bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rearing environment influences the interaction between fish gut microbiota and behaviour
Authors: Anka Ishrat Z. , Webster Tamsyn M. Uren , McLaughlin Sam , Hitchings Matthew , de Leaniz Carlos Garcia , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The gut microbiota influences human and animal cognition and behaviour through its effects on the endocrine and immune systems, but the relationship between host genetics, environmental factors and the microbiota, and their joint effect on the host cognitive behaviour has not been determined. The microbiome-behaviour relationship may be especially relevant for fish, due to their diverse evolutionary history and potential applications for farming and conservation. Yet, there is limited research of the interaction between gut microbiome and behaviour in fish, apart from using zebrafish as a model for human applications. We manipulated the rearing environment and diet of fish from two highly inbred strains of the self-fertilising mangrove killifish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) and assessed their effects on the gut microbiome (based on 16S rRNA sequencing) and the potential interactions with behaviour (based on a novel object test).
Results
We found that the microbiome composition and alpha diversity were significantly influenced by strain, hatching mode and diet, but not by environmental enrichment. We also identified a strong association between fish gut microbiota (community composition and alpha diversity measured as Chao1 and Faith phylogenetic diversity) and behaviour (activity level and inspections of a novel object), but no significant influence of strain, diet, environment or hatching mode on behaviour. The particular taxa influenced by host genetics and environmental factors were not the same as those associated with the behaviour, but in both cases were dominated by Bacteroidales, potentially related to the production of SCFAs and neurodevelopment.
Conclusion
We suggest thatthe observed association between microbiome and fish behaviour could be an indirect effect of the modulation of the ecological conditions of the gut microbiota by the host genetics and rearing conditions (hatching and diet), which could be affecting the production of microbial metabolites that interact with the fish physiology.
Ferroptosis-dependent neuronal damage induced by oxidative stress in iPSC-motor neurons as ALS model
Authors: Kobayashi Hayato , Suzuki-Masuyama Hitoshi , Tanabe Hirokazu , Kato Hiroshi , Endoh-Yamagami Setsu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The molecular mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are not fully understood, but oxidative stress is known to play a central role in ALS pathogenesis. In this study, we developed a method to induce gradual oxidative stress in iPSC-motor neurons, creating a model for studying neuronal damage in ALS. Neuroprotective effects in this model were observed with ferroptosis inhibitors as well as edaravone, an approved ALS medicine. Furthermore, through a compound screen, a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, AY 9944, was identified as being capable of inhibiting neuronal damage in the model. Additionally, neuroprotective activity was observed with 7-dehydrocholesterol, an immediate precursor of cholesterol, while the efficacy of AY-9944 was compromised by knockout of the EBP gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. These findings suggest the involvement of ferroptosis and cholesterol biogenesis in progression of ALS and provide potential insights for drug development.
Elucidation and Active Ingredient Identification of Aqueous Extract of Ficus exasperataVahl Leaf against Bisphenol A-induced Toxicity Through In vivo and In-silico Assessments
Authors: adeyemi olugbenga eyitayo , Jaryum Kiri Hashimu. , Omolara Titilayo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, poses significant health problems due to its induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, etc. Whereas Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf (FEVL) was reported for its ethnopharmacological properties against several ailments owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, etc. Here, we aim to elucidate and identify the bioactive compounds of aqueous extract of FEVL (AEFEVL) against BPA-induced toxicity using in vivo and in-silico assessments. To determine the BPA toxicity mechanism and safe doses of AEFEVL, graded doses of BPA (0-400µM) and AEFEVL (0-2.0mg/10g diets) were separately fed to flies to evaluate survival rates and specific biochemical markers. The mitigating effect of AEFEVL (0.5 and 1.0mg/10g diet) against BPA (100, and 200µM)-induced toxicity in the flies after 7-day exposure was also carried out. Additionally, molecular docking analysis of BPA and BPA-o-quinone (BPAQ) against selected antioxidant targets, and HPLC-MS-revealed AEFEVL compounds against Keap-1 and IKKβ targets, followed by ADMET analysis, was conducted. Emergence rate, climbing ability, acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase-B, and glutathione-S-transferase activities, and levels of Total thiols, Non-protein thiols, Nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde, and cell viability were evaluated. BPA-induced altered biochemical and behavioral parameters were significantly mitigated by AEFEVL in the flies (P < 0.05). BPAQ followed by BPA exhibited higher inhibitory activity, and epigallocatechin (EGC) showed the highest inhibitory activity among the AEFEVL compounds with desirable ADMET properties. Conclusively, our findings revealed that EGC might be responsible for the mitigative effect displayed by AEFEVL in BPA-induced toxicity in D. melanogaster.
