bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Clinician Attitudes of Respect and Trust for Persons With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Haywood Carlton , Williams-Reade Jacqueline , Rushton Cynda , Beach Mary Catherine , Geller Gail 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE:
To test the effect of 1 high-intensity, and 1 reduced-intensity, educational intervention designed to improve health care provider attitudes toward youth with sickle cell disease (SCD).

METHODS:
We exposed a regional sample of pediatric health care providers to a 2.5-day high-intensity educational and experiential intervention using videos about the SCD patient experience. Additionally, we traveled to a different set of regional health care institutions and offered pediatric providers a reduced-intensity intervention, consisting of a 90-minute lunchtime in-service centered on our same set of videos about the patient’s experience. We assessed the impact of both interventions by taking pre/post measurements of the negative and positive attitudes expressed by participating providers toward patients with SCD.

RESULTS:
Both interventions tested elicited improvements in the SCD attitudes expressed by the pediatric providers as suggested through a reduction in measured negative attitude scores (20.0 vs 12.1, P &lt; .001), and an improvement in positive attitude scores (67.1 vs 72.2, P &lt; .001). Further testing suggested that the high-intensity intervention elicited a stronger effect than the reduced-intensity intervention across multiple attitudinal domains.

CONCLUSIONS:
Video-based interventions can be used to improve the attitudes of pediatric providers toward patients with SCD. The availability of interventions of varying intensities provides greater flexibility in designing efforts to advance the quality of SCD care through the improvement of provider attitudes.
Pain Prevalence and Treatment Patterns in a US Children’s Hospital
Authors: Shomaker Kyrie , Dutton Shirl , Mark Melissa 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVE:
Hospitalized children experience significant pain despite improvement efforts. This study was undertaken to better understand the epidemiology of acute pain in hospitalized children and the extent to which existing measures reveal targets for improving pain management.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional survey was used to audit pain assessment, intensity, prevalence, source, and treatment hospital-wide on a single day in 2011. Chart audits were performed on patients aged 0 to 21 years. All patients had the option to participate in a structured interview about their pain experience.

RESULTS:
The audit included 112 children, 47 of whom were interviewed. Pain prevalence obtained by child/parent interview (72%) was more than twice that documented by nurses (30%). Infants, but not cognitively impaired children, had significantly lower rates of pain detection and analgesic ordering than older age groups. Procedural pain was the most frequently cited source of pain among interviewed patients and was poorly addressed in the medical record. Fifty percent of children with documented moderate-to-severe pain received scheduled pain medications. More than one-third of interviewed patients would have wanted more pain medication if it could have been safely given.

CONCLUSIONS:
Specific gaps remain in the quality of pain management provided to hospitalized children. Focus on infant pain detection, assessment and management of procedural pain, and scheduled analgesic ordering are sensible targets for future process improvement efforts.
A Qualitative Analysis of Pediatric Patient Attitudes Regarding Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Berkwitt Adam , Grossman Matthew 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends family-centered rounds (FCR) as standard practice for the inpatient setting. To date, there is limited research investigating the attitudes of pediatric patients regarding this shift in practice. The goal of this study was to explore pediatric patients’ perspectives of their experiences during FCR.

METHODS:
We conducted a qualitative descriptive study based on results from 22 semi-structured interviews of school-aged and adolescent inpatients from September 2012 through October 2013. English-speaking patients, aged 7 to 18 years, who participated in FCR were eligible for inclusion. Transcripts were initially analyzed by using a constant comparative method. After completion of this initial analysis, a third reviewer independently reviewed all transcripts to verify the accuracy of the final coding scheme.

