bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic Injuries in Equestrian Sports
Authors: Young Jason David , Gelbs Jared Craig , Zhu David Shiyu , Gallacher Stacey Elisa , Sutton Karen Michelle , Blaine Theodore Alton 
Published: September 2015

Background: Despite the common nature of orthopaedic injuries in equestrian sports, there is no published review to specifically characterize orthopaedic injuries in equestrian athletes. Purpose: To characterize orthopaedic injury patterns in equine sports–related injuries and their treatment. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This review was performed through a PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus query (from 1978 to June 2014) in the English literature using search terms “(equine-related OR equestrian-related OR horse-related OR equestrian OR equestrians) AND (injury OR injuries).” Only full-text studies reporting on orthopaedic injury patterns pertinent to equestrian sports in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) were included. Orthopaedic injuries were defined as those resulting in a fracture or dislocation. In all, 182 studies were excluded, leaving a total of 27 studies for evaluation. The studies included were analyzed for demographic and epidemiological data for orthopaedic injuries, including fractures and dislocations. Cranial and facial injuries were excluded from analysis. Results: The majority of those injured in the US were female (64.5%). The leading cause of injury in the US was falling from a horse. The use of protective equipment seemed to vary widely, with helmet use ranging from less than 6% up to 66.7%. In the UK, fractures were found to account for 17.4% of reported injures, compared with 33.6% of injuries in the US. The majority of fractures in US riders occurred in the upper extremities (50.7%). Conclusion: This review helps characterize the epidemiology of equestrian injuries based on currently available data.
HUS and the case for complement
Authors: Conway Edward M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. Excess complement activation underlies atypical HUS and is evident in Shiga toxin–induced HUS (STEC-HUS). This Spotlight focuses on new knowledge of the role of Escherichia coli–derived toxins and polyphosphate in modulating complement and coagulation, and how they affect disease progression and response to treatment. Such new insights may impact on current and future choices of therapies for STEC-HUS.
Effect of Renal Dysfunction on Toxicity in Three Decades of Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program–Sponsored Single-Agent Phase I Studies
Authors: Beumer Jan H. , Ding Fei , Tawbi Hussein , Lin Yan , Viluh Diana , Chatterjee Indrani , Rinker Matthew , Chow Selina L. , Ivy S. Percy 
Published: September 2015

