bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of Grove Mountains 020090: An enriched “lherzolitic” shergottite
Authors: JIANG Yun , HSU Weibiao 
Published: August 2012

Abstract–Grove Mountains (GRV) 020090 is a “lherzolitic” shergottite found in the Grove Mountains, Antarctica. It exhibits two distinct textures: poikilitic and nonpoikilitic. In poikilitic areas, large pyroxene oikocrysts enclose subhedral olivine and chromite chadacrysts. Pyroxene oikocrysts are zoned from pigeonite cores to augite rims. In nonpoikilitic areas, olivine, pyroxene, and interstitial maskelynite occur as major phases, and minor phases include chromite and merrillite. Compared with typical “lherzolitic” shergottites, GRV 020090 contains a distinctly higher abundance of maskelynite (19 vol%). Olivine and pyroxene are more ferroan (Fa28–40, En57–72Fs24–31Wo4–14 and En46–53Fs17–21Wo26–35), and maskelynite is more alkali‐rich (Ab43–65Or2–7). The major phases, whole‐rock (estimated) and fusion crust of GRV 020090, are relatively enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE), similar to those of the geochemically enriched basaltic shergottites, but distinct from those of LREE‐depleted “lherzolitic” shergottites. Combined with a high oxygen fugacity of log fO2 = QFM − 1.41 ± 0.04 (relative to the quartz‐fayalite‐magnetite buffer), it is clear that GRV 020090 sampled from an oxidized and enriched mantle reservoir similar to those of other enriched shergottites. The calculated REE abundances and patterns of the melts in equilibrium with the cores of major phases are parallel to but higher than that of the whole rock, suggesting that GRV 020090 originated from a single parent magma and experienced progressive fractional crystallization in a closed system. The crystallization age recorded by baddeleyite is 192 ± 10 (2σ) Ma, consistent with the young internal isochron ages of enriched shergottites. Baddeleyite dating results further demonstrated that the young ages, rather than ancient ages (>4 Ga), appear to represent the crystallization of Martian surface lava flow. GRV 020090 shares many similarities with Roberts Massif (RBT) 04261/2, the first enriched “lherzolitic” shergottite. Detailed comparisons suggest that these two rocks are petrologically and geochemically closely related, and probably launch paired.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia in a southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides)
Authors: Santos S.V. , Strefezzi R.F. , Pissinatti A. , Takakura C.F.H. , Kanamura C. , Duarte M.I.S. , Catão‐Dias J.L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground An adult male Brachyteles arachanoides, kept in captivity since 1990, was found dead without apparent clinical evidence.Methods Necropsy report, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural examination were conducted.Results Pulmonary syncytial cells were positive for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and ultrastructural examination revealed viral particles inside macrophages compatible with the Paramyxoviridae family.ConclusionsMuriquis are susceptible to RSV pneumonia followed by respiratory distress syndrome and death.
Changes in the oligomerization potential of the division inhibitor UgtP co‐ordinate Bacillus subtilis cell size with nutrient availability
Authors: Chien An‐Chun , Zareh Shannon Kian Gharabiklou , Wang Yan Mei , Levin Petra Anne 
Published: August 2012

SummaryHow cells co‐ordinate size with growth and development is a major, unresolved question in cell biology. In previous work we identified the glucosyltransferase UgtP as a division inhibitor responsible for increasing the size of Bacillus subtilis cells under nutrient‐rich conditions. In nutrient‐rich medium, UgtP is distributed more or less uniformly throughout the cytoplasm and concentrated at the cell poles and/or the cytokinetic ring. Under these conditions, UgtP interacts directly with FtsZ to inhibit division and increase cell size. Conversely, under nutrient‐poor conditions, UgtP is sequestered away from FtsZ in punctate foci, and division proceeds unimpeded resulting in a reduction in average cell size. Here we report that nutrient‐dependent changes in UgtP's oligomerization potential serve as a molecular rheostat to precisely co‐ordinate B. subtilis cell size with nutrient availability. Our data indicate UgtP interacts with itself and the essential cell division protein FtsZ in a high‐affinity manner influenced in part by UDP glucose, an intracellular proxy for nutrient availability. These findings support a model in which UDP‐glc‐dependent changes in UgtP's oligomerization potential shift the equilibrium between UgtP•UgtP and UgtP•FtsZ, fine‐tuning the amount of FtsZ available for assembly into the cytokinetic ring and with it cell size.
