bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wettability and swelling of acetylated and furfurylated wood analyzed by multicycle Wilhelmy plate method
Authors: Moghaddam Maziar Sedighi , Wålinder Magnus E.P. , Claesson Per M. , Swerin Agne 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The wetting, dimensional stability and sorption properties of a range of modified wood samples obtained either by acetylation or furfurylation were compared with those of unmodified samples of the same wood species via a multicycle Wilhelmy plate method. Wettability measurements were performed with water and octane as the swelling and non-swelling liquids, respectively. It was found that acetylation reduces water uptake mainly by reducing the swelling. In comparison, furfurylation reduces both swelling and the void volume in the sample. To quantify the effect of the modification process of the wood properties, the parameters “liquid up-take reduction” and the “perimeter change reduction” were introduced, which were determined from multicycle Wilhelmy plate measurements. Compared with the acetylated wood, the furfurylated wood with a higher level of weight percent gain exhibited larger property changes on the surface and in terms of swelling and sorption properties.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of p-bromophenacyl bromide at 200 K – Localization of hydrogen atoms, C8H6Br2O
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract C8H6Br2O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 4.0853(2) Å, b = 9.6025(4) Å, c = 21.989(1) Å, V = 862.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0208, wRref(F2) = 0.0492, T = 200 K.
Surface plasmon coupled emission as a novel analytical platform for the sensitive detection of cysteine
Authors: Mulpur Pradyumna , Kurdekar Aditya , Podila Ramakrishna , Rao Apparao M. , Kamisetti Venkataramaniah 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Thiolated amino acids are biologically important molecules due to their role in protein folding and structure. One such molecule is cysteine (Cys), which acts as a biomarker for diseases like cancer, HIV, sepsis, etc., making its rapid detection imperative and essential. In this study, we report the sensitive detection of the thiolated amino acid Cys, from the non-thiolated amino acid arginine (Arg), using the novel surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) platform, characterized with high signal-to-noise ratios. Our studies were performed on the conventional silver (Ag) SPCE substrate, where Cys was detected to a nanomolar level, which is a major improvement to the previously reported level of sensitivity. This can be attributed to the highly sensitive SPCE platform and the unique thiol-Ag interactions associated specifically with Cys. We have also shown the role and influence of the coating process on sensitivity of detection and substantiated the advantages of SPCE over the SPR-based strategy of detection. The simplistic and economical SPCE platform enabled the sensitive detection of Cys that is of biological and medical relevance.
CPT Encapsulated Silica-titania Hollow Nanoparticle Targeting SK-BR-3 Cells for efficient Anticancer treatment
Authors: Jang Yoonsun , Jang Jyongsik 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTHER-conjugated hollow nanoparticles (HER–HNP, ca. 50 nm in diameter) are fabricated using a dissolution and re-deposition method and used to encapsulate camptothecin (CPT). The HER-HNP-CPT is used as an anti-cancer agent for human breast cancer SK-BR-3. It has excellent mono-dispersity and a high loading efficiency for CPT. Two kind of cell lines are used in this study; SK-BR-3 and RAW 264.7. SK-BR-3 and RAW 264.7 are used as targeting and controlling cell line, respectively. When SK-BR-3 cells are treated with HER-HNP-CPT, the viability decreased to 55%, which is ca. 1.5 times higher anti-cancer efficiency in comparison to RAW 264.7. The HER-HNP-CPT system offers a new opportunity to facilitate implementation of a hydrophobic drug for effective anti-cancer treatment of SK-BR-3 cells.
