bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a health behaviour model for persons with and without an intellectual disability
Authors: Brehmer‐Rinderer B. , Zigrovic L. , Weber G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundBased on the idea of the Common Sense Model of Illness Representations by Leventhal as well as Lohaus's concepts of health and illness, a health behaviour model was designed to explain health behaviours applied by persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). The key proposal of this model is that the way someone understands the concepts of health, illness and disability influences the way they perceive themselves and what behavioural approaches to them they take.MethodTo test this model and explain health differences between the general population and person with ID, 230 people with ID and a comparative sample of 533 persons without ID were included in this Austrian study. Data were collected on general socio‐demographics, personal perceptions of illness and disability, perceptions of oneself and health‐related behaviours.ResultsPsychometric analysis of the instruments used showed that they were valid and reliable and hence can provide a valuable tool for studying health‐related issues in persons with and without ID. With respect to the testing of the suggested health model, two latent variables were defined in accordance to the theory. The general model fit was evaluated by calculating different absolute and descriptive fit indices. Most indices indicated an acceptable model fit for all samples.ConclusionsThis study presents the first attempt to explore the systematic differences in health behaviour between people with and without ID based on a suggested health model. Limitations of the study as well as implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Sexual behaviours on acute inpatient psychiatric units
Authors: Bowers L. , Ross J. , Cutting P. , Stewart D. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summary
We do not know very much about the sexual behaviours of adult psychiatric inpatients, or about the patients who engage in them and what other challenges they pose to the staff.
This was a large study of many patients in many different hospitals, based on information extracted from case records.
More than 1 in 10 patients engaged in some form of challenging sexual behaviour during the first 2 weeks of their admission.
There were no differences in the rates of sexual behaviours between mixed and singe gender wards, but men were more likely to touch another person sexually without their consent, or engage in masturbation in a public area.
AbstractThe purpose of the study was to assess the types and frequency of sexual behaviours displayed by patients during the first 2 weeks of admission to acute psychiatric units and what relationship these have to other challenging patient behaviours. The method used was a survey of sexual behaviours, conflict and containment events carried out by 522 patients during the first 2 weeks of admission in 84 wards in 31 hospitals in the South East of England. Incidents of sexual behaviour were common, with 13% of patients responsible for at least one incident. Although exposure was the most frequent of these behaviours, non‐consensual sexual touching, was instigated by 1 in 20 patients. There were no differences in the numbers of sexual events between single sex and mixed gender wards. Few associations were found with the demographic features of perpetrators, although all those engaging in public masturbation were male, and male patients were more likely to sexually touch another without their consent. Single sex wards do not seem to necessarily offer significant protection to potentially vulnerable victims. Perpetrators do not seem to be predictable in advance, nor was there any common set or pattern of disruptive behavioural events indicating that a sexual incident was about to occur.
Lichen Planus in Childhood: A Series of 316 Patients
Authors: Pandhi Deepika , Singal Archana , Bhattacharya Sambit N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLichen planus (LP) is infrequently seen in children and the clinical presentation is often atypical. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical features and treatment response in childhood LP to date. The clinical profile and treatment response data of patients younger than 14 years old with LP (entered in a predesigned pro forma study) from January 1997 to June 2011 were analyzed. The treatment was administered according to a predetermined departmental protocol and was comprised of topical steroids with or without oral dapsone or corticosteroids. Patients were evaluated for response, adverse effects, and relapse. The study population consisted of 316 children (166 boys, 150 girls), or 18.7% of the total registered patients in the LP clinic. The mean age was 10.28 years (range 2–14 years). Cutaneous lesions were seen in 96.2%. Involvement of the oral mucosa was detected in 18%, nails in 13.9%, scalp in 8.2%, and genitalia in 4.4%. Classic LP was most prevalent (53.8%), followed by eruptive (16.5%), hypertrophic (8.2%), linear (6.9%), and lichen planopilaris (6.3%). LP pigmentosus, annular, and atrophic variants were encountered infrequently. Topical corticosteroids were the most common treatment used in 69.5% of patients, 28.8% of whom had excellent response at 6 months, although 38.8% failed to follow up. Dapsone was prescribed in 20% and systemic steroids in 9.8% of patients. We report the largest series to date of LP in childhood, with a more varied clinical presentation than in previous series. The course and response to treatment were similar to those in adults.
