bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent use of blood-saving measures in elective orthopaedic surgery: a 2012 Dutch blood management survey
Authors: Voorn Veronique MA , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J , Wentink Manon M , So-Osman Cynthia , Vliet Vlieland Thea PM , Koopman-van Gemert Ankie WMM , Nelissen Rob GHH , Van Bodegom-Vos Leti ,   for the LISBOA study group
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Blood loss in hip and knee arthroplasties may necessitate allogeneic blood transfusions. Different blood-saving measures (BSMs) were introduced to reduce these transfusions. Purpose of the present study was to assess the frequency of BSM use, stratified by type and hospital setting of orthopaedic departments in the Netherlands.

Methods
An internet-based questionnaire was sent to all heads of orthopaedic departments of Dutch hospitals and private clinics (n = 99). Questions were asked on how often BSMs were used, reported on a 5-point Likert scale (never, almost never, regularly, almost always, always). In addition there were questions about discontinuation of anticoagulants preoperatively, the number of annually performed arthroplasties (size) and hospital setting.

Results
The survey was completed by 81 (82%) departments. BSMs used frequently (regularly, almost always, always) were erythropoietine (EPO), with 55 (68%) departments being frequent users; acute normovolemic hemodilution, used frequently in 26 (32%) departments; cell saver in 25 (31%) and postoperative drainage and re-infusion in 56 (69%) departments. When compared by size, frequent EPO use was more common in large departments (with 22 (88%) large departments being frequent users versus 13 (63%) small departments and 16 (55%) intermediate departments, p = 0.03). No differences by size or type were observed for other BSMs.

