bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capillary Absorption and Chloride Penetration into High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Based Composites (HPFRCC) as Influenced by Tensile Stress and Self-Healing
Authors: Wittmann Folker H. , Wang Penggang , Zhang Peng , Zhao Tiejun 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
High-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composites (HPFRCC) can be characterized by low porosity and fine pores as compared to normal concrete and therefore this interesting material absorbs little water or aqueous salt solutions if exposed to aggressive environment. These properties are indications for excellent durability and long service life of structural members or structures made with this high-performance material. In practice, however, most structures and structural elements are designed to be load bearing. The influence of an applied tensile stress on capillary absorption was investigated and results are presented in this contribution. It was found that the coefficient of capillary absorption increases rapidly if a tensile stress exceeding half of the tensile strength is applied. This observation has to be taken into consideration if HPFRCC is to be applied in aggressive environment. The maximum admissible stress must be reduced accordingly.
Mathematical modelling of the within-host HIV quasispecies dynamics in response to antiviral treatment
Authors: Bocharov Gennady A. , Telatnikov Ilya S. , Chereshnev Valery A. , Martinez Javier , Meyerhans Andreas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work is the construction, calibration, and comparative analysis of mathematical models of the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the course of infection when the models are based on deterministic principles of the quasispecies theory (Eigen-Schuster) and on stochastic approaches of genetic algorithms (Holland). The models take into account the replication of viral genomes and selection of descendants according to their fitness, point mutations, multi-infection of target cells and recombination of genomes at the stage of formation of proviral DNA. The processes of diversification of the virus population under the action of the antiviral drug azidothymidine (AZT) that blocks reverse transcription of the virus are simulated. A four-letter alphabet is used in the stochasticmodel for description of nucleotide sequences. The parameters of the model are estimated using original data on the degree of adaptation of the HIV mutants that are partly or completely resistant to this drug. The influence of parameters of infection on the characteristics of viral mutants population diversity is studied
Once again, Erich Przywara and the Jews: A response to John Betz with a brief look into the Nazi correspondences on Przywara and Stimmen der Zeit
Authors: Peterson Paul Silas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this article, I respond to John Betz (University of Notre Dame, USA) who has recently rejected claims that I have made about Erich Przywara’s anti- Semitism and his relationship to Nazi era ideology. Although I admire much of Przywara’s theology and have great sympathy for the teaching about the analogy of being, in this article I address some of the problems of Przywara’s work. I address literature from Przywara on the Jews where he talks about the essence of “the Jew” as “restless” and “revolutionary,” and where he brings up the “wandering Jew” theme or claims Judaism is an “insolent disturber” of the (German) “folkdom.” Przywara’s rejection of “Jewish messianism” and his claims about the “basic tension of the Jew” are also addressed. I analyze his conception of the essence of “the Jew” as, among other things, a “rising will of destruction” and his claim that “Christianity” ultimately becomes the “enemy” of Judaism. Beyond these things, Przywara’s desire to “overcome” Judaism with the right “weapons” is addressed. I also draw attention to his rejection of “Jewish capitalism” and his justification of “the hatred towards the Jews in world history.” In addition to this, his use of ideologically charged Nazi terminology, such as “host-peoples,” and his support of Catholic integralism in Nazi Germany are addressed. Furthermore, Przywara’s remarks (to a leading Nazi representative and ideologue, Hanns Johst) on “the positive sense” of the German “movements” (i. e. National Socialism) in the 1930s are presented. I also show that Przywara”s work was praised by a leading representative and ideologue of National Socialism (Otto Dietrich). With this, I address the internal Nazi correspondences on the very influential German Catholic Jesuit journal titled Stimmen der Zeit
Power Corrupts: Karl Barth’s Use of Jacob Burckhardt’s Philosophy of History
Authors: Jimenez Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis essay traces the influence of the nineteenth century Swiss historical school led by the historian Jacob Burckhardt upon the thought of the theologian Karl Barth. Barth utilizes the unseasonable thoughts of Burckhardt and Nietzsche to critique the optimistic philosophy of history based in Berlin. Burckhardt’s suspicion of power is especially important for Barth as they both disagree with Nietzsche’s fascination with power and Hegel’s optimistic historical reason. However, Barth’s mature ideas about history are almost exclusively focused on God’s revelation in Christ, distancing himself from Burckhardt’s overtly pessimistic reading of history. The paper closes asking if Barth ever successfully navigates away from Hegelian historical reason
Transfer Annealing in Chromic-Doped Potassium Chromate
Authors: Apers D. J. , Collins K. E. , Collins C. H. , Ghoos Y. F. , Capron P. C. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Thermal treatment on chromic (51Cr)-doped potassium Chromate results in the incorporation of 51Cr activity into the Chromate form. Measurements of the isothermal kinetics of this incorporation give "annealing" curves similar to those obtained in Szilard-Chalmers studies on potassium Chromate. It is concluded that transfer annealing may play an important role in Szilard-Chalmers annealing processes in potassium Chromate.
