bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The centennial legacy of land‐use change on organic carbon stocks of German agricultural soils
Authors: Emde David , Poeplau Christopher , Don Axel , Heilek Stefan , Schneider Florian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConverting natural vegetation for agriculture has resulted in the loss of approximately 5% of the current global terrestrial soil organic carbon (SOC) stock to the atmosphere. Increasing the agricultural area under grassland may reverse some of these losses, but the effectiveness of such a strategy is limited by how quickly SOC recovers after conversion from cropland. Using soil data and extensive land‐use histories gathered during the national German agricultural soil inventory, this study aims to answer three questions regarding agricultural land‐use change (LUC): (i) how do SOC stocks change with depth following LUC; (ii) how long does it take to reach SOC equilibrium after LUC; and (iii) what is the legacy effect of historic LUC on present day SOC dynamics? By using a novel approach that substitutes space for time and accounts for differences in site properties using propensity score balancing, we determined that sites that were converted from cropland to grassland reached a SOC equilibrium level 47.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 43.4% to 49.5%) above permanent cropland levels 83 years (95% CI: 79 to 90 years) after conversion. Meanwhile, sites converted from grassland to cropland reached a SOC equilibrium level −33.6% (95% CI: −34.1% to −33.5%) below permanent grassland levels after 180 years (95% CI: 151 to 223 years). We estimate that, over the past century, today's German agricultural soils (16.6 million ha) have gained about 40 million Mg C. Furthermore, croplands with historic LUC from grassland are losing SOC by −0.26 Mg ha−1 year−1 (10% of agricultural land) while grasslands historically converted from cropland are gaining SOC by 0.27 Mg ha−1 year−1 (18% of agricultural land). This study shows that even long‐standing temperate agricultural sites likely have ongoing SOC change as a result of historical LUC.
Representing austerity: Baby Banks and news media
Authors: Slocombe Hannah , Rowe Francisco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRising levels of hardship since the introduction of austerity have rendered essential items unaffordable for many on low incomes with young children. Baby Banks—organisations freely providing essential items and equipment to those with, or expecting, a baby or young infant—have grown. These organisations have received little academic attention and much of what is known about them comes from news media coverage. News media plays a critical role in raising public awareness, shaping public attitudes, and influencing policy formation. Drawing on 384 news articles, this paper explores the scale and nature of news article coverage of Baby Banks between 2009 and 2022 using sentiment analysis and topic modelling. Through employing these approaches, our research adds quantitative evidence to extant work on news media coverage under austerity. Our results show that the number of articles written about Baby Banks has grown since 2009, with peaks in coverage during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020, potentially reflecting the growing need for these organisations. While sentiment towards Baby Banks within news articles has predominantly been positive, since 2019 there has been a rise in negative coverage due to an increase in articles critical of the growing number of people requiring Baby Banks. Alongside discussions of political changes driving rising hardship, prominent underpinning narratives in articles have included charitable appeals for donations, praise for community work, the royal family, and mothers. By focusing on the sentiment and key discussions around Baby Banks, our research extends understandings of media coverage under austerity.
Characterizing heart failure and its subtypes in people living with HIV
Authors: Inestroza Karla , Hurtado Vanessa , Larson Michaela E. , Satish Sanjana , Severdija Ryan , Ebner Bertrand , Lang Barbara , Jones Deborah , Alcaide Maria , Martinez Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivePeople living with HIV have an increased risk of heart failure (HF). There are different subtypes of HF. Knowledge about the factors differentiating HF subtypes in people with HIV is limited but necessary to guide preventive measures and treatment.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was undertaken in people with HIV aged ≥18 years who received care at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial HIV Clinic between January 2017 and November 2019 (N = 1166). Patients with an echocardiogram available for review (n = 305) were included. HF was defined as a documented diagnosis of any HF subtype (n = 52). We stratified those with HF by their ejection fraction (EF) into HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), HF with borderline EF, or HF with reduced EF (HFrEF).ResultsThe prevalence of HF was 4.5%. The cohort included 46.2% females and 75% self‐identified African Americans. Those with HF had a higher prevalence of hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, diastolic dysfunction, and left ventricle hypertrophy. People with HIV with HF with borderline EF exhibited more coronary artery disease than those with HFpEF.ConclusionsWe characterize HF in people with HIV in South Florida and report the prevalence of HF and HF subtypes. Only a small percentage of patients had echocardiograms performed, suggesting an ongoing need for recognition of the increased risk of HF in people living with HIV, and raising the concern about lack of awareness contributing to underdiagnosis and missed treatment opportunities in this population.
