bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational Decision Making: An Information Aggregation View
Authors: Csaszar Felipe A. , Eggers J. P. 
Published: April 2013

We study four information aggregation structures commonly used by organizations to evaluate opportunities: individual decision making, delegation to experts, majority voting, and averaging of opinions. Using a formal mathematical model, we investigate how the performance of each of these structures is contingent upon the breadth of knowledge within the firm and changes in the environment. Our model builds on work in the Carnegie tradition and in the group and behavioral decision-making literatures. We use the model to explore when delegation is preferable to other structures, such as voting and averaging. Our model shows that delegation is the most effective structure when there is diversity of expertise, when accurate delegation is possible, and when there is a good fit between the firm's knowledge and the knowledge required by the environment. Otherwise, depending on the knowledge breadth of the firm, voting or averaging may be the most effective structure. Finally, we use our model to shed light on which structures are more robust to radical environmental change and when crowd-based decision making may outperform delegation. This paper was accepted by Jesper Sørensen, organizations.
REVIEWS
Authors: Sloan Dr Rachel , Harty Deborah 
Published: April 2013

MANTEGNA TO MATISSE: MASTER DRAWINGS FROM THE COURTAULD GALLERY The Courtauld Gallery, London, 14 June to 9 September 2012 and The Frick Collection, New York, 2 October 2012 to 27 January 2013
HYPERDRAWING: BEYOND THE LINES OF CONTEMPORARY ART, TRACEY (2012) (EDITED BY PHIL SAWDON
AND RUSSELL MARSHALL) London & New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. Paperback, ISBN: 978 1 78076 254 8
Maschinelles Sehen für mobile Roboter: Virtuell-aktive visuelle Odometrie
Authors: Willert Volker 
Published: April 2013

