bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gross-total resection outcomes in an elderly population with glioblastoma: a SEER-based analysis
Authors: Noorbakhsh Abraham , Tang Jessica A. , Marcus Logan P. , McCutcheon Brandon , Gonda David D. , Schallhorn Craig S. , Talamini Mark A. , Chang David C. , Carter Bob S. , Chen Clark C. 
Published: November 2013

Object
There is limited information on the relationship between patient age and the clinical benefit of resection in patients with glioblastoma. The purpose of this study was to use a population-based database to determine whether patient age influences the frequency that gross-total resection (GTR) is performed, and also whether GTR is associated with survival difference in different age groups.

Methods
The authors identified 20,705 adult patients with glioblastoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (1998–2009). Surgical practice patterns were defined by the categories of no surgery, subtotal resection (STR), and GTR. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the pattern of surgical practice and overall survival.

Results
The frequency that GTR was achieved in patients with glioblastoma decreased in a stepwise manner as a function of patient age (from 36% [age 18–44 years] to 24% [age ≥ 75]; p < 0.001). For all age groups, glioblastoma patients who were selected for and underwent GTR showed a 2- to 3-month improvement in overall survival (p < 0.001) relative to those who underwent STR. These trends remained true after a multivariate analysis that incorporated variables including ethnicity, sex, year of diagnosis, tumor size, tumor location, and radiotherapy status.

Conclusions
Gross-total resection is associated with improved overall survival, even in elderly patients with glioblastoma. As such, surgical decisions should be individually tailored to the patient rather than an adherence to age as the sole clinical determinant.
L’administration électronique ou l’e-administration
Authors: Oberdorff Henri 
Published: November 2013

An electronic civil service or e-administration.
Providing administrative services electronically is an outstanding lever to reform and modernise the civil service. It contributes to the transformation of the administration but cannot be an end in itself. Without doubt e-administration offers targeted innovation in relations between users and the civil service and between government offices. Electronic interchanges make it easier to carry out administrative formalities and remote services are becoming a reality much appreciated by government service users. On-line storage areas can be established for personal administrative data. The capacity of information transfer systems to function in tandem can bring the civil service closer in catering to users, although the digital divide should not create further exclusions. E-administration must respect the basic rights and liberties of users who are also citizens. The virtual modernisation of the civil service must also include genuine reforms.
Les transformations de l’État-providence néerlandais et l’accès aux droits sociaux [L’exemple de la municipalité d’Amsterdam]
Authors: Hamel Marie-Pierre 
Published: November 2013

Transformations in the Dutch welfare state and access to entitlements. The example of the Amsterdam city authority.
The Netherlands faced a crisis at the end of the 1970’ s in their version of the welfare state and redirected their social benefit system towards a targeting policy, i. e., allocating resources and aid to the people who most needed them. The new policy included a special effort to identify and know more about their target audiences. The author uses the example of the Amsterdam city authority to present the tools, information technology in particular, used by the services in charge of managing and distributing specific targeted benefits. In addition to the technical specifics, the author describes both the advantages (better identification of people concerned) as well as the ambiguity introduced by such tools, in particular the risk of division between the assisted population and the population that finances such protection without being privy to it. Furthermore, discrepancies are possible in terms of individual freedoms and rising costs and thus the extent of generosity from this policy of social redistribution.
Pas de politique d’accès aux droits sociaux sans information sur les publics vulnérables [Un défi pour les administrations]
Authors: Warin Philippe 
Published: November 2013

No policy on welfare entitlement without information about vulnerable audiences. A challenge for government.
Government is required to make entitlement to welfare benefits easier. It is particularly responsible for targeted answers which are now offered to offset the fraying structure of work-related welfare coverage. For organisations in charge of awarding benefits and welfare assistance (Social Security organisations, central and local government offices), the issue is not whether such measures are sound or not ; they are required to implement them. However, these organisations sufficiently prepared not to overlook anyone. Accordingly, information on entitlement to benefits is an important datum which service providing organisations must master as effectively as possible. To ensure effective implementation of new welfare measures, they must be able to identify the target audiences and make sure that the intended services and benefits reach them, and in several places this is precisely the crux. There are various reasons for believing that shared information systems must be developed.
Le droit de l’aide et de l’action sociales à l’épreuve de «l’acte II de la décentralisation»
Authors: Borgetto Michel , Lafore Robert 
Published: November 2013

