bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ankylosaurid dinosaur tail clubs evolved through stepwise acquisition of key features
Authors: Arbour Victoria M. , Currie Philip J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAnkylosaurid ankylosaurs were quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs with abundant dermal ossifications. They are best known for their distinctive tail club composed of stiff, interlocking vertebrae (the handle) and large, bulbous osteoderms (the knob), which may have been used as a weapon. However, tail clubs appear relatively late in the evolution of ankylosaurids, and seemed to have been present only in a derived clade of ankylosaurids during the last 20 million years of the Mesozoic Era. New evidence from mid Cretaceous fossils from China suggests that the evolution of the tail club occurred at least 40 million years earlier, and in a stepwise manner, with early ankylosaurids evolving handle‐like vertebrae before the distal osteoderms enlarged and coossified to form a knob.
Evaluation of care quality for disabled older patients living at home and in institutions
Authors: Chang Shu‐Ching , Shiu Ming‐Neng , Chen Huey‐Tzy , Ng Yee‐Yung , Lin Li‐Chan , Wu Shiao‐Chi 
Published: September 2015

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the level of care quality received by disabled older patients residing at home vs. those residing in institutions.BackgroundTaiwan has an aging society and faces issues of caring for disabled older patients, including increasing needs, insufficient resources and a higher economic burden of care.DesignRetrospective study extracting patient data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance database.MethodsWe enrolled 76,672 disabled older patients aged 65 years and older who resided at home or institutions and had submitted claims for coverage of National Health Insurance for home care received for the first time between 2004–2006. Propensity score matching was applied to create a home‐care group and an institutional‐care group with 27,894 patients each. Indicators of care quality (emergency services use, hospitalisation, infection, pressure ulcers, death) within the first year were observed.ResultsThe home care group had significantly higher emergency services use, fewer hospital admissions and fewer infections, but had significantly higher occurrence of pressure ulcers. The institutional‐care group had significantly lower time intervals between emergencies, fewer deaths, lower risk of emergencies and lower pressure ulcer risk. Males had significantly higher emergency services use than females, and higher risk of hospital admission and death.ConclusionsCare quality indicators for elder care are significantly different between home care and institutional care. The quality of home care is associated with higher emergency services use and pressure ulcer development, and institutional care is associated with number of infections and hospitalisations.Relevance to clinical practiceCare quality indicators were significantly different between home‐care and institutional‐care groups and were closely associated with the characteristics of individual patients’ in the specific settings. Nursing capabilities must be directed towards reducing unnecessary care quality‐related events among high‐risk disabled older patients.
Clinical translation of stem cell transplantation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lindvall O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease (PD), the main pathology underlying the motor symptoms is a loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Clinical trials of intrastriatal transplantation of human foetal mesencephalic tissue have shown that the grafted dopaminergic neurons re‐innervate the striatum, restore striatal dopamine release and, in some cases, induce major, long‐lasting improvement of motor function. However, nonmotor symptoms originating from degeneration outside the striatum or in nondopaminergic systems are not alleviated by intrastriatal implantation of dopaminergic neurons. Stem cells and reprogrammed cells could potentially be used to produce dopaminergic neurons for transplantation in patients with PD. Recent studies demonstrate that standardized preparations of dopaminergic neurons of the correct substantia nigra phenotype can be generated from human embryonic stem cells in large numbers, and they will soon be available for patient application. In addition, dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are being considered for clinical translation. Important challenges include the demonstration of potency (growth capacity and functional efficacy) and safety of the generated dopaminergic neurons in preclinical animal models. The dopaminergic neurons should subsequently be tested, using optimal patient selection and cell preparation and transplantation procedures, in controlled clinical studies.
Headache After Cerebral Angiography: Frequency, Predisposing Factors, and Predictors of Recovery
Authors: Kwon Min A , Hong Chang‐Ki , Joo Jin‐Yang , Kim Yong Bae , Chung Joonho 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEHeadache after cerebral angiography is frequent but has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of headache after cerebral angiography. This study also addressed the predisposing factors that facilitate headache recovery.METHODSA total of 327 patients were included. The patients were ≥20 years old, had alert consciousness, and had received digital subtraction cerebral angiography (DSA) for cerebrovascular diseases or intracranial tumors. All the patients stayed in the hospital for ≥24 hours after DSA. Among them, 277 patients who did not complain of headache on admission were analyzed for headache risk factors and incidence after DSA.RESULTSHeadache developed after DSA in 154 (55.6%) patients. Headache occurrence was independently associated with history of headache (odds ratio [OR] 4.625; P = .014), the indication for DSA (OR 4.141; P < .001), and the education level (OR 1.366; P = .036). Of the 154 patients who experienced headache after DSA, 120 (77.9%) patients recovered within 24 hours. Both diabetes (OR 2.469; P = .043) and the indication for DSA (OR 2.276; P = .028) were independent predisposing factors for headache recovery.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of headache after DSA was 55.6%. Patients with a previous history of headaches, cerebrovascular disease, or a college education may have a higher risk of developing post‐DSA headaches than do those without such history. Headache recovery may be associated with a patient history of diabetes or cerebrovascular disease.
