bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metric Properties of the SPARCC Score of the Sacroiliac Joints — Data from Baseline, 3-month, and 12-month Followup in the SPACE Cohort
Authors: van den Berg Rosaline , de Hooge Manouk , Bakker Pauline A.C. , van Gaalen Floris , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Fagerli Karen Minde , Landewé Robert , van Oosterhout Maikel , Ramonda Roberta , Reijnierse Monique , van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: May 2015

Objective.To evaluate metric properties of the SpondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) score of the sacroiliac (SI) joints.Methods.Patients with back pain (≥ 3 months, ≤ 2 years, onset < 45 years) were included in the SPACE cohort (SpondyloArthritis Caught Early). Patients with (possible) axial spondyloarthritis had followup visits after 3 and 12 months and were treated according to clinical practice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the SI joints (MRI-SI) was scored in 2 independent campaigns (campaign 1: at baseline and 3 months; campaign 2: at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months) by 2 different blinded reader pairs, applying the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) definition (MRI-SI+ vs MRI-SI−; discordant cases were adjudicated by a third reader) and SPARCC score (mean of 2 agreeing readers). Calculations were made for agreement between SPARCC score cutoff values and a consensus judgment of MRI-SI+ (ASAS definition) as external standard, change in SPARCC score, and smallest detectable changes (SDC) over 3 and 12 months.Results.SPARCC score ≥ 2 showed best agreement with MRI-SI+ in both campaigns. Regarding observed changes in relation to SDC, SPARCC score changed in 70/151 patients; 26/70 patients changed > SDC (3.4), of whom 20 patients received stable treatment over 3 months in campaign 1. Over 3 months, 20/68 patients showed changes in SPARCC score; 11/20 > SDC (2.1), of whom 8 patients received stable treatment. Over 1 year, 23/74 patients changed their SPARCC score; 14/23 changed > SDC (2.4), of whom 7 received stable treatment in campaign 2.Conclusion.SPARCC score ≥ 2 can be used as surrogate for a consensus judgment of MRI-SI+ (ASAS definition) in clinical trials. The SDC ranged from 2.1–3.4 dependent on reader pair and were close to the proposed minimum important change of 2.5.
Communication Vulnerabilities in Working-age Australians with Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Lowe Dianne B. , Taylor Michael J. , Hill Sophie J. 
Published: May 2015

Objective.To estimate the prevalence of communication vulnerability (CV) and its association with various health measures among working-age Australians with musculoskeletal conditions (MSK). The various vulnerability characteristics may lead to inadequate communication between consumers and healthcare professionals.Methods.Prevalence of CV among 18–64 year olds, with or without MSK, was analyzed using the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ National Health Survey 2007–08 data. Associations between CV and measures of health complexity (accumulating multimorbidity and risk factors) and health burden (poorer self-rated health, psychological distress, and pain restricting work) in the MSK population were estimated using logistic regression. Further analyses were conducted for each vulnerability characteristic to determine the degree of association (crude and adjusted) with measures of interest.Results.CV were more prevalent in working-age Australians with MSK (65%) than those without (51%). Adjusted for age and sex among working-age Australians with at least 1 MSK, those with 1 or more CV were more likely to have multimorbidity [adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.2], lifestyle risk factors (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–2.8), poorer self-rated health (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.7–4.2), greater psychological distress (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.3–3.7), and pain restricting employment (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2.1) compared with those without CV.Conclusion.For working-age people, there is an association between MSK and CV. For those with MSK, CV were associated with increased likelihood of health complexity and burden. These findings have policy and clinical relevance. Research is needed to determine whether interventions that address these specific CV characteristics reduce the burden of disease within these populations.
Effectiveness of Rituximab for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients with Prior Exposure to Anti-TNF: Results from the CORRONA Registry
Authors: Harrold Leslie R. , Reed George W. , Shewade Ashwini , Magner Robert , Saunders Katherine C. , John Ani , Kremer Joel M. , Greenberg Jeffrey D. 
Published: May 2015

