bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Cells in the Mucosa of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Produce Granzyme B and Possess Cytotoxic Activities
Authors: Cupi Maria Laura , Sarra Massimiliano , Marafini Irene , Monteleone Ivan , Franzè Eleonora , Ortenzi Angela , Colantoni Alfredo , Sica Giuseppe , Sileri Pierpaolo , Rosado M. Manuela , Carsetti Rita , MacDonald Thomas T. , Pallone Francesco , Monteleone Giovanni 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the gut is massively infiltrated with B cells and plasma cells, but the role of these cell types in the pathogenesis of gut tissue damage remains largely unknown. Human B cells express granzyme B (GrB) when cultured with IL-21, a cytokine overproduced in CD and UC mucosa. We therefore examined whether mucosal B cells express GrB and have cytotoxic activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GrB-expressing CD19+ and IgA+ cells were seen in the normal intestinal mucosa, but they were significantly more frequent in both CD and UC. In contrast, only a minority of CD19+ and IgA+ cells expressed perforin with no difference between IBD and controls. GrB-producing CD19+ cells expressed CD27 and were CD38high and CD20 negative. CD19+ B cells from IBD patients induced HCT-116 cell death. IL-21 enhanced GrB expression in control CD19+ B cells and increased their cytotoxic activity. These data indicate that IBD-related inflammation is marked by mucosal accumulation of cytotoxic, GrB-expressing CD19+ and IgA+ cells, suggesting a role for these cells in IBD-associated epithelial damage.
Graded Levels of IRF4 Regulate CD8+ T Cell Differentiation and Expansion, but Not Attrition, in Response to Acute Virus Infection
Authors: Nayar Ribhu , Schutten Elizabeth , Bautista Bianca , Daniels Keith , Prince Amanda L. , Enos Megan , Brehm Michael A. , Swain Susan L. , Welsh Raymond M. , Berg Leslie J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In response to acute virus infections, CD8+ T cells differentiate to form a large population of short-lived effectors and a stable pool of long-lived memory cells. The characteristics of the CD8+ T cell response are influenced by TCR affinity, Ag dose, and the inflammatory cytokine milieu dictated by the infection. To address the mechanism by which differences in TCR signal strength could regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation, we investigated the transcription factor, IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). We show that IRF4 is transiently upregulated to differing levels in murine CD8+ T cells, based on the strength of TCR signaling. In turn, IRF4 controls the magnitude of the CD8+ T cell response to acute virus infection in a dose-dependent manner. Modest differences in IRF4 expression dramatically influence the numbers of short-lived effector cells at the peak of the infection, but have no impact on the kinetics of the infection or on the rate of T cell contraction. Furthermore, the expression of key transcription factors such as T cell factor 1 and Eomesodermin are highly sensitive to graded levels of IRF4. In contrast, T-bet expression is less dependent on IRF4 levels and is influenced by the nature of the infection. These data indicate that IRF4 is a key component that translates the strength of TCR signaling into a graded response of virus-specific CD8+ T cells.
Linkage between Dendritic and T Cell Commitments in Human Circulating Hematopoietic Progenitors
Authors: Kyoizumi Seishi , Kubo Yoshiko , Kajimura Junko , Yoshida Kengo , Hayashi Tomonori , Nakachi Kei , Young Lauren F. , Moore Malcolm A. , van den Brink Marcel R. M. , Kusunoki Yoichiro 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The relationships between commitments of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells in human hematopoietic stem cells are not well understood. In this study, we enumerate and characterize conventional DC and plasmacytoid DC precursors in association with T cell and thymus-derived types of NK cell precursors among CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) circulating in human peripheral blood. By limiting-dilution analyses using coculture with stroma cells expressing Notch1 ligand, the precursor frequencies (PFs) of DCs in HPCs were found to significantly correlate with T cell PFs, but not with NK cell PFs, among healthy donors. Clonal analyses showed that the majority of T/NK dual- and T single-lineage precursors—but only a minority of NK single-lineage precursors—were associated with the generation of DC progenies. All clones producing both DC and T cell progenies were found with monocyte and/or granulocyte progenies, suggesting DC differentiation via myeloid DC pathways. Analyses of peripheral blood HPC subpopulations revealed that the lineage split between DC and T/NK cell progenitor occurs at the stage prior to bifurcation into T and NK cell lineages. The findings suggest a strong linkage between DC and T cell commitments, which may be imprinted in circulating lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors or in more upstream HPCs.
