bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular Pulse Amplitude in Patients with Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Božić Marija M. , Knežević Miroslav M. , Risimić Dijana S. , Čubrilo Katarina M. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose TO determine ocular pulse volume values in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with normal intraocular pressure, and to test the hypothesis that changes in orbital tissue that accompany thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy can in turn give changes in choroidal perfusion. Methods In a prospective study, we evaluated 30 eyes of 30 consecutive patients with TAO, and 30 eyes of 30 healthy subjects. Complete ophthalmologic examination including dynamic contour tonometry was done. Possible differences in ocular parameters between the tested groups were assessed. Results NO significant difference was found in ocular pulse volume values between the tested subjects (paired test p=0.23). Conclusions The orbit tissue changes that are involved in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy do not have much implication on choroidal perfusion, at least when intraocular pressure values remain within the normal range.
Venous Aneurysms in Autogenous Hemodialysis Fistulas: Is There an Association with Venous Outflow Stenosis?
Authors: Rajput Anshu , Rajan Dheeraj K. , Simons Martin E. , Sniderman Kenneth W. , Jaskolka Jeffrey D. , Beecroft John R. , Kachura John R. , Tan Kong T. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose To determine whether patients with venous aneurysms in their arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have associated venous outflow stenoses. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was performed, which included all patients presenting with dysfunction and had venous aneurysms in their AVFs. Patient's medical records and imaging studies were examined and data collected including access characteristics, patient demographics and imaging findings. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 89 patients (58 men, 31 women; mean age 60) presented for intervention related to access dysfunction with incident venous aneurysms over the study period. Of the 89 patients with venous aneurysms (mean diameter 2.3 cm) of their AVF's, 69 (78%) patients had an associated venous outflow stenosis. The stenoses were present most commonly in the outflow cephalic vein (57%), followed by the cephalic arch (20%), brachiocephalic vein (10%) and subclavian vein (6%). Outflow stenoses in AVFs with venous aneurysms were observed in 87% of brachiocephalic AVFs, 60% of radiocephalic AVFs and 80% of brachiobasilic AVFs. Brachiocephalic AVFs with venous aneurysms were significantly more likely to have an associated outflow stenosis than radiocephalic AVFs with venous aneurysms (P=0.007). AVFs with outflow stenosis were on average 1502 days old while AVFs without outflow stenosis were on average 2351 days old, which was a statistically significant difference (P=0.031). No statistically significant differences were observed for sex and side of the fistula. Conclusions Outflow stenosis was observed to be associated with venous aneurysms in AVFs with a more statistically significant association in brachiocephalic AVFs compared to other AVFs.
Thioethers as Directing Group for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Arenes
Authors: Yao Jinzhong , Yu Ming , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThioethers have proven to be efficient directing groups for the arylation of arenes under palladium catalysis. The thioether group can be readily removed or converted to other functional groups. Kinetic isotopic effect studies reveal that the CH cleavage of arenes might be the turnover‐limiting step.
