bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-driven landfill suitability mapping in Lagos State using GIS-based multi-criteria decision making
Authors: Tella A. , Mustafa M. R. U. , Animashaun G. , Adebisi N. , Okolie C. J. , Balogun A.-L. , Pham Q. B. , Alani R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Careful selection of landfill sites is essential because improper dumping of wastes can negatively impact health and degrade the environment. Therefore, this research presents a Geographic Information System based—Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process multicriteria decision-making approach for landfill zonation in Lagos State, Nigeria. Due to the rapid urbanisation leading to urban expansion and conversion of the landfills to built-up areas in Lagos State, the functioning landfills have been reduced. After a comprehensive literature review, this study considers nine factors: slope, elevation, land use and land cover, lithology, soil type, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, the distances to roads, distance to settlements, and distance to water bodies. From the decision matrix, the distance to water bodies, distance to roads, distance to settlements, and land use and land (LULC) cover were ranked with percentage weights of 22%, 19%, 17% and 11%, respectively. Afterwards, potential landfill sites were mapped and classified into five classes: very low (626.48 km2, 16.66%), low (1277.56 km2, 33.97%), moderate (1227.97 km2, 32.65%), high (500.52 km2, 13.31%), and very high (128.13 km2, 3.41%). The low and moderate suitability classes have the highest areal coverage due to the state's increased population and urbanisation. A large percentage of the high to very high suitability classes are located in Epe, Ikorodu, and Ibeju-Lekki local government areas (LGAs) which have lower urbanisation levels compared to most of the other LGAs. Therefore, governments and stakeholders should explore these areas for siting of landfills.
Lower serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio associated with increased incidence of frailty in community-dwelling elderly men but not in elderly women
Authors: Zhou Shixian , Wang Peixia , Sun Linlin , Zhao Xinxiu , Gong Caixia , Yang Yichen , Ren Wen , Yang Yunmei , Zhang Qin , Jiang JingJin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia has been reported to play an important role in frailty syndrome. The serum creatinine/serum cystatin C ratio (Scr/Cys C ratio) has recently been recognized as a valuable indicator for assessing sarcopenia. However, few studies have examined the association between serum creatinine/serum cystatin C ratio and frailty. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the serum creatinine/serum cystatin C ratio and frailty among older adults residing in the community.

Methods and materials
A Total of 1926 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years in the 2011 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. The participants’ frailty status was determined using a 39 item frailty index (FI), which classified individuals as “robust” (FI ≤ 0.1), “pre-frailty” (0.1 < FI < 0.25), or “frailty” (FI ≥ 0.25). The Scr/Cys C ratio was determined by dividing the serum creatinine level (mg/dL) by the cystatin C level (mg/L). The one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Chi-squared test (χ2)were applied to compare the differences between the 3 groups. Both linear regression and logistic regression models were used to further investigate the relationship between Scr/Cys C ratio and frailty.

Results
After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the study revealed that participants in the Q1 quartile of Scr/Cys C ratio had increased odds of frailty (Q1vs.Q4: OR = 1.880, 95% CI 1.126–3.139, p = 0.016) compared with those in the Q4 quartile group. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, male participants in the Q2 quartile of Scr/Cys C ratio were significantly correlated with higher odds of pre-frailty (Q2 vs.Q4: OR = 1.693, 95%CI 1.040–2.758, p = 0.034). However, this correlation was not observed in females (OR = 0.984, 95% CI 0.589–1.642, p = 0.950,). Additionally, the study observed an increase in both the frailty index and the incidence of frailty as age increased in both males and females.

Conclusion
Among community-dwelling older adults, lower Serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio were found to be associated with increased odds of frailty prevalence in males.
