bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Nanostructured Schwertmannite and 2‐Line‐Ferrihydrite into Hematite
Authors: Reichelt Lydia , Bertau Martin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNanostructured ferric oxides and sulfated ferric oxides are of high interest in catalysis, e.g. for hydrocarbon isomerization. Sulfated ferric oxides are often prepared by immersion of ferric oxides in sulfate containing solutions which technique is facile to conduct, yet poorly reproducible. This problem is circumvented by sulfate incorporation into ferric oxide particles during precipitation. This way of intrinsic sulfation generated ferric oxides with defined properties. The precipitation reaction is accomplished by using a microjet mixer, in which ferric sulfate is brought to reaction with ammonia, what allows for forming schwertmannite and ferrihydrite qualities with defined sulfate content. As ferric oxide synthesis is conducted at ambient conditions, while catalysis mainly occurs at elevated temperatures, it is important to study structural as well as chemical changes during heating. Thus these materials were analysed in terms of structural and chemical changes during heating. In this course it was found that both materials are transformed into hematite, the crystallization degree as well as specific surface properties of which depend both on annealing temperature and the precursor used. This transformation was accompanied by dehydration and liberation of sulfur trioxide.
Aggregation of Dinuclear Cations [{Au(PR3)}2(μ‐OH)]+ into Dimers Induced by Polyoxometalate (POM) Template Effects
Authors: Yoshida Takuya , Nagashima Eri , Arai Hidekazu , Matsunaga Satoshi , Nomiya Kenji 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntercluster compounds, [{(Au{P(p‐XPh)3})2(μ‐OH)}2][α‐SiMo12O40(Au{P(p‐XPh)3})2]·nEtOH [X = F (1), Cl (2)] were synthesized by polyoxometalate (POM)‐mediated clusterization, and were unequivocally characterized by X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), solid‐state cross‐polarization magic‐angle‐spinning (CPMAS) 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and solution (1H, 31P{1H}) NMR spectroscopy. The “dimer‐of‐dinuclear phosphanegold(I) cation”, i.e., [{(Au{P(p‐XPh)3})2(μ‐OH)}2]2+ was formed by the self‐assembly of dinuclear phosphanegold(I) cations, i.e., [(Au{P(p‐XPh)3})2(μ‐OH)]+, through inter‐cationic aurophilic interactions as the crossed‐edge arrangement (or tetrahedral Au4 structure) for 1, while as the parallel‐edge arrangement (or rectangular Au4 structure) for 2. The latter arrangement was first attained only by assistance of the POM. The POM anions in 1 and 2 contained two mononuclear phosphanegold(I) cations, i.e., [Au{P(p‐XPh)3}]+, linked to the OMo2 oxygen atoms of edge‐sharing MoO6 octahedra. In the solution 31P{1H} NMR of 1 and 2, we observed single signals due to the rapid exchange of the phosphanegold(I) units. This shows that the OMo2 oxygen atoms of edge‐sharing MoO6 octahedra in the Keggin POM act as multi‐centered active binding sites for the formation of [{(Au{P(p‐XPh)3})2(μ‐OH)}2]2+.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of an Unusual Heterometallic Europium(III) Amidinate Complex
Authors: Sroor Farid M. , Hrib Cristian G. , Hilfert Liane , Edelmann Frank T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe reaction of EuI2(THF)2 with 3 equiv. of the recently discovered lithium‐cyclopropylethinylamidinate Li[c‐C3H5–C≡C–C(NCy)2] (1) (Cy = cyclohexyl) unexpectedly afforded the heterometallic europium(III) amidinate complex [{c‐C3H5–C≡C–C(NCy)2}Li{c‐C3H5–C≡C–C(NCy)2}2Eu(μ‐I)2Li(THF)2] (2) in the form of bright yellow, air‐ and moisture‐sensitive crystals. An X‐ray diffraction study of 2 revealed several unusual structural features. It comprises a double “ate” complex of the tentative trivalent europium(III) bis(cyclopropylethinylamidinate) derivative [c‐C3H5–C≡C–C(NCy)2]2EuIIII. “Ate” complex formation occurred not only through retention of one equiv. of lithium iodide but also through addition of one equiv. of Li[c‐C3H5–C≡C–C(NCy)2]. The Li atom in the iodo‐bridged Eu(μ‐I)2Li(THF)2 part of the molecule is tetrahedrally coordinated, whereas the second lithium atom is only tricoordinate through the presence of a rare monodentate (dangling) amidinate ligand.