The Mechanism of Molecule-Formation by Nuclear Fission and Subsequent Processes in Solid Mixtures
Authors: Baumgärtner F. , Schön A. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Experiments at temperatures from 4° K up to 500° K show that, at least in the case of <xxx>-formation from uranium fission products and a suitable target Compound in the solid phase, i. e.
<xxx>
neither impact substitution by primary fission recoil
nor unstable intermediate products
nor normal chemical reactions
nor thermal radical reaction
nor radiation induced reactions
play any part.
The only origin of molecule formation is the β-decayof the fission product atoms and the role of primary fission recoil is only to transport the atoms inside the admixed target-compound. Furthermore it is shown by using target-compounds with different central atoms for substitution, i.e. Fe(C5H5)2, Ru(C5H5)2, Os(C5H5)2, that the molecule formation process is not a high energy recoil process but occurs in an energy range where chemical bond-strengths of the target material are significant.
Formes chimiques de l’azote 16 produit par la réaction 16O (n, p) dans l’eau
Authors: Schleiffer J. J. , Adloff J.-P. 
Published: June 2015

Résumé
La distribution des formes chimiques de 16N produit par la réaction 16O (n, p) au cours de l’irradiation de l’eau par des neutrons de 14 MeV a été déterminée. La période de 16N n’est que de 7,35 s et des méthodes d’analyse rapides ont été mises au point. 10% de l’activité apparaît sous une forme volatile qui est principalement NO. L’activité retenue en Solution se répartit comme suit: NH4+ 30%, NH2OH 16%, NO3 - 25%, NO2 -10%. Des mécanismes de réaction sont proposés.
Routine Determination of Copper in Biological Materials by Neutron Activation
Authors: Fritze K. , Aspin Ν. , Holmes T. H. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
A method has been developed which allows the simultaneous separation of 64Cu from a large number of neutron-irradiated tissue samples. Based on the use of a chelating resin the procedure provides a fast and quantitative recovery of the copper, thus eliminating the determination of chemical yields.
Schnelle radiochemische Trennungen
Authors: Bleyl H.-J. , Münzel H. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Zur Entwicklung einer schnellen Trennung benachbarter Seltener Erdmetalle wurden einige Parameter der Elutionschromatographie an Kationenaustauschersäulen eingehend untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die für eine schnelle Trennung günstigsten Werte der Verteilungskoeffizienten mit Hilfe eines einfachen Optimierungsverfahrens ermittelt werden können. Unter Anwendung der optimalen Arbeitsbedingungen und des Komplexbildners α-Methyl-α-hydroxy-buttersäure war es möglich, aus einem Gemisch von maximal 200 μg der Lanthanide Pm, Nd und Pr bzw. Sm, Pm und Nd dasjenige mit der höchsten Ordnungszahl innerhalb von 3 min mit 50% Ausbeute und einem Trennfaktor ≥ 103 zu isolieren.
Détermination du strontium radioactif après séparation par l'EDTA sur résine cationique
Authors: Bouquiaux J. , Gillard-Baruh J. H. C. 
