bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Lebensende alter Menschen aus multidisziplinärer Sicht
Authors: Kruse Andreas 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
Die Analyse der Lebenssituation des alten Menschen am Ende seines Lebens erfordert eine Integration von Theorien und Befunden aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen. Für die Genetik steht vor allem die Häufung molekularer Schädigungen aufgrund von Zellschädigungen und abnehmender genetischer Kontrolle im Zentrum, für die Medizin chronische Erkrankungen (nicht selten assoziiert mit Demenz) und Gebrechlichkeit, für die Psychologie die Verbindung von Verletzlichkeit mit seelisch-geistigen Entwicklungspotenzialen, für die Soziologie die Weitergabe von Erfahrungen in einer Generationenfolge. Diese Perspektiven werden in dem Beitrag erörtert.
Processes of Ethnic Interaction and Integration in Ethiopian History: the Case of the Agaw
Authors: Tamrat Taddesse 
Published: August 2013

The earliest documents available on the Ethiopian region, in the form of Greek and Ge'ez inscriptions, give a general picture of considerable ethnic and linguistic diversity in a relatively small area of northern Ethiopia. One of the ethnic groups referred to then and subsequently, with remarkable continuity from pre-Aksumite times until the present day, is the Agaw. Different sections of the Agaw seem to have constituted an important part of the population occupying the highland interior of northern Ethiopia from ancient times. In the early days of the gradual formation and consolidation of the Aksumite state, they seem at first to have been peripheral to the process, which was clearly dominated by the Semitic-speaking inhabitants of the area. Later, however, they assumed an increasing importance, so much so that they eventually took over political leadership, establishing the great Zagwe dynasty. The dynasty lasted for about two hundred years, and transmitted the institutions as well as the cultural and historical traditions of Aksum, almost intact, to later generations.The exact processes of this development cannot be reconstructed for those early days. Instead, this article is a preliminary attempt to understand the integration of the Agaw into the state and society of the Ethiopian empire over hundreds, even thousands of years, by considering a relatively recent period in the history of the Agaw in the northern and north-western parts of Gojjam. The considerable sense of history which the people of this area possess, going back to the time of its conquest and conversion in the seventeenth century, together with the existence of written materials for the period, provide an opportunity to study a particular example of the entry of the Agaw into the civilization of Christian Ethiopia which may throw light upon the more distant past of their ancestors.
A Commentary onLC v Peru: The CEDAW Committee's First Decision on Abortion
Authors: Ngwena Charles G 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInLC v Peru, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women held that Peru was in breach of its obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women when it denied a 13 year old girl emergency surgery as well as an abortion. This commentary discusses the human rights significance ofLC v Peru, especially in relation to the advancement of abortion jurisprudence in the African region. It is submitted thatLC v Perumakes an important contribution towards the development of abortion laws that are transparent and accountable to women, as well as responsive to equal protection under the law. The duty of states to operationalizeLC v Peruin their domestic law is an innovative juridical resource for reforming abortion laws. This is particularly so in those regions, including the African region, where the continued criminalization of abortion serves as a significant incentive for unsafe, illegal abortion.
In the Beginning of Penderecki'sParadise Lost
Authors: MURPHY SCOTT 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInstead of using Milton's famous opening lines, librettist Christopher Fry begins the text for Krzysztof Penderecki's operaParadise Lostwith the invocation that opens Book III, which alludes to acts of creation both biblical and literary. While the primordial effects of Penderecki's instrumental introduction to the opera parallel this allusion in easily discernible ways, his melodic lines used within this introduction also parallel this allusion in ways understood using recent theoretical perspectives on the composer's neo-Romantic style. These melodies exhibit a rare feature of paradoxicality, in that they are at once finite and infinite within stylistic constraints. This musical paradox corresponds to notions of paradox in accounts of cosmological creation, in a literary-operatic creation in which the author is character, and in the hypostatic union of the divine and human in Jesus Christ, a union foregrounded more in Fry's and Penderecki's opera than in Milton's original poem.
