bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race, Ethnic, and Gender Divides in Juvenile Court Sanctioning and Rehabilitative Intervention
Authors: Cochran Joshua C. , Mears Daniel P. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Drawing on focal concerns theory, as well as scholarship on the juvenile court’s mandate to consider youth culpability and amenability to treatment, we develop hypotheses that seek to examine whether the court will (1) punish Whites less severely and (2) be more likely to intervene with Whites through rehabilitative intervention and, simultaneously, be more punitive and less rehabilitative with minorities, and, in particular, Black males. Method: Florida juvenile court referral data and multinomial logistic regression analyses are used to examine multicategory disposition and “subdisposition” measures. Results: Findings suggest that minority youth, especially Black males, are not only more likely to receive punitive sanctions, they also are less likely than White youth to receive rehabilitative interventions and instead experience significantly higher rates of dismissals. The analyses indicate that similar racial and ethnic disparities emerge when “subdispositions”—specifically, placement options within diversion and probation—are examined. Conclusions: The results underscore the salience of race, ethnicity, and gender in juvenile court decisions about punitive sanctioning and rehabilitative intervention, as well as the importance of employing multicategory disposition measures that better reflect the range of sanctioning and intervention options available to the court.
Handling postpartum haemorrhage- obstetrics between tradition and modernity in post-war Sierra Leone
Authors: Bräuer Miriam Dorothea , Antón Jorge , George Peter Matthew , Kuntner Liselotte , Wacker Jürgen 
Published: December 2014

Objectives How traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in post-war Sierra Leone explain, handle and prevent postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and their potential role in a better management of PPH to reduce maternal mortality in this low resource setting. Methods Semi-quantitative interviews about knowledge and measures in PPH and participant observation with 140 Sierra Leonean birth attendants, divided in three groups: (A) TBAs who never attended any official training course ( n = 82); (B) TBAs who attended at least one official training course ( n = 48); and (C) officially trained birth attendants ( n = 10). Results There are several observable gaps in the knowledge of TBAs about PPH compared to modern obstetrics, however similar procedures exist. Herbal medicine is applied; metaphysical convictions about PPH remain present. Training courses show an impact. Officially trained birth attendants demonstrate knowledge deficiencies and lack resources and infrastructure to manage PPH adequately. Conclusions Morbidity and mortality of PPH in Sierra Leone is related to several factors and not solely to the ignorance of TBAs. TBAs still play an important role for many women there. Hence improvement of the formal health sector should be combined with life-saving programmes integrating TBAs in the care for the pregnant, delivering and breastfeeding mothers.
Relationship between obesity and sex, and prevalence of asthma-like disease and current wheeze in Han children in Nanjing, China
Authors: Yao Jin , Zhou Yao , Wang Juan , Wu Hongmei , Liu Hongxia , Shi Yu , Lei Qihong , Xia Wen , Ji Chunzhen , Ye Xinmin , Han Qing , Liang Hui , Liu Feng , Zhao Deyu 
Published: December 2014

Objective To investigate the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and sex, and asthma-like disease and current wheeze in Han children in Nanjing, China. Methods Han children aged 3–14 years were recruited. Height and weight were measured; individuals were classified into obesity, thinness and normal-weight groups on the basis of the calculated BMI. Questionnaires were used to measure prevalence of asthma-like disease and current wheeze. Results were evaluated using the χ2-test, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results In total 12 092 children (6 331 boys and 5 761 girls) were included. Rates of normal weight, obesity and thinness were 8915/12 092 (73.73%), 1479/12 092 (12.23%) and 1698/12 092 (14.04%), respectively. Asthma-like disease and current wheeze were reported in 2051/12 092 (16.96%) and 400/12 092 (3.31%), respectively. An increased BMI was associated with a greater risk of asthma-like disease; this relationship was strongest in girls. Current wheeze was associated positively with obesity and negatively with thinness, but only among boys. Boys had a greater risk of asthma-like disease and current wheeze than girls. Conclusions BMI and sex were associated independently with the prevalence of asthma-like disease and current wheeze in Han Chinese children.
Development of key indicators of hospital resilience: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Zhong Shuang , Clark Michele , Hou Xiang-Yu , Zang Yuli , FitzGerald Gerard 
Published: December 2014

