bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rise of the Far Right in Debtor and Creditor European Countries: The Case of European Parliament Elections
Authors: Halikiopoulou Daphne , Vlandas Tim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWhile the 2014 European Parliament elections were marked by the rise of parties on the far right‐wing, the different patterns of support that we observe across Europe and across time are not directly related to the economic crisis. Indeed, economic hardship seems neither sufficient nor necessary for the rise of such parties to occur. Using the cross‐national results for the 2004, 2009 and 2014 EP elections in order to capture time and country variations, we posit that the economy affects the rise of far right‐wing parties in more complex ways. Specifically, we compare the experience of high‐debt countries (the ‘debtors’) and the others (the ‘creditors’) and explore the relationship between far right‐wing party success on the one hand, and unemployment, inequality, immigration, globalisation and the welfare state on the other. Our discussion suggests there might be a trade‐off between budgetary stability and far right‐wing party support, but the choice between Charybdis and Scylla may be avoided if policy‐makers carefully choose which policies should bear the brunt of the fiscal adjustment.
Interpreting UKIP's ‘Earthquake’ in British Politics: UK Television News Coverage of the 2009 and 2014 EU Election Campaigns
Authors: Cushion Stephen , Thomas Richard , Ellis Oliver 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUK broadcasters came under fire for the amount of airtime UKIP and its leader Nigel Farage received after the party won the most votes in the 2014 EU election. Our content analysis of television news during the 2009 and 2014 campaigns found little bias in terms of soundbites, but in the more recent election Farage visually appeared in coverage to a greater degree than other party leaders. Moreover, two core UKIP policies—being in or out of Europe and immigration—dominated coverage in 2014. We suggest the ‘UKIP factor’ and the media's fascination with Nigel Farage help explain why the 2014 campaign was more visible on television news than was the case in 2009 and was largely reported through a Westminster prism. Although television news bulletins attempt to impartially report elections, the 2014 campaign agenda was largely contested on UKIP's ideological terrain and the party's electoral fortunes.
Temporality and the torments of time
Authors: Hinton Ladson 
Published: May 2015

AbstractImmersion in time gives birth to consciousness, as well as conflict and torment. When human beings developed a sense of future, they also gained the ability to anticipate threats from nature or their fellow beings. They thereby created cultures that are bastions of survival, as well as places of poetry, art and religion where they could band together and reflect upon their common plight.The practice of psychoanalysis is in many ways a temporal process, a process of remembering, for owning and elaborating a past that gives us substance, thereby providing a basis for reflective consciousness. Stimulated by Freud's early writings, Lacan, Laplanche and their successors in particular have focussed extensively on time and psychoanalysis, and their views are a central point of this discussion.A substantial case study is offered that provides concrete examples of these perspectives. A multi‐faceted view of temporality emerges, one that is more syncopated than linear or teleological. In conclusion, I will briefly discuss recent findings in the neuroscience of memory and ‘time travel’ that underpin contemporary psychoanalytic ideas in surprising ways. It is important to remember that acceptance of the contradictory nature of temporal experience can open space for increased freedom and playfulness.
Saying goodbye to the hero: Jung, Liber Novus and conversion from addiction
Authors: Addenbrooke Mary 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo chapters in Liber Novus throw fresh light on Jung's epistemology of addiction. Taking these as a starting point, the nature of the challenges that patients confront in leaving addiction behind are explored. It is suggested that an archetypal process of separation is constellated at the point of quitting as the precursor to a life without the object of the addiction. A short account is given of Jung's part in the inception of Alcoholics Anonymous and the potential role of a ‘conversion experience’ as an initiation into psychological reorientation away from the negative individuation experienced by the hero. The case of a patient addicted to heroin illustrates the contribution of an analytic approach in an NHS setting, along with other workers in a rehabilitation centre. Certain challenges of working with addicted people are outlined, including arousal of the psychotherapist's rescue fantasies.
Thermal inactivation of tickborne encephalitis virus in milk
Authors: Saier Regine , Maier Gabriele , Atamer Zeynep , Hinrichs Joerg 
Published: May 2015

Tickborne encephalitis, a zoonotic virus infection, is transmitted to humans usually by the bite of an infected tick. It may also be acquired by ingesting infected dairy products. In this study, the infectivity of tickborne encephalitis virus, suspended in milk and other media, remained unchanged during a period of five days of storage at 8 °C. After heat treatments in the range of 60 to 80 °C, a decrease of approximately 4 or 4.5 log units in the virus titre was observed. Kinetic parameters for the inactivation were calculated, and the line of equal effects showing a 3‐log inactivation was determined.
Approaches to minimise yoghurt syneresis in simulated tzatziki sauce preparation
Authors: Vareltzis Patroklos , Adamopoulos Konstantinos , Stavrakakis Efstratios , Stefanakis Athanasios , Goula Athanasia M. 
