bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodox Judaism
Authors: Topel Marta F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides a historical discussion of the configuration of Orthodox Judaism resulting from the emancipation of European Jews in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Haskalah movement, and the fragmentation of Rabbinic Judaism. Different sociohistorical processes that led to the radicalization of Rabbinic Judaism are analyzed, considering both doctrine and ritual practice. The view of Rabbi Chatam Sofer, considered the architect of modern ultraorthodoxy, is compared to the view of the rabbis who defended a more lenient interpretation of the Halakhah, such as Rabbi Hirschensohn. In this chapter, the functions and characteristics of Halakhah are discussed, as well as its pivotal role in the daily life of observant Jews.
Integrating YPAR Into Comprehensive School Counseling Programs
Authors: Edirmanasinghe Natalie , Ieva Kara , Levy Ian P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 describes the use of youth participatory action research (YPAR) as an approach for school counselors and youth to partner in the identification and challenging of systemic inequities in their schools and lives. The authors review how YPAR can be strategically integrated across comprehensive school counseling programs to support youth. Specifically, they detail how YPAR can be deployed by school counselors through tiered interventions to amplify youth voice, challenge systemic inequities, and spur youth development. A case study is offered to illuminate YPAR as a malleable process that can cater to the specific needs and contexts of individual schools. A reflective activity closes this chapter, offering readers an opportunity to consider how they may implement YPAR in their comprehensive school counseling programs.
Developing the Foundation for YPAR in K–12 Schools Through Counselor Education
Authors: Levy Ian P. , Ieva Kara , Edirmanasinghe Natalie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the implementation and evaluation of a youth participatory action research (YPAR) training program for school counselors to address gaps in cultural sustainability and antiracism in traditional group counseling with adolescents. The authors describe the creation of a unique counselor education curriculum rooted in YPAR, exploring the value of experiential and immersive professional development for school counselors. Findings indicate how school counselors’ theoretical and practical knowledge for group work can be elevated through YPAR. Practical implications are drawn for both school counselors and school counselor educators. A reflective exercise is offered at the end of the chapter with the goal of aiding both school counselors and school counselor educators in building a foundation for YPAR work in their respective institutions.
Mural Making
Authors: Day Lillian , Sreekala Reshma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how school counselors can engage upper elementary students in youth participatory action research (YPAR). The authors identify various theoretical bases for incorporating YPAR into school counseling and then describe initial steps school counselors can engage in prior to implementation, including transformative social–emotional learning, multicultural and social justice counseling competencies (MSJCC), cultural humility, and adultism. The authors offer considerations that school counselors must take into account as the adult facilitators of YPAR at the upper elementary level. They illuminate the application of YPAR at the upper elementary level via the illustration of a case study. Finally, they highlight some challenges that school counselors might encounter during implementation and propose different ways schools could overcome these barriers.
Engaging Community for Meaningful Educational Reform
Authors: Hipolito-Delgado Carlos P. , Zion Shelley , Stickney Dane 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how youth participatory action research can be used by school counselors to form authentic partnerships with the community. The authors explore how school counselors can implement community-based participatory action research (CBPR) to address issues of access and equity in school systems. To this end, they consider the school counselor’s role in engaging with community and the promise of CBPR as a tool for centering community expertise, intergenerational learning, youth mental health, and youth sociopolitical development. Next, they share a case of CBPR to highlight how such partnerships look in practice. The authors then end their chapter with recommendations on how the school counselor can implement CBPR in their schools.
Heartbreak and Outrage
Authors: Gorman Sara E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes on a particularly difficult event that greatly affected many American citizens’ trust in the healthcare system: the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter takes a wide view of some of the communication missteps by the government, especially in the early days of the pandemic, as well as some of the particular idiosyncrasies of the American federalist system that led to a problematic response. Through dozens of interviews with dozens of people with flagging trust in the healthcare system, the author traces the particular ways in which people have lost their faith over years of flawed pandemic response. She outlines the ways in which this particular process and widespread loss of trust should change the approach to restoring that trust. The author also argues that particular aspects of the poor communication and response to the pandemic are potential symptoms of a failing democracy.
How to Focus to Play Your Best
Authors: Gebrian Molly 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Focusing on something outside the body—on the instrument itself or on the effect of our actions —results in a higher level of performance than focusing on the body itself. A focus on the body is known as an internal focus, and causes conscious control to impede the more effective, automatic processes of muscle memory. A focus outside the body, an external focus, releases the body to self-coordinate, resulting in a higher level of skill. This chapter presents evidence for the benefits of an external focus in both beginners and more experienced players and offers specific suggestions for teachers and players to implement this idea.
