bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Comparison of 4 Different Lateral Plate Constructs for Distal Fibula Fractures
Authors: Eckel Tobin T. , Glisson Richard R. , Anand Prashanth , Parekh Selene G. 
Published: July 2013

Background: Displaced lateral malleolar fractures are often treated with reduction and surgical stabilization. However, there has not been a comprehensive laboratory comparison to determine the most appropriate device for treating these patients. This study subjected a range of contemporary lateral fibular plates to a series of mechanical tests designed to reveal performance differences. Methods: Forty fresh frozen lower extremities were divided into 4 groups. A Weber B distal fibula fracture was simulated with an osteotomy and stabilized using 1 of 4 plate systems: a standard Synthes one-third tubular plate with interfragmentary lag screw, a Synthes LCP locking plate with lag screw, an Orthohelix MaxLock Extreme low-profile locking plate with lag screw, or a TriMed Sidewinder nonlocking plate. Controlled monotonic bending and cyclic torsional loading were applied and bending stiffness, torsional stiffness, and fracture site motion were quantified. Resistance to cyclic torsional loading was determined by quantifying the number of loads withstood before excessive rotation occurred. Correlation between bone mineral density and each of the mechanical measures was determined. Results: There was no difference in angulation or bending stiffness between plates. All plates except the LCP showed greater lateral deflection than in the other bending directions. Bending stiffness was lowest in lateral distal fragment deflection for all 4 plates. There was a positive correlation between bone mineral density and bending stiffness for all plate types. There was no difference in fracture site rotation between plate types in internal or external torsion, but internal rotation of the distal fragment consistently exceeded external rotation. Torsional stiffness in external rotation exceeded stiffness in internal rotation in nearly all specimens. LCP plates performed relatively poorly under cyclic torsion. Conclusions: Significant differences in plate performance were not demonstrated. The effects of bone quality variability and differences in interfragmentary screw purchase resulted in data dispersion that confounded absolute ranking of plate performance. Clinical Relevance: Identification of an optimal lateral fibular plating system has the potential to improve the clinical outcome of malleolar fracture fixation, particularly when patient conditions are unfavorable.
Parenting and relationship characteristics in mothers with their children having atopic disease
Authors: Im Yeo-Jin , Park Eun-Sook , Oh Won-Oak , Suk Min-Hyun 
Published: July 2013

This study compared parental cognitions and relationship characteristics of mothers of children with atopic disease with those of mothers of children without atopic disease. These factors include child-rearing attitudes, parental locus of control, parental sense of competence, attachment security, and maternal sensitivity. Preplanned subanalyses were carried out according to specific disease, mothers’ perception of disease severity, and presence of concurrent atopic diseases. The descriptive comparative study of 233 Korean mothers included 102 mothers of children aged six years or younger with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and/or allergic rhinitis. Data were collected from 2007 to 2008 from local clinics and day care centers. Parental cognitions and relationship characteristics did not differ significantly between groups of mothers, except that mothers of children with atopic dermatitis showed less affection. However, subanalyses showed that mothers who perceived their child’s disease to be severe were less likely to encourage autonomy and had a lower sense of competence, more rejecting attitudes, and an external locus of control. Although we should be cautious in generalizing these results, special care plans are strongly recommended for mothers of children with severe atopic disease to provide support and education, help mothers develop an internal locus of control, and increase parental sense of competence.
An evaluation of physicians’ engagement of children with asthma in treatment-related discussions
Authors: Carpenter Delesha M , Stover Angela , Slota Catherine , Ayala Guadalupe X , Yeatts Karen , Tudor Gail , Davis Stephanie , Williams Dennis , Sleath Betsy 
Published: July 2013

