bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental trajectory of contextual learning and 24-h acetylcholine release in the hippocampus
Authors: Takase Kenkichi , Sakimoto Yuya , Kimura Fukuko , Mitsushima Dai 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTo determine the developmental trajectory of hippocampal function in rats, we examined 24-h changes in extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels and contextual learning performance. Extracellular ACh significantly correlated with spontaneous behavior, exhibiting a 24-h rhythm in juvenile (4-week-old), pubertal (6-week-old) and adult (9- to 12-week-old) rats. Although juveniles of both sexes exhibited low ACh levels, adult males had higher ACh levels than adult females. Moreover, juveniles exhibited much more spontaneous activity than adults when they showed equivalent ACh levels. Similarly, juveniles of both sexes exhibited relatively low contextual learning performance. Because contextual learning performance was significantly increased only in males, adult males exhibited better performance than adult females. We also observed a developmental relationship between contextual learning and ACh levels. Scopolamine pretreatment blocked contextual learning and interrupted the correlation. Since long-term scopolamine treatment after weaning impaired contextual learning in juveniles, the cholinergic input may participate in the development of hippocampus.
On permutation of space‐time‐frequency block codings
Authors: Morsali Alireza , Talebi Siamak 
Published: January 2014

Multi‐input multi‐output‐orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing is the foundation of next generation of wireless communication systems and space‐time‐frequency block coding (STFBC) is considered one of the best schemes for implementing these systems. STFBCs have very complex structures and many parameters affect their performance. Studies have shown that permutation parameter plays a very important and sensitive role in the construction of STFBCs so much so that a small variation of this parameter could cause a significant change in the value of the coding advantage (CA) which alters the code's performance. In this study, first the authors explore how the permutation parameter affects STFBCs and demonstrate that existing permutation methods do not guarantee to attain the maximum possible CA. Next, they introduce a new structure for STFBCs permutation, which is the basis for the design of a modified model of one recently published STFBC. Comparison of the simulation results from the original and modified codes confirms the latter improves the performance by up to 3 dB. This is an achievement that is also verified by theoretical analysis.
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Anterior Surgery Combined Posterior Instrumentation for Children with Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Zheng Changkun , Li Peng , Kan WuSheng 
Published: January 2014

Background The use of thoracoscopy for the treatment of spinal disorders has been applied mostly in adults. However, thoracoscopic decompression of spinal tuberculosis in children has probably been rarely documented.
Objective To assess the efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic anterior surgery (VATS) combined with posterior instrumentation for children with spinal tuberculosis.
Study Design Total 15 consecutive children with spinal tuberculosis with VATS combined with posterior instrumentation were included.
Methods Overall 15 cases of spinal tuberculosis were treated with the procedure of posterior internal fixation and anterior debridement by VATS combined with posterior instrumentation between January 2002 and December 2006.There were nine males and six females with an average age of 11.6 years (8–15 y). All patients were given appropriate chemotherapy for 4 to 12 weeks preoperatively and 12 to 15 months postoperatively. All patients were followed up with evaluation of the changes of kyphotic deformity noted.
Results All the cases were followed up over an average of 37.3 months (range, 12–48 mo).The wounds were healed without chronic infection or sinus formation. Four patients improved three grades, two patients improved two grades, and seven patients improved one grade. The average neurological recovery in the patients was 1.44 grades on the scale by Frankel et al. The average preoperative kyphosis was 37 degrees (range, 23–59 degrees) and the average postoperative kyphosis was 25 degrees (range, 18–35 degrees) at final follow-up. Also, minimal progression of kyphosis was seen at final follow-up with an average kyphosis of 28 degrees (range, 20–40 degrees); and average loss of correction of 3 degree was seen at final follow-up.
Conclusions VATS combined with posterior instrumentation achieve satisfactory results for children with spinal tuberculosis.
High repetition rate plasma mirror device for attosecond science
Authors: Borot A. , Douillet D. , Iaquaniello G. , Lefrou T. , Audebert P. , Geindre J.-P. , Lopez-Martens R. 
Published: January 2014

This report describes an active solid target positioning device for driving plasma mirrors with high repetition rate ultra-high intensity lasers. The position of the solid target surface with respect to the laser focus is optically monitored and mechanically controlled on the nm scale to ensure reproducible interaction conditions for each shot at arbitrary repetition rate. We demonstrate the target capabilities by driving high-order harmonic generation from plasma mirrors produced on glass targets with a near-relativistic intensity few-cycle pulse laser system operating at 1 kHz. During experiments, residual target surface motion can be actively stabilized down to 47 nm (root mean square), which ensures sub-300-as relative temporal stability of the plasma mirror as a secondary source of coherent attosecond extreme ultraviolet radiation in pump-probe experiments.
