bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caenorhabditis elegans germ granules accumulate hundreds of low translation mRNAs with no systematic preference for germ cell fate regulators
Authors: Scholl Alyshia , Liu Yihong , Seydoux Geraldine 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
In animals with germ plasm, embryonic germline precursors inherit germ granules, condensates proposed to regulate mRNAs coding for germ cell fate determinants. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mRNAs are recruited to germ granules by MEG-3, a sequence non-specific RNA-binding protein that forms stabilizing interfacial clusters on germ granules. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we confirmed that 441 MEG-3-bound transcripts are distributed in a pattern consistent with enrichment in germ granules. Thirteen are related to transcripts reported in germ granules in Drosophila or Nasonia. The majority, however, are low-translation maternal transcripts required for embryogenesis that are not maintained preferentially in the nascent germline. Granule enrichment raises the concentration of certain transcripts in germ plasm but is not essential to regulate mRNA translation or stability. Our findings suggest that only a minority of germ granule-associated transcripts contribute to germ cell fate in C. elegans and that the vast majority function as non-specific scaffolds for MEG-3.
Mycb and Mych stimulate Müller glial cell reprogramming and proliferation in the uninjured and injured zebrafish retina
Authors: Lee Mi-Sun , Jui Jonathan , Sahu Aresh , Goldman Daniel 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
In the injured zebrafish retina, Müller glial cells (MG) reprogram to adopt retinal stem cell properties and regenerate damaged neurons. The strongest zebrafish reprogramming factors might be good candidates for stimulating a similar regenerative response by mammalian MG. Myc proteins are potent reprogramming factors that can stimulate cellular plasticity in differentiated cells; however, their role in MG reprogramming and retina regeneration remains poorly explored. Here, we report that retinal injury stimulates mycb and mych expression and that, although both Mycb and Mych stimulate MG reprogramming and proliferation, only Mych enhances retinal neuron apoptosis. RNA-sequencing analysis of wild-type, mychmut and mycbmut fish revealed that Mycb and Mych regulate ∼40% and ∼16%, respectively, of the genes contributing to the regeneration-associated transcriptome of MG. Of these genes, those that are induced are biased towards regulation of ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and cell division, which are the top cellular processes affected by retinal injury, suggesting that Mycb and Mych are potent MG reprogramming factors. Consistent with this, forced expression of either of these proteins is sufficient to stimulate MG proliferation in the uninjured retina.
Outcome of Patients with Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer Who Have Subsequent Pregnancies
Authors: Doll Alissa , Lipsyc-Sharf Marla , Sim Myung Shin , Baker Jennifer L. , Kapoor Nimmi S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
After treatment of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC), some women desire future pregnancy. While safety of pregnancy after breast cancer has been demonstrated, the same cannot be said about women with PABC.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and outcomes of patients with PABC with subsequent pregnancies compared with those without another pregnancy.

Methods
A retrospective chart review identified patients diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy or within 5 years postpartum between 2011 and 2023. Patients were then screened for further pregnancy. Clinicopathologic variables, oncologic outcomes, and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. The Chi-square test and t-test were used to compare patients with subsequent pregnancy with those without. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to estimate 5-year disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
Overall, 75 patients with PABC were identified, 58 of whom had PABC and no further pregnancies (NSP-PABC) and 17 with subsequent pregnancy (SP-PABC). Compared with patients with NSP-PABC, patients with SP-PABC were significantly younger (p = 0.015) and less likely to have prior pregnancies (p < 0.001). Overall median follow-up was 4.3 years. Calculated 5-year DFS rates were 86.2% and 89.0% for the SP-PABC and NSP-PABC groups, respectively (p = 0.76). Calculated 5-year overall survival was 100% and 90.7% for the SP-PABC and NSP-PABC groups, respectively (p = 0.22). Within the SP-PABC group, 14/17 patients had successful deliveries.

