bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Comparison of Three Locking Compression Plate Constructs from Three Manufacturers under Cyclic Torsional Loading in a Fracture Gap Model
Authors: Lai Lik Hang , James Daniel Reynolds , Appleyard Richard Charles , Cadman Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to compare the stiffness and cyclic fatigue of locking compression plate constructs from three manufacturers, DePuy Synthes (DPS), Knight Benedikt (KB), and Provet Veterinary Instrumentation (Vi), under cyclic torsion.
Methods The constructs of DPS, KB, and Vi were assembled by fixing a 10-hole 3.5-mm stainless steel locking compression plate 1 mm away from a validated bone model with a fracture gap of 47 mm. The corresponding drill guides and locking screws were used. Three groups of six constructs were tested in cyclic torsion until failure.
Results There was no significant difference in initial stiffness between DPS constructs (28.83 ± 0.84 N·m/rad) and KB constructs (28.38 ± 0.81 N·m/rad), and between KB constructs and Vi constructs (27.48 ± 0.37 N·m/rad), but the DPS constructs were significantly stiffer than the Vi constructs. The DPS constructs sustained the significantly highest number of cycles (24,833 ± 2,317 cycles) compared with KB constructs (16,167 ± 1,472 cycles) and Vi constructs (19,833 ± 4,792 cycles), but the difference between KB and Vi constructs was not significant. All constructs failed by screw damage at the shaft between the plate and the bone model.
Conclusion DPS constructs showed superior initial torsional stiffness and cyclic fatigue life than Vi constructs, whereas KB and Vi constructs shared comparable results. Further investigation is required to assess the clinical significance of these biomechanical differences.
A compact and portable gamma-ray spectrometer (GRASP) for inertial confinement fusion and basic science experiments
Authors: Dannhoff S. G. , Wink C. W. , Mackie S. , Berg G. P. A. , Frenje J. A. 
Published: August 2024

A compact and portable gamma-ray spectrometer has been designed to diagnose different components of the inertial confinement fusion-relevant γ-ray spectrum with energies between ∼3.7–17.9 MeV. The system is designed to be as compact as possible for convenient transportation and fielding in diagnostic ports on the OMEGA laser, the National Ignition Facility, and other photon-source facilities. The system consists of a conversion foil for Compton scattering in front of four magnetic spectrometer “arms,” each covering a different energy range and constructed out of cylindrical permanent magnet Halbach arrays. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to optimize and assess the performance of the conversion foil, and COSY INFINITY ion-optical simulations have been used to optimize the spectrometer magnets. The performance of the design is assessed for a simulated direct-drive γ-ray spectrum. Spanning its total γ-ray energy bandwidth and using a 1.7 mm thick boron conversion foil, the system’s total energy resolution and efficiency are ∼15.8%–4.5% and 5.4 × 10−7–3.7 × 10−7e−/γ, respectively, with room for improvement. Spectral γ-ray measurements will provide guidance to the inertial confinement fusion program toward achieving high-energy gain relevant to inertial fusion energy and enable new measurement capabilities for basic discovery science.
A Q-band frequency tunable Doppler backscattering (DBS) system for pedestal and scrape-off layer density fluctuation and flow measurements in the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Damba J. , Hong R. , Lantsov R. , Peebles W. A. , Rhodes T. L. 
Published: August 2024

We present the design and laboratory tests for a new Q-band frequency tunable Doppler backscattering (DBS) system suitable for probing poloidal wavenumber kñ = 6–8 cm−1 density fluctuations and their flow velocities in the pedestal and scape-off layer (SOL) of the DIII-D tokamak. This system will provide new measurements in the increasingly important and under-diagnosed far pedestal and SOL plasma regions. These results are important for experimental transport studies and necessary for the validation of transport models, both of which are important to fusion energy research. The use of a single tunable frequency reduces the complexity and potential failure points as compared to a multichannel system. This new system utilizes a 33–50 GHz tunable source and will be integrated into the current V-band DBS in DIII-D using a broadband Q- and V-band multiplexer. A full-scale mockup of the quasi-optical system was used to test and optimize the performance. These tests include beam profile measurements at different distances (and angles) from a paraboloidal focusing and steering mirror. The measurements cover the full frequency range 33–75 GHz of the integrated/combined Q–V band DBS system and target a large radial coverage of the low-field side of the plasma from ρ = 1.1 to ρ = 0.5, where ρ is the normalized flux surface radial coordinate.