Conclusions
Compared with previous survey’s there is a tremendous increase in use of BSMs. EPO and autologous blood salvage techniques are the most often used modalities. Costs might be saved if use of non-cost-effective BSMs is stopped.
Potential biomarkers for adult acute myeloid leukemia minimal residual disease assessment searched by serum peptidome profiling
Authors: Bai Ju , He Aili , Zhang Wanggang , Huang Chen , Yang Juan , Yang Yun , Wang Jianli , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPost treatment minimal residual disease (MRD) determination contributes to impending relapse prediction, chemotherapy response and clinical outcomes assessment, guiding clinicians to develop reasonable and effective individual chemotherapy options after induction/consolidation. This study was to identify serum candidate peptides for monitoring adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) MRD.Results47 statistically different expressed peptide peaks were obtained in the molecular weight range of 700-10000 Da. Quick classifier (QC) model had optimal distinction efficiency, in the training set with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 93.33%. Peptides were identified as ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 1(UBA1), isoform 1 of fibrinogen alpha chain precursor and platelet factor 4(PF4). The peptide up-regulated in newly diagnosed AML patients were decreased to the normal level after CR. When refractory & relapsed, relative intensity was elevated again. Results were contrary to down-regulated peptide peaks. Western blot demonstrated that levels of the UBA1 protein did not differ between the leukemia and normal cells. Levels of isoform 1 of fibrinogen alpha chain precursor protein and PF4 protein were both decreased in leukemia cells comparing with normal cells. The serum levels of the PF4 in the newly diagnosed AML patients and healthy controls were significantly different. Further correlation analysis did not indicate the correlated relation between platelet counts and PF4 content, the correlation coefficient was 0.097. Kaplan–Meier analyses of overall survival showed that relative intensity of peptides was correlated with patient’s clinical outcome.ConclusionsWe speculate the peptides can be used as potential markers for monitoring minimal residual disease and clinical outcome assessment.
Sulfur/graphitic hollow carbon sphere nano-composite as a cathode material for high-power lithium-sulfur battery
Authors: Shin Eon Sung , Kim Min-Seop , Cho Won Il , Oh Si Hyoung 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The intrinsic low conductivity of sulfur which leads to a low performance at a high current rate is one of the most limiting factors for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur battery. Here, we present an easy and convenient method to synthesize a mono-dispersed hollow carbon sphere with a thin graphitic wall which can be utilized as a support with a good electrical conductivity for the preparation of sulfur/carbon nano-composite cathode. The hollow carbon sphere was prepared from the pyrolysis of the homogenous mixture of the mono-dispersed spherical silica and Fe-phthalocyanine powder in elevated temperature. The composite cathode was manufactured by infiltrating sulfur melt into the inner side of the graphitic wall. The electrochemical cycling shows a capacity of 425 mAh g−1 at 3 C current rate which is more than five times larger than that for the sulfur/carbon black nano-composite prepared by simple ball milling.
CSIT: channel state and idle time predictor using a neural network for cognitive LTE-Advanced network
Authors: Shahid Adnan , Aslam Saleem , Kim Hyung Seok , Lee Kyung-Geun 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Cognitive radio (CR) is a novel methodology that facilitates unlicensed users to share a licensed spectrum without interfering with licensed users. This intriguing approach is exploited in the Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) network for performance improvement. Although LTE-A is the foremost mobile communication standard, future underutilization of the spectrum needs to be addressed. Therefore, dynamic spectrum access is explored in this study. The performance of CR in LTE-A can significantly be enhanced by employing predictive modeling. The neural network-based channel state and idle time (CSIT) predictor is proposed in this article as a learning scheme for CR in LTE-A. This predictive-based learning is helpful in two ways: sensing only those channels that are predicted to be idle and selecting the channels for CR transmission that have the largest predicted idle time. The performance gains by exploiting CSIT prediction in CR LTE-A network are evaluated in terms of spectrum utilization, sensing energy, channel switching rate, packet loss ratio, and average instantaneous throughput. The results illustrate that significant performance is achieved by employing CSIT prediction in LTE-A network.
Viral protein R of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1
Authors: Iijima Kenta , Okudaira Noriyuki , Tamura Masato , Doi Akihiro , Saito Yoshikazu , Shimura Mari , Goto Motohito , Matsunaga Akihiro , Kawamura Yuki I , Otsubo Takeshi , Dohi Taeko , Hoshino Shigeki , Kano Shigeyuki , Hagiwara Shotaro , Tanuma Junko , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Baba Masanori , Iguchi Taku , Yanagita Motoko , Oka Shinichi , Okamura Tadashi , Ishizaka Yukihito 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundViral protein R (Vpr), a protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) with various biological functions, was shown to be present in the blood of HIV-1-positive patients. However, it remained unclear whether circulating Vpr in patients’ blood is biologically active. Here, we examined the activity of blood Vpr using an assay system by which retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1 (L1-RTP) was detected. We also investigated thein vivoeffects of recombinant Vpr (rVpr) by administrating it to transgenic mice harboring human L1 as a transgene (hL1-Tg mice). Based on our data, we discuss the involvement of blood Vpr in the clinical symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).ResultsWe first discovered that rVpr was active in induction of L1-RTP. Biochemical analyses revealed that rVpr-induced L1-RTP depended on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. By using a sensitive L1-RTP assay system, we showed that 6 of the 15 blood samples from HIV-1 patients examined were positive for induction of L1-RTP. Of note, the L1-RTP-inducing activity was blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for Vpr. Moreover, L1-RTP was reproducibly induced in various organs, including the kidney, when rVpr was administered to hL1-Tg mice.ConclusionsBlood Vpr is biologically active, suggesting that its monitoring is worthwhile for clarification of the roles of Vpr in the pathogenesis of AIDS. This is the first report to demonstrate a soluble factor in patients’ blood active for L1-RTP activity, and implies the involvement of L1-RTP in the development of human diseases.
Serum peptidome patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma based on magnetic bead separation and mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Ying Xia , Han Su-xia , Wang Jun-lan , Zhou Xia , Jin Gui-hua , Jin Long , Wang Hao , Wu Lei , Zhang Jianying , Zhu Qing 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world,and the identification of biomarkers for the early detection is a relevant target. The purpose of the study is to discover specific low molecular weight (LMW) serum peptidome biomarkers and establish a diagnostic pattern for HCC.

