bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood adversity predicts striatal functional connectivity gradient changes after acute stress
Authors: Liu Xiang-Shen , Haak Koen V. , Figa Karolina , Vrijsen Janna N. , Oldehinkel Marianne , Mulders Peter C.R. , Collard Rose M. , van Eijndhoven Philip F.P. , Beckmann Christian F. , Fernández Guillén , Tendolkar Indira , Kohn Nils 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As a primary risk factor for psychiatric vulnerability, childhood adversity (CA) leads to several maladaptive behavioral and brain functional changes, including domains of emotion, motivation, and stress regulation. Previous studies on acute stress identified the potential role of a striatum-centered network in revealing the psychopathology outcomes related to CA. To elucidate the interplay between CA, acute stress, and striatal functions in psychiatric disorders, more evidence from large-scale brain connectivity studies in diverse psychiatric populations is necessary. In a sample combining 150 psychiatric patients and 26 controls, we utilized “connectopic gradients” to capture the functional topographic organizations of striatal connectivity during resting-state scans conducted before and after stress induction. Connectivity gradients in rest and under stress were linked to different CA types and their frequency by Spearman correlation. Linear mixed models and moderation models were built to clarify the role of symptom strengths in these correlations. We found one type of CA—emotional neglect negatively predicted the post-stress-induction gradient shape, and stress reactive changes in the anterior-posterior orientation of the first-order striatal gradient. Moderation models revealed the observed correlations were selectively present in individuals with elevated comorbidity. Our results may provide new psychopathology-related biomarkers by tracking stress-induced changes in the general motivation systems. This demonstrates new perspectives in characterizing the striatal network and understanding its alterations in response to adverse childhood experiences.
Confucius Repeats Himself: On the Nature and Sources of the Lunyu 論語 (Selected Teachings)
Authors: Crone Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article explores the much-debated origins of the Confucian classic Lunyu 論語. The author examines two well-known types of repetitions in the text: doublets and formulaic phrases. The results of the analysis confirm previous research suggesting that the Lunyu is the accumulative result of various independent collections of concise anecdotes and sayings, but also indicate that these small literary items derived from more comprehensive and complex written and/or memorized compositions. As a result, this article joins recent studies on the textual history of the Lunyu that demand a new hermeneutic approach to the text and a rewriting of the literary history of pre-Qin Masters literature (zhuzi shu 諸子書). Confucian didactic dialogues and speeches such as those found in traditionally transmitted Zhou period texts and recently discovered bamboo manuscripts are to be seen as Masters literature’s primordial ancestors, while the Lunyu ought to be treated as a conglomeration of derived second-generation products.
Textual Evidence for Sino-Tibetan Buddhism in Xixia
Authors: Solonin Kirill 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The article introduces four case studies to argue for the existence of Sino-Tibetan Buddhism in the Xixia Kingdom (1038–1227). The first case is based on the Yuan period (1271–1368) ritual compilations by the Tangut monk Yixing Huijue 一行慧覺 (d. 1319?); the three others are based on material dating from the Xixia period. The study examines textual examples of Sino-Tibetan intercourse and concludes that the major framework for exchange was Avataṃsaka Buddhism, which adopted elements of Tibetan Buddhism in a discourse generally limited to the Sinitic agenda. One example demonstrates a divergent perspective: Sinitic commentarial devices are used to pursue a generally Tibetan agenda. The four case studies confirm the existence of Sino-Tibetan predispositions in Tangut Buddhism, but do not provide sufficient information to determine its broader scope.
Gramsci, Polanyi and the Labor Politics of Social Protection
Authors: Arnold Dennis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The works of Polanyi and Gramsci, taken together, help us to disentangle the multiple understands of and politics around social protection. Despite Gramsci’s convincing analysis of hegemony as the organization of class struggle within limits of capitalism, he does not have a theory of counterhegemony. Polanyi, meanwhile, does not focus attention on the power of capitalist hegemony, yet his displacement of experience from production to exchange creates the grounds for a potential counterhegemony. The article analyzes how, despite apparent efforts to de-commodify labor and social protections, precarity has become more deeply engrained among the laboring poor. While precarity is not necessarily new to populations across the South, the way in which commodification has become hegemonic is, and the objective of the article is to better understand the role of social protection in shaping workers’ experiences, and consider potential strategic directions to advance universal social protection.
Impact of fiber orientation on cutting forces and surface quality in flax/epoxy composite machining
Authors: Slamani Mohamed , Chafai Hamza , Chatelain Jean-François 
Published: August 2024

