bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmopolitans, Spatial Mobility and the Alternative Geographies
Authors: Nowicka Magdalena 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
This paper seeks to reframe the debates on cosmopolitanism and mobile cosmopolitan subjects by focusing its analysis on a multidimensional character of sociospatial relations. In particular, it critically engages with these works which too often see subjects as social categories and distinguish cosmopolitans from others, and which are silent about how people relate to space. The paper makes use of the study of mobile professionals working an international organization belonging to the United Nation family of organizations and argues that mobility in space creates a condition for emerging of sites of diversity and of new spatial imaginaries. It asks how these two aspects are related to each other. While the first aspect is addressed in the empirical studies, the paper makes a claim that cosmopolitanism is about challenging the latent spatial imaginaries and creating alternative geographies. Grounding this claim in empirical research, the paper complements the theoretical works on normative cosmopolitanism.
The Unbearable Likeness of Being a Tourist: Expats, Travel and Imaginaries in the Neo-colonial Orient
Authors: Norum Roger Edward 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
This paper considers the impact of shared imaginaries of mobility among so-called elite, mobile professionals — early-career expatriates living in Nepal for a period of one to three years. Based on 18 months of fieldwork among expatriates in Kathmandu, I explore the ways in which these actors construct, navigate and narrativise the boundaries between themselves and the many tourists who visit Nepal each year. While in some transnational contexts, these guests may seek to align themselves with other guests such as tourists and foreign residents as a means of asserting and expressing shared commonalities of transnationality and mobility, expatriates in Kathmandu are keen to highlight perceived distance between themselves and other guests as much as they are the perceived proximities between themselves and native Nepalis. In focusing on this former interaction, I show that tourist imaginaries become important means for expatriates to negotiate difference as they learn their new local identities in a context of spatial and temporal transience. Though the academic literatures of migration and tourism have developed more or less in isolation from one another, these two spheres of mobility are in fact very much interrelated. I suggest that anthropological research into the self-conceptions of mobile professionals take into consideration other non-local groups with whom they share local spaces, since these actors can be used instrumentally as a means of strengthening both group and individual identities. If anthropology engages effectively with the interactions between hosts and guests in colonial spaces, I argue that just as much can be gleaned by looking at engagements between guests and other guests. Through a consideration of these border zones of encounter, anthropologists can illustrate ethnographically how individual expatriate identities are negotiated within communities of elite, mobile professionals.
Lifestyle Migration in South Sinai, Egypt: Nationalisation, Privileged Citizenship and Indigenous Rights
Authors: Karkabi Nadeem 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
The South Sinai region in Egypt has been a politically disputed borderland. After three decades, it was transformed to a tourist area and, in recent years, seen the development of residential settlements as well. This paper will explore how European lifestyle migrants and indigenous Bedouins negotiate civil membership vis-à-vis the Egyptian state in the tourist coastal towns in the area. It will discuss the implementation of governmental policies to nationalise South Sinai, on the one hand, and the establishment of civic spaces operating on free global market basis in order to achieve financial development, on the other. The contradiction between these two processes created a situation where a group of foreign migrants was allowed privileged rights, whereas indigenous Bedouins were collectively marginalised. By relating to policies regarding property ownership and accommodation of lifestyle migration, I will discuss how the Egyptian government allowed not only individual inequality, but also a categorical difference, to prevail based on tribal affiliation and financial qualifications away from national belonging. The violation of the sensitive equilibrium operating within the frames of the modern nation-state, between the idea of national community with equal rights and that of free economic rights to individual property, has created a threat to the Egyptian state as a governing authority.
Naturally Occurring Interactions and Guidance Codifications in Healthcare Communication Analysis: the Case of Praising Obese Patients
Authors: Webb Helena 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
Studies of face-to-face communication illuminate the ways in which the conduct and outcome of healthcare encounters is contingent on the interactions that occur within them. Work in this field benefits from the increasing availability and acceptance of recording technologies for data collection, enabling the production of richly detailed investigations of real-time healthcare communication. At the same time the growing interest within healthcare professions in inter-personal communication has lead to codification of interactional practices in guidance and training documents. This article argues that the intersection of these two developments presents a significant opportunity for fruitful research: analyses of naturally occurring communication in consultations can take the interactional practices prescribed in guidance and training documents as a topic or starting point for investigation. The subsequent results enhance empirical and conceptual knowledge whilst also offering a commentary on the guidance prescriptions. To demonstrate this, the article reports on a conversation analytic investigation of compliments in specialist obesity consultations prompted by guidance recommending the praise of these patients ‘every opportunity’. The findings reveal that the actions of praise-giving and response are interactionally complex in this kind of setting and closely associated with certain institutional and normative dynamics, thereby the guidance is less straightforwardly positive than it at first appears. By advancing analytic understanding and offering practical implications this kind of approach makes a substantial contribution to the interpersonal level of healthcare communication analysis.
