bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐inflammatory effects of exendin‐4, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog, on human peripheral lymphocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: He Lan , Wong Chun Kwok , Cheung Kitty KT , Yau Ho Chung , Fu Anthony , Zhao Hai‐lu , Leung Karen ML , Kong Alice PS , Wong Gary WK , Chan Paul KS , Xu Gang , Chan Juliana CN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes is characterized by dysregulation of immunity, oxidative stress and reduced incretin effects. Experimental studies suggest that glucagon‐like peptide (GLP‐1) might have immunomodulating effects. We hypothesize that GLP‐1 receptor agonist, exendin‐4, might reduce inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsUsing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) sampled from 10 type 2 diabetes and 10 sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects and supernatants from PBMC culture, the expression of phospho‐mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and monocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry. Cytokines/chemokines and superoxide anion before and after treatment with exendin‐4 were measured by cytometric bead array and chemiluminesence assay, respectively.ResultsCompared with control subjects, PBMC from type 2 diabetes patients showed activated MAPK (P38, c‐Jun NH2‐terminal protein kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase) signaling pathway, elevated superoxide anion, increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6) and chemokines (CCL5/regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted and CXCL10/interferon‐γ‐induced protein 10). These changes were attenuated by exendin‐4, possibly through the suppression of p38 MAPK.ConclusionsThese results suggest that exendin‐4 might downregulate pro‐inflammatory responses and reduce oxidative stress by suppressing MAPK signaling pathways in type 2 diabetes.
Effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control of patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Francetti Luca , Taschieri Silvio , De Siena Francesca , Fabbro Massimo Del 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether non‐surgical periodontal treatment reduces glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search was carried out on MEDLINE (through PubMed interface), EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomized controlled trials with a minimum of 3 months follow up were included. The risk of bias was assessed for each study. A meta‐analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on HbA1c and FPG levels. The effect of the adjunctive use of antimicrobials was also assessed.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included. A reduction of −0.38% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.23 to −0.53) after 3–4 months (P < 0.001) and of −0.31% (95% CI 0.11 to −0.74) after 6 months (P = 0.15) of follow‐up was found for HbA1c, favoring the treatment group. Similarly, in treated patients, a significantly greater decrease in FPG was observed in respect to control participants. Such difference amounted to −9.01 mg/dL (95% CI −2.24 to −15.78) after 3–4 months (P = 0.009) and −13.62 mg/dL (95% CI 0.45 to −27.69) after 6 months (P = 0.06) from treatment, respectively. In participants treated with adjunctive antimicrobials, a non‐significant increase of HbA1c was observed 3 months after treatment, whereas FPG decreased by 0.27 mg/dL (95% CI 39.56 to −40.11; P = 0.99).ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis showed that non‐surgical periodontal treatment improves metabolic control in patients with both periodontitis and diabetes.
Popularity of suture materials among residents and faculty members of a postdoctoral periodontology program
Authors: Maksoud Mohamed , Koo Samuel , Barouch Kasumi , Karimbux Nadeem 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the favoritism of suture materials among a group of clinicians at a teaching institution.MethodsThe surveys included 11 absorbable and nine non‐absorbable sutures. The surveyor was asked to select his or her suture preferences when it comes to using it in 13 different, commonly‐performed surgical procedures.ResultsThe surveys showed overall preferences for non‐absorbable versus absorbable sutures. Chromic Gut with a 4–0 diameter thread reverse cutting FS2 needle was the most favored suture. For periodontal bone grafts and hard tissue ridge augmentation, polytetrafluoroethylene with a 4–0 thread and FS2 needle was preferred. For autogenous gingival grafts, gingival allografts, connective tissue grafts, frenectomy and frenoplasty, Chromic Gut with 5–0 diameter thread reverse cutting P3 needle was favored. For extraction socket preservation, soft tissue canine exposure, ridge augmentation, and dental implants, Chromic Gut with 4–0 diameter thread reverse cutting FS2 needle was preferred, and for sinus augmentation, Vicryl with a 4–0 diameter thread reverse cutting FS2 needle was favored.ConclusionAbsorbable sutures were preferred in the majority of periodontal procedures; however, non‐absorbable sutures were favored in procedures that required longer healing or better stability of the flap edges in cases of periodontal and ridge augmentation.
