bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Efficiency of Ozonated Water Washing to Inactivate Salmonella enterica Typhimurium on Green Onions, Grape Tomatoes, and Green Leaf Lettuces
Authors: Xu Wenqing , Wu Changqing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOzonated water washing is one of the emerging techniques to inactivate foodborne pathogens on produce, and limited information is available to optimize processing parameters (treatment time, temperature, and pH) to improve ozone efficacy on Salmonella inactivation for different produce. The efficacy of ozonated water washing for inactivation of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium on green onions, grape tomatoes and green leaf lettuces were studied in our research. Surface inoculated fresh produce were washed by ozonated water for 1, 5, or 10 min at room temperature and pH 5.60 ± 0.03. Then efficacy of ozonated water washing at mild heated (50 °C) and refrigerated (4 °C) temperature for 5 min with pH 5.60 ± 0.03 was investigated. Salmonella inactivation efficacy under pH 5.60 ± 0.03 and 2.64 ± 0.02 with 5 min washing at room temperature were also compared. Our results showed that Salmonella inactivation by ozonated water was time‐dependent for 3 fresh produce. Mild heated temperature (50 °C) and pH 2.64 ± 0.02 improved efficacy of ozonated water to inactivate Salmonella on tomatoes and lettuces, but not on green onions. It is suggested that different surface structures of fresh produce significantly impact the antimicrobial efficacy of ozonated water washing operated under various parameters (time, temperature, and pH).Practical ApplicationWashing is the essential step for green onions and lettuces in the packinghouse and grape tomatoes in the restaurants and grocery stores having salad bars. Ozonated water can be used as disinfectant to reduce microbial contamination (FDA). The effectiveness of this disinfectant depends on the type of product and treatment conditions, such as water temperature, acidity, contact time. Our study showed that Salmonella inactivation by ozonated water washing was time‐dependent. Mild heat and low pH improved inactivation efficacy on tomatoes and lettuces, but not on green onions. Processors should consider adjustments that are most appropriate for their produce.
Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐5: Novel mediator of insulin and tumor necrosis factor α‐stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 expression in vascular cells 细胞外信号调节激酶‐5：一种新的调节胰岛素与肿瘤坏死因子α刺激下的血管细胞上的血管细胞粘附分子‐1表达的介质
Authors: Mackesy Daniel Z. , Goalstone Marc L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAtherosclerosis may be stimulated by the increased presence of insulin and tumor necrosis‐factor‐α (TNFα) with subsequent expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1). We hypothesized that extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐5 (ERK5) plays an important role in insulin and TNFα‐stimulated total and cell surface VCAM‐1 expression.MethodsRat aorta vascular endothelial cells were first transfected with either no inhibitory RNA, inactive (scrambled) inhibitory ERK5 RNA (scERK5) or active inhibitory ERK5 RNA (siERK5) and then treated with either (i) no analog; (ii) insulin (1 nM), or TNFα (1 ng/mL) alone, or (iii) insulin plus TNFα for 6 h. Thereafter either total VCAM‐1 protein or surface VCAM‐1 protein was determined.ResultsGenetic inhibition of ERK5 decreased TNFα‐stimulated total VCAM‐1 expression by 57% and surface expression by 27%. In contrast, genetic inhibition of ERK5 did not significantly decrease insulin‐stimulated total or surface VCAM‐1 expression. Interestingly, genetic inhibition of ERK5 did not significantly decrease insulin plus TNFα‐stimulated total VCAM‐1 expression, but significantly (P < 0.05) decreased insulin plus TNFα‐stimulated surface VCAM‐1 expression 41%.ConclusionsWe report here that ERK5 plays a minor role in insulin‐stimulation of VCAM‐1, but plays a significant role in TNFα‐stimulation of both total and cell surface VCAM‐1 protein expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that not only does ERK5 have differential mediation of insulin and TNFα‐stimulated VCAM‐1 expression, but also has differential regulation of insulin plus TNFα‐stimulated total and surface VCAM‐1 expression, suggesting that other intermediates of the insulin and TNFα intracellular pathways are contributing to atherogenesis.
