bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational design of solid polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/lithium salt plasticized with deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Ndruru Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo , Saputra Muhammad Yogi , Zurriyati Zurriyati , Hayati Atika Trisna , Adriana Risda , Muttaqii Muhammad Al , Pramono Edi , Widiarto Sonny , Pasaribu Marvin H. , Widyaningrum Bernadeta Ayu , Nugroho Robertus Wahyu N. , Wahyuningrum Deana , Arcana I Made 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs a key component for the future high‐safety lithium batteries, solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is gaining an attractive momentum toward large‐scale production due to their remarkable compatibility and processability with electrodes. Further, their excellent performance can be improved using the potential use of plasticizers. A deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesized from choline chloride (ChCl) and citric acid monohydrate (CAM) demonstrates a promising plasticizer to design good SPE membranes along with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The changes in the surface chemistry of PVA‐based membranes, as determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, confirm the success of DES‐plasticizing effect, where detected by wavenumber shifting around main functional groups such as OH, CO, and COC. Following this, EIS characterization on electrical properties reveals the role of 30 wt% DES in improving the ionic conductivity, with the highest ionic conductivity equivalent to 4.66 × 10−4 S cm−1 and the crystallinity index as high as 41.09%. The presence of LiClO4 and DES significantly reduces mechanical performance, and glass transition of PVA‐based membranes, as characterized by tensile testing and differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis. Thus, the presence of DES in PVA and LiClO4 matrices could open another window for designing SPE with novel physicochemical properties.
Effect of different surface modifiers on the flame retardancy of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/polyethylene/magnesium hydroxide composite systems
Authors: Feng Yu , Wang Hui , Zhang Bingxi , Mo Cao , Dai Yongqiang , Fan Chaoyi , Xu Man 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHalogen‐free flame‐retardant ethylene‐vinyl acetate/polyethylene/magnesium hydroxide systems are widely used in cable insulations and in sheath materials. The surface modification of magnesium hydroxide is one of the key methods to improve its dispersion and mechanical properties. The effects of different types of interfaces, formed by four surface modifications, namely KH550, KH570, stearic acid, and titanate, on the flame retardancy of composite systems have been investigated in the present study. The results showed that the four surface modifiers formed chemical bonds with the surface of magnesium hydroxide, which promoted the dispersion of particles in the matrix. However, due to the different effects of the various surface modifiers and polymer molecular chains, the interfaces exhibited different chemical structures and physical strengths, which affected the combustion of the composite materials into carbon. Thus, the composites demonstrated different flame‐retardant properties. The surface modifiers KH550, KH570 and titanate can form chemical bonds with the ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer and have, thereby, a strong effect on the interfaces, which resulted in a slow ignition of the materials and the formation of a graphite carbon structure that is advantageous for heat transfer and oxygen insulation. This is conducive to the flame‐retardant performance of the composite systems.
Effect of physical aging on scratch behavior of polycarbonate
Authors: De Noni L. , Zhu X. , Andena L. , Noh K. , Li Y. , Vollenberg P. , Sue H.‐J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhysical aging refers to relaxation of the polymer glassy state toward the amorphous state and this phenomenon affects their physical‐mechanical properties. This work investigates the effect of physical aging on polymer scratch behavior and visibility. It was shown that mechanical properties were significantly modified over the aging time, especially the yield stress, in turn affecting polymer scratch behavior. As a matter of fact, the critical load for the onset of scratch visibility was shown to increase with the aging, thus improving sensitivity of polymer to scratches. Such behavior was strictly related to the yield stress increase with the aging time. The usefulness of the present work is highlighted, and some future perspectives are discussed.
