bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury and cardiogenic shock severity for mortality risk stratification in patients supported with VA ECMO
Authors: Li Chenglong , Wang Yiwen , Wang Xiaomeng , Shao Chengcheng , Xin Meng , Xu Bo , Hao Xing , Jia Ming , Yang Feng , Wang Liangshan , Wang Hong , Hou Xiaotong , Du Zhongtao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess the stage of acute kidney injury (AKI), as an index of organ perfusion, combined with shock severity, measured by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) shock stage classification, to stratify the risk of mortality in patients diagnosed with cardiogenic shock (CS) and supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO).Methods ans resultsFrom January 2018 to December 2020, consecutive adult patients diagnosed with CS and received VA ECMO were retrospectively evaluated. The highest AKI stage within 48 h after ECMO initiation was assessed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. We included 216 patients with a mean age of 58.8 years and 31.0% were females. 88.4% of patients received ECMO for postcardiotomy, while 11.6% for medical CS. The total in‐hospital mortality was 53.2%. AKI occurred in 182 (84.3%) patients receiving ECMO for CS. AKI stage 0, 1, 2, and 3 were present in 15.7%, 17.6%, 18.1%, and 48.6% of patients with in‐hospital mortality of 26.5%, 26.3%, 61.5%, and 68.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). The AKI stage (P < 0.001), SCAI shock stage before ECMO (P = 0.008), and NYHA ≥ Class III on admission (P = 0.044) were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.754 (95% confidence interval: 0.690 to 0.811) for AKI stage combined with SCAI shock stage was better than those for AKI stage (0.676), SCAI shock stage (0.657), serum lactate level (0.682), SOFA score (0.644), SVAE score (0.582), and VIS score (0.530) prior to ECMO.ConclusionsIn this single‐center CS population who received VA ECMO for circulatory support, predominantly postcardiotomy cases, AKI occurred in 84.3% of the patients. AKI stage, as an index of organ perfusion combined with shock severity measured by the SCAI shock classification, demonstrates a good correlation with in‐hospital mortality.
A simple electrochemical approach for the rapid determination of cannabinoid designer drug ADB‐BUTINACA
Authors: Novak Jovanović Ivana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work reports, for the first time, a simple, rapid and sensitive square‐wave voltammetric method for the determination of ADB‐BUTINACA, which is currently one the most prevalent synthetic cannabinoids on the drug market in the European Union. The method is based on the direct electrochemical oxidation of ADB‐BUTINACA at a modification‐free boron‐doped diamond electrode in aqueous electrolyte solution. Studies indicated that the oxidation of ADB‐BUTINACA is pH‐independent, irreversible and controlled by diffusion. The best SWV response for ADB‐BUTINACA was obtained in 0.1 mol dm−3 KNO3 buffered to pH 3, at a frequency of 100 Hz, a step potential of 2 mV and an amplitude of 50 mV. Under these conditions, the linear response for ADB‐BUTINACA was obtained in the concentration range of 1.1–104 μmol dm−3, and calculated LOD and LOQ were 0.83 and 2.50 μmol dm−3, respectively. The peak current based intra‐ and inter‐day precision values were 2.9 and 4.8 %, respectively. The spike‐recovery results in e‐liquid samples ranged between 92 and 104 %, confirming the applicability and good performance of the proposed method.
A novel hybrid efficiency prediction model for pumping well system based on MDS–SSA–GNN
Authors: Ma Biao , Dong Shimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prediction of the efficiency of oil well pumping systems plays an important role in optimizing the energy efficiency parameters of these systems. Currently, the prediction of oil well pumping system efficiency relies primarily on mechanistic models, but these models are often overly complex in predicting efficiency. Some researchers have attempted to use deep learning to predict system efficiency, but due to insufficient consideration of influencing factors and the causal relationships between these factors and system efficiency, they often include irrelevant variables as influencing factors, leading to less accurate prediction models. In this paper, a hybrid model (MDS–SSA–GNN) is proposed for the prediction of pumping well system efficiency. The model consists of six parts: Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC), multidimensional scaling (MDS) transform, maximum–minimum normalization, sparrow optimization algorithm (SSA), graph neural network (GNN), and maximum–minimum inverse normalization. First, the size of the correlation coefficient between each influencing factor and the system efficiency is quantitatively calculated by using PPMCC. Second, the main influencing factors are downscaled by using MDS and normalized based on the principle of maximum–minimum normalization. Third, the GNN algorithm is used for the prediction of the pumping unit system efficiency, and the SSA algorithm is used for the optimization of the initial values of the network parameters. Finally, the prediction results are obtained by the maximum–minimum antinormalization. To validate the model's accuracy, this study randomly selected 100 actual oil wells for comparative analysis and analyzed the impact of structural parameters of the hybrid algorithm on the prediction accuracy of system efficiency. The analysis results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively predict system efficiency and has a certain role in improving the accuracy of oil well pumping system efficiency predictions.
