bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indikatoren für das Ausmaß jugendlichen Rauschtrinkens in Bayern
Authors: Wurdak Mara , Ihle Katharina , Stürmer Marco , Dirnberger Isabella , Fischer Uwe C. , Funk Tatjana , Kraus Ludwig , Wolstein Jörg 
Published: August 2013

Fragestellung: Ist der Anstieg der Krankenhausbehandlungen Jugendlicher wegen einer Alkoholintoxikation ein Indikator für eine Zunahme riskanten Trinkverhaltens? Methodik: Durchgeführt wurden zwei Sekundäranalysen (Untersuchung der Straftaten und Unfälle unter Alkoholeinfluss von 10 – 20-jährigen Jugendlichen sowie der Blutalkoholkonzentrationen (BAK) von stationär behandelten Jugendlichen, n = 1 020) und eine Feldstudie (Bevölkerungsbefragung, n = 285). Ergebnisse: Die Zahl der Krankenhausbehandlungen korrelierte positiv mit den Straftaten, jedoch nicht mit den Unfällen unter Alkoholeinfluss. In einer Stadt mit hohen Behandlungszahlen würden mehr Studienteilnehmer in Notfallsituationen als Erstes den Rettungsdienst verständigen als in einer vergleichbaren Stadt mit geringen Behandlungszahlen. Die durchschnittlichen BAK sanken innerhalb eines Zweijahreszeitraums (2008 – 2009) kontinuierlich. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Entwicklung von Krankenhausbehandlungen und Straftaten unter Alkoholeinfluss sprechen für einen gestiegenen Risikokonsum. Die Zunahme der Behandlungen wegen Alkoholintoxikation ist jedoch mit einer erhöhten Sensibilisierung der Bevölkerung assoziiert und wird durch alkoholbezogene Unfallzahlen nicht unterstützt.
Perfect imaging, epsilon-near zero phenomena and waveguiding in the scope of nonlocal effects
Authors: David C. , Mortensen N. A. , Christensen J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPlasmons in metals can oscillate on a sub-wavelength length scale and this large-k response constitutes an inherent prerequisite for fascinating effects such as perfect imaging and intriguing wave phenomena associated with the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regime. While there is no upper cut-off within the local-response approximation (LRA) of the plasma polarization, nonlocal dynamics suppress response beyond ω/vF, where vF is the Fermi velocity of the electron gas. Nonlocal response has previously been found to pose limitations to field-enhancement phenomena. Accounting for nonlocal hydrodynamic response, we show that perfect imaging is surprisingly only marginally affected by nonlocal properties of a metal slab, even for a deep subwavelength case and an extremely thin film. Similarly, for the ENZ response we find no indications of nonlocal response jeopardizing the basic behaviors anticipated from the LRA. Finally, our study of waveguiding of gap plasmons even shows a positive nonlocal influence on the propagation length.
Design of integer motion estimator of HEVC for asymmetric motion‐partitioning mode and 4K‐UHD
Authors: Byun J. , Jung Y. , Kim J. 
Published: August 2013

A design for an integer motion estimator of high‐efficiency video coding (HEVC) is presented. HEVC supports the 64 × 64 coding tree unit, the recursive quad‐tree coding unit structure and the asymmetric motion‐partitioning mode in a high compression ratio. These features require a structure of integer motion estimation that is more complex than that of H.264/AVC. The new structures of a memory read controller and a sum of absolute difference (SAD) summation block are proposed. The new memory read controller reduces the internal memory read time, and the new SAD summation block structure supports the recursive quad‐tree coding unit structure and the asymmetric motion‐partitioning mode. The proposed design is implemented in Verilog HDL and synthesised using the 65 nm CMOS technology. The gate count is 3.56 M, and the internal static random access memory is about 20 kbyte. The operation frequency is 250 MHz when a 4 K‐Ultra high definition (UHD) (3840 × 2160P at 30 Hz) sized video is encoded.
Clock buffer with supply noise active compensation for reduced period jitter
Authors: Ravezzi L. 
Published: August 2013

A simple circuit that actively compensates supply noise and reduces period jitter in CMOS clock buffers is presented. The locally sensed supply noise modulates a current injected in the buffer output node during transitions. By injecting the current in opposite phase to the supply noise, the transient variations are counterbalanced and the jitter removed. Designed in a 28 nm CMOS technology, a chain of 16 inverters using the proposed circuit shows a period jitter up to three times smaller than that of an equally long chain of basic inverters. Conventional local supply noise filtering would require approximately 70 times the area used by the proposed circuit to achieve similar performance.
Compact ultra‐wideband differential bandpass filter using self‐coupled ring resonator
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Yu‐Qian , Kang Wei , Wu Wen , Tam Kam‐Weng , Ho Sut‐Kam 
Published: August 2013