Our objectives were to examine whether providers engage children with asthma in treatment-related discussions at the level children prefer (engagement concordance) and to determine whether engagement concordance is related to child, caregiver, and provider characteristics. Children with asthma ( n = 296) aged 8–16 years were recruited at five pediatric practices in North Carolina. Using audiotaped medical visit transcripts, we documented the number of treatment-related questions the providers asked the children. Children reported their preferred level of provider engagement. A logistic generalized estimating equation was used to determine which variables predicted engagement concordance. Most children (96.6%) wanted to be involved in treatment-related discussions. One-third of the providers did not ask children any treatment-related questions. Only 36.1% of provider–child dyads were concordant. Most discordant dyads were under-engaged (83.1%). Better engagement concordance was observed among older children (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.07, 1.33)), male children (OR = 1.67, 95% CI (1.03, 2.70)), and among providers with fewer years in practice (OR = .97, 95% CI (.94, .99)). Providers engaged in treatment-related discussions with younger children and females less frequently than these children preferred. Providers should ask children how much they want to be involved in treatment-related discussions and then attempt to engage children at the level they prefer.
Out-of-school lives of physically disabled children and young people in the United Kingdom
Authors: Knight Kate Helen , Porcellato Lorna , Tume Lyvonne 
Published: July 2013

Currently there appears to be few opportunities and little evidence of physically disabled children and young people (C&YP) participating in mainstream social activities. A qualitative review was undertaken to examine the factors affecting physically disabled C&YP (8–15 years) in the United Kingdom participating in out-of-school activities. Views and experiences were explored from the perspective of the service users and providers to assess current provision and to determine the need for future research into factors that may affect participation. Searches were conducted across eight databases, the references of the included studies were checked and the websites were searched. Studies that used a qualitative design that examined the views relating to out-of-school activities were included. Nine papers were identified, which included three peer-reviewed papers and six pieces of grey literature and pertinent government documents to include views and experiences of out-of-school activity provision. The main themes emerging from the review were the need for social inclusion, out-of-school activities run by volunteers and accessibility, with threads throughout, which require further research including parental influence, provision, training and attitudes. This review highlights the absence of the service user’s voice and sheds light on the limited provision and barriers affecting participation in out-of-school activities.
Soluble GARP has potent antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory impact on human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Hahn Susanne A. , Stahl Heiko F. , Becker Christian , Correll Anita , Schneider Franz-Joseph , Tuettenberg Andrea , Jonuleit Helmut 
Published: July 2013

