bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stomach position in prediction of survival in left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia with or without fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion
Authors: Cordier A.‐G. , Jani J. C. , Cannie M. M. , Rodó C. , Fabietti I. , Persico N. , Saada J. , Carreras E. , Senat M.‐V. , Benachi A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the value of fetal stomach position in predicting postnatal outcome in left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with and without fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO).MethodsThis was a retrospective review of CDH cases that were expectantly managed or treated with FETO, assessed from May 2008 to October 2013, in which we graded, on a scale of 1–4, stomach position on the four‐chamber view of the heart with respect to thoracic structures. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of management center (Paris, Brussels, Barcelona, Milan), stomach grading, observed‐to‐expected lung area‐to‐head circumference ratio (O/E‐LHR), gestational age at delivery, birth weight in expectantly managed CDH, gestational ages at FETO and at removal and period of tracheal occlusion, on postnatal survival in CDH cases treated with FETO.ResultsWe identified 67 expectantly managed CDH cases and 47 CDH cases that were treated with FETO. In expectantly managed CDH, stomach position and O/E‐LHR predicted postnatal survival independently. In CDH treated with FETO, stomach position and gestational age at delivery predicted postnatal survival independently.ConclusionIn left‐sided CDH with or without FETO, stomach position is predictive of postnatal survival. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oberflächenfunktionalisierung von Kunststoffoptik
Authors: Schulz Ulrike 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTransparente Polymere werden zunehmend in vielen Bereichen der Optik eingesetzt. Ihre Oberflächen müssen unter anderem durch dünne Schichten entspiegelt und gehärtet werden. Für Glasoptiken etablierte Prozesse können für die Beschichtung in den meisten Fällen nicht angewendet werden. Im erste Teil des Tutorials (VIP 06/2014) wurden bereits wesentliche Eigenschaften von Polymeren diskutiert, die für die Vakuumbeschichtung relevant sind. Der zweite Teil stellt für Kunststoffoptik optimierte Beschichtungen, insbesondere die Entspiegelung in den Mittelpunkt.
Inverted Cylindrical Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Glocker David , Romach Mark , Scherer George , Eichenberger Justin , Lanzafame John 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe shape of inverted cylindrical magnetrons makes them ideal for coating a variety of optical components having non‐planar geometries such as prisms, gratings and spherical lenses. In addition, combining dual cathode mid frequency unbalanced magnetron sputtering with the cylindrical geometry produces a unique source for ion enhanced deposition on planar substrates located at the ends of the cathode. Using a 330 mm diameter source, thickness uniformity on stationary substrates of ± 0.25 % over a diameter of 160 mm and ± 1.3 % over 200 mm can be achieved. SiO2 and Ta2O5 deposited on Si have indices of refraction at a wavelength 632 nm of 1.47 and 2.13 respectively and dispersion similar to those reported for ion assisted processes. The off‐axis nature of this arrangement makes such sources particularly useful where the acceleration of negative ions produced at the target surface can damage sensitive materials such as OLEDs.
Niedrigemittierende (Low‐E) Schichten auf KFZ‐Verglasungen
Authors: Gläser Hans Joachim , Ulrich Stephan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract Low‐E‐Schichten auf der Außenoberfläche von Gebäudeverglasungen werden seit einigen Jahren zur Verhinderung von Reifbeschlag und für eine freie Durchsicht im Winter eingesetzt. Auch bei nachts im Freien parkenden Kfz wurden sie erfolgreich erprobt. Im Artikel wird das Auftreten von Beschlag auf Kfz‐Verglasung in Abhängigkeit von den Witterungsbedingungen, der Emissivität der Außenoberfläche, bei Tag und Nacht, bei parkendem und fahrendem Kfz simuliert. Es zeigt sich, dass das Außenbeschlagrisiko durch die Abkühlung der Kfz‐Kabine unter die Außenlufttemperatur entsteht. Am höchsten ist das Beschlagrisiko für geneigte Windschutzscheiben, nachts bei klarem Himmel und Windstille. Mit fallender Emissivität verringert es sich jedoch stark. Weitere Berechnungen belegen, dass durch Low‐E‐Schichten auf der Außenoberfläche die solare Energiebilanz Qbal.i der Kfz‐Kabine tagsübersteigt. Bei geringer solarer Einstrahlung wirkt sich dies, insbesondere am Morgen nach dem Parken im Freien, positiv auf die Klimatisierung der Kabine in der Heizperiode aus. Bei großer Einstrahlung im Hochsommer wird die Klimaanlage sowohl beim Parken als auch bei Fahrt aber nur geringfügig mehr belastet. Mit steigender Kfz‐Geschwindigkeit kompensiert die Wärmeübertragung durch den Fahrtwind mehr und mehr die Wärmeabstrahlung an den Himmel, d. h. der Einfluss der Emissivät auf Qbal.i verringert sich.
