bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new mineral, chrisstanleyite, Ag2Pd3Se4, from Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon, England
Authors: Paar W. H. , Roberts A. C. , Criddle A. J. , Topa D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChrisstanleyite, Ag2Pd3Se4, is a new mineral from gold-bearing carbonate veins in Middle Devonian limestones at Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon, England. It is associated with palladian and argentian gold, fischesserite, clausthalite, eucairite, tiemannite, umangite, a Pd arsenide-antimonide (possibly mertieite II), cerussite, calcite and bromian chlorargyrite. Also present in the assemblage is a phase similar to oosterboschite, and two unknown minerals with the compositions, PdSe2 and HgPd2Se3. Chrisstanleyite occurs as composite grains of anhedral crystals ranging from a few µm to several hundred µm in size. It is opaque, has a metallic lustre and a black streak, VHN100 ranges from 371–421, mean 395 kp/mm2 (15 indentations), roughly approximating to a Mohs hardness of 5. Dcalc = 8.308 g/cm3 for the ideal formula with Z = 2. In plane-polarised reflected light, the mineral is very slightly pleochroic from very light buff to slightly grey-green buff; is weakly bireflectant and has no internal reflections. Bireflectance is weak to moderate (higher in oil). Anisotropy is moderate and rotation tints vary from rose-brown to grey-green to pale bluish grey to dark steel-blue. Polysynthetic twinning is characteristic of the mineral. Reflectance spectra and colour values are tabulated. Very little variation was noted in eleven electron-microprobe analyses on five grains, the mean is: Ag 25.3, Cu 0.17, Pd 37.5, Se 36.4, total 99.37 wt.%. The empirical formula (on the basis of ∑M + Se = 9) is (Ag2.01Cu0.02)∑2.03 Pd3.02Se3.95, ideally Ag2Pd3Se4. Chrisstanleyite is monoclinic, a 6.350(6), b 10.387(4), c 5.683(3) Å β 114.90(5)°, space group P21/m (11) or P21(4). The five strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines [d in Å (I)(hkl)] are: 2.742 (100) (–121), 2.688 (80) (–221), 2.367 (50) (140), 1.956 (100) (–321,150) and 1.829 (30) (–321, 042). The name is in honour of Dr Chris J. Stanley of The Natural History Museum in London. The mineral and its name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association.
Primitive quiescent leukemic cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia spontaneously initiate factor-independent growth in vitro in association with up-regulation of expression of interleukin-3
Authors: Holyoake Tessa L. , Jiang Xiaoyan , Jorgensen Heather G. , Graham Susan , Alcorn Michael J. , Laird Chris , Eaves Allen C. , Eaves Connie J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIt was previously shown that patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have a rare but consistently detectable population of quiescent (G0) leukemic (Philadelphia chromosome–positive and BCR-ABL–positive [BCR-ABL+]) CD34+ cells. In the study described here, most such cells expressed a primitive phenotype (CD38−, CD45RA−, CD71−, and HLA-DRlo) and cultures of these cells containing growth factors produced ultimately larger, but initially more slowly growing clones than do cultures of initially cycling CD34+ leukemic cells. Initially quiescent leukemic cells expressing BCR-ABLproliferated in single-cell cultures in the absence of added growth factors, thereby demonstrating their ability to spontaneously exit G0 and enter a continuously cycling state. Interestingly, on isolation, few of these quiescentBCR-ABL+ cells contained either interleukin-3 (IL-3) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) transcripts, whereas both were present in most cyclingBCR-ABL+ CD34+ cells. However, after 4 days of culture in the absence of added growth factors and in association with their entry into the cell cycle (as indicated by up-regulation of Ki-67 and cdc25 transcripts), IL-3 transcripts became detectable. These findings show that entry of leukemic (BCR-ABL–expressing) progenitors into a quiescent (G0) state in vivo is highest among the most primitive leukemic cell populations, associated with a down-regulation of IL-3 and G-CSF gene expression, and spontaneously reversible in association with up-regulation of IL-3 expression. These results highlight the potential physiologic relevance of quiescent CML progenitors, even in treated patients, in whom these cells would be predicted to have a proliferative advantage over their quiescent normal counterparts when cytokine concentrations are low.
