bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel approach to numerical measurements of the configurational entropy in supercooled liquids
Authors: Berthier Ludovic , Coslovich Daniele 
Published: July 2014

Significance
When liquids are cooled sufficiently fast, they remain trapped in an amorphous metastable state called a “glass.” Due to their highly disordered structure at the microscale, however, glasses are characterized by a large multiplicity of metastable states. The configurational entropy represents a measure of their number and can be estimated in experiments and simulations via different, and sometimes inconsistent, approximations. Here we propose a novel method to compute the configurational entropy in a computer simulation. Compared with other approaches, the proposed numerical scheme allows one to obtain an observable that is conceptually closer to the theoretical definition and at the same time yields results in better agreement with experiments.
Astrocytes contribute to gamma oscillations and recognition memory
Authors: Lee Hosuk Sean , Ghetti Andrea , Pinto-Duarte António , Wang Xin , Dziewczapolski Gustavo , Galimi Francesco , Huitron-Resendiz Salvador , Piña-Crespo Juan C. , Roberts Amanda J. , Verma Inder M. , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Heinemann Stephen F. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Astrocytes are well placed to modulate neural activity. However, the functions typically attributed to astrocytes are associated with a temporal dimension significantly slower than the timescale of synaptic transmission of neurons. Consequently, it has been assumed that astrocytes do not play a major role in modulating fast neural network dynamics known to underlie cognitive behavior. By creating a transgenic mouse in which vesicular release from astrocytes can be reversibly blocked, we found that astrocytes are necessary for novel object recognition behavior and to maintain functional gamma oscillations both in vitro and in awake-behaving animals. Our findings reveal an unexpected role for astrocytes in neural information processing and cognition.
Culture of the green microalga Botryococcus braunii Showa with LED irradiation eliminating violet light enhances hydrocarbon production and recovery
Authors: Atobe Sueko , Saga Kiyotaka , Maeyama Haruko , Fujiwara Kazuhiro , Okada Shigeru , Imou Kenji 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The green microalga Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii), race B, was cultured under light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation with and without violet light. This study examined the effect of violet light on hydrocarbon recovery and production in B. braunii. C34 botryococcene hydrocarbons were efficiently extracted by thermal pretreatments at lower temperatures when the alga was cultured without violet light. The hydrocarbon content was also higher (approximately 3%) in samples cultured without violet light. To elucidate the mechanism of effective hydrocarbon recovery and production, we examined structural components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The amounts of extracellular carotenoids and water-soluble polymers extracted by thermal pretreatment from the ECM were decreased when the alga was cultured without violet light. These results indicate that LED irradiation without violet light is more effective for hydrocarbon recovery and production in B. braunii. Furthermore, structural ECM components are closely involved in hydrocarbon recovery and production in B. braunii.
Complexity: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Holland John H. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
From the movement of flocks of birds to the Internet, environmental sustainability, and market regulation, the study and understanding of complex non-linear systems has become highly influential over the last thirty years. Complexity: A Very Short Introduction introduces the key elements and conceptual framework of complexity. From complex physical systems such as fluid flow and the difficulties of predicting weather, to complex adaptive systems such as the highly diverse and interdependent ecosystems of rainforests, it combines simple, well-known examples—Adam Smith’s pin factory, Charles Darwin’s comet orchid, and Herbert Simon’s “watchmaker”—with an account of the approaches, involving agents and urn models, taken by complexity theory.
The landscape of Chinese open educational resources research
Authors: Xu Ling , Zhang Jingjing , Zheng Qinhua 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– After the official definition of Open Educational Resources (OER) at the Forum on Open Courseware for Higher Education in Developing Countries in 2002, the concept was soon introduced to China and popularised among scholars, practitioners, and educators. After ten years of proliferation, it is important to explore the landscape of Chinese OER research. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper adopts social network analysis (SNA) to analyse the network defining the citations of 133 OER journal articles published in China.

Findings
– The findings illustrate that the academic circle of OER in China is small, which leads to restricted innovation. Most publications are produced by researchers working at comprehensive universities and normal universities (teachers colleges).

Research limitations/implications
– In these universities, a number of active OER researchers are emerging, but no OER research team can be identified from their citation networks. Currently, most OER research is still descriptive research, and only few case studies are being to gradually be conducted.

