bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleoseismic studies of the Hustai Fault zone (Northern Mongolia)
Authors: Smekalin O.P. , Imaev V.S. , Chipizubov A.V. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We discuss the results of study of the Holocene seismic activity of the Hustai Fault zone, Central Mongolia. Applying seismological methods (remote, trenching, geophysics), we have revealed signs and determined the quantitative parameters of the paleoearthquake that led to the fault dissection at 3–5.5 ka. The high seismic potential of the Tola earthquake focus zone and its proximity to Ulaanbaatar confirm earlier estimates of the seismicity of the capital of Mongolia, 8 points on the MSK-64 scale.
Absorption characteristics of a Stoneley wave in multilayered media and the logging method for estimating permeability
Authors: Sinev A.V. , Podberezhnyy M.Yu. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The aim of the study is to increase the reliability of estimation of the acoustic parameters of a layered permeable formation using new software, based on two-velocity continuum equations for 2D numerical simulation of acoustic waves propagating in a borehole. The key method is the method of finite differences as applied to solving equations of the continuum filtration theory. The dissipative characteristics of Stoneley waves have been identified for the case of their propagation in a layered formation. These aspects should be taken into account when using Stoneley waves to estimate the permeability of geologic media.
Gender Equality and Legal Mobilization in the United Kingdom: Using Rights for Lobbying, Litigation, Defense, and Attack
Authors: Millns Susan , Skeet Charlotte 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article analyzes women’s contemporary use of rights to mobilize and pursue claims for gender equality and gender justice in the United Kingdom. Empirically, the paper explores the growth of rights discourse and activity against the backdrop of a stronger constitutionalization of women’s rights at national, European, and international levels. It does this through an exploration of individual and collective lobbying and litigation strategies in relation to violence against women. The paper first examines this in the context of the right to bodily integrity through examples of the ways in which sexual violence and domestic abuse are addressed within the criminal justice system. The paper then addresses the right to be free from violence for women seeking refuge and asylum. The research reveals the need for varied strategies that target all aspects of the legal and political systems in order to ameliorate the protection and implementation of women’s rights.
La sélection des Élites communistes chinoises : de la politique factionnelle à l'institutionnalisation du leadership
Authors: Payette Alex , Lin Ting-sheng 
Published: June 2013

Résumé.Cet article défend l'idée que pour être en mesure de bien saisir la sélection des élites communistes chinoises (cadres, fonctionnaires, leaders), il faille maintenant se détourner des approches utilisant la variable factionnelle comme élément explicatif pour ensuite mettre l'accent sur les règles et les conditions formelles « nécessaires » à la nomination et à la sélection du personnel. Nous pensons que l'âge et l'expérience dans les instances du Parti et de l'État prennent progressivement le dessus sur le côté informel de la politique chinoise. Enfin, ce texte se veut une mise en garde aux chercheurs concernant l'utilisation de la notion de faction dans la politique chinoise, à ne pas accepter a priori l'existence des factions et encore moins leurs présumées influences.Abstract.This article puts forward the idea that to be able to understand the selection of Chinese communist elites (cadres, officials, leaders), we must now turn away from approaches using the factional variable as an explanatory element to instead focus on rules and “necessary” formal requirements for the nomination and selection of personnel. We believe that age and experience in both the Party and State apparatus are gradually taking over the informal side of Chinese politics. Finally, this article wants to be understood as a warning to researchers regarding the use of the notion of faction in Chinese politics. Neither the existence of factions nor, much less, their supposed influence, should be accepted a priori.
