bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivessel Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in the United States
Authors: Arora Shilpkumar , Panaich Sidakpal S. , Patel Nileshkumar J. , Patel Nilay , Solanki Shantanu , Deshmukh Abhishek , Singh Vikas , Lahewala Sopan , Savani Chirag , Thakkar Badal , Dave Abhishek , Patel Achint , Bhatt Parth , Sonani Rajesh , Patel Aashay , Cleman Michael , Forrest John K. , Schreiber Theodore , Badheka Apurva O. , Grines Cindy 
Published: July 2015

Background: Multivessel coronary artery disease carries significant mortality risk. Comprehensive data on inhospital outcomes following multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (MVPCI) are sparse. Methods: We queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) between 2006 and 2011 using different International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification procedure codes. The primary outcome was inhospital all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was a composite of inhospital mortality and periprocedural complications. Results: The overall mortality was low at 0.73% following MVPCI. Multivariate analysis revealed that (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, P value) age (1.63, 1.48-1.79; <.001), female sex (1.19, 1.00-1.42; P = .05), acute myocardial infarction (AMI; 2.97, 2.35-3.74; <.001), shock (17.24, 13.61-21.85; <.001), a higher burden of comorbidities (2.09, 1.32-3.29; .002), and emergent/urgent procedure status (1.67, 1.30-2.16; <.001) are important predictors of primary and secondary outcomes. MVPCI was associated with higher mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost of care as compared to single vessel single stent PCI. Conclusion: MVPCI is associated with higher inhospital mortality, LOS, and hospitalization costs compared to single vessel, single stent PCI. Higher volume hospitals had lower overall postprocedural mortality rate along with shorter LOS and lower hospitalization costs following MVPCI.
An engaged public: Considerations for the use of social media in managing crises
Authors: Watson Hayley , Hagen Kim 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article draws upon desk-based research carried out during the Contribution of Social Media in Crisis management (COSMIC) project and examines the opportunities and challenges associated with citizens’ engagement with social media to contribute to crisis management activities. Opportunities include the involvement of citizens in providing assistance during crisis, as well as alternative ways to request assistance. Alternatively, challenges include those associated with the increased involvement of citizens in crisis communication activities: the recording and safety of information, the threat of online vigilantism and the danger to the security of citizens. This article shows that it is necessary to consider the role and behaviour of citizens within crisis management. However, further research is required to continue to understand social dynamics of citizen behaviour operating in the virtual and offline realm and its impact on crisis management and preparedness.
Crowdsourcing and the folksonomy of emergency response: The construction of a mediated subject
Authors: Asmolov Gregory 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article explores the role of digital platforms in the involvement of citizens in disaster response, relying on an analysis of metadata and of the structure of classification. It adopts the analytical apparatus of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (Vygotsky, Leontiev, Engeström) and the notion of governmentality (Foucault) in order to conduct a critical comparative analysis of how crowdsourcing platforms construct the relationship between citizens and disasters. The article identifies three regimes of classification (informing, alerting and engagement) and explores the structures of classification for mobilization of citizens’ resources. The notion of governmentality allows us to identify the struggle around the structure of classification as a struggle between the institutional actors interested in controlling citizens’ resources and those actors who are interested in citizen engagement and the synergy between independent and institutional actors as a part of the disaster response. The article suggests the notion of the folksonomy of activity, identifying situations where citizens are able to participate in the definition of their relationships with disaster through participating in classification. It also discusses the visibility of classification and the generativity of classification as a part of citizen–disaster (subject–object) relationships.
Citizens’ involvement in emergency preparedness and response: A comparative analysis of media strategies and online presence in Turkey, Italy and Germany
Authors: Scifo Salvatore , Salman Yusuf 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article reviews the role that citizens may play as first responders by comparing how various communication media are utilized by response organizations and government agencies to train and network with citizens. In addition, it aims to investigate the nature of the communication strategies and approaches that are utilized by organizations reaching out to volunteers. In order to accomplish this goal, we engaged in an analysis of citizen awareness programmes and volunteer training processes in three different countries: Turkey, Italy and Germany. Across the analysed countries, we observed inconsistencies in the extent and types of utilization of social media, including the fact that the dominant approach is still communicating to citizens rather than communicating with citizens. Finally, the comparative analysis points out the inconsistent accessibility or availability of training materials online, and particularly in social media platforms. This may reduce the likelihood that a large portion of the population, mostly of younger age, will have the opportunity to stay informed on important emergency preparedness topics.
