bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with cast complications in horses: 398 cases (1997–2006)
Authors: Janicek John C. , McClure Scott R. , Lescun Timothy B. , Witte Stefan , Schultz Loren , Whittal Carly R. , Whitfield-Cargile Canaan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the frequency of and risk factors for complications associated with casts in horses.
Design—Multicenter retrospective case series
Animals—398 horses with a half-limb or full-limb cast treated at 1 of 4 hospitals
Procedures—Data collected from medical records included age, breed, sex, injury, limb affected, time from injury to hospital admission, surgical procedure performed, type of cast (bandage cast [BC; fiberglass tape applied over a bandage] or traditional cast [TC; fiberglass tape applied over polyurethane resin-impregnated foam]), limb position in cast (flexed, neutral, or extended), and complications. Risk factors for cast complications were identified via multiple logistic regression.
Results—Cast complications were detected in 197 of 398 (49%) horses (18/53 [34%] horses with a BC and 179/345 [52%] horses with a TC). Of the 197 horses with complications, 152 (77%) had clinical signs of complications prior to cast removal; the most common clinical signs were increased lameness severity and visibly detectable soft tissue damage Cast sores were the most common complication (179/398 [45%] horses). Casts broke for 20 (5%) horses. Three (0.8%) horses developed a bone fracture attributable to casting Median time to detection of complications was 12 days and 8 days for horses with TCs and BCs, respectively. Complications developed in 71%, 48%, and 47% of horses with the casted limb in a flexed, neutral, and extended position, respectively. For horses with TCs, hospital, limb position in the cast, and sex were significant risk factors for development of cast complications.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that 49% of horses with a cast developed cast complications.
A Novel Test to Differentiate Anosmic Malingerers from Actually Anosmic Patients
Authors: Mehdizade Jalal , Saedi Babak , Fotouhi Reza , Safavi Amin 
Published: December 2012

Background The available olfactory evaluation tests are mainly subjective methods requiring patients’ collaboration. If, for any reason, the patients refuse to honestly report what they perceive, the test reliability will be questionable; this condition is potentially observable in malingering patients because of their financial or psychosocial incentives. In an olfactory discrimination test context, this study was aimed to design a test capable of distinguishing malingerer from actually anosmic or severely hyposmic patients. Methods The pilot experiment of our methodology study determined five substances (coffee, lemon, rosewater, thyme, and garlic) as qualified odors of a 20-item odor discrimination test and set its normal reference value at 15. Through two simulations, 70 normosmic participants emulated actual anosmia and also malingering. The outcome results were used to measure test reliability factors. Results During the malingering simulation, only seven participants were capable of keeping their scores at the test chance level with enough randomness in their sequences of answers while the actual anosmia simulation revealed that 39 had scores at the test chance level. Accordingly, the Tehran University Odor Discrimination Test (TUODT) was measured to have 90% sensitivity, 55.71% specificity, 67.02% positive predictive value, and 84.78%negative predictive value. Conclusion The TUODT is a relatively efficient method to identify anosmia malingerers.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiretroviral Drugs at Home Using Dried Blood Spots: A Proof-Of-Concept Study
Authors: Kromdijk Wiete , Mulder Jan W , Smit Patrick M , ter Heine Rob , Beijnen Jos H , Huitema Alwin DR 
Published: December 2012

