bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and Patterns of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in China From 2018 to 2023
Authors: Ye Jingrong , Dong Yuan , Lan Yun , Chen Jing , Zhou Ying , Liu Jinjin , Yuan Dan , Lu Xinli , Guo Weigui , Zheng Minna , Yang Hong , Song Xiao , Liu Cong , Zhou Quanhua , Zheng Chenli , Guo Qi , Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Lincai , Ge Zhangwen , Liu Lifeng , Yu Fengting , Han Yang , Huang Huihuang , Hao Mingqiang , Ruan Yuhua , Wu Jianjun , Li Jianjun , Chen Qiang , Ning Zhen , Ling Xuemei , Zhou Chang , Liu Xuangu , Bai Jianyun , Gao Ya , Tong Xue , Zhou Kangping , Mei Fanghua , Yang Zhengrong , Wang Ao , Wei Wei , Qiao Ruijuan , Luo Xinhua , Huang Xiaojie , Wang Juan , Shen Xin , Hu Fengyu , Zhang Linglin , Tan Wei , Fan Jixiang , Tu Aixia , Yu Guolong , Fang Yong , He Shufang , Chen Xin , Wu Donglin , Zhang Xinhui , Xin Ruolei , He Xin , Ren Xianlong , Xu Conghui , Sun Yanming , Li Yang , Liu Guowu , Li Xiyao , Duan Junyi , Huang Tao , Shao Yiming , Feng Yi , Pan Qichao , Su Bin , Jiang Tianjun , Zhao Hongxin , Zhang Tong , Chen Faqing , Hu Bing , Wang Hui , Zhao Jin , Cai Kun , Sun Wei , Gao Baicheng , Ning Tielin , Liang Shu , Huo Yuqi , Fu Gengfeng , Li Feng , Lin Yi , Xing Hui , Lu Hongyan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
National treatment guidelines of China evolving necessitates population-level surveillance of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to inform or update HIV treatment strategies.

Methods
We analyzed the demographic, clinical, and virologic data obtained from people with HIV (PWH) residing in 31 provinces of China who were newly diagnosed between 2018 and 2023. Evidence of TDR was defined by the World Health Organization list for surveillance of drug resistance mutations.

Results
Among the 22 124 PWH with protease and reverse transcriptase sequences, 965 (4.36%; 95% CI, 4.1–4.63) had at least 1 TDR mutation. The most frequent TDR mutations were nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations (2.39%; 95% CI, 2.19%–2.59%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations(1.35%; 95% CI, 1.2%–1.5%) and protease inhibitor mutations (1.12%; 95% CI, .98%–1.26%). The overall protease and reverse transcriptase TDR increased significantly from 4.05% (95% CI, 3.61%–4.52%) in 2018 to 5.39% (95% CI, 4.33%–6.57%) in 2023. A low level of integrase strand transfer inhibitor TDR was detected in 9 (0.21%; 95% CI, .1%–.38%) of 4205 PWH.

