bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Partial Properties of a Porin‐Like Protein from Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cell Envelope
Authors: Koga Tetsuro , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe cell envelope of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pilot strain K‐11 contains a major protein with an apparent molecular weight of 35,000 which was not solubilized with 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 50 C for 30 min and was resistant to trypsin. The protein was extracted from the SDS‐insoluble envelope with SDS containing 0.4 m NaCl and purified by acetone precipitation and gel filtration. The purified protein was completely dissociated into a monomer with a molecular weight of 35,000 in SDS at 60 C. The amino acid composition of the protein was nearly the same as that of porins from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Thus the protein seems to be porin‐like.
Type‐Specific and Cross‐Reactive Antigenicity of Capsid Proteins VP1 and VP2 of Echovirus Type 7
Authors: Hasegawa Ayako , Inouye Sakae 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAfter disruption of echovirus type 7 virions with urea and heat, VP1 and VP2 were separated by isoelectric focusing in urea‐containing sucrose gradients. Antisera to these two polypeptides were produced in guinea pigs. In complement fixation, antiserum to VP1 reacted with native and heated virions (N and H antigens, respectively) of homologous virus, and also cross‐reacted with healed virions of some other enteroviruses used. Antiserum to VP2 was reactive only with heated virions of homologous and heterologous viruses. Interestingly, the anti‐VP2 serum reacted neither with native nor even with heated procapsids (naturally‐occurring empty capsids). Antiserum to VP1, but not VP2, showed neutralizing and hemagglutination‐inhibiting activities. These results suggest that 1) both VP1 and VP2 possess cross‐reactive antigenic determinants which are exposed on the surface of heated virions, and 2) type‐specific determinants of VP1 are located on the surface of native virions.
FcεR and FcγR Expressed on Murine IgE‐Specific Suppressor T Hybridomas
Authors: Yodoi Junji , Suemura Masaki , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe expression of Fc receptors specific for IgE (FcεR) and those for IgG (FcγR) on murine IgE‐specific suppressor T hybridomas was studied. While parental T lymphoma cells (BW5147) failed to bind IgE‐sensitized red cells (mIgE‐TNP‐ORBC), the majority of T hybridoma cell lines having IgE‐specific suppressor activity contained rosette‐forming cells (RFC) binding mIgE‐TNP‐ORBC (2 to 13% of the total cells). The expression of FcεR was poor (2% or less) in T hybridoma cell lines without IgE‐specific suppressor activity. In addition to FcεR, IgE‐specific suppressor T hybridomas also expressed FcγR as detected by ORBC sensitized with IgG antibodies (EAoxγ). β‐Interferon (IFN) (1,000 to 2,000 U/ml) augmented the expression of FcγR, but not of FcεR. On the other hand, preculture of the cells with 40 μg of mIgE per ml enhanced the expression of FcεR without augmenting FcγR expression. IgE‐specific suppressor activity in the culture supernatants of T hybridomas was also augmented by preculture with mIgE. However, a dissociation between the expression of FcεR and IgE‐suppressor activity was observed. In some of the subclones, mIgE augmented the suppressor activity without inducing the expression of FcεR. Furthermore, when treated with 5 μg of melittin, a phospholipase A2 activator, per ml, IgE‐specific suppressor activity of the hybridomas was completely abrogated, whereas IgE‐induced expression of FcεR was enhanced by melittin.
A Clustering Outbreak of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Coxsackie Virus A10
Authors: Itagaki Asao , Ishihara Junko , Mochida Kyo , Ito Yoshihiro , Saito Koichi , Nishino Yasuo , Koike Shigeyuki , Kurimura Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA clustering outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) occurred from July, 1981 to January, 1982 in Matsue City and Gotsu City, Shimane Prefecture. Thirty‐seven patients with clinical HFMD were virologically and serologically examined, and Coxsackie virus A10 (CA10) was isolated in 18 patients from vesicles (7/16), throat‐swabs (9/31) and feces (6/7). During the period, no CA16 or enterovirus 71 were isolated from HFMD patients or from other diseases such as pharyngitis, febrile diseases, and aseptic meningitis. Serological diagnosis was performed employing an African green monkey kidney cell (AG‐1)‐adapted CA10 which demonstrated cytopathogenic effects on the cells. Paired sera from seven patients including three cases in which isolation failed showed a significant increase of neutralizing antibody titer against CA10. Finally, an etiological diagnosis was made in 21 out of 37 patients with clinical HFMD. This is the first report of a clustering outbreak of HFMD caused by CA10 in Japan.