Purpose Alterations in renal clearance of anticancer drugs can affect the occurrence of toxicities related to drug exposure. The National Cancer Institute and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) use different criteria to classify renal dysfunction. We examined those discrepancies and their potential association with the incidence of toxicities in patients enrolled onto Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program–sponsored single-agent phase I studies over three decades (1979 to 2010). Methods Data to estimate creatinine clearance according to the Cockcroft-Gault and Jelliffe formulas were available from 10,236 patients, and data to estimate creatinine clearance according to the six- and four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formulas were available from a subset (n = 4,084). Patients were classified according to National Cancer Institute and FDA criteria, and the rates of clinically relevant toxicities were evaluated within groups and compared among groups. Results Cockcroft-Gault estimated renal function improved over time, which may be attributed to an increase in weight of patients in the same time frame. Approximately 36% of patients enrolled onto phase I trials had mild renal dysfunction by FDA criteria. Relative to normal function, mild renal dysfunction was associated with a statistically significant but small increase in grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity and any relevant toxicities. Conclusion Patients with mild renal dysfunction by FDA criteria have routinely been enrolled onto phase I studies of antineoplastics without clinically meaningful increase in the risk of toxicity. In future oncology renal dysfunction trials based on the FDA classification, the FDA mild group may only need to be activated when the moderate and normal groups differ substantially in tolerability or pharmacokinetics.
Discovering Genes Essential to the Hypothalamic Regulation of Human Reproduction Using a Human Disease Model: Adjusting to Life in the “-Omics” Era
Authors: Stamou M. I. , Cox K. H. , Crowley William F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction is an intricate process requiring the exquisite coordination of an assortment of cellular networks, all converging on the GnRH neurons. These neurons have a complex life history, migrating mainly from the olfactory placode into the hypothalamus, where GnRH is secreted and acts as the master regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Much of what we know about the biology of the GnRH neurons has been aided by discoveries made using the human disease model of isolated GnRH deficiency (IGD), a family of rare Mendelian disorders that share a common failure of secretion and/or action of GnRH causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Over the last 30 years, research groups around the world have been investigating the genetic basis of IGD using different strategies based on complex cases that harbor structural abnormalities or single pleiotropic genes, endogamous pedigrees, candidate gene approaches as well as pathway gene analyses. Although such traditional approaches, based on well-validated tools, have been critical to establish the field, new strategies, such as next-generation sequencing, are now providing speed and robustness, but also revealing a surprising number of variants in known IGD genes in both patients and healthy controls. Thus, before the field moves forward with new genetic tools and continues discovery efforts, we must reassess what we know about IGD genetics and prepare to hold our work to a different standard. The purpose of this review is to: 1) look back at the strategies used to discover the “known” genes implicated in the rare forms of IGD; 2) examine the strengths and weaknesses of the methodologies used to validate genetic variation; 3) substantiate the role of known genes in the pathophysiology of the disease; and 4) project forward as we embark upon a widening use of these new and powerful technologies for gene discovery.
Minireview: Emerging Roles for Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetes and Related Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Lakhter Alexander J. , Sims Emily K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane-contained vesicles released by most cell types, have attracted a large amount of research interest over the past decade. Because of their ability to transfer cargo via regulated processes, causing functional impacts on recipient cells, these structures may play important roles in cell-cell communication and have implications in the physiology of numerous organ systems. In addition, EVs have been described in most human biofluids and have wide potential as relatively noninvasive biomarkers of various pathologic conditions. Specifically, EVs produced by the pancreatic β-cell have been demonstrated to regulate physiologic and pathologic responses to β-cell stress, including β-cell proliferation and apoptosis. β-Cell EVs are also capable of interacting with immune cells and may contribute to the activation of autoimmune processes that trigger or propagate β-cell inflammation and destruction during the development of diabetes. EVs from adipose tissue have been shown to contribute to the development of the chronic inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome via interactions with other adipose, liver, and muscle cells. Circulating EVs may also serve as biomarkers for metabolic derangements and complications associated with diabetes. This minireview describes the properties of EVs in general, followed by a more focused review of the literature describing EVs affecting the β-cell, β-cell autoimmunity, and the development of insulin resistance, which all have the potential to affect development of type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Patient mental adjustment to selected types of cancer
Authors: Religioni Urszula , Czerw Aleksandra , Deptała Andrzej 
Published: September 2015

