bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated phosphoinositide 3‐kinase delta syndrome: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment
Authors: Zhu Ke , Li Qifan , Han Lingli , Sun Jinqiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractActivated phosphoinositide 3‐kinase delta syndrome (APDS) is an autosomal dominant inborn errors of immunity resulting from gain of function mutations in the PIK3CD gene or loss of function mutations in the PIK3R1 gene. These mutations lead to hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, causing complex deficiencies in cellular and humoral immunity. APDS patients exhibit diverse clinical manifestations including recurrent respiratory infections, nonneoplastic lymphoproliferation, an increasing risk of malignancy, and autoimmune diseases. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities, short stature, failure to thrive, and psychological disorders are also observed. Management strategies for APDS involve antibiotic prophylaxis and immunoglobulin replacement therapy, immunosuppressive therapies, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe cases. Targeted therapies, such as the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus and the elective Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase delta inhibitor leniolisib, have emerged as promising options, demonstrating both safety and effectiveness. Continuous monitoring and further research are essential to optimize treatment strategies and understand the long‐term implications of these interventions. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of APDS.
Unveiling the potential: exploring the efficacy of complex III inhibitors in fungal disease control
Authors: Jackson Victoria , Sherer Chris , Jordan Linda , Clohessy Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhytopathogenic fungi are a key challenge to maximizing crop yield and quality for a growing global population. In this review, we give an overview of representative compounds that inhibit complex III, also known as bc1 complex, covering quinone inside inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors, and quinone inside and outside inhibitors via the stigmatellin binding mode. Novel solutions to the escalating problem of resistance are still required, therefore compounds with alternative scaffolds, alternative docking modes, different mechanisms of action and improved efficacy against complex III necessitate ongoing research. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Method for prediction of the frost resistance ability of air‐entrained concrete based on the 3D air void characteristics by x‐ray micro‐CT
Authors: Skarżyński Łukasz , Miśkiewicz Mikołaj 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn modern construction, one of the most important factors in the execution of contracts is time. Standard procedures for assessing the frost resistance or concrete are usually very time‐consuming and can take up to 40 days. The current paper is experimentally and practically oriented. It presents an alternative testing method, based on air void network, that allows to assess the frost resistance of concrete within just a few days of taking the samples. X‐ray micro‐CT scans were introduced to obtain the quantitative and qualitative 3D information about the air void microstructure taking into account total air content: A (%), pores of the size below 300 μm in diameter content: A300 (%), specific surface of air voids: α (mm−1) and spacing factor: L (mm) to predict the freeze/thaw durability. To verify the assumptions of the frost resistance method, based on the analysis of pore microstructure, tests of freeze/thaw resistance in accordance with Polish supplement to European Standard were carried out. Presented research revealed that the appropriate microstructure of air pores, in particular, content of micropores with the diameter less than 0.3 mm: A300 combined with a spacing factor: L (mm) can constitute a reliable basis for determining concrete freeze/thaw durability. Thus, the method proposed in the current paper can be effectively used for fast and trustworthy determination of the air‐entrained concrete durability in a short time and without any special preparation of the tested sample that allows immediate preventive or repair actions to be taken if required.
