bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Four-Factor Model for Assessing Probability of Capture of Unowned Resource Opportunities
Authors: Kenck Anthony , Wright Mal , Lopez Jaime Alvarez , Coulom Steve , Jonas Todd , Otzmann Terri , Simon Melina , Temple John , Williams Bennett 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Upstream companies face a series of three discrete, serial probabilities in capturing and commercializing hydrocarbon resource: capture (probability of securing the right to financially participate), exploration (Rose 1992) (probability of discovery), and commerciality (probability of economic viability). This paper focuses on probability of capture (PoC).
Organizations such as defense contractors have used the concept of “probability of win” to help estimate their chances of capturing large government project contracts and to guide their capture planning efforts. The authors have created a four-factor framework specific to the upstream sector of the oil industry. The four factors are probability that the owner will SELL, probability that our company (the buyer) is willing to BUY or make an offer, probability that the buyer's offer will WIN or be chosen as the winner, and probability of reaching final agreement or ALIGNment, including completing final documents. The four factors are multiplied to reach a final probability of capture. This framework takes into account both probabilistic (external) and decision (internal) factors, and can be used at any point during the project assessment. Chevron uses the probabilities of capture and discussion of the components to help understand the adequacy of its business-development efforts and to provide insights to capture teams to help guide them. The authors believe that capture assessment is important, and that this framework is robust and general enough for use in the capture assessment of any upstream opportunity.
Proinflammatory Cytokines, Adiponectin, and Increased Risk of Primary Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Patients With or Without Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Schöttker Ben , Herder Christian , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Roden Michael , Kolb Hubert , Müller Heiko , Brenner Hermann 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
Inflammatory processes contribute to both diabetes and cardiovascular risk. We wanted to investigate whether circulating concentrations of proinflammatory immune mediators and adiponectin in diabetic patients are associated with incident cardiovascular events.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 1,038 participants with diabetes of the population-based ESTHER study, of whom 326 showed signs of renal dysfunction, Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association of increasing concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-18, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), adiponectin, and leptin with cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or fatal cardiovascular event) during a follow-up period of 8 years.

RESULTS
During follow-up, 161 subjects with diabetes experienced a primary cardiovascular event. Proinflammatory markers were not associated with a higher risk for primary cardiovascular events in the total study population after adjustment for multiple confounders. However, IL-6 and MIF were associated with cardiovascular events in subjects with renal dysfunction (HR for the comparison of top vs. bottom tertile 1.98 [95% CI 1.12–3.52], P [trend] = 0.10 for IL-6; 1.48 [0.87–2.51], P [trend] = 0.04 for MIF). Adiponectin levels were associated with cardiovascular events in the total population (1.48 [1.01–2.21], P [trend] = 0.03), and the association was even more pronounced in the subgroup with renal dysfunction (1.97 [1.08–3.57], P [trend] = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
In particular, the absence of an association between CRP and a U-shaped association of adiponectin levels with incident cardiovascular events show that associations between circulating immune mediators and cardiovascular risk differ between diabetic patients and subjects of the general population.
Glycation Gap Is Associated With Macroproteinuria but Not With Other Complications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cosson Emmanuel , Banu Isabela , Cussac-Pillegand Camille , Chen Qinda , Chiheb Sabrina , Jaber Yahya , Nguyen Minh Tuan , Charnaux Nathalie , Valensi Paul 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether glycation gap (G-Gap), an index of intracellular glycation of proteins, was associated with diabetes complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured concomitantly HbA1c and fructosamine in 925 patients with type 2 diabetes to calculate the G-Gap, defined as the difference between measured HbA1c, and fructosamine-based predicted HbA1c. Patients were explored for retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, cardiac autonomic neuropathy (n = 512), and silent myocardial ischemia (n = 506).