Practical implications
– As the Chinese OER research is still in the initial stage, more research projects in OER need to be explored to construct higher quality and more influential open content to achieve deep openness.

Originality/value
– In the literature, no one has adopted the SNA to analyse the citation network of Chinese OER research.
The grey interval prediction method and its prediction accuracy
Authors: Wang Yinao 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the interval forecasting, prediction interval and its reliability. When the predicted interval and its reliability are construction, the general rule which must satisfy is studied, grey wrapping band forecasting method is perfect.

Design/methodology/approach
– A forecasting method puts forward a process of prediction interval. It also elaborates on the meaning of interval (the probability of the prediction interval including the real value of predicted variable). The general rule is abstracted and summarized by many forecasting cases. The general rule is discussed by axiomatic method.

Findings
– The prediction interval is categorized into three types. Three axioms that construction predicted interval must satisfy are put forward. Grey wrapping band forecasting method is improved based on the proposed axioms.

Practical implications
– Take the Shanghai composite index as the example, according to the K-line diagram from 4 January 2013 to 9 May 2013, the reliability of predicted rebound height of subsequent two or three trading day does not exceed the upper wrapping curve is 80 per cent. It is significant to understand the forecasting range correctly, build a reasonable range forecasting method and to apply grey wrapping band forecasting method correctly.

Originality/value
– Grey wrapping band forecasting method is improved based on the proposed axioms.
Leadership styles: relationship with conflict management styles
Authors: Saeed Tahir , Almas Shazia , Anis-ul-Haq M. , Niazi GSK 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between leadership styles and conflict management styles among managers, while handling interpersonal conflict (mangers and subordinates).Design/methodology/approach– Middle-level managers (N= 150) from different private sector manufacturing industries were included in the study to seek responses through questionnaire based on instruments for conflict management and leadership styles.Findings– Managers who perceived to exhibit more on transformational leadership style adopted integrating and obliging style of conflict management. Those who perceived to exhibit more on transactional style opted for compromising style of conflict management. Whereas, managers perceived to exhibit laissez-faire leadership style adopted avoiding style to manage conflicts with subordinates.Originality/value– Despite the universal acceptance of leadership importance in corporate settings, research so far investigated leadership styles as determinants of conflict management styles are population-specific, including nursing managers (Hendel, 2005), university academic staff (Paul, 2006) and healthcare professionals (Saeed, 2008). Furthermore, the findings in the referred studies are not consistent, and this issue seems to be at an exploratory phase that requires further investigation to establish the relationship. Blake and Mouton (1964) and Rahim (1992) tried to measure the strategies in which individuals typically deal with the conflicts. This approach treated conflict styles as individual disposition, stable over time and across situations. It is argued and supported by literature that leadership styles or behaviors remain stable over time and are expected to be significantly related to conflict management styles (Hendel, 2005).
Body weight and labour market outcomes in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Huffman Sonya , Rizov Marian 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impacts of overweight and obesity on the probability of employment, wages, and the incidence of sick-leave days by gender, in Russia, over the transition period, 1994-2005.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors uses panel data and appropriate instrumental variables techniques to estimate a set of three models.

Findings
– The results show a linear negative effect of body mass index (BMI) on probability of employment for women and positive effect for men. The authors did not find evidence of wage penalty for higher BMI, a result different from findings of several studies on developed market economies. There is also positive impact of BMI on the number of work days missed due to health problems for women.