Conclusions
This study provides the first descriptions of patients with PABC and subsequent pregnancy. Additional investigation, likely with pooled analysis from multiple institutions, is necessary to determine the oncologic and obstetric safety of pregnancy following PABC.
Clinical efficacy, bone density, and follow-up in implant and orthodontic treatment for inclined adjacent teeth
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhou Shun-Cheng , Ma Yi-Hui , Wang Xiang , Dong Qing-Shan 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Tooth defects can cause elongation of occlusal teeth, leading to insufficient repair space. The combination of dental implant restoration and orthodontic treatment of oblique adjacent teeth has a significant therapeutic effect.
AIM
To explore clinical efficacy, bone density, and follow-up of implant and orthodontic treatment for patients with inclined adjacent teeth.
METHODS
In total, 98 patients with oblique adjacent teeth were randomly assigned to implant restoration combined with orthodontic treatment (group A, n = 49) or to receive implant restoration alone (group B, n = 49). Changes in alveolar ridge bone density and apical bone density were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. Changes in chewing function and language function were compared between the two groups of patients. Follow-up lasted for 12 mo after repair to observe any adverse reactions in the oral cavity.
RESULTS
The clinical effective rates of group A and group B were 97.96% and 85.71%, respectively, with group A having a higher clinical effective rate than group B. After treatment, the bone density of the alveolar ridge and apical bone in both groups decreased compared to before treatment, while the chewing and language functions improved. The changes in various indicators in group A were more significant. After treatment, the satisfaction rate of group A (97.96%) was higher than that of group B (79.59%). The incidence of adverse reactions in group A (2.04%) was lower than that in group B (24.49%).
CONCLUSION
The amalgamation of implant restoration and orthodontic treatment for adjacent tilted teeth demonstrates notable clinical efficacy, diminishes alveolar bone resorption, and fosters patient functional rehabilitation while exhibiting negligible adverse reactions.
Progression From Discrete Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors to Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing in the Railway Industry
Authors: Lee Kang-Kuen 
Published: July 2024

Electromagnetic interference is abundant in railways and conventional sensors would require lots of filtering. With FBG sensors no filtering is required and ideal for the monitoring of mission critical systems in the railways. Will report on the successful applications of FBG sensors for CBM in the railways.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Developing a fall prevention program in an inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation unit: A participatory action research study
Authors: Rahimi Shoeleh , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Ebadi Abbas , Mohammadian Batol , Eghbali Mohammad , habibzadeh Fatemeh 
Published: July 2024

Importance
Spinal cord injury is a lifelong disability necessitating early management of falls during inpatient admissions. However, there is a paucity of research on fall prevention and management in Spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

Objective(s)
This study aimed at developing a fall prevention program in an inpatient rehabilitation Spinal cord injury unit.

Method
A participatory action research approach utilizing a before-and-after, mixed-method design was employed for this study. The study was performed at Rofaydeh Rehabilitation Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. the study implemented Cohen’s four-stage model, encompassing the design of a change program, action, observation and evaluation, and feedback stages. A purposeful sampling method was utilized to select 19 nurses and members of the rehabilitation team from the hospital, ensuring maximum diversity. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a checklist for fall prevention measures. Qualitative content analysis, alongside descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-tests and Chi-square tests), were employed for data analysis. The study adhered to COREQ guidelines.