Background In HIV-infected patients, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiretroviral drugs is recommended in special populations and in specific situations to optimize therapy. Currently, TDM is performed via measurement of drug plasma concentrations; however, dried blood spots (DBS) may offer a patient friendly and cost-effective alternative. Therefore, this proof-of-concept study assessed the feasibility of TDM of antiretroviral drugs using DBS with sampling at home. Methods Included patients were instructed to sample three DBS just before drug intake at three consecutive days at home and one DBS sample together with their routine venous sampling. All samples were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Feasibility was investigated with a questionnaire and via determination of the calculated plasma trough concentrations. Results In total, 50 patients (48 male, mean age 50 years [range 29–69]) have been included, of whom most were virologically and immunologically well-controlled. In total, 200 DBS were collected, of which 87.5% were suitable for analysis. The questionnaire showed that most patients (68%) successfully obtained their first DBS and 51% preferred DBS over plasma sampling. Plasma trough concentrations could adequately be determined from DBS. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study confirms the feasibility of TDM of antiretroviral drugs using DBS with sampling at home, thereby opening the possibility to obtain trough concentrations at home in populations where venous sampling is difficult.
Présentation
Authors: Normand Romuald 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Le dossier analyse la reconfiguration des rapports entre la sociologie de l’éducation et la commande politique française, européenne et internationale. Les liens historiques entre la sociologie et l’État se sont distendus dans les années 1960 et 1970. Celle-ci est apparue trop critique et elle est aujourd’hui interpellée jusque dans sa fonction d’expertise et marginalisée au profit de sciences jugées plus utiles à la compétitivité ou plus prometteuses : sciences cognitives et neurosciences, économie expérimentale, sciences de l’information et de la communication. Le succès des essais contrôlés randomisés, d’outils de totalisation puissants –méta-analyses, revues systématiques de la littérature de recherche–, l’essor de cabinets de consultants, Think Tanks, associations, réseaux professionnels ayant leurs propres domaines de connaissances et leurs propres instruments distancent le monde académique. Trois défis majeurs sont à relever pour la sociologie de l’éducation face à ces nouvelles sciences de gouvernement : s’extraire des nationalismes méthodologiques et s’intéresser aux opérations de traduction et d’hybridation qui président à l’élaboration des politiques dans un univers mondialisé ; renouveler la critique sociologique en étudiant la manière dont son apport est récupéré par le management ; reconstruire une méthode d’enquête décrivant simultanément la fabrication des nouvelles connaissances et leurs effets dans différentes situations et dispositifs au plus près des individus. Le métier de sociologue pourrait alors renouer avec une position d’extériorité, à distance des débats entre les différents discours de vérité, pour ouvrir de nouvelles possibilités d’émancipation en éducation.
Réflexions sur le rôle de la Direction de l'évaluation et de la prospective (DEP) en France
Authors: Émin Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Longtemps acteur au sein de la DEP, une direction du ministère de l’Éducation nationale français, l’auteur revient sur son expérience d’“évaluateur officiel”. Il envisage l’évolution des rapports entre le gouvernement, en charge de la politique nationale d’éducation, et les fonctionnaires “statisticiens et évaluateurs d’État” alors même que la demande d’évaluation de l’action éducative des responsables politiques et des acteurs du système éducatif était faible. Il revient sur la régulation de la politique éducative à travers les procédures d’évaluation et de recherche et s’interroge sur la pertinence et surtout la légitimité, souvent contestée, de dispositifs réalisés par une direction d’administration centrale insérée dans l’appareil d’État. Deux visions s’opposent. Celle d’une direction jouant un rôle majeur en organisant, au titre du pouvoir d’État, la commande d’une part des travaux en évaluation éducative les orientant plus vers l’expertise que la recherche. Celle d’une politique d’évaluation éducative résultant d’une concurrence entre évaluateurs aux méthodes variées où la DEP n’a pas de rôle décisif. Pour l’auteur, les deux thèses ne sont pas antinomiques, tout dépend de la période envisagée. La question politique de l’implantation externe ou interne au ministère divise toujours mais les impératifs sont constants pour une telle instance : programme de travail public et discuté, liberté de publication et de diffusion, accès au système d’information du ministère, être opérateur des enquêtes et évaluations internationales et avoir les moyens d’organiser synthèse et cumulativité des travaux sur l’éducation.
Ethnographies de la participation
Authors: Cefaï Daniel , Carrel Marion , Talpin Julien , Eliasoph Nina , Lichterman Paul 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Dans le contexte d’un renouveau de l’ethnographie du politique, le passage en revue d’enquêtes ethnographiques sur des terrains ayant trait à la participation permet de baliser un domaine de recherches en développement. L’enjeu de ce numéro n’est pas seulement méthodologique. Les ethnographies de la participation interrogent les frontières mêmes de leur objet. Elles invitent à explorer, au-delà des dispositifs identifiés comme participatifs, les sciences citoyennes, les pratiques électroniques, les conversations ordinaires ou les mobilisations collectives. Elles restituent des formats d’engagement dans des assemblées et des styles organisationnels d’associations. Elles accompagnent les moments d’émergence d’une participation non programmée et procèdent à la filature de réseaux et de processus dispersés dans l’espace et dans le temps. Elles documentent la question de l’acquisition de capacités politiques et éclairent le sens des refus de participer. Ce dossier rassemble six articles ayant fait le pari d’une ethnographie de la participation dans six pays différents : États-Unis, Grande-Bretagne, Belgique, Espagne, Argentine et France.
Délibérer au sein d'un mouvement social
Authors: Nez Héloïse 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Depuis le 15 mai 2011, lorsque des manifestants décident de camper à Puerta del Sol , les places publiques madrilènes vivent au rythme des assemblées populaires organisées par les Indignados . À partir d’une enquête ethnographique de neuf mois dans la capitale espagnole, qui repose sur l’observation d’une soixantaine d’assemblées, cet article montre comment les participants interagissent au sein de ces réunions et prennent des décisions en ayant recours au consensus. Il analyse la mise en œuvre de pratiques de délibération au sein d’un mouvement social et examine leur routinisation à mesure que la mobilisation s’institutionnalise.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) for Cognitive Impairment of Depression
Authors: Liebman Lauren S. , Nazarian Roya S. , Kellner Charles H. 
Published: December 2012