CelZ dolegliwościami fizycznymi związanymi z chorobą nowotworową wiążą się różnego rodzaju dolegliwości psychiczne. Przyjęta w tym względzie postawa wobec bólu i choroby wpływa na jakość życia pacjentów, a może nawet decydować o ostatecznych efektach terapii.
Celem badania była ocena stopnia przystosowania psychicznego pacjentów z rozpoznanym nowotworem piersi, płuca, jelita grubego i prostaty. Analizie poddano również wpływ czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych na przystosowanie psychiczne do choroby nowotworowej wśród pacjentów w ramach wymienionych grup.MetodaBadanie przeprowadzono wśród 902 pacjentów leczonych ambulatoryjnie w Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie w Warszawie w 2013 roku. W badaniu uczestniczyli chorzy ze zdiagnozowanym nowotworem piersi, płuca, jelita grubego i prostaty. Zastosowano technikę PAPI (Paper and Pencil Interview). Wywiad kwestionariuszowy obejmował pytania metryczkowe (zmienne społeczno-ekonomiczne) oraz test Mini-Mac (Mental Adjustement to Cancer), mierzący poziom przystosowania psychicznego do choroby.WynikiW wymiarach zaabsorbowanie lękowe oraz bezradność-beznadziejność najwyższe wyniki uzyskiwali kolejno respondenci z nowotworem: płuc, jelita grubego, piersi i prostaty. Wśród badanych, u których obszarami zmiany pierwotnej były pierś i płuco różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi kategoriami, wyróżnionymi ze względu na cechy społeczno-ekonomiczne były nieistotne statystycznie. Stwierdzono jednak istotne zależności pomiędzy przystosowaniem psychicznym do choroby a faktem odbycia chemioterapii w ciągu ostatniego roku, choć wyniki te różnią się w zależności od lokalizacji pierwotnej zmiany nowotworowej.WnioskiObszar lokalizacji pierwotnej zmiany nowotworowej u pacjentów wpływa na przystosowanie psychiczne do choroby. Czynniki społeczno-ekonomiczne w obszarze przystosowania psychicznego najsilniej różnicują pacjentów chorych na raka jelita grubego.
Semi-orthogonal wavelet frames on local fields
Authors: Shah Firdous A. , Bhat M. Younus 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigate semi-orthogonal wavelet frames on local fields of positive characteristic and provide a characterization of frame wavelets by means of some basic equations in the frequency domain. The theory of frame multiresolution analysis recently proposed by Shah [J. Operators (2015), Article ID 216060] on local fields is used to establish equivalent conditions for a finite number of functions
The unusual occurrence of green algal balls of Chaetomorpha linum on a beach in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Cooke Julia , Lanfear Robert , Downing Alison , Gillings Michael R. , Poore Alistair G.B. , Goodwin Ian D. , Waldron Liette S. , Phillips Aaron , Metti Yola , Bulbert Matthew W. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In spring 2014, thousands of green algal balls were washed up at Dee Why Beach, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Reports of algal balls are uncommon in marine systems, and mass strandings on beaches are even more rare, sparking both public and scientific interest. We identified the algal masses as Chaetomorpha linum by using light microscopy and DNA sequencing. We characterize the size and composition of the balls from Dee Why Beach and compare them to previous records of marine algal balls. We describe the environmental conditions that could explain their appearance, given the ecophysiology of C. linum.
Design and Analysis of Ultra-Fast All-Optical Modulator Based on Photonic Crystal
Authors: Abolhasanzadeh Asghar , Zavvari Mahdi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn all-optical modulator based on photonic crustal structures is proposed and its performance characteristics are studied. In this modulator, a carrier beam is controlled by input signal beam. A two-dimensional microring resonator is designed to employ the Kerr’s nonlinear effect and operate as modulator. We use numerical methods such as plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain for performing our simulations and studying the optical properties of the proposed structure. The insertion loss and extinction ratio are studied as a function of carrier power. Results show acceptable orders of extinction ratio about 9 dB and very low insertion loss about –10 dB. The proposed modulator is expected to show ultra-fast modulation.
Design analysis of a standard injection screw for plasticising polycarbonate resins
Authors: Huang Ming-Shyan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The industrial use of plastic injection moulding machines is widespread. However, few studies have examined the injection screw, which is one of the key components of moulding machines. Studies have demonstrated that a properly designed injection screw improves both the moulding quality and the production rate. Factors that affect the plasticisation properties of conventional standard reciprocating screws include the screw geometry, the screw operation settings, and the processed resins. An ideal standard reciprocating screw exhibits a high plasticising capacity and excellent melt temperature homogeneity; however, these properties typically conflict. Through simulation analysis, this study investigated the optimal design of a standard reciprocating injection screw used for plasticising polycarbonate resins. First, the Taguchi method was integrated with a commercial simulation programme to identify the key control factors affecting the plasticising rate of a screw and the temperature uniformity of the melt. Simulation results revealed that the screw diameter, rotation speed, metering channel depth, ratio of the screw length to the screw diameter, and compression ratio substantially influence performance. Consequently, grey relational analysis was adopted to optimise the design of an injection screw that ensures sufficient quality according to the plasticisation rate and the homogeneity of molten plastic.
Formation of the transition zone by Mks5/Rpgrip1L establishes a ciliary zone of exclusion (CIZE) that compartmentalises ciliary signalling proteins and controls PIP2 ciliary abundance
Authors: Jensen Victor L , Li Chunmei , Bowie Rachel V , Clarke Lara , Mohan Swetha , Blacque Oliver E , Leroux Michel R 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCilia are thought to harbour a membrane diffusion barrier within their transition zone (TZ) that compartmentalises signalling proteins. How this “ciliary gate” assembles and functions remains largely unknown. Contrary to current models, we present evidence that Caenorhabditis elegans MKS‐5 (orthologue of mammalian Mks5/Rpgrip1L/Nphp8 and Rpgrip1) may not be a simple structural scaffold for anchoring > 10 different proteins at the TZ, but instead, functions as an assembly factor. This activity is needed to form TZ ultrastructure, which comprises Y‐shaped axoneme‐to‐membrane connectors. Coiled‐coil and C2 domains within MKS‐5 enable TZ localisation and functional interactions with two TZ modules, consisting of Meckel syndrome (MKS) and nephronophthisis (NPHP) proteins. Discrete roles for these modules at basal body‐associated transition fibres and TZ explain their redundant functions in making essential membrane connections and thus sealing the ciliary compartment. Furthermore, MKS‐5 establishes a ciliary zone of exclusion (CIZE) at the TZ that confines signalling proteins, including GPCRs and NPHP‐2/inversin, to distal ciliary subdomains. The TZ/CIZE, potentially acting as a lipid gate, limits the abundance of the phosphoinositide PIP2 within cilia and is required for cell signalling. Together, our findings suggest a new model for Mks5/Rpgrip1L in TZ assembly and function that is essential for establishing the ciliary signalling compartment.
A Model for Predicting Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates From China
Authors: Han Shuping , Yu Zhangbin , Liu Ling , Wang Jimei , Wei Qiufen , Jiang Chunming , Guo Jinzhen , Li Mingxia , Yang Jie , Shah Prakesh S. , Chen Chao 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVES:
To develop and validate a predischarge risk stratification model by using transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) values and clinical factors to predict significant postdischarge hyperbilirubinemia in healthy term and late preterm Chinese neonates.

