bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech Audiometry and Spanish–English Bilinguals: Challenges in Clinical Practice
Authors: Shi Lu-Feng 
Published: July 2014

PurposeThe Spanish–English bilingual population has been on a steady rise in the United States and is projected to continue to grow. Speech audiometry, a key component of hearing care, must be customized for this linguistically unique and diverse population.MethodThe tutorial summarizes recent findings concerning Spanish–English bilinguals' performance on English and Spanish speech audiometric tests in the context of the psychometric properties of the tests and the language and dialect profile of the individual (language status, history, stability, competency, and use). The tutorial also provides arguments for evaluating bilingual clients in Spanish, in English, or in both languages, which may serve as rationales in support of varied bilingual clinical practices. Last, the tutorial provides information regarding Spanish speech audiometry, including available tests, issues that clinicians may encounter when administering them, and dialectal consideration.ConclusionsIt is a challenge as well as an opportunity for clinicians to expand service to the Spanish–English bilingual community. Understanding the characteristics of the individual and the test is essential for ensuring quality services to the bilingual client.
A novel investigation on carbon nanotube/ZnO, Ag/ZnO and Ag/carbon nanotube/ZnO nanowires junctions for harvesting piezoelectric potential on textile
Authors: Khan Azam , Edberg Jesper , Nur Omer , Willander Magnus 
Published: July 2014

In the present work, three junctions were fabricated on textile fabric as an alternative substrate for harvesting piezoelectric potential. First junction was formed on ordinary textile as (textile/multi-walled carbon nanotube film/zinc oxide nanowires (S1: T/CNTs/ZnO NWs)) and the other two were formed on conductive textile with the following layer sequence: conductive textile/zinc oxide nanowires (S2: CT/ZnO NWs) and conductive textile/multi-walled carbon nanotubes film/zinc oxide nanowires (S3: CT/CNTs/ZnO NWs). Piezoelectric potential was harvested by using atomic force microscopy in contact mode for the comparative analysis of the generated piezoelectric potential. ZnO NWs were synthesized by using the aqueous chemical growth method. Surface analysis of the grown nanostructures was performed by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The growth orientation and crystalline size were studied by using X-ray diffraction technique. This study reveals that textile as an alternative substrate have many features like cost effective, highly flexible, nontoxic, light weight, soft, recyclable, reproducible, portable, wearable, and washable for nanogenerators fabrication with acceptable performance and with a wide choice of modification for obtaining large amount of piezoelectric potential.
At the request of the editor and publisher this article is being retracted effective 6 September 2022.
Structural effects of PrP polymorphisms on intra- and interspecies prion transmission
Authors: Angers Rachel , Christiansen Jeffrey , Nalls Amy V. , Kang Hae-Eun , Hunter Nora , Hoover Edward , Mathiason Candace K. , Sheetz Michael , Telling Glenn C. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
The unpredictable recurrences of prion epidemics, their incurable lethality, and the capacity of animal prions to infect humans provide significant motivation to ascertain the parameters governing disease transmission. The unprecedented spread and uncertain zoonotic potential of chronic wasting disease, a contagious epidemic among deer, elk, and other cervids, is of particular concern. Here we demonstrate that naturally occurring primary structural differences in cervid PrPs differentially impact the efficiency of intra- and interspecies prion transmission. Our results not only deliver information about the role of primary structural variation on prion susceptibility, but also provide functional support to a mechanism in which plasticity of a tertiary structural epitope governs prion protein conversion and intra- and interspecies susceptibility to prions.
The CRAFFT Cut-Points and DSM-5 Criteria for Alcohol and Other Drugs: A Reevaluation and Reexamination
Authors: Mitchell Shannon Gwin , Kelly Sharon M. , Gryczynski Jan , Myers C. Patrick , O'Grady Kevin E. , Kirk Arethusa S. , Schwartz Robert P. 
Published: July 2014

