bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity-dependent gene expression in honey bee mushroom bodies in response to orientation flight
Authors: Lutz Claudia C. , Robinson Gene E. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThe natural history of adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) provides an opportunity to study the molecular basis of learning in an ecological context. Foragers must learn to navigate between the hive and floral locations that may be up to miles away. Young pre-foragers prepare for this task by performing orientation flights near the hive, during which they begin to learn navigational cues such as the appearance of the hive, the position of landmarks, and the movement of the sun. Despite well-described spatial learning and navigation behavior, there is currently limited information on the neural basis of insect spatial learning. We found that Egr, an insect homolog of Egr-1, is rapidly and transiently upregulated in the mushroom bodies in response to orientation. This result is the first example of an Egr-1 homolog acting as a learning-related immediate-early gene in an insect and also demonstrates that honey bee orientation uses a molecular mechanism that is known to be involved in many other forms of learning. This transcriptional response occurred both in naïve bees and in foragers induced to re-orient. Further experiments suggest that visual environmental novelty, rather than exercise or memorization of specific visual cues, acts as the stimulus for Egr upregulation. Our results implicate the mushroom bodies in spatial learning and emphasize the deep conservation of Egr-related pathways in experience-dependent plasticity.
Abdominal Migraine in Adults: A Review of Pharmacotherapeutic Options
Authors: Woodruff Ashley E , Cieri Nicole E , Abeles Jennifer , Seyse Stephanie J 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a 32-year-old woman with abdominal migraine and present a literature review to evaluate abdominal migraine in adults, with particular regard to effective treatment. CASE SUMMARY: A 32-year-old African American female presented with recurrent, severe abdominal pain. The patient had several previous admissions with similar symptoms and an extensive gastrointestinal workup in which findings were normal. Attacks of abdominal pain occurred despite treatment with analgesics and antiemetics. She had a family history of migraine headaches. A diagnosis of abdominal migraine was presumed and prophylactic therapy with topiramate 50 mg twice daily relieved the symptoms. DISCUSSION: Most published cases of adult abdominal migraine describe females who had a long history of abdominal pain refractory to conventional therapies. The majority of patients had a strong family history of migraine and reported similar episodic abdominal pain. Patients responded to prophylactic migraine therapies, including calcium channel blockers, β-blockers, topiramate, and antihistamines; a few responded to abortive sumatriptan therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal migraine should be considered a possible source of incurable abdominal pain in adults when accompanied by a complete gastrointestinal workup with normal results. We recommend a trial of topiramate as prophylactic therapy if abdominal migraine is the likely source of the pain.
Aflibercept: Newly Approved for the Treatment of Macular Edema Following Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Evoy Kirk E , Abel Steven R 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety data available for aflibercept and compare the drug to other therapeutic options for treatment of macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) to determine its likely role in therapy. DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search using the terms aflibercept and VEGF trap-eye was conducted to identify initial literature sources. No timeframe was used for exclusion of older trials. All trials referenced were published between January 1995 and December 2012. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Trials pertaining to oncologic use were excluded, as were studies conducted in animals and those written in a language other than English. Abstracts of the remaining trials were evaluated for determination of relevance to this review. Additional information sources were obtained via Internet and PubMed following a review of references. DATA SYNTHESIS: While previous Phase 1, 2, and 3 trials for other indications (age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema) have shown intravitreal injections of aflibercept to be safe and well tolerated in many patients, preliminary results from the ongoing COPERNICUS and GALILEO trials proved the efficacy of this medication in treating macular edema secondary to CRVO. Of the combined 358 patients studied in COPERNICUS and GALILEO, 56% and 60%, respectively, of the patients receiving aflibercept 2 mg monthly achieved at least a 15-letter improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline over 6 months compared with just 12% and 22% in the control group (p < 0.01 for both). Additionally, in COPERNICUS and GALILEO, patients achieved a 21.3- and 14.7-letter improvement, respectively, in BCVA compared with placebo (p < 0.01 for both). CONCLUSIONS: In September 2012, aflibercept became the second vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor approved for treatment of macular edema secondary to CRVO. While efficacy and safety appear similar to other anti-VEGF treatments, the higher potency, binding affinity, and duration of action make aflibercept an appealing new option.
