correctness of the result maps with another vegetation map using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. Finally, temporal changes in horizontal and vertical distribution of life zones were investigated. The coverage of boreal region decreased with 59.46% during the last century, while the warm temperate region became almost two and a half larger (257.36%). The mean centres of those life zones, which were not related to mountains, shifted northward during the investigation period. In case of the most abundant life zone types, the average distribution elevation increased. Using the modified model, the potential distribution of forest steppe could be also identified.
Hypomethylation at the Regulatory T Cell–Specific Demethylated Region in CD25hi T Cells Is Decoupled from FOXP3 Expression at the Inflamed Site in Childhood Arthritis
Authors: Bending David , Pesenacker Anne M. , Ursu Simona , Wu Qiong , Lom Hannah , Thirugnanabalan Balathas , Wedderburn Lucy R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The maintenance of FOXP3 expression in CD25hi regulatory T cells (Tregs) is crucial to the control of inflammation and essential for successful Treg transfer therapies. Coexpression of CD25 and FOXP3 in combination with a hypomethylated region within the FOXP3 gene, called the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR), is considered the hallmark of stable Tregs. The TSDR is an epigenetic motif that is important for stable FOXP3 expression and is used as a biomarker to measure Treg lineage commitment. In this study, we report that, unlike in peripheral blood, CD4+ T cell expression of CD25 and FOXP3 is frequently dissociated at the inflamed site in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, which led us to question the stability of human Tregs in chronic inflammatory environments. We describe a novel CD4+CD127loCD25hi human T cell population that exhibits extensive TSDR and promoter demethylation in the absence of stable FOXP3 expression. This population expresses high levels of CTLA-4 and can suppress T conventional cell proliferation in vitro. These data collectively suggest that this population may represent a chronically activated FOXP3lo Treg population. We show that these cells have defects in IL-2 signaling and reduced expression of a deubiquitinase important for FOXP3 stability. Clinically, the proportions of these cells within the CD25hi T cell subset are increased in patients with the more severe courses of disease. Our study demonstrates, therefore, that hypomethylation at the TSDR can be decoupled from FOXP3 expression in human T cells and that environment-specific breakdown in FOXP3 stability may compromise the resolution of inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Assessing Volcanic Risk in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Lindsay Jan Marie , Rashad Moufti Mohammed 
Published: August 2014

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has numerous large monogenetic volcanic fields, known locally as “harrats.” The largest of these, Harrat Rahat (Figure 1), produced a basaltic fissure eruption in 1256 C.E. with lava flows traveling within 20 kilometers of the city Al‐Madinah, which currently has a population of 1.5 million plus an additional 3 million pilgrims annually. With more than 950 visible vents and periodic seismic swarms, an understanding of the risk of future eruptions in this volcanic field is vital.
Statistical intercomparison of idealized rainfall measurements using a stochastic fractional dynamics model
Authors: Kundu Prasun K. , Marks David A. , Travis James E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA statistical method is developed for comparing precipitation data from measurements performed by (hypothetical) perfect instruments using a recently developed stochastic model of rainfall. The stochastic dynamical equation that describes the underlying random process naturally leads to a consistent spectrum and incorporates the subtle interdependence of the length and time scales governing the statistical fluctuations of the rain rate field. The main attraction of such a model is that the complete set of second‐moment statistics embodied in the space‐time covariance of both the area‐averaged instantaneous rain rate (represented by radar or passive microwave data near the ground) and the time‐averaged point rain rate (represented by rain gauge data) can be expressed as suitable integrals over the spectrum. With the help of this framework, the model allows one to carry out a faithful intercomparison of precipitation estimates derived from radar or passive microwave remote sensing over an area with direct observations by rain gauges or disdrometers, assuming all the measuring instruments to be ideal. A standard linear regression analysis approach to the intercomparison of radar and gauge rain rate estimates is formulated in terms of the appropriate observed and model‐derived quantities. We also estimate the relative sampling error as well as separate absolute sampling errors for radar and gauge measurements of rainfall from the spectral model.
Water banking, conjunctive administration, and drought: The interaction of water markets and prior appropriation in southeastern Idaho
Authors: Ghosh Sanchari , Cobourn Kelly M. , Elbakidze Levan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDespite recognition of the potential economic benefits and increasing interest in developing marketing instruments, water markets have remained thin and slow to evolve due to high transactions costs, third party effects, and the persistence of historical institutions for water allocation. Water banks are a marketing instrument that can address these obstacles to trade, allowing irrigators within a region to exchange water in order to mitigate the short‐term effects of drought. Water banks coexist with the institutions governing water allocation, which implies that rule changes, such as adoption of a system of conjunctive surface water‐groundwater administration, carry implications for the economic impacts of banking. This paper assesses and compares the welfare and distributional outcomes for irrigators in the Eastern Snake River Plain of Idaho under a suite of water management and drought scenarios. We find that water banking can offset irrigators' profit losses during drought, but that its ability to do so depends on whether it facilitates trade across groundwater and surface water users. With conjunctive administration, a bank allowing trade by source realizes 22.23% of the maximum potential efficiency gains from trade during a severe drought, while a bank that allows trade across sources realizes 93.47% of the maximum potential gains. During drought, conjunctive administration redistributes welfare from groundwater to surface water producers, but banking across sources allows groundwater irrigators to recover 88.4% of the profits lost from drought at a cost of 2.2% of the profit earned by surface water irrigators.
