bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogenous Morphologic forms of Goiter in Autoimmune thyroid disease: An Insight based on a Prospective Surgical series of 88 cases
Authors: PRK Bhargav 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTTwo commonest forms of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) with a diffuse goiter. The nature of goiter apart from clinical presentation is crucial in the management of AITD. But, the goiter is not always diffuse, leading to diagnostic confusion. In this context, we conducted a prospective study on the goiter morphology in AITD. This is a prospective study conducted in Endocrine Surgery department of a teritiary care teaching hospital in South India over a period of 1 year. The cohort is a surgical series of 88 cases of AITD (GD = 53; HT = 35). Morphology of all the ex vivo specimens were studied, documented and correlated with clinical and radiological forms of goiter. Sex ratio was M:F = 74:14. Mean age for GD = 30.7 years (17-46) and HT = 38.2 years (31-52). In GD, the morphology was diffuse = 34; Unilateral hyperplasia (ULH) = 9; atrophic = 4; nodular = 5 and Marine Lenhart syndrome = 1. In HT, diffuse = 16; ULH = 10 and nodular goiter = 9. The correlation between the radiology and goitrous morphology was statistically significant and more concordant than clinico-morphological correlation. Autoimmune thyroid disease has heterogenous goitrous forms. Macroscopic morphological evaluation of goiter complements the clinicoradiological-pathological diagnosis of AITD leading to optimal diagnosis, counseling, follow-up.How to cite this articleBhargav PRK. Heterogenous Morphologic forms of Goiter in Autoimmune thyroid disease: An Insight based on a Prospective Surgical series of 88 cases. World J Endoc Surg 2014;6(2):71-76.
Paravesicular Paraganglioma manifesting as Chronic Hypertension and Hypertensive Crisis
Authors: Kundel Anna , Cai Yi , Young William , Thompson Geoffrey 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
We describe a woman with a rare extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma who presented with a chronic hypertension and a hypertensive crisis initiated by an invasive cardiac catheterization procedure. We present a case report, review the relevant literature, and discuss management strategies. A 49-year-old woman with a 4-year history of hypertension experienced a hypertensive crisis following a catheterization procedure. Evaluation of the episode led to identification of a catecholaminesecreting pelvic paraganglioma as confirmed by 24-hour urine fractioned metanephrines and catecholamines as well as magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was carefully pharmacologically prepared for surgical resection. Paragangliomas may exhibit 30% inheritability, and the patient was counseled on genetic testing for early diagnosis of tumor in family members. Catecholamine-secreting paragangliomas are rare tumors that may present as hypertensive emergencies. Diagnosis relies on biochemical testing followed by imaging to avoid crisis induced by invasive procedures. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, and pharmacological preparation for surgery begins at least 1 week prior to the procedure to ensure adequate adrenergic blockade. Following treatment for a paraganglioma, genetic testing should be recommended for early identification of affected family members.

How to cite this article
Cai Y, Kundel A, Young W, Thompson G. Paravesicular Paraganglioma manifesting as Chronic Hypertension and Hypertensive Crisis. World J Endoc Surg 2014; 6(2):85-88.
Functional Retroperitoneal Neuroblastoma and Ganglioneuroblastoma in Adults
Authors: Mahkamova Kamilla , Harrison Barney J 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTGanglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma are malignant catecholamine-secreting tumors arising from neural crest tissue. Thirty-eight cases of functional retroperitoneal extra-adrenal neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma in adults are reported in English literature. These tumors behave more aggressively in adults compared to children and have very poor prognosis. We report four adults who presented with retroperitoneal extraadrenal ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma between 2008 and 2012. Median age at presentation was 28.5 years (21-40 years). One patient was in late stages of pregnancy. Three patients presented with local pressure effects from the tumor and one patients manifested clinical features of catecholamine excess. Biochemical analysis showed raised urinary dopamine excretion in all our patients. Urinary noradrenaline and metanephrines were elevated in three cases. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging/meta-iodobenzylguanidine (CT/MRI/MIBG) confirmed stage IIB disease in one patient, stage III disease one patient and stage IV in two cases. Preoperative biopsy confirmed diagnosis in two cases. Complete surgical resection was performed in patient with stage II B disease and partial surgical resection was feasible in other cases. Histological diagnosis was ganglioneuroblastoma in two cases and neuroblastoma in two cases. Meta-iodobenzylglunidine/radiotherapy and chemotherapy were used for residual disease. Urinary catecholamines and metanephrines normalized after complete tumor resection but remained elevated in residual disease. Survival for neuroblastoma was 15 and 21 months after the surgery and 29 months for ganglioneuroblastoma. One patient remains free of disease at 6 months. Functioning ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma are rare in adults and only one other case ganglioneuroblastoma in pregnancy is reported in the world literature. Measurement of plasma/urinary excretion of catecholamines and their precursors and metabolites is helpful for diagnosis of neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma. Due to late presentation surgical resection is unlikely to be curative. Three of our patients developed local recurrence of disease. Urinary/plasma assay are used for monitoring disease relapse. Long-term survival is unusual.
