bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt Resistant PPy/MXene Flexible Waffle Type Fabric for Efficient Solar Evaporation and Water Purification Production
Authors: Su Jinbu , Xie Yunong , Zhang Pengkui , Zhang Kuangtaibei , Wang Jilun , Zhao Heng , Xu Yuyi , Lin Xuli , Shi Chenyi , Cao Xiaoyu , Wang Chengbing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, with the development of solar seawater desalination technology, many solar evaporators are affected by precipitated salts during the evaporation process, which can reduce efficiency. In this work, flexible fabrics made of polypyrrole (PPy)/MXene are obtained by impregnating the prepared PPy ink onto waffle like fabrics. The combination of PPy and fabric greatly improves the water absorption and evaporation performance of the fabric. The average evaporation rate of this structure is 1.43 kg m−2 h−1, and the average evaporation efficiency under a single light source is 85.13%. After a 15‐h testing cycle and a total of 8 cycles, lasting nearly 120 h, the performance of the device remained stable. The structural characteristics of waffle fabric, based on the Marangoni thermal effect, make it possible to suppress salt precipitation during evaporation, avoiding large salt particles covering the evaporation surface and reducing efficiency. This experiment successfully demonstrated long‐term stable water evaporation, providing new ideas for the development of fabric evaporators.
Broadband circularly polarized MIMO antenna in single layer substrate for Wi‐Fi 7 applications
Authors: Srinivas Guthi , Sanjeeva Reddy B. R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a MIMO antenna with broadband circular polarization is designed in a single‐layer substrate for the next‐generation Wi‐Fi 7 applications. The top of the substrate is designed with a periodic array of 5 × 5 circle patches and orthogonally placed four L‐shaped aperture CPW feeds on the bottom face of the substrate are used to feed the patches. The stubs are arranged across the apertures to achieve a broad bandwidth. The array of patches is used to achieve high gain over resonant frequency range and L‐shaped apertures are used to achieve circular polarization. The designed antenna with the above specifications has gained an impedance bandwidth of 20.4% (5.37–6.59 GHz), a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth over the entire resonant frequency range of 25.61% (5.14–6.65 GHz) and a peak gain of 8.5dBi.
Addressing intra‐ and inter‐institution variability of a radiomic framework based on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in prostate cancer
Authors: Morelli Letizia , Paganelli Chiara , Marvaso Giulia , Parrella Giovanni , Annunziata Simone , Vicini Maria Giulia , Zaffaroni Mattia , Pepa Matteo , Summers Paul Eugene , De Cobelli Ottavio , Petralia Giuseppe , Jereczek‐Fossa Barbara Alicja , Baroni Guido 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease, making tailored treatment approaches challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), notably diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and the derived Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps, plays a crucial role in PCa characterization. In this context, radiomics is a very promising approach able to disclose insights from MRI data. However, the sensitivity of radiomic features to MRI settings, encompassing DWI protocols and multicenter variations, requires the development of robust and generalizable models.PurposeTo develop a comprehensive radiomics framework for noninvasive PCa characterization using ADC maps, focusing on identifying reliable imaging biomarkers against intra‐ and inter‐institution variations.Materials and methodsTwo patient cohorts, including an internal cohort (118 PCa patients) used for both training (75%) and hold‐out testing (25%), and an external cohort (50 PCa patients) for independent testing, were employed in the study. DWI images were acquired with three different DWI protocols on two different MRI scanners: two DWI protocols acquired on a 1.5‐T scanner for the internal cohort, and one DWI protocol acquired on a 3‐T scanner for the external cohort. One hundred and seven radiomics features (i.e., shape, first order, texture) were extracted from ADC maps of the whole prostate gland. To address variations in DWI protocols and multicenter variability, a dedicated pipeline, including two‐way ANOVA, sequential‐feature‐selection (SFS), and ComBat features harmonization was implemented. Mann–Whitney U‐tests (α = 0.05) were performed to find statistically significant features dividing patients with different tumor characteristics in terms of Gleason score (GS) and T‐stage. Support‐Vector‐Machine models were then developed to predict GS and T‐stage, and the performance was assessed through the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver‐operating‐characteristic curves.ResultsDownstream of ANOVA, two subsets of 38 and 41 features stable against DWI protocol were identified for GS and T‐stage, respectively. Among these, SFS revealed the most predictive features, yielding an AUC of 0.75 (GS) and 0.70 (T‐stage) in the hold‐out test. Employing ComBat harmonization improved the external‐test performance of the GS model, raising AUC from 0.72 to 0.78.ConclusionBy incorporating stable features with a harmonization procedure and validating the model on an external dataset, model robustness, and generalizability were assessed, highlighting the potential of ADC and radiomics for PCa characterization.
