bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO Turnover and Audit Pricing
Authors: Huang Hua-Wei , Parker Robert J. , Yan Yun-Chia Anderson , Lin Yi-Hung 
Published: January 2014

SYNOPSIS
This study examines the relationship between CEO turnover in client companies and the fees charged by their audit firms. We propose that forced CEO turnover (such as dismissals) pose higher business and audit risks for the audit firm than voluntary turnover (such as retirements); further, greater risk leads to higher audit prices. We develop a regression model of audit fees that includes, as predictor variables, type of CEO turnover and control variables identified in prior studies (e.g., ROA, total assets, and corporate governance). Results reveal that companies with forced CEO turnover have significantly higher audit fees than companies with either voluntary turnover or no turnover. Further, we find no difference in audit fees between firms with voluntary turnover and firms without turnover.
Data Availability: The data used in this study are publicly available.
Secure Information Market: A Model to Support Information Sharing, Data Fusion, Privacy, and Decisions
Authors: Morris Bonnie W. , Kleist Virginia Franke , Dull Richard B. , Tanner Cynthia D. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
There are instances where multiple organizations hold data that when considered individually are inconclusive, but collectively are useful to solve complex problems. Yet, frequently there is a hesitation for organizations to share data due to strategic, legal, and policy concerns. To address this hesitation, an electronic market for secure information sharing is described, in which data are contributed to the market by members, and made available from the market to members or preapproved information buyers. In this Secure Information Market (SIM), shared data are secure, and available in granular or aggregate form based on specific requirements of the information providers and consumers. The model is designed to protect member organizations and their shared data, while maximizing member value and incentives to share. The Secure Information Market model is presented, and then its applicability is demonstrated using a variety of examples.
DETERMINANTS OF SLOPE STABILITY REDUCTION / DETERMINANTY ZNI ŽOVANIA STABILITY SVAHU
Authors: Dobiašová Dagmar , Streďanský Jozef , Tátošová Lucia 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The formation or activation of landslide movements in Podtatranska kotlina is quite common, as it is flysh and volcanic area. There is a high incidence of sandstones in this area. The sandstones crumble and weather, and this is the reason why the subsoil becomes unstable. The rainfall is accumulated, and there is a danger of soil sliding down. There was located groundwater level in the central part of the slope (in the height of 30 cm), and in some parts, the water accumulation occurred in the depression places on the landslide body. There were created small landslide lakes, where the water was held during the year. The slope was soaked and the erosion started to increase. The slope with its instability has pushed the construction of road that leads underneath the heel of the slope. Neglected and improper construction in areas of slope landslides has become a relatively common phenomenon. Stabilization measures are often made up only when real problem occurs. An anthropogenic activity usually starts this problem. This refers to deforestation, grassing or deformation of slope stability in the heel by improper construction. The landslide was not the first one in the area. In 1898, there was the first landslide, but it was not as intensive as this one. Retaining wall was the only one stabilization measure which was built in that time. It also had a drainage outfall. However, during the summer months in 2010, the stabilization measure was disrupted and cracked. This occurrence started after the slope separation and by the foremost pressure on the given wing wall. During our measurements, we found out that in that area, there was a loss of plant cover, erosion accrued and soil physical properties changed. Our aim is to show the seriousness of the situation and propose appropriate stabilizing measures.
CONCEPT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS / KONCEPT INFORMAČNÉHO SYSTÉMU PRE PROJEKTY POZEMKOVÝCH ÚPRAV
Authors: Leitmanová Mária , Muchová Zlatica , Streďanská Anna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Land consolidation projects have reached the state where there is sufficient sample of projects with lots of valuable information in the Slovak Republic (planimetric and hypsographic measurements, updated maps of soil-ecological units, concepts of local territorial systems of ecological stability, plans for the general principles of functional organization of the territory, etc.). However, their longer-term utilization is questionable, because there is no central data archiving of the projects. Documents remain on a CD somewhere in the documentation of land offices in most cases. In worse cases, documentation might have been lent and later irretrievably lost. This paper describes concept for a new system that would provide a coherent overview, especially for the graphical outputs of land consolidation projects. It is called System OKTOPUS, and with its help we can analyze, process and archive the data generated in land consolidation projects and/or in other documentation. Spatial data are included into the catalog of topics and the topics are divided into registries in the OKTOPUS System. The presented model area is the catchment area of Žitava river, on which we illustrate the OKTOPUS System, including examples of possible use cases. The final aim of the OKTOPUS System is publishing data on the web using platform(s) that allow users sharing/editing the geographic data.