Effective notification of important non‐urgent radiology results: A qualitative study of challenges and potential solutions
Authors: Georgiou Andrew , Hordern Antonia , Dimigen Marion , Zogovic Branimir , Callen Joanne , Schlaphoff Glen , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionWe report on the implementation of a Radiology Notification System (RNS), set up by the medical imaging department of a major Sydney teaching hospital in March 2010. This study aimed to investigate the views of the medical imaging department staff about: (i) the results follow‐up problem encountered by the medical imaging department prior to the implementation of the RNS; (ii) what changes occurred following implementation of the RNS; and (iii) suggestions for improving the RNS.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional qualitative study incorporating semi‐structured interviews with 16 staff (15 radiologists and 1 clerk) after the implementation of the RNS. Interviews were conducted in August/September 2011.ResultsThe reasons behind the development of the RNS were related to: (i) major existing problems with the communication of results between the imaging department and hospital wards; (ii) cumbersome and inefficient paper‐based notification systems; and (iii) the absence of standardised guidelines and procedures for radiology test notification and follow‐up. The RNS managed to free up a significant proportion of radiologist time, resulting in greater efficiencies. Study participants also highlighted a number of areas for improvement, including the need for a 24‐h service, feedback and acknowledgement of test results by clinicians and the standardisation of test management definitions and procedures.ConclusionTest management systems can play an important part in enhancing safe and effective communications between wards and hospital departments. However, their uptake and sustainability will require the establishment of a multidisciplinary and hospital‐wide collaboration that includes clinicians.
The impact of hepatitis C burden: an evidence‐based approach
Authors: Younossi Z. M. , Kanwal F. , Saab S. , Brown K. A. , El‐Serag H. B. , Kim W. R. , Ahmed A. , Kugelmas M. , Gordon S. C. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundInfection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been considered a major cause of mortality, morbidity and resource utilisation in the US. In addition, HCV is the main cause of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in the US. Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of HCV, including new recommendations pertaining to screening for HCV by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and newer treatment regimens with high efficacy, short duration and the potential for interferon‐free therapies, have energised the health care practitioners regarding HCV management.AimTo assess the full impact of HCV burden on clinical, economic and patient‐reported outcomes.MethodsAn expert panel was convened to assess the full impact of HCV burden on a number of important outcomes using an evidence‐based approach predicated on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. The literature was summarised, graded using an evidence‐based approach and presented during the workshop. Workshop presentations were intended to review recent, relevant evidence‐based literature and provide graded summary statements pertaining to HCV burden on topics including the relationships between HCV and the development of important outcomes.ResultsThe associations of HCV with cirrhosis, HCC, liver‐related mortality, type 2 diabetes mellitus, rheumatological diseases and quality of life impairments are supported by strong evidence. Also, there is strong evidence that sustained viral eradication of HCV can improve important outcomes such as mortality and quality of life.ConclusionsThe current evidence suggests that HCV has been associated with tremendous clinical, economic and quality of life burden.
Combining ecological, social and technical criteria to select species for forest restoration
Authors: Meli Paula , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel , Rey‐Benayas José María , Carabias Julia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractQuestionHow to evaluate and integrate relevant ecological, social and technical criteria to select species to be introduced in restoration projects of highly diverse ecosystems such as tropical riparian forests.LocationRiparian forest, Marqués de Comillas municipality, southeast Mexico (16°54′N, 92°05′W).MethodsWe proposed a ‘species selection index’ (SSI) using five independent criteria related to ecological, social and technical information.SSItargeted species that (1) are important in the reference forest; (2) are less likely to establish following disturbance; (3) are not specific to a particular habitat; (4) are socially accepted; and (5) their propagation requires a reasonable time and financial investment.SSImay range between zero and 50, with higher values meaning higher potential for restoration purposes.ResultsOut of a local pool of 97 species, we identified 30 target tree species that together represented >60% of total importance value index in the reference riparian forests.SSIaveraged 28.3 ± 1.0 over the studied species, suggesting that species with high values are not frequent. For 20 species, reintroduction by means of active forest restoration was deemed necessary. Species that established through natural regeneration, following secondary regrowth, had lower social value among local farmers. Nearly half of the identified species showed technical constraints for easy propagation and seeding.ConclusionsThe proposed procedure is useful for selecting species to initiate forest restoration projects and of other woody ecosystems that harbour high biodiversity, and is suitable for several stakeholders interested in restoration.
