bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing Two‐character Interactions by Merging Captured Interaction Samples with their Spacetime Relationships
Authors: Chan Jacky C.P. , Tang Jeff K.T. , Leung Howard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExisting synthesis methods for closely interacting virtual characters relied on user‐specified constraints such as the reaching positions and the distance between body parts. In this paper, we present a novel method for synthesizing new interacting motion by composing two existing interacting motion samples without the need to specify the constraints manually. Our method automatically detects the type of interactions contained in the inputs and determines a suitable timing for the interaction composition by analyzing the spacetime relationships of the input characters. To preserve the features of the inputs in the synthesized interaction, the two inputs will be aligned and normalized according to the relative distance and orientation of the characters from the inputs. With a linear optimization method, the output is the optimal solution to preserve the close interaction of two characters and the local details of individual character behavior. The output animations demonstrated that our method is able to create interactions of new styles that combine the characteristics of the original inputs.
TrayGen: Arranging Objects for Exhibition and Packaging
Authors: Yang Yong‐Liang , Huang Qi‐Xing 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present a framework, called TrayGen, to generate tray designs for the exhibition and packaging of a collection of objects. Based on principles from shape perception and visual merchandising, we abstract a number of design guidelines on how to organize the objects on the tray for the exhibition of their individual features and mutual relationships. Our framework realizes these guidelines by analyzing geometric shapes of the objects and optimizing their arrangement. We demonstrate that the resultant tray designs not only save space, but also highlight the characteristic of each object and the inter‐relations between objects.
Learning and Applying Color Styles From Feature Films
Authors: Xue S. , Agarwala A. , Dorsey J. , Rushmeier H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDirectors employ a process called “color grading” to add color styles to feature films. Color grading is used for a number of reasons, such as accentuating a certain emotion or expressing the signature look of a director. We collect a database of feature film clips and label them with tags such as director, emotion, and genre. We then learn a model that maps from the low‐level color and tone properties of film clips to the associated labels. This model allows us to examine a number of common hypotheses on the use of color to achieve goals, such as specific emotions. We also describe a method to apply our learned color styles to new images and videos. Along with our analysis of color grading techniques, we demonstrate a number of images and videos that are automatically filtered to resemble certain film styles.
Dissociation between small and large numerosities in newborn infants
Authors: Coubart Aurélie , Izard Véronique , Spelke Elizabeth S. , Marie Julien , Streri Arlette 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the first year of life, infants possess two cognitive systems encoding numerical information: one for processing the numerosity of sets of 4 or more items, and the second for tracking up to 3 objects in parallel. While a previous study showed the former system to be already present a few hours after birth, it is unknown whether the latter system is functional at this age. Here, we adapt the auditory‐visual matching paradigm that previously revealed sensitivity to large numerosities to test sensitivity to numerosities spanning the range from 2 to 12. Across studies, newborns discriminated pairs of large numerosities in a 3:1 ratio, even when the smaller numerosity was 3 (3 vs. 9). In contrast, newborn infants failed to discriminate pairs including the numerosity 2, even at the same ratio (2 vs. 6). These findings mirror the dissociation that has been reported with older infants, albeit with a discontinuity situated between numerosities 2 and 3. Two alternative explanations are compatible with our results: either newborn infants have a separate system for processing small sets, and the capacity of this system is limited to 2 objects; or newborn infants possess only one system to represent numerosities, and this system either is not functional or is extremely imprecise when it is applied to small numerosities.
Typical and atypical phenotypes of PNPO deficiency with elevated CSF and plasma pyridoxamine on treatment
Authors: Ware Tyson L , Earl John , Salomons Gajja S , Struys Eduard A , Peters Heidi L , Howell Katherine B , Pitt James J , Freeman Jeremy L 
Published: November 2013

Pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency causes severe early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and has been characterized as responding to pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate but not to pyridoxine. Two males with PNPO deficiency and novel PNPO mutations are reported and their clinical, metabolic, and video‐electroencephalographic (EEG) findings described. The first child showed electro‐clinical responses to pyridoxine and deterioration when pyridoxine was withheld. At last review, he has well‐controlled epilepsy with pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate monotherapy and an autism spectrum disorder. The second child had a perinatal middle cerebral artery infarct and a myoclonic encephalopathy. He failed to respond to pyridoxine but responded well to pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate. At the age of 21 months he has global developmental delay and hemiparesis but is seizure‐free with pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate monotherapy. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pyridoxamine levels were increased in both children during treatment with pyridoxine or pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate. These observations indicate that differential responses to pyridoxine and pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate treatment cannot be relied upon to diagnose PNPO deficiency.
Comparison of the efficacies of oral iron and pramipexole for the treatment of restless legs syndrome patients with low serum ferritin
Authors: Lee C. S. , Lee S. D. , Kang S.‐H. , Park H. Y. , Yoon I.‐Y. 
Published: November 2013

