bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Rhythm Control Versus Rate Control
Authors: Ha Andrew C.T. , Breithardt Günter , Camm A. John , Crijns Harry J. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Kowey Peter R. , Le Heuzey Jean-Yves , Naditch-Brûlé Lisa , Prystowsky Eric N. , Schwartz Peter J. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Weintraub William S. , Dorian Paul 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important treatment goal in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Uncertainty exists as to whether patients’ HRQoL differ when treated with medical rhythm control or rate control. We compared HRQoL between patients treated with rhythm control or rate control in a large observational registry of patients with recent-onset AF.

Methods and Results—

In the Registry on Cardiac Rhythm Disorders Assessing the Control of Atrial Fibrillation (RECORD-AF), 2439 patients with recent onset (<1 year) AF completed an AF-specific HRQoL questionnaire, the University of Toronto Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale. HRQoL was assessed by the AF symptom severity score (0–35, with higher scores reflecting more severe AF-related symptoms) at baseline and 1 year. The minimal clinically important difference was defined as a change of ≥3 points. The primary analysis was based on a propensity score-adjusted longitudinal regression analysis which compared the change in AF symptom severity scores between the 2 groups. Over an average follow-up of 1 year, the AF symptom severity scores improved in both groups (rhythm control: −2.82 point [95% confidence interval, −3.22 to −2.41]; rate control: −2.11 point [95% confidence interval, −2.54 to −1.67];
P
<0.01 for both groups). The magnitude of improvement was higher in the rhythm control group than the rate control group (unadjusted difference: −0.75 point; 95% confidence interval, −1.31 to −0.19;
P
=0.01; propensity score-adjusted difference: −0.71 point; 95% confidence interval, −1.31 to −0.11;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
In this observational cohort of recent-onset AF patients, treatment with medical rhythm- or rate control over 1 year was associated with an improvement in HRQoL. The magnitude of HRQoL improvement was minimally higher in patients treated with rhythm control than rate control. However, the overall degree of improvement was not large, and its clinical significance was uncertain.
Hospital and Demographic Characteristics Associated With Advanced Primary Stroke Center Designation
Authors: McDonald Catherine M. , Cen Steven , Ramirez Lucas , Song Sarah , Saver Jeffrey L. , Mack William J. , Sanossian Nerses 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—
Despite evidence that primary stroke center (PSC) certification is associated with improvements in care and outcome, only a minority of hospitals have achieved this certification. We sought to determine hospital-based factors associated with achievement of PSC certification.

Methods—
We used the 2011 American Hospital Association survey and the 2010 national census for population and household data to identify potential hospital and demographic factors influencing certification as a PSC by the Joint Commission, Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program, and DNV Healthcare.

Results—
Of the 3696 hospitals to complete the survey, 3069 fulfilling study criteria included 908 PSC (31%) and 2161 non-PSC. Independent hospital characteristics associated with PSC certification were Joint Commission accreditation (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–5.0), increasing size (per quartile in number of beds; OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.1–3.1) and inpatient neurological services (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.4–4.6), number of households per zip code (per 1000 households; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2), increasing Hispanic population (by 10% increase; OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2), and income per household (per $10 000; OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3). Designation as a sole community provider (OR, 0.22; 0.10–0.47) or governmental hospital control (0.61; 0.44–0.84) was associated with noncertification.

