bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternating Current Electro-Osmotic Flow of the Maxwell Fluids Through a Circular Micro-Pipe
Authors: Sun L.-X. , Jian Y.-J. , Chang L. , Zhang H.-Y. , Liu Q.-S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAnalytical solutions are presented for time periodic EOF flow of linear viscoelastic fluids through a cylindrical micro-pipe. The linear viscoelastic fluids used here are described by the general Maxwell model. The solution involves analytically solving the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation, together with the Cauchy momentum equation and the general Maxwell constitutive equation considering the depletion effect produced by the interaction between macro-molecules of the Maxwell fluid and the channel surface. The overall flow is divided into depletion layer and bulk flow outside of depletion layer. The velocity expressions of these two layers were obtained, respectively. By numerical computations, the influences of the periodic EOF electric oscillating Reynolds number Re, Deborah number De, depletion layer thickness δ and the viscosity ratio γ of Maxwell to Newtonian fluids on velocity profile are presented. For a prescribed De, the increasing Re will cause large changes of the EOF velocity with decreasing velocity magnitude. For a given Re, large De gives large EOF velocity magnitude. Increasing γ will lead to larger velocity amplitude for a given lower Re. However, at higher Re, the velocity amplitude decreases with the viscosity ratio γ, especially within the depletion layer. In addition, large depletion layer thickness gives small EOF velocity magnitude for fixed Re and De. Finally, the influence of De on energy dissipation is studied. These results provide a detail insight of the flow characteristic of this flow configuration.
Error Estimation for Neglecting Unsteady Hydrodynamic Forces in the Equation of Motion for an Immersed Pendulum
Authors: Yang F.-L. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe unsteady motion of a fully immersed solid sphere at low to moderate particle Reynolds number, from 1 to about 1600, has been modeled by considering the quasi-steady viscous drag, the added mass force, and the history force. The last force results from unsteady boundary layer growth and is often neglected in multiphase flow applications due to its complex formula. However, it has been shown that this unsteady viscous force is more crucial than the widely employed added mass force to describe an unsteady sphere motion. Thus, targeting the flow regime when the quasi-steady viscous drag is dominating, this work proposes two simple formulae to approximate the errors of neglecting either the history force or the added mass force in describing a fully immersed spherical pendulum motion. The proposed formulae are shown to capture the actual error when the numerical solution of a partial model that omits one force component is compared to the full model prediction when the sphere density is not too close to the ambient liquid.
The significance of the boundary between the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations on Holy Island, North Wales, to the deformation history of Anglesey
Authors: TREAGUS JACK E. , TREAGUS SUSAN H. , WOODCOCK NIGEL H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe boundary between the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations on Holy Island, Anglesey, has been described as a high strain zone or as a thrust. The boundary is here described at four localities, with reference to the contrasting sedimentary and deformational character of the two formations. At one of these localities, Borth Wen, sandstones and conglomerates at the top of the Rhoscolyn Formation are followed, without any break, by tuffs and then mudstones of the New Harbour Formation. It is concluded that there is clear evidence of depositional continuity across the boundary here, and that both formations subsequently shared a common two-phase deformation. The first (D1) was manifestly different in intensity and scale in the two formations, whereas the second (D2) produced very similar structures in both. The other three localities provide continuity of sedimentary and tectonic features at this boundary in a traverse along the length of Holy Island, leading us to identify two previously unrecognized major D1 folds in addition to the Rhoscolyn Anticline. At one of these localities (Holyhead), we confirm the presence of Skolithos just below the boundary, supporting radiometric evidence for a lower Cambrian or later age for the Rhoscolyn Formation. A turbidite interpretation for both the Rhoscolyn and New Harbour formations best fits the available evidence. A deep-water depositional environment is still compatible with the sporadic presence of Skolithos burrows, but less so with reported observations of hummocky and swaley cross-stratification lower down the South Stack Group.
Relationship between hearing loss and sexual dysfunction
Authors: Bakır S , Penbegül N , Gün R , Yorgancilar E , Kiniş V , Özbay M , Atar M , Güneş M 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjective:Deafness may be one of the factors that leads to a change in sexual function. This study aimed to assess sexual function, in particular erectile dysfunction, in male patients with hearing loss.Materials and methods:We studied two groups: (1) adult men with acquired, bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss, and (2) healthy, adult, married men demonstrated to have normal hearing levels, as the control group. Sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Functions questionnaire, and quality of life using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the International Index of Erectile Functions questionnaire results (p <0.001), both for each of the five questionnaire domain scores and for the total score.Conclusion:Our results indicate that men with mild or moderate sensorineural hearing loss have poorer sexual health.
