bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacists at the Forefront: Identifying and Addressing Prescription Errors in Outpatient Settings of Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Raheela , Sial Fahad Jibran , Wei Calvin R. , AbuBakar Maaz , Osama Muhammad , Abdul Qadir Memon Ayesha 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
The study sought to quantify the frequency and categorize the types of prescribing errors occurring in outpatient settings while evaluating the
efficacy of pharmacist interventions in mitigating such errors.

Methodology:
This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective interventional study conducted over a one-year period from September 1, 2017, to August 31, 2018,
at the outpatient departments of one government and one private tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, Pakistan. A total of 2,552 outpatient
prescriptions were randomly collected and evaluated by the researchers to identify prescribing errors, using the British National Formulary (BNF)
as a reference guide. The study rigorously adhered to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology)
guidelines, ensuring comprehensive reporting, transparency in methodology, analysis, and interpretation of the observational research findings

Results:
The collected data were analyzed using chi-square tests in SPSS version 25 to assess statistical significance. Among the 2,552 outpatient
prescriptions examined, 12,501 (40.4%) prescribing errors were identified. The error rate was higher in the government hospital (6,672; 42.8%)
compared to the private hospital (5,829; 38.0%). The most prevalent errors occurred during the subscription stage (2,302; 45.1%), with 1,245
(48.1%) and 1,057 (42.0%) errors in the government and private hospitals, respectively. This was followed by errors in the inscription (3,447;
45.0%), superscription (5,156; 40.4%), and transcription (1,596; 31.3%) stages. Common interventions during the subscription stage addressed
incomplete patient information (age, weight, etc.), missing consultant signatures, and stamps. For the inscription stage, frequent interventions
involved incorrect drug doses and strengths.Typical interventions for the subscription and inscription stages included adding missing therapy
durations and usage instructions, respectively. Pharmacist interventions were accepted at a higher rate in private hospitals (3,669; 62.9%) compared
to government hospitals (3,675; 55.1%), with a total of 7,344 (58.7%) interventions accepted.

Conclusion:
The study revealed a high prevalence of prescribing errors across all stages of the outpatient prescription process, with the subscription stage being
the most error-prone. The findings highlight the critical role of pharmacist-led prescription interventions in mitigating prescribing errors, thereby
enhancing prescribing practices, optimizing therapeutic outcomes, and safeguarding patient safety.
Sesamol Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Gel Engineered for Wound Healing via Topical Delivery: Optimization In vitro and Ex vivo Evaluation
Authors: Makeen Hafiz A. , Albratty Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The current investigation involved the development and application of a topical treatment
for wound healing for sesamol loaded into the silver nanoparticles (SML-AgNPs).

Methods:
SML-AgNPs were produced through the application of microwave technique. The SML-AgNPs
were further optimized utilizing a Box Behnken Design (BBD).

Results:
The Opt-SML-AgNPs formulation that was optimized demonstrated a particle size of 160.49 ± 1.11
nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.241 ± 0.54, a zeta potential of -21.09 ± 0.88 mV, and an efficiency of
84.19 ± 1.19%. The morphology of the Opt-SML-AgNPs reveals a spherical structure. The Opt-SML-AgNPs
exhibit a higher in vitro drug release rate as compared to the SML suspension. The Opt-SML-AgNPs were incorporated
into the carbopol gel (Opt-SML-AgNPG) and evaluated for various parameters. The skin permeation
investigation revealed a twofold increase for the Opt-SML-AgNPG formulation when compared to the
SML-conventional gel formulation. This finding indicates a prolonged release pattern and an enhanced permeability
profile. The Opt-SML-AgNPs formulation exhibited a higher level of antioxidant activity when compared
to the SML solution which is beneficial for wound healing.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Opt-SML-AgNPG exhibits considerable potential in effectively penetrating the
deeper dermal layers. Therefore, it may be considered that they possess the potential to serve as a suitable
nanocarrier to administer topical delivery in the context of treating skin-related illnesses.
Magnesium (Mg2+): Essential Mineral for Neuronal Health: From Cellular Biochemistry to Cognitive Health and Behavior Regulation
Authors: Kumar Aakash , Mehan Sidharth , Tiwari Aarti , Khan Zuber , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Narula Acharan S. , Samant Rajaram 
Published: August 2024