DETERMINING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECT RUNOFF FROM REAL RAIN USING GIS ENVIRONMENT / STANOVENIE CHARAKTERISTÍK PRIAMEHO ODTOKU Z REÁLNEHO DAŽĎA S VYUŽITÍM PROSTREDIA GIS
Authors: Šinka Karol , Kaletová Tatiana 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The selected SCS-CN method is used worldwide and adapted to the conditions of Slovakia. GIS environment provides an opportunity to simulate changes in land use, and then to calculate the total volume of water from the river and peak water flow in the river bed of the stream. The simulation was done for two rainfall events, 72 mm and 42.6 mm, which were measured in precipitation station in Jelenec (a village situated next to the area of interest). The calculation was made for 4 possible scenarios - current land use, forest, arable land and grassland and pasture. Culmination discharge and time of outflow from rainfall 72 mm for current land use were calculated using the NRCS method. The calculation of water runoff volume showed that similar values were measured for the rainfall of 72 mm and rainfall 42.6 mm in case of AMC-III. The highest values of water runoff volume were marked in the case of arable land in all calculations, the lowest one for forest. Comparison of designed stream cross section and calculated culmination discharge allowed us to determine the point of outflow from the river bed of the Drevenica stream.
VILLA GARDENS ARCHITECTURE BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA / ARCHITEKTÚRA VILOVÝCH ZÁHRAD V MEDZIVOJNOVOM OBDOBÍ V ČESKOSLOVENSKU
Authors: Zámečník Roman 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The study focuses on appearance and development of villa gardens which were established in the interwar period in the territory of the Czechoslovak Republic. In the introduction I outlined the historical context, which - to a certain extent - contributed to the development of villa gardens. Furthermore, in the introduction you may find a basic range of the current research work in the field. A special focus is dedicated to archive material retrieval. The field research chapter provides basic information on historical gardens preservation. The facts retrieved from archives and the field research define function, composition and contents of villa gardens. Varied range of information serves as basic literature which will be further exploited while formulating methodology procedures which can be adopted in conservation and maintenance of villa gardens in the period of the First Republic.
Is FTA for ‘Up Closer and Personal’? Reflections on Media and Public Views on the EU in Korea
Authors: Yoon Sung-Won 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Due to its geopolitical situation, Korea started its relationship with the EU quite later than with the US, China, Japan and Russia. However, the EU-Korea relationship has grown “slowly but steadily”. The studies on the perception of the EU have been conducted since the 2000s. Korean scholars have been interested in finding out the Korean perception of the EU and have participated in the multiannual international research projects from the beginning. Their extensive data on Korean media coverage on the EU and public opinion surveys present the nature and characteristics of the EU imagery in Korea. EU-Korea relationship has seen a turning point by the signing of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two parties. The EU became more exposed to the Korean media on this occasion, and accordingly, the Korean public now considers the EU as a more important partner than before. Through the detailed explanation and analysis of the existing perception studies in this paper, one can understand how the EU perception has been shaped and changed in Korea over time. One of the major findings is that the visibility of the EU has been enhanced in Korea for sure, but the images have been still seriously prejudiced as an ‘economic powerhouse’. Further studies are necessary to examine how to widen the scope of mutual understanding in different fields.
