bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico‐functional and antioxidant properties of purple‐flesh sweet potato flours as affected by extrusion and drum‐drying treatments
Authors: Soison Bisri , Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Harnsilawat Thepkunya , Piyachomkwan Kuakoon , Charunuch Chulaluck , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: March 2014

SummaryEffects of extrusion and drum‐drying treatments on physico‐functional and antioxidant properties of flours prepared from purple‐flesh sweet potato were evaluated. Extrusion variables were feed moisture contents (MC; 10%, 13%, 16%) and screw speeds (SS; 250, 325, 400 r.p.m.), whereas drum‐drying was done at 120, 130 or 140 °C. Effects of MC were generally greater than SS on flour properties. Extruded flours showed higher water absorption and water solubility indices compared with control nonextruded flours. Regardless of SS, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS) of flours processed at 10% MC were significantly higher than those at 13% and 16%. Both extruded and drum‐dried flours exhibited no peak viscosity, indicating complete gelatinisation of starch. Maximum phenolic content and antioxidant activities of drum‐dried flours were obtained at 140 °C. Although drum‐dried flours had higher antioxidant capacity than extruded flours, both flours could potentially be used as food ingredients.
Antioxidant and functional properties of a high dietary fibre powder from carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) pomace
Authors: Pantaleón‐Velasco Maria del Rosario , Ruiz‐López Irving Israel , Pérez‐Silva Araceli , Bravo‐Clemente Laura , Mateos Raquel , Ruiz‐Espinosa Héctor , Vivar‐Vera Maria de los Angeles 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe use of carambola pomace as a raw material for the production of a high dietary fibre powder (HDFP) was investigated. A face‐centred design was used to study the effects of extraction conditions, namely water‐to‐pomace ratio, time and temperature, on both reducing sugars (RS) and total extractable polyphenols (EPP) contents of fibre concentrate. RS content decreased by increasing extraction times and water‐to‐pomace ratios, while EPP tend to diminish by increasing temperature and contact time (P < 0.01). Selected HDFPs showed an EPP content in the range of 5.0–6.1 g GAE 100 g−1 dry basis (db), with antioxidant activities between 386.2–443.9 and 204.7–228.6 μmol Trolox equivalents g−1 db according to FRAP and ABTS assays, respectively. HDFP obtained at 55 °C, 5 min and 2:1 water‐to‐pomace ratio exhibited the highest EPP content, total dietary fibre (84.0% db) and dietary indigestible fraction (61.3% db). This product can be considered as a potential valuable food ingredient considering their oil retention and swelling capacities.
Opioid conversion ratios used in palliative care: is there an Australian consensus?
Authors: Syrmis W. , Good P. , Wootton J. , Spurling G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundOpioid switching or rotation is reported to be a common practice in palliative care. Published tables of opioid conversion ratios have been found to vary in their recommendations, potentially leading to significant differences in clinical practice.AimsTo identify common practices in the calculation of opioid equianalgesia by specialist palliative medicine practitioners and trainees.MethodAn anonymous, cross‐sectional, online survey completed by 85 Australian palliative care specialists or advanced trainees. Questions focused on conversion ratios used in switching between oral and parenteral opioid doses; conversion ratios used when switching from other opioids to oral morphine; and practice of commencing methadone.ResultsThe majority of respondents calculated equianalgesic doses for morphine, oxycodone and hydromorphone using the same conversion ratios. Methadone was used almost equally as either the sole opioid or as a ‘co‐opioid’. The majority surveyed converted slow‐release hydromorphone differently to the manufacturer's recommendations.ConclusionFurther discussion among Australian palliative care specialist organisations is recommended in order to produce uniform conversion guidelines to improve consistency and safety in the prescribing of opioids.
