bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnesium sulphate on sugammadex reversal time for neuromuscular blockade: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Germano Filho P. A. , Cavalcanti I. L. , Barrucand L. , Verçosa N. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMagnesium potentiates neuromuscular blockade. Sugammadex reverses rocuronium‐induced blockade. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre‐treatment with magnesium sulphate on sugammadex reversal time for neuromuscular blockade. Seventy‐three patients were randomly assigned to receive magnesium sulphate (40 mg.kg−1) or saline intravenously. After anaesthetic induction, continuous train‐of‐four monitoring was performed and rocuronium was administered (0.6 mg.kg−1). When a second twitch appeared, the patients received sugammadex (2 mg.kg−1). The median (IQR [range]) reversal time of moderate neuromuscular blockade to a train‐of‐four ratio of 0.9 facilitated by sugammadex was 115 (93−177.5 [68−315]) s in the magnesium group and 120 (105−140 [70−298]) s in the saline group (p = 0.79). The median (IQR [range]) clinical duration was 45 (35.5−53 [22−102]) min in the magnesium group and 37 (31−43 [19−73]) min in the saline group (p = 0.031). Pre‐treatment with magnesium did not significantly affect sugammadex reversal time of moderate neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium.
A cross‐sectional study of bleeding phenotype in haemophilia A carriers
Authors: Paroskie Allison , Gailani Dave , DeBaun Michael R. , Sidonio Robert F. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryHaemophilia A carriers have historically been thought to exhibit normal haemostasis. However, recent data demonstrates that, despite normal factor VIII (FVIII), haemophilia A carriers demonstrate an increased bleeding tendency. We tested the hypothesis that obligate haemophilia carriers exhibit an increase in clinically relevant bleeding. A cross‐sectional study was performed comparing haemophilia A carriers to normal women. Questionnaire assessment included a general bleeding questionnaire, condensed MCMDM‐1VWD bleeding assessment tool and Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Chart (PBAC). Laboratory assessment included complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen activity, FVIII activity (FVIII:C), von Willebrand factor antigen level, ristocetin cofactor, platelet function analyser‐100TM and ABO blood type. Forty‐four haemophilia A carriers and 43 controls were included. Demographic features were similar. Laboratory results demonstrated a statistically significant difference only in FVIII:C (82·5 vs. 134%, P < 0·001). Carriers reported a higher number of bleeding events, and both condensed MCMDM‐1 VWD bleeding scores (5 vs. 1, P < 0·001) and PBAC scores (423 vs. 182·5, P = 0·018) were significantly higher in carriers. Haemophilia A carriers exhibit increased bleeding symptoms when compared to normal women. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the bleeding phenotype in this population and optimize clinical management.
Gender differences in symptoms of hypothyroidism: a population‐based DanThyr study
Authors: Carlé Allan , Bülow Pedersen Inge , Knudsen Nils , Perrild Hans , Ovesen Lars , Laurberg Peter 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjectivesWe examined the gender‐specific symptom prevalences in hypothyroidism and in healthy controls and explored the extent to which symptoms indicative of thyroid status may be different in women and men.Design and MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with overt autoimmune hypothyroidism (n = 140) and controls free of thyroid disease (n = 560) recruited from the same population participated in a population‐based study of The Danish Investigation of Iodine Intake and Thyroid Diseases (DanThyr). Participants underwent a comprehensive programme including blood tests and completion of questionnaires. The gender‐specific distribution of 13 hypothyroidism‐associated symptoms and a simple combined score (0–13) was explored in conditional uni‐ and multivariate models taking into account a broad spectrum of possible confounders. Diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) were calculated as measures for the association between participant status (case vs control) and presence of symptoms (yes vs no).ResultsIn overt autoimmune hypothyroidism, 94·9% of women and 91·3% of men (P = 0·62) reported at least one of the hypothyroidism‐associated symptoms, with tiredness as the most common symptom followed by dry skin and shortness of breath. In contrast, women free of thyroid disease self‐reported at least one hypothyroidism‐associated symptom considerably more often than men (73·7% vs 51·1%, P < 0·001). DORs (±SEM) for 0–1/2–3/4–13 symptoms were 0·07 (0·04–0·10)/2·15 (1·57–2·94)/7·99 (6·15–10·4) in men and 0·21 (0·16–0·28)/0·62 (0·58–0·66)/1·99 (1·90–2·09) in women.ConclusionThe presence of symptoms is more indicative for overt autoimmune hypothyroidism in men than in women, and presumably persistent symptoms after therapy of hypothyroidism will be more common in women.
