bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of terrestrial animal rabies in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, after oral vaccination of raccoons (1998–2007)
Authors: Horman Joseph T. , Shannon Kyle V. , Simpson E. Marie , Burja Thomas M. , Fey Robert H. , Smith Jeremy J. , Phillips Frances B. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effectiveness of an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) project conducted from 1998 through 2007 in Anne Arundel County, Md, for the control of rabies in terrestrial animals.
Design—Retrospective analysis of surveillance data (1997 through 2007).
Animals—Free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) and other terrestrial mammals.
Procedures—Vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus oral rabies vaccine–bait units were distributed annually by aircraft and ground teams targeting free-ranging raccoons. Approximately 2 to 4 weeks following the vaccine-bait placement, raccoons were live trapped, sedated, processed, and then released. Serologic samples were tested for the presence of rabies virus–neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs). Bait acceptance was estimated by analysis of tetracycline biomarking of sampled teeth. Rabies incidence was determined by the passive identification of rabid terrestrial animals.
Results—The incidence of rabies in terrestrial animals decreased 92% between 1997 (the year prior to the start of the ORV project) and 2007. The mean RVNA prevalence across all years was 33% among trapped raccoons in areas baited with a fish meal polymer bait type, whereas the mean bait acceptance was 30%. Adult raccoons had a seropositivity rate twice that of juvenile raccoons, whereas the bait acceptance rate between adults and juveniles did not differ significantly. For areas baited with a coated sachet bait, adults and juveniles had the same seroprevalence. Juveniles had better seroprevalence when the annual campaign started in September and October, compared with August.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The ORV project contributed to a significant decrease in annual incidence of terrestrial animal rabies in Anne Arundel County, Md, during the 10-year project period. For fish meal polymer baits, juvenile raccoons accessed bait at the same rate as adult raccoons but had a significantly lower prevalence of RVNAs. For coated sachet baits, seroprevalence was the same in both age groups. The time of year the bait distribution occurred and the bait type used may be partial explanations for the difference in RVNA seroprevalence between adults and juvenile raccoons.
Assessment of fracture healing after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis or open reduction and internal fixation of coexisting radius and ulna fractures in dogs via ultrasonography and radiography
Authors: Pozzi Antonio , Risselada Marije , Winter Matthew D. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate fracture healing after minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of coexisting radius and ulna fractures in dogs via ultrasonography and radiography.
Design—Prospective cohort study.
Animals—16 dogs with radius-ulna fractures that underwent MIPO (n = 9; 2 dogs were subsequently not included in the analyses because of incomplete follow-up information) or ORIF (7).
Procedures—Dogs in the 2 treatment groups were matched by age, body weight, and configuration of the fractures. Fracture healing was evaluated with ultrasonography, power Doppler ultrasonography, and radiography every 3 to 4 weeks until healing was complete; a semiquantitative score based on the number of Doppler signals was used to characterize neovascularization, and subjective B-mode ultrasonographic and radiographic scores were assigned to classify healing.
Results—Fractures in dogs that underwent MIPO healed in significantly less time than did fractures in dogs that underwent ORIF (mean ± SD; 30 ± 10.5 days and 64 ± 10.1 days, respectively). Radiography revealed that fractures in dogs that underwent MIPO healed with significantly more callus formation than did fractures in dogs that underwent ORIF. Although Doppler ultrasonography revealed abundant vascularization in fractures that were healing following MIPO, no significant difference in neovascularization scores was found between groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For dogs with radius-ulna fractures, data indicated that bridging osteosynthesis combined with a minimally invasive approach contributed to rapid healing after MIPO. The MIPO technique may offer some clinical advantage over ORIF, given that complete radius-ulna fracture healing was achieved in a shorter time with MIPO.
Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities in young dogs with acquired and congenital portosystemic shunts: 93 cases (2003–2008)
Authors: Adam Fiona H. , German Alexander J. , McConnell J. Fraser , Trehy Mary R. , Whitley Nat , Collings Alison , Watson Penny J. , Burrow Rachel D. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether clinical and clinicopathologic data could assist differentiation of congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSSs) from acquired portosystemic shunts (APSSs) in young dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—Dogs < 30 months of age with CPSSs (n = 62) or APSSs (31).
Procedures—Medical records from 3 referral centers identified 31 dogs with APSSs and 62 dogs with CPSSs diagnosed from July 2003 to July 2008. Signalment, clinical signs, physical examination, and clinicopathological data were recorded, and statistical analyses were performed to determine differences between groups.