Prenatal Googling: Online Information Seeking by Israeli Women During Pregnancy
Authors: Lev Eimi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
In recent years, the internet has become a popular medium for pregnant women seeking pregnancy-related information (Gao et al., 2012; Lagan, Sinclair & Kernohan, 2010; Romano, 2007; Song, West, Lundy & Smith-Dahmen, 2012). This study which utilized a qualitative approach explores Israeli women’s online information seeking during pregnancy. Israel is an especially interesting and important case study for exploring pregnancy-related internet use, because Israel has the highest rate of prenatal testing in the world (Lavi, 2010). The findings of this study indicated that the most prominent type of information sought by Israeli pregnant women online was focused on prenatal tests. The internet as a source of pregnancy-related information seems to function not just as a means to fulfill personal informational needs, but also to represent a broader social phenomenon of a highly medicalized pregnancy that seem to intensify uncertainty and therefore, to increase the need to rely on the internet during pregnancy.
The Ability of Narrative Communication to Address Health-related Social Norms
Authors: Moran Meghan Bridgid , Murphy Sheila T. , Frank Lauren B. , Baezconde-Garbanati Lourdes 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
Social norms are an important predictor of health behavior and have been targeted by a variety of health communication campaigns. However, these campaigns often encounter challenges related to the socially specific context in which norms exist: specifically, the extent to which the target population identifies with the specific reference group depicted and the extent to which the target population believes the campaign’s message. We argue that because of its capacity to effect identification among viewers, narrative communication is particularly appropriate for impacting social norms and, consequently, behavioral intention. This manuscript presents the results of a randomized trial testing the effectiveness of two films – one narrative, one non-narrative – in changing perceived social norms and behavioral intention regarding Pap testing to detect cervical cancer. Results of the study indicate that the narrative film was in fact more effective at producing positive changes in perceived norms and intention.
Analyzing Behavior Within Networks After Fragmentation. The Coagulant Agent Approach
Authors: Raț Tudor 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper introduces a simple mathematical algorithm for identifying the nodes that will most likely act as re-coagulants once the ‘key-players’ are removed. By comparing the difference between in-degree and out-degree centrality scores (assuming that the relational data are directed) and comparing that value with the overall degree score, one can infer where a node sits on the ‘sink-source’ continuum. Furthermore, assuming that the nodes will not change their behavior patterns as a result of the prior ‘intervention’, this algorithm could indicate whether the nodes will act as relational ‘magnets’ (will attract new ties) or as ‘leeches’ (will seek to attach themselves to other nodes).
Deliberation within Sectors. Making the Case for Sector Mini-publics
Authors: Raisio Harri , Carson Lyn 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper it will be argued that a particular type of collaborative governance, sector mini-publics, has tremendous utility for policy formulation or evaluation. Sector mini-publics can be situated between traditional mini-publics and enclave deliberation, and should be evaluated using the same criteria applied to mini-publics in general, i.e. those that select from amongst the entire population. Inclusiveness, deliberation and influence are just as important as criteria for evaluation. Drawing on three examples of sector mini-publics, each involving a particular sector (young people, people with disabilities and the elderly), the authors build their argument that sector mini-publics have proven value, and should be encouraged, as well as subjected to further research.
Human Capital for a Planned Economy Relations of Correspondence and Unintended Consequences in the Higher Education of Communist Romania
Authors: Vlăsceanu Lazăr , Hâncean Marian-Gabriel 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
Our main purpose was to look into the correspondence relation between the macro-level normative planning within higher education (implemented by the Romanian communist state) and the de facto micro-level occupational mobility of higher education graduates. We unraveled a consistent lack of correspondence between higher education graduates’ flows and economic production, split on different areas (i.e. industry, agriculture, services). In this light, the production of services significantly increased during communism, given an insignificant oscillation in the number of specialists in services, and in spite of the state’s priority to support industrial production by sustaining large numbers of technical higher education graduates. Identifying time series data on education, population and economy, we explored trends from cross national (i.e. Romania in the context of the Eastern Communist Block) and cross topic (i.e. education, demography and economy) perspectives. We used regression equations to estimate linear trends, the Dickey-Fuller test for stationary checking, and the original stationary variable differencing for oscillation comparative purposes. Our main finding was that the inflation of technical higher education graduates, triggered by the Romanian communist state to support the industry, backfired an informal individual occupational mobility towards urban areas that offered jobs in the service sector.