Mouse Alloantibodies Capable of Blocking Cytotoxic T Cell Function
Authors: Kojima Masaharu , Taniguchi Masaru , Shinohara Nobukata 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBlocking of cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) by anti‐Lyt‐2 antibodies was compared with that by anti‐H‐2 antibodies which most likely inhibit CML by blocking antigen recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Both antibodies were shown to inhibit the early Mg2+‐dependent process of killing. Moreover, the anti‐H‐2‐sensitive event was found to be reversible by the antibody as was the case with the anti‐Lyt‐2‐sensitive event, suggesting that the two antibodies block the same event taking place during the Mg2+‐dependent stage. Both types of antibody were also shown to be capable of inhibiting the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐mediated nonspecific killing activity of CTLs. However, in the case of anti‐Lyt‐2 antibodies, available monoclonal antibodies failed to inhibit PHA‐mediated killing whereas conventional antisera did. The results thus suggest multiplicity and heterogeneity of Lyt‐2 determinants or the existence of multiple products of Lyt‐2‐linked genes. In addition, an anti‐H‐2 antiserum also exerted a specific inhibitory effect on PHA‐mediated killing. Thus there appears to be a general requirement for involvement of the Lyt‐2 molecules on CTLs and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products on the target cells. The implications of these observations are discussed.
T Cell‐Activating Monokines in Guinea Pigs: Comparison of High and Low Molecular Weight Factors
Authors: Sakamoto Shigeru , Onoue Kaoru , Ohishi Masamichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGuinea pig monokines produced by lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated peritoneal macrophages were found in high (50,000–80,000) and low (10,000–30,000) molecular weight (m.w.) fractions by gel filtration. Both showed enhancing activity on the proliferative response of guinea pig and mouse thymocytes to PHA, but the high m.w. (65K) monokine was much more efficient than the low m.w. (15K) monokine in enhancing the response of lymph node T cells to PHA, suggesting its importance in the activation of peripheral T cells. The 65K monokine was coeluted with BSA present in the culture medium by DEAE‐cellulose chromatography, but was clearly separated from it by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The immunoadsorption experiment with anti‐BSA‐coupled gel also indicated that 65K monokine is not a complex of low m.w. monokine with BSA. Our series of studies showed that most monokine activities were always found in the 65K fraction in guinea pigs. Thus, in guinea pigs, the 65K component appears to constitute a major class of T cell‐activating moonkines.
Carbenicillin‐Hydrolyzing Penicillinases of Proteus mirabilis and the PSE‐Type Penicillinases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Takahashi Ikuko , Tsukamoto Kikuo , Harada Masako , Sawai Tetsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThree carbenicillin‐hydrolyzing penicillinases were found in Proteus mirabilis strains, N‐3, N‐29, and GN79. The former two strains were isolated in 1978, but strain GN79 was one of our stock cultures isolated in 1965. These penicillinases closely resembled each other, and the PSE‐1 and PSE‐4 enzymes produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in their substrate profiles and kinetic properties for hydrolyzing various β‐lactams. However, differences were found in their molecular weights and isoelectric points which ranged from 22,000 to 27,000 and from 6.0 to 6.9, respectively. The antiserum against the purified penicillinase of N‐29 cross‐reacted with the enzyme of N‐3 and inhibited its activity by more than 80%. The antiserum also reacted with the PSE‐1 and PSE‐4 enzymes. The antiserum did not react with the penicillinase from strain GN79 and the PSE‐2 and PSE‐3 enzymes of P. aeruginosa. Enzyme production in N‐3 and N‐29 was mediated by R plasmids.
Sporulation Promoting Factor in Vegetative Cells of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hachisuka Yoetsu , Imura Hiromi , Nakata Akemi , Hattori Emiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA simple experimental system for detection of sporulation promoting factors was presented. This system showed that there was a sporulation promoting factor in the vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis cultivated on nutrient agar for 9 hr (at stage T0). The factor was partially purified from the sonicate of vegetative cells by ethanol fractionation, gel filtration, chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis, and it was identified as manganese‐containing protein.