RESULTS:
The final coding scheme consisted of 5 main themes: team size, medical team interactions, content discussed on FCR, setting expectations, and timing and location of FCR. In general, patients expressed a wide array of positive, negative, and neutral impressions within each theme relating to their experiences with FCR.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patient comments regarding their experience with FCR offer unique perspectives from previously studied participants, including physicians, nurses, students, and parents. Future research aimed at evaluating the bedside rounding process should incorporate patients’ views to realize the complete FCR experience.
Ti-clinohumite in the Ciénaga skarn-type mineralogy, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Massif (Colombia): Occurrence and petrologic significance
Authors: Ríos Carlos Alberto , Castellanos Óscar Mauricio , Chacón Carlos Alberto 
Published: July 2015

<p>This study reports the occurrence and petrologic significance of Ti-clinohumite for the first time in the Ciénaga skarn, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Massif. Ti-Clinohumite occurs as thin bands hosted in the Ciénaga Marbles of lower Cretaceous age, which consist of quartz-wollastonite-diopside-garnet-clinohumite marbles. We focus the attention on the occurrence of Ti-clinohumite-bearing domains, highlighting some interesting textures as well as the mineralogy and chemistry of the Ti-clinohumite. On the basis of its geologic situation, petrography, mineral composition and metamorphic history, we discuss the origin of Ti-clinohumite.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>El estudio reporta la presencia y el significado petrológico de Ti-clinohumita por primera vez en mármoles del depósito de skarn de Ciénaga, Macizo Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, de edad Cretácico inferior. La Ti-clinohumita ocurre como bandas delgadas en mármoles de cuarzo-wollastonita-diópsido-granateclinohumita. Centramos la atención en la ocurrencia de los dominios con Ti-clinohumita, destacando algunas de sus texturas interesantes, así como la mineralogía y la química de la Ti-clinohumita. Con base al contexto geológico, a las características petrográficas, a la composición mineral y a la historia metamórfica, se discute el origen de la Ti-clinohumita.</p>
Exploring Authorship Development Among Mexican EFL Teacher-Researchers
Authors: Trujeque Moreno Eva Estefania , Encinas Prudencio Fátima , Thomas-Ruzic Maria 
Published: July 2015

<p>This article presents a multi-theoretical model to address processes of <em>authorship development</em> in the English as a foreign language teaching profession. Working within a sociocultural perspective of second-language teacher education, the authors examined six experienced nonnative English-speaking teacher-researchers. Perceptions of their key moments in the profession were analyzed using a mixed-method approach that combined document analysis with personal narratives. The findings indicated that both <em>authoring</em> (products and activities in their profession) and <em>self-authorship</em> (transformational processes throughout their careers) contributed to constructing these English as a foreign language professionals as scholars.</p><p>En este artículo se presenta un modelo multiteórico y multinivel para identificar el proceso en el que los autores se desarrollan en el área de la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera, proceso identificado como <em>desarrollo de la autoría</em>. Este modelo se desarrolló bajo una perspectiva sociocultural de la formación de profesores que presenta una muestra de las percepciones de seis profesores investigadores mexicanos en el área de inglés como lengua extranjera. Se utilizó un método mixto que combinó el análisis de documentos con narrativas personales. Los resultados de esta investigación indicaron la presencia de momentos significativos de su <em>autoría</em> (productos y actividades) y su <em>auto-autoría</em> (procesos de transformación), que contribuyeron a la construcción del desarrollo de la autoría de estos profesores-investigadores.</p>
Perfil de los estudiantes de bibliotecología y ciencias de la información de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez-Álvarez Juan Antonio , Rojas-González Xinia 
Published: July 2015

El artículo brinda las características demográficas, académicas, laborales y económicas de la familia, del estudiante de bachillerato de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información (EBCI) de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en el año 2011. El objetivo propuesto en esta investigación fue elaborar un perfil de los estudiantes que cursaban en ese momento el Bachillerato Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información (BBCI), tomando en cuenta las características mencionadas en las primeras líneas de este resumen. El estudio es cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo. Cada característica se analiza en forma general y para cinco variables de control. El estudio se basa en un censo en el que participaron 201 estudiantes activos de los programas de bachillerato que ofrece la EBCI. Las principales conclusiones fueron que la población estudiantil mayoría es mujer, esta condición se mantiene en todos los grados que ofrece la escuela; hay mayoría de mujeres estudiantes de las poblaciones rurales, mientras que la población masculina en su mayoría pertenece al área metropolitana. Esta situación afecta a los estudiantes que deben buscar un empleo con el fin de ayudar económicamente a sus familias.
Tecnologías de almacenamiento de información en el ambiente digital
Authors: Vázquez-Moctezuma Salvador E. 
Published: July 2015

