bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition for marine space: modelling the Baltic Sea fisheries and effort displacement under spatial restrictions
Authors: Bastardie Francois , Nielsen J. Rasmus , Eigaard O. R. , Fock H. O. , Jonsson P. , Bartolino V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMaritime spatial planning (MSP) and fishery management may generate extra costs for fisheries by constraining fishers activity with conservation areas and new utilizations of the sea. More energy-efficient fisheries are also likely to alter existing fishing patterns, which already vary from fishery to fishery and from vessel to vessel. The impact assessment of new spatial plans involving fisheries should be based on quantitative bioeconomic analyses that take into account individual vessel decisions, and trade-offs in cross-sector conflicting interests. We use a vessel-oriented decision-support tool (the DISPLACE model) to combine stochastic variations in spatial fishing activities with harvested resource dynamics in scenario projections. The assessment computes economic and stock status indicators by modelling the activity of Danish, Swedish, and German vessels (&gt;12 m) in the international western Baltic Sea commercial fishery, together with the underlying size-based distribution dynamics of the main fishery resources of sprat, herring, and cod. The outcomes of alternative scenarios for spatial effort displacement are exemplified by evaluating the fishers's abilities to adapt to spatial plans under various constraints. Interlinked spatial, technical, and biological dynamics of vessels and stocks in the scenarios result in stable profits, which compensate for the additional costs from effort displacement and release pressure on the fish stocks. The effort is further redirected away from sensitive benthic habitats, enhancing the ecological positive effects. The energy efficiency of some of the vessels, however, is strongly reduced with the new zonation, and some of the vessels suffer decreased profits. The DISPLACE model serves as a spatially explicit bioeconomic benchmark tool for management strategy evaluations for capturing tactical decision-making in reaction to MSP.
OGLE-BLG182.1.162852: an eclipsing binary with a circumstellar disc
Authors: Rattenbury N. J. , Wyrzykowski Ł. , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z. , Udalski A. , Kozłowski S. , Szymański M. K. , Pietrzyński G. , Soszyński I. , Poleski R. , Ulaczyk K. , Skowron J. , Pietrukowicz P. , Mróz P. , Skowron D. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We present the discovery of a plausible disc-eclipse system OGLE-BLG182.1.162852. The OGLE light curve for OGLE-BLG182.1.162852 shows three episodes of dimming by I ≃ 2–3 mag, separated by 1277 d. The shape of the light curve during dimming events is very similar to that of known disc-eclipse system OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893. The event is presently undergoing a dimming event, predicted to end on 2014 December 30. The next dimming episode for OGLE-BLG182.1.162852 is expected to occur in 2018 March.
Clinical Tube Weaning Supported by Hunger Provocation in Fully‐Tube‐Fed Children
Authors: Hartdorff Caroline M. , Kneepkens C.M. Frank , Stok‐Akerboom Anita M. , van Dijk‐Lokkart Elisabeth M. , Engels Michelle A.H. , Kindermann Angelika 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackground:Children with congenital malformations, mental retardation, and complex early medical history frequently have feeding problems. Although tube feeding is effective in providing the necessary energy and nutrients, it decreases the child's motivation to eat and may lead to oral aversion. In this study, we sought to confirm our previous results, showing that a multidisciplinary clinical hunger provocation program may lead to quick resumption of oral feeding.Methods:In a crossover study, 22 children of 9 to 24 months of age who were fully dependent on tube feeding were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group A, intervention group (2‐week multidisciplinary clinical hunger provocation program); and group B, control group (4‐week outpatient treatment by the same multidisciplinary team). Patients failing one treatment were reassigned to the other treatment group. Primary outcome measures were at least 75% orally fed at the conclusion of the intervention and fully orally fed and gaining weight 6 months after the intervention.Results:In group A, 9/11 patients were successfully weaned from tube feeding (2 failures: 1 developed ulcerative colitis, 1 drop‐out). In group B, only 1 patient was weaned successfully; 10/11 were reassigned to the clinical hunger provocation program, all being weaned successfully. Six months after the intervention, 1 patient had to resume tube feeding. In total, in the control group, 1/11 (9%) was weaned successfully as compared with 18/21 (86%) in the hunger provocation group (P < 0.001).Conclusions:Multidisciplinary clinical hunger provocation is an effective short‐term intervention for weaning young children from tube feeding.
Activation of dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons promotes persistent waiting independently of reinforcing effects
Authors: Fonseca Madalena S. , Murakami Masayoshi , Mainen Zachary F. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYThe central neuromodulator serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in a wide range of behaviors and affective disorders, but the principles underlying its function remain elusive. One influential line of research has implicated 5-HT in response inhibition and impulse control. Another has suggested a role in affective processing. However, whether and how these effects relate to each other is still unclear. Here, we report that optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) produces a dose-dependent increase in mice’s ability to withhold premature responding in a task that requires them to wait several seconds for a randomly delayed tone. The 5-HT effect had a rapid onset and was maintained throughout the stimulation period. In addition, movement speed was slowed but stimulation did not affect reaction time or time spent at the reward port. Using similar stimulation protocols in place preference and value-based choice tests, we found no evidence of either appetitive or aversive effects of DRN 5-HT neuron activation. These results provide strong evidence that the efficacy of DRN 5-HT neurons in promoting waiting for delayed rewards is independent of appetitive or aversive effects and support the importance of 5-HT in behavioral persistence and impulse control.
Why do frog and toad forelimbs suddenly (but asynchronously) appear, every time metamorphosis is near?
Authors: Zechini Luigi , Lilley Alison , Downie J. Roger , Walsh Patrick T. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

