bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of size and shape originated synergism of carbon nano fillers on the electrical and mechanical properties of conductive polymer composites
Authors: Kasgoz Alper , Akın Dincer , Durmus Ali 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, microstructural features, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity behaviors of thermoplastic composites prepared by using of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) as matrix and various types of carbon nano materials, expanded graphite (EG), carbon nanofiber (CNF), and multi walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) as conductive fillers were investigated. Effects of using of double and triple filler combinations on the electrical properties of composites were also quantified in detail by measuring the bulk resistance of samples under alternating current with an impedance spectrometer. The electrical percolation values of fillers were found to be 20, 10, and 5 phr for the series of composites prepared with the EG, CNF, and CNT, respectively. It was obtained that the bulk resistances of percolated samples were dramatically decreased from 1014 ohm.cm to 103−104 ohm.cm. On the other hand, it was also found that the using of double and triple filler combinations provided much lower (about 101 ohm.cm) bulk resistance which corresponded to higher conductivity values than the highly filled composites including of 30 and 40 phr of EG. Based on the DMA measurements and the quantifying of elastic modulus values of composites in the rubbery region, it was found that the reinforcing effects of carbon nano fillers on the elastic modulus of composites decreased in the order of CNT>CNF>EG, depending on the aspect ratio (Af) values of fillers into the matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42313.
A novel method for preparation of epoxy resins using thiol–ene click reaction
Authors: Zhang Daohong , Hu Peng , Xu Zhicai , Chen Sufang , Zhang Junheng , Zhang Aiqing , Miao Menghe 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTEpoxy resins (EPs) have a wide range of applications due to their remarkable performances. A major issue about them is the associated serious environmental pollution and high manufacturing cost because of the tedious synthetic procedure and the large amount of organic solvents used in production. Here, we report a facile, highly efficient approach to addressing these challenges using thiol–ene click reaction. The new synthesis process is based on mass‐produced materials including triols, diols, mercaptopropionic acid and glycidyl methacrylate and involves only two steps, that is, esterification and thiol–ene click reaction. Three types of high purity sulfur‐containing EPs are synthesized at high yields. The chemical structures and molecular weights of the newly synthesized EPs were characterized by Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Using the methyl nadic anhydride as crosslinker, these resins have shown excellent heat‐resistance due to the absence of hydroxyl groups. They demonstrate high thermal decomposition temperatures, showing no dehydration decomposition at 260°C and therefore are suitable for applications as solvent‐free resins. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42316.
Electrical conduction in plasma polymerized thin films of γ‐terpinene
Authors: Ahmad Jakaria , Bazaka Kateryna , Vasilev Krasimir , Jacob Mohan V. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTPlasma polymerized γ‐terpinene (pp−GT) thin films are fabricated using RF plasma polymerization. MIM structures are fabricated and using the capacitive structures dielectric properties of the material is studied. The dielectric constant values are found to be in good agreement with those determined from ellipsometric data. At a frequency of 100 kHz, the dielectric constant varies with RF deposition power, from 3.69 (10 W) to 3.24 (75 W). The current density–voltage (J−V) characteristics of pp–GT thin films are investigated as a function of RF deposition power at room temperature to determine the resistivity and DC conduction mechanism of the films. At higher applied voltage region, Schottky conduction is the dominant DC conduction mechanism. The capacitance and the loss tangent are found to be frequency dependent. The conductivity of the pp−GT thin films is found to decrease from 1.39 × 10−12 S/cm (10 W) to 1.02 × 10−13 S/cm (75 W) and attributed to the change in the chemical composition and structure of the polymer. The breakdown field for pp–GT thin films increases from 1.48 MV/cm (10 W) to 2 MV/cm (75 W). A single broad relaxation peak is observed indicating the contribution of multiple relaxations to the dielectric response for temperature dependent J−V. The distribution of these relaxation times is determined through regularization methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42318.
