bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal to modify the International Union Against Cancer staging system for perihilar cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Ebata T , Kosuge T , Hirano S , Unno M , Yamamoto M , Miyazaki M , Kokudo N , Miyagawa S , Takada T , Nagino M 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
The International Union Against Cancer (UICC) staging system for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma changed in 2009. The aim of this study was to validate and optimize the UICC system for these tumours.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted in eight Japanese hospitals between 2001 and 2010. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma was defined as a cholangiocarcinoma that involves the hilar bile duct, independent of the presence or absence of a liver mass component. The stratification ability of the UICC tumour node metastasis (TNM) system was compared with that of a modified system.

Results
Of 1352 patients, 35·9, 44·8 and 12·6 per cent had Bismuth type IV tumours, nodal metastasis (N1) and distant metastasis (M1) respectively. T4 tumours (43·2 per cent) and stage IVA (T4 Nany M0; 36·3 per cent) disease were most common. Survival was not significantly different between patients with T3versus T4 tumours (P = 0·284). Survival for patients with stage IVA disease was comparable to that for patients with stage IIIB tumours (T1–3 N1 M0) (P = 0·426). Vascular invasion, pancreatic invasion, positive margin, N1 and M1 status were identified as independent predictors of survival. When Bismuth type IV tumours were removed from the T4 determinants and N1 tumours grouped together, the modified grouping had a higher linear trend χ2 and likelihood ratio χ2 compared with the original system (245·6 versus 170·3 respectively and 255·8 versus 209·3 respectively).

Conclusion
The present data suggest that minimal modification with removal of Bismuth type IV tumours from the T4 determinants and bundling of N1 disease may enhance the prognostic ability of the UICC system. However, this requires validation on an independent data set.
Integrating standard operating procedures and industry notebook standards to evaluate students in laboratory courses
Authors: Wallert Mark A. , Provost Joseph J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTo enhance the preparedness of graduates from the Biochemistry and Biotechnology (BCBT) Major at Minnesota State University Moorhead for employment in the bioscience industry we have developed a new Industry certificate program. The BCBT Industry Certificate was developed to address specific skill sets that local, regional, and national industry experts identified as lacking in new B.S. and B.A. biochemistry graduates. The industry certificate addresses concerns related to working in a regulated industry such as Good Laboratory Practices, Good Manufacturing Practices, and working in a Quality System. In this article we specifically describe how we developed a validation course that uses Standard Operating Procedures to describe grading policy and laboratory notebook requirements in an effort to better prepare students to transition into industry careers. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(1):41–49, 2014.
Construction of Long‐Time Series of Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation with F10.7 and Mg II
Authors: Fu‐Xiang HUANG , Yue JIANG , Guang‐Dong HUANG , Xiao‐Xin ZHANG 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper compares and evaluates the representation of F10.7 and Mg II as the proxies of EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) using the observations of solar EUV from 1996 to 2008 by SOHO (Solar and Helospheric Observatory)/SEM (Solar EUV Monitor), and the results show that the conclusion put forward by Viereck et al., i.e., Mg II is a better proxy than F10.7, cannot be supported. We have established the two‐factor MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimate) method to construct EUV calculation model through comparing the multiple regression calculation results of the two parameters, and the comparison between the calculated results using the model and the observations using SEM shows that this model could be used to reconstruct EUV data series. We have constructed the solar EUV radiation data set from November 1978 using this mode.
Precise and Rapid Recovery of the Earth's Gravitational Field by the Next‐Generation Four‐Satellite Cartwheel Formation System
Authors: Wei ZHENG , Hou‐Tse HSU , Min ZHONG , Cheng‐Shu LIU , Mei‐Juan YUN 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFirstly, the orbital stability design of the next‐generation gravity satellite formation is very important for precisely developing the Earth gravity field model with high spatial resolution. Therefore, for the sake of guaranteeing the stability of the next‐generation Four‐Satellite Cartwheel Formation (FSCF), the optimal design of the orbital elements is proposed as follows: (1) the semimajor axis a, orbital eccentricity e, orbital inclination i and longitude of ascending node Ω keep invariant; (2) the argument of perigee ω and mean anomaly M need to have a discrepancy of 180°, respectively; (3) the initial argument of perigee ω should be set at the equator, and the initial mean anomaly must be designed at the poles; (4) the ratio between semimajor and semiminor axes from the elliptical orbit of the satellite formation system is 2:1. Secondly, the Earth's gravitational field from the next‐generation FSCF complete up to degree and order 120 is accurately and rapid recovered based on the intersatellite range‐rate interpolation method using the correlation coefficients (0.85 in intersatellite range‐rate of the interferometric laser ranging system, 0.95 in orbital position and velocity of the GPS receiver, and 0.90 in non‐conservative force of the accelerometer), an observation time of 30 days and a sampling interval of 10 s, and cumulative geoid height error is 1.162×10−4 m at degree 120, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than the accuracy of the Earth's gravitational field from GRACE. Finally, the advantages of the next‐generation FSCF are the lower orbital altitude, the higher observation accuracy, the full‐tensor observations, the weak aliasing effects, and the strong time‐varying signals.