Myostatin's marvels: From muscle regulator to diverse implications in health and disease
Authors: Sharma Sonakshi , Patil Amol S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMyostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, is a pivotal regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. Its discovery has sparked significant interest due to its multifaceted roles in various physiological processes and its potential therapeutic implications. This review explores the diverse functions of myostatin in skeletal muscle development, maintenance and pathology. We delve into its regulatory mechanisms, including its interaction with other signalling pathways and its modulation by various factors such as microRNAs and mechanical loading. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting myostatin for the treatment of muscle‐related disorders, including cachexia, muscular dystrophy and heart failure. Additionally, we examine the impact of myostatin deficiency on craniofacial morphology and bone development, shedding light on its broader implications beyond muscle biology. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, this review underscores the importance of further research into myostatin's intricate roles and therapeutic potential in human health and disease.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of the LTA Precursor Molecule Glc2‐DAG, a Potential Target for Antibiotics
Authors: Kumar Raj , Breukink Eefjan , Weingarth Markus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBacterial infections present a major global health threat, often displaying resistance to various antibiotics. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a vital component of bacterial cell envelopes of Gram‐positive bacteria, crucial for cell integrity, cell division, and host inflammation. Due to its essential role for bacteria, LTA and its biosynthesis are also attractive drug targets, however, there is only scant molecular knowledge on LTA and its precursor molecules in membranes. Here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of diglucosyldiacylglycerol (Glc2‐DAG), the glycolipid precursor molecule that anchors LTA in the bacterial plasma‐membrane. Using a tailored growth medium and purification protocols, we isolated 13C‐isotope labelled Glc2‐DAG from bacteria, which can then be used for high‐resolution NMR studies. Using solution‐state and solid‐state NMR, we show an in‐depth molecular characterization of Glc2‐DAG, including in native‐like membranes. Our approach may help to identify antibiotics that directly target LTA precursor molecules, and it offers a tool for future investigations into the role of Glc2‐DAG in bacterial physiology.
Analysis of dielectric properties of rice during microwave drying process
Authors: Fan Jinsheng , Sun Tongsheng , Wu Jun , Zheng Le , Tang Hongtu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn the process of microwave drying rice, the dielectric property determines the ability of rice to absorb microwave, and the change of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor has a great influence on the microwave drying of rice. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the change of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of rice.FindingsThis study investigated the intermediate electrical characteristics of rice during microwave drying. It explored their relationship with temperature, water content, and microwave frequency. A mathematical model was developed at frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 500–3000 MHz to predict temperature, water content, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor. Additionally, the model predicted the microwave penetration depth based on the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor.ConclusionsIn microwave drying, rice dielectric constant and loss factor increase with temperature and moisture content. However, they follow a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with frequency. By leveraging these predictable properties, we calculated the microwave penetration depth during drying, providing a new direction for future microwave technology in rice processing.Significance and NoveltyThis study unveiled variations in the dielectric constant and loss factor during rice microwave drying. Employing the mathematical model based on these factors can enhance the efficiency of rice microwave drying by judiciously elevating the drying temperature.
Pillar[n]arene‐Based Fluorescence Turn‐On Chemosensors for the Detection of Spermine, Spermidine, and Cadaverine in Saline Media and Biofluids
Authors: Prabodh Amrutha , Grimm Laura M. , Biswas Pronay Kumar , Mahram Vahideh , Biedermann Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolyamines are essential analytes due to their critical role in various biological processes and human health in general. Due to their role as regulators for cell growth and proliferation (putrescine and spermine), as neuroprotectors, gero‐, and cardiovascular protectors (spermidine), and as bacterial growth indicators (cadaverine), rapid, simple, and cost‐effective methods for polyamine detection in biofluids are in demand. The present study focuses on the development and investigation of self‐assembled and fluorescent host⋅dye chemo‐sensors based on sulfonated pillar[5]arene for the specific detection of polyamines. Binding studies, as well as stability and functionality assessments of the turn‐on chemosensors for selective polyamine detection in saline and biologically relevant media, are shown. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the developed chemo‐sensors is demonstrated in biofluids such as human urine and saliva.
Cyanide Linkage Isomerization Induced by Cobalt Oxidation‐State Changes at a Co−Fe Prussian‐Blue Analogue/ZnO Interface
Authors: De Ratnadip , Hermesdorf Marius , Bera Anupam , Phul Ruby , Gawlik Annett , Plentz Jonathan , Oschatz Martin , Karadaş Ferdi , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the interfacial composition in heterostructures is crucial for tailoring heterogenous electrochemical and photoelectrochemical processes. This work aims to elucidate the structure of a series of Co−Fe Prussian blue analogue modified ZnO (PBA/ZnO) electrodes with interface‐sensitive vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy. Our measurements revealed, for the first time, a cyanide linkage isomerism at the PBA/ZnO interface, when the composite is fabricated at elevated temperatures. In situ VSFG spectro‐electrochemistry measurements correlate the CoII→CoIII oxidation with the flip of the bridging CN ligand from Co−NC−Fe coordination mode to a Co−CN−Fe one. Photoluminescence measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that this unprecedented linkage isomerism originates from surface defects, which act as oxidation sites for the PBA. The presence of such surface defects is correlated with the fabrication temperature for PBA/ZnO. Thus, this contribution identifies the interplay between the surface states of the ZnO substrates and the chemical composition of PBA at the ZnO surface, suggesting an easily accessible approach to control the chemical composition of the interface.