Study of Back-Channel Defect States on Bottom-Gate IGZO TFTs Using Capacitance-Voltage Analysis
Authors: Mudgal T. , Walsh N. , Edwards N. , Manley R.G. , Hirschman K.D. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis work investigates the quality of back-channel passivation applied to sputter-deposited IGZO bottom-gate TFTs. Passivation materials investigated were alumina, silicon dioxide, and B-staged bisbenzocyclobutene-based (BCB) resins. Sputtered quartz and PECVD (TEOS) SiO2rendered the IGZO material highly conductive (ρ< 0.01 Ω·cm), with subsequent annealing in oxidizing ambient unable to restore a high-resistivity state. Appropriate channel resistivity was restored on devices passivated with electron-beam evaporated alumina and spin-coated BCB when followed by annealing in air. Alumina passivated devices demonstrated improved stability; however slight distortions in measured I-V and C-V characteristics were observed. TCAD simulation was used to develop an IGZO material/device model, with results indicating the significant presence of oxygen-vacancy (OV) interface traps and negative fixed charge remaining at the back-channel.
Microsphere-assisted Fabrication of Ultra-high Aspect-ratio PDMS Micropillars for Bio-inspired Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Paek Jungwook , Kim Jaeyoun 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe developed a new soft-lithographic fabrication technique which enables the realization of high aspect-ratio PDMS micropillars. The key enabling factor is the adoption of the direct drawing technique incorporated with the in situ heating for simultaneous hardening and solidification of the PDMS micropillars. In addition, our technique allows self-aligned installation of highly reflective microspheres at the tips of the micropillars. Using the transparent PDMS micropillar as a flexible waveguide and the microsphere as a self-aligned reflector, we transformed the microsphere-tipped PDMS micropillars into all optically interrogated acoustic sensors inspired by the cricket’s filiform hairs and successfully demonstrated the sensing capability.
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ON THE FORMING OF WELDING ARC
Authors: Vakulenko I. O. , Plitchenko S. O. , Makarevich D. M. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. The purpose of work is a comparative analysis of chemical compounds influence on the process of forming arc welding and condition of its burning. Methodology. A wire with diameter 3 mm of low carbon steel with contain of carbon 0.15% was material for electrode. As chemical compounds, which determine the terms of arc welding forming the following compounds were used: kaolin; with admixtures of gypsum up to 60%; and with the iron concentration up to 50%. Researches were conducted using the direct electric current and arc of reverse polarity. As a source of electric current a welding transformer of type PSO-500n was used. On the special stand initial gap between the electrode and metal plate was 1-1.5 mm. The inter electrode space was filled with the probed chemical compound and the electric arc was formed. At the moment of arc forming the values of electric current and arc voltage were determined. After the natural break of electric arc, the final gap value between electrodes was accepted as a maximal value of arc length. Findings. Experimentally the transfer of metal in interelectrode space corresponded to the tiny drop mechanism. According to external signs the relation between maximal arc length and the power of electric current has the form of exponential dependence. Specific power of electric arc at the moment of arc forming per unit of its length characterizes the environment in the interelectrode space. Originality. 1) Based on the analysis of influence of the studied chemical compounds on the formation processes of electric arc the inversely proportional relationship between the power of the electric current and the maximum arc length until the moment of its natural break is defined. 2) Ratio between the maximal arc length and the power of electric current, with the sufficiently high coefficient of correlation is submitted to the exponential dependence. Influence of the compounds under study on the process of electric arc forming is determined using the indexes of degree of the above mentioned correlation. 3) The value of specific power of electric current at the moment of electric arc forming per unit of arc length can be accepted as the parameter, which characterizes the state of interelectrode space environment. Practical value. In the conditions of identical adjusting force of electric current the sequence of location of the studied compounds in the order of increase of their influence on the process of arcing is determined. Minimum influence is observed from kaolin, and maximal one – from .
