bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Processing of the Middle and Upper Atmospheric Wind Retrieval Based on the Fabry‐Perot Interferometer
Authors: Hou‐Mao WANG , Yong‐Mei WANG , Ying‐Jian WANG 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:Since the Doppler shifts of airglow orauroralemission lines due to neutral winds are extremely small, it is essential to determine the center position and radius of fringes with the uppermost accuracy. In this paper, a new method is presented for the center position and radius determination of incomplete interference fringes of Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (FPI). Due to the data noise comes from FPI instrument and space environment, the data pre‐processing was firstly carried out including mean filtering and wiener weightingadaptive filtering. Then, according to the Gauss distribution of fringe intensity, interference fringe peak coordinates were derived from both radius obtained using Gaussian fitting and fringe center coordinates. Subsequently, based on the peak coordinates, new center position and radius were estimated by using circular coordinate fitting with the least square method. Finally, the center coordinate and radius were determined by using the iterative operation between Gaussian fitting and circular coordinate fitting. The new method was applied to Fabry‐Perot interferometer data processing for wind velocity estimation of the middle and upper atmosphere. The retrieval results are 96.9537 m/s (actual wind velocity ∼100 m/s) and 7.5282 m/s (actual wind velocity ∼10 m/s), lower by 2.977 m/s and 2.465 m/s, respectively. Compared with theoretical values, both of them are less than 3 m/s, which suggests a tentatively reliable and practicable method of circle center and radius determination for wind retrieval of the middle and upper atmosphere.
Finite Difference Tomography of Crustal Velocity Structure Beneath Tengchong, Yunnan Province
Authors: Ling‐Min CAO , Yi XU , Shi‐Guo WU 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:This work applies the finite difference tomographic method to invert P‐wave velocity structure beneath the Tengchong area using earthquake data from a temporary network and other permanent stations, and analyzes the magmatic activity of Tengchong volcanoes and the deep structural genesis of the Longling M7.3/M7.4 earthquakes. The results show the velocity structure of the crust in this area has a pronounced heterogeneity. The lower velocities in the shallow subsurface are caused by unconsolidated basin deposits, Cenozoic volcanic deposits, fluid fractures and hot springs. The high‐velocity zone at 5∼15 km depth probably represents cooled and solidified magmatic intrusions or less volatile ultramafic remnants. The low‐velocity structure in the deep crust indicates molten or semi‐molten magma. It is probable that the magmatic activity beneath volcanoes and magma intrusions in the deep crust of the Longling earthquake zone are from the same magmatic hearth area, which is the main area of the present magmatic activities. A strongly lateral heterogeneity is observed in the Longling earthquake zone. The east of the Nujiang fault belt and the west of the Longling fault belt are characterized by high velocity, implying large strain strength of rocks, which are the main carriers of stress accumulation. The low‐velocity anomalies between the two faults extend to lower crust, probably caused by magmatic intrusions in the deep crust. The magmatic activity in this area is controlled clearly by the Longling fault and the Nujiang fault. The Longling M7.3 and M7.4 earthquakes occurred near the velocity boundary beneath the faults. The main reasons for the strong earthquakes in the Longling area inlcude the heterogeneity of stress accumulation caused by the lateral variation of the crustal medium strength, the deep magmatic aggregation and dynamic actions.
Statistical Analysis of Noise in GPS Time Series of Sichuan Province Before and After the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Hua LIAO , Rui XU , Wei‐Feng CHEN , Cong CHEN , Tie GU 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:In order to explore the long‐term influence of seismic events on the GPS time series, 10 a long processing results of the Sichuan GPS network before and after the 2008 Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake were used for the multi‐parameter noise model analysis. Based on the maximum likelihood estimator method and spectrum analysis, the noise components in the station coordinate time series were extracted. Through Λ‐statistical tests, we found ‘white noise+ flicker noise’ is the best combination that can best fit the Sichuan local area network. Meanwhile, it is noted that apparent variations in the noise component of GPS, including white noise, flicker noise, and random walk nose, occurred before and after the seismic event, which demonstrates that the traditional processing mode which simply splices and resolves the pre‐seismic and post‐seismic data together is unacceptable. The common mode error analytical method and velocity variation information were used for the initial physical interpretation of such apparent noise component change.
