bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing a Low‐Head Dam Fatality Database and Internet Information Portal
Authors: Kern Edward W. , Hotchkiss Rollin H. , Ames Daniel P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLow‐head dams can cause dangerous currents near the downstream face of the structure. Fatalities at low‐head dams with such currents, often referred to as “drowning machines,” are poorly documented. This technical note presents a new database of fatalities at low‐head dams in the United States together with an interactive map and web‐based user interface. The primary purpose of the system is to raise awareness, generate interest, and educate the general public and decision makers regarding these dangerous structures and the need for remediation. The database was designed as a normalized relational database of event dates, severity, location, reporter, and other circumstances. The open‐access user interface allows the general public to browse fatal incidents by geographic location and to read incident circumstances. The system allows submission of new contributions from users including all metadata needed to characterize the incident. The database is structured to include documentation verifying each entry. The site can be viewed at http://dams.byu.edu/.
Congenital microtia in a neonate due to maternal isotretinoin exposure 1 month before pregnancy: Case Report
Authors: Shirazi Mahboobeh , Abbariki Ezzat , Pirjani Reihaneh , Akhavan Setareh , Dastgerdy Ebrahim 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIsotretinoin is a drug used for treating severe cystic/nodular acne. Severe malformations have been documented in neonates whose mothers had taken isotretinoin during pregnancy. Women who became pregnant one cycle after completing therapy are believed to be at teratogenic risk not higher than baseline. We describe the case of a newborn whose mother had taken the drug for 4 weeks. The woman then had contraception for 4 weeks (after the drug treatment had finished), and became pregnant after that period. The newborn had isolated bilateral microtia due to suspected isotretinoin exposure. His mother also had a history of urine tract infection in the second week of pregnancy that was treated with cephalexin. The parents were not from a consanguineous marriage and had no family history of congenital malformations. To reduce the risk, effective contraception should be continued in fertile women more than 1 month after completing therapy.
Symptom score change and patient versus doctor satisfaction in overactive bladder before and after anti‐muscarinic treatment
Authors: Bunyavejchevin Suvit 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimsTo evaluate voiding symptoms and questionnaire score change before and after anti‐muscarinic treatment and evaluate the correlation of agreement in patient and doctor satisfaction after treatment.MethodsForty women newly diagnosed with overactive bladder (OAB), attending the urogynecology clinic at Chulalongkorn Hospital during April–June 2011 were recruited. Tolterodine 4 mg orally once daily was given for 4 weeks. A voiding diary and Thai version of the OAB questionnaires eight‐item Overactive Bladder awareness tool (OAB‐v8), Overactive Bladder Symptoms Score (OABSS) and Overactive Bladder QOL (OABq) were completed before and at the end of treatment. At the end of the trial, self‐report patient satisfaction, and doctor satisfaction (according to symptom improvement in the voiding diary) were assessed. Student's t‐test and weighted kappa coefficients were used in statistical analysis. Sample size was calculated from an OAB questionnaire pilot study with 20% addition for loss to follow up.ResultsAll voiding parameters and questionnaire scores (OAB‐v8, OABSS and OABq) were improved after treatment. Weighted kappa was only 0.06, between doctor and patient satisfaction.ConclusionOAB‐v8 and OABSS questionnaires can be used as screening and follow‐up tools. There is poor agreement between patient and doctor satisfaction. Satisfaction should therefore be measured from the patient's perspective.
