bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An easy two-step purification method for human leucocyte myeloperoxidase / İnsan lökosit miyeloperoksidazı saflaştırılması için kolay 2 basamaklı yöntem
Authors: Sarkarati Bahram , Akyol Tulay Karaağaç , Kılınç Kamer 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Objective: The object of this study is to describe a simple, rapid and cost effective method for purification of human leucocyte myeloperoxidase from a single donor. Myelopeoxidase (MPO) was purified by a two step procedure consisting of concanavalin-A Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography followed by CM-Sephadex cation exchange chromatography.
Methods: Leucocytes from a single donor collected by leucopheresis were used in purification studies. MPO was solubilized and extracted from leucocytes by homogenization in phosphate buffer containing 1% HETAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide). MPO containing soluble material was applied onto concanavalin-A Sepharose 4B affinity gel, and was eluted with methyl-a- D-manno-piranoside. Fractions with MPO activity were pooled, dialyzed and applied onto CM-sephadex cation exchange gel, and was eluted from the column at weak cationic pH with linear NaCl gradient.
Results: By the use of two chromatographic procedures, MPO was purified from human leucocytes with 70% yield. Purity of MPO was checked by determining the Reinheit Zahl (RZ) value (A430/A280). The RZ value of 0.86 indicated that the purified enzyme was highly homogenous as compared to reported experimental values (ranging from 0.82 to 0.88) and pure commercial enzyme with the RZ value of 0.84.
Conclusion: In comparison with earlier purification methods, the purification method reported here has higher recovery rate and high purity together. Use of leucocytes with leucopheresis origin help us to omit the leucocyte isolation step and omitting of ammonium sulphate precipitation steps also help us to reduce the cost and is shortened the time of purification.
Structure and Internal Dynamics of Acid K Salt of (E)-2-hydroxyimino-2-cyanoacetic Acid Ethyl Ester
Authors: Rachwalska Małgorzata , Woźniak-Braszak Aneta , Nitek Wojciech , Urbanek Zbigniew , Hołderna-Natkaniec Krystyna 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An investigation of the internal dynamic of molecular groups existing
in a molecule of acid K salt of (E)-2-hydroxyimino-2-cyanoacetic
acid ethyl ester is the subject of the work. Using the NMR method we
could find such types of motions which could well describe the
experimental temperature dependences of spin lattice relaxation time,
and the second moment of experimental 1H NMR line. Those
techniques of the 1H NMR method allow one to draw
conclusions on activation parameters of following motions:
reorientation of methyl group, reorientation of ethyl group, H
jump in the hydrogen bond bridge, anisotropic (axial) reorientation of
the whole molecule around
O⋯H–O chemical
bonds.
Collisional Relaxation of NCN: An Experimental Study with Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Authors: Hetzler Jens , Olzmann Matthias 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Collisional relaxation of NCN produced by photolysis of
NCN3 at a wavelength of 248 nm has been
investigated with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in a temperature
range of 240–293 K and a pressure range of
10–800 mbar with different bath gases (He,
Ne, Ar, Kr, H2, N2,
O2, and N2O). LIF excitation spectra were
recorded, and LIF intensity-time profiles experimentally obtained at
an excitation wavelength of 329.01 nm have been fitted with
biexponential functions. The pressure and bath gas dependence of the
rate coefficients obtained was rationalized in terms of a simple
Landau–Teller/Schwartz–Slawsky–Herzfeld model, and notable
influences of vibrational energy transfer to the rate of the overall
relaxation process have been found. Evidence was obtained for
a two-channel vibrational relaxation in NCN.
Comparative Analysis of High-Velocity Versus Low-Velocity Exercise on Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kelly Marie A. , Finley Margaret , Lichtman Steven W. , Hyland Matthew R. , Edeer Ayse Ozcan 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose:
High-velocity (HV) exercise is defined as performing a concentric muscle contraction as fast as possible, or in 1 second or less. Low-velocity (LV) exercise is defined as using 2 seconds to complete the contraction. A comparison of HV to LV exercise performed by community dwelling older adults indicates that HV exercise produces greater gains in power and scores for the 8-ft up-and-go, 30-seond chair stand, and continuous scale physical function performance tests. The effectiveness of HV strengthening exercises has not been identified for individuals who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this research study was to compare the effects of a 6-week exercise program, using either LV or HV contractions, on functional performance, gait, and pain of individuals who have undergone TKA.

