bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Literature Review and Geisinger Experience
Authors: Lin Fan , Chen Zongming 
Published: November 2014

ContextImmunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary technique in anatomic pathology laboratories. Standardization of every step in preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases is crucial to achieve reproducible and reliable immunohistochemistry test results.ObjectiveTo standardize immunohistochemistry tests from preanalytic, analytic, to postanalytic phases.Data SourcesLiterature review and Geisinger (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania) experience.ConclusionsThis review article delineates some critical points in preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases; reiterates some important questions, which may or may not have a consensus at this time; and updates the newly proposed guidelines on antibody validation from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center. Additionally, the article intends to share Geisinger's experience with (1) testing/optimizing a new antibody and troubleshooting; (2) interpreting and reporting immunohistochemistry assay results; (3) improving and implementing a total immunohistochemistry quality management program; and (4) developing best practices in immunohistochemistry.
Overview of Automated Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Prichard Jeffrey W. 
Published: November 2014

ContextThe increasing demand for immunohistochemistry for clinical diagnostics, in combination with an ongoing shortage of staff in the histology laboratory, has brought about a need for automation in immunohistochemistry. The current automated staining platforms vary significantly in their design and capabilities.ObjectiveTo review how technology has been applied to automating the process of immunohistochemical staining.Data SourcesLiterature review, vendor interviews, and personal practice experience.ConclusionsEach of the commercially available, automated immunohistochemistry platforms has strategic design differences that produce advantages and disadvantages. Understanding those differences can help match the demands of testing volumes, turnaround time, standardization, and labor savings to the appropriate automated instrumentation.
Application of Immunohistochemistry in Breast Pathology: A Review and Update
Authors: Liu Haiyan 
Published: November 2014

ContextImmunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in routine breast pathology, used for both diagnostic and prognostic parameters. The diagnostic immunomarkers are the scope of this review. Most breast lesions can be diagnosed on routine hematoxylin-eosin sections; however, in several scenarios, such as morphologically equivocal cases or metastatic tumors of unknown primary, the appropriate application of immunohistochemistry adds true value in reaching an accurate diagnosis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic utility of the most commonly studied immunomarkers in the field of breast pathology by review of the literature, using the database of indexed articles in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) from 1976 to 2013.Data SourcesLiterature review, and author's research data and personal practice experience.ConclusionsThe appropriate use of immunohistochemistry by applying a panel of immunomarkers and using a standardized technical and interpretational method will complement the morphologic assessment and aid in the accurate classification of difficult breast lesions and the identification of metastasis from a breast primary.
La incorporación de la alfabetización informacional en las bibliotecas universitarias iberoamericanas. Análisis comparativo a partir de la información de sus sitios web.
Authors: Uribe Tirado Alejandro , Pinto Molina María 
Published: November 2014

El artículo busca identificar desde la información que ofrecen los sitios Web de las bibliotecas universitarias de los 22 países iberoamericanos, los posibles niveles de incorporación que desde dichas bibliotecas se están realizando para la formación en ALFIN-COMPINFO. Para esa identificación, se utiliza como metodología el análisis de contenidos Web a partir de los sitios Web de las bibliotecas universitarias iberoamericanas. Los resultados identifican que de un total de 2136 bibliotecas universitarias iberoamericanas, solo 171 dan cuenta de procesos de formación en ALFIN-COMPINFO (6.2%). El artículo concluye que desde el contexto iberoamericano, la ALFIN-COMPINFO aún no tiene todo el alcance que se esperaría y que se hace necesario, no obstante, cada vez más, hay prestigiosas universidades que están asumiendo el reto de esta formación y que mediante el trabajo colaborativo, el benchmarking y el compartir estrategias y objetos de aprendizaje serán guía para que más universidades iberoamericanas desarrollen esta formación.
El Practicum del Grado en Información y Documentación: La experiencia en la UC3M
Authors: Pérez-Lorenzo Belén , Vianello Osti Marina , Pacios Ana Reyes 
Published: November 2014