Transformation of interleukin-3–dependent cells without participation of Stat5/bcl-xL: cooperation of akt with raf/erk leads to p65 nuclear factor κB–mediated antiapoptosis involving c-IAP2
Authors: Gelfanov Vasily M. , Burgess Gem S. , Litz-Jackson Sara , King Alastair J. , Marshall Mark S. , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Boswell H. Scott 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTyrosine kinase oncogenes such as p210BCR-ABL activate multiple signal pathways. As a result, it is difficult to infer the functional relevance of a pathway acting alone or in cooperation with another. One or 2 second-tier kinases represented in the p21ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-kinase) pathways (activated RafCAAX and gag-akt, respectively) were expressed in parental H7 interleukin-3 (IL-3)–dependent myeloid cells. IL-3–dependent cells served, independently, as recipients of p210BCR-ABL, which activated p21ras and PI-3-kinase pathways, including raf/erk and akt, respectively, en route to transformation. By contrast, neither RafCAAX nor gag-akt when expressed in parental cells in isolation produced factor-independent cells. On the other hand, H7 cells expressing both RafCAAX and gag-akt (H7gag-akt/RafCAAX) were transformed. Such transformation in H7gag-akt/RafCAAX was accomplished in the absence of active versions of Shc or cbl, and there was no evidence of Stat activity and only modest amounts of bcl-xL, a Stat5 transcriptional target protein, all of which characterized the cells transformed by BCR-ABL. However, H7gag-akt/RafCAAX cells and H7BCR-ABL cells cultured in the absence of IL-3 shared strikingly increased p65 nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity. Treatment of cells with a specific NFκB inhibitor, parthenolide, led to loss of NFκB activity and down-regulation of antiapoptotic c-IAP2. In cells with only gag-akt/RafCAAX, this was sufficient to allow polyADP ribosyltransferase (PARP)–degradative apoptosis, but in cells with p210BCR-ABL, apoptosis was blocked, possibly by a Stat5/bcl-xL–dependent mechanism. Therefore, one hematopoietic antiapoptotic program, among others, available to certain tyrosine kinase oncogenes involves a cooperative response between raf/erk and akt, unambiguous components of p21ras and PI-3-kinase pathways, to induce p65 NFκB and c-IAP2.
Stromal-derived factor 1 inhibits the cycling of very primitive human hematopoietic cells in vitro and in NOD/SCID mice
Authors: Cashman Johanne , Clark-Lewis Ian , Eaves Allen , Eaves Connie 
Published: July 2002

AbstractStromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a -CXC- chemokine that plays a critical role in embryonic and adult hematopoiesis, and its specific receptor, CXCR4, has been implicated in stem cell homing. In this study, it is shown that the addition of SDF-1 to long-term cultures (LTCs) of normal human marrow can selectively, reversibly, and specifically block the S-phase entry of primitive quiescent erythroid and granulopoietic colony-forming cells (CFCs) present in the adherent layer. Conversely, addition of anti–SDF-1 antibody or SDF-1(G2), a specific CXCR4 antagonist, to preactivated human LTCs prevented both types of primitive CFCs from re-entering a quiescent state, demonstrating that endogenous SDF-1 contributes to the control of primitive CFC proliferation in the LTC system. Interestingly, SDF-1 failed to arrest the proliferation of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia CFCs in the adherent layer of LTCs containing normal marrow stromal cells. In vivo, injection of SDF-1 arrested the cycling of normal human LTC-initiating cells as well as primitive CFCs in the marrow of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice engrafted with human cord blood cells. Conversely, injection of the antagonist, SDF-1(G2), reactivated the cycling of quiescent primitive human CFCs present in the marrow of mice engrafted with human marrow cells. These studies are the first to demonstrate a potential physiological role of SDF-1 in regulating the cell-cycle status of primitive hematopoietic cells and suggest that the deregulated cycling activity of primitive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells is due to the BCR-ABL–mediated disruption of a pathway shared by multiple chemokine receptors.
