bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autworks: a cross-disease network biology application for Autism and related disorders
Authors: Nelson Tristan H , Jung Jae-Yoon , DeLuca Todd F , Hinebaugh Byron K , St Gabriel Kristian Che , Wall Dennis P 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
The genetic etiology of autism is heterogeneous. Multiple disorders share genotypic and phenotypic traits with autism. Network based cross-disorder analysis can aid in the understanding and characterization of the molecular pathology of autism, but there are few tools that enable us to conduct cross-disorder analysis and to visualize the results.

Description
We have designed Autworks as a web portal to bring together gene interaction and gene-disease association data on autism to enable network construction, visualization, network comparisons with numerous other related neurological conditions and disorders. Users may examine the structure of gene interactions within a set of disorder-associated genes, compare networks of disorder/disease genes with those of other disorders/diseases, and upload their own sets for comparative analysis.

Conclusions
Autworks is a web application that provides an easy-to-use resource for researchers of varied backgrounds to analyze the autism gene network structure within and between disorders.
Availability: http://autworks.hms.harvard.edu/
Morphological and genetic changes induced by excess Zn in roots of Medicago truncatula A17 and a Zn accumulating mutant
Authors: Lewis Ricky W , Tang Guiliang , McNear David H 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundNutrient fluxes associated with legume-rhizobia symbioses are poorly understood and little is known regarding the influence of abiotic stresses on development and maintenance of N-fixing nodules and root system architecture (RSA). We examined effects of Zn on nodule development and structure, root architecture, and expression of nodulation-related miRNAs inMedicago truncatulaand the mutant,raz(requires additional Zn).FindingsExcess Zn increased root and shoot associated Zn in both genotypes, however,razplants had lower root associated Zn than WT plants. Roots ofrazplants exposed to excess Zn had less volume, surface area, and total length compared to WT plants.Razplants had lower lateral root number than WT plants. Excess Zn was found to increase root diameter in both genotypes. The Mn Translocation Factor (TfMn) increased in response to Zn in both genotypes; this was more pronounced inrazplants. TfZnwas higher inrazplants and reduced in both genotypes in response to Zn. Nodulation was not influenced by Zn treatment or plant genotype. MicroRNA166 was upregulated under excess Zn in WT plants.ConclusionsNeither therazmutation nor Zn treatment affected nodulation, however,razplants had altered RSA compared with WT and responded differently to Zn, implying the mutation potentially modulates RSA responses to Zn but doesn’t play a direct role in nodulation. MicroRNA166 was significantly induced in WT plants by excess Zn, warranting further investigation into the potential role it plays in controlling RSA.
Advances in toxicology and medical treatment of chemical warfare nerve agents
Authors: Moshiri Mohammd , Darchini-Maragheh Emadodin , Balali-Mood Mahdi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Organophosphorous (OP) Nerve agents (NAs) are known as the deadliest chemical warfare agents. They are divided into two classes of G and V agents. Most of them are liquid at room temperature. NAs chemical structures and mechanisms of actions are similar to OP pesticides, but their toxicities are higher than these compounds. The main mechanism of action is irreversible inhibition of Acetyl Choline Esterase (AChE) resulting in accumulation of toxic levels of acetylcholine (ACh) at the synaptic junctions and thus induces muscarinic and nicotinic receptors stimulation. However, other mechanisms have recently been described. Central nervous system (CNS) depression particularly on respiratory and vasomotor centers may induce respiratory failure and cardiac arrest. Intermediate syndrome after NAs exposure is less common than OP pesticides poisoning. There are four approaches to detect exposure to NAs in biological samples: (I) AChE activity measurement, (II) Determination of hydrolysis products in plasma and urine, (III) Fluoride reactivation of phosphylated binding sites and (IV) Mass spectrometric determination of cholinesterase adducts. The clinical manifestations are similar to OP pesticides poisoning, but with more severity and fatalities. The management should be started as soon as possible. The victims should immediately be removed from the field and treatment is commenced with auto-injector antidotes (atropine and oximes) such as MARK I kit. A 0.5% hypochlorite solution as well as novel products like M291 Resin kit, G117H and Phosphotriesterase isolated from soil bacterias, are now available for decontamination of NAs. Atropine and oximes are the well known antidotes that should be infused as clinically indicated. However, some new adjuvant and additional treatment such as magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, gacyclidine, benactyzine, tezampanel, hemoperfusion, antioxidants and bioscavengers have recently been used for OP NAs poisoning.
