bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policosanol variation in olive oil as a result of variety, ripening, and storage
Authors: Lukić Marina , Lukić Igor , Sladonja Barbara , Piližota Vlasta 
Published: February 2015

Despite their importance as bioactive compounds and authentication parameters in olive oil, the response of policosanol aliphatic alcohols to even the most influential sources of variability is practically unknown. To investigate policosanol variation in olive oil as a result of variety, ripening, and oil storage temperature, 36 samples were subjected to gas chromatographic (GC‐FID) and mass spectrometric (GC‐MS) analysis, and results were processed by univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (SLDA) statistics. The concentration (mg/100 g) and relative amount (%) of pentacosanol accounted for the most variation due to variety. The largest influence of ripening was observed for pentacosanol (%) and docosanol (%). Docosanol, tricosanol, and tetracosanol amounts mostly increased during ripening, whereas those of pentacosanol, hexacosanol, heptacosanol, and octacosanol decreased in Črna and Rosinjola oils, whereas Buža showed different patterns in some cases. Variations as a result of storage were lower and inconsistent. Results suggest that the investigated olive oils retained the bulk of their health beneficial features of policosanol origin throughout shelf‐life. Relatively successful differentiation of oils achieved by multivariate models pointed to the potential use of policosanol alcohols as chemical indicators of varietal origin which are independent on ripening degree, and vice versa, applicable both for fresh and stored oils.Practical applicationsThe results obtained may serve producers to assess and optimize the suitability of individual steps in production, and develop strategies aimed at producing olive oils with targeted policosanol composition. More generally, the indicators of variety and ripening degree among policosanol aliphatic alcohols proposed may contribute to the scientific work on the authenticity and quality of olive oil which is an ever‐growing area, and be used for characterization, differentiation, authentication, and certification of olive oils of specific origin and attributes. The approach tested in this work could be utilized for developing more robust olive oil chemical composition specifications for European Union's Protected Designations of Origin (PDO) and other designations, because it considers the inter‐relationship between three factors of variability and extracts only the most useful and stable indicators or markers.Policosanol alcohol variation as a result of variety, ripening degree, and storage temperature was investigated. The use of policosanol variation as a chemical indicator and discriminator according to these factors was tested.
Proof of concept for the use of macroinvertebrates as indicators of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) contamination in Lake Hartwell
Authors: Lazorchak James M. , Griffith Michael B. , Mills Marc , Schubauer-Berigan Joseph , McCormick Frank , Brenner Richard , Zeller Craig 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) develops methods and tools for evaluating risk management strategies for sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and other legacy pollutants. Monitored natural recovery is a risk management alternative that relies on existing physical, chemical, and biological processes to contain, destroy, and/or reduce the bioavailability or toxicity of in-place contaminants. These naturally occurring processes are monitored to ensure that management and recovery are progressing as expected. One approach frequently used to evaluate the recovery of contaminated sediments and associated biota is the assessment of contaminant tissue levels, or body burden concentrations, in top trophic level fish. In the present study, aquatic invertebrates were examined as an indicator of recent exposure to PCBs. The approach aimed to determine whether invertebrates collected using artificial substrates (i.e., Hester–Dendy samplers) could be used to discriminate among contaminated sites through the analyses of PCBs in whole homogenates of macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrates were sorted, preserved, and analyzed for total PCBs (t-PCBs), by summing 107 PCB congeners. Macroinvertebrate body burden concentrations showed similar trends to sediment t-PCB concentrations at the sites sampled. The results indicate that macroinvertebrates can be used to assess sediment contamination among sites that have different PCB contamination levels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1277–1282. Published 2015 SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Benzoylurea pesticides used as veterinary medicines in aquaculture: Risks and developmental effects on nontarget crustaceans
Authors: Macken Ailbhe , Lillicrap Adam , Langford Katherine 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Diflubenzuron and teflubenzuron are benzoylureas that are used in aquaculture to control sea lice. Flubenzurons have low toxicity to many marine species such as fish and algae but by their nature are likely to have significant adverse effects on nontarget species such as crustaceans and amphipods. Although the exact mechanism of toxicity is not known, these compounds are thought to inhibit the production of the enzyme chitin synthase during molting of immature stages of arthropods. These chitin synthesis inhibitors are effective against the larval and pre-adult life stages of sea lice. Due to their low solubility and results of recent monitoring studies conducted in Norway, the sediment compartment is considered the most likely reservoir for these compounds and possible remobilization from the sediment to benthic crustaceans could be of importance. For this reason, the epibenthic copepod Tisbe battagliai was selected for investigations into the acute and developmental effects of these compounds. For comparative purposes, azamethiphos was investigated to identify differences in sensitivity and act as a negative control for developmental effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. Standard acute studies with adult copepods showed little or no acute toxicity at milligrams per liter levels with the flubenzurons, whereas a naupliar developmental test demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations (e.g., nanograms per liter) caused a complete cessation of molting and finally death in the exposed copepods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1533–1542. © 2015 SETAC
