bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is next after transfer of care from hospital to home for stroke patients? Evaluation of a community stroke care service based in a primary care clinic
Authors: Lakhan Ram 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: Epilepsy is a disorder that is commonly found in people with intellectual disability (ID). The prevalence of epilepsy increases with the severity of ID. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and epilepsy in children with ID. Materials and Methods: A total of 262 children, aged 3-18 years, with ID were identified as part of a community‑based rehabilitation project. These children were examined for epilepsy and diagnosed by a psychiatrist and physicians based on results of electroencephalogram tests. A Spearman’s correlation (ρ) was used to determine if there was an association between IQ scores and the occurrence of epilepsy. X2 statistics used to examine the relationship of epilepsy with gender, socioeconomic status, population type, severity of ID, family history of mental illness, mental retardation, epilepsy, and coexisting disorder. Results: Spearman’s rho –0.605 demonstrates inverse association of IQ with epilepsy. X2 demonstrates statistically significant association (P < 0.05) with gender, severity of ID, cerebral palsy, behavior problems, and family history of mental illness, mental retardation, and epilepsy. Conclusions: Lower IQ score in children with ID has association with occurrence of epilepsy. Epilepsy is also found highly associated with male gender and lower age.
The Role of the Mayor – Between Political Vision and Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Dezman Zlatan 
Published: October 2013

This paper deals with anomalies of criminal law supervision of the legality of actions of local community officials in the Republic of Slovenia. It highlights some of the dilemmas that concern the limits of central state control over local
self-governing bodies. Therefore, the following will be analyzed: 1. the fundamental characteristics of the relationship between the central state and local self-governing entities; 2. the monitoring of the autonomy of local
self-governing bodies when they decide on matters within their original jurisdiction; 3. the role of the mayor as a representative, executive and supervisory individual authority; 4. an analysis of existing Slovenian criminal
case-law in that regard; and 5. concluding remarks.
New Formulas for Calculating the Lung‐to‐Head Ratio in Healthy Fetuses Between 20 and 40 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Kehl Sven , Eckert Sven , Berlit Sebastian , Tuschy Benjamin , Sütterlin Marc , Siemer Jörn 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop new formulas for the expected fetal lung area‐to‐head circumference ratio in normal singleton pregnancies between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation.MethodsThe lung‐to‐head ratio and complete fetal biometric parameters of 126 fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation were prospectively measured. The lung‐to‐head ratio was measured by 3 different methods (longest diameter, anteroposterior diameter, and tracing). Formulas for predicting right and left lung‐to‐head ratios with regard to gestational age and biometric parameters were derived by stepwise regression analysis.ResultsNew formulas for calculating right and left lung‐to‐head ratios by each measurement method were derived. The formulas included gestational age only and no biometric parameters.ConclusionsThe new formulas for estimating the expected lung‐to‐head ratio by the 3 different methods in normal singleton pregnancies up to 40 weeks' gestation may help improve the prognostic power of observed‐to‐expected lung‐to‐head ratio assessment in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernias.
Correlation Between Sonography and Antibody Activity in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Willms Arnulf , Bieler Dan , Wieler Helmut , Willms Diana , Kaiser Klaus P. , Schwab Robert 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesPatients with Hashimoto thyroiditis show structural changes of the thyroid that can be identified by a variety of sonographic criteria. We conducted this study to investigate whether there is a correlation between sonography and antibody activity and to assess the role of sonography in the diagnosis and follow‐up of Hashimoto thyroiditis. In addition, we present a new classification system (termed the VESINC system [volume, echogenicity, sonographic texture, pseudonodular hypoechoic infiltration, nodules, and cysts]), which helps improve the clarity of sonographic findings.MethodsThe study included 223 consecutive patients with previously diagnosed Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis who attended the thyroid clinic of the German Armed Forces Central Hospital in Koblenz for follow‐up examinations between 2006 and 2008. Laboratory tests were performed to measure the levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, anti‐thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs). Sonography was performed according to a strict protocol. We then assessed whether a correlation existed between antibody activity and the 6 sonographic variables of the VESINC system.ResultsHypoechogenicity, heterogeneity, and pseudonodular hypoechoic infiltration were associated with significantly higher TPOAb activity (P < .001). There were no significant correlations between the other sonographic variables examined (cysts, nodules, and volume) or the biometric data with the TPOAb and TgAb levels. In addition, an assessment of TgAb levels did not show significant differences in correlations with any of the sonographic variables.ConclusionsSonography is a noninvasive diagnostic imaging modality that provides information about the level of inflammatory activity. Markedly decreased echogenicity, heterogeneity, and multifocal pseudoinodular hypoechoic infiltration are indicative of a high level of inflammatory activity. The sonographic classification system presented here (VESINC system) can be a useful tool for comparing sonographic findings in a rapid and objective manner during follow‐up of Hashimoto thyroiditis.
