bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children reporting rescuing other children drowning in rural Bangladesh: a descriptive study
Authors: Mecrow Tom Stefan , Rahman Aminur , Linnan Michael , Scarr Justin , Mashreky Saidur Rahman , Talab Abu , Rahman A K M Fazlur 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundSwimSafe, a basic swimming and safer rescue curriculum, has been taught to large numbers of Bangladeshi children since 2006. This study examines the frequency and characteristics of rescues reported by children who graduated from SwimSafe and compares them with age-matched and sex-matched children who did not participate in SwimSafe.MethodsInterviews were conducted during the swimming season in Raiganj, Bangladesh. Data were collected from 3890 SwimSafe graduates aged 6–14. Two age-matched and sex-matched controls were selected; one who had learned to swim naturally, the other who had not learned to swim.Results188 rescues were reported by the three groups. The 12–14-year age groups reported the highest monthly rate of rescues (SwimSafe 10.5/100 000 (95% CI 3.4 to 24.5), natural swimmers 8.5/100 000 (95% CI 2.2 to 21.2)) and annual rate of rescue reported (SwimSafe 25.4/100 000 (95% CI 13.2 to 43.9), natural swimmers 35.4/100 000 (20.8 to 56.2)). Reported rescue numbers among both swimming groups was similar. Mean victim age was 4.1 years and 92.5% were under 7 years. All victims were younger than their rescuer (mean 5.9 years less). Most rescues (73.7%) took place in ponds or ditches with most (86.6%) within 10 m of the bank. Most victims had entered the water to bathe (53.8%). A large majority of reported rescues (90.9%) were conducted with the rescuer in the water, half requiring the rescuer to swim.ConclusionsChildren report frequent drowning rescues of younger children in rural Bangladesh. Most reported are contact rescues with the rescuer in the water. Formal training for in-water rescue techniques may be needed to reduce the risk to the child rescuer.
Significance of oestrogen-related receptor γ on biliary epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Harada Kenichi , Yuko Kakuda , Sato Yasunori , Ikeda Hiroko , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: April 2014

AimsOestrogen has been speculated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which mainly affects middle-aged and old-aged females because biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are known to express oestrogen receptors (ERs). Oestrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are constitutively active without oestrogen and competitively inhibit the ER-dependent effects of oestrogen. We clarified the effects of oestrogen and the significance of ERRs along with their association with the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy in PBC.MethodsWe investigated the expression of ERs and ERRs and the apoptosis-related cell kinetics in BECs using cultured human BECs and human liver specimens.ResultsAlthough cultured human BECs and the interlobular bile ducts in the liver expressed ERβ, in cultured BECs, oestrogen treatment did not induce significant cell proliferation but increased the expression of a negative cell proliferation regulator (14-3-3σ protein). The cultured BECs constantly expressed ERRα and ERRγ, and oestrogen downregulated the ERRγ expression. Furthermore, the ERRγ expression was determined in the intrahepatic bile ducts and was stronger in the middle-aged and old-aged females, particularly those with PBC, than in the younger females. The ERRγ ligand activated a transcription factor, SP1, and enhanced the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules and Bcl-2 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in cultured BECs.ConclusionsAlthough oestrogen downregulates the ERRγ expression, the increased ERRγ expression under oestrogen-deficient conditions increases the susceptibility to Bcl-2 family-mediated apoptosis in cultured human BECs of females, particularly those with PBC. Understanding the oestrogen-mediated cell kinetics is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy in PBC.
Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data
Authors: Oyebode Oyinlola , Gordon-Dseagu Vanessa , Walker Alice , Mindell Jennifer S 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundGovernments worldwide recommend daily consumption of fruit and vegetables. We examine whether this benefits health in the general population of England.MethodsCox regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% CI for an association between fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality, adjusting for age, sex, social class, education, BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity, in 65 226 participants aged 35+ years in the 2001–2008 Health Surveys for England, annual surveys of nationally representative random samples of the non-institutionalised population of England linked to mortality data (median follow-up: 7.7 years).ResultsFruit and vegetable consumption was associated with decreased all-cause mortality (adjusted HR for 7+ portions 0.67 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.78), reference category <1 portion). This association was more pronounced when excluding deaths within a year of baseline (0.58 (0.46 to 0.71)). Fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with reduced cancer (0.75 (0.59–0.96)) and cardiovascular mortality (0.69 (0.53 to 0.88)). Vegetables may have a stronger association with mortality than fruit (HR for 2 to 3 portions 0.81 (0.73 to 0.89) and 0.90 (0.82 to 0.98), respectively). Consumption of vegetables (0.85 (0.81 to 0.89) per portion) or salad (0.87 (0.82 to 0.92) per portion) were most protective, while frozen/canned fruit consumption was apparently associated with increased mortality (1.17 (1.07 to 1.28) per portion).ConclusionsA robust inverse association exists between fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality, with benefits seen in up to 7+ portions daily. Further investigations into the effects of different types of fruit and vegetables are warranted.
Daylight savings time and myocardial infarction
Authors: Sandhu Amneet , Seth Milan , Gurm Hitinder S 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPrior research has shown a transient increase in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after daylight savings time (DST) in the spring as well as a decrease in AMI after returning to standard time in the fall. These findings have not been verified in a broader population and if extant, may have significant public health and policy implications.MethodsWe assessed changes in admissions for AMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium (BMC2) database for the weeks following the four spring and three fall DST changes between March 2010 and September 2013. A negative binomial regression model was used to adjust for trend and seasonal variation.ResultsThere was no difference in the total weekly number of PCIs performed for AMI for either the fall or spring time changes in the time period analysed. After adjustment for trend and seasonal effects, the Monday following spring time changes was associated with a 24% increase in daily AMI counts (p=0.011), and the Tuesday following fall changes was conversely associated with a 21% reduction (p=0.044). No other weekdays in the weeks following DST changes demonstrated significant associations.ConclusionsIn the week following the seasonal time change, DST impacts the timing of presentations for AMI but does not influence the overall incidence of this disease.
The 2nd workshop on social and algorithmic issues in business support-knowledge hidden in text
Authors: Wojciechowski Adam , Mishra Alok 
Published: April 2014

This is a report from the 2nd International Workshop on "Social and Algorithmic Issues in Business Support" (SAIBS), which was organized in conjunction with the 6th Language and Technology Conference in Poznan, Poland, on December 8, 2013. The second edition of the workshop was focused on discovering knowledge hidden in text resources.
The social trends observed in networking and business activity has several roots. First -- it is a challenge for many of us to express, publish and share our experience and become recognizable among the crowd. Second -- the crowd creativity is a result of a process based on merging efforts and distributed resources in order to produce improved quality and deliver new products. Third -- utilizing social energy and productivity may initiate new business paradigms. Among a variety of artifacts stored in computer networks text resources play important roles. Books, articles, reports, subtitles, comments, tables of data, emails, passwords and other textual feeds are easy to produce, easy to transfer, relatively easy to translate and very attractive to process and analyze. The 2nd SAIBS Workshop was a place to discuss methods of knowledge discovery in text files and tables, its visualization, utilization and commercialization.