Het Experiment resultaatgerelateerde beloning – verwachtingen over werking en doelbereiking
Authors: van Boom W.H. , de Jong M. 
Published: October 2014

Het Experiment resultaatgerelateerde beloning – verwachtingen over werking en doelbereiking
In deze bijdrage wordt verkend welke verwachtingen er onder advocaten, rechters en verzekeraars leven over de werking van het Experiment resultaatgerelateerde beloning en of dat experiment aan zijn doel zal beantwoorden. Het experiment staat onder voorwaarden toe dat een letselschadeadvocaat een ‘no cure, no pay’-afspraak met de benadeelde maakt. Het doel daarvan is het vergroten van de toegang tot het recht van letselschadeslachtoffers. Het is echter de vraag of er bij cliënten en advocaten een gedeelde behoefte bestaat om dergelijke afspraken te maken. Andere effecten zijn waarschijnlijker, zo voorspelt deze bijdrage.
Evaluation of cloud‐resolving and limited area model intercomparison simulations using TWP‐ICE observations: 1. Deep convective updraft properties
Authors: Varble Adam , Zipser Edward J. , Fridlind Ann M. , Zhu Ping , Ackerman Andrew S. , Chaboureau Jean‐Pierre , Collis Scott , Fan Jiwen , Hill Adrian , Shipway Ben 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTen 3‐D cloud‐resolving model simulations and four 3‐D limited area model simulations of an intense mesoscale convective system observed on 23–24 January 2006 during the Tropical Warm Pool‐International Cloud Experiment (TWP‐ICE) are compared with each other and with observed radar reflectivity fields and dual‐Doppler retrievals of vertical wind speeds in an attempt to explain published results showing a high bias in simulated convective radar reflectivity aloft. This high‐bias results from ice water content being large, which is a product of large, strong convective updrafts, although hydrometeor size distribution assumptions modulate the size of this bias. Making snow mass more realistically proportional to D2 rather than D3 eliminates unrealistically large snow reflectivities over 40 dBZ in some simulations. Graupel, unlike snow, produces high biased reflectivity in all simulations, which is partly a result of parameterized microphysics but also partly a result of overly intense simulated updrafts. Peak vertical velocities in deep convective updrafts are greater than dual‐Doppler‐retrieved values, especially in the upper troposphere. Freezing of liquid condensate, often rain, lofted above the freezing level in simulated updraft cores greatly contributes to these excessive upper tropospheric vertical velocities. The strongest simulated updraft cores are nearly undiluted, with some of the strongest showing supercell characteristics during the multicellular (presquall) stage of the event. Decreasing horizontal grid spacing from 900 to 100 m slightly weakens deep updraft vertical velocity and moderately decreases the amount of condensate aloft but not enough to match observational retrievals. Therefore, overly intense simulated updrafts may additionally be a product of unrealistic interactions between convective dynamics, parameterized microphysics, and large‐scale model forcing that promote different convective strengths than observed.
