bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radar absorption, basal reflection, thickness and polarization measurements from the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Hanson Jordan C. , Barwick Steven W. , Berg Eric C. , Besson Dave Z. , Duffin Thorin J. , Klein Spencer R. , Kleinfelder Stuart A. , Reed Corey , Roumi Mahshid , Stezelberger Thorsten , Tatar Joulien , Walker James A. , Zou Liang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRadio-glaciological parameters from the Moore’s Bay region of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, have been measured. The thickness of the ice shelf in Moore’s Bay was measured from reflection times of radio-frequency pulses propagating vertically through the shelf and reflecting from the ocean, and is found to be 576 ± 8 m. Introducing a baseline of 543 ± 7m between radio transmitter and receiver allowed the computation of the basal reflection coefficient, R, separately from englacial loss. The depth-averaged attenuation length of the ice column, 〈L〉 is shown to depend linearly on frequency. The best fit (95% confidence level) is 〈L(ν)〉= (460±20) − (180±40)ν m (20 dB km−1), for the frequencies ν = [0.100–0.850] GHz, assuming no reflection loss. The mean electric-field reflection coefficient is (1.7 dB reflection loss) across [0.100–0.850] GHz, and is used to correct the attenuation length. Finally, the reflected power rotated into the orthogonal antenna polarization is <5% below 0.400 GHz, compatible with air propagation. The results imply that Moore’s Bay serves as an appropriate medium for the ARIANNA high-energy neutrino detector.
Mandibular Tori as Bone Grafts: An Alternative Treatment for Periodontal Osseous Defects — Clinical, Radiographic and Histologic Morphology Evaluation
Authors: Hassan Khalid S , Al-Agal Adel , Abdel-Hady Adel I , Swelam Wael M , Elgazzar Reda F 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histochemical significance of using the mandibular tori as autogenous bone graft for treatment of intraosseous defects in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods
Twenty-eight sites from 14 patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. Each patient was treated with split mouth design; one site received torus mandibularis bone graft and the other site received a full-thickness flap alone. Histopathologic assessment was evaluated on removal of torus mandibularis to evaluate its histologic structure and by the end of the study 9 month later. Clinical and radiographic parameters were re-evaluated at 3 months interval for 1 year.

Results
The results of the present study revealed significant gain in the clinical attachment level (CAL) (88.4%, 4.53 ± 0.06 mm) for torus mandibularis sites compared to (39.7%, 2.01 ± 0.04 mm) for full-thickness flap. Moreover, there was a reduction in the probing pocket depth (PPD) of (75.4%, 5.75 ± 0.12 mm) for torus mandibularis sites and (49.6%, 3.73 ± 0.14 mm) for sites treated with a full-thickness flap only; CAL and PPD differences were significant at p-value .0.01. Concomitantly, significant radiographic increase in the bone height and density were recorded in the test group.

Conclusion
The use of mandibular tori as autogenous bone graft could provide benefits as a periodontal therapeutic modality and enhance regenerative potential of periodontal intraosseous defects.

How to cite this article
Hassan KS, Al-Agal A, Abdel-Hady AI, Swelam WM, Elgazzar RF. Mandibular Tori as Bone Grafts: An Alternative Treatment for Periodontal Osseous Defects — Clinical, Radiographic and Histologic Morphology Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):192-200.
Eradication of Gastric Helicobacter pylori ameliorates Halitosis and Tongue Coating
Authors: Zaric Svetislav , Bojic Bozidar , Popovic Branka , Milasin Jelena 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
The influence of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection on the development of oral pathoses remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of gastric H. pylori infection on occurrence of halitosis and coated tongue.

Materials and methods
Ninety-eight patients with dyspepsia were included in the study and their salivary samples and gastric biopsies were analyzed for the presence of H. pylori by Nested-PCR. Halitosis and coated tongue were assessed at the initial examination and 3 months after systemic eradication therapy against H. pylori.

Results
Gastric biopsies of 66 patients were positive for H. pylori. Only one saliva sample was H. pylori positive. At initial examination, halitosis was observed in 20 patients (30.3%) out of 66 who had gastric H. pylori infection and in only 3 patients (9.4%) out of 32 without H. pylori infection (p = 0.0236). Coated tongue was diagnosed in 18 (27.2%) patients with the infection compared to only 2 (6.25%) patients negative for gastric H. pylori (p = 0.0164). Patients with gastric infection were treated with the triple eradication therapy (Amoxicillin, Clarythromycin, Pantoprazol) and their gastric biopsies and oral status were examined 3 months later. Halitosis was significantly more prevalent in the group of patients with persistent H. pylori infection (42.1%) compared to only 6.4% of patients in the group where infection was successfully eradicated (p = 0.0012). Coated tongue was diagnosed in 47.4% of patients where H. pylori was still present after eradication therapy and in only 6.4% where eradication succeeded (p = 0.0003).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that eradication of gastric H. pylori significantly alleviates halitosis and coated tongue, the two oral conditions that may be considered as extragastric manifestations of this common chronic bacterial infection.

