bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QSPR STUDY OF RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLOROPRENE RUBBER ACCELERATORS
Authors: Todeschini Roberto , Consonni Viviana , Ballabio Davide , Mauri Andrea , Cassotti Matteo , Lee Stuart , West Andrew , Cartlidge David 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn this preliminary study, mathematical models based on Quantitative Structure Property Relationships (QSPR) were applied in order to analyze how molecular structure of chloroprene rubber accelerators relates to their rheological and mechanical properties. QSPR models were developed in order to disclose which structural features mainly affect the mechanism of vulcanization. In such a way QSPR can help in a faster and more parsimonious design of new chloroprene rubber curative molecules. Regression mathematical models were calibrated on two rheological properties (scorch time and optimum cure time) and three mechanical properties (modulus 100%, hardness, and elongation at break). Models were calculated using experimental values of 14 accelerators belonging to diverse chemical classes and validated by means of different strategies. All the derived models gave a good degree of fitting (R2 values ranging from 84.5 to 98.7) and a satisfactory predictive power. Moreover, some hypotheses on the correlations between specific structural features and the analyzed rheological and mechanical properties were drawn. Owing to the relatively small set of accelerators used to calibrate the models, these hypotheses should be further investigated and proved.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BRANCHING ARCHITECTURE OF EPDM WITH HIGH CONTENT OF 5-VINYL-2-NORBORNENE AS THIRD MONOMER
Authors: Dullaert Konraad , van Doremaele Gerard , van Duin Martin , Dikland Herman 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
The branching architecture of high-molecular-weight EPDM polymers with high amounts of 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB) as a third monomer, produced using recently developed Keltan ACE™ technology, was assessed by means of the dilution rheology method proposed by Crosby et al.1 and compared with conventional Ziegler–Natta EPDM grades. First, the dilution rheology results were converted into a single convenient parameter, called the dilution slope. Next, by combining the dilution rheology results with gel permeation chromatography data and assuming trifunctional branching points, we calculated the volume fraction of the branched polymer, the average molecular weight between branching points, and the branching density. It is shown that the high-VNB polymers studied contained a significantly higher amount of branch-on-branch structures.
Determination of Catechins and Caffeine in Camillia sinensis Raw Materials, Extracts, and Dietary Supplements by HPLC-UV: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Roman Mark C , Hildreth Jana , Bannister Silvia 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A rapid method has been developed to quantify seven catechins and caffeine in green tea (Camillia sinensis) raw material and powdered extract, and dietary supplements containing green tea extract. The method utilizes RP HPLC with a phenyl-based stationary phase and gradient elution. Detection is by UV absorbance. The total run time, including column re-equilibration, is 13 min. Single-laboratory validation (SLV) has been performed on the method to determine the repeatability, accuracy, selectivity, LOD, LOQ, ruggedness, and linearity for (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, (–)-epicatechin gallate, (–)-epigallocatechin, (–)-gallocatechin gallate, (–)-epigallocatechin gallate, and (+)-gallocatechin, as well as caffeine. Repeatability precision and recovery results met AOAC guidelines for SLV studies for all catechins and caffeine down to a level of approximately 20 mg/g. Finished products containing high concentrations of minerals require the use of EDTA to prevent decomposition of the catechins.
