bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fig wasp followers and colonists of a widely introduced fig tree, Ficus microcarpa
Authors: Wang Rong , Aylwin Robert , Barwell Louise , Chen Xiao‐Yong , Chen Yan , Chou Lien‐Siang , Cobb James , Collette Daniel , Craine Lamara , Giblin‐Davis Robin M. , Ghana Salah , Harper Maximilian , Harrison Rhett D. , McPherson John R. , Peng Yan‐Qiong , Pereira Rodrigo A.S. , Reyes‐Betancort Alfredo , Rodriguez Lillian J.V. , Strange Emily , van Noort Simon , Yang Hui‐Wen , Yu Hui , Compton Stephen G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

The transportation of plants and insects between countries often has negative consequences, but also provides opportunities to study community processes. Fig trees are a species‐rich group of largely tropical and subtropical plants, characterised by their unusual inflorescences (figs).

Ficus microcarpa is a native of Asia and Australasia and frequently planted elsewhere. Widespread introductions of its pollinator fig wasp, Eupristina verticillata, have allowed the tree to reproduce and become increasingly invasive. Non‐pollinating fig wasps (NPFW) are also widely introduced.

Here, we combine previously published records of the distributions of fig wasps associated with F. microcarpa with the results of our extensive surveys across much of its introduced and native ranges. At least 43 morpho‐species of fig wasps are associated with figs of F. microcarpa, most of which have only been recorded from this host. Twenty‐one NPFW have become established outside their native ranges, but there has been only limited colonisation by locally native fig wasps within countries of introduction.

Fig wasp communities in colonised areas are less species‐rich and contain a lower proportion of parasitoids. The pollinator and two phytophagous NPFW are the most widely introduced species, and usually the first species to arrive in countries where the host fig has become established. The pace of colonisation appears to be accelerating.

The rarity of faunal acquisition on introduced F. microcarpa contrasts strongly with that of introduced gall wasps on oaks and chestnuts.
H1N1 viral proteome peptide microarray predicts individuals at risk for H1N1 infection and segregates infection versus Pandemrix® vaccination
Authors: Ambati Aditya , Valentini Davide , Montomoli Emanuele , Lapini Guilia , Biuso Fabrizio , Wenschuh Holger , Magalhaes Isabelle , Maeurer Markus 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA high content peptide microarray containing the entire influenza A virus [A/California/08/2009(H1N1)] proteome and haemagglutinin proteins from 12 other influenza A subtypes, including the haemagglutinin from the [A/South Carolina/1/1918(H1N1)] strain, was used to gauge serum IgG epitope signatures before and after Pandemrix® vaccination or H1N1 infection in a Swedish cohort during the pandemic influenza season 2009. A very narrow pattern of pandemic flu‐specific IgG epitope recognition was observed in the serum from individuals who later contracted H1N1 infection. Moreover, the pandemic influenza infection generated IgG reactivity to two adjacent epitopes of the neuraminidase protein. The differential serum IgG recognition was focused on haemagglutinin 1 (H1) and restricted to classical antigenic sites (Cb) in both the vaccinated controls and individuals with flu infections. We further identified a novel epitope VEPGDKITFEATGNL on the Ca antigenic site (251–265) of the pandemic flu haemagglutinin, which was exclusively recognized in serum from individuals with previous vaccinations and never in serum from individuals with H1N1 infection (confirmed by RNA PCR analysis from nasal swabs). This epitope was mapped to the receptor‐binding domain of the influenza haemagglutinin and could serve as a correlate of immune protection in the context of pandemic flu. The study shows that unbiased epitope mapping using peptide microarray technology leads to the identification of biologically and clinically relevant target structures. Most significantly an H1N1 infection induced a different footprint of IgG epitope recognition patterns compared with the pandemic H1N1 vaccine.