Results—Univariable analysis showed APSS patients were older, heavier, and in poorer body condition, compared with CPSS patients. In CPSS patients, diarrhea was less prevalent, and neurologic signs were more prevalent. Ascites was more prevalent in APSS (Fisher exact test; OR, 50.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2 to 409.7), with no significant difference in albumin concentration between groups. The logistic regression model used to assess clinicopathological parameters showed lower Hct (OR, 1.42 × 10−12; 95% CI, 1.42 × 10−17 to 4.0 × 10−6), higher mean corpuscular volume (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.50), and higher alanine aminotransferase concentrations (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.001 to 1.009) were more likely in APSS patients.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Several clinicopathologic differences between dogs with congenital and acquired shunts were identified; however, assessed alone, these would be unlikely to enable differentiation between the 2 conditions. Awareness of the rarity of ascites in CPSS cases should prompt recognition of a likely diagnosis of APSS, allowing the veterinarian to target further diagnostics and counsel the owner appropriately.
Musculoskeletal Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses: 35 cases (1999–2009)
Authors: Nogradi Nora , Spier Sharon J. , Toth Balazs , Vaughan Betsy 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To describe the clinical course and outcome in horses in which Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections were associated with musculoskeletal disease and lameness.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—35 horses.
Procedures—Clinical and clinicopathologic data were collected from horses diagnosed with lameness associated with C pseudotuberculosis infection between 1999 and 2009.
Results—32 (91.4%) horses had grade 4/5 lameness. Three (8.6%) horses had grade 5/5 lameness. Abscesses were diagnosed by clinical or ultrasonographic examination. Abscesses were located in the axillary or triceps region in 25 (71.4%) horses, the stifle region in 2 (5.7%), and the popliteal lymph node in 1 (2.9%). Diffuse lymphangitis was seen in 4 (11.4%) horses, osteomyelitis in 2 (5.7%) horses, and septic arthritis in 2 (5.7%) horses. Horses commonly had clinicopathologic abnormalities characterized by neutrophilia (96.4%), anemia (67.8%), hypoalbuminemia (66.6%), or hyperfibrinogenemia (42.8%). Treatment included surgical drainage of the abscess in 21 (60%) horses, performed under ultrasonography in 20 horses; anti-inflammatory medications in 34 (97.1 %) horses; and antimicrobials in 30 (85.7%) horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—C pseudotuberculosis infection of the limbs in horses typically results in severe lameness but may have a favorable prognosis. The diagnosis may be challenging, and results of blood work consistent with inflammation are nonspecific, but anemia, hyperglobulinemia, and increased synergistic hemolysis inhibition titers are common. Ultrasonography may localize the lesions and facilitate surgical drainage to alleviate lameness. When C pseudotuberculosis musculoskeletal infection results in osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, the prognosis for survival is poor.
Assessment of on-screen measurements, magnification, and calibration in digital radiography
Authors: Read Robyn L. , Duncan Colleen G. , Wallace Aaron D. , Perry James A. , Duerr Felix M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare calibration methods for digital radiography in terms of measurement accuracy and interobserver variability.
Design—Prospective study.
Sample—Digital radiographic images of a 155-mm-long Steinmann pin.
Procedures—Measurement of pin length on digital radiographs was determined with a 25.4-mm-diameter calibration ball and commercially available software program via 3 calibration methods (ie, no calibration, autocalibration, and manual calibration). Digital radiographs of the calibration ball and pin were obtained with each placed at various vertical heights from the table (7 heights) and horizontal distances from the center of the beam (4 distances). Measurements of pin length on digital radiographs were made by 4 observers who were blinded to the orientation of the calibration ball and pin.
Results—Pin lengths obtained by each calibration method were significantly different from each other and from the true value. Manual calibration was the most accurate. There was no significant interobserver variability in measurements. There was no significant change in measurements when the calibration ball was moved horizontally, but pin length measurements changed significantly when the ball was moved vertically (away from the table) with an approximate magnification error of 1% per centimeter of distance between the calibration ball and pin.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For digital radiography, manual calibration is recommended to achieve the most accurate measurements. Ideally, the calibration ball should be placed at the same vertical height as the object to be measured; however, if this cannot be achieved, the magnification error can be expected to be approximately 1% per centimeter of distance.
On - Farm Evaluation of Natural Toxicants from Tephrosia Vogelii and Petiveria Alliacea on Megalurothrips Sjostedti and Apion Varium of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp)
Authors: Alao F O , Adebayo T A , Olaniran O A 
Published: September 2012