Key PointsGARP efficiently represses proliferation of naïve and resting CD4+ T cells and is involved in the induction of adaptive regulatory T cells. In vivo, GARP prevents T cell–mediated destructive inflammation in a preclinical humanized mouse model of GVHD.
Interactive effect of STAT6 and IL13gene polymorphisms on eczema status: results from a longitudinal and a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ziyab Ali H , Davies Gwyneth A , Ewart Susan , Hopkin Julian M , Schauberger Eric M , Wills-Karp Marsha , Holloway John W , Arshad Syed Hasan , Zhang Hongmei , Karmaus Wilfried 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundEczema is a prevalent skin disease that is mainly characterized by systemic deviation of immune response and defective epidermal barrier. Th2 cytokines, such as IL-13 and transcription factor STAT6 are key elements in the inflammatory response that characterize allergic disorders, including eczema. Previous genetic association studies showed inconsistent results for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with eczema. Our aim was to investigate whether SNPs inIL13andSTAT6genes, which share a biological pathway, have an interactive effect on eczema risk.MethodsData from two independent population-based studies were analyzed, namely the Isle of Wight birth cohort study (IOW; n = 1,456) and for the purpose of replication the Swansea PAPA (Poblogaeth Asthma Prifysgol Abertawe; n = 1,445) cross-sectional study. Log-binomial regressions were applied to (i) account for the interaction betweenIL13(rs20541) andSTAT6(rs1059513) polymorphisms and (ii) estimate the combined effect, in terms of risk ratios (RRs), of both risk factors on the risk of eczema.ResultsUnder a dominant genetic model, the interaction term [IL13(rs20541) × STAT6(rs1059513)] was statistically significant in both studies (IOW: adjustedPinteraction = 0.046; PAPA:Pinteraction = 0.037). The assessment of the combined effect associated with having risk genotypes in both SNPs yielded a 1.52-fold increased risk of eczema in the IOW study (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05 – 2.20;P = 0.028) and a 2.01-fold higher risk of eczema (95% CI: 1.29 – 3.12;P = 0.002) in the PAPA study population.ConclusionsOur study adds to the current knowledge of genetic susceptibility by demonstrating for the first time an interactive effect between SNPs inIL13(rs20541) andSTAT6(rs1059513) on the occurrence of eczema in two independent samples. Findings of this report further support the emerging evidence that points toward the existence of genetic effects that occur via complex networks involving gene-gene interactions (epistasis).
Biodegradable magnesium-based screw clinically equivalent to titanium screw in hallux valgus surgery: short term results of the first prospective, randomized, controlled clinical pilot study
Authors: Windhagen Henning , Radtke Kerstin , Weizbauer Andreas , Diekmann Julia , Noll Yvonne , Kreimeyer Ulrike , Schavan Robert , Stukenborg-Colsman Christina , Waizy Hazibullah 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeNondegradable steel-and titanium-based implants are commonly used in orthopedic surgery. Although they provide maximal stability, they are also associated with interference on imaging modalities, may induce stress shielding, and additional explantation procedures may be necessary. Alternatively, degradable polymer implants are mechanically weaker and induce foreign body reactions. Degradable magnesium-based stents are currently being investigated in clinical trials for use in cardiovascular medicine. The magnesium alloy MgYREZr demonstrates good biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties. The aim of this prospective, randomized, clinical pilot trial was to determine if magnesium-based MgYREZr screws are equivalent to standard titanium screws for fixation during chevron osteotomy in patients with a mild hallux valgus.MethodsPatients (n=26) were randomly assigned to undergo osteosynthesis using either titanium or degradable magnesium-based implants of the same design. The 6 month follow-up period included clinical, laboratory, and radiographic assessments.ResultsNo significant differences were found in terms of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score for hallux, visual analog scale for pain assessment, or range of motion (ROM) of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). No foreign body reactions, osteolysis, or systemic inflammatory reactions were detected. The groups were not significantly different in terms of radiographic or laboratory results.ConclusionThe radiographic and clinical results of this prospective controlled study demonstrate that degradable magnesium-based screws are equivalent to titanium screws for the treatment of mild hallux valgus deformities.
Optical visualization of ultrathin mica flakes on semitransparent gold substrates
Authors: Dols-Perez Aurora , Sisquella Xavier , Fumagalli Laura , Gomila Gabriel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe show that optical visualization of ultrathin mica flakes on metallic substrates is viable using semitransparent gold as substrates. This enables to easily localize mica flakes and rapidly estimate their thickness directly on gold substrates by conventional optical reflection microscopy. We experimentally demonstrate it by comparing optical images with atomic force microscopy images of mica flakes on semitransparent gold. Present results open the possibility for simple and rapid characterization of thin mica flakes as well as other thin sheets directly on metallic substrates.
Exponential synchronization of the coupling delayed switching complex dynamical networks via impulsive control
Authors: Dai Anding , Zhou Wuneng , Feng Jianwen , Fang Jian’an , Xu Shengbing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the exponential synchronization issue of coupling delayed switching complex dynamical networks via impulsive control. Basing on the Lyapunov functional method and establishing a new impulsive delay differential inequality, we derive some sufficient conditions which depend on delay and impulses to guarantee the exponential synchronization of the coupling delay switching complex dynamical network. Finally, numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Shaped Magnetic Field Pulses by Multi-Coil Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Differentially Modulate Anterior Cingulate Cortex Responses and Pain in Volunteers and Fibromyalgia Patients
Authors: Tzabazis Alexander , Aparici Carina Mari , Rowbotham Michael C , Schneider M Bret , Etkin Amit , Yeomans David C 
Published: July 2013

Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise in the alleviation of acute and chronic pain by altering the activity of cortical areas involved in pain sensation. However, current single-coil rTMS technology only allows for effects in surface cortical structures. The ability to affect activity in certain deep brain structures may however, allow for a better efficacy, safety, and tolerability. This study used PET imaging to determine whether a novel multi-coil rTMS would allow for preferential targeting of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), an area always activated with pain, and to provide preliminary evidence as to whether this targeted approach would allow for efficacious, safe, and tolerable analgesia both in a volunteer/acute pain model as well as in fibromyalgia chronic pain patients. Methods Part 1: Different coil configurations were tested in a placebo-controlled crossover design in volunteers (N = 16). Tonic pain was induced using a capsaicin/thermal pain model and functional brain imaging was performed by means of H152O positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET/CT) scans. Differences in NRS pain ratings between TMS and sham treatment (NRSTMS-NRSplacebo) which were recorded each minute during the 10 minute PET scans. Part 2: 16 fibromyalgia patients were subjected to 20 multi-coil rTMS treatments over 4 weeks and effects on standard pain scales (Brief Pain Inventory, item 5, i.e. average pain NRS over the last 24 hours) were recorded. Results A single 30 minute session using one of 3 tested rTMS coil configurations operated at 1 Hz consistently produced robust reduction (mean 70% on NRS scale) in evoked pain in volunteers. In fibromyalgia patients, the 20 rTMS sessions also produced a significant pain inhibition (43% reduction in NRS pain over last 24 hours), but only when operated at 10 Hz. This degree of pain control was maintained for at least 4 weeks after the final session. Conclusion Multi-coil rTMS may be a safe and effective treatment option for acute as well as for chronic pain, such as that accompanying fibromyalgia. Further studies are necessary to optimize configurations and settings as well as to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to the long-lasting pain control produced by these treatments.
Immunohistochemical analysis of chromatin remodeler DAXX in high grade urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zizzi Antonio , Montironi Maria Alessandra , Mazzucchelli Roberta , Scarpelli Marina , Lopez-Beltran Antonio , Cheng Liang , Paone Nicola , Castellini Paolo , Montironi Rodolfo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background/Aims
The chromatin remodeler DAXX, a predominantly nuclear protein, regulates the status of chromatin organization. The aim of this exploratory immunohistochemical study was to evaluate DAXX protein expression in high grade invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder as a biological regulator of aggressiveness.

Methods
Quantitative analysis was made on DAXX immunostained nuclei in tissue sections from 5 cases of bladder normal urothelium (NU) and 5 cases of bladder pT1 UC. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) and high grade papillary carcinoma (HGPCa) were identified in 2 out of 5 UC cases.

Results
The nuclei in UC show an open configuration of the chromatin composed of granules varying in size and distribution and a mean nuclear area 1.7 times greater than that in NU (UC: mean and SD 24.4 ± 11.4 square microns; NU: 14.8 6.5 square microns. The differences are statistically significant). 70% of the NU nuclei are immunostained, whereas 90% of UC nuclei are positive. The mean gray level value in UC, related to the intensity of nuclear immunostaining, is lower than in NU by a factor of 0.94 (UC: mean and SD 100 ± 15; NU: 106 ± 15. The differences are statistically significant). In particular, the value in the nuclei adjacent to the stroma in UC is slightly lower than in the intermediate cell layers by factor of 0.98, whereas in NU it is slightly greater by a factor 1.02 and 1.04 compared to the intermediate and superficial cell layers. The values in CIS and HGPCa are similar to those in UC.

Conclusions
The quantitative immunohistochemical analysis shows an altered protein expression of chromatin remodeler DAXX in UC and in its preinvasive phases, when compared to NU. DAXX evaluation, if associated with markers related to global DNA methylation and histone acetylation, could be used in clinical practice as a marker of aggressiveness.

Virtual slides
The virtual slides for this article can be found here:

http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1398457297102379
New dicoumarol sodium compound: crystal structure, theoretical study and tumoricidal activity against osteoblast cancer cells
Authors: Rehman Sadia , Ikram Muhammad , Khan Ajmal , Min Soyoung , Azad Effat , Hofer Thomas S , Mok KH , Baker Robert J , Blake Alexander J , Rehman Saeed Ur 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Enormous interest had been paid to the coordination chemistry of alkali and alkaline metal ions because of their role inside body viz; their Li+/Na+ exchange inside the cell lead to different diseases like neuropathy, hypertension, microalbuminuria, cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, obesity, and insulin resistance. It has been presumed that alkali metal ions (whether Na+ or K+) coordinated to chelating ligands can cross the hydrophobic cell membrane easily and can function effectively for depolarizing the ion difference. This unique function was utilized for bacterial cell death in which K+ has been found coordinated valinomycin (antibiotic).