Effect of the structure of polymer inclusion membranes on zn(II) transport from chloride aqueous solutions
Authors: Baczyńska Monika , Regel‐Rosocka Magdalena , Nowicki Marek , Wiśniewski Maciej 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents application of polymer inclusion membranes (PIM) containing polymer matrices: cellulose triacetate (CTA) or poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC), o‐nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizer and phosphonium ionic liquids, i.e., trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101), bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)phosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) and tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 167), as carriers for Zn(II) transport from chloride medium. Cyphos IL167 application as an ion carrier in PIMs is reported for the first time. The membrane composition is found to affect Zn(II) transport significantly. SEM and AFM images show the differences in the surface morphology of PVC and CTA based membranes. Better transport abilities of CTA membranes (Zn(II) recovery factors exceed 80%) compared with those of PVC, indicate that the structural differences between the two polymers play a crucial role for the membrane permeability. The best initial flux and permeability coefficient are obtained for the membranes with Cyphos IL 101 and Cyphos IL 104 as carriers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42319.
Batch foaming of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(ether imide) nanocomposites: The influence of the carbon nanotube aspect ratio on the cellular morphology
Authors: Yu Haitao , Lei Yajie , Yu Xuejiang , Wang Xianzhong , Liu Tao , Luo Shikai 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA series of microcellular poly(ether imide) (PEI) foams and nanocellular carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT‐COOH)/PEI foams were prepared by the batch foaming method. MWCNT‐COOHs with different aspect ratios were introduced into the PEI matrix as heterogeneous nucleation agents to improve the cell morphology of the microcellular PEI foams. The effect of the aspect ratio of the MWCNT‐COOHs on the cellular morphology, and gas diffusion is discussed. The results show that with the addition of MWCNT‐COOH, the sorption curve showed a slight reduction of carbon dioxide solubility, but the gas diffusion rate could be improved. The proper aspect ratio of MWCNT‐COOH could improve the cellular morphology under the same foaming conditions, in which m‐MWCNT‐COOH (aspect ratio ≈ 1333) was the best heterogeneous nucleation agent. When the foaming temperature was 170°C, the cell size and cell density of nanocellular m‐MWCNT‐COOH reduced to 180 nm and increased to 1.58  × 1013 cells/cm3, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42325.
Preparation and characterization of polymethyltrifluoropropylsilicone modified acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber/fluorosilicon rubber blend
Authors: Bian Chao , Tan Jinglin , Ma Depeng , Li Yuling , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe blending of polymethyltrifluoropropylsilicone‐modified acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (MNBR) and fluorosilicon rubber (FSR) at 70 : 30 ratio was investigated. The grafting of mercapto‐functionalized polymethyltrifluoropropylsilicone onto acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) by thiol‐ene reaction was carried out with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator in a Haake torque rheometer. The rheological properties of NBR grafting obtained at varying dosages of polymethyltrifluoropropylsilicone in a Haake torque rheometer were studied using torque curves. Grafting reaction was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Results of scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis showed better compatibility of MNBR/FSR blend than NBR/FSR reference blend. Meanwhile, the macro‐mechanical properties of the blend significantly improved. The tensile strength and tear strength of MNBR/FSR blend were improved to 14.34 MPa and 44.94 KN/m, respectively, which were 2.92 MPa and 13.03 KN/m higher than those of NBR/FSR reference blend. The low‐temperature brittleness of the blend was improved to −57°C, an increase of −6°C compared with that of NBR. These results indicated that MNBR/FSR blend at 70 : 30 ratio had improved compatibility because of the grafting chains that acted as interfacial agents. The low‐temperature resistance of the blend was also enhanced. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42328.
