bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault plane orientations of intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes in the Japan‐Kuril‐Kamchatka subduction zone
Authors: Warren Linda M. , Baluyut Elena C. , Osburg Timothy , Lisac Kristen , Kokkinen Siiri 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the northwestern Pacific, the Pacific plate subducts to the west at the Japan, Kuril, and Kamchatka trenches. Throughout most of the subduction zone, the subducting slab is planar and dipping at an angle of 30°–60°, with the exception of a fold in the southern Kuril segment. To investigate how the slab deforms in response to the applied forces and which mechanism generates the earthquakes, we analyze the rupture properties of 111 large (MW≥5.7) intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes (60–656 km depth) from 1990 to 2014 in the Japan‐Kuril‐Kamchatka subduction zone. For each earthquake, we use rupture directivity to estimate rupture direction and rupture speed and to distinguish the fault plane from the auxiliary plane of the focal mechanism. Seventy six percent of the earthquakes with sufficient station coverage are well modeled by unilateral rupture propagation. The estimated rupture speeds range from zero to supershear. The estimated rupture directions allow identification of the fault plane as the more horizontal nodal plane for 30 earthquakes, while an additional 11 earthquakes rupture toward the intersection of the nodal planes, so the fault plane cannot be identified. Combining our newly identified fault planes with previously identified fault planes in the region, we observe that in planar slab segments, most earthquakes slip along a dominant fault orientation. For a steeply dipping slab, this orientation is subhorizontal. In more sharply bent slab segments, such as the Kuril fold, deformation is accommodated along more variable fault orientations, including subvertical faults. The correlation of slab geometry with fault orientation suggests that the local stress field controls fault orientations.
An examination of methods for estimating land surface microwave emissivity
Authors: Tian Yudong , Peters‐Lidard Christa D. , Harrison Kenneth W. , You Yalei , Ringerud Sarah , Kumar Sujay , Turk F. Joseph 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLand surface emissivity is a critical variable for the passive microwave‐based remote sensing of the land and atmosphere. Driven by the Global Precipitation Measurement mission, we implemented and evaluated a variety of approaches for quantitative estimation of land surface emissivity and its variability, within a well‐defined common framework. These approaches fall into three classes: physical modeling, statistical modeling, and a hybrid of physical and statistical modeling. Every approach is subject to evaluation against retrieved emissivity over a large area in the Southern Great Plains for a period of 2 years. Physical modeling, based on two radiative transfer models coupled to a land surface modeling framework, produced reasonable estimates, with channel‐ and polarization‐dependent errors. Calibration of these models with historical data substantially improved their performance at lower frequencies. The statistical method was tested with five different regression models, and each of them consistently outperformed physical models by about 50%. The best statistical model had an average error of 0.9–2.1%. These statistical models were slightly improved when empirical orthogonal function analysis was incorporated in the emissivity data. The hybrid approach produced errors between the uncalibrated and calibrated physical model errors. In addition to their predictive performance, other aspects of each approach's strengths and weaknesses are discussed.
Tidal and seasonal variations in calving flux observed with passive seismology
Authors: Bartholomaus Timothy C. , Larsen Christopher F. , West Michael E. , O'Neel Shad , Pettit Erin C. , Truffer Martin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe seismic signatures of calving events, i.e., calving icequakes, offer an opportunity to examine calving variability with greater precision than is available with other methods. Here using observations from Yahtse Glacier, Alaska, we describe methods to detect, locate, and characterize calving icequakes. We combine these icequake records with a coincident, manually generated record of observed calving events to develop and validate a statistical model through which we can infer iceberg sizes from the properties of calving icequakes. We find that the icequake duration is the single most significant predictor of an iceberg's size. We then apply this model to 18 months of seismic recordings and find elevated iceberg calving flux during the summer and fall and a pronounced lull in calving during midwinter. Calving flux is sensitive to semidiurnal tidal stage. Large calving events are tens of percent more likely during falling and low tides than during rising and high tides, consistent with a view that deeper water has a stabilizing influence on glacier termini. Multiple factors affect the occurrence of mechanical fractures that ultimately lead to iceberg calving. At Yahtse Glacier, seismology allows us to demonstrate that variations in the rate of submarine melt are a dominant control on iceberg calving rates at seasonal timescales. On hourly to daily timescales, tidal modulation of the normal stress against the glacier terminus reveals the nonlinear glacier response to changes in the near‐terminus stress field.