‘History As it Should Have Been’: Haunts of the Historical Sublime in John Corigliano's and William Hoffman'sThe Ghosts of Versailles
Authors: RENIHAN COLLEEN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn John Corigliano's and William Hoffman's operaThe Ghosts of Versailles(1991), generic, musical, and temporal boundaries are dissolved, and historical processes revealed, resulting in a work that performs an operatic rendering of what philosopher Frank Ankersmit has referred to as sublime historical experience. As Marie Antoinette's ghost resolves her trauma by narrativising it in performance, and as music extends and dramatises the experience of the sublime, the audience experiences profoundly the liminal realm that historically-based operas inhabit in their movement between past and present. Indeed, the temporal suspension that is so central to theories of the sublime finds parallels in opera's historical obsession with death, and in music's ability to momentarily blur the boundaries between life and death, and past and present.The Ghosts of Versaillesallows for the audience's relationship to history to be revisited, reconfigured, and in many cases, reconciled, through a haunting of the present in operatic performance.
Ankle‐Brachial Index and Cardiovascular Mortality in Nondiabetic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Bevc Sebastjan , Purg Darinka , Turnšek Nina , Hren Martin , Hojs Nina , Zorman Tadej , Pečovnik‐Balon Breda , Dvoršak Benjamin , Ekart Robert , Hojs Radovan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Low (<0.90) and high (>1.40) ankle‐brachial index (ABI) is known as a non‐invasive diagnostic marker for generalized atherosclerosis associated with higher cardiovascular (CV) mortality in the general population. Less is known about associations between ABI and CV mortality in HD patients. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of the ABI on CV mortality in nondiabetic HD patients. Fifty‐two nondiabetic HD patients (mean age 59 years, range 22 – 76 years) were enrolled in our study. Twenty‐three (44%) were women and 29 (56%) men. The ABI was determined using an automated, non‐invasive, waveform analysis device. All patients were divided according to the ABI into three groups: low ABI (<0.9), normal ABI (0.9–1.4) and high ABI (>1.4). The presence of arterial hypertension and smoking was established. Serum cholesterol (HDL and LDL) and triglycerides were measured by routine laboratory methods. Survival rates were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. The Cox regression model was used to assess the influence of the ABI on CV outcomes. The model was adjusted for age, arterial hypertension, smoking, cholesterol and triglycerides. Mean ABI value was 1.2 ± 0.3 (range 0.2–2.2). Patients were observed from the date of the ABI measurement until their death or maximally up to 1620 days. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the risk for CV death was higher for HD patients with low and high ABI compared to normal ABI (log rank test: P < 0.006; P < 0.0001). In the adjusted Cox multivariable regression model low and high ABI (P < 0.011; P < 0.003) remained predictors of mortality in our patients. The results indicate a U‐shaped association between the ABI and CV mortality in nondiabetic HD patients and showed that low and high ABI were directly associated with higher mortality of our patients.
Radiographic Assessment of Vascular Calcification, Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity, Ankle‐Brachial Index and Fibroblast Growth Factor‐23 in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Breznik Silva , Ekart Robert , Hren Martin , Rupreht Mitja , Balon Breda Pečovnik 
Published: August 2013

AbstractVascular calcification is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. In both the general population and patients with end stage renal disease, vascular calcification is related to arterial stiffness and is a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Various diagnostic methods are currently used to assess vascular calcification. There is a preference for simple, reliable methods that can be used in daily practice. Therefore, several imaging and laboratory methods are investigated. Twenty‐eight patients with mean age of 62 years on chronic hemodialysis were enrolled in the study. The mean duration of hemodialysis treatment was 70 months (range 3 to 350 months). Vascular calcification was assessed with coronary computed tomography and lateral lumbar, pelvic and hand radiographs. Vascular stiffness was evaluated using aortic pulse wave velocity and ankle‐brachial index measurements, and finally serum levels of fibroblast growth factor‐23 were followed. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between all the following parameters: coronary artery calcification score, aortic pulse wave velocity, abdominal aortic calcification score, simple vascular calcification scores in pelvis and hand. A statistically significant correlation of ankle‐brachial index >1.3 to coronary artery calcification score was found. There was no correlation between the previous parameters and fibroblast growth factor‐23. The results of our study indicate that simple imaging methods could provide confident vascular damage assessment and therefore potentially guide therapy adjustments. An association between fibroblast growth factor‐23 and the other diagnostic modalities in our study was not found.