How to cite this article
Zaric S, Bojic B, Popovic B, Milasin J. Eradication of Gastric Helicobacter pylori ameliorates Halitosis and Tongue Coating. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):205-209.
Anterior Open Bite treated with Myofunctional Therapy and Palatal Crib
Authors: Asiry Moshabab A 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
This case report demonstrates the treatment effects of palatal crib combined with the myofunctional therapy in a child with anterior open bite (AOB) due to thumb sucking and habitual anterior and low tongue position. The patient, an 11-year-old boy, had an anterior open bite and flared and spaced upper and lower incisors. Palatal cribs in conjunction with myofunctional therapy were used to discourage sucking habit and to adapt normal tongue position. Successful correction of the AOB with adequate overjet and overbite were achieved with total treatment time of 7 months. The importance of myofunctional therapy in adopting normal tongue position and in maintaining the stability of open bite correction is emphasized.

How to cite this article
Asiry MA. Anterior Open Bite treated with Myofunctional Therapy and Palatal Crib. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):243-247.
Diaphonization: A Recipe to Study Teeth
Authors: Khan Farhan Raza , Rehman Kiran , Habib Sadia 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAimThere are various techniques to study root canal morphology and diaphonization is one of them. There are various methods of decalcification and diaphonization, cited in literature and the main aim of this paper was to give a brief account of the various techniques and share our experience of the technique at a teaching institution in Karachi, Pakistan.Materials and methodsDiaphonization is one of the oldest methods and is based on decalcification of teeth followed by clearing and dye penetration. The specimen is later studied under microscope without sectioning.ResultsAfter the process of clearing a three-dimensional (3D) structure of the internal canal anatomy was visible with naked eye.ConclusionThis paper entails a detailed historical background as well as the author's technique including percentages of various chemicals used and the timing of immersion of teeth into these agents.Clinical significanceThe read out is simple and can be subjected to interpretation by direct observation under microscope and can be helpful for students undertaking research in not only the discipline of dentistry but also in other fields such as botany and zoology.How to cite this articleRehman K, Khan FR, Habib S. Diaphonization: A Recipe to Study Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):248-251.
Traditional Medicine Through the Filter of Modernity: A brief historical analysis
Authors: Rabarihoela Razafimandimby R. 
Published: May 2015

Traditional medicines still prevail in current Malagasy context. A careful historical analysis shows however that Malagasy traditional medicine has been screened through many filters before being accepted in a global context. Traditional medicine in its authentic form has been more or less rejected with the advent of modern medicine – although not without reaction. This paper will retrace the historical encountering of the modern and traditional to determine the extent to which traditional medicine is acknowledged and used in the current prevailing modern, rational and scientific global context.
Student-Led Interest Groups: An Adjunct to Learner-Centered Nursing Education
Authors: Lim Fidelindo A. , Nadeau Cheryl A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The current emphasis to make nurses full partners in health care dialogue, education, research, practice, and policy-making has made nursing education more challenging and exciting. Competing themes in an already saturated curriculum allow little room for adding more content to formal teaching-learning activities. Well-organized student-led interest groups are an excellent avenue for conducting focused extracurricular offerings that allow students to exercise their leadership and organizational skills, advocate for academic excellence, and add specialty topics missing in the generalist curriculum. As an adjunct to the formal curriculum, professional development events organized by student-led interest groups promote student engagement, lifelong learning, and learner-centered education.
Breedbandcoöperaties op het platteland
Authors: Salemink Koen , Strijker Dirk 
Published: May 2015

Broadband cooperatives in rural areas: Learning labs for rural development
Based on a database with 75 rural community broadband initiatives in the Netherlands and a longitudinal analysis of a specific initiative in the municipality of Oldambt, the authors discuss how citizens campaign for improved internet connections in a cooperative setting. The authors present an 8-step model which shows that at each step citizens, governments and private telecom companies affect the completion of the step. Both telecom companies and governments, however, stick to their old way of working. The market parties try to slow down the process and prevent their market areas from being affected by the initiatives, while governments are unclear about (potential) policies. Community broadband initiatives learn ‘on the job’ and they need perseverance as well as social, intellectual and financial capital in order to be successful. The realization of rural broadband requires efforts from citizens and the involvement of facilitating and supportive governments.
De opkomst van wooncoöperaties in Nederland?
Authors: Bokhorst Meike , Edelenbos Jurian 
Published: May 2015