Published: June 2015

Résumé
Les auteurs décrivent une méthode de détermination des Strontiums 90 et 89 dans des échantillons d'origines diverses: eaux de pluie, poussières atmosphériques, eaux de rivière et de mer, produits alimentaires (laits, farines, repas complets) et os.
La solution chlorhydrique des cendres ou l'échantillon d'eau acidifiée sont passés à travers une colonne de Dowex acide pour éliminer les anions. Les cations sont élués par l'acide chlorhydrique, et les carbonates alcalino-terreux sont précipités par le carbonate d'ammonium.
Les carbonates sont dissous dans l'EDTA et cette solution est passée à pu 4,8 à travers une colonne de Dowex ammoniacal, sur laquelle le strontium et le baryum et une partie du calcium sont retenus. Le Strontium est élué sélectivement et quantitativement à l'aide d'une solution d'EDTA à ρH 6,0. Le Strontium 90 est évalué par son fils le 90Y.
La influencia de las noticias periodísticas en las actitudes morales de las audiencias: el análisis lingüístico de Ch. L. Stevenson y J. Searle
Authors: Miceviciute Jurate 
Published: June 2015

La influencia de los mensajes periodísticos en la (trans)formación de las actitudes morales se considera más que probable, pero su estudio empírico conseguirá unas conclusiones válidas sólo si se apoya en una sólida base filosófica. Ella es imprescindible para elaborar una definición de lo moral que permita desarrollar hipótesis y variables para la investigación de campo. El marco más adecuado parece ofrecer el emotivismo de Ch. L. Stevenson combinado con la teoría de la intencionalidad de J. Searle, porque establece un puente conceptual entre el análisis teórico del fenómeno moral y las regularidades de la formación de las actitudes, recogidas en las teorías de rango medio de la Cognición Social (teorías de persuasión) y de la Psicología Moral (teorías de la moral universal). Sólo con una síntesis teórica que abarque el proceso en su totalidad puede plantearse la pregunta sobre la influencia de las noticias periodísticas en él.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/ag.34.2.2141
Adjuvant Therapy With Sodium Alendronate for the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: De Almeida Juliano , Ervolino Edilson , Bonfietti Luiz Henrique , Novaes Vivian Cristina Noronha , Theodoro Letícia Helena , Fernandes Leandro Araujo , Martins Thiago Marchi , Faleiros Paula Lazilha , Garcia Valdir Gouveia 
Published: June 2015

Background: This study assesses the effects of topical sodium alendronate (SA) as an adjuvant to the mechanical treatment of ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats.Methods: Ninety animals were subjected to the induction of periodontitis via the installation of a ligature around the mandibular left first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and the animals were distributed into the following groups: 1) NT group (n = 30), no treatment; 2) SRP group (n = 30), scaling and root planing (SRP) and local irrigation with physiologic saline solution; and 3) SRP/SA group (n = 30), SRP and local irrigation with SA (10−5 M). Ten animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days after treatment. Histologic and histometric analyses were performed in the furcation region. The percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) was measured. Immunohistochemical analyses for detecting the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and activated caspase‐3 were performed at the furcation region.Results: Compared with the other groups, the SRP/SA group showed less local inflammation and better tissue reparation during the entire experiment. There was more PBF in the SRP/SA group than in the other groups at days 7 and 15. Stronger OPG immunolabeling and weaker RANKL immunolabeling were observed in the SRP/SA group at 15 and 30 days. There were fewer TRAP‐positive cells in the SRP/SA group than in the NT group at all of the time points. There was no difference in the number of activated caspase‐3‐positive osteocytes among groups and time points.Conclusion: It can be concluded that topical use of SA as an adjuvant to SRP is effective in the treatment of experimental periodontitis.