A secondary meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies of gender and access to cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Angus Jan E. , King‐Shier Kathryn M. , Spaling Melisa A. , Duncan Amanda S. , Jaglal Susan B. , Stone James A. , Clark Alexander M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsTo discuss issues in the theorization and study of gender observed during a qualitative meta‐synthesis of influences on uptake of secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation services.BackgroundWomen and men can equally benefit from secondary prevention/cardiac rehabilitation and there is a need to understand gender barriers to uptake.DesignMeta‐method analysis secondary to meta‐synthesis. For the meta‐synthesis, a systematic search was performed to identify and retrieve studies published as full papers during or after 1995 and contained: a qualitative research component wholly or in a mixed method design, extractable population specific data or themes for referral to secondary prevention programmes and adults ≥18 years.Data sourcesDatabases searched between January 1995–31 October 2011 included: CSA Sociological Abstracts, EBSCOhost CINAHL, EBSCOhost Gender Studies, EBSCOhost Health Source Nursing: Academic Edition, EBSCOhost SPORTDiscus, EBSCOhost SocINDEX.Review methodsStudies were reviewed against inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included studies were subject to quality appraisal and standardized data extraction.ResultsOf 2264 screened articles, 69 were included in the meta‐method analysis. Only four studies defined gender or used gender theories. Findings were mostly presented as inherently the characteristic of gendered worldviews of participants. The major themes suggest a mismatch between secondary prevention/cardiac rehabilitation services and consumers’ needs, which are usually portrayed as differing according to gender but may also be subject to intersecting influences such as age or socioeconomic status.ConclusionThere is a persistent lack of theoretically informed gender analysis in qualitative literature in this field. Theory‐driven gender analysis will improve the conceptual clarity of the evidence base for gender‐sensitive cardiac rehabilitation programme development.
Health of the Nation Outcome Scales in a psychiatric inpatient setting: Assessing clinical change
Authors: Egger Stephan T. , Weniger Godehard , Prinz Susanne , Vetter Stefan , Müller Mario 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) in terms of change in relation to sex, clinical characteristics and level of clinical change as assessed using other measures.MethodsThe sample consisted of N = 690 admissions from one Swiss psychiatric hospital who were assessed at admission and discharge using the HoNOS and the clinical global impression (CGI) scale. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to compare changes in HoNOS scores over time stratified by sex, diagnostic category and CGI level of change, controlled for age and previous hospitalizations. Two‐way interactions between time and these factors were calculated and post hoc t‐tests were conducted to compare changes in HoNOS scores between admission and discharge at factor levels.ResultsHoNOS scores significantly decreased from admission to discharge in bivariate analyses although no main effect of time was found in multivariate models. Sex was found to moderate change in HoNOS behavioural subscale scores; primary diagnosis at admission moderated change in HoNOS total scores, the behavioural subscale and the social subscale; and CGI level of change moderated the change in all HoNOS scales.ConclusionsOur findings confirmed the sensitivity to change of the HoNOS in psychiatric settings from admission to discharge. Furthermore, we found that this change reflected similar changes in the CGI, a well‐established measure for the evaluation of clinical outcomes, which, in turn supports the validity of the HoNOS.
Collectivity, evil and the dynamics of moral value
Authors: Backström Joel , Nykänen Hannes 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe paper aims at making explicit and question the dominant conception that morality is a matter of values and valuation. This conception is usually taken as the self‐evident frame of analysis, both in ethical theorizing and in everyday life and also in most discussions of ethics in medical contexts (e.g. in debates about ‘values‐based practice’). We argue that the dominant conception is deeply flawed insofar as it implies a repression of the fundamental importance of I–you relationships. As a consequence of this repression, what are commonly taken to be ‘personal’ and even ‘individualist’ moral outlooks are, in fact, merely the reverse side of collective norms and values, just as ‘particularism’ in ethics is not a real alternative to ‘universalism’, but rather both are variations on the same repressive theme. In showing this, we also outline the sense in which the moral relationship between an ‘I’ and a ‘you’ has an altogether different ‘grammar’ or sense.