An important social contribution is software developed and hosted by volunteers and distributed through word-of-mouth recommendation. By the way -- manual and automated mining textual and multimedia content delivered via the Internet becomesan electronic word-of-mouth recommendation. During the workshop session we handled social contribution to business processes taking into account possible benefits and risk factors. Finally we were interested in research that analyzed crowd behaviour collected in text tables or visualized in the form of charts.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase HOIP Attenuates Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by Cisplatin
Authors: MacKay Craig , Carroll Eilís , Ibrahim Adel F.M. , Garg Amit , Inman Gareth J. , Hay Ronald T. , Alpi Arno F. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The genotoxin cisplatin is commonly used in chemotherapy to treat solid tumors, yet our understanding of the mechanism underlying the drug response is limited. In a focused siRNA screen, using an siRNA library targeting genes involved in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like signaling, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase HOIP as a key regulator of cisplatin-induced genotoxicity. HOIP forms, with SHARPIN and HOIL-1L, the linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC). We show that cells deficient in the HOIP ligase complex exhibit hypersensitivity to cisplatin. This is due to a dramatic increase in caspase-8/caspase-3–mediated apoptosis that is strictly dependent on ATM-, but not ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint activation. Moreover, basal and cisplatin-induced activity of the stress response kinase JNK is enhanced in HOIP-depleted cells and, conversely, JNK inhibition can increase cellular resistance to cisplatin and reverse the apoptotic hyperactivation in HOIP-depleted cells. Furthermore, we show that HOIP depletion sensitizes cancer cells, derived from carcinomas of various origins, through an enhanced apoptotic cell death response. We also provide evidence that ovarian cancer cells classified as cisplatin-resistant can regain sensitivity following HOIP downregulation. Cumulatively, our study identifies a HOIP-regulated antiapoptotic signaling pathway, and we envisage HOIP as a potential target for the development of combinatorial chemotherapies to potentiate the efficacy of platinum-based anticancer drugs. Cancer Res; 74(8); 2246–57. ©2014 AACR.
Distinguishing between Benign and Malignant Melanocytic Nevi by In Vivo Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Balu Mihaela , Kelly Kristen M. , Zachary Christopher B. , Harris Ronald M. , Krasieva Tatiana B. , König Karsten , Durkin Anthony J. , Tromberg Bruce J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Monitoring of atypical nevi is an important step in early detection of melanoma, a clinical imperative in preventing the disease progression. Current standard diagnosis is based on biopsy and histopathologic examination, a method that is invasive and highly dependent upon physician experience. In this work, we used a clinical multiphoton microscope to image in vivo and noninvasively melanocytic nevi at three different stages: common nevi without dysplastic changes, dysplastic nevi with structural and architectural atypia, and melanoma. We analyzed multiphoton microscopy (MPM) images corresponding to 15 lesions (five in each group) both qualitatively and quantitatively. For the qualitative analysis, we identified the morphologic features characteristic of each group. MPM images corresponding to dysplastic nevi and melanoma were compared with standard histopathology to determine correlations between tissue constituents and morphology and to evaluate whether standard histopathology criteria can be identified in the MPM images. Prominent qualitative correlations included the morphology of epidermal keratinocytes, the appearance of nests of nevus cells surrounded by collagen fibers, and the structure of the epidermal–dermal junction. For the quantitative analysis, we defined a numerical multiphoton melanoma index (MMI) based on three-dimensional in vivo image analysis that scores signals derived from two-photon excited fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and melanocyte morphology features on a continuous 9-point scale. Indices corresponding to common nevi (0–1), dysplastic nevi (1–4), and melanoma (5–8) were significantly different (P &lt; 0.05), suggesting the potential of the method to distinguish between melanocytic nevi in vivo. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2688–97. ©2014 AACR.
A Novel CDK9 Inhibitor Shows Potent Antitumor Efficacy in Preclinical Hematologic Tumor Models
Authors: Yin Tinggui , Lallena Maria J. , Kreklau Emiko L. , Fales Kevin R. , Carballares Santiago , Torrres Raquel , Wishart Graham N. , Ajamie Rose T. , Cronier Damien M. , Iversen Phillip W. , Meier Timothy I. , Foreman Robert T. , Zeckner Douglas , Sissons Sean E. , Halstead Bart W. , Lin Aimee B. , Donoho Gregory P. , Qian Yuewei , Li Shuyu , Wu Song , Aggarwal Amit , Ye Xiang S. , Starling James J. , Gaynor Richard B. , de Dios Alfonso , Du Jian 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) largest subunit RPB1 C-terminal domain (CTD) kinases, including CDK9, are serine/threonine kinases known to regulate transcriptional initiation and elongation by phosphorylating Ser 2, 5, and 7 residues on CTD. Given the reported dysregulation of these kinases in some cancers, we asked whether inhibiting CDK9 may induce stress response and preferentially kill tumor cells. Herein, we describe a potent CDK9 inhibitor, LY2857785, that significantly reduces RNAP II CTD phosphorylation and dramatically decreases MCL1 protein levels to result in apoptosis in a variety of leukemia and solid tumor cell lines. This molecule inhibits the growth of a broad panel of cancer cell lines, and is particularly efficacious in leukemia cells, including orthotopic leukemia preclinical models as well as in ex vivo acute myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient tumor samples. Thus, inhibition of CDK9 may represent an interesting approach as a cancer therapeutic target, especially in hematologic malignancies. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(6); 1442–56. ©2014 AACR.
