bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing for size and allometric differences in fossil hominin body mass estimation
Authors: Uhl Natalie M. , Rainwater Christopher W. , Konigsberg Lyle W. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBody size reconstructions of fossil hominins allow us to infer many things about their evolution and lifestyle, including diet, metabolic requirements, locomotion, and brain/body size relationships. The importance of these implications compels anthropologists to attempt body mass estimation from fragmentary fossil hominin specimens. Most calculations require a known “calibration” sample usually composed of modern humans or other extant apes. Caution must be taken in these analyses, as estimates are sensitive to overall size and allometric differences between the fossil hominin and the reference sample. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:215–229, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: Female fecal androgens prior to the mating season reflect readiness to conceive in reproductively quiescent wild macaques
Authors: Fürtbauer Ines , Heistermann Michael , Schülke Oliver , Ostner Julia 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAn extensive body of research exists on androgen secretion in males. Although androgens are also known to drive patterns of female reproductive physiology and behavior, little attention has been paid to these “male” hormones in females. Here, we examined female fecal androgen excretion in strictly seasonally breeding wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) and tested the hypothesis that changes in premating season fecal androgens vary with female readiness to resume ovarian cycling and thus to conceive. Across 2 years, 155 fecal samples were collected from seven reproductively quiescent (i.e., acyclic) females during the premating season months, August and September. Samples were analyzed for immunoreactive epiandrosterone (iEA), a major fecal metabolite of testosterone in macaques. Changes in iEA concentrations during the premating season were significantly negatively associated with (1) the presence of dependent offspring, i.e., lactating females showed a smaller change, and (2) with the timing of conceptions in the mating seasons, i.e., females that conceived early exhibited the greatest changes. These results provide strong evidence for a relationship between changes in androgens during the premating season and female readiness to conceive. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:311–315, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computationally Efficient Simplex Unscented Kalman Filter Based on Numerical Integration
Authors: Hu B. Q. , Chang L. B. , Li A. , Qin F. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper concerns the computationally efficient unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for nonlinear dynamic systems. From the numerical integration viewpoint, it is proved for the first time that the spherical simplex unscented transformation (UT) cannot be derived from the integration rule of degree 2, which is inconsistent with well‐known previous works. Then a novel simplex UT consisting of n + 1 equally weighted points, which can construct a numerical integration formula of degree 2, is investigated. By embedding the proposed simplex UT into the Kalman filtering framework, a computationally efficient simplex UKF is derived. Compared with the spherical simplex UT based UKF, the proposed algorithm is more rigorous and more accurate.
Residual kriging analysis of airborne measurements: application to the mapping of atmospheric boundary‐layer thermal structures in a mountain valley
Authors: Laiti Lavinia , Zardi Dino , de Franceschi Massimiliano , Rampanelli Gabriele 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResidual kriging (RK) is applied to data from measurements performed with an instrumented motorglider in an Alpine Valley, where a coupled lake and valley wind develops. Results provide an insight into a typical mean vertical structure of the valley boundary layer, displaying a rather shallow convective mixed layer, surmounted by a deep stable layer. Mapping with RK allows to detect spatial temperature anomalies associated with the local development of diurnal winds over each explored valley cross section. Local scale features, such as cross‐valley thermal asymmetries, amenable to surface inhomogeneities and their effects on heat fluxes, are also identified. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Quality Control Certification of RNA Aptamer‐Based Detection
Authors: Lau Pui Sai , Lai Chung Kit , Li Yingfu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAptamers are single‐stranded DNA or RNA molecules with a defined tertiary structure for molecular recognition. Numerous RNA aptamers with excellent binding affinity and specificity have been reported; they constitute an attractive reservoir of molecular recognition elements for biosensor development. However, RNA is relatively unstable owing to spontaneous hydrolysis and nuclease degradation. Thus, RNA aptamer‐based biosensors are prone to producing false‐positive signals. Here, we present an RNA aptamer biosensor design strategy that utilises an internal control to distinguish target binding from false‐positive signals. The sequence of a chosen RNA aptamer is expanded so that it can form three consecutive short RNA–DNA duplexes with 1) a quencher‐labelled DNA strand (Q1DNA), 2) a dual‐fluorophore‐labelled DNA strand (F1DNAF2) and 3) another quencher‐labelled DNA strand (Q2DNA). The addition of a target releases Q2DNA from the duplex assembly, and produces the expected positive signal from F2. However, the authenticity of target recognition is validated only if no signal is generated from F1. We have successfully engineered two fluorescent reporters by using an RNA aptamer that binds thrombin and one that binds theophylline. Both reporters show the expected binding affinity and specificity, and are capable of reporting system malfunction when treated with nucleases and chemical denaturants. This strategy provides a simple and reliable way to ensure high‐quality detection when RNA aptamers are employed as molecular‐recognition elements.
