bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Blood Signature of Vasodilator-Responsive Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hemnes Anna R. , Trammell Aaron W. , Archer Stephen L. , Rich Stuart , Yu Chang , Nian Hui , Penner Niki , Funke Mitchell , Wheeler Lisa , Robbins Ivan M. , Austin Eric D. , Newman John H. , West James 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Heterogeneity in response to treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major challenge to improving outcome in this disease. Although vasodilator-responsive PAH (VR-PAH) accounts for a minority of cases, VR-PAH has a pronounced response to calcium channel blockers and better survival than vasodilator-nonresponsive PAH (VN-PAH). We hypothesized that VR-PAH has a different molecular cause from VN-PAH that can be detected in the peripheral blood.

Methods and Results—

Microarrays of cultured lymphocytes from VR-PAH and VN-PAH patients followed at Vanderbilt University were performed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction performed on peripheral blood for the 25 most different genes. We developed a decision tree to identify VR-PAH patients on the basis of the results with validation in a second VR-PAH cohort from the University of Chicago. We found broad differences in gene expression patterns on microarray analysis including cell-cell adhesion factors and cytoskeletal and rho-GTPase genes. Thirteen of 25 genes tested in whole blood were significantly different:
EPDR1
,
DSG2
,
SCD5
,
P2RY5
,
MGAT5
,
RHOQ
,
UCHL1
,
ZNF652
,
RALGPS2
,
TPD52
,
MKNL1
,
RAPGEF2
, and
PIAS1.
Seven decision trees were built with the use of expression levels of 2 genes as the primary genes:
DSG2
, a desmosomal cadherin involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and
RHOQ
, which encodes a cytoskeletal protein involved in insulin-mediated signaling. These trees correctly identified 5 of 5 VR-PAH patients in the validation cohort.

Conclusions—
VR-PAH and VN-PAH can be differentiated with the use of RNA expression patterns in peripheral blood. These differences may reflect different molecular causes of the 2 PAH phenotypes. This biomarker methodology may identify PAH patients who have a favorable treatment response.
The IITM Earth System Model: Transformation of a Seasonal Prediction Model to a Long-Term Climate Model
Authors: Swapna P. , Roxy M. K. , Aparna K. , Kulkarni K. , Prajeesh A. G. , Ashok K. , Krishnan R. , Moorthi S. , Kumar A. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWith the goal of building an Earth system model appropriate for detection, attribution, and projection of changes in the South Asian monsoon, a state-of-the-art seasonal prediction model, namely the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) has been adapted to a climate model suitable for extended climate simulations at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, India. While the CFSv2 model has been skillful in predicting the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) on seasonal time scales, a century-long simulation with it shows biases in the ocean mixed layer, resulting in a 1.5°C cold bias in the global mean surface air temperature, a cold bias in the sea surface temperature (SST), and a cooler-than-observed troposphere. These biases limit the utility of CFSv2 to study climate change issues. To address biases, and to develop an Indian Earth System Model (IITM ESMv1), the ocean component in CFSv2 was replaced at IITM with an improved version, having better physics and interactive ocean biogeochemistry. A 100-yr simulation with the new coupled model (with biogeochemistry switched off) shows substantial improvements, particularly in global mean surface temperature, tropical SST, and mixed layer depth. The model demonstrates fidelity in capturing the dominant modes of climate variability such as the ENSO and Pacific decadal oscillation. The ENSO–ISM teleconnections and the seasonal leads and lags are also well simulated. The model, a successful result of Indo–U.S. collaboration, will contribute to the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) simulations, a first for India.
Consequences of Tibial Tunnel Reaming on the Meniscal Roots During Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Cadaveric Model, Part 1
Authors: LaPrade Christopher M. , Smith Sean D. , Rasmussen Matthew T. , Hamming Mark G. , Wijdicks Coen A. , Engebretsen Lars , Feagin John A. , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: November 2014