Benefit and welfare action laws tested against «decentralisation, act II ».
New decentralisation statutes enacted in 2003 are drawing a new portrait of welfare and benefits by promoting the department as the «leader » of the policy. The authors analyse the transfer of skills in terms of both content and consequences, of which there are many : legal consequences with the new definition of responsibilities, but also in terms of organisation given the transfer from national to departmental (i. e., local) services. Such consequences also lead to new positions being adopted by political authorities, as the department is promoted to a «welfare department » with ramifications at political, financial and philosophical level. The very definition of aid and welfare law is currently being tested.
Les origines des Cahiers pédagogiques en 1945
Authors: Riondet Xavier 
Published: November 2013

L’actuelle revue des Cahiers pédagogiques voit le jour dans la région Rhône-Alpes en 1945. Les origines de la revue se situent en marge de la science de l’éducation lyonnaise et les Cahiers pédagogiques se développent à partir de réseaux reliés aux expérimentations des « classes nouvelles » (1945-1952). L’article se propose de questionner, à travers l’histoire de la revue, la nature et l’influence de ces réseaux qui se situent en marge de l’histoire des réformes éducatives, des didactiques disciplinaires et des sciences de l’éducation. En conclusion, l’article envisage l’utilisation de concepts et de méthodes particulières pour saisir la complexité, mais également la richesse épistémologique d’objets d’étude liés au militantisme pédagogique dans le cadre de recherches d’envergure.
Trajectoires de coparentalité post-rupture conjugale. Une étude exploratoire qualitative
Authors: Tremblay Julie , Drapeau Sylvie , Robitaille Caroline , Piché Émile , Gagné Marie-Hélène , Saint-Jacques Marie-Christine 
Published: November 2013

L’objectif de cette étude qualitative est de mieux comprendre comment les parents décrivent leur coparentalité et son évolution à travers deux transitions familiales vécues, la séparation et la recomposition. 25 parents (23 mères et 2 pères) séparés en moyenne depuis 8 ans et ayant des enfants âgés entre 5 et 20 ans ont été rencontrés. L’analyse du discours des participants permet de décrire quatre composantes de la coparentalité : la division des tâches et des responsabilités parentales, le soutien et le sabotage, l’accord éducatif et la gestion des interactions familiales, de même que leur évolution suite à la séparation. Cette évolution, ainsi que l’imbrication des composantes dans chaque situation familiale, met en lumière six trajectoires de coparentalité post-rupture. Trois principaux facteurs contextuels : la survenue d’événements ponctuels marquants, l’âge des enfants et le temps écoulé depuis la séparation, ont été associés à l’évolution des trajectoires.
The Effectiveness of a Pneumatic Compression Belt in Reducing Respiratory Motion of Abdominal Tumors in Patients Undergoing Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Lovelock D. Michael , Zatcky Joan , Goodman Karyn , Yamada Yoshiya 
Published: November 2013