Background and purposeIt is not clear which is preferred between iron supplement and a dopamine agonist in the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) with iron deficiency. The efficacies of oral iron supplementation and pramipexole for treatment of RLS with low‐normal serum ferritin (15–50 ng/ml) were compared.MethodsThirty RLS patients who took either oral iron or pramipexole for 12 weeks and were followed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment commencement were enrolled. Severities of RLS symptoms were assessed using the international RLS study group rating scale for severity (IRLS) at every visit. Treatment response was defined as a decrease in IRLS score of at least 50% from baseline.ResultsThe 30 subjects were assigned equally to an iron or pramipexole group. At baseline, IRLS scores and serum ferritin levels were similar between these two groups. After 12 weeks, IRLS scores were lower than those at baseline in both groups (iron −9.1 ± 7.07, P < 0.001; pramipexole −8.7 ± 8.31, P = 0.001) and similar between the two groups. Changes in IRLS scores from baseline were similar between the two groups at each visit. The response rates of the groups were identical at 46.7%.ConclusionsPramipexole was not different from oral iron in terms of efficacy and improvement speed in RLS patients with a low‐normal serum ferritin, but response rate of either oral iron or pramipexole alone was moderate. Some proportion of RLS patients with iron deficiency might benefit from combined use of oral iron and dopamine agonists.
Genetic assessment of a summer chum salmon metapopulation in recovery
Authors: Small Maureen P. , Johnson Thom H. , Bowman Cherril , Martinez Edith 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPrograms to rebuild imperiled wild fish populations often include hatchery‐born fish derived from wild populations to supplement natural spawner abundance. These programs require monitoring to determine their demographic, biological, and genetic effects. In 1990s in Washington State, the Summer Chum Salmon Conservation Initiative developed a recovery program for the threatened Hood Canal summer chum salmon Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) (the metapopulation) that used in‐river spawners (wild fish) for each respective supplementation broodstock in six tributaries. Returning spawners (wild‐born and hatchery‐born) composed subsequent broodstocks, and tributary‐specific supplementation was limited to three generations. We assessed impacts of the programs on neutral genetic diversity in this metapopulation using 16 microsatellite loci and a thirty‐year dataset spanning before and after supplementation, roughly eight generations. Following supplementation, differentiation among subpopulations decreased (but not significantly) and isolation by distance patterns remained unchanged. There was no decline in genetic diversity in wild‐born fish, but hatchery‐born fish sampled in the same spawning areas had significantly lower genetic diversity and unequal family representation. Despite potential for negative effects from supplementation programs, few were detected in wild‐born fish. We hypothesize that chum salmon natural history makes them less vulnerable to negative impacts from hatchery supplementation.
Evolutionary potential of marine phytoplankton under ocean acidification
Authors: Collins Sinéad , Rost Björn , Rynearson Tatiana A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMarine phytoplankton have many obvious characters, such as rapid cell division rates and large population sizes, that give them the capacity to evolve in response to global change on timescales of weeks, months or decades. However, few studies directly investigate if this adaptive potential is likely to be realized. Because of this, evidence of to whether and how marine phytoplankton may evolve in response to global change is sparse. Here, we review studies that help predict evolutionary responses to global change in marine phytoplankton. We find limited support from experimental evolution that some taxa of marine phytoplankton may adapt to ocean acidification, and strong indications from studies of variation and structure in natural populations that selection on standing genetic variation is likely. Furthermore, we highlight the large body of literature on plastic responses to ocean acidification available, and evolutionary theory that may be used to link plastic and evolutionary responses. Because of the taxonomic breadth spanned by marine phytoplankton, and the diversity of roles they fill in ocean ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles, we stress the necessity of treating taxa or functional groups individually.
Coculture system of keratinocytes and dorsal‐root‐ganglion‐derived cells for screening neurotrophic factors involved in guidance of neuronal axon growth in the skin
Authors: Kumamoto Jun‐ichi , Nakatani Masashi , Tsutsumi Moe , Goto Makiko , Denda Sumiko , Takei Kentaro , Denda Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe density of peripheral nerve fibres is increased in atopic dermatitis. Moreover, reduction in the fibres in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis reduces scratching behaviour. Thus, regulation of nerve fibre extension could be an effective strategy to reduce itching in pruritus dermatosis. In this study, we established a new coculture system of keratinocytes and dorsal‐root‐ganglion‐derived cells using an apparatus, AXIS™, which consists of two different channels connected via a set of microgrooves, through which signalling molecules and axons, but not living cells, can pass. When we seeded keratinocytes in one chamber, extension of nerve fibres was observed from dorsal root ganglion cells seeded in the other chamber. Addition of anti‐BDNF antibody in the keratinocyte‐seeded chamber significantly reduced the extension. Application of Semaphorin 3A also reduced the extension by approximately 50%. We suggest that this coculture system may be useful for screening of anti‐itching drugs.
Carcass analogues provide marine subsidies for macroinvertebrates and juvenile Atlantic salmon in temperate oligotrophic streams
Authors: Guyette Margaret Q. , Loftin Cynthia S. , Zydlewski Joseph , Cunjak Richard 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Anadromous fish populations entering freshwater ecosystems provide organic matter and marine‐derived nutrients during spawning and subsequent mortalities of adults. Dams and other impediments to connectivity in rivers and streams have affected anadromous fish populations in many regions and prevented or reduced this influx of organic materials and nutrients.