Beers and brewing ingredients
Authors: Paulette Tate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chapter “Beers and Brewing Ingredients” explores the basic building blocks of Mesopotamian beer and the different types of beer that were produced. It begins with a look at some of the earliest written documents in human history. Written in the ancient city of Uruk, these so-called archaic texts document the ingredients used to brew several different types of beer and the distribution of beer to consumers. The chapter then provides a detailed look at each of the main brewing ingredients: malted barley, bappir, other grains and grain products, date syrup, aromatics, and yeast. The chapter concludes with an account of the specific types of beer that were brewed in Mesopotamia and how these beer types evolved over time.
Brewing technologies and techniques
Authors: Paulette Tate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chapter “Brewing Technologies and Techniques” explores the technologies and techniques that allowed the brewers of ancient Mesopotamia to transform a few basic ingredients into beers that could inspire poetry, song, and celebration. The chapter begins with the most famous of these poems: the Hymn to Ninkasi, goddess of beer. The poem depicts Ninkasi at work, performing the tasks of the brewer step by step, from the preparation of ingredients through the brewing and serving of beer. An associated drinking song probably celebrates the opening of a new tavern. The chapter complicates our understanding of these two key texts by comparing them to more recent drinking songs. It also considers two seductive traps––the terminological trap and the minimalist trap––that have impacted efforts to reconstruct the brewing process in Mesopotamia. The chapter then discusses several of these efforts, before turning to the archaeological and written evidence for brewing equipment.
The beer-drinking experience
Authors: Paulette Tate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chapter “The Beer-Drinking Experience” explores the diverse occasions of beer consumption in ancient Mesopotamia and the effects of beer consumption. It begins with the tale of Inana and Enki, two deities who found themselves in a high-stakes, beer-fueled competition. This story demonstrates two points about how the people of Mesopotamia understood beer consumption. First, it could lead to inebriation. Second, it could have consequences that went beyond the individual imbiber. The drinking of beer was celebrated, but it was also recognized to be a risky proposition. The motivations for drinking this potent and complicated beverage were just as varied and conflicted as today. This chapter uses a series of semi-fictional vignettes to explore four different occasions of beer consumption––in the home, at funerary feasts, on the job, and in the tavern––and then uses written evidence to uncover a distinctly Mesopotamian perspective on the effects of beer consumption.
Epilogue: Reviving an ancient art
Authors: Paulette Tate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Epilogue brings the discussion of Mesopotamian beer into the present world with a look at the craft of re-creating ancient beverages. It begins with a beer tasting event at Great Lakes Brewing Co. in Cleveland, the result of a collaboration with scholars from the Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures at the University of Chicago. The chapter then steps back to consider the re-creation of ancient beverages as both experimental archaeology and experiential archaeology. It then recounts three different efforts to recreate the beers of ancient Mesopotamia. Particular attention is devoted to third of these––the same one that began the chapter––during which the author and a team of collaborators sought to re-create Mesopotamian beer using authentic ingredients, equipment, and brewing techniques. The book ends by describing the experimental beers, Gilgamash and Enkibru––named after Gilgamesh and Enkidu––and offering a toast to Ninkasi, goddess of beer.
Rural China: Reform and Resistance
Authors: Kennedy John James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses local governance in rural China as well as social and political changes over the last forty years. This includes rural administration that comprises counties and town governments. Village committees and the party branch are grassroots organizations. The chapter focuses on the concerns of villagers and village cadres, such as land management, local economy, taxes, and environmental protection and social welfare. This includes the change in cadre-villager relations from the 1980s to the present. A critical area of research at the grassroots level is the development of village elections and as well as the uneven implementation of the law including the recent regulations (2018–2022) to limit competitive elections. Another area of focus is on resistance and protest is associated with the uneven implementation of rural political reforms. The final section of this chapter addresses the prospects of future political reform in rural China.