Compositional heterogeneity of central peaks within the South Pole‐Aitken Basin
Authors: Moriarty D. P. , Pieters C. M. , Isaacson P. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsing high‐spectral and ‐spatial resolution Moon Mineralogy Mapper data, we investigate compositional variations across the central peak structures of four impact craters within the South Pole‐Aitken Basin (SPA). Two distinct causes of spectral diversity are observed. Spectral variations across the central peaks of Bhabha, Finsen, and Lyman are dominated by soil development, including the effects of space weathering and mixing with local materials. For these craters, the central peak structure is homogeneous in composition, although small compositional differences between the craters are observed. This group of craters is located within the estimated transient cavity of SPA, and their central uplifts exhibit similar mafic abundances. Therefore, it is plausible that they have all uplifted material associated with melts of the lower crust or upper mantle produced during the SPA impact. Compositional differences observed between the peaks of these craters reflect heterogeneities in the SPA subsurface, although the origin of this heterogeneity is uncertain. In contrast to these craters, Leeuwenhoek exhibits compositional heterogeneity across its central peak structure. The peak is areally dominated by feldspathic materials, interspersed with several smaller exposures exhibiting a mafic spectral signature. Leeuwenhoek is the largest crater included in the study and is located in a region of complex stratigraphy involving both crustal (feldspathic) and SPA (mafic melt and ejecta) materials. The compositional diversity observed in Leeuwenhoek's central peak indicates that kilometer‐scale heterogeneities persist to depths of more than 10 km in this region.
Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Carter David 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis overview covers the two main types of confocal scanner. Point scanners are more flexible and give the best resolution, while camera‐based systems can be more sensitive, faster, and more automated. The procedure for setting up and using these instruments is described in sufficient depth for basic operation. Beyond collecting single images, a Z‐series, which captures a volume of data, a kinetics series, collecting a sequence of images, and generation of a large montage image are all described. Confocal is an extension of regular fluorescence microscopy, with the ability to handle thicker and more heavily stained specimens and to work more precisely with physiological markers in live samples and organelle stains. Such techniques are highly divergent, depending on specimen type, so they cannot be covered in any detail here, but a general idea will give the user confidence to explore the literature and collect good data on their own systems. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech. 7:9.4.1‐9.4.36. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical properties of CaAl(SO4)2Br:RE (RE = Dy, Eu, Ce) novel phosphors
Authors: Deshmukh Priti B. , Puppalwar S. P. , Dhoble N. S. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA new phosphor CaAl(SO4)2Br doped with Dy, Ce and Eu is reported. Rare earth (Dy, Eu and Ce)‐doped polycrystalline CaAl(SO4)2Br phosphors were prepared using a wet chemical reaction method and studied for X‐ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics. Dy3+ emission in the CaAl(SO4)2Br lattice was observed at 484 and 574 nm in the blue and yellow regions of the spectrum, which are assigned to 4 F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4 F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions of the Dy3+ ion, respectively. While the PL emission spectra of CaAl(SO4)2Br:Ce phosphor showed Ce3+ emission at 347 nm due to 5d → 4f transition of the Ce3+ ion. In a CaAl(SO4)2Br:Eu lattice, Eu3+ emissions were observed at 593 and 617 nm, coming from the 5D0 → 7 F1 and 5D0 → 7 F2 electron transitions, respectively. The PL study showed that the intensity of electric dipole transition at 617 nm dominates over that of magnetic dipole transition at 590 nm. The maximum PL intensity was obtained for a 1 mol% concentration of Eu3+ in CaAl(SO4)2Br host lattice. The results showed that the material may be a promising candidate as a blue‐, yellow‐ and red‐emitting phosphor. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of manganese on apoptosis and glutathione content of cumulus cells during in vitro maturation in bovine oocytes