Background The CRAFFT, previously validated against DSM-IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) diagnostic criteria, is the most widely used screening instrument for alcohol and other substance misuse in adolescents. The present secondary analysis study sought to compare the CRAFFT with the new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria in order to assess the CRAFFT's psychometric properties and determine the optimal cut-point for identifying adolescents in need of further assessment. Methods Participants were primary care patients aged 12–17 ( N = 525) who were recruited while waiting for a medical appointment in an urban federally qualified health center in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Participants were administered the CRAFFT and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, second edition, modified to include the new DSM-5 craving item. The authors examined the performance of the CRAFFT in identifying any problem use (defined as 1 or more DSM-5 criteria) and any DSM-5 substance use disorder (2 or more DSM-5 criteria) for alcohol or drugs other than tobacco. The authors examined sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (AUC) to determine the optimal CRAFFT cut-point(s) for predicting any problem use and any DSM-5 substance use disorder (SUD). Results Examining the CRAFFT as a continuous measure, AUC values were 0.93 for problem use or higher and 0.97 for DSM-5 SUD. Consistent with previously recommended cut-points for the CRAFFT, the cut-point of 2 performed optimally for identifying adolescents both exhibiting problem use of alcohol or drugs and meeting DSM-5 SUD criteria for alcohol or other drugs. Conclusions Despite changes in the DSM substance use diagnostic criteria, the CRAFFT continues to demonstrate excellent sensitivity and specificity at its established cut-point of 2. Additional studies examining the CRAFFT in light of the new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria with more diverse populations are warranted.
Rewiring of genetic networks in response to modification of genetic background
Authors: Bajić Djordje , Moreno Clara , Poyatos Juan F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGenome-scale genetic interaction networks are progressively contributing to map the molecular circuitry that determines cellular behaviour. To what extent this mapping changes in response to different environmental or genetic conditions is however largely unknown. Here we assembled a genetic network using anin silicomodel of metabolism in yeast to explicitly ask how separate genetic backgrounds alter network structure. Backgrounds defined by single deletions of metabolically active enzymes induce strong rewiring when the deletion corresponds to a catabolic gene, evidencing a broad redistribution of fluxes to alternative pathways. We also show how change is more pronounced in interactions linking genes in distinct functional modules, and in those connections that present weak epistasis. These patterns reflect overall the distributed robustness of catabolism. In a second class of genetic backgrounds, in which a number of neutral mutations accumulate, we dominantly observe modifications in the negative interactions that together with an increase in the number of essential genes indicate a global reduction in buffering. Notably, neutral trajectories that originate considerable changes in the wild-type network comprise mutations that diminished the environmental plasticity of the corresponding metabolism, what emphasizes a mechanistic integration of genetic and environmental buffering. More generally, our work demonstrates how the specific mechanistic causes of robustness influence the architecture of multiconditional genetic interaction maps.
Different Mechanisms Are Responsible for Chlorophyll Dephytylation during Fruit Ripening and Leaf Senescence in Tomato
Authors: Guyer Luzia , Hofstetter Silvia Schelbert , Christ Bastien , Lira Bruno Silvestre , Rossi Magdalena , Hörtensteiner Stefan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChlorophyll breakdown occurs in different green plant tissues (e.g. during leaf senescence and in ripening fruits). For different plant species, the PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE (PAO)/phyllobilin pathway has been described to be the major chlorophyll catabolic pathway. In this pathway, pheophorbide (i.e. magnesium- and phytol-free chlorophyll) occurs as a core intermediate. Most of the enzymes involved in the PAO/phyllobilin pathway are known; however, the mechanism of dephytylation remains uncertain. During Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf senescence, phytol hydrolysis is catalyzed by PHEOPHYTINASE (PPH), which is specific for pheophytin (i.e. magnesium-free chlorophyll). By contrast, in fruits of different Citrus spp., chlorophyllase, hydrolyzing phytol from chlorophyll, was shown to be active. Here, we enlighten the process of chlorophyll breakdown in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), both in leaves and fruits. We demonstrate the activity of the PAO/phyllobilin pathway and identify tomato PPH (SlPPH), which, like its Arabidopsis ortholog, was specifically active on pheophytin. SlPPH localized to chloroplasts and was transcriptionally up-regulated during leaf senescence and fruit ripening. SlPPH-silencing tomato lines were impaired in chlorophyll breakdown and accumulated pheophytin during leaf senescence. However, although pheophytin transiently accumulated in ripening fruits of SlPPH-silencing lines, ultimately these fruits were able to degrade chlorophyll like the wild type. We conclude that PPH is the core phytol-hydrolytic enzyme during leaf senescence in different plant species; however, fruit ripening involves other hydrolases, which are active in parallel to PPH or are the core hydrolases in fruits. These hydrolases remain unidentified, and we discuss the question of whether chlorophyllases might be involved.
Nanodomains of Cytochromeb 6 fand Photosystem II Complexes in Spinach Grana Thylakoid Membranes
Authors: Johnson Matthew P. , Vasilev Cvetelin , Olsen John D. , Hunter C. Neil 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe cytochrome b 6 f (cytb 6 f) complex plays a central role in photosynthesis, coupling electron transport between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I to the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient used for the biosynthesis of ATP. Photosynthesis relies on rapid shuttling of electrons by plastoquinone (PQ) molecules between PSII and cytb 6 f complexes in the lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane. Thus, the relative membrane location of these complexes is crucial, yet remains unknown. Here, we exploit the selective binding of the electron transfer protein plastocyanin (Pc) to the lumenal membrane surface of the cytb 6 f complex using a Pc-functionalized atomic force microscope (AFM) probe to identify the position of cytb 6 f complexes in grana thylakoid membranes from spinach (Spinacia oleracea). This affinity-mapping AFM method directly correlates membrane surface topography with Pc-cytb 6 f interactions, allowing us to construct a map of the grana thylakoid membrane that reveals nanodomains of colocalized PSII and cytb6f complexes. We suggest that the close proximity between PSII and cytb 6 f complexes integrates solar energy conversion and electron transfer by fostering short-range diffusion of PQ in the protein-crowded thylakoid membrane, thereby optimizing photosynthetic efficiency.
Technical efficiency analysis of the Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Mahajan Varun , Nauriyal D.K. , Singh S.P. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to measure technical efficiencies, slacks and input/output targets for 50 large Indian pharmaceutical firms.Design/methodology/approach– The data are collected from Prowess of Centre for Monitoring of Indian Economy for the financial year 2010-2011. This study uses data envelopment analysis approach, taking raw material, salaries and wages, advertisement and marketing and capital usage cost as input variables and net sales revenue as output variable.Findings– The paper finds that out of 50 firms, nine firms were overall technical efficient while 19 firms pure technical efficient and thus defined the efficient frontier. The BCC model identified that the inefficiency is either due to inefficient managerial performance or scale utilization. Further, firms are classified as high, low and middle robust firms on the basis of peer count. The study also analysed the slacks which were found to be significant in regard of some inputs, especially advertisement and marketing. The targets setting results have shown that all the inputs have significant scope for reduction.Practical implications– The empirical results are useful in assessing the relative efficiency of the large Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry (ID&P) firms. The managers and owners can take corrective actions to reduce the cost of operations by optimizing advertising and marketing cost, capital usage cost and salary and wages so as to improve their efficiency.Originality/value– Unlike the previous studies on the efficiency of the ID&P industry, the paper have shown the significance of improvement in managerial performance and scale utilization. In addition to this, excess inputs used in the production process and also possible target values of inputs and outputs are shown in the study. The robustness and stability of efficiency scores is also checked.
Fabric defects detection using adaptive wavelets
Authors: Wen Zhijie , Cao Junjie , Liu Xiuping , Ying Shihui 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Fabric defects detection is vital in the automation of textile industry. The purpose of this paper is to develop and implement a new fabric defects detection method based on adaptive wavelet.

