bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant overexpression of FOXM1 transcription factor plays a critical role in lung carcinogenesis induced by low doses of arsenic
Authors: Liu Youhong , Hock Janet M. , Van Beneden Rebecca J. , Li Xiong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEnvironmental or occupational exposure to low doses of arsenic induces a series of health problems including cancer. The molecular events in arsenic‐induced carcinogenicity remain to be defined. In the NuLi‐1 immortalized human lung epithelial cell line with p53 and pRb deficiency, exposure to low doses of arsenic trioxide for 72 h promoted cell proliferation and upregulated the gene transcription levels of FOXM1, CDC6, CDC25A, and cyclin D1, which are both critical cell cycle regulatory genes and proto‐oncogenes. Continuous in vitro exposure to 1 µM arsenic trioxide for 34 wks induced malignant cell transformation, as evidenced by enhanced anchorage‐independent cell growth. The expression of FOXM1, CDC6, CDC25A, and Cyclin D1 was dynamically elevated at the gene transcription and protein levels in the process of cell transformation. The carcinogenic ability of transformed cell colonies coincides with the expression levels of FOXM1 in in vitro anchorage‐independent growth assays and in vivo tumor xenograft formation assays. In reverse, the knockdown of FOXM1 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells or arsenic‐transformed NuLi‐1 cells significantly decreased anchorage‐independent cell growth and tumor xenograft formation. The transformed NuLi‐1 cells showed genomic instability in the form of copy number variation (CNV) at chromosome 1, 5, 6, 18, and 20, but not loss of heterozygosity (LOH). These results showed for the first time that chronic exposure to low doses of arsenic trioxide promoted lung carcinogenicity, in part by aberrantly upregulating FOXM1 and its associated oncogenes, when the tumor suppressor genes p53 and pRb were inactivated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free fasciocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of complete circumferential degloving injury of digits
Authors: Lin Chin‐Ta , Chen Shyi‐Gen , Chen Tim‐Mo , Dai Niann‐Tzyy , Chang Shun‐Cheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractComplete circumferential degloving injury of the digits usually results in a large cutaneous defect with tendinous structure and bone and joint exposure. When revascularization is not possible, a thin and adequately sized flap is required to resurface the defect, restore finger function, and prevent amputation. In this report, we present our experience with reconstruction of the entire circumferential degloving injury of the digits using free fasciocutaneous flaps. Between February 2006 and January 2011, 9 male patients with circumferential degloving injury of 9 digits underwent reconstruction using free fasciocutaneous flap transfer with the posterior interosseous artery flap, medial sural artery flap, anteromedial thigh flap, or radial forearm flap. The average flap size was 14.2 × 6.9 cm. Donor sites were closed primarily or covered with split‐thickness skin graft. All flaps survived completely and the donor sites healed without complications. The mean follow‐up period was 34.8 months. A maximum Kapandji score (10/10) was seen in 2 cases with crushed thumbs. All patients could achieve good key pinch and grasping functions. All skin flaps showed acceptable static 2‐point discrimination and adequate protective sensation. Patient satisfaction for resurfaced digits averaged 9 on a 10‐points visual analogic scale. In conclusion, the free fasciocutaneous flaps used were thin and did not interfere with finger movements. The patient's finger formed a smooth contour and acceptable functional results were obtained after reconstruction. This method may be a valuable alternative for reconstruction of entire circumferential avulsion injury of the digits. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Transparent boundary conditions based on the pole condition for time‐dependent, two‐dimensional problems
Authors: Ruprecht Daniel , Schädle Achim , Schmidt Frank 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe pole condition approach for deriving transparent boundary conditions is extended to the time‐dependent, two‐dimensional case. Nonphysical modes of the solution are identified by the position of poles of the solution's spatial Laplace transform in the complex plane. By requiring the Laplace transform to be analytic on some problem‐dependent complex half‐plane, these modes can be suppressed. The resulting algorithm computes a finite number of coefficients of a series expansion of the Laplace transform, thereby providing an approximation to the exact boundary condition. The resulting error decays super‐algebraically with the number of coefficients, so relatively few additional degrees of freedom are sufficient to reduce the error to the level of the discretization error in the interior of the computational domain. The approach shows good results for the Schrödinger and the drift‐diffusion equation but, in contrast to the one‐dimensional case, exhibits instabilities for the wave and Klein–Gordon equation. Numerical examples are shown that demonstrate the good performance in the former and the instabilities in the latter case. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Compact difference schemes for heat equation with Neumann boundary conditions (II)