Joint estimation of compartment‐specific T2 relaxation and tumor microstructure using multi‐TE IMPULSED MRI
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Harkins Kevin D. , Xie Jingping , Wang Jian , Zu Zhongliang , Gore John C. , Xu Junzhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to assess how T2 heterogeneity biases IMPULSED‐derived metrics of tissue microstructure in solid tumors and evaluate the potential of estimating multi‐compartmental T2 and microstructural parameters simultaneously.MethodsThis study quantifies the impact of T2 relaxation on IMPULSED‐derived microstructural parameters using computer simulations and in vivo multi‐TE IMPULSED MRI in five tumor models, including brain, breast, prostate, melanoma, and colon cancer. A comprehensive T2 + IMPULSED method was developed to fit multi‐compartmental T2 and microstructural parameters simultaneously. A Bayesian model selection approach was carried out voxel‐wisely to determine if the T2 heterogeneity needs to be included in IMPULSED MRI in cancer.ResultsSimulations suggest that T2 heterogeneity has a minor effect on the estimation of d in tissues with intermediate or high cell density, but significantly biases the estimation of with low cell density. For the in vivo animal experiments, all IMPULSED metrics except are statistically independent on TE. For B16 tumors, the IMPULSED‐derived exhibited a notable increase with longer TEs. For MDA‐MB‐231 tumors, IMPULSED‐derived showed a significant increase with increasing TEs. The T2 + IMPULSED‐derived of all five tumor models are consistently smaller than .ConclusionsThe findings from this study highlight two key observations: (i) TE has a negligible impact on IMPULSED‐derived cell sizes, and (ii) the TE‐dependence of IMPULSED‐derived intracellular volume fractions used in T2 + IMPULSED modeling to estimate and . These insights contribute to the ongoing development and refinement of non‐invasive MRI techniques for measuring cell sizes.
A survey on optimization studies of group centrality metrics
Authors: Camur Mustafa Can , Vogiatzis Chrysafis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCentrality metrics have become a popular concept in network science and optimization. Over the years, centrality has been used to assign importance and identify influential elements in various settings, including transportation, infrastructure, biological, and social networks, among others. That said, most of the literature has focused on nodal versions of centrality. Recently, group counterparts of centrality have started attracting scientific and practitioner interest. The identification of sets of nodes that are influential within a network is becoming increasingly more important. This is even more pronounced when these sets of nodes are required to induce a certain motif or structure. In this study, we review group centrality metrics from an operations research and optimization perspective for the first time. This is particularly interesting due to the rapid evolution and development of this area in the operations research community over the last decade. We first present a historical overview of how we have reached this point in the study of group centrality. We then discuss the different structures and motifs that appear prominently in the literature, alongside the techniques and methodologies that are popular. We finally present possible avenues and directions for future work, mainly in three areas: (i) probabilistic metrics to account for randomness along with stochastic optimization techniques; (ii) structures and relaxations that have not been yet studied; and (iii) new emerging applications that can take advantage of group centrality. Our survey offers a concise review of group centrality and its intersection with network analysis and optimization.
