bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Vantage from Space Can Detect Earlier Drought Onset: An Approach Using Relative Humidity
Authors: Farahmand Alireza , AghaKouchak Amir , Teixeira Joao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEach year, droughts cause significant economic and agricultural losses across the world. The early warning and onset detection of drought is of particular importance for effective agriculture and water resource management. Previous studies show that the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), a measure of precipitation deficit, detects drought onset earlier than other indicators. Here we show that satellite-based near surface air relative humidity data can further improve drought onset detection and early warning. This paper introduces the Standardized Relative Humidity Index (SRHI) based on the NASA Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations. The results indicate that the SRHI typically detects the drought onset earlier than the SPI. While the AIRS mission was not originally designed for drought monitoring, we show that its relative humidity data offers a new and unique avenue for drought monitoring and early warning. We conclude that the early warning aspects of SRHI may have merit for integration into current drought monitoring systems.
Whole-mount single molecule FISH method for zebrafish embryo
Authors: Oka Yuma , Sato Thomas N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNoise in gene expression renders cells more adaptable to changing environment by imposing phenotypic and functional heterogeneity on genetically identical individual cells. Hence, quantitative measurement of noise in gene expression is essential for the study of biological processes in cells. Currently, there are two complementary methods for quantitatively measuring noise in gene expression at the single cell level: single molecule FISH (smFISH) and single cell qRT-PCR (or single cell RNA-seq). While smFISH has been developed for culture cells, tissue sections and whole-mount invertebrate organisms, the method has not been reported for whole-mount vertebrate organisms. Here, we report an smFISH method that is suitable for whole-mount zebrafish embryo, a popular vertebrate model organism for the studies of development, physiology and disease. We show the detection of individual transcripts for several cell-type specific and ubiquitously expressed genes at the single cell level in whole-mount zebrafish embryo. We also demonstrate that the method can be adapted to detect two different genes in individual cells simultaneously. The whole-mount smFISH method described in this report is expected to facilitate the study of noise in gene expression and its role in zebrafish, a vertebrate animal model relevant to human biology.
Site-specific integration in CHO cells mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 and homology-directed DNA repair pathway
Authors: Lee Jae Seong , Kallehauge Thomas Beuchert , Pedersen Lasse Ebdrup , Kildegaard Helene Faustrup 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most widely used mammalian hosts for production of therapeutic proteins. However, development of recombinant CHO cell lines has been hampered by unstable and variable transgene expression caused by random integration. Here we demonstrate efficient targeted gene integration into site-specific loci in CHO cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system and compatible donor plasmid harboring a gene of interest (GOI) and short homology arms. This strategy has enabled precise insertion of a 3.7-kb gene expression cassette at defined loci in CHO cells following a simple drug-selection, resulting in homogeneous transgene expression. Taken together, the results displayed here can help pave the way for the targeting of GOI to specific loci in CHO cells, increasing the likelihood of generating isogenic cell lines with consistent protein production.
Experimental on-demand recovery of entanglement by local operations within non-Markovian dynamics
Authors: Orieux Adeline , D'Arrigo Antonio , Ferranti Giacomo , Franco Rosario Lo , Benenti Giuliano , Paladino Elisabetta , Falci Giuseppe , Sciarrino Fabio , Mataloni Paolo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn many applications entanglement must be distributed through noisy communication channels that unavoidably degrade it. Entanglement cannot be generated by local operations and classical communication (LOCC), implying that once it has been distributed it is not possible to recreate it by LOCC. Recovery of entanglement by purely local control is however not forbidden in the presence of non-Markovian dynamics and here we demonstrate in two all-optical experiments that such entanglement restoration can even be achieved on-demand. First, we implement an open-loop control scheme based on a purely local operation, without acquiring any information on the environment; then, we use a closed-loop scheme in which the environment is measured, the outcome controling the local operations on the system. The restored entanglement is a manifestation of “hidden” quantum correlations resumed by the local control. Relying on local control, both schemes improve the efficiency of entanglement sharing in distributed quantum networks.