Development of a scale measuring the job satisfaction of Japanese hospital nurses
Authors: Muya Makiko , Katsuyama Kimiko , Ozaki Fusako , Aoyama Hifumi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThis study attempts to develop a scale measuring job satisfaction in Japanese hospital nurses.MethodsThe authors developed items for a new scale measuring job satisfaction and determined the scale's internal and external validity. Based on this analysis, the authors then modified the scale after conducting two surveys. In Survey 1, the scale was tested on 600 nurses from two hospitals and items were selected based on item and factor analyses. In Survey 2, items were further refined based on responses from 800 nurses from four hospitals. Using these responses, the authors determined the reliability and validity of the scale.ResultsA 37 item job satisfaction scale was developed through examination of internal and external validity and based on the results of item analysis. Through factor analysis, four factors – “positive emotions toward work”, “appropriate support from superiors”, “perceived significance in the workplace”, and “pleasant working environment” – and 28 items were extracted. The cumulative contribution rate was 43.9%. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.91. The correlations found between sense of satisfaction with work, burnout, and self‐esteem supported the scale's concurrent and construct validity.ConclusionThe authors were successful in developing a scale measuring hospital nurses' job satisfaction. The surveys conducted using this scale identified factors associated with work achievement and capability development, including “positive emotions toward work” and “perceived significance in the workplace”, neither of which have been covered by existing scales.
Implementation of tobacco use cessation counseling among oral health professionals in Finland
Authors: Amemori Masamitsu , Korhonen Tellervo , Michie Susan , Murtomaa Heikki , Kinnunen Taru H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesClinical guidelines for tobacco use cessation (TUC) counseling recommend that healthcare professionals should provide brief tobacco counseling for all tobacco users. Widespread implementation of these guidelines seems to be insufficient. To enhance adherence to TUC counseling guidelines, it is essential to identify provider behaviors related to a successful implementation. This study aims to assess adherence to TUC counseling guidelines and factors that are associated with counseling behaviors.MethodsA 41‐item questionnaire relevant to the implementation of TUC counseling guidelines among healthcare professionals was administered. This questionnaire included items used to evaluate TUC counseling behaviors as well Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)‐based behavior change items. Of the 95 oral health professionals invited from 34 community dental clinics in Finland, 73 professionals (76.8 percent) participated. The TDF factors and their associations to TUC counseling behaviors were analyzed using correlations and logistic regression analyses.ResultsAdherence to TUC counseling guidelines, especially for providing advice to quit, assisting in quitting and arranging follow‐up services, were low. In addition, only 15.1 percent of the providers reported asking about tobacco use and 8.2 percent assessed interest in quitting among the majority (>75 percent) of their patients. Of the behavior change domains, “Memory, Attention and Decision Processes” and “Professional Role and Identity” were found to be significantly associated with TUC counseling behavior among oral health professionals.ConclusionsRegarding the adherence to TUC counseling guidelines, there is room for improvement. The identified TDF factors related to TUC behaviors provide an avenue for targeted interventions to improve guideline implementation.
Parents' experience of living with and caring for an adult son or daughter with schizophrenia at home in Ireland: a qualitative study
Authors: McAuliffe R. , O'Connor L. , Meagher D. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summary
This paper reports a study that explored the experience of now older parents living with and caring for, an adult child with schizophrenia in Ireland.
Parents reported mixed emotions that gave insight into the severe psychological distress they experienced when their son or daughter was diagnosed with schizophrenia. The period immediately after diagnosis can be particularly stressful. On the contrary; parents also experienced acceptance of their new caring role underpinned by their sense of love and responsibility for their son or daughter with schizophrenia.
