bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goat meat supply and demand in Vietnam: global context and opportunities and risks for smallholder producers
Authors: Olmo Luisa , Nguyen Huu Van , Nguyen Xuan Ba , Bui Thi Nga , Ngo Cuc Thi Kim , Nguyen Viet Don , Hoang Nam , Morales Luis Emilio , Walkden-Brown Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Goats are the fastest increasing livestock population on earth, growing by 29% in the past decade. In Vietnam, goat numbers grew remarkably faster at 103% in the same period. To understand the reasons for this rapid growth and implications, we explored the characteristics of Vietnamese goat supply and demand and identified risks and opportunities for smallholder goat producers. Our analysis finds that the continued growth of goat consumption in Vietnam is driven by Vietnam’s: (1) large and growing population (97.3 million) and economy; (2) high meat consumption relative to Gross Domestic Product; (3) high social value placed on goat consumption; (4) increasing popularity of meat consumption; (5) established socio-cultural goat consumption practices; (6) increasing preference for grass-fed meat; and (7) increasing supply from neighbouring countries. As a result, growth in Vietnamese goat meat prices has continually outperformed growth in goat supply over the past decade. Supply is mainly produced by thousands of smallholder farmers in Vietnam and neighbouring Laos. Hence, there are important livelihood and rural development opportunities for producers to increase and diversify into goats. In Laos, each additional goat sold represents a 4.75% increase in smallholder household income per year. To reduce risks to goat producers, research is needed to: (1) forecast the current and future demand for goats in Vietnam to prevent oversupply leading to price collapse; (2) understand how premiums are awarded for goat characteristics; (3) investigate pathways for formalising trade and its impacts on smallholders; and (4) establish strategies for producers to improve supply without degrading natural resources, or increase disease outbreak risk.
The PAWS project – Promoting and supporting the wellbeing of undergraduate students with service dogs
Authors: O’Hagan Anna Donnla , Gavigan Nathan , Goss Hannah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

There is growing concern for young peoples’ mental health nationally and internationally, with third-level students identified as a high-risk group for mental health difficulties. In particular, exams are considered periods of extreme stress for college students, which can lead to poor academic performance, greater tension, and increased physiological stress. The current study examined the impact of an unstructured, canine-assisted intervention delivered during the final week of the semester on undergraduate student wellbeing. Two on-campus events were run, during which N=122 undergraduate students (Males=32, Females=86, Transgender=1, Non-Binary=3; Mage=20.28±1.64) completed a battery of tests [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – State Anxiety Inventory, Stress Visual Analog Scale, Brunel Mood Scale Questionnaire] as measures of anxiety, perceived stress, and mood, prior to and following spending 10–15 min with a service dog and their handler. Significant reductions were observed in state anxiety (
p
=<0.001), perceived stress (
p
<0.001), tension (
p
<0.001), depression (
p
<0.001), anger (
p
<0.001), fatigue (
p
<0.001), and confusion (
p
<0.001) prior to and following time spent with the service animals. Spending a relatively short amount of time with a service animal had a positive effect on psychological markers of anxiety, stress, and negative mood states. Short, unstructured, on-campus canine-assisted interactions have the potential to positively impact student wellbeing and mental health.
On the ensemble Kalman inversion under inequality constraints
Authors: Hanu Matei , Weissmann Simon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI), a recently introduced optimisation method for solving inverse problems, is widely employed for the efficient and derivative-free estimation of unknown parameters. Specifically in cases involving ill-posed inverse problems and high-dimensional parameter spaces, the scheme has shown promising success. However, in its general form, the EKI does not take constraints into account, which are essential and often stem from physical limitations or specific requirements. Based on a log-barrier approach, we suggest adapting the continuous-time formulation of EKI to incorporate convex inequality constraints. We underpin this adaptation with a theoretical analysis that provides lower and upper bounds on the ensemble collapse, as well as convergence to the constraint optimum for general nonlinear forward models. Finally, we showcase our results through two examples involving partial differential equations.
