bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling magnetized star-planet interactions: boundary conditions effects
Authors: Strugarek Antoine , Brun Allan Sacha , Matt Sean P. , Reville Victor 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe model the magnetized interaction between a star and a close-in planet (SPMIs), using global, magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations. In this proceedings, we study the effects of the numerical boundary conditions at the stellar surface, where the stellar wind is driven, and in the planetary interior. We show that is it possible to design boundary conditions that are adequate to obtain physically realistic, steady-state solutions for cases with both magnetized and unmagnetized planets. This encourages further development of numerical studies, in order to better constrain and undersand SPMIs, as well as their effects on the star-planet rotational evolution.
Stellar CME activity and its possible influence on exoplanets' environments: Importance of magnetospheric protection
Authors: Khodachenko Maxim L. , Sasunov Yury , Arkhypov Oleksiy V. , Alexeev Igor I. , Belenkaya Elena S. , Lammer Helmut , Kislyakova Kristina G. , Odert Petra , Leitzinger Martin , Güdel Manuel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCMEs are large-scale magnetized plasma structures carrying billions of tons of material that erupt from a star and propagate in the stellar heliosphere, interacting in multiple ways with the stellar wind. Due to the high speed, intrinsic magnetic field and the increased plasma density compared to the stellar wind background, CMEs can produce strong effects on planetary environments when they collide with a planet. The main planetary impact factors of CMEs, are associated interplanetary shocks, energetic particles accelerated in the shock regions, and the magnetic field disturbances. All these factors should be taken into account during the study of evolutionary processes on exoplanets and their atmospheric and plasma environments. CME activity of a star may vary depending on stellar age, stellar spectral type and the orbital distance of a planet. Because of relatively short range of propagation of majority of CMEs, they impact most strongly the magnetospheres and atmospheres of close orbit (< 0.1 AU) exoplanets.
Density evolution of in-falling prominence material from the 7th June 2011 CME
Authors: Carlyle Jack , Williams David , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia , Innes Davina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis work investigates the density of in-falling prominence material following the 7th June 2011 eruption. Both the evolution and the distribution of the density is analysed in five discreet “blobs” of material. The density appears to be remarkably uniform, both spatially within the blobs, and temporally over the course of the descent of each, although a slight concentration of material towards the leading edge is noted in some cases. Online material is available at bit.ly/jackblob
Modeling Prominence Formation in 2.5D
Authors: Fang X. , Xia C. , Keppens R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe use a 2.5-dimensional, fully thermodynamically and magnetohydrodynamically compatible model to imitate the formation process of normal polarity prominences on top of initially linear force-free arcades above photospheric neutral lines. In magnetic arcades hosting chromospheric, transition region, and coronal plasma, we perform a series of numerical simulations to do a parameter survey for multi-dimensional evaporation-condensation prominence models. The investigated parameters include the fixed angle of the magnetic arcade, the strength and spatial range of the localized chromospheric heating.
Evolution of a Group of Coronal Holes Associated with Eruption of Nearby Prominences and CMEs
Authors: Gutiérrez Heidy , Taliashvili Lela , Mouradian Zadig 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present the results of detailed study of a set of activities developed on one of three enclosed sectors of solar region during the period of February 07–13, 2012. We found the sequence of certain topological perturbations of whole coronal holes (CHs) and their surroundings associated to the eruption of nearby prominence and subsequent Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Especially, we observe the emergence of small bright points (BPs) and the formation of dimming regions (DRs) close to the filament's channel associated with a pre–evolution of filament/prominence eruption, whereas BPs disappearance and the shrinkage of CH we found associated with the post-eruption evolution of prominence and of CME.
High-resolution spectroscopy of a giant solar filament
Authors: Kuckein Christoph , Denker Carsten , Verma Meetu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHigh-resolution spectra of a giant solar quiescent filament were taken with the Echelle spectrograph at the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT; Tenerife, Spain). A mosaic of various spectroheliograms (Hα, Hα±0.5 Å and Na D2) were chosen to examine the filament at different heights in the solar atmosphere. In addition, full-disk images (He i 10830 Å and Ca ii K) of the Chromspheric Telescope and full-disk magnetograms of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager were used to complement the spectra. Preliminary results are shown of this filament, which had extremely large linear dimensions (~740″) and was observed in November 2011 while it traversed the northern solar hemisphere.
Spectral Observations of Filament Activation
Authors: Mashnich G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStudies of solar filament (prominence) activation and eruption are often based on measurements of intensity fluctuations in various solar emission bands and rarely on Doppler velocity measurements. The goal of this paper is to analyze the process of quiescent filament activation, using spectral data, and its associated events in solar UV band. Motions have been examined in a small southern fragment of a quiescent, extended filament in the northern hemisphere prior to and during its activation on June 14 2012. A part of the fragment disappeared after the filament activation.
The polar belts of prominence occurence as an indicator of the solar magnetic field reversal
Authors: Pintér Teodor , Rybanský Milan , Dorotovič Ivan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe global magnetic field of the Sun is the determining parameter of spreading the solar wind in the interplanetary space. The global field changes the polarity synchronically with the cycle of solar activity. The interesting indicator of the polarity change are the occurence so-called polar belts of the prominences. The article shows the performance of these belts on observational work from 1975 to 2009. A coordinated effort is suggested for the compilation of data from different observers following the method described by Rušin et al., 1988.
Total mass loading of prominences estimated from their multi-spectral observations
Authors: Schwartz Pavol , Heinzel Peter , Kotrč Pavel , Fárník František , Kupryakov Yurij A. , DeLuca Edward E. , Golub Leon 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe total mass of several quiescent prominences observed in EUV by the AIA instrument on board SDO, in soft X-rays by XRT on Hinode and in Hα and CaII H by the SLS and HSFA spectrographs of the Ondřejov observatory, was estimated. Values of asymmetry of coronal emissivity obtained during the mass computations are compared with those estimated from 193 Å intensities measured at the disk edge and just above the limb.
Constraints on the Release History of Solar Energetic Particles by Flux-tube Variations
Authors: Agueda N. , Klein K.-L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present the analysis of a large solar near-relativistic (>50 keV) electron event observed by the Wind spacecraft on 1998 April 20. In-situ data show variations of the local magnetic field direction accompanied by changes in the topology of the observed electron pitch-angle distributions. These suggest changes in the magnetic flux tubes scanned by Wind. Using simulations of the interplanetary particle transport, we model the early rising phase of the electron event, from 10:30 to 11:00 UT, and infer the propagation conditions and the injection history of the first arriving 50–82 keV solar electrons. The results reveal a prompt (≤1 min) release in coincidence with the soft X-ray and type III radio bursts, suggesting that the first arriving electrons were flare-accelerated.
Evolution of the 5 January 2005 CMEs associated with eruptive filaments in inner heliosphere
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Srivastava Nandita , Jackson Bernard V. , Chakrabarty D. , Luckett Nolan , Yu Hsiu-Shan , Hu Qiang , Möstl Christian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOn 5 January 2005, SoHO/LASCO observed two CMEs associated with eruptive filaments with different initial velocities and acceleration. The second CME accelerates much faster than the previous and the resulting interaction has been revealed in in-situ spacecraft measurements by the presence of magnetic holes at the border of the two distinct magnetic clouds. At their interface region, these magnetic clouds have embedded filament plasma that shows complex magnetic structures with a distinct magnetic flux rope configuration; these have been modeled by the Grad - Shafranov reconstruction technique. The geomagnetic consequences of these structures have been associated with substorms in recovery phase of a storm and detailed analysis is presented in Sharma et al. (2013). In the present paper, we highlight the comparison of shape and extent of two filament plasma remnants in magnetic clouds as revealed by three - dimensional (3D) reconstruction and analysis from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) data. The results provide an overview of the two eruptive filaments on 5 January 2005 and their interplanetary propagation.
Featuring dark coronal structures: physical signatures of filaments and coronal holes for automated recognition
Authors: Palacios Judith , Cid Consuelo , Saiz Elena , Cerrato Yolanda , Guerrero Antonio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFilaments may be mistaken for coronal holes when observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images; however, a closer and more careful look reveals that their photometric properties are different. The combination of EUV images with photospheric magnetograms shows some characteristic differences between filaments and coronal holes. We have performed analyses with 7 different SDO/AIA wavelengths (94, 131, 171, 211, 193, 304, 335 Å) and SDO/HMI magnetograms obtained in September 2011 and March 2012 to study coronal holes and filaments from the photometric, magnetic, and also geometric point of view, since projection effects play an important role on the aforementioned traits.
A single versatile wideband amplifier from LNA up to MPA
Authors: Estagerie François-Xavier , Langrez Dominique , Muraro Jean-Luc , Cazaux Jean-Louis , Leblanc Rémy 
Published: January 2014

