bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversational and generative artificial intelligence and human–chatbot interaction in education and research
Authors: Akpan Ikpe Justice , Kobara Yawo M. , Owolabi Josiah , Akpan Asuama A. , Offodile Onyebuchi Felix 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) as a disruptive technology is not new. However, its recent evolution, engineered by technological transformation, big data analytics, and quantum computing, produces conversational and generative AI (CGAI/GenAI) and human‐like chatbots that disrupt conventional operations and methods in different fields. This study investigates the scientific landscape of CGAI and human–chatbot interaction/collaboration and evaluates use cases, benefits, challenges, and policy implications for multidisciplinary education and allied industry operations. The publications trend showed that just 4% (n = 75) occurred during 2006–2018, while 2019–2023 experienced astronomical growth (n = 1763 or 96%). The prominent use cases of CGAI (e.g., ChatGPT) for teaching, learning, and research activities occurred in computer science (multidisciplinary and AI; 32%), medical/healthcare (17%), engineering (7%), and business fields (6%). The intellectual structure shows strong collaboration among eminent multidisciplinary sources in business, information systems, and other areas. The thematic structure highlights prominent CGAI use cases, including improved user experience in human–computer interaction, computer programs/code generation, and systems creation. Widespread CGAI usefulness for teachers, researchers, and learners includes syllabi/course content generation, testing aids, and academic writing. The concerns about abuse and misuse (plagiarism, academic integrity, privacy violations) and issues about misinformation, danger of self‐diagnoses, and patient privacy in medical/healthcare applications are prominent. Formulating strategies and policies to address potential CGAI challenges in teaching/learning and practice are priorities. Developing discipline‐based automatic detection of GenAI contents to check abuse is proposed. In operational/operations research areas, proper CGAI/GenAI integration with modeling and decision support systems requires further studies.
An overview of benefits and risks of chronic melanocortin‐1 receptor activation
Authors: Böhm M. , Robert C. , Malhotra S. , Clément K. , Farooqi S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe melanocortin‐1 receptor (MC1R) is a G protein‐coupled receptor that plays a pivotal role in human skin pigmentation, melanin synthesis, redox homeostasis and inflammation. Loss‐of‐function MC1R variants suppress G protein‐coupled receptor coupling or cell surface expression leading to a decrease in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Chronic activation of MC1R can occur in certain medical conditions such as Addison's disease and physiologic states such as pregnancy melasma. MC1R activation is more commonly caused by environmental exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Approved pharmacologic melanocortin agonists that activate MC1R signalling in a targeted manner or as a bystander effect have recently become available for erythropoietic protoporphyria, sexual desire disorders, monogenic obesity and syndromic obesity. Further, small peptide analogues of α–melanocortin‐stimulating hormone, human MC1R selective agonists, are photoprotective, decreasing the adverse impact of UV radiation (a primary risk factor for skin cancer) and are being investigated as potential chemoprevention strategies. MC1R activation through induction of UV‐protective skin pigmentation increased DNA repair, and control of aberrant cell growth may reduce the risk of melanoma but importantly does not prevent melanoma particularly in individuals with risk factors and regular skin examination remains critical in high‐risk individuals.
Examination of Cross‐National and Gender Differences in Rumination and Its Association with Depression: A Cross‐Sectional Comparison Between Residents of the United Kingdom and Japan
Authors: Umegaki Yusuke , Yoshinaga Naoki , Kobori Osamu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRumination often leads to maladaptive consequences. Some studies report cross‐national disparities regarding the extent to which people ruminate, as well as its consequences. This study aimed to quantify the disparities in rumination between European (United Kingdom [UK]) and East Asian (Japan) countries, as well as compare its relation with depression. Gender differences were also examined. An online questionnaire survey targeting residents aged between 20 and 69 years was conducted in July 2022. Data from 3,551 participants (UK: N = 1,891, Japan: N = 1,660) were analyzed statistically using 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance and moderation analyses. Results showed a greater inclination towards rumination among UK residents, in comparison to those residing in Japan. The magnitude of rumination–‐depression association differed by country, with the association being more pronounced in the UK. Females displayed a higher inclination towards rumination in both the UK and Japan. In both countries, a robust association exists between rumination and concurrent depression. Implications of the findings and future directions are discussed.
