bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of caring in China: patient and nurse questionnaire survey
Authors: He T. , Du Y. , Wang L. , Zhong Z.F. , Ye X.C. , Liu X.H. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThe concept of caring is important to both patients and nurses. If patients and nurses perceive caring behaviours differently, patients may not have their needs met or will be dissatisfied with the nursing.AimThis study conducted in mainland China compared the perceptions of nurses and patients concerning nurses' caring behaviours.MethodsFrom November 2011 to June 2012, 680 patients and 540 of their nurses in five hospitals in southern, central and eastern China were invited to complete a descriptive comparative survey with four subcategories, the Caring Behaviors Inventory‐24. Respondents scored each of the 24 items on the survey from 1 (low) to 6 (high). Of those invited, 595 patients (87.50%) and 445 (82.41%) nurses completed the survey.ResultsThe mean item score on the Caring Behaviors Inventory‐24 was 4.32 and 4.96 for patients and nurses, respectively. The subcategory with the highest mean score for both groups was knowledge and skills (4.73, 5.25), and the lowest for both groups was positive connectedness (3.98, 4.51). Nurses' scores were significantly higher than those of patients for all four subcategories (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe gap between the two groups indicates that nurses need to improve their understanding and response to patients' actual and perceived needs and expectations. In China, patients require more support from nurses of their psychological needs.Study LimitationsParticipants came from a limited number of hospitals in three cities. A larger sample from different hospitals in mainland China could have increased the power of the study.
Influenza A virus survival in water is influenced by the origin species of the host cell
Authors: Shigematsu Sayuri , Dublineau Amélie , Sawoo Olivier , Batéjat Christophe , Matsuyama Toshifumi , Leclercq India , Manuguerra Jean‐Claude 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundInfluenza A viruses have an envelope made of a lipid bilayer and two surface glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase. The structure of the virus is directly dependent on the genetic makeup of the viral genome except the glycosylation moieties and the composition of the lipid bilayer. They both depend on the host cell and are in direct contact with the environment, such as air or water. Virus survival is important for virus transmission from contaminated waters in the case of wild aquatic birds or from contaminated surface or air for humans.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to check whether the origin species of the host cell has an influence on influenza A virus survival.MethodThe persistence in water at 35°C of viruses grown on either mammalian cells or avian cells and belonging to two different subtypes H1N1 and H5N1 was compared.ResultsBoth H5N1 and H1N1 viruses remained infectious for periods of time as long as 19–25 days, respectively. However, within the same subtype, viruses grown on mammalian cells were more stable in water at 35°C than their counterparts grown on avian cells, even for viruses sharing the same genetic background.ConclusionsThis difference in virus stability outside the host is probably connected to the nature of the lipid bilayer taken from the cell or to the carbohydrate side chains of the virus surface glycoproteins. Moreover, the long‐lasting survival time might have a critical role in the ecology of influenza viruses, especially for avian viruses.
Angiosome‐targeted revascularisation in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Serra Raffaele , Grande Raffaele , Scarcello Edoardo , Buffone Gianluca , de Franciscis Stefano 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPeripheral vascular disease is a common complication of type 2 diabetes and is often more severe and diffuse than in non‐diabetic individuals with a higher risk of major amputations in the lower limbs. Diabetic foot revascularisation using both traditional bypass surgery and endovascular therapy are often burdened by the failure and the inevitable subsequent massive amputation. In this study, we examined the clinical response of diabetic patients with critical limb ischaemia and extended ischaemic wounds, treated with a new angiosome‐based revascularisation technique. In a 3‐year period, nine diabetic patients with imminent amputation threatening and foot ulcers with no feasible arterial revascularisation options were treated by the angiosome‐based surgical technique by means of deep vein arterialisation. The postoperative tcPO2 evaluation showed a mean increase in the cutaneous oxygen tension in all patients treated. The overall survival rates were 88·88%, 88·88% and 77·77% at 12, 24 and 36 months, respectively. Limb salvage was 100% at 1 year and steady at 88·88% thereafter. Surgical deep venous arterialisation might be considered as an extreme alternative to attempt tissue preservation in limbs unfit for conventional arterial revascularisations. This technique would give advantages to the patients in terms of better compliance to the minor amputations and thus avoiding major limb amputations.