Flax/epoxy composites are recognized as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fibers in engineering. Understanding how fiber orientation affects cutting forces and surface characteristics is essential for machining these materials. This study investigates the relationship between fiber orientation and cutting forces (feed, normal, passive) as well as surface roughness in flax/epoxy composites. Results show that fiber orientation significantly impacts cutting forces. Cutting parallel to fibers (0° and 90° orientations) generally requires less force, with 0° needing higher normal force. At 0° orientation, feed force is 46.47 N, normal force is 58.86 N, and passive force is 54.44 N. At 90° orientation, feed force is 56.66 N, normal force is 44.68 N, and passive force is 50.95 N. Oblique orientations (45° and −45°) require higher forces, especially 45°, with the highest normal force of 77.95 N. Surface roughness analysis shows 90° orientation results in the lowest average roughness (Ra) of 10.97 µm but the highest surface roughness (Sa) of 34.25 µm. Conversely, 45° orientation has the highest Ra of 14.2 µm but lower Sa of 22.6 µm. Ra and Sa values for 0° orientation are 13.72 µm and 24.6 µm, and for −45° orientation, they are 12.3 µm and 21.8 µm. Correlation analysis reveals significant relationships between cutting parameters and surface quality, with higher feed rates correlating with smoother surfaces (lower Sa and Ra values). Fiber orientation also significantly influences fluffing defects, with 0° orientation minimizing these defects, while 45° and −45° orientations result in varied patterns.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Unipolar Depression
Authors: Rakesh C  , Sharma Rachit , Singh Charanpreet 
Published: August 2024

Background: Cognitive dysfunctions play a critical role in the psychopathology of depression. They regulate various psychosocial and functional outcomes and affect workplace functionality, productivity, and relapses. An objective evaluation of affected cognitive domains is germane in understanding the relapses and functional recovery in depression. Thus, to know cognitive dysfunctions beyond affective biases, this study was conducted to compare the cognitive functions of drug-naïve patients with unipolar depression with healthy matched controls. Methods: Fifty patients diagnosed with unipolar depression as per the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision: Diagnostic Criteria for Research (Depressive Episode and Recurrent Depressive Disorder) and 50 healthy controls were enrolled on an outpatient basis from January 2022 to June 2023. Cases were regrouped as mild, moderate, and severe based on Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II). A battery of tests assessed the cognitive functions: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test, Visual Retention subtests of PGI Battery of Brain Dysfunction, Digit Span, and Verbal Memory. The Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire was used for a subjective assessment of cognitive functioning. Results: The sociodemographic characteristics of cases and controls did not differ significantly. However, within-group and between-group analyses revealed significantly lower performance of cases compared to controls. Cognitive impairment was positively correlated with BDI-II scores. Conclusion: Depression is associated with dysfunction in the domains of planning, attention, sustained attention, and visual and verbal memory. This dysfunction is independent of cognitive and affective bias and may exist even after clinical remission.
Effects of Low-intensity Ultrasound on Root Resorptions Induced by a System of Associated Forces
Authors: Boutiah Toufik , Laraba Safia , Menjel Radouane , Slimani Lotfi , Boutefnouchet Abdelatif , Tahar Ali , Khadir Mohamed Tarek 
Published: August 2024

Introduction The bio-stimulatory effects of low-intensity ultrasound on dental tissues which were clinically introduced in 2004 demonstrated a reduction in root resorption in maxillary premolars subjected to a force level of 50 g. Similar results by applying a torque of 50 g to the maxillary premolars were obtained in 2016; however, the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the presence of high-intensity forces are not yet known. Aim The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of LIPUS on a sample of 40 patients. Methods The analysis was conducted by applying two forces to teeth no. 14 and 24, each with an intensity greater than 50 g, and applied at two different points on the coronal surface. Subsequently, LIPUS was applied daily for 20 minutes to tooth no. 14, while tooth no. 24 served as a control. The study lasted for 28 days. Results Overall, the group treated with LIPUS demonstrated an improvement in the average total volume and percentage of root resorption compared to the control group. The same results emerged for the diameter, depth, and surface of the gaps of resorption. Conclusion This study showed that it was possible to reduce root resorption in the presence of forces with intensities greater than 50 g. Nevertheless, a longer period of study will make it possible to obtain more rational results as to the effectiveness of low-intensity ultrasound on root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment.
Coagulation factor VIII: biological basis of emerging hemophilia A therapies
Authors: Samelson-Jones Benjamin J. , Doshi Bhavya S. , George Lindsey A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is essential for hemostasis. After activation, it combines with activated FIX (FIXa) on anionic membranes to form the intrinsic Xase enzyme complex, responsible for activating FX in the rate-limiting step of sustained coagulation. Hemophilia A (HA) and hemophilia B are due to inherited deficiencies in the activity of FVIII and FIX, respectively. Treatment of HA over the last decade has benefited from an improved understanding of FVIII biology, including its secretion pathway, its interaction with von Willebrand factor in circulation, the biochemical nature of its FIXa cofactor activity, the regulation of activated FVIII by inactivation pathways, and its surprising immunogenicity. This has facilitated biotechnology innovations with first-in-class examples of several new therapeutic modalities recently receiving regulatory approval for HA, including FVIII-mimetic bispecific antibodies and recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vector–based gene therapy. Biological insights into FVIII also guide the development and use of gain-of-function FVIII variants aimed at addressing the limitations of first-generation rAAV vectors for HA. Several gain-of-function FVIII variants designed to have improved secretion are currently incorporated in second-generation rAAV vectors and have recently entered clinical trials. Continued mutually reinforcing advancements in the understanding of FVIII biology and treatments for HA are necessary to achieve the ultimate goal of hemophilia therapy: normalizing hemostasis and optimizing well-being with minimal treatment burden for all patients worldwide.
Activity behaviours and quality of life in patients with malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Iacopetta Bianca M. , Lam David C.L. , Ngai Jenny C.L. , Chan Johnny W.M. , Chiang Fifian K.Y. , Lui Macy M.S. , Law W.L. , Chan Ken K.P. , McVeigh Joanne , Peddle-McIntyre Carolyn J. , Lee Y.C. Gary 
Published: August 2024

