bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovations in oral hygiene tools: a mini review on recent developments
Authors: Palanisamy Sucharitha 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThis review examines advancements in oral hygiene aids and their impact on gingival and periodontal health. As periodontal diseases are widespread, effective hygiene is vital. Enhancements in traditional tools and innovations have improved oral hygiene status. Clinical evidence confirms these innovations improve gingival and periodontal health, though proper use and patient adherence are crucial.MethodologyA comprehensive literature search was conducted using MeSH terms like “Gingivitis/prevention &amp; control*”, “Dental Plaque/prevention &amp; control*”, “Dentifrices”, “Electrical Equipment and Supplies*”, “Toothbrushing”, “Equipment Design”, “Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use”, “Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use”, “Dental Devices, Home Care”, “Dentifrices*/therapeutic use”, “Vibration”, “Gingivitis*/drug therapy”, “Gingivitis*/prevention &amp; control”, “Gingival Hemorrhage/prevention &amp; control”, “Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology”, “Chlorhexidine/pharmacology”, “Mouthwashes/pharmacology”, “Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology”, “Mouthwashes/therapeutic use”, “Anti-Infective Agents, Local*/therapeutic use”, “Mouthwashes/chemistry*”, “Plant Extracts/therapeutic use*”, “Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/therapeutic use*”, “Treatment Outcome”, “Oral Hygiene/methods”, “Toothpastes/therapeutic use*”, “Hyaluronic Acid/therapeutic use”, “Chronic Periodontitis*/therapy”, “Periodontal Attachment Loss/therapy”, “Probiotics*/therapeutic use”, “Oral Hygiene*”, “Periodontal Index” and so on. This search utilized PubMed and Google Scholar, restricted to English-language publications from 2018 to 2024. The screening process involved reviewing titles, abstracts, and keywords, focusing on randomized clinical trials only. Inclusion criteria focused on novel innovations in conventional oral hygiene methodologies. A total of 86 randomized clinical trial articles met the inclusion criteria.ResultsRecent innovations in traditional oral hygiene tools have markedly enhanced oral hygiene levels and patient compliance. These newer innovations demonstrate substantial efficacy in plaque control and gingival health. Clinical outcomes underscore their pivotal role in improving oral hygiene standards, promoting reduced gingivitis and enhanced patient adherence to oral care regimens.ConclusionAdvanced oral hygiene aids significantly improve gingival and periodontal health. However, patient adherence and correct usage are crucial for their optimal performance. Incorporating advanced oral hygiene aids into daily practices is essential for achieving optimal periodontal health, and continuous education is necessary to ensure their effective use.
Efficacy and safety of a novel TKI (anlotinib) for the treatment of advanced digestive system neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Changhui , Wang Weihua , Mu Ying , Meng Min 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib targeted therapy for the treatment of patients with advanced digestive system neoplasms (DSNs).MethodsClinical trials were extracted from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang database up to October 2023. Outcome measures, including therapeutic efficacy, quality of life (QOL) and adverse events, were extracted and evaluated.ResultsTwenty trials, including 1,613 advanced DSNs patients, were included. The results indicated that, compared with conventional treatment alone, the combination of anlotinib targeted therapy with conventional treatment significantly improved the patients’ 6-months overall survival (OS, OR=1.76, CI=1.53 to 2.02, P&lt;0.00001), overall response (ORR, OR=1.76, CI=1.53 to 2.02, P&lt;0.00001) and disease control rate (DCR, OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.25 to 1.84, P&lt;0.0001). Moreover, the group that received the combined therapy had higher rates of hypertension (P&lt;0.00001), proteinuria (P&lt;0.00001), fatigue (P&lt;0.00001), diarrhea (P&lt;0.00001), hypertriglyceridemia (P=0.02), alanine aminotransfease (ALT)increased (P=0.004), aspartate transaminase (AST) increased (P=0.006), anorexia (P&lt;0.00001), weight loss (P=0.002), abdominal pain (P=0.0006), hypothyroidism (P=0.02), prolonged QT interval (P=0.04). Analyses of other adverse events, such as gastrointestinal reaction, leukopenia, and neutropenia, did not reveal significant differences (P&gt;0.05).ConclusionThe combination of anlotinib targeted therapy and conventional treatment is more effective for DSNs treatment than conventional treatment alone. However, this combined treatment could lead to greater rates of hypertension, albuminuria and hand-foot syndrome. Therefore, the benefits and risks should be considered before treatment.