Objectives Hospital resilience is an emerging concept, which can be defined as ‘a hospital’s ability to resist, absorb, and respond to the shock of disasters while maintaining its critical health care functions, and then recover to its original state or adapt to a new one’. Our aim was to develop a comprehensive framework of key indicators of hospital resilience. Methods A panel of 33 Chinese experts was invited to participate in a three-round, modified Delphi study to develop a set of potential measures previously derived from a literature review. In the first round, these potential measures were modified to cover the comprehensive domains of hospital resilience. The importance of proposed measures was scored by experts on a five-point Likert scale. Subsequently, the experts reconsidered their voting in light of the previous aggregated results. Agreement on measures was defined as at least 70% of the responders agreeing or strongly agreeing to the inclusion of a measure. Results A large proportion of preliminary measures (89.5%) were identified as having good potential for assessing hospital resilience. These measures were categorized into eight domains, 17 subdomains, and 43 indicators. The highest rated indicators (mean score) were: equipment for on-site rescue (4.7), plan initiation (4.6), equipment for referral of patients with complex care needs (4.5), the plan execution (4.4), medication management strategies (4.4), emergency medical treatment conditions (4.4), disaster committee (4.4), stock types and quantities for essential medications (4.4), surge capacity of emergency beds (4.4), and mass-casualty triage protocols (4.4). Conclusions This framework identifies a comprehensive set of indicators of hospital resilience. It can be used for hospital assessment, as well as informing priority practices to address future disasters better.
How I treat classical Hodgkin lymphoma in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Uldrick Thomas S. , Little Richard F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHIV-associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HIV-cHL) is an important complication of HIV disease in the era of effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Generally, newly diagnosed HIV-cHL should be managed with curative intent. With modern HIV therapeutics, HIV-cHL treatment outcomes are largely comparable to those of the background population with cHL (non–HIV-cHL). To achieve these outcomes, particular attention must be given to managing HIV. This management includes understanding HIV as a comorbid condition with a spectrum of impact that is unique to each patient. Meticulous attention to drug-drug interactions is required to avoid toxicity and pharmacokinetic effects that can undermine cure. Relapsed and refractory HIV-cHL poses additional therapeutic challenges. The standard management in this setting should also be based on that for non–HIV-cHL, and includes the use of salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant in chemosensitive disease. The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is less clear but may be useful in select cases. Newer agents with activity in cHL are being tested as part of primary and salvage therapy and are also highly relevant for HIV-cHL.
Shared data for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) optimization research: the CORT dataset
Authors: Craft David , Bangert Mark , Long Troy , Papp Dávid , Unkelbach Jan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background:
We provide common datasets (which we call the CORT dataset: common optimization for radiation therapy) that researchers can use when developing and contrasting radiation treatment planning optimization algorithms. The datasets allow researchers to make one-to-one comparisons of algorithms in order to solve various instances of the radiation therapy treatment planning problem in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), including beam angle optimization, volumetric modulated arc therapy and direct aperture optimization.

Results:
We provide datasets for a prostate case, a liver case, a head and neck case, and a standard IMRT phantom. We provide the dose-influence matrix from a variety of beam/couch angle pairs for each dataset. The dose-influence matrix is the main entity needed to perform optimizations: it contains the dose to each patient voxel from each pencil beam. In addition, the original Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) computed tomography (CT) scan, as well as the DICOM structure file, are provided for each case.