Clinical evaluation of improvised gauze‐based negative pressure wound therapy in military wounds
Authors: Mansoor Junaid , Ellahi Irfan , Junaid Zartash , Habib Adeel , Ilyas Uzair 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in civilian and military wounds is found effective in promoting granulation tissue, decreasing exudate and improving patient comfort. The Use of gauze‐based NPWT is increasing in civilian trauma cases with availability of proprietary systems using gauze as filler material rather than the traditionally used reticulated open‐cell foam. Military trauma wounds differ from civilian trauma wounds in energy of impact, degree and nature of contamination as well as the hostile environments. The Use of gauze as filler material for NPWT in military trauma wounds is less well studied. This study is a retrospective analysis of use of improvised gauze‐based NPWT in military trauma wounds. The whole assembly was constructed from commonly available operation theatre supplies and no proprietary system was used. Results were very encouraging and the use of this improvised method can be useful and cheap alternative to costly proprietary systems.
Risk and the Role of Collateral in Debt Renegotiation
Authors: Neus Werner , Stadler Manfred 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn his basic model of debt renegotiation, Bester () argues that collateral is more effective if high‐risk projects are financed. This result, however, depends crucially on the definition of risk. Using the second‐order stochastic dominance criterion, introduced by Rothschild and Stiglitz (), we show that a project's high risk, induced by a high probability of default, does not improve the effectiveness of collateral. Instead it turns out that, given the expected return, the probability of default has no impact on the collateral's effectiveness. Moreover, a higher risk of the project caused by a higher loss given default makes the use of collateral even less effective.
Art Education and a Democratic Citizenry
Authors: Siegesmund Richard 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe first purpose of Art Education in public schools, articulated in the eighteenth century, was the ability to shape an imaginatively responsible, empathetic, democratic citizenry; this remains an aim for today, which is hard to achieve. This article explores the continuing tension between this original goal and other versions of Art Education, particularly Artistic Education, focusing on professional skills and techniques, and Aesthetic Education that focuses on appreciation of objects. After reviewing Friedrich Schiller's historic contribution to theorising aesthetics as empathy and as experienced through play, and Johan Pestalozzi's practical application in a first curriculum, the article demonstrates Schiller's influence on contemporary theorists Jacques Rancière and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak who also insist that art must remain unproductive in order to defy cultural commodification. In their view, Art Education must be deviant to utility and retain an essential uselessness. A current case study demonstrates the difficulties in facilitating authentic democratic action within the utilitarian demands on today's schools. By developing wide‐awakeness in students, spaces develop where silenced individuals might be heard. Art Education curricula should form the mindful habit of an informed citizenry that fashions an art of living by constructively re‐imagining new possibilities of democratic community and empathetic understanding.
Who Owns the Classroom? Profit, Pedagogy, Belonging, Power
Authors: Wild Carol 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrivate ownership is a significant issue. In England the concept of a school existing for the benefit of the local community looks uncertain in the face of forced transfer to Academy status and partnerships with external private sponsors against the will of parents and teachers. Who profits from for‐profit education and what impact does semi‐privatisation have on the experiences of art teachers and students in schools? This article suggests that artist educators can act intentionally to create art experiences that counter the sterilising nature of the corporate school environment. Through adopting strategies used by contemporary artists to critique ideas of ownership and profit, art teachers can use the site of the classroom and the school itself in ways that ultimately reclaim a sense of belonging for both teachers and students.