Joint calibration to SPX and VIX options with signature‐based models
Authors: Cuchiero Christa , Gazzani Guido , Möller Janka , Svaluto‐Ferro Sara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider a stochastic volatility model where the dynamics of the volatility are described by a linear function of the (time extended) signature of a primary process which is supposed to be a polynomial diffusion. We obtain closed form expressions for the VIX squared, exploiting the fact that the truncated signature of a polynomial diffusion is again a polynomial diffusion. Adding to such a primary process the Brownian motion driving the stock price, allows then to express both the log‐price and the VIX squared as linear functions of the signature of the corresponding augmented process. This feature can then be efficiently used for pricing and calibration purposes. Indeed, as the signature samples can be easily precomputed, the calibration task can be split into an offline sampling and a standard optimization. We also propose a Fourier pricing approach for both VIX and SPX options exploiting that the signature of the augmented primary process is an infinite dimensional affine process. For both the SPX and VIX options we obtain highly accurate calibration results, showing that this model class allows to solve the joint calibration problem without adding jumps or rough volatility.
What Is Anti‐Colonial Global Social Theory?
Authors: Patel Sujata 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAnti‐colonial social theory is a set of ideas, assessments and practices of metatheoretical nature that have originated within anti‐colonial thought. As a methodology it theorises and interrogates the ideological within the empirical, the theoretical, and the ‘scientific unconscious’ of fields/disciplines. While criticising late 19th Euro‐American theories as universal set of propositions, it locates its limitations and presents ways to unravel the ideological‐political elements that structure thought and scholarship. It also presents ways through which new global theories may be conceptualised and researched. The paper engages, analyses, compares and assesses various methodological interventions made by anti‐colonial social theorists regarding colonialism, its origin and its continuities; its pasts and presents in distinct times and epochs and in its varied spatial geographies and suggests that these can become tools to define global social theory.
The sociolinguistics of mergers
Authors: Hickey Raymond 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the attested history and spread of English many mergers, conditioned and non‐conditioned, have taken place. Some of these involved consonants, such as the which≠witch merger, but the majority affected the vowels of the sound system, such as the horse≠hoarse merger. Many mergers at present are shared across a broad spectrum of varieties of English with conservative vernaculars retaining sound distinctions longest. A sociolinguistic interpretation of this situation would suggest that communities with strong internal bonds show an inherent resistance to mergers. In addition to these considerations, this chapter looks at mergers evident in second‐language forms of English and examines to what extent sizeable homophony can be compensated for by pragmatic context and discourse framework.
Language and identity in the Windrush generation
Authors: Wilson Guyanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how the Windrush generation uses phonological and morphosyntactic elements of Jamaican Creole (JamC), London Jamaican (LonJam) and standard British English (SBE) to do identity work in interviews broadcast as part of a celebration of the 75th anniversary of the arrival of HMT Empire Windrush. The data comprise oral history interviews with four members of the Windrush generation. The recordings were analysed using the method of lectal focussing in interaction. Results show variation across the four speakers, with some speakers using very few LonJam and SBE features, while others’ speech contains almost exclusively standard British variants. The use of JamC features clustered around topics such as home and family reunification, whereas LonJam features were especially present when interviewees talked about their youth. The study broadens the scope of world Englishes studies by including diasporic and elderly speakers and has important implications for the study of language and identity.
