bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal and perinatal factors in eating disorders: A descriptive review
Authors: Raevuori Anu , Linna Milla S. , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this descriptive review is to summarize the current scientific evidence on various prenatal and perinatal exposures affecting later development of eating disorders among offspring.MethodStudies were searched from PubMed database with the following keywords: eating disorders and disordered eating and anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder and prenatal exposure delayed effects and maternal exposure and perinatology. A comprehensive manual search, including search from the reference list of included articles, was also performed.ResultsThe attributable risk for prenatal and perinatal factors in anorexia nervosa (AN) is 3.6%. Numerous prenatal and perinatal factors have been associated with offspring AN, but only prematurity has been replicated in different samples. The risk of bulimia nervosa (BN) in offspring has attracted less study, and despite varying positive associations, there are no replicated findings. Higher prenatal testosterone may protect against the development of a range of disordered eating symptoms, although studies are not consistent.DiscussionEvidence in support of an effect of prenatal and perinatal factors on eating disorders or disordered eating in offspring is conflicting. If present, the overall effect appears to be relatively small, and it is likely that the early risk factors operate in conjunction with other biological, genetic, and/or environmental risk factors to bring on eating pathology. Genetically sensitive designs, such as sibling and twin studies, are needed to disentangle the different types of risk factors and ensure that prenatal/perinatal effects are “causal” rather than indications of genetic risk. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:676–685)
Different degree of paternal mtDNA leakage between male and female progeny in interspecific Drosophila crosses
Authors: Dokianakis Emmanouil , Ladoukakis Emmanuel D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMaternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in animals is thought to prevent the spread of selfish deleterious mtDNA mutations in the population. Various mechanisms have been evolved independently to prevent the entry of sperm mitochondria in the embryo. However, the increasing number of instances of paternal mtDNA leakage suggests that these mechanisms are not very effective. The destruction of sperm mitochondria in mammalian embryos is mediated by nuclear factors. Also, the destruction of paternal mitochondria in intraspecific crosses is more effective than in interspecific ones. These observations have led to the hypothesis that leakage of paternal mtDNA (and consequently mtDNA recombination owing to ensuing heteroplasmy) might be more common in inter‐ than in intraspecific crosses and that it should increase with phylogenetic distance of hybridizing species. We checked paternal leakage in inter‐ and intraspecific crosses in Drosophila and found little evidence for this hypothesis. In addition, we have observed a higher level of leakage among male than among female progeny from the same cross. This is the first report of sex‐specific leakage of paternal mtDNA. It suggests that paternal mtDNA leakage might not be a stochastic result of an error‐prone mechanism, but rather, it may be under complex genetic control.
Novel chemistry of invasive plants: exotic species have more unique metabolomic profiles than native congeners
Authors: Macel Mirka , de Vos Ric C. H. , Jansen Jeroen J. , van der Putten Wim H. , van Dam Nicole M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt is often assumed that exotic plants can become invasive when they possess novel secondary chemistry compared with native plants in the introduced range. Using untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting, we compared a broad range of metabolites of six successful exotic plant species and their native congeners of the family Asteraceae. Our results showed that plant chemistry is highly species‐specific and diverse among both exotic and native species. Nonetheless, the exotic species had on average a higher total number of metabolites and more species‐unique metabolites compared with their native congeners. Herbivory led to an overall increase in metabolites in all plant species. Generalist herbivore performance was lower on most of the exotic species compared with the native species. We conclude that high chemical diversity and large phytochemical uniqueness of the exotic species could be indicative of biological invasion potential.
