bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Genetic Counseling Students’ Perspective on Their Training Experience in the United States
Authors: Sabbadini Marta , Naldi Mariana , Packman Wendy , Youngblom Janey , Weil Jon 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInternational students face social, psychological and academic challenges upon moving to a foreign country to pursue higher education. Clinical disciplines such as genetic counseling present additional challenges adapting to an unfamiliar health care system and different interactions and expectations with patients and colleagues. This study used semi‐structured interviews to identify challenges that international genetic counseling students face during training in the United States. Eight international genetic counseling alumni who graduated from U.S.‐accredited programs were interviewed. Participants stated that the U.S. academic system was unfamiliar—class participation and paper‐writing required the greatest adjustment. There was a need for help in understanding social norms in academic settings. Clinically, they were unfamiliar with the dynamics and communication style of U.S. families. Non‐native English speakers experienced greater difficulty in all areas. Most participants reported that they were uncomfortable asking for help in transitioning to life, study and work. Participants identified mentorship programs for international students as potentially useful in clarifying expectations in academic and clinical settings. These results may assist international students preparing to study genetic counseling in the U.S. and may help genetic counseling training programs identify the academic and clinical challenges faced by international students.
Key factors in work engagement and job motivation of teaching faculty at a
university medical centre
Authors: Van den Berg B. A. M. , Bakker Arnold B. , Ten Cate Th. J. 
Published: September 2013

This study reports about teacher motivation and work engagement in a Dutch
University Medical Centre (UMC). We examined factors affecting the motivation for
teaching in a UMC, the engagement of UMC Utrecht teaching faculty in their work, and
their engagement in teaching compared with engagement in patient care and research.
Based on a pilot study within various departments at the UMCU, a survey on teaching
motivation and work engagement was developed and sent to over 600 UMCU teachers. About
50 % responded. Work engagement was measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale,
included in this survey. From a list of 22 pre-defined items, 5 were marked as most
motivating: teaching about my own speciality, noticeable appreciation for teaching by my
direct superior, teaching small groups, feedback on my teaching performance, and freedom
to determine what I teach. Feedback on my teaching performance showed the strongest
predictive value for teaching engagement. Engagement scores were relatively favourable,
but engagement with patient care was higher than with research and teaching. Task
combinations appear to decrease teaching engagement. Our results match with
self-determination theory and the job demands–resources model, and challenge the policy
to combine teaching with research and patient care.
Mothers' marital history and the physical and mental health of young adults: An investigation over the early life course
Authors: Wickrama Kandauda (K.A.S.) , Lee Tae Kyoung , O'Neal Catherine Walker 
Published: September 2013

AbstractUsing survey data from 12,424 adolescents and their mothers over 13 years in the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the purpose of this study was to examine a life course model exploring the pathways linking mothers' marital history (identified as latent classes) and young adult health outcomes. During young adulthood (Wave 4), respondents ranged in age from 19 to 32. The results demonstrated unique long‐term influences of stressful marital history typologies of mothers (prior to 1995) on the physical and mental health of young adults (2008) with reference to consistently married mothers after controlling for health status in 2001. These influences operated through family processes (economic pressure and parental rejection) and adolescent psychosocial adjustment (self‐esteem, academic performance, and delinquent behavior). Our findings show that vulnerable groups of youth, in terms of mothers' marital history, can be identified early for appropriate intervention efforts.
Respiratory morbidity of preterm infants of less than 33 weeks gestation without bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a 12-month follow-up of the CASTOR study cohort
Authors: FAUROUX B. , GOUYON J.-B. , ROZE J.-C. , GUILLERMET-FROMENTIN C. , GLORIEUX I. , ADAMON L. , DI MAIO M. , ANGHELESCU D. , MILORADOVICH T. , ESCANDE B. , ELLEAU C. , PINQUIER D. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to describe the incidence and risk factors for respiratory morbidity during the 12-month period following the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season in 242 preterm infants [<33 weeks gestational age (GA)] without bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 201 full-term infants (39–41 weeks GA) from the French CASTOR study cohort. Preterm infants had increased respiratory morbidity during the follow-up period compared to full-terms; they were more likely to have wheezing (21%vs. 11%,P = 0·007) and recurrent wheezing episodes (4%vs. 1%,P = 0·049). The 17 infants (14 preterms, three full-terms) who had been hospitalized for RSV-confirmed bronchiolitis during their first RSV season had significantly more wheezing episodes during the follow-up period than subjects who had not been hospitalized for RSV-confirmed bronchiolitis (odds ratio 4·72, 95% confidence interval 1·71–13·08,P = 0·003). Male gender, birth weight <3330 g and hospitalization for RSV bronchiolitis during the infant's first RSV season were independent risk factors for the development of wheezing episodes during the subsequent 12-month follow-up period.