Dynamic evolutionary change in post-Paleozoic echinoids and the importance of scale when interpreting changes in rates of evolution
Authors: Hopkins Melanie J. , Smith Andrew B. 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceBiodiversification studies have often relied on constant-rate models of diversification. More recently, however, there has been an effort to identify changes in diversification rates within clades. This effort has largely focused on models of declining rates because many clades appear to have high initial rates, followed by slow-downs as ecological space fills. Here we provide an example of a 265 million-year-old marine invertebrate clade where evolutionary rates show a net increase over time instead. This is punctuated by intervals of high rates of morphological evolution, coinciding with major shifts in lifestyle and the evolution of new subclades. This study demonstrates the dynamic nature of evolutionary change within major clades.
Core questions in domestication research
Authors: Zeder Melinda A. 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceDomestication of plants and animals marks a major transition in human history that represents a vibrant area of interdisciplinary scientific inquiry. Consideration of three central questions about domestication—what it is, what it does, and why it happened—provide a unifying framework for diverse research on the topic. Domestication is defined in terms of a coevolutionary mutualism between domesticator and domesticate and is distinguished from related but ultimately different processes of management and agriculture. Domestication results in a range of genotypic, phenotypic, plastic, and contextual impacts that can be used as markers of evolving domesticatory relationships. A consideration of causal scenarios finds greater empirical support for explanatory frameworks grounded in niche-construction theory over those derived from optimal foraging theory.
The Potential for Less Invasive Inference of Resource Use: Covariation in Stable Isotope Composition between Females and Their Eggs in Bluegill
Authors: Colborne Scott F. , Hain Timothy J. A. , Longstaffe Fred J. , Neff Bryan D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractStable isotope analysis is frequently used to examine resource use in wild populations, but it often involves invasive or lethal methods of collecting tissue samples. The development of less invasive or nonlethal sampling techniques will expand the possible uses of stable isotopes. We examined whether fish eggs meet three basic requirements for inferring female resource use from them: (1) the isotope composition of the eggs is correlated with that of other maternal tissues for which isotope composition is known to be related to diet; (2) the isotope composition remains constant over the egg development period; and (3) dietary inferences using eggs are similar to those for other maternal tissues. Using artificial crosses, we tested the relationship between eggs and two commonly sampled maternal tissues (white muscle and liver) in wild‐caught Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus. We found that egg isotope composition was strongly correlated with that of other maternal tissues, particularly liver, and remained constant from prefertilization to the day of hatch, with no change in 13C and an increase of only 0.3‰ in 15N. Furthermore, the results of SIAR (Stable Isotope Analysis in R) mixing models indicated a large degree of overlap in diet estimates between eggs and the other maternal tissues. Overall, eggs can be reliably used to infer the prebreeding foraging ecology of female Bluegills throughout the egg development period.Received July 10, 2014; accepted October 28, 2014
Virological failure of patients on maraviroc-based antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Raymond Stéphanie , Maillard Anne , Amiel Corinne , Peytavin Gilles , Trabaud Mary Anne , Desbois Delphine , Bellecave Pantxika , Delaugerre Constance , Soulie Cathia , Marcelin Anne Geneviève , Descamps Diane , Izopet Jacques ,   on behalf the ANRS AC11 Resistance Study Group, Reigadas S. , Bellecave P. , Pinson-Recordon P. , Fleury H. , Masquelier B. , Signori-Schmuck A. , Morand P. , Bocket L. , Mouna L. , André P. , Tardy J. C. , Trabaud M. A. , Descamps D. , Charpentier C. , Peytavin G. , Brun-Vézinet F. , Haim-Boukobza S. , Roques A. M. , Soulié C. , Lambert-Niclot S. , Malet I. , Wirden M. , Fourati S. , Marcelin A. G. , Calvez V. , Flandre P. , Assoumou L. , Costagliola D. , Morand-Joubert L. , Delaugerre C. , Schneider V. , Amiel C. , Giraudeau G. , Maillard A. , Nicot F. , Izopet J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Virological failure (VF) in patients on maraviroc-based treatment has been associated with altered HIV tropism and resistance to maraviroc. This multicentre study aimed to characterize VF in patients treated with maraviroc.

