bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in duration of untreated illness, duration, and severity of illness among clinical phenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Dell’Osso Bernardo , Benatti Beatrice , Oldani Lucio , Spagnolin Gregorio , Altamura A.Carlo 
Published: June 2014

IntroductionObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent, disabling, and comorbid condition that is frequently under-recognized and poorly treated. OCD phenotypes may differ in terms of clinical presentation and severity. However, few studies have investigated whether clinical phenotypes differ in terms of latency to treatment (ie, duration of untreated illness[DUI]), duration, and severity of illness. The present study was aimed to quantify the aforementioned variables in a sample of OCD patients.MethodsOne hundred fourteen outpatients with aDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis of OCD were recruited, and their main clinical features were collected. Severity of illness was assessed through the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and the main phenotypes were identified through the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test, were performed to compare DUI, duration, and severity of illness across subgroups.ResultsIn the whole sample, the mean DUI exceeded 7 years (87.35±11.75 months), accounting for approximately half of the mean duration of illness (172.2±13.36 months). When subjects were categorized into 4 main clinical phenotypes, respectively, aggressive/checking (n=31), contamination/cleaning (n=37), symmetry/ordering (n=32), and multiple phenotypes (n=14), DUI, duration, and severity of illness resulted significantly higher in the aggressive/checking subgroup, compared to other subgroups (F=3.58, p<0.01; F=3.07, p<0.01; F=4.390, p<0.01).DiscussionIn a sample of OCD patients, along with a mean latency to treatment of approximately 7 years, regardless of the phenotype, patients had spent half of their duration of illness (DI) without being treated. DUI, duration, and severity of illness resulted significantly higher in the aggressive/checking subgroup.
Application of Fractal and Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Analysis in Evaluation of Brain Corpus Callosum and Cingulum Architecture
Authors: Pantic Igor , Dacic Sanja , Brkic Predrag , Lavrnja Irena , Pantic Senka , Jovanovic Tomislav , Pekovic Sanja 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis aim of this study was to assess the discriminatory value of fractal and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis methods in standard microscopy analysis of two histologically similar brain white mass regions that have different nerve fiber orientation. A total of 160 digital micrographs of thionine-stained rat brain white mass were acquired using a Pro-MicroScan DEM-200 instrument. Eighty micrographs from the anterior corpus callosum and eighty from the anterior cingulum areas of the brain were analyzed. The micrographs were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health ImageJ software and its plugins. For each micrograph, seven parameters were calculated: angular second moment, inverse difference moment, GLCM contrast, GLCM correlation, GLCM variance, fractal dimension, and lacunarity. Using the Receiver operating characteristic analysis, the highest discriminatory value was determined for inverse difference moment (IDM) (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve equaled 0.925, and for the criterion IDM≤0.610 the sensitivity and specificity were 82.5 and 87.5%, respectively). Most of the other parameters also showed good sensitivity and specificity. The results indicate that GLCM and fractal analysis methods, when applied together in brain histology analysis, are highly capable of discriminating white mass structures that have different axonal orientation.
Assessing cancer caregivers' needs for an early targeted psychosocial support project: The experience of the oncology department of the Poliambulanza Foundation
Authors: Meriggi Fausto , Andreis Federica , Premi Veronica , Liborio Nadia , Codignola Claudio , Mazzocchi Maria , Rizzi Anna , Prochilo Tiziana , Rota Luigina , Di Biasi Brunella , Bertocchi Paola , Abeni Chiara , Ogliosi Chiara , Aroldi Francesca , Zaniboni Alberto 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:Caregivers play a key role in the management of patients with cancer. However, some studies have suggested that caregivers have even more unmet needs than the patients.Method:To better identify the needs and changes in the lifestyles of the caregivers in our practice and to plan a targeted support project to decrease caregiver burden, we administered the Caregiver's QoL Index–Cancer (CQoLC) to 200 consecutive caregivers. This questionnaire assesses psychological well-being, the relationship with healthcare professionals, administration of finances, lifestyle disruption, and positive adaptation.Results:Our data showed that being a caregiver to a patient with metastatic disease negatively affected females mostly with regard to mental and emotional burden, while men complained more about their sexual life (42.3 vs. 33.6%), although this result was not significant. Some 93.5% of caregivers reported that they were pleased with their role, while 83.4% were concerned about financial difficulties.Significance of results:We strongly believe that early supportive care directed not only at patients but also to caregivers may improve the quality of life (QoL) in this population. We are currently developing a targeted support project to decrease caregiver burden.