Inhibition of master transcription factors in pluripotent cells induces early stage differentiation
Authors: De Debojyoti , Jeong Myong-Ho , Leem Young-Eun , Svergun Dmitri I. , Wemmer David E. , Kang Jong-Sun , Kim Kyeong Kyu , Kim Sung-Hou 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Though the potential of stem cells to differentiate into diverse specialized cell types has given much hope to the field of regenerative medicine, low efficiency of commitment is still a major obstacle to practical application. We hypothesized that initial differentiation can be enhanced if the transcriptional activity of core stemness regulators is suppressed. By taking advantage of a sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) interacting protein from heterologous origin, we proved that the inhibition of transcriptional activity of Sox2 resulted in the expression of early differentiation markers and appearance of early neuronal and cardiac progenitors. This strategy can possibly be applied to induce efficient differentiation of stem cells and provide a clue to understanding the mechanism of early differentiation.
Are the Laurentian Great Lakes great enough for Hjort?
Authors: Janssen John , Marsden J. Ellen , Hrabik Thomas R. , Stockwell Jason D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Hjort's insights on marine fish recruitment and larval fish advection are presumed not applicable to freshwater lakes because most freshwater lakes are small. The Laurentian Great Lakes (LGL), however, are large enough for certain oceanic-type hydrodynamics, such as strong currents and upwelling, to affect the distribution and survival of larval fish and thus fall under Hjort's purview. However, there are evolutionary constraints because LGL species underwent an evolutionary bottleneck during glaciation, ∼10 000 years BP. We consider three narratives pertinent to both the spatial scale and the evolutionary time-scale of the LGL. The first reviews recent evidence of offshore advection and subsequent cross-lake dispersal of larval and juvenile yellow perch, a coastal demersal species in Lake Michigan. The second narrative suggests that biotic interactions, rather than spatial scale itself, could account for the transition in the critical period of Lake Michigan yellow perch period from a juvenile to a larval critical period. In the third narrative, we consider whether the deep LGL lack a significant native pelagic larval fish predator. We propose that the LGL, in combination with the older World's Great Lakes, present an opportunity to explore evolution and adaptation of fish to oceanic type physical conditions.
Some explorations of the life history ratios to describe length composition, spawning-per-recruit, and the spawning potential ratio
Authors: Hordyk Adrian , Ono Kotaro , Sainsbury Keith , Loneragan Neil , Prince Jeremy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEvaluating the status of data-poor fish stocks is often limited by incomplete knowledge of the basic life history parameters: the natural mortality rate (M), the von Bertalanffy growth parameters (L∞ and k), and the length at maturity (Lm). A common approach to estimate these individual parameters has been to use the Beverton–Holt life history invariants, the ratios M/k and Lm/L∞, especially for estimating M. In this study, we assumed no knowledge of the individual parameters, and explored how the information on life history strategy contained in these ratios can be applied to assessing data-poor stocks. We developed analytical models to develop a relationship between M/k and the von Bertalanffy growth curve, and demonstrate the link between the life history ratios and yield- and spawning-per-recruit. We further developed the previously recognized relationship between M/k and yield- and spawning-per-recruit by using information on Lm/L∞, knife-edge selectivity (Lc/L∞), and the ratio of fishing to natural mortality (F/M), to demonstrate the link between an exploited stock's expected length composition, and its spawning potential ratio (SPR), an internationally recognized measurement of stock status. Variation in length-at-age and logistic selectivity patterns were incorporated in the model to demonstrate how SPR can be calculated from the observed size composition of the catch; an advance which has potential as a cost-effective method for assessing data-poor stocks. A companion paper investigates the effects of deviations in the main assumptions of the model on the application of the analytical models developed in this study as a cost-effective method for stock assessment [Hordyk, A. R., Ono, K., Valencia, S., Loneragan, N. R., and Prince, J. D. 2015. A novel length based empirical estimation method of spawning potential ratio (SPR), and tests of its performance, for small-scale, data-poor fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72: 217–231].
Reading self‐help literature inRussia: governmentality, psychology and subjectivity
Authors: Salmenniemi Suvi , Vorona Mariya 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSelf‐help has become a booming business over the past decades and an increasingly visible part of popular media culture worldwide. The paper analyzes the arrival and effects of this cultural technology in post‐SovietRussia after more than seventy years of socialism. It examines how Russians are engaging with popular psychology self‐help as a technology of the self and how they are making it meaningful in their lives. Drawing on a set of one‐to‐one and focus group interviews conducted with self‐help readers, it examines how these individuals negotiate the new ethics and the normative models of personhood put forward by the self‐help genre. It argues that popular psychology has offered a new language for making sense of the self and the social world, and highlights how the readers critically engage with the normalizing power of popular psychology by drawing on a number of local historically sedimented discourses.