The rise of housing cooperatives in the Netherlands
There is a growing interest for cooperatives in housing. Recently a new housing law was signed that stimulates the rise and creation of citizen cooperatives in this sector. It is argued that in this way people, especially in the low- and middle-income category, get more opportunities to influence their own living situation. Some housing cooperatives have existed for years, but recently we have seen the rise of dozens of cooperatives. The knowledge network Platform31 has initiated an experimental program to facilitate the implementation of cooperatives in housing in the Netherlands. An important condition is that the cooperatives need to develop a strong business case. Cooperation with established housing corporations in the sector is also of vital importance. Moreover, a helping hand from municipalities is needed and some local governments have already developed policies and undertaken actions. Yet there are still bottlenecks in policy and law that needs to be solved. A paradigm shift is needed to make cooperatives in housing feasible.
Doctor Satisfaction and the Effects on Quality – Discussion
Authors: Firth-Cozens Jenny 
Published: May 2015

This paper considers the question posed by Casalino and Crosson asking whether we should care about doctors’ levels of satisfaction. It focuses initially on the evidence that satisfaction is a part of an individual’s emotional state which in turn allows us to offer studies showing that doctors perform less well when they are stressed. It goes on to consider a large-scale survey showing a direct relationship between the satisfaction levels of healthcare staff and a variety of quality outcomes and focuses in particular on the concept of staff engagement in this regard. Finally, it considers the role of management and context on the satisfaction and mental health of healthcare staff in general. It concludes that, yes, we should care about doctors’ levels of satisfaction.
Physician Dissatisfaction in the United States: An Examination
Authors: Crosson Francis J. , Casalino Lawrence P. 
Published: May 2015

This paper addresses several root causes of dissatisfaction with medical practice among American physicians, and suggests that some, but not all, are potentially remediable. Fixed assumptions about the nature of medical practice in the United States, developed over several decades, appear to be eroding. At the same time, increasing demands on physician time, especially involving low value documentation and administrative tasks are interfering with the physician-patient interaction. In addition, physician practice structure and payment methodologies are beginning to change in the United States leading to a sense of practice instability among physicians. Recent research conducted by the American Medical Association and the RAND Corporation has provided new qualitative and quantitative information about the impact of these trends on physician practices. An evaluation of these research findings indicates that some improvements in physician satisfaction are possible. Keywords: physician professionalism, practice satisfaction, electronic health records, health care reform in the U.S.
Physicians' Psychosocial Work Conditions and Quality of Care: A Literature Review
Authors: Angerer Peter , Weigl Matthias 
Published: May 2015

Background: Physician jobs are associated with adverse psychosocial work conditions. We summarize research on the relationship of physicians' psychosocial work conditions and quality of care. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and PsycINFO. All studies were classified into three categories of care quality outcomes: Associations between physicians' psychosocial work conditions and (1) the physician-patient-relationship, or (2) the care process and outcomes, or (3) medical errors were examined. Results: 12 publications met the inclusion criteria. Most studies relied on observational cross-sectional and controlled intervention designs. All studies provide at least partial support for physicians’ psychosocial work conditions being related to quality of care. Conclusions: This review found preliminary evidence that detrimental physicians’ psychosocial work conditions adversely influence patient care quality. Future research needs to apply strong designs to disentangle the indirect and direct effects of adverse psychosocial work conditions on physicians as well as on quality of care.
Keywords: psychosocial work conditions, physicians, quality of care, physician-patient-relationship, hospital, errors, review, work stress, clinicians
Healthy Doctors – Sick Medicine
Authors: Aasland Olaf Gjerløw 
Published: May 2015

