bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Reciprocation Modulates Resource Allocation in Adolescent Social Networks: Developmental Effects
Authors: Burnett Heyes Stephanie , Jih Yeou‐Rong , Block Per , Hiu Chii‐Fen , Holmes Emily A. , Lau Jennifer Y. F. 
Published: July 2015

Adolescence is characterized as a period of social reorientation toward peer relationships, entailing the emergence of sophisticated social abilities. Two studies (Study 1: N = 42, ages 13–17; Study 2: N = 81, ages 13–16) investigated age group differences in the impact of relationship reciprocation within school‐based social networks on an experimental measure of cooperation behavior. Results suggest development between mid‐ and late adolescence in the extent to which reciprocation of social ties predicted resource allocation. With increasing age group, investment decisions increasingly reflected the degree to which peers reciprocated feelings of friendship. This result may reflect social‐cognitive development, which could facilitate the ability to navigate an increasingly complex social world in adolescence and promote positive and enduring relationships into adulthood.
Educational level and chronic inflammation in the elderly – the role of obesity: results from the population‐based CARLA study
Authors: Medenwald D. , Loppnow H. , Kluttig A. , Nuding S. , Greiser K. H. , Thiery J. , Tiller D. , Herzog B. , Werdan K. , Haerting J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the mediating role of anthropometric parameters in the relation of education and inflammation in the elderly. Cross‐sectional data from the population‐based CARdio‐vascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle study were used after excluding subjects with a plasma level of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) above 10 mg L−1 (916 men/760 women remaining). Education was categorized in accordance with International Standard Classification of Education. As inflammation parameters, the soluble tumour necrosis factor type 1 (sTNF‐R1), hsCRP and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) were taken into account. Anthropometric parameters were the body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHeR). We used covariate adjusted mixed models to assess associations. Effect measures were the natural indirect effect (NIE), controlled direct effect and total effect (TE). Education was associated with sTNF‐R1, hsCRP and IL‐6 in men, and sTNF‐R1 and hsCRP in women. Anthropometric parameters correlated with all inflammation parameters after covariate adjustment. BMI and WHeR were strong mediators of educational differences in sTNF‐R1 (percentage of NIE of TE: 28% in men; 33% in women) and hsCRP (percentage of NIE of TE: 35% in men; 52% in women), while WHR was the weakest mediator. General obesity mediates roughly one‐third of the association of education with chronic inflammation in the elderly.
Strategies against Architecture: Interactive Media and Transformative Technology at the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum
Authors: Chan Sebastian , Cope Aaron 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAfter being closed for three years, the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum reopened at the end of 2014 a transformed museum in a renovated heritage building: Andrew Carnegie's former home on the Upper East Side of New York City. New galleries, a collection that was being rapidly digitized, a new brand, and a desire for new audiences drove the museum to rethink and reposition its role as a design museum. At the core of the new museum is a digital platform, built in‐house, that connects collection‐ and patron‐management systems to in‐gallery and online experiences. These have allowed the museum to redesign everything from object labels and vitrines to the fundamentals of the “visitor experience.” This paper explores in detail the process, the decisions made—and resulting tradeoffs—during each stage of the process. In so doing, it reveals the challenges of collaborating with internal and external capacities, operating internationally with online collaboration tools, and rapid prototyping.
Intraventricular versus intravenous colistin for the treatment of extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis
Authors: De Bonis P. , Lofrese G. , Scoppettuolo G. , Spanu T. , Cultrera R. , Labonia M. , Cavallo M. A. , Mangiola A. , Anile C. , Pompucci A. 
