bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the reflection fraction in constraining black hole spin
Authors: Dauser T. , García J. , Parker M. L. , Fabian A. C. , Wilms J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In many active galaxies, the X-ray reflection features from the innermost regions of the accretion disc are relativistically distorted. This distortion allows us to measure parameters of the black hole such as its spin. The ratio in flux between the direct and the reflected radiation, the so-called reflection fraction, is determined directly from the geometry and location of primary source of radiation. We calculate the reflection fraction in the lamp post geometry in order to determine its maximal possible value for a given value of black hole spin. We show that high reflection fractions in excess of two are only possible for rapidly rotating black holes, suggesting that the high spin sources produce the strongest relativistic reflection features. Using simulations we show that taking this constraint into account does significantly improve the determination of the spin values. We make software routines for the most popular X-ray data analysis packages available that incorporate these additional constraints.
DISEASES: Text mining and data integration of disease–gene associations
Authors: Pletscher-Frankild Sune , Pallejà Albert , Tsafou Kalliopi , Binder Janos X. , Jensen Lars Juhl 
Published: August 2014

AbstractText mining is a flexible technology that can be applied to numerous different tasks in biology and medicine. We present a system for extracting disease–gene associations from biomedical abstracts. The system consists of a highly efficient dictionary-based tagger for named entity recognition of human genes and diseases, which we combine with a scoring scheme that takes into account co-occurrences both within and between sentences. We show that this approach is able to extract half of all manually curated associations with a false positive rate of only 0.16%. Nonetheless, text mining should not stand alone, but be combined with other types of evidence. For this reason, we have developed the DISEASES resource, which integrates the results from text mining with manually curated disease–gene associations, cancer mutation data, and genome-wide association studies from existing databases. The DISEASES resource is accessible through a user-friendly web interface athttp://diseases.jensenlab.org/, where the text-mining software and all associations are also freely available for download.
Distinct Roles for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling and CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 in Regulating the Peak Time and Amplitude of the Plant General Stress Response
Authors: Bjornson Marta , Benn Geoffrey , Song Xingshun , Comai Luca , Franz Annaliese K. , Dandekar Abhaya M. , Drakakaki Georgia , Dehesh Katayoon 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
To survive environmental challenges, plants have evolved tightly regulated response networks, including a rapid and transient general stress response (GSR), followed by well-studied stress-specific responses. The mechanisms underpinning the GSR have remained elusive, but a functional cis-element, the rapid stress response element (RSRE), is known to confer transcription of GSR genes rapidly (5 min) and transiently (peaking 90–120 min after stress) in vivo. To investigate signal transduction events in the GSR, we used a 4xRSRE:LUCIFERASE reporter in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), employing complementary approaches of forward and chemical genetic screens, and identified components regulating peak time versus amplitude of RSRE activity. Specifically, we identified a mutant in CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 (CAMTA3) with reduced RSRE activation, verifying this transcription factor’s role in activation of the RSRE-mediated GSR. Furthermore, we isolated a mutant in MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK) KINASE KINASE1 (mekk1-5), which displays increased basal and an approximately 60-min earlier peak of wound-induced RSRE activation. The double mekk1/camta3 mutant positioned CAMTA3 downstream of MEKK1 and verified their distinct roles in GSR regulation. mekk1-5 displays programmed cell death and overaccumulates reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid, hallmarks of the hypersensitive response, suggesting that the hypersensitive response may play a role in the RSRE phenotype in this mutant. In addition, chemical inhibition studies suggest that the MAPK network is required for the rapid peak of the RSRE response, distinguishing the impact of chronic (mekk1-5) from transient (chemical inhibition) loss of MAPK signaling. Collectively, these results reveal underlying regulatory components of the plant GSR and further define their distinct roles in the regulation of this key biological process.
The Role of a Potassium Transporter OsHAK5 in Potassium Acquisition and Transport from Roots to Shoots in Rice at Low Potassium Supply Levels
Authors: Yang Tianyuan , Zhang Song , Hu Yibing , Wu Fachi , Hu Qingdi , Chen Guang , Cai Jing , Wu Ting , Moran Nava , Yu Ling , Xu Guohua 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In plants, K transporter (KT)/high affinity K transporter (HAK)/K uptake permease (KUP) is the largest potassium (K) transporter family; however, few of the members have had their physiological functions characterized in planta. Here, we studied OsHAK5 of the KT/HAK/KUP family in rice (Oryza sativa). We determined its cellular and tissue localization and analyzed its functions in rice using both OsHAK5 knockout mutants and overexpression lines in three genetic backgrounds. A β-glucuronidase reporter driven by the OsHAK5 native promoter indicated OsHAK5 expression in various tissue organs from root to seed, abundantly in root epidermis and stele, the vascular tissues, and mesophyll cells. Net K influx rate in roots and K transport from roots to aerial parts were severely impaired by OsHAK5 knockout but increased by OsHAK5 overexpression in 0.1 and 0.3 mm K external solution. The contribution of OsHAK5 to K mobilization within the rice plant was confirmed further by the change of K concentration in the xylem sap and K distribution in the transgenic lines when K was removed completely from the external solution. Overexpression of OsHAK5 increased the K-sodium concentration ratio in the shoots and salt stress tolerance (shoot growth), while knockout of OsHAK5 decreased the K-sodium concentration ratio in the shoots, resulting in sensitivity to salt stress. Taken together, these results demonstrate that OsHAK5 plays a major role in K acquisition by roots faced with low external K and in K upward transport from roots to shoots in K-deficient rice plants.
Building access for people with intellectual disability, dubious past, uncertain future
Authors: Castell Lindsay 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report on the under-representation of people with intellectual disability (ID) in Australian building guidelines. It presents a view about causes of this under-representation and offers opinion about the current status and future actions required to redress the situation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Electronic databases were searched to determine the extent of research about building access by people with ID and for references to both the historical treatment of people with ID and the nature of ID itself.