Improvement of l-citrulline production in Corynebacterium glutamicum by ornithine acetyltransferase
Authors: Hao N , Mu Jr , Hu N , Xu S , Yan M , Li Y , Guo K , Xu L 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 was engineered to produce l-citrulline through a metabolic engineering strategy. To prevent the flux away from l-citrulline and to increase the expression levels of genes involved in the citrulline biosynthesis pathway, the argininosuccinate synthase gene (argG) and the repressor gene (argR) were inactivated. The engineered C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ∆argG ∆argR (CIT 2) produced higher amounts of l-citrulline (5.43 g/L) compared to the wildtype strain (0.15 g/L). To determine new strategies for further enhancement of l-citrulline production, the effect of l-citrulline on ornithine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.35; OATase; ArgJ) was first investigated. Citrulline was determined to inhibit Ornithine acetyltransferase; for 50 % inhibition, citrulline concentration was 30 mM. The argJ gene from C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 was cloned, and the recombinant shuttle plasmid pXMJ19-argJ was constructed and expressed in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 ∆argG ∆argR (CIT 2). Overexpression of the argJ gene exhibited increased OAT activity and resulted in a positive effect on citrulline production (8.51 g/L). These results indicate that OAT plays a vital role during l-citrulline production in C. glutamicum.
KSC-N: Clustering of Hierarchical Time Profile Data
Authors: Heylen Joke , Van Mechelen Iven , Verduyn Philippe , Ceulemans Eva 
Published: December 2014

AbstractQuite a few studies in the behavioral sciences result in hierarchical time profile data, with a number of time profiles being measured for each person under study. Associated research questions often focus on individual differences in profile repertoire, that is, differences between persons in the number and the nature of profile shapes that show up for each person. In this paper, we introduce a new method, called KSC-N, that parsimoniously captures such differences while neatly disentangling variability in shape and amplitude. KSC-N induces a few person clusters from the data and derives for each person cluster the types of profile shape that occur most for the persons in that cluster. An algorithm for fitting KSC-N is proposed and evaluated in a simulation study. Finally, the new method is applied to emotional intensity profile data.
Analytical Characterization and Comparison of Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylates Used in Agrochemical Formulations
Authors: Glaubitz Johannes , Schmidt Torsten C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTristyrylphenol ethoxylates are a group of technical nonionic surfactants that contain no single defined molecule but have a polymeric distribution with an average of 3 styrene and 16 ethylene oxide units. To analyze differences in the ethylene oxide distribution of the surfactant from various suppliers, and thus to specify more precisely the required quality for its use in agrochemical formulations, an analytical method was developed using liquid chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with exact mass measurement in combination with multivariate data analysis. The method investigated here enables a fast and comprehensive characterization and comparison of the tristyrylphenol ethoxylates from different sources. The batches showed significant differences among suppliers with regard to composition and content of by‐products. Differences include the content of the different styrenated phenol ethoxylates (e.g., mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetrastyrylphenol ethoxylates) and of mono‐ and distyrylphenol copolymerized propoxylates–ethoxylates. The supplier of a given sample could be traced based on these differences by using a combination of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. This was possible using either the raw material or a model agrochemical formulation containing the surfactant.