Introduction
Authors: Kirasirova Masha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The introduction outlines the book’s approaches to the Eastern International as a quasi-imperial formation at the intersection of global geopolitics, intellectual history, and the everyday experiences of people who shaped, and whose lives were shaped by, the “Eastern” institutions of the revolutionary party-state. It introduces key themes of the book: vestiges of Russian imperial power in Soviet history such as the use of European and Asiatic territorial-administrative categories, Central Asia’s special status for Soviet legitimacy as an anticolonial state, and the relationship between domestic and foreign Easts; the agency of intermediaries responsible for protecting the narrative of the Soviet Union as an anticolonial and anti-imperial state; and the silence on anything related to Russia and the socialist world in postcolonial theory.
Anticolonial Dreams and the Territorialization of Soviet Power
Authors: Kirasirova Masha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Eastern International as a blueprint for anticolonial and anti-imperialist revolution in the East was imagined in 1918 by the assimilated Jewish Bolshevik activist Konstantin Troianovskii, who became the first head the Comintern’s Near East Section in the early 1920s. Endorsed by Lenin and Stalin, this plan represented the Bolsheviks’ response to the reconfiguration of the world order at the end of World War I. Drawing upon European geographers and theorists of geopolitics, Troianovskii worked to “territorialize” his vision by helping to build a revolutionary network linking Moscow with “the Near East” (meaning Turkey, Iran, and the Arab world) through key outposts in Tashkent, Bukhara, and the seaports of Odessa and Batumi (in Georgia).
Decolonization and the Thaw
Authors: Kirasirova Masha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The acceleration of political decolonization in the 1950s prompted Nikita Khrushchev to acknowledge Stalin’s mistake in forsaking the East, which once again seemed to have world-historical political importance. As this chapter discusses, the expansion of Khrushchev-era investments in the Eastern Mediterranean still drew on Stalin’s logics of differentiating and also connecting the two Easts despite widespread de-Stalinization. The notion that the domestic East could serve as a magnet and model for foreign Easterners was underscored by the role of Uzbek politician Nuriddin Mukhitdinov, who assumed many responsibilities for promoting Khrushchev’s “East politics” at home and abroad. Part of this delegation of authority meant that Mukhitdinov and other Soviet Central Asians were able to leverage Moscow’s concerns about the Afro-Asian world and Central Asia’s historical connections to neighboring Turkic, Persian, and Arabic-speaking regions, including the tradition of early childhood education in Arabic, to direct resources to develop Soviet Central Asia.
The Errors of Yesterday and the Dark Matter of Today
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research traces the history of measurement in mental health to its origin in physics. In physics, the theory of errors informed the development of physical laws such as that of gravity. In mental health, this theory informed the development of measurement principles. These principles treat individual data points as only having value when they converge with other estimates; those that do not converge (i.e., discrepant results) have no value. Yet, an emerging body of work indicates that discrepant results often contain valuable information about mental health. This chapter articulates the book’s central thesis. Capitalizing on the data contained in discrepant results requires updating the relationship between physics and measurement in mental health by identifying concepts other than the theory of errors to interpret these measurements.
Why Theories About Rater Biases Fail to Explain Discrepant Results
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research provides an overview of the theory that has been used historically to interpret discrepant results—the depression→distortion hypothesis. This theory posits that a negative mood state compels an informant (e.g., parent) to attend to, encode, recall, and rate more negative behaviors in the person undergoing evaluation (e.g., parent’s child), relative to informants who do not experience such mood states (e.g., teacher). This hypothesis frames all discrepant results in this way. Accordingly, work informed by this hypothesis treats all aspects of negative mood states as sources of rater bias. This chapter describes the lack of empirical support for this hypothesis as well as methodological problems inherent in prior studies informed by this hypothesis. In so doing, the chapter briefly reviews research that indicates that discrepant results contain valid data.
The Operations Triad Model
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research describes contemporary concepts for interpreting discrepant results, namely those that comprise the operations triad model. This framework extends the concept of converging operations, which articulates how to identify valid results when they converge with one another or yield the same conclusions. In particular, the operations triad model includes concepts that allow for distinguishing discrepant results that contain valid data (diverging operations) from those that reflect measurement confounds (compensating operations). The chapter provides empirical examples for each of the operations triad model’s constituent concepts. It also provides an overview of the various literatures that have applied the framework to interpret discrepant results.