:
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a crucial mineral involved in numerous cellular processes critical for neuronal
health and function. This review explores the multifaceted roles of Mg2+, from its biochemical interactions
at the cellular level to its impact on cognitive health and behavioral regulation. Mg2+ acts as a cofactor
for over 300 enzymatic reactions, including those involved in ATP synthesis, nucleic acid stability, and neurotransmitter
release. It regulates ion channels, modulates synaptic plasticity, and maintains the structural integrity
of cell membranes, which are essential for proper neuronal signaling and synaptic transmission. Recent
studies have highlighted the significance of Mg2+ in neuroprotection, showing its ability to attenuate oxidative
stress, reduce inflammation, and mitigate excitotoxicity, thereby safeguarding neuronal health. Furthermore,
Mg2+ deficiency has been linked to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and
cognitive decline. Supplementation with Mg2+, particularly in the form of bioavailable compounds such as
Magnesium-L-Threonate (MgLT), Magnesium-Acetyl-Taurate (MgAT), and other Magnesium salts, has
shown some promising results in enhancing synaptic density, improving memory function, and alleviating
symptoms of mental health disorders. This review highlights significant current findings on the cellular mechanisms
by which Mg2+ exerts its neuroprotective effects and evaluates clinical and preclinical evidence supporting
its therapeutic potential. By elucidating the comprehensive role of Mg2+ in neuronal health, this review
aims to underscore the importance of maintaining optimal Mg2+ levels for cognitive function and behavioral
regulation, advocating for further research into Mg2+ supplementation as a viable intervention for neuropsychiatric
and neurodegenerative conditions.
Comparative Evaluation of the Essential Oil Content of Asteraceae Family Medicinal Plants
Authors: Gobinath Arun , Yadav Sangilimuthu Alagar 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The Asteraceae family comprises the largest flowering plant species,
which have also been proven to have medicinal value for various illnesses due to the presence of
numerous volatile and non-volatile constituents.

Objective:
The study aims to compare the volatile phytoconstiteunts presence in the essential oils of
Asteraceae family plants including Roman Chamomile Oil (Chamaemelum nobile), German
Chamomile Oil (Matricaria chamomilla), Davana Oil (Artemisia pallens), Wormwood Oil (Artemisia
absinthium), Armoise Oil (Artemisia vulgaris), Tansy Oil (Tanacetum vulgare), Yarrow Oil
(Achillea millefolium), Tarragon Oil (Artemisia dracunculus), Tagetes Oil (Tagetes erecta) and
Immortelle Absolute Oil (Helichrysum italicum) as simultaneous estimation using the novel methods.

Methods:
Roman chamomile, German chamomile, davana, wormwood, armoire, tansy, yarrow, tarragon,
tagetes, and immortelle absolute oils were extracted by steam distillation from their respective
Asteraceae species and carried out the gas chromatography analysis.

Results:
The result was that GC-MS analysis of selected essential oils contains terpenes and terpenoids
in major amounts. Among the detected volatile constituents in crucial oils Methyl Chavicol
was found higher 75.63% in Tarragon Oil compared to other constituents followed Neryl acetate
(60.25%) found in the immortelle absolute oil, Cis davanone (55.36%) was found in the davana oil,
Ocimene (45.58%) in the tagetes oil, α-bisabololoxide B (45.26%) in the German chamomile oil,
Beta thujone (50.65%) in the tansy oil, Alpha thujone (40.21%) in the wormwood oil and Camphor
(38.65%) in the armoise oil. 1,8-Cineole, Alpha pinene, and Camphene were found in three oils
(Wormwood oil, Armoise oil and Yarrow oil) among the selected oils.