On-site, serial exposure of female fathead minnows to the Elkhorn River, Nebraska, USA, spring agrichemical pulse
Authors: Ali Jonathan M. , Kolok Alan S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

In the Midwestern United States, waterways such as the Elkhorn River experience an annual spring pulse of runoff that carries sediments, nutrients, and organic compounds downstream. The objective of the present study was to elucidate relationships between contaminant load in Elkhorn River water and biological impacts on female fathead minnows throughout the entire spring agrichemical pulse. Fish were maintained in on-site outdoor microcosms at the Elkhorn River Research Station. The start of the spring pulse was determined using commercially available atrazine strips that detected atrazine when concentrations exceeded 3 ppb. Once the pulse began, 5 serial 7-d exposures were conducted. Concentrations of atrazine, its metabolites, and 5 other herbicides were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Agrichemicals peaked during the first and second weeks of the pulse, with a smaller peak occurring during week 4, but the peaks were not directly associated with runoff events (as estimated from river discharge). Elevated agrichemical concentrations were associated with biological impacts, but not solely responsible. In the present study, differences in the abiotic environment were found to play a significant role in the defeminization of exposed female fathead minnows. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1354–1361. © 2015 SETAC
Are zebrafish larvae suitable for assessing the hepatotoxicity potential of drug candidates?
Authors: Mesens Natalie , Crawford Alexander D. , Menke Aswin , Hung Pham Duc , Van Goethem Freddy , Nuyts Rik , Hansen Erik , Wolterbeek Andre , Van Gompel Jacky , De Witte Peter , Esguerra Camila V. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is poorly predicted by single‐cell‐based assays, probably because of the lack of physiological interactions with other cells within the liver. An intact whole liver system such as one present in zebrafish larvae could provide added value in a screening strategy for DILI; however, the possible occurrence of other organ toxicities and the immature larval stage of the zebrafish might complicate accurate and fast analysis. We investigated whether expression analysis of liver‐specific fatty acid binding protein 10a (lfabp10a) was an appropriate endpoint for assessing hepatotoxic effects in zebrafish larvae. It was found that expression analysis of lfabp10a was a valid marker, as after treatment with hepatotoxicants, dose–response curves could be obtained and statistically significant abnormal lfabp10 expression levels correlated with hepatocellular histopathological changes in the liver. However, toxicity in other vital organs such as the heart could impact liver outgrowth and thus had to be assessed concurrently. Whether zebrafish larvae were suitable for assessing human relevant drug‐induced hepatotoxicity was assessed with hepatotoxicants and non‐hepatotoxicants that have been marketed for human use and classified according to their mechanism of toxicity. The zebrafish larva showed promising predictivity towards a number of mechanisms and was capable of distinguishing between hepatotoxic and non‐hepatotoxic chemical analogues, thus implying its applicability as a potential screening model for DILI. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety assessment of aditoprim acute, subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies
Authors: Wang Xu , Tan Ziqiang , Pan Yuanhu , Ihsan Awais , Liu Qianying , Huang Lingli , Cheng Guyue , Chen Dongmei , Tao Yanfei , Liu Zhenli , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAditoprim (ADP), a new developed dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, has great potential in clinical veterinary medicine because of its greater pharmacokinetic properties than structural analogs. Preclinical toxicology studies were performed to assess the safety of ADP including an acute oral toxicity test, a subchronic toxicity test and five mutagenicity tests. In the acute oral toxicity test, ADP was administered singly by oral gavage to Wistar rats and Kunming mice. The LD50calculated was 1400 mg kg–1body weight (BW) day–1in rats and 1130 mg kg–1BW day–1in mice. In a subchronic study, Wistar rats were administered ADP at dose levels of 0, 20, 100 and 1000 mg kg–1diet for 90 days. Significant decreases were observed on body weight and food efficiency in the high‐dose group. Treatment‐related changes in clinical serum biochemistry were found in the medium‐ and high‐dose groups. Significant increases in the relative weights of livers and kidneys in females and testis in males in the 1000 mg kg–1diet, and significant decrease in relative weights of livers in males in the 100 mg kg–1diet were noted. Histopathological observations revealed that the 1000 mg kg–1ADP diet could induce lymphocytic infiltration and hepatocytic necrosis near the hepatic portal area. The genotoxicity of ADP was negative in tests, such as the bacterial reverse mutation assay, mice bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus assay,in vitrochromosomal aberration test,in vitrocho/hgprt mammalian cell mutagenesis assay and mice testicle cells chromosome aberration. Based on the subchronic study, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level for ADP was a 20 mg kg–1diet, which is about 1.44‐1.53 mg kg–1BW day–1in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human bone morphogenetic protein‐7 does not counteract aristolochic acid‐induced renal toxicity
