bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of myocardial lipid content assessed by H1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy in dyslipidemic patients after statins
Authors: Elmenyawy Eslam Elsayed Mohamed , Fadl Hend Gamal Abu-El , Waly Hesham Mohammed Fathy , Maaty Abdul Razek Abdul Lateef , Abdelaziz Hanaa Mahmoud Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Dyslipidemia is one of the main modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which accounts for one third of total deaths worldwide. Statin is considered the cornerstone therapy for treating dyslipidemic patients. H1 Cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a special non-invasive, non-irradiating method for assessing myocardial lipid content in vivo in both health and disease.

Aim
To compare dyslipidemic patients and healthy individuals, and to detect the efficacy of statin on the myocardial lipid content in dyslipidemic patients to detect if there will be changes 6 months after starting statin therapy.

Methods
Laboratory lipid profile and myocardial lipid content had been measured by H1 MRS in thirty dyslipidemic patients and fifteen healthy matched age and sex individuals as a control group, then dyslipidemic patients were followed up 6 months after statin therapy at Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiology departments; Mansoura University Hospitals, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during the period from January 2020 to October 2022.

Results
A total of thirty dyslipidemic patients were screened for lipid profile, myocardial lipid content by H1 MRS; 56.67% were male, with a mean age of 49 ± 9.19 years, and compared with fifteen healthy matched age and sex individuals as a control group. Laboratory lipid profile, and triglyceride lipid concentration by MRS were significantly higher in dyslipidemic group before initiating statin therapy compared to control group (p value, 0.001, 0.019 respectively). Median LDL levels were 161.10 ± 30.28 mg/dl before the start of statin therapy and were 114.27 ± 48.33 mg/dl after statin therapy (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant reduction in triglyceride lipid concentration in dyslipidemic patients after 6 months of statin therapy: from 0.011 (0.001–0.55 (mmol/l), to 0.0025 (0.001–0.04 mmol/l) with a p value < 0.001.

Conclusions
Increased myocardial lipid content as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy was demonstrated in dyslipidemic patients in our study that decreased after 6 months of statin therapy.
Cyclodextrin inclusion complex and amorphous solid dispersions as formulation approaches for enhancement of curcumin’s solubility and nasal epithelial membrane permeation
Authors: Schoeman Carmen , van Niekerk Suzanne , Liebenberg Wilna , Hamman Josias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Curcumin is a compound that occurs in the rhizomes of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) and has shown potential for the treatment of illnesses including certain neurodegenerative diseases. The bioavailability of curcumin is hindered by its extremely poor aqueous solubility.

Results
This study aimed to apply formulation strategies such as inclusion complex formation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), as well as amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formation with poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP VA64) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to increase curcumin’s solubility and thereby its nasal epithelial membrane permeation. The curcumin formulations were evaluated by means of DSC, TGA, FT-IR, XRPD, microscopic imaging, aqueous solubility and membrane permeation across nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelial membranes. The solubility of curcumin was substantially increased by the formulations from 8.4 µg/ml for the curcumin raw material to 79.0 µg/ml for the HPβCD inclusion complex, 256.4 µg/ml for the HPMC ASD and 314.9 µg/ml for the PVP VA64 ASD. The HPMC ASD only slightly changed the membrane permeation of curcumin, while the PVP VA64 ASD decreased the membrane permeation of curcumin. The HPβCD inclusion complex enhanced the nasal epithelial membrane permeation of curcumin statistically significantly across the olfactory epithelial tissue and extensively across the respiratory epithelial tissue.

Conclusion
Complexation of curcumin with HPβCD enhanced the solubility of curcumin and thereby also increased its permeation across excised nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelial tissue. This indicated high potential of the curcumin-HPβCD complex for nose-to-brain delivery of curcumin for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by means of intranasal administration.