Background and objectiveAccelerometery is used to measure activity behaviours in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE). This study aimed to evaluate physical activity and sedentary behaviour profiles of patients with MPE in Hong Kong, and to explore relationships between activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL). We also compared clinician-recorded performance status measures with objective measures of activity levels.MethodsParticipants wore an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer continuously for 7 consecutive days. The EuroQoL 5 Dimensions 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) was used to assess five dimensions of QoL and correlate with activity behaviours. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was documented by clinicians at baseline.ResultsFifty-one patients with MPE received accelerometers; 94% had ≥1 valid day of data. Participants spent 76% (sd2.32) of waking hours sedentary, 23% (sd1.40) of waking hours in light activity and 0.3% (median, interquartile range 0.0–1.5) in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Higher light activity and MVPA behaviours were associated with increased participation in self-care tasks (rs=−0.43, p=0.003; rs=−0.45, p=0.001, respectively) and usual activities (rs=−0.42, p=0.003; rs=−0.45, p=0.001, respectively). Patients with an ECOG status of 0 or 1 spent an average of 75% of waking hours sedentary.ConclusionThis is the first report of physical activity behaviours in patients with MPE in Hong Kong, demonstrating high sedentary behaviours and low physical activity which correlated to dimensions of QoL. Clinician-rated performance status was not reflected in accelerometery data, suggesting a discrepancy between performance status measures and objective measures of activity in patients with MPE.
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus species isolated from raw cow milk, and swabs in smallholder dairy farms in Meta district, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Abrahim Dawed , Hiko Adem , Belina Dinaol , Gebremeskel Haben Fesseha , Kebede Isayas Asefa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The safety of milk production in terms of foodborne infections is a worldwide issue, particularly in developing countries where production is often unhygienic. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to August 2019 in the Meta District of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. We aim to assess milk hygiene practices among smallholder dairy farmers, estimate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw cow milk and swabs, assess associated risk factors, and the antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. aureus isolates. Face-to-face interviews with 30 respondents randomly selected from smallholder dairy farmers were used to assess the potential risk factors for S. aureus contaminations in milk. A total of 177 samples were examined using standard microbiological testing. The disc diffusion technique was also employed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. The data was analyzed using STATA® version 14.0 statistical software.

Results
According to the milk hygiene assessment, 80% of respondents did not wash cow udder before milking, did not use detergent to clean milk containers, and did not keep milk refrigerated before consumption or sale, while 63.3% of milk consumers ingested raw milk. They had never heard of staphylococci foodborne disease. Likewise, the overall prevalence of S. aureus was 12.42% (95%CI: 8.32–18.98). The prevalence of S. aureus in udder milk, equipment swabs, and milkers’ hands was 18.8%, 26.7%, and 30%, respectively. The prevalence of S. aureus in milk is significantly associated with age, and mastitis history (p < 0.05). Moreover, old and mastitis positive animals were eight (OR: 8.40; 95%CI: 1.68–41.89) and four (OR: 4.33; 95%CI: 1.37–13.66) times more likely to be infected by S. aureus than adult, and mastitis negative animal. The isolates were resistant to penicillin G (97.4%) and tetracycline (69.2%) whereas susceptible to kanamycin, streptomycin, vancomycin, and cefotaxime, at 84.6%, 71.8%, 64%, and 58.8%, respectively.