Background: The current standard for treating complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is reconstruction, which requires reaming a tibial tunnel. Based on recent anatomic and biomechanical studies, this reconstruction tunnel may cause injuries to the anterior meniscal root attachments. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine if injuries occurred to the anteromedial (AM) and anterolateral (AL) meniscal root attachments because of reaming a tibial reconstruction tunnel in the anatomic center of the ACL footprint. It was hypothesized that tibial tunnel reaming for ACL reconstruction would result in significant decreases in the attachment area and in ultimate failure strength for the AL root. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twelve matched pairs of human cadaveric knees were tested. One knee from each pair remained intact, while the contralateral knee was reamed with a tibial tunnel for an anatomic ACL reconstruction. The attachment areas of the anterior meniscal roots were measured with a coordinate measuring device before and after tunnel reaming. The anterior meniscal roots were then pulled to failure with a dynamic tensile testing machine. Results: There was a significant mean decrease in the attachment area for the AL root (%Δ, 38%; 95% CI, 25-51) after ACL tunnel reaming compared with the intact state ( P = .003). The mean ultimate failure strength of the native AL root (mean, 610 N; 95% CI, 470-751) was significantly stronger ( P = .015) than that of the AL root with a reamed ACL reconstruction tunnel (mean, 506 N; 95% CI, 353-659). Tunnel reaming did not significantly affect the AM root attachment area or ultimate failure strength. Conclusion: Tibial tunnel reaming during anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction significantly decreased the AL meniscal root attachment area and ultimate failure strength. The AM root was not significantly affected by reaming of the ACL reconstruction tunnel. Future studies should investigate the clinical importance of these iatrogenic injuries to the AL root. Clinical Relevance: The ACL reconstruction tunnels reamed in the center of the ACL tibial footprint caused a significant decrease in the attachment area and ultimate strength of the AL meniscal root attachment. Clinically, repositioning guide pins placed in the lateral aspect of the ACL attachment before tibial tunnel reaming may minimize iatrogenic injuries to the AL meniscal root attachment.
Economic Intervention and Parenting
Authors: Nam Yunju , Wikoff Nora , Sherraden Michael 
Published: November 2014

Objective: We examine the effects of Child Development Accounts (CDAs) on parenting stress and practices. Methods: We use data from the SEED for Oklahoma Kids (SEED OK) experiment. SEED OK selected caregivers of infants from Oklahoma birth certificates using a probability sampling method, randomly assigned caregivers to the treatment ( n = 1,132) or control group ( n = 1,098), and provided college savings incentives only to the treatment group. We run regression analyses on a parenting stress scale and six continuous measures of parenting practices. Results: There were no significant differences in parenting outcomes between treatment and control groups, with the exception of frequency of screaming at the child. CDAs have more salient effects on American Indians than on other groups. Conclusions: We present weak evidence for CDAs’ positive impacts on parenting outcomes. Further research is needed to determine whether these initial results change over time.
ACTN1-related thrombocytopenia: identification of novel families for phenotypic characterization
Authors: Bottega Roberta , Marconi Caterina , Faleschini Michela , Baj Gabriele , Cagioni Claudia , Pecci Alessandro , Pippucci Tommaso , Ramenghi Ugo , Pardini Simonetta , Ngu Loretta , Baronci Carlo , Kunishima Shinji , Balduini Carlo L. , Seri Marco , Savoia Anna , Noris Patrizia 
Published: November 2014

Key Points
ACTN1 mutations were identified in 10 of 239 families with inherited thrombocytopenia of unknown origin. ACTN1-related thrombocytopenia is characterized by mild thrombocytopenia with platelet macrocytosis and low risk for bleeding.
Type-1 pericytes accumulate after tissue injury and produce collagen in an organ-dependent manner
Authors: Birbrair Alexander , Zhang Tan , Files Daniel Clark , Mannava Sandeep , Smith Thomas , Wang Zhong-Min , Messi Maria Laura , Mintz Akiva , Delbono Osvaldo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Fibrosis, or scar formation, is a pathological condition characterized by excessive production and accumulation of collagen, loss of tissue architecture, and organ failure in response to uncontrolled wound healing. Several cellular populations have been implicated, including bone marrow-derived circulating fibrocytes, endothelial cells, resident fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and recently, perivascular cells called pericytes. We previously demonstrated pericyte functional heterogeneity in skeletal muscle. Whether pericyte subtypes are present in other tissues and whether a specific pericyte subset contributes to organ fibrosis are unknown.

