bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Josiah Royce and Catholic Religious Experience
Authors: Anthony Cara 
Published: March 2013

Abstract“Religious experience” is an ambiguous theological term. American philosophers William James and John Dewey contribute to an understanding of religious experience as private and strictly affective, which reinforces belief in a denuminized communal sphere. Another American philosopher, Josiah Royce, accounts for religious experience in ways that resonate with Catholic experience and that counteract current American tendencies to privacy and insularity. Royce envisions an alternative to both William James' individualism and John Dewey's naturalism that illumines two typically Catholic experiences: encountering God sacramentally in the community called “church,” and discovering God's gracious power within human knowledge and freedom. His description of the sources of religious insight affirm the intellectual and actional elements of religious experience as well as its affective dimensions. His description of the act of interpretation explains how many selves can take part in a single experience, and thereby create a shared life together.
Interdisciplinarity in Teaching Medieval Mysticism: the Case of Angela of Foligno
Authors: Mooney Catherine M. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis essay addresses two related challenges facing educators who teach about medieval saints, mystics, and their texts. The first is how to relate to the theologies and spiritualities of people who inhabited cultures radically distinct from the modern and postmodern periods. The second regards the contemporary tendency to evaluate medieval believers in terms of modernist intellectual frameworks, most notably clinical psychological categories. A case study approaching the medieval mystic Angela of Foligno from three disciplinary points of view—clinical psychology, historical theology, and cultural history—illustrates how educators might respond to students' penchant to privilege clinical psychology when considering medieval mystics and saints, and shows not only the complementarity of interdisciplinarity, but also its limitations.
Ancient, Postmodern, and Prophetic: How Haight's Symbol Theory (Almost) Does It All
Authors: Clatterbuck Mark S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe achievements of Roger Haight's provocative book Jesus Symbol of God rise and fall according to the strengths—and weaknesses—of Haight's symbol theory as applied to his christological project. While this essay expresses a largely positive view of Haight's overall project, it focuses on two key shortcomings pertaining to Haight's symbol theory as it shapes his Christology: first, that his notion of symbol is too low to serve traditional Christology; second, that Haight strips religious symbols of their prophetic power by conceding too much to his audience. Drawing on the symbol theories of Karl Rahner and Paul Ricoeur, to whom Haight is deeply indebted for his understanding of symbol, a path is indicated by which Haight's model could more adequately wed symbol theory and Christology in yielding a more fruitful understanding of Jesus as symbol of God.
Evolution and Catholicism: A Few Modest Proposals
Authors: Heft James L. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTDuring 2006, two events, one involving mainly Protestants and the other Catholics, triggered widespread debate on evolution and Christianity. The Dover, Pennsylvania case focused on whether intelligent design (ID) should be taught alongside evolution in public high school science classes; aNew York TimesOp-Ed by Cardinal Schönborn of Austria argued that Catholics should reject neo-Darwinianism. Once again, these debates raise the important issue of the relationship of science and religion, and more specifically, science and Catholicism, and call for further reflection on how Catholic theology should conceive of its role in an age still dominated by science.
Apocalypticism in a Catholic Key: Lessons from Thomas Merton
Authors: Pramuk Christopher 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn the wake of Karl Rahner, a range of theologians have made a compelling case that theology cannot afford to dismiss popular fascination with “the End-times,” nor downplay the apocalyptic tenor of the New Testament itself. Nevertheless in Catholic theology apocalypticism remains something of an oddity, a message in search of a credible form. This essay explores the apocalyptic tenor of Thomas Merton's mature period (1957–68) in order to propose some crucial distinctions between apocalyptic in an authentically “Catholic,” “analogical,” or “ironic” mode, and other, more dialectical forms of apocalyptic that have long dominated American religious and popular consciousness. Bringing Merton into dialogue with Russian sophiology, William Lynch, Johannes Baptist Metz, and others, the author highlights Merton's contribution to the difficult question of form: that is, how apocalypticism might be communicated in a way that seizes on the historical urgency of the gospel but also refuses to cede to a mythological, dialectical, or dangerously idolatrous imagination.
Augustine's Doctrine of the Totus Christus: Reflecting on the Church as Sacrament of Unity
Authors: Baker Kimberly 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis article examines Augustine's doctrine of the totus Christus, “the whole Christ” with Christ as Head and the Church as Body. It considers the new identity as Christ that Christians receive in the sacraments of initiation that unite individuals in the Church community, and the sacramental presence of the Church in the world as one of unifying love. This new identity forms the Church for mission as it joins Christ in a mission of love that unites people to one another as it unites them to God. The Church joins Christ in standing in solidarity with those in need, thus radiating Christ's unifying, transformative love in the world. The article ends with a suggestion that Augustine's view of the totus Christus might be a valuable resource for delving more deeply into Vatican II's vision of the sacramental unity of the Church.
