bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of CYP17A1 activity by resveratrol, piceatannol, and synthetic resveratrol analogs
Authors: Oskarsson Agneta , Spatafora Carmela , Tringali Corrado , Andersson Åsa Ohlsson 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDResveratrol (RSV) and resveratrol analogs have a potential use in prostate cancer chemoprevention due to effects on for example, cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, inhibition of CYP17A1, a key enzyme in the androgen biosynthesis and a target for prostate cancer therapy, has not been explored as a possible mechanism behind the effects on prostate cancer.METHODSHuman adrenocortical carcinoma cells, H295R, were treated with RSV, piceatannol (PIC), 3,5,4′‐triacetylresveratrol (RSVTA), 3,5‐diacetylresveratrol (RSVDA), and 3,5,4′‐trimethylresveratrol (RSVTM) for 24 hr at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 µM. Steroid secretion, enzyme activities, and gene expression of key steps in steroidogenesis were investigated.RESULTSSecretion of dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone, and cortisol were drastically decreased by all test compounds at concentrations that did not affect cell viability. Progesterone and aldosterone secretion were increased. This steroid secretion pattern can be explained by the demonstrated inhibition of CYP17A1 enzyme activity. The most efficient CYP17A1 inhibitors were the synthetic analogs RSVTA, RSVDA, and RSVTM. Inhibition by RSVTM was more selective on the 17,20‐lyase activity than hydroxylase activity of CYP17A1. Treatment of cells with all compounds, except RSVTM, caused increased estradiol levels, which could be explained by the demonstrated inhibition of estrogen sulfate conjugation, catalyzed by SULT1E1.CONCLUSIONSOur results on CYP17A1 inhibition of RSV and RSV analogs suggest a novel mechanism for chemoprevention of prostate cancer by resveratrol and the analogs. Especially RSVTM, which has a preferential inhibition on the 17,20‐lyase activity of CYP17A1, may be a promising candidate for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Prostate 74:839–851, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Switched nonlinear singular systems with time‐delay: Stability analysis
Authors: Zamani Iman , Shafiee Masoud , Ibeas Asier 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis paper presents an approach to the stability analysis of a class of nonlinear interconnected continuous‐time singular systems with arbitrary switching signals. This class of interconnected subsystems consists of unknown but bounded state delay and nonlinear terms, and each subsystem can be globally stable, unstable, or locally stable. By constructing a new Lyapunov‐like Krasovskii functional, sufficient conditions are derived and formulated to check the asymptotic (exponential) stability of such systems with arbitrary switching signals. Then, some new general criteria for asymptotic (exponential) stability with average dwell‐time switching signals are also established. The theoretical developments are demonstrated by two numerical simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐step control approach for docking of autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Batista Pedro , Silvestre Carlos , Oliveira Paulo 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis paper presents a novel integrated guidance and control strategy for docking of autonomous underwater vehicles. The approach to the base, and hence the control design, is divided in two steps: (i) in the first, at higher speed, the vehicle dynamics is assumed to be underactuated, and an appropriate control law is derived to steer the vehicle towards the final docking path, achieving convergence to zero of the appropriate error variables for almost all initial conditions; (ii) in the second stage, at low speed, the vehicle is assumed to be fully actuated, and a robust control law is designed that achieves convergence to zero of the appropriate error variables for all initial conditions, in the presence of parametric model uncertainty. Simulations are presented illustrating the performance of the proposed controllers, including model uncertainty and sensor noise. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endodontic instruments after torsional failure: Nanoindentation test
