bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic insight into the diversity of
Glaesserella parasuis
isolates from 19 countries
Authors: Gong Xiaowei , Cui Qingpo , Zhang Wanjiang , Shi Yuqian , Zhang Peng , Zhang Chaoyang , Hu Gongzheng , Sahin Orhan , Wang Lu , Shen Zhangqi , Fu Mengjiao 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Glaesserella parasuis
is a commensal bacterial organism found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs and the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, which causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. This study aimed to better understand the epidemiological characteristics of this opportunistic pathogen. We investigated the prevalence and distribution of sequence types (STs), serovars, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and potential virulence factors (VFs) in 764
G
.
parasuis
isolates collected from diseased and healthy pigs from 19 countries, including China. Multilocus sequence typing showed a high degree of variation with 334 STs, of which 93 were not previously recognized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clades distinguished by isolation year, source, country, and serovar. The dominant serovars of
G. parasuis
were serovars 4 (19.50%), 7 (15.97%), 5/12 (13.87%), and 13 (12.30%). Serovar 7 gradually became one of the dominant serovars in
G. parasuis
with more VFs and fewer ARGs. Serovars 4 and 5/12 were the most frequent serovars in diseased pigs, whereas serovars 2, 8, and 11 were predominant in healthy pigs. Serovars 7 and 13 possessed more VFs than the other serovars. This study provides novel insights into the global prevalence and epidemiology of
G. parasuis
and valuable clues for further investigation into the pathogenicity of
G. parasuis
, which will facilitate the development of effective vaccines.

IMPORTANCE

Glaesserella parasuis
is a clinically important gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, which causes serious financial losses in swine industry on a global scale. No vaccine is known that provides cross-protection against all 15 serovars; furthermore, the correlation between serovar and virulence is largely unknown. This study provides a large number of sequenced strains in 19 countries and compares the genomic diversity of
G. parasuis
between diseased and healthy pigs. We found a slight change in the dominant serovar of
G. parasuis
in the world, with serovar 7 gradually emerging as one of the predominant serovars. The observed higher average number of VFs in this particular serovar strain challenges the previously held notion that serovar 7 is non-virulent, indicating a more complex virulence landscape than previously understood. Our analysis indicating that six ARGs [
tet
(B),
sul2
,
aph(3')-Ia
,
aph (6)-Id
,
bla
ROB-1
, and
aph(3'')-Ib
] are likely to be transmitted horizontally in their entirety. By analyzing VFs, we provided an improved understanding of the virulence of
G. parasuis
, and these key findings suggest that vaccine development will be challenging.
Tomographic and topographic predictive factors of big bubble formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in keratoconus
Authors: Lucchino Luca , Visioli Giacomo , Scarinci Fabio , Colabelli Gisoldi Rossella A M , Komaiha Chiara , Marenco Marco , Pocobelli Giulio , Lambiase Alessandro , Pocobelli Augusto 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To identify preoperative predictors of big bubble (BB) formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in patients with keratoconus (KC).

Methods

Design
Retrospective cohort study in an Italian tertiary centre.

Study population
Consecutive patients with KC undergoing DALK from January 2021 to July 2023.

Observation procedure
Tomographic and topographic data including K-max, K-mean, keratometric astigmatism, thinnest point, mean peripheral corneal thickness, difference between the mean peripheral corneal thickness and the thinnest point (peripheral-minimal corneal thickness), position (central/paracentral) and cone area (%), Amsler-Krumeich classification and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) analysis to assess the severity stage.

Main outcome measures
Rate of BB formation and type; multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse all preoperative parameters in patients with BB formation versus failure.