Methods:
Adults aged 60 to 89 years with a mean (standard deviation) age of 71.2 (6.8) years who underwent TKA an average of 15 days prior were randomly assigned to an HV exercise (n = 19) or LV exercise (n = 19) training group. The training program lasted for 12 sessions, over 6 to 7 weeks. The primary outcome was functional performance rated with the 6-Minute Walk Test. Secondary measures were the stair climb test, Timed Up and Go test, gait velocity, gait deviations measured with the Gait Abnormality Rating Scale, and pain via a visual analog scale. A 2×2 mixed model analysis of variance (group × time) was used for all outcomes. Comparison between LV and HV groups for posttest gait velocity and Gait Abnormality Rating Scale used independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively.

Results:
At baseline no differences between groups were noted for sex, age, and height. The LV group weighed more and had more comorbid conditions. Spearman's ρ demonstrated that the greater comorbidities of the LV group correlated with a slower stair climb test at baseline. At posttest both groups exhibited significantly improved scores for all outcome measurements except the visual analog scale for pain. The HV group, but not the LV group, reported a significant decrease in pain at the end of the 6-week training program.

Conclusions:
Both HV and LV progressive exercises equally improve functional performance. Only the HV group reported significantly decreased pain at posttest.
Relationship of Sit-to-Stand Lower-Body Power With Functional Fitness Measures Among Older Adults With and Without Sarcopenia
Authors: Glenn Jordan M. , Gray Michelle , Binns Ashley 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose:
When evaluating health in older adults, batteries of tests are typically utilized to assess functional fitness. Unfortunately, physician's visits are time-sensitive, and it may be important to develop faster methods to assess functional fitness that can be utilized in professional or clinical settings. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship of sit-to-stand (STS) power generated through the STS task with previously established measures of functional fitness, specifically strength, endurance, speed, agility, and flexibility in older adults with and without sarcopenia.

Methods:
This study consisted of 57 community-dwelling older adults (n = 16 males; n = 41 females). Functional fitness was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Senior Fitness Test, handgrip, gait speed (habitual and maximal), balance, and STS power generated via the Tendo Weightlifting Analyzer. On the basis of data distribution, second-degree polynomial (quadratic) curvilinear models (lines of best fit) were applied for the relationships of 5-time STS time with average and peak power. Zero-order correlations were evaluated between STS power and all other functional fitness measures. Older adults with sarcopenia were also identified (n = 15), and relationships were reevaluated within this subset.

Results:
STS power (average and peak) was significantly (P ≤ .01) correlated with physical performance measured via previously established assessments. For average power, this was observed during the senior fitness test (6-minute walk [r = 0.39], 8-ft up-and-go [r = −0.46], arm curl [r = 0.46], and chair stand [r = 0.55]), SPPB (5-time STS time [r = −0.63] and 8-ft walk [r = −0.32]), and other independent functional fitness measures (grip strength [r = 0.65] and maximal gait speed [r = −0.31]). Similar results were observed for peak power during the senior fitness test (6-minute walk [r = 0.39], 8-ft up-and-go [r = −0.46], arm curl [r = 0.45], chair stand [r = 0.52], and sit-and-reach [r = −0.27]), SPPB (5-time STS time [r = −0.60] and 8-ft walk [r = −0.33]), and other independent functional fitness measures (grip strength [r = 0.70] and maximal gait speed [r = −0.32]). Within the sarcopenic subset, for average and peak power, respectively, significant relationships were still retained for handgrip strength (r = 0.57 and r = 0.57), 6-minute walk (r = 0.55 and r = 0.61), chair stand (r = 0.76 and r = 0.81), and 5-time STS time (r = −0.76 and r = −0.80) tests.

