bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ray‐tracing domain decomposition methods for real‐time simulation on multi‐core and multi‐processor systems
Authors: Magoulès Frédéric , Gbikpi‐Benissan Guillaume , Callet Patrick 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis paper describes the use of domain decomposition methods for accelerating wave physics simulation. Numerical wave‐based methods provide more accurate simulation than geometrical methods, but at a higher computation cost as well. In the context of virtual reality, the quality of the results is estimated according to human perception, what makes geometrical methods an interesting approach for achieving real‐time physically‐based rendering. Here, we investigate a geometrical method based on both beams and rays tracing, which we enhance by two levels of parallel processing. Techniques from domain decomposition methods are coupled with classical parallel computing on both shared and distributed memory. Both optic and acoustic renderings are experimented to evaluate the acceleration impact of the domain decomposition scheme. Speedup measurements clearly show the efficiency of using domain decomposition methods for real‐time simulation of wave physics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A science data gateway for environmental management
Authors: Agarwal Deborah A. , Faybishenko Boris , Freedman Vicky L. , Krishnan Harinarayan , Kushner Gary , Lansing Carina , Porter Ellen , Romosan Alexandru , Shoshani Arie , Wainwright Haruko , Weidmer Arthur , Wu Kesheng 
Published: October 2015

SummaryScience data gateways are effective in providing complex science data collections to the world‐wide user communities. In this paper we describe a gateway for the Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Management (ASCEM) framework. Built on top of established web service technologies, the ASCEM data gateway is specifically designed for environmental modeling applications. Its key distinguishing features include (1) handling of complex spatiotemporal data, (2) offering a variety of selective data access mechanisms, (3) providing state‐of‐the‐art plotting and visualization of spatiotemporal data records, and (4) integrating seamlessly with a distributed workflow system using a RESTful interface. ASCEM project scientists have been using this data gateway since 2011. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of numerical linear algebra algorithms in dynamic fixed‐point format: a case study of Lanczos tridiagonalization
Authors: Pradhan Tapan , Kabi Bibek , Mohanty Ramanarayan , Routray Aurobinda 
Published: October 2015

SummaryProper range and precision analysis play an important role in the development of fixed‐point algorithms for embedded system applications. Numerical linear algebra algorithms used to find singular value decomposition of symmetric matrices are suitable for signal and image‐processing applications. These algorithms have not been attempted much in fixed‐point arithmetic. The reason is wide dynamic range of data and vulnerability of the algorithms to round‐off errors. For any real‐time application, the range of the input matrix may change frequently. This poses difficulty for constant and variable fixed‐point formats to decide on integer wordlengths during float‐to‐fixed conversion process because these formats involve determination of integer wordlengths before the compilation of the program. Thus, these formats may not guarantee to avoid overflow for all ranges of input matrices. To circumvent this problem, a novel dynamic fixed‐point format has been proposed to compute integer wordlengths adaptively during runtime. Lanczos algorithm with partial orthogonalization, which is a tridiagonalization step in computation of singular value decomposition of symmetric matrices, has been taken up as a case study. The fixed‐point Lanczos algorithm is tested for matrices with different dimensions and condition numbers along with image covariance matrix. The accuracy of fixed‐point Lanczos algorithm in three different formats has been compared on the basis of signal‐to‐quantization‐noise‐ratio, number of accurate fractional bits, orthogonality and factorization errors. Results show that dynamic fixed‐point format either outperforms or performs on par with constant and variable formats. Determination of fractional wordlengths requires minimization of hardware cost subject to accuracy constraint. In this context, we propose an analytical framework for deriving mean‐square‐error or quantization noise power among Lanczos vectors, which can serve as an accuracy constraint for wordlength optimization. Error is found to propagate through different arithmetic operations and finally accumulate in the last Lanczos vector. It is observed that variable and dynamic fixed‐point formats produce vectors with lesser round‐off error than constant format. All the three fixed‐point formats of Lanczos algorithm have been synthesized on Virtex 7 field‐programmable gate array using Vivado high‐level synthesis design tool. A comparative study of resource usage and power consumption is carried out. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of realistic sea surface movements in achieving full‐view coverage camera sensor network