A compact ultra‐wideband differential bandpass filter (BPF) based on a self‐coupled ring resonator is proposed. The self‐coupled line contributes to not only three poles in differential‐mode (DM) but also three zeros in common‐mode (CM) offering both a wide differential passband and good CM suppression. A fabricated filter with a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 118% for the DM and insertion loss greater than 18 dB for the CM has been designed and measured. This filter is only 30.4 × 1.0 mm (1.0λ0 × 0.03λ0) and it is only 15% of the size of the most reported differential BPFs. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Compact microstrip lowpass filter with sharp roll‐off and ultra‐wide stop‐band
Authors: Hayati M. , Abdipour A. , Abdipour A. 
Published: August 2013

A compact microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) with sharp roll‐off and ultra‐wide stop‐band bandwidth is presented. The structure consists of high‐impedance meandered transmission lines loaded by triangular and polygonal resonant patches. The cutoff frequency of the proposed LPF is 2.44 GHz and the measured results show good performance such as sharp roll‐off, good insertion loss and an ultra‐wide stop‐band from 2.53 to 35 GHz with the insertion‐loss higher than 20 dB. There is a good agreement between the electromagnetic‐simulation and measurement results.
Two‐dimensional crest factor reduction for performance improvement of concurrent dual‐band power amplifiers
Authors: Chen Xiaofan , Zhang Silong , Chen Wenhua 
Published: August 2013

A two‐dimensional crest factor reduction (2D‐CFR) is proposed to improve the performance of concurrent dual‐band power amplifiers (PAs). Experimental measurements are performed on a 1.9–2.6 GHz concurrent dual‐band LTE PA by using the proposed 2D‐CFR and conventional 1D‐CFR, respectively. Measured results after 2D digital predistortion (2D‐DPD) show that the output power with the proposed 2D‐CFR is increased by 10%, the efficiency is improved from 28.1 to 30.6% and the error vector magnitude is reduced from 3.46 to 2.67%, indicating a significant performance improvement.
Millimetre‐wave quasi‐optical low‐loss power combiner based on dipole antenna
Authors: Song K. , Zhang F. , Hu S. , Fan Y. 
Published: August 2013

A novel millimetre‐wave quasi‐optical low‐loss power divider based on the dipole antenna is presented. This dipole antenna array is inserted in the E‐plane of the rectangular waveguide to implement the power‐dividing function. A Ka‐band four‐way passive power combiner is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the minimum insertion loss is about 0.4 dB from 32.1 to 34 GHz, whereas the return loss is less than 10 dB from 31.5 to 35.9 GHz. The measured results agree with the simulated ones closely.
Double‐slot Vivaldi antenna with improved gain
Authors: Wang Y.W. , Wang G.M. , Gao X.J. , Zhou C. 
Published: August 2013

A double‐slot structure is proposed to design a new Vivaldi antenna with improved gain. The two slots are excited in uniform amplitude and phase by using a T‐junction power divider. The double‐slot structure can generate plane‐like waves across the slot aperture of the antenna. As a result, the gain of the double‐slot Vivaldi antenna is significantly improved compared with that of a typical Vivaldi antenna of the same size. The measured results show that the impedance bandwidth of the double‐slot Vivaldi antenna is from 2.5 to 15 GHz. The gain of the proposed antenna is considerably higher than the typical antenna at frequencies above 6 GHz. What is more, the structure proposed is far simpler than those designed before.
An Expedient Process for the Synthesis of 2-(N-arylamino)benzaldehydes from 2-Hydroxybenzaldehydes via Smiles Rearrangement
Authors: Saeidian Hamid , Mirjafary Zohreh , Abdolmaleki Ilnaz , Moradnia Farzaneh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper describes an efficient Smiles rearrangement process for the synthesis of 2-(N-arylamino)benzaldehyde derivatives with reasonable yields. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction course.
Comprehensive experimental fitness landscape and evolutionary network for small RNA
Authors: Jiménez José I. , Xulvi-Brunet Ramon , Campbell Gregory W. , Turk-MacLeod Rebecca , Chen Irene A. 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Evolution by natural selection is driven by fitness differences, which define a “fitness landscape” in the space of all possible genetic sequences. Understanding the landscape is critical for understanding and predicting natural selection, yet very little is known about the structure of a real fitness landscape. Here we experimentally determine the complete fitness landscape of small RNA selected to interact with GTP, a building block for early life. We find that the landscape is composed of largely disconnected islands of active sequences. This scenario suggests that natural selection under these conditions would be constrained to local exploration of sequence space but that replaying the initial emergence of a functional RNA could lead to a different outcome.
Polo-like kinase 2 regulates selective autophagic α-synuclein clearance and suppresses its toxicity in vivo
Authors: Oueslati Abid , Schneider Bernard L. , Aebischer Patrick , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Converging lines of evidence suggest that increase in α-syn levels plays a central role in synucleinopathies pathogenesis. Therefore, lowering α-syn levels represents a viable therapeutic strategy for these disorders. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized cellular mechanism controlling the selective autophagic degradation of α-syn. This effect is governed by PLK2 kinase activity, phosphorylation of α-syn, and PLK2/α-syn complex formation. In a rat model of Parkinson disease, PLK2 overexpression reduces α-syn levels and suppresses α-syn–induced toxicity and motor deficits. Collectively, our data support the neuroprotective role of PLK2 and suggest that modulating its activity is a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Parkinson disease and related synucleinopathies.
In vivo imaging of alphaherpesvirus infection reveals synchronized activity dependent on axonal sorting of viral proteins
Authors: Granstedt Andrea E. , Bosse Jens B. , Thiberge Stephan Y. , Enquist Lynn W. 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alphaherpesvirus related to human herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, causes the characteristic “mad itch” in which infected animals scratch an afflicted area until self-mutilation. The mechanism by which PRV induces these symptoms is still poorly understood, and most work has been done in limited systems in vitro. Here we report studies performed in living mice. We observed that infection with a virulent PRV strain induces synchronous and cyclical neural activity, but this activity disappears during infection with a vaccine strain that does not cause mad itch. We demonstrate the aberrant activity depends on a viral fusion protein, and its trafficking specifically into axons. These findings correlate the disrupted physiology to the known neuropathy in vivo.
Listeria monocytogenes: an intracellular pathogen of monocytes and the central nervous system.
Authors: Freitag N. E. , Bronze M. S. , Drevets D. A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