A Climate for Abduction, a Climate for Redemption: The Politics of Inclusion during and after the Armenian Genocide
Authors: Ekmekcioglu Lerna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article explores a forcible, wartime transfer of women and minors from one ethnic group to another, and its partial reversal after the war. I analyze the historical conditions that enabled the original transfer, and then the circumstances that shaped the reverse transfer. The setting is Istanbul during and immediately after World War I, and the protagonists are various influential agents connected to the Ottoman Turkish state and to the Armenian Patriarchate. The absence and subsequent involvement of European Great Powers determines the broader, shifting context. The narrative follows the bodies of women and children, who were the subjects of the protagonists' discourses and the objects of their policies. This is the first in-depth study to connect these two processes involved: the wartime integration of Armenian women and children into Muslim settings, and postwar Armenian attempts to rescue, reintegrate, and redistribute them. I explain why and how the Armenianvorpahavak(gathering of orphans and widows) worked as it did, and situate it comparatively with similar events. I highlight its uniqueness, and the theoretical possibilities that it offers toward understanding why and how women, children, and reproduction matter to collectivities in crisis.
Malaysia's Syariah Judiciary as Global Assemblage: Islamization, Corporatization, and Other Transformations in Context
Authors: Peletz Michael G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis essay concerns transformations in the judicial apparatus involved in implementing Islamic law (syariah/shari‘a) in Malaysia, a Muslim-majority nation in Southeast Asia. Three of my goals are to delineate some of the empirical complexities of thesyariahjudiciary's day-to-day operations and the mutually contradictory directions in which it is moving; to problematize the widely invoked trope of Islamization as a gloss for these phenomena; and to illustrate that this judiciary is profitably viewed as a global assemblage (Deleuze and Guattari 1987; Ong and Collier 2005). Another, more general, objective is to elucidate some of the ways that religion, law, and attendant phenomena are being bureaucratized, rationalized, corporatized, and otherwise transformed in an increasingly globalized world.
Adiabatic formulation of charged particle dynamics in an inhomogeneous electro-magnetic field
Authors: Sagar Vikram , Sengupta Sudip , Kaw Predhiman 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe relativistic motion of a charged particle is studied in an inhomogeneous field of finite duration laser pulse. An inhomogeneity in a laser field is due to the spatial variation of laser intensity. Such a variation in laser intensity is characteristic of focused and de-focused laser beams. In the presence of an inhomogeneity, the problem becomes non-integrable and hence particle dynamics can not be derived exactly. In the present work considering a slow variation in the laser intensity, it is shown that the particle dynamics is associated with an adiabatic invariant. It is further found that the adiabatic invariant itself evolves and in a typical example changes such that the adiabaticity parameter attains a value of order unity. Thus higher orders of invariance are required for specifying the particle dynamics in terms of an adiabatic invariant. An adiabatic formalism is derived using the Lie transform perturbation method for calculating the higher orders of invariance and to obtain the evolution of the adiabatic invariant. The estimates of energy gained by a particle considering focused laser field are obtained by solving the equation of motion numerically. On comparing the results of a numerical experiment with theoretical predictions, it is found that the energy estimates improve on taking into account higher orders of invariance predicted by the present theory.
Modelling interventions during a dengue outbreak
Authors: BARMAK D. H. , DORSO C. O. , OTERO M. , SOLARI H. G. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYWe present a stochastic dynamical model for the transmission of dengue that considers the co-evolution of the spatial dynamics of the vectors (Aedes aegypti) and hosts (human population), allowing the simulation of control strategies adapted to the actual evolution of an epidemic outbreak. We observed that imposing restrictions on the movement of infected humans is not a highly effective strategy. In contrast, isolating infected individuals with high levels of compliance by the human population is efficient even when implemented with delays during an ongoing outbreak. We also studied insecticide-spraying strategies assuming different (hypothetical) efficiencies. We observed that highly efficient fumigation strategies seem to be effective during an outbreak. Nevertheless, taking into account the controversial results on the use of spraying as a single control strategy, we suggest that carrying out combined strategies of fumigation and isolation during an epidemic outbreak should account for a suitable strategy for the attenuation of epidemic outbreaks.
Outbreak of leptospirosis after white-water rafting: sign of a shift from rural to recreational leptospirosis in Sri Lanka?