Immune-Mediated and Psychiatric Comorbidities Among Patients Newly Diagnosed With Alopecia Areata
Authors: Mostaghimi Arash , Soliman Ahmed M. , Li Chao , Barqawi Yazan K. , Grada Ayman 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceAlopecia areata (AA) has been associated with multiple comorbidities, yet information regarding the timing of comorbidity development after AA diagnosis is limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and new-onset incidence of psychiatric and autoimmune comorbidities in patients with AA in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort analysis used data collected from January 1, 2007, to April 30, 2023, from the Merative MarketScan Research Databases, which contains medical and drug claims data from more than 46 million patients in the US. Data from adolescent and adult patients (aged 12-64 years) diagnosed with AA and patients without AA (ie, controls) were evaluated. For some analyses, patients with AA were matched (1:4) to controls based on sex, age, and geographic region.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence (at the time of AA diagnosis) and incidence (new onset after AA diagnosis) of psychiatric and autoimmune diseases were reported as percentage of patients. Risk of developing a new-onset psychiatric or autoimmune disease after AA diagnosis was calculated as adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsAt baseline, 63 384 patients with AA and 3 309 107 without AA were identified. After matching, there were 16 512 and 66 048 patients in the AA and control groups, respectively, with a mean (SD) age of 36.9 (13.4) years and 50.6% of whom were female. Compared with the unmatched controls, patients with AA had higher prevalence of psychiatric (30.9% vs 26.8%; P &amp;lt; .001) and autoimmune (16.1% vs 8.9%; P &amp;lt; .0001) comorbidities at AA diagnosis; incidence was also higher in patients with AA (without history of these comorbidities) vs the matched control group. Patients with AA vs controls had a significantly higher risk of developing a psychiatric (AHR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3-1.4) or autoimmune (AHR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.5-2.8) comorbidity.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, patients with AA had a higher prevalence of autoimmune and psychiatric comorbidities at AA diagnosis and demonstrated an elevated risk of new-onset autoimmune and psychiatric comorbidities after their diagnosis. These data highlight the most common comorbidities among patients with AA and may help physicians counsel and monitor patients newly diagnosed with AA.
Bioinspired AlFeO3 Memristor with Sensing, Storage, and Synaptic Functionalities
Authors: Ganaie Mubashir Mushtaq , Kumar Amit , Shringi Amit K. , Sahu Satyajit , Saliba Michael , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn conventional designs, sensory systems are segregated from memory and computing units. The conversion and transmission of data from analog sensing domains to digital storage result in inefficient power utilization and increased latency. Here, a multifunctional memristor capable of detecting gamma radiation while also serving as a data storage device and an artificial synapse is reported. Large‐scale integration of oxide‐based memristors for artificial neural networks faces major challenges due to the sneak‐path current issue in crossbar arrays. Consequently, material combinations and fabrication variables significantly shape nanoscale processes, which are essential in determining resistive switching properties and functionalities. Resistive switching in AlFeO3 is studied using different electrode materials (silver (Ag), gold (Au), chromium (Cr), fluorine‐doped tin oxide, and silicon), embedding metal (Ag, Au) nanocrystals to engineer a class of tunable memories capable of functioning as selector, memory, artificial synapse, and dosimeter. Techniques like electrode engineering, nanocrystal seeding, and temperature‐dependent thin film deposition are employed to tune resistive and threshold switching functionalities. Accessing different functionalities requires changing the electrode materials or changing the synthesis conditions of the AlFeO3 resistive switching layer and are not interconvertible in the same device simultaneously. The devices emulate critical neural functions and demonstrate interconversion dynamics between short‐term and long‐term plasticity.
Pure Zwitterionic Hydrogel with Mechanical Robustness and Dynamic Tunability Enabled by Synergistic Non‐Covalent Interactions
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Wu Yu , Wu Mengdi , Gao Jiawei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yongjun , Wu Tengling , Gao Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZwitterionic hydrogels with exceptional antifouling properties and biocompatibility have gained widespread attention in biomedical applications. However, achieving robust mechanical performance while maintaining high water content within a single‐network zwitterionic hydrogel remains challenging. Traditional covalent crosslinking strategies often lead to brittleness and irreversible damage. Herein, a novel acylsemicarbazide‐containing carboxybetaine methacrylate (ACBMA) monomer is designed and synthesized that enables the construction of a pure zwitterionic poly(ACBMA) (pACBMA) hydrogel without chemical crosslinkers. The pACBMA hydrogel exhibits high water content exceeding 95% and superior mechanical properties, including compressive fracture stress of 3.92 MPa, compressive strain up to 99% without breaking, and toughness of 212 ± 2.4 kJ m−3, outperforming chemically crosslinked poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA) hydrogel. Additionally, the pACBMA hydrogel exhibits excellent injectability, moldability, and even recyclability through the preparation of microgels. Through the unique molecular design, the pACBMA hydrogel integrates multiple non‐covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, polymer chain entanglement, and steric hindrance of the α‐methyl group. These interactions synergistically contribute to the combination of high hydration, mechanical robustness, and dynamic tunability. These results provide a new design strategy for constructing high‐performance zwitterionic hydrogels with promising potential for diverse biomedical applications.