Identification of a Haemophilus influenzae Factor H–Binding Lipoprotein Involved in Serum Resistance
Authors: Fleury Christophe , Su Yu-Ching , Hallström Teresia , Sandblad Linda , Zipfel Peter F. , Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative human pathogen that resides in the upper respiratory tract. Encapsulated H. influenzae type b (Hib) and type f (Hif) are the most common serotypes associated with invasive disease. H. influenzae displays various strategies to circumvent the host innate immune response, including the bactericidal effect of the complement system. In this study, we identified an H. influenzae lipoprotein having the ability to bind factor H (FH), the major regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation. This protein, named protein H (PH), was surface exposed and was found in all clinical Hib and Hif isolates tested. Deletion of the gene encoding for PH (lph) in Hib and Hif significantly reduced the interaction between bacteria and FH. When Hib and Hif PH variants were separately expressed in nontypeable (unencapsulated) H. influenzae, which did not bind FH, an increased FH affinity was observed. We recombinantly expressed the two PH variants in Escherichia coli, and despite sharing only 56% identical amino acids, both FH-binding Haemophilus proteins similarly interacted with the complement regulator FH short consensus repeats 7 and 18–20. Importantly, Hib and Hif resistance against the bactericidal effect of human serum was significantly reduced when bacterial mutants devoid of PH were tested. In conclusion, we have characterized a hitherto unknown bacterial protein that is crucial for mediating an interaction between the human pathogen H. influenzae and FH. This novel interaction is important for H. influenzae resistance against complement activation and will consequently promote bacterial pathogenesis.
ARF6 Inhibition Stabilizes the Vasculature and Enhances Survival during Endotoxic Shock
Authors: Davis Chadwick T. , Zhu Weiquan , Gibson Christopher C. , Bowman-Kirigin Jay A. , Sorensen Lise , Ling Jing , Sun Huiming , Navankasattusas Sutip , Li Dean Y. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The vascular endothelium responds to infection by destabilizing endothelial cell–cell junctions to allow fluid and cells to pass into peripheral tissues, facilitating clearance of infection and tissue repair. During sepsis, endotoxin and other proinflammatory molecules induce excessive vascular leak, which can cause organ dysfunction, shock, and death. Current therapies for sepsis are limited to antibiotics and supportive care, which are often insufficient to reduce morbidity and prevent mortality. Previous attempts at blocking inflammatory cytokine responses in humans proved ineffective at reducing the pathologies associated with sepsis, highlighting the need for a new therapeutic strategy. The small GTPase ARF6 is activated by a MyD88–ARNO interaction to induce vascular leak through disruption of endothelial adherens junctions. In this study, we show that the MyD88–ARNO–ARF6–signaling axis is responsible for LPS-induced endothelial permeability and is a destabilizing convergence point used by multiple inflammatory cues. We also show that blocking ARF6 with a peptide construct of its N terminus is sufficient to reduce vascular leak and enhance survival during endotoxic shock, without inhibiting the host cytokine response. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of blocking ARF6 and reducing vascular leak for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, such as endotoxemia.
Gait Kinematics After Taping in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Chinn Lisa , Dicharry Jay , Hart Joseph M. , Saliba Susan , Wilder Robert , Hertel Jay 
Published: May 2014

Context:Chronic ankle instability is characterized by repetitive lateral ankle sprains. Prophylactic ankle taping is a common intervention used to reduce the risk of ankle sprains. However, little research has been conducted to evaluate the effect ankle taping has on gait kinematics.Objective:To investigate the effect of taping on ankle and knee kinematics during walking and jogging in participants with chronic ankle instability.Design:Controlled laboratory study.Setting:Motion analysis laboratory.Patients or Participants:A total of 15 individuals (8 men, 7 women; age = 26.9 ± 6.8 years, height = 171.7 ± 6.3 cm, mass = 73.5 ± 10.7 kg) with self-reported chronic ankle instability volunteered. They had an average of 5.3 ± 3.1 incidences of ankle sprain.Intervention(s):Participants walked and jogged in shoes on a treadmill while untaped and taped. The tape technique was a traditional preventive taping procedure. Conditions were randomized.Main Outcome Measure(s):Frontal-plane and sagittal-plane ankle and sagittal-plane knee kinematics were recorded throughout the entire gait cycle. Group means and 90% confidence intervals were calculated, plotted, and inspected for percentages of the gait cycle in which the confidence intervals did not overlap.Results:During walking, participants were less plantar flexed from 64% to 69% of the gait cycle (mean difference = 5.73° ± 0.54°) and less inverted from 51% to 61% (mean difference = 4.34° ± 0.65°) and 76% to 81% (mean difference = 5.55° ± 0.54°) of the gait cycle when taped. During jogging, participants were less dorsiflexed from 12% to 21% (mean difference = 4.91° ± 0.18°) and less inverted from 47% to 58% (mean difference = 6.52° ± 0.12°) of the gait cycle when taped. No sagittal-plane knee kinematic differences were found.Conclusions:In those with chronic ankle instability, taping resulted in a more neutral ankle position during walking and jogging in shoes on a treadmill. This change in foot positioning and the mechanical properties of the tape may explain the protective aspect of taping in preventing lateral ankle sprains.