Human hepatic stellate cells in primary culture are safe targets forLeishmania donovani
Authors: ROSTAN O. , ROBERT-GANGNEUX F. , LAMBERT M. , SAMSON M. , GANGNEUX J. P. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYLeishmaniaparasites can escape the immune response by invading cell types lacking leishmanicidal mechanisms. Silent persistence ofLeishmaniaparasites in the host organism is responsible for asymptomatic carriage and relapses after cured leishmaniasis. Here, we studied the interaction between Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC) andLeishmania.An original model of human HSC in primary culture infected withL. donovaniwas developed. The presence of intracellular parasites was studied and quantified using optical and confocal microscopy. HSC characteristics were studied using microscopy, methylene blue assay, long-term cultures and qPCR. We showed for the first time that human HSC are permissive toL. donovaniinfection, with no modification of HSC survival, growth rate and proinflammatory and fibrogenic characteristics. Intracellular parasites did not replicate but HSC had no effect on their survival. Indeed, after a 40-day culture, infected HSC cultures transferred on NNN medium yielded new promastigotes that were able to proliferate and efficiently infect new cells. HSC are permissive toL. donovani, with neither parasite killing nor apparent cell damage. Thus, HSC could act as potent sanctuary cells forLeishmaniain the liver, which could partially explain parasite reactivation after an asymptomatic carriage or a cured visceral leishmaniasis.
Human reasoning includes a mental logic
Authors: O'Brien David P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOaksford & Chater (O&C) have rejected logic in favor of probability theory for reasons that are irrelevant to mental-logic theory, because mental-logic theory differs from standard logic in significant ways. Similar to O&C, mental-logic theory rejects the use of the material conditional and deals with the completeness problem by limiting the scope of its procedures to local sets of propositions.
Financial planning for social care in later life: the ‘shadow’ of fourth age dependency
Authors: PRICE DEBORA , BISDEE DINAH , DALY TOM , LIVSEY LYNNE , HIGGS PAUL 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTAs policy makers in the United Kingdom and many other countries grapple with financing the needs of an ageing population, financial planning for social care in later life is high on political agendas. We draw on qualitative research with older couples in the United Kingdom about their intimate money practices to analyse the day-to-day meanings attributed to money, saving and consumption in the context of financial planning for later life and death. We find that expenditure on funerals and home adaptations is discussed, negotiated and planned, as is ‘downsizing’ to release capital from the home for financing day-to-day expenses and leisure expenses. These outcomes are within easy contemplation and indeed money practice of older couples. In contrast, end-of-life planning for domiciliary or residential care was virtually non-existent across all socio-economic groups, and couples employed a range of techniques to avoid making these discussions ‘real’. Costs (while well known) are seen as astronomical, details are scarce, intensive domiciliary care is never discussed, and death is seen as preferable to residential care. We theorise antipathy to care planning as a product of social and psychological construction of the ‘fourth age’ as a period of abjection, and therefore ‘wasted’ expenditure. Exhortations by policy makers for individuals to consider care costs will be ineffective without recognition of the cultural transformation of later life.
SUPPORTING DECISION MAKING IN CROSS-BORDER REGIONS: A HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR HOSPITALS
Authors: Knies Saskia , Lombardi Gloria , Commers Matt , Dauben Hans-Peter , Evers Silvia , Michelsen Kai , Oortwijn Wija , Opara Chibuzo , Brand Helmut 
Published: December 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop an health technology assessment (HTA) decision tool to support the decision-making process on health technologies for hospital decision makers in cross-border regions.Methods: Several methods were used to collect information necessary to develop the cross-border mini-HTA decision tool. The literature was inventoried on HTA in border regions and local settings and the use of HTA by local decision makers. Semi-structured interviews with hospital decision makers in cross-border regions were also performed. Based on group discussion of the resulting information, it was decided to use the Danish mini-HTA guideline as a starting point for development of the decision tool. After finishing the first version of the decision tool it was tested in two pilot studiesResults: Some questions in the Danish mini-HTA guideline were not relevant. Other questions needed rephrasing and questions about cross-border situations were added. The pilots showed several missing topics, including legal questions and reimbursement issues. The final decision tool consists of three sections: a general section, a section for hospitals not cooperating cross-border and a section for hospitals that are cooperating with hospitals across a national or regional border.Conclusions: Based on our literature search, this may be the first cross-border mini-HTA decision tool. The decision tool will be of help for healthcare professionals and decision makers in border settings who would like to use HTA evidence to support their decision-making process.
When do infants begin recognizing familiar words in sentences?