Graphical abstract
Three-dimensional artistic design method of ceramic products based on recurrent neural network technology
Authors: Wu Xueting , Song Jungyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional digital technology has made breakthroughs and shown unique advantages in all walks of life. On the basis of practicality, the three-dimensional artistic design of ceramic products gradually adds some aesthetic, artistic design elements, which brings beautiful enjoyment to people’s lives and makes people’s lives colorful. This paper presents a three-dimensional artistic design method for ceramic products based on RNN (recurrent neural network) technology. With the establishment of the 3D YOLOv3 framework, the new model training is faster and more stable, the convergence speed of the loss function is faster, and the reconstructed 3D model is more accurate. After training for a certain number of times, the network gradually becomes stable, the accuracy rate is kept at 95%, and the loss function value is reduced below 0.2. The accuracy of the network model and the precision of semantic segmentation are improved. The semantic segmentation and object recognition under 3D scene reconstruction studied in this paper have certain theoretical value and high feasibility.
Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Cancer Predictors and Rates in a New York City Cohort of 598 Patients With Acromegaly
Authors: Freda Pamela U , Bruce Jeffrey N , Jin Zhezhen , Kostadinov Jane , Khandji Alexander G , Cremers Serge , Post Kalmon D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
Long-term growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) excess could increase the risk of cancer in acromegaly, but individual levels of these hormones do not relate to this risk.

Objective
We newly investigated longitudinally-measured IGF-1 levels as a potential predictor of cancer in a large New York City acromegaly cohort.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of 598 acromegaly (309 men, 289 women) and 292 clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (CNFPA) (140 women, 152 men) patients from the same underlying population. GH and IGF-1 levels were measured longitudinally and outcomes were observed during long-term follow-up. Cumulative exposure to IGF-1 excess was tested as a predictor of cancer. We compared cancer prevalence in acromegaly and CNFPA cohorts and incidence in each to that expected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data.

Results
Cancer prevalence by last follow-up was 22.6% in acromegaly and 12.7% in CNFPAs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99 [95% CI, 1.34-2.97]) (P = .0005). Overall standardized incidence ratio for cancer was 1.78 (1.51-1.81) in the acromegaly and 1.26 (0.89-1.70) in the CNFPA cohorts. Cumulative exposure to IGF-1 excess, OR = 1.278 (1.060-1.541) (P = .01), years from acromegaly diagnosis to cancer or last follow-up, OR = 1.03 (1.004-1.057) (P = .024), and age at follow up, OR = 1.064 (1.047-1.082) (P &lt; .001), were predictors of cancer.

Conclusion
Cancer risk is increased in acromegaly, but not in CNFPA patients. Cumulative exposure to IGF-1 excess is a predictor of cancer in acromegaly. Our data suggest that cancer risk in acromegaly relates to the degree and duration of IGF-1 excess and that full appreciation of this risk requires long-term follow up.
Clinical Course of Congenital Hypothyroidism With Gland In Situ and Necessity of L-Thyroxine Therapy After Re-evaluation
Authors: Pignata Luisa , Bagattini Brunella , Di Cosmo Caterina , Agretti Patrizia , De Marco Giuseppina , Ferrarini Eleonora , Montanelli Lucia , Tonacchera Massimo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context
The clinical course and need for long-term L-thyroxine (LT4) therapy of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with gland in situ (GIS) remain unclear.

Objective
To describe the clinical history of CH with GIS and evaluate the proportion of patients who can suspend therapy during follow-up.

Design and Setting
Retrospective evaluation of patients followed at referral regional center for CH of Pisa.

Patients
Seventy-seven patients with confirmed primary CH and GIS after positive neonatal screening were included. All children started LT4 upon CH confirmation on serum assay.

Interventions
At 3 years of age, 55 children underwent a clinical reevaluation after withdrawal of therapy with hormonal examinations, imaging of the thyroid gland with ultrasonography, and 123-iodine with perchlorate discharge test. Subsequent periodic controls of thyroid function were executed, and, when possible, a new attempt to stop LT4 was performed. Adequate follow-up data (at least 6 months after treatment suspension trial) were available for 49 patients.

Results
Among the 55 patients who were reassessed, 18 (32.7%) were euthyroid. Considering subsequent follow-up, 49% of patients were no longer treated and 51% were taking therapy. No differences in neonatal parameters were observed between the 2 groups; LT4 dose before the last trial off medication was higher in permanent CH (P .016).

