bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Implants Placed in Infected and Noninfected Sites after Atraumatic Tooth Extraction and Placement with Ultrasonic Bone Surgery
Authors: Blus Cornelio , Szmukler‐Moncler Serge , Khoury Paul , Orrù Germano 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundOnly a few reports deal with implants placed in infected postextraction sites.PurposeSurvival rates of a cohort of immediate implants cases placed in acute and chronically infected sites were compared with a cohort of noninfected ones while (1) tooth extraction and osteotomy sites were prepared with a piezosurgery device and (2) ultrasonication was applied to abate the bacterial charge at infected sites.Materials and MethodsEighty‐six patients received 168 immediate implants distributed into three groups: noninfected (85), acute (36), and chronically (47) infected sites. Atraumatic extraction and implant osteotomy were performed with an ultrasonic surgery device without flap elevation. All sites received the same medication and surgical protocol; infected sites were ultrasonicated during 30 seconds at 72 W. Kaplan–Meyer survival rates were calculated at 1 year.ResultsThe 1‐year survival rates of the noninfected, chronically, and acute infected groups were 98.8, 100, and 94.4%, respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. No implant was lost after loading. All teeth and roots could be extracted in one piece. Drilling at extraction sockets was uncomplicated, without skidding.ConclusionsImplant survival rates might be similar in infected and noninfected sites when infected sites receive standard medical and surgical treatment and are ultrasonicated. Atraumatic tooth/root extraction and implant placement can be reliably performed with piezoelectric surgery.
STANDARDISING DIALYSATE POTASSIUM DOES NOT INCREASE PATIENT RISK
Authors: Abeleda Kristoffer L. , Bennett Paul N. , Ockerby Cherene 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundRapid intradialytic potassium shifts during haemodialysis have been associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Standardising dialysate potassium to 2 mmol/l may decrease the potassium shift.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of standardising dialysate potassium to 2 mmol/l for all chronic dialysis treatments.DesignPre‐ and post‐intervention comparison of monthly serum potassium.ParticipantsNinety‐seven individuals, of whom 56 patients could be matched across both data collection periods.MethodsSerum potassium data were categorised based on a target range 3.5–6.0 mmol/l. Overall pre‐ and post‐intervention mean scores were compared using a paired samples t‐test. Data for patients routinely prescribed dialysate potassium 1 mmol/l pre‐intervention (n = 6) underwent paired samples t‐test to compare their mean serum potassium pre‐ and post‐intervention.ResultsThere was no statistically significant change in serum potassium post‐intervention. The majority of patients remained within the target range, including the subset of patients who had a history of high serum potassium during the pre‐intervention period.ConclusionsA standard potassium dialysate of 2 mmol/l may reduce intradialytic serum potassium shifts and may assist in standardising safer work practices.
Health Disparities of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: What Do We Know? What Do We Do?
Authors: Krahn Gloria L. , Fox Michael H. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundRecent attention to health of people with intellectual disabilities has used a health disparities framework. Building on historical context, the paper summarizes what is known about health disparities from reports and research and provide direction on what to do to reduce these disparities among adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodsThe present authors examined literature from 2002 to 2011 on health disparities and people with disabilities looking for broad themes on documenting disparities and on research approaches and methods.ResultsMultiple countries published reports on health of people with intellectual disabilities. Researchers summarized existing research within a health disparities framework. A number of promising methodologies are identified such as health services research, health indicators, enhanced surveillance and mixed‐methods.ConclusionsStrategies to reduce health disparities include use of data to educate decision makers, attention to social determinants and a life‐course model and emphasis on leveraging inclusion in mainstream services where possible.