Objective.To characterize the real-world effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods.Clinical effectiveness at 12 months was assessed in patients who were prescribed RTX based on the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Change in CDAI was calculated (CDAI at 12 mos minus at initiation). Achievement of remission or low disease activity (LDA; CDAI ≤ 10) among those with moderate/high disease activity at the time of RTX initiation was compared based on prior anti-tumor necrosis factor agent (anti-TNF) use (1 vs ≥ 2) using logistic regression models.Results.Patients (n = 265) were followed for 12 months with a mean change in CDAI of −8.1 (95% CI −9.8 – −6.4). Of the 218 patients with moderate/high disease activity at baseline, patients with 1 prior anti-TNF (baseline CDAI 25.0) demonstrated a mean change in CDAI of −10.1 (95% CI −13.2 – −7.0); patients with ≥ 2 prior anti-TNF (baseline CDAI 30.0) demonstrated a mean change of −10.5 (95% CI −12.9 – −8.0). The unadjusted OR for achieving LDA/remission in patients with moderate/high disease activity at baseline exposed to ≥ 2 versus 1 prior anti-TNF was 0.40 (95% CI 0.22–0.73), which was robust to 4 different adjusted models (OR range 0.38–0.44).Conclusion.A good clinical response was observed in all patients; however, patients previously treated with 1 anti-TNF, who had lower baseline CDAI and a greater opportunity for clinical improvement compared with patients previously treated with ≥ 2 anti-TNF, were more likely to achieve LDA/remission.
Salivary Gland Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool for Secondary Sjögren Syndrome in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Das Sunil , Huynh DoQuyen , Yang Hong , Ceponis Arnoldas , Kavanaugh Arthur 
Published: May 2015

Objective.To assess salivary gland ultrasonography (US) as a diagnostic tool for secondary Sjögren syndrome (sSS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Salivary gland US images from 30 patients with RA were graded using a validated semiquantitative scoring system. Sicca symptoms, oral health, and RA disease activity were assessed.Results.US changes consistent with SS were found in 40% of patients. Patients with higher US scores had more sicca symptoms as well as higher RA activity and poorer oral health.Conclusion.Salivary gland US may aid the diagnosis of sSS in patients with RA.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Does Not Increase Risk of Short-term Adverse Events after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Case-control Study
Authors: LoVerde Zachary J. , Mandl Lisa A. , Johnson Beverly K. , Figgie Mark P. , Boettner Friedrich , Lee Yuo-Yu , Goodman Susan M. 
Published: May 2015

Objective.More adverse events (AE) are reported after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than for patients with osteoarthritis (OA). This study evaluates 6-month postoperative AE in a high-volume center in a contemporary RA cohort.Methods.Patients with RA in an institutional registry (2007–2010) were studied. AE were identified by self-report and review of office and hospital charts. Subjects with RA were matched to 2 with OA by age, sex, and procedure. RA-specific surgical volume was determined. Baseline characteristics and AE were compared and analyzed.Results.There were 159 RA TKA and 318 OA. Of the patients with RA, 88.0% were women, 24.5% received corticosteroids, 41.5% received biologics, and 67% received nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD). There was no difference in comorbidities. RA-specific surgical volume was high; 64% of cases were performed by surgeons with ≥ 20 RA cases during the study period. Patients with RA had worse baseline pain and function and lower perceived health status (EQ-5D 0.59 vs 0.65, p < 0.01). There were no deep infections in either group and no difference in superficial infection (9.4% RA vs 10.1% OA, p = 0.82), myocardial infarction (0.7% RA vs 0% OA, p = 0.33), or thromboembolism (1.3% RA vs 0.6% OA, p = 0.60).Conclusion.In a high-volume center, with high RA-specific experience, RA does not increase postoperative AE. Despite worse preoperative function and high steroid and DMARD use, complications were not increased. However, further study to determine generalizability is needed.
Comparaison des causes et significations sous-jacentes des émeutes françaises de 2005 et des émeutes anglaises de 2011
Authors: Moran Matthew , Waddington David 
Published: May 2015