Authors: Jamleh Ahmed , Sadr Alireza , Nomura Naoyuki , Ebihara Arata , Yahata Yoshio , Hanawa Takao , Tagami Junji , Suda Hideaki 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate effects of torsional loading on the mechanical properties of endodontic instruments using the nanoindentation technique. ProFile (PF; size 30, taper 04; Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) and stainless steel (SS; size 30, taper 02; Mani, Japan) instruments were subjected to torsional test. Nanoindentation was then performed adjacent to the edge of fracture (edge) and at the cutting part beside the shank (shank). Hardness and elastic modulus were measured under 100‐mN force on 100 locations at each region, and compared to those obtained from the same regions on new instruments. It showed that PF and SS instruments failed at 559 ± 67 and 596 ± 73 rotation degrees and mean maximum torque of 0.90 ± 0.07 and 0.99 ± 0.05 N‐cm, respectively. Hardness and elastic modulus ranged 4.8–6.7 and 118–339 GPa in SS, and 2.7–3.2 and 52–81 GPa in PF. Significant differences between torsion‐fractured and new instruments in hardness and elastic modulus were detected in the SS system used. While in PF system, the edge region after torsional fracture had significantly lower hardness and elastic modulus compared to new instruments. The local hardness and modulus of elasticity of endodontic instruments adjacent to the fracture edge are significantly reduced by torsional loading. SCANNING 36:437–443, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on acyl‐CoA oxidase deficiency: a sibling comparison study
Authors: Wang Raymond Y. , Monuki Edwin S. , Powers James , Schwartz Phillip H. , Watkins Paul A. , Shi Yang , Moser Ann , Shrier David A. , Waterham Hans R. , Nugent Diane J. , Abdenur Jose E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveAcyl‐CoA oxidase (ACOX1) deficiency is a rare disorder of peroxisomal very‐long chain fatty acid oxidation. No reports detailing attempted treatment, longitudinal imaging, or neuropathology exist. We describe the natural history of clinical symptoms and brain imaging in two siblings with ACOX1 deficiency, including the younger sibling's response to allogeneic unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsWe conducted retrospective chart review to obtain clinical history, neuro‐imaging, and neuropathology data. ACOX1 genotyping were performed to confirm the disease. In vitro fibroblast and neural stem cell fatty acid oxidation assays were also performed.ResultsBoth patients experienced a fatal neurodegenerative course, with late‐stage cerebellar and cerebral gray matter atrophy. Serial brain magnetic resonance imaging in the younger sibling indicated demyelination began in the medulla and progressed rostrally to include the white matter of the cerebellum, pons, midbrain, and eventually subcortical white matter. The successfully engrafted younger sibling had less brain inflammation, cortical atrophy, and neuronal loss on neuro‐imaging and neuropathology compared to the untreated older sister. Fibroblasts and stem cells demonstrated deficient very long chain fatty acid oxidation.InterpretationAlthough HSCT did not halt the course of ACOX1 deficiency, it reduced the extent of white matter inflammation in the brain. Demyelination continued because of ongoing neuronal loss, which may be due to inability of transplant to prevent progression of gray matter disease, adverse effects of chronic corticosteroid use to control graft‐versus‐host disease, or intervention occurring beyond a critical point for therapeutic efficacy.
Simulation of N2O emissions and nitrate leaching from plastic mulch radish cultivation with LandscapeDNDC
Authors: Kim Youngsun , Berger Sina , Kettering Janine , Tenhunen John , Haas Edwin , Kiese Ralf 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRadish is one of the major dry field crops in Asia commonly grown with plastic mulch and high rates of N fertilization, and potentially harming the environment due to N2O emissions and nitrate leaching. Despite the widespread use of plastic mulch, biogeochemical models so far do not yet consider impacts of mulch on soil environmental conditions and biogeochemistry. In this study, we adapted and successfully tested the LandscapeDNDC model against field data by simulating crop growth, C and N turnover and associated N2O emissions as well as nitrate leaching for radish cultivation with plastic mulch and in conjunction with different rates of N fertilization (465–765 kg N ha−1 year−1). Due to the sandy soil texture and monsoon climate, nitrate leaching with rates up to 350 kg N ha−1 year−1 was the dominant reason for overall low nitrogen use efficiency (32–43 %). Direct or indirect N2O emissions (calculated from simulated nitrate leaching rates and IPCC EFind = 0.0075) ranged between 2 and 3 kg N ha−1 year−1, thus contributing an equal amount to total field emissions of about 5 kg N ha−1 year−1. Based on our results, emission factors for direct N2O emissions ranged between 0.004 and 0.005. These values are only half of the IPCC default value (0.01), demonstrating the need of biogeochemical models for developing site and/or region specific EFs. Simulation results also revealed that changes in agricultural management by applying the fertilizer only to the rows would be an efficient mitigation strategy, effectively decreasing field nitrate leaching and N2O emissions by 50–60 %.