Anti-oxidative stress regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 mediates the adaptive induction of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes by lipid peroxidation metabolite 4-hydroxynonenal
Authors: Huang Ying , Li Wenge , Kong Ah-Ng Tony 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulates a battery of antioxidative and phase II drug metabolizing/detoxifying genes through binding to the antioxidant response elements (ARE). NRF2-ARE signaling plays a central role in protecting cells from a wide spectrum of reactive toxic species including reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS). 4-hydroxylnonenal (4-HNE) is a major end product from lipid peroxidation of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) induced by oxidative stress, and it is highly reactive to nucleophilic sites in DNA and proteins, causing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. In this study, we examined the role of NRF2 in regulating the 4-HNE induced gene expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes.

Results
When HeLa cells were treated with 4-HNE, NRF2 rapidly transloated into the nucleus, as determined by the distribution of NRF2 tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and increased NRF2 protein in the nuclear fraction. Transcriptional activity of ARE-luciferase was significantly induced by 0.01-10 μM of 4-HNE in a dose-dependent manner, and the induction could be blocked by pretreatment with glutathione (GSH). 4-HNE induced transcriptional expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) A4, aldoketone reductase (AKR) 1C1 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the induction was attenuated by knocking down NRF2 using small interfering RNA.

Conclusions
NRF2 is critical in mediating 4-HNE induced expression of antioxidant and detoxifying genes. This may account for one of the major cellular defense mechanisms against reactive metabolites of lipids peroxidation induced by oxidative stress and protect cells from cytotoxicity.
Influence of the Nano-mesh Metal Electrode to Light Excitation of Carriers in Semiconductor
Authors: Masunaga Kumi , Nakamura Kenji , Kitagawa Ryota , Tsutsumi Eishi , Nakanishi Tsutomu , Fujimoto Akira , Nishizawa Hideyuki , Asakawa Koji 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTA thin metal film with nano-apertures, called “nano-mesh electrode,” generates near-field lights near the electrode. We investigated carrier excitations in semiconductors by the near-field light. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method revealed that when the infrared light irradiates the Au nano-mesh electrode on Ge, near-field lights are generated and absorbed in the surface region of the Ge. In order to measure the photocurrent involved by near-filed lights, we fabricated a Schottky cell and applied a Au nano-mesh electrode on the n-type Ge. The efficiency of the Schottky cell with the Au nano-mesh electrode improved in infrared region compared to plain the Au-film Schottky cell. The agreement between theoretical simulations and experiments indicates that near-field lights enhance the carrier excitation in the semiconductor.
Reliability studies of pentacene based thin film transistors
Authors: Ledru R. , Pleutin S. , Grouiez B. , Zander D. , Bejbouji H. , Lmimouni K. , Vuillaume D. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe complex admittance of the Si+/SiO2/Pentacene/Au (metal/oxide/pentacene) thin film junctions is investigated under ambient conditions. The results are compared with the ones obtained for the corresponding Si+/SiO2/Au junctions (i.e. a small part of the surface left free from pentacene) which constitutes the “reference” of our samples. This allows us to extract the “organic” part of the dielectric response from the whole spectrum. Our data clearly show that the admittance is decomposed in three main contributions. At low frequencies, a contribution attributed to proton diffusion through the oxide is seen. This diffusion is shown to be anomalous and is believed to be also at the origin of the bias stress effect observed in organic field effect transistors. At higher frequencies, two dipolar contributions are evidenced, attributed to defects located one at the organic/oxide interface or within the organic, and the other in the bulk of the oxide. These two dipolar responses show different dynamic properties that manifest themselves in the admittance in the form of a Debye contribution for the defects located in the oxide, and of a Cole-Cole contribution for the defects related to the organic.
