bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TCF-1 Controls ILC2 and NKp46+RORγt+ Innate Lymphocyte Differentiation and Protection in Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Mielke Lisa A. , Groom Joanna R. , Rankin Lucille C. , Seillet Cyril , Masson Frederick , Putoczki Tracy , Belz Gabrielle T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Innate lymphocyte populations play a central role in conferring protective immunity at the mucosal frontier. In this study, we demonstrate that T cell factor 1 (TCF-1; encoded by Tcf7), a transcription factor also important for NK and T cell differentiation, is expressed by multiple innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets, including GATA3+ nuocytes (ILC2) and NKp46+ ILCs (ILC3), which confer protection against lung and intestinal inflammation. TCF-1 was intrinsically required for the differentiation of both ILC2 and NKp46+ ILC3. Loss of TCF-1 expression impaired the capacity of these ILC subsets to produce IL-5, IL-13, and IL-22 and resulted in crippled responses to intestinal infection with Citrobacter rodentium. Furthermore, a reduction in T-bet expression required for Notch-2–dependent development of NKp46+ ILC3 showed a dose-dependent reduction in TCF-1 expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an essential requirement for TCF-1 in ILC2 differentiation and reveal a link among Tcf7, Notch, and Tbx21 in NKp46+ ILC3 development.
Regulation of the Development of the Hepatic B Cell Compartment duringSchistosoma mansoniInfection
Authors: Fairfax Keke C. , Everts Bart , Smith Amber M. , Pearce Edward J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDuring infection with the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni, Ab regulates hepatic inflammation, and local production of Ig in the liver appears to play a role in this process. Exploring the development of the B cell response during infection, we found that parasite-specific IgG1-secreting plasma cells appeared first in the hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) and then at later times in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The LN B cell population peaked between weeks 10 and 12 of infection, and then contracted at a time that coincided with the expansion of the hepatic IgG1+ B cell compartment, suggesting that B cells migrate from LNs to liver. CXCL9 and -16 expression in the liver increased during the time frame of B cell recruitment. Expression of the CXCL16 receptor CXCR6 was increased on B cells within the hepatic LNs, but not the mesenteric LNs. CXCR3, the receptor for CXCL9, was broadly expressed on IgG1+ B cells in LNs and liver during infection. Increased hepatic expression of CXCL9 and -16 failed to occur if the IL-10R was blocked in vivo, an intervention associated with decreased liver B cell infiltration and the development of severe disease. Hepatic LN IgG1+ cells migrated toward CXCL9 and -16 in vitro and to the liver in a pertussis toxin–sensitive fashion. Our data suggest that the coordinated expression of CXCL9 and -16 in the liver and of CXCR6 and CXCR3 on responding B cells within the hepatic LNs underpins establishment of the hepatic B cell infiltrate during chronic schistosomiasis.
A brief history of geological exploration on the Foxe Lowland and adjacent terrains of southern Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: McCracken A D 
Published: September 2013

Geological study of southern Baffin Island has had a long history and continues to the present. The discovery of what was thought to be gold in rock collected during the 1576 voyage of M. Frobisher prompted mining voyages back to Frobisher Bay in 1577 and 1578.
The next expedition of geological significance was that of C.F. Hall in 1861. Hall discovered and named Silliman's Fossil Mount and returned with several fossil collections. Other explorers in the late 19th century who made geological observations include F. Boas, E.J. Peck, R.W. Porter, and, from
the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), R. Bell. Between 1900 and 1930 there were numerous expeditions into the Foxe Lowland. These included those of A.P. Low, L.T. Burwash, J.D. Soper, L.J. Weeks, and M.H. Haycock for the Canadian Government, and B.A. Hantzsch (Germany), and G.P. Putnam and S.K.