Analysis on cause of erosion of guide vane of high‐head Francis turbine in sandy river
Authors: Wang Haiqi , Pang Jiayang , Liu Xiaobing , Zhou Ziyao , Gang Yuanyuan , Lai Zhenming , Wang Jianming , Qin Bo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Kizilsu River Basin in China is located in the desert Gobi area with high sediment content and high hardness. After 4798h operation, the maintenance of a high‐head Francis turbine in this basin found that the guide vane was seriously worn, and even most of the top and lower skirts of the front of the guide vane were worn off. In this study, the k‐ε turbulence model, ZGB cavitation model and sediment erosion prediction model were used to simulate the solid‐liquid two‐phase flow and cavitation of guide vane. The research results show that the guide vane of a high‐head Francis turbine in a sandy river has a high sediment velocity and serious surface erosion, with the maximum erosion rate of 1.0 × 10−6 kg/(m2·s), while the area near the skirt of the guide vane is a low‐pressure area lower than the saturated steam pressure, and cavitation is very easy to occur, with the maximum vapor volume fraction of 0.9. Serious cavitation erosion occurs near the skirt of the guide vane, and the combined effect of sand erosion and cavitation erosion on the surface of the skirt of the guide vane aggravates the damage of the skirt structure. The research results provide a technical basis for the antiabrasion design of the guide mechanism of the high‐head Francis turbine and the operation and maintenance of the hydropower station in the sandy river.
A validity and reliability evaluation of fear of progression questionnaire in Iranian breast cancer patients: A methodological study
Authors: Sharif‐Nia Hamid , Sobhanian Pooria , Froelicher Erika Sivarajan , Farhadi Bahar , Hejazi Sima , Goudarzian Amir Hossein , Mohamadinezhad Mobin , Zaboli Ehsan , Hosseinian Mohammad Mohsen , Hasannezhad Reskati Maryam , Hosseini Seyed Hamzeh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsRecognizing the ability to adapt coping mechanisms in response to the unique issues present in various Iranian societies underscores the importance of considering culture and religion when interacting with diverse groups of individuals. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the fear of progression questionnaire‐short form (FoP‐Q‐SF) in Iranian breast cancer patients.MethodsIn this methodological cross‐sectional research design, 400 Iranian breast cancer patients completed the FoP‐Q‐SF in 2023. We assessed the characteristics, content, and both exploratory and confirmatory construct validity of the measures. To evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the FoP‐Q‐SF, we calculated Cronbach's α, McDonald's omega, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 49.18 (standard deviation = 16.14) years. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that a single‐factor structure, specifically the self‐efficacy scale, accounted for 65.045% of the total variance. The findings from the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a satisfactory model fit. The reliability analysis indicated that the internal consistency and stability of the measures were acceptable.ConclusionThe short Persian version of the FoP‐Q‐SF exhibits satisfactory validity and reliability. Thus, we recommend using this questionnaire to assess the fear of disease progression among breast cancer patients in Iran.