Se expone el proceso seguido en la implantación del Practicum en el Grado en Información y Documentación de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y se presenta una herramienta para su seguimiento y evaluación. A partir de una revisión de la literatura sobre el concepto de competencia y su importancia en la educación superior, y de las características que deben presentar las prácticas curriculares para una correcta interrelación con el plan de estudios, se propone una matriz de evaluación para orientar su realización y evaluación y unas encuestas para conocer la percepción y el resultado de la experiencia. Analizadas las encuestas y evaluados informes y memorias de dos cursos académicos podemos considerar que la experiencia ha sido positiva y que la percepción de tutores y alumnos ha sido buena. Sin embargo es posible mejorar algunos aspectos intensificando la relación y el intercambio de información entre los diferentes actores que intervienen en el Practicum.
Interpreting the 50-Year Rule
Authors: Yoder David T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor over 40 years, some archaeologists have labored under a distorted interpretation of the 50-year rule in which anything more than 50 years of age becomes “archaeological” and therefore must be recorded and evaluated for eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places. A reexamination of federal law shows that this is a mistaken interpretation. Data from the Intermountain Antiquities Computer System indicates that, if this practice continues, the number of featureless historical sites requiring documentation in the West will greatly increase at a large expense to the public and that most of these costs will be associated with sites not considered significant in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture. Solutions are presented that will give archaeologists greater flexibility in recording material culture more than 50 years of age, allowing us to redirect our efforts to resources of greater interest while making the practice of archaeology more defensible to the public. These problems are symptomatic of a larger issue that relates to how cultural remains from the latter part of the twentieth century and beyond will be valued. The discipline of archaeology must begin candid conversations about the relative importance of such recent material culture and its management implications.
Subretinal Drug Delivery in Wet Age Related Macular Degeneration with Sub-macular Hemorrhage
Authors: Kumar Atul , Roy Sangeeta , Tinwala Sana I , Aron Neelima , Temkar Shreyas , Pujari Amar 
Published: November 2014

Introduction:
To evaluate the surgical outcomes of a modified approach in the management of thick submacular haemorrhage in patients with wet age related macular degeneration (amd).

Design:
Retrospective study.

Participants:
10 eyes of 10 patients with dense submacular haemorrhage.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of 10 eyes of 10 patients with submacular haemorrhage secondary to wet amd treated with 23g pars plana vitrectomy (ppv),followed by submacular injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) (12.5µg/0.1ml), bevacizumab (2.5mg/0.1ml) and air (0.3ml). Gas tamponade was given with 20% sf6 and postoperative propped up positioning. Patients were evaluated for displacement of haemorrhage, pre and post-operative best corrected visual acuity (bcva), occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications and recurrence of hemorrhage. All patients were followed up for 6 months.

Results:
complete pneumatic displacement of the subretinal bleed from the macula was seen in all the patients on the first postoperative day. Improvement of bcva was seen in 8 out of 10 patients. Rebleed was seen in 2 eyes which were retreated with intravitreal injection of r-tpa, bevacizumab and 20% sf6 gas injection.