Authors: Anchordoquy Juan Patricio , Anchordoquy Juan Mateo , Picco Sebastián J. , Sirini Matías A. , Errecalde Ana Lía , Furnus Cecilia C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the effect of different Mn concentrations on (1) DNA integrity of cumulus cells by olive tail moment (OTM); (2) cumulus cells apoptosis by Annexin V staining assay; (3) intracellular total glutathione (GSH‐GSSG) content; and (4) oocyte nuclear maturation and embryo cleavage after in vitro fertilisation (IVF). For this purpose, 0 (control), 2 (Mn1), 5 (Mn2) and 6 ng/mL (Mn3) Mn concentrations were added to IVM medium. Comet assay analysed by OTM was significantly higher in cumulus cells arising from COCs matured without Mn (control, P < 0.01) respect to cumulus cells obtained from COCs matured with Mn (control: 5.18 ± 2.3; Mn1: 2.93 ± 2.2; Mn2: 2.63 ± 2.4; Mn3: 2.92 ± 2.4). The frequency of apoptotic cells was higher in the control group (control: 6.63 ± 0.59; Mn1: 5.05 ± 0.5; Mn2: 4.61 ± 0.49; Mn3: 3.33 ± 0.42). Intracellular concentration of GSH‐GSSG increased in oocytes and cumulus cells matured in the presence of Mn (P < 0.01). There were no differences in percentages of nuclear maturation when Mn was added to IVM medium at any concentration, but at 6 ng/mL Mn a higher cleavage rate was observed respect to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, deficiency in Mn concentration during in vitro maturation increased the damage in the DNA molecule and the frequency of apoptotic cumulus cells. However, the addition of an adequate Mn concentration (6 ng/mL Mn) to IVM medium improved the health of cumulus‐oocyte complexes and produced more cleaved embryos 48 h after IVF.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Wittig Olefination Reactions of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Trifluoromethylketones
Authors: Sha Qiang , Wei Yunyang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCuprous iodide‐catalyzed Wittig olefination reactions of N‐tosylhydrazones with trifluoromethylketones are reported. This procedure provides an efficient method for the synthesis of various trifluoromethyl‐substituted alkenes in moderate to good yields (up to 89 % yield) and good stereoselectivity (up to 93 % E‐selectivity). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report of a Wittig reaction of N‐tosylhydrazones with ketones.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Two Coumarin‐Type Derivatization Reagents for Fluorescence Detection of Chiral Amines and Chiral Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Mertens Matthias D. , Gütschow Michael 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of two fluorescent coumarin‐type chiral derivatization agents (4 and 11) is reported. A chiral side chain was introduced at position 7 of the coumarin via Mitsunobu reaction. The two coumarins bear in this side chain either a free amino group or a carboxyl group, making them useful for further transformations. Conjugates of chiral prototype drugs with 4 or 11 were prepared by amide coupling of the analyte's carboxyl group to the reagent's amine group, or vice versa. The separation of seven diastereomeric conjugates through achiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a common C18 column is demonstrated. Chirality 25:957–964, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Enantioselective Synthesis of the Anticonvulsant Drug Pregabalin (Lyrica) Based on a Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution Method
Authors: Mujahid Mohammad , Muthukrishnan Murugan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA practical and efficient enantioselective synthesis of the anticonvulsant drug pregabalin is described for the first time using Jacobsen's hydrolytic kinetic resolution of a terminal epoxide as a key step and a source of chirality. Chirality 25:965–969, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new fast‐lock, low‐jitter, and all‐digital frequency synthesizer for DVB‐T receivers
Authors: Gholami Mohammad , Rahimpour Hamid , Ardeshir Gholamreza , Miar‐Naimi Hossein 
Published: October 2013

