bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents in high‐conflict custodial cases: negotiating shared care across households
Authors: Jevne Kari Sjøhelle , Andenæs Agnes 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of custodial conflicts is important for reducing the level of such conflicts and improving the upbringing conditions for the children involved. The parents in these cases care for children living in two households, and our approach therefore draws on the knowledge of how ‘ordinary’ parents proceed in sharing care within and between locations. The paper is based on qualitative interviews with 15 Norwegian parents who were in contact with the child protection service during their custodial disagreements, indicating a high level of conflict and concerns about inadequate care. When describing and reflecting upon their practices of care, the parents speak from two main positions: as a concerned parent or an accused parent. These positions imply different approaches on how to share care, which offer insight into the mechanisms of getting stuck. Although the concerned parent worries about the child's well‐being while staying with the other parent and thereby aims to take a continuous responsibility across households, the accused parent perceives the co‐parent's involvement as undue and negotiates increased distance in parenting. Focusing on practices of care may contribute to turning the attention away from conflicts between former partners and towards the child's situation.
Cortical Bone Augmentation Versus Nerve Lateralization for Treatment of Atrophic Posterior Mandible: A Retrospective Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Khojasteh Arash , Hassani Ali , Motamedian Saeed Reza , Saadat Sarang , Alikhasi Marzieh 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeWe sought to assess implant success/survival/failure rate following cortical autogenous tenting technique (CATT) versus inferior alveolar nerve transposition (IANT) in the posterior mandible.Materials and MethodsPatients who underwent these two procedures between 2007 and 2011 were analyzed. CATT was performed using lateral ramus block graft and implants were inserted simultaneously or after 4 to 6 months. In IANT, implants were placed simultaneously after nerve transposition with or without mental foramen involvement. Data regarding marginal bone level (MBL), pus discharge (PD), neurosensory dysfunction (NSD), implant mobility, and failure were collected. Success rate was measured based on Pisa Consensus. Independent sample t‐test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to compare implant dimensions and MBL changes between the two techniques.ResultsA total of 118 patients with a mean age of 54.85 years were included. The mean follow‐up after CATT and IANT was 37.97 and 18.51 months, respectively. The overall survival and success rates of dental implants in the CATT group were 98.73% and 71.52%, respectively. The corresponding values for IANT subjects were 98.74% and 94.56%, respectively. Implant length and diameter in IANT group were significantly longer and wider than implants used after CATT (p value < .001). MBL changes in both techniques were less than 1 mm (p value = .79). Two cases of NSD, seven PD, and two implant failures were found in the CATT group. For IANT patients, seven permanent NSD, two PD, two implant failures, and one mandibular fracture were documented.ConclusionBoth techniques had implant survival rates similar to implants placed in unaltered bone. A higher implant success rate, albeit with higher incidence of long‐lasting nerve damage, was observed in the IANT group.
A different cause for respiratory disorder in children: cases with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Asilsoy Suna , Yazici Nalan , Demir Senay , Erbay Ayse , Koçer Emrah , Sarıalioğlu Faik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsIn children, complaints of a respiratory disorder are very frequent. Etiology of respiratory illness is a broad spectrum that varies from a simple viral infection to a malignant disorder. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is one of these entities and it is truly rare in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate our patients with PLCH.MethodsPatients who had been diagnosed with PLCH were retrospectively evaluated. Features of medical history, onset of the complaints, date of the diagnosis, chest X‐Ray and computed tomography (CT) findings, histopathology and other laboratory investigations were considered.ResultsThere were four cases with PLCH. All of them were male, ages were between 5 months and 16 years. In three cases, major complaints were chronic respiratory problems whereas in one of them there was acute respiratory distress beginning with cough and leading to pneumothorax. In all of the cases, multisystemic involvement was prominent. The diagnosis was proven by histopathology in all of the cases. In two children with smaller age, skin involvement was detected. Time from complaint to diagnosis was minimum 3 months and maximum 3 years.ConclusionPLCH is a rare disorder in children. Pulmonary involvement is generally a component of systemic involvement but in many cases it might have been detected with early respiratory complaints. So, children with chronic respiratory problems should be carefully evaluated and should be followed up for rare entities like PLCH.