More than beliefs: Subject areas and teachers' integration of laptops in secondary teaching
Authors: Howard Sarah K. , Chan Amy , Caputi Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship of subject areas to teachers' technology integration. Educational technology research has often identified “culture clashes” to explain differences in technology use between subject areas. These clashes are frequently attributed to core features, values and beliefs held in the subject area cultures, but there has been little research analyzing the relationship between subject areas and integration. Using a validated path model as a conceptual framework, this paper presents an analysis of the relationship between three subject areas (English, Mathematics, Science) and known factors of teacher beliefs and readiness to use technology in teaching, which directly impact on secondary‐level teachers' technology integration, over three years. Findings show that time and subject areas are both associated with teachers' readiness, but only subject areas are associated with teachers' beliefs. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Survival benefit of definitive therapy in patients with clinically advanced prostate cancer: estimations of the number needed to treat based on competing‐risks analysis
Authors: Gandaglia Giorgio , Sun Maxine , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Becker Andreas , Schiffmann Jonas , Hu Jim C. , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Perrotte Paul , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Abdollah Firas 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the survival benefit associated with radical prostatectomy (RP), as compared with initial observation, in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa).Patients and MethodsOverall, 1382 patients with locally advanced PCa treated with RP or initial observation between 1995 and 2009 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Medicare insurance programme‐linked database. Patients were matched using propensity‐score methodology, then 10‐year cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) rates were estimated and the number needed to treat (NNT) was calculated. Competing‐risks regression analyses tested the relationship between treatment type and CSM.ResultsOverall, the 10‐year CSM rates were 11.8 and 19.3% for patients treated with RP and initial observation, respectively (P < 0.001). The corresponding 10‐year NNT was 13. The 10‐year CSM rates for the same treatment groups were 8.9 vs 13.9%, respectively, for Gleason score ≤7, 16.8 vs 27.8%, respectively, for Gleason score 8–10, 10.1 vs 15.8%, respectively, for clinical stage T3a, and 17.0 vs 29.3%, respectively, for T3b/T4, respectively (all P ≤ 0.04). The corresponding NNTs were 20, 9, 17 and 8, respectively. In multivariable analyses, RP was an independent predictor of more favourable CSM rates in all categories (all P ≤ 0.04). In separate sensitivity analyses, no differences were recorded when patients treated with radiotherapy were compared with those receiving RP (P = 0.4). Conversely, patients undergoing initial observation had a higher risk of CSM compared with those treated with radiotherapy (P = 0.03).ConclusionsRP leads to a significant survival advantage compared with observation in patients with locally advanced disease. The highest benefit was observed in patients with T3b/T4 and Gleason score 8–10 disease.
Taxation and Market Power
Authors: Konrad Kai A. , Morath Florian , Müller Wieland 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe analyze the incidence and welfare effects of unit sales tax increases in experimental monopoly and Bertrand markets. We find, in line with economic theory, that firms with no market power are able to shift a high share of the tax burden to consumers, independent of whether buyers are automated or human players. In monopoly markets, a monopolist bears a large share of the burden of a tax increase. With human buyers, however, this share is smaller than with automated buyers, as the presence of human buyers constrains the pricing behaviour of a monopolist. Several control treatments corroborate this finding.
