bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Class Procedure for Analysis of Antibacterial Compounds in Eggs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Błądek Tomasz , Posyniak Andrzej , Gajda Anna , Gbylik Małgorzata , Żmudzki Jan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of residues of β-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, and lincosamides in eggs has been described. Analytes were isolated from egg samples by solvent extraction method and extracts were cleaned by filtration on OASIS HLB cartridges. The whole procedure was validated according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The recovery ranged between 86% and 110%. The repeatability was below 16% and within-laboratory reproducibility was lower than 20%. The method was successfully applied in the official control of antibacterial compounds residue in Poland.
Skull base surgery for tumors in children: long-term clinical and functional outcome
Authors: Hayhurst Caroline , Williams Dawn , Yousaf Jawad , Richardson David , Pizer Barry , Mallucci Conor 
Published: February 2013

Object
Skull base tumors in children are rare but require complex approaches with potential morbidity to the developing craniofacial skeleton, in addition to tumor-related morbidity. Reports of long-term clinical and functional outcome following skull base approaches in children are scarce. The authors report long-term outcome in children with tumors undergoing multidisciplinary skull base surgery.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was undertaken of children undergoing surgery at a single institution between 1998 and 2008 for benign and malignant lesions of the anterior, middle, or posterior cranial base. Patients with craniopharyngioma, pituitary tumors, and optic glioma were excluded. Histology, surgical morbidity, length of hospital stay, progression-free survival, and adjuvant therapy were recorded. Functional and cognitive outcome was assessed prospectively using the Late Effects Severity Score (LESS).

Results
Twenty-three children ranging in age from 13 months to 15 years underwent skull base approaches for resection of tumors during the study period. The median follow-up duration was 60 months. Tumor types included meningioma, schwannoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, angiofibroma, and chordoma. Complete resection was achieved in 12 patients (52%). Thirteen patients (57%) had benign histology. The median hospital stay was 7 days. There were 3 deaths, 1 perioperative and 2 from tumor progression. Two patients had CSF leakage (9%) and 2 developed meningitis. Two children (9%) had residual neurological deficit at last follow-up evaluation. Thirteen (59%) of 22 surviving patients received adjuvant therapy. The majority of the patients remain in mainstream education and 19 of the 20 surviving children have an LESS of 3 or lower.

Conclusions
Children tolerate complex skull base procedures well, with minimal surgical-related morbidity as well as good long-term tumor control rates and functional outcomes from maximal safe resection combined with adjuvant treatment when required.
Subarachnoid–subarachnoid bypass: a new surgical technique for posttraumatic syringomyelia
Authors: Hayashi Tetsuo , Ueta Takayoshi , Kubo Masahiro , Maeda Takeshi , Shiba Keiichiro 
Published: February 2013

Object
The origin of posttraumatic syringomyelia is not completely understood. With respect to posttraumatic syringomyelia, the optimum management strategy for patients with spinal cord injury has also not been established. The authors hypothesized that reconstruction of the subarachnoid channels would reestablish CSF flow, thereby addressing the underlying cause of the syrinx formation. The authors performed a new type of surgery, subarachnoid–subarachnoid bypass (S–S bypass), in which an attempt was made to reestablish normal CSF circulation around the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of S–S bypass for posttraumatic syringomyelia.

Methods
Twenty consecutive patients with symptomatic posttraumatic syringomyelia who had progressive neurological symptoms and underwent S–S bypass were included in the study. The surgical procedure was as follows: a laminectomy was performed at the level of trauma, and a midline dural opening was made under a microscope. The arachnoid was exposed up to the area of normal arachnoid mater with normal CSF circulation. After dissection of the normal arachnoid mater at the cephalic and caudal sites, 1 or 2 tubes made of medical-grade silicone were inserted into the cephalic and caudal ends of the normal subarachnoid space. Bypass tubes were laid in the subdural space, and a watertight dural closure was accomplished using running sutures. The mean follow-up period was 48.2 months (range 12–93 months). The preoperative status and postoperative clinical course were assessed according to 3 grading systems: the Frankel grading system for global neurological status, the American Spinal Injury Association motor score for motor weakness, and the Klekamp system for bladder function. The major presenting symptoms or signs were assessed in terms of symptom improvement, stabilization, or deterioration. Preoperative and postoperative MRI was used to analyze the size and craniocaudal extension of the cavity.