Results
Falls were most common among patients aged fifty years or older (P = 0.026). Throughout the study period, men were more likely to experience falls than women (P = 0.01). Preventive interventions have led to significant improvements in indicators of patient monitoring and care, patient education, and environmental safety, as demonstrated by a paired-sample t-test (P<0.001). Moreover, factors contributing to patients’ falls included "shortcomings in fall prevention policies" and "lack of knowledge and participation among patients and caregivers." Changes implemented in the Spinal Cord Injury unit involved enhancing interprofessional interactions, conducting educational workshops for patients and their companions, and identifying high-risk patients. These findings indicate a significant decrease in the incidence of falls following the intervention (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
The study found that a multifaceted intervention can increase knowledge about fall risks and substantially reduce both falls and associated minor injuries.
Comparing the efficacy of dexamethasone implant and anti-VEGF for the treatment of macular edema: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Hui-xin , Li Jing-jing , Yuan Ying , Ling Yun , Mei Zubing , Zou Hong 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone (DEX) implant, for the treatment of macular edema (ME) caused by retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were comprehensively searched from inception to November 21, 2022, for studies evaluating the clinical efficacy of DEX implant for patients with retinal vein occlusion macular edema (RVO-ME) or diabetic macular edema (DME). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English were considered eligible. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was applied to assess the risk of bias in each study. Effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random effects model. We also conducted subgroup analyses to explore the sources of heterogeneity and the stability of the results.

Results
This meta-analysis included 8 RCTs (RVO-ME [n = 2] and DME [n = 6]) assessing a total of 336 eyes. Compared with anti-VEGF therapy, DEX implant treatment achieved superior outcomes in terms of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (mean difference [MD] = -3.68 ([95% CI, -6.11 to -1.25], P = 0.003), and no heterogeneity was observed (P = 0.43, I2 = 0%). DEX implant treatment also significantly reduced central macular thickness (CMT) compared with anti-VEGF treatment (MD = -31.32 [95% CI, -57.92 to -4.72], P = 0.02), and there was a high level of heterogeneity between trials (P = 0.04, I2 = 54%). In terms of severe adverse events, DEX implant treatment had a higher risk of elevated intraocular pressure than anti-VEGF therapy (RR = 6.98; 95% CI: 2.16 to 22.50; P = 0.001), and there was no significant difference in cataract progression between the two groups (RR = 1.83; 95% CI: 0.63 to 5.27, P = 0.31).

Conclusions
Compared with anti-VEGF therapy, DEX implant treatment is more effective in improving BCVA and reducing ME. Additionally, DEX implant treatment has a higher risk of elevated intraocular pressure. Due to the small number of studies and the short follow-up period, the results should be interpreted with caution. The long-term effects of the two treatments need to be further determined.

Trial registration
Prospero Registration Number CRD42021243185.
The utility of intraoperative ultrasonography for spinal cord surgery
Authors: Park Hangeul , Kim Jun-Hoe , Lee Chang-Hyun , Kim Sum , Kim Young-Rak , Kim Kyung-Tae , Kim Ji-hoon , Rhee John M. , Jo Woo-Young , Oh Hyongmin , Park Hee-Pyoung , Kim Chi Heon 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) offers the advantage of providing real-time imaging features, yet it is not generally used. This study aims to discuss the benefits of utilizing IOUS in spinal cord surgery and review related literature.

Materials and methods
Patients who underwent spinal cord surgery utilizing IOUS at a single institution were retrospectively collected and analyzed to evaluate the benefits derived from the use of IOUS.

Results
A total of 43 consecutive patients were analyzed. Schwannoma was the most common tumor (35%), followed by cavernous angioma (23%) and ependymoma (16%). IOUS confirmed tumor extent and location before dura opening in 42 patients (97.7%). It was particularly helpful for myelotomy in deep-seated intramedullary lesions to minimize neural injury in 13 patients (31.0% of 42 patients). IOUS also detected residual or hidden lesions in 3 patients (7.0%) and verified the absence of hematoma post-tumor removal in 23 patients (53.5%). In 3 patients (7.0%), confirming no intradural lesions after removing extradural tumors avoided additional dural incisions. IOUS identified surrounding blood vessels and detected dural defects in one patient (2.3%) respectively.

