bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D documentation and classification of incense tree Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng. wounds by photogrammetry and its potential conservation applications
Authors: Wang Ho Lam , Wong Tin Hang , Liu Ka Yip Eric , Tsang Ho Leung Ryan , Lau David Tai Wai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, illegal felling of and damage to the incense tree Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng. have been reported in Hong Kong. Their native populations are under increasingly severe threat. Therefore, the development of a standard and efficient method to classify and document wounds on vulnerable trees is urgently needed for conservation purposes. In this study, photogrammetry was used to document wounds in A. sinensis through 3D modeling. A total of 752 wound records from 484 individual A. sinensis trees from Hong Kong were included to establish a new wound classification system. Our major findings include a novel standardized procedure for photogrammetric documentation and a wound classification system. The results of this study will facilitate A. sinensis conservation, by enhancing wound documentation and information transfer to law enforcement and education.
The devil is in the detail: Environmental variables frequently used for habitat suitability modeling lack information for forest‐dwelling bats in Germany
Authors: Bald Lisa , Gottwald Jannis , Hillen Jessica , Adorf Frank , Zeuss Dirk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn response to the pressing challenges of the ongoing biodiversity crisis, the protection of endangered species and their habitats, as well as the monitoring of invasive species are crucial. Habitat suitability modeling (HSM) is often treated as the silver bullet to address these challenges, commonly relying on generic variables sourced from widely available datasets. However, for species with high habitat requirements, or for modeling the suitability of habitats within the geographic range of a species, variables at a coarse level of detail may fall short. Consequently, there is potential value in considering the incorporation of more targeted data, which may extend beyond readily available land cover and climate datasets. In this study, we investigate the impact of incorporating targeted land cover variables (specifically tree species composition) and vertical structure information (derived from LiDAR data) on HSM outcomes for three forest specialist bat species (Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis bechsteinii, and Plecotus auritus) in Rhineland‐Palatinate, Germany, compared to commonly utilized environmental variables, such as generic land‐cover classifications (e.g., Corine Land Cover) and climate variables (e.g., Bioclim). The integration of targeted variables enhanced the performance of habitat suitability models for all three bat species. Furthermore, our results showed a high difference in the distribution maps that resulted from using different levels of detail in environmental variables. This underscores the importance of making the effort to generate the appropriate variables, rather than simply relying on commonly used ones, and the necessity of exercising caution when using habitat models as a tool to inform conservation strategies and spatial planning efforts.
Potential impact of climate change on the distribution of Capricornis milneedwardsii, a vulnerable mammal in China
Authors: Zhao Jiale , Shao Weiwei , Li Yalei , Chen Haozhan , Lin Zhihua , Wei Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change significantly impacted on the survival, development, distribution, and abundance of living organisms. The Chinese serow Capricornis milneedwardsii, known as the “four unlike,” is a Class II nationally protected species in China. In this study, we predicted the geographical suitability of C. milneedwardsii under current and future climatic conditions using MaxEnt. The model simulations resulted in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values above 0.9 for both current and future climate scenarios, indicating the excellent performance, high accuracy, and credibility of the MaxEnt model. The results also showed that annual precipitation (Bio12), slope, elevation, and mean temperature of wettest quarter (Bio8) were the key environmental variables affecting the distribution of C. milneedwardsii, with contributions of 31.2%, 26.4%, 11%, and 10.3%, respectively. The moderately and highly suitable habitats were mainly located in the moist area of China, with a total area of 34.56 × 104 and 16.61 × 104 km2, respectively. Under future climate change scenarios, the areas of suitability of C. milneedwardsii showed an increasing trend. The geometric center of the total suitable habitats of C. milneedwardsii would show the trend of northwest expansion and southeast contraction. These findings could provide a theoretical reference for the protection of C. milneedwardsii in the future.