Motion Alterations After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Comparison of the Injured and Uninjured Lower Limbs During a Single-Legged Jump
Authors: de Fontenay Benoît Pairot , Argaud Sebastien , Blache Yoann , Monteil Karine 
Published: May 2014

Context:Asymmetries subsist after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), and it is unclear how lower limb motion is altered in the context of a dynamic movement.Objective:To highlight the alterations observed in the injured limb (IL) during the performance of a dynamic movement after ACL-R.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:A total of 11 men (age = 23.3 ± 3.8 years, mass = 81.2 ± 17.0 kg) who underwent ACL-R took part in this study 7.3 ± 1.1 months (range = 6–9 months) after surgery.Intervention(s):Kinematic and kinetic analyses of a single-legged squat jump were performed. The uninjured leg (UL) was used as the control variable.Main Outcome Measure(s):Kinematic and kinetic variables.Results:Jump height was 24% less for the IL than the UL (F1,9 = 23.3, P = .001), whereas the push-off phase duration was similar for both lower limbs (P = .96). Knee-joint extension (F1,9 = 11.4, P = .009), and ankle plantar flexion (F1,9 = 22.6, P = .001) were less at takeoff for the IL than the UL. The hip angle at takeoff was not different between lower limbs (P = .09). We found that total moment was 14% less (F1,9 = 11.1, P = .01) and total power was 35% less (F1,9 = 24.2, P = .001) for the IL than the UL. Maximal hip (P = .09) and knee (P = .21) power was not different between legs. The IL had 34% less maximal ankle power (F1,9 = 11.3, P = .009) and 31% less angular velocity of ankle plantar flexion (F1,9 = 17.8, P = .004) than the UL.Conclusions:At 7.3 months after ACL-R, motion alterations were present in the IL, leading to a decrease in dynamic movement performance. Enhancing the tools for assessing articular and muscular variables during a multijoint movement would help to individualize rehabilitation protocols after ACL-R.
Introduction: Philosophie Anthropologique et Analyse Sociale
Authors: Borisenkova Anna 
Published: May 2014

Nous sommes heureux de vous présenter le quatrième numéro de Études Ricœuriennes/Ricœur Studies (ERRS). La conception de ce numéro a été largement inspirée par la Conférence Internationale des Etudes Ricœuriennes (International Conference on Ricœur Studies "New Perspectives on Hermeneutics in the Social Sciences and Practical Philosophy"), qui s’est tenue à l'École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Economiques à Moscou du 13 au 16 Septembre 2011.
The Best Laid Plans: Access to the Rajiv Aarogyasri community health insurance scheme of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Narasimhan H. , Boddu V. , Singh P. V. , Katyal A. , Bergkvist S. , Rao M. 
Published: May 2014

This paper is a qualitative assessment of a public health insurance scheme in the state of Andhra Pradesh, south India, called the Rajiv Aarogyasri Community Health Insurance Scheme (or Aarogyasri), using the case-study method. Focusing on inpatient hospital care and especially on surgical treatments leaves the scheme wanting in meeting the health care needs of and addressing the impoverishing health expenditure incurred by the poor, especially those living in rural areas. Though well-intentioned, people from vulnerable sections of society may find the scheme ultimately unhelpful for their needs. Through an in-depth qualitative approach, the paper highlights not just financial difficulties but also the non-financial barriers to accessing health care, despite the existence of a scheme such as Aarogyasri. Narrative evidence from poor households offers powerful insights into why even the most innovative state health insurance schemes may not achieve their goals and systemic corrections needed to address barriers to health care.
