bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal vertical migration rhythms and their photoresponse in four phytoflagellates causing harmful algal blooms
Authors: Shikata Tomoyuki , Matsunaga Shigeru , Nishide Hiroyo , Sakamoto Setsuko , Onistuka Goh , Yamaguchi Mineo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe observed diurnal vertical migrations (DVMs) of four noxious phytoflagellates: Chattonella antiqua, Heterosigma akashiwo (raphidophyte), Karenia mikimotoi, and Heterocapsa circularisquama (dinoflagellate) under various light conditions such as fluence rate, day length, light regime, and wavelength in the laboratory. For all flagellates cyclic DVMs were observed at an irradiance of 30 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 on a 12 h : 12 h light : dark (L : D) cycle. Start times of upward and downward migrations under the light condition differed among species, indicating that each flagellate has its own original DVM cycle. The ascent period of C. antiqua during the photoperiod was much longer than the other flagellates, whereas K. mikimotoi remained submerged longer. No flagellate displayed cyclic DVM in the dark, and only K. mikimotoi did even under weak light of 1 μmol quanta m−2 s−1. C. antiqua and K. mikimotoi extended their surface‐accumulation periods at longer photoperiods, but the other species scarcely changed theirs. For all the flagellates, a DVM rhythm was entrained by shifting the L : D cycle; this occurred under white or blue light, but not under red light. These results indicate that all flagellates require (blue) light for maintenance and adjustment of DVM cycle but responses to change in light intensity and day length differ among species. The present study suggests that the species‐specific DVM cycle and its photoresponse property can change time staying in surface or bottom layers in the natural environment, and therefore, may affect photosynthesis and nutrient uptake for survival and growth in four phytoflagellates.
The influence of dissolved organic carbon on primary production in northern lakes
Authors: Seekell David A. , Lapierre Jean‐François , Ask Jenny , Bergström Ann‐Kristin , Deininger Anne , Rodríguez Patricia , Karlsson Jan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes are changing globally, but little is known about potential ecosystem impacts.We evaluated the relationship between DOC and whole‐lake primary production in arctic and boreal lakes. Both light extinction (inhibits primary production) and nutrient availability (stimulates primary production) are positively and nonlinearly related to DOC concentration. These nonlinearities create a threshold DOC concentration (4.8 mg L−1), below which the DOC‐primary production relationship is positive, and above which the relationship is negative. DOC concentration varies maximally between regions, creating a unimodal relationship between primary production and DOC that emerges at broader scales because arctic lakes largely fall below the threshold DOC concentration, but boreal lakes fall above it. Our analysis suggests that the impact of DOC trends on lake primary production will vary across lakes and regions as a result of contrasting baseline conditions relative to the DOC threshold.
Diagnostic utility of somatosensory evoked potentials in chronic polyradiculopathy without electrodiagnostic signs of peripheral demyelination
Authors: Devic Perrine , Petiot Philippe , Mauguiere François 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) remains uncertain when nerve conduction studies (NCS) fail to show demyelination. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who presented with clinical criteria of CIDP in whom electrodiagnostic (EDx) criteria of definite or probable CIDP were missing [axonal sensorimotor neuropathy (n = 23), normal EDx with pure sensory presentation (n = 3)]. All patients received immunomodulatory treatment. Twenty‐six patients were evaluated with somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), MRI of spinal roots, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and/or nerve biopsy. Diagnosis of CIDP was considered to be confirmed in patients who responded to immunotherapy. Results: Twenty‐two of 26 patients (85%) had SSEPs reflecting abnormal proximal conduction in sensory fibers, including 14 who had only clinical and SSEP data in favor of CIDP. SSEPs were abnormal in 16 of 20 responders (80%) to immunotherapy. Conclusion: SSEP recording contributes to the diagnosis of CIDP when nerve conduction studies fail to detect peripheral demyelination. Muscle Nerve 53: 78–83, 2016
Termination criteria for inexact fixed‐point schemes
Authors: Birken Philipp 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWe analyze inexact fixed‐point iterations where the generating function contains an inexact solve of an equation system to answer the question of how tolerances for the inner solves influence the iteration error of the outer fixed‐point iteration. Important applications are the Picard iteration and partitioned fluid‐structure interaction. For the analysis, the iteration is modeled as a perturbed fixed‐point iteration, and existing analysis is extended to the nested casex=F(S(x)). We prove that if the iteration converges, it converges to the exact solution irrespective of the tolerance in the inner systems, provided that a nonstandard relative termination criterion is employed, whereas standard relative and absolute criteria do not have this property. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach with the nonstandard termination criterion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanowire and nanohole silicon solar cells: a thorough optoelectronic evaluation