Uterine fibroids and non‐informative cell‐free DNA screening results
Authors: Rolnik D. L. , Raymond Y. , Lee T. , Ramkrishna J. , da Silva Costa F. , Menezes M. , Meagher S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveUterine fibroids are monoclonal tumors, which are often genetically abnormal and associated with false‐positive genome‐wide cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening results, particularly when large. It is plausible that fibroids may also increase the risk of cfDNA failure by affecting fetal fraction or due to their genetic anomalies confounding cfDNA algorithms. We aimed to investigate a possible association between fibroids and cfDNA non‐informative results.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing cfDNA screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities between 2013 and 2020, comparing pregnancies with vs without uterine fibroids recorded on any obstetric ultrasound before 24 weeks' gestation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between fibroids and cfDNA failure, adjusting for gestational age, maternal age, weight and height at blood sampling, mode of conception, multiple gestation and test platform (chromosome‐selective or genome‐wide). Analyses were stratified according to the number of fibroids and total fibroid volume. The impact of fibroids on fetal fraction was assessed using linear regression, adjusting for the same covariates.ResultsAmong 19 818 pregnancies undergoing cfDNA screening, fibroids were reported in 2038 (10.28%) and cfDNA failure at the first screening attempt occurred in 228 (1.15%) pregnancies. Non‐informative results occurred in 1.96% of pregnancies with fibroids and 1.06% of pregnancies without fibroids (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.40 (95% CI, 1.65–3.48)). The risk of failure in the first screening attempt increased progressively with the number of fibroids (aOR, 5.05 (95% CI, 2.29–11.13) in women with four or more fibroids) and total fibroid volume, with greater than a 5‐fold and 14‐fold increase in risk among women with fibroid volumes of 100.1–400 mL (aOR, 5.52 (95% CI, 2.30–13.25)) and > 400 mL (aOR, 14.80 (95% CI, 4.50–48.69)), respectively. Although test failure was more common with chromosome‐selective than genome‐wide screening, fibroids similarly increased the risk of failure of both screening platforms. Compared to pregnancies without fibroids, those with fibroids had a fetal fraction on average 0.61% lower (adjusted mean difference, −0.61% (95% CI, −0.77% to −0.45%)).ConclusionUterine fibroids are associated with lower fetal fraction and an increased risk of cfDNA screening failure. The strength of this association increases with increasing fibroid number and volume. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Optical imaging for brown or beige adipose tissue
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Ni Linjie , Peng Minmin , Liang Yiying , Lu Chan , Zheng Hanying , Huang Zicheng , Zhang Jinde , Chen Ronghe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrently, one in three adults worldwide may be obese or overweight. Obesity is characterized by an excess of energy‐storing white fat. An ingenious and sought‐after strategy against obesity is to activate energy‐consuming beige fat, which is converted from white fat or brown fat. However, existing tools for assessing brown or beige fat activation in vivo have certain limitations, such as being cumbersome and expensive. Optical imaging is a relatively straightforward and economical imaging technique that utilizes light to peer into the structural–functional information of living organisms at multiple scales. Despite the availability of various optical imaging modalities for detecting brown or beige fat, there is a dearth of literature summarizing relevant studies. Accordingly, this review focuses on these optical modalities and elaborates on their imaging principles, characteristics, and recent research advances in the detection of brown or beige fat. Their imaging targets, advantages, and disadvantages are further concluded. As a methodological reference, this review can guide the selection of optimal optical modalities to noninvasively profile brown or beige fat activation from a specific biological perspective, maximizing the potential of optical imaging in anti‐obesity assessment.
Revealing the unique characteristics and strength of polycarbodiimide as an accelerator‐free crosslinker for low‐temperature processing of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber gloves for hand protection
Authors: Wan Azman Nadia , Fujiwara Masahiro , Enomoto Norihide , A. Rashid Azura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) gloves with sulfur crosslinked system consist of accelerators that pose a Type IV allergies problem with a risk to harm the health of the user. Alternative crosslinking system such as accelerator‐free (AF) crosslinker has been found and established to combat the health issues as replacement to the conventional crosslinker. This work emphasized the use of polycarbodiimide (PCDI) as a crosslinker, particularly PCDI with zinc oxide (ZnO) crosslink system. The effectiveness of PCDI as an AF crosslinker was compared with two conventional crosslink systems: sulfur with ZnO and ZnO only system. The swelling test results show the crosslink density of PCDI crosslink system achieved comparable value with conventional systems. It is expected that XNBR gloves with PCDI imposed superior mechanical and physical properties as sulfur system due to the formation of ionic crosslink resulting in much denser polymer network. The new PCDI crosslinker system offer cost reduction to gloves manufacturer as it can be cured at low temperatures from 60 to 80°C comparing to sulfur crosslinked system that normally cured at 140°C. PCDI offered a new generation of AF crosslinker in XNBR gloves with lower curing temperatures and to tackle health hazards, in place of the conventional crosslinker.Highlights
Emphasizes a significant change or improvement in the field of hand protection.
Suggests that polycarbodiimide possesses distinctive qualities that set it apart from other materials.
Highlights polycarbodiimide's effectiveness as a crosslinker without the need for accelerators, which are commonly used in rubber processing
Indicates a novel approach to processing rubber gloves, potentially reducing energy consumption or enabling new applications.
Specifies the type of gloves being discussed, indicating a focus on a specific material or product.