Public goods and procreation
Authors: Anomaly Jonathan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractProcreation is the ultimate public goods problem. Each new child affects the welfare of many other people, and some (but not all) children produce uncompensated value that future people will enjoy. This essay addresses challenges that arise if we think of procreation and parenting as public goods. These include whether individual choices are likely to lead to a socially desirable outcome, and whether changes in laws, social norms, or access to genetic engineering and embryo selection might improve the aggregate outcome of our reproductive choices.
Heterogeneity of PIK3CA mutational status at the single cell level in circulating tumor cells from metastatic breast cancer patients
Authors: Pestrin Marta , Salvianti Francesca , Galardi Francesca , De Luca Francesca , Turner Natalie , Malorni Luca , Pazzagli Mario , Di Leo Angelo , Pinzani Pamela 
Published: December 2014

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) represent a “liquid biopsy of the tumor” which might allow real‐time monitoring of cancer biology and therapies in individual patients. CTCs are extremely rare in the blood stream and their analysis is technically challenging.The CellSearch® system provides the enumeration of CTCs with prognostic significance in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), but it does not allow their molecular characterization, which might be useful to identify therapeutically relevant targets for individualized treatment. Combining the CellSearch® and DEPArray™ technologies allows the recovery of single CTCs as a pure sample for molecular analysis.The purpose of the study was to investigate the heterogeneity of PIK3CA mutational status within single CTCs isolated from individual mBC patients.CTCs were enriched and enumerated by CellSearch® in blood samples collected from 39 mBC patients. In 20 out of 39 patients enriched samples with ≥5 CTCs were sorted using DEParray™ to isolate single CTCs or pools of CTCs to be submitted to Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) before sequencing analysis. In 18 out of 20 patients, it was possible to perform PIK3CA sequencing on exons 9 and 20.Twelve subjects were wild type (wt) for the PIK3CA gene. PIK3CA status could also be assessed in pools of CTCs in seven of these patients, with consistent wt status found. Six patients (33%) had a PIK3CA mutation identified. In 2 of the six patients, molecular heterogeneity was detected when mutational analysis was performed on more than one single CTC, including one patient with loss of heterozygosity on both single and pooled CTCs, and one patient with three different PIK3CA variants on single CTCs but PIK3CA wt status on pooled CTC samples. In six out of the 18 cases PIK3CA status was also evaluable on a primary tumor sample. In one of the six cases a discordance in PIK3CA status between the primary (wild‐type) and the matched CTC (exon 20 mutation) was observed.This study demonstrates the feasibility of a non‐invasive approach based on the liquid biopsy in mBC patients.Moreover, our data suggest the importance of characterizing CTCs at the single cell level in order to investigate the molecular heterogeneity within cells from the same patient.
Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Remote Environments: 2014 Update
Authors: Russell Katie W. , Scaife Courtney L. , Weber David C. , Windsor Jeremy S. , Wheeler Albert R. , Smith William R. , Wedmore Ian , McIntosh Scott E. , Lieberman James R. 
Published: December 2014

The Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop evidence-based guidelines for the management of pain in austere environments. Recommendations are graded on the basis of the quality of supporting evidence as defined by criteria put forth by the American College of Chest Physicians. This is an updated version of the original WMS Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Remote Environments published in Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 2014;25(1):41–49.