Ascorbic Acid for the Prevention of Contrast‐Induced Nephropathy After Coronary Angiography in Patients With Chronic Renal Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dvoršak Benjamin , Kanič Vojko , Ekart Robert , Bevc Sebastjan , Hojs Radovan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTo determine the incidence of contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) and to assess the effectiveness of ascorbic acid in the prevention of CIN after coronary angiography in patients with chronic renal impairment. CIN is the third most common cause of hospital‐acquired renal failure. It is well documented that periprocedural hydration is effective in the prevention of CIN. Little data exist on the effectiveness of ascorbic acid, a vitamin with antioxidative action. Patients with stable serum creatinine level >107 μmol/L (n = 81) undergoing coronary angiography were randomized to receive either ascorbic acid (N = 40) or placebo (N = 41) before the procedure. All patients received intravenous volume expansion with normal saline before the procedure. CIN was defined as an increase of serum creatinine level >25% from baseline measured 3 to 4 days after the procedure. CIN occurred totally in 5/81 patients (6.2%); in two patients (3%) in the ascorbic acid group and in three patients (7.3%) in the placebo group (P = 0.512). Postprocedural worsening of renal function (postprocedural increase of serum creatinine level) was present in 10/81 patients (12.3%) in the ascorbic acid group and in 19/81 patients (23.4%) in the placebo group (P = 0.038). No patient required dialysis treatment. We found no statistically significant impact of ascorbic acid on the incidence of CIN in patients with chronic renal impairment undergoing coronary arteriography or angioplasty. Ascorbic acid may still have some protective role in CIN reflected in lower incidence of worsening of renal function in the treated group.
Reasons for Refusing Kidney Transplantation Among Chronic Dialysis Patients
Authors: Nizič‐Kos Tea , Ponikvar Anja , Buturović‐Ponikvar Jadranka 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of the prospective clinical study was to evaluate the reasons for refusing kidney transplantation among chronic dialysis patients. A total of 164 adult chronic dialysis patients participated in the study. They were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire on specific issues regarding transplantation. The mean age was 60.9 ± 16.0 (20–89) years, 61.6% were male, 11.6% had had a previous transplant. The majority, that is, 72.0%, of the patients believed that transplantation improved the quality of life, and 55.5% believed that transplantation prolonged life. Nevertheless, 45.0% of the patients wanted to be transplanted, 35.0% refused transplantation, and 20.0% were undecided. Patients refusing transplantation were significantly older compared to the patients wanting to be transplanted (67 ± 16 vs. 57 ± 16 years; P < 0.001). The main reasons for refusing transplantation (57 patients) were the side‐effects of immunosuppressive therapy (31.6%), unpredictability of transplant outcome (29.8%), and unfavorable outcomes in fellow patients (28.1%). The side‐effects of immunosuppressive therapy that patients were most concerned about included mobility problems (29.8%), new‐onset diabetes (26.3%), increased risk of severe infections (26.3%), problems with vision (22.8%), and increased risk of cancer (21.1%). Many patients did not want to accept organs from expanded criteria donors (ECD) (44.6% of the patients wanting and 64.9% of those refusing transplantation). The majority believed that patients should be informed if an organ from an ECD donor is being offered (64.9% of patients wanting and 63.2% of those refusing transplantation). The main reasons for refusing kidney transplantation were the side‐effects of immunosuppressive therapy, unpredictability of transplant outcome, and unfavorable outcomes in fellow patients.