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Navigation von autonomen mobilen Robotern anhand von Videodaten. Es wird ein Ansatz zur Verbesserung visueller Odometriealgorithmen vorgestellt, der die Idee der Einflussnahme auf die Bilddaten durch ein aktives Kamerasystem aufgreift, ohne tatsächlich eine Aktorik zu benutzen. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch virtuelle Fixationen das räumliche Muster des Bildflusses so verändert werden kann, dass die daraus berechneten Kamerabewegungen genauer werden. Zur Berechnung der Kamerabewegung wird der aktive 7-Punkt-Algorithmus eingeführt. Anhand von statistischen Auswertungen wird abgeleitet, welche Fixationspunkte dazu besonders geeignet sind und ein Verfahren beschrieben, wie geeignete Fixationspunkte ausgewählt werden können. Desweiteren wird ein Vergleich zwischen dem virtuell-aktiven Ansatz und einem genauen visuellen Odometrieverfahren auf aktuellem Stand der Technik gegeben.
Crystal structure of 1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole- 2(3H)-thione, C9H7F3N2S
Authors: Zhu Guang-Zhou , Lu Zai-Sheng , Shi Huan-Le , Wang Xiang-Shan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C9H7F3N2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.695(4) Å, b = 4.676(2) Å, c = 24.13(1) Å, β = 97.861(4)°, V = 972.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0386, wRref(F2) = 0.1074, T = 296 K.
Next-generation sequencing in the clinical genetic screening of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Crona Joakim , Verdugo Alberto Delgado , Granberg Dan , Welin Staffan , Stålberg Peter , Hellman Per , Björklund Peyman 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundRecent findings have shown that up to 60% of pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are caused by germline or somatic mutations in one of the 11 hitherto known susceptibility genes: SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, VHL, HIF2A (EPAS1), RET, NF1, TMEM127 and MAX. This list of genes is constantly growing and the 11 genes together consist of 144 exons. A genetic screening test is extensively time consuming and expensive. Hence, we introduce next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a time-efficient and cost-effective alternative.MethodsTumour lesions from three patients with apparently sporadic PCC were subjected to whole exome sequencing utilizing Agilent Sureselect target enrichment system and Illumina Hi seq platform. Bioinformatics analysis was performed in-house using commercially available software. Variants in PCC and PGL susceptibility genes were identified.ResultsWe have identified 16 unique genetic variants in PCC susceptibility loci in three different PCC, spending less than a 30-min hands-on, in-house time. Two patients had one unique variant each that was classified as probably and possibly pathogenic: NF1 Arg304Ter and RET Tyr791Phe. The RET variant was verified by Sanger sequencing.ConclusionsNGS can serve as a fast and cost-effective method in the clinical genetic screening of PCC. The bioinformatics analysis may be performed without expert skills. We identified process optimization, characterization of unknown variants and determination of additive effects of multiple variants as key issues to be addressed by future studies.
The clinical significance and primary determinants of hirsutism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Panidis Dimitrios , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Papadakis Efstathios , Chatzis Panagiotis , Kandaraki Eleni A , Tsourdi Elena A , Vosnakis Christos , Katsikis Ilias 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveHirsutism is frequently present in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is a major sign of hyperandrogenism. However, other disorders frequently present in PCOS, particularly abdominal obesity and insulin resistance (IR), have also been implicated in the development of hirsutism in this population but relevant data are limited. We aimed to define the determinants of the presence of hirsutism in PCOS.DesignObservational study.MethodsWe studied 1297 patients with PCOS (age 24.3±5.8 years, BMI 26.8±6.9 kg/m2). Hirsutism was defined as a modified Ferriman–Gallwey score ≥8.ResultsWomen with hirsutism were younger, had greater BMI, and had higher levels of circulating androgens than women without hirsutism; markers of IR did not differ between the two groups after adjustment for age and BMI. The prevalence of hirsutism progressively declined with age, was lower in normal-weight women than in overweight and obese women, and was comparably prevalent in the hyperandrogenemic phenotypes of PCOS. In binary logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of the presence of hirsutism were younger age, larger waist circumference (W), and higher serum testosterone levels. In stepwise linear regression analysis, the Ferriman–Gallwey score independently correlated with age, W, free androgen index, and serum Δ4-androstenedione and DHEAS levels.ConclusionsBesides hyperandrogenemia, abdominal obesity, and young age are independently associated with the presence of hirsutism. In contrast, the relationship between IR and hirsutism appears to be mediated by the more severe obesity of insulin-resistant patients with PCOS.
Decreased ovarian function is associated with obesity in very long-term female survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: van Dorp W , Blijdorp K , Laven J S E , Pieters R , Visser J A , van der Lely A J , Neggers S J C M M , van den Heuvel-Eibrink M M 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveObesity and gonadal dysfunction are known major side effects of treatment in adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS). In the general population, obesity has a negative influence on female fertility. We aimed to evaluate whether obesity and serum insulin are associated with decreased ovarian reserve markers in CCS.DesignRetrospective single-center cohort study.MethodsData of 191 female survivors of childhood cancer were analyzed. Median follow-up time was 18.8 (2.3–48.8) years. Outcome measures were serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and total follicle count (FC). Potential risk factors were: BMI; body composition measures, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (total fat percentage, lean body mass, and visceral fat percentage); and fasting insulin.ResultsLower serum AMH was found in obese subjects (β(%) −49,P=0.007) and in subjects with fasting insulin in the highest tertile (β(%) −43,P=0.039). Total fat percentage tends to be associated with serum AMH (β(%) −2.1,P=0.06). Survivors in the highest tertile of insulin had significantly lower FC than survivors in the lowest tertile (β−6.3,P=0.013). BMI and other measures of body composition were not associated with FC. Correlation between serum AMH and antral follicle count (AFC) wasρ=0.32 (P=0.08).ConclusionsObesity and insulin resistance are associated with gonadal damage, as reflected by decreased AMH and reduced FC in adult survivors of childhood cancer. In contrast to its highly predictive value for AFC in the healthy female population, serum AMH does not seem to correlate as well with AFC in CCS.
Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of Desmosomal Proteins (Plakoglobin, Desmoplakin and Plakophilin), Connexin-43, and N-cadherin in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: An Autopsy Study
Authors: Tavora Fabio , Zhang Mingchang , Cresswell Nathaniel , Li Ling , Fowler David , Franco Marcello , Burke Allen 
Published: April 2013

Background:
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic disorder related to mutations in desmosomal proteins. The current study tests the hypothesis that immunohistochemical staining for desmosomal proteins is of diagnostic utility by studying autopsy-confirmed cases of ARVC.