Effect of feeding frequency of a diet containing soya hulls on the food intake and behaviour of dogs
Authors: Sabchuk Tabyta T. , Silva Juliana R. , Marx Francielle O. , Felix Ananda P. , Maiorka Alex , Oliveira Simone G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDietary fibre may promote satiety and reduce energy consumption per gram of food. Associated with feeding management, dietary fibre may contribute to reduce anxiety in dogs submitted to food restriction to lose weight. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the food intake and the behaviour of dogs fed diets without soya hulls (0SH) or with soya hulls (16SH) once (1×) or twice (2×) daily. Eight adult Beagle dogs, with 11·3 (se1·6) kg body weight (BW), 4·1 (se0·1) years of age and body condition score between 4 and 7, were distributed in 4 × 4 Latin square design (n8/treatment, 5 d/period) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (0SHv.16SH; 1×v.2×). Food allowance was 50 % in excess of the daily metabolisable energy (ME) requirements; food residues were weighed. The behavioural test consisted in continuously observations for 24 h, using the scanning sampling technique (observations every 10 min). General behaviours, such as sleeping, barking, standing and others were recorded. Food intake in g/kg BW0·75per d of 0SH and 16SH was not different (P > 0·05). However, dogs fed the 0SH diet presented higher (P > 0·05) energy intake (kJ/kg BW0·75per d;P < 0·05) compared with those fed the 16SH diet. Dogs fed 2× daily had higher intake, both in g and in kJ, compared with those fed 1 × , independently of diet. There was no interaction between diets and feeding frequency (P > 0·05). No behavioural differences were observed (P > 0·05). The diet containing 16SH, despite reducing ME intake, did not restrict food intake (in g). Dogs fed 1× per d had lower food intake, possibly due to gastric capacity limitation.
Challenges for Smoking Cessation Intervention as Part of Primary Health Care Services in Developing Countries
Authors: Aung MN , Yuasa Motoyuki , Moolphate Saiyud , Kitajima Tustomu , Fukuda Hiroshi , Lorga Thaworn , Marui Eiji 
Published: December 2014

Background:Smoking cessation is most needed but, least accessible public health intervention in developing countries. Practicality of smoking cessation interventions determines their feasibility to implement in resource-limited setting.Objectives:This review aimed at identifying strategic mechanisms to launch accessible smoking cessation services within primary health care settings of developing countries.Methods:The efficacy of smoking cessation methods were reviewed in Cochrane reviews and clinical trials. Relevant research with an outcome of smoking cessation for six months and articles published after 2000 indexed in the PubMed database were reviewed. The practicality of each intervention was narratively appraised with further reviewing relevant effectiveness trials and observational studies.Finding and discussion:Contemporary evidence favours multi-components smoking cessation strategy combining more than one efficacy-proven methods such as brief advice, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and nursing intervention. Future trials to evaluate social and family influences on smoking behaviour in combination with above interventions are necessary. Moreover, training health care professionals in primary health care to implement smoking cessation intervention may overcome human resource insufficiency and ensure smokers’ access to cessation service within the community setting.
Predicting head-marking variability in Yucatec Maya relative clause production
Authors: NORCLIFFE ELISABETH , JAEGER T. FLORIAN 
Published: December 2014

abstractRecent proposals hold that the cognitive systems underlying language production exhibit computational properties that facilitate communicative efficiency, i.e., an efficient trade-off between production ease and robust information transmission. We contribute to the cross-linguistic evaluation of the communicative efficiency hypothesis by investigating speakers’ preferences in the production of a typologically rare head-marking alternation that occurs in relative clause constructions in Yucatec Maya. In a sentence recall study, we find that speakers of Yucatec Maya prefer to use reduced forms of relative clause verbs when the relative clause is more contextually expected. This result is consistent with communicative efficiency and thus supports its typological generalizability. We compare two types of cue to the presence of a relative clause, pragmatic cues previously investigated in other languages and a highly predictive morphosyntactic cue specific to Yucatec. We find that Yucatec speakers’ preferences for a reduced verb form are primarily conditioned on the more informative cue. This demonstrates the role of both general principles of language production and their language-specific realizations.
Closure or Indeterminacy in Septem and Other Plays?
Authors: Garvie A.F. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:I accept the general consensus that the transmitted end of Septem is not by Aeschylus; his play, as he wrote it, ends by giving an overwhelming impresssion that, while the brothers have killed each other, the city of Thebes has been saved. There are, however, three passages which seem to contradict that impression, by alluding to the usual version of the story in which the city will be destroyed by the Successors of the Seven in the next generation. I argue that all attempts by scholars to explain away this contradiction have been unsuccesssful. Aeschylus deliberately reminded his audience of the alternative version, and the question to be considered is why he did so.
