bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroxychloroquine and risk of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A population‐based retrospective study of 6408 patients
Authors: Dong Chen , Chen Brian Shiian , Wu Chun Hsien , Chiu Yi‐Ming , Liao Pei‐Lun , Perng Wuu‐Tsun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimPatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures. Studies have shown that patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experienced an increase in bone mineral density (BMD) after receiving hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment, indicating a potential protective effect against osteoporosis. Therefore, this study is to examine the relationship between HCQ usage and the risk of osteoporosis in patients diagnosed with RA.MethodsThe retrospective cohort study used data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) covering the period from January 2010 to December 2018, which included 14 050 newly diagnosed RA patients, subsequently divided into two groups: HCQ users and non‐users. Propensity score matching (PSM) based on sex, age, urbanization, insured unit type, insured area, and comorbidities was conducted to match the groups. The primary outcome assessed was the evaluation of the risk of osteoporosis by employing a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR).ResultsAfter PSM, a total of 6408 RA patients were included in the analysis (3204 HCQ users and 3204 non‐users). There was no significantly higher risk of osteoporosis in HCQ users compared with non‐users, aHR = 0.99 (95% CI: 0.82–1.196). Additionally, different durations of HCQ usage demonstrated a neutral effect on the risk of osteoporosis [HCQ <90 days, aHR = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.585–1.324); HCQ 90–180 days, aHR = 0.941 (95% CI: 0.625–1.418); HCQ >180 days, aHR = 1.019 (95% CI: 0.832–1.249)].ConclusionsThe study indicates that there is no significant association between the use of HCQ and the risk of osteoporosis in patients with RA.
Contraindications in national guidelines for vaginal breech delivery at term: Comparison, consensus, and controversy
Authors: van Dijk Merle R. , Papatsonis Christiaan , Ganzevoort Wessel , Moll Etelka , Scheele Fedde , Velzel Joost 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe optimal mode of delivery for vaginal breech presentation remains a clinical dilemma. Planned vaginal delivery offers maternal advantages because it avoids major abdominal surgery and has no consequences for following pregnancies, while elective cesarean delivery proves advantageous for the neonate because adverse outcomes are less frequent. Patient selection for vaginal breech delivery is important based on the individual risk balance. A lack of consensus exists regarding the specific contraindications for vaginal breech delivery, largely due to limited scientific evidence. This systematic review aims to give an overview of contraindications for vaginal breech delivery, as presented in guidelines, analyze relevant literature, and offer evidence‐based recommendations for the contraindications stated in the guidelines.Material and MethodsTo identify national guidelines PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, NICE, UpToDate, and ClinicalKey were searched using two keywords: “breech presentation” and “vaginal delivery.” We systematically reviewed the literature for existing evidence for contraindications for term vaginal breech delivery. The following databases were searched: PubMed (April 2024), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE (1947 to 2024).ResultsOur search identified eight guidelines that stated a total of 11 contraindications for vaginal breech delivery. Among these guidelines, agreement was limited, with the sole consensus in all guidelines on the contraindication of footling breech. Our comprehensive literature search yielded 43 articles discussing 14 potential contraindications. We found supportive evidence for 7 of 11 contraindications from the guidelines, with only substantial and satisfactory evidence for two contraindications.ConclusionsThe findings of this study underscore the lack of consensus among national guidelines regarding contraindications for term vaginal breech delivery. Furthermore, we found a notable lack of substantial scientific evidence to support these contraindications. In light of these findings, we suggest a reduced list of contraindications in vaginal breech deliveries.
