bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between tryptophan-related gut metabolites, brain activity, and autism symptomatology
Authors: Aziz-Zadeh Lisa , Ringold Sofronia M. , Jayashankar Aditya , Kilroy Emily , Butera Christiana , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Tanartkit Skylar , Joshi Swapna , Dapretto Mirella , Labus Jennifer , Mayer Emeran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Gut microbial metabolites have been theorized to play a causative role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This hypothesis is based on results from mechanistic preclinical studies and several correlational studies showing differences in gut microbial composition between ASD subjects and neurotypical (NT) controls. However, alterations in how the human brain interacts with the gut microbiome in ASD have not been examined. In this cross-sectional, case-control observational study, fecal metabolomics, task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and behavioral assessments were obtained from 43 ASD and 41 NT children aged 8-17. The fMRI tasks were based on socio-emotional and sensory paradigms that commonly show strong evoked brain differences in ASD participants. General linear models and mediational modeling were applied to examine the links between tryptophan metabolism and evoked brain activity and behavior. Results indicated that fecal levels of specific tryptophan-related metabolites were associated with: 1) brain activity atypicalities in regions previously implicated in ASD (i.e., insula and cingulate); and 2) ASD severity and symptomatology (i.e., ADOS scores, disgust propensity, and sensory sensitivities). Importantly, activity in the mid-insula and mid-cingulate significantly mediated relationships between the microbial tryptophan metabolites, indolelactate and tryptophan betaine, and ASD severity and disgust sensitivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate how interactions between gut metabolites and brain activity may impact autism symptomatology, particularly in functional brain pathways associated with vagal and interoceptive/emotion processing.
Gender-based roles and energy transition in Ugandan households: Evidence from panel data analysis
Authors: Elasu Joseph , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Adaramola Muyiwa S. , Buyinza Faisal , Atukunda Ronnette , Ngoma Muhamad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Over 2.3 billion people worldwide use unclean fuels in the form of firewood, charcoal and coal for cooking. As a result, over 3.2 million people are reported to die annually due to household air pollution caused by smoke. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of gender role differentiation on household energy transition in Uganda.
Methods
Using panel data obtained from Uganda Bureau of Statistics, the study employed an ordered logit regression model to estimate the effect of gender role differentiation on household energy transition in Uganda.
Findings and discussion:
The findings indicated that ownership and control of financial resources by females reduced the likelihood of choosing traditional fuels but increased the likelihood of choosing transitional and modern fuels for cooking in households. Based on these findings, the researchers conclude that ownership and control of financial resources and buildings are drivers of household energy transition.
Pipe renewal plan in water distribution network considering physical and operational risk factors: A hybrid MCDM-QSPM technique
Authors: Mohammadi Kamran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A significant amount of supplied water is wasted because of the existence of leak and pipe breakage in urban WDNs. Its increase the possibility of pollution infiltration. The financial crises and inappropriate budgets for WDNs renovation make the classification of pipes in terms of modification and providing a management plan necessary. In this research, the MCDM method has been utilized to provide a plan for prioritizing pipe repairs of the WDNs. The clustering is determined utilizing the ELECTRE TRI model, based on specific physical and operational risk factors. These criteria are proposed according to the personal preferences, previously. The QSPM analysis was employed to illustrate criteria priorities. Therefore, a novel hybrid QSPM–MCDM technique was introduced to develop a pipe renewal plan for WDNs. Furthermore, optimistic and pessimistic prioritization is assessed in classification of pipes. A real WDN was investigated as a sample. In optimistic prioritization, 2%, 8%, 16%, 61% and 13% of pipes are categorized in five classes of modification, respectively. In pessimistic case, 18% of the pipes only need periodic visits and 82% of them do not need repairs. These results showed the output of pessimistic classification didn’t match the present situation of WDN. The main branch of the WDN pipes has been classified in the most risky classes in the optimistic analysis.
Improvement of Seismic Performance of Concrete Structures Using Magnetized Concrete: An Empirical Study
Authors: Shahroodi Seyed Yousef Hashemi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

High-Performance Concrete (HPC) offers better workability, compressive strength, and durability compared to ordinary concrete. One type of high-strength concrete is magnetic concrete. In this technology, the physical structure of water is altered by inducing a magnetic field. As a result, the number of molecules in a molecular cluster decreases from 13 to 5 or 6, and the surface tension of the water is reduced. Using this water in concrete preparation increases the workability of the concrete mix and reduces the required water. Additionally, by facilitating cement hydration, it increases the compressive strength and durability of the concrete. This increased compressive strength enhances the stability and resistance of the structure against earthquake forces. Moreover, maintaining the compressive strength of the concrete while using magnetic water can reduce cement consumption. This reduction in cement consumption can lower the weight of the structure, which is very effective in reducing earthquake forces in tall buildings.
