bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translational Imaging in Cerebral Tumors
Authors: Surov Alexey , Borggrefe Jan 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Despite emerging possibilities of molecular histopathologic characterization, multiparametric MRI plays a key role in the diagnosis and classification of cerebral tumors. Imaging may also provide additional information about relevant histopathologic features of these tumors.
See related article by Gao et al., p. 4876
Oxysterol Sensing Through GPR183 Triggers Endothelial Senescence in Hypertension
Authors: Chu Qingqing , Li Yujia , Wu Jichao , Gao Yanjiao , Guo Xiangyun , Li Jing , Lv Hang , Liu Min , Tang Wei , Zhan Peng , Zhang Tao , Hu Huili , Liu Hong , Sun Jinpeng , Wang Xiaojie , Yi Fan 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Despite endothelial dysfunction being an initial step in the development of hypertension and associated cardiovascular/renal injuries, effective therapeutic strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction are still lacking. GPR183 (G protein-coupled receptor 183), a recently identified G protein-coupled receptor for oxysterols and hydroxylated metabolites of cholesterol, has pleiotropic roles in lipid metabolism and immune responses. However, the role of GPR183 in the regulation of endothelial function remains unknown.

METHODS:
Endothelial-specific GPR183 knockout mice were generated and used to examine the role of GPR183 in endothelial senescence by establishing 2 independent hypertension models: desoxycorticosterone acetate/salt-induced and Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced hypertensive mice. Echocardiography, transmission electron microscopy, blood pressure measurement, vasorelaxation response experiments, flow cytometry analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis were performed in this study.

RESULTS:
Endothelial GPR183 was significantly induced in hypertensive mice, which was further confirmed in renal biopsies from subjects with hypertensive nephropathy. Endothelial-specific deficiency of GPR183 markedly alleviated cardiovascular and renal injuries in hypertensive mice. Moreover, we found that GPR183 regulated endothelial senescence in both hypertensive mice and aged mice. Mechanistically, GPR183 disrupted circadian signaling by inhibiting PER1 (period circadian regulator 1) expression, thereby facilitating endothelial senescence and dysfunction through the cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)/PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein) signaling pathway. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of the oxysterol-GPR183 axis by NIBR189 or clotrimazole ameliorated endothelial senescence and cardiovascular/renal injuries in hypertensive mice.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study discovers a previously unrecognized role of GPR183 in promoting endothelial senescence. Pharmacological targeting of GPR183 may be an innovative therapeutic strategy for hypertension and its associated complications.
Trainable Reference Spikes Improve Temporal Information Processing of SNNs With Supervised Learning
Authors: Wang Zeyuan , Cruz Luis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are the next-generation neural networks composed of biologically plausible neurons that communicate through trains of spikes. By modifying the plastic parameters of SNNs, including weights and time delays, SNNs can be trained to perform various AI tasks, although in general not at the same level of performance as typical artificial neural networks (ANNs). One possible solution to improve the performance of SNNs is to consider plastic parameters other than just weights and time delays drawn from the inherent complexity of the neural system of the brain, which may help SNNs improve their information processing ability and achieve brainlike functions. Here, we propose reference spikes as a new type of plastic parameters in a supervised learning scheme in SNNs. A neuron receives reference spikes through synapses providing reference information independent of input to help during learning, whose number of spikes and timings are trainable by error backpropagation. Theoretically, reference spikes improve the temporal information processing of SNNs by modulating the integration of incoming spikes at a detailed level. Through comparative computational experiments, we demonstrate using supervised learning that reference spikes improve the memory capacity of SNNs to map input spike patterns to target output spike patterns and increase classification accuracy on the MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and SHD data sets, where both input and target output are temporally encoded. Our results demonstrate that applying reference spikes improves the performance of SNNs by enhancing their temporal information processing ability.
