bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Integrity of High-Strain Cold Bend in Lateral Spreading Zone
Authors: Suzuki Nobuhisa , Watanabe Hidetaka , Mayumi Toshiyuki , Horikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2014

Excellent workability of the stress-strain curve controlled high strain line pipe on cold bending with a bending angle of 10 degrees is presented. The high-strain line pipe has a round-house type s-s curve with the stress ratio σ2.0/σ1.0 of 1.030, where σ1.0 and σ2.0 are 1.0% and 2.0% yield stress, respectively. A standard yield-plateau type line pipe was also employed for comparison. FEA was conducted to investigate the cold bending behaviors of X65, 24″ line pipe. The longitudinal strain induced in the high-strain pipe at peak load and unloaded steps are small compared to those in the standard pipe.
Effects of residual strain on local buckling behaviors of the high-strain cold bends are investigated. The effect of residual strain on the strain capacity of cold bend subjected to closing and opening mode bending is small when the cold bend is not pressurized. FEA tends to overestimate the strain capacity in bending when the bend is pressurized. However FEA well predicts the locations of the shell wrinkle of the pressurized bend subjected to opening mode bending when residual strain is taken into account. Seismic integrity of the 24″ high-strain cold bend in a lateral spreading zone is demonstrated.
Investigation of the Influence of the Bourdon Effect on the Stress and Ovalization in Elbows
Authors: Shemirani Farzad M. , Adeeb Samer , Cheng J. J. Roger , Martens Michael 
Published: December 2014

Elbows are used frequently in pipeline systems. Manufacturing of elbows tends to cause the primary circular sections to ovalize. Ovalization intensifies when elbows are subjected to internal hoop pressure. The total ovality in elbows comprises both manufacturing and pressurization ovality. Elbows with oval cross sections under internal pressure tend to straighten. This effect is called the Bourdon Effect. If these effects are not taken into consideration, unanticipated deformations and higher stress levels could be present at the location of elbows.
The Canadian oil and gas pipeline code (CSA Z662-11) has limited the ovality in elbows to 3 and 6 percent for progressive and non-progressive ovalizations, respectively. A mere imposition of two limits cannot determine the safety factor of pipeline. Also, consequences of using elbows with large ovality remain ambiguous as well. Understanding the influence of the Bourdon Effect and ovalization on the elbow design parameters is required.
In this paper, the influence of the Bourdon Effect on the stress and ovalization developed in the elbows are investigated. Four Nominal Pipe Sizes (12, 24, 36, and 42) are selected. Elbows and straight pipe segments connected to them are analyzed using Finite Element Analysis. Geometric dimensions of actual scanned pipeline elbows are used to represent the actual situation in the field. Under the operating pressure, the maximum stress, ovality, and the Bourdon Effect in elbows for different elbow thicknesses and straight pipe lengths connected to the elbows are monitored.
In addition, in this paper, the effect of the initial ovality was investigated for NPS 24 with constant straight pipe length. It was shown that the increase or decrease in the final ovality of the pipe is dependent on the initial ovality of the elbow cross section.
Heat-Traced Pipelines: A Double-Containment Solution for a High-Temperature Pipeline
Authors: Geertsen Christian 
Published: December 2014

A pipe-in-pipe (PiP) technology was selected to transport hot fluids through muskeg and multiple obstacles dealt with Horizontal Directional Drillings (HDDs) in Northern Alberta. The system offers both integrity and construction advantages.
• The outer pipe provides an obvious secondary barrier to any leak. It also provides the basis for a surveillance system with a sensitivity more than 1000 times the sensitivity provided by the standard mass-balance.
• The system is pre-constrained: the inner pipe is pre-heated using electrical heat tracing at a temperature such that the system, once installed, has thermal stresses reduced by half and thus permits the installation of the high-temperature pipeline in non-competent soils with no expansion loop and no external anchor.
• The insulation system between the two pipes reduces the heat loss to only 0.3 W/(m2.K), leading to a very long cool down time.
Finally, the pipe-in-pipe can be a simple solution to high-risk and/or high scrutiny areas such as HDDs, sensitive wetlands, unstable soils, etc.
Environmental Management and Mitigation: Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines Project
Authors: Anderson Paul , Green Jeffrey , Postlewaite Linda 
Published: December 2014