This work presents a wideband amplifier, in 12–19 GHz frequency range, with noise figure lower than 1.35 and 26 dB of gain developed in the frame of European Component Initiative program, supported by European Space Agency. By using a flexible biasing, this amplifier allows us to reach a significant linearity, output power at 1 dB compression up to 19 dBm, or to reduce the DC consumption close to 210 mW. This versatility implies that a user has a low-noise amplifier) or medium power amplifier in a single chip. The D01PHS process, from OMMIC foundry, has been chosen in order to realize this MMIC, thanks to linearity capability, and also thanks to a significant potential for low-noise amplification.
Public–Private Collaboration in Clinical Research During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Childhood
Authors: Koletzko Berthold , Benninga Marc A. , Godfrey Keith M. , Hornnes Peter J. , Kolaček Sanja , Koletzko Sibylle , Lentze Michael J. , Mader Silke , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. , Oepkes Dick , Oddy Wendy H. , Phillips Alan , Rzehak Peter , Socha Piotr , Szajewska Hania , Symonds Michael E. , Taminiau Jan , Thapar Nikhil , Troncone Riccardo , Vandenplas Yvan , Veereman Gigi 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis position statement summarises a view of academia regarding standards for clinical research in collaboration with commercial enterprises, focussing on trials in pregnant women, breast‐feeding women, and children. It is based on a review of the available literature and an expert workshop cosponsored by the Early Nutrition Academy and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Clinical research collaborations between academic investigators and commercial enterprises are encouraged by universities, public funding agencies, and governmental organisations. One reason is a pressing need to obtain evidence on the effects, safety, and benefits of drugs and other commercial products and services. The credibility and value of results obtained through public–private research collaborations have, however, been questioned because many examples of inappropriate research practice have become known. Clinical research in pregnant and breast‐feeding women, and in infants and children, raises sensitive scientific, ethical, and societal questions and requires the application of particularly high standards. Here we provide recommendations for the conduct of public–private research collaborations in these populations. In the interest of all stakeholders, these recommendations should contribute to more reliable, credible, and acceptable results of commercially sponsored trials and to reducing the existing credibility gap.
Exploring the nutritional basis of starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lee Kwang Pum , Jang Taehwan 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Food limitation is the most common environmental challenge faced by animals and the capacity of animals to survive prolonged periods of starvation is linked to their diet and nutritional status. The fruit flies of the genus Drosophila have been widely used to study the ecology and evolution of starvation resistance (SR), but the nutritional basis of their resistance to starvation has not yet been fully explored.

