bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die digitale Volumentomografie in der kieferorthopädischen Praxis
Authors: Nelson G. 
Published: October 2014

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Volumentomografie in der kieferorthopädischen Praxis erläutert und auf die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, die Strahlenbelastung für Patienten und auf Fragen der Haftung wird eingegangen. Des Weiteren wird ein Überblick über wichtige Forschungsergebnisse gegeben, von denen etliche in der Abteilung für Kieferorthopädie der Universität von Kalifornien in San Francisco (UCSF) durchgeführt wurden. Schließlich wird ein systematisches Verfahren zur Beurteilung eines Volumentomogramms vorgestellt.
Kinderanästhesie
Authors: Fischer Thomas 
Published: October 2014

ZusammenfassungAnästhesie als Fachgebiet ist für die schmerzfreie operative Versorgung nötig und nahezu symbiotisch mit der Tätigkeit des Chirurgen verbunden. Anästhesisten müssen neben dem eigentlichen operativen Eingriff das Alter des Patienten und seine Begleiterkrankungen sowie zu erwartende Schwierigkeiten während der Operation in ihre Tätigkeit integrieren. Die anästhesiologische Versorgung von Kindern, speziell von Neugeborenen mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen, ist ein besonderer Bereich der Anästhesie – verbunden mit einem hohen Behandlungsrisiko für den Anästhesisten.
Integrated life-cycle assessment of electricity-supply scenarios confirms global environmental benefit of low-carbon technologies
Authors: Hertwich Edgar G. , Gibon Thomas , Bouman Evert A. , Arvesen Anders , Suh Sangwon , Heath Garvin A. , Bergesen Joseph D. , Ramirez Andrea , Vega Mabel I. , Shi Lei 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Life-cycle assessments commonly used to analyze the environmental costs and benefits of climate-mitigation options are usually static in nature and address individual power plants. Our paper presents, to our knowledge, the first life-cycle assessment of the large-scale implementation of climate-mitigation technologies, addressing the feedback of the electricity system onto itself and using scenario-consistent assumptions of technical improvements in key energy and material production technologies.
Impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Knight Gwenan M. , Griffiths Ulla K. , Sumner Tom , Laurence Yoko V. , Gheorghe Adrian , Vassall Anna , Glaziou Philippe , White Richard G. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
To aid in prioritizing the development of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines most likely to reach the 2050 TB elimination goal, we estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of a range of vaccine profiles in low- and middle-income countries. Using mathematical modeling, we show that vaccines targeted at adolescents/adults could have a much greater impact on the TB burden over a 2024–2050 time horizon than those vaccines targeted at infants. Such vaccines could also be cost-effective, even with relatively high vaccine prices. Our results suggest that to achieve the 2050 elimination goals, future TB vaccine development should focus on vaccines targeted at adolescents/adults, even if only relatively low efficacies and short durations of protection are technically feasible.
Mapping of transcription factor motifs in active chromatin identifies IRF5 as key regulator in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kreher Stephan , Bouhlel M. Amine , Cauchy Pierre , Lamprecht Björn , Li Shuang , Grau Michael , Hummel Franziska , Köchert Karl , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Jöhrens Korinna , Hummel Michael , Hiscott John , Wenzel Sören-Sebastian , Lenz Peter , Schneider Markus , Küppers Ralf , Scheidereit Claus , Giefing Maciej , Siebert Reiner , Rajewsky Klaus , Lenz Georg , Cockerill Peter N. , Janz Martin , Dörken Bernd , Bonifer Constanze , Mathas Stephan 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Human lymphomas and leukemias are characterized by molecular and structural alterations of transcription factors (TFs). The identification of such deregulated TFs is therefore central to the understanding of lymphomagenesis. We addressed this question in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), a common B-cell–derived malignancy that is one of the most prominent examples for complex patterns of deregulated TFs including the activation of NF-κB or AP-1 and a profound deregulation of lineage-specific TFs. We found that IRF5 together with NF-κB induces a number of HL characteristic features in non-Hodgkin cells, such as expression of cytokines and chemokines or AP-1 activation. Our work exemplifies how the global lymphoma type-specific characterization of TF activities can improve the understanding of tumor biology.
Single-molecule packaging initiation in real time by a viral DNA packaging machine from bacteriophage T4
Authors: Vafabakhsh Reza , Kondabagil Kiran , Earnest Tyler , Lee Kyung Suk , Zhang Zhihong , Dai Li , Dahmen Karin A. , Rao Venigalla B. , Ha Taekjip 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Tailed bacteriophages and herpes viruses use powerful molecular machines to package their genomes into a viral capsid using ATP as fuel. Recent biophysical and structural studies have provided a detailed picture of mechanochemistry of DNA packaging. However, little is known about the packaging initiation step owing to its transient nature. Here, we reconstituted the bacteriophage T4 DNA packaging machine and imaged individual packaging events in real time. We discovered that initiations occur in bursts and through multiple pathways, including direct capture of DNA by the capsid portal, and they require rapid input of energy, analogous to the cranking of an engine. This system opens a new window into the mechanism of viral genome packaging initiation and the evolution of icosahedral viruses.
