bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologists Linked to Evidence-Based Practice Use in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Douglas Natalie F. , Hinckley Jacqueline J. , Haley William E. , Andel Ross , Chisolm Theresa H. , Eddins Ann C. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
This study explored whether perceptions of evidence or organizational context were associated with the use of external memory aids with residents with dementia in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Method
A survey design, supplemented by a small sample of exploratory interviews, was completed within the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework. Ninety-six speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and 68 facility rehabilitation directors (FRDs) completed the Organizational Readiness to Change Assessment (Helfrich, Li, Sharp, & Sales, 2009) in relationship to the use of external memory aids. Five SLPs completed an interview exploring perceptions of evidence and context in relationship to memory aid use.

Results

SLPs and FRDs had favorable perceptions of evidence supporting memory aids. FRDs perceived the organizational context of the SNF more favorably than SLPs. SLP participants used external memory aids in the past 6 months in 45.89% of cases of residents with dementia. For SLP participants, a 26% (
p
< .05) increase of external memory aid use was associated with every 1-unit change in favor of the evidence. Interview data revealed barriers to external memory aid implementation.

Conclusions
Part of evidence-based practice implementation may be influenced by clinician perceptions. Efforts to increase implementation of external memory aids in SNFs should address these clinician perceptions.
An exploratory study of smokers’ and stakeholders’ expectations of the implementation of a smoke‐free policy in a university setting
Authors: Burns Sharyn , Bowser Nicole , Smith Jenny , Jancey Jonine , Crawford Gemma 
Published: July 2014

Issues addressedSmoke‐free policies restricting tobacco use in public places are common in many middle‐ and high‐income countries. Implementation of a smoke‐free policy does not automatically result in a smoke‐free environment, and appropriate enforcement procedures must be clearly communicated and implemented. Safety and restrictions in private spaces, especially student housing, are also issues that need to be explored. This research explored perceptions and attitudes of staff and student smokers and key stakeholders before the implementation of a complete campus ban on smoking at a large Australian university.MethodsInterviews were conducted with staff and student smokers (n = 9) and stakeholders (n = 9). The interviews explored attitudes towards a completely smoke‐free policy in the university environment, perceptions relating to enforcement of and compliance with a completely smoke‐free policy, and support needed from the university for smokers.ResultsParticipants generally supported a complete smoke‐free policy. Key themes associated with the policy implementation included health implications, stigmatisation and labelling, liberty, and enforcement.ConclusionSmoke‐free policies require careful planning, evaluation, and appropriate enforcement to ensure maximum impact. Further research is needed to improve compliance with smoke‐free policies in outdoor environments and diverse spaces.So what?A better understanding of attitudes and intentions towards a smoke‐free policy before implementation may provide useful insight into the potential challenges and provide guidelines for the development of strategies to improve policy readiness and adherence. University support for smokers to quit is essential when implementing a smoke‐free policy.
Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signalling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The existence of an outer planet beyond Pluto has been a matter of debate for decades and the recent discovery of 2012 VP113 has just revived the interest for this controversial topic. This Sedna-like object has the most distant perihelion of any known minor planet and the value of its argument of perihelion is close to 0°. This property appears to be shared by almost all known asteroids with semimajor axis greater than 150 au and perihelion greater than 30 au (the extreme trans-Neptunian objects or ETNOs), and this fact has been interpreted as evidence for the existence of a super-Earth at 250 au. In this scenario, a population of stable asteroids may be shepherded by a distant, undiscovered planet larger than the Earth that keeps the value of their argument of perihelion librating around 0° as a result of the Kozai mechanism. Here, we study the visibility of these ETNOs and confirm that the observed excess of objects reaching perihelion near the ascending node cannot be explained in terms of any observational biases. This excess must be a true feature of this population and its possible origin is explored in the framework of the Kozai effect. The analysis of several possible scenarios strongly suggest that at least two trans-Plutonian planets must exist.
First Report of Rice yellow mottle virus in Rice in Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Authors: Rakotomalala M. R. , Abera B. B. , Pinel-Galzi A. , Rakotoarisoa J. , Alemu D. , Fargette D. 
Published: July 2014

