bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Water Quality Assessment: A Multiparametric Analysis of Microbiological Changes in River Waters
Authors: Boi P. , Amalfitano S. , Manti A. , Semprucci F. , Sisti D. , Rocchi M. B. , Balsamo M. , Papa S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRiver waters are classified worldwide in relation to their chemical quality status, which is assessed by the presence of inorganic and organic pollutants. Meanwhile, microbiological quality evaluations are based mainly on the occurrence of pathogens and faecal contaminants, which are indirectly retrieved by standard cultivation methods. In this study, the structural dynamics of a riverine bacterioplankton community were investigated through a quantitative single‐cell approach with the use of flow cytometry for the quantification of total, viable and active cells. Furthermore, catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD)‐FISH was used for the evaluation of Proteobacteria and Cytophaga–Flavobacteria bacterial classes. The aim was to identify the major cytometric and phylogenetic cell groups that most representatively reflect the physical and chemical changes occurring in an upland‐to‐lowland transect along a human‐impacted river (the Foglia River, Italy). The use of CARD‐FISH to obtain cell abundance measurements of specific taxonomic clusters enabled different microbial propagation dynamics along the river transects to be identified. Furthermore, our results highlighted that the multiparametric approach with flow cytometry produces basic microbiological parameters in a reasonable time span that is consistent with the requirements for an early warning monitoring strategy with respect to integrated riverine water quality assessments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying fair payment after outsourcing – a case study
Authors: Eveleens Laurenz , Kampstra Peter , Verhoef Chris 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAfter outsourcing, issues can arise between the outsourcing organization and their third parties about fair payment. In a ceteris paribus situation, fair payment can be determined based on the differences made by the third parties. However, when information technology development is (partly) outsourced to third parties, often, not only does the supplier change, but the development process is also changed. This change of development process alone influences important software metrics, such as time to market, productivity, costs, size, and quality, exactly the metrics that are often used to establish payments. Quantifying the influence of the development process redesign is therefore vital to make a fair assessment of the changes truly caused by the supplier, and thus realistic payment.In this paper, the influence of the change in the development process on important key performance indicators is quantified using simulation techniques. We use discrete event simulation to analyze the effect on time to market. The techniques we use are illustrated and validated by applying them in a real‐world situation. The techniques can be used to estimate the influence of the business process change both before outsourcing and after the outsourcing has been decided. Our case study helped the organization in their outsourcing by adapting its proposed development process so that the balance between a more formal process and time to market became more in line with their demands. Although the specific numbers will be different per company, other organizations can apply the general principle. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐layer resource control and scheduling for improving interactivity in Android
Authors: Huh Sungju , Yoo Jonghun , Hong Seongsoo 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAndroid smartphones are often reported to suffer from sluggish user interactions due to poor interactivity. This is partly because Android and its task scheduler, the completely fair scheduler (CFS), may incur perceptibly long response time to user‐interactive tasks. Particularly, the Android framework cannot systemically favor user‐interactive tasks over other background tasks since it does not distinguish between them. Furthermore, user‐interactive tasks can suffer from high dispatch latency due to the non‐preemptive nature of CFS. To address these problems, this paper presents framework‐assisted task characterization and virtual time‐based CFS. The former is a cross‐layer resource control mechanism between the Android framework and the underlying Linux kernel. It identifies user‐interactive tasks at the framework‐level, by using the notion of a user‐interactive task chain. It then enables the kernel scheduler to selectively promote the priorities of worker tasks appearing in the task chain to reduce the preemption latency. The latter is a cross‐layer refinement of CFS in terms of interactivity. It allows a task to be preempted at every predefined period. It also adjusts the virtual runtimes of the identified user‐interactive tasks to ensure that they are always scheduled prior to the other tasks in the run‐queue when they wake up. As a result, the dispatch latency of a user‐interactive task is reduced to a small value. We have implemented our approach into Android 4.1.2 running with Linux kernel 3.0.31. Experimental results show that the response time of a user interaction is reduced by up to 77.35% while incurring only negligible overhead. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MuRanker: a mutant ranking tool