Study on Anisotropy of Shale in Shale Gas Exploration Using Seismic Forward Modeling
Authors: Wei‐Jia SUN , Li‐Yun FU , Xi‐Zhu GUAN , Wei WEI 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:The accuracy of numerical methods is challenged by strong anisotropies of shale, especially for high‐frequency components (> 100 Hz). Since the shale gas exploration still employs acoustic seismic data, we first introduce an arbitrary even‐order differential solution to VTI acoustic wave equation. The high‐order solution can improve the computational accuracy and suppress numerical dispersion effectively. To show the effect of strong anisotropy of shale, we compare the seismic response of VTI acoustic wave equation with that of acoustic wave equation for different models. Numerical results show that anisotropy has large influences on the kinetics (phases) and the dynamics (amplitudes) of seismic waves. We conclude that the anisotropy must be considered when processing seismic data.
Research on the Charge Inducing Regularity of Coal Rock at Different Loading Rates in Uniaxial Compression Tests
Authors: Yi‐Shan PAN , Zhi TANG , Zhong‐Hua Li , Li‐Yuan ZHU , Guo‐Zhen LI 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:The coal rock charge induction test system under the condition of uniaxial compression is established using the self‐developed charge induction instrument. And the charge induction laws at different loading rates of coal, granite, sandstone are researched. The experiment results show that the value maximum of coal rock charge induction appears before the stress reaches its peak and increases with the loading rate. The strength ahead of time of the maximum value of charge presents a time shortening trend compared with the stress peak. The maximum value of coal rock charge induction differs greatly among coal rocks of different properties. The maximum value of granite charge is greater than that of coal charge, and maximum value of coal charge is greater than that of sandstone. Trace charge signals are generated when the stress is small, and when the stress reaches about 90% of the ultimate stress of coal rock, large amounts of charge signals are generated. It illustrates that stress threshold exists in the coal rock charge induction. So the charge induction method can be applied to forecast dynamic disasters and deserves further research.
A Laboratory Study of Seismic Wave Velocities in Sandstones Bearing Different Pore Fluids at Different Pressures
Authors: Er‐Wei QIAO , Wei‐Hua ZHAO , Chang‐Xing LONG 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:Seismic properties of rocks have wide applications in regional tectonic research and shallow seismic exploration. The Yanchang oilfield is one of the important production bases for oil and gas in China, but lacks basic data of seismic wave properties of rocks. This work applied the AutoLab 2000 computer‐controlled servo hydraulic triaxial test system to measure accurate P‐ and S‐wave velocities at pressures up to 180 MPa on three kinds of core samples of sandstones in dry, water and oil‐saturated conditions from the Yanchang oilfield. The results show the wave velocities Vp, Vs1 and Vs2 for the three kinds of samples of sandstones change basically logarithmically with increasing (or decreasing) pressures. The relationships between wave velocities in dry, water and oil‐saturated conditions indicates obvious differences for three kinds of core samples of sandstones, mainly because rock elastic modulus, pore fluid property, and rock structure are different. For the different kinds of sandstones, the pressure dependence of the Vp, Vs1 and Vs2 in the same pore fluid condition is controlled by the porosity and grain size, and for the same kind of sandstone, the pressure dependence of the Vp, Vs1 and Vs2 in the different pore fluid conditions is affected by the effective modulus of elasticity and density. Moreover, Vs1 and Vs2 hardly vary with water and oil saturation. The experimental results can provide an important basis for the interpretation of seismic data and comparing with well log data in that region.