The End of Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus: The Sceptical Case Restated
Authors: Kovacs David 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:An earlier article of mine, Kovacs (2009a), discussed OT 1424–1530, whose genuineness was impugned most recently by Dawe (2001; 2006). I argued that 1424–67 (which I call A) are genuine, but that 1468–1530 (which I call B) are spurious. Sommerstein (2011), accepting my defence of A, undertook the defence of all but a few lines of B as well, dismantling much of my case against it and adding the argument that the transmitted ending mirrors the play's beginning and is therefore presumptively Sophoclean. The present article, in part a reply to Sommerstein's reply, restates some of my earlier arguments and also presents new evidence for the spuriousness of B.
Retirement migration, the ‘other’ story: caring for frail elderly British citizens in Spain
Authors: HALL KELLY , HARDILL IRENE 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen a growth in research on retirement/lifestyle migration to Spain, however this has tended to focus on the reasons for moving, as well as the lifestyles adopted as part of a healthy and active retirement. However, ageing in Spain can bring challenges as a person's resources for independent living diminish. This paper draws on narrative interviews with vulnerable older British people in Spain, focusing on those who have encountered a severe decline in health, are frail and in need of care. It looks at the formal and informal networks and agencies that support these individuals, in particular the resources and strategies they employ to access care. Drawing on a framework of care provision developed by Glucksmann and Lyons, four broad modes of provision for old age care used by older British people in Spain are identified: state/public, family/community, voluntary/not-for-profit and market/for-profit. The paper argues that there are language, cultural, spatial and financial barriers when accessing care in Spain as an older British citizen. It is concluded that there are some frail, vulnerable people that may fall through a support gap, whereby they are no longer the responsibility of UK welfare services, yet not fully recognised in their new country of residence, and asks if more should be done to support this population.
The rigid S-type cable-suspended parallel robot design, modelling and analysis
Authors: Filipovic M. , Djuric A. , Kevac Lj. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents design, modelling and analysis of the selected Rigid ropes S-type Cable-suspended Parallel Robot (RSCPR). The characteristic of this system is its geometric construction which defines the kinematic model through the Jacobian matrix. The relationship between external and internal forces is defined by the Lagrange principle of virtual work. The Jacobian matrix is directly involved in the application of the Lagrange principle of virtual work and generation of the dynamic model of the RSCPR system. Selected examples of the CPR system types are analysed and the comparison of their results is presented. The software package named ORIGI has been developed for the RSCPR model verification.
Evaluating the ecological and behavioural factors influencing Snowy PloverCharadrius nivosusegg hatching and the potential benefits of predator exclosures
Authors: PEARSON SCOTT F. , KNAPP SHANNON M. , SUNDSTROM CYNDIE 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAn understanding of the ecological factors influencing nest success and the effectiveness of management activities focused on improving nest success can be critical to successful conservation strategies for rare or declining species. Over seven breeding seasons (2006–2012) we examined the influence of nest spacing and habitat characteristics on hatching success for the nationally threatened Pacific coast population of the Snowy PloverCharadrius nivosusin coastal Washington, USA in two study areas. Specifically, we assessed the influence of clutch age, nesting season date, distance to conspecific nests, perpendicular distance to the high-tide (wrack) line, vegetation cover and other habitat characteristics at three spatial scales (1m2, 5m2, and 25 m2) centred on the nest. We also assessed the effectiveness of wire mesh cages placed around nests to exclude mammalian and avian nest-predators. We discovered and monitored 307 nests, placed predator exclosures around 142 of these nests and measured habitat variables at 251. Our selected base model included site and quadratic function of season-date. For the analysis examining habitat effects on nest success, only models with distance to nearest active nest ranked higher than the baseline model even when removing the nests that were very distant from conspecific nests (outliers). For these unexclosed nests, predation was the primary source of nest failure and crows and ravens were apparently the primary nest predators. Predator exclosures had a clear positive influence on nest survival. Even though we observed a positive exclosure effect, we recommend that they be used cautiously because we and others have observed adult mortality associated with exclosures. Regardless of the spatial scale, Snowy Plovers are primarily using nest sites with little vegetation, shell or woody material cover suggesting the need for large expanses of very sparsely or unvegetated habitats that allow birds to nest semi-colonially (with near neighbours).