Statewide hepatitis C model of care for rural and remote regions
Authors: Cheng Wendy , Nazareth Saroj , Flexman James Patrick 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe evolution of management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has seen a majority of patients treated being regarded as cured. Despite this development, uptake of treatment remains low in Australia, and this is particularly true in rural and remote areas. The largest state in Australia, Western Australia (WA), covers an area of 2500 km2. As the rural and remote population of WA is scattered in small areas rather than major centers, poor accessibility to remote areas and lack of adequate of medical and nursing resources pose major problems in providing equity of care to patients with chronic HCV. A statewide hepatitis model of care, established in 2009, has led to an increase in identification and treatment of patients living with HCV. Strategies used to facilitate these changes include telehealth, a nurse practitioner model, and general practitioner shared‐care model. The statewide program will be modified to meet the changing needs of patients as all‐oral treatment regimens become available, with further emphasis being placed on the role of rural and remote health professionals in identifying patients with HCV and initiating and monitoring treatment.
Development and Validation of the Geriatric In‐Hospital Nursing Care Questionnaire
Authors: Persoon Anke , Bakker Franka C. , van der Wal‐Huisman Hanneke , Olde Rikkert Marcel G.M. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo develop a questionnaire, the Geriatric In‐hospital Nursing Care Questionnaire (GerINCQ), to measure, in an integrated way, the care that older adults receive in the hospital and nurses’ attitudes toward and perceptions about caring for older adults.DesignQuestionnaire development.SettingTwelve university and teaching hospitals.ParticipantsThirteen experienced geriatric nurses and three geriatricians from 12 hospitals evaluated an initial version of the questionnaire. Two hundred seventy‐one nurses, primarily registered nurses from 11 geriatric, medical, and surgical departments in six hospitals, validated the final questionnaire.MeasurementsItems from two published instruments were extracted for use in the questionnaire. Content validity was confirmed using the Delphi technique with an expert panel. Internal consistency was measured by calculating Cronbach alpha; intrarater reliability was measured using test–retest correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); differences between hospital departments were analyzed using analysis of variance. Sensitivity to detect before‐and‐after changes with implementation of a geriatric care program was determined using the Student t‐test.ResultsConsensus was reached after three Delphi rounds. The GerINCQ is a self‐administered questionnaire to be filled out by hospital nurses that comprises five subscales with 67 items. It has good content validity (each item content validity index >0.9) and good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.86). Intrarater reliability revealed high test–retest results (ICC = 0.87). The questionnaire detected significant differences between nurses in three types of hospital departments (medical, surgical, and geriatric (P < .01). The GerINCQ was sensitive to changes after an educational program (P < .02) and had a large effect size (0.5).ConclusionThe GerINCQ is a reliable and valid tool and is sensitive to change over time. It is clinically relevant because it provides a quantitative measure of hospital nurses’ geriatric practices, attitudes, and perceptions. Moreover, the GerINCQ is suitable for monitoring progress after implementation of geriatric improvement programs.
Eight‐Year Parallel Change in Baroreflex Sensitivity and Memory Function in a Sample of Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Saint Martin Magali , Roche Frédéric , Thomas‐Anterion Catherine , Barthélémy Jean Claude , Sforza Emilia ,   the PROgnostic OF cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events study group
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo examine whether changes in the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) over time, as expressed by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), were associated with long‐term changes in cognitive performance in elderly individuals without dementia.DesignCommunity‐based 8‐year longitudinal study.SettingClinical settings.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 66.9 ± 0.9 (N = 425).MeasurementsAt baseline and follow‐up, subjects underwent a clinical interview, autonomic and vascular measurements, and a neuropsychological evaluation including attentional, executive, and memory tests using standardized Z‐scores. BRS was defined as being normal, moderate, or severe alteration at each evaluation. On the basis of the longitudinal changes subjects were stratified as being stable, moderate or improved.ResultsMean attentional, executive, and memory change Z‐scores were −0.41 ± 0.9, −0.15 ± 0.7, and −0.14 ± 0.8, respectively. BRS of 56% of the subjects remained unchanged, of 20% decreased, and of 24% improved. After regression analysis, the worsened BRS group was 1.88 times as likely to have greater memory change as the group with stable BRS (P = .02). No significant association was found between longitudinal change in BRS and attentional and executive changes.ConclusionIn healthy elderly individuals, BRS decrease was associated with a weak but significant decrease in memory function. The long‐term effect of BRS on memory changes may suggest a role of the ANS in cognitive decline.