<p>Las bibliotecas han funcionado por mucho tiempo como depósitos de información, a la cual facilitan el acceso recogiéndola y preservándola. Actualmente el entorno ha cambiado y las bibliotecas se enfrentan al reto de contener un creciente volumen de información digital, de ahí que son necesarias las tecnologías de información masiva. Este trabajo tiene como propósito revisar los métodos de sistemas de almacenamiento de datos masivos, por lo cual se describen y analizan cuatro tipos de tecnologías de almacenamiento en datos: DAS, NAS, SAN y almacenamiento en nube; para ello se utilizó el método documental. Se encontró escasa literatura sobre los sistemas de almacenamiento digital vistos desde la perspectiva de las ciencias de la información, razón por la cual se retoman publicaciones del área de ciencias de la computación e ingeniería en sistemas para comprender el tópico. Se concluye que el almacenamiento de los datos en la era digital se lleva a cabo de forma concentrada y distribuida.</p>
Promoción positiva de vegetales en preescolares costarricenses empleando el Kamishibai
Authors: Chacón-Villalobos Alejandro , Molina-Angulo Ruth , Ruíz-González María José 
Published: July 2015

Este artículo presenta la evaluación de la promoción positiva de los vegetales chayote (Sechium edule) y brócoli (Brassica oleracea L), al emplear la estrategia de animación a la lectura conocida como Kamishibai. Durante el año 2012 en San José, se estudió la actitud infantil hacia los vegetales (positiva, negativa o neutra), y el agrado sensorial que sentía esta población antes de la exposición al Kamishibai y, posterior a la misma; se trabajó conn 213 infantes preescolares entre los 4 y 6 años de edad. Las evaluaciones de actitud se efectuaron por medio de una entrevista, mientras que el agrado se estudió por medio de un panel sensorial. La exposición al Kamishibai consistió en 10 intervenciones en la forma de sesiones de cuentos, donde se dividieron los infantes en cuatro grupos según género del menor y género del personaje del cuento que promocionó el vegetal. Todas las actividades se llevaron a cabo en un espacio de juego acondicionado para tal efecto en el salón de clases. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, puede argumentarse que el uso de la técnica del Kamishibai como técnica de animación a la lectura incrementó significativamente la opinión positiva y el agrado inicial hacia los vegetales en estas personas menores (p<0,05), indiferentemente de su género y del género de las figuras que efectuaron la promoción.
Intragap States Induced Visible Light Absorption of TiO2 Nanoparticles: En Route to Solar Fuel Production
Authors: Yaghoubi Houman , Casey Thomas M. , Twahir Umar T , Angerhofer Alexander , Fanucci Gail E. , Li Zhi , Schlaf Rudy , Takshi Arash 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTCarbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas that is a bi-product of industrial approaches to energy production. Forests and nonagricultural lands act as a natural sink for CO2 removal from the atmosphere; however, the amount of emitted CO2 is significantly larger than the capacity of these natural sinks. This is particularly problematic as two cornerstones of our modern world, electricity generation and transportation, hold the largest share in greenhouse gas (such as CO2) emission. This leads to malignant impacts on the natural environment and human life, such as global warming. The obvious approach to reduce the amount of generated CO2 is to limit the use of fossil fuels. However, coal-fired power plants remain the largest source of electricity generation in 2014 and an equally potent and financially reasonable source is yet to be fully developed. Hence, new systems and strategies are crucial for the remediation of CO2. In this work, we present novel TiO2 nanoparticles, synthesized via a facile solution-phase method, which show a significant visible light absorption. The synthesized nanoparticles can be applied towards photoreduction of CO2 for hydrocarbon solar fuels production. A thorough photoemission spectroscopy analysis outlined the energy structure of the materials which uncovered a sub-bandgap absorption in the visible range due to the presence of intragap states. The origins of intragap states were investigated in greater detail using various characterization techniques. An in-depth chemical composition study of the developed material using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the synthesized material is considerably un-doped. Further structural analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that distances between visible lattice fringes are matched with ordered crystalline phases of TiO2. The core emission study using XPS revealed that the oxygen vacancy defects in the structure--i.e. likely due the synthesis--are responsible for intragap states formation. Charge dynamics were investigated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. EPR spectra were dominated by signals from oxygen-centered surface hole trapping sites with principle g values [2.003, 2.010, 2.023]--i.e. Ti4+ ˗ O2- on anatase. A faint signal was also observed as a function of visible light illumination at 5 K with principle g value of 1.975 that is suggestive of Ti3+ in rutile, a typical product of UV light exposure. In general, this study demonstrates the potential of a relatively inexpensive material for photoreduction of CO2 and generation of solar fuels.