Methods
Here, we report the presence of two pericyte subtypes, type-1 (Nestin-GFP-/NG2-DsRed+) and type-2 (Nestin-GFP+/NG2-DsRed+), surrounding blood vessels in lungs, kidneys, heart, spinal cord, and brain. Using Nestin-GFP/NG2-DsRed transgenic mice, we induced pulmonary, renal, cardiac, spinal cord, and cortical injuries to investigate the contributions of pericyte subtypes to fibrous tissue formation in vivo.

Results
A fraction of the lung’s collagen-producing cells corresponds to type-1 pericytes and kidney and heart pericytes do not produce collagen in pathological fibrosis. Note that type-1, but not type-2, pericytes increase and accumulate near the fibrotic tissue in all organs analyzed. Surprisingly, after CNS injury, type-1 pericytes differ from scar-forming PDGFRβ + cells.

Conclusions
Pericyte subpopulations respond differentially to tissue injury, and the production of collagen by type-1 pericytes is organ-dependent. Characterization of the mechanisms underlying scar formation generates cellular targets for future anti-fibrotic therapeutics.
Oxygen-atom-transfer Reactions of a Palladium(II) Peroxocarbonate Complex
Authors: Sase Shohei , Hashimoto Maki , Goto Kei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Reactivity of a palladium(II) peroxocarbonate complex was investigated. It was found that a bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) palladium(II) peroxocarbonate acts as an oxygen-atom-transfer (OAT) reagent toward a phosphine and a sulfoxide. In these OAT reactions, the peroxocarbonate was converted to the corresponding palladium(II) carbonate. While the OAT reaction toward triphenylphosphine proceeded only sluggishly, addition of lithium chloride remarkably facilitated the reaction. It was proposed that the chloride ion induces the liberation of the peroxocarbonate moiety from the coordination sphere of palladium.
Gold Nanorods Functionalized with Self-assembled Glycopolymers for Ultrasensitive Detection of Proteins
Authors: Otsuka Hidenori , Muramatsu Yuki , Matsukuma Daisuke 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
New, stable, and glyoco-derivatized gold nanorods (GNRs) were prepared using developed amphiphilic block glycopolymers poly[(lactose)m-b-(pyridine)n] to engineer self-organized, densely packed glycopolymeric recognition layers and generate a multivalent binding cavity onto the gold surface. We report a rapid and ultrasensitive biosensing for the weak affinity of protein–carbohydrate binding employing a combination of the longitudinal SPR of GNRs and the cluster glycoside effect. Thus, a very small amount of lectin (100 pg mL−1 = 8.3 × 10−13 M) was detected by the aggregation of GNRs.
Fabrication and Metal-enhanced Fluorescence of Plasmonic Hybrid Nanotubes Consisting of Polythiophene and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Yoshida Ryusuke , Matsumura Takuya , Nakahodo Tsukasa , Fujihara Hisashi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The template-based electropolymerization of terthiophene-modified silver nanoparticles (NPs), 1-AgNP, produced AgNP–polythiophene hybrid nanotubes, which were found to enhance fluorescence in solution and are stable under UV irradiation. The combination of plasmonic activity and chemical stability may allow for a variety of new applications.
Clinical evaluation of a thin absorbent skin adhesive dressing for wound management
Authors: Stephen-Haynes J. , Callaghan R. , Wibaux A. , Johnson P. , Carty N. 
Published: November 2014

