bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of floss/interdental brushes is associated with lower risk for new cardiovascular events among patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Reichert S. , Schlitt A. , Beschow V. , Lutze A. , Lischewski S. , Seifert T. , Dudakliewa T. , Gawe R. , Werdan K. , Hofmann B. , Schaller H.‐G. , Schulz S. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectivePeriodontitis has been found to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. However, only little is known about whether periodontitis and associated confounders are associated with new cardiovascular events among patients with CHD.Material and MethodsA total of 942 inpatients with CHD were examined regarding periodontitis, oral care habits, bacteria in the subgingival biofilm and the expression of interleukin‐(IL)‐6 c. (coding DNA)–174 genotypes (rs 1800793) to determine whether these confounders are associated with new cardiovascular events within a 1‐year follow‐up period. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with respect of age, gender, smoking, body mass index, use of aids for interdental hygiene, plaque index, occurrence of severe periodontitis and further internal diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia, number of missing teeth, serological parameters and IL‐6 genotypes were generated with Cox regression.ResultsIn all, 941 cardiovascular patients completed the 1‐year follow up and 7.3% of the patients achieved the primary endpoint (myocardial infarction: 2.1%, stroke/transient ischemic attack: 1.8%, cardiovascular deaths: 3.4%). Patients who reported practicing interdental cleaning were younger, less likely to be male or to have severe periodontitis, had a reduced tobacco exposure, had fewer missing teeth, less indices for plaque and bleeding on probing and a significant decreased adjusted risk for new cardiovascular events (HR = 0.2, CI 0.06–0.6, p = 0.01) than those patients with CHD who did not report practicing interdental cleaning. We did not obtain significant increased HR for patients with severe periodontitis (HR = 1.2, CI 0.7–2.1, p = 0.53), carriers of the IL‐6 genotypes GC or CC (HR = 1.4, CI 0.8–2.5, p = 0.24) and did not find a significant association between the number of detected various oral species and the incidence of the combined endpoint (HR = 0.9, CI 0.8–1.01, p = 0.07).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that flossing and brushing of interdental spaces might reduce the risk for new cardiovascular events among patients with CHD. The hypothesis that interdental cleaning per se reduces the risk of new cardiovascular events should be examined in an interventional study.
Collapse of zooplankton stocks during Liriope tetraphylla (Hydromedusa) blooms and dense mucilaginous aggregations in a thermohaline stratified basin
Authors: Yilmaz Izzet Noyan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA growing number of studies report an increase in jellyfish populations worldwide that may have consequences for marine planktonic food web dynamics. The principal objective of this study was to understand the changes in a zooplankton community during blooms of Liriope tetraphylla and subsequent mucilage events in the Sea of Marmara, a small highly stratified transitional basin between the Black and Aegean Seas. Liriope blooms observed in 2006 and 2007 reached a maximum abundance of 2978 ind.·m−3, following the species' first observation in 2005. Jellyfish species are known to play a key guild role by restructuring plankton communities and in the Sea of Marmara Liriope caused a temporal regime shift from a crustacean‐ to a jellyfish‐controlled system. A rapid decline in abundance of most important zooplankton species followed the Liriope increase, together with a drastic shift in community structure. The dominant summer–autumn species Penilia avirostris (Cladocera) vanished in the autumn of 2006 and was diminished ~30‐fold in 2007 when compared with years without Liriope. The decline in zooplankton and the devastating effects of mucilage on pelagic ecosystem and socio‐economics through restricting commercial fisheries implied sensitivity of the already perturbed Marmara ecosystem to changes in predator densities and environmental stability.