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV, genus Sobemovirus) is a major biotic constraint to rice production in Africa. First reported in Kenya in 1966, RYMV was later found in most countries in Africa where rice (Oryza sativa, O. glaberrima) is grown (5). In the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, however, the disease has never been reported in rice fields. In September 2012, plants with leaf yellowing and mottling symptoms were observed near Bahir Dar and in the Fogera district in the northwestern part of the country during a joint survey of scientists from Madagascar (FOFIFA), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The disease was observed in 2013 in Fogera and Dera districts, where samples were collected, causing small patches of infected plants in ~5% of the fields. Symptomatic leaves of two plants collected in the fields were inoculated on five plants of the susceptible O. sativa cultivar IR64. All inoculated plants reproduced the typical yellow mottle symptoms. Symptomatic leaves of eight plants collected in the fields reacted positively when tested by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA tests with a polyclonal antiserum raised against a Madagascan isolate of RYMV (2), indicating for the first time the presence of the virus in Ethiopia. Triple antibody sandwich (TAS) tests with discriminant monoclonal antibodies (2) revealed that they all belonged to serotype 4, a serotype found in East Africa and in Madagascar. Total RNA was extracted by the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) from four samples. The 720-bp coat protein (CP) gene was amplified with reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with the primers 5′CTCCCCCACCCATCCCGAGAATT3′ and 5′CAAAGATGGCCAGGAA3′ (3). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KMO17554, KMO14555, KMO17556, and KMO17557). The four sequences showed over 98% nucleotide identity between each other. They shared over 92% nucleotide identity with isolates of strains S4 found in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Madagascar (4). Agricultural changes associated to rice intensification are known to favor RYMV emergence and spread (5). Recent efforts have been led by the National Rice Research and Development Strategy (NRRDSE) to intensify rice cultivation in Ethiopia (1). Early knowledge of RYMV occurrence in the country is a prerequisite to extended surveys of the disease and implementation of control measures. References: (1) K. Assefa et al. Challenges and opportunities of rice in Ethiopian agricultural development. www.eiar.gov.et/Publications/frgseries2.pdf , 2011. (2) D. Fargette et al. Arch. Virol. 147:583, 2002. (3) A. Pinel et al. Arch. Virol. 145:1621, 2000. (4) M. Rakotomalala et al. Virus Res. 171:71, 2013. (5) O. Traoré et al. Virus Res. 141:258, 2009.
Ocular involvement in pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Akhyani Maryam , Keshtkar‐Jafari Alireza , Chams‐Davatchi Cheyda , Lajevardi Vahide , Beigi Sara , Aghazadeh Nessa , Rayati Damavandi Maede , Arami Shabnam 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Ocular involvement in PV has been reported but its prevalence and clinical characteristics are not well defined. This prospective cross‐sectional study of 103 PV patients was designed to determine the prevalence, clinical types and epidemiological trends of ocular involvement in a population of Iranian patients with PV. Ocular involvement was present in 17 (16.5%) patients. Conjunctivitis was the most prevalent type of ocular involvement (9/17, 52.9%), followed by erosion of the palpebral conjunctiva (7/17, 41.2%). Erosion of the bulbar conjunctiva was noted in only one patient (5.9%). The most commonly reported symptoms were eye irritation (76.5%) and redness (76.5%). No significant relation was found between ocular involvement and disease activity (partial remission or relapse). Mucoid discharge was significantly more common in patients with conjunctival erosions as compared to patients with conjunctivitis (P = 0.038). We conclude that ocular involvement is not rare in PV; 16.5% of PV patients develop ocular disease independent of the disease activity and extension. Conjunctivitis is the most common type of involvement, however, palpebral conjunctival erosion is more frequent than previously realized.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with fatal bronchiolitis obliterans and appearance of anti‐BP180 antibodies in the late stage of the disease
Authors: Kanaoka Miwa , Matsukura Setsuko , Ishikawa Hideyuki , Matsuura Midori , Ishii Norito , Hashimoto Takashi , Aihara Michiko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractParaneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune bullous disease, which associates mainly with lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) with progressive respiratory failure is a significant cause of death in PNP. We report a case of PNP associated with follicular lymphoma and BO, which showed findings suggesting coexistence of bullous pemphigoid (BP). The patient showed bullous and ulcerative lesions on the lips and oral cavity, and flaccid blisters on the trunk and thighs associated with anti‐desmoglein (Dsg)3 antibodies. At later disease stage after commencement of treatment, anti‐BP180 antibodies and tense blister formation were observed. It was proposed that persistent interface dermatitis is the first event in PNP, and subsequently induce the production of autoantibodies to Dsg and components of the basement membrane zone, resulting in both intraepidermal and subepidermal blisters. We speculate that interface dermatitis caused by autoreactive T cells induced autoantibody production against Dsg3, and subsequently against BP180.
Rare association of pyoderma gangrenosum and palmoplantar pustulosis: A case report and review of the previous works
Authors: Ohtsuka Mikio , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum is a rare inflammatory, ulcerative skin disease that mainly involves the lower extremities. It frequently occurs in association with systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, myeloproliferative disorders and rheumatoid arthritis. Palmoplantar pustulosis is also an inflammatory dermatosis characterized by recurrent sterile pustules localized on the palms and soles. These two dermatoses are histologically characterized by neutrophilic infiltration into the lesional skin. Co‐occurrence of pyoderma gangrenosum and palmoplantar pustulosis in a single patient is extremely rare. We report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum occurred in a patient with palmoplantar pustulosis, with a review of the previously reported cases. A 68‐year‐old Japanese woman with a 10‐year history of palmoplantar pustulosis developed a skin ulcer on the left lower leg. The ulcer was diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum based on the clinical and histological findings, and rapidly improved in response to oral prednisolone. In addition to our case, five cases with palmoplantar pustulosis who developed pyoderma gangrenosum have been reported. These cases were thought to have some characteristics in common, such as marked female predominance, no association with inflammatory bowel disease and myeloproliferative disorders, and good response to less aggressive therapy. The co‐occurrence of pyoderma gangrenosum and palmoplantar pustulosis in our case may have an etiological link, rather than being a coincidental complication.
Obligate herbivory in an ancestrally carnivorous lineage: the giant panda and bamboo from the perspective of nutritional geometry
Authors: Nie Yonggang , Zhang Zejun , Raubenheimer David , Elser James J. , Wei Wei , Wei Fuwen 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Herbivores face various nutritional challenges in their life cycles, challenges that may become increasingly acute under ongoing environmental changes.