Lithium‐Ion Batteries with a Wide Temperature Range Operability Enabled by Highly Conductive sp3 Boron‐Based Single Ion Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Yunfeng , Sun Yubao , Xu Guodong , Cai Weiwei , Rohan Rupesh , Lin An , Cheng Hansong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe report excellent operability of Li‐ion batteries equipped with selected sp3 boron‐based single‐ion polymer electrolyte membranes (SIPEs) in the temperature range of 25–100 °C. The high performance of the batteries is attributed to the high ionic conductivity of the SIPEs, superior interfacial contacts between the SIPE membranes and the electrodes, and the sizes of the mesopores in the membranes being appropriate for ion transport. It is demonstrated that the use of organic solvents in the SIPE membranes does not lead to apparent molecular decomposition in the batteries even at temperatures as high as 100 °C, which underscores the exceptional performance of the SIPE membranes for safe operation of Li‐ion batteries with excellent thermal and electrochemical stability. The intrinsic flexibility of the membranes enables this class of materials to be used in thin and flexible battery devices.
Seismic design and testing of the bottom vertical boundary elements in steel plate shear walls. Part 2: experimental studies
Authors: Li Chao‐Hsien , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Lee Hung‐Chi 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper describes an experiment to investigate the seismic design and responses of the bottom column, also called the bottom vertical boundary element (VBE), in steel plate shear walls (SPSWs). The main objectives of this experiment include validating the effectiveness of the design method developed in the companion paper, investigating the experimental performance of VBEs under large interstory drifts, and calibrating analytical models for earthquake engineering of SPSWs. Three full‐scale two‐story SPSWs were cyclically tested at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2011. Test results and numerical simulations confirm that the proposed design procedures are effective in predicting the plastic zone forming elevation in the lower half of the bottom VBE and the occurrence of yielding at the VBE's top end. Test results show that the premature yielding occurring at the top end of a bottom VBE would result in a deformation concentration at the bottom of SPSWs. In addition, lateral torsional buckling could take place on the bottom VBE after significant plastic rotations have developed at the top end. Test results suggest that preventing the VBE's top end from yielding is the key issue in the seismic design of SPSWs, and the proposed method can be effectively adopted to achieve this objective. Furthermore, the inelastic responses of the SPSW specimens were satisfactorily simulated by using detailed finite shell elements or simplified frame response analysis models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying submerged fluvial topography using hyperspatial resolution UAS imagery and structure from motion photogrammetry
Authors: Woodget A. S. , Carbonneau P. E. , Visser F. , Maddock I. P. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTQuantifying the topography of rivers and their associated bedforms has been a fundamental concern of fluvial geomorphology for decades. Such data, acquired at high temporal and spatial resolutions, are increasingly in demand for process‐oriented investigations of flow hydraulics, sediment dynamics and in‐stream habitat. In these riverine environments, the most challenging region for topographic measurement is the wetted, submerged channel. Generally, dry bed topography and submerged bathymetry are measured using different methods and technology. This adds to the costs, logistical challenges and data processing requirements of comprehensive river surveys. However, some technologies are capable of measuring the submerged topography. Through‐water photogrammetry and bathymetric LiDAR are capable of reasonably accurate measurements of channel beds in clear water. While the cost of bathymetric LiDAR remains high and its resolution relatively coarse, the recent developments in photogrammetry using Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms promise a fundamental shift in the accessibility of topographic data for a wide range of settings. Here we present results demonstrating the potential of so called SfM‐photogrammetry for quantifying both exposed and submerged fluvial topography at the mesohabitat scale. We show that imagery acquired from a rotary‐winged Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) can be processed in order to produce digital elevation models (DEMs) with hyperspatial resolutions (c. 0.02 m) for two different river systems over channel lengths of 50–100 m. Errors in submerged areas range from 0.016 m to 0.089 m, which can be reduced to between 0.008 m and 0.053 m with the application of a simple refraction correction. This work therefore demonstrates the potential of UAS platforms and SfM‐photogrammetry as a single technique for surveying fluvial topography at the mesoscale (defined as lengths of channel from c.10 m to a few hundred metres). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two (or three) is not equal to one: Multiple jobholding as a neglected topic in organizational research