Process Improvement for Interinstitutional Research Contracting
Authors: Varner Michael , Logan Jennifer , Bjorklund Todd , Whitfield Jesse , Reed Peggy , Lesher Laurie , Sikalis Amy , Brown Brent , Drollinger Sandy , Larrabee Kristine , Thompson Kristie , Clark Erin , Workman Michael , Boi Luca 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionSponsored research increasingly requires multiinstitutional collaboration. However, research contracting procedures have become more complicated and time consuming. The perinatal research units of two colocated healthcare systems sought to improve their research contracting processes.MethodsThe Lean Process, a management practice that iteratively involves team members in root cause analyses and process improvement, was applied to the research contracting process, initially using Process Mapping and then developing Problem Solving Reports.ResultsRoot cause analyses revealed that the longest delays were the individual contract legal negotiations. In addition, the “business entity” was the research support personnel of both healthcare systems whose “customers” were investigators attempting to conduct interinstitutional research. Development of mutually acceptable research contract templates and language, chain of custody templates, and process development and refinement formats decreased the Notice of Grant Award to Purchase Order time from a mean of 103.5 days in the year prior to Lean Process implementation to 45.8 days in the year after implementation (p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe Lean Process can be applied to interinstitutional research contracting with significant improvement in contract implementation.
Patient Engagement in Neurological Clinical Trials Design: A Conference Summary
Authors: Cobb Enesha M. , Meurer William , Harney Deneil , Silbergleit Robert , Lake Bray Patrick , Clark Christina , Gipson Debbie , Barsan William 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe conference objectives included educating patients and advocates about clinical trials, educating the clinical research community about patient perspectives on participating in clinical trial design, and identifying strategies to increase participation in clinical trial design for neurological disorders.DesignObservations were noted during a 1‐day conference attended by patients, patient advocates, clinical trial staff, and investigators. The conference offered didactic sessions, small, and large group discussions.ParticipantsConference participants were patients, patient advocates, clinical trial staff, students, and investigators interested in engaging patients in clinical trial design for neurological disorders.MeasuresConference participants were asked to consider lessons learned that could increase patient engagement in clinical trial design.ResultsWe found that there is growing interest in including patients in the design of clinical trials for neurological disorders. Several themes emerged on how to move forward: networking; the multifaceted roles of advocates in research; training and education; creating patient–researcher partnerships; and clinical trials regulation issues.ConclusionsThe conference provided a forum for dialogue regarding stakeholder engagement in the design of clinical trials for neurological disorders. This experience provides a template for replication and dissemination of this conference and informs next steps to accelerate the pathway from dialogue to action.
Towards proper sampling and statistical modelling of defects
Authors: Cetin A. , Roiko A. , Lind M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPredicting the size of the largest defect expected to occur in components based on samples obtained from polished inspection areas is a common exercise, which is even addressed in standards. However, the standard practice may occasionally yield poor results. This paper presents a comprehensive method that aims to improve some of the shortcomings of the standard practice. The method is utilized on actual defect data, which showed that the proposed method is able to predict significant experimental observations that the standard practice missed.
Disciplinary reporting affects the interpretation of climate change impacts in global oceans
Authors: Hauser Donna D. W. , Tobin Elizabeth D. , Feifel Kirsten M. , Shah Vega , Pietri Diana M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractClimate change is affecting marine ecosystems, but different investigative approaches in physical, chemical, and biological disciplines may influence interpretations of climate‐driven changes in the ocean. Here, we review the ocean change literature from 2007 to 2012 based on 461 of the most highly cited studies in physical and chemical oceanography and three biological subdisciplines. Using highly cited studies, we focus on research that has shaped recent discourse on climate‐driven ocean change. Our review identified significant differences in spatial and temporal scales of investigation among disciplines. Physical/chemical studies had a median duration of 29 years (n = 150) and covered the greatest study areas (median 1.41 × 107 km2, n = 148). Few biological studies were conducted over similar spatial and temporal scales (median 8 years, n = 215; median 302 km2, n = 196), suggesting a more limited ability to separate climate‐related responses from natural variability. We linked physical/chemical and biological disciplines by tracking studies examining biological responses to changing ocean conditions. Of the 545 biological responses recorded, a single physical or chemical stressor was usually implicated as the cause (59%), with temperature as the most common primary stressor (44%). The most frequently studied biological responses were changes in physiology (31%) and population abundance (30%). Differences in disciplinary studies, as identified in this review, can ultimately influence how researchers interpret climate‐related impacts in marine systems. We identified research gaps and the need for more discourse in (1) the Indian and other Southern Hemisphere ocean basins; (2) research themes such as archaea, bacteria, viruses, mangroves, turtles, and ocean acidification; (3) physical and chemical stressors such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, and upwelling; and (4) adaptive responses of marine organisms to climate‐driven ocean change. Our findings reveal that highly cited biological studies are rarely conducted on scales that match those of physical and chemical studies. Rather, we suggest a need for measuring responses at biologically relevant scales.