This study used historical data on the timing of delivery of marine‐derived nutrients; we added a carcass analogue (pellets made from the carcasses of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tschawytcha) to simulate potential effects of restored access of anadromous fish to streams. We used stable isotopes to document the extent of nutrient incorporation of nitrogen and carbon from the carcass analogue by macroinvertebrates and juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in salmon nursery streams. We stocked four headwater streams that historically hosted spawning Atlantic salmon and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Maine, U.S.A. with Atlantic salmon fry and simulated timing of nutrient addition by spawning sea lamprey in the early summer and Atlantic salmon in the autumn.

Macroinvertebrates and Atlantic salmon assimilated nitrogen (12–57% of total N) and carbon (21–65% of total C) from the added pellets, and the magnitude and duration of enrichment varied temporally and with macroinvertebrate functional feeding group.

Assimilation of nutrients from carcass analogues was both direct and indirect, and a nutrient legacy was evident in the second year of sampling. Incorporation of nutrients from the pellets at a range of heights in the food web demonstrated the potential for marine‐derived subsidies to contribute to freshwater ecosystem processes in Atlantic salmon nursery streams.
Habitat traits and food availability determine the response of marine invertebrates to ocean acidification
Authors: Pansch Christian , Schaub Iris , Havenhand Jonathan , Wahl Martin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEnergy availability and local adaptation are major components in mediating the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on marine species. In a long‐term study, we investigated the effects of food availability and elevated pCO2 (ca. 400, 1000 and 3000 μatm) on growth of newly settled Amphibalanus (Balanus) improvisus to reproduction, and on their offspring. We also compared two different populations, which were presumed to differ in their sensitivity to pCO2 due to differing habitat conditions: Kiel Fjord, Germany (Western Baltic Sea) with naturally strong pCO2 fluctuations, and the Tjärnö Archipelago, Sweden (Skagerrak) with far lower fluctuations. Over 20 weeks, survival, growth, reproduction and shell strength of Kiel barnacles were all unaffected by elevated pCO2, regardless of food availability. Moulting frequency and shell corrosion increased with increasing pCO2 in adults. Larval development and juvenile growth of the F1 generation were tolerant to increased pCO2, irrespective of parental treatment. In contrast, elevated pCO2 had a strong negative impact on survival of Tjärnö barnacles. Specimens from this population were able to withstand moderate levels of elevated pCO2 over 5 weeks when food was plentiful but showed reduced growth under food limitation. Severe levels of elevated pCO2 negatively impacted growth of Tjärnö barnacles in both food treatments. We demonstrate a conspicuously higher tolerance to elevated pCO2 in Kiel barnacles than in Tjärnö barnacles. This tolerance was carried over from adults to their offspring. Our findings indicate that populations from fluctuating pCO2 environments are more tolerant to elevated pCO2 than populations from more stable pCO2 habitats. We furthermore provide evidence that energy availability can mediate the ability of barnacles to withstand moderate CO2 stress. Considering the high tolerance of Kiel specimens and the possibility to adapt over many generations, near future OA alone does not seem to present a major threat for A. improvisus.
Salivary secretion and drug treatment in four 70‐year‐old Swedish cohorts during a period of 30 years
Authors: Johanson Cecilia N. , Österberg Tor , Lernfelt Bodil , Ekström Jörgen , Birkhed Dowen 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveThe aim was to examine the association between drug treatment and unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva in four 70‐year‐old Swedish cohorts, between 1971 and 2001.BackgroundBoth diseases and their medication can affect the salivary secretion rate.Materials and methodsThe study was based on selected samples of four cohorts born in 1901/1902, 1906/1907, 1911/1912 and 1930/1931, respectively, a total of 1072 individuals. The response rate varied between 65% and 85%.ResultsThe mean value for the stimulated salivary secretion rate was higher in men (1.3 ± 0.8 ml/min) than in women (1.0 ± 0.7 ml/min) (p < 0.001)). There was a significant association between the salivary secretion rate and the number of drugs among both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.001). This influence was most pronounced in participants who were treated with cardiovascular drugs, mainly diuretics and non‐selective β‐adrenoceptor blockers, but also with antipsychotics and antidepressants, even when adjusted for cohort, gender, number of teeth and other drugs. There was an increase in treatment with medicines during the three decades.ConclusionIn these four groups of 70‐year‐old participants, high drug consumption was associated with lower salivary flow. Unstimulated secretion was only affected in women and then, when taking four or more drugs. Pronounced hyposalivation was, however, uncommon. Cardiovascular drugs, antidepressants and antipsychotics were associated with low salivary secretion. In this age group, the frequently observed association between polypharmacy and a lower saliva secretion rate represents a risk of impaired dental health.
Role of sodium thiosulfate therapy in the treatment of digital necrosis due to Mönckeberg sclerosis
Authors: Brucculeri Michael , Rullan Eugenia , Zanchi Antonela , Marcotte Anthony 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAccelerated vascular calcification is a well‐described complication of chronic kidney disease often affecting large and small vessels alike through a variety of mechanisms. Accordingly, dysregulation of calcium and phosphate balance, vitamin D metabolism, hyperparathyroidism, and endothelial injury can lead to both macrovascular and microvascular complications. We describe a 56‐year‐old Hispanic male with a history of end‐stage renal disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and medical noncompliance who developed sequential digital ischemia and necrosis involving both hands as well as right foot as a result of Mönckeberg sclerosis. An extensive metabolic and serologic workup was unrevealing but radiographic studies and histopathology revealed the diagnosis. A multifaceted approach was instituted including wound debridement and amputations along with intensive medical support. In addition to improving hypertensive control and striving for improved calcium and phosphate balance, sodium thiosulfate solution was administered for more than 1 year. This aggressive approach allowed his wounds to heal and has arrested further digital ischemia from occurring.
BAI3, CDX2 and VIL1: a panel of three antibodies to distinguish small cell from large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas
Authors: Bari Muhammad F , Brown Helen , Nicholson Andrew G , Kerr Keith M , Gosney John R , Wallace William A , Soomro Irshad , Muller Salli , Peat Danielle , Moore Jonathan D , Ward Lesley A , Freidin Maxim B , Lim Eric , Vatish Manu , Snead David R J 
Published: November 2013