Unveiling the interoception impairment in various major depressive disorder stages
Authors: Zhou Hongliang , Liu Jikang , Wu Yuqing , Huang Zixuan , Wang Wenliang , Ma Yuhang , Zhu Haohao , Zhou Zhenhe , Wang Jun , Jiang Chenguang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe intricate pathophysiological mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD) necessitate the development of comprehensive early indicators that reflect the complex interplay of emotional, physical, and cognitive factors. Despite its potential to fulfill these criteria, interoception remains underexplored in MDD. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of interoception in transforming MDD's clinical practices by examining interoception deficits across various MDD stages and analyzing their complex associations with the spectrum of depressive symptoms.MethodsThis study included 431 healthy individuals, 206 subclinical depression individuals, and 483 MDD patients. Depressive symptoms and interoception function were assessed using the PHQ‐9 and MAIA‐2, respectively.ResultsInteroception dysfunction occurred in the preclinical phase of MDD and further impaired in the clinical stage. Antidepressant therapies showed limited efficacy in improving interoception and might damage some dimensions. Interoceptive dimensions might predict depressive symptoms, primarily enhancing negative thinking patterns. The predictive model based on interoception was built with random split verification and demonstrated good discrimination and predictive performance in identifying MDD.ConclusionsEarly alterations in the preclinical stage, multivariate associations with depressive symptoms, and good discrimination and predictive performance highlight the importance of interoception in MDD management, pointing to a paradigm shift in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Parabrachial nucleus Vglut2 expressing neurons projection to the extended amygdala involved in the regulation of wakefulness during sevoflurane anesthesia in mice
Authors: Yan Yan , Jiao Yingfu , Liang Enpeng , Lei Xiaolu , Zhang Nan , Xu Shimao , Zhang Lin , Wang Jiedong , Luo Tianyuan , Yuan Jie , Yuan Chengdong , Yang Hao , Dong Hongxin , Yu Tian , Yu Weifeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThe parabrachial nucleus (PBN) promotes wakefulness states under general anesthesia. Recent studies have shown that glutamatergic neurons within the PBN play a crucial role in facilitating emergence from anesthesia. Our previous study indicates that vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vglut2) expression neurons of the PBN extend into the extended amygdala (EA). However, the modulation of PBNvglut2‐EA in general anesthesia remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the role of PBNvglut2‐EA in alterations of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia.MethodsWe first validated vglut2‐expressing neuron projections from the PBN to the EA using anterograde tracing. Then, we conducted immunofluorescence staining of c‐Fos to investigate the role of the EA involved in the regulation of consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia. After, we performed calcium fiber photometry recordings to determine the changes in PBNvglut2‐EA activity. Lastly, we modulated PBNvglut2‐EA activity under sevoflurane anesthesia using optogenetics, and electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during specific optogenetic modulation.ResultsThe expression of vglut2 in PBN neurons projected to the EA, and c‐Fos expression in the EA was significantly reduced during sevoflurane anesthesia. Fiber photometry revealed that activity in the PBNvglut2‐EA pathway was suppressed during anesthesia induction but restored upon awakening. Optogenetic activation of the PBNvglut2‐EA delayed the induction of anesthesia. Meanwhile, EEG recordings showed significantly decreased δ oscillations and increased β and γ oscillations compared to the EYFP group. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of the PBNvglut2‐EA resulted in an acceleration of awakening from anesthesia, accompanied by decreased δ oscillations on EEG recordings. Optogenetic inhibition of PBNvglut2‐EA accelerated anesthesia induction. Surprisingly, we found a sex‐specific regulation of PBNvglut2‐EA in this study. The activity of PBNvglut2‐EA was lower in males during the induction of anesthesia and decreased more rapidly during sevoflurane anesthesia compared to females. Photoactivation of the PBNvglut2‐EA reduced the sensitivity of males to sevoflurane, showing more pronounced wakefulness behavior and EEG changes than females.ConclusionsPBNvglut2‐EA is involved in the promotion of wakefulness under sevoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, PBNvglut2‐EA shows sex differences in the changes of consciousness induced by sevoflurane anesthesia.
