bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of polygenic risk scores on depression in childhood trauma
Authors: Peyrot Wouter J. , Milaneschi Yuri , Abdellaoui Abdel , Sullivan Patrick F. , Hottenga Jouke J. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundResearch on gene×environment interaction in major depressive disorder (MDD) has thus far primarily focused on candidate genes, although genetic effects are known to be polygenic.AimsTo test whether the effect of polygenic risk scores on MDD is moderated by childhood trauma.MethodThe study sample consisted of 1645 participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD and 340 screened controls from The Netherlands. Chronic or remitted episodes (severe MDD) were present in 956 participants. The occurrence of childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Interview and the polygenic risk scores were based on genome-wide meta-analysis results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.ResultsThe polygenic risk scores and childhood trauma independently affected MDD risk, and evidence was found for interaction as departure from both multiplicativity and additivity, indicating that the effect of polygenic risk scores on depression is increased in the presence of childhood trauma. The interaction effects were similar in predicting all MDD risk and severe MDD risk, and explained a proportion of variation in MDD risk comparable to the polygenic risk scores themselves.ConclusionsThe interaction effect found between polygenic risk scores and childhood trauma implies that (1) studies on direct genetic effect on MDD gain power by focusing on individuals exposed to childhood trauma, and that (2) individuals with both high polygenic risk scores and exposure to childhood trauma are particularly at risk for developing MDD.
Economic suicides in the Great Recession in Europe and North
America
Authors: Reeves Aaron , McKee Martin , Stuckler David 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThere has been a substantial rise in ‘economic suicides' in the Great
Recessions afflicting Europe and North America. We estimate that the Great
Recession is associated with at least 10 000 additional economic suicides
between 2008 and 2010. A critical question for policy and psychiatric
practice is whether these suicide rises are inevitable. Marked
cross-national variations in suicides in the recession offer one clue that
they are potentially avoidable. Job loss, debt and foreclosure increase
risks of suicidal thinking. A range of interventions, from upstream
return-to-work programmes through to antidepressant prescriptions may help
mitigate suicide risk during economic downturn.
Large Litter Rearing Improves Leptin Sensitivity and Hypothalamic Appetite Markers in Offspring of Rat Dams Fed High-Fat Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Sun Bo , Song Lin , Tamashiro Kellie L. K. , Moran Timothy H. , Yan Jianqun 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Maternal high-fat (HF) diet has long-term consequences on the offspring's metabolic phenotype. Here, we determined the effects of large litter (LL) rearing in offspring of rat dams fed HF diet during gestation and lactation. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on standard chow (CHOW) or HF diet throughout gestation and lactation. Pups were raised in normal litters (NLs) (10 pups/dam) or LLs (16 pups/dam) during lactation, resulting in 4 groups: CHOW-NL, CHOW-LL, HF-NL, and HF-LL. The offspring were weaned onto to either CHOW or HF diet on postnatal day 21. Male and female pups with maternal HF diet (HF-NL) had greater body weight and adiposity, higher plasma leptin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, abnormal hypothalamic leptin signaling pathways (lower leptin receptor-b [OB-Rb] and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, higher suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 mRNA expression) and appetite markers (lower neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide mRNA expression), and reduced phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 level in response to leptin in the arcuate nucleus at weaning, whereas LL rearing normalized these differences. When weaned onto CHOW diet, adult male offspring from HF diet-fed dams continued to have greater adiposity, higher leptin levels, and lower hypothalamic OB-Rb, and LL rearing improved them. When weaned onto HF diet, both adult male and female offspring with maternal HF diet had greater body weight and adiposity, higher leptin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, lower OB-Rb, and higher suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in hypothalamus compared with those of CHOW dams, whereas LL rearing improved most of them except male OB-Rb expression. Our data suggest that LL rearing improves hypothalamic leptin signaling pathways and appetite markers in an age- and sex-specific manner in this model.