Automated 3D analysis of multislice computed tomography to define the line of perpendicularity of the aortic annulus and of the implanted valve: Benefit on planning transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Samin Mariam , Juthier Francis , Van Belle Camille , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Kluin Jolanda , Stella Pieter R. , Ramjankhan Faiez , Budde Ricardo P.J. , Sieswerda Gertjan , Algeri Emanuela , Elkalioubie Ahmed , Belkacemi Anouar , Bertrand Michel E. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Van Belle Eric 
Published: April 2013

AimsWe aimed to determine whether preprocedural analysis of multislice computed tomography (MDCT) scan could accurately predict the “line of perpendicularity” (LP) of the aortic annulus and corresponding C‐arm angulations required for prosthesis delivery.Methods and ResultsA 3D analysis of preprocedural MDCT dedicated to define the LP of the aortic annulus was performed in 60 consecutive patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). In 24 patients, the analysis was performed retrospectively to evaluate reproducibility. In 11 patients of this cohort, additional fluoroscopy and MDCT were performed postprocedure to compare the LP of the aortic annulus and the LP of the implanted bioprosthesis. In 36 patients, the analysis was performed prospectively and the results were available at the time of the procedure. In those 36 patients, the postprocedure fluoroscopy‐defined LP of the implanted bioprosthesis was used to validate the LP of the aortic annulus as predicted by MDCT. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of the 3D analysis of MDCT to define the LP of the aortic annulus (κ = 1 and 0.94, respectively) and of the bioprosthesis (κ= 1 and 1, respectively) were excellent. Comparison between the LP of the aortic annulus and the LP of the bioprosthesis showed that the two LPs were virtually identical, demonstrating both self‐centering of the device during implantation and the possibility to use the LP of the implanted bioprosthesis as a surrogate of the LP of the aortic annulus. In the prospective cohort, the ability of MDCT analysis to predict the LP of the aortic annulus was very good (accuracy = 94% and κ = 0.89).ConclusionAutomated 3D analysis of preimplantation MDCT accurately predicts the LP of the aortic annulus and the corresponding C‐arm position required for TAVR.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delivering stents in congenital heart disease using the double‐wire technique: Technical considerations
Authors: Brown Stephen C. , Cools Bjorn , Boshoff Derize E. , Özbarlas Nazan , Heying Ruth , Budts Werner , Buys Daniël , Gewillig Marc 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of a double‐wire technique to deliver stents.BackgroundPlacement of a stent in lesions close to bifurcations or without an anatomic obstruction can be problematic.Patients and MethodsStents were implanted in 12 patients between August 2010 and August 2012. Indications were complex anatomic obstruction in nine, external compression of pulmonary veins in two, and exclusion of an aortic aneurysm in one patient.ResultsMedian age and body weight of the group were 11.6 years (range: 1.6–34.8) and 36 kg (range: 10–78), respectively. All stents were delivered safely and the patency of all side vessels was maintained; the distal end of the stent was flared to a median ratio of 1.4 (range: 1.2–1.8). The clinical objective was met in all patients: in lesions with stenosis, diameter increased from 5.9 mm (range: 1–13) to 9.9 mm (range: 8–17) [P < 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0–7.2]; oxygen saturations improved in the 2 patients after relief of the external pulmonary venous compression and in another an aortic aneurysm was excluded. One patient developed a hemothorax and one required blood transfusion for bleeding from the valve of the sheath.ConclusionsThe double‐wire stenting technique is effective to accurately deliver and anchor stents into lesions close to side branches and bifurcations. Side branch patency is maintained; the clinical objective (gradient relief, aneurysm exclusion, relief of external compression) can safely be reached. Technique and balloon selection should be based on the underlying anatomical substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of ultrasound guidance with the traditional palpation and fluoroscopy method for the common femoral artery puncture
Authors: Gedikoglu Murat , Oguzkurt Levent , Gur Serkan , Andic Cagatay , Sariturk Cagla , Ozkan Ugur 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo compare the success and complication rates of ultrasound‐guided or palpation‐guided punctures of the common femoral artery in a prospective randomized study.BackgroundPercutaneous femoral arterial access is sometimes difficult to perform and is the source of complications. It has not been established whether ultrasound‐guided puncture of the common femoral artery is the standard practice for angiography.