Methods
We undertook this pilot study using a combined application of magnetic beads with Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique and ClinPro Tools v2.2 to detect 32 patients with HCC, 16 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 16 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 16 healthy volunteers.

Results
The results showed 49, 33 and 37 differential peptide peaks respectively appeared in HCC, LC and CH groups. A Supervised Neural Network (SNN) algorithm was used to set up the classification model. Eleven of the identified peaks at m/z 5247.62, 7637.05, 1450.87, 4054.21, 1073.37, 3883.64, 5064.37, 4644.96, 5805.51, 1866.47 and 6579.6 were used to construct the peptides patterns. According to the model, we could clearly distinguish between HCC patients and healthy controls as well as between LC or CH patients and healthy controls.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated that a combined application of magnetic beads with MALDI-TOF MB technique was suitable for identification of potential serum biomarkers for HCC and it is a promising way to establish a diagnostic pattern.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1503629821958720.
The effect of the time interval between coronary angiography and on-pump cardiac surgery on risk of postoperative acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Yijie , Li Zhiping , Chen Jianming , Shen Cheng , Song Yi , Zhong Qianjin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Reports of the association between the time interval from coronary angiography (CAG) to cardiac surgery and risk of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) are controversial. We attempted to examine this association by conducting a meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched the Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science databases, and the Cochrane Library from January 1966 to March 2013. A meta-analysis of studies reporting data for 1-day and 3-day time intervals between CAG and cardiac surgery was conducted after evaluation of heterogeneity and publication bias. Study-specific estimates were combined with inverse variance-weighted averages of logarithmic odds ratios (ORs) in fixed-effects models.

Results
From 8 studies involving 11542 persons, the pooled OR of AKI associated with an interval of 1 day or less between CAG and surgery was 1.21 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.39) relative to an interval of more than 1 day. From 4 studies involving 5420 persons in the cardiopulmonary-bypass subgroup, the pooled OR of AKI associated with an interval of 3 days or less between CAG and surgery was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43) relative to an interval of more than 3 days. The adjusted OR of the study in the cardiopulmonary bypass/ deep hypothermic circulatory arrest subgroup was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.73).

Conclusions
A time interval of 1 day or less between CAG and on-pump cardiac surgery was significantly associated with increased risk of AKI. A delay of on-pump cardiac surgery until 24 hours after CAG can potentially decrease postoperative AKI.
The synergistic action of accessory enzymes enhances the hydrolytic potential of a “cellulase mixture” but is highly substrate specific
Authors: Hu Jinguang , Arantes Valdeir , Pribowo Amadeus , Saddler Jack N 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Currently, the amount of protein/enzyme required to achieve effective cellulose hydrolysis is still too high. One way to reduce the amount of protein/enzyme required is to formulate a more efficient enzyme cocktail by adding so-called accessory enzymes such as xylanase, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (AA9, formerly known as GH61), etc., to the cellulase mixture. Previous work has shown the strong synergism that can occur between cellulase and xylanase mixtures during the hydrolysis of steam pretreated corn stover, requiring lower protein loading to achieve effective hydrolysis. However, relatively high loadings of xylanases were required. When family 10 and 11 endo-xylanases and family 5 xyloglucanase were supplemented to a commercial cellulase mixture varying degrees of improved hydrolysis over a range of pretreated, lignocellulosic substrates were observed.