Exclusion via Non‐Exclusive Contracts
Authors: Semenov Aggey , Wright Julian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe establish that non‐linear vertical contracts can allow an incumbent to exclude an upstream rival in a setting that does not rely on the exclusivity of the incumbent's contracts with downstream firms or any limits on distribution channels available to the incumbent or rival. The optimal contract we describe is a three‐part quantity discounting contract that involves the payment of an allowance to a downstream distributor and a marginal wholesale price below the incumbent's marginal cost for sufficiently large quantities. The optimal contract is robust to allowing parties to renegotiate contracts in case of entry.
Incentives for Journal Editors
Authors: Kim Jinyoung , Koh Kanghyock 
Published: January 2014

AbstractScholars may become journal editors because editors may generate more citations of their own works. This paper empirically establishes that a scholar's publications are more likely to be cited by papers in a journal that is edited by the scholar. We then test if editors exercise influence on authors to cite editors’ papers by either pressuring authors (“editor‐pressure” hypothesis) or accepting articles with references to the editors’ papers (“editor‐selection” hypothesis), by using the keyword analysis and the forward citation analysis, respectively. We find no evidence for the two hypotheses, which leaves self‐selection as a possible cause for the editor effect. JEL classification: J01
Plaque Accumulation Beneath Maxillary All‐on‐4™ Implant‐Supported Prostheses
Authors: Abi Nader Samer , Eimar Hazem , Momani Moath , Shang Ke , Daniel Nach G. , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundMaxillary prostheses supported by four implants, following the All‐on‐4™ principles, have become an accepted effective treatment for totally edentulous patients. Maintaining the hygiene of such fixed implant‐supported prostheses is challenging.PurposeThe purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the distribution of plaque on the fitting surface of All‐on‐4 fixed prostheses in order to find new strategies for maintaining their hygiene.Materials and MethodsTwenty All‐on‐4 maxillary fixed prostheses collected from 20 patients, 6 months after delivery, were stained with methylene blue to disclose plaque accumulation at the fitting surfaces of the prostheses. Digital photographs of the fitting surfaces of the prostheses were recorded and processed. The distribution of accumulated plaque was evaluated statistically.ResultsThe average percentage of area covered with plaque was 28 ± 8% of the total area of the fitting surface of the prostheses. The fitting surfaces of the prostheses had three times more plaque on the palatal area (52.5 ± 7.33%) than on the buccal area (17.3 ± 7.33%, p < .05). The interimplant proximal areas of the fitting surface covered with plaque were high when the distance between implants was short (r = −0.326, p = .014).ConclusionThese findings suggest that the hygiene of the All‐on‐4 prostheses could be improved by maximizing the distances between the inserted implants in the jaw, minimizing the prostheses' palatal extension and guiding patients to optimize their oral hygiene practices targeting the palatal area of their prostheses.
Early postoperative mortality after surgery for rectal cancer in Sweden, 2000–2011
Authors: Rutegård M. , Haapamäki M. , Matthiessen P. , Rutegård J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimPostoperative mortality has traditionally been defined as death within 30 days of surgery. Such mortality after rectal cancer resection has declined significantly during the last decades. However, it is possible that this decline can be explained merely by a shift towards an increase in 90‐day mortality.MethodA nationwide cohort study was based on data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and the Swedish Patient Registry concerning patients who had undergone surgical resection for rectal cancer in 2000–2011. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs with 95% CIs regarding mortality in different calendar periods (2000–2003, 2004–2007 and 2008–2011) in two different postoperative time periods (0–30 days and 31–90 days).ResultsSome 15 437 patients were included in this surgical cohort. Mortality within 30 days of surgery decreased from 2.1% in 2000–2003 to 1.6% in 2008–2011, whilst the corresponding mortality within the 31‐ to 90‐day time window decreased from 2.1% to 1.4%. The adjusted risk of 30‐day mortality in 2008–2011 was statistically significantly decreased compared with that in 2000–2003 (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48–0.93) and mortality in the 31‐ to 90‐day time window was also reduced for 2008–2011 compared with 2000–2003 (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51–0.99).ConclusionThis population‐based, nationwide Swedish study indicates that postoperative mortality, as measured within 30 days and 31–90 days after surgery, has decreased with time. However, no relevant shift from earlier to later postoperative mortality was discerned.