Published: July 2015

Background and purposeReports on the safety and efficacy of intraventricularly administered (IVT) colistin for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculomeningitis in adults are limited and no comparative studies of IVT colistin versus intravenous (IV) therapy alone have been published. This study compared outcomes of patients with postneurosurgical ventriculomeningitis caused by extensively drug‐resistant A. baumannii treated with IV colistin or IV plus IVT colistin.MethodsIn an 11‐year period, information on 18 consecutive patients with extensively drug‐resistant A. baumannii ventriculomeningitis was collected. Infection was defined on the basis of (i) isolation of A. baumannii from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); (ii) laboratory evidence of CSF infection; (iii) signs/symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) infection. Patients were divided into group 1 (nine patients, IV colistin alone) and group 2 (nine patients, IV plus IVT colistin).ResultsCerebrospinal fluid sterilization was documented for 12 of 18 patients (66.6%). The CSF sterilization rate was 33.3% in group 1 and 100% in group 2 (P = 0.009). The mean time to CSF sterilization was 21 days (range 8–48). Five patients died due to A. baumannii CNS infection (all in group 1), and five deaths were unrelated to A. baumannii ventriculomeningitis. Intensive care unit mean length of stay was shorter in group 2 (20.7 vs. 41.6 days, P = 0.046). Crude relative risk ratio of cumulative incidence of persistent CNS infection in group 1 versus group 2 was 13. No cases of chemical meningitis due to intrathecal colistin administration were encountered.ConclusionsIntraventricular colistin administration is much more effective than IV therapy alone and does not seem to add further toxicity.
The brain‐derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and degeneration of the corticospinal tract after stroke: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Kim E.‐J. , Park C.‐H. , Chang W. H. , Lee A. , Kim S. T. , Shin Y.‐I. , Kim Y.‐H. 
Published: July 2015

Background and purposeA common single nucleotide polymorphism, Val66Met, in the human brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has a potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of stroke. The relevance of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism to long‐term stroke outcomes was examined, specifically with respect to changes in corticospinal integrity.MethodsThirty‐five stroke patients with unilateral motor weakness were genotyped within 2 weeks after onset (T1), and changes in the integrity of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) as well as alterations in motor function at 1 month (T2) and 3 months after onset (T3) were tracked.ResultsOn the basis of the Fugl−Meyer assessment upper extremity score, carriers of the Met allele (Val/Met and Met/Met) showed poorer motor outcomes at T2 and T3 compared to carriers of only the Val allele (Val/Val). For both BDNF allele types, patients exhibited characteristic degeneration of the CST compared to healthy controls. There were no differences between the two genotypes with respect to time‐dependent changes in diffusion‐tensor‐imaging‐derived parameters of the CST. However, the two groups showed different relationships between motor outcomes and directional diffusivities according to the elapsed time after onset. Poorer motor function was associated with lower axial diffusivity values for the Val/Val genotype group in the sub‐acute phase (T1 and T2) but with higher radial diffusivity values for the Val/Met and Met/Met genotype group in the early chronic phase (T3).ConclusionsMotor recovery in stroke patients may be affected by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, possibly through its effects on distinct pathological processes underlying corticospinal degeneration.
Early prognostication markers in cardiac arrest patients treated with hypothermia
Authors: Karapetkova M. , Koenig M. A. , Jia X. 
Published: July 2015

Background and purposeEstablished prognostication markers, such as clinical findings, electroencephalography (EEG) and biochemical markers, used by clinicians to predict neurological outcome after cardiac arrest (CA) are altered under therapeutic hypothermia (TH) conditions and their validity remains uncertain.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were searched for evidence on the current standards for neurological outcome prediction for out‐of‐hospital CA patients treated with TH and the validity of a wide range of prognostication markers. Relevant studies that suggested one or several established biomarkers and multimodal approaches for prognostication are included and reviewed.ResultsWhilst the prognostic accuracy of various tests after TH has been questioned, pupillary light reflexes and somatosensory evoked potentials are still strongly associated with negative outcome for early prognostication. Increasingly, EEG background activity has also been identified as a valid predictor for outcome after 72 h after CA and a preferred prognostic method in clinical settings. Neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, can identify functional and structural brain injury but are not readily available at the patient's bedside because of limited availability and high costs.ConclusionsA multimodal algorithm composed of neurological examination, EEG‐based quantitative testing and somatosensory evoked potentials, in conjunction with newer magnetic resonance imaging sequences, if available, holds promise for accurate prognostication in CA patients treated with TH. In order to avoid premature withdrawal of care, prognostication should be performed more than 72 h after CA.
