bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved protocol for small RNA library construction using High Definition adapters
Authors: Xu Ping , Billmeier Martina , Mohorianu Irina , Green Darrell , Fraser William D , Dalmay Tamas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNext generation sequencing of small RNA (sRNA) libraries is widely used for studying sRNAs in various biological systems. However, cDNA libraries of sRNAs are biased for molecules that are ligated to adapters more or less efficiently than other molecules. One approach to reduce this ligation bias is to use a pool of adapters instead of a single adapter sequence, which allows many sRNAs to be ligated efficiently. We previously developed High Definition (HD) adapters for the Illumina sequencing platform, which contain degenerate nucleotides at the ligating ends of the adapters. However, the current commercial kits produced a large amount of 5’ adapter – 3’ adapter ligation product without the cDNA insert when HD adapters were used to replace the kit adapters. Here, we report a protocol to generate sRNA libraries using HD adapters with greatly reduced proportion of adapter-adapter products due to the degradation of nonligated 3’ adapters. The libraries can be completed within two days and can be used for various biological and clinical samples. As examples for using this protocol, we constructed sRNA libraries using total RNA extracted from cultured mammalian cells and plant leaf tissue.
Implementation of the Sustainable Development Concept in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Tabor Joanna 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The sustainable development concept has become an extraordinarily important formative element of all activities taken by both law makers and the society, including entrepreneurs, for favour of broadly comprehended natural environment protection. This article presents the analysis of practical implementation of the sustainable development concept in manufacturing companies in Poland in the years 2010-2012. It also verifies directions of expenditures made towards environmental protection fixed assets, depending upon investment types, i.e. whether they were end-of-pipe investments or integrated technology investments. It was found that in the industrial processing sector in Poland, the highest average share of expenditures was associated with air and water protection fixed assets, whereas, in case of amounts spent on air protection means, a fall was observed in their share, and an increase in case of water protection. Furthermore, end-of-pipe investments dominated within the structure, whereas an increase was observed in the share end-of-pipe investments, and a fall in the share of integrated technology investments. It was also found that total amounts spent on environmental protection fixed assets per one company and per one employee increased, and the share of this type of expenditures in the total value of fixed assets obtained from manufacturing companies’ investment activities increased as well.
Management Decisions Support System for Rhodeus Amarus (Bloch, 1782) Species Populations in Oltul Mijlociu – Cibin – Hârtibaciu Natura 2000 Site (Romania)
Authors: Bănăduc Doru , Cismaș Ioana-Cristina , Trichkova Teodora , Curtean–Bănăduc Angela 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The main threats to the Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) populations in the Natura 2000 site Oltul Mijlociu - Cibin - Hârtibaciu are the hydro technical modifications of the riverbeds, chemical pollution and poachery. ADONIS:CE is used in general for modeling business processes, but here was used in ecology/biology domain. The authors obtained a Rhodeus amarus model which included all the habitat species requirements, the indicators that provide favourable conservation status and the existing threats and pressures. The maintaining of the minor riverbed morphodynamics is very important - the meanders presence is very important for the local molluscs which are living in the inner U shape parts of the river. The places, where the sediments (sand, mud) are relatively stable, provide suitable habitats for molluscs important for the breeding of Rhodeus amarus. The maintaining of the actual regimes of liquid flows and oxygenation, and the avoidance of increasing of the sediments deposition rate in the water are necessary also for those molluscs species presence conservation. The extraction of sediments in these rivers should be made in correspondence with their natural rate of refilling and at sites at a distance of minimum five kilometres from each other.
Studies Concerning the Hygiene Conditions from the Sadu Farm, Romania
Authors: Tiţa Mihaela-Adriana , Oprean Letiția , Lengyel Ecaterina , Iancu Ramona Maria , Tiţa Ovidiu , Simian Corina 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper aims to establish the conditions of hygiene of the breeding farm from Sadu, Romania, by monitoring the microbiological indicators such as hospital attendant TNG, total number of yeasts and molds, and total number of coliforms in shelters and on milking equipment. By monitoring air microbial flora, containers used for milking and hygiene of livestock (sheep and cow) values are found by the standards in force, with the recommendation to improve the quality of these parameters in order to reduce the values at lower limits.
Correction of Scanning Steps to Improve Accuracy in Interferometric Profilometer
Authors: Sysoev E. , Kulikov R. , Vykhristyuk I. , Chugui Yu. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In scanning interferometry of longitudinal shift, an uncertainty of required phase shift performance leads to a measurement error. Such uncertainty can be caused by external factors (vibrations, air turbulence in measuring area etc.) as well as inaccuracy of the scanning system. The method for calculating the phase shift between interferograms, which allows reducing the measurement error, is proposed. The results of numerical and full scale experiments are presented.