A nomogram prediction of coronary artery dilation in Kawasaki diseases based on mtDNA copy number
Authors: Peng Mou , Yue Peng , Zhang Yue , Li Hong , Hua Yimin , Li Yifei , Zheng Hong , Liu Fangfei 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe level of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) in peripheral blood cells had been identified to be involved in several immune and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of mtDNA-CN in Kawasaki disease (KD) and to construct a nomogram prediction for coronary artery lesions in children with KD.MethodsOne hundred and forty-four children with KD diagnosed from March 2020 to March 2022 were involved in the study. The clinical features and laboratory test parameters of these children were assessed between the KD and normal groups. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed sequentially to identify the essential risk factors. Subsequently, a nomogram prediction was constructed.ResultsA total of 274 children were included in the analysis. Of these, 144 (52.6%) represented the KD group. Peripheral blood DNA mtDNA qPCR showed that the -log value of mtDNA-CN in the KD group (6.67 ± 0.34) was significantly higher than that in the healthy group (6.40 ± 0.18) (P&lt;0.001). The area under the ROC curve for mtDNA-CN in distinguishing KD was 0.757. MtDNA-CN (OR = 13.203, P = 0.009, 95% CI 1.888–92.305), RBC (OR = 5.135, P = 0.014, 95% CI 1.394–18.919), and PA (OR = 0.959, P = 0.014, 95% CI 0.927–0.991) were identified as independent risk factors for coronary artery dilation in children with KD. Finally, the nomogram predictive was established based on the results of multivariable analysis, demonstrating the satisfied prediction and calibration values.ConclusionThe results of this study revealed that mtDNA-CN could be used as a biomarker in predicting the development of KD. Furthermore, the higher the mtDNA-CN was significantly associated with coronary artery dilation in KD.
Causal relationships between gut microbiota, immune cell, and Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liang Tian , Shi Huijun , Cui Han , Cui Yaqi , Zhao Ziwei , Wang Yue , Shi Dandan , Tian Peichao 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundRegulating the immune system is a crucial measure of gut microbiota (GM) that influences the development of diseases. The causal role of GM on Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) and whether it can be mediated by immune cells is still unknown.MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using an inverse variance weighted (IVW) method to examine the causal role of GM on HSP and the mediation effect of immune cells between the association of GM and HSP.ResultsWe demonstrated the causal relationships between 14 axas and 6 pathways with HSP. Additionally, we identified 9 immune cell characteristics associated with HSP. Importantly, through mediation MR analysis, we identified several immune cell characteristics that mediate the impact of GM on HSP. For instance, Genus_Blautia affects HSP via Monocyte (HLA DR on CD14+ CD16- monocyte) and Monocyte (HLA DR on monocyte). The proportion of mediation effects further elucidated the complex dynamics between GM exposure, immune markers, and their combined impact on HSP.ConclusionThe study suggested a causal relationship between GM and HSP, which may be mediated by immune cells.