Here, focusing on calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen, we used nutritional geometry to analyse individual‐based data on foraging and extraction efficiencies, and combined these with data on reproduction and migratory behaviour to understand how a large herbivorous carnivore can complete its life cycle on a narrow and seemingly low quality bamboo diet.

Behavioural results showed that pandas during the year switched between four main food categories involving the leaves and shoots of two bamboo species available. Nutritional analysis suggests that these diet shifts are related to the concentrations and balances of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen. Notably, successive shifts in range use and food type corresponded with a transition to higher concentrations and/or a more balanced intake of these multiple key constituents.

Our study suggests that pandas obligatorily synchronize their seasonal migration and reproduction with the disjunct nutritional phenologies of two bamboo species. This finding has potentially important implications for habitat conservation for this species and, more generally, draws attention to the need for understanding the nutritional basis of food selection in devising management plans for endangered species.
Nurse‐based restoration of degraded tropical forests with tussock grasses: experimental support from the Andean cloud forest
Authors: Anthelme Fabien , Gómez‐Aparicio Lorena , Montúfar Rommel 
Published: July 2014

Summary

The degradation of the Andean cloud forest raises strong biological conservation issues and threatens the sustainability of a crucial water resource. The idea that nurse‐based restoration can accelerate the recovery of these forests is underexplored, despite its promise as a restoration technique. Recent conceptual models predict that facilitation among plants may be an important mechanism, but there is a lack of strong empirical support. We gathered experimental data to test this prediction and explore the relevance of using nurse‐based forest restoration in these environments.

A 20‐month factorial experimental design in the Andean tropical cloud forest was established. We measured the survival and estimated the biomass production of transplanted seedlings of a keystone canopy forest species, Ceroxylon echinulatum (Arecaceae), in a deforested area in the presence/absence of herbivory, a potential nurse plant (the tussock grass Setaria sphacelata, Poaceae) and artificial shade.

The joint effects of deforestation and herbivory led to the death of all seedlings, whereas most seedlings survived in the adjacent forest, which was used as the control. The presence of nurse plants led to significantly higher survival and growth of Ceroxylon seedlings throughout the experiment, regardless of herbivore presence.

The nurse effects were explained by a reduction of the relative abiotic stress experienced by the seedlings outside the forest, that is, the consistently decreasing maximum vapour pressure deficit. Furthermore, nurse tussocks delayed and reduced the effects of herbivory by offering physical protection and a refuge for seedlings against detection by herbivores. However, the effects of herbivory and abiotic stress on facilitation were not additive.

Synthesis and applications. Facilitation in degraded cloud forest can be intense as soon as the beneficiary plants are driven away from their physiological optimum (relative abiotic stress) and/or are confronted by herbivory. Using pre‐established exotic tussock grasses as a nurse‐based restoration technique in degraded cloud forest is a low‐cost, non‐detrimental (to biodiversity) option, especially in the absence of nurse trees and shrubs. The success of this method requires transplanting seedlings at the base of tussocks.
Optimizing taxonomic resolution and sampling effort to design cost‐effective ecological models for environmental assessment
Authors: Bennett Joseph R. , Sisson Danielle R. , Smol John P. , Cumming Brian F. , Possingham Hugh P. , Buckley Yvonne M. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Predictive models relating ecological assemblages to environmental conditions are widely used in environmental impact assessment and biomonitoring. Such models are often parameterized using comprehensive ecological sampling and taxonomic identification efforts.

Limited resources mean that expensive sampling and analytical procedures should be planned to maximize information gain and minimize unnecessary expense. However, there has been little consideration of cost‐effectiveness in parameterizing predictive models using ecological assemblages and no explicit consideration of cost‐effectiveness in balancing investment in the crucial aspects of sample size and taxonomic resolution.