Roy (U.S.A). In the 1940s, another visit was made to Silliman's Fossil Mount, this time by American A.K. Miller. Renewed GSC interest began with mapping in 1949 led by Y.O. Fortier. This work continued through to R.G. Blackadar's Operation Amadjuak in 1965, which completed the reconnaissance mapping
of the geology of southern Baffin Island. Recent GSC parties have concentrated on the Ordovician (G. MacAuley, B.V. Sanford, and others) in the late 1980s, and the Precambrian in 1990s (D. Scott and others). A return to the amateur-led expeditions in the tradition of Hall and Putnam was S. Bart's
1996 American Expedition. Geological interest in the Baffin region continues since the creation of Nunavut in 1999.
Application of Local Axial Flaps to Scalp Reconstruction
Authors: Zayakova Yolanda , Stanev Anton , Mihailov Hristo , Pashaliev Nicolai 
Published: September 2013

Background Scalp defects may be caused by various etiological factors, and they represent a significant surgical and aesthetic concern. Various surgical techniques can be applied for reconstructive work such as primary closure, skin grafting, pedicled or free flaps. In this article, the authors share their clinical experience with scalp operations using the technique of local flaps and discuss the application of this method from the perspective of not only the size of the defect, but also in relation to the anatomical area, quality of surrounding tissue, and patient's condition.
Methods During the period from December 2007 to December 2012, 13 patients with various scalp defects, aged 11 to 86 years, underwent reconstruction with local pedicle flaps. The indications were based on the patients' condition (age, sex, quality of surrounding tissue, and comorbidities) and wound parameters. Depending on the size of the defects, they were classified into three groups as follows: large, 20 to 50 cm2; very large, 50 to 100 cm2; extremely large, 100 cm2. The location was defined as peripheral (frontal, temporal, occipital), central, or combined (more than one area). We performed reconstruction with 11 single transposition flaps and 1 bipedicle with a skin graft on the donor area, and 2 advancement flaps in 1 patient.
Results In all of the patients, complete tissue coverage was achieved. The recovery was relatively quick, without hematoma, seroma, or infections. The flaps survived entirely.
Conclusions Local flaps are widely used in scalp reconstruction since they provide healthy, stable, hair-bearing tissue and require a short healing time for the patients.
Disturbance‐induced responses of VHF and satellite tagged harbour seals
Authors: Andersen Signe M. , Teilmann Jonas , Dietz Rune , Schmidt Niels M. , Miller Lee A. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe response of individual harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) to controlled and sporadic disturbances when hauled out in the Anholt seal reserve, Denmark, was studied. Sporadic disturbances from pedestrians, boats, low‐flying aeroplanes and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) were observed in or near the reserve. VHF and satellite transmitters were attached to eight harbour seals to determine post‐disturbance and undisturbed behaviour during the pre‐breeding period (25 April to 21 May 2008).Both disturbed and undisturbed seals mostly returned to the haul‐out site from dusk and throughout the night. Only pedestrian disturbances caused significantly longer‐lasting trips at sea than undisturbed trips, while the other types of disturbance did not affect trip duration. The general maximum extent and area‐use of disturbed and undisturbed trips were comparable and almost all at‐sea locations were within 40 km from the haul‐out site. The maximum extent of post‐disturbance trips, however, varied among individuals and disturbance types, and was strongly correlated with the duration of trips.Disturbed and undisturbed seals used the same areas, suggesting that these areas represent normal foraging areas. This may indicate that harbour seals reduce the cost of being disturbed by foraging after disturbances instead of waiting close to the haul‐out site to resume hauling out.During the pre‐breeding period the seals showed a very high site fidelity by consistently returning to the same haul‐out site, even when subjected to repeated disturbances. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat shock protein 32/heme oxygenase‐1 protects mouse Sertoli cells from hyperthermia‐induced apoptosis by CO activation of sGC signalling pathways
Authors: Li Lian , Li Cheng‐Min , Wu Jie , Huang Shuai , Wang Gen‐Lin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHeat shock protein 32 (Hsp32)/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) may be a key enzyme for the protection of cells against stress. Its anti‐apoptotic effect has been attributed to its product, carbon monoxide (CO), in many types of cells. However, whether its anti‐apoptotic mechanism plays a role in Sertoli cells (SCs) is not yet clear. We hypothesise that Hsp32/HO‐1 and CO generated from it provide survival advantages in SCs by preventing apoptosis under heat exposure. After treatment of cultured SCs with hyperthermia and/or Hsp32/HO‐1 activater hemin, apoptosis was measured valuated by annexin V‐FITC and caspase‐3 activation. We have also analysed the Hsp32/HO‐1‐derived CO content of cultured media and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hyperthermia induced SCs apoptosis, while preincubation with hemin suppressed SC hyperthermia‐induced apoptosis. Hyperthermia and/or hemin increase Hsp32/HO‐1 gene expression and the production of CO, which, in turn, stimulates the generation of cGMP. The results suggest that Hsp32/HO‐1 is a protective factor in heat‐stressed SCs, and that CO generated from Hsp32/HO‐1 is involved in the anti‐apoptotic pathway.
