bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus paper on the management of acute isolated vertigo in the emergency department
Authors: Vanni Simone , Vannucchi Paolo , Pecci Rudi , Pepe Giuseppe , Paciaroni Maurizio , Pavellini Andrea , Ronchetti Mattia , Pelagatti Lorenzo , Bartolucci Maurizio , Konze Angela , Castellucci Andrea , Manfrin Marco , Fabbri Andrea , de Iaco Fabio , Casani Augusto Pietro ,   Società Italiana di Medicina d’Emergenza Urgenza [SIMEU], Società Italiana di Vestibologia [VIS]
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcute vertigo is defined as the perception of movement of oneself or the surroundings in the absence of actual motion and it is a frequent cause for emergency department admissions. The utilization of medical resources and the duration of hospital stay for this kind of symptom is high. Furthermore, the efficiency of brain imaging in the acute phase is low, considering the limited sensitivity of both CT and MRI for diagnosing diseases that are the causes of central type of vertigo. Relying on imaging tests can provide false reassurance in the event of negative results or prolong the in-hospital work-up improperly. On the other hand, clinical examinations, notably the assessment of nystagmus’ features, have proven to be highly accurate and efficient when performed by experts. Literature data point out that emergency physicians often do not employ these skills or use them incorrectly. Several clinical algorithms have been introduced in recent years with the aim of enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of emergency physicians when evaluating this specific pathology. Both the ‘HINTS and ‘STANDING’ algorithms have undergone external validation in emergency physician hands, showing good diagnostic accuracy. The objective of this consensus document is to provide scientific evidence supporting the clinical decisions made by physicians assessing adult patients with acute vertigo in the emergency department, particularly in cases without clear associated neurological signs. The document aims to offer a straightforward and multidisciplinary approach. At the same time, it tries to delineate benchmarks for the formulation of local diagnostic and therapeutic pathways, as well as provide a base for the development of training and research initiatives.
Bloodstream infections due to multi-drug resistant bacteria in the emergency department: prevalence, risk factors and outcomes—a retrospective observational study
Authors: Capsoni Nicolò , Azin Giulia Maria , Scarnera Marida , Bettina Marco , Breviario Riccardo , Ferrari Laura , Ferrari Camilla , Privitera Daniele , Vismara Chiara , Bielli Alessandra , Galbiati Filippo , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Merli Marco , Bombelli Michele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMultidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are prevalent in patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) and increase the risk of inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. Risk stratification for MDRO infection is essential to early identify patients requiring empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, but it remains challenging for emergency physicians. This study aimed to evaluate prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of patients admitted to the ED with a bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by MDROs. A retrospective observational study enrolling all consecutive adult patients admitted with a BSI to the ED of Niguarda Hospital, Italy, from January 2019 to December 2021 was performed. 757 patients were enrolled, 14.1% with septic shock. 156 (20%) patients had a BSI caused by MDRO: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales were the most prevalent followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Risk factors for BSI due to MDRO and specifically for ESBL were chronic renal failure (OR 2.2; 95%CI 1.4–3.6), nursing home residency (OR 4.4; 95%CI 1.9–10.2) and antibiotic therapy in the last 90–days (OR 2.6; 95%CI 1.7–4), whereas for MRSA were dialysis (OR 12.3; 95%CI 1.8–83), antibiotic therapy and/or hospital admission in the past 90-days (OR 3.6; 95%CI 1.2–10.6) and ureteral stent or nephrostomy (OR 7.8; 95%CI 1.5–40.9). Patients with BSI due to MDRO had a higher rate of inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy (50%) and longer length of stay, but no higher in-hospital mortality. Among patients admitted to the ED with a BSI, MDROs are frequent and often associated with inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. Specific updated risk factors for MDRO may help clinicians to better identify patients requiring a broader antibiotic therapy in the ED, while awaiting microbiological results.
On the Logical Argument from Natural Evil: A Response to Moore
Authors: Sterba James P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDwayne Moore’s "A Naturalistic Theodicy for Sterba’s Problem of Natural Evil," (Moore, 2024) provides a detailed critique of my logical argument from evil against the existence of the God of traditional theism. While there have been many critiques of my logical argument against the existence of the God of traditional theism from moral evil to which I have replied (2020b, 2020c, 2021, 2023), there has been only one previous critique that was directed at my logical argument from natural evil (see Jordan, 2023). Accordingly, I welcome this opportunity to show how my logical argument from natural evil works against Moore’s critique.
The Myth of Gender Equality? Older Women’s Narratives on Sexuality Under State Socialism