The internal development and the emergence of the forelimbs at metamorphosis is a defining feature of anuran amphibians (frogs and toads). However, although forelimb emergence is considered sudden, it is rarely synchronous. Any asynchrony may or may not exacerbate the increased drag that is predicted to occur with the emergence of the forelimbs at metamorphic climax.

Despite the impact forelimb emergence is hypothesized to have on individual survival and life‐history evolution, the degree of asynchrony between forelimb emergence, and any consequences of such asymmetry, has not been investigated. The asynchrony in forelimb emergence also provides an opportunity to test the currently held evolutionary basis for the internal development and sudden emergence of the forelimbs in anurans.

Using a diverse range of anuran taxonomic groups, we measured the time between, and pattern of, the emergence of the forelimbs across a range of species. To examine the evolutionary impacts of forelimb emergence, we assessed locomotory performance when individuals had zero, one or two forelimbs emerged.

The duration of time between the emergence of the two forelimbs was longer and more variable than predicted. Furthermore, no species suffered impaired burst speeds nor was their angle of escape affected as the forelimbs emerged asynchronously. In fact, burst swimming speed was faster after the emergence of one and two forelimbs than prior to their emergence.

Fundamentally, our results call into question the proposition, long accepted, that internal forelimb development is associated with locomotion and reducing drag during metamorphosis. This does not appear to be the case, and we suggest that anatomical or developmental constraints or advantages may be responsible.
Identifying gravity anomalies caused by granitic intrusions in Nanling mineral district, China: a multifractal perspective
Authors: Chen Guoxiong , Cheng Qiuming , Zuo Renguang , Liu Tianyou , Xi Yufei 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral power‐law relationships of geophysical potential fields have been discussed recently with renewed interests, including field value–distance () and power spectrum–wavenumber () models. The singularity mapping technique based on the density/concentration–area (C–A) power‐law model is applied to act as a high‐pass filter for extracting gravity and magnetic anomalies regardless of the background value and to detect the edges of gravity or magnetic sources with the advantage of scale invariance. This is demonstrated on a synthetic example and a case study from the Nanling mineral district, Southern China. Compared with the analytic signal amplitude and total horizontal gradient methods, the singularity mapping technique provides more distinct and less noisy boundaries of granites than traditional methods. Additionally, it is efficient for enhancing and outlining weak anomalies caused by concealed granitic intrusions, indicating that the singularity method based on multifractal analysis is a potential tool to process gravity and magnetic data.
Does functional trait diversity predict above‐ground biomass and productivity of tropical forests? Testing three alternative hypotheses
Authors: Finegan Bryan , Peña‐Claros Marielos , de Oliveira Alexandre , Ascarrunz Nataly , Bret‐Harte M. Syndonia , Carreño‐Rocabado Geovana , Casanoves Fernando , Díaz Sandra , Eguiguren Velepucha Paul , Fernandez Fernando , Licona Juan Carlos , Lorenzo Leda , Salgado Negret Beatriz , Vaz Marcel , Poorter Lourens 
Published: December 2014