Low-cost lithographically patterned source/drain bottom contacts for high mobility p-type organic thin film transistors
Authors: Mueller Robert , Smout Steve , Willegems Myriam , Genoe Jan , Heremans Paul 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTShort channel organic thin film transistors in bottom-gate, bottom contact configuration use typically gold metallization for the source and drain contacts because this metal can easily be cleaned from photoresist residuals by oxygen plasma or ultraviolet-ozone and allows also surface modification by self-assembled monolayers (e.g. thiols). Alternative low-cost bottom contact metallization for high performance short-channel organic thin film transistors are scarce because of the incompatibility of the bottom contact material with the cleaning step. In this work a new process flow, involving a temporary thin aluminum protection layer, is presented. Short channel (3.4 μm) pentacene transistors with lithographical defined and thiol modified silver source/drain bottom contacts (25 nm thick, on a 2 nm titanium adhesion layer) prepared according to this process achieved a saturation mobility of 0.316 cm2/(V.s), and this at a metal cost below 1% of the standard 30 nm thick gold metallization.
Enhanced 1.5 μm luminescence lifetime of vacuum deposited erbium-doped organic thin films for optical amplification applications
Authors: Galindo Christophe , Divay Laurent , Soyer Françoise , Chastaing Evelyne , Bisaro Renato , Le Barny Pierre 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTInorganic erbium-doped glasses are widely used in telecommunications due to the sharp intra-atomic 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition in the 4f orbital of erbium resulting in an emission at ∼ 1.5 μm, which is the low loss window of silica optical fibres. The limited erbium concentration of about 1020 ions/cm3 in inorganic erbium-doped glasses and the low absorption coefficient of the Er3+ ions, imply that relatively long lengths of fibre are required. Organic erbium complexes present higher absorption cross sections due to the photosensitization of erbium by the organic conjugated ligands and broader emission bands than those of the free Er3+ ions. Such properties open the possibility to develop compact, low power and broadband infrared emitting devices. We present the study of an organic fluorinated erbium complex exhibiting 1.5 μm luminescence lifetime of several hundreds of microseconds measured on thin film. The organic complex has been deposited by vacuum sublimation technique. This deposition method allows the realization of an erbium-doped thin film without the help of an organic polymer matrix, which is a potential source of vibrationnal luminescence quenching. We report the synthesis, the sublimation process, and the characterization of the thin films. The chemical structure of the complex is assessed by FTIR, NMR and MALDI-TOF. Chemical integrity of the thin film after vacuum deposition is determined by FTIR. The morphology of the thin film is characterized by X-ray diffraction experiments. The optical properties of the thin film are determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and time resolved NIR photoluminescence spectroscopy.
Rare-Earth Doped Nanoparticles in Security Printing Applications
Authors: Cross William , Blumenthal Tyler , Kellar Jon , May P. Stanley , Meruga Jeevan , Luu QuocAnh 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, lanthanide-doped, sodium yttrium fluoride nanocrystals were prepared and dispersed in a solvent consisting of 90 vol% toluene and 10 vol% methyl benzoate. Poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer was dissolved in the solvent, in addition to the nanocrystals. Inks were printed using direct-write techniques. Substrates used included Kapton®, bond paper, metal and glass. Stencil patterns and QR codes were printed with these inks. An overview of direct write printing for security applications is given. On many substrates, these printed traces are difficult to detect in ambient lighting, but can be easily read using near-infrared (NIR) illumination, making them very useful for covert and semi-covert security printing applications.
