bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection ofLeishmania Infantumin red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Central Greece
Authors: KARAYIANNIS STELIOS , NTAIS PANTELIS , MESSARITAKIS IPPOKRATIS , TSIRIGOTAKIS NIKOLAOS , DOKIANAKIS EMMANOUIL , ANTONIOU MARIA 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYThis is the first record ofLeishmaniadetection in foxes in Greece. Spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and blood samples were collected from 47 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) found dead or captured, narcotized and freed after bleeding, from November 2009 to 2011, in Fthiotida prefecture, central Greece. This is an endemic for canine leishmaniasis area with several human visceral leishmaniasis cases. The samples were tested forLeishmania infantumandLeishmania tropicaby molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism) and serology (indirect immunofluorescent antibody test; when blood samples were available).Leishmania infantumDNA was detected in 28 animals (59·5%). PCR positivity was related to animal age, sex, weight, characteristics of the area trapped, presence of leishmaniasis symptoms and presence of endo- and ecto-parasites. The results were related to dog seropositivity obtained earlier in the area. The findings support the hypothesis that this wild canid may serve as a reservoir forLeishmaniain areas where the sandfly vectors are found. In the prefectures of Larisa and Magnisia, adjacent to Fthiotida,Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi(known vectors ofL. infantum) have been reported.
Languages of Affection and Rationality: Household Workers' Strategies before the Tribunal of Domestic Work, Buenos Aires, 1956–2013
Authors: Pérez Inés , Canevaro Santiago 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article analyzes household workers’ discursive strategies before the Tribunal of Domestic Work (TDW) between 1956 and 2013. The TDW is an institution created in 1956 to arbitrate labor relations within domestic service in Buenos Aires. This article shows that workers’ strategies use alternatively a language of rationality and labor relations on the one hand, and of affection and family-like bonds on the other. The overlap of languages of rationality and affection persisted during the entire period under analysis. However, it did not have the same significance over time. Specific articulations of affect or rationality legitimated workers’ rights at different moments in relation to particular labor relations. Based on a close reading of more than 800 case records, the article shows that, despite the particularities of any individual cases, patterns of argument emerged, connected to changes in the world of labor and transformations in the dynamics of domestic service.
Making History through Policy: A Field Report on the International Domestic Workers Movement
Authors: Fish Jennifer N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPaid household labor has fertilized the development of national economies, while also nourishing the capitalist labor systems that has allowed globalization to thrive. However, this transnational sector has remained historically invisible, devalued, and unprotected from national and international legislative frameworks. In 2010, the International Labor Organization (ILO) finally embraced this challenge through two years of negotiations on the world's first international convention to assure “Decent Work for Domestic Workers.” These tripartite debates set the stage for the largest inclusion of “actual workers” in policy making. The debates also mobilized the world's first international domestic workers’ movement. This report from the field highlights a distinct process whereby workers themselves played a pivotal role in the creation of international labor policy. According to International Domestic Workers Federation president Myrtle Witbooi, this “new beginning” set “a benchmark for decent work and social equality.”
From “Master” to “Loser”: Changing Working-Class Cultural Identity in Contemporary China
Authors: Li Ju 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article explores how the prolonged and erosive deindustrialization in China's struggling state-owned enterprises (SOE), an inevitable result of the neoliberal shift in industrialization policy from socialist import-substitution industrialization to globalized export-oriented industrialization, has changed workers’ perceptions of themselves and their work. Based on in-depth interviews with workers and participant observation in one enterprise—Nanfang Steel—this study describes how what it means to be a worker has changed over two generations of SOE workers. The “glorious” identity of the worker, promoted by the state during the Maoist era, and emphatically proclaimed by elder workers despite its internal limitations and contradictions, has been dismantled by the neoliberal reform and has instead metamorphosed into a newly developed and “stigma-laden” cultural identity created by contemporary hegemonic discourse and then bitterly internalized by currently employed younger workers.
Mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings: a public mental health perspective
Authors: Tol W. A. , Purgato M. , Bass J. K. , Galappatti A. , Eaton W. 
Published: September 2015

Aims.To discuss the potential usefulness of a public health approach for ‘mental health and psychosocial support’ (MHPSS) interventions in humanitarian settings.Methods.Building on public mental health terminology in accordance with recent literature on this topic and considering existing international consensus guidelines on MHPSS interventions in humanitarian settings, this paper reflects on the relevance of the language of promotion and prevention for supporting the rationale, design and evaluation of interventions, with a particular focus on populations affected by disasters and conflicts in low- and middle-income countries.Results.A public mental health approach and associated terminology can form a useful framework in the design and evaluation of MHPSS interventions, and may contribute to reducing a divisive split between ‘mental health’ and ‘psychosocial’ practice in the humanitarian field. Many of the most commonly implemented MHPSS interventions in humanitarian settings can be described in terms of promotion and prevention terminology.Conclusions.The use of a common terminology across health, protection, education, nutrition and other relevant sectors providing humanitarian interventions has the potential to allow for integration of MHPSS activities in one overall framework, with diverse humanitarian practitioners working to achieve a common goal.
Highly multiplexed imaging of single cells using a high-throughput cyclic immunofluorescence method
Authors: Lin Jia-Ren , Fallahi-Sichani Mohammad , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSingle-cell analysis reveals aspects of cellular physiology not evident from population-based studies, particularly in the case of highly multiplexed methods such as mass cytometry (CyTOF) able to correlate the levels of multiple signalling, differentiation and cell fate markers. Immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy adds information on cell morphology and the microenvironment that are not obtained using flow-based techniques, but the multiplicity of conventional IF is limited. This has motivated development of imaging methods that require specialized instrumentation, exotic reagents or proprietary protocols that are difficult to reproduce in most laboratories. Here we report a public-domain method for achieving high multiplicity single-cell IF using cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF), a simple and versatile procedure in which four-colour staining alternates with chemical inactivation of fluorophores to progressively build a multichannel image. Because CycIF uses standard reagents and instrumentation and is no more expensive than conventional IF, it is suitable for high-throughput assays and screening applications.
Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in fish and bivalves sold for human consumption
Authors: Rochman Chelsea M. , Tahir Akbar , Williams Susan L. , Baxa Dolores V. , Lam Rosalyn , Miller Jeffrey T. , Teh Foo-Ching , Werorilangi Shinta , Teh Swee J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe ubiquity of anthropogenic debris in hundreds of species of wildlife and the toxicity of chemicals associated with it has begun to raise concerns regarding the presence of anthropogenic debris in seafood. We assessed the presence of anthropogenic debris in fishes and shellfish on sale for human consumption. We sampled from markets in Makassar, Indonesia and from California, USA. All fish and shellfish were identified to species where possible. Anthropogenic debris was extracted from the digestive tracts of fish and whole shellfish using a 10% KOH solution and quantified under a dissecting microscope. In Indonesia, anthropogenic debris was found in 28% of individual fish and in 55% of all species. Similarly, in the USA, anthropogenic debris was found in 25% of individual fish and in 67% of all species. Anthropogenic debris was also found in 33% of individual shellfish sampled. All of the anthropogenic debris recovered from fish in Indonesia was plastic, whereas anthropogenic debris recovered from fish in the USA was primarily fibers. Variations in debris types likely reflect different sources and waste management strategies between countries. We report some of the first findings of plastic debris in fishes directly sold for human consumption raising concerns regarding human health.