Invasion ratcheting in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and the ability of native and invaded ranges to predict its global distribution
Authors: Gallardo Belinda , zu Ermgassen Philine S. E. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimIn this study, we investigate changes in the environmental niche of an important pest species, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), across its world‐wide distribution. The ability of models based on the native (Ponto‐Caspian) and invaded (Western European and North American) ranges to accurately model the potential distribution of zebra mussel elsewhere was also investigated.LocationEurope and North America.MethodsA comprehensive cross‐continental occurrence database of the zebra mussel was used to explore the species' native and invaded ranges using univariate and multivariate analyses. In addition, ecological niche models (ENMs, employing MaxEnt) were used to investigate the ability of the native and invaded ranges to describe the species' distribution elsewhere.ResultsWe found the zebra mussel to occupy different, but partly overlapping, environmental niches in the native Ponto‐Caspian region and invaded European and North American regions. Accordingly, the ENMs calibrated with the native range accurately predicted regions of early colonization in Europe and North America, but not the subsequent expansion. ENMs calibrated with data from the European range failed to describe the invaded range in North America, and vice versa. Climate suitability curves further confirmed a progressive spatio‐temporal stretching of the climatic tolerance of the zebra mussel.Main conclusionsThis study provides novel evidence of multiple episodes of niche expansion in a notorious invasive species, and supports the use of partial ranges to better understand the species' spatio‐temporal history of invasion. Separately, the native and invaded ranges provided important information regarding the species' environmental tolerance and the regions that are most suitable for first colonization, as well as identifying regions at risk in the case of a possible reintroduction. Collectively, the differences between the three ecological niche projections of the zebra mussel demonstrate that niche expansion of an invasive species within a new geographical region promotes the organism's further invasion in space and time, a process known as invasion ratcheting.
Comparison of peri‐implant crevicular fluid levels of adrenomedullin and human beta defensins 1 and 2 from mandibular implants with different implant stability quotient levels in nonsmoker patients
Authors: Ertugrul A. S. , Tekin Y. , Alpaslan N. Z. , Bozoglan A. , Sahin H. , Dikilitas A. 
Published: July 2013

Background and ObjectiveTo achieve satisfactory osseointegration, primary stability and healthy peri‐implant tissue must be available. In this study, our objective was to compare the adrenomedullin, human beta‐defensin (hBD)‐1 and hBD‐2 levels in implants with different implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and with different peri‐implant tissue health values in the peri‐implant crevicular fluid.Material and MethodsThirty patients with 60 endosseous osseointegrated implants were included in this study. Following the completion of the osseointegration process, these implants were divided into two main groups: a group of 15 implants with peri‐implantitis (peri‐implantitis: 40 ≤ ISQ ≤ 80 peri‐implantitis, n = 15) and a group of 45 implants with healthy peri‐implant tissue. The healthy peri‐implant tissue group was further divided into three subgroups according to their ISQ values (Healthy‐60: 60 ≤ ISQ ≤ 70, healthy peri‐implant, n = 15; Healthy‐80: 71 ≤ ISQ ≤ 80, healthy peri‐implant, n = 15; and Healthy‐100: 81 ≤ ISQ ≤ 100, healthy peri‐implant, n = 15). The levels of adrenomedullin, hBD‐1 and hBD‐2 in the peri‐implant crevicular fluid were assessed using ELISAs.ResultsWhen the peri‐implant clinical measurements were compared within groups, they were found to be highest in the peri‐implantitis group and lowest in the Healthy‐100 group. The adrenomedullin, hBD‐1 and hBD‐2 levels in the peri‐implant crevicular fluid of the peri‐implantitis group were found to be significantly higher than those in the Healthy‐60, Healthy‐80 and Healthy‐100 groups. When only the healthy peri‐implant tissue groups were evaluated, the adrenomedullin, hBD‐1 and hBD‐2 levels in the peri‐implant crevicular fluid of the Healthy‐60 group were found to be significantly higher than those in the Healthy‐80 and Healthy‐100 groups. The lowest adrenomedullin, hBD‐1 and hBD‐2 levels were observed in the Healthy‐100 group.ConclusionIn cases of peri‐implantitis, higher adrenomedullin, hBD‐1 and hBD‐2 levels were observed. These results indicate the presence of a tissue response to prevent the creation of a pathological environment in the peri‐implant tissue. In groups with healthy peri‐implant tissues, the ISQ value decreases as the adrenomedullin, hBD‐1 and hBD‐2 levels increase. This condition is thought to be caused by increased dental plaque accumulation and bone resorption in addition to increased lateral implant movements and colonization of microorganisms in the microcavities between the implant elements.