Conclusions
Presently, the continued use of NNRTI-based first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen for HIV treatment has been justified.
Pamidronate for pain in adult chronic nonbacterial osteitis: protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Leerling Anne T , Cañete Ana Navas , Smit Frits , Hamdy Neveen A T , van de Burgt Alina , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M , Dekkers Olaf M , Winter Elizabeth M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chronic nonbacterial osteitis (CNO) is a rare auto-inflammatory bone disease affecting children and adults. Adult CNO is characterized by painful bone lesions, primarily of the anterior chest wall. There is no approved therapy for adult CNO. Current off-label treatments include intravenous bisphosphonates, which have been shown to alleviate pain through decreasing bone turnover. However, no adequately powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted. This double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT investigates the efficacy of intravenous pamidronate to decrease bone pain in adult CNO patients. Recruiting at the Dutch national referral center for CNO, adult patients with persistent bone pain despite non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or optionally other standard-of-care treatments are randomized to receive two courses of intravenous pamidronate (at 0 and 3 mo, 30 mg daily, on 3 consecutive d) or placebo. From 6 mo onwards, all patients receive open-label pamidronate for another two courses. The primary outcome is change in score for maximum pain from 0 to 6 mo. Secondary outcomes include change in quantitative intralesional bone turnover as measured on sodium-fluoride positron emission computed tomography ([18F]NaF-PET/CT), inflammation markers, shoulder function, general health, quality of life, fatigue, physical, and work activity. The pamidronate for pain in adult chronic nonbacterial osteitis trial addresses the need for evidence-based treatments in adult CNO. Results will directly impact daily clinical practice, either validating the use of intravenous pamidronate in CNO at the dose used in this trial or prompting the search for alternative regimens or agents. This trial was registered in EudraCT (reference 2020-001068-27) and the Dutch Trial Register (reference NL68020.058.20).
Beyond population size: Whole-genome data reveal bottleneck legacies in the peninsular Italian wolf
Authors: Battilani Daniele , Gargiulo Roberta , Caniglia Romolo , Fabbri Elena , Madrigal Jazmín Ramos- , Fontsere Claudia , Ciucani Marta Maria , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Girardi Matteo , Fracasso Ilaria , Mastroiaco Matteo , Ciucci Paolo , Vernesi Cristiano 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Preserving genetic diversity and adaptive potential while avoiding inbreeding depression is crucial for the long-term conservation of natural populations. Despite demographic increases, traces of past bottleneck events at the genomic level should be carefully considered for population management. From this perspective, the peninsular Italian wolf is a paradigmatic case. After being on the brink of extinction in the late 1960s, peninsular Italian wolves rebounded and recolonized most of the peninsula aided by conservation measures, including habitat and legal protection. Notwithstanding their demographic recovery, a comprehensive understanding of the genomic consequences of the historical bottleneck in Italian wolves is still lacking. To fill this gap, we sequenced whole genomes of 13 individuals sampled in the core historical range of the species in Central Italy to conduct population genomic analyses, including a comparison with wolves from two highly-inbred wolf populations (i.e. Scandinavia and Isle Royale). We found that peninsular Italian wolves, despite their recent recovery, still exhibit relatively low genetic diversity, a small effective population size, signatures of inbreeding, and a non-negligible genetic load. Our findings indicate that the peninsular Italian wolf population is still susceptible to bottleneck legacies, which could lead to local inbreeding depression in case of population reduction or fragmentations. This study emphasizes the importance of considering key genetic parameters to design appropriate long-term conservation management plans.
Measuring the quality of care in metastatic colorectal cancer: a scoping review of quality indicators
Authors: Dunn Catherine , Halpern Michael T , Sapkaroski Daniel , Gibbs Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Quality indicators are essential for measuring and benchmarking the quality of cancer care. Although there are well-established metrics for early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC), few exist for advanced CRC. This scoping review aimed to collate and review all quality indicators for metastatic CRC.

Methods
A dedicated search was performed of Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and relevant gray literature to identify quality indicators for metastatic CRC, evaluating the diagnostic workup, systemic anticancer treatments, surgical approaches, radiation approaches, supportive care, and palliative or terminal care provided to patients.

Results
We identified 11 articles, of which 5 were systematized reviews and 6 concerned the development, validation, or operationalization of quality indicators. Thirty-five distinct quality indicators for metastatic CRC were extracted across 6 domains of care: 1) diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning; 2) systemic anticancer treatment; 3) radiation oncology; 4) surgical approaches; 5) supportive care; and 6) palliative and end-of-life care, with a general quality indicator of overall survival. Of the 35 quality indicators extracted, 8 (23%) were unique to metastatic CRC and 27 (77%) were generic quality indicators across different tumor types but applicable to metastatic CRC.

Conclusion
There are few quality indicators specifically relevant to metastatic CRC. Those that do exist are generally generic process measures used across tumor types and do not measure the nuance or complexity of current multidisciplinary treatment of patients with metastatic CRC.
Association between marginal part-time work and depressive symptoms: results from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey and the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey
Authors: Yang Munyoung , Choi Min , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Marginal part-time workers, working less than 15 hours per week, are a vulnerable working population. We investigated the association between marginal part-time work and depressive symptoms in Korea and European countries to suggest policy implications.

Methods
This study used data from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) from 2020 to 2021 and European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS) in 2021. For the KWCS, 31 789 participants were included in the analysis, and for the EWCTS, 59 070 participants were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index (WBI-5). A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between marginal part-time work and depressive symptoms with KWCS and EWCTS data.