Authors: Antoine Marie‐Hélène , Debelle Frédéric , Piccirilli Julie , El Kaddouri Fadoua , Declèves Anne‐Emilie , De Prez Eric , Husson Cécile , Mies Frédérique , Bourgeade Marie‐Françoise , Nortier Joëlle L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAristolochic acids (AA) are nephrotoxic and profibrotic agents, leading to chronic kidney disease. As some controversial studies have reported a nephroprotective effect of exogenous recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)‐7 in several models of renal fibrosis, we investigated the putative effect of rhBMP‐7 to prevent progressive tubulointerstitial damage after AA intoxication in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the toxicity of AA on renal tubular cells was demonstrated by an increase in vimentin as well as a decrease in β‐catenin expressions, reflecting a dedifferentiation process. Increased fibronectin and interleukin‐6 levels were measured in the supernatants. Enhanced α‐SMA mRNA levels associated to decreased E‐cadherin mRNA levels were also measured. Incubation with rhBMP‐7 only prevented the increase in vimentin and the decrease in β‐catenin expressions. In vivo, in a rat model of AA nephropathy, severe tubulointerstitial lesions induced by AA after 10 and 35 days (collagen IV deposition and tubular atrophy), were not prevented by the rhBMP‐7 treatment. Similarly, rhBMP‐7 did not ameliorate the significant increase in urinary concentrations of transforming growth factor‐β. In summary, our in vitro data demonstrated a poor beneficial effect of rhBMP‐7 to reverse cell toxicity while, in vivo, there was no beneficial effect of rhBMP‐7. Therefore, further investigations are needed to confirm the exact role of BMP‐7 in progressive chronic kidney disease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Style Troika Model: A Structural Model of the Thinking and Creating Styles Scale
Authors: Ibérico Nogueira Sara , Almeida Leonor , Garcês Soraia , Pocinho Margarida , Wechsler Solange 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIndividuals express their creativity through a variety of thinking and creating styles (Wechsler, 2006, 2007). These constructs underlie the Thinking and Creating Styles Scale (TCSS), which is used to identify individuals' creating styles. The aim of this research is to assess the factorial structure of the Portuguese version of the TCSS. Two studies were performed using 414 and 369 Portuguese participants with mean ages of 29.25 and 29.35 years, respectively. Study 1 consisted of an exploratory factor analysis that yielded a three‐factor solution. Study 2 consisted of a confirmatory factor analysis used to test the fit and compare the suitability of several factorial solutions. The three‐factor model (Non‐Conforming/Transformer, Cautious/Reflexive, and Logical/Objective) with the best statistical fit was called the Troika Model. In this model, each factor had five items and showed good and acceptable indices of fit. This new three‐factor structure results in a more efficient and attractive version of the TCSS: the Creating and Thinking Styles‐Troika Scale (CTS‐TS). Future studies should use the CTS‐TS and other creativity assessment instruments to explore the creativity level and style dichotomy.
Larger femoral periprosthetic bone mineral density decrease following total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture than for osteoarthritis: A prospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Mann Tobias , Eisler Thomas , Bodén Henrik , Muren Olle , Stark André , Salemyr Mats , Sköldenberg Olof 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTStudies on patients with degenerative joint disease of the hip show that femoral periprosthetic bone mineral decreases following total hip arthroplasty. Scarcely any osteodensitometric data exist on femoral neck fracture (FNF) patients and periprosthetic bone remodelling. In two parallel cohorts we enrolled 87 patients (mean age, 72 ± 12 years; male:female ratio, 30:57) undergoing total hip arthroplasty for either primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip (n = 37) or for an acute FNF (n = 50) and followed them for a mean of 5.4 years. Outcomes were bone mineral density (BMD) changes in the periprosthetic Gruen zones 1–7, the incidence of periprosthetic fractures and clinical outcome. The bone mineral loss in the fracture group was more than twice that of the osteoarthritis group, −16.9% versus −6.8% (p = 0.004). The incidence of periprosthetic fractures was 12% (6/50) in the fracture cohort compared with none (0%) in the OA cohort (p = 0.03). Periprosthetic bone mineral loss following total hip arthroplasty is significantly greater in patients who are treated for acute FNF than in OA patients. This decrease of BMD follows a different pattern with the FNF patients losing larger proportions of bone in Gruen zones 1, 2, 6, and 7 while the OA patients tend to have larger losses only in zones 1 and 7. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:504–512, 2015.
