bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Validation of halo modeling for proton pencil beam spot scanning using a quality assurance test pattern
Authors: Lin Liyong , Huang Sheng , Kang Minglei , Solberg Timothy D. , McDonough James E. , Ainsley Christopher G. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of a comprehensive test pattern in validating calculation models that include the halo component (low‐dose tails) of proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) spots. Such a pattern has been used previously for quality assurance purposes to assess spot shape, position, and dose.Methods:In this study, a scintillation detector was used to measure the test pattern in air at isocenter for two proton beam energies (115 and 225 MeV) of two IBA universal nozzles (UN #1 and UN #2). Planar measurements were compared with calculated dose distributions based on the weighted superposition of location‐independent (UN #1) or location‐dependent (UN #2) spot profiles, previously measured using a pair‐magnification method and between two nozzles.Results:Including the halo component below 1% of the central dose is shown to improve the gamma‐map comparison between calculation and measurement from 94.9% to 98.4% using 2 mm/2% criteria for the 115 MeV proton beam of UN #1. In contrast, including the halo component below 1% of the central dose does not improve the gamma agreement for the 115 MeV proton beam of UN #2, due to the cutoff of the halo component at off‐axis locations. When location‐dependent spot profiles are used for calculation instead of spot profiles at central axis, the gamma agreement is improved from 98.0% to 99.5% using 2 mm/2% criteria. The two nozzles clearly have different characteristics, as a direct comparison of measured data shows a passing rate of 89.7% for the 115 MeV proton beam. At 225 MeV, the corresponding gamma comparisons agree better between measurement and calculation, and between measurements in the two nozzles.Conclusions:In addition to confirming the primary component of individual PBS spot profiles, a comprehensive test pattern is useful for the validation of the halo component at off‐axis locations, especially for low energy protons.
Vertical Extent of Thunderstorm Inflows Revealed by Polarimetric Radar
Authors: Melnikov Valery , Zrnić Dušan S. , Burgess Donald W. , Mansell Edward R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIt is shown that the dual-polarization radar parameters can be used to estimate the vertical extent of inflow regions in thunderstorms. Atmospheric biota trapped by inflows allows identification of inflow regions. It is shown that weak echoes from biota can be observed at signal-to-noise ratios as low as −7 dB. The vertical extent of inflow reached 5.2 km in the analyzed tornadic thunderstorm and 6.7 km in a severe thunderstorm.
Results of a Phase II Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin for CD30+ Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Lymphomatoid Papulosis
Authors: Duvic Madeleine , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Gangar Pamela , Clos Audra L. , Sui Dawen , Talpur Rakhshandra 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Brentuximab vedotin, a monoclonal antibody (cAC10) conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E, targets CD30+ receptors. This phase II open-label trial was conducted to evaluate safety and efficacy in CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Patients and Methods Forty-eight patients with CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders or mycosis fungoides (MF) received an infusion of 1.8 mg/kg every 21 days. Results Forty-eight evaluable patients (22 women and 26 men; median age, 59.5 years) had an overall response rate of 73% (95% CI, 60% to 86%; 35 of 48 patients) and complete response rate of 35% (95% CI, 22% to 49%; 17 of 48 patients). Fifteen (54%; 95% CI, 31% to 59%) of 28 patients with MF responded, independent of CD30 expression. In patients with MF/Sézary syndrome, the overall response rate was 50% (five of 10 patients) in patients with low CD30 expression (< 10%), 58% (seven of 12 patients) in patients with medium expression (10% to 50%), and 50% (three of six patients) in patients with high expression (≥ 50%). Time to response was 12 weeks (range, 3 to 39 weeks), and duration of response was 32 weeks (range, 3 to 93 weeks). All patients with lymphomatoid papulosis (n = 9) and primary cutaneous anaplastic T-cell lymphomas (n = 2) responded; time to response was 3 weeks (range, 3 to 9 weeks), and median duration of response was 26 weeks (range, 6 to 44 weeks). Soluble baseline CD30 levels were lowest in complete responders (P = .036). Grade 1 to 2 peripheral neuropathy was observed in 65% of patients (95% CI, 52% to 79%; 31 of 48 patients), is still ongoing in 55% of patients (95% CI, 41% to 69%; 17 of 31 patients), and resolved in 45% of patients (95% CI, 31% to 59%; 14 of 31 patients), with a median time to resolution of 41.5 weeks. Grade 3 to 4 events were neutropenia (n = 5), nausea (n = 2), chest pain (n = 2), deep vein thrombosis (n = 1), transaminitis (n = 1), and dehydration (n = 1). Dose reductions to 1.2 mg/kg were instituted as a result of grade 2 neuropathy (n = 6), transaminitis (n = 1), and arthralgias and fatigue (n = 2). Conclusion Brentuximab vedotin is both active and well tolerated in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and lymphomatoid papulosis, with an overall response rate of 73% and complete response rate of 35%.