This chapter reviews literature data on the epidemiology, transmission and clinical aspects of listeriosis, as well as the molecular and cellular pathogenicity, virulence factors, and mechanisms of central nervous system invasion (through invasion of monocytes, neurons, or blood vessel endothelial cells) of Listeria monocytogenes.
Effect of Food Additives on Deoxynivalenol (DON) Reduction and Quality Attributes in Steamed‐and‐Fried Instant Noodles
Authors: Moazami F. E. , Jinap S. , Mousa W. , Hajeb P. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of food additives reduction on quality attributes in steamed‐and‐fried instant noodles was investigated. Three additives, l‐ascorbic acid, l‐cysteine, and sodium bisulfite, were evaluated for their effect on deoxynivalenol (DON) reduction and sensory acceptability of instant noodles. After screening the different concentrations of three food additives, the maximum reduction of DON was optimized for the following concentration ranges: l‐ascorbic acid, 0–100 μg/g; l‐cysteine, 0–300 μg/g; and sodium bisulfite, 0–200 μg/g. The experimental results were fitted to a second‐order polynomial model, which gave a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.987. The results indicated that the overall optimal condition resulting in the maximum DON reduction in instant noodles was obtained at the following combined level: sodium bisulfite, 167 μg/g; l‐cysteine, 254 μg/g; and l‐ascorbic acid, 23 μg/g. The sensory evaluation of noodles with the optimal condition of additives showed that the overall acceptability was in the range of “like slightly” and was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from the control sample. The optimized protocol produced a mixture that can reduce DON in instant noodles up to 67%. Modifying the processing of instant noodles by using additives may be useful to reduce the risk of DON exposure via instant noodles.
Obesity Should Not Deter a Surgeon from Selecting a Minimally Invasive Approach for Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Reser Diana , Sündermann Simon , Grünenfelder Jürg , Scherman Jacques , Seifert Burkhardt , Falk Volkmar , Jacobs Stephan 
Published: August 2013

Objective Obesity is highly prevalent in modern patient populations. Several studies have published conflicting outcomes after minimally invasive surgery with regard to morbidity and mortality. Some instances consider obesity as a relative contraindication for this approach because of inadequate exposure of the surgical field. Our aim was to investigate the outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery through a right lateral minithoracotomy in patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater. Methods We conducted a retrospective database review between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data of 225 consecutive patients were collected. Results The patients were stratified according to their BMI: 108 had a normal weight with a BMI of lower than 25 kg/m2 (18–24), 90 were overweight with a BMI of 25 to 29 kg/m2, and 27 were obese with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 (30–41) or greater. Statistical analysis showed significantly longer ventilation times in the obese group, whereas all other variables were similar. Survival, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event-free survival, valve competency, and freedom from reoperation were also comparable. Conclusions Our data suggest that obesity should not deter a surgeon from selecting a minimally invasive approach. Despite longer postoperative ventilation times, a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater does not influence short- and medium-term outcome. Obese patients may even benefit from this approach because it avoids the need for sternotomy and therefore reduces the risk for sternal wound infection.
Robotically Assisted Hybrid Coronary Revascularization: Does Sequence of Intervention Matter?
Authors: Srivastava Mukta C. , Vesely Mark R. , Lee Jeffrey D. , Lehr Eric J. , Wehman Brody , Bonaros Nikolaos , Schachner Thomas , Friedrich Guy J. , Zimrin David A. , Bonatti Johannes O. 
Published: August 2013