Histogram Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters in Pediatric Cerebellar Tumors
Authors: Wagner Matthias W. , Narayan Anand K. , Bosemani Thangamadhan , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. , Poretti Andrea 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEApparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values have been shown to assist in differentiating cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. Previous studies have applied only ADC measurements and calculated the mean/median values. Here we investigated the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) histogram characteristics of the entire tumor for differentiation of cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas and medulloblastomas.METHODSPresurgical DTI data were analyzed with a region of interest (ROI) approach to include the entire tumor. For each tumor, histogram‐derived metrics including the 25th percentile, 75th percentile, and skewness were calculated for fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial (RD) diffusivity. The histogram metrics were used as primary predictors of interest in a logistic regression model. Statistical significance levels were set at p < .01.RESULTSThe study population included 17 children with pilocytic astrocytoma and 16 with medulloblastoma (mean age, 9.21 ± 5.18 years and 7.66 ± 4.97 years, respectively). Compared to children with medulloblastoma, children with pilocytic astrocytoma showed higher MD (P = .003 and P = .008), AD (P = .004 and P = .007), and RD (P = .003 and P = .009) values for the 25th and 75th percentile. In addition, histogram skewness showed statistically significant differences for MD between low‐ and high‐grade tumors (P = .008).CONCLUSIONSThe 25th percentile for MD yields the best results for the presurgical differentiation between pediatric cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. The analysis of other DTI metrics does not provide additional diagnostic value. Our study confirms the diagnostic value of the quantitative histogram analysis of DTI data in pediatric neuro‐oncology.
Does crown/implant ratio influence the survival and marginal bone level of short single implants in the mandibular molar? A preliminary investigation consisting of 12 patients
Authors: Ghariani L. , Segaan L. , Rayyan M. M. , Galli S. , Jimbo R. , Ibrahim A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryCrown/implant (C/I) ratio has been proven to not affect the survival of the implants; however, it is also a fact that no evidence exists with regard to the use of single short implants in the mandibular molar. The aim of this study was to determine whether the crown/implant ratios of single implant‐supported fixed restorations on implants of 6–8 mm in the mandibular molar have an impact on the implant survival and marginal bone maintenance. Twelve short dental implants (6–8 mm) were installed and restored with single crowns, loaded after 3 months of healing. The restorations were divided according to crown‐to‐implant ratio into two groups: Group 1: C/I < 2·0 and Group 2: C/I ≧ 2·0. Alveolar bone loss was measured using CBCT scan, taken at the implant placement and after 12 months follow‐up from loading. Reduced implant/crown ratio shown no statistic significant differences on implant survival and the alveolar bone level compared with recommended implant/crown ratio. Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that reduced C/I ratio could be used as a substitute for recommended C/I ratio in severely mandibular atrophic residual alveolar ridges.
Longing for Ex‐Partners out of Fear of Being Single
Authors: Spielmann Stephanie S. , MacDonald Geoff , Joel Samantha , Impett Emily A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis research investigated whether people who fear being single have a more difficult time letting go of ex‐partners following a romantic breakup. Data were collected in a cross‐sectional study (N = 209, 64% women, Mage = 30 years old) as well as a 1‐month daily experience study of individuals who just went through a romantic breakup (N = 117, 44% women, Mage = 27 years old). Findings from both studies revealed that those with stronger fear of being single (Spielmann et al., 2013) reported greater longing for their ex‐partners. Pre‐ to post‐breakup analyses revealed that fear of being single increased after a breakup, regardless of who initiated the breakup. Within‐day analyses revealed that longing for an ex‐partner and attempts to renew the relationship were greater on days with stronger fear of being single. Lagged‐day analyses provided support for the conclusion that fear of being single increased longing and renewal attempts over time, but longing and renewal attempts did not influence fear of being single. These findings suggest that fear of being single is a particularly useful construct for understanding the romantic detachment process.