Determination of Free Sulfites (SO3–2) in Dried Fruits Processed with Sulfur Dioxide by Ion Chromatography through Anion Exchange Column and Conductivity Detection
Authors: Liao Benjamin S , Sram Jacqueline C , Files Darin J 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A simple and effective anion ion chromatography (IC) method with anion exchange column and conductivity detector has been developed to determine free sulfites (SO3–2) in dried fruits processed with sulfur dioxide. No oxidation agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, is used to convert sulfites to sulfates for IC analysis. In addition, no stabilizing agent, such as formaldehyde, fructose or EDTA, is required during the sample extraction. This method uses aqueous 0.2 N NaOH as the solvent for standard preparation and sample extraction. The sulfites, either prepared from standard sodium sulfite powder or extracted from food samples, are presumed to be unbound SO3–2 in aqueous 0.2 N NaOH (pH &gt; 13), because the bound sulfites in the sample matrix are released at pH &gt; 10. In this study, sulfites in the standard solutions were stable at room temperature (i.e., 15–25°C) for up to 12 days. The lowest standard of the linear calibration curve is set at 1.59 μg/mL SO3–2 (equivalent to 6.36 μg/g sample with no dilution) for analysis of processed dried fruits that would contain high levels (&gt;1000 μg/g) of sulfites. As a consequence, this method typically requires significant dilution of the sample extract. Samples are prepared with a simple procedure of sample compositing, extraction with aqueous 0.2 N NaOH, centrifugation, dilution as needed, and filtration prior to IC. The sulfites in these sample extracts are stable at room temperature for up to 20 h. Using anion IC, the sulfites are eluted under isocratic conditions with 10 mM aqueous sodium carbonate solution as the mobile phase passing through an anion exchange column. The sulfites are easily separated, with an analysis run time of 18 min, regardless of the dried fruit matrix. Recoveries from samples spiked with sodium sulfites were demonstrated to be between 81 and 105% for five different fruit matrixes (apricot, golden grape, white peach, fig, and mango). Overall, this method is simple to perform and effective for the determination of high levels of sulfites in dried fruits.
Evaluation of the Culture Method NIHSJ-02 Alternative to ISO 10272-1:2006 for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Chicken: Collaborative Study
Authors: Momose Yoshika , Okada Yumiko , Asakura Hiroshi , Ekawa Tomoya , Masuda Kazuya , Matsuoka Hideaki , Yokoyama Keiko , Kai Akemi , Saito Shioko , Hiramatsu Reiji , Taguchi Masumi , Ishimura Katsuyuki , Tominaga Kiyoshi , Yahiro Shunsuke , Fujita Masahiro , Igimi Shizunobu ,   Collaborators:, Aikawa K , Asai N , Furukawa M , Harada S , Inoguchi Y , Itoh F , Konno T , Matsumoto M , Saito R , Sato M , Wada T , Yamaguchi K , Yoshida A 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
For the surveillance of the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in raw chicken products in Japan, a qualitative method, National Institute of Health Sciences Japan (NIHSJ)-02, was developed as an alternative to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10272-1:2006. In the NIHSJ-02 culture method, the enrichment step is carried out in a reduced volume of Preston broth at 42 ± 1°C to reduce cost and space, and to prevent the overgrowth of background bacteria. To evaluate the performance of NIHSJ-02, a collaborative study was conducted, and the results obtained by NIHSJ-02 were compared with those obtained using the reference method, ISO 10272-1:2006. Fifteen laboratories participated; each examined 48 minced chicken samples consisting of test samples uninoculated, inoculated with C. jejuni at a low or high level, and inoculated with C. coli at a low level. The average probabilities of detection by NIHSJ-02 across laboratories were 0.033, 0.222, 0.678, and 0.267 in samples uninoculated, inoculated with C. jejuni at a low and high level, and with C. coli at a low level, respectively. Those by ISO 10272-1:2006 were 0.051, 0.128, 0.551, and 0.090. Significantly higher probabilities of detection were determined by NIHSJ-02 compared to ISO 10272-1:2006, except for uninoculated samples. On the other hand, significantly lower frequency of occurrence of background bacteria was observed by NIHSJ-02 (43.1%) compared with ISO 10272-1:2006 (92.6%). NIHSJ-02 showed better performance than ISO 10272-1:2006 with regard to the selective detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in chicken.
