bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitals’ Corporate Communication Initiatives during the Covid-19 Outbreak: Experiences, Challenges and Future Opportunities
Authors: Medina Aguerrebere Pablo , Gonzalez Pacanowski Toni , Catalan Matamoros Daniel 
Published: June 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic led hospitals to work differently with regards to legal procedures, eHealth services. etc., and brought a changing and fluctuating health care environment that affected communication relations among clinicians, patients, and families. These organizations were also forced to make their corporate communication initiatives more efficient and interact with stakeholders differently, especially with patients and media companies. This paper aims to better understand what were the main corporate communication initiatives implemented by hospitals during the Covid-19 pandemic. We show that the most important communication initiatives implemented by hospitals during the Covid-19 outbreak were related to the following main areas: a) professional management of corporate communication, b) transparency, c) human values, d) hospital’s brand, and e) online corporate communication. During the pandemic, there was a lack of professional corporate communication in hospitals, as well as the need to execute more than merely conservative communication strategies. There is a strong need to professionalize corporate communication efforts in hospitals.
Utilitarians, Educators, Poets: The Beginnings of the <em>Westminster Review</em> and the London Mechanics’ Institution
Authors: Fraser Hilary 
Published: June 2024

The Westminster Review and the London Mechanics’ Institution were established within months of each other in 1823–24. The prestige periodical, founded on faith in the power of print media to improve lives by the diffusion of knowledge through the social body, and the institution undertaking a more direct and practical route to the same end, were evidently of the same political spirit and historical moment. This article seeks to add texture to the early history of these two initiatives and the radical London milieu that produced them by delving beneath the official documented accounts into the subterranean networks that connected the Westminster and the London Mechanics’ Institution in the mid-1820s. In so doing it complicates a too easy identification of the relationship between them as simply one of shared utilitarian and party political ideology. It looks beyond public manifestos to consider other sources, such as Anna Birkbeck’s album (begun in 1825), which brings familiar figures into different relation, and introduces new names, such as Mary Shelley, into the interwoven threads that represented radical London at this time. Other stories, like that of the Greek Committee, whose secretary John Bowring, also editor of the Westminster, contributed a poem on George Birkbeck to the album, cut across the histories of the journal Bowring edited and the mechanics’ institution he supported. Other actors, such as Lord Byron, and other forms — poems, cartoons — help us to view these years more fully, and resist the binaried accounts of utilitarianism and Romanticism that run through early commentaries and subsequent scholarship. In fact, things were much less clearly defined. Such an approach reminds us that the imaginative arts were an integral part of the conception and practice of both the Westminster Review and Dr Birkbeck’s London Mechanics’ (later Literary and Scientific) Institution.
Tożsamość i misja katolickiego wydziału prawa
Authors: Ciepły Filip 
Published: June 2024

Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie pracownikom związanym z wydziałami i instytutami prawa afiliowanymi do katolickich uczelni w Polsce podjęcia debaty na temat tego, co jest wyznacznikiem i implikacją tożsamości oraz jakie są konstytutywne elementy misji katolickich wydziałów prawa, a ponadto jak tę misję komunikować i realizować we współczesnych polskich i europejskich realiach społecznych. Opracowanie zawiera odniesienia do norm prawa kościelnego, ale przede wszystkim polskich i amerykańskich przedstawianych w piśmiennictwie doświadczeń prowadzenia studiów prawniczych w katolickich szkołach wyższych.
Risks to CCUS Success at Scale
Authors: Meehan D. Nathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses challenges that may hinder or delay widespread adoption of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Focusing on technical, economic, social, and regulatory aspects, it aims to pinpoint specific obstacles, such as the financial burden on energy production, uncertainties in long-term storage impacts, and the intricate regulatory framework governing CCS projects and pipelines. Reaching net zero emissions will be virtually impossible without widespread CCS; however, challenges and risks remain widespread.
Clarifying Quantitative Language in the SRMS
Authors: Harrison B. , Falcone G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Numbers tend to have one meaning, whereas words can be open to interpretation, so one might expect the language of probability to be better at communicating the uncertainty in CO2 geological storage resource estimates to project stakeholders. However, rather than assigning a probability value to deterministic estimates, current reporting systems use quantitative expressions which may not fully convey the appropriate degree of confidence that the deterministically estimated CO2 volumes will be stored. Using published work on cognitive bias by acknowledged energy sector consultants, drawing on research by statisticians and carrying out their own tests, the authors reveal that there are different perceptions of the language of quantitative probability from those suggested in the SPE's storage resource management system (SRMS). Tests show that energy industry professionals believe the probability value that corresponds to reasonable certainty is somewhat lower than the implied 90% figure assigned to the probabilistic low estimate of recoverable volumes, generally taken as equivalent to the proven deterministic case. The divergence between deterministic language and associated and perceived probability grows when considering other storage capacity classes. Such perceptions may lead to optimistic expectations and result in sub-optimal development decisions. The assignment of probability values to deterministic storage resource classes is avoided traditionally, so perhaps the adoption of clearer and more appropriate quantitative language should be considered by altering the SRMS" text to better describe the likelihood of the outcome of an event.
