bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme Drop Durability of Sintered Silver Traces Printed With Extrusion and Aerosol Jet Processes
Authors: Abusalma Hisham , Richards Hayden , Dasgupta Abhijit , Bujanda Andres , Tsang Harvey , Yu Jian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sintered silver is a popular material for printing conductive traces in printed hybrid electronics (PHE). However, due to the novel materials and printing techniques in PHEs, reliability still needs to be adequately characterized for all types of life-cycle application conditions. This paper focuses on characterizing the reliability of printed silver traces fabricated with extrusion printing and aerosol jet printing (AJP) processes, under severe shock conditions up to 40,000 g peak acceleration, resulting in very high strain magnitudes and strain rates. This study utilizes test specimens of cantilever form factor to study the reliability of three-dimensional printed traces and substrates. Traces printed using both techniques were found to withstand repetitive drops at up to 40,000 g peak acceleration. However, extrusion-printed silver traces were found to be more reliable than their AJP counterparts, because of the extruded traces' superior adhesion to the FR4 substrate and lack of sintering shrinkage cracks. Strain gauges revealed strains in excess of 10,000 με during a 40,000 g shock event. A calibrated finite element (FE) model revealed that the strains at the trace location exceeded 15,000 με during a 40,000 g shock event.
Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Self-Rated Health Status in Brazilian Older Adults
Authors: Olivares-Tirado Pedro , Zanga Rosendo 
Published: August 2024

In a longevity society, as we live longer, adopting healthy lifestyles is essential to develop and maintain functional ability, which enables well-being in older adults. We aim to examine the associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SBs) with self-rated health (SRH) status in older Brazilian adults. We analyzed 21,701 persons aged 60 or older from the Brazilian National Health Survey. A partial proportional odds model for SRH adjusted by sociodemographic confounders was estimated. The marginal effects of PA and SB on SRH status were expressed in terms of the average-adjusted probabilities. In addition, average-adjusted probabilities for the better and worse SRH status among representative cases of Brazilian socioeconomic inequalities were calculated. The main findings of the study indicate: (a) a significant positive association exists between PA and SRH status and, conversely, a negative association exists between SB and SRH; (b) the PA effect across daily sitting time watching TV attenuated and improved the probability of declaring a worse and better SRH status, respectively; and (c) the SRH status differences associated with PA and SB represent the socioeconomic inequalities in the older Brazilian population. Beyond some methodological limitations, we conclude that increasing PA and SB in older persons is significantly associated with better and worse SRH status, respectively. In addition, the results suggest that SRH status is a consistent health inequality measurement. In societies moving on longevity transition, substantial efforts are required in individuals’ behavior across the life courses and public policies to promote healthy aging.
Effect of a Perturbation-Based Balance Training Session on Adaptive Locomotor Response in Older Adults With a History of Falls
Authors: Faria Júlia O. , Favretto Maria E.C. , Bezerra Isadora S. , Santos Thiago F. , Lemos Tenysson W. , Junqueira Eduardo B. , Santiago Paulo R.P. , Moraes Renato 
Published: August 2024

Aim: To assess the adaptive response of older adults with a history of falls in a single Perturbation-Based Balance Training (PBT) session by examining the margin of stability (MoS) and the number of falls. Methods: Thirty-two older adults with a history of falls underwent a treadmill walking session lasting 20–25 min. During the PBT protocol, participants experienced 24 unexpected perturbations delivered in two ways: acceleration or deceleration of the treadmill belt, with 12 perturbations in each direction. The MoS in the anteroposterior direction was assessed for the first and last perturbations of the session, during the perturbation step (N) and the recovery step (REC), along with the number of falls during the training session. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in MoS between the first and last perturbations (acceleration and deceleration) for steps N and REC. Regarding the number of falls, a significant reduction was found when comparing the first half with the second half of the training session (p = .033). There were 13 falls in the first half and only three in the second half of the PBT session. Conclusion: Older adults with a history of falls exhibited an adaptive response with a reduction in the number of falls during a single session of PBT despite not showing changes in the MoS.