Authors: Gao Guang‐Hua , Sun Zhi‐Zhong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis is the further work on compact finite difference schemes for heat equation with Neumann boundary conditions subsequent to the paper, [Sun, Numer Methods Partial Differential Equations (NMPDE) 25 (2009), 1320–1341]. A different compact difference scheme for the one‐dimensional linear heat equation is developed. Truncation errors of the proposed scheme are O(τ2 + h4) for interior mesh point approximation and O(τ2 + h3) for the boundary condition approximation with the uniform partition. The new obtained scheme is similar to the one given by Liao et al. (NMPDE 22 (2006), 600–616), while the major difference lies in no extension of source terms to outside the computational domain any longer. Compared with ones obtained by Zhao et al. (NMPDE 23 (2007), 949–959) and Dai (NMPDE 27 (2011), 436–446), numerical solutions at all mesh points including two boundary points are computed in our new scheme. The significant advantage of this work is to provide a rigorous analysis of convergence order for the obtained compact difference scheme using discrete energy method. The global accuracy is O(τ2 + h4) in discrete maximum norm, although the spatial approximation order at the Neumann boundary is one lower than that for interior mesh points. The analytical techniques are important and can be successfully used to solve the open problem presented by Sun (NMPDE 25 (2009), 1320–1341), where analyzed theoretical convergence order of the scheme by Liao et al. (NMPDE 22 (2006), 600–616) is only O(τ2 + h3.5) while the numerical accuracy is O(τ2 + h4), and convergence order of theoretical analysis for the scheme by Zhao et al. (NMPDE 23 (2007), 949–959) is O(τ2 + h2.5), while the actual numerical accuracy is O(τ2 + h3). Following the procedure used for the new obtained difference scheme in this work, convergence orders of these two schemes can be proved rigorously to be O(τ2 + h4) and O(τ2 + h3), respectively. Meanwhile, extension to the case involving the nonlinear reaction term is also discussed, and the global convergence order O(τ2 + h4) is proved. A compact ADI difference scheme for solving two‐dimensional case is derived. Finally, several examples are given to demonstrate the numerical accuracy of new obtained compact difference schemes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
The management of children with Kaposi sarcoma in resource limited settings
Authors: Molyneux Elizabeth , Davidson Alan , Orem Jackson , Hesseling Peter , Balagadde‐Kambugu Joyce , Githanga Jessie , Israels Trijn 
Published: December 2012

AbstractKaposi sarcoma (KS) is common where HIV infection is endemic. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the incidence in well‐resourced settings but in some parts of the world access to ART is delayed. These recommendations are for use where only minimal requirements for treatment are available. Consensus was sought for the management of childhood HIV‐associated KS in this setting. There are no randomised controlled studies of chemotherapy for KS in children and these recommendations have drawn on consensus of a group of experts and published reports from studies in adults. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 538–542. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exercise capacity in long‐term survivors of pediatric cancer: An analysis from the cardiac risk factors in childhood cancer survivors study
Authors: Miller Angela M. , Lopez‐Mitnik Gabriela , Somarriba Gabriel , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Hinkle Andrea S. , Constine Louis S. , Lipshultz Steven E. , Miller Tracie L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors may have premature symptomatic cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular diseases that contribute to reduced capacity for physical activity. Studies of exercise capacity and identification of risk factors for reduced capacity in survivors are limited.ProcedureWe assessed maximal myocardial oxygen consumption (${\rm V}_{{\rm O}_{2} \,{\rm max}} $, a measure of exercise capacity) in survivors at least 4 years after cancer diagnosis and sibling controls. We evaluated associations between ${\rm V}_{{\rm O}_{2} \,{\rm max}} $ and age, sex, treatments, cardiac structure and function, biomarkers, endocrine function, and physical activity.ResultsOf 72 survivors (mean age, 22 years; range, 8.0–40 years) and 32 siblings (mean age, 20.2 years; range, 8–46 years), about half were male. Mean time since diagnosis was 13.4 years (range, 4.5–31.6 years). In age‐ and sibling‐pair adjusted analyses, ${\rm V}_{{\rm O}_{2} \,{\rm max}} $ was lower in survivors than siblings (males, 28.53 vs. 30.90 ml/kg/minute, P = 0.08; females, 19.81 vs. 23.40 ml/kg/minute, P = 0.03). In males, older age (P = 0.01), higher percent body fat (P < 0.001) and high or low left ventricular (LV) mass Z‐scores (P = 0.03) predicted lower ${\rm V}_{{\rm O}_{2} \,{\rm max}} $. In females, older age (P < 0.001), methotrexate exposure (P = 0.01), and higher, but normal, LV load‐dependent contractility (P = 0.02) predicted lower ${\rm V}_{{\rm O}_{2} \,{\rm max}} $.ConclusionsFitness for most survivors and controls was poor and generally lower in survivors, particularly females. Older age, higher body fat, methotrexate exposure, and extremes of LV mass/function were associated with lower ${\rm V}_{{\rm O}_{2} \,{\rm max}} $ in survivors. Because physical activity can improve nutritional and cardiac conditions, survivors should be encouraged to exercise regularly with close monitoring. