bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SRI WATER MANAGEMENT ON WATER QUALITY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN KOREA
Authors: Choi Joongdae , Kim Gunyeob , Park Woonji , Shin Minhwan , Choi Yonghun , Lee Suin , Kim Sunjoo , Yun Dongkoun 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA feasibility study on the system of rice intensification (SRI) methods with respect to irrigation requirements, non‐point source (NPS) pollution discharge, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and rice yields was conducted for either 2 or 3 years depending on the treatment in Korea. Large‐size runoff plots were prepared, and the necessary measuring systems installed. The SRI methods were carried out with a Japonica variety of rice, Odaebyeo (Oryza sativa L.), and the results were compared with those for control plots. The data indicated the high potentiality of adoption of the SRI methods for paddy farming in Korea. The SRI methods (i.e. SRI and conventional practice with SRI water management (CS)) reduced the irrigation requirement by 50.2 and 46.0%, respectively. For the SRI and CS plots, averaged concentration reductions of typical NPS pollutants, relative to conventional practice (CT) plots, ranged between 15.3 and 42.6%. The GHG emissions from the conventional practice with two forced drainages (CD) and the CS plots, in terms of their CO2 equivalents, were reduced by 65.5 and 72.8%, respectively, compared with those from the CT plots. The rice yields from the SRI and the CS plots were not greater than those from the CT plots. Application of SRI water management methods could help to improve Korea's water resources and water quality management, and could thus contribute to mitigation of the negative effects of global warming. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of sun exposure on the cutaneous collagen/elastin fibers and carotenoids: negative effects can be reduced by application of sunscreen
Authors: Darvin Maxim E. , Richter Heike , Ahlberg Sebastian , Haag Stefan F. , Meinke Martina C. , Le Quintrec Delphine , Doucet Olivier , Lademann Jürgen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractResonance Raman spectroscopy and multi‐photon tomography were used in vivo to analyse the influence of sun exposure on the cutaneous carotenoids and collagen/elastin fibers. Comparing Berlin (low sun exposure) and Monegasque (high sun exposure) volunteers, it could be demonstrated that extended sun exposure significantly reduces the cutaneous carotenoids and collagen/elastin concentration (p < 0.05). The tendency towards correlation (R2 = 0.41) between the dermal collagen/elastin (SAAID) and carotenoids confirms the important role of antioxidants in the protection against sun‐induced negative effects. The application of sunscreen was shown to be effective, protecting cutaneous carotenoids and collagen/elastin from being damaged subsequent to sun exposure. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Alterations of Bone Density, Microstructure, and Strength of the Distal Radius in Male Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case-Control Study With HR-pQCT
Authors: Zhu Tracy Y , Griffith James F , Qin Ling , Hung Vivian W , Fong Tsz-Ning , Au Sze-Ki , Li Martin , Lam Yvonne Yi-On , Wong Chun-Kwok , Kwok Anthony W , Leung Ping-Chung , Li Edmund K , Tam Lai-Shan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone microstructure, and biomechanical competence of the distal radius in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study cohort comprised 50 male RA patients of average age of 61.1 years and 50 age-matched healthy males. Areal BMD (aBMD) of the hip, lumbar spine, and distal radius was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) of the distal radius provided measures of cortical and trabecular vBMD, microstructure, and biomechanical indices. aBMD of the hip but not the lumbar spine or ultradistal radius was significantly lower in RA patients than controls after adjustment for body weight. Total, cortical, and trabecular vBMD at the distal radius were, on average, –3.9% to –23.2% significantly lower in RA patients, and these differences were not affected by adjustment for body weight, testosterone level, or aBMD at the ultradistal radius. Trabecular microstructure indices were, on average, –8.1% (trabecular number) to 28.7% (trabecular network inhomogeneity) significantly inferior, whereas cortical pore volume and cortical porosity index were, on average, 80.3% and 63.9%, respectively, significantly higher in RA patients. RA patients also had significantly lower whole-bone stiffness, modulus, and failure load, with lower and more unevenly distributed cortical and trabecular stress. Density and microstructure indices significantly correlated with disease