The roles of deep convection and extratropical mixing in the tropical tropopause layer: An in situ measurement perspective
Authors: Sargent Maryann R. , Smith Jessica B. , Sayres David S. , Anderson James G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe majority of air which enters the stratosphere passes through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), where the temperature profile and amount of deep convection set the entry level for stratospheric water vapor. We use simultaneous in situ measurements of ozone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heavy water vapor (HDO) from the 2006 Costa Rica Aura Validation Experiment and 2007 Tropical Composition, Cloud, and Climate Coupling campaigns in a one‐dimensional mixing model to investigate how different transport pathways in the TTL impact the amount of water vapor which enters the stratosphere. We focused on four main pathways: (1) slow upward ascent, (2) isentropic transport from the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere, (3) convective injection, and (4) descent within the TTL coupled to convection. Each pathway brings air into the TTL with a specific chemical signature, such that anomalies in simultaneously measured tracer concentrations can be used to identify the source of the air mass. We found that isentropic transport from the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere accounted for 20–60% of the air in the lower TTL and 20–40% of air above the tropopause, bringing elevated ozone concentrations which radiatively warm the TTL, impacting the amount of dehydration which takes place. Convective input accounted for on average ~30% of the air measured below 370 K potential temperature, and ~10% of air above the tropopause in both summer and winter, increasing water vapor concentrations above the tropopause by 0.3 ppmv on average and by up to 1.6 ppmv in some air masses.
Enantioselective Lewis‐Base‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Substituted Benzophenone N‐Aryl Imines: Efficient Synthesis of Chiral (Diarylmethyl)amines
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Min‐Min , Shu Chang , Zhang Yong‐Hong , Liao Li‐Hua , Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLewis‐base‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of substituted benzophenone N‐aryl imines was investigated. Among various chiral Lewis‐base catalysts, a catalyst derived from L‐Serine was found to be the most favorable one which promote the reaction to afford a series of (diarylmethyl)amines with high yields (up to 97 %) in moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee). The absolute configuration of the product was determined by the X‐ray crystallographic analysis.magnified image
Long‐term outcomes of endoscopic maxillary mega‐antrostomy for refractory chronic maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Costa Milena L. , Psaltis Alkis J. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundEndoscopic maxillary mega‐antrostomy (EMMA) is a revision surgical procedure for recalcitrant maxillary sinusitis in which medical therapy and endoscopic antrostomy have been unsuccessful. In 2008 our group published favorable outcomes of EMMA in 28 patients with relatively short follow‐up and nonvalidated outcome measures. This study reports an update of long‐term outcomes of this same cohort, as well as outcomes of an interval cohort of 94 patients using validated outcome measures.MethodsRetrospective review was performed for 122 patients (163 sides) who underwent EMMA between 2005 and 2013. For the original 2008 cohort, the original questionnaire from 2008 was readministered by telephone interview. For the interval cohort, preoperative and postoperative SNOT‐22 symptom scores and modified Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic scores were compared.ResultsThe original 2008 cohort of 28 patients, now with a mean follow‐up period of 6.9 years, demonstrated sustained improvement of symptoms. The outcomes were statistically comparable to the 2008 study, with 72.4% reporting complete or significant improvement, 27.6% reporting partial improvement, and 0% reporting worsening.
Mikrofluidische Isolierung von Nukleinsäuren
Authors: Reinholt Sarah J. , Baeumner Antje J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Detektion von Nukleinsäuren (NAs) in Mikrototalanalysesystemen (µTAS) für die patientennahe Diagnostik ist ein sich rasant entwickelndes Forschungsgebiet. Damit diese Systeme die höchste Effektivität erbringen, ist eine effiziente NA‐Isolierung aus der Ausgangsprobe entscheidend. Die Anwendung der Mikrofluidik erlaubt eine Reduktion der Probenmengen und des Reagentienverbrauchs, beschleunigt den Prozess, verhindert Verunreinigungen und kann zu einem automatisierten System führen. Durch die Implementierung von Mikrochips wurden neuartige Verfahren realisiert, die auf der makroskopischen Skala ungünstig und unbequem wären, aber eine exzellente Plattform für die mikroskopische NA‐Aufreinigung bieten. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die zahlreichen Verfahren zur NA‐Isolierung mithilfe miniaturisierter und mikrofluidischer Systeme sowie die zu berücksichtigenden Aspekte bei der Auswahl eines Verfahrens unter Einbeziehung der jeweiligen Vor‐ und Nachteile und der potenziellen Anwendungen. Die vorgestellten Verfahren umfassen die Nutzung von Silica‐basierten Oberflächen, funktionalisierten paramagnetischen Beads, Oligonukleotid‐modifizierten Polymeroberflächen, pH‐abhängig geladenen Oberflächen, Al2O3‐Membranen und Flüssigphasentrennung. Dieser Aufsatz liefert grundlegende Informationen, die zur Entwicklung einer Chemie benötigt werden, die eine Optimierung der Nukleinsäure‐Isolierung hin zu Effizienzen von 100 % ermöglichen soll.