Using lacustrine diatom (Bacillariophyceae) assemblages from four large‐scale (c. 77 000–1·3 million km2) data sets containing between 207 and 493 lakes, we address the following questions: (1) how does taxonomic resolution affect information content; (2) how does sample size affect information content for different taxonomic resolutions; and (3) what are the most cost‐effective strategies for constructing environmental assessment models using diatom assemblages across a range of budgets? We use weighted averaging regression models for pH, phosphorus, salinity and lake depth and realistic data collection costs to examine the relationship between cost and model information content (R2 and root mean squared error of prediction).

For diatom‐based models, finer taxonomic resolutions almost always provide more cost‐effective information content than collecting more samples, with (morpho)species being the most appropriate taxonomic resolution for nearly all budget scenarios. Information content exhibits an asymptotic relationship with sample size and budget, with greatest information gain during initial sample size increases, and little gain beyond c. 100 samples. Smaller sample sizes can also achieve surprising predictive power in some cases, suggesting low‐cost regional models may be achievable. However, caution is necessary in such an approach, because spatial dependencies in predictions may be missed and analogues with predicted assemblages may be poor.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate the utility of explicitly considering cost estimates to determine optimal sampling effort and taxonomic resolution for ecological assemblage models. For large, regional biomonitoring programmes, cost‐effective sampling could save millions of dollars. Our framework for determining optimal trade‐offs in ecological assemblage models is easily adaptable to other taxa and analytical techniques used in biomonitoring and environmental assessment.
The Symbiosis of the Urban and the Political
Authors: Magnusson Warren 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHistorically, the urban was the condition of possibility for the political, but the symbiosis of the two has been concealed by the rise of the state and the concomitant development of the social sciences. The effort to recover the connection by denoting a separate domain of ‘urban politics’ is self‐defeating, because it re‐instantiates an ontology of the political that consigns the urban to the domain of ‘low’ politics. The dominant ontology suggests that ‘high’ politics — the most serious politics or politics proper — is always in the domain of states and empires, and that everything else is subject to it. This view is constantly reaffirmed by the political theory that underpins the state system and the modern social sciences. Nevertheless, a different ontology of the political is always already implicit in the concept of the city, understood as a local phenomenon and a global way of life. To see the political through the city is to notice how proximate diversity stimulates self‐organization and self‐government, generates politics in and between authorities in different registers, and defers the sovereignty claims it produces. On this view, the urban is neither high nor low, but is instead the very form of the political, encompassing states and empires as much as anything else.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Estimations of the Total Weight of Drugs in Groups of Complex Matrices
Authors: Alberink Ivo , Sprong Annette , Bolck Annabel , Curran James M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn case practice at forensic drug departments, multiple items from one seizure are sometimes sent in with the question: what is the total amount of drugs in the seizure? This may be complicated especially if impregnated material is involved such as clothes or rubber. Measurement uncertainty is typically stable on drug percentages, not weights, and subsampling may take place. It is recognized more and more that determination and reporting of uncertainty on estimators are an essential part of obtaining scientifically sound results in the forensic field. Methodology is described to quantify uncertainty on estimations of the total drug weight in groups of complex matrices, given simple statistical models, along a subdivision of five types of cases. Given each of these types, case examples are given where uncertainty is quantified in estimations of drug weights, by means of confidence intervals. The described models are statistically sound and relatively easy to implement.
Impact of Mixtures of Different Fresh‐Cut Fruits on Respiration and Ethylene Production Rates
Authors: Mahajan Pramod V. , Luca Alexandru , Edelenbos Merete 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPackaging and storage of fresh‐cut fruits and vegetables are a challenging task, since fresh produce continue to respire and senesce after harvest and processing accelerates the physiological processes. The response on respiration and ethylene production rates of fresh produce to changes in O2 and CO2 concentrations and temperature has been extensively studied for whole fruits but literature is limited on processed and mixed fresh‐cut fruits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mixing various proportions of fresh‐cut fruits (melon chunks, apple slices, and pineapples cubes) on respiration and ethylene production rates and to develop predictive models for modified atmosphere packaging. The experiment was designed according to a simplex lattice method and respiration and ethylene production rates were measured at 10 °C. Results showed that single component pineapple cubes, apple slices, and melon chunks, in this order, had significant constant coefficients (P = 0.05) and the greatest impact on respiration rate while the interactive binary and tertiary coefficients were insignificant. For ethylene production rates, single component apple slices, melon chunks, and pineapple cubes, and their 3‐component mixtures, in this order, had significant constant coefficients (P = 0.05) while binary coefficients were insignificant. Mathematical models were developed and validated; the cubical model was the best to describe the influence of proportion of fruit on respiration and ethylene production rates, however, considering simplicity the linear part of the model is recommended to quantify respiration and ethylene production rates of mixed fresh‐cut fruits.