Cet article offre une analyse comparative des émeutes françaises de 2005 et de celles qui ont eu lieu en Angleterre en 2011 en mobilisant le flashpoints model of public disorder . Les auteurs identifient et étudient la signification d’un certain nombre de facteurs causaux sous-jacents à l’œuvre dans ces deux épisodes d’émeute, et abordent à la fois les causes de fond (de court et long terme) et l’évènement « déclencheur » qui a permis qu’une violence potentielle latente débouche sur une émeute. L’article fournit un cadre analytique pour une étude comparative de ces importants épisodes d’émeute, et démontre que ce modèle demeure pertinent et continue d’offrir un cadre conceptuel solide, au sein duquel l’anatomie du désordre collectif peut être disséquée et comprise.
Les politiques publiques et la légitimation dans un contexte multi-niveaux
Authors: Dupuy Claire , Van Ingelgom Virginie 
Published: May 2015

Cet article porte sur les reconfigurations de la légitimité des gouvernements dans une perspective multi-niveaux en s’intéressant aux processus de légitimation par les politiques publiques sous l’angle des policy feedbacks . Deux enjeux principaux structurent l’article : la régionalisation et l’européanisation d’un certain nombre de politiques publiques ont-elles conduit à des gains de légitimité pour les gouvernements régionaux et l’Union européenne ? Les processus de légitimation des différents échelons de gouvernement peuvent-ils se combiner et se cumuler ? Dans une perspective exploratoire, l’article repose sur l’étude de cas de la Belgique, de la politique européenne de l’environnement et des politiques régionales de l’éducation. Il montre que la politique européenne de l’environnement a généré des effets de légitimation de l’Union européenne auprès des citoyens belges. En revanche, la politique régionale d’éducation a eu des effets différents en Flandre et Wallonie : elle s’est traduite par un accroissement de la légitimité reconnue au niveau du gouvernement régional par les Flamands, tandis qu’elle a conduit à un effet nul sur la légitimité que les Wallons reconnaissent au niveau régional.
Vingt ans de « Théologie comparative ». Visée, méthode et enjeux d’une jeune discipline
Authors: Scheuer Jacques 
Published: May 2015

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, une discipline nouvelle connaît un essor modeste mais soutenu, notamment aux États-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne. Dans une démarche qui se veut à la fois comparative et confessionnelle, le théologien se livre à un examen approfondi d’un texte ou de quelque expression d’une religion autre, avant de revenir à sa propre tradition et de l’interroger à la lumière de ce qu’il a découvert. Après avoir défini l’objectif et la méthode, l’article précise les rapports de cette discipline avec l’histoire comparée des religions ainsi que la théologie des religions ; il évoque enfin les fruits que l’on peut attendre de cette démarche et les limites signalées par certains critiques.
Religions, laïcité et Écritures Saintes selon Emmanuel Lévinas. Réflexions pour notre temps
Authors: Mies Françoise 
Published: May 2015

Lévinas aborde le rapport entre religions, laïcité et Écritures Saintes par deux biais : comme directeur d’une école juive à Paris et comme philosophe travaillant la question du sionisme ; avec, donc, en point de mire, l’État français et l’État d’Israël. L’analyse proposée se fonde sur une typologie du rapport entre religion et État, sur l’étude de l’herméneutique lévinassienne des Écritures et sur sa manière singulière de rendre compatibles, par la valeur en soi de la socialité, les concepts de religion et de laïcité. Sa notion de laïcité pluraliste amène à réfléchir sur la démocratie de l’homme abstrait dénoncée par Sartre et à réinterroger la pensée lévinassienne à la lumière de la notion de « consensus par recoupement » entre conceptions métaphysiques du monde déployée par John Rawls.
Considérations canoniques sur le « partage » de la charge pastorale
Authors: Borras Alphonse 
Published: May 2015

À travers leurs tâtonnements, essais et erreurs, les « équipes pastorales » sur le terrain paroissial donnent lieu à une Église plus participative, aussi bien en vertu de la coresponsabilité baptismale de tous que de la collaboration ministérielle de quelques-uns . Le défi majeur est de trouver la juste articulation entre le ministère ordonné du curé et le statut des autres membres de ces équipes. D’où la question du « partage » de la charge pastorale entre le curé et les autres membres. Cette question se double d’une autre : la charge pastorale se déclinant dans les tria munera — la triple fonction d’enseignement, de sanctification et de gouvernement —, comment les membres laïcs de ces équipes participent-ils à ces trois fonctions ? L’auteur se propose d’apporter quelques éclaircissements théologiques et canoniques. Il s’agira d’abord de préciser cette expression de « charge pastorale », condition préalable pour aborder les deux points suivants : la question du titulaire de la charge pastorale et celle de sa finalité. Cela permettra enfin de voir ce qu’il en est canoniquement parlant du « partage » de la charge pastorale.
La question de la vérité
Authors: Rouard Christophe 
Published: May 2015

