bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juicy Stories on Female Reproductive Tissue Development: Coordinating the Hormone Flows
Authors: Grieneisen Verônica A. , Marée Athanasius F.M. , Østergaard Lars 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the past 20–30 years, developmental biologists have made tremendous progress in identifying genes required for the specification of individual cell types of an organ and in describing how they interact in genetic networks. In comparison, very little is known about the mechanisms that regulate tissue polarity and overall organ patterning. Gynoecia and fruits from members of the Brassicaceae family of flowering plants provide excellent model systems to study organ patterning and tissue specification because they become partitioned into distinct domains whose formation is determined by polarity establishment both at a cellular and whole tissue level. Interactions among key regulators of Arabidopsis gynoecium and fruit development have revealed a network of upstream transcription factor activities required for such tissue differentiation. Regulation of the plant hormone auxin is emerging as both an immediate downstream output and input of these activities, and here we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the link between auxin and female reproductive development in plants. In this review, we will also demonstrate how available data can be exploited in a mathematical modeling approach to reveal and understand the feedback regulatory circuits that underpin the polarity establishment, necessary to guide auxin flows.imageVerônica A. Grieneisen,Athanasius F.M. Marée,Lars Østergaard(Corresponding authors)
Intraspecific differentiation of Allium wallichii (Amaryllidaceae) inferred from chloroplast DNA and internal transcribed spacer fragments
Authors: HUANG De‐Qing , LI Qin‐Qin , ZHOU Chun‐Jing , ZHOU Song‐Dong , HE Xing‐Jin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the present study, we used two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments (trnL‐F and rps16) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data to examine intraspecific differentiation and phylogeographical history of Allium wallichii. Based on wide scale sampling (28 populations and 174 individuals) across the entire distribution range of this species, 33 cpDNA haplotypes and 25 ITS ribotypes were detected in our investigation. These cpDNA haplotypes were divided into three major lineages, which was further supported by the ITS phylogenetic results. High haplotype/ribotype diversity and population differentiation, together with most of the haplotypes/ribotypes being exclusive to single populations, implied restricted gene flow among populations and significant geographical isolation. Nearly all populations with high haplotype/ribotype diversity were found in the Hengduan Mountain Region (HMR), whereas the populations of the Himalayas and Nanling Mountains showed a lower level, suggesting the HMR might serve as a potential divergence center for A. wallichii. The main lineages of A. wallichii diverged from each other between Mid–Late Pliocene and Early Quaternary based on two sets of molecular markers, indicating that the Quaternary climatic fluctuation could not have contributed greatly to the divergence of the main lineages of A. wallichii. Instead, the intricate topography and heterogeneous habitats resulting from the drastic uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from the Late Pliocene could be responsible for the intraspecific differentiation of A. wallichii. The present study further highlights the importance of geographic isolation and habitat heterogeneity in shaping and maintaining high species diversity within the HMR.