Distal arthrogryposis type 5D with a novel ECEL1 gene mutation
Authors: Patil Siddaramappa J. , Rai Gaurava Kumar , Bhat Venkatraman , Ramesh Vakkalagadda A. , Nagarajaram H.A. , Matalia Jyoti , Phadke Shubha R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTDistal arthrogryposis syndromes (DAs) show wide clinical variability and overlapping clinical findings with the other DAs classified by Bamshad et al. [1996]. Most of the DAs are inherited as autosomal dominant disorders. DA type 5D is a subtype of DA type 5 inherited as autosomal recessive disorder, clinically characterized by congenital distal joint contractures, knee extension contractures, congenital hip dislocation, club foot, ptosis and other eye findings, furrowed tongue, and scoliosis. Here, we report on a family with clinical features of DA type 5D with novel mutations in the ECEL1 gene. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylations of Aryl Bromides using Paraformaldehyde: Synthesis of Aldehydes and Esters
Authors: Natte Kishore , Dumrath Andreas , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCarbonylation reactions represent useful tools for organic synthesis. However, the necessity to use gaseous carbon monoxide is a disadvantage for most organic chemists. To solve this problem, novel protocols have been developed for conducting palladium‐catalyzed reductive carbonylations of aryl bromides and alkoxycarbonylations using paraformaldehyde as an external CO source (CO gas free). Hence, aromatic aldehydes and esters were synthesized in moderate to good yields.
Selektive Beobachtung der enzymatischen Aktivität des Tumorsuppressors Fhit
Authors: Hacker Stephan M. , Mortensen Franziska , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKrebs ist eine der Haupttodesursachen weltweit. Die funktionelle Inaktivierung von Tumorsuppressoren, hauptsächlich durch Mutationen in den entsprechenden Genen, ist ein Schlüsselereignis in der Krebsentstehung. Das “fragile histidine triade protein” (Fhit) ist ein Tumorsuppressor, der in verschiedenen Krebsarten verändert ist. Fhit hat Diadenosintriphosphat‐Hydrolase‐Aktivität, aber obwohl die Reduktion dieser enzymatischen Aktivität wichtig für seine Tumorsuppressor‐Aktivität zu sein scheint, ist deren Regulation unzureichend verstanden. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir eine neuartige fluorogene Sonde vor, die geeignet ist, die enzymatische Aktivität von Fhit in Extrakten humaner Zelllinien zu untersuchen. Diese neue Methode wird es ermöglichen, tiefgreifende Einblicke in die Mechanismen, die an der Regulation von Fhit beteiligt sind, zu erhalten und somit seine Rolle in der Krebsentstehung besser zu verstehen.
Untersuchung der Prognosefähigkeit von deterministischen Brandsimulationsmodellen Anwendung: Prisme Door
Authors: Riese Olaf , Siemon Matthias 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEs werden eine Auswertemethodik zur Validierung von Brandsimulationsmodellen beschrieben und Ergebnisse anhand eines Beispiels verdeutlicht, die auf Grundlage der Methodik gewonnen wurden. Die Auswertung wurde auf Basis von berechneten Medianwerten der zentralen Bewertungsgrößen PEAK und PEACOCK durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden die Ergebnisse einer Analyse im Hinblick auf die Prognosefähigkeit auf Grundlage von bewerteten Unsicherheiten unterzogen, die in einer amerikanischen Untersuchung ermittelt wurden.Als Beispiel wurden Versuchsdaten dreier Großversuche herangezogen, bei denen ein Brandraum mit einem Zielraum durch eine Tür in Verbindung stand. Die Räume wurden unterschiedlich ventiliert. Als Brandquelle wurde ein Flüssigkeitspool mit einer Leistung zwischen 0,6 und 1,4 MW eingesetzt. Zur Validierung wurde das international am weitesten verbreitete CFD‐Brandsimulationsmodell Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) in den Versionen 4, 5 und 6 eingesetzt. Für die Simulation wurde der Verlauf der Wärmefreisetzungsrate auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse der Versuche vorgegeben. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die Unterschiede im Hinblick auf die Versuchsrandbedingungen und auf die eingesetzten Versionen von FDS.Es ist erkennbar, dass eine deutliche Abhängigkeit der Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Versuchsrandbedingungen besteht. Die Unterschiede bei den Ergebnissen im Hinblick auf die eingesetzte Version von FDS fielen nicht so deutlich aus.Investigation about the forecast ability of deterministic fire simulation models – Application: Prisme door.This report describes an evaluation methodology for the validation of fire simulation. Furthermore, results obtained on basis of this methodology are illustrated by an example. The evaluation was accomplished on basis of computed medians of the central evaluation sizes PEAK and PEACOCK. Additionally the results of an analysis are performed in respect of the forecast ability on the basis of evaluated uncertainties, which have been determined in an American investigation.As an example data of three full‐scale fire tests were consulted, in which a fire room was connected with a target room by a door. The varying ventilation of the rooms depends on the experiments. A pool fire with capacity of 0.6 to 1.4 MW is used as fire‐source. The validation is carried out with fire dynamics simulator (FDS, version 4, 5 and 6), the most common CFD‐model for fire simulation. For simulation the energy release rate due to the results of the tests were given as an input. Focus of the investigation are the differences of the boundary conditions and the used version of FDS.With respect to the boundary conditions lower heat release rates and lower air changes are an essential condition for good similarity of the results. The differences between the results in respect to the version of FDS are not as large as in comparison.
