bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preexisting Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction after Hip Joint Replacement Surgery
Authors: Silbert Brendan , Evered Lisbeth , Scott David A. , McMahon Stephen , Choong Peter , Ames David , Maruff Paul , Jamrozik Konrad 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAbstract
Preexisting cognitive dysfunction was identified in approximately a third of the patients before surgery. Preexisting cognitive dysfunction is a good predictor of cognitive dysfunction 1 yr after surgery. However, there is no evidence that anesthesia and surgery per se contribute to cognitive dysfunction 1 yr after surgery.

Background:
This study investigated the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly noncardiac surgery patients and any association between preoperative cognitive impairment and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Additionally, the incidence of cognitive decline at 12 months after surgery was identified.

Methods:
Three hundred patients for hip joint replacement and 51 nonsurgical controls aged 60 yr or older were studied in a prospective observational clinical trial. All study participants and controls completed a battery of eight neuropsychological tests before surgery and at 7 days, 3 months, and 12 months afterwards. Preoperative cognitive status was assessed using preexisting cognitive impairment (PreCI) defined as a decline of at least 2 SD on two or more of seven neuropsychological tests compared to population norms. POCD and cognitive decline were assessed using the reliable change index utilizing the results of the control group.

Results:
PreCI was classified in 96 of 300 (32%) patients (95% CI, 23 to 43%). After surgery, 49 of 286 (17%) patients (95% CI, 13 to 22%) and 27 of 284 (10%) patients (95% CI, 6 to 13%) demonstrated POCD at 7 days and 3 months, respectively, while 7 of 271 (3%) patients (95% CI, 1 to 4%) demonstrated cognitive decline at 12 months. Patients with PreCI had a significantly increased incidence of POCD at 7 days and 3 months and cognitive decline at 12 months.