FGEFNet: Fine-Grained Extraction and Flow Network for Crowd Counting
Authors: Yue Jianping , Cheng Jintao , Wu Wenli , Tang Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Crowd counting is an important application of artificial intelligence in computer graphics and one of the most challenging research areas in the field of computer vision. Most existing methods lack consideration for fine-grained information and the role of advanced features, making it challenging to simultaneously focus on fine-grained information while extracting global information In this paper, we propose a fine-grained extraction and flow network (FGEFNet) for crowd counting. Firstly, we propose a Feature Selection Fusion Pyramid structure, which fully exploits important information in high-level feature maps and ensure the flow and fusion of fine-grained features. Secondly, we propose an Adaptive Channel Focus Module (ACFM),whcih can make the model focus on global features while also paying attention to fine-grained features. We innovatively introduce ACFM at the backend of the network in a fine-grained manner, providing fine-grained channel perception capability to detect subtle features in crowd images. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments on four widely used datasets, achieving State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) results on the SHHA datasets. It is worth noting that FGEFNet achieves a remarkable improvement by reducing Mean Absolute Error (MAE) by 2.56 and Mean Squared Error (MSE) by 7.4 on the SHHA dataset compared to the existing best model. The code and models are available at https://github.com/lele-progammer/FGEFNet
Secure Data transmission in wireless networking through node deployment and Artificial Bird optimized Deep Learning Network
Authors: Luqman Mohammad , Faridi Arman Rasool 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) engage in monitoring, collecting, and communicating sensitive data from the application area to the sink node through the cluster heads (CHs). During the data transmission, there are chances that faulty nodes are available in the network, which increases the chances of communicating the data with the unauthorized nodes in the network. Therefore, in this research, secure data transmission is concentrated for which the messages and monitored WSN data are encrypted using the Hybrid encryption algorithm before the communication, which ensures data access only for the genuine nodes. Accordingly, the node status is assessed to ensure the fault-free nodes through the duty cycle management scheme based on the proposed Artificial Bird Optimized Deep Learning Model (ABO-deep CNN Model). The research aims to develop secure data transmission in WSN by effectively managing the duty cycles of sensor nodes and handling the security issues of the data transmission through the authentication scheme that is based on encryption schemes. Utilizing the Regional K-means approach allows for selecting energy-efficient heads to facilitate data transmission. Following the optimized Deep CNN to determine the state of the nodes, the data transmission takes place through the Hybrid encryption algorithm that allows the transmission with identical data decryption. In addition, the energy-efficient routes are selected using ABO for communicating the data securely in the WSNs. At the round of 1500, the proposed ABO-deep CNN WSN is evaluated with alive nodes, delay, energy, and, throughput of 90, 0.034 ms, 0.38J, and 0.30bps respectively for 200 nodes analysis which outperformed other existing methods and attained high efficiency.
Improvements of Antibacterial and Cell Growth Activities for Hydroxyapatite Rods Modified Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Implants with Direct Absorption of Antibiotics
Authors: Chen Dave W. , Chou Ming-Kuang , Lau Ngi-Chiong , Cheng Kong-Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Demands of bone regeneration and fracture repairing technologies have become increasingly important due to aged society and limitation of autologous bone graft. Heterogeneous implants are always employed in clinical treatments but their antibacterial properties, biocompatibilities, and the mismatch elastic moduli with human bones have to be improved. Therefore, polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/ hydroxyapatite (HA) rod-like array samples were manufactured using hydrothermal method and then directly attached various types of Ampicillin, Vancomycin salts and their mixture onto HA arrays in order to improve their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. Various ratios of ethylenediaminetetraacetic agent : calcium ions in the solution baths were set in order to obtain high values of specific area of HA rods for the loading of antibiotics. The specific surface area of the sample prepared with ethylenediaminetetraacetic agent : calcium ions ratio of 1:1 in solution bath showed the largest value. Samples through direct absorption of antibiotics can maintain their antibacterial activities up to 10 days. Sample (C) (direct absorption of Ampicillin + Vancomycin salt solution (w/w = 50/50)) showed good inhibition activities on E. coli and S. aureus. Cell growth activity of MC3T3-E1 onto the PEEK/HA/antibiotic samples also showed better performance than that of HA/PEEK sample, suggesting potential good application in polymer-made implants.