DEVELOPMENT OF (Fe–B–C)-BASED FILLER FOR WEAR-RESISTANT COMPOSITE COATINGS
Authors: Sukhova O. V. , Zdorovets N. O. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Development of multi-alloyed filler for abrasive wear-resistant composites. Methodology. The methods of microstructural, X-ray and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses were used to achieve research purpose. Micro-mechanical properties of structural constituents and abrasive wear-resistance of composites were determined. Findings. The complete dissolution of chromium and vanadium in the borides of Fe2В and FeВ that are initial structural constituents of Fe–В–С peritectic alloys has been established. These elements primarily dissolve in iron monoboride. Dissolution of molybdenum and niobium is not practically observed. As a result the phases of Мо2В, Мо2(В,С) or NbВ2 can be seen in the structure. Alloying with chromium and vanadium increases compression strength and crack resistance coefficient, but that with molybdenum and niobium enhances total microhardness and hardness of the alloys. Structure formation of the interfaces between the filler and the binder of the composites based on МNМts 20-20 binder is governed by dissolution and diffusion processes when multi-alloyed (Fe–В–С) alloy is applied as filler of the composites. The phase and the structural composition of contact interaction zones canbe explained by re-crystallization of the filler surface layers after dissolution caused by contact with the molten binder. Consequently the macroheterogeneous structure of the composites is free of defects and strong adhesion between the filler and the binder is assured. Contact interaction intensity can be controlled by the choice of temperature-and-time infiltration regimes. Originality. The peculiarities in the formation of structure and properties of Fe2В- and FeВ-based solid solutions observed in the structure of the Fe–В–С peritectic alloys were investigated that allowed us to recommend composition of multicomponent alloy to be applied as filler of (Cu–Ni–Mn)-matrix macroheterogeneous composites. Practical value. Owing to multiple alloying of the filler based on Fe–В–С peritectic alloy with chromium, vanadium, molybdenum and niobium the abrasive wear resistance of composite coatings can be compared with that of tungsten-containing coatings, which ensures saving of expensive and deficient materials.
APPLICABILITY ANALYSIS OF HEXAHEDRAL HOLLOW PROFILES AS COMPONENT ELEMENTS OF SUPPORTING SYSTEMS FOR GONDOLA CARS
Authors: Fomin O. V. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose. The purpose of work is presentation of features and results of the conducted works on determination of introduction expedience of hexahedral hollow profiles as the component elements of the modern supporting systems of railway freight gondola cars. Methodology. During the research an introduction methodology of different types of profiles as alternative to the existent supporting elements of the body module for freight car was used. This methodology had been developed by the author before. It is oriented to the reduction in material consumption and providing of strength requirements and operating reliability of the car design under study. The developed methodology includes the procedures of admissible values calculation of the resistance moments of the section of the hexahedral hollow profile, which is being introduced. It also includes the determination of optimum (i.e. characterized by the minimum material consumption when meeting the durability requirements) values of height and minimum thickness of profile in the conditions of construction limitations. At the same time the admissible resistance moments are calculated as such, which are equal to the value of existent implementation of supporting element or as such that are determined taking into account the surplus design reserve. The first direction is applied in this work. Findings. As a result of the conducted research the introduction expedience of hexahedral hollow profiles as vertical rods of the lateral and latitude belts of the walls of the butt-end freight gondola cars is grounded and the optimum parameters of such replacements are determined. Originality. The problem of the use expedience of hexahedral hollow profiles as the supporting elements of the freight gondola cars bodies was first considered in the article. To solve this problem the mathematical models describing the dependence of basic strength and mass indexes of the proper profiles on varying the geometrical parameters, as well as the auxiliary graph are developed. Practical value. Practical implementation of the results of conducted research for universal freight gondola cars will reduce their empty weight and accordingly increase their lifting capacity for almost 100 kg. upon the implementation of durability and operating reliability requirements. This taking into account the large scale of their park will provide a considerable economic effect at their producing and operation. The materials developed and presented in the article can be used for consideration and solution of analogical tasks for other types of freight cars, and also for other facilities of the transport engineering. According to the results of the work an invention application of Ukraine was applied.