Plasmids in Vibrio parahemolyticus Strains Isolated in Japan and Bangladesh with Special Reference to Different Distributions
Authors: Arai Toshihiko , Ando Takao , Kusakabe Atsuko , Ullah Md. Arshad 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe surveyed plasmids in naturally occurring Vibrio parahemolyticus strains isolated in Japan and Bangladesh. Among the strains isolated in Japan, about half of the strains isolated from stools of patients of domestic diarrhea outbreaks as well as of travelers returning from East Asia were found to have plasmids, but no strains from foods had plasmids. In contrast, among the strains isolated in Bangladesh, none of the four strains isolated from patients had plasmids, but two out of eight strains isolated from water had plasmids, suggesting that plasmids are common in strains from the water in Bangladesh. All plasmids so far reported in V. parahemolyticus were detected in strains isolated from stools of patients. Incidences of plasmids in this organism were not so high in either area. In Japan, all plasmids were detected in strains from human intestines at 37 C, but in Bangladesh, where the temperature is around 30–40 C, the plasmids were detected in strains from the natural environment. These results suggested the possibility that these plasmids can come from different bacteria under rather high temperatures and that incidences of plasmids are influenced by the incidences of plasmids in bacteria present in the vicinity of V. parahemolyticus strains. None of these plasmids were found to have any relation to the biological characters tested.
Adjuvant Activity of Klebsiella O3 Lipopolysaccharide: No Contribution of Proteins to the Expression of Adjuvant Activity
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Kido Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Naito Setsuko , Hasegawa Takaaki , Mori Masashi , Agata Norio , Nakashima Izumi , Kuno Tsuneharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPreviously we found that Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) isolated from culture supernatant of strain Kasuya (O3:K1) or its decapsulated mutant strain LEN‐1 (O3: K1–) exhibited very strong adjuvant activity in augmenting antibody response and delayed‐type hypersensitivity to protein antigens in mice. The preparation of KO3 LPS after deproteinization by four cycles of treatment with chloroform–butanol (5: 1) usually contained a small percentage of proteins and a definite amount of another antigen which was destroyed by heating at 100 C for 1 hr. This antigen proved to be derived from type 1 fimbriae which are responsible for mannose‐sensitive hemagglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes. The preparation of KO3 LPS isolated from culture supernatant of the strains which did not produce type 1 fimbriae exhibited strong adjuvant activity similar to that of the preparation from those which produced them. The preparation of KO3 LPS treated with hot phenol water which is known to remove lipid A‐associated proteins exhibited a similar strong adjuvant activity. The preparation of KO3 LPS after extensive deproteinizing, two cycles of pronase treatment followed by ten cycles of treatment with chloroform–butanol, no longer contained detectable amounts of proteins and the fimbrial antigen, but this preparation also exhibited similar strong adjuvant activity. Moreover, there was no difference in strength of the adjuvant activity between the preparation of KO3 LPS isolated from culture supernatant and that isolated by the phenol method from bacterial cells. The present study demonstrates that the strong adjuvant activity of the preparation of KO3 LPS does not depend in any way on proteins contaminating the preparation.
Incompatibility Group K Plasmids in Bacteria Isolated from a Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Araki Yasuhisa , Inoue Matsuhisa , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCitrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were concurrently isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection. Transferable drug resistant plasmids were isolated from both strains, pMS434 and pMS435. These plasmids belonged to incompatibility group K and both carried genes governing resistance to various aminoglycoside antibiotics, i.e., kanamycin, gentamicin C complex, streptomycin, and 3′, 4′‐dideoxykanamycin B, in addition to those governing resistance to sulfanilamide and ampicillin. They inactivated kanamycin, gentamicin C complex and 3′,4′‐dideoxykanamycin by adenylylation and kanamycin by phosphorylation. Electron microscopic observations disclosed that the molecular weights of the plasmids were about 67.8 megadaltons. These results indicated the similarity in genetic constitution of the two plasmids. This was the second isolation of incompatibility group K plasmids, following that reported by Hedges and Datta.