Authors: Shang Aixue , Zhai Xiongfei , Zhang Cheng , Zhan Yaohui , Wu Shaolong , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPhotovoltaic devices with nanostructured active layers have attracted considerable attention for their outstanding light‐trapping capability. Although with the promise of an efficient light‐conversion, the realistic performance is still far from expectation. This is because the detailed electrical mechanisms have seldom been included into the design, leading to a substantial discrepancy between prediction and reality. This paper reports a complete optoelectronic simulation for nanowire and nanohole solar cells by addressing electromagnetic and carrier‐transport response in a coupled finite‐element method. The effects of surface/bulk recombination are quantified and compared for nanowire and nanohole solar cells with radial and axial doping profiles. Our results reveal that the axially doped silicon cells are extremely sensitive to surface recombination because of the large surface‐to‐volume ratio and lateral recombination loss, eventually reducing the photocurrent and light‐conversion efficiency. Relatively, radially doped silicon cells with a moderate nanowire length show some improvement relative to axially doped cells, but nevertheless remain very sensitive to recombination losses. Comparison of the light‐trapping and electrical performance between nanowire and nanohole solar cells is also given. The methodology is applicable for nanostructured solar cells based on various semiconductor materials and system configurations, and is expected to play a promising role in accurately predicting the performance of the new‐generation light‐conversion devices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and realization of transparent solar modules based on luminescent solar concentrators integrating nanostructured photonic crystals
Authors: Jiménez‐Solano Alberto , Delgado‐Sánchez José‐Maria , Calvo Mauricio E. , Miranda‐Muñoz José M. , Lozano Gabriel , Sancho Diego , Sánchez‐Cortezón Emilio , Míguez Hernán 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHerein, we present a prototype of a photovoltaic module that combines a luminescent solar concentrator integrating one‐dimensional photonic crystals and in‐plane CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) solar cells. Highly uniform and wide‐area nanostructured multilayers with photonic crystal properties were deposited by a cost‐efficient and scalable liquid processing amenable to large‐scale fabrication. Their role is to both maximize light absorption in the targeted spectral range, determined by the fluorophore employed, and minimize losses caused by emission at angles within the escape cone of the planar concentrator. From a structural perspective, the porous nature of the layers facilitates the integration with the thermoplastic polymers typically used to encapsulate and seal these modules. Judicious design of the module geometry, as well as of the optical properties of the dielectric mirrors employed, allows optimizing light guiding and hence photovoltaic performance while preserving a great deal of transparency. Optimized in‐plane designs like the one herein proposed are of relevance for building integrated photovoltaics, as ease of fabrication, long‐term stability and improved performance are simultaneously achieved. © 2015 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Improved analysis of ultra‐high molecular mass polystyrenes in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using DCTB matrix and caesium salts
Authors: Gabriel S. J. , Steinhoff R. F. , Pabst M. , Schwarzinger C. , Zenobi R. , Panne U. , Weidner S. M. 
Published: April 2015

RationaleThe ionization of polystyrenes in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) is typically achieved by the use of silver salts. Since silver salts can cause severe problems, such as cluster formation, fragmentation of polymer chains and end group cleavage, their substitution by alkali salts is highly desirable.MethodsThe influence of various cations (Ag+, Cs+ and Rb+) on the MALDI process of polystyrene (PS) mixtures and high mass polystyrenes was examined. The sample preparation was kept as straightforward as possible. Consequently, no recrystallization or other cleaning procedures were applied.ResultsThe investigation of a polystyrene mixture showed that higher molecular polystyrenes could be more easily ionized using caesium, rather than rubidium or silver salts. In combination with the use of DCTB as matrix a high‐mass polymer analysis could be achieved, which was demonstrated by the detection of a 1.1 MDa PS.ConclusionsA fast, simple and robust MALDI sample preparation method for the analysis of ultra‐high molecular weight polystyrenes based on the use of DCTB and caesium salts has been presented. The suitability of the presented method has been validated by using different mass spectrometers and detectors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active disturbance rejection control for nonlinear fractional‐order systems