Nutritional therapy in cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fialla Annette D. , Israelsen Mads , Hamberg Ole , Krag Aleksander , Gluud Lise Lotte 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis are often malnourished and have a superimposed stress metabolism, which increases nutritional demands. We performed a systematic review on the effects of nutritional therapy vs. no intervention for patients with cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis.MethodsWe included trials on nutritional therapy designed to fulfil at least 75% of daily nutritional demand. Authors extracted data in an independent manner. Random‐effects and fixed‐effect meta‐analyses were performed and the results expressed as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sequential analyses were performed to evaluate the risk of spurious findings because of random and systematic errors. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the risk of bias and sources of between trial heterogeneity.ResultsThirteen randomized controlled trials with 329 allocated to enteral (nine trials) or intravenous (four trials) nutrition and 334 controls. All trials were classed as having a high risk of bias. Random‐effects meta‐analysis showed that nutritional therapy reduced mortality 0.80 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.99). The result was not confirmed in sequential analysis. Fixed‐effect analysis suggested that nutrition prevented overt hepatic encephalopathy (0.73; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.96) and infection (0.66; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.98, respectively), but the results were not confirmed in random‐effects analyses.ConclusionOur review suggests that nutritional therapy may have beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. High‐quality trials are needed to verify our findings.
Secretion of Tat‐dependent halolysin SptA capable of autocatalytic activation and its relation to haloarchaeal growth
Authors: Du Xin , Li Moran , Tang Wei , Zhang Yaoxin , Zhang Li , Wang Jian , Li Tingting , Tang Bing , Tang Xiao‐Feng 
Published: February 2015

SummaryHalolysins are Tat‐dependent extracellular subtilases of haloarchaea. Whether halolysins can be activated before transport across the cytoplasmic membrane in a folded state and how haloarchaea minimize the risk of intracellular activation of halolysins and proteolysis of cellular proteins are unknown. Here, we report that both the precursor and proform of halolysin SptA from Natrinema sp. J7‐2 mature autocatalytically, and the SptA maturation proceeds less efficiently in the presence of KCl than NaCl. When produced in Haloferax volcanii, most SptA molecules are secreted into the culture medium, but a small number of molecules can be activated intracellularly, affecting the cell's growth. Furthermore, retardation of SptA secretion in Hfx. volcanii via mutation of the Tat signal peptide leads to intracellular accumulation of the active enzyme and subsequent cell death. Although the Sec signal peptide can mediate SptA secretion in Hfx. volcanii, the secreted protein undergoes proteolysis. In Natrinema sp. J7‐2, SptA is secreted primarily during stationary phase, and the intracellular accumulation of mature enzyme occurs during the stationary and death phases. The growth phase‐dependent synthesis of SptA, highly efficient secretion system, and high intracellular KCl concentration, contribute to the suppression of premature activation of this enzyme in Natrinema sp. J7‐2.