Road Terrain Recognition Based on Tire Noise for Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Yang Dongsheng , Zhang Dongmin , Yuan Yi , He Lizhi , Lei Zhaoyu , Ding Binlei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Choosing different driving modes according to different road terrains can effectively improve the driving safety, pass-ability and comfort. However, there still remains some challenge on accurate and robust road terrain recognition using deep learning in complex environment. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end tire noise recognition residual network (TNResNet) together with a time-frequency attention module, which can be used to capture time-frequency information of tire noise signal for road terrains recognition. Five different roads including asphalt road, cement road, grass road, mud road and sand road were tested by our method, whose performance was compared with other machine learning and deep learning methods such as Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Long Short-Term Memory, Convolutional Neural Network, and Artificial Intelligence Model. Experimental results show that our proposed TNResNet has the best performance among the mentioned methods, and its validation classification accuracy reaches 99.48%. This method shows remarkable application value in automatic road terrain identification of autonomous vehicles.
Gate structuring on bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides enables ultrahigh current density
Authors: Kim Jeehwan , Kwon Junyoung , Kim Kyoung Yeon , Jang Dongwon , Yoo Min Seok , Jung Alum , Choi Woon Ih , Cho Yeonchoo , Kim Changhyun , Ryu Huije , Yang Eunji , Lee Eun-Kyu , Lee Chang-Seok , Kim Sangwon , Kwon Uihui , Lim Sung Kyu , Byun Kyungeun , Seol Minsu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The foundry industry and academia dedicated to advancing logic transistors are encountering significant challenges in extending Moore's Law. In the industry, silicon (Si)-based transistors are currently adopting gate-all-around (GAA) structures and reducing channel thickness, even at the cost of decreased mobility, for maximizing gate controllability. To compensate for the reduced mobility, multi-channel structures are essential, making the fabrication process extremely challenging. Meanwhile, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are emerging as strong alternatives for the channel material in logic transistors, thanks to their ability to maintain crystallinity even when extremely thin. In the case of 2D semiconductors, introducing a dual gate structure, which has a much lower fabrication complexity, can achieve effects similar to GAA. Through this research, we have identified the fringing field originating from the common structure of elevated top contact in 2D FETs results in a high charge injection barrier. Through simulation and statistical analysis with large-area FET arrays, we confirmed that introducing a dual-gate structure in bilayer MoS2 FETs effectively compensates for the fringing field. We have confirmed that this leads to a significant boost in on-current. Remarkably, even with conventional contacts and polycrystalline materials, we observed a record-high on-current of 1.55 mA/µm. Additional circuit simulations have confirmed the potential for dual gate bilayer FETs to surpass the performance of Si GAAFETs when possessing a gate length of 5 nm, achievable only with 2D materials. Therefore, here we propose that by using 2D materials, we can focus on extreme gate length scaling and monolithic 3D integration rather than the challenging GAA process for extending Moore’s Law.
Neutral 4π-electron tetrasilacyclobutadiene contains unusual features of a Möbius-type aromatic ring
Authors: Frenking Gernot , Nazish Mohd , Roesky Herbert W. , Krawczuk Anna , Patten Tim , Huang Yuqing , Zhao Lili 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We report the isolation and characterization of the novel 4π-electron tetrasilacyclobutadiene, an analogue of a 4π neutral cyclobutadiene that exhibits surprising features of a Möbius-type aromatic ring. Reduction of RSiCl3 (R = (iPr)2PC6H4) with KC8 in the presence of cycloalkyl amino-carbene (cAAC) led to the formation of corresponding silylene 1. Compound 1 shows further reactivity when treated with RSiCl3 under reducing conditions resulting in the formation of unsymmetrical bis-silylene 2, which was isolated as a dark red crystalline solid. Compound 3 was obtained when chlorosilylene was reduced with potassium graphite in the presence of 2. Although 3 is, according to Hückel’s rule an antiaromatic system it possesses significant aromatic character due to the unusual delocalization of the HOMO-1 and the loss of degeneracy of the higher-lying π MOs. The aromatic character of 3 is indicated by the structural stability of the compound by the very similar Si-Si bond lengths and by the NICS values. There is an unusual π conjugation between the 4 π electrons in the nearly square-planar Si4 ring where the delocalization of the HOMO-1 occurs at two opposite sides of the ring. The reversal of the π conjugation resembles the twisting of the π conjugation in Möbius aromatic systems and it contributes to the stability of the compound.