Objective: This article assesses the use of BeneHold Thin Absorbent Skin Adhesive (TASA) wound dressings in a large UK primary care organisation. These wound dressings are thin (0.12mm), breathable, transparent, and are able to absorb and retain wound exudate. This non-comparative evaluation was undertaken to explore the clinical advantages this differentiated combination of physical properties offered. Method: The dressings are CE-marked medical devices, and were used on patients with acute and chronic wounds that were assessed and classified as light to moderately exuding. Clinical performance was evaluated with respect to the dressing's ease of use (application and removal, conformability, mould-ability, rolling and edge-lift), debridement, protection of the peri-wound, wear time, fluid handling, wound bed residue, visibility of the wound, and clinical acceptability. The evaluating clinicians used an agreed audit tool to collect data from case reports to document the progression of wounds of various aetiologies, including chronic and acute, for a maximum period of four weeks. Qualitative feedback on dressing performance was also collected at the evaluation's end, both from the clinicians’ and patients’ perspectives Results: Some 15 patients were assessed. The wear time was up to seven days in many cases, and on average was 3.9 days longer than their previous dressings. Clinicians perceived that wounds progressed toward healing in all but two cases, where the wounds remained unchanged. Out of five cases where wounds presented with necrosis, all underwent significant autolytic debridement underneath the new dressings. Transparency was a noted benefit from both the clinicians’ and patients’ perspectives because it enabled continuous monitoring of the full wound bed and peri-wound skin without the need to disrupt the dressing. Conclusion: The dressing was well-received by both clinicians and patients in all fifteen cases. The thin absorbent skin adhesive dressing was found to be a promising new technology that could offer significant advantages to improve the quality, cost, and convenience of wound care. Further work is underway to validate these findings in larger and more homogeneous patient groups. Declaration of interest: N.C., A.W., and P.J. are employees of Vancive Medical Technologies, an Avery Dennison business, which has a financial interest in the product that was evaluated. This study was funded by an educational grant from Vancive Medical Technologies, an Avery Dennison business.
Chinese EFL Leamers’ Comprehension of English Idiom Variants: Effects of Variation Type and Proficiency Level
Authors: Guo Yi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe creative use of English idioms has led to heterogeneous idiom variants that are particularly problematic for L2 learners. Drawing on a cognitive linguistic perspective of idiom learning, this paper categorizes English idiom variants into four major types, and reports on an empirical study that investigated the effects of variation type and proficiency level on Chinese EFL learners’ comprehension of English idiom variants. Targeting non-English major college students of basic and intermediate English levels, the study confirmed the influence of proficiency level on learners’ comprehension and evaluation of the difficuIty of idiom variants. Structural change in idioms was found to be the easiest type and idioms modified in terms of literal imagery were the most difficult in comprehension. These findings suggest that the dominant “rote memorization” tends to limit learners’ choices of comprehension strategies to literal translation and L1 transfer. The learning environment unsupportive of cultivating L2 learners’ analytical ability is held accountable for the generally low success rates in comprehension of idiom variants.
IκΒα inhibits apoptosis at the outer mitochondrial membrane independently of NF‐κB retention
Authors: Pazarentzos Evangelos , Mahul‐Mellier Anne‐Laure , Datler Christoph , Chaisaklert Wanwisa , Hwang Ming‐Shih , Kroon Jan , Qize Ding , Osborne Foy , Al‐Rubaish Abdullah , Al‐Ali Amein , Mazarakis Nicholas D , Aboagye Eric O , Grimm Stefan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIκBα resides in the cytosol where it retains the inducible transcription factor NF‐κB. We show that IκBα also localises to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) to inhibit apoptosis. This effect is especially pronounced in tumour cells with constitutively active NF‐κB that accumulate high amounts of mitochondrial IκBα as a NF‐κB target gene. 3T3 IκBα−/− cells also become protected from apoptosis when IκBα is specifically reconstituted at the OMM. Using various IκBα mutants, we demonstrate that apoptosis inhibition and NF‐κB inhibition can be functionally and structurally separated. At mitochondria, IκBα stabilises the complex of VDAC1 and hexokinase II (HKII), thereby preventing Bax recruitment to VDAC1 and the release of cytochrome c for apoptosis induction. When IκBα is reduced in tumour cells with constitutively active NF‐κB, they show an enhanced response to anticancer treatment in an in vivo xenograft tumour model. Our results reveal the unexpected activity of IκBα in guarding the integrity of the OMM against apoptosis induction and open possibilities for more specific interference in tumours with deregulated NF‐κB.
Cyclic‐di‐GMP signalling and biofilm‐related properties of the Shiga toxin‐producing 2011 German outbreak Escherichia coli O104:H4
Authors: Richter Anja M , Povolotsky Tatyana L , Wieler Lothar H , Hengge Regine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn 2011, nearly 4,000 people in Germany were infected by Shiga toxin (Stx)‐producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 with > 22% of patients developing haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Genome sequencing showed the outbreak strain to be related to enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), suggesting its high virulence results from EAEC‐typical strong adherence and biofilm formation combined to Stx production. Here, we report that the outbreak strain contains a novel diguanylate cyclase (DgcX)—producing the biofilm‐promoting second messenger c‐di‐GMP—that shows higher expression than any other known E. coli diguanylate cyclase. Unlike closely related E. coli, the outbreak strain expresses the c‐di‐GMP‐controlled biofilm regulator CsgD and amyloid curli fibres at 37°C, but is cellulose‐negative. Moreover, it constantly generates derivatives with further increased and deregulated production of CsgD and curli. Since curli fibres are strongly proinflammatory, with cellulose counteracting this effect, high c‐di‐GMP and curli production by the outbreak O104:H4 strain may enhance not only adherence but may also contribute to inflammation, thereby facilitating entry of Stx into the bloodstream and to the kidneys where Stx causes HUS.
Photoelectronic Utility of Photoinduced Electron Transfer by Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes
Authors: You Youngmin 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIntermolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) has found a wide range of photoelectronic utility. One of the most notable examples includes the natural photosynthesis, where PeT between chlorophyll and quinone triggers photon-to-chemical energy conversion. We observed that phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes exhibited efficient PeT to trigger a cascade of catalytic intermolecular electron transfer among electrochemically active molecules. To establish the photoelectronic utility of PeT, a series of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes were prepared and evaluated for photoelectrocatalytic conversion of dithienylethene (DTE) compounds. Selective photoexcitation of the Ir(III) complexes facilitated ultrafast PeT from DTE. The oxidative PeT initiated electrocatalytic cycloreversion of DTE, yielding one order of magnitude enhancement in quantum yields relative to direct photochromic conversion.
Systematic Review of Postradiotherapy Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Epler Gary R. , Kelly Eileen M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background.
Radiation therapy for breast cancer has been implicated in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP). This inflammatory lung disorder was first noted in 1983, and there have been numerous reports of BOOP occurring in women who have had radiation therapy for breast cancer since 1995. This study was undertaken to perform a systematic review of postradiotherapy BOOP to determine the occurrence, presentation, treatment, and outcome.