METHODS:
In a prospective cohort study, 8215 healthy term and late preterm neonates in 8 hospitals in China underwent TcB measurement at &lt;168 hours of age. TcB percentiles were calculated and used to develop an hour-specific nomogram, and 9 empirically weighted items were used to derive a prediction model. A risk stratification model was developed by combining the TcB nomogram with clinical risk scores to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia, defined as a postdischarge bilirubin level that exceeded the hour-specific recommended threshold value for phototherapy. Data from another 13 157 neonates were used to validate the model.

RESULTS:
A TcB nomogram for every 12 hours of the studied interval was constructed from the development set. Gestational age, male gender, history of previous neonate who received phototherapy, bruising, feeding mode, weight loss, and early discharge were predictors of postdischarge significant hyperbilirubinemia. The combination of the TcB nomogram and clinical risk score provided the best prediction of significant hyperbilirubinemia with an area under the curve of 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.94–0.95) in the development data set and 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.93–0.94) in the validation data set. A risk stratification model with 6 distinct risk levels was developed and validated.

CONCLUSIONS:
A risk classification model, combining discharge transcutaneous bilirubin values and clinical risk factors, separated term and late preterm Chinese neonates into 6 risk classes for the timely follow-up of postdischarge hyperbilirubinemia detection.
Weight Gain, Executive Functioning, and Eating Behaviors Among Girls
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Hipwell Alison E. , Stepp Stephanie D. , McTigue Kathleen M. , Keenan Kate 
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE:
Executive functioning and excess weight have been associated in cross-sectional and prospective studies, but mechanisms explaining this relationship are unclear. The current study aimed to further explore the longitudinal relationship between executive functioning and changes in body weight and to determine whether binge eating behaviors mediate this relationship.

METHODS:
Community-based girls (N = 2450) were assessed by using the behavioral measure of planning, Mazes subtest, and a parent-report measure of impulsivity at age 10; a self-report measure of binge eating at ages 10, 12, and 14; and investigator-measured BMI annually between ages 10 and 16. Regression and bootstrapping analyses explored the relations among age 10 impulsivity and planning, age 12 and age 14 binge eating frequency, and age 10 to 16 BMI changes.