Apical periodontitis as an aggravating factor for the severity of rheumatoid arthritis: An animal study
Authors: Damiani Bianca Araújo Magalhães , Pinto Karem Paula , Ferreira Cláudio Malizia Alves , Sarmento Estéfano Borgo , de Lima Carolina Oliveira , Cassimiro Caroline Silva , Sassone Luciana Moura , da Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThe present study investigated the influence of apical periodontitis (AP) on the severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a Wistar rat model.MethodologyForty male Wistar rats were distributed across four groups (n = 10) based on the induction of RA and AP: Control, RA, AP, and RA + AP. RA was induced through two immunisations with type II collagen emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, followed by one immunisation with complete Freund's adjuvant. After 21 days of RA induction, AP was induced by exposing the pulp of four molars. Animals were euthanized after 28 days of pulp exposure. Through the experiment, visual and behavioural assessments tracked RA development and the knees and hind paw joints were measured. Micro‐computed tomography scans of knees and hind paws, as well as mandibles and maxillae, were conducted to evaluate RA severity and the presence of AP, respectively. Serum samples were collected to analyse proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐17, and TNF‐α). Non‐parametric data were analysed using the Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test, while one‐way anova followed by Tukey's test was performed for parametric data. A significance level of 5% was employed.ResultsAll molars submitted to access cavity developed AP. All joints subjected to arthritis induction developed the disease, with AP + RA demonstrating a higher arthritis severity when compared to the RA group (p < .05). RA + AP group displayed a significantly larger hind paw and knee circumference compared to the RA group (p < .05). Micro‐CT images of RA and RA + AP groups revealed joints with erosions and bone deformities, with a significantly lower bone surface density, lower trabecular number and higher trabecular separation in the hind paw and a significantly lower percent bone volume and higher trabecular separation in the knees of RA + AP group compared to RA group (p < .05). RA + AP group exhibited a significantly higher level of TNF‐α and a lower level of IL‐2 compared to all other groups (p < .05). Both RA and RA + AP groups had significantly higher IL‐17 levels (p < .05), while there was no significant difference in IL‐1β levels among the groups (p > .05).ConclusionThe findings from this study underscore a possible relationship between apical periodontitis and the exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis.
Four locator attachments of mandibular implant‐retained overdentures with two different distributions: A 10‐year retrospective preliminary study of residual alveolar ridge changes
Authors: El‐Sawy Mohammed A. , Swedan Mostafa S. , Hegazy Salah AF. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThere is little information on the long‐term function of the four Locator attachment of the mandibular implant retained overdenture (OD), particularly with different distributions.PurposeTo compare the effect of different four inter‐foraminal implant distributions retaining a mandibular OD after 10 years of function on posterior mandibular ridge resorption (PMandRR), anterior maxillary ridge resorption (AMaxRR), and the amount of marginal bone loss (MBL) around all four implants.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐two participants with total edentulism who had worn mandibular OVDs retained by four inter‐foraminal implants for 10 years of functional life were selected for this study. They were divided into two groups based on implant distribution: Group I with a quadrilateral distribution (QD) of implants and Group II with a linear distribution (LD) of implants. PMandRR, AMaxRR, and MBL around implants were measured.ResultsAfter 10 years of function, PMandRR was significantly higher in the LD group than in the QD group (p < 0.001*). There was no significant difference in AMaxRR between the QD and LD groups (p = 0.431). The QD group showed a significantly greater amount of MBL around dental implants when compared with the LD group (p = 0.002*).ConclusionsThe LD of implants demonstrates more PMandRR compared with the QD. The QD of implants demonstrates a greater amount of MBL around dental implants compared with the LD. Both implant distributions demonstrate the same effect on the AMaxRR. MBL around implants remained within normal accepted values after 10 years of function.
A reproductive justice analysis of Black motherwork
Authors: Flowers Nia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how Black mothers have had each tenet of reproductive justice violated by state powers and institutions, how Black mothers have resisted these injustices, and how this struggle between reproductive oppression and resistance is critical to understanding the relevance of Black motherwork in intersectional theories in family science. I argue that applying a reproductive justice analysis to Black motherwork involves three key components: (a) the right to identify and engage with Black motherwork; (b) the right of empowerment to disengage (further) with Black motherwork; and (c) the right to perform Black motherwork in safe and survivable environments. This paper emphasizes that infringements on Black women's reproductive liberties happen beyond the site of the body. They expand into their homes, their neighborhoods, and even their educational spaces.
