bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pericarp anatomy and hormone profiles of cypselas in dormant and non‐dormant inbred sunflower lines
Authors: Andrade A. , Riera N. , Lindstrom L. , Alemano S. , Alvarez D. , Abdala G. , Vigliocco A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe pericarp anatomy and the effects of storage after harvest, storage temperature and early cypsela imbibition on phytohormone profiles were studied in inbred sunflower lines B123 and B91. On day 0, germination of B123 cypselas was near 0%, indicating dormancy, whereas that of B91 cypselas was near 100%, indicating non‐dormancy. The germination of B123 and B91 on day 33 at room temperature (25 °C) storage was similar. Cell wall thickness and sclerification of the pericarp were higher in B123 than B91, suggesting that structural characteristics may contribute to physical dormancy in B123. Jasmonates (JAs), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in dry and imbibed pericarps. SA content of dry pericarp was higher on day 33 than day 0. SA content during imbibition on day 33 was similar for room and low (−20 °C) storage temperatures. ABA content after 12 h imbibition was similar on days 0 and 33 at low temperature, but it increased on day 33 at room temperature for B123. 12‐Oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA) was maximal on day 0 for B123, but peaked at day 33 at low temperature for B91. JA was higher on days 0 and 33 at room temperature as compared with low temperature. Our findings indicate that pericarp hormone profiles are affected in the two lines with different dormancy degree depending on storage conditions and imbibition processes.
Donor‐transmitted malaria after heart transplant managed successfully with artesunate
Authors: Sabé N. , González‐Costello J. , Oriol I. , Sánchez‐Salado J.C. , Ortega S. , Oliver E. , Manito N. , Carratalà J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDonor‐transmitted malaria is a rare complication in solid organ transplantation, which causes high mortality. Data concerning the use of artesunate in solid organ transplant recipients are lacking. We report a heart transplant patient who developed donor‐derived severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, successfully treated with artesunate. Transmission of malaria to 2 of the other transplant recipients from the same donor was also documented.
Longitudinal dose distribution and energy absorption in PMMA and water cylinders undergoing CT scans
Authors: Li Xinhua , Zhang Da , Liu Bob 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:The knowledge of longitudinal dose distribution provides the most direct view of the accumulated dose in computed tomography (CT) scanning. The purpose of this work was to perform a comprehensive study of dose distribution width and energy absorption with a wide range of subject sizes and beam irradiated lengths.Methods:Cumulative dose distribution along the z‐axis was calculated based on the previously published CT dose equilibration data by Li, Zhang, and Liu [Med. Phys. 40, 031903 (10pp.) (2013)] and a mechanism for computing dose on axial lines by Li, Zhang, and Liu [Med. Phys. 39, 5347–5352 (2012)]. Full width at half maximum (FWHM), full width at tenth maximum (FWTM), the total energy (E) absorbed in a small cylinder of unit mass per centimeter square about the central or peripheral axis, and the energy (Ein) absorbed inside irradiated length (L) were subsequently extracted from the dose distribution.Results:Extensive results of FWHM, FWTM, and Ein/E were presented on the central and peripheral axes of infinitely long PMMA (diameters 6–50 cm) and water (diameters 6–55 cm) cylinders with L < 100 cm. FWHM was greater than the primary beam width only on the central axes of large phantoms and also with L ranging from a few centimeter to about 33 cm. FWTM generally increased with phantom diameter, and could be up to 32 cm longer than irradiated length, depending on L, phantom diameter and axis, but was insensitive to phantom material (PMMA or water). Ein/E increased with L and asymptotically approached unity for large L. As phantom diameter increased, Ein/E generally decreased, but asymptotically approached constant levels on the peripheral axes of large phantoms. A heuristic explanation of dose distribution width results was presented.Conclusions:This study enables the reader to gain a comprehensive view of dose distribution width and energy absorption and provides useful data for estimating doses to organs inside or beyond the irradiated region. The dose length product (DLP) presented by CT scanners is equal to neither E nor Ein. Both E and Ein can be evaluated using the equations and results presented in this paper and are robust with both constant and variable tube current scanning techniques.
Variation of kQclin,Qmsrfclin,fmsr for the small‐field dosimetric parameters percentage depth dose, tissue‐maximum ratio, and off‐axis ratio