Highly sensitive alpha‐fetoprotein, Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of alpha‐fetoprotein and des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin for hepatocellular carcinoma detection
Authors: Caviglia Gian Paolo , Abate Maria Lorena , Petrini Elisa , Gaia Silvia , Rizzetto Mario , Smedile Antonina 
Published: June 2015

AimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops with high incidence in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and particularly in those with cirrhosis. Currently, diagnosis and surveillance are mainly based on imaging methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of highly sensitive measurement of α‐fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of AFP (AFP‐L3) and des‐γ‐carboxyprothrombin (DCP) alone and in combination, for HCC detection. In addition, a recently proposed statistical model, including these three biomarkers plus sex and age, the GALAD model, was applied.MethodsIn a total of 98 patients (44 CLD patients without HCC [23 men, 21 women; mean age, 53.2 ± 13.4 years] and 54 patients with HCC [45 men, nine women; 69.5 ± 9.8 years]), AFP, AFP‐L3 and DCP levels were determined using a highly sensitive assay on an μTASWako i30 immuno‐analyzer. Areas under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to assess diagnostic performance of the HCC biomarkers and of the GALAD model.ResultsAFP, AFP‐L3 and DCP serum levels were significantly elevated in HCC compared with CLD patients (P < 0.0001). AUC values were 0.891, 0.867 and 0.870, respectively. The combination of the three biomarkers resulted in an AUC of 0.947, whereas the GALAD model showed an AUC of 0.976 with a difference between AUC values of 0.029 (P = 0.028).ConclusionThe combination of AFP, AFP‐L3 and DCP is superior to a single biomarker in HCC detection. Furthermore, GALAD model performance is significantly higher than simple combination of these three biomarkers.
Political consumption, conventional politics, and high cultural capital
Authors: Baumann Shyon , Engman Athena , Johnston Josée 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article advances our knowledge of how political consumption is related to conventional forms of politics. Using survey data collected in Toronto in 2011, we examine how different kinds of political consumption are related to a range of conventional political behaviours. We find that, contrary to pessimistic views, political consumption is strongly correlated with conventional political behaviours. We do not find evidence for a crowding out or substitution effect of political consumption on conventional political behaviours. However, our findings suggest that political consumption is an individualized and relatively exclusive form of consumption, with demographic correlates that resemble other forms of high status cultural consumption and potentially limit its breadth.
Share, like and achieve: the power of Facebook to reach health‐related goals
Authors: de la Peña Alicia , Quintanilla Claudia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIndividuals set health goals all the time, but sometimes their intentions are not translated into actions. Even when authors like posit that individuals have the resources and skills needed to achieve the desired behavior, there are occasions when the individual seeks for support among from friends and relatives. Such support can come from several sources, one of them being specific self‐help groups, which are known to be part of a social movement that seeks to promote a social change by allowing individuals to improve their lifestyles and achieve physical and emotional well‐being. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the role social networking sites (SNS) play in providing individuals with a virtual community where they can meet with others in a non‐judgmental environment to share goals and challenges and together find tools and support to translate good intentions into specific actions and as well as accomplish health‐related goals. A Netnography of four SNS was conducted to understand how individuals get motivation and are motivated by SNS peers to consume a healthy diet and engage in physical activity in order to achieve their healthy goals. The Findings reveal that SNS offer individuals a virtual community where they can find encouragement, get answers to specific health‐related questions, and a place to share their success stories, which in turn can motivate others to achieve similar goals. Thus, the quest for health and well‐being can be easily embraced with the aid of digital media to reach millions of people who share similar goals and seek answers to their health‐related concerns.
The transformation of consumer movements through democratization and the development of civil society in Taiwan
Authors: Wahn I‐Liang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUsing the transformation of the Taiwanese consumer movement as a case study, this article examines how the development of civil society shapes different relationships between consumer organizations and other social movements. The article analyzes the influence of democratization in the 1990s on consumer attempts to seek policy protection and how following Taiwan's embracing of market deregulation in the 2000s consumers turned towards the promotion of ethical practices. The case highlights how the consumer organizations’ emergence, their policy contentions and co‐operation with women's, student and environmental movements developed alongside the fermentation of social movement organization, their institutionalization and diversification. The article argues that by relating the consumer to other socioeconomic groups, the consumer movement developed more critical perspectives and formed alliances to take more effective action in addressing market conditions and their social consequences.