A pH responsive nanocomposite for combination sonodynamic‐immunotherapy with ferroptosis and calcium ion overload via SLC7A11/ACSL4/LPCAT3 pathway
Authors: Bai Xue , Kang Jun , Wei Silong , Wang Yun , Liu Yangsui , Yuan Bo , Lu Qian , Li Huansong , Yan Jun , Yang Xi , Chang Jin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSonodynamic therapy offers a non‐invasive approach to induce the death of tumor cells. By harnessing ultrasound waves in tandem with sonosensitizers, this method produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inflict oxidative damage upon tumor cells, subsequently causing their demise. Ferroptosis is a regulatory form of cell death that differs from other forms, characterized by iron accumulation, ROS accumulation, and lipid peroxidation. In the presented research, a nanoparticle formulation, parthenolide/ICG‐CaCO3@lipid (PTL/ICG‐CaCO3@Lip), has been engineered to amplify ferroptosis in tumor cells, positioning it as a potent agent for sonodynamic cancer immunotherapy. This nanoparticle significantly augments ROS levels within tumor cells, inducing oxidative stress that leads to cell death. The therapeutic potential of PTL/ICG‐CaCO3@Lip, both in vivo and in vitro, has been convincingly demonstrated. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis insights revealed that PTL/ICG‐CaCO3@Lip facilitates tumor cell ferroptosis by regulating P53 to downregulate SLC7A11 protein expression, thereby inhibiting the glutamate‐cystine antiporter system Xc− and stimulating ACSL4/LPCAT3 pathways. This pioneering work uncovers an innovative strategy for combatting tumors, leveraging enhanced oxidative stress to promote cell ferroptosis, and paves the way for groundbreaking cancer immunotherapeutic interventions.
A novel multiple plant‐based milk alternative containing various preprocessed grains achieves better performance in protein digestibility and free amino acid profile via in vitro gastrointestinal digestion analysis
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Lu , Wang Mohan , Ma Hongjiang , Liu Shiwei , Wang Meng , Yu Youqiang , Liu Guoyu , Cao Qiuge , Wang Xi , Ma Xishan , Yuan Peng , Liu Jia , Zhang Yongjiu , Duan Shenglin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlant‐based milk alternatives are sustainable, hypoallergenic, and nutrient‐rich, but challenges related to their lower bioavailability compared with animal‐based milk still exist. In this study, we developed a multiple plant‐based milk alternative using germinated soybeans and fermented cereals, and compared the protein digestible behaviors with commercial soy and bovine milk via in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The multiple plant‐based milk alternative possessed a higher level of essential amino acids and amino acid scores than the soy milk and a smaller percentage of low‐molecular‐weight peptides than the bovine milk. It displayed better protein‐digestible responses with no apparent gastric coagulation. Moreover, the relatively larger particles in the multiple plant‐based milk alternative had few effects on protein digestibility, with the highest proteolytic degree and a better free amino acid profile. The findings suggest that the multiple plant‐based milk alternative presents higher protein digestibility behavior, and it could be a promising industrial plant‐based product.
Surface‐based morphometry of the corpus callosum in young children of ages 1–5
Authors: Gajawelli Niharika , Paulli Athelia , Deoni Sean , Paquette Natacha , Darakjian Danielle , Salazar Carlos , Dean Douglas , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Nelson Marvin D. , Wang Yalin , Lepore Natasha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe corpus callosum (CC) is a large white matter fiber bundle in the brain and is involved in various cognitive, sensory, and motor processes. While implicated in various developmental and psychiatric disorders, much is yet to be uncovered about the normal development of this structure, especially in young children. Additionally, while sexual dimorphism has been reported in prior literature, observations have not necessarily been consistent. In this study, we use morphometric measures including surface tensor‐based morphometry (TBM) to investigate local changes in the shape of the CC in children between the ages of 12 and 60 months, in intervals of 12 months. We also analyze sex differences in each of these age groups. We observed larger significant clusters in the earlier ages between 12 v 24 m and between 48 v 60 m and localized differences in the anterior region of the body of the CC. Sex differences were most pronounced in the 12 m group. This study adds to the growing literature of work aiming to understand the developing brain and emphasizes the utility of surface TBM as a useful tool for analyzing regional differences in neuroanatomical morphometry.