Blind vaginal fetal fibronectin swab for prediction of preterm birth
Authors: Farag Amr H. , Mohammed Magdeldin M. , Ellaithy Mohamed I. , Salama Hossameldin A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the accuracy of blind vaginal swab in diagnosis of preterm labor (PTL) and prediction of subsequent occurrence of preterm birth (PTB).MethodsEligible women who presented at 24–34 weeks of gestation with threatened PTL had their cervicovaginal secretions sequentially sampled for fetal fibronectin (fFN) using two types of swabbing techniques. The first swab was a blind vaginal swab collected without the aid of speculum, while the second one was a routine cervicovaginal swab. All participants were followed up until delivery.ResultsfFN in both swabs was significantly higher in women who delivered before term compared with women who delivered at term. On regression analysis, r2 = 0.735 and 0.785 for blind vaginal and cervicovaginal swabs respectively, while on receiver operating characteristic analysis the area under curve was 0.965 and 0.977, respectively, without a statistically significant difference. Using an fFN cut‐off of ≥0.05 μg/dL, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of blind vaginal swab to predict PTB were 53.9%, 91.9%, 70.0% and 85.0%, respectively; while those for cervicovaginal swab were 58.3%, 94.7%, 77.8% and 87.8%, respectively.ConclusionsIn women presenting at 24–34 weeks of gestation with threatened PTL, blind vaginal fFN swab is as effective as cervicovaginal swab to predict PTB, but it is easier to perform and does not require doctor supervision.
Case of early postoperative adhesion in a patient with molimina due to transverse vaginal septum concomitant with imperforate hymen
Authors: Koyama‐Sato Makiko , Hashida Osamu , Nakamura Tomomi , Hirahara Fumiki , Sakakibara Hideya 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTransverse vaginal septum is a residual vaginal plate composed of the Müllerian duct and urogenital sinus. Imperforate hymen results from failure of perforation of the membrane between the urogenital sinus and vaginal cavity. We report a rare case of concurrence of these two conditions. A 16‐year‐old girl had been treated with puncture several times for hematometra and hematocolpos from 13 years of age because of monthly occurrence of lower abdominal pain without menstrual bleeding and was referred to our hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated hematometra, hematocolpos and expansion of the vaginal fornix. The imperforate hymen was incised and a slight adhesion at the lower vaginal cavity was detached. After that, a complete transverse vaginal septum, which was 5 mm thick, was identified. It was excised after ultrasonography‐guided puncture. Although two cycles of menstrual bleeding took place, molimina recurred. Re‐operation was performed 6 months after the first operation, and recurrence of adhesion in the lower vaginal cavity was identified. A silicon dilator was inserted, but she could not use it at home and instead used a tampon. Cyclic menstrual bleeding is observed 4 months after the second operation.
Neuraxial blockade for external cephalic version: Cost analysis
Authors: Yamasato Kelly , Kaneshiro Bliss , Salcedo Jennifer 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimNeuraxial blockade (epidural or spinal anesthesia/analgesia) with external cephalic version increases the external cephalic version success rate. Hospitals and insurers may affect access to neuraxial blockade for external cephalic version, but the costs to these institutions remain largely unstudied. The objective of this study was to perform a cost analysis of neuraxial blockade use during external cephalic version from hospital and insurance payer perspectives. Secondarily, we estimated the effect of neuraxial blockade on cesarean delivery rates.MethodsA decision–analysis model was developed using costs and probabilities occurring prenatally through the delivery hospital admission. Model inputs were derived from the literature, national databases, and local supply costs. Univariate and bivariate sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess model robustness.ResultsNeuraxial blockade was cost saving to both hospitals ($30 per delivery) and insurers ($539 per delivery) using baseline estimates. From both perspectives, however, the model was sensitive to multiple variables. Monte Carlo simulation indicated neuraxial blockade to be more costly in approximately 50% of scenarios. The model demonstrated that routine use of neuraxial blockade during external cephalic version, compared to no neuraxial blockade, prevented 17 cesarean deliveries for every 100 external cephalic versions attempted.ConclusionsNeuraxial blockade is associated with minimal hospital and insurer cost changes in the setting of external cephalic version, while reducing the cesarean delivery rate.