Mandibular corrective osteotomy using novel locking compression plate 3.5/4.5/5.0 mm metaphyseal plates
Authors: Klaus Christoph S. , Vogt Carsten , Lischer Christoph J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a technique and the outcome of using 3.5/4.5/5.0 Metaphyseal Locking Compression Plate for corrective osteotomy of mandibular brachygnathia.Study DesignClinical report.AnimalEight‐month Thoroughbred horse.MethodsSevere mandibular brachygnathia was surgically treated by corrective osteotomy and fixation with 2 LCP 3.5/4.5/5.0 Metaphyseal plates inserted using minimally invasive technique.ResultsSevere mandibular brachygnathia was treated successfully with minor complications and stable fixation after 3 months. Cosmetic outcome and owner satisfaction was excellent.ConclusionsCorrective osteotomy and fixation with LCP 3.5/4.5/5.0 Metaphyseal plates can be considered as a surgical technique for correction of severe mandibular brachygnathia in weanlings.
A comparison of microscopic ink characteristics of 35 commercially available surgical margin inks
Authors: Milovancev Milan , Löhr Christiane V. , Bildfell Robert J. , Gelberg Howard B. , Heidel Jerry R. , Valentine Beth A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare microscopic characteristics of commercially available surgical margin inks used for surgical pathology specimens.Study DesignProspectivein vitrostudy.Sample PopulationThirty‐five different surgical margin inks (black, blue, green, orange, red, violet, and yellow from 5 different manufacturers).MethodsInks were applied to uniform, single‐source, canine cadaveric full‐thickness ventral abdominal tissue blocks. Tissue blocks and ink manufacturers were randomly paired and each color was applied to a length of the cut tissue margin. After drying, tissues were fixed in formalin, and 3 radial slices were obtained from each color section and processed for routine histologic evaluation, yielding 105 randomly numbered slides with each manufacturer's color represented in triplicate. Slides were evaluated by 5 blinded, board‐certified veterinary anatomic pathologists using a standardized scoring scheme. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate for ink manufacturer effects on scores, correlation among different subjective variables, and pathologist agreement.ResultsBlack and blue had the most consistently high scores whereas red and violet had the most consistently low overall scores, across all manufacturers. All colors tested, except yellow, had statistically significant differences in overall scores among individual manufacturers. Overall score was significantly correlated to all other subjective microscopic scores evaluated. The average Spearman correlation coefficient among the 10 pairwise pathologists overall ink scores was 0.60.ConclusionsThere are statistically significant differences in microscopic ink characteristics among manufacturers, with a notable degree of inter‐pathologist agreement.
Proton Conductivity in Solid Solution 0.7(CaWO4)–0.3(La0.99Ca0.01NbO4) and Ca(1−x)LaxW(1−y)TayO4
Authors: Vigen Camilla K. , Haugsrud Reidar 
Published: October 2013

The conductivity of nominal CaWO4, CaW0.99Ta0.01O4–δ, 0.7(CaWO4)–0.3(La0.99Ca0.01NbO4–δ), and Ca0.9La0.1WO4+δ has been studied by means of a.c. impedance measurements. Proton conductivity was observed for CaW0.99Ta0.01O4–δ, which displayed exothermic hydration with enthalpy and entropy of –82 kJ/mol and –120 J/molK, respectively. The proton mobility in CaW0.99Ta0.01O4–δ was low, with enthalpy and preexponential factor of mobility of 82 kJ/mol and 0.7 cm2K/Vs. The high enthalpy of mobility is interpreted to reflect association between the acceptor dopant and protonic defects, whereas the low preexponential factor of mobility may reflect a lower proton concentration than assumed. Rietveld refinement indicated low solubilities of La on Ca‐site and Ta on W‐site. Proton conductivity was also observed in undoped CaWO4, however, not in Ca0.9La0.1WO4+δ. The conductivity of 0.7(CaWO4)–0.3(La0.99Ca0.01NbO4–δ) behaved much like that of undoped LaNbO4, likely due to a very low acceptor dopant concentration.