Gamma Rays Effects on the Optical Properties of Cerium‐Doped Glasses
Authors: Baccaro Stefania , Cemmi Alessia , Di Sarcina Ilaria , Menchini Francesca 
Published: July 2015

Optical systems employed in high‐energy environments are subjected to high doses of ionizing radiation and the stability of their optical properties is required to avoid a possible failure of the experiments. Radiation hard glasses are widely used as substrates or windows in high‐energy applications, due to their resistance in hostile environments where energetic particles and γ rays are present. In this work, radiation‐resistant commercial glass samples were irradiated by 60Co γ rays from 50 to 3 × 105 Gy absorbed doses and at three different dose rates. The optical properties of the samples were measured to evaluate the gamma irradiation effects and the damage recovery after the end of irradiation. A dependence on the irradiation dose rates was found.
Subacute oral toxicity of cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) water extract in SD rats
Authors: Li Kaikai , Zhou Xuelin , Yang Xiaorong , Shi Xianggang , Song Xiaohong , Ye Chuangxing , Ko Chun Hay 
Published: July 2015

SummaryCamellia ptilophylla, known as cocoa tea, is a natural decaffeinated tea plant which has been proved with potential bioactivities. This study was carried out to evaluate the safety of green cocoa tea water extract (CWE) by determining its potential toxicity after subacute administration in SD rats. In the subacute toxicity study, oral administration of CWE up to 800 mg kg−1 body weight day−1 for twenty‐eight consecutive days did not cause either mortality or toxicity in SD rats, regardless of gender. There were no adverse effects in body weight, food consumption, relative organ weight, haematological parameters, clinical chemistry, gross pathology and histopathology between treatment and control groups. Several parameters (e.g. neutrophils%, Ca2+, total Ca) in CWE‐treated rats with high dosage were significantly different from the control groups, but still in a safety level. A dose of 800 mg kg−1 day−1 was identified as the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in this study.
Effect of chitosan on Bacillus cereus inhibition and quality of cooked rice during storage
Authors: Rachtanapun Chitsiri , Tantala Juthamas , Klinmalai Phatthranit , Ratanasumawong Savitree 
Published: July 2015

SummaryImproper cooling of cooked rice at an inappropriate temperature or leaving cooked rice at room temperature can cause food poisoning attributed to Bacillus cereus. Natural food preservative of either squid or crab polymer chitosan solution was added to examine their antibacterial properties against Bacillus cereus in cooked rice during storage at 37 and 4 °C. Both types of chitosan could retard the growth of B. cereus and total aerobic counts in cooked rice stored at 37 °C up to 1 day. In addition, the effect of chitosans on the physical and textural properties of cooked rice during storage was studied. Both chitosans slightly increased the moisture content of cooked rice. However, chitosans had no effect on the whiteness and hardness of cooked rice during storage (P > 0.05). Therefore, both chitosans have a potential to be used as food preservative for cooked rice with no negative effects on rice quality.
Fundamentals of Watershed Hydrology
Authors: Edwards Pamela J. , Williard Karl W.J. , Schoonover Jon E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis is a primer about hydrology, the science of water. Watersheds are the basic land unit for water resource management and their delineation, importance, and variation are explained and illustrated. The hydrologic cycle and its components (precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, soil water, groundwater, and streamflow) which collectively provide a foundation for how landscapes and water interact are discussed at length. Important hydrologic concepts and methods are described in detail but primarily within the context of forested watersheds since most of the nation's fresh water originates from forest lands. The contents of this paper are designed to provide fundamental hydrologic principles to both citizens and policy makers, with the intention of helping to guide informed watershed management activities.
An Introduction to Soil Concepts and the Role of Soils in Watershed Management
Authors: Schoonover Jon E. , Crim Jackie F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSoil is a non‐renewable dynamic natural resource that is essential to life. Water movement, water quality, land use, and vegetation productivity all have relationships with soil. This article introduces many important soil concepts including development, classification, properties (physical, chemical, and biological), quality, and conservation. A general understanding of soil concepts and these interwoven relationships is essential to making sound land management decisions.