Discussion/Conclusions:
STS power generated via the STS task significantly relates to commonly administered functional fitness measures. These relationships also appear to exist when evaluating these relationships in older adults with sarcopenia. STS power may be utilized as an independent measure of functional fitness that is feasible to incorporate in clinical settings where time and space are often limiting factors.
Mutations in the maternally imprinted gene MKRN3 are common in familial central precocious puberty
Authors: Simon Dominique , Ba Ibrahima , Mekhail Nancy , Ecosse Emmanuel , Paulsen Anne , Zenaty Delphine , Houang Muriel , Jesuran Perelroizen Monique , de Filippo Gian-Paolo , Salerno Mariacarolina , Simonin Gilbert , Reynaud Rachel , Carel Jean-Claude , Léger Juliane , de Roux Nicolas 
Published: October 2015

Context and objectiveIdiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP) is defined as early activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in the absence of identifiable central lesions. Mutations of the makorin RING finger 3 (MKRN3) gene are associated with iCPP. We aimed to assess the frequency of MKRN3 mutations in iCPP and to compare the phenotypes of patients with and without MKRN3 mutations.DesignAn observational study was carried out on patients recruited at pediatric hospitals in France and Italy. Forty-six index CPP cases were screened for mutations in the MKRN3 coding sequence: 28 index cases of familial cases and 18 cases did not report any familial history of CPP. The endocrine phenotype was compared between MKRN3 mutated and non-mutated patients.ResultsMKRN3 mutations were identified in one sporadic and 13 familial cases. We identified five new heterozygous missense mutations predicted to be deleterious for protein function and two frameshift mutations, one new and the other recurrent, predicted to result in truncated proteins. Age at puberty onset varied very little among patients with MKRN3 mutations and puberty occurred earlier in these patients than in those without MKRN3 mutations (6.0 years (5.4–6.0) vs 7.0 years (6.0–7.0), P=0.01).ConclusionsMKRN3 mutations are common in familial iCPP. MKRN3 is one of the gatekeepers of the postnatal activation of the gonadotropic axis.
Filosofar con el pulso ardiendo: El trasvase poético de la filosofía de Sánchez Vázquez
Authors: Pérez Trujillo Axel 
Published: October 2015

El presente trabajo analiza la base poética de la filosofía de la praxis de Sánchez Vázquez, centrando la atención en cómo su compromiso político halló en la poesía un vehículo de expresión desde un primer momento, si bien más tarde se produjo un trasvase hacia un anclaje más teórico y filosófico. De ahí que su poesía sea fundamental en la evolución de su pensamiento en el camino hacia conceptos marxistas tales y como la praxis.
BETTER PROGNOSIS IN OVERWEIGHT/OBESE CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS WITH HIGH PLASMA LEVELS OF LEPTIN
Authors: Vida Simiti Luminita Animarie , Todor Irina , Stoia Mirela Anca , Goidescu Cerasela Mihaela , Anton Florin Petru , Farcas Anca Daniela 
Published: October 2015