Preparation and Electric Properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–Bi(Al0.5Ga0.5)O3 Lead‐Free Piezoceramics
Authors: Wang Qi , Chen Jun , Fan Longlong , Song Huidong , Gao Wei , Rong Yangchun , Liu Laijun , Fang Liang , Xing Xianran 
Published: October 2013

A new lead‐free BNT‐based piezoelectric ceramics of (1 − x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–xBi(Al0.5Ga0.5)O3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) were synthesized using a conventional ceramic fabrication method. Their structures and electrical properties were investigated. All the samples show a typical ferroelectric P(E) loops and S(E) curves at room temperature. The optimal properties are obtained at the composition of the x = 0.03. The substitution of Bi(Al0.5Ga0.5)O3 enhances piezoelectric constant and increases Curie temperature from 58 pC/N and 310°C of pure BNT to 93 pC/N and 325°C of the x = 0.03. The temperature‐dependent P(E) loops and S(E) curves of 0.97BNT–0.03BAG indicate that phase transition from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric takes place over a very wide temperature region from 80°C to 180°C. The results show that the introduction of BAG improves the electrical properties of BNT.
The development of leadership outcome‐indicators evaluating the contribution of clinical specialists and advanced practitioners to health care: a secondary analysis
Authors: Elliott Naomi , Begley Cecily , Kleinpell Ruth , Higgins Agnes 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo report a secondary analysis of data collected from the case study phase of a national study of advanced practitioners and to develop leadership outcome‐indicators appropriate for advanced practitioners.BackgroundIn many countries, advanced practitioners in nursing and midwifery have responsibility as leaders for health care development, but without having leadership outcome measures available they are unable to demonstrate the results of their activities. In Ireland, a sequential mixed method research study was used to develop a validated tool for the evaluation of clinical specialists and advanced practitioners. Despite strong evidence of leadership activities, few leadership‐specific outcomes were generated from the primary analysis.DesignSecondary analysis of a multiple case study data set.MethodsData set comprised 23 case studies of advanced practitioner/clinical specialists from 13 sites across each region in Ireland from all divisions of the Nursing Board Register. Data were collected 2008–2010. Data sources included non‐participant observation (n = 92 hours) of advanced practitioners in practice, interviews with clinicians (n = 21), patients (n = 20) and directors of nursing/midwifery (n = 13) and documents. Analysis focused on leadership outcome‐indicator development in line with the National Health Service's Good Indicators Guide.ResultsThe four categories of leadership outcomes for advanced practitioner developed were as follows: (i) capacity and capability building of multidisciplinary team; (ii) measure of esteem; (iii) new initiatives for clinical practice and healthcare delivery; and (iv) clinical practice based on evidence.ConclusionsThe proposed set of leadership outcome‐indicators derived from a secondary analysis captures the complexity of leadership in practice. They add to existing clinical outcomes measuring advanced practice.
An integrative review of the impact of indirect trauma exposure in health professionals and potential issues of salience for midwives
Authors: Sheen Kayleigh , Slade Pauline , Spiby Helen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo explore responses to indirect trauma reported by health professionals and to identify issues of potential salience for midwives.BackgroundIndirect exposure to a traumatic event can lead to the development of distressing and potentially enduring responses. Little is understood about the impact that perinatal trauma exposure could have on midwives.DesignAn integrative review design was used.Data sourcesPsychInfo, Medline, PsychArticles, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, MIDIRS and Scopus databases were search for papers published between 1980–November 2012.Review methodsStudies providing quantitative or qualitative exploration of healthcare professionals' responses to indirectly experienced traumatic events were selected.ResultsForty‐two papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four of these studies included professionals engaged in maternity care or exposed to traumatic perinatal events. Findings indicate evidence of intrusion, avoidance and arousal in healthcare professionals, with differing degrees of frequency. Empathy, work‐related stress and the extent of professional experience were identified as associated with traumatic stress responses.ConclusionsEvidence derived from healthcare professionals suggests that indirect exposure to the traumatic events of recipients of care can sometimes elicit traumatic stress responses. Factors increasing risk for traumatic stress were identified as empathy and organizational stress. These factors hold specific salience in midwifery. Responding to trauma in a midwifery context, as informed by findings from other healthcare professionals, could adversely affect midwives' well‐being, care provided to women and contribute to an adverse organizational climate. Large‐scale research considering the experiences of midwives is recommended.
