bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial pressure monitoring in severe head injury: compliance with Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines and effect on outcomes: a prospective study
Authors: Talving Peep , Karamanos Efstathios , Teixeira Pedro G. , Skiada Dimitra , Lam Lydia , Belzberg Howard , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: August 2013

Object
The Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) has established guidelines for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study assessed compliance with these guidelines and the effect on outcomes.

Methods
This is a prospective, observational study including patients with severe blunt TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 8, head Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥ 3) between January 2010 and December 2011. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory profile, head CT scans, injury severity indices, and interventions were collected. The study population was stratified into 2 study groups: ICP monitoring and no ICP monitoring. Primary outcomes included compliance with BTF guidelines, overall in-hospital mortality, and mortality due to brain herniation. Secondary outcomes were ICU and hospital lengths of stay. Multiple regression analyses were deployed to determine the effect of ICP monitoring on outcomes.

Results
A total of 216 patients met the BTF guideline criteria for ICP monitoring. Compliance with BTF guidelines was 46.8% (101 patients). Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and those who underwent craniectomy/craniotomy were significantly more likely to undergo ICP monitoring. Hypotension, coagulopathy, and increasing age were negatively associated with the placement of ICP monitoring devices. The overall in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients who did not undergo ICP monitoring (53.9% vs 32.7%, adjusted p = 0.019). Similarly, mortality due to brain herniation was significantly higher for the group not undergoing ICP monitoring (21.7% vs 12.9%, adjusted p = 0.046). The ICU and hospital lengths of stay were significantly longer in patients subjected to ICP monitoring.

Conclusions
Compliance with BTF ICP monitoring guidelines in our study sample was 46.8%. Patients managed according to the BTF ICP guidelines experienced significantly improved survival.
Factors predicting postoperative hyponatremia and efficacy of hyponatremia management strategies after more than 1000 pituitary operations
Authors: Jahangiri Arman , Wagner Jeffrey , Tran Mai T. , Miller Liane M. , Tom Maxwell W. , Kunwar Sandeep , Blevins Lewis , Aghi Manish K. 
Published: August 2013

Object
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion–induced hyponatremia is a common morbidity after pituitary surgery that can be profoundly symptomatic and cause costly readmissions. The authors calculated the frequency of postoperative hyponatremia after 1045 consecutive operations and determined the efficacy of interventions correcting hyponatremia.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of 1045 consecutive pituitary surgeries in the first 946 patients treated since forming a dedicated pituitary center 5 years ago. Patients underwent preoperative and daily inpatient sodium checks, with outpatient checks as needed.

Results
Thirty-two patients presented with hyponatremia; 41% of these patients were symptomatic. Postoperative hyponatremia occurred after 165 operations (16%) a mean of 4 days after surgery (range 0–28 days); 19% of operations leading to postoperative hyponatremia were associated with postoperative symptoms (38% involved dizziness and 29% involved nausea/vomiting) and 15% involved readmission for a mean of 5 days (range 1–20 days). In a multivariate analysis including lesion size, age, sex, number of prior pituitary surgeries, surgical approach, pathology, lesion location, and preoperative hypopituitarism, only preoperative hypopituitarism predicted postoperative hyponatremia (p = 0.006). Of patients with preoperative hyponatremia, 59% underwent medical correction preoperatively and 56% had persistent postoperative hyponatremia. The mean correction rates were 0.4 mEq/L/hr (no treatment; n = 112), 0.5 mEq/L/hr (free water restriction; n = 24), 0.7 mEq/L/hr (salt tablets; n = 14), 0.3 mEq/L/hr (3% saline; n = 20), 0.7 mEq/L/hr (intravenous vasopressin receptor antagonist Vaprisol; n = 22), and 1.2 mEq/L/hr (oral vasopressin receptor antagonist tolvaptan; n = 9) (p = 0.002, ANOVA). While some patients received more than 1 treatment, correction rates were only recorded when a treatment was given alone.

