bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How many inflectional forms does a Somali verb have?
Authors: Nilsson Morgan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Somali verb is traditionally presented as having a quite large number of inflectional paradigms with, e.g., special negative forms and several kinds of subordinate clause forms. The complexity of traditional descriptions tends to overshadow important generalisations that would otherwise reflect a relative simplicity of the Somali verb system. The most important reasons for the abundance of paradigms are that forms, periphrastic constructions and their functions are not systematically differentiated, but also that the tonal accent and case marking are treated as parts of the inflection, instead of phrasal marking of syntactic or pragmatic functions. The aim of this article is therefore to suggest a simplified analysis and to define the minimal set of synthetic forms and analytical constructions that are necessary for the description of Somali verb inflection as well as the basic syntactic functions of these forms and constructions.
Approaching the Last Decades of Arabic Manuscript Culture (1870–1930): Materiality
Authors: Berthold Cornelius 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the late 18th and first half of the 19th century, print gained a permanent foothold in the Middle East and enabled the mass production of books in Arabic, Turkish, and Persian. As a consequence, handwriting gradually ceased to be the primary technology for making books. This article, the second of two, examines the materiality of a selection of Arabic manuscripts mostly made between 1870 and 1930 CE. It shows how scribes not only adapted to the availability of new types of pens or stationery when making their manuscripts, but also that some of them adopted layout choices and paracontent typical of printed books. Tradition and change are both visible in the objects that were analysed, and it is especially against the backdrop of a growing print industry in the Middle East that Arabic manuscript culture’s strengths and its ability to adapt emerge.
John Boorman’s “Excalibur” as a Quasi-Jungian and Eclectic Story of Arthurian Psyche
Authors: Toczyski Piotr 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For four decades John Boorman’s “Excalibur” has been either partially analyzed by scholars in Jungian categories or just described as a Jungian-inspired film in more general terms by film critics. The six-stage model of King Arthur’s personal and archetypal development in “Excalibur” was first published by Jungian analyst Al Collins in 1981, but remained unknown in mainstream scholarship. This article describes this significant absence and argues for a shift to significant presence, merging many Jungian approaches to “Excalibur” with Piotr Toczyski’s own depth-psychological vision of Boormanian quasi-Jungian Arthurianism. The scholars globally may get further inspiration to relaunch new interpretations of this classic Arthurian retelling in terms of dynamics of conscious and unconscious, meeting the shadow, coping with anger, underlying projections, withdrawal of projections as the moment of lysis similar to psychotherapy, and the self-awareness of archetypes. The process of projection withdrawal is the hero’s journey on its own, bringing some similarities with well-known Joseph Campbell’s post-Jungian model.
Jung’s Conceptualization of Synchronicity Theory and the Role of Astrology
Authors: Zeng Jingchao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Jung’s conceptualization of synchronicity has a relation to his engagement in astrology began in roughly 1906. Jung’s conceptualization of varieties of synchronistic experiences can be divided into non-divinatory and divinatory experiences. Among the divinatory sources, he overlooked the differences between I-Ching divination and astrology. His neglect caused a logical discrepancy in his early synchronicity theory. Forty-six years after his first engagement in astrology, his essay on synchronicity (1952) possesses a long section for his astrological experiment. In his astrological experiment, his problematic understanding of metaphysical and methodological issues behind the experiment led to the failure of his statistical part of the experiment. The case study part of it turns to support his meaningful chance version of synchronicity theory and leads to the acknowledgement of the standard version of synchronicity theory: meaningful chances.
Khe Sanh and Jung
Authors: Phillips Matthew T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper looks at the 2015 use of the Australian rock song Khe Sanh by far-right nationalist group Reclaim Australia and how it points to deeper archetypal dynamics at play, which are driving the appearance and behaviour of groups like this. Drawing from the work of Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung, I treat the song as an expression of the archetype of the fallen hero, who confronts darkness but cannot reintegrate back into the social world and, instead, remains fallen. As I discuss, this song resonates deeply with Reclaim Australia members because it reflects their own ideological conceptions of their place in the changing Australian nation. I use a Jungian archetypal approach because it allows us to explore the underlying psychic structure and instinctive patterns that drive the behaviour of groups like this. Where other approaches may simply focus on the behaviour, an archetypal approach goes much deeper, addressing the root of the behaviour.
