bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portal Vein Thrombosis After Hepatectomy
Authors: Yoshiya Shohei , Shirabe Ken , Nakagawara Hidekazu , Soejima Yuji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Ikegami Toru , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Harimoto Norifumi , Nishie Akihiro , Yamanaka Takeharu , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough various complications after hepatectomy have been reported, there have been no large studies on postoperative portal vein thrombosis (PVT) as a complication. This study evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of PVT after hepatectomy.MethodsThe preoperative and postoperative clinical characteristics of patients who underwent hepatectomy were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 208 patients were reviewed. The incidence of PVT after hepatectomy was 9.1 % (n = 19), including main portal vein (MPV) thrombosis (n = 7) and peripheral portal vein (PPV) thrombosis (n = 12). Patients with MPV thrombosis had a significantly higher incidence of right hepatectomy (p < 0.001), larger resection volume (p = 0.003), and longer operation time (p = 0.021) than patients without PVT (n = 189). Multivariate analysis identified right hepatectomy as a significant independent risk factor for MPV thrombosis (odds ratio 108.9; p < 0.001). Patients with PPV thrombosis had a significantly longer duration of Pringle maneuver than patients without PVT (p = 0.002). Among patients who underwent right hepatectomy, those with PVT (n = 6) had a significantly lower early liver regeneration rate than those without PVT (n = 13; p = 0.040), and those with PVT had deterioration of liver function on postoperative day 7. In all patients with MPV thrombosis who received anticoagulation therapy, PVT subsequently resolved.ConclusionsPostoperative PVT after hepatectomy is not rare. It is closely related to delayed recovery of liver function and delayed liver regeneration.
Metabolic biology of 3‐methylglutaconic acid‐uria: a new perspective
Authors: Su Betty , Ryan Robert O. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOver the past 25 years a growing number of distinct syndromes/mutations associated with compromised mitochondrial function have been identified that share a common feature: urinary excretion of 3‐methylglutaconic acid (3MGA). In the leucine degradation pathway, carboxylation of 3‐methylcrotonyl CoA leads to formation of 3‐methylglutaconyl CoA while 3‐methylglutaconyl CoA hydratase converts this metabolite to 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA). In “primary” 3MGA‐uria, mutations in the hydratase are directly responsible for the accumulation of 3MGA. On the other hand, in all “secondary” 3MGA‐urias, no defect in leucine catabolism exists and the metabolic origin of 3MGA is unknown. Herein, a path to 3MGA from mitochondrial acetyl CoA is proposed. The pathway is initiated when syndrome‐associated mutations/DNA deletions result in decreased Krebs cycle flux. When this occurs, acetoacetyl CoA thiolase condenses two acetyl CoA into acetoacetyl CoA plus CoASH. Subsequently, HMG CoA synthase 2 converts acetoacetyl CoA and acetyl CoA to HMG CoA. Under syndrome‐specific metabolic conditions, 3‐methylglutaconyl CoA hydratase converts HMG CoA into 3‐methylglutaconyl CoA in a reverse reaction of the leucine degradation pathway. This metabolite fails to proceed further up the leucine degradation pathway owing to the kinetic properties of 3‐methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase. Instead, hydrolysis of the CoA moiety of 3‐methylglutaconyl CoA generates 3MGA, which appears in urine. If experimentally confirmed, this pathway provides an explanation for the occurrence of 3MGA in multiple disorders associated with compromised mitochondrial function.