A New Algorithm of Full‐Time‐Domain of Inverse Transformation from the Transient Electromagnetic Diffuse Field into the Fictitious Seismic Wave Field
Authors: Zhi‐Peng QI , Xiu LI , Qiong WU , Huai‐Feng SUN , Zeng‐Lin YANG 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTo realize 3D transient electromagnetic (TEM) inversion, we can transform the diffuse equations of TEM into wave equations, and then make pseudo wave imaging of TEM using seismic imaging methods. For such a transformation, we adopt the preconditioned regularization conjugate gradient method to solve inverse transformation of the wave field. First, we compare several ways of discretization, and use the one with least condition number to make discretization of the equations. Then, we choose the optimal regularization parameters to make the wave field from inverse transform stable and reliable, and use the super‐relaxation pre‐conditioned method to process the coefficient matrix to reduce its condition number. Finally, we employ the conjugate gradient method (RCG) to conduct iterative solving with a fast convergence. The comparison of inverse transformation results with known fictitious wave field functions shows that the algorithm is stable and convincing. Comparison with previous studies and application to real data indicate that the method suggested in this paper is correct and effective. Combined with the algorithm of inverse transformation, we also analyze the models with varied parameters and summarize the propagation rules of the fictitious seismic wave field in dispersion media.
Low‐Dose Aspirin Ameliorated Hyperlipidemia, Adhesion Molecule, and Chemokine Production Induced by High‐Fat Diet in Sprague‐Dawley Rats
Authors: Lin Hui‐Li , Yen Hsueh‐Wei , Hsieh Su‐Ling , An Li‐Mei , Shen Kuo‐Ping 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

In this study the effects of low‐dose aspirin (5 mg/kg) on adhesion molecule and chemokine expression in a hyperlipidemic rat model. Six‐week‐old Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to two control groups receiving either a regular diet or high‐fat diet (HFD) and a treatment group fed HFD with 5 mg/kg aspirin for a 10‐week period. Compared with the regular diet control group, the HFD control group had higher body weight, lower levels of high‐density lipoprotein, higher concentrations of insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein, but no differences in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were clearly shortened in the HFD group. That group also had increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), ICAM‐2, ICAM‐3, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and P‐selectin in platelets and vascular adhesion protein‐1 in lymphocyte and in aorta increased expressions of ICAM‐1, ICAM‐2, ICAM‐3, VCAM, PECAM, E‐selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and CCR2. The HFD rats also had increased PKCα, IκB kinase α (IKKα), p65, mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p38, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases 1, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2), and their phosphorylated forms. Low‐dose aspirin improved HFD‐induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia, recovered PT and aPTT, inhibited upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines and reduced expression of PKCα, IKKα, p65, and MAPKs. Low‐dose aspirin ameliorates HFD‐induced hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, and prevents HFD‐induced expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine formation.
Diagnostic role of core needle biopsy in cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Ryu Yoon‐Jong , Cha Wonjae , Jeong Woo‐Jin , Choi Sang Il , Ahn Soon‐Hyun 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of core needle biopsy (CNB) compared to fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in cervical lymphadenopathy.MethodsThis consecutive case series enrolled 208 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were evaluated and the necessity of an additional open biopsy was compared.ResultsThe sensitivity and NPV for critical disease (lymphoma, carcinoma, and tuberculosis) were significantly higher with CNB (p = .006, p = .001, respectively) than with FNAC. In the analysis based on specific disease, the sensitivity of CNB was statistically significantly higher (p = .009) for the diagnosis of lymphoma. The rate of open biopsy for confirmative diagnosis was significantly lower with CNB (p = .014).ConclusionCNB is beneficial for initial examination in cervical lymphadenopathy and showed higher sensitivity and NPV than FNAC. It is especially useful for screening for lymphoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 229‐233, 2015
MicroRNA‐149 Negatively Regulates TLR‐Triggered Inflammatory Response in Macrophages by Targeting MyD88
Authors: Xu Guangxian , Zhang Zhaobo , Xing Yiwen , Wei Jun , Ge Zhaohui , Liu Xiaoming , Zhang Ying , Huang Xuelan 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be important regulators of TLR signaling pathway at the post‐transcriptional level. In this study, the potential role of miR‐149 was explored in murine alveolar macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Our results demonstrated a dynamic change of the expressions of miR‐149 expression and MyD88 in macrophage RAW264.7 upon Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette‐Guerlin (BCG) infection or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The presence of BCG or LPS dynamically reduced the miR‐149 expression, along with a substantially striking increase of MyD88 expression in these cells. More importantly, overexpression of miR‐149 in RAW264.7 cells was associated with a significant decrease of MyD88 protein expression, as well as a reduced production of inflammatory mediator NF‐κB 1, TNF‐α and IL‐6 in response to BCG infection or LPS stimulation. Further studies using immunoblotting assay against anti‐MyD88 antibody and microRNA targeting luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐149 was able to directly target the 3′‐UTR of MyD88 mRNA and post‐transcriptionally regulated MyD88 protein expression. These data suggested that miR‐149 might be a key player of immune modulator for TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway in macrophages, which may through a mechanism of negatively regulating MyD88‐dependent Toll‐like receptors signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 919–927, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do People Use Their Implicit Theories of Creativity as General Theories?