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and eight patients were randomized into two groups. One had ultrasound‐guided puncture and the other had palpation‐guided puncture of the common femoral artery. The technical success, first pass success rate, total number of attempts required for access, time to sheath insertion, pain during puncture, and access‐related complication were compared.ResultsTechnical success tended to be higher and the complication rates tended to be lower in the ultrasound‐guided group but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.052 and P = 0.052). The first pass success rate was higher, total number of attempts required for access and time to sheath insertion were lower in the ultrasound‐guided group. Atheromatous plaques on the common femoral artery, iliac artery obstructive lesion, previous ipsilateral puncture of the common femoral artery, obesity, and blood pressure during puncture did not change the outcome.ConclusionsUltrasound guidance improves secondary outcomes of the common femoral artery puncture when compared to palpation‐guided puncture. Technical success and complication rates seem lower in the presence of ultrasound guidance but larger study populations are needed to verify the result. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymorph Identification and Crystal Structure Determination by a Combined Crystal Structure Prediction and Transmission Electron Microscopy Approach
Authors: Eddleston Mark D. , Hejczyk Katarzyna E. , Bithell Erica G. , Day Graeme M. , Jones William 
Published: April 2013

AbstractElectron diffraction offers advantages over X‐ray based methods for crystal structure determination because it can be applied to sub‐micron sized crystallites, and picogram quantities of material. For molecular organic species, however, crystal structure determination with electron diffraction is hindered by rapid crystal deterioration in the electron beam, limiting the amount of diffraction data that can be collected, and by the effect of dynamical scattering on reflection intensities. Automated electron diffraction tomography provides one possible solution. We demonstrate here, however, an alternative approach in which a set of putative crystal structures of the compound of interest is generated by crystal structure prediction methods and electron diffraction is used to determine which of these putative structures is experimentally observed. This approach enables the advantages of electron diffraction to be exploited, while avoiding the need to obtain large amounts of diffraction data or accurate reflection intensities. We demonstrate the application of the methodology to the pharmaceutical compounds paracetamol, scyllo‐inositol and theophylline.
Determination of the Crystal Structure of a New Polymorph of Theophylline
Authors: Eddleston Mark D. , Hejczyk Katarzyna E. , Bithell Erica G. , Day Graeme M. , Jones William 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new approach to crystal structure determination, combining crystal structure prediction and transmission electron microscopy, was used to identify a potential new crystal phase of the pharmaceutical compound theophylline. The crystal structure was determined despite the new polymorph occurring as a minor component in a mixture with Form II of theophylline, at a concentration below the limits of detection of analytical methods routinely used for pharmaceutical characterisation. Detection and characterisation of crystallites of this new form were achieved with transmission electron microscopy, exploiting the combination of high magnification imaging and electron diffraction measurements. A plausible crystal structure was identified by indexing experimental electron‐diffraction patterns from a single crystallite of the new polymorph against a reference set of putative crystal structures of theophylline generated by global lattice energy minimisation calculations.
Synthesis and Study of Cationic, Two‐Coordinate Triphenylphosphine– Gold–π Complexes
Authors: Brooner Rachel E. M. , Brown Timothy J. , Widenhoefer Ross A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCationic, two‐coordinate triphenylphosphine–gold(I)–π complexes of the form [(PPh3)Au(π ligand)]+ SbF6− (π ligand=4‐methylstyrene, 1⋅SbF6), 2‐methyl‐2‐butene (3⋅SbF6), 3‐hexyne (6⋅SbF6), 1,3‐cyclohexadiene (7⋅SbF6), 3‐methyl‐1,2‐butadiene (8⋅SbF6), and 1,7‐diphenyl‐3,4‐heptadiene (10⋅SbF6) were generated in situ from reaction of [(PPh3)AuCl], AgSbF6, and π ligand at −78 °C and were characterized by low‐temperature, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy without isolation. The π ligands of these complexes were both weakly bound and kinetically labile and underwent facile intermolecular exchange with free ligand (ΔG≠≈9 kcal mol−1 in the case of 6⋅SbF6) and competitive displacement by weak σ donors, such as trifluoromethane sulfonate. Triphenylphosphine–gold(I)–π complexes were thermally unstable and decomposed above −20 °C to form the bis(triphenylphosphine) gold cation [(PPh3)2Au]+SbF6− (2⋅SbF6).
A Machine‐Assisted Flow Synthesis of SR48692: A Probe for the Investigation of Neurotensin Receptor‐1
Authors: Battilocchio Claudio , Deadman Benjamin J. , Nikbin Nikzad , Kitching Matthew O. , Baxendale Ian R. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHere we report the direct comparison of a conventional batch mode synthesis of Meclinertant (SR48692, 1), a neurotensin receptor‐1 antagonist, with its machine‐assisted flow chemistry alternative. By using these enabling tools, combined with solid‐supported reagents and scavengers, many process advantages were observed. Care, however, must be taken not to convert these techniques into expensive solutions to problems that do not exist.