Pale Analogies and Dead Metaphors: Some Recent Trends in Religious Language
Authors: Caponi Francis J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn Christian tradition, accounts of religious language have commonly centered on analogical predication arising from a created world that reflects its Creator. Recent decades have witnessed a change: metaphor has gone into ascendance while analogy has suffered an eclipse. This essay critiques four trends in contemporary accounts of religious language: the ascription of universal range to metaphor; inadequate accounts of the nature of metaphor; insufficient attention given to the nature of literal speech; and the consequent deficient understandings of the relationship of metaphor and analogy. I then draw on Thomas Aquinas for an account of religious speech that defends the cognitive indispensability of metaphor while arguing for the logical primacy of analogy.
Yves Congar and the “Monster” of Nouvelle Théologie
Authors: Mettepenningen Jürgen 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn the last decade a number of publications have appeared regarding the life and work of the French Dominican Yves Congar. The present essay presents the “young Congar” of the 1930s, in particular his vision of what Catholic theology should be. The author defends the thesis that it is Congar who initiated the “program” of (the first phase of) the so-called nouvelle théologie (“new theology”). After a general survey of the central features of the nouvelle théologie and its development, the author gives an overview of the three ways in which Congar is to be understood its pioneer and representative.
Picturing Suffering: The Moral Dilemmas in Gazing at Photographs of Human Anguish
Authors: Cassidy Laurie 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPhotographs of human suffering inundate everyday life in the United States. The camera lens brings the human gaze into the intimate anguish of state sponsored torture and “natural disaster.” This essay argues that photographs of suffering in contemporary culture present a nexus of ethical and moral issues. These issues arise from how photographs represent suffering “others” and how these images inform collective response to human anguish. This essay interrogates this intersection through the lens of Christian ethics' root metaphor ofimago Dei. First, the essay explores the power and privilege that are invisible in the act of gazing upon a photograph of human suffering. Second, Kevin Carter's 1994 Pulitzer Prize winning photo of a Sudanese girl-child is deconstructed through the use of visual cultural studies. This analysis illustrates that photographs are not a literal depiction of suffering but rather a cultural representation which deeply condition the knowledge of human suffering. Finally, the essay argues that the photo is an invitation for the viewer to become an agent, not a spectator whose morality is realized in the sociality ofimago Deiin suffering.
Cavanaugh on the Church and the Modern State: An Appraisal
Authors: Shadle Matthew A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn a series of recent articles and books, the Catholic theologian William T. Cavanaugh has leveled a profound challenge to the modern state. He critiques its pretentions to be a savior and to provide social cohesion. He proposes that the church should provide resistance to, and even be an alternative to, the modern state. While Cavanaugh draws creative insights from Augustine's political thought, he misuses that thought in ways that dismiss the positive goods provided by the government. Cavanaugh also makes a positive contribution to Catholic social ethics by employing “the social imaginary” to describe the modern state, but overemphasizes the states historical distinctiveness, downplaying what it has in common with earlier forms of political community, namely the pursuit of bodily well-being and social organization.
Re-imagining Redemption: Universal Salvation in the Theology of Julian of Norwich
Authors: Walsh Maureen L. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe revelations Julian of Norwich received in 1373 provided her with unique insight that transformed her understanding of the Christian faith and prompted her to re-imagine traditional notions of sin, God's love, and salvation in new ways. Her re-interpretation of these doctrines causes great anxiety for Julian inasmuch as what she learned from her showings was at odds with church teachings, particularly her new understanding of God's plan of salvation for all humanity. I argue that Julian develops a theology of universal salvation characterized by an open understanding of who will participate in the salvation of Christ, and this openness places Julian in tenuous relationship with the church of her day. Ultimately, Julian's trust that “all will be well” allows her to push beyond the tension between her insight and church teachings, in effect challenging the official teaching of no salvation for those outside the church.