The use of candelilla wax/canola oil oleogel in the formulation of sponge cake bread improves morphostructural and sensory properties
Authors: Martínez-Velasco Alejandro , Trujillo-Ramírez Daniel , Bustos-Vázquez Guadalupe , Cervantes-Arista Clara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of substituting saturated solid fat (margarine) with candelilla wax/canola oil oleogels, either completely or partially (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), on morphostructural and sensory properties of sponge cake bread. As oleogel content increased in bread formulation, strong network structures favored the retention of a greater amount of gas. This led to higher porosity and better network development, resulting in a specific volume increase (2.968 and 3.018 cm3/g) and decreased hardness (1567.5 and 1697.0 g) in SCB75 and SCB100, respectively. There were no changes in springiness and cohesiveness. In sensory evaluation, panelists preferred the “aroma” attribute in the bread formulated with oleogel. On crumb color, sample SCB25 was perceived as ideal (“just-about-right”), while in greasy mouthfeel attribute, samples SCB75 and SCB100 were the best evaluated. In “taste” test, SCB100 sample was classified as ideal followed by SCB75 with a perception of “like”, compared to SCB0. The overall acceptability indicated that the panelist preferred SCB75 samples, followed by SCB100. Incorporating 75–100% oleogels is a great alternative for reformulating sponge cake bread, improving its sensory and morphostructural properties.
Participatory Development of Evidence-Based Patient Narrative Videos for Patients with Eating Disorders: A Methodological Approach and Pilot Data
Authors: Daugelat Melissa-Claire , Gregg Bettina , Adam Sophia , Schag Kathrin , Kimmerle Joachim , Giel Katrin Elisabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Patient narratives can best be defined as personal stories of persons previously or currently affected by a physical or mental health disorder. The collaborative development and implementation of such narratives reflects a participatory approach between researchers, patients, and members of the public towards the development of new interventions. Patient narratives can foster feelings of support and belonging, as well as increase hope and motivation towards recovery. Aims of this pilot study were (a) the collaborative development of a series of evidence-based patient narrative videos about eating disorders, (b) their evaluation with a group of healthy participants, and (c) to provide a reproducible documentation of this methodological approach.
Method
A multi-stage participatory process was used including a) a systematic review, b) focus groups with affected persons, c) the participatory narrative development, and d) a pilot study with healthy participants. A former and currently recovered patient was recruited as a lived experience representative, while a psychotherapist provided the same information from a professional perspective. Control group videos featured the lived experience representative discussing a somatic condition unrelated to eating disorders (i.e., torn knee ligament). Two videos were created for each perspective with varying degrees of emotionality of the content. Healthy participants were recruited to view and assess the videos for their authenticity, empathy, and usefulness.
Results
Nineteen female participants were recruited for the pilot study. All videos received positive ratings, however, participants rated videos in which the lived experience representative discussed her eating disorder as significantly more authentic than the control group videos, as well as significantly more empathic, useful, and better overall than the psychotherapist and control group videos. Participants further indicated a clear preference for videos with higher emotionality, regardless of which perspective or disorder was being presented.
Discussion
The use of patient narratives for eating disorders is a relatively new methodological approach. This paper provides one example of how evidence-based patient narratives can be constructed. The patient narratives created in this study received positive feedback from healthy participants and are currently being tested in a 4-arm randomised controlled pilot study with patients affected by eating disorders.
Curcumin Enhances ATG3-Dependent Autophagy and Inhibits Metastasis in Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Fei , Lu Jingjing , Wang Chuhan , Yu Huimin , Fu Yanhong , Ma Danli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cervical carcinoma poses a significant health threat, with traditional treatments proving inadequate in advanced stages. Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from turmeric, exhibits notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antineoplastic properties, potentially modulating autophagy, and metastasis in cancer cells. This study examines curcumin's impact on autophagy and metastasis in cervical carcinoma, focusing on its interaction with autophagy-related gene 3 (ATG3). SiHa and HeLa cervical carcinoma cell lines were treated with curcumin, ATG3 knockdown (shATG3), and their combination. Cell migration was evaluated via wound healing assays, and LC3 expression was assessed using immunofluorescence and western blotting. Molecular docking simulations identified curcumin's binding interactions with key proteins. Curcumin and shATG3 significantly inhibited cell migration, with a synergistic effect observed when combined. LC3 expression was enhanced, indicating increased autophagy. Docking studies revealed curcumin's potential binding to MMP2, MMP9, TGF-β, ATG3, LC3, and p62, suggesting modulation of these pathways. The combination of curcumin and ATG3 knockdown demonstrates significant inhibition of cervical carcinoma cell migration and enhancement of autophagy, supporting curcumin's potential as a therapeutic agent for cervical carcinoma. Further clinical research is warranted to confirm these findings.
