bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive tools are necessary for the modern practice of liver surgery
Authors: Yu Young-Dong , Halazun Karim J. , Chandwani Rohit , Samstein Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Minimally invasive liver resection (MILR) is performed for other gastrointestinal applications. At our centre, all liver resections are systematically performed using a minimally invasive approach. This study aimed to describe our experience in minimising open surgery and emphasised the importance of minimally invasive surgery.

Patients and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 260 patients who underwent liver surgery and compared the surgical outcomes between the open and MILR groups.

Results:
A total of 154 patients (68%) underwent MILR. The proportion of patients who underwent prior abdominal surgery and resection was higher in the open surgery group. However, the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis was similar between the two groups. The MILR group was superior in terms of operative time, blood loss, Pringle manoeuvre rate and mean hospital stay. In addition, major complication and bile leak rates were lower in the MILR group. No significant differences in the tumour size, number of lesions or underlying liver pathology were observed between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Acceptable outcomes can be achieved even when the minimally invasive approach is considered the primary option for all patients who require liver resection. Minimally invasive tools are necessary for the modern practice of liver surgery; therefore, laparoscopic or robotic surgery should be included in the armamentarium of liver surgeons.
Identification of Circular Patterns in Capsule Endoscopy Bubble Frames
Authors: Mir Hossein , Sadeghi Vahid , Vard Alireza , Dehnavi Alireza Mehri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
A significant number of frames captured by the wireless capsule endoscopy are involved with varying amounts of bubbles. Whereas different studies have considered bubbles as nonuseful agents due to the fact that they reduce the visualization quality of the small intestine mucosa, this research aims to develop a practical way of assessing the rheological capability of the circular bubbles as a suggestion for future clinical diagnostic purposes.

Methods:
From the Kvasir-capsule endoscopy dataset, frames with varying levels of bubble engagements were chosen in two categories based on bubble size. Border reflections are present on the edges of round-shaped bubbles in their boundaries, and in the frequency domain, high-frequency bands correspond to these edges in the spatial domain. The first step is about high-pass filtering of border reflections using wavelet transform (WT) and Differential of Gaussian, and the second step is related to applying the Fast Circlet Transform (FCT) and the Hough transform as circle detection tools on extracted borders and evaluating the distribution and abundance of all bubbles with the variety of radii.

Results:
Border’s extraction using WT as a preprocessing approach makes it easier for circle detection tool for better concentration on high-frequency circular patterns. Consequently, applying FCT with predefined parameters can specify the variety and range of radius and the abundance for all bubbles in an image. The overall discrimination factor (ODF) of 15.01, and 7.1 showing distinct bubble distributions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The discrimination in ODF from datasets 1–2 suggests a relationship between the rheological properties of bubbles and their coverage area plus their abundance, highlighting the WT and FCT performance in determining bubbles’ distributions for diagnostic objectives.

Conclusion:
The implementation of an object-oriented attitude in gastrointestinal analysis makes it intelligible for gastroenterologists to approximate the constituent features of intra-intestinal fluids. this can’t be evaluated until the bubbles are considered as non-useful agents. The obtained results from the datasets proved that the difference between the calculated ODF can be used as an indicator for the quality estimation of intraintestinal fluids’ rheological features like viscosity, which helps gastroenterologists evaluate the quality of patient digestion.
Effectiveness of Hands-On Training Regarding Basic Life Support (BLS) on Knowledge Among Saveetha College of Arts and Science Final Year Students
Authors: Dayana BAA , Shek Abdullah M , Priyadarsini A , Cecyli C , Jagadeeswari J 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cardiac disorders are major global death causes, necessitating emergency measures in sudden cardiac arrests. Successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, performed by medical team members, significantly reduces death rates from cardiac arrest, a growing concern across all age groups.

Aim:
The study evaluates the impact of hands-on basic life support (BLS) training program on final-year students’ knowledge of BLS.

Materials and Methods:
A pre- and post-test study was conducted among 60 students at Saveetha College of Liberal Arts and Science. A convenient sampling technique was used to select the samples. The demographic variables were collected by using multiple-choice questionnaires.