Gabapentin Therapy of Hiccups
Authors: Thompson Dennis F , Brooks Krista G 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gabapentin is effective in the treatment of persistent or intractable hiccups. DATA SOURCES: A search of MEDLINE (1966-March 2013) using the MeSH search terms gabapentin, hiccups, and hiccups/drug therapy was performed. Additional databases searched included Web of Science (1945-March 2013) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-March 2013) using the text words gabapentin and hiccups. Bibliographies of relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All data sources were considered for inclusion. Preference was given for articles written in English, although one abstract in German was used. DATA SYNTHESIS: Because of the low incidence of persistent or intractable hiccups, few if any controlled clinical trials are conducted on the efficacy of drug treatment. Therefore, most of the data involve case reports or case series. We evaluated 17 case reports and 2 case series involving gabapentin therapy for persistent or intractable hiccups. Therapeutic outcomes with gabapentin were positive in all cases, with temporal evidence suggesting an effect, but outcomes often were obscured by combination therapy and comorbidities in some cases. Case reports suggest that gabapentin might be useful as a second-line agent in patients undergoing stroke rehabilitation or in the palliative care setting where chlorpromazine adverse effects are undesirable. Gabapentin was very well tolerated, with only a few minor adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Gabapentin has a similar body of evidence as other pharmacotherapeutic agents used to treat hiccups. Gabapentin is well tolerated and should be considered as a second-line agent in selected patients.
Mechanistic Evaluation of the Effect of WMA Additives on Wettability and Moisture Susceptibility Properties of Asphalt Mixes
Authors: Ghabchi Rouzbeh , Singh Dharamveer , Zaman Musharraf , Tian Qingyan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This study used a mechanistic framework (i.e., surface free energy) to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt (WMA) with three different WMA additives, namely, Sasobit, Advera, and Evotherm. The surface free energy (SFE) components of modified PG64-22 asphalt binder with different percentages of WMA additives and selected aggregates were measured in the laboratory. The wettability, the work of adhesion, the work of debonding, and energy ratios were estimated in order to assess the moisture-induced damage potential of combinations of modified asphalt binders and different aggregates. The results indicate that Sasobit and Advera are able to reduce the moisture susceptibility potential of the mixes, but their use is not recommended with highly acidic aggregates such as granite. Evotherm resulted in the highest increases in wettability, total surface free energy, and increased work of adhesion and a reduction in the work of debonding, resulting in a better possible aggregate coating with asphalt binder and lower moisture susceptibility with all types of tested aggregates relative to those of other WMA additives. Furthermore, tensile strength ratio (TSR) tests were conducted on Advera and Evotherm-modified and neat (unmodified) asphalt mixes, and the results were compared with those from the SFE test. It was found that the SFE approach is a better indicator of moisture susceptibility than the traditional TSR test. The findings of the present study would help the highway engineers and agencies to better understand the moisture damage potential of flexible pavements constructed with WMA technologies.
Heat Treating of a 718Plus Superalloy
Authors: Villalón Néstor O. , Covarrubias Octavio , Colás Rafael 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Hot rolled rings made from nickel-based superalloys are used for the manufacture of rotating components in jet engines and land-based turbines. Contoured rings are attractive to manufacturers because they can simplify and improve manufacturing operations by reducing machining times and, in some cases, eliminating welding operations. ATI 718Plus is a nickel-based superalloy designed to achieve high strength and thermal stability at elevated temperatures while exhibiting good formability during forging operations, characteristics that making it a suitable alloy for the manufacture of contoured rings. This work presents the results of a series of solution and precipitation heat treatments of rings made from ATI 718Plus with the goal of optimizing their processing and mechanical behavior. Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties are reported, including the results of tensile tests conducted at room temperature and at high temperature and of hardness and stress-rupture testing. The results of this work were implemented at a local factory to ensure the required mechanical properties of heat-treated parts.
Requirement for age-specific peak cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in children
Authors: O'Grady Michael J , Hensey Conor , Fallon Miriam , Hoey Hilary , Murphy Nuala , Costigan Colm , Cody Declan 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveBased on adult data, a peak cortisol response ≥500 nmol/l to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia constitutes a normal. Age-specific reference ranges for basal morning cortisol have been developed for clinical use in the paediatric population. Such reference ranges are not clearly established for peak cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia despite limited data suggesting an effect of age on peak cortisol. The aims of this study were to assess factors affecting the cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in children and to determine whether the peak cortisol response was related to age.DesignThe present study was a retrospective cohort study.MethodsRetrospective analysis of children and adolescents aged ≤18 years undergoing the insulin tolerance test with adequate hypoglycaemia was undertaken. Patients with hypopituitarism or severe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis impairment (peak cortisol value <400 nmol/l) or using systemic glucocorticoids were excluded.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty-three tests were analysed. Peak cortisol responses ≥500 nmol/l occurred in 183 (82%) tests. Age was negatively associated with peak cortisol responses (r=−0.15, P=0.03). A peak cortisol response <500 nmol/l was significantly less common in patients aged <12 years (9/97 (9%) vs 31/126 (25%); P=0.004). In children aged <12 years, the median (5th–95th centiles) peak cortisol values were 610 (480–806) nmol/l compared with 574 (442–789) nmol/l in children aged ≥12 years (P<0.004). Similarly, median cortisol increment was significantly higher in younger patients (301 nmol/l compared with 226 nmol/l (P=0.0004)).ConclusionsUse of a single peak cortisol threshold in children of all ages is not appropriate and will result in overdiagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in adolescents.