Adverse airway events in parturient compared with non‐parturient patients. Is there a difference? Results from a quality management project
Authors: Heinrich Sebastian , Irouschek Andrea , Prottengeier Johannes , Ackermann Andreas , Schmidt Joachim 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe fear of airway problems often leads to prolonged attempts to obtain neuroaxial (spinal anesthesia or epidural anesthesia) anesthesia in obstetric anesthesia. The aim of this institutional quality management study was to revisit existing anesthesia care in the obstetric department, focusing on the frequency of delayed or failed neuroaxial anesthesia as well as the risk of airway problems in parturient and non‐obstetric patients.MethodsThe clinical records from 8 consecutive years (2005–2013) were analyzed retrospectively. Cases of cesarean delivery with general anesthesia were analyzed and compared with an age‐matched group of female patients undergoing non‐obstetric abdominal or gynecological surgery with rapid sequence induction. Poor laryngeal visualization (Cormack–Lehane grade III or IV) and failed intubation were recorded.ResultsThe records of 6393 cesarean deliveries including 851 with general anesthesia were analyzed. In 175 cases insufficient or delayed onset of regional anesthesia led to requirement for general anesthesia. The rate of poor laryngoscopic view in parturient women undergoing cesarean delivery was 14/851, and 4/814 in the reference group (P = 0.023). Failed intubation occurred in three patients undergoing cesarean delivery (0.4%) and in one non‐obstetric patient (0.1%; P = 0.339).ConclusionThe rate of failed intubations in patients undergoing cesarean delivery may be equivalent to non‐obstetric patients. In time‐challenging cesarean deliveries, delay of conversion from non‐successful neuroaxial anesthesia to general anesthesia in order to avoid adverse airway events does not appear to be justified.
Effect of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy on risk of obstetric interventions
Authors: Bayrampour Hamideh , Salmon Charleen , Vinturache Angela , Tough Suzanne 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe effect of prenatal mental health on the risk of obstetric interventions is unclear. The present study examined the associations between depressive and anxiety symptoms in the second and third trimesters and mode of delivery, epidural use and labor induction in a large community‐based pregnancy cohort, in Alberta, Canada.Material and MethodsWomen who had singleton pregnancies, delivered in hospital, and had medical data were selected (n = 2825). Obstetric intervention data were obtained from the medical records, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. Data were evaluated with multivariate multinomial and logistic regression analyses using a hierarchical modeling.ResultsAfter accounting for factors known to increase the risk of each intervention, including demographic variables, smoking, hospital site, gestational age, previous history of cesarean delivery, prepregnancy body mass index, assisted conception, and antepartum risk score, the only mental health variable associated with obstetric interventions was depressive symptoms in the third trimester, which increased the risk of emergency cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–3.29). No associations were found between antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms and other obstetric interventions.ConclusionThe present findings support an association between depressive symptoms and adverse obstetric outcomes and suggest that anxiety and depression may have different effects on obstetric outcomes. Understanding the mechanism in which depression increases the risk of emergency cesarean birth needs further research.
Prevalence of conditions causing chronic anovulation and the proposed algorithm for anovulation evaluation
Authors: Chandeying Pitch , Pantasri Tawiwan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThis study investigated the prevalence of disease‐causing chronic anovulation and proposes a logical investigation flowchart to facilitate diagnosis in women presenting with chronic anovulation.Material and MethodsThe cross‐sectional retrospective study was performed using 293 reproductive‐aged women who were diagnosed with chronic anovulation at the Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University between January 2008 and December 2012. The demographic data, laboratory investigations and diagnoses were collected.ResultsAmong 293 patients recruited into the study, the common causes of anovulation were polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (73.4%), prolactin disorder (13.3%) and unexplained chronic anovulation (7.5%). The less common causes were thyroid disorders, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal tumors and Cushing's disease. There was a strong positive association between the levels of 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and/or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with the levels of testosterone and androstenedione. The sensitivity and specificity of serum luteinizing hormone to accurately diagnose PCOS were 29.38% and 55.56% (P = 0.03). The luteinizing hormone/follicle‐stimulating hormone ratio ≥ 3 had a sensitivity and specificity at 18.56% and 92.86% (P = 0.03) for PCOS diagnosis.ConclusionSerum androstenedione, testosterone, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, prolactin levels and pelvic ultrasonography should be included in the initial investigations for anovulation. The 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels can be used for secondary anovulation evaluations.