An exploratory study into student midwives understanding of the role of the physiotherapist
Authors: Goodwin Katie 
Published: June 2014

Background: It is important that health professionals have an understanding of each others' roles in order to promote patient-centred care and services available. Within obstetrics it is necessary, as key information informers, that midwives and student midwives understand the role physiotherapists can offer. Aim: To explore student midwives understanding of physiotherapy in the antenatal and postnatal setting and what role they recognise it plays within UK healthcare. Method: Adopting a qualitative exploratory approach, a focus group was conducted to explore midwifery students' experiences. Data were analysed using an adapted thematic analysis process. Results: Five key themes were identified: 1. Role recognition is needed, 2. Lack of knowledge: ‘But we don't know what a physiotherapist does’, 3. A perceived view, 4. Utilised? ‘Yes. But…’ and 5. Beneficial? Conclusion: Participants recognised the importance for role understanding, had a perceived view of physiotherapy closely related to the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Women's Health (ACPWH) role definition and described physiotherapy as beneficial. Numerous barriers prevent utilisation. Interprofessional education does not promote or aid role understanding. It is questionable whether student midwives are able to promote physiotherapy services appropriately.
Upper limb pain and decline in strength during rehabilitation for a lower limb injury
Authors: Stagnitti Karen , da Graca Costa Melissa , Falzon Larna , Williams Catherine , Chi Jicheng , Richards Kieva 
Published: June 2014

Background/aim: This study aimed to establish changes in upper limb strength and range of motion that may occur over a short period of time when rehabilitation is focused on lower limb injuries. Methods: The research study was a single group with a pre-post design. A total of 24 patients receiving therapy services for a lower limb injury received an upper limb assessment on admission then three weeks later during lower limb inpatient rehabilitation. Upper limb assessment involved goniometry, dynamometric evaluations, manual muscle testing (MMT) and an assessment of pain. Findings: A significant decrease in right grasp strength (change of −1.2, 95% CI: −2.4–0.0, P=0.04) occurred between Time 1 (initial admission) and Time 2 (three weeks later). There was a decrease of more than 3° for right shoulder flexion (−3.1, CI −6.2, −0.1) and abduction (−4, CI −8.1, −0.17) between Times 1 and 2. Approximately 42% of participants reported musculoskeletal pain at both times. Pain occurred most commonly in the shoulders. Pain intensity showed a significant increase (P=0.04) between Time 1 (4.8) and Time 2 (6.3). Conclusion: When patients are admitted for lower limb injuries, strengthening exercises for the upper limbs should be considered as patients rely more on upper limb strength when lower limb function is decreased.
Hidden depression blights old age
Authors: Watson Dave , Mottram Pat , Choudhury Tafika 
Published: June 2014

In those aged over 65 years depression is the most common psychiatric disorder. Although the prevalence varies according to the criteria used and the methodology involved in making the diagnosis, a figure of around 10–15% is reported (Livingston et al, 1990; Copeland et al, 1987). Depression in older people is too often undetected and untreated, Dave Watson and colleagues explain.
Pioneering treatment in a memory clinic
Authors: Watson Dave , Mottram Pat , Choudhury Tafika 
Published: June 2014

The introduction of drug therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease has implications for primary care in terms of the recognition and referral of patients with memory problems. With a rapidly ageing population demand for services will increase. A specialist memory clinic in the Wirral is proving promising in treatment of mild to moderate dementia.
