bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of infectious diseases in cat shelters
Authors: Möstl Karin , Egberink Herman , Addie Diane , Frymus Tadeusz , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Truyen Uwe , Hartmann Katrin , Lutz Hans , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Radford Alan D , Lloret Albert , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Hosie Margaret J , Marsilio Fulvio , Thiry Etienne , Belák Sándor , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Recommendations are given in relation to infectious diseases in rescue shelters. The ABCD recognises that there is a wide variation in the design and management of shelters, and that these largely reflect local pressures. These guidelines are written with this diverse audience in mind; they point to the ideal, and also provide for some level of compromise where this ideal cannot immediately be attained. In addition consideration should be given to general requirements in order to optimise overall health and wellbeing of cats within the shelter. Housing: Compartmentalisation of the shelter into at least three individual sections (quarantine area for incoming cats, isolation facilities for sick or potentially infectious cats, and accommodation for clinically healthy, retrovirus-negative cats) can facilitate containment of a disease outbreak, should it occur. Standard of care: Incoming cats should receive a full health check by a veterinary surgeon, should be dewormed and tested for retrovirus infections (feline leukaemia virus [FeLV] and/or feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV]) in regions with high prevalence and in shelters that allow contact between cats. Cats which are not rehomed should receive a regular veterinary check-up at intervals recommended by their veterinarian. Vaccination: Each cat should be vaccinated as soon as possible against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV) infections. Hygiene: Adequate hygiene conditions should ensure that contact between shedders of infectious agents and susceptible animals is reduced as efficiently as possible by movement control, hygiene procedures of care workers, barrier nursing, cleaning and disinfection. Stress reduction: Stress reduction is important for overall health and for minimising the risk of recrudescence and exacerbation of infectious diseases. In general, a special effort should be made to rehome cats as soon as possible.
Bartonella Species Infection in Cats
Authors: Pennisi Maria Grazia , Marsilio Fulvio , Hartmann Katrin , Lloret Albert , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Over 22 Bartonella species have been described in mammals, and Bartonella henselae is most common worldwide. Cats are the main reservoir for this bacterium. B henselae is the causative agent of cat scratch disease in man, a self-limiting regional lymphadenopathy, but also of other potentially fatal disorders in immunocompromised people. Infection: B henselae is naturally transmitted among cats by the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis, or by flea faeces. A cat scratch is the common mode of transmission of the organism to other animals, including humans. Blood transfusion also represents a risk. Disease signs: Most cats naturally infected by B henselae do not show clinical signs but cardiac (endocarditis, myocarditis) or ocular (uveitis) signs may be found in sporadic cases. B vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii infection has reportedly caused lameness in a cat affected by recurrent osteomyelitis and polyarthritis. Diagnosis: Isolation of the bacterium is the gold standard, but because of the high prevalence of infection in healthy cats in endemic areas, a positive culture (or polymerase chain reaction) is not confirmatory. Other compatible diagnoses must be ruled out and response to therapy gives a definitive diagnosis. Serology (IFAT or ELISA) is more useful for exclusion of the infection because of the low positive predictive value (39–46%) compared with the good negative predictive value (87–97%). Laboratory testing is required for blood donors. Disease management: Treatment is recommended in the rare cases where Bartonella actually causes disease.
Sporotrichosis in cats
Authors: Lloret Albert , Hartmann Katrin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Ferrer Lluis , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Sporotrichosis is an important subcutaneous fungal infection of humans and animals in some endemic tropical and subtropical areas. Among domestic species, cats are the most frequently infected. Infection: The primary mode of transmission is traumatic inoculation of fungal conidia from plants and soil. Contact with infected cats is the major mode of transmission to humans, especially in endemic areas like Brazil, where a large epidemic has occurred in the past decade. Disease signs: Most cases in cats are cutaneous, presenting as multiple ulcerated nodules and draining tracts in the skin. Lymphadenopathy, respiratory signs and systemic dissemination may also occur. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on fungal detection by cytology and/or histology, and confirmation by culture. Treatment: Treatment consists of at least 2 months’ systemic antifungal therapy, with itraconazole as the first-choice agent. The prognosis is favourable provided there is good owner compliance and adverse drug effects do not occur. Prevention: Contact with infected cats carries a high zoonotic risk. Cat owners travelling to endemic areas should be warned and advised to keep their cats indoors to prevent infection. Professionals must wear gloves when handling cats with skin nodules and ulcers and dealing with diagnostic samples.
Rare systemic mycoses in cats: blastomycosis, histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Lloret Albert , Hartmann Katrin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Ferrer Lluis , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Rare fungal infections, including those hitherto not reported in Europe, may occur sporadically in non-endemic areas, or imported cases may be seen. Infections: Blastomycosis is mainly seen in North America; no cases have been reported in Europe. Histoplasmosis, which is endemic in the eastern US, Central and South America, has been diagnosed in Japan and Europe. Coccidioidomycosis is endemic in the southwestern US, Central and South America; only one imported case has been reported in Europe. The primary mode of transmission is inhalation of conidia or spores from the environment. Disease signs: Most feline cases present with a combination of clinical signs (mainly respiratory, along with skin, eye, central nervous system and bone). Lymphadenopathy and systemic signs may be present. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on fungal detection by cytology and/or histology. Commercial laboratories do not routinely perform fungal culture. Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis, which is more difficult, may be supported by antibody detection. Treatment: Treatment consists of prolonged systemic antifungal therapy, with itraconazole as the first-choice agent for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. The prognosis is good if owner compliance is adequate and adverse drug effects do not occur. Prevention: Cat owners travelling to endemic areas should be warned about these diseases. There is no zoonotic risk.
Leishmaniosis in cats
Authors: Pennisi Maria Grazia , Hartmann Katrin , Lloret Albert , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C 
Published: June 2013