Authors: Gore-Gorszewska Gabriela , Štulhofer Aleksandar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article explores female sexuality during state-socialist rule in Croatia and Poland. Using life-course framework and qualitative data from individual interviews with 35 women aged 65–93, we investigate a complex interplay of socialist puritanism, officially proclaimed gender equality, and a patriarchal cultural tradition based on a restrictive religious morality, and the role it played in women’s perception of sexuality, sexual expression, and pleasure. In the private sphere, the process of socialist modernization (and its gender egalitarian ideology) was frequently neutralized by the post-World War II austerity and conservative family socialization—with long-term consequences for female sexuality. The current study is a contribution to the literature on social regulation of sexuality in Communist Europe during the second half of the twentieth century.
Many Bombers of the Principle of Double Effect: An Analysis of Strategic/Terror Bomber Thought Experiment Variants
Authors: Kłaput Ignacy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe strategic/terror bomber thought experiment is often employed in the contemporary debate on the principle of double effect (PDE). It is taken to show the intuitive appeal of PDE. In this paper, it is argued, however, that the thought experiment is used in a confused way. What is taken to be one thought experiments in fact is a series of subtly differing examples. Those differences, although subtle, bear on the applicability of these examples in the argumentation for PDE. The main objectives of this paper are to provide a precise description and analysis of the variants of strategic/terror bomber thought experiments. The analysis shows that some variants are flawed mainly because of underdetermination of the cases by their descriptions and problems with rationality of the presented agents. This result seems to cast some new doubts on employment of the strategic/terror bomber thought experiment as an argumentative device supporting PDE.
Estimating S-wave amplitude for earthquake early warning in New Zealand: Leveraging the first 3 seconds of P-Wave
Authors: Chandrakumar Chanthujan , Tan Marion Lara , Holden Caroline , Stephens Max , Punchihewa Amal , Prasanna Raj 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the critical question of predicting the amplitude of S-waves during earthquakes in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), a highly earthquake-prone region, for implementing an Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS). This research uses ground motion parameters from a comprehensive dataset comprising historical earthquakes in the Canterbury region of NZ. It explores the potential to estimate the damaging S-wave amplitude before it arrives, primarily focusing on the initial P-wave signals. The study establishes nine linear regression relationships between P-wave and S-wave amplitudes, employing three parameters: peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and peak ground displacement. Each relationship’s performance is evaluated through correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and 5-fold Cross-validation RMSE, aiming to identify the most predictive empirical model for the Canterbury context. Results using a weighted scoring approach indicate that the relationship involving P-wave Peak Ground Velocity (Pv) within a 3-second window strongly correlates with S-wave Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), highlighting its potential for EEWS. The selected empirical relationship is subsequently applied to establish a P-wave amplitude (Pv) threshold for the Canterbury region as a case study from which an EEWS could benefit. The study also suggests future research exploring complex machine learning models for predicting S-wave amplitude and expanding the analysis with more datasets from different regions of NZ.
The study of perturbation in magnetized Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter spacetime and dark energy profile
Authors: Ghafar Muhammad Saad , Ali Farhad , Hussain Saqib , Fatima Nahid , Alghafli Maryam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We are going to investigate the geodesic motion of charged particles in the vicinity of Schwarzschild anti-de-Sitter (S-AdS) spacetime with topological defects that admit temporal perturbation. We used the approximate Noether symmetry equation to insert the time conformal factor in the black hole without losing its symmetry structure. This type of insertion is necessary because the black hole radiates its energy and momentum in the form of gravitational waves and Hawking radiation. Along with the temporal perturbation, the S-AdS black hole (BH) is immersed in an external magnetic field. We conduct an in-depth examination of the dynamics of charged particles near a weakly magnetized and time conformal S-AdS BH. Our analysis involves calculating the shift in the position of the innermost circular orbit (ISCO) caused by both temporal perturbation and the presence of a magnetic field. Furthermore, we explore the influence of dark energy (DE) and angular momentum on the stability of these orbits. Additionally, we determine the effective force and escape velocity for a charged particle orbiting around the perturbed magnetized S-AdS BH. The application of time-dependent perturbation theory can extend our understanding to investigate the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of BH mergers.
How Do Legal Aid Cuts in England and Wales Impact LGBTQ+ People Seeking Asylum? Perspectives from Providers and Directly Affected People
Authors: Alessi Edward J. , Alexander Lillian , Lee Yong Gun , Fletcher Claire , Aziz Ayesha , Zadeh Leila 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
LGBTQ+ people seeking asylum in England and Wales may experience disproportionate risk due to recent cutbacks in legal aid services, including inconsistent standards for determining the credibility of asylum claims and the inability to obtain essential resources.

