bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofeedback‐based training for stress management in daily hassles: an intervention study
Authors: Kotozaki Yuka , Takeuchi Hikaru , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Yamamoto Yuki , Shinada Takamitsu , Araki Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Kei , Taki Yasuyuki , Ogino Takeshi , Kiguchi Masashi , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe day‐to‐day causes of stress are called daily hassles. Daily hassles are correlated with ill health. Biofeedback (BF) is one of the tools used for acquiring stress‐coping skills. However, the anatomical correlates of the effects of BF with long training periods remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate this.MethodsParticipants were assigned randomly to two groups: the intervention group and the control group. Participants in the intervention group performed a biofeedback training (BFT) task (a combination task for heart rate and cerebral blood flow control) every day, for about 5 min once a day. The study outcomes included MRI, psychological tests (e.g., Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Brief Job Stress Questionnaire), and a stress marker (salivary cortisol levels) before (day 0) and after (day 28) the intervention.ResultsWe observed significant improvements in the psychological test scores and salivary cortisol levels in the intervention group compared to the control group. Furthermore, voxel‐based morphometric analysis revealed that compared to the control group, the intervention group had significantly increased regional gray matter (GM) volume in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, which is an anatomical cluster that includes mainly the left hippocampus, and the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. The GM regions are associated with the stress response, and, in general, these regions seem to be the most sensitive to the detrimental effects of stress.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that our BFT is effective against the GM structures vulnerable to stress.
Formation of Octameric Methylaluminoxanes by Hydrolysis of Trimethylaluminum and the Mechanisms of Catalyst Activation in Single‐Site α‐Olefin Polymerization Catalysis
Authors: Hirvi Janne T. , Bochmann Manfred , Severn John R. , Linnolahti Mikko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHydrolysis of trimethylaluminum (TMA) leads to the formation of methylaluminoxanes (MAO) of general formula (MeAlO)n(AlMe3)m. The thermodynamically favored pathway of MAO formation is followed up to n=8, showing the major impact of associated TMA on the structural characteristics of the MAOs. The MAOs bind up to five TMA molecules, thereby inducing transition from cages into rings and sheets. Zirconocene catalyst activation studies using model MAO co‐catalysts show the decisive role of the associated TMA in forming the catalytically active sites. Catalyst activation can take place either by Lewis‐acidic abstraction of an alkyl or halide ligand from the precatalyst or by reaction of the precatalyst with an MAO‐derived AlMe2+ cation. Thermodynamics suggest that activation through AlMe2+ transfer is the dominant mechanism because sites that are able to release AlMe2+ are more abundant than Lewis‐acidic sites. The model catalyst system is demonstrated to polymerize ethene.
Effect of imperfect channel state information and co‐channel interferences on two‐hop fixed gain amplify‐and‐forward relay networks with beamforming
Authors: Lin Min , Wei Heng , An Kang , Ouyang Jian , Huang Yongming 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis letter investigates the joint effects of imperfect channel state information and co‐channel interferences on a two‐hop fixed gain amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relay network with beamforming. Specifically, the analytical expressions of the outage probability and the average symbol error rate for the AF relaying are derived. Moreover, the asymptotic analysis at high signal‐to‐noise ratio is also presented to reveal the diversity order and array gain of the considered AF relay system. Finally, computer simulations are given to confirm the validity of the analytical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cochrane in context: Honey for acute cough in children
Authors: Oduwole Olabisi , Meremikwu Martin M. , Oyo‐Ita Angela , Udoh Ekong E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCochrane Review: Honey for acute cough in children Oduwole O, Meremikwu MM, Oyo‐Ita A, Udoh EE. Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD007094. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007094.pub3.This companion piece to the review, “Honey for acute cough in children,“ contains the following pieces:

The abstract of the review
A commentary from one or more of the review authors, explaining why the review team felt the review was an important one to produce
A review of clinical practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Canadian Paediatric Society
Transformation and Reactivity of a Potassium Catalyst during Coal–Steam Catalytic Pyrolysis and Gasification
Authors: Wang Xingjun , Zhu Huaili , Wang Ximin , Liu Haifeng , Wang Fuchen , Yu Guangsuo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe transformation of potassium catalyst during coal pyrolysis and steam gasification has been studied in a fixed‐bed reactor. The gasification residues were obtained by leaching in the water and drying in an oven. The crystallite constituents and ash constituent of the gasification residue were identified by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that potassium aluminum silicate crystallites were derived from the interaction of potassium with mineral matter. The amount of reduced potassium in the gasification residue was measured by adding steam at low‐temperature conditions. The transformation of potassium catalyst and amount of metallic potassium intermediate were determined during pyrolysis and gasification. The amount of K2CO3 pyrolysis residue decreased as the pyrolysis temperature increased, and the reaction activity increased as the amount of reduced‐state potassium increased.
