bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Tumor Volume Doubling Time and Progression-Free Survival in Untreated Patients from Patient-Derived-Xenograft (PDX) Models: A Translational Model-Based Approach
Authors: Tosca E. M. , Ronchi D. , Rocchetti M. , Magni P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTumor volume doubling time (TVDT) has been shown to be a potential surrogate marker of biological tumor activity. However, its availability in clinics is strongly limited due to ethical and practical reasons, as its assessment requires at least two subsequent tumor volume measurements in untreated patients. Here, a translational modeling framework to predict TVDT distributions in untreated cancer patient populations from tumor growth data in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice is proposed. Eleven solid cancer types were considered. For each of them, a set of tumor growth studies in PDX mice was selected and analyzed through a mathematical model to characterize the distribution of the exponential tumor growth rate in mice. Then, assuming an exponential growth of the tumor mass in humans, the growth rates were scaled from PDX mice to humans through an allometric scaling approach and used to predict TVDTs in untreated patients. A very good agreement was found between model predicted and clinically observed TVDTs, with 91% of the predicted TVDT medians fell within 1.5-fold of observations. Further, exploiting the intrinsic relationship between tumor growth dynamics and progression free survival (PFS), the exponential growth rates in humans were used to generate the expected PFS curves in absence of anticancer treatment. Predicted curves were extremely close to published PFS data from studies involving patient cohorts treated with supportive care or low effective therapies. The proposed approach shows promise as a potential tool to increase knowledge about TVDT in humans without the need of directly measuring tumor dimensions in untreated patients, and to predict PFS curves in untreated patients, that could fill the absence of placebo-controlled arms against which to compare treaded arms during clinical trials. However, further validation and refinement are needed to fully assess its effectiveness in this regard.
Evaluating Linear Heuristics for Ventricular Volume in Healthy Adults Using a Fully Automated Algorithm: Implications for Defining the Normal
Authors: Taha Birra R. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Linear metrics for ventricular volume play a large role in the rapid, approximate evaluation of ventricular volume. In this article, we automatically extract linear measures of ventricular volume to explore their correlation with lateral ventricular volume (LVV) in the healthy adult population and comprehensively define normal values.

METHODS:
We automatically extract Evans' ratio (ER), Frontal-Occipital Horn Ratio (FOHR), and anteroposterior lateral ventricle index (ALVI) from an open MRI data set of healthy adults (https://brain-development.org/ixi-dataset/). Indices have been correlated with corresponding LVVs and lateral ventricular volumes divided by supratentorial brain volumes. Spearman rank correlation was used to compare strength of correlation.

RESULTS:
ER shows correlation with lateral ventricle volume based on sex (r = 0.58; men, r = 0.65; women P < .001), including when controlling for supratentorial volume (r = 0.57; men, r = 0.63). ER did not profoundly correlate with age (r = 0.29, men; r = 0.35, women; P < .001) and seemed normally distributed around 0.25. ALVI showed strong correlation with LVV with only slight gender differences (r = 0.83, men; r = 0.84, women) and LVV to supratentorial cortical volume ratio (r = 0.9, men; r = 0.86, women). FOHR was also normally distributed around a value of 0.37 and showed moderate correlation with LVV (r = 0.68, men; r = 0.73, women) and LVV to supratentorial cortical volume ratio (r = 0.69, men; r = 0.74, women).

CONCLUSION:
ALVI is a newer index with strong correlation with LVV and has strong potential for clinical use. Both FOHR and ER show moderate correlation with LVV. Reference values for linear estimates of ventricular volume may help clinicians better identify patients with pathological ventriculomegaly.
Terahertz polarization beam splitter with wide bandwidth and low loss
Authors: Du Yuhang , Zhou Dinghao , Zhang Ruizhe , Zhou Jingkai , Zou Hui 
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a polarization beam splitter operating at terahertz frequencies. The beam splitter utilizes cyclo-olefin copolymer as the material and introduces two hollow elliptical structures to divide the fiber core into two parts. The characteristics of this fiber are analyzed using the finite element method, and the influence of various structural parameters on the polarization splitting properties is studied in detail. By optimizing the structural parameters of the fiber, a terahertz polarization beam splitter with a bandwidth of 0.08 THz and a low transmission loss of 0.071 dB/cm is achieved at the center frequency of 1 THz with a length of 2.81 cm. This fiber achieves significant breakthroughs in operating bandwidth and transmission loss, making it of great value for the design and research of polarization beam splitters and having important applications in optical communication systems and optical networks.
Help-seeking in older crime victims: A mixed-methods study in collaboration with the Metropolitan Police Service
Authors: Serfaty Marc , Billings Jo , Vickerstaff Victoria , Lee Teresa , Buszewicz Marta , Satchell Jessica 
Published: August 2024

Background
There are growing concerns about the psychological impact of community crimes on older victims, but little is known about whether older victims obtain mental health support.