Maxillary Three‐Implant Overdentures Opposing Mandibular Two‐Implant Overdentures: 10‐Year Surgical Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ma Sunyoung , Tawse‐Smith Andrew , De Silva Rohana K. , Atieh Momen A. , Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M. , Payne Alan G. T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe surgical placement of four maxillary implants for overdentures may not be obligatory when opposing mandibular two‐implant overdentures.PurposeTo determine 10‐year surgical outcomes and implant success of three narrow diameter implants in edentulous maxillae with conventional loading.Materials and MethodsForty participants with mandibular two‐implant overdentures were randomly allocated for surgery for maxillary overdentures. Using osteotomes, three implants of similar systems were placed with a one‐stage procedure and 12‐week loading with splinted and unsplinted prosthodontic designs. Marginal bone and stability measurements were done at surgery, 12 weeks, 1‐, 2‐, 5‐, 7‐, 10 years.ResultsOne hundred seventeen implants were placed in 39 participants, with 35 being seen at 1 year; 29 at 2 years; 28 at 5 years; 26 at 7 years; and 23 (59%) at 10 years. Marginal bone loss was 1.35 mm between surgery and 12 weeks; 0.36 mm between 12 weeks and 1 year; 0.48 mm between 1 and 5 years; and 0.22 mm between 5 and 10 years. Implant stability quotients were 56.05, 57.54, 60.88, 58.80, 61.17 at surgery, 12 weeks, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years. Four‐field tables by implant showed success rates of 82% at 1 year; 69.2% at 2 years; 66.7% at 5 years; 61.5% at 7 years; 51.3% at 10 years. Data showed no differences between surgical technique, systems, or prosthodontic designs.ConclusionsSurgical placement with osteotomes of three narrow diameter implants for maxillary overdentures, opposing mandibular two‐implant overdentures, is an acceptable approach, subject to strict patient selection. Implant success is independent of prosthodontic design.
Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data
Authors: Gregorin Renato , Cirranello Andrea 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMolossidae is a large (roughly 100 species) pantropically distributed clade of swift aerially insectivorous bats for which the phylogeny remains relatively unknown and little studied compared with other speciose groups of bats. We investigated phylogenetic relationships among 62 species, representing all extant molossid genera and most of the subgenera, using 102 morphological characters from the skull, dentition, postcrania, external morphology, tongue, and penis, based on direct observation and literature reports. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses were used in phylogenetic reconstruction. Our analysis supports two main clades of molossids, both of which mingle Old World and New World taxa. One clade is comprised of Mormopterus,Platymops, Sauromys, Neoplatymops, Molossops, Cynomops, Cheiromeles, Molossus, and Promops. The other clade includes Tadarida, Otomops, Nyctinomops, Eumops, Chaerephon, and Mops. The position of Myopterus with respect to these two groups is unclear. As in other recent analyses, we find that several genera do not appear to be monophyletic (e.g. Tadarida, Chaerephon, and Molossops sensu lato). We recommend that the subgenera of Molossops sensu lato and Austronomus be recognized at the generic level. We conclude that much more data are needed to investigate lower level problems (generic monophyly and relationships within genera) and to resolve the higher‐level branching pattern of the family.