Simulation and Measurements of Small Arms Blast Wave Overpressure in the Process of Designing a Silencer
Authors: Hristov Nebojša , Kari Aleksandar , Jerković Damir , Savić Slobodan , Sirovatka Radoslav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Simulation and measurements of muzzle blast overpressure and its physical manifestations are studied in this paper. The use of a silencer can have a great influence on the overpressure intensity. A silencer is regarded as an acoustic transducer and a waveguide. Wave equations for an acoustic dotted source of directed effect are used for physical interpretation of overpressure as an acoustic phenomenon. Decomposition approach has proven to be suitable to describe the formation of the output wave of the wave transducer. Electroacoustic analogies are used for simulations. A measurement chain was used to compare the simulation results with the experimental ones.
Liquid Crystals as an Active Medium: Novel Possibilities in Plasmonics
Authors: Caputo Roberto , Palermo Giovanna , Infusino Melissa , De Sio Luciano 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe peculiar properties of Liquid Crystals (LCs) foster new possibilities in plasmonics. The combination of the intrinsic tunability of LCs with the plasmonic properties of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) provides novel and intriguing features of systems commonly identified as active plasmonics. Being LCs, one of the media whose refractive index can be controlled through the application of external stimuli, they represent a convenient host for enabling plasmonic tunability. On the other hand, the localized plasmonic resonance, typical of NPs, can strongly influence and control the behaviour of LCs. In this paper, we overview several systems of NPs combined with LCs arranged in different configurations. The properties of the resulting systems suggest novel, intriguing outcomes in both fundamental and applied research.
Crystal structure of trans-dibromido-ethoxido-oxido-bis(triphenylphosphane)- rhenium(V) – an orthorhombic polymorph, C38H35Br2O2P2Re
Authors: Mukiza Janvier , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract C38H35Br2O2P2Re, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 17.5941(5) Å, b = 16.5737(4) Å, c = 24.0147(6) Å, V = 7002.7 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0173, wRref(F2) = 0.0312, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of poly[μ2-methyl 6-nicotinoylpicolinato-κ3O,N:N’)-(μ2- nitrato-κ3O,O’:O’’)silver(I)], C13H10AgN3O6
Authors: Guo Hui , Wang Zhi-Peng , Xiao Guo-Wei , Chen Wen-Hua 
Published: May 2015

Abstract C13H10AgN3O6, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 24.887(3) Å, b = 8.004(1) Å, c = 14.011(1) Å, V = 2791.0 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0301, wRref(F2) = 0.0821, T = 296 K.
Directions of utilisation of waste from green areas
Authors: Witaszek Kamil , Pilarski Krzysztof , Pilarska Agnieszka , Mazur Robert 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Each year communities generate large quantities of municipal waste, including green waste such as grass and leaves. According to the waste catalogue, they may be treated as belonging to the group 20 02 (garden and park waste), and more specifically, to the group 20 02 01 – biodegradable waste. The aim of the study is to characterise the development directions of the green waste generated in the municipalities. Skilful management of this waste is extremely important. The following work focuses on three different technologies that enable efficient management of the green waste: methane fermentation, pelletising and composting. According to many authors, the most common technologies are pelletising and composting. In contrast, biogas fermentation of green waste in the municipalities is performed on a much smaller scale than other technologies. This may be due to the fact that this technology requires a significant expertise and is more complicated in terms of technology
Accumulation of lead and zinc in chosen medicinal plants from Katowice recreation area
Authors: Laskowska Anna , Wiechuła Danuta 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the concentration of lead and zinc in chosen medicinal plants obtained from recreational areas of Katowice as well as to compare the phytoaccumulation properties of these plants. Lead and zinc concentration in plants and soil was indicated with flame and flameless atomisation atomic absorption spectroscopy AAS method. Phytoaccumulation properties of examined plant species were compared using the coefficients: enrichment factor, phytoaccumulation factor and coefficient of specific relative accumulation.
Functional analysis of sepiapterin reductase in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kim Kiyoung , Kim Heuijong , Yim Jeongbin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Sepiapterin reductase (SR) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for the synthesis of important biogenic amines, including catecholamines and serotonin. BH4 deficiencies have been implicated in several neurological disorders. Here, we characterized sepiapterin reductase (SR) loss-of-function mutants in Drosophila melanogaster and demonstrated that SR mutations are responsible for hyposensitivity to oxidative stress. Biochemical analysis further revealed that SR activity and BH4 levels in SR mutants were significantly reduced. Furthermore, we showed that the levels of phosphorylated Akt and total Akt protein were increased in SR mutants. Our findings indicate that SR plays an important role in the Akt pathway and that SR mutants will be a valuable tool for investigating the physiological functions of BH4.