Motivated inaction: when collective disadvantage does not induce collective action
Authors: Stroebe Katherine 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhy do people often fail to act out against their disadvantage? One explanation has been in terms of just‐world beliefs, which cloud perceptions of injustice. An additional route to inaction is proposed here: Just‐world believers refrain from acting because they do not see the necessity, as they expect in a just world all will turn out well in the long run (i.e., all‐will‐be‐well motivation). This hypothesis was tested in a situation of collective injustice typically studied by collective action researchers; namely, demonstration attendance/collective action intentions of students confronted with government cuts. Results revealed high just‐world believers were less likely to engage in collective action. Importantly, effects were mediated by all‐will‐be‐well motivation. Implications for studying determinants of inaction are discussed.
Teachers' work engagement: Considering interaction with pupils and human resources practices as job resources
Authors: Runhaar Piety , Sanders Karin , Konermann Judith 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe goal of these 2 studies was to investigate whether teachers' work engagement is related to the extent to which they experience their interactions with pupils and human resource (HR) practices within their schools as motivating. Study 1 was a qualitative study, including document analysis and interviews with 23 respondents within 4 schools to give more insight into prevailing HR practices. Study 2 was a quantitative study, in which 342 teachers in 13 schools were surveyed. As expected, the interactions with pupils were positively related to work engagement. Furthermore, HR practices were positively related to vigor and dedication. Not in line with our expectations, HR practices weakened the relationship between the interaction with pupils and dedication.
Position toward the status quo: Explaining differences in intergroup perceptions between left‐ and right‐wing affiliates
Authors: Bäck Emma A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChallengers, as opposed to defenders, of the status quo ascribe more negative motives for the attitudes of their opponents and more positive motives to their allies. This may be associated with a heightened social cost involved in challenging the generally considered good and true. Most social issues are associated with ideology, and conservatives display more prejudices than liberals. Hence, it is unclear whether ideology or position toward the status quoper sedrives these attributions. In two studies, position showed to be a stronger predictor of biased intergroup perceptions than ideology. Both left‐ and right‐wing affiliates displayed stronger biases when in opposition. This supports the notion that the challenging positionper se, elicits group differentiation. Results are important for understanding of negative campaigning and political action.
Influence of coaching efficacy and coaching competency on athlete‐level moral variables in Botswana youth soccer
Authors: Malete Leapetswe , Chow Graig M. , Feltz Deborah L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examined coach‐perceived coaching efficacy and athlete‐perceived coaching competency, perceptions of coaches' endorsement of unfair play, and team norm for aggression on athlete‐level moral variables in Botswana youth soccer. Participants were youth soccer players (n = 506) and their coaches (n = 24). Players completed the coaching competency scale, the Judgments About Moral Behavior in Youth Sports Questionnaire, and the Team Norm Questionnaire. Coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale. Multilevel analysis revealed that team norm for aggression, athletes' perceptions of their coaches' endorsement of aggression/cheating, and Game Strategy Coaching Competency were significant predictors of athletes' likelihood to aggress and perceptions of peer cheating. The findings contribute to previous research demonstrating the influence of the coach on athletes' antisocial behaviors.
Psychological contracts and innovative behavior: a moderated path analysis of work engagement and job resources
Authors: Chang Huo‐Tsan , Hsu Hung‐Ming , Liou Jia‐Wen , Tsai Chi‐Tung 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study explored the relationships between psychological contract types and innovative behavior. We focused on the mediating effect of work engagement and the moderating effect of job resources (organizational and social resources). Participants were 267 dyads of research and development engineers and their supervisors from 30 high‐tech companies. Moderated path analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings showed that: (a) work engagement fully mediated the negative relationship between transactional contracts and innovative behavior; in addition, it also fully mediated the positive relationship between relational contracts and innovative behavior; and (b) job resources attenuated the former and strengthened the latter mediating effects. These findings contribute to understanding how, why, and when psychological contract types lead to innovative behavior via work engagement.