Twenty years of work‐related injury and illness among union carpenters in Washington State
Authors: McCoy Amanda J. , Kucera Kristen L. , Schoenfisch Ashley L. , Silverstein Barbara A. , Lipscomb Hester J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals who work in the construction industry are at high risk of occupational injury. Robust surveillance systems are needed to monitor the experiences of these workers over time.MethodsWe updated important surveillance data for a unique occupational cohort of union construction workers to provide information on long‐term trends in their reported work‐related injuries and conditions. Combining administrative data sources, we identified a dynamic cohort of union carpenters who worked in Washington State from 1989 through 2008, their hours worked by month, and their workers' compensation claims. Incidence rates of reported work‐related injuries and illnesses were examined. Poisson regression was used to assess risk by categories of age, gender, time in the union, and calendar time contrasting medical only and paid lost time claims.ResultsOver the 20‐year study period, 24,830 carpenters worked 192.4 million work hours. Work‐related injuries resulting in medical care or paid lost time (PLT) from work occurred at a rate of 24.3 per 200,000 hr worked (95% CI: 23.5–25.0). Medical only claims declined 62% and PLT claims declined 77%; more substantive declines were seen for injuries resulting from being struck and falls to a lower level than from overexertion with lifting. Differences in risk based on union tenure and age diminished over time as well.ConclusionsSignificant declines in rates of reported work‐related injuries and illnesses were observed over the 20‐year period among these union carpenters. Greater declines were observed among workers with less union tenure and for claims resulting in PLT. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:381–388, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Untersuchungen zum Verhalten von mit Nanopartikeln imprägniertem Holz bei Freibewitterung
Authors: Niemz Peter , Mannes David , Herbers Yvonne , Koch Walter 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEs wurde die Witterungsbeständigkeit von Fichtenholz und Buchen holz nach Beschichtung mit verschiedenen nanoskaligen Hydrophobierungsmitteln und vergleichsweise dazu mit einem üblichen Lack getestet. Die Imprägnierung des Holzes erfolgte über Streich‐ oder Druckimprägnierung. Erfasst wurden Änderungen der Farbkennwerte, der Benetzungswinkel, der Holzfeuchte sowie der visuelle Gesamteindruck. Bei allen Materialien und Beschichtungs arten trat bereits nach kurzer Zeit eine Vergrauung auf. Diese war beim Standardlack am geringsten. Diese Tendenz spiegeln auch die Farbmessungen wieder. Der Benetzungsrandwinkel reduzierte sich zunehmend, das zeigt, dass der Hydrophobierungseffekt nach lässt. Beim Standardlack war der Effekt deutlich geringer ausgeprägt. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass es weder mit Streich‐ noch mit Druckimprägnierung gelang, das Imprägnierungsmittel ausreichend tief in das Holz einzubringen und zu fixieren. Dies deckt sich mit den Ergebnissen der Flüssigkeitsaufnahmekoeffizienten, über die in vorangegangenen Arbeiten berichtet wurde.Investigation regarding the behaviour of wood impregnated with nano‐particles and exposed to the open weather. The weather resistance of Norway spruce and beech wood has been tested following coating with various nano‐scale hydrophobising compounds, and has been compared with reference samples that were coated with a standard varnish. The impregnation of the timber was carried out by brush coating or a pressure process. The test results focused on changes in colorimetric values, wetting angle, timber moisture and the overall appearance. All materials and types of coating were subject to a greying of colour after a short while. The standard varnish showed the least discoloration. This tendency was also reflected in the colorimetric measurements. The wetting edge angle increasingly reduced, indicating that the hydrophobising effect was also reducing. With the standard varnish, this effect was clearly less pronounced. Overall, the tests showed that it had not been possible to inject the timber sufficiently deeply with the impregnation compound, and fix it, with either the brush or pressure impregnation method. This confirms the findings obtained in fluid retention co‐efficient tests which were reported in previous articles.
Geschichte ohne Kausalität. Abgrenzungsstrategien gegen die Wissenschaftssoziologie in zeitgenössischen Ansätzen historischer Epistemologie
Authors: Kinzel Katherina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHistory Without Causality. How Contemporary Historical Epistemology Demarcates Itself From the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge. Contemporary proponents of historical epistemology often try to delimit their enterprise by demarcating it from the sociology of scientific knowledge and other sociologically oriented approaches in the history of science. Their criticism is directed against the use of causal explanations which are deemed to invite reductionism and lead to a totalizing perspective on science. In the present article I want to analyse this line of criticism in what I consider are two paradigmatic works of contemporary historical epistemology: Lorraine Daston's und Peter Galison's Objectivity and Hans‐Jörg Rheinberger's Toward a History of Epistemic Things. I first present their arguments against the sociological and causal analysis of scientific knowledge and practice and then try to defend sociological work in the history of science against their charges. I will, however, not do so by defending causal explanations directly. Rather, I will show that the arguments against sociological analysis put forward in contemporary historical epistemology, as well as historical epistemology's own models of historical explanation and narration, bear problematic consequences. I argue that Daston, Galison and Rheinberger fail to create productive resonances between macro‐ and microhistorical perspectives, that they reproduce an internalist picture of scientific knowledge, and finally that Rheinberger's attempt to deconstruct the dichotomy between subject and object leads him to neglect questions about the political dimension of scientific research.