We have taken a nutritionally explicit approach to investigate the quantitative and qualitative effects of nutrition on SR in Drosophila melanogaster using state‐space geometric models of nutrition. Experimental flies were given ad libitum access to artificial diets differing in concentrations and ratios of protein and carbohydrate for 5 days before they were assayed for starvation time, body composition and life‐history parameters. The main objectives of this study were to determine the most critical nutritional factor of SR and to understand the utilization patterns of endogenous metabolic fuels during starvation in Drosophila.

Starvation resistance in Drosophila was greatly influenced by the dietary protein : carbohydrate (P : C) ratio, but neither by the caloric content of the diet nor by carbohydrate alone. SR was strongest at the lowest P : C ratio and decreased with rising P : C ratio. When fed on low P : C diets, Drosophila not only deposited more lipids, but also lowered the minimum body weight required for tolerating starvation. During starvation, Drosophila exhibited a dramatic transition in the utilization of endogenous fuels. In the early phase of starvation, Drosophila exclusively used nonlipid substrates, but switched to the late phase during which they mobilized lipids to maintain life under starvation.

Our results highlight the important role that nutrition plays in determining the phenotypic expression of SR in Drosophila and provide broad implications for understanding starvation responses in other species, including humans. This study introduces how the recent advances in nutritional physiology can offer new insights into the ecology and evolution of starvation responses.
How do individual farmers' objectives influence the evaluation of rangeland management strategies under a variable climate?
Authors: Jakoby Oliver , Quaas Martin F. , Müller Birgit , Baumgärtner Stefan , Frank Karin 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Management decisions by farmers are influenced by complex interrelations of ecological, economic and social factors. Of equal importance are the individual farmers' objectives. However, their relevance has been rarely considered in analyses of management decisions in farming systems. This study systematically analyses the role of farmers' objectives in their decision‐making under various climatic conditions, with dryland grazing systems as a case study.

We develop a generic ecological–economic simulation model to compare the performance of a range of fixed grazing strategies under two objectives: (i) maximizing expected utility under risk aversion and (ii) achieving stochastic viability (‘safety first’). We investigate combined effects of several management components in rotational grazing systems and assess the robustness of the results under different climate scenarios.

The two objectives considered have structurally different outcomes. The evaluation under the objective to maximize (risk averse) expected utility indicates a trade‐off between mean income and income variability under which farmers would choose one individually optimal management strategy depending on their risk preferences. In contrast, a whole set of strategies is viable under the safety‐first objective. Thus, it offers a solution space for decision support rather than selecting a single optimal strategy.

Under both objectives, economically preferable strategies share common characteristics: short standing time, large paddock number and reasonably high stocking rate improve the efficiency of a farm enterprise in terms of higher mean income, lower variance, coverage of certain minimum income requirements while preserving pasture quality.