AimsDiscriminating small‐cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) from large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) rests on morphological criteria, and reproducibility has been shown to be poor. We aimed to identify immunohistochemical markers to assist this diagnosis.Methods and resultsGene expression profiling on laser captured frozen tumour samples from eight SCLC and eight LCNEC tumours identified a total of 888 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 23 of which were validated by qRT–PCR. Antibodies to four selected gene products were then evaluated as immunohistochemical markers on a cohort of 173 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) SCLC/LCNEC tumour samples, including 26 indeterminate tumours without a consensus diagnosis. Three markers, CDX2, VIL1 and BAI3, gave significantly different results in the two tumour types (P < 0.0001): CDX2 and VIL1 in combination (either marker positive) showed sensitivity and specificity of 81% for LCNEC while BAI3 showed 89% sensitivity and 75% specificity for SCLC. Of the 26 indeterminate tumours 15 (58%) showed an immunophenotype suggesting either SCLC or LCNEC, eight (31%) showed staining of both tumour types, and three (11%) were negative for all markers.ConclusionA panel of three markers, BAI3, CDX2 and VIL1, is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of these tumour types.
Thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) immunoreactivity is an adverse prognostic factor in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus
Authors: Ervine Aaron , Leung Sam , Gilks C Blake , McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: November 2013

AimsIt is known that thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) is expressed in a small percentage of primary gynaecological adenocarcinomas. Following the observation of TTF‐1 positivity in a number of endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the uterine corpus which behaved aggressively, we undertook immunohistochemical staining of a large series of endometrial adenocarcinomas of various types to investigate whether its expression is of prognostic significance.Methods and resultsTTF‐1 was performed on tissue microarrays containing 102 low‐grade (grades 1 or 2) endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 101 grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 89 serous adenocarcinomas and 29 clear cell carcinomas. All categories of endometrial adenocarcinoma exhibited TTF‐1 staining in a small subset of cases (2% low‐grade endometrioid, 11% grade 3 endometrioid, 9% serous, 7% clear cell). TTF‐1 was less frequently expressed in low‐grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas compared to other subtypes. Endometrioid adenocarcinomas which expressed TTF‐1 had a statistically significant worse prognosis with poorer disease‐specific survival, and this was also statistically significant in the group of low‐grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas.ConclusionsOur study confirms that TTF‐1 is expressed in a small, but not insignificant, proportion of endometrial adenocarcinomas. TTF‐1 positivity in low‐grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas is an indicator of poorer prognosis.