bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonics meets excitonics: natural and artificial molecular aggregates
Authors: Saikin Semion K. , Eisfeld Alexander , Valleau Stéphanie , Aspuru-Guzik Alán 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOrganic molecules store the energy of absorbed light in the form of charge-neutral molecular excitations – Frenkel excitons. Usually, in amorphous organic materials, excitons are viewed as quasiparticles, localized on single molecules, which diffuse randomly through the structure. However, the picture of incoherent hopping is not applicable to some classes of molecular aggregates – assemblies of molecules that have strong near-field interaction between electronic excitations in the individual subunits. Molecular aggregates can be found in nature, in photosynthetic complexes of plants and bacteria, and they can also be produced artificially in various forms including quasi-one dimensional chains, two-dimensional films, tubes, etc. In these structures light is absorbed collectively by many molecules and the following dynamics of molecular excitation possesses coherent properties. This energy transfer mechanism, mediated by the coherent exciton dynamics, resembles the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a structured medium on the nanometer scale. The absorbed energy can be transferred resonantly over distances of hundreds of nanometers before exciton relaxation occurs. Furthermore, the spatial and energetic landscape of molecular aggregates can enable the funneling of the exciton energy to a small number of molecules either within or outside the aggregate. In this review we establish a bridge between the fields of photonics and excitonics by describing the present understanding of exciton dynamics in molecular aggregates.
Ultracompact vanadium dioxide dual-mode plasmonic waveguide electroabsorption modulator
Authors: Ooi Kelvin J.A. , Bai Ping , Chu Hong Son , Ang Lay Kee 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSubwavelength modulators play an indispensable role in integrated photonic-electronic circuits. Due to weak light-matter interactions, it is always a challenge to develop a modulator with a nanometer scale footprint, low switching energy, low insertion loss and large modulation depth. In this paper, we propose the design of a vanadium dioxide dual-mode plasmonic waveguide electroabsorption modulator using a metal-insulator-VO2-insulator-metal (MIVIM) waveguide platform. By varying the index of vanadium dioxide, the modulator can route plasmonic waves through the low-loss dielectric insulator layer during the “on” state and high-loss VO2 layer during the “off” state, thereby significantly reducing the insertion loss while maintaining a large modulation depth. This ultracompact waveguide modulator, for example, can achieve a large modulation depth of ~10 dB with an active size of only 200×50×220 nm3 (or ~λ3/1700), requiring a drive-voltage of ~4.6 V. This high performance plasmonic modulator could potentially be one of the keys towards fully-integrated plasmonic nanocircuits in the next-generation chip technology.
High Partial Compression of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Diluted in 2,6-Dimethylpyridine+Water Solvent
Authors: Marczak Wojciech , Serwicka Kamila , Pikuła Joanna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Phase properties, molar volumes, isentropic compressions and isobaric thermal expansions of the system 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C4mim][Tf2N]+2,6-dimethylpyridine+ water were studied and interpreted in terms of molecular interactions. The solvation of [C4mim][Tf2N] diluted in the binary solvent consists most probably in the accommodation of the ions between pyridine rings of the hydrogen-bonded hydrates of 2,6-dimethylpyridine (C7H9N...H–OH)
n
. Cations and anions are located in the neighbouring voids forming ionic pairs. That process is dependent on the electric permittivity of the solvent, The higher is the permittivity, i.e. the lower is the concentration of 2,6-dimethylpyridine, the larger are limiting partial compression and volumes of [C4mim][Tf2N] due to weakened Coulomb forces that act between ions. That leads to gradual decay of the ion pairs. The effect on compression is particularly pronounced, while that on volume is small, but evident. Solvation of ions causes that the limiting partial expansion of [C4mim][Tf2N] is equal to zero or at least close to that value. With increasing concentration of the ionic liquid, the solvation shells undergo disruption that leads to the phase separation.
