bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical State Information of Bulk Specimens Obtained by SEM-Based Soft-X-Ray Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Terauchi Masami , Koshiya Shogo , Satoh Futami , Takahashi Hideyuki , Handa Nobuo , Murano Takanori , Koike Masato , Imazono Takashi , Koeda Masaru , Nagano Tetsuya , Sasai Hiroyuki , Oue Yuki , Yonezawa Zeno , Kuramoto Satoshi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractElectron-beam-induced soft-X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) that uses a grating spectrometer has been introduced to a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) for characterizing desired specimen areas of bulk materials. The spectrometer was designed as a grazing incidence flat-field optics by using aberration corrected (varied line spacing) gratings and a multichannel plate detector combined with a charge-coupled device camera, which has already been applied to a transmission electron microscope. The best resolution was confirmed as 0.13 eV at Mg L-emission (50 eV), which is comparable with that of recent dedicated electron energy-loss spectroscopy instruments. This SXES-SEM instrument presents density of states of simple metals of bulk Mg and Li. Apparent band-structure effects have been observed in Si L-emission of Si wafer, P L-emission of GaP wafer, and Al L-emissions of intermetallic compounds of AlCo, AlPd, Al2Pt, and Al2Au.
Clinicians’ views on the clinical utility of a revised definition of schema and its implications for the treatment of depression
Authors: Howarth Alan , Freeston Mark , Reichelt Katharina , James Ian A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe main objectives of this study were to compare the perceived utility of two definitions of schema (i.e. a standard Beckian vs. a revised definition). Fifty clinicians with varying degrees of training in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) received a presentation on the Beckian definition of schema before completing two questionnaires, one assessing the perceived utility of the definition, and another assessing the targets they would address in therapy and the techniques they would use to do so, using the Beckian definition. They then received a presentation on a revised definition before completing the questionnaires again; this time in relation to the revised definition. In a non-inferiority analysis the revised definition was rated as possessing not less clinical utility than the Beckian definition and was indeed rated higher. More targets and techniques were selected following the revised definition, relative to the Beckian definition. Further, there was a significant interaction between definition and targets and techniques selected, with a greater increase in the targets and techniques that are consistent with the revised definition. The results were independent of experience within mental health and practising CBT therapists. The revised definition was perceived to have clinical utility and the use of it in therapy would lead to a wider range of targets being addressed while using a wider range of clinical techniques. Importantly, those targets and techniques relate specifically to the revised definition. The implications of the results and future areas of research are discussed.
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated proteins is an efficient tool for manipulation of human mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Jo Junghyun , Hong Soomin , Choi Won Yun , Lee Dong Ryul 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDelivery of proteins has been regarded as the safest and most useful application in therapeutic application of stem cells, because proteins can regulate gene expression transiently without any genomic alteration. However, it is difficult to accurately measure efficiency or quantity of intracellular protein uptake. Here, we performed a comparison study of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-conjugated protein delivery system using seven arginine and Streptolysin O (SLO)-mediated system. To compare CPP- and SLO-mediated protein delivery systems, we used GFP and ESRRB protein, which is known to regulate pluripotency-related genes, for delivery into human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and human testicular stromal cells (hTSCs). We found that CPP-conjugated protein delivery was more efficient, lower cytotoxicity and higher biological activity than SLO-mediated protein delivery system. These results suggest that delivery of CPP-conjugated proteins is an efficient tool for introducing biologically active proteins into cells and may have important implications in clinical cell-based therapy.
Characteristic two-dimensional Fermi surface topology of high-Tc iron-based superconductors
Authors: Sunagawa Masanori , Ishiga Toshihiko , Tsubota Koji , Jabuchi Taihei , Sonoyama Junki , Iba Keita , Kudo Kazutaka , Nohara Minoru , Ono Kanta , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Matsushita Tomohiro , Arita Masashi , Shimada Kenya , Namatame Hirofumi , Taniguchi Masaki , Wakita Takanori , Muraoka Yuji , Yokoya Takayoshi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUnconventional Cooper pairing originating from spin or orbital fluctuations has been proposed for iron-based superconductors. Such pairing may be enhanced by quasi-nesting of two-dimensional electron and hole-like Fermi surfaces (FS), which is considered an important ingredient for superconductivity at high critical temperatures (high-Tc). However, the dimensionality of the FS varies for hole and electron-doped systems, so the precise importance of this feature for high-Tc materials remains unclear. Here we demonstrate a phase of electron-doped CaFe2As2 (La and P co-doped CaFe2As2) with Tc = 45 K, which is the highest Tc found for the AEFe2As2 bulk superconductors (122-type; AE = Alkaline Earth), possesses only cylindrical hole- and electron-like FSs. This result indicates that FS topology consisting only of two-dimensional sheets is characteristic of both hole- and electron-doped 122-type high-Tc superconductors.
Loss of NOX2 (gp91phox) prevents oxidative stress and progression to advanced heart failure
Authors: Parajuli Nirmal , Patel Vaibhav B. , Wang Wang , Basu Ratnadeep , Oudit Gavin Y. 
Published: March 2014

Oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role in experimental and human heart failure. However, the source of ROS (reactive oxygen species) is a key determinant of the cardiac adaptation to pathological stressors. In the present study, we have shown that human dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with increased NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2) levels, increased oxidative stress with adverse myocardial remodelling and activation of MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases). Advanced heart failure in mice was also associated with increased NOX2 levels. Furthermore, we have utilized the pressure-overload model to examine the role of NOX2 in advanced heart failure. Increased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload correlated with increased oxidative stress, and loss of NOX2 prevented the increase in oxidative stress, development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and increased myocardial MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity in response to pressure overload. Consistent with these findings, expression of disease markers revealed a marked suppression of atrial natriuretic factor, β-myosin heavy chain, B-type natriuretic peptide and α-skeletal actin expression in pressure-overloaded hearts from NOX2-deficient mice. Activation of MAPK signalling, a well-known mediator of pathological remodelling, was lowered in hearts from NOX2-deficient mice in response to pressure overload. Functional assessment using transthoracic echocardiography and invasive pressure–volume loop analysis showed a marked protection in diastolic and systolic dysfunction in pressure-overloaded hearts from NOX2-deficient mice. Loss of NOX2 prevented oxidative stress in heart disease and resulted in sustained protection from the progression to advanced heart failure. Our results support a key pathogenic role of NOX2 in murine and human heart failure, and specific therapy antagonizing NOX2 activity may have therapeutic effects in advanced heart failure.
Sentence Comprehension in Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kover Sara T. , Haebig Eileen , Oakes Ashley , McDuffie Andrea , Hagerman Randi J. , Abbeduto Leonard 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
Previous research has suggested that language comprehension might be particularly impaired in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but this profile has been only broadly characterized. In the current study, the authors examined sentence comprehension in school-age boys with ASD, including a subgroup with intellectual disability (ID), with particular attention paid to errors that might differentiate between lexically and syntactically based difficulties.

Method

Participants were boys with ASD (
n
= 45, ages 4–11 years) and younger typically developing boys (
n
= 45, ages 2–6 years). Comprehension was assessed with the Test for Reception of Grammar—Version 2 (TROG–2; Bishop, 2003). Error types were analyzed for a subset of items.

Results

Boys with ASD did not differ from younger typically developing boys matched on receptive vocabulary in overall sentence comprehension on the TROG–2 or the number of lexical errors committed. In contrast, the subgroup of boys with ASD and ID (
n
= 16) had poorer overall performance and committed more lexical errors than younger typically developing boys matched on nonverbal cognition.

Conclusions
On average, comprehension was delayed in school-age boys with ASD but not beyond receptive vocabulary expectations. Boys with ASD and ID, however, had a weakness in sentence comprehension beyond nonverbal cognitive expectations.
Statistics, gymnastics and the origins of sport science in Belgium (and Europe)
Authors: Delheye Pascal 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses the introduction of statistics in the field of gymnastics and its effect on the institutionalisation of physical education as a fully fledged academic discipline. Soon after Belgian independence, Adolphe Quetelet's research already resulted in large‐scale anthropometric statistics – indeed, he developed an index that is still being used and is better known under the name of the body mass index. His insights were applied by promoters of gymnastics who wanted to make physical education more scientific. Thus, Clément Lefébure, director of the Ecole Normale de Gymnastique et d'Escrime in Brussels, set up a comparative experiment (with pre‐ and post‐test measurements) by which he intended to show that the ‘rational’ method of Swedish gymnastics produced much better results than the ‘empirical’ method of Belgian/German Turnen. Lefébure's experiment, which was cited internationally but which was also strongly contested by opponents, was one of the factors that led to Swedish gymnastics being officially institutionalised in 1908 at the newly founded Higher Institute of Physical Education of the State University of Ghent, the first institute in the world where students could obtain a doctoral degree in physical education. Although it rested actually on very weak scientific foundations, the bastion of Swedish gymnastics built in Belgium in that pre‐war period collapsed only in the 1960s. From then on, sport science could develop fully within the institutes for physical education.
Precarious subjectivities are not for sale: the loss of the measurability of labour for performing arts workers
Authors: Turrini Mauro , Chicchi Federico 
Published: March 2014