The non-equilibrium region of grid-generated decaying turbulence
Authors: Valente P. C. , Vassilicos J. C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe previously reported non-equilibrium dissipation law is investigated in turbulent flows generated by various regular and fractal square grids. The flows are documented in terms of various turbulent profiles which reveal their differences. In spite of significant inhomogeneity and anisotropy differences, the new non-equilibrium dissipation law is observed in all of these flows. Various transverse and longitudinal integral scales are measured and used to define the dissipation coefficient$C_{\varepsilon }$. It is found that the new non-equilibrium dissipation law is not an artefact of a particular choice of the integral scale and that the usual equilibrium dissipation law can actually coexist with the non-equilibrium law in different regions of the same flow.
Prediction of maize yield under future water availability scenarios using the AquaCrop model
Authors: ABEDINPOUR M. , SARANGI A. , RAJPUT T. B. S. , SINGH MAN 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe water driven crop growth model AquaCrop was evaluated for predicting the yield of kharif maize (i.e. maize sown in the monsoon season) under future water availability scenarios. Future climatic data were generated using the climate data generator ClimGen, which was parameterized using 37 years (1972–2008) of historical data relating to the study area. The climatic data generated were used first in the CROPWAT model to estimate the irrigation schedule, which was then used in the validated AquaCrop model to predict grain yield for future years. Rainfall estimates generated by ClimGen for 2012 (739 mm) and 2014 (625 mm) resulted in yields of 1600 and 5670 kg/ha, respectively, under rainfed situation during these 2 years with full fertilization levels. This variation may be attributed to the depths of rainfall events and their distribution during the entire growing season in general and sensitive growth stages in particular pertaining to the same sowing date (22 July) in both years. Nonetheless, the use of ClimGen, CROPWAT and AquaCrop models can be standardized as a model-linking protocol to estimate future maize yield and irrigation water requirements for sustainable production and as an adaptation measure to climate change.
Phylogenetics and systematics of Angiostrongylus lungworms and related taxa (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) inferred from the nuclear small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA sequences
Authors: Eamsobhana P. , Lim P.E. , Yong H.S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Angiostrongylus lungworms are of public health and veterinary concern in many countries. At the family level, the Angiostrongylus lungworms have been included in the family Angiostrongylidae or the family Metastrongylidae. The present study was undertaken to determine the usefulness and suitability of the nuclear 18S (small subunit, SSU) rDNA sequences for differentiating various taxa of the genus Angiostrongylus, as well as to determine the systematics and phylogenetic relationship of Angiostrongylus species and other metastrongyloid taxa. This study revealed six 18S (SSU) haplotypes in A. cantonensis, indicating considerable genetic diversity. The uncorrected pairwise ‘p’ distances among A. cantonensis ranged from 0 to 0.86%. The 18S (SSU) rDNA sequences unequivocally distinguished the five Angiostrongylus species, confirmed the close relationship of A. cantonensis and A. malaysiensis and that of A. costaricensis and A. dujardini, and were consistent with the family status of Angiostrongylidae and Metastrongylidae. In all cases, the congeneric metastrongyloid species clustered together. There was no supporting evidence to include the genus Skrjabingylus as a member of Metastrongylidae. The genera Aelurostrongylus and Didelphostrongylus were not recovered with Angiostrongylus, indicating polyphyly of the Angiostrongylidae. Of the currently recognized families of Metastrongyloidea, only Crenosomatidae appeared to be monophyletic. In view of the unsettled questions regarding the phylogenetic relationships of various taxa of the metastrongyloid worms, further analyses using more markers and more taxa are warranted.