SummaryTropical forests are globally important, but it is not clear whether biodiversity enhances carbon storage and sequestration in them. We tested this relationship focusing on components of functional trait biodiversity as predictors.Data are presented for three rain forests in Bolivia, Brazil and Costa Rica. Initial above‐ground biomass and biomass increments of survivors, recruits and survivors + recruits (total) were estimated for trees ≥10 cm d.b.h. in 62 and 21 1.0‐ha plots, respectively. We determined relationships of biomass increments to initial standing biomass (AGBi), biomass‐weighted community mean values (CWM) of eight functional traits and four functional trait variety indices (functional richness, functional evenness, functional diversity and functional dispersion).The forest continuum sampled ranged from ‘slow’ stands dominated by trees with tough tissues and highAGBi, to ‘fast’ stands dominated by trees with soft, nutrient‐rich leaves, lighter woods and lowerAGBi.We tested whetherAGBiand biomass increments were related to theCWMtrait values of the dominant species in the system (the biomass ratio hypothesis), to the variety of functional trait values (the niche complementarity hypothesis), or in the case of biomass increments, simply to initial standing biomass (the green soup hypothesis).CWMs were reasonable bivariate predictors ofAGBiand biomass increments, withCWMspecific leaf areaSLA,CWMleaf nitrogen content,CWMforce to tear the leaf,CWMmaximum adult heightHmaxandCWMwood specific gravity the most important.AGBiwas also a reasonable predictor of the three measures of biomass increment. In best‐fit multiple regression models,CWMHmaxwas the most important predictor of initial standing biomassAGBi. Only leaf traits were selected in the best models for biomass increment;CWM SLAwas the most important predictor, with the expected positive relationship. There were no relationships of functional variety indices to biomass increments, andAGBiwas the only predictor for biomass increments from recruits.Synthesis. We found no support for the niche complementarity hypothesis and support for the green soup hypothesis only for biomass increments of recruits. We have strong support for the biomass ratio hypothesis.CWMHmaxis a strong driver of ecosystem biomass and carbon storage andCWM SLA, and otherCWMleaf traits are especially important for biomass increments and carbon sequestration.
Economics of Animal Welfare Standards: Transatlantic Perspectives
Authors: Blandford David , Harvey David 
Published: December 2014

