bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvage of Contaminated Osteochondral Allografts
Authors: Campbell Joel , Filardo Giuseppe , Bruce Benjamin , Bajaj Sarvottam , Friel Nicole , Hakimiyan Arnavaz , Wood Stephen , Grumet Robert , Shafikhani Sasha , Chubinskaya Susan , Cole Brian J. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Because chondrocyte viability is imperative for successful osteochondral allograft transplantation, sterilization techniques must provide antimicrobial effects with minimal cartilage toxicity. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is an effective disinfectant; however, its use with human articular cartilage requires further investigation. Purpose: To determine the maximal chlorhexidine concentration that does not affect chondrocyte viability in allografts and to determine whether this concentration effectively sterilizes contaminated osteoarticular grafts. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Osteochondral plugs were subjected to pulse lavage with 1-L solutions of 0.002%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.25% CHG and cultured for 0, 1, 2, and 7 days in media of 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Chondrocyte viability was determined via LIVE/DEAD Viability Assay. Plugs were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and randomized to 4 treatment groups. One group was not contaminated; the 3 others were contaminated and received no treatment, saline pulse lavage, or saline pulse lavage with 0.002% CHG. Serial dilutions were plated and colony-forming units assessed. Results: The control group and the 0.002% CHG group showed similar cell viability, ranging from 67% ± 4% to 81% ± 22% (mean ± SD) at all time points. In the 0.01% CHG group, cell viability was reduced in comparison with control by 2-fold at day 2 and remained until day 7 ( P < .01). The 0.05% and 0.25% CHG groups showed a 2-fold reduction in cell viability at day 1 ( P < .01). At day 7, cell viability was reduced to 15% ± 18% (4-fold decrease) for the 0.05% CHG group and 10% ± 19% (6-fold decrease) for the 0.25% CHG group ( P < .01). Contaminated grafts treated with 0.002% CHG demonstrated no colony-forming units. Conclusion: Pulse lavage with 0.002% CHG does not cause significant cell death within 7 days after exposure, while CHG at concentrations >0.002% significantly decreases chondrocyte viability within 1 to 2 days after exposure and should therefore not be used for disinfection of osteochondral allograft. Pulse lavage does not affect chondrocyte viability but cannot be used in isolation to sterilize contaminated fragments. Overall, 0.002% CHG was shown to effectively decontaminate osteoarticular fragments. Clinical Relevance: This study offers a scientific protocol for sterilizing osteochondral fragments that does not adversely affect cartilage viability.
Effects of Prior Knee Surgery on Subsequent Injury, Imaging, and Surgery in NCAA Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Rugg Caitlin M. , Wang Dean , Sulzicki Pamela , Hame Sharon L. 
Published: February 2014

Background: High school and professional athletes with a history of orthopaedic surgery have decreased career lengths and are at a greater risk for reinjury compared with their peers. It is unknown whether the same risk applies to intercollegiate athletes. Purpose: To determine the effect of prior knee surgery in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes in the United States. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Division I athletes who began participation in collegiate athletics at a single institution from fall 2003 to spring 2008 were identified. Athletes with a history of orthopaedic surgery were identified through preparticipation evaluation forms. Data on the number of seasons and games played, number of days missed, diagnostic imaging, athletic injuries sustained, and surgical operations during college were collected through medical records and the Sports Injury Monitoring System (SIMS). Results: During the 5-year study period, 456 athletes completed preparticipation evaluation forms. Of these, 104 athletes (22.8%) had a history of orthopaedic surgery (Ortho group). Forty-eight (10.5% of all athletes) had a history of knee surgery (Knee group), 16 (3.5%) had a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL group), and 28 (6.1%) had a history of multiple surgeries (Multiple group). Days missed per season due to any injury and due to knee injury were increased for all surgical groups compared with controls ( P < .016). The rate of knee injury and knee surgery while in college was significantly increased for all surgery groups. Athletes in the Knee and ACL groups were 6.8- and 19.6-fold more likely to sustain a knee injury and 14.4- and 892.9-fold more likely to undergo a knee surgery during their collegiate careers compared with controls ( P < .001). The number of MRIs per season were 0.83 for the Knee group ( P < .001), 1.29 for the ACL ( P = .009), and 0.97 for the Multiple group ( P < .001), compared with 0.37 for controls. Average career length and percentage of games played were not significantly different between any of the surgery groups compared with controls. Conclusion: Athletes who had a history of knee surgery before participation in collegiate athletics miss more days due to injury, have increased rates of knee injury and knee surgery, and require more MRIs during their collegiate careers than their peers.
Assessing the Influence of Intensive Care Unit Organizational Factors on Outcomes in Canada
Authors: Dodek Peter M. , Norena Monica , Wong Hubert , Keenan Sean , Martin Claudio 
Published: February 2014