Feasibility of training federated deep learning oropharyngeal primary tumor segmentation models without sharing gradient information
Authors: Volmer Leroy , Choudhury Ananya , Gomes Aiara Lobo , Dekker Andre , Wee Leonard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Federated deep learning is a method for training a deep learning neural network model on vast amounts of privacy-sensitive patient-related data without having to exchange the data itself. A vulnerability exposed during federated model training relies on intercepting gradients during the training process. In this work, we show that it is feasible to train a global model for segmenting an oropharyngeal tumor in a simulated federated consortium, without any sharing of gradients, only the local model weights. This work investigates the effects of federated averaging of model weights on model performance, and describes the model evolution during federated learning. We show that a federally-trained model is functionally equivalent to a centrally-trained one. In conclusion, the preferred mode of federated deep learning chosen was synchronous federated averaging of partial model at the end of every epoch. In terms of future work, we surmise that segmentation performance could be significantly improved by using multi-modality co-registered images, such as PET and CT, in federated deep learning for automated segmentation using the current work as basis.
ECAv2-HRNet: Accurate Estimation and Analysis ofHuman Pose in Crowded Environments
Authors: SHOU ZHAOYU , YU YONGBO , LI DONGXU , MO JIANWEN , ZHANG HUIBING , ZHANG JINGWEI , WU ZIYONG 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Estimating human posture in crowded smart teaching environments is a fundamental technical challenge for measuringlearners’ level of engagement. This work presents a model for detecting critical points in human posture using ECAv2-HRNetin crowded situations. The paper introduces a method called ECAv2Net, which combines a channel feature reinforcementmethod with the ECANet attention mechanism network. This innovation improves the performance of the network. Additionally,ECAv2Net is integrated into the high-resolution network HRNet to create ECAv2-HRNet. This fusion allows for the incorporationof more useful feature information without increasing the model parameters. The paper also presents a human posture datasetcalled GUET CLASS PICTURE, which is designed for dense scenes. Experimental results using this dataset, as well asa public dataset, demonstrate the superior performance of the human posture estimation model based on ECAv2-HRNetproposed in this paper.
Gut Microbiota-Derived Leucine Promotes Cold-Induced Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Macrophage Efferocytosis
Authors: Gong Yongtai , Yan Sen , Fang Ning , Zhang Yun , Zhang Ning , Li Long , Wang Zhiqi , Wang Kunna , Hou Te , Ji Xuanrui , Liang Qian , Duan Yu , Jiang Xiaohui , Gao Qian , Xu Wei , Hao Hongting , Zhao Xinbo , Han Xuejie , Luo Yingchun , Li Wenpeng , Wang Xiaoyu , Yun Fengxiang , Zhang Song , Li Yue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cold exposure has been shown to impact the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and is associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. In our study, we found that cold exposure increased both plaque area and plaque instability in ApoE−/− mice. Further analysis revealed that gut microbiota and microbial metabolites play a crucial role in cold-related atherosclerosis. Specifically, following cold exposure, there was a notable decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus. johnsonii (L. johnsonii) in the intestinal tract and an increase in plasma leucine levels. Supplementation with L. johnsonii alleviated cold-related atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Importantly, our in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that leucine reduces efferocytosis by decreasing the expression of Gas6 in macrophages, thereby promoting the progression of cold-related atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the central role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in modulating efferocytosis during cold-related atherosclerosis. The L. johnsonii-leucine-Gas6 pathway holds promise as a potential therapeutic target for addressing cold-related atherosclerosis.
Downregulation of UQCRC1 exacerbates hypoxia-induced mitochondrial damage in H9C2 cardiomyocytes
Authors: Xu Fangjing , Liu Guozhen , Chai Zhi , Fang Kebao , He Jing , Yang Lan , Fan Yucheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein I (UQCRC1) is a critical component of mitochondrial proteins, and abnormal expression or dysfunction of UQCRC1 may be associated with the occurrence and progression of certain diseases. Our previous study found significant changes in the content of UQCRC1 protein in myocardial cells in a mouse acute myocardial ischemia model. However, there have been no reports on how changes in UQCRC1 protein content affect mitochondrial function in myocardial cells. In this study, we silenced the UQCRC1 gene in rat myocardial cells under hypoxic conditions using a constructed shRNA expression vector. Experimental techniques such as Hoechst staining system, inverted fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, and CCK-8 assay were utilized to observe the apoptosis rate of H9C2 cells and pathological changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure. Additionally, cellular viability, lactate dehydrogenase levels, reactive oxygen species, ATP expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were measured in H9C2 cells to preliminarily elucidate the impact of the UQCRC1 gene on mitochondrial function in rat hypoxic myocardial cells from both morphological and functional aspects. Our study sheds light on the partial mechanisms underlying the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic heart disease cardiomyopathy through the UQCRC1 pathway.