Authors: Lee Hong , Kim Jungsik , Ryu Yeonjae , Song Seokjong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study examines whether people use the general implicit theories of creativity or not when applying them to themselves and others. On the basis of the actor–observer asymmetry theory, the authors propose that conception of creativity would be differently constructed depending on the targets of attention: general, self, and other. Three studies attempted to examine this hypothesis. In the preliminary study, a measure was developed to assess the characteristics that describe general creativity. In Study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses found the conceptual factors of general creativity. In Study 2, the common and specific factors of general, self, and others’ creativity concepts were compared through invariance tests. As a result, it was revealed that the invariance test failed, which means that the general conception of creativity may not be applicable to monitor self and others’ creativity in a consistent way. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed at the end of the study.
Dysfunctions of decision‐making and cognitive control as transdiagnostic mechanisms of mental disorders: advances, gaps, and needs in current research
Authors: Goschke Thomas 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDisadvantageous decision‐making and impaired volitional control over actions, thoughts, and emotions are characteristics of a wide range of mental disorders such as addiction, eating disorders, depression, and anxiety disorders and may reflect transdiagnostic core mechanisms and possibly vulnerability factors. Elucidating the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms is a precondition for moving from symptom‐based to mechanism‐based disorder classifications and ultimately mechanism‐targeted interventions. However, despite substantial advances in basic research on decision‐making and cognitive control, there are still profound gaps in our current understanding of dysfunctions of these processes in mental disorders. Central unresolved questions are: (i) to which degree such dysfunctions reflect transdiagnostic mechanisms or disorder‐specific patterns of impairment; (ii) how phenotypical features of mental disorders relate to dysfunctional control parameter settings and aberrant interactions between large‐scale brain systems involved in habit and reward‐based learning, performance monitoring, emotion regulation, and cognitive control; (iii) whether cognitive control impairments are consequences or antecedent vulnerability factors of mental disorders; (iv) whether they reflect generalized competence impairments or context‐specific performance failures; (v) whether not only impaired but also chronic over‐control contributes to mental disorders. In the light of these gaps, needs for future research are: (i) an increased focus on basic cognitive‐affective mechanisms underlying decision and control dysfunctions across disorders; (ii) longitudinal‐prospective studies systematically incorporating theory‐driven behavioural tasks and neuroimaging protocols to assess decision‐making and control dysfunctions and aberrant interactions between underlying large‐scale brain systems; (iii) use of latent‐variable models of cognitive control rather than single tasks; (iv) increased focus on the interplay of implicit and explicit cognitive‐affective processes; (v) stronger focus on computational models specifying neurocognitive mechanisms underlying phenotypical expressions of mental disorders.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit and explicit weight bias in a national sample of 4,732 medical students: The medical student CHANGES study
Authors: Phelan Sean M. , Dovidio John F. , Puhl Rebecca M. , Burgess Diana J. , Nelson David B. , Yeazel Mark W. , Hardeman Rachel , Perry Sylvia , van Ryn Michelle 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the magnitude of explicit and implicit weight biases compared to biases against other groups; and identify student factors predicting bias in a large national sample of medical students.MethodsA web‐based survey was completed by 4,732 1st year medical students from 49 medical schools as part of a longitudinal study of medical education. The survey included a validated measure of implicit weight bias, the implicit association test, and 2 measures of explicit bias: a feeling thermometer and the anti‐fat attitudes test.ResultsA majority of students exhibited implicit (74%) and explicit (67%) weight bias. Implicit weight bias scores were comparable to reported bias against racial minorities. Explicit attitudes were more negative toward obese people than toward racial minorities, gays, lesbians, and poor people. In multivariate regression models, implicit and explicit weight bias was predicted by lower BMI, male sex, and non‐Black race. Either implicit or explicit bias was also predicted by age, SES, country of birth, and specialty choice.ConclusionsImplicit and explicit weight bias is common among 1st year medical students, and varies across student factors. Future research should assess implications of biases and test interventions to reduce their impact.