Objective: To illustrate the complexities of assessing the influence of individual organizational factors on outcomes for intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Canada. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used retrospectively collected data from all patients admitted to all ICUs in British Columbia between April 01, 1994, and March 31, 1999, or to 20 ICUs in Ontario during 2002. We used responses to a survey about organizational factors for all ICUs in British Columbia and Ontario that was done in 2001. Clustered data regression models were used to assess the influence of organizational factors on outcomes after adjustment for patient-level confounders. Results: Despite adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity score of patients, and limitation of the data sets to minimize confounding, we found variable relationships between ICU outcomes (hospital mortality, ICU length of stay, and hospital length of stay) and any of “closed” administrative model, daily rounds, presence of an ICU medical director, medical director trained in critical care medicine, presence of a nurse leader in the ICU, nurse–patient ratio, and presence of an ICU pharmacist. Closed administrative model was associated with lower hospital mortality (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.75 [0.66-0.85]), shorter length of ICU stay (rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.76 [0.62-0.92]), and shorter length of hospital stay (rate ratio [5% confidence interval]: 0.78 [0.72-0.84]) in nontertiary ICUs but many other “advantageous” factors were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: The lack of a consistent relationship between organizational factors and ICU outcomes, and relationships that show increased mortality associated with some advantageous factors, suggests that there is residual confounding in these relationships. Models that adjust for only conventional patient-level confounders are unlikely to provide valid estimates of the influence of organizational factors.
Low-Level Laser Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Jastifer James R. , Catena Fernanda , Doty Jesse F. , Stevens Faustin , Coughlin Michael J. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Plantar fasciitis affects nearly 1 million people annually in the United States. Traditional nonoperative management is successful in about 90% of patients, usually within 10 months. Chronic plantar fasciitis develops in about 10% of patients and is a difficult clinical problem to treat. A newly emerging technology, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has demonstrated promising results for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Methods: Thirty patients were administered LLLT and completed 12 months of follow-up. Patients were treated twice a week for 3 weeks for a total of 6 treatments and were evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks post procedure, and 6 and 12 months post procedure. Patients completed the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Foot Function Index (FFI) at study follow-up periods. Results: Patients demonstrated a mean improvement in heel pain VAS from 67.8 out of 100 at baseline to 6.9 out of 100 at the 12-month follow-up period. Total FFI score improved from a mean of 106.2 at baseline to 32.3 at 12 months post procedure. Conclusion: Although further studies are warranted, this study shows that LLLT is a promising treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Economic assessment of aseptic compounding rooms in hospital pharmacies in five European countries
Authors: Dekyndt Bérengère , Décaudin Bertrand , Lannoy Damien , Odou Pascal 
Published: February 2014

Purpose The aims of the study are to make an inventory of fixtures of aseptic compounding structures, to compare, using real examples, the design and operating costs of controlled atmosphere area (CAA) with isolators and CAA with laminar flow biological safety cabinets (BSCs) in order to determine the most economical scheme in hospitals and to give a final facilities cost calculated for one workstation. Methods Forty-three hospitals were interviewed (21 French and 22 from four European countries) over seven months. Hospital pharmacists completed a form with 390 items. Hospitals are compared according to their workstation type: BSCII or BSCIII (group B) and isolator (group I), using Mann and Whitney’s statistical test and Monte-Carlo modeling. Results Twenty-one hospitals responded (11 French and 10 from other European countries). All European compounding unit organizations are not significantly different. The study compared items such as infrastructure cost, equipment cost, staff cost, consumable cost, cleaning cost and control cost. A synthesis of all costs has been drafted to calculate an estimated preparation cost which seemed to be higher for group B than for group I when staff costs were included ($46 and $31, respectively, in study conditions). Conclusions The different costs studied have revealed little significant difference between group B and I. The preparation cost in group B appears higher than in group I. This pilot study has resulted in the calculation of an estimated manufactured preparation cost but this work should be completed to help optimize resources and save money.
Action Learning Coaching
Authors: O’Neil Judy , Marsick Victoria J. 
Published: February 2014