Radiofrequency Ablation at Low Irrigation Flow Rates Using a Novel 12‐Hole Gold Open‐Irrigation Catheter
Authors: AKCA FERDI , ZIMA ENDRE , VÉGH ESZTER M. , SZÉPLAKI GÁBOR , SKOPÁL JUDIT , HUBAY MARTHA , LENDVAI ZSUZSANNA , MERKELY BELA , SZILI‐TOROK TAMAS 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundHigh irrigation rates during radiofrequency (RF) ablation may cause fluid overload and limit lesion size. This in vivo animal study assessed the safety and efficacy of RF ablation at low irrigation rates using a novel 12‐hole gold catheter.MethodsA total of 103 lesions, created on the thigh of five mongrel dogs, were analyzed. Lesions were created using a 12‐hole irrigated gold‐tip (Au) and a six‐hole irrigated platinum–iridium (PtIr) catheter (both 7F/3.5‐mm electrode; BIOTRONIK SE & CO, KG, Berlin, Germany) in parallel and perpendicular orientation. RF current was delivered for 60 seconds at 30 W using 8 mL/min and 15 mL/min irrigation. Electrode temperature, steam pops, lesion dimensions, and coagulum formation were recorded.ResultsElectrode temperatures were lower for Au compared to PtIr in parallel (8 mL/min: 38.1 ± 1.7°C vs 48.0 ± 4.8°C, P < 0.0001; 15 mL/min: 36.0 ± 1.5°C vs 46.9 ± 5.4°C, P < 0.0001) and perpendicular position (15 mL/min: 35.5 ± 1.2°C vs 38.4 ± 2.5°C, P = 0.003). The number of steam pops between Au and PtIr was comparable for parallel (8 mL/min: 14% vs 27%, P = 0.65; 15 mL/min: 14% vs 43%, P = 0.21) and perpendicular orientation (8 mL/min: 25% vs 17%, P = 1.00; 15 mL/min: 18% vs 0%, P = 0.48). Au created larger volumes than PtIr at 8 mL/min irrigation (861 ± 251 mm3 vs 504 ± 212 mm3, P = 0.004); however, for 15 mL/min, volumes were comparable (624 ± 269 mm3 vs 768 ± 466 mm3, P = 0.46). No coagulum formation was observed for any of the catheters on the surface and catheter tip.ConclusionRF ablation at low flow rate using a novel 12‐hole irrigation Au catheter is safe and results in larger lesions than with a PtIr electrode.
Smart Meters and Routers Radiofrequency Disturbances Study with Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators
Authors: OSTIGUY GENEVIÈVE , BLACK TOM , BLUTEAU LOUIS‐JEAN , DUPONT LOUIS , DYRDA KATIA , GIRARD GUILLAUME , NGUYEN DUC‐HAI , PLANTE MICHEL , THIBAULT BERNARD 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThere is no scientific literature that examines radiofrequency (RF) interference from Smart Meters with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The objective of this in vitro study was to assess any potential interference with Medtronic CIEDs (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA).MethodsIn the Quebec testing, five models of Medtronic CIEDs were placed in an acrylic cylinder filled with a saline solution and faced a Landis+Gyr Smart Meter or Router (Landis+Gyr AG, Zug, Switzerland). The distance between CIEDs and the meter casing or router antenna was 10 cm. The Meter's normal operating conditions were modified to artificially set the number of impulsions at an abnormally high level (one, two, and three impulses per second). Each scenario was repeated one to five times, for 1 minute each. In the U.S. testing, 6 cm and 15 cm (∼2.25′ and ∼6′) separated the six models of Medtronic CIEDs from the Schlumberger Smart Meter (Itron Inc., Liberty Lake, WA, USA), which generally sent out a 96‐bit Standard Consumption Message over 3 seconds. The transmission varied in frequencies along with the interval between cycles.ResultsA total of 6,966 RF transmissions were completed during the 34 tests conducted in Quebec. In the United States, the CIED was exposed to the meter for 10 minutes to provide a minimum of 200 completed RF transmissions. No interference was observed in worst‐case scenarios (testing of meters and CIEDs at their performance limits).ConclusionsLandis+Gyr Smart Meters/Routers and Schlumberger Smart Meters do not interfere with the functioning of the Medtronic CIEDs tested, when placed, respectively, 10 cm and 6 cm and 15 cm apart.
Till death do us part: Terror management and forgiveness in close relationships
Authors: VAN TONGEREN DARYL R. , GREEN JEFFREY D. , DAVIS DON E. , WORTHINGTON EVERETT L. , REID CHELSEA A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo experiments extended terror management theory to investigate forgiveness in close relationships. We hypothesized that mortality salience would elicit less forgiveness in less committed relationships. In Experiment 1, participants were primed with either mortality salience or a physical pain control condition, recalled a recent hurtful interpersonal offense, and reported their degree of forgiveness. Mortality salience evoked less forgiveness in less committed relationships. In Experiment 2, participants were assigned to recall an offense that occurred in a low‐commitment or high‐commitment relationship. Again, mortality salience elicited less forgiveness in less committed relationships; it elicited more forgiveness in more committed relationships. Moreover, this interaction was mediated by empathy. Existential considerations may play an important role in the functioning of close relationships.