Phase Transformation in Ca3(PO4)2:Eu2+ via the Controlled Quenching and Increased Eu2+ Content: Identification of New Cyan‐Emitting α‐Ca3(PO4)2:Eu2+ Phosphor
Authors: Ji Haipeng , Huang Zhaohui , Xia Zhiguo , Molokeev Maxim S. , Chen Mingyue , Atuchin Victor V. , Fang Minghao , Liu Yan'gai , Wu Xiaowen 
Published: July 2015

A case of phosphor is reported where the cooling rate parameter significantly influences the luminescence property. By quenching the sample after the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction at 1250°C, we successfully prepared the Eu2+‐doped α form Ca3(PO4)2 (α‐TCP:Eu2+) as a new kind of bright cyan‐emitting phosphor. The unusual emission color variation (from cyan to blue) depends on the cooling rate after sintering and Eu2+ doping level as it was observed in the TCP‐based phosphors. By the Rietveld analysis, it is revealed that the cyan‐ and blue‐emitting phosphors are two different TCP forms crystallizing in the monoclinic (space group P21/a, α‐TCP) and the rhombohedral structure (space group R3c, β‐TCP), respectively. Upon 365 nm UV light excitation, α‐TCP:Eu2+ exhibits an asymmetric broad‐band cyan emission peaking at 480 nm, while β‐TCP:Eu2+ displays a relatively narrow‐band blue emission peaking at 416 nm. The Eu2+‐doping in Ca3(PO4)2 shifts the upper temperature limit of the stable structural range of β form from 1125°C to ≥1250°C. Moreover, the crystal structures of α/β‐TCP:Eu2+ were compared in the aspects of compactness and cation site sets. The emission thermal stability of α/β‐TCP:Eu2+ was comparatively characterized and the difference was related to the specific host structural features.
Within‐population Y‐linked genetic variation for lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Griffin R. M. , Le Gall D. , Schielzeth H. , Friberg U. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe view that the Y chromosome is of little importance for phenotypic evolution stems from early studies of Drosophila melanogaster. This species’ Y chromosome contains only 13 protein‐coding genes, is almost entirely heterochromatic and is not necessary for male viability. Population genetic theory further suggests that non‐neutral variation can only be maintained at the Y chromosome under special circumstances. Yet, recent studies suggest that the D. melanogaster Y chromosome trans‐regulates hundreds to thousands of X and autosomal genes. This finding suggests that the Y chromosome may play a far more active role in adaptive evolution than has previously been assumed. To evaluate the potential for the Y chromosome to contribute to phenotypic evolution from standing genetic variation, we test for Y‐linked variation in lifespan within a population of D. melanogaster. Assessing variation for lifespan provides a powerful test because lifespan (i) shows sexual dimorphism, which the Y is primarily predicted to contribute to, (ii) is influenced by many genes, which provides the Y with many potential regulatory targets and (iii) is sensitive to heterochromatin remodelling, a mechanism through which the Y chromosome is believed to regulate gene expression. Our results show a small but significant effect of the Y chromosome and thus suggest that the Y chromosome has the potential to respond to selection from standing genetic variation. Despite its small effect size, Y‐linked variation may still be important, in particular when evolution of sexual dimorphism is genetically constrained elsewhere in the genome.