Linguistic Variability across Four Generations of Basque Spanish Speakers
Authors: Gondra Ager 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present study uses the apparent-time construct to analyze cross-generational variability of the preverbal double negation construction (i.e., yo tampoco no voy a la fiesta ‘I’m not going to the party either’), traditionally cited as a regional characteristic of the Spanish spoken in the Basque Country. An acceptability judgment task and a semi-structured interview were carried out among four different age groups. The results show that speakers of the two older generations tend to accept and produce the regional construction significantly more than speakers of the two younger generations, who favor the Standard Spanish variant (yo tampoco voy a la fiesta ‘I’m not going to the party either’). It is suggested that this trend is mainly due to the participants’ different language contact situations (Thomason and Kaufman, 1988) and levels of formal education. Since older speakers grew up in a situation of shift via interference and with lower levels of formal education, they prefer the preverbal double negation construction, which was already a norm in the regional Spanish. However, younger speakers grew up in a language maintenance situation and have relatively high formal education levels, factors that have conditioned dialectal leveling in this case.
Maintaining the Ramesside Empire: Isotopic Evidence for Elite Migration to Upper Nubia under Pharaonic Rule
Authors: Spencer Neal , Binder Michaela , Buzon Michele , Woodward Jamie , Macklin Mark , Simonetti Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pharaonic Egypt ruled Upper Nubia (now northern Sudan) from around 1450 to 1070 BCE: previous research has demonstrated how co-opted local elites and descendants of earlier immigrants held senior administrative positions following the initial conquest. Strontium isotope data from 39 individuals buried at the colonial centre of Amara West, combined with archaeological and epigraphic evidence, enable us to demonstrate that elites continued to arrive from outside Nubia in the last 150 years of pharaonic rule, settling amongst long-standing communities. Migration to the occupied territory clearly remained a key component of the colonial project, at a time when indigenous Nubian material culture and practice had become more visible within the pharaonic towns. This pattern of immigration seems to have ceased following the pharaonic state losing control of the region.
Remarks on Ángel Pinillos’ Treatment of Global Skepticism in Why We Doubt
Authors: Walker Mark 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ángel Pinillos’ Why We Doubt offers an error theory for at least some versions of global skepticism: skeptical doubts are based on a faulty heuristic. Once this heuristic is replaced by a more apt principle inspired by Bayesian approaches to epistemology, the skeptical doubts are shown not to be motivated. I argue contra Pinillos that skeptical doubts may remain even if we grant the main line of Pinillos’ argument. Skeptical doubts might be generated by disagreement even when we accept Pinillos’ Bayesian inspired principle.
Rates of change and phylogenetic signal in Mixtec tone
Authors: Auderset Sandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite the abundance of tonal languages around the world, the diachrony of tone is still poorly understood, especially when compared to segmental sound change. This lacuna has contributed to the untested assumption that tones are inherently unstable and change unpredictably. This paper addresses the questions of whether tones change faster than segments and whether tones show less phylogenetic signal than segments in the Mixtec languages of southern Mexico. To this end, I created a database of tonal and segmental sound changes across a sample of 42 Mixtec languages. I calculated phylogenetic signal with the metric D and estimated rates of change with a hidden Markov model across a posterior sample of phylogenetic trees. The results show that the majority of tone changes show phylogenetic signal and that they generally do not change at a faster rate than segments.
Likelihood calculation in a multistate model of vocabulary evolution for linguistic dating
Authors: Rönchen Philipp , Wiklund Tilo , Hammarström Harald 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Computational methods of language dating make inferences about the divergence times of protolanguages by evaluating the patterns of inheritance in the vocabulary of modern languages, given the specification of a model of vocabulary evolution. We consider a model that describes vocabulary evolution as the replacement of traits by new traits from an infinite state space along a tree. This model has been introduced in previous literature but so far it has not been used in many applications. We give a general recursive algorithm for calculating likelihoods and argue that the model gives a more realistic representation of vocabulary evolution over time, compared to existing models like the Stochastic Dollo model. We also provide a case study demonstrating the model’s potential applications.
Abandoned, Lost and Otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear in the Eastern Caribbean: Barriers, Challenges, and Opportunities for Improved Governance
Authors: Lovell Tricia A. , Pastra Aspasia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing focus on filling critical knowledge gaps on the challenge of abandoned, lost, and discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) in the global ocean. While not the biggest contributor to the world’s marine debris problem, ALDFG has been shown to be a particularly deadly form of marine litter due to its ability to entangle, entrap, and ensnare marine wildlife, damage coastal habitats, and result in negative economic impacts to the fishing sector. In the Eastern Caribbean region, fisheries play a crucial role in ensuring livelihood and food security for vulnerable coastal communities. Therefore effective management interventions that are geared towards eliminating anthropogenic threats to the marine environment, including ALDFG are considered of paramount importance. This article aims to gain insight into challenges associated with the governance of ALDFG within the small-scale fisheries of the Eastern Caribbean with a view to outlining opportunities for improvement. A qualitative approach was utilized and interviews were conducted with fisheries and conservation experts from both national and regional-level institutions. The participants revealed that ALDFG was of significant concern for their country or the region and each advocated for the establishment of improved management infrastructure. Identified barriers that could impede this critical goal include limited human and financial capacity, lack of knowledge and understanding of ALDFG generally, lack of trust, and policy incoherence across sectors and between regional and national agencies. To overcome barriers, a multi-faceted approach is required, including regulatory and institutional improvements.