Beyond the false belief task: How children develop their knowledge about the mind
Authors: Białecka Marta , Gut Arkadiusz , Stępień‐Nycz Małgorzata , Macheta Krystian , Janczura Jakub 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious research on children's knowledge about the mind has primarily focused on their comprehension of false beliefs, leaving the conceptualization of thoughts and thinking less explored. To address this gap, we developed a new assessment tool, the interview about the mind (IaM), to assess children's understanding of the mind. Two studies involving Polish preschool and early school‐aged children were conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the tool: a cross‐sectional study with 212 preschoolers aged three to 6 years (106 boys, M = 59 months) followed by a longitudinal study with approximately 200 children (110 boys) assessed at ages 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 years. We found that the IaM possesses robust psychometric properties and a one‐factor structure. Younger children recognize that thoughts are imperceptible to the senses and identified the mind's location as the head. Older children exhibited difficulties with analogical or abstract definitions of thoughts. As expected, a linear developmental trajectory was evident from ages 5.5–7.5, with children's language abilities showing a positive correlation with IaM scores. Future research should explore the relationship between knowledge about the mind and theory of mind (ToM), as well as cross‐cultural differences in children's mind conceptualization.
Evaluating an Excel‐based tool for interpreting functional analyses: A functional analysis decision support system
Authors: Preston Amanda , Szikszai Paul , Saini Valdeep , Brightman Ryan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen applied to functional analysis results, structured visual inspection criteria have resulted in improvements in the levels of agreement between raters as well as earlier identification of the function of challenging behavior. However, multistep criteria can be difficult to apply in real time, which could be a barrier to widespread adoption in practice. This study evaluated a Microsoft‐Excel‐based functional analysis decision support system (FADSS), which could aid behavior analysts with interpreting functional analysis results. Final overall agreement between the FADSS and post hoc visual inspection was high at 95%. Final overall agreement between the post hoc results generated by FADSS and ongoing results generated by FADSS was acceptable at 81%, representing a 50% increase in efficiency. These results indicate that FADSS could aid behavior analysts when interpreting functional analysis results in real time.
The potential ameliorative role of Dimercaptosuccinic acid against the toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Caelatura nilotica clams
Authors: Abdel‑Azeem Hoda H. , Mohamed Azza H. , Osman Gamalat Y. , AbdElhafez AbdElhafez R. , Sheir Sherin K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe prevalent use of nanoparticles has adverse negative effects on biosystems. Subsequently, this study aimed to use Caelatura nilotica to assess the ecotoxicity of TiO2 NPs and how Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) improves these effects. Two concentrations of TiO2 NPs (25 and 150 µg/L) were used for 28 days. TiO2 NPs bioaccumulation, gonadal weight, gonado‐somatic index, and histopathological alterations of gonads were determined. The tissues’ accumulation of TiO2 NPs was concentration‐time‐dependent: it was 78.5 ± 28.93 μg/g dry weight in the exposed clams to 150 µg/L TiO2 NPs after 4 weeks of exposure. The gonadal weight and gonado‐somatic index significantly decreased of the exposed group to 150 µg/L TiO2 NPs over the experimental period that they ended with values (1.01 ± 0.57 gm, 19.15 ± 7.75%, respectively). There are some histological alterations in the gonads of C. nilotica such as necrosis, deteriorated connective tissue, increased fibrous tissue, a reduced presence of mature sperms and mature ova, and irregular shapes of testicular/ovarian follicles. When using Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), this led to a reduction in accumulation of TiO2 NPs by the end of the experiment. So, C. nilotica is a promising model to reflect the adverse nano‐toxics. DMSA emerges as a potentially valuable chelating agent that abolishes the negative effects of these nanoparticles.
More sleep for behavioral ecologists
Authors: Rößler Daniela C. , Klein Barrett A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom jellyfish to parrot fish and roundworms to homeotherms, all animals are thought to sleep. Despite its presumed universality, sleep is a poorly understood behavior, varying significantly in its expression across, and even within, animal lineages. There is still no consensus about the origin, architecture, ecology of sleep, or even its defining characters. The field of behavioral ecology has the potential to extend our knowledge of sleep behavior to nontraditional models and in ecologically relevant settings. Here, we highlight current efforts in diversifying the field to generate stronger synergies between historically human‐focused sleep research and behavioral ecology. Our primary aim is for behavioral ecology to enhance sleep research by contributing crucial observations as well as by creating novel comparative and evolutionary frameworks. At the same time, sleep research can enhance behavioral ecology by exposing the relevance of sleep to wakeful behaviors. Nikolaas Tinbergen's four levels of analysis have served as a foundation for comprehensively addressing questions in behavior, and we introduce some Tinbergian approaches to examine the interplay between sleep and wake under ecologically meaningful conditions.
