bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Care for Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes as a Function of Hospital Revascularization Capability: Insights From Get With The Guidelines‐CAD
Authors: Thukkani Arun K. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Cannon Christopher P. , Cox Margueritte , Hernandez Adrian F. , Peterson Eric D. , Peacock W. Frank , Laskey Warren K. , Schwamm Lee H. , Bhatt Deepak L. ,   for the Get With the Guidelines Steering Committee and Investigators
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundRevascularization availability at US hospitals varies and may impact care quality for acute coronary syndrome patients.HypothesisThe hypothesis of this study was that there would be differences in care quality at Get With The Guidelines–Coronary Artery Disease (GWTG‐CAD) hospitals based on revascularization capability.MethodsFor acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to GWTG‐CAD hospitals between 2000 and 2010, care quality at hospitals with or without revascularization capability was examined by assessing conformity with performance and quality measures.ResultsThis study included 95 999 acute coronary syndrome patients admitted to 310 GWTG‐CAD hospitals. There were 89 000 patients admitted to 226 revascularization‐capable hospitals and 6999 patients admitted to 84 hospitals without revascularization capability included. Adjusted multivariate analysis demonstrated that 8 of the 19 measures were more frequently performed in the revascularization cohort: aspirin (odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04‐1.92), clopidogrel (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.78‐3.00), lipid‐lowering therapies at discharge (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.87), lipid‐lowering therapies for low‐density lipoprotein >100 mg/dL (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.23‐2.77), achievement of blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.40), LDL recorded (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.05‐2.06), and recommendations offered for physical activity (OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 2.23‐6.55) or weight management (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.12‐2.69).ConclusionsThe GWTG‐CAD revascularization hospitals were associated with better performance in some, but not all, measures assessed. Although the difference in conformity between hospital types was modest for performance measures but more variable for quality measures, room for improvement exists in key aspects of care.
Foxp2 regulates neuronal differentiation and neuronal subtype specification
Authors: Chiu Yi‐Chi , Li Ming‐Yang , Liu Yuan‐Hsuan , Ding Jing‐Ya , Yu Jenn‐Yah , Wang Tsu‐Wei 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMutations of the transcription factor FOXP2 in humans cause a severe speech and language disorder. Disruption of Foxp2 in songbirds or mice also leads to deficits in song learning or ultrasonic vocalization, respectively. These data suggest that Foxp2 plays important roles in the developing nervous system. However, the mechanism of Foxp2 in regulating neural development remains elusive. In the current study, we found that Foxp2 increased neuronal differentiation without affecting cell proliferation and cell survival in primary neural progenitors from embryonic forebrains. Foxp2 induced the expression of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α, which mediated the neurognic effect of Foxp2. In addition, Foxp2 positively regulated the differentiation of medium spiny neurons derived from the lateral ganglionic eminence and negatively regulated the formation of interneurons derived from dorsal medial ganglionic eminence by interacting with the Sonic hedgehog pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that Foxp2 regulates multiple aspects of neuronal development in the embryonic forebrain. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 723–738, 2014
The effects of locus number, genetic divergence, and genotyping error on the utility of dominant markers for hybrid identification
Authors: Sovic Michael G. , Kubatko Laura S. , Fuerst Paul A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn surveys of hybrid zones, dominant genetic markers are often used to identify individuals of hybrid origin and assign these individuals to one of several potential hybrid classes. Quantitative analyses that address the statistical power of dominant markers in such inference are scarce. In this study, dominant genotype data were simulated to evaluate the effects of, first, the number of loci analyzed, second, the magnitude of differentiation between the markers scored in the groups that are hybridizing, and third, the level of genotyping error associated with the data when assigning individuals to various parental and hybrid categories. The overall performance of the assignment methods was relatively modest at the lowest level of divergence examined (Fst ~ 0.4), but improved substantially at higher levels of differentiation (Fst ~ 0.67 or 0.8). The effect of genotyping error was dependent on the level of divergence between parental taxa, with larger divergences tempering the effects of genotyping error. These results highlight the importance of considering the effects of each of the variables when assigning individuals to various parental and hybrid categories, and can help guide decisions regarding the number of loci employed in future hybridization studies to achieve the power and level of resolution desired.
Volatile compounds generated in corn oil stored at room temperature. Presence of toxic compounds
Authors: Goicoechea Encarnación , Guillén María D. 