Artificial Intelligence and Foreign Investment Law Arbitration: an Analysis of Regulatory Framework Implications
Authors: Alenezi Atif M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a structured, tiered framework through a UNCITRAL Model Law to gradually integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into foreign investment law arbitration in an ethical and effective manner. It also explores the critical role arbitration institutions can play in facilitating AI implementation. It details how AI can assist arbitrators by searching vast datasets, automating routine tasks, and enhancing decision-making through analysis of previous cases. Current AI regulations in regions like the EU, UK, and Canada fall short in addressing the complexities of cross-border arbitration and ensuring interoperability. By emphasising the distinct contributions of the proposed UNCITRAL Model Law and arbitration institutions, the paper highlights a multi-faceted strategy to overcome challenges posed by outdated international conventions, inconsistencies in bilateral investment treaties, and the lack of comprehensive guidance. This approach aims to refine the integration of AI in arbitration processes, enhancing efficiency, fairness, and the legitimacy of the arbitration system.
A Haitian-Cuban Supercentenarian
Authors: Casey Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes the repetitive stories that Cuban journalists, community members, and others have told about Emilio Duanes Duvarcer, the Haitian who migrated to Cuba in his youth and allegedly lived to be 120 years old. Although underemphasized by international journalists, Duanes’s Haitian birth and history of migration were crucial to his claim of longevity, since they were responsible for the archival and cultural conditions that made his claim plausible and impossible to (dis)prove. However, the appeal of his story required transforming him into a Cuban through journalistic repetitions and statements, symbolically linking him to canonical moments in Cuban history. By analyzing repeated stories, their variations, and their slippages, this article provides insights into the racism that continues to affect Blacks and immigrant descendants in Cuba—not to mention efforts to challenge these stereotypes. It ends with reflections about which stories and identities are highlighted in Cuba’s burgeoning digital media landscape and which are overcrowded by traditional repetitions of Cuban revolutionary nationalism.
Jules Verne’s Use of Civil War Technology
Authors: Skrabec Quentin R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The U.S. Civil War was fought during an era of technological innovation and new inventions, including monster cannons, a dramatic evolution of ferrous metallurgy, iron-hulled and ironclad battleships, steel-hulled blockade runners, submarines, balloons, and even medical rubber implants. Indeed, the Civil War offered a Victorian-era engineering laboratory and proving grounds for future technology. Jules Verne proved to be a literary engineer applying the emerging science of the Civil War to his futuristic engineering tales. Verne used the advancing Civil War cannon technology for his futuristic moonshot; he foresaw the steel revolution in shipbuilding with the success of steel-hulled blockade runners of the Civil War; and he used steel for his science fiction submarines, ships, and machines to explore the oceans, the Arctic, Africa, and India. Verne chronicled, studied, and published about the Civil War and its technology in his works, which offer a new dimension for Civil War enthusiasts.
About the Role of Perceptual Psychology in Art History
Authors: Carbon Claus-Christian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Numerous challenges that arise in the field of art history require recourse to expertise in perceptual psychology. In addition to explaining the meaning that people attach to individual works of art and their content, the effect that arises in the recipient is essential to deciding whether the work of art could adequately represent a statement. In addition, with in-depth knowledge of the human act of perception, it is easier to understand what people can and cannot process, when, and how. Art and perception have always formed a unity, as a work of art has no meaning without perception. Artists often acted as intuitive psychologists who understood very well how human perception works and how certain effects can be achieved. Accordingly, art history, which is dedicated to art from a historical perspective, requires precisely this expertise in a systematic manner to adequately depict, describe, and explain the dimension of perception. The following programmatic paper aims to make clear why both disciplines should work closely together and shows what such fruitful paths of joint work could look like.