Methods
We analysed 27 patients whose treatment failed between 2008 and 2011. They had been screened for HIV tropism before maraviroc initiation using population-based V3 genotyping. HIV-1 tropism and resistance of R5 viruses to maraviroc at VF and at baseline were determined retrospectively using an ultrasensitive recombinant virus assay (RVA).

Results
Viruses from 27 patients given maraviroc on the basis of the R5 genotype were characterized at the time of treatment failure. The RVA indicated that 12 patients harboured CXCR4-using viruses and 15 (56%) had pure R5 viruses at failure. One-third of those harbouring CXCR4-using viruses (4/12) were infected with R5X4/X4 viruses according to the RVA before maraviroc initiation. We analysed the phenotypic resistance to maraviroc of four patients harbouring R5 viruses at failure; two harboured viruses whose maximum percentage inhibition was reduced by 65%–90%, while the other two were infected with susceptible viruses. All patients had effective concentrations of drugs.

Conclusions
Half of the maraviroc-treated patients who experienced VF harboured CXCR4-using viruses at failure, one-third of them were detected by a phenotypic method before maraviroc initiation. Phenotypic assessment of R5 virus resistance to CCR5 antagonists at failure could help optimize antiretroviral therapy.
Circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels are associated with metabolic disturbances and fat distribution but not cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients
Authors: Domingo Pere , Lamarca Maria Karuna , Gallego-Escuredo José M. , Torres Ferran , Domingo Joan C. , Villarroya Joan , Gutierrez Mª del Mar , Mateo Mª Gracia , Vidal Francesc , Villarroya Francesc , Giralt Marta 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and HIV/HAART-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) are common comorbidities in HIV-1-infected patients, which may increase cardiovascular risk. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone with effects on metabolism and phosphate homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between FGF23 levels, metabolic alterations, fat distribution and cardiovascular risk.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. Serum FGF23 levels were analysed in 152 patients and 34 healthy control individuals. Patients belonged to three groups: HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral-treated patients who have developed HALS (n = 60); HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral-treated patients without HALS (n = 43); and untreated (naive) HIV-1-infected patients (n = 49). Serum FGF23 levels were compared with lipid and glucose homeostasis parameters, fat distribution and cardiovascular risk.

Results
Serum FGF23 levels were increased in HIV-1-infected patients, but the increase was most marked in those with HALS. FGF23 levels showed a strong positive correlation with age, indicators of dyslipidaemia (LDL cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids), HALS parameters (trunk/appendicular fat ratio), insulin resistance (fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and C-reactive protein. FGF23 levels correlated with cardiovascular risk but correlation was lost after age adjustment.

Conclusions
FGF23 levels are increased in HIV-1-infected patients, especially in those with HALS, and this increase is associated with dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, fat distribution and parameters of inflammation. FGF23 is not associated with cardiovascular risk when age is taken into account.
The protection of 500kV substation grounding grids with combined conductive coating and cathodic protection
Authors: Ren Zhenxing , Yang Daowu , Liu Jun , Ma Yong , Huo Zhongtang , Zheng Shaochang 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper was to design an anti-corrosion system that combined conductive coatings with cathodic protection for a 500-kV substation ground grid, and provide a basis for the anti-corrosion construction of the installation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study took the Shaoguan 500-kV substation grounding grid as the research object. The anti-corrosion performance of KV conductive coatings on grounding metal was researched. In parallel, the alkalinity of substation soil was evaluated according to the German DIN50929 Standard, and the combined protection system comprising conductive coatings and impressed current cathodic protection was designed.

Findings
– KV conductive coatings, that have resistance to acids, alkalis and salts, can effectively slow down the corrosion rate of the grounding grid. The investigation also provided the outline design, installation, construction requirements and monitoring methods for the 500-kV substation grounding grid.

Originality/value
– This report contains some guiding significance for anti-corrosion engineering of 500-kV substation grounding grids.
Young women’s strong preference for children and subsequent occupational gender segregation
Authors: Kanji Shireen , Hupka-Brunner Sandra 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse how and whether young women’s strong and early preference for having children relates to the degree of occupational segregation of the careers they envisage for themselves and the careers they actually enter by the time they reach age 23.

Design/methodology/approach
– Drawing on theories predicting that young women act to replicate gendered social stereotypes in their career choice and to anticipate careers they perceive to be reconcilable with future motherhood, the authors conduct quantitative analyses using panel data from the Transitions from Education to Employment Survey, a longitudinal survey of young people in Switzerland. OLS regression analyses how expressing a strong desire to have children at age 16 impacts: the proportion of women in the career engaged in at age 23 and the career anticipated age 16, relative to women not expressing this strong preference. Logistic regression examines whether selection into wanting children could be held responsible for the results. Finally the authors explore how initial expectations and later outcomes relate to each other.

Findings
– Women who express a strong interest in having children (Kinderwunsch) at age 16 anticipate and enter occupations with a substantially higher proportion of women. Differences in objective labour-market characteristics, such as academic attainment, ability and psychosocial factors, namely self-efficacy, are not related to having a strong desire for children at an early age. Family factors have multifaceted effects.

Research limitations/implications
– This research uses data from a cohort who were age 16 in 2000. The rapidly changing social context of Switzerland necessitates updating this analysis at regular intervals across cohorts.

Practical implications
– Discussion is required to expand young women’s understandings of the implications of different career choices and to broaden the range of options that they consider and to which employers provide access.

Social implications
– Wanting to have children is one of the factors that fuels occupational gender segregation. Although women might envisage that more gender-segregated occupations would allow them to combine work and family life, this may not be the case in reality.