result:
The results revealed the majority of terpenes and terpenoid-natured compounds. Methyl Chavicol (75.634%) was the highest content found in the tarragon oil when compared to the compounds found in the ten Asteraceae essential oils. The compounds such as Neryl acetate (60.251%) werefound in the immortelle absolute oil, Cis davanone (55.3640%) was found in the davana oil, Ocimene (45.5856%) in the tagetes oil, α-bisabololoxide B (45.2655%) in the German chamomile oil, Beta thujone (50.6520%) in the tansy oil, Alpha thujone (40.2150%) in the wormwood oil and Camphor (38.654%) in the armoise oil. 1,8-Cineole, Alpha pinene and Camphene were the compounds found in three of the ten Asteraceae essential oils

Conclusion:
Finally, we concluded that species from the same family (Asteraceae) were biologically
synthesized with different volatile constituents. Hence, each essential oil has a unique biochemical
fingerprint. These findings will help the food industry in relation to natural flavoring.
Pseudolaric Acid B Inhibits FLT4-induced Proliferation and Migration in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lei Panpan , Liang Jinna , Su Xinyue , Gao Jiapan , Ren Bingxi , Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Yuxiu , Ma Weina 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) has attracted much attention on account of the high
incidence and mortality of cancers. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (VEGFR3/FLT4), which is a
highly expressed receptor in NSCLC, greatly regulates cancer proliferation and migration. Pseudolaric Acid B
(PAB) is a diterpenoid acid with antitumor activity isolated from Pseudolarix kaempferi. This study aimed to
explore the inhibitory effect of PAB targeting FLT4 in NSCLC.

Methods:
Cell membrane chromatography was used to evaluate the affinity of PAB binding on FLT4. NCIH1299
cells were used in this study, and an MTT assay was performed to determine the anti-proliferation effect
of PAB. Cell cycle analysis was conducted to study the cycle arrest of PAB. Wound healing and Transwell assays
assessed the rate of cell migration. Western blot analysis evaluated the expression of related proteins.

Results:
PAB showed strong affinity to FLT4 with a KD value of 3.01 × 10- 6 M. Targeting FLT4 by PAB inactivated
downstream P38MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, which inhibited the proliferation of NCI-H1299 cells.
Meanwhile, PAB promoted G2/M phase arrest by influencing CyclinB1 and CDK1 complex formation to inhibit
NCI-H1299 cell growth, but the effect was attenuated by knocking down the FLT4. Besides, PAB regulated
MMP9 secretion through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to inhibit NCI-H1299 cell migration. However, the
ability of PAB to inhibit migration was significantly weakened by FLT4 knockdown in NCI-H1299 cells.

Conclusion:
PAB can inhibit the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells through targeting FLT4 and is
expected to be a promising FLT4 inhibitor for NSCLC treatment.
Investigating the Therapeutic Property of Galium verum L. (GV) for MSG induced Audiogenic Epilepsy (AEs) and Neuroprotection through In-Silico and In-Vitro Analysis
Authors: Singh Mansi , Panda Siva Prasad 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Audiogenic Epilepsy (AEs) is a subtype of epileptic seizure that is
generally caused by high-intensity sounds. A large number of traditional medicines has been
explored in this lieu where our study chased Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae), an herbal plant
which is commonly known as Lady's Bedstraw, that contains a highly rich chemical composition
including flavonoids (Hispidulin, Quercetin, and Kaempferol), and phenolic acids (chlorogenic
acid, caftaric acid, and gallic acid). G verum is well known for its antioxidant, neuroprotective,
and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, the unique role of Adhesion G Protein-
Coupled Receptor V1 (ADGRV1) protein in the progression of audiogenic epilepsy has been
explored.

Aim and Objectives:
This study aimed to examine the potent phytoconstituents of the hydroalcoholic
extract of G. verum L. (HEGV) using analytical techniques. Additionally, our study
sought to evaluate the antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory properties, and antiepileptic
potency of HEGV by targeting ADGRV1 via in silico and in vitro analyses using SHSY5Y
cells.

Methods:
HPLC and LC-MS techniques were employed to identify the flavonoids, iridoids,
and phenolic acid derivatives present in HEGV. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), nitric
oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging assays were performed to confirm the antioxidant
potential of the extract. Additionally, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic
studies were performed using AutoDock Vina software to analyze the possible interactions
between crucial phytoconstituents of HEGV and ADGRV1, followed by cell line analysis.
In the in vitro analysis, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed
via cell viability assay, IL, GABA, and glutamate estimation.