Mycorrhizal ecology and evolution: the past, the present, and the future
Authors: van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Martin Francis M. , Selosse Marc‐André , Sanders Ian R. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryAlmost all land plants form symbiotic associations with mycorrhizal fungi. These below‐ground fungi play a key role in terrestrial ecosystems as they regulate nutrient and carbon cycles, and influence soil structure and ecosystem multifunctionality. Up to 80% of plant N and P is provided by mycorrhizal fungi and many plant species depend on these symbionts for growth and survival. Estimates suggest that there arec. 50 000 fungal species that form mycorrhizal associations withc. 250 000 plant species. The development of high‐throughput molecular tools has helped us to better understand the biology, evolution, and biodiversity of mycorrhizal associations. Nuclear genome assemblies and gene annotations of 33 mycorrhizal fungal species are now available providing fascinating opportunities to deepen our understanding of the mycorrhizal lifestyle, the metabolic capabilities of these plant symbionts, the molecular dialogue between symbionts, and evolutionary adaptations across a range of mycorrhizal associations. Large‐scale molecular surveys have provided novel insights into the diversity, spatial and temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities. At the ecological level, network theory makes it possible to analyze interactions between plant–fungal partners as complex underground multi‐species networks. Our analysis suggests that nestedness, modularity and specificity of mycorrhizal networks vary and depend on mycorrhizal type. Mechanistic models explaining partner choice, resource exchange, and coevolution in mycorrhizal associations have been developed and are being tested. This review ends with major frontiers for further research.ContentsSummary1406I.Introduction1407II.Biodiversity of mycorrhizal associations1408III.Carbon and nutrient cycling and ecosystem multifunctionality1410IV.Mycorrhizal networks1411V.Evolution and partner selection1413VI.Mycorrhizal genomics and symbiotic molecular crosstalk1416VII.Conclusions and future research1418Acknowledgements1418References1419
What is the Exclusion Problem?
Authors: Engelhardt Jeff 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe philosophical literature contains at least three formulations of the problem of causal exclusion. Although each of the three most common formulations targets theories according to which some effects have ‘too many determiners’, no one is reducible to either of the others. This article proposes two ‘new’ exclusion problems and suggests that exclusion is not a single problem but a family of problems unified by the situations they problematize. It is shown, further, that for three of the most popular attempts to solve one or another of the ‘old’ problems, each remains vulnerable to one of the ‘new’ exclusion problems.
Effectiveness of combined therapy with pirfenidone and inhaled N‐acetylcysteine for advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A case–control study
Authors: Sakamoto Susumu , Muramatsu Yoko , Satoh Keita , Ishida Fumiaki , Kikuchi Naoshi , Sano Go , Sugino Keishi , Isobe Kazutoshi , Takai Yujiro , Homma Sakae 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveTreatment with pirfenidone may slow the decline in vital capacity and increase progression‐free survival (PFS) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The effects of combination therapy with inhaled N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and pirfenidone are unclear. We assessed the effects of this combination therapy in patients with advanced IPF.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of advanced IPF (Japanese Respiratory Society stage III/IV IPF) and a relative decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) of ≥10% within the previous 6 (±2) months were enrolled. Outcomes were evaluated in a 12‐month follow‐up pulmonary function test. Treatment was considered ineffective if the decline in FVC was ≥10% and effective if the decline was <10%. We compared clinical characteristics, effectiveness and PFS between patients receiving inhaled NAC plus pirfenidone (n = 24) and those receiving pirfenidone alone (control; n = 10).ResultsData from 34 IPF patients (age range, 59–82 years) were analysed. At the 12‐month follow‐up examination, treatment was deemed effective in 8 of 17 (47%) patients receiving NAC plus pirfenidone and in 2 of 10 (20%) receiving pirfenidone alone. The annual rate of change in FVC was −610 mL in the NAC plus pirfenidone group and −1320 mL in the pirfenidone group (P < 0.01). PFS was longer (304 days) in the NAC plus pirfenidone group than in the pirfenidone group (168 days; P = 0.016).ConclusionsCombination treatment with inhaled NAC and oral pirfenidone reduced the rate of annual FVC decline and improved PFS in patients with advanced IPF.