The Problem Action learning (AL) continues to be an important learning and development approach within organizations. Many successful AL programs use AL coaches to help facilitate the program and the learning that can occur within such programs. How might AL coaching be similar to, or different from, other types of coaching, and how might AL coaching be most effectively practiced? The Solution A review of the conceptual, theoretical, and empirical research on AL coaching will address these questions and will enable a comparison of AL coaching and other types of coaching. We draw upon the research to demonstrate effective practice and the learning that can result from AL interventions. The Stakeholders AL is used globally for learning, development, and change, and therefore, many organizational leaders are interested in the effective practice of AL and AL coaching. These leaders, human resource development (HRD) professionals, executives, internal and external coaches will benefit from this article.
The Impact of Enhanced Programming on Aging in Place for People With Dementia in Assisted Living
Authors: Hyde Joan , Perez Rosa , Doyle Patrick J. , Forester Brent P. , Whitfield Theodore H. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Assisted living (AL) is a growing and operationally diverse option in our nation's long-term care system. Many consumers view AL communities as a viable option to receive needed services and age in place. However, little is known about the factors that influence residents’ ability to age in place when experiencing cognitive decline. Objective: To estimate the association of resident and site characteristics to length of stay, reason for leaving and destination for residents with dementia in assisted living. In particular, this study sought to assess the impact of an ‘Enhanced’ Program intended to facilitate aging in place. Method: Data were gathered from a retrospective evaluation of residents’ clinical records (N = 312) in five dementia-specific ALs (3 with robust enhanced programs) in the Northeastern United States. Results: The time to 50% survival for the full cohort (N = 312) was 20.2 months. Both age at move-in and gender were statistically significant predictors of length of stay. Sites with robust support for aging in place exhibited a statistically significant longer length of stay compared to sites with limited support. Of the residents who left or died (N = 165) nearly one quarter (24%) were able to stay until the end of their lives, while 52% moved to a nursing home, primarily because of family, financial, or medical concerns. Few residents left these settings because of behavioral problems. Conclusion: AL sites with a more robust commitment to an aging in place model and a willingness to provide palliative care demonstrated a significantly longer length of stay.
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase’s role in myriad cancers: Clinical significance and future implications
Authors: Gardenswartz Aliza , Aqeilan Rami I 
Published: February 2014

The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene, encodes a tumor suppressor located on 16q23.1, spanning FRA16D, one of the most active common fragile sites in the human genome, that is altered in numerous types of cancer. WWOX’s alteration in these myriad cancers is due to disparate mechanisms including loss of heterozygosity, homozygous deletion and epigenetic changes. In vitro, WWOX has been found to be reduced or absent in numerous cancer cell lines and WWOX restoration has been found to inhibit tumor cell growth and invasion. Wwox knockout mice developed femoral focal lesions resembling osteosarcomas within one month of their life and aging Wwox heterozygous mice have an increased incidence of spontaneous lung and mammary tumors as well as B-cell lymphomas. We herein review WWOX’s role that has been unearthed thus far in different types of malignancies, its clinical significance and future implications.
The Etiology of Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Chaudhry Harman , Ayeni Olufemi R. 
Published: February 2014

Context: Several risk factors may cause femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Knowledge of causation would identify patients for early intervention, prior to the development of painful intra-articular damage. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and related article reference lists were screened for relevant studies published between January 2000 and December 2013. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were (1) etiology of FAI, (2) original FAI clinical data, and (3) English language. Case reports of fewer than 3 patients were excluded. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: In all, 754 studies were screened, with 18 meeting the eligibility criteria. There were 13 comparative observational studies and 5 case series. The studies pertained to intrinsic patient factors (n = 2), activity/developmental factors (n = 8), hip disease (n = 5), postsurgical changes (n = 2), and malunion after hip fracture (n = 1). Conclusion: A combination of intrinsic patient and developmental factors, activities involving repetitive hip motion, pediatric hip disease, and hip-related surgical procedures may contribute to the development of FAI.
The population health approach: A qualitative study of conceptual and operational definitions for leaders in Canadian healthcare
Authors: Cohen Deborah , Huynh Tai , Sebold Anne , Harvey Jean , Neudorf Cory , Brown Adalsteinn 
Published: February 2014

Objectives: The population health approach is increasingly recognized for its role in health system reform; however, its broad scope and definition have been criticized for being a barrier to clear communication. This qualitative study examined the way senior healthcare leaders in Canada conceptualize and operationalize the population health approach in planning and decision-making. Findings: Core elements of the population health approach included focusing on health and wellness rather than illness, taking a population rather than individual orientation, understanding needs and solutions through community outreach, addressing health disparities/health in vulnerable groups, addressing the social determinants of health and inter-sectoral action and partnerships. Conclusion: The population health approach is increasingly recognized for its role in reducing healthcare demand and contributing to health system sustainability. This study demonstrated the growing need to clarify terminology among multiform partners to establish a foundation for future healthcare integration and inter-sectoral action.
Distinct functional programming of human fetal and adult monocytes
Authors: Krow-Lucal Elisabeth R. , Kim Charles C. , Burt Trevor D. , McCune Joseph M. 
Published: February 2014