Conclusions:
Patients with PreCI have an increased incidence of POCD and cognitive decline. PreCI is a good predictor of subsequent POCD and cognitive decline. The incidence of cognitive decline after 12 months in this group of patients is low.
Acetaminophen Adducts Detected in Serum of Pediatric Patients With Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Alonso Estella M. , James Laura P. , Zhang Song , Squires Robert H. ,   Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectives:Previous studies in patients with acute liver failure identified acetaminophen (APAP) protein adducts in the serum of 12% and 19% of children and adults, respectively, with acute liver failure of indeterminate etiology. This article details the testing of APAP adducts in a subset (n = 393) of patients with varied diagnoses in the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group (PALFSG).Methods:Serum samples were available from 393 participants included in the PALFSG registry. Adduct measurement was performed using validated methods. Participants were grouped by diagnostic category as known APAP overdose, known other diagnosis, and indeterminate etiology. Demographic and clinical characteristics and participant outcomes were compared by adduct status (positive or negative) within each group.Results:APAP adduct testing was positive in 86% of participants with known APAP overdose, 6% with other known diagnoses, and 11% with an indeterminate cause of liver failure. Adduct‐positive participants were noted to have marked elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase coupled with total serum bilirubin that was significantly lower than adduct‐negative patients. In the indeterminate group, adduct‐positive patients had different outcomes than adduct‐negative patients (P = 0.03); spontaneous survival was 16 of 21 (76%) in adduct‐positive patients versus 75 of 169 (44%) in adduct‐negative patients. Prognosis did not vary by adduct status in patients with known diagnoses.Conclusions:Furthermore, study is needed to understand the relation of APAP exposure, as determined by the presence of APAP adducts, to the clinical phenotype and outcomes of children with acute liver failure.
Multiple new species ofOphiocordycepsfungus on ants
Authors: Araújo João P. M. , Hughes David P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn tropical forests, one of the most common relationships between parasites and insects is that between the fungusOphiocordyceps(Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and ants, especially within the tribe Camponotini. These fungi have the ability to penetrate the exoskeleton of the ant and to manipulate the behavior of the host, making it leave the nest and ascend understorey shrubs, to die biting onto the vegetation: hence, the term zombie-ant fungi to describe this behavioral changes on the host. It is posited that this behavioral change aids spore dispersal and thus increases the chances of infection. Despite their undoubted importance for ecosystem functioning, these fungal pathogens are still poorly documented, especially regarding their diversity, ecology and evolutionary relationships. Here, we describe multiple new and host-specific species of the genusOphiocordycepsonCamponotusandPolyrhachisants from the central Amazonian region of Brazil, USA, Australia and Japan, which can readily be separated using classic taxonomic criteria, in particular ascospore morphology.
In vivo characterization of the connectivity and subcomponents of the human globus pallidus
Authors: Beukema Patrick , Yeh Fang-Cheng , Verstynen Timothy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractProjections from the substantia nigra and striatum traverse through the pallidum on the way to their targets. To date, in vivo characterization of these pathways remains elusive. Here we used high angular resolution diffusion imaging (N=138) to study the characteristics and structural subcompartments of the human pallidum. Our results show that the diffusion orientation distribution at the pallidum is asymmetrically oriented in a dorsolateral direction, consistent with the orientation of underlying fiber systems. Furthermore, compared to the outer pallidal segment, the internal segment has more peaks in the orientation distribution function and stronger anisotropy in the primary fiber direction, consistent with known cellular differences between the underlying nuclei. These differences in orientation, complexity, and degree of anisotropy are sufficiently robust to automatically segment the pallidal nuclei using diffusion properties. Thus the gray matter diffusion signal can be useful as an in vivo measure of the collective nigrostriatal and striatonigral pathways.
Choosing subsamples for sequencing studies by minimizing the average distance to the closest leaf
Authors: Kang Jonathan T. L. , Zhang Peng , Zöllner Sebastian , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTImputation of genotypes in a study sample can make use of sequenced or densely genotyped external reference panels consisting of individuals that are not from the study sample. It can also employ internal reference panels, incorporating a subset of individuals from the study sample itself. Internal panels offer an advantage over external panels, as they can reduce imputation errors arising from genetic dissimilarity between a population of interest and a second, distinct population from which the external reference panel has been constructed. As the cost of next-generation sequencing decreases, internal reference panel selection is becoming increasingly feasible. However, it is not clear how best to select individuals to include in such panels. We introduce a new method for selecting an internal reference panel—minimizing the average distance to the closest leaf (ADCL)—and compare its performance relative to an earlier algorithm: maximizing phylogenetic diversity (PD). Employing both simulated data and sequences from the 1000 Genomes Project, we show that ADCL provides a significant improvement in imputation accuracy, especially for imputation of sites with low-frequency alleles. This improvement in imputation accuracy is robust to changes in reference panel size, marker density, and length of the imputation target region.
National early warning score (NEWS) – evaluation in surgery
Authors: Neary Peter M , Regan Mark , Joyce Myles J , McAnena Oliver J , Callanan Ian 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate staff opinion on the impact of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) system on surgical wards. In 2012, the NEWS system was introduced to Irish hospitals on a phased basis as part of a national clinical programme in acute care.

Design/methodology/approach
– A modified established questionnaire was given to surgical nursing staff, surgical registrars, surgical senior house officers and surgical interns for completion six months following the introduction of the NEWS system into an Irish university hospital.

Findings
– Amongst the registrars, 89 per cent were unsure if the NEWS system would improve patient care. Less than half of staff felt consultants and surgical registrars supported the NEWS system. Staff felt the NEWS did not correlate well clinically with patients within the first 24 hours (Day zero) post-operatively. Furthermore, 78-85 per cent of nurses and registrars felt a rapid response team should be part of the escalation protocol.

Research limitations/implications
– Senior medical staff were not convinced that the NEWS system may improve patient care. Appropriate audit proving a beneficial impact of the NEWS system on patient outcome may be essential in gaining support from senior doctors. Deficiencies with the system were also observed including the absence of a rapid response team as part of the escalation protocol and a lack of concordance of the NEWS in patients Day zero post-operatively. These issues should be addressed moving forward.

Originality/value
– Appropriate audit of the impact of the NEWS system on patient outcome may be pertinent to obtain the support from senior doctors. Deficiencies with the system were also observed including the absence of a rapid response team as part of the escalation protocol and a lack of concordance of the NEWS in patients Day zero post-operatively. These issues should be addressed moving forward.
Can patients detect hazardous dental practice? A patient complaint study
Authors: Hiivala Nora , Mussalo-Rauhamaa Helena , Murtomaa Heikki 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to: determine the prevalence and distribution of patient/family-generated, dentistry-related complaints to Regional State Administrative Agencies (AVIs) and the National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health (Valvira) in Finland from 2000 to 2011, study patient/family safety incident experiences and other reasons for complaints, assess complaint validity and evaluate factors associated with disciplinary processes against dentists.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data included closed cases handled by AVIs and Valvira (2000-2011) against dental practitioners or dental practice units (n=782). The authors analysed the complaints distribution and examined the antecedent factors and circumstances.