Hypoxic Stress Facilitates Acute Activation and Chronic Downregulation of Fanconi Anemia Proteins
Authors: Scanlon Susan E. , Glazer Peter M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Hypoxia induces genomic instability through replication stress and dysregulation of vital DNA repair pathways. The Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins, FANCD2 and FANCI, are key members of a DNA repair pathway that responds to replicative stress, suggesting that they undergo regulation by hypoxic conditions. Here acute hypoxic stress activates the FA pathway via ubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI in an ATR-dependent manner. In addition, the presence of an intact FA pathway is required for preventing hypoxia-induced DNA damage measurable by the comet assay, limiting the accumulation of γH2AX (a marker of DNA damage or stalled replication), and protecting cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, prolonged hypoxia induces transcriptional repression of FANCD2 in a manner analogous to the hypoxic downregulation of BRCA1 and RAD51. Thus, hypoxia-induced FA pathway activation plays a key role in maintaining genome integrity and cell survival, while FA protein downregulation with prolonged hypoxia contributes to genomic instability.
Implications: This work highlights the critical role of the FA pathway in response to hypoxic stress and identifies the pathway as a therapeutic target under hypoxic conditions. Mol Cancer Res; 12(7); 1016–28. ©2014 AACR.
A New Method to Calibrate Shortwave Solar Radiation Measurements
Authors: Qiu Jinhuan , Xia Xiangao , Bai Jianghui , Wang Pucai , Zong Xuemei , Lu Daren 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A method is proposed to simultaneously calibrate shortwave (0.3–4 μm) global, direct, and scattering solar irradiance (GSI, DSI, and SSI, respectively) measurements. The method uses the World Radiation Reference (WRR) as a calibration standard and on-site radiation measurements as inputs. Two simple but effective techniques are used in the calibration. The first is to scale SSI and GSI detection sensitivities under overcast skies, which is based on the assumption that SSI should be equal to GSI if DSI is completely scattered and absorbed. The second is a new method to retrieve aerosol optical thickness (AOT), using the ratio of horizontal DSI (HDSI) to GSI measurements under clear and clean conditions. Thereafter, retrieved AOTs are used to drive a radiative transfer model to calculate atmospheric transmittance and then a ratio of GSI to the transmittance. Deviation of this ratio to the WRR is regarded as an indicator of GSI uncertainty, and the calibration transfer coefficient is derived as the WRR ratio. The method is applied to calibrate radiation measurements at Xianghe, China, during 2005. It is estimated from the derived transfer coefficients on 36 clear and clean days that uncertainties of DSI, GSI, and SSI measurements are within −4.0% to 2.9%, −5.9% to 2.4%, and −6.1% to 4.9%, respectively. The calibration is further validated based on comparisons of AOT at 750 nm retrieved from HDSI/GSI to Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOT products. The maximum deviation between two AOT products is 0.026. The unique advantage of this method lies in its potential applications in correcting historic radiation measurements and monitoring radiometer performance.