Abrasive notches along the Atlantic Patagonian coast and their potential use as sea level markers: the case of Puerto Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina)
Authors: Bini M. , Isola I. , Pappalardo M. , Ribolini A. , Favalli M. , Ragaini L. , Zanchetta G. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPatagonia Argentina is a key area for the study of sea level changes in the southern hemisphere, but the availability of reliable sea level markers in this area is still problematic. In fact the storm deposits (beach ridge) commonly used here to reconstruct past sea level oscillations introduce a wide error. Along the Puerto Deseado coast (Santa Cruz), morphometric analyses of 11 features were carried out using traditional measurement tools and a digital software‐based method (tested on one selected feature) with the aim to investigate the possibility of their use as sea level markers. By undertaking accurate topographic profiles we identified the relationship between notches and current sea level. In detail, we identified two clusters of notch retreat point elevations, with a very low internal variability. The lower was located a little below the mean high tide level (mHT) and the upper located at least 0.5 m above the maximum high tide level (MHT). Field observations of tidal levels and the position of notches suggest that the lower notches are active and the upper are inactive. This study on the abrasive notches attests their quality as sea level markers and opens up the use of fossil abrasive notches as palaeo sea level markers because the error linked to these features is substantially smaller than that introduced by beach ridges commonly used in the study area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How significant (p < 0.05) is geomorphic research?
Authors: Hutton Christopher J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe pervasive application of the Null Hypothesis Significance Test in geomorphic research runs counter to widespread, long running, and often severe criticism of the method in the broader scientific literature. The application of the methodology typically leads to a binary separation of evidence into ‘significant’ and ‘not significant’ results based on a p‐value that is dependent on the null hypothesis being true. The method should not therefore be used to provide statistical support for substantive hypotheses, and is unsuitable for scientific inference in open systems where confirmation can only ever be partial. Alternative approaches based on Bayesian statistics can importantly be applied to measure partial support for hypotheses, conditional on the available data. Though not without their own assumptions, wider application of such methods can help facilitate a transition towards a broader approach to statistical, and in turn, scientific inference in geomorphic systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exploration of worry content and catastrophic thinking in middle‐aged and older‐aged adults with and without Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wright Anwen , Hurt Catherine S. , Gorniak Sarah , Brown Richard G. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveWorry is a common and distressing problem in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about the nature and content of worry in PD and how it might differ to non‐PD populations. The study aimed to explore the content and nature of worry in middle‐aged and older‐aged adults with and without PD.MethodFour groups of participants, 20 PD patients (10 high worry and 10 low worry) and 19 middle‐aged and older‐aged adults (10 high worry and nine low worry), completed the catastrophising interview (CI) for three worry topics. Worriers were classified (high/low) on the basis of Penn State Worry Questionnaire scores. Data were analysed using framework analysis.ResultsHigh worriers showed a greater diversity of worry topics than low worriers. Health worries differentiated high and low worriers in the non‐PD sample but were common across all PD participants. The CI revealed that the root concern of worry was often different to that initially described. In particular, PD high worriers were more likely to express underlying concerns about negative self‐perception and death/severe incapacity.ConclusionThe CI was able to identify the root cause of worry, demonstrating the value of this technique in the exploration and treatment of worry and psychological distress. Exploring worry content may help to distinguish patients with problematic worry, with worries about self‐perception and death/severe incapacity characteristic of high worriers. Therapeutic interventions designed to alleviate problematic worry and distress in PD need to take account of the realities of living with PD and the potentially realistic nature of worries that may appear catastrophic in a healthy population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Changes Upon Oxidation of (PtBu2)2 and 1,4‐(CH2)2(PtBu)4: Transannular P–P Interactions in Cations of the 1,4‐C2P4 Ring
Authors: Elder Philip J. W. , Roemmele Tracey L. , Taghavikish Mona , Engesser Tobias A. , Scherer Harald , Krossing Ingo , Boeré René T. , Chivers Tristram 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations for the six‐membered ring 1,4‐(CH2)2(PtBu)4 (1), the dimer (PtBu2)2 (2) and the 2,5‐chalcogenated derivatives of 1, 3a (E = S) and 3b (E = Se), and the corresponding cation radicals and dications predict significant structural changes upon oxidation. The formation of a transannular P–P single bond (ca. 2.25 Å) in the three cyclic dications 12+, 3a2+, and 3b2+ is indicated by geometry and consideration of the frontier orbitals. The calculations also indicate a weak transannular interaction in the cyclic cation radicals. The nature of these transannular P–P bonding interactions is analyzed through a consideration of the molecular orbitals involved. Cyclic Voltammetry studies of 1 and 2 reveal two well‐separated oxidation processes. Both processes are irreversible for 1 at normal scan rates, whereas for 2 the first process is quasi‐reversible. The cation radical 1+• could not be detected by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the first electrochemical oxidation, but a spectrum for the radical cation 2+• could be observed. The difference in the redox behavior of 1 and 2 is considered with respect to the structural parameters and DFT calculations. Chemical oxidation of 1 with NO+[Al(ORF)4]− (RF = C(CF3)3) in CH2Cl2 led to a complex mixture; the protonated cation H1+ (1,4‐(CH2)2(PtBu)3(HPtBu)+) was identified as one of the major products on the basis of multinuclear NMR spectra.