Apoptosis and reduced microvascular density of the lamina propria during tooth eruption in rats
Authors: de Pizzol Júnior José Paulo , Sasso‐Cerri Estela , Cerri Paulo Sérgio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDuring tooth eruption, structural and functional changes must occur in the lamina propria to establish the eruptive pathway. In this study, we evaluate the structural changes that occur during lamina propria degradation and focus these efforts on apoptosis and microvascular density. Fragments of maxilla containing the first molars from 9‐, 11‐, 13‐ and 16‐day‐old rats were fixed, decalcified and embedded in paraffin. The immunohistochemical detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase‐3 and MAC387 (macrophage marker), and the TUNEL method were applied to the histological molar sections. The numerical density of TUNEL‐positive cells and VEGF‐positive blood vessel profiles were also obtained. Data were statistically evaluated using a one‐way anova with the post‐hoc Kruskal–Wallis or Tukey test and a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Fragments of maxilla were embedded in Araldite for analysis under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TUNEL‐positive structures, fibroblasts with strongly basophilic nuclei and macrophages were observed in the lamina propria at all ages. Using TEM, we identified processes of fibroblasts or macrophages surrounding partially apoptotic cells. We found a high number of apoptotic cells in 11‐, 13‐ and 16‐day‐old rats. We observed VEGF‐positive blood vessel profiles at all ages, but a significant decrease in the numerical density was found in 13‐ and 16‐day‐old rats compared with 9‐day‐old rats. Therefore, the establishment of the eruptive pathway during the mucosal penetration stage depends on cell death by apoptosis, the phagocytic activity of fibroblasts and macrophages, and a decrease in the microvasculature due to vascular cell death. These data point to the importance of vascular rearrangement and vascular neoformation during tooth eruption and the development of oral mucosa.
Comparative study of the primary cilia in thyrocytes of adult mammals
Authors: Utrilla J. C. , Gordillo‐Martínez F. , Gómez‐Pascual A. , Fernández‐Santos J. M. , Garnacho C. , Vázquez‐Román V. , Morillo‐Bernal J. , García‐Marín R. , Jiménez‐García A. , Martín‐Lacave I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSince their discovery in different human tissues by Zimmermann in 1898, primary cilia have been found in the vast majority of cell types in vertebrates. Primary cilia are considered to be cellular antennae that occupy an ideal cellular location for the interpretation of information both from the environment and from other cells. To date, in mammalian thyroid gland, primary cilia have been found in the thyrocytes of humans and dogs (fetuses and adults) and in rat embryos. The present study investigated whether the existence of this organelle in follicular cells is a general event in the postnatal thyroid gland of different mammals, using both immunolabeling by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Furthermore, we aimed to analyse the presence of primary cilia in various thyroid cell lines. According to our results, primary cilia are present in the adult thyroid gland of most mammal species we studied (human, pig, guinea pig and rabbit), usually as a single copy per follicular cell. Strikingly, they were not found in rat or mouse thyroid tissues. Similarly, cilia were also observed in all human thyroid cell lines tested, both normal and neoplastic follicular cells, but not in cultured thyrocytes of rat origin. We hypothesize that primary cilia could be involved in the regulation of normal thyroid function through specific signaling pathways. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to shed light on the permanence of these organelles in the thyroid gland of most species during postnatal life.
Evolving Techniques to Improve Radial/Ulnar Artery Access: Crossover Rate of 0.3% in 1,000 Consecutive Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization and/or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via the Wrist
Authors: Baumann Frederic , Roberts Jonathan S. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate several techniques to reduce crossover rates in wrist artery access in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (CC)/percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundPalpation‐guided radial artery (RA) access for CC/PCI is associated with a crossover rate to femoral artery (FA) access in up to 7.6%.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a single‐center consecutive series of patients undergoing CC/PCI was performed. After one 0.4 mg sublingual NTG tablet, the RA and UA were assessed by intraprocedural ultrasound imaging to select the more suitable artery for ultrasound‐guided access. A tight “knuckle wire” technique using a 0.014 inch Prowater® coronary wire was used to negotiate RA, UA, and brachial loops when a standard wire would not easily cross. Crossover was defined as any reason requiring secondary arterial access from the contralateral arm or FA.ResultsA total of 1,162 consecutive patients treated from January 2012 to April 2014 were evaluated. Primary arterial access from the wrist (RA/UA) was performed in 1,000 (86.1%, RA: 977, UA 23) and planned FA access in 162 patients (13.9%). The overall crossover rate from the wrist was 0.3% as a result of 3/1,000 patients requiring crossover to the contralateral arm (radial loop: n = 1, brachial loop: n = 1, vessel injury: n = 1). No crossover to the FA was necessary. All primary FA access sites were successful.ConclusionsCrossover rates of primary wrist artery access to alternative arterial access for CC/PCI can be reduced to less than 1% applying the aforementioned techniques.