The field study was conducted during the planting season of cowpea to evaluate the natural toxicant from Tephrosia vogelii and Petiveria alliacea and their mixture against Megalurothrips sjostedti and Apion varium at three different concentrations (5, 10, and 20% v/v). The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design. The field observations showed that the two insect pests were effectively controlled by the botanical insecticides compared with untreated plants. Also, the plant extracts at 20% and 10% v/v significantly protected cowpea pods and grains from the damage. However, higher grain yield was obtained from the plant treated with 20% v/v compared to those treated with 10%, 5% v/v and untreated plants. Combination of the two plant extracts at 20% v/v had the same efficacy with synthetic insecticide (Decis). Thus, these plant extracts can be used in organic farming. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11745 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 575-582, December 2011
Characterization and Maintenance of Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Germplasm
Authors: Islam Md Tariqul , Chowdhury Rais Uddin , Afroz Rozina , Rahman Sajia , Haque Md Mamtazul 
Published: September 2012

Three experiments were conducted with 60 germplasm accessions of yam (Dioscorea spp.) at Plant Genetic Resources Centre of BARI for characterization and conservation of germplasm. Fifty-nine germplasm accessions of D. alata L. and one accession of D. bulbifera L. from different districts of Bangladesh were used. Clockwise twining direction was found in D. bulbifera and anti-clockwise twining direction was exhibited in all D. alata germplasm accessions. Potato like aerial tuber was found in D. bulbifera. Round, oval, elongate, flattened to irregular aerial tuber shape were found. Grayed-brown, brown to grayed-orange skin colour with yellow, yellow-orange to grayed-orange of aerial tuber flesh colour were observed among the yam germplasm accessions. Oval-oblong, cylindrical, flattened, corm, rhizome to irregular shape of underground stem or tubers were observed. Low, medium to dense types of spiniess of roots were found on the tubers. Grayed-orange, red to black tuber skin colour along with white, yellowish-white, yellow, yelloworange, red to purple tuber flesh colours were found. Significant variations were also observed in stem shape at base, colour of stem, wing and petiole wing, position of leaf, leaf shape and distance between leaf lobes. Low to high phenotypic diversity was exhibited among the germplasm accessions. The germplasm accessions produced 1 to 30 under ground tubers per plant. The main tuber length ranged from 5.4 to 66.4 cm and breadth from 2.5 to 15.5 cm. The germplasm accessions produced 0.51 kg to 16.45 kg tuber yield per plant. The maximum variability was found in tuber yield per plant (98.74%) and the minimum was found in leaf length (12.55%).The under ground tubers of yam were harvested and replanted at an interval of two to three years from 1995 at PGRC. The plants were grown on bamboo trail in the field genebank. Necessary intercultural operations are done for maintaining the yam germplasm accessions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11748 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 605-621, December 2011
Yield Gap and Production Constraints in Rice-Wheat System: Scenario From Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Mahendra 
Published: September 2012