Published: January 2014

Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) followed by GC/MS was employed to study the headspace composition of corn oil (maize oil) samples stored at room temperature in closed receptacles with limited amounts of air for different periods of time. Samples with a high oxidation level showed the presence of typical secondary volatile oxidation compounds such as alkanals, 2‐alkenals, 2,4‐alkadienals, acids, alcohols, ketones, alkylfurans, and lactones. Aldehydes were the most numerous group; however, acids, which were fewer in number, showed the highest abundances. The high number of lactones detected is also noteworthy. In agreement with corn oil composition, those volatiles derived from linoleic acyl groups appeared in the highest abundances. The detection of two groups of toxic compounds, whose rise in concentration corresponded with the oxidation level of the samples, was remarkable. There were, on the one hand, alkylbenzenes and mono‐ and poly‐cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of low molecular weight, such as toluene, naphthalene, and fluorene. On the other hand, there were oxygenated α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes like 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, 4‐oxo‐2‐nonenal, and 4,5‐epoxy‐2‐decenal brought about by the oxidation of omega‐6 polyunsaturated acyl groups (linoleic), and, in much lower proportions, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐hexenal and 4,5‐epoxy‐2‐heptenal coming from omega‐3 ones (linolenic).Practical applications: The identification and quantification of such a great number of volatile compounds coming from corn oil can be very helpful for other researchers who study the degradation of this vegetable oil or other kinds with similar proportions of acyl groups.
Joint routing, channel allocation and power control for real‐life wireless sensor networks
Authors: Barceló M. , Correa A. , Vicario J.L. , Morell A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe energy consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a critical issue, because replacement of their batteries can be difficult or even impossible. It is well known that the radio is the most energy demanding part of the node. Therefore, efficient communications are imperative to increase the network lifetime. However, many issues arise in practical WSNs implementations because of the uncertainty and dynamics of the environment and the complexity constraints of the nodes. Routing protocol for low‐power and lossy networks (RPL) is one of the most widely implemented routing strategies because it deals with many of these practical issues. Unfortunately, this protocol does not adapt the nodes' transmission power nor the nodes' transmission channel. Nowadays, commercial motes have multi‐power and multi‐channel capabilities, and these can be used to reduce the network consumption and avoid the high collision probability that may arise in convergecast networks. In this paper, we enhance RPL to obtain a joint routing, transmission power control and channel allocation solution for real‐life WSNs. Two different strategies (minimum aggregated power and maximum probability delivery ratio) are designed and implemented in a WSN testbed with commercial motes. They are compared with the original RPL and also with other standard routing protocols, such as the routing strategy adopted in ZigBee. The experimental results show that the network performance is improved both in terms of reliability and energy consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resource allocation for outage probability minimisation in cognitive radio multicast networks
Authors: Xu Ding , Li Qun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a downlink secondary cognitive radio multicast network that consists of a cognitive base station and a set of secondary multicast groups sharing spectrum with a primary network. To protect the transmissions of the primary network, an interference power constraint is applied to restrict the transmit power of the cognitive base station. The problem of joint channel and power allocation for the cognitive radio multicast network is studied. The objective is to minimise the weighted aggregate outage probability for a given target rate for the cognitive radio multicast network. Specifically, two types of outage probabilities, namely, group outage probability and individual outage probability, are considered. For each type of outage probability, the optimal joint channel and power allocation algorithm is proposed based on Lagrange dual optimisation. Simulation results are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. It is shown that the proposed algorithms significantly improve the performance of the cognitive radio multicast network in terms of outage probability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey on cooperative strategies for wireless relay channels
Authors: Dai Mingjun , Wang Peng , Zhang Shengli , Chen Bin , Wang Hui , Lin Xiaohui , Sun Cong 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTCooperative communication has the potential of providing better throughput and reliability to wireless systems when compared with direct communication. To realise the potential gain, it is important to design cooperative strategies for some representative scenarios. This survey deals with three basic wireless relay channels, namely, the parallel relay channel, the multiple‐access relay channel and the broadcast relay channel. For the first channel, which models a single unicast connection, various forwarding strategies are studied. For the second and third channels, which model, respectively, the uplink and downlink scenarios with multiple unicast connections; network codes that exploit the possibility of coding among the connections are studied. The common aim pertaining to the studies of all these three channels is to use the limited radio resource in the most efficient way. Beside the aforementioned conventional works, studies that have state‐of‐the‐art assumptions for relay networks, including outdated channel state information at the transmitter, full duplex relay and practical rateless‐coded cooperation, are also extensively reviewed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the hydrology of the IBIS land surface model in a semi‐arid catchment