Conclusions
The IOUS can be a valuable tool for spinal cord surgery in identifying the exact location of the pathologic lesions, confirming the completeness of surgery, and minimizing the risk of neural and vascular injury in a real-time fashion.
Drugs in blood and urine samples from victims of suspected exposure to drink spiking: A prospective observational study from Oslo, Norway
Authors: Dalaker Vivian M. , Furuhaugen Håvard , Brekke Mette , Bjørnaas Mari Asphjell , Krpo Maja , Øiestad Elisabeth Leere , Vallersnes Odd Martin 
Published: July 2024

Objective
People regularly contact emergency medicine services concerned that they have been exposed to drink spiking, i.e., exposure to drugs without their knowledge or permission. We identified drugs in blood and urine samples from patients suspecting exposure to drink spiking, with special consideration for drugs not reported taken by the patient (unreported drugs).

Methods
From September 2018 to May 2019, we collected blood and urine samples from patients 16 years or older presenting at an emergency clinic in Oslo, Norway, within 48 hours of suspected exposure to drink spiking. We also collected information on ethanol ingestion and drugs taken. Blood samples were analyzed for 20 classical recreational drugs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and an automated enzymatic method for ethanol. Urine samples were analyzed using immunoassay methods and a specific gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) method for gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB).

Results
From 100 included patients (median age 24 years, 62 females), we collected 100 blood samples and 72 urine samples. Median time since exposure was 5 hours. Unreported drugs were found in 15 patients. Unreported drugs in the blood samples were clonazepam in 3, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in 3, amphetamine in 2, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in 2, tramadol in 1, cocaine in 1, and methamphetamine in 1. Unreported drugs in the urine samples were cocaine in 5, amphetamine in 4, ecstasy in 3, and cannabis in 2. Ethanol was found in 69 patients, all reporting ethanol ingestion. Median blood ethanol concentration was higher in patients with no unreported drugs detected, 1.00‰ (interquartile range (IQR) 0–1.52) vs. 0‰ (IQR 0–0.46) (p<0.001). GHB was not detected.

Conclusion
Unreported drugs, possibly used for drink spiking, were found in 15% of patients. Blood ethanol concentration was higher when no unreported drugs were found. GHB was not detected in any patient.
Migrated Plastic Biliary Stent Causing Cecal Perforation
Authors: Swied Muhammed Yaman , Al Turk Yahia , Maitar Michael 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Plastic biliary stents can spontaneously dislodge from the common bile duct and migrate distally into the bowels. Most migrated plastic biliary stents get passed with stools without any complication. However, in rare cases, migrated biliary stents can cause bowel perforation requiring urgent intervention. We report a rare case of a 53-year-old woman presenting with severe lower abdominal pain secondary to migrated plastic biliary stent causing cecal perforation. Computed tomography revealed a radiopaque linear foreign body within the cecum. The patient underwent emergent laparoscopy with stent removal and was discharged 2 days later without long-term complications.
Beyond Performative Compliance: Local Forms of Resistance to Anti-FGM Campaigns in Ethiopia
Authors: Eresso Meron Zeleke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Afar region, one of the hot spots of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa, has attracted several international and local anti-FGM campaigns including the longitudinal global UNFPA-UNICEF joint initiative. The region is often praised as a showcase for the acclaimed social norm change brought by intervention projects. Religious leaders and traditional birth attendants (TBAs) were among the key local actors targeted as agents of change and norm mediators. The declaration passed by the religious leaders outlawing FGM, and the numerous community public declarations made all applauded the success in social norm change. Such accounts are often in tune with a narrative of linear progress of norms whereby global norms of gender equality successfully diffuse to local settings. The discourse pronouncing the diffusion of global norms often overshadows the norm contestations and resistance happening at the grassroots level. Based on an ethnographic study conducted in the Afar region, this contribution examines the different aspects of norm contestation and resistance happening at the grassroots level throwing light onto the resurgence of FGM in the region where the practice continued beyond the observational gaze of the government and other stakeholders. Furthermore, the article discusses the discursive strategies that the local community adopted ranging from performative compliance, negotiation for a milder form of the practice to devising alternative ways and platforms for performing FGM. The article critically reflects on the direct and subtle forms of resistance, the framing of the debate and the interplay of several factors that undermined the efficiency of the interventions.
Performance evaluation of a smartphone-based home test for fecal calprotection
Authors: Michaelis Simon , Hochfellner Anna , Schneider Christopher , Schnedl Wolfgang J. , Baranyi Andreas , Enko Dietmar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Fecal calprotectin (FC) serves as a non-invasive marker for the assessment of gut inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Laboratory measurements are usually performed with immunologic methods like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recently, quantitative home tests based on the lateral flow technology with smartphones as read-out devices have been developed. We compared the quantitative and qualitative performance of the quantitative lateral flow home test Preventis SmarTest® Calprotectin Home and the immunological test used in our laboratory (Eurospital Calprest® Turbo).