Occupational stress and associated sources and risk factors among nurses in Gaza strip, Palestine: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Albelbeisi Ahmed Hassan , Al‐amoudi Sameh Musleh , Anabri Azadeh , Obaid Hassan Abu , Alijla Fady , Kakemam Edris 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo determine the occurrence of occupational stress among Palestinian nurses, and their associated sources and risk factors.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive design.MethodsA total of 250 registered nurses from eight governmental hospitals, using a convenience sampling method. Data collection were conducted using the 30‐items self‐reported Occupational Stress Scale from December 2022 to March 2023. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to analysis data.Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent sample t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of high occupational stress levels was 64.8% (Mean = 3.9 out of 5). The main sources of stress are too much responsibility and work, understaffing, lack of promotion and recognition, inadequate pay, time pressure, and management style. The results regression analysis demonstrated that male nurses with a Masters or PhD degree and those working in fixed shifts experienced higher occupational stress. Moreover, participants who worked overtime hours were more susceptible to stress.ConclusionsThe research indicates that occupational stress presents a notable challenge for nurses in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. It suggests that in order to alleviate this stress, decision‐makers in healthcare policy and hospital management should prioritize the execution of strategies aimed at addressing the primary stressors and risk factors identified.Reporting MethodThis study adhered to the STROBE guidelines.Public ContributionA total of 250 registered nurses were taken part in this study by answering a self‐administered study survey.
Fabrication of highly thermal conductive epoxy/graphite@La2O3 composite coating with anti‐erosion and mechanical flexibility
Authors: Pan Zihe , Liu Yanhong , Ai Xin , Wang Fei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHighly thermal conductive polymer coating is delivered from blending thermal conductive fillers, yet sacrificing the mechanical properties, e.g. anti‐erosion, and mechanical flexibility. In this work, highly thermal conductive, mechanical flexible and anti‐erosion epoxy resin (EP)/graphite@La2O3 composite coating was developed via chemically modification. Polydopamine (PDA), γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and n‐octyltrichlorosilane were used to graft La2O3 particles onto graphite (graphite@La2O3) to enhance interfacial compatibility. Graphite@La2O3 homogeneously dispersed in epoxy forming more thermal conductive pathways and layered structure. In‐plane and cross‐plane thermal conductivity of EP/graphite@La2O3 coating was 2.06 and 1.7 W/(m K), respectively. The temperature of EP/graphite@La2O3 composite coating increased from room temperature to 107.2°C in 60 s while the temperature of EP/graphite coating increased to 59.9°C within 60 s. Furthermore, dispersing graphite@La2O3 into epoxy significantly decreased the weight loss percentage from 0.17 to 0.05 mg/g while the hardness increased from around 7.0–16.77 HV, respectively. The fracture stress and strain of EP/graphite@La2O3 coating was 25 MPa and 6.0%, respectively, which is two times of EP/graphite coating. This is attributed to the chemically grafting La2O3 particles enhanced the interfacial compatibility, homogeneous dispersion and the formation of layered structures in epoxy. This study provides an effective approach to prepare thermal conductive epoxy coatings with multifunctional mechanical properties.Highlights
La2O3 nanoparticles grafted on graphite successfully.
Mechanical flexibility and anti‐erosion were improved by chemical grafting.
Chemical modification improves the interfacial compatibility.
The utilization of La2O3 nanoparticles induced the formation of layer structure.
Layered structure offsets the stress improving thermal and mechanical property.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Fetal Cardiac Rhabdomyoma With or Without mTOR Inhibitors, a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mustafa Hiba J. , Javinani Ali , Morning Makayla L. , D'Antonio Francesco , Pagani Giorgio , Puranik Poonam M. , Khalil Asma , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the characteristics and outcomes of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma with or without prenatal use of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi).Search StrategyWe systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until June 2023.Selection CriteriaStudies reporting on pregnancies with fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma were included.Data Collection and AnalysisA meta‐analysis of proportions was conducted only on studies that included three or more cases.ResultsA systematic review included 61 studies reporting on 400 fetuses with cardiac rhabdomyoma, of which 52 studies (389 fetuses) had expectant management and 9 studies (11 fetuses) were managed with mTORi. The meta‐analysis included 26 studies reporting on 354 fetuses. Prenatally, 14% (95% CI 4–36) had pericardial effusion, 13% (95% CI 6–27) had arrhythmia, 16% (95% CI 7–31) had outflow tract obstruction, and 10% (95% CI 4–21) had hydrops. Fetal demise occurred in 12% (95% CI 5–30). Before delivery, tumor size reduction was noted in 13%, and after birth in 58%. Following birth, 8% (95% CI 3–14) had neonatal death and 9% (95% 4–17) required cardiac surgery. 60% (95% CI 41–79) of cases were diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis. Seizures were reported only in cases with a tuberous sclerosis diagnosis (41/71 infants). For the 9 studies reporting all together on 11 fetuses with tuberous sclerosis receiving prenatal mTORi, they showed improvement in the size of cardiac rhabdomyoma as well as outflow obstruction and none had fetal demise or neonatal death, and none required postnatal cardiac surgery.ConclusionsWe report on the natural history of prenatal cardiac rhabdomyoma, including characteristics, progression, and survival. We report 11 fetuses with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyoma receiving prenatal mTORi, showing promising results.