Species diversity, relative abundance, and habitat association of small mammals in Wenchi montane forests, central Ethiopia
Authors: Legese Kabeta , Bekele Afework 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A survey on the diversity, abundance, and habitat association of small mammals in Wenchi Highland, central Ethiopia, was carried out from August 2019 to January 2021. Small mammals were trapped at six different habitats (Hagenia Woodland, Erica Scrub, Qibate, Lakeshore, Erica, and Albesa Forests) using Sherman and snap traps in standard trapping grids. A total of 937 rodents belonging to 12 species (Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Desmomys yaldeni, Mastomys natalensis, M. awashensis, Stenocephaylemys albipes, Lophuromys flavopunctatus, L. brevicaudus, L. chrysopus, Dendromus lovati, Lophiomys imhausi, Graphirius murinus, and an unidentified murid rodent), and 22 insectivores belonging to 3 species (Crocidura bailey, C. fumosa and C. olivieri) were recorded. Hystrix cristata and Tachyoryctes splendens were also recorded through indirect evidence. About 52.9% of the identified small mammals were endemic to Ethiopia. A significant variation was observed in the captures of small mammals. The capture rate was higher in live traps (23.85%) than in snap traps (8.26%). The diversity and composition of small mammal species varied among habitats. The highest species diversity (H’=1.656) was recorded in Albesa Forest, while the lowest was in Erica Scrub (H’=1.409) and Qibate Forest (H’=1.407). However, after controlling for sampling effects, species diversity was the highest in the Erica Scrub (Fisher’s alpha=2.128) and the lowest in the Lakeshore Forests (Fisher’s alpha=1.318). The highest number of individuals was recorded in Lakeshore Forest (27.73%), whereas the lowest was in Erica Forest (3.96%). Mastomys natalensis (30.86%) and S. albipes (27.82%) were the two most abundant species, whereas L. imhausi (0.1%) was the least abundant one. Wenchi montane forests are essential homes for unique small mammals that need urgent conservation actions.
Medium and large-sized mammals in human-dominated landscape of the former Dhidhessa wildlife sanctuary, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Kenaha Tadese Endalu , Erena Mosissa Geleta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Assessment of medium- and large-sized mammals’ species diversity, abundance, distribution, and habitat association is necessary to promote their conservation measures. The study was conducted in the former Dhidhessa wildlife sanctuary (FDWS), to assess the medium- and large-sized mammals’ composition, distribution, and diversity. Transect lines were used to collect the data. A total of 1,146 ± 91 individuals belonging to 25 species, seven orders, and 14 families were recorded. Among these, 607 ± 186.5 (52.97%) were recorded during the wet season, whereas 539 ± 144.5 (47.03%) during the dry season. The order Carnivora was the most diverse one, followed by Artiodactyla and Primates, respectively, while Rodentia, Hyracoidea, Tubulidentata, and Lagomorpha were the least diverse orders. Olive baboon (Papio anubis) was the most abundant species (19.2%), followed by Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious) (17.63%) and Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) (13.18%). Species diversity was higher in the savanna-wooded than in the riverine forest during both the wet (H’ = 2.72, Fisher’s alpha = 6.33) and dry (H’= 2.79, Fisher’s alpha = 6.26) seasons. Species evenness was higher in the savanna-wooded habitat than in the riverine forest habitat during both the wet (J’ = 0.87 and J’ = 0.77, respectively) and dry (J’ = 0.9 and J’ = 0.80, respectively) seasons. The highest similarity in species composition was between the wet and dry seasons in the riverine forest habitat (SI = 85.58%). The lowest similarity was recorded between the dry and wet seasons of the riverine forest and the wet season of the savanna wooded habitat (SI = 45.46% and SI = 46.49%, respectively). The study suggests that mammals are at risk of anthropogenic factors in the area. So, an urgent conservation measure that involves the participation of the local community has paramount significance for the sustainable conservation of mammals in the former Dhidhessa wildlife sanctuary.
Valorisation of Tenebrio molitor beetles: enzymes-based bioprocessing to obtain a highly digestible protein hydrolysate
Authors: Muñoz-Seijas N. , Fernandes H. , Outeiriño D. , Morán-Aguilar M.G. , Domı́nguez J.M. , Salgado J.M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The biological valorisation of edible insects is an eco-saving approach that may increase their use for food and feeding purposes. Beetles of T. molitor are a direct waste of insect farms since their protein have a low digestibility. Currently, the degree of hydrolysis achieved with biological treatments are much lower than with chemical treatments. This work focused on the enzymatic hydrolysis of protein from T. molitor beetles using proteases. The obtained protein hydrolysate was evaluated regarding the digestibility and functional properties. Higher hydrolysis degree (HD; 47%) was obtained using a protease from Aspergillus oryzae, which efficiently separated protein from chitin. A full factorial design determined that a liquid:solid ratio (LSR) of 15 and an enzyme load of 3200 U/g increase HD up to 78%. The protein hydrolysate showed higher digestibility (77.3%) compared to beetles’ meal before (17.8%) and after defatting (25.7%). The protein hydrolysate showed a high antioxidant activity (462.1 ± 7.48 μmol TE/g DW), it was highly soluble at pH ranging between 3 and 9 and showed an emulsification activity and stability of 53.6% and 82.2%, respectively. Therefore, this bioprocess improved the use of beetles, obtaining protein with greater digestibility to be used as food.