Overview: Leishmania infection is less known in cats than in dogs and humans; felids were traditionally considered a resistant species, and canids as the main reservoir. Only sporadic cases of feline disease have been reported worldwide, mainly caused by L infantum. Epidemiological investigations have confirmed, however, that feline infections are not rare and that disease occurrence might be underestimated in endemic areas. Infection: Cats are infected by the same Leishmania species that infect dogs and humans in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Sand fly vectors take blood meals from cats and are competent vectors for L infantum, as shown experimentally. Disease signs: Skin lesions (ulcerative, crusty, nodular or scaly dermatitis) are the most frequent clinical manifestations and sometimes the only findings on physical examination. Lymph node enlargement, weight loss, ocular involvement (nodular blepharitis, uveitis, panophthalmitis), decreased appetite, chronic gingivostomatitis and lethargy are the most frequent non-cutaneous findings, alone or in combination. Diagnosis: Direct confirmation can be obtained by cytology, histology, isolation or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on samples of skin, lymph nodes, blood or any affected tissue. Serology using a validated immunofluorescence test, ELISA, direct agglutination or Western blot has been used to assess infection frequencies. Disease management: Little information is available about treatment with follow-up reports. Long-term administration of allopurinol (10–20 mg/kg q12h or q24h) is usually clinical effective. Vaccines are licensed for dogs only.
Designing an explanatory practice framework: Local food systems as a case
Authors: Crivits Maarten , Paredis Erik 
Published: June 2013

This article elaborates an explanatory framework for the role of consumption practices in transitions to (enhanced) sustainability in the food system. To develop an applied practice approach we combine the concept of ‘practice’ with that of ‘niche/regime’, adopted from contemporary sociology and transitions theory, respectively. This re-combination adds to the field of applied consumption research and describes consumption beyond the boundaries of individualist and structuralist models, as well as integrates a conceptualization of the a-linear reproduction of aligning and competing consumer practices. We illustrate the methodology by showing its application drawing on data of a niche in the Belgian food system. Elaborating on the social practice model based on Giddens ((1984) The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press), Bourdieu (( 1976 ) Outline of a Theory of Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press) and Spaargaren and Van Vliet (( 2000 ) Lifestyles, consumption and the environment: The ecological modernisation of domestic consumption. Environmental Politics 9(1): 50–76), we designate a three-tiered framework that endeavours to describe consumption practices in terms of everyday routines and habits, integrating an agency perspective with a dual perspective on structure. Consumer interviews and focus groups combined with a system analysis of the context of the alternative food practice allowed a schematization of what it implies to be a carrier of the niche practice. The practice schematizations of this niche are then considered vis-à-vis a schematization of the regime practice. The comparison shows two essential aspects: it points out that (1) although qualitative and systemic differences are found between niche and mainstream practices, in both cases the perception of the carriers (i.e. consumers) on what they need to do is to an equal extent normalized, and (2) empirical results indicate that central conceptions in the contemporary food consumption discourse, such as convenience, can in real life be redrawn by entirely different sets of interconnected routines. We reflect on the methodology and give suggestions as to how consumption governance could orientate towards practices as complementary to the traditional focus on individual consumer behaviour and consumer norm targets.
Cultural fit and ethnic background in the job interview
Authors: Bye Hege Høivik , Horverak Jøri Gytre , Sandal Gro Mjeldheim , Sam David Lackland , van de Vijver Fons JR 
Published: June 2013