Electrical Performance, Loss Analysis, and Efficiency Potential of Industrial‐Type PERC, TOPCon, and SHJ Solar Cells: A Comparative Study
Authors: Wang Qinqin , Guo Kaiyuan , Gu SiWen , Huang Wei , Peng Hui , Wu Wangping , Ding Jianning 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTCurrently, the efficiency of p‐type passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) cells has been growing at an absolute efficiency of 0.5% per year and has reached 23%–23.5% in mass production while getting closer to its theoretical efficiency limit. n‐Type tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) and silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells with their superior “passivating selective contacts” technology were the most interesting photovoltaics (PV) technology in the industry. The effect of different passivated contact layers with respect to their influence on the J0, J0,metal, ρc, and the carrier selectivity (S10) and the loss analysis and efficiency potential of industrial‐type PERC, TOPCon, and SHJ solar cells were studied and compared. The results showed that TOPCon structure with a high passivation performance and good optical performance is more suitable for bifacial solar cell and the highest theoretical limiting efficiency with metal shading on the n‐type Si wafer (ηb,e,h,m,max) can be achieved to 27.62%. Although SHJ structure with the highest passivation performance but the worst optical performance owing to the parasitic absorption of a‐Si:H layer and high contact resistivity, the value of ηb,e,h,m,max is 0.7% lower than that of TOPCon solar cells. PERC structure has superior optical performance than SHJ structure, but due to poor passivation performance, the ηb,e,h,m,max is only 26.42%. The next‐generation products may be heterojunction back‐contact (HBC) and TOPCon back‐contact (TBC) cells with high ηb,e,h,m,max of 28.12% and 27.99%, respectively. Exploiting a perfect passivation of the noncontact area, the wide process window and low cost are required and transferring these new concepts to industrial solar cell production will be the next major challenge.
Mechanistic Insight Into the Conformational Changes of Cas8 Upon Binding to Different PAM Sequences in the Transposon‐Encoded Type I‐F CRISPR‐Cas System
Authors: Alalmaie Amnah , Khashan Raed 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe INTEGRATE system is a gene‐editing approach that offers advantages over the widely used CRISPR‐Cas9 system. It does not introduce double strand breaks in the target DNA but rather integrates the desired DNA sequence directly into it. The first step in the integration process is PAM recognition, which is critical to understanding and optimizing the system. Experimental testing revealed varying integration efficiencies of different PAM mutants, and computational simulations were carried out to gain mechanistic insight into the conformational changes of Cas8 during PAM recognition. Our results showed that the interaction between Arg246 and guanine at position (−1) of the target strand is critical for PAM recognition. We found that unfavorable interactions in the 5′‐AC‐3′ PAM mutant disrupted this interaction and may be responsible for its 0% integration efficiency. Additionally, we discovered that PAM sequences not only initiate the integration process but also regulate it through an allosteric mechanism that connects the N‐terminal domain and the helical bundle of Cas8. This allosteric regulation was present in all PAMs tested, even those with lower integration efficiencies, such as 5′‐TC‐3′ and 5′‐AC‐3′. We identified the Cas8 residues that are involved in this regulation. Our findings provide valuable insights into PAM recognition mechanisms in the INTEGRATE system and can help improve the gene‐editing technology.