Can Large Language Models Counter the Recent Decline in Literacy Levels? An Important Role for Cognitive Science
Authors: Huettig Falk , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiteracy is in decline in many parts of the world, accompanied by drops in associated cognitive skills (including IQ) and an increasing susceptibility to fake news. It is possible that the recent explosive growth and widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) might exacerbate this trend, but there is also a chance that LLMs can help turn things around. We argue that cognitive science is ideally suited to help steer future literacy development in the right direction by challenging and informing current educational practices and policy. Cognitive scientists have the right interdisciplinary skills to study, analyze, evaluate, and change LLMs to facilitate their critical use, to encourage turn‐taking that promotes rather than hinders literacy, to support literacy acquisition in diverse and equitable ways, and to scaffold potential future changes in what it means to be literate. We urge cognitive scientists to take up this mantle—the future impact of LLMs on human literacy skills is too important to be left to the large, predominately U.S.‐based tech companies.
Short‐ and long‐term prognostic performance of exercise ECG and myocardial perfusion SPECT
Authors: Kraen M. , Akil S. , Hedén B. , Kjellström B. , Berg J. , Ostenfeld E. , Arheden H. , Carlsson M. , Engblom H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and exercise electrocardiography (Ex‐ECG) results are of prognostic importance for short‐term follow up duration. However, the value of MPS or Ex‐ECG findings for long‐term risk assessment is less evident as underlying risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) gain in importance.ObjectivesTo assess the short‐ and long‐term prognostic value of MPS and Ex‐ECG in relation to known risk factors.Methods and MaterialsAn observational study of 908 patients (age 63 years, 49% male, 45% prior IHD) referred for MPS and Ex‐ECG. Follow‐up was divided into two periods (short‐term: <5 years and long‐term: >5 years). Cardiac events were defined as a composite of acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, unplanned revascularization and cardiovascular death.ResultsThe composite endpoint occurred in 95 patients (short‐term follow up) and in 94 patients (long‐term follow up). In multivariable models stress testing had a strong predictive value for short‐term follow up (HR for MPS = 2.9, CI = 1.9–4.5, p < 0.001 and HR for Ex‐ECG = 2.1, CI 1.3–3.3, p = 0.002), but no predictive value for long‐term follow up (HR for MPS = 0.9, CI = 0.5–1.5, p = 0.70 and HR for Ex‐ECG = 1.0, CI = 0.6–1.6, p = 0.92). Male sex and prior IHD were significant predictors regardless of follow up duration. Age, diabetes and decreased exercise capacity were risk factors for long‐term follow up.ConclusionsThe prognostic value of MPS and Ex‐ECG results are strong for short‐term follow up but diminish over time and do not contribute significantly in multivariable models after 5 years. Long‐term prognosis is primarily governed by underlying risk factors and exercise capacity.
In court we trust? Political affinity and citizen's attitudes toward court's decisions
Authors: Pereira Carlos , Klevenhusen André , Barros Lúcia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the role of citizen political affinities in shaping attitudes towards judicial decisions in corruption cases involving politicians. Although emerging research suggests that decisions regarding a high‐ranking politician can reduce general citizen trust in courts, there is no systematic evidence examining how political affinities differentially affect confidence in court decisions depending on the accused politician. We conducted a survey experiment during a 2022 presidential election rally in Brazil at a time of heightened affective polarization and corruption. We presented respondents with vignettes detailing a fictional corruption scheme and trial outcomes (acquittal or conviction) involving key political figures, including Presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Jair Bolsonaro. The results indicate that when a court decision is consistent with citizens' electoral preferences, they are more inclined to trust the court decision and vice versa.
Preparation and optimization of silicon nitride slurries for digital light processing
Authors: Sha Qi , Xie Jianjun , Duan Yesen , Tang Wenyu , Zhang Jingxian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) three‐dimensional printing has the advantages of both high printing resolution and efficiency and has been used to manufacture high‐precision, small, and complex shaped ceramic parts. One of the challenges of DLP is to develop photosensitive ceramic slurries with high solid content and low viscosity, especially for non‐oxide ceramics such as silicon nitride due to the dispersion and light absorption problem. This study mainly explores the dispersibility of silicon nitride in ultraviolet (UV)‐cured resins and the photocured properties of the slurry. Rheological measurements were utilized to characterize and screen different dispersants in the resin. It was found that DISPERMP is an effective dispersant. In order to improve the curing depth of Si3N4 photosensitive paste, the surface of silicon nitride powder was treated by oxidation, and organic compounds with different refractive indices were also introduced to increase the light penetration depth. It was found that glycerol with a refractive index of 1.474 resulted in the greatest improvement in the curing depth of Si3N4 photosensitive paste. Finally, a proposed slurry composition was developed to successfully print silicon nitride ceramics through UV‐curing molding technology.