Development and initial validation of a yes/no vocabulary test for North Sámi
Authors: Gyllstad Henrik , Kupisch Tanja , Lloyd-Smith Anika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper accounts for the development and initial validation of a yes/no vocabulary test of North Sámi called
North Sámi Vocabulary Test (NSVT). North Sámi (NS) is an Indigenous language spoken in northern Scandinavia. Being an endangered
language, NS is in need of revitalisation efforts. One contribution is the provision of proficiency assessment tools. We
administered a 75-item NSVT version (50 real verbs and 25 pseudoverbs) to users of North Sámi in Sweden and Norway
(N = 289). Evidence of high item- and person-based reliability and separation indices were observed, as well
as support for a number of validity facets. High correlations existed between NSVT scores and self-reported and rated spoken
proficiency. The NSVT provides quick and reliable assessment of vocabulary knowledge and an indication of overall language
proficiency in North Sámi.
Hate, prejudice and conspiracy theories
Authors: Beringuy Adriano , Alvim Leandro Guimarães Marques 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Internet serves as a dynamic and expansive space where numerous groups seek to exchange and disseminate their views. Some of those groups aim to promote hateful ideologies, bigotry, conspiracy theories while externalizing their anger. To achieve this, a spectrum of online platforms is utilized, ranging from mainstream social networks to underground forums. Notably, imageboards stand out as fertile ground where these ideologies flourish, due to anonymity, community engagement, and a plethora of hateful content. This study endeavors to examine the prevalence of bigotry in these spaces within the Brazilian context. Natural language processing algorithms provide the possibility to explore discursive features of massive text sets, extracting latent information and patterns in a relatively simple and automated way. This study shows how prejudice forms the basis of the different discourses found in Brazilian imageboards. Notably, these discourses not only echo historically rooted hateful ideologies but also assimilate conspiratorial perspectives and instances of bigotry emanating from non-Brazilian imageboards.
How quotation marks do mockery in online politicized discourse
Authors: Robles Jessica S. , Xiong Bingjuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes online comments responding to viral sociopolitical events in different languages, across
different social media platforms. We use discourse analytic methods to inspect how quotation marks are systematically deployed to
intensify denigrations of opposing political identities and positions in the context of political disagreements. We show how
quotation marks are used in situated online interactions to convey a skeptical, derisive stance toward quoted content while
positioning one’s reasonable perspective against an unreasonable, illegitimate other. This online discursive practice provides
insights into how ordinary politics are engaged (or rather, not seriously engaged) when people participate in
mockery in disputative online discourse.
X-ray circular dichroism measured by cross-polarization x-ray transient grating
Authors: Rouxel Jérémy R , Mincigrucci Riccardo , Fainozzi Danny , Masciovecchio Claudio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Measuring natural circular dichroism in the x-ray regime to extract stereochemical information from chiral molecules in solution remains a challenge. This is primarily due to technical limitations of the existing synchrotron sources, which hinder access to measurements of local chirality by exploiting core hole electronic transitions. In response to this challenge, we propose an alternative approach: utilizing XFEL-based cross-polarization x-ray transient grating (XTG). This method provides an indirect means to measure x-ray circular dichroism (XCD). Notably, our findings reveal that the signal emerges only once the excited cores have undergone dephasing through relaxation. XTG is now routinely measured in the XUV regime and has recently been made available for hard x-rays. Free electron lasers now offer polarization controls, and XTG can be extended to various polarization states for the two pump beams, making XCD measured by XTG feasible with the current state-of-the-art technology.