Authors: Manoufali Mohamed , Kong Peng‐Yong , Jimaa Shihab 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn stationary camera sensor networks (CSNs), when the deployment characteristics and sensing models are defined, the coverage can be deduced and remain unchanged over time. However, in the maritime environment, the rough and random sea condition can move CSN from the initial location. We envisage that camera sensors are mounted on quasi‐mobile platforms such as buoys. Hence, it is important to understand the effect of realistic sea surface movements in achieving full‐view coverage because in full‐view coverage, target's facing direction is taken into account to judge whether a target is guaranteed to be captured because image shot at the frontal viewpoint of a given target considerably increases the possibility to detect and recognize the target. To accurately emulate the maritime environment, the movement of the buoy, which is attached with a cable that is nailed at the sea floor, has been characterized based on the sea wave that is created by the wind, and it is limited by the cable. The average percentage of full‐view coverage has been evaluated based on different parameters such as equilateral triangle grid length, sensing radius of camera, wind speed and wave height. Furthermore, a method to improve the target detection and recognition has been proposed in the presence of poor link quality using cooperative transmission with low power consumption. In some parameter scenario, the cooperative transmission method has achieved around 70% improvement in the average percentage of full‐view coverage of a given target and total reduction of around 13% for the total transmission power PTotal(Q). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What does the recent literature add to the identification and investigation of fractures in child abuse: an overview of review updates 2005–2013
Authors: Maguire Sabine , Cowley Laura , Mann Mala , Kemp Alison 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground:Fractures are a manifestation of physical abuse and common accidental injuries. Distinguishing which fractures are indicative of abuse and optimizing the identification of occult fractures are the challenges.Objectives:To identify additional studies published since our original systematic reviews to address these two issues.Methods:An all‐language literature search of 14 databases was conducted for the years 2005–2013, using revised keywords. All studies underwent standardized critical appraisal by two independent reviewers, applying quality criteria relating to the confirmation of child abuse, exclusion of abuse and quality of skeletal survey conducted. A meta‐analysis, stratified by age, was conducted to determine the predictive value for abuse of specific fractures by fitting a random effects model.Results:Twenty‐three studies addressed ‘radiological investigations’, and nine studies ‘fractures indicative of abuse’. Radiological studies reiterated that a single investigation (skeletal survey or radionuclide imaging ) will miss some abusive fractures; in 8.4–37.6% of children, the repeat skeletal survey added new information that influenced the child protection procedures. Debate continues as to the optimal images to include in the repeat skeletal survey. A meta‐analysis of femoral and humeral fractures by age highlighted that children younger than 18 months are significantly more likely to have sustained their fracture as a consequence of abuse, than those aged 1–4 years.Authors' Conclusions:Recent literature validates the original conclusions that repeat skeletal imaging adds important information on fractures. Comparative studies of femoral, humeral, rib and skull fractures enabled a meta‐analysis by age, however further comparative studies are needed.
Fast‐seeking control for two‐stage actuator system in optical disk drives
Authors: Okuyama Atsushi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new fast‐seeking control method for the two‐stage actuator system in an optical disk drive has been developed. Fast seeking is performed by means of velocity control in two modes. The lens velocity in the first mode, which is estimated using a multirate observer, is equal to the pickup unit velocity, and it is controlled in order to prevent the lens from vibrating. The lens velocity in the second mode is equal to the specified target velocity, and it is controlled in order to improve the laser‐spot positioning accuracy. A DVD‐ROM drive is tested to confirm that the control system we propose significantly improves the seeking capabilities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(3): 64–71, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21244
Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Heavy Metals by Use of Crown Ether‐modified Electrodes and Chemometrics
Authors: González‐Calabuig Andreu , Guerrero David , Serrano Núria , del Valle Manel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA three‐sensor array consisting of a graphite‐epoxy composite electrode (GEC), 4‐carboxybenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐GEC and 4‐carboxybenzo‐15‐crown‐5‐GEC was employed for the simultaneous determination of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Sensors were firstly studied for the determination of Hg(II); secondly, peak current responses confirmed that all sensors showed differentiated response for the three considered metals. A response model was developed to resolve mixtures of Cd(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II) at the µg L−1 level; Discrete Wavelet Transform was selected as preprocessing tool and artificial neural network used for the modelling of the obtained responses.
The Origins of Low‐Fracture Conductivity in Soft Shale Formations: An Experimental Study
Authors: Zou Yushi , Ma Xinfang , Zhang Shicheng , Zhou Tong , Ehlig‐Economides Christine , Li Han 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSufficient fracture conductivity must be sustained in fracture networks created by massive slickwater fracturing to continue the exploitation of ultralow‐permeability shale formations. However, unrealistic conductivity values obtained under ideal laboratory conditions are generally utilized for fracture designs. In this study, we outlined an experimental program to measure the conductivity of different possible fracture patterns in the fracture network, such as standard smooth fractures and shear fractures, with varying amounts of proppant and placement patterns. The results show that low‐conductivity fractures are likely to form in a soft shale. The high roughness and shear displacement of fracture surfaces improve conductivity. However, the crushing degree of the surface asperities is high for soft shale, which reduces the self‐supporting capability of the fracture. The conductivity values under ideal proppant‐placement conditions are overestimated substantially.