The high heritability of educational achievement reflects many genetically influenced traits, not just intelligence
Authors: Krapohl Eva , Rimfeld Kaili , Shakeshaft Nicholas G. , Trzaskowski Maciej , McMillan Andrew , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Asbury Kathryn , Harlaar Nicole , Kovas Yulia , Dale Philip S. , Plomin Robert 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Differences among children in educational achievement are highly heritable from the early school years until the end of compulsory education at age 16, when UK students are assessed nationwide with standard achievement tests [General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)]. Genetic research has shown that intelligence makes a major contribution to the heritability of educational achievement. However, we show that other broad domains of behavior such as personality and psychopathology also account for genetic influence on GCSE scores beyond that predicted by intelligence. Together with intelligence, these domains account for 75% of the heritability of GCSE scores. These results underline the importance of genetics in educational achievement and its correlates. The results also support the trend in education toward personalized learning.
Part-crystalline part-liquid state and rattling-like thermal damping in materials with chemical-bond hierarchy
Authors: Qiu Wujie , Xi Lili , Wei Ping , Ke Xuezhi , Yang Jihui , Zhang Wenqing 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Materials with chemical-bond hierarchy may have a specially mixed part-crystalline part-liquid state and show nontraditional thermal transports beyond the traditional “small-parameter” lattice dynamics approach, especially the rattling-like thermal damping and thus an unusual lattice thermal conductivity that can only be described by including an effective “resonant” phonon scattering.
Cold and hunger induce diurnality in a nocturnal mammal
Authors: van der Vinne Vincent , Riede Sjaak J. , Gorter Jenke A. , Eijer Willem G. , Sellix Michael T. , Menaker Michael , Daan Serge , Pilorz Violetta , Hut Roelof A. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
The circadian system drives daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. Mammals in nature can change their daily activity rhythms, but causes and consequences of this behavioral plasticity are unknown. Here we show that nocturnal mice become diurnal when challenged by cold or hunger. Negative energy balance changes hormonal, physiological and behavioral rhythms without modifying the rhythm of the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This response is adaptive because activity during daytime warmth and resting in a buffered environment during the cold nighttime generally reduces energy expenditure. This mechanism may explain why nighttime activity in humans generally evokes higher energy uptake and subsequent obesity and metabolic syndrome, as seen in late chronotypes and night shift workers.
Resistance to Zinc and Cadmium inStaphylococcus aureusof Human and Animal Origin
Authors: Nair Rajeshwari , Thapaliya Dipendra , Su Yutao , Smith Tara C. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.Studies conducted in Europe have observed resistance to trace metals such as zinc chloride and copper sulfate in livestock-associatedStaphylococcus aureus. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of zinc and cadmium resistance inS. aureusisolated in the United States.Design.Cross-sectional study of convenience sample ofS. aureusisolates.Participants.Three hundred forty-nineS. aureusisolates, including methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) and methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) obtained from human, swine, and retail meat were included in the sample set.Methods.Polymerase chain reaction was used to test for the presence of genes for zinc and cadmium resistance (czrC), methicillin resistance (mecA), and staphylococcal complement inhibitor (scn). Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was tested using the broth microdilution method. Data were analyzed using the multivariable logistic regression method.Results.Twenty-nine percent (102/349) ofS. aureusisolates wereczrCpositive. MRSA isolates were more likely to beczrCpositive compared to MSSA (MRSAczrCpositive: 12/61, 19.6%; MSSAczrCpositive: 12/183, 6.6%). After adjustment for oxacillin and clindamycin susceptibility in analysis, multidrug-resistantS. aureuswas observed to have low odds of beingczrCpositive (P= .03). The odds of beingczrCpositive were observed to be significantly high in tetracycline-resistantS. aureusisolated from noninfection samples (P = .009) and swine (P< .0001).Conclusions.Resistance to zinc and cadmium was observed to be associated with MRSA, a finding consistently observed in European studies. Prolonged exposure to zinc in livestock feeds and fertilizers could propagate resistance to the metal ion, thereby hindering use of zinc-based topical agents in treatingS. aureusinfections.
Economic Impact of Redundant Antimicrobial Therapy in US Hospitals
Authors: Schultz Leslie , Lowe Timothy J. , Srinivasan Arjun , Neilson Dwight , Pugliese Gina 
Published: October 2014