Osseoinductive elements for promoting osseointegration around immediate implants: a pilot study in the foxhound dog
Authors: Salomó‐Coll O. , Maté‐Sánchez de Val J. E. , Ramírez‐Fernández M. P. , Satorres‐Nieto M. , Gargallo‐Albiol J. , Calvo‐Guirado J. L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical applications of melatonin over implant surfaces placed immediately after extraction by means of histological and histomorphometric analysis of peri‐implant tissues.Material and methodsSix American foxhound dogs were used in the study; mandibular premolar distal roots were extracted. Thirty‐six immediate conical implants were randomly assigned to the distal site on each site of the mandible in three groups: (Group CI) 12 titanium implants alone; (Group MI) 12 titanium implants supplemented with melatonin; and (Group DI) 12 titanium implants supplemented with vitamin D (DI). Prior to implanting test, implants (MI) were submerged in melatonin 5% solution, and implants from (DI) group were submerged in vitamin D 10% solution. No treatment was applied at control implants. After 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed. Block sections were obtained and processed for mineralized ground sectioning. Bone‐to‐implant contact (total BIC), new bone formation (NBF), inter‐thread bone (ITB) and histological linear measurements (HLM) were analyzed.ResultsAt 12 weeks, all implants were clinically stable and histologically osseointegrated. Total BIC values were 48.36 ± 7.45* for the MI group and 44.82 ± 10.98 for the CI group (P = 0.035) with statistically significant difference between groups. BIC% were 41.36 ± 3.93 for MI and 41.34 ± 9.26 for CI (P > 0.05). Inter‐thread bone formation values were MI 15.99 ± 2.43* and CI 14.79 ± 3.62 (P = 0.03), MI showing significantly better results. No statistically significant differences in peri‐implant new bone formation could be found between the two groups: MI 25.37 ± 2.32, CI 26.55 ± 7.75 (P > 0.05). Linear measurements showed that the MI group showed significantly less lingual crestal bone loss (CBL) (MI 0.52 ± 0.74*, CI 0.92 ± 1.98) (P = 0.045) and less lingual peri‐implant mucosa (PIM) (MI 3.13 ± 1.41*, CI 3.71 ± 1.81) (P = 0.042). No significant differences were observed in the buccal aspect.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this animal study, the topical application of melatonin improved bone formation around immediate implants and reduced lingual bone and lingual peri‐implant mucosa, after 12 weeks of osseointegration.
Gender differences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with manifestations on HRCT
Authors: Gu ShuYi , Deng XiaoJun , Li QingYun , Sun XianWen , Xu JinFu , Li HuiPing 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been shown to have significant gender differences in terms of susceptibility, severity and response to therapy. We hypothesized that this was due to differences in functional and pathologic changes in the airway, which can be revealed by high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in addition to pulmonary function test (PFT).MethodsA total of 84 patients with COPD were enrolled in the study. Within 1 week of enrollment, a history of each patient's current illness was obtained. PFT and chest HRCT scan were performed.ResultsThe patients were classified as phenotype A, E and M based on the chest HRCT presentations. No significant gender differences were found in COPD severity (χ2 = 4.993, P = 0.172). Male patients have more smoking history and smaller average age compared with female patients. Female patients showed a significantly higher FEV1/FVC, lower inspiratory capacity and milder residual volume/total lung capacity than that of male patients. Based on the HRCT results, more males were classified as phenotype M, whereas females tended to be phenotype A. Males had a greater grade of low attenuation areas and were more likely to show evidence of emphysema on a HRCT scan than females (χ2 = 15.373, P = 0.001), whereas females had less airway wall thickening than males, although this change had no statistical significance. (χ2 = 0.163, P = 0.922).ConclusionGender differences of COPD patients were seen in ages of onset, smoking history, and PFT and HRCT presentations. The use of HRCT imaging indicates that there are significant gender differences in the clinical manifestations of COPD.
