bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Aortic İnterruption
Authors: Isilak Zafer , Incedayi Mehmet , Aribal Serkan , Saglam Muzaffer , Yalcin Murat 
Published: May 2013

Mini‐AbstractA 22‐year‐old male patient was admitted to our hospital cardiology service suffering from dyspnea on exertion. Real time two‐ and three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showed a mild regurgitant bicuspid aortic valve, a spongy appearance of the left ventricular wall and hypoplasia of the distal part of aortic arch. Left ventricular noncompaction was seen in his contrast enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Interruption at the level of distal aortic arch and hypoplasia of the descending thoracic aorta was seen in his computerized tomography angiography.
Magnetic resonance microscopy atlas of equine embryonic development
Authors: Jenner F. , Närväinen J. , de Ruijter‐Villani M. , Stout T. A. E. , van Weeren P. R. , Brama P. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyEquine embryogenesis post implantation is not well studied, and only two‐dimensional illustrations are available. A thorough appreciation of the complex three‐dimensional relationship between tissues and organs and their development is, however, crucial for understanding physiological and pathological mechanisms.ObjectivesThe goals were 2‐fold: 1) to establish a freely accessible online atlas as a reference tool for the scientific and pedagogic communities; and 2) to create a framework for integration of data with known spatiotemporal distribution, such as gene expression or cell lineage.Study designDescriptive anatomical study.MethodsMagnetic resonance microscopy was performed on embryos of 28, 32, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 45, 50 and 65 days gestation using a 9.4 T magnet. Equine embryos were staged according to the Carnegie system. Acquired images were optimised using histogram optimisation and processed for easy online access.ResultsMagnetic resonance microscopy protocols for imaging of equine embryos and fetuses were developed. The wider spread of signal intensity values achieved by histogram equalisation increased visual contrast considerably. Despite their longer gestation, equine conceptuses appeared to reach the various Carnegie staging benchmarks earlier than human embryos.ConclusionsThe equine atlas is designed to serve as an online reference tool for research and teaching.Potential relevanceThe equine atlas may serve as a foundation and scaffold for improved anatomical labelling, spatial and temporal data integration and further understanding of physiological and pathophysiological processes involved in development and disease.
Weight functions for the determination of stress intensity factor and T‐stress for semi‐elliptical cracks in finite thickness plate
Authors: Jin Z. , Wang X. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the application of weight function method for the calculation of stress intensity factors (K) and T‐stress for surface semi‐elliptical crack in finite thickness plates subjected to arbitrary two‐dimensional stress fields. New general mathematical forms of point load weight functions for K and T have been formulated by taking advantage of the knowledge of a few specific weight functions for two‐dimensional planar cracks available in the literature and certain properties of weight function in general. The existence of the generalised forms of the weight functions simplifies the determination of specific weight functions for specific crack configurations. The determination of a specific weight function is reduced to the determination of the parameters of the generalised weight function expression. These unknown parameters can be determined from reference stress intensity factor and T‐stress solutions. This method is used to derive the weight functions for both K and T for semi‐elliptical surface cracks in finite thickness plates, covering a wide range of crack aspect ratio (a/c) and relative depth (a/t) at any point along the crack front. The derived weight functions are then validated against stress intensity factor and T‐stress solutions for several linear and nonlinear two‐dimensional stress distributions. These derived weight functions are particularly useful for the development of two‐parameter fracture and fatigue models for surface cracks subjected to fluctuating nonlinear stress fields, such as these resulting from surface treatment (shot peening), stress concentration or welding (residual stress).
HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 polymorphism in Koreans defined by sequence‐based typing of 4128 cord blood units
Authors: Huh J. Y. , Yi D. Y. , Eo S.‐H. , Cho H. , Park M. H. , Kang M. S. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and haplotypes differ significantly among different ethnic groups, and high‐resolution typing methods allow for the detection of a wider spectrum of HLA variations. In this study, HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DRB1 genotypes were analysed in 4128 cord blood units obtained from Korean women using the sequence‐based typing method. A total of 44 HLA‐A, 67 HLA‐B and 48 HLA‐DRB1 most probable alleles were identified. Of these, high‐frequency alleles found at a frequency of ≥5% were 6 HLA‐A (A*02:01, A*02:06, A*11:01, A*24:02, A*31:01, A*33:03), 5 HLA‐B (B*15:01, B*44:03, B*51:01, B*54:01, B*58:01) and 7 HLA‐DRB1 (DRB1*01:01, DRB1*04:05, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:03, DRB1*09:01, DRB1*13:02, DRB1*15:01) alleles. At each locus, A*02, B*15 and DRB1*04 generic groups were most diverse at allelic level, consisting of 8, 11 and 10 different alleles, respectively. Two‐ and three‐locus haplotypes estimated by the maximum likelihood method revealed 73 A‐B, 74 B‐DRB1 and 42 A‐B‐DRB1 haplotypes with frequencies of ≥0.3%. A total of 193 A‐B‐DRB1 haplotypes found at a frequency of ≥0.1% were presented, and the six most common haplotypes were A*33:03‐B*44:03‐DRB1*13:02 (4.6%), A*33:03‐B*58:01‐DRB1*13:02 (3.0%), A*24:02‐B*07:02‐DRB1*01:01 (2.7%), A*33:03‐B*44:03‐DRB1*07:01 (2.5%), A*30:01‐B*13:02‐DRB1*07:01 (2.2%) and A*24:02‐B*52:01‐DRB1*15:02 (2.1%). Compared with previous smaller scale studies, this study further delineated the allelic and haplotypic diversity in Koreans including low‐frequency alleles and haplotypes. Information obtained in this study will be useful for the search for unrelated bone marrow donors and for anthropologic and disease association studies.
