bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDIVIDUAL LOSS RESERVING WITH THE MULTIVARIATE SKEW NORMAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Pigeon Mathieu , Antonio Katrien , Denuit Michel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe evaluation of future cash flows and solvency capital recently gained importance in general insurance. To assist in this process, our paper proposes a novel loss reserving model, designed for individual claims developing in discrete time. We model the occurrence of claims, as well as their reporting delay, the time to the first payment, and the cash flows in the development process. Our approach uses development factors similar to those of the well-known chain–ladder method. We suggest the Multivariate Skew Normal distribution as a multivariate distribution suitable for modeling these development factors. Empirical analysis using a real portfolio and out-of-sample prediction tests demonstrate the relevance of the model proposed.
The percentage of DHA in erythrocytes can detect non-adherence to advice to increase EPA and DHA intakes
Authors: Patterson Ashley C. , Metherel Adam H. , Hanning Rhona M. , Stark Ken D. 
Published: August 2013

Characterisation of long-term adherence to EPA and DHA intakes through biomarkers and dietary assessments has implications for interpreting the findings of long-term intervention studies. Adherence to dietary advice targeting an EPA+DHA intake of 1 g/d was examined over 1 year. Men and women (n45) received dietary advice to increase EPA and DHA intakes from seafood, nutraceutical (fish oil) or functional food sources, while a fourth group received combined advice. Blood biomarkers and dietary intakes of EPA and DHA were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention at weeks 4, 8, 12, 24 and 52. Assessment by 3 d diet records indicated that EPA+DHA intakes increased relative to baseline in weeks 4–52 following the seafood, nutraceutical and combined advice (advice group × time effect,P= 0·03). The percentage of DHA in plasma and whole blood and the percentage of EPA in erythrocytes, plasma and whole blood were higher in weeks 4–52 when compared with the corresponding baseline measurement. In contrast, the percentage of DHA in erythrocytes increased to a maximum at week 12 and returned to baseline levels in weeks 24 and 52 (time effect,P< 0·01). Measurement of the percentage of DHA in erythrocytes indicates that adherence was sustained during the first 12 weeks following the dietary advice, while other blood measurements of the percentage of EPA and DHA and dietary assessment suggest short-term increases in EPA+DHA intakes immediately before weeks 24 and 52. The percentage of DHA in erythrocytes characterises adherence to EPA and DHA intakes in long-term interventions.
From Class Solidarity to Revolution: The Radicalization of Arsenal Workers in the Late Ottoman Empire
Authors: Sefer Akın 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article introduces a bottom-up perspective to the history of the Revolution of 1908 in the Ottoman Empire by focusing on the experiences of workers in the Imperial Naval Arsenal (Tersâne-i Âmire) in Istanbul. Drawing mainly on primary documents, the article explores, from a class-formation perspective, the struggles and relations of Arsenal workers from the second half of the nineteenth century until the revolution. The Arsenal workers’ involvement in the revolution was rooted in their class solidarity, which was revealed in a number of ways throughout this period. The workers’ immediate embrace of the revolution was spurred by their radicalization against the state; such radicalization stemmed from the state's failure to solve the workers’ persistent economic problems, and its attempts to discharge them and replace them with military labor. The case of the Arsenal workers thus points to the role of working-class discontent in the history of the revolution, a dimension that has thus far been only minimally addressed in Ottoman historiography.
Probability Weighting and Employee Stock Options
Authors: Spalt Oliver G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper documents that riskier firms with higher idiosyncratic volatility grant more stock options to nonexecutive employees. Standard models in the literature cannot easily explain this pattern; a model in which a risk-neutral firm and an employee with prospect theory preferences bargain over the employee's pay package can. The key feature which makes stock options attractive is probability weighting. The model fits the data on option grants well when calibrated using standard parameters from the experimental literature. The results are the first evidence that risky firms can profitably use stock options to cater to an employee demand for long-shot bets.