SummarySome economists suggest that the provision of a sufficiently high level of farm animal welfare is a public good that will not be forthcoming because of market failure. Others argue that it is a merit good whose provision is desirable on the basis of some concept of need or justice. These concepts lead towards assigning government the primary role in ensuring welfare standards. We argue that animal welfare should be treated as a moral good – one for which a state imposed minimum standard is necessary to meet society's demand for humane treatment, but where there is also a role for markets in satisfying the preferences of some consumers for higher welfare standards. Historically, Europe has tended to rely largely on legislation to raise welfare standards. The United States has tended to rely largely on private initiatives. On both sides of the Atlantic, there is strong evidence of movement to a mixed approach involving minimum legislated standards and products differentiated on the basis of higher welfare standards. This change in emphasis is to be welcomed as a means of providing an effective way of ensuring humane treatment of farm animals, while simultaneously satisfying diverse consumer preferences for animal products.
Recent updates on incubation of drug craving: a mini‐review
Authors: Li Xuan , Caprioli Daniele , Marchant Nathan J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCue‐induced drug craving progressively increases after prolonged withdrawal from drug self‐administration in laboratory animals, a behavioral phenomenon termed ‘incubation of drug craving.’ Studies over the years have revealed several important neural mechanisms contributing to incubation of drug craving. In this mini‐review, we first discuss three excellent Addiction Biology publications on incubation of drug craving in both human and laboratory animals. We then review several key publications from the past year on behavioral and mechanistic findings related to incubation of drug craving.
Passages: Airborne in an African Diaspora
Authors: Bhimull Chandra D. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis article relays a story about race and empire in the air. It uses the openness of creative nonfiction to mix and link ostensibly disconnected ethnographic and archival moments. Focused on diaspora and flight, it ties the onset of airline travel to the recent rise of aerial deportations and deaths. It shows why the differentiation, discrimination, and domination of racial others took to the sky, leaving us to wonder what befalls humanity aloft.
Truth, Shame, Complicity, and Flirtation: An Unconventional, Ethnographic (Non)fiction
Authors: Elliott Denielle 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis unconventional, nonfiction paper begins by exploring the entanglements of subjects and researchers in the inner city, a space marked by economic and political marginalization and disparities in health and well‐being. Blurring genres, the imaginative ethnographic narrative begins with the story of the lives of two men—an impoverished, homeless, Aboriginal man and a privileged, white clinical epidemiologist—and then drifts to consider the politics of sharing such stories for the ethnographer. Reflecting on the telling of the story at an academic conference, it illuminates tensions, contradictions, and the messiness of anthropology and the everyday lives of the anthropologist.
Three Critical Characteristics of Leadership: Character, Stewardship, Experience
Authors: Gini Al , Green Ronald M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThere is no one definition of leadership. The leadership equation is never set or fixed. Time, place, specific problems, the particular parties involved all play a role in the leadership equation. Nor is there one specific list of attributes, virtues, or skills that all leaders must and do possess. Nonetheless, we argue that at its core, all forms of ethical leadership are based on three elemental ingredients: character, stewardship, and experience.
Causes and Consequences of Inflation
Authors: Bagus Philipp , Howden David , Gabriel Amadeus 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhile ethical implications of direct taxation systems have recently received renewed attention, a more veiled scheme remains unnoticed: inflation. We overview the causes of inflation and assess its consequences. Salient wealth redistributions are a defining feature of inflation, as savers and fixed income individuals see a relative wealth reduction. While avoiding this “tax” is difficult in many instances because of the primacy of money in a monetary economy, the tax codes of most developed countries allow avoidance techniques to be employed. We analyze three ways that inflation may be avoided in an attempt to preserve personal wealth, as well as the consequences of such practices.
Drug‐induced liver injury: results from the hospital‐based Berlin Case–Control Surveillance Study
Authors: Douros Antonios , Bronder Elisabeth , Andersohn Frank , Klimpel Andreas , Thomae Michael , Sarganas Giselle , Kreutz Reinhold , Garbe Edeltraut 
Published: December 2014

AimDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is often responsible for acute liver failure, drug withdrawal, boxed warnings or drug non‐approval. Therefore, we conducted a case–control study to determine the hepatotoxic risk of a wide range of drugs.MethodsThe Berlin Case–Control Surveillance Study FAKOS included all 51 Berlin hospitals in a hospital network. Between 2002 and 2011, 198 patients with acute idiopathic hepatitis, 377 inpatient controls and 708 outpatient controls were ascertained. Case patients were thoroughly validated using anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and histological data. Drug exposure was obtained in a face‐to‐face interview. A possible drug aetiology was assessed in individual patients by applying the updated Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale. Drug risks were further quantified [odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)] in a case–control design with unconditional logistic regression analysis. Drug intake in the last 28 days before index date was considered for the analysis.ResultsThe study corroborated hepatotoxic risks for a number of drugs, including phenprocoumon (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5, 6.7), amiodarone (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.3, 21.2), clozapine (OR 34.6, 95% CI 2.8, 824.9) and flupirtine (OR 40.2, 95% CI 5.5, 856.9). Increased risks were also suggested for less commonly reported substances such as angiotensin II receptor blockers, atypical antipsychotics and for biperiden, a drug never before reported to be hepatotoxic.ConclusionsOur study identified a large number of drugs as possible causes of hepatotoxicity. The observed risk for seldom reported substances highlights the need for further post‐authorization safety studies not exclusively focusing on drugs already labelled as potentially hepatotoxic.
R&D COOPERATION BETWEEN IMPATIENT RIVALS
Authors: Yao Zhiyong , Zheng Bingyong 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTWe analyse R&D cooperation between product‐market competitors within a repeated‐game framework with imperfect monitoring. When firms are patient enough, R&D cooperation is attainable without product‐market collusion. However, if firms are less patient, we show that collusion in the product market is necessary to sustain R&D cooperation. Moreover, consumers can be better off when collusion is allowed in this case.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis of the pharmacology of para‐substituted methcathinone analogues
Authors: Bonano J S , Banks M L , Kolanos R , Sakloth F , Barnier M L , Glennon R A , Cozzi N V , Partilla J S , Baumann M H , Negus S S 
Published: December 2014