SummaryLock time and convergence time are the most important challenges in delay‐locked loops (DLLs). In this paper we cover French very high frequency band with a novel all‐digital fast‐lock DLL‐based frequency synthesizer. Because this new architecture uses a digital signal processing unit instead of using phase frequency detector, charge pump, and loop filter in conventional DLL, therefore, it shows better jitter performance, lock time, and convergence speed than previous related works. Optimization methods are used to make input and output signals of the proposed DLL in phase. The proposed architecture is designed to cover all channels of French very high frequency band by choosing number of delay cells in signal path. Simulation has been done for 22–27 delay cells, and fREF = 16 MHz, which can produce output frequency in range of 176–216 MHz. Locking time is approximately 0.3 µs, which is equal to five clock cycles of reference clock. All of the simulation results show superiority of the proposed structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of flow and fine sediment dynamics on the turnover of stream invertebrate assemblages
Authors: Buendia Cristina , Gibbins Chris N. , Vericat Damià , Batalla Ramon J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTInteractions between flow regime, sediment dynamics and benthic invertebrates have seldom been studied in rivers experiencing naturally high suspended sediment loads. This paper examines invertebrate responses to hydrological and sedimentary processes over an annual cycle in a morphologically heterogeneous reach of a river that receives large volumes of fine sediment. Flow regime and sedimentary conditions showed a marked seasonal pattern, with fine sediment accumulating during low flows and after small flood events and not being removed until the large floods that occurred in autumn. The magnitude of sediment accumulation differed between habitats (e.g. being greater in pools than in riffles). The turnover in invertebrate assemblages, measured as beta diversity, was greatest in winter and decreased during summer as deposited fine sediment accumulated across the reach, suggesting that observed patterns of turnover were influenced by seasonal and habitat‐specific rates of sedimentation. Some of the spatial and temporal patterns in invertebrate assemblages were subtle, complex and difficult to interpret, but co‐inertia analysis indicated an overriding influence of low flows and associated sedimentation on their composition. Floods capable of entraining coarser bed material, along with smaller events accompanied by extensive mobilization of fine sediment, also influenced assemblages and resulted in immediate changes to assemblage composition and abundance. Assemblages appeared to exhibit resilience over the timescale of the study, with similar assemblages found at the beginning and at the end of the study period. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximizing the Solar Gain of a Grid‐Interactive Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant
Authors: Thakur Vidyotma , Chandel S. S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSolar photovoltaic (PV) power plants installed worldwide, are emerging as an alternative to fossil‐fuel‐based power plants. However, the poorly designed power plant not only escalates the cost but also results in inefficient power generation. The performance of a solar power plant depends on the solar energy received on the surface of solar panels installed at correct tilt angles and orientations for maximum solar gain. The tilt angle depends on the position of sun and has to be determined for different locations. The main objective of the paper is to study the effect of optimum tilt angles on power generation by a solar PV plant at any location, As a case study, the monthly, seasonal, and yearly optimum tilt angles are determined for a 190 kWp grid‐interactive solar power plant installed at Khatkar‐Kalan in India. The effects of optimum tilt angles on the energy yield of the solar power plant are studied. A comparative analysis of the simulated and measured energy yield of the power plant is also presented. The energy yields of the power plant determined at optimum yearly, seasonal, and monthly tilt angles are found to be enhanced by 25, 28, and 29 %, respectively, thus increasing the income generation by the power plant. The methodology followed can be used for enhancing the power produced by solar photovoltaic plants at any location worldwide.