Objective Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) is a treatment strategy for the revascularization of multivessel coronary disease that combines the advantages of both minimally invasive surgical techniques and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The optimal sequence by which revascularization should be accomplished has not been determined. We investigated clinical outcomes in a series of patients planned for HCR via robotically assisted totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) and standard PCI based on revascularization sequence. Methods A total of 238 patients planned for HCR between 2001 and 2011 were divided into three groups based on treatment sequence: (a) TECAB before PCI, (b) PCI before TECAB, and (c) same-session procedure. Multiple procedural and clinical end points before discharge and up to 2 years after the procedure were compared between the three groups in an intention-to-treat analysis. Demographic features were reviewed to determine baseline differences between each group. Results Of the 238 patients, 175 (73.5%) underwent TECAB before PCI, 38 patients (16.0%) underwent PCI before TECAB, and 25 (10.5%) underwent a simultaneous revascularization procedure. At baseline, the patients undergoing TECAB before PCI were significantly older. There was a significantly higher incidence of previous myocardial infarction in the PCI-first group (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), with shorter ICU stays in the simultaneous revascularization group (P = 0.031) and shorter hospital LOS in the PCI before TECAB group (P = 0.021). Conclusions In conclusion, revascularization sequence did not dramatically impact clinical outcomes in our observational study. The patients undergoing PCI-first and same-session interventions had shorter hospital and ICU LOS compared with the patients undergoing surgery first. Our findings suggest that no revascularization approach is arbitrarily superior and that revascularization sequence should be individualized on the basis of patient presentation and anatomical considerations.
Arabidopsis Phospholipase Dδ Is Involved in Basal Defense and Nonhost Resistance to Powdery Mildew Fungi
Authors: Pinosa Francesco , Buhot Nathalie , Kwaaitaal Mark , Fahlberg Per , Thordal-Christensen Hans , Ellerström Mats , Andersson Mats X. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Plants have evolved a complex array of defensive responses against pathogenic microorganisms. Recognition of microbes initiates signaling cascades that activate plant defenses. The membrane lipid phosphatidic acid, produced by phospholipase D (PLD), has been shown to take part in both abiotic and biotic stress signaling. In this study, the involvement of PLD in the interaction between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the barley powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) was investigated. This nonadapted pathogen is normally resisted by a cell wall-based defense, which stops the fungal hyphae from penetrating the epidermal cell wall. Chemical inhibition of phosphatidic acid production by PLD increased the penetration rate of Bgh spores on wild-type leaves. The analysis of transfer DNA knockout lines for all Arabidopsis PLD genes revealed that PLDδ is involved in penetration resistance against Bgh, and chemical inhibition of PLDs in plants mutated in PLDδ indicated that this isoform alone is involved in Bgh resistance. In addition, we confirmed the involvement of PLDδ in penetration resistance against another nonadapted pea powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe pisi. A green fluorescent protein fusion of PLDδ localized to the plasma membrane at the Bgh attack site, where it surrounded the cell wall reinforcement. Furthermore, in the pldδ mutant, transcriptional up-regulation of early microbe-associated molecular pattern response genes was delayed after chitin stimulation. In conclusion, we propose that PLD is involved in defense signaling in nonhost resistance against powdery mildew fungi and put PLDδ forward as the main isoform participating in this process.
Scenario‐based approach to office occupancy analysis
Authors: Khamkanya Thadsin , Heaney George , McGreal Stanley 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe office is considered as a strategic resource that can support knowledge‐based organisations to gain competitive advantage and operational efficiency. Although the modern scholar emphasises the role of user involvement in workplace design and management, there is little evidence showing how it can be linked to occupancy cost performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate benefits of a user‐centric workplace practice by focusing on working time and space utilisation practice of office users.Design/methodology/approachA scenario‐based approach was designed to analyse office occupancy cost performance. A questionnaire survey was conducted from a number of UK‐based offices to create three workspace utilisation scenarios, namely, existing, property‐centric and user‐centric. Key comparison criteria include potential areas of savings, potential total cost savings and cost saving per person.FindingsIt was found that a user‐centric approach reflects an opportunity to save annual occupancy costs in terms of total costs and cost per person where users indicated how they utilised working time and space. In return, the organisations can gain more productivity from office users who are likely to perform better when they can work in the preferred workplace practice.Practical implicationsBy adopting this approach, organisations can understand the occupancy characteristics of the offices from multi perspectives, leading to better management in office premises.Originality/valueThis paper is concerned with the analysis of how to achieve higher office efficiency by focusing on office user's working time and space utilisation practice.