bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of the SNP microarray technology to identify rare mutations in the case of perinatal death
Authors: Hoeffding Louise K. , Kock Kirsten F. , Johnsen Iben G. , Hansen Thomas , Werge Thomas 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray technology has emerged as a powerful tool to screen the whole genome for sub-microscopic duplications and deletions that are not detectable by traditional cytogenetic analysis.

Case: We report a case of a female twin born at 27th week of gestation who died 1 day after birth whereas the co-twin survived without complications. The case twin was referred to our unit for autopsy, and in addition we performed an SNP microarray analysis.

Results: Three copy number variants (CNVs) were identified by the SNP microarray analysis. The most interesting CNV in relation to the clinical phenotype (pulmonary immaturity) was a disruption in the gene ST6GALNAC3 (1p31.1) that is involved in the biosynthesis of gangliosides.

Conclusions: It is unknown from this case report whether the CNV at 1p31.1 contributes to a genetic predisposition that is related to maturation of the lungs or the perinatal death of one of the twins. However, disruptions in the biosynthesis of gangliosides have been previously associated with premature death in mice.
Pre-grading of spruce logs containing frozen and unfrozen water by means of frequency-based nondestructive testing (NDT)
Authors: Denzler Julia K. , Weidenhiller Andreas 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The possibility for pre-grading of logs throughout the year has been evaluated based on dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEdyn or simplified E
dyn) by means of frequency-based nondestructive testing (NDTfreq). The challenge is that E
dyn is variable in the frozen, partly frozen, and unfrozen states of logs (state of matter). In the unfrozen state, NDTfreq is reliable if the moisture content does not fall below fiber saturation. The state of the matter was tested via temperature measurements of air and log by means of an infrared technique and sensors, and information was evaluated from NDTfreq. The temperature measurements proved to be inefficient for industrial application because of unreliable data and long measurement times, whereas the NDTfreq measurements allowed the determination of meaningful damping factors. A sufficient level of predictability for more than 60% of the measurements was found. The log measurements in the partly frozen state are inconclusive because E
dyn data fluctuate in the presence of both liquid and frozen water. For the completely frozen logs, a correction is introduced as a precaution that avoids an overestimation of E
dyn in the unfrozen state.
Modification of acid hydrolysis lignin for value-added applications by micronization followed by hydrothermal alkaline treatment
Authors: Krutov Stepan M. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Ipatova Elena V. , Santos Sonia A.O. , Sazanov Yurii N. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Technical hydrolysis lignin (THL) was micronized by grinding in a rotary-jet mill to obtain a fraction of approximately 5 mm. Both initial and milled THLs were liquefied by thermal alkaline treatment at 220°C for 2 h. Upgraded THLs that were nonmilled (L1) and milled (L2) were desalted by treatment with cation-exchanged resin and were dried. Micronization affected the course of hydrothermal alkaline treatment and the structure and composition of the obtained lignin. Thus, L2 contained much less concomitant polysaccharides and extractives than L1 and was more condensed. The molecular weights of L1 and L2 were 1100 and 1000 Da, respectively, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characterization carried out by employing tandem electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that small amounts of β-O-4 (∼6 mol.%), β-5, and β-β structures still remained in L1 and L2. Overall, upgraded lignins are oligomers (trimers-pentamers) with highly degraded propane chains and possess polyconjugated condensed aromatic structures. Upgraded THL seems to be a promising raw material for polymeric formulations.
Synthesis and antifungal activity of dehydroabietic acid-based thiadiazole-phosphonates
Authors: Chen Nai-Yuan , Duan Wen-Gui , Liu Lu-Zhi , Li Fang-Yao , Lu Min-Ping , Liu Bu-Ming 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In search of new potent bioactive compounds, a series of dehydroabietic acid-based thiadiazole-phosphonate compounds were designed and synthesized by the Mannich-type reaction. All target compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, 31P NMR, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The preliminary bioassay experiments showed that, at the concentration of 50 μg ml-1, some of the target compounds exhibited excellent antifungal activity against the five fungi tested, in which several compounds displayed even better antifungal effects than the commercial antifungal drug azoxystrobin, which served as the positive control in this study.
Surface Functionalization and Magnetic Motion of Hydrophobic Magnetic Nanoparticles with Different Sizes