Analysis and optimization of a wire actuated, single effect n-R robotic structure
Authors: Favetto Alain , Appendino Silvia , Battezzato Alessandro , Chen Fai Chen , Mousavi Mehdi , Pescarmona Francesco , Calafiore Giuseppe Carlo 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the kinematics and the optimization of a generic robotic structure composed by N serial rotary joints and actuated with a mono-directional tendon system. In the first part of the paper, the specific case that brought us to develop this study is introduced; the main motivations and the scenario with its specific constraints and design choices have been described.Since a complete and detailed analysis of an n-R serial structure with this kind of characteristics could not be found in the literature, the study of the kinematics and the parameter optimization of such a structure is treated as generally as possible, in order to make the procedure and the results applicable for any similar structure. Finally, in the last part, through the introduction of specific constraints and the definition of the parameters, the general analysis has been applied to the specific case of study: the preliminary study of a finger exoskeleton for an astronaut suit.
Function approximation technique-based adaptive virtual decomposition control for a serial-chain manipulator
Authors: Al-Shuka Hayder F. N. , Corves B. , Zhu Wen-Hong 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe virtual decomposition control (VDC) is an efficient tool suitable to deal with the full-dynamics-based control problem of complex robots. However, the regressor-based adaptive control used by VDC to control every subsystem and to estimate the unknown parameters demands specific knowledge about the system physics. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on reorganizing the equation of the VDC for a serial chain manipulator using the adaptive function approximation technique (FAT) without needing specific system physics. The dynamic matrices of the dynamic equation of every subsystem (e.g. link and joint) are approximated by orthogonal functions due to the minimum approximation errors produced. The control, the virtual stability of every subsystem and the stability of the entire robotic system are proved in this work. Then the computational complexity of the FAT is compared with the regressor-based approach. Despite the apparent advantage of the FAT in avoiding the regressor matrix, its computational complexity can result in difficulties in the implementation because of the representation of the dynamic matrices of the link subsystem by two large sparse matrices. In effect, the FAT-based adaptive VDC requires further work for improving the representation of the dynamic matrices of the target subsystem. Two case studies are simulated by Matlab/Simulink: a 2-R manipulator and a 6-DOF planar biped robot for verification purposes.
A Profile of Residents in Prairie Nursing Homes
Authors: Estabrooks Carole A. , Poss Jeff W. , Squires Janet E. , Teare Gary F. , Morgan Debra G. , Stewart Norma , Doupe Malcolm B. , Cummings Greta G. , Norton Peter G. 
Published: August 2013

RÉSUMÉLes maisons de soins infirmiers sont devenues des environnements offrant des soins complexes, dont les habitants ont des besoins importants et la plupart souffrent de la démence liée a l’âge. S’appuyant sur les recherches de Hirdes et al. (2011), nous décrivons un profil des résidents dans un échantillon représentatif de 30 maisons de soins infirmiers en milieu urbain dans les provinces des Prairies, en utilisant des données de L’Instrument d’évaluation des résidents/le recueil de données minimum (Resident Assistant Instrument – Minimum Data Set 2.0) de 5 196 évaluations résidents accomplies entre le 1ier octobre et le 31ieme décembre 3011. Les résidents avaient principalement plus de 85 ans, étaient des femmes, et souffraient d’une démence liée à l’âge. Nous avons comparé le soutien et les services connexes des établissements et les caractéristiques des résidents par province, par les modèles du propriétaire-gérant, et par le nombre d’unités dans une installation. Nous avons également constaté que les établissements publics ont tendance à s’occuper des résidents ayant des caractéristiques plus exigeants : notamment, la déficience cognitive, un comportement aggressif, et l’incontinence. Aucune tendance claire n’a été observée reliant le nombre d’unités dans un établissement aux caractéristiques des résidents.