Influence of the Different Dicarboxylate Ligands on The Topological Net of Manganese(II) Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structures. and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Deng Xiaoqi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe self‐assembly of MnII ions and 1,4‐bis(2‐methyl‐imidazole‐1‐yl)benzene (bip) with two different dicarboxylate ligands, benzophenone‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid (H2bda) and 1,4‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2nda) via hydrothermal synthesis resulted in two interesting coordination polymers, [Mn(bda)(bip)]n (1) and [(Mn(nda)(bip)0.5(H2O)]n (2). Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and elemental analyses, as well as IR spectroscopy. Complex 1 exhibits an unusual polycatenated 2D+2D→3D framework. Complex 2 shows a twofold interpenetrated pcu net. In addition, the solid‐state photoluminescent properties of 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature.
The Struggle for Equity: An Examination of Surgical Services at Two NGO Hospitals in Rural Haiti
Authors: Matousek Alexi C. , Matousek Sarah B. , Addington Stephen R. , Jean‐Louis Rodolphe , Pierre Jean Hamiltong , Fils Jacky , Hoyler Marguerite , Farmer Paul E. , Riviello Robert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundHealth systems must deliver care equitably in order to serve the poor. Both L’Hôpital Albert Schweitzer (HAS) and L’Hôpital Bon Sauveur (HBS) have longstanding commitments to provide equitable surgical care in rural Haiti. HAS charges fees that demonstrate a preference for the rural population near the hospital, with free care available for the poorest. HBS does not charge fees. The two hospitals are otherwise similar in surgical capacity and rural location.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed operative case‐logs at both hospitals from June 1 to Aug 31, 2012. The records were compared by total number of operations, geographic distribution of patients and number of elective operations. Using geography as a proxy for poverty, we analyzed the equity achieved under the financial systems at both hospitals.ResultsPatients from the rural service area received 86 % of operations at HAS compared to 38 % at HBS (p < 0.001). Only 5 % of all operations at HAS were performed on patients from outside the service area for elective conditions compared to 47 % at HBS (p < 0.001). Within its rural service area, HAS performed fewer operations on patients from the most destitute areas compared to other locations (40.3 vs. 101.3 operations/100,000 population, p < 0.001).ConclusionsUsing fees as part of an equity strategy will likely disadvantage the poorest patients, while providing care without fees may encourage patients to travel from urban areas that contain other hospitals. Health systems striving to serve the poor should continually evaluate and seek to improve equity, even within systems that provide free care.
Reproductive interference via display signals: the challenge of multiple receivers
Authors: Wheatcroft David 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSexually selected traits important in both mate and competitor recognition provide an opportunity to understand the tradeoffs associated with reproductive and competitive interference. When co‐occurring species compete over similar resources, selection may promote signal similarity to facilitate competitive interactions in opposition to selection for signal divergence to maintain assortative mating. Bird song provides a classic example of contrasting selection on signal design, because songs function both in mate discrimination and in territorial advertisement. Similarity in songs aids competitor recognition both within and across species, and song convergence or mixing is widespread in the songbirds. Two related mechanisms can maintain mate recognition in the face of song convergence. First, multiple recognition signals, both across and within signaling modalities, provide a basis for mate and competitor discrimination using different sets of cues. Second, stricter female song preferences may allow interspecific male–male competitive communication without compromising female mate discrimination. I suggest that increased understanding of the neurobiology underlying song recognition will provide insight into the relative importance and prevalence of these different mechanisms along a continuum of species divergence.