Background and aim. The involvement of leptin in atherosclerosis is very complex, including inflammation, the oxidative stress and thrombosis. Leptin has atherogenic and also antiatherogenic actions. In obesity elevated leptin levels are not sufficient to prevent disturbances of energy balance, suggesting that obese people are leptin resistant. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between baseline plasma levels of leptin and the incidence of new ischemic events in patients with CHD.Methods. Plasma levels of leptin in fifty nine consecutive patients (29 men and 30 women) with CHD hospitalized in the County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Cluj-Napoca were measured using commercially available ELISA at admission. Patients with active infectious disease, neoplasia, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, hepatic or renal failure and severe heart failure were excluded The relationship between leptin levels and incident cardiovascular events (angina, nonfatal myocardial infarction or heart failure) over two years follow-up was studied using MEDCALC version 9.6.Results. 73.6% patients with CHD were overweight or suffered of obesity. There were no significant differences between women and men regarding the plasma levels of leptin, the body mass index (BMI), the number of rehospitalizations, rehospitalizations/patient, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia. Only in women plasma levels of leptin are correlated with BMI. As compared with men with overweight and obesity (BMI ≥25kg/m2), plasma levels of leptin were significantly higher in women with overweight and obesity (3905.97±463.91 pg/ml vs 1835.17±533.9 pg/ml) (p<0.002). Patient gender could not be demonstrated to influence prognosis. During the two years we recorded one or more readmissions in 26 patients (44%). The analysis of time till readmission using Kaplan-Meier curves, showed that leptin level (cut-off 2000 pg/ml, HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.17-0.83; p=0.01) and BMI (cut-off 28 kg/m2, HR 0.3164, 95% CI 0.145-0.0689; p<0.01) were significantly associated with prognosis.Conclusion. Patients with plasma levels of leptin >2000 pg/ml and BMI >28kg/m2 had a better prognosis, suggesting a protective role of leptin in overweight/mild obesity.
HUMAN TOOTH AND ROOT CANAL MORPHOLOGY RECONSTRUCTION USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Dragăn Oana Carmen , Fărcășanu Alexandru Ștefan , Câmpian Radu Septimiu , Turcu Romulus Valeriu Flaviu 
Published: October 2015

Background and aims. Visualization of the internal and external root canal morphology is very important for a successful endodontic treatment; however, it seems to be difficult considering the small size of the tooth and the complexity of the root canal system. Film-based or digital conventional radiographic techniques as well as cone beam computed tomography provide limited information on the dental pulp anatomy or have harmful effects. A new non-invasive diagnosis tool is magnetic resonance imaging, due to its ability of imaging both hard and soft tissues. The aim of this study was to demonstrate magnetic resonance imaging to be a useful tool for imaging the anatomic conditions of the external and internal root canal morphology for endodontic purposes.Methods. The endodontic system of one freshly extracted wisdom tooth, chosen for its well-known anatomical variations, was mechanically shaped using a hybrid technique. After its preparation, the tooth was immersed into a recipient with saline solution and magnetic resonance imaged immediately. A Bruker Biospec magnetic resonance imaging scanner operated at 7.04 Tesla and based on Avance III radio frequency technology was used. InVesalius software was employed for the 3D reconstruction of the tooth scanned volume.Results. The current ex-vivo experiment shows the accurate 3D volume rendered reconstruction of the internal and external morphology of a human extracted and endodontically treated tooth using a dataset of images acquired by magnetic resonance imaging. The external lingual and vestibular views of the tooth as well as the occlusal view of the pulp chamber, the access cavity, the distal canal opening on the pulp chamber floor, the coronal third of the root canals, the degree of root separation and the apical fusion of the two mesial roots, details of the apical region, root canal curvatures, furcal region and interradicular root grooves could be clearly bordered.Conclusions. Magnetic resonance imaging offers 3D image datasets with more information than the conventional radiographic techniques. Due to its ability of imaging both hard and soft dental tissues, magnetic resonance imaging can be successfully used as a 3D diagnostic imaging technique in dentistry. When choosing the imaging method, dental clinicians should weight the benefit-risk ratio, taking into account the costs associated to magnetic resonance imaging and the harmful effects of ionizing radiations when cone beam computed tomography or conventional x-ray are used.
Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on insulin resistance
Authors: Cătoi Adriana Florinela , Pârvu Alina , Mironiuc Aurel , Galea Romeo Florin , Mureşan Adriana , Bidian Cristina , Pop Ioana 
Published: October 2015