Conclusions—
Less than 1 in 3 hospitals has achieved certification as an PSC. Potential areas of improvement include increasing certification of governmental-controlled hospitals.
Superfluous Neuroscience Information Makes Explanations of Psychological Phenomena More Appealing
Authors: Fernandez-Duque Diego , Evans Jessica , Christian Colton , Hodges Sara D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDoes the presence of irrelevant neuroscience information make explanations of psychological phenomena more appealing? Do fMRI pictures further increase that allure? To help answer these questions, 385 college students in four experiments read brief descriptions of psychological phenomena, each one accompanied by an explanation of varying quality (good vs. circular) and followed by superfluous information of various types. Ancillary measures assessed participants' analytical thinking, beliefs on dualism and free will, and admiration for different sciences. In Experiment 1, superfluous neuroscience information increased the judged quality of the argument for both good and bad explanations, whereas accompanying fMRI pictures had no impact above and beyond the neuroscience text, suggesting a bias that is conceptual rather than pictorial. Superfluous neuroscience information was more alluring than social science information (Experiment 2) and more alluring than information from prestigious “hard sciences” (Experiments 3 and 4). Analytical thinking did not protect against the neuroscience bias, nor did a belief in dualism or free will. We conclude that the “allure of neuroscience” bias is conceptual, specific to neuroscience, and not easily accounted for by the prestige of the discipline. It may stem from the lay belief that the brain is the best explanans for mental phenomena.
Valence Asymmetries in the Human Amygdala: Task Relevance Modulates Amygdala Responses to Positive More than Negative Affective Cues
Authors: Stillman Paul E. , Van Bavel Jay J. , Cunningham William A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Organisms must constantly balance appetitive needs with vigilance for potential threats. Recent research suggests that the amygdala may play an important role in both of these goals. Although the amygdala plays a role in processing motivationally relevant stimuli that are positive or negative, negative information often appears to carry greater weight. From a functional perspective, this may reflect the fact that threatening stimuli generally require action, whereas appetitive stimuli can often be safely ignored. In this study, we examine whether amygdala activation to positive stimuli may be more sensitive to task goals than negative stimuli, which are often related to self-preservation concerns. During fMRI, participants were presented with two images that varied on valence and extremity and were instructed to focus on one of the images. Results indicated that negative stimuli elicited greater amygdala activity regardless of task relevance. In contrast, positive stimuli only led to a relative increase in amygdala activity when they were task relevant. This suggests that the amygdala may be more responsive to negative stimuli regardless of their relevance to immediate goals, whereas positive stimuli may only elicit amygdala activity when they are relevant to the perceivers' goals. This pattern of valence asymmetry in the human amygdala may help balance approach-related goal pursuit with chronic self-preservation goals.
Neural Correlates of Perceived Confidence in a Partial Report Paradigm
Authors: Graziano Martín , Parra Lucas C. , Sigman Mariano 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Confidence judgments are often severely distorted: People may feel underconfident when responding correctly or, conversely, overconfident in erred responses. Our aim here was to identify the timing of brain processes that lead to variations in objective performance and subjective judgments of confidence. We capitalized on the Partial Report Paradigm [Sperling, G. The information available in brief visual presentations. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 74, 1, 1960], which allowed us to separate experimentally the moment of encoding of information from that of its retrieval [Zylberberg, A., Dehaene, S., Mindlin, G. B., & Sigman, M. Neurophysiological bases of exponential sensory decay and top–down memory retrieval: A model. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 3, 2009]. We observed that the level of subjective confidence is indexed by two very specific evoked potentials at latencies of about 400 and 600 msec during the retrieval stage and by a stationary measure of intensity of the alpha band during the encoding period. When factoring out the effect of confidence, objective performance shows a weak effect during the encoding and retrieval periods. These results have relevant implications for theories of decision-making and confidence, suggesting that confidence is not constructed online as evidence is accumulated toward a decision. Instead, confidence attributions are more consistent with a retrospective mechanism that monitors the entire decision process.
Tolerance of Macaque Middle STS Body Patch Neurons to Shape-preserving Stimulus Transformations
Authors: Popivanov Ivo D. , Jastorff Jan , Vanduffel Wim , Vogels Rufin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Functional imaging studies in human and nonhuman primates have demonstrated regions in the brain that show category selectivity for faces or (headless) bodies. Recent fMRI-guided single unit studies of the macaque face category-selective regions have increased our understanding of the response properties of single neurons in these face patches. However, much less is known about the response properties of neurons in the fMRI-defined body category-selective regions (“body patches”). Recently, we reported that the majority of single neurons in one fMRI-defined body patch, the mid-STS body patch, responded more strongly to bodies compared with other objects. Here we assessed the tolerance of these neurons' responses and stimulus preference for shape-preserving image transformations. After mapping the receptive field of the single neurons, we found that their stimulus preference showed a high degree of tolerance for changes in the position and size of the stimulus. However, their response strongly depended on the in-plane orientation of a body. The selectivity of most neurons was, to a large degree, preserved when silhouettes were presented instead of the original textured and shaded images, suggesting that mainly shape-based features are driving these neurons. In a human psychophysical study, we showed that the information present in silhouettes is largely sufficient for body versus nonbody categorization. These data suggest that mid-STS body patch neurons respond predominantly to oriented shape features that are prevalent in images of bodies. Their responses can inform position- and retinal size-invariant body categorization and discrimination based on shape.
The Dependence of Radiative Forcing and Feedback on Evolving Patterns of Surface Temperature Change in Climate Models
Authors: Andrews Timothy , Gregory Jonathan M. , Webb Mark J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Experiments with CO2 instantaneously quadrupled and then held constant are used to show that the relationship between the global-mean net heat input to the climate system and the global-mean surface air temperature change is nonlinear in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). The nonlinearity is shown to arise from a change in strength of climate feedbacks driven by an evolving pattern of surface warming. In 23 out of the 27 AOGCMs examined, the climate feedback parameter becomes significantly (95% confidence) less negative (i.e., the effective climate sensitivity increases) as time passes. Cloud feedback parameters show the largest changes. In the AOGCM mean, approximately 60% of the change in feedback parameter comes from the tropics (30°N–30°S). An important region involved is the tropical Pacific, where the surface warming intensifies in the east after a few decades. The dependence of climate feedbacks on an evolving pattern of surface warming is confirmed using the HadGEM2 and HadCM3 atmosphere GCMs (AGCMs). With monthly evolving sea surface temperatures and sea ice prescribed from its AOGCM counterpart, each AGCM reproduces the time-varying feedbacks, but when a fixed pattern of warming is prescribed the radiative response is linear with global temperature change or nearly so. It is also demonstrated that the regression and fixed-SST methods for evaluating effective radiative forcing are in principle different, because rapid SST adjustment when CO2 is changed can produce a pattern of surface temperature change with zero global mean but nonzero change in net radiation at the top of the atmosphere (~−0.5 W m−2 in HadCM3).
Effect of Lake Surface Temperature on the Spatial Distribution and Intensity of the Precipitation over the Lake Victoria Basin
Authors: Sun Xia , Xie Lian , Semazzi Fredrick , Liu Bin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A series of sensitivity experiments are performed to investigate the response of precipitation over the Lake Victoria basin (LVB) to the changes of lake surface temperature (LST) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. It is shown that the default LST initialized from NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis is deficient for simulating the rainfall over the LVB. Comparative experiments demonstrate the unambiguous impact of LST on the intensity and pattern of the precipitation over LVB. Intensification/weakening of precipitation over the lake occur with increasing/decreasing LST for both uniform and asymmetrical LST distribution. However, the relationship between rainfall anomalies and LST variations is nonlinear. Replacing the LST directly derived from global weather forecast models by the mean area-averaged LST of Lake Victoria (approximately 24°C) leads to improved rainfall simulation. However, LST with realistic cross-basin gradient is necessary to obtain a rainfall pattern consistent with the observations. The fact that rainfall and wind patterns over the lake are sensitive to LST distribution suggests the need to monitor the mesoscale LST pattern for accurate weather and climate prediction over LVB. It is also found that although the LST distribution exerts significant impact on the observed rainfall pattern, the area and location of the rainband are quite persistent under different LST forcing. This suggests that although the details of the rainfall pattern over LVB are strongly influenced by LST, the broad rainfall pattern is likely controlled by the atmospheric circulation and orography in the region.
Discours commémoratif Muriel Driver 2014
Authors: Dubouloz Claire-Jehanne 
Published: November 2014