Interaction of Penicillin‐Binding Protein 2x and Ser/Thr protein kinase StkP, two key players in Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 morphogenesis
Authors: Morlot C. , Bayle L. , Jacq M. , Fleurie A. , Tourcier G. , Galisson F. , Vernet T. , Grangeasse C. , Di Guilmi A. M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBacterial cell growth and division require the co‐ordinated action of peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzymes and cell morphogenesis proteins. However, the regulatory mechanisms that allow generating proper bacterial shape and thus preserving cell integrity remain largely uncharacterized, especially in ovococci. Recently, the conserved eukaryotic‐like Ser/Thr protein kinase of Streptococcus pneumoniae (StkP) was demonstrated to play a major role in cell shape and division. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory function(s) of StkP and show that it involves one of the essential actors of septal peptidoglycan synthesis, Penicillin‐Binding Protein 2x (PBP2x). We demonstrate that StkP and PBP2x interact directly and are present in the same membrane‐associated complex in S. pneumoniae. We further show that they both display a late‐division localization pattern at the division site and that the positioning of PBP2x depends on the presence of the extracellular PASTA domains of StkP. We demonstrate that StkP and PBP2x interaction is mediated by their extracellular regions and that the complex formation is inhibited in vitro in the presence of cell wall fragments. These data suggest that the role of StkP in cell division is modulated by an interaction with PBP2x.
Near Zero Fluoroscopic Implantation of BIV ICD Using Electro‐anatomical Mapping
Authors: MINA ADEL , WARNECKE NICHOLAS 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBiventricular (BIV) implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantations are traditionally performed using fluoroscopic guidance, exposing both patients and laboratory staff to the risks of radiation. Three‐dimensional (3D) electro‐anatomical mapping (EAM) has been used in limited reports with modest decrease in fluoroscopy time in adjunct to standard use of contrast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of EAM in BIV ICD implantation with near zero use of fluoroscopy and contrast.Methods and ResultsRetrospective analysis was performed in two patient groups (both n = 10): (1) the near zero fluoroscopy (NZF) group consisting of consecutive adult patients, in which BIV implantation was accomplished by EAM; and (2) the fluoroscopy (F) group, in which BIV implantation was additionally guided by fluoroscopy and contrast use. The same operator performed all procedures with a step‐by‐step approach detailed below. Complications were limited to one patient in the standard (F) group who had a pneumothorax related to difficult access with occluded collateralized subclavian vein and small hematoma with no intervention required. Another patient in the NZF group had lead revision with an extra 0.5 minutes of fluoroscopy related to microdislodgement secondary to body habitus and postural changes.ConclusionThis NZF technique was feasible and effective in near elimination of contrast use, as well as in decreasing fluoroscopy exposure to as low as 0.1 minutes or near zero exposure. We also highlighted the technique in detailed step‐by‐step approach. It was also discovered that 3D mapping does not increase procedure time. In fact there was a tendency toward shortening the procedure time, further demonstrating the feasibility of this technique for the implantation of BIV ICD. Acute procedural success, complications, and clinical outcome were comparable in both groups.
Attentional processing of multiple targets and distractors
Authors: Munneke Jaap , Fait Elisa , Mazza Veronica 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe assessed the functioning of attention when multiple relevant objects are intermingled with multiple distractors, measuring two electrophysiological subcomponents of the N2pc that have been associated, respectively, with target selection and distractor suppression: the target negativity (Nt) and the distractor positivity (Pd). To this aim, we orthogonally manipulated the number of targets and distractors in an enumeration task. The Nt was modulated by target, but not distractor numerosity, suggesting that an increase in target numerosity leads to an increase in attentional resources needed to form individual representations of the targets. In contrast, the number of distractors did not differentially alter the Pd. We hypothesize that distractors sharing similar visual features can be processed (and possibly suppressed) as a set, without the need for individuation.