Interspecies modulation of bacterial development through iron competition and siderophore piracy
Authors: Traxler Matthew F. , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R. , Clardy Jon , Kolter Roberto 
Published: August 2012

SummaryWhile soil‐dwelling actinomycetes are renowned for secreting natural products, little is known about the roles of these molecules in mediating actinomycete interactions. In a previous co‐culture screen, we found that one actinomycete, Amycolatopsis sp. AA4, inhibited aerial hyphae formation in adjacent colonies of Streptomyces coelicolor. A siderophore, amychelin, mediated this developmental arrest. Here we present genetic evidence that confirms the role of the amc locus in the production of amychelin and in the inhibition of S. coelicolor development. We further characterize the Amycolatopsis sp. AA4 – S. coelicolor interaction by examining expression of developmental and iron acquisition genes over time in co‐culture. Manipulation of iron availability and/or growth near Amycolatopsis sp. AA4 led to alterations in expression of the critical developmental gene bldN, and other key downstream genes in the S. coelicolor transcriptional cascade. In Amycolatopsis sp. AA4, siderophore genes were downregulated when grown near S. coelicolor, leading us to find that deferrioxamine E, produced by S. coelicolor, could be readily utilized by Amycolatopsis sp. AA4. Collectively these results suggest that competition for iron via siderophore piracy and species‐specific siderophores can alter patterns of gene expression and morphological differentiation during actinomycete interactions.
Biofilm production in oral Candida isolates from HIV‐positive individuals from Pune, India
Authors: Mane Arati , Kulkarni Ajinkya , Risbud Arun 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBiofilm formation is implicated as a potential virulence factor in Candida species and carries important clinical repercussions because of their increased resistance to antifungal treatment, ability to withstand host defences and to serve as a reservoir for continuing infections. The present study was undertaken to determine the biofilm production among oral Candida isolates from HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative individuals from Pune, India. Biofilm formation was determined using the spectrophotometric or microtitre plate method in 182 Candida isolates, of which 154 were from HIV‐positive and 28 were from HIV‐negative individuals. A total of 63.2% of the Candida isolates were biofilm producers. Significantly increased biofilm forming abilities both qualitatively as well as quantitatively were observed in Candida isolates from HIV‐positive individuals (66.2%) compared to isolates from HIV‐negative ones (46.4%), (P– 0.041). Eighty‐one (59.6%) C. albicans isolates and 34 (73.9%) non –C. albicans Candida (NCAC) showed biofilm positivity. The NCAC showed significantly greater intensity of biofilm formation compared to the C. albicans, P– 0.032. Our results thus show the enhanced biofilm forming abilities of oral Candida isolates from HIV‐infected individuals compared to HIV‐uninfected ones and highlight the important role played by biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of NCAC isolates.
Comparison of Different Sampling Strategies and Laboratory Methods for the Detection of C. jejuni and C. coli from Broiler Flocks at Primary Production
Authors: Vidal A. B. , Rodgers J. , Arnold M. , Clifton‐Hadley F. 
Published: August 2012

Summary The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of different combinations of sample type, transport medium and culture methods for the recovery of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from broiler flocks at primary production. Boot swabs moistened with one of four different transport media [maximum recovery diluent (n = 120), Exeter broth (EX) (n = 120), buffered peptone water (n = 120) and modified semi‐solid Cary‐Blair (n = 120)], caecal samples (n = 40) and faecal samples (n = 120) from 40 broiler flocks were compared and sensitivity estimates obtained using a Bayesian model. Samples were cultured onto mCCDA before and after enrichment in EX and incubated microaerobically at 41.5°C. Campylobacter suspect colonies were identified to the species level by multiplex PCR. Results from the Bayesian model indicated that boot swabs after enrichment had higher sensitivity (90–94%) than caecal contents before or after enrichment (84% and 89%, respectively) and faecal samples after enrichment (82%) for the detection of Campylobacter spp., although these differences were not statistically significant. Enrichment significantly increased the sensitivity of boot swab and caecal samples for detection of Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni, respectively. However, the enrichment of caecal samples resulted in a significant decrease in the sensitivity of these samples for detection of C. coli. There was much greater variation in the sensitivity estimates of the methods for detecting C. coli than for C. jejuni, and the ranking of methods was different between the two species. Boot swabs gave the best sensitivity values for detection of C. jejuni, and enrichment culture of faecal samples was the most sensitive method for detection of C. coli.