The yield gap and the production constraints in the rice-wheat (R-W) system in eastern Uttar Pradesh were studied. The yield gap II (difference between the yield obtained at nearest demonstration plot and actual yield obtained on farmers' fields in a particular region) has been found 45 percent and 38 percent in rice and wheat crops, respectively, in the irrigated rice-wheat system. The technological and socio-economic constraints have accounted for 54 percent and 46 percent of the yield gap, respectively, in the system. Soil-related constraints rank first, followed by weed-related constraints. Among the individual constraints, zinc deficiency rank first followed by nitrogen deficiency and incidence of Phalaris minor. The study has concluded that for the sustainability of the R-W system, priority should be accorded to bridge the existing yield gap through addressing the production constraints. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11749 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 623-632, December 2011
Potassium Status of Four Rice Growing Soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M S , Abedin Mian M J , Islam M R , Saleque M A , Islam MS 
Published: September 2012

Soils of varying K status were selected at the BAU farm, Mymensingh and BADC farm, Madhupur for conducting laboratory, pot, and field experiments to see the dynamics of potassium in wet land rice soils. The soils were BAU-1(0.087 cmol/kg soil), BAU-2 (0.146 cmol/kg soil), Maddhupur-1 soil (0.097cmol/kg soil), and Madhupur-2 soil (0.706 cmol/kg soil). Almost neutral silt loam soils (Sonatola series) of BAU firm developed on the recent alluvial deposits of Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain and the acidic clayey soils (Noadda and Kalma series) of BADC farm developed on Madhupur clay. The laboratory experiments were potassium release capacity of soils, Q/I relationships of potassium. Results of the experiments showed that BADC farm soils released more K than BAU farm soils. The Q/I relationship showed that the equilibrium exchangeable K (EK0) and labile K (KL) of Madhupur-2 soil were higher than other soils. The potential buffering capacity (PBCK) was higher in BAU-2(5.19±0.12 cmol/kg (mol/L)1/2 soil followed by BAU-1 (4.07±0.09 cmol/kg (mol/L)1/2) and then Madhupur-2 soil (2.23±0.04 cmol/kg (mol/L)1/2). BAU farm soils adsorbed 55 to 60% of added K in non-exchangeable form, while it was 33 to 39% in BADC farm soils. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11750 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 633-646, December 2011
Effect of Sulphur Fertilization on The Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.)
Authors: Zaman MS , Hashem MA , Jahiruddin M , Rahim MA 
Published: September 2012

The experiment was conducted for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), BARI, Jamalpur to find out an optimum dose of sulphur for yield maximization of garlic cv. Jamalpur local. There were six levels of sulphur viz., 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 kg/ha. A control treatment was in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The fertilizer package N150P60K120Zn4 B1 kg/ha was applied to each plot as blanket dose. Results revealed that most of the growth and yield parameters increased progressively with increasing rate of sulphur application. Bulb yield increased with successive increase in the level of sulphur up to 45 kg/ha and thereafter decreased. The highest bulb yield (7.05 t/ha in 2005-06 and 7.22 t/ha in 2006- 07) was achieved at 45 kg S/ha and the control treatment receiving no fertilizer had the lowest yield (3.21 t/ha in 2005-06 in and 3.26 t/ha in 2006-07). The yield benefit for 45 kg sulphur per hawas 34.2% in 2005-06 and 40.0% in 2006-07 over no sulphur. Sulphur at 45 kg/ha produced 54.5% and 54.9% higher yield over control treatment in both the years. The optimum and economic dose of sulphur for the yield of garlic were 44.0 and 43.6 kg/ha, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11751 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 647-656, December 2011
In Vitro Studies on the Fungicidal Effect on Trichoderma Species in Tea Plantation
Authors: Islam MS , Ali M , Rahman MS 
Published: September 2012