Changing Narratives in the History Oceanography
Authors: Adler Antony 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe formal scientific study of the oceans only gained prominence in the late nineteenth century. The earliest accounts of the development of oceanography focused on notable scientists whose contributions laid the groundwork for later oceanographic exploration. In the second half of the twentieth century, ocean sciences expanded considerably as increased government funding and technological advancements enabled more extensive research and exploration. Subsequently, scholarship on the history of oceanography grew as well, exploring themes that included the overlap of ocean science and empire, the transformative impact of World War II and the Cold War on oceanographic funding and research, and the rise of international collaboration. As the historiography of the history of oceanography evolves, scholars have increasingly adopted interdisciplinary research methods to develop more comprehensive understanding of humanity’s evolving relationship with the ocean.
National Museum of Aleppo
Authors: Pucci Marina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the history, current situation, and ongoing projects on the collection from the National Museum of Aleppo (Syria), sketching the history of its collection and the changing role of the museums in the past century. When museums face periods of conflict and destruction, not only their primary role to preserve heritage is challenged, but also the bond to the local community is severed. The National Museum of Aleppo is a perfect example in this matter: established under the French protectorate, rearranged by the Syrian government at the end of the 60s, it experienced a flourishing period, the violent conflict, a partial reopening, and the earthquake. Its collection, that was never looted, thanks to the efforts of the museum staff and the DGAM, has been damaged by shelling, has been in great part taken out from showcases, brought to safe deposits, and still not available to the public. Given this situation intervention to the collection and to the structure needs to embed the recent events and aims at reinstalling a new bond between the community and its cultural heritage.
The Role of Heritage Education in Post-conflict Livelihoods: Lessons from Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Khawam Georges , Jigyasu Rohit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the transformative role of heritage education in post-conflict livelihoods, focusing on Mosul, Iraq. It discusses the evolving United Nations definitions of “livelihoods” and the increasing recognition of culture and creative industries in post-conflict livelihoods. It highlights the role of intergovernmental organisations in implementing heritage-driven economic revival strategies, focusing on ICCROM Heritage Recovery Programme in Mosul implemented in the framework of the UNESCO “Revive the Spirit of Mosul” initiative. These strategies aim to generate livelihoods through tourism, cultural industries, and traditional craftsmanship, contributing to long-term stability and resilience in post-conflict regions. This chapter underscores the importance of heritage capacity building in increasing livelihoods after conflicts, as demonstrated by the preliminary success of the Mosul initiative, and concludes by emphasising the need for an integrated approach to heritage conservation and sustainable economic growth in post-conflict contexts.
Requirements for the Protection of the UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley (Afghanistan)
Authors: Toubekis Georgios 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe international efforts to establish a management system for the UNESCO World Heritage Bamiyan in Afghanistan, where fundamentalist terrorists once destroyed the world’s largest Buddhist figures, are discussed. A Cultural Master Plan based on remote sensing methods is being used to create a comprehensive inventory of archaeological zones, traditional settlements, water systems, and historical cultural monuments, and to monitor the effectiveness of conservation measures and urban development decisions on landscape change. The case of Bamiyan exemplifies the increasing politicization of outstanding heritage sites around the world that are subject to ongoing conflict, targeted iconoclastic raids, and criminal looting, among dynamic urban development and limited resources for conservation, destroying such sites and landscapes. Lessons learned highlight the importance of careful planning and management of development activities as an integral part of heritage conservation in international relief efforts in crisis areas, especially for World Heritage cultural landscapes. In the context of reconstruction efforts, the management of cultural heritage needs to consider a broader context that considers the identity of the people, the participation, and the revitalization of the affected communities in addition to the long-term preservation of the physical substance. Such an expanded notion of heritage recognizes local communities’ aspirations for inclusive social and economic development considering Landscape Values as Human Values for reaching Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
Quantum Software Engineering and Programming Applied to Personalized Pharmacogenomics
Authors: Hevia José Luis , Murina Ezequiel , Martínez Aurelio , Peterssen Guido 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProviding personalized drug therapy to polymedicated patients is a very complex situation, as not even the most powerful supercomputer in the world could, in a reasonable amount of time, process the enormous number of variables required. Fortunately, quantum computing opens up new possibilities in this field, especially thanks to its ability to efficiently combine a large number of variables. We present the basic idea of an extensible algorithm to deal with genetic polymorphisms, pharmacological polytherapy, and clinical condition, and the implementation of a prototype that allows for the calculation of the ideal dose for each patient considering their genomics and drug interaction. To this end, we have applied best practices of quantum software engineering to the development of quantum/classical software systems.
