bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex‐shaped microbial biominerals for nanotechnology
Authors: Kröger Nils , Brunner Eike 
Published: August 2014

Single‐celled microorganisms such as diatoms and coccolithophores produce inorganic microparticles with genetically controlled hierarchical nanopatterns. Besides serving as paradigms to inspire new routes for materials synthesis, biominerals themselves, particularly diatom biosilica, are increasingly utilized as templates for the synthesis of novel functional materials. Over the past decade, a large variety of methods have been established that allow not only for the attachment or coating of desired materials onto diatom biosilica but also for complete chemical conversion without altering the characteristic micro‐ and nanoscale morphology. Examples include the synthesis of materials for photonics (surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS, extraordinary optical transmission, EOT), ultraresponsive and sensitive gas sensors, gas storage materials, and highly active catalysts. More recently, emerging insight into the cellular mechanisms of biosilica formation has enabled the in vivo functionalization of diatom biosilica through advanced cultivation techniques and genetic engineering. As a naturally renewable material, biominerals hold the promise of serving as an inexpensive and easily available resource for a future nanotechnology‐based industry. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2014, 6:615–627. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1284This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Sustainability of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program (ERAS) in Colonic Surgery
Authors: Gillissen F. , Ament S. M. C. , Maessen J. M. C. , Dejong C. H. C. , Dirksen C. D. , van der Weijden T. , von Meyenfeldt M. F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground
Between 2006 and 2008 the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program was implemented in colonic surgery in one‐third of all hospitals in the Netherlands (n = 33). This resulted in enhanced recovery and a decrease in hospital length of stay (LOS) from a median of 9 days at baseline to 6 days at one‐year follow‐up. The present study assessed the sustainability of the ERAS program 3–5 years after its implementation.Materials and methodsFrom the 33 ERAS hospitals, 10 initially successful hospitals were selected, with success defined as a median LOS of 6 days or lower and protocol adherence rates above 70 %. In 2012 a retrospective audit of 30 consecutive patients was performed in each of these hospitals. Sustainability of the ERAS program was assessed on hospital level, using median hospital LOS, protocol adherence rates and time to functional recovery. Data were compared with the implementation phase data.ResultsOverall median LOS in the selected hospitals increased from 5.25 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4.75–6.00; min, 4.00—max, 6.00) to 6 days (IQR 5.00–7.00; min, 5.00—max, 8.00), but this change was not significant (p = 0.052). Time to functional recovery was equal in both phases: median 3.00 days (p = 0.26). Protocol adherence decreased from 75 to 67 % (p = 0.32). Especially adherence to postoperative care elements dropped considerably.ConclusionsDespite a slight decrease in protocol adherence, the ERAS program was sustained reasonably well in the 10 selected hospitals, although there was quite some variation between the hospitals.
Spontaneous Vesicle Formation in Mixtures of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds with Carbamate and Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
Authors: Zheng Zhibo , Zhou Min , Qiao Weihong , Luo Limei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSpontaneous vesicles formation in the aqueous mixtures of 2,3‐bis (dodecylcarbamoyloxy)‐N, N‐dimethyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyalkyl) propyl ammonium chloride (C12PAC) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate at different mixing molar ratios have been investigated. The characterizations are demonstrated by electrical conductivity measurements, dynamic light scattering and zeta (ζ) potential measurements. The ζ‐potential results indicate the C12PAC/SDBS systems are stable. The shapes of the catanionic vesicles are observed by negative‐staining transmission electronic microscopy. Meanwhile, from the viewpoint of molecular geometry structure, the electrostatic interaction between anionic and cationic molecules is regarded as the main driving force for spontaneous formation of vesicles.