Bronchial fibroepithelial polyp: a clinico‐radiologic, bronchoscopic, histopathological and in‐situ hybridisation study of 15 cases of a poorly recognised lesion
Authors: Casalini Eleonora , Cavazza Alberto , Andreani Alessandro , Marchioni Alessandro , Montanari Gloria , Cappiello Francesca Gaia , Mengoli Maria Cecilia , Corradini Paolo , Agostini Lorenzo , Serini Roberto , Rossi Giulio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsBronchial fibroepithelial polyp is an uncommon, poorly recognised lesion, lacking clear diagnostic criteria at histology, but possibly mimicking neoplastic growth on clinico‐radiologic and histopathological grounds. The aim of this study was to define the clinico‐pathological features, bronchoscopic appearance and treatment of bronchial fibroepithelial polyp.MethodsWe collected the largest series of bronchial fibroepithelial polyps (15 consecutive cases), including clinico‐pathological, bronchoscopic, radiologic and histological features.ResultsOverall, there were 13 males and 2 females, with a mean age of 68 years at diagnosis. Eight patients were asymptomatic, whereas four presented with haemoptysis, two with fever, cough and pneumonia‐like opacity, and one with dry recurrent cough. Mean size of the lesion was 6.5 mm (range, 2–20 mm) without any prevalence for segmental bronchi. Lesions larger than 10 mm were always symptomatic and visible at computed tomography scans. At bronchoscopy, the lesion appeared as a firm endobronchial nodule with hard consistency and glistening, whitish, smooth surface. A multilobulated and sepimentated surface was observed in the largest polyps. Whatever the size, histological features were quite similar in all cases, consisting in a polypoid lesion with a dense, collagenous, hypocellular stroma with some thin‐walled, ectatic vessels and a regular respiratory mucosa on surface. In‐situ hybridisation with human papillomavirus probe was negative in all the eight tested cases.ConclusionDespite the benign behaviour of bronchial fibroepithelial polyps, it is important to fix some robust diagnostic criteria in order to avoid misdiagnoses leading to unnecessary aggressive treatment. Differential diagnosis mainly includes inflammatory polyps, hamartomas and papillomas.
Adherence to a pedometer‐based physical activity intervention following kidney transplant and impact on metabolic parameters
Authors: Lorenz Elizabeth C. , Amer Hatem , Dean Patrick G. , Stegall Mark D. , Cosio Fernando G. , Cheville Andrea L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe majority of kidney transplant recipients die from cardiovascular events. Physical activity may be a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease following transplant. The goal of our study was to examine adherence to a physical activity intervention following kidney transplant and its impact on metabolic parameters. All patients who received a kidney transplant at our center between 12/2010 and 12/2011 received usual care (n = 162), while patients transplanted between 12/2011 and 1/2013 received a 90‐day pedometer‐based physical activity intervention (n = 145). Metabolic parameters were assessed at four and 12 months post‐transplant. Baseline demographics and clinical management were similar between cohorts. Adherence to the prescription was 36.5%. Patients in the physical activity cohort had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure four months post‐transplant compared to the usual care cohort (122 ± 18 vs. 126 ± 16 mmHg, p = 0.049 and 73 ± 10 vs. 77 ± 9, p = 0.004) and less impaired fasting glucose (20.7% vs. 30.9%, p = 0.04). Twelve‐month outcomes were not different between cohorts. Over one‐third of our cohort adhered to a pedometer‐based physical activity intervention following kidney transplant, and the intervention was associated with improved metabolic parameters. Further study of post‐transplant exercise interventions and methods to optimize long‐term adherence are needed.
The relationship between renal volume and histology in obese and nonobese kidney donors
Authors: Tatar Erhan , Sen Sait , Harman Mustafa , Kircelli Fatih , Gungor Ozkan , Sarsik Banu , Asci Gulay , Hoscoskun Cuneyt , Basci Ali , Toz Huseyin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundObesity and related kidney diseases have become a global epidemic problem. However, the underlying pathogenesis of obesity‐related renal diseases has not been clearly understood. In this study, we explored the link between renal volume (RV) determined by computed tomography (CT) and renal histology together with functional parameters in an obese population.Materials and methodsEighty‐two kidney donors who underwent CT for the measurement of kidney volume and zero‐hour renal biopsy for renal histology were included in this cross‐sectional study. Protein creatinine clearance and eGFR were evaluated in 24‐h urine specimens as indicators of renal function.ResultsMean body mass index (BMI) was 28 ± 4·2 kg/m2; 32·9% (n = 27) were obese. Mean RV was 196 ± 36 cm3. RV was positively correlated with BMI, body surface area and creatinine clearance and negatively with HDL‐cholesterol in the whole population. Renal function parameters of obese subjects were better, and their renal volumes were higher compared with the nonobese subjects. In obese subjects, corrected RV was positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (r = 0·46, P = 0·01) and negatively with sclerotic glomeruli (r = −0·38, P = 0·04) and chronicity index (r = −0·43, P = 0·02). In adjusted ordinal logistic regression analysis, corrected RV was significantly associated with chronicity index (OR: 0·96; P = 0·01).ConclusionsIn obese cases, decreased RV determined by CT is associated with worse renal histology. In this population, kidney imaging techniques may provide important clues about renal survival.