The Northern Gateway Pipelines project drew more attention from the Canadian public than most in recent Canadian history.
Northern Gateway has proposed to construct and operate an oil pipeline, a condensate pipeline, associated facilities, two tunnels, powerlines, multiple pump stations, a land tank terminal, and a marine transportation terminal to be located near Kitimat, British Columbia. Not since the Canadian Pacific Railway has a project raised the interest of Canadians.
The regulatory review and assessment process for Northern Gateway was extensive. The Canadian government established a Joint Review Panel to preside over the assessment and review process. To ensure that stakeholders and potentially affected aboriginal communities were heard, the Panel embarked on an extensive public hearing and consultation program. They received thousands of letters of interest, and 4,300 requests for public statements. The Panel heard from approximately 1,200 registered participants in 19 locations. The regulatory hearings spanned a period from September 2012 to June 2013.
Opposition to the project stemmed primarily from concerns about the effect of oil spills on freshwater and marine environments and human use. Others were concerned about the expanded development of oil sands.
The environmental assessment undertaken by Northern Gateway was extensive, as was the mitigation proposed by the project to avoid or minimize environmental effects resulting from the project. The project incorporated new and innovative approaches to minimize environmental effects. The paper introduces the project and the latter part discusses the extraordinary measures proposed and undertaken to minimize potential risks to the environment.
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and Clostridium difficile toxin A/B do not play a role in acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in dogs
Authors: Busch K. , Suchodolski J. S. , Kühner K. A. , Minamoto Y. , Steiner J. M. , Mueller R. S. , Hartmann K. , Unterer S. 
Published: December 2014

Although an association between clostridial pathogens and canine idiopathic acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS) has been described, the relevance of those bacteria and their toxins remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between severity of clinical signs and presence of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) and Clostridium difficile toxin A/B (CDT A/B) in faeces of dogs with AHDS. Faecal samples of 54 dogs with idiopathic AHDS were tested by qualitative CPE and CDT A/B ELISA, and PCR was performed to detect enterotoxin genes of C. perfringens (cpe) and toxin B genes of C. difficile (cdt b). Prevalence of cdt b and CDT A/B in dogs with AHDS was 10/54 and 2/54 versus 3/23 and 0/23 in control dogs. Prevalence of cpe was 35/54 in affected versus 9/23 in control dogs. Prevalence of CPE in dogs with AHDS (13/54) was higher compared with control dogs (0/23). No significant difference was detected between CPE‐positive and ‐negative and between cpe ‐positive and ‐negative dogs in severity of clinical signs, duration of hospitalisation, mortality rate and selected laboratory parameters. This study suggests that CPE and CDT A/B do not play a role in idiopathic AHDS, are not associated with clinical parameters in affected dogs and cannot be used to predict disease outcome.
Differential Privacy as a Tool for Mechanism Design in Large Systems
Authors: Roth Aaron 
Published: December 2014

In this talk we overview how differential privacy gives a collection of tools that can be easily applied to design algorithms which enjoy remarkable incentive properties in large systems and markets -- settings in which the number of interacting agents is large, and each of the individual players are "small". We illustrate this power with two vignettes -- designing mediators to coordinate equilibrium behavior in games of incomplete information (due to Kearns, Pai, Roth, and Ullman, and Rogers and Roth, 2014), and designing ascending price auctions such that sincere bidding is an asymptotic dominant strategy (due to Huang, Hsu, Roth, Roughgarden, and Wu, 2014).
In both of these settings, we get good incentive properties under the assumption that the market is "large" in some sense. However, we discuss how our methodology (via differential privacy) allows us to make substantially milder "large market" assumptions than those commonly appearing in the literature.
Loss of Function in Heparan Sulfate Elongation Genes
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and
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Results in Improved Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Endothelial Function
Authors: Mooij H. L. , Cabrales P. , Bernelot Moens S. J. , Xu D. , Udayappan S. D. , Tsai A. G. , van der Sande M. A. J. , de Groot E. , Intaglietta M. , Kastelein J. J. P. , Dallinga‐Thie G. M. , Esko J. D. , Stroes E. S. , Nieuwdorp M. 
Published: December 2014

Background

Heparanase is the major enzyme involved in degradation of endothelial heparan sulfates, which is associated with impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. However, the effect of heparan sulfate chain length in relation to endothelial function and nitric oxide availability has never been investigated. We studied the effect of heterozygous mutations in heparan sulfate elongation genes

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1

and

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2

on endothelial function in vitro as well as in vivo.