Authors: DEPAOLIS RORY A. , VIHMAN MARILYN M. , KEREN-PORTNOY TAMAR 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that by 11 but not by 10 months infants recognize words that have become familiar from everyday life independently of the experimental setting. This study explored the ability of 10-, 11-, and 12-month-old infants to recognize familiar words in sentential context, without experimental training. The headturn preference procedure was used to contrast passages containing words likely to be familiar to the infants with passages containing words unlikely to have been previously heard. Two stimulus words were inserted near the beginning and end of each of a set of simple sentence frames. The ability to recognize the familiar words within sentences emerged only at 12 months of age. The contrast between segmentation abilities as they emerge as a result of everyday exposure to language, as assessed here, and those abilities as measured in studies in which words are experimentally trained is discussed in terms of memory-based mechanisms.
Planning and its discontents: contradictions and continuities in remaking China's great cities, 1950–2010
Authors: LIANG SAMUEL Y. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT:This article offers a theoretical overview of the urbanization legacy of China's great cities since 1949. It shows a persistent contradiction between ideology/planning and urban sprawl/cellular urbanism. The symbolic function of city planning reflects official ideology giving the city a unified formal structure, but the implementation of the city plan is compromised in the process of urban development. The state governance fragments Chinese urban society into emplaced groups. This social division takes effect through the spatial division of various compounds that negotiate with rather than conform to city planning. Using a case-study of Guangzhou's urban development, the article shows how the state-led spatial practices continue in the post-socialist era and how a new kind of developmental ideology informs urban developments.
Semi-detached Britain? Reviewing suburban engagement in twentieth-century society
Authors: BALDERSTONE LAURA 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT:Over the last century, cultural and scholarly depictions of middle-class suburbia have created a stereotype that suggests detachment, indifference and the decline of community engagement. Yet, such accounts oversimplify the middle-class experience and the evolving nature of the urban/suburban relationship. Offering a review of existing literature, this article seeks to challenge existing stereotypes by revaluating the social networks constructed by middle-class ‘suburbans’. Far from detached and disengaged, the spatial analysis of associational membership in post-war Leicester reveals the need for a much wider revision of the British suburban narrative.
Prehospital Sepsis Project (PSP): Knowledge and Attitudes of United States Advanced Out-of-Hospital Care Providers
Authors: Báez Amado Alejandro , Hanudel Priscilla , Perez Maria Teresa , Giraldez Ediza M. , Wilcox Susan R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroductionSevere sepsis and septic shock are common and often fatal medical problems. The Prehospital Sepsis Project is a multifaceted study that aims to improve the out-of-hospital care of patients with sepsis by means of education and enhancement of skills. The objective of this Project was to assess the knowledge and attitudes in the principles of diagnosis and management of sepsis in a cohort of United States out-of-hospital care providers.MethodsThis was cross-sectional study. A 15-item survey was administered via the Web and e-mailed to multiple emergency medical services list-servers. The evaluation consisted of four clinical scenarios as well as questions on the basics of sepsis. For intra-rater reliability, the first and the fourth scenarios were identical. Chi-square and Fisher's Exact testing were used to assess associations. Relative risk (RR) was used for strength of association. Statistical significance was set at .05.ResultsA total of 226 advanced EMS providers participated with a 85.4% (n = 193) completion rate, consisting of a 30.7% rural, 32.3% urban, and 37.0% suburban mix; 82.4% were paramedics and 72.5% had worked in EMS >10 years. Only 57 (29.5%) participants scored both of the duplicate scenarios correctly, and only 19 of the 193 (9.8%) responded to all scenarios correctly. Level of training was not a predictor of correctly scoring scenarios (P = .71, RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.39-4.01), nor was years of service (P = .11, RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.16-1.21).ConclusionsPoor understanding of the principles of diagnosis and management of sepsis was observed in this cohort, suggesting the need for enhancement of education. Survey items will be used to develop a focused, interactive Web-based learning program. Limitations include potential for self-selection and data accuracy.Báez AA, Hanudel P, Perez MT, Giraldez EM, Wilcox SR. Prehospital sepsis project (PSP): knowledge and attitudes of United States advanced out-of-hospital care providers. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(2):1-3.
Confocal Raman Microscopy. Thomas Dieing, Olaf Hollricher, and Jan Toporski (Eds.)
Authors: Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: December 2012

Confocal Raman Microscopy. Thomas Dieing, Olaf Hollricher, and Jan Toporski (Eds.). Springer, New York, 2011, 289 pages. ISBN 978-3642125218Raman microscopy is the combination of Raman spectroscopy with optical light microscopy and was first presented in the mid-1970s. It combines the advantages of vibrational Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive technique providing a wealth of chemical information on the properties of molecules and solids with the imaging capabilities and small sample volume requirements of an optical microscope. “Seeing is believing”: Raman microscopy can visualize the inherent chemical inhomogeneity of a sample without the need of external labels, information that cannot be obtained from simply looking at an unstained sample in the standard optical microscope. During the last decade, confocal Raman microscopy has gone through a rapid development with respect to instrumentation and software as well as the diversity of applications.