GeoCogen Eclépens: Pilot Seismic 3D Acquisition for Geothermal Prospection in Western Switzerland
Authors: Baykulov M. , Hirsch Q. , Dominguez A. , Masquelier E. , Fiebig B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In western Switzerland, a strong geothermal anomaly was detected in the 1981 Eclépens-1 well. At Swiss Geo Energy, we completed a pioneering 3D seismic acquisition project for geothermal exploration. The objective of the project is to identify reservoir targets, provide an estimation of the geothermal resources, and design wells for operating the first combined cycle geothermal power plant in Switzerland. Results of the seismic acquisition and best practices are presented in this paper.
Effects of Flow and Geomechanics Coupling in Faulted Reservoirs for CO2 Storage
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Nardean Stefano , Monaco Silvia , Garipov Timur , Mantica Stefano , Cominelli Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Accurately reproducing the coupling of fluid flow in porous medium and rock mechanics is crucial for the modelling of CO2 geological storage in order to properly evaluate and prevent the risk of inducing fault instability during injection operations. As an alternative to using monolithic flow/mechanical suites, the process can be modelled by linking individual codes, i.e., a reservoir simulator for flow and a geomechanical package to account for fluid induced stress change, which tackle the two problems sequentially. We developed a flexible numerical framework where different coupling logics can be selected, i.e., one-way coupling, two-way coupling, and explicit coupling, which are characterized by different levels of accuracy and computational costs. A multirate two-way coupling algorithm, which allows the flow and mechanical simulators to exchange information periodically rather than at every time step, is also available to reduce the computational cost of two-way coupled simulations. In this work, we employ this coupling infrastructure to perform numerical experiments aimed at defining whether sequential iterative coupling is strictly needed or not, and which less expensive logic can be used in case to attain a similar solution accuracy. First, a synthetic test case is used to illustrate the onset of fault instability during CO2 injection operations for different sets of coupling parameters (type and frequency), rock properties and fault permeability. It is thus possible to evaluate, for a reasonable range of coupling strength, which depends on fluids and rock properties, the optimal level of coupling. Results are strongly influenced by the coupling strength and two-way iterative coupling should be selected for tightly coupled systems to accurately reproduce the fault behavior. For loosely coupled system instead, the one-way approach should be the preferred choice due its lower computational cost. Later, we consider CO2 injection into a realistic formation, and we analyze the impact of the coupling frequency on the computational performance. We show that for complex cases there is no one-to-one correspondence between the reduction in the number of coupling iterations and the reduction in computational time for increasing coupling period.
The Application Framework for Geothermal Re-Circulation Proposed for Converting Hydrocarbon Wells Into Geothermal Wells in Oklahoma
Authors: Hu Zeming , Vivas Cesar , Saeed Salehi , Nygaard Runar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an update on the project to repurpose depleted oil wells into geothermal wells and shares a comprehensive workflow for obtaining permitting in Oklahoma. The objective is to provide a structured approach that addresses regulatory aspects, facilitating the transformation of oil wells into efficient geothermal energy sources. The methodology involves assessing geological conditions, analyzing regulations, and developing tailored monitoring and operation plans. The results highlight Oklahoma's potential as a significant renewable energy source through geothermal means, particularly in the Arkoma Basin and Anadarko Basin. However, challenges exist, including the need for a clear regulatory framework for deep geothermal energy, hurdles in obtaining landowner agreements, and regulatory constraints on well selection for heat transfer fluid re-circulation. The study offers novel insights and practical guidelines for engineers and policymakers in geothermal energy development, contributing to the field of sustainable energy.