Authors: Gao Zhe 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates active disturbance rejection control involving the fractional‐order tracking differentiator, the fractional‐order PID controller with compensation and the fractional‐order extended state observer for nonlinear fractional‐order systems. Firstly, the fractional‐order optimal‐time control scheme is studied to propose the fractional‐order tracking differentiator by the Hamilton function and fractional‐order optimal conditions. Secondly, the linear fractional‐order extend state observer is offered to acquire the estimated value of the sum of nonlinear functions and disturbances existing in the investigated nonlinear fractional‐order plant. For the disturbance existing in the feedback output, the effect of the disturbance is discussed to choose a reasonable parameter in fractional‐order extended state observer. Thirdly, by this observed value, the nonlinear fractional‐order plant is converted into a linear fractional‐order plant by adding the compensation in the controller. With the aid of real root boundary, complex root boundary, and imaginary boot boundary, the approximate stabilizing boundary with respect to the integral and differential coefficients is determined for the given proportional coefficient, integral order and differential order. By choosing the suitable parameters, the fractional‐order active disturbance rejection control scheme can deal with the unknown nonlinear functions and disturbances. Finally, the illustrative examples are given to verify the effectiveness of fractional‐order active disturbance rejection control scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Delaunay diagram‐based Min–Max CP‐Tree algorithm for Spatial Data Analysis
Authors: Sundaram Venkatesan Meenakshi , Thangavelu Arunkumar 
Published: April 2015

Co‐location patterns are the subsets of Boolean spatial features whose instances are often located in close geographic proximity. Neighborhood is a major challenge and a key part of spatial co‐location pattern mining. In existing conventional models, the neighborhood was defined by the user which is not suitable for massive data set. The idea of this paper is to improve the performance of co‐location mining by proposing novel neighborhood model and effective co‐location algorithm for spatial data analysis. The first methodology is to model the neighborhood of spatial data by using Delaunay diagram geometry approach. Delaunay‐based neighborhood model finds the neighborhoods dynamically and avoids user‐based neighborhood. The second methodology is to present novel efficient Min–Max CP‐Tree algorithm to discover precise co‐location patterns from spatial data. The proposed co‐location mining algorithm is effective and efficient for complex landslide spatial data. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:142–154. doi: 10.1002/widm.1151This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Technologies > Association Rules
Probing stem cell behavior using nanoparticle‐based approaches
Authors: Patel Sahishnu , Lee Ki‐Bum 
Published: April 2015

Stem cells hold significant clinical potential to treat numerous debilitating diseases and injures that currently have no treatment plan. While several advances have been made in developing stem cell platforms and methods to induce their differentiation, there are two critical aspects need to be addressed: (1) efficient delivery of nucleic acids and small molecules for stem cell differentiation, and (2) effective, noninvasive, and real‐time tracking of transplanted stem cells. To address this, there has been a trend of utilizing various types of nanoparticles to not only deliver biomolecules to targeted site but also track the location of transplanted stem cells in real time. Over the past decade, various types of nanoparticles, including magnetic nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles, have been developed to serve as vehicles for targeted biomolecule delivery. In addition of being biocompatible without causing adverse side effect to stem cells, these nanoparticles have unique chemical and physical properties that allow tracking and imaging in real time using different imaging instruments that are commonly found in hospitals. A summary of the landmark and progressive demonstrations that utilize nanoparticles for stem cell application is described. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:759–778. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1346This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Baker's Yeast Deficient in Storage Lipid Synthesis Uses cis‐Vaccenic Acid to Reduce Unsaturated Fatty Acid Toxicity
Authors: Sec Peter , Garaiova Martina , Gajdos Peter , Certik Milan , Griac Peter , Hapala Ivan , Holic Roman 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe role of cis‐vaccenic acid (18:1n‐7) in the reduction of unsaturated fatty acids toxicity was investigated in baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The quadruple mutant (QM, dga1Δ lro1Δ are1Δ are2Δ) deficient in enzymes responsible for triacylglycerol and steryl ester synthesis has been previously shown to be highly sensitive to exogenous unsaturated fatty acids. We have found that cis‐vaccenic acid accumulated during cultivation in the QM cells but not in the corresponding wild type strain. This accumulation was accompanied by a reduction in palmitoleic acid (16:1n‐7) content in the QM cells that is consistent with the proposed formation of cis‐vaccenic acid by elongation of palmitoleic acid. Fatty acid analysis of individual lipid classes from the QM strain revealed that cis‐vaccenic acid was highly enriched in the free fatty acid pool. Furthermore, production of cis‐vaccenic acid was arrested if the mechanism of fatty acids release to the medium was activated. We also showed that exogenous cis‐vaccenic acid did not affect viability of the QM strain at concentrations toxic for palmitoleic or oleic acids. Moreover, addition of cis‐vaccenic acid to the growth medium provided partial protection against the lipotoxic effects of exogenous oleic acid. Transformation of palmitoleic acid to cis‐vaccenic acid is thus a rescue mechanism enabling S. cerevisiae cells to survive in the absence of triacylglycerol synthesis as the major mechanism for unsaturated fatty acid detoxification.