activity, severity, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL] 12p70, tumor necrosis factor, IL-6 and IL-1β). Ten RA patients had focal periosteal bone apposition most prominent at the ulnovolar aspect of the distal radius. These patients had shorter disease duration and significantly higher cortical porosity. In conclusion, HR-pQCT reveals significant alterations of bone density, microstructure, and strength of the distal radius in male RA patients and provides new insight into the microstructural basis of bone fragility accompanying chronic inflammation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Age-Related Impairment of Bones' Adaptive Response to Loading in Mice Is Associated With Sex-Related Deficiencies in Osteoblasts but No Change in Osteocytes
Authors: Meakin Lee B , Galea Gabriel L , Sugiyama Toshihiro , Lanyon Lance E , Price Joanna S 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Bones adjust their mass and architecture to be sufficiently robust to withstand functional loading by adapting to their strain environment. This mechanism appears less effective with age, resulting in low bone mass. In male and female young adult (17-week-old) and old (19-month-old) mice, we investigated the effect of age in vivo on bones' adaptive response to loading and in vitro in primary cultures of osteoblast-like cells derived from bone cortices. Right tibias were axially loaded on alternate days for 2 weeks. Left tibias were non-loaded controls. In a separate group, the number of sclerostin-positive osteocytes and the number of periosteal osteoblasts were analyzed 24 hours after a single loading episode. The responses to strain of the primary osteoblast-like cells derived from these mice were assessed by EGR2 expression, change in cell number and Ki67 immunofluorescence. In young male and female mice, loading increased trabecular thickness and the number of trabecular connections. Increase in the number of trabecular connections was impaired with age but trabecular thickness was not. In old mice, the loading-related increase in periosteal apposition of the cortex was less than in young ones. Age was associated with a lesser loading-related increase in osteoblast number on the periosteal surface but had no effect on loading-related reduction in the number of sclerostin-positive osteocytes. In vitro, strain-related proliferation of osteoblast-like cells was lower in cells from old than young mice. Cells from aged female mice demonstrated normal entry into the cell cycle but subsequently arrested in G2 phase, reducing strain-related increases in cell number. Thus, in both male and female mice, loading-related adaptive responses are impaired with age. This impairment is different in females and males. The deficit appears to occur in osteoblasts' proliferative responses to strain rather than earlier strain-related responses in the osteocytes. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Internal slot phase varying in traveling‐wave substrate‐integrated waveguide slot antennas and appropriate modeling
Authors: Peters Florian D. L. , Denidni Tayeb A. , Tatu Serioja O. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a new alternative configuration of slotted radiating elements in substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. It yields a greater control over the transmission phase of the slotted waveguide section. This allows a precise conception of traveling‐wave slot antennas in SIW, including those with a high width‐to‐height ratio. Altering the phase by internal measures, instead of displacing slots, is revealed to be very suitable in achieving a good side lobe performance and a broadside beam with less computation effort. For this sake, multiple vias are inserted sophistically in all elements while upholding low reflection and unaffected radiation. A simplified yet bidirectional signal flow graph completes the straightforward approach. Validation is carried out first by comparing slot amplitudes of three different arrays, designed through different procedures, with ideal desired values. Second, fabricated and simulated circuits are evaluated in terms of reflection and radiation performance. The good results demonstrate that this new alternative way to configure a slot antenna in traveling‐wave architecture is a very good candidate in particular for low‐effort applications. A MATLAB test script is provided for further validation and design. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1303–1307, 2014