Design/methodology/approach
– Fabric defects can be regarded as the abrupt features of textile images with uniform background textures. Wavelets have compact support and can represent these textures. When there is an abrupt feature existed, the response is totally different with the response of the background textures, so wavelets can detect these abrupt features. This method designs the appropriate wavelet bases for different fabric images adaptively. The defects can be detected accurately.

Findings
– The proposed method achieves accurate detection of fabric defects. The experimental results suggest that the approach is effective.

Originality/value
– This paper develops an appropriate method to design wavelet filter coefficients for detecting fabric defects, which is called adaptive wavelet. And it is helpful to realize the automation of textile industry.
Prediction of deformation behavior of single jersey cotton knitted fabrics using finite element method
Authors: Perumalsamy E. , Sakthivel J.C. , Anbumani N. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the stress-strain relationships of single-jersey knitted fabrics from uniaxial tensile test followed by deformation behavior using finite element analysis. In order to elaborate the study, high, medium and low tightness knitted fabrics were selected and deformation of fabrics analyzed in course, wales and bias directions (0, 45 and 90 degrees).

Design/methodology/approach
– This study focussed on uni-axial tensile test of produced test samples using Instron 6021 tester and a development of single-jersey knitted loop model using Auto Desk Inventor software (ADI). The knitted fabric material properties and knitted loop model was imported to ANSYS 12.0 software.

Findings
– Due to structural changes the tightness and thickness of knitted fabric decreases with increase in loop length The tensile result shows maximum breaking strength at course direction (13.43 kg f/mm2 at 2.7 mm) and maximum extension at wales direction (165.77 kg f/mm2 at 3.3 mm). When the loop length increases, the elongation of fabrics increased and load carrying capacity of fabrics reduced. The Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and shear modulus of fabrics reduced with increase in loop length. The deformation of fabrics increased with increase in loop length. The increase in loop length gives large amount of structural changes and it is due to slacking or jamming in loops and loosening in dimensions. When comparing the deformation results, the variation within the fabric is higher and structural damage little more when increasing the loop length of the fabric.