Science and the History of the Sciences. Conceptual Innovations Through Historicizing Science in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Ziche Paul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWissenschaft und die Geschichte der Wissenschaften. Begriffliche Innovationen im Zuge der Historisierung der Wissenschaften im 18. Jahrhundert. Die historische Rekonstruktion der Wissenschaften ist auf vielfältige Weise mit philosophischen Diskussionen des 18. Jahrhunderts verknüpft. Insbesondere teilen die Philosophiegeschichtsschreibung und die Historiographie der Wissenschaften das konzeptuelle Problem, eine Vielzahl wissenschaftlicher bzw. philosophischer Praktiken unter einem gemeinsamen Oberbegriff zu versammeln. Die historische Analyse der Entwicklung der Wissenschaften bietet hierzu einen Zugang, in dem die Definition von “Wissenschaft” bzw. “Wissenschaften” ebenso zur Diskussion steht wie die Systematisierung der Wissenschaften. In einer Analyse dieses begrifflichen Problems und einer Typologisierung wissenschaftshistorischer Ansätze des 18. Jahrhunderts wird die enge Interaktion philosophischer und wissenschaftshistorischer bzw. – allgemeiner – wissenschaftsreflexiver Diskurse im 18. Jahrhundert aufgezeigt.
Wissenschaftsgeschichte und Wissenschaftsphilosophie – Einführende Bemerkungen
Authors: Ash Mitchell G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHistory of Science and Philosophy of Science. Introductory Remarks. This article introduces two special issues of the journal History of Science Reports (Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte) with contributions on the relationships of history and philosophy of science since the seventeenth century. The introduction begins with a brief reminder of Thomas Kuhn's provocative discussion of the relationship in the 1970s, placing it in the context of the debate of the period over whether the foundation of university departments for History and Philosophy of Science in the United States had led to a mere “marriage of convenience” or something more. Following this the paper briefly outlines the transformative impact of the “practical turn” in both philosophy and history of science since the 1990s, and contends that the relationship of history and philosophy of science has nonetheless become increasingly distant over time. This is due in large part to the professionalisation of history of science and to the recent turn to cultural approaches in that field; both trends have led to the adoption of strictly historicist rather than analytical perspectives on knowledge. General historians, too, are paying more attention to the increasing impact of science and technology, but have at most instrumental use for philosophical perspectives. Thus, the distinct possibility arises that the debate between historical and analytical approaches in philosophy of science is becoming a conversation within one discipline rather than a dialogue between two disciplines: what was once a „marriage of convenience”︁ could end in respectful separation or amicable divorce. The article concludes with brief summaries of the articles published in the two special issues, indicating their relations to specific aspects of the broader topic at hand.