Riding the (seismic) wave: The building of a media discourse following a disaster
Authors: Akgüngör Çaglar 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article reviews the Turkish media’s treatment of citizen mobilization following a major earthquake in the Turkey’s Marmara region on 17 August 1999. For the first time in the history of Turkey, large numbers of citizens spontaneously took action to assist the victims, in marked contrast to the quasi-failure of the State to mount an appropriate response to the disaster, thus causing widespread frustration. Using this opportunity, Turkish journalists attributed a symbolic role to the catastrophe (milestone) and to the mass-mobilization (social movement), and constructed a critical discourse on the major issues of the country, calling for substantial change in the social and political order of Turkey. Within this rhetoric, the citizens who were involved in relief work and their ‘obvious’ symbol, the Arama Kurtarma Dernegi/Search and Rescue Association (AKUT), were hailed as the precursors of the expected change. Nevertheless, within a short period of time the media revised their stance and ended their contentions as soon as the State reoccupied the space that it had temporarily left and took control in the disaster zone. In sum, the 17 August earthquake remained another case showing that a single event – whatever its extent – is not an agent of social change by itself.
Citizen involvement in emergency reporting: A study on witnessing and citizen journalism
Authors: Bal Haluk Mert , Baruh Lemi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article reports findings from two studies regarding the role citizen reporting plays in emergencies. Findings from first study, a content analysis of citizen reporting about the Haiti Earthquake, Gezi Park Protests (Istanbul), Xynthia Storm (Europe) and Boston Bombings, indicates that citizen reporters were predominantly engaging in reporting of straight news. Citizen reporters were more likely to report their own observations than reporting or summarizing information they gathered from mainstream news sources. Relatedly, we found that citizen reporters were more likely to give voice to alternative sources of information, like bystanders or witnesses of incidents, than sources, such as government representatives. However, we also found that use of alternative sources does not necessarily translate to providing viewpoints that may contextualize the events. Namely, we found that episodic frames, rather than thematic frames, were likely to be utilized by citizen reporters. The second study, online interviews with citizen reporters whose coverage was content-analysed in the first study, found that a sense of editorial independence and disenchantment with the mainstream media’s coverage of the incidents were the main sources of motivation for citizen reporters. Results also indicate that citizen reporters tend to adopt a ‘publish, then filter’ approach to reporting and fact-checking. Implications for information verification issues are discussed.
Hurricanes and hashtags: How the media and NGOs treat citizens’ voices online in humanitarian emergencies
Authors: Cooper Glenda 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Twitter, Instagram and SMS messages have entered into the defining images and texts of humanitarian disasters, theoretically allowing survivors to play a role in the framing of such crises. Yet research suggests that both mainstream media and NGOs – whose symbiotic relationships traditionally framed such stories – have cloned and absorbed such content, potentially restricting whose voices are heard. Issues around privacy and copyright are yet to be resolved in the mainstream media, while NGOs have turned to western bloggers rather than beneficiaries to mediate their message. This article draws on around 50 semi-structured interviews with those whose content was used by UK mainstream media; journalists from the main broadcast and print outlets in the UK; and members of each of the thirteen UK Disaster Emergency Committee aid agencies who responded to recent crises including the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake. It aims to answer how voices of citizens in crises are being mediated and mediatized, and what issues the use of this content raise around contextual integrity of privacy. It concludes by examining whether NGOs’ engagement online allows the voices of the marginalized to emerge.
Transformation of collective action space: A study on the relationship between organizational attributes and ICT use
Authors: Günel Zeynep , KaraoGlu Gökçe 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the potential influence of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on the organizational structures of entities in contemporary collective action space. In order to do so, the article adopts the collective action space model offered by Bimber, Flanagin and Stohl to analyse the relationship between communicational activities and the organizational characteristics of four different organizations that were actively involved in the Gezi Movement (2013) in Turkey. Specifically, using data collected through in-depth interviews and participant observations, the article focuses on the engagement structures and interaction forms of these four organizations. The findings from this study suggest not only that ICTs allow organizations to become more structurally complex and dynamic but also that the manner in which ICTs are used for interactions and governance plays a critical role in the transformation of the structure of organizations in collective action space.
Social media and whirling dervishes: Countering UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritage
Authors: Pietrobruno Sheenagh 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Since 2003, UNESCO has officially safeguarded intangible heritage through the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Since 2005, individual, communities and institutions including UNESCO have been uploading videos of intangible heritage on YouTube, transforming this video-hosting service into a colossal user-generated archive of heritage. YouTube is not only an archive but also a living archive of intangible heritage: collections of intangible heritage are being continuously created by users, enabling this video-hosting service to capture and store diverse practices in their lived context. Through the case study of the Mevlevi Sema ceremony of Turkey, this study argues that the participatory nature of YouTube that captures intangible heritage in its lived context has the potential to disseminate heritage narratives that counter the gendered narratives put forward by nations states through UNESCO. The methodology of this research is interdisciplinary, combining performance studies, critical heritage studies, gender studies and social media with historical and contemporary research on the Mevlevi Sema ceremony. Theoretical and historical approaches are interconnected with an ethnography of a Sufi community in Istanbul and analyses of YouTube videos.