Doctors are among the healthiest segments of the population in western countries. Nevertheless, they complain strongly of stress and burnout. Their own explanation is deprofessionalisation: The honourable art of doctoring has been replaced by standardised interventions and production lines; professional autonomy has withered. This view is shared by many medical sociologists who have identified a “golden age of medicine,” or “golden age of doctoring,” starting after World War II and declining around 1970. This article looks at some of the central sociological literature on deprofessionalisation, particularly in a perspective of countervailing powers. It also looks into another rise-and-fall model, proposed by the medical profession itself, where the fall in professional power was generated by the notion that there are no more white spots to explore on the map of medicine. Contemporary doctoring is a case of cognitive dissonance, where the traditional doctor role seems incompatible with modern health care.
Keywords: deprofessionalisation, professional autonomy, cognitive dissonance, golden age of doctoring
Redox‐controlled preservation of organic matter during “OAE 3” within the Western Interior Seaway
Authors: Tessin Allyson , Hendy Ingrid , Sheldon Nathan , Sageman Bradley 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDuring the Cretaceous, widespread black shale deposition occurred during a series of Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs). Multiple processes are known to control the deposition of marine black shales, including changes in primary productivity, organic matter preservation, and dilution. OAEs offer an opportunity to evaluate the relative roles of these forcing factors. The youngest of these events—the Coniacian to Santonian OAE 3—resulted in a prolonged organic carbon burial event in shallow and restricted marine environments including the Western Interior Seaway. New high‐resolution isotope, organic, and trace metal records from the latest Turonian to early Santonian Niobrara Formation are used to characterize the amount and composition of organic matter preserved, as well as the geochemical conditions under which it accumulated. Redox sensitive metals (Mo, Mn, and Re) indicate a gradual drawdown of oxygen leading into the abrupt onset of organic carbon‐rich (up to 8%) deposition. High Hydrogen Indices (HI) and organic carbon to total nitrogen ratios (C:N) demonstrate that the elemental composition of preserved marine organic matter is distinct under different redox conditions. Local changes in δ13C indicate that redox‐controlled early diagenesis can also significantly alter δ13Corg records. These results demonstrate that the development of anoxia is of primary importance in triggering the prolonged carbon burial in the Niobrara Formation. Sea level reconstructions, δ18O results, and Mo/total organic carbon ratios suggest that stratification and enhanced bottom water restriction caused the drawdown of bottom water oxygen. Increased nutrients from benthic regeneration and/or continental runoff may have sustained primary productivity.
Microbubble transport in water‐saturated porous media
Authors: Ma Y. , Kong X.‐Z. , Scheuermann A. , Galindo‐Torres S. A. , Bringemeier D. , Li L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to investigate flow of discrete microbubbles through a water‐saturated porous medium. During the experiments, bubbles, released from a diffuser, moved upward through a quasi‐2‐D flume filled with transparent water‐based gelbeads and formed a distinct plume that could be well registered by a calibrated camera. Outflowing bubbles were collected on the top of the flume using volumetric burettes for flux measurements. We quantified the scaling behaviors between the gas (bubble) release rates and various characteristic parameters of the bubble plume, including plume tip velocity, plume width, and breakthrough time of the plume front. The experiments also revealed circulations of ambient pore water induced by the bubble flow. Based on a simple momentum exchange model, we showed that the relationship between the mean pore water velocity and gas release rate is consistent with the scaling solution for the bubble plume. These findings have important implications for studies of natural gas emission and air sparging, as well as fundamental research on bubble transport in porous media.
Simulation of energetic particle precipitation effects during the 2003–2004 Arctic winter
Authors: Randall C. E. , Harvey V. L. , Holt L. A. , Marsh D. R. , Kinnison D. , Funke B. , Bernath P. F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEnergetic particle precipitation (EPP) during the 2003–2004 Arctic winter led to the production and subsequent transport of reactive odd nitrogen (NOx = NO + NO2) from the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) into the stratosphere. This caused NOx enhancements in the polar upper stratosphere in April 2004 that were unprecedented in the satellite record. Simulations of the 2003–2004 Arctic winter with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model using Specified Dynamics (SD‐WACCM) are compared to satellite measurements to assess our understanding of the observed NOx enhancements. The comparisons show that SD‐WACCM clearly displays the descent of NOx produced by EPP but underestimates the enhancements by at least a factor of four. Comparisons with NO measurements in January and February indicate that SD‐WACCM most likely underestimates EPP‐induced NO production locally in the mesosphere because it does not include precipitation of high energy electrons. Comparisons with temperature measurements suggest that SD‐WACCM does not properly simulate recovery from a sudden stratospheric warming in early January, resulting in insufficient transport from the MLT into the stratosphere. Both of these factors probably contribute to the inability of SD‐WACCM to simulate the stratospheric NOx enhancements, although their relative importance is unclear. The work highlights the importance of considering the full spectrum of precipitating electrons in order to fully understand the impact of EPP on the atmosphere. It also suggests a need for high‐quality meteorological data and measurements of NOx throughout the polar winter MLT.
Detection and attribution of urbanization effect on flood extremes using nonstationary flood‐frequency models
Authors: Prosdocimi I. , Kjeldsen T. R. , Miller J. D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study investigates whether long‐term changes in observed series of high flows can be attributed to changes in land use via nonstationary flood‐frequency analyses. A point process characterization of threshold exceedances is used, which allows for direct inclusion of covariates in the model; as well as a nonstationary model for block maxima series. In particular, changes in annual, winter, and summer block maxima and peaks over threshold extracted from gauged instantaneous flows records in two hydrologically similar catchments located in proximity to one another in northern England are investigated. The study catchment is characterized by large increases in urbanization levels in recent decades, while the paired control catchment has remained undeveloped during the study period (1970–2010). To avoid the potential confounding effect of natural variability, a covariate which summarizes key climatological properties is included in the flood‐frequency model. A significant effect of the increasing urbanization levels on high flows is detected, in particular in the summer season. Point process models appear to be superior to block maxima models in their ability to detect the effect of the increase in urbanization levels on high flows.