Methods
Fourty-five routine samples were analyzed in parallel with both tests according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The read-out of the home test was performed with two smartphones (Apple iPhone 14 Pro and Samsung Galaxy XCover 5). The qualitative interpretation (positive, negative, borderline) was conducted using the cut-offs provided by the manufacturers.

Results
Statistically significant correlations with the laboratory standard method were observed for both smartphones (Spearman’s rho 0.703 and 0.715, all p<0.005). The home test showed systematically higher concentrations compared to the routine assay. We found minimal qualitative agreement between the two tests (Cohen’s kappas (κ)=0.323 and 0.300; p=0.003 and 0.005) showing a lower rate of positives with the home test. Both used smartphones showed good quantitative and qualitative agreement.

Conclusions
The tests are quantitatively not interchangeable. However, the home test may be applicable for the serial follow-up management of patients with IBD. The higher rate of samples classified as negative with the home test may lead to an underestimation of affected patients.
On Error Estimates of a discontinuous Galerkin Method of the Boussinesq System of Equations
Authors: Bajpai Saumya , Swain Debendra Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose and analyze a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for solving the transient Boussinesq incompressible heat conducting fluid flow equations.
This method utilizes an upwind approach to handle the nonlinear convective terms effectively.
We discuss new a priori bounds for the semidiscrete discontinuous Galerkin approximations.
Furthermore, we establish optimal a priori error estimates for the semidiscrete discontinuous Galerkin velocity approximation in

L
2

\mathbf{L}^{2}

and energy norms, the temperature approximation in

L
2

L^{2}

and energy norms and pressure approximation in

L
2

L^{2}

-norm for

t
>
0

t>0

.
Additionally, under the smallness assumption on the data, we prove uniform in time error estimates.
We also consider a backward Euler scheme for full discretization and derive fully discrete error estimates.
Finally, we provide numerical examples to support the theoretical conclusions.
Ignorance, Frailty, and Defiance: The Anxiety of Freedom
Authors: Shi Lanxin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Interpretations of Vigilius Haufniensis’ analysis of anxiety in the literature can be mainly classified into two models. One holds that anxiety is a phenomenological companion to freedom, whereas the other explains it through the phenomenon of frailty or volitional weakness. Curiously, however, scholars holding one model rarely mention the other. I suggest that this results in a partial understanding of Haufniensis’ concept of anxiety. Building on these two popular models, I argue for a more holistic reading that anxiety is rooted in the human’s structural freedom that is not absolute but limited, qualified by three conditions of evil—ignorance, the possibility of frailty, and the possibility of defiance.
Zwischen Glauben und Verzweiflung. Franz Werfel und Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Nowotny Joanna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Austrian-Bohemian writer Franz Werfel (1890 – 1945) was part of a group of writers and thinkers that were inspired by Søren Kierkegaard’s works. While some attention has been paid to Werfel’s religious thinking, there’s a lack of studies that treat his at the time highly successful literary works. After discussing the context in which Werfel’s reception took place, this paper analyzes three novels in which Werfel implicitly refers to Kierkegaardian concepts. At stake is the idea of becoming (or failing to become) a self and the ensuing types of despair or fear, concepts that also captivated Werfel’s literary contemporaries such as Max Brod and Franz Kafka.