bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Pre‐Existing Liquidity in Determining Pricing Efficiency and Liquidity Gains Following the Introduction of SETSmm
Authors: Chelley‐Steeley Patricia L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper we examine the impact that the new trading system SETSmm had on market quality measures such as firm value, liquidity and pricing efficiency. This system was introduced for mid‐cap securities on the London Stock Exchange in 2003. We show that there is a small SETSmm return premium associated with the announcement that securities are to migrate to the new trading system. We find that migration to SETSmm also improves liquidity and pricing efficiency and these changes are related to the return premium. We also find that these gains are stronger for firms with high pre SETSmm liquidity and weaker for firms with low SETSmm liquidity.
Effect of Rht Alleles on the Tolerance of Wheat Grain Set to High Temperature and Drought Stress During Booting and Anthesis
Authors: Alghabari F. , Lukac M. , Jones H. E. , Gooding M. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFactorial pot experiments were conducted to compare the responses of GA‐sensitive and GA‐insensitive reduced height (Rht) alleles in wheat for susceptibility to heat and drought stress during booting and anthesis. Grain set (grains/spikelet) of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) was assessed following three day transfers to controlled environments imposing day temperatures (t) from 20 to 40 °C. Transfers were during booting and/or anthesis and pots maintained at field capacity (FC) or had water withheld. Logistic responses (y = c/1+e‐b(t ‐m)) described declining grain set with increasing t, and t5 was that fitted to give a 5 % reduction in grain set. Averaged over NIL, t5 for anthesis at FC was 31.7 ± 0.47 °C (S.E.M., 26 d.f.). Drought at anthesis reduced t5 by <2 °C. Maintaining FC at booting conferred considerable resistance to high temperatures (t5 = 33.9 °C) but booting was particularly heat susceptible without water (t5 = 26.5 °C). In one background (cv. Mercia), for NILs varying at the Rht‐D1 locus, there was progressive reduction in t5 with dwarfing and reduced gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity (Rht‐D1a, tall, 32.7 ± 0.72; Rht‐D1b, semi‐dwarf, 29.5 ± 0.85; Rht‐D1c, severe dwarf, 24.2 ± 0.72). This trend was not evident for the Rht‐B1 locus or for Rht‐D1b in an alternative background (Maris Widgeon). The GA‐sensitive severe dwarf Rht12 was more heat tolerant (t5 = 29.4 ± 0.72) than the similarly statured GA‐insensitive Rht‐D1c. The GA‐sensitive, semidwarfing Rht8 conferred greater drought tolerance in one experiment. Despite the effects of Rht‐D1 alleles in Mercia on stress tolerance, the inconsistency of the effects over background and locus led to the conclusion that semidwarfing with GA‐insensitivity did not necessarily increase sensitivity to stress at booting and flowering. In comparison with effects of semidwarfing alleles, responses to heat stress are much more dramatically affected by water availability and the precise growth stage at which the stress is experienced by the plants.
Preparation of Y2Si2O7/ZrO2 Composites and Their Composition – Mechanical Properties – Tribology Relationships
Authors: Sun Ziqi , Wu Ling , Li Meishuan , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: October 2013

In this work, novel Y2Si2O7/ZrO2 composites were developed for structural and coating applications by taking advantage of their unique properties, such as good damage tolerance, tunable mechanical properties, and superior wear resistance. The γ‐Y2Si2O7/ZrO2 composites showed improved mechanical properties compared to the γ‐Y2Si2O7 matrix material, that is, the Young's modulus was enhanced from 155 to 188 GPa (121%) and the flexural strength from 135 to 254 MPa (181%); when the amount of ZrO2 was increased from 0 to 50 vol%, the γ‐Y2Si2O7/ZrO2 composites also presented relatively high facture toughness (>1.7 MPa·m1/2), but this exhibited an inverse relationship with the ZrO2 content. The composition–mechanical property–tribology relationships of the Y2Si2O7/ZrO2 composites were elucidated. The wear resistance of the composites is not only influenced by the applied load, hardness, strength, toughness, and rigidity but also effectively depends on micromechanical stability properties of the microstructures. The easy growth of subcritical microcracks in Y2Si2O7 grains and at grain boundaries significantly contributes to the macroscopic fracture toughness, but promotes the pull‐out of individual grains, thus resulting in a lack of correlation between the wear rate and the macroscopic fracture toughness of the composites.