Results
Twelve patients showed clinical improvement, 4 were stable, and 4 showed deterioration. The mean length of the syrinx observed on preoperative MRI was 9.9 spinal levels, and the mean Vaquero index was 62.3%. The mean length of the syrinx observed on postoperative MRI was 5.3 spinal levels, and the mean Vaquero index was 28.4%. These values were significantly lower than the preoperative values (p = 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions
This study showed that interference with CSF flow was the major cause of syrinx development and that reconstruction of CSF flow is the most important treatment strategy based on the cause of the syrinx. Subarachnoid–subarachnoid bypass, which can be performed without myelotomy, was not only a safe and effective surgical technique, but may also be a more physiological way of treating posttraumatic syringomyelia.
Ciència i moral. En els orígens de la maternitat totalitzant
Authors: Bolufer Mònica 
Published: February 2013

En la construcció i difusió com a model normatiu d’una imatge de la maternitat entesa com a vocació totalitzant, tasca exclusiva, destí natural i plena realització de les dones, el discurs científic, i de manera molt especial, el mèdic, ha exercit un paper clau. Explorarem els orígens d’aquest model en els textos mèdics divulgatius i la literatura de ficció del segle XVIII.
Transcriptomics of Wild‐Type Mice and Mice Lacking ADAMTS‐5 Activity Identifies Genes Involved in Osteoarthritis Initiation and Cartilage Destruction
Authors: Bateman John F. , Rowley Lynn , Belluoccio Daniele , Chan Ben , Bell Katrina , Fosang Amanda J. , Little Christopher B. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo identify changes in gene expression in mice with osteoarthritis (OA) in order to explore the mechanisms of the disease.MethodsGene expression profiling was performed in cartilage from mice with surgically induced OA. We used wild‐type (WT) mice and Adamts5Δcat mice, in which ADAMTS‐5 activity is lacking and aggrecan loss and cartilage erosion are inhibited, to distinguish gene expression changes that are independent of ADAMTS‐5 activity and cartilage breakdown. Mechanical instability was introduced into the knee joints of 10‐week‐old male mice via surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Cartilage from the developing lesion in the destabilized medial meniscus and corresponding regions in sham‐operated joints was harvested by microdissection at 1, 2, and 6 weeks postsurgery, and RNA was extracted, amplified, and hybridized to whole‐genome microarrays.ResultsSeveral previously identified OA‐related genes, including Ptgs2, Crlf1, and Inhba, and novel genes, such as Phdla2 and Il11, were up‐regulated in both WT mice and Adamts5Δcat mice, indicating that they are independent of ADAMTS‐5 activity. The altered expression of other genes, including Col10a1, the sentinel marker of cartilage hypertrophy, and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway genes, required ADAMTS‐5 activity. Cell death pathway genes were dysregulated, and Tp53, Foxo4, and Xbp1 endoplasmic reticulum–stress transcriptional networks were activated. Analysis of degradome genes identified up‐regulation of many proteases, including Mmp3, Capn2, and the novel cartilage proteases Prss46 and Klk8. Comparison with other studies identified 16 genes also dysregulated in rat and human OA as priorities for study.ConclusionWe have identified, for the first time, several genes that have an ADAMTS‐5–independent role in OA, identifying them as possible OA initiation candidates. This work provides new insights into the sequence of gene dysregulation and the molecular basis of cartilage destruction in OA.
MOVPE growth for photodiodes in 2.5 µm region with InGaAs/GaAsSb type‐II quantum wells
Authors: Fujii Kei , Ishizuka Takashi , Nagai Youichi , Iguchi Yasuhiro , Akita Katsushi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLow dark current photodiodes (PDs) in the short wavelength infrared (SWIR) region over 1.7 µm are expected to be used for many applications. InGaAs/GaAsSb type‐II quantum well (QW) structures are considered to be attractive material systems for realizing low dark current PDs, owing to lattice‐matching to InP substrates. In this report, we describe the successful operation of pin‐PDs with InGaAs/GaAsSb QWs with InP capping layers grown by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Distinct X‐ray diffraction satellite peaks and emissions from type‐II transition were observed. Electrical and optical characteristics of pin‐PDs, such as dependence of responsivity on the number of QWs, were investigated. Dark current was 9.0 µA/cm2 at 233 K and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 48% was obtained. These results indicate that it is possible to reduce the dark current of InGaAs/GaAsSb type‐II PDs by using the InP capping layers grown by MOVPE. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of Sb‐heterostructure backward diode for millimeter‐ and submillimeter‐wave detection
Authors: Aghdam Parisa Yadranjee , Zhao Huan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present modeling of Sb‐heterostructure backward tunneling diode (Sb‐HBD) for high efficient millimeter‐ and submillimeter wave detection. The diode heterostructure is modeled and optimized using TCAD software implementing a non‐local band‐to‐band tunneling model combining with the standard drift‐diffusion model. The physical device model was found to be in good agreement with reported experimental results. InAsSb/AlSb/AlGaSb structures were proposed and simulated considering the material growth. The potential of the Sb‐HBDs for high frequency operation applications is investigated. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling software development practices using reusable project patterns: a case study
Authors: Martín Diego , García Guzmán Javier , Urbano Julián , Amescua Antonio 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYSoftware process improvement in software development organizations is a complex task that can be solved using knowledge management strategies. The definition and use of process patterns is a proven approach to apply knowledge management strategies in software engineering organizations. One of the main problems for the effective application of process patterns is the difficulty of formalizing the knowledge about the development process using these approaches.In this paper, a framework to manage software project patterns is presented. This framework is composed of a model called reusable project pattern (RPP) and a tool called sdpReuser. It is able to formalize the knowledge on software development projects from software development methodologies, reference frameworks, best practices and also tacit knowledge, useful to software engineers.The authors carried out a case study at the University Carlos III of Madrid, where junior software engineers used RPP. This study shows that the quality of pattern formalization correlates with experience in specific software engineering methods, the quality of the references in software engineering practices and the collaboration among software engineers to develop an RPP. It also analyzed the usefulness of RPP information elements to help software engineers to identify the most appropriate RPP and how to adapt it to project restrictions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Implications of Pay-Rolling Agency Systems for Workers’ Statutory Rights in Pakistan
Authors: SHEIKH ABDULLAH ZAFAR 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe proliferation of agency employment in Pakistan is a serious social problem and a public policy concern because of the potentially negative implications for agency workers’ basic statutory rights. Agency workers are normally given a vastly different, often negligible, package of benefits compared to their permanent counterparts and are generally excluded from collective bargaining arrangements. Unions regard the use of agency employment as a threat to their jurisdiction and membership. This study explored the motives, nature and implications of agency employment in six case study organisations in Pakistan. A total of eighty-nine interviews, undertaken with employers’ representatives, agency and union officials and agency workers revealed sufficient evidence confirming previous anecdotal evidence that some employment agencies are not truly genuine and the set up was merely a legal fiction. Evidence suggested that agency employment often involves dubious, unfair, law-evading and at times illegal practices, such as the use of pay-rolling agencies. The pay-rolling agency system is potentially an attempt by employers to bypass statutory obligations concerning workers’ benefit entitlements and trade union rights by paying workers through an agency to illustrate the indirectness of employment. It thus appeared from the evidence that the use of temporary agency workers is, in many instances, a labour relations strategy rather than a matter of workforce flexibility, and challenges the widely held belief that temporary work has only been a natural and inevitable response to changes in the economy.
Exploring linkages between Consumer Food Co-operatives and Domestic Fair Trade in the United States
Authors: Duram Leslie , Mead Amber 
Published: February 2013