First report of Botrytis cinerea in South African blueberry orchards
Authors: Foster Bryce J. , Wilson Ida , Jacobs Karin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe South African blueberry industry has grown consistently over the past few years due to an increase in local and international demand. Like many other crops, blueberries are susceptible to grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea, resulting in significant reductions in yield. In this study, Botrytis isolates were recovered from symptomatic blueberry fruit, flowers, leaves and undifferentiated buds, but were not found as endophytes in healthy tissues. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) genes identified 88 isolates as B. cinerea strains as well as a single B. pelargonii strain. The results presented in this study are the first to contribute towards the characterisation of B. cinerea populations in South African blueberry orchards.
Continuous preparation and reaction of nonaflyl azide (NfN3) for the synthesis of organic azides and 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Green Sebastian P. , Broderick Hannah C. , Wheelhouse Katherine M. P. , Hallett Jason P. , Miller Philip W. , Bull James A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrganic azides are widely used in organic synthesis. Continuous flow processing can be used to bypass their isolation, and can therefore be useful in mitigating the hazards associated with these potentially toxic and explosive reagents. Nonaflyl azide has been reported as an effective, bench-stable, and relatively safe diazo transfer reagent that can be useful in the preparation of azides from amines and so avoid the use of alkyl halides. Here we demonstrate the synthesis and purification of nonaflyl azide in continuous flow with isolation of the neat, pure reagent by membrane filtration. The neat reagent was used in the preparation of organic azides from primary amines, and then applied to the synthesis of triazoles. A variety of triazoles, including the antiseizure drug Rufinamide, were prepared from primary amines and alkynes via the CuAAC click reaction in a semi-batch parallel array without isolation of alkyl azide intermediates. A telescoped two-stage continuous flow process was also designed and demonstrated to form triazoles via the same CuAAC reaction, which avoids the handling of the intermediate reactive azides.
Soil Properties and Stoichiometry as Influenced by Land Use, Enclosures and Seasonality in a Semi-arid Dryland in Kenya
Authors: Wasonga Oliver V. , Mganga Kevin Z. , Ngugi Robinson K. , Nyangito Moses M. , Nyariki Dickson M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAgropastoralism and nomadic pastoralism constitute the main land use systems in semi-arid drylands in Kenya. However, limited studies have investigated how land use and management practices and seasonality affect soil properties that alter C, N, and P biogeochemical cycling in African drylands systems. Thus, this study was conducted to determine effects of: (1) sedentary agropastoral land-use system (SAL), (2) semi-nomadic pastoral land-use system (SNL)), (3) pasture enclosures and (4) seasonality on selected soil chemical properties and total C, N, and P stoichiometry in a semi-arid landscape in Kenya. Land use, enclosures, and seasonality affected chemical properties of soils and C, N, and P stoichiometry. Generally, Na, K, Ca, Mg and cation exchange capacity were higher in the dry than wet period. Soil C:N ratios were less than 5, while N:P and C:P ratios were 5–56 and 16–177, respectively. However, ratios of C:N, N:P and C:P were significantly higher in SNL than SAL. The C:P and N:P ratios in both land use systems were highly correlated (r2 > 0.70). During the wet season, C:N ratios of soils were higher inside enclosures in both land uses. Higher soil N:P and C:P ratios were observed during dry compared to wet seasons. The N:P and C:P ratios of soils were higher inside and outside enclosures in SAL and SNL, respectively. Land use, enclosures and seasonality exhibited different effects on chemical properties of soils and C:N:P stoichiometry ratios. Perennial vegetation cover in enclosures has a great potential to enhance soil health necessary to support pastoral land-use systems in semi-arid African drylands.