Results:
LC-MS and HPLC analyses revealed high concentrations of hispidulin, a major flavonoid
found in HEGV. HEGV exhibited moderate-to-high free radical-scavenging activities
comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Docking analysis demonstrated that hispidulin has a
stronger binding affinity with ADGRV1 (Vina score = -8.6 kcal/mol) than other compounds.
Furthermore, cell line analysis revealed that the MSG exacerbates the neurodegeneration and
neuroinflammation, whereas, HEGV and Hispidulin both possess neuroprotective, antioxidant,
and antiepileptic activities.

Conclusion:
HEGV and Hispidulin proved to be promising candidates for treating audiogenic
epilepsy by modulating ADGRV1.
Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by “Tianyu” Pairing: Implications for Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tang Lu , Li Mingquan , Piao Songlan , Du Lianyun , Qiu Saiyue , Jiang Xin , Luo Meixiu , Wang Yinghang , Pan Zhi 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of “Tianyu” Pairing
on oxidative stress in the development of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and approach its potential
mechanism using cell experiments.

Methods:
A cell model of RA was developed by stimulating rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like
synoviocytes (RA-FLS) with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). This model aimed to assess the impact
of serum containing Rhodiola rosea-Euonymus alatus drug pair (TYP) on inflammation and
oxidative stress in the development of RA, specifically through the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Results:
The findings from the in vitro experiment demonstrated that the presence of TYP in the
serum effectively suppressed the proliferation of RA-FLS induced by TNF-α. Additionally, TYP
facilitated the apoptosis of afflicted cells, attenuated the migratory and invasive capabilities of diseased
cells, and decreased the levels of Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), reactive oxygen
species (ROS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA)
(p < 0.01). The influence of inflammation and oxidative stress in RA-FLS cells was reduced by increasing
the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and
levels of phosphorylated Nrf2, Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
(p < 0.01).

Conclusion:
TYP can regulate inflammation and oxidative stress in RA-FLS cells by activating
the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potential of Parthenium hysterophorous and Lantana camara
Authors: Firdaus Aliya , Izhar Syed Khalida , Qamar Shazia , Siddiqui Arshi , Afaq Uzma 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Parthenium hysterophorous and Lantana camara are notable for
their significant phytochemical and antimicrobial properties. Advancements in phytochemical
research have led to the development of novel formulations and products derived
from P. hysterophorus and L. camara. For instance, patent extracts from these
plants have been utilized in the formulation of pharmaceutical drugs, herbal supplements,
cosmeceuticals, and agricultural products. P. hysterophorous, commonly known as Santa
Maria feverfew or Congress grass, contains various bioactive compounds like terpenoids,
flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids.These compounds are the key to its medicinal properties,
particularly its antimicrobial activity. On the other hand, L. camara, often referred to as
wild sage, is rich in phytochemicals such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloid glycosides.

Methods:
P. hysterophorous and L. camara plants selected and checking their antimicrobial
activity by agar well diffusion method.

Results:
In our study, we found that the leaf extract of P. hysterophorous exhibited the
most potent antibacterial activity against E. coli. P. hysterophorous exhibited the most potent
antifungal activity against A. niger and T. viride, with a diameter of inhibition zone
measuring 12 mm, followed by A. flavus and A. parasiticus. In case of L. camara, the inhibitory
zone ranging from 14 to 18 mm was detected against S. abony, P. aeruginosa, E.
coli, and K. pneumonia. The leaf extract of the maximum zone of inhibition in case of L.
camara was shown by A. flavus (12 mm).

Conclusion:
The present study suggests that these two weeds could be useful in the development
of bactericides and fungicides
Asian Spice Nanotech: Illicium verum made Metal Nanoparticles for Potent Antibacterial and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Bukhari Syeda Farah , Ali Syed Nawazish , Tauseef Saima , Begum Sabira , Zia Ambreen , Aamra Husena , Hassan Erum 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Asian spices are globally recognized for their rich phytochemical composition.
The bioactive compounds of Asian spices have significant potential to extend the biological
applications of metal nanomaterials by increasing their surface area, stability, dispersion, and ecofriendliness.