Findings
– This study demonstrated that patients/families can detect many dental treatment hazards, substandard processes and even serious safety risks rather well. The investigation processes revealed some physical harm or potential patient safety (PS) risks in more than half the alleged cases. Many complaints accumulated against certain individuals and statistically significant positive correlations were found between some patient/family complaints, dentist-specific variables and disciplinary actions.

Practical implications
– Patient/family-generated complaints must be taken seriously and seen as relatively good safety risk indicators. However, more knowledge on how patients might cooperate with dental care providers to prevent errors is needed.

Originality/value
– This work provides a unique opportunity to learn from several dentistry-related patient complaints. Despite some limitations, patient complaints appear to be useful as a complementary source together with other PS study methods.
Perceived service quality’s effect on patient satisfaction and behavioural compliance
Authors: Mohamed Bahari , Azizan Noor Azlinna 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to advance healthcare service quality research using hierarchical component models.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study used a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design as a survey method, combining cluster and convenience sampling and partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to validate the research model and test the hypotheses.

Findings
– The study extends health service quality literature by showing that: patient satisfaction (PS) is dominant, significant and indirect determinant of behavioural compliance (BC); perceived service quality has the strongest effect on BC via PS.

Research limitations/implications
– Only one hospital was evaluated.

Practical implications
– The study provides managers with a service quality model for conducting integrated service delivery systems analysis and design.