Authors: Li Fagen , Wu Wei , Ning Aifeng , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A facile and general strategy was successfully developed for the surface modiﬁcation of hydrophobic Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with various sizes (4–17 nm). The results show that the magnetic and hydrophobic properties are sensitive to the nanoparticle size. For example, the contact angle (CA) of the sample increases as the particle size increases. Using these surface modification techniques allowed the coating of water droplets with highly hydrophobic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to form magnetic liquid marbles through a mechanical method. The behavior of these liquid marbles under the action of a magnetic field revealed that their potential value in electronic, biomedical, self-cleaning, and biochemical applications.
Towards Production of γ-valerolactone via Hydrogenation of Aqueous Levulinic Acid
Authors: Huang B.T. , Leveneur S. , Zamar T. , Mikkola J.P. , Taouk B. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Synthesis of GVL (γ-valerolactone) via hydrogenation of aqueous LA (levulinic acid) with H2 over heterogeneous catalyst (Ru/C) was investigated. In the first part, a study of the influence of various operating conditions was conducted including that of temperature (90–180°C), stirring rate (500–1200 rpm), catalyst loading (0.1–2.0 g), hydrogen pressure (0.4–2.8 MPa) and initial LA concentration (0.5–2 M). In the second part, influence of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) on hydrogenation rate and GVL yield were investigated. Hydrogenation of aqueous LA under scCO2 and under N2 atmosphere was carried out in batch reactor at 150°C and was compared with the case when no additional gases were present. The result indicated that the use of scCO2 had no beneficial effect neither in terms of LA conversion nor hydrogenation rate when the amount of hydrogen was relatively low compared to the stoichiometry. This effect was mitigated when more hydrogen was present.
Crony Capitalism in Egypt
Authors: Chekir Hamouda , Diwan Ishac 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe paper studies the nature and extent of Egyptian “crony” capitalism by comparing the corporate performance and the stock market valuation of politically connected and unconnected firms, before and after the 2011 popular uprising that led to the end of President Mubarak rule. First, we identify politically connected firms and compare the corporate behavior of connected and unconnected large firms before 2011 in terms of their levels of debts, market share, and tax payment. Second, we conduct an event study around the events of 2011 and estimate the market valuation of political connections. Third, we attempt to decompose the extra value that the market attributes to political connections between a current profitability advantage, and future advantages that include higher growth opportunities and (implicit) bail-out guarantees.
An inverse source problem for a damped wave equation with memory
Authors: Šeliga Lukáš , Slodička Marián 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Inverse problem of identifying the unknown spacewise dependent source f(x) in a nonlinear damped wave equation with a memory term is investigated. The missing coefficient f(x) is reconstructed from the final time observation
u(x,T) = ψ
T
(x). Uniqueness of a solution to the inverse source problem is proved. We also propose a Landweber-type algorithm for reconstruction. Convergence of approximations towards the exact solution is established for a linear equation.
Discovering prominence and its role in language processing: An individual (differences) approach
Authors: Alday Phillip M. , Schlesewsky Matthias , Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
It has been suggested that, during real time language comprehension, the human language processing system attempts to identify the argument primarily responsible for the state of affairs (the “actor”) as quickly and unambiguously as possible. However, previous work on a prominence (e.g. animacy, definiteness, case marking) based heuristic for actor identification has suffered from underspecification of the relationship between different cue hierarchies. Qualitative work has yielded a partial ordering of many features (e.g. MacWhinney et al. 1984), but a precise quantification has remained elusive due to difficulties in exploring the full feature space in a particular language. Feature pairs tend to correlate strongly in individual languages for semantic-pragmatic reasons (e.g., animate arguments tend to be actors and actors tend to be morphosyntactically privileged), and it is thus difficult to create acceptable stimuli for a fully factorial design even for binary features. Moreover, the exponential function grows extremely rapidly and a fully crossed factorial design covering the entire feature space would be prohibitively long for a purely within-subjects design. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of parameter estimation in a short experiment. We are able to estimate parameters at a single subject level for the parameters animacy, case and number. This opens the door for research into individual differences and population variation. Moreover, the framework we introduce here can be used in the field to measure more “exotic” languages and populations, even with small sample sizes. Finally, pooled single-subject results are used to reduce the number of free parameters in previous work based on the extended Argument Dependency Model (Bornkessel-Schlesewsky and Schlesewsky 2006, 2009, 2013, in press; Alday et al. 2014).