Le xx e siècle a vu se marginaliser la conception réaliste de la vérité, qui a structuré la pensée occidentale durant des millénaires. Pour en montrer à nouveau toute la valeur, on peut faire appel à une expérience universelle : la falsification. Celui qui fait cette expérience est amené à reconnaître que la vérité est une correspondance entre l’esprit et le réel, qui s’impose à nous ; et qu’elle est atteinte, loin de tout cartésianisme, de manière historique, au moyen d’une rationalité toujours située et limitée. Le xx e siècle a également offert à la pensée humaine de nombreux moyens nouveaux pour reconnaître ses limites.
Pouvoir de marché, stratégies et régulation : Les contributions de Jean Tirole, Prix Nobel d’Économie 2014
Authors: Encaoua David 
Published: May 2015

Cet article est consacré à une mise en perspective des travaux réalisés par Jean Tirole sur les thèmes mentionnés par le communiqué du Nobel, à savoir l’analyse du pouvoir de marché, ses modalités de contrôle et la régulation des activités de réseaux et de monopole naturel. Il se développe en trois parties. La première explicite pourquoi et comment ces travaux ont participé à un profond renouveau de l’Économie Industrielle. La seconde présente les contributions participant à l’élaboration d’une véritable économie de l’Innovation. La troisième partie se réfère aux travaux sur la régulation. Dans chacune de ces parties, l’accent est mis sur trois aspects : i/ l’état des connaissances au moment de ces travaux, ii/ les instruments d’analyse utilisés, et iii/ les enseignements que l’on peut en tirer. L’article cherche également à illustrer une caractéristique commune à plusieurs de ces travaux, celle de combiner, d’une part, une recherche théorique conduisant à un véritable renouvellement de nos connaissances dans différents champs de l’analyse économique, et d’autre part, un choix de questions motivées par une forte préoccupation à trouver des moyens de résolution de nombreux problèmes économiques contemporains, se fondant sur une sérieuse analyse théorique préalable.
PD-1 Upregulated on Regulatory T Cells during Chronic Virus Infection Enhances the Suppression of CD8+ T Cell Immune Response via the Interaction with PD-L1 Expressed on CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Park Hyo Jin , Park Joon Seok , Jeong Yun Hee , Son Jimin , Ban Young Ho , Lee Byoung-Hee , Chen Lieping , Chang Jun , Chung Doo Hyun , Choi Inhak , Ha Sang-Jun 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells act as terminators of T cell immuniy during acute phase of viral infection; however, their role and suppressive mechanism in chronic viral infection are not completely understood. In this study, we compared the phenotype and function of Treg cells during acute or chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Chronic infection, unlike acute infection, led to a large expansion of Treg cells and their upregulation of programmed death-1 (PD-1). Treg cells from chronically infected mice (chronic Treg cells) displayed greater suppressive capacity for inhibiting both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell proliferation and subsequent cytokine production than those from naive or acutely infected mice. A contact between Treg and CD8+ T cells was necessary for the potent suppression of CD8+ T cell immune response. More importantly, the suppression required cell-specific expression and interaction of PD-1 on chronic Treg cells and PD-1 ligand on CD8+ T cells. Our study defines PD-1 upregulated on Treg cells and its interaction with PD-1 ligand on effector T cells as one cause for the potent T cell suppression and proposes the role of PD-1 on Treg cells, in addition to that on exhausted T cells, during chronic viral infection.
A Novel Lung Explant Model for the Ex Vivo Study of Efficacy and Mechanisms of Anti-Influenza Drugs
Authors: Nicholas Ben , Staples Karl J. , Moese Stefan , Meldrum Eric , Ward Jon , Dennison Patrick , Havelock Tom , Hinks Timothy S. C. , Amer Khalid , Woo Edwin , Chamberlain Martin , Singh Neeta , North Malcolm , Pink Sandy , Wilkinson Tom M. A. , Djukanović Ratko 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Influenza A virus causes considerable morbidity and mortality largely because of a lack of effective antiviral drugs. Viral neuraminidase inhibitors, which inhibit viral release from the infected cell, are currently the only approved drugs for influenza, but have recently been shown to be less effective than previously thought. Growing resistance to therapies that target viral proteins has led to increased urgency in the search for novel anti-influenza compounds. However, discovery and development of new drugs have been restricted because of differences in susceptibility to influenza between animal models and humans and a lack of translation between cell culture and in vivo measures of efficacy. To circumvent these limitations, we developed an experimental approach based on ex vivo infection of human bronchial tissue explants and optimized a method of flow cytometric analysis to directly quantify infection rates in bronchial epithelial tissues. This allowed testing of the effectiveness of TVB024, a vATPase inhibitor that inhibits viral replication rather than virus release, and to compare efficacy with the current frontline neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir. The study showed that the vATPase inhibitor completely abrogated epithelial cell infection, virus shedding, and the associated induction of proinflammatory mediators, whereas oseltamivir was only partially effective at reducing these mediators and ineffective against innate responses. We propose, therefore, that this explant model could be used to predict the efficacy of novel anti-influenza compounds targeting diverse stages of the viral replication cycle, thereby complementing animal models and facilitating progression of new drugs into clinical trials.
Organizational Hiring Preferences: Comparison of Traditional and Non-traditional Hiring and Recruitment Practices
Authors: McKnight Mark A. , Plouchard Sherrie , Bizal Nancy 
Published: May 2015