Anisotropy-driven magnetic phase transitions in SU(4)-symmetric Fermi gas in three-dimensional optical lattices
Authors: Unukovych Vladyslav , Sotnikov Andrii 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study an SU(4)-symmetric ultracold fermionic mixture in a cubic optical lattice with a variable tunneling amplitude along one particular crystallographic axis in the crossover region from the two- to three-dimensional spatial geometry. To theoretically analyze the emerging magnetic phases and physical observables, we describe the system within the framework of the Fermi–Hubbard model and apply dynamical mean-field theory. We show that in two limiting cases of anisotropy, there are two phases with different antiferromagnetic orderings in the zero temperature limit and we determine a region of their coexistence. We also study the stability regions of different magnetically ordered states and density profiles of the gas in the harmonic optical trap.
Ionization by radiative energy transport vs. impact ionization in energetic atomic collisions
Authors: Jacob A , Müller C , Voitkiv A B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We explore a mechanism for ionization in high-velocity (but not yet relativistic) collisions of light atomic particles, one of which being initially in an excited internal state. This mechanism is driven by the generalized Breit interaction and proceeds via radiative energy transport between the colliding particles which has an extremely long range. A comparison of this mechanism with those which are ‘standard’ for high-velocity collisions shows that it can play a noticeable role in collisions with excited target atoms.
Simulation of deflection and photon emission of ultra-relativistic electrons and positrons in a quasi-mosaic bent silicon crystal
Authors: E Ibañez-Almaguer Paulo , Rojas-Lorenzo Germán , Márquez-Mijares Maykel , Rubayo-Soneira Jesús , B Sushko Gennady , V Korol Andrei , V Solov’yov Andrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive numerical investigation has been conducted on the angular distribution and spectrum of radiation emitted by 855 MeV electron and positron beams while traversing a ‘quasi-mosaic’ bent silicon (111) crystal. This interaction of charged particles with a bent crystal gives rise to various phenomena such as channeling, dechanneling, volume reflection, and volume capture. The crystal’s geometry, emittance of the collimated particle beams, as well as their alignment with respect to the crystal, have been taken into account as they are essential for an accurate quantitative description of the processes. The simulations have been performed using a specialized relativistic molecular dynamics module implemented in the MBN Explorer package. The angular distribution of the particles after traversing the crystal has been calculated for beams of different emittances as well as for different anticlastic curvatures of the bent crystals. For the electron beam, the angular distributions of the deflected particles and the spectrum of radiation obtained in the simulations are compared with the experimental data collected at the Mainz Microtron facility. For the positron beam such calculations have been performed for the first time. We predict significant differences in the angular distributions and the radiation spectra for positrons versus electrons.