Effect of pre‐harvest methyl jasmonate treatments on ethylene production, water‐soluble phenolic compounds and fruit quality of Japanese plums
Authors: Ozturk Burhan , Yıldız Kenan , Kucuker Emine 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of pre‐harvest methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatments on ethylene production, respiration rate, bioactive compounds and physico‐chemical parameters of plum fruits (Prunus salicina Lindell cv. ‘Fortune’ and ‘Friar’) were investigated. Whole trees were sprayed once with an aqueous solution containing MJ (0, 1120 and 2240 mg L−1) 2 weeks before the anticipated commercial harvest for each cultivar.RESULTSIn both plum cultivars, 1120 mg L−1 MJ significantly increased hue angle of fruits. The fruit mass and geometric mean diameter were lower in MJ treatments while flesh firmness was higher, except at initial harvest date. Soluble solids concentration increased and titratable acidity decreased with MJ treatments. MJ‐treated fruits exhibited higher levels of ethylene production and respiration rate. MJ was more effective in increasing water‐soluble antioxidant activity, water‐soluble phenolics and individual phenolics. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, naringenin and kaempferol contents significantly increased with 2240 mg L−1 MJ.CONCLUSIONSThis study revealed that pre‐harvest MJ treatments were effective in delaying softening of late‐harvested fruits and increasing bioactive compounds of plum fruits. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Mitigating Gender Inequality in Rural Regions: The Effects of Tourism Employment in Namibia
Authors: Khatiwada Lila Kumar , Silva Julie A. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe examine the effects of tourism employment on gender inequality in Namibia. We find that tourism contributes to local livelihoods by providing opportunities for cash income through employment, craft sales and shareholder profits from tourism enterprises. In general, male‐headed households are economically better off. Female‐headed households with tourism employment are better off than those without and are as equally well‐off as male‐headed households. We find no significant statistical difference between male‐headed households with tourism employment and those without it. These findings suggest that tourism provides specific advantages for women and helps mitigate gender inequality in areas where tourism employment is available. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasmonic and metamaterial structures as electromagnetic absorbers
Authors: Cui Yanxia , He Yingran , Jin Yi , Ding Fei , Yang Liu , Ye Yuqian , Zhong Shoumin , Lin Yinyue , He Sailing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractElectromagnetic absorbers have drawn increasing attention in many areas. A series of plasmonic and metamaterial structures can work as efficient narrowband absorbers due to the excitation of plasmonic or photonic resonances, providing a great potential for applications in designing selective thermal emitters, biosensing, etc. In other applications such as solar‐energy harvesting and photonic detection, the bandwidth of light absorbers is required to be quite broad. Under such a background, a variety of mechanisms of broadband/multiband absorption have been proposed, such as mixing multiple resonances together, exciting phase resonances, slowing down light by anisotropic metamaterials, employing high loss materials and so on.
Fabrication of Durable Honeycomb‐Patterned Films of Poly(ether sulfone)s via Breath Figures
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Ma Hengyu , Tian Ye , Xie Fucheng , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: June 2014

Honeycomb‐patterned porous films of poly(ether sulfone) (PES) are prepared via breath figures (BF), in which dichloromethane (DCM) is used as the solvent, although the solubility of PES in DCM is relatively low. It is found that the use of a DCM suspension of PES as the casting solution and the addition of an amphiphilic block copolymer, poly(styrene‐co‐maleic acid) partial isobutyl ester (PSME), assist the stabilization of water‐droplet arrays during the BF process, contributing to improved pattern regularity, and finally leading to the formation of highly ordered honeycomb‐patterned films of PES. A synergetic effect of concentration and humidity on the film morphology is discovered and systematically investigated. Moreover, the resultant films possess enhanced resistance to strong acid and base solutions under heating, indicating their promising applications under harsh conditions.