Intranasal delivery of central nervous system‐retargeted human mesenchymal stromal cells prolongs treatment efficacy of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Fransson Moa , Piras Elena , Wang Hao , Burman Joachim , Duprez Ida , Harris Robert A. , LeBlanc Katarina , Magnusson Peetra U. , Brittebo Eva , Loskog Angelica S. I. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryTreatment with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is currently of interest for a number of diseases including multiple sclerosis. MSCs are known to target inflamed tissues, but in a therapeutic setting their systemic administration will lead to few cells reaching the brain. We hypothesized that MSCs may target the brain upon intranasal administration and persist in central nervous system (CNS) tissue if expressing a CNS‐targeting receptor. To demonstrate proof of concept, MSCs were genetically engineered to express a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐specific receptor. Engineered MSCs retained their immunosuppressive capacity, infiltrated into the brain upon intranasal cell administration, and were able to significantly reduce disease symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mice treated with CNS‐targeting MSCs were resistant to further EAE induction whereas non‐targeted MSCs did not give such persistent effects. Histological analysis revealed increased brain restoration in engineered MSC‐treated mice. In conclusion, MSCs can be genetically engineered to target the brain and prolong therapeutic efficacy in an EAE model.
Collaborative Community Hydrology Research in Northern New Mexico
Authors: Guldan Steven J. , Fernald Alexander G. , Ochoa Carlos G. , Tidwell Vincent C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn New Mexico, increasing demand for water, combined with limited supplies and periodic drought, is placing additional stress on traditional acequia communities. Research on the hydrology of acequia agriculture in northern New Mexico has been carried out in three communities and their associated watersheds and irrigated valleys. Critical to the effort has been the participation of the acequias and individual farmers, ranchers, and other community member stakeholders. Participation in hydrology research included assistance in altering flows in acequias, and access to private property and wells, critical to obtain ground and surface water measurements. Further research that integrated hydrologic data with ecosystem, land‐use, economics, and sociocultural data, via development of a system dynamics model, required community member participation through surveys, interviews, and workshops to develop, calibrate and refine the model.
Estimating the Public Water Supply Protection Value of Forests
Authors: Elias Emile , Laband David , Dougherty Mark 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe developed a methodology to assess the economic value of forested watersheds to improve water quality for public supplies. The interdisciplinary approach required collaboration between economists, municipal water managers, regional growth planners, hydrologic and water quality modelers. Data used in this project were derived from federal, state and local entities. We used regional growth projections with linked watershed and reservoir simulation models and cost‐based valuation economics. Additional treatment cost to comply with Safe Drinking Water Act regulations was calculated using volume treated and simulated total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations. Simulated base TOC concentrations (3 percent urban) were compared with TOC concentrations predicted by 2020 (22 percent urban). Mean increase in daily treatment costs ranged from $91 to $95 per km2 per day. The developed methodology is applicable to other watersheds to estimate water purification ecosystem services and is recommended for use in future interdisciplinary modeling courses.
Disadvantage, Autonomy, and the Continuity Test
Authors: Colburn Ben 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Continuity Test is the principle that a proposed distribution of resources is wrong if it treats someone as disadvantaged when they don't see it that way themselves, for example by offering compensation for features that they do not themselves regard as handicaps. This principle — which is most prominently developed in Ronald Dworkin's defence of his theory of distributive justice — is an attractive one for a liberal to endorse as part of her theory of distributive justice and disadvantage. In this article, I play out some of its implications, and show that in its basic form the Continuity Test is inconsistent. It relies on a tacit commitment to the protection of autonomy, understood to consist in an agent deciding for herself what is valuable and living her life in accordance with that decision. A contradiction arises when we consider factors which are putatively disadvantaging by dint of threatening individual autonomy construed in this way. I argue that the problem can be resolved by embracing a more explicit commitment to the protection (and perhaps promotion) of individual autonomy. This implies a constrained version of the Continuity Test, thereby salvaging most of the intuitions which lead people to endorse the Test. It also gives us the wherewithal to sketch an interesting and novel theory of distributive justice, with individual autonomy at its core.