Severity of Spatial Neglect During Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Predicts Community Mobility After Stroke
Authors: Oh‐Park Mooyeon , Hung Cynthia , Chen Peii , Barrett A.M. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo examine whether stroke survivors with more severe spatial neglect during their acute inpatient rehabilitation had poorer mobility after returning to their communities.DesignA prospective observational study.SettingAcute inpatient rehabilitation and follow‐up in the community.ParticipantsThirty‐one consecutive stroke survivors with right‐brain damage (women, n = 15 [48.4%]), with the mean (standard deviation) age of 60 ± 11.5 years, were included in the study if they demonstrated spatial neglect within 2 months after stroke.MethodsSpatial neglect was assessed with the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT) (range, 0‐146 [a lower score indicates more severity]) and the Catherine Bergego Scale (range, 0‐30 [a higher score indicates more severity]). A score of the Behavioral Inattention Test <129 or of the Catherine Bergego Scale >0 defined the presence of spatial neglect.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe outcome measure is community mobility, defined by the extent and frequency of traveling within the home and in the community, and is assessed with the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life‐Space Assessment (range, 0‐120 [a lower score indicates less mobile]). This measure was assessed after participants returned home ≥6 months after stroke. The covariates were age, gender, functional independence at baseline; follow‐up interval; and depressed mood, which may affect the relationship between spatial neglect and community mobility.ResultsA lower Behavioral Inattention Test score was a significant predictor of a lower Life‐Space Assessment score after controlling for all the covariates (β = 0.009 [95% confidence interval, 0.008‐0.017]); P = .020). The proportion of participants unable to travel independently beyond their homes was 0%, 27.3%, and 72.7% for those with mild, moderate, and severe acute neglect, respectively (Catherine Bergego Scale range, 1‐10, 11‐20, and 21‐30, respectively).ConclusionsOur result indicates that acute spatial neglect has a negative impact on regaining of functional mobility in the community. Specific screening and treatment of spatial neglect during acute stroke care may be necessary to improve long‐term mobility recovery.
Mirror Visual Feedback for Phantom Pain: International Experience on Modalities and Adverse Effects Discussed by an Expert Panel: A Delphi Study
Authors: Hagenberg Annegret , Carpenter Christine 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundMirror visual feedback (mirror therapy) is practiced worldwide in very different ways to alleviate phantom pain; no study has compared these variations yet or researched the associated risk and harm.ObjectivesTo establish use and justification of a generally accepted mirror visual feedback treatment plan after amputation; to explore the occurrence and handling of adverse effects; and to increase knowledge about contributing factors.MethodsExperiential knowledge of 13 experienced practitioners from 6 countries and 5 professions was explored with a 3‐round Delphi technique.ResultsExperience with the use of 5 different treatment plans was described, of which 1 has never been mentioned in the literature: an intense 1‐off plan in which the illusion was carefully set up before the patient was left to the experience with no interference, resolving pain as well as adverse effects. In the 4 known treatment plans, the expectations of response time varied, which influenced the definition of responders/nonresponders; the set‐ups, control, and use of material reflected the professional background of the practitioners. Contraindications also were defined according to the professional confidence to deal with the adverse effects. Adverse effects were reported, including emotional reactions, pain increase, sensory changes, freezing of the phantom limb, dizziness, and sweating. The attitude toward, and the handling of, adverse effects varied in patients as in practitioners according to their professional background. A tool to fine tune the experience was reported with covering of the limb during therapy. Full consensus was reached on several treatment modalities.ConclusionAnalysis of the results suggests that the different treatment plans suit different patients and practitioners. Matching these could enhance effectiveness and compliance. Knowledge about adverse effects needs to inform treatment decisions. These findings triggered the development of a mirror visual feedback gateway to guide patients to the treatment plan for their needs, and to collect data from the practitioners to enhance neuroscientific understanding and inform practice.
Tetralogy of Fallot: epidemiology meets real-world management: lessons from the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study
Authors: Nies Melanie , Brenner Joel I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDecades ago, mass-scale epidemiologic studies were undertaken to accurately describe the prevalence of congenital heart disease and associated malformations, and to identify inheritance patterns, teratogenic influence and aetiologic underpinnings. Despite phenomenal breakthroughs in molecular diagnosis of congenital heart disease, original population-based studies for detailed knowledge of prevalence, associated malformations, and appropriate patient and family counselling remain invaluable to the armamentarium and knowledge base of paediatric cardiologists. No modern-era studies have supplanted the importance of the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study undertaken from 1981 to 1989. In this article, we reprise the findings of the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study in tetralogy of Fallot, as well as to review current molecular diagnosis.