RESULTS
Macroproteinuria was the only complication that was associated with G-Gap (prevalence in the first, second, and third tertile of G-Gap: 2.9, 6.2, and 11.0%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). The G-Gap was higher in patients with macroproteinuria than in those without (1.06 ± 1.62 vs. 0.03 ± 1.30%; P &lt; 0.0001). Because HbA1c was associated with both G-Gap (HbA1c 7.0 ± 1.4, 7.9 ± 1.4, and 10.1 ± 1.8% in the first, second, and third G-Gap tertile, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001) and macroproteinuria (HbA1c 8.8 ± 2.2% if macroproteinuria, 8.3 ± 2.0% if none; P &lt; 0.05), and because it could have been a confounder, we matched 54 patients with macroproteinuria and 200 patients without for HbA1c. Because macroproteinuria was associated with lower serum albumin and fructosamine levels, which might account for higher G-Gap, we calculated in this subpopulation albumin-indexed fructosamine and G-Gap; macroproteinuria was independently associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.2 [95% CI 1.5–6.7]; P &lt; 0.01), hypertension (2.9 [1.1–7.5]; P &lt; 0.05), and the third tertile of albumin-indexed G-Gap (2.3 [1.1–4.4]; P &lt; 0.05) in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
In type 2 diabetic patients, G-Gap was associated with macroproteinuria, independently of HbA1c, albumin levels, and confounding factors, suggesting a specific role of intracellular glycation susceptibility on kidney glomerular changes.
Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein and Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Panduru Nicolae M. , Forsblom Carol , Saraheimo Markku , Thorn Lena , Bierhaus Angelika , Humpert Per M. , Groop Per-Henrik ,   on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has mainly been considered a glomerular disease, although tubular dysfunction may also play a role. This study assessed the predictive value for progression of a tubular marker, urinary liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP), at all stages of DN.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
At baseline, 1,549 patients with type 1 diabetes had an albumin excretion rate (AER) within normal reference ranges, 334 had microalbuminuria, and 363 had macroalbuminuria. Patients were monitored for a median of 5.8 years (95% CI 5.7–5.9). In addition, 208 nondiabetic subjects were studied. L-FABP was measured by ELISA and normalized with urinary creatinine. Different Cox proportional hazard models for the progression at every stage of DN were used to evaluate the predictive value of L-FABP. The potential benefit of using L-FABP alone or together with AER was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.

RESULTS
L-FABP was an independent predictor of progression at all stages of DN. As would be expected, receiver operating characteristic curves for the prediction of progression were significantly larger for AER than for L-FABP, except for patients with baseline macroalbuminuria, in whom the areas were similar. Adding L-FABP to AER in the models did not significantly improve risk prediction of progression in favor of the combination of L-FABP plus AER compared with AER alone.