Contemporary work increasingly presents itself as an immeasurable endeavour. The social and subjective spaces in which it is practiced are no longer easily circumscribed, and the conceptual categories that traditionally described its relationship with value now appear practically unusable. In particular, workers in the ‘creative industries’ are paradigmatic subjects of the ‘work fragmentation’ process of the post-Fordist era. Cutting across divisions between life and work, employment and unemployment, the performing arts are in many ways a laboratory of job flexibility, where innovative contractual arrangements and professional trajectories have been developed.
In this article, we have mapped the multiple forms that work has taken in the last two decades in Italy. The empirical data is derived from a combined method that utilizes both quantitative surveys and in-depth interviews with artists, technicians and organizers working in the fields of theatre, music, dance and video making. A central feature of the new regulative conditions, and therefore the experiences of these professionals, is the new relationship with time and, more specifically, the ‘loss of measurability’ of hired labour. The aim is to provide a multilayered analysis of the interactions between the socio-economic conditions, career pathways and cultural aspects, i.e. the expectations, reputation, self-perception and social recognition of these jobs. Accordingly, these work patterns are studied as self-employment strategies based on the diversification of activities and expertise, and at the same time, attempts to devise new spatial and temporal configurations of labour, epitomized by the hybrid condition of the ‘salaried employer’.
In these cases, precariousness emerges as a generative terrain of ambivalent subjectivities. On the one hand, the workforce is spontaneously mobilized and autonomously organized by the realization of desires, expression and self-fulfilment, beyond mere economic rewards. On the other, the labour itself becomes increasingly intertwined with ones life, as well as becoming immeasurable. Time loses its function as a unit of measure for compensation (i.e. as in work for a flat rate). This situation frequently leads to the spread of labour into other spheres of life and the risk of self-exploitation. To conclude, the new experiences of union organization and social movements, manifesting in the occupations of theatres, are examined as spaces where differing, and even opposing, solidarity and ‘class composition’ practices within the new creative labour(s) are experimented.
Dynamic Contrast–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Swift Andrew J. , Telfer Adam , Rajaram Smitha , Condliffe Robin , Marshall Helen , Capener Dave , Hurdman Judith , Elliot Charlie , Kiely David G. , Wild Jim M. 
Published: March 2014

Dynamic contrast–enhanced (DCE) time‐resolved magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a technique whereby the passage of an intravenous contrast bolus can be tracked through the pulmonary vascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of DCE‐MR pulmonary blood transit times in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Seventy‐nine patients diagnosed with PAH underwent pulmonary DCE imaging at 1.5 T using a time‐resolved three‐dimensional spoiled gradient echo sequence. The prognostic significance of two DCE parameters, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the first‐pass clearance curve and pulmonary transit time (PTT), along with demographic and invasive catheter measurements, was evaluated by univariate and bivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan‐Meier analysis. DCE‐MR transit times were most closely correlated with cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) and were both found to be accurate for detecting reduced CI (FWHM area under the curve [AUC] at receiver operating characteristic analysis = 0.91 and PTT AUC = 0.92, respectively) and for detecting elevated PVRI (FWHM AUC = 0.88 and PTT AUC = 0.84, respectively). During the follow‐up period, 25 patients died. Patients with longer measurements of FWHM (P = 0.0014) and PTT (P = 0.004) were associated with poor outcome at Kaplan‐Meier analysis, and both parameters were strong predictors of adverse outcome from Cox proportional hazards analysis (P = 0.013 and 0.010, respectively). At bivariate analysis, DCE measurements predicted mortality independent of age, gender, and World Health Organization functional class; however, invasive hemodynamic indexes CI, PVRI, and DCE measurements were not independent of one another. In conclusion, DCE‐MR transit times predict mortality in patients with PAH and are closely associated with clinical gold standards CI and PVRI.
The Serine‐Threonine Phosphatase Calcineurin is a Regulator of Endothelial Store‐Operated Calcium Entry
Authors: Vasauskas Audrey A. , Chen Hairu , Wu Songwei , Cioffi Donna L. 
Published: March 2014