Father Involvement and Childhood Injuries
Authors: Nepomnyaschy Lenna , Donnelly Louis 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnintentional injury is the leading cause of death for children in the United States. Parental supervision is a key factor in preventing injuries, but little is known about the role of fathers. Today, one quarter of children live with a single mother, and another third live with a mother and her new partner, resulting in tremendous diversity in the amount and type of paternal involvement in children's lives. The authors examined the effects of involvement by resident biological, nonresident biological, and resident social fathers on the risk of injury among children from birth to age 5 using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,352). They found that living with a social father and social fathers' more frequent engagement with children increase risk of injury, but only for the youngest children. Higher levels of fathers' cooperative parenting reduce children's risk of injury regardless of fathers' biological or residential status.
Effect of Low‐Income Unmarried Fathers' Presence at Birth on Involvement
Authors: Bellamy Jennifer L. , Thullen Matthew , Hans Sydney 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe birth of a child represents a unique window of opportunity to understand and support ongoing father involvement among low‐income unmarried parents. Using data collected as part of a randomized controlled trial of a community‐based home visiting intervention provided to 248 low‐income African American women, a propensity score matching approach was used to estimate the effect of fathers' presence at birth on multiple measures of later father involvement over the first 2 years postpartum. The results indicated that participation in child care activities is the only form of involvement predicted by presence at birth at 4 months, and none of the forms of father involvement measured were predicted at 12 months; however, presence at birth was predictive of all 7 indicators of involvement at 24 months. Engaging fathers in the birth experience may represent an important opportunity to provide services.
Endoscopic evaluation of food bolus formation and its relationship with the number of chewing cycles
Authors: Fukatsu H. , Nohara K. , Kotani Y. , Tanaka N. , Matsuno K. , Sakai T. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIt is known that solid food is transported to the pharynx actively in parallel to it being crushed by chewing and mixed with saliva in the oral cavity. Therefore, food bolus formation should be considered to take place from the oral cavity to the pharynx. In previous studies, the chewed food was evaluated after the food had been removed from the oral cavity. However, it has been pointed out that spitting food out of the oral cavity interferes with natural food bolus formation. Therefore, we observed food boluses immediately before swallowing using an endoscope to establish a method to evaluate the food bolus‐forming function, and simultaneously performed endoscopic evaluation of food bolus formation and its relationship with the number of chewing cycles. The subject was inserted the endoscope nasally and instructed to eat two coloured samples of boiled rice simultaneously in two ingestion conditions (‘as usual’ and ‘chewing well’). The condition of the food bolus was graded into three categories for each item of grinding, mixing and aggregation and scored 2, 1 and 0. The score of aggregation was high under both ingestion conditions. The scores of grinding and mixing tended to be higher in subjects with a high number of chewing cycles, and the score of aggregation was high regardless of the number of chewing cycles. It was suggested that food has to be aggregated, even though the number of chewing cycles is low and the food is not ground or mixed for a food bolus to reach the swallowing threshold.
Study of pharmacokinetics of an in situ forming gel system for controlled delivery of florfenicol in pigs
Authors: Geng Z.‐X. , Li H.‐M. , Tian J. , Liu T.‐F. , Yu Z.‐G. 