Purpose: Abdominal compression using a pneumatic abdominal compression belt developed in-house has been used to reduce respiratory motion of patients undergoing hypofractionated or single fraction stereotactic radio-ablative therapy for abdominal cancers. The clinical objective of belt usage was to reduce the cranial-caudal (CC) respiratory motion of the tumor to 5 mm or less during both CT simulation and treatment. A retrospective analysis was done to determine the effectiveness of the device and associated clinical procedures to reduce the CC respiratory motion of the tumor. Materials and Methods: 42 patients treated for tumors in the liver (30), adrenal glands (6), pancreas (3) and lymph nodes (3) using high dose hypofractionated radiotherapy between 2004 and the present were eligible for analysis. All patients had 2–3 radiopaque fiducial markers implanted near the tumor prior to simulation, or had clips from prior surgery. Integral to the belt is an inflatable air bladder that is positioned over the abdomen. The pneumatic pressure was set to a level in consultation with the patient. The CC motion was measured fluoroscopically with and without pneumatic pressure. Pneumatic pressure was used at all treatments to reduce to CC motion to that achieved at simulation. Results: The mean CC motion with the belt in place, but no additional air pressure was 11.4 mm with a range of 5–20 mm. With the pressure applied, the mean CC motion was reduced to 4.4 mm with a range of 1–8 mm ( P-value < 0.001). The clinical objective of reducing the CC motion of the tumor to a maximum excursion of 5 mm or less was achieved in 93% of cases. Conclusion: The use of a pneumatic compression belt and associated clinical procedures was found to result in a significant and frequently substantial reduction in the CC motion of the tumor.
Extreme Arctic cyclones in CMIP5 historical simulations
Authors: Vavrus Stephen J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIncreasing attention is being paid to extreme weather, including recent high‐profile events involving very destructive cyclones. In summer 2012, a historically powerful cyclone traversed the Arctic, a region experiencing rapid warming and dramatic loss of ice and snow cover. This study addresses whether such powerful storms are an emerging expression of anthropogenic climate change by investigating simulated extreme Arctic cyclones during the historical period (1850–2005) among global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) archive. These general circulation models are able to simulate extreme pressures associated with strong polar storms without a significant dependence on model resolution. The models display realism by generating extreme Arctic storms primarily around subpolar cyclone regions (Aleutian and Icelandic) and preferentially during winter. Simulated secular trends in Arctic mean sea level pressure and extreme cyclones are equivocal; both indicate increasing storminess in some regions, but the magnitude of changes to date are modest compared with future projections.
Equatorial westward electrojet impacting equatorial ionization anomaly development during the 6 April 2000 superstorm
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigate the forward plasma fountain and the equatorial ionosphere in the topside region during the 6 April 2000 superstorm in the Australian sector at ~0900 LT. Space‐ and ground‐based multi‐instrument measurements, Coupled Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) simulations, and field‐aligned observations comprise our results. These reveal an unusual storm development during which the eastward prompt penetration electric (E) field (PPEF) developed and operated under the continuous effects of the westward disturbance dynamo E‐field (DDEF) while large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) traveled equatorward and generated strong equatorward wind surges. We have identified the eastward PPEF by the superfountain effect causing the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA)'s development with crests situated at ~±28°N (geomagnetic) in the topside ionosphere at ~840 km altitude. The westward DDEF's occurrence is confirmed by mapping the “anti‐Sq” current system wherein the equatorial westward current created a weak long‐lasting westward electrojet event. Line plots of vertical drift data tracked large‐scale TIDs. Four scenarios, covering ~3.5 h in universal time, demonstrate that the westward DDEF became superimposed on the eastward PPEF. As these E‐fields of different origins became mapped into the F region, they could interact. Consequently, the eastward PPEF‐related equatorial upward E × B drift became locally reduced by up to 75 m/s near the dip equator by the westward DDEF‐related equatorial downward E × B drift. Meanwhile, the EIA displayed a better development as equatorial wind surges, reproduced by CTIPe, increased from 501 to 629 m/s, demonstrating the crucial role of mechanical wind effects keeping plasma density high.
Lithospheric deformation induced by loading of the Hawaiian Islands and its implications for mantle rheology