Sentiments Organize Affect Concepts in Yasawa, Fiji: a Cultural Domain Analysis
Authors: Gervais Matthew M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For decades, intensive research on emotion has advanced general theories of culture and cognition. Yet few theories can comfortably accommodate both the regularities and variation empirically manifest in affective phenomena around the world. One recent theoretical model (Gervais & Fessler, 2017) aims to do so. The Attitude-Scenario-Emotion (ASE) model of sentiments specifies an evolved psychological architecture that potentiates regular variation in affective experience and behavior in lived interaction with social, ecological and normative contexts. This model holds that sentiments – functional networks of bookkeeping attitudes and commitment emotions – produce context-dependent universals in salient social-relational experiences, predictably patterning affect concepts. The present research aims to empirically evaluate implications of the ASE model of sentiments using quantitative data from 10 months of fieldwork in Indigenous iTaukei villages on Yasawa Island, Fiji. Study 1 is a series of structured interviews that aim to elicit the full breadth of the Yasawan affect lexicon. In freelists and sentence frames, Yasawans use distinct sets of terms to refer to “feelings about” particular people (attitudes), and “feelings because of” particular events (emotions). Study 2 uses a pile sort task to show that the salient features of Yasawan affective experience are social-relational dimensions of communion and power, while both HCA and MDS reveal distinct social attitudes – “love” (lomani) and “like’ (taleitaki), “respect” (dokai), “contempt” (beci), “hate” (sevaki), and “fear” (rerevaki) – anchoring the conceptual organization of Yasawan emotions. Study 3 uses hypothetical vignettes with a between-subjects attitude manipulation and Likert-style emotion ratings to show that these attitudes differentially moderate emotions across social scenarios; differences are both quantitative and qualitative; each attitude is emotionally pluripotent; and divergent attitudes (e.g., “love” and “hate”) produce the same emotions in starkly different situations – a predicted three-way interaction of attitude x scenario x emotion. These data are broadly consistent with ASE hypotheses; population variation in affective worlds may follow from differential engagement of universal attitude-emotion networks (sentiments) experienced across social, ecological and normative contexts.
The Role of Spoken Language on Performance of Cognitive Tests: the Indonesian Experience
Authors: Immanuel Aria Saloka , Pesau Heni Gerda , Wulanyani Ni Made Swasti , Sulastri Augustina , van Luijtelaar Gilles 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is a multicultural country with hundreds of local languages used by Indonesians with Bahasa Indonesia as a national language and used by the mass media, in formal conversation, at all levels of education, and in written language. This study aimed to investigate whether speaking Bahasa Indonesia in public and at home or not, and whether speaking only Bahasa or besides Bahasa (another language) affects the performance of seven cognitive tests when the assessment was done in Bahasa Indonesia. In case large effects will be obtained, this may demand different norm referenced scores. Data of 840 subjects, in age ranging from 16–80 with various levels of education from six regions were included. The results showed that there was a small disadvantage in the Digit Span for people who do not speak Bahasa Indonesia in public and a small advantage of speaking besides Bahasa (another language) in public on Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test and on time to complete the Figure Reproduction tests. Other tests, such as the TMT, Stroop, 5PT, and Bourdon were without any effect. It can be concluded that corrections for the normative data, as is commonly done for education, age and sometimes sex, for people who do not speak Bahasa daily and for speaking besides Bahasa (another language) considering that the differences were only small, is not indicated.
Metacognitive Skills in Learning and Pedagogy: a Systematic Review and Analysis
Authors: Pandey Kashish , Mohan Ashwani 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Educational frameworks aim to empower students to become self-regulated and empowered learners. They also contribute to a robust learning community through the amalgamation of metacognitive strategies in their educational system. To shed the light on the same, we conducted a systematic review of research published between 2010 and 2022 in Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. The review focused on two key areas: a) the application of metacognition in teaching and learning, and b) the relationship between metacognitive strategies and pedagogical approaches. Our findings highlight metacognition’s promising role in developing self-awareness, critical thinking, and cognitive facilitation within the learning environment. Additionally, the review emphasizes self-regulated learning and cognitive instruction strategies as key pathways to metacognitive regulation. We conclude by advocating for the integration of metacognitive skills development within educational systems to promote holistic learner development.
An Evolutionary Model of Early Theology When Moral and Religious Capacities Converge
Authors: Rappaport Margaret Boone , Corbally Christopher J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This analysis summarizes conclusions on an evolutionary model for the origin of moral and religious capacities in the genus Homo. The authors’ published model (2020, Routledge) is now extended to the emergence of nascent theological thinking, augmenting the previous line of theory based on genomics, cognitive science, neuroscience, paleoneurology, cognitive archaeology, ethnography, and modern social science. This analysis concludes that findings support the earliest theological thinking in Homo sapiens, but not in an earlier species, Homo erectus, and clarifies why and when it likely began. Types of anatomy, behavior, neurology, and cognition are presented that support tendencies to frame a structure of religious principles and a set of supernatural figures that early humans would consider right, just, exemplary, and even sacred. Stages of emergent physical, behavioral, and cognitive features are presented in tables. While based on published research results in the sciences, the model is presented here with anticipation of future testing.
Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: Groupism and Cognition
Authors: Jakoubek Marek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The text focuses on a revision of the narrative about and status of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries (1969), touted as a ground-breaking publication which heralded a historic turning point in the study of ethnicity. In the first part, the author demonstrates that the understanding of ethnic groups, as presented in this work, was in no way original in its time; rather, it exemplified an already well-established and generally accepted theoretical model. In the second part, the author provides an alternative explanation for the fame and success of this text. He reveals that the central concept of the book – the bounded (ethnic) group – resonates very well with the mental module of “groupism” – part of the human cognitive apparatus. The generally favourable reception of Ethnic Groups and Boundaries is therefore not rooted in its novelty but rather in that it explicitly formulated a fundamental component of the human cognitive apparatus.
Perpetuation of Gender Inequalities in Households: from Culture to Cognition
Authors: Deb Angarika , Kusimova Tamara , Hominis Ohan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Though labor-force participation of women has considerably increased in industrialized societies and many households are now dual-earner, the gender imbalance in household division of labor persists. Moreover, the consensus amongst men and women is that such distributions are fair, resulting in normalization and further perpetuation of inequalities. We provide a multidisciplinary explanation, focusing on the economic, cultural and cognitive processes underlying the perpetuation of inequalities within households. The article begins with a broad, economic approach that details the role of outside options and how they impact available decisions across different subsistence communities. We then discuss the role of cultural narratives and norms in shaping internalized structures of inequality. Finally, we unify these perspectives by focusing on the cognitive mechanisms that underpin self-perception and motivated assessments of fairness within households. We end with a brief discussion on the policy significance and avenues of future work.
Increase of coastal shark bite frequency linked to the COVID-19 lockdown reveals a territoriality-dominance behaviour toward humans
Authors: Clua Eric E.G. , Meyer Carl G. , Séguigne Clémentine , Wirsing Aaron J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on wildlife aggression toward humans have received little attention. Records from French Polynesia show that the annual average of about five shark bites on humans from 2009 to 2019 increased significantly to 15 in 2020, despite the virtual absence of humans from the marine environment during a six-week curfew in April–May 2020. Bites then returned to baseline levels in 2021 (), 2022 (), and 2023 (). Most bites in 2020 occurred just after the lockdown and were attributed to gray reef sharks, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, displaying territoriality rather than self-defense or predatory behaviours. This temporary increase in shark bites suggests that natural territorial behavior, typically suppressed by continued human presence, reemerged during the Anthropause, providing new insights into shark risks for ocean users and the management of human–predator interactions.
Targum Chronicles
Authors: Efrati Shlomi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article I describe two manuscripts of Targum Chronicles that, for different reasons, were not used in editions and studies of this rare Targum. First, manuscript Berlin, SB Or. fol. 4, Bible with a complete set of Targums. I analyse its textual character and point out its resemblance to manuscript Berlin, SB Or. fol. 1210–1211 (a.k.a. Erfurt 1). And second, manuscript Dresden, SLUB, A.46. Thought to have been lost during the Second World War, the manuscript is in fact partly legible and supplies an important additional witness for the last chapters, at least, of Targum Chronicles. Based on this newly available data I demonstrate the complexity of the textual traditions of Targum Chronicles and the need for a re-evaluation of its transmission and reception.
In Search for Yaʿqobʾel in Edom in New Kingdom Topographical Lists
Authors: Kahn Dan’el 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article I examine the presence of the toponym Yaʿqobʾel within its geographical context in the topographical lists of Thutmose III, Ramesses II, and Ramesses III. Historically, Yaʿqobʾel and the toponyms clustered with it are located by scholars in Syria. However, it is possible that Yaʿqobʾel within Thutmose III’s list is found to the south of Moab. The topographical lists of Ramesses II and Ramesses III mention place names that might be linked to Yaʿqobʾel, and should be located in southern Transjordan, where the Edomite deity Qaus was worshiped.
Active Non-alignment and Global Governance
Authors: Heine Jorge 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean—but also, more broadly, across the Global South—are being subjected to pressures from Washington and Beijing to take sides in what is emerging as a Second Cold War. How should countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America react to this ? The purpose of this essay is to outline one response that has arisen to it in Latin America; namely, Active Non-Alignment (ANA). The essay first examines the concept of ANA. Then, it deals with the reaction elicited across the Global South to the war in Ukraine, in what many have referred to as a “new non-alignment”. Finally, the essay examines the case of India, seen by many as a leader of the Global South, and Africa. ANA provides a useful guide to action for the foreign policy of postcolonial states to navigate the stormy waters of a world order in transition.