Results
Pneumatic dissection succeeded in 98 of 140 eyes (70.0%), with 94 type 1 bubbles (67.1%) and four type 2 bubbles (2.9%). BB formation succeeded more frequently in patients with lower K-max (p=0.032), lower K-mean (p=0.010), higher thinnest point (p=0.017), lower peripheral-minimal corneal thickness (p=0.009) and lower Amsler-Krumeich stages (p=0.021). According to the AS-OCT analysis, BB formation was more frequent in the lower stages (p<0.001). After the logistic regression (pseudo-R²=0.176, constant=3.21, 95% CI 1.14 to 5.29, p=0.002), AS-OCT classification was found to be the only factor that predicted BB formation (coefficient=−0.81, 95% CI −1.18 to −0.43, p<0.001).

Conclusions
AS-OCT classification is a reliable predictor for BB formation. Tomographic and topographic analyses indicated that a steeper and more ectatic cornea is more prone to BB failure.
Which Nighttime Lights Data Better Represent India’s Economic Activities and Regional Inequality?
Authors: MATHEN CHRISTOPHER KURUVILLA , CHATTOPADHYAY SIDDHARTHA , SAHU SOHINI , MUKHERJEE ABHIJIT 
Published: August 2024

This paper demonstrates how the estimation of economic activities and inequality for the Indian economy based on nighttime lights data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite outperforms those obtained using traditional Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Line-Scan System (DMSP-OLS) sources. In the extant literature, nighttime lights data have been frequently used as a proxy for economic activities, especially at granular geographical levels where gross domestic product data are otherwise unavailable. Since the traditional DMSP-OLS-based nighttime lights data suffer from measurement errors due to blurring and top coding, VIIRS-based nighttime lights data, which are devoid of such limitations, are gaining popularity. We show that at the subnational or district level in India, VIIRS satellite-based nighttime lights data are indeed a better proxy for economic activities and inequality. Our robust findings imply that all future scholarly works that employ nighttime lights data for the Indian economy should use VIIRS-based data for greater accuracy compared to other similar data sources.
Engineering Oncogenic Hotspot Mutations on SF3B1 via CRISPR-Directed PRECIS Mutagenesis
Authors: Fernandez Mike M. , Yu Lei , Jia Qiong , Wang Xuesong , Hart Kevyn L. , Jia Zhenyu , Lin Ren-Jang , Wang Lili 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

SF3B1 is the most recurrently mutated RNA splicing gene in cancer. However, research of its pathogenic role has been hindered by a lack of disease-relevant cell line models. Here, our study compared four genome engineering platforms to establish SF3B1 mutant cell lines: CRISPR-Cas9 editing, AAV homology-directed repair editing, base editing (ABEmax, ABE8e), and prime editing (PE2, PE3, PE5max). We showed that prime editing via PE5max achieved the most efficient SF3B1 K700E editing across a wide range of cell lines. Our approach was further refined by coupling prime editing with a fluorescent reporter that leverages a SF3B1 mutation-responsive synthetic intron to mark successfully edited cells. By applying this approach, called prime editing coupled intron-assisted selection (PRECIS), we introduced the K700E hotspot mutation into two chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell lines, HG-3 and MEC-1. We demonstrated that our PRECIS-engineered cells faithfully recapitulate known mutant SF3B1 phenotypes, including altered splicing, copy number variations, and cell-growth defect. Moreover, we discovered that the SF3B1 mutation can cause the loss of Y chromosome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Our results showcase that PRECIS is an efficient and generalizable method for engineering genetically faithful SF3B1 mutant models. Our approach provides new insights on the role of SF3B1 mutation in cancer and enables the generation of SF3B1 mutant cell lines in relevant cellular context.