Characterization of Dipeptide-based Sorbent Materials using Combined Thermodynamic and Inelastic Neutron Scattering Techniques
Authors: Paradiso Daniele , Perelli Cippo Enrico , Gorini Giuseppe , Rossi Giorgio , Larese J. Z. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTUsing a combination of x-ray diffraction, volumetric adsorption and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) the adsorption properties of methane within the channels of L-Isoleucyl-L-Valine (IV) and L-Valyl-L-Alanine (VA) dipeptides have been investigated. These biomaterials have quasi one-dimensional channels of tunable diameters in the range of 3-6 Å and offer possibilities for selective adsorption, as well as, water and gas transport properties. High-resolution volumetric methane adsorption measurements performed near 100K for IV find that this biomaterial exhibits an adsorption capacity of ∼100 m2/g. High-resolution Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) measurements were performed at the Spallation Neutron Source using the BASIS spectrometer with ∼ 3.5 μeV resolution. The data clearly indicate that at least two spectral features at energy transfers near 100 and 200 μeV are present, which suggests a lowering of the hindering potential for methane reorientation primarily about the three-fold axis within the IV channels. Such features play a key role in understanding details concerning the potential energy surface. These thermodynamic and INS studies suggest that the flexibility and dynamical motion within the dipeptide channels may play a significant role in the adsorption properties.
Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal mucociliary clearance
Authors: Babacan Hasan , Doruk Cenk , Uysal Ismail Onder , Yuce Salim 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the changes in nasal mucociliary clearance in orthodontic patients after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) therapy.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-two children (25 boys and 17 girls) participated in this study. The RME group consisted of 21 patients (mean age, 13.8 years), who had undergone RME at the initiation of orthodontic treatment. The control group consisted of 21 subjects (mean age, 13.6 years), who were attending the department of orthodontics for active orthodontic treatment. The nasal mucociliary clearance was assessed by the saccharin test. Saccharin transit times (STTs) were measured for each treated subject before expansion (T1), after RME (T2), and after a 3-month retention period (T3). Records were obtained at the same time intervals for each group.

Results:
The STT decreased significantly in the RME group after expansion and retention (P &lt; .05). A statistically significant difference was found when the STTs of the control and RME groups were compared after expansion and retention (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
The STTs of young orthodontic patients with maxillary narrowness and without any history of nasal or systemic disease were within normal limits. However, RME increased the mucociliary clearance in patients who had maxillary narrowness, having positive effects on nasal physiology and increasing nasal cavity volume.
Evaluation of female breast cancer risk among the betel quid chewer: A bio-statistical assessment in Assam, India
Authors: Rajbongshi Nijara , Mahanta Lipi B , Nath Dilip C 
Published: July 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among the female population of Assam, India. Chewing of betel quid with or without tobacco is common practice among female population of this region. Moreoverthe method of preparing the betel quid is different from other parts of the country.So matched case control study is conducted to analyse whetherbetel quid chewing plays a significant role in the high incidence of breast cancer occurrences in Assam. Methods and Material: Here, controls are matched to the cases by age at diagnosis (±5 years), family income and place of residence with matching ratio 1:1. Conditional logistic regression models and odd ratios (OR) was used to draw conclusions. Results: It is observed that cases are more habituated to chewing habits than the controls.Further the conditional logistic regression analysis reveals that betel quid chewer faces 2.353 times more risk having breast cancer than the non-chewer with p value 0.0003 (95% CI 1.334-4.150). Conclusion:Though the female population in Assam usually does not smoke, the addictive habits typical to this region have equal effect on the occurrence of breast cancer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i2.12832Nepal J Epidemiol. 2015;5(2); 494-498.
Woodrow Wilson’s hidden stroke of 1919: the impact of patient-physician confidentiality on United States foreign policy
Authors: Menger Richard P. , Storey Christopher M. , Guthikonda Bharat , Missios Symeon , Nanda Anil , Cooper John M. 
Published: July 2015