Modeling of Dopant Defect Interactions
Authors: Camarce C. , Radic L. , Keys P. , Brindos R. , Jones K.S. , Law M. E. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a model for {311} defects based on in-situ experiments. The model fits the 311 dependence on silicon implant energy and doses. The surface dependence of the model is described in detail, and compared to previous literature data. New data is presented on the surface effect on {311} dissolution and the model is compared to that data. In addition, the model is also used to explain the effects of doping on {311} defect behavior. Doping does not influence the dissolution of {311} defects, but only influences their nucleation behavior.
Gettering by Overpressurized Bubbles Induced by High-Energy-He-Implantation In Silicon
Authors: Regula Gabrielle , Bouayadi Rachid El , Pichaud Bernard , Godey Sylvie , Delamare Romain , Ntsoenzok Esidor , Veen Anton Van 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSilicon samples were implanted with He ions at 1.6 MeV using doses ranging from 1×1016 cm-2 to 1×1017cm-2 with different fluxes (0.4νA/cm2 - 2.0νA/cm2) and annealed at high (1000°C) and low temperatures (800°C). The implantation induced-defect structure and their distribution in the depth of the sample were studied by cross section electron microscopy (XTEM). An unexpected consequence of the flux on the defect population and density was found solely for 2×1016 cm-2, which is the upper threshold to get nano-bubbles at such large implantation depth. Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) were performed to measure the ratio of He remaining in the bubbles as a function of time and temperature anneal. Some samples were gold or nickel diffused at temperatures ranging from 870°C to 1050°C prior to He implantation. The gettering efficiency of the implantation-induced defects was measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), after a high temperature getter annealing. SIMS profiles exhibit a shape and a width closely related to the presence of the defects (observed by XTEM) which are very efficient sinks for all kinds of metal impurities. The bubbles were found to be more efficient traps than the dislocation loops.
Trapping and Detrapping of H in Si: Impact on Diffusion Properties and Solar Cell Processing
Authors: Sopori Bhushan , Zhang Y. , Reedy R. , Jones K. , Ravindra N. M. , Rangan S. , Ashok S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInfluence of trapping and detrapping on the diffusion behavior of H in Si is investigated using both experiment and theory. Experimental H (or D) diffusion profiles, produced by plasma and ion implantation processes, are fitted with a theoretical model. This model includes three kinds of traps – stationary, process-induced, and mobile. Excellent correlation between theory and experiment is observed. Best–fit parameters provide an insight into the trapping mechanisms. We also show how some of the problems resulting from trapping can be circumvented by suitable process conditions.
Simulations of Dislocation Dynamics in Aluminum Interconnects
Authors: Nicola Lucia , Giessen Erik Van der , Needleman Alan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA discrete dislocation simulation of plastic deformation in metallic interconnects caused by thermal stress is carried out. The calculations are carried out using a two dimensional plane strain formulation with only edge dislocations. A boundary value problem is formulated and solved for the evolution of the thermal stress field and the evolution of the dislocation structure in the cross-section of the line as cooling proceeds. For lines with a small cross section (height or width less than 1 μm), the local concentration of stresses due to dislocation patterning strongly affects the overall stress build up and relaxation. The results show a clear dependence of the transverse stress development on the line aspect ratio.
Modeling the Diffusion-Controlled Growth of Needle and Plate-Shaped Precipitates
Authors: Guo Z. , Sha W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractVarious theories have been developed to describe the diffusion-controlled growth of precipitates with shapes approximating needles or plates. The most comprehensive one is due to Ivantsov, Horvay and Cahn, and Trivedi (HIT theory), where all the factors that may influence the precipitate growth, i.e. diffusion, interface kinetics and capillarity, are accounted for within one equation. However, HIT theory was developed based on assumptions that transformation strain/stress and interfacial free energy are isotropic, which are not true in most of the real systems. An improved growth theory of precipitates of needle and plate shapes was developed in the present study. A new concept, the compression ratio, was introduced to account for influences from the anisotropy of transformation strain/stress and interfacial free energy on the precipitate morphology. Experimental evidence supports such compression effect. Precipitate growth kinetics were quantified using this concept. The improved HIT theory (IHIT theory) was then applied to study the growth of Widmanstatten austenite in ferrite in Fe-C-Mn steels. The calculated results agree well with the experimental observations.