Microfluidic Isolation of Nucleic Acids
Authors: Reinholt Sarah J. , Baeumner Antje J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe detection of nucleic acids (NAs) within micro total analysis systems (μTASs) for point‐of‐care use is a rapidly developing research area. The efficient isolation of NAs from a raw sample is crucial for these systems to be maximally effective. The use of microfluidics assists in reducing sample sizes and reagent consumption, increases speed, avoids contamination, and enables automation. Through miniaturization into microchips, new techniques have been realized that would be unfavorable and inconvenient to use on a macroscopic scale, but provide an excellent platform for the purification of NAs on a microscopic scale. This Review considers the complexities of NA isolation with miniaturized and microfluidic devices, as well as the considerations when choosing a technique for microfluidic NA isolation, along with their advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications. The techniques presented include using silica‐based surfaces, functionalized paramagnetic beads, oligonucleotide‐modified polymer surfaces, pH‐dependent charged surfaces, Al2O3 membranes, and liquid‐phase isolation. This Review provides a basis to develop the chemistry to improve NA isolation and move it toward achieving 100 % efficiencies.
High cell density cultivation of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 using glucose without the need for oxygen enriched air supply
Authors: Davis Reeta , Duane Gearoid , Kenny Shane T. , Cerrone Federico , Guzik Maciej W. , Babu Ramesh P. , Casey Eoin , O'Connor Kevin E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTHigh Cell Density (HCD) cultivation of bacteria is essential for the majority of industrial processes to achieve high volumetric productivity (g L−1 h−1) of a bioproduct of interest. This study developed a fed batch bioprocess using glucose as sole carbon and energy source for the HCD of the well described biocatalyst Pseudomonas putida KT2440 without the supply of oxygen enriched air. Growth kinetics data from batch fermentations were used for building a bioprocess model and designing feeding strategies. An exponential followed by linearly increasing feeding strategy of glucose was found to be effective in maintaining biomass productivity while also delaying the onset of dissolved oxygen (supplied via compressed air) limitation. A final cell dry weight (CDW) of 102 g L−1 was achieved in 33 h with a biomass productivity of 3.1 g L−1 h−1 which are the highest ever reported values for P. putida strains using glucose without the supply of pure oxygen or oxygen enriched air. The usefulness of the biomass as a biocatalyst was demonstrated through the production of the biodegradable polymer polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). When nonanoic acid (NA) was supplied to the glucose grown cells of P. putida KT2440, it accumulated 32% of CDW as PHA in 11 h (2.85 g L−1 h−1) resulting in a total of 0.56 kg of PHA in 18 L with a yield of 0.56 g PHA g NA−1. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 725–733. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of chitosan coating on a bacteria‐based alginate microrobot
Authors: Park Sung Jun , Lee Yu Kyung , Cho Sunghoon , Uthaman Saji , Park In‐Kyu , Min Jung‐Joon , Ko Seong Young , Park Jong‐Oh , Park Sukho 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTTo develop an efficient bacteria‐based microrobot, first, therapeutic bacteria should be encapsulated into microbeads using biodegradable and biocompatible materials; second, the releasing rate of the encapsulated bacteria for theragnostic function should be regulated; and finally, flagellated bacteria should be attached on the microbeads to ensure the motility of the microrobot. For the therapeutic bacteria encapsulation, an alginate can be a promising candidate as a biodegradable and biocompatible material. Owing to the non‐regulated releasing rate of the encapsulated bacteria in alginate microbeads and the weak attachment of flagellated bacteria on the surface of alginate microbeads, however, the alginate microbeads cannot be used as effective cargo for a bacteria‐based microrobot. In this paper, to enhance the stability of the bacteria encapsulation and the adhesion of flagellated bacteria in alginate microbeads, we performed a surface modification of alginate microbeads using chitosan coating. The bacteria‐encapsulated alginate microbeads with 1% chitosan coating maintained their structural integrity up to 72 h, whereas the control alginate microbead group without chitosan coating showed severe degradations after 24 h. The chitosan coating in alginate microbeads shows the enhanced attachment of flagellated bacteria on the surface of alginate microbeads. The bacteria‐actuated microrobot with the enhanced flagellated bacteria attachment could show approximately 4.2 times higher average velocities than the control bacteria‐actuated microrobot without chitosan coating. Consequently, the surface modification using chitosan coating enhanced the structural stability and the motility of the bacteria‐based alginate microrobots. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 769–776. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictors of Strength of In‐Group Identity in Northern Ireland: Impact of Past Sectarian Conflict, Relative Deprivation, and Church Attendance