Modern surgical management of patients with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Chai Paul J. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Quintessenza James A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic heart defect seen in children beyond infancy. There is considerable variation in surgical management today ranging from differences in timing of complete repair versus initial use of a shunt for palliation, and methods for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. This article will examine some of the current surgical management techniques for patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.
The role of cardiac catheterisation in patients with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Stapleton Gary E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCardiac catheterisation plays an important role in the management of patients with tetralogy of Fallot. There are a number of palliative transcatheter interventions that can be performed in the neonatal period to allow for improved oxygen saturations and interval growth of the pulmonary arteries until corrective surgery is performed. Most patients develop branch pulmonary artery stenosis, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, pulmonary insufficiency, or significant residual left-to-right shunts during long-term follow-up after corrective surgery. Transcatheter interventions can be performed to treat many of these issues, often eliminating or delaying the need for subsequent surgery. The indications for cardiac catheterisation and the specifics for various interventional procedures for patients with tetralogy of Fallot are reviewed in this manuscript.
Mediation of parental educational level on fruit and vegetable intake among schoolchildren in ten European countries
Authors: Lehto Elviira , Ray Carola , te Velde Saskia , Petrova Stefka , Duleva Vesselka , Krawinkel Michael , Behrendt Isabel , Papadaki Angeliki , Kristjansdottir Asa , Thorsdottir Inga , Yngve Agneta , Lien Nanna , Lynch Christel , Ehrenblad Bettina , Vaz de Almeida Maria Daniel , Ribic Cirila Hlastan , Simčic Irena , Roos Eva 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine which factors act as mediators between parental educational level and children's fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake in ten European countries.DesignCross-sectional data were collected in ten European countries participating in the PRO GREENS project (2009). Schoolchildren completed a validated FFQ about their daily F&V intake and filled in a questionnaire about availability of F&V at home, parental facilitation of F&V intake, knowledge of recommendations about F&V intake, self-efficacy to eat F&V and liking for F&V. Parental educational level was determined from a questionnaire given to parents. The associations were examined with multilevel mediation analyses.SettingSchools in Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Greece, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden.SubjectsEleven-year-old children (n 8159, response rate 72%) and their parents.ResultsIn five of the ten countries, children with higher educated parents were more likely to report eating fruits daily. This association was mainly mediated by knowledge but self-efficacy, liking, availability and facilitation also acted as mediators in some countries. Parents’ education was positively associated with their children's daily vegetable intake in seven countries, with knowledge and availability being the strongest mediators and self-efficacy and liking acting as mediators to some degree.ConclusionsParental educational level correlated positively with children's daily F&V intake in most countries and the pattern of mediation varied among the participating countries. Future intervention studies that endeavour to decrease the educational-level differences in F&V intake should take into account country-specific features in the relevant determinants of F&V intake.
Aerobic nitrous oxide production through N-nitrosating hybrid formation in ammonia-oxidizing archaea
Authors: Stieglmeier Michaela , Mooshammer Maria , Kitzler Barbara , Wanek Wolfgang , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Richter Andreas , Schleper Christa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Soil emissions are largely responsible for the increase of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere and are generally attributed to the activity of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. However, the contribution of the recently discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) to N2O production from soil is unclear as is the mechanism by which they produce it. Here we investigate the potential of Nitrososphaera viennensis, the first pure culture of AOA from soil, to produce N2O and compare its activity with that of a marine AOA and an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) from soil. N. viennensis produced N2O at a maximum yield of 0.09% N2O per molecule of nitrite under oxic growth conditions. N2O production rates of 4.6±0.6 amol N2O cell−1 h−1 and nitrification rates of 2.6±0.5 fmol NO2− cell−1 h−1 were in the same range as those of the AOB Nitrosospira multiformis and the marine AOA Nitrosopumilus maritimus grown under comparable conditions. In contrast to AOB, however, N2O production of the two archaeal strains did not increase when the oxygen concentration was reduced, suggesting that they are not capable of denitrification. In 15N-labeling experiments we provide evidence that both ammonium and nitrite contribute equally via hybrid N2O formation to the N2O produced by N. viennensis under all conditions tested. Our results suggest that archaea may contribute to N2O production in terrestrial ecosystems, however, they are not capable of nitrifier-denitrification and thus do not produce increasing amounts of the greenhouse gas when oxygen becomes limiting.