What, Why, and How Care Protocols are Implemented in Ontario Nursing Homes
Authors: Berta Whitney , Ginsburg Liane , Gilbart Erin , Lemieux-Charles Louise , Davis Dave 
Published: March 2013

RÉSUMÉLe but de cette étude était de mieux comprendre la mise en oeuvre de protocoles des soins, y compris l’influence des facteurs organisationnels et contextuels sur les approches de mise en oeuvre dans les maisons de soins de longue durée (MSLD) en Ontario. Nous avons sondé les directeurs de soins employés dans tous les 547 maisons de soins de longue durée (MSLD) en Ontario, et avons combiné les données d’enquête avec des données sécondaires concernant l’emplacement rural ou urbain, les dimensions de la maison de soins infirmiers, l’appartenance à une chaîne, le type de propriété, et le status d’accréditation. Les motivations pour l’utilisation ou la sélection de protocoles des soins dans les maisons de soins infirmiers dérivent principalement des croyances en amélioration continue et des soins fondés sur des preuves. Le choix des protocoles a été largement participative, impliquant la gestion et le personnel. Les sources d’informations externes sont importants pour la mise en oeuvre des protocoles, et l’éducation permanente était le principal moyen de l’éducation et la formation du personnel. Des différences significatives dans les méthodes de mise en oeuvre sont devenue évidentes dans le cadre des différences de la propriété. On a identifié trois facteurs essentiels de la réussite dans la mise en oeuvre: la contextualisation d’un changement dans la pratique; le ressourcement pour la mise en oeuvre; et la démonstration du rapport entre les changements dans les pratiques et les résultats.
Survey of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection in German goat flocks
Authors: HELMER C. , EIBACH R. , TEGTMEYER P. C. , HUMANN-ZIEHANK E. , GANTER M. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYAnimal losses due to abortion and malformed offspring during the lambing period 2011/2012 amounted to 50% in ruminants in Europe. A new arthropod-borne virus, called Schmallenberg virus (SBV), was identified as the cause of these losses. Blood samples were obtained from 40 goat flocks and tested for antibodies against SBV by ELISA, with 95% being seropositive. The calculated intra-herd seroprevalence (median 36·7%, min-max 0–93·3%) was smaller than in cattle or sheep flocks. Only 25% of the farmers reported malformations in kids. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly lower risk of goats housed indoors all year-round to be infected by SBV than for goats kept outside day and night. The low intra-herd seroprevalence demonstrates that German goat flocks are still at risk of SBV infection. Therefore, they must be protected during the next lambing seasons by rescheduling the mating period, implementing indoor housing, and continuous treatment with repellents or vaccination.
Heterogeneity in norovirus shedding duration affects community risk
Authors: MILBRATH M. O. , SPICKNALL I. H. , ZELNER J. L. , MOE C. L. , EISENBERG J. N. S. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYNorovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis in all ages. Typical infections cause viral shedding periods of days to weeks, but some individuals can shed for months or years. Most norovirus risk models do not include these long-shedding individuals, and may therefore underestimate risk. We reviewed the literature for norovirus-shedding duration data and stratified these data into two distributions: regular shedding (mean 14–16 days) and long shedding (mean 105–136 days). These distributions were used to inform a norovirus transmission model that predicts the impact of long shedders. Our transmission model predicts that this subpopulation increases the outbreak potential (measured by the reproductive number) by 50–80%, the probability of an outbreak by 33%, the severity of transmission (measured by the attack rate) by 20%, and transmission duration by 100%. Characterizing and understanding shedding duration heterogeneity can provide insights into community transmission that can be useful in mitigating norovirus risk.
Human enterovirus surveillance in the Slovak Republic from 2001 to 2011
Authors: KLEMENT C. , KISSOVA R. , LENGYELOVA V. , STIPALOVA D. , SOBOTOVA Z. , GALAMA J. M. D. , BOPEGAMAGE S. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYWe report the outcome of an 11-year programme monitoring sewage water and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) strategy for polio eradication in the Slovak Republic (SR). Polioviruses (PV) and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV), prior to and after the change in polio vaccination strategy, were detected. Sewage treatment plant samples from 48 localities spread over the Western, Central and Eastern regions and clinical material from AFP cases were examined. The WHO standard procedures were followed with regard to virus isolation and identification. There were 538 commonly detected human enteroviruses (HEVs) including 213 (40%) coxsackie B viruses (CBV), 200 (37%) echoviruses and 113 (21%) Sabin-like PVs (PV1, 2, 3) including vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) isolates. The percentage of PV isolates fell from 66% to 30% during 2001–2005 and thereafter fell to zero. CBV5, CBV2 and echovirus 3 were the NPEVs endemic during the study period.