Meaning and existential givens in the lives of cancer patients: A philosophical perspective on psycho-oncology
Authors: Vos Joël 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:Many cancer patients report changes in how they experience meaning in life and being confronted with life's limitations, understanding themselves as being vulnerable, finite, and free beings. Many would like to receive psychotherapeutic help for this. However, psychotherapy for these concerns often either focuses primarily on meaning in life (e.g., meaning-centered/logotherapy) or on existential givens (e.g., supportive–expressive therapy). The relationship between meaning in life and existential givens seems relatively unexplored, and it seems unclear how therapists can integrate them. The present article aims to explore the relationship between meaning and existential givens.Method:Martin Heidegger was a founder of existentialism, inspiring both meaning therapies and supportive–expressive therapies. Therefore, we systematically apply his understanding of these phenomena, elucidated by four elements in his central metaphor of “the house.”Results:(1) Walls: In everyday life, we construct ordinary meanings, like the walls of a house, to protect us from our surroundings, wind, and rain. (2) Surroundings (“existential givens”): Confronted with cancer, the meanings/walls of this house may collapse; people may start seeing their surroundings and understand that they could have built their house at a different location, that is, they understand the broad range of possibilities in life, their responsibility to choose, and the contingency of current meanings. (3) How to design, build, and dwell: People may design, build, and dwell in their house in different ways: they may lock themselves in their house of impermeable “ordinary meanings” and deny the existence of existential surroundings; they may feel overwhelmed by all possibilities and be unable to experience meaning; they may build the house as their true home, use life's possibilities, and listen to their true self by building permeable “existential meanings.” (4). Navigator: People may experience inner guidance to navigate in designing, building, and dwelling in this house.Significance of results:Meaning in life and existential givens are intertwined. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary for psycho-oncologists to address both. Further clinical validation is required.
THE COMMON WORLD: HISTORIES OF SCIENCE AND DOMESTIC INTIMACY
Authors: COEN DEBORAH R. 
Published: June 2014

Let us begin by considering a series of letters written in 1863 by Max Vigne, a humble imperial surveyor in India, to his wife at home in England. In the course of his affectionate and finely observed correspondence, Vigne comes to think of himself for the first time as a naturalist. He recounts his growing fascination with botany, particularly the new field of plant geography, and he expresses a keen desire to share this new knowledge—and his newfound identity—with his faraway wife, Clara.Everything I am seeing and doing is sonew. . . When I lie down to sleep everything spins in my brain. I can only make sense of my life the way I have made sense of everything, since we first met: by describing it to you. That great gift you have always had oflistening, asking such excellent questions—when I tell you enough to let you imagine me clearly, then I can imagine myself.In these lines Vigne is proposing what might strike us at first as a surprising connection between scientific observation and private life. He seems to derive his standard of clear description—the backbone of his scientific work as a naturalist—not from professional norms or philosophical reflections, but rather from an ideal of intimacy. In subsequent letters Vigne makes clear that his study of the geographical relations among plants is part of a more personal quest for knowledge: an attempt to make sense of the persistence of his own identity during his transformative experiences of travel. “Only now do I begin to grasp the principles of growth and change in the plants I learned to name in the woods, those we have grown at home—there is ascienceto this. Something that transcends mere identification.” He likens the plant's essential and enduring form to the bond he shares with Clara:The point, dear heart, is that through all these transformations one can still discern the original morphology; the original character is altered yet not lost. In our separation our lives are changing, our bond to each other is changing. Yet still we are essentially the same.These letters never reached Vigne's wife, because neither he, nor Clara, nor the letters themselves ever really existed. They are fictions, penned not by a nineteenth-century naturalist but by the twenty-first-century novelist, Andrea Barrett. Why begin a historiographical essay with fiction? In part because in very few cases have historians yet gone to the trouble of reconstructing such profound resonances between familial and scientific experiences. As historians, we are not yet sure how to read domestic documents as sources for the history of knowledge production. “Flimsy lists of things to do, large parchment mortgages, ‘private letters of no consequence’”—these are among the historical documents that we need to learn to read for their clues to intellectual history.