PENENTUAN KETINGGIAN KEGAGALAN TAMBAKAN CUBAAN MUAR
Authors: Kasim Fauziah , Marto Amlnaton , Yusof Mohd Zain , Marwah Mohd Khatta 
Published: July 2024

Penentuan ketinggian tambakan ketika gagal merupakan langkah yang perIudiambil perhatian ketika merekabentuk tambakan di atas tanah hat lembut. Didalam kertas kerja ini, perisian SLOPEIW telah digunakan dalam menganaIisiskestabilan tambakan di mana kaedah keseimbangan had umum (GLE) telah dipilihsebagai perbandingan terhadap kaedah konvensional lain sepertiFellenius, Bishopdan Janbu.Â Faktor lain yangÂ· di ambil kiraÂ didalam analisis iniÂ adalah teknik penentuan kekuatan ricih tak tersalir yang diguriakan dalam rnewakili keadaan tanah Hat asas. Kaedah keseimbangan had umum (GLE) telah menunjukkan keputusan yang amat baik dalam rneramal faktor keselamatan dan gelinciran pennukaan kegagalan. Perbandingan dengan ramalan-ramalan terdahulu juga dilakukan. Dua faktor utama yang perlu diambil kira dalam menganalisis kestabilan tambakan di bawah tanah Hatlembut ialah kesan pertambahan kekuatan di dalam tanah Hat lembut dan enapan permukaan asal tanah akibat proses pengukuhan yang berlakue , Kedua-dua faktor ini memberikan kesan yang besar terhadap faktor keselamatan dan juga ketebalan sebenar tambakan yang diramaI.
CONJUNCTURES OF DEMOCRACY EROSION
Authors: Delgado Lucas , Thornhill Chris 
Published: July 2024

The paper aims to examine and understand the recent developments in Brazilian democracy in a sociological perspective. It offers an analysis of the conjunctural preconditions for the recent rise of authoritarian populism, presenting ways in which Brazil can be viewed as paradigm of democratic erosion and/or resilience. The article describes the foundational premises that made the development of contemporary democracies possible, and it proceeds from this description to explain how features common to authoritarian populist movements in Brazil and elsewhere are detrimental to these premises. It is argued that democracies are likely to thrive when welfare provisions and access to human rights are open to increasing sectors of the population, generating an inclusionary citizenship effect. The political polarization regarding the Brazilian welfare system and the discourse against international human rights, culminated in the weakening of the Brazilian welfare net and setbacks in the recognition of human rights by courts. These processes preceded, and were aggravated by, the rise of authoritarian populism in Brazil, generating an exclusionary view of citizenship that tended to intensify social conflict, with increasing militarization at both governmental and social levels. Arguably, the absence of warfare or an imminent warfare threat in the most recent democratic transition in Brazil reduced the capacity of welfare and constitutional human rights provisions to limit the influence of the military on democracy. While the efforts to build up the welfare system and protect human rights are still ongoing, the militarization element remains latent, posing a constant threat to democratic consolidation in Brazil.
A Comprehensive Method for Computing Non-Linear Elastokinematic Properties of Passenger Car Suspension Systems: Double Wishbone Case Study
Authors: Magri Paolo , Gadola Marco , Chindamo Daniel , Sandrini Giulia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Suspension and steering design play a major role in ensuring the correct dynamic behavior of road vehicles. Passenger cars are especially demanding from this point of view: NVH and ride comfort requirements often collide with active safety-related requirements such as road holding in steady-state conditions and stability in transients. Driving pleasure is also important for market success, therefore accurate steering feedback and predictable handling properties are additional priorities. Since flexible bushings are used as interface between the suspension arms and the chassis, extra degrees-of-freedom make the design process a complex task. While the use of a multibody software is common practice in the industry, a dedicated computational tool can be more practical and straightforward, especially when undertaking the design of a new suspension concept ground-up. The paper presents a computational methodology for the design of an independent suspension with the associated kinematic and compliance attributes. Typical elastokinematic properties like toe, camber, wheelbase, and track variations versus tyre forces and moments can be computed by means of a dedicated software tool. A sort of validation was performed either by means of a comparison with a MathWorks Simscape® Multibody based model. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is given as an example. Computationally, the method proposed is intuitively based on the equilibrium equations. The nonlinear equations are then solved with Newton–Raphson algorithm. The method can be also optimized for computational efficiency and is thoroughly described so that the reader can easily replicate it in the desired programing environment.