The Bright Side of Threatened Narcissism: Improved Performance Following Ego Threat
Authors: Nevicka Barbora , Baas Matthijs , Ten Velden Femke S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNarcissistic individuals have highly positive self‐views and overestimate their abilities. Consequently, they tend to react aggressively whenever they receive information that does not match their high self‐views (ego threat). We argue that focusing on aggression merely portrays a one‐sided view of narcissistic individuals and the manner in which they counter ego threats. We propose that following ego threat, narcissism can also fuel performance. In four studies, we measured nonclinical narcissism and allocated Dutch undergraduate university students (N1 = 175, N2 = 142, N3 = 159, N4 = 174) to either an ego threat or a no ego threat condition. Ego threat involved negative feedback (Studies 1–2) or threat to uniqueness (Studies 3–4). We measured participants’ intentions to complete a challenging task (Study 1), their creative performance (Studies 2–3), and their performance on an anagram task (Study 4). Across Studies 1–3, we consistently found that following ego threat, higher nonclinical narcissism was associated with greater willingness to perform tasks that enabled demonstration of abilities and enhanced creative performance. These results were confirmed using a meta‐analysis. However, anagram performance was not enhanced following ego threat. We provide additional analyses that might help explain this. Our findings thus reveal a more positive side to the way narcissistic individuals manage threats to their self‐image.
THE PROBLEMATIC WORLD OF FOLLOWING A RENAL DIET OUTSIDE THE HOME
Authors: Morris Andrew , Love Helen , van Aar Zulaika , Liles Clive , Roskell Carolyn 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundIndividuals on peritoneal dialysis are given dietary advice to help reduce disease morbidity and mortality. However, the experience of people who have been given this advice is not well researched.ObjectiveTo understand the experiences of individuals on peritoneal dialysis when following dietary advice.MethodA phenomenological approach, using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews was used to understand the experiences of ten service‐users of the renal dietetic service. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis.FindingsOne theme emerged around difficulty when eating outside the home. Individuals experienced negative emotions when following advice. Individuals ate foods reluctantly, offered excuses as to why meals could not be eaten, or in extreme cases did not attend certain social gatherings in order to avoid the perceived attention and judgement from fellow guests related to their food choices.ConclusionA renal diet for peritoneal dialysis may be difficult to follow outside the home. Further support around eating in social situations may need to be offered when giving dietary advice.
Adolescent Student Use of School‐Based Salad Bars
Authors: Andersen Lori , Myers Leann , O'Malley Keelia , Mundorf Adrienne R. , Harris Diane M. , Johnson Carolyn C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildhood obesity continues to be a public health problem in the United States. Increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables (F/V) is one strategy for decreasing high consumption of energy‐dense, high‐fat foods, thereby improving weight status. Many Orleans Parish public schools were provided with salad bars (SBs) to augment school lunch with increased access to F/V. This study identified factors associated with student use of SBs.METHODSSurveys examining SB use, demographics, food preference, nutrition knowledge, and social support were administered to students in the 7th to 12th grades (N = 702) in Orleans Parish (New Orleans, Louisiana). Generalized estimating equations, which incorporate clustering at the school level, helped to determine associations between independent variables and SB use.RESULTSSixty percent of participants were SB users. Non‐African‐American students were more likely to be SB users than African‐American students (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35, confidence interval [CI]: 1.35‐4.07) and students who had high preference for healthy food were more likely to use the SB than those who had low preference (OR = 2.41, CI: 1.44‐4.01). Students who encouraged others to consume F/V were more likely to use the SB than those who did not (p = .015).CONCLUSIONSIndividual and interpersonal factors related to SB use can provide guidance in the development of school‐based interventions to increase SB use and F/V consumption.
Snoring in children
Authors: Chawla Jasneek , Waters Karen Ann 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChronic snoring (≥4 nights per week) is not benign. Otherwise healthy children with chronic snoring and evidence of adenotonsillar hypertrophy can be referred directly for adenotonsillectomy. Snoring children <30 months or with significant medical comorbidities should be referred for specialist sleep evaluation. Older children with intermittent snoring or without significant medical comorbidities can be managed with a combination of medical and surgical interventions listed herein.