Methods and Results:
We studied 23 hearts from patients dying suddenly with ARVC. Control subject tissues were 21 hearts from people dying from non-cardiac causes (n=15), dilated cardiomyopathy (n=3) and coronary artery disease (n=3).
Areas free of fibrofatty change or scarring were assessed on 50 sections from ARVC (24 left ventricle, 26 right ventricle) and 28 sections from controls. Immunohistochemical stains against plakoglobin, plakophilin, desmoplakin, connexin-43, and N-cadherin were applied and area expression analyzed by computerized morphometry. Desmin was stained as a control for fixation and similarly analyzed.
The mean area of desmin expression was similar in controls and ARVC (86% vs. 85%, p=0.6). Plakoglobin expression was 4.9% ± 0.3% in controls, vs. 4.6% ± 0.3% in ARVC (p=0.3). Plakophilin staining was 4.8% ± 0.3% in controls vs. 4.4% ± 03% in ARVC (p=0.3). Desmoplakin staining was 3.4% in controls vs. 3.2 ± 0.2% in ARVC (p=0.6). There were no significant differences when staining was compared between right and left ventricles (all p > 0.1).
For non-desmosomal proteins, the mean area of connexin-43 staining showed no significant difference by presence of disease.

Conclusions:
The small and insignificant decrease in junction protein expression in ARVC suggests that immunohistochemistry is not a useful tool for the diagnosis.
Wear debris from hip prostheses characterized by electron imaging
Authors: Topolovec Matevž , Milošev Ingrid , Cör Andrej , Bloebaum Roy 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The characterization of wear particles is of great importance in understanding the mechanisms of osteolysis. In this unique study, thirty-one tissue samples were retrieved at revision surgeries of hip implants and divided into four groups according to the composition of metal prosthetic components. Tissue samples were first analyzed histologically and then by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with back-scattered electron imaging and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Therefore, particles were studied directly in situ in tissue sections, without the requirement for particle isolation. The composition of metal wear particles detected in the tissue sections corresponded to the composition of the implant components. A considerable number of large metal particles were actually clusters of submicron particles. The clustering of submicron particles was observed primarily with CoCrMo (cobalt-chromiummolybdenum) and, to a lesser extent, for stainless steel particles. SEM secondary and back-scattered electron imaging was an appropriate and selective method for recognizing the composition of metal particles in the in situ tissue sections, without destroying their spatial relationship within the histology. This method can be used as a screening tool for composition of metal and ceramic particles in tissue sections, or as an additional method for particle identification.
Building the Research Capacity of Clinical Physical Therapists Using a Participatory Action Research Approach
Authors: Janssen Jessie , Hale Leigh , Mirfin-Veitch Brigit , Harland Tony 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThis 2-year study explored the experiences of clinical physical therapists who used a participatory action research (PAR) approach to learn about the practice of clinical research.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of physical therapists who were conducting clinical research, facilitated by a PAR approach.DesignA mixed-methods research design was used.MethodsPhysical therapists completed questionnaires, were interviewed, and participated in focus groups prior to and after the 1-year intervention and 1 year later. The research facilitator took field notes. Questionnaire data were analyzed descriptively, and themes were developed from the qualitative data. Twenty-five therapists took part in 4 self-selected groups.ResultsThree groups actively participated in the PAR research projects (n=14). The remaining 11 therapists decided not to be involved in clinical research projects but took part in the study as participants. After 1 year, one group completed the data collection phase of their research project, and a second group completed their ethics application. The third group ceased their research project but hosted a journal club session. At completion of the study, the experiences of the physical therapists were positive, and their confidence in conducting research and orientation toward research had increased. The perceptions of physical therapists toward research, relationships among individuals, and how the clinical projects were structured influenced the success of the projects.LimitationsOnly physical therapists of one hospital and no other health care practitioners were included in this study.ConclusionsFourteen physical therapists divided among 3 PAR groups were overall positive about their experiences when they conducted a research project together. This finding shows that a PAR approach can be used as a novel tool to stimulate research participation in clinics.
Results of the NeuroBlate System first-in-humans Phase I clinical trial for recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Sloan Andrew E. , Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Valerio-Pascua Jose , Manjila Sunil , Torchia Mark G. , Jones Stephen E. , Sunshine Jeffrey L. , Phillips Michael , Griswold Mark A. , Clampitt Mark , Brewer Cathy , Jochum Jennifer , McGraw Mary V. , Diorio Dawn , Ditz Gail , Barnett Gene H. 
Published: April 2013