There is a lack of studies on the experience and needs of parents of a son or daughter with schizophrenia in Ireland. This study offers insights from legitimate experts in illuminating what the experience is really like.
A family‐centred approach is required to deal with the uniqueness of individual parents' circumstances. Assessment and care planning should take into account the family as a unit.
AbstractThis study explored the experience of parents living with, and caring for, an adult son or daughter with schizophrenia. There is increasing emphasis on the involvement of carers and users in the care for people with schizophrenia. ‘A Vision for Change’ highlights the need for a partnership approach and emphasizes that carers are an integral part in the planning and delivery of mental health services. In order to meet such requests, it was necessary to explore the meaning of caregiving for Irish families. A descriptive qualitative design was used to enable parents to describe their experiences. Semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with a convenience sample of six parents in Ireland were carried out in 2007. The study encompassed four major themes: psychological tsunami, caring activities, coping with enduring illness and an uncertain pathway. Parents reported severe psychological distress when their son or daughter was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Their deep sense of loss was followed by acceptance of the situation. Feelings of love and a sense of responsibility helped to give meaning to their caring role. This study gave a voice to some parents of a son or daughter with schizophrenia. A family‐centred approach should be at the core of care planning for this vulnerable population.
The effect of long‐term aspirin intake on the outcome of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in smokers: a double‐blind, randomized pilot study
Authors: Shiloah Jacob , Bland Paul S. , Scarbecz Mark , Patters Mark R. , Stein Sydney H. , Tipton David A. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of this parallel, double‐blind, randomized pilot study was to determine the effect of a daily dose of 325 mg of aspirin (ASA) on the clinical outcomes of scaling and root planing in a selected group of adult smokers.BackgroundThe response to periodontal therapy is inferior among smokers compared to non‐smokers. Long‐term intake of ASA has been shown to exert a positive impact on reducing both the prevalence and severity of periodontitis, among high‐risk groups of subjects such as heavy smokers and diabetics. It is reasonable to assume that systemic administration of ASA in conjunction with reduction of the bacterial load by scaling and root planing may improve and prolong the benefits of periodontal therapy. To date, only few prospective interventional clinical studies have specifically addressed the periodontal needs of smokers.MethodsThe study includes 24 smokers. The following clinical parameters were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 mo postoperatively: (i) gingival index; (ii) plaque index; (iii) probing depth; (iii) probing attachment level; (iv) gingival recession; and (v) bleeding scores. Study subjects received scaling and root planing over several visits and were randomly assigned into two equal groups; a control group (C), which received a placebo and a test group (T), which took a daily dose of 325 mg ASA. No additional therapy was provided over the 1 year observation period.ResultsThere were more statistically significant differences (p < 0.05; one‐ tailed) between pretest and posttest scores in the T group than in the C group. Mean percent increase in sites with probing depth 1–3 mm (T: 8.78; C: 7.21); mean percent reduction in sites with probing depth 4–6 mm (T: −7.25; C: −5.09 not statistically significant, NS); mean percent reduction in sites with probing depth ≥ 7 mm (T: −1.42; C: −02.09); mean percent reduction in sites with probing attachment level 3–4 mm (T: −3.63; C: 0.48 NS); mean percent reduction in sites with bleeding on probing (T: −12.37; C: −2.59 NS) (p < 0.05, NS).ConclusionsDaily intake of 325 mg of ASA following scaling and root planing improved treatment outcomes in smokers, without an increase in gingival bleeding tendency. ASA promoted a higher incidence of shallow pockets and more gain in attachment level.