Workplace social capital in nursing: an evolutionary concept analysis
Authors: Read Emily A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of nurses' workplace social capital.BackgroundWorkplace social capital is an emerging concept in nursing with potential to illuminate the value of social relationships at work. A common definition is needed.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesThe Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, PsychINFO and ProQuest Nursing.Review methodsDatabases were systematically searched using the keywords: workplace social capital, employee social capital, work environment, social capital and nursing. Sources published between January 1937–November 2012 in English that described or studied social capital of nurses at work were included. A total of 668 resources were found. After removing 241 duplicates, literature was screened in two phases: (1) titles and abstracts were reviewed (n = 427); and (2) remaining data sources were retrieved and read (n = 70). Eight sources were included in the final analysis.ResultsAttributes of nurses' workplace social capital included networks of social relationships at work, shared assets and shared ways of knowing and being. Antecedents were communication, trust and positive leadership practices. Nurses' workplace social capital was associated with positive consequences for nurses, their patients and healthcare organizations.ConclusionNurses' workplace social capital is defined as nurses' shared assets and ways of being and knowing that are evident in, and available through, nurses' networks of social relationships at work. Future studies should examine and test relationships between antecedents and consequences of nurses' workplace social capital to understand this important aspect of healthy professional practice environments better.
A qualitative study of regional anaesthesia for vitreo‐retinal surgery
Authors: McCloud Christine , Harrington Ann , King Lindy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this research was to collect experiential knowledge about regional ocular anaesthesia – an integral component of most vitreo‐retinal surgery.BackgroundAnaesthesia for vitreo‐retinal surgery has predominantly used general anaesthesia, because of the length and complexity of the surgical procedure. However, recent advances in surgical instrumentation and techniques have reduced surgical times; this decision has led to the adoption of regional ocular anaesthesia for vitreo‐retinal day surgery. Although regional ocular anaesthesia has been studied from several perspectives, knowledge about patients' experience of the procedure is limited.DesignAn interpretive qualitative research methodology underpinned by Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics.MethodsEighteen participants were interviewed in‐depth between July 2006–December 2007 following regional ocular anaesthesia. Interview data were thematically analysed by coding and grouping concepts.FindingsFour themes were identified: ‘not knowing’: the time prior to the experience of a regional eye block; ‘experiencing’: the experience of regional ocular anaesthesia; ‘enduring’: the capacity participants displayed to endure regional ocular anaesthesia with the hope that their vision would be restored; and ‘knowing’: when further surgery was required and past experiences were recalled.ConclusionsThe experience of regional ocular anaesthesia had the capacity to invoke anxiety in the participants in this study. Many found the experience overwhelming and painful. What became clear was the participant's capacity to stoically ‘endure’ regional ocular anaesthesia, indicating the value people placed on visual function.
Motor learning during social interaction: the role of social interdependence
Authors: Lungu Ovidiu V. , Debas Karen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMotor learning has mostly been studied in laboratory settings where participants execute the task alone, unlike in real life, where people perform activities together with others. Recent discovery of mirror neuron system (MNS)—linking perception of others' actions and execution of our own—makes the scarcity of studies on social aspects of motor learning even more peculiar. Here, we investigated motor learning during interaction with a partner. Participants engaged in 2 consecutive sessions executing the task alone or in pairs. We found that social interaction improved motor performance only when participants had prior individual experience with the task. This effect was amplified if subjects could first observe their partners' actions, suggesting that it may be mediated by prior MNS configuration.