Synthesis of Adhesive Polyrotaxanes Through Sequential Self‐Assembly via Supramolecular Interactions and Dynamic Covalent Interactions
Authors: Zhou Xiaohe , Hu Ziqing , Ji Xiaofan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembly is an effective approach to construct complicated structures. Polyrotaxanes (PRs) as one of the typical polymer types with complex structure, own interlocked structures and dynamic components, in which it results in unique characteristics and functions. Currently, the synthesis of which involves covalent reactions to hinder the development of polyrotaxanes. Herein, we employed supramolecular interactions as well as dynamic covalent bonds to synthesize PRs by sequential self‐assembly. First, we prepared M1 possessing two diamine structures and M2 of a bisammonium salt with two dibenzylammonium (DBA) units modified by two stoppers at its ends, then M1 and M2 self‐assembled into supramolecular polymers stemming from hydrogen bonding of [N+−H ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ O] under high concentrations. After adding 2,6‐pyridinedicarboxaldehyde (M3), the imine bond formation enabled the generation of macrocycles, transforming supramolecular polymers into PRs. Besides, the solution of polyrotaxanes was applied as the adhesive for diverse hard and soft materials. This strategy provides an important approach for synthesizing PRs, accelerating the advances of mechanically interlocked polymers.
Covalent Lysozyme Immobilization on Enzymatic Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Spagnuolo Laura , Micheli Laura , Dufresne Alain , Beneventi Davide , Operamolla Alessandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNanostructured materials represent promising substrates for biocatalyst immobilization and activation. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), accessible from waste and/or renewable sources, are sustainable and biodegradable, show high specific surface area for anchoring a high number of enzymatic units, and high thermal and mechanical stability. In this work, we present a holistic enzyme‐based approach to functional antibacterial materials by bioconjugation between the lysozyme from chicken egg white and enzymatic cellulose nanocrystals. The neutral CNCs were prepared by endoglucanase hydrolysis from Avicel. We explore the covalent immobilization of lysozyme on enzymatic CNCs and on their TEMPO oxidized derivatives (TO‐CNCs), comparing immobilization yields, material properties, and enzymatic activities. The materials were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). We demonstrate the higher overall efficiency of the immobilization process carried out on TO‐CNCs, based on the success of covalent bonding and on the stability of the isolated bioconjugates.
Synthesis of Pt‐Rare Earth Metal Alloys and Their Applications
Authors: Tang Ningjing , Wang Hui , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe alloying of platinum (Pt) with rare earth (RE) metals has emerged as a highly promising strategy for enhancing both the activity and stability of catalysts. Consequently, the development of methods for the controlled synthesis of Pt‐RE alloys has received growing attention. This review comprehensively explores diverse synthesis methodologies for Pt‐RE alloys, including physical metallurgy method, chemical reduction method, electrodeposition method, and dealloying method. Additionally, this review summaries the applications of Pt‐RE alloys in various fields. By providing a critical analysis of existing literature and highlighting key challenges and future directions, this review aims to offer valuable insights and serve as a springboard for further advancements in the controlled synthesis and diverse applications of Pt‐RE alloys.
Impact of raw material on thermo‐physical properties of carbon foam
Authors: Al‐Majali Mohammad Rajab , Zhang Mingcong , Al‐Majali Yahya T. , Trembly Jason P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon foam materials are currently used in several industrial and engineering applications due to their outstanding properties. The properties of carbon foam can be altered through the manufacturing processes applied in specific applications. In this paper, we collected and analyzed four samples manufactured by CFOAM and one sample developed by Ohio University (OU) to understand the behaviour of this material and determine its properties. We utilized advanced techniques to experimentally measure and determine the following properties: pore size and volume, porosity, specific surface area, mass, density, and thermal conductivity. Among the samples, the low‐porosity CFOAM (CF35) and the OU sample exhibited higher specific surface areas and densities compared to the others. However, CF35 demonstrated the highest thermal conductivity, while OU displayed the lowest. As a result, CF35 emerges as the optimal choice for applications requiring high‐rate heat transfer, while the remaining CFOAM samples are well‐suited for lightweight applications. Thus, OU foam proves to be a highly suitable candidate for insulation applications such as building sidewalls.