Conclusion:
This modified technique aids in effective displacement of thick submacular hemorrhage with simultaneous treatment of the underlying choroidal neovascular membrane, which halts the disease progression resulting in desired anatomical and functional outcomes.
PSI to turbulence during internal wave beam refraction through the upper ocean pycnocline
Authors: Gayen B. , Sarkar S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA numerical study based on large eddy simulation (LES) is performed to investigate the nonlinear interaction of a semidiurnal (M2) internal wave beam with an upper ocean pycnocline. During refraction through the pycnocline, the wave beam undergoes parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) with formation of waves with (1/2)M2 frequency. The three‐dimensional LES enables new results that quantify the route to turbulence through PSI. The subharmonic waves generated from PSI have an order of magnitude smaller vertical scale and are susceptible to wave breaking. Convective instability initiates transition to turbulence, while shear production maintains it. Turbulence at points in the subharmonic wave paths is modulated at (1/2)M2 frequency. The beam suffers substantial degradation owing to PSI, reflected harmonics and ducted waves so that only about 30% of the incoming energy is transported by the main reflected beam.
Global and along‐strike variations of source duration and scaling for intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes
Authors: Poli Piero , Prieto German 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe systematic behavior of earthquake rupture as a function of earthquake magnitude and/or tectonic setting is a key in our understanding of the physical mechanisms involved during earthquake rupture. Geophysical evidence suggests that although deep earthquakes—including intermediate‐depth and deep—are similar to shallow ones, the mechanism involved during deep earthquakes is different from that of shallow ones. In particular, the magnitude and depth dependence of scaled duration, a measure of earthquake rupture duration, has led to controversy of what controls deep earthquake behavior. Here we estimate scaled source durations for 600 intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes recorded at teleseismic distances and show deviation from self‐similar scaling. No depth dependence is observed which we interpret as due to little differences between intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquake mechanisms. The data show no correlation between durations and plate age or thermal parameters, suggesting that the thermal properties of the plate have little effect on source durations. We nevertheless report differences in average source duration and scaling between subduction zones and along‐strike variations of source durations that more closely resemble the geometry of subduction (flat or steep subduction) rather than plate age.
Abrupt termination of the 2012 Pacific warming and its implication on ENSO prediction
Authors: Su Jingzhi , Xiang Baoqiang , Wang Bin , Li Tim 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the summer of 2012, there was a clear signal of the developing El Niño over the equatorial Pacific, and many climate models forecasted the occurrence of El Niño with a peak phase in the subsequent winter. However, the warming was aborted abruptly in late fall. Here we show that the abrupt termination of the 2012 Pacific warming was largely attributed to the anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) cooling in the northeastern and southeastern subtropical Pacific. The anomalous SST cooling induced strong easterly and low‐level divergence anomalies, suppressing the development of westerly and convection anomalies over the equatorial central Pacific. Thus, the surface warming over the equatorial Pacific was decoupled from the surface wind forcing and subsurface thermocline variability, inhibiting its further development into a mature El Niño in the winter of 2012–2013. This study highlights the importance of the SST anomaly in the subtropical Pacific in El Niño prediction.
Improving the geoid: Combining altimetry and mean dynamic topography in the California coastal ocean
Authors: Mazloff Matthew R. , Gille Sarah T. , Cornuelle Bruce 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSatellite gravity mapping missions, altimeters, and other platforms have allowed the Earth's geoid to be mapped over the ocean to a horizontal resolution of approximately 100 km with an uncertainty of less than 10 cm. At finer resolution this uncertainty increases to greater than 10 cm. Achieving greater accuracy requires accurate estimates of the dynamic ocean topography (DOT). In this study two DOT estimates for the California Current System with uncertainties less than 10 cm are used to solve for a geoid correction field. The derived field increases the consistency between the DOTs and along‐track altimetric observations, suggesting it is a useful correction to the gravitational field. The correction is large compared to the dynamic ocean topography, with a magnitude of 15 cm and significant structure, especially near the coast. The results are evidence that modern high‐resolution dynamic ocean topography products can be used to improve estimates of the geoid.