Performance Comparison of Gradient-Free Optimization Methods for Well Placement and Well Controls Optimization for Geologic CO2 Storage
Authors: Tom Imaobong , Nguyen Quang M. , Onur Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Population-based (gradient-free) methods have become attractive for solving optimization problems since they have been known to locate "optimal" (best) positions within a search space. In this study, we investigate the use of three different gradient-free optimization methods namely: Iterative Latin Hypercube Sampling (ILHS), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for well placement and well controls optimization problem of the CO2 underground storage in a 2D saline aquifer with bound constraints on the design variables. We also consider sequential optimization of well locations and well controls using the gradient-free methods. To evaluate the performance of these algorithms, we test the methods on well-known test (or toy) problems such as the multi-dimensional (40 design variables) Rosenbrock function, as well as the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) with 20 cities (20 design variables). We further extend the study to a more complex problem which involves finding the optimal well types, well locations, or well controls for a CO2 injection problem in a synthetic saline aquifer compositional model built in a commercial simulator. The objective function formulated for the CO2 injection problem is the net present environmental value (NPEV) involving discrete design variables (well types and well locations) and real design variables (well controls). Results obtained from the performance comparison of these gradient-free methods on the toy problems demonstrate the superior performance of the ILHS over PSO and GA for the Rosenbrock test function, while GA outperforms ILHS and PSO in solving the TSP. We also observe that for the simple well locations optimization problems involving one or two wells, all three algorithms obtained comparable results, given the same number of samples and number of iterations. However, for more complex cases such as the sequential or simultaneous optimization problems, when multiple wells which may include injectors and producers are present, we observe significant differences in the selection of the optimal well types and well locations among the three optimizers. In the simultaneous optimization of well types, well locations, and well controls, when both injectors and producers are BHP controlled, the results obtained showed that it is more optimal for at least one producer to be present, and for the injectors to be operated at the upper bound of the injector BHP, while the producers operated at the lower bound of the producer BHP to maximize the NPEV.
Offshore Platform Revamp for Energy Transition Projects: An Integrated Monitoring System for Real-Time Asset Integrity Control and Operative Life Extension Certification
Authors: Salvi J. , Spicci L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
An integrated structural monitoring system (ISMS) for offshore platforms composed of different monitoring networks working simultaneously is presented in this contribution. The sensor networks of the proposed solution allow for covering both global and local key monitoring tasks, and a comprehensive knowledge of structural situation is ensured. It is possible to get precise information on environmental excitations and to measure their effect on the structure. Moreover, a thorough alarm service allows for efficient notification of possible critical situations both in real time and in the long term. Main outcomes obtained from first monitoring experiences on offshore platforms performed over more than five years are presented and explained in detail. The outcomes of the ISMS may represent a valuable input for a wide range of strategic tasks, such as asset integrity control, model update, digital twin. Different key activities related to the asset management can take advantage from the installation of the ISMS, especially in case of aged structures, such as life extension certification, relaxation of periodicity of inspections, energy transition projects.
Secure CO2 Sequestration: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Perspective on Injection Rate Management
Authors: Kor Peyman , Riccardi Enrico , Brumer Bratvold Reidar 
Published: June 2024

Summary
Secure and efficient geological CO2 storage decisions can be supported by models of subsurface porous structure and of the fluid flow in the porous network. Geological and flow modeling is employed in order to optimize the CO2 storage process during the lifetime of the operation. The aim is to minimize the fraction of mobile CO2. To account for injection rates in target wells that are adjusted at different time intervals, a sequential decision-making model has been adopted. The method includes the future evolutions of uncertainties and includes future decisions at each time step ‘t’ until the end of operation. To address the curse of dimensionality associated decision variables (continuous and exponential growth along the time horizon), a Reinforcement Learning (RL) Approach - Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)- is formulated. The example case of the CO2 injection model includes the 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project, focusing on CO2 storage operations in geological settings of realistic complexity. The optimal policy suggested by the RL model provides a control policy that instantaneously maps the observed information (state) to the policy. The RL model and framework of the implementation are presented and discussed. Moreover, the research discusses the computational efficiency and scalability of the framework, providing insights into its potential feasibility for larger-scale CO2 storage projects. By employing state-of-the-art artificial intelligence methods, this research presents an efficient and realistic model for supporting CO2 injection decisions leading to effective and secure solutions for CO2 storage.
Value Creation in Sustainable Energy Transition Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Cheraghi Yasaman , Bratvold Reidar B. , Muhammad Ressi B. , Hong Aojie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The global challenge of climate change has prompted significant steps to reduce CO2 emissions, guided by international agreements like the Paris Agreement, which set targets for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources. Acting too slowly could result in future losses and reputational issues, while moving too swiftly could jeopardize shareholder value due to the marginal profitability or potential losses resulting from technology challenges and the immaturity of many renewable projects. To navigate this complex landscape wisely, energy companies will benefit from developing Sequential Decision Making (SDM) policies to maximize value creation from decision flexibility under uncertainties. However, achieving this goal is not trivial. This necessitates the use of decision-analysis and optimization methods that deliver robust decision insights without prohibitive computational costs or delays.