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 April 2013–31 May 2013
Authors:   Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, Agostini Cecilia , Albaladejo R. G. , Aparicio A. , Arthofer Wolfgang , Berrebi P. , Boag Peter T. , Carbone Ignazio , Conroy Gabriel C. , Cortesero A. M. , Costa Gonçalves Evonnildo , Costa Diogo , Couto Alvarina , De Girolamo MIrko , Du Hao , Fu Shi‐Jian , Garrido‐Garduño T. , Gettová L. , Gilles A. , Guerreiro Hamoy Igor , Herrera C. M. , Heussler Carina , Isidro Eduardo , Josso C. , Krapf Patrick , Lamont Robert W. , Le Ralec A. , Lopes Susana , Luís Carla , Luo Hui , Mahéo F. , Marino Ilaria A. M. , Mieuzet L. , Murray Brent W. , Ogbourne Steven M. , Pallavicini Alberto , Parejo‐Farnés C. , Patarnello Tomaso , Paty C. , Pereira Carolina , Pinho Catarina , Pinto Pablo , Poinsot D. , Powell Adrienne , Putman Alexander I. , Santoro André , Santos Sidney , Schlick‐Steiner Birgit C. , Scott Candace , Silvanira Barbosa Maria , Šimková A. , Simon J.‐C. , Solé‐Cava Antonio , Steiner Florian M. , Sun Zhengxin , Torboli Valentina , Tredway Lane P. , Van Coeverden de Groot Peter J. , Vasconcellos Anderson , Vázquez‐Domínguez E. , Wang Deng‐Qiang , Wang Yu‐Xiang , Wei Qi‐Wei , Zane Lorenzo , Zhang Shu‐Huan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article documents the addition of 234 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acipenser sinensis, Aleochara bilineata, Aleochara bipustulata, Barbus meridionalis, Colossoma macropomum, Delia radicum, Drosophila nigrosparsa, Fontainea picrosperma, Helianthemum cinereum, Liomys pictus, Megabalanus azoricus, Pelteobagrus vachelli, Pleuragramma antarcticum, Podarcis hispanica type 1A, Sardinella brasiliensis and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Acipenser dabryanus, Barbus balcanicus, Barbus barbus, Barbus cyclolepis, Drosophila hydei, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila obscura, Drosophila subobscura, Fontainea australis, Fontainea fugax, Fontainea oraria, Fontainea rostrata, Fontainea venosa, Podarcis bocagei, Podarcis carbonelli, Podarcis liolepis, Podarcis muralis and Podarcis vaucheri.
Comparison of relative TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression level of disease and healthy gingival tissue of smoking and non‐smoking patients and periodontally healthy control patients
Authors: Fatemi K , Radvar M , Rezaee A , Rafatpanah H , Azangoo khiavi H , Dadpour Y , Radvar N 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptors are a family of sensor proteins that induce the inflammatory diseases in context of microbial infection. The role of these proteins in periodontal disease and their interaction with smoking status are yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on gene expression of toll like receptor 2 (TLR‐2) and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4) in patients with periodontitis.MethodsRNAs were extracted from gingival biopsies of healthy sites (no bleeding on probing and pocket depth ≤3 mm) as well as diseased sites (with bleeding on probing and pocket depth ≥5 mm) of 20 smoker and 17 non‐smoker subjects with chronic periodontitis. Gingival biopsies from eight periodontally healthy, never‐smoker subjects served as control. Real‐time PCR was carried out to evaluate the relative quantities of TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 mRNA concentrations.ResultsRegardless of smoking status, the relative expression levels of TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 were significantly greater (about 3 fold) at diseased sites compared to healthy sites of patients with periodontitis and healthy controls (p < 0.05). In sites with periodontitis, smoking caused an increase of about 6.5 fold in mRNA levels of TLR‐4 in gingival tissue (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough periodontitis might significantly increase TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 gene expression in gingival tissues, smoking habit in periodontitis subjects could selectively potentiate TLR‐4 gene expression.
