bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platform for Efficient Switching between Multiple Devices in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Vanhove T. , Dejonghe E. , Feys M. , Herinckx T. , Vankelecom J. , Decruyenaere J. , De Turck F. , De Backere F. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems”.Objectives: Handheld computers, such as tablets and smartphones, are becoming more and more accessible in the clinical care setting and in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). By making the most useful and appropriate data available on multiple devices and facilitate the switching between those devices, staff members can efficiently integrate them in their workflow, allowing for faster and more accurate decisions. This paper addresses the design of a platform for the efficient switching between multiple devices in the ICU. The key functionalities of the platform are the integration of the platform into the workflow of the medical staff and providing tailored and dynamic information at the point of care.Methods: The platform is designed based on a 3-tier architecture with a focus on extensibility, scalability and an optimal user experience. After identification to a device using Near Field Communication (NFC), the appropriate medical information will be shown on the selected device. The visualization of the data is adapted to the type of the device. A web-centric approach was used to enable extensibility and portability.Results: A prototype of the platform was thoroughly evaluated. The scalability, performance and user experience were evaluated. Performance tests show that the response time of the system scales linearly with the amount of data. Measurements with up to 20 devices have shown no performance loss due to the concurrent use of multiple devices.Conclusions: The platform provides a scalable and responsive solution to enable the efficient switching between multiple devices. Due to the web-centric approach new devices can easily be integrated. The performance and scalability of the platform have been evaluated and it was shown that the response time and scalability of the platform was within an acceptable range.
Inverse Hysteresis Compensation of One-Dimensional Piezoelectric Scanner with Generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii Model
Authors: Luo Dong , Chen Si Hai , Chen Wei , Jiao Guo Hua , Lu Yuan Fu 
Published: June 2014

Laser scanner is one of the key components in laser radar, adaptive optics, space optical communications and other fields, which can achieve precise control of the laser beam deflection or scanning. Due to the high precision, high bandwidth and small momentum of inertia, piezoelectric scanner has been widely developed in recent years. It’s necessary to design hysteresis compensation algorithm because the hysteresis effect of piezoelectric ceramics will affect the scanning accuracy of one-dimensional piezoelectric scanner. In the paper, we firstly establish an inverse hysteresis model based on the generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii model which describes properties of the piezoelectric ceramic, then use particle swarm algorithm to identify the parameters of inverse hysteresis model, obtaining a triangular wave signal with inverse hysteresis to drive one-dimensional piezoelectric scanner. Experimental results show that the scanning nonlinearity is improved from 3.5% to less than 1% after driven by triangular wave votlage within 50Hz, the scanning accuracy of one-dimensional piezoelectric scanner is improved effectively.
Solar wind pressure pulse‐driven magnetospheric vortices and their global consequences
Authors: Shi Q. Q. , Hartinger M.D. , Angelopoulos V. , Tian A.M. , Fu S.Y. , Zong Q.‐G. , Weygand J. M. , Raeder J. , Pu Z.Y. , Zhou X.Z. , Dunlop M.W. , Liu W.L. , Zhang H. , Yao Z.H. , Shen X.C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe report the in situ observation of a plasma vortex induced by a solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement in the nightside plasma sheet using multipoint measurements from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) satellites. The vortex has a scale of 5–10 Re and propagates several Re downtail, expanding while propagating. The features of the vortex are consistent with the prediction of the Sibeck (1990) model, and the vortex can penetrate deep (~8 Re) in the dawn‐dusk direction and couple to field line oscillations. Global magnetohydrodynamics simulations are carried out, and it is found that the simulation and observations are consistent with each other. Data from THEMIS ground magnetometer stations indicate a poleward propagating vortex in the ionosphere, with a rotational sense consistent with the existence of the vortex observed in the magnetotail.