In this research, we propose a multi-objective SDM framework to model the dynamic energy landscape up to 2050, allowing exploration of various decision strategies related to different portfolios for allocating funds across three sectors: hydrocarbon, renewables, and CO2 reduction investments. This approach aims to maximize value during the transformation while accounting for uncertainties in hydrocarbon and renewable energy productions, energy prices, and production costs. The framework targets three main objectives: maximizing profit, minimizing CO2 emission, and enhancing competitive advantage.
Our research evaluates the benefits of using Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve for the optimal investment decision policy for the SDM context. The sequential decisions of the energy company shape the virtual dynamic environment by influencing various variables. Subsequently, the environment responds with new variable states and immediate value feedback, reflecting the three defined objectives. Through repeated interactions, the RL algorithm navigates the extensive state space, learning the optimal decision policy amidst uncertainties.
Analytical Solution of Stresses Around a Depleting Reservoir Above a Hard Rock Layer with Application to Seismic Hazard Analysis
Authors: van den Hoek Paul J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Surface displacements resulting from reservoir compaction owing to hydrocarbon production are often computed using the nucleus-of-strain concept proposed by Geertsma. This approach enables fast computations for arbitrarilyshaped reservoirs. It was later extended by Van Opstal to calculate surface displacements for compacting reservoirs in the presence of a rigid basement. Later authors further extended Van Opstal’s method to compute displacements, strains and stresses in the 3D subsurface (not just at surface), but those methods were still semi-numerical which significantly hampered computation speed for realistic reservoirs.
Here we propose a ‘truly analytical’ solution of displacements, strains and stresses for a compacting reservoir over a rigid basement in the 3D subsurface. Moreover, we propose a method to enable reliable computation of these quantities close to reservoir centres. The approach is applied to Seismic Hazard Analysis (SHA) in depleting (cooling) reservoirs for geometries where no analytical solutions for stress changes at the fault are available.
Our results show excellent agreement with earlier publications for compacting reservoirs over a rigid basement. Moreover, our method of applying the nucleus-of-strain concept in combination with subdividing the depleting (cooling) reservoir into thin sub-reservoirs yields stress change profiles along intersecting faults that compare well with exact analytical solutions (which are available for 2D reservoirs). Subsequently, our method was applied to more complicated (non-2D) reservoir shapes, in particular, a tilted fault with nonzero offset intersecting a cylindricallyshaped depleted (cooled) area at an arbitrary place. This is important for the SHA of geothermal doublets, where the cooled zones around the injectors generally have cylindrical shapes. Our results show that for many different geometries, the computed 2D profile of the Shear Capacity Utilisation (SCU) at the fault surface can be reasonably well approximated by a simple 1D SCU along the fault dip based on an analytical model. Furthermore, we show that the presence of a rigid basement has a limited impact on depletion-(cooling-)induced SCU for intermediately dipping faults. However, for faults with low or high dip the presence of a rigid basement does have an impact on SCU.
Implementation of a Risk Assessment Procedure to Manage Well Integrity in Underground Gas Storage
Authors: Baronio E. , Busollo C. , Abdo E. , Mauro S. 
Published: June 2024

Underground Gas Storage (UGS) is an essential technique used to ensure strategic amounts of energy that can be stored at a relatively cheap price and successively used when required. Due to their strategic nature,UGS systems are usually placed close to inhabited centers which creates a highly consequential level of damagein a potential leak scenario. This delicate working envelope means that UGS wells must be maintained in good health through a rigorous Well Integrity Management System (WIMS) which will ensure that they are operating within the desired limits and with all risks identified, analyzed, and properly mitigated.
UGS wells present a characteristic behavior that makes them different from normal production wells. In fact, theyare subject to periodic injection and production cycles that apply high levels of stress on the equipment and the completion of the well. The well barrier envelope has the role of impeding an uncontrolled flow of reservoir fluids to the external environment or to other formations. The components that form it must be continuously monitored and verified to ensure that its integrity is not compromised and that it performs its final objective.
Due to the stresses applied on UGS wells, and the concepts upon which these wells are designed, it is possible to find well barrier elements that are operating at the limit of acceptability. In this case, the situation must be analyzed through a dedicated risk assessment and an intervention can be planned to recover the full functionality of the barrier. On the other hand, if the risk assessment shows that the risks associated with the current well barrier condition are under control and proper mitigations are available, the well could be run within a strict working envelope.