Background.Overutilization of antimicrobial therapy places patients at risk for harm and contributes to antimicrobial resistance and escalating healthcare costs. Focusing on redundant or duplicate antimicrobial therapy is 1 recommended strategy to reduce overutilization and its attendant effects on patient safety and hospital costs Objective.This study explored the incidence and economic impact of potentially redundant antimicrobial therapy.Methods.We conducted a retrospective analysis of inpatient administrative data drawn from 505 nonfederal US hospitals. All hospitalized patients discharged between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2011, were eligible for study inclusion. Potentially redundant antimicrobial therapy was identified from pharmacy records and was defined as patients receiving treatment with overlapping antibiotic spectra for 2 or more consecutive days.Results.We found evidence of potentially inappropriate, redundant antimicrobial coverage for 23 different antimicrobial combinations in 394 of the 505 (78%) hospitals, representing a total of 32,507 cases. High-frequency redundancies were observed in 3 antianaerobic regimens, accounting for 22,701 (70%) of the cases. Of these, metronidazole and piperacillin-tazobactam accounted for 53% (n = 17,326) of all potentially redundant cases. Days of redundant therapy totaled 148,589, representing greater than $12 million in potentially avoidable healthcare costs.Conclusions.Our study suggests that there may be pervasive use of redundant antimicrobial therapy within US hospitals. Appropriate use of antimicrobials may reduce the risk of harm to patients and lower healthcare costs.
On the Marchenko equation for multicomponent single-sided reflection data
Authors: Wapenaar Kees , Slob Evert 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Recent work on the Marchenko equation has shown that the scalar 3-D Green's function for a virtual source in the subsurface can be retrieved from the single-sided reflection response at the surface and an estimate of the direct arrival. Here, we discuss the first steps towards extending this result to multicomponent data. After introducing a unified multicomponent 3-D Green's function representation, we analyse its 1-D version for elastodynamic waves in more detail. It follows that the main additional requirement is that the multicomponent direct arrival, needed to initiate the iterative solution of the Marchenko equation, includes the forward-scattered field. Under this and other conditions, the multicomponent Green's function can be retrieved from single-sided reflection data, and this is demonstrated with a 1-D numerical example.
Determination of three-dimensional spin–orbit angle with joint analysis of asteroseismology, transit lightcurve, and the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect: Cases of HAT-P-7 and Kepler-25
Authors: Benomar Othman , Masuda Kento , Shibahashi Hiromoto , Suto Yasushi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We develop a detailed methodology of determining three-dimensionally the angle between the stellar spin and the planetary orbit axis vectors, ψ, for transiting planetary systems. The determination of ψ requires the independent estimates of the inclination angles of the stellar spin axis and of the planetary orbital axis with respect to the line of sight, i⋆ and iorb, and the projection of the spin–orbit angle on to the plane of the sky, λ. These are mainly derived from asteroseismology, transit lightcurve, and the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, respectively. The detailed joint analysis of those three datasets enables an accurate and precise determination of the numerous parameters characterizing the planetary system, in addition to ψ. We demonstrate the power of the joint analysis for the two specific systems HAT-P-7 and Kepler-25. HAT-P-7b is the first exoplanet suspected to be a retrograde (or polar) planet because of the significant misalignment λ ≈ 180°. Our joint analysis indicates i⋆ ≈ 30° and ψ ≈ 120°, suggesting that the planetary orbit is closer to polar rather than retrograde. Kepler-25 is one of the few multi-transiting planetary systems with measured λ, and hosts two short-period transiting planets and one outer non-transiting planet. The projected spin–orbit angle of the larger transiting planet, Kepler-25c, has been measured to be λ ≈ 0°, implying that the system is well aligned. With the help of the tight constraint from asteroseismology, however, we obtain $i_\star ={65{{^{\circ}_{.}}}4}^{+{10{{\kern.4pt.\vphantom{|}}^{\kern-2pt\circ}}6}}_{-{6{{\kern.4pt.\vphantom{|}}^{\kern-2pt\circ}}4}}$ and $\psi ={26{{^{\circ}_{.}}}9}^{+{7{{\kern.4pt.\vphantom{|}}^{\kern-2pt\circ}}0}}_{-{9{{\kern.4pt.\vphantom{|}}^{\kern-2pt\circ}}2}}$, and thus find that the system is actually mildly misaligned. This is the first detection of the spin–orbit misalignment for the multiple planetary system with a main-sequence host star, and points to mechanisms that tilt a stellar spin axis relative to its protoplanetary disk.
Long-term Effects of Single or Multiple Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposures on Rat Hippocampal Ultrastructure
Authors: Amrock Levana G. , Starner Mathew L. , Murphy Kathy L. , Baxter Mark G. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background:
Neonatal exposure to general anesthetics may pose significant neurocognitive risk. Human epidemiological studies demonstrate higher rates of learning disability among children with multiple, but not single, exposures to anesthesia. The authors employ a rat model to provide a histological correlate for these population-based observations. The authors examined long-term differences in hippocampal synaptic density, mitochondrial density, and dendritic spine morphology.