Authors: Goeke‐Morey Marcie C. , Cairns Ed , Taylor Laura K. , Merrilees Christine E. , Shirlow Peter , Cummings E. Mark 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSocial identity in Northern Ireland is multifaceted, with historical, religious, political, social, economic, and psychological underpinnings. Understanding the factors that influence the strength of identity with the Protestant or Catholic community, the two predominate social groups in Northern Ireland, has implications for individual well‐being as well as for the continuation of tension and violence in this setting of protracted intergroup conflict. This study examined predictors of the strength of in‐group identity in 692 women (mean age 37 years) in post‐accord Northern Ireland. For Catholics, strength of in‐group identity was positively linked to past negative impact of sectarian conflict and more frequent current church attendance, whereas for Protestants, strength of in‐group identity was related to greater status satisfaction regarding access to jobs, standard of living, and political power compared with Catholics; that is, those who felt less relative deprivation. The discussion considers the differences in the factors underlying stronger identity for Protestants and Catholics in this context. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oligosiloxane Functionalized with Pendant (1,3‐Bis(9‐carbazolyl)benzene) (mCP) for Solution‐Processed Organic Electronics
Authors: Sun Dianming , Yang Zhaomin , Ren Zhongjie , Li Huihui , Bryce Martin R. , Ma Dongge , Yan Shouke 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new oligosiloxane derivative (ODCzMSi) functionalized with the well‐known 1,3‐bis(9‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) pendant moiety, directly linked to the silicon atom of the oligosiloxane backbone, has been synthesized and characterized. Compared to mCP, the attachment of the oligosiloxane chain significantly improves the thermal and morphological stabilities with a high decomposition temperature (Td=540 °C) and glass transition temperature (Tg=142 °C). The silicon–oxygen linkage of ODCzMSi disrupts the backbone conjugation and maintains a high triplet energy level (ET=3.0 eV). A phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (PhOLED) using iridium bis(4,6‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C2 picolinate (FIrpic) as the emitter and ODCzMSi as the host shows a relatively low turn‐on voltage of 5.0 V for solution‐processed PhOLEDs, maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.2 %, and maximum current efficiency of 17.7 cd A−1. The overall performance of this device is competitive with the best reported solution‐processed blue PhOLEDs. Memory devices using ODCzMSi as an active layer exhibit non‐volatile write‐once read‐many‐times (WORM) characteristics with high stability in retention time up to 104 s and a low switch on voltage. This switching behaviour is explained by different stable conformations of ODCzMSi with high or low conductivity states which are obtained under the action of electric field through a π–π stacking alignment of the pendant aromatic groups. These results with both PhOLEDs and memory devices demonstrate that this oligosiloxane–mCP hybrid structure is promising and versatile for high performance solution‐processed optoelectronic applications.
Colorimetric Solvent Indicators Based on Nafion Membranes Incorporating Nickel(II)‐Chelate Complexes
Authors: Hosokawa Hitoshi , Funasako Yusuke , Mochida Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo develop solvent‐recognition films, Nafion membranes incorporating cationic nickel‐chelate complexes, that is, [Ni(L1)(L2)]+ (HL1=acetylacetone, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedione; L2=N,N‐diethylethylenediamine, N‐butyl‐N,N′,N′‐trimethylethylenediamine), were prepared. Immersion of the films in various solvents effected the color changes varying from red to pale blue green depending on the donor number of the solvents. The color change is based on an equilibrium shift between square‐planar and solvent‐coordinated octahedral geometries of the cations. The degree of the color change depended on the affinity of the incorporated complex to the solvent molecules. The films were robust and exhibited a reversible solvent response. The films exhibited thermochromism when a small amount of appropriate solvents were incorporated and changed from pale blue green at low temperatures to red at high temperatures.