Translational compensation of genomic instability in neuroblastoma
Authors: Dassi Erik , Greco Valentina , Sidarovich Viktoryia , Zuccotti Paola , Arseni Natalia , Scaruffi Paola , Tonini Gian Paolo , Quattrone Alessandro 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCancer-associated gene expression imbalances are conventionally studied at the genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels. Given the relevance of translational control in determining cell phenotypes, we evaluated the translatome, i.e., the transcriptome engaged in translation, as a descriptor of the effects of genetic instability in cancer. We performed this evaluation in high-risk neuroblastomas, which are characterized by a low frequency of point mutations or known cancer-driving genes and by the presence of several segmental chromosomal aberrations that produce gene-copy imbalances that guide aggressiveness. We thus integrated genome, transcriptome, translatome and miRome profiles in a representative panel of high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines. We identified a number of genes whose genomic imbalance was corrected by compensatory adaptations in translational efficiency. The transcriptomic level of these genes was predictive of poor prognosis in more than half of cases and the genomic imbalances found in their loci were shared by 27 other tumor types. This homeostatic process is also not limited to copy number-altered genes, as we showed the translational stoichiometric rebalance of histone genes. We suggest that the translational buffering of fluctuations in these dose-sensitive transcripts is a potential driving process of neuroblastoma evolution.
A mouse model replicating hippocampal sparing cranial irradiation in humans: A tool for identifying new strategies to limit neurocognitive decline
Authors: Tomé Wolfgang A. , Gökhan Şölen , Brodin N. Patrik , Gulinello Maria E. , Heard John , Mehler Mark F. , Guha Chandan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCancer patients undergoing cranial irradiation are at risk of developing neurocognitive impairments. Recent evidence suggests that radiation-induced injury to the hippocampi could play an important role in this cognitive decline. As a tool for studying the mechanisms of hippocampal-dependent cognitive decline, we developed a mouse model replicating the results of the recent clinical RTOG 0933 study of hippocampal sparing whole-brain irradiation. We irradiated 16-week-old female C57BL/6J mice to a single dose of 10 Gy using either whole-brain irradiation (WBRT) or hippocampal sparing irradiation (HSI). These animals, as well as sham-irradiated controls, were subjected to behavioral/cognitive assessments distinguishing between hippocampal-dependent and hippocampal-independent functions. Irradiation was well tolerated by all animals and only limited cell death of proliferating cells was found within the generative zones. Animals exposed to WBRT showed significant deficits compared to sham-irradiated controls in the hippocampal-dependent behavioral task. In contrast, HSI mice did not perform significantly different from sham-irradiated mice (control group) and performed significantly better when compared to WBRT mice. This is consistent with the results from the RTOG 0933 clinical trial and as such this animal model could prove a helpful tool for exploring new strategies for mitigating cognitive decline in cancer patients receiving cranial irradiation.
Enhanced nematicidal potential of the chitinase pachi from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in association with Cry21Aa
Authors: Chen Lin , Jiang Huang , Cheng Qipeng , Chen Junpeng , Wu Gaobing , Kumar Ashok , Sun Ming , Liu Ziduo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNematodes are known to be harmful to various crops, vegetables, plants and insects. The present study reports that, chitin upregulates the activity of chitinase (20%) and nematicidal potential (15%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The chitinase gene (pachi) from P. aeruginosa was cloned and its nematicidal activity of pachi protein against Caenorhabditis elegans was studied. The mortality rate induced by pachi increased by 6.3-fold when in association with Cry21Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis. Pachi efficiently killed C. elegans in its native state (LC50 = 387.3 ± 31.7 μg/ml), as well as in association with Cry21Aa (LC50 = 30.9 ± 4.1 μg/ml), by degrading the cuticle, egg shell and intestine in a relatively short time period of 24 h. To explore the nematidal potential of chitinase, six fusion proteins were constructed using gene engineering techniques. The CHACry showed higher activity against C. elegans than others owing to its high solubility. Notably, the CHACry showed a synergistic factor of 4.1 versus 3.5 a mixture [1:1] of pachi and Cry21Aa. The present study has identified eco-friendly biological routes (e.g., mixed proteins, fusion proteins) with potent nematicidal activity, which not only can help to prevent major crop losses but also strengthen the agro-economy and increase gross crop yield.