31‐GEP (DecisionDx): a review of clinical utility and performance in a Mayo Clinic cohort
Authors: Pazhava Ani , Kim Yong‐hun , Jing Frank Z. , Pittelkow Mark R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous melanoma (CM) is a significant health concern because of its high metastatic potential. Gene Expression Profile (GEP) testing, particularly the 31‐GEP test (DecisionDx‐Melanoma), has been increasingly used for risk stratification in CM patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility and performance of the 31‐GEP test in a real‐world setting.MethodsPatients with CM who underwent 31‐GEP testing from August 2014 to August 2022 at our institution were identified through searches of electronic health records. The study analyzed the influence of 31‐GEP testing on clinical decision‐making related to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), medical oncology referral, and postdiagnosis surveillance. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to elucidate the test's performance, focusing on relapse‐free survival (RFS) and melanoma‐specific survival (MSS).ResultsThe study included 65 CM patients. Dermatologists ordered more than 80% of 31‐GEP tests. In 81.5% of cases, 31‐GEP results did not alter standard clinical management. SLNB decisions were unaffected in 92% of patients with pre‐SLNB 31‐GEP results. Among patients with stage I‐IIA melanoma, 25% of those with high‐risk 31‐GEP results were referred to medical oncology. Contrary to expectations, the rate of nodal metastasis was higher in low‐risk than in high‐risk 31‐GEP cases. Survival analysis showed overlapping RFS and MSS curves between different 31‐GEP classes, suggesting limited prognostic value.ConclusionsThe 31‐GEP test has a limited impact on clinical management decisions and shows limited prognostic value.
Growth selection induced residual stresses and fracture behavior of as‐deposited thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Neog Suruj Protim , Pai Namit , Yadav Deepesh , Curry Nicholas , Joshi Shrikant , Jaya B. Nagamani , Samajdar Indradev 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explored the impact of microstructure and residual stresses on the fracture behavior of as‐deposited thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Two distinct air plasma sprayed TBCs, Coating A (conventional lamellar porous) and Coating B (dense vertically cracked), were investigated. Coating A involved coarser but less dense powders as feedstock and a lower substrate temperature during deposition. Further, Coating A had times higher randomly oriented porosities, finer grains, lower hardness, and elastic stiffness. Strikingly, however, the fracture strength was higher for the porous as‐deposited Coating A. The answer to this apparent contradiction emerged from the intergranular residual stresses. These were measured using both X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution‐electron backscattered diffraction. Coating B, deposited at a higher substrate temperature, had clear growth selection of oriented grains. These also had more out‐of‐plane normal and shear residual stresses. The growth selection induced residual stresses appeared responsible for the decohesion of Coating B from the substrate and, correspondingly, lower fracture strength.
Compositional effects on the growth of diopside crystals in the simulated high‐level waste glass
Authors: Jia Ruidong , Niu Chenchen , Liu Xuelian , Xu Kai , Tan Shengheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBorosilicate glasses are the primary waste forms for the industrial immobilization of high‐level liquid waste. Yet, the compositional variation of waste glasses can form the diopside phase, which can be detrimental to the melting process and the properties of the final glass products. This study prepared simulated waste glasses with variable contents of alkaline earth metals, boron, transition metals, and rare earth metal oxide and subjected them to heat treatments. The effect of the compositional variation on the diopside crystallization behavior was explored using differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results revealed that the average size of diopside crystals was proportional to the square root of the heat treatment durations. Increased contents of alkaline earth and transition metal oxides could contribute to the growth of diopside crystals, while boron oxide tended to inhibit it. Finally, a prediction model correlating the average crystal size, compositional variation, and heat treatment durations was discussed.