Latino Population Growth and Hospital Uncompensated Care in California
Authors: Chen Jie , O’Brien Matthew J. , Mennis Jeremy , Alos Victor A. , Grande David T. , Roby Dylan H. , Ortega Alexander N. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We examined the association between the size and growth of Latino populations and hospitals’ uncompensated care in California. Methods. Our sample consisted of general acute care hospitals in California operating during 2000 and 2010 (n = 251). We merged California hospital data with US Census data for each hospital service area. We used spatial analysis, multivariate regression, and fixed-effect models. Results. We found a significant association between the growth of California’s Latino population and hospitals’ uncompensated care in the unadjusted regression. This association was still significant after we controlled for hospital and community population characteristics. After we added market characteristics into the final model, this relationship became nonsignificant. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that systematic support is needed in areas with rapid Latino population growth to control hospitals’ uncompensated care, especially if Latinos are excluded from or do not respond to the insurance options made available through the Affordable Care Act. Improving availability of resources for hospitals and providers in areas with high Latino population growth could help alleviate financial pressures.
Effects of Participation and Collaboration on Perceived Effectiveness of Core Public Health Functions
Authors: Sinclair Amber , Whitford Andrew 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We measured the perceived effectiveness of core public health services at the community level, and we assessed whether certain system factors were associated with perceived effectiveness. Methods. We used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Local Public Health Systems, conducted in 1998 and 2006, to examine the effects of the contributions of health departments and the participation of other agencies to core functions on the perceived effectiveness of community delivery of core assessment, policy development, and assurance functions. Results. Perceived effectiveness increased over time for all 3 core function areas (range = 41%–53% in 2006). Multivariable results showed that local health department contribution to effort was positively associated with perceived effectiveness of public health core functions. The significance of participation of individual types of agencies or organizations varied by core function areas, except for local government agencies and hospitals, which were significantly positively associated with all 3 core function areas. Conclusions. We furthered our understanding of the significance of the contributions and participations of local health departments and of other individual agencies or organizations in the perceived effectiveness of delivery of core functions.
Association Between Connecticut’s Permit-to-Purchase Handgun Law and Homicides
Authors: Rudolph Kara E. , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Vernick Jon S. , Webster Daniel W. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We sought to estimate the effect of Connecticut’s implementation of a handgun permit-to-purchase law in October 1995 on subsequent homicides.Methods. Using the synthetic control method, we compared Connecticut’s homicide rates after the law’s implementation to rates we would have expected had the law not been implemented. To estimate the counterfactual, we used longitudinal data from a weighted combination of comparison states identified based on the ability of their prelaw homicide trends and covariates to predict prelaw homicide trends in Connecticut.Results. We estimated that the law was associated with a 40% reduction in Connecticut’s firearm homicide rates during the first 10 years that the law was in place. By contrast, there was no evidence for a reduction in nonfirearm homicides.Conclusions. Consistent with prior research, this study demonstrated that Connecticut’s handgun permit-to-purchase law was associated with a subsequent reduction in homicide rates. As would be expected if the law drove the reduction, the policy’s effects were only evident for homicides committed with firearms.
Black Lives Matter: A Commentary on Racism and Public Health
Authors: Jee-Lyn García Jennifer , Sharif Mienah Zulfacar 
Published: June 2015

The recent nonindictments of police officers who killed unarmed Black men have incited popular and scholarly discussions on racial injustices in our legal system, racialized police violence, and police (mis)conduct. What is glaringly absent is a public health perspective in response to these events. We aim to fill this gap and expand the current dialogue beyond these isolated incidents to a broader discussion of racism in America and how it affects the health and well-being of people of color. Our goal is not only to reiterate how salient structural racism is in our society, but how critical antiracist work is to the core goals and values of public health.