A Complete Guide on the Influence of Metal Clusters in the Diels–Alder Regioselectivity of Ih‐C80 Endohedral Metallofullerenes
Authors: Garcia‐Borràs Marc , Osuna Sílvia , Luis Josep M. , Swart Marcel , Solà Miquel 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe chemical functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) has aroused considerable interest due to the possibility of synthesizing new species with potential applications in materials science and medicine. Experimental and theoretical studies on the reactivity of endohedral metallofullerenes are scarce. To improve our understanding of the endohedral metallofullerene reactivity, we have systematically studied with DFT methods the Diels–Alder cycloaddition between s‐cis‐1,3‐butadiene and practically all X@Ih‐C80 EMFs synthesized to date: X=Sc3N, Lu3N, Y3N, La2, Y3, Sc3C2, Sc4C2, Sc3CH, Sc3NC, Sc4O2 and Sc4O3. We have studied both the thermodynamic and kinetic regioselectivity, taking into account the free rotation of the metallic cluster inside the fullerene. This systematic study has been made possible through the use of the frozen cage model (FCM), a computationally cheap approach to accurately predicting the exohedral regioselectivity of cycloaddition reactions in EMFs. Our results show that the EMFs are less reactive than the hollow Ih‐C80 cage. Except for the Y3 cluster, the additions occur predominantly at the [5,6] bond. In many cases, however, a mixture of the two possible regioisomers is predicted. In general, [6,6] addition is favored in EMFs that have a larger charge transfer from the metal cluster to the cage or a voluminous metal cluster inside. The present guide represents the first complete and exhaustive investigation of the reactivity of Ih‐C80‐based EMFs.
Synthesis of gem‐Difluoromethylenated Spiro‐γ‐butyrolactones by Employing PhSCF2Si(CH3)3 as a gem‐Difluoromethylenating Agent
Authors: Chatupheeraphat Adisak , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima , Tuchinda Patoomratana , Reutrakul Vichai , Pakawatchai Chaveng , Saithong Saowanit , Pohmakotr Manat 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPhSCF2TMS was utilized as a useful gem‐difluoromethylene building block for the synthesis of gem‐difluoromethylenated spiro‐γ‐butyrolactones. The radical cyclization of γ‐alkenyl‐γ‐gem‐difluoro(phenylsulfanyl)methyl‐γ‐butyrolactones provided gem‐difluoromethylenated spiro‐γ‐butyrolactones.