CONCLUSIONS
L-FABP is an independent predictor of progression of DN irrespective of disease stage. L-FABP used alone or together with AER may not improve the risk prediction of DN progression in patients with type 1 diabetes, but further studies are needed in this regard.
Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Risk of New-Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Zelle Dorien M. , Corpeleijn Eva , Deinum Jolijn , Stolk Ronald P. , Gans Rijk O.B. , Navis Gerjan , Bakker Stephan J.L. 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVEChronic exposure to calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids poses renal transplant recipients (RTR) at high risk for development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction may be crucial to the pathophysiology of NODAT and specific markers for β-cell dysfunction may have additive value for predicting NODAT in this population. Therefore, we prospectively investigated whether proinsulin, as a marker of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, is associated with future development of NODAT and improves prediction of it.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAll RTR between 2001 and 2003 with a functioning graft for ≥1 year were considered eligible for inclusion, except for subjects with diabetes at baseline who were excluded. We recorded incidence of NODAT until April 2012.RESULTSA total of 487 RTR (age 50 ± 12 years, 55% men) participated at a median time of 6.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.6–11.5) years after transplantation. Median fasting proinsulin levels were 16.6 (IQR, 11.0–24.2) pmol/L. During median follow-up for 10.1 (IQR, 9.1–10.4) years, 42 (35%) RTR had development of NODAT in the highest quartile of the distribution of proinsulin versus 34 (9%) in the lowest three quartiles (P &lt; 0.001). In Cox regression analyses, proinsulin (hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.85–2.83; P &lt; 0.001) was strongly associated with NODAT development. This was independent of age, sex, calcineurine inhibitors, prednisolone use, components of the metabolic syndrome, or homeostasis model assessment.CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, fasting proinsulin is strongly associated with NODAT development in RTR. Our results highlight the role of β-cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of NODAT and indicate the potential value of proinsulin for identification of RTR at increased risk for NODAT.
Prepregnancy Dietary Protein Intake, Major Dietary Protein Sources, and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bao Wei , Bowers Katherine , Tobias Deirdre K. , Hu Frank B. , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE
Dietary protein is an important modulator of glucose metabolism. However, studies regarding the association between dietary protein intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk are sparse. This study was to examine the association.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Our study included 21,457 singleton pregnancies reported among 15,294 participants of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort between 1991 and 2001. Included pregnancies were free of chronic diseases before pregnancy or previous GDM. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS
After adjustment for age, parity, nondietary and dietary factors, and BMI, multivariable RRs (95% CIs) comparing the highest with lowest quintiles were 1.49 (1.03–2.17) for animal protein intake and 0.69 (0.50–0.97) for vegetable protein intake. The substitution of 5% energy from vegetable protein for animal protein was associated with a 51% lower risk of GDM (RR [95% CI], 0.49 [0.29–0.84]). For major dietary protein sources, multivariable RRs (95% CIs) comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles were 2.05 (1.55–2.73) for total red meat and 0.73 (0.56–0.95) for nuts, respectively. The substitution of red meat with poultry, fish, nuts, or legumes showed a significantly lower risk of GDM.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher intake of animal protein, in particular red meat, was significantly associated with a greater risk of GDM. By contrast, higher intake of vegetable protein, specifically nuts, was associated with a significantly lower risk. Substitution of vegetable protein for animal protein, as well as substitution of some healthy protein sources for red meat, was associated with a lower risk of GDM.
A molecular phylogeny of the vataireoid legumes underscores floral evolvability that is general to many early‐branching papilionoid lineages
Authors: Cardoso Domingos , Paganucci de Queiroz Luciano , Cavalcante de Lima Haroldo , Suganuma Elisa , van den Berg Cássio , Lavin Matt 
Published: February 2013

• Premise of study: Flowering traits can sometimes be overemphasized in taxonomic classifications. The fused and completely differentiated papilionate floral organs in the neotropical legume trees Vatairea and Vataireopsis were traditionally used in part to ascribe these genera to the tribe Dalbergieae. In contrast, the free and mostly undifferentiated floral parts of Luetzelburgia and Sweetia fit the circumscription of the “primitive” Sophoreae. Such divergent floral morphologies thought to divide deep phylogenetic lineages indeed may be prone to episodic transformation among close papilionoid relatives.• Methods: We sampled 26 of 27 known species of Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea, and Vataireopsis in parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8S and six plastid (matK, 3′‐trnK, psbA‐trnH, trnL intron, rps16 intron, and trnD‐T) DNA sequence loci.• Key results: The analyses of individual and combined data sets strongly resolved the monophyly of each of Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea, and Vataireopsis. Vataireopsis was resolved as sister to the rest and the morphologically divergent Luetzelburgia and Vatairea were strongly resolved as sister clades. Floral morphology was generally not a good predictor of phylogenetic relatedness.• Conclusions: Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea, and Vataireopsis are unequivocally resolved as the “vataireoid” clade. Fruit and vegetative traits are found to be more phylogenetically conserved than many floral traits. This explains why the identity of the vataireoids has been overlooked or confused. The evolvability of floral traits may also be a general condition among many of the early‐branching papilionoid lineages.
Asymmetric morphogenetic cues along the transverse plane: Shift from disymmetry to zygomorphy in the flower of Fumarioideae
Authors: Damerval Catherine , Citerne Hélène , Le Guilloux Martine , Domenichini Séverine , Dutheil Justine , Ronse de Craene Louis , Nadot Sophie 
Published: February 2013