The Simulation of Copper Drift in SiO2 during Bias Temperature Stress (BTS) Test
Authors: Kwon Jang-Yeon , Kim Ki-Su , Joo Young-Chang , Kim Ki-Bum 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn order to develop a reliable interconnect integration scheme by using Cu in ultra large scale integrated devices (ULSI), the evolutions of the concentration profile of copper ions in SiO2 was simulated under bias temperature stress (BTS) test. Diffusion equation was solved numerically in two electric field modes. One is constant electric field mode where copper drift was simulated with the assumption that electric field is constant within SiO2 film. In variable electric field mode, simulation was carried out considering the variation of electric field in SiO2 due to copper ions. The diffusion of copper ions in variable electric field mode is slower than that in constant electric field mode, because copper ions in SiO2 reduce electric field near the interface between Cu and SiO2. Flatband voltage shift ) (ΔVFB increases parabolically as BTS time increases in constant electric field mode. However, it has linear relation with BTS time in variable electric field mode, which is typically observed in experiments.
Feasibility of contact aeration method for small-scale domestic wastewater treatment system in rural China
Authors: Kuyama T. , Mizuochi M. , Koyanagi H. , Wako T. 
Published: February 2013

This study examines the feasibility of the contact aeration method for utilisation in small-scale domestic wastewater treatment facilities in various rural areas of China, where the national government starts to address the water pollution issue. Three pilot facilities using the contact aeration method with different capacities were constructed, operated and monitored in Chongqing city and Jiangsu province. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the constructed facilities, the quality of treated wastewater and the operational cost were monitored.
Results obtained from the monitoring showed that BOD and COD effluent concentrations achieved quality targets in all facilities. As for the other pollutants, quality targets were met for most of the period. Operational costs of facilities bettered those set for the facility in the town of Baiyang and new village of Zhaojia, but exceeded them for the facility in the village of Dongbei. The main reasons for the differences were the electricity billing system and operational system for each facility.
In order to promote small-scale aeration-based domestic wastewater treatment plants in rural China in the future, the issue of what constitutes efficient facility maintenance first needs to be addressed.
Cesarean section in alpacas and llamas: 34 cases (1997–2010)
Authors: Miller Bret A. , Brounts Sabrina H. , Anderson David E. , Devine Elizabeth 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine indications for cesarean section in alpacas and llamas, and clinical management and outcome of alpacas and llamas undergoing cesarean section.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—27 alpacas and 7 llamas.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed and information gathered on signalment, anamnesis including reproductive history, physical examination findings, indication for cesarean section, anesthetic protocol, surgical technique, number of crias delivered (alive or dead), additional treatment, duration of hospitalization, and postoperative complications. Follow-up information was gathered via email or telephone interview with owners.
Results—Uterine torsion (13/34 [38%]) was the most common reason for cesarean section. The most common surgical approach was the left proximal lateral abdominal approach (21/34 [62%]). Thirty-four crias were delivered via cesarean section. Twenty (59%) were born alive and discharged from the hospital. Retained placenta was the most common complication observed after surgery. A significant association was found between prolonged dystocia and fetal death. Of the 34 dams that underwent cesarean section, 21 were rebred, and 19 of the 21 (90.5%) dams that were rebred became pregnant. Fifteen of 19 dams were confirmed to have ≥ 1 normal vaginal delivery with a live cria following cesarean section.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The results of the present study indicated that cesarean section was an effective method of resolving dystocia in camelids without negatively affecting future fertility or parturition by the dam. Prompt referral of patients with dystocia is advised to improve fetal viability. Retained fetal membranes seemed to be a common complication of cesarean section in camelids but was not associated with negative outcomes.