Risk of Subsequent Neoplasms During the Fifth and Sixth Decades of Life in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Cohort
Authors: Turcotte Lucie M. , Whitton John A. , Friedman Debra L. , Hammond Sue , Armstrong Gregory T. , Leisenring Wendy , Robison Leslie L. , Neglia Joseph P. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Survivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk for subsequent neoplasms (SNs), but the incidence beyond the age of 40 years and associations with therapeutic exposures have not been well described. Patients and Methods Among 14,364 survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986, 3,171 had an attained age of 40 years or older at the time of last contact. Cumulative incidence of SNs, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), excess absolute risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs), and relative risks (RRs) for SMNs and nonmelanoma skin cancers were calculated. Results In total, 679 SNs were diagnosed in patients age 40 years or older. These included 196 SMNs, 419 nonmelanoma skin cancers, 21 nonmalignant meningiomas, and 43 other benign neoplasms. At age 55 years, the cumulative incidence of new SNs and SMNs occurring after age 40 years was 34.6% (95% CI, 28.7 to 40.6) and 16.3% (95% CI, 11.7 to 20.9), respectively. Survivors were four times as likely as the general population to receive a diagnosis of SMN after age 40 years (SIR, 4.4; 95% CI 3.8 to 5.0). Among SMNs, risk was most increased for soft tissue sarcoma (SIR, 12.3; 95% CI, 7.2 to 21.0), breast cancer (SIR, 8.3; 95% CI, 6.9 to 10.0), renal cancer (SIR, 6.1; 95% CI, 3.2 to 11.6), and thyroid cancer (SIR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.8 to 9.4). Female sex (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1; P = .008), platinum chemotherapy (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5 to 7.7; P = .003), epipodophyllotoxins (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 5.8; P = .05), and therapeutic radiation exposure (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.1; P < .001) were associated with higher risk for SMN in multivariable analysis. Conclusion Even after age 40 years, survivors of childhood cancer remain at increased risk for treatment-related SNs. These data suggest the need for life-long monitoring and should inform anticipatory guidance provided to survivors of childhood cancer.
Representación óptima de señales MER aplicada a la identificación de estructuras cerebrales durante la estimulación cerebral profunda
Authors: Vargas Cardona Hernán Darío , Álvarez López Mauricio , Orozco Gutiérrez Álvaro 
Published: August 2015

La identificación de señales cerebrales provenientes de microelectrodos de registro (MER) es un procedimiento clave en la estimulación cerebral profunda (DBS en inglés) aplicada en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). El propósito de esta investigación es identificar con alta precisión una estructura cerebral llamada núcleo subtalámico (STN), ya que es la estructura objetivo donde se logran los mejores resultados terapéuticos de la DBS. Para ello, se presenta un enfoque de representación óptima de señales MER mediante el método de Frames (MOF por sus siglas en inglés), con el cual se obtienen coeficientes que minimizan la norma Euclidiana de orden 2. A partir de los coeficientes óptimos se realiza una extracción de características de las señales combinando diccionarios wavelet packet y coseno. Para tener un marco de comparación con el estado del arte, también se caracterizan las señales utilizando la transformada wavelet discreta (DWT) con diferentes funciones madre. La metodología propuesta se valida en una base de datos real, y se emplean máquinas de aprendizaje supervisadas simples, como el clasificador K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN), el clasificador lineal bayesiano (LDC) y el cuadrático (QDC). Los resultados de clasificación que se obtienen con el método propuesto mejoran significativamente el rendimiento alcanzado con la DWT, de manera que se logra una identificación positiva del STN superior al 97,6%. Los índices de identificación logrados por el MOF son muy precisos, ya que potencialmente se puede obtener una tasa de falsos positivos menores al 2% durante la DBS.