Anhysteretic strains in ferroelectric ceramics under electromechanical loading
Authors: Babori Chaimae , Barati Mahmoud , Segouin Valentin , Corcolle Romain , Daniel Laurent 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates anhysteretic strains in PZT ceramics. The anhysteretic curves are associated with a stable balanced state of polarization in the domain structure, excluding dissipative effects related to mechanisms such as domain wall pinning. Anhysteretic measurements are representative of an -ideal- scenario in which the material would undergo no energy loss due to dissipative processes, focusing on the stable and reversible aspects of the domain configuration. The different methodologies employed to measure deformations under electromechanical loading are presented, leading to the introduction of digital image correlation (DIC) as the chosen technique, recognized for its ability to capture detailed information on transverse and longitudinal strain. The article then describes a procedure developed to obtain anhysteretic strain and anhysteretic polarisation for different levels of compressive loadings. The subsequent presentation of the results of the transverse and longitudinal strain analyses provides valuable insights into the reversible and irreversible behavior of the material. They can be used as a basis for the thermodynamical modelling approaches grounded on separating reversible and irreversible contributions or as a validation of existing models describing anhysteretic behavior. The compressive stress affects both the shape of hysteretic and anhysteretic curves. The anhysteretic curve represents a stable equilibrium in the domain structure. Compressive stress reduces strain by affecting the pinning of domain walls. These points justify the interest in studying the effect of compressive stress on the anhysteretic behavior of ferroelectrics.
Broadband optically transparent microwave absorber made of interdigital metasurfaces in rotational symmetry with a single air spacer
Authors: Wan Longxin , Xu Xiaofei , Duan Kun , Zhao Junming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A broadband optically transparent metasurface microwave absorber (MMA) is designed and experimentally studied. The MMA is made of two indium tin oxide (ITO) resistive films deposited on two transparent polyethylene terephthalate substrates respectively, between which is sandwiched a single air spacer. The top ITO resistive film is etched with periodic interdigital metasurface patterns in rotational symmetry, while the bottom ITO resistive film is an integrated sheet with a low resistance working as the backplane. By carefully optimizing the functional interdigital metasurface structures in a numerical solver, a desirable 4-octave broadband MMA is achieved. The absorbing bandwidth is 4.53–18.71 GHz (122.03%) in the numerical predictions for the perpendicular incidence, in which the absorptivity is greater than 90%. Its total thickness is only 5.8 mm or 0.088λ
L, where λ
L is the wavelength (66.23 mm) at the lowest 4.53 GHz. The absorber is validated in experiments. Results are observed in good agreement with the simulated ones. The interdigital MMA is polarization-insensitive and able to operate for wide-angle incidences up to 45°. These properties are demonstrated in both simulations and experiments.
Applications of emulation and Bayesian methods in heavy-ion physics
Authors: Paquet Jean-François 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Heavy-ion collisions provide a window into the properties of many-body systems of deconfined quarks and gluons. Understanding the collective properties of quarks and gluons is possible by comparing models of heavy-ion collisions to measurements of the distribution of particles produced at the end of the collisions. These model-to-data comparisons are extremely challenging, however, because of the complexity of the models, the large amount of experimental data, and their uncertainties. Bayesian inference provides a rigorous statistical framework to constrain the properties of nuclear matter by systematically comparing models and measurements. This review covers model emulation and Bayesian methods as applied to model-to-data comparisons in heavy-ion collisions. Replacing the model outputs (observables) with Gaussian process emulators is key to the Bayesian approach currently used in the field, and both current uses of emulators and related recent developments are reviewed. The general principles of Bayesian inference are then discussed along with other Bayesian methods, followed by a systematic comparison of seven recent Bayesian analyses that studied quark-gluon plasma properties, such as the shear and bulk viscosities. The latter comparison is used to illustrate sources of differences in analyses, and what it can teach us for future studies.
Manipulating a beam of barium fluoride molecules using an electrostatic hexapole
Authors: Touwen A , van Hofslot J W F , Qualm T , Borchers R , Bause R , Bethlem H L , Boeschoten A , Borschevsky A , Fikkers T H , Hoekstra S , Jungmann K , Marshall V R , Meijknecht T B , Mooij M C , E Timmermans R G , Ubachs W , Willmann L ,   NL-eEDM collaboration
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An electrostatic hexapole lens is used to manipulate the transverse properties of a beam of barium fluoride molecules from a cryogenic buffer gas source. The spatial distribution of the beam is measured by recording state-selective laser-induced fluorescence on an emccd camera, providing insight into the intensity and transverse position spread of the molecular beam. Although the high mass and unfavorable Stark shift of barium fluoride pose a considerable challenge, the number of molecules in the low-field seeking component of the N = 1 state that pass a 4 mm diameter aperture 712 mm behind the source is increased by a factor of 12. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the molecular beam can be displaced by up to ±5 mm by moving the hexapole lens. Our measurements agree well with numerical trajectory simulations. We discuss how electrostatic lenses may be used to increase the sensitivity of beam experiments such as the search for the electric dipole moment of the electron.