Published: May 2015

The phenomenon of syneresis becomes more profound in increased moisture yoghurt‐based products. Such a product is the traditional Greek appetizer tzatziki that contains cucumber, a vegetable with a high moisture content. During the manufacture of tzatziki, the addition of cucumber causes the protein network to break up, provoking an increase in syneresis. The aim of this study was to investigate a tzatziki manufacturing procedure that will lead to significantly decreased syneresis. Two different manufacturing procedures were compared: the extra moisture coming from cucumber was introduced before or after fermentation. The effect of adding whey protein concentrate (WPC), albumin, sodium caseinate or a mixture of these was also studied. The results show that the addition of extra moisture before yoghurt fermentation leads to a significantly lower syneresis (7.5%) and higher consistency (2000 cp) than those obtained in the case of addition after fermentation (25% and 1500 cp, respectively). The use of albumin, WPC or a mixture of albumin, WPC and sodium caseinate further decreased the phenomenon of syneresis to below 5%, without altering the colour of the product (ΔΕ* < 2.3).
Fitness components of Drosophila melanogaster developed on a standard laboratory diet or a typical natural food source
Authors: Kristensen Torsten Nygaard , Henningsen Astrid Kallestrup , Aastrup Christian , Bech‐Hansen Mads , Bjerre Lise B. Hoberg , Carlsen Benjamin , Hagstrup Marie , Jensen Sofie Graarup , Karlsen Pernille , Kristensen Line , Lundsgaard Cecillie , Møller Tine , Nielsen Lise D. , Starcke Camilla , Sørensen Christine Riisager , Schou Mads Fristrup 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster is often used as a model organism in evolutionary biology and ecophysiology to study evolutionary processes and their physiological mechanisms. Diets used to feed Drosophila cultures differ between laboratories and are often nutritious and distinct from food sources in the natural habitat. Here we rear D. melanogaster on a standard diet used in our laboratory and a field diet composed of decomposing apples collected in the field. Flies developed on these two diet compositions are tested for heat, cold, desiccation, and starvation resistance as well as developmental time, dry body mass and fat percentage. The nutritional compositions of the standard and field diets were analyzed, and discussed in relation to the phenotypic observations. Results showed marked differences in phenotype of flies from the two types of diets. Flies reared on the field diet are more starvation resistant and they are smaller, leaner, and have lower heat resistance compared to flies reared on the standard diet. Sex specific effects of diet type are observed for several of the investigated traits and the strong sexual dimorphism usually observed in desiccation resistance in D. melanogaster disappeared when rearing the flies on the field diet. Based on our results we conclude that care should be taken in extrapolating results from one type of diet to another and especially from laboratory to field diets.
Influence of the propagation strategy for obtaining robust Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that efficiently co‐ferment xylose and glucose in lignocellulosic hydrolysates
Authors: Tomás‐Pejó Elia , Olsson Lisbeth 
Published: May 2015

SummaryDevelopment of xylose‐fermenting yeast strains that are tolerant to the inhibitors present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates is crucial to achieve efficient bioethanol production processes. In this study, the importance of the propagation strategy for obtaining robust cells was studied. Addition of hydrolysate during propagation of the cells adapted them to the inhibitors, resulting in more tolerant cells with shorter lag phases and higher specific growth rates in minimal medium containing acetic acid and vanillin than unadapted cells. Addition of hydrolysate during propagation also resulted in cells with better fermentation capabilities. Cells propagated without hydrolysate were unable to consume xylose in wheat straw hydrolysate fermentations, whereas 40.3% and 97.7% of the xylose was consumed when 12% and 23% (v/v) hydrolysate, respectively, was added during propagation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed changes in gene expression, depending on the concentration of hydrolysate added during propagation. This study highlights the importance of using an appropriate propagation strategy for the optimum performance of yeast in fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
Metaproteomics reveals major microbial players and their biodegradation functions in a large‐scale aerobic composting plant
Authors: Liu Dongming , Li Mingxiao , Xi Beidou , Zhao Yue , Wei Zimin , Song Caihong , Zhu Chaowei 
Published: May 2015

SummaryComposting is an appropriate management alternative for municipal solid waste; however, our knowledge about the microbial regulation of this process is still scare. We employed metaproteomics to elucidate the main biodegradation pathways in municipal solid waste composting system across the main phases in a large‐scale composting plant. The investigation of microbial succession revealed that Bacillales, Actinobacteria and Saccharomyces increased significantly with respect to abundance in composting process. The key microbiologic population for cellulose degradation in different composting stages was different. Fungi were found to be the main producers of cellulase in earlier phase. However, the cellulolytic fungal communities were gradually replaced by a purely bacterial one in active phase, which did not support the concept that the thermophilic fungi are active through the thermophilic phase. The effective decomposition of cellulose required the synergy between bacteria and fungi in the curing phase.