Metal acetylacetonate–amine and metal nitrate–amine complexes as low‐emission catalysts for rigid polyurethane foam preparation
Authors: Sridaeng Duangruthai , Limsirinawa Alisa , Sirojpornphasut Piyachat , Chawiwannakorn Siriwan , Chantarasiri Nuanphun 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTSix metal–amine complexes, Cu(acac)2(trien), Zn(acac)2(en), Zn(acac)2(trien), Cu(NO3)2(en)2, Cu(NO3)2(trien), and Cu(NO3)2(tetraen), are synthesized from metal acetylacetonates [M(acac)2, where M = Cu and Zn] or metal nitrate [M(NO3)2, where M = Cu] and aliphatic amines (en = ethylenediamine, trien = triethylenetetramine, and tetraen = tetraethylenepentamine). These metal–amine complexes can be used as catalysts in the preparation of rigid polyurethane (RPUR) foams. All metal–amine complexes emit very weak odor when compared with N,N‐dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), which is a commercial catalyst commonly used in the preparation of RPUR foams. DMCHA emits very strong amine odor that affects working environment in RPUR foam processing. Among all metal complexes, Cu(acac)2(trien) has the highest catalytic activity. In comparison with DMCHA, Cu(acac)2(trien) shows slightly higher catalytic activity in gelling reaction but lower catalytic activity in blowing reaction. RPUR foam prepared from Cu(acac)2(trien) has lower density and compressive strength than that prepared from DMCHA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42332.
Radiation–chemical modification of PTFE in the presence of graphite
Authors: Barylski Adrian , Maszybrocka Joanna , Kupka Marian , Aniołek Krzysztof , Kaptacz Sławomir 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTPTFE with a 15% addition of graphite was subjected to irradiation using an electron beam of 10 MeV energy with absorbed doses of 26, 52, 78, 104, and 156 kGy. The effect of electron‐beam irradiation on the mechanical, sclerometic, and tribological properties, the crystallinity degree, and the morphology of the polymer surface was examined. It was found that the modification through irradiation entailed a gradual increase in the degree of crystallinity, which had a direct influence on the mechanical properties. An increase in the hardness, Young's modulus, and compressive strength of the polymer irradiated with an electron beam was also demonstrated. The electron‐beam irradiation reduced the value of components of the work‐of‐indentation, showing the growing resistance to deformation. An analysis of the scratch test parameters showed a reduced depth of penetration of the indenter into the material, proportionally to the irradiation value, at relatively constant values of the scratch depth after scratching load removal. A stereometric analysis of the scratch traces on the material allowed to determine coefficients of the wear micromechanism, β, and resistance to wear, Wβ. It was found that after irradiation (especially with a dose of 4 × 26 kGy), a significant quantity of the material showed traces of ploughing, which meant a positive effect on the wear mechanism. The value of the wear resistance coefficient Wβ for PTFE subjected to the absorbed irradiation dose increased intensively, which portended a significant reduction of the tribological wear compared to the nonirradiated material. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42348.
Brandschutz in Parkgebäuden
Authors: Sauerborn Norbert , Brandt Oliver , Enders Frank 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTragende Bauteile mehrgeschossiger, oberirdischer Parkgaragen mit Einstufung als offene Garagen können bei beschränkter Größe im Grundriss und ausreichender Querbelüftung nichtbrennbar ausgeführt werden (Feuerwiderstandsklasse R0‐A). Abhängig von der Art der Fassadenkonstruktion ist die Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden Ventilation rechnerisch oder experimentell nachzuweisen.Liegen bei Parkgaragen besondere, baurechtlich maßgebende Randbedingungen vor, z. B. bei Parkebenen auf Einkaufszentren oder bei Teilnutzung als Versammlungsstätte, resultieren Anforderungen an den baulichen Brandschutz. Mithilfe von Brandsimulationsberechnungen auf Naturbrandbasis können die Bauteilanforderungen auch für die Stahl‐/Verbundbauweise wirtschaftlich beherrschbar umgesetzt werden.Fire protection in parking garagesLoad‐bearing elements of multi‐storey, above‐ground parking garages, classified as open garages, can be executed non‐combustible (fire resistance class R0‐A), if the floor area is limited and if cross ventilation is sufficient. Depending on the type of façade structure a sufficient ventilation has to be proved numerically or experimentally.Requirements for structural fire protection may result, if there are special regulations in the building legislation for e. g. parking levels on top of shopping malls or for shared space with assembly rooms. The requirements for structural members can be managed economically with the help of fire simulation calculations based on natural fire, even for steel‐/composite structures.