A New Genus and Species of Corioxenidae (Strepsiptera) from Madagascar, with a Review of the Current Genera
Authors: Cook J L , Tribull C M 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A new genus of Corioxenidae, Malagasyxenos, is erected for a new species of Strepsiptera, Malagasyxenos gymnostoma n.s.p., from the Majunga provinces of Madagascar. Malagasyxenos is morphologically closest to Floridoxenos, both of which have antennae with seven segments and flabela on segments 3–6. However, Malagasyxenos is the only corioxenid with no visible mouthparts as well as other character differences. The family Corioxenidae is reviewed and a key is provided for the 13 genera.
Review and Key for the Identification of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of Aphids Infesting Herbaceous and Shrubby Ornamental Plants in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Kavallieratos Nickolas G , Tomanović Željko , Petrović Andjeljko , Janković Marina , Starý Petr , Yovkova Mariya , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOriginal information on aphidiines parasitizing aphids on herbaceous and shrubby ornamental plants in southeastern Europe is presented. In total, 22 species are keyed and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs, stereomicroscope micrographs, and line drawings. The aphidiines presented in this work have been identified from 40 aphid taxa. Two hundred sixty-six aphidiine— aphid—plant associations are presented, out of which 126 are new. The results are discussed in relation to the overall parasitoid—aphid-plant associations in the area.
Diversity and Host use of Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata, Oribatida) Phoretic on Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae): Global Generalists, Local Specialists?
Authors: Knee Wayne , Forbes Mark R , Beaulieu Frédéric 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Mites (Arachnida: Acari) are one of the most diverse groups of organisms associated with bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), but their taxonomy and ecology are poorly understood, including in Canada. Here we address this by describing the diversity, species composition, and host associations of mesostigmatic and oribatid mites collected from scolytines across four sites in eastern Ontario, Canada, in 2008 and 2009. Using Lindgren funnel traps baited with α-pinene, ethanol lures, or Ips pini (Say) pheromone lures, a total of 5,635 bark beetles (30 species) were collected, and 16.4% of these beetles had at least one mite. From these beetles, a total of 2,424 mites representing 33 species from seven families were collected. The majority of mite species had a narrow host range from one (33.3%) or two (36.4%) host species, and fewer species had a host range of three or more hosts (30.3%). This study represents the first broad investigation of the acarofauna of scolytines in Canada, and we expand upon the known (worldwide) host records of described mite species by 19%, and uncover 12 new species. Half (7) of the 14 most common mites collected in this study showed a marked preference for a single host species, which contradicts the hypothesis that nonparasitic mites are typically not host specific, at least locally. Moreover, host records from the literature and those of this study together suggest that at a global scale, bark beetle mites have a broad host range, while at a local scale many species are host specific.
Contrasting Geographic Patterns of Genetic Differentiation in Body Size and Development Time with Reproductive Isolation in Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)
Authors: Bracewell Ryan R , Pfrender Michael E , Mock Karen E , Bentz Barbara J 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Body size and development time are two critical phenotypic traits that can be highly adaptive in insects. Recent population genetic analyses and crossing experiments with the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) have described substantial levels of neutral molecular genetic differentiation, genetic differences in phenotypic traits, and reproductive isolation. To determine whether genetic differences in adaptive phenotypic traits exist that correspond to reproductive boundaries, we conducted a common garden experiment with seven D. ponderosae populations previously used to identify reproductive incompatibilities. Genetic differences in development time were striking between faster developing, and more synchronized, northern populations and slower developing, and less synchronized, southern populations. Additionally, genetic differences in average body size were found between many populations. Differences in these two traits, however, failed to clearly demarcate populations that exhibit reproductive incompatibilities. Our results suggest that local selection pressures likely drive divergence in these two traits that is largely independent of the evolution of reproductive isolation in D. ponderosae.