Exploring the Causes of Accounting Restatements by Family Firms
Authors: Sue Shu‐Hui , Chin Chen‐Lung , Chan Ann Ling‐Ching 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrior research shows that family firms have better earnings quality than non‐family firms in common‐law countries and highly developed markets. In contrast, we do not find a significant difference in the financial reporting quality between family and non‐family firms in the context of a civil‐law system and less developed market. We show that the financial reporting quality of family firms is conditioned on: (1) the divergence between the controlling shareholders’ voting rights and their cash flow rights, and (2) the firm's reputation for integrity, while these two conditions do not explain the restatement likelihood for non‐family firms. Moreover, when accounting irregularities are detected in the case of family firms, they are associated with more serious accounting restatements. Together, these results imply that the severity of the conflict between ultimate and minority shareholders, and a lack of integrity, explain the propensity for making financial restatements among family firms in a regime characterized as having weak investor protection and concentrated ownership structures.
Executive Compensation: A Model of Disclosure Choice
Authors: Frantz Pascal , Instefjord Norvald , Walker Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecent public policy debates have led to increased calls for full transparency of executive compensation. However, in practice, many firms are reluctant to disclose the full details of how they link executive compensation to performance. One possible reason for lack of full disclosure is that managers use their power to hide the details of their compensation plan in order to disguise opportunistic rent extraction. If this is the reason for secrecy, then public policy designed to force firms to provide full disclosure is unlikely to be resisted by shareholders. However, another possible explanation for less than full transparency is that some degree of secrecy about executive compensation may be in the interest of the company and its shareholders. If this explanation is correct, then public policy moves to increase transparency may be met by counter moves designed to protect managers and shareholders from such policies.In this paper we investigate if full disclosure of executive compensation arrangements is always optimal for shareholders. We develop a model where optimal executive remuneration solves a moral hazard problem. However, the degree to which the moral hazard problem affects the shareholders depends on hidden information, so that disclosure of the executive compensation scheme will typically reveal the hidden information, which can be harmful to shareholders. The model derives, therefore, the optimal disclosure policy and the optimal remuneration scheme. We find that the shareholders are better off pre‐committing not to disclose the executive compensation scheme whenever possible. Executive directors are shown to be better off too in the absence of disclosure of executive compensation schemes. An argument for mandating disclosure is that it provides better information to shareholders but our analysis demonstrates that disclosure does not necessarily achieve this objective.The results suggest that less than full disclosure can be in the interest of shareholders, the reason for this being that disclosures cannot be made selectively to shareholders but will also be made to strategic opponents. This will be the case if the board of directors and the remuneration committee includes enough independent directors. Whether or not non‐disclosure to shareholders is in their interest is however an empirical matter involving a trade‐off between the proprietary costs associated with disclosure to shareholders and the costs of potential collusion between executive and non‐executive directors associated with non‐disclosure.
Rhythm‐Symptom Correlation in Patients on Continuous Monitoring After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: TONDO C. , TRITTO M. , LANDOLINA M. , DE GIROLAMO PG. , BENCARDINO G. , MOLTRASIO M. , DELLO RUSSO A. , DELLA BELLA P. , BERTAGLIA E. , PROCLEMER A. , DE SANCTIS V. , MANTICA M. 
Published: October 2013

Rhythm‐Symptom Correlation in Patients on Continuous MonitoringIntroductionCorrelation between symptoms and atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes after catheter ablation may have clinical relevance, especially for anticoagulation usage. The aim of our project was to analyze the relationship between symptoms and AF recurrences in unselected patients following AF catheter ablation during long‐term follow‐up.Methods and ResultsOne hundred and forty‐three consecutive patients (mean age 59 ± 9 years, 85% male) were implanted with a continuous cardiac monitor (RevealXT, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) following first pulmonary vein ablation procedure. Device data were downloaded every 3 months and correlated to patients’ symptom diary. AF was paroxysmal in 55% and persistent in 45%. At a mean follow‐up of 14 ± 6 months, 98/143 (69%) patients had at least one AF recurrence. Among these, 53 (54%) reported AF‐related symptoms while 45 (46%) were totally asymptomatic. Conversely, 13 (29%) out of 45 patients without AF recurrences reported symptoms. Globally, a significant reduction of symptoms (from 82% at baseline to 44% at last follow‐up; P < 0.0001) was observed. SF‐12 questionnaire showed a significant improvement of physical and mental functioning (respectively 44.5 ± 8.5 vs 51.0 ± 6.7, and 45.7 ± 9.3 vs 49.2 ± 6.1, P < 0.05 baseline vs last follow‐up). At the 12‐month follow‐up, 80% and 77% of patients were on AAD and anticoagulant drugs, respectively. There were not differences in AAD usage in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.ConclusionsContinuous ECG monitoring is a valuable tool for long‐term follow‐up after AF catheter ablation facilitating reliable assessment of symptomatic and asymptomatic AF episodes. This may have clinical implications with regards to anticoagulation therapy in high‐risk patients.