Findings
– The paper suggests the recently released Disability (Access to Premises) Standards and associated building code give no specific attention to the needs of people with ID. It suggests that poor historical treatment combined with difficulties with self-advocacy may have contributed to the lack of attention given to the needs of this building user group. It also suggests the need for evidence-based research to identify and substantiate inclusion of their needs in future building regulation.

Research limitations/implications
– There may be unpublished research and/or discussion covering the topic not retrievable through literature searches.

Practical implications
– While much has been written about adjustments to provide access for people with physical and sensory disabilities, more attention needs to be paid to the needs of those with ID to avoid inequities in building design.

Originality/value
– There is limited reference to building access for people with ID in literature and legislation. This paper adds to the literature and raises awareness of the ongoing need for greater inclusion.
Examination of student housing preferences, their similarities and differences
Authors: Khozaei Fatemeh , Hassan Ahmad Sanusi , Al Kodmany Kheir , Aarab Yasser 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to identify the university student’s preferences for some important attributes of residence hall design. The study also attempts to highlight the differences and similarities in student’s preferences.Design/methodology/approach– The survey was distributed among students who were living in residence halls of a public university in Malaysia. A total of 752 students were recruited as participants. Data were collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. Students were asked to indicate their preferences rating a 4-point scale. The survey included questions concerning students’ preferences for residing in traditional and suite-style residence halls, single room and double room as well as rooms in which each student’s area is marked clearly. Collected data were analysed using PASW Statistics 17.Findings– The results indicated that, in total, students highly preferred residing in suite-style to traditional residence halls. Staying in a single room with shared bathroom was also preferred to double-sharing room. The results of study also indicated that living in a room in which each student ' s area is marked clearly is of great interest. The study proved significant differences in the students’ preferences based on their gender, nationality and study level.Practical implications– The outcome of this study can enhance the awareness of residence hall organizers and architects with regard to some of students’ priorities.Originality/value– The results give an important insight into student’s preferences towards their residence hall. The study provides statistic evidence unfavourably of traditional residence halls among the students of new generation. It also provides an insight into students ' greater needs and requirements for privacy.
Freedom and control: a state of balance in public space
Authors: Zhao Tianjiao , Siu Kin Wai Michael 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to determine how to achieve a balance between freedom and control in public space. It analyses the relationship between freedom and control to identify phenomena and offer users and policymakers instructions for achieving that balance. Public space, including privately owned public space, is important to urban living. People have both the right to use public space and the responsibility to protect it. Both freedom and control should exist in public space in an appropriate combination. It is impossible and inappropriate for us to ask for absolute freedom or endure unreasonable control.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study of Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway (MTR) reveals typical freedom/control relationships. Quantitative descriptions are given based on field observations.