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 663–668. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of c‐FLIP in pulmonary metastases in osteosarcoma patients and human xenografts
Authors: Rao‐Bindal Krithi , Rao Chethan K. , Yu Ling , Kleinerman Eugenie S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjective(s)We have previously shown that Fas expression inversely correlates with the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma (OS) to the lung. FasL is constitutively expressed in the lung microenvironment and eliminates Fas+ OS cells leaving Fas− cells to form metastases. Absence of FasL in the lung epithelium or blocking the Fas‐signaling pathway interfered with this clearance mechanism allowing Fas+ cells to remain and form lung metastases. We also demonstrated that while the majority of patient OS lung metastases were Fas−, 10–20% of the lesions contained Fas+ cells, suggesting that these cells were not sensitive to FasL‐induced apoptosis. The expression of c‐FLIP, an inhibitor of the Fas pathway, has been associated with tumor development, progression, and resistance to chemotherapy. We therefore evaluated the expression of c‐FLIP in OS patient tumor specimens and human xenograft lung metastases.MethodsOS patient tissues, which included both primary and metastatic lesions, were evaluated for the expression of c‐FLIP. In addition, tumors from human OS xenografts were examined for c‐FLIP expression.Resultsc‐FLIP expression was significantly higher in the lung metastases than in the primary tumors.Conclusion(s)c‐FLIP may play an important role in the metastatic potential of OS to the lung. Inhibition of c‐FLIP may be a future therapeutic target. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 575–579. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Renal tumors
Authors: Dome Jeffrey S. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Kalapurakal John A. , Geller James I. , Huff Vicki , Gratias Eric J. , Dix David B. , Ehrlich Peter F. , Khanna Geetika , Malogolowkin Marcio H. , Anderson James R. , Naranjo Arlene , Perlman Elizabeth J. ,   on behalf of the COG Renal Tumors Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractRenal malignancies are among the most prevalent pediatric cancers. The most common is favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT), which has 5‐year overall survival exceeding 90%. Other pediatric renal malignancies, including anaplastic Wilms tumor, clear cell sarcoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, and renal cell carcinoma, have less favorable outcomes. Recent clinical trials have identified gain of chromosome 1q as a prognostic marker for FHWT. Upcoming studies will evaluate therapy adjustments based on this and other novel biomarkers. For high‐risk renal tumors, new treatment regimens will incorporate biological therapies. A research blueprint, viewed from the perspective of the Children's Oncology Group, is presented. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 994–1000. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hunger Stephen P. , Loh Mignon L. , Whitlock James A. , Winick Naomi J. , Carroll William L. , Devidas Meenakshi , Raetz Elizabeth A. ,   on behalf of the COG Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractApproximately 90% of the 2,000 children, adolescents, and young adults enrolled each year in Children's Oncology Group acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) trials will be cured. However, high‐risk subsets with significantly inferior survival remain, including infants, newly diagnosed patients with age ≥10 years, white blood count ≥50,000/µl, poor early response or T‐cell ALL, and relapsed ALL patients. Effective strategies to improve survival include better risk stratification, optimizing standard chemotherapy and combining targeted therapies with cytotoxic chemotherapy, the latter of which is dependent upon identification of key driver mutations present in ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 957–963. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Survivorship and outcomes
