bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium pyrophosphates in enzyme mimics of nucleotide synthases and kinases and in their prebiotic chemistry
Authors: Gopinath Purushothaman , Ramalingam Vijayakumar , Breslow Ronald 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Nucleotides are biosynthesized from a ribose pyrophosphate species, with enzymes and magnesium ions as catalysts. Magnesium ions alone can perform this process with synthetic ribose pyrophosphates, by binding to the pyrophosphate groups and linking cyclic nitrogen bases to the ribose. In a kinase mimic ATP transfers the terminal phosphate to receptors catalyzed by magnesium ions, binding to pyrophosphate groups, but magnesium ion at low concentrations inhibits the process, and only at higher concentrations is it a catalyst. This affords great insight into the mechanism of ATP phosphorylation, a fundamental biological process. Our enzyme mimics could well operate on prebiotic earth before enzymes were present. This work strengthens the picture of how important components of life could have been formed prebiotically.
Activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase by self-DNA causes autoimmune diseases
Authors: Gao Daxing , Li Tuo , Li Xiao-Dong , Chen Xiang , Li Quan-Zhen , Wight-Carter Mary , Chen Zhijian J. 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceThe immune system detects microbial DNA in the cytosol of infected cells and mounts effective antimicrobial responses, including the production of type-I interferons. However, when self-DNA enters or accumulates in the cytosol, it can cause autoimmune diseases. Mutations of the exonuclease Trex1 in humans have been linked to autoimmune diseases including Aicardi–Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In mice, genetic deletion of Trex1 or the lysosomal nuclease DNaseII leads to lethal autoimmune diseases. Here we show that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) activation by self-DNA is responsible for the lethal autoimmune diseases in these models. These results provide the proof-of-concept that inhibition of cGAS may be an effective therapy for some autoimmune diseases such as AGS and SLE.
Role of water and steric constraints in the kinetics of cavity–ligand unbinding
Authors: Tiwary Pratyush , Mondal Jagannath , Morrone Joseph A. , Berne B. J. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
The unbinding of ligand–substrate systems in molecular water is a problem of great theoretical and practical interest. To understand the dynamical nature of the unbinding, it is desirable to use atomistic techniques like molecular dynamics (MD). However, the associated timescales are typically too long for MD to be applicable. In this work, we apply a recent metadynamics scheme that allows the use of MD to get information on thermodynamics and kinetics of systems that are virtually impossible to treat with unbiased MD. We calculate unbinding pathways and timescales, and show that solvent molecules play a crucial role in cooperation with steric effects. The approaches used here demonstrate a broadly applicable methodology for studying ligand unbinding.
Enzymatic transglycosylation of ginsenoside Rg1 by rice seed α-glucosidase
Authors: Kim Min-Ji , Kim Young-Hoi , Song Geun-Sup , Suzuki Yukio , Kim Myung-Kon 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Six α-monoglucosyl derivatives of ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) were synthesized by transglycosylation reaction of rice seed α-glucosidase in the reaction mixture containing maltose as a glucosyl donor and G-Rg1 as an acceptor. Their chemical structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis, and the effects of reaction time, pH, and glycosyl donors on transglycosylation reaction were investigated. The results showed that rice seed α-glucosidase transfers α-glucosyl group from maltose to G-Rg1 by forming either α-1,3 (α-nigerosyl)-, α-1,4 (α-maltosyl)-, or α-1,6 (α-isomaltosyl)-glucosidic linkages in β-glucose moieties linked at the C6- and C20-position of protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type aglycone. The optimum pH range for the transglycosylation reaction was between 5.0 and 6.0. Rice seed α-glucosidase acted on maltose, soluble starch, and PNP α-D-glucopyranoside as glycosyl donors, but not on glucose, sucrose, or trehalose. These α-monoglucosyl derivatives of G-Rg1 were easily hydrolyzed to G-Rg1 by rat small intestinal and liver α-glucosidase in vitro.
Surgical Reconstruction for Talocalcaneal Coalitions With Severe Hindfoot Valgus Deformity
Authors: Javier Masquijo Julio , Vazquez Ignacio , Allende Victoria , Lanfranchi Lucas , Torres-Gomez Armando , Dobbs Matthew B. 
Published: September 2015

Introduction:
Coalition resection can restore motion, and improve pain in patients with talocalcaneal coalitions (TCCs) and an aligned foot. However, there is some debate regarding appropriate treatment of patients with associated valgus deformity. The purpose of this study was to present the outcomes and complications following surgical reconstruction, with or without coalition resection, in a series of patients with TCC and severe hindfoot valgus.