Tectonic and magmatic construction of lower crust in the Southern California Batholith
Authors: Schwartz Joshua J. , Miranda Elena A. , Klepeis Keith A. , Mora-Klepeis Gabriela , Lackey Jade Star , Robles Francine , Tibaldi Alina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We explore the growth of lower-continental crust by examining the root of the Southern California Batholith, an ~500-km-long, paleo-arc segment of the Mesozoic California arc that lies between the southern Sierra Nevada Batholith and northern Peninsular Ranges Batholith. We focus on the Cucamonga and San Antonio terranes located in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains where the deep root of the Mesozoic arc is exhumed by the Quaternary Cucamonga thrust fault. This lower- to mid-crustal cross section of the arc allows us to investigate (1) the timing and rates of Mesozoic arc construction, (2) mechanisms of sediment incorporation into the lower crust, and (3) the interplay between mantle input and crustal recycling during arc magmatic surges. We use U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology of four quartzites and one metatexite migmatite to investigate the origin of the lower-crustal Cucamonga metasedimentary sequence, and U-Pb zircon petrochronology of 26 orthogneisses to establish the timing of arc magmatism and granulite-facies metamorphism. We find that the Cucamonga metasedimentary sequence shares broad similarities to Sur Series metasedimentary rocks in the Salinia terrane, suggesting that both were deposited in a late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic forearc or intra-arc basin marginal to the Southern California Batholith. This basin was progressively underthrust beneath the arc during the Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous and was metamorphosed during two high-grade (&gt;750 °C), metamorphic events at ca. 124 Ma and 89–75 Ma. These metamorphic events were associated with 100 m.y. of arc magmatism that lasted from 175 Ma to 75 Ma and culminated in a magmatic surge from ca. 90 Ma to 75 Ma. Field observations and petrochronology analyses indicate that partial melting of the underthrust Cucamonga metasedimentary rocks was triggered by the emplacement of voluminous, mid-crustal tonalites and granodiorites. Partial melting of the metasedimentary rocks played a subsidiary role relative to mantle input in driving the Late Cretaceous magmatic flare-up event.
Paediatric diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis with Alport syndrome
Authors: Thanachatchairattana Pornsri , Losty Paul 
Published: August 2024

Diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis is a rare benign disease in the paediatric population. This report highlights a recent clinical case, together with a narrative review of current world literature.An early middle childhood girl with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections for 2 years was noted to have a retrocardiac lesion on chest X-ray, later confirmed to be an oesophageal mass on CT imaging. She underwent an Ivor-Lewis oesophagogastrectomy and a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty. Pathology examination revealed type I diffuse oesophageal leiomyomatosis. Alport syndrome was later confirmed following an episode of postoperative haematuria, which was corroborated by electron microscopy examination following renal biopsy.With an oesophageal mass lesion and Alport syndrome, oesophageal leiomyomatosis should be suspected in any patient with a clinical history of dysphagia and/or respiratory symptoms. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue biopsy is valuable for diagnosis of all suspected lesions. Surgical resection is mandatory to effect cure.
Increase in major osteoporotic fractures after therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Ye Carrie , Zhao Bo , Leslie William D , Ruiz Juan Ignacio , Zhao Hui , Abdel-Wahab Noha , Suarez-Almazor Maria E 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause severe and sometimes long-standing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Enhanced immune activation from ICI can theoretically result in osteoclast activation, bone loss and fracture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence rates of major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) in patients with melanoma treated with ICI.MethodsWe conducted a before–after cohort study using a commercial healthcare claims dataset of adult patients with melanoma from the USA who received ICI therapy between 2011 and 2022. Incidence rates of MOF before and after ICI initiation were ascertained using International Classification of Diseases 9/10 diagnostic codes.ResultsThe study cohort included 3137 patients, mean age was 68 years, of which 2010 (64%) were men. 40 (1.3%) patients had an MOF in the year before ICI initiation and 57 (1.8%) and 34 (1.8%) had an MOF in the first and second years after ICI initiation, respectively. The HR for MOF over the first year after versus the year before the first ICI dose was 1.82 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.66), and it was 1.85 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.90) over the second year. Prior fracture, older age, female sex and combination ICI therapy were associated with greater risk of MOF after ICI initiation.ConclusionPatients who receive ICI are at increased risk of MOF after receiving therapy. Given the plausible biological pathway, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures may represent a novel irAE of ICI therapy.
Mapping review of ‘proof-of-concept’ in mental health implementation research using the TRL framework: a need for a better focus and conceptual clarification
Authors: Woods Cindy E , Lukersmith Sue , Salvador-Carulla Luis 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundProof-of-concept (PoC) development is a key step in implementation sciences. However, there is a dearth of studies in this area and the use of this term in health and social sciences is ambiguous.ObjectiveThe objective was to remove the ambiguity surrounding the PoC and pilot study stage in the research development process using a standard system to rate the development of projects and applications provided by the Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) framework.DesignMapping review and critical analysis using TRL as the standard measure.Search strategy and charting methodPubMed and PsycInfo databases were searched for papers that reported PoC studies of mental health interventions up to August 2023. Data were extracted, described and tabulated.Eligibility criteriaIncluded were PoC studies in mental health implementation research. Exclusion criteria were research relating to biomedical (drugs) development, neurocognitive tools, neuropsychology, medical devices, literature reviews or discussion papers or that did not include the term ‘proof-of-concept’ in the title, abstract or text.ResultsFrom the 83 citations generated from the database search, 22 studies were included in this mapping review. Based on the study title, abstract and text, studies were categorised by research development stage according to the TRL framework. This review showed 95% of the studies used PoC incorrectly to describe the development stage of their research but which were not at this specific level of project development.ConclusionsThe TRL was a useful reference framework to improve terminological clarity around the term ‘proof-of-concept’ in implementation research. To extend the use of TRL in implementation sciences, this framework has now been adapted and validated to a health and social science-related research context accompanied by a health-related glossary of research process terms and definitions to promote a common vocabulary and shared understanding in implementation sciences.