Specificity of emotion regulation difficulties related to anxiety in early adolescence
Authors: Mathews Brittany L. , Kerns Kathryn A. , Ciesla Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTEtiological models identify difficulties in emotion regulation as potential contributors to the development and maintenance of anxiety. To date, studies with adolescents have not tested whether different types of anxiety symptoms are related to different emotion regulation difficulties. The current study aimed to examine specificity of associations between emotion regulation difficulties and symptoms of social and generalized anxiety in early adolescence. Ninety adolescents (ages 11–14 years) completed measures of emotion regulation and anxiety symptoms. Social and generalized anxiety symptoms showed similar bivariate correlations with emotion regulation. However, when controlling for generalized anxiety, social anxiety symptoms were uniquely related to emotion understanding, acceptance, evaluation, and reactivity. Generalized anxiety symptoms were uniquely related to emotion modification. The current study suggests that social and generalized anxiety symptoms have both common and unique associations with emotion regulation difficulties in early adolescence, and has implications for which emotion regulation skills to target in clinical interventions.
Improving maternity care in Ethiopia through facility based review of maternal deaths and near misses
Authors: Gebrehiwot Yirgu , Tewolde Birukkidus T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe present study aimed to initiate facility based review of maternal deaths and near misses as part of the Ethiopian effort to reduce maternal mortality and achieve United Nations Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. An in‐depth review of all maternal deaths and near misses among women who visited 10 hospitals in four regions of Ethiopia was conducted between May 2011 and October 2012 as part of the FIGO LOGIC initiative. During the study period, a total of 2774 cases (206 deaths and 2568 near misses) were reviewed. The ratio of maternal deaths to near misses was 1:12 and the overall maternal death rate was 728 per 100 000 live births. Socioeconomic factors associated with maternal mortality included illiteracy 1672 (60.3%) and lack of employment outside the home 2098 (75.6%). In all, 1946 (70.2%) women arrived at hospital after they had developed serious complications owing to issues such as lack of transportation. Only 1223 (44.1%) women received prenatal follow‐up and 157 (76.2%) deaths were attributed to direct obstetric causes. Based on the findings, facilities adopted a number of quality improvement measures such as providing 24‐hour services, and making ambulances available. Integrating review of maternal deaths and near misses into regular practice provides accurate information on causes of maternal deaths and near misses and also improves quality of care in facilities.
Diagnostic impact of CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in a tertiary memory clinic
Authors: Duits Flora H. , Prins Niels D. , Lemstra Afina W. , Pijnenburg Yolande A.L. , Bouwman Femke H. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess the impact of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease on decision making and patient management in a tertiary memory clinic.MethodsWe included all patients, for 1 year, visiting the VUmc Alzheimer Center for cognitive screening. Neurologists completed questionnaires before and after CSF disclosure. We assessed the change of diagnosis, diagnostic confidence, and impact on patient management.ResultsA total of 438 patients (age 63 ± 8 years, 39% women) were included, of whom 351 (80%) underwent lumbar puncture. After the disclosure of CSF 23/351 diagnoses (7%) were changed. Diagnostic confidence increased from 84% to 89% (P < .001). There were consequences for management in 44/351 patients (13%) with CSF, and 13/87 patients (15%) because of unavailable CSF. There was no effect of age on these results.ConclusionsCSF biomarkers aid clinicians with decision making during diagnostic work‐up of cognitive disorders. This study may be useful for developing guidelines for the implementation of CSF biomarkers in daily practice.
Enlargement of the left atrium is associated with increased infiltration of immune cells in patients with atrial fibrillation who had undergone surgery
Authors: Yamashita Takeshi , Sekiguchi Akiko , Suzuki Shinya , Ohtsuka Takayuki , Sagara Koichi , Tanabe Hiroaki , Kunihara Takashi , Sawada Hitoshi , Aizawa Tadanori 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundEnlargement of the left atrium (LA) is a risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for AF. However, structural changes associated with LA enlargement have not been fully elucidated.MethodsTo examine inflammation in the structural changes associated with LA enlargement, human left appendages obtained from 27 patients who underwent cardiac surgery by using the maze procedure were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsThe extent of interstitial fibrosis increased according to the increase in LA dimension (LAD) as assessed by using ultrasound echocardiography. The extent of the infiltration of CD68‐positive macrophages and CD3‐positive T cells increased simultaneously according to the increments in LAD. The areas infiltrated by immune cells were positively and significantly correlated with LAD (r2=0.58, p<0.01 for CD68; r2=0.49, p<0.01 for CD3).ConclusionsIn the patients with AF, LA enlargement was associated not only with the increase in the extent of interstitial fibrosis but also with the changes in the LA component cells, including an increase in number of immune cells resident in tissues.