NOD2 mRNA Expression and NFkappaB Activation in Dogs with Lymphocytic Plasmacytic Colitis
Authors: Okanishi H. , Hayashi K. , Sakamoto Y. , Sano T. , Maruyama H. , Kagawa Y. , Watari T. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundNucleotide Oligomerization Domain Two (NOD2) is suggested to be an intracellular pathogen‐associated molecular pattern recognition molecule. NOD2, plays a key role against bacteria by triggering a host defense response through activation of the transcription factor NFkappaB and subsequent proinflammatory cytokine production. NOD2 recently was reported to be overproduced in inflamed colonic mucosa in Crohn's disease, and to be accompanied by a significant increase in NFkappaB activity. However, few studies to date have investigated intercellular signaling molecules in dogs with lymphocytic plasmacytic colitis (LPC).HypothesisNOD2 mRNA expression and NFkappaB activation are increased in mucosal biopsies of LPC dogs as compared with control dogs.AnimalsFive healthy dogs and 19 dogs with LPC.MethodsDescending colon biopsies were obtained endoscopically. Expression of NOD2 mRNA was evaluated by semiquantitative RT‐PCR in the colonic mucosa. NFkappaB binding activity was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay.ResultsNOD2 mRNA expression was approximately 63% greater in LPC dogs than in healthy controls (P = .019). NFkappaB binding activity was approximately 45% higher in the inflamed colonic mucosa of the LPC dogs, as compared with healthy controls (P = .011). No correlations were observed among NOD2 mRNA expression levels, NFkappaB binding activity, and CIBDAI in LPC dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNOD2 mRNA and NFkappaB activity were significantly higher in the inflamed colon of dogs with LPC, as compared with healthy controls. Our data suggest that NOD2 and NFkappaB play an important role in the pathogenesis of LPC.
Prospective Evaluation of Biweekly Streptozotocin in 19 Dogs with Insulinoma
Authors: Northrup N.C. , Rassnick K.M. , Gieger T.L. , Kosarek C.E. , McFadden C.W. , Rosenberg M.P. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundAdministration of streptozotocin (STZ) at a 21‐day interval has been described in dogs with stageIIandIIIinsulinoma. Myelosuppression was not observed, suggesting the possibility of increasing dose intensity by decreasing the interval between doses.ObjectiveTo describe the tolerability of a biweeklySTZprotocol. A secondary objective was to describe the outcome of dogs treated with this protocol.AnimalsNineteen dogs with residual local, metastatic, or recurrent insulinoma.MethodsAfter surgery for insulinoma, or at the time of recurrence, dogs were treated with a previously describedSTZand saline diuresis protocol. Treatments were administered every 14 days. All dogs received antiemetic treatment. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and graded. Outcome endpoints assessed were progression‐free survival (PFS) and survival.ResultsNone of the dogs experienced neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal toxicity was the most commonAE. Diabetes mellitus was observed in 8 dogs and, in 6, resulted in euthanasia or death. Two dogs developed nephrotoxicity manifested as Fanconi syndrome in 1 and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in the other. Six dogs developed increased alanine amino transferase activity. Hypoglycemia at the end of theSTZinfusion, resulted in collapse in 1 dog and a generalized seizure in another. The median overallPFSand survival time were 196 and 308 days, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceStreptozotocin can be safely administered to dogs with insulinoma, but seriousAEs are possible. Additional investigation is required to better define the role ofSTZin managing dogs with insulinoma.
Expression and localization of pannexin‐1 hemichannels in human colon in health and disease
Authors: Diezmos E. F. , Sandow S. L. , Markus I. , Shevy Perera D. , Lubowski D. Z. , King D. W. , Bertrand P. P. , Liu L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPannexin‐1 (Panx1) proteins can function as channels for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release, but there have been limited studies investigating their potential role in the human intestine. The aim of this study was to characterize Panx1 expression and distribution in the human colon and its potential involvement in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).MethodsHuman colon segments were dissected into mucosa and muscularis layers, and evaluated for Panx1 expression by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to localize the cellular distribution of Panx1 in intact tissues.Key ResultsIn the colonic muscularis of ulcerative colitis (UC), Panx1 mRNA expression showed a 3.5‐fold reduction compared with control (P = 0.0015), but no change was seen in UC mucosa. In contrast, down‐regulation of Panx1 mRNA was observed in both muscularis and mucosa of Crohn's disease (CD), showing a 2.7‐ and 1.8‐fold reduction, respectively (P < 0.05). There was reduced Panx1 protein expression in CD muscularis, but no change in CD mucosa, UC muscularis, or UC mucosa. Pannexin‐1 immunoreactivity was mainly localized to enteric ganglia, blood vessel endothelium, erythrocytes, epithelial cells, and goblet cells. Inflammatory bowel disease samples showed a similar overall pattern of Panx1 staining, but in UC myenteric ganglia, there was a significant reduction in Panx1 immunoreactivity. Significant Panx1 positive leukocyte infiltrations were seen at the sites of inflammation.Conclusions & InferencesThe presence of Panx1 in the colon and changes to its distribution in disease suggests that Panx1 channels may play an important role in mediating gut function and in IBD pathophysiology.