Towards inverse modeling of intratumor heterogeneity
Authors: Brutovsky Branislav , Horvath Denis 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Development of resistance limits efficiency of
present anticancer therapies and preventing it remains a
big challenge in cancer research. It is accepted, at the intuitive
level, that resistance emerges as a consequence of
the heterogeneity of cancer cells at the molecular, genetic
and cellular levels. Produced by many sources, tumor
heterogeneity is extremely complex time dependent statistical
characteristics which may be quantified by measures
defined in many different ways, most of them coming
from statistical mechanics. In this paper, we apply the
Markovian framework to relate population heterogeneity
to the statistics of the environment. As, from an evolutionary
viewpoint, therapy corresponds to a purposeful modi-
fication of the cells’ fitness landscape, we assume that understanding
general relationship between the spatiotemporal
statistics of a tumor microenvironment and intratumor
heterogeneity will allow to conceive the therapy as
an inverse problem and to solve it by optimization techniques.
To account for the inherent stochasticity of biological
processes at cellular scale, the generalized distancebased
concept was applied to express distances between
probabilistically described cell states and environmental
conditions, respectively.
The Isolation and Identification of Precursors and Reaction Products in the Clandestine Manufacture of Methaqualone and Mecloqualone
Authors: Angelos SA , Meyers JA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Abuse of the hypnotic quinazolinone is well recognized and increasing. Clandestine laboratories producing methaqualone (2-methyl-3-othro-tolyl-4(3H) quinazolinone) and mecloqualone (2-methyl-3-othro-chlorophenyl-4(3H) quinazolinone) have been discovered throughout the United States. These laboratories utilize one of many synthesis routes to produce the illicit quinazolinone. Frequently, the clandestine chemist has little, if any, formal education in chemistry; does not keep notes; and does not label flasks and beakers containing solutions. The forensic chemist may be asked to analyze unmarked reaction mixtures that were seized in a clandestine laboratory raid. As a result, a rapid method of isolation and identification of the precursors and products of such a mixture is presented.
A Computerized Assessment Program for Forensic Science Evaluations: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Cavanaugh JL , Rogers R , Wasyliw OE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The development of the innovative use of an on-line, computer-assisted evaluation program is discussed, with a brief review of pertinent literature. The particular applications within a forensic psychiatric center of the Tandem 16 computer system, utilizing both “canned psychological tests” and specialized assessment techniques, are examined and highlighted with a case vignette. A highly relevant problem within forensic psychiatry, malingering or exaggeration of symptoms, is examined in more detail as it relates to computer assessments. The advantages and limitations of a computer-assisted evaluation are described relative to both its clinical and research application.
