bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does forming implementation intentions help people with mental health problems to achieve goals? A meta‐analysis of experimental studies with clinical and analogue samples
Authors: Toli Agoro , Webb Thomas L. , Hardy Gillian E. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivePeople struggle to act on the goals that they set themselves, and this gap between intention and action is likely to be exacerbated by mental health problems. Evidence suggests that forming specific if‐then plans (or ‘implementation intentions’) can promote goal attainment and a number of studies have applied such techniques in clinical contexts. However, to date, the extent to which planning can help people with mental health problems has not been systematically examined.MethodThe present review used meta‐analysis to investigate the effect of if‐then planning on goal attainment among people with a DSM‐IV/ICD‐10 diagnosis (i.e., clinical samples) or scores above a relevant cut‐off on clinical measures (i.e., analogue samples). In total, 29 experimental studies, from 18 records, met the inclusion criteria.ResultsExcluding one outlying (very large) effect, forming implementation intentions had a large‐sized effect on goal attainment (d+ = 0.99, k = 28, N = 1,636). Implementation intentions proved effective across different mental health problems and goals, and in studies with different methodological approaches.ConclusionsTaken together, the findings suggest that forming implementation intentions can be a useful strategy for helping people with mental health problems to achieve various goals and might be usefully integrated into existing treatment approaches. However, further studies are needed addressing a wider range of mental health problems.Practitioner points

This meta‐analysis suggests that prompting people with mental health problems to form if‐then plans (known as ‘implementation intentions’) specifying when, where, and how they will achieve their goals can be beneficial.

The findings proved robust across a range of methodologies, samples, and focal goals, suggesting that forming implementation intentions can help people with a range of mental health problems to achieve a range of different goals.

We provide guidance to researchers and practitioners in how to promote the formation of implementation intentions.
Population‐based study of long‐term functional outcomes after prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Carlsson Sigrid , Drevin Linda , Loeb Stacy , Widmark Anders , Lissbrant Ingela Franck , Robinson David , Johansson Eva , Stattin Pär , Fransson Per 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term urinary, sexual and bowel functional outcomes after prostate cancer treatment at a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 12 (11–13) years.Patients and MethodsIn this nationwide, population‐based study, we identified 6 003 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (clinical local stage T1–2, any Gleason score, prostate‐specific antigen <20 ng/mL, NX or N0, MX or M0) between 1997 and 2002 from the National Prostate Cancer Register, Sweden. The men were aged ≤70 years at diagnosis. A control group of 1 000 men without prostate cancer were also selected, matched for age and county of residence. Functional outcomes were evaluated with a validated self‐reported questionnaire.ResultsResponses were obtained from 3 937/6 003 cases (66%) and 459/1 000 (46%) controls. At 12 years after diagnosis and at a median age of 75 years, the proportion of cases with adverse symptoms was 87% for erectile dysfunction/sexual inactivity, 20% for urinary incontinence and 14% for bowel disturbances. The corresponding proportions for controls were 62, 6 and 7%, respectively. Men with prostate cancer, except those on surveillance, had an increased risk of erectile dysfunction compared with the men in the control group. Radical prostatectomy was associated with an increased risk of urinary incontinence (odds ratio [OR] 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–2.62) and radiotherapy increased the risk of bowel dysfunction (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.73–3.49) compared with men in the control group. Multi‐modal treatment, in particular treatment including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), was associated with the highest risk of adverse effects; for instance, radical prostatectomy followed by radiotherapy and ADT was associated with an OR of 3.74 (95% CI 1.76–7.95) for erectile dysfunction and an OR of 3.22 (95% CI 1.93–5.37) for urinary incontinence.ConclusionThe proportion of men who experienced a long‐term impact on functional outcomes after prostate cancer treatment was substantial.
Vitamins A and D have antagonistic effects on expression of effector cytokines and gut‐homing integrin in human innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Ruiter B. , Patil S. U. , Shreffler W. G. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackgroundRetinoic acid (RA), the main biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to promote gut homing of lymphocytes, as well as various regulatory and effector immune responses. In contrast, the active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), is predominantly immunosuppressive. Little is known about the direct effects of these vitamins on the recently identified innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).ObjectiveWe sought to characterize the effects of RA and 1,25D3 on human ILCs.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 27 non‐selected blood donor buffy coats, and ILCs were sorted by FACS. ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3 cells were cultured for 5 days with RA, 1,25D3, and various cytokines known to activate ILCs (IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐12, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL‐25, and IL‐33). Cytokines produced by ILCs were measured in culture supernatants, and surface receptor expression was analysed by flow cytometry.ResultsRetinoic acid acted synergistically with IL‐2 and other activating cytokines to induce expression of the gut‐homing integrin α4β7 in ILCs, as well as production of IL‐5 and IL‐13 in ILC2 cells, and IFN‐γ in ILC1 and ILC3 cells. Expression of integrin α4β7 and cytokine production in ILCs stimulated with RA + IL‐2 was increased at least fourfold as compared to ILCs cultured with RA or IL‐2 alone. In contrast, RA completely inhibited the IL‐2‐induced expression of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) in ILCs. Moreover, addition of 1,25D3 to ILCs cultured with RA + IL‐2 inhibited cytokine production and expression of integrin α4β7 by at least 30%.ConclusionsRetinoic acid and 1,25D3 have antagonistic effects on the expression of effector cytokines and gut‐homing integrin by human ILCs. The balance between these vitamins may be an important factor in the functioning of ILCs and the diseases in which ILCs are implicated, such as allergic inflammation.
Clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism in a large representative sample of outpatients in France: relationships with age, aetiology and hormonal parameters
Authors: Goichot B. , Caron Ph. , Landron F. , Bouée S 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjectiveSigns and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis are not specific, and thyroid function tests are frequently prescribed to recognize such thyroid dysfunction. Ultrasensitive assays of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) allow early diagnosis and identification of mild hyperthyroidism (generally designed as ‘subclinical’). The aim of this study was to re‐evaluate the clinical picture of thyrotoxicosis in the context of the current large utilization of ultrasensitive TSH assays.DesignProspective descriptive cohort.MethodsClinical presentation of 1572 patients with a recent (<3 months) diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis recruited by a large representative sample of 263 French endocrinologists was studied using two questionnaires (one at inclusion and the second after 3 months) concerning symptoms, hormonal evaluation and treatment.ResultsA total of 1240 (78·9%) patients were women, mean age 48 ± 17 years. Subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCHT) was present in 86 patients (10·4%). Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis were in decreasing frequency order: palpitations, weakness, heat‐related signs and disturbed sleep. A total of 64·9% of patients had lost weight. Signs and symptoms were more frequent in Graves' disease, in young patients, and were partially related to biochemical severity. Symptoms were less frequent in elderly patients except for cardiac manifestations (atrial fibrillation). Most patients with SCHT had one or several signs or symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.ConclusionThis study confirms that elderly patients have less symptoms of thyrotoxicosis than younger subjects but are at increased risk of cardiac complications. Our results show that most patients with ‘subclinical’ HT have in fact signs or symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.
Bounded Entrepreneurial Vitality: The Mixed Embeddedness of Female Entrepreneurship
Authors: Langevang Thilde , Gough Katherine V. , Yankson Paul W. K. , Owusu George , Osei Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite the recent increased interest in female entrepreneurs, attention has tended to focus on dynamic individuals and generic incentives without considering the roles of gender and place in entrepreneurship. In this article, we draw on the notion of mixed embeddedness to explore how time‐and‐place–specific institutional contexts influence women's entrepreneurship. Drawing on primary data collected in Ghana, where exceptionally more women engage in entrepreneurial activities than men, we examine the scale and characteristics of female entrepreneurial activity, exploring the factors that account for this strong participation of women, and examine whether this high entrepreneurial rate is also reflected in their performance and growth aspirations. The findings reveal a disjuncture between, on the one hand, the vibrant entrepreneurial endeavors of Ghanaian women and positive societal attitudes toward female entrepreneurship and, on the other hand, female business activities characterized by vulnerability and relatively low achievement. The article shows how regulatory, normative, and cultural–cognitive institutional forces, which have been transformed over time by local and global processes and their interaction, are concomitantly propelling and impeding women's entrepreneurial activities. We propose that the study of female entrepreneurs within economic geography could be advanced by analyzing the differing effects of the complex, multiple, and shifting layers of institutional contexts in which they are embedded.
Characteristics of Left Atrial Deformation Parameters and Their Prognostic Impact in Patients with Pathological Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Analysis by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Iio Chiharuko , Inoue Katsuji , Nishimura Kazuhisa , Fujii Akira , Nagai Takayuki , Suzuki Jun , Okura Takafumi , Higaki Jitsuo , Ogimoto Akiyoshi 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe pathological process of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is associated with left atrial (LA) remodeling. This study was aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of LA strain parameters in patients with pathological LV hypertrophy.MethodsThis study included 95 patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD: n = 24), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM: n = 56), cardiac amyloidosis (CA: n = 15), and control subjects (n = 20). We used two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) to analyze LA global strain. LA electromechanical conduction time (EMT) at the septal (EMT‐septal) and lateral wall (EMT‐lateral), and their time difference (EMT‐diff) were calculated. The incidence of cardiac death and heart failure hospitalization was defined as major cardiac events and that of atrial fibrillation as secondary outcome.ResultsLeft atrial volume index was increased and LA booster strain was decreased in the HCM and CA groups compared with the HHD group. EMT‐lateral was increased in the diseased groups compared with the control. EMT‐diff was prolonged in the CA group compared with the HCM group. During the follow‐up period (mean 3.4 years), major cardiac events and atrial fibrillation occurred in 17 and 13 patients, respectively. The occurrence of atrial fibrillation was associated with CA etiology, E/e′, LA volume index, LAa, and EMT‐lateral. The incidence of major cardiac events was independently correlated with LA volume index and EMT‐diff in multivariate analysis.ConclusionThis study suggested that the EMT‐diff could discriminate patients with a high risk of cardiac events among patients with pathological LV hypertrophy.