Conclusion
This study revealed the presence of antimicrobial-resistant patterns of S. aureus on commonly used antibiotics, as well as inadequate milk handling practices in the study area. Thus, awareness should be created on proper milk handling and hygiene as well as appropriate uses of antibiotics should be encouraged.
Experiences of antenatal care practices to reduce stillbirth: surveys of women and healthcare professionals pre-post implementation of the Safer Baby Bundle
Authors: Andrews Christine , Boyle Frances M. , Pade Ashley , Middleton Philippa , Ellwood David , Gordon Adrienne , Davies-Tuck Miranda , Homer Caroline , Griffin Alison , Nicholl Michael , Sketcher-Baker Kirstine , Flenady Vicki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The Safer Baby Bundle (SBB) aimed to reduce stillbirth rates in Australia through improving pregnancy care across five elements; smoking cessation, fetal growth restriction (FGR), decreased fetal movements (DFM), side sleeping in late pregnancy and decision making around timing of birth. We assessed experiences of women and healthcare professionals (HCPs) with antenatal care practices around the five elements.

Methods
A pre-post study design using online surveys was employed to assess change in HCPs awareness, knowledge, and frequency of performing recommended practices (22 in total) and women’s experiences of care received related to reducing their chance of stillbirth. Women who had received antenatal care and HCPs (midwives and doctors) at services participating in the SBB implementation program in two Australian states were invited to participate. Surveys were distributed over January to July 2020 (pre) and August to December 2022 (post). Comparison of pre-post responses was undertaken using Fisher’s exact, Pearson’s chi-squared or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Results
1,225 women (pre-1096/post-129) and 1,415 HCPs (pre-1148/post-267, ≥ 83% midwives) completed the surveys. The frequency of HCPs performing best practice ‘all the time’ significantly improved post-SBB implementation across all elements including providing advice to women on side sleeping (20.4–79.4%, p < 0.001) and benefits of smoking cessation (54.5–74.5%, p < 0.001), provision of DFM brochure (43.2–85.1%, p < 0.001), risk assessments for FGR (59.2–84.1%, p < 0.001) and stillbirth (44.5–73.2%, p < 0.001). Practices around smoking cessation in general showed less improvement e.g. using the ‘Ask, Advise and Help’ brief advice model at each visit (15.6–20.3%, p = 0.088). Post-implementation more women recalled conversations about stillbirth and risk reduction (32.2–50.4%, p < 0.001) and most HCPs reported including these conversations in their routine care (35.1–83.0%, p < 0.001). Most HCPs agreed that the SBB had become part of their routine practice (85.0%).

Conclusions
Implementation of the SBB was associated with improvements in practice across all targeted elements of care in stillbirth prevention including conversations with women around stillbirth risk reduction. Further consideration is needed around strategies to increase uptake of practices that were more resistant to change such as smoking cessation support.

Trial registration
The Safer Baby Bundle Study was retrospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry database, ACTRN12619001777189, date assigned 16/12/2019.
To teach is to learn twice, revisited: a qualitative study of how residents learn through teaching in clinical environments
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Takahashi Noriyuki , Aomatsu Muneyoshi , Nishigori Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Teaching helps the teacher’s own learning as a professional—as the saying goes, ‘to teach is to learn twice’. Near-peer teaching in clinical practice has been shown to contribute to the development of both teaching skills and necessary competencies for doctors. Research on how near-peer teachers learn through their teaching roles has mainly focused on classroom learning. However, understanding how the phenomenon of ‘teaching is learning twice’ occurs in clinical settings and its influencing factors is important for the development of a quality workplace learning environment. Therefore, this study investigated how residents learn through teaching in clinical practice and the factors influencing this process.

Methods
This study’s methodology is based on the constructivist grounded theory from a social constructivist perspective. Several teaching hospitals in Japan were included, and the study participants were post-graduate year 2 residents (PGY2s) from these hospitals. The interviews were recorded, transcribed into text, and analysed by the first author.

Results
From January 2016 to July 2022, 13 interviews were conducted with 11 PGY2s from nine educational hospitals. The PGY2s played diverse educational roles in clinical settings and learned competencies as physicians in almost all areas through such roles. We found that knowledge transfer and serving as role models stimulated PGY2s’ intrinsic motivation, encouraged reflection on their own experiences, and promoted self-regulated learning. Further, educating about procedural skills and clinical reasoning prompted reflection on their own procedural skills and thought processes. Supporting post-graduate year 1 residents’ reflections led to the refinement of PGY2s’ knowledge and thought processes through the verbal expression of their learning experiences. Such processes required the formation of a community of practice. Thus, education promoted learning through reflection and clarified the expert images of themselves that PGY2s envisaged.

Conclusions
The study found that residents acquire various physician competencies through multiple processes by teaching as near-peer teachers in clinical settings, that a community of practice must be formed for near-peer teaching to occur in a clinical setting, and that teaching brings learning to those who teach by promoting reflection and helping them envision the professionals they aim to be.