Catheter‐Tissue Contact Force Determines Atrial Electrogram Characteristics Before and Lesion Efficacy After Antral Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Humans
Authors: KUMAR SAURABH , CHAN MARTIN , LEE JUSTIN , WONG MICHAEL C.G. , YUDI MATIAS , MORTON JOSEPH B. , SPENCE STEVEN J. , HALLORAN KAREN , KISTLER PETER M. , KALMAN JONATHAN M. 
Published: October 2013

Catheter‐Tissue Contact Force Determines Atrial Electrogram CharacteristicsIntroductionElectrogram (EGM) characteristics are used to infer catheter‐tissue contact. We examined if (a) atrial EGM characteristics predicted CF and (b) compared the value of CF versus other surrogates for predicting lesion efficacy.Methods and ResultsTwelve paroxysmal AF patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation using radiofrequency (RF) ablation facilitated by a novel CF‐sensing catheter. Operators were blinded to CF. EGM amplitude, width, and morphology were measured pre‐ and post‐RF. At each RF site, average CF, force–time integral (FTI), impedance fall, time to impedance plateau, maximum power, catheter tip temperature, and total energy delivered were recorded. An effective lesion was defined based on previously validated EGM criteria for transmural lesions. There was a moderate correlation between CF and EGM amplitude (r = 0.19) and EGM width (r = −0.22). Pre‐RF, EGM amplitude, and width had modest to poor discriminative capacity for identifying preablation CF (e.g., EGM amplitude identified CF>20 g with sensitivity and specificity of 67% and 60%, respectively). Preablation CF, FTI, and total energy delivered during RF were the only independent predictors of effective lesion formation. Neither pre‐RF EGM amplitude/width nor power, temperature, and impedance changes during RF predicted effective lesion formation. An average CF >16 g or FTI >404 g*s had excellent sensitivity and specificity (>80%) for identifying an effective lesion.ConclusionsEGM characteristics do not reliably predict either CF before the onset of RF, nor do they predict the likelihood of an effective lesion. CF parameters were superior to power, temperature, and impedance changes during RF in predicting lesion efficacy.
Hospital Utilization in Adults with Single Ventricle Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: COLLINS R. THOMAS , FRAM RICKI Y. , TANG XINYU , ROBBINS JAMES M. , ST. JOHN SUTTON MARTIN 
Published: October 2013

Arrhythmia in Adults with Single VentriclesObjectivesThe study sought to identify the impact of cardiac arrhythmias on hospitalizations in adults with single ventricle (SV) congenital heart disease (CHD).BackgroundSurgical advances have dramatically improved survival in patients with CHD. Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are common in adults with CHD.Methods and ResultsData from 43 pediatric hospitals in the 2004 to 2011 Pediatric Health Information System database were used to identify patients ≥18 years of age admitted with International Classification of Diseases‐9th Revision codes for a diagnosis of either hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tricuspid atresia (TA) or common ventricle (CV), and a cardiac arrhythmia. Primary and secondary diagnoses, length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, and interventional procedures were determined. Multilevel models were used to evaluate differences in demographics, diagnoses, and clinical outcomes among the 3 subgroups (HLHS, TA, and CV). Interactions of charges with arrhythmia and admission year were examined using ANOVA. There were 642 admissions in 424 patients with SV CHD and an arrhythmia diagnosis. A single arrhythmia diagnosis was present in 454 admissions (71%). Total hospital charges were $80.7 million with mean charge per admission of $127,296 ± 243,094. The mean charge per hospital day was $16,653 ± 17,516 and increased across the study period (P < 0.01). Arrhythmia distributions were impacted by SV anatomic subtype (P < 0.001). Hospital resource utilization was significantly different among arrhythmia groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn adults with SV CHD, arrhythmias are affected by SV anatomic subtype and impact adversely upon hospital resource utilization.