Conclusions:
Here we present an open dataset – the first of its kind – to the radiation oncology community, which will allow researchers to compare methods for optimizing radiation dose delivery.
Small Molecule Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Composed of Two Discrete Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Takemoto Keisuke , Kimura Mutsumi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Small molecule bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells were fabricated using two disk-shaped organic semiconductors. Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PDI) derivatives were used as a non-fullerene electron-acceptor component for the BHJ solar cells. The attachment of thiophene units with the PDI core enhanced the solar cell performance.
Synthesis of Benzimidazolo[2,3-b]quinazolinone Derivatives via a One-pot Multicomponent Reaction Promoted by a Chitosan-based Composite Magnetic Nanocatalyst
Authors: Maleki Ali , Aghaei Morteza , Ghamari Nakisa 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A practical and green approach for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of tetraheterocyclic benzimidazolo[2,3-b]quinazolinones has been described via the condensation of 2-aminobenzimidazole or 2-aminobenzothiazole, dimedone, and various aldehydes using Fe3O4@chitosan as an environmentally benign and reusable nanocomposite catalyst in good to excellent yields.
Structure and Subject of �Foreign Language� Course of FSES SPE of the Third Generation on the Example of �Information Systems� Program
Authors: �����������  , Vassilchenko Nina 
Published: December 2014

The article specifies the concept of the content &#34;Foreign language&#34; coursedescribes its optimal structure and provides a detailed analysis of requirements
to academic results of the general professional educational program according to new Federal state educational standards of secondary professional
education. Development of the content for &#34;Foreign language&#34; course is exampled on the 230401 &#34;Information systems&#34; program and developedon the
basis of the principles and selection criteria of the content of education, particularly international experience framework. Results of the research experimental
inspection carried out in the First Moscow Educational complex of &#34;Information systems&#34; program serve as confirmation for author�s conclusions.
Achievements of the second year trainees are displayed by the comparative histogram.
Monitoring Students&#180; Knowledge of Mathematics in the Siberian Branch of Ranepa
Authors: �������  , Kolyman Elena , ���������  , Rapotsevich Evgeniy 
Published: December 2014

This paper considers theconcept of qualityeducationand modern ways ofitsdiagnosis,such asthe Unified State Examination (GPA) and the FederalInternet-
based Exam in vocational education.
The dynamics of the GPA on mathematics in Russia and Novosibirsk Region during last two years are analyzedin order to estimate the effectiveness of
using GPA as a knowledge quality indicator.The paper delivers results of assessment of residual school mathematical knowledge based on the entrance
test results among incoming first-year students (specialties: Public and Municipal Administration, Human Resource Management) of Siberian Branch of
the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Siberian Branch of RANEPA).
Empirical material of the main sections of school Mathematics is provided and the correlation between the entrance test results and the results of the
Unified State Examination is assessed. The conclusion is drawn that the results of the Unified State Examination arenot objective indicators of the incoming
first-year students� knowledge of Maths.
It is shownthat the FederalInternet-based Examin vocational educationhasa number of disadvantages, removal of whichwill affect itsobjectivity. The
authors discussandanalyze the results ofthe FederalInternet-based Exam on Mathematics of studentsof Siberian Branch of the Russian Presidential
Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Siberian Branch of RANEPA).
The hypothesis regarding possible reasons of current situation is put forward and steps to be taken for improving student assimilation of Mathematics
and Natural Science of Bachelor�s Degree programs are described.
Management of open lower limb injuries in South West England and Wales
Authors: Yarrow J , Rahman S , Marsden N , Pallister I , Hemington-Gorse S 
Published: December 2014