Methods
Interviews were conducted with legal, social care, and mental health professionals (n = 17) and directly affected people (n = 9) from January to April 2023 to explore how legal aid cuts shape the experiences of LGBTQ+ people seeking asylum in England and Wales.

Results
Guided by the concept of structural violence and employing constructivist grounded theory analysis, this qualitative study identified four themes demonstrating the impact of legal aid cuts: making it difficult to find solicitors with expertise in working with LGBTQ+ people seeking asylum; forcing solicitors to make difficult choices about the clients they accept; compromising the ability of solicitors to build the trust needed to work with LGBTQ+ people seeking asylum; and compounding life instabilities for LGBTQ+ people seeking asylum.

Conclusions
Findings reveal that legal aid cuts contribute to structural violence against LGBTQ+ people seeking asylum by constraining the ability of solicitors to properly represent their asylum claims and thus prolonging the deleterious conditions faced by this population.

Policy Implications
Efforts are needed to ensure access to legal aid services for LGBTQ+ people seeking asylum in England and Wales. Adequately funding legal aid services would also better enable solicitors to apply trauma-informed legal practices, which is imperative for effectively engaging with and representing LGBTQ+ people seeking asylum.
Analysis of Oncology and Radiation Therapy Representation on the National Board of Medical Examiners Official Practice Material for the United States National Standardized Medical Board Examinations
Authors: Mahoney Mary T. , Linkowski Lauren C. , Wu Trudy C. , Chen Jie Jane , Neilsen Beth K. , Thompson Petria S. , Mix Michael D. , Sura Karna T. , Mattes Malcolm D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a critical component of multidisciplinary cancer care, but has inconsistent curricular exposure. We characterize the radiation oncology (RO) content on the standardized undergraduate medical examinations by comparing its context and prevalence with other domains in oncology. National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) self-assessments and sample questions for the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Steps 1–3 and NBME clinical science shelf examinations were accessed (n = 3878). Questions were inductively analyzed for content pertaining to oncology and treatment modalities of RT, systemic therapy (ST), and surgical intervention (SI). Questions were coded using USMLE Physician Tasks/Competencies and thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics and analyses using the Kruskal–Wallis test are reported. A total of 337 questions (8.6%) within the USMLE and shelf exams included oncology content, with 101 questions (2.6%) referencing at least one cancer treatment modality (n = 35 RT, 45 ST, 57 SI). Treatment questions were more common on USMLE Step 2 CK (n = 35/101, 32%) compared to Step 1 (n = 23/101, 23%) and Step 3 (n = 8/101, 8%) (p < 0.001). RT was significantly less likely to be the correct answer (2/35, 6%) compared to ST (4/45, 9%) and SI (18/57, 32%) (p = 0.003). Therapeutic oncology questions are uncommon on the examination material, with an under-representation of radiation-related content, and contextual bias favoring surgical approaches. We advocate for greater RO involvement in the content creation of such examinations to help trainees better understand multidisciplinary cancer care.
Railway Slope Monitoring Based on Dual-Parameter FBG Sensor
Authors: Xu Hongbin , Wang Weiwei , Li Feng , Du Yanliang , Tu Hongliang , Guo Chuanrui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA large number of slopes appear along the line during railway construction, which will pose a threat to railway safety operation. Slope monitoring plays an important role in ensuring the safety of railway operation. Aiming at the difficulties of sensor multiplexing, low accuracy, and large disturbance by trains, this paper proposes a railway slope monitoring method based on integrated fusion detection of inclination and vibration. Instability and failure characteristics of the K3 slope in Shuohuang Railway and dynamic characteristics under the excitation of the train load are analyzed by the finite element method (FEM) analysis. Based on the above analysis, a slope monitoring system is established utilizing the self-developed dual-parameter fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. The monitoring data of the past four years show that the slope is in a relatively stable state at present. The monitoring data are consistent with the results of the FEM. The feasibility of the damage identification method based on inclination and vibration characteristics is verified, which provides a new method for railway slope monitoring.
Natural compounds-based nanomedicines for cancer treatment: Future directions and challenges
Authors: Andreani Tatiana , Cheng Ruoyu , Elbadri Khalil , Ferro Claudio , Menezes Thacilla , dos Santos Mayara R. , Pereira Carlos M. , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeveral efforts have been extensively accomplished for the amelioration of the cancer treatments using different types of new drugs and less invasives therapies in comparison with the traditional therapeutic modalities, which are widely associated with numerous drawbacks, such as drug resistance, non-selectivity and high costs, restraining their clinical response. The application of natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of different cancer cells has attracted significant attention from the pharmaceuticals and scientific communities over the past decades. Although the use of nanotechnology in cancer therapy is still in the preliminary stages, the application of nanotherapeutics has demonstrated to decrease the various limitations related to the use of natural compounds, such as physical/chemical instability, poor aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. Despite the nanotechnology has emerged as a promise to improve the bioavailability of the natural compounds, there are still limited clinical trials performed for their application with various challenges required for the pre-clinical and clinical trials, such as production at an industrial level, assurance of nanotherapeutics long-term stability, physiological barriers and safety and regulatory issues. This review highlights the most recent advances in the nanocarriers for natural compounds secreted from plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms, as well as their role on cell signaling pathways for anticancer treatments. Additionally, the clinical status and the main challenges regarding the natural compounds loaded in nanocarriers for clinical applications were also discussed.
Graphical abstract
Rawlsian Algorithmic Fairness and a Missing Aggregation Property of the Difference Principle
Authors: Franke Ulrik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModern society makes extensive use of automated algorithmic decisions, fueled by advances in artificial intelligence. However, since these systems are not perfect, questions about fairness are increasingly investigated in the literature. In particular, many authors take a Rawlsian approach to algorithmic fairness. Based on complications with this approach identified in the literature, this article discusses how Rawls’s theory in general, and especially the difference principle, should reasonably be applied to algorithmic fairness decisions. It is observed that proposals to achieve Rawlsian algorithmic fairness often aim to uphold the difference principle in the individual situations where automated decision-making occurs. However, the Rawlsian difference principle applies to society at large and does not aggregate in such a way that upholding it in constituent situations also upholds it in the aggregate. But such aggregation is a hidden premise of many proposals in the literature and its falsity explains many complications encountered.
Young People’s Barriers and Facilitators of Engagement with Web-Based Mental Health Interventions for Anxiety and Depression: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ho Thi Quynh Anh , Engel Lidia , Melvin Glenn , Le Long Khanh-Dao , Le Ha N. D. , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in young people have increased in many countries around the world. Web-based mental health interventions (or W-MHIs) have the potential to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms for young people. Although W-MHIs have become more widely used by young people since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, real-world engagement in these W-MHIs has remained low compared with engagement reported in research studies. Moreover, there are limited studies examining factors influencing engagement with W-MHIs in the post-COVID-19 pandemic years.