Tai Chi’s Effects on Health-Related Fitness of Low-Income Older Adults
Authors: Manson James , Ritvo Paul , Ardern Chris , Weir Patricia , Baker Joseph , Jamnik Veronica , Tamim Hala 
Published: August 2013

RÉSUMÉOn a démontré que le Tai Chi peut influer positivement sur la condition physique liée à la santé (CLPS) des participants âgés, en leur offrant un moyen d’accoître la force musculo-squelettique. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner les effets de l’intervention de Tai Chi sur la forme physique, et de découvrir si ethnies culturellement étrangères au Tai Chi constituaient un obstacle à la participation à un programme communautaire pour les aînés à faible revenu. Soixante-dix-huit aînés d’origine mixte (55 ans et plus), qui n’étaient pas culturellement affiliés au Tai Chi, ont été recrutés pour cette étude. Les mesures de la condition liée à la santé ont été prises avant et après un programme de Tai Chi d’une durée de 16 semaines, avec sept séances par semaine. Des améliorations significatives en résultaient dans l’aptitude supérieur et inférieur musculo-squelettique ainsi que dans la flexion partielle parmi ceux qui pratiquaient le Tai Chi. Ces résultats suggèrent que le Tai Chi peut être efficace pour améliorer la CLPS, et que les ethnies non pas liées culturellement au Tai Chi n’éprouviaent pas un obstacle à la participation d’un échantillon de population âgée à un niveau socio-économique faible.
The Effect of Atomic Mass on the Physical Spatial Resolution in EBSD
Authors: Chen Delphic , Kuo Jui-Chao 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study, bicrystals of silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al) were used to investigate the physical spatial resolution of the electron backscatter diffraction system combining a digital image correlation method. Furthermore, the effect of the accelerating voltage and probe current was investigated on the physical spatial resolution of the lateral and longitudinal resolutions for Ag and Al, respectively. The lateral and longitudinal resolutions show high dependency on the accelerating voltage for a low atomic mass material of Al, In addition, these are almost independent of the accelerating voltage for a high atomic mass material of Ag. Moreover, the probe current does not play any role on both the lateral and longitudinal resolutions. The best lateral resolutions for Al and Ag are 40.5 and 12.1 nm at 10 kV and 1 nA, respectively. The best longitudinal resolutions of 23.2 and 80 nm were obtained at 10 kV and 1 nA for Al and Ag, respectively.
Quantification of Ridging in Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheets by Electron Backscattered Diffraction R-Value Maps
Authors: Lee Kye-Man , Park Jieon , Kim Sangseok , Park Sooho , Huh Moo-Young 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn ferritic stainless steel (FSS), undesirable surface defects of ridging appear during deep drawing. The formation of these defects is attributed to the inhomogeneous distribution of orientations of individual grains. In the present work, a new electron backscattered diffraction R(α)-value map was introduced, and the dependence of the tensile directions on the formation of ridging in an FSS sheet was discussed using this map. The results showed that large grain colonies in the R(α)-value maps lead to the formation of severe ridging in an FSS sheet.
Direct Observation of Cationic Ordering in Double Perovskite Sr2FeReO6 Crystals
Authors: Choi Si-Young , Lim Jong Bong , Ikuhara Yuichi , Suvorov Danilo , Jeon Jae-Ho 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTwo kinds of Sr2FeReO6 (SFRO) samples, pristine SFRO and Re-excess SFRO, were prepared and we visualized the local atomic structure in terms of cationic ordering in the prepared SFRO samples via high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). HAADF-STEM results demonstrated the high degree of cationic ordering maintains in both the pristine SFRO and Re-excess SFRO samples. On the other hand, defective structures such as antiphase boundary and Re-deficient phase were observed dominantly in the pristine SFRO, and thus the poor magnetic property in the pristine SFRO is attributed to those defective structures related with the frustrated Fe/Re ordering.