Prophylactic tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss in pregnant females undergoing cesarean section: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al Naimi Ammar , Ma Haobo , Pearl Abarna , Yungtum Greg , Rangasamy Valluvan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to assess the efficacy of prophylactic tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss after cesarean section (CS).MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed and Embase for randomized controlled trials published between 1990 and 2023 to conduct a meta‐analysis on adult women undergoing CS and receiving prophylactic TXA.ResultsTwenty‐four trials, comprising 19 584 participants, were included. Most studies included women with healthy, full‐term, singleton pregnancies. The pooled estimate showed a reduction in mean blood loss in the TXA arm with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −1.50 (−2.03, −0.98: p < 0.001). There was a high level of heterogeneity (I2 98.86%). A subgroup analysis demonstrated no statistical difference in the effect of TXA on blood loss at 2 h of follow‐up with SMD of −2.24 (−3.23, −1.35) compared to −1.07 (−1.56, −0.58) and −1.10 (−2.62, −0.42) at 24 and 48 h, respectively (p = 0.11). The effect of TXA on blood loss was smaller in high‐income countries with SMD −0.24 (−0.44, −0.04) (I2 63%) than in low‐/middle‐income countries −1.78 (−2.35, −1.21) with I2 98%. Only three studies had low risk of bias and the effect of TXA from two of them was SMD −0.31 (−0.54, −0.09) (I2 0%).ConclusionsDespite the apparent beneficial effect of TXA in reducing blood loss after CS for women with uncomplicated term pregnancies, heterogeneity remains a serious concern. The current body of knowledge consists predominantly of small, likely biased studies, and large unbiased studies show only limited effects of prophylactic TXA.
Sexual reproductive health and rights awareness among members of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Fukuhara Rie , Yokoyama Yoshihito , Kakogawa Jun , Koide Keiko , Song Mihyon , Tanabe Kyoko , Tsushima Ruriko , Makino Shintaro , Hasuo Yutaka , Ogita Kazuhide , Unno Nobuya , Kato Kiyoko , Kimura Tadashi ,   Reproductive Health Promotion Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the level of awareness of sexual reproductive health and rights (SRHR) among the members of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) and identify what the JSOG should do to address SRHR issues.MethodsA survey questionnaire on JSOG members' awareness of SRHR and what the JSOG should address regarding SRHR was administered in 2019 and 2023. Changes in awareness and the issues that should be addressed from the first to the second survey were evaluated.ResultsSeven hundred twelve members responded to the first survey and 506 to the second. Response rates were 4.2% and 2.9%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the number of respondents in the second survey who were aware of sexual reproductive health (SRH) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) compared with the first survey (SRH: 72.6%–86.4%; SDGs: 33.8%–86.4%). Most respondents agreed that SRHR should be promoted. In the first survey, cervical cancer was the most important issue, followed by women's right to self‐determination and family planning/contraception. In the second survey, women's right to self‐determination was the most important issue. Several free responses highlighted the importance of comprehensive sexuality education as a significant concern for SRHR.ConclusionBetween 2019 and 2023, the level of awareness of SRHR among JSOG members increased. The identification of SRHR issues that should be addressed by the JSOG was confirmed. The JSOG and individual obstetricians and gynecologists are responsible for being involved in achieving SRHR.
Development of the Japanese Version of the Original and Short Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Asano Kenichi , Barnes Kristian , Burt Katharine , Liu Gillian , Lieu Jenai , Ohshima Remi , Edwards Ann‐Marie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWork motivation is important with regard to many organizational outcomes, including employee mental health and productivity. The Japanese workforce suffers from low levels of work motivation, associated with poor mental health and compromised productivity. One established measure of work motivation is the Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS), based on the Self‐Determination Theory (SDT). However, the Japanese version of WEIMS (JWEIMS) has yet to be developed. Likewise, the Japanese version of the short form WEIMS (SWEIMS) does not exist, either (JSWEIMS). This study aimed to validate JWEIMS and JSWEIMS. Japanese employees (n = 165) responded to JWEIMS, and the data were analyzed through a minimum average partial, parallel analysis, and exploratory factor analysis with the internal consistencies identified. Both JWEIMS and JSWEIMS demonstrated a three‐factor structure. Internal consistencies were high. In both versions, more intrinsic types of motivation were categorized as one factor. JWEIMS and JSWEIMS are the only work motivation scales established on SDT in Japanese. The factor structure difference from the original scales highlights the collectivistic and success‐driven nature of Japanese culture, relative to Canadian and UK cultures.