Originality/value
– This paper explores the important but previously under-explored relationship between early fertility preferences and occupational entry for women.
Trapped in the gender stereotype? The image of science among secondary school students and teachers
Authors: Makarova Elena , Herzog Walter 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gender stereotype of science by analysing the semantic attributes of gender in relation to three science subjects – chemistry, mathematics, and physics – among students and their science teachers.

Design/methodology/approach
– This cross-sectional study applied a survey of 3,045 students and 123 teachers in secondary schools. The gendered image of science was assessed using a semantic differential consisting of 25 pairs of adjectives with semantically opposite meanings.

Findings
– In summary, the results of the study demonstrate that from the female students’ perspective mathematics and physics are negatively related to female gender, whereas chemistry is neither significantly related to the male nor to the female profile. From the male students’ point of view mathematics is negatively related to the female gender, whereas chemistry and physics are positively related to the male gender. In the science teachers’ perception chemistry and physics combine feminine and masculine attributes, whereas the teachers’ perception of mathematics matches only with the male, but not with the female gender.

Originality/value
– In contrast to previous research, the study is the first to analyse the gender stereotype of chemistry as well as to assess the gender image of three science subjects from students’ and teachers’ perspectives.
Effects of perfume on mechanical and color properties of cotton fabrics
Authors: Kayar Mahmut 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of perfume on cotton fabrics and satisfy the perfume user’s curiosity on this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, the selected perfume was applied on woven and knitted cotton fabric samples in order to investigate the effects of perfume on mechanical and colour properties of the fabrics. For this purpose the chosen perfume was applied in two different amounts (four spraying and eight spraying) from the same distance to the fabric surface. Then the fabric samples were left for 24 hours in order to fulfill the daily usage conditions. Samples were evaluated in terms of tensile strength, pilling and abrasion tests, respectively. Colour measurement test was performed for investigating the fading effect of the perfume and FTIR analysis was carried out for examining the chemical changes.

Findings
– Result of the study revealed that perfume did not have any effects on tensile strength properties of cotton knitted and woven fabrics and caused serious decrease in pilling and abrasion values and negatively affected colour characteristics of fabrics.

Originality/value
– In literature there was no study investigating the effect of perfume on mechanical and colour properties of garment. Thus this study will be the first concerning this issue.
Nano-modification of plasma treated inkjet printing fabrics
Authors: Zhang Chunming , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– Inkjet printing is becoming increasingly important and popular for the printing of textiles. As one of the environmentally friendly processes, the plasma has been widely used to modify the surface properties of inkjet printing substrates. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nano-modification of plasma on polyester fabric for pigment inkjet printing. The actual printing performance and the related mechanical behavior of samples were also evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach
– Polyester fabrics were surface modified by atmospheric pressure air plasma with the aim to improve its inkjet printing performance. The effects of plasma treatment on surface properties of fabrics were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wettability of the samples is evaluated by measurement of contact angles of different polar liquids and surface energy. Breaking strength and elongation, bending rigidity are tested to evaluate the mechanical behavior of treated and control fabrics.

Findings
– It was found that the nano-modification of plasma markedly improved the anti-bleeding property of inkjet printing fabrics. SEM and XPS analyses indicated that this improved color performance was mainly contributed by not only the etching effect and oxygen containing polar groups induced onto fiber surfaces. In addition, the results of mechanical behavior test indicate no evident reduction of breaking strength and breaking elongation both in warp and weft direction after plasma modification.

Originality/value
– The surface modification method used here offers an economic and dependable way for pretreatment of inkjet printing fabrics with the advantages of environmental friendly over traditional pretreatment methods.
The establishment of human body three vital measurements regression relationship based on SVR method
Authors: Li Xiaojiu , Jing Xiaoning 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to obtain circumference sizes from 2D feature sizes in the parts of three vital measurements of young female, the dimensions of chest width, chest depth, waist width, waist depth, hip width, hip depth, chest girth, waist girth and hip girth of 400 young female samples are collected.

Design/methodology/approach
– Inside which, 300 samples are used as learning samples, and the remaining 100 samples are used as training samples, the sample data are entered to the network constructed by support vector machine regression (SVR) and the predictive value of circumference sizes are gained.

Findings
– Finally, the regression model is established between 2D feature size and the corresponding circumference size. Through the trained prediction model based on SVR, the circumference sizes in three vital measurement parts of a new sample are predicted for convenient mass measurement.

Originality/value
– The research of measurement regression relationship in parts of three vital measurements of young female is the basis for conveniently obtaining dimensions in garment mass measurement. It can provide the accurate data to feminine dress industry, and has high precision.