Ronald Coase's theory of the firm and the scope of economics
Authors: LOASBY BRIAN J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:Ronald Coase's work and its reception illustrate the significance – and the difficulty – of identifying problems and proposing solutions, which provides the theme of this paper. His theoretical innovation was not derived from economics, and seemed irrelevant to contemporary issues of economic theory and policy; only his much later perception of an apparently unrelated problem – the incoherent treatment of social cost as market failure – showed how the concept of transaction costs could illuminate two major areas of economics. The inadequate treatment by economists of the transaction costs of markets is linked to the neglect of processes, and especially the processes of organising the growth and use of knowledge – key concerns of Smith and Marshall. The curious relationship between Coase's explanation of firms and Austin Robinson's analysis of competitive industry leads to a reflection on the scarce resource of human cognition and the role (and fallibility) of institutions.
The Would-Be Migrant: Post-Socialist Primitive Accumulation, Potential Transnational Mobility, and the Displacement of the Present in Northeast China
Authors: Biao Xiang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article argues that ‘would-be migrants’ – people who prepare for migrating overseas to the extent that their present lives are significantly changed – should become a central figure in migration studies. There are many more would-be migrants than actual migrants, and they also have deeper impacts on migration processes and local societies. Instead of treating the would-be migrant as a derivative of the category of ‘migrant’, this article establishes it as the primary figure, and argues that migration is a contingent outcome of being a ‘would-be’. In order to do so this article delves into the living conditions of would-be migrants in northeast China, with a focus on two aspects that concern them the most: the exorbitant intermediary fees and the high risks involved. The would-be migrants' experiences suggest that the prevalent pattern of unskilled outmigration since the 1990s should be understood as a result of developments inside of China, particularly a condition that I call the ‘displacement of the present’. The figure of would-be migrant is not only methodologically revealing for migration studies, but also urges us to rethink how we may engage with rapid social changes.
International Higher Education Ambitions and Regional Migration Supports
Authors: Ho K.C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHigher education in East Asia is at an important historical juncture where its flagship universities are locked in a race to internationalise. In this restructuring, international students become a critical element in university and national strategies, as a key resource to strengthen university research and to augment the skilled labour force of a country. This article examines the issue of student migration at three scales. First, an idea of the regional magnitude of student movements is determined by examining inbound and outbound movements of students moving out of their home countries to study abroad within Pacific Asia (East and Southeast Asia). Second, by using Singapore as a case study, the paper examines the role of state policy in the internationalisation of higher education. We see how state and university policies shape the new work of flagship universities. And third, by drilling down further and using a survey sample of National University of Singapore international students, the main body of the paper examines the process of decision making, the elements which attract students to Singapore, their adjustment process, and their plans after graduation. This paper argues that the internationalisation of education brings about a powerful set of influences to the host society particularly when there are policies facilitating foreign students and their insertion into the host economy and society. Far from being a small temporary minority locked away in ivory towers, foreign students become the focus of policy, a talent that is sourced, a pillar supporting the economy, the hope of new marriage formation and the arrest the fertility decline, and an essential ingredient in the resultant multicultural society.