Authors: Sliter Michael T. , Boyd Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe objective of this Incubator is to stimulate research in the area of multiple jobholding (MJH), a long‐neglected topic in organizational behavior. We first discuss the prevalence of, and motivation for, MJH and then discuss possible dangers and benefits of MJH. Throughout, we discuss ideas for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated Solutions for Combating Gully Erosion in Areas Prone to Soil Piping: Innovations from the Drylands of Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Frankl Amaury , Deckers Jozef , Moulaert Lys , Van Damme Alexander , Haile Mitiku , Poesen Jean , Nyssen Jan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMultiple on‐site and off‐site effects of gully erosion threaten sustainable development, which is especially evident in dryland environments. To control soil erosion by gullying, various soil and water conservation measures have been developed, of which check dams are the most common. Where soil piping occurs, soil and water conservation measures have a limited effect on gully stabilisation, and check dams easily collapse. Therefore, new integrated approaches are needed to control gully erosion induced by soil piping. Here, a subsurface geomembrane dam is proposed as an innovative measure to reduce subsurface flow in soil pipes near gullies. Application of such a dam in Northern Ethiopia resulted in a decrease of gully erosion rates in vertisols and a rising water table in the intergully areas near the gully channel. The consequence of this effect for agriculture near gully channels is the reduction of soil desiccation and, hence, increased crop yields in the intergully areas near the gully channels. In addition, runoff flow diversions into infiltration sites can increase off‐site benefits by strengthening economic activities or fasten environmental rehabilitation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the Branching Pattern of Hydrophobic Dendrons on the Core Structure of Linear‐Dendritic Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Kalva Nagendra , Aswal Vinod K. , Ambade Ashootosh V. 
Published: June 2014

Hydrophobic dendrons based on different branching patterns, viz. 3,5‐di‐ and 3,4,5‐trisubstituted phenyl rings, consist of the same backbone but exhibit different sizes, shapes, and hydrophobic densities. These dendrons are attached to poly(ethylene glycol) and the core pro­perties of the copolymer micelles are investigated in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water mixtures by neutron scattering. Two polymers with intermediate hydrophobicity are studied further with variations in the solvent composition and the temperature. The aggregation numbers for 3,4,5‐based dendron copolymers are lower, with more THF molecules of solvation compared with the 3,5‐based dendron copolymer, the difference being greater at higher generations due to different molecular shapes. The micellar core size increases in small steps with dendron size so that dye encapsulation is tuned.
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Interface‐Strengthened Polyimide/Carbon Nanofibers Nanocomposites with Superior Mechanical and Tribological Properties
Authors: Zhu Jiahua , Mu Liwen , Chen Long , Shi Yijun , Wang Huaiyuan , Feng Xin , Lu Xiaohua 
Published: June 2014

A self‐assembling molecule, n‐octadecane phosphate, is successfully synthesized and used to modify the surface property of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Both untreated CNFs (CNFs(u)) and treated CNFs (CNFs(t)) are incorporated in polyimide (PI) as filler to study the interfacial­property‐determined thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of their corresponding nanocomposites. At room temperature, the mechanical properties of PI/CNFs(t) including elongation‐to‐break, tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength are remarkably improved by 150%, 29.4%, 26.7%, and 183%, respectively, in comparison with the PI/CNFs(u) composites. At 150 °C, the enhancement of the elongation‐to‐break reaches 250%, while the tensile and flexural‐strength enhancement reduce to 2.8% and 20.4%. In addition, the tribological properties of PI/CNFs(t) composite are also improved due to the better interfacial interaction between the filler and the matrix. Microstructure analysis of the fracture surface directly reveals the better dispersion quality of CNFs(t) in PI and superior interfacial adhesion with the introduced assembling layer.