Employing an experimental design, we investigated how Norwegian managers’ ( N = 78) evaluations and intended hiring decisions varied with job applicants’ ethnic background (immigrant vs. native Norwegian mainstreamer) and the degree to which the candidates’ self-presentation fitted Norwegian cultural norms (level of cultural fit). The participants viewed video clips of applicants whose ethnicity and self-presentation was manipulated. Irrespective of ethnic background, low cultural fit candidates were evaluated as less similar, less likable, less likely to perform well, and as more poorly fitting the managers’ organization. However, low and high cultural fit candidates were evaluated as exhibiting similar levels of person–job fit. Logistic regression analyses showed that low cultural fit candidates were about six times less likely to be hired than high cultural fit candidates. In practice, immigrant applicants are more likely to exhibit low cultural fit. It is concluded that emphasis on cultural fit could easily have a disproportionate effect on immigrants’ chances of being hired, notably if fit is not predictive of job performance.
Traumatic Migraine Versus Concussion
Authors: Lords Quinton , Greene Jeffery P. 
Published: June 2013

Context: An era of increased awareness of sports concussions may decrease a provider’s ability to diagnose the athlete’s actual condition and may ultimately prolong the restriction of the injured athlete from sports. Trauma-triggered migraine is a source of headaches, especially in athletes with a family history of migraines. Evidence Acquisition: Research articles were primarily obtained through the electronic database PubMed from 1993 to August 2012. Primary research parameters included trauma-induced headaches, trauma-induced migraines, and posttraumatic migraine. The secondary search parameters included concussions, migraine treatments, and traumatic migraine treatments. Study Design: Clinical review with case report. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: There are no symptoms that distinguish trauma-triggered migraines from concussions, as headache is the most common complaint for both conditions. There is a paucity of studies that offer treatment guidelines for athletes with recurring headaches after trauma sustained during sporting events. Preventive treatment of migraines has been validated and proven effective. Conclusion: Trauma-triggered migraine should be considered in the differential for recurrent trauma-induced headaches. There is a lack of research evaluating efficacy and side effects of treatment of trauma-triggered migraine, and no information was found directing when an athlete can safely return to play.
The Contribution of an Inter-disciplinary Approach to Studying Development
Authors: Hasnain Saba 
Published: June 2013

This article argues in favour of establishing complementary relations between different disciplines of studying development in order to reach the desired goal of human development. It also emphasises that due to separate line of actions of different sectors of social sciences, human development goals are far- reaching. Every discipline has significant contribution in the development policy discourse. However, interdependence of sociological, anthropological and economic factors that dominates the societal conduct cannot be undermined. On the other hand, every discipline has its limitations and integration is not easy to enforce owing to different epistemological foundations of methods of research. Therefore, collaborative approach is being suggested to share the same platform where every discipline has its say rather than imposing unlimited criticism on one another. Restructuring the developmental discourse framework is proposed in a more coherent fashion for better outcomes. The interdisciplinary research has now been perceived as a boon and its implementation across the various developmental policy formulations will generate more productive ideas and converting those ideas into action will undoubtedly improve the socio-economic status of the mankind. After all, the aim of development studies is result oriented not the discipline oriented.
The Water Crisis—Rethinking Water Governance
Authors: Nayar Vibhu 
Published: June 2013