Diagnosing desmitis of the origin of the suspensory ligament
Authors: Meehan L. , Labens R. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryDesmitis of the origin of the suspensory ligament is a common injury of sport horses; however, it remains a diagnostic challenge. The anatomy of the region can lead to difficulties localising the lameness. Diagnostic imaging may be complicated by overlying structures and the limitations of the imaging modalities readily available. A logical approach to clinical examination, diagnostic analgesia and multimodal imaging can help to overcome these difficulties.
The relative importance of climate, stand variables and liana abundance for carbon storage in tropical forests
Authors: Durán Sandra M. , Sánchez‐Azofeifa G. Arturo , Rios Rodrigo S. , Gianoli Ernesto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo develop an integrative framework to evaluate variation in aboveground carbon storage (AGC). A model that can be applied to understand and predict how global‐change drivers influence tropical carbon sinks.LocationOld‐growth tropical forests world‐wide.MethodsUsing structural equation modelling (SEM), we propose an a priori model to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of climate, stand variables (basal area, tree diameter and wood density at plot level) and liana abundance onAGC. Our model indicated that stand variables increasedAGCwhile liana abundance decreasedAGCindirectly via negative effects on stand variables. We used a multigroupSEMto test the generality of our framework using a standardized dataset of 145 plots (0.1 ha) in dry, moist and wet tropical forests.ResultsOur model explained over 85% variation inAGCand showed a positive and consistent relationship between stand variables andAGCacross forests types. The effects of climate onAGCwere indirect rather than direct, with negative effects of temperature in all forests. Liana abundance reduced tree diameter and basal area in moist forests, but did not affectAGCin wet or dry forests.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that climate affectsAGCindirectly, via its direct influence on stand variables and liana abundance. The effects of lianas onAGCresult from reductions in stand variables and are as important as climate for moist forests, which harbour the greatest tropical carbon pools. Our model was consistent across forest types. This highlights the usefulness of an integrative framework to improve predictions of the effects of drivers of global change on tropical carbon sinks.
Universal Breadwinner Versus Universal Caregiver Model: Fathers' Involvement in Caregiving and Well‐Being of Mothers of Offspring with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Chou Yueh‐Ching , Kröger Teppo , Pu Cheng‐yun 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThe universal breadwinner model means both parents are employed; while the universal caregiver model implies that the father's hours of caregiving are equal or higher to those of the mother. This study aims to examine the hypothesis that the universal caregiver model is more related to the overall well‐being of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities than the universal breadwinner model.MethodsFace‐to‐face interview surveys were conducted in 2011 inTaiwan with 876 working‐age mothers who had an offspring with intellectual disabilities. The survey included 574 mothers living with their husbands who became our participants.ResultsBothanovaand regression analyses indicated that, compared with mothers in the universal breadwinner group, mothers in the universal caregiver group had higher levels of maternal marital and family life satisfaction, but not of work satisfaction and quality of life.ConclusionsAn incentive policy is critical for supporting the fathers involved in lifelong caregiving and to promote the mothers' quality of life.
Inventing motivates and prepares student teachers for computer‐based learning
Authors: Glogger‐Frey I. , Kappich J. , Schwonke R. , Holzäpfel L. , Nückles M. , Renkl A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA brief, problem‐oriented phase such as an inventing activity is one potential instructional method for preparing learners not only cognitively but also motivationally for learning. Student teachers often need to overcome motivational barriers in order to use computer‐based learning opportunities. In a preliminary experiment, we found that student teachers who were given paper‐based course material spent more time on follow‐up coursework than teachers who were given a well‐developed computer‐based learning environment (CBLE), leading to higher learning outcomes. Thus, we tested inventing as an instructional method that may help overcome motivational barriers of teachers' use of computer‐supported tools or learning environments in our main experimental study (N = 44). As a computer‐based environment, we used the ‘Assessment of Learning strategies in Learning journals’. The inventing group produced ideas about criteria to evaluate learning strategies based on student cases prior to the learning phase. The control condition read a text containing possible answers to the inventing problem. The inventing activity enhanced motivation prior to the learning phase and assessment skills as assessed by transfer problems. Hence, the inventing activity prepared student teachers to learn from a CBLE in a motivational as well as cognitive way.