Estratégia de produção na indústria de autopeças: estudo multicasos em empresas da região de Sorocaba
Authors: Neves Guimarães Márcia Regina , Teodoro Filho Alberto Magno , Lara Felipe Ferreira de , Saltorato Patricia 
Published: June 2014

O alinhamento da estratégia de produção com a estratégia de negócios é fundamental para a obtenção de vantagem competitiva sustentável. No caso particular da indústria automobilística, verifica-se também que a estratégia de produção dos fornecedores é fortemente influenciada pela estratégia das montadoras. Nesse contexto, o artigo tem como objetivo apresentar características referentes ao conteúdo da estratégia de produção de quatro empresas de autopeças, além de analisar a influência das montadoras na definição desse conteúdo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, que utiliza a abordagem qualitativa e o método do estudo de multicasos. Entre os principais resultados, verificou-se que a prioridade competitiva predominante nas empresas é a qualidade, seguida da entrega. Nas áreas de decisão, observou-se, entre outros, que os clientes exercem grande influência na gestão da qualidade dessas empresas e nas atividades de P&D, além de exigirem entregas frequentes. Por fim, verificou-se que as empresas de autopeças buscam reforçar suas prioridades competitivas por meio, também, da adoção de critérios de escolha e avaliação de fornecedores.
A Criminological Perspective on Power Grid Cyber attacks: Using Routine Activities Theory to Rational Choice Perspective to Explore Adversarial Decision-Making
Authors: Rege Aunshul 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The US power grid has been identified by security experts as a prime target for terrorist-based and state-sponsored cyber attacks. In addition to downing the grid, cyber attacks can also destroy and manipulate data systems, obtain sensitive intellectual property and steal trade secrets. Existing research has addressed the technical factors, such as vulnerabilities and poor intrusion detection systems, which lead to cyber attacks. However, it remains silent on the human factors in the cyber attack equation. This study uses a criminological framework, specifically Routine Activities Theory and Rational Choice Perspective to capture intelligent adversaries who plan and execute attacks based on their analysis of target suitability and guardianship efficacy. It uses a two-step methodology to identify adversary-, target-, and guardianship-specific factors that collectively impact decision-making processes. First, a document analysis of existing literature reveals nine factors (PARE RISKS) that influence adversarial decision-making: Prevention measures, Attacks and Alliances, Results, Ease of Access, Response and Recovery, Interconnectedness and Interdependencies, Security Testing, Assessments and Audits, Knowledge, Skills, Research and Development, and System Weaknesses. Second, surveys and interviews conducted between 2010 and 2012 with various hackers, penetration testers, and power grid representatives helps validate and refine the PARE RISKS framework. This study identifies (i) adversary-specific factors as resources (skills, money, and time), and research (targets and techniques); (ii) target-specific factors as accessibility (electronic and physical) and weaknesses (outdated architecture and inadequate testing/updates); and (iii) guardian-specific factors as prevention (quality of prevention and intrusion detection measures). It argues that altering each of these three elements of Routine Activities Theory can impact adversarial decision-making, which may help reduce the likelihood of power grid cyber attacks.
Energy absorption rate of composite tube as a function of stacking sequence using finite element method
Authors: Amid Ramin , Fawaz Zouheir , Ghaemi Hamid 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Numerical investigations were performed on a series of laminated composites when subjected to dynamic loadings, in order to determine their energy absorption rate and dissipating energy during impact. The details of numerical modeling, contact analysis, material parameters, and failure criteria were explained and discussed. We aimed to determine the energy absorption rate of various quasi-isotropic lay-ups when subjected to the dynamic loadings, and found that energy dissipation rate varied depending on stacking sequence. In this investigation, we studied how the energy absorption rate and the peak impact load change as a result of changing stacking sequence, with all stacking sequences being quasi-isotropic. Using a constant impacting mass and varied impacting speeds, we found that stacking sequence can significantly control the energy transfer rate or energy absorption rate under dynamic load condition.
Thermal Analysis of Pu6Fe Synthesized from Hydride Precursor
Authors: Schwartz Daniel S. , Tobash Paul H. , Richmond Scott 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe intermetallic Pu6Fe is a precipitate commonly found in standard-purity Pu alloys. We are interested in measuring thermophysical properties of this intermetallic, so we are developing methods for producing Pu6Fe with potential for being scaled up. We had success using a powder-based method, where finely divided PuH2 powder was mechanically mixed with Fe powder and reacted in vacuum. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to analyze the phase content of the product. We estimate ∼90% yield of Pu6Fe by weight, with the remainder being Pu. Enthalpy of melting for Pu6Fe was measured to be 31.2 J/g, and the onset temperature was 411.5°C. The product was melted 3 times and appeared to become more homogeneous after each cycle.