Emulsion‐Based Multi‐Phase Integrated Microbeads with Inner Multi‐Interface Structure Enable Dual‐Modal Imaging for Precision Endovascular Embolization
Authors: Li Zhihua , Huang Man , Li Yingnan , Wang Yongchao , Ma Yutao , Ma Le , Jiang Hongliang , Ngai To , Tang Jianbo , Guo Qiongyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrosphere‐based embolic agents have gained prominence in transarterial embolization (TAE) treatment, a critical minimally invasive therapy widely applied for a variety of diseases such as hypervascular tumors and acute bleeding. However, the development of microspheres with long‐term, real‐time, and repeated X‐ray imaging as well as ultrasound imaging remains challenging. In this study, emulsion‐based dual‐modal imaging microbeads with a unique internal multi‐interface structure is developed for TAE treatment. The embolic microbeads are fabricated from a solidified oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion composed of crosslinked CaAlg‐based aqueous matrix and dispersed radiopaque iodinated oil (IO) droplets through a droplet‐based microfluidic fabrication method. The CaAlg‐IO microbeads exhibit superior X‐ray imaging visibility due to the incorporation of exceptionally high iodine level up to 221 mgI mL−1, excellent ultrasound imaging capability attributed to the multi‐interface structure of the O/W emulsion, great microcatheter deliverability thanks to their appropriate biomechanical properties and optimal microbead density, and extended drug release behavior owing to the biodegradation nature of the embolics. Such an embolic agent presents a promising emulsion‐based platform to utilize multi‐phased structures for improving endovascular embolization performance and assessment capabilities.
Stable and Highly Emissive Infrared Yb‐Doped Perovskite Quantum Cutters Engineered by Machine Learning
Authors: Jing Yao , Low Andre K. Y. , Liu Yun , Feng Minjun , Lim Jia Wei Melvin , Loh Siow Mean , Rehman Quadeer , Blundel Steven A. , Mathews Nripan , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Sum Tze Chien , Bruno Annalisa , Mhaisalkar Subodh G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantum cutting (QC) allows the conversion of high‐energy photons into lower‐energy photons, exhibiting great potential for infrared communications. Yb‐doped perovskite nanocrystals can achieve an efficient QC process with extremely high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) thanks to the favorable Yb3+ incorporation in the perovskite structure. However, conventionally used oleic acid–oleylamine‐based ligand pairs cause instability issues due to highly dynamic binding to surface states that have curbed their potential applications. Herein, zwitterionic type C3‐sulfobetaine 3‐(N,N‐Dimethylpalmitylammonio)propanesulfonate molecule is utilized to build a strong binding state on the nanocrystals’ surface through a new phosphine oxide synthesis route. Leveraging machine learning and Bayesian Optimization workflow to determine optimal synthesis conditions, near‐infrared PLQY above 190% is achieved. The high PLQY is well maintained after over three months of aging, under high‐flux continuous UV irradiation, and long continuous annealing. This is the first report of highly efficient and stable perovskite quantum cutters, which will drive the study of fundamental physics phenomena and near‐infrared quantum communications.