‘Postcolonial Islam’ thought and rapped: Abd al Malik’s Révolution Pacifique from within the French nation
Authors: Spieser-Landes David 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Abd al Malik is a French rapper-writer born in 1975 of Congolese parents and raised throughout his childhood in a difficult neighbourhood of Strasbourg, France. While his family started out as Christian, his own spiritual journey took him through several stages of Islam: having, first of all, experienced first-hand the harsh reality of postcolonial France, i.e. living in the banlieue, he initially turned to religious extremism explicitly as a reaction to the postcolonial condition. Abd al Malik’s thinking through of postcoloniality, however, is, in the end, far from simple, as he eventually integrated into his art and discourse the extremely opposed-to-extremism principles of Sufism and, as in fact, even some very traditional principles of the French Republic, making the association between ‘Islam’ and ‘postcolonial’ interestingly complicated indeed. This article scrutinizes in particular two of his books, Qu’Allah bénisse la France (2004) and Le Dernier Français (2012), and examines them under the lens of Jacques Rancière’s ‘politics of aesthetics’ as a theoretical tool to better comprehend how Abd al Malik understands the link between Islam and the postcolonial as lying at the intersection of linguistics and politics.
‘I love you more’: An account of performing ziyarat in Iraq
Authors: Shannahan Dervla Zaynab 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article reflects on fieldwork experience of performing ziyarat in Iraq in May 2014. It offers an embodied account of ziyarat rituals and practices, and discusses re/construction. It emphasizes that existing literature on ziyarat practices in Iraq is minimal, as is recent research on the country. This article approaches ziyarat as a sociopolitical performance that may simultaneously function as an individual response to the Karbala experience. It draws on El-Aswad’s exploration of ‘invisible realities’ and the ‘different logic’ of spiritual love in structuring Shia’ah ritual, and rapper Sulaiman’s use of ‘extreme love’ in understanding Islamic history. The approach follows on from Al-Adeeb’s work, and Al-Mohammad and Peluso’s call for attention to how creative and spiritual practices, and everyday experiences, can enhance our understanding of the continuation of life in Iraq. Five months since this research was conducted, the conditions of life in Iraq and potential ziyarat experiences described have been changed by the security situation and ISIS. This article must therefore be read as recent research that may have already become history.
Evaporative Weathering of Diluted Bitumen Films
Authors: Yarranton Harvey , Motahhari Hamad Reza , Schoeggl Florian , Zhou John (Zhihong) 
Published: July 2015

Summary
One of the issues for the pipeline transportation of diluted bitumen (dilbit) is the fate and behaviour of the dilbit if it is spilled in freshwater systems; in particular, the evaporation rate and the change in physical properties of the film after evaporation and exposure to water (weathering). In this study, the evaporative weathering of dilbit Cold Lake Winter Blend (CLWB) and light crude oil Alberta Sweet Blend (ASB) films were compared. Evaporation rates were measured for films on glass over time (up to 30 days) at different air-flow rates and at temperatures of 5, 15, and 25C. The solvent content, density, and viscosity of the films were measured after different weathering times. A second set of tests at 15C was performed on both dilbit and light-crudeoil films on water. As expected, the mass-transfer rate increased with increasing temperature and decreasing film thickness in all cases. The evaporation of the dilbit was found to be limited by the diffusion rate of the lighter components through the film while that of the light crude oil was limited by convective mass transfer to the air above. The density and viscosity of both the CLWB and ASB films correlated to the amount of evaporated material at all conditions examined, including different film thicknesses, temperatures, and air-flow rates. It appears that the volatile components evaporate in the same order at any conditions; therefore, film composition, density, and viscosity are only functions of the amount evaporated. The evaporation rates, density, and viscosity of CLWB and ASB films weathered over water were identical to those corresponding films weathered on glass, within the error of the measurements; that is, contact with still water had no effect on weathering.