Landlords, Tenants and Agrarian Reform: Local Elites and Regime Transitions in Avis, Portugal, 1778–2011
Authors: DE ALMEIDA MARIA ANTÓNIA PIRES 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:In a small municipality in the Alentejo region of Portugal, the same group of families, defined by latifundia landownership or tenancy, dominated local political institutions for two centuries during which great changes occurred. Three revolutions resulted in regime transitions: the 1820 Liberal Revolution, the 1910 Republic and the 1926 Dictatorship, which led to Salazar's Estado Novo. Even though a few members of these families offered some resistance to each of these revolutions at an early stage, they all adapted their behaviour and kept local political control within their ranks. Local traditional institutions, such as the local council and mayor, charitable and welfare associations, and corporate institutions created in the 1930s and 1940s to direct economic activities, were all presided over and controlled by members of the same rural elite. This continued until 1974, when the Carnation Revolution and agrarian reform removed and replaced these old elites with new ones. The lords of the land remained lords of the village for as long as control over the main economic resource of the region was the major factor in the maintenance of political power. These land occupations were not permanent. The process was reversed as a result of political factors relating to Portugal's accession to the European Economic Community in 1986. Agrarian elites in Southern Portugal no longer control jobs or the economy and therefore they no longer control local politics as they had for several generations. The Carnation Revolution and agrarian reform removed the old elites and replaced them with new ones. Agriculture is no longer the main economic activity of the countryside. The rural environment has become a hiking ground or an all-terrain vehicles track. The future is elsewhere and the current economic situation and the absence of elites have transformed rural areas into depopulated regions.
Disorder strongly enhances Auger recombination in conductive quantum-dot solids
Authors: Gao Yunan , Sandeep C. S. Suchand , Schins Juleon M. , Houtepen Arjan J. , Siebbeles Laurens D. A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAuger recombination (AR) can be an important loss mechanism for optoelectronic devices, but it is typically not very efficient at low excitation densities. Here we show that in conductive quantum-dot solids, AR is the dominant charge carrier decay path even at excitation densities as low as 10−3 per quantum dot, and that AR becomes faster as the charge carrier mobility increases. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that this efficient AR results from charge carrier congregation in ‘Auger hot spots’: lower-energy sites that are present because of energy disorder. Disorder-enhanced AR is a general effect that is expected to be active in all disordered materials. The observed efficient AR is an issue of concern for devices that work at charge carrier densities in excess of ~10−3 charge carriers per quantum dot. At the same time, efficient carrier congregation could be exploited for fast optical switching or to achieve optical gain in the near infrared.
Defects activated photoluminescence in two-dimensional semiconductors: interplay between bound, charged and free excitons
Authors: Tongay Sefaattin , Suh Joonki , Ataca Can , Fan Wen , Luce Alexander , Kang Jeong Seuk , Liu Jonathan , Ko Changhyun , Raghunathanan Rajamani , Zhou Jian , Ogletree Frank , Li Jingbo , Grossman Jeffrey C. , Wu Junqiao 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPoint defects in semiconductors can trap free charge carriers and localize excitons. The interaction between these defects and charge carriers becomes stronger at reduced dimensionalities and is expected to greatly influence physical properties of the hosting material. We investigated effects of anion vacancies in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides as two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors where the vacancies density is controlled by α-particle irradiation or thermal-annealing. We found a new, sub-bandgap emission peak as well as increase in overall photoluminescence intensity as a result of the vacancy generation. Interestingly, these effects are absent when measured in vacuum. We conclude that in opposite to conventional wisdom, optical quality at room temperature cannot be used as criteria to assess crystal quality of the 2D semiconductors. Our results not only shed light on defect and exciton physics of 2D semiconductors, but also offer a new route toward tailoring optical properties of 2D semiconductors by defect engineering.
Anatomic Variability of 120 L5 Spondylolytic Defects
Authors: Chen Michael R. , Moore Timothy A. , Cooperman Daniel R. , Lee Michael J. 
Published: September 2013

Study Design Adult human osteologic specimens were assessed for spondylolytic defects and characterized. Objectives To characterize and determine the prevalence of spondylolytic defects in an osteological collection. Methods Lumbar vertebrae from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were examined. Digital images of specimens with L5 isthmic spondylolytic defects were analyzed, examining the distance of the pars defect in the sagittal plane in relation to the caudal aspect of the pedicle. Results There were 95 bilateral complete (BC), 16 unilateral incomplete (UI), 5 unilateral complete (UC), and 4 unilateral complete defects with an incomplete defect on the contralateral side. The mean distance of BC defects from the pedicle and inferior vertebral end plate was 4.03 mm and 4.88 mm, respectively. The mean distance of the defect from the inferior end plate on the left and right sides were 5.31 mm and 4.44 mm, respectively ( p = 0.001, correlation coefficient = 0.56). The mean distance of UI and UC defects from the inferior end plate was 6.38 mm and 2.6 mm, respectively. Conclusion L5 spondylolytic defects were found in 3.87% of the sample. This large-scale description of isthmic spondylolytic defects reveals that significant variability exists in the location of the defect. The anatomic location of the pars defect likely plays a role in the development of L5 nerve root compression and radiculopathy in this clinical scenario. Classifying these defects might allow surgeons to better identify those patients who might benefit from fusion alone without posterior decompression.