Significance:
This study developed an approach that can reliably and efficiently engineer SF3B1 mutation into different cellular contexts, thereby revealing novel roles of SF3B1 mutation in driving aberrant splicing, clonal evolution, and genome instability.
Universidade de São Paulo: epicentro de uma controvérsia transnacional
Authors: Consolim Marcia 
Published: August 2024

Trata-se de analisar a controvérsia entre dois professores que ocuparam as cadeiras de sociologia I e II na Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo em seus primeiros anos de funcionamento. Essa controvérsia, que opôs sociologia e etnologia, teoria social e pesquisa empírica, enraizou-se em meios intelectuais distintos: a sociologia, no Instituto de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo, e a etnologia, no Departamento de Cultura do Município de São Paulo. Assim, pretende-se mostrar que as transferências intelectuais dependem das afinidades eletivas estabelecidas entre grupos de intelectuais estrangeiros e brasileiros e que, no caso paulista, os intelectuais relativamente mais próximos aos grupos dirigentes se inclinam para a nova disciplina, etnologia, enquanto os relativamente mais dominados no campo do poder preferem a sociologia, já ensinada nas escolas normais. Para isso, utilizo análises documentais e textuais, bem como estudo de trajetórias e de redes de interdependência.
Analysis of the PARAGON-HF Study Results Using Win Ratio
Authors: Yoon Minjae , Kim Wonse , Kook Woong , Park Jin Joo , Greenberg Barry 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
The PARAGON-HF study (Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ARB Global Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) investigated the effect of sacubitril-valsartan in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction. The results, which were analyzed using conventional statistical methods, did not find a significant reduction in the primary composite end point of cardiovascular death and total hospitalization for HF. Recent clinical trials used win ratio statistics that enable the incorporation of multiple outcome aspects into the primary end point and can detect positive outcomes with fewer patients. In this study, we assessed the effect of sacubitril-valsartan on outcomes using the win ratio to analyze results from patients included in the PARAGON-HF study.

METHODS:
In the PARAGON-HF study, 4822 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction were randomized either to sacubitril-valsartan or valsartan groups. In the present study, the primary outcome was a hierarchical composite of time to cardiovascular death, total number of hospitalization for HF, time to first hospitalization for HF, time to renal composite outcome, and change in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score at 8 months analyzed using a win ratio statistical model.

RESULTS:

Using this approach, we found that a greater number of patients who received sacubitril-valsartan experienced clinical benefits compared with those who received valsartan (win ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04–1.23];
P
=0.005). This clinical advantage was evident in patients regardless of whether the left ventricular ejection fraction was above or below the median, that is, the left ventricular ejection fraction of 57%, and regardless of sex (
P
interaction
=0.76 for the left ventricular ejection fraction and 0.73 for sex).

CONCLUSIONS:
Employing the innovative win ratio approach, sacubitril-valsartan demonstrated significant clinical benefits among patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Notably, this benefit was observed irrespective of left ventricular ejection fraction and sex.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01920711.
Hypertension and Left Ventricular Strain in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kula Alexander J. , Xu Yunwen , Hill Garick D. , Furth Susan L. , Warady Bradley A. , Ng Derek K. , Seegmiller Jeese , Mitsnefes Mark ,   for the CKiD Study Investigators
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) on echocardiography is a sensitive yet clinically significant marker of myocardial dysfunction. Reduced LV GLS is prevalent in adults with chronic kidney disease and hypertension and is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. It may be a biomarker of chronic kidney disease–associated myocardial dysfunction in children, but data are limited. Our objective was to describe LV GLS in the CKiD study (Chronic Kidney Disease in Children) and to examine the association between blood pressure (BP) and reduced LV GLS.

METHODS:
A single apical 4-chamber view was used to estimate LV GLS. Our main analyses examined the association of clinic BP with the absolute value of LV GLS and LV GLS dichotomized at 16. Sensitivity analyses using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring data were also performed. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for within-person correlation and to estimate robust SEs for 95% CIs. Covariates in adjusted models included: age, sex, race, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine protein, hemoglobin, left ventricular hypertrophy, and the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.

RESULTS:
LV GLS was measured in 962 person-visits. A total of 77 assessments had an LV GLS <16. In adjusted models, both clinic systolic BP (odds ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.03]) and diastolic BP (odds ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00–1.03]) percentiles were associated with LV GLS <16. Having awake or nighttime diastolic BP hypertension on ambulatory BP monitoring was significantly associated with a lower absolute value of LV GLS.