Superoperators for Quantum Software Engineering
Authors: Mauerer Wolfgang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs implementations of quantum computers grow in size and maturity, the question of how to program this new class of machines is attracting increasing attention in the software engineering domain. Yet, many questions from how to design expressible quantum languages augmented with formal semantics via implementing appropriate optimizing compilers to abstracting details of machine properties in software systems remain challenging. Performing research at this intersection of quantum computing and software engineering requires sufficient knowledge of the physical processes underlying quantum computations, and how to model these. In this chapter, we review a superoperator-based approach to quantum dynamics, as it can provide means that are sufficiently abstract, yet concrete enough to be useful in quantum software and systems engineering, and outline how it is used in several important applications in the field.
QSandbox: The Agile Quantum Software Sandbox
Authors: Exman Iaakov 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQSandbox is an agile software sandbox specifically designed for Quantum Software research and development. QSandbox agility goes beyond the System Under Development within the sandbox. QSandbox agility is itself modifiable since its high-level modules are varied at will by Quantum Software developers.QSandbox has a series of unique features suitable for agile development. It uses high-level abstraction meaningful modules, instead of low-level quantum gates of conventional simulators. It has instantly synchronized dual views—high-level quantum circuit and density matrix. It has uniform quantum and classical representation, implying the innovative idea of quantum circuits for classical software.
Quantum Software Quality Metrics
Authors: Cruz-Lemus José A. , Rodríguez Moisés , Barba-Rojas Raúl , Piattini Mario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUntil now, the quality problems of quantum software have been largely ignored. This chapter analyzes the applicability of models and metrics for quantum software and, to mitigate this lack of attention to quality issues, presents a set of metrics that have been proposed and empirically validated to characterize the complexity of quantum circuits in terms of their understandability. The validation experiment design, execution, and results are reported. In addition, the main functionalities of a prototype tool that has been created for the automatic computation of the metrics are briefly presented.
Gender Equality and the Failure of Political Imagination: Lessons for Reframing in Uncertain Times
Authors: Johnson Carol 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Australian government policy but also provides relevant international examples. The Australian Albanese government is committed to making Australia a world leader in gender equality again. However, it is attempting to do so in very difficult and uncertain times in which the government faces major social, economic, technological and climate change challenges. Furthermore, there is a backlash internationally in which gender issues are being mobilised to support authoritarian and radical right agendas. Meanwhile, culture war perspectives are impacting on Indigenous women’s rights. This chapter will explore some of the dilemmas that this and future Australian governments and governments internationally will face, from artificial intelligence to climate change. It will argue that gender equality policy has all too often been shaped by pre-existing policy frameworks designed to address other issues. Consequently, governments need to reassess and reimagine the policy frameworks they are using and this is even more important given the current and future challenges they face. At the same time, Australia, as a multicultural, settler-colonial society situated in the Asia–Pacific has some potentially interesting insights and lessons to offer, if Australian governments can seize the opportunity.
The Scars of the Eelam War: Eroded Trust in North-Eastern Sri Lanka
Authors: Li Jia , Ito Takahiro , Usoof-Thowfeek Ramila , Yamazaki Koji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the legacies of the protracted 1983–2009 Sri Lankan civil conflict using original household survey data. By differentiating individual- and household-level war exposure, voluntary and involuntary military service experience, and loss of family members of soldiers and civilians, we evaluated the influence of a wide array of war-time experiences on the trust level of people in war-torn regions. We found that civil conflict undermined political trust, and heightened inter as well as intra-ethnic divisions among the Sinhalese and Tamils in Sri Lanka. Thus, the Sri Lankan government needs to take action not only to restore political trust but also to promote reconciliation between the Sinhala and Tamil communities as well as within the Tamil community in war-torn regions.
Towards unpolarized GPDs from pseudo-distributions
Authors: Dutrieux Hervé , Edwards Robert G. , Egerer Colin , Karpie Joseph , Monahan Christopher , Orginos Kostas , Radyushkin Anatoly , Richards David , Romero Eloy , Zafeiropoulos Savvas ,   on behalf of the HadStruc collaboration
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present an exploration of the unpolarized isovector proton generalized parton distributions (GPDs) Hu−d(x, ξ, t) and Eu−d(x, ξ, t) in the pseudo-distribution formalism using distillation. Taking advantage of the large kinematic coverage made possible by this approach, we present results on the moments of GPDs up to the order x3 — including their skewness dependence — at a pion mass mπ = 358 MeV and a lattice spacing a = 0.094 fm.