Results
The potential synergistic interactions between cellulase monocomponents and hemicellulases from family 10 and 11 endo-xylanases (GH10 EX and GH11 EX) and family 5 xyloglucanase (GH5 XG), during hydrolysis of various steam pretreated lignocellulosic substrates, were assessed. It was apparent that the hydrolytic activity of cellulase monocomponents was enhanced by the addition of accessory enzymes although the “boosting” effect was highly substrate specific. The GH10 EX and GH5 XG both exhibited broad substrate specificity and showed strong synergistic interaction with the cellulases when added individually. The GH10 EX was more effective on steam pretreated agriculture residues and hardwood substrates whereas GH5 XG addition was more effective on softwood substrates. The synergistic interaction between GH10 EX and GH5 XG when added together further enhanced the hydrolytic activity of the cellulase enzymes over a range of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. GH10 EX addition could also stimulate further cellulose hydrolysis when added to the hydrolysis reactions when the rate of hydrolysis had levelled off.

Conclusions
Endo-xylanases and xyloglucanases interacted synergistically with cellulases to improve the hydrolysis of a range of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. However, the extent of improved hydrolysis was highly substrate dependent. It appears that those accessory enzymes, such as GH10 EX and GH5 XG, with broader substrate specificities promoted the greatest improvements in the hydrolytic performance of the cellulase mixture on all of the pretreated biomass substrates.
Trypanosoma livingstonei: a new species from African bats supports the bat seeding hypothesis for the Trypanosoma cruzi clade
Authors: Lima Luciana , Espinosa-Álvarez Oneida , Hamilton Patrick B , Neves Luis , Takata Carmen SA , Campaner Marta , Attias Márcia , de Souza Wanderley , Camargo Erney P , Teixeira Marta MG 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Bat trypanosomes have been implicated in the evolutionary history of the T. cruzi clade, which comprises species from a wide geographic and host range in South America, Africa and Europe, including bat-restricted species and the generalist agents of human American trypanosomosis T. cruzi and T. rangeli.

Methods
Trypanosomes from bats (Rhinolophus landeri and Hipposideros caffer) captured in Mozambique, southeast Africa, were isolated by hemoculture. Barcoding was carried out through the V7V8 region of Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA and Fluorescent Fragment Length barcoding (FFLB). Phylogenetic inferences were based on SSU rRNA, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) and Spliced Leader (SL) genes. Morphological characterization included light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Results
New trypanosomes from bats clustered together forming a clade basal to a larger assemblage called the T. cruzi clade. Barcoding, phylogenetic analyses and genetic distances based on SSU rRNA and gGAPDH supported these trypanosomes as a new species, which we named Trypanosoma livingstonei n. sp. The large and highly polymorphic SL gene repeats of this species showed a copy of the 5S ribosomal RNA into the intergenic region. Unique morphological (large and broad blood trypomastigotes compatible to species of the subgenus Megatrypanum and cultures showing highly pleomorphic epimastigotes and long and slender trypomastigotes) and ultrastructural (cytostome and reservosomes) features and growth behaviour (when co-cultivated with HeLa cells at 37°C differentiated into trypomastigotes resembling the blood forms and do not invaded the cells) complemented the description of this species.