Near Infrared‐Fluorescent Dinuclear Iridium(III) Nanoparticles for Immunogenic Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Tang Dongsheng , Cui Minhui , Wang Bin , Xu Chun , Cao Zheng , Guo Jin , Xiao Haihua , Shang Kun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDinuclear iridium(III) complexes activated by light‐inducible spatiotemporal control are emerging as promising candidates for cancer therapy. However, broader applications of current light‐activated dinuclear iridium(III) complexes are limited by the ineffective tissue penetration and undesirable feedback on guidance activation. Here, an ultrasound (US) triggered near infrared‐fluorescent dinuclear iridium(III) nanoparticle, NanoIr, is first reported to precisely and spatiotemporally inhibit tumor growth. It is demonstrated that reactive oxygen species can be generated by NanoIr upon exposure to US irradiation (NanoIr + US), thereby inducing immunogenic cell death. When combined with cisplatin, NanoIr + US elicits synergistic effects in patient‐derived tumor xenograft mice models of ovarian cancer. This work first provides a design of dinuclear iridium(III) nanoparticles for immunogenic sonodynamic therapy.
Approaching Splendid Catalysts for Li–CO2 Battery from the Theory to Practical Designing: A Review
Authors: Pan Qing , Ma Xianpeng , Wang Haoji , Shu Yuming , Liu Huaxin , Yang Lu , Li Wenyuan , Liu Jintao , Wu Yancheng , Mao Ya , Xie Jingying , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Deng Wentao , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) batteries, noted for their high discharge voltage of approximately 2.8 V and substantial theoretical specific energy of 1876 Wh kg−1, represent a promising avenue for new energy sources and CO2 emission reduction. However, the practical application of these batteries faces significant hurdles, particularly at high current densities and over extended cycle lives, due to their complex reaction mechanisms and slow kinetics. This paper delves into the recent advancements in cathode catalysts for Li–CO2 batteries, with a specific focus on the designing philosophy from composition, geometry, and homogeneity of the catalysts to the proper test conditions and real‐world application. It surveys the possible catalytic mechanisms, giving readers a brief introduction of how the energy is stored and released as well as the critical exploration of the relationship between material properties and performances. Specifically, optimization and standardization of test conditions for Li–CO2 battery research is highlighted to enhance data comparability, which is also critical to facilitate the practical application of Li–CO2 batteries. This review aims to bring up inspiration from previous work to advance the design of more effective and sustainable cathode catalysts, tailored to meet the practical demands of Li–CO2 batteries.
Pyroptotic‐Spatiotemporally Selective Delivery of siRNA against Pyroptosis and Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Pan Zongyou , Xu Kaiwang , Huang Guanrui , Hu Haoran , Yang Huang , Shen Haotian , Qiu Kaijie , Wang Canlong , Xu Tengjing , Yu Xinning , Fang Jinhua , Wang Jiajie , Lin Yunting , Dai Jiacheng , Zhong Yuting , Song Hongyun , Zhu Sunan , Wang Siheng , Zhou Zhuxing , Sun Chuyue , Tang Zhaopeng , Liao Shiyao , Yang Guang , You Zhiyuan , Dai Xuesong , Mao Zhengwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSmall‐interfering RNAs (siRNAs) offer promising prospects for treating pyroptosis‐related autoimmune diseases. However, poor stability and off‐target effects during in vivo transportation hinder their practical clinical applications. Precision delivery and adaptive release of siRNAs into inflamed tissues and immune cells could unleash their full therapeutic potential. This study establishes a pyroptotic‐spatiotemporally selective siRNA delivery system (PMRC@siGSDME) that selectively targets inflammatory tissues, responds to pyroptosis, and exhibits remarkable therapeutic efficacy against various autoimmune diseases. Novel hybrid nanovesicles (NVs) are designed as a combination of pyroptotic macrophage membranes (PMs) and R8‐cardiolipin‐containing nanovesicles (RC‐NVs). Evidence provides that PM‐derived proteins involved in cell–cell interactions and membrane trafficking may contribute to the specificity of NVs to inflammatory tissue. In addition, cardiolipin anchored in the hybrid NVs increases its affinity for activated gasdermin E (GSDME) and achieves pyroptosis‐adaptive release of siGSDME for the spatiotemporally selective suppression of immune responses. More importantly, PMRC@siGSDME displays significant anti‐inflammatory and therapeutic effects in multiple mouse autoimmune disease models, including arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Collectively, an innovative siRNA delivery strategy precisely tailored for pyroptotic cells has been developed, paving the way for new treatments for autoimmune inflammatory diseases with minimal side effects and wide clinical applicability.