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Interactions of dietary protein and adiposity measures in relation to subsequent changes in body weight and waist circumference
Authors: Ankarfeldt Mikkel Z. , Ängquist Lars , Jakobsen Marianne Uhre , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Halkjær Jytte , Astrup Arne , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate if dietary protein and degree of adiposity interacts in relation to change in body weight and waist circumference (WC) in the general population.MethodsIn total 22,433 middle‐aged individuals with dietary assessment at baseline and anthropometry at baseline and at follow‐up about 5 years later were analyzed with multiple linear regression and dietary macronutrient substitution models. Interactions between dietary protein and baseline body mass index (BMI) and baseline WC adjusted for BMI (WCBMI) (divided in tertiles; nine groups total), were analyzed in relation to changes in body weight (BW) and changes WC adjusted for change in BW.ResultsBaseline intake of protein was not significantly associated with changes in weight or waist circumference. Across the nine groups of baseline BMI and WCBMI there were no distinct trends in the associations between dietary protein, whether replacing carbohydrate or fat, and weight change. However, individuals in the highest tertile of baseline BMI (irrespective of baseline WCBMI) had significantly inverse change in waist circumference when protein replaced carbohydrate, but not when protein replaced fat.ConclusionReplacing carbohydrate with protein in the diet may prevent a relative increase in WC in individuals with a greater BMI.
In situ sequencing identifies TMPRSS2–ERG fusion transcripts, somatic point mutations and gene expression levels in prostate cancers
Authors: Kiflemariam Sara , Mignardi Marco , Ali Muhammad Akhtar , Bergh Anders , Nilsson Mats , Sjöblom Tobias 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTranslocations contribute to the genesis and progression of epithelial tumours and in particular to prostate cancer development. To better understand the contribution of fusion transcripts and visualize the clonal composition of multifocal tumours, we have developed a technology for multiplex in situ detection and identification of expressed fusion transcripts. When compared to immunohistochemistry, TMPRSS2–ERG fusion‐negative and fusion‐positive prostate tumours were correctly classified. The most prevalent TMPRSS2–ERG fusion variants were visualized, identified, and quantitated in human prostate cancer tissues, and the ratio of the variant fusion transcripts could for the first time be directly determined by in situ sequencing. Further, we demonstrate concurrent in situ detection of gene expression, point mutations, and gene fusions of the prostate cancer relevant targets AMACR, AR, TP53, and TMPRSS2–ERG. This unified approach to in situ analyses of somatic mutations can empower studies of intra‐tumoural heterogeneity and future tissue‐based diagnostics of mutations and translocations. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Statistical considerations associated with a comprehensive regulatory framework to address the unmet need for new antibacterial therapies
Authors: Dane Aaron , Wetherington Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAt present, there are situations in antibiotic drug development where the low number of enrollable patients with key problem pathogens makes it impossible to conduct fully powered non‐inferiority trials in the traditional way. Recent regulatory changes have begun to address this situation. In parallel, statistical issues regarding the application of alternative techniques, balancing the unmet need with the level of certainty in the approval process, and the use of additional sources of data are critical areas to increase development feasibility. Although such approaches increase uncertainty compared with a traditional development program, this will be necessary to allow new agents to be made available. Identification of these risks and explicit discussion around requirements in these areas should help clarify the situation, and hence, the feasibility of developing drugs to treat the most concerning pathogens before the unmet need becomes even more acute than at present. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of Motor Function of the Remnant Stomach by 13C Breath Test With Special Reference to Gastric Local Resection
Authors: Kawamura Masahiko , Nakada Koji , Konishi Hideo , Iwasaki Taizo , Murakami Keishiro , Mitsumori Norio , Hanyu Nobuyoshi , Omura Nobuo , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundIndications for gastric local resection (LR) include gastrointestinal stromal tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, and early gastric cancer. LR is expected to preserve physiological function and ameliorate postgastrectomy syndrome.MethodsGastric emptying was assessed by the 13C‐acetate breath test in 20 healthy volunteers (HVs) and 60 gastrectomized patients [distal gastrectomy with Billroth I reconstruction (DGBI) in 26 patients, LR in 34 patients]. For the 13C breath test, 100 mg of 13C‐acetate sodium salt was mixed in a test meal. Breath samples were collected before intake and during the next 3 h. We compared the gastric reservoir capacity using the gastric retention rate at 5 min (RR5) and gastric emptying by the half emptying time (T½). Patients completed a questionnaire survey about their symptoms, dietary intake, body weight, and restriction of activities of daily living [reflecting quality of life (QOL)].ResultsThe RR5 values for the HV, LR, and DGBI groups were 93.7, 90.0, and 45.3* %, respectively (*compared to HV and LR, p < 0.0001). The T½ values were 23.3, 20.2, and 5.9* min, respectively. Dietary intake and body weight change were significantly more reduced in the DGBI group than the LR group (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that the reservoir capacity in those with LR at the lesser curvature was more disturbed than that in patients with LR at the greater curvature. The questionnaire showed no differences in those patients’ QOL.ConclusionsBecause the reservoir capacity, the gastric emptying and QOL were maintained, LR is an option for selected patients with early gastric cancer.