Authors: AGAMPODI S. B. , KARUNARATHNA D. , JAYATHILALA N. , RATHNAYAKA H. , AGAMPODI T. C. , KARUNANAYAKA L. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper reports the first recreation-related leptospirosis outbreak in Sri Lanka in 20 office workers who were involved in white-water rafting during a staff outing. Two weeks after the rafting event on 7 September 2012, six participants developed fever, of which four had classical clinical features of leptospirosis. Four weeks after the exposure, an outbreak investigation was conducted for 19 of the 20 participants. Of the six fever patients, four were confirmed as having acute leptospirosis using either single sample MAT titre ⩾1/400 (n = 2) or positive IgM ELISA (n = 2). An afebrile patient with headache and myalgia also had a MAT titre ⩾1/400. Seventeen of the 19 participants investigated showed anti-leptospiral antibodies. None of the participants had a history of leptospirosis or recent outdoor exposures other than the rafting event. This outbreak provides evidence of the changing epidemiology of leptospirosis and suggests a wider range of risk exposures including those related to recreational activities of more affluent urban populations in addition to the well recognized occupational hazards of rural farming.
Power and music in Cairo: Azbakiyya – ERRATUM
Authors: MESTYAN ADAM 
Published: June 2013

The editors regret that in the article by Mestyan (first published online, 24th May 2013) the dates provided for the captions for Figures 2 and 3 are incorrect. The map in Figure 2 is from the 1860s and that in Figure 3 is from the 1870s.
‘WLTM caring contractor’: the dating game of Design and Build contracts
Authors: Wigglesworth Sarah 
Published: June 2013

The standard construction contract in the UK, such as JCT 2005, is designed to balance time, quality and cost. Typically, the contract documents consist of a bespoke design described by a full package of drawings and a specification describing quality, techniques and materials. These enable a contractor to offer a fixed price for the work and establish a programme and the aim is to provide a level of financial security that leaves little to error or to contingent forces. That, at least, is the theory. In practice, there are few contracts that run as smoothly as the theory suggests, which accounts for the myriad case law in this area.In preparing the contract documents, an architect conventionally begins their work by acting as agent for the client. Once appointed, s/he develops the brief with the client and/or users, designs the building and guides the scheme through the regulatory system, describing it in sufficient detail to allow a contractor to arrive at an accurate cost. After this, the ways in which a building can be procured can vary considerably. This article focuses on what happens under a Design and Build (D&B) contract.
Accumulation with or without dispossession? A ‘both/and’ approach to China in Africa with reference to Angola
Authors: Ovadia Jesse 
                      Salah 
Published: June 2013

In the burgeoning field of research on China in Africa, analyses generally fall on a continuum between two divergent positions. With reference to Angola, this paper reviews perspectives on China in Africa as well as the main features of Chinese engagement with the continent in order to interrogate the ‘divide’ between the ‘China threat’ and ‘peaceful rise’ positions. The goal is not to take a centrist position, but rather to suggest that China represents for Africa both a new imperialism and a new model of development. While differentiating between the new Euro-American and Chinese imperialisms, China's new engagement, exemplified by its relationship with Angola, is a project of recolonisation and appropriation of economic surplus. The Chinese variety of imperialism, however, offers African states a compromise to their elite and to their citizens that has heretofore been missing from post-colonial Euro-American imperialism – the prospect of sustained economic growth and improvement to the quality of everyday life.