Objective
To understand: A) whether older crime victims seek help for psychological distress, B) what factors predict help-seeking, and C) the barriers and facilitators to accessing support.

Methods
Our longitudinal mixed-methods study was embedded within the Victim Improvement Package (VIP) trial. Older victims (n = 2,932) were screened for depressive and anxious symptoms with the GAD-2 and PHQ-2 within one month of a crime. Those with significant symptoms (n = 1,170) were provided with letters signposting them to their General Practitioner (GP) (Family Physician). A subsample of older Victims (n = 677) were then re-screened at three months and asked if they had acted on the signposting. Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of help-seeking. Qualitative semi-structured interviews on a sub-sample (n = 27) were undertaken to establish barriers and facilitators to help-seeking and explore views on the signposting letter, and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Only 13% (n = 85) of distressed older victims approached their GP for help, and only 32% (n = 27) of these received help. Significant predictors of acting on signposting were police-recorded vulnerability (p = 0.01) and severity of continued anxiety at three months’ post-crime (p <0.01). Help seeking appeared to be driven by feeling overwhelmed or a desire to find others with similar experiences. Barriers to help-seeking included accessibility problems and the belief that they should be able to cope.

Conclusions
Despite growing evidence of psychological distress in older crime victims, few receive support. Signposting older victims may be insufficient to improve psychological outcomes and help-seeking barriers suggest more active management is required.
Prevalence of Forward head posture among car and bike drivers and its relation with neck and cardiopulmonary health parameters- a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aafreen Aafreen , Khan Abdur Raheem , Khan Ashfaque , Ahmad Ausaf , Shaphe Mohammad Abu , Alshehri Mohammed M. , Alajam Ramzi Abdu , Hakamy Ali , Alqahtani Abdulfattah S. , Ali Taimul , Aldhahi Monira I. 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of Forward Head Posture (FHP) in car and bike drivers, and its potential correlation with neck and cardiopulmonary parameters.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 400 participants from urban and suburban areas around Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, including 200 car drivers and 200 bike drivers aged 18–65 years with a minimum five-year driving history. Neck health was assessed using measurements such as cervical range of motion and Neck Disability Index (NDI), cardiopulmonary parameters were evaluated through resting heart rate, blood pressure, and pulmonary function tests using the spirometry test, and FHP was assessed using Surgimap application. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 26.0) and included descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for binary data, and correlation analyses.

Results
The result show that difference in the mean FHP between car and bike drivers was statistically significant (p = 0.0001), indicating a higher prevalence of FHP among car drivers than among bike drivers. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between FHP and neck health metrics, especially cervical flexion (r = 0.71, p<0.05), (r = 0.78, p<0.05) and left-side rotation (r = 0.56, p<0.05), (r = 0.61, p<0.05) in car and bike drivers. Among the cardiopulmonary parameters, significant correlations with FHP were observed in resting heart rate (r = 0.33, p<0.05), (r = 0.42, p<0.05), spirometry results FVC (r = 0.29, p<0.05), FEV1 (r = 0.22, p<0.05), and FVC (r = 0.31, p<0.05) for car and bike drivers.

Conclusion
We observed a higher incidence of FHP in car drivers, indicating that a prolonged static posture may lead to greater postural deviation than dynamic movement during biking. This association suggests that FHP could have wide-reaching implications for systemic health, beyond musculoskeletal issues. These findings have the potential to influence preventative strategies and interventions aimed at improving the overall health outcomes for drivers.
Factors influencing the happiness of male correctional officers: A cross-sectional study in South Korea
Authors: Jung Hyun-Ok , Han Seung-Woo 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This study is a descriptive research study using a self-reported survey method to determine the impact of correctional officers’ job satisfaction, leisure satisfaction, and family strengths on their happiness.

Methods
This study targeted 269 male correctional officers working in correctional facilities established in P and S cities. The tools used in this study were job satisfaction, leisure satisfaction, and family strengths and happiness. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program according to the research purpose. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, analysis of differences in happiness according to demographic characteristics, correlations between variables, and finally, analysis of factors affecting happiness through multiple linear regression.