Methods and Result

Flow‐mediated dilation, a marker of nitric oxide bioavailability, was studied in
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+/−

and
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+/−

mice versus controls (n=7 per group), as well as in human subjects with heterozygous loss of function mutations in

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1

and

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2

(n=13 hereditary multiple exostoses and n=13 controls). Endothelial function was measured in microvascular endothelial cells under laminar flow with or without si
RNA
targeting

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1

or

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2

. Endothelial glycocalyx and maximal arteriolar dilatation were significantly altered in
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+/−

and
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+/−

mice compared to wild‐type littermates (glycocalyx: wild‐type 0.67±0.1 μm,
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+/−

0.28±0.1 μm and
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+/−

0.25±0.1 μm,
P
<0.01, maximal arteriolar dilation during reperfusion: wild‐type 11.3±1.0%),
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+/−

15.2±1.4% and
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+/−

13.8±1.6%
P
<0.05). In humans, brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation was significantly increased in hereditary multiple exostoses patients (hereditary multiple exostoses 8.1±0.8% versus control 5.6±0.7%,
P
<0.05). In line, silencing of microvascular endothelial cell

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1

and

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2

under flow led to significant upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis and phospho‐endothelial nitric oxide synthesis protein expression.

Conclusions

Our data implicate that heparan sulfate elongation genes

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and

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2

are involved in maintaining endothelial homeostasis, presumably via increased nitric oxide bioavailability.
Novel Score Predicting Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Faigle Roland , Marsh Elisabeth B. , Llinas Rafael H. , Urrutia Victor C. , Gottesman Rebecca F. 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
Dysphagia after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) contributes significantly to morbidity, often necessitating placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. This study describes a novel risk prediction score for PEG placement after ICH.

Methods—
We retrospectively analyzed data from 234 patients with ICH presenting during a 4-year period. One hundred eighty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. The sample was randomly divided into a development and a validation cohort. Logistic regression was used to develop a risk score by weighting predictors of PEG placement based on strength of association.

Results—
Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.64 per 10-year increase in age; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.65), black race (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 0.96–11.05), Glasgow Coma Scale (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.62–1.03), and ICH volume (OR, 1.38 per 10-mL increase in ICH volume) were independent predictors of PEG placement. The final model for score development achieved an area under the curve of 0.7911 (95% CI, 0.6931–0.8892) in the validation group. The score was named the GRAVo score: Glasgow Coma Scale ≤12 (2 points), Race (1 point for black), Age >50 years (2 points), and ICH Volume >30 mL (1 point). A score >4 was associated with ≈12× higher odds of PEG placement when compared with a score ≤4 (OR, 11.81; 95% CI, 5.04–27.66), predicting PEG placement with 46.55% sensitivity and 93.13% specificity.

Conclusions—
The GRAVo score, combining information about Glasgow Coma Scale, race, age, and ICH volume, may be a useful predictor of PEG placement in ICH patients.
Mediterranean Summer Climate and the Importance of Middle East Topography*
Authors: Simpson Isla R. , Seager Richard , Shaw Tiffany A. , Ting Mingfang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In summer, the atmospheric circulation over the Mediterranean is characterized by localized intense subsidence and low-level northerlies over the central to eastern portion of the basin. Here, simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 are used to investigate the influence of the elevated terrain of North Africa and the Middle East on this summertime circulation. This builds on previous work that recognized a role for North African topography in localizing the Mediterranean subsidence.
By flattening the two regions of elevated terrain in the model, it is demonstrated that, while they both conspire to produce about 30% of the summertime subsidence, contrary to previous work, the mountains of the Middle East dominate in this topographic contribution by far. This topography, consisting primarily of the Zagros mountain range, alters the circulation throughout the depth of the troposphere over the Mediterranean and farther east. The model results suggest that about 20% of the Mediterranean summertime moisture deficit can be attributed to this mountain-induced circulation. This topography, therefore, plays an important role in the climate of the Mediterranean and the large-scale circulation over the rest of Eurasia during the summer.
Further stationary wave modeling reveals that the mountain influence is produced via mechanical forcing of the flow. The greatest influence of the topography occurs when the low-level incident flow is easterly, as happens during the summer, primarily because of the presence of condensational heating over Asia. During other seasons, when the low-level incident flow is westerly, the influence of Middle East topography on the Mediterranean is negligible.
Ott1 (Rbm15) regulates thrombopoietin response in hematopoietic stem cells through alternative splicing of c-Mpl
Authors: Xiao Nan , Laha Suparna , Das Shankar P. , Morlock Kayla , Jesneck Jonathan L. , Raffel Glen D. 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
Ott1 regulates the alternative splicing of Mpl-TR, a truncated isoform of c-Mpl, which modulates Thpo-mediated signaling. Mpl-TR expression impairs HSC engraftment.
Angiotensin II: a new approach for refractory shock management?
Authors: Kimmoun Antoine , Levy Bruno 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPatients with distributive shock still have a high mortality rate and remain an important issue for intensivists. Management of catecholamine-resistant shock in these patients poses a challenging problem. Despite significant advances in the knowledge of its pathophysiology, all innovative therapeutic approaches and interventions have failed to improve outcome. In the previous issue of Critical Care, Chawla and colleagues explored the impact of angiotensin II administration in patients with persistent hypotension despite adapted hemodynamic resuscitation. The authors demonstrate that, in case of distributive shock, angiotensin II is an effective vasopressor therapy. Its impact on outcome and adverse effects still needs to be further explored.
Comparison of the effects of albumin and crystalloid on mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Xu Jing-Yuan , Chen Qi-Hong , Xie Jian-Feng , Pan Chun , Liu Song-Qiao , Huang Li-Wei , Yang Cong-Shan , Liu Ling , Huang Ying-Zi , Guo Feng-Mei , Yang Yi , Qiu Hai-Bo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to examine whether albumin reduced mortality when employed for the resuscitation of adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock compared with crystalloid by meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched for and gathered data from MEDLINE, Elsevier, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science databases. Studies were eligible if they compared the effects of albumin versus crystalloid therapy on mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Disagreements were resolved by discussion with other two reviewers until a consensus was achieved. Data including mortality, sample size of the patients with severe sepsis, sample size of the patients with septic shock and resuscitation endpoints were extracted. Data were analyzed by the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 4.2 software.