Exploring the Fascinating World of Spiders: A Survey on Spider Diversity and Distribution at CUTM, Gajapati Odisha
Authors: Yadav Manish K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The present investigation aimed to record the diversity and distribution patterns of spiders within and around the MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India. Most of the spiders are not so highly mobile and an ecologically important group of arthropods, playing crucial roles in various ecosystems as both predators and prey. Most of the spiders, residing inside the agro-ecosystem, have very crucial role in the management of agricultural insect-pests. The survey employed a comprehensive sampling strategy that encompassed various habitats, including forests, agricultural farms, hostels, wetlands, and urban areas. A wide range of data have been collected during the survey, including species richness, abundance, and composition. The collected specimens were carefully identified to the species level, employing the morphological characteristics while the actual photographs with their habitats have been taken for their proper presentation in the article. Preliminary results indicate a remarkable diversity of spider species within the study area. A total number of 24 genera have been identified, residing to 8 families highlighting the importance of various ecological niches and microhabitats. The data suggest that habitat type and structural complexity play significant roles in determining spider diversity and community composition. The findings from this survey provide valuable insights into the spider fauna of the study area and concluded that family Araneidae having maximum population of individuals which is 472 followed by Oxyopidae with 277 and Salticidae with 199 number of encountered individuals. The maximum species richness was surveyed and Araneidae was recorded to be having maximum number of species (7) followed by Sparassidae (5) and Salticidae (5) at CUTM, Gajapati Odisha.
Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Optical Data Storage: Harnessing 1O2-Self-sensitization and Photoperoxidation for Information Encoding
Authors: Bonifazi Davide , Ferreira Ruben , Wirtitsch Daniel , Fletcher-Charles Jack , Lopez Sofia , Hoppe Cristina , Trupke Michael , Maggini Laura 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The increasing demand for data storage solutions presents a significant technological challenge, driven by the exponential growth of digital information and the need for more efficient, high-capacity, and durable storage mediums. Herein, dynamic covalent chemistry is exploited to develop a photowritable fluorescent system that enables information encoding by harnessing the reversible stimuli-induced covalent bond formation and breaking of an endoperoxide (EPO) species. Specifically, an O-doped anthracenyl derivative capable of efficient 1O2-self-sensitization and reversible EPO formation via [4 + 2] cycloaddition is investigated. The system exhibits rapid EPO generation in solution and solid-state configurations, associated with a stark colorimetric change from pink to colorless, accompanied by a quenching of the compound’s orange fluorescence. The system displays good reversibility upon thermal treatment, recovering its initial features. Integration into polymeric matrices allows the production of photowritable films without affecting the molecule’s capability to generate 1O2 and form EPO. A binary data storage system with 20.2 MB in–2 capacity is engineered, where the encoding of bits is linked to the material's UV–vis emission properties. Precise information encoding and retrieval with micrometer precision on film surfaces is demonstrated, including flexible materials.
Biological Atrazine Removal from Low-Strength Wastewater by Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor and Upflow Fixed Bed Bioreactor: Performance and Kinetic Analysis
Authors: Kamanmalek Sara , Rahmatabad Ali Dabestani , Borghei Seyed Mehdi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Atrazine (ATZ) is a commonly used herbicide that can pose risks to the environment and human health. Despite the effectiveness of bioreactors in treating organic compounds, their performance in removing atrazine from low-strength wastewater is not yet fully understood. This study investigates the effectiveness of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and upflow fixed bed bioreactor (FBBR) in removing atrazine from low-strength wastewater. To evaluate the impacts of environmental conditions on atrazine biodegradability, experiments were conducted at different atrazine concentrations, hydraulic retention times, and nutrient ratios. All experiments were conducted at COD of 200 mg/L to evaluate bioreactor effectiveness in removing atrazine from low-strength wastewater. The results suggest that both FBBR and MBBR are effective in removing atrazine and COD, with FBBR showing higher removal efficiency. The average and maximum atrazine removal efficiency was 41.8% and 75.2% in MBBR, and 48.3% and 81.6% in FBBR, respectively. Higher nitrogen levels decreased atrazine removal, while higher HRTs and initial atrazine concentrations improved removal efficiency in both bioreactors. The constant values of modified Stover-Kincannon model for KB and Umax were calculated as 4.15 and 1.49 𝑔𝐴TZ . 𝐿-1.𝑑-1 in MBBR, and 5.73 and 2.30 𝑔𝐴TZ . 𝐿-1.𝑑-1 in FBBR. This study contributes to the development of efficient and cost-effective strategies for wastewater treatment.