EZH2-mediated epigenetic suppression of long noncoding RNA SPRY4-IT1 promote
s NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sun M , Liu X-H , Lu K-H , Nie F-Q , Xia R , Kong R , Yang J-S , Xu T-P , Liu Y-W , Zou Y-F , Lu B-B , Yin R , Zhang E-B , Xu L , De W , Wang Z-X 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and metastasis. These lncRNAs are dysregulated in a variety of cancers and many function as tumor suppressors; however, the regulatory factors involved in silencing lncRNA transcription are poorly understood. In this study, we showed that epigenetic silencing of lncRNA SPRY4 intronic transcript 1 (SPRY4-IT1) occurs in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells through direct transcriptional repression mediated by the Polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). SPRY4-IT1 is derived from an intron within SPRY4, and is upregulated in melanoma cells; knockdown of its expression leads to cell growth arrest, invasion inhibition, and elevated rates of apoptosis. Upon depletion of EZH2 by RNA interference, SPRY4-IT1 expression was restored, and transfection of SPRY4-IT1 into NSCLC cells resulted in a significant antitumoral effect, both in culture and in xenografted nude mice. Moreover, overexpression of SPRY4-IT1 was found to have a key role in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition through the regulation of E-cadherin and vimentin expression. In EZH2-knockdown cells, which characteristically showed impaired cell proliferation and metastasis, the induction of SPRY4-IT1 depletion partially rescued the oncogenic phenotype, suggesting that SPRY4-IT1 repression has an important role in EZH2 oncogenesis. Of most relevance, translation of these findings into human NSCLC tissue samples demonstrated that patients with low levels of SPRY4-IT1 expression had a shorter overall survival time, suggesting that SPRY4-IT1 could be a biomarker for poor prognosis of NSCLC.
Isolation, plant colonization potential and phenanthrene degradation performance of the endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Ph6-gfp
Authors: Sun Kai , Liu Juan , Gao Yanzheng , Jin Li , Gu Yujun , Wang Wanqing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis investigation provides a novel method of endophyte-aided removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from plant bodies. A phenanthrene-degrading endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Ph6 was isolated from clover (Trifolium pratense L.) grown in a PAH-contaminated site. After being marked with the GFP gene, the colonization and distribution of strain Ph6-gfp was directly visualized in plant roots, stems and leaves for the first time. After ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) roots inoculation, strain Ph6-gfp actively and internally colonized plant roots and transferred vertically to the shoots. Ph6-gfp had a natural capacity to cope with phenanthrene in vitro and in planta. Ph6-gfp degraded 81.1% of phenanthrene (50 mg·L−1) in a culture solution within 15 days. The inoculation of plants with Ph6-gfp reduced the risks associated with plant phenanthrene contamination based on observations of decreased concentration, accumulation and translocation factors of phenanthrene in ryegrass. Our results will have important ramifications in the assessment of the environmental risks of PAHs and in finding ways to circumvent plant PAH contamination.
Behandlung rezidivierender Epistaxis durch Gefäßligatur: zeitgerecht oder überholt?
Authors: Weller P. , Christov F. , Bergmann C. , Lang S. , Lehnerdt G. 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung:Trotz der Weiterentwicklung chirurgischer Techniken vor allem auf dem Gebiet der endoskopischen minimal-invasiven Therapie kann hartnäckiges, rezidivierendes Nasenbluten eine Herausforderung für den HNO-Arzt sein. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, eigene Ergebnisse verschiedener Interventionsmöglichkeiten zur Behandlung rezidivierender Epistaxis zu vergleichen.
Material und Methoden: Von 2007 bis 2013 wurde bei 148 Patienten eine operative Blutstillung in Vollnarkose durchgeführt. Während die Ursache in der Mehrheit idiopathisch war (n=98), trat Epistaxis außerdem postoperativ (n=30), posttraumatisch (n=7) oder im Rahmen eines M. Osler (n=12) auf.