Evidence for Low‐Pressure Crustal Anatexis During the Northeast Atlantic Break‐Up
Authors: Morris A. M. , Lambart S. , Stearns M. A. , Bowman J. R. , Jones M. T. , Mohn G. , Andrews G. , Millett J. , Tegner C. , Chatterjee S. , Frieling J. , Guo P. , Jolley D. W. , Cunningham E. H. , Berndt C. , Planke S. , Alvarez Zarikian C. A. , Betlem P. , Brinkhuis H. , Christopoulou M. , Ferré E. , Filina I. Y. , Harper D. T. , Longman J. , Scherer R. P. , Varela N. , Xu W. , Yager S. L. , Agarwal A. , Clementi V. J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile basaltic volcanism is dominant during rifting and continental breakup, felsic magmatism may be a significant component of some rift margins. During International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 396 on the continental margin of Norway, a graphite‐garnet‐cordierite bearing dacitic unit (the Mimir dacite) was recovered in two holes within early Eocene sediments on Mimir High (Site U1570), a marginal high on the Vøring Transform Margin. Here, we present a comprehensive textural, petrological, and geochemical study of the Mimir dacite in order to assess its origin and discuss the geodynamic implications. The major mineral phases (garnet, cordierite, quartz, plagioclase, alkali feldspar) are hosted in a fresh rhyolitic, vesicular, glassy matrix that is locally mingled with sediments. The major element chemistry of garnet and cordierite, the presence of zircon inclusions with inherited cores, and thermobarometric calculations all support an upper crustal metapelitic origin. While most magma‐rich margin models favor crustal anatexis in the lower crust, thermobarometric calculations performed here show that the Mimir dacite was produced at upper‐crustal depths (<5 kbar, 18 km depth) and high temperature (750–800°C) with up to 3 wt% water content. In situ U‐Pb analyses on zircon inclusions give a magmatic crystallization age of 54.6 ± 1.1 Ma, consistent with emplacement that post‐dates the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum. Our results suggest that the opening of the Northeast Atlantic was associated with a phase of low‐pressure, high‐temperature crustal anatexis preceding the main phase of magmatism.
Emerging Hotspots of Surface Chlorophyll Trend in the Tropical Oceans
Authors: Tian Feng , Zhang Rong‐Hua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent studies show that climate change signals in the long‐term trend of the tropical ecosystems have emerged earlier than projected by climate models. However, it remains unclear whether tropical ocean surface chlorophyll (SChl) shows a robust trend in the available satellite data era, and what possible physical mechanisms can be responsible for this trend. Here, using combined data from observations, hindcast biogeochemical simulations, and climate model outputs, we document consistently decreasing trends of SChl in the three ocean basins (Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean) with varying magnitude from −1.6% to −10.0% per decade during 1998–2020, with tropical ocean SChl showing a decreasing trend of −7.1% per decade. In the Indo‐Pacific Ocean, mechanisms for the two hotspots with significantly decreasing SChl trends are identified. (a) In the northern tropical Pacific, under the anthropogenic forcing, enhanced stratification associated with frequent interannual surface warming overwhelms the Ekman pumping effect due to positive wind stress curl, leading to a decrease in SChl. (b) In the southern tropical Indian Ocean, the downwelling process dominates the decreasing SChl trend due to the Ekman pumping associated with the negative wind stress curl prevailing in the Indian Ocean, while the contribution from the stratification change is negligible. This study identifies two hotspots with consistently decreasing SChl trends in the tropical ocean which are influenced by the complex physical processes under a warmer climate and calls for more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between physical processes and biogeochemical cycles in the tropical ocean ecosystems.
Suppression of Nitrogen Deposition on Global Forest Soil CH4 Uptake Depends on Nitrogen Status
Authors: Cen Xiaoyu , He Nianpeng , Li Mingxu , Xu Li , Yu Xueying , Cai Weixiang , Li Xin , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMethane (CH4) is the second most important atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) and forest soils are a significant sink for atmospheric CH4. Uptake of CH4 by global forest soils is affected by nitrogen (N) deposition; clarifying the effect of N deposition helps to reduce uncertainties of the global CH4 budget. However, it remains an unsolved puzzle why N input stimulates soil CH4 uptake in some forests while suppressing it in others. Combining previous findings and data from N addition experiments conducted in global forests, we proposed and tested a “stimulating‐suppressing‐weakened effect” (“three stages”) hypothesis on the changing responses of soil CH4 flux (RCH4) to N input. Specifically, we calculated the response factors (f) of RCH4 to N input for N‐limited and N‐saturated forests across biomes; the phased changes in f values supported our hypothesis. We also estimated the global forest soil CH4 uptake budget to be approximately 11.2 Tg yr−1. CH4 uptake hotspots were predominantly located in temperate forests. Furthermore, we quantified that the current level of N deposition reduced global forest soil CH4 uptake by ∼3%. This suppression effect was more pronounced in temperate forests than in tropical or boreal forests, likely due to differences in N status. The proposed “three stages” hypothesis in this study generalizes the diverse effects of N input on RCH4, which could help improve experimental design. Additionally, our findings imply that by regulating N pollution and reducing N deposition, soil CH4 uptake can be significantly increased in the N‐saturated forests in tropical and temperate biomes.