Assessment of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics to support omadacycline dosing regimens for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections
Authors: Bhavnani Sujata M. , Hammel Jeffrey P. , Lakota Elizabeth A. , Liolios Kathryn , Trang Michael , Rubino Christopher M. , Steenbergen Judith N. , Friedrich Lawrence , Tzanis Evan , Ambrose Paul G. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships for efficacy were evaluated using data from omadacycline-treated patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) enrolled in two phase 3 studies. Patients received omadacycline 100 mg intravenously (IV) every 12 hours for two doses, followed by 100 mg IV every 24 hours (q24h), with the option to switch to 300 mg oral (PO) q24h after 3 days or 450 mg PO q24h for two doses, followed by 300 mg PO q24h for a total duration of 7–14 days. Clinical response was evaluated at 48–72 hours [early clinical response (ECR)], end of treatment (EOT), and 7–14 days after EOT. Using a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model and PK data from patients with
Staphylococcus aureus
at baseline, omadacycline free-drug plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values were determined, and the relationships between free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratio and dichotomous efficacy endpoints were evaluated. Using these relationships, the population PK model, simulation, and an omadacycline MIC distribution for
S. aureus
, mean percent probabilities of response were evaluated. Statistically significant PK-­PD relationships were identified for ECR (
P
= 0.016 and 0.013 for optimized two- and three-group free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratios, respectively). At an MIC value of 0.5 µg/mL, percent probabilities of model-predicted success for ECR based on the univariable PK-PD relationships using continuous and two-group free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratio variables were 91.9 and 95.6%, respectively, for the IV-to-PO dosing regimen and 89.3 and 88.4%, respectively, for the PO-only dosing regimen. These data support for omadacycline IV-to-PO and PO-only dosing regimens for ABSSSI and an omadacycline susceptibility breakpoint of 0.5 µg/mL for
S. aureus
.
A modular toolkit for environmental
Rhodococcus
,
Gordonia
, and
Nocardia
enables complex metabolic manipulation
Authors: Jansen Zachary , Alameri Abdulaziz , Wei Qiyao , Kulhanek Devon L. , Gilmour Andrew R. , Halper Sean , Schwalm Nathan D. , Thyer Ross 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Soil-dwelling Actinomycetes are a diverse and ubiquitous component of the global microbiome but largely lack genetic tools comparable to those available in model species such as
Escherichia coli
or
Pseudomonas putida
, posing a fundamental barrier to their characterization and utilization as hosts for biotechnology. To address this, we have developed a modular plasmid assembly framework, along with a series of genetic control elements for the previously genetically intractable Gram-positive environmental isolate
Rhodococcus ruber
C208, and demonstrate conserved functionality in 11 additional environmental isolates of
Rhodococcus
,
Nocardia
, and
Gordonia
. This toolkit encompasses five Mycobacteriale origins of replication, five broad-host-range antibiotic resistance markers, transcriptional and translational control elements, fluorescent reporters, a tetracycline-inducible system, and a counter-selectable marker. We use this toolkit to interrogate the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in
Rhodococcus erythropolis
N9T-4, a weakly carotenogenic environmental isolate and engineer higher pathway flux toward the keto-carotenoid canthaxanthin. This work establishes several new genetic tools for environmental Mycobacteriales and provides a synthetic biology framework to support the design of complex genetic circuits in these species.

IMPORTANCE

Soil-dwelling Actinomycetes, particularly the Mycobacteriales, include both diverse new hosts for sustainable biomanufacturing and emerging opportunistic pathogens.