Authors: Armenian Saro H. , Landier Wendy , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Bhatia Smita ,   on behalf of the COG Survivorship and Outcomes Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractImprovements in the treatment of childhood cancer have resulted in over 360,000 survivors of childhood cancer in the U.S. There is now a heightened recognition of the need to reduce treatment‐related sequelae and optimize the quality of life of children treated for cancer. Survivorship studies conducted in the cooperative group setting have provided us with important information on long‐term intellectual function, organ toxicity, reproductive outcomes, second cancers, late mortality, and disparities in outcomes. Ongoing health education initiatives have helped standardize the follow‐up care for childhood cancer survivors and facilitate the early transfer of health‐related information to patients, families, and healthcare providers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1063–1068. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma in an adolescent with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Heath John A. , Ng Jessica , Beshay Victoria , Coleman Lee , Lo Patrick , Amor David J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLynch syndrome (hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer; HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome with high penetrance. It is caused by heterozygous germline mutations in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. Carriers are at high‐risk for developing colorectal carcinomas, as well as various extracolonic malignancies. This case report describes a 15 year‐old male with a confirmed germline mutation of MSH2 and early onset anaplastic oligodendroglioma. The patient's tumor showed loss of expression of MSH2 and MSH6 proteins with normal microsatellite stability. The immunohistochemical staining pattern provided strong evidence to support the inclusion of anaplastic oligodendroglioma as part of the spectrum of tumors found in Lynch syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: E13–E15. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Adolescent and young adult oncology
Authors: Freyer David R. , Felgenhauer Judy , Perentesis John ,   on behalf of the COG Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Discipline Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe discipline of Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Oncology addresses compelling medical and psychosocial needs of AYA patients across the spectrum of cancer survivorship. To be successful, extraordinary collaboration involving multiple scientific disciplines and specialties is required. While AYA Oncology is international in scope, recent AYA‐focused studies conducted in the Children's Oncology Group (COG) have documented survival disparities, toxicity differences, and biological insights that provide the basis for new COG trials and initiatives for this population. This experience will be useful in leveraging the new United States National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Network to transform AYA Oncology research. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1055–1058. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Epidemiology
Authors: Spector Logan G. , Ross Julie A. , Olshan Andrew F. ,   on behalf of the COG Epidemiology Committee
Published: December 2012

AbstractInvestigators worldwide have for over 40 years conducted case–control studies aimed at determining the causes of childhood cancer. The central challenge to conducting such research is the rarity of childhood cancer, thus many studies aggregate cases through clinical trials organizations such as COG. Rarity also precludes the use of prospective study designs, which are less prone to recall and selection biases. Despite these challenges a substantial literature on childhood cancer etiology has emerged but few strong environmental risk factors have been identified. Genetic studies are thus now coming to the fore with some success. The ultimate aim of epidemiologic studies is to reduce the population burden of childhood cancer by suggesting preventive measures or possibly by enabling early detection. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 1059–1062. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficiency of high energy electrons to produce polypropylene/natural rubber‐based thermoplastic elastomer
Authors: Mondal Manas , Gohs Uwe , Wagenknecht Udo , Heinrich Gert 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHigh energy electrons have been used to induce chemical crosslinking in 50/50 blend of polypropylene and natural rubber. The blend morphology was generated during melt mixing and not changed by high energy electron treatment in the solid state at room temperature. The variation of absorbed dose (150–350 kGy) at fixed electron energy (1.5 MeV) brings a dramatic change in the properties of the polymer blend. In addition, the effect of a polyfunctional monomer (PFM) and the absorbed dose on the tensile properties of the polymer blend was investigated. The presence of a PFM led to blends having an elongation at break of about 350% and a tensile strength of nearly 14 MPa after the treatment with a comparatively low dose of 150 kGy. The morphology of the blends was found to be co‐continuous. A plausible mechanistic pathway for the phenomenon leading to enhancement of property has been suggested for better understanding of structure–property‐relationship. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers.