Comprehensive statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetics, safety and clinical benefit rate of MitoTam in a single-center phase I/Ib trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Bartosova Olga , Bielcikova Zuzana , Stursa Jan , Pesta Michal , Neuzil Jiri , Bursova Miroslava , Slanar Ondrej , Netikova Irena Stenglova , Werner Lukas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
MitoTam, the first mitochondrial inhibitor to disrupt complex I (CI)-dependent respiration, previously showed antitumor activity against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with a good safety profile. We investigated the relationships of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, biodistribution, and patient baseline diagnosis with the clinical outcome and toxicity of MitoTam.
Methods
In the phase I/Ib MitoTam-01 trial, patients with metastatic solid tumors were treated with MitoTam monotherapy. PK parameters were calculated separately for the doses used in both trial phases. Data were analyzed descriptive analyses and using the generalized linear model framework as stochastic test.
Results
The non-compartmental analysis of PK parameters showed that the extent of exposure was positively correlated with the dose. Most of the PK profiles suggested that MitoTam was redistributed from the tissues or from protein binding back into the blood circulation, with very low accumulation. The exposure‒efficacy relationship did not show significant differences between responders and non-responders in phase Ib. However, the AUC0-t and Cmax values were greater in RCC patients than in responders with other diagnoses. These data are consistent with the preclinical findings showing preferential MitoTam accumulation in kidneys and the high clinical benefit rate in RCC patients in the phase Ib part.
Conclusion
These comprehensive analyses demonstrate the impact of MitoTam on the clinical benefit rate that is related to the dose and corresponding PK parameters, as well the underlying diagnosis. The PK data supported the previously recommended dose of 3.0 mg/kg weekly for future trials.
Registration:
EudraCT 2017-004441-25 (November 1, 2017)
Impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the behavior and stress indicators of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to heat stress
Authors: Mahmoud Amr S. , Sayed Alaa El Din H. , Mahmoud Usama T. , Mohammed Ahmed A. A. , Darwish Madeha H. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the role of nano-zinc oxide in mitigating the deleterious effects of heat stress in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) by evaluating parameters such as aggressive behavior (biting frequency and chasing duration), hematological indicators, and stress-related biochemical markers. A total of 96 catfish were divided into four distinct groups (24 fish/group): The first group (CON) served as the control group, receiving a diet free of nano-zinc oxide. The second group (HS) was exposed to heat stress at 35°C ± 1°C. The third group (ZN) was fed a diet containing nano-zinc oxide at 30 mg/kg of the diet, and the fourth group (ZHN) was exposed to heat stress (35°C ± 1°C) and fed a diet containing nano-zinc oxide at 30 mg/kg of the diet. The results clarified that the aggressive behavior and cortisol levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the HS group compared to the CON and ZHN groups. Additionally, the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the HS group compared to the CON and ZHN groups. Meanwhile, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cells, alkaline phosphatase, and lymphocytes, was observed in fish belonging to the HS group, while the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, neutrophils, and monocytes showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). Supplementation with nano-zinc oxide significantly recovered most hematological and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, nano-zinc oxide contributed significantly to the regulation of the negative impacts of heat stress on fish by reducing aggressive behavior and cortisol levels. Additionally, it improved the levels of AChE and certain hematological and biochemical parameters.
The Heavy Metal Pollution Status and Health Risks Associated with 50 Tea Samples Marketed in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Yi Zhenke , Liang Yuting , Qiu Qiting , Xu Kailin , Wang Kang , Wu Yingxia , Zeng Yingxuan , Zhu Xinyan , Tuerxun Subi , Zhou Zhifeng , Ye Jufeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

While concerns exist regarding teas’ heavy metal contamination, originating from geological factors and anthropogenic activities, the study aims to evaluate the prevailing levels of contamination and assess the potential health hazards linked to tea consumption in Guangzhou. A total of 50 tea samples (comprising black tea, green tea, oolong tea and dark tea) were systematically collected from three districts of Guangzhou (Baiyun, Tianhe and Haizhu) in 2023. These samples underwent analysis utilizing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to ascertain the actual concentrations of six heavy metal elements, specifically arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). Our findings reveal that both tea variety and district influence the heavy metal content of tea, while there is no interaction between these two facts. The mean concentrations of these elements were arranged in the sequence of Cu＞Cr＞Pb＞As＞Cd＞Hg. Furthermore, we computed the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Index (HI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the six elements in different tea and districts. When categorized by tea types, the HI exposed on the order of dark tea>green tea> black tea＞oolong tea, while classified by districts is Baiyun>Haizhu>Tianhe. Also study suggests that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards posed by the six trace elements in samples are deemed minimal.