Methods:
Thirteen consecutive patients (14 feet) were evaluated. Eleven patients were male. Mean age was 14 years. Mean follow-up was 43.8 months. Seven patients (8 feet) underwent simultaneous resection of the coalition and reconstruction, and 6 patients (6 feet) isolated reconstruction. The talar-first metatarsal angle, the talar-horizontal angle, and calcaneal pitch were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Clinical evaluation was made according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score.

Results:
All radiographic values improved significantly and were within the normal ranges postoperatively. The average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score had improved from 45 to 98 points (P<0.001) in the group of simultaneous resection and reconstruction, and from 60 to 92.3 points (P=0.002) in the group of isolated reconstruction. All patients were asymptomatic at the last follow-up and were satisfied with the procedure.

Discussion:
Surgical reconstruction with or without coalition resection can achieve significant functional and radiographic improvements, and symptoms relief in selected patients with TCCs and severe valgus deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—therapeutic study.
Analytical limits of hybrid identification using genetic markers: an empirical and simulation study inHippolaiswarblers
Authors: Engler JO , Twietmeyer S , Secondi J , Elle O , Hochkirch A 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHybridization is known to occur in a wide range of avian species, yet the rate and persistence of hybridization on populations is often hard to assess. Genotyping using variable genetic marker sets has become a common tool to identify hybrid individuals, however assignment outputs can differ depending on the marker set used. Here, we study hybrid assignment in two siblingHippolaiswarblers, where hybrid assignment has shown to differ between SSR and AFLP markers. Simulation of heterospecific individuals as well as backcrosses (typed using SSR markers) reveals a rapid loss of assignment probability in higher backcross generations.However, the characterization of F1 hybrids was clearly distinguished from both parental taxa. The differences in marker sets are not contradictory but complementary. The rate of hybridization is lower than previously expected with AFLP markers but introgression might be long-lasting. This could be either due to differences in power of the marker systems used or due to non-neutral variation covered by AFLP but not SSR markers. We call for more attention to be paid regarding the potential limits of classical marker systems to investigate hybridization and its persistence in natural systems.
Legitimacy, accountability and impression management in NGOs: the Indian Ocean tsunami
Authors: Conway Susan Lee , O'Keefe Patricia Ann , Hrasky Sue Louise 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– Prior research has investigated legitimation strategies in corporate annual reports in the for-profit sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this phenomenon in an NGO environment. It investigates Australian overseas aid agencies’ responses to criticism of the relief effort following the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. It aims to determine whether voluntary annual report disclosures were reflective of impression management and/or of the discharge of functional accountability.Design/methodology/approach– The paper applies content analysis to compare the structure and content of the annual reports of 19 Australian overseas aid agencies before and after the Indian Ocean tsunami.Findings– Results suggest voluntary disclosure in annual reports significantly increased post-tsunami and was more consistent with impression management activity rather than functional accountability suggesting a response to the legitimacy challenge. The use of impression management tactics differed with agency size, with larger agencies using ingratiation in order to appear more attractive while smaller ones promoted their particular achievements.Originality/value– This paper makes a contribution by extending prior impression management and legitimacy literature to an NGO environment. It has implications for the development of these theories as it looks at organisations where the stakeholders are different from the for-profit sector and profits are not the main concern. It raises issues about the concept of accountability in the NGO sector, and how the nature of organisation reporting is changing to address the challenges of a sector where access to funds is highly competitive.
A response to “theoretical triangulation and pluralism in accounting research: a critical realist critique”
Authors: Hoque Zahirul , Covaleski Mark A , Gooneratne Tharusha N 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to respond to Modell’s paper entitled “Theoretical triangulation and pluralism in accounting research: a critical realist critique” (AAAJ this issue), which offers a two-part exposition of topics and issues pertaining to the recent paper “Theoretical triangulation and pluralism in research methods in organizational and accounting research” (Hoque et al., 2013).

Design/methodology/approach
– Critical analysis of Modell’s observations pertaining to the paper drawing on the classical work of Burrell and Morgan (1979).