A tunable photonic microwave notch filter with a negative coefficient using nonlinear behavior of a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Kwon Won‐Bae , Choi Yong‐Kyu , Lee Dongsoo , Kim Geun‐Yong , Park Chang‐Soo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple tunable photonic microwave notch filter with positive and negative coefficients. The negative coefficient is obtained from a single input signal (positive coefficient) using cross gain modulation (XGM) in a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA). When the RSOA is operated in the saturated region, the signal carried on the pump wavelength is inversely copied to the probe wavelength by the XGM effect, showing a negative coefficient. This probe wavelength is easily generated by self‐injection locking the RSOA through a wavelength‐selective filter. Further, variable time delay for filter tuning is achieved using wavelength‐dependent time delay in a fiber medium by changing the Bragg wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating. The proposed microwave notch filter shows notch dips of more than 33 dB and has a tuning range from 828 to 905 MHz in a free spectral range with a wavelength change of 0.6 nm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1328–1331, 2014
Single‐feed cross‐slot loaded compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna for indoor WLAN applications
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Kanaujia Binod K. , Sharma Abhishek , Khandelwal Mukesh K. , Gautam A. K. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA novel single‐feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with compact size is proposed for indoor wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The antenna structure consists of eight slits which are introduced at the boundary and the corners in the radiating square patch with a cross‐slot at the center. The proposed antenna shows a compactness of 42% compared with the conventional circularly polarized antenna design at indoor WLAN frequency band. It is found that the resonance frequency of the proposed structure is highly depending on length and width of cross‐slot and corner slit for entire band of circular polarization. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.9%. Proposed structure is fabricated on the FR‐4 epoxy substrate and fed by a single coaxial probe. Measured results show a good agreement with the simulated results. Antenna shows stable radiation characteristics for the entire operating band. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1313–1317, 2014
Comparison of performance of compact ring printed monopole and loop antennas for wireless‐implantable body area network applications
Authors: Ramli Nur Hidayah , Kamarudin Muhammad Ramlee , Ahyat Ezla Najwa , Samsuri Nor Asmawati , Khamis Nor Hisham H. , Abdulrahman A. Y. , Ayob Muhammad Fitri 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTHuman bodies have a variety of tissues and organs, and so it needs to be characterized as a radio‐wave propagation medium to create a reliable wireless communication link. The radiation characteristics of printed monopole antenna and printed loop antenna for wireless‐implantable body area network (WiBAN) applications are presented in this article. The two antennas are submerged into canola oil to mimic an implanted antenna in the human tissue. The tissue is considered a lossy environment and hence, it adversely degrades radiation characteristics of both antennas. Therefore, the RF transmission attenuation, dB can be used for characterizing the propagating wave from the submerged antennas to the free‐air surface. The measured results show satisfactory performance and are in good agreement with the simulation. As indicated in the results, the attenuation rate from a lossy environment to the free space for the printed loop antenna (0.1 dB/mm) is smaller compared to that of printed monopole antenna (0.1–0.3 dB/mm). More so, the printed loop antenna is smaller in size (about 56%) compared to the printed monopole antenna, which suggests that the loop antenna is more suitable than the monopole for the WiBAN applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1270–1274, 2014
Fiber‐optic sensor without polarization‐induced signal fading
Authors: Yuan Wu , Pang Bian , Bo Jia , Qian Xiao 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTProblems associated with the polarization‐induced signal fading (PSF), produced by the random fluctuation of the polarization states of the two interfering optical waves, are established based on the Jones matrix model of the optical polarization. It is shown that only using Faraday rotating mirrors cannot eliminate the PSF problem. Modifications to have fiber‐optic sensor immune to the PSF are suggested and demonstrated experimentally. It is shown that this new configuration passively eliminated PSF. Theoretical analysis and experimental results in support of this statement are presented. The performance of fiber‐optic sensor is examined and compared with the conventional fiber‐optic sensor. From the results of the experiment, the proposed polarization‐immune fiber‐optic sensor achieves good and stable visibility. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1307–1313, 2014