Mud dispersal across a Cretaceous prodelta: Storm‐generated, wave‐enhanced sediment gravity flows inferred from mudstone microtexture and microfacies
Authors: Guy Plint A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDetermining sediment transport direction in ancient mudrocks is difficult. In order to determine both process and direction of mud transport, a portion of a well‐mapped Cretaceous delta system was studied. Oriented samples from outcrop represent prodelta environments from ca 10 to 120 km offshore. Oriented thin sections of mudstone, cut in three planes, allowed bed microstructure and palaeoflow directions to be determined. Clay mineral platelets are packaged in equant, face‐face aggregates 2 to 5 μm in diameter that have a random orientation; these aggregates may have formed through flocculation in fluid mud. Cohesive mud was eroded by storms to make intraclastic aggregates 5 to 20 μm in diameter. Mudstone beds are millimetre‐scale, and four microfacies are recognized: Well‐sorted siltstone forms millimetre‐scale combined‐flow ripples overlying scoured surfaces; deposition was from turbulent combined flow. Silt‐streaked claystone comprises parallel, sub‐millimetre laminae of siliceous silt and clay aggregates sorted by shear in the boundary layer beneath a wave‐supported gravity flow of fluid mud. Silty claystone comprises fine siliceous silt grains floating in a matrix of clay and was deposited by vertical settling as fluid mud gelled under minimal current shear. Homogeneous clay‐rich mudstone has little silt and may represent late‐stage settling of fluid mud, or settling from wave‐dissipated fluid mud. It is difficult or impossible to correlate millimetre‐scale beds between thin sections from the same sample, spaced only ca 20 mm apart, due to lateral facies change and localized scour and fill. Combined‐flow ripples in siltstone show strong preferred migration directly down the regional prodelta slope, estimated at ca 1 : 1000. Ripple migration was effected by drag exerted by an overlying layer of downslope‐flowing, wave‐supported fluid mud. In the upper part of the studied section, centimetre‐scale interbeds of very fine to fine‐grained sandstone show wave ripple crests trending shore normal, whereas combined‐flow ripples migrated obliquely alongshore and offshore. Storm winds blowing from the north‐east drove shore‐oblique geostrophic sand transport whereas simultaneously, wave‐supported flows of fluid mud travelled downslope under the influence of gravity. Effective wave base for sand, estimated at ca 40 m, intersected the prodelta surface ca 80 km offshore whereas wave base for mud was at ca 70 m and lay ca 120 km offshore. Small‐scale bioturbation of mud beds co‐occurs with interbedded sandstone but stratigraphically lower, sand‐free mudstone has few or no signs of benthic fauna. It is likely that a combination of soupground substrate, frequent storm emplacement of fluid mud, low nutrient availability and possibly reduced bottom‐water oxygen content collectively inhibited benthic fauna in the distal prodelta.
Cryptosporidium hominis Subtypes and Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in HIV‐Infected Persons in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ayinmode A. B. , Zhang H. , Dada‐Adegbola H. O. , Xiao L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryCryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon are common opportunistic pathogens in HIV+ patients in developing countries, especially those do not have access to antiretroviral therapy. To determine the distribution of genotypes/subtypes of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi, faecal specimens were collected from 132 HIV+ persons attending a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. By polymerase chain reaction, eight and ten patients were identified as positive for Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi, respectively. Seven of the Cryptosporidium specimens were identified as C. hominis, while the remaining one as the new species C. viatorum recently identified in the United Kingdom. DNA sequencing of the 60‐kDa glycoprotein gene showed that the C. hominis belonged to three common subtype families: Ia (in three patients), Ib (in one patient) and Ie (in one patient). In contrast, DNA sequencing of the E. bieneusi internal transcribed spacer products showed the occurrence of genotypes associated with both humans (Peru 8 in one patient, Nig2 in two patients and a new genotype in one patient) and animals (D in one patient and Type IV in five patients). Low CD4+ cell count was identified as a risk factor for both cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis.