A tailward moving current sheet normal magnetic field front followed by an earthward moving dipolarization front
Authors: Hwang K.‐J. , Goldstein M. L. , Moore T. E. , Walsh B. M. , Baishev D. G. , Moiseyev A. V. , Shevtsov B. M. , Yumoto K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA case study is presented using measurements from the Cluster spacecraft and ground‐based magnetometers that show a substorm onset propagating from the inner to outer plasma sheet. On 3 October 2005, Cluster, traversing an ion‐scale current sheet at the near‐Earth plasma sheet, detected a sudden enhancement of Bz, which was immediately followed by a series of flux rope structures. Both the local Bz enhancement and flux ropes propagated tailward. Approximately 5 min later, another Bz enhancement, followed by a large density decrease, was observed to rapidly propagate earthward. Between the two Bz enhancements, a significant removal of magnetic flux occurred, possibly resulting from the tailward moving Bz enhancement and flux ropes. In our scenario, this flux removal caused the magnetotail to be globally stretched so that the thinnest sheet formed tailward of Cluster. The thinned current sheet facilitated magnetic reconnection that quickly evolved from plasma sheet to lobe and generated the later earthward moving dipolarization front (DF) followed by a reduction in density and entropy. Ground magnetograms located near the meridian of Cluster's magnetic foot points show two‐step bay enhancements. The positive bay associated with the first Bz enhancement indicates that the substorm onset signatures propagated from the inner to the outer plasma sheet, consistent with the Cluster observation. The more intense bay features associated with the later DF are consistent with the earthward motion of the front. The event suggests that current disruption signatures that originated in the near‐Earth current sheet propagated tailward, triggering or facilitating midtail reconnection, thereby preconditioning the magnetosphere for a later strong substorm enhancement.
Geotail observation of upper band and lower band chorus elements in the outer magnetosphere
Authors: Yagitani Satoshi , Habagishi Toshihiro , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUsing the Geotail observation of upper band and lower band (dual‐band) rising tone chorus emissions in the dayside outer magnetosphere, we evaluate the mechanism of creating their frequency gap bandwidths, on the basis of a nonlinear damping mechanism at half the local gyrofrequency proposed by Omura et al. (2009). For ELF dual‐band chorus elements observed in the dayside of the equatorial outer magnetosphere (L ∼ 10.5), the lower cutoff frequency of the upper band elements follows half the local gyrofrequency. On the other hand, the upper cutoff of the lower band elements is almost consistent with half the gyrofrequency at a minimum‐B pocket (a possible chorus generation region) along the field lines connecting Geotail according to the Tsyganenko geomagnetic TS05 model. This is consistent with the scenario that the rising tone wave packet initially excited in a wide frequency range suffers from damping at half the local gyrofrequencies during quasi‐parallel propagation. Since the local gyrofrequency gradually increases away from the generation region, the upper cutoff of a lower band element should represent half the gyrofrequency at the generation region, whereas the lower cutoff of an upper band element should follow half the local gyrofrequency. We confirm that the frequency sweep rates and amplitudes of the observed chorus wave packets are consistent with those predicted by the nonlinear growth theory of chorus emissions, except for the frequency gap. This indicates an observational evidence of nonlinear chorus generation in the minimum‐B pocket in the outer magnetosphere and creation of dual‐band elements due to nonlinear damping through quasi‐parallel wave propagation.
The role of tributary relative timing and sequencing in controlling large floods
Authors: Pattison Ian , Lane Stuart N. , Hardy Richard J. , Reaney Sim M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHydrograph convolution is a product of tributary inputs from across the watershed. The time‐space distribution of precipitation, the biophysical processes that control the conversion of precipitation to runoff and channel flow conveyance processes, are heterogeneous and different areas respond to rainfall in different ways. We take a subwatershed approach to this and account for tributary flow magnitude, relative timing, and sequencing. We hypothesize that as the scale of the watershed increases so we may start to see systematic differences in subwatershed hydrological response. We test this hypothesis for a large flood (T > 100 years) in a large watershed in northern England. We undertake a sensitivity analysis of the effects of changing subwatershed hydrological response using a hydraulic model. Delaying upstream tributary peak flow timing to make them asynchronous from downstream subwatersheds reduced flood magnitude. However, significant hydrograph adjustment in any one subwatershed was needed for meaningful reductions in stage downstream, although smaller adjustments in multiple tributaries resulted in comparable impacts. For larger hydrograph adjustments, the effect of changing the timing of two tributaries together was lower than the effect of changing each one separately. For smaller adjustments synergy between two subwatersheds meant the effect of changing them together could be greater than the sum of the parts. Thus, this work shows that while the effects of modifying biophysical catchment properties diminishes with scale due to dilution effects, their impact on relative timing of tributaries may, if applied in the right locations, be an important element of flood management.