Study Design and Measurement Validation Battery
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 12 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research consists of a critical review of “best practices” when assessing adolescent social anxiety, namely relying on parents and adolescents as data sources. The chapter highlights limitations with relying on only these sources to assess and understand adolescent social anxiety. In doing so, the chapter describes study design features of Project CONTEXT—a study first described in Chapter 11 that was designed to test innovative strategies for interpreting discrepant results when assessing adolescent social anxiety. Specifically, the chapter covers Project CONTEXT’s sampling strategy, instrumentation, data sources, and validity criteria. The chapter articulates how these study design features address the limitations of traditional approaches to assessing adolescent social anxiety.
The Ubiquity of Discrepant Results in the Clinic
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 17 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research describes research on discrepant results that mental health professionals encounter when administering assessments to individual clients. The chapter begins with a discussion on research about the ways in which mental health professionals tend to interpret the value of data from multiple informants as well as barriers to collecting multi-informant data. The chapter then describes research on the rates of discrepant results observed in assessments with individual clients. The emphasis here is on discrepancies in perceived goals or targets of mental health services. The high rates of discrepant results have led to a body of work focused on the clinical decisions that mental health professionals make when they confront discrepant results in their assessments of clients, as well as the implications of discrepant results for the outcomes of mental health services.
Instrumentation
Authors: De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 20 of Discrepant Results in Mental Health Research outlines directions for future research on instrumentation in mental health research. In particular, the chapter is devoted to posing questions about traditional approaches to constructing instruments and in ways that suggest new approaches to instrument construction. Researchers who have studied discrepant results were forced to use instrumentation that was ill-prepared to index these discrepancies. Yet, this did not stop researchers from building the body of theoretical and empirical work discussed throughout this book. This signals that refining instrumentation so that it can precisely and accurately index discrepant results might boost the explanatory power of instrumentation in mental health. Along these lines, the chapter details how researchers might approach constructing instruments to accurately estimate discrepant results and how to test whether these instruments outperform those constructed using traditional approaches.
Approaches to Reading Miscellanistic Aesthetics from Late Antiquity to Today
Authors: DiGiulio Scott J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the legacy of Aulus Gellius’ Noctes Atticae as a model of miscellany. If his approach was novel in its imperial context, he nevertheless anticipated aesthetic developments in later Latin literature, as evidenced in Augustine, Macrobius, and others. Further, his miscellany was central to the development of Renaissance scholarly endeavors: Angelo Poliziano’s Miscellanea are especially indebted, as he embedded the NA’s ways of reading ancient literature into his own collection. Gellius similarly influenced other traditions that privileged variety and utilized reading as a proxy for accessing the inner lives of their authors, including Michel de Montaigne, Robert Burton, and Isaac D’Israeli. By way of concluding, this chapter looks to the Gellian legacy as presented in the works of Jorge Luis Borges, including his personal copy of the NA and his references to the miscellany in his own writings.
Second-Class Saints
Authors: Harris Matthew L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This book provides a detailed look at how the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints lifted its long-standing ban barring Black men from the priesthood and Black families from access to Mormon temples. Adapting a Protestant teaching that Black people bore a divine curse, and reinforced by a unique Latter-day teaching that Black people were “less valiant” in a pre-earth existence, these twin teachings became the fulcrum that underpinned the church’s priesthood and temple ban. The book discusses how the ban began in 1852 under the church’s second prophet-president, Brigham Young, and ended in 1978 under the church’s twelfth prophet-president, Spencer W. Kimball. The book further highlights how the ban collided with efforts to globalize the church following the Second World War, why it forced LDS church leaders to resist the civil rights movement, why it prompted dozens of universities to boycott Brigham Young University athletic competitions, and, finally, why it led federal authorities to investigate BYU for alleged violations of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The book also details how perceived threats from the Jimmy Carter administration to revoke the church’s tax exemption status provoked a swift backlash from critics who claimed that the church lifted the ban out of political expedience. The final third of the book probes how public pressure led church leaders to repudiate Mormon racial teachings in a seminal essay called “Race and the Priesthood.”
Lifting the Ban, 1973–1978
Authors: Harris Matthew L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how church president Spencer W. Kimball lifted the priesthood and temple ban and also discusses which church apostles opposed him. It highlights the central role that the Brazil Temple played in lifting the ban, as well as Kimball’s universalist vision to spread Mormonism throughout the world. This chapter underscores Kimball’s management techniques to get the church apostles to lift the ban; he met with them individually and collectively over a period of several months in 1978, in special meetings in the Salt Lake Temple to get them to change their views. Kimball relied on senior apostle Bruce R. McConkie to convince his colleagues that it was in the best interests of the church to end the exclusionary ban.