Results
As a result of this study, job satisfaction(β = 0.081, p = 0.036), leisure satisfaction(β = 0.078, p = 0.001), and family strengths(β = 0.081, p = 0.001) were found to be factors affecting the happiness of male correctional officers, and the explanatory power of these variables was found to be 26.0%.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to identify factors that affect the happiness of male correctional officers and provide various counseling and program interventions that can contribute to improving happiness.
High tumor burden score indicated the unfavorable prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Wangbin , Liu Rongqiang , Wang Jianguo , Liu Li , Qiu Zhendong , Yu Jia , Wang Weixing 
Published: August 2024

Background
Tumor burden score (TBS) based on maximum tumor diameter and number has been shown to correlate with prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the results are conflicting. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the association between TBS and survival outcomes of HCC patients.

Methods
A comprehensively search of the databases including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science was performed to retrieve studies satisfying the inclusion criteria until August 31, 2023. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. All the data analyses were carried out by STATA 12.0.

Results
10 retrospective studies containing 25073 patients were incorporated in the study. The results demonstrated that high TBS was markedly association with poor overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.45–2.23) and relapse-free survival / progression-free survival(RFS/PFS) (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.42–2.07). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognostic value of TBS in HCC was not affected by any subgroup.

Conclusions
TBS may be an efficient prognostic index in HCC patients.
Sensitive detection of hemodynamic changes after fetoscopic laser photocoagulation by assessing intraventricular pressure difference in fetuses with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Masaoka Shun , Yamamoto Yuka , Takano Mayumi , Nagasaki Sumito , Takahashi Ken , Nakata Masahiko , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the hemodynamics of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), we measured the intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD), a sensitive marker of myocardial diastolic function, using fetal echocardiography.

Methods
We included 28 monochorionic diamniotic (MD) twins diagnosed with TTTS who underwent fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) between 2018 and 2022. Color M-mode Doppler images of both cardiac ventricles were obtained before and after FLP. According to this evaluation, the IVPDs were divided into three groups; those with total, basal, and mid-apical IVPD.

Results
Of the 28 twins, 21 were available for analysis (including eight, eight, three, and two cases in stages Quintero Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲd, and Ⅲr, respectively). Comparing the pre and postFLP results, significant increases in total and mid-apical IVPD in the left ventricle (LV) of recipient twins were noted (total and mid-apical IVPD: p=0.026 and 0.013, respectively). In the LV of the donor twins, all IVPDs were significantly increased after FLP (total, basal, and mid-apical IVPD: p=0.003, 0.001, and 0.022, respectively). In addition, comparisons between the donor and recipient groups did not show significant differences in either ventricle before FLP.

Conclusions
IVPD detected subtle hemodynamics changes, such as volume overload and diastolic dysfunction in TTTS before and after FLP. Therefore, IVPD may be a useful marker for monitoring myocardial diastolic function in TTTS.
Which Measures of Beliefs About Others’ Prosociality Predict Prosocial Behavior in Economic Games?
Authors: Schäpermeier Malte , Thielmann Isabel , Rau Richard 
Published: August 2024

Prosocial behavior often entails the possibility to be exploited by other people. Correspondingly, situations affording prosocial behavior are often characterized by one’s dependence on others’ unknown behavior. In such situations, actors will arguably assess the risk of being taken advantage of by others before making a decision. Thus, prosocial behavior might be shaped by how prosocial actors generally believe others to be (e.g., trustworthy vs. exploitative). However, a recent investigation found no consistent evidence that perceiver effects, which describe interindividual differences in judging others’ personality in first impressions and thus capture beliefs about others’ prosociality, predict prosocial behavior (Rau et al., 2020). We replicate and extend these findings by pursuing two approaches to examine the influence of beliefs about others’ prosociality on behavior in four behavioral games (public goods game, trust game as trustor and trustee, mind game), two of which involve dependence on others under uncertainty. In our main study (N = 962), perceiver effects failed to predict prosocial behavior. This was confirmed by a meta-analysis of all studies that investigated this relation, providing strong evidence against the predictive validity of perceiver effects for behavior in economic games. In a follow-up analysis, generalized expectations (as measured by generalized trust) predicted prosocial behavior in one of the two relevant games while controlling for honesty-humility, which we interpret as tentative evidence for the role of generalized expectations in prosocial behavior in economic games. We contemplate that the discrepancy between perceiver effects and generalized expectations as measures of beliefs about others’ prosociality might be attributable to their implicit vs. explicit nature and suggest future research to explore whether perceiver effects predict more implicit measures of prosocial behavior.
Associations between circulating levels of FABP4 and TNF receptors are more evident in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus than in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tanaka Marenao , Gohda Tomohito , Kamei Nozomu , Murakoshi Maki , Sato Tatsuya , Kubota Mitsunobu , Sanuki Michiyoshi , Ishiwata Erika , Endo Keisuke , Suzuki Yusuke , Furuhashi Masato 
Published: August 2024

Background
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine that plays significant roles in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. High levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) including TNFR1 and TNFR2 are associated with renal dysfunction and increased mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the association between circulating levels of FABP4 and TNFRs remains unclear.