The role of cGMP in the physiological and molecular responses of the right ventricle to pressure overload
Authors: Janssen Wiebke , Schermuly Ralph Theo , Kojonazarov Baktybek 
Published: July 2013

New findings
What is the topic of this review?The topic of the review is the physiological and molecular responses of the right ventricle to pressure overload and the role of the cGMP–phosphodiesterase 5 signalling pathway on right ventricular hypertrophy and function.
What advances does it highlight?Right ventricular dysfunction is a major determinant of prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. In this review, we discuss the molecular physiological/ pathophysiological response of the right ventricle to high‐pressure overload, with special emphasis on cGMP–phosphodiesterase 5 signalling.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that is associated with a poor prognosis and results in right heart dysfunction. While pulmonary vascular disease is the obvious primary pathological focus, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are major determinants of prognosis in PAH. Our knowledge about the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of RV hypertrophy and failure in response to pressure overload is still limited, and most data are derived from left heart research. However, the molecular mechanisms of left ventricular remodelling cannot be generalized to the RV, because the right and left ventricles differ greatly in their size, shape, architecture and function. Despite the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of PAH, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the transition from compensatory to maladaptive RV remodelling. The cGMP–phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) pathway is one of the extensively studied pathways in PAH, but our knowledge about cGMP–PDE5 signalling in RV pathophysiology is still limited. For this purpose, there is need for animal models that can represent changes in the RV that closely mimic the human situation. The availability of an animal model of pressure‐overload‐induced RVH (e.g. pulmonary artery banding model) provides us with a valuable tool to understand the differences between adaptive and maladaptive RVH and to explore the direct effects of current PAH therapy on the heart. In this report, we discuss myocardial regulatory effects of cGMP–PDE5 signalling in preclinical models of RV pressure overload for understanding the physiological/pathophysiological mechanisms involved in maladaptive RVH.
Effectiveness Analysis of Non-Mechanical Micro-Valvular Conduit in Single Phase Flow
Authors: Lee Bong Joo , Culham J. R. 
Published: July 2013

The non-mechanical valvular conduit, which uses no moving parts but instead relies on a complex geometry to regulate flow, is studied through a combination of numerical, computational and experimental methods. This study is based on using water as the fluid at standard state properties. A numerical model is developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the non-mechanical valve’s intricate geometry. Then computational simulations of the oscillating/pumping sequence of the valvular conduit are conducted to examine the effectiveness of the valve when placed in use for a diaphragm pump.
Results demonstrate that the non-mechanical valvular conduit can be an effective application for a diaphragm pump at the micro or macro-scale without requiring valvular mechanics. In computational simulations, when non-mechanical valves are positioned at both the inlet and exit of a diaphragm, the positive circulation of fluid is enhanced by 38% which is sufficient to meet the thermal dissipation requirements of an Intel Pentium D processor (i.e. 130 W). In addition, the experimental results in steady state condition demonstrated that the valvular design regulates the flow direction by producing diodicity (a measure of favorable flow direction) of 2.44.