Another biomineralising protostome with an msp130 gene and conservation of msp130 gene structure across Bilateria
Authors: Szabó Réka , Ferrier David E.K. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYMsp130 genes are known for their association with biomineralisation, principally in echinoderm skeletogenesis. Recently, msp130 genes were shown to exist more widely across the animal kingdom, including in molluscs, and a hypothesis was formed that the genes had arisen independently in the deuterostome and mollusc lineages via horizontal gene transfer, thus facilitating the evolution of biomineralisation in these distinct lineages (Ettensohn, 2014). Here we show that another biomineralising protostome, the polychaete Spirobranchus (formerly Pomatoceros) lamarcki also possesses an msp130 gene, and expresses it during a biomineralisation process. However, based on analysis of gene structure, we hypothesize that the protostome and deuterostome msp130 genes did not originate from independent horizontal gene transfers, but instead are descended from a gene already present in the bilaterian ancestor, with the gene being secondarily lost from several lineages.
The significance and scope of evolutionary developmental biology: a vision for the 21st century
Authors: Moczek Armin P. , Sears Karen E. , Stollewerk Angelika , Wittkopp Patricia J. , Diggle Pamela , Dworkin Ian , Ledon‐Rettig Cristina , Matus David Q. , Roth Siegfried , Abouheif Ehab , Brown Federico D. , Chiu Chi‐Hua , Cohen C. Sarah , Tomaso Anthony W. De , Gilbert Scott F. , Hall Brian , Love Alan C. , Lyons Deirdre C. , Sanger Thomas J. , Smith Joel , Specht Chelsea , Vallejo‐Marin Mario , Extavour Cassandra G. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYEvolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo) has undergone dramatic transformations since its emergence as a distinct discipline. This paper aims to highlight the scope, power, and future promise of evo‐devo to transform and unify diverse aspects of biology. We articulate key questions at the core of eleven biological disciplines—from Evolution, Development, Paleontology, and Neurobiology to Cellular and Molecular Biology, Quantitative Genetics, Human Diseases, Ecology, Agriculture and Science Education, and lastly, Evolutionary Developmental Biology itself—and discuss why evo‐devo is uniquely situated to substantially improve our ability to find meaningful answers to these fundamental questions. We posit that the tools, concepts, and ways of thinking developed by evo‐devo have profound potential to advance, integrate, and unify biological sciences as well as inform policy decisions and illuminate science education. We look to the next generation of evolutionary developmental biologists to help shape this process as we confront the scientific challenges of the 21st century.
Young Australians with moderate to severe mental health problems: client data and outcomes at Children and Young People's Mental Health
Authors: Howe Deborah , Batchelor Samantha , Coates Dominiek D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimAlmost a quarter of young Australians experience a mental health issue that may become chronic if left untreated. Children and Young People's Mental Health (CYPMH) is a specialist tertiary service for young people with moderate to severe mental health problems on the Central Coast in Australia. This paper presents an overview of client data and service use collected over a 1 year period specific to the Youth Mental Health (YMH) component of the service.MethodClient data, including demographic characteristics, service usage, presenting issues and standardized outcome measures, were analysed using SPSS. Clinicians routinely collect MH‐OAT (Mental Health Outcomes and Assessment Tools) measures at different points in a client's episode of care, and each of these measures was analysed separately. Wilcoxon Z and a series of McNemar's tests were used to report on the difference between admission and discharge scores.ResultsDuring a designated 1 year period, 830 referrals to YMH were received. The most prevalent presenting issue was suicidal ideation followed by deliberate self‐harm and depression. A comparison of admission and discharge outcome scores shows significant improvement by discharge on a range of measures. Specifically, analysis identified significant differences between admission and discharge HoNOSCA (Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales for Children and Adolescents) and CGAS (Children's Global Assessment Scale) scores for young people aged 12–17 and HONOS (Health of the Nation Outcomes Scale) scores for young people aged 18–24.ConclusionThe clinical outcomes for young people are positive with improvements seen on a range of measures.