Dynamic pattern of postprandial bile acids in paediatric non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Huang Jiating , Lin Hu , Liu A‐Na , Wu Wei , Alisi Anna , Loomba Rohit , Xu Cuifang , Xiang Wenqin , Shao Jie , Dong Guanping , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Fu Junfen , Ni Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of bile acids (BAs), as important signalling molecules in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, contributes to the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, static BA profiles during fasting may obscure certain pathogenetic aspects. In this study, we investigate the dynamic alterations of BAs in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) among children with NAFLD.MethodsWe recruited 230 subjects, including children with overweight/obesity, or complicated with NAFLD, and healthy controls. Serum BAs, 7‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (C4) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) were quantified during OGTT. Clinical markers related to liver function, lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism were assessed at baseline or during OGTT.FindingsConjugated BAs increased while unconjugated ones decreased after glucose uptake. Most BAs were blunted in response to glucose in NAFLD (p > .05); only glycine and taurine‐conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and cholic acid (CA) were responsive (p < .05). Primary BAs were significantly increased while secondary BAs were decreased in NAFLD. C4 and FGF19 were significantly increased while their ratio FGF19/C4 ratio was decreased in NAFLD. The dynamic pattern of CDCA and taurine‐conjugated hyocholic acid (THCA) species was closely correlated with glucose (correlation coefficient r = .175 and −.233, p < .05), insulin (r = .327 and −.236, p < .05) and c‐peptide (r = .318 and −.238, p < .05). Among which, CDCA was positively associated with liver fat content in NAFLD (r = .438, p < .05). Additionally, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), CDCA and THCA were potential biomarkers to discriminate paediatric NAFLD from healthy controls and children with obesity.InterpretationThis study provides novel insights into the dynamics of BAs during OGTT in paediatric NAFLD. The observed variations in CDCA and HCA species were associated with liver dysfunction, dyslipidaemia and dysglycaemia, highlighting their potential roles as promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets in NAFLD.
Dietary diversity and associated factors among households and children in internally displaced person camps in Southern Somalia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ali Mohamed K. , Berglund Lars , Flacking Renée , Sulaiman Munshi , Osman Fatumo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to assess household and child dietary diversity in Southern Somalia by identifying determinants of adequate dietary diversity in three internally displaced person (IDP) camps in Baidoa, Dayniile and Dharkanley. A total of 1655 female main caregivers with 2370 children (6–59 months old) were included. Data on household dietary diversity score and child dietary diversity score indicators were collected from all households. The questionnaire was read face‐to‐face to the female main caregivers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with adequate dietary diversity, which was defined as the consumption of at least four food groups within 24 h before the survey. The proportion of households achieving adequate HDDS was high in all locations 95.8%, 96.9% and 89.0% in Baidoa, Dharkanley and Dayniile, respectively, and the total adequate household dietary diversity score (AHDDS) was 95.6%. The proportion of adequate child dietary diversity score (ACDDS) was achieved in 63.5%, 8.5% and 38.3%. The main factors associated with AHDDS were larger household size, greater wealth, attendance of antenatal care (ANC) and joint decision‐making between husband and wife, while factors associated with ACDDS included ANC attendance, age, the consumption of ready‐to‐use therapeutic food and deworming tablets. These findings can guide future programmes and policies aimed at improving maternal and child nutrition in IDP camps in Somalia. By tackling these diverse factors, a promising pathway emerges to enhance the nutritional welfare of both households and children in IDP camps.
Host range of a parasitoid wasp is linked to host susceptibility to its mutualistic viral symbiont
Authors: Coffman K. A. , Kauwe A. N. , Gillette N. E. , Burke G. R. , Geib S. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractParasitoid wasps are one of the most species‐rich groups of animals on Earth, due to their ability to successfully develop as parasites of nearly all types of insects. Unlike most known parasitoid wasps that specialize towards one or a few host species, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata is a generalist that can survive within multiple genera of tephritid fruit fly hosts, including many globally important pest species. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata has therefore been widely released to suppress pest populations as part of biological control efforts in tropical and subtropical agricultural ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the role of a mutualistic poxvirus in shaping the host range of D. longicaudata across three genera of agricultural pest species: two of which are permissive hosts for D. longicaudata parasitism and one that is a nonpermissive host. We found that permissive hosts Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera dorsalis were highly susceptible to manual virus injection, displaying rapid virus replication and abundant fly mortality. However, the nonpermissive host Zeugodacus cucurbitae largely overcame virus infection, exhibiting substantially lower mortality and no virus replication. Investigation of transcriptional dynamics during virus infection demonstrated hindered viral gene expression and limited changes in fly gene expression within the nonpermissive host compared with the permissive species, indicating that the host range of the viral symbiont may influence the host range of D. longicaudata wasps. These findings also reveal that viral symbiont activity may be a major contributor to the success of D. longicaudata as a generalist parasitoid species and a globally successful biological control agent.