Effects of particle size on the crystallization kinetics characterization in CaO–SiO2‐based glass, Part 2: In complex crystallization processes with two or more crystal phases
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xu Renze 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBased on the Matusita–Sakka equation and the exothermic peaks in the differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves, in silicate glasses with complex crystallization processes containing the precipitation of two or more crystal phases, the effects of particle sizes on the calculations of crystal growth dimensionality and activation energy of crystal growth have been studied in depth. In crystallization processes with two or more crystal phases but one exothermic peak, 0.3 mm is considered as the boundary between the fine and the coarse particles in this type of glass. For glass samples with a particle size less than 0.3 mm, the crystal growth dimensionality is a three‐dimensional mechanism, and EG increases slightly with decreasing particle size. For glass samples with a particle size greater than 0.3 mm, the crystal growth dimensionality is a two‐dimensional mechanism, and EG increases with decreasing particle size. The EG for the fine‐particle starting material is much lower than that of the coarse‐particle starting material. In crystallization processes with two or more crystal phases and two exothermic peaks, 0.104 mm is considered as the boundary between the fine and the coarse particles in this type of glass raw material. For the first peak, in glass samples with a particle size less than 0.104 mm, the crystal growth mechanism is mainly one‐dimensional growth, and EG increases slightly with decreasing particle size. And for glass samples with particle size greater than 0.104 mm, the crystal growth mechanism is mainly two‐dimensional growth, and EG decreases with decreasing particle size. For the second peak, the crystal growth mechanism is mainly a three‐dimensional growth, and EG increases with decreasing particle size.
Fabrication of LuAG:Ce–Al2O3 eutectics via laser‐heated pedestal growth technique for high‐power laser‐driven lighting
Authors: Hao Wen , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Guo Jun , Liu Jian , Li Shuxing , Xu Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThermally robust and highly stable bulk luminescent materials are essential for advancing high‐power laser‐driven lighting. In this study, we report a yellow–green LuAG:Ce–Al2O3 eutectic, synthesized using the laser‐heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. The emission intensity of the eutectics reaches a maximum at an Al2O3 content of 20% due to the enhanced light scattering. Additionally, owing to the high thermal conductivity of Al2O3, the prepared LuAG:Ce–Al2O3 eutectic exhibits low thermal quenching, with only a 5% loss in luminescence observed at 150°C, along with a high luminance saturation threshold of approximately 15.8 W·mm−2. When irradiated under blue laser excitation at 7.9 W, the prepared LuAG:Ce–Al2O3 eutectic demonstrates a luminous flux of 1917 lm and a luminous efficacy of 242.4 lm·W−1. These results highlight that the potential of LuAG:Ce–Al2O3 eutectics as luminescent materials for high‐power laser‐driven lighting applications.
Influence of Yb3+ content on the optical and thermophysical properties of YSAG:Yb:Er solid solutions
Authors: Tarala Vitaly A. , Malyavin Fedor F. , Kravtsov Alexander A. , Brazhko Ekaterina A. , Chapura Oleg M. , Kuznetsov Sergey V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing the method of non‐reactive sintering of nanocrystalline powders, highly transparent samples of optical ceramics based on solid solutions of yttrium‐scandium aluminum garnets containing 50 at.% scandium in the dodecahedral position and doped with erbium (1 at.%) and ytterbium (0–49 at.%) cations (YSAG:Yb:Er) were produced. The influence of Yb3+ concentration on the crystal lattice parameter, density, refractive index, stability of YSAG:Yb:Er solid solutions during high‐temperature sintering, thermal conductivity, optical transmittance and absorption coefficients in the wavelength range from 200 to 1100 nm, as well as Stokes and anti‐Stokes luminescence, was determined. The revealed patterns make it possible to fine‐tune the physical and chemical characteristics of ceramics for the design of composite laser materials.