AbstractConsumer Food Co-operatives (co-ops) have provided consumers an alternative to corporate supermarkets and big-box stores since the 1960s. Producers seeking broader marketing opportunities often turn to co-ops. This study examines how, within alternative food networks (AFNs), co-ops play a role in the emergence of the Domestic Fair Trade (DFT) movement in the USA. The DFT movement is based on the idea that family farms and small- to mid-sized farms in the global north are facing many of the same pressures as producers in the global south. The Domestic Fair Trade Association (DFTA) in the USA is the umbrella organization for a variety of stakeholders. The DFTA seeks to ‘support family-scale farming, to reinforce farmer-led initiatives such as farmer co-operatives, and to bring these groups together with mission-based traders, retailers and concerned consumers to contribute to the movement for sustainable agriculture in North America’1. This study assessed five co-ops (through interviews and document analysis) to determine their experiences with integrating DFT into their business practices. The research reveals that DFT concepts are important to co-operative decision-makers, but they are faced with challenges when it comes to actually integrating DFT into their business model. Insight into stakeholder perceptions and professional-level DFT activities, indicates that co-ops will be a key factor in determining whether the DFT movement will succeed in the USA.
Renal function in heart failure: a disparity between estimating function and predicting mortality risk
Authors: Plischke Max , Neuhold Stephanie , Kohl Maria , Heinze Georg , Sunder‐Plassmann Gere , Pacher Richard , Hülsmann Martin 
Published: February 2013