New Zealand Elite Perceptions on the EU: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Kelly Serena 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Since the end of the cold war, the European Union’s (EU’s) global aspirations and capabilities have grown. This shift has seen the EU becoming an increasingly integral part of the international arena, both economically and politically. However, there has been a notable geopolitical shift in recent years towards the growing importance of Asia. New Zealand, geographically distant but traditionally culturally aligned with the EU, the nation that has traditionally enjoyed close economic, political and social relations with the EU but is increasingly focused on Asia, presents a unique perspective on this perceived realignment of power. This paper offers a unique perspective on the effectiveness of the EU’s international outreach. Using international relations’ ‘small state theory’ as an analytical tool, the paper draws on a series of longitudinal elite interviews conducted with New Zealand’s political, economic, civil society and media elites over a decade. The paper qualitatively and quantitatively assesses whether the EU remains perceived as a relevant, important global actor in the eyes of New Zealand’s elite. The paper makes a number of observations. Firstly, as a small state, New Zealand’s foreign policy focus has tended to be preoccupied with economics and this preoccupation has meant a notable shift away from Europe. Second, although over the course of the interviews negative discussions about the EU’s Common Agriculture Policy decreased, on the other hand there was increasingly less discussion about the EU’s potential and a more concerted discussion about the importance of Asia to the New Zealand’s economy and future. There are a number of reasons to account for this changing perception towards the EU,however, the internal friction currently facing the European Union and eurozone was consistently noted. Finally, although over time the interviewed elites believed that the EU’s importance is diminishing, this acknowledgement was often made with regret.
Anaesthetic considerations for evoked potentials monitoring
Authors: Bithal Parmod 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntra-operative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) under anaesthesia has achieved popularity because it helps prevent/ minimize neurologic morbidity from surgical manipulations of various neurologic structures. Neurologic functions in an anaesthetised patient can be monitored either by electroencephalography (EEG) or by evoked potentials. Whereas, EEG is difficult to analyse, evoked potentials, in contrast, are easy to interpret, they are either present or absent, delayed or not delayed, with normal or abnormal wave. The goal of IONM is to identify changes in nervous system function prior to irreversible damage. Many factors need consideration when selecting an anaesthetic regimen for intra-operative monitoring of evoked potentials. The very pathophysiological condition or the potential risks of the contemplated surgical procedure, which require evoked potentials monitoring, may place constraints on anaesthetic management as well. With the availability of numerous anaesthetic techniques, an appropriate plan for managing both anaesthesia and IONM in a patient should be organised. It is extremely essential not to alter the pharmacological state of the patient to avoid any changes in the recording of evoked responses. While an anaesthesiologist may alter plans for a patient in order to facilitate IONM, monitoring team too, sometimes may be required to modify plans for monitoring when a particular anaesthetic agent or technique is strongly indicated or contraindicated. At times, compromise may be required between an anaesthesia technique and a monitoring technique. To serve patients’ best interest, it is critical to have a team approach and good communication among the neurophysiologist, anaesthesiologist and surgeon.
Coagulation effects of mannitol in combination with 0.9% normal saline or hydroxyethyl starch in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy: A preliminary report
Authors: Prabhakar Hemanshu , Singh Gyaninder , Bithal Parmod , Kalaivani Mani 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: Neurosurgical patients often require administration of both, mannitol and hydroxyethyl starch (HES). A recent in vitro study demonstrated that HES in combination with mannitol could disturb coagulation parameters and should be avoided in neurosurgical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate coagulation abnormalities due to mannitol when administered alone and in combination with HES in patients undergoing craniotomy for various intracranial brain tumours. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 30 adult patients undergoing craniotomy. Patients were randomised into two groups using a computer generated randomisation chart. Interventions: Group A: Patients received 10 ml/kg 0.9% normal saline and 1 g/kg mannitol and Group B: Patients received 10 ml/kg, HES 130/0.4, and 1 gm/kg mannitol; immediately after induction of general anaesthesia. Rotational thromboelastography was done immediately after induction of general anaesthesia and 5 min after administration of mannitol. Measured parameters of blood coagulation were clotting time (CT) and clot formation time (CFT) with EXTEM and maximum clot firmness (MCF) with EXTEM and (FIBTEM). Results: Fourteen patients in each group completed the study. Insignificant change was noted in CT; CFT altered significantly from the baseline in both the groups (P < 0.05). MCF with FIBTEM did not change significantly from baseline (P > 0.05), but significantly differed between groups (P = 0.001). However, all values were in normal range. Conclusion: Mannitol 1 g/kg and HES 10 ml/kg can be safely administered in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial tumours, without clinically significant changes in coagulation parameters.