Magnetic field enhanced laser absorption on a metallic surface incorporated with shape-dependent nanostructures
Authors: Simon Moses , Chauhan Prashant 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This communication proposes an analytical model to investigate the nanoparticle-based nonlinear absorption phenomenon associated with an obliquely incident p-polarized laser beam on a metallic surface. In this scheme, the surface is ingrained with noble-metal spherical nanoparticles and cylindrical nanoparticles in the presence of an external static magnetic field. The absorption of laser energy in the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) is attributed to surface plasmon resonance and enhanced magnetic-field effects. The absorption phenomenon is significantly enhanced by the incorporation of nanostructures and a magnetic field. The ellipticity characterizing parameter, which significantly influences the resonant frequency of different nanometric structures, has also been analysed and discussed. The effects of varying the magnetic field intensity, incident angle, size, and spacing of the NP were examined to determine their influence on the anomalous absorption of the laser. Furthermore, a direct dependency was found between the absorption coefficient and transmission coefficient of the incident laser, as well as the dimensions of the NPs. Several applications have direct relevance to this study, including biosensors such as DNA sensors and immunosensors, photothermal therapy, photoacoustic imaging, optoelectronic devices, solar cells, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Vibronics of multi-material nanopillared membranes and impact on the thermal conductivity
Authors: Yang Lina , Hussein Mahmoud I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Atomic motion in nanopillars standing on the surface of a silicon membrane generates vibrons, which are wavenumber-independent phonons that act as local resonances. These vibrons couple with the vast majority of the phonon population, including heat-carrying phonons, traveling along the base membrane causing a reduction in the in-plane lattice thermal conductivity. In this work, we examine isolated silicon and gallium nitride nanopillars and for each compare the vibrons density of states (DOS) to those of phonons in an isolated version of the silicon membrane. We show that while the conformity of the phonon-vibron DOS distribution between the two components across the full spectrum is a key factor in reducing the thermal conductivity of the assembled nanostructure, the presence of an intense vibron population at more dominant low frequencies plays a competing role. We report predictions from molecular dynamics simulations showing lower thermal conductivities for a silicon membrane with gallium-nitride nanopillars compared to a silicon membrane with silicon nanopillars.
Design and experiment of a lightweight cloud particle imager
Authors: Cai Lele , Liu Lei , Zeng Qingwei , Wang Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Accurate in-situ measurement of cloud microphysical parameters such as particle diameter, number concentration and droplet spectrum distribution are of great significance in cloud physics, climate change, numerical weather forecasting and weather modification. This work describes the design and characterization of a newly developed in situ measurement instrument for cloud and fog named lightweight cloud particle imager (LCPI). The basic measurement principle of LCPI is based on scattering light imaging of particles in a dark field. A ring LED lighting source was designed to improve the image quality. Field measurements were carried out at a high-altitude research station on Lushan Mountain. The measured size distributions showed good agreement with parallel measurements of a cloud droplet spectrometer (fog monitor-120). The field data also showed that LCPI was able to measure the size distribution of cloud droplets from 5 to 300 μm with a high spatial resolution. In addition, another observation experiment carried out in the Tuli River weather station showed that LCPI also had the ability to acquire clear images of ice crystal particles larger than 10 μm. Thus, LCPI provides an opportunity to simultaneously quantify the microphysical structure of different cloud types.
Research on traffic sign detection algorithm based on improved SSD in complex environments
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Wei , Wang Wanqi , Li Xinlong , Zhang Anyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In complex traffic sign environments, detection challenges include uneven size distribution, insufficient valid information, and difficulties in identifying targets under resource constraints, leading to missed and false detections. This study proposes an enhanced lightweight traffic sign detection algorithm based on single shot multibox detector (SSD). By replacing the original backbone network with MobileNetV2, the model is streamlined to have fewer parameters, which improves generalization in complex environments. This modification significantly boosts the recall rate, achieving a better balance between precision and recall. By introducing the feature pyramid network combined with the convolutional block attention module attention mechanism, the detailed and semantic information between deep and shallow layers is fully integrated, reducing the loss of feature information, thus enhancing the strengthening of key information of traffic signs and the adaptability to different scales of traffic signs. Finally, by integrating the cross-attention mechanism, the algorithm’s anti-interference ability in complex environments is improved, and the positioning accuracy of traffic signs is enhanced by capturing the dependency between different positions. Through ablation experiments and comparative experiments on a public traffic sign dataset, our improved SSD algorithm achieved an mean average precision (mAP) of 89.97%. Compared with the original algorithm, the mAP increased by 12.41%, the recall rate increased by 18.38%, and the sum of precision and recall F1 increased by 14.6%. These improvements significantly enhance the performance of traffic sign detection in complex environments, thereby meeting the performance requirements of traffic sign detection.