Civic, cooperative or contrived? a functional approach to political consumerism motivations
Authors: Gotlieb Melissa R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe rise of political consumerism among young citizens as a means of promoting social change has sparked debate among scholars regarding the civic potential of such political practices enacted in the private sphere of everyday life. In particular, disagreement has centred on whether and the degree to which political consumerism privatizes politics and distracts citizens from collective engagement in the public sphere. The present research argues that understanding what drives political consumerism is key to resolving this debate. Accordingly, it draws across the multidisciplinary literature on political consumerism to identify the various symbolic motivations that underlie consumers’ use of ethical purchase considerations. Functional theory of attitudes is then applied as a framework for theorizing these motivations, and a scale is developed to measure value‐expressive, social‐identification and social‐approval motivations for political consumerism. The first two studies demonstrate the subscales are reliable and have good convergent and discriminant validity, and the third study demonstrates that increasing the salience of a particular motivation through the use of strategic messages alters how it relates to the use of ethical purchase considerations as well as broader involvement in a social cause. The significance of this research for understanding how political consumerism connects to broader participation in lifestyle movements is discussed.
Serological Detection of Members of the Potyviridae with Polyclonal Antisera
Authors: Richter J. , Proll E. , Rabenstein F. , Stanarius A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe cross‐reactivity of two polyclonal antisera with various members of the Potyviridae was determined using four different serological methods. An antiserum (no. 314) prepared against apparently intact turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) particles showed a high cross‐reactivity with all of 20 aphid‐borne potyviruses tested as well as the mite‐borne ryegrass mosaic rymovirus (RGMV) and the fungus‐borne barley mild mosaic bymovirus (BaMMV) with two of the four methods used (indirect PTA‐ELISA or IEM and Western blotting). In immunoelectron microscopic decoration, about two thirds of the viruses tested reacted positively whereas in the direct DAS‐ELISA only the homologous TuMV reacted positively.Another antiserum (no. 203) produced by using as immunogen a mixture of the dissociated core proteins of three trypsin‐treated potyviruses (potato A and V and plum pox viruses), reacted positively in both indirect ELISA and Western blotting with all aphid‐borne potyviruses and RGMV. No reactions were obtained with the other two methods. The causes for these different reactivities are discussed. Both antisera are useful for the detection of aphid‐borne potyviruses, but one (no. 314) is especially suitable for the detection of these viruses under routine conditions by use of a simple indirect PTA‐ELISA.
Ultrastructure of Calli from Resistant and Susceptible Chestnut Inoculated with Phytophthora cambivora
Authors: Casares A. , González A. , Tamés R. Sánchez 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe infection and colonization of calli from susceptible (Castanea sativa Miller) or resistant (C. crenata Sieb and Zucc.) chestnut by zoospores of Phytophthora cambivora (Petri) Buisman was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. P. cambivora grew more slowly over calli from C. crenata than C. sativa. In both calli the fungus penetrated along the surface fissures. In C. sativa callus, the fungus grew intercellularly and penetrated the host cells as a haustorium or intracellular hyphae. In callus from C. crenata the hyphae grew mostly intercellularly, due in part to the fact that the host cell formed wall appositions which made penetration difficult.
Optimization of RAPD‐PCR Fingerprinting to Analyse Genetic Variation Within Populations of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense
Authors: Bentley S. , Pegg K. G. , Dale J. L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGenetic variation among 11 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (FOC) was analysed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (RAPD‐PCR). The isolates represented three of the four FOC races and the seven vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) known to occur in Australia. Isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense were also compared to isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. gladioli, F. oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, F. moniliforme, Aspergillus niger and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. DNA was extracted from fungal mycelium and amplified by RAPD‐PCR using one of two single random 10‐mer primers; the primer sequences were chosen arbitrarily. The RAPD‐PCR products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis producing a characteristic banding pattern for each isolate. The genetic relatedness of the F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense isolates was determined by comparing the banding patterns generated by RAPD‐PCR. This RAPD‐PCR analysis revealed variation at all five levels of possible genetic relatedness examined. F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense could very easily be distinguished from the other fungi, and the three races and five VCGs of F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense could also be differentiated. Within F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, each isolate was scored for the presence or absence of each band (50 different bands were produced for primer SS01 and 59 different bands for primer RC09) and these data were clustered using the UPGMA method (unweighted pair‐group method, arithmetic average). UPGMA cluster analysis of the data generated by primer SS01 revealed two distinct clusters. One cluster contained race 4 isolates (VCGs 0120, 0129 and 01211) and the other cluster contained both race 1 (VCGs 0124, 0124/5 and 0125) and race 2 isolates (VCG 0128). Similar results were obtained with primer RC09. The banding patterns for each isolate were reproducible between experiments. These results indicated that RAPD‐PCR was a useful method for analysing genetic variation within F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Some of the advantages of this technique were that it was rapid, no sequence data were required to design the primers and no radioisotopes were required.