Description. L’apprentissage transformateur nécessite une réflexion critique qui agit comme un moteur pour transformer les valeurs, les croyances, les connaissances et les sentiments et pour découvrir le nouveau sens de la vie quotidienne à la suite d’une lésion majeure ou d’une maladie importante. Dans différentes disciplines, la transformation a été conceptualisée comme une expérience transcendante, un processus de renaissance, un processus de recherche de sens et, en ergothérapie, comme un processus lié aux perspectives de sens. But. Ce discours commémoratif Muriel Driver explore le concept de la transformation et présente le nouveau modèle du Processus de transformation des perspectives de sens construit à partir de recherches menées auprès de différents groupes de clients en réadaptation. Question clés. Le modèle est caractérisé par trois phases : la phase du déclenchement, la phase du changement et la phase des résultats. La réflexion critique d’un client agit comme un catalyseur lui permettant de se déplacer entre les phases et elle est décrite dans ce modèle comme un moment d’ouverture au changement, conduisant à de nouvelles possibilités dans l’agir. Conséquences. Le modèle du Processus de transformation des perspectives de sens procure aux ergothérapeutes un outil pour être un ergothérapeute efficace, tout en les incitant à être davantage à l’écoute pour cerner l’affaiblissement et l’émergence des perspectives de sens chez leurs clients et favoriser ainsi leur évolution et leur transformation occupationnelles.
Can we forget the Mini-Mental State Examination? A systematic review of the validity of cognitive screening instruments within one month after stroke
Authors: Van Heugten Caroline M , Walton L , Hentschel U 
Published: November 2014