Originality/value
– From ANOVA test, stress and strain distribution was statistically significant among course, wales and bias directions at 95 percent confidence level. The values got from Instron test indicates that testing direction can alter its deformation. In deformation analysis, comparing both experimental and prediction, high amount of structural changes observed in wales direction. The used tetrahedral elements can be used for contact analysis with high accuracy. For non-linear problems, consistent approach was proposed which makes the sense to compare with experimental methods. The proposed model will make possible developments and the preliminary validation tests shows good agreement with experimental data.
Development of fuzzy U control chart for monitoring defects
Authors: Avakh Darestani Soroush , Moradi Tadi Azam , Taheri Somayeh , Raeiszadeh Maryam 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Shewhart's control charts are the most important statistical process control tools that play a role in inspecting and producing quality control. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the attributes of fuzzy U control chart.

Design/methodology/approach
– If the data were uncertain, they were converted into trapezoidal fuzzy number and the fuzzy upper and lower control limits were trapezoidal fuzzy number calculated using fuzzy mode approach. The result was grouped into four categories (in control, out of control, rather in control, rather out of control). Finally, a case study was presented and the method coding was done in MATLAB software using design U control chart; then, the results were verified.

Findings
– The definition of fuzzy numbers for each type of defect sensitivity and the unit can be classified into four groups: in-control and out-of-control, rather in-control and rather out-of-control which represent the actual quality of the products. It can be concluded that fuzzy control chart is more sensitive on recognition out of control patterns.

Originality/value
– This paper studies the use of control charts, specifically the attributes of a fuzzy U control chart, for monitoring defects in the format of a case study.
The verification of effective leadership style for TQM
Authors: Sik Cho Young , Y. Jung Joo 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to verify the universal applicability of total quality management (TQM) across national boundaries. Specifically, the authors examined the validity of the isomorphic nature of TQM leadership style by comparing survey samples from both USA-based firms (n=112) and China-based firms (n=121).Design/methodology/approach– The authors collected the primary data through a survey research method. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were adopted to test the hypothesized research model.Findings– The study results did not support the universality of TQM practices. For example, the results reveal that in the USA-based firms, transformational leadership has a more significant positive influence on TQM practices, while in the China-based firms, transactional leadership has a more significant positive impact on TQM practices.Originality/value– Most of the existing literature on TQM assumed that the most effective TQM leadership style would be universal across organizational or international boundaries. However, our findings imply that the effective leadership style for successful implementation of TQM practices could be contingent on the cultural background embedded within the firms. Therefore, the authors anticipate the findings of the study will guide future research on TQM and create a new path to find solutions not only for optimizing the successful implementation of TQM, but also for minimizing the current high level of TQM failures.
Measuring patient satisfaction
Authors: Ghosh Manimay 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study was to understand the different dimensions patients staying in a hospital perceived as important for satisfaction and how those dimensions affected their overall satisfaction levels.

Design/methodology/approach
– A scale comprising 21 items to measure patient experience in a hospital was developed based on literature review. After purification of the scale, a field survey was administered to patients who were discharged in the recent past from a public or a private hospital in the city. The data collected were analyzed using multivariate techniques.

Findings
– The data analysis highlighted four important dimensions of patient satisfaction. The four dimensions significantly and positively affected patient’s overall satisfaction level.

Research limitations/implications
– This research study was conducted in one of the four major metropolitan cities of India. Nonetheless, the study provides valuable insights into the patient satisfaction dimensions in an Indian context and how those dimensions affected patient’s overall satisfaction.

Practical implications
– Hospitals, in general, can use the study findings to measure and improve their operational performance.

Originality/value
– This study was not limited to one or few hospitals, but covered many hospitals in one of the four metropolitan cities of India. It provides a comprehensive picture of how many hospitals in the city fared in terms of satisfying their patients.
Occupational stress and its consequences
Authors: Mohammad Mosadeghrad Ali 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to identify the status of occupational stress among a sample of hospital employees in Iran. It further intended to reveal the harmful effects of occupational stress on employees’ health and well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study used a cross-sectional research design. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data from hospital employees.

Findings
– Job-related, working environment, interpersonal and organisational factors were related to occupational stress. One-fourth of employees rated their occupational stress high. The major sources of occupational stress were inadequate pay, inequality at work, too much work, staff shortage, poor recognition and promotion, time pressure, job insecurity and lack of management support. High levels of occupational stress have been linked to an increased risk of physical injuries, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, depression and increases in negative personal behaviours such as anger, anxiety and irritability. Occupational stress was positively associated with employees’ turnover intentions.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings of this study are not generalisable to the wider population of hospital employees in Iran due to the small sample size. Thus, future research should involve additional samples.

Practical implications
– The study has practical relevance for designing and implementing strategies to decrease occupational stress among hospital employees.

Originality/value
– This article contributes to health care theory and practise by identifying factors contributing to employees’ occupational stress and examining the association between occupational stress and two important employee outcomes – health status and turnover intention.