Statistical analysis of data set on national reporting of emission of air pollutants. Part I: investigation of outliers / Analiza statystyczna zbioru danych pochodzącego z krajowej sprawozdawczości emisji zanieczyszczeń do powietrza, Cz. I: wykrywanie wartości odstających
Authors: Zasina Damian , Zawadzki Jarosław 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Polish emission reporting system - “Krajowa baza o emisjach gazów cieplarnianych i innych substancji” (or National Emission Database (NED)) - was established at the end of 2010. Initially (data submitted for 2010), the database contained reported emission data for greenhouse gases and air pollutants from plants that have had proper Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control permissions (i.e., integrated permission for the release of gases and dusts into the air). The emissions reported to the NED are recognised as the emissions from local sources and partly as the emissions from point sources, with the possibility of including them into a national emission inventory as point source data (in the case of air pollutants). In the near future, it is planned that the database will be perceived as an integrated system for national air emission management (and the emission data from all sources will be required to pay a “tax for the use of the environment”, which will be regulated by national Polish law). This paper is a part of the work related to the analysis of reported emission data. Additional research on the data collected in the national database might be used to develop a National Emission Inventory, in addition to evolution of country-specific emission factors (e.g. from combustion and industrial processes). The analysed data (emission of NOX, CO, SOX and TSP) were taken from the data for point sources submitted for 2011 primarily with the aim of improving the quality of data submitted previously - for 2010. This paper is the first study in the research to investigate outliers among the reported data using some basic statistical methods.
The Linguistic “Fairness” of the Olympic Charter: Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Solutions Adopted in the Official International Document for Global Sport
Authors: Murrmann Julia 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
“The practice of sport is a human right. Every individual must have the possibility of practicing sport, without discrimination of any kind (…)” (Olympic Charter, 2011, p. 10) is an extralinguistic presentation of sport in the Olympic Charter. Ahead of sport rivalry, as well as in social life, all people should be equal: this is the main message of the official, international document for global sport. Pure sport should recognize no differences concerning color of the skin, age, nationality, ethnicity, or gender. The aim of this paper is to show a different perspective: the focus of the paper goes to the language of the Olympic Charter, which should be brought into question. There is a need to investigate the purely linguistic solutions adopted to describe the principles and rules in sport. Additionally, the language, which characterizes participation in the Olympic Games, should be “fair”, meaning free from favoritism and prejudice. People’s dignity must be protected and no offense or discrimination is to be accepted, neither on the extralinguistic nor the linguistic level. Currently, different linguistic issues are being discussed and political correctness policy is being applied. The claims of feminists and purists are being considered. The language of the Olympic Charter seems to be resistant to any kind of criticism, as the document has already been modified a number of times. It is regularly updated. However, the question of whether the Olympic Charter is among the “fairest” documents ever written can only partially be answered. Several linguistic changes will be probably necessary in a very near future.
Efficient one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives promoted by niobium pentachloride
Authors: Andrade Bartolomeu Aloisio , Menezes Manoel , Silva Filho Luiz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives through one-pot condensation of 2-naphthol with aryl aldehydes in the presence of niobium pentachloride is described. The reactions were carried out using 25 mole % of NbCl5, at ambient temperature, and in acceptable reaction times, affording excellent yields of the products.