A Quantitative Evaluation of Microstructure by Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction Pattern Quality Variations
Authors: Kang Suk Hoon , Jin Hyung-Ha , Jang Jinsung , Choi Yong Seok , Oh Kyu Hwan , Foley David C. , Zhang Xinghang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBand contrast (BC) is a qualitative measure of electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), which is derived from the intensity of the Kikuchi bands. The BC is dependent upon several factors including scanning electron microscope measurement parameters, EBSD camera setup, and the specimen itself (lattice defect and grain orientation). In this study, the effective factors for BC variations and the feasibility of using BC variations for the quantification of microstructure evolutions have been investigated. In addition, the effects of the lattice defect and the grain orientation on the BC variations are studied. Next, a shear-deformed microstructure of 316L stainless steel, which contains nanosized grains and a large portion of twin boundaries, is revealed by BC map and histogram. Recovery and recrystallization of shear-deformed 316L stainless steel are displayed by BC variations during isothermal annealing at 700 and 800°C, respectively. It is observed that the BC turns bright as the shear-deformed crystal structure is recovered or recrystallized.
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Characterization of TANOS (TaN/Al2O3/Si3N4/SiO2/Si) Stacks
Authors: Park Jucheol , Heo Sung , Chung JaeGwan , Park Gyeong-Su 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe interfacial layer between the Al2O3 layer and the Si3N4 layer formed after postdeposition annealing (PDA) of TaN/Al2O3/Si3N4/SiO2/Si (TANOS) stacks was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). From the result of the TEM analysis, it was found that the 2-nm-thick interface layer between Al2O3 and Si3N4 layers was amorphous. The high-loss EELS analysis showed that the phases of the interfacial layer weakly bound together instead of the substoichiometric silicon oxide and amorphous Al2O3 near the bottom interface of the crystalline Al2O3. The low-loss EELS analysis showed that aluminum existed in metallic state at the interface. Therefore, we speculated that SiOxNy could be formed by oxidation of Si3N4 during PDA and that metallic aluminum could be formed by the decomposition of weakly bound amorphous Al2O3 during electron irradiation. These complicated reactions near the interface could induce oxygen deficiency in the Al2O3 layer and finally degrade the retention properties of TANOS stacks.
Enhanced Morphological and Thermal Stabilities of Nickel Germanide with an Ultrathin Tantalum Layer Studied by Ex Situ and In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lee Jae-Wook , Kim Hyung-Kyu , Bae Jee-Hwan , Park Min-Ho , Kim Hyoungsub , Ryu Jiho , Yang Cheol-Woong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe formation and morphological evolution of germanides formed in a ternary Ni/Ta-interlayer/Ge system were examined by ex situ and in situ annealing experiments. The Ni germanide film formed in the Ni/Ta-interlayer/Ge system maintained continuity up to 550°C, whereas agglomeration of the Ni germanide occurred in the Ni/Ge system without Ta-interlayer. Through microstructural and chemical analysis of the Ni/Ta-interlayer/Ge system during and after in situ annealing in a transmission electron microscope, it was confirmed that the Ta atoms remained uniformly on the top of the newly formed Ni germanide layer during the diffusion reaction. Consequently, the agglomeration of the Ni germanide film was retarded and the thermal stability was improved by the Ta incorporation.
Extraction of Quantitative Parameters for Describing the Microstructure of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Bae Seung-Muk , Kim Yong-Hoon , You Yil-Hwan , Hwang Jin-Ha 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDigital quantification of a two-dimensional structure was applied to a GDC(Gd2O3-doped CeO2)/LSM(La0.85Sr0.15MnO3) composite cathode employed for solid oxide fuel cells. With the aid of high-resolution imaging capability based on secondary and backscattered electron images, two-dimensional electron micrographs were converted to digital binary files using an image processing tool combined with the line intercept method. Statistical analysis combined with a metallurgical tool was employed to determine microstructural factors, i.e., volume fraction, size distribution, and interconnectivity. The current work reports the quantification of the two-dimensional structural images of GDC/LSM composites applicable to solid oxide fuel cells, with the aim of obtaining the volume fraction, size distribution, and interconnectivity as functions of composite composition. The volume fractions of the solid constituent phases exhibit compositional dependence in cathodes; however, LSM interconnectivity increases gradually as a function of LSM composition, whereas that of GDC decreases significantly at 50 wt% LSM.