From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise
Authors: Hird E. J. , Slanina-Davies A. , Lewis G. , Hamer M. , Roiser J. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDepression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, exerting a profound negative impact on quality of life in those who experience it. Depression is associated with disruptions to several closely related neural and cognitive processes, including dopamine transmission, fronto-striatal brain activity and connectivity, reward processing and motivation. Physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, reduces depressive symptoms, but the mechanisms driving its antidepressant effects are poorly understood. Here we propose a novel hypothesis for understanding the antidepressant effects of exercise, centred on motivation, across different levels of explanation. There is robust evidence that aerobic exercise decreases systemic inflammation. Inflammation is known to reduce dopamine transmission, which in turn is strongly implicated in effort-based decision making for reward. Drawing on a broad range of research in humans and animals, we propose that by reducing inflammation and boosting dopamine transmission, with consequent effects on effort-based decision making for reward, exercise initially specifically improves ‘interest-activity’ symptoms of depression—namely anhedonia, fatigue and subjective cognitive impairment - by increasing propensity to exert effort. Extending this framework to the topic of cognitive control, we explain how cognitive impairment in depression may also be conceptualised through an effort-based decision-making framework, which may help to explain the impact of exercise on cognitive impairment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of exercise could inform the development of novel intervention strategies, in particular personalised interventions and boost social prescribing.
Des-acyl ghrelin reduces alcohol intake and alcohol-induced reward in rodents
Authors: Witley Sarah , Edvardsson Christian E. , Aranäs Cajsa , Tufvesson-Alm Maximilian , Stalberga Darta , Green Henrik , Vestlund Jesper , Jerlhag Elisabet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms contributing to alcohol use disorder (AUD) are complex and the orexigenic peptide ghrelin, which enhances alcohol reward, is implied as a crucial modulator. The major proportion of circulating ghrelin is however the non-octanoylated form of ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin (DAG), whose role in reward processes is unknown. As recent studies show that DAG decreases food intake, we hypothesize that DAG attenuates alcohol-related responses in animal models. Acute and repeated DAG treatment dose-dependently decreased alcohol drinking in male and female rats. In these alcohol-consuming male rats, repeated DAG treatment causes higher levels of dopamine metabolites in the ventral tegmental area, an area central to reward processing. The role of DAG in reward processing is further supported as DAG prevents alcohol-induced locomotor stimulation, reward in the conditioned place preference paradigm, and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in male rodents. On the contrary, DAG does not alter the memory of alcohol reward or affect neurotransmission in the hippocampus, an area central to memory. Further, circulating DAG levels are positively correlated with alcohol drinking in female but not male rats. Studies were conducted in attempts to identify tentative targets of DAG, which currently are unknown. Data from these recombinant cell system revealed that DAG does not bind to either of the monoamine transporters, 5HT2A, CB1, or µ-opioid receptors. Collectively, our data show that DAG attenuates alcohol-related responses in rodents, an effect opposite to that of ghrelin, and contributes towards a deeper insight into behaviors regulated by the ghrelinergic signaling pathway.