CME Educational Objectives1.Know when electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is indicated for patients presenting with depression.2.Recognize the presentation of pseudodementia.3.Know the impact of ECT on cognitive function in patients with dementia.Mr. B, a 76-year-old married, retired professional male, is brought into your office by his wife for evaluation of his behavioral change. He was recently diagnosed by his primary care physician as having dementia and was started on donepezil 5 mg/day.
Effect of Femtosecond Laser Fragmentation on Effective Phacoemulsification Time in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Conrad-Hengerer Ina , Hengerer Fritz H. , Schultz Tim , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: December 2012

PURPOSE:
To compare the effect of femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery on effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) with standard cataract surgery.

METHODS:
This prospective clinical trial evaluated the feasibility of using a femtosecond laser system (Catalys Precision Laser System, OptiMedica) to perform capsulotomy and lens fragmentation in the treatment of patients with senile cataract. Patients were evaluated preoperatively with the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Fifty-two patients underwent standard cataract surgery and 57 patients underwent femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery in December 2011. Both groups underwent phacoemulsification using pulsed ultrasound energy and EPT was evaluated.

RESULTS:
Preoperative LOCS III grades were 3.4±0.9 in the femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery group and 3.1±0.9 in the standard group. In the femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery group, mean laser treatment time was 54.9 seconds and EPT was 0.16±0.21 seconds compared to 4.07±3.14 seconds in the standard group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of the femtosecond laser–assisted system in cataract surgery led to a lower EPT compared to the standard procedure.
Leakage Detection Utilizing Active Acoustic Systems
Authors: Eriksen Peter Koldgaard 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper will describe the state of art in active acoustic detection ofoil and gas in the water volume as well as the seafloor. Examples of real datawill be described with the relevance to the leakage detection challenges wheresurveillance and early detection is crucial. Active acoustic data will bepresented from several trials from various parts of the world, examples hereofis California natural seeps, Brazil leakage detection, Norway plume mixingphenomenon's and more.
Applications: Leakage detection on subsea assets, Site surveys of leakages, Oil response capabilities, Oil recovery capabilities, Dispersant efficiencyespecially sub surface, Quantification of leak flux both gas and fluid.
Results, Observations, and Conclusions: Expedition results will be reviewedbased on several real life tests and deployments of active acoustic systems. Conclusion of expected performance of active acoustic systems will be drawn. Miniaturization and adaptation of power requirement as well as uplink demand, combined with sufficient processing to avoid false alarms will bediscussed.
Significance of Subject Matter: Early subsea leakage detection is absolutelykey to any arctic project, quantifiable flux rates is an important key input toall decision-making during operation of oil fields in all regions.

Introduction
Today oil companies/authorities use aircrafts, long-range radar and surfacevessels to detect oil leakages, it is seen that in many instances the leakagesoriginates kilometers under the surface. Those methods are expensive anddifficult to operate efficiently and rely on unsophisticated visual reports, which are not consistently accurate, and more importantly a leak detected atthe surface is far from its origin. Most leaks are not detected until a slickcomes to the surface and is visible to the human eye. This paper describes newacoustic technologies aimed to provide a compact, robust volumetricsurveillance system that can be permanently installed for example on criticalsubsea infrastructure or known high probability fault lines/natural seeps toprovide early detection of leakages.

Active acoustics, multibeam technologies
Modern active acoustic multibeam sonars have in the last 1.5 years achieveda major breakthrough in terms of performance, physical size, power consumption, uplink flexibility, processing and not least price. This now allows the tool tobe used in a much wider context during subsea hydro carbonate (Oil/gas)detection, quantification and visualization. As the new generation sonar is soflexible it will easily integrate to any subsea platform.
International Regulation of the Offshore Oil Business in the Arctic: The Case For and Against
Authors: Spicer Wylie 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The paper will describe the existing regulatory systems for the offshore inthe Arctic. Drawing from offshore disasters and the responses thereto bythe Coastal States around the world the paper will point to the arguments forand against international regulation of Arctic offshore areas. Organizations that might create such regulation are considered such as theArctic Council, the International Maritime Organization, The InternationalRegulators Forum, the oil company operators. Current debates concerninginternational regulation such as that of the EU (October 2011) proposal tocreate EU regulations for the offshore and the opposition by the Great Britainwill be reviewed, as will be the Helix Mutual Aid solution in the Gulf ofMexico, the new Canadian filing requirements for Arctic Oil and Gas (December2012) and others.