Disruption of the endothelium leads to increased permeability, allowing extravasation of macromolecules and other solutes from blood vessels. Calcium entry through a calcium‐selective, store‐operated calcium (SOC) channel, Isoc, contributes to barrier disruption. An understanding of the mechanisms surrounding the regulation of Isoc is far from complete. We show that the calcium/calmodulin‐activated phosphatase calcineurin (CN) plays a role in regulation of SOC entry, possibly through the dephosphorylation of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Phosphorylation has been implicated as a regulatory mechanism of activity for a number of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) and SOC channels, including Isoc. Our results show that STIM1 phosphorylation increases in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) upon activation of SOC entry. However, the phosphatases involved in STIM1 dephosphorylation are unknown. We found that a CN inhibitor (calcineurin inhibitory peptide [CIP]) increases the phosphorylation pattern of STIM1. Using a fura 2‐acetoxymethyl ester approach to measure cytosolic calcium in PAECs, we found that CIP decreases SOC entry following thapsigargin treatment in PAECs. Luciferase assays indicate that thapsigargin induces activation of CN activity and confirm inhibition of CN activity by CIP in PAECs. Also, Isoc is significantly attenuated in whole‐cell patch‐clamp studies of PAECs treated with CIP. Finally, PAECs pretreated with CIP exhibit decreased interendothelial cell gap formation in response to thapsigargin‐induced SOC entry, as compared to control cells. Taken together, our data show that CN contributes to the phosphorylation status of STIM1, which is important in regulation of endothelial SOC entry and Isoc activity.
Validation and Cross-Cultural Pilot Testing of Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale: Self-Administered Instrument for Clinical Nurses
Authors: Lam Simon C. 
Published: March 2014

Objective.To perform detailed psychometric testing of the compliance with standard precautions scale (CSPS) in measuring compliance with standard precautions of clinical nurses and to conduct cross-cultural pilot testing and assess the relevance of the CSPS on an international platform.Design.A cross-sectional and correlational design with repeated measures.Setting.Nursing students from a local registered nurse training university, nurses from different hospitals in Hong Kong, and experts in an international conference.Methods.The psychometric properties of the CSPS were evaluated via internal consistency, 2-week and 3-month test-retest reliability, concurrent validation, and construct validation. The cross-cultural pilot testing and relevance check was examined by experts on infection control from various developed and developing regions.Results.Among 453 participants, 193 were nursing students, 165 were enrolled nurses, and 95 were registered nurses. The results showed that the CSPS had satisfactory reliability (Cronbach α = 0.73; intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.79 for 2-week test-retest and 0.74 for 3-month test-retest) and validity (optimum correlation with criterion measure;r= 0.76,P< .001; satisfactory results on known-group method and hypothesis testing). A total of 19 experts from 16 countries assured that most of the CSPS findings were relevant and globally applicable.Conclusions.The CSPS demonstrated satisfactory results on the basis of the standard international criteria on psychometric testing, which ascertained the reliability and validity of this instrument in measuring the compliance of clinical nurses with standard precautions. The cross-cultural pilot testing further reinforced the instrument's relevance and applicability in most developed and developing regions.
Review of potential legal frameworks for effective implementation and enforcement of MPAs in the high seas
Authors: Delfour-Samama Odile , Leboeuf Cédric 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) were initially introduced to protect coastal zones and are increasingly being proposed as part of a solution to an integrated approach in managing the oceans. There is also pressure for the use of marine reserves to play a part in the conservation strategy and management of mobile demersal and pelagic species in the high seas. However, as there is no coastal State, all States are free to use the open seas, and the relative success of MPAs depends on whether or not measures can be imposed on both domestic and foreign vessels. Therefore, the question is whether current international and national legislation is sufficiently effective to implement a solution to aid the success of MPAs or if new legal norms need to be introduced to aid the governance of the high seas. The implementation of a surveillance programme of maritime spaces would help to establish the efficacy of any review of the current legislation. New technical developments being utilized in surveillance have opened up the possibility of exploiting technology with a view to surveying and monitoring planet earth in an objective manner. But technical applications employed to manage risks can themselves be dangerous, as they create new risks for the maritime sector (e.g. espionnage). The maritime domain is a difficult and unpredictable environment in which to operate and, therefore, precludes the assured presence of human beings to perform monitoring tasks. Technology offers us the opportunity to overcome the physical difficulties by putting into practice surveillance using more effective methods. Identifying the appropriate technology and providing funding is a priority.
Resonant excitation of tilt mode in tidally deformed disks
Authors: Kato Shoji 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In a previous paper (Kato 2013, PASJ, 65, 75), we have shown that in deformed disks a pair of trapped oscillation modes can be resonantly excited through couplings with disk deformation. In this paper we examine in what cases tilts are excited on tidally deformed disks by the above-mentioned wave–wave resonant process. The results show that tilts can be excited in various evolutional stages of tidally deformed disks, although the wave mode coupled to the tilt and the tidal wave mode contributing to the resonance change with the evolution of disk stages.