Results
A total of 5,534 records were identified through the initial search. Five studies compared albumin with crystalloid. In total, 3,658 severe sepsis and 2,180 septic shock patients were included in the meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was determined to be non-significant (P = 0.86, I2 = 0%). Compared with crystalloid, a trend toward reduced 90-day mortality was observed in severe sepsis patients resuscitated with albumin (odds ratio (OR) 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.01; P = 0.08). However, the use of albumin for resuscitation significantly decreased 90-day mortality in septic shock patients (OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.97; P = 0.03). Compared with saline, the use of albumin for resuscitation slightly improved outcome in severe sepsis patients (OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.08; P = 0.09).

Conclusions
In this meta-analysis, a trend toward reduced 90-day mortality was observed in severe sepsis patients resuscitated with albumin compared with crystalloid and saline. Moreover, the 90-day mortality of patients with septic shock decreased significantly.
Labour market state analysis in the sphere of the hospitality industry on the example of Voronezh
Authors: Щетилина Ирина , Shchetilina Irina , Родионова Наталья , Rodionova Natalya , Мануковская Марина , Manukovskaya Marina 
Published: December 2014

The sphere of hotel service is unique, because the staff is apart of the hotel product. Often it is difficult to distinguish the material part of the product from its spiritual component. The stuff that supplies services is the most important component of these services. The same services can be supplied in different ways, because the personnel of the hotel serves customers differently. The stuff has to receive visitors in such way that he would become a regular customer. It constitutes the main advantage of accommodation. The staff relations must be arranged in such manner that the staff would perform labour in all levels of organization structure with the conscious that their professional activity and the service atmosphere which they create are forming the conscience of the customer.
Highly qualified stuff recruitment is a very important question in any sphere of activity. The hotel sphere is not an exclusion. The owners of the hotels should recruit the stuff without overlooking highly qualified specialists. The staff of the hotel is the face of the establishment and it is very important to be sure that the employee performs his labour qualitatively and is polite enough towards the guests etc. The more competent recruitment implies that the hotel gets more favorable responses and consequently more guests. The well matched highly qualified stuff is the keystone to success.
The article comprises the analysis of the labour market state in the sphere of hospitality industry. The supply and demand of vacancies in Voronezh was studied. Professions and vacancies with best job opportunities were determined as the result of the analysis.
Strategic management of tourism in the region: risk factors (on the example of the Yaroslavl region)
Authors: Виноградова Марина , Vinogradova Marina , Платонова Наталья , Platonova Natalya 
Published: December 2014

The article considers the questions of the important problem of strategic management of tourism in the region — the factors of risk and their assessment. The Yaroslavl region pursues a very active policy concerning the priority branches of social-economic development and it was considered an object of this research. Tourism is one of the most important branches because it develops dynamically. Average annual increase of tourists in the Yaroslavl Region comes to 15,1%, whereas in the Strategy of socio-economical development of Yaroslavl region the planned value was 10,7%. Due to this, detection of the riskfactors and their possible influence assessment is a topical problem, especially in the sphere of tourism.
The article considers riskfactors that are to be taken into account during the realization of strategic solutions in the sphere of tourism development. Furthermore, there are expert methods proposed to define the impact of various riskfactors on the realization of the strategy. The article also comprises the quantitative assessment of this impact with due regard for realization of various scenarios of development of tourism in this region that were proposed in the project of Strategy of tourism development of Yaroslavl region till 2025. As the quantitative parameter the supposed tourist turnover was used which was calculated in three variants basing on the amount of tourist expenses.
The authors tried therefore to reveal the riskfactors and define their impact on possible results of strategic management of tourism development in the region.