Wideband L‐probe circular patch antenna for dual‐frequency RFID application
Authors: Tiang Jun‐Jiat , Islam M. T. , Misran Norbahiah , Singh J. Mandeep 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a new high‐gain wideband L‐probe proximity‐fed circular patch antenna using electrically thick substrate is proposed. By employing a dual‐patch microstrip antenna excited by two L‐probes, the bandwidths requirement for the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) and microwave radio frequency identification (RFID) application are met. The antennas integrated with slot‐loading techniques are extensively studied. It is demonstrated that the proposed antenna achieves widebands of UHF and microwave for RFID application. A good agreement is obtained between the computed and measured results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1421–1424, 2014
Compact branch‐line coupler with harmonics suppression using meander T‐shaped line
Authors: Choi Kyo‐Soon , Yoon Ki‐Cheol , Lee Jae‐Yeong , Lee Choul‐Ki , Kim Seong‐Cheol , Kim Ki‐Byoung , Lee Jong‐Chul 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a new compact branch‐line coupler with third harmonics suppression using the meander T‐shaped line is suggested. The meander T‐shaped line works similar to a bandstop filter at the second and third harmonics frequencies. The size of the proposed coupler is 22.2 × 14.9 mm2, while a conventional coupler is 32.6 × 27.8 mm2. Thus, the proposed coupler is considerably smaller than the conventional coupler. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1382–1384, 2014
Coupled‐fed inverted‐F antenna using an inverted‐F coupling feed for small‐size LTE/WWAN tablet computer antenna
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Chen Li‐Yu 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA coupled‐fed inverted‐F antenna for small‐size dual‐wideband operation in the mobile communication devices, especially the slim tablet computers, for the long term evolution/wireless wide area network (LTE/WWAN) operation, is proposed. The antenna comprises a folded radiating strip and an inverted‐F coupling feed. The former is grounded to the device ground plane and is capacitively excited by the inverted‐F coupling feed. Two wide operating bands to cover the LTE/WWAN operation in the 704∼960 and 1710∼2690 MHz bands are generated for the antenna. In addition, the antenna's metal pattern has a planar structure and occupies a small area of 10 × 40 mm2 on a 0.4‐mm thick FR4 substrate. Operating principle and design considerations of the proposed antenna to generate the dual‐wideband operation are addressed. Experimental results of the fabricated antenna are also presented and discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1296–1302, 2014
Compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna for GPS applications
Authors: Hou Ming‐Jyun , Row Jeen‐Sheen 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA compact design of circularly polarized microstrip antennas is described. The antenna has a square‐ring radiating patch, and it is excited by a feeding network consisting of a quadrature coupler with dual lumped capacitors and an impedance‐matching circuit. The feeding network has a considerably smaller size than a traditional 90° hybrid, and therefore, it is placed at the inner slot of the square‐ring patch. By tuning the capacitance value of the lumped capacitors, the antenna can generate good circular polarization radiation. An antenna prototype designed for global positioning system applications is implemented. From the measured results, the 10 dB‐return‐loss bandwidth and 3 dB‐axial‐ratio bandwidth of the prototype are 3% and 1%, respectively. Simulation results obtained by HFSS are also provided to validate the experiment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1293–1296, 2014
A low phase noise LC‐VCO for phase‐locked frequency synthesizers
Authors: Wang Hao X. , Zhang Wei , Liu Yan Y. , Zhang Liang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a low phase noise voltage‐controlled‐oscillator (VCO) using standard 0.18 um RF CMOS process. This VCO is based on the voltage‐biased technique with a tail‐current inductor. Design considerations toward low phase noise are given and some tradeoffs are also described. Measurements show that the VCO has a phase noise of −49.8 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and −134.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the 1.49 GHz carrier frequency. Compared with some other recently reported current‐biased and voltage‐biased VCOs, this work shows a better phase noise performance with reasonable power consumption. This VCO has been successfully applied in phase‐locked frequency synthesizers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1486–1492, 2014
A wide range monolithic pHEMT SPDT switch
Authors: Menbari Babak , Dousti Massoud , Hajghassem Hassan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we propose the design, fabrication, and measurement results of a −6 V single pole double throw (SPDT) switch in the frequency band of DC‐20 GHz. We use a pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) GaAs technology. This technology has a gate width of 0.15 μm and a cutoff frequency of 85 GHz. A high yield and good performance switch based on pHEMT transistor is presented for using in SPDT circuit. In this method, we can reduce the off mode capacitor of transistor (Coff) and optimize the transistor in switch mode. Therefore, this method increases the transistor isolation in “off” mode with no change in the resistance of transistor in “on” mode (Ron). Measurement results show that the insertion loss is 1 dB with variation of ±0.1 dB in the frequency bandwidth and its isolation is better than 35 dB. The linear power range of the circuit is 28 dBm. The chip size is 0.2 mm2 and very low power consumption of 25 μ w is achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1454–1458, 2014
Design of CPW‐FED slot antenna for MIMO system applications
Authors: Ojaroudi Nasser , Ghadimi Noradin 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a new design of coplanar waveguide‐fed slot antenna with E‐ring radiating stub for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is proposed. The operating frequencies of the proposed antenna are 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz, which covers the WLAN bands. The measured results of the proposed antenna show that the impedance bandwidths are from 2.27 to 2.86, 4.85 to 5.35, and 5.65 to 6.05 GHz. The presented antenna has a small size of 30 × 30 mm2. A multifeed four‐element planar array was designed and simulated. It shows that the features of low‐profile, good return loss, and small mutual coupling are promising for multiinput multioutput applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1278–1281, 2014
DC‐to‐67 GHz high‐speed BiCMOS BJT characterization with on‐wafer calibration and EM‐based de‐embedding
Authors: Bae Juseok , Jordan Scott , Nguyen Cam 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBipolar junction transistors (BJTs) in 0.18‐μm silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology are characterized from DC–67 GHz using on‐wafer calibration standards along with an electromagnetic (EM)‐based de‐embedding technique. The common issue of narrow spacing between the interconnects in typical on‐wafer calibration standards that causes calibration error and difficulty in load‐standard design, is overcome with the proposed EM‐based de‐embedding. Appropriate spacing between the closely spaced interconnects is determined based on EM simulations. The parts of the interconnects including vias within the spacing, which have significant parasitics affecting the characterization accuracy at high frequencies and over wide frequency ranges that remain noncalibrated after calibration, are extracted using the EM‐based de‐embedding technique. The measured results of BJTs up to 67 GHz show that approximately less than 2‐dB insertion loss and 15‐deg phase differences are observed between the on‐wafer characterizations with and without the EM‐based de‐embedding, demonstrating that the on‐wafer characterization with EM‐based de‐embedding is useful for accurate characterization of devices at millimeter‐wave two frequencies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1285–1292, 2014
Design method of a single‐ended GM boosted common‐gate CMOS low‐noise amplifier
Authors: Woo Sanghyun , Kim Hyoungsoo 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA design method for a common‐gate (CG) low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for LTE applications is presented to have a boosted transconductance (gm) value in a single‐ended configuration. To overcome the constraint of the gm value for conventional CG LNAs for input matching, a notch filter is utilized at the singled‐ended LNA output load. With this topology, the effective gm can be freely increased for a high gain and low noise figure (NF) without affecting input impedance matching. Moreover, the linearity is also enhanced because the notch filter load can reduce high‐order harmonics of the operating frequency. A single‐ended LNA implemented in a 0.18‐μm CMOS process with this technique delivers a maximum voltage gain of 20.9 dB with a minimum NF of 2.6 dB, a third‐order intermodulation intercept point of −9 dBm with power consumption of 5.8 mW at 2.6 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1409–1412, 2014