Authors: Zhong Shijie , Watts A. B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe long‐term rheological properties of the lithosphere are fundamental for understanding both surface tectonics and mantle dynamics on Earth. In this study, we have developed 3‐D finite element models for computing the load‐induced surface deformation and stress for lithosphere and mantle with realistic nonlinear viscoelastic rheology including the frictional sliding, low‐temperature plasticity, and high‐temperature creep. We have determined the lithospheric deformation and stress due to volcano loading in the Hawaiian Islands region for the last few million years. By comparing model predictions with seismic observations of the depth to the top of oceanic crust and depth dependence of seismicity in the Hawaiian Islands region, we have sought to constrain lithospheric rheology. Our calculations show that the load‐induced surface deformation is controlled by low‐temperature plasticity and frictional sliding but is insensitive to high‐temperature creep. Lithospheric strength predicted from laboratory‐derived low‐temperature plasticity needs to be reduced significantly, and a frictional coefficient μf ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 is required in order to account for the observations. However, μf = 0.1 weakens the shallow part of the lithosphere so much that it causes the minima in strain rate and stress to occur at too large depths to be consistent with the observed depth distribution of seismicity. Our results therefore suggest a value for μf between 0.25 and 0.7. Finally, the maximum stress that accumulates in the deformed lithosphere beneath the Hawaiian Islands is about 100–200 MPa for models that match the observations, and this stress may be viewed as the largest lithospheric stress on Earth.
Ambient seismic noise tomography of Canada and adjacent regions: Part I. Crustal structures
Authors: Kao Honn , Behr Yannik , Currie Claire A. , Hyndman Roy , Townend John , Lin Fan‐Chi , Ritzwoller Michael H. , Shan Shao‐Ju , He Jiangheng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the first continental‐scale study of the crust and upper mantle shear velocity (Vs) structure of Canada and adjacent regions using ambient noise tomography. Continuous waveform data recorded between 2003 and 2009 with 788 broadband seismograph stations in Canada and adjacent regions were used in the analysis. The higher primary frequency band of the ambient noise provides better resolution of crustal structures than previous tomographic models based on earthquake waveforms. Prominent low velocity anomalies are observed at shallow depths (<20 km) beneath the Gulf of St. Lawrence in east Canada, the sedimentary basins of west Canada, and the Cordillera. In contrast, the Canadian Shield exhibits high crustal velocities. We characterize the crust‐mantle transition in terms of not only its depth and velocity but also its sharpness, defined by its thickness and the amount of velocity increase. Considerable variations in the physical properties of the crust‐mantle transition are observed across Canada. Positive correlations between the crustal thickness, Moho velocity, and the thickness of the transition are evident throughout most of the craton except near Hudson Bay where the uppermost mantle Vs is relatively low. Prominent vertical Vs gradients are observed in the midcrust beneath the Cordillera and beneath most of the Canadian Shield. The midcrust velocity contrast beneath the Cordillera may correspond to a detachment zone associated with high temperatures immediately beneath, whereas the large midcrust velocity gradient beneath the Canadian Shield probably represents an ancient rheological boundary between the upper and lower crust.
Northern Hemispheric cryosphere response to volcanic eruptions in the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project 3 last millennium simulations
Authors: Berdahl Mira , Robock Alan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe analyzed last millennium simulations (circa 850–1850 Common Era) from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project 3 (PMIP3) project to determine whether current state‐of‐the‐art models produce sudden changes and persistence of cold conditions after large volcanic eruptions as inferred from geological records and previous climate modeling. Snow cover over Baffin Island in the eastern Canadian Arctic shows large‐scale expansion (as seen in proxy records) in two of the five models with snow cover information available, although it is not sustained beyond a decade. Sea ice expansion in the North Atlantic is seen in some PMIP3 models after large eruptions, although none of these models produce significant centennial‐scale effects. Warm Baffin Island summer climates stunt snow expansion in some models completely, and model topography tends to miss the critical plateau elevations that could sustain snow on the island. Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent is lower in six of the eight models than in reconstructions over the past millennium. Annual average Northern Hemisphere mean climates have a range of 3 K across models, while Arctic summer land‐only climates span more than 6 K. This has critical consequences on ice and snow formation and persistence in regions such as the Arctic where temperatures are near the freezing point and small temperature changes affect ice and snow feedback that could induce further climate changes. Thus, it is critical that models accurately represent absolute temperature.