Use of Surfactants for Continuous Operation of Aqueous Electrochemical Flow Capacitors
Authors: Lee Juhan , Weingarth Daniel , Grobelsek Ingrid , Presser Volker 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC) is a novel design for supercapacitor technologies. To avoid misinterpretation arising from non‐flow analytical methods, we have investigated an EFC system under continuous flow conditions. Several different surfactants were introduced as modifiers to activated carbon in an aqueous electrolyte with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). A significant reduction in viscosity was found by adding sodium lignosulfonate, and as a consequence, a maximum volumetric capacitance of 26 F cm−3 was achieved for the EFC system. A steady performance of the EFC system was observed for 200 h in terms of the specific capacitance (90±5 F g−1); however, degradation in the power performance was observed. Membrane fouling was confirmed to be the major contributor to the power degradation, and a cleaning process using water was developed to partially restore the initial performance (≈70 %).
Channel response to an extreme flood and sediment pulse in a mixed bedrock and gravel‐bed river
Authors: Nelson Andrew , Dubé Kathy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe exploit a natural experiment caused by an extreme flood (~500 year recurrence interval) and sediment pulse derived from more than 2500 concurrent landslides to explore the influence of valley‐scale geomorphic controls on sediment slug evolution and the impact of sediment pulse passage and slug deposition and dispersion on channel stability and channel form. Sediment slug movement is a crucial process that shapes gravel‐bed rivers and alluvial valleys and is an important mechanism of downstream bed material transport. Further, increased bed material transport rates during slug deposition can trigger channel responses including increases in lateral mobility, channel width, and alluvial bar dominance.Pre‐ and post‐flood LiDAR and aerial photographs bracketing the 2007 flood on the Chehalis River in south‐western Washington State, USA, document the channel response with high spatial and temporal definition. The sediment slug behaved as a Gilbert Wave, with both channel aggradation and sequestration of large volumes of material in floodplains of headwaters' reaches and reaches where confined valleys enter into broad alluvial valleys. Differences between the valley form of two separate sub‐basins impacted by the pulse highlight the important role channel and channel‐floodplain connectivity play in governing downstream movement of sediment slug material.Finally, channel response to the extreme flood and sediment pulse illustrate the connection between bed material transport and channel form. Specifically, the channel widened, lateral channel mobility increased, and the proportion of the active channel covered by bars increased in all reaches in the study area. The response scaled tightly with the relative amount of bed material sediment transport through individual reaches, indicating that the amount of morphological change caused by the flood was conditioned by the simultaneous introduction of a sediment pulse to the channel network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pesticides in blood from spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) downstream of banana plantations in Costa Rica
Authors: Grant Paul B.C. , Woudneh Million B. , Ross Peter S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) are fish-eating crocodilians that inhabit freshwater habitat in tropical regions of the Americas. To assess the exposure of caiman to pesticides from banana plantations, the authors collected whole blood samples (30 mL) from 14 adult caiman that were captured in the North Atlantic region of Costa Rica. Blood samples were analyzed for 70 legacy- and current-use pesticides and breakdown products using newly developed ultra-trace, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Caiman accumulated pesticides ranked by concentration as dieldrin &gt; permethrin &gt; mirex &gt; 4,4′-DDE &gt; alpha-endosulfan &gt; heptachlor epoxide &gt; oxychlordane &gt; heptachlor &gt; cypermethrin. Caiman within the high-intensity banana crop watershed of Rio Suerte had higher pesticide burdens relative to other more remote locations (F = 12.79; p = 0.00). Pesticide concentration decreased with distance from upstream banana plantations in this river system (F = 20.76; p = 0.00). Caiman body condition was negatively correlated with total pesticide concentrations (F = 6.23; p = 0.02) and with proximity to banana plantations (F = 5.05; p = 0.04). This suggests that either pesticides elicited toxic effects in caiman, resulting in diminished overall health, or that the quantity or quality of their prey was reduced by pesticides downstream of plantation waterways. The authors' results indicate that pesticide use in banana plantations is impacting a high trophic level species inhabiting one of the most important wilderness areas in Costa Rica (Tortuguero National Park). Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2576–2583. © 2013 SETAC
Two new spontaneous hybrids of American hard pines from Pinus sect. Trifoliae (Pinaceae) found in the unique Russian Sochi Arboretum
Authors: Businský Roman 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the 1990s, an extraordinarily abundant live collection of the genus Pinus, including 49 species, 4 subspecies, and 7 interspecific hybrids, found in the Sochi Arboretum in Russia on the northeast coast of the Black Sea, was taxonomically revised. Among these taxa, two previously unknown interspecific hybrids of American hard pine species from P. sect. Trifoliae had arisen spontaneously in culture. These are described here as the new hybrid species Pinus × transamericana (P. muricata × P. rigida) and Pinus × critchfieldii (P. patula × P. taeda). All known natural or artificial interspecific hybrids within P. sect. Trifoliae are listed, and hybridization between American hard pine species is discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling sediment transport over partially non‐erodible bottoms