Impact of Increased Intramuscular Perfusion Heterogeneity on Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Hematocrit in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Butcher Joshua T. , Stanley Shyla C. , Brooks Steven D. , Chantler Paul D. , Wu Fan , Frisbee Jefferson C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine HMV and PS in skeletal muscle of OZR and evaluate the impact of increased microvascular perfusion heterogeneity on mass transport/exchange.MethodsThe in situ gastrocnemius muscle from OZR and LZR was examined under control conditions and following pretreatment with TEMPOL (antioxidant)/SQ‐29548 (PGH2/TxA2 receptor antagonist), phentolamine (adrenergic antagonist), or all agents combined. A spike input of a labeled blood tracer cocktail was injected into the perfusing artery. Tracer washout was analyzed using models for HMV and PS. HT was determined in in situ cremaster muscle of OZR and LZR using videomicroscopy.ResultsHMV was decreased in OZR versus LZR. While TEMPOL/SQ‐29548 or phentolamine had minor effects, treatment with all three agents improved HMV in OZR. HT was not different between strains, although variability was increased in OZR, and normalized following treatment with all three agents. PS was reduced in OZR and was not impacted by intervention.ConclusionsIncreased microvascular perfusion heterogeneity in OZR reduces HMV in muscle vascular networks and increases its variability, potentially contributing to premature muscle fatigue. While targeted interventions can ameliorate this, the reduced microvascular surface area is not acutely reversible.
Recommendations for photo‐identification methods used in capture‐recapture models with cetaceans
Authors: Urian Kim , Gorgone Antoinette , Read Andrew , Balmer Brian , Wells Randall S. , Berggren Per , Durban John , Eguchi Tomoharu , Rayment William , Hammond Philip S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCapture‐recapture methods are frequently employed to estimate abundance of cetaceans using photographic techniques and a variety of statistical models. However, there are many unresolved issues regarding the selection and manipulation of images that can potentially impose bias on resulting estimates. To examine the potential impact of these issues we circulated a test data set of dorsal fin images from bottlenose dolphins to several independent research groups. Photo‐identification methods were generally similar, but the selection, scoring, and matching of images varied greatly amongst groups. Based on these results we make the following recommendations. Researchers should: (1) determine the degree of marking, or level of distinctiveness, and use images of sufficient quality to recognize animals of that level of distinctiveness; (2) ensure that markings are sufficiently distinct to eliminate the potential for “twins” to occur; (3) stratify data sets by distinctiveness and generate a series of abundance estimates to investigate the influence of including animals of varying degrees of markings; and (4) strive to examine and incorporate variability among analysts into capture‐recapture estimation. In this paper we summarize these potential sources of bias and provide recommendations for best practices for using natural markings in a capture‐recapture framework.
The role of the folic acid to the prevention of orofacial cleft: an epidemiological study
Authors: Figueiredo RF , Figueiredo N , Feguri A , Bieski I , Mello R , Espinosa M , Damazo AS 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundOrofacial clefts (OFCs) have complex and multifactorial etiologies. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation can significantly reduce the risk ofOFC.ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of folate and other factors in preventingOFCby analyzing the health and socio‐demographic data collected from a population sample.MethodsRetrospective case–control study in which mothers with children with or withoutOFCwere evaluated for the following main parameters: nutritional factors, socio‐demographic characteristics, pregnancy and family history, use of folate, and counseling by healthcare professionals.ResultsSocio‐epidemiological analysis of the 80 participants, 40 in the case group and 40 in the control group, found a significant impact on the risk ofOFCrelated to economic and educational status. The mothers who had a diet rich in vegetables and white meat had a lower risk of having children withOFC. A short interval between pregnancies, subsequent pregnancy while still breastfeeding, and family history also increased risk ofOFC.ConclusionsLimited family planning, diet low in folate, and inadequate use of folate during the periconceptional period and during the first trimester of pregnancy were demonstrated a potential correlation with a high incidence ofOFCin this study.