A comparative study of the prevalence of domestic violence in women requesting a termination of pregnancy and those attending the antenatal clinic
Authors: Wokoma TT , Jampala M , Bexhell H , Guthrie K , Lindow S 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) in women requesting antenatal care (ANC) and termination of pregnancy (TOP) in North East England.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional comparative prevalence study using self‐administered questionnaires, with women selected as opportunistic samples over a concurrent period.SettingThe participants were screened anonymously and confidentially in the ANC and TOP clinics.SamplePregnant women in the first trimester requesting a TOP or ANC.MethodsThe participants were screened for a history of DV using a modified version of the Abuse Assessment Screening tool.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of DV between ANC and TOP populations, and any differences in the characteristics of the women, such as age, level of education, or marital status. We aimed to determine the reasons for requesting a TOP.ResultsThere were 507 respondents, with 233 attending ANC and 274 requesting a TOP. Of the ANC population, 219 completed the questionnaire. In the TOP population, all the questionnaires were fully or partially completed. Women requesting a TOP were six times as likely to suffer physical abuse in the current relationship (5.8 versus 0.9%; χ2 = 10.2 (2); P < 0.05), and were five times as likely to suffer emotional abuse (9.9 versus 1.8%; χ2 = 13.6 (2); P < 0.0001), than those attending ANC. Of the 274 women requesting a TOP, only ten mentioned DV as a contributing factor.ConclusionsThere is a higher prevalence of DV in the TOP population than in the ANC population, but very few women stated that DV influenced their request for a TOP.
Who is responsible for selecting children's fast food meals, and what impact does this have on energy content of the selected meals?
Authors: Wellard Lyndal , Chapman Kathy , Wolfenden Luke , Dodds Pennie , Hughes Clare , Wiggers John 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to: (i) document the role of parents in children's fast food meal selection; (ii) determine whether parental demographics, weight status or fast food consumption frequency were associated with who selects children's fast food meals; and (iii) determine whether the total energy content of children's meals selected from a hypothetical fast food menu was associated with selection responsibility.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 477 parents of children aged 3–12 years in New South Wales, Australia, was conducted. Participants completed two computer‐assisted telephone interviews. The first collected demographic and anthropometric data including height and weight. Participants were subsequently mailed a hypothetical fast food menu. The second interview asked who was responsible for selecting their children's fast food meals, and what items would be chosen. Energy content of the selections was examined.ResultsMost parents (60%) stated that they shared meal selection responsibility with their children. Parents with higher education levels (P < 0.01) or younger children (P < 0.01) were more likely to take responsibility for meal selection. When parents stated that children were responsible, they chose fast food meals with significantly higher energy content than when responsibility was shared (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe present study shows that parents are influential in children's fast food intake. Parents should be encouraged to play an active role in assisting children to make healthier fast food choices, to reduce the impact of high‐energy meals on their overall diets.
Urban Community Gardens as Spaces of Citizenship
Authors: Ghose Rina , Pettygrove Margaret 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA growing body of literature conceptualizes urban agriculture and community gardens as spaces of democratic citizenship and radical political practice. Urban community gardens are lauded as spaces through which residents can alleviate food insecurity and claim rights to the city. However, discussions of citizenship practice more broadly challenge the notion that citizen participation is inherently transformative or empowering, particularly in the context of neoliberal economic restructuring. This paper investigates urban community gardens as spaces of citizenship through a case study of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It examines the impacts of community gardens on citizenship practice and the effects of volunteerism on the development of community gardens. It explores how grassroots community gardens simultaneously contest and reinforce local neoliberal policies. This research contributes empirically and theoretically to scholarship on urban food movements, neoliberal urbanization, collaborative governance, and citizenship practice.