Oral Gene Application Using Chitosan-DNA Nanoparticles Induces Transferable Tolerance
Authors: Goldmann Katja , Ensminger Stephan M. , Spriewald Bernd M. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTOral tolerance is a promising approach to induce unresponsiveness to various antigens. The development of tolerogenic vaccines could be exploited in modulating the immune response in autoimmune disease and allograft rejection. In this study, we investigated a nonviral gene transfer strategy for inducing oral tolerance via antigen-encoding chitosan-DNA nanoparticles (NP). Oral application of ovalbumin (OVA)-encoding chitosan-DNA NP (OVA-NP) suppressed the OVA-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and anti-OVA antibody formation, as well as spleen cell proliferation following OVA stimulation. Cytokine expression patterns following OVA stimulationin vitroshowed a shift from a Th1 toward a Th2/Th3 response. The OVA-NP-induced tolerance was transferable from donor to naïve recipient mice via adoptive spleen cell transfer and was mediated by CD4+CD25+T cells. These findings indicate that nonviral oral gene transfer can induce regulatory T cells for antigen-specific immune modulation.
Determinants of Hepatitis A Vaccine Immunity in a Cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children Living in Switzerland
Authors: Crisinel Pierre Alex , Posfay-Barbe Klara Maria , Aebi Christoph , Cheseaux Jean-Jacques , Kahlert Christian , Rudin Christoph , Nadal David , Siegrist Claire-Anne 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTVaccination in HIV-infected children is often less effective than in healthy children. The goal of this study was to assess vaccine responses to hepatitis A virus (HAV) in HIV-infected children. Children of the Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study (MoCHiV) were enrolled prospectively. Recommendations for initial, catch-up, and additional HAV immunizations were based upon baseline antibody concentrations and vaccine history. HAV IgG was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a protective cutoff value defined as ≥10 mIU/ml. Eighty-seven patients were included (median age, 11 years; range, 3.4 to 21.2 years). Forty-two patients were seropositive (48.3%) for HAV. Among 45 (51.7%) seronegative patients, 36 had not received any HAV vaccine dose and were considered naïve. Vaccine responses were assessed after the first dose in 29/35 naïve patients and after the second dose in 33/39 children (25 initially naïve patients, 4 seronegative patients, and 4 seropositive patients that had already received 1 dose of vaccine). Seroconversion was 86% after 1 dose and 97% after 2 doses, with a geometric mean concentration of 962 mIU/ml after the second dose. A baseline CD4+T cell count below 750 cells/μl significantly reduced the post-2nd-dose response (P= 0.005). Despite a high rate of seroconversion, patients with CD4+T cell counts of <750/μl had lower anti-HAV antibody concentrations. This may translate into a shorter protection time. Hence, monitoring humoral immunity may be necessary to provide supplementary doses as needed.