Abundance, stable isotopic composition, and export fluxes of DOC, POC, and DIC from the Lower Mississippi River during 2006–2008
Authors: Cai Yihua , Guo Laodong , Wang Xuri , Aiken George 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSources, abundance, isotopic compositions, and export fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved and colloidal organic carbon (DOC and COC), and particulate organic carbon (POC), and their response to hydrologic regimes were examined through monthly sampling from the Lower Mississippi River during 2006–2008. DIC was the most abundant carbon species, followed by POC and DOC. Concentration and δ13C of DIC decreased with increasing river discharge, while those of DOC remained fairly stable. COC comprised 61 ± 3% of the bulk DOC with similar δ13C abundances but higher percentages of hydrophobic organic acids than DOC, suggesting its aromatic and diagenetically younger status. POC showed peak concentrations during medium flooding events and at the rising limb of large flooding events. While δ13C‐POC increased, δ15N of particulate nitrogen decreased with increasing discharge. Overall, the differences in δ13C between DOC or DIC and POC show an inverse correlation with river discharge. The higher input of soil organic matter and respired CO2 during wet seasons was likely the main driver for the convergence of δ13C between DIC and DOC or POC, whereas enhanced in situ primary production and respiration during dry seasons might be responsible for their isotopic divergence. Carbon export fluxes from the Mississippi River were estimated to be 13.6 Tg C yr−1 for DIC, 1.88 Tg C yr−1 for DOC, and 2.30 Tg C yr−1 for POC during 2006–2008. The discharge‐normalized DIC yield decreased during wet seasons, while those of POC and DOC increased and remained constant, respectively, implying variable responses in carbon export to the increasing discharge.
Distributed estimation based on information‐based covariance intersection algorithms
Authors: Mahmoud Magdi S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryA distributed estimation approach is developed in this paper using information matrix filter on a distributed tracking system in which multiple sensors are tracking the same target. The information matrix filter version is derived from covariance intersection, weighted covariance and Kalman‐like particle filter, respectively. The steady performance of these filters is evaluated with different feedback strategies. The developed filters are then validated on an industrial utility boiler. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorinated Alcohol‐Mediated SN1‐Type Reaction of Indolyl Alcohols with Diverse Nucleophiles
Authors: Wen Hao , Wang Liang , Xu Lubin , Hao Zhihui , Shao Chang‐Lun , Wang Chang‐Yun , Xiao Jian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper describes an efficient SN1‐type reaction of 3‐indolylmethanols with miscellaneous nucleophiles, featuring a catalyst‐free procedure, low cost, wide substrate scope and mild reaction conditions. This approach provides green and efficient methods for the synthesis of diverse 3‐substituted indolyl derivatives as well as unsymmetrical bisindolylmethanes and triarylmethanes.magnified image
Enantioselektive oxidative aerobe Desalkylierung von N‐Ethylbenzyl‐ isochinolinen mithilfe des Berberin‐Brücken‐Enzyms
Authors: Gandomkar Somayyeh , Fischereder Eva‐Maria , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Wallner Silvia , Habibi Zohreh , Macheroux Peter , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractN‐Desalkylierungsverfahren sind ausführlich in der organischen Chemie beschrieben und finden sich auch in der Natur sowie bei der Verstoffwechselung von Medikamenten wieder. Eine enantioselektive N‐Desalkylierung hingegen wurde nach unserem Wissen noch nie beschrieben. In der hier vorgestellten Studie wurde ausschließlich das S‐Enantiomer eines racemischen tertiären N‐Ethylamins (1‐Benzyl‐N‐ethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisochinolin) desalkyliert, wobei sich unter Verbrauch von molekularem Sauerstoff das entsprechende sekundäre S‐Amin bildete. Diese Reaktion wird vom Berberin‐Brücken‐Enzym, das für die Knüpfung von C‐C‐Bindungen bekannt ist, katalysiert. Die Desalkylierung wurde für einen Maßstab >100 mg gezeigt und brachte das Desalkylierungsprodukt in höchster optischer Reinheit hervor (>98 % ee).