On the Kleene degrees of Π11 sets
Authors: Slaman Theodore A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLet A and B be subsets of the reals. Say that AK≥ B, if there is a real a such that the relation “x ∈ B” is uniformly ⊿1 (a, A) in . This reducibility induces an equivalence relation ≡K on the sets of reals; the ≡K-equivalence class of a set is called its Kleene degree. Let be the structure that consists of the Kleene degrees and the induced partial order ≥. A substructure of that is of interest is , the Kleene degrees of the sets of reals. If sharps exist, then there is not much to , as Steel [9] has shown that the existence of sharps implies that has only two elements: the degree of the empty set and the degree of the complete set. Legrand [4] used the hypothesis that there is a real whose sharp does not exist to show that there are incomparable elements in ; in the context of V = L, Hrbáček has shown that is dense and has no minimal pairs. The Hrbáček results led Simpson [6] to make the following conjecture: if V = L, then forms a universal homogeneous upper semilattice with 0 and 1. Simpson's conjecture is shown to be false by showing that if V = L, then Gödel's maximal thin set is the infimum of two strictly larger elements of .The second main result deals with the notion of jump in . Let A′ be the complete Kleene enumerable set relative to A. Say that A is low-n if A(n) has the same degree as ⊘(n), and A is high-n if A(n) has the same degree as ⊘(n+1). Simpson and Weitkamp [7] have shown that there is a high (high-1) incomplete set in L. They have also shown that various other sets are neither high nor low in L. Legrand [5] extended their results by showing that, if there is a real x such that x# does not exist, then there is an element of that, for all n, is neither low-n nor high-n. In §2, ZFC is used to show that, for all n, if A is and low-n then A is Borel. The proof uses a strengthened version of Jensen's theorem on sequences of admissible ordinals that appears in [7, Simpson-Weitkamp].
An α-finite injury method of the unbounded type
Authors: Chong C. T. 
Published: March 2014

Let α be an admissible ordinal. In this paper we study the structure of the upper semilattice of α-recursively enumerable degrees. Various results about the structure which are of fundamental importance had been obtained during the past two years (Sacks-Simpson [7], Lerman [4], Shore [9]). In particular, the method of finite priority argument of Friedberg and Muchnik was successfully generalized in [7] to an α-finite priority argument to give a solution of Post's problem for all admissible ordinals. We refer the reader to [7] for background material, and we also follow closely the notations used there.Whereas [7] and [4] study priority arguments in which the number of injuries inflicted on a proper initial segment of requirements can be effectively bounded (Lemma 2.3 of [7]), we tackle here priority arguments in which no such bounds exist. To this end, we focus our attention on the fine structure of Lα, much in the fashion of Jensen [2], and show that we can still use a priority argument on an indexing set of requirements just short enough to give us the necessary bounds we seek.
An intuitiomstic completeness theorem for intuitionistic predicate logic
Authors: Veldman Wim 
Published: March 2014

The problem of treating the semantics of intuitionistic logic within the framework of intuitionistic mathematics was first attacked by E. W. Beth [1]. However, the completeness theorem he thought to have obtained, was not true, as was shown in detail in a report by V. H. Dyson and G. Kreisel [2]. Some vague remarks of Beth's, for instance in his book, The foundations of mathematics, show that he sustained the hope of restoring his proof. But arguments by K. Gödel and G. Kreisel gave people the feeling that an intuitionistic completeness theorem would be impossible [3]. (A (strong) completeness theorem would implyfor any primitive recursive predicate A of natural numbers, and one has no reason to believe this for the usual intuitionistic interpretation.) Nevertheless, the following contains a correct intuitionistic completeness theorem for intuitionistic predicate logic. So the old arguments by Godel and Kreisel should not work for the proposed semantical construction of intuitionistic logic. They do not, indeed. The reason is, loosely speaking, that negation is treated positively.Although Beth's semantical construction for intuitionistic logic was not satisfying from an intuitionistic point of view, it proved to be useful for the development of classical semantics for intuitionistic logic. A related and essentially equivalent classical semantics for intuitionistic logic was found by S. Kripke [4].