Brain Damage Among Mentally Disordered Sex Offenders
Authors: Graber B , Hartmann K , Coffman JA , Huey CJ , Golden CJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The incidence and nature of structural brain dysfunction was investigated in a pilot study sample of individuals currently assigned the Nebraska Penal Code designation of mentally disordered sexual offender. It was hypothesized that the sexual offenders would show a significantly higher incidence of dysfunction than a psychosocially normal group as evidenced by computed tomography scan measures, regional cerebral blood flow, and neuropsychological instruments. The hypothesis was tested by two different methods. One method used a 160 by 160 printout of density numbers generated by computer from computed tomography scans administered to the sexual offenders. The second method used mean blood flow data generated from a Harshaw TASC-5 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow analysis system. Additionally, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery was administered as a measure of the behavioral correlates of brain dysfunction. Preliminary analyses indicate that 50‥ of the sexual offenders tested showed brain dysfunction as demonstrated by decreased density measures, decreased blood flow, and performance deficits on the Luria Battery. The implications of these findings, if confirmed, are substantial on issues of criminal responsibility, sentencing, treatment, and rehabilitation of the sex offender. Case reports of the patients studied are presented.
Fingerprint Comparison. II: On the Development of a Single Fingerprint Filing and Searching System
Authors: Liu JH , Lin CH , Osterburg JW , Nicol JD 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A FORTRAN program has been written to compare the minutiae coded in an “unknown” fingerprint with the minutiae of fingerprints stored in a data base. The criteria for matching are scores based on the type and number of minutiae matched. Minutiae of low relative frequency have higher scoring weights than those that are more common. The matching mechanism is tested by using a fingerprint coded several times, first by a single individual and then by six other individuals who have no previous knowledge about fingerprints. These tests yield satisfactory results.
Detecting Deception: The Promise and the Reality of Voice Stress Analysis
Authors: Horvath F 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWithin the past decade a number of so-called voice stress analyzers have been marketed for law enforcement and forensic science purposes. These devices are said to extract from the vocal spectrum a subaudible microtremor signal that is useful in detecting stress in a speaker's voice; thus, it is claimed these devices have great utility as lie detectors and are as accurate as the traditional polygraph instrument. A review of the evidence now accumulated about these devices shows that the evidence for the existence of a microtremor in the voice is problematic and that the capability of these devices in detecting stress is equally questionable. Without exception, however, the scientific evidence reported to date shows that voice stress analyzers are not effective in detecting deception; none of these devices has yet been shown to yield detection rates above chance levels in controlled situations. A brief comparison of voice stress analysis and polygraphic testing as methods of lie detection is made.
A Review of Criminalistics
Authors: Fisher BAJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The second edition of Richard Saferstein's book Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Sciences, like the earlier edition, offers the beginning student of forensic science as well as the nonscientist criminal justice practitioner an excellent overview of criminalistics and the capabilities of today's crime laboratory. The practicing criminalist will likely find the text too elementary for his own use but could well recommend it to prosecutors and defense attorneys to help them understand different laboratory analytical techniques.
A Review of GC/MS Assays for Abused Drugs in Body Fluids
Authors: Garriott JC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
GC/MS Assays for Abused Drugs in Body Fluids, a monograph from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), deals with the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric quantitative analysis for eleven commonly abused drugs. Two introductory chapters provide a discussion of the relative usefulness and advantages of chemical ionization GC/MS (CI-MS) versus electron-impact GC/MS and outline principles of operation common to all of the assays.
Rapid Method of Super Glue ® Fuming Application for the Development of Latent Fingerprints
Authors: Kendall FG , Rehn BW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A method for developing latent fingerprints on various problem surfaces has been in demand for many years. Super Glue® fuming has met this challenge in resolving many of the frustrations of the latent fingerprint examiner. However, time is a factor that cannot be ignored and therefore this method is presented to minimize the time element between the introduction of the Super Glue in the fuming chamber and the actual development of the latent prints. Fuming is increased in a shortened period of time through the chemical reaction known as polymerization. The latent development time lapse is minimized to approximately 1h or less as opposed to several hours to several days described in the nonacclerant method.
A Review of Critical Issues in American Psychiatry and the Law
Authors: Drucker F 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law is an organization of forensic psychiatrists active in both civil and criminal law. The Academy has long published a bulletin and newsletter; this is its first venture into book publishing. Annual meetings are held regularly in New York City in addition to semiannual national meetings. This volume is a collection of papers from annual programs from 1977 to 1980.