Conclusion
Monitoring thyroid function in children with CH and GIS is necessary to evaluate the need for substitution and avoid overtreatment. Even if therapy can be suspended, patients need to be monitored because apparently normal thyroid function may decline several months after withdrawal of LT4.
The cellular basis of feeding-dependent body size plasticity in sea anemones
Authors: Garschall Kathrin , Pascual-Carreras Eudald , García-Pascual Belén , Filimonova Daria , Guse Annika , Johnston Iain G. , Steinmetz Patrick R. H. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Many animals share a lifelong capacity to adapt their growth rates and body sizes to changing environmental food supplies. However, the cellular and molecular basis underlying this plasticity remains only poorly understood. We therefore studied how the sea anemones Nematostella vectensis and Aiptasia (Exaiptasia pallida) respond to feeding and starvation. Combining quantifications of body size and cell numbers with mathematical modelling, we observed that growth and shrinkage rates in Nematostella are exponential, stereotypic and accompanied by dramatic changes in cell numbers. Notably, shrinkage rates, but not growth rates, are independent of body size. In the facultatively symbiotic Aiptasia, we show that growth and cell proliferation rates are dependent on the symbiotic state. On a cellular level, we found that &gt;7% of all cells in Nematostella juveniles reversibly shift between S/G2/M and G1/G0 cell cycle phases when fed or starved, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that polyp growth and cell proliferation are dependent on TOR signalling during feeding. Altogether, we provide a benchmark and resource for further investigating the nutritional regulation of body plasticity on multiple scales using the genetic toolkit available for Nematostella.
Investment Timing and Technological Breakthroughs
Authors: Décamps Jean-Paul , Gensbittel Fabien , Mariotti Thomas 
Published: July 2024

We study the optimal investment policy of a firm facing both technological and cash-flow uncertainty. At any point in time, the firm can irreversibly invest in a stand-alone technology or wait for a technological breakthrough. Breakthroughs occur when market conditions become favorable enough, exceeding a threshold value that is ex ante unknown to the firm. The Markov state variables for the optimal investment policy are the current market conditions and their historic maximum, and the firm optimally invests in the stand-alone technology only when market conditions deteriorate enough after reaching a maximum. The path-dependent return required for investing in the stand-alone technology is always higher than if no technological breakthroughs could occur and can take arbitrarily large values following certain histories. Decreases in development costs or increases in the value of the new technology make the firm more prone to bearing downside risk and delaying investment in the stand-alone technology. Funding: This research has benefited from financial support of the ANR [Programmes d’Investissements d’Avenir CHESS ANR-17-EURE-0010 and ANITI ANR-19-PI3A-0004] and the research foundation TSE-Partnership [Chaire Marchés des Risques et Création de Valeur, Fondation du Risque/SCOR].
The Indirect Effect of Entrepreneurship on Pay Dispersion: Entry Cost Reduction, Mobility Threat, and Wage Redistribution Within Incumbent Firms
Authors: Castellaneta Francesco , Conti Raffaele , Kacperczyk Aleksandra Joanna , Mamadehussene Samir 
Published: July 2024

Past research has examined the link between initiatives promoting entrepreneurship and compensation, but scholars have predominantly focused on earnings of individuals directly engaged in the founding process, such as founders, cofounders, and start-up employees. Shifting our focus to incumbent workers, we instead propose that a decline in the cost of entrepreneurship increases the variance in pay among incumbent workers who are not involved in entrepreneurial activities. We posit that, as entrepreneurship becomes a more attractive career option, due to institutional changes, the outside option value of entrepreneurship increases. The resulting increase in mobility threat will disproportionately benefit high earners or those employees who are more difficult to replace: As their bargaining power increases, incumbents will disproportionately reward these workers, especially when they are systematically more inclined to leave for entrepreneurship. We explore these arguments using a difference-in-differences methodology, based on the enactment of an entry reform that reduced the cost of entry in Portugal between 1995 and 2009. We find that an exogenous decrease in the administrative costs of establishing a new venture led to high earners capturing disproportionate rewards relative to low earners. We further show that this relationship was especially pronounced among high earners who (a) exhibited a higher ex ante propensity to transition into entrepreneurship; (b) had fewer credible outside options in paid employment; and (c) operated in industries with decentralized wage bargaining arrangements. By documenting the impact of institutional changes that promote entrepreneurship on incumbent workers’ pay, our study contributes to recent debates about the impact of entrepreneurship on individual earnings. Funding: This work was supported by the CY Initiative, the FCT—Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology, and the Knowledge, Technology and Organization Research Center at Skema. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16201 .
First record of margay (Leopardus wiedii) in the Sierra Monte Negro State Reserve, Morelos, México: the importance of low deciduous forest relicts for conserving the species
Authors: Vera-García Zuri Samuel , Fuentes-Vargas Liliana , Weston-Flores Mariam , Uriostegui-Velarde Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2024