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Fully Biobased Unsaturated Aliphatic Polyesters from Renewable Resources: Enzymatic Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties
Authors: Jiang Yi , van Ekenstein Gert O. R. Alberda , Woortman Albert J. J. , Loos Katja 
Published: June 2014

Fully biobased saturated and unsaturated aliphatic polyesters and oligoesters are successfully prepared by Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)‐catalyzed polycondensations of succinate, itaconate, and 1,4‐butanediol. The effects of monomer substrates and polymerization methods on enzymatic polycondensation are investigated. The CALB‐catalyzed polycondensations of succinic acid, itaconic acid, and 1,4‐butanediol only yield oligomers. By replacing the unactivated dicarboxylic acids with the alkyl diesters, polyesters with various chemical compositions are successfully obtained. The molar compositions and molecular weights of poly(butylene succinate‐co‐itaconate) (PBSI) are significantly affected by the applied polymerization method. Compared with the two‐stage enzymatic polymerization in bulk and in diphenyl ether, the enzymatic azeotropic polymerization in the mixture of cyclohexane and toluene is the best method to synthesize high‐molecular‐weight PBSI with tunable molar compositions. The 13C NMR study reveals that CALB is capable of producing more I‐B‐I‐3 microstructures in the mixture of cyclohexane and toluene by azeotropic distillation. Moreover, the crystalline properties of the obtained polyesters are characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and DSC. Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of the crosslinked PBSI are studied.
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ADMET Polymerization of Amino‐Acid‐Based Diene
Authors: Führer Felix N. , Schlaad Helmut 
Published: June 2014

1,4‐Di(homo)allyl‐2,5‐diketopiperazines are synthesized and polymerized via ADMET using the Hoveyda–Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst. The but‐3‐enylated diketopiperazine can be converted into unsaturated tertiary polyamide with molar mass of <3000 g mol−1, whereas the allylated diketopiperazine cannot. Double‐bond isomerization occurs regardless of whether or not benzoquinone is present. A polyesteramide with a higher molar mass of ca. 4800 g mol−1 is obtained by the alternating copolymerization (ALTMET) of 1,4‐di(but‐3‐enyl)‐2,5‐diketopiperazine and ethylene glycol diacrylate. A post‐polymerization modification of the poly(ester)amides via radical thiol‐ene chemistry, however, fails.
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Novel SiO2‐Supported Silyl‐Chromate(Cr)/Imido‐Vanadium(V) Bimetallic Catalysts Producing Polyethylene and Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymers with Bimodal Molecular‐Weight Distribution
Authors: Zhao Ning , Cheng Ruihua , He Xuelian , Liu Zhen , Liu Boping , Zhang Rui , Gao Yuxin , Zou Enguang , Wang Sihan 
Published: June 2014

Novel SiO2‐supported silyl‐chromate(Cr)/imido‐vanadium(V) (Cr‐imidoV) bimetallic catalysts for ethylene and ethylene/α‐olefin polymerization are investigated. These catalysts are prepared using the residual surface hydroxyl groups in SiO2‐supported imido‐vanadium catalysts to further support bis(triphenylsilyl) chromate (BC) in order to get the merits from both the SiO2‐supported imido vanadium catalyst and the SiO2‐supported silyl chromate S‐2 catalyst. By investigation of the polymerization behavior and the microstructures of their polymers, several vital factors such as the addition amount of imido vanadium active centers and the dosage of 1‐hexene in the ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization are systematically investigated. Compared with the traditional S‐2 catalyst and our previously reported SiO2‐supported silyl‐chromate(Cr)/vanadium(V)‐oxide (Cr‐V) bimetallic catalyst, the novel Cr‐imidoV bimetallic catalysts show even higher activity and better 1‐hexene incorporation ability, together with higher molecular weight (MW) and bimodal molecular‐weight distribution (MWD).
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An Improved Rapid Mixing Device for Time‐Resolved Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Measurements
Authors: Zinck Nicholas , Stark Ann-Kathrin , Wilson Derek J. , Sharon Michal 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTime series data can provide valuable insight into the complexity of biological reactions. Such information can be obtained by mass‐spectrometry‐based approaches that measure pre‐steady‐state kinetics. These methods are based on a mixing device that rapidly mixes the reactants prior to the on‐line mass measurement of the transient intermediate steps. Here, we describe an improved continuous‐flow mixing apparatus for real‐time electrospray mass spectrometry measurements. Our setup was designed to minimize metal–solution interfaces and provide a sheath flow of nitrogen gas for generating stable and continuous spray that consequently enhances the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Moreover, the device was planned to enable easy mounting onto a mass spectrometer replacing the commercial electrospray ionization source. We demonstrate the performance of our apparatus by monitoring the unfolding reaction of cytochrome C, yielding improved signal‐to‐noise ratio and reduced experimental repeat errors.