Renal denervation restores the baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in Wistar‐Kyoto rats with cisplatin‐induced renal failure
Authors: Khan S. A. , Sattar M. A. , Rathore H. A. , Abdulla M. H. , ud din Ahmad F. , Ahmad A. , Afzal S. , Abdullah N. A. , Johns E. J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimThere is evidence that in chronic renal failure, the sympathetic nervous system is activated. This study investigated the role of the renal innervation in suppressing high‐ and low‐pressure baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in cisplatin‐induced renal failure.MethodsRenal failure was induced using cisplatin (5 mg kg−1, i.p.) and the rats used 7 days later. Groups of rats were anaesthetized and prepared for measurement of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate. Acute unilateral or bilateral renal denervation was performed, and renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate baroreflex gain curves were generated while the cardiopulmonary receptors were stimulated using an acute saline volume load.ResultsCisplatin administration reduced (P < 0.05) glomerular filtration rate by 27%, increased sodium fractional excretions fourfold, plasma creatinine and kidney index by 39 and 30% respectively, (all P < 0.05) compared with control rats. In the renal failure rats, baroreflex sensitivity for renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate was reduced (P < 0.05) by 29% and 27% (both P < 0.05) compared with control animals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, renal denervation restored baroreflex sensitivity to normal values. Volume expansion reduced (P < 0.05) renal sympathetic nerve activity by 34% in control rats, but remained unchanged in the renal failure rats. Unilateral and bilateral renal denervation progressively restored the volume expansion induced renal sympathoinhibition to control values.ConclusionThese findings reveal a significant role of the renal sensory innervation in cisplatin‐damaged kidneys which blunt the normal baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity.
Population pharmacokinetic approach to evaluate the effect of CYP2D6, CYP3A, ABCB1, POR and NR1I2 genotypes on donepezil clearance
Authors: Noetzli Muriel , Guidi Monia , Ebbing Karsten , Eyer Stephan , Wilhelm Laurence , Michon Agnès , Thomazic Valérie , Stancu Ioana , Alnawaqil Abdel‐Messieh , Bula Christophe , Zumbach Serge , Gaillard Michel , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon , von Gunten Armin , Csajka Chantal , Eap Chin B. 
Published: January 2014

AimsA large interindividual variability in plasma concentrations has been reported in patients treated with donepezil, the most frequently prescribed antidementia drug. We aimed to evaluate clinical and genetic factors influencing donepezil disposition in a patient population recruited from a naturalistic setting.MethodsA population pharmacokinetic study was performed including data from 129 older patients treated with donepezil. The patients were genotyped for common polymorphisms in the metabolic enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A, in the electron transferring protein POR and the nuclear factor NR1I2 involved in CYP activity and expression, and in the drug transporter ABCB1.ResultsThe average donepezil clearance was 7.3 l h−1 with a 30% interindividual variability. Gender markedly influenced donepezil clearance (P < 0.01). Functional alleles of CYP2D6 were identified as unique significant genetic covariate for donepezil clearance (P < 0.01), with poor metabolizers and ultrarapid metabolizers demonstrating, respectively, a 32% slower and a 67% faster donepezil elimination compared with extensive metabolizers.ConclusionThe pharmacokinetic parameters of donepezil were well described by the developed population model. Functional alleles of CYP2D6 significantly contributed to the variability in donepezil disposition in the patient population and should be further investigated in the context of individual dose optimization to improve clinical outcome and tolerability of the treatment.
Greater India's northern margin prior to its collision with Asia
Authors: Ali J. R. , Aitchison J. C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGreater India's northern edge prior to collision with Asia is typically modelled as a rifted passive margin. We argue for a quite different geometry as a consequence of two tectonic episodes that happened sometime before the main impact. Whilst the western segment of India's northern boundary had formed in the Late Triassic as a rifted margin, the central and eastern portions developed between 132 and 110 Ma when the sub‐continent separated from Australia–Antarctica as the inner wall of a dextral ‘scything’ transform fault along the Wallaby–Zenith Fracture Zone off western Australia. Key features would have been (i) the very narrow (20–30 km wide) ocean–continent transition zone marking the sub‐continent's eastern northern boundary, and (ii) similar to the region offshore South Africa's Garden Route coast, Greater India's NE corner may have developed a series of ‘perched’ half grabens due to shearing related to its motion along the Wallaby–Zenith Fracture Zone, from initial break‐up until it passed the Zenith Plateau (ca. 110 Ma). Differences in the development of NW Greater India may be reflected in restriction of ultra‐high pressure metamorphic rocks to the western Himalaya where late Paleocene subduction of the rifted passive margin occurred at sub‐equatorial latitudes beneath the intra‐Tethyan arc. Further east, where the margin developed along the scything transform, the continent–ocean boundary would have been more abrupt and probably less strongly welded. Ophiolite emplacement appears to have been penecontemporaneous along the margin. A subsequent slab break‐off episode then eliminated the original plate boundary. Thereafter, remaining oceanic lithosphere north of the arc sutured to the sub‐continent, albeit rather weakly, was consumed beneath Eurasia, culminating in India–Asia collision.