Findings
– The authors reemphasize the need for an interaction between adopting an ontological stance and then conducting empirical research where the authors stated that the intention was not to argue any idea that theoretical triangulation approach should become the dominant approach and “take over” single theory approach. Instead, the authors demonstrate the ways theoretical triangulation can advance the understanding of multifaceted organizational realities.

Originality/value
– The authors make a contribution to the generation of knowledge in research by addressing the tradeoffs involved such as possible theoretical incoherence and lack of focus when integrating theories with different ontological and epistemological assumptions.
Sustainability reporting and the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Thoradeniya Prabanga , Lee Janet , Tan Rebecca , Ferreira Aldónio 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– Drawing upon the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of managers’ attitude and other psychological factors on sustainability reporting (SR). In doing so, this paper aims to respond to calls for the use of previously untried theoretical approaches on the SR literature.Design/methodology/approach– The study uses a survey of top and middle-level managers of listed and non-listed companies in Sri Lanka. Data were analysed using a Partial Least Squares path model.Findings– The findings indicate that managers’ attitude towards SR, belief about stakeholder pressure, and their capacity to control SR behaviour influence their intention to engage in SR and, indirectly, actual corporate SR behaviour (in the context of listed companies). However, whilst managers of non-listed companies exhibit the intention to engage in SR, the lack of a relationship between intention and behaviour suggests that companies face barriers towards SR due to lack of actual control over the SR process. Religion, in the case of non-listed companies, and education, in the case of listed companies, has some degree of influence over managers’ beliefs.Research limitations/implications– The use of self-reported SR behaviour is a limitation but necessary to maintain anonymity of respondents. The low levels of self-reported SR correspond with past evidence on actual SR in developing countries.Practical implications– The results show that managers’ psychological factors are important in determining SR behaviour in companies. Specifically, this highlights the possible roles that regulators, professional bodies and companies can play in improving educational and cultural influences towards improving the level of SR.Originality/value– This is the first study to apply the TPB to understand SR behaviour by integrating psychological factors relating to managers’ belief, attitudes and perceptions.
Management control systems and research management in universities
Authors: Agyemang Gloria , Broadbent Jane 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the management control systems developed by universities and groups within them, to manage research within UK University Business and Management Schools. Specifically, the paper analyses how universities develop their internal management control systems in response to an externally imposed regulatory system. It also provides an agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses a middle range approach to consider the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) and the previous Research Assessment Exercises. It uses the language provided by a number of conceptual frames to analyse insights from the lived experience, and builds on previous literature that has recognised the perverse outcomes of such performance measurement systems.Findings– The study finds that the internal management control systems developed by academics themselves amplify the controls imposed by the REF. These internal control systems are accepted by some academics although they encourage a movement away from previously held academic values.Originality/value– This study contributes to debates about the dysfunctional impacts of the use of performance measures to manage research. Its originality lies in explaining that the management control systems developed to resist the imposition of external performance measurement systems may lead to symbolic violence where participants become involved with their own subjugation.
Market access and the mirage of marketing to the maximum: new measures
Authors: Paul Justin 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Globalization means integrating the economy and consumer market with the rest of the world, which involves the removal of restrictions on imports and foreign investment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of globalization on international marketing from the point of multinational firms, in the context of an emerging consumer market – India.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a general review-based study with some secondary data analysis. The author introduces new measures for industry analysis.

Findings
– It was found that Indian market has opened up substantially and there are many foreign players in most sectors. Imports growth rate has gone up substantially during post-World Trade Organization period. The author provides insights based on sector-wise analysis.

Originality/value
– The most important contribution of this paper is the introduction of two measures for carrying out industry analysis by integrating economics, marketing and strategy a Success-probability Index (SPI); and an Opportunity-Threat Matrix (OTM). The author puts forward generalized theoretical propositions for further research, which can be tested in an emerging market/industry context.
Effects of perceived product similarity and ad claims on brand responses in comparative advertising
Authors: Pornpitakpan Chanthika , Yuan Yizhou 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of perceived product similarity and comparative ad claims on brand responses.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses a two (similarity between the target product and the comparison product: relatively similar vs dissimilar) by three (product attributes of the target product: common to the comparison product, distinct from the comparison product, and a combination of common and distinct attributes) between-subjects factorial design with 300 Thai undergraduate students.