Preparation of spherical, ordered colloidal aggregates using inkjet printing
Authors: Sowade Enrico , Blaudeck Thomas , Baumann Reinhard R. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report about combining inkjet printing technology and self-assembly as a scalable manufacturing tool for spherical, well-ordered aggregates. The aggregates consist of a high number of ordered colloidal nanospheres arranged as ball-shaped structures. Applying inkjet printing based on the principle of droplet ejection the spherical aggregates can be deposited on various surfaces in dry environment and under ambient conditions. The aggregation of the nanospheres is independent of the surface energy of the substrate leading to the assumption that the main part of the assembly and aggregation process takes place in-flight [1].By applying inkjet printing with an adapted control signal, small droplets of a water-based ink formulation containing monodisperse polystyrene nanoparticles are ejected out of the inkjet nozzles. The ejected droplets serve as a confined geometry for the nanospheres in the carrier liquid during evaporation. As a result, the particles form stable ball-shaped aggregates with hexagonal order. Due to the in-flight self-assembly of the nanospheres, our approach is suitable for any solid surface in dry environment and allows the deposition of the ball-shaped aggregates in appropriate patterns.
Roll-to-Roll Graphene Synthesis by Using Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition at Low Temperature
Authors: Yamada Takatoshi , Ishihara Masatou , Kim Jaeho , Hasegawa Masataka , Iijima Sumio 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe reported continuous depositions of grahene films on copper foils with A4 width using roll-to-toll microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MWPCVD) technique. A pair of winder and unwinder was built into an MWPCVD apparatus. Surface-wave plasma enabled us to deposit large-area graphene film (substrate stage is of 480 mm x 300 mm) at temperatures below 400 ºC. In Raman spectra, G- and G’-band attributed to graphene were obtained. In addition, Dand D’-band originated from defects and/or edges were detected. These results suggested that the obtained graphene films consisted of flake boundaries and defects. After the transferring graphene onto the polyethylene terephthalate film, uniform transmittance and sheet resistance were confirmed.
High electric insulation and hard protective waterproof coating on metal foil for flexible solar cell and smart paper
Authors: Murahara Masataka , Sato Yuji , Ohkawara Toshio 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAn electric insulation resistant coating has been developed by using photo-oxidized silicone oil. The silicone oil was exposed to ultraviolet⊈light in the air; which transformed the organic silicone oil into an inorganic amorphous glass film. Conventional large-area solar panels and smart papers are made of glass or plastic; in addition to being well insulated, waterproof, transparent, and hard, the panels are desirable to be light in weight and flexible. Here, metal foil is dipped into dimethylsiloxane silicone oil, and the silicone oil on the foil surface is irradiated with Xe2 excimer lamplight. Oxygen adsorbed on the sample surface is photo-excited by the irradiation to produce active oxygen. This active oxygen reacts with the silicone oil photo-excited and forms inorganic glass. With the process of the photo-oxidation, the silicone oil is vitrified, being inorganic.
Photo-oxidized Coating on the Optical Materials for High Power Laser Resistance and Waterproof
Authors: Sato Yuji , Matsunaga Eiichi , Okamoto Yoshiaki , Murahara Masataka 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTA photo-oxidized thin film, which transformed the organic silicone oil into inorganic glass, was coated on optical materials surface by using Xe2 excimer lamp at room temperature. This technique has enabled an optical thin coating capable of transmitting ultraviolet rays [UV] of wavelengths under 200 nm and possessing the characteristics of hardness, strain-free, resistance to high power laser, and resistance to water. UV and IR spectroscopic analysis was carried out for investigation of the oxidized silicone oil. The results revealed that the absorption peak of the CH3 group at 2900 cm-1 decreased as the irradiation time of the excimer lamp increased, and the transmittance of the light in the 172 nm wavelengths conversely became high. The UV transmittance of the silicone oil was 29.2 % before the lamp irradiation; and it improved to 90.6 % after the irradiation for 120 minutes. Moreover, in order to evaluate for resistance to laser damage [J/cm2/10 ns], the films were further irradiated with the Nd: YAG laser of ω [1.06 μm] or 2ω [0.503 μm]. The silica glass substrate had almost same laser tolerance in ω and 2ω, 112 J/cm2 and 113 J/cm2, respectively. The laser damage threshold of the photo-oxidized 100 nm thick film formed on the fused silica substrate was 72 J/cm2 in ω and 107 J/cm2 in 2ω.