Development of PU Coatings from Neem Oil Based Alkyds Prepared by the Monoglyceride Route
Authors: Chaudhari Ashok , Kulkarni Ravindra , Mahulikar Pramod , Sohn Daewon , Gite Vikas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis work deals with the preparation of alkyd resins from neem oil and their utilization in preparation of polyurethane coatings. Alkyd resins were synthesized by reaction of neem oil monoglycerides with four different divalent acids like phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, and dimer fatty acid. The alkyds formation was studied by determining the acid number of the reaction mixture at regular intervals of time and the extents of the polyesterification reactions were calculated during the formation of alkyds. The structures of synthesized alkyds were confirmed by FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic analysis and also by end group analysis such as hydroxyl and acid values. The synthesized alkyds were reacted with TDI to prepare PU coatings and their performance was compared with PU coatings prepared from a commercial alkyd.
Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models
Authors: Delpierre Nicolas , Vitasse Yann , Chuine Isabelle , Guillemot Joannès , Bazot Stéphane , Rutishauser This , Rathgeber Cyrille B. K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractKey messageWe demonstrate that, beyond leaf phenology, the phenological cycles of wood and fine roots present clear responses to environmental drivers in temperate and boreal trees. These drivers should be included in terrestrial ecosystem models.ContextIn temperate and boreal trees, a dormancy period prevents organ development during adverse climatic conditions. Whereas the phenology of leaves and flowers has received considerable attention, to date, little is known regarding the phenology of other tree organs such as wood, fine roots, fruits, and reserve compounds.AimsHere, we review both the role of environmental drivers in determining the phenology of tree organs and the models used to predict the phenology of tree organs in temperate and boreal forest trees.ResultsTemperature is a key driver of the resumption of tree activity in spring, although its specific effects vary among organs. There is no such clear dominant environmental cue involved in the cessation of tree activity in autumn and in the onset of dormancy, but temperature, photoperiod, and water stress appear as prominent factors. The phenology of a given organ is, to a certain extent, influenced by processes in distant organs.ConclusionInferring past trends and predicting future trends of tree phenology in a changing climate requires specific phenological models developed for each organ to consider the phenological cycle as an ensemble in which the environmental cues that trigger each phase are also indirectly involved in the subsequent phases. Incorporating such models into terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) would likely improve the accuracy of their predictions. The extent to which the coordination of the phenologies of tree organs will be affected in a changing climate deserves further research.
Why Can't This Patient Look Up? Bilateral Vertical Gaze Palsy
Authors: Surapaneni Krishna , Ferguson Lisa , Altschuler Eric L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a case of a patient with profound bilateral vertical gaze palsy resulting from a unilateral thalamic lesion—one of only a handful of such cases ever reported. The patient had significant symptomatic vertical diplopia that was disabling functionally and vocationally. We discuss pathways whereby a unilateral lesion can cause bilateral gaze palsy. We also report on the successful functional and vocational rehabilitation of the patient's vertical diplopia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful rehabilitation of a patient with bilateral vertical diplopia due to a central lesion.
Low whole grain intake in the UK: results from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme 2008–11
Authors: Mann Kay D. , Pearce Mark S. , McKevith Brigid , Thielecke Frank , Seal Chris J. 
Published: April 2015

Increased whole grain intake has been shown to reduce the risk of many non-communicable diseases. Countries including the USA, Canada, Denmark and Australia have specific dietary guidelines on whole grain intake but others, including the UK, do not. Data from 1986/87 and 2000/01 have shown that whole grain intake is low and declining in British adults. The aim of the present study was to describe whole grain intakes in the most current dietary assessment of UK households using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme 2008–11. In the present study, 4 d diet diaries were completed by 3073 individuals between 2008 and 2011, along with details of socio-economic status (SES). The median daily whole grain intake, calculated for each individual on a dry weight basis, was 20 g/d for adults and 13 g/d for children/teenagers. The corresponding energy-adjusted whole grain intake was 27 g/10 MJ per d for adults and 20 g/10 MJ per d for children/teenagers. Whole grain intake (absolute and energy-adjusted) increased with age, but was lowest in teenagers (13–17 years) and younger adults up to the age of 34 years. Of the total study population, 18 % of adults and 15 % of children/teenagers did not consume any whole-grain foods. Individuals from lower SES groups had a significantly lower whole grain intake than those from more advantaged classifications. The whole grain intake in the UK, although higher than in 2000/01, remains low and below that in the US and Danish recommendations in all age classes. Favourable pricing with increased availability of whole-grain foods and education may help to increase whole grain intake in countries without whole-grain recommendations. Teenagers and younger adults may need targeting to help increase whole grain consumption.