Background and aim. Obesity is a major risk factor for the onset of insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Evidence data has proven that beyond important weight loss bariatric surgery especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and bilio-pancreatic diversion (BPD) leads to significant early reduction of insulinemia and of IR calculated through the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), independently of fat mass decrease. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is now used as a sole weight loss operation with good results. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the early changes of fasting blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR in a group of morbidly obese (MO) patients i.e. at 7, 30 and 90 days after SG. Methods. The study included 20 MO patients (7 male and 13 female) submitted to SG. Anthropometrical (weight, body mass index –BMI, percent excess BMI loss -%EBMIL) and biochemical (plasma glucose, insulin and calculated HOMA-IR ) evaluation were performed before and at 7, 30 and 90 days after SG. In addition, a second group of 10 normal weight healthy subjects with a BMI ranging form 19 kg/m² to 23.14 kg/m², matched for age and gender was investigated. Results. Plasma glucose (p=0.018), insulin (p=0.004) and HOMA-IR (p=0.006) values were statistically different between the studied groups. After surgery, at every follow-up point, there were statistically different weight and BMI mean values relative to the operation day (p<0.003). BMI, decreased at 7 days (estimated reduction=2.79; 95% CI:[2.12;3.45]), at 30 days (estimated reduction=5.65; 95% CI:[3.57;7.73]) and at 90 days (estimated reduction=10.88; 95% CI:[7.35;14.41]) respectively after SG. We noted a tendency toward statistical significant change of mean insulin values at 7 days after surgery (corrected p=0.075), no statistical change at 30 days (corrected p=0.327) and a significant change at 90 days (corrected p=0.027) after SG as compared to baseline. There was a significant change in mean values of HOMA-IR at 30 days (corrected p=0.009) and at 90 days (corrected p=0.021) after the operation day. Conclusions. The present study showed important early changes consisting in reductions of mean values of plasma insulin and HOMA-IR after SG.
Breeding, Genetics, and Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping for Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Cotton
Authors: Zhang Jinfa , Sanogo Soum , Ma Zhiying , Qu Yanying 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTFusarium wilt (FW), caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV), with eight races recognized, is one of the most destructive diseases in cotton (Gossypium spp.). Employment of FW‐resistant cultivars has proven to be the most cost‐effective method to control the disease. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of research progress in breeding, genetics, and molecular mapping of FW resistance. A focused pedigree analysis in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) has identified five major FW‐resistant sources (‘Dillon’, ‘Dixie Triumph’, ‘Cook 307‐6’, ‘Coker Clevewilt’, and ‘Wild’) in the United States and three (‘Chuan 52‐128’, ‘Chuan 57‐681’, and ‘CRI 12’) in China. The use of numerous early segregating populations has consistently confirmed the predominant presence of additive gene effects on FW resistance; however, heritability is usually low because of high experimental error. Several mapping studies have detected approximately 40 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on 19 chromosomes. A number of qualitative genetic studies have identified five major resistance genes in Upland and Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton including Fw1, Fw2, FwR (chromosome 17), FOV1 (chromosome 16), and FOV4 (chromosome 14). There are other major resistance genes identified through marker or segregating analysis, but methods with high and uniform infection by FOV are required to confirm the results. More differential hosts should be developed to differentiate new races, and more resistance genes from new sources should be identified for their strategic deployment in preventing a possible risk of disease epidemic.
Radiocarpal and Midcarpal Instability in Rheumatoid Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raven Eric E.J. , van den Bekerom Michel P.J. , Beumer Annechien , van Dijk C. Niek 
Published: October 2015

Background:This study was aimed at identifying the criteria for the diagnosis of Radiocarpal instability in rheumatoid arthritis RA).Methods:The main databases were searched to identify studies describing the pathophysiology of Radiocarpal instability in patients with RA. We focussed on the epidemiology, radiographic parameters, criteria for instability and on treatment options. Results. In the search 108 articles were found, of these 12 studies were included for this review. Instability occurs in at an average of 35.2% of the rheumatoid wrists. The instability was found between 8 and 13 years after onset of rheumatoid arthritis. A strong correlation was found between instability, duration of RA and Larsen score. Several radiographic methods were described to evaluate Radiocarpal instability in RA. Several treatment options for instability in patients with RA are described. All with their own indications and limitations.Conclusion:OOn a standard AP radiograph deformity can be measured using the carpal height and the ulnar translation index of Chamay. This gives an indication for instability. For describing the deterioration of the joints the Larsen score is most used. If there are more radiographs in time the Simmen classification can be used. For real assessment of instability dynamic radiographs are needed.Level of Evidence:Level IV.