bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microorganisms of the toe web and their importance for erysipelas of the leg
Authors: Müller Dominik‐Patrick , Hoffmann Reinhard , Welzel Julia 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundThere has been a steady increase of the incidence of erysipelas in Germany in the recent past. Affected patients also often show defects in the cutaneous barrier caused by microorganisms. The aim of this non‐interventional case‐control study was to investigate a possible interrelationship between interdigital tinea pedis and bacterial toe web (interdigital space) infections and erysipelas of the leg, as well as a potential interaction among the microorganisms themselves.Material and methodsThe patient population contained 150 people equally distributed among three groups, one retrospective and one prospective erysipelas group (EG = rEG + pEG) plus one control group (KG).Results51 % of the patients with erysipelas and 32 % of the control group suffered from interdigital tinea pedis. There was a significant association between interdigital tinea pedis and the recurrence rate of erysipelas, but not with erysipelas itself. Staphylococcus aureus (EG: 30.34 %; KG: 3.23 %) and non‐pathogenic aerobic bacteria were significantly associated with erysipelas in each statistical analysis. Staphylococcus aureus showed a positive, the non‐pathogenic aerobic germs (EG: 28,09 %; KG: 80,65 %) a negative association.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an association between the microorganisms of the toe web and erysipelas of the leg. Erysipelas itself is influenced to a great extent by the bacterial flora, while its recurrence relates more to interdigital tinea pedis.
Functional status at 18 months of age as a predictor of childhood disability after neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Natarajan Girija , Shankaran Seetha , Pappas Athina , Bann Carla , Tyson Jon E , McDonald Scott , Das Abhik , Hintz Susan , Vohr Betty , Higgins Rosemary ,   the Extended Hypothermia Subcommittee of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: June 2014

AimIn children with neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), we examined the association between 18‐month functional status by parental report and disability at 6‐7 years.MethodProspective observational study involving participants in the NICHD randomized controlled trial of hypothermia for HIE. Parent questionnaires‐Functional Status‐II (FS‐II), Impact on Family (IOF) and Family Resource Scale (FRS) at 18 months were correlated with 6‐ to 7‐year developmental assessments. Disability at 6‐7 years was defined as IQ < 70, gross motor functional classification scale level III‐V, bilateral blindness, deafness, or epilepsy.ResultsRates of severe HIE (32 vs. 15%), public insurance (73% vs. 47%) and IOF scales were higher and mean (SD) FS‐II independence (I) {54 (SD 35) vs. 98 (SD 8)} and general health (GH) {87 (SD 14) vs. 98 (SD 6)} scores were significantly lower in children with disability (n=37) at 6‐7 years, compared to those (n=74) without disability. FS‐II I scores were significantly associated with disability (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.87‐0.97; p=0.003). On path analysis, severe HIE, greater IOF and public insurance were associated with poorer 18‐month FS‐II I scores, which, in turn, were associated with disability at 6 to 7 years.InterpretationPoor independent functioning by parental report at 18 months in children with HIE was associated with childhood disability.
Should thyroid‐stimulating hormone goals be reviewed in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus? Results from The Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group
Authors: Rodacki M. , Zajdenverg L. , Dantas J. R. , de Oliveira J. E. P. , Luiz R. R. , Cobas R. A. , Palma C. C. S. , Negrato C. A. , Gomes M. B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate if thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are associated with any differences in glycaemic control or diabetes‐related complications in individuals with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsThis observational, cross‐sectional and multicentre study included patients with Type 1 diabetes for ≥ 5 years, with a recent TSH measurement and without a known previous thyroid disease. Patients were divided into three groups according to TSH levels: 0.4–2.5 mU/l; 2.5–4.4 mU/l; and ≥ 4.5 mU/l.ResultsWe included 1205 individuals with a mean ± sd age of 23.8 ± 11.3 years. Seven patients had TSH levels <0.4 mU/l and were excluded from the comparison between groups. HbA1c levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and disease duration were similar in all groups (P = 0.893, P = 0.548, P = 0.461, P = 0.575 and P = 0.764, respectively). The rates of diabetic retinopathy and GFR < 60/mL/min/1.73 m2 differed between groups (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively) and were lower in those with lower TSH levels. Multivariate analysis confirmed these associations. The frequencies of retinopathy and GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were higher not only in patients with TSH ≥ 4.5 mU/l (odds ratio 1.878 and 2.271, respectively) but also in those with TSH levels of 2.5–4.4 mU/l (odds ratio 1.493 and 2.286, respectively), when compared with patients with TSH levels of 0.4–2.5 mU/l.ConclusionsTSH levels of 0.4–2.5 mU/l are associated with a lower risk of diabetic retinopathy and renal failure in individuals with Type 1 diabetes, independently of glycaemic control and duration of the disease.