Fusion of Sendai Viruses or Subviral Envelope Components with Chicken Erythrocytes Observed by Freeze‐Fracture Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hosaka Yasuhiro , Yasuda Yuko , Fukai Konosuke , Ikeuchi Yoko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour different types of envelope of Sendai virus or subviral components, that is, infectious and non‐infectious virions, reassembled envelope particles (REP), and Tween‐ether‐treated envelope fragments (TE), were studied comparatively for membrane interactions with chicken erythrocytes by freeze‐fracture electron microscopy, specifically for membrane alteration by envelope fusion.The freeze‐fracture replicas of the attachment of the four envelopes in the cold exhibited a common pattern of impressions with attached envelopes, although the fracture plane traversed from erythrocyte to envelope at the periphery of the contact areas of three of the envelopes but not of TE, where the fracture plane mostly cut only through erythrocyte membranes impressed with TE. The freeze‐fracture replicas of the four envelopes reacting with erythrocytes after a short incubation period at 37 C exhibited distinctive features: infectious virions and REP displayed evidence of envelope fusion, but non‐infectious virions and TE showed a particular pattern of envelope association without fusion. Our data demonstrate that the pattern specific for envelope fusion is the formation of a continuous membrane from envelope to cell membrane in a cross fracture of an erythrocyte.
Biological Activities of Guinea Pig Mitogenic Factor from Immune Lymphocytes Stimulated with Antigen
Authors: Iribe Hideaki , Koga Toshitaka 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMitogenic factor was produced by sensitized guinea pig lymph node cells stimulated with a specific antigen. Both T lymphocytes and macrophages were required for the production of this factor. The culture supernatant of lymphocytes containing the mitogenic factor exhibited a strong helping effect on the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Mitogenic factor and the factor with the helping activity coeluted in the molecular weight range of 25,000‐35,000 daltons in gel filtration. Furthermore the fraction containing mitogenic factor was found to support the proliferation of lymphoblasts induced by PHA or antigen, suggesting that the mitogenic factor may be the guinea pig equivalent of T cell growth factor (TCGF) reported in the mouse, rat, and human.On the other hand, the T cell‐activating monokine of the guinea pig, possessing the helping activity for the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to PHA, never exhibited TCGF‐like activity.
Evidence for Generation of Suppressor T Cells in Mycobacterium lepraemurium‐Infected CBA/J Mice, a Mouse Strain Highly Susceptible to the Infection
Authors: Saito Nanako , Hirooka Yoshiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSusceptibility to Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) infection markedly differed between two mouse strains, CBA/J and C57BL/6. CBA/J mice showed high susceptibility to MLM infection and developed either very weak or no delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to MLM antigen after the injection of MLM. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice, which were resistant to MLM infection, showed significant DTH reaction to MLM antigen after the injection.Treatment of CBA/J mice with cyclophosphamide (Cy) conferred significant resistance to MLM infection on the CBA/J mice, and the treated mice developed a strong anti‐MLM DTH response after the MLM injection. When spleen cells from MLM‐infected CBA/J mice were transferred to Cy‐treated and MLM‐infected syngeneic mice, the anti‐MLM DTH reaction of the recipient mice was suppressed. Treatment of the spleen cells to be transferred with anti‐Thy‐1.2 antibody or anti‐I‐Jk antiserum plus complement abrogated the suppressive activity. Thus, it is suggested that the high susceptibility of CBA/J mice to MLM infection is due to the generation of Cy‐sensitive, I‐Jk‐positive suppressor T cells after infection with MLM.
Translation of Human Interleukin 2 mRNA in Xenopus laevis Oocytes
Authors: Hirano Toshio , Sudo Tetsuo , Teranishi Tsuyoshi , Fujimoto Kouji , Iizuka Masahiko , Kobayashi Sigeyasu , Onoue Kaoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPoly(A)‐positive mRNA extracted from tonsillar mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin‐M and 12‐o‐tetradecanoyl phorbol 13‐acetate was successfully translated into biologically active interleukin 2 (IL‐2) in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and secreted into the incubation medium. In control experiments, the extract of oocytes injected with either poly(A)‐negative RNA or buffer did not show any IL‐2 activity. By sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis, IL‐2 mRNA was found as a single peak corresponding to a sedimentation coefficient of 10‐11S.