Real-world implementation of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise: what do football teams modify and why?
Authors: Dalen-Lorentsen Torstein , O'Brien James , Harøy Joar 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the use and modification of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise in football (soccer) teams, including the reasons for modification and alternate injury-prevention strategies.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, staff members from a convenience sample of 50 male elite, academy and amateur football teams in Norway, Germany and Austria completed an online questionnaire focussing on the implementation of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise. Fourteen of the staff members also completed an interview.ResultsForty-two teams (84%) reported using the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise, but the majority (65%) had modified the original programme. Modifications included changes to sets, repetitions, progressions and frequency and were particularly common among elite teams. The main reasons for modifications were managing overall player load, experiences and beliefs and individualisation. Despite modifications, all teams followed the basic principles of the original programme.ConclusionThe adoption of the Copenhagen Adduction Exercise by football teams is high, but the vast majority of teams modify the programme. Despite these modifications, the basic principles of the programme are maintained.
Unintentional childhood mortality during emergencies in Israel: a comparative study
Authors: Agam Aviad , Godler Yigal , Calif Elad 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundArmed conflicts are likely to have implications for the welfare and safety of children, potentially leading to increased rates of unintentional childhood injuries.MethodsWe examine data from Israel concerning the relationship between emergencies and childhood mortality due to unintentional injuries using the media-based database ofBeterem Safe Kids Israelto analyse seven events: 2008 Gaza War, 2014 Gaza War, first COVID-19 Lockdown, second COVID-19 Lockdown (September 2020), third COVID-19 Lockdown (December 2020), 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis and 2023 Israel–Gaza War. These events are categorised into Emergency Periods (EPs) and Emergency Routine Periods (periods during which an emergency extends and normalises into a stable routine; ERPs). For each EP we selected a comparable Routine Period (RP).ResultsUnintentional childhood mortality rates are lower during EPs, compared with RPs. Conversely, there is an increase in unintentional mortality rates during ERPs. EPs and ERPs occurring during armed conflicts exhibit higher unintentional mortality rates compared with health-related EPs and ERPs. Furthermore, military-related ERPs show higher unintentional mortality rates compared with the corresponding RPs. Unintentional mortality rates are notably higher among Arab children compared with Jewish children, particularly during ERPs. Unintentional childhood mortality also differs as a function of socioeconomic ranking, with widening gaps between municipalities of low socioeconomic ranking and municipalities of medium to high socioeconomic ranking, during EPs and ERPs.ConclusionsWe hypothesise that parents’ emotional availability declines during EPs and ERPs associated with military conflicts, coinciding with socioeconomic aspects, impacting families’ well-being and children’s safety.
State assault weapons bans are associated with fewer fatalities: analysis of US county mass shooting incidents (2014–2022)
Authors: DiMaggio Charles J , Klein Michael , Young Claire , Bukur Marko , Berry Cherisse , Tandon Manish , Frangos Spiros 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe need for evidence to inform interventions to prevent mass shootings (MS) in the USA has never been greater.MethodsData were abstracted from the Gun Violence Archive, an independent online database of US gun violence incidents. Descriptive analyses consisted of individual-level epidemiology of victims, suspected shooters and weapons involved, trends and county-level choropleths of population-level incident and fatality rates. Counties with and without state-level assault weapons bans (AWB) were compared, and we conducted a multivariable negative binomial model controlling for county-level social fragmentation, median age and number of gun-related homicides for the association of state-level AWB with aggregate county MS fatalities.Results73.3% (95% CI 72.1 to 74.5) of victims and 97.2% (95% CI 96.3 to 98.3) of shooters were males. When compared with incidents involving weapons labelled ‘handguns’, those involving a weapon labelled AR-15 or AK-47 were six times more likely to be associated with case-fatality rates greater than the median (OR=6.1, 95% CI 2.3 to 15.8, p<0.00001). MS incidents were significantly more likely to occur on weekends and during summer months. US counties in states without AWB had consistently higher MS rates throughout the study period (p<0.0001), and the slope for increase over time was significantly lower in counties with AWB (beta=−0.11, p=0.01). In a multivariable negative binomial model, counties in states with AWB were associated with a 41% lower incidence of MS fatalities (OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.97, p=0.02).ConclusionsCounties located in states with AWB were associated with fewer MS fatalities between 2014 and 2022.