Hydroxyapatite Pickering PolyHIPEs And “Thermo”HIPEs As Injectable Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zhou Shengzhong , Bismarck Alexander , Steinke Joachim H.G. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTwo types of porous materials derived from emulsion templates are described as potential scaffolds for tissue engineering. Novel oil-in-water particle stabilised, Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsions (HIPE) stabilised with hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles were prepared and polymerised to form stable polyHIPEs. By adding a water soluble glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) derivatised dextran as monomer to the continuous aqueous phase of the HIPEs, these Pickering-HIPEs stabilised by nontoxic biocompatible HAp nanoparticles, can be used as templates to manufacture interconnected high porosity macroporous hydrogels. A second type of emulsion templated “poly”HIPE was prepared without the need for covalent crosslinking chemistry which was replaced by a thermally-induced non-covalent scaffold forming process (thermoHIPE). These scaffolds form close to body temperature and potentially offer a new approach to the formation of injectable scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Porous scaffold made from collagen and liposomes coated with plant derived polysaccharide - in vivo study
Authors: Zarnescu Otilia , Moldovan Lucia , Trif Mihaela , Moisei Magdalena , Gaspar Alexandra , Leau Florin 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo biocompatibility of a new composite made from collagen and liposomes coated with plant derived polysaccharide using a rat subcutaneous implantation model. Histological observation has shown that after five days post-implantation, granulation tissue with vascular dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration was formed adjacent to the implanted scaffold. After two weeks post-implantation, scaffold was highly infiltrated with cells and many of multinucleated giant cells were found to be aligned along the implant/tissue interface. At four weeks the scaffold was completely infiltrated with cells and a fibrous connective capsule isolate the implanted scaffold from the surrounding tissue. The inflammatory response to the implanted scaffold was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for interleukin 1β. IL-1β was demonstrated early in the post-implantation period (five days), but after two weeks, the intensity of IL-1β staining was on the decline. In vivo studies based on histological and immunohistochemical observations showed that throughout the period of implantation, composite scaffold was well tolerated by the host animals and immune responses to the implant were moderate. The observations are consistent with the normal wound healing response to subcutaneous implantation of biomaterials. The results from the in vivo study indicate a good biocompatibility for porous scaffold made from collagen and liposomes coated with plant derived polysaccharide.
New approaches for the local prevention of osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Janvier P. , Schnitzler V. , Bouler J.-M. , Gauthier O. , Despas C. , Walcarius A. , Fayon F. , Massiot D. , Montavon G. , Mellier C. , Bujoli B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTCombining Bisphophonates (BPs) and Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) to form a new medical device for the local treatment of Osteoporosis is a promising challenge. Our formulation was optimized from an apatitic-type CPC and we have shown that the best solution consists in introducing the bisphosphonate (Alendronate) in the calcium deficient apatite (CDA), a solid component of the cement, through a chemical exchange reaction. The cement obtained was characterized by 31P NMR and high frequency impedance for monitoring the CPC setting. The presence of Alendronate in the cement was also demonstrated by 31P NMR which has been also used to characterize the chemical transformation of α-TCP (main component of the apatitic cement) during the setting process. BP absorption/desorption experiments have been realized on cement blocks, under continuous flow condition, to model the release profile of the Alendronate. In vivo experiments showed promising results in terms of resorbability of the Alendronate–loaded cement while promoting new bone formation. The same methodology is considered to introduce gallium, a potential inhibitor of osteoclastic resorption, in a CPC formulation. First experiments have shown that gallium can be incorporated in calcium phosphate ceramics (i.e. β-TCP) where gallium is part of the network.