Derivation of consolidation partial differential equations with non-linear fl ow characteristics on organic soil example
Authors: Malinowska Edyta E. , Bursa Bartłomiej A. , Szymański Alojzy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Derivation of consolidation partial differential equations with non-linear flow characteristics on organic soil example. Derivation of consolidation partial differential equation with non-linear flow characteristics is proposed. The non-linear flow characteristics are obtained from flow-pump test on organic soil and described with empirical relationship. Several reasons were crucial to perform tests on organic soil. Firstly organic soils are very compressible, so that results in high permeability changes. Even with small stresses organic soil deforms a lot. Secondly road embankments, flood control levees, dykes and dams are very often located on organic soil, so it is important to model deformations under these constructions. Thus to model consolidation process in soft organic soil one should consider as follows: physical and mechanical properties, non-linear stress-strain relationship, non-linear flow characteristics, and creep strains. This paper is focused mainly on non-linear flow characteristics that change with porosity and hydraulic gradient variations.
Changes in flood risk impacted by river training – case study of piedmont section of the Vistula river
Authors: Łajczak Adam 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Changes in flood risk impacted by river training - case study of piedmont section of the Vistula river. Main problems concerning the flood risk in piedmont section of the Vistula, Southern Poland, are discussed. This stretch of the river is channelized since the middle of the 19th century. It is part of the mainstream discussion of the effectiveness of existing river channelization methods. The following problems are analysed: (1) current state of flood risk, (2) the rate of river flow, (3) changes in flood risk since the start of channelization efforts with respect to changing channel geometry and changing rates of river flow reflecting the effects of channelization work. Substantially increased bankfull discharge in a channelized river may be considered as a stable hydrologic feature of the river stretch analysed. This means that the river is effectively reducing the quantity of water available for flooding the inter-embankment zone. This statement is the basis for analysis of changes in flood risk in the river studied. An assessment of changes in flood risk for the piedmont section of the Vistula cannot be categorical. Some changes in discharge help reduce flood risk, while others increase it. The paper is based mainly on the State Hydrological Survey data over more than the last 100 years, a large-scale maps over the last 230 years, and fieldwork conducted by the author.
How to Train Safe Drivers: Setting Up and Evaluating a Fatigue Training Program
Authors: Adamos Giannis , Nathanail Eftihia 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Fatigue is considered as a serious risk driving behavior, causing road accidents, which in many cases involve fatalities and severe injuries. According to CARE database statistics, professional drivers are indicated as a high-risk group to be involved in a fatigue-related accident. Acknowledging these statistics, a training program on driving fatigue was organized, aiming at raising awareness of professional drivers of a leading company in building materials, in Greece. Selected experimental methods were used for collecting data before and after the training program, which allowed monitoring and assessing the potential behavioural changes. A questionnaire survey was conducted before the program implementation to 162 drivers of the company, while two months after the program, the same drivers replied to a second questionnaire. Impact assessment of the program relied on statistical analysis of the responses. Results showed the degree of penetration of the training program in the professional drivers' behavior towards safe driving.
Formation of Failure Models for the Evaluation of the Reliability of Supply Chains
Authors: Lukinskiy Valery , Lukinskiy Vladislav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Logistics and supply chain management is a comparatively new scientific field which has been rapidly developing.
Apart from the criterion of total logistics costs, that is used to evaluate the efficiency of supply chains, another criterion - total satisfaction of consumer needs - is being increasingly used for the same purpose. It can be explained by the transition to such new logistics concept as the sustainability of supply chains, which is characterized not only by flexibility, rate of response, strength, adaptability, but mostly by the reliability of functioning of the logistics system's elements.
The paper presents critical analysis of the existing approaches to the formation of failure models in supply chains, the methodical approach and classification of failures for the key logistics functions (purchasing, order processing, transportation, storage, warehousing and materials handling) as well as some developed and improved failure models for a number of logistics functions and operations; there have been also given some examples of calculating the reliability indices for the elements of the supply chain.
Braking Deceleration Measurement Using the Video Analysis of Motions by Sw Tracker
Authors: Ondruš Ján , Hockicko Peter 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This contribution deals with the issue of car braking, particularly with the one of M1 category. Braking deceleration measurement of the vehicle Mazda 3 MPS was carried out by the declerograph XL MeterTM Pro. The main aim of the contribution is to perform comparison of the process of braking deceleration between the decelograph and the new alternative method of video analysis and to subsequently examine these processes. The test took place at the Rosina airfield, the airstrip in a small village nearby the town of Žilina. The last part of this paper presents the results, evlauation and comparison of the measurements carried out.