Genes contributing to subcortical volumes and intellectual ability implicate the thalamus
Authors: Bohlken Marc M. , Brouwer Rachel M. , Mandl René C.W. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Brans Rachel G.H. , van Baal G. Caroline M. , de Geus Eco J.C. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIt has been shown that brain volume and general intellectual ability are to a significant extent influenced by the same genetic factors. Several cortical regions of the brain also show a genetic correlation with intellectual ability, demonstrating that intellectual functioning is probably represented in a heritable distributed network of cortical regions throughout the brain. This study is the first to investigate a genetic association between subcortical volumes and intellectual ability, taking into account the thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens using an extended twin design. Genetic modeling was performed on a healthy adult twin sample consisting of 106 twin pairs and 30 of their siblings, IQ data was obtained from 132 subjects. Our results demonstrate that of all subcortical volumes measured, only thalamus volume is significantly correlated with intellectual functioning. Importantly, the association found between thalamus volume and intellectual ability is significantly influenced by a common genetic factor. This genetic factor is also implicated in cerebral brain volume. The thalamus, with its widespread cortical connections, may thus play a key role in human intelligence. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2632–2642, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postconcussional disorder and PTSD symptoms of military‐related traumatic brain injury associated with compromised neurocircuitry
Authors: Yeh Ping‐Hong , Wang Binquan , Oakes Terrence R. , French Louis M. , Pan Hai , Graner John , Liu Wei , Riedy Gerard 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common combat injury, often through explosive blast, and produces heterogeneous brain changes due to various mechanisms of injury. It is unclear whether the vulnerability of white matter differs between blast and impact injury, and the consequences of microstructural changes on neuropsychological function are poorly understood in military TBI patients. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques were used to assess the neurocircuitry in 37 US service members (29 mild, 7 moderate, 1 severe; 17 blast and 20 nonblast), who sustained a TBI while deployed, compared to 14 nondeployed, military controls. High‐dimensional deformable registration of MRI diffusion tensor data was followed by fiber tracking and tract‐specific analysis along with region‐of‐interest analysis. DTI results were examined in relation to post‐concussion and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The most prominent white matter microstructural injury for both blast and nonblast patients was in the frontal fibers within the fronto‐striatal (corona radiata, internal capsule) and fronto‐limbic circuits (fornix, cingulum), the fronto‐parieto‐occipital association fibers, in brainstem fibers, and in callosal fibers. Subcortical superior‐inferiorly oriented tracts were more vulnerable to blast injury than nonblast injury, while direct impact force had more detrimental effects on anterior‐posteriorly oriented tracts, which tended to cause heterogeneous left and right hemispheric asymmetries of white matter connectivity. The tractography using diffusion anisotropy deficits revealed the cortico‐striatal‐thalamic‐cerebellar‐cortical (CSTCC) networks, where increased post‐concussion and PTSD symptoms were associated with low fractional anisotropy in the major nodes of compromised CSTCC neurocircuitry, and the consequences on cognitive function were explored as well. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2652–2673, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential developmental trajectories of magnetic susceptibility in human brain gray and white matter over the lifespan
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Bing , Batrachenko Anastasia , Bancroft‐Wu Vivian , Morey Rajendra A. , Shashi Vandana , Langkammer Christian , De Bellis Michael D. , Ropele Stefan , Song Allen W. , Liu Chunlei 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTAs indicated by several recent studies, magnetic susceptibility of the brain is influenced mainly by myelin in the white matter and by iron deposits in the deep nuclei. Myelination and iron deposition in the brain evolve both spatially and temporally. This evolution reflects an important characteristic of normal brain development and ageing. In this study, we assessed the changes of regional susceptibility in the human brain in vivo by examining the developmental and ageing process from 1 to 83 years of age. The evolution of magnetic susceptibility over this lifespan was found to display differential trajectories between the gray and the white matter. In both cortical and subcortical white matter, an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase in magnetic susceptibility was observed, which could be fitted by a Poisson curve. In the gray matter, including the cortical gray matter and the iron‐rich deep nuclei, magnetic susceptibility displayed a monotonic increase that can be described by an exponential growth. The rate of change varied according to functional and anatomical regions of the brain. For the brain nuclei, the age‐related changes of susceptibility were in good agreement with the findings from R2* measurement. Our results suggest that magnetic susceptibility may provide valuable information regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of brain myelination and iron deposition during brain maturation and ageing. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2698–2713, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional characterization and differential coactivation patterns of two cytoarchitectonic visual areas on the human posterior fusiform gyrus