An empirical model for the plasma environment along Titan's orbit based on Cassini plasma observations
Authors: Smith H. Todd , Rymer Abigail M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPrior to Cassini's arrival at Saturn, the nitrogen‐rich dense atmosphere of Titan was considered as a significant, if not dominant, source of heavy ions in Saturn's magnetosphere. While nitrogen was detected in Saturn's magnetosphere based on Cassini observations, Enceladus instead of Titan appears to be the primary source. However, it is difficult to imagine that Titan's dense atmosphere is not a source of nitrogen. In this paper, we apply the Rymer et al.'s (2009) Titan plasma environment categorization model to the plasma environment along Titan's orbit when Titan is not present. We next categorize the Titan encounters that occurred since Rymer et al. (2009). We also produce an empirical model for applying the probabilistic occurrence of each plasma environment as a function of Saturn local time (SLT). Finally, we summarized the electron energy spectra in order to allow one to calculate more accurate electron‐impact interaction rates for each plasma environment category. The combination of this full categorization versus SLT and empirical model for the electron spectrum is critical for understanding the magnetospheric plasma and will allow for more accurate modeling of the Titan plasma torus.
In situ signatures of residual plasmaspheric plumes: Observations and simulation
Authors: Goldstein J. , Thomsen M. F. , DeJong A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe compare in situ observations of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzers with output of a dynamic, plasmapause test particle (PTP) simulation for the moderately disturbed interval 18–20 January 2000. In the model, weakly enhanced convection on 18 January creates a narrow drainage plume (plume A) that wraps completely around the main torus. Moderate convection on 19 January triggers significant plasmaspheric erosion, forming a second plume (B) that coexists with the narrow, wrapped, residual plume A. We fly three virtual LANL satellites through the simulation domain. The observations are globally consistent with the PTP simulation; LANL data contain several intervals of plume plasma in the model's predicted magnetic local time (MLT) sector. The modeled durations of plume sector transits are in good agreement with the LANL data. On a subglobal scale, the MLT widths and timings of the simulated plumes do not precisely agree with observations. However, several observation intervals exhibit good morphological agreement with virtual spacecraft signatures of two distinct, coexisting plumes (A and B). The fine‐scale structure in the PTP model arises from the merging of residual plume A with the newer plume B. Plume merging is one theoretical means of generating fine structure in the plasmasphere: during multiple cycles of erosion and recovery, successive layers of wrapped, residual plumes can merge with newer plumes, creating layers of filamentary density structure. The model‐data comparisons suggest that the plasmaspheric density distribution may preserve some memory of prior epochs of erosion and recovery.