Granite emplacement by crustal boudinage: example of the Calmayo and El Hongo plutons (Córdoba, Argentina)
Authors: D'Eramo Fernando , Tubía José M. , Pinotti Lucio , Vegas Néstor , Coniglio Jorge , Demartis Manuel , Aranguren Aitor , Basei Miguel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study deals with the structure and emplacement of the Calmayo and El Hongo trondhjemite plutons (Famatinian belt of Córdoba, Argentina). It provides structural data from the granites and the country rocks and a study of the magnetic fabric in the plutons. New U/Pb geochronological data yield intrusion ages of 512.1 ± 3.4 Ma and 500.6 ± 4.5 Ma for the Calmayo and El Hongo plutons respectively. The El Hongo massif and the southern part of the Calmayo trondhjemite preserve magmatic structures, whereas the northern domain of Calmayo shows the imprint of solid‐state deformation. The main foliation in the country rocks outlines a boudin‐like pattern at the map scale and the granites are located along boudin necks, suggesting that the emplacement of these trondhjemite plutons was linked to large‐scale boudinage of the country rocks.
Contractility and kinetics of human fetal and human adult skeletal muscle
Authors: Racca Alice W. , Beck Anita E. , Rao Vijay S. , Flint Galina V. , Lundy Scott D. , Born Donald E. , Bamshad Michael J. , Regnier Michael 
Published: April 2013

Key points
The contractile properties of human fetal skeletal muscle are unknown.
Reductionist approaches such as isolated myofibril and isolated contractile protein biomechanical assays allow study of activation and relaxation properties of skeletal muscle from different sources.
We have tested the contractile properties of human fetal skeletal myofibrils and myosin in comparison with myosin and myofibrils from human adult skeletal muscle and rabbit psoas muscle.
Human fetal skeletal myofibrils have much slower kinetics of activation and relaxation compared to myofibrils from adult human or rabbit psoas skeletal muscle.
Investigations using altered substrate and product conditions for both the in vitro motility assay and myofibril mechanics/kinetics indicate that fetal muscle acto‐myosin crossbridges cycle more slowly than, but with similar rate‐limiting steps to, the adult myosin isoforms.
Abstract  Little is known about the contraction and relaxation properties of fetal skeletal muscle, and measurements thus far have been made with non‐human mammalian muscle. Data on human fetal skeletal muscle contraction are lacking, and there are no published reports on the kinetics of either fetal or adult human skeletal muscle myofibrils. Understanding the contractile properties of human fetal muscle would be valuable in understanding muscle development and a variety of muscle diseases that are associated with mutations in fetal muscle sarcomere proteins. Therefore, we characterised the contractile properties of developing human fetal skeletal muscle and compared them to adult human skeletal muscle and rabbit psoas muscle. Electron micrographs showed human fetal muscle sarcomeres are not fully formed but myofibril formation is visible. Isolated myofibril mechanical measurements revealed much lower specific force, and slower rates of isometric force development, slow phase relaxation, and fast phase relaxation in human fetal when compared to human adult skeletal muscle. The duration of slow phase relaxation was also significantly longer compared to both adult groups, but was similarly affected by elevated ADP. F‐actin sliding on human fetal skeletal myosin coated surfaces in in vitro motility (IVM) assays was much slower compared with adult rabbit skeletal myosin, though the Km(app) (apparent (fitted) Michaelis–Menten constant) of F‐actin speed with ATP titration suggests a greater affinity of human fetal myosin for nucleotide binding. Replacing ATP with 2 deoxy‐ATP (dATP) increased F‐actin speed for both groups by a similar amount. Titrations of ADP into IVM assays produced a similar inhibitory affect for both groups, suggesting ADP binding may be similar, at least under low load. Together, our results suggest slower but similar mechanisms of myosin chemomechanical transduction for human fetal muscle that may also be limited by immature myofilament structure.