• Premise of the Study: Zygomorphy has evolved multiple times in angiosperms. Near‐actinomorphy is the ancestral state in the early diverging eudicot family Papaveraceae. Zygomorphy evolved once in the subfamily Fumarioideae from a disymmetric state. Unusual within angiosperms, zygomorphy takes place along the transverse plane of the flower.• Methods: We investigated floral development to understand the developmental bases of the evolution of floral symmetry in Papaveraceae. We then assessed the expression of candidate genes for the key developmental events responsible for the shift from disymmetry to transverse zygomorphy, namely CrabsClaw for nectary formation (PapCRC), ShootMeristemless (PapSTL) for spur formation, and Cycloidea (PapCYL) for growth control.• Key Results: We found that an early disymmetric groundplan is common to all species studied, and that actinomorphy was acquired after sepal initiation in Papaveroideae. The shift from disymmetry to zygomorphy in Fumarioideae was associated with early asymmetric growth of stamen filaments, followed by asymmetric development of nectary outgrowth and spur along the transverse plane. Patterns of PapSTL expression could not be clearly related to spur formation. PapCRC and PapCYL genes were expressed in the nectary outgrowths, with a pattern of expression correlated with asymmetric nectary development in the zygomorphic species. Additionally, PapCYL genes were found asymmetrically expressed along the transverse plane in the basal region of outer petals in the zygomorphic species.• Conclusion: Genes of PapCRC and PapCYL families could be direct or indirect targets of the initial transversally asymmetric cue responsible for the shift from disymmetry to zygomorphy in Fumarioideae.
Does Body Fat Mass Define Survival in Patients Starting Peritoneal Dialysis?
Authors: Choi Soo Jeong , Kim Eun Jung , Park Moo Yong , Kim Jin Kuk , Hwang Seung Duk 
Published: February 2013

Background and Aims Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is characterized by a gain in fat mass. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat is associated with metabolic syndrome and survival. We prospectively examined whether visceral or subcutaneous fat could predict outcome in patients undergoing PD. Methods We studied 117 new patients (57 men) undergoing PD between February 2006 and November 2011. Baseline body composition was measured on computed tomograms. Visceral obesity was defined as a visceral fat area exceeding 100 cm2, and subcutaneous obesity, as a subcutaneous fat area exceeding 130 cm2. Results Among the 117 patients, 37 and 29 were diagnosed with visceral and subcutaneous obesity respectively. Visceral and subcutaneous obesity were both present in 21 patients. In the study population, the 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 94% and 59%. The rates of peritonitis and exit-infection were 0.31 and 0.14 episodes per patient–year. Mortality was greater in patients with visceral obesity than in those without visceral obesity ( p = 0.005). Visceral obesity had no influence on peritonitis and exit-infection rates. Subcutaneous obesity was associated neither with survival nor with peritonitis or exit-site infection. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, visceral obesity was not a risk factor for poor outcome. Conclusions Increased visceral fat at PD initiation is not an independent predictor of poor survival. Any impact of visceral or subcutaneous fat mass on outcomes in patients undergoing PD would be better defined by larger, long-term studies.
Threefold Peritoneal Test of Osmotic Conductance, Ultrafiltration Efficiency, and Fluid Absorption
Authors: Waniewski Jacek , Paniagua Ramón , Stachowska–Pietka Joanna , Ventura María-de-Jesús , Ávila–Díaz Marcela , Prado–Uribe Carmen , Mora Carmen , García–López Elvia , Lindholm Bengt 
Published: February 2013