Results
In Korea, there was a statistically significant association between depressive symptoms and marginal part-time work. On the other hand, in European countries, the association was not remarkable. Low income and employment instability partially mediated the relationship between marginal part-time work and depressive symptoms in Korea. Conclusions. Korean marginal part-time workers face systemic discrimination related to job insecurity and financial rewards, which appear to contribute to depressive symptoms.
CISG and Data Trading
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter involves cross-border data trading. While formation of contracts by electronic means of communication (e-commerce) is a common occurrence under the CISG, questions regarding contract classification, validity of contracts for data, the latter’s classification as goods and materialization respectively as well as discussion in property law have intensified. This includes the question of whether there even can be title in data at all. The chapter thus closely examines the relationship between the CISG and data trading across the CISG’s provisions. It considers the CISG’s scope of application across territories and subject matter, before turning to questions relating to validity as well as delivery and passing of risk. The chapter also addresses the non-conformity of data and remedies.
Exclusion or derogation by the parties (party autonomy)
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with Article 6. The provision enshrines the principle of party autonomy in that it leaves it to the parties’ discretion to determine if they wish to exclude the application of the CISG or adapt it to their particular circumstances. Article 6 expresses the opting-out approach the Convention uses, in that its default applicability is subject to party agreement. An agreement on the exclusion of the CISG may be explicit or implicit. Arguing on the basis of domestic law in course of legal proceedings as such does not amount to an exclusion. Neither does the choice of the law of a Contracting State. Whether an exclusion of the CISG is advisable depends on the circumstances and interests of a party in a given case; a standardized exclusion is not advisable. In practice the most frequent derogation from the CISG is the use of Incoterms. In such case the Convention is not entirely excluded, the agreement of the parties on deviating terms supplants the CISG only as far as such terms reach.
Place of business
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with Article 10. The provision supplements the internationality aspect in Article 1 in that it addresses the situation where at least one of the parties has more than one place of business distributed over more than one country, including the country where the counterparty has its relevant place of business. The internationality of the sales contract, and hence the applicability of the CISG, then depends on which place of business is most closely connected to the contract and its performance. The closest connection test is a fact-driven exercise. In case of doubt, the majority view relies on the place of business that concluded the contract. If that place of business is in a different country from the relevant place of business of the counterparty, the sales contract is international and the CISG applicable. If it is in the same country the CISG does not apply for lack of internationality.
Time of contract conclusion
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes a look at Article 23. Article 23 states the moment at which a sales contract is concluded under the Convention. The rule in Article 23 is self-evident, since the time when the contract is concluded in case of the ‘traditional’ contract formation procedure is already fixed by Article 18(2), sentence 1 or by Article 18(3). The provision is accordingly of a merely clarifying nature, in that it expressly states that the moment when an acceptance becomes effective equals the moment of contract formation. Article 23 itself does not define when an acceptance becomes effective, but refers to unspecified ‘provisions of this Convention’ for this purpose.
Dispatch principle
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into Article 27 which primarily focuses on communication. It explains the importance of implementing the dispatch theory as a risk allocation rule as it encompasses domestic laws, and some declarations made during contract performance and contractual breaches. The dispatch principle can be justified through either the addressee’s failure to perform the contract or questions of doubt. Article 27 covers the risk of loss, delay, or error during the communication’s transmission. The chapter also tackles the declaring party’s exemptions from transmission risks such as means of communications, language, and dispatch. It includes the legal consequences of communication loss, late arrival, and error.
Seller’s obligations in respect of carriage of goods
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the obligations in respect of the carriage of goods in Article 32. It notes how Article 32 covers the matters of notice of consignment, insurance, and conclusion of the carriage contract with the carrier. Additionally, the seller is the one responsible for concluding the contract of carriage with the carrier. The chapter also includes the requirements of using a third party for carriages such as freight forwarder, sub-carrier, and supplier. Article 32 also indicates that the seller must give the buyer all available information required to effect insurance. If they fail to do so, they are liable to the breach of Article 25.
Seller’s right to cure prior to date for delivery
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Article 37 wherein the buyer could retain their rights to claim damages even where defects have been fixed. The emphasis on Article 37 lies on the limits of the right to permit curing defects where delivery is premature. The seller only has an unrestricted right to cure defects under Article 37 in the case of premature delivery. However, the right to remedy defects and conformity falls under Article 48 if the delivery did not take place before the due date. The chapter also notes the types of cure such as making up for any deficiency, delivery of replacement goods, and remedying lack of conformity.
Seller’s awareness of non-conformity
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the seller’s knowledge of lack of conformity. The CISG is proven to be more favourable towards the buyer than the Germanic legal systems as it only recognizes an exemption to the principle of failing to give notice on defects resulting in a loss of remedies. Article 40 is also commonly known as the buyer’s ‘safety valve’. The assumption of the seller could not have been unaware indicated more than gross negligence and lack of conformity. The burden of proof shifts onto the seller if the buyer can prove that the lack of conformity resulted from the seller’s sphere of responsibility.