The Value of Quantitative Real‐Time Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography for Detection of Angiographically Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Li Dong‐ye , Liang Li , Xu Tong‐da , Zhang Hui , Pan De‐feng , Chen Jun‐hong , Chen Jing , Wang Xiao‐ping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundReal‐time (RT) myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a novel method for the assessment of regional myocardial perfusion. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of quantitative RT‐MCE in predicting significant coronary stenosis, with reference to quantitative coronary angiography.HypothesisRT‐MCE can identify anatomically significant coronary artery stenosis in selected patients. RT‐MCE is probably an effective method for detection of angiographically significant coronary artery stenosis.MethodsThirty‐five patients (mean age, 59.94 ± 10.63 years; 25 males) scheduled for coronary angiography underwent RT‐MCE at rest, and shortly afterward underwent gated single‐photon emission computed tomography (gated‐SPECT). Coronary angiography was performed within 1 week after RT‐MCE in all patients. The observing indexes included the images of RT‐MCE that were analyzed quantitatively from microbubble replenishment curves for myocardial perfusion by using the Q‐Lab software. The sensitivity and specificity of RT‐MCE for quantitative detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) were obtained. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the differences of accuracy in ischemic segments with A, β and A × β respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of gated‐SPECT and RT‐MCE for assessment of CAD were calculated using a 4‐score method.ResultsA total of 513 segments among 595 segments in 35 patients were obtained. The cutoffs for A, β and A × β were 4.58, 0.64, and 2.73, and the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative RT‐MCE for detection of CAD were 86.0%, 80.2%, 88.9%, and 84.1%, 64.6%, 79.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and specificity of semiquantitative analysis for assessment of CAD were 66.7% and 61.8%. The ROC curve area of A and A × β was 0.91 and 0.90 in the middle segments. The ROC area of A was 0.52 in the base segments. The sensitivity and specificity of gated‐SPECT for assessment of CAD were 84.8% and 82.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of multi‐indexes RT‐MCE increased. The sensitivity was 89.1%, 90.4%, and 96.3% by A + β, A + A × β, and β + A × β.ConclusionsQuantitative RT‐MCE is an effective method for the detection of coronary artery stenosis. Quantitative RT‐MCE is segmented for assessment to ischemic myocardium. RT‐MCE with multi‐indexes has a valuable application for assessment of CAD surpassing SPECT.
Impact of Atorvastatin Treatment in First‐Degree Relatives of Patients With Premature Coronary Artery Disease With Endothelial Dysfunction: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Hong Sung‐Jin , Chang Hyuk‐Jae , Park Sungha , Kang Dae Ryong , Shin Sanghoon , Cho In‐Jeong , Shim Chi Young , Hong Geu‐Ru , Ha Jong‐Won , Chung Namsik 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundA family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is a well‐known risk factor for cardiovascular events.HypothesisAtorvastatin may improve endothelial dysfunction (ED) in the first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with premature CAD with ED.MethodsThirty‐five FDRs (median age, 52 years [interquartile range (IQR), 46–57 years], 21 male) of patients with premature CAD with ED were recruited in a prospective trial with a crossover double‐blind design: 6 weeks of treatment with atorvastatin 40 mg/day followed by placebo, or vice versa. After each treatment, the digital pulse wave amplitude was determined by EndoPAT to obtain the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), a measure for endothelial function. The primary outcome was the difference of RHI between atorvastatin and placebo treatment.ResultsLow‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower after atorvastatin compared with placebo treatment (124 [102–145] mg/dL vs 67 [50–73] mg/dL, P < 0.001). However, RHI was not different after atorvastatin compared with placebo treatment (1.9 [1.5–2.4] vs 1.9 [1.6–2.2], P = 0.902). Also, the augmentation index was similar after each treatment. These results were observed both in subjects who had indications for statin treatment (31%) and those who did not (69%) according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.ConclusionsDespite improvement in the lipid profile, atorvastatin failed to improve ED in the FDRs of patients with premature CAD with ED. Although we identified those with ED in FDRs of patients with premature CAD as a high‐risk group for future cardiovascular events, atorvastatin treatment may not be a beneficial primary prevention strategy for this population.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of WC5 Analogues as Inhibitors of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate‐Early 2 Protein, a Promising Target for Anti‐HCMV Treatment