Methods
We investigated the associations of FABP4 with TNFRs and metabolic markers in Japanese patients with type 1 DM (T1DM, n = 76, men/women: 31/45) and type 2 DM (T2DM, n = 575, men/women: 312/263).

Results
FABP4 concentration was positively correlated with levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in both patients with T1DM and those with T2DM. Multivariable regression analyses showed that there were independent associations of FABP4 concentration with body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after adjustment for age and sex in both patients with T1DM and those with T2DM. FABP4 concentration was independently associated with circulating levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 after adjustment for the confounders in patients with T2DM but not in those with T1DM. Similarly, levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 were independently associated with FABP4 concentration after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, duration of DM and levels of eGFR, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein in patients with T2DM but not in those with T1DM.

Conclusion
FABP4 concentration is independently associated with levels of TNFRs in patients with DM, but the association is more evident in patients with T2DM than in those with T1DM.
Rethinking hysteresis in magnetic materials
Authors: Renuka Balakrishna Ananya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMagnetic materials with zero hysteresis are posed to have a significant impact on sustainable energy conversion, electronics, and communication technologies. As the global market for soft magnetic materials continues to expand, driven by increasing demand in renewable energy, automotive, and power transmission sectors, it is important to design magnets that can be cycled under an external field reversibly and rapidly multiple times without a decay in magnetic response. However, designing magnets with small hysteresis has been a challenge because we do not fully understand its origins. In this article, I outline key research efforts investigating the fundamental mechanisms underpinning hysteresis in soft magnets and, highlight recent developments in the use of nonlinear analysis and nucleation barrier methods to predict coercivity in these materials.
Graphical abstract
Searching for relationship. Eros as a model of intersubjective relation in approach of Michel Henry and Christos Yannaras
Authors: Karpiński Piotr 
Published: August 2024

It is paradoxical that the philosophical approach to relations initially did not refer to the intersubjective sphere at all. Moreover, in the metaphysical interpretation, the relation is something derived from what it binds. The issue of intersubjectivity received initial consideration only in the second half of the 19th century, and thanks to phenomenology, especially French, it came to the fore. After rejecting Husserl’s concept of knowing the Other as Alter ego, it was in this environment that the main models of interpersonal relations were developed, among which the erotic phenomenon occupies a significant place. The paper presents the erotic relationship in two perspectives: by Michel Henry and Christos Yannaras, which seem prima facie contradictory, but they complement and illuminate each other in an interesting way. For both philosophers, the erotic relationship is the primary way of experiencing life, and its foundation is desire. Both are convinced that Eros is a tragic relation, testifying to our finite condition. In both, the descriptions of the erotic relationship are extremely realistic, including in it also conflict and suffering. Both perform the deconstruction of the ego, which manifests itself in the event of love. Finally, both develop the phenomenology of life and place relationship at its heart. Thanks to the juxtaposition of Henry’s and Yannaras’s descriptions, the erotic relationship appears as both necessary and impossible, and thus as a paradox.
What Would Manu Say? Mothering, Midlife, and Mayhem in Netflix's <em>Mai</em>
Authors: Bhattacharjya Nilanjana 
Published: August 2024

This video essay examines how Netflix's series MAI interrogates traditional roles for married, middle-aged women in India. Focusing on the protagonist's specific life challenges, we witness how her departures from her duties as a mother, wife, and nurse coupled with her propensity for violence offer her greater agency.
Promoting Saudi University Students’ Experience Through Peer Assessment Practice
Authors: Alshammari Alya 
Published: August 2024

Peer assessment (PA) has received growing attention recently due to its great impact on students’ autonomy and growth (Bryant & Carless, 2010; Patri, 2002). It requires students to be critical in evaluating their peers’ performance, engage in a discussion about their work, and eventually make improvements. This activity helps to create a collaborative learning environment. Despite being of such importance, peer assessment has still been overlooked by many university teachers, who remain hesitant to put it into practice. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate, through the perceptions of undergraduate applied linguistics students, the contribution and efficiency of using PA in enhancing the student’s learning experience and skills. The researcher implemented PA practice in the classroom in which 16 university-level Saudi female students were asked to assess other students’ tasks and then to write a reflection about their own experience in the PA practice and how it influenced their performance in the course of digital linguistics. The data analysis revealed that students’ participation in the PA significantly promotes students’ classroom engagement and improves their critical thinking, writing, and analysis skills. The study concludes with suggestions for effectively applying peer evaluation practices in different university courses.