A Three-Dose Intramuscular Injection Schedule of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Generates Sustained Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to Protective Antigen and Provides Long-Term Protection against Inhalation Anthrax in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Quinn Conrad P. , Sabourin Carol L. , Niemuth Nancy A. , Li Han , Semenova Vera A. , Rudge Thomas L. , Mayfield Heather J. , Schiffer Jarad , Mittler Robert S. , Ibegbu Chris C. , Wrammert Jens , Ahmed Rafi , Brys April M. , Hunt Robert E. , Levesque Denyse , Estep James E. , Barnewall Roy E. , Robinson David M. , Plikaytis Brian D. , Marano Nina 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTA 3-dose (0, 1, and 6 months) intramuscular (3-IM) priming series of a human dose (HuAVA) and dilutions of up to 1:10 of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) provided statistically significant levels of protection (60 to 100%) against inhalation anthrax for up to 4 years in rhesus macaques. Serum anti-protective antigen (anti-PA) IgG and lethal toxin neutralization activity (TNA) were detectable following a single injection of HuAVA or 1:5 AVA or following two injections of diluted vaccine (1:10, 1:20, or 1:40 AVA). Anti-PA and TNA were highly correlated (overallr2= 0.89 for log10-transformed data). Peak responses were seen at 6.5 months. In general, with the exception of animals receiving 1:40 AVA, serum anti-PA and TNA responses remained significantly above control levels at 28.5 months (the last time point measured for 1:20 AVA), and through 50.5 months for the HuAVA and 1:5 and 1:10 AVA groups (P< 0.05). PA-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) CD4+cell frequencies and T cell stimulation indices were sustained through 50.5 months (the last time point measured). PA-specific memory B cell frequencies were highly variable but, in general, were detectable in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by 2 months, were significantly above control levels by 7 months, and remained detectable in the HuAVA and 1:5 and 1:20 AVA groups through 42 months (the last time point measured). HuAVA and diluted AVA elicited a combined Th1/Th2 response and robust immunological priming, with sustained production of high-avidity PA-specific functional antibody, long-term immune cell competence, and immunological memory (30 months for 1:20 AVA and 52 months for 1:10 AVA). Vaccinated animals surviving inhalation anthrax developed high-magnitude anamnestic anti-PA IgG and TNA responses.
Acute Infective Endocarditis Caused by Delftia acidovorans, a Rare Pathogen Complicating Intravenous Drug Use
Authors: Mahmood Saima , Taylor Kent E. , Overman Timothy L. , McCormick Malkanthie I. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTGram-negative bacilli causing infective endocarditis (IE) is rare, even in intravenous drug users. This case report underscores several clinically important aspects ofDelftia acidovoransIE: the organism's ability to cause rapid destruction of normal native valves and to cause embolic occlusion of large arteries and its resistance to all aminoglycosides.
Otitis Media and Otomastoiditis Caused by Mycobacterium massiliense (Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii)
Authors: Lee Meng-Rui , Tsai Hsih-Yeh , Cheng Aristine , Liu Chia-Ying , Huang Yu-Tsung , Liao Chun-Hsing , Liang Sheng-Kai , Lee Li-Na , Hsueh Po-Ren 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

We describe two patients with otologic infections caused by
Mycobacterium massiliense
(
M. abscessus
subsp.
bolletti
) which were identified using
erm
(41) PCR, 23S rRNA, and
rpoB
gene sequence analysis. They were middle-aged adults with underlying otologic diseases and were treated successfully with clarithromycin-based combination regimens for 3 and 9 months, respectively.
Usability and Performance of CHROMagar STEC Medium in Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Hirvonen Jari J. , Siitonen Anja , Kaukoranta Suvi-Sirkku 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

The performance and usability of CHROMagar STEC medium (CHROMagar Microbiology, Paris, France) for routine detection of Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains were examined. The ability of the medium to selectively propagate STEC strains differing by their serotypes and virulence genes was studied with a collection of diarrheagenic
E. coli
isolates (
n
= 365) consisting of 49 different serotypes and with non-STEC and other bacterial isolates (
n
= 264). A total of 272 diarrheagenic
E. coli
(75.0%) isolates covering 24 different serotypes grew on CHROMagar STEC. The highest detection sensitivities were observed within the STEC serogroups O26 (90.0%), O111 (100.0%), O121 (100.0%), O145 (100.0%), and O157 (84.9%), and growth on CHROMagar STEC was highly associated with the presence of the tellurite resistance gene (
terD
). The specificity of the medium was 98.9%. In addition, CHROMagar STEC was used in parallel with a Shiga toxin-detecting immunoassay (Ridaquick Verotoxin/O157 Combi; R-biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany) to screen fecal specimens (
n
= 47) collected from patients suffering from hemorrhagic diarrhea. Positive growth on CHROMagar STEC was confirmed by the Premier EHEC enzyme immunoassay (Meridian Bioscience, Inc., Cincinnati, OH), and discrepant results between the two screening methods were confirmed by
stx
gene-detecting PCR. All 16 of the 47 stool samples that showed positive growth on CHROMagar STEC were also positive in the confirmatory tests. CHROMagar STEC proved to be an interesting option for STEC screening, allowing good detection sensitivity and specificity and permitting strain isolation for further outbreak investigations when required.