Long‐term mortality associated with acute kidney injury in children following congenital cardiac surgery
Authors: Watkins Scott C. , Williamson Kelly , Davidson Mario , Donahue Brian S. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryObjectiveChildren undergoing congenital cardiac surgery (CCS) are at increased risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) due to a number of factors. Recent evidence suggests AKI may influence mortality beyond the immediate postoperative period and hospitalization. We sought to determine the association between renal failure and longer‐term mortality in children following CCS.MethodsOur Study population included all patients that underwent cardiac surgery at our institution during a period of 3 years from 2004 through 2006. The primary definition of acute renal injury was based on pRIFLE using estimated creatinine clearance (pRIFLE eCCL).ResultsPredictors of mortality. Age, single ventricle status, and renal failure as defined by pRIFLE stage F were associated with mortality. The hazard ratio for a patient with renal failure as defined by pRIFLE stage F was 3.82 (CI 1.89–7.75). Predictors of AKI as defined by pRIFLE. Duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and age were the only variables associated with pRIFLE by univariate analysis. However, in the ordinal or survival model, age was the only variable associated with renal failure as defined by pRIFLE. As patient age increases from 0.30 to 3.5 years, the risks of having renal injury (pRIFLE stage I) or failure (pRIFLE stage F) decreases (OR 0.44, CI 0.21–0.94).ConclusionMortality risk following CCS is increased in younger patients and those experiencing postoperative renal failure as defined by pRIFLE for a period of time that extends well beyond the immediate postoperative period and the time of hospitalization.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane requirement for 50% excellent tracheal intubation in children: a randomized, double‐blind comparison
Authors: He Lin , Wang Xuan , Zheng Shan 
Published: May 2014

SummaryObjective We investigated the effects of two dexmedetomidine bolus and infusion combinations on the amount of sevoflurane required to produce 50% excellent tracheal intubation conditions (ED50TI).MethodsIn a prospective, double‐blinded parallel, randomized manner, 60 children (ASA I or II, age 3–8 years) undergoing elective surgery were allocated to one of three groups: saline only (group D0), a bolus dose of 1.0 μg·kg−1 dexmedetomidine followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 μg·kg−1·h−1 (group D1), or a bolus dose of 2.0 μg·kg−1 dexmedetomidine followed by a continuous infusion of 1.0 μg·kg−1·h−1 (group D2). Each bolus dose of dexmedetomidine was infused over 10 min, after which a dexmedetomidine infusion and 5% sevoflurane were immediately begun, with sevoflurane subsequently adjusted to target specific values determined according to Dixon's up‐and‐down method. After the target concentration of sevoflurane was maintained stable for 15 min, laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were performed. Intubation was considered excellent only if all subcomponents of the intubation score were rated excellent. Patient enrollment continued until there were six pairs of consecutive patients in which not excellent tracheal intubation conditions were followed by excellent conditions.ResultsThe ED50TI of sevoflurane in group D2 (1.41 ± 0.07%) was significantly lower than in group D1 (2.36 ± 0.16%; P < 0.001), the latter being significantly lower than in group D0 (3.52 ± 0.21%; P < 0.001).ConclusionDexmedetomidine infusion produced a dose‐dependent decrease in the ED50TI of sevoflurane in children.
Biofouling impact on production and ecosystem functioning: a review for bivalve aquaculture
Authors: Lacoste Elise , Gaertner‐Mazouni Nabila 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBivalve aquaculture is worldwide impacted by biofouling development. Immersed infrastructures and shells of the reared species create new substrate for a wide range of epibionts, mainly composed of suspension feeders. Biofouling development is generally considered as a plague for bivalve aquaculture, and its control results in additional costs that can represent up to 30% of total operational costs of the industry. Epibionts have not only consequences for the species they overgrow (i.e. basibiont), but they can also alter the ecological functioning of the exploited ecosystem. In this review, we point out that the assessment of the net effect of biofouling is more complex than expected, as it combines negative and positive effects on both the commercial production and the ecosystem. Furthermore, we emphasize that the removal of biofouling can be stressful and damaging for the reared species. Biofouling control should be carefully reconsidered, on the basis of a holistic approach considering: (i) the interactions between epibionts and their basibionts; (ii) its impact on the final product; and (iii) its contribution to the sustainability of the ecosystem.