Unveiling the axonal connectivity between the precuneus and temporal pole: Structural evidence from the cingulum pathways
Authors: Skandalakis Georgios P. , Linn Wen‐Jieh , Yeh Fang‐Cheng , Kazim Syed Faraz , Komaitis Spyridon , Neromyliotis Eleftherios , Dimopoulos Dimitrios , Drosos Evangelos , Hadjipanayis Constantinos G. , Kongkham Paul N. , Zadeh Gelareh , Stranjalis George , Koutsarnakis Christos , Kogan Michael , Evans Linton T. , Kalyvas Aristotelis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have consistently demonstrated concurrent activation of the human precuneus and temporal pole (TP), both during resting‐state conditions and various higher‐order cognitive functions. However, the precise underlying structural connectivity between these brain regions remains uncertain despite significant advancements in neuroscience research. In this study, we investigated the connectivity of the precuneus and TP by employing parcellation‐based fiber micro‐dissections in human brains and fiber tractography techniques in a sample of 1065 human subjects and a sample of 41 rhesus macaques. Our results demonstrate the connectivity between the posterior precuneus area POS2 and the areas 35, 36, and TG of the TP via the fifth subcomponent of the cingulum (CB‐V) also known as parahippocampal cingulum. This finding contributes to our understanding of the connections within the posteromedial cortices, facilitating a more comprehensive integration of anatomy and function in both normal and pathological brain processes.Practitioner PointsOur investigation delves into the intricate architecture and connectivity patterns of subregions within the precuneus and temporal pole, filling a crucial gap in our knowledge.
We revealed a direct axonal connection between the posterior precuneus (POS2) and specific areas (35, 35, and TG) of the temporal pole.
The direct connections are part of the CB‐V pathway and exhibit a significant association with the cingulum, SRF, forceps major, and ILF.
Population‐based human tractography and rhesus macaque fiber tractography showed consistent results that support micro‐dissection outcomes.
Who's most at risk? A person‐centered approach to understanding the long‐term relationship between early social media use and later depression across adolescence
Authors: Dyer W. Justin , Coyne Sarah M. , Gale Megan , Sheppard J. Andan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPerson‐centered analyses examined the relationship between social media use and depression over an 8‐year period. The purpose was to examine the varying ways early social media use was associated with the development of depressive symptoms with a hypothesis that social media would not have a uniform association with depressive symptoms across adolescents.MethodsParticipants included 488 adolescents (52% female), living in the United States, who were surveyed once a year for 8 years (beginning in 2010 when the average age for participants was 13.33 years old).ResultsLongitudinal mixture regression was used to identify classes of adolescents representing unique ways their early social media use was related to the development of depressive symptoms over an 8‐year period. Five classes were found representing unique ways social media use was related to depression. Findings suggest social media use does not impact all adolescents in the same way. Social media use was related to increased depression for adolescents with greater parental hostility, peer bullying, anxiety, reactivity to stressors, and lower parental media monitoring. In other instances, social media use was related to less depression or was unrelated to depression.ConclusionsBy identifying which adolescents may be most at risk from social media use, health providers, schools, and caregivers can tailor interventions to fit the needs of each adolescent.
Family factors related to adolescent screen media use and mental health outcomes: A systematic review and recommendation for practices
Authors: Liu Xiaoxuan , Liu Jianghong , Flores Dalmacio D. , McDonald Catherine C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionScreen media serves an essential role in adolescents' lives, posing growth opportunities and mental health challenges. Family plays a crucial role in mitigating these challenges. This systematic review offers a comprehensive analysis of the family factors related to adolescent screen media use and mental health.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Embase, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines using the following inclusion criteria: English, peer‐reviewed, observational design, and published since 2013; adolescent samples aged 10–17 years; and examining screen media use, family factors, and internalizing problems. The role of family factors as predictors, moderators, and mediators was also examined.ResultsOf the 3587 records, 32 met the inclusion criteria. These studies, primarily cross‐sectional, presented a global perspective of 14 countries. A heterogeneous range of family factors, screen media use, and mental health outcomes were examined, revealing significant associations between elevated screen media use and internalizing problems. Positive family processes and democratic media‐specific parenting mitigate such association. A few studies underscored family socioeconomic status (SES), noting elevated screen media use and mental health risks among adolescents in families of low SES.ConclusionsAccumulating evidence supports the important role of positive family contexts in fostering balanced screen media use and mental health in adolescents, accentuating the need for professional screening and education to promote positive screen media use among adolescents and families. Further research requires refinement in measurement and methodology to better capture the intricate relationship between family dynamics, screen media use, and adolescent mental health.