Trafficking and Replication Patterns Reveal Splenic Macrophages as Major Targets of Dengue Virus in Mice
Authors: Prestwood Tyler R. , May Monica M. , Plummer Emily M. , Morar Malika M. , Yauch Lauren E. , Shresta Sujan 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTHuman postmortem studies of natural dengue virus (DENV) infection have reported systemically distributed viral antigen. Although it is widely accepted that DENV infects mononuclear phagocytes, the sequence in which specific tissues and cell types are targeted remains uncharacterized. We previously reported that mice lacking alpha/beta and gamma interferon receptors permit high levels of DENV replication and show signs of systemic disease (T. R. Prestwood et al., J. Virol. 82:8411–8421, 2008). Here we demonstrate that within 6 h, DENV traffics to and replicates in both CD169+and SIGN-R1+macrophages of the splenic marginal zone or draining lymph node, respectively, following intravenous or intrafootpad inoculation. Subsequently, high levels of replication are detected in F4/80+splenic red pulp macrophages and in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. Intravenously inoculated mice begin to succumb to dengue disease 72 h after infection, at which time viral replication occurs systemically, except in lymphoid tissues. In particular, high levels of replication occur in CD68+macrophages of the kidneys, heart, thymus, and gastrointestinal tract. Over the course of infection, proportionately large quantities of DENV traffic to the liver and spleen. However, late during infection, viral trafficking to the spleen decreases, while trafficking to the liver, thymus, and kidneys increases. The present study demonstrates that macrophage populations, initially in the spleen and other lymphoid tissues and later in nonlymphoid tissues, are major targets of DENV infectionin vivo.
High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage
Authors: Ng Terry Fei Fan , Marine Rachel , Wang Chunlin , Simmonds Peter , Kapusinszky Beatrix , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Oderinde Bamidele Soji , Wommack K. Eric , Delwart Eric 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for high-throughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, <10
−4
), including known pathogens (>90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (
Adenoviridae
,
Astroviridae
,
Caliciviridae
,
Hepeviridae
,
Parvoviridae
,
Picornaviridae
,
Picobirnaviridae
, and
Reoviridae
), plants (
Alphaflexiviridae
,
Betaflexiviridae
,
Partitiviridae
,
Sobemovirus
,
Secoviridae
,
Tombusviridae
,
Tymoviridae
,
Virgaviridae
), and insects (
Dicistroviridae
,
Nodaviridae
, and
Parvoviridae
). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those infecting mammals and birds, potentially representing a third astrovirus genus, was partially characterized. Potential new genera and families of viruses distantly related to members of the single-stranded RNA picorna-like virus superfamily were genetically characterized and named
Picalivirus
,
Secalivirus
,
Hepelivirus
,
Nedicistrovirus
,
Cadicistrovirus
, and
Niflavirus
. Phylogenetic analysis placed these highly divergent genomes near the root of the picorna-like virus superfamily, with possible vertebrate, plant, or arthropod hosts inferred from nucleotide composition analysis. Circular DNA genomes distantly related to the plant-infecting
Geminiviridae
family were named
Baminivirus
,
Nimivirus
, and
Niminivirus
. These results highlight the utility of analyzing sewage to monitor shedding of viral pathogens and the high viral diversity found in this common pollutant and provide genetic information to facilitate future studies of these newly characterized viruses.
Enhanced Recognition and Neutralization of HIV-1 by Antibody-Derived CCR5-Mimetic Peptide Variants
Authors: Chiang Jessica J. , Gardner Matthew R. , Quinlan Brian D. , Dorfman Tatyana , Choe Hyeryun , Farzan Michael 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
A tyrosine-sulfated CCR5-mimetic peptide, CCR5mim1, inhibits HIV-1 infection more efficiently than sulfopeptides based on the CCR5 amino terminus. Here we characterized sulfopeptide chimeras of CCR5mim1 and the heavy-chain CDR3 of the antibody PG16. Two chimeras bound a range of envelope glycoproteins and neutralized HIV-1 more efficiently than CCR5mim1. An immunoadhesin form of one of these, CCR5mim2-Ig, synergized with CD4-Ig to neutralize HIV-1. These sulfopeptides are among the broadest and most potent CCR5-mimetic peptides described to date.