Objective
This study aims to explore barriers and facilitators of engagement with W-MHIs for anxiety and depression among young people.

Method
Seventeen semi-structured interviews and one focus group with three participants were conducted online via Zoom between February and March 2023. Participants were young people aged 18–25 years who had self-reported experience of anxiety and/or depression in the past 6 months, lived in Australia, and considered using W-MHIs to manage their anxiety and/or depression symptoms. Inductive thematic analysis was performed to understand the key barriers and facilitators of young people’s engagement with W-MHIs.

Results
Both individual- and intervention-related factors influenced young people’s engagement with W-MHIs. Facilitators of engagement included personal trust and beliefs in W-MHIs, ability to contact a health professional, programme suitability (e.g., affordability, content aligning with user needs), programme usability (e.g., user interface), and accessibility of the online platform. Barriers included concerns about online security, lack of human interaction and immediate responses from health professionals (if any), and negative experience with mental health programmes. Participants expressed greater willingness to pay if they could contact health professionals during the programme.

Conclusion
Better promotion strategies for mental health and W-MHI awareness are needed to increase the perceived importance and priority of mental health interventions among young people. Young people should be involved in the W-MHI co-design to enhance the programme suitability and usability for young people, fostering their engagement with W-MHIs.
Assessment of Innovative Pharmacological Targets in Schizophrenia
Authors: Reynolds de Sousa Teresa , Ribeiro Marta , Novais Filipa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of review
Schizophrenia is a disorder with an approximate prevalence of 1% associated with great impairments in daily life functioning and important distress. The pharmacological treatments available thus far address, almost exclusively, the positive symptoms of the disorder, leaving cognitive and negative symptoms without an effective treatment. Additionally, a significant group of patients presents treatment-resistant forms of the disorder, and the schizophrenia drug pipeline has been stagnant. This review examines the existing evidence on potential novel drug targets for the disorder.

Recent findings
Several systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and several agents addressing disturbances in those systems have been tested in recent years.

Summary
We summarize significant findings on the multiple systems disrupted in schizophrenia (e.g. neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammation-related, intracellular mechanisms) and discuss potential strategies to target those disturbances. We review some new drugs developed for and tested in the patients/models of the disorder.