Changes in Antioxidative Enzyme Activity, Glycogen, Lipid, Protein, and Malondialdehyde Content in Cadmium-Treated Galleria mellonella Larvae
Authors: Emre Iskender , Kayis Tamer , Coskun Mustafa , Dursun Osman , Cogun Hikmet Yeter 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the effects of cadmium (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg per 100 g of nutrient) on total protein, lipid, and glycogen levels, lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and metal accumulation in Galleria mellonella L. High concentrations of Cd (20 and 40 mg) significantly lowered total protein, lipid, and glycogen levels. MDA level significantly increased when the nutrient contained 5 mg and more of Cd, whereas SOD activity significantly increased at Cd concentrations starting from 1.25 mg. CAT activity significantly decreased at all concentrations. Metal accumulation also significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. These changes observed on activity of antioxidant enzymes, energy reserves, MDA content, and accumulation levels of Cd can be used as a reliable biomarker of environmental heavy metal pollution in model insect G. mellonella.
Canonical measure assignments
Authors: Jackson Steve , Löwe Benedikt 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe work under the assumption of the Axiom of Determinacy and associate a measure to each cardinal κ < ℵ ε0 in a recursive definition of a canonical measure assignment. We give algorithmic applications of the existence of such a canonical measure assignment (computation of cofinalities, computation of the Kleinberg sequences associated to the normal ultrafilters on all projective ordinals).
A fixed point for the jump operator on structures
Authors: Montalbán Antonio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAssuming that 0# exists, we prove that there is a structure that can effectively interpret its own jump. In particular, we get a structure such thatwhere is the set of Turing degrees which compute a copy of More interesting than the result itself is its unexpected complexity. We prove that higher-order arithmetic, which is the union of full “nth-order arithmetic for all n, cannot prove the existence of such a structure.
Partial impredicativity in reverse mathematics
Authors: Towsner Henry 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn reverse mathematics, it is possible to have a curious situation where we know that an implication does not reverse, but appear to have no information on how to weaken the assumption while preserving the conclusion (other than reducing all the way to the tautology of assuming the conclusion). A main cause of this phenomenon is the proof of asentence from the theory. Using methods based on the functional interpretation, we introduce a family of weakenings ofand use them to give new upper bounds for the Nash-Williams Theorem of wqo theory and Menger's Theorem for countable graphs.
Nonexistence of minimal pairs for generic computability
Authors: Igusa Gregory 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA generic computation of a subset A of ℕ consists of a computation that correctly computes most of the bits of A, and never incorrectly computes any bits of A, but which does not necessarily give an answer for every input. The motivation for this concept comes from group theory and complexity theory, but the purely recursion theoretic analysis proves to be interesting, and often counterintuitive. The primary result of this paper is that there are no minimal pairs for generic computability, answering a question of Jockusch and Schupp.
On skinny stationary subsets of
Authors: Matsubara Yo , Usuba Toshimichi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe introduce the notion of skinniness for subsets of and its variants, namely skinnier and skinniest. We show that under some cardinal arithmetical assumptions, precipitousness or 2λ-saturation of NSκλ ∣ X, where NSκλ denotes the non-stationary ideal over , implies the existence of a skinny stationary subset of X. We also show that if λ is a singular cardinal, then there is no skinnier stationary subset of . Furthermore, if λ is a strong limit singular cardinal, there is no skinny stationary subset of . Combining these results, we show that if λ is a strong limit singular cardinal, then NSκλ ∣ X can satisfy neither precipitousness nor 2λ-saturation for every stationary X ⊆ . We also indicate that , where , is equivalent to the existence of a skinnier (or skinniest) stationary subset of under some cardinal arithmetical hypotheses.
Influence of Chlorhexidine and/or Ethanol Treatment on Bond Strength of an Etch-and-rinse Adhesive to Dentin: An In Vitro and In Situ Study
Authors: Simões DMS , Basting RT , Amaral FLB , Turssi CP , França FMG 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a chlorhexidine and/or ethanol application on the bond strength of an etch-and-rinse, hydrophobic adhesive system either under in vitro aging or in situ cariogenic challenge. The dentin surface of 36 human third molars were flattened and allocated into four groups to be treated with chlorhexidine, ethanol, or chlorhexidine + ethanol or left unexposed to any solution (control) (n=9). Then, a resin composite restoration was made on the dentin surface and longitudinal sticks were obtained. Sticks from each tooth were assigned to three test conditions: stored in water in vitro for 24 hours, stored in water in vitro for 6 months, or worn in situ for 14 days. During in situ wear time, a high-cariogenic challenge condition was simulated. Specimens were tested for microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey's test showed that chlorhexidine, ethanol, or chlorhexidine + ethanol did not affect the μTBS. The in vitro μTBS values were significantly lower for the specimens stored for 6 months than for those stored for 24 hours. Intermediate μTBS values were shown by the specimens worn in situ. Thus, use of chlorhexidine and/or ethanol was incapable of containing the degradation at the bond interface in the in vitro model. The in situ model was capable of reducing bond strength similarly to the in vitro/6 months model. Despite this, the in situ bond strength was still similar to that of the in vitro/24-hour model.