Authors: Francescon Paolo , Beddar Sam , Satariano Ninfa , Das Indra J. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:Evaluate the ability of different dosimeters to correctly measure the dosimetric parameters percentage depth dose (PDD), tissue‐maximum ratio (TMR), and off‐axis ratio (OAR) in water for small fields.Methods:Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were used to estimate the variation of for several types of microdetectors as a function of depth and distance from the central axis for PDD, TMR, and OAR measurements. The variation of enables one to evaluate the ability of a detector to reproduce the PDD, TMR, and OAR in water and consequently determine whether it is necessary to apply correction factors. The correctness of the simulations was verified by assessing the ratios between the PDDs and OARs of 5‐ and 25‐mm circular collimators used with a linear accelerator measured with two different types of dosimeters (the PTW 60012 diode and PTW PinPoint 31014 microchamber) and the PDDs and the OARs measured with the Exradin W1 plastic scintillator detector (PSD) and comparing those ratios with the corresponding ratios predicted by the MC simulations.Results:MC simulations reproduced results with acceptable accuracy compared to the experimental results; therefore, MC simulations can be used to successfully predict the behavior of different dosimeters in small fields. The Exradin W1 PSD was the only dosimeter that reproduced the PDDs, TMRs, and OARs in water with high accuracy. With the exception of the EDGE diode, the stereotactic diodes reproduced the PDDs and the TMRs in water with a systematic error of less than 2% at depths of up to 25 cm; however, they produced OAR values that were significantly different from those in water, especially in the tail region (lower than 20% in some cases). The microchambers could be used for PDD measurements for fields greater than those produced using a 10‐mm collimator. However, with the detector stem parallel to the beam axis, the microchambers could be used for TMR measurements for all field sizes. The microchambers could not be used for OAR measurements for small fields.Conclusions:Compared with MC simulation, the Exradin W1 PSD can reproduce the PDDs, TMRs, and OARs in water with a high degree of accuracy; thus, the correction used for converting dose is very close to unity. The stereotactic diode is a viable alternative because it shows an acceptable systematic error in the measurement of PDDs and TMRs and a significant underestimation in only the tail region of the OAR measurements, where the dose is low and differences in dose may not be therapeutically meaningful.
Draft Genome Sequence of Geotrichum candidum Strain 3C
Authors: Polev Dmitrii E. , Bobrov Kirill S. , Eneyskaya Elena V. , Kulminskaya Anna A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Geotrichum candidum
strain 3C, which is a filamentous yeast-like fungus that holds great promise for biotechnology. The genome was sequenced using Ion Torrent and 454 platforms. The estimated genome size was 41.4 Mb, and 14,579 protein-coding genes were predicted
ab initio.
Enlarged pulmonary artery is predicted by vascular injury biomarkers and is associated with WTC-Lung Injury in exposed fire fighters: a case–control study
Authors: Schenck Edward J , Echevarria Ghislaine C , Girvin Francis G , Kwon Sophia , Comfort Ashley L , Rom William N , Prezant David J , Weiden Michael D , Nolan Anna 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesWe hypothesise that there is an association between an elevated pulmonary artery/aorta (PA/A) and World Trade Center-Lung Injury (WTC-LI). We assessed if serum vascular disease biomarkers were predictive of an elevated PA/A.DesignRetrospective case-cohort analysis of thoracic CT scans of WTC-exposed firefighters who were symptomatic between 9/12/2001 and 3/10/2008. Quantification of vascular-associated biomarkers from serum collected within 200 days of exposure.SettingUrban tertiary care centre and occupational healthcare centre.ParticipantsMale never-smoking firefighters with accurate pre-9/11 forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ≥75%, serum sampled ≤200 days of exposure was the baseline cohort (n=801). A subcohort (n=97) with available CT scans and serum biomarkers was identified. WTC-LI was defined as FEV1≤77% at the subspecialty pulmonary evaluation (n=34) and compared with controls (n=63) to determine the associated PA/A ratio. The subcohort was restratified based on PA/A≥0.92 (n=38) and PA/A<0.92(n=59) to determine serum vascular biomarkers that were predictive of this vasculopathy.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome of this study was to identify a PA/A ratio in a cohort of individuals exposed to WTC dust that was associated with WTC-LI. The secondary outcome was to identify serum biomarkers predictive of the PA/A ratio using logistic regression.ResultsPA/A≥0.92 was associated with WTC-LI, OR of 4.02 (95% CI 1.21 to 13.41; p=0.023) when adjusted for exposure, body mass index and age at CT. Elevated macrophage derived chemokine and soluble endothelial selectin were predictive of PA/A≥0.92, (OR, 95% CI 2.08, 1.05 to 4.11, p=0.036; 1.33, 1.06 to 1.68, p=0.016, respectively), while the increased total plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 was predictive of not having PA/A≥0.92 (OR 0.88, 0.79 to 0.98; p=0.024).ConclusionsElevated PA/A was associated with WTC-LI. Development of an elevated PA/A was predicted by biomarkers of vascular disease found in serum drawn within 6 months of WTC exposure. Increased PA/A is a potentially useful non-invasive biomarker of WTC-LI and warrants further study.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 overexpression is predictive of poor prognosis in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Li Chien-Feng , He Hong-Lin , Wang Jaw-Yuan , Huang Hsuan-Ying , Wu Ting-Fe , Hsing Chung-Hsi , Lee Sung-Wei , Lee Hao-Hsien , Fang Jui-Lung , Huang Wen-Tsung , Chen Shang-Hung 
Published: October 2014

AimsNeoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by surgery is an increasingly used therapeutic strategy for advanced rectal cancer, but risk stratification and final outcomes remain suboptimal. Recently, the oncogenic role of the fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling pathway has been recognised; however, its clinical significance in rectal cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we identify and validate targetable drivers associated with the FGFR signalling pathway in rectal cancer patients treated with CCRT.MethodsUsing a published transcriptome of rectal cancers, we foundFGFR2gene significantly predicted response to CCRT. The expression levels of FGFR2, using immunohistochemistry assays, were further evaluated in 172 rectal cancer specimens that had not received any treatment. Expression levels of FGFR2 were statistically correlated with major clinicopathological features and clinical survival in this valid cohort.ResultsHigh expression of FGFR2 was significantly related to advanced pretreatment tumour (p=0.022) and nodal status (p=0.026), post-treatment tumour (p<0.001) and nodal status (p=0.004), and inferior tumour regression grade (p<0.001). In survival analyses, high expression of FGFR2 was significantly associated with shorter local recurrence-free survival (p=0.0001), metastasis-free survival (MeFS; p=0.0003) and disease-specific survival (DSS; p<0.0001). Notably, high expression of FGFR2 was independently predictive of worse outcomes for MeFS (p=0.002, HR=5.387) and DSS (p=0.004, HR=4.997).ConclusionsHigh expression of FGFR2 is correlated with advanced tumour stage, poor therapeutic response and worse survival in rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant CCRT. These findings indicate that FGFR2 is a prognostic factor for treating rectal cancer.
Designing Vibrotactile Codes to Communicate Verb Phrases
Authors: Prasad Manoj , Russell Murat , Hammond Tracy A. 
Published: October 2014