Measurement of protein concentration in bacteria and small organelles under a light transmission microscope
Authors: Model M. A. , Guo R. , Fasina K. , Jin R. , Clements R. J. , Leff L. G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProtein concentration (PC) is an essential characteristic of cells and organelles; it determines the extent of macromolecular crowding effects and serves as a sensitive indicator of cellular health. A simple and direct way to quantify PC is provided by brightfield‐based transport‐of‐intensity equation (TIE) imaging combined with volume measurements. However, since TIE is based on geometric optics, its applicability to micrometer‐sized particles is not clear. Here, we show that TIE can be used on particles with sizes comparable to the wavelength. At the same time, we introduce a new ImageJ plugin that allows TIE image processing without resorting to advanced mathematical programs. To convert TIE data to PC, knowledge of particle volumes is essential. The volumes of bacteria or other isolated particles can be measured by displacement of an external absorbing dye (“transmission‐through‐dye” or TTD microscopy), and for spherical intracellular particles, volumes can be estimated from their diameters. We illustrate the use of TIE on Escherichia coli, mammalian nucleoli, and nucleolar fibrillar centers. The method is easy to use and achieves high spatial resolution.
Role of cspA on the Preparation of Escherichia coli Competent Cells by Calcium Chloride Method
Authors: Chen Xiaona , Zhu Ning , Yang Guangrui , Guo Xiaopeng , Sun Shangchen , Leng Feifan , Wang Yonggang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTOne of the fundamental techniques in genetic engineering is the creation of Escherichia coli competent cells using the CaCl2 method. However, little is known about the mechanism of E. coli competence formation. We have previously found that the cspA gene may play an indispensable role in the preparation of E. coli DH5α competent cells through multiomics analysis. In the present study, the cellular localization, physicochemical properties, and function of the protein expressed by the cspA gene were analyzed. To investigate the role of the cspA gene in E. coli transformation, cspA‐deficient mutant was constructed by red homologous recombination. The growth, transformation efficiency, and cell morphology of the cspA‐deficient strain and E. coli were compared. It was found that there were no noticeable differences in growth and morphology between E. coli and the cspA‐deficient strain cultured at 37°C, but the mutant exhibited increased transformation efficiencies compared to E. coli DH5α for plasmids pUC19, pET‐32a, and p1304, with enhancements of 2.23, 2.24, and 3.46 times, respectively. It was proved that cspA gene is an important negative regulatory gene in the CaCl2 preparation of competent cells.
New perspectives on South Atlantic storm track through an automatic method for detecting extratropical cyclones' lifecycle
Authors: Couto de Souza Danilo , da Silva Dias Pedro Leite , Gramcianinov Carolina Barnez , da Silva Matheus Bonjour Laviola , de Camargo Ricardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study introduces new insights into the climatology of South Atlantic (SAt) cyclones by employing a novel cyclone life cycle detection method, the CycloPhaser. Utilizing the minimum relative vorticity series and its derivative at the cyclone centre, the program effectively identifies distinct phases in the cyclone life cycle. Cyclone tracks are obtained through the analysis of relative vorticity at 850 hPa, using the ERA5 dataset. The study identified six main cyclone life cycle patterns from the analysis of 28,458 systems. The predominant cyclone type, accounting for approximately 60% of the analysed systems, exhibited a four‐phase configuration: incipient, intensification, mature and decay. Detailed statistics for each developmental phase and the overall life cycle are presented, offering valuable comparisons and new insights while corroborating previous research findings. Key genesis regions in the SAt are identified, along with track density maps that reveal distinct preferences in cyclone developmental cycle. The main outcome of this study is the demonstration that the automated classification procedure enables the analysis of cyclones' life cycles to be conducted promptly and with low computing costs, facilitating the comprehensive study of cyclone behaviour with high efficiency.