Materials and Methods.
A systematic literature review was conducted according to the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses report.

Results.
The literature search yielded 10 Japanese epidemiological reports with 129 women, 4 case series reports with 36 women, and 24 case reports with 34 women. Common symptoms included fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Most patients received corticosteroid therapy, and duration of treatment ranged from 6 months to 1 year, although some patients received steroids for longer than 1 year because of relapse, which occurred in approximately one half of patients. No deaths have been reported.

Conclusion.
BOOP is a rare but significant complication from radiation therapy for breast cancer. Chest radiographic studies for women who report new respiratory symptoms during the postradiation period can be beneficial for early diagnosis and for guiding appropriate management.
Chronic Thalidomide and Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Jennifer , Ng Jennifer , Christos Paul J. , Goldenberg Alec S. , Sparano Joseph , Sung Max W. , Hochster Howard S. , Muggia Franco M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background.
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been used to curtail tumor vasculature and delay tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a phase I trial to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of thalidomide when combined with TACE in patients with advanced HCC.

Methods.
Between June 2000 and November 2003, 56 patients with unresectable HCC and amenable to TACE were enrolled. The starting dose of thalidomide was 200 mg/day and was escalated every 2 weeks as tolerated to a maximum dose of 1,000 mg/day. Dose reductions and discontinuation were determined by toxicity. TACE was performed 4 weeks after initiation of thalidomide therapy and repeated as necessary.

Results.
Overall, 47 and 55 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity, respectively; the median dose of thalidomide given was 200 mg/day. Three patients (6.38%) patients achieved complete responses, whereas 10 (21.3%) had partial responses, for an overall response rate of 27.7%, and 27 (57.5%) had stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 7 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5–10 months), and median OS was 21 months (95% CI: 16–28 months) (Fig. 1). Fatigue and lethargy (49.1%), constipation (47.3%), and nausea (43.6%) were common. Grade 3–4 toxicities consisted mostly of increased aspartate aminotransferase (43.6%) and elevated alanine aminotransferase (38.2%) (Table 1).

Conclusion.
Thalidomide and TACE were commonly associated with nonhematologic side effects, with fatigue and constipation being prominent. With a lack of clear therapeutic benefit, this combination is unlikely to be pursued for HCC.