Multilevel analysis of the association between posterior restorations and gingival health in young adults: a population‐based birth cohort
Authors: Demarco Flávio Fernando , Correa Marcos Britto , Horta Bernardo , Barros Aluísio J. , Peres Karen Glazer , Peres Marco Aurélio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of direct posterior restorations with gingival bleeding and dental calculus in young adults from a birth cohort.MethodsA representative sample (n = 720) of 5914 infants born live in Pelotas, Brazil, in 1982, were prospectively investigated, and posterior restorations and periodontal health outcomes assessed when they were 24 years of age. Tooth‐level exploratory variables included the presence and number of restoration's surfaces. Demographic and socio‐economic characteristics, oral health instructions, dental floss usage, dental caries presence and smoking were also considered whilst gingival bleeding and dental calculus were the outcomes. Multilevel logistic regression was carried out.ResultsClass I cavities were found in 15.2% (95% CI 14.5–15.9) of the teeth and class II in 3.6% (3.3–4.0). Percentage of teeth with gingival bleeding was 6.1% (5.6–6.6) and that with dental calculus 22% (21.2–22.8). Even after all the individual variables were controlled for, the presence of a class I [OR1.51 (1.14–2.00)] and class II [OR 1.76 (1.04–2.97)] cavities was positively associated with gingival bleeding. Class I [OR1.36 (1.13–1.65)] and Class II [OR1.80 (1.28–2.53)] cavities were associated with dental calculus also.ConclusionsPosterior restoration and higher number of restored surfaces was associated with a higher prevalence of gingival bleeding and dental calculus around the restoration.
Practitioner Review: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and the at‐risk mental state for psychosis in children and adolescents – evidence‐based management approaches
Authors: Tiffin Paul A. , Welsh Patrick 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundSchizophrenia spectrum disorders are severe mental illnesses which often result in significant distress and disability. Attempts have been made to prospectively identify and treat young people viewed as at high risk of impending nonaffective psychosis. Once a schizophrenia spectrum disorder has developed, prompt identification and management is required.MethodsThis article reviews the literature relating to the assessment and management of ‘at‐risk mental states’ (ARMS) and the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in children and adolescents. A systematic search of the literature was undertaken using EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO databases for the period January 1970–December 2012.ResultsEvidence suggests that young people fulfilling the ARMS criteria are at high risk of adverse mental health outcomes but that the majority do not develop nonaffective psychosis over the medium term. Although clinical trial findings have been inconsistent, psychosocial approaches, such as cognitive behaviour therapy, may reduce the risk of transition to psychosis and improve some symptoms, at least over the short term. The effectiveness of psychotropic medication for the ARMS is uncertain although there is accumulating evidence for potential adverse effects of antipsychotic medication, even at low dose, in this population. For the schizophrenias, clinical trial findings suggest that, as in adults, antipsychotics should be selected on the basis of side‐effect profile although clozapine may be helpful in treatment refractory illness. There are almost no studies of psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia in young people under 18, and some caution must be exercised when extrapolating the findings of adult studies to younger individuals.ConclusionsA stepped care approach to the ARMS in young people represents a plausible potential management approach for those at high risk of serious mental health problems. However, predictive models currently lack precision and should focus on accurately identifying those at high risk for a variety of poor outcomes who may benefit most from intervention. There is also an urgent need for age‐specific research in the area of psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with schizophrenia.