El tigrillo o margay (Leopardus wiedii) es un pequeño félido silvestre que se distribuye desde México hasta Sudamérica, principalmente en ambientes tropicales y templados. En Morelos se tiene registro previo de su presencia en 2 áreas naturales protegidas federales, el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Corredor Biológico Chichinautzin Fracción I (APFF CBC), al norte y la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla (REBIOSH), al sur. Con la finalidad de obtener información sobre la presencia de mamíferos silvestres en la Reserva Estatal Sierra Monte Negro (RESMN), se realizó un monitoreo a través de cámaras-trampa. La RESMN es un Área Natural Protegida de carácter estatal de gran importancia debido a su papel potencial como corredor biológico entre el APFF CBC y la REBIOSH. Sin embargo, pocos estudios se han realizado sobre las especies de mamíferos silvestres que se distribuyen en la RESMN. El monitoreo se llevó a cabo entre noviembre de 2020 y noviembre de 2021, colocando un total de 10 estaciones de monitoreo con cámaras-trampa, con un esfuerzo de muestreo acumulado de 3,650 días-trampa. Se obtuvo el registro de 1 individuo de margay en 2 estaciones de monitoreo entre los meses de noviembre de 2020 y abril de 2021, por lo que al menos durante la temporada de estiaje el individuo hizo uso de la RESMN. La presencia de este individuo de margay muestra la importancia de la RESMN, la cual puede estar actuando como hábitat y/o corredor para estos felinos.
Sand consumption by Hoffmann´s two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni) at Cahuita National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Durán-Apuy Alejandro , Mora José Manuel 
Published: July 2024

El lamido de minerales ha sido reportado en la mayoría de los taxones de mamíferos herbívoros; sin embargo, la frecuencia de uso de saladeros por los Pilosa es rara. El perezoso de dos dedos (Choloepus hoffmanni), una especie herbívora de Pilosa, es nocturna y arborícola. Presentamos el primer caso de consumo de arena salina por parte de este perezoso en Costa Rica. Las observaciones tuvieron lugar en el Parque Nacional Cahuita, Limón, Costa Rica, el 11 de octubre de 2022, a las 21:20 hr. Observamos a un perezoso colgando de la base de un árbol de manzana de agua (Syzygium malaccense), con la cabeza apuntando hacia abajo al ser descubierto. Se tomaron fotografías y notas durante el evento. El perezoso se suspendió firmemente de una rama lateral del tronco principal del árbol. En esta posición, acercó su hocico casi al contacto con el suelo y procedió a lamer la arena salina varias veces. La secuencia de acciones, incluida la suspensión de la rama, el lamer intermitente y la reanudación de la escalada, transcurrió en un lapso de aproximadamente 5 minutos. El caso que presentamos aquí involucra el consumo de arena salina en vez de lamer rocas. Nuestras observaciones se llevaron a cabo durante la noche, cuando potenciales depredadores de perezosos están activos. Se necesita investigación fundamental adicional para comprender estos aspectos básicos de los perezosos. Lamer minerales por parte de los perezosos podría ser una conducta infrecuente, aunque esencial para proporcionar a los individuos nutrientes vitales.
Record of alopecia in the bat Artibeus jamaicensis in Córdoba, Veracruz, México
Authors: Hernández-Aguilar Itandehui , Lorenzo Consuelo , Bolaños-Citalán Jorge , Tapia-Ramírez Gloria , Hernández-Montero Jesús R. 
Published: July 2024