Nestin Expression in End-Stage Disease in Dystrophin-Deficient Heart: Implications for Regeneration From Endogenous Cardiac Stem Cells
Authors: Berry Suzanne E. , Andruszkiewicz Peter , Chun Ju Lan , Hong Jun 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Nestin+ cardiac stem cells differentiate into striated cells following myocardial infarct. Transplantation of exogenous stem cells into myocardium of a murine model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) increased proliferation of endogenous nestin+ stem cells and resulted in the appearance of nestin+ striated cells. This correlated with, and may be responsible for, prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy. We examined nestin+ stem cells in the myocardium of dystrophin/utrophin-deficient (mdx/utrn−/−) mice, a model for DMD. We found that 92% of nestin+ interstitial cells expressed Flk-1, a marker present on cardiac progenitor cells that differentiate into the cardiac lineage, and that a subset expressed Sca-1, present on adult cardiac cells that become cardiomyocytes. Nestin+ interstitial cells maintained expression of Flk-1 but lost Sca-1 expression with age and were present in lower numbers in dystrophin-deficient heart than in wild-type heart. Unexpectedly, large clusters of nestin+ striated cells ranging in size from 20 to 250 cells and extending up to 500 μm were present in mdx/utrn−/− heart near the end stage of disease. These cells were also present in dystrophin-deficient mdx/utrn+/− and mdx heart but not wild-type heart. Nestin+ striated cells expressed cardiac troponin I, desmin, and Connexin 43 and correlated with proinflammatory CD68+ macrophages. Elongated nestin+ interstitial cells with striations were observed that did not express Flk-1 or the late cardiac marker cardiac troponin I but strongly expressed the early cardiac marker desmin. Nestin was also detected in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. These data indicate that new cardiomyocytes form in dystrophic heart, and nestin+ interstitial cells may generate them in addition to other cells of the cardiac lineage.
Scattering forces on magneto-dielectric particles and the electromagnetic momentum density
Authors: Marques M. I. , Saenz J. J. 
Published: September 2013

In this paper we analyze the non-conservative forces on magneto-dielectric particles in special configurations where the scattering force is not proportional to the average value of the Poynting vector. Based on these results, we revisit the concept of electromagnetic momentum density.
Lectotypification of <i>Acacia gardneri, A. obtecta, A. sparsiflora</i> and <i>A. whitei</i> (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae)
Authors: Kodela Phillip G 
Published: October 2013

This paper lectotypifies four Acacia species that were represented by a number of syntypes or confusing type
designations. Collections were examined at NSW and MEL, while mainly images and specimen data were
assessed for collections held elsewhere, including AD (data only), BM, BRI (data only), K, PERTH and US. The
location and assessment of herbarium specimens that potentially represented types was assisted by searching
records in Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (AVH 2013) and Global Plants (2013). The latter site enabled the
examination of images of a number of type specimens and their label details. Type citations by other authors
for these species were also addressed.
Effects of management and structural connectivity on the plant communities of organic vegetable field margins in South Korea
Authors: Kang Wanmo , Hoffmeister Mathias , Martin Emily A. , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Han Donguk , Lee Dowon 
Published: September 2013

AbstractField margins are an important component of the agri‐environment as they contribute to maintaining ecosystem functions and protecting biodiversity. Field margin structure, landscape attributes, and management practices have been examined as determinants of plant species diversity and composition for mainly cereal field margins; however, relatively little is known about their influence on vegetable field margins. We selected three types of field margins (each n = 4; non‐managed connected to forests, non‐managed isolated, and isolated and managed margins with mowing and organic herbicide) adjacent to organic vegetable crop fields and recorded the species richness and abundance of all vascular plants. The effects of structural connectivity, weed control management, and margin width on the community composition, species richness, and diversity were examined using multivariate statistical techniques. Plant community composition was clearly explained by structural connectivity between field margin and forest, as well as by weed control management. In contrast, species richness of functional guilds was influenced by connectivity and margin width, but not by weed control management. All communities had similar numbers of summer and fall blooming nectar‐ and pollen‐producing plants, an important source of pollination services. In addition, each community of field margin types, despite different species composition, had similar levels of Shannon diversity and evenness. Our results suggest that habitat arrangement is important for determining community composition in field margins. Management practices may be important in determining dominance patterns of individual species. A combination of various margin types and widths may be beneficial for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services.