Effects of ttk on development and courtship of male Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Feng Bo , Hu Yang , Wang Fang‐Hai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe transcription product of tramtrack (ttk) is an important transcription factor which plays many roles in the regulation of the development, differentiation and chromosome recombination of organisms. Few studies have been reported on the specific functions of ttk in other insects except Drosophila melanogaster. Our aims are to reveal the ttk effects on development and courtship of male rice pest brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens.RESULTSIn this study, we first assayed spatiotemporal expression of ttk in BPH, then treated the fourth nymphs of BPH with dsttk. We found most individuals died before emerging to adults, the adult eclosion rate was only 18.89%. No courtship behavior was found in individuals injected with dsttk. Further research showed that the main frequency of courtship vibration signal (CVS) 431.3 Hz in the individuals injected with dsttk was significantly higher than 223 Hz in the individuals injected with dsGFP, and female adults nearly had no response to the 431.3 Hz CVS.CONCLUSIONWe found that about 81% of the 4‐instar nymphs of BPH treated with dsttk died before they emerged as adults, the successfully emerged adults emitted the 431.3 Hz CVS to which female adults did not respond and lost the ability of courtship. This was first finding about the functions of ttk in rice planthopper and illustrated the potential of ttk as target for RNAi to control rice planthopper. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modeling of HIV‐1 prophylactic efficacy and toxicity with islatravir shows non‐superiority for oral dosing, but promise as a subcutaneous implant
Authors: Kim Hee‐yeong , Zhang Lanxin , Hendrix Craig W. , Haberer Jessica E. , von Kleist Max 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHIV prevention with pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) constitutes a major pillar in fighting the ongoing epidemic. While daily oral PrEP adherence may be challenging, long‐acting (LA‐)PrEP in oral or implant formulations could overcome frequent dosing with convenient administration. The novel drug islatravir (ISL) may be suitable for LA‐PrEP, but dose‐dependent reductions in T cell and lymphocyte counts were observed at high doses. We developed a mathematical model to predict ISL pro‐drug levels in plasma and active intracellular ISL‐triphosphate concentrations after oral vs. subcutaneous implant dosing. Using phase II trial data, we simulated antiviral effects and estimated HIV risk reduction for multiple dosages and dosing frequencies. We then established exposure thresholds where no adverse effects on immune cells were observed. Our findings suggest that implants with 56–62 mg ISL offer effective HIV risk reduction without reducing lymphocyte counts. Oral 0.1 mg daily, 3–5 mg weekly, and 10 mg biweekly ISL provide comparable efficacy, but weekly and biweekly doses may affect lymphocyte counts, while daily dosing regimen offered no advantage over existing oral PrEP. Oral 0.5–1 mg on demand provided protection, while not being suitable for post‐exposure prophylaxis. These findings suggest ISL could be considered for further development as a promising and safe agent for implantable PrEP.
Sensitivity analysis for sets: Application to pollutant concentration maps
Authors: Fellmann Noé , Pasquier M. , Blanchet‐Scalliet C. , Helbert C. , Spagnol A. , Sinoquet D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe are motivated by the field of air quality control, where one goal is to quantify the impact of uncertain inputs such as meteorological conditions and traffic parameters on pollutant dispersion maps. Sensitivity analysis is one answer, but the majority of sensitivity analysis methods are designed to deal with scalar or vector outputs and are badly suited to an output space of maps. To address this problem, we propose a generic approach to sensitivity analysis of set‐valued models. This approach can be applied to the case of maps. We propose and study three different types of sensitivity indices. The first ones are inspired by Sobol' indices but adapted to sets based on the theory of random sets. The second ones adapt universal indices defined for a general metric output space. The last set of indices uses kernel‐based sensitivity indices adapted to sets. The proposed methods are implemented and tested to perform an uncertainty analysis for a toy excursion set problem and for time‐averaged concentration maps of pollutants in an urban environment.