Authors: Chen Min , Willgoose Garry R. , Saco Patricia M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper evaluates the Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) land surface model using daily soil moisture data over a 3‐year period (2005–2007) at a semi‐arid site in southeastern Australia, the Stanley catchment, using the Monte Carlo generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) approach. The model was satisfactorily calibrated for both the surface 30 cm and full profile 90 cm. However, full‐profile calibration was not as good as that for the surface, which results from some deficiencies in the evapotranspiration component in IBIS. Relatively small differences in simulated soil moisture were associated with large discrepancies in the predictions of surface runoff, drainage and evapotranspiration. We conclude that while land surface schemes may be effective at simulating heat fluxes, they may be ineffective for prediction of hydrology unless the soil moisture is accurately estimated. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the soil moisture simulations were most sensitive to soil parameters, and the wilting point was the most identifiable parameter. Significant interactions existed between three soils parameters: porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and Campbell ‘b’ exponent, so they could not be identified independent of each other. There were no significant differences in parameter sensitivity and interaction for different hydroclimatic years. Even though the data record contained a very dry year and another year with a very large rainfall event, this indicated that the soil model could be calibrated without the data needing to explore the extreme range of dry and wet conditions. IBIS was much less sensitive to vegetation parameters. The leaf area index (LAI) could affect the mean of daily soil moisture time series when LAI < 1, while the variance of the soil moisture time series was sensitive to LAI > 1. IBIS was insensitive to the Jackson rooting parameter, suggesting that the effect of the rooting depth distribution on predictions of hydrology was insignificant. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FROM INSTITUTIONAL CARE TO FAMILY SUPPORT: DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFECTIVE EARLY INTERVENTION NETWORK IN THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, TO SUPPORT FAMILY CARE FOR CHILDREN AT RISK FOR INSTITUTIONALIZATION
Authors: Johnson Dana E. , Dovbnya Svyatoslav V. , Morozova Tatiana U. , Richards Melinda A. , Bogdanova Julia G. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDespite efforts of the government to reform child protection, Russia continues to rely on institutional care due to the lack of support services for families in crisis, children with disabilities, and foster and adoptive parents.The project goal was to establish a replicable professional model that would direct the child welfare system in the Nizhny Novgorod Region away from institutional care and toward services for young children and their families that reduce the risk of institutionalization. The program was carried out over a 3‐year period through a public–private partnership, which included the Ministries of Social Policy and Health of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, Firefly, and KPMG with partial funding by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Participation of professionals was excellent, attitudinal changes were extensive, and there were significant improvements in the understanding and utilization of early intervention concepts. The number of visits to program sites increased from essentially none to almost 1,000/month during the course of the project. Difficulties employing standardized child‐based measures of success and developing ministry data‐collection systems were encountered. Changes within the child welfare system in Russia are possible, but require a knowledgeable and adequately funded and supported program within regions receptive to change.
Percentage of pain intensity difference on an 11‐point numerical rating scale underestimates acute pain resolution
Authors: Chauny J.‐M. , Paquet J. , Lavigne G. , Daoust R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundA 50% reduction in pain intensity difference (50%PID) between baseline and follow‐up evaluation is commonly accepted as adequate pain relief in emergency departments (EDs). However, 50%PID seems to be problematic with the 11‐point numerical rating scale (NRS) since even baseline values are more divisible by 2 (50% reduction) than odd baseline values. This study evaluated the impact of this bias and integrated time between baseline and follow‐up measurements, hypothesizing that the slope of relative pain intensity difference (SRPID) is a more accurate gauge of pain relief that can decrease bias and incorporate the time component of pain relief.MethodsA post‐hoc analysis of real‐time data on an adult population from an urban ED identified 3199 consecutive patients who received an analgesic, had baseline NRS > 3 and a follow‐up NRS within 2 h. Primary outcome was the percentage of patients with pain relieved from the 50%PID and the 50%SRPID criteria.ResultsResults showed that with 50%PID, even pain intensity levels on baseline NRS comprised a higher percentage of patients [60.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 58.8–63.0] with pain relief compared to odd pain intensity levels (51.7%; 95% CI: 48.8–54.6; p < 0.001), underestimating pain‐relieved patients by 9% [95% CI: 0.05–0.13; effect size (ES) = 0.09]. The percentage of pain‐relieved subjects with the 50%SRPID criteria was not affected by baseline NRS values (59.7% for whole sample; 95% CI: 58.0–61.4; ES = 0.02).ConclusionsThe 50%PID method with an 11‐point NRS for assessing adequate pain relief is significantly biased for specific baseline pain intensity level. In the particular context of ED acute pain, the SRPID seems less biased.