Characterization of pKP1433, a Novel KPC-2-Encoding Plasmid from Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 340
Authors: Papagiannitsis C. C. , Miriagou V. , Giakkoupi P. , Tzouvelekis L. S. , Vatopoulos A. C. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The nucleotide sequence of pKP1433 (55,417 bp), a
bla
KPC-2
-carrying plasmid from
Klebsiella pneumoniae
sequence type 340, was determined. pKP1433 displayed extensive sequence and structural similarities with the IncN plasmids possessing the KPC-2-encoding Tn
4401b
isoform. However, the replication, partitioning, and stability of pKP1433 were determined by sequences related to diverse non-IncN plasmids.
Is Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus a Problem in Spain?
Authors: Escribano Pilar , Peláez Teresa , Muñoz Patricia , Bouza Emilio , Guinea Jesús 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus fumigatus
complex comprises
A. fumigatus
and other morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species. We retrospectively studied 362
A. fumigatus
complex isolates (353 samples) from 150 patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis or aspergilloma (2, 121, and 6 samples, respectively) admitted to the hospital from 1999 to 2011. Isolates were identified using the β-tubulin gene, and only 1 isolate per species found in each sample was selected. Antifungal susceptibility to azoles was determined using the CLSI M38-A2 procedure. Isolates were considered resistant if they showed an MIC above the breakpoints for itraconazole, voriconazole, or posaconazole (>2, >2, or >0.5 μg/ml). Most of the samples yielded only 1 species (
A. fumigatus
[
n
= 335],
A. novofumigatus
[
n
= 4],
A. lentulus
[
n
= 3],
A. viridinutans
[
n
= 1], and
Neosartorya udagawae
[
n
= 1]). The remaining samples yielded a combination of 2 species. Most of the patients were infected by a single species (
A. fumigatus
[
n
= 143] or
A. lentulus
[
n
= 2]). The remaining 5 patients were coinfected with multiple
A. fumigatus
complex species, although
A. fumigatus
was always involved; 4 of the 5 patients were diagnosed in 2009 or later. Cryptic species were less susceptible than
A. fumigatus
. The frequency of resistance among
A. fumigatus
complex and
A. fumigatus
to itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole was 2.5 and 0.3%, 3.1 and 0.3%, and 4.2 and 1.8%, respectively, in the per-isolate analysis and 1.3 and 0.7%, 2.6 and 0.7%, and 6 and 4% in the per-patient analysis. Only 1 of the 6
A. fumigatus
isolates in which the
cyp51A
gene was sequenced had a mutation at position G448. The proportion of patients infected by azole-resistant
A. fumigatus
isolates was low.
Emergence of Colistin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae after the Introduction of Selective Digestive Tract Decontamination in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Halaby Teysir , al Naiemi Nashwan , Kluytmans Jan , van der Palen Job , Vandenbroucke-Grauls Christina M. J. E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) selectively eradicates aerobic Gram-negative bacteria (AGNB) by the enteral administration of oral nonabsorbable antimicrobial agents, i.e., colistin and tobramycin. We retrospectively investigated the impact of SDD, applied for 5 years as part of an infection control program for the control of an outbreak with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
in an intensive care unit (ICU), on resistance among AGNB. Colistin MICs were determined on stored ESBL-producing
K. pneumoniae
isolates using the Etest. The occurrence of both tobramycin resistance among pathogens intrinsically resistant to colistin (CIR) and bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing
K. pneumoniae
and CIR were investigated. Of the 134 retested ESBL-producing
K. pneumoniae
isolates, 28 were isolated before SDD was started, and all had MICs of <1.5 mg/liter. For the remaining 106 isolated after starting SDD, MICs ranged between 0.5 and 24 mg/liter. Tobramycin-resistant CIR isolates were found sporadically before the introduction of SDD, but their prevalence increased immediately afterward. Segmented regression analysis showed a highly significant relationship between SDD and resistance to tobramycin. Five patients were identified with bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing
K. pneumoniae
before SDD and 9 patients thereafter. No bacteremia caused by CIR was found before SDD, but its occurrence increased to 26 after the introduction of SDD. In conclusion, colistin resistance among ESBL-producing
K. pneumoniae
isolates emerged rapidly after SDD. In addition, both the occurrence and the proportion of tobramycin resistance among CIR increased under the use of SDD. SDD should not be applied in outbreak settings when resistant bacteria are prevalent.