Therapie: In 141/148 Fällen erfolgte die Blutstillung mittels mono- oder bipolarer Koagula­tion im Bereich der Blutungsquelle – dies implizierte in 17 Fällen eine Ethmoidektomie. In 19 Fällen wurde der Eingriff mit einer Septumplastik kombiniert. Bei 4 Patienten erfolgte nach frustraner Elektrokoagulation und schwerster Epistaxis mit unklarer Blutungslokalisation als Ultima Ratio das transorbitale Clipping der Ethmoidalarterien und/oder der A. maxillaris in der Fossa pterygopalatina; im Verlauf traten hiernach weder weitere Blutungsepisoden noch Komplikationen auf. Bei 3 weiteren Patienten wurde neuroradiologisch nach erfolgloser operativer Koagulation eine Embolisation durchgeführt.
Diskussion: Falls konservative Maßnahmen bei Epistaxis versagen, stellt die operative Elektrokoagulation eine effiziente nächste Therapiestufe in über 95% der Fälle dar. Sollte diese bei schwersten Blutungen ohne exakte Blutungslokalisation weitere Blutungsepisoden nicht vermeiden, so ist das Clippen der ipsilateralen vorderen und hinteren Ethmoidal- und/oder Maxillararterie eine Ultima Ratio, welche in ihrer Effizienz einer neuroradiologischen Intervention gleichkommt.
Brassinosteroid-related transcription factor BIL1/BZR1 increases plant resistance to insect feeding
Authors: Miyaji Tomoko , Yamagami Ayumi , Kume Nao , Sakuta Masaaki , Osada Hiroyuki , Asami Tadao , Arimoto Yutaka , Nakano Takeshi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe plant steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) play important roles in plant growth and responses to stresses. The up-regulation of pathogen resistance by BR signaling has been analyzed, but the relationship between BR and insect herbivores remains largely unclear. BIL1/BZR1 is a BR master transcription factor known to be involved in the regulation of plant development through work conducted on a gain of function mutation. Here, we analyzed the function of BIL1/BZR1 in response to insect feeding and demonstrated that resistance against thrip feeding was increased in the bil1-1D/bzr1-1D mutant compared to wild-type. We generated Lotus japonicus transgenic plants that over-express the Arabidopsis bil1/bzr1 mutant, Lj-bil1/bzr1-OX. The Lj-bil1/bzr1-OX plants showed increased resistance to thrip feeding. The expression levels of the jasmoninc acid (JA)-inducible VSP genes were increased in both Arabidopsis bil1-1D/bzr1-1D mutants and L. japonicus Lj-bil1/bzr1-OX plants. The resistance to thrip feeding caused by the BIL1/BZR1 gene may involve JA signaling.
Regio- and stereoselective oxygenation of proline derivatives by using microbial 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases
Authors: Hara Ryotaro , Uchiumi Naoko , Okamoto Naoko , Kino Kuniki 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We evaluated the substrate specificities of four proline cis-selective hydroxylases toward the efficient synthesis of proline derivatives. In an initial evaluation, 15 proline-related compounds were investigated as substrates. In addition to l-proline and l-pipecolinic acid, we found that 3,4-dehydro-l-proline, l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, cis-3-hydroxy-l-proline, and l-thioproline were also oxygenated. Subsequently, the product structures were determined, revealing cis-3,4-epoxy-l-proline, cis-3-hydroxy-l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, and 2,3-cis-3,4-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-l-proline.
Enhancement of RNA annealing and strand displacement found in archaeal ribonuclease P proteins is conserved in Escherichia coli protein C5 and yeast protein Rpr2
Authors: Furutani Takashi , Hazeyama Kohsuke , Ueda Toshifumi , Tomita Satoko , Imai Takayoshi , Nakashima Takashi , Kakuta Yoshimitsu , Kimura Makoto 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We analyzed modes of action of ribonuclease P (RNase P) proteins, C5 in Escherichia coli and Rpr2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a pair of complementary fluorescence-labeled oligoribonucleotides. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assays revealed that RNA annealing and strand displacement activities found in archaeal RNase P proteins are prevalent in eubacterial (C5) and eukaryotic (Rpr2) RNase P proteins.