Findings
– Freedom and control are primary factors affecting the quality of urban life and management of city space. They depend on and conflict with each other. The balance between freedom and control is a balance between diverse spaces. The “freedom space” belonging to both citizens and authorities determines whether freedom and control are balanced. Ethics and strategies constitute control. Only when each authority and user obtains a proper freedom space can freedom and control achieve balance in public space.

Research limitations/implications
– Freedom and control differ across cities because they are both affected by culture, history and tradition. As each city has its own characteristics, the freedom and control in each open space are distinctive. Balancing freedom and control requires an understanding of a city’s background and the era. While this paper does not attempt to achieve this understanding, further studies could devote more attention to dimensions of time and location.

Practical implications
– The findings provide recommendations for users, policymakers and construction and management companies that will allow the management of harmonious and high-quality open spaces.

Social implications
– Freedom and control are two main factors affecting quality of life. The balance between freedom and control may bring a harmony and stable society environment. It would benefit both the authority and the people a lot.

Originality/value
– This study provides a systematic analysis of freedom and control in public space and makes a valuable contribution to quality urban space policy, design and management.
Private finance initiative as a new way to manage public facilities
Authors: Wang Nannan 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to analyse the findings of the relevant studies, to summarise what has been done in this area, to direct future research and to improve private finance initiative (PFI) practice. PFI is a new form of contracting out public facilities to the private sector, where facility management was integrated with construction. There have been a large number of academic papers published on this subject; however, there is a lack of a systematic review of the PFI-related studies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The literature search focused on international peer-reviewed and published literature, with relevance to PFI. The search of literature, following the method of Tang et al. (2010) and Al-Sharif and Kaka (2004), involved the titles, keywords and abstracts, from some major electronic databases (Web of Science, Engineering Village, Science Direct (Elsevier) and Springer Link) of publications published between 1992 and 2011. The data were classified into six categories for further analysis.

Findings
– As a new way to procure public facility management, PFI projects have unique characteristics in comparison to conventional construction procurement. The review of the literature regarding PFI is important in terms of summarising the key findings and suggestions of studies for industry practitioners, as well as forecasting the future academic research trends in this area. The number of research works on PFI increased quickly in recent years; however, the review discovered there were still some issues not yet covered in the literature.

Research limitations/implications
– This review is not exhaustive in nature, as the criteria in selecting research papers only included English-written, peer-reviewed journals from some major electronic literature databases. This is the limitation of the research. Further review on a wider range of literature is recommended for researchers.

Originality/value
– Since PFI was introduced to the construction industry to fund infrastructure 20 years ago in the UK, it has gained interests from scholars. In this new form of contracting out public facilities to the private sector, facility management was integrated with construction. There have been a large number of academic papers published on this subject; however, there is a lack of a systematic review of the PFI studies.
Knowledge based governance, governance as learning: the leadership implications
Authors: Schwella Erwin 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to argue that effective and ethical governance and government can and should benefit from many influences and inputs. These influences and inputs, in the form of evidence, information, knowledge and informed public participation contribute to the quality and legitimacy of government analysis and action.Design/methodology/approach– The approach in this viewpoint is to use persuasive communication in an advocacy and illustrative way to introduce learning governance as an approach to governance.Findings– The viewpoint states the case for the usefulness and relevance of evidence and ideas based learning governance linked to learning leadership in governance for effective and ethical leadership in governance.Originality/value– The value of the viewpoint is to stimulate and elicit discussion and debate on learning governance and leadership as approach to governance leadership.
Information systems an alternative to modernization to achieve in the control of management of municipal public services
Authors: Patiño Israel 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– Information systems (IS) in the public environment largely depend on a needs analysis for their successful integration. This is more likely lead to an improvement in the management control of municipal public services (MPSs) with the help of scientific and technological methodologies, based on both qualitative and quantitative methods. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data were obtained through field research techniques such as interviews and observation and applying this in each of the municipalities, and complemented by 196 citizen surveys.

Findings
– An outcome of this research is the implementation of a specific IS to improve administrative and operational processes based on data collected in six municipalities. This implies not only technological but also cultural evolution, since the incorporation of the IS impacts both municipal authorities and society as a whole.