Fatal nephrobronchial fistula arising from xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a case report
Authors: Burbano María Alejandra , Nati-Castillo H. A. , Castaño-Giraldo Natalia , López Gildardo , Placencia-André Romina , Salazar-Santoliva Camila , Villavicencio-Gomezjurado Melissa , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionNephrobronchial fistula is an exceptionally rare complication of renal infections, including the uncommon xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Existing literature is limited to a few case reports, with antibiotic therapy and nephrectomy being the preferred treatments.CaseWe present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of recurrent xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in her right kidney, requiring drainage through lumbotomy. She presented with a chronic dry cough and weight loss, without other noticeable symptoms. Imaging suggested a pulmonary abscess and nephrobronchial fistula. Despite antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention, her condition progressed fatally.ConclusionNephrobronchial fistulas are extremely complications of renal infections, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms. This case highlights their significant impact on morbidity and mortality, especially in resource-limited settings, and underscoring the urgent need for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Increased risk of respiratory events during endobronchial ultrasound examination in patients with reduced forced expiratory volume: a prospective observational study
Authors: Grünewaldt Achim , Rohde Gernot 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe incidence of adverse events during endobronchial ultrasound is low. Nevertheless, it is unclear, whether patients with impaired pulmonary function have an increased risk of respiratory events during the intervention.MethodsA monocentric prospective observational study was performed at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Adult patients undergoing an endobronchial ultrasound examination with propofol-sedation were included. Pre-interventional screening included pulmonary function testing, laboratory tests and electrocardiogram. The occurrence of hypercapnia &gt;55 mmHg or reduced oxygen saturation &lt;85% was defined as a respiratory event was recorded and compared between patients with normal and impaired pulmonary function tests.ResultsIn total, 126 patients were included. Pulmonary function testing revealed a median FEV1 of 2.2 l (range 0.4–6.04l) and a predicted FEV1 of 79.5% (range 20–127.8%) respectively. The median FVC was 3.0 l (range 0.87–7.28l), the median predicted FVC was 82% (range 31.4–128.4%). In 72 examinations (60%) pCO2 levels &gt;55 mmHg were measured. Transient oxygen desaturation &lt;85% occurred in 31 cases (25.8%). The Mann Whitney U-test showed a significantly lower FEV1 (% predicted value) in patients with respiratory events (p = 0.007). ROC analysis identified a predicted FEV1 of 78.5% as the optimal cut-off with a sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 71%. Using Z-score instead of predicted values, there was no significant association between a lower Z- score of FEV or FVC and hypercapnic or hypoxic events. However, both a lower absolute value of FEV1/FVC and a lower Z-score of the FEV1/FVC index were associated with the occurrence of respiratory events. In binary logistic regression analysis, we could not demonstrate any association with other relevant parameters (age, BMI, sedation dosage, sedation duration, or ASA-score).ConclusionsAn impaired forced expiratory volume is associated with the frequency of respiratory events during endobronchial ultrasound examination under propofol-sedation.
An outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children after the COVID-19 pandemic, Shanghai, China, 2023
Authors: Zhu Xunhua , Liu Pengcheng , Yu Hui , Wang Libo , Zhong Huaqing , Xu Menghua , Lu Lijuan , Jia Ran , Su Liyun , Cao Lingfeng , Zhai Xiaowen , Wang Yi , Xu Jin 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) decreased significantly. At the beginning of the summer of 2023, there was an increasing trend of MP infection in China and the MP pneumonia (MPP) is surging when it comes to the school season and lasts for several months which has attracted widespread attention.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the prevalent characteristics of the MP and the difference between the COVID-19 pandemic and the post in Shanghai, China.MethodsThe demographic information and the results of laboratory pathogen detection from July 2021 to May 2024 were collected and analyzed to find out the prevalent characteristics of MP. Two periods, during the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic, were divided and compared. The P1 genotyping and macrolide resistance-associated gene of 23 s rRNA were detected using the remaining MP-positive samples.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of the MP has significantly decreased. Female children are more susceptible to MP infection than the male. The school-aged group (&gt;6 years) had the highest infection rate. The rate of MP P1 genotype during post panel is higher than that during COVID-19 pandemic, which is dominant from July 2021 to May 2024, while the macrolide-resistant associated mutations (A2063G) keep high percentage during or post pandemic.ConclusionAfter the COVID-19 pandemic, an outbreak of MP infection occurred from summer onwards in 2023 with children in Shanghai, China. Immunity debt and high rate of macrolide-resistance may take effects in this MP epidemic. Continuous surveillance of MP is necessary to help to alert the prevalence of MPP.