WORK CONTENT IN THE NIGERIAN CIVIL SERVICE AND ITS IMPLICATION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Justine Igbokwe-Ibeto Chinyeaka , Okere Sam-Okere Justina 
Published: July 2015

<p><em>Civil service is the major instrument through which government; federal, state or local manage development. However, Nigerian civil service has for long been engulfed with poor service delivery. Reforms in the civil service have often centered on structure and deemphasized work content. Specifically, attention is paid to the powers of officials, inter-unit conflict, and delegation of authority, training and accountability. Regardless of emphasis on these factors, work in the civil service remains dull, slow, and monotonous, and a high degree of employee idleness is nothing to write home about. Within the framework of labour productivity theory and using primary data collected from highly-skilled professionals in three states of South-East Nigeria. The paper concludes that the conspicuous lack of activity among many civil service employees’ is primarily a function of low work content in service occasioned by overstaffing. To achieve sustainable development in Nigeria, job enrichment and decongestion of the civil service by alternative employment (DAE) is therefore recommended. </em></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Filaments on the Western Iberian Margin: A modeling study
Authors: Cordeiro Nuno G. F. , Nolasco Rita , Cordeiro‐Pires Ana , Barton Eric D. , Dubert Jesus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCoastal upwelling filaments off the Western Iberian Margin, detected in AVHRR satellite imagery and in a realistic ROMS simulation of sea surface temperature, were studied in the upwelling seasons (May–October) of 2001–2010. Sea surface temperature data were retrieved from AVHRR satellite imagery and from a realistic ROMS numerical simulation. The development and variability of the observed filaments were characterized and analyzed during each upwelling season of the 10 year period. Filaments were generally found anchored to the main bathymetric and coastal features but off the more regular northern coast of the Western Iberian Margin their locations were more variable. The results from the modeling analysis reproduced well the general features of filament development. Moreover results of model and observation showed very similar characteristics as those found in the earlier study of Haynes et al. (1993). The model output was used to relate filament patterns, eddy activity, and wind forcing. There was a clear relation between upwelling‐favorable wind strength and number and length of filaments, although the relation was weaker in the north of the region. Model filaments were clearly related to eddies only during periods of weak winds. The filament detection method was also applied to a climatologically forced ROMS simulation, which reproduced only gross features of the observed and interannually forced model filament development. This suggests that direct wind forcing and its spatial structure are highly important.
Contribution of transpiration and evaporation to precipitation: An ET‐Tagging study for the Poyang Lake region in Southeast China
Authors: Wei Jianhui , Knoche Hans Richard , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this study, a regional climate model‐based evapotranspiration tagging (ET‐Tagging) algorithm has been applied for the first time over Southeast China. Fifteen month simulations (October 2004 to December 2005) were performed to investigate where and to which extent the tagged evapotranspired water from the Poyang Lake region returns to the land surface as precipitation. The contributions of direct evaporation and transpiration were estimated separately using an extended ET‐Tagging partitioning algorithm. In 2005, the contribution of moisture originating from the Poyang Lake region to the local annual precipitation in Southeast China reaches a value of up to 1.2%. A maximum contribution of 6% is found near the Poyang Lake region in August. In 2005, 69% of total tagged precipitation originates from direct evaporation of water whereas 31% from transpiration. In winter, precipitation originating from transpired moisture only accounts for around 10% of the total tagged precipitation, but in the summer season the contribution of transpiration increases up to 50%. To explore the source‐target relations under consideration of the respective precipitation regime, we introduce source‐specific precipitation efficiencies. For the period under investigation, the efficiency for direct evaporation generally dominates, except during the comparatively dry August and in the winter months. Our study shows that the location and the magnitude of tagged precipitation show large spatial and temporal variations. The comprehensive interactions between land surface characteristics and synoptic weather conditions control the annual cycle of the individual contributions to precipitation, emphasizing the important impacts of vegetation cover and land use on the atmospheric hydrological cycle.
Spectral parameters estimation in precipitation for 50 MHz band atmospheric radars
Authors: Gan Tong , Yamamoto Masayuki K. , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Okamoto Hajime , Yamamoto Mamoru 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFifty megahertz band atmospheric radars (ARs) can detect clear air echoes and hydrometeor echoes simultaneously. However, in order to calculate spectral parameters (i.e., echo power, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width) of the clear air echo accurately, the clear air echo must be separated from the hydrometeor echo well. In this study, we propose methods (top method and two‐echo method) for calculating the spectral parameters in precipitation region. The top method is used when raindrops or solid hydrometeors with small echo intensities exist. The top method sets an echo cut level by using the peak intensity of the clear air echo. The echo cut level is used for separating clear air echoes from hydrometeor echoes. The two‐echo method is used when solid hydrometeors with large echo intensities exist. The two‐echo method sets the echo cut level by using the local minimum of echo intensity between the clear air echo and the hydrometeor echo. Measurement results obtained by the vertical beam of the middle and upper atmosphere radar during a precipitation event on 26 October 2009 were used for evaluating the performance of the top and two‐echo methods. The echo cut levels of the top and two‐echo methods were determined from numerical simulation. The measurement results demonstrate that the top and two‐echo methods are useful for reducing errors of spectral parameters.