Published: March 2015

To reduce florfenicol (FFC) administration frequency in veterinary use, the drug was currently developed into in situ forming gel. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups (six pigs per group). A single i.m. dose of 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given to pigs, group one was given FFC in situ forming gel, and group two was given FFC conventional injection. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine FFC plasma concentrations. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between FFC in situ forming gel and conventional injection, in pharmacokinetic parameters MRT (mean retention time) (57.79 ± 2.88) h versus (15.94 ± 1.29) h, AUC (area under the concentration–time curve) (421.54 ± 8.97) μg·h/mL versus (168.16 ± 4.59) μg·h/mL, tmax (time of occurrence of cmax) (9.00 ± 2.68) h versus (4.33 ± 0.82) h, cmax (maximum plasma concentration) (6.87 ± 0.66) μg/mL versus (12.01 ± 0.66) μg/mL, t1/2λz (terminal elimination half‐life) (38.04 ± 2.20) h versus (9.15 ± 2.71) h. The results demonstrated that the in situ forming gel system could shorten dosing interval of FFC and thus achieved less frequent administration during long‐term treatment.
Mutant prevention concentration, pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic integration, and modeling of enrofloxacin data established in diseased buffalo calves
Authors: Ramalingam B. , Sidhu P. K. , Kaur G. , Venkatachalam D. , Rampal S. 
Published: March 2015

The pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling of enrofloxacin data using mutant prevention concentration (MPC) of enrofloxacin was conducted in febrile buffalo calves to optimize dosage regimen and to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The serum peak concentration (Cmax), terminal half‐life (t1/2K10), apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)/F), and mean residence time (MRT) of enrofloxacin were 1.40 ± 0.27 μg/mL, 7.96 ± 0.86 h, 7.74 ± 1.26 L/kg, and 11.57 ± 1.01 h, respectively, following drug administration at dosage 12 mg/kg by intramuscular route. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration, and MPC of enrofloxacin against Pasteurella multocida were 0.055, 0.060, and 1.45 μg/mL, respectively. Modeling of ex vivo growth inhibition data to the sigmoid Emax equation provided AUC24 h/MIC values to produce effects of bacteriostatic (33 h), bactericidal (39 h), and bacterial eradication (41 h). The estimated daily dosage of enrofloxacin in febrile buffalo calves was 3.5 and 8.4 mg/kg against P. multocida/pathogens having MIC90 ≤0.125 and 0.30 μg/mL, respectively, based on the determined AUC24 h/MIC values by modeling PK/PD data. The lipopolysaccharide‐induced fever had no direct effect on the antibacterial activity of the enrofloxacin and alterations in PK of the drug, and its metabolite will be beneficial for its use to treat infectious diseases caused by sensitive pathogens in buffalo species. In addition, in vitro MPC data in conjunction with in vivo PK data indicated that clinically it would be easier to eradicate less susceptible strains of P. multocida in diseased calves.
Expression of the glycolytic enzymes enolase and lactate dehydrogenase during the early phase of Toxoplasma differentiation is regulated by an intron retention mechanism
Authors: Lunghi Matteo , Galizi Roberto , Magini Alessandro , Carruthers Vern B. , Di Cristina Manlio 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii converts from a rapidly replicating tachyzoite form during acute infection to a quiescent encysted bradyzoite stage that persists inside long‐lived cells during chronic infection. Bradyzoites adopt reduced metabolism and slow replication while waiting for an opportunity to recrudesce the infection within the host. Interconversion between these two developmental stages is characterized by expression of glycolytic isoenzymes that play key roles in parasite metabolism. The parasite genome encodes two isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH1 and LDH2) and enolase (ENO1 and ENO2) that are expressed in a stage‐specific manner. Expression of different isoforms of these enzymes allows T. gondii to rapidly adapt to diverse metabolic requirements necessary for either a rapid replication of the tachyzoite stage or a quiescent lifestyle typical of the bradyzoites. Herein we identified unspliced forms of LDH and ENO transcripts produced during transition between these two parasite stages suggestive of an intron retention mechanism to promptly exchange glycolytic isoforms for rapid adaptation to environmental changes. We also identified key regulatory elements in the ENO transcription units, revealing cooperation between the ENO2 5′‐untranslated region and the ENO2 intron, along with identifying a role for the ENO1 3′‐untranslated region in stage‐specific expression.