Phytochemicals in fruits of Hawaiian wild cranberry relatives
Authors: Hummer Kim , Durst Robert , Zee Francis , Atnip Allison , Giusti M Monica 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) contain high levels of phytochemicals such as proanthocyanidins (PACs). These polymeric condensations of flavan‐3‐ol monomers are associated with health benefits. Our objective was to evaluate phytochemicals in fruit from Hawaiian cranberry relatives, V. reticulatum Sm. and V. calycinum Sm. Normal‐phase HPLC coupled with fluorescence and ESI‐MS detected PACs; the colorimetric 4‐dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) assay was used to determine total PACs. Spectrophotometric tests and reverse‐phase HPLC coupled to photodiode array and refractive index detectors evaluated phenolics, sugars, and organic acids. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the ORAC and FRAP assays.RESULTSAntioxidant capacities of Hawaiian berries were high. The FRAP measurement for V. calycinum was 454.7 ± 90.2 µmol L−1 Trolox equivalents kg−1 for pressed fruit. Hawaiian berries had lower peonidin, quinic and citric acids amounts and invert (∼1) glucose/fructose ratio compared with cranberry. Both Hawaiian Vaccinium species were good sources of PACs; they contained phenolics and PAC monomers, A and B‐type trimers, tetramers and larger polymers. Vaccinium reticulatum and V. calycinum showed comparable or higher PAC levels than in cranberry. Cranberries had higher percentage of A‐type dimers than did V. reticulatum. A and B‐type dimers were not differentiated in V. calycinum. The total PACs (as measured by DMAC) for V. calycinum (24.3 ± 0.10 mg catechin equivalents kg−1) were about twice that in cranberry.CONCLUSIONBerries of V. reticulatum and V. calycinum could serve as a rich dietary source of PACs, comparable to or greater than cranberries. These finding suggest that Hawaiian Vaccinium berries could be a functional food. Additional examination of the phytochemicals in other wild Vaccinium species is warranted. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Fatigue life estimation of non‐penetrated butt weldments in ligth metals by artificial neural network approach
Authors: Karakas Ö. , Tomasella A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study presents a model for estimating the fatigue life of magnesium and aluminium non‐penetrated butt‐welded joints using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The input parameters for the network are stress concentration factor Kt and nominal stress amplitude sa,n. The output parameter is the endurable number of load cycles N. Fatigue data were collected from the literature from three different sources. The experimental tests, on which the fatigue data are based, were carried out at the Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability (LBF), Darmstadt – Germany. The results determined with use of artificial neural network for welded magnesium and aluminium joints are displayed in the same scatter bands of SN‐lines. It is observed that the trained results are in good agreement with the tested data and artificial neural network is applicable for estimating the SN‐lines for non‐penetrated welded magnesium and aluminium joints under cyclic loading.
The investigation of effect of adherend thickness on scarf lap joints
Authors: Adin H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the mechanical behavior of the Scarf Lap Joints (SLJs) bonded with adhesive under a tensile load was analyzed. The effects of adherend thickness at the interface stress‐strain distributions of SLJs were examined. The stress‐strain analyses were performed by Finite Element Method (3D‐FEM). The 3D‐FEM code was employed with Ansys (Ver.12.0.1). Experimental results were compared with the 3D‐FEM results and were found quite reasonable. It was concluded that both experimental and 3D‐FEM failure loads were increased with increased adherend thickness. The results indicated that the maximum failure loads were determined at t=8 mm in all joints. The analysis of the SLJs under tensile load showed that the stress and strain concentrations occurred around the edges of the joints.
From curing kinetics to network structure: A novel approach to the modeling of the network buildup of epoxy–anhydride thermosets
Authors: Fernàndez‐Francos Xavier , Ramis Xavier , Serra Àngels 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe curing kinetics and network buildup during curing of epoxy–anhydride formulations using tertiary amines as initiators are reviewed in this work. A mechanism‐based kinetic and structural model has been defined, showing better prediction capabilities than previous living polymerization and simple regeneration models. The curing kinetics have been analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the gelation during curing has been determined by combined thermomechanical analysis and DSC. The effect of initiator content and epoxy equivalent weight are taken into account. The network buildup has been modeled using a stochastic network buildup model based on the random combination of primary chains generated by the kinetic model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 61–75