The first dating of strong Holocene earthquakes in Gorny Altai using long-term tree-ring chronologies
Authors: Agatova A.R. , Nepop R.K. , Barinov V.V. , Nazarov A.N. , Myglan V.S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present the first results of application of long-term tree-ring chronologies for dating seismically triggered rockfalls and determining the upper age of Holocene rockfalls in southeastern Altai. Based on the results of seismic dendrochronological analysis, dating of penetrating wood injuries is proposed and tested, and the criterion for the distinguishing of seismically triggered rockfalls among slope processes of climatic nature is formulated. An earlier unknown strong earthquake of 1532 has been recognized; its traces are dated by the radiocarbon method. Based on the new data and calibration of earlier radiocarbon dates, the recurrence period of strong earthquakes in the southeastern Altai is refined.
Specific facies differentiation of Early Cretaceous (Berriasian–Hauterivian) foraminifer communities in the Ust’-Yenisei basin
Authors: Khafaeva S.N. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper is concerned with study and comparison of Berriasian, Valanginian, and lower Hauterivian foraminifer associations in northeastern West Siberia. Micropaleontological analysis of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Ust’-Yenisei region has given an insight into the taxonomic composition of microfossils in the studied sections. Analysis of the stratigraphic occurrence of foraminifers has revealed four successive biostratons in zones and beds. Communities of Berriasian, Valanginian, and earliest Hauterivian microbenthos are reconstructed, the regularities of their evolution are established, and the succession of bionomic zones is determined.
Detecting a magnesiowüstite phase transition in the lower mantle by inversion of geomagnetic data
Authors: Plotkin V.V. , Dyad’kov P.G. , Ovchinnikov S.G. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Global geomagnetic data are inverted for detecting a high-conductivity layer at depths of 1500–2000 km to test the hypothesis of a magnesiowüstite phase transition in the lower mantle. We present the results of processing of both synthetic and global data—average monthly values of the geomagnetic field from 1920 to 2009. The inverted global data are consistent with the possible existence of a high-conductivity layer at great depths in the lower mantle.
KAROUBI’S RELATIVE CHERN CHARACTER, THE RIGID SYNTOMIC REGULATOR, AND THE BLOCH–KATO EXPONENTIAL MAP
Authors: TAMME GEORG 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe construct a variant of Karoubi’s relative Chern character for smooth separated schemes over the ring of integers in a $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}p$-adic field, and prove a comparison with the rigid syntomic regulator. For smooth projective schemes, we further relate the relative Chern character to the étale $p$-adic regulator via the Bloch–Kato exponential map. This reproves a result of Huber and Kings for the spectrum of the ring of integers, and generalizes it to all smooth projective schemes as above.
THE HOMOGENISED ENVELOPING ALGEBRA OF THE LIE ALGEBRA sℓ(2,ℂ)
Authors: MARTINEZ-VILLA ROBERTO 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we study the homogenised algebra B of the enveloping algebra U of the Lie algebra sℓ(2,ℂ). We look first to connections between the category of graded left B-modules and the category of U-modules, then we prove B is Koszul and Artin–Schelter regular of global dimension four, hence its Yoneda algebra B! is self-injective of radical five zeros, and the structure of B! is given. We describe next the category of homogenised Verma modules, which correspond to the lifting to B of the usual Verma modules over U, and prove that such modules are Koszul of projective dimension two. It was proved in Martínez-Villa and Zacharia (Approximations with modules having linear resolutions, J. Algebra266(2) (2003), 671–697)] that all graded stable components of a self-injective Koszul algebra are of type ZA∞. Here, we characterise the graded B!-modules corresponding to the Koszul duality to homogenised Verma modules, and prove that these are located at the mouth of a regular component. In this way we obtain a family of components over a wild algebra indexed by ℂ.