Cycles in 3‐connected claw‐free planar graphs and 4‐connected planar graphs without 4‐cycles
Authors: Lo On‐Hei Solomon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cycle spectrum of a graph is the set of the cycle lengths in . Let be a graph class. For any integer , define to be the least integer such that for any with circumference at least . Denote by , and the classes of 3‐connected planar graphs, 3‐connected cubic planar graphs, 3‐connected claw‐free planar graphs, and 3‐connected claw‐free cubic planar graphs, respectively. The values of and were known for all . In the first part of this article, we prove the claw‐free version of these results by giving the values of and for all . In the second part we study the cycle spectra of 4‐connected planar graphs without 4‐cycles. Bondy conjectured that every 4‐connected planar graph has all cycle lengths from 3 to except possibly one even length. The truth of this conjecture would imply that every 4‐connected planar graph without 4‐cycles has all cycle lengths other than 4. It was already known that . We prove that can be embedded in the plane such that for any has a ‐cycle and all vertices not in lie in the exterior of .
Optimal timing of surgery after neoadjuvant treatment in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jung Hye‐Sol , Kwon Wooil , Yun Won‐Gun , Paik Woo Hyun , Hyub Lee Sang , Ryu Ji Kon , Oh Do‐Youn , Lee Kyoung Bun , Chie Eui Kyu , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant treatment (NAT) is standard for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). However, consensus is lacking on the optimal surgical timing for patients with BRPC undergoing NAT. The aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing NAT for BRPC and suggest optimal resection timing.MethodsProspectively collected data for 282 patients with BRPC between January 2007 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 164 patients who underwent NAT followed by surgery, 45 for chemotherapy only, and 73 for upfront surgery. Among them, 150 patients who underwent R0 or R1 resection following NAT were investigated to identify prognostic factors.ResultsPatients receiving NAT followed by surgery showed the best survival (median overall survival [OS]; NAT followed by surgery vs. upfront surgery vs. chemotherapy only; 35 vs. 23 vs. 16 months). In the NAT group, 54 (36.0%) patients received less than 3 months of NAT, 68 (45.3%) received ≥3, <6 months, and 28 (18.7%) received longer than 6 months. Patients receiving ≥3 months of NAT showed an improved OS compared to <3 months (median; not reached vs. 27 months). In the FOLFIRINOX group, patients who received more than eight FOLFIRINOX cycles showed a good prognosis (<6 vs. 6–7 vs. ≥8 cycles; median survival, 26 vs. 41 months vs. not‐reached). However, >12 cycles did not carry a survival benefit compared to 8–11 cycles.ConclusionThe optimal resection timing following NAT is once a patient undergoes at least 3 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or at least eight FOLFIRINOX cycles.
Oral pre‐ and early postnatal cannabis exposure disinhibits ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity but does not influence cocaine preference in offspring in mice
Authors: Peterson Colleen S. , Baglot Samantha L. , Sallam Nada A. , Mina Sarah , Hill Matthew N. , Borgland Stephanie L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCannabis consumption has increased from 1.5% to 2.5% in Canada between 2012 and 2019. Clinical studies have indicated effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on birth weight, substance use, and neurodevelopmental disorders, but are confounded by several difficult to control variables. Animal models allow for examination of the mechanism of cannabis‐induced changes in neurodevelopment and behavior, while controlling dose and timing. Several animal models of prenatal cannabis exposure exist which provide varying levels of construct validity, control of dose, and exposure to maternal stress. Using a voluntary oral consumption model, mouse dams received 5 mg/kg Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) whole cannabis oil in peanut butter daily from gestational day 1 (GD1) to postnatal day 10 (PD10). At GD1, GD18, PD1, PD10, and PD15, maternal plasma was collected; pup brains were collected from GD18 onward. Pup brains had higher levels of THC and cannabidiol at each time point, each of which persisted in maternal plasma and pup brains past the end of treatment (PD15). Male and female adolescent offspring were examined for changes to ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neuron activity and cocaine‐seeking behavior. Prenatal and early postnatal (GD1–PD10) cannabis‐exposed male, but not female mice had decreased gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) input, depolarized resting membrane potential, and increased spontaneous firing of VTA dopamine neurons. Cannabis‐exposed offspring showed faster decay of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) currents in both sexes. However, no differences in cocaine‐seeking behavior were noted. These data characterize a voluntary prenatal cannabis exposure model and demonstrates VTA dopamine neuronal activity is disinhibited in offspring.