The twenty-first century witnessed the unfolding of multiple water challenges and addressing these challenges will require a substantial shift in the way we manage our resources. The fundamental principles underlying any fruitful governance reform are: a) Inclusion, b) Sustainability and c) Institutional culture. 1. Inclusion is about identifying the unreached people in the society. 2. Sustainability has three dimensions a) Natural, b) Financial, c) Human Resources. As experienced in Tamil Nadu, a change management approach in the water sector, sustainable positive changes in financial aspects and human elements is achievable. The changed paradigm of water delivery was put into practice in 450 villages across Tamil Nadu by the Change Management Group of Engineers of the Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) who behaved as community members resulting in increased sense of involvement and ownership. 3. Finally, change is about transforming ‘Institutional Culture’. The officials of the ‘Change Management Group’ belonging to multiple departments associated with water in Tamil Nadu have collaborated to set up a ‘Centre of Excellence for Change Management (CECM)’ towards improving the service delivery of the critical resources with a Vision to ‘Secure Water and Food for all forever’.
Soluble Neural-cadherin as a novel biomarker for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors
Authors: Niimi Rui , Matsumine Akihiko , Iino Takahiro , Nakazora Shigeto , Nakamura Tomoki , Uchida Atsumasa , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Neural-cadherin (N-cadherin) is one of the most important molecules involved in tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Recently, the cleavage of N-cadherin has become a focus of attention in the field of cancer biology. Cadherin and their ectodomain proteolytic shedding play important roles during cancer progression. The aims of this study are to investigate the serum soluble N-cadherin (sN-CAD) levels in patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of the sN-CAD levels.

Methods
We examined the level of serum sN-CAD using an ELISA in 80 malignant bone and soft tissue tumors (bone sarcoma, n = 23; soft tissue sarcoma, n = 50; metastatic cancer, n = 7) and 87 normal controls. The mean age of the patients was 51 years (range, 10–85 years) and the mean follow-up period was 43 months (range, 1–115 months).

Results
The median serum sN-CAD level was 1,267 ng/ml (range, 135–2,860 ng/ml) in all patients. The mean serum sN-CAD level was 1,269 ng/ml (range, 360–2,860 ng/ml) in sarcoma patients, otherwise 1,246 ng/ml (range, 135–2,140 ng/ml) in cancer patients. The sN-CAD levels in patient were higher than those found in the controls, who had a median serum level of 108 ng/ml (range, 0–540 ng/ml). The patients with tumors larger than 5 cm had higher serum sN-CAD levels than the patients with tumors smaller than 5 cm. The histological grade in the patients with higher serum sN-CAD levels was higher than that in the patients with lower serum sN-CAD levels. A univariate analysis demonstrated that the patients with higher serum sN-CAD levels showed a worse disease-free survival rate, local recurrence-free survival rate, metastasis-free survival rate, and overall survival rate compared to those with lower serum sN-CAD levels. In the multivariate analysis, sN-CAD was an independent factor predicting disease-free survival.

Conclusions
sN-CAD is a biomarker for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, and a potentially valuable pre-therapeutic prognostic factor in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma.
Risk of bladder cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: an updated meta-analysis of 36 observational studies
Authors: Zhu Zhaowei , Wang Xianjin , Shen Zhoujun , Lu Yingli , Zhong Shan , Xu Chen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence suggests that a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) may be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to explore this relationship.

Methods
We identified studies by a literature search of Medline (from 1 January 1966) and EMBASE (from 1 January 1974), through 29 February 2012, and by searching the reference lists of pertinent articles. Summary relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random-effects model.

Results
A total of 36 studies (9 case–control studies, 19 cohort studies and 8 cohort studies of patients with diabetes) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Analysis of all studies showed that DM was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (the summary RR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.17–1.56, p < 0.001, I2 = 94.7%). In analysis stratified by study design, diabetes was positively associated with risk of bladder cancer in case–control studies (RR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.13-1.86, p = 0.005, I2 = 63.8%) and cohort studies (RR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.62, p < 0.001, I2 = 94.3%), but not in cohort studies of diabetic patients (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.86–1.81, p < 0.001, I2 = 97.4%). The RRs of bladder cancer were 1.38 (1.08-1.78) for men and 1.38 (0.90-2.10) for women with diabetes, respectively. Noteworthy, the relative risk of bladder cancer was negatively correlated with the duration of DM, with the higher risk of bladder cancer found among patients diagnosed within less than 5 years.

Conclusions
These findings support the hypothesis that men with diabetes have a modestly increased risk of bladder cancer, while women with diabetes were not the case.