Mapping brain morphology to cognitive deficits: a study on PD-CRS scores in Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Brandão Pedro Renato , Pereira Danilo Assis , Grippe Talyta Cortez , Bispo Diógenes Diego de Carvalho , Maluf Fernando Bisinoto , Titze-de-Almeida Ricardo , de Almeida e Castro Brenda Macedo , Munhoz Renato Puppi , Tavares Maria Clotilde Henriques , Cardoso Francisco 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe Parkinson’s Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) is a widely used tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, however, the neuroanatomical underpinnings of this test’s outcomes require clarification. This study aims to: (a) investigate cortical volume (CVol) and cortical thickness (CTh) disparities between PD patients exhibiting mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and those with preserved cognitive abilities (PD-IC); and (b) identify the structural correlates in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of overall PD-CRS performance, including its subtest scores, within a non-demented PD cohort.Materials and methodsThis study involved 51 PD patients with Hoehn &amp; Yahr stages I–II, categorized into two groups: PD-IC (n = 36) and PD-MCI (n = 15). Cognitive screening evaluations utilized the PD-CRS and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). PD-MCI classification adhered to the Movement Disorder Society Task Force criteria, incorporating extensive neuropsychological assessments. The interrelation between brain morphology and cognitive performance was determined using FreeSurfer.ResultsVertex-wise analysis of the entire brain demonstrated a notable reduction in CVol within a 2,934 mm2 cluster, encompassing parietal and temporal regions, in the PD-MCI group relative to the PD-IC group. Lower PD-CRS total scores correlated with decreased CVol in the middle frontal, superior temporal, inferior parietal, and cingulate cortices. The PD-CRS subtests for Sustained Attention and Clock Drawing were associated with cortical thinning in distinct regions: the Clock Drawing subtest correlated with changes in the parietal lobe, insula, and superior temporal cortex morphology; while the PD-CRS frontal-subcortical scores presented positive correlations with CTh in the transverse temporal, medial orbitofrontal, superior temporal, precuneus, fusiform, and supramarginal regions. Additionally, PD-CRS subtests for Semantic and Alternating verbal fluency were linked to CTh changes in orbitofrontal, temporal, fusiform, insula, and precentral regions.ConclusionPD-CRS performance mirrors neuroanatomical changes across extensive fronto-temporo-parietal areas, covering both lateral and medial cortical surfaces, in PD patients without dementia. The observed changes in CVol and CTh associated with this cognitive screening tool suggest their potential as surrogate markers for cognitive decline in PD. These findings warrant further exploration and validation in multicenter studies involving independent patient cohorts.
Geo-demographic trends in nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage-related mortality among older adults in the United States, 1999–2020
Authors: McCandless Martin G. , Dharia Anand A. , Wicks Elizabeth E. , Camarata Paul J. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionNontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (ntSAH) often results from a ruptured aneurysm and correlates with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among the older population. Despite its impact, limited comprehensive studies evaluate the longitudinal trends in ntSAH-related mortality in older adults in the United States (US).MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective analysis using the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020, analyzing Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use death certificates to identify ntSAH as a contributing factor in the death of adults aged 65 years and older. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and annual percent change (APC) to examine trends across demographic variables such as sex, race/ethnicity, urbanization, and states/census region.ResultsA total of 78,260 ntSAH-related deaths (AAMR 8.50 per 100,000 individuals) occurred among older adults in the US from 1999 to 2020. The overall AAMR for ntSAH decreased from 9.98 in 1999 to 8.67 in 2020 with an APC of −0.7% [95% CI (−1.0, −0.3)]. However, the authors observed a noticeable rise from 2013 to 2020 with an APC of 1.7% [95% CI (0.8, 2.6)]. Sex, racial, and regional disparities were evident with higher mortality rates for ages 85 or greater (crude mortality rate 16.6), women (AAMR 9.55), non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander (AAMR 12.5), and micropolitan areas (AAMR 8.99), and Western US (AAMR 8.65).ConclusionMortality from ntSAH increases with age, affects women disproportionately, and occurs more often in an inpatient setting. These findings necessitate targeted, multi-dimensional health policies and clinical interventions. Specialties beyond neurosurgery can utilize this data for improved risk stratification and early treatment. Policymakers should focus on equitable resource allocation and community-level interventions to mitigate these trends effectively.