Influence of Antihypertensive Therapy on Cerebral Perfusion in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Relationship with Cognitive Function and 24‐h Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Efimova Nataliya Y. , Chernov Vladimir I. , Efimova Irina Y. , Lishmanov Yuri B. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAimsTo investigate the regional cerebral blood flow, cognitive function, and parameters of 24‐h arterial blood pressure monitoring in patients with metabolic syndrome before and after combination antihypertensive therapy.MethodsThe study involved 54 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) investigated by brain single‐photon emission computed tomography, 24‐h blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and comprehensive neuropsychological testing before and after 24 weeks of combination antihypertensive therapy.ResultsPatients with metabolic syndrome had significantly poorer regional cerebral blood flow compared with control group: by 7% (P = 0.003) in right anterior parietal cortex, by 6% (P = 0.028) in left anterior parietal cortex, by 8% (P = 0.007) in right superior frontal lobe, and by 10% (P = 0.00002) and 7% (P = 0.006) in right and left temporal brain regions, correspondingly. The results of neuropsychological testing showed 11% decrease in mentation (P = 0.002), and 19% (P = 0.011) and 20% (P = 0.009) decrease in immediate verbal and visual memory in patients with MetS as compared with control group. Relationships between the indices of ABPM, cerebral perfusion, and cognitive function were found. Data showed an improvement of regional cerebral blood flow, ABPM parameters, and indicators of cognitive functions after 6 months of antihypertensive therapy in patients with MetS.ConclusionThe study showed the presence of diffuse disturbances in cerebral perfusion is associated with cognitive disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome. Combination antihypertensive treatment exerts beneficial effects on the 24‐h blood pressure profile, increases cerebral blood flow, and improves cognitive function in patients with MetS.
Expatriation: A Last Refuge for the Wealthy?
Authors: Kudrle Robert T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEmigration by the rich may increase substantially as persons seek to avoid home country taxation. Until recently those with high income and wealth could evade taxes through the use of secret foreign investment. Recent policy initiatives from the Obama Administration and the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) with the G20 promise to reduce such evasion. The US stands virtually alone in its insistence on global taxation of its citizens at home and abroad. Other countries tax only residents and often levy only modest penalties for indefinite departure from the home country. Modern technology coupled with increased international cooperation makes citizenship‐based taxation feasible. In a world of sharply varying income – and especially wealth – taxation, states will need to devote increased policy attention to the tax‐motivated international mobility of the rich. The attractions of citizenship‐based taxation will grow. It should not be abandoned by the US, and its efficacy should be studied by other states.
Stateless Persons and the Question of Rights
Authors: Schenner Johanna K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOn 4 November 2014, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) launched the worldwide campaign to put an end to statelessness within the time frame of the next ten years. Therefore, according to the UNHCR reasoning no persons should be affected by statelessness in 2024. The launch of the campaign followed the Global Forum on Statelessness in September 2014 that aimed at highlighting the implications of statelessness of concerned persons and to simultaneously raise awareness (Guardian, ). In an era when nation states have been in existence for over 300 years and citizenship being granted to nationals by states either by Right of the Soil (jus soli) or by Right of the Blood (jus sanguinis), the condition of statelessness comes as a surprise to many persons disposing of citizenship. The legal status of possessing citizenship is generally taken for granted. In my view, the existence of stateless people points to weaknesses in current national legal rights regimes and bears great risks of both affected persons and society.
Sugary drink consumption and dental caries in New South Wales teenagers
Authors: Skinner J , Byun R , Blinkhorn A , Johnson G 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe consumption of water, milk and various sugary drinks and their relationship with the caries experience of a random sample of teenagers aged 14 to 15 years living in New South Wales, Australia was investigated.MethodsData were obtained from both clinical and questionnaire components of the NSW Teen Dental Survey, 2010. The analyses allowed for various demographic and behavioural risk factors using caries experience (DMFT >0) and mean DMFT as the key outcome variables.ResultsMales were more likely than females to consume large volumes of sugary drinks. Consuming two or more glasses of sugary drinks per day led to significantly increased caries experience amongst this sample of 14 and 15 year olds. Factors found to be associated with elevated sugary drink consumption included family income, gender, and mother's education level.ConclusionsThere is a strong correlation between increased caries experience of NSW teenagers and high levels of consumption of sugary drinks.