Introduction
The Titanic sank in the icy waters off the eastern coast of Canada in1912. It was only two years later that first steps were taken to put inplace an International Convention focusing on safety of life at sea(SOLAS). This Convention specifies standards for construction, equipment, and operation of ships. It includes a number of articles covering suchmatters as lifesaving appliances, radio communications, safety navigation, carriage of cargoes, carriage of dangerous goods, management for the safeoperation of ships and measures to enhance maritime safety.
The 1978 sinking of the Amoco Cadiz resulted in the 1982 ParisMemorandum of Understanding on Port State Control (Paris MOU) as aninternational effort to better regulate flags of convenience, enabling ports todetain vessels found to not comply with international safety standards. The international community has responded to the threat of pollution with anumber of Conventions addressing the various issues arising from pollutioncaused by ships. In addition to Conventions addressing pollution itselfthere are other Conventions which focus on safety issues, which at least inpart are intended to manage the risks of being at sea.
New Model for Training of Environmental Safety Specialist
Authors: Khaustov A.P. , Redina M.M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The oil companies test a severe shortage in the qualified experts inindustrial and ecological safety (HSE-management), in particular in theconditions of emergency situations, what are the oil spills. The modernspecialist needs a serious additional training to bring his knowledge andskills to meet the requirements of the employer. Declared by the principle of" lifelong learning" - the constant improvement of educational level, inparticular - for sustainable development.
Currently, the Peoples' Friendship University established an educationalcomplex on HSE-management. Such programs are just gaining momentum andpresented at leading universities in industrial countries (Britain, Australia, USA, etc.). With its creation as a result of contacts with leading companies(TNK-BP, Lukoil, Gazprom, Tatneft, and others) was defined profile specialistand were formulated the requirements for professional skills ofspecialists.
The most effective way, allowing the student to " feel" the concept ofenvironmental safety - virtual immersion in a professional environment. Giventhis, the People's Friendship University - the first of the universities ofRussia - based virtual simulator technology started training, practicallyoriented to minimize the harm accidents.
Created a virtual simulator for environmental safety in the oil spillssimulates accidents on pipelines of various sizes for different environmentalconditions. It includes an estimated portion (the definition of poverty, economic and environmental impacts of oil spills), the latest technology forelimination of accident, library of manuals and handbooks.
The integrated approach allows for a short time to prepare qualifiedprofessionals to eliminate the accident consequences. The simulator - the firstRussian software of its kind. Further work on its development can be adapted toa wide range of conditions, including the Arctic.
Thus, the introduction of simulator training in the practice canprovide:tackle key problems technospheric safety (safety of natural systems andpopulations in the zone of influence of objects);preservation of natural resources areas (sustainable development);savings for employers additional training due to the ability to adaptquickly to a specialist professional reality.
Importance of Deep Permafrost Soil Characterization for Accurate Assessment of Thaw Subsidence Impacts on the Design and Integrity of Arctic Wells
Authors: Matthews C.M. , Zhang G. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Oil and gas producers have shown renewed interest in developing reservoirslocated both onshore and offshore within the Arctic regions of Alaska, Canadaand Russia. In many cases, the hydrocarbon reservoirs are known to be overlainby a massive permafrost interval that extends over depths of up to 700 m belowthe surface active layer. These conditions create unique design and operationalchallenges for production and injection wells from the perspective of ensuringthat well integrity will not be compromised by the inevitable thaw subsidenceof the permafrost soil layers.
The permafrost soil layers surrounding arctic wells will thaw gradually withtime due to wellbore heat loss. As the thaw zone advances radially outward fromeach well, the ice-to-water phase change within the pore space of thefrozen/partially frozen sediments will lead to changes in the permafrost soilproperties and to the loading conditions within the thaw column region. Thesechanges will result in soil deformations (including both vertical settlements(subsidence) and horizontal displacements) which can, in turn, inducesignificant well casing strains that need to be considered in selecting thewell design and layout. The magnitude of the soil deformations that occurthroughout the permafrost interval are highly dependent on the depositionhistory, insitu temperature and the physical and mechanical properties of theindividual soil layers. Therefore, in order to accurately predict the soildeformations and resultant localized casing strain levels, it is essential toobtain reliable data to properly characterize the lithology (soil types) withinthe permafrost interval, as well as the frozen state and the relevantmechanical and thermal properties (both frozen and thawed) of individual soillayers. This paper describes the various information and geotechnical test datathat has been used to establish the thaw and deformation response of differentpermafrost soils at a number of arctic locations for the purpose of evaluatingthe effects of thaw subsidence loading on wells. Overall, the paper serves tohighlight the importance of collecting the appropriate geotechnical data toallow thaw subsidence-induced ground deformations and associated casing loadingconditions to be properly considered at the well/project design stage.