Conclusions
After 1045 pituitary operations, postoperative hyponatremia was associated exclusively with preoperative hypopituitarism and was most efficiently managed with oral tolvaptan, with several interventions insignificantly different from no treatment. Promptly identifying hyponatremia in high-risk patients and management with agents like tolvaptan can improve safety and decrease readmission. For readmitted patients with severely symptomatic hyponatremia, the intravenous vasopressin receptor antagonist Vaprisol is another treatment option.
Does HIV Infection Promote Early Kidney Injury in Women?
Authors: Jotwani Vasantha , Scherzer Rebecca , Abraham Alison , Estrella Michelle M , Bennett Michael , Devarajan Prasad , Anastos Kathryn , Cohen Mardge H , Nowicki Marek , Sharma Anjali , Young Mary , Tien Phyllis C , Grunfeld Carl , Parikh Chirag R , Shlipak Michael G 
Published: August 2013

Background In HIV-infected women, urine concentrations of novel tubulointerstitial injury markers, interleukin-18 (IL-18) and kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1), are associated with kidney function decline and all-cause mortality. We hypothesized that HIV-infected individuals with preserved kidney filtration function would have more extensive kidney injury, as determined by urine injury markers, compared to the uninfected controls, and that risk factors for tubulointerstitial injury would differ from risk factors for albuminuria. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we compared urine concentrations of IL-18, KIM-1 and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in 908 HIV-infected and 289 HIV-uninfected women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study, utilizing stored urine specimens from visits between 1999 and 2000. Results After multivariate-adjusted linear regression analysis, mean urine concentrations were higher in HIV-infected individuals by 38% for IL-18 ( P<0.0001), 12% for KIM-1 ( P=0.081) and 47% for ACR ( P<0.0001). Higher HIV RNA level (15% per 10-fold increase; P<0.0001), lower CD4+ lymphocyte count (8% per doubling; P=0.0025), HCV infection (30%; P=0.00018) and lower high-density lipoprotein (5% per 10 mg/dl; P=0.0024) were each associated with higher IL-18 concentrations. In contrast, hypertension (81%; P<0.0001) and diabetes (47%; P=0.018) were among the strongest predictors of higher ACR, though HIV RNA level (15% per 10-fold increase; P=0.0004) was also associated with higher ACR. Conclusions HIV-infected women had more extensive tubulointerstitial and glomerular injury than uninfected women, but the associated factors differed among the urine biomarkers. Combinations of urinary biomarkers should be investigated to further characterize early kidney injury in HIV-infected women.
Famille contemporaine et psychopathologie : à partir de l'exemple Colombien
Authors: Santacruz Oleas Hernán , Gómez Sara Ardila 
Published: August 2013

Résumé Cette réflexion a pour but de faire le point sur les caractéristiques actuelles et passées de la famille colombienne. Une attention toute particulière est accordée aux raisons susceptibles d’expliquer les modifications survenues et qui seraient à mettre en rapport avec les transformations démographiques et culturelles, notamment au cours du dernier quart de siècle. C’est aussi une critique contre l’obligation qu’il y aurait d’adopter, comme modèle de famille, celui de la famille occidentale. En effet, il semble clair que des modèles de famille non conventionnels sont sous-jacents aux « familles dysfonctionnelles ». Ce constat semble d’autant plus important que la famille tend à reproduire sa propre structure et qu’elle est à l’origine d’une partie importante des caractéristiques de la personnalité et de la santé mentale de ses nouveaux membres. Vraisemblablement, ce phénomène est-il aussi présent dans d’autres sociétés au passé colonial. C’est pourquoi il nous a semblé pertinent de le présenter, en décrivant ses nuances et en signalant les conflits qu’il génère.
L'adolescent dans une société violente
Authors: Rojas-Urrego Alejandro 
Published: August 2013

