bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Godunov-Type Solver for the Numerical Approximation of Gravitational Flows
Authors: Vides J. , Braconnier B. , Audit E. , Berthon C. , Nkonga B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present a new numerical method to approximate the solutions of an Euler-Poisson model, which is inherent to astrophysical flows where gravity plays an important role. We propose a discretization of gravity which ensures adequate coupling of the Poisson and Euler equations, paying particular attention to the gravity source term involved in the latter equations. In order to approximate this source term, its discretization is introduced into the approximate Riemann solver used for the Euler equations. A relaxation scheme is involved and its robustness is established. The method has been implemented in the software HERACLES [29] and several numerical experiments involving gravitational flows for astrophysics highlight the scheme.
Numerical Bifurcation Methods and their Application to Fluid Dynamics: Analysis beyond Simulation
Authors: Dijkstra Henk A. , Wubs Fred W. , Cliffe Andrew K. , Doedel Eusebius , Dragomirescu Ioana F. , Eckhardt Bruno , Gelfgat Alexander Yu. , Hazel Andrew L. , Lucarini Valerio , Salinger Andy G. , Phipps Erik T. , Sanchez-Umbria Juan , Schuttelaars Henk , Tuckerman Laurette S. , Thiele Uwe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe provide an overview of current techniques and typical applications of numerical bifurcation analysis in fluid dynamical problems. Many of these problems are characterized by high-dimensional dynamical systems which undergo transitions as parameters are changed. The computation of the critical conditions associated with these transitions, popularly referred to as ‘tipping points’, is important for understanding the transition mechanisms. We describe the two basic classes of methods of numerical bifurcation analysis, which differ in the explicit or implicit use of the Jacobian matrix of the dynamical system. The numerical challenges involved in both methods arementioned and possible solutions to current bottlenecks are given. To demonstrate that numerical bifurcation techniques are not restricted to relatively low-dimensional dynamical systems, we provide several examples of the application of the modern techniques to a diverse set of fluid mechanical problems.
A Phase-Field Model Coupled with Lattice Kinetics Solver for Modeling Crystal Growth in Furnaces
Authors: Lin Guang , Bao Jie , Xu Zhijie , Tartakovsky Alexandre M. , Henager Charles H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this study, we present a new numerical model for crystal growth in a vertical solidification system. This model takes into account the buoyancy induced convective flow and its effect on the crystal growth process. The evolution of the crystal growth interface is simulated using the phase-field method. A semi-implicit lattice kinetics solver based on the Boltzmann equation is employed to model the unsteady incompressible flow. This model is used to investigate the effect of furnace operational conditions on crystal growth interface profiles and growth velocities. For a simple case of macroscopic radial growth, the phase-field model is validated against an analytical solution. The numerical simulations reveal that for a certain set of temperature boundary conditions, the heat transport in the melt near the phase interface is diffusion dominant and advection is suppressed.
What Do Clinicians Think about Hip Precautions following Total Hip Replacement?
Authors: Coole Carol , Edwards Claire , Brewin Catherine , Drummond Avril 
Published: July 2013

Introduction: Hip precautions are routinely recommended by occupational therapists to reduce the risk of dislocation following total hip replacement. The purpose of this study was to report the views and experiences of clinicians on the use of hip precautions with this client group. Method: Data were gathered from six National Health Service trusts, through 16 semi-structured telephone interviews. Participants included occupational therapists, physiotherapists, surgeons and nurses and data were analysed thematically. Results: Themes identified were: the rationale for, and disadvantages of, routine hip precautions and issues in the consistency of their application; the barriers and facilitators to relaxing hip precautions and the process and impact of changing practice; the contextual factors of service change and support for further research. Conclusion: There is variation in the views of clinicians regarding hip precautions due to differences in surgical opinion and lack of evidence as to whether precautions affect the risk of dislocation. Relaxing the routine provision of hip precautions is perceived to have an impact on patient recovery and satisfaction, the role and skill mix of therapy services, length of hospital stay and resource use. Trials are urgently required to investigate the effect of hip precautions on patient and surgical outcomes.
What Actually Informs Practice: Occupational Therapists' Views of Evidence
Authors: Robertson Linda , Graham Fiona , Anderson Jane 
Published: July 2013

Introduction: This research aims to explore what New Zealand occupational therapists consider ‘evidence’ to be and how the search for evidence is accomplished in their practice. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 therapists who had shown variations in comfort levels with locating and implementing evidence. Findings: Four themes emerged from the data: (1) finding evidence to support practice: informal quick methods were favoured; (2) the nature of available evidence: evidence was considered to be of limited value in practice as the context of the research was often very different to the context of local practice; (3) the organisational influences: the culture of the work environment played a key role in the dissemination of knowledge and (4) the importance of evidence: the need to use evidence to support practice was appreciated by most therapists. In general, using reliable resources was regarded as key to evidence-based practice with availability of resources, therefore, deemed essential. Conclusion: Therapists value trustworthy research information that is pre-digested and can be readily used in practice. Where there is limited research evidence, the focus should be on the generation and dissemination of information from critical reflections on practice.