Patterns of occurrence and abundance of roosting geese: the role of spatial scale for site selection and consequences for conservation
Authors: Jankowiak Łukasz , Skórka Piotr , Ławicki Łukasz , Wylegała Przemysław , Polakowski Michał , Wuczyński Andrzej , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRoosting site selection by geese is a key factor for survival during migration and wintering. Birds should select sites that minimize thermoregulation demands and predation risk, and maximize foraging efficiency. We used data on the spatial location of geese roosting sites in Poland to compare landscape features and the conservation status of roosting and non‐roosting sites at different scales ranging from 5 to 50 km. Logistic regression revealed that the sites selected by geese had larger waterbody size than non‐selected sites, and surrounded by a smaller coverage of woodland at the scale of 50 km. They also were more often Natura 2000 sites. The most important factors positively affecting the abundance of geese were the size of waterbody and low coverage of artificial area (mostly urban) within a 50 km radius. Several further factors also influenced the roosting site selection. Regardless to the scale a large coverage of farmland (mostly rapeseed) positively affected roosting geese whereas forest coverage had a negative effect. Spatial hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the roosting sites were densely located in regions characterized by the most intensive agriculture. Farming intensity therefore seems to increase the abundance of geese, and consequently, to increase a possible conflict between goose conservation and food production. To alleviate the conflicts we delineated areas that may be most affected and where the conservation measures should be implemented first. As geese respond to environmental factors at different spatial scales this scale‐dependency should be included in the conservation and management of goose populations.
Synthesis and Surface Properties of a Novel Sodium 3‐(3‐Alkyloxy‐3‐oxopropoxy)‐3‐oxopropane‐1‐sulfonate at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Kumar Pandari Phani , Nayak Rati Ranjan , Kanjilal Sanjit 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe present paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of surface properties of a novel series of anionic surfactant, namely sodium 3‐(3‐alkyloxy‐3‐oxopropoxy)‐3‐oxopropane‐1‐sulfonate with varying alkyl chain length (C8–C16). Synthesis involves initial formation of the 3‐alkyloxy‐3‐oxopropyl acrylate along with fatty acrylate during the direct esterification of fatty alcohol with acrylic acid in the presence of 0.5 % NaHSO4 at 110 °C followed by sulfonation of the terminal double bond of the 3‐alkyloxy‐3‐oxopropyl acrylate. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for surface and thermodynamic properties such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γcmc), efficiency of surface adsorption (pC20), surface excess (Γmax), minimum area per molecule at the air–water interface (Amin), free energy of adsorption (∆G°ads), free energy of micellization (∆G°mic), wetting time, emulsifying properties, foaming power and calcium tolerance. Effect of chain length on CMC follows the classic trend, i.e. decrease in CMC with the increase in alkyl chain length. High pC20 (>3) value indicates higher hydrophobic character of the surfactant. These surfactants showed very poor wetting time and calcium tolerance, but exhibited good emulsion stability and excellent foamability. Foaming power and foam stability of C14‐sulfonate were found to be the best among the studied compounds. Foam stability of C14‐sulfonate was also studied at different concentrations over time and excellent foam stability was obtained at a concentration of 0.075 %. Thus this novel class of surfactant may find applications as foam boosters in combination with other suitable surfactants.
Seismicity Studies in Eastern Dharwar Craton and Neighbouring Tectonic Regions
Authors: Srinagesh D. , Chadha R.K. , Raju P. Solomon , Suresh G. , Vijayaraghavan R. , Sarma A.N.S. , Sekhar M. , Murty Yvvbsn 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Various developmental activities like installation of hydroelectric projects, multipurpose projects, nuclear power plants, rapid urbanization and industrial growth needs mapping seismically active faults and correlating with the regional tectonics. This is the present day demand from the society to seismologists at large. To meet this demand the agencies involved in earthquake research, National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), recently commissioned state of art broad band seismological networks in Andhra Pradesh and adjoining states in southern peninsular shield to study the seismic activity in eastern Dharwar craton. Installation of seismic networks namely Andhra Pradesh seismic network, Koyna seismic network, and shield seismic networks operated by National Geophysical Research Institute in southern peninsular shield tremendously improved the capabilities of monitoring the earthquake activity in near real time. This article deals with the application and necessity of monitoring micro earthquake activity by installing network of seismic stations along pre existing zones of weakness, which have been earlier subjected to major earthquakes like Kinnerasani-Godavari fault (Bhadrachalam region), Gundlakamma river fault (Ongole region) and characterizing the nature of faulting associated with the above.