Authors: Massari Serena , Mercorelli Beatrice , Sancineto Luca , Sabatini Stefano , Cecchetti Violetta , Gribaudo Giorgio , Palù Giorgio , Pannecouque Christophe , Loregian Arianna , Tabarrini Oriana 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is mostly asymptomatic for immunocompetent individuals, it remains a serious threat for those who are immunocompromised, in whom it is associated with various clinical manifestations. The therapeutic utility of the few available anti‐HCMV drugs is limited by several drawbacks, including cross‐resistance due to their common mechanism of action, i.e., inhibition of viral DNA polymerase. Therefore, compounds that target other essential viral events could overcome this problem. One example of this is the 6‐aminoquinolone WC5, which acts by directly blocking the transactivation of essential viral Early genes by the Immediate‐Early 2 (IE2) protein. In this study, the quinolone scaffold of the lead compound WC5 was investigated in depth, defining more suitable substituents for each of the scaffold positions explored and identifying novel, potent and nontoxic compounds. Some compounds showed potent anti‐HCMV activity by interfering with IE2‐dependent viral E gene expression. Among them, naphthyridone 1 was also endowed with potent anti‐HIV activity in latently infected cells. Their antiviral profile along with their innovative mechanism of action make these anti‐HCMV quinolones a very promising class of compounds to be exploited for more effective antiviral therapeutic treatment.
Influence of the Delocalization Error and Applicability of Optimal Functional Tuning in Density Functional Calculations of Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Donor–Acceptor Chromophores
Authors: Sun Haitao , Autschbach Jochen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNonempirically tuned hybrid density functionals with range‐separated exchange are applied to calculations of the first hyperpolarizability (β∥) and charge‐transfer (CT) excitations of linear “push–pull” donor–acceptor‐substituted organic molecules with extended π‐conjugated bridges. An unphysical delocalization with increasing chain length in density functional calculations can be reduced significantly by enforcing an asymptotically correct exchange‐correlation potential adjusted to give frontier orbital energies representing ionization potentials. The delocalization error for a number of donor–acceptor systems is quantified by calculations with fractional electron numbers and from orbital localizations. Optimally tuned hybrid variants of the PBE functional incorporating range‐separated exchange can produce similar magnitudes for β∥ as Møller–Plesset second‐order perturbation (MP2) correlated calculations. Improvements are also found for CT excitation energies, with results similar to an approximate coupled‐cluster model (CC2).
Rolling up a Graphene Sheet
Authors: Calvaresi Matteo , Quintana Mildred , Rudolf Petra , Zerbetto Francesco , Prato Maurizio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCarbon Nanotubes, CNTs, have been described as rolled‐up graphene layers. Matching this concept to experiments has been a great experimental challenge for it requires a method to exfoliate graphite, generate ordered and stable dangling carbon bonds, and roll up the layer without affecting the unpaired electrons of the dangling bonds that finally have to zip up in an orderly fashion: A tall order for any synthetic strategy. The combined use of ultrasonication of graphite in dimethylformamide and addition of ferrocene aldehyde just does it!
Autonomic functioning in mothers with interpersonal violence‐related posttraumatic stress disorder in response to separation–reunion
Authors: Schechter Daniel S. , Moser Dominik A. , McCaw Jaime E. , Myers Michael M. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis study characterizes autonomic nervous system activity reactive to separation–reunion among mothers with Interpersonal Violence‐Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (IPV‐PTSD). Heart‐rate (HR) and high frequency heart‐rate‐variability (HF‐HRV) were measured in 17 IPV‐PTSD‐mothers, 22 sub‐threshold‐mothers, and 15 non‐PTSD mother‐controls while interacting with their toddlers (12–48 months). Analyses showed IPV‐PTSD‐mothers having generally lower HR than other groups. All groups showed negative correlations between changes in HR and HF‐HRV from sitting‐ to standing‐baseline. During initial separation, controls no longer showed a negative relationship between HR and HF‐HRV. But by the second reunion, the negative relationship reappeared. IPV‐PTSD‐ and sub‐threshold‐mothers retained negative HR/HF‐HRV correlations during the initial separation, but stopped showing them by the second reunion. Results support that mother‐controls showed a pattern of autonomic regulation suggestive of hypervigilance during initial separation that resolved by the time of re‐exposure. PTSD‐mothers showed delayed onset of this pattern only upon re‐exposure, and were perhaps exhibiting defensive avoidance or numbing during the initial separation/reunion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 748–760, 2014.