Background Fluid removal during peritoneal dialysis depends on modifiable factors such as tonicity of dialysis fluids and intrinsic characteristics of the peritoneal transport barrier and the osmotic agent—for example, osmotic conductance, ultrafiltration efficiency, and peritoneal fluid absorption. The latter parameters cannot be derived from tests of the small-solute transport rate. We here propose a simple test that may provide information about those parameters. Methods Volumes and glucose concentrations of drained dialysate obtained with 3 different combinations of glucose-based dialysis fluid (3 exchanges of 1.36% glucose during the day and 1 overnight exchange of either 1.36%, 2.27%, or 3.86% glucose) were measured in 83 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Linear regression analyses of daily net ultrafiltration in relation to the average dialysate-to-plasma concentration gradient of glucose allowed for an estimation of the osmotic conductance of glucose and the peritoneal fluid absorption rate, and net ultrafiltration in relation to glucose absorption allowed for an estimation of the ultrafiltration effectiveness of glucose. Results The osmotic conductance of glucose was 0.067 ± 0.042 (milliliters per minute divided by millimoles per milliliter), the ultrafiltration effectiveness of glucose was 16.77 ± 7.97 mL/g of absorbed glucose, and the peritoneal fluid absorption rate was 0.94 ± 0.97 mL/min (if estimated concomitantly with osmotic conductance) or 0.93 ± 0.75 mL/min (if estimated concomitantly with ultrafiltration effectiveness). These fluid transport parameters were independent of small-solute transport characteristics, but proportional to total body water estimated by bioimpedance. Conclusions By varying the glucose concentration in 1 of 4 daily exchanges, osmotic conductance, ultrafiltration efficiency, and peritoneal fluid absorption could be estimated in CAPD patients, yielding transport parameter values that were similar to those obtained by other, more sophisticated, methods.
Utility of Antiphosphatidylserine/Prothrombin and IgA Antiphospholipid Assays in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: AKHTER EHTISHAM , SHUMS ZAKERA , NORMAN GARY L. , BINDER WALTER , FANG HONG , PETRI MICHELLE 
Published: February 2013

Objective.Currently, 3 antiphospholipid assays are widely used clinically [lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-ß2-glycoprotein I (anti-ß2-GPI)]. LAC is the most specific assay, conferring the highest risk of thrombosis and pregnancy loss, but it cannot be validly performed in an anticoagulated patient. We investigated the usefulness of antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (anti-PS/PT) and its association with thrombosis. Anti-PS/PT is strongly associated with the presence of LAC. We also studied the association of IgA antiphospholipid isotypes and specific domains of ß2-GPI with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Stored samples from patients with SLE, with and without past thrombosis, were assayed for antibodies to the whole ß2-GPI protein (IgG/IgM/IgA), to ß2-GPI domain 1 (IgG), to ß2-GPI domain 4/5 (IgA), aCL (IgG/IgM/IgA), and anti-PS/PT (IgG, IgM, and IgG/M). LAC was detected using the dilute Russell’s viper venom time (dRVVT) with confirmatory testing.Results.Anti-PS/PT IgG and IgG/M and anti-ß2-GPI IgG, IgM, and IgA were highly associated with a history of LAC by dRVVT (p < 0.0001). For all thrombosis, of the traditional ELISA assays, anti-ß2-GPI IgA, IgG, and aCL IgA were most associated. Anti-PS/PT IgG and IgG/M had a similar magnitude of association to the traditional ELISA. For venous thrombosis, of the traditional ELISA, anti-ß2-GPI (IgG and IgA), anti-PS/PT (IgG and IgG/M), and aCL IgA were associated. Again, anti-PS/PT (IgG and IgG/M) had the same magnitude of association as the traditional ELISA. For stroke, significant association was seen with anti-ß2-GPI IgA D4/5.Conclusion.In anticoagulated patients, where LAC testing is not valid, anti-PS/PT, either IgG or IgG/IgM, might serve as useful alternative tests to predict a higher risk of thrombosis. Anti-PS/PT antibodies were associated with all thrombosis and with venous thrombosis. IgA isotypes in secondary antiphospholipid syndrome are associated with thrombosis. Anti-ß2-glycoprotein domain 1 was not shown to be associated with thrombosis in SLE.