CONCLUSIONS:
Office systolic and diastolic hypertension was associated with diminished LV GLS. Only diastolic hypertension detected on ambulatory BP monitoring was associated with lower LV GLS.
The autocrine action of salidroside on osteoclast during osteoclastogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway
Authors: Jin Yutong , Li Zhengyang , Qi Lin , Zhang Lingling , Gao Dandan , Liu Haizhao , Cao Qingwen , Tian Chenchen , Xia Qun , Wang Yue 
Published: August 2024

Background and objective The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of salidroside (SAL) (a major active compound in Rhodiola rosea L.) in regulating osteoclast differentiation and function by modulating the HIF-1 α pathway and its downstream target genes. Methods The expression of HIF-1 α and its downstream target genes was examined at both mRNA and protein levels in osteoclasts treated with SAL. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to assess the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of HIF-1 α in response to SAL. MTT, flow cytometry, qPCR, TRAP staining and bone resorption assays were used to evaluate the potential effect of salidroside on osteoclasts. Results SAL enhanced the expression of HIF-1 α and its downstream target genes in osteoclasts. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the facilitation of HIF-1 α nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by SAL. In addition, SAL enhanced osteoclast viability, differentiation and bone resorption activity in an autocrine manner through HIF-1 α/VEGF, IL-6 and ANGPTL4 pathways. Conclusion SAL promotes osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and bone resorption through HIF-1 α/VEGF, IL-6 and ANGPTL4 pathways.
Targeting GPRC5D With Talquetamab: A New Frontier in Bispecific Antibody Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shaver Jacob , Horton Daniel , Halford Zachery 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety, dosing, administration, and clinical implications of talquetamab-tgvs, a novel bispecific antibody, in the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM). Data Sources: A comprehensive English-language literature search of PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov from January 2000 to May 2024 was conducted using the terms talquetamab, Talvey, JNJ-64407564, and “Multiple Myeloma.” Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant clinical trials, guidelines, and prescribing information were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Data Synthesis: Talquetamab-tgvs received accelerated approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration based on results from the pivotal phase I/II MonumenTAL-1 clinical trial, which demonstrated an overall response rate of nearly 74% in key cohorts. The median progression-free survival was 7.5 months in the 0.4 mg/kg weekly dosing cohort and 11.9 months in the 0.8 mg/kg biweekly dosing cohort. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) included cytokine release syndrome, skin- and nail-related AEs, dysgeusia, infections, and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: As a first-in-class anti-GPRC5D T-cell-redirecting bispecific antibody, talquetamab-tgvs represents a compelling treatment option for patients with R/R MM who have received at least 4 prior lines of therapy. No head-to-head clinical trials have been conducted comparing talquetamab-tgvs to other T-cell-redirecting therapies. Conclusions: While talquetamab-tgvs showed significant efficacy in the pivotal MonumenTAL-1 trial, long-term safety and efficacy data are needed. Additional clinical trials are necessary to establish the optimal timing, sequencing, patient population, and overall role of talquetamab-tgvs in the rapidly evolving treatment landscape of R/R MM.
Evaluation of the accuracy and quality of ChatGPT-4 responses for hyperparathyroidism patients discussed at multidisciplinary endocrinology meetings
Authors: Taşkaldıran Işılay , Emir Önder Çağatay , Gökbulut Püren , Koç Gönül , Kuşkonmaz Şerife Mehlika 
Published: August 2024