Obesity index and the risk of diabetes among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes
Authors: Wang L. , Liu H. , Zhang S. , Leng J. , Liu G. , Zhang C. , Li W. Q. , Li N. , Li W. , Li Y. , Sun S. , Yu Z. , Yang X. , Hu G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsThere is some confusion regarding which anthropometric measurement of adiposity should be used to indicate diabetes, especially for Asians. The present study was to evaluate different indicators of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference and body fat) with Type 2 diabetes risk among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional survey in 1263 women with gestational diabetes at 1–5 years after delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of BMI, waist circumference and body fat with Type 2 diabetes risk.ResultsBMI, waist circumference and body fat were all associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes among women with prior gestational diabetes (all Ptrend < 0.001). After adjustment for waist circumference and body fat, the positive association of BMI with Type 2 diabetes risk became non‐significant and reversed. There was a significantly positive association of waist circumference with Type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment for BMI, and a significantly positive association of body fat with Type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment for both BMI and waist circumference. When the joint effects were examined, the significantly positive associations of waist circumference or body fat with Type 2 diabetes risk were consistent among women with different levels of BMI, and the positive association of BMI and Type 2 diabetes risk was significant among women with gestational diabetes with a waist circumference of ≥ 50% or body fat ≥ 50%.ConclusionsBMI, waist circumference and body fat were all associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, and waist circumference and body fat were better indicators than BMI for Type 2 diabetes risk among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes.
Ovipositional preferences and larval survival of annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis, on Poa annua and selected bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.)
Authors: Kostromytska Olga S. , Koppenhöfer Albrecht M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe annual bluegrass weevil (ABW), Listronotus maculicollis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious and expanding pest of short‐cut turfgrass on golf courses in eastern North America. Increasing problems with the development of insecticide resistance in this pest highlights the need for more sustainable management approaches. Plant resistance is one of the most promising alternative strategies. Bentgrasses are the dominant grass species on golf course fairways, tees, and putting greens in the areas affected by ABW. But Poa annua L. (Poaceae), a highly invasive weed, often constitutes a large percentage of turf stands in short‐mown golf courses and is thought to be particularly susceptible to ABW. We studied resistance to ABW in four cultivars of creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera L., and two cultivars each of colonial bentgrass, Agrostis capillaris L., and velvet bentgrass, Agrostis canina L. (Poaceae), in comparison with P. annua by addressing the three major components of resistance: antixenosis (adult ovipositional and feeding preferences), antibiosis (larval survival and growth), and grass tolerance (grass damage). Our findings suggest that antixenosis/non‐preference is at least partially involved in bentgrass resistance to ABW. Even though oviposition was observed in all tested grasses, females laid significantly fewer eggs in Agrostis spp. than in P. annua. Compared to P. annua, Agrostis spp. were also less suitable for larval development with lower numbers of ABW immatures recovered and larvae weighing less and being less advanced in development. Resistance levels to ABW larvae varied significantly among Agrostis spp. and cultivars. Agrostis canina was least preferred by females for oviposition and A. stolonifera was the least suitable for larval survival and development. Agrostis spp., especially A. stolonifera, were more tolerant to ABW feeding than P. annua. Our findings suggest that reduction in P. annua and replacement with Agrostis spp., especially A. stolonifera, wherever feasible should be integral to more sustainable approaches to ABW management.
Recent observations of sooty bark disease of sycamore maple in Prague (Czech Republic) and the phylogenetic placement of Cryptostroma corticale
Authors: Koukol O. , Kelnarová I. , Černý K. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe anamorphic fungus Cryptostroma corticale (Xylariaceae) causing sooty bark disease (SBD) of Acer pseudoplatanus has been reported within the past decade in several European countries. In the last decade, severe drought conditions during summer also resulted in an outbreak of SBD in park areas in Prague (Czech Republic). Trees with the typical syndromes were recorded in four localities in Prague. Some trees were also located in the alluvial plain of the Vltava River with groundwater available all year long. We suppose that the trees were stressed by full water saturation for several months after flood in 2012 and that SBD was triggered by anoxia and subsequent phytopththora root rot. Sterile fungi isolated from one tree and one lesion were identified as C. corticale based on the similarity of their ITS rDNA sequences with strains of C. corticale in a public collection. Furthermore, C. corticale was placed in the family Xylariaceae within the genus Biscogniauxia based on phylogenetic analysis of four genes (ITS nrDNA, actin, RPB2 and β‐tubulin). The closest relatives are B. bartholomei and Graphostroma platystoma.
Behavioural activation therapy for adolescents ‘at risk’ for psychosis?
Authors: Welsh Patrick , Kitchen Charlotte E.W. , Ekers David , Webster Lisa , Tiffin Paul A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe following hypothesis explores the possibility of using behavioural activation therapy for adolescents with an at‐risk mental state for psychosis. Support is drawn from psychosis‐related survey and pilot data as well as a robust evidence base for adult depression. However, we acknowledge that extensive feasibility work is required before exploring this hypothesis further.