Vitamin D, chronic pain, and depression: linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Bassett Emily , Gjekmarkaj Eva , Mason Amy M. , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Burgess Stephen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVitamin D deficiency has been linked to various chronic pain conditions. However, randomized trials of vitamin D supplementation have had mixed results. In contrast, systematic reviews of randomized trials indicate a protective effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression. We undertake a Mendelian randomization investigation in UK Biobank, a study of UK residents aged 40-65 at recruitment. We perform linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses for four outcomes: fibromyalgia, clinical fatigue, chronic widespread pain, and probable lifetime major depression. We use genetic variants from four gene regions with known links to vitamin D biology as instruments. In linear analyses, genetically-predicted levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], a clinical marker of vitamin D status, were not associated with fibromyalgia (odds ratio [OR] per 10 nmol/L higher 25(OH)D 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93, 1.12), clinical fatigue (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94, 1.05), chronic widespread pain (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89, 1.02), or probable lifetime major depression (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93, 1.01). In non-linear analyses, an association was observed between genetically-predicted 25(OH)D levels and depression in the quintile of the population with the lowest 25(OH)D levels (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59, 0.94); associations were null in other strata. Our findings suggest that population-wide vitamin D supplementation will not substantially reduce pain or depression; however, targeted supplementation of deficient individuals may reduce risk of depression.
Game-based learning in orthodontic education: a systematic review
Authors: Sipiyaruk Kawin , Reynolds Patricia A. , Nakornnoi Theerasak , Santiwong Peerapong , Chintavalakorn Rochaya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate educational impact of game-based learning (GBL) in orthodontic education.

Methods
A systematic search was undertaken across four databases (Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and Google Scholar) to identify relevant articles published from January 2000 to December 2023. Additionally, the reference lists of identified literature were examined to further search for relevant literature. The last search was performed on 28 January 2024.

Results
Following the article selection process, seven articles were included in this systematic review, comprising four randomized control trials and three questionnaire surveys. Six articles were assessed to have a moderate risk of biases, whereas one research exhibited a low risk of bias. GBL interventions assessed in five articles were designed in digital format, while one study implemented evaluated traditional learning, and another employed a card game format. Two RCTs indicated a greater effectiveness of GBL in enhancing learner performance compared to traditional learning methods, while one article found no significant difference. Across all articles, positive perceptions of GBL were consistently highlighted at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Conclusion
This systematic review supports the potential of GBL in orthodontic education. The implementation of GBL is recommended to integrate entertaining and educational elements, fostering learner performance within engaging learning environments. However, it is imperative to acknowledge that the overall quality of evidence is limited, primarily due to the moderate risk of biases identified in six of the included articles. Consequently, further high-quality experimental studies are required to validate the effectiveness of GBL in orthodontic education.
Patient-specific computational models predict prognosis in B cell lymphoma by quantifying pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic signatures from genetic sequencing data
Authors: Norris Richard , Jones John , Mancini Erika , Chevassut Timothy , Simoes Fabio A. , Pepper Chris , Pepper Andrea , Mitchell Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenetic heterogeneity and co-occurring driver mutations impact clinical outcomes in blood cancers, but predicting the emergent effect of co-occurring mutations that impact multiple complex and interacting signalling networks is challenging. Here, we used mathematical models to predict the impact of co-occurring mutations on cellular signalling and cell fates in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Simulations predicted adverse impact on clinical prognosis when combinations of mutations induced both anti-apoptotic (AA) and pro-proliferative (PP) signalling. We integrated patient-specific mutational profiles into personalised lymphoma models, and identified patients characterised by simultaneous upregulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative (AAPP) signalling in all genomic and cell-of-origin classifications (8-25% of patients). In a discovery cohort and two validation cohorts, patients with upregulation of neither, one (AA or PP), or both (AAPP) signalling states had good, intermediate and poor prognosis respectively. Combining AAPP signalling with genetic or clinical prognostic predictors reliably stratified patients into striking prognostic categories. AAPP patients in poor prognosis genetic clusters had 7.8 months median overall survival, while patients lacking both features had 90% overall survival at 120 months in a validation cohort. Personalised computational models enable identification of novel risk-stratified patient subgroups, providing a valuable tool for future risk-adapted clinical trials.