Non-classicality of the molecular vibrations assisting exciton energy transfer at room temperature
Authors: O’Reilly Edward J. , Olaya-Castro Alexandra 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAdvancing the debate on quantum effects in light-initiated reactions in biology requires clear identification of non-classical features that these processes can exhibit and utilize. Here we show that in prototype dimers present in a variety of photosynthetic antennae, efficient vibration-assisted energy transfer in the sub-picosecond timescale and at room temperature can manifest and benefit from non-classical fluctuations of collective pigment motions. Non-classicality of initially thermalized vibrations is induced via coherent exciton–vibration interactions and is unambiguously indicated by negativities in the phase–space quasi-probability distribution of the effective collective mode coupled to the electronic dynamics. These quantum effects can be prompted upon incoherent input of excitation. Our results therefore suggest that investigation of the non-classical properties of vibrational motions assisting excitation and charge transport, photoreception and chemical sensing processes could be a touchstone for revealing a role for non-trivial quantum phenomena in biology.
Transendothelial migration of effector T cells across inflamed endothelial barriers does not require heparan sulfate proteoglycans
Authors: Stoler-Barak Liat , Barzilai Sagi , Zauberman Ayelet , Alon Ronen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Leukocyte diapedesis is a chemotactic multistep process that requires optimal chemoattractant presentation by the endothelial barrier. Recent studies have described a critical role for heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) in the presentation and functions of chemokines essential for lymphocyte interactions with the lymph node vasculature. We wished to test whether HS expression by a prototypic endothelial cell type, i.e. human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), is critical for their ability to support neutrophil and lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration (TEM) under shear flow. We found that HUVECs deposit HS GAGs mainly at their basolateral compartments in both their resting and inflamed states. We next inactivated the key enzyme involved in HS biosynthesis, exostosin-1 (Ext1). Silencing Ext1 resulted in a complete loss of HS biosynthesis; nonetheless, TNF-α and IL-1β stimulation of key adhesion molecules and inflammatory chemokines necessary for neutrophil or lymphocyte adhesion and TEM remained intact. Ext1 silencing reduced neutrophil arrest and markedly impaired TEM, consistent with a role of basolateral HS GAGs in directing neutrophil crossing of inflamed endothelial barriers. Strikingly, however, the TEM of effector T cells across identically Ext1-silenced HUVECs remained normal. Importantly, the biosynthesis of the main promigratory chemokines for effector T cells and neutrophils, respectively, CCL2 and CXCL1, and their vesicle distributions were also Ext1 independent. These results suggest that transmigrating neutrophils must respond to chemokines transiently presented by apical and basolateral endothelial HS GAGs. In contrast, effector T cells can integrate chemotactic TEM signals directly from intra-endothelial chemokine stores rather than from externally deposited chemokines.