Relevance and Reform
Authors: Ungar Maya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The United Nations is at a point of legitimacy crisis, particularly from members of the so-called Global South who have long felt underrepresented by the institution. Walking through recent debates around trust and reform of the UN system, this article provides an analysis of the UN’s crisis of confidence and what can be done to reduce it. First, the article connects research on trust theories of international relations to the legitimacy and effectives of the UN. Second, it overviews recent debates about representation in the UN system, and provides an analysis of their feasibility built off of desk research and first-person interviews with diplomats and relevant sources. Results found that the UN is attempting to adapt to remain relevant, but the institution is quickly losing the trust of its membership because of its inability to evolve quickly enough.
NATO as a Military OECD
Authors: Breitenbauch Henrik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While increased strategic competition poses a challenge to the global governance agenda writ large, the concomitant increased demand for security is in principle a boon to international security governance’s prime exemplar, NATO. Adding insights from international policy diffusion to the agenda of strategic competition, this article proposes that NATO supports the alliance’s primary, external function of deterrence and defense by providing strategic epistemic capital to its members through meditative and inquisitive forms of governance. These ensure that member nations keep abreast of the evolving best practice of defense and military affairs, and underpin overall convergence of defense policies and military practices, from consensus-based strategic wayfinding to tactical interoperability on the battlefield. Crucially, the alliance is also a brokerage of strategic sensemaking. Seeing NATO through the prism of an international organization like the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development thus deepens our understanding of how the alliance functions as well as of its resilience.
The Treatment of Civil Wars in a Fragmenting International Order
Authors: Gowan Richard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In 2018, the author and Stephen John Stedman posited the existence of a post-Cold War “standard treatment” for civil wars based on mediation and peacekeeping, often implemented through the United Nations. Other scholars have questioned how durable this treatment proved to be, suggesting that it lost traction as the United States and other powers opposed mediation involving jihadist groups. Growing major power tensions further undermined the use of the treatment. Nonetheless, states and international organizations still use elements of the mediation-peacekeeping package in responding to civil wars, suggesting that it is adaptable or at least “sticky” enough to outlast the circumstances in which it first emerged. This article explores the evolution and after-lives of the standard treatment for civil wars and asks what may follow it.
Multilateral Climate Governance
Authors: Baumann Franz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For nearly half a century, negotiations in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have sought to reduce pressures on nature without curtailing the North’s wealth or thwarting the South’s economic development. Since the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, science has become more granular, the global economy has grown phenomenally, greenhouse gas emissions and temperature rises have accelerated rather than slowed, the climate crisis and inequality have become more extreme, and the status quo interests have become more entrenched. After three lost (wasted, rather) decades, climate mitigation is terribly urgent, yet hugely contested. Choices are stark: financing mitigation and adaptation, or stomaching immense suffering.
Commentary
Authors: Pham Minh-Thu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This commentary addresses the challenges and opportunities of renewing multilateral cooperation, including at the UN Summit of the Future. It argues that despite pessimism given global political divisions, significant potential exists for reform. Recent successes demonstrate the efficacy of networked multilateralism, in which coalitions of states supported by nongovernmental organizations played pivotal roles. The piece suggests such coalitions can help Member States renew the multilateral system based on fair representation, increased contributions from emerging powers, shared responsibility among major powers, and inclusion of nongovernmental actors. It emphasizes the need for world leaders to address pressing challenges and restore trust in multilateral systems by showing they can deliver fair, inclusive, and effective solutions. The author offers a framework to guide global governance reform—which defends the old, governs the new, strengthens the borrowed, and renews the blue—and ensure the UN remains a relevant and central body in global governance.
The Multilateral Foreign Policies of Rising States in the Global South
Authors: Braveboy-Wagner Jacqueline Anne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As countries formerly deemed to be “developing” and relatively powerless begin to exert more influence in global arenas, fresh attention is being paid by Western policymakers as well as scholars to the possibility of the creation of a multipolar system that is shaping up to be a highly diverse one. To assess whether this incipient multipolarity can be sustained, it is important to examine the evolving diplomatic strategies of the nations of the Global South, in particular their reliance on multilateral mechanisms for normative guidance and tangible gains. This requires an examination of the content of the foreign policies of current and potential leading nations of the Global South, not only those that are fortunate enough to exert influence at the global level, but also those that are in key positions at the regional and subregional levels. A study of selected leading countries found that organizational membership and leadership, regionalism, nonalignment, multialignment, and agility in adopting and operationalizing norms such as South-South cooperation and environmentalism are among the key strategies that are being employed by Global South states in their efforts to gain visibility in global affairs.