μ3‐η2:η2:η2‐Coordination of Primary Silane on a Triruthenium Plane
Authors: Nagaoka Masahiro , Tsuruda Hiroyuki , Amako Masa‐aki , Suzuki Hiroharu , Takao Toshiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA μ3‐η2:η2:η2‐silane complex, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐η2:η2:η2‐H3SitBu)(μ‐H)3] (2 a; Cp*=η5‐C5Me5), was synthesized from the reaction of [{Cp*Ru(μ‐H)}3(μ3‐H)2] (1) with tBuSiH3. Complex 2 a is the first example of a silane ligand adopting a μ3‐η2:η2:η2 coordination mode. This unprecedented coordination mode was established by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray diffraction analysis and supported by a density functional study. Variable‐temperature NMR analysis implied that 2 a equilibrates with a tautomeric μ3‐silyl complex (3 a). Although 3 a was not isolated, the corresponding μ3‐silyl complex, [(Cp*Ru)3(μ3‐η2:η2‐H2SiPh)(H)(μ‐H)3] (3 b), was obtained from the reaction of 1 with PhSiH3. Treatment of 2 a with PhSiH3 resulted in a silane exchange reaction, leading to the formation of 3 b accompanied by the elimination of tBuSiH3. This result indicates that the μ3‐silane complex can be regarded as an “arrested” intermediate for the oxidative addition/reductive elimination of a primary silane to a trinuclear site.
Towards enhanced electrochemical capacitance with self‐assembled synthesis of poly(pyrrole‐co‐o‐toluidine) nanoparticles
Authors: Hou Zhenzhong , Yang Qinghao , Lu Hai , Li Ying 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPoly(pyrrole‐co‐o‐toluidine) (PPOT) nanoparticles for electrochemical capacitors are easily and productively synthesized by a chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (PY) ando‐toluidine (OT) in 0.5MHCl without any external additive. The polymerization yield, electrical conductivity, and size of the copolymer nanoparticles can significantly be optimized by the oxidant/monomer molar ratio and polymerization temperature. The chemical structure of the obtained copolymer is characterized by UV–vis and FTIR. The copolymer nanoparticles synthesized at 10°C are found to generally have irregular granular morphology with a diameter of 60–100 nm and a small polydispersity index of 1.06 by laser particle‐size analyzer, FE‐SEM, and TEM, and good dispersibility in water. The formation mechanism of the nanoparticles is proposed based on the powerful amphipathicity from comonomer aggregate formed by PY and OT in the monomer solution. The PPOT nanoparticles possess a specific capacitance of 310 F g−1at 25 mV s−1as well as retain 81% of the initial specific capacitance value after 1000 cycles, while its energy density and power density are found to be 40.2 and 1196 W Kg−1at 2 A g−1. The enhanced electrochemical properties can be attributed to the nanostructural advantage of the PPOT. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 42995.
Syntheses, characterization, and hydrolytic degradation of P(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐δ‐valerolactone) copolymers: Influence of molecular weight
Authors: Loriot Marion , Linossier Isabelle , Vallée‐Réhel Karine , Faÿ Fabienne 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBiodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐δ‐valerolactone) copolymers were synthesized and investigated to study their behavior in aqueous medium. The copolyesters were produced by ring opening polymerization between ε‐caprolactone (CL) and δ‐valerolactone (VL) in bulk at 140°C using tin(II) octoate as catalyst. They were characterized by using 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. Reactivity ratio determination gave an insight on their microstructure. Hydration, hydrolytic degradation, and biocide release of P(CL‐VL) films with different molecular weights values were studied. A one‐order kinetic whose rate constant decreases with copolymer macromolecular weight was observed. Although the molecular weight decrease remained relatively weak after 8 months of immersion, a correlation between molecular weight and hydrolysis rate was shown by high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The ability of the P(CL‐VL) films to release active compounds dispersed in the films was studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The release behavior of all copolymers was identical with a zero‐order kinetic. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43007.