Risk of pneumonia in relation to body mass index in Australian Aboriginal people
Authors: PHUNG D. T. , WANG Z. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of pneumonia in Aboriginal Australians. A total of 677 adults aged 20–60 years were followed up from the baseline examination during 1992–1995 to June 2012. The pneumonia events were identified through hospital records. Pneumonia incident rates were calculated according to BMI groups. Hazard ratios were computed using Cox regression adjusting for age, smoking and alcohol consumption status. The incident rate of pneumonia was 13·3/1000 person-years, and this rate was significantly higher in females than males (hazard ratio = 1·5). Compared to males with normal BMI (18·5–24·9 kg/m2), the adjusted hazard ratio was 3·5 for males with lowest BMI (P < 0·01). Low BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of hospitalized pneumonia for Aboriginal males. However, the U-shaped trend of this association indicates that the risk of pneumonia is likely to be associated with both low and high BMI.
Development and use of the generic WHO/CDC logic model for vitamin and mineral interventions in public health programmes
Authors: De-Regil Luz Maria , Peña-Rosas Juan Pablo , Flores-Ayala Rafael , del Socorro Jefferds Maria Elena 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveNutrition interventions are critical to achieve the Millennium Development Goals; among them, micronutrient interventions are considered cost-effective and programmatically feasible to scale up, but there are limited tools to communicate the programme components and their relationships. The WHO/CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) logic model for micronutrient interventions in public health programmes is a useful resource for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of these interventions, which depicts the programme theory and expected relationships between inputs and expected Millennium Development Goals.DesignThe model was developed by applying principles of programme evaluation, public health nutrition theory and programmatic expertise. The multifaceted and iterative structure validation included feedback from potential users and adaptation by national stakeholders involved in public health programmes’ design and implementation.ResultsIn addition to the inputs, main activity domains identified as essential for programme development, implementation and performance include: (i) policy; (ii) products and supply; (iii) delivery systems; (iv) quality control; and (v) behaviour change communication. Outputs encompass the access to and coverage of interventions. Outcomes include knowledge and appropriate use of the intervention, as well as effects on micronutrient intake, nutritional status and health of target populations, for ultimate achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.ConclusionsThe WHO/CDC logic model simplifies the process of developing a logic model by providing a tool that has identified high-priority areas and concepts that apply to virtually all public health micronutrient interventions. Countries can adapt it to their context in order to support programme design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation for the successful scale-up of nutrition interventions in public health.
Consumer preferences for micronutrient strategies in China. A comparison between folic acid supplementation and folate biofortification
Authors: De Steur Hans , Feng Shuyi , Xiaoping Shi , Gellynck Xavier 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveDespite public health efforts, folate deficiency is still largely prevalent in poor, rural populations and continues to cause a large burden of disease. The present paper determines and compares consumer preferences for two folate strategies: folic acid supplementationv.folate biofortification, i.e. the enhancement of the folate content in staple crops.DesignExperimental auctions with non-repeated information rounds are applied to rice in order to obtain willingness-to-pay for folate products. Thereby, GM or non-GM folate-biofortified rice (FBR) is auctioned together with rice that is supplemented with free folic acid pills (FAR).SettingShanxi Province (China) as a high-risk region of folate deficiency.SubjectsOne hundred and twenty-six women of childbearing age, divided into a school (n60) and market sample (n66).ResultsDespite differences according to the targeted sample, a general preference for folate biofortification is observed, regardless of the applied breeding technology. Premiums vary between 33·9 % (GM FBR), 36·5 % (non-GM FBR) and 19·0 % (FAR). Zero bidding behaviour as well as the product choice question, respectively, support and validate these findings. The targeted sample, the timing of the auction, the intention to consume GM food and the responsibility for rice purchases are considered key determinants of product choice. A novel ex-post negative valuation procedure shows low consistency in zero bidding.ConclusionsWhile the low attractiveness of FAR provides an additional argument for the limited effectiveness of past folic acid supplementation programmes, the positive reactions towards GM FBR further support its potential as a possible complementary micronutrient intervention.
The relationship between exchange rates and international trade: a literature review
Authors: AUBOIN MARC , RUTA MICHELE 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper surveys a wide body of economic literature on the relationship between exchange rates and trade. Specifically, two main issues are investigated: the impact of exchange rate volatility and of currency misalignments on international trade flows. On average, exchange rate volatility has a negative (even if not large) impact on trade. The extent of this effect depends on a number of factors, including the existence of hedging instruments, the structure of production (e.g. the prevalence of small firms), and the degree of economic integration across countries. The second issue involves exchange rate misalignments, which are predicted to have short-run effects in models with price rigidities. However, the exact impact depends on a number of features, such as the pricing strategy of firms engaging in international trade and the importance of global production networks. Trade effects of currency misalignments are predicted to disappear in the long-run, unless an economy is characterized by other relevant distortions. Empirical results broadly confirm these theoretical predictions.