Centrally Planned Allocation of Higher Education Graduates in Romania (1950-1970)
Authors: Cazan Marius 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
The centrally planned compulsory assignment (‘repartition’) of higher education graduates to various socialist enterprises and/or institutions was one of the novelties brought along by the communist system in Romania, closely following the Soviet model. The article focuses on the regulations aspects of how this system actually functioned in the 1950s and 1960s. It demonstrates that in the first stage, the system presented loopholes which allowed some of the graduates to avoid going to the socialist units to which they had been assigned, and the management of these units to refuse to accept graduates they did not really want. Therefore, even if the system was marred by many arbitrary decisions and by ideological considerations that often dwarfed meritocratic criteria, during the 1950s the system allowed for considerable individual bargaining and agency at the margin of official rules. Yet, gradually, the loopholes were closed with the help of targeted bureaucratic regulations, and while meritocratic criteria became increasingly important in the process of assigning higher education graduates to their future workplaces, the system became tighter and allowed for fewer opportunities to circumvent the official rules.
Job Assignment of Graduates of the University of Bucharest and Their Integration in the Labor System of the 1980s
Authors: Rotaru Mirela 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:
According to the official communist rhetoric, the assignment of higher education graduates to socialist enterprises and/or institutions was ‘an action with profound social-political meanings, which aims to ensure the production units and other areas which the specialists they need’. The closure of the top most populated 14 cities starting with 1981 combined with the economic crisis of the 1980s and with various measures of the regime perceived as absurd, and made the system more restrictive than ever before. This study focuses on the changes of the job supply for graduates of the University of Bucharest during the 1980s, and on the process of assigning graduates to their work-place.
An explanation of the pathophysiology of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in iron deficiency
Authors: Bakoyiannis Ioannis , Gkioka Eleana , Daskalopoulou Afrodite , Korou Laskarina-Maria , Perrea Despina , Pergialiotis Vasilios 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIron deficiency (ID) is a major public health problem worldwide among children aged 0–12 months. Several factors seem to contribute to the iron-deficient state in infancy, including insufficient antenatal and neonatal iron supplementation, exclusive breastfeeding, and early umbilical cord clamping after birth. The most concerning complications of ID, except for anemia, are related to altered long-term neurodevelopment. Clinical studies have shown a negative impact of ID anemia on fetal and neonatal behavior including impairments of motor maturity, autonomic response, memory/learning, and mood. ID-induced defects during infancy seem to persist later in life, even after ID treatment. The underlying mechanisms involve dysfunctional myelination, neurotransmission alterations, and altered synaptogenesis and/or dendritogenesis. The purpose of the present review is to summarize these mechanisms and to provide recommendations for future clinical research in the field.
Determining clinical and biological indicators for health outcomes in adult patients with childhood onset of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Bachelot Anne , Golmard Jean Louis , Dulon Jérôme , Dahmoune Nora , Leban Monique , Bouvattier Claire , Cabrol Sylvie , Leger Juliane , Polak Michel , Touraine Philippe 
Published: May 2015

AimAdverse outcomes in adult congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients are frequent. The determinants of them have not yet been established.ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence of adverse outcomes and to find determining factors for each of them.Design, patients, and methodsCross-sectional monocentric study of 104 patients with childhood onset of CAH (71 women, 33 men). Analysis established first the determinants of clinical, hormonal, genetic variables and second a composite criterion for some of the outcomes and determinants.ResultsBMI was above 25 kg/m2 in 44% of the cohort, adrenal hyperplasia and/or nodules were present in 45% of the patients, and irregular menstrual cycles and hyperandrogenism were found in 50 and 35% of the women respectively. In univariate analysis, the determinants of these outcomes were all linked to disease control, especially 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and androstenedione concentrations. Low weight was a determinant of abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) (60% of the cohort). Multivariate analysis confirmed these data. A classic form (CF) of CAH was a determinant of testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) (36% of the men). Total cumulative glucocorticoid dose was a determinant of BMI and TART, whereas fludrocortisone dose was a determinant of TART (P=0.03). In men, the composite criterion was associated with androstenedione concentration and CF. In women, the composite criterion was associated with total testosterone concentration.ConclusionThe present study confirms the high prevalence of adverse outcomes in CAH patients. These are, most often, related to disease control. The impaired health status of adults with CAH could therefore be improved through the modification of treatment.