Rate adaptive resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access system using multi‐objective immune algorithm
Authors: Zheng‐Yi Chai , Si‐Feng Zhu , Lian‐Feng Shen 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYRate adaptive downlink resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access system is a constraint optimization problem, which is to maximize the minimum data rate of the user subject to constraint that total power cannot exceed a given value. How to handle the constraint is a key issue for constrained optimization problem. Different with the available schemes on constraint handling, the proposed algorithm converts the constraint into an objective. Then, the resource allocation is combined into a multi‐objective optimization problem. An improved multi‐objective optimization algorithm based on artificial immune system is proposed to solve it. The simulation results show that, compared with previous schemes, the proposed algorithm performs remarkable improvement in sum capacity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of β‐cell function after achievement of optimal glycaemic control via long‐term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in non‐newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with suboptimal glycaemic control
Authors: Choi Soo‐Bong , Lee Jun‐Ho , Lee Ju‐Han , Kim Seonguk , Han Sang‐Don , Kim Ick‐Hee , Noh Yun‐Hee 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundAchieving euglycaemia by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy alone has been shown to restore β‐cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. However, the efficacy has not been evaluated in patients with non‐newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and suboptimal glycaemic control.MethodsOf the 1220 patients with type 2 diabetes who began CSII therapy from March 2000 to March 2007, we retrospectively selected patients using the following inclusion criteria: glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0%, diabetes duration ≥ 1 year before CSII therapy, and duration of CSII therapy ≥ 6 months. We evaluated sequential changes in HbA1c and serum C‐peptide levels measured at a 6‐ to 12‐month intervals during CSII therapy.ResultsIn the 521 subjects included in this study [median diabetes duration 10 years; interquartile range (IQR) 6.0–17.0; CSII therapy ≤30 months], median HbA1c decreased from 8.7% (IQR 7.7–10.0) at baseline to 6.3% (IQR 5.9–6.9) after 6 months of CSII therapy (p < 0.0001). During the subsequent 24 months, median HbA1c levels were maintained between 6.3% and 6.5% (p < 0.0001 for all time points vs baseline). At 12 months after CSII therapy, median C‐peptide levels began to increase compared with baseline (fasting level 23% increase, p < 0.0001; 2‐h postprandial level 26% increase, p = 0.022), and the increase was maintained at 30 months (fasting level 39%; 2‐h postprandial level 53%; p < 0.0001 for all vs baseline).Conclusionsβ‐Cell function was significantly improved in patients with non‐newly diagnosed and suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes after achieving and maintaining optimal glycaemic control with long‐term CSII therapy alone. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell response of nanographene platelets to human osteoblast‐like MG63 cells
Authors: Zhang X. , Li M. , Wang Y. B. , Cheng Y. , Zheng Y. F. , Xi T. F. , Wei S. C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe biologic/cytotoxic effects of dispersed nanographene platelets (NGPs) on human osteosarcoma cells (MG63 cell line) were first studied by examining cell viability, cycle, apoptosis, change in morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and inflammation. The results shown that the cell cytotoxicity of the dispersed NGPs exhibited dose‐dependent characters, which had no obvious cytotoxic effects to MG63 cells at the concentration less than 10 μg mL−1, whereas could postpone cell cycle, promote cell apoptosis, damage cell microstructure, induce serious tumor necrosis factor‐α expression and greatly reduce ALP activity of MG63 cells at higher concentration of NGPs (>10 µg mL−1). Besides, NGPs had little influence on the LDH leakage. The cytotoxic mechanism of NGPs to MG63 cells was speculated to be intracellular activity with no physical damage of plasma membrane. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 732–742, 2014.
Influence of substrate metal alloy type on the properties of hydroxyapatite coatings deposited using a novel ambient temperature deposition technique
Authors: Barry J. N. , Cowley A. , McNally P. J. , Dowling D. P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) coatings are applied widely to enhance the level of osteointegration onto orthopedic implants. Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) is typically used for the deposition of these coatings; however, HA crystalline changes regularly occur during this high‐thermal process. This article reports on the evaluation of a novel low‐temperature (<47°C) HA deposition technique, called CoBlast, for the application of crystalline HA coatings. To‐date, reports on the CoBlast technique have been limited to titanium alloy substrates. This study addresses the suitability of the CoBlast technique for the deposition of HA coatings on a number of alternative metal alloys utilized in the fabrication of orthopedic devices. In addition to titanium grade 5, both cobalt chromium and stainless steel 316 were investigated. In this study, HA coatings were deposited using both the CoBlast and the plasma sprayed techniques, and the resultant HA coating and substrate properties were evaluated and compared. The CoBlast‐deposited HA coatings were found to present similar surface morphologies, interfacial properties, and composition irrespective of the substrate alloy type. Coating thickness however displayed some variation with the substrate alloy, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 μm. This perhaps is associated with the electronegativity of the metal alloys. The APS‐treated samples exhibited evidence of both coating, and significantly, substrate phase alterations for two metal alloys; titanium grade 5 and cobalt chrome. Conversely, the CoBlast‐processed samples exhibited no phase changes in the substrates after depositions. The APS alterations were attributed to the brief, but high‐intensity temperatures experienced during processing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 871–879, 2014.