Recovery of forest‐floor vegetation after a wildfire in a Picea mariana forest
Authors: Tsuyuzaki Shiro , Narita Kenji , Sawada Yuki , Harada Koichiro 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe aimed to detect the trajectories of forest‐floor vegetation recovery in a Picea mariana forest after a wildfire. Since fire severity in boreal forests is expected to increase because of climate changes, we investigated the effects of ground‐surface burn severity, a surrogate for overall fire severity, on the revegetation. We annually monitored vegetation <1.3 m high in 80 1 m × 1 m quadrats at Poker Flat Research Range (65°12′N, 147°46′W, 650 m a.s.l.) near Fairbanks, interior Alaska, where a large wildfire occurred in the summer of 2004, from 2005 to 2009. Sphagnum mosses were predominant on the unburned ground surface. In total, 66 % of the ground surface was burned completely by the wildfire. Total plant cover increased from 48 % in 2005 to 83 % in 2009. The increase was derived mostly by the vegetative reproduction of shrubs on the unburned surface and by the immigration of non‐Sphagnum mosses and deciduous trees on the burned surface. Deciduous trees, which had not been established before the wildfire, colonized only on the burned surface and grew faster than P. mariana. Although species richness decreased with increasing slope gradient, these deciduous trees became established even on steep slopes. The wildfire that completely burned the ground surface distorted the revegetation, particularly on steep slopes. The restoration of the Sphagnum surface was a prerequisite after the severe wildfire occurred, although the Sphagnum cover had difficulty returning to predominance in the short term.
Efficacy of mifepristone for cervical priming for second‐trimester surgical termination of pregnancy
Authors: Searle Leigh , Tait John , Langdana Fali , Maharaj Dushyant 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether mifepristone plus misoprostol was as effective as misoprostol with or without laminaria (depending on gestational age) for cervical preparation for second‐trimester termination of pregnancy.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out among women who underwent surgical termination between 14 and 19 + 6 weeks of pregnancy. Those who received preoperative mifepristone were compared with those who did not. The study group received mifepristone plus misoprostol before dilation and evacuation of the uterus between May 2008 and September 2011. The comparison (non‐mifepristone) group received misoprostol with or without laminaria between January 2005 and April 2008.ResultsThere was no difference between the groups in terms of difficulty of cervical dilation, with an overall relative risk for moderate–difficult dilation in the mifepristone group of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.49–1.68). There was no difference between the groups with regard to complications arising from the procedure.ConclusionMifepristone is effective for cervical priming prior to second‐trimester dilation and evacuation in both multiparous and primiparous women, without an increase in complication rates.
Effects of vaginal discharge on female sexual function
Authors: Gungor Ayse N.C. , Uludag Aysegul , Sahin Melih , Gencer Meryem , Uysal Ahmet 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of vaginal discharge on female sexual dysfunction (FSD) by using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).MethodsIn a study at a university hospital in Canakkale, Turkey, women affected by vaginal discharge and age‐matched healthy control women were recruited between January and December 2012. Women were grouped in accordance with their vaginal discharge complaints and each participant completed the FSFI questionnaire.ResultsA total of 114 women were included in the study. Women in the first group (n = 58) had no vaginal discharge or had physiologic vaginal discharge, those in the second group (n = 29) had abnormal vaginal discharge with itching, and those in the third group (n = 27) had abnormal vaginal discharge without itching. Compared with the first group, women in the second and third groups had higher FSFI scores for desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain, in addition to higher overall FSFI scores. Women with genital malodor had significantly higher FSFI scores than patients without genital malodor (23.83 ± 5.07 vs 21.15 ± 4.78; P = 0.008).ConclusionWomen with abnormal vaginal discharges were found to have better FSFI scores for some domains. This finding may be attributed to the adverse effects of sexual intercourse on vaginal infections.