Result:
Results showed an effective level of knowledge and skill in BLS, indicating the need for further research.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that the level of knowledge and skill among final-year students of Saveetha College of Arts and Science was found to be effective in gaining knowledge regarding BLS in the post-test.
Morbidity pattern of tea garden residents of Darjeeling, India
Authors: Sarkar Rivam , Dasgupta Pallabi , Bhattacherjee Sharmistha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tea industry is an important agroindustry of the northern part of West Bengal. Poor socioeconomic conditions, illiteracy, culture and food habit, overcrowding, make the population vulnerable to various communicable and noncommunicable diseases. This study was done to identify the pattern of communicable and noncommunicable diseases among the outpatient attendees of a tea-estate in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. The cross-sectional record-based study was conducted among the beneficiaries of the tea-garden clinic. Among them, proportion having non-communicable diseases (65.2%) were higher than communicable disease (34.8%). Most of the communicable (61.9%) and noncommunicable (87.9%) diseases were among 20–60 years age group. Among them, majority of the communicable disease were respiratory (51.9%) and mainly upper respiratory tract infection (100%). In this age group, majority of the cardiovascular problem were hypertension (96%) and majority of the musculoskeletal diseases were joint pain (79%). It is necessary to have a knowledge of the recent trends of diseases in the area as reliable information on health problems of a population is an essential prerequisite for formulating health-care system to address health needs.
Knowledge and awareness regarding responsible antibiotic use among the general population of Shimoga district of Karnataka: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wilson Sijin , Koppad Raghavendraswamy , Nagendra Kanchana , Kumari Sakshi , Liana C. , Joseph Ceethal Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Antibiotics are drugs used to treat bacterial infections. A major problem with the irrational use of antibiotics is the emergence of drug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is a current problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the knowledge and awareness level of the general public of Shimoga district of Karnataka, regarding responsible antibiotic use and to correlate the findings with the sociodemographic details.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Shimoga district of Karnataka. Data were collected from 800 adults by door-step interview using a questionnaire after obtaining consent. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and were analyzed using Epi Info software.

Results:
Hardly 8% of the respondents could recall the name of the antibiotic and most were oblivious about the commonly used classes of drugs. Almost 60% believed that antibiotic therapy could be stopped as and when the symptoms were relieved or they felt alright. We tested the respondents’ knowledge of antibiotics and found that it was not favorable.

Conclusions:
We observed a significant gap in respondents’ knowledge and awareness of the responsible use of antibiotics. There is an urgent need for enlightening people on the dangers of the irrational use of antibiotics and training them on responsible ways of using antibiotics.
Monoclonal antibody usage pattern in a tertiary care center: A retrospective study
Authors: Sridhar Shruthi , Kumar Shivakumar Ajay , Teggihal Viraja , Bengalorkar Girish M. , Niveditha G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are agents that are clones of homogenous parent B cells used in managing and diagnosing multiple conditions. They are used for individualized therapy for patients due to their high specificity for an antigen/epitope. Much needs to be understood about their utilization patterns in a developing country like India, where accessibility and cost play a major role in patient care.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the drug prescribing patterns and indications for use of mAbs and compare their availability, with the essential drug list of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National list of essential medicines in India (NLEM).

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from July to December 2021. Data were collected from 237 patients who have visited the tertiary care center or been admitted and have received mAbs. Demographic data, department of admission, diagnosis on admission, and mAbs used during treatment were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Out of the 237 patients, who were eligible for this study, 61.6% of them were males and 38.4% were females. The department of ophthalmology used mAbs most commonly (65.8%). Ranibizumab was the most used mAb in this department and overall.

Conclusion:
Out of the mAbs being used in the tertiary care center, only rituximab was part of the NLEM (India) essential drug list, and six more drugs were present in the WHO essential drug list. The advent of biosimilars is expected to bring costs down significantly for the patient and have better treatment outcomes.
Efficacy of estimations of Hartmann–Shack sensors in small pupil sizes
Authors: Bartol-Puyal Francisco de Asís , Giménez Galadriel , Méndez-Martínez Silvia , Larrosa José M. , Polo Vicente , Pablo Luis 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the estimations of wavefront analyzers using Hartmann–Shack technology to measure optical aberrations when the pupil size is smaller than the evaluated pupil area.

METHODS:
Patients implanted with the monofocal ZCB00 intraocular lens (Johnson and Johnson) were examined with the KR-1W Wavefront Analyzer (Topcon) without pharmacological mydriasis and with it afterward. Optical aberrations were analyzed considering a 4-mm pupil and a 6-mm pupil for both examinations.