Multimedia: OpenSesame experiment and Python support scripts, sample stimuli, R scripts for analysis
Hidden complexity – The neglected side of complexity and its implications
Authors: Bisang Walter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLinguistic complexity is the result of the two motivations of explicitness and economy. Most approaches focus on the explicitness-side of complexity (overt complexity) but there is also an economy-oriented side to it (hidden complexity). The aim of the paper is to introduce hidden complexity and to show how it opens new perspectives on central issues of linguistics. It will discuss the following questions: (i) the implementability of hidden complexity for psycholinguistic experiments, (ii) the evolution of linguistic complexity, (iii) its realisation in creole languages and (iv) its consequences for theories on the architecture of grammar. With this aim, the paper is a programmatic paper with the intention of pointing out ideas for future research.
The analysis of the suction/injection on the MHD Maxwell fluid past a stretching plate in the presence of nanoparticles by Lie group method
Authors: Cao Limei , Si Xinhui , Zheng Liancun , Pang Huihui 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD) Maxwell fluid past a stretching plate with suction/
injection in the presence of nanoparticles is investigated.
The Lie symmetry group transformations are used
to convert the boundary layer equations into non-linear
ordinary differential equations. The dimensionless governing
equations are solved numerically using Bvp4c with
MATLAB, which is a collocation method equivalent to
the fourth order mono-implicit Runge-Kutta method. The
effects of some physical parameters, such as the elastic
parameter K, the Hartmann number M, the Prandtl
number Pr, the Brownian motion Nb, the thermophoresis
parameter Nt and the Lewis number Le, on the velocity,
temperature and nanoparticle fraction are studied numerically
especially when suction and injection at the sheet
are considered.
Demonstration of trivalent actinide partitioning from simulated high-level liquid waste using modifier-free unsymmetrical diglycolamide in n-dodecane
Authors: Nayak P. K. , Kumaresan R. , Chaurasia Shivkumar , Venkatesan K. A. , Subramanian G. G. S. , Rajeswari S. , Antony M. P. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. , Bhanage B. M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Partitioning of trivalent americium from fast-reactor (FR) simulated
high-level liquid waste (SHLLW) has been demonstrated, for the first
time, using a modifier-free organic phase containing an unsymmetrical
diglycolamide,
N,N,-didodecyl-N′,N′-dioctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide
(D3DODGA), in n-dodecane (n-DD). The extraction behavior of
various metal ions present in the FR-SHLLW that contained about
3.2 g/L of trivalent metal ions (Am(III) and
Ln(III)) was studied using a solution of 0.1 M
D3DODGA/n-DD, by batch equilibration mode. The
extraction of Am(III) was accompanied by the co-extraction of
all lanthanides and unwanted metal ions such as Zr(IV),
Y(III), and Pd(II) from FR-SHLLW. The co-extraction of
unwanted metal ions was minimized by adding a suitable aqueous soluble
complexing agents to FR-SHLLW, prior to extraction. As a result,
trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′N′-tetraacetic
acid (CyDTA) was identified as an appropriate reagent for preventing
the extraction of zirconium and palladium, that posed problems during
recovery of trivalent metal ions from the loaded organic phase. The
stripping of behavior of Am(III) and Ln(III) from the
loaded organic phase was studied using dilute nitric acid in batch
equilibration mode. Based on those results, a counter-current
mixer-settler run was performed in a 20-stage mixer-settler. About
99.9% of Am(III), Ln(III) and Y(III)
from FR-SHLLW in 0.1 M D3DODGA/n-DD was
achieved in 20 contacts and the recovery of Am(III) and other
trivalents from the loaded organic phase was achieved in 5 contacts
using 0.01 M nitric acid. The study demonstrated the
possibility of using the modifier-free reagent, D3DODGA, for the
separation of trivalent actinides from FR-SHLLW.
On stationarity of the periodic AGARCH processes
Authors: Lescheb Ines 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper we will consider the periodic AGARCH(p,q) (Periodic Asymmetric
Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic) process, denoted PAGARCH(p,q). These processes are similar to the standard
AGARCH processes but now include seasonally varying
coefficients. We examine the probabilistic structure of a
PAGARCH-type stochastic difference equation with periodically
varying parameters. We propose necessary and sufficient conditions
ensuring the existence of stationary solutions basing on the top
Lyapunov exponent. Furthermore, we examine the necessary and
sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of a unique causal
periodically correlated (PC) solution to our processes.