Evaluating a Bilingual Patient Navigation Program for Uninsured Women With Abnormal Screening Tests for Breast and Cervical Cancer: Implications for Future Navigator Research
Authors: Simon Melissa A. , Tom Laura S. , Nonzee Narissa J. , Murphy Kara R. , Endress Richard , Dong XinQi , Feinglass Joe 
Published: February 2015

Objectives. The DuPage Patient Navigation Collaborative evaluated the Patient Navigation Research Program (PNRP) model for uninsured women receiving free breast or cervical cancer screening through the Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program in DuPage County, Illinois. Methods. We used medical records review and patient surveys of 477 women to compare median follow-up times with external Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program and Chicago PNRP benchmarks of performance. We examined the extent to which we mitigated community-defined timeliness risk factors for delayed follow-up, with a focus on Spanish-speaking participants. Results. Median follow-up time (29.0 days for breast and 56.5 days for cervical screening abnormalities) compared favorably to external benchmarks. Spanish-speaking patients had lower health literacy, lower patient activation, and more health care system distrust than did English-speaking patients, but despite the prevalence of timeliness risk factors, we observed no differences in likelihood of delayed (> 60 days) follow-up by language. Conclusions. Our successful replication and scaling of the PNRP navigation model to DuPage County illustrates a promising approach for future navigator research.
Influence of School Architecture and Design on Healthy Eating: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Frerichs Leah , Brittin Jeri , Sorensen Dina , Trowbridge Matthew J. , Yaroch Amy L. , Siahpush Mohammad , Tibbits Melissa , Huang Terry T.-K. 
Published: February 2015

We examined evidence regarding the influence of school physical environment on healthy-eating outcomes. We applied a systems perspective to examine multiple disciplines’ theoretical frameworks and used a mixed-methods systematic narrative review method, considering both qualitative and quantitative sources (published through March 2014) for inclusion. We developed a causal loop diagram from 102 sources identified. We found evidence of the influence of many aspects of a school’s physical environment on healthy-eating outcomes. The causal loop diagram highlights multilevel and interrelated factors and elucidates the specific roles of design and architecture in encouraging healthy eating within schools. Our review highlighted the gaps in current evidence and identified areas of research needed to refine and expand school architecture and design strategies for addressing healthy eating.
Stimulated-Rock Characteristics and Behavior in Multistage Hydraulic-Fracturing Treatment
Authors: Lin Avi , Ma Jianfu 
Published: February 2015

Summary
This paper presents a mathematical integration process through which all the important useful information and data related to stimulated rock are properly extracted and embedded so that the total effects of the hydraulic-fracturing stimulation are properly presented by the microseismic data detected and collected during the hydraulic-fracturing process. A multistage hydraulic-fracturing strategy is often used to help maximize the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). The current analysis is based on chaining the stage results one-by-one. At each stage, the 3D SRV is constructed on the basis of its observed microseismic events with an enhanced convex-hull approach. This algorithm offers both a mathematical approximation of 3D volume and a 3D visualization of the SRV geophysical shape(s). More-detailed geometric characteristics are calculated further from the ellipsoid that best fits the constructed SRV, which relies on the acquired microseismic events. The characteristics include length, width, height, and orientation azimuth of the stimulated rock. Moreover, it forms the basis for calculating the overall SRV with the stage-by-stage approach.
In the advanced phase, this algorithm offers characteristics related to the interaction between multiple stages. The accurate 3D geophysical geometry of the overlapping volume between multiple stages is extracted and is calculated, and the percentage of overlapping volume over the SRV is estimated at each stage. These volume-overlapping quantities reveal the potential communication between these stages, indicating the efficiency of hydraulic-fracturing efforts and implying the loss of treatment fluid. This algorithm provides the field engineers with several useful aspects: an essential, reliable, and direct compound tool to dynamically visualize the stimulated reservoir geometry and treatment-field evolution; a real-time evaluation of the efficiency of a hydraulic-fracturing treatment; and parameters to help increase the production of a stimulated reservoir.