A novel approach for improving the yield of Bacillus subtilis transglutaminase in heterologous strains
Authors: Liu Yihan , Lin Song , Zhang Xiqing , Liu Xiaoguang , Wang Jianling , Lu Fuping 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The transglutaminase (BTG) from Bacillus subtilis is considered to be a new type of transglutaminase for the food industry. Given that the BTG gene only encodes a mature peptide, the expression of BTG in heterologous microbial hosts could affect their normal growth due to BTG’s typical transglutaminase activity which can catalyze cross-linking of proteins in the cells. Therefore, we developed a novel approach to suppress BTG activity and reduce the toxicity on microbial hosts, thus improving BTG yield. Genes encoding the respective regions of transglutaminase propeptide from seven species of Streptomyces were fused to the N-terminal of the BTG gene to produce fusion proteins. We found that all the fused propeptides could suppress BTG activity. Importantly, BTG activity could be completely restored after the removal of the propeptides by proteolytic cleavage. Of the seven propeptides tested, the propeptide proD from Streptomyces caniferus had the strongest suppressive effect on BTG activity (70 % of the activity suppressed). Moreover, fusion protein proD-BTG (containing proD) also exhibited the highest yield which was more than twofold of the expression level of BTG in an active form in Escherichia coli. Secretion expression of BTG and proD-BTG in Corynebacterium glutamicum further showed that our novel approach was suitable for the efficient BTG expression, thus providing a valuable platform for further optimization of large-scale BTG production.
Between‐island compositional dissimilarity of avian communities
Authors: Pitta Eva , Kassara Christina , Tzanatos Evangelos , Giokas Sinos , Sfenthourakis Spyros 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCompositional dissimilarity patterns of biotic communities can vary among different types of insular systems and among taxa with different dispersal abilities. In this work we examined compositional dissimilarity patterns of four avian groups, namely birds of prey, waterbirds, seabirds and landbirds, in various insular systems around the world. Compositional dissimilarity of avian communities was calculated for 25 presence‐absence matrices compiled from the literature. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models to check for differences in between‐island compositional dissimilarity among the aforementioned avian groups that differ in their dispersal abilities, as well as between two different types of insular systems, oceanic and continental shelf. In agreement with our original hypothesis, landbirds which have relatively poorer dispersal abilities than birds of prey and waterbirds, exhibit higher between‐island compositional dissimilarity compared to these two avian groups. On the contrary, seabirds present a deviation from the expected pattern, since they show higher between‐island compositional dissimilarity compared to landbirds, even though they also have better dispersal abilities than landbirds, which can be explained by the relatively irregular occurrence of proper breeding habitats among islands for this avian group. Island type (oceanic or continental shelf) does not appear to affect between‐island compositional dissimilarity of avian communities. Distance, area and elevation differences among islands are positively related to compositional dissimilarity. In conclusion, compositional dissimilarity of avian communities differs between avian groups but cannot always be associated with differences in the dispersal ability among these groups.