RESULTS:
Sixty-six eyes of 33 patients with a mean axial length of 23.35 ± 0.91 mm were assessed. The mean pupil diameter at the baseline examination was 5.05 ± 0.88 mm and under pharmacological mydriasis, it was 6.29 ± 0.84 mm. Outcomes were similar with and without dilation in the 4-mm comparison. However, there was a great disparity in the 6-mm comparison. Most of the values obtained under mydriasis were statistically lower than at baseline (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The iris interferes with measurements of wavefront aberrations, and therefore, real pupil size should always be checked before evaluating optical aberrations with Hartman–Shack sensors. When pupil size is smaller than the analyzed diameter, ocular, and internal, and sometimes, corneal aberrations are estimated far more positive than real values.
Minimally invasive versus open pyeloplasty in pediatric population: Comparative retrospective study in tertiary centre
Authors: Alqarni Naif Hajar , Alyami Fahad Ali , Alshayie Mohammed Abdullah , Abduldaem Alhasan Mohamed , Sultan Mohammed , Almaiman Sultan Sulaiman , Alsufyani Hazim Mohammed , Abunohaiah Ibrahim Sami 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of antenatal hydronephrosis. The incidence is around 1: 750–1500 live births. The standard treatment for (UPJO) is open pyeloplasty (OP) with a high success rate of 90%–95%. In the last 20 years, minimal invasive pyeloplasty (MIP) became an excellent alternative technique to OP which was historically the standard of care.

Materials and Methods:
The study participants were male and female patients aged 14 years old or less who had undergone open/minimally invasive pyeloplasty during 2015–2020 and who had at least 1-year follow-up after surgery. The data were collected retrospectively from patients’ charts. The patients were categorized into two cohort groups: OP and on the other arm minimally invasive pyeloplasty (robotic/laparoscopic) comparing the outcomes as a 1ry endpoint. 2ry endpoints were hospital stay, duration of surgery, and anteroposterior diameter of renal ultrasound.

Results:
A total of 133 patients were included in the study. Eighty-four underwent MIP while 49 patients underwent OP. 1ry endpoint was the success rate in both groups. The success rate was 94% (n: 79) and 98% (n: 48) in patients who underwent MIP and OP, respectively. P <0.05 is considered significant.

Conclusion:
Open and minimally invasive pyeloplasty are comparable in terms of success rate. However, OP was associated with shorter hospital stays and shorter operative times.
The effect of use of alpha-blockers in posterior urethral valve pediatric patients postvalve ablation in the absence of further outlet obstruction
Authors: Aboulela Waseem Nabil , Eladawy Mahmoud Shoukry , Latif Ahmed Abdel 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to detect whether the use of alpha-blockers in posterior urethral valve (PUV) pediatric patients after valve ablation will improve the persistent obstructive symptoms despite the absence of obstruction and if there are associated side effects of its use.

Patients and

Methods: A prospective, single-blinded randomized study was conducted at the urology department of two hospitals on 50 male children between September 2019 and June 2021 with PUV. All children were treated by endoscopic ablation of PUV using the cold knife and were followed clinically for voiding symptoms and with ultrasonography and laboratory tests. All patients underwent second-look cystoscopy 1 month after primary valve ablation to see residual valves as a routine procedure confirming no remnant of the valve and still complaining of obstructive symptoms. They were divided into two equal groups 25 patients each. Group A was given alpha-blockers and Group B placebo for 1 month.

Results:
Marked improvement of obstructive symptoms in Group A reaching about 90% (21 patients), whereas no mentioned improvement in Group B was noticed with no side effects of both medication the alpha-blocker and the placebo during its use.

Conclusion:
The use of alpha-blockers improves the obstructive symptoms in pediatric patients with PUV after valve ablation and in the absence of any further urethral obstruction with no side effects noticed during the period of its use.
Exploring the incidence and characteristics of urolithiasis in the central region of Saudi Arabia: Insights from a prominent medical center
Authors: Alathel Abdulaziz , Alfraidi Omar , Alsayyari Abdulrahman Saad A. , Aljaafri Bader , Alsalamah Faris , Almeneif Hesham , Alsaif Abdurhman 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Urolithiasis is a common and recurrent condition with a rising global incidence. Stones typically develop in the upper urinary tract, primarily the kidneys. Various factors such as age, gender, diet, fluid intake, climate, occupation, genetics, and metabolic diseases influence stone formation. Stones can vary in size and location, causing obstruction, urine stasis, and complications such as infection. The prevalence of urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia has significantly increased in recent decades, and the study aims to determine the current prevalence and composition trends of urolithiasis, guide treatment and prevention strategies, as well as understand predictors of occurrence and recurrence.

Materials and Methods:
It is a retrospective cohort study where the data was collected in the time frame of 2015–2021. The study was conducted in the Department of Surgery and the Division of Urology at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Results:
The study reveals significant trends in the sociodemographic profile and clinical aspects of urolithiasis patients. With a higher incidence among males (68.5%). Stone compositions predominantly consist of calcium oxalate (67.8%) and uric acid (19.7%), while site distribution shows the left kidney as the most common location (36.5%). Notably, hypertensive patients exhibit a significant association with stone site (P = 0.014). Encouragingly, the majority of patients do not experience reoccurrence (91.6%), and the study demonstrates an increasing recurrence rate with subsequent visits. The relatively shorter hospital stays (55.9% with 1-day stays) indicate efficient management, and this knowledge can aid in optimizing patient care.