An Analytical Study of Illicit Lysergide
Authors: McDonald P , Martin CF , Woods DJ , Baker PB , Gough TA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A procedure for the analysis of lysergide, applicable to the illicit material dispersed on paper sheets and in tablets is described. Thin-layer and high performance liquid chromatography are used to separate lysergide from related compounds. Attention is drawn to the limitations of infrared spectroscopy for distinguishing between the salt and base forms of lysergide. Ion chromatography is used to separate the anions present in illicit samples. The quantities of any anions present that form stable salts with lysergide are compared with the amount of lysergide in the sample, from which the salt form of the presentation is deduced.
Comments on Fire Investigation Procedures
Authors: Béland B 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The methods and techniques of fire investigation are reviewed. They are shown to be useful, but with limitations. The mere presence of a plausible ignition source around the point of origin of a fire is insufficient to establish that source as the cause. Examples are given to show the difficulty of eliminating all causes but one. Particular attention is given to electrical evidence such as arcing.
Metabolism of Acetone to Isopropyl Alcohol in Rats and Humans
Authors: Lewis GD , Laufman AK , McAnalley BH , Garriott JC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Isopropyl alcohol and acetone have been detected in autopsy blood samples of individuals not previously exposed to these compounds. Since some of these individuals had a history of diabetes mellitus, it has been suggested that in these cases, reduction of acetone to isopropyl alcohol might be a metabolic pathway for its production. This hypothesis was investigated in a study of normal and diabetic rats. Acute administration of acetone resulted in measureable levels of isopropyl alcohol in blood. Metabolism of acetone to isopropyl alcohol was different in normal and diabetic animals. Blood levels of isopropanol reached a maximum at the second highest dose in normal rats, but there was a two-phase response in diabetic rats. In a second series of experiments, acetone was administered on alternate days for a week. In spite of this chronie administration (and persistence of high blood acetone), there was no enhancement of acetone metabolism to isopropyl alcohol. These experiments indicate that high levels of blood acetone could result in transformation to isopropyl alcohol.
Characterization of Gunshot Residues by X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Tassa M , Leist Y , Steinberg M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The application of X-ray diffraction complemented by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis to the characterization of gunshot residues is reported. Lead in the metallic form is found to be the main constituent of all gunshot residues tested. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain the appearance of lead in the metallic state as well as the formation of gunshot residue.
A Quality Assurance Program for the Laboratory Examination of Arson and Explosives Cases
Authors: Brunelle RL , Garner DD , Wineman PL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Quality assurance in forensic laboratories is no less important than quality control in industry. The prosecutor, defense attorney, judge or jury and, of course, the defendant have every right to expect an analysis of the highest possible quality by the forensic scientist. The life or liberty of an individual may hinge on the analysis conducted by a forensic scientist and corresponding testimony in court. A quality assurance program has been implemented for arson and explosive cases. A statistically valid number of case examinations are reviewed annually for critical, major, and minor defects according to predetermined factors such as turnaround time, tests performed, conclusions reached, and notes taken. Questionnaires on the quality and responsiveness of the laboratories are sent to the submitters of evidence. The forensic chemists are subjected to blind testing semiannually. Laboratory-prepared samples disguised as actual cases are submitted to the various laboratories by special agents in the field and the reports are evaluated.
A New Method for Recovering Latent Fingerprints from Skin
Authors: Feldman MA , Meloan CE , Lambert JL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The developed method for detecting fingerprints on live human skin involves first fuming the suspected area with iodine, and then placing a 35-mm clear plastic strip with a leuco crystal violet coating and a trace of water over the fumed area. A few seconds later a dark purple reproduction of the ridge pattern develops. It is a stable direct positive and can be mounted in a 35-ram slide mount for direct viewing. Readable prints may be obtained up to 1 h after impression on live human skin and two or three lifts may be obtained from the same print.