The effect of protein a cycle number on the performance and lifetime of an anion exchange polishing step
Authors: Iskra Timothy , Bolton Glen R. , Coffman Jonathan L. , Godavarti Ranga 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMost mAb platform purification processes consist of an affinity capture step followed by one or two polishing steps. An understanding of the performance linkages between the unit operations can lead to robust manufacturing processes. In this study, a weak‐partitioning anion‐exchange chromatography polishing step used in a mAb purification process was characterized through high‐throughput screening (HTS) experiments, small‐scale experiments including a cycling study performed on qualified scale‐down models, and large‐scale manufacturing runs. When material from a Protein A column that had been cycled <10× was loaded on the AEX resin, early breakthrough of impurities and premature loss of capacity was observed. As the cycle number on the Protein A resin increased, the capacity of the subsequent AEX step increased. Different control strategies were considered for preventing impurity breakthrough and improving AEX resin lifetimes. Depth filtration of the Protein A peak pool significantly improved the AEX resin capacity, robustness, and lifetime. Further, the turbidity of the Protein A pool has the potential for use as an in‐process control parameter for monitoring the performance of the AEX step. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1142–1152. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shear stress during early embryonic stem cell differentiation promotes hematopoietic and endothelial phenotypes
Authors: Wolfe Russell P. , Ahsan Tabassum 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a potential source for cell‐based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, but their translation into clinical use will require efficient and robust methods for promoting differentiation. Fluid shear stress, which can be readily incorporated into scalable bioreactors, may be one solution for promoting endothelial and hematopoietic phenotypes from ESCs. Here we applied laminar shear stress to differentiating ESCs using a 2D adherent parallel plate configuration to systematically investigate the effects of several mechanical parameters. Treatment similarly promoted endothelial and hematopoietic differentiation for shear stress magnitudes ranging from 1.5 to 15 dyne/cm2 and for cells seeded on collagen‐, fibronectin‐ or laminin‐coated surfaces. Extension of the treatment duration consistently induced an endothelial response, but application at later stages of differentiation was less effective at promoting hematopoietic phenotypes. Furthermore, inhibition of the FLK1 protein (a VEGF receptor) neutralized the effects of shear stress, implicating the membrane protein as a critical mediator of both endothelial and hematopoietic differentiation by applied shear. Using a systematic approach, studies such as these help elucidate the mechanisms involved in force‐mediated stem cell differentiation and inform scalable bioprocesses for cellular therapies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1231–1242. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biomimetic injectable HUVEC‐adipocytes/collagen/alginate microsphere co‐cultures for adipose tissue engineering
Authors: Yao Rui , Zhang Renji , Lin Feng , Luan Jie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEngineering adipose tissue that has the ability to engraft and establish a vascular supply is a laudable goal that has broad clinical relevance, particularly for tissue reconstruction. In this article, we developed novel microtissues from surface‐coated adipocyte/collagen/alginate microspheres and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co‐cultures that resembled the components and structure of natural adipose tissue. Firstly, collagen/alginate hydrogel microspheres embedded with viable adipocytes were obtained to mimic fat lobules. Secondly, collagen fibrils were allowed to self‐assemble on the surface of the microspheres to mimic collagen fibrils surrounding the fat lobules in the natural adipose tissue and facilitate HUVEC attachment and co‐cultures formation. Thirdly, the channels formed by the gap among the microspheres served as the room for in vitro prevascularization and in vivo blood vessel development. The endothelial cell layer outside the microspheres was a starting point of rapid vascular ingrowth. Adipose tissue formation was analyzed for 12 weeks at 4‐week intervals by subcutaneous injection into the head of node mice. The vasculature in the regenerated tissue showed functional anastomosis with host blood vessels. Long‐term stability of volume and weight of the injection was observed, indicating that the vasculature formed within the constructs benefited the formation, maturity, and maintenance of adipose tissue. This study provides a microsurgical method for adipose regeneration and construction of biomimetic model for drug screening studies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1430–1443. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Child Abuse in Irish Catholic Settings: A Non‐Reductionist Account
Authors: Pilgrim David 
Published: November 2012

The reputation of the Irish Catholic Church has been damaged, maybe irrevocably, by the extensive evidence of child abuse in its midst. This paper summarises the evidence for that crisis and goes on to offer a multi‐factorial and non‐reductionist account of the abuse in a wider context. By adopting a systemic approach, this account aims to discern those factors which are peculiar to the Irish case and those that have more general significance for child protection. The Irish case demonstrates a complex set of conditions of possibility for child abuse. Some of these were only relevant to Ireland and the Catholic Church but some were not. In particular, varieties of systemic isolation and the a priori social marginalisation of victims are important to consider as salient risk factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The Irish case demonstrates a complex set of conditions of possibility for child abuseKey Practitioner Messages

Religious settings are sites of vulnerability for children.
The Catholic Church has been under particular scrutiny internationally about child abuse in its midst.
The Irish Church warrants additional scrutiny because of the enmeshment of State and Church.