Forum: Die rot-grüne Gesundheitsreform: Modernisierung als Umverteilung
Authors: Rakowitz Nadja 
Published: July 2013

First paragraph
Das Gesundheitswesen ist – nicht nur in Deutschland – ein bedeutender ökonomischer Faktor. Mit einem Anteil von ca. zehn Prozent des BIP (ca. 250 Milliarden Euro Umsatz) liegt der Gesundheitssektor deutlich über dem Anteil der Kraftfahrzeugindustrie (vgl. Paetow 2002: 17). Trotz dieser im internationalen Vergleich relativ hohen Ausgaben hat der Sachverständigenrat für die Konzertierte Aktion im Gesundheitswesen im Jahr 2001 Über-, Unter- und Fehlversorgung im deutschen Gesundheitswesen festgestellt (vgl. Sachverständigenrat 2000 / 2001). Dabei sind die Ausgaben für Gesundheitsversorgung nur absolut gestiegen, in Relation zum BIP in den letzten 20 Jahren aber konstant geblieben. Die Beiträge zur Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) steigen wegen mangelnder Einnahmen, die auf die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit und die drastisch gesunkene bereinigte Lohnquote zurückzuführen sind. Trotzdem hat sich die These von der »Kosten-explosion« nicht nur in der politischen Klasse und bei den Arbeitgebern, sondern – so scheint es zumindest – auch in großen Teilen der Bevölkerung so weit zu einem »ökonomischen Faktum« verfestigt, dass eine »Reform« des Gesundheitswesens mit dem Zweck der Senkung der Beitragssätze geradezu Sachzwangcharakter bekommen hat.
Overcoming Rent by Using Rent: The Challenge of Development
Authors: Elsenhans Hartmut 
Published: July 2013

The article tracks the current crises of development theory in the understanding of the differences in political economy of developed capitalism (rising mass incomes) and underdeveloped economies (labor surplus and rent). The challenge of rents consists in spontaneous tendencies of its wasteful use for blocking development, which do, however, not exclude its possible use for the elimination of marginality.
A convoy model of globalization with world wide full employment and an underconsumptionist model are distinguished. In the convoy model, an under-developed economy reaches full employment on the basis of devaluation. In the underconsumptionist model, devaluation-driven export-oriented industrialization does because of its too small impact not lead to the scarcity of average skilled labor. Leading industrialized countries react to the new competitiveness of catching-up economies through the implementation of wage restraint and industrial policies. Rent bounces back. Establishing a convoy model requires development policies characterized by an intelligent mix of rising mass incomes, reduced rents and devaluation-driven industrialization together with state support for investment.
Sensory evaluation for broiler meat after addition Slovak bee pollen in their feed mixture
Authors: Haščí­k Peter , Elimam Ibrahim Omer Elamin , Garlí­k Jozef , Bobko Marek , Kročko Miroslav 
Published: July 2013

The study aimed to investigate the impact of Slovak bee pollen as supplement dietary in different doses (1000, 1500, 2500, 3500 and 4500 mg.kg-1 of feed mixture) on the sensory quality of broiler chickens. The study was carried out 180 one day-old chickens, which were divided into 6 groups (n=30). From each halves were separately sensory evaluated part from a thigh and breast. Samples of heat treated meat were evaluated by a 6 member semi-trained panel of laboratory co-workers. Panelists evaluate aroma, juiciness, taste and tenderness on 5 point hedonic scale where 1 (the worst) and 5 (the best) were the extremes of each characteristic. The values of aroma, taste, juiciness and tenderness in breast and thigh muscles were higher in experimental groups in compare to control. The bee pollen has a positive impact on the taste, aroma, juiciness and tenderness of chickens thighs and breasts. Although the value of shear force in chicken thigh was significantly highest in E2 samples, addition of bee pollen to the diet for broiler chickens had no significatly negative effect on the thigh tenderness. Baking losses, as the second technological parameter, were also not significantly affected by nutrition with bee pollen supplement.