Antecedents and Employee Outcomes of Line Managers' Perceptions of Enabling HR Practices
Authors: Kuvaas Bård , Dysvik Anders , Buch Robert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo learn more about the role of line managers in the implementation of HR practices, we propose and test a model of line managers' perceptions of enabling HR practices on the one hand and employee outcomes on the other. In a field study of 89 line managers and 631 employees, we observed that the relationship between line managers' perceptions of enabling HR practices and employees' intrinsic motivation, affective organizational commitment, and turnover intention was mediated by employees' perceived supervisor support. Line managers' perceptions of enabling HR practices, in turn, were predicted by line managers' perceived quality of the HR training they received. Theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Effects of varying fixed lingual apex positions on tongue pressure during straw drinking
Authors: Hara M. , Ishida R. , Ohkubo M. , Sugiyama T. , Abe S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe investigated the impact of tongue‐thrusting on lingual pressure during fluid intake with a straw. In this study, 12 healthy young dentate individuals (two women and 10 men; 19–33 years) were instructed to drink 15 mL of water with a regular drinking straw at 37 °C, when indicated by the investigator. Participants drank after adjusting tongue position to one of the following patterns: (i) Holding the tip of the straw between the lips (Normal Position: NP), (ii) Sticking out the tongue to the vermilion zone of the lower lip and inserting the straw 1 cm past the front teeth (Tongue‐thrusting Position: TP). Five recordings were conducted for each participant in a randomised order. To measure tongue pressure during swallowing, a specially designed 0·1‐mm thick sensor sheet (Nitta, Osaka, Japan) with a tactile system for measurement of pressure distribution (I‐SCAN; Nitta) was used. Duration, maximal magnitude and integrated value of tongue pressure were analysed based on the wave of tongue pressure recorded while water was swallowed. Magnitude, duration and integrated value of tongue pressure were significantly lower in TP than in NP at the median line (Ch1–3). Magnitude and integrated value of tongue pressure at the lateral part of the tongue (Ch5) were significantly lower in TP than in NP. When duration, maximal magnitude and integrated values were compared by channel, no significant differences were observed in NP, but a significant difference was found between Ch3 and the lateral areas Ch4/Ch 5 in TP. When the tongue was thrust forward, movement dynamics of the entire tongue changed and influenced contact between the tongue and palate during liquid intake with a straw. The impact was noticeably weaker on the median line than in lateral areas.
Using an updated time‐calibrated family‐level phylogeny of seed plants to test for non‐random patterns of life forms across the phylogeny
Authors: QIAN Hong , ZHANG Jian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDiversity and membership of species in a biological community result from the interplay between evolutionary and ecological processes. Plant ecologists often rely on family‐level phylogenies to address various issues of community assembly because phylogenies resolved at the species or genus level are generally not available. Here, we present an updated time‐calibrated family‐level phylogeny that includes all families of extant seed plants (i.e., angiosperms and gymnosperms) in the world, and use the phylogeny to show patterns of genus and species richness and life forms of all seed plant families in the world across the phylogeny. In addition, we use the phylogeny to examine whether life forms (woody vs. herbaceous) of seed plant families in the world are non‐randomly distributed across the phylogeny. Our study shows that life forms exhibit significant phylogenetic signal across the phylogeny of seed plants.
The evolutionary fate of Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) genes in allotetraploid Brassica napus
Authors: WANG Cui‐Ping , LIN Bin , ZHANG Yue‐Qin , LIN Yue‐Hui , LIU Ai‐Hua , HUA Xue‐Jun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlthough the regulatory and the functional aspects of proline accumulation in plant stress tolerance have been well‐documented since it was discovered more than half a century ago, the evolution of proline metabolic genes in polyploidy species and their diploidy progenitors is not understood so far. Here, we have studied the retention and the expression regulation of Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) genes in allotetraploid, Brassica napus, in comparison with its diploids progenitors, B. rapa and B. oleracea under salt stress. Our results indicated that all six P5CS1 genes from two diploid progenitors were retained. Sequence analysis revealed that all Brassica P5CS1 genes had a highly conserved exon–intron structure, similar to P5CS1 in Arabidopsis. In addition, two homeologous genes with different origin, BnaA.P5CS1.a and BnaC.P5CS1.d exhibited biased expression in different organs in B. napus, implying possible sub‐functionalization of P5CS1 in B. napus. All six P5CS1 genes were induced in response to salt stress in B. napus, which rendered gene dose advantage for the level of proline accumulation. These results indicate that in B. napus, P5CS1 gene loss has not occurred during polyploidization, which suggest conserved functionality and evolutionary benefit of proline accumulation for plant adaptation to environmental stresses.