The Impact of Trying Electronic Cigarettes on Cigarette Smoking by College Students: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Sutfin Erin L. , Reboussin Beth A , Debinski Beata , Wagoner Kimberly G. , Spangler John , Wolfson Mark 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We assessed the impact of trying electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on future cigarette smoking in a sample of smokers enrolled in college. Methods. In this longitudinal study, first-semester college students at 7 colleges in North Carolina and 4 in Virginia completed a baseline survey and 5 follow-up surveys between fall 2010 and fall 2013. Current cigarette smoking at wave 6 was the primary outcome. Participants (n = 271) reported current cigarette smoking at baseline and no history of e-cigarette use. We measured trying e-cigarettes at each wave, defined as use in the past 6 months. Results. By wave 5, 43.5% had tried e-cigarettes. Even after controlling for other variables associated with cigarette smoking, trying e-cigarettes was a significant predictor of cigarette smoking at wave 6 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32, 4.66), as were friends’ cigarette smoking (AOR = 4.20; 95% CI = 2.22, 7.96) and lifetime use of other tobacco products (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.22, 2.17). Conclusions. Trying e-cigarettes during college did not deter cigarette smoking and may have contributed to continued smoking.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Axillary Artery Dissection After Open Reduction of Shoulder Fracture-Dislocation
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroshi , Akaoka Yusuke , Komatsu Masatoshi 
Published: June 2015

Case:
Injury of the axillary artery after shoulder-joint fracture or dislocation is uncommon. We describe the clinical outcome of an elderly patient with a dissecting aneurysm of the axillary artery following open reduction of a fracture-dislocation of the shoulder. The arterial dissection was successfully managed with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty.

Conclusion:
This case report highlights the need for careful vascular examination of all elderly patients with a fracture or dislocation of the shoulder and the possible use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the management of arterial dissection prior to proceeding with surgical exploration.
Competitive Adsorption and Oxidation Behavior of Heavy Metals on nZVI Coated with TEOS
Authors: Eglal Mahmoud M. , Ramamurthy Amruthur S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT: Zero valent iron nanoparticle (nanofer ZVI) is a powerful substance due to its coating with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Tetraethyl orthosilicate imparts higher reactivity and decreases particle agglomeration. The competitive removal and displacement of multi‐metals are influenced by time, pH, and initial concentration, the presence and properties of competing metals ion in the solution. For both the isotherm and kinetic studies performed for multi‐metal removal experiments, compared to Pb II and Cd II, Cu II experienced a higher removal rate during the initial 5 minutes. After 120 minutes, all metals achieved removal efficiency in the range of 95 to 99%. The results of single and competitive kinetic tests for all three metals during the initial 5 minutes indicated that the presence of other metals generally reduce removal efficiency of metals. Both kinetic test and electron dispersive spectroscope (EDS) studies found that Cu II gets removed faster than the other metals. Pseudo‐second order behavior was noted for the multi‐metal removal systems.
The Information Content of Risk Factor Disclosures in Quarterly Reports
Authors: Filzen Joshua J. 
Published: June 2015

SYNOPSIS
I examine whether recently required risk factor update disclosures in quarterly reports provide investors with timely information regarding potential future negative economic events. Specifically, I examine whether risk factor updates in 10-Q filings are associated with negative abnormal returns at the time the updates are disclosed and whether quarterly updates are followed by negative earnings shocks. I find that firms presenting updates to their risk factor disclosures have significantly lower abnormal returns around the filing date of the 10-Q relative to firms without updates. I also find that firms with updates to their risk factors section have significantly lower future unexpected earnings and are more likely to experience future extreme negative earnings shocks. These findings suggest that the recent disclosure requirement mandated by the SEC was successful in generating timely disclosure of bad news.
JEL Classifications: M41; M48; D80; G18.
Data Availability: Please contact the author for data availability.
Placebo Tests of Conditional Conservatism
Authors: Patatoukas Panos N. , Thomas Jacob K. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Basu (1997) proposes a measure of financial reporting conservatism based on asymmetry in the conditional earnings/returns relation. Patatoukas and Thomas (2011) show upward bias in this measure, because a placebo—lagged earnings—also exhibits similar asymmetry. Ball, Kothari, and Nikolaev (2013a) and Collins, Hribar, and Tian (2014) propose alternative explanations for the bias and offer revised measures to overcome the bias. However, we find that both revised measures remain substantially upward-biased. In particular, a placebo based on lagged share price mimics time-series and cross-sectional variation observed for the revised measures. More generally, we find biases in the asymmetric timeliness specification because earnings, accruals, and other measures of performance are often related to second and higher moments of the distribution of returns. In addition to suggesting that the asymmetric timeliness specification be used with caution, our study illustrates the useful role placebos can play in archival studies.
Data Availability: Data are available from the sources identified in the text.