Deep Compaction Control of Sandy Soils
Authors: Bałachowski Lech , Kurek Norbert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Vibroflotation, vibratory compaction, micro-blasting or heavy tamping are typical improvement methods for the cohesionless deposits of high thickness. The complex mechanism of deep soil compaction is related to void ratio decrease with grain rearrangements, lateral stress increase, prestressing effect of certain number of load cycles, water pressure dissipation, aging and other effects. Calibration chamber based interpretation of CPTU/DMT can be used to take into account vertical and horizontal stress and void ratio effects. Some examples of interpretation of soundings in pre-treated and compacted sands are given. Some acceptance criteria for compaction control are discussed. The improvement factors are analysed including the normalised approach based on the soil behaviour type index.
Static Load Tests, Short Series Interpretation
Authors: Meyer Zygmunt 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Statistic load test is the most commonly used method for estimation of the bearing capacity of piles. From the test we obtain the series a values: load-settlement, Q–s curve. In practice, it is extremely difficult to reach the critical load of the pile when the settlement turns out of control. The existing methods that allow bearing capacity to be calculated give the value which is very often 1/10 of the critical load. The question arises if it is possible based upon short series of load, i.e., 0–0.4 critical load, to predict the critical value of the load, with accuracy which is sufficient for practical calculation. The paper presents a method how to calculate the critical load based upon short series of load in the static load tests.
Dynamics Coefficient for Two-Phase Soil Model
Authors: Wrana Bogumił 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper investigates a description of energy dissipation within saturated soils-diffusion of pore-water. Soils are assumed to be two-phase poro-elastic materials, the grain skeleton of which exhibits no irreversible behavior or structural hysteretic damping. Description of motion and deformation of soil is introduced as a system of equations consisting of governing dynamic consolidation equations based on Biot theory. Selected constitutive and kinematic relations for small strains and rotation are used. This paper derives a closed form of analytical solution that characterizes the energy dissipation during steady-state vibrations of nearly and fully saturated poro-elastic columns. Moreover, the paper examines the influence of various physical factors on the fundamental period, maximum amplitude and the fraction of critical damping of the Biot column. Also the so-called dynamic coefficient which shows amplification or attenuation of dynamic response is considered.
Effect of Variation of Temperature Field on the Process of Thermal Consolidation of Tailings Pond “Zelazny Most”
Authors: Bartlewska-Urban Monika , Strzelecki Tomasz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The following study presents numerical calculations for establishing an impact of temperature changes on the process of distortion of bi–phase medium. The Biot consolidation equations with Kelvin–Voigt rheological skeleton were used for that purpose. The process was exemplified by thermal consolidation of post floatation dump “–elazny Most”. We analyzed the behavior of the landfill under the action of its own weight, forces of floating filtration and temperature gradient. Values of certain effective parameters of model were obtained during laboratory tests on material obtained from the landfill. The remaining data for mediums with similar characteristics were taken from literature. The results obtained from the stress state in the landfill allow the magnitude of plasticity potential to be specified based on known strength criteria. Change in the value sign of the plasticity potential clearly testifies to the emergence of an area of plasticity of material from landfill, however, this does not indicate the loss of stability of this hydrotechnical structure.
Structure and Calibration of Constitutive Equations for Granular Soils
Authors: Sawicki Andrzej , Sławińska Justyna , Mierczyński Jacek 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The form of incremental constitutive equations for granular soils is discussed for the triaxial configuration. The classical elasto-plastic approach and the semi-empirical model are discussed on the basis of constitutive relations determined directly from experimental data. First, the general structure of elasto-plastic constitutive equations is presented. Then, the structure of semiempirical constitutive equations is described, and a method of calibrating the model is presented. This calibration method is based on a single experiment, performed in the triaxial apparatus, which also involves a partial verification of the model, on an atypical stress path. The model is shown to give reasonable predictions. An important feature of the semi-empirical incremental model is the definition of loading and unloading, which is different from that assumed in elasto-plasticity. This definition distinguishes between spherical and deviatoric loading/unloading. The definition of deviatoric loading/unloading has been subject to some criticism. It was therefore discussed and clarified in this paper on the basis of the experiment presented.