[Accumulation avec ou sans dépossession? Une approche « à la fois/et » à la Chine en Afrique, avec comme exemple l'Angola.] Dans le domaine de la recherche en plein essor sur la Chine en Afrique, les analyses se situent généralement sur un continuum entre deux positions divergentes. En prenant comme exemple l'Angola, cet article examine les perspectives de la Chine en Afrique ainsi que les principales caractéristiques de l'engagement chinois envers le continent afin de questionner le fossé entre les positions craignant la « menace chinoise » et celle croyant en « la montée en puissance pacifique » du pays. L'objectif n'est pas d'adopter une position centriste, mais plutôt de suggérer que la Chine représente pour l'Afrique à la fois un nouvel impérialisme et un nouveau modèle de développement. Alors qu'il se différencie des nouveaux impérialismes euro-américains et chinois, le nouvel engagement de la Chine, illustré par sa relation avec l'Angola, est un projet de recolonisation et d'appropriation de l'excédent économique. La grande variété de l'impérialisme chinois offre cependant un compromis, à l’élite et aux citoyens des États africains, qui était précédemment absent de l'impérialisme postcolonial euro-américain – la perspective d'une croissance économique durable et de l'amélioration de la qualité de la vie de tous les jours.

Mots-clés : Chine Angola; pétrole; accumulation; nouvel impérialisme
Deep Integration in north–south relations: compatibility issues between the EU and South Africa
Authors: Claar Simone , Nölke Andreas 
Published: June 2013

Deep Integration (DI), defined as the abolishment of ‘behind the border’ trade restrictions, has been a major focus of activity within the European Union. More recently, Deep Integration has also been included in the negotiations of new bilateral and regional trade agreements. This paper chooses the current EU–South Africa negotiations as a case study and argues that these tendencies may become a dangerous restriction for the economic policy space of the South African government. We will discuss selected issues of Deep Integration projects – in particular corporate governance and competition policies – with a ‘comparative capitalism’ framework as the analytical backdrop.
[Intégration forte dans les relations nord-sud: questions de compatibilité entre l'UE et l'Afrique du Sud.] L'intégration forte, définie comme la suppression des restrictions commerciales au-delà des frontières, a été un objectif majeur au sein de l'Union européenne (UE). Plus récemment, l'intégration forte a également été incluse dans les négociations de nouveaux accords commerciaux bilatéraux et régionaux. Cet article a choisi les négociations actuelles entre l'UE et l'Afrique du Sud comme cas d'étude et soutient que ces tendances pourraient devenir une restriction dangereuse aux marges de manœuvre du gouvernement sud-africain. Certaines questions relatives à des projets d'intégration forte seront discutées – en particulier la gouvernance des entreprises et les politiques de concurrence – le cadre analytique choisi étant le contexte d'un « capitalisme comparé ».

Mots-clés : intégration forte; capitalisme comparé; relations nord–sud; gouvernance des entreprises; politique de la concurrence
Rural wage employment in Africa: methodological issues and emerging evidence
Authors: Oya Carlos 
Published: June 2013

This article explores the evidence on rural labour markets and wage employment in sub-Saharan Africa. The article argues that much of the official statistical evidence on rural wage employment is either scarce or unreliable, and discusses a number of hypotheses and reasons for this. A number of alternatives are discussed to overcome the most serious weaknesses of conventional data collection methods and to illustrate their usefulness with selected findings and emerging themes from field research that has attempted to overcome the shortcomings of standard household surveys in rural Africa, in order to capture the nature and dynamics of rural wage employment.[L'emploi salarié dans les zones rurales en Afrique : questions méthodologiques et nouvelles données.] Cet article examine les données sur les marchés du travail et le travail salarié dans les zones rurales en Afrique subsaharienne. L'article soutient que la plupart des données statistiques officielles sur l'emploi salarié rural est soit rare, soit non fiable, et discute d'un certain nombre d'hypothèses et raisons pour ce résultat. Un certain nombre d'alternatives sont discutées pour pallier aux faiblesses les plus sérieuses des méthodes conventionnelles de collecte de données ainsi que pour illustrer leur utilité quant aux résultats sélectionnés et aux thèmes de recherche émergents ayant tenté de pallier aux lacunes des enquêtes standards auprès des ménages dans les zones rurales africaines, afin de saisir la nature et les dynamiques de l'emploi salarié rural.Mots-clés: marchés du travail en zone rurale; emploi salarié agricole; méthodologie d'enquête; Afrique; pauvreté