α‐Diazo β‐Keto Ester as Precursor to Aromatic CH Insertion and Wolff Rearrangement with Different Directing Groups
Authors: Ma Biao , Chen Fang‐Lei , Xu Xing‐Yu , Zhang Yi‐Nan , Hu Li‐Hong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA tunable aromatic CH insertion and a Wolff rearrangement of α‐diazo β‐keto esters precursor were developed. Different directing groups on nitrogen led with high selectivity to either dihydroquinoline or 2‐carbamoylacrylate motifs, which can be transformed to multiple heterocyclic scaffolds.magnified image
Zinc‐Catalyzed Direct Cyanation of Indoles and Pyrroles: Nitromethane as a Source of a Cyano Group
Authors: Nagase Yuta , Sugiyama Tetsuya , Nomiyama Shota , Yonekura Kyohei , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWith nitromethane and diphenylsilane (Ph2SiH2), zinc triflate behaves as a Lewis acid catalyst for the cyanation of nitrogen‐containing heteroarenes such as indoles and pyrroles. This is the first realization of the Lewis acid‐catalyzed direct cyanation of a C(aryl)H bond with no CN group‐containing cyanating agent.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Dehydration of Fatty Acids for the Production of Linear Alpha Olefins
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Kim Kelly E. , Herbert Myles B. , Fedorov Alexey , Grubbs Robert H. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA highly efficient palladium‐catalyzed decarbonylative dehydration reaction of carboxylic acids is reported. This method transforms abundant and renewable even‐numbered natural fatty acids into valuable and expensive odd‐numbered alpha olefins. Additionally, the chemistry displays a high functional group tolerance. The process employs a low loading of palladium catalyst and proceeds under solvent‐free and relatively mild conditions.magnified image
Surface Modification of Castor Oil‐Based Polyurethane by Polyacrylic Acid Graft using a Two‐Step Plasma Treatment for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Najafabadi Seyed Ahmad Ayati , Keshvari Hamid , Sarkhosh Hadi , Ashuri Maziar , Tahriri Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is design and prepare medical grade polyurethane (PU) film based on castor oil without any additives. Acrylic acid (AAc) was grafted onto the surface of PU films using a two‐step oxygen plasma treatment. The first step of this method includes oxygen plasma pretreatment of the PU films, immersion in AAc monomeric solution, removal from the solution, and drying. The second step was carried out by plasma polymerization of preadsorbed reactive monomers on the surfaces of dried pretreated films. The effects of pretreatment time length and monomer concentration were studied on AAc graft amount. The surface of the modified PU films were characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water drop contact angle measurements. The ATR‐FTIR results proved that the carbonyl (CO) and hydroxyl groups (OH) of AAc give rise to an absorption peak at 1698 cm–1, which was observed in the spectra of the modified PU. The SEM micrographs showed that poly(acrylic Acid) (PAAc)–grafted PU films have a different pattern compared with nonmodified PU films. Moreover, it was found that a decrease in contact angle indicated to a higher grafting amount of polymer. Finally, L929 fibroblast cell culture was done onto the PAAc–PU films. It was observed that cells are spherical and not uniformly distributed on the modified polymer surface.