Seasonal and latitudinal variations of the electron density nonmigrating tidal spectrum in the topside ionospheric F region as resolved from CHAMP observations
Authors: Xiong Chao , Lühr Hermann , Stolle Claudia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this study we present for the first time the nonmigrating tidal spectrum for the electron density in the topside ionosphere on global scale for different seasons at both solar maximum and minimum conditions. The electron density observations from the CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) satellite provide evidence for prominent nonmigrating tides at different latitude regions. At middle and high latitudes the most prominent diurnal tides are DE1, D0, and DW2, as well as semidiurnal tides SW1 and SW3 preferably during equinox seasons. DE1 is only found in the northern middle and high latitudes, while D0 and DW2 are much stronger in the Southern Hemisphere. These tides are believed to be driven by the thermospheric winds through ion‐neutral interactions. At equatorial and low‐latitude regions the most prominent diurnal tides are DE2 and DE3. DE2 is found to be present at low‐latitude regions throughout the whole year with larger amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, while DE3 shows largest amplitudes (symmetric above the dip equator) at the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest region during September equinox. A general antiphase behavior between the EIA crest and trough is observed for the tides DE3, DE2, DW2, and SW3. We consider this as strong evidence for the modulation of the EIA electron density by the E layer zonal electric field via the ion fountain effect. An exception is the tidal component D0, which exhibits antiphase variations between the two hemispheres. The phase value at the equatorial trough is halfway between those of the two hemispheres. Presently, we cannot give an explanation for it, and study concerning special model effort is further needed.
Magnetic local time variation and scaling of poleward auroral boundary dynamics
Authors: Longden N. , Chisham G. , Freeman M. P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe balance of dayside and nightside reconnection processes within the Earth's magnetosphere and its effect on the amount of open magnetic flux threading the ionosphere is well understood in terms of the expanding‐contracting polar cap model. However, the nature and character of the consequential fluctuations in the polar cap boundary are poorly understood. By using the poleward auroral luminosity boundary (PALB), as measured by the FUV instrument of the IMAGE spacecraft, as a proxy for the polar cap boundary, we have studied the motion of this boundary for more than 2 years across the complete range of magnetic local time. Our results show that the dayside PALB dynamics are broadly self‐similar on timescales of 12 min to 6 h and appear to be monofractal. Similarity with the characteristics of solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field variability suggests that this dayside monofractal behavior is predominantly inherited from the solar wind via the reconnection process. The nightside PALB dynamics exhibit scale‐free behavior at intermediate time scales (12–90 min) and appear to be multifractal. We propose that this character is a result of the intermittent multifractal structure of magnetotail reconnection.
Late onset spinal motor neuronopathy is caused by mutation in CHCHD10
Authors: Penttilä Sini , Jokela Manu , Bouquin Heidi , Saukkonen Anna Maija , Toivanen Jari , Udd Bjarne 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveA study was undertaken to identify the responsible gene defect underlying late onset spinal motor neuronopathy (LOSMoN/SMAJ; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #615048), an autosomal dominant disease mapped to chromosome 22q11.2.MethodsThe previous genetic linkage approach by microsatellite haplotyping was continued in new families. A whole genome sequencing was performed to find all possibly pathogenic mutations in the linked area. The detected variations were verified by Sanger sequencing.ResultsSix new SMAJ families were identified based on the unique founder haplotype. A critical recombination in 1 family restricted the linked area to 727kb between markers SHGC‐106816 and D22S345. In whole genome sequencing a previously unknown mutation c.197G>T p.G66V in CHCHD10 was identified. The mutation was shown to segregate with the disease in 55 patients from 17 families.InterpretationMutation c.197G>T p.G66V in CHCHD10 is the cause of the lower motor neuron syndrome LOSMoN/SMAJ. During the preparation of this article other mutations were reported to cause frontotemporal dementia–amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndrome, indicating that the CHCHD10 gene is largely important for the motor and cognitive neuronal systems. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:163–172
Early cerebral small vessel disease and brain volume, cognition, and gait