Buyer’s right to reduce price
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the rules of price reduction in Article 50. The price reduction regulated in Article 50 is a legal institution of the continental European legal systems. In line with the principle behind price reduction, the buyer may keep non-conforming goods delivered by the seller. The chapter clarifies price reduction as an adjustment of the contract which is limited by the absolute right to claim damages. It highlights how Article 50 is only applicable if the goods do not conform with the contract. Moreover, the buyer is required to provide a timely notice of defect and non-conformity to claim a price reduction.
Buyer’s remedies in case of partial non-performance
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter lays down the supplementary rules which clarify the situation where a seller delivers only a part of the goods sold or where only a part of the goods delivered is in conformity with the contract. It underscores four important points: that generally, the buyer’s remedies are restricted to the missing part; that the contract may also be avoided in part; that the contract may be avoided in its entirety only if the partial failure to perform amounts to a fundamental breach of contract in relation to the contract in its entirety; and lastly, that the buyer may claim compensation according to Article 45(1)(b) for every loss suffered due to the partial non-performance.
Time of payment; principle of payment against goods or documents
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the general principle of the Convention that payment and the handing over of the documents or goods are concurrent conditions, which means that the goods or the documents are to be simultaneously exchanged for the price. It also determines when the purchase price becomes due. To determine the time of payment, Article 58 uses a three-step approach: first, it is up to the parties to agree on the time of payment; second, if the parties have not agreed on a specific time for the payment of the purchase price, the buyer must pay it when the seller places either the goods or the documents controlling their disposition at the buyer’s disposal; and third, unless inconsistent with the agreed schedule for delivery and payment, the buyer may briefly examine the goods prior to payment and thereby defer payment by a short period of time. The chapter considers the cases of contracts involving carriage of goods, goods in transit, and contracts involving goods stored in a third-party warehouse. Furthermore, it looks at the legal consequences resulting from the time of payment.
Buyer’s obligation to take delivery
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the buyer’s obligation to take delivery of the goods. Article 60 states that this obligation consists in doing all the acts which could reasonably be expected of him or her in order to enable the seller to make delivery, and in taking over the goods. Taking over the goods means that the buyer must take physical possession of them. Furthermore, the chapter lays down the acts enabling the seller to make delivery. The scope of the discussion also covers retention rights, tackling the several cases that the buyer has the right to withhold his cooperation with the delivery by the seller. This includes premature delivery, excess quantity, late delivery, non-conforming goods, and non-conforming documents.
Seller’s remedies for buyer’s breach of contract
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the seller’s remedies and right to claim damages should the buyer fail to perform any of his or her obligations under the contract or the Convention. It also emphasizes that no period of grace may be granted to the buyer by a court or arbitral tribunal when the seller resorts to a remedy for breach of contract. The chapter reviews the retention rights of the seller, penalties, anticipatory breach, and breach of instalment contracts. It also looks at the scenario wherein the buyer will be exempted from liability: if he or she proves that the failure was due to an impediment beyond his or her control. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the buyer’s right to set off his or her claim against that of the seller.
Seller’s notice fixing additional time for performance
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter underscores that the seller may fix an additional period of time of reasonable length for performance by the buyer of his obligations. Unless the seller has received notice from the buyer that he will not perform within the period so fixed, the seller may not, during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract. However, the seller is not deprived thereby of any right he may have to claim damages for delay in performance. In the event of fruitless expiration of the additional period of time or the seller receives notice from the buyer that the buyer will not perform within the period so fixed, the provisional preclusion of the seller’s other remedies is lifted. The chapter discusses the prerequisites for giving notice of an additional period of time for performance under Article 63. It emphasizes that such notice can generally not be given by the seller prior to the due date of the respective obligation of the buyer. Furthermore, the chapter lays down the requirements as to the content of the notice: a fixed period of time and a period of time of reasonable length.
Calculation of damages in case of avoidance and substitute transaction
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles Article 75, which deals with the concrete calculation of non-performance loss when the contract has been avoided. The promisee can calculate its expectation interest by relying on a substitute transaction that it has entered into after the contract was avoided. A buyer entitled to damages can then claim the difference between the contract price and the higher price of the substitute purchase as non-performance loss; a seller entitled to damages can claim the difference between the contract price and the lower price of the substitute sale as non-performance loss. The discussion underscores that Article 75 is only applicable if the promisee has entered a substitute transaction; the mere possibility of doing so is not sufficient. A substitute transaction may only be made after the sales contract has been avoided. Furthermore, it emphasizes that a calculation of loss on the basis of Article 75 is permitted only if the substitute transaction was carried out in a reasonable manner.