Expression-level optimization of a multi-enzyme pathway in the absence of a high-throughput assay
Authors: Lee Michael E. , Aswani Anil , Han Audrey S. , Tomlin Claire J. , Dueber John E. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Engineered metabolic pathways often suffer from flux imbalances that can overburden the cell and accumulate intermediate metabolites, resulting in reduced product titers. One way to alleviate such imbalances is to adjust the expression levels of the constituent enzymes using a combinatorial expression library. Typically, this approach requires high-throughput assays, which are unfortunately unavailable for the vast majority of desirable target compounds. To address this, we applied regression modeling to enable expression optimization using only a small number of measurements. We characterized a set of constitutive promoters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that spanned a wide range of expression and maintained their relative strengths irrespective of the coding sequence. We used a standardized assembly strategy to construct a combinatorial library and express for the first time in yeast the five-enzyme violacein biosynthetic pathway. We trained a regression model on a random sample comprising 3% of the total library, and then used that model to predict genotypes that would preferentially produce each of the products in this highly branched pathway. This generalizable method should prove useful in engineering new pathways for the sustainable production of small molecules.
The splicing landscape is globally reprogrammed during male meiosis
Authors: Schmid Ralf , Grellscheid Sushma Nagaraja , Ehrmann Ingrid , Dalgliesh Caroline , Danilenko Marina , Paronetto Maria Paola , Pedrotti Simona , Grellscheid David , Dixon Richard J. , Sette Claudio , Eperon Ian C. , Elliott David J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Meiosis requires conserved transcriptional changes, but it is not known whether there is a corresponding set of RNA splicing switches. Here, we used RNAseq of mouse testis to identify changes associated with the progression from mitotic spermatogonia to meiotic spermatocytes. We identified ∼150 splicing switches, most of which affect conserved protein-coding exons. The expression of many key splicing regulators changed in the course of meiosis, including downregulation of polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1) and heterogeneous nuclear RNP A1, and upregulation of nPTB, Tra2β, muscleblind, CELF proteins, Sam68 and T-STAR. The sequences near the regulated exons were significantly enriched in target sites for PTB, Tra2β and STAR proteins. Reporter minigene experiments investigating representative exons in transfected cells showed that PTB binding sites were critical for splicing of a cassette exon in the Ralgps2 mRNA and a shift in alternative 5′ splice site usage in the Bptf mRNA. We speculate that nPTB might functionally replace PTBP1 during meiosis for some target exons, with changes in the expression of other splicing factors helping to establish meiotic splicing patterns. Our data suggest that there are substantial changes in the determinants and patterns of alternative splicing in the mitotic-to-meiotic transition of the germ cell cycle.
In-cell optical imaging of exogenous G-quadruplex DNA by fluorogenic ligands
Authors: Tseng Ting-Yuan , Wang Zi-Fu , Chien Cheng-Hao , Chang Ta-Chau 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Guanine-rich oligonucleotides (GROs) are promising therapeutic candidate for cancer treatment and other biomedical application. We have introduced a G-quadruplex (G4) ligand, 3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium) carbazole diiodide, to monitor the cellular uptake of naked GROs and map their intracellular localizations in living cells by using confocal microscopy. The GROs that form parallel G4 structures, such as PU22, T40214 and AS1411, are detected mainly in the lysosome of CL1-0 lung cancer cells after incubation for 2 h. On the contrary, the GROs that form non-parallel G4 structures, such as human telomeres (HT23) and thrombin binding aptamer (TBA), are rarely detected in the lysosome, but found mainly in the mitochondria. Moreover, the fluorescence resonant energy transfer studies of fluorophore-labeled GROs show that the parallel G4 structures can be retained in CL1-0 cells, whereas the non-parallel G4 structures are likely distorted in CL1-0 cells after cellular uptake. Of interest is that the distorted G4 structure of HT23 from the non-parallel G4 structure can reform to a probable parallel G4 structure induced by a G4 ligand in CL1-0 living cells. These findings are valuable to the design and rationale behind the possible targeted drug delivery to specific cellular organelles using GROs.