Authors: Rulot F. , Dewals B.J. , Erpicum S. , Archambeau P. , Pirotton M. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYIn‐depth‐averaged and cross‐section‐averaged morphodynamic models, based on explicit time integration, it may happen that the computed bed level becomes lower than the top level of a non‐erodible layer (e.g. concrete, bedrock or armoured layer). This is a standard pitfall, which has been addressed in different ways. In this paper, we present an original approach for avoiding computation of non‐physical bed levels, using an iterative procedure to correct the outward sediment fluxes. The procedure is shown to be computationally efficient while it achieves a high accuracy in terms of mass conservation. We compare our original approach with the existing Struiksma's method and with a reformulation of the problem in terms of mathematical optimization of a linear or nonlinear objective function under linear constraints.The new procedure has been incorporated into an existing finite volume morphodynamic model. It has been validated with several 1D benchmarks leading to configurations with sediment transport over non‐erodible bottom. The computation time has been verified not to increase by more than 15% compared with runs without non‐erodible bottom. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameters affecting mineral trapping of CO2 sequestration in brines
Authors: Liu Qi , Maroto‐Valer M. Mercedes 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCarbon dioxide sequestration using brines has emerged as a promising technology to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change due to its large storage capacity and favorable chemistries. However, the permanent storage of CO2 in brines takes significantly long periods of time as the formation of carbonates is very slow. This review focuses on the four main parameters (brine composition, brine pH, system temperature, and pressure) that have been reported to have a major effect on mineral trapping of CO2 sequestration in brines. These parameters are difficult to control for in situ underground CO2 sequestration. However, understanding the effects of these main parameters is useful for both aboveground and underground carbonation reactions. Brine pH is the most important parameter. The precipitation of carbonate minerals is favored over a basic pH of 9.0. In order to promote the formation of carbonates, brine pH could be enhanced by using additives. System temperature has a greater effect than pressure. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Toward a Humane Death with Dementia
Authors: Dresser Rebecca 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this issue, Paul Menzel and M. Colette Chandler‐Cramer propose a novel advance directive. Besides giving competent people the opportunity to refuse future life‐prolonging medical interventions, they say, advance directives should give people the opportunity to refuse ordinary food and water if they later experience severe dementia.This proposal is both appealing and unsettling. It is appealing because it offers some relief to people seeking to avoid the prolonged decline and extreme incapacity they have witnessed in relatives and friends with advanced dementia. But does it sufficiently protect patients? Menzel and Chandler‐Cramer want to empower competent persons to impose potential discomfort and distress on a later self who cannot understand the reasons for that choice. In this situation, the price of respecting autonomy is paid by a frail incapacitated patient who has no idea why food and water are no longer offered to her.
Differential hippocampal shapes in posterior cortical atrophy patients: A comparison with control and typical AD subjects
Authors: Manning Emily N. , Macdonald Kate E. , Leung Kelvin K. , Young Jonathan , Pepple Tracey , Lehmann Manja , Zuluaga Maria A. , Cardoso M. Jorge , Schott Jonathan M. , Ourselin Sebastien , Crutch Sebastian , Fox Nick C. , Barnes Josephine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPosterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by predominant visual deficits and parieto‐occipital atrophy, and is typically associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In AD, assessment of hippocampal atrophy is widely used in diagnosis, research, and clinical trials; its utility in PCA remains unclear. Given the posterior emphasis of PCA, we hypothesized that hippocampal shape measures may give additional group differentiation information compared with whole‐hippocampal volume assessments. We investigated hippocampal volume and shape in subjects with PCA (n = 47), typical AD (n = 29), and controls (n = 48). Hippocampi were outlined on MRI scans and their 3D meshes were generated. We compared hippocampal volume and shape between disease groups. Mean adjusted hippocampal volumes were ∼8% smaller in PCA subjects (P < 0.001) and ∼22% smaller in tAD subject (P < 0.001) compared with controls. Significant inward deformations in the superior hippocampal tail were observed in PCA compared with controls even after adjustment for hippocampal volume. Inward deformations in large areas of the hippocampus were seen in tAD subjects compared with controls and PCA subjects, but only localized shape differences remained after adjusting for hippocampal volume. The shape differences observed, even allowing for volume differences, suggest that PCA and tAD are each associated with different patterns of hippocampal tissue loss that may contribute to the differential range and extent of episodic memory dysfunction in the two groups. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5123–5136, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.