An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Premixed Laminar Flames of Methyl Pentanoate and Methyl Hexanoate
Authors: Korobeinichev Oleg P. , Gerasimov Ilya E. , Knyazkov Denis A. , Shmakov Andrey G. , Bolshova Tatyana A. , Hansen Nils , Westbrook Charles K. , Dayma Guillaume , Yang Bin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Detailed chemical structures of stoichiometric and rich premixed
laminar flames of methyl pentanoate and methyl hexanoate were
investigated over a flat burner at 20 Torr and for methyl
pentanoate at 1 atm. Molecular beam mass spectrometry was
used with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization
for low pressure flames of both methyl pentanoate and methyl
hexanoate, and soft electron-impact ionization was used for
atmospheric pressure flames of methyl pentanoate. Mole fraction
profiles of stable and intermediate species, as well as temperature
profiles, were measured in the flames. A detailed chemical kinetic
high temperature reaction mechanism for small alkyl ester oxidation
was extended to include combustion of methyl pentanoate and methyl
hexanoate, and the resulting model was used to compare computed values
with experimentally measured values. Reaction pathways for both fuels
were identified, with good agreement between measured and computed
species profiles. Implications of these results for future studies of
larger alkyl ester fuels are discussed.
Supramolecular Assembly of Functional Hybrid Fibrils with Peptide-π-System-Peptide Monomers Near Silver-Nanoparticles
Authors: Elsner Christian , Hintzen Daniel , Prager Andrea , Siefermann Katrin R. , Abel Bernd 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Oligopeptides containing internal π-system units are shown to
self-assemble in water near nanoparticles into fibrillar
nanostructures. We have investigated the biopolymer hybrid monomer of
the overall structure `peptide-π-system-peptide' with the
sequence VDFAG – perylene diimide (PDI) – GAFDV in the presence of
Ag-nanoparticles. Unique to these self-assembling monomers is
the fact that the π-conjugated unit has been directly embedded
within the peptide backbone by way of a special synthetic
coupling. The symmetric peptide-based molecular design enforces
intimate π-π communication within the aggregates after
self-assembly, making these nano structures attractive for optical or
electronic applications. The assembly process can in principle be
followed by the change in optical spectra of the monomer and ordered
monomer π-systems. Here we show that the Ag-nanoparticles
act as seeds for the fibrillation, which
makes the fibrils grow in a defined fashion and the supramolecular
assembly can be followed via the optical spectrum of the plasmon
resonances of the silver nanoparticles, which depend sensitively upon
the local environment, making the optical plasmon resonance spectra
a nice probe for the assembly process, as well as the interaction of
monomers and fibrillar structures in contact with the
nanoparticles. While it has been known that these systems may
aggregate under certain conditions towards nano fibrils the new aspect
here is the controlled and accelerated fibrillation near silver
nanoparticles, which results in fibrils of 15–150 nm in
diameter and up to 10 μm long, partially
incorporating the seed nanoparticles. This approach provides a novel avenue to synthesize bioorganic-hybrid systems
(in high yields) in contact with Ag metal nanoparticles and
possibly enables us to control the location of growth for the materials in
future applications.
THE ROLE OF CYTOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL STUDIES IN SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER
Authors: Bahidze E. V. , Kovchur P. I. , Yastrebova A. V. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This article is devoted to the role of cytological and virological screening in the secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Five hundred and fifty two cases of carcinoma in situ (of cervical cancer) and 1248 cases of invasive cervical cancer over a period of 15 years were analyzed. This period has separated into three stages: I — 1998–2002, II — 2003–2007, III — 2008–2012 years. Cervical cancer morbidity in Karelia is reported to increase tripled from 10.5 to 30.5 causes per 100 thousand women population. The excess incidence has identified among young women in reproductive age including an age group 30 year. It has been noticed that the detection rate of carcinoma in situ was statistically significant increased from 24.34±9.2% in 1998–2002 to 62.8±20.9% in 2008–2012 years. There are three different level regional groups of early cervical cancer detection (0–I–II stage) in the Republic of Karelia. Despite of the fact, that the cervical cancer is increas-ing significantly, there are a good results of its early diagnostics, thanking to the cytological and virological screening in Karelia.
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Shubert Daniel J. , Shubert Sarah B. 
Published: January 2015