Garment capture from a photograph
Authors: Jeong Moon‐Hwan , Han Dong‐Hoon , Ko Hyeong‐Seok 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a new method which can create the virtual garment from a single photograph of a real garment put on to the mannequin. In solving this problem, we obtain the insight from the pattern drafting theory in the clothing field. We abstract the drafting process into a computer module, which takes the garment type and primary body sizes then produces the draft as the output. Then the problem is reduced to find out the garment type and primary body sizes. We find that information by analyzing the silhouette of the garment with respect to the mannequin. The method works robustly and produces practically usable virtual clothes that can be used for the graphical coordination. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feeder‐free and xeno‐free culture of human pluripotent stem cells using UCBS matrix
Authors: Ding Yan , Yang Hua , Yu Li , Xu Chang Long , Zeng Yi , Qiu Ying , Li Dong Sheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ideal medium for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) culture should be feeder‐free, xeno‐free, and completely defined. The present study aims to establish a new feeder‐free and xeno‐free system for culturing hPSCs. The system consists of the matrix, which was prepared from human umbilical cord blood serum (UCBS) and used to coat the culture plates, and the xeno‐free medium, which was conventional serum‐free hES medium supplemented with high concentrations of bFGF and Fibronectin. Compared with matrigel and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), the UCBS matrix was proved to be equally suitable for the growth of hPSCs. After a series of experiments with different media and cytokins, the UCBS matrix was found worked the best with the basic medium (BM) supplemented with 20 ng/mL bFGF, 10 ug/mL fibronectin and Y‐27632 for culture of hES cells. The hPSCs maintained normal karyotype, high proliferation rate and self‐renewal ability after continuous culture more than 10 passages in this feeder‐free and xeno‐free system. Furthermore, a new human embryonic stem (hES) cell line was derived from discarded day 3 embryos in this newly developed culture system. In conclusion, this feeder‐free and xeno‐free system could not only be used to the culture hPSCs, but could also be used to derive new hES cell lines.
Ligand‐Controlled CO2 Activation Mediated by Cationic Titanium Hydride Complexes, [LTiH]+ (L=Cp2, O)
Authors: Tang Shi‐Ya , Rijs Nicole J. , Li Jilai , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCO2 activation mediated by [LTiH]+ (L=Cp2, O) is observed in the gas phase at room temperature using electrospray‐ionization mass spectrometry, and reaction details are derived from traveling wave ion‐mobility mass spectrometry. Wheresas oxygen‐atom transfer prevails in the reaction of the oxide complex [OTiH]+ with CO2, generating [OTi(OH)]+ under the elimination of CO, insertion of CO2 into the metal–hydrogen bond of the cyclopentadienyl complex, [Cp2TiH]+, gives rise to the formate complex [Cp2Ti(O2CH)]+. DFT‐based methods were employed to understand how the ligand controls the observed variation in reactivity toward CO2. Insertion of CO2 into the TiH bond constitutes the initial step for the reaction of both [Cp2TiH]+ and [OTiH]+, thus generating formate complexes as intermediates. In contrast to [Cp2Ti(O2CH)]+ which is kinetically stable, facile decarbonylation of [OTi(O2CH)]+ results in the hydroxo complex [OTi(OH)]+. The longer lifetime of [Cp2Ti(O2CH)]+ allows for secondary reactions with background water, as a result of which, [Cp2Ti(OH)]+ is formed. Further, computational studies reveal a good linear correlation between the hydride affinity of [LTi]2+ and the barrier for CO2 insertion into various [LTiH]+ complexes. Understanding the intrinsic ligand effects may provide insight into the selective activation of CO2.