Circulating IGF1 and IGFBP3 in relation to the development of β-cell autoimmunity in young children
Authors: Peet Aleksandr , Hämäläinen Anu-Maaria , Kool Pille , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael , Tillmann Vallo , _ _ 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThis study aimed at investigating the role of IGF1 and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in the development of β-cell autoimmunity.MethodsFive hundred and sixty-three subjects with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) were monitored for signs of seroconversion to positivity for insulin and/or GAD, IA2, and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies by the age of 3 years. In 40 subjects who developed at least one autoantibody, IGF1 and IGFBP3 plasma concentrations were measured and compared with 80 control subjects who remained negative for autoantibodies, and were matched for age, sex, country of origin, and HLA genotype. The increments of IGF1, IGFBP3, and IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio before and after seroconverison were compared with corresponding time intervals in controls.ResultsThe IGF1 concentrations at the age of 12 months and the IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio at the age of 24 months were lower in the autoantibody-positive children (P<0.05). The increase in circulating IGFBP3 was significantly higher in the autoantibody-positive children before seroconversion than in the corresponding time intervals in controls (0.43 mg/l; 95% CI 0.29–0.56 vs 0.22 mg/l; 95% CI 0.10–0.34 mg/l;P<0.01). Children carrying the high-risk HLA genotype had lower plasma IGF1 and IGFBP3 concentrations at the age of 24 months than those with low-risk genotypes (P<0.05 and < 0.01 respectively).ConclusionsCirculating IGF1 and IGFBP3 appear to have a role in early development of β-cell autoimmunity. The decreased IGF1 concentrations in children with the high-risk HLA genotype may contribute to the reduced growth previously described in such children.
Fine Mapping Causal Variants with an Approximate Bayesian Method Using Marginal Test Statistics
Authors: Chen Wenan , Larrabee Beth R , Ovsyannikova Inna G , Kennedy Richard B , Haralambieva Iana H , Poland Gregory A , Schaid Daniel J 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo recently developed fine-mapping methods, CAVIAR and PAINTOR, demonstrate better performance over other fine-mapping methods. They also have the advantage of using only the marginal test statistics and the correlation among SNPs. Both methods leverage the fact that the marginal test statistics asymptotically follow a multivariate normal distribution and are likelihood based. However, their relationship with Bayesian fine mapping, such as BIMBAM, is not clear. In this study, we first show that CAVIAR and BIMBAM are actually approximately equivalent to each other. This leads to a fine-mapping method using marginal test statistics in the Bayesian framework, which we call CAVIAR Bayes factor (CAVIARBF). Another advantage of the Bayesian framework is that it can answer both association and fine-mapping questions. We also used simulations to compare CAVIARBF with other methods under different numbers of causal variants. The results showed that both CAVIARBF and BIMBAM have better performance than PAINTOR and other methods. Compared to BIMBAM, CAVIARBF has the advantage of using only marginal test statistics and takes about one-quarter to one-fifth of the running time. We applied different methods on two independent cohorts of the same phenotype. Results showed that CAVIARBF, BIMBAM, and PAINTOR selected the same top 3 SNPs; however, CAVIARBF and BIMBAM had better consistency in selecting the top 10 ranked SNPs between the two cohorts. Software is available at https://bitbucket.org/Wenan/caviarbf.
Dimensionality of the 9‐item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale revisited: A Bayesian structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Fong Ted C. T. , Ho Rainbow T. H. 
Published: May 2015

Dimensionality of the 9‐item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale revisited: A Bayesian structural equation modeling approach: Ted C. T. Fong, et al. Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong KongObjectiveThe aim of this study was to reexamine the dimensionality of the widely used 9‐item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale using the maximum likelihood (ML) approach and Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) approach.MethodsThree measurement models (1‐factor, 3‐factor, and bi‐factor models) were evaluated in two split samples of 1,112 health‐care workers using confirmatory factor analysis and BSEM, which specified small‐variance informative priors for cross‐loadings and residual covariances. Model fit and comparisons were evaluated by posterior predictive p‐value (PPP), deviance information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion (BIC).ResultsNone of the three ML‐based models showed an adequate fit to the data. The use of informative priors for cross‐loadings did not improve the PPP for the models. The 1‐factor BSEM model with approximately zero residual covariances displayed a good fit (PPP>0.10) to both samples and a substantially lower BIC than its 3‐factor and bi‐factor counterparts.ConclusionsThe BSEM results demonstrate empirical support for the 1‐factor model as a parsimonious and reasonable representation of work engagement.
Characterization of Electron-Induced Defects in Cu (In, Ga) Se2 Thin Films by Photoluminescence
Authors: Kawakita Shirou , Imaizumi Mitsuru , Ishizuka Shogo , Shibata Hajime , Niki Shigeru , Okuda Shuichi , Kusawake Hiroaki 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTCIGS thin films were irradiated with 100 or 250 keV electrons to reveal the radiation defect by analyzing PL measurement. The PL intensity decreased due to non-radiative recombination defects induced by electron irradiation. Furthermore, the intensity 0.8 eV peak of the PL spectrum was observed from CIGS films irradiated with 250 eV electrons and is said to correspond to In-antisite defects in CIGS materials. The defects can usually change into InCu-VCu complex defects combined with VCu, since the formation energy of the complex defect is lower than that of each defect. Cu interstitial defects induced by 250 keV electron irradiation would diffuse to VCu of the complex defect, whereupon the complex defect might become an In-antisite defect due to 250 keV electron irradiation.