AimsTo compare the predictive value of estimated renal function calculated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (eGFRCKD‐EPI), four‐variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (eGFRMDRD‐4), and Cockcroft–Gault [estimated creatinine clearance (eCcr)] equation in terms of all‐cause mortality in heart failure. Renal function is an important prognostic factor in heart failure. Established methods of estimating renal function are known to under‐/overestimate true function in certain settings.Methods and resultsA total of 800 systolic heart failure outpatients (mean age 57 ± 11.5 years, 82% male) were studied over a median follow‐up of 121 (Q1–Q3: 110–130) months. The highest systematic difference was seen between eCcr and eGFRMDRD‐4 [+12.33 points (mean), 95% limits of agreement –22.35 to 47.01; generalized kappa = 0.36]. eGFRMDRD‐4 and eGFRCKD‐EPI were the most similar [–4.16 points (mean), 95% limits of agreement –11.56 to 3.25; generalized kappa = 0.74]. Up to 35.4% of patients were reclassified into different estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories when comparing eGFRCKD‐EPI with eCcr and eGFRMDRD‐4. eGFRCKD‐EPI performed marginally better in terms of predicting all‐cause mortality than eGFRMDRD‐4, as univariate areas under the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), marginal and partial proportions of explained variation (PEV), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) for 5 years of follow‐up were significantly higher for eGFRCKD‐EPI than for eGFRMDRD‐4.ConclusionIn this cohort of heart failure patients, eGFRCKD‐EPI was marginally better in predicting all‐cause mortality than eGFRMDRD‐4. Estimated function differed widely between equations and is likely to have an effect on therapy choice.
Main Controlling Factors and Dominant Reservoir Series Analysis of Es3 in the Qibei Area of Qikou Sag
Authors: Xiugang PU , Wenzhong HAN , Shuangjun HUA , Wei ZHANG , Changwei CHEN 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBased on analysis of geophysical data such as core observation, rock slices identification, physical property, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, logging data etc., 16 factors of sedimentation, diagenesis, fluid pressure, and their relationships with reservoir physical property were analyzed, and the results indicate sedimentation is the internal factor controlling the reservoir property, diagenesis is the external and final decisive factor and abnormal fluid pressure is an important factor preserving the deep reservoir property. Quantitative characterization of diagenesis indicates that compaction and dissolution are more important than cementation and they respectively cause porosity change of −23.6% and 7.7% and −6.2%. Through optimizing 11 main controlling factors and constructing reservoir evaluation index (REI) according to the hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis, reservoir classification standard was established and reservoirs were divided into four classes. The studies show that Es32 SQ4 consists mainly of class 1 and II, while Es32 SQ6 is mainly of class III and II; the favorable zone is the north and south slope of Qibei sub‐sag and the Liujianfang fault‐nose. The successful application of the quantitative and comprehensive evaluation in the Qibei area verifies the advanced, practicable method of less artificial factor is suitable for the low porosity and permeability reservoir.
From high school to university: Impact of social networking sites on social capital in the transitions of emerging adults
Authors: Mazzoni Elvis , Iannone Maria 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn recent years, the huge success of social network sites (SNSs) has principally been determined by their ability to link people and their respective relationships. These relationships allow people to access different resources, information, emotional and social support, entertainment, as well as providing them with the opportunity to extend personal social ties. This paper investigates the way in which SNSs are used by emerging adults, defined as young people in the transition from adolescence to adulthood, and particularly those in their last year of high school or at university. The study focuses on different types of social capital and on the use of SNSs by emerging adults during this transitional phase in maintaining and developing relationships. Data collected from a questionnaire administered to 927 emerging adults show, first of all, the relevance of different types of social capital (bridging, bonding and maintaining) based on the student's position (high school, university first‐year student or university student). Second, the data analysis indicates that SNSs can be conceived as part of functional organs that support emerging adults in their ability to connect and to be connected to a social network and to develop and maintain it over time.
Thalidomide in systemic mastocytosis: results from an open‐label, multicentre, phase II study
Authors: Gruson Bérengère , Lortholary Olivier , Canioni Danielle , Chandesris Olivia , Lanternier Fanny , Bruneau Julie , Grosbois Bernard , Livideanu Cristina , Larroche Claire , Durieu Isabelle , Barete Stéphane , Sevestre Henri , Diouf Momar , Chaby Guillaume , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre , Dubreuil Patrice , Hermine Olivier , Damaj Gandhi 
Published: February 2013

SummaryMastocytosis can lead to organ failure as well as systemic symptoms that can be disabling, with considerable deterioration in quality of life. Beside symptomatic treatments, interferon‐α and purine analogues have been shown to be effective but complete or long‐term remission is rarely obtained with these drugs. We conducted a phase II, multicentre, study to investigate thalidomide in severely symptomatic indolent and aggressive systemic mastocytosis. Twenty patients were enrolled of whom 16 were analysed for response. The overall response rate was 56%. Responses were observed in the skin in 61% of patients with a significant decrease in the pruritus score. Mast cell mediator‐related symptoms responded in 71% of cases and 25% of aggressive systemic mastocytosis patients had a response in terms of B/C findings (borderline/cytoreduction needed). Bone marrow mast cell infiltration decreased in five of the eight evaluable patients. There was no significant improvement in the AFIRMM (Association Française pour les Initiatives de Recherche sur le Mastocyte et Les Mastocytoses), Quality of Life or Hamilton scores. Grade 3–4 toxicities consisted of peripheral neuropathy (11%) and myelosuppression (neutropenia: 5%; thrombocytopenia: 11%). In conclusion, thalidomide might be useful in mastocytosis and in the treatment of mast cell‐related symptoms. It might be considered in selected patients, taking into account the benefit/risk balance and the individual patient evaluation.