Résumé Chute – Atterrissage – Ascension constituent à l’adolescence un processus qui comporte toujours une certaine dimension de violence. Mais cette dernière peut se pencher soit du côté du non-être, du non-sens, du détruire et de la mort, soit du côté de l’être, du sens, du créer et de la vie. L’opposition entre les forces de liaison et de déliaison du sujet joue un rôle déterminant dans un tel mouvement. Il en est de même pour la part tenue par l’entourage familial et le contexte socioculturel. Or souvent la violence est présente dans ce dernier, parfois de façon massive. Tel est le cas de la Colombie d’aujourd’hui. A partir de son « épreuve du quotidien » dans un tel pays et de son travail de clinicien avec des adolescents confrontés à la violence, l’auteur cherche à abstraire quatre modalités d’entrave au processus de subjectivation inhérent à cette période de la vie. Leur portée parvient néanmoins à transcender le seul contexte local et peut s’avérer pertinente pour d’autres situations, dans l’ailleurs. L’auteur soutient, pour terminer, quelques hypothèses sur la possibilité qui reste ouverte, malgré les circonstances, pour que les adolescents confrontés à la violence deviennent des sujets vivants et créatifs. C’est la prise de conscience de la violence et ses dangers et la lutte contre les fléaux – et non la violence - qui sont force vitale et source d’espoir. La participation de l’autre est essentielle dans une telle tâche.
A Microgeographic Analysis of Physical Activity Behavior within Elementary School Grounds
Authors: Anthamatten Peter , Fiene Erin , Kutchman Eve , Mainar Melanie , Brink Lois , Browning Ray , Nigg Claudio R. 
Published: August 2013

Purpose. There is little scholarship on physical activity among children within outdoor spaces and work is needed to advance the design of these spaces from “best practices” towards evidence-based design. This project examined how playground feature density relates to children's physical activity. Design. We used the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity to observe children's physical activity. Setting. We observed children during school recess on 24 school grounds in the Denver metropolitan area of Colorado, in spring of 2010 and 2011. Subjects. A total of 31,069 observations were made from an estimated 9900 children aged 5 to 12. These were aggregated and analyzed in 397 playground zones. Measures. We examined utilization, the number of children present in a particular activity zone during an observation, and the percentage of children engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity as they relate to the density of constructed features on school playgrounds. Analysis. Ordinary least-squares linear regression model assessed the relationship between playground feature density and the utilization and moderate to vigorous physical activity. Results. Significant positive associations were observed between utilization and feature density among all children (β = .20; p < .001) and a statistically significant but small association was observed between moderate to vigorous physical activity and feature density for girls (β = .12; p = .013), but not for boys. Conclusion. This analysis contributes to evidence that design features of play spaces may influence children's behavior within school grounds.
A Case of Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Prominent Kyphosis Resulting in Compression of the Intestine by the Costal Arch
Authors: Yoneyama Satoshi , Kato Takehito , Yumoto Tetsuya , Ohwada Masami , Terashima Toru , Koizumi Masanori , Ueki Hamaichi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