Background and PurposeMethcathinone (MCAT) is a potent monoamine releaser and parent compound to emerging drugs of abuse including mephedrone (4‐CH3 MCAT), the para‐methyl analogue of MCAT. This study examined quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) for MCAT and six para‐substituted MCAT analogues on (a) in vitro potency to promote monoamine release via dopamine and serotonin transporters (DAT and SERT, respectively), and (b) in vivo modulation of intracranial self‐stimulation (ICSS), a behavioural procedure used to evaluate abuse potential. Neurochemical and behavioural effects were correlated with steric (Es), electronic (σp) and lipophilic (πp) parameters of the para substituents.Experimental ApproachFor neurochemical studies, drug effects on monoamine release through DAT and SERT were evaluated in rat brain synaptosomes. For behavioural studies, drug effects were tested in male Sprague‐Dawley rats implanted with electrodes targeting the medial forebrain bundle and trained to lever‐press for electrical brain stimulation.Key ResultsMCAT and all six para‐substituted analogues increased monoamine release via DAT and SERT and dose‐ and time‐dependently modulated ICSS. In vitro selectivity for DAT versus SERT correlated with in vivo efficacy to produce abuse‐related ICSS facilitation. In addition, the Es values of the para substituents correlated with both selectivity for DAT versus SERT and magnitude of ICSS facilitation.Conclusions and ImplicationsSelectivity for DAT versus SERT in vitro is a key determinant of abuse‐related ICSS facilitation by these MCAT analogues, and steric aspects of the para substituent of the MCAT scaffold (indicated by Es) are key determinants of this selectivity.
A novel mechanism for cytoprotection against hypoxic injury: δ‐opioid receptor‐mediated increase in Nrf2 translocation
Authors: Cao Shan , Chao Dongman , Zhou Honghao , Balboni Gianfranco , Xia Ying 
Published: December 2014

Background and PurposeHypoxia/reoxygenation induces synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can attack macromolecules and cause brain injury. The transcription factor, nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2, (Nrf2), ia potent activator of genes with an antioxidant responsive element and Nrf2 can counteract oxidative injury by increasing expression of several antioxidative genes in response to ROS stress. Here, we show that activation of the δ‐opioid receptor (DOR) increasedNrf2 protein expression and translocation, thereby leading to cytoprotection.Experimental ApproachWe used HEK293t cells exposed to 0.5% O2 for 16 h and then reoxygenated for 4 h as a model of hypoxia‐reperfusion (H/R) injury. Real time PCR, Western blotting, siRNA and immunohistochemical techniques were used to follow Nrf2 expression and activity. Cell viability and damage (as LDH leakage) were also measured.Key ResultsH/R injury triggered Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus and up‐regulated expression of several downstream genes, relevant to antioxidation, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Incubation with the DOR agonist UFP‐512 enhanced Nrf2 protein expression and translocation and up‐regulated its downstream genes in normoxia and further increased Nrf2 expression and translocation after H/R, protecting the cells against loss of viability and damage. The effect of UFP‐512 on Nrf2 nuclear translocation was blocked by the DOR antagonist, naltrindole. Also, DOR–mediated cytoprotection was strongly inhibited after transfection of HEK293t cells with Nrf2 siRNA.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe DOR agonist UFP‐512 was cytoprotective against H/R injury and this effect was partly dependent on DOR‐mediated increase in Nrf2 function.