Anal Sac of a Cladid Crinoid from Permo-Carboniferous Talchir Formation, Talchir Basin, Odisha
Authors: Chakraborty Abhijit , Bhattacharya* H. N. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A calcareous anal sac of a probable cladid crinoid, referable to Cyathocrinitacea family is reported for the first time from late Carboniferous-early Permian siliciclastics of Talchir basin, Angul district, Odisha. A cladid affinity for this crinoid specimen is confirmed from tubular, anteriorly tapered anal sac with slightly alternating, multiple rows of calcified plates, hexagonal or modified hexagonal, pentagonal and polygonal plate sutures with pitted plate surface. Generic identification is not attempted due to the incomplete preservation of the specimen. The preservation of this exclusive marine organism in the fine siliciclastics attests to a marine depositional milieu.
Report on Glaciogenic Talchir Deposits from Koradi Area, Nagpur District, Central India: Lithofacies and Petrography
Authors: Murkute Y. A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The four lithofacies namely, i) basal massive diamictite, ii) stratified diamictite and sandstones, iii) medium-to fine-grained sandstones and iv) siltstones-shale, are noted from Talchir Formation of the Koradi area, Maharashtra, Central India. The basal massive diamictites that are laterally discontinuous, unstratified and matrix- to clast-supported represent the continental tills. These deposits are inferred to be deposited under subglacial conditions by grounded ice during ice retreat. The stratified diamictite and sandstones unit shows the decrease in the boulder and cobble clasts and increase in pebble clasts. These are deposited by melting of glaciers at outwash plains. Medium- to fine-grained sandstones are associated with the very thin, fine-grained sand and clay layering (varves). These deposits represent glaciolacustrine depositional conditions in the glacial regions, caused by the development of still water bodies and even ice-dammed lakes.
The petrographic characteristics of stratified diamictite and sandstones (Sds) and medium- to fine-grained sandstones bring out textural immaturity also suggesting the deposition close to the source in cold- arid climatic conditions under interior type of continental block provenance. The wide range of grain size values from medium to very fine sands with polymodal grain size distribution, poor sorting, positive to very positive skewness, and very leptokurtic to leptokurtic nature of sediments divulge the glacial environment for the deposition.
The palaeocurrent analysis shows unimodal palaeocurrent bearing vector mean of 323° and the consistency ratio of 67%. The critical value of vector strength/ magnitude (r) for Rayleigh's test is 0.367 at the 0.05 significance level. The computed value of χ2 (42.37) is greater than critical value (24.73) for 11 degree of freedom at the 0.01 significance level, which indicate significant paleocurrent direction.
Megaloolithus Dinosaur Nest from the Lameta Formation of Salbardi Area, Districts Amravati, Maharashtra and Betul, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Srivastava Ashok K. , Mankar Rupesh S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The present paper contributes the new locality of a nest of sauropod dinosaur from fluvial sediments of the Lameta Formation of Salbardi area. On the basis of shape, size and microstructures of the shell, it is identified as Megaloolithus. The new locality is away from the known nesting sites of dinosaurs already been reported i.e., Nagpur and Jabalpur, therefore bears significance in reconstruction of palaeogeographic boundary of dinosaurs-nesting sites.
A case of dual atrioventricular nodal nonreentrant tachycardia: An unusual cause of tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akbarzadeh Mohammad Ali , Fazelifar Amir Farjam , Bafruee Negar Bahrololoumi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report on a 45‐year‐old female who developed cardiomyopathy due to incessant dual atrioventricular nodal nonreentrant tachycardia. Her condition was completely resolved by performing radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway.