Effects of viscous dissipation, temperature dependent thermal conductivity, and local thermal non‐equilibrium on the heat transfer in a porous channel to Casson fluid
Authors: Kaur Rajvinder , Sharma Sapna , Chandra Avinash 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current paper deals with viscous dissipation effects in a permeable (or porous) channel filled with non‐Newtonian Casson fluid by considering the local thermal non‐equilibrium (LTNE) model. The dependency of the effective thermal conductivities of the solid and fluid phases on the respective temperatures has been studied along with the spatially varying Biot number. The Brinkman number Casson fluid parameter , thermal conductivity variation parameter , porosity Darcy number , and the ratio of fluid and solid phase thermal conductivities are the main governing parameters. The Darcy–Brinkman model is employed to govern the fluid flow in permeable media and the velocity profile has been obtained analytically. Moreover, the energy equations for both phases along with suitable boundary conditions are derived and solved with the fourth order boundary value solver. The findings of the current study depict that the Nusselt number increases with the increment in Casson fluid parameter and decreases with the increment in Brinkman number and thermal conductivity variation parameter. Overall, the heat transmission between the solid and fluid phases increases with the decrement in Brinkman number and thermal conductivity variation parameter. On the other hand, the heat transmission between both the phases magnifies by increasing the value of Casson fluid parameter.
Precursor‐Mediated Direct Growth of Defect‐Rich Hierarchical Nanocarbons for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production†
Authors: Sun Xiaoting , Lu Tiantian , Chen Jialei , Li Youzeng , Chen Shan , Liao Xuelong , Liu Ying , Lv Runyu , Wang Huan 
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive SummaryCarbon‐based nanomaterials show great potential in selective electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) through two‐electron (2e−) pathway for H2O2 production, which provides an eco‐friendly alternative to industrial energy‐intensive anthraquinone process. However, it still remains challenging to directly construct topological defects, which makes it difficult to study the working mechanism on 2e– ORR. Herein, we propose a precursor‐mediated chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach for direct growth of topological defect‐rich hierarchical nanocarbons. Boric acid (H3BO3) is introduced into the precursor for disturbing the nucleation and growth through decomposing B‐containing species, which can in situ induce the formation of pentagon defects. The topological defect is found to be capable of introducing lattice strain, which can modify the electronic structure of nanocarbons and promote the key intermediate (*OOH) formation, thus greatly enhancing the 2e– ORR performance. Experimentally, the 2e– ORR selectivity shows a positive correlation to the topological defect density, where the average H2O2 selectivity reaches above 90% over a wide potential range with optimized concentration of H3BO3 as mediator. Moreover, in a flow cell, the hierarchical nanocarbons achieve a high H2O2 production rate of 998 mmol·gcatalyst−1·h−1 over 20 h of continuous electrocatalysis with stable current density (>100 mA·cm–2) and Faradaic efficiency (> 90%). This work provides a straightforward method for the synthesis of active metal‐free carbon‐based catalyst for sustainable H2O2 production.
Optimal Revascularization Timing of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Hyun , Lee Myeongjee , Yoo Kyung‐Jong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major global health concern. However, the optimum timing of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in AMI patients remains controversial. This study investigated the optimal timing of CABG and its impact on postoperative outcomes. We hypothesized that determining the optimal timing of CABG could positively impact postoperative outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide retrospective analysis of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea database, focusing on 1 705 843 adult AMI patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2018 who underwent CABG within 1 year of diagnosis. Patients were categorized based on CABG timing. Primary endpoints included cohort identification and the time interval from AMI diagnosis to CABG. Secondary endpoints encompassed major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and the impact of postoperative medications.ResultsOf the patients, 20 172 underwent CABG. Surgery within 24 h of AMI diagnosis demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, reducing cardiac death, myocardial infarction recurrence, and target vessel revascularization. Delayed CABG within 3 days also outperformed surgery within 1–2 days post‐AMI. Additionally, postoperative aspirin use was associated with improved MACCE outcomes.ConclusionCABG within 24 h of AMI diagnosis was associated with significantly minimized myocardial injury, emphasizing the critical role of rapid revascularization. Delayed CABG within 3 days related to better outcomes compared with that of surgery within 1–2 days. These findings provide evidence‐based recommendations for optimizing CABG timing in AMI patients, consequentially reducing morbidity and mortality.