Authors: Caspers Julian , Zilles Karl , Amunts Katrin , Laird Angela R. , Fox Peter T. , Eickhoff Simon B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe ventral stream of the human extrastriate visual cortex shows a considerable functional heterogeneity from early visual processing (posterior) to higher, domain‐specific processing (anterior). The fusiform gyrus hosts several of those “high‐level” functional areas. We recently found a subdivision of the posterior fusiform gyrus on the microstructural level, that is, two distinct cytoarchitectonic areas, FG1 and FG2 (Caspers et al., Brain Structure & Function, 2013). To gain a first insight in the function of these two areas, here we studied their behavioral involvement and coactivation patterns by means of meta‐analytic connectivity modeling based on the BrainMap database (www.brainmap.org), using probabilistic maps of these areas as seed regions. The coactivation patterns of the areas support the concept of a common involvement in a core network subserving different cognitive tasks, that is, object recognition, visual language perception, or visual attention. In addition, the analysis supports the previous cytoarchitectonic parcellation, indicating that FG1 appears as a transitional area between early and higher visual cortex and FG2 as a higher‐order one. The latter area is furthermore lateralized, as it shows strong relations to the visual language processing system in the left hemisphere, while its right side is stronger associated with face selective regions. These findings indicate that functional lateralization of area FG2 relies on a different pattern of connectivity rather than side‐specific cytoarchitectonic features. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2754–2767, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of superficial white matter and its structural interplay with cortical gray matter in children and adolescents
Authors: Wu Minjie , Lu Lisa H. , Lowes Allison , Yang Shaolin , Passarotti Alessandra M. , Zhou Xiaohong J. , Pavuluri Mani N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHealthy human brain undergoes significant changes during development. The developmental trajectory of superficial white matter (SWM) is less understood relative to cortical gray matter (GM) and deep white matter. In this study, a multimodal imaging strategy was applied to vertexwise map SWM microstructure and cortical thickness to characterize their developmental pattern and elucidate SWM‐GM associations in children and adolescents. Microscopic changes in SWM were evaluated with water diffusion parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in 133 healthy subjects aged 10–18 years. Results demonstrated distinct maturational patterns in SWM and GM. SWM showed increasing FA and decreasing MD and RD underneath bilateral motor sensory cortices and superior temporal auditory cortex, suggesting increasing myelination. A second developmental pattern in SWM was increasing FA and AD in bilateral orbitofrontal regions and insula, suggesting improved axonal coherence. These SWM patterns diverge from the more widespread GM maturation, suggesting that cortical thickness changes in adolescence are not explained by the encroachment of SWM myelin into the GM‐WM boundary. Interestingly, age‐independent intrinsic association between SWM and cortical GM seems to follow functional organization of polymodal and unimodal brain regions. Unimodal sensory areas showed positive correlation between GM thickness and FA whereas polymodal regions showed negative correlation. Axonal coherence and differences in interstitial neuron composition between unimodal and polymodal regions may account for these SWM‐GM association patterns. Intrinsic SWM‐GM relationships unveiled by neuroimaging in vivo can be useful for examining psychiatric disorders with known WM/GM disturbances. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2806–2816, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive and behavioral correlates of caudate subregion shape variation in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Peng Daniel X. , Kelley Ryan G. , Quintin Eve‐Marie , Raman Mira , Thompson Paul M. , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIndividuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) exhibit frontal lobe‐associated cognitive and behavioral deficits, including impaired general cognitive abilities, perseverative behaviors, and social difficulties. Neural signals related to these functions are communicated through frontostriatal circuits, which connect with distinct regions of the caudate nucleus (CN). Enlargement of the CN is the most robust and reproduced neuroanatomical abnormality in FXS, but very little is known on how this affects behavioral/cognitive outcomes in this condition. Here, we investigated topography within focal regions of the CN associated with prefrontal circuitry and its link with aberrant behavior and intellect in FXS. Imaging data were acquired from 48 individuals with FXS, 28 IQ‐matched controls without FXS (IQ‐CTL), and 36 typically developing controls (TD‐CTL). Of the total participant count, cognitive and behavioral assessment data were obtained from 44 individuals with FXS and 27 participants in the IQ‐CTL group. CN volume and topography were compared between groups. Correlations were performed between CN topography and cognitive as well as behavioral measures within FXS and IQ‐CTL groups. As expected, the FXS group had larger CN compared with both IQ‐CTL and TD‐CTL groups. Correlations between focal CN topography and frontal lobe‐associated cognitive and behavioral deficits in the FXS group supported the hypothesis that CN enlargement is related to abnormal orbitofrontal‐caudate and dorsolateral‐caudate circuitry in FXS. These findings deepen our understanding of neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying cognitive‐behavioral problems in FXS and hold promise for informing future behavioral and psychopharmacological interventions targeting specific neural pathways. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2861–2868, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.