An 85-year-old woman with no history of abdominal surgery complained of abdominal pain and vomiting and was referred to us with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction a few days later. Upon admission to our facility, she presented with marked abdominal swelling and prominent kyphosis. Because of the kyphosis, most of the dilated bowel was compressing her thoracic cavity. No obvious strangulation or free air was observed via abdominal computed tomography imaging. We attempted decompression using a nasogastric tube, but the symptoms persisted. Surgery was performed 2 days after admission. The origin of the obstruction was a compression of the ileocecal region by the costal arch. The bowel was discolored, and thus surgically excised. There were no major postsurgical complications other than a mild wound infection. Until now, there have been no reports of advanced kyphosis inducing ileus, but there are concerns of an increase in similar cases as society continues to age.
Abdominal Schwannomas: Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Shelat Vishal G. , Li Kelvin , Naik Shailesh , Ng Chee Yung , Rao Nandini , Rao Jaideepraj , Koura Aaryan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Schwannomas are rare tumors that arise from Schwann cells in neural sheaths. They are commonly found in the central nervous system, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves of the body. Occasionally, they occur in the gastrointestinal tract, with the stomach being the most common site. However, colorectal and retroperitoneal schwannomas are very rare. Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult and definitive treatment entails surgical excision. We herein present 3 cases of intraabdominal schwannomas.
Bilateral Lower Limb Edema Caused by Compression of the Retrohepatic Inferior Vena Cava by a Giant Hepatic Hemangioma
Authors: Akbulut Sami , Yilmaz Mehmet , Kahraman Aysegul , Yilmaz Sezai 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Hemangiomas are the most common benign primary tumors of the liver and their prevalence ranges from 0.4% to 20%. Approximately 85% of hemangiomas are clinically asymptomatic and are incidentally detected in imaging studies performed for other causes. In a very small minority of patients, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, distension, palpable mass, obstructive jaundice, bleeding, and signs and symptoms of Budd-Chiari syndrome may develop due to compression of bile duct, hepatic vein, portal vein, and adjacent organs. Occasionally, external compression of inferior vena cava may lead to edema and/or indirect symptoms such as deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. In this report, we present a case of giant hepatic hemangioma that completely filled the right lobe of the liver. The patient presented with bilateral lower limb edema and pain. A computed tomography scan detected a 9 × 11 × 12 cm mass indicative of a hemangioma in the right lobe of the liver that compressed the inferior vena cava. The patient refused treatment initially but returned 6 months later presenting with the same symptoms. At that time, the mass had increased in size and a hepatectomy was performed, preserving the middle hepatic vein. By postoperative month 13, the swelling in the lower extremities had decreased significantly and the inferior vena cava appeared normal.
Effect of Heat Treatment and of Primary Austenite Grain Size on the Minimum Size of Detectable Defect on 26NiCrMoV11.5 High Strength Steel
Authors: Barella Silvia , Gruttadauria Andrea , Mapelli Carlo , Mombelli Davide , Fanezi Claudia Lisiane , Fioletti Fabio , Formentelli Michele , Guarneri Margherita 
Published: August 2013