Conclusion:
This study sheds light on the multifaceted nature of urolithiasis by examining various facets. Low recurrence rate of kidney stones offers positive prospects for effective initial management. The shorter hospital stays, suggest advancements in medical practices, enhancing patient convenience and healthcare resource optimization. Investigating the underlying causes behind the observed stone compositions yield insights into potential preventive strategies. Furthermore, extended studies examining the impact of lifestyle modifications and medical interventions on stone recurrence could contribute to refined treatment protocols. These findings can guide healthcare professionals in optimizing patient care, preventive strategies, and future research endeavors.
Role of lingual mucosa as a graft material in the surgical treatment of Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Shukla Pushpendra Kumar , Singh Aditya Kumar , Trivedi Sameer , Dwivedi U. S. , Ramole Yashpal , Khan Faiz Ahmed , Pandey Manish 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a localized fibrosis of tunica albuginea, which causes the anatomical and functional changes to the penis. Corporoplasty with grafting is indicated in severe (>60°) and complex curvature. Buccal mucosa is the most favored autologous graft material nowadays. The ventrolateral aspect of lingual mucosa has similar histological features to the rest of the oral cavity.

Methods:
This study aimed to test the efficacy, safety, durability, and reproducibility of corporoplasty with lingual mucosal graft (LMG) in the surgical treatment of PD in terms of surgical outcome, sexual function, and donor site complications. This prospective study included 19 patients of PD with severe and complex curvature, who underwent corporoplasty with LMG. Surgical and functional outcomes were assessed at follow-up planned at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years.

Results:
The mean operative time was 126.31 ± 21.45 min. Additional Nesbit’s plication to correct the residual deformity was required in 26% (5 / 19) of patients. Straightening of the penis (curvature <10°) was achieved in 89% (17 / 19) of patients. Increase in the penile length (>1 cm) postoperatively was achieved in 63% (12 / 19) of patients and a shortening of penis occurred in 5% (1 / 19) of patients. Newer onset erectile dysfunction developed in 11% (2 / 19) of patients, and patient and partner satisfaction rates were 89% (17 / 19) and 84% (16 / 19), respectively, in a mean follow-up of 20.66 ± 5.37 months. Donor site complications were minimal and no patient had any salivary changes or speech disturbances.

Conclusion:
LMG provided excellent short-term results in terms of deformity correction, improved sexual function, and minimal donor site morbidity. The method is simple and reproducible, and multicenter studies with larger number of cases with longer follow-up are required to confirm these favorable results.
Sperm extraction in nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome patients: A case series and literature review of sperm extraction in Klinefelter syndrome patients
Authors: Alrabeeah Khalid , Alkhayal Abdullah , Aljumaiah Sahar Mohammed , Alghafees Mohammad , Alqarni Almohannad K. , Hakami Basel Othman 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
Klinefelter syndrome (KF) is a group of chromosomal disorders with at least one extra X chromosome in male individuals that leads to infertility and diminished hair growth in affected males. In this study, we present a case series of 16 nonmosaic KF and an extensive literature review.

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective study including 16 nonmosaic Klinefelter Syndrome patients that underwent micro-testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE) at our center between January 2016 and December 2022. Frequencies and percentages were used to present categorical variables, whereas continuous variables were presented as the median and interquartile range (IQR). The sperm retrieval rate (SRR) was assessed using a one-sample proportions test with continuity correction. Fisher’s exact test was to assess the differences between patients with negative and positive retrieval in terms of the categorical variables. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied to explore the between-group differences in the numerical variables. A literature search was performed for additional publications of discussing m-TESE among KF patients.

Results:
The median (IQR) age of patients was 40.0 years (34.5–47.0). All of the patients had nonobstructive azoospermia, and the majority of them (93.8%) had primary infertility. The most common histopathological findings were atrophic tubules (57.1%), followed by Sertoli cell-only (28.6%). Sperm retrieval was positive for two patients with a rate of 12.5% (95% confidence interval 2.2 to 39.6). Patients with positive sperm retrieval were significantly younger than their peers with negative retrieval (median = 28.0, IQR = 27.5 to 28.5 vs. median = 41.5, IQR = 35.8 to 47.0, P = 0.031). The successful conception rate was 100% (n = 2) using intracytoplasmic sperm injection with a birth rate of 100% (n = 2).

Conclusion:
Our observed SRR among nonmosaic KF patients was marginally lower than the reported literature. Younger-age patients were significantly more likely to benefit from the procedure.