Effect of a Bluetooth-Implemented Hearing Aid on Speech Recognition Performance
Authors: Kim Min-Beom , Chung Won-Ho , Choi Jeesun , Hong Sung Hwa , Cho Yang-Sun , Park Gyuseok , Lee Sangmin 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: The object was to evaluate speech perception improvement through Bluetooth-implemented hearing aids in hearing-impaired adults. Methods: Thirty subjects with bilateral symmetric moderate sensorineural hearing loss participated in this study. A Bluetooth-implemented hearing aid was fitted unilaterally in all study subjects. Objective speech recognition score and subjective satisfaction were measured with a Bluetooth-implemented hearing aid to replace the acoustic connection from either a cellular phone or a loudspeaker system. In each system, participants were assigned to 4 conditions: wireless speech signal transmission into hearing aid (wireless mode) in quiet or noisy environment and conventional speech signal transmission using external microphone of hearing aid (conventional mode) in quiet or noisy environment. Also, participants completed questionnaires to investigate subjective satisfaction. Results: Both cellular phone and loudspeaker system situation, participants showed improvements in sentence and word recognition scores with wireless mode compared to conventional mode in both quiet and noise conditions ( P < .001). Participants also reported subjective improvements, including better sound quality, less noise interference, and better accuracy naturalness, when using the wireless mode ( P < .001). Conclusions: Bluetooth-implemented hearing aids helped to improve subjective and objective speech recognition performances in quiet and noisy environments during the use of electronic audio devices.
Falsely elevated plasma selenium due to gadolinium contrast interference: a novel solution to a preanalytical problem
Authors: Ryan Joshua B , Grant Susan , Walmsley Trevor , Florkowski Christopher M , George Peter M 
Published: April 2014

Background: Trace elements are commonly measured by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A 30-year-old man had a plasma selenium (Se) concentration on ICP-MS of 66  µmol/L (reference interval 0.45–1.40), a potentially lethal level, despite no history of Se exposure or toxicity symptoms. He had earlier undergone magnetic resonance imaging with a gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent, which is known to interfere with Se on ICP-MS. We aimed to adjust our method by monitoring a second Se isotope that is unaffected by Gd to detect this preanalytical interference. Methods: Plasma samples referred for trace metal testing had Se measured on ICP-MS (monitoring 78Se), which we modified to also monitor a second isotope (82Se). The modified method was then applied to a specimen with known Gd contamination. Results: Plasma Se results ( n = 41) derived from monitoring the two different Se isotopes were similar with a good correlation ( R2 = 0.991) over a range of 0.23–2.21  µmol/L. On repeat analysis, our patient had a Se concentration of 65  µmol/L using the 78Se isotope but only 1.43  µmol/L using 82Se. Conclusion: To avoid reporting a falsely elevated plasma Se result, we suggest that Se analysis by ICP-MS should include a second Se isotope for monitoring, that is not subject to Gd interference.
Construction of twin staple-core spun yarn with two points of yarn formation in one twisting process
Authors: Matsumoto Masakazu , Matsumoto Yo-ichi , Kanai Hiroyuki , Wakako Lina , Fukushima Kazunari 
Published: April 2014

In order to diversify the structure of spun yarn as textile material and to develop novel composite spun yarn with good functionality, we investigated how to construct single yarn with a twin staple-core and sheath structure and/or adopt the production method of triplet spun yarn using an experimental ring spinning frame. Fundamentally, the unique spinning conditions were not only the arrangement and the distances of three rovings and the twist level of yarn, but also the types of staple fibers. The following results were obtained: (1) by adopting the production method of triplet spun yarn with three rovings under the spinning condition with two differing roving distances, the yarn combining side-by-side and sheath-core structures could be constructed by two points of yarn formation and one twisting process without the device for controlling of spinning tension; (2) in the spinning method of twin staple-core spun yarn, it was necessary to control the difference between spinning tensions of the sheath layer and the twin staple-core layer with side-by-side structure under the spinning condition with the lower twist level of yarn and the greater difference between two roving distances; (3) for combining the twin staple-core and the sheath layers, it was important not only to control the greater length of drafted fiber strands for the sheath layer, but also to choose the cut length of the sheath and the core fibers.