Impact of disinfectant-filled foot mats on mechanical transmission of bacteria in a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Hartmann Faye A. , Dusick Allison F. , Young Karen M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of disinfectant-filled foot mats at reducing tracking of Salmonella enterica and overall bacterial contamination on floors in a veterinary teaching hospital.
Design—Prospective study.
Samples—Bacteria collected from floors before and after placement of disinfectant-filled foot mats.
Procedures—Foot mats filled with a phenolic-based disinfectant were placed at key transition areas in common-use corridors between the large animal hospital (LAH) and small animal hospital in a veterinary medical teaching hospital. Microbiological samples were collected for total bacterial counts and for the presence of S enterica at 14 designated sample sites in the veterinary medical teaching hospital. Samples were collected at regular intervals for 7 months before mat placement and for 13 months after mat placement.
Results—Median numbers of aerobic bacteria isolated before and after disinfectant mat placement were not significantly different for most sites sampled. For 3 of the 4 transition areas between the LAH and connecting common-use corridor, there was a significant difference in median bacterial counts on either side of the threshold. This difference was significant regardless of whether a disinfectant mat was present or not. Salmonella enterica isolates were cultured from several sites in the LAH and sites outside the LAH, irrespective of the presence of a disinfectant mat.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Disinfectant-filled mats may not be uniformly effective in reducing the bacterial load on floors or in reducing mechanical tracking of S enterica from contaminated areas in a veterinary teaching hospital. Further studies are needed to determine effective measures to reduce mechanical transmission of bacteria on footwear in veterinary hospitals.
Measurement of Hydrophobicity Distribution in Proteins - Non-redundant Protein Data Bank
Authors: Sałapa Kinga , Kalinowska Barbara , Jadczyk Tomasz , Roterman Irena 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The cluster analysis is applied to the analysis of the data describing the status of protein structure in respect to hydrophobic core characteristics. The analysis revealed presence of two clusters distinguishing the proteins accordant with the “fuzzy oil drop” model and those which appear as discordant in respect to this model. The analysis was performed separately for chains treated as structural unit and for units defined according to IV-order (taking the functional protein complex). The characteristics of these two classification system appeared to differ in respect to number of proteins belonging to each of two clusters as well as relation between them.
Unavoidable decoherence in the quantum control of
an unknown state
Authors: Kielpinski D. , Briggs R.A. , Wiseman H.M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A common objective for quantum control is to force a quantum
system, initially in an unknown state, into a particular target
subspace. We show that if the subspace is required to be a
decoherence-free subspace of dimension greater than 1, then
such control must be decoherent. That is, it will take almost
any pure state to a mixed state. We make no assumptions
about the control mechanism, but our result implies that for
this purpose coherent control offers no advantage, in principle,
over the obvious measurement-based feedback protocol.
The notion of intuitionistic fuzzy IC-bags
Authors: Chakrabarty Kankana 
Published: February 2013

Abstract. This paper presents an overview of the existing notions of Bags, Fuzzy Bags, IC-Bags, IF-Bags and Fuzzy IC-Bags. Based on these notions, the concept of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Bags with Interval Counts (Intuitionistic fuzzy IC-Bags) is proposed. Further, some characteristics of Intuitionistic fuzzy IC-Bags are studied, and some examples are furnished in this context.
Minimizing total tardiness in no-wait flowshops
Authors: Aldowaisan Tariq , Allahverdi Ali 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe address the m-machine no-wait flowshop scheduling problem; where the objective is to minimize total tardiness. To the best of our knowledge, the considered problem has not been addressed so far. We propose heuristic solutions since the problem is NP-hard. Initially, we consider a number of dispatching rules commonly used for the considered objective in other scheduling environments. We identify through computational experiments the best performing dispatching rule; and then propose simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithms (GA) by using the best performing dispatching rule as an initial solution. This achieves at least 50% improvement in the SA and GA performances. Next, we propose enhanced versions of SA and GA and show through computational experiments that the enhanced versions provide over 90% further improvement. The performance of enhanced GA is slightly better than that of enhanced SA; however, the computation time of enhanced GA is about 10 times that of enhanced SA. Therefore, we conclude that the enhanced SA outperforms the enhanced GA.