A group‐specific sequencing approach to investigate the presence of atypical human leucocyte antigen alleles
Authors: Foster L. , Tate D. , Poulton K. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAccurate human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing results are essential in determining the degree of compatibility between donor and recipient in both solid organ (SO) and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Current HLA typing methodologies can generate ambiguous results which may need resolving. This group‐specific sequencing approach allowed investigation into the presence of the low expressor HLA‐A*24:02:01:02L allele and the rare HLA‐A*02:64 allele in a SO transplant recipient and a HSC transplant recipient, respectively. Locus‐specific amplification of HLA‐A was performed. Exons 2 and 3 were sequenced in both directions followed by group‐specific sequencing to resolve ambiguities. Hemizygous sequence data of intron 2 generated from the HLA‐A*24 allele indicated the presence of the HLA‐A*24:02:01:01 allele. HLA‐A*02:64 was identified by sequencing the allele in isolation over exons 2 and 3 and allowed confirmation of this allele sequence with the IMGT/HLA database (Accession number AY297166). This approach is cost efficient and can be modified to sequence alleles at other HLA loci. It has also been adapted to characterize the novel HLA‐DQB1*06:48 allele (Accession number HE647646) as well as the non‐HLA gene, UGT2B17, making it a useful tool to augment existing typing methodologies.
Communicative genres as organising structures in online communities – of team players and storytellers
Authors: Moser Christine , Ganley Dale , Groenewegen Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the question of how participants in online communities enact organising structures. We conduct an empirical study based on interpretative and quantitative data and analysis, and argue that communicative genres fulfil the role of intangible organising structures in online communities. These structures are important in the absence of more formal or tangible structures. Furthermore, we take into account participants' position in the social network and find that distinct participant clusters use communicative genres quite differently. In particular, we distinguish four participant clusters using distinct genre repertoires: team players, who make short, advising messages; storytellers, who post less but longer and very social messages; utility posters, who share knowledge but neglect social interaction; and all‐round talents, who engage in various actions and have average messages, without blinking out in any activity. With this research, we provide an analytical tool that allows practitioners to assess community activities, and inform and evaluate strategies for change toward improved outcomes.
Explicit risk of getting caught does not affect unethical behavior
Authors: Gamliel Eyal , Peer Eyal 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResearch showed that given the opportunity, people behave dishonestly only to the degree that will allow them to maintain a positive self‐concept. These experiments did not include the probability of getting caught cheating, although in everyday life, this risk always exists. If it is shown that people behave more honestly when faced with an explicit risk of getting caught, the ecological validity of these experiments may be at risk. This study showed that explicit risk, framed as the probability of getting caught or as the complementary probability of not getting caught, did not reduce participants’ dishonest behavior relative to no risk. These findings support the ecological validity of previous research on unethical behavior.
A study on purchasing behavior of teenagers in Taiwan: example of counterfeit goods
Authors: Fan Wei‐Shang , Lan Chun‐Hsiung , Huang Yu‐Kai , Chang Ruei‐Shiuan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study has established a relationship model encompassing such aspects as consumer values, consumer involvement, purchase behavior, and consumer satisfaction. Furthermore, taking counterfeit goods as an example, this study employs factor analysis, reliability analysis, and the structural equation model to verify the relationship between the research aspects.Another major discovery of this study was that teenagers' behavioral purchasing mentality is graphic, hyperlinked, and is geared toward useful situations and functional needs. When they consider their degree of need, they inevitably incorporate many emotional needs. However, their attitude toward counterfeit goods is rational, which is confirmed by the fact that Hypothesis 1 was not supported.