Innate Recognition by Neutrophil Granulocytes Differs between Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Causing Local or Disseminating Infections
Authors: Roth Alexandra , Mattheis Corinna , Muenzner Petra , Unemo Magnus , Hauck Christof R. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family serve as cellular receptors for
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
. More specifically, neisserial colony opacity (Opa
CEA
) proteins bind to epithelial CEACAMs (CEACAM1, CEA, CEACAM6) to promote bacterial colonization of the mucosa. In contrast, recognition by CEACAM3, expressed by human granulocytes, results in uptake and destruction of Opa
CEA
-expressing bacteria. Therefore, CEACAM3-mediated uptake might limit the spread of gonococci. However, some strains can cause disseminating gonococcal infections (DGIs), and it is currently unknown how these strains escape detection by granulocyte CEACAM3. Therefore, the
opa
gene loci from
N. gonorrhoeae
strain VP1, which was derived from a patient with disseminated gonococcal disease, were cloned and constitutively expressed in
Escherichia coli
. Similar to Opa proteins of the nondisseminating strain MS11, the majority of Opa proteins from strain VP1 bound epithelial CEACAMs and promoted CEACAM-initiated responses by epithelial cells. In sharp contrast to the Opa proteins of strain MS11, the Opa proteins of strain VP1 failed to interact with the human granulocyte receptor CEACAM3. Accordingly, bacteria expressing VP1 Opa proteins were not taken up by primary human granulocytes and did not trigger a strong oxidative burst. Analysis of Opa variants from four additional clinical DGI isolates again demonstrated a lack of CEACAM3 binding. In summary, our results reveal that particular
N. gonorrhoeae
strains express an Opa protein repertoire allowing engagement of epithelial CEACAMs for successful mucosal colonization, while avoiding recognition and elimination via CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis. A failure of CEACAM3-mediated innate immune detection might be linked to the ability of gonococci to cause disseminated infections.
IgG and IgE Collaboratively Accelerate Expulsion of Strongyloides venezuelensis in a Primary Infection
Authors: Matsumoto Makoto , Sasaki Yuki , Yasuda Koubun , Takai Toshiyuki , Muramatsu Masamichi , Yoshimoto Tomohiro , Nakanishi Kenji 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe host deploys a subset of immune responses to expel helminths, which differs depending on the nature of the helminth.Strongyloides venezuelensis, a counterpart of the human pathogenS. stercoralis, naturally infects rodents and has been used as an experimental model. Here we show that induction of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE is a prerequisite for rapid expulsion ofS. venezuelensisduring a primary infection. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase-deficient (AID−/−) mice, which lack the ability to switch IgM to other isotypes, normally developed T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and intestinal mastocytosis after infection withS. venezuelensis. Although AID−/−mice expelledNippostrongylus brasiliensisnormally, they required a much longer period to expelS. venezuelensisthan wild-type (WT) mice. Adoptive transfers of immune sera fromS. venezuelensis-infected but notN. brasiliensis-infected mice restored the ability of AID−/−mice to promptly expelS. venezuelensis. Immune serum-derived IgG and IgE induced worm expulsion via Fc γ receptor III (FcγRIII) and Fc ε receptor I (FcεRI), respectively, and a mixture of IgG and IgE showed collaborative effects. Whereas FcγRIII−/−mice or FcεRIα−/−mice normally could expelS. venezuelensis, FcγRIII−/−mice, when their IgE was neutralized by anti-IgE, or FcεRIα−/−mice, when their IgG binding to FcγRIII was blocked by anti-FcγRIII, showed a markedly reduced ability to expelS. venezuelensis. These data reveal that IgG and IgE play redundant roles but act in concert to accelerateS. venezuelensisexpulsion. Mast cell-deficient mice, even those equipped with immune serum-derived IgG or IgE, failed to expelS. venezuelensispromptly, suggesting that mast cells are cellular targets of IgG and IgE.
Frequent Inactivation of Cysteine Dioxygenase Type 1 Contributes to Survival of Breast Cancer Cells and Resistance to Anthracyclines
Authors: Jeschke Jana , O'Hagan Heather M. , Zhang Wei , Vatapalli Rajita , Calmon Marilia Freitas , Danilova Ludmila , Nelkenbrecher Claudia , Van Neste Leander , Bijsmans Ingrid T.G.W. , Van Engeland Manon , Gabrielson Edward , Schuebel Kornel E. , Winterpacht Andreas , Baylin Stephen B. , Herman James G. , Ahuja Nita 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Genome-wide DNA methylation analyses have identified hundreds of candidate DNA-hypermethylated genes in cancer. Comprehensive functional analyses provide an understanding of the biologic significance of this vast amount of DNA methylation data that may allow the determination of key epigenetic events associated with tumorigenesis.