Soldiers, to guard themselves from enemy assault, have to maintain visual and auditory awareness of their environment. Their visual and auditory senses are thus saturated. This makes these channels less usable for communication. The tactile medium of communication with users is appropriate for displaying information in such situations. Research in interpersonal communication among soldiers shows that the most common form of communication between soldiers involves the use of verb phrases. In this article, we have developed a three-by-three tactile display and proposed a method for mapping the components of a verb phrase to two dimensions of tactile codes—shape and waveform. Perception of tactile codes by users depends on the ability of users to distinguish shape and waveform of the code. We have proposed a measure to rate the distinguish-ability of any two shapes and created a graph-based user-centric model using this measure to select distinguishable shapes from a set of all presentable shapes.
We conducted two user studies to evaluate the ability of users to perceive tactile information. The results from our first study showed users' ability to perceive tactile shapes, tactile waveforms, and form verb phrases from tactile codes. The recognition accuracy and time taken to distinguish were better when the shapes were selected from the graph model than when shapes were chosen based on intuition. The second user study was conducted to test the performance of users while performing a primary visual task simultaneously with a secondary audio or haptic task. Users were more familiar with perceiving information from an auditory medium than from a haptic medium, which was reflected in their performance. Thus the performance of users in the primary visual task was better while using an audio medium of communication than while using a haptic medium of communication.
Ginseng
Authors: Agmon Ben-Yehuda Orna , Posener Eyal , Ben-Yehuda Muli , Schuster Assaf , Mu'alem Ahuva 
Published: October 2014