Potentially preventable hospital separations related to oral health: a 10‐year analysis
Authors: Kruger E , Tennant M 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to assess the rates of hospitalizations for potentially preventable dental conditions over a 10‐year period in Western Australia; to analyse trends over 10 years in rate changes of hopitalizations; and to analyse the mix of preventable dental conditions by age group and Aboriginal status.MethodsThe principal diagnosis, as classified by the International Classification of Disease (ICD‐10AM), was used to select hospitalization data for all patients who were discharged from hospital in Western Australia for the financial years 1999–2000 to 2008–2009, for a potentially preventable oral health condition.ResultsOver a 10‐year period more than 65 000 people were hospitalized. Population rates of hospitalization increased significantly over the period for both Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal population groups. Admission rates were higher for Aboriginal people. Children under 14 were more likely to be admitted; the most common condition that required hospitalization was dental caries, and the highest rates of hospitalization were for those from the most socio‐economically disadvantaged areas.ConclusionsThese hospitalizations remain a considerable and increasing financial burden on health budgets. An increase in efforts is necessary to curb escalating government health expenditure by reducing avoidable and preventable oral health related hospitalizations.
Bacteriology of deep neck infections: analysis of 634 patients
Authors: Celakovsky P , Kalfert D , Smatanova K , Tucek L , Cermakova E , Mejzlik J , Kotulek M , Vrbacky A , Matousek P , Stanikova L , Hoskova T 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to review the bacteriology of deep neck infections (DNI) and identify the factors that influence the incidence of causative bacteria.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 634 patients with DNI was performed. Statistical analysis was used to compare the incidence of common pathogens in various conditions such as age of the patients, aetiology and associated diabetes mellitus.ResultsBacteria were isolated in 514 cultures (81%). Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 246 cultures (39%) and anaerobic bacteria from 61 cultures (10%). Both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 207 cultures (32%). The most common aerobic bacteria were Streptococcus pyogenes (41%) and Staphylococcus aureus (32%). The most common anaerobic bacteria were Peptostreptococcus species (28%), followed by Prevotela species (8%) and Proprionibacterium species (7%). The incidence of anaerobic bacteria was higher in adults, in patients with infections of dental origin and in non‐diabetic patients.ConclusionsThe bacteriology of DNI is polymicrobial, including both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The incidence of anaerobic bacteria is higher in adults, in patients with infections of dental origin and in non‐diabetic patients.
Henry George, Jane Jacobs, and Free Trade
Authors: Boyle David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHenry George and Jane Jacobs were both journalists and made a contribution to economics based on their commitment to the original version of free trade, as understood by 19th‐century liberals, rather than the late 20th‐century version. The distinctive concept of free trade, as originally understood, was as an instrument for small‐scale producers to break up entrenched monopolies and serve the interests of the ordinary citizen. That was how Cobden used it in the debates over the Corn Laws in the 1840s, and how Ruskin, Gesell, Chesterton, and other critics conceived of economic liberation. In debates over free trade in recent decades, that term has come to mean a defense of power and privilege, the exact opposite of the intent of 19th‐century liberals. George and Jacobs sought to restore the original meaning by developing theories of development and distribution that would enable the market system to benefit everyone.
Henry George and Jane Jacobs on the Sources of Economic Growth
Authors: Peirce William S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHenry George and Jane Jacobs shared a remarkably similar vision of the economic functioning of cities and of the sources of the economic growth of cities, despite having differing primary objectives. George wrote Progress and Poverty and subsequent works to persuade the public of the equity and efficiency of public capture of economic rents of land and other natural resources and elimination of taxes on labor and capital. Jacobs acquired fame for The Death and Life of Great American Cities in which she challenged the prevailing orthodoxy of the urban planning profession. Both saw the density and diversity of economic and cultural activities in cities as a facilitator of innovation and entrepreneurship in all aspects of civilization. Both also recognized the power of the price system in coordinating the activities of independent decision makers and the importance of trade for economic growth.
Corneal collagen cross‐linking for infectious keratitis: an update of clinical studies
Authors: Chan Tommy C. Y. , Lau Tiffany W. S. , Lee Jacky W. Y. , Wong Ian Y. H. , Jhanji Vishal , Wong Raymond L. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCollagen cross‐linking (CXL) with ultraviolet light‐activated riboflavin is a corneal surface procedure developed for the treatment of keratoconus and corneal ectasia. With the known microbicidal and corneal stiffening effects of ultraviolet irradiation and photoactivated riboflavin, it has recently been introduced for the management of infectious keratitis, especially for ulcers resistant to antimicrobial therapy or associated with corneal melting. Various authors have attempted to use CXL as an adjunctive, salvage or even as the sole treatment for infectious corneal ulcers. The aim of this review was to provide a summary of the clinical studies in the literature. It is worth noting that there is still no consensus on the treatment protocol of CXL against infectious keratitis. The disparities in outcome measures, treatment protocol and study design can confound the interpretation and hamper the generalization of the study results. Based on current evidence, the role of CXL in infectious keratitis remained unclear despite the reported success in some clinical cases. Further investigations are warranted concerning the efficacy and safety of treating infectious keratitis with CXL.