Analysis of mandipropamid residual levels through systematic method optimization against the matrix complexity of sesame leaves using HPLC/UVD
Authors: Farha Waziha , Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Kim Sung‐Woo , Jung Da‐I , Im So Jeong , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Kabir Md. Humayun , Lee Kang‐Bong , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn analytical method was developed to detect mandipropamid residues in sesame leaves using high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and were prepurified using a solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge with an additional dispersive‐SPE (d‐SPE) sorbent application. The method was validated using an external calibration curve prepared using pure solvent. The linearity was excellent with determination coefficient = 1. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries at three spiking levels – 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg – were in the range 80.3–90.7% with relative standard deviations <2%. This method was applied to field‐treated samples collected from two different areas, Gwangju and Muan, in the Republic of Korea and the half‐lives were similar, 5.10 and 5.41 days, respectively. The pre‐harvest residue limit was also predicted for both sites. The proposed method is sensitive and able to quantify trace amounts of mandipropamid in leafy vegetables. The combination of SPE and d‐SPE effectively removed the matrix components in sesame leaves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser in infrapopliteal and popliteal stenosis 2 study (LIPS2): Long‐term outcomes of laser‐assisted balloon angioplasty versus balloon angioplasty for below knee peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Piyaskulkaew Chatchawan , Parvataneni Kesav , Ballout Hussein , Szpunar Susan , Sharma Tarun , Almahmoud Mohamed , LaLonde Thomas , Davis Thomas , Mehta Rajendra H. , Yamasaki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundLaser‐assisted balloon angioplasty (LABA) has been shown to be more effective in achieving angiographic success for treatment for below knee peripheral artery disease (PAD) compared with balloon angioplasty alone(BA). However, long‐term outcomes of LABA compared with BA for popliteal and infrapopliteal PAD are unknown.MethodsWe evaluated data on 726 patients undergoing LABA (n = 395) and BA (n = 331) for popliteal and infrapopliteal PAD retrospectively at a single center (2007–2012). Outcomes included long‐term ipsilateral major limb amputation, revascularization and mortality (median follow‐up = 36 months).ResultsBaseline features were similar in two groups with the exception of more TASC‐D lesions (92.4 vs. 66.5%; P < 0.0001) and chronic total occlusions (86.4 vs. 49.5%; P < 0.0001) in LABA group. Angiographic success was higher in LABA compared with BA (97.7 vs. 89.2%; P < 0.0001). Ipsilateral major limb amputation (4.1 vs. 5.1%, P = 0.48) and repeat revascularization (25.1 vs. 23.3%, P = 0.47) were similar in LABA and BA patients despite unfavorable baseline angiographic characteristics in the former. Compared with BA, death was more frequently in LABA group (35.2 and 26.3%, P = 0.01), a reflection of higher comorbid conditions in this group (adjusted HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.79–1.39).ConclusionDespite worse baseline angiographic characteristics compared with BA, LABA was associated with higher angiographic success and similar ipsilateral major amputation, repeat revascularization, and long‐term mortality. Future randomized clinical trial should evaluate the efficacy of LABA compared with BA (particularly drug‐eluting) in improving limb salvage and reducing repeat revascularization in these high‐risk PAD patients. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of One straight‐line flow with and without pedal arch in patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: Higashimori Akihiro , Iida Osamu , Yamauchi Yasutaka , Kawasaki Daizo , Nakamura Masato , Soga Yoshimitsu , Zen Kan , Yokoi Yoshiaki ,   on behalf of the OLIVE Investigators
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the outcomes of revascularization strategies for patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) whereby single vessel run off to the foot was established with or without flow into a patent pedal arch.