Objective: To review systematically studies investigating the convergent, criterion, and predictive validity of multi-domain cognitive screening instruments in the first four weeks after stroke. Data sources: Electronic databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase) were searched until June 2014. Review methods: Studies concerning screening for cognitive dysfunction in stroke patients using multi-domain instruments, within four weeks postinfarct or haemorrhagic stroke, using tests taking no longer than one hour. Convergent, criterion, and predictive validity were examined. Results: A total of 51 studies investigating 16 cognitive screening instruments were identified. None of the instruments covered all of the most affected cognitive domains. Only one study investigated the convergent validity of a multi-domain test during the (sub)acute phase after stroke. A total of 15 studies examined the criterion validity of cognitive measurements during the acute phase after stroke. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Higher Cortical Function Deficit Test had good criterion validity. A total of 24 studies examined the predictive ability of multi-domain cognitive instruments applied in the acute phase after stroke. The Cognistat, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Functional Independence Measure-cognitive showed good predictive validity. The Mini-Mental State Examination is the most widely used cognitive screening instrument, but shows insufficient criterion validity. Conclusion: None of the existing instruments fulfils all criteria. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment is the best candidate at present, provided items measuring speed of information processing are added, and further studies investigating the optimal cut-offs are conducted.
A multicentre study of intentional behavioural responses measured using the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised in patients with minimally conscious state
Authors: Estraneo Anna , Moretta Pasquale , Cardinale Viviana , De Tanti Antonio , Gatta Giordano , Giacino Joseph T , Trojano Luigi 
Published: November 2014

Objective: To investigate which conscious behaviour is most frequently detected using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised in patients with minimally conscious state. Design: Multicentre, cross-sectional study. Setting: One intensive care unit, 8 post-acute rehabilitation centres and 2 long-term facilities. Subjects: Fifty-two patients with established diagnosis of minimally conscious state of different aetiology. Main measures: All patients were assessed by the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. Results: In most patients (34/52) non-reflexive responses were identified by two or more subscales of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, whereas in 14 patients only the visual subscale could identify cortically-mediated behaviours, and in the remaining 4 patients only the motor subscale did so. The clinical signs of intentional behaviour were most often detected by the visual subscale (43/52 patients) and by the motor subscale (31/52), and least frequently by the oromotor/verbal subscale (3/52) of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. This clinical pattern was observed independently from time post-onset and aetiology. Conclusions: Non-reflexive visual behaviour, identified by the visual subscale of Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, is the most frequently detected intentional sign consistent with the diagnosis of minimally conscious state, independently from aetiology and time post-onset.
Cortical vs. afferent stimulation as an adjunct to functional task practice training: a randomized, comparative pilot study in people with cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Gomes-Osman Joyce , Field-Fote Edelle C 
Published: November 2014

Objective: To assess single-session effects of three different types of stimuli known to increase cortical excitability when combined with functional task practice. Design: Randomized cross-over trial. Participants: A total of 24 participants with chronic cervical spinal cord injury. Interventions: One 30-minute session of each, applied concurrently with functional task practice: transcranial direct current stimulation, vibration, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Measurements: Nine-hole Peg Test, pinch force, visuomotor tracking, and cortical excitability were collected at pretest, posttest and late posttest (30 minutes after). Early effects (posttest minus pretest) and short-term persistence (late posttest minus pretest) were assessed using a general linear mixed model. Magnitude of effect size was assessed using the Cohen’s d. Results: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was associated with moderate, significant early effects and short-term persistence on Nine-hole Peg Test performance (1.8 ±1.8, p = 0.003, d = 0.59; 2.0 ±2.5, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.65, respectively). Transcranial direct current stimulation (1.8 ±2.5, p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.52) was also associated with significant short-term persistence of moderate size on Nine-hole Peg Test performance (1.8 ±2.5, p = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.52) and visuomotor tracking performance ( p = 0.05, d = 0.51). Early effects on corticomotor excitability were significant for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ( p = 0.003), approached significance for transcranial direct current stimulation ( p = 0.07), and only vibration was associated with significant short-term persistence ( p = 0.006). Conclusions: Meaningful improvements in aspects of hand-related function that persisted at least 30 minutes after intervention were observed with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, when combined with functional task practice.