At‐risk characteristics for hospital admissions and ED visits
Authors: Hudson Shannon M. , Mueller Martina , Hester William H. , Magwood Gayenell S. , Newman Susan D. , Laken Marilyn A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the factors associated with hospital utilization among infants and young children with complex chronic conditions (CCC).Design and MethodsA descriptive, retrospective study was conducted with 216 medical records of children with CCC.ResultsGreater complexity, younger age, living with siblings, use of public insurance or self‐pay, use of more than one type of insurance, and presence of conditions affecting certain body systems were associated with increased hospital and emergency department (ED) utilization.Practice ImplicationsNurses must have a heightened awareness of these at‐risk characteristics to prevent avoidable hospital admissions and ED visits.
A comprehensive study of distribution laws for the fragments of Košice meteorite
Authors: Gritsevich Maria , Vinnikov Vladimir , Kohout Tomáš , Tóth Juraj , Peltoniemi Jouni , Turchak Leonid , Virtanen Jenni 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this study, we conduct a detailed analysis of the Košice meteorite fall (February 28, 2010), to derive a reliable law describing the mass distribution among the recovered fragments. In total, 218 fragments of the Košice meteorite, with a total mass of 11.285 kg, were analyzed. Bimodal Weibull, bimodal Grady, and bimodal lognormal distributions are found to be the most appropriate for describing the Košice fragmentation process. Based on the assumption of bimodal lognormal, bimodal Grady, bimodal sequential, and bimodal Weibull fragmentation distributions, we suggest that, prior to further extensive fragmentation in the lower atmosphere, the Košice meteoroid was initially represented by two independent pieces with cumulative residual masses of approximately 2 and 9 kg, respectively. The smaller piece produced about 2 kg of multiple lightweight meteorite fragments with the mean around 12 g. The larger one resulted in 9 kg of meteorite fragments, recovered on the ground, including the two heaviest pieces of 2.374 kg and 2.167 kg with the mean around 140 g. Based on our investigations, we conclude that two to three larger fragments of 500–1000 g each should exist, but were either not recovered or not reported by illegal meteorite hunters.
He and Ne in individual chromite grains from the regolith breccia Ghubara (L5): Exploring the history of the L chondrite parent body regolith
Authors: Meier Matthias M. M. , Schmitz Birger , Alwmark Carl , Trappitsch Reto , Maden Colin , Wieler Rainer 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe analyzed He and Ne in chromite grains from the regolith breccia Ghubara (L5), to compare it with He and Ne in sediment‐dispersed extraterrestrial chromite (SEC) grains from mid‐Ordovician sediments. These SEC grains arrived on Earth as micrometeorites in the aftermath of the L chondrite parent body (LCPB) breakup event, 470 Ma ago. A significant fraction of them show prolonged exposure to galactic cosmic rays for up to several 10 Ma. The majority of the cosmogenic noble gases in these grains were probably acquired in the regolith of the LCPB (Meier et al. ). Ghubara, an L chondritic regolith breccia with an Ar‐Ar shock age of 470 Ma, is a sample of that regolith. We find cosmic‐ray exposure ages of up to several 10 Ma in some Ghubara chromite grains, confirming for the first time that individual chromite grains with such high exposure ages indeed existed in the LCPB regolith, and that the >10 Ma cosmic‐ray exposure ages found in recent micrometeorites are thus not necessarily indicative of an origin in the Kuiper Belt. Some Ghubara chromite grains show much lower concentrations of cosmogenic He and Ne, indicating that the 4π (last‐stage) exposure age of the Ghubara meteoroid lasted only 4–6 Ma. This exposure age is considerably shorter than the 15–20 Ma suggested before from bulk analyses, indicating that bulk samples have seen regolith pre‐exposure as well. The shorter last‐stage exposure age probably links Ghubara to a small peak of 40Ar‐poor L5 chondrites of the same exposure age. Furthermore, and quite unexpectedly, we find a Ne component similar to presolar Ne‐HL in the chromite grains, perhaps indicating that some presolar Ne can be preserved even in meteorites of petrologic type 5.