The Significance of Meander Restoration for the Hydrogeomorphology and Recovery of Wetland Organisms in the Kushiro River, a Lowland River in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Futoshi , Ishiyama Nobuo , Sueyoshi Masanao , Negishi Junjiro N. , Akasaka Takumi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe meanders and floodplains of the Kushiro River were restored in March 2011. A 1.6‐km stretch of the straightened main channel was remeandered by reconnecting the cutoff former channel and backfilling the straightened reach, and a 2.4‐km meander channel was restored. Additionally, flood levees were removed to promote river–floodplain interactions. There were four objectives of this restoration project: to restore the in‐stream habitat for native fish and invertebrates; to restore floodplain vegetation by increasing flooding frequency and raising the groundwater table; to reduce sediment and nutrient loads in the core wetland areas; to restore a river–floodplain landscape typical to naturally meandering rivers. In this project, not only the natural landscape of a meandering river but also its function was successfully restored. The monitoring results indicated that these goals were likely achieved in the short term after the restoration. The abundance and species richness of fish and invertebrate species increased, most likely because the lentic species that formerly inhabited the cutoff channel remained in the backwater and deep pools created in the restored reach. In addition, lotic species immigrated from neighboring reaches. The removal of flood levees and backfilling of the formerly straightened reach were very effective in increasing the frequency of flooding over the floodplains and raising the water table. The wetland vegetation recovered rapidly 1 year after the completion of the meander restoration. Sediment‐laden floodwater spread over the floodplain, and approximately 80–90% of the fine sediment carried by the water was filtered out by the wetland vegetation.
Principles and Operational Parameters to Optimize Poison Removal with Extracorporeal Treatments
Authors: Bouchard Josée , Roberts Darren M. , Roy Louise , Ouellet Georges , Decker Brian S. , Mueller Bruce A. , Desmeules Simon , Ghannoum Marc 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA role for nephrologists in the management of a poisoned patient involves evaluating the indications for, and methods of, enhancing the elimination of a poison. Nephrologists are familiar with the various extracorporeal treatments (ECTRs) used in the management of impaired kidney function, and their respective advantages and disadvantages. However, these same skills and knowledge may not always be considered, or applicable, when prescribing ECTR for the treatment of a poisoned patient. Maximizing solute elimination is a key aim of such treatments, perhaps more so than in the treatment of uremia, because ECTR has the potential to reverse clinical toxicity and shorten the duration of poisoning. This manuscript reviews the various principles that govern poison elimination by ECTR (diffusion, convection, adsorption, and centrifugation) and how components of the ECTR can be adjusted to maximize clearance. Data supporting these recommendations will be presented, whenever available.
Microdynamics of Turkey's Export Boom in the 2000s
Authors: Cebeci Tolga , Fernandes Ana M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the microdynamics behind the dramatic export boom experienced by Turkey during the 2000s. Using disaggregated exporter‐level customs data covering the universe of export transactions for Turkey during the period 2002–11, we characterise firm‐level dynamics in the export sector and we decompose export growth at the aggregate, sectoral and destination market levels to identify the role of firm turnover, destination turnover and product turnover. We show that year‐to‐year aggregate export growth is dominated by growth in continuous exporters, and for these, growth is dominated by exports to their continued destinations and of their continued products. However, the observed high degree of churning across firms, destinations and products accounts for a substantial part of Turkey's export growth over longer periods. The patterns of microdynamics of export growth are verified across sectors and across groups of destination markets with some exceptions regarding exports to new emerging markets where net exporter entry plays a more critical role for export growth over longer periods.