Experimental Design: To study mechanisms of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) inactivation and its functional significance in breast cancer in a comprehensive manner, we screened for DNA methylation and gene mutations in primary breast cancers and analyzed growth, survival, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in breast cancer cells with restored CDO1 function in the context of anthracycline treatment.
Results: DNA methylation-associated silencing of CDO1 in breast cancer is frequent (60%), cancer specific, and correlates with disease progression and outcome. CDO1 function can alternatively be silenced by repressive chromatin, and we describe protein-damaging missense mutations in 7% of tumors without DNA methylation. Restoration of CDO1 function in breast cancer cells increases levels of ROS and leads to reduced viability and growth, as well as sensitization to anthracycline treatment. Priming with 5-azacytidine of breast cancer cells with epigenetically silenced CDO1 resulted in restored expression and increased sensitivity to anthracyclines.
Conclusion: We report that silencing of CDO1 is a critical epigenetic event that contributes to the survival of oxidative-stressed breast cancer cells through increased detoxification of ROS and thus leads to the resistance to ROS-generating chemotherapeutics including anthracyclines. Our study shows the importance of CDO1 inactivation in breast cancer and its clinical potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target to overcome resistance to anthracyclines. Clin Cancer Res; 19(12); 3201–11. ©2013 AACR.
Increased thyroid autoimmunity among women with multiple sclerosis in the postpartum setting
Authors: Jalkanen A , Saraste M , Gfeller A , Surcel HM , Airas L 
Published: April 2013

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are predisposed to thyroid abnormalities, but the risk for pregnancy-related thyroid pathology among MS patients has not been evaluated. Objectives: The objectives of this research are to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity among MS patients in relation to pregnancy, and to investigate its impact on pregnancy outcome, postpartum depression and fatigue. Methods: Forty-six pregnant MS patients underwent repeat testing for serum thyroid antibodies (Abs), clinical evaluation and thyroid hormone measurement. Results were compared to 35 age-matched healthy mothers. Results: At six months postpartum 35.3% of MS patients presented elevated levels of thyroid Abs compared to 5.7% of controls, p = 0.01. Mean thyroid Ab concentrations among MS patients were significantly reduced during pregnancy and returned to maximal levels at six months postpartum. The proportion of individuals with postpartum thyroid dysfunction did not differ significantly between MS patients and healthy controls (3.4% vs 2.9%, p = 1.00). Elevated thyroid Ab levels did not increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome, fatigue or postpartum depression. Conclusions: Considering the tendency of MS mothers to develop thyroid autoimmunity postpartum and in association to treatments, we recommend screening MS patients for thyroid dysfunction (TSH) during early pregnancy and after delivery.
Cytotoxicity of quantum dots and graphene oxide to erythroid cells and macrophages
Authors: Qu Guangbo , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Zhe , Liu Sijin , Jiang Guibing 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Great concerns have been raised about the exposure and possible adverse influence of nanomaterials due to their wide applications in a variety of fields, such as biomedicine and daily lives. The blood circulation system and blood cells form an important barrier against invaders, including nanomaterials. However, studies of the biological effects of nanomaterials on blood cells have been limited and without clear conclusions thus far. In the current study, the biological influence of quantum dots (QDs) with various surface coating on erythroid cells and graphene oxide (GO) on macrophages was closely investigated. We found that QDs posed great damage to macrophages through intracellular accumulation of QDs coupled with reactive oxygen species generation, particularly for QDs coated with PEG-NH2. QD modified with polyethylene glycol-conjugated amine particles exerted robust inhibition on cell proliferation of J744A.1 macrophages, irrespective of apoptosis. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to have demonstrated that GO could provoke apoptosis of erythroid cells through oxidative stress in E14.5 fetal liver erythroid cells and in vivo administration of GO-diminished erythroid population in spleen, associated with disordered erythropoiesis in mice.