Depressive symptoms in first‐episode psychosis: a 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Sönmez Nasrettin , Røssberg Jan Ivar , Evensen Julie , Barder Helene Eidsmo , Haahr Ulrik , ten Velden Hegelstad Wenche , Joa Inge , Johannessen Jan Olav , Langeveld Hans , Larsen Tor Ketil , Melle Ingrid , Opjordsmoen Stein , Rund Bjørn Rishovd , Simonsen Erik , Vaglum Per , McGlashan Thomas , Friis Svein 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsThe present study examined if any patient characteristics at baseline predicted depressive symptoms at 10 years and whether patients prone to depressive symptoms in the first year of treatment had a different prognosis in the following years.MethodA total of 299 first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed for depressive symptoms with PANSS depression item (g6) at baseline, and 1, 2, 5 and 10 years of follow up. At 10 years, depressive symptoms were also assessed with Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). A PANSS g6 ≥ 4 and CDSS score ≥ 6 were used as a cut‐off score for depression.ResultsA total of 122 (41%) patients were scored as depressed at baseline, 75 (28%) at 1 year, 50 (20%) at 2 years, 33 (16%) at 5 years, and 35 (19%) at 10 years of follow up. Poor childhood social functioning and alcohol use at baseline predicted depression at 10 years of follow up. Thirty‐eight patients were depressed at both baseline and 1 year follow up. This group had poorer symptomatic and functional outcome in the follow‐up period compared to a group of patients with no depression in the first year of treatment.ConclusionDepressive symptoms are frequent among FEP patients at baseline but decrease after treatment because their general symptoms have been initiated. Patients with poor social functioning in childhood and alcohol use at baseline are more prone to have depressive symptoms at 10 years of follow up. Patients struggling with depressive symptoms in the first year of treatment should be identified as having poorer long‐term prognosis.
Outcome measures in haemophilia: a systematic review
Authors: Boehlen Françoise , Graf Lukas , Berntorp Erik 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHaemophilia A and B are hereditary X‐linked disorders due to deficiency (or absence) of coagulation factor VIII or IX, respectively. Bleeding risk is related to the severity of factor deficiency. Repeated joint bleeding can lead to a severe haemophilic arthropathy resulting in disabilities. Outcome measurements in persons with haemophilia (PWH) have been limited to laboratory evaluation (factor VIII or IX levels) and clinical outcomes (such as bleeding frequency), morbidity (for example linked with arthropathy) and mortality. Due to the new standard of care of PWH, there is a need to consider other outcome measures, such as the early detection and quantification of joint disease, health‐related quality of life (QoL) and economic or cost–utility analyses. To investigate this, we performed a 10‐yr systematic overview of outcome measures in haemophilia. Only clinical trials including at least 20 patients with haemophilia A or B were included. To facilitate the search strategy, eight issues of outcome measures were selected: physical scores, imaging technique scores, functional scores, QoL measurement, mortality, bleeding frequency, cost and outcome and bone mineral density. The results of these will be discussed. Clearly defined outcomes in haemophilia care are important for many reasons, to evaluate new treatments, to justify treatment strategies, to allow a good follow‐up, to perform studies and to allocate resources. The use of such scoring systems is clearly recommended by experts in haemophilia care. However, most centres do not perform such scores outside clinical trials due to reasons such as lack of time and resources.
Rhizospheric organic compounds in the soil–microorganism–plant system: their role in iron availability
Authors: Mimmo T. , Del Buono D. , Terzano R. , Tomasi N. , Vigani G. , Crecchio C. , Pinton R. , Zocchi G. , Cesco S. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryPoor iron (Fe) availability in soil represents one of the most important limiting factors of agricultural production and is closely linked to physical, chemical and biological processes within the rhizosphere as a result of soil–microorganism–plant interactions. Iron shortage induces several mechanisms in soil organisms, resulting in an enhanced release of inorganic (such as protons) and organic (organic acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, phytosiderophores, siderophores, phenolics and enzymes) compounds to increase the solubility of poorly available Fe pools. However, rhizospheric organic compounds (ROCs) have short half‐lives because of the large microbial activity at the soil–root interface, which might limit their effects on Fe mobility and acquisition. In addition, ROCs also have a selective effect on the microbial community present in the rhizosphere. This review aims therefore to unravel these complex dynamics with the objective of providing an overview of the rhizosphere processes involved in Fe acquisition by soil organisms (plants and microorganisms). In particular, the review provides information on (i) Fe availability in soils, including mineral weathering and Fe mobilization from soil minerals, ligand and element competition and plant‐microbe competition; (ii) microbe–plant interactions, focusing on beneficial microbial communities and their association with plants, which in turn influences plant mineral nutrition; (iii) plant–soil interactions involving the metabolic changes triggered by Fe deficiency and the processes involved in exudate release from roots; and (iv) the influence of agrochemicals commonly used in agricultural production systems on rhizosphere processes related to Fe availability and acquisition by crops.