Authors: Namin Akbar Siami , Xue Xiaozhen , Rosas Omar , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMutation testing is a fault‐based software testing technique in which a large number of mutants are generated in order to assess the adequacy of test cases devised. One of the daunting problems in this area consists in determining whether a mutant can be killed by a test case or it cannot be killed easily because the mutant is semantically equivalent to the original programme. A possible solution, as proposed in this paper, is to measure the complexity of each mutant and prioritize them according to how easy or hard they are to be exposed. As a result, using a proper metric based on the mutants' complexity, the tester may decide whether to focus on killing easy or hard mutants first.This paper introduces MuRanker, a mutation ranking tool that ranks mutants according to their predicted difficulty and complexity in being detected. The tool uses distance functions to decide the difficulty level of mutants. The computation of the distance function score is based on three representations, namely the control‐flow‐graph representation, the Jimple representation and the information captured through the code coverage data to differentiate the changes in the original and mutant programs. The tool generates a report that displays mutants in an ordered list based on their complexity. Using this tool, the tester can choose mutants and then devise appropriate test cases with the goal of killing them. The mutation ranking idea and the developed tool allow the software tester to save substantial time and effort on a task that, otherwise, would require the user to manually identify the difficult mutants. To our knowledge, MuRanker is the first mutation tool that proposes ranking mutants to facilitate mutation testing.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the impact of D2D traffic offloading on energy efficiency in green LTE‐A HetNets
Authors: Yaacoub Elias , Ghazzai Hakim , Alouini Mohamed‐Slim , Abu‐Dayya Adnan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the interplay between cooperative device‐to‐device (D2D) communications and green cellular communications in the long term evolution (LTE) and LTE‐advanced (LTE‐A) cellular systems is investigated. An efficient approach for grouping mobile terminals (MTs) into cooperative clusters is described. In each cluster, MTs cooperate via D2D communications to share content of common interest. In addition, an energy‐efficient approach for putting base stations in sleep mode in an LTE‐A heterogeneous network is presented. Finally, both methods are combined in order to ensure green communications for both the users' MTs and the operator's base stations. The presented techniques are investigated in the framework of orthogonal frequency division multiple access‐based state‐of‐the‐art LTE cellular networks, while taking resource allocation and intercell interference into account. Results show that the proposed approach leads to energy savings for both the operator and the MTs, while leading to enhanced quality of service for mobile users. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐aware supply route data collecting methods using wireless sensor networks
Authors: Huang Shih‐Chang , Chang Hong‐Yi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn military action, marching is a common method used for supply‐troop movement. Supply routes are typically in the wilderness where the route conditions change over time. This paper proposes a power‐saving algorithm allowing supply troops to collect route information using wireless sensor network technology. Each member in the marching supply troop is equipped with a battery‐powered sensor. To save power consumption, the proposed methods schedule the sleeping period for each member according to the size of the marching supply troop and its moving velocity. Two data carrying methods are proposed to reduce the frequency of long‐distance data uploading. The first method allows the uploaded data to be carried within a single‐round data collection period, and the second method extends the data carrying period to multiple rounds. The simulation results show that scheduling a sleep period can prolong the sensing distance along the route. These two proposed methods can add an additional 18–70% in distance data over methods without scheduling a sleep period. The energy spent on long‐distance data transmissions can be improved by 7–25%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotion, philosophical issues about
Authors: Deonna Julien , Tappolet Christine , Teroni Fabrice 
Published: January 2015

We start this overview by discussing the place of emotions within the broader affective domain—how different are emotions from moods, sensations, and affective dispositions? Next, we examine the way emotions relate to their objects, emphasizing in the process their intimate relations to values. We move from this inquiry into the nature of emotion to an inquiry into their epistemology. Do they provide reasons for evaluative judgments and, more generally, do they contribute to our knowledge of values? We then address the question of the social dimension of emotions, explaining how the traditional nature versus nurture contrast applies to them. We finish by exploring the relations between emotions, motivation and action, concluding this overview with a more specific focus on how these relations bear on some central ethical issues.WIREs Cogn Sci2015, 6:193–207. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1342This article is categorized under:Philosophy > Value
Alterations in spatial memory and anxiety in the MAM E17 rat model of hippocampal pathology in schizophrenia
Authors: Gastambide Francois , Taylor Amy M. , Palmer Clare , Svard Heta , Karjalainen Maija , Janhunen Sanna K. , Tricklebank Mark , Bannerman David M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAdult rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) at embryonic day 17 (E17) display robust pathological alterations in the hippocampus. However, discrepancies exist in the literature regarding the behavioural effects of this pre-natal manipulation. Therefore, a systematic assessment of MAM E17-induced behavioural alterations was conducted using a battery of dorsal and ventral hippocampus-dependent tests. Compared to saline controls, MAM E17-treated rats displayed deficits in spatial reference memory in both the aversive hidden platform watermaze task and an appetitive Y-maze task. Deficits in the spatial reference memory watermaze task were replicated across three different cohorts and two laboratories. In contrast, there was little, or no, effect on the non-spatial, visible platform watermaze task or an appetitive, non-spatial, visual discrimination task, respectively. MAM rats were also impaired in the spatial novelty preference task which assesses short-term memory, and displayed reduced anxiety levels in the elevated plus maze task. Thus, MAM E17 administration resulted in abnormal spatial information processing and reduced anxiety in a number of hippocampus-dependent behavioural tests, paralleling the effects of dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesions, respectively. These findings corroborate recent pathological and physiological studies, further highlighting the usefulness of MAM E17 as a model of hippocampal dysfunction in at least some aspects of schizophrenia.