Impact of torque on active Brownian particle: exact moments in two and three dimensions
Authors: Pattanayak Anweshika , Shee Amir , Chaudhuri Debasish , Chaudhuri Abhishek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effects of torque, accounting for translational diffusion, on active Brownian particles (ABPs) in two (2d) and three (3d) dimensions. The torque is equivalent to chirality in 2d, well known as chiral active Brownian particles (cABPs), whereas in 3d, this is introduced as an external torque on the ABPs. Despite the inherent complexity in solving the Fokker–Planck equation, we demonstrate a Laplace transform method to precisely calculate the temporal evolution of various dynamic moments. Our analysis yields explicit expressions for multiple moments, such as the second and fourth moments of displacement, revealing the impact of persistence and chirality/torque. These moments exhibit oscillatory behavior, and excess kurtosis indicates deviations from the Gaussian distribution during intermediate time intervals.
Edge modes in finite-size systems with different edge terminals
Authors: Wang 王 Huiping 会平 , Ren 任 Li 莉 , Zhang 张 Xiuli 修丽 , Qin 秦 Liguo 立国 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the behavior of edge modes in the presence of different edge terminations and long-range (LR) hopping. Here, we mainly focus on such model crystals with two different types of structures (type I: “…–P–Q–P–Q–…” and type II: “… = P–Q = P–Q = …”), where P and Q represent crystal lines (CLs), while the symbols “–” and “=” denote the distance between the nearest neighbor (NN) CLs. Based on the lattice model Hamiltonian with LR hopping, the existence of edge modes is determined analytically by using the transfer matrix method (TMM) when different edge terminals are taken into consideration. Our findings are consistent with the numerical results obtained by the exact diagonalization method. We also notice that edge modes can exhibit different behaviors under different edge terminals. Our result is helpful in solving novel edge modes in honeycomb crystalline graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides with different edge terminals.
Fault line selection algorithm for single-phase high-impedance ground faults in distribution networks based on the hilbert-huang transform
Authors: Liu Hejin , Zhang Linli , Hang Min , Li Lisheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High-impedance faults in distribution networks have stable characteristics, making them difficult to identify. This paper proposes a fault line selection algorithm for single-phase high-impedance ground faults in distribution networks based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform. The Hilbert-Huang Transform analysis method is used to distinguish fault lines. The first intrinsic mode function component obtained from the decomposition of the zero-sequence current within several cycles after the fault is subjected to a Hilbert Transform, yielding the HHT spectrum peak values. These are then combined with the peak values of the zero-sequence current to construct a two-parameter fault line selection criterion. Finally, simulation data of a single-phase ground fault model in a distribution network verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault line selection method.
Static response of MEMS double layered simply supported beams containing quasicrystals
Authors: Huang Yunzhi , Wang Penghui , Liu Yuepeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The static response of Micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) double-layer simply-supported beams made of quasicrystalline (QC) and crystal (C) is studied considering the influence of nonlocal scale effects. In light of the theory of nonlocal elasticity for QCs, the closed responses of phonon, phason, and electric fields are derived using the state vector formula and propagator matrix method. Calculation results indicate that theoretical responses are consistent with the simulation ones via the finite element. Among the three micro-distributed forces, the magnitude of their effects is in order of electric field, Casimir, and van der Waals micro-forces. The rising van der Waals and Casimir micro-forces elevates the displacement with the stress of beams. The displacement decreases slowly when nonlocal scale parameters grow. The phonon displacement of microbeams with C/QC stacking order is larger than the corresponding value of QC/C stacking order. This paper’s results support the design and evaluation of MEMS structures containing QCs.
Analysis of influencing factors on numerical computation of underwater explosion of slender tapered charge
Authors: Fang Houlin , Liu Cunxu , Lu Qiang , Guo Quanshi , Tang Shiying , Guo Zhiyun , Zhang Dezhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To accurately calculate the shock-wave pressure curve of the underwater explosion of slender tapered charge, this research constructs a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model. In this foundation, this research further investigates the influence of the computational domain size, computational domain symmetry, gauge grid size, charge grid size, and biaxial grid uniformity on the shock-wave pressure curve. As a whole, this research reveals the following several findings. To begin with, increasing the size of the computational domain is helpful to weaken the curve oscillation, and so is maintaining the symmetry of the computational domain. Secondly, an excessive ratio of the number of two-dimensional grids, which is manifested by the non-uniformity of biaxial grids, leads to the grid being too slender at the boundary and the oscillation amplitude of the pressure curve increasing obviously. Furthermore, the gauge grid size exerts a notable influence on the peak pressure of the shock wave. Lastly, in the case of a fine grid covering the gauge, the charge grid size generates no obvious influence on the peak pressure.