Neuroblastoma in monozygotic twins with distinct presentation pathology and outcome: Is it familial or in utero metastasis
Authors: Abu‐Arja Rolla , Hashem Hasan , El‐Sheikh Ayman , Abusin Ghada 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTo date ten sets of monozygotic twins with neuroblastoma have been reported in the literature. Twin‐to‐twin in utero metastasis have been proposed as the mechanism of tumor development in the second twin; based on similar pathology, presence of metastatic disease, absence of a primary tumor, and/or later presentation in the second twin. Hereditary neuroblastoma has not been described in this context. We propose that primary neuroblastoma can occur in monozygotic twins without twin–twin transmission; due to the different ages of presentation, histology, ploidy, and tumor behavior. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1124–1125. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel and convergent processing in grid cell, head‐direction cell, boundary cell, and place cell networks
Authors: Brandon Mark P. , Koenig Julie , Leutgeb Stefan 
Published: December 2013

The brain is able to construct internal representations that correspond to external spatial coordinates. Such brain maps of the external spatial topography may support a number of cognitive functions, including navigation and memory. The neuronal building block of brain maps are place cells, which are found throughout the hippocampus of rodents and, in a lower proportion, primates. Place cells typically fire in one or few restricted areas of space, and each area where a cell fires can range, along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus, from 30 cm to at least several meters. The sensory processing streams that give rise to hippocampal place cells are not fully understood, but substantial progress has been made in characterizing the entorhinal cortex, which is the gateway between neocortical areas and the hippocampus. Entorhinal neurons have diverse spatial firing characteristics, and the different entorhinal cell types converge in the hippocampus to give rise to a single, spatially modulated cell type—the place cell. We therefore suggest that parallel information processing in different classes of cells—as is typically observed at lower levels of sensory processing—continues up into higher level association cortices, including those that provide the inputs to hippocampus. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:207–219. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1272This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Physiology
The Limited Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnostic Process of Colonic Diverticulitis
Authors: Nielsen K. , Richir M. C. , Stolk T. T. , van der Ploeg T. , Moormann G. R. H. M. , Wiarda B. M. , Schreurs W. H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiverticulitis is commonly diagnosed using ultrasound (US), followed by computed tomography (CT). Our aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of US compared with CT for patients with uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of 232 patients admitted with diverticulitis via the emergency department between January 2009 and January 2011. Patients who had undergone US and a CT scan were identified and further analyzed.ResultsA total of 123 patients underwent an US and a CT scan. In 78/94 patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis, results of US and CT scan were compatible (83 %); in 6 of the remaining 29 patients both modalities showed a complicated diverticulitis (21 %). US misdiagnosed 17 % of patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis and 79 % with complicated diverticulitis.ConclusionsUS is insufficient for diagnosing a complicated diverticulitis. Missing a complicated diverticulitis can have important clinical implications, and if diverticulitis is suspected, we suggest obtaining a CT scan to confirm diagnosis and to exclude complications.
Media representation of depression in young people: a corpus-based analysis of Irish newspaper coverage
Authors: Tobin G. , Lyddy F. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesNewspaper media are an important source of information regarding mental health and have a significant influence on people’s awareness of, and decision making around, mental health issues. Depression in young people has seen increasing media attention in recent years, but few studies have examined media representation of mental health, specifically in young people. The current study used a quantitative approach to examine the words used in reports concerning depression in young people, in Irish broadsheets, published between 2007 and 2011.MethodA sample of 269 texts, containing 176 223 words, was collected from three Irish broadsheet newspapers, using the search terms ‘depression’ or ‘depressed’ or ‘mental health’ and ‘youth’ or ‘young people’. A corpus-based approach was used to examine word frequencies, clusters and keywords.ResultsThe analysis identified textual patterns, suggesting recurring associations between youth depression and suicide, and, to a lesser extent, alcohol use and bullying. Keywords relating to emotional distress and symptoms of depression were less frequent and sometimes associated with constructions inferring lack of agency (such as ‘suffering from’). A focus on the role of the parents was also evident. Of the professions mentioned, psychiatrists were referred to most often.ConclusionsThe analysis suggests that media coverage of depression in young people accurately reflects concerns reported in surveys by young people, but provides less information that might help in recognising depression in a young person.
Five-Dimensional Weakly Exceptional Quotient Singularities
Authors: Sakovics Dmitrijs 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA singularity is said to be weakly exceptional if it has a unique purely log terminal blow-up. This is a natural generalization of the surface singularities of types Dn, E6, E7 and E8. Since this idea was introduced, quotient singularities of this type have been classified in dimensions up to at most 4. This note extends that classification to dimension 5.