Results
Distinct sodium adduct (1) with dicoumarol ligand, 4-Hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,8a-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-phenyl-methyl]-chromen-2-one (L) is isolated from the saturated solution of sodium methoxide. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of the adduct reveals that sodium is in the form of cation attached to a methoxide, methanol and a dicoumarol ligand where carbonyl functional groups of the coumarin derivative are acting as bridges. The sodium compound (1) is also characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The composition is confirmed by elemental analysis. DFT study for 1 has been carried out using B3LYP/6-13G calculations which shown the theoretical confirmation of the various bond lengths and bond angles. Both the compounds were studied subsequently for the U2OS tumoricidal activity and it was found that L has LD50 value of 200 μM whereas the sodium analog cytotoxicity did not drop down below 60%.

Conclusion
A sodium analogue (1) with medicinally important dicoumarol ligand (L) has been reported. The crystal structure and DFT study confirm the formation of cationic sodium compound with dicoumarol. The ligand was found more active than the sodium analog attributed to the instability of 1 in solution state. Coumarin compound with sodium was observed to be less cytotoxic than the ligand, its LD50 value never dropped below 60%.
Novel microstructure quantification framework for databasing, visualization, and analysis of microstructure data
Authors: Niezgoda Stephen R , Kanjarla Anand K , Kalidindi Surya R 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe study of microstructure and its relation to properties and performance is the defining concept in the field of materials science and engineering. Despite the paramount importance of microstructure to the field, a rigorous systematic framework for the quantitative comparison of microstructures from different material classes has yet to be adopted. In this paper, the authors develop and present a novel microstructure quantification framework that facilitates the visualization of complex microstructure relationships, both within a material class and across multiple material classes. This framework, based on the stochastic process representation of microstructure, serves as a natural environment for developing relational statistical analyses, for establishing quantitative microstructure descriptors. In addition, it will be shown that this new framework can be used to link microstructure visualizations with properties to develop reduced-order microstructure-property linkages and performance models.
Correlation of serum homocysteine and previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alatab Sudabeh , Fakhrzadeh Hossein , Sharifi Farshad , Mirarefin Mojde , Badamchizadeh Zohreh , Ghaderpanahi Maryam , Hossein-nezhad Arash , Larijani Bagher 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy condition. In this study, the risk of having a history of previous GDM (pGDM) on serum homocysteine level was assessed

Methods
Biomedical parameters, serum homocysteine, Insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) in women with (n = 52) and without pGDM (n = 51) were assessed. According to their current status of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT), the participants in each group were divided into two subgroups of normal or impaired GTT.

Results
Mean serum homocysteine in normal women was 8.56 ± 3.19 vs 11.44 ± 7.34 μmol/L (p < 0.01) in women with pGDM. Two groups had significant differences in respect to serum insulin levels (8.35 ± 5.12 vs 12.48 ± 5.44, p < 0.002), and HOMA-IR (1.90 ± 1.30 vs 2.91 ± 1.30, p < 0.002). In women without pGDM, serum homocysteine in normal and impaired GTT were 7.60 ± 1.69 and 10.52 ± 3.65 μmol/L (p = 0.03), respectively, while in women with pGDM, the figures were 8.38 ± 2.52 and 14.00 ± 10.17 (p < 0.01), respectively. In multi regression analysis an association between history of GDM and homocysteine levels was presented (OR: 7.71, 95% CI: 1.67-35.42, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
A trend of elevation of homocysteine is presented in women with pGDM, that is more prominent in women with impaired GTT, and shows a significant correlation with history of GDM. Further studies with larger sample size are suggested.