Improvement of the cytological diagnostic accuracy of follicular thyroid lesions by the use of the Ki‐67 proliferative index in addition to cytokeratin‐19 and HBME‐1 immunomarkers: a study of 61 cases of liquid‐based FNA cytology with histological controls
Authors: Lacoste‐Collin L. , d'Aure D. , Bérard E. , Rouquette I. , Delisle M. B. , Courtade‐Saïdi M. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate HBME‐1, cytokeratin‐19 (CK‐19) and Ki‐67 immunomarkers in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.MethodsImmunocytochemistry against HBME‐1, CK‐19 and Ki‐67 was performed on 123 thyroid FNAs processed by liquid‐based cytology (LBC). Statistical analysis was carried out on 61 cases with histological control and sufficient material for one or more of the three markers. The Bethesda System was used for cytological diagnosis.ResultsTaking into account all the cytological categories, with a cut‐off of 30% of positive cells, HBME‐1 (n = 47) and CK‐19 (n = 53) showed a sensitivity for malignancy of 66.7% (95% confidence interval, 53.2–80.1) and 90.5% (82.6–98.4) and a specificity of 90.6% (82.3–99) and 75% (63.3–86.7), respectively. For Ki‐67 (n = 54) with a cut‐off of 1% of positive cells, the sensitivity was 85.0% (75.5–94.5) and the specificity 70.6% (58.4–82.7). In the follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) category (n = 37), which was the focus of the study, papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) were less numerous (four cases, three of which were the follicular variant), the positivity of the three immunomarkers combined showed an overall accuracy of 91% (21/23). The mean percentage of Ki‐67‐positive cells was increased in malignant lesions, with the exception of follicular variant PTCs: 16% ± 15.6% in two follicular carcinomas, 4.8% ± 3.2% in 13 classical PTCs, 1% ± 1.2% in five follicular variant PTCs and 0.5% ± 1.9% in 34 non‐malignant lesions.ConclusionsImmunocytochemistry using HBME‐1, CK‐19 and the Ki‐67 proliferative index increased the diagnostic accuracy of FNA in the FN/SFN category of the Bethesda System, which may help to distinguish lesions in this category with a low or high risk of malignancy. Thus, clinical management would be improved.
Natural and artificial envenomation of Ceratitis capitata by Eupelmus urozonus and the search for new bioinsecticides
Authors: Moretti Riccardo , Calvitti Maurizio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study was designed to indentify novel bioactive molecules in the venom of the parasitoid Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae). Parasitism by E. urozonus induces apparent paralysis in the larvae of the host Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and it arrests the development of host pupae. Parasitoid eggs were transferred from stung to unparasitized host pupae to determine whether adult female stings or bites from the first instars were responsible for the above effects. The two treatments gave the same results, indicating that both parasitoid adults and larvae produced venoms capable to compromise host development. A protocol was developed to artificially microinject E. urozonus venom into healthy host pupae and adults at known concentrations to study the effects. The microinjection of venom was found to produce the same macroscopic result as natural parasitization, indicating that host developmental arrest was caused by molecules produced by the parasitoid venom glands. One‐tenth, one‐twentieth, and one‐hundredth of the contents of a female venom reservoir was sufficient to compromise the development of 100, 90, and 50% of the microinjected host pupae, respectively. The microinjection of 0.1 female venom equivalents into host adults always caused death within 24 h. Extraction and freezing did not affect the activity of the E. urozonus venom, which facilitates its storage, whereas denaturation treatments demonstrated that the bioactive molecules were proteins. The venom was also found to prevent the hosts from decaying for over 2 weeks and it promoted the accumulation of unknown subspherical granules in the host haemocoel. These results suggest the potential identification of novel molecules with interesting biological activity with various possible applications.