SAW*-ALGEBRAS ARE ESSENTIALLY NON-FACTORIZABLE
Authors: GHASEMI SAEED 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we solve a question of Simon Wassermann, whether the Calkin algebra can be written as a C*-tensor product of two infinite dimensional C*-algebras. More generally, we show that there is no surjective *-homomorphism from a SAW*-algebra onto C*-tensor product of two infinite dimensional C*-algebras.
ON GENERALISED PRONORMAL SUBGROUPS OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: BALLESTER-BOLINCHES A. , BEIDLEMAN J. C. , FELDMAN A. D. , RAGLAND M. F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFor a formation $\mathfrak F$, a subgroup M of a finite group G is said to be $\mathfrak F$-pronormal in G if for each g ∈ G, there exists x ∈ 〈U,Ug〉$\mathfrak F$ such that Ux = Ug. Let f be a subgroup embedding functor such that f(G) contains the set of normal subgroups of G and is contained in the set of Sylow-permutable subgroups of G for every finite group G. Given such an f, let fT denote the class of finite groups in which f(G) is the set of subnormal subgroups of G; this is the class of all finite groups G in which to be in f(G) is a transitive relation in G. A subgroup M of a finite group G is said to be $\mathfrak F$-normal in G if G/CoreG(M) belongs to $\mathfrak F$. A subgroup U of a finite group G is called K-$\mathfrak F$-subnormal in G if either U = G or there exist subgroups U = U0 ≤ U1 ≤ . . . ≤ Un = G such that Ui–1 is either normal or $\mathfrak F$-normal in Ui, for i = 1,2, …, n. We call a finite group G an $fT_{\mathfrak F}$-group if every K-$\mathfrak F$-subnormal subgroup of G is in f(G). In this paper, we analyse for certain formations $\mathfrak F$ the structure of $fT_{\mathfrak F}$-groups. We pay special attention to the $\mathfrak F$-pronormal subgroups in this analysis.
ON WITTEN MULTIPLE ZETA-FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SEMI-SIMPLE LIE ALGEBRAS V
Authors: KOMORI YASUSHI , MATSUMOTO KOHJI , TSUMURA HIROFUMI 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe study the values of the zeta-function of the root system of type G2 at positive integer points. In our previous work we considered the case when all integers are even, but in the present paper we prove several theorems which include the situation when some of the integers are odd. The underlying reason why we may treat such cases, including odd integers, is also discussed.
Coexistence in a subtidal habitat in southern Chile: the effects of giant kelpMacrocystis pyriferaovergrowth on the slipper limpetCrepipatella fecunda
Authors: Díaz Francisco J. , Pereda Sandra V. , Buschmann Alejandro H. 
Published: August 2014

In many coastal areas substrate is the limiting resource for benthic organisms. Some sessile species can be used as secondary substrate, reducing competition and increasing coexistence. In southern Chile, annual populations ofMacrocystis pyriferarecruit and grow on the shells ofCrepipatella fecunda.This study describes ecological interactions between the kelp and the slipper limpet over an annual cycle. The degree of kelp overgrowth was established by collecting sporophytes and throughin situsubmarine photography over a 10 month period (starting when kelp recruits became visible and ending when sporophytes were no longer present). Changes in the biochemical composition of the limpet tissue were also recorded by chemical analyses, to evaluate the potential effects (positive/neutral/negative) of kelp onC. fecundanutritional condition. The results indicate that both species coexist, although kelp overgrowth may cause a decrease in carbohydrates inC. fecundatissues, restricted to the period when the kelp forest reaches its maximum biomass. Individually, the short duration of the maximum overgrowth period and the size reached byC. fecundafemales (up to 65 mm shell length) may enable rapid limpet recovery, avoiding competitive exclusion. On a population level, theM. pyriferaannual cycle generates the needed ‘break’ forC. fecundapopulations, reducing the effects of kelp overgrowth. Thus, in the view of the neutral effect of kelp overgrowth, together with the positive effect ofC. fecundaonM. pyriferarecruitment described somewhere else, this ecological interaction can be categorized as commensalism.