Microstructural Analysis of Dehydrogenation Products of the Ca(BH4)2–MgH2 Composite
Authors: Kim Jong-Min , Kim Yoonyoung , Shim Jae-Hyeok , Lee Young-Su , Suh Jin-Yoo , Ahn Jae-Pyoung , Kim Gyeung-Ho , Cho Young Whan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe microstructural analysis of the dehydrogenation products of the Ca(BH4)2–MgH2 composite was performed using transmission electron microscopy. It was found that nanocrystalline CaB6 crystallites formed as a dehydrogenation product throughout the areas where the signals of Ca and Mg were simultaneously detected, in addition to relatively coarse Mg crystallites. The uniform distribution of the nanocrystalline CaB6 crystallites appears to play a key role in the rehydrogenation of the dehydrogenation products, which implies that microstructure is a crucial factor determining the reversibility of reactive hydride composites.
Perceptions of two therapeutic approaches for palliative care patients experiencing death anxiety
Authors: Sussman Joleen Carol , Liu William Ming 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:Evidenced-based psychotherapies are not well researched for palliative care patients experiencing unrelenting anxiety about dying, even less research is focused on young adult palliative care patients with death anxiety. The aim of this study is to provide preliminary data regarding potential clients' perceptions of using evidenced based treatments with dying populations who are experiencing death anxiety.Methods:104 college students were used as potential clients and randomly assigned to watch either a short video of a cognitive therapy (CT) session or of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) session focused on treating a young adult diagnosed with an acute lymphoid leukemia expressing death anxiety. After watching the video, potential clients rated the session impact of the therapy approach using the Session Evaluation Questionnaire.Results:No differences in ratings of session impact were found between potential clients who viewed the CT session and the ACT session. In regards to potential clients' views of session impact variables, their view of session smoothness was positively related to their post-session positivity, but inversely related to their view of session depth. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between potential clients' views of the therapist and session depth.Significance of results:This preliminary study suggests that palliative care patients expressing death anxiety may benefit from either ACT or CT for death anxiety, however, future research is needed to explore the usefulness of each approach. Findings of this study support the theory that ACT and CT are viewed to have a similar session impact in the palliative care population.
Understanding communication among health care professionals regarding death and dying in pediatrics
Authors: Harrison Julianne , Evan Elana , Hughes Amy , Yazdani Shahram , Federman Myke , Harrison Rick 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:Effective communication regarding death and dying in pediatrics is a vital component of any quality palliative care service. The goal of the current study is to understand communication among health care professionals regarding death and dying in children. The three hypotheses tested were: (1) hospital staff (physicians of all disciplines, nurses, and psychosocial clinicians) that utilize consultation services are more comfortable communicating about death and dying than those who do not use such services, (2) different disciplines of health care providers demonstrate varying levels of comfort communicating about a range of areas pertaining to death and dying, and (3) health care staff that have had some type of formal training in death and dying are more comfortable communicating about these issues.Methods:A primary analysis of a survey conducted in a tertiary care teaching children's hospital.Results:Health care professionals who felt comfortable discussing options for end of life care with colleagues also felt more comfortable: initiating a discussion regarding a child's impending death with his/her family (r = 0.42), discussing options for terminal care with a family (r = 0.58), discussing death with families from a variety of ethnic/cultural backgrounds (r = 0.51), guiding parents in developmentally age-appropriate discussions of death with their children (r = 0.43), identifying and seeking advice from a professional role model regarding management concerns (r = 0.40), or interacting with a family following the death of a child (r = 0.51). Among all three disciplines, physicians were more likely to initiate discussions with regards to a child's impending death (F = 13.07; p = 0.007). Health care professionals that received formal grief and bereavement training were more comfortable discussing death.Significance of the results:The results demonstrated that consultation practices are associated with a higher level of comfort in discussing death and dying in pediatrics.