Key PointsHuman fetal and adult classical monocytes have distinct baseline transcriptional and signaling programs. Transcriptional and signaling differences in fetal monocytes underlie stronger responses to cytokine stimulation.
Genome-wide Two-marker linkage disequilibrium mapping of quantitative trait loci
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhu Wei , Chen Jiansong , Zhang Qiao , Wu Song 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
In a natural population, the alleles of multiple tightly linked loci on the same chromosome co-segregate and are passed non-randomly from generation to generation. Capitalizing on this phenomenon, a group of mapping methods, commonly referred to as the linkage disequilibrium-based mapping (LD mapping), have been developed recently for detecting genetic associations. However, most current LD mapping methods mainly employed single-marker analysis, overlooking the rich information contained within adjacent linked loci.

Results
We extend the single-marker LD mapping to include two linked loci and explicitly incorporate their LD information into genetic mapping models (tmLD). We establish the theoretical foundations for the tmLD mapping method and also provide a thorough examination of its statistical properties. Our simulation studies demonstrate that the tmLD mapping method significantly improves the detection power of association compared to the single-marker based and also haplotype based mapping methods. The practical usage and properties of the tmLD mapping method were further elucidated through the analysis of a large-scale dental caries GWAS data set. It shows that the tmLD mapping method can identify significant SNPs that are missed by the traditional single-marker association analysis and haplotype based mapping method. An R package for our proposed method has been developed and is freely available.

Conclusions
The proposed tmLD mapping method is more powerful than single marker mapping generally used in GWAS data analysis. We recommend the usage of this improved method over the traditional single marker association analysis.
Grapevine microRNAs responsive to exogenous gibberellin
Authors: Han Jian , Fang Jinggui , Wang Chen , Yin Yanlei , Sun Xin , Leng Xiangpeng , Song Changnian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), involving in various biological and metabolic processes, have been discovered and analyzed in quite a number of plants species, such as Arabidopsis, rice and other plants. However, there have been few reports about grapevine miRNAs in response to gibberelline (GA3).

Results
Solexa technology was used to sequence small RNA libraries constructed from grapevine berries treated with GA3 and the control. A total of 122 known and 90 novel grapevine miRNAs (Vvi-miRNAs) were identified. Totally, 137 ones were found to be clearly responsive to GA3, among which 58 were down-regulated, 51 were up-regulated, 21 could only be detected in the control, and seven were only detected in the treatment. Subsequently, we found that 28 of them were differentially regulated by GA3, with 12 conserved and 16 novel Vvi-miRNAs, based on the analysis of qRT-PCR essays. There existed some consistency in expression levels of GA3-responsive Vvi-miRNAs between high throughput sequencing and qRT-PCR essays. In addition, 117 target genes for 29 novel miRNAs were predicted.

Conclusions
Deep sequencing of short RNAs from grapevine berries treated with GA3 and the control identified 137 GA3-responsive miRNAs, among which 28 exhibited different expression profiles of response to GA3 in the diverse developmental stages of grapevine berries. These identified Vvi-miRNAs might be involved in the grapevine berry development and response to environmental stresses.
No difference in sexual behavior of adolescent girls following Human Papilloma Virus vaccination: a case study two districts in Uganda; Nakasongola and Luwero
Authors: Aujo Judith Caroline , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina , Kiguli Sarah , Mirembe Florence 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Vaccination against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) before sexual debut has been recommended by WHO as a primary prevention strategy against cervical cancer. In Uganda, vaccination against HPV started as a demonstration project among young girls in Nakasongola; and Ibanda districts. Studies have suggested that vaccination against HPV could result in risky sexual behavior and increase the risk of early sexual debut.
This study was done to compare the sexual behavior of HPV vaccinated and non vaccinated adolescent girls in two neighboring districts in Uganda; and to assess whether HPV vaccination had any influence on sexual behavior of vaccinated adolescent girls.

Methods
This was an unmatched comparative study, which used both qualitative and quantitative study methods. It was carried out among 400 primary school girls aged 12 to 15 years in the districts of Nakasongola (vaccinated) and Luwero (non vaccinated). Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire while qualitative data was obtained using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The main outcome measure was the number of sexually active girls in each group.

Results
Of the 400 girls, 8 volunteered information that they were sexually active, 5(2.5%) from Luwero (non vaccinated) and 3 (1.5%) from Nakasongola (vaccinated), but there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. HPV vaccination was not significantly associated with being sexually active.

Conclusion
There was no significant difference in sexual behavior between vaccinated and non vaccinated girls.