Conclusion
Phylogenetic inferences supported the hypothesis that Trypanosoma livingstonei n. sp. diverged from a common ancestral bat trypanosome that evolved exclusively in Chiroptera or switched at independent opportunities to mammals of several orders forming the clade T. cruzi, hence, providing further support for the bat seeding hypothesis to explain the origin of T. cruzi and T. rangeli.
Length of dsRNA (poly I:C) drives distinct innate immune responses, depending on the cell type
Authors: Mian M Firoz , Ahmed Amna N , Rad Mehrnaz , Babaian Artem , Bowdish Dawn , Ashkar Ali A 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPoly I:C, a synthetic dsRNA analogue, has been used extensively for decades to study innate responses in vivo and in different cell types. We have found substantial variability while using poly I:C from different sources. In this study we found that poly I:C from 2 commercial sources induced sharply opposite responses in myeloid and fibroblasts, depending on the length of the poly I:C. Although short poly I:C (∼1–1.5 kb) induced greater amounts of TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-β and a stronger antiviral response in myeloid cells, it was a poor inducer in fibroblasts. By contrast, long poly I:C (&gt;5 kb) preferentially elicited higher cytokine and antiviral responses in fibroblasts and showed diminished responses in myeloid cells. Poly I:C activated NF-κB and STAT-1 signaling in a length- and cell-type–dependent fashion. Mechanistically, short poly I:C was better internalized in the myeloid cells and long poly I:C in the fibroblasts. Finally, long poly I:C required SR-A, whereas short poly I:C required RIG-I and Raftlin. We provide evidence that the length of dsRNA drives distinct innate responses in different cell lineages. These findings may augment in selecting the appropriate poly I:C type to design cell-type–specific potent adjuvants for vaccines against infectious diseases or cancers.
High glucose enhances HIV entry into T cells through upregulation of CXCR4
Authors: Lan Xiqian , Cheng Kang , Chandel Nirupama , Lederman Rivka , Jhaveri Aakash , Husain Mohammad , Malhotra Ashwani , Singhal Pravin C 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIt is well known that patients with HIV are prone to diabetes mellitus because of the side effects of HARRT. However, whether high glucose affects the HIV infection of T cells is not clear. Recent studies have shown that upregulation of GLUT-1 renders T cells susceptible to HIV infection. We hypothesized that hyperglycemia has the potential to increase HIV infection by enhancing its entry into immune cells. The effect of high glucose on HIV entry into T cells (Jurkat cells and PBMCs) and the mechanisms involved were investigated. High glucose significantly enhanced HIV entry, which was associated with increased T-cell expression of CXCR4. However, T cells with silenced HIF-1α displayed attenuated expression of CXCR4, whereas T cells with silenced CXCR4 showed decreased HIV entry in a high-glucose milieu. On the one hand, high glucose stimulated T-cell ROS generation, and H2O2 at low concentrations enhanced the entry of HIV into T cells. On the other hand, inhibition of ROS not only attenuated high-glucose–mediated T-cell expression of CXCR4 and HIF-1α but also mitigated T-cell HIV entry in a high-glucose milieu. In our study, high glucose enhanced HIV entry into T cells by increasing expression of CXCR4 and HIF-1α.
Nucleotide receptor P2RX7 stimulation enhances LPS-induced interferon-β production in murine macrophages
Authors: Gavala M L , Liu Y-P , Lenertz L Y , Zeng L , Blanchette J B , Guadarrama A G , Denlinger L C , Bertics P J , Smith J A 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTStimulation of P2RX7 with extracellular ATP potentiates numerous LPS-induced proinflammatory events, including cytokine induction in macrophages, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not well defined. Although P2RX7 ligation has been proposed to activate several transcription factors, many of the LPS-induced mediators affected by P2RX7 activation are not induced by P2RX7 agonists alone, suggesting a complementary role for P2RX7 in transcriptional regulation. Type I IFN production, whose expression is tightly controlled by multiple transcription factors that form an enhanceosome, is critical for resistance against LPS-containing bacteria. The effect of purinergic receptor signaling on LPS-dependent type I IFN is unknown and would be of great relevance to a diverse array of inflammatory conditions. The present study demonstrates that stimulation of macrophages with P2RX7 agonists substantially enhances LPS-induced IFN-β expression, and this enhancement is ablated in macrophages that do not express functional P2RX7 or when the MAPK MEK1/2 pathways are inhibited. Potentiation of LPS-induced IFN-β expression following P2RX7 stimulation is likely transcriptionally regulated, as this enhancement is observed at the IFN-β promoter level. Furthermore, P2RX7 stimulation is able to increase the phosphorylation and subsequent IFN-β promoter occupancy of IRF-3, a transcription factor that is critical for IFN-β transcription by TLR agonists. This newly discovered role for P2RX7 in IFN regulation may have implications in antimicrobial defense, which has been linked to P2RX7 activation in other studies.