Evaluation of anthocynin changes in blueberries and in blueberry jam after the processing and storage
Authors: Mendelová Andrea , Mendel Ľubomí­r , Fikselová Martina , Czako Peter 
Published: July 2013

Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is worldwide famous as the healthy and desirable fruit. The most valuable nutritional components of fruits are polyphenols, which include anthocyanins. The aim of the study was to assess the content of anthocyanin dyes in selected varieties of blueberry fruit. We evaluated the changes in the content of colorants that occur after treatment for fruit jam and its subsequent storage at 21°C under the light. Varieties Ramcocas, Record, Iranka, Nelson, Pemberton, Jersey and Coville were observed. Content of anthocyanins was determined spectrophotometrically. In fresh fruits anthocyanin content ranged from 9.878 g kg-1 of dry matter (Jersey variety) to 18.555 g kg-1 of dry matter (Nelson variety). After treatment there was found a decrease in the anthocyanins content, in the product's content were determined in the amount 1.645 g kg-1 of dry matter (Jersey variety) to 3.476 g kg-1 of dry matter (variety Ramcocas). The decrease was due to decomposition of anthocyans at high temperatures in processed products and also by the replacement of dry matter by sucrose in the product. Mean color decrease in blueberry jam was 84.5%. After storage of the product, there were found further degradations of colorants, evaluated at 34.9%. The content of anthocyanin in jam was found to be 1.089 g kg-1 of dry matter (Jersey variety) to 2.199 g kg-1 of dry matter (Ramcocas variety).
Musical and Dramatic Design in Bernard Herrmann’s Prelude to Vertigo (1958)
Authors: Blim Dan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In Vertigo (1958), director Alfred Hitchcock repeatedly employs the motif of mirrors and spirals, both literal and figurative. This essay first traces how these motifs informed Bernard Herrmann’s approach to scoring the film, then offers a closer analysis of Herrmann’s iconic Prelude, arguing that Herrmann’s music foreshadows narrative events.
Global adaptive linear control of the permanent‐magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Loria Antonio , Espinosa‐Pérez Gerardo , Avila‐Becerril Sofía 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYWe contribute with a linear time‐varying controller for the permanent magnet synchronous motor. We solve the open problem of speed‐tracking control by measuring only stator currents and the rotor angular positions, under parametric uncertainty. Integral action is used to compensate for the effects of the unknown load‐torque, and adaptation is employed to estimate the unknown parameters. In the case that parameters are known (except for the load), we show that the origin of the closed‐loop system is uniformly globally exponentially stable. For the case of unknown parameters, we prove uniform global asymptotic stability; hence, we establish parametric convergence. In contrast to other adaptive control schemes for electrical machines, we use a reduced‐order adaptive controller. Indeed, adaptation is used only for the electrical dynamics equations. Moreover, not surprisingly, the closed‐loop system has a structure well‐studied in adaptive‐control literature. Performance is illustrated in a numerical setting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memories of Shame Experiences with Others and Depression Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance
Authors: Carvalho Sérgio , Dinis Alexandra , Pinto‐Gouveia José , Estanqueiro Cátia 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundShame experiences have been suggested to be related with psychopathological symptoms and with self‐relevant beliefs. Recent studies also suggest that avoidant‐focused strategies (e.g., rumination, thought suppression and dissociation) mediate the impact of shame memories and depression symptoms. However, experiential avoidance has been found to mediate the relation between early experience of abuse and psychopathological symptoms.Our goal was to test the mediating effect of experiential avoidance in the relation between both the nature of shame experiences at the hands of caregivers and the centrality of shame memories with others, and depression symptoms.MethodUsing structural equation modelling, we assessed the frequency and nature of recalled shame experiences at the hands of caregivers, the centrality of shame experiences with others throughout childhood and adolescence, experiential avoidance and depression symptomatology in 161 participants from general population.ResultsExperiential avoidance mediates the impact of shame experiences with caregivers and depression symptoms. Experiential avoidance also mediated the association between the centrality of shame experiences with others and depression symptoms.ConclusionOur results suggest that shame memories with others do notper seimpact on depression symptoms, but rather the unwillingness to experience them and the attempts to control them. Hence, our results emphasize the importance of addressing affect regulation processes such as avoidance when dealing with shame memories, particularly with patients who experience depression symptoms.Key Practitioner MessageThe recall of shame experiences with caregivers is associated with the experience of depression symptoms, even when these experiences are not perceived as central points to one's life identity and story. This seems to suggest a necessity to explore these experiences in a therapeutic setting.Our findings suggest that experiential avoidance is a key process through which these memories of shame experiences impact on depression symptomatology. Hence, it seems to be of great importance to reduce experiential avoidance and help people change the way they relate with these memories.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancing universal coverage of healthcare in China: translating political will into policy and practice