However, child abuse can be found in other countries, in other denominations and in secular organisations.
These general and particular features are best understood using a systemic framework to avoid reductionist accounts of abuse.‘Best understood using a systemic framework to avoid reductionist accounts of abuse’
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of C3 Alcohols on Au, Pt and Pt‐Modified Au Electrodes
Authors: Jin C. , Sun X. , Chen Z. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reactivity of 1‐propanol, 1,3‐propanediol, 1,2‐propanediol and glycerol in electrocatalytic oxidation on Au, Pt and Pt‐modified Au electrodes in alkaline solution has been investigated. Pt‐modified Au electrodes have been prepared by depositing platinum on Au polycrystalline electrodes by the linear sweep voltammetric method. The oxidation of C3 alcohols on an individual electrode shows only a little difference in peak potential but a significant difference in peak current, and peak current is determined by the number and position of hydroxyl groups in the molecular chain. The oxidation of an individual C3 alcohol on Au and Pt electrodes shows the advantages of the Au electrode in peak current and of the Pt electrode in oxidation potential. Pt modification significantly improves the catalytic activity of Au electrodes. The catalytic activity shown by Pt‐modified Au electrodes reflects the advantages of both Pt and Au electrodes.
Stabilization of Carotenoids
Authors: Pertig D. , Schäfer C. , Ulrich J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStability of carotenoids is a key for successful product form development and of particular interest in synthesis and adjacent crystallization as well as in formulation processes. Ethyl acetate was used as model solvent to demonstrate decomposition of astaxanthin due to the presence of traces of acetic acid and oxygen. Based on solvent pretreatments, i.e., by means of oxygen stripping, the stability could be enhanced significantly. Additionally, the stability was improved with regard to the desired isomeric configuration. Deceleration of the carotenoid isomerization by potassium carbonate was demonstrated in dichloromethane. In the case of corn oil, the degradation was negligible under ambient conditions, while decomposition occurred at higher temperatures. Presence and quantity of peroxides proved to be indicators for oil quality and associated degradation kinetics.
From Graftable Biphotonic Chromophores to Water‐Soluble Organic Nanodots for Biophotonics: The Importance of Environmental Effects
Authors: Rouxel Cédric , Charlot Marina , Mongin Olivier , Krishna Tathavarathy Rama , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe photophysical and two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties of biphotonic chromophores with one or two phenol pendant units were studied and compared with that of a model biphotonic quadrupolar chromophore. A water‐soluble dendritic structure was then synthesized by using the pendant moieties as starting points for the construction of dendritic branches. We show that the polarity of the environment significantly modulates both the fluorescence and the TPA responses of the different chromophoric derivatives. This extends to more subtle effects that involve phenol pendant moieties that were found to act as discrete solvating units and to modify both the photophysics and the TPA response of the chromophore. This demonstrates the high sensitivity of the TPA response of quadrupolar derivatives to minute alterations in the environment. Moreover, the dendritic branches were found to behave as a peculiar cybotactic environment that was able to tune the fluorescence and TPA response of the inner chromophore by creating a polar environment. This reveals a new direction for exploiting such effects by playing on the dendritic architecture (e.g., the nature and shape of the building blocks, the geometry and position of the chromophore) to modulate the TPA responses.
ChemInform Abstract: Bixbyite‐Type V2O3 — A Metastable Polymorph of Vanadium Sesquioxide.
Authors: Lerch M. , et al. et al. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA metastable polymorph of V2O3 is prepared by reaction of VF3 with a water‐saturated gaseous mixture of 10 vol% H2 in Ar at 873 K for 2.5 h.
ChemInform Abstract: NaSc3[HPO3]2 [HPO2(OH)]6: Synthesis, Cyrstal Structure and Thermal Decomposition.
Authors: Chen Shuang , Prots Yurii , Kniep Ruediger , Hoffmann Stefan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by a phosphorus acid flux method starting with Sc2O3, Na2HPO3, H3PO3, and Na2B4O7 (autoclave, 180 °C, 6 d).