A qualitative assessment of Ugandan women's perceptions and knowledge of contraception
Authors: Morse Jessica E. , Rowen Tami S. , Steinauer Jody , Byamugisha Josaphat , Kakaire Othman 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine Ugandan women's perceptions and knowledge of contraception.MethodsHealthy prepartum women were recruited from a national referral and university teaching hospital to participate in 1 of 5 focus group discussions on contraception. Transcripts were translated and coded by 2 researchers using inductive and deductive methods.ResultsForty‐six women participated in the focus group discussions. The major themes that emerged were around family planning as a method to space pregnancies and manage finances, as well as men's roles in decision making regarding contraception. Notable among the many incorrect notions about adverse effects of contraception were fears about cancer and infertility.ConclusionThe results indicate that, among the study group of Ugandan women, decision making regarding family planning involves a complex negotiation among women, partners, and families. Furthermore, pervasive myths may hinder a woman's ability to choose safe and effective contraception. These findings are useful to healthcare providers and the greater public‐health community.
Judgment is not color blind: The impact of automatic color preference on product and advertising preferences
Authors: Kareklas Ioannis , Brunel Frédéric F. , Coulter Robin A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis research examines the colors white and black and highlights the importance of automatic preference for the color white over black in product choice and advertising contexts. Across three studies, we incorporate multiple Implicit Association Tests to assess automatic preferences for colors, products, races, and advertisements. In Study 1, we demonstrate an automatic color preference for white over black, show that this preference holds for Caucasian‐Americans and African‐Americans, and find that automatic color preference predicts automatic product preference of white over black‐colored products. Study 2 extends these findings by showing that actual behavioral product choice is best predicted by a combination of automatic and explicit color preferences. In the advertising domain, Study 3 demonstrates how automatic color preference influences advertising responses and how it explains the lack of in‐group preference by African‐Americans in previous implicit studies of racial preference. Collectively, our research draws attention to the need to disentangle white and black as designation of colors versus racial groups, and offers significant and novel contributions to the work on color and race in consumer psychology.
Non-normality and nonlinearity in combustion–acoustic interaction in diffusion flames – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Balasubramanian K. , Sujith R. I. 
Published: September 2013

Recent investigations by L. Magri and M. P. Juniper have brought to light certain errors in the paper by Balasubramanian and Sujith (Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 594, 2008, pp. 29–57). The revision is available in a separate note (Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 733, 2013, pp. 681–683), which shows that these ducted diffusion flames exhibit a transient growth of order 1 to 10. These results are in contrast to those presented by Balasubramanian & Sujith (2008), who found the transient growth to be of order $1{0}^{5} $ to $1{0}^{7} $.
On the rotation of porous ellipsoids in simple shear flows
Authors: Masoud Hassan , Stone Howard A. , Shelley Michael J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe study theoretically the dynamics of porous ellipsoids rotating in simple shear flows. We use the Brinkman–Debye–Bueche (BDB) model to simulate flow within and through particles and solve the coupled Stokes–BDB equations to calculate the overall flow field and the rotation rate of porous ellipsoids. Our results show that the permeability has little effect on the rotational behaviour of particles, and that Jeffery’s prediction of the angular velocity of impermeable ellipsoids in simple shear flows (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 102, 1922, pp. 161–179) remains an excellent approximation, if not an exact one, for porous ellipsoids. Employing an appropriate scaling, we also present approximate expressions for the torque exerted on ellipses and spheroids rotating in a quiescent fluid. Our findings can serve as the basis for developing a suspension theory for non-spherical porous particles, or for understanding the orientational diffusion of permeable ellipses and spheroids.
SN 2011fe: A Laboratory for Testing Models of Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Chomiuk Laura 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSN 2011fe is the nearest supernova of Type Ia (SN Ia) discovered in the modern multi-wavelength telescope era, and it also represents the earliest discovery of an SN Ia to date. As a normal SN Ia, SN 2011fe provides an excellent opportunity to decipher long-standing puzzles about the nature of SNe Ia. In this review, we summarise the extensive suite of panchromatic data on SN 2011fe and gather interpretations of these data to answer four key questions: (1) What explodes in an SN Ia? (2) How does it explode? (3) What is the progenitor of SN 2011fe? and (4) How accurate are SNe Ia as standardisable candles? Most aspects of SN 2011fe are consistent with the canonical picture of a massive CO white dwarf undergoing a deflagration-to-detonation transition. However, there is minimal evidence for a non-degenerate companion star, so SN 2011fe may have marked the merger of two white dwarfs.