Validating Whole-Slide Imaging for Consultation Diagnoses in Surgical Pathology
Authors: Bauer Thomas W. , Slaw Renee J. 
Published: May 2014

ContextThe interpretation of scanned whole-slide images (WSI) offers some theoretical advantages for long-distance, consultative diagnosis in surgical pathology. Few WSI validation studies have focused on difficult consultation cases.ObjectiveTo test intraobserver variability of WSI interpretations in cases that had been submitted for consultation using the same hardware and software configuration selected by a client.DesignThe 217 cases (approximately 20 nearly consecutive cases received in consultation for each of 11 subspecialty groups) were scanned, uploaded to an image-distribution application, and interpreted by 26 pathologists who had reviewed the microscope slides an average of 47 days earlier. Independent pathologists identified and classified discrepancies between microscope slide and WSI diagnoses.ResultsThere were 2 major discrepancies (0.92%) and 8 minor discrepancies (3.7%). One major discrepancy reflected atypical versus nonatypical endometrial hyperplasia; the other related to reactive squamous changes versus carcinoma. Strengths of the study include the large sample size, the many pathologists involved, the degree of difficulty of the cases, and the duplication of scanning and software configuration projected to be used by a client. Although the average 43-day washout exceeds the 2-week interval recommended by an expert panel of the College of American Pathologists, an important limitation in this study was that pathologists commonly remember consultation cases for a long time.ConclusionOur results help support the safety and efficacy of WSI for surgical pathology diagnoses.
HIV case reporting in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East
Authors: Bozicevic Ivana , Riedner Gabriele , Haghdoost AliAkbar 
Published: May 2014

The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of HIV case reporting data for the year 2011 from the countries of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO EMR).Fourteen countries provided data for the year 2011 and reported a total of 4263 HIV cases of which 66.8% were men. The highest number of reported HIV cases in men per 100,000 population was in Oman (5.8), Somalia (5.5) and Iran (3.3), while in women in Somalia (7.6), Oman (3.9) and Morocco (2.4).In the majority of the countries, the most common reported mode of transmission was heterosexual. This could be due to under‐reporting of male‐to‐male transmission and more frequent testing of men than women.
Using O*NET to estimate the association between work exposures and chronic diseases
Authors: Dembe Allard E. , Yao Xiaoxi , Wickizer Thomas M. , Shoben Abigail B. , Dong Xiuwen (Sue) 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundA standardized process using data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) is applied to estimate the association between long‐term aggregated occupational exposure and the risk of contracting chronic diseases later in life. We demonstrate this process by analyzing relationships between O*NET physical work demand ratings and arthritis onset over a 32‐year period.MethodsThe National Longitudinal Survey of Youth provided job histories and chronic disease data. Five O*NET job descriptors were used as surrogate measures of physical work demands. Logistic regression measured the association between those demands and arthritis occurrence.ResultsThe risk of arthritis was significantly associated with handling and moving objects, kneeling, crouching, and crawling, bending and twisting, working in a cramped or awkward posture, and performing general physical activities.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the utility of using O*NET job descriptors to estimate the aggregated long‐term risks for osteoarthritis and other chronic diseases when no actual exposure data is available. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1022–1031, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoswitchable Formation of a DNA Interstrand Cross‐Link by a Coumarin‐Modified Nucleotide
Authors: Haque Mohammad Mojibul , Sun Huabing , Liu Shuo , Wang Yinsheng , Peng Xiaohua 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA coumarin‐modified pyrimidine nucleoside (1) has been synthesized using a CuI‐catalyzed click reaction and incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Interstrand cross‐links are produced upon irradiation of ODNs containing 1 at 350 nm. Cross‐linking occurs through a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with the opposing thymidine, 2′‐deoxycytidine, or 2′‐deoxyadenosine. A much higher reactivity was observed with dT than dC or dA. Irradiation of the dT‐1 and dC‐1 cross‐linked products at 254 nm leads to a reversible ring‐opening reaction, while such phenomena were not observed with dA‐1 adducts. The reversible reaction is ultrafast and complete within 50–90 s. Consistent photoswitching behavior was observed over 6 cycles of irradiation at 350 nm and 254 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of photoswitchable interstrand cross‐linking formation induced by a modified pyrimidine nucleoside.