Outbreak of primary inoculation tuberculosis in an acupuncture clinic in southeastern China
Authors: WANG J. , ZHU M. Y. , LI C. , ZHANG H. B. , ZUO G. B. , WANG M. H. , TENG H. L. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYOutbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections associated with acupuncture has not been reported. Thirteen patients with a painful swollen lump were referred to our hospital. The index patient received acupuncture and paraspinal muscular injection at a local acupuncture clinic in April 2011 and was diagnosed with M. tuberculosis 1 month later. From May 2011 to August 2011, 12 more patients with a swollen lump on the nuchal region or in the lower back or the buttocks region were referred to our hospital. Tuberculin skin test (TST), T-SPOT.TB, acid-fast stain, M. tuberculosis culture, chest radiograph, and lump magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed and the patients were diagnosed with tuberculous abscess of the lump. All 13 patients received intramuscular injection at the paraspinal muscle by two acupuncturists at a local clinic and reported a swollen lump at the injection site. The needles and syringes were reused after autoclave sterilization. The TST was positive in all patients. Twelve patients had positive acid-fast stains. Mycobacterial cultures of abscess specimens were positive in all 13 patients. T-SPOT.TB tests were positive in all patients who underwent the test. The lesions and biopsies were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing by the Disease Control Center of Zhejiang Province, China and the causative agent was identified as M. tuberculosis, Beijing type. In conclusion, physicians should consider the possibility of mycobacterial infections, apart from other bacterial agents, in patients with a swollen paraspinal lump following intramuscular injection.
Reversible changes in pancreatic islet structure and function produced by elevated blood glucose
Authors: Brereton Melissa F. , Iberl Michaela , Shimomura Kenju , Zhang Quan , Adriaenssens Alice E. , Proks Peter , Spiliotis Ioannis I. , Dace William , Mattis Katia K. , Ramracheya Reshma , Gribble Fiona M. , Reimann Frank , Clark Anne , Rorsman Patrik , Ashcroft Frances M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDiabetes is characterized by hyperglycaemia due to impaired insulin secretion and aberrant glucagon secretion resulting from changes in pancreatic islet cell function and/or mass. The extent to which hyperglycaemia per se underlies these alterations remains poorly understood. Here we show that β-cell-specific expression of a human activating KATP channel mutation in adult mice leads to rapid diabetes and marked alterations in islet morphology, ultrastructure and gene expression. Chronic hyperglycaemia is associated with a dramatic reduction in insulin-positive cells and an increase in glucagon-positive cells in islets, without alterations in cell turnover. Furthermore, some β-cells begin expressing glucagon, whilst retaining many β-cell characteristics. Hyperglycaemia, rather than KATP channel activation, underlies these changes, as they are prevented by insulin therapy and fully reversed by sulphonylureas. Our data suggest that many changes in islet structure and function associated with diabetes are attributable to hyperglycaemia alone and are reversed when blood glucose is normalized.
Cross-platform ultradeep transcriptomic profiling of human reference RNA samples by RNA-Seq
Authors: Xu Joshua , Su Zhenqiang , Hong Huixiao , Thierry-Mieg Jean , Thierry-Mieg Danielle , Kreil David P. , Mason Christopher E. , Tong Weida , Shi Leming 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhole-transcriptome sequencing (‘RNA-Seq’) has been drastically changing the scale and scope of genomic research. In order to fully understand the power and limitations of this technology, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the third phase of the MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC-III) project, also known as the SEquencing Quality Control (SEQC) project. Using two well-established human reference RNA samples from the first phase of the MAQC project, three sequencing platforms were tested across more than ten sites with built-in truths including spike-in of external RNA controls (ERCC), titration data and qPCR verification. The SEQC project generated over 30 billion sequence reads representing the largest RNA-Seq data ever generated by a single project on individual RNA samples. This extraordinarily ultradeep transcriptomic data set and the known truths built into the study design provide many opportunities for further research and development to advance the improvement and application of RNA-Seq.