Identifyingy the Utility Function of Transport Services From Stated Preferences
Authors: Andrejszki Tamas , Torok Adam , Csete Maria 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the modal shift of passengers by analyzing their preferences. If the preferences of passengers are known it is possible to build up mathematically their utility function. This is the statistically correct way to simulate the modal shift of the investigated area. To capture the preferences of passengers stated preference method was used in online questionnaire. Five key factors were identified (from the point of passengers): travel cost, travel time, comfort, safety and environmental efficiency. In order to decrease the number of questions three levels were predefined these three questions made the base of the choice model. Every replier got three alternatives and they were told to choose the best for themselves. From the results of the questionnaire the formulas and the parameters of the mode choice utility function was derived. With the help of statistical sample an exponential utility function showed the best matching. For the validation process a probability model was set up to be compared to the proportions of the utilities. With this utility function it is possible to handle the changes in possible future transport services. Based on the introduced statistical approach the described method can be used to identify the effect of transport modes on regional development and tourism. The revealed utility function can help to develop proper regional development plans.
Numerical Simulation of Moving Load on Concrete Pavements
Authors: Lajčáková Gabriela , Melcer Jozef 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The knowledge of the development with time of the strain and stress states in pavement structures is needed in the solution of various engineering tasks as the design fatigue lifetime reliability maintenance and structure development. The space computing model of the truck TATRA 815 is introduced. The pavement computing model is created in the sense of Kirchhof theory of the thin slab on elastic foundation. The goal of the calculation is to obtain the vertical deflection in the middle of the slab and the time courses of vertical tire forces. The equations of motion are derived in the form of differential equations. The assumption about the shape of the slab deflection area is adopted. The equations of the motion are solved numerically in the environment of program system MATLAB. The dependences following the influence of various parameters (speed of vehicle motion, stiffness of subgrade, slab thickness, road profile) on the pavement vertical deflections and the vertical tire forces are introduced. The results obtained from the plate computing model are compared with the results obtained by the FEM analysis. The outputs of the numerical solution in the time domain can be transformed into a frequency domain and subsequently used to solve various engineering tasks.
Cyclic Fracture Toughness of Railway Axle and Mechanisms of its Fatigue Fracture
Authors: Sorochak Andriy , Maruschak Pavlo , Prentkovskis Olegas 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The main regularities in fatigue fracture of the railway axle material - the OSL steel - are found in this paper. Micromechanisms of fatigue crack propagation are described and systematized, and a physical-mechanical interpretation of the relief morphology at different stages of crack propagation is proposed for fatigue cracks in specimens cut out of the surface, internal and central layers of the axle.
Application of Laplace Transform for the Exact Effect of a Magnetic Field on Heat Transfer of Carbon Nanotubes-Suspended Nanofluids
Authors: Ebaid Abdelhalim , Al Sharif Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Since the discovery of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), there is an increasing interest in their applications in industry and medical fields. Attempts of using such CNTs as drug carriers and in cancer therapy in the presence of a magnetic field are now undertaken because of their direct impacts on increasing the thermal conductivity of base fluids. Two types of CNTs are well known for the researchers, the single-walled CNT (SWCNTs) and the multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs); however, the subject of which one is more effective in treatment of cancer deserves more investigations. The present article discusses the effect of such types of CNTs on the flow and heat transfer of nanofluids in the presence of a magnetic field. Exact analytical solution for the heat equation has been obtained by using the Laplace transform, where the solution is expressed in terms of a new special function, the generalised incomplete gamma function. The effects of various parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature distribution, and heat transfer rates have been introduced. Details of possible applications of the current results in the treatment of cancer have been also discussed.
Orthogonal control of expression mean and variance by epigenetic features at different genomic loci
Authors: Dey Siddharth S , Foley Jonathan E , Limsirichai Prajit , Schaffer David V , Arkin Adam P 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWhile gene expression noise has been shown to drive dramatic phenotypic variations, the molecular basis for this variability in mammalian systems is not well understood. Gene expression has been shown to be regulated by promoter architecture and the associated chromatin environment. However, the exact contribution of these two factors in regulating expression noise has not been explored. Using a dual‐reporter lentiviral model system, we deconvolved the influence of the promoter sequence to systematically study the contribution of the chromatin environment at different genomic locations in regulating expression noise. By integrating a large‐scale analysis to quantify mRNA levels by smFISH and protein levels by flow cytometry in single cells, we found that mean expression and noise are uncorrelated across genomic locations. Furthermore, we showed that this independence could be explained by the orthogonal control of mean expression by the transcript burst size and noise by the burst frequency. Finally, we showed that genomic locations displaying higher expression noise are associated with more repressed chromatin, thereby indicating the contribution of the chromatin environment in regulating expression noise.