Dirac and Weyl Semimetal in XYBi (X = Ba, Eu; Y = Cu, Ag and Au)
Authors: Du Yongping , Wan Bo , Wang Di , Sheng Li , Duan Chun-Gang , Wan Xiangang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWeyl and Dirac semimetals recently stimulate intense research activities due to their novel properties. Combining first-principles calculations and effective model analysis, we predict that nonmagnetic compounds BaYBi (Y = Au, Ag and Cu) are Dirac semimetals. As for the magnetic compound EuYBi, although the time reversal symmetry is broken, their long-range magnetic ordering cannot split the Dirac point into pairs of Weyl points. However, we propose that partially substitute Eu ions by Ba ions will realize the Weyl semimetal.
GaAs quantum well‐dots solar cells with spectral response extended to 1100 nm
Authors: Mintairov S.A. , Kalyuzhnyy N.A. , Maximov M.V. , Nadtochiy A.M. , Rouvimov S. , Zhukov A.E. 
Published: September 2015

Expanding the photosensitivity spectrum of a single‐junction GaAs‐based solar cell to 1100 nm by using InGaAs hybrid quantum well dots (QWDs) multilayer media is reported. This nanostructure represents an In0.3Ga0.7As quantum wells with modulation of thickness and composition. Up to 15 QWD layers alternated with GaAs spacers can be inserted in an i‐region of the GaAs p–i–n junction without impairing its crystal quality and quantum efficiency in spectral interval of GaAs absorption. The QWD layers are responsible for appearance of a longer wave spectral response (900–1100 nm). A photocurrent increment as high as 4.6 (5.2) mA/cm2 for terrestrial (space) spectrum is demonstrated.
Oxidation of vanadium metal in oxygen plasma and their characterizations
Authors: Sharma Rabindar Kumar , Singh Megha , Kumar Prabhat , Reddy G. B. 
Published: September 2015

In this report, the role of oxygen plasma on oxidation of vanadium (V) metal and the volatilization of its oxides has been studied as a function of source (V metal strip) temperature (Tss) and oxygen partial pressure (PO2). The presence of O2-plasma not only enhances the oxidation rate but also ficilitates in transport of oxide molecules from metal to substrate, as confirmed by the simultanous deposition of oxide film onto substrate. Both the oxidized metal strips and oxide films deposited on substrates are characterized separately. The structural and vibrational results evidence the presence of two different oxide phases (i.e. orthorhombic V2O5 and monocilinic V O2) in oxide layers formed on V metal strips, whereas the oxide films deposited on substrates exhibit only orthorhombic phase (i.e. V2O5). The decrease in peak intensities recorded from heated V metal strips on increasing Tss points out the increment in the rate of oxide volatilization, which also confirms by the oxide layer thickness measurements. The SEM results show the noticeable surface changes on V-strips as the function of Tss and PO2 and their optimum values are recorded to be 500 ˚C and 7.5 × 10−2 Torr, respectively to deposit maximum thick oxide film on substrate. The formation of microcracks on oxidized V-strips, those responsible to countinue oxidation is also confirmed by SEM results. The compositional study of oxide layers formed on V-strips, corroborates their pureness and further assures about the existence of mixed oxide phases. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on oxidation of V-metal has also been discussed in the present report. All the results are well in agreement to each other.
William Shakespeare
Authors: Wells Stanley 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
William Shakespeare: A Very Short Introduction provides a guide to the life and writings of one of the world’s greatest and best-known dramatists: William Shakespeare. Looking at his early life and education, it explores Shakespeare’s social and intellectual background and the literary traditions on which Shakespeare drew. Examining the theatres and theatrical profession of the time, it also considers how Shakespeare experienced this world, both as an actor and as a writer. Examining Shakespeare’s narrative poems, sonnets, and all of his plays, this VSI outlines their sources, style, and originality over the course of Shakespeare’s career, to consider the fundamental impact his work has had for subsequent generations.