Mountain barriers and river conduits: phylogeographical structure in a large, mobile lizard (Varanidae: Varanus varius) from eastern Australia
Authors: Smissen Peter J. , Melville Jane , Sumner Joanna , Jessop Tim S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimAcross eastern Australia, mountain ranges (the Great Dividing Range) and river catchments (the Murray–Darling Basin) are likely to have shaped the phylogeographical structure of many species. We address how such processes have influenced the phylogeography of the lace monitor, Varanus varius, a large mobile lizard.LocationEastern and south‐eastern Australia.MethodsPhylogeographical hypotheses were tested using up to 90 museum and field‐collected samples from across the entire species' range; a 671‐bp region of the mtDNA gene ND4 was sequenced and all individuals were genotyped (eight microsatellite loci).ResultsMaximum‐likelihood analysis of sequence data revealed three geographically separate clades, with divergences estimated to have occurred during the Pleistocene. The south‐eastern clade showed an expansion pattern from northern refugia and dispersal appears to have occurred along the Murray–Darling river system. Microsatellite analyses support mtDNA clades but indicate secondary contact in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that phylogeographical structure and contemporary gene flow in Varanus varius is shaped by dispersal capacity, geographical barriers and the presence of ancient river corridors. Indeed, only the most significant geological (McPherson Range) and habitat barriers (Burdekin Gap) appear to limit gene flow in this species. The expansion of the clade on the western side of the Great Dividing Range suggests that ancient riparian corridors have facilitated extensive gene flow. Our study highlights the importance of understanding a species' ecological dynamics when examining broad‐scale evolutionary patterns.
Role of propagule pressure in colonization success: disentangling the relative importance of demographic, genetic and habitat effects
Authors: Hufbauer R. A. , Rutschmann A. , Serrate B. , Vermeil de Conchard H. , Facon B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHigh propagule pressure is arguably the only consistent predictor of colonization success. More individuals enhance colonization success because they aid in overcoming demographic consequences of small population size (e.g. stochasticity and Allee effects). The number of founders can also have direct genetic effects: with fewer individuals, more inbreeding and thus inbreeding depression will occur, whereas more individuals typically harbour greater genetic variation. Thus, the demographic and genetic components of propagule pressure are interrelated, making it difficult to understand which mechanisms are most important in determining colonization success. We experimentally disentangled the demographic and genetic components of propagule pressure by manipulating the number of founders (fewer or more), and genetic background (inbred or outbred) of individuals released in a series of three complementary experiments. We used Bemisia whiteflies and released them onto either their natal host (benign) or a novel host (challenging). Our experiments revealed that having more founding individuals and those individuals being outbred both increased the number of adults produced, but that only genetic background consistently shaped net reproductive rate of experimental populations. Environment was also important and interacted with propagule size to determine the number of adults produced. Quality of the environment interacted also with genetic background to determine establishment success, with a more pronounced effect of inbreeding depression in harsh environments. This interaction did not hold for the net reproductive rate. These data show that the positive effect of propagule pressure on founding success can be driven as much by underlying genetic processes as by demographics. Genetic effects can be immediate and have sizable effects on fitness.
Plaque control improves the painful symptoms of oral lichen planus gingival lesions. A short‐term study
Authors: Salgado Daniela S. , Jeremias Fabiano , Capela Marisa V. , Onofre Mirian A. , Massucato Elaine Maria S. , Orrico Silvana R. P. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundLichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease with manifestation in the oral mucosa, the gingiva being one of the most affected regions. In some cases, the lesion may be painful and lead to fragility of the tissues, so that precise diagnosis and adequate treatment are indispensible factors for improving the clinical condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plaque control in the improvement of clinical features and painful symptoms of oral lichen planus with gingival involvement.MethodsTwenty patients diagnosed with gingival lichen planus confirmed by histopathological examination were selected. The patients were evaluated by a trained examiner, with regard to the clinical features of the lesions [Index of Escudier et al. (Br J Dermatol, 157, 2007, 765)]; painful symptoms (Visual Analog Scale); and periodontally, as regards the visible plaque and gingival bleeding indices. Periodontal treatment consisted of supragingival scaling and oral hygiene instruction, with professional plaque removal afterward for a period of 4 weeks. The entire sample was evaluated at the baseline and at the conclusion of treatment, and the results were analyzed by the Wilcoxon nonparametric test.ResultsThe data demonstrated that the majority of patients were women (90%), with a mean age of 55.9 years. Periodontal treatment resulted in statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the periodontal indices, with consequent improvement in the clinical features and painful symptoms of the lesions.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that plaque control was effective in improving the clinical features and painful symptoms of oral lichen planus with gingival involvement.