Object
Laser interstitial thermal therapy has been used as an ablative treatment for glioma; however, its development was limited due to technical issues. The NeuroBlate System incorporates several technological advances to overcome these drawbacks. The authors report a Phase I, thermal dose–escalation trial assessing the safety and efficacy of NeuroBlate in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (rGBM).

Methods
Adults with suspected supratentorial rGBM of 15- to 40-mm dimension and a Karnofsky Performance Status score of ≥ 60 were eligible. After confirmatory biopsy, treatment was delivered using a rigid, gas-cooled, side-firing laser probe. Treatment was monitored using real-time MRI thermometry, and proprietary software providing predictive thermal damage feedback was used by the surgeon, along with control of probe rotation and depth, to tailor tissue coagulation. An external data safety monitoring board determined if toxicity at lower levels justified dose escalation.

Results
Ten patients were treated at the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals–Case Medical Center). Their average age was 55 years (range 34–69 years) and the median preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status score was 80 (range 70–90). The mean tumor volume was 6.8 ± 5 cm3 (range 2.6–19 cm3), the percentage of tumor treated was 78% ± 12% (range 57%–90%), and the conformality index was 1.21 ± 0.33 (range 1.00–2.04). Treatment-related necrosis was evident on MRI studies at 24 and 48 hours. The median survival was 316 days (range 62–767 days). Three patients improved neurologically, 6 remained stable, and 1 worsened. Steroid-responsive treatment-related edema occurred in all patients but one. Three had Grade 3 adverse events at the highest dose.

Conclusions
NeuroBlate represents new technology for delivering laser interstitial thermal therapy, allowing controlled thermal ablation of deep hemispheric rGBM. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00747253 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Biomechanical evaluation of 2 insertion points for ventral screw fixation of C-2 dens fractures
Authors: Oberkircher Ludwig , Bliemel Christopher , Flossdorf Felix , Schwarting Tim , Ruchholtz Steffen , Krüger Antonio 
Published: April 2013

Object
For many Type II fractures of the dens (Anderson and D'Alonzo classification), a double anterior screw fixation is performed. If screw disruption occurs, the location is most often at the anterior caudal endplate and body of the axis and not directly at the fracture line. The authors' objective was to determine the differences in primary mechanical stability at 2 insertion points used in ventral screw fixation of Type II fractures of the C-2 dens.

Methods
Screw fixation was performed on 16 formalin-fixed human C-2 dens specimens. The specimens were divided into 2 groups. For Group 1, the screws were inserted directly at the anterior lower endplates; for Group 2, the screws were inserted 2 mm dorsal to the anterior wall of the vertebral body. After a Type II odontoid fracture was created with an oscillating saw, screw fixation was performed using two 3.5-mm partially threaded lag screws with washers. Subsequently, each vertebral body was continuously loaded. The criterion for breakage was reversal of the force vector.