Effect of Novolac Resin and Modified Novolac Resin on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites
Authors: He Hongwei , Gao Feng , Li Kaixi , Yan Shen 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of novolac resin (NR) and modified novolac resin (MNR) on the stiffness and toughness of the carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy composites were studied when using these two kinds of modifiers with different physical and chemical performance. The results show that both NR and MNR are excellent toughening agents for the CF/epoxy composites, and the composites treated with MNR present better toughness than that of NR. However, the stiffness of the composites is almost unchanged when adding MNR. The mechanisms were analyzed by fracture studies using scanning electron microscopy and the decrease of cross‐link density caused by MNR was deduced to the toughening effects.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Odorless One‐Pot Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides from Organohalides, Thiourea, and Alkynes
Authors: Feng Jie , Lu Guoping , Lv Meifang , Cai Chun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe preparation of vinyl sulfides via a three‐component reaction of organohalides, thiourea, and alkynes was reported. Two carbon‐sulfur bonds are formed in one pot in this palladium‐catalyzed system. The protocol is free of foul‐smelling thiols and is operated under mild conditions to obtain cis‐configured anti‐Markovnikov products with moderate to excellent yields and excellent selectivity. In addition, this method is noteworthy given its experimental simplicity, high generality, good functional group tolerance, and the low cost of the catalyst system.
Selective Catalytic Transfer Dehydrogenation of Alkanes and Heterocycles by an Iridium Pincer Complex
Authors: Yao Wubing , Zhang Yuxuan , Jia Xiangqing , Huang Zheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCatalytic alkane dehydrogenation is a reaction with tremendous potential for application. We describe a highly active PSCOP‐pincer iridium catalyst for transfer dehydrogenation of cyclic and linear alkanes. The dehydrogenation of linear alkanes occurs under relatively mild conditions with high regioselectivity for α‐olefin formation. In addition, the catalyst system is very effective in the dehydrogenation of heterocycles to form heteroarenes and olefinic products.
Metal‐Free Deoxygenation of Carbohydrates
Authors: Adduci Laura L. , McLaughlin Matthew P. , Bender Trandon A. , Becker Jennifer J. , Gagné Michel R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe conversion of readily available cellulosic biomass to valuable feedstocks and fuels is an attrative goal but a challenging transformation that requires the cleavage of multiple nonactivated CO bonds. Herein, the Lewis acid trispentafluorophenylborane (B(C6F5)3) is shown to catalyze the metal‐free hydrosilylative reduction of monosaccharides and polysaccharides to give hydrocarbons with reduced oxygen content. The choice of the silane reductant influences the degree of deoxygenation, with diethylsilane effecting the complete reduction to produce hexanes while tertiary silanes give partially deoxygenated tetraol and triol products.
A Luminescent Dye@MOF Platform: Emission Fingerprint Relationships of Volatile Organic Molecules
Authors: Dong Ming‐Jie , Zhao Min , Ou Sha , Zou Chao , Wu Chuan‐De 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSelf‐assembly of luminescent moieties into porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has generated many luminescent platforms for probing volatile organic molecules (VOMs). However, most of those explored thus far have only been based on the luminescence intensity of one transition, which is not efficient for probing different VOMs. We have synthesized a luminescent MOF material containing 1D nanotube channels, and further developed a luminescent dye@MOF platform to realize the probing of different VOMs by tuning the energy transfer efficiency between two different emissions. The dye@MOF platform exhibits excellent fingerprint correlation between the VOM and the emission peak‐height ratio of ligand to dye moieties. The dye@MOF sensor is self‐calibrating, stable, and instantaneous, thus the approach should be a very promising strategy to develop luminescent materials with unprecedented practical applications.
Zink‐katalysierte Borylierung von primären, sekundären und tertiären Alkylhalogeniden mit Alkoxydiborreagentien bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Bose Shubhankar Kumar , Fucke Katharina , Liu Lei , Steel Patrick G. , Marder Todd B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAls neuartiges Beispiel eines Gruppe‐XII‐Katalysators zur C‐X‐Borylierung wurde ein katalytisches System basierend auf einer ZnII‐NHC‐Vorstufe für die Kreuzkupplung von Alkylhalogeniden mit Diborreagentien entwickelt. Durch diesen Ansatz wurde die Borylierung von nicht‐aktivierten primären, sekundären und tertiären Alkylhalogeniden zu Alkylboronaten bei Raumtemperatur erreicht. Die Umsetzungen erfolgen unter milden Bedingungen bei guter Toleranz anderer funktioneller Gruppen. Erste Ergebnisse bezüglich des Reaktionsmechanismus der Borylierungsreaktion deuten auf die Beteiligung von Ein‐Elektronen‐Prozessen hin.