Reliability of Water Jet Peening for Alloy 600 PWSCC Mitigation
Authors: Okimura Koji , Sugimoto Noriaki , Suzuki Harutaka 
Published: July 2013

As a countermeasure against high residual stress, we have developed some residual stress improvement methods; Water Jet Peening (WJP) [1] [2] for components installed in water, Shot Peening by Ultrasonic-wave vibration (USP) for components installed in air, and outer surface irradiated Laser Stress Improvement Process (L-SIP)[3] for components that can only be accessed from the outer surface.
WJP is applied to Reactor Vessel (RV) outlet/inlet nozzle safe-end joints (Alloy600 weld metal), RV Bottom Mounted Instrument (BMI) inner surface and J-weld. Especially, it is difficult to apply the technology to BMI because BMI inner surface is a very narrow space (inner diameter; approximately 10–15mm) and BMI J-weld configuration is a complicated 3-dimensional form.
On the occasion of actual application, we carry out the verification tests and check that a stress improvement was effective as one of PWSCC mitigations. And the compressive stress induced by the WJP was verified to continue to exist under actual plant operation conditions.
Thus, in addition to replacing the material with Alloy 690, converting the residual stress to compressive one can prevent the occurrence of PWSCC.
Fatigue Performance of Stainless Steel in NPP Service Conditions
Authors: Solin Jussi , Reese Sven , Mayinger Wolfgang 
Published: July 2013

Fatigue of Niobium stabilized austenitic stainless steel (X6CrNiNb1810 mod) is studied using specimens extracted from a solution annealed and quenched primary piping material sample. This paper reports and discusses new results complementing the data published in PVP2009 and 2011, where good long life performance was demonstrated and relevance of the new design curve in ASME III was questioned.
Effects of temperature and operational loading sequences are in focus here. A typical case with steady state operation between fatigue cycles was roughly simulated in periodically interrupted tests. An extension of fatigue life due to hardening during the holds in elevated temperature was demonstrated and here we show that the hardening effect is generic. It occurs also in isothermal conditions, where straining and holds are both at 325 °C, irrespective of the phase within a cycle, where the hold is introduced, and also for other austenitic steel grades.
Fatigue assessment based on standard fatigue data seems to underestimate fatigue performance of materials subjected to typical thermal transients in nuclear piping during operation.
Dynamics of the Type III Secretion System Activity of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Mills Erez , Baruch Kobi , Aviv Gili , Nitzan Mor , Rosenshine Ilan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Type III secretion systems (TTSSs) are employed by pathogens to translocate host cells with effector proteins, which are crucial for virulence. The dynamics of effector translocation, behavior of the translocating bacteria, translocation temporal order, and relative amounts of each of the translocated effectors are all poorly characterized. To address these issues, we developed a microscopy-based assay that tracks effector translocation. We used this assay alongside a previously described real-time population-based translocation assay, focusing mainly on enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) and partly comparing it to
Salmonella
. We found that the two pathogens exhibit different translocation behaviors: in EPEC, a subpopulation that formed microcolonies carried out most of the translocation activity, while
Salmonella
executed protein translocation as planktonic bacteria. We also noted variability in host cell susceptibility, with some cells highly resistant to translocation. We next extended the study to determine the translocation dynamics of twenty EPEC effectors and found that all exhibited distinct levels of translocation efficiency. Further, we mapped the global effects of key TTSS-related components on TTSS activity. Our results provide a comprehensive description of the dynamics of the TTSS activity of EPEC and new insights into the mechanisms that control the dynamics.

IMPORTANCE
EPEC and the closely related enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) represent a global public health problem. New strategies to combat EPEC and EHEC infections are needed, and development of such strategies requires better understanding of their virulence machinery. The TTSS is a critical virulence mechanism employed by these pathogens, and by others, including
Salmonella
. In this study, we aimed at elucidating new aspects of TTSS function. The results obtained provide a comprehensive description of the dynamics of TTSS activity of EPEC and new insights into the mechanisms that control these changes. This knowledge sets the stage for further analysis of the system and may accelerate the development of new ways to treat EPEC and EHEC infections. Further, the newly described microscopy-based assay can be readily adapted to study the dynamics of TTSS activity in other pathogens.