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 312 consecutive patients with CLI who underwent endovascular therapy (EVT) between December 2009 and February 2011. Below‐the‐knee angiography identified one vessel run off in 137 patients (44%), and we aimed to compare the outcomes between those patients where revascularization resulted in one‐straight‐line flow into a patent pedal arch (76 limbs, Group A) versus those who attained one straight‐line flow to the distal end of a tibial vessel without flow into a patent pedal arch (61 limbs, Group B). The study endpoints were amputation free survival rate, limb salvage rate and wound healing rate at 12 months after EVT.ResultsAmputation free survival rate differed significantly between groups (88.2% in group A vs. 65.6% in group B, P = 0.01). Limb salvage rate also differed between groups (98.4% vs.89.3%, P = 0.03). Wound healing rate showed a trend towards difference between the two groups (89.4% vs. 80.6% P = 0.11).ConclusionsAmong patients with CLI where only one vessel runoff can be established to the foot, direct flow into a patent pedal arch is essential to improve their clinical outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using simulation for teaching femoral arterial access: A multicentric collaboration
Authors: Gurm Hitinder S. , Sanz‐Guerrero Jorge , Johnson Daniel D. , Jensen Andrea , Seth Milan , Chetcuti Stanley J. , Lalonde Thomas , Greenbaum Adam , Dixon Simon R. , Shih Albert 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of simulation training on complications associated with femoral arterial access obtained by first year cardiology fellows. Background: Prior studies demonstrate a higher incidence of arterial access related complications among patients undergoing invasive cardiac procedures.MethodsFirst year cardiology fellows at four teaching hospitals in Michigan tracked their femoral access experience and any associated complications between July 2011 and June 2013. Fellows starting their academic training in July 2012 were first trained on a specially developed simulator before starting their rotation in the catheterization laboratory. The primary outcome was access proficiency, defined as five successful femoral access attempts without any complication or need to seek help from a more experienced team member.ResultsA total of 1,278 femoral access attempts were made by 21 fellows in 2011–2012 compared with 869 femoral access attempts made by 21 fellows in 2012–2013. There was a lower rate of access related complications in patients undergoing access attempts by first year fellows in year 2 compared with year 1 (2.1% versus 4.5%, P = 0.003) . The number of procedures to achieve procedural proficiency was significantly higher in year 1 compared with year 2 (median 20 versus 10, P = 0.007).ConclusionsIncorporation of simulation in the training of first year fellows was associated with an improvement in proficiency and a clinically meaningful reduction in vascular complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance by Modifying the Surface of Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Cao Longsheng , Zhang Geng , Jiang Shangfeng , Tang Xuejun , Qin Xiaoping , Guo Xiaoqian , Shao Zhigang , Yi Baolian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe depressing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance has impeded the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. As a surface‐sensitive reaction, the surface structure of the electrocatalyst has a crucial impact on the ORR. Herein, Pt nanoparticle surfaces were modified with the aid of Ag, which was deposited on the surface of Pt nanoparticles and was etched away through cyclic voltammetry (CV). After surface modification, the step density of the Pt nanoparticles was observed to decrease, according to high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images, which could contribute to the positive shift of the Pt 4f binding energy and the improved ability to prevent Pt from being oxidized, as seem by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the peak potential increase for the surface metal‐oxide reduction during CV was consistent with the impact of the step density reduction. After surface modification, the Pt nanoparticles showed improved ORR performance, according to half‐cell tests. At the atomic scale, the decrease in the number of low‐coordination atoms on the surface steps, which exhibit stronger interactions with Oads/OHads compared with atoms on terraces, could lead to the enhanced ORR performance.
Gold‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Alkynyl Heterocycles through 1,2‐Migration of an Endocyclic Carbon–Heteroatom Bond
Authors: Chen Ming , Sun Ning , Xu Wei , Zhao Jidong , Wang Gaonan , Liu Yuanhong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA mild and efficient gold‐catalyzed oxidative ring‐expansion of a series of alkynyl heterocycles using pyridine‐N‐oxide as the oxidant has been developed, which affords highly valuable six‐ or seven‐membered heterocycles with wide functional group toleration. The reaction consists of a regioselective oxidation and a chemoselective migration of an endocyclic carbon–heteroatom bond (favored over CH migration) with the order of migratory aptitude for carbon–heteroatom bonds being CS>CN>CO. In the absence of an oxidant, polycyclic products are readily constructed through a ring‐expansion/Nazarov cyclization reaction sequence.