Application of chlorhexidine, fluoride and artificial saliva during radiotherapy: an in vitro study of microleakage in Class V restorations
Authors: López Jornet P , Camacho Alonso F , Molina Miñano F 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on microleakage in Class V restorations of daily applications of artificial saliva, fluoride mouthrinses and chlorhexidine to irradiated bovine teeth.MethodsClass V cavities were created in 60 bovine teeth. The teeth were divided randomly into two groups: the first group (n = 30) was subjected to radiotherapy until the teeth had received a total accumulated dose of 60 Gy; the second group (n = 30) was used as a control group. Both groups were divided into three subgroups (n = 10): in Group A teeth were submerged in Xeros Dentaid® artificial saliva; Group B teeth were submerged in a solution of 1% amine fluoride; Group C teeth were submerged in 0.12% chlorhexidine. All treatments were applied three times a day for six weeks. Afterwards microleakage into the composite restorations was measured using MIP4 image software.ResultsIt was seen that radiation caused increases in microleakage in composite restorations. Statistically significant differences were found in the artificial saliva group (p = 0.013) and the chlorhexidine group (p = 0.023).ConclusionsMicroleakage in composite restorations was greater among radiated teeth.
Measurement of heat and moisture exchanger efficiency
Authors: Chandler M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDeciding between a passive heat and moisture exchanger or active humidification depends upon the level of humidification that either will deliver. Published international standards dictate that active humidifiers should deliver a minimum humidity of 33 mg.l−1; however, no such requirement exists, for heat and moisture exchangers. Anaesthetists instead have to rely on information provided by manufacturers, which may not allow comparison of different devices and their clinical effectiveness. I suggest that measurement of humidification efficiency, being the percentage moisture returned and determined by measuring the temperature of the respired gases, should be mandated, and report a modification of the standard method that will allow this to be easily measured. In this study, different types of heat and moisture exchangers for adults, children and patients with a tracheostomy were tested. Adult and paediatric models lost between 6.5 mg.l−1 and 8.5 mg.l−1 moisture (corresponding to an efficiency of around 80%); however, the models designed for patients with a tracheostomy lost between 16 mg.l−1 and 18 mg.l−1 (60% efficiency). I propose that all heat and moisture exchangers should be tested in this manner and percentage efficiency reported to allow an informed choice between different types and models.
The role of native woody species in the restoration of Campos Rupestres in quarries
Authors: Le Stradic Soizig , Buisson Elise , Negreiros Daniel , Campagne Pascal , Wilson Fernandes Geraldo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractQuestionsCan shrub and tree seedlings be reintroduced into an extremely harsh environment through transplantation? Does the growth strategy of species affect their survival? What factors influence transplantation success? Do transplanted species influence their immediate vicinity, e.g. promote native species colonization?LocationCampos Rupestres, Minas Gerais, Brazil.MethodsWe studied the reintroduction of four native tree and 14 native shrub species. Their transplantation success (survival, growth and reproduction) and their impact on their immediate vicinity (understorey composition, soil surface indicators, e.g. cover of moss, biological crust, bare ground, litter, herbaceous cover and soil characteristics) were assessed 4.5 yrs after transplantation.ResultsWhile some transplanted species had low survival (<30%), half of them had survival of >78% 4.5 yrs after transplantation. Plant growth was barely correlated with transplantation success in such a harsh environment. Transplanted species did not influence soil and understorey plant composition but significantly impacted soil surface indicators. The shrub species with higher survival usually allowed establishment of an understorey herbaceous cover, which may increase soil erosion control. This is also true for some species for which the survival was <40%: Diplusodon orbicularis (survival: 39%) and Lavoisiera campos‐portoana (37%). Crown volume had a direct effect on light reaching the soil (e.g. Jacaranda caroba or Collaea cipoensis had a less dense canopy more permeable to light, allowing the development of understorey species). On the other hand, crown volume was positively correlated with amount of litter: Fabaceae, e.g. Chamaecrista semaphora and Mimosa foliolosa, had denser canopy and produced a thick layer of litter, limiting herbaceous species establishment. Three tree species (Enterolobium ellipticum, Kielmeyera petiolaris and Zeyhera tuberculosa) neither had high survival nor facilitated establishment of herbaceous cover. The layout and spacing of species and individuals must thus be considered carefully to ensure recolonization by native shrub and herbaceous species.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the practical efficiency of using some species native to harsh tropical ecosystems, e.g. Campos Rupestres, to restore quarry ecosystems in terms of their transplantation success, effects on both the establishment of herbaceous species and soil conservation.