Binding of biguanides to β-lactoglobulin: molecular-docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies
Authors: Sahihi Mehdi , Ghayeb Yousef 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBiguanides are a class of drugs derived from biguanide and they are the most widely used drugs for diabetes mellitus or pre-diabetes treatment. An investigation of their interaction and a transport protein such as β-lactoglobulin (BLG) at atomic level could be a valuable factor in controlling their transport to biological sites. Molecular-docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods were used to study the interaction of metformin, phenformin and buformin as biguanides and BLG as transport protein. The molecular-docking results revealed that these biguanides bind to BLG and that the BLG affinity for binding the biguanides decreases in the following order: phenformin — buformin — metformin. The docking results also show the hydrophobic interactions to have a significant role in the BLG-biguanides complex stability. Analysis of molecular dynamic simulation trajectories shows that the root mean square deviation of various systems attained equilibrium and fluctuated around the mean value at various times. The time evolution of the radius of gyration and the total solvent-accessible surface of the protein showed that BLG and BLG-biguanide complexes became stable at approximately 2500 ps and that there was not any conformational change in the BLG-biguanide complexes. In addition, the profiles of atomic fluctuations show the rigidity of the ligand-binding site during the simulation.
Application of mixed solvents for elution of organophosphate pesticides extracted from raw propolis by matrix solid-phase dispersion and analysis by GC-MS
Authors: Medina-Dzul Kati , Muñoz-Rodríguez David , Moguel-Ordoñez Yolanda , Carrera-Figueiras Cristian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe excessive application of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) in crop fields close to hives and its application in beekeeping practices are potential sources of contamination of propolis. Pesticides were extracted from raw propolis by matrix solid-phase dispersion. Because of the complex chemical composition of propolis, binary solvent mixtures based on acetonitrile and a relatively non-polar solvent in different proportions were tested for the selective elution of OPPs. The effect of mixed solvents on clean-up was evaluated by GC-MS and the main interfering compounds co-eluted with pesticides were identified. In addition, three volumes of the solvent mixture and the volume of the sample were evaluated in an experimental factorial design. The final experimental conditions were 1 mL of dissolved propolis and 8 mL of acetonitrile/dichloromethane (g4 r = 25: 75). Mean recoveries ranged from 55 % to 96 % (relative standard deviation < 8 %) with an inter-day precision lower than 24 %. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of real samples obtained from local beekeepers.
Photo-alignment of liquid crystals in micro capillaries with point-by-point irradiation
Authors: Siarkowska A. , Jóźwik M. , Ertman S. , Woliński T. , Chigrinov V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA photo-alignment method for micro capillaries based on the SD-1 azo-dye is demonstrated. In this work a liquid-crystal molecules aligning layer is created by point-by-point irradiation of the azo-dye film by using an UV laser light. The method opens up new possibilities for an improved molecules’ orientation control in both glass- and polymer-based photonic liquid crystal fibres.
Beam forming optic aberrations’ impact on maximum range of semiconductor laser based rangefinders
Authors: Wojtanowski J. , Zygmunt M. , Traczyk M. , Mierczyk Z. , Jakubaszek M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMiniature rangefinding modules based on pulsed semiconductor laser technology are becoming more and more popular components of a variety of modern optoelectronics devices where precise, fast and eye-safe range estimation is needed. Current trends associated with minimization of both physical dimensions and cost of such modules lead to the design approach relying on exact meeting the requirements of a given application, concerning the spatial resolution and especially the maximum range. Optical components of a rangefinder cover a substantial part of its cost and determine its overall dimensions, but primarily — the indigenous parameters of the transmitter and receiver trains are crucial for the maximum measurable range. The quantitative analysis of transmitter optics aberrational characteristics impact on signal-to-noise ratio range dependence and thus the maximum range of a laser rangefinder is presented in the paper. Modern optical fabrication technology offers a huge range of solutions, changing in imaging/projecting characteristics which implies the price level as well. Rangefinder optics has a very specific task which sometimes makes it unreasonable to fight for the diffraction limited performance. The article provides the approach how to determine the acceptable level of optical aberrations which still does not degrade the measurable range significantly.