Purpose Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is now utilized in various fields of healthcare in order to obtain answers to questions related to healthcare-related problems and to evaluate available information. Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and quality of ChatGPT's responses to questions specific to hyperparathyroidism cases discussed at multidisciplinary endocrinology meetings. Methods ChatGPT-4 was asked to respond to 10 hyperparathyroidism cases evaluated at multidisciplinary endocrinology meetings. The accuracy, completeness, and quality of the responses were scored independently by two endocrinologists. Accuracy and completeness were evaluated on the Likert scale, and quality was evaluated on the global quality scale (GQS). Results No misleading information was detected in the responses. In terms of diagnosis, the mean accuracy scores (ranging from 1 to 5) were 4.9 ± 0.1 and the mean completeness scores (ranging from 1 to 3) were 3.0. In the responses given in terms of further examination, the mean accuracy and completeness scores were 4.8 ± 0.13 and 2.6 ± 0.16, respectively. The mean accuracy and completeness scores for treatment recommendations were 4.9 ± 0.1 and 2.4 ± 0.16, respectively. The GQS evaluation result was 80% high quality and 20% medium quality. Conclusion In this study, the accuracy and quality rates of ChatGPT-4 were generally high in responding to questions as to hyperparathyroidism patients. It can be concluded that artificial intelligence may serve as a valuable tool in healthcare. However, the limitations and risks of ChatGPT should also be evaluated.
Assessment of mechanical and tribological behavior of Mg-4Zn-1RE-0.7Zr alloy: Novel mixture of Si3N4/TiC/MoS2 utilizing casting technique
Authors: Venkatrao S , Vinod B , Baburao P , Ravindraiah R , Vemanaboina Harinadh , Paramasivam Prabhu 
Published: August 2024

In the modern era, manufacturers aim for their parts to possess a sleek finish and increased durability to ensure continued functionality. Both the automotive and aerospace industries are actively seeking new materials and methodologies to enhance the surface quality of components during the preparation process and make the most of available resources. Employing casting, advanced techniques, and new materials is crucial for achieving this goal. Industries commonly utilize alloys and composite materials in the production of their components. This study focuses on magnesium composite Mg-4Zn-1RE-0.7Zr alloy to find the influence of varying three different reinforcement particles on mechanical properties and wear rate. An attempt was made to choose a constant 5% Si3N4 as the primary reinforcement and 2.5% to 7.5% of TiC/MoS2 as the secondary reinforcement, respectively. The samples of magnesium hybrid composites are prepared using a centrifugal casting process. The ZE 41 alloy/5% (TiC-MoS2)/5%Si3N4 has a high tensile strength of 942 MPa. In addition, 5% TiC/5% MoS2 with 5% Si3N4 composite has enhanced hardness, which is beneficial for transmission in aircraft like Boeing 727 and die-casting fittings in automobile applications.
Triptolide-induced cuproptosis is a novel antitumor strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Xiao Yanxia , Yin Jiameng , Liu Pu , Zhang Xin , Lin Yajun , Guo Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Cuproptosis is a unique copper-dependent form of cell death that is highly correlated with the metabolic state of cells. Triptolide exerts pharmacological activity by altering the regulation of metal ions. Cuproptosis is poorly understood in cancer, so in this study, we explored whether triptolide could induce cuproptosis in cervical cancer cells.

Methods
The human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and SiHa, which primarily rely on oxidative phosphorylation, were treated with triptolide. Cell viability, proliferation and migration, copper levels and cuproptosis-related protein levels were evaluated in these cell lines. The copper ion chelator tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) was administered to determine whether it could reverse the cuproptosis induced by triptolide. In addition, a nude mouse cervical cancer xenograft model was established to determine the effects of triptolide on cuproptosis in isolated tumor tissues.

Results
The copper concentration increased with triptolide treatment. The levels of cuproptosis -related proteins, such as FDX1, LIAS, and DLAT, in the HeLa and SiHa cell lines decreased with triptolide treatment. XIAP, the target of triptolide, played a role in cuproptosis by regulating COMMD1. The level of copper exporters (ATP7A/B) decreased, but the level of the copper importer (CTR1) did not change with triptolide treatment. Furthermore, triptolide inhibited cervical cancer growth and induced cuproptosis in vivo.

Conclusions
In summary, we report a new antitumor mechanism by which triptolide disrupted intracellular copper homeostasis and induced cuproptosis in cervical cancer by regulating the XIAP/COMMD1/ATP7A/B axis.