Authors: Smith Eric E. , O'Donnell Martin , Dagenais Gilles , Lear Scott A. , Wielgosz Andreas , Sharma Mukul , Poirier Paul , Stotts Grant , Black Sandra E. , Strother Stephen , Noseworthy Michael D. , Benavente Oscar , Modi Jayesh , Goyal Mayank , Batool Saima , Sanchez Karla , Hill Vanessa , McCreary Cheryl R. , Frayne Richard , Islam Shofiqul , DeJesus Jane , Rangarajan Sumathy , Teo Koon , Yusuf Salim ,   on behalf of the PURE Investigators
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveDecline in cognitive function begins by the 40s, and may be related to future dementia risk. We used data from a community‐representative study to determine whether there are age‐related differences in simple cognitive and gait tests by the 40s, and whether these differences were associated with covert cerebrovascular disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsBetween 2010 and 2012, 803 participants aged 40 to 75 years in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study, recruited from prespecified postal code regions centered on 4 Canadian cities, underwent brain MRI and simple tests of cognition and gait as part of a substudy (PURE‐MIND).ResultsMean age was 58 ± 8 years. Linear decreases in performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Timed Up and Go test of gait were seen with each age decade from the 40s to the 70s. Silent brain infarcts were observed in 3% of 40‐ to 49‐year‐olds, with increasing prevalence up to 18.9% in 70‐year‐olds. Silent brain infarcts were associated with slower timed gait and lower volume of supratentorial white matter. Higher volume of supratentorial MRI white matter hyperintensity was associated with slower timed gait and worse performance on DSST, and lower volumes of the supratentorial cortex and white matter, and cerebellum.InterpretationCovert cerebrovascular disease and its consequences on cognitive and gait performance and brain atrophy are manifest in some clinically asymptomatic persons as early as the 5th decade of life. Ann Neurol 2015;77:251–261
Synthesis and adhesion properties of waterborne polyurethane dispersions with long‐branched aliphatic chains
Authors: Lei Liang , Xia Zhengbin , Lin Xiaoqiong , Yang Tao , Zhong Li 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, a series of waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) with different contents of long‐branched aliphatic chains were synthesized through variation of the amount of diol chain extender trimethylol propane monooleate (TMPM). The effects of the TMPM content on the adhesion properties of the WPUs were investigated in terms of their surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angle, and adhesion strength. Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR spectra demonstrated the successful incorporation of TMPM into the polyurethanes. An increase in the TMPM content produced decreases in the surface tension of the WPUs and the interfacial tension and contact angle between the WPUs and plastic films. This indicated that the wetting properties of the WPUs on the plastic films was improved. The improved wettability enhanced the adhesion strength of the WPUs, and this showed that the long‐branched aliphatic chains could effectively improve the adhesion performance of the WPUs on the plastic films. Moreover, TMPM, with its hydrophobic aliphatic chains, increased the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of the WPU films. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41688.
Mixed matrix membranes as potential transdermal devices for gemfibrozil release
Authors: Donato Laura , Guzzo Laura , Drioli Enrico , Algieri Catia 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAim of this work was the development of mixed matrix membranes as potential devices for transdermal controlled release of gemfibrozil (2,2‐dimethyl‐5‐(2,5‐dimethylphenoxy) pentanoic acid). The effect of the hydrophilic NaX zeolite and of drug loading on the release kinetics of the drug was investigated. The material used as membrane matrix was polydimethylsiloxane. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed as zeolite crystals were well embedded into the polymeric matrix. Membrane characterizations by means of swelling ratio, moisture uptake, and erosion degree determination indicated low swelling degree and moisture uptake, and the absence of erosion. This results confirmed as these membranes did not promote bacterial growth and skin irritation. The performance of the membranes was evaluated by performingin vitrorelease studies and percutaneous tests through the stratum corneum taken from the skin of rabbit ear.In vitroexperiments indicated as the best system was the membrane containing 12 wt % of zeolite and 2.6 wt % of gemfibrozil (PDMS‐2.6GEM‐12NaX) and so it was used in the percutaneous tests. In this case, the permeation rate was lower owing to the presence of an additional resistance applied by rabbit skin. An interesting result was the linear behavior indicating that the permeation of the drug thorough the device occurred with zero‐order kinetic which is the feature of the transdermal controlled delivery systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41698.