Histone posttranslational modifications and cell fate determination: lens induction requires the lysine acetyltransferases CBP and p300
Authors: Wolf Louise , Harrison Wilbur , Huang Jie , Xie Qing , Xiao Ningna , Sun Jian , Kong Lingkun , Lachke Salil A. , Kuracha Murali R. , Govindarajan Venkatesh , Brindle Paul K. , Ashery-Padan Ruth , Beebe David C. , Overbeek Paul A. , Cvekl Ales 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Lens induction is a classical embryologic model to study cell fate determination. It has been proposed earlier that specific changes in core histone modifications accompany the process of cell fate specification and determination. The lysine acetyltransferases CBP and p300 function as principal enzymes that modify core histones to facilitate specific gene expression. Herein, we performed conditional inactivation of both CBP and p300 in the ectodermal cells that give rise to the lens placode. Inactivation of both CBP and p300 resulted in the dramatic discontinuation of all aspects of lens specification and organogenesis, resulting in aphakia. The CBP/p300−/− ectodermal cells are viable and not prone to apoptosis. These cells showed reduced expression of Six3 and Sox2, while expression of Pax6 was not upregulated, indicating discontinuation of lens induction. Consequently, expression of αB- and αA-crystallins was not initiated. Mutant ectoderm exhibited markedly reduced levels of histone H3 K18 and K27 acetylation, subtly increased H3 K27me3 and unaltered overall levels of H3 K9ac and H3 K4me3. Our data demonstrate that CBP and p300 are required to establish lens cell-type identity during lens induction, and suggest that posttranslational histone modifications are integral to normal cell fate determination in the mammalian lens.
Predicting enhancer transcription and activity from chromatin modifications
Authors: Zhu Yun , Sun Lin , Chen Zhao , Whitaker John W. , Wang Tao , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Enhancers play a pivotal role in regulating the transcription of distal genes. Although certain chromatin features, such as the histone acetyltransferase P300 and the histone modification H3K4me1, indicate the presence of enhancers, only a fraction of enhancers are functionally active. Individual chromatin marks, such as H3K27ac and H3K27me3, have been identified to distinguish active from inactive enhancers. However, the systematic identification of the most informative single modification, or combination thereof, is still lacking. Furthermore, the discovery of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) provides an alternative approach to directly predicting enhancer activity. However, it remains challenging to link chromatin modifications to eRNA transcription. Herein, we develop a logistic regression model to unravel the relationship between chromatin modifications and eRNA synthesis. We perform a systematic assessment of 24 chromatin modifications in fetal lung fibroblast and demonstrate that a combination of four modifications is sufficient to accurately predict eRNA transcription. Furthermore, we compare the ability of eRNAs and H3K27ac to discriminate enhancer activity. We demonstrate that eRNA is more indicative of enhancer activity. Finally, we apply our fibroblast trained model to six other cell-types and successfully predict eRNA synthesis. Thus, we demonstrate the learned relationships are general and independent of cell-type. We provided a powerful tool to identify active enhancers and reveal the relationship between chromatin modifications, eRNA production and enhancer activity.
Overexpression of the Vacuolar Sugar CarrierAtSWEET16Modifies Germination, Growth, and Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Klemens Patrick A.W. , Patzke Kathrin , Deitmer Joachim , Spinner Lara , Le Hir Rozenn , Bellini Catherine , Bedu Magali , Chardon Fabien , Krapp Anne , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHere, we report that SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER (SWEET16) from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is a vacuole-located carrier, transporting glucose (Glc), fructose (Fru), and sucrose (Suc) after heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The SWEET16 gene, similar to the homologs gene SWEET17, is mainly expressed in vascular parenchyma cells. Application of Glc, Fru, or Suc, as well as cold, osmotic stress, or low nitrogen, provoke the down-regulation of SWEET16 messenger RNA accumulation. SWEET16 overexpressors (35SPro:SWEET16) showed a number of peculiarities related to differences in sugar accumulation, such as less Glc, Fru, and Suc at the end of the night. Under cold stress, 35SPro:SWEET16 plants are unable to accumulate Fru, while under nitrogen starvation, both Glc and Fru, but not Suc, were less abundant. These changes of individual sugars indicate that the consequences of an increased SWEET16 activity are dependent upon the type of external stimulus. Remarkably, 35SPro:SWEET16 lines showed improved germination and increased freezing tolerance. The latter observation, in combination with the modified sugar levels, points to a superior function of Glc and Suc for frost tolerance. 35SPro:SWEET16 plants exhibited increased growth efficiency when cultivated on soil and showed improved nitrogen use efficiency when nitrate was sufficiently available, while under conditions of limiting nitrogen, wild-type biomasses were higher than those of 35SPro:SWEET16 plants. Our results identify SWEET16 as a vacuolar sugar facilitator, demonstrate the substantial impact of SWEET16 overexpression on various critical plant traits, and imply that SWEET16 activity must be tightly regulated to allow optimal Arabidopsis development under nonfavorable conditions.