Experimental island invasion of house mice
Authors: Nathan Helen W. , Clout Mick N. , MacKay Jamie W. B. , Murphy Elaine C. , Russell James C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe ability of invasive species to recurrently establish populations from small numbers of founders, while threatened species struggle at the same low population sizes, is a paradox in conservation biology. Little is known about the mechanisms contributing to the post‐arrival success of low density invasive populations as most invasive species research focuses on established, high density populations. Experimental studies are powerful, but generally limited to laboratory or invertebrate experiments. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that vertebrate mammal invasion from a very small (n= 2) number of founders follows relatively simple deterministic predictions. An intentional island invasion of introduced house mice (Mus musculusLinnaeus) from one founding pair closely tracked the density dependent logistic growth curve and reached the seasonal carrying capacity of a previously extant population in only 5 months. Carrying capacity reflected both density dependent and independent processes. In contrast to the previously incumbent population, the invading population retained a marked genetic signal of its recent founder event, but the populations were otherwise demographically indistinguishable. Stochastic events such as individual variability, supplemental immigration and ecological release, but not Allee effects, played important roles during colonisation, but following establishment dynamics rapidly became deterministic, with little demographic impact of reduced genetic diversity. The small population paradigm appears to have little influence on the population dynamics of highly successful invasive species.
Evaluation of transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization: a single surgeon experience
Authors: LaBella G. D. , Main W. P. L. , Hussain L. R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background

There is an increasing, though still limited, amount of evidence describing the use of the transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) device for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. This study assesses postoperative outcomes from a single surgeon experience with the THD device.

Methods
From January 2009 to December 2011, 108 THD procedures were performed. With Doppler guidance, the THD device makes possible precise ligation of the branches of the superior hemorrhoidal artery. Patients were seen postoperatively at 3 weeks and 6 months. They underwent physical examination to determine whether there was recurrence of hemorrhoidal prolapse. They were asked to describe any bleeding, to rate pain using the visual analog scale, and to rate their level of satisfaction on a scale of 1–5 (with 5 = highly satisfied). A phone interview was used for follow-up at 1 year to determine the rate of recurrent prolapse.

Results
Of the 108 patients who underwent THD, two were lost to follow-up and excluded. All of the remaining 106 patients completed follow-up at 3 weeks and 6 months. At 3 weeks, 92 % of patients had no pain and 88 % were highly satisfied with the procedure at 3 weeks. This increased to 92 % satisfaction at 1 year. Prolapse recurrence was 7.5 % at 6 months and 10.3 % at 1 year. Bleeding was the most common complication, but did not require re-intervention or transfusion.

Conclusions
THD is a same-day procedure for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease that is safe and effective, and offers the potential for immediate return to normal activity.
Surgical Team Mapping: Implications for Staff Allocation and Coordination
Authors: Sykes Mark , Gillespie Brigid M. , Chaboyer Wendy , Kang Evelyn 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPerioperative team membership consistency is not well researched despite being essential in reducing patient harm. We describe perioperative team membership and staffing across four surgical specialties in an Australian hospital. We analyzed staffing and case data using social network analysis, descriptive statistics, and bivariate correlations and mapped 100 surgical procedures with 171 staff members who were shared across four surgical teams, including 103 (60.2%) nurses. Eighteen of 171 (10.5%) staff members were regularly shared across teams, including 12 nurses, five anesthetists, and one registrar. We found weak but significant correlations between the number of staff (P < .001), procedure start time (P < .001), length of procedure (P < .05), and patient acuity (P < .001). Using mapping, personnel can be identified who may informally influence multiple team cultures, and nurses (ie, the majority of team members in surgery) can lead the development of highly functioning surgical teams.