Emotion dysregulation and symptoms of anorexia nervosa: The unique roles of lack of emotional awareness and impulse control difficulties when upset
Authors: Racine Sarah E. , Wildes Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveExtant research suggests that individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have deficits in emotion regulation across a variety of domains. The current study investigated associations between specific difficulties with emotion regulation and the core symptoms of AN.MethodParticipants were 192 patients with AN presenting to an intensive eating disorder treatment facility. Emotion regulation was assessed using the multidimensional Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and associations with body mass index (BMI) at admission, eating disorder cognitions, objective binge eating, subjective binge eating, and purging were examined.ResultsEating disorder cognitions were significantly associated with multiple forms of emotion dysregulation; however, only lack of emotional awareness was independently related to these symptoms. In contrast, impulse control difficulties when upset was the only emotion regulation impairment associated with the presence of recurrent objective binge eating and recurrent purging in AN. No significant relationships between emotion regulation and BMI or subjective binge eating were detected.DiscussionResults point to differential associations between specific emotion regulation deficits and core symptoms of AN. These findings suggest that parsing the construct of emotion regulation as well as the AN phenotype can help to identify the unique ways in which eating disorder symptoms may function to regulate emotions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:713–720)
Quantifying the biomass of parasites to understand their role in aquatic communities
Authors: Lambden Jason , Johnson Pieter T. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBy infecting multiple host species and acting as a food resource, parasites can affect food web topography and contribute to ecosystem energy transfer. Owing to the remarkable secondary production of some taxa, parasite biomass – although cryptic – can be comparable to other invertebrate and vertebrate groups. More resolved estimates of parasite biomass are therefore needed to understand parasite interactions, their consequences for host fitness, and potential influences on ecosystem energetics. We developed an approach to quantify the masses of helminth parasites and compared our results with those of biovolume‐based approaches. Specifically, we massed larval and adult parasites representing 13 species and five life stages of trematodes and cestodes from snail and amphibian hosts. We used a replicated regression approach to quantify dry mass and compared these values with indirect biovolume estimates to test the validity of density assumptions. Our technique provided precise estimates (R2from 0.69 to 0.98) of biomass across a wide range of parasite morphotypes and sizes. Individual parasites ranged in mass from 0.368 ± 0.041 to 320 ± 98.1 μg. Among trematodes, adult parasites tended to be the largest followed by rediae, with nonclonal larval stages (metacercariae and cercariae) as the smallest. Among similar morphotypes, direct estimates of dry mass and the traditional biovolume technique provided generally comparable estimates (although important exceptions also emerged). Finally, we present generalized length‐mass regression equations to calculate trematode mass from length measurements, and discuss the most efficient use of limited numbers of parasites. By providing a novel method of directly estimating parasite biomass while also helping to validate more traditional methods involving length‐mass conversion, our findings aim to facilitate future investigations into the ecological significance of parasites, particularly with respect to ecosystem energetics. In addition, this novel technique can be applied to a wide range of difficult‐to‐mass organisms.
Determination of Glycerol in Biodiesel Using a Nickel(II) Oxyhydroxide Chemically Modified Electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Pott Marinho Ballottin Daniela , Lataro Paim Leonardo , Ramos Stradiotto Nelson 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA glassy carbon electrode chemically modified with nickel oxyhydroxide from a nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) film was used to determine glycerol in biodiesel by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode exhibited a linear response to glycerol concentration in the range from 0.05 to 0.35 mmol L−1, and a detection limit of 0.030 mmol L−1. The glycerol concentration found in the biodiesel sample was 0.156 mmol L−1. The method developed in this study showed a recovery of (100.3±5.0)%.