Methods:
Twenty male rat pups (n = 5/condition) were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane under one of four conditions: single 2-h exposure on postnatal day 7 (P7); single 6-h exposure on P7; repeated 2-h exposures on P7, P10, and P13 for a cumulative 6 h of general anesthetics; or control exposure to 30% oxygen on P7, P10, and P13.

Results:
Repeated exposure to general anesthetics resulted in greater synaptic loss relative to a single 2-h exposure (P < 0.001). The magnitude of synaptic loss induced by three 2-h exposures (1.977 ± 0.040 μm3 [mean ± SEM]) was more profound than that of a single 6-h exposure (2.280 ± 0.045 μm3, P = 0.022). Repeated exposures did not alter the distribution of postsynaptic density length, indicating a uniform pattern of loss across spine types. In contrast, mitochondrial toxicity was best predicted by the cumulative duration of exposure. Relative to control (0.595 ± 0.017), both repeated 2-h exposures (0.479 ± 0.015) and a single 6-h exposure (0.488 ± 0.013) were associated with equivalent reductions in the fraction of presynaptic terminals containing mitochondria (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This suggests a “threshold effect” for general anesthetic–induced neurotoxicity, whereby even brief exposures induce long-lasting alterations in neuronal circuitry and sensitize surviving synapses to subsequent loss.
Diversity powers performance at Catalyst Energy
Authors: Pande Sharon 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to observe how the Catalyst Energy college of engineering for women has played a significant role in helping to train women in fields such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and power production and so overcome a shortage of qualified women in these fields.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper examines what gave rise to the diversity initiative at Catalyst Energy’s Ahmedabad plant, India, and the success that it has achieved.