CAPS: a simple clinical tool for β-amyloid positivity prediction in clinical Alzheimer syndrome
Authors: Lahiri Durjoy , Seixas-Lima Bruna , Roncero Carlos , Verhoeff Nicolaas Paul , Freedman Morris , Al-Shamaa Sarmad , Chertkow Howard 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionWith the advent of anti-β-amyloid therapies, clinical distinction between Aβ + and Aβ− in cognitive impairment is becoming increasingly important for stratifying referral and better utilization of biomarker assays.MethodsCognitive profile, rate of decline, neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire (NPI-Q), and imaging characteristics were collected from 52 subjects with possible/probable AD.ResultsParticipants with Aβ+ status had lower baseline MMSE scores (24.50 vs. 26.85, p = 0.009) and higher total NPI-Q scores (2.73 vs. 1.18, p &lt; 0.001). NPI-Q score was found to be the only independent predictor for β-amyloid positivity (p = 0.008). A simple scoring system, namely Clinical β-Amyloid Positivity Prediction Score (CAPS), was developed by using the following parameters: NPI-Q, rapidity of cognitive decline, and white matter microangiopathy. Data from 48 participants were included in the analysis of accuracy of CAPS. CAP Score of 3 or 4 successfully classified Aβ + individuals in 86.7% cases.DiscussionClinical β-Amyloid Positivity Prediction Score is a simple clinical tool for use in primary care and memory clinic settings to predict β-amyloid positivity in individuals with clinical Alzheimer Syndrome can potentially facilitate referral for Anti Aβ therapies.
Mining Alzheimer’s disease clinical data: reducing effects of natural aging for predicting progression and identifying subtypes
Authors: Han Tian , Peng Yunhua , Du Ying , Li Yunbo , Wang Ying , Sun Wentong , Cui Lanxin , Peng Qinke 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionBecause Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has significant heterogeneity in encephalatrophy and clinical manifestations, AD research faces two critical challenges: eliminating the impact of natural aging and extracting valuable clinical data for patients with AD.MethodsThis study attempted to address these challenges by developing a novel machine-learning model called tensorized contrastive principal component analysis (T-cPCA). The objectives of this study were to predict AD progression and identify clinical subtypes while minimizing the influence of natural aging.ResultsWe leveraged a clinical variable space of 872 features, including almost all AD clinical examinations, which is the most comprehensive AD feature description in current research. T-cPCA yielded the highest accuracy in predicting AD progression by effectively minimizing the confounding effects of natural aging.DiscussionThe representative features and pathogenic circuits of the four primary AD clinical subtypes were discovered. Confirmed by clinical doctors in Tangdu Hospital, the plaques (18F-AV45) distribution of typical patients in the four clinical subtypes are consistent with representative brain regions found in four AD subtypes, which further offers novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.
Supervisory performance in telework: the role of job demands, resources, and satisfaction with telework
Authors: Peiró José M. , Bravo-Duarte Felipe , González-Anta Baltasar , Todolí-Signes Adrián 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDigitalization and the pandemic have transformed work, increasing flexibility, and remote arrangements. A critical factor in these transformations' success is supervisors' competencies. Consequently, new tools for assessing supervisory performance are required, particularly considering subordinates' evaluations. This study investigates the role of three telework resources (structural support, telework readiness, and monitorization) and three demands (workload, isolation, and information overload) in predicting employees' evaluation of supervisors, with satisfaction with telework as a moderator.MethodsA survey among 322 Spanish teleworkers was conducted in July 2023. Specific scales for measuring Telework Supervisory Performance, as well as Telework Resources and Demands, were developed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), correlations, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were conducted.ResultsOrganizational structural support positively correlates with subordinates' evaluation of their supervisor, while monitorization shows a negative relationship. Telework demands studied demonstrated no significant relationship with the outcome. Interaction effects between resources and satisfaction with telework increased the relationship with supervisor evaluations.DiscussionThis research shows that organizational support significantly enhances supervisor evaluations in remote work settings, particularly among satisfied teleworkers. The findings also reveal that high monitoring levels can negatively impact supervisor assessments. Conversely, job demands were not significantly linked to supervisor evaluations. Implications for workers and organizations are discussed.