Originality/value
– The results derived in transition context add evidence to the growing obesity and labour market outcomes literature emphasising the relative importance of the labour supply side compared to the demand side. The policy implications of our study are gender specific.
Operational impact of collaboration and resource specificity: the moderating role of technology context
Authors: N.S. Iyer Karthik 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this research is to enhance understanding of the sources of relational rents in supply chains and the nature of their relationships with performance. Using the relational view framework and contingency perspective, the study develops a model and hypotheses to understand the nature of the relationships of collaboration and resource specificity with operational performance under technology context contingencies.Design/methodology/approach– Data for testing the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model were collected through a survey of managers in the Hoover’s database of manufacturing firms. The survey sample included 115 responses from a wide variety of manufacturing forms.Findings– Findings support the conventional wisdom relating collaboration and operational improvements. Notably, technological turbulence has a differential interactive influence on collaboration and resource specificity in predicting operational performance. In the former, the strength of the performance relationship is enhanced, while in the latter, it diminishes. Product complexity enhances the collaboration–operational performance linkage. The results, however, have to be further corroborated by more confirmatory analysis in future research.Research limitations/implications– The research findings are not conclusive but of an exploratory initial evidence, as stepwise regression analysis has its limitations. Additionally, while the study specifically focused on demand-side collaboration aspects, supply chain management envelops upstream and internal collaboration as well. Investigating the performance implications and the interactive dynamics among all three partnerships in the supply chains provides a richer understanding of supply chain partnerships. Besides, more comprehensive insights could be obtained by modeling the interactive effects of other factors in the operating context.Practical implications– Firms derive performance benefits from close collaboration with downstream partners because the operational enhancements from such relationships have customer service implications. Besides, the results provide a framework to managers for understanding the technology context conditions that may be best suited for leveraging collaborative initiatives and idiosyncratic investments in pursuit of operational performance improvements.Originality/value– Much of the evidence on the rent generation capabilities in supply chain partnerships is still anecdotal and extant empirical research lacks adequate explanation. Another critical shortcoming in extant literature is research on the disentangled interactive influence of operating context factors on the supply chain sources of rent (i.e. capabilities)–performance relationships. The study contributes by addressing these issues.
Visionary leadership and its relationship to organizational effectiveness
Authors: M. Taylor Colette , J. Cornelius Casey , Colvin Kate 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between visionary leadership and the perception of organizational effectiveness in nonprofit organizations. Leaders with high levels of transformational leadership were predicted to be reported as having more effective organizations.Design/methodology/approach– Data from 135 executive organizational leaders and 221 of their subordinates were collected from 52 various nonprofit organizations across USA. Leaders completed measures of leadership behavior and perceived organizational effectiveness, while followers provided ratings of their perspective leaders’ leadership style, organizational effectiveness, and organizational change magnitude.Findings– Significant relationships were found between visionary leadership and perceived organizational effectiveness. Regression analysis also showed some significant correlations between high leadership behaviors and perceived organizational effectiveness. Visionary leaders with high leadership skills facilitated the greatest perceived organizational effectiveness in their respective organizations.Practical implications– Leaders wishing to improve their organization's effectiveness may wish to adopt a visionary leadership style. Visionary leaders develop practices through executive training and development that would hone their skills to significantly impact organizational effectiveness.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the existing literature focussed on the relationship between leadership styles and organizational effectiveness. Different aspects of these variables were tested in order to provide a wider and more comprehensive understanding of the factors affecting nonprofit organizations and their employees.
Reducing air emissions from tanneries with tradable permits
Authors: Ostoich Marco , Zanetto Gabriele 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Tanneries present heavy environmental impacts due to air emissions. Specific quality objectives are fixed by European Directives concerning air and, in particular, volatile organic compounds. The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for the management of air emissions with a view to achieve quality standards in the Italy's largest tannery district by means of a tradable emissions permits (TEPs) system.

Design/methodology/approach
– A methodological approach is presented and analysed. The proposed system is based on the “bubble” configuration, which appears to be an effective and feasible application based on the total maximum daily load criterion, supported by the air quality standards or the environmental risk assessment (ERA) procedure.

Findings
– The TEP system favours technological improvements in the reduction of emissions. The system may not provide a solution to the unpleasant odours deriving from the tanneries, but its application supported by ERA will make it possible to define the admissible levels of air pollution and improve the general state of air quality.

Research limitations/implications
– Although the study is not exhaustive and requires further investigation in the economic, legal, administrative and air pollution sectors, it does give the basic elements for a preliminary analysis. The evident lack of experimental data concerning weather and climatic features, intrinsic to exposure assessment, has been pointed out.