Dedicated time for deliberate practice: one emergency medicine program’s approach to point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) training
Authors: Hayward Melissa , Chan Teresa , Healey Andrew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPoint-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) has become an essential skill in the practice of emergency medicine (EM). Various EM residency programs now require competency in basic PoCUS applications. The education literature suggests that deliberate practice is necessary for skill acquisition and mastery. We used an educational theory, Ericsson’s model of deliberate practice, to create a PoCUS curriculum for our Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada EM residency.Although international recommendations around curriculum requirements exist, this will be one of the first papers to describe the implementation of a specific PoCUS training program. This paper details the features of the program and lessons learned during its initial 3 years. Sharing this experience may serve as a nidus for scholarly discussion around how to best approach medical education in this area.
A Community-Led Medical Response Effort in the Wake of Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Kraushar Matthew L. , Rosenberg Rebecca E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOn October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy made landfall in the neighborhood of Red Hook in Brooklyn, New York. The massive tidal surge generated by the storm submerged the coastal area, home to a population over 11,000 individuals, including the largest public housing development in Brooklyn. The infrastructure devastation was profound: the storm rendered electricity, heat, water, Internet, and phone services inoperative, whereas local ambulatory medical services including clinics, pharmacies, home health agencies, and other resources were damaged beyond functionality. Lacking these services or lines of communication, medically fragile individuals became isolated from the hospital and 911-emergency systems without a preexisting mechanism to identify or treat them. Medically fragile individuals primarily included those with chronic medical conditions dependent on frequent and consistent monitoring and treatments. In response, the Red Hook community established an ad hoc volunteer medical relief effort in the wake of the storm, filling a major gap that continues to exist in disaster medicine for low-income urban environments. Here we describe this effort, including an analysis of the medically vulnerable in this community, and recommend disaster risk reduction strategies and resilience measures for future disaster events. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:354–358)
Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Floods
Authors: Chen Long , Tan Hongzhuan , Cofie Reuben , Hu Shimin , Li Yan , Zhou Jia , Yang Tubao , Tang Xuemin , Cui Guanghui , Liu Aizhong 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and determinants of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among flood victims.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2014 among individuals who had experienced the 1998 floods and had been diagnosed with PTSD in 1999 in Hunan, China. Cluster sampling was used to select subjects from the areas that had been surveyed in 1999. PTSD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, social support was measured according to a Social Support Rating Scale, coping style was measured according to a Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and personality was measured by use of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale for Chinese. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews by use of a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to reveal the determinants of chronic PTSD.ResultsA total of 123 subjects were interviewed, 17 of whom (14.4%) were diagnosed with chronic PTSD. Chronic PTSD was significantly associated with disaster stressors (odds ratio [OR]: 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.47), nervousness (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17), and social support (OR: 0.85; 95 CI%: 0.74-0.98).ConclusionsChronic PTSD in flood victims is significantly associated with disaster stressors, nervousness, and social support. These factors may play important roles in identifying persons at high risk of chronic PTSD. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:504–508)
The role of supervisory behavior, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on employee turnover
Authors: Mathieu Cynthia , Fabi Bruno , Lacoursière Richard , Raymond Louis 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFew studies have presented structural turnover models including both job satisfaction and organizational commitment measures. Recent research suggests that perceived supervisor leadership may contribute to employee well-being, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study proposes a structural turnover intention model including supervisory behavior (person-oriented and task-oriented dimensions), job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the study proposes to test whether this model fits in both small- and medium-sized enterprises and in large enterprises. The sample included 763 employees from different types of organizations who have completed a measure of their perception of their supervisor’s behavior and self-administrated measures of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention. Results show that person-oriented leadership behavior affects turnover intentions through job satisfaction and organizational commitment more than task-oriented leadership behavior. Only organizational commitment had a direct effect in explaining turnover intention. Finally, results indicate that the model is applicable both in small- and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises.