bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting to the skies: evolution of qualified personnel in airline operations amid technological advancements
Authors: Akpur Akın 
Published: June 2024

PurposeThis study investigates the evolution of skilled personnel in airline operations driven by technological advancements. It aims to elucidate the changing personnel demands necessitated by technological innovations in the ground and flight services.Design/methodology/approachThe impact of technological advancements on aviation services has been broadly outlined. Secondary sources were used to identify the relationship between technology and human resources in aviation and categorize the current situation. However, the main narrative was based on the author’s observations.FindingsThe progression of technology in air transportation has led to a reduction in the number of personnel involved and the time spent on human interactions. Technological advancements in aviation have predominantly affected three crucial domains: back offices, ground services, and flight services. A future trend foresees a substantial shift toward self-service in ground services, contributing to streamlined processes with minimal errors.Practical implicationsAirlines must consider candidates' ability to adapt to technological changes during the hiring process to enhance operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The current staff should be supported by training programs to facilitate their adaptation to technology.Social implicationsThis study provides a theoretical framework regarding changes in personnel requirements due to technological applications in aviation, the integration of technology into the sector, and the adaptation of current personnel to these technologies.Originality/valueThis perspective resonates with scholars engaged in the realms of aviation and tourism. This study assesses technological progress from both managerial and customer perspectives.
Utility of 3D modelling of the patient's living environment as perceived by occupational therapists
Authors: Guay Manon , Auger Claudine , Séguin‐Tremblay Noémie , Michaud François , Labbé Mathieu , Chevalier Natalie , Plante Michelle , Polgar Janice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionVisiting a patient's living environment is important for occupational therapists, albeit costly and time consuming. MapIt is a mobile app producing a 3D representation of a home with the possibility of taking measurements. The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of a 3D representation of a patient's home for the clinical practice of occupational therapists.MethodsCase study in which the unit of analysis was the utility of MapIt as defined by ISO 9241‐11:2018 and as perceived by occupational therapists in four different occupational therapy clinical settings (Canada). Onsite observations with 10 occupational therapists (and their patients) were triangulated with data from interviews, diaries, and logbooks. Inductive thematic condensation led to emerging conclusions for each clinical setting, fuelling the next case data collection and analysis. Inter‐case analysis was corroborated by additional occupational therapists, through crowdsourcing and expert review.ResultsOccupational therapists' clinical reasoning was supported by the MapIt app, enhancing and streamlining their work and inducing adjustments to treatment plans. Occupational therapists saw and measured the patient's environment remotely, to better match person‐environment‐occupation and promote occupational engagement. MapIt's 3D representations were judged useful to communicate between occupational therapists and stakeholders, to educate, allow continuity, optimise resources, minimise the patient's time on a waitlist for homecare, and save time for everyone.DiscussionMapIt allowed occupational therapists who performed home visits to bring a little of the patients' home to their office, whereas occupational therapists without access to the home could see it and take measurements. MapIt's utility was confirmed for practice in clinical settings and for better continuity of care between settings.ConclusionMapIt makes it possible for occupational therapists to ‘walk around’ the patient's home remotely, but the possibility of measuring environmental elements is a 3D model's true added value over currently used photos or short videos.
“Just forget about it and move on”: Stillbirth ruptured and repaired narratives beyond expectant futures
Authors: Eilat Shvat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe critical sociological literature has explored social prescriptions on women’s reproductive lives, trajectories, outcomes and aftermaths. However, little attention has been given to how these prescriptions are expressed through temporal negotiations. This article delves into the narratives of Jewish‐Israeli women who have experienced stillbirths. In their narratives, these women contest expectations directed towards them in interactions with professionals, family and friends. Within these expectations, a form of dictation over their future comes into being, where a new pregnancy should quickly precede the stillbirth. The focus here lies on how these women navigate and contest these temporal expectations, carving out space for stillbirth as a meaningful and painful event that should be granted attention and for alternative forms of remembering their stillborn and caring for them after their death. They reshape their narratives through what I call "thickening a present tense" and extend care to the stillborn in the aftermath of the stillbirth. This work contributes to scholarly inquiries into reproductive life and probing time as a socially prescribed mechanism for the value and social distribution of care.
Study on the interaction mechanism of whey protein isolate with phosphatidylcholine: By multispectral methods and molecular docking
Authors: Ma Ming‐Yang , Wu Fei‐Yang , Xu Yun‐Peng , Mu Guang‐Qing , Qian Fang , Zhu Xue‐Mei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe elucidation of the interaction mechanism between phospholipids and milk proteins within emulsions is pivotal for comprehending the properties of infant formula fat globules. In this study, multispectral methods and molecular docking were employed to explore the relationship between phosphatidylcholine (PC) and whey protein isolate (WPI). Observations indicate that the binding constant, alongside thermodynamic parameters, diminishes as temperature ascends, hinting at a predominantly static quenching mechanism. Predominantly, van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds constitute the core interactions between WPI and PC. This assertion is further substantiated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which verifies PC's influence on WPI's secondary structure. A detailed assessment of thermodynamic parameters coupled with molecular docking reveals that PC predominantly adheres to specific sites within α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin, propelled by a synergy of hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces, with binding energies noted at −5.59, −6.71, and −7.85 kcal/mol, respectively. An increment in PC concentration is observed to amplify the emulsification properties of WPI whilst concurrently diminishing the zeta potential. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for applying the PC–WPI interaction mechanism in food.
Exploring clinical features and therapeutic outcomes in Indian children with mixed connective tissue disease: A multicenter study
Authors: Guha Suparna , Suri Deepti , Balan Suma , Janarthanan Mahesh , Agarwal Manjari , Viswanathan Vijay , Gupta Aman , Hazarika Rashna Dass , Gummadi Anjani , Sudhakar Murugan , Pal Samar Ranjan , Raghuram Jyothi , Rao Anand Prahalad , Singh Neha , Aggarwal Amita , Bhattad Sagar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionMixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rare entity in children. There is a paucity of studies on juvenile‐onset MCTD (jMCTD) worldwide especially from Southeast Asia.ObjectivesTo describe clinical and laboratory features of jMCTD diagnosed at pediatric rheumatology centers across India.MethodsA predesigned detailed case proforma in an excel format was prepared and was sent to all the Pediatric Rheumatology centers in India. Eleven centers provided the clinical and laboratory data of their jMCTD patients, which was then compiled and analyzed in detail.ResultsThirty‐one jMCTD patients from 11 centers were included in the study. Our cohort had 27 females and four male patients over 12 months (August 2021 to July 2022). The median age at presentation was 12 years (range 5–18 years) and the median duration of symptoms was 24 months at diagnosis (range 2–96 months). The common features included arthritis (90%), malar rash (70.9%), and Raynaud's phenomenon (70.9%). At a mean follow‐up of 43 months (range 1–168 months), 45% of them were in remission. There were two deaths reported, due to macrophage activation syndrome and sepsis respectively.ConclusionWe present the largest multicenter experience on jMCTD from the Indian subcontinent. The study's findings serve as a crucial stepping stone toward unraveling the complexities of jMCTD and improving patient care and management strategies.
Causal relationships between immune cell phenotypes and lung adenocarcinoma: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Bowen , Huang Zhicheng , Wang Yadong , Guo Chao , Liang Naixin , Yang Huaxia , Li Shanqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer and closely associated with the immune system. Emerging evidence suggests that blood immune cell phenotypes in patients with LUAD may undergo alterations. Nevertheless, the limited amount of relevant research makes it difficult to understand the causal links between LUAD and changes in the immune cells. This study aimed to reveal the potential causal relationships between 731 immune cell phenotypes and LUAD.MethodsA bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to clarify causal relationships. Four types of immune phenotypes, absolute cell counts, relative cell counts, median fluorescence intensities (MFIs) of surface antigens, and morphological parameters, were investigated in this study. Heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy tests, and leave‐one‐out analyses were performed to validate the reliability of our study.ResultsA total of 26 immune cell characteristics were identified as contributing to the occurrence of LUAD. Memory B cells, IgD−CD38br cells, CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) may play a role in the development of LUAD. Through reverse MR, our study discovered that the presence of LUAD also induced changes in the expression levels of 16 immune cell traits involving specific surface markers and various types of immune cells, some of which pertain to antigen presentation and immune activation processes.ConclusionOur study demonstrated causal links between several immune cell phenotypes and LUAD, thereby providing indications of the potentially oncogenic physiological state and early screening biomarkers for future research.
Perioperative association between c‐reactive protein, pain catastrophizing and acute pain after total knee arthroplasty: A secondary analysis of two randomised trials
Authors: Springborg Anders H. , Kehlet Henrik , Nielsen Niklas I. , Gromov Kirill , Troelsen Anders , Varnum Claus , Foss Nicolai B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty is associated with an inflammatory response and high levels of pain in a subset of patients. Pain catastrophizing has been associated with acute postoperative pain. The association between these variables has not been investigated in an optimised fast‐track setup including preoperative glucocorticoids. The aim of this study was, first, to investigate the correlation between the increase in postoperative c‐reactive protein (CRP) and acute postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty, and second, to investigate the correlation between the increase in CRP and preoperative pain catastrophizing.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of data from 119 patients participating in two randomised controlled trials. Correlation analyses were performed for preoperative CRP and CRP increase at 24 and 48 h and pain during a well‐defined mobilisation at 24 and 48 h after total knee arthroplasty. Additionally, correlation analyses were performed between CRP increase and pain catastrophizing using the pain catastrophizing scale.ResultsThere was no correlation between preoperative CRP or postoperative CRP increase and pain at both 24 and 48 h. Analyses were similar when separated into high and low pain catastrophizers. There was no correlation between preoperative CRP or postoperative CRP increase and pain catastrophizing.ConclusionThere was no association between the postoperative CRP response and postoperative acute pain or pain catastrophizing in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty in a well‐defined multimodal fast‐track regime including preoperative glucocorticoids. These results suggest that acute pain after knee arthroplasty is not reflected by CRP when applying preoperative glucocorticoids.
A new gene signature for endothelial senescence identifies self‐RNA sensing by retinoic acid‐inducible gene I as a molecular facilitator of vascular aging
Authors: Guduric‐Fuchs Jasenka , Pedrini Edoardo , Bertelli Pietro M. , McDonnell Shannon , Pathak Varun , McLoughlin Kiran , O'Neill Christina L. , Stitt Alan W. , Medina Reinhold J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe number of senescent vascular endothelial cells increases during aging and their dysfunctional phenotype contributes to age‐related cardiovascular disease. Identification of senescent cells is challenging as molecular changes are often tissue specific and occur amongst clusters of normal cells. Here, we established, benchmarked, and validated a new gene signature called EndoSEN that pinpoints senescent endothelial cells. The EndoSEN signature was enriched for interferon‐stimulated genes (ISG) and correlated with the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP establishment is classically attributed to DNA damage and cyclic GMP–AMP synthase activation, but our results revealed a pivotal role for RNA accumulation and sensing in senescent endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we showed that endothelial cell senescence hallmarks include self‐RNA accumulation, RNA sensor RIG‐I upregulation, and an ISG signature. Moreover, a virtual model of RIG‐I knockout in endothelial cells underscored senescence as a key pathway regulated by this sensor. We tested and confirmed that RIG‐I knockdown was sufficient to extend the lifespan and decrease the SASP in endothelial cells. Taken together, our evidence suggests that targeting RNA sensing is a potential strategy to delay vascular aging.
Single‐cell mitochondrial sequencing reveals low‐frequency mitochondrial mutations in naturally aging mice
Authors: Liu Fuyan , Sun Xiaolin , Wei Cai , Ji Liu , Song Yali , Yang Chenlu , Wang Yue , Liu Xin , Wang Daqing , Kang Jingmin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMitochondria play a crucial role in numerous biological processes; however, limited methods and research have focused on revealing mitochondrial heterogeneity at the single‐cell level. In this study, we optimized the DNBelab C4 single‐cell ATAC (assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin) sequencing workflow for single‐cell mitochondrial sequencing (C4_mtscATAC‐seq). We validated the effectiveness of our C4_mtscATAC‐seq protocol by sequencing the HEK‐293T cell line with two biological replicates, successfully capturing both mitochondrial content (~68% of total sequencing data) and open chromatin status simultaneously. Subsequently, we applied C4_mtscATAC‐seq to investigate two mouse tissues, spleen and bone marrow, obtained from two mice aged 2 months and two mice aged 23 months. Our findings revealed higher mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in young tissues compared to more variable mitochondrial content in aged tissues, consistent with higher activity scores of nuclear genes associated with mitochondrial replication and transcription in young tissues. We detected a total of 22, 15, and 21 mtDNA mutations in the young spleen, aged spleen, and bone marrow, respectively, with most variant allele frequencies (VAF) below 1%. Moreover, we observed a higher number of mtDNA mutations with higher VAF in aged tissues compared to young tissues. Importantly, we identified three mtDNA variations (m.9821A>T, m.15219T>C, and m.15984C>T) with the highest VAF in both aged spleen and aged bone marrow. By comparing cells with and without these mtDNA variations, we analyzed differential open chromatin status to identify potential genes associated with these mtDNA variations, including transcription factors such as KLF15 and NRF1. Our study presents an alternative single‐cell mitochondrial sequencing method and provides crude insights into age‐related single‐cell mitochondrial variations.
Rare and common variants associated with alcohol consumption identify a conserved molecular network
Authors: Leger Brittany S. , Meredith John J. , Ideker Trey , Sanchez‐Roige Sandra , Palmer Abraham A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of common variants associated with alcohol consumption. In contrast, genetic studies of alcohol consumption that use rare variants are still in their early stages. No prior studies of alcohol consumption have examined whether common and rare variants implicate the same genes and molecular networks, leaving open the possibility that the two approaches might identify distinct biology.MethodsTo address this knowledge gap, we used publicly available alcohol consumption GWAS summary statistics (GSCAN, N = 666,978) and whole exome sequencing data (Genebass, N = 393,099) to identify a set of common and rare variants for alcohol consumption. We used gene‐based analysis to implicate genes from common and rare variant analyses, which we then propagated onto a shared molecular network using a network colocalization procedure.ResultsGene‐based analysis of each dataset implicated 294 (common variants) and 35 (rare variants) genes, including ethanol metabolizing genes ADH1B and ADH1C, which were identified by both analyses, and ANKRD12, GIGYF1, KIF21B, and STK31, which were identified in only the rare variant analysis, but have been associated with other neuropsychiatric traits. Network colocalization revealed significant network overlap between the genes identified via common and rare variants. The shared network identified gene families that function in alcohol metabolism, including ADH, ALDH, CYP, and UGT. Seventy‐one of the genes in the shared network were previously implicated in neuropsychiatric or substance use disorders but not alcohol‐related behaviors (e.g. EXOC2, EPM2A, and CACNG4). Differential gene expression analysis showed enrichment in the liver and several brain regions.ConclusionsGenes implicated by network colocalization identify shared biology relevant to alcohol consumption, which also underlie neuropsychiatric traits and substance use disorders that are comorbid with alcohol use, providing a more holistic understanding of two disparate sources of genetic information.
Touching food: On finding the tech‐tile1
Authors: Ray Krishnendu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article wrestles with the question of the relationship between the digits of our hands and the digital in a dispersed but connected world. What can be held and what fails our grasp in such a universe? How the everyday and habitual skills of cooking and cleaning come into consciousness or vanish into habit, in a constant choreography of remembering and forgetting, with the digital as aid or hindrance. In the process of thinking through posture, gesture, and infrastructure, it reflects on the enduring contemporary challenge of doing ethnographic work at multiple transnational locations, by an ethnographer with a passport that does not travel well, made worse by the restrictions of a pandemic. In the process, it shows how the same hands that can heal, can also hurt.
Letter: Persisting with persistence—A caution as an outcome measure in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Rao Vikram , Chen Gordon , Koh Elaine , Segal Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Yiu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18006 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18136
Comparing different postoperative sedation strategies for patients in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Qinxue , Liu Xing , Xiang Yuancai , Lei Xianying , Yu Hong , Liu Li , Feng Jianguo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundVarious postoperative sedation protocols with different anaesthetics lead to profound effects on the outcomes for post‐cardiac surgery patients. However, a comprehensive analysis of optimal postoperative sedation strategies for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) after cardiac surgery is lacking.MethodsWe systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in databases including PubMed and Embase. The primary outcome measured the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) in the ICU, and the secondary outcome encompassed the length of stay (LOS) in the ICU and hospital and the monitoring adverse events.ResultsThe literature included 18 RCTs (1652 patients) with 13 sedation regimens. Dexmedetomidine plus ketamine and sevoflurane were associated with a significantly reduced duration of MV when compared with propofol. Our results also suggested that dexmedetomidine plus ketamine may associated with a shorter LOS in ICU, and sevoflurane associated with a shorter LOS in the hospital, respectively.ConclusionsThe combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine seems to be a better option for adult patients needing sedation after cardiac surgery, and the incidence of side effects is lower with dexmedetomidine. These findings have potential implications for medication management in the perioperative pharmacotherapy of cardiac surgery patients.