Social media is working its way into the modern organization in a more productive manner, and at an aggressive pace, as organizations are beginning to learn how to best implement and use social media practices. The present research investigates the role of social media and other technology related to the staffing function in organizations. Specifically, the data reveals tendencies related to how the employment process is anticipated to change in the near future. Namely, the data suggests that employers will significantly change their usage of video resumes, cover letters, and social and professional networking sites related to the recruitment of new employees in the near future.
Phase I Trial of Repeated Intrathecal Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Oh Ki-Wook , Moon Chanil , Kim Hyun Young , Oh Sung-il , Park Jinseok , Lee Jun Ho , Chang In Young , Kim Kyung Suk , Kim Seung Hyun 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Stem cell therapy is an emerging alternative therapeutic or disease-modifying strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this open-label phase I clinical trial was to evaluate the safety of two repeated intrathecal injections of autologous bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in ALS patients. Eight patients with definite or probable ALS were enrolled. After a 3-month lead-in period, autologous MSCs were isolated two times from the BM at an interval of 26 days and were then expanded in vitro for 28 days and suspended in autologous cerebrospinal fluid. Of the 8 patients, 7 received 2 intrathecal injections of autologous MSCs (1 × 106 cells per kg) 26 days apart. Clinical or laboratory measurements were recorded to evaluate the safety 12 months after the first MSC injection. The ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), the Appel ALS score, and forced vital capacity were used to evaluate the patients' disease status. One patient died before treatment and was withdrawn from the study. With the exception of that patient, no serious adverse events were observed during the 12-month follow-up period. Most of the adverse events were self-limited or subsided after supportive treatment within 4 days. Decline in the ALSFRS-R score was not accelerated during the 6-month follow-up period. Two repeated intrathecal injections of autologous MSCs were safe and feasible throughout the duration of the 12-month follow-up period.

Significance
Stem cell therapy is an emerging alternative therapeutic or disease-modifying strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To the authors' best knowledge, there are no clinical trials to evaluate the safety of repeated intrathecal injections of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in ALS. After the clinical trial (phase I/II) was conducted, the stem cell (HYNR-CS, NEURONATA-R) was included in the revision of the regulations on orphan drug designation (number 160; December 31, 2013) and approved as a New Drug Application (Department of Cell and Gene Therapy 233; July 30, 2014) by the Korean Food and Drug Administration. The phase II trial is expected to be reported later.