Micro-WADA and balloon test occlusion for sacrifice of distal P2 aneurysm
Authors: Tebha Sameer Saleem , Underwood Robert , Sagi Vishwanath , Ding Dale , Starke Robert M , Abecassis Isaac Josh 
Published: August 2024

Here we present a fusiform, partially thrombosed, previously ruptured aneurysm in the posterior cerebral artery that was treated with parent vessel sacrifice after a micro-WADA and micro-balloon test occlusion (video 1). These aneurysms pose treatment challenges due to their deep location, morphology, and potentially eloquent distal supply.1 2 Primary coiling, stent assisted coiling, or microsurgical clipping are often not viable options, whereas flow diversion, parent vessel sacrifice,3 or trapping with bypass are usually employed. Pharmacological provocative testing via a micro-WADA4 5 with or without a micro-balloon test occlusion is critical to establish whether the territory at risk has functional eloquence, although specific reports for using these techniques are limited. We describe the patient presentation, initial treatment attempt and failure, and our protocol for performing a micro-WADA/balloon test occlusion test.Video 1 Micro wada for PCA aneurysm.
Effect of mannitol on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hemmati Maslakpak Masumeh , Negargar Sohrab , Farbod Ali , Khalili Ahmadali , Bilehjani Eisa , Alinejad Vahid , Faravan Amir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivePostoperative delirium (POD), especially after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), is a relatively common and severe complication increasing side effects, length of hospital stay, mortality and healthcare resource costs. This study aimed to determine the impact of using mannitol serum in the prime of CPB for preventing the occurrence of delirium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.MethodsThis study is a single-centre, double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial that was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023. Patients in the age range of 18–70 who underwent elective coronary artery bypass surgery were included in the study. In the control group (n=45), the prime solution included Ringer’s lactate serum. In the intervention group (n=45), the prime solution consisted of 200 mL mannitol serum and Ringer’s lactate serum. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of POD. Secondary outcomes included the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 30-day in-hospital mortality.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics and risk factors between the control and intervention groups (p<0.05). However, the incidence of POD was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (22.25% vs 42.2%, p=0.035). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in ICU (p<0.05). Additionally, mortality rates and rates of return to the operating room did not differ significantly between the two groups (p<0.05).ConclusionsThis study concluded that adding mannitol to the prime of CPB pump can help reduce the incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery.Trial registration numberIRCT20221129056660N1.
Systolic blood pressure at age 40 and 30-year stroke risk in men and women
Authors: Walle-Hansen Marte Meyer , Hagberg Guri , Myrstad Marius , Berge Trygve , Vigen Thea , Ihle-Hansen Hege , Thommessen Bente , Ariansen Inger , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Røsjø Helge , Rønning Ole Morten , Tveit Arnljot , Ihle-Hansen Håkon 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAmerican and European guidelines define hypertension differently and are sex agnostic. Our aim was to assess the impact of different hypertension thresholds at the age of 40 on 30-year stroke risk and to examine sex differences.MethodsWe included 2608 stroke-free individuals from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study, a Norwegian regional study conducted in 2012–2015 of the 1950 birth cohort, who had previously participated in the Age 40 Program, a nationwide health examination study conducted in 1990–1993. We categorised participants by systolic blood pressure (SBP) at age 40 (<120 mm Hg (reference), 120–129 mm Hg, 130–139 mm Hg and ≥140 mm Hg) and compared stroke risk using Cox proportional hazard regressions adjusted for age, sex, smoking, cholesterol, physical activity, obesity and education. Fatal and non-fatal strokes were obtained from the Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2020, in addition to self-reported strokes.ResultsThe mean age was 40.1±0.3 years (50.4% women) and mean SBP was 128.3±13.5 mm Hg (mean±SD). Stroke occurred in 115 (4.4%) individuals (32 (28%) women and 83 (72%) men) during 29.4±2.9 years of follow-up. SBP between 130 and 139 mm Hg was not associated with stroke (adjusted HR 1.71, 95% CI 0.87 to 3.36) while SBP ≥140 mm Hg was associated with increased stroke risk (adjusted HR 3.11, 95% CI 1.62 to 6.00). The adjusted HR of stroke was 4.32 (95% CI 1.66 to 11.26) for women and 2.66 (95% CI 1.03 to 6.89) for men, with non-significant sex interactions.ConclusionsSBP ≥140 mm Hg was significantly associated with 30-year stroke risk in both sexes. A small subgroup of women had SBP ≥140 mm Hg and systolic hypertension was a strong risk factor for stroke in these women.Trial registration numberNCT01555411.