Dauerhaftigkeit von Vakuum‐Isolations‐Paneelen in der klebetechnischen Anwendung
Authors: Rose Ansgar , Sack Norbert , Koppold Stefan , Albrecht Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSeit einigen Jahren dienen Vakuum‐Isolations‐Paneele (VIP) dem verbesserten Wärmeschutz von Gebäudehüllen. Im Vergleich zu konventionellen Dämmstoffen haben VIP eine um den Faktor 6 bis 10 niedrigere Wärmeleitfähigkeit. Diese hohe Dämmwirkung kann nur durch eine langfristig gasdichte Folienumhüllung erreicht werden. In jüngster Zeit erfolgt der Einbau von VIP in die Gebäudehülle auch durch Kleben. Jedoch sind die langfristigen Wirkungen von Klebstoffen und von aus dem Mauerwerk herausgelösten mineralischen Substanzen auf die Folienumhüllung von VIP noch unbekannt und entsprechend auch nicht Gegenstand nationaler Zulassungsbestimmungen. Deshalb war es Ziel dieses Forschungsvorhabens, den Einfluss verschiedener Klebstoffe sowie Betoninhaltsstoffe und Estriche auf die Dauerhaftigkeit der Folienumhüllung von VIP zu untersuchen. Die VIP‐Folienumhüllungen erwiesen sich als sehr beständig gegenüber den untersuchten Substanzen. Jedoch kann bei länger andauernder Einwirkung von alkalischen Milieus eine Schädigung der Siegelnaht nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Temperaturbedingte mechanische Wechselbelastungen zeigten keinen negativen Einfluss auf die Folienumhüllungen.Durability of vacuum insulation panels for adhesive mounting. For some years now, vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) serve to improve the thermal insulation of buildings. The panels’ heat conductivity is lower than that of conventional insulation materials by a factor between 6 and 10. To achieve the good insulating properties, long‐term gas‐tight film envelops are required. Only recently, adhesives have been introduced as a means to integrate VIPs into the building envelop. However, long‐term effects of the adhesives and of mineral substances washed out of the brickwork/concrete on the VIPs are not yet known, and accordingly, not part of national approval requirements. Therefore, the aim of this research project was to study the effects of various adhesives and concrete/screed constituents on the durability of the high‐barrier envelop of VIPs. In general, VIP film envelops turned out to be very resistant to the substances studied in this project. However, damage to welded seams due to a long‐term exposure to moist alkaline environments cannot be ruled out. Temperature‐related cyclic mechanical loads did not show any negative effects on the panels.
Passivhaustauglichkeit von Fensteranschlüssen entsprechend ift‐Richtlinie WA‐15/2‐Bauanschlussfugen Teil 2: Hygrothermische Bauteilsimulation
Authors: Leimer Hans‐Peter , Schneider Jan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractJedes Gebäude verfügt über eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Bauanschlussfugen. In Anbetracht der geforderten energetischen Qualität der Gebäudehülle müssen diese Bauanschlussfugen dauerhaft luftdicht hergestellt werden und über entsprechende wärmetechnische Eigenschaften verfügen, um die Einflussnahme auf das energetische Verhalten des Gebäudes zu reduzieren. Gerade die energetische Optimierung von Bauteilanschlüssen bzw. Wärmebrücken wurde in den letzten Jahren daher stark thematisiert. Die Bewertung und Untersuchung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Abdichtungssystemen hingegen hat noch keinen Einzug in die aktuelle Normung gehalten. Die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung beschäftigt sich daher mit der Bewertung der energetischen Qualität von Fensteranschlüssen einerseits sowie der Dauerhaftigkeit von marktgängigen Systemen andererseits.Passive house suitability of window connections according to ift‐guideline WA‐15/2 on component connections, Part 2: Hygrothermic simulation of building components. Each building has a variety of different component connections. In view of the required energetic quality of the building envelope component connections shall be durably airtight and have appropriate thermal properties to reduce the influence on the energy behavior of the building. Especially the energy optimization of component connections or thermal bridges was discussed in recent years. The evaluation and study of the durability of caulking systems, has’t entered the current standards yet. Therefore the presented study refer to the evaluation of the energetic quality of window connections on the one hand and the durability of marketable systems on the other hand.