Functional Impairments Characterizing Mild, Moderate, and Severe Hallux Valgus
Authors: Hurn Sheree E. , Vicenzino Bill , Smith Michelle D. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveHallux valgus (HV) has been linked to functional disability and increased risk of falls, but mechanisms underpinning functional disability are unclear. This study investigated functional performance, muscle strength, and plantar pressures in adults with mild, moderate, and severe HV compared to controls, while considering the influence of foot pain.MethodsSixty adults with HV (classified as mild, moderate, and severe on dorsalplantar radiographs) and 30 controls participated. Measures included hallux plantar flexion and abduction strength, walking performance, postural sway, and forefoot plantar pressures. Multivariate analysis of covariance and pairwise comparisons (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni adjustment) were used to investigate differences between groups, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and foot pain.ResultsHallux plantar flexion and abduction strength were significantly reduced in those with moderate (mean differences: plantar flexion −45.8 N, abduction −12.3 N; P < 0.001) and severe HV (plantar flexion −50.1 N; P < 0.001, abduction −11.2 N; P = 0.01) compared to controls. A significant reduction in hallux peak pressure and pressure‐time integral was evident in moderate (peak pressure −90.8 kPa; P < 0.001) and severe HV (peak pressure −106.2 kPa; P < 0.001) compared to controls. Those with severe HV also demonstrated increased mediolateral postural sway in single leg stance compared to controls (3.5 cm; P = 0.01).ConclusionModerate to severe HV is associated with reduced hallux plantar pressures and strength measures, while relatively normal function compared to controls was found in those with mild deformity. Greater understanding of specific functional deficits associated with different stages of HV will help inform clinical management and future research.
Arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, and smoke exposure in wildland firefighters
Authors: Gaughan Denise M. , Siegel Paul D. , Hughes Michael D. , Chang Chiung‐Yu , Law Brandon F. , Campbell Corey R. , Richards Jennifer C. , Kales Stefanos F. , Chertok Marcia , Kobzik Lester , Nguyen Phuong‐son , O'Donnell Carl R. , Kiefer Max , Wagner Gregory R. , Christiani David C. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the association between exposure, oxidative stress, symptoms, and cardiorespiratory function in wildland firefighters.MethodsWe studied two Interagency Hotshot Crews with questionnaires, pulse wave analysis for arterial stiffness, spirometry, urinary 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (8‐isoprostane) and 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), and the smoke exposure marker (urinary levoglucosan). Arterial stiffness was assessed by examining levels of the aortic augmentation index, expressed as a percentage. An oxidative stress score comprising the average of z‐scores created for 8‐OHdG and 8‐isoprostane was calculated.ResultsMean augmentation index % was higher for participants with higher oxidative stress scores after adjusting for smoking status. Specifically for every one unit increase in oxidative stress score the augmentation index % increased 10.5% (95% CI: 2.5, 18.5%). Higher mean lower respiratory symptom score was associated with lower percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity.ConclusionsBiomarkers of oxidative stress may serve as indicators of arterial stiffness in wildland firefighters. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:748–756, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Strategy Utilizing a Recyclable Macrocycle Transporter for the Efficient Synthesis of a Triazolium‐Based [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Chao Sovy , Romuald Camille , Fournel‐Marotte Karine , Clavel Caroline , Coutrot Frédéric 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA general synthesis of triazolium‐containing [2]rotaxanes, which could not be accessed by other methods, is reported. It is based on a sequential strategy starting from a well‐designed macrocycle transporter which contains a template for dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 and a N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) moiety. The sequence is: 1) synthesis by slippage of a [2]rotaxane building‐block; 2) its elongation at its NHS end; 3) the delivery of the macrocycle to the elongated part of the axle by an induced translational motion; 4) the contraction process to yield the targeted [2]rotaxane and recycle the initial transporter.
Supramolecular Luminescent Lanthanide Dimers for Fluoride Sequestering and Sensing
Authors: Liu Tao , Nonat Aline , Beyler Maryline , Regueiro‐Figueroa Martín , Nchimi Nono Katia , Jeannin Olivier , Camerel Franck , Debaene François , Cianférani‐Sanglier Sarah , Tripier Raphaël , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Charbonnière Loïc J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLanthanide complexes (Ln=Eu, Tb, and Yb) that are based on a C2‐symmetric cyclen scaffold were prepared and characterized. The addition of fluoride anions to aqueous solutions of the complexes resulted in the formation of dinuclear supramolecular compounds in which the anion is confined into the cavity that is formed by the two complexes. The supramolecular assembly process was monitored by UV/Vis absorption, luminescence, and NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The X‐ray crystal structure of the europium dimer revealed that the architecture of the scaffold is stabilized by synergistic effects of the EuFEu bridging motive, π stacking interactions, and a four‐component hydrogen‐bonding network, which control the assembly of the two [EuL] entities around the fluoride ion. The strong association in water allowed for the luminescence sensing of fluoride down to a detection limit of 24 nM.