Tolerance of Trichoderma species collected from tea plantation to fungicides was evaluated in vitro using poisoned food method. Fungicides like Carbendazim 50 WP, Copperoxychloride 50 WP, Hexaconazole 5 EC, and Propiconazole 25 EC were used at two lower and two upper of recommended doses. The growth of T. harzianum was mostly inhibited by the Carbendazim 50 WP and Propiconazole 25 EC with the recommended doses; while T. viride could grow easily with the said doses. Both species of Trichoderma grew easily in medium containing Copperoxychloride even at highest doses. Hexaconazole 5 EC proved to be highly toxic with no growth of Trichoderma harzianum in treatments containing 40.0 and 42.05 ppm. At highest concentration (42.5 ppm) of Hexaconazole 5 EC, T. viride grew after 72 hours of incubation. It was 14.44% over the control on 4th day of plating. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11758 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 677-683, December 2011
Dimethyl Disulfide- A Potential Biopesticide Against Root-Knot Nematode of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.)
Authors: Faruk MI , Rahman ML , Mustafa MMM , Coosemans IR J 
Published: September 2012

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), the natural biopesticide extracted from Allium spp., was evaluated against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in greenhouse pot culture. All concentrations of DMDS viz. 30 ml, 60 ml, and 80 ml and Aldicarb @ 2g per square meter of soil were effective against root-knot disease under both wet and dry conditions of soil. Nematode incidence was reduced drastically by higher dose of DMDS and Aldicarb @ 2g but did not accelerate vegetative growth of tomato plant especially when tomato seedlings were transplanted immediately after soil treatment. Low concentration of DMDS (30 ml per square meter of soil) was found appropriate for controlling root-knot nematode of tomato, accelerating saprophytic nematode population in soil and also enhancing vegetative growth of tomato plant under dry condition of soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11759 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 685-695, December 2011
Validation and Optimization of a Simple RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Trimetazidine in Human Serum and its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study with Healthy Bangladeshi Male Volunteers
Authors: Chowdhury Md Mazharul Islam , Ullah Md Ashik , Maruf Abdullah Al , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Ahmed Maizbha Uddin , Shohag Md Hasanuzzaman , Azad MAK , Hasnat Abul 
Published: September 2012

Trimetazidine is an effective and well-tolerated antianginal drug. In the present study, a simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection was developed and validated for the quantification of trimetazidine in human serum samples using caffeine as internal standard. Protein precipitation method with methanol was employed in the extraction of trimetazidine and caffeine from biological matrix. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on Xterra C18 Column with a mobile phase consisting 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.16 ± 0.01 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid, with a solvent system of triethanolamine and acetonitrile (90:10) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The chromatogram was monitored at a wavelength of 207 nm. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 5-200 ng/ml and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5.0 ng/ml with a coefficient of correlation (r2) ? 0.996. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviation was 3.40%-11.63% and 1.30%-10.21%, respectively. The average recovery of trimetazidine from serum was 97.44%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of modified release trimetazidine hydrochloride tablet (35 mg) in healthy Bangladeshi volunteers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11783 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 71-78, 2011 (December)
Preparation and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Tablets of Atorvastatin Calcium
Authors: Sharmin Florida , Masum Md Abdullah Al , Islam SM Ashraful , Reza Md Selim 
Published: September 2012

This investigation describes the preparation and in vitro evaluation of gastro retentive floating tablets of atorvastatin calcium. Two hydrophilic cellulose derivatives, Methocel K4M and Methocel K15M CR were used in floating tablets as gel forming agents to control drug release. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were incorporated as gas generating agents. The tablets prepared by direct compression technique were evaluated by various quality parameters including weight variation, hardness and buoyancy studies. In vitro drug release was determined for eight hours using USP XXII paddle-type dissolution apparatus in 0.1N HCl solution containing 1% sodium lauryl sulphate. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations. The release rates, extent and mechanisms, were found to be governed by polymer loading. It was also found that the polymer content significantly affected the mean dissolution time, percentage of drug release, release rate constant and diffusion exponent. Based on the dissolution data and floating time, formulation F-3 containing Methocel K4M and F-9 containing Methocel K15M CR may be considered as the best formulation. So an effective floating tablet of atorvastatin calcium can be prepared by using both the grades of HPMC. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11784 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 79-85, 2011 (December)