Originality/value
– This study proposes a methodological pathway aimed at defining the system of tradable permits by verifying the existence and availability of the necessary data. The proposed TEP system can be extended to other homogeneous industrial districts with an appropriate selection of one or more critical parameters.
Proposed Method for Predicting Pair Matching of Skeletal Elements Allows Too Many False Rejections
Authors: Vickers Sara , Lubinski Patrick M. , Henebry DeLeon Lourdes , Bowen John T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractByrd proposes a method for predicting pair matches in commingled remains to reduce visual comparison. The method compares differences between left and right postcranial element measurements in commingled samples with differences in known pairs from a reference sample using a t‐score approach. We duplicated his protocol using six elements from two samples of known paired elements (n = 854 to 1063) and calculated the number of pairs correctly predicted. Time commitment was estimated by mathematically attempting matches with all left and right elements in these samples. Although the results show an 86% reduction in the number of potential pairs requiring visual matching, we do not recommend the method because (i) the normality assumption for use of a t‐score approach is violated, (ii) no account is made for bilateral asymmetry, and (iii) the high rate of false rejections (up to 22%) undermines its ability to show true incompatibilities for potential pair matches.
Neuroimaging craving: urge intensity matters
Authors: Wilson Stephen J. , Sayette Michael A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFunctional neuroimaging has become an increasingly common tool for studying drug craving. Furthermore, functional neuroimaging studies, which have addressed an incredibly diverse array of questions regarding the nature and treatment of craving, have had a substantial impact on theoretical models of addiction. Here, we offer three points related to this sizeable and influential body of research. First, we assert that the craving most investigators seek to study represents not just a desire but a strong desire to use drugs, consistent with prominent theoretical and clinical descriptions of craving. Secondly, we highlight that, despite the clear conceptual and clinical emphasis on craving as an intense desire, brain imaging studies often have been designed explicitly in a way that reduces the ability to generate powerful cravings. We illustrate this point by reviewing the peak urge levels endorsed by participants in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of cigarette craving in nicotine‐deprived versus non‐deprived smokers. Thirdly, we suggest that brain responses measured during mild states of desire (such as following satiety) differ in fundamental ways from those measured during states of overpowering desire (i.e. craving) to use drugs. We support this position by way of a meta‐analysis revealing that fMRI cue exposure studies using nicotine‐deprived smokers have produced different patterns of brain activation to those using non‐deprived smokers. Regarding brain imaging studies of craving, intensity of the urges matter, and more explicit attention to urge intensity in future work has the potential to yield valuable information about the nature of craving.
Safety evaluation of rabbit eyes on scleral collagen cross‐linking by riboflavin and ultraviolet A
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Fengju , Liu Kegao , Zhao Xu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the safety of the scleral collagen cross‐linking (CXL) transferred from corneal CXL in rabbit eyes using histology and electroretinography (ERG).MethodsStress–strain measurement was performed five rabbits 1 week after scleral CXL. Dark‐adapted ERG was repeatedly applied on bilateral eyes of 10 rabbits before, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the CXL operation. Histological analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling, the measurement of outer nuclear layer thickness and transmission electron microscopy were performed onto 15 rabbits at corresponding time points postoperatively.ResultsThe mechanical and biochemical stability of rabbit scleral tissues was statistically increased after the scleral CXL (P = .00). However, the dark‐adapted ERG amplitudes were statistically reduced 1 week, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). Compared with the control eyes, apoptotic cells and ultrastructural changes can be found in the retinal layers of scleral cross‐linked eyes.ConclusionsAccording to the electrophysiological and histopathological results, the current scleral CXL laboratory technique is not safe enough for the postoperative visual function of rabbit eyes.
Hunger‐dependent and sex‐specific antipredator behaviour of larvae of a size‐dimorphic mosquito
Authors: WORMINGTON JILLIAN D. , JULIANO STEVEN A. 
Published: July 2014

1. Modification of behaviours in the presence of predators or predation cues is widespread among animals. The costs of a behavioural change in the presence of predators or predation cues depend on fitness effects of lost feeding opportunities and, especially when organisms are sexually dimorphic in size or timing of maturation, these costs are expected to differ between the sexes.2. Larval Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) were used to test the hypothesis that behavioural responses of the sexes to predation cues have been selected differently due to different energy demands.3. Even in the absence of water‐borne predation cues, hungry females (the larger sex) spent more time browsing than did males, indicating a difference in energy needs.4. In the presence of predation cues, well‐fed larvae of both sexes reduced their activity more than did hungry larvae, and males shifted away from high‐risk behaviours to a greater degree than did females, providing the first evidence of sex‐specific antipredator behaviour in foraging mosquito larvae.5. Because sexual size dimorphism is common across taxa, and energetic demands are probably correlated with size dimorphism, this research demonstrates the importance of investigating sex‐specific behaviour and behavioural responses to enemies, and cautions against generalising results between sexes.