Sources of input to the rostromedial tegmental nucleus, ventral tegmental area, and lateral habenula compared: A study in rat
Authors: Yetnikoff Leora , Cheng Anita Y. , Lavezzi Heather N. , Parsley Kenneth P. , Zahm Daniel S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractProfound inhibitory control exerted on midbrain dopaminergic neurons by the lateral habenula (LHb), which has mainly excitatory outputs, is mediated by the GABAergic rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), which strongly innervates dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain. Early reports indicated that the afferent connections of the RMTg, excepting its very strong LHb inputs, do not differ appreciably from those of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Presumably, however, the RMTg contributes more to behavioral synthesis than to simply invert the valence of the excitatory signal coming from the LHb. Therefore, the present study was done to directly compare the inputs to the RMTg and VTA and, in deference to its substantial involvement with this circuitry, the LHb was also included in the comparison. Data indicated that, while the afferents of the RMTg, VTA, and LHb do originate within the same large pool of central nervous system (CNS) structures, each is also related to structures that project more strongly to it than to the others. The VTA gets robust input from ventral striatopallidum and extended amygdala, whereas RMTg biased inputs arise in structures with a more direct impact on motor function, such as deep layers of the contralateral superior colliculus, deep cerebellar and several brainstem nuclei, and, via a relay in the LHb, the entopeduncular nucleus. Input from the ventral pallidal‐lateral preoptic‐lateral hypothalamus continuum is strong in the RMTg and VTA and dominant in the LHb. Axon collateralization was also investigated, providing additional insights into the organization of the circuitry of this important triad of structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2426–2456, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aging Drosophila melanogaster display altered pre‐ and postsynaptic ultrastructure at adult neuromuscular junctions
Authors: Wagner Nicole , Laugks Ulrike , Heckmann Manfred , Asan Esther , Neuser Kirsa 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough age‐related changes in synaptic plasticity are an important focus within neuroscience, little is known about ultrastructural changes of synaptic morphology during aging. Here we report how aging affects synaptic ultrastructure by using fluorescence and electron microscopy at the adult Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of ventral abdominal muscles. Mainly four striking morphological changes of aging NMJs were revealed. 1) Bouton size increases with proportionally rising number of active zones (AZs). 2) Synaptic vesicle density at AZs is increased in old flies. 3) Late endosomes, cisternae, and multivesicular bodies accumulate in the presynaptic terminal, and vesicles accumulate between membranes of the terminal bouton and the subsynaptic reticulum. 4) The electron‐dense pre‐ and postsynaptic apposition is expanded in aging NMJs, which is accompanied by an expansion of the postsynaptic glutamate receptor fields. These findings suggest that aging is possibly accompanied by impaired synaptic vesicle release and recycling and a potentially compensatory expansion of AZs and postsynaptic densities. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2457–2475, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoelectric Properties of Nanowires with a Graphitic Shell
Authors: Lee Jong Woon , Lee Eun Kyung , Kim Byung Sung , Lee Jae Hyun , Kim Hee Goo , Jang Hyeon Sik , Hwang Sung Woo , Choi Byoung Lyong , Whang Dongmok 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA thermoelectric device that can generate electricity from waste heat can play an important role in a global energy solution. However, the strongly correlated thermoelectric properties have remained a major hurdle for the highly efficient conversion of thermoelectric energy. Herein, the electrical and thermal properties of Si and SiO2 nanowires with few‐layer graphitic shells are demonstrated; these structures exhibit enhanced electrical properties but no increase in thermal conductivity. The main path of the phonons through the structures is the core nanowire, which has a large cross‐sectional area relative to that of the graphitic shell layer. However, the electrical conductivities of the nanowires with shell structures are high because of the good electrical conductivity of the graphitic shell, despite its small cross‐sectional area.
Associations between respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity and effortful control in preschool‐age children
Authors: Sulik Michael J. , Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L. , Silva Kassondra M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWe tested whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity in response to each of three self‐regulation tasks (bird and dragon; knock‐tap; and gift wrap) would predict self‐regulation performance in a sample of 101 preschool‐age children (M age = 4.49, SD = .64). While controlling for baseline RSA, decreases in RSA from bird and dragon to knock‐tap (but not from baseline to bird and dragon) predicted a latent variable measuring self‐regulation. Furthermore, increases in RSA from the knock‐tap to gift wrap—the only task involving delay of gratification—were related to concurrent task performance while controlling for the relation between RSA reactivity and the latent self‐regulation variable. Results suggest that the relations between RSA reactivity and self‐regulatory ability are influenced by task‐specific demands and possibly by task order. Furthermore, RSA reactivity appears to relate differently to performance on motivationally salient self‐regulation tasks such as delay of gratification relative to cool executive function tasks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 596–606, 2015.