Beautiful Scars: Jewels in English Renaissance Drama
Authors: Hopkins Lisa 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn An Englis[h[ expositor[:] teaching the in[ter]pretation of the harde[st] words [vsed] in our language, John Bullokar notes that the word carbuncle ‘hath two significations, namely a precious stone, and a dangerous sore’.(sig. D2r) Generally speaking Renaissance texts keep these two meanings separate: in ways which are inevitably conditioned by the nature of their subject matter, Renaissance authors tend to be interested in exploring either the idea of carbuncle as jewel or the idea of carbuncle as tumour without ever registering the possibility of the alternative meeting for the word. Nevertheless the ambiguity is there: a jewel, a thing of beauty intended for the adornment of the body, is also in some sense potentially a disfiguring mark, a scar on the body marking the site of a trauma. In A Cyborg Manifesto, Donna Haraway asks “Why should our bodies end at the skin?” (online); in this essay, I shall argue that as far as Renaissance jewels are concerned, bodies do not in fact end at the skin, for jewels mark not the end of the body but an edge, a hinge between body and mind as much as between body and dress, in ways which activate fears about permeability, boundary blurring and the monstrous. One of the rare instances of evoking both senses of carbuncle comes in The Comedy of Errors, where Dromio of Syracuse, having defined the kitchen-maid Nell as “spherical, like a globe”, says that “America, the Indies” are located in her nose, because it is ‘all o’er embellished with rubies, carbuncles, sapphires, declining their rich aspect to the hot breath of Spain’ (III.ii.120, 140-3). To varying extent, the horror of the gross, the extreme and the unnatural which is implicit here can be seen as potentially lurking in all Renaissance descriptions of jewellery.
Ansprechen auf eine Docetaxel-therapie im LNCaP-Prostata-karzinom-Xenograft-Mausmodell
Authors: Souvatzoglou M. , Schuster T. , Nawroth R. , Weirich G. , Treiber U. , Wester H.-J. , Ziegler S. , Schwaiger M. , Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R. , Schwarzenböck S. , Sachs D. , Krause B. J. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine whether [11C]choline can be used for docetaxel therapy response assessment in a LNCaPprostate cancer xenograft mouse model using [11C]choline small-animal PET/CT. Animals, methods: The androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was implanted subcutaneously into the left flanks of 17 SCID-mice, 12.5 mg testosterone platelets were implanted in the neck wrinkle. All mice were injected 4–6 weeks after xenograft implantation with 37 MBq [11C]choline via the tail vein. Dynamic imaging was performed for 60 minutes with a small-animal PET/CT scanner. After the first [11C]choline PET/CT imaging 8 mice were subsequently injected intravenously with docetaxel twice (days 1 and 5) at a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight. 8 mice were treated with PBS as a control. [11C]choline PET/CT imaging was performed on day 7, 14 and 21 after treatment. Image analysis was performed using tumor/ muscle (T/M) ratios (ROIT/ROIM = T/M ratio). Results: All LNCaP tumours could be visualized by [11C]choline PET/CT. Before treatment the mean T/M ratio was 2.0 ± 0.2 in the docetaxel-treated group and 1.9 ± 0.2 in the control group (p = 0.837). There was a reduction in the mean [11C]choline uptake after docetaxel treatment of the tumours of the LNCaP cell line as early as 1 week after initiation of therapy (T/Mmean ratio 1.5 ± 0.2 after one week, 1.3 ± 0.2 after 2 weeks and 1.4 ± 0.2 after 3 weeks). There was no decrease in [11C]choline uptake in the control group. Conclusion: Our results show that [11C]choline has the potential for use in the early monitoring of the therapeutic effect of docetaxel in a LNCaP prostate cancer xenograft animal model.