Results
In Group 1, screw disruption occurred at the point of entry; the mean load failure was 290.5 ± 106 N. In Group 2, no screw disruption occurred; the mean load failure was 574.2 ± 170.5 N. These results were significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
For double screw fixation of Type II fractures of the dens (Anderson and D'Alonzo classification), placement of the screws as far dorsal to the anterior lower endplate as possible seems to favorably affect primary stability. In actual clinical practice, care should be taken to not damage the anterior wall of the vertebral body of the axis during screw insertion.
Application of proteomics to the study of pollination drops
Authors: Prior Natalie , Little Stefan A. , Pirone Cary , Gill Julia E. , Smith Derek , Han Jun , Hardie Darryl , O'Leary Stephen J. B. , Wagner Rebecca E. , Cross Tyra , Coulter Andrea , Borchers Christoph , Olafson Robert W. , von Aderkas Patrick 
Published: April 2013

•Premise of the study:Pollination drops are a formative component in gymnosperm pollen‐ovule interactions. Proteomics offers a direct method for the discovery of proteins associated with this early stage of sexual reproduction.•Methods:Pollination drops were sampled from eight gymnosperm species:Chamaecyparis lawsoniana(Port Orford cedar),Ephedra monosperma, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus oxycedrus(prickly juniper),Larix×marschlinsii, Pseudotsuga menziesii(Douglas‐fir),Taxus×media, andWelwitschia mirabilis. Drops were collected by micropipette using techniques focused on preventing sample contamination. Drop proteins were separated using both gel and gel‐free methods. Tandem mass spectrometric methods were used including a triple quadrupole and an Orbitrap.•Results:Proteins are present in all pollination drops. Consistency in the protein complement over time was shown inL. ×marschlinsii. Representative mass spectra fromW. mirabilischitinase peptide andE. monospermaserine carboxypeptidase peptide demonstrated high quality results. We provide a summary of gymnosperm pollination drop proteins that have been discovered to date via proteomics.•Discussion:Using proteomic methods, a dozen classes of proteins have been identified to date. Proteomics presents a way forward in deepening our understanding of the biological function of pollination drops.
La publication d'informations financières volontaires : synthèse et discussions
Authors: Pourtier Frédéric 
Published: April 2013

Cet article propose une synthèse des recherches sur le thème des informations volontaires et met en avant le manque d’unité dans la définition du concept. Nous proposons une définition du caractère « volontaire » reposant sur des attributs objectifs de ces informations : contenu, séquence et vecteur. Bien que ces publications soient justifiées par les limites reconnues des informations comptables normées, l’opportunisme des dirigeants et la contingence des diffusions remettent en question la validité même des valeurs volontairement communiquées. Nous proposons une synthèse des travaux sur ce débat. Enfin, sur la base de critères informatiques servant à qualifier une information, nous soulignons tout ce qui éloigne les informations volontaires du statut d’information utilisable. À partir de ces constats, des pistes de recherche sont proposées.
Comment évaluer la productivité dans les activités de service ?
Authors: Gervais Michel , Thenet Gervais 
Published: April 2013

L’article compare la méthode DEA au Pendiscan pour apprécier la productivité dans le secteur des services. Chaque outil est étudié sur les plans théorique et pratique, en essayant de répondre à la question : comment mesurer la productivité sans oublier la qualité et la flexibilité ?
Critiques du budget : une approche contingente
Authors: Bescos Pierre-Laurent , Cauvin Éric , Langevin Pascal , Mendoza Carla 
Published: April 2013

Ces dernières années, la procédure budgétaire a fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques qui auraient même conduit un certain nombre d’entreprises à aller « au-delà du budget » et à gérer sans budget. Pourtant, plusieurs études récentes montrent que le budget est loin d’être mort dans la plupart des grandes entreprises. Ces constatations contradictoires militent pour une meilleure compréhension des critiques adressées au budget et pour une analyse approfondie des conditions dans lesquelles elles sont formulées. De nombreux travaux ont montré l’effet des variables de contingence sur les systèmes et outils de contrôle. Il est donc raisonnable de penser que, en fonction de situations contingentes différentes, des critiques elles-mêmes différentes puissent être exprimées. À partir d’une enquête par questionnaire, cet article analyse, dans un premier temps, dans quelle mesure les entreprises cautionnent les critiques généralement adressées au budget et observe qu’il existe quatre types de critiques. Dans un second temps, les résultats montrent que le niveau d’incertitude influence fortement l’attitude globalement critique vis-à-vis du processus budgétaire. Les variables de taille, de cotation en Bourse et de stratégie expliquent certaines critiques spécifiques.