Case:
We present a case of a seventy-one-year-old woman with recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder in the setting of an irreparable rotator cuff tear and degenerative joint disease.

Conclusion:
In an elderly patient with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation and an irreparable rotator cuff tear, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a viable surgical intervention. In the case presented here, RTSA resulted in the patient exhibiting increased range of motion, reporting an improved quality of life, and having no additional dislocation events as of the two-year follow-up.
Positional Occlusion of an Interposition Vein Graft for Brachial Artery Reconstruction Following Open Elbow Dislocation in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Zhu Andy F. , Seeley Mark A. , Ozer Kagan 
Published: January 2015

Case:
We present a case of positional occlusion of the brachial artery after open elbow dislocation and vein graft reconstruction in a pediatric patient. Two years after reconstruction, arterial Doppler studies demonstrated occlusion of the artery; however, an angiogram revealed a widely patent artery. Given the clinical findings of pain and cold intolerance, the patient underwent surgical exploration. Arterial occlusion was found to coincide with elbow flexion. The redundant segment of the basilic vein graft was resected and repaired end-to-end.

Conclusions:
Vein graft reconstruction of the brachial artery should be checked for patency in flexion prior to closing the incision. Vein grafts with lengths in excess of a defect may kink in flexion due to redundant graft and the relatively thin walls of veins compared to arteries. This case report emphasizes that an understanding of routine tests is invaluable when eliciting the etiology of contradictory test results.
Probabilistic Assessment of World Recoverable Shale-Gas Resources
Authors: Dong Zhenzhen , Holditch Stephen A. , McVay Duane A. , Ayers Walter B. , John Lee W.. , Morales Enrique 
Published: January 2015

Summary
Many shales previously thought of as only source rocks are now recognized as self-sourcing reservoirs that contain large volumes of natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons that can be produced by use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. However, shale-gas resources and development economics are uncertain, and these uncertainties beg for a probabilistic solution.
Our objective was to probabilistically determine the distribution of technically recoverable resources in highly uncertain and risky shale-gas reservoirs for seven world regions. To assess technically recoverable resources, we used the Unconventional Gas Resource Assessment System, which integrates Monte Carlo simulation with an analytical reservoir simulator, to derive a representative probability distribution of 25-year recovery factors (RFs) from five shale-gas plays in the US: the Barnett, Eagle Ford, Marcellus, Fayetteville, and Haynesville shales. The RFs for the five shale-gas plays follow a general beta-distribution with a mean value of 25%. Finally, we extended the distribution of RFs gained from the five shale-gas plays in the US to estimate technically recoverable shale-gas resources for the seven world regions. World technically recoverable shale-gas resources were estimated to range from 4,400 (P90) to 24,000 (P10) Tcf.1
This work provides important statistics for the five shale-gas plays in the US. Results of this work verify the existence of significant technically recoverable shale-gas resources and can help the industry better target its exploitation efforts in shale-gas plays worldwide.