Guideline Implementation: Surgical Attire
Authors: Cowperthwaite Liz , Holm Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSurgical attire helps protect patients from microorganisms that may be shed from the hair and skin of perioperative personnel. The updated AORN “Guideline for surgical attire” provides guidance on scrub attire, shoes, head coverings, and masks worn in the semirestricted and restricted areas of the perioperative setting, as well as how to handle personal items (eg, jewelry, backpacks, cell phones) that may be taken into the perioperative suite. This article focuses on key points of the guideline to help perioperative personnel adhere to facility policies and regulatory requirements for attire. The key points address the potential benefits of wearing scrub attire made of antimicrobial fabric, covering the arms when in the restricted area of the surgical suite, removing or confining jewelry when wearing scrub attire, disinfecting personal items that will be taken into the perioperative suite, and sending reusable attire to a health care–accredited laundry facility after use. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
The effects of atomoxetine on emotional control in adults with ADHD: An integrated analysis of multicenter studies
Authors: Asherson P. , Stes S. , Nilsson Markhed M. , Berggren L. , Svanborg P. , Kutzelnigg A. , Deberdt W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the effects of atomoxetine on emotional control in adults with ADHD.Methods:We performed an integrated analysis using individual patient data pooled from three Eli Lilly-sponsored studies. An integrated analysis can be viewed as a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data, rather than study-level summary data.Results:Two populations were identified: a large sample of patients with pre-treatment baseline data (the “overall population”; n = 2846); and a subset of these patients with placebo-controlled efficacy data from baseline to 10 or 12 weeks after initiating treatment (the “placebo-controlled population”; n = 829). At baseline, in the overall population, ∼50% of ADHD patients had BRIEF-AS (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Self-Report) Emotional control subscores between 21 and 30, compared with ∼10% of normative subjects in the BRIEF-A manual. At endpoint, in the placebo-controlled population, atomoxetine led to a small (effect size 0.19) but significant (P = 0.013) treatment effect for emotional control. The effect size was 0.32 in patients with BRIEF-AS Emotional control scores > 20 at baseline. Improvements in emotional control correlated with improvements in the core ADHD symptoms and quality-of-life.Discussion:As deficient emotional control is associated with impaired social, educational and occupational functioning over and above that explained by core ADHD symptoms alone, improvements in emotional control may be clinically relevant.Conclusion:At baseline, adults with ADHD were more likely to have impaired emotional control than normative subjects. In the adult ADHD patients, atomoxetine treatment was associated with improvements in emotional control, as well as in core ADHD symptoms and quality-of-life.
Sexual differences in long‐term effects of prenatal chronic mild stress on anxiety‐like behavior and stress‐induced regional glutamate receptor expression in rat offspring
Authors: Wang Yan , Ma Yuchao , Cheng Wenwen , Jiang Han , Zhang Xinxin , Li Min , Ren Jintao , Zhang Xiaosong , Li Xiaobai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSevere adverse life events during pregnancy may increase the risk of anxiety disorders in the offspring. Glutamate receptors are neurobiological targets in anxiety disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of prenatal chronic mild stress (PCMS) on anxiety‐like behavior by using elevated plus maze (EPM), and evaluated the effects of PCMS and/or anxiogenic challenge on glutamate receptors in different brain regions. Our results showed that PCMS increased anxiety‐like behavior in both male and female offspring. Moreover, compared with the male naïve rats, male EPM rats showed a significant reduction of mGluR2/3 in the prefrontal cortex, mGluR1 and mGluR2/3 in the hippocampus, and increments of mGluR5, NR1, NR2B and PSD95 in the amygdala. In contrast, compared with female naïve rats, female EPM rats showed decreased levels of mGluR5 in the hippocampus, and mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 in the prefrontal cortex, and increased levels of NR2B and PSD95 in the amygdala. Furthermore, PCMS seemed not to affect the baseline expression of glutamate receptors in adult offspring, but induced significant alterations of them triggered by anxiogenic challenge with a sex difference. These data strengthen the pathophysiological hypothesis that prenatal stress as a risk factor involves in the development of anxiety disorder in the offspring.
Diagnostic difficulty in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Loureiro Jenifer , Menegazzo Gian Luigi , Vergamini Lucas , Pestana Roberto Carmagnani , Formiga Fernanda Bellotti , de Sousa Marcella Guilherme Carolino , Takahashi Thais Yuka , Silveira Felipe , Candelária Paulo de Azeredo Passos , Filho Dino Martini , Bin Fang Chia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA case of diagnostic difficulty facing the patient with colonic polyposis secondary to Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, but without family history and pathognomonic clinical features of the disease, is illustrated. The exams, including biopsy, led to diagnostic uncertainty and the definitive diagnosis was characterized in therapeutic of exception.