Metall‐Substrat‐Wechselwirkung: Kombination von hochauflösender Mikroskopie und Modellsystemen, um die atomare Struktur von Grenzflächen aufzuklären
Authors: Willinger Marc G. , Zhang Wei , Bondarchuk Oleksandr , Shaikhutdinov Shamil , Freund Hans‐Joachim , Schlögl Robert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDie Untersuchung wohldefinierter Modellsysteme mit hochauflösender Rastersonden‐ und Elektronenmikroskopie ermöglicht einen detaillierten Einblick in die Beschaffenheit relevanter Grenzflächen in nanostrukturierten Katalysatoren. Dies wird hier anhand von Pt‐Nanopartikeln demonstriert, die auf einem Eisenoxid‐Träger aufgrund einer starken Wechselwirkung zwischen Metall und Substrat von einer dünnen Oxidschicht benetzt werden.
An Isolated Nitridyl Radical‐Bridged {Rh(N.)Rh} Complex
Authors: Gloaguen Yann , Rebreyend Christophe , Lutz Martin , Kumar Pravin , Huber Martina , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , Schneider Sven , de Bruin Bas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPhotochemical activation of [(PNNH)Rh(N3)] (PNNH=6‐di‐(tert‐butyl)phosphinomethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) complex 2 produced the paramagnetic (S=1/2), [(PNN)RhN.‐Rh(PNN)] complex 3 (PNN−=methylene‐deprotonated PNNH), which could be crystallographically characterized. Spectroscopic investigation of 3 indicates a predominant nitridyl radical (.N2−) character, which was confirmed computationally. Complex 3 reacts selectively with CO, producing two equivalents of [(PNN)RhI(CO)] complex 4, presumably by nitridyl radical N,N‐coupling.
An MRI‐Sensitive, Non‐Photobleachable Porphysome Photothermal Agent
Authors: MacDonald Thomas D. , Liu Tracy W. , Zheng Gang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPhotothermal therapy makes use of photothermal sensitizers and laser light to thermally ablate diseased tissues. Porphysome nanoparticles offer a nontoxic alternative to inorganic nanocrystals for the efficient conversion of light into heat. Mn3+ ions were incorporated directly into the building blocks of our porphysome nanoparticles, thus imparting MRI sensitivity while simultaneously improving photostability and maintaining high photothermal efficiency. Mn porphysomes are as photothermally effective as free‐base porphysomes and can rival gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Gd‐DTPA) for MRI contrast generation. Their MRI contrast generation, photothermal efficiency, and photostability are unprecedented for an all‐organic nanoparticle composed of a single functional component.
Computational Ligand Design for the Reductive Elimination of ArCF3 from a Small Bite Angle PdII Complex: Remarkable Effect of a Perfluoroalkyl Phosphine
Authors: Nielsen Mads C. , Bonney Karl. J. , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo date only three ligands are known to trigger the challenging reductive elimination of ArCF3 from PdII. We report the computational design of a bidentate trifluoromethylphosphine ligand that although exhibiting a generally ineffective small bite angle is predicted to give facile reductive elimination. Our experimental verification gave quantitative formation of ArCF3 at 80 °C within 2 h. This highlights the distinct effect of P‐CF3 in organometallic reactivity and constitutes a proof‐of‐principle study of computational reactivity design.
Targeted Protein Surface Sensors as a Tool for Analyzing Small Populations of Proteins in Biological Mixtures
Authors: Motiei Leila , Pode Zohar , Koganitsky Anna , Margulies David 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOptical cross‐reactive sensor arrays (the so‐called chemical “noses/tongues”) have recently been demonstrated as a powerful tool for high‐throughput protein detecting and analysis. Nevertheless, applying this technology to biomarker detection is complicated by the difficulty of non‐selective sensors to operate in biological mixtures. Herein we demonstrate a step toward circumventing this limitation by using self‐assembled fluorescent receptors consisting of two distinct recognition motifs: specific and non‐specific. When combined in an array, binding cooperatively between the specific and non‐specific protein binders enables the system to discriminate among closely related isoform biomarkers even in the presence of serum proteins or within human urine.