Targeting adenosine receptors to prevent inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Gessi Stefania , Merighi Stefania , Borea Pier Andrea 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAdenosine mediates its effects through activation of a family of four G‐protein‐coupled receptors, named A1, A2A, A2B and A3. This nucleoside plays an important role in immunity and inflammation, and the A2A adenosine receptor subtype has a key role in the inhibition of inflammatory processes besides promoting wound healing. In this issue of Experimental Dermatology, Arasa et al. show that the topical application of a selective A2A agonist, CGS 21680, to mouse skin reduced epidermal hyperplasia as well as skin inflammation, similarly to topical corticoids, without side effects like skin atrophy. Rigorously following up this work is important for the development of novel treatment strategies for chronic hyperproliferative inflammatory dermatoses, such as targeting the A2A adenosine receptor family.
A collective navigation hypothesis for homeward migration in anadromous salmonids
Authors: Berdahl Andrew , Westley Peter A H , Levin Simon A , Couzin Iain D , Quinn Thomas P 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAnadromous salmon (generaOncorhynchusandSalmo) spend much of their lives feeding in productive northern oceans and then return home to natal sites for reproduction with remarkable accuracy. The mechanisms used for navigation by individuals during migrations are thought to include geomagnetic, celestial and olfactory cues, but rarely are social interactions between individuals considered. Mounting evidence from other taxa indicates that individuals in larger groups can better sense and respond to environmental cues, thus potentially increasing their ability to navigate. Here, we propose that salmon might similarly benefit from collective navigation on their homeward journey. To explore this, we compiled data from multiple studies and found strong evidence that rates of successful homing increase with population abundance, consistent with collective navigation. We then discuss how collective navigation could benefit salmon during each stage of their seaward and homeward migrations, and complement this with a review of salmon sociality. Next, we analyse historic high‐seas catch records and provide new insight into schooling structure of salmon in the marine environment. We argue that collective navigation likely represents a presently under‐appreciated mechanism enhancing the navigational ability of salmon as well as other migratory species, and outline critical tests of our hypothesis.
Crystal structure of the yeast TRAPP‐associated protein Tca17
Authors: Wang Chengcheng , Gohlke Ulrich , Roske Yvette , Heinemann Udo 
Published: June 2014

The transport protein particle (TRAPP) is a hetero‐multimeric complex involved in the trafficking of COP II (coat protein complex II) vesicles. TRAPP is present in different eukaryotes from yeast to vertebrates and occurs in three distinct modifications with function in different intracellular transport steps. All forms contain a core of five essential subunits, and the different species of TRAPP are formed by the addition of various subunits. A recently identified TRAPP‐associated protein, Tca17, is supposed to be involved in the regulation of the transport complex. We have determined the three‐dimensional structure of yeast Tca17 by X‐ray crystallography at a resolution of 1.8 Å. It adopts the longin fold characteristic for the Bet5 family of TRAPP subunits, and it also shares a binding motif of these for the interaction with other members of the complex. Two alternative models of the localization of Tca17 within TRAPP as well as its potential role in the regulation of TRAPP function by transient integration into the complex are discussed.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Databank under accession number 3PR6.
Membrane remodeling capacity of a vesicle‐inducing glycosyltransferase
Authors: Ge Changrong , Gómez‐Llobregat Jordi , Skwark Marcin J. , Ruysschaert Jean‐Marie , Wieslander Åke , Lindén Martin 
Published: June 2014

Intracellular vesicles are abundant in eukaryotic cells but absent in the Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli. However, strong overexpression of a monotopic glycolipid‐synthesizing enzyme, monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase from Acholeplasma laidlawii (alMGS), leads to massive formation of vesicles in the cytoplasm of E. coli. More importantly, alMGS provides a model system for the regulation of membrane properties by membrane‐bound enzymes, which is critical for maintaining cellular integrity. Both phenomena depend on how alMGS binds to cell membranes, which is not well understood. Here, we carry out a comprehensive investigation of the membrane binding of alMGS by combining bioinformatics methods with extensive biochemical studies, structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. We find that alMGS binds to the membrane in a fairly upright manner, mainly by residues in the N‐terminal domain, and in a way that induces local enrichment of anionic lipids and a local curvature deformation. Furthermore, several alMGS variants resulting from substitution of residues in the membrane anchoring segment are still able to generate vesicles, regardless of enzymatic activity. These results clarify earlier theories about the driving forces for vesicle formation, and shed new light on the membrane binding properties and enzymatic mechanism of alMGS and related monotopic GT‐B fold glycosyltransferases.