Introduction The joint British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons/British Orthopaedic Association standards define best practice management in open diaphyseal fractures of the lower limb. The aim of our study was to review the regional approach and experience in South West England and Wales. A further objective was to evaluate service provision with regard to the standards’ key recommendations. Methods A prospective audit was undertaken of open diaphyseal fracture patients. Compliance with published standards within all orthoplastic services in South West England and Wales was assessed, and facilities were evaluated. Results A total of 86 patients were managed between October 2012 and March 2013. This was a 56% increase from 2008. Over half (56%) presented directly to the orthoplastic services with all patients undergoing debridement within 24 hours. Two-thirds (66%) of procedures were in daylight hours excluding those requiring immediate surgical intervention. Adherence to correct antibiotic therapy was 88% at admission, 50% at primary surgery and 62% at definitive surgery. Almost two-thirds (60%) of primary procedures were performed with combined senior orthoplastic teams, with 81% achieving definitive soft tissue coverage and fixation within seven days. Compliance improved in units with larger patient caseloads and where there was an early combined approach during daylight hours. Conclusions Increased open lower limb fracture workload was demonstrated across South West England and Wales, probably owing to centralisation of trauma services. An improvement in early transfer of this patient group to orthoplastic facilities has allowed all patients to be assessed and debrided within the recommended timeframe. Standards were most likely to be met in those centres seeing higher numbers of injuries and when there was a daylight hours procedure by combined orthoplastic teams.
Newborn Blood Spot Screening Test Using Multiplexed Real-Time PCR to Simultaneously Screen for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Taylor Jennifer L , Lee Francis K , Yazdanpanah Golriz Khadem , Staropoli John F , Liu Mei , Carulli John P , Sun Chao , Dobrowolski Steven F , Hannon W Harry , Vogt Robert F 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disorder caused by the absence of a functional survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric (SMN1) gene. Type I SMA, a lethal disease of infancy, accounts for the majority of cases. Newborn blood spot screening (NBS) to detect severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has been implemented in public health laboratories in the last 5 years. SCID detection is based on real-time PCR assays to measure T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC), a byproduct of T-cell development. We modified a multiplexed real-time PCR TREC assay to simultaneously determine the presence or absence of the SMN1 gene from a dried blood spot (DBS) punch in a single reaction well.

METHOD
An SMN1 assay using a locked nucleic acid probe was initially developed with cell culture and umbilical cord blood (UCB) DNA extracts, and then integrated into the TREC assay. DBS punches were placed in 96-well arrays, washed, and amplified directly using reagents specific for TREC, a reference gene [ribonuclease P/MRP 30kDa subunit (RPP30)], and the SMN1 gene. The assay was tested on DBS made from UCB units and from peripheral blood samples of SMA-affected individuals and their family members.

RESULTS
DBS made from SMA-affected individuals showed no SMN1-specific amplification, whereas DBS made from all unaffected carriers and UCB showed SMN1 amplification above a well-defined threshold. TREC and RPP30 content in all DBS were within the age-adjusted expected range.