Findings
– It finds that when perceived similarity between the products is high, a combination of superiority (distinct) and parity (common) ad claims lead to the best brand responses. When perceived similarity is low, superiority claims bring about the best brand responses.

Research limitations/implications
– It extends comparative advertising and category-substitution research by addressing the research gaps in perceived similarity and claim type.

Practical implications
– Companies should emphasize a product’s superior attributes in general but a combination of common and superior attributes when the product is relatively similar to other products in comparative advertising.

Originality/value
– This study provides new evidence that perceived product similarity moderates the effect of comparative ad claims on brand responses.
Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Thailand
Authors: Srinaruewan Preeda , Binney Wayne , Higgins Colin 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand the business case for corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Thailand by focusing on the consumer-organisational relationship and test the conceptual framework of Duet al.(2007).Design/methodology/approach– A quantitative study was conducted using a mall intercept survey of 184 Thai mobile phone service provider consumers in Bangkok, Thailand.Findings– A CSR emphasised brand is more likely than non-CSR emphasised brands to accrue consumer CSR awareness, positive attitude to company motivations and beliefs in the CSR of that company. Although beliefs are associated with consumers’ greater identification and advocacy behaviours towards the CSR emphasised brand than the non-CSR emphasised brands, they are not associated with loyalty.Practical implications– The paper provides potential guidance for companies to more effectively position and communicate their CSR activities to create differential advantages.Originality/value– Findings of the study demonstrate some support for a business case for CSR in Thailand.
Training in literature review and associated skills
Authors: Leger Lawrence A. , Sirichand Kavita 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate a credit-bearing taught module in literature review skills (broadly conceived, to include literature search, avoidance of plagiarism, analysis, synthesis, writing literature reviews, formulation of research proposals). The module provides training in skills with high transferability to employment, other areas of education and research.

Design/methodology/approach
– The structure of the module is informed by considerations from learning theory and instructional design. Training is by participation in tasks in an active learning framework (“learning-by-doing”). Students work both individually and in small work-groups, on tasks based on specially prepared reading sets. Tutorial presentations are followed by verbal and video feedback. Dedicated English language support is provided. The module is evaluated by analysing responses to an open-ended questionnaire.

Findings
– Students respond very favourably to the module and are aware of the transferability of the skills they practice. However, there is no real evidence of the acquisition of meta-cognitive skills. There is demand for enhanced feedback, particularly verbal feedback.

Research limitations/implications
– The results of the evaluation and the instructional design of the module suggest many areas for experiments in pedagogy.

Originality/value
– There is no other published account of extensive training in literature review skills that we have been able to find. The paper addresses a gap in both the provision of training and its dissemination.
Predicting success in the undergraduate hybrid business ethics class
Authors: Abzug Rikki 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to use data available through the hybrid (blended online and face to face) learning environment to explore both a direct behavioral measure of conscientiousness and gender in predicting hybrid classroom performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Variables measuring both student conscientious behavior, in the hybrid classroom, and gender were examined to determine their relationship to student final grades (i.e. success) in hybrid undergraduate business ethics courses.

Findings
– The author finds that: first, conscientiousness continues to be a solid predictor of academic success; second, gender continues to be an insignificant predictor of success in the online/hybrid environment; third, using direct behavioral measures of conscientiousness yields results consistent with prior research that linked inventory-based conscientiousness levels to academic performance; and finally, the archiving and data-collection functions of the hybrid classroom represent a rich trove of behavioral data that may be mined for clues to predict student academic success.

Research limitations/implications
– As the research is based on data from six hybrid business ethics classrooms at one institution, future research could be extended to different classrooms and different institutions compared across nations. Research implications include highlighting the potential value of using direct measures of conscientiousness to predict performance.

Practical implications
– The study sheds light on the tremendous possibilities for conducting applied research on educational performance outcomes using the rich data inherent in the hybrid learning environment. The author has suggested numerous ways to mine the data from the online portion of the hybrid classroom to explore antecedents of academic success. The author suggests that the hybrid classroom can provide data to act as an early warning system for educators to identify struggling students.

Originality/value
– The paper builds upon an exploratory study of the use of direct behavioral (rather than inventory self-report) measures of personality in research on educational outcomes as well as introducing avenues for original research on learning behavior based on data afforded by the hybrid educational environment.