Prognostic significance of tumor mitotic rate in T2 melanoma staged with sentinel lymphadenectomy
Authors: Baker Justin J. , Meyers Michael O. , Deal Allison M. , Frank Jill F. , Stitzenberg Karyn B. , Ollila David W. 
Published: February 2015

Background and ObjectivesTumor mitotic rate (TMR) is an important prognostic variable for patients with thin melanoma. However it remains unclear what the significance of TMR is for more deeply invasive melanoma pathologically staged with a sentinel lymph node biopsy. We sought to determine the prognostic value of TMR in clinically node‐negative T2 melanoma patients staged with sentinel lymphadenectomy.MethodsA prospective IRB‐approved database of cutaneous melanoma patients treated from 09/01/1997–03/01/2011 was used to identify patients with T2 melanoma staged with a SLN. Associations were evaluated using Fisher's Exact test, and Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThree hundred thirteen T2 patients were included. 19% had ulceration, 11% a positive sentinel node (SLN), and 10% recurred. 44% of patients had TMR ≥1/mm2. TMR ≥1/mm2 did not predict SLN status. TMR ≥1/mm2 was significantly associated with recurrence in SLN negative patients; only 3% of those with TMR <1/mm2 developed a recurrence compared to 16% of those with TMR ≥1/mm2 (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAlthough TMR ≥1/mm2 is not associated with risk of SLN involvement in T2 melanoma, it is a significant risk factor for recurrence when SLN negative. As such, TMR could be used to stratify follow‐up regimens in SLN negative T2 patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:711–715. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radical cystectomy in patients over 80 years old in Quebec: A population‐based study of outcomes
Authors: Zakaria Ahmed S. , Santos Fabiano , Tanguay Simon , Kassouf Wassim , Aprikian Armen G. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo document radical cystectomy (RC) outcomes in patients over 80 years old across Quebec during the years 2000–2009 and to examine potentially related factors.MethodsWithin Quebec health insurance medical services database, we identified patients over 80 years who underwent RC. The outcomes analyzed were post‐operative complications, mortality rates at 30, 60 and 90 days and overall survival.ResultsA total of 275 patients over 80 years old had RC performed in 38 hospitals across Quebec. Among them, 33% had major post‐operative complications with 16% having more than one complication. Mortality rates at 30, 60 and 90 days were 5.8%, 9.8% and 13% respectively. 44.3% of RCs were performed in seven academic hospitals with mortality rates of 2.5%, 6.5% and 9% respectively. Community hospitals had mortality of 8.5%, 12.4% and 16.3% respectively (P < 0.001). The cohort 5‐year overall survival rate was 27%. The presence of post‐operative complications and the number of complications negatively affected overall survival (P < 0.001)ConclusionPatients over 80 years of age have high post‐RC mortality rates, especially at 90 days. In addition, it appears that they have lower post‐operative mortality if their RCs were performed in academic centers. Mortality rates and complications can be used when obtaining informed consent. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:917–922. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survivors of standard risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia do not have increased risk for overweight and obesity compared to non‐cancer peers: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Lindemulder Susan J. , Stork Linda C. , Bostrom Bruce , Lu Xiaomin , Devidas Meenakshi , Hunger Stephen , Neglia Joseph P. , Kadan‐Lottick Nina S. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether survivors of standard risk ALL (SR‐ALL) treated without cranial radiation have increased risk for obesity by assessing changes in body mass index (BMI) during and after treatment; identifying contributing patient and treatment factors; comparing rates of overweight/obese to national health data.ProcedureEligibility for this retrospective cohort study included: (i) previous enrollment on legacy therapy trials CCG1922 or CCG1952; (ii) continuous first remission; and (iii) age at follow‐up evaluation of 6–16.99 years. Height and weight from diagnosis, consolidation, start of maintenance, last cycle of maintenance, and off‐therapy were analyzed.ResultsThe 269 subjects were a median age of 3.5 years at diagnosis and 13.3 years at follow‐up. BMI% significantly increased from induction to consolidation (+17.6 ± 1.6%), start of maintenance to end‐of‐treatment (+3.3 ± 1.6%) and decreased from end‐of‐treatment to follow‐up (−3.5 ± 1.6%,). Higher BMI% at follow‐up was associated with higher BMI% at diagnosis (P < 0.0001), but not age at diagnosis, gender, or race. Patients previously randomized to dexamethasone had a stronger association between BMI% at diagnosis and BMI% at follow‐up than those who received prednisone (P = 0.0005). At follow‐up, 39% of survivors were overweight or obese; the relative risk of overweight/obese was 1.028 (P = 0.738) compared to the general population.ConclusionsOur study of patients with SR‐ALL found a significant increase in BMI% largely during the first month of therapy that is greater with dexamethasone than prednisone. However, after therapy, there was no increased risk of overweight/obese BMI compared to non‐cancer peers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1035–1041. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.