Use of quality measurement across US dental delivery systems: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Alrqiq Hosam M. , Edelstein Burton L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesDentistry is increasingly challenged by payers and the public to demonstrate quality measurement (QM) activities that substantiate value. Unknown is how various components of the US oral health‐care financing and delivery systems have adopted QM. The objective of this study is to explore QM activities by US dental delivery, management, financing, and related organizations.MethodsUsing a structured interview guide based on a novel conceptual framework that incorporates factors influencing QM intention, adoption, and implementation, 19 key informant interviews were conducted. Informants represented safety net delivery programs (health center, nonprofit mobile, hospital‐based, Veterans Administration, and tribal dental programs), private delivery organizations (private practice, closed panel HMO, and for‐profit mobile dental programs), training programs that deliver care (dental and dental therapy programs), management organizations (private and Medicaid group practice management companies), care financing organizations (Medicaid managed care plan, state Medicaid program, dental benefits companies), and dental quality organizations (institute and dental professional organization). Interviews were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively.ResultsInformants report wide variation in the intensity of QM efforts with organizational leadership cited as most influential. Motivation to adopt QM efforts is more often internal than imposed. Data management and information technology both facilitate and limit QM activities. QM activities are associated with operational improvements including use of guidelines and refinements of mission. Organizational type and size appear to influence QM programs.ConclusionThe current status of QM is highly variable across dental organizations because organizational leadership, needs, and requirements vary according to mission and structure.
Predominance of 2‐hydroxymelatonin over melatonin in plants
Authors: Byeon Yeong , Tan Dun‐Xian , Reiter Russel J. , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe cloning of the gene encoding melatonin 2‐hydroxylase (M2H), which is responsible for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxymelatonin, has expanded the study of melatonin metabolism in plants. Kinetic analysis of M2H enzymatic activity demonstrated that the catalytic efficiency of M2H is much higher than those of other melatonin biosynthetic enzymes such as serotonin N‐acetyltransferase (SNAT) and N‐acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase (ASMT), suggesting that melatonin metabolism is rapid in plants. To test this prediction, we selected 24 plant species belonging to 16 families and quantified the levels of melatonin and 2‐hydroxymelatonin using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The melatonin levels in most of the species were <1 ng/g fresh weight (FW), while those in leaves from radish and feverfew were 3.5 and 3.3 ng/g FW, respectively. In contrast, the average levels of 2‐hydroxymelatonin were much higher at 6.2 ng/g FW. The average ratio of 2‐hydroxymelatonin to melatonin in plants was approximately 368:1, indicating that the accumulation of 2‐hydroxymelatonin predominates over that of melatonin. These data were consistent with previous results on the kinetics of the corresponding enzymes, as well as with in vivo melatonin conversion data. Among several melatonin metabolites in plants, the most abundant metabolite was found to be 2‐hydroxymelatonin (99%) followed by 4‐hydroxymelatonin (0.05%), but 6‐hydroxymelatonin was not detected in rice seedlings.
Effect of a potential probiotics Lactococcus garvieae B301 on the growth performance, immune parameters and caecum microflora of broiler chickens
Authors: Zhang T. , Xie J. , Zhang M. , Fu N. , Zhang Y. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn this study, a novel Lactococcus garvieae B301 was isolated from the intestinal tract of a healthy piglet. L. garvieae B301 was tolerant to acid pH, simulated gastric and small intestinal transit juices, indicating that it was capable of surviving in the gastrointestinal tract. L. garvieae B301 was safe and beneficial to broilers, as broiler chickens supplemented with L. garvieae B301 had lower diarrhoea incidence and mortality than the Control. Moreover, supplementation of broiler diets with L. garvieae B301 resulted in an increase in body weight and the number of caecum lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp., and decrease in feed‐to‐gain ratio and the number of caecum coliforms. It also had a positive effect on the thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index and enhanced serum levels of immune globulins. All these results showed that L. garvieae B301 could enhance the growth performance of broiler chickens and improve their health. Thus, L. garvieae B301 could be a promising feed additive for broiler chickens.
Phylotranscriptomic analyses in plants using Betulaceae as an example
Authors: Ma Hui , Lu Jing , Liu Bing‐Bing , Duan Bing‐Bing , He Xiao‐Dong , Liu Jian‐Quan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith the advance of next‐generation sequencing techniques, phylogenetic analyses based on genomic data are becoming frequent in plants. However, the efficacy of different methods used to retrieve orthologs for phylogenetic studies based on transcriptome sequences is rarely compared and examined for closely related species with low genetic differentiation. In this study, we used both low‐copy gene‐based approaches and mapping‐based approaches to construct a phylogeny of Betulaceae. We found that both approaches showed no distinct differences in phylogeny construction and associated bootstrap support, although mapping‐based methods seemed to be superior to the former in all analyses particularly when the summed length of orthologs was not long enough. Phylogenetic relationships within the family, largely consistent with those previously based on chloroplast DNA and nuclear internal transcribed spacer sequence variations, received high support for all clades and subclades. However, we found that support values for the sister relationship between two polyploid genera were lower than those between diploid groups if only a few orthologs were sampled. This may result from ortholog misidentification due to genome duplications.