Treatment of acute abdominal pain in the emergency room: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Falch C. , Vicente D. , Häberle H. , Kirschniak A. , Müller S. , Nissan A. , Brücher B.L.D.M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAppropriate pain therapy prior to diagnosis in patients with acute abdominal pain remains controversial. Several recent studies have demonstrated that pain therapy does not negatively influence either the diagnosis or subsequent treatment of these patients; however, current practice patterns continue to favour withholding pain medication prior to diagnosis and surgical treatment decision. A systematic review of PubMed, Web‐of‐Science and The‐Cochrane‐Library from 1929 to 2011 was carried out using the key words of ‘acute’, ‘abdomen’, ‘pain’, ‘emergency’ as well as different pain drugs in use, revealed 84 papers. The results of the literature review were incorporated into six sections to describe management of acute abdominal pain: (1) Physiology of Pain; (2) Common Aetiologies of Abdominal Pain; (3) Pre‐diagnostic Analgesia; (4) Pain Therapy for Acute Abdominal Pain; (5) Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain in Special Patient Populations; and (6) Ethical and Medico‐legal Considerations in Current Analgesia Practices. A comprehensive algorithm for analgesia for acute abdominal pain in the general adult population was developed. A review of the literature of common aetiologies and management of acute abdominal pain in the general adult population and special patient populations seen in the emergency room revealed that intravenous administration of paracetamol, dipyrone or piritramide are currently the analgesics of choice in this clinical setting. Combinations of non‐opioids and opioids should be administered in patients with moderate, severe or extreme pain, adjusting the treatment on the basis of repeated pain assessment, which improves overall pain management.
Bone responses to zirconia implants with a thin carbonate‐containing hydroxyapatite coating using a molecular precursor method
Authors: Hirota Masatsugu , Hayakawa Tohru , Ohkubo Chikahiro , Sato Mitsunobu , Hara Hiroki , Toyama Takeshi , Tanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThin carbonate‐containing hydroxyapatite (CA) films coating partially stabilized zirconia (Y‐TZP) were prepared (CA‐Y‐TZP) to establish a metal‐free implant system. CA was coated using a molecular precursor method. The CA film was deposited on the surface of Y‐TZP using a precursor solution, which was a mixture of a calcium–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complex and phosphate compounds. The deposited CA film was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurements. A focus ion beam system technique revealed that the thickness of the CA film was less than 1.0 µm. Biological evaluations of CA‐Y‐TZP were performed by immersion experiments in simulated body fluid (SBF) and implantation experiments in the tibiae and femoral condyles of rabbits. In the SBF immersion experiment, apatite deposition progressed more on CA‐Y‐TZP at the early stage of immersion than on Y‐TZP without the CA coating. Animal experiments revealed that bone formation on CA‐Y‐TZP was similar with than on Y‐TZP. Histomorphometrical evaluations showed a significantly higher bone‐to‐implant contact ratio and bone mass on CA‐Y‐TZP after implantation into the femoral trabecular bone of rabbits. Therefore, CA‐Y‐TZP appears to be applicable as a metal‐free implant. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1277–1288, 2014.
Ultrasonographic features of renal oncocytoma with histopathologic correlation
Authors: Lou Li , Teng Jianbo , Lin Xiaoyan , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo analyze the sonographic (US) features of renal oncocytoma and correlate them with histopathologic findings.MethodsThe medical records of 12 patients with a histologic diagnosis of renal oncocytomas were reviewed. The location, size, shape, margin, echogenicity, homogeneity, and blood flow distribution of the lesions were analyzed, and the US features were compared with histopathologic findings.ResultsOncocytomas appeared as solid, solitary, well‐marginated, unencapsulated, fairly homogeneous renal cortical masses (n = 10), with regular shape, relatively isoechoic (n = 5) or slightly hyperechoic (n = 7) to the adjacent renal parenchyma, and an exophytic growth pattern was exhibited in most cases (n = 9). Two larger masses (≥9 cm) demonstrated a central stellate scar and a characteristic of spoke‐wheel vascular pattern. The tumors with a low percentage of stroma (<20%) were associated with an echotexture isoechoic to renal parenchyma, whereas oncocytomas with a higher percentage of stroma (>20%) were slightly hyperechoic.ConclusionsAlthough the US features are not pathognomonic, their presence should alert to the possible diagnosis of renal oncocytoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:129–133, 2014