HIV criminal prosecutions and public health: an examination of the empirical research
Authors: O'Byrne Patrick , Bryan Alyssa , Roy Marie 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo review the extant literature on HIV criminal laws, and to determine the impact of these laws on public health practice.MethodsThe available research on this topic was obtained and reviewed.ResultsThe extant literature addressed three main topics: people's awareness of HIV criminal laws; people's perceptions of HIV criminal laws; and the potential effects of HIV criminal laws on people's sexual, HIV-status disclosure and healthcare-seeking practices. Within these categories, the literature demonstrated a high level of awareness of HIV criminal laws, but a poor comprehension of these laws. For perceptions, on the whole, the quantitative research identified support for, while the qualitative literature indicated opposition to, these laws. Lastly, the behavioural effects of HIV criminal laws appear to be complex and non-linear.ConclusionsA review of the extant literature from a public health perspective leads to the conclusion that HIV criminal laws undermine public health.
Ovarian masses in children and adolescents in China: analysis of 203 cases
Authors: Liu Hongqian , Wang Xiangao , Lu Donghao , Liu Zhihong , Shi Gang 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Objective
The true incidence of ovarian tumors in children is unknown. Few studies beyond case reports and case series have been published concerning pediatric ovarian tumors. Herein we review a large number of ovarian tumor cases.

Methods
The charts of 203 patients who presented with adnexal masses were reviewed.

Results
The patient’s ranged in age from 2 to 18 years (mean = 15.6 years), with 30 being premenarchal (14.8%). The incidence of ovarian tumor increases with age, especially in patients older than 14 years. The main complaint was abdominal pain or abdominal distension in 117 patients (57.7%). A high AFP level in a pre-pubic girl with an adnexal mass is indicative of a malignant ovarian tumor. The 214 adnexal masses (11 patients had bilateral cysts) consisted of benign tumorous oophoropathy (107 masses, 50.0%), borderline and malignant tumors (29 masses, 13.6%), and nontumorous oophoropathy (78 masses, 36.5%). Of the 136 neoplasia, germ cell tumors accounted for 71.5%. Surgical intervention was performed in 98.5% of cases. There were statistically decreased blood loss, surgery duration and days of hospitalization with the laparoscopic procedure when compared with open surgery.

Conclusions
Abdominal pain is the most common complaint in young patients with adnexal masses. AFP is the most useful diagnostic biomarker of ovarian tumors in young females. Laparoscopic resection of ovarian cysts is an alternative operation approach.
Technical Advance: Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by colchicine is modulated through viscoelastic properties of subcellular compartments
Authors: Paschke Stephan , Weidner Astrid Franziska , Paust Tobias , Marti Othmar , Beil Michael , Ben-Chetrit Eldad 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTColchicine is an efficient drug for the management of inflammatory diseases, such as gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever. It affects neutrophil activity by interfering with the formation of microtubules. To test the hypothesis that therapeutic concentrations of colchicine modulate the mechanical properties of these cells, we applied a combination of biophysical techniques (optical stretching and microrheology) to analyze cellular deformability. The contribution of the subcellular compartments to the regulation of cell mechanics was determined by fitting a multicomponent model of cellular viscoelasticity to time-dependent deformation curves. Neutrophils were found to be less deformable in response to 10 ng/ml colchicine. The model-based analysis of cellular deformation revealed a decrease in cytoplasmatic elasticity and a substantial increase in both elasticity and viscosity of the cell membrane compartment in response to colchicine. These results correlate with a reduced number of cytoplasmatic microtubules and an increase in subcortical actin filaments. The latter finding was confirmed by microrheology and fluorescence microscopy. Neutrophil migration through small pores requiring substantial cellular deformations, but not through large pores, was significantly impaired by colchicine. These data demonstrate that colchicine determines mechanics of neutrophils and, thereby, motility in confined spaces, which is crucial during extravasation of neutrophils in response to inflammatory stimuli.