Authors: Tang Shenglan , Brixi Hana , Bekedam Henk 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYChina launched its new health system reform plan in 2009 to advance its universal coverage of healthcare, after more than 4 years' consultations and discussions with various stakeholders including the public. This paper aims to introduce and discuss the context and process of China's current health system reform and analyse how political will in China has been translated into policy practice over the past decade. The paper also shares the insights of World Health Organization's contribution to China's health system reform, as the authors advised the Chinese government on the reform options and process. Furthermore, the paper describes and discusses key challenges in the implementation of the reform plan over the past 3 years and draws lessons for other countries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Modified Grapefruit Juice Eliminates Two Compound Classes as Major Mediators of the Grapefruit Juice–Fexofenadine Interaction: An In Vitro–In Vivo “Connect”
Authors: Won Christina S. , Lan Tian , VanderMolen Karen M. , Dawson Paul A. , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Widmer Wilbur W. , Scarlett Yolanda V. , Paine Mary F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe grapefruit juice (GFJ)–fexofenadine interaction involves inhibition of intestinal organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)‐mediated uptake. Only naringin has been shown clinically to inhibit intestinal OATP; other constituents have not been evaluated. The effects of a modified GFJ devoid of furanocoumarins (∼99%) and polymethoxyflavones (∼90%) on fexofenadine disposition were compared to effects of the original juice. Extracts of both juices inhibited estrone 3‐sulfate and fexofenadine uptake by similar extents in OATP‐transfected cells (∼50% and ∼25%, respectively). Healthy volunteers (n = 18) were administered fexofenadine (120 mg) with water, GFJ, or modified GFJ (240 mL) by randomized, three‐way crossover design. Compared to water, both juices decreased fexofenadine geometric mean AUC and Cmax by ∼25% (P ≤ .008 and P ≤ .011, respectively), with no effect on terminal half‐life (P = .11). Similar effects by both juices on fexofenadine pharmacokinetics indicate furanocoumarins and polymethoxyflavones are not major mediators of the GFJ–fexofenadine interaction.
A statistical study of electron acceleration behind the dipolarization fronts in the magnetotail
Authors: Wu MingYu , Lu QuanMing , Volwerk Martin , Vörös Zoltán , Zhang TieLong , Shan LiCan , Huang Can 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe investigate the electron acceleration behind dipolarization fronts (DFs) in the magnetotail from −25 RE to −10 RE through the examination of the energetic electron energy flux (>30 keV) with the observations from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS). Statistical results of 133 DF events are presented based on the data set from January to April of the years 2008 and 2009. As the DFs propagate earthward, the acceleration of energetic electrons behind the DFs is found to take place over several RE along the tail. The increase in energetic electron energy flux can reach 2–4 orders of magnitude. The dominant acceleration mechanisms are different in the midtail (XGSM ≤ −15 RE) and the near‐Earth region (−15 < XGSM ≤ −10 RE). In the midtail, the majority of DF events show that the dominant electron acceleration mechanism is betatron acceleration. In the near‐Earth region, betatron acceleration is dominant in ~46% DF events while Fermi acceleration is dominant in ~39% DF events.
Simpson's paradox in trend analysis: An example from El Leoncito airglow data
Authors: Scheer Jürgen , Reisin Esteban R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe use our mesopause region temperature data from El Leoncito (31.8°S, 69.3°W) to illustrate how the increased length of the data set alone does not simplify trend analysis. This is because the adequate interpretation of trend results does not only depend on the statistical characteristics of the data time series. A longer data set may make unexpected features stand out, which require an explanation before definite conclusions on long‐term trends can be drawn. While the rotational temperatures derived at El Leoncito from the OH(6–2) airglow band appear rather homogeneous at first sight, the O2temperatures measured with the same instrument and optical filter exhibit features strongly reminiscent of Simpson's classical statistical paradox, in that straightforward trends derived from parts show signs opposite to those of the complete data set. The resolution of this paradox requires more efforts to diagnose and remove the impact of instrumental artifacts besides taking any other geophysical variation that does not directly contribute to long‐term change into account. Intercomparison with other instruments is certainly useful but may warrant the elimination of new uncertainties discovered in the act.
Linking Crimes Using Behavioural Clues: Current Levels of Linking Accuracy and Strategies for Moving Forward
Authors: Bennell Craig , Mugford Rebecca , Ellingwood Holly , Woodhams Jessica 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe number of published studies examining crime linkage analysis has grown rapidly over the last decade, to the point where a special issue of this journal has recently been dedicated to the topic. Many of these studies have used a particular measure (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, or the AUC) to quantify the degree to which it is possible to link crimes. This article reviews studies that have utilised the AUC and examines how good we are currently at linking crimes (within the context of these research studies) and what factors impact linking accuracy. The results of the review suggest that, in the majority of cases, moderate levels of linking accuracy are achieved. Of the various factors that have been examined that might impact linking accuracy, the three factors that appear to have the most significant impact are crime type, behavioural domain, and jurisdiction. We discuss how generalisable these results are to naturalistic investigative settings. We also highlight some of the important limitations of the linking studies that we reviewed and offer up some strategies for moving this area of research forward. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.