Synthesis and applications. The outcomes of this study contribute to both management support at the farm scale and policy advice at the regional scale and beyond. An insight of practical relevance for individual farmers is that a strategy type with high‐intensity, short‐duration grazing management appears to be most robust under changing climate and economic conditions. Nevertheless, considering individual farmers' objectives is essential for determining the individually optimal strategy. Furthermore, for policymakers, we provide an approach to evaluate policy programmes governing farming activities in terms of effectiveness and implications (particularly side effects). The explicit consideration of the diversity of individual objectives is crucial for avoiding counterproductive incentives and improving sustainability of land‐use policies.
Pipelines for New Chemicals: a strategy to create new value chains and stimulate innovation‐based economic revival in Southern European countries
Authors: Timmis Kenneth , de Lorenzo Victor , Verstraete Willy , Garcia Jose Luis , Ramos Juan Luis , Santos Helena , Economidis Ioannis , Nogales Balbina , Timmis James Kenneth , Fonseca César , Pruzzo Carla , Karagouni Amalia , Panopoulos Nickolas , Dixon Bernard 
Published: January 2014

SummaryCountries of Southern Europe are currently suffering from severe socio‐economic pain resulting from high debt levels and austerity measures which constrain investment in innovation‐based recovery strategies that are essential for entry into a long‐term sustainable period of increasing employment and wealth creation. Young university‐educated people are particularly innovative, and hence vital to the development of such strategies, but employment opportunities are poor and many are forced to seek employment that neither profits from their training nor satisfies their justified career expectations, or to emigrate. They are the ‘lost generation’. A strategy is proposed here for the creation of Pipelines for New Chemicals, national centre‐network partnerships for the discovery‐synthesis of new chemicals obtained though harvesting new biological diversity, and their exploitation to develop new medicines, agrochemicals, materials, and other products and applications. The goal is to create new regional motors of economic growth and development, by harnessing the knowledge, motivation and innovation potential of the excellently educated young people of Europe to catalyse the development of new small, medium and large enterprises centred around novel chemicals, and the value chains that will evolve with them, and thereby develop a powerful sector of sustainable growth in employment and social and economic prosperity in Southern Europe.
Back to Little Havana: Controlling Gentrification in the Heart of Cuban Miami
Authors: Feldman Marcos , Jolivet Violaine 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this article we examine the nature and implementation of governing strategies to control the gentrification of Little Havana, the symbolic heart of Cuban Miami. We ask how Cuban American power relations at the neighborhood level operate to ‘produce’ the citizen best suited to fulfill and help reproduce policies and practices of ‘securing’ in order to gentrify Little Havana. Based on long‐term ethnographic research in Little Havana and Miami, our analysis reveals how governance operates through neighborhood‐level intermediaries and interpersonal relations. We apply Foucault's ‘pastoral power’ to Miami's Cuban exile community in order to explain how the ‘Cuban‐ness’ and ‘Latin‐ness’ of governing relations and the personification of political power are crucial to socio‐spatial control in Little Havana. Elites shape the conduct of individuals in order to achieve strategic goals in the name of community interest. Residents are key partners in the relational ensemble that governs and disciplines the neighborhood comprised mostly of low‐income, Central‐American immigrants.
Demographic and Treatment Patterns for Infections in Ambulatory Settings in the United States, 2006‐2010
Authors: May Larissa , Mullins Peter , Pines Jesse 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesMany factors may influence choice of care setting for treatment of acute infections. The authors evaluated a national sample of U.S. outpatient clinic and emergency department (ED) visits for three common infections (urinary tract infection [UTI], skin and soft tissue infection [SSTI], and upper respiratory infection [URI]), comparing setting, demographics, and care.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 2006–2010 data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Care Survey (NHAMCS) and National Ambulatory Care Survey (NAMCS). Patients age ≥ 18 years with primary diagnoses ofUTI,URI, andSSTIwere the visits of interest. Demographics, tests, and prescriptions were compared, divided byEDversus outpatient setting using bivariate statistics.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2010, there were an estimated 40.9 million ambulatory visits forUTI, 168.3 million visits forURI, and 34.8 million visits forSSTI; 24% ofUTI, 11% ofURI, and 33% ofSSTIvisits were seen inEDs. Across all groups,EDpatients were more commonly younger and black and had Medicaid or no insurance.EDpatients had more blood tests (54% vs. 22% forUTI, 21% vs. 14% forURI, and 25% vs. 20% forSSTI) and imaging studies (31% vs. 9% forUTI, 27% vs. 8% forURI, and 16% vs. 5% forSSTI). Pain medications were more frequently used in theED; over one‐fifth ofUTIandSSTIvisits included narcotics. In both settings, greater than 50% ofURIvisits received antibiotics; more than 40% ofUTI EDvisits included broad‐spectrum fluoroquinolones.ConclusionsEmergency departments treated a considerable proportion of U.S. ambulatory infections from 2006 to 2010. Patient factors, including the presence of acute pain and access to care, appear to influence choice of care setting. Observed antibiotic use in both settings suggests a need for optimizing antibiotic use.