This study is focused on the sensitivity of ultra‐sonic test (UT) performed on special carbon steel as a function of their microstructure. UTs was carried out on several samples divided into two families and featured by different process‐histories. The estimation of the attenuation of the ultrasonic signals as a function of the microstructural features was performed. The samples underwent different thermal treatments to modify their parent austenite grain size and the associated martensite islands by re‐austenitization process and by the following grain growth.The difference of UT results mainly depends upon the wave scattering and the energy absorption due to the difference in the grain size and in the crystal lattice orientation.
Upconversion‐Nanophosphor‐Based Functional Nanocomposites
Authors: Feng Wei , Han Chunmiao , Li Fuyou 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUpconversion nanophosphors have the ability to generate visible or near‐infrared (NIR) emissions under continuous‐wave NIR excitation. Utilizing this special photoluminescent properties, upconversion nanophosphors can be used as key components in complex nanocomposites for a wide range of applications. This review summarizes the basic concept, fabrication strategy, and typical application of upconversion‐nanophosphor‐based functional nanocomposites. The motivation to design these structures comes from the potential applications in detection, multi‐modality bioimaging, and NIR light‐induced therapy, as well as the tuning of the upconversion luminescence emissions. This review will give a brief summary of this rapidly developing field, and provide guidance to design and to fabricate new nanocomposites based on upconversion nanophosphors.
Increases of ferrous iron oxidation activity and arsenic stressed cell growth by overexpression of Cyc2 in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidansATCC19859
Authors: Liu Wei , Lin Jianqun , Pang Xin , Mi Shuang , Cui Shuang , Lin Jianqiang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans plays an important role in bioleaching in reproducing the mineral oxidant of ferric iron (Fe3+) by oxidization of ferrous iron (Fe2+). The high‐molecular‐weight c‐type cytochrome Cyc2 that is located in the external membrane is postulated as the first electron carrier in the Fe2+ oxidation respiratory pathway of A. ferrooxidans. To increase ferrous iron oxidation activity, a recombinant plasmid pTCYC2 containing cyc2 gene under the control of Ptac promoter was constructed and transferred into A. ferrooxidans ATCC19859. The transcriptional level of cyc2 gene was increased by 2.63‐fold and Cyc2 protein expression was observed in the recombinant strain compared with the control. The ferrous iron oxidation activity and the arsenic stressed cell growth of the recombinant strain were also elevated.
The in‐line measurement of plant cell biomass using radio frequency impedance spectroscopy as a component of process analytical technology
Authors: Holland Tanja , Blessing Daniel , Hellwig Stephan , Sack Markus 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRadio frequency impedance spectroscopy (RFIS) is a robust method for the determination of cell biomass during fermentation. RFIS allows non‐invasive in‐line monitoring of the passive electrical properties of cells in suspension and can distinguish between living and dead cells based on their distinct behavior in an applied radio frequency field. We used continuous in situ RFIS to monitor batch‐cultivated plant suspension cell cultures in stirred‐tank bioreactors and compared the in‐line data to conventional off‐line measurements. RFIS‐based analysis was more rapid and more accurate than conventional biomass determination, and was sensitive to changes in cell viability. The higher resolution of the in‐line measurement revealed subtle changes in cell growth which were not accessible using conventional methods. Thus, RFIS is well suited for correlating such changes with intracellular states and product accumulation, providing unique opportunities for employing systems biotechnology and process analytical technology approaches to increase product yield and quality.
Recovery of Chinese hamster ovary host cell proteins for proteomic analysis
Authors: Valente Kristin N. , Schaefer Amy K. , Kempton Hannah R. , Lenhoff Abraham M. , Lee Kelvin H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIdentification and characterization of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) host cell protein (HCP) impurities by proteomic techniques can aid bioprocess design and lead to more efficient development and improved biopharmaceutical manufacturing operations. Recovery of extracellular CHO HCP for proteomic analysis is particularly challenging due to the relatively low protein concentration and complex composition of media. In this article, we report the development of optimized protocols that improve proteome capture for CHO HCP. Eleven precipitation protocols were screened for protein recovery and optimized for a subset of precipitants by a design of experiments (DOE) approach. Because total protein recovery does not fully replicate a proteomics experiment, or detect non‐protein agents that may interfere with proteomic methods, a subset of precipitation conditions were compared by two‐dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, with optimized recovery shown to differ between the two proteomic methods. This work demonstrates broadly applicable methods that can be applied as initial steps to optimize sample preparation of any sample type for proteomic analysis, and presents optimized precipitation protocols for extracellular CHO HCP recovery, which can vary appreciably between gel‐based and shotgun proteomic methods.
A surface‐tethered spheroid model for functional evaluation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Turner Paul A. , Harris Lacey M. , Purser Christine A. , Baker Rodney C. , Janorkar Amol V. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to effectively treat obesity, it must be better understood at the cellular level with respect to metabolic state and environmental stress. However, current two‐dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture methods do not represent the in vivo adipose tissue appropriately due to the absence of complex architecture and cellular signaling. Conversely, 3D in vitro cultures have been reported to have optimal results mimicking the adipose tissue in vivo. The main aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a novel conjugate of a genetically engineered polymer, elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) and a synthetic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), toward creating a 3D preadipocyte culture system. We then used this 3D culture model to study the preadipocyte differentiation and adipocyte maintenance processes when subjected to various dosages of nutritionally relevant free fatty acids with respect to total DNA and protein content, cell viability, and intracellular triglyceride accumulation. Our results showed that 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes cultured on the ELP‐PEI surface formed 3D spheroids within 72 h, whereas the cells cultured on unmodified tissue culture polystyrene surfaces remained in monolayer configuration. Significant statistical differences were discovered between the 3D spheroid and 2D monolayer culture with respect to the DNA and protein content, fatty acid consumption, and triglyceride accumulation, indicating differences in cellular response. Results indicated that the 3D culture may be a more sensitive modeling technique for in vitro adipocyte culture and provides a platform for future evaluation of 3D in vitro adipocyte function. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 174–183. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.