Drivers of seasonal rainfall variability over the Angolan and Namibian plateaus
Authors: Pereira Carlos A. , Martins João P. , Fink Andreas H. , Pinto Joaquim G. , Ramos Alexandre M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSouthern Africa has been strongly affected by ongoing climate change in recent decades. Rainfall variability is modulated by regional patterns of moisture advection and convergence in the lower troposphere. Using reanalysis, ground and satellite‐based rainfall products and observations from 10 weather stations, we perform a synoptic and climatological analysis focussing on atmospheric circulation, moisture transport and their relationship with rainfall anomalies over the Angolan and Namibian Plateau region. Results clearly show that a stronger (weaker) Zambezi low level jet (LLJ) magnitudes are associated with above (below) normal rainfalls over the main Angolan and Namibian plateaus. With lower confidence, a stronger Limpopo LLJ may also lead to enhanced rainfall over Namibia and southeast Angola. The Zambezi LLJ moisture fluxes are moderately controlled by Mozambique Chanel Trough and Angola Low intensities, while the Limpopo LLJ intensities have very low influence from the Mozambique Chanel Trough and Angola Low, respectively. The Angola Low in its tropical phase is associated with deeper moisture convergence and stronger vertical velocities, leading to higher amounts of precipitable water within the air column, thus enhancing precipitation over the region. It is shown that the major moisture source of rainfall, which is advected to via the Zambezi LLJ, is the Indian Ocean. Meanwhile, the Atlantic Ocean plays a minor role. Given the current lack of observations and projected climate change, further research and investments are urgently needed in the region, for example, regarding the expansion of the surface data network.
Characteristics of enteral and oral nutrition support among infants and young children in the pediatric intensive care unit: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Winderlich Jacinta , Little Bridget , Oberender Felix , Bollard Tessa , Farrell Tamara , Jenkins Samantha , Landorf Emma , McCall Andrea , Menzies Jessica , O'Brien Katie , Rowe Carla , Sim Kirsten , van der Wilk Melanie , Woodgate Jemma , Paul Eldho , Udy Andrew A. , Ridley Emma J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren who are critically ill are often reliant on enteral and oral nutrition support. However, there is limited evidence to guide “what” to prescribe, and current practice is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to describe enteral nutrition prescription in children ≤2 years of age in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The secondary objectives were to describe oral nutrition support practices and factors associated with the use of increased energy and protein density nutrition support.MethodsChildren ≤2 years of age admitted to participating PICUs over a 2‐week period in June 2021 were enrolled. Data were collected on PICU admission days 1 to 7, 14, 21, and 28 on the mode of nutrition, enteral and oral nutrition support prescription, and dietitian intervention.ResultsEighty‐four children were included (49 [58%] male; 79 [94%] ≤1 year of age). Enteral nutrition was administered to 79 (94%) children (with expressed breast milk in 45 [57%]). Forty‐three children received formula as enteral nutrition. Increased energy and protein density formulas were provided to 14 (33%) children enterally, with concentrated standard infant formula powder being the most common (5 [12%]). Among children offered oral intake (22; 26%), three (14%) received oral nutrition support. Children who received increased energy and protein density enteral nutrition were more likely to receive dietitian intervention (P = 0.002).ConclusionIn children ≤2 years of age admitted to PICU, expressed breast milk was provided to half of those requiring enteral nutrition and oral nutrition support prescription was infrequent. One third of children receiving formula via enteral nutrition received an increased energy and protein density feed, and this was strongly associated with dietitian intervention.