Tumour‐associated mast cells in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: correlation with histological subtype, other tumour‐infiltrating inflammatory cell subsets and outcome
Authors: Andersen Maja D. , Kamper Peter , Nielsen Patricia S. , Bendix Knud , Riber‐Hansen Rikke , Steiniche Torben , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen , Clausen Michael , d'Amore Francesco 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe tumour microenvironment in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is characterised by a minor population of neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells within a heterogeneous background of non‐neoplastic bystanders cells, including mast cells. The number of infiltrating mast cells in cHL has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis. We used immunohistochemistry to assess the degree of tumour‐infiltrating mast cells in cHL tissue microarrays and correlated this with clinico‐pathological features and prognosis in a cohort of homogeneously treated patients with Hodgkin's disease. A high degree of tumour mast cells was associated with nodular sclerosis (NS) subtype histology (P = 0.0002). Moreover, the number of mast cells was inversely correlated with the numbers of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively) and with the number of granzyme+ cytotoxic cells (P = 0.004). The degree of mast cell infiltration was not a prognostic factor in cHL of nodular sclerosis subtype. In contrast, in mixed cellularity cHL a high number of intratumoral mast cells correlated with significantly poorer outcome both in terms of overall (P = 0.03) and event‐free survival (P = 0.01). Further studies are warranted into the biological mechanisms underlying this adverse outcome and their possible therapeutic implications.
Right parietal cortex mediates recognition memory for melodies
Authors: Schaal Nora K. , Javadi Amir‐Homayoun , Halpern Andrea R. , Pollok Bettina , Banissy Michael J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFunctional brain imaging studies have highlighted the significance of right‐lateralized temporal, frontal and parietal brain areas for memory for melodies. The present study investigated the involvement of bilateral posterior parietal cortices (PPCs) for the recognition memory of melodies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Participants performed a recognition task before and after tDCS. The task included an encoding phase (12 melodies), a retention period, as well as a recognition phase (24 melodies). Experiment 1 revealed that anodal tDCS over the right PPC led to a deterioration of overall memory performance compared with sham. Experiment 2 confirmed the results of Experiment 1 and further showed that anodal tDCS over the left PPC did not show a modulatory effect on memory task performance, indicating a right lateralization for musical memory. Furthermore, both experiments revealed that the decline in memory for melodies can be traced back to an interference of anodal stimulation on the recollection process (remember judgements) rather than to familiarity judgements. Taken together, this study revealed a causal involvement of the right PPC for memory for melodies and demonstrated a key role for this brain region in the recollection process of the memory task.
Differential influence of propofol and isoflurane anesthesia in a non‐human primate on the brain kinetics and binding of [18F]DPA‐714, a positron emission tomography imaging marker of glial activation
Authors: Saba Wadad , Goutal Sébastien , Kuhnast Bertrand , Dollé Frédéric , Auvity Sylvain , Fontyn Yoan , Cayla Jérôme , Peyronneau Marie‐Anne , Valette Héric , Tournier Nicolas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTranslocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) expression at the mitochondrial membrane of glial cells is related to glial activation. TSPO radioligands such as [18F]DPA‐714 are useful for the non‐invasive study of neuroimmune processes using positron emission tomography (PET). Anesthetic agents were shown to impact mitochondrial function and may influence [18F]DPA‐714 binding parameters and PET kinetics. [18F]DPA‐714 PET imaging was performed in Papio anubis baboons anesthetized using either intravenous propofol (n = 3) or inhaled isoflurane (n = 3). Brain kinetics and metabolite‐corrected input function were measured to estimate [18F]DPA‐714 brain distribution (VT). Displacement experiments were performed using PK11195 (1.5 mg/kg). In vitro [18F]DPA‐714 binding experiments were performed using baboon brain tissue in the absence and presence of tested anesthetics. Brain radioactivity peaked higher in isoflurane‐anesthetized animals compared with propofol (SUVmax = 2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.2, respectively) but was not different after 30 min. Brain VT was not different under propofol and isoflurane. Displacement resulted in a 35.8 ± 8.4% decrease of brain radioactivity under propofol but not under isoflurane (0.1 ± 7.0%). In vitro, the presence of propofol increased TSPO density and dramatically reduced its affinity for [18F]DPA‐714 compared with control. This in vitro effect was not significant with isoflurane. Exposure to propofol and isoflurane differentially influences TSPO interaction with its specific radioligand [18F]DPA‐714 with subsequent impact on its tissue kinetics and specific binding estimated in vivo using PET. Therefore, the choice of anesthetics and their potential influence on PET data should be considered for the design of imaging studies using TSPO radioligands, especially in a translational research context.