Gingival crevicular fluid and interleukin‐23 concentration in systemically healthy subjects: their relationship in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Himani G. S. , Prabhuji M. L. V. , Karthikeyan B. V. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectiveThere is a substantial magnitude of data implicating the role of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of IL‐23 in the gingival crevicular fluid of systemically healthy subjects in periodontal health and disease. In addition, we explored the effectiveness of periodontal interventional therapy on the levels of IL‐23 in subjects with chronic periodontitis to obtain a deeper insight into the possible role of IL‐23 in three separate periodontal conditions in three different populations.Material and MethodsIn this study, 54 individuals, satisfying the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, were recruited. They were categorically divided, on the basis of gingival index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment loss, into three groups: Group 1 (patients with a clinically healthy periodontium, n = 18); Group 2 (patients with gingivitis, n = 18); and Group 3a (patients with chronic periodontitis, n = 18). Samples taken from all 18 subjects of Group 3a, 3 mo after the initial therapy, constituted Group 3b. All clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 mo after scaling and root planing. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained in which the IL‐23 concentration was measured using ELISA.ResultsThe highest mean IL‐23 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid was found for Group 3a (16448.69 pg/mL) and the lowest for Group 1 (2565.28 pg/mL). The mean IL‐23 concentrations in Group 2 (5425 pg/mL) and Group 3b (6272.22 pg/mL) lay between the maximum and minimum values. This implies a positive correlation between the gingival crevicular fluid IL‐23 concentration and relative attachment loss (p < 0.05).ConclusionA noteworthy increase in the gingival crevicular fluid IL‐23 concentration was seen that was proportional to the amount of periodontal tissue damage. As the IL‐23 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid is directly proportional to the severity of the periodontal affliction, it can be speculated that IL‐23 has a possible role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
The impact of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on serum levels of long chain–polyunsaturated fatty acids: a pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Martinez G. L. , Koury J. C. , Brito F. , Fischer R. G. , Gustafsson A. , Figueredo C. M. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectiveOur group recently found higher levels of serum long chain–polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFAs) in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to controls. However, the effect of periodontal treatment on LC‐PUFA serum levels has not been investigated. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of periodontal treatment on LC‐PUFA serum levels. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of dietary ω‐3 supplementation on clinical outcome.Material and MethodsThe test group was composed of 10 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (mean age 44 ± 6.4 years) treated with scaling and root planing associated with 4 mo of ω‐3 supplementation eicosapetaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 3 g/d. The placebo group was composed of 11 patients (47.9 ± 10.5 years) that received scaling and root planing plus placebo. The periodontal examination included probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and visible plaque index. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), EPA, DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) were detected using gas chromatograph.ResultsIn the placebo group, all LC‐PUFAs levels reduced significantly (DHA, DPA and AA, p = 0.004; EPA, p = 0.008). In the test group, only DPA and AA showed a significant reduction (p = 0.005). Moreover, a significant decrease in the ratios AA/EPA and AA/DHA (p = 0.005) was observed in the test group.ConclusionNon‐surgical periodontal treatment reduced significantly the serum levels of all analyzed LC‐PUFAs except those presented in the supplementation. The ω‐3 dietary supplementation had no effect on clinical outcome of treatment.
The fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora requires the rpoN gene for pathogenicity in apple
Authors: Ramos Laura S. , Lehman Brian L. , Sinn Judith P. , Pfeufer Emily E. , Halbrendt Noemi O. , McNellis Timothy W. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryRpoN is a σ54 factor regulating essential virulence gene expression in several plant pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas syringae and Pectobacterium carotovorum. In this study, we found that mutation of rpoN in the fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora caused a nonpathogenic phenotype. The E. amylovora rpoN Tn5 transposon mutant rpoN1250::Tn5 did not cause fire blight disease symptoms on shoots of mature apple trees. In detached immature apple fruits, the rpoN1250::Tn5 mutant failed to cause fire blight disease symptoms and grew to population levels 12 orders of magnitude lower than the wild‐type. In addition, the rpoN1250::Tn5 mutant failed to elicit a hypersensitive response when infiltrated into nonhost tobacco plant leaves, and rpoN1250::Tn5 cells failed to express HrpN protein when grown in hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity)‐inducing liquid medium. A plasmid‐borne copy of the wild‐type rpoN gene complemented all the rpoN1250::Tn5 mutant phenotypes tested. The rpoN1250::Tn5 mutant was prototrophic on minimal solid and liquid media, indicating that the rpoN1250::Tn5 nonpathogenic phenotype was not caused by a defect in basic metabolism or growth. This study provides clear genetic evidence that rpoN is an essential virulence gene of E. amylovora, suggesting that rpoN has the same function in E. amylovora as in P. syringae and Pe. carotovorum.