Originality/value
– Overall, the study makes a significant contribution to healthcare organizations, better health outcomes for patients and better quality of life for the community.
Dynamic capabilities as patterns of organizational change
Authors: Sune Albert , Gibb Jenny 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– In this paper the authors explore the managerial processes involved in deep, purposeful organizational change. The authors investigate change towards a goal-directed end state and the managerial actions involved in reaching it. The purpose of this paper is to identify patterns of organizational change by analysing how variations occurred in a firm’s resources and capabilities at a time of high internal and external uncertainty.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a longitudinal in-depth case study on the airline Spanair. The authors analyse the change process this airline engaged in between 2007 and 2012, which was considered the most turbulent period in aviation history. The authors followed the grounded theory approach to induce a strategic capability pattern model from secondary data.Findings– The authors identify a capability pattern with four dynamic capabilities: adding, transferring, integrating and shedding; and two higher-order capabilities: goal development and change orchestration. The authors show how the higher-order capability processes are performed by two levels of decision makers, where one creates a goal-directed path, and the other performs a central role in orchestrating change.Originality/value– Using the teleological approach the authors identify how top management orchestrate change arising from the dynamic capability process outcomes in a top-down and bottom-up manner. As such the authors show how the role of management becomes fundamental in adjusting the capabilities required to meet the goals set, particularly in times of heightened internal and external environmental turbulence. The authors also emphasize the importance of providing bottom-up advice to goal directors.
Causes of stress before, during and after organizational change: a qualitative study
Authors: Smollan Roy K 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Since prior empirical research has seldom compared causes of stress before, during and after organizational change the purpose of this paper is to identify stressors as change unfolded over time and to identify what led to variations in stress levels.Design/methodology/approach– Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2012 with 31 staff in clinical and non-clinical positions in a New Zealand public health organization that had experienced considerable change.Findings– For most respondents the transition phase was the most stressful as it created job insecurity and was handled with insufficient information, consultation and support. For the balance stress increased after the change, which created additional demands that usually needed to be met with fewer resources. The stress of others emerged as a new category of stressor during the transition stage.Research limitations/implications– Memories fade and the lines between stages of change are often blurred with one change sometimes occurring simultaneously with another or following it. Further studies could explore stressors at different points in time, in different national contexts and in private and public organizations.Practical implications– Leaders of public sector organizations need to be mindful of the deleterious effects of stress from organizational change and create cultures, strategies and practices that mitigate the stress.Originality/value– This is apparently the first qualitative study that traces the causes of stress as organizational change moves through various phases.
Held back and pushed forward: leading change in a complex public sector environment
Authors: van der Voet Joris , Kuipers Ben , Groeneveld Sandra 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– Public organizations often need to implement organizational change. Several authors have argued that the specific characteristics of public organizations make the implementation of organizational change in public organizations distinct or even more difficult. However, this issue has received little empirical investigation in both public management and change management research. Public organizations typically operate in an environment characterized by checks and balances, shared power, divergent interests and the political primate. The purpose of this paper is to advance knowledge about how the implementation of change and its leadership is affected by the complex environment in which public organizations operate.Design/methodology/approach– A case study approach is adopted. A merger of three government departments in a Dutch city is selected as a case. This merger took place in an environment that became increasingly complex as the implementation process advanced. The main method of data collection was interviewing the managers that were involved in the organizational change. In all, 23 interviews were conducted and fully transcribed. The interviews were then coded using Atlas.ti software.Findings– The analysis indicates that a high degree of environmental complexity forces public organizations to adopt a planned, top-down approach to change, while the effectiveness of such an approach to change is simultaneously limited by a complex environment. In addition, typical change leadership activities, such as defining the need for change, role modeling and motivating employees to implement the change, are not sufficient to implement change in a complex environment. In order to overcome environmental dependencies and maintain momentum in the change process, public managers must engage in more externally oriented leadership activities.Originality/value– The paper provides empirical evidence about the relevant and rapidly growing research topic of organizational change in public organizations. The paper concludes with hypotheses that can be tested in follow-up research, and as such provides a starting point for future research concerning change management in public organizations.
Industry professionalisation of strata title managers: what are the implications for governance?
Authors: Altmann Erika 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the rise of strata manager as a newly emergent profession and note their impact on the governance within medium and high density, strata titled housing such as flats, apartments, town-houses and CIDs.Design/methodology/approach– This research presents finding from a small scale, qualitative research project focused on the interaction between the owner committee of management and strata managers.Findings– The introduction mandatory certification is championed by industry bodies. The strata managers considered they already demonstrated valuable attributes desired by committees of management. These differed to the attributes targeted by the new training regime, and the attributes valued by the committees of management.Research limitations/implications– This is a small scale pilot study. A larger study will need to be undertaken to confirm these results.Practical implications– There is a disjunct between the training and what strata managers consider relevant to undertaking their duties. This has significance for the ongoing governance of these properties and industry professionalisation. The resilience of Australia’s densification policies will depend on how learning will translate into better governance outcomes for owners.Social implications– One in three people within Australia’s eastern states lives or owns property within strata titled complex (apartments, flats and townhouse developments). The increasing number of strata managers and professionalisation within their industry has the ability to impact an increasing number of people.Originality/value– The impact of this new profession, and their requirements in terms of expertise has not been fully considered within existing academic literature.
Protective effects of quercetin against chronic mixed reflux esophagitis in rats by inhibiting the nuclear factor‐κB p65 and interleukin‐8 signaling pathways
Authors: Wu Ping , Zhou Lu , Li Ying Jie , Luo Bin , Yi Li Sha , Chen Sheng Fang , Sun Hui Hui , Chen Ying , Cao Zhi Jun , Xu Shu Chang 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of quercetin on chronic mixed reflux esophagitis (RE) in rats by inhibiting the nuclear factor‐κB p65 (NF‐κBp65) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) signaling pathways.MethodsForty‐eight healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, with 8 rats in each group: the normal intact group, the sham operation group, the RE control group, the RE group treated with omeprazole or 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg quercetin. The animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks of different interventions. The pathological characteristics of esophageal mucosa were observed according to the diagnostic criteria and the expressions of NF‐κBp65 and IL‐8 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsCompared with the RE control group, esophageal mucosal injury was improved and the expressions of NF‐κBp65 and IL‐8 were significantly decreased in the RE group treated with omeprazole or quercetin (P < 0.05). Compared with the omeprazole group, the gross and microscopic scores of esophageal mucosal injury and the expressions of NF‐κBp65 and IL‐8 in the 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg quercetin groups were not increased (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the RE groups treated with 100 mg/kg quercetin and 200 mg/kg quercetin.ConclusionQuercetin can prevent esophageal mucosal injury in RE rats by suppressing the NF‐κBp65 and IL‐ 8 signaling pathways.