Impact of decreasing land–sea horizontal pressure gradient on the lightning activity over western India
Authors: Gangane Abhijeet , Priyadarshini Prajna , Pawar Sunil D. , Gopalakrishnan Venkatachalam , Syed Hamid Ali , Dhangar Jayesh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith future global warming projections, how lightning activity changes in the warmer world is still a debated and challenging question. During the Indian pre‐monsoon season (March–May), land surface heating and moisture availability due to prevailing winds from the neighbouring oceans provide favourable conditions for thunderstorm formation. Based on 24 years of lightning data from 2000 to 2023 detected by Lightning Imaging Sensor/Optical Transient Detector (LIS/OTD) and Indian Lightning Location Network (ILLN), the trend of lightning flashes over western India (15°–22°N, 72.5°–81°E) has been investigated. Our results demonstrate a steady decline in lightning activity during the pre‐monsoon season over western India, which contradicts the previous studies suggesting an increasing lightning trend over the Indian Subcontinent and other parts of the world. Our analysis has shown a falling trend of lightning activity at a rate of −0.066 flashes·km−2 year−1 from 2000 to 2013 (LIS/OTD) and −0.14 M flashes·year−1 from 2014 to 2023 (ILLN). Our observation and previous research strongly suggested that the pressure difference between the land and the neighbouring oceans during pre‐monsoon and monsoon has been weakening for a long time over the Indian region, and we have found a consistent reduction in wind speed over the study region. Here, we propose that the enhanced Indian Ocean warming potentially weakens the land–sea thermal contrast and, thereby, reduces the horizontal pressure gradient. Further, the decreasing trend in the land–sea horizontal pressure gradient resulted in a declining rate of wind speed over western India, affecting moisture transport over land. Thus, the study emphasizes the impact of the decreased land–sea horizontal pressure gradient on declining lighting activity in western India.
Kinetics and equilibrium studies on the adsorptive removal of Nile red dye from aqueous solution using serpentine clay
Authors: Bharali Panchali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current research highlighted the usage of serpentine clay to remove Nile red dye from an aqueous solution. At first serpentine clay minerals were analyzed by various analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. From the characterization results it was found that the clay was determined to be a separate group. Sorption studies investigated the impacts of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature on Nile red color elimination. From the test results it was found that the capacity of adsorption was seen to increase from 32.4 mg/g to a high value of 43.8 mg/g by raising the pH value from 2 to 6. Adsorption on serpentine clay decreased from 234.7 to 33.2 mg/g due to an increase in the adsorbent dosage. The removal capacity of Nile red dye increased from 12.2% to 88.5% with the rise in the adsorbent dosage. This rise in the Nile red dye removal may be observed due to the increase in the area as well as the pore volume of the surface. Experimental study was carried out to study the effect of initial concentration of adsorbate on adsorption at a pH of 6, adsorbent dosage of 3 g/L, and at a temperature of 28°C. The removal efficiency of the Nile red dye was reduced from 96.7% to 42.6%. To determine the temperature effect on the removal of Nile red dye by the clay, the initial pH value was set to 6, and the temperature was set at 28, 38, 48, and 58°C. Without reaching the equilibrium conditions, at a time of 30 min, the removal efficiency of dye rises from 60% to 81% due to the temperature rise. The experimental findings indicated that the adsorption of the dye on the clay followed the “Langmuir adsorption” isotherm rather than the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Adsorption on clay minerals follows the pseudo‐second‐order adsorption kinetics compared to pseudo‐first‐order adsorption kinetics.