Delayed Hypersensitivity in Murine Salmonellosis: Specificity of Footpad Reaction in Mice Infected with Rough Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Cho Norio , Saito‐Taki Tatsuo , Nakano Masayasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDelayed type (footpad) hypersensitivity (DTH) in BALB/c mice immunized with rough mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was examined. Injection of live organisms of an Rb mutant TV148 strain induced DTH in mice, while injection of the heat‐killed organisms did not. The mice immunized with live organisms of the Ra, Rb, Rc, Rd, and Re mutant strains showed positive footpad reactions to the heat‐killed cell antigen of LT2 (wild type) strain. The mice immunized with the Rb mutant strain also showed positive footpad swellings in response to heat‐killed cell antigens of S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B, S. typhi, S. enteritidis, and S. cholerae‐suis. Furthermore, positive reactions to antigens of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri were seen in the TV148‐immunized mice, but the mice did not respond to heat‐killed organisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus. The cross‐reactive footpad reaction to E. coli could be transferred adoptively with T cells prepared from the spleens of TV148‐immunized mice into syngeneic recipients. These results suggest that the cross‐reactive DTH antigen(s) is widely distributed among related organisms such as Shigella and Escherichia.
Increased Susceptibility to Escherichia coli Infection in Mice Pretreated with Corynebacterium parvum
Authors: Yoshikai Yasunobu , Miake Shunji , Sano Masatoshi , Nomoto Kikuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe contribution of activated macrophages to protection against Escherichia coli was studied in mice treated intravenously with Corynebacterium parvum 7 days before infection. C. parvum‐treated mice showed increased phagocytic activity and enhanced resistance to Listeria infection. In contrast, these mice showed increased susceptibility to a subsequent challenge with E. coli that correlated closely with a reduction in the LD50 of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in these mice. The peritoneal macrophages obtained from C. parvum‐treated mice had a strong ability to phagocytize and kill E. coli in in vitro experiments. A rapid decline in the number of bacteria in the liver of C. parvum‐treated mice was observed in the early period of infection. However, the number of bacteria in liver and spleen increased progressively to a lethal dose from 6 hr after infection. At this time, a significant increase in β‐glucuronidase, a lysosomal acid hydrolase, was found in the serum of these mice. In vitro experiments revealed that the peritoneal macrophages from C. parvum‐treated mice were highly susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of LPS after 6 hr of incubation with LPS. It is suggested that the hypersensitivity of activated macrophages to the cytotoxic effect of endotoxin derived from E. coli may be partly responsible for the increased susceptibility of C. parvum‐treated mice to E. coli infection.
Stimulation of Locomotion of Peripheral Blood Monocytes by Human Plasma Fibronectin
Authors: Yonemasu Kunio , Nakanishi Akira , Sasaki Takako , Kashiba Syuzo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe motility of human peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in response to human plasma fibronectin was quantified by an in vitro assay using blind‐well chemotaxis chambers. Purified fibronectin under nondenaturing conditions produced increased migration of granulocytes only at concentrations higher than 100 nm, and induced increased chemotactic and random locomotion of monocytes at concentrations higher than 0.1 nm. The monocyte migration‐inducing activity of fibronectin was concentration dependent, and was strongly inhibited by low concentrations of colchicine (100 nm–100 μm). These findings suggest the possibility that plasma fibronectin serves as a chemotactic stimulus for monocytes in vivo and attracts these cells to sites of microscopic tissue injury where plasma fibronectin is deposited.
Chemical and Ultrastructural Comparison of Endotoxins Extracted from Salmonella minnesota Wild Type and R Mutants
Authors: Amano Ken‐Ichi , Fukushi Kazue 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEndotoxic lipopolysaccharide and glycolipids (RGl) extracted from Salmonella minnesota wild type and R mutant cells (chemotypes Ra, Rb, Re, Rd1, and Rd2), respectively, with hot phenol‐water (PW) and phenol‐chloroform‐petroleum ether (PCP) were analyzed chemically and electron microscopically. All RGl extracted with PW (RGl‐PW) contained excess amounts of phosphate, O‐ester linked fatty acids and neutral sugars, while all RGl extracted with PCP (RGl‐PCP) contained excess amounts of free amino groups and fatty acids, in addition to the RGl constituents. Polyamine (cadaverine), phosphoethanolamine, and an unidentified amino compound were contained in RGl‐PCP as free amino groups.When stained with uranyl formate, the ultrastructure of RGl‐PW showed a spherical form (onion‐like form), whereas the micrographs of RGl‐PCP showed a filamentous structure, regardless of strain differences. On the other hand, the micrographs of RGl‐PW represented spherical and doughnut‐shaped forms, and the micrographs of RGl‐PCP showed filamentous or stick forms, when stained with uranyl acetate. Thus, it is suggested that the ultrastructures of RGl were dominated by the solvent systems used for extraction, and not by the strains used here.