A quantum artificial bee colony algorithm based on quantum walk for the 0–1 knapsack problem
Authors: Huang Yuwei , Zhou Tianai , Xu Gang , Wang Lefeng , Lu Yong , Ma Li , Zhang Kejia , Chen Xiu-bo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on the characteristics of the quantum mechanism, a novel quantum walk artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to promote performance. Firstly, the discrete quantum walk is an approach taken to search for new food sources in the updated phase for employed bees and onlooker bees, which can enhance the probability of the target solution to extend the exploration capability. Secondly, the food source selection policy of the onlooker bees changes, from roulette selection to tournament selection, to boost exploitation and convergence speed. Finally, the novel algorithm is brought forward, along with the approach to analyze 0–1 knapsack problems. The experimental results prove that our algorithm can overcome the premature phenomenon and perform better in the areas of search capability, convergence speed, and stability performance. The performance is superior to that of the conventional artificial bee colony algorithm, as well as the genetic algorithm, in a set of 0–1 knapsack problems.
Superconductivity investigation of (Bi, Pb)-2223 added with different nanoferrites and their composites
Authors: Najem Ahmad , Habanjar K , Awad R , Anas M , Matar M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, the impact of different types of nanoferrites additions of Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 and Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19 nanoparticles and their nanocomposite of (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4)0.5 (Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19)0.5 on the structural and normal state resistivity of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10, ((Bi,Pb)-2223) superconducting phase were systematically investigated. The samples were synthesised using high purity oxide powders via a solid-state reaction approach. Based on the Rietveld analysis of x-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the tetragonal structure of (Bi,Pb)-2223 was established to be the predominant phase for all composite samples of the three nano-additions’ contents. However, a little change to the lattice parameters (

a

and

c

) was obtained. Furthermore, the small amounts (0.04 wt%) of Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19 and (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4)0.5(Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19)0.5 improved the development of the (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase. The volume fraction of the (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase increased from 86.47% to 88.73% and 88.69%, respectively. Then, it declined to 74.25% and 71.48% upon rising x to 0.40 wt%, respectively, as well as for Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles up to 0.40 wt%. SEM images verify the host superconducting matrix’s granular structure for all three nanoadditions up to 0.40 wt%. The existence of three nano additions in the host superconductor matrix is verified by employing energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The measurements for the resistivity dependency of temperature presented that, as compared to the pure sample (Tc = 108.67 K), the nano-(Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4)
x
added in the (Bi,Pb)-2223 phase exhibits more negative impact than it is with the other two additions. In contrast, the nano-(Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19)
x
has the highest value of Tc with a value of 110.95 K at x = 0.04 wt%. Furthermore, the superconducting transition width (∆Tc) improved for all composite samples except for the sample at x = 0.04 wt%, for Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19 and (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4)0.5 (Ba0.4Sr0.4 Ca0.2Fe12O19)0.5 which showed the sharpest transition width. This suggests that their addition is anticipated to act as artificial pinning centers and strengthen the coupling between the grains in the (Bi,Pb)-2223 ceramic.
Weak lensing constraints on dark matter-baryon interactions with 𝖭-body simulations and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zu Lei , Chen Hou-Zun , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the elastic scattering cross section between dark matter and protons using the DES Year 3 weak lensing data.
This scattering induces a dark acoustic oscillation structure in the matter power spectra.
To address non-linear effects at low redshift, we utilize principal component analysis alongside a limited set of N-body simulations,
improving the reliability of our matter power spectrum prediction.
We further perform a robust Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis
to derive the upper bounds on the DM-proton elastic scattering cross-section,
assuming different velocity dependencies.
Our results, presented as the first Frequentist upper limits, are compared with the ones obtained by Bayesian approach.
Compared with the upper limits derived from the Planck cosmic microwave background data,
our findings from DES Year 3 data exhibit improvements of up to a factor of five.
In addition, we forecast the future sensitivities of the China Space Station Telescope,
the upcoming capabilities of this telescope could improve the current limits by approximately one order of magnitude.