CONCLUSIONS
SMA caused by the absence of SMN1 can be detected from the same DBS punch used to screen newborns for SCID.
Zebra: A document intersecting the photographic and choreographic
Authors: Peacock Allison 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This photo essay documents the research and production of the performance Zebra, while avoiding a strict replication of the performance. This photo collection is an independent artwork, reflecting on the potential for image-based work to simultaneously represent encounters in performance and artistic research. The essay operates in the choreographic style of the performance, suggesting a connection between visual patterns and the selection of a lineage of events. The repetition, replication, and representation of a sunset is key, as it uses the photographic medium to connect the fleeting aspect of the performance with the occurrence of a sunset. The Zebra’s appearance is mediated through digital technology, a metaphor for choreographic camouflage.
Benchmarking by HbA1c in a national diabetes quality register – does measurement bias matter?
Authors: Carlsen Siri , Thue Geir , Cooper John Graham , Røraas Thomas , Gøransson Lasse Gunnar , Løvaas Karianne , Sandberg Sverre 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBias in HbAUsing data from 2012 from the Norwegian Diabetes Register for Adults, we included HbACompared with the uncorrected yearly median HbAFor most participants in our study, correcting for measurement bias had little effect on the yearly median HbA
Synthesis of lignin polyols via oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate
Authors: Kühnel Isabell , Podschun Jacob , Saake Bodo , Lehnen Ralph 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
An efficient, nontoxic, and solvent-free oxyalkylation of European beech wood organosolv lignin (OL) has been developed. Two approaches were studied: a direct reaction of lignin with propylene carbonate (PC) and a two-step reaction of lignin with maleic anhydride (MA) followed by oxyalkylation with PC. The structural analysis of lignin polyols was performed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that PC was able to almost completely oxypropylate aliphatic and phenolic OH groups. Moreover, the carboxylic acid groups of maleated OL were fully oxypropylated by PC. This modification strongly facilitates the generation of a uniform lignin polyol applicable as a biobased component in polyurethanes and polyesters based on cyclic organic carbonates.
Comparison of ZnO nanorod array coatings on wood and their UV prevention effects obtained by microwave-assisted hydrothermal and conventional hydrothermal synthesis
Authors: Fu Yanchun , Fu Wansi , Liu Yongzhuang , Zhang Guozheng , Liu Yixing , Yu Haipeng 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
ZnO nanorod array coatings were successfully synthesized on wood surfaces using a conventional hydrothermal (CHT) and a microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MWHT) method. The reaction time of the MWHT method at high temperature was only 1/12th that of the CHT method. The MWHT-ZnO nanorods exhibited better crystallinity than those produced by the CHT method. The ZnO nanorod had a wurtzite crystal structure oriented along the c-axis. The MWHT nanorods with their higher (002)/(101) ratio were more conducive and improved the orientation degree of the ZnO nanorods. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed that the MWHT-ZnO nanorods had smaller diameters and narrower size distributions than those produced by the CHT method. However, both methods formed well-aligned array coatings that covered the wood surfaces, and the two coatings had similar UV protecting effects and inhibited discoloration.
Early screening of FTO and MC4R variants in newborns of Greek origin
Authors: Molou Elina , Schulpis Kleopatra H. , Birbilis Christos , Thodi Georgia , Georgiou Vassiliki , Dotsikas Yannis , Loukas Yannis L. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background: Variants of fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) and melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R) are related to obesity, overweight and type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: To examine the presence of FTO and MC4R variants in Greek newborns.

Subjects and methods: A total 1530 newborns of Greek origin were subjected to genetic testing for rs9939609 (FTO) and for rs17782313 (MC4R) variants using dried blood spot (DBS) analysis.

Results: Some 20.2% of newborns carried none of the tested variants. FTO homozygotes and FTO heterozygotes correspond to 18.0% and 45.9% of neonates, respectively. MC4R homozygotes and MC4R heterozygotes were identified in 6.7% and 36.3% of neonates, respectively. Of the infants, 2.2% carried both variants in homozygosity, whereas heterozygotes for both variants correspond to 16.7% of the tested neonates.

Conclusion: The results indicate high prevalence of homozygosity and heterozygosity for tested variants. Early screening via DBS may be beneficial in order to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
Correlation of cervical length, fetal fibronectin, phIGFBP-1, and cytokines in spontaneous preterm birth up to 14 days from sampling
Authors: Hadži-Lega Marija , Markova Ana Daneva , Stefanovic Milan , Tanturovski Mile 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sonographic cervical length, fetal fibronectin (fFN), phIGFBP-1 (actim partus test), cytokines (IL-6, IL-2R, and TNF-α), and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) up to 14 days from sampling.Fifty-eight patients were recruited in a period of 6 months from September 2013 until March 2014 with symptoms or complaints suggestive of preterm labor. Consenting women were treated according to usual hospital protocol, with addition of vaginal swabs taken for fetal fibronectin, phIGFBP-1 (actim partus test) and cervical IL6, IL2R, and TNF-α. The outcome variable was occurrence of preterm delivery within 14 days from the day of hospital admission.Thirty-six patients (62.07%) were delivered within 14 days from admission. Our results indicated that the cervical length significantly inversely correlates with the concentration of IL-6 in the CVF (Spearman’s coefficient R=–0.382, P<0.05). Cervical length also correlated with a positive phIGFBP-1 test, i.e., patients with a positive test had an average cervical length of 18.5±4.63 mm, which is significantly lower than patients with a negative test –23.43±7.39 mm (P=0.003).The studied biochemical markers were only moderately successful in the prediction of preterm delivery.