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of spectacular ecdysis in the royal python (Python regius)
Authors: Tusler Charlotte A. , Maggs David J. , Kass Philip H. , Paul‐Murphy Joanne R. , Schwab Ivan R. , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), digital slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, and external photography, changes in the ophidian cuticle, spectacle, and cornea during ecdysis.Animals StudiedFour normal royal pythons (Python regius).ProceduresSnakes were assessed once daily throughout a complete shed cycle using nasal, axial, and temporal SD‐OCT images, digital slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, and external photography.ResultsSpectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) images reliably showed the spectacular cuticle and stroma, subcuticular space (SCS), cornea, anterior chamber, iris, and Schlemm's canal. When visible, the subspectacular space (SSS) was more distended peripherally than axially. Ocular surface changes throughout ecdysis were relatively conserved among snakes at all three regions imaged. From baseline (7 days following completion of a full cycle), the spectacle gradually thickened before separating into superficial cuticular and deep, hyper‐reflective stromal components, thereby creating the SCS. During spectacular separation, the stroma regained original reflectivity, and multiple hyper‐reflective foci (likely fragments from the cuticular‐stromal interface) were noted within the SCS. The cornea was relatively unchanged in character or thickness throughout all stages of ecdysis. Slit‐lamp images did not permit observation of these changes.ConclusionsSpectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) provided excellent high‐resolution images of the snake anterior segment, and especially the cuticle, spectacle, and cornea of manually restrained normal snakes at all stages of ecdysis and warrants investigation in snakes with anterior segment disease. The peripheral spectacle may be the preferred entry point for diagnostic or therapeutic injections into the SSS and for initiating spectacular surgery.
Maternal Physical Activity During Pregnancy, Child Leisure-Time Activity, and Child Weight Status at 3 to 9 Years
Authors: Mudd Lanay M. , Pivarnik Jim M. , Pfeiffer Karin A. , Paneth Nigel , Chung Hwan , Holzman Claudia 
Published: May 2014

Background:We sought to evaluate the effects of maternal leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during pregnancy and current child LTPA on child weight status.Methods:Women with term pregnancies in the Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study (1998–2004) were followed-up. A race-stratified subset of participants (cohort A) received extensive follow-up efforts leading to better response rates (592/926 = 64%) and diversity. The remainder (Cohort B) had a lower response rate (418/1629 = 26%). Women reported child height, weight and LTPA at 3 to 9 years (inactive vs. active), and recalled pregnancy LTPA (inactive vs. active). A 4-category maternal/child LTPA variable was created (reference: active pregnancy + active child). Children were classified as healthy weight, overweight, or obese using age- and sex-specific Body Mass Index percentiles. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of child obesity (reference: healthy weight).Results:In unadjusted analyses, pregnancy inactivity increased odds for obesity when the child was active (1.6 [95% CI, 1.0−2.6] in Cohort A; 2.1 [95% CI, 1.1−4.0] in Cohort B), and more so when the child was inactive (2.4 [95% CI, 1.2−4.9] in Cohort A; 3.0 [95% CI, 1.0−8.8] in Cohort B). Adjustment for covariates attenuated results to statistical nonsignificance but the direction of relations remained.Conclusions:Maternal inactivity during pregnancy may contribute to child obesity risk.
Changes in Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines After Discharge From the Military
Authors: Littman Alyson J. , Jacobson Isabel G. , Boyko Edward J. , Smith Tyler C. 
Published: May 2014

Background:Understanding physical activity (PA) after discharge from the military can inform theory on the role of habit and reinforcement in behavior maintenance and has implications for this population’s future health.Methods:Using data from 28,866 Millennium Cohort Study participants (n = 3782 of whom were discharged during the years between assessments), we 1) investigated changes in meeting federal PA guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) following military discharge and 2) determined predictors of meeting these guidelines after discharge.Results:MVPA declined more in those who were discharged than in those who were not (−17.8 percentage points vs. −2.7 percentage points), with greater declines in former active-duty personnel, those who had deployed with combat exposures, had 14 to 25 years of service, and had been discharged more recently (>2 years prior). In those who were discharged, being normal or overweight (vs. obese), and a nonsmoker or former smoker (vs. current smoker) were positively associated with meeting MVPA Guidelines at follow-up, while meeting MVPA Guidelines at baseline and depression were inversely associated.Conclusions:Reductions in MVPA were substantial and unexpected. Increased understanding of transitional periods that may benefit from interventions to mitigate declines in PA will help prevent excess weight gain and physical inactivity-associated health consequences.