Changing spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation extremes in China during 2071–2100 based on Earth System Models
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yongqin David , Xu Chong‐Yu , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOutputs of five Earth System Models (ESMs) under historical and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 multimodel data set, as well as daily precipitation from 527 rain gauge stations in China for the period of 1960–2005 are used to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of precipitation extremes over China for 2071–2100. After the evaluation of the indices by the Mann‐Whitney U test and the quantile‐quantile plot, the weather generator model (WGEN) is used to downscale precipitation extremes. The average of precipitation extremes and values of the 5 and 20 year return periods under RCP26 and RCP85 scenarios are analyzed. Results showed the following: (1) WGEN works well in downscaling extreme heavy precipitation indices and consecutive dry days. (2) The risks of meteorological droughts and floods resulting from extreme long‐duration precipitation would decrease in southwest China, but the risks of floods due to extreme heavy precipitation would increase. In north and southeast China, the risks of droughts would decrease, but floods might occur with higher frequencies; (3) The spatiotemporal variations of averages and values of 5 year return period extreme precipitation would be similar, but those of 20 year return period would be a little different: The 20 year consecutive dry days would decrease faster, and the 20 year values of other indices would increase relatively slower. (4) The spatial patterns of changes in precipitation extremes under RCP26 and RCP85 would be similar, but the changes in RCP85 would be intensifying.
Multi‐Enzymatic Biosynthesis of Chiral β‐Hydroxy Nitriles through Co‐Expression of Oxidoreductase and Halohydrin Dehalogenase
Authors: Chen Shao‐Yun , Yang Chen‐Xi , Wu Jian‐Ping , Xu Gang , Yang Li‐Rong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo establish a system for the efficient one bacterial multi‐enzymatic biosynthesis of both (R)‐ and (S)‐β‐hydroxy nitriles, we co‐expressed alcohol dehydrogenases with opposite stereoselectivities, cofactor regeneration enzymes, and a halohydrin dehalogenase in Escherichia coli. By researching cofactor recycling and various co‐expression strategies and by selecting and engineering the halohydrin dehalogenase, we engineered two E. coli strains, which were subsequently used in a cascade of reactions to produce chiral β‐hydroxy nitriles with high enantiomeric excess directly from prochiral α‐halo ketones. Three valuable pharmaceutical intermediates were prepared by means of this catalytic system, and substrate conversion reached about >99%. More importantly, the system is of low cost because there is no need for expensive cofactors or for expression and purification of the component enzymes.magnified image
Regioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Isocoumarins and Phthalides from 2‐Iodobenzoic Acids and Alkynes by Temperature Control
Authors: Kumar Manian Rajesh , Irudayanathan Francis Mariaraj , Moon Joong Ho , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed coupling reaction of 2‐iodobenzoic acids and alkynes such as terminal acetylenes, alkynyl carboxylic acids, and trimethylsilylacetylene selectively afforded isocoumarins and phthalides in the presence of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Among the regioselective products, only the 6‐endo‐dig product, isocoumarin, was formed at 100 °C, and the 5‐exo‐dig product, phthalide, was formed as a major product at 25 °C. A variety of alkynes produced the corresponding isocoumarins and phthalides in good yields. A mechanism is suggested in which the formation of 2‐alkynylbenzoic acid as an intermediate via Sonogashira‐type coupling was ruled out in the reaction pathway.magnified image
Asymmetric [4+2] Annulations of Isatins with But‐3‐yn‐2‐one
Authors: Wang Qiang , Lian Zhong , Xu Qin , Shi Min 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric [4+2] annulations of isatins with but‐3‐yn‐2‐one catalyzed by the Cinchona alkaloids‐derived oragnocatalyst (DHQD)2PHAL have been developed in the presence of 3.0 equivalents of D‐diethyl tartrate in the mixed solvent (diphenyl ether/diethyl ether=1/1) or a slightly modified one, affording the corresponding substituted spiro[indoline‐3,2′‐pyran]‐2,4′(3′H)‐diones in good to excellent yields with high enantioselectivities under mild conditions.magnified image