Brief Report: Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor Drives Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystal–Induced Inflammatory Macrophage Differentiation and NLRP3 Inflammasome Up‐Regulation in an In Vivo Mouse Model
Authors: Shaw Odette M. , Steiger Stefanie , Liu Xiao , Hamilton John A. , Harper Jacquie L. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the role of granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) in the differentiation of inflammatory macrophages in an in vivo model of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal–induced inflammation.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were treated with either clodronate liposomes to deplete peritoneal macrophages or GM‐CSF antibody and were then challenged by intraperitoneal injection of MSU crystals. Peritoneal lavage fluid was collected, and cellular infiltration was determined by flow cytometry. Purified resident and MSU crystal–recruited monocyte/macrophages were stimulated ex vivo with MSU crystals. The interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) levels in lavage fluids and ex vivo assay supernatants were measured. GM‐CSF–derived and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF)–derived macrophages were generated in vitro from bone marrow cells. Protein expression of IL‐1β, caspase 1, NLRP3, and ASC by in vitro– and in vivo–generated monocyte/macrophages was analyzed by Western blotting.ResultsDepletion of resident macrophages lowered MSU crystal–induced IL‐1β and GM‐CSF levels in vivo as well as IL‐1β production by MSU crystal–recruited monocytes stimulated ex vivo. GM‐CSF neutralization in vivo decreased MSU crystal–induced IL‐1β levels and neutrophil infiltration. MSU crystal–recruited monocyte/macrophages from GM‐CSF–neutralized mice expressed lower levels of the macrophage marker CD115 and produced less IL‐1β following ex vivo stimulation. These monocytes exhibited decreased expression of NLRP3, pro/active IL‐1β, and pro/active caspase 1. In vitro–derived GM‐CSF–differentiated macrophages expressed higher levels of NLRP3, pro/active IL‐1β, and pro/active caspase 1 compared to M‐CSF–differentiated macrophages.ConclusionGM‐CSF plays a key role in the differentiation of MSU crystal–recruited monocytes into proinflammatory macrophages. GM‐CSF production may therefore contribute to the exacerbation of inflammation in gout.
Distinct Effects of Methotrexate and Etanercept on the B Cell Compartment in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Glaesener Stephanie , Quách Tâm D. , Onken Nils , Weller‐Heinemann Frank , Dressler Frank , Huppertz Hans‐Iko , Thon Angelika , Meyer‐Bahlburg Almut 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveB cells have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Current treatments include the disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs methotrexate (MTX) and tumor necrosis factor α inhibition with etanercept. This study was undertaken to determine how these drugs influence the B cell compartment in patients with JIA.MethodsB cell subpopulations and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in the peripheral blood of JIA patients were investigated by multicolor flow cytometry. Serum immunoglobulin and BAFF levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in transitional B cells and significantly lower serum immunoglobulin levels in patients receiving MTX than in untreated patients and those receiving etanercept. In contrast, etanercept treatment had no effect on most of the B cell subpopulations, but resulted in significantly lower BAFF levels and increased numbers of Tfh cells. Thus, our findings indicate an unexpected and previously unknown direct effect of low‐dose MTX on B cells, whereas etanercept had a more indirect influence.ConclusionOur results contribute to a better understanding of the potency of MTX in autoantibody‐mediated autoimmune disease and present a possible mechanism of prevention of the development of drug‐induced antibodies to biologic agents. The finding that MTX and etanercept affect the B cell compartment differently supports the notion that combination therapy with etanercept and MTX is more effective than monotherapy.