Beyond phylotyping: understanding the impact of gut microbiota on host biology
Authors: Reigstad Christopher S. , Kashyap Purna C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial constituents of the gut microbiome interact with each other and the host to alter the luminal environment and impact development, motility, and homeostasis of the gut. Powerful methods are becoming available to investigate connections between the gut microbiome and human health. While high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes can be used to identify and enumerate microbes in the gut, advances in several techniques (e.g., metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and metaproteomics) are providing a clearer view as to the specific activities of the microbiota in the context of functional host–microbe interactions. Testing emergent hypotheses regarding microbial effects on host biology, which arise from analyses of ‘Big Data’ generated from massive parallel high‐throughput sequencing technology and spectroscopic techniques, to guide translational research is an important goal for the future. Insights regarding the fundamental operating principles of the gut microbiota should lay the foundation for rational manipulation of the microbiota to promote human health.PurposeIn this review, we provide an overview of current research on the gut microbiome emphasizing current state‐of‐the‐art technologies, approaches, and directions for improvement of our understanding of the impact of the gut microbiota with specific focus on gastrointestinal motility disorders.
New approaches to the autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease patient with dual kidney–liver complications
Authors: Telega Grzegorz , Cronin David , Avner Ellis D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractImproved neonatal medical care and renal replacement technology have improved the long‐term survival of patients with ARPKD. Ten‐yr survival of those surviving the first year of life is reported to be 82% and is continuing to improve further. However, despite increases in overall survival and improved treatment of systemic hypertension and other complications of their renal disease, nearly 50% of survivors will develop ESRD within the first decade of life. In addition to renal pathology, patients with ARPKD develop ductal plate malformations with cystic dilation of intra‐ and extrahepatic bile ducts resulting in CHF and Caroli syndrome. Many patients with CHF will develop portal hypertension with resulting esophageal varices, splenomegaly, hypersplenism, protein losing enteropathy, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Management of portal hypertension may require EBL of esophageal varices or porto‐systemic shunting. Complications of hepatic involvement can include ascending cholangitis, cholestasis with malabsorption of fat‐soluble vitamins, and rarely benign or malignant liver tumors. Patients with ARPKD who eventually reach ESRD, and ultimately require kidney transplantation, present a unique set of complications related to their underlying hepato‐biliary disease. In this review, we focus on new approaches to these challenging patients, including the indications for liver transplantation in ARPKD patients with severe chronic kidney disease awaiting kidney transplant. While survival in patients with ARPKD and isolated kidney transplant is comparable to that of age‐matched pediatric patients who have received kidney transplants due to other primary renal diseases, 64–80% of the mortality occurring in ARPKD kidney transplant patients is attributed to cholangitis/sepsis, which is related to their hepato‐biliary disease. Recent data demonstrate that surgical mortality among pediatric liver transplant recipients is decreased to <10% at one yr. The immunosuppressive regimen used for kidney transplant recipients is adequate for most liver transplant recipients. We therefore suggest that in a select group of ARPKD patients with recurrent cholangitis or complications of portal hypertension, combined liver–kidney transplant is a viable option. Although further study is necessary to confirm our approach, we believe that combined liver–kidney transplantation can potentially decrease overall mortality and morbidity in carefully selected ARPKD patients with ESRD and clinically significant CHF.