A facile method for the preparation of thermally remendable cross‐linked polyphosphazenes
Authors: Cheng Xinjian , Peng Cheng , Zhang Daohong , Liu Shuzheng , Zhang Aiqing , Huang Hui , Lian Jiansheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNovel cross‐linked polyphosphazenes with remendable capacity have been synthesized through the Diels‐Alder reactions. Their structure and properties were characterized by NMR, FT‐IR, GPC, DSC, TGA SEM, and polarizing microscope. The process of Diels‐Alder reaction (D‐A reaction) and retro‐Diels‐Alder reaction (retro‐D‐A reaction) have been investigated by FT‐IR, UV, and DSC. The cross‐linked polyphosphazenes exhibited remendable capability only need a thermal treatment when they were cut by blade, any other treatments such as additional monomer or catalyst, surface treatment or pressure were not needed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
High‐performance holographic polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals by incorporating hyperbranched polymers
Authors: Park Ji Hye , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA minute amount (0.01–0.3 wt %) of ally isocyanate functionalized hyperbranched 2,2‐bis (hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (bis‐MPA) polyester‐16‐hydroxyl (HBP) was incorporated covalently into polyurethane acrylate‐based holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs), and its effects on the compound viscosity, grating kinetics, morphology, diffraction efficiency (DE), and electro‐optical properties of the HPDLC films were examined. HBP at low concentrations (0.01–0.05%) reduced the compound viscosity and domain size of liquid crystal (LC) significantly and augmented the cure rate and saturation DE by up to threefold compared to the HBP‐free compound. At high concentrations (0.10 and 0.30%), HBP increased the compound viscosity and decreased the rate of grating formation, giving rise to distorted LC‐polymer interfaces, which caused a significant decrease in the threshold and operating voltages. The rise and decay time showed a minimum and maximum, respectively, when the compound viscosity was a minimum at 0.03% HBP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Chiral oxazoline substituted optically active poly(m‐phenylene)s: Synthesis and coupling polymerizations of (S)‐4‐benzyl‐2‐(3,5‐dihalidephenyl) oxazoline using transition metal catalysts
Authors: Rattanatraicharoen Poompat , Tanaka Yoko , Shintaku Keiko , Kawaguchi Takuro , Yamabuki Kazuhiro , Oishi Tsutomu , Onimura Kenjiro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOptically active poly(m‐phenylene)s substituted with chiral oxazoline derivatives have been synthesized by the nickel‐catalyzed Yamamoto coupling reaction of optically active (S)‐4‐benzyl‐2‐(3,5‐dihalidephenyl)oxazoline derivatives (X = Br or I). The structures and chiroptical properties of the polymers were characterized by spectroscopic methods and thermal gravimetric analyses. The polymers showed higher absolute optical specific rotation values than their corresponding monomer, and showed a Cotton effect at transition region of conjugated main chain. The optical activities of the polymers should be attributed to the higher order structure such as helical conformations. Moreover, the helical conformation could be induced by addition of metal salts into polymer solutions. The polymers showed good thermal stabilities, which was attributable to the oxazoline side chains. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013