Age-modulated association between prefrontal NAA and the BDNF gene
Authors: Salehi Basira , Preuss Nora , van der Veen Jan Willem , Shen Jun , Neumeister Alexander , Drevets Wayne C. , Hodgkinson Colin , Goldman David , Wendland Jens R. , Singleton Andrew , Gibbs Jesse R. , Cookson Mark R. , Hasler Gregor 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric and neurological disorders and in the mechanisms of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Psychiatric and neurological conditions have also been associated with reduced brain levels of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), which has been used as a putative marker of neural integrity. However, few studies have explored the relationship between BDNF polymorphisms and NAA levels directly. Here, we present data from a single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of 64 individuals and explore the relationship between BDNF polymorphisms and prefrontal NAA level. Our results indicate an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within BDNF, known as rs1519480, and reduced NAA level (p = 0.023). NAA levels were further predicted by age and Asian ancestry. There was a significant rs1519480 × age interaction on NAA level (p = 0.031). Specifically, the effect of rs1519480 on NAA level became significant at age ⩾34.17 yr. NAA level decreased with advancing age for genotype TT (p = 0.001) but not for genotype CT (p = 0.82) or CC (p = 0.34). Additional in silico analysis of 142 post-mortem brain samples revealed an association between the same SNP and reduced BDNF mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex. The rs1519480 SNP influences BDNF mRNA expression and has an impact on prefrontal NAA level over time. This genetic mechanism may contribute to inter-individual variation in cognitive performance seen during normal ageing, as well as contributing to the risk for developing psychiatric and neurological conditions.
Islamist Rationality: An Assessment of the Rational Choice Approach
Authors: Çavdar Gamze 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA growing body of literature criticizes the notion that Islamism issui generisand argues that it could be explained by existing conceptions about human behavior. This approach relies on rational choice theory and its derivatives, characterizing Islamists as rational political actors that engage in cost-benefit analysis and strategic calculation. This article evaluates the explanatory power of this characterization through three case studies, namely the Turkish Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi), the Jordanian Islamic Action Front (Jabhat al-Amal al-Islami), and the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan al-Muslimun). It argues that although the approach offers explanations for Islamist pragmatism, this characterization has three major limitations: lack of room for ideological change, extreme voluntarism between violence and non-violence, and lack of insight for intra-group gender relations.
Re-examinging the Wall of Separation: A Cross-National Study of Religious Pluralism and Democracy
Authors: Rebe Ryan J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMutual autonomy between religious and state institutions is often seen as a key ingredient for democratization. Yet, there are a large number of democracies with an established religion. If a separation of church and state is desirable for the maintenance of a stable democracy, then why do so many democracies continue to support religious institutions and practices? As the evidence from this study reveals, the difference between democracies and non-democracies does not depend on a wall of separation between church and state, but instead, on the protection of religious freedom for minority groups and the promotion of secular legislation.
Anaerobic degradation of propane and butane by sulfate-reducing bacteria enriched from marine hydrocarbon cold seeps
Authors: Jaekel Ulrike , Musat Niculina , Adam Birgit , Kuypers Marcel , Grundmann Olav , Musat Florin 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The short-chain, non-methane hydrocarbons propane and butane can contribute significantly to the carbon and sulfur cycles in marine environments affected by oil or natural gas seepage. In the present study, we enriched and identified novel propane and butane-degrading sulfate reducers from marine oil and gas cold seeps in the Gulf of Mexico and Hydrate Ridge. The enrichment cultures obtained were able to degrade simultaneously propane and butane, but not other gaseous alkanes. They were cold-adapted, showing highest sulfate-reduction rates between 16 and 20 °C. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries, followed by whole-cell hybridizations with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes showed that each enrichment culture was dominated by a unique phylotype affiliated with the Desulfosarcina-Desulfococcus cluster within the Deltaproteobacteria. These phylotypes formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster of propane and butane degraders, including sequences from environments associated with hydrocarbon seeps. Incubations with 13C-labeled substrates, hybridizations with sequence-specific probes and nanoSIMS analyses showed that cells of the dominant phylotypes were the first to become enriched in 13C, demonstrating that they were directly involved in hydrocarbon degradation. Furthermore, using the nanoSIMS data, carbon assimilation rates were calculated for the dominant cells in each enrichment culture.