Physical memory is the scarcest resource in today's cloud computing platforms. Cloud providers would like to maximize their clients' satisfaction by renting precious physical memory to those clients who value it the most. But real-world cloud clients are selfish: they will only tell their providers the truth about how much they value memory when it is in their own best interest to do so. How can real-world cloud providers allocate memory efficiently to those (selfish) clients who value it the most?
We present Ginseng, the first market-driven cloud system that allocates memory efficiently to selfish cloud clients. Ginseng incentivizes selfish clients to bid their true value for the memory they need when they need it. Ginseng continuously collects client bids, finds an efficient memory allocation, and re-allocates physical memory to the clients that value it the most. Ginseng achieves a 6.2×--15.8x improvement (83%--100% of the optimum) in aggregate client satisfaction when compared with state-of-the-art approaches for cloud memory allocation.
Shrinking the hypervisor one subsystem at a time
Authors: Stecklina Julian 
Published: October 2014

Efficient and secure networking between virtual machines is crucial in a time where a large share of the services on the Internet and in private datacenters run in virtual machines. To achieve this efficiency, virtualization solutions, such as Qemu/KVM, move toward a monolithic system architecture in which all performance critical functionality is implemented directly in the hypervisor in privileged mode. This is an attack surface in the hypervisor that can be used from compromised VMs to take over the virtual machine host and all VMs running on it.
We show that it is possible to implement an efficient network switch nfor virtual machines as an unprivileged userspace component running in the host system including the driver for the upstream network adapter. Our network switch relies on functionality already present in the KVM hypervisor and requires no changes to Linux, the host operating system, and the guest.
Our userspace implementation compares favorably to the existing in-kernel implementation with respect to throughput and latency. We reduced per-packet overhead by using a run-to-completion model an are able to outperform the unmodified system for VM-to-VM traffic by a large margin when packet rates are high.
Phosphoinositide Protein Kinase PDPK1 Is a Crucial Cell Signaling Mediator in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Chinen Yoshiaki , Kuroda Junya , Shimura Yuji , Nagoshi Hisao , Kiyota Miki , Yamamoto-Sugitani Mio , Mizutani Shinsuke , Sakamoto Natsumi , Ri Masaki , Kawata Eri , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Matsumoto Yosuke , Horiike Shigeo , Iida Shinsuke , Taniwaki Masafumi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a cytogenetically/molecularly heterogeneous hematologic malignancy that remains mostly incurable, and the identification of a universal and relevant therapeutic target molecule is essential for the further development of therapeutic strategy. Herein, we identified that 3-phosphoinositide–dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1), a serine threonine kinase, is expressed and active in all eleven multiple myeloma–derived cell lines examined regardless of the type of cytogenetic abnormality, the mutation state of RAS and FGFR3 genes, or the activation state of ERK and AKT. Our results revealed that PDPK1 is a pivotal regulator of molecules that are essential for myelomagenesis, such as RSK2, AKT, c-MYC, IRF4, or cyclin Ds, and that PDPK1 inhibition caused the growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis with the activation of BIM and BAD, and augmented the in vitro cytotoxic effects of antimyeloma agents in myeloma cells. In the clinical setting, PDPK1 was active in myeloma cells of approximately 90% of symptomatic patients at diagnosis, and the smaller population of patients with multiple myeloma exhibiting myeloma cells without active PDPK1 showed a significantly less frequent proportion of the disease stage III by the International Staging System and a significantly more favorable prognosis, including the longer overall survival period and the longer progression-free survival period by bortezomib treatment, than patients with active PDPK1, suggesting that PDPK1 activation accelerates the disease progression and the resistance to treatment in multiple myeloma. Our study demonstrates that PDPK1 is a potent and a universally targetable signaling mediator in multiple myeloma regardless of the types of cytogenetic/molecular profiles. Cancer Res; 74(24); 7418–29. ©2014 AACR.
Attribution of 12 High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes to Infection and Cervical Disease
Authors: Joura Elmar A. , Ault Kevin A. , Bosch F. Xavier , Brown Darron , Cuzick Jack , Ferris Daron , Garland Suzanne M. , Giuliano Anna R. , Hernandez-Avila Mauricio , Huh Warner , Iversen Ole-Erik , Kjaer Susanne K. , Luna Joaquin , Miller Dianne , Monsonego Joseph , Munoz Nubia , Myers Evan , Paavonen Jorma , Pitisuttithum Punnee , Steben Marc , Wheeler Cosette M. , Perez Gonzalo , Saah Alfred , Luxembourg Alain , Sings Heather L. , Velicer Christine 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Background: We estimated the prevalence and incidence of 14 human papillomavirus (HPV) types (6/11/16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59) in cervicovaginal swabs, and the attribution of these HPV types in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), using predefined algorithms that adjusted for multiple-type infected lesions.
Methods: A total of 10,656 women ages 15 to 26 years and 1,858 women ages 24 to 45 years were enrolled in the placebo arms of one of three clinical trials of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine. We estimated the cumulative incidence of persistent infection and the proportion of CIN/AIS attributable to individual carcinogenic HPV genotypes, as well as the proportion of CIN/AIS lesions potentially preventable by a prophylactic 9-valent HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 vaccine.
Results: The cumulative incidence of persistent infection with ≥1 of the seven high-risk types included in the 9-valent vaccine was 29%, 12%, and 6% for women ages 15 to 26, 24 to 34, and 35 to 45 years, respectively. A total of 2,507 lesions were diagnosed as CIN or AIS by an expert pathology panel. After adjusting for multiple-type infected lesions, among women ages 15 to 45 years, these seven high-risk types were attributed to 43% to 55% of CIN1, 70% to 78% of CIN2, 85% to 91% of CIN3, and 95% to 100% of AIS lesions, respectively. The other tested types (HPV35/39/51/56/59) were attributed to 23% to 30% of CIN1, 7% to 14% of CIN2, 3% to 4% of CIN3, and 0% of AIS lesions, respectively.
Conclusions: Approximately 85% or more of CIN3/AIS, &gt;70% CIN2, and approximately 50% of CIN1 lesions worldwide are attributed to HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58.
Impact: If 9-valent HPV vaccination programs are effectively implemented, the majority of CIN2 and CIN3 lesions worldwide could be prevented, in addition to approximately one-half of CIN1. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 1997–2008. ©2014 AACR.
Effect of Low Perceived Social Support on Health Outcomes in Young Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients (VIRGO) Study
Authors: Bucholz Emily M. , Strait Kelly M. , Dreyer Rachel P. , Geda Mary , Spatz Erica S. , Bueno Hector , Lichtman Judith H. , D'Onofrio Gail , Spertus John A. , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: October 2014

Background

Social support is an important predictor of health outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
), but social support varies by sex and age. Differences in social support could account for sex differences in outcomes of young patients with
AMI
.

Methods and Results

Data from the Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young
AMI
Patients (
VIRGO
) study, an observational study of
AMI
patients aged ≤55 years in the United States and Spain, were used for this study. Patients were categorized as having low versus moderate/high perceived social support using the
ENRICHD
Social Support Inventory. Outcomes included health status (Short Form‐12 physical and mental component scores), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire), and angina‐related quality of life (Seattle Angina Questionnaire) evaluated at baseline and 12 months. Among 3432 patients, 21.2% were classified as having low social support. Men and women had comparable levels of social support at baseline. On average, patients with low social support reported lower functional status and quality of life and more depressive symptoms at baseline and 12 months post‐
AMI
. After multivariable adjustment, including baseline health status, low social support was associated with lower mental functioning, lower quality of life, and more depressive symptoms at 12 months (all
P
<0.001). The relationship between low social support and worse physical functioning was nonsignificant after adjustment (
P
=0.6). No interactions were observed between social support, sex, or country.

Conclusion

Lower social support is associated with worse health status and more depressive symptoms 12 months after
AMI
in both young men and women. Sex did not modify the effect of social support.