La alopecia es la pérdida parcial o total del pelo de un mamífero. Esta condición ha sido reportada en 38 especies de murciélagos de 6 familias. El objetivo de este reporte es documentar la presencia de alopecia en un individuo de Artibeus jamaicensis en el estado de Veracruz, sureste de México. El 25 de septiembre de 2022, durante una salida de campo, dentro de un proyecto para evaluar áreas de riesgo zoonótico en el Neotrópico mexicano, se capturaron roedores y murciélagos en la selva mediana subperenifolia con cafetal bajo sombra en la localidad periurbana de Berlín en el municipio de Córdoba, Veracruz, México. Se capturaron 40 murciélagos de distintas especies, de ellos, un A. jamaicensis macho adulto sin evidencia de actividad reproductiva presentó alopecia en la zona de la cabeza, cuello, hombro derecho y tórax. El área del tórax con alopecia estaba acompañada de una lesión de aspecto gelatinoso que en su margen presentaba una costra de color amarillento. Este reporte representa el primer registro de alopecia en murciélagos en Veracruz y el segundo de A. jamaicensis en México. Es probable que la alopecia en el individuo A. jamaicensis se haya presentado como consecuencia de una lesión en el tórax que se extendió a otras partes de su cuerpo; también es posible que se deba a una infección bacteriana o fúngica.
ABORDAGEM DE NOMES GEOGRÁFICOS COMO FÓSSEIS LINGUÍSTICOS DE NOMES DE LOGRADOUROS NO CENTRO DA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Rios Talita da Silva Cordeiro , Santos Cláudio João Barreto dos , Silva Sonia Maria Lima 
Published: July 2024

A nominação de lugares acompanha a atividade humana desde tempos imemoriais. A nomeação de seres humanos e dos lugares permite sua individualização e consequente identificação unívoca, constituindo um plano fundamental do processo de desenvolvimento da sociedade atual, o estudo e conhecimento das cidades. O crescimento exponencial dos centros urbanos torna indispensável uma reflexão sobre o seu passado e evolução presente, bem como a compreensão aprofundada sobre os elementos dinâmicos que podem assegurar a sua continuidade futura. Partindo-se do conceito de fóssil linguístico, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a evolução de alguns topônimos pertencentes a um recorte territorial do centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, bem como as modificações de denominação da geonímia ao longo da linha do tempo. A metodologia envolveu: 1) pesquisa em documentos históricos de nomes geográficos de logradouros; 2) definição do recorte temporal; 3) levantamento de amostra de endereços; e 4) levantamento cartográfico dos endereços antigos; 5) levantamento da legislação pertinente. Os resultados mostraram que as ruas passaram por importantes alterações ou permanências de nomes geográficos, sendo as escolhas representativas da mentalidade dos ocupantes, demonstrando a real possibilidade da utilização de nomes geográficos como verdadeiros fósseis linguísticos.
Genetic algorithm optimized microstructure to enhance waveguide light coupling efficiency at normal incidences
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Gu Yitong , Yu Fei , Yu Chunlei , Hu Lili , Wang Ning 
Published: July 2024

The recent trend to place well-designed photonic structures on waveguides is capable of effectively enhancing waveguides properties. One typical example is a nanostructure-empowered waveguide targeted for efficient light coupling. However, conceiving the high-freedom structures is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, where an ineffective workflow limits the development of photonic microstructures. To address this issue, we deploy a genetic algorithm to customize structures in order to improve the coupling coefficients under predetermined situations (i.e., normal incidence combined with two polarizations). Three types of micropatterns are first conceived in the periodical model and then fully characterized on the real waveguide sizes. The simulated data reveal that the 550–1650 nm average coupling efficiencies of structure-enabled waveguides are raised by about 2% in contrast to the bare case, and the lineshapes are also flattened thanks to the grating modifications. In short, our solution underlines the role of an algorithm-developed nanostructure to lift waveguide coupling coefficients. By integrating well-engineering patterns, the waveguide-based probes may find a multitude of usages for weak signal detection and communication systems.