Computational identification of miRNAs, their targets and functions in three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Chaturvedi Anurag , Raeymaekers Joost A. M. , Volckaert Filip A. M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn intriguing question in biology is how the evolution of gene regulation is shaped by natural selection in natural populations. Among the many known regulatory mechanisms, regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is of critical importance. However, our understanding of their evolution in natural populations is limited. Studying the role of miRNAs in three‐spined stickleback, an important natural model for speciation research, may provide new insights into adaptive polymorphisms. However, lack of annotation of miRNAgenes in its genome is a bottleneck. To fill this research gap, we used the genome of three‐spined stickleback to predict miRNAs and their targets. We predicted 1486 mature miRNAs using the homology‐based miRNAprediction approach. We then performed functional annotation and enrichment analysis of these targets, which identified over‐represented motifs. Further, a database resource (GAmiRdb) has been developed for dynamically searching miRNAs and their targets exclusively in three‐spined stickleback. Finally, the database was used in two case studies focusing on freshwater adaptation in natural populations. In the first study, we found 44 genomic regions overlapping with predicted miRNAtargets. In the second study, we identified twoSNPs altering theMREseed site of sperm‐specific glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate gene. These findings highlight the importance of theGAmiRdb knowledge base in understanding adaptive evolution.
Performance of individual vs. group sampling for inferring dispersal under isolation‐by‐distance
Authors: Luximon N. , Petit E. J. , Broquet T. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractModels of isolation‐by‐distance formalize the effects of genetic drift and gene flow in a spatial context where gene dispersal is spatially limited. These models have been used to show that, at an appropriate spatial scale, dispersal parameters can be inferred from the regression of genetic differentiation against geographic distance between sampling locations. This approach is compelling because it is relatively simple and robust and has rather low sampling requirements. In continuous populations, dispersal can be inferred from isolation‐by‐distance patterns using either individuals or groups as sampling units. Intrigued by empirical findings where individual samples seemed to provide more power, we used simulations to compare the performances of the two methods in a range of situations with different dispersal distributions. We found that sampling individuals provide more power in a range of dispersal conditions that is narrow but fits many realistic situations. These situations were characterized not only by the general steepness of isolation‐by‐distance but also by the intrinsic shape of the dispersal kernel. The performances of the two approaches are otherwise similar, suggesting that the choice of a sampling unit is globally less important than other settings such as a study's spatial scale.
A dual role for integrin‐linked kinase and β1‐integrin in modulating cardiac aging
Authors: Nishimura Mayuko , Kumsta Caroline , Kaushik Gaurav , Diop Soda B. , Ding Yun , Bisharat‐Kernizan Jumana , Catan Hannah , Cammarato Anthony , Ross Robert S. , Engler Adam J. , Bodmer Rolf , Hansen Malene , Ocorr Karen 
Published: January 2014

SummaryCardiac performance decreases with age, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in the aging human population, but the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac aging are still poorly understood. Investigating the role of integrin‐linked kinase (ilk) and β1‐integrin (myospheroid, mys) in Drosophila, which colocalize near cardiomyocyte contacts and Z‐bands, we find that reduced ilk or mys function prevents the typical changes of cardiac aging seen in wildtype, such as arrhythmias. In particular, the characteristic increase in cardiac arrhythmias with age is prevented in ilk and mys heterozygous flies with nearly identical genetic background, and they live longer, in line with previous findings in Caenorhabditis elegans for ilk and in Drosophila for mys. Consistent with these findings, we observed elevated β1‐integrin protein levels in old compared with young wild‐type flies, and cardiac‐specific overexpression of mys in young flies causes aging‐like heart dysfunction. Moreover, moderate cardiac‐specific knockdown of integrin‐linked kinase (ILK)/integrin pathway‐associated genes also prevented the decline in cardiac performance with age. In contrast, strong cardiac knockdown of ilk or ILK‐associated genes can severely compromise cardiac integrity, including cardiomyocyte adhesion and overall heart function. These data suggest that ilk/mys function is necessary for establishing and maintaining normal heart structure and function, and appropriate fine‐tuning of this pathway can retard the age‐dependent decline in cardiac performance and extend lifespan. Thus, ILK/integrin‐associated signaling emerges as an important and conserved genetic mechanism in longevity, and as a new means to improve age‐dependent cardiac performance, in addition to its vital role in maintaining cardiac integrity.