Rhodococcus
,
Gordonia
, and
Nocardia
are three abundant genera with particularly flexible metabolisms and untapped potential for natural product discovery. Among these,
Rhodococcus ruber
C208 was shown to degrade polyethylene;
Gordonia paraffinivorans
can assimilate carbon from solid hydrocarbons; and
Nocardia neocaledoniensis
(and many other
Nocardia
spp.) possesses dual isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways. Many species accumulate high levels of carotenoid pigments, indicative of highly active isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways which may be harnessed for fermentation of terpenes and other commodity isoprenoids. Modular genetic toolkits have proven valuable for both fundamental and applied research in model organisms, but such tools are lacking for most Actinomycetes. Our suite of genetic tools and DNA assembly framework were developed for broad functionality and to facilitate rapid prototyping of genetic constructs in these organisms.
Environmental microbiology explains the largest positive carbon isotope excursion in Earth history, the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event
Authors: Prave A. R. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The geological record of stable carbon isotopes preserved in marine carbonate rocks spans nearly 4 billion years. Numerous perturbations mark this record, but one stands out for its magnitude, the Lomagundi-Jatuli Event, which spanned the transition of the Earth’s surface from an anoxic to an oxic state. An
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
article by D. Y. Sumner (90:e00093-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00093-24
) provides, for the first time, a biological explanation for its initiation, cessation, environmental specific restriction, and geological singularity.
Draft genome sequences of three poultry
Salmonella
Shamba isolates from South Africa
Authors: Karama Musafiri , Lawal Opeyemi U. , Parreira Valeria R. , Soni Mitra , Chen Yanhong , Cenci-Goga Beniamino T. , Grispoldi Luca , Greyling Janita , Goodridge Lawrence 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Nontyphoidal
Salmonella enterica
serovars are foodborne pathogens commonly transmitted through poultry products. Draft genome sequences of three
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Shamba isolates which were obtained from poultry house dust in South Africa are reported herein.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of an auxotrophic strain of the pathogenic yeast
Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Mutalová Sofia , Hodorová Viktória , Brázdovič Filip , Cillingová Andrea , Tomáška Ľubomír , Brejová Broňa , Nosek Jozef 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the genome sequence of the pathogenic yeast
Candida parapsilosis
strain SR23 (CBS 7157) used in a number of experimental studies. The nuclear genome assembly consists of eight chromosome-sized contigs with a total size of 13.04 Mbp (N50 2.09 Mbp) and a G+C content of 38.7%.
Complete coding sequence of
Rift Valley fever virus
identified by metagenomic sequencing in patient with undifferentiated febrile illness at Marigat sub-district hospital, Kenya
Authors: Lemtudo Allan , Kimita Gathii , Awinda George , Mutai Beth , Waitumbi John 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

We report on the complete coding sequence of
Rift Valley Fever Virus
inadvertently identified through metagenomics in a child with undifferentiated fever at Marigat sub-county hospital, Kenya. On phylogeny, the genome clustered with sequences obtained during the 2017 human outbreak in Uganda and the 2021 cattle outbreak in Kiambu, Kenya.
Complete genome sequence of
Edwardsiella tarda
strain GBS0709 isolated from a Japanese patient with the acute motor axonal neuropathy subtype of Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Imajoh Masayuki , Mori Masahiro , Shimizu Takeshi , Koizumi Yume , Kobayashi Yuma , Kawahara Miyu , Daibata Masanori 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Edwardsiella tarda
strain GBS0709, isolated from an 81-year-old Japanese patient with the acute motor axonal neuropathy subtype of Guillain–Barré syndrome, was determined. It comprised a 3,632,068 bp circular chromosome and a 5,386 bp plasmid. The overall guanine and cytosine content was 57.3%.
Draft genome sequences of an
Enterobacter hormaechei
and
Providencia rettgeri
isolated from the urine of a male experiencing a catheter-associated urinary tract infection
Authors: Appleberry Helen , Brady Michaela , Webster Samantha , Wolfe Alan J. , Putonti Catherine , Kula Alex 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) can be caused by a variety of microbes. Here, we describe the draft genome assemblies of two species
—Enterobacter hormaechei
and
Providencia rettgeri
—purified from the catheterized urine sample of a male diagnosed with a CAUTI.