World War I catapulted the United States from traditional isolationism to international involvement in a major European conflict. Woodrow Wilson envisaged a permanent American imprint on democracy in world affairs through participation in the League of Nations. Amid these defining events, Wilson suffered a major ischemic stroke on October 2, 1919, which left him incapacitated. What was probably his fourth and most devastating stroke was diagnosed and treated by his friend and personal physician, Admiral Cary Grayson. Grayson, who had tremendous personal and professional loyalty to Wilson, kept the severity of the stroke hidden from Congress, the American people, and even the president himself. During a cabinet briefing, Grayson formally refused to sign a document of disability and was reluctant to address the subject of presidential succession. Wilson was essentially incapacitated and hemiplegic, yet he remained an active president and all messages were relayed directly through his wife, Edith. Patient-physician confidentiality superseded national security amid the backdrop of friendship and political power on the eve of a pivotal juncture in the history of American foreign policy.
It was in part because of the absence of Woodrow Wilson’s vocal and unwavering support that the United States did not join the League of Nations and distanced itself from the international stage. The League of Nations would later prove powerless without American support and was unable to thwart the rise and advance of Adolf Hitler. Only after World War II did the United States assume its global leadership role and realize Wilson’s visionary, yet contentious, groundwork for a Pax Americana.
The authors describe Woodrow Wilson’s stroke, the historical implications of his health decline, and its impact on United States foreign policy.
Contralateral approach for clipping of bilateral anterior circulation aneurysms
Authors: Caplan Justin M. , Sankey Eric , Gullotti David , Wang Joanna , Westbroek Erick , Hwang Brian , Huang Judy 
Published: July 2015

Patients with bilateral anterior circulation aneurysms present a management challenge. These lesions may be treated in a staged manner or alternatively, for select patients, a contralateral approach may be utilized to treat bilateral aneurysms with a single surgery. In this narrated video illustration, we present the case of a 57-year-old woman with incidentally discovered bilateral aneurysms (left middle cerebral artery [MCA], left anterior choroidal artery and right MCA). A contralateral approach through a left pterional craniotomy was performed formicrosurgical clipping of all three aneurysms. The techniques of pterional craniotomy, contralateral approach, microsurgical clipping and intraoperative angiography are reviewed.The authors are grateful to Wuyang Yang, M.D. for his assistance.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/MlPIu3hQZkg.
Microsurgical clip reconstruction techniques for aneurysms with significant calcified neck
Authors: H.Turkmani Ali , Day Arthur L. , Kim Dong H. , Chen Peng Roc 
Published: July 2015

A common surgical complication of clipping aneurysms with a calcified neck is the calcified atheroma compromising the parent arteries after clipping the neck. Clips can slip downward at the calcified neck or cause calcified atheroma encroaching the parent arteries. This video demonstrates a reconstructive clip technique to avoid these issues. A fenes-trated clip is placed first to reconstruct the distal parent artery-aneurysm neck with the fenestrated ring over the thickest calcification. Then, a straight clip reconstructs the proximal artery-aneurysm junction, leaving the thickest point of calcified walls pinching together by themselves to achieve aneurysm occlusion while preserving the parent arteries.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/9CM3o5_qlNQ.