Findings
– This paper reveals that, of the first batch of 30 students, in 1995, eight made it to Catalyst Energy. The number has grown every year since then.

Practical implications
– It explains that Catalyst is working towards having women make up half its workforce, as it moves away from being dominated by Gujarati males.

Social implications
– It touches on some of the reasons that women are under-represented in Indian companies.

Originality/value
– It reveals that globalization is a key pressure in encouraging Catalyst to make its workforce more diverse.
Causal recipes for high performance
Authors: Chandra Balodi Krishna , Prabhu Jaideep 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore and compare causal recipes for high performance among young Indian and UK firms in high-tech industries.Design/methodology/approach– The traditional configuration approach suggests using the leadership, strategy, structure, and environment domains to identify configurations. In response to calls to improve causal linkages, and drawing on work on start-ups’ configurations, entrepreneurial orientation is used with these four domains to identify configurations. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis is used to analyze data collected via questionnaires from 70 Indian and 21 UK young firms.Findings– In all five configurations identified in UK context, firms adopt high external integration, and employ inorganic development strategies, exhibit high internal integration, or do not operate in a highly competitive industry. These firms carve out niches, enjoy strong linkages with supply chain partners, and have strong enough reputations that their environment is not highly competitive. Although employees are told what to do, autonomy is provided on how to do it. Among the nine Indian configurations, a large number of managers with high-growth experience is absent in eight, high internal integration is lacking in six, and high external integration is missing in five. These firms employ alternative recipes for success, as discussed in the paper.Originality/value– Comparing configurations in the Indian and UK contexts, the paper highlights similarities and differences across configurations, and that founders devise alternate pathways to achieve high performance. It also notes changes in relationships among variables across configurations.
Citation impact analysis of research papers that appear in oral and poster sessions
Authors: Ke Shih-Wen , Lin Wei-Chao , Tsai Chih-Fong , Hu Ya-Han 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– Conference publications are an important aspect of research activities. There are generally both oral presentations and poster sessions at large international conferences. One can hypothesise that, for the same conferences, the papers presented in oral sessions should have a higher research impact than the papers presented in poster sessions. However, there has been no related study examining the validity of this hypothesis. In other words, the difference of research impact between papers presented orally or during poster sessions has not been discussed in literature. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to conduct a citation analysis to compare the research impact of papers presented in oral and poster sessions.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, data from three leading conferences in the field of computer vision are examined, namely CVPR (2011 and 2012), ICCV (2011) and ECCV (2012). Several types of citation-related statistics are collected, including the number of highly cited papers (i.e. high number of citations) presented in oral and poster sessions, the total citations of both types of papers, the average citations of oral and poster papers, and the average citations of each frequently cited paper of both types.

Findings
– There are three main findings. First, a larger proportion of highly cited papers are from oral sessions than poster sessions. Second, the average number of citations per paper is larger for those presented in oral sessions than poster sessions. Third, the average number of citations for highly cited papers presented in oral sessions is not necessarily greater than for the ones presented in poster sessions.

Originality/value
– The originality of this paper is that it is the first attempt to examine the differences of citation impacts of conference papers presented in oral and poster sessions. The findings of this study will allow future bibliometrics research to further explore this related issue for longer periods and different fields.