RESULTS:
Age 10 impulsivity and planning each independently predicted age 10 to 16 BMI changes, after accounting for demographics, verbal comprehension, and BMI at age 10 (Ps &lt; .001). Binge eating tendencies at age 12 mediated the relation between age 10 impulsivity and age 10 to 16 BMI changes, after controlling for demographics, verbal comprehension, binge eating frequency, and BMI at age 10 (indirect effect estimate = 0.0007; 95% confidence interval = 0.0001–0.0020).

CONCLUSIONS:
Results support the hypothesis that poorer executive functioning predicts weight gain from middle childhood through adolescence in girls, and that this effect may be partially explained by binge-eating behaviors in early adolescence.
Análisis de los modelos de medición de calidad percibida del servicio aplicados en la industria de hospitalidad
Authors: Parra Diaz María Catalina , Duque Oliva Edison Jair 
Published: September 2015

Las exigencias de los consumidores han dado paso a la investigación de instrumentos que permitan medir la calidad del servicio. Estos instrumentos son llamados modelos de medición, los cuales ayudan a conocer las opiniones de los clientes para determinar sus necesidades y poderlas aplicar en los establecimientos. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar los modelos de medición de calidad del servicio que se aplican en la industria de hospitalidad. Se darán a conocer los conceptos básicos de calidad del servicio, y se explicarán los principales modelos de medición que se han desarrollado a lo largo del tiempo. Se analizarán los modelos de medición de calidad del servicio más utilizados en restaurantes y hoteles, para concluir que el modelo Servqual es el más reconocido y el que mayor acogida tiene en la industria de hospitalidad.
El servicio como principio que une y potencia las organizaciones. Una revisión y propuesta conceptual en torno a la cultura de servicio
Authors: Martell Alfredo Gorrochotegui , Rodríguez Rosario Montt , Cordero Maite Nazarre 
Published: September 2015

En este artículo se hace una reflexión y una revisión sobre los distintos autoresque han expuesto sus conceptos acerca del servicio. Se busca rescatar la idea deque todas las organizaciones ofrecen un servicio a la sociedad. Además el artículo busca aproximarse a la naturaleza del servicio, sus cualidades y sus características; indagar en el servicio como experiencia humana, de cara al cliente y dentro de la empresa; distinguir los conceptos de cliente, cliente interno, momentos de la verdad, ciclos y mapas de servicio, para luego adentrarse en la posibilidad de configurar una auténtica cultura del servicio. Y en todo este desarrollo, se indaga también sobre la posibilidad que tiene el servicio como un principio noble que une y que potencia a las personas que trabajan en organizaciones que poseen una cultura centrada en sus clientes internos y externos.
Cuadro de mando integral (CMI) de los Centros de Salud Familiar del Departamento de Salud Municipal de la comuna de Puerto Montt, Chile
Authors: Henríquez Nancy Alarcón , Vera Garnica José Ricardo 
Published: September 2015

El uso del cuadro de mando integral (CMI) ha aumentado de manera creciente en el sector salud en Chile. A partir del 2006, comenzaron a emplearlo diversos Departamentos de Salud Municipales y Centros de Salud Familiar (Cesfam) dependientes de esos departamentos.
El CMI es un modelo de gestión que traduce la estrategia en objetivos relacionados, medidos a través de indicadores, y ligados a unos planes de acción que permiten alinear el comportamiento de los miembros de la organización. La utilidad del CMI no depende del tipo de empresa sino de los problemas que enfrenta, y de hecho se ha implementado en grandes y pequeñas empresas, y en organizaciones con y sin ánimo de lucro, tal como se demuestra en este caso.
Se presenta en este estudio el desarrollo de la planificación estratégica de los Cesfam de la comuna de Puerto Montt, Chile, empleando el cuadro de mando integral (CMI) o Balanced Scorecard (BSC).
La implementación del modelo implicó el trabajo y compromiso de los equipos gestores de cada uno de los Cesfam en el proceso de planificación estratégica y la definición de la totalidad de los componentes del cuadro de mando.