Critical power derived from a 3‐min all‐out test predicts 16.1‐km road time‐trial performance
Authors: Black Matthew I. , Durant Jacob , Jones Andrew M. , Vanhatalo Anni 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIt has been shown that the critical power (CP) in cycling estimated using a novel 3‐min all‐out protocol is reliable and closely matches the CP derived from conventional procedures. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive validity of the all‐out test CP estimate. We hypothesised that the all‐out test CP would be significantly correlated with 16.1‐km road time‐trial (TT) performance and more strongly correlated with performance than the gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP) and V̇O2 max. Ten club‐level male cyclists (mean±SD: age 33.8±8.2 y, body mass 73.8±4.3 kg,
V̇O2 max 60±4 ml·kg−1·min−1) performed a 10‐mile road TT, a ramp incremental test to exhaustion, and two 3‐min all‐out tests, the first of which served as familiarisation. The 16.1‐km TT performance (27.1±1.2 min) was significantly correlated with the CP (309±34 W; r=−0.83, P<0.01) and total work done during the all‐out test (70.9±6.5 kJ; r=−0.86, P<0.01), the ramp incremental test peak power (433±30 W; r=−0.75, P<0.05) and the RCP (315±29 W; r=−0.68, P<0.05), but not with GET (151±32 W; r=−0.21) or the V̇O2 max (4.41±0.25 L·min−1; r=−0.60). These data provide evidence for the predictive validity and practical performance relevance of the 3‐min all‐out test. The 3‐min all‐out test CP may represent a useful addition to the battery of tests employed by applied sport physiologists or coaches to track fitness and predict performance in atheletes.
Response to the Views and Opinions of Maningat, Seib, and Bassi Regarding McCleary et al (2013)
Authors: McCleary Barry V. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPhosphate cross‐linked starch, referred to as resistant starch 4 (RS4) is hydrolyzed much more rapidly under physiological conditions (i.e., pH 6, 37°C, pancreatic α‐amylase) than under the conditions used in AOAC dietary fiber method 985.29/AACC International Approved Method 32‐45.01 (the Prosky method), in which samples are incubated with thermostable bacterial α‐amylase at 95–100°C. For this reason, the author concludes that the Prosky method overestimates the dietary fiber content of these materials. A more accurate estimate of dietary fiber content is obtained with AOAC Method 2009.01/AACCI Approved Method 32‐45.01.
Starch Pasting and Textural Attributes of Elbow Macaroni as Impacted by Dough Moisture, Dough Mixing Time, and Macaroni Cooking Time
Authors: Lemlioglu‐Austin Dilek , Jackson David S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe effects of dough moisture, mixing time, and cooking time on uncooked and cooked elbow macaroni by means of starch pasting and macaroni textural characteristics were investigated. In conventional elbow macaroni production, cooking time was found to have significant contributions to cooked macaroni starch pasting properties, indicating that degree of starch cook dependent on cooking time was the main influence on cooked macaroni starch pasting phenomena. Dough moisture also showed some significant (P < 0.05) relationships with cooked macaroni starch pasting properties; however, mixing time did not show significant effect. Cooked macaroni starch pasting properties showed significantly (P < 0.05) high correlations with cooked macaroni firmness and stickiness. Cooking time was the only major variable contributing to variations in cooked elbow macaroni starch and consequently in pasting and texture characteristics. Cooking time was highly related to firmness and stickiness of cooked elbow macaroni (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.8148; P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.6215, respectively). In addition, dough moisture had a slight significant (P < 0.05) effect on cooked elbow macaroni firmness and stickiness. Cooked elbow macaroni firmness and stickiness were found to be highly correlated (P = 0.0001, R2 = 0.8459). Increases in firmness increased cooked elbow macaroni stickiness. As a result, when elbow macaroni was cooked for shorter times, firmer and stickier macaroni was obtained.