Mechanical properties analysis of bending-torsion coupled blades with different skin area angles
Authors: Jin Xiaoyin , Liu Jiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the CFD-FEM method is used to study the mechanical properties of wind turbine bend-twist coupled blades by changing the bias angle of the inner and outer skins under the rated wind speed. The results show that the wind turbine blade’s inner and outer skin offset ± 45° respectively, and the maximum stress and maximum strain of the wind turbine blade decreased by 27.7% and 2.1%, indicating that the blade load reduction performance is the best in this case. Changing the skin angle on the blade deformation does not have much effect, and the maximum increase in blade deformation is only 2.5%.
Impacts of mandrel parameters on forming quality of tube bending with small bending radius
Authors: Wan Tao , Fang Jun , Shang Wenxuan , Wang Kelu , Lu Shiqiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To enhance the quality of tube bending with a small bending radius, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate numerically controlled (NC) bending of stainless steel tubes made from 21-6-9 alloy. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted to examine the influence of mandrel parameters on the forming quality in terms of the rate of wall thickening, rate of wall thinning, and ovality of cross-section. The findings indicate that increasing the mandrel axial feed or mandrel diameter leads to a slight decrease in wall thickening rate, a noticeable increase in wall thinning rate, and a significant reduction in cross-section ovality. Optimal values for the mandrel axial feed and mandrel diameter are determined to be 0.5 mm-1.5 mm and 5.23 mm-5.43 mm, respectively. These results have important implications for guiding the design of mandrel parameters and enhancing the forming quality of NC bending for stainless steel tubes made from 21-6-9 alloy with a small bending radius.
Structural optimization and drag reduction research of biomimetic hydrofoils inspired by pufferfish
Authors: Wei Kairan , Zhao Lei , Zhu Dongpo , Tian Guizhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The underwater glider will be subjected to fluid resistance during operation, which greatly reduces its endurance and fuel conversion efficiency. Therefore, reducing its surface fluid resistance is an effective way to improve its working capacity and reduce energy consumption. With the development of bionics, people begin to learn various functional surfaces. In this paper, inspired by pufferfish, the tiny spinal protrusions of pufferfish are simplified into microstructure and arranged on NACA0012 airfoil for research. The performance of the bionic microstructure is affected by many factors. The orthogonal test is designed to optimize its structure to evaluate the influence of different heights, bottom radius, arrangement position, and arrangement spacing on the resistance of the hydrofoil. The SST k-ω turbulence model is used for numerical simulation. The bionic hydrofoil has a drag reduction effect of about 6.05 %, which means that the bionic microstructure will be further optimized in the future to be applied to other airfoils.
Study on thermo-mechanical coupling model in pantograph-catenary system of rail vehicle
Authors: Jiang Hangyan , Zhou Ning , Cheng Yao , Wei Haifei , Yan Jingke , Zhang Weihua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The coupling of the pantograph-catenary system represents a complex multi-disciplinary challenge, intertwining multi-fields and intricate interactions. Based on thermodynamic theory, this paper establishes a thermal-force coupling model for the pantograph carbon slider of high-speed trains, taking into account multiple physical field factors such as heat, dynamics, and electricity. Utilizing a pantograph-catenary contact test bench, we validate a full-scale thermo-mechanical coupling model for the pantograph carbon slider. Thereafter, we assess the coupled temperature and stress outcomes of the carbon slider. The results indicate that dynamic variations in the surface temperature of the carbon slider could lead to the formation of localized high-temperature zones. The phenomena of thermal expansion and contraction, combined with heat accumulation, increase the risk of thermal stress cracks and carbon strip fractures. Longitudinal reverse heat warping deformation occurs in the carbon strip. The airway of the aluminum bracket experiences the highest coupled stress and requires enhanced load-bearing capacity.
Study on inertial migration behaviours under secondary flow patterns using a fluid-structure interaction approach
Authors: Tan Xin , Lin Ying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the present work, the critical aspects of how particles influence the structure of secondary flows are explored. Despite its significance in the manipulation and detection of particles and cells in microfluidic applications, this topic has received limited attention until now. Employing a fluid-structure interaction method, this research examines the two-way coupling between particles and secondary flows at a Reynolds number (Re) of 80, revealing significant insights into the behaviour of particles under such conditions. The investigation explores the intricate relationships between particle transverse migration, rotation, and secondary flow fields, emphasizing how these interactions amplify with both particle size and secondary flow intensity. The findings underscore the critical role of secondary flow vortices in generating drag forces, which in turn influence particle motion. Notably, the study demonstrates that for larger particles (a/H=0.375), the vortex-induced additional force acts repulsively, discouraging their movement along with the secondary flow. Through detailed analysis, this paper elucidates the lateral migration behaviour of particles, their rotational dynamics in response to secondary flows, and the overarching effects of their interactions with secondary flow structures. This research provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing particle behaviour in microfluidic environments, offering potential advancements in particle manipulation and detection.