Connectivity and bottlenecks in a migratory wildebeestConnochaetes taurinuspopulation
Authors: Morrison Thomas A. , Bolger Douglas T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSurprisingly little is known about the spatial dimensions of most tropical ungulate migrations, including that of wildebeestConnochaetes taurinus, a species famous for long-distance movements. Using non-invasive photographic identification of 834 adult wildebeest from 8,530 images collected over 4 years we characterize patterns of migratory connectivity throughout the northern Tarangire–Manyara Ecosystem, Tanzania. We document movements between Tarangire and Lake Manyara National Parks and northwards to the shore of Lake Natron, a straight-line distance of > 130 km. Fifty-six percent of observed movements occur outside the ecosystem's three main protected areas. We supplement photographic data with fine-scale movement data from two individuals with global positioning system collars, and identify three narrow bottlenecks, each vulnerable to human development. We discuss the possible consequences for the wildebeest population if these bottlenecks become impeded. Persistence of this migration alongside a growing human population and proposed road improvement will require additional measures to ensure that pathways remain open to wildlife movement and protected from illegal hunting.
Local awareness of and attitudes towards the pygmy hippopotamusChoeropsis liberiensisin the Moa River Island Complex, Sierra Leone
Authors: Conway April L. , Hernandez Sonia M. , Carroll John P. , Green Gary T. , Larson Lincoln 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe pygmy hippopotamusChoeropsis liberiensisis an Endangered species found only in the Upper Guinea rainforests of West Africa. Using a two-phase approach, with initial semi-structured interviews followed by more extensive questionnaires, we examined local residents' awareness of and attitudes towards the pygmy hippopotamus along the Moa River near Tiwai Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Sierra Leone. The interviews and questionnaires addressed human–hippopotamus interactions, local knowledge and awareness of pygmy hippopotamus ecology and behaviour, and public attitudes towards hippopotamus conservation. Overall, 22% of questionnaire respondents acknowledged benefits related to hippopotamus conservation; factors affecting the perception of benefits included age, livestock ownership, distance from Tiwai Island and exposure to conservation programmes. The results of this study could be used to inform the conservation of the pygmy hippopotamus and highlight the critical role of local support in the management of threatened species in biodiversity hotspots.
Grammatical planning scope in sentence production: Further evidence for the functional phrase hypothesis
Authors: ZHAO LI-MING , ALARIO F.-XAVIER , YANG YU-FANG 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWhile there is a consensus that speakers plan their utterances before they start producing them, the scope of the initial planning unit remains controversial. In subject-initial utterances, is the planning unit the whole subject phrase or a smaller “functional phrase” within the subject phrase? Allum and Wheeldon (2007) reported that speakers show faster onset latencies in producing utterances like The flower above the house is red, where the subject consists of two functional phrases (the flower and above the house) than in producing The flower and the house are red, where there is a single, longer functional phrase (The flower and the house), both in head-initial languages like English and head-final languages like Japanese. This has been taken to suggest that the functional phrase is a preferred unit of planning, rather than the whole subject. Experiment 1 in the present study replicates Allum and Wheeldon's study with speakers of another head-final language (Mandarin Chinese) and finds similar results. Experiments 2 and 3 investigate whether syntactic processing or visual grouping could potentially explain the pattern of responses, and find that they cannot. Together, these results provide further empirical support for the claim that the functional phrase is a primary unit of grammatical planning for speech production.
X-ray powder diffraction data for [C6Trop]+[PF6]−, C14H27NOPF6
Authors: He Zhi Jian , Qian Guo Fei , Zhang Li Li , Li Hui , Yao Shun 
Published: March 2014

Experimental X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for [C6Trop]+[PF6]−, C14H27NOPF6, are reported [a = 16.1879(6) Å, b = 11.4271(2) Å, c = 10.3966(5) Å, α = 66.4949(3)°, β = 94.5589(0)°, γ = 93.3092(4)°, unit-cell volume V = 1923.17 Å3, Z = 1, and space group P1]. No detectable impurities were observed.