Method:
The present study is designed to prepare novel iron oxide (Fe2O3) and copper oxide (CuO)
nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Illicium verum (star anise), a traditional Asian spice as a
reducing, capping & stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized to
study their molecular environment using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Elemental
composition was examined through the Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the size, shape, and other morphological characteristics of
nanoparticles. The optical properties have been tested through Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) spectroscopy
and the band gap energies of both Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles have been calculated by using the
Tauc plot method, which explores its semiconductor applications. The catalytic applications of obtained
nanoparticles have shown significant potential in the degradation of aqueous methyl orange
dye (MO).

Results:
Results revealed that Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles significantly increased the rate of reaction
by decreasing the reaction time to 45 mins and 40 mins, respectively in comparison to the
NaBH4 (60 mins). This shows that CuO has a larger surface area and more absorption capacity than
Fe2O3 NPs. To examine the cause of value healthcare, the obtained materials have also been applied
against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The bactericidal activity was compared
with gentamicin, which showed both nanometals are moderate to strongly active against tested microbes.

Conclusion:
The successful eco-friendly synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by using Asian spices
and their applications in physical and biological sciences opens the door for the scientific community
to develop and apply more novel and green nanomaterials in industrial and commercial areas.
Identification of Hub Genes and Analysis of their Regulatory miRNAs in Patients with Thymoma Associated Myasthenia Gravis Based on TCGA Database
Authors: Zhou Wei , Hu Jia , Nie Jun 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease, and 30% of patients with thymoma
often have myasthenia gravis. Patients with thymoma-associated MG (TAMG) have many
different clinical presentations compared to non-MG thymoma (NMG), yet their gene expression
differences remain unclear.

Objective:
In this study, we analyzed the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and analyzed their
regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in TAMG, which will further clarify the possible pathogenesis of
TAMG.

Methods:
DEGs were calculated using the RNA-sequencing data of TAMG and NMG downloaded
from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. R software was then used to analyze the gene
ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of DEGs, while
STRING was applied to build the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape to identify
and visualize the hub genes. Immune infiltration significances of hub genes were also explored by
using the TIMER database and TCGA database. Upstream microRNAs (miRNAs) of the hub genes
were predicted by online software.

Results:
We comparatively analyzed the gene expression differences between TAMG and NMG
groups. A total of 977 DEGs were identified between the two groups (|log fold change (FC)| >2,
adjusted P value <0.050), with 555 down-regulated genes and 422 up-regulated genes. Five top hub
genes (CTNNB1, EGFR, SOX2, ERBB2, and EGF) were recognized in the PPI network. Analysis
based on the TIMER and TCGA databases suggested that 5 hub genes were correlated with multiple
immune cell infiltrations and immune checkpoint-related markers, such as PDCD1, CTLA-4, and
CD274, in TAMG patients. Lastly, 5 miRNAs were identified to have the potential function of regulating
the hub gene expression.

Conclusion:
Our study identified 5 hub genes (CTNNB1, EGFR, SOX2, ERBB2, and EGF) and their
5 regulatory miRNAs in TAMG, and the hub genes were correlated with multiple immune cell infiltrations
and immune checkpoint-related markers. Our findings could help partially clarify the pathophysiology
of TAMG, which could be new potential targets for subsequent clinical immunotherapy.
Some New Aspects of Gold-catalyzed Benzannulation Reaction
Authors: Panda Biswajit 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
The gold-catalyzed benzannulation reaction of oxo-alkynes with al-kenes or alkynes is one of the important and unique reactions in gold-catalyzed organic trans-formations.

Methods:
In this manuscript, many facets of this reaction have been discussed concerning reac-tivity and selectivity, along with a new self-benzannulation process. The scope of this chemistry was extended to construct a phenanthrene moiety.

Results:
In addition, a palladium-gold dual catalytic arylation of isobenzopyrylium salts using arene-diazonium salts as an aryl group source and a one-pot isoquinoline synthesis is reported for the first time.

Conclusion:
Moreover, a conductance measurement experiment was performed, which supports the formation of ionic species, most likely the isobenzopyrylium auric ate complex as an inter-mediate formed during the reaction process.