Formation of emission line dots and extremely metal-deficient dwarfs from almost dark galaxies
Authors: Bekki Kenji 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Recent observations have discovered a number of extremely gas-rich very faint dwarf galaxies possibly embedded in low-mass dark matter haloes. We investigate star formation histories of these gas-rich dwarf (‘almost dark’) galaxies both for isolated and interacting/merging cases. We find that although star formation rates (SFRs) are very low (&lt;10−5 M⊙ yr−1) in the simulated dwarfs in isolation for the total halo masses (Mh) of 108-109 M⊙, they can be dramatically increased to be ∼10−4 M⊙ yr−1 when they interact or merge with other dwarfs. These interacting faint dwarfs with central compact H ii regions can be identified as isolated emission line dots (‘ELdots’) owing to their very low surface brightness envelopes of old stars. The remnant of these interacting and merging dwarfs can finally develop central compact stellar systems with very low metallicities (Z/Z⊙ &lt; 0.1), which can be identified as extremely metal-deficient (‘XMD’) dwarfs. These results imply that although there would exist many faint dwarfs that can be hardly detected in the current optical observations, they can be detected as isolated ELdots or XMD dwarfs, when they interact with other galaxies and their host environments. We predict that nucleated ultrafaint dwarfs formed from the darkest dwarf merging can be identified as low-mass globular clusters owing to the very low surface brightness stellar envelopes.
Epicureanism
Authors: Verde Francesco 
Published: September 2015

The term “Epicureanism” means the philosophy of Epicurus (b. Samos c. 342–341 bce, d. Athens c. 271–270 bce) and the school founded by him. Epicurus was one of the most famous Greek philosophers of the Hellenistic period (which traditionally dates from the death of Alexander the Great [323 bce] to the Battle of Actium [31 bce]) and its influence on the history of Western philosophy is certainly decisive. Epicurus’s philosophy is organized into a coherent system, with parts that follow an unchangeable order oriented toward ethics; i.e., the end and the culmination to which philosophy aims: (1) canonic (i.e., the epistemological part of the system, which contains the criteria of truth based on the veracity of sensations); (2) physiology (i.e., the science of nature, which explains everything on the ground of atoms and void); (3) ethics (which promises the attainment of happiness through pleasure, which is the complete absence of pain). Although most of Epicurus’s works have been lost, a crucial source to rebuild his philosophy is Diogenes Laertius’s Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, Book 10, that preserved the “Testament” (§§ 16–21); the three doctrinal letters addressed to Herodotus (§§ 35–83, about the science of nature), to Pythocles (§§ 84–116, about celestial and meteorological phenomena), and to Menoeceus (§§ 121–135, about ethics); and forty “Principal Doctrines” (§§ 139–154, essentially about morals). A Vatican Library manuscript (Vat gr. 1950) also preserved eighty-one maxims (some are identical to Principal Doctrines; others are attributable to the Epicurean Metrodorus of Lampsacus): it is the so-called Gnomologium Vaticanum Epicureum (Vatican Sayings). The masterpiece of Epicurus devoted to the science of nature is Peri physeos (On Nature) in thirty-seven books, only a few fragmentary papyri of these have been found in the Villa dei Papiri in Herculaneum (Italy). Beyond the works by several Epicureans (such as Philodemus of Gadara) found in Herculaneum, Lucretius’s De rerum natura (Of the Nature of Things) and the monumental inscription on stone by Diogenes of Oinoanda (in Lycia) dated around 120 ce are very significant Epicurean sources. After establishing some “philosophical circles” in Mytilene and Lampsacus, Epicurus founded his main philosophical school, the “Garden” (Kepos), in Athens (307–304 bce). Many scholarchs succeeded Epicurus at the helm of the Garden, from Hermarchus of Mytilene (scholarch after Epicurus until about 250 bce) to Patron (before 50 bce); however, no clear information is available after that on the succession of Kepos leaders. Epicureanism was one of the most enduring philosophical schools of the ancient world. Up to the Imperial Age, it is possible to ascertain that Epicureanism was still active; it is well known, indeed, that one of the Imperial chairs created by Marcus Aurelius (176 ce) was of Epicurean philosophy.