Kinetics of Xe‐P3 release during pyrolysis of the coarse‐grained fractions of Orgueil (CI) meteorite nanodiamonds
Authors: Fisenko A. V. , Verchovsky A. B. , Semjonova L. F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe kinetics of the release of the Xe‐P3 component from coarse‐grained fractions of Orgueil (CI) meteorite nanodiamonds has been investigated using stepped and isothermal pyrolysis. It has been shown that a first‐order chemical reaction diffusion model with a single activation energy cannot provide a satisfactory explanation for the observed retention of Xe‐P3 during parent body thermal metamorphism and the kinetics of Xe‐P3 release from nanodiamonds during isothermal pyrolysis. Using the activation energy and frequency factor calculated according to this model, it is shown that in the course of thermal metamorphism of the Orgueil meteorite almost the entire Xe‐P3 component must have been lost in a very short time (<4 yr at approximately 100 °C). However, the calculated retention of Xe‐P3 increases significantly if a diffusion model with a spectrum of activation energies is used. In this case, the model can explain not only a high retention of Xe‐P3 in the Orgueil nanodiamonds but also the release pattern of the Xe‐P3 from Semarkona and Bishunpur nanodiamonds that have experienced a significant gas loss during parent body metamorphism as well as the release of Xe‐P3 during isothermal pyrolysis of the Orgueil nanodiamonds. The energetically complicated Xe‐P3 distribution is most likely caused by structural damage to the nanodiamond grains or a complex phase composition of carbon in the surface layer of the diamond grains. It is supposed that the structural damage of the diamond grains can have a radiation origin, while the variations of the carbon phase composition in the grain's mantle can be caused by the radiation‐induced reactions and/or a thermal effect.
Microvascular Glycocalyx Dimension Estimated by Automated SDF Imaging is not Related to Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Amraoui Fouad , Olde Engberink Rik H. G. , van Gorp Jacqueline , Ramdani Amal , Vogt Liffert , van den Born Bert‐Jan H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe EG regulates vascular homeostasis and has anti‐atherogenic properties. SDF imaging allows for noninvasive visualization of microvessels and automated estimation of EG dimensions. We aimed to assess whether microcirculatory EG dimension is related to cardiovascular disease.MethodsSublingual EG dimension was estimated by SDF imaging in healthy volunteers and in patients visiting an outpatient clinic for vascular medicine of a university hospital in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. EG dimension was compared among healthy volunteers, patients with CVD, and patients at low (<10%) or high risk (≥10%) of CVD according to the Framingham algorithm.ResultsIn total 120 patients and 30 healthy volunteers were included. Patients had a mean age of 59 ± 14 years, 71 (59%) were men and 24 (20%) were black. Healthy volunteers were on average 28 ± 4 years and 19 (63%) were men. EG dimension was similar in healthy volunteers (2.04 ± 0.23 μm), low‐risk patients (2.05 ± 0.24 μm, n = 39), high‐risk patients (2.05 ± 0.23 μm, n = 30) and in patients with CVD (2.09 ± 0.21 μm, n = 51, p = 0.79). EG dimension was not correlated with cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionsMicrocirculatory EG dimension, as estimated by automated SDF imaging, is not associated with CVD, suggesting that this technique may not contribute to cardiovascular risk stratification.