Originality/value
– This research is based on the need to develop IS to improve management control of MPSs and thus meet the needs of population, and in turn, support the municipal authorities.
Implementation of quality management system based on ISO9001:2008 and its effects on customer satisfaction case study
Authors: Nabavi Vahid , Azizi Majid , Faezipour Mehdi 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effect of the ISO 9001 quality management system on customer satisfaction and show an application of an analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based method for measuring the customer satisfaction index (CSI). This will be useful to anyone who wants to have an ISO 9001 quality management system in his or her organization.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper describes an ISO 9001 quality management implementation process based on ISO 9001 requirements, and uses the AHP method for weighting effective criteria on customer satisfaction. All data were obtained via questionnaires and assessed with EXPERT CHOICE 11 software.

Findings
– According to the results of the weighting, the factors influencing the satisfaction of a kitchen worktops customer, price and sales terms of this product has a significant impact on customer satisfaction and, in competitive conditions, this criterion has a determining role in the creation of utility for customers. ISO 9001 quality management system has been able to increase the CSI within an 11-month period of study.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to use the AHP method with a new approach in a case study, offering a complete, comprehensive method for assessing customer implications.
Implementing total quality management (TQM) in the Palestinian construction industry
Authors: Maher Altayeb Mustafa , Bashir Alhasanat Mahmoud 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The construction industry has been one of the most important industries for the development of the Palestinian infrastructure and economy. Total quality management (TQM) is considered one of the most important approaches to the success of construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to determine the success factors necessary for the implementation of TQM at various phases of project planning, design and construction in the Gaza Strip.

Design/methodology/approach
– A computer model was developed to assess the current strengths and weaknesses of each component of the construction industry, such as owner, consultant and contractor, regarding their use of quality management methodologies.

Findings
– The research determined a total of eight major factors and 81 sub-factors. It was identified that seven critical success factors with 38 significant sub-factors were required for the successful implementation of TQM in Gaza Strip construction organizations.

Originality/value
– An original assessment of the importance of TQM in the construction industry in Palestine. The computer model shows the strengths and weaknesses of stakeholders within the industry.
Determination of Bayesian reliability sampling plans based on exponential-inverted gamma distribution
Authors: Appaia Loganathan , Muthu Krishnan Padmanaban , Kalaiselvi Sankaran 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is the determination of reliability sampling plans in the Bayesian approach assuming that the lifetime distribution is exponential.Design/methodology/approach– Sampling plans are used in manufacturing companies as a tool for carrying out sampling inspections, in order to make decisions about the disposition of many finished products. If the quality characteristic is considered as the lifetime of the products, the plan is known as a reliability sampling plan. In life testing, censoring schemes are adopted in order to save time and cost of life test. The inverted gamma distribution is employed as the natural conjugate prior to the average lifetime of the products. The sampling plans are developed assuming various probability distributions to the lifetime of the products.Findings– The optimum plansnandcare obtained for some sets of values of (p1,a,p2,ß). The selection of sampling plans is illustrated through numerical examples.Originality/value– Results obtained in this paper are original and the study has been done for the first time in this regard. Reliability sampling plans are essential for making decisions either to accept or reject based on the inspection of the sample.
Critical thinking, information literacy and quality enhancement plans
Authors: E. Bryan Jacalyn 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the relationship between information literacy and critical thinking. Specifically, the connection between the elements of critical thinking as expressed in one university’s Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) and the advancing learning transforming scholarship (ACRL) Information Literacy Competency Standards (ACRL IL Standards). Concrete examples of how librarians support information literacy and critical thinking were examined.

Design/methodology/approach
– Following a literature review, the ACRL IL Standards were mapped to the elements of a university’s QEP (critical thinking + core values = decision-making). A wiki was then created to illicit specific examples from librarians regarding how they incorporate the elements of critical thinking in their reference/instruction work.

Findings
– Considerable correspondence was found between the ACRL IL Standards and the elements of critical thinking in the QEP, but this varied with the specific standard and the specific QEP component. Wiki results revealed that librarians used many concrete activities that supported QEP critical-thinking elements.

Research limitations/implications
– In this study, mapping the ACRL IL Standards to QEP components was subjective, performed by only one individual. Future research, perhaps involving the forthcoming ACRL IL Standards, might be better carried out by a larger group, thereby enhancing objectivity.

Originality/value
– The literature review showed a lack of specificity in how critical thinking is defined and integrated into library reference/instruction work. The present study compared eight specific elements of critical thinking to the ACRL IL Standards and found 108 concrete examples of their application.