Characterization of the Burkholderia thailandensis SOS Response by Using Whole-Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing
Authors: Ulrich Ricky L. , DeShazer David , Kenny Tara A. , Ulrich Melanie P. , Moravusova Anna , Opperman Timothy , Bavari Sina , Bowlin Terry L. , Moir Donald T. , Panchal Rekha G. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

The bacterial SOS response is a well-characterized regulatory network encoded by most prokaryotic bacterial species and is involved in DNA repair. In addition to nucleic acid repair, the SOS response is involved in pathogenicity, stress-induced mutagenesis, and the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Using high-throughput sequencing technology (SOLiD RNA-Seq), we analyzed the
Burkholderia thailandensis
global SOS response to the fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin (CIP), and the DNA-damaging chemical, mitomycin C (MMC). We demonstrate that a
B. thailandensis recA
mutant (RU0643) is ∼4-fold more sensitive to CIP in contrast to the parental strain
B. thailandensis
DW503. Our RNA-Seq results show that CIP and MMC treatment (
P
< 0.01) resulted in the differential expression of 344 genes in
B. thailandensis
and 210 genes in RU0643. Several genes associated with the SOS response were induced and include
lexA
,
uvrA
,
dnaE
,
dinB
,
recX
, and
recA
. At the genome-wide level, we found an overall decrease in gene expression, especially for genes involved in amino acid and carbohydrate transport and metabolism, following both CIP and MMC exposure. Interestingly, we observed the upregulation of several genes involved in bacterial motility and enhanced transcription of a
B. thailandensis
genomic island encoding a
Siphoviridae
bacteriophage designated ϕE264. Using
B. thailandensis
plaque assays and PCR with
B. mallei
ATCC 23344 as the host, we demonstrate that CIP and MMC exposure in
B. thailandensis
DW503 induces the transcription and translation of viable bacteriophage in a RecA-dependent manner. This is the first report of the SOS response in
Burkholderia
spp. to DNA-damaging agents. We have identified both common and unique adaptive responses of
B. thailandensis
to chemical stress and DNA damage.
Development of a Gene Knockout System Using Mobile Group II Introns (Targetron) and Genetic Disruption of Acid Production Pathways in Clostridium beijerinckii
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Xiangzhen , Milne Caroline B. , Janssen Holger , Lin Weiyin , Phan Gloria , Hu Huiying , Jin Yong-Su , Price Nathan D. , Blaschek Hans P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Clostridium beijerinckii
is a well-known solvent-producing microorganism with great potential for biofuel and biochemical production. To better understand and improve the biochemical pathway to solvents, the development of genetic tools for engineering
C. beijerinckii
is highly desired. Based on mobile group II intron technology, a targetron gene knockout system was developed for
C. beijerinckii
in this study. This system was successfully employed to disrupt acid production pathways in
C. beijerinckii
, leading to
pta
(encoding phosphotransacetylase)- and
buk
(encoding butyrate kinase)-negative mutants. In addition to experimental characterization, the mutant phenotypes were analyzed in the context of our
C. beijerinckii
genome-scale model. Compared to those of the parental strain (
C. beijerinckii
8052), acetate production in the
pta
mutant was substantially reduced and butyrate production was remarkably increased, while solvent production was dependent on the growth medium. The
pta
mutant also produced much higher levels of lactate, suggesting that disrupting
pta
influenced the energy generation and electron flow pathways. In contrast, acetate and butyrate production in the
buk
mutant was generally similar to that of the wild type, but solvent production was consistently 20 to 30% higher and glucose consumption was more rapid and complete. Our results suggest that the acid and solvent production of
C. beijerinckii
can be effectively altered by disrupting the acid production pathways. As the gene disruption method developed in this study does not leave any antibiotic marker in a disrupted allele, multiple and high-throughput gene disruption is feasible for elucidating genotype and phenotype relationships in
C. beijerinckii
.
Distribution of Virulence Genes in Clinical and Environmental Vibrio cholerae Strains in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Nur A. , Ceccarelli Daniela , Grim Christopher J. , Taviani Elisa , Choi Jinna , Sadique Abdus , Alam Munirul , Siddique Abul K. , Sack R. Bradley , Huq Anwar , Colwell Rita R. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
, an environmental organism, is a facultative human pathogen. Here, we report the virulence profiles, comprising 18 genetic markers, of 102 clinical and 692 environmental
V. cholerae
strains isolated in Bangladesh between March 2004 and January 2006, showing the variability of virulence determinants within the context of public health.
Transcriptome-Based Characterization of Interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in Lactose-Grown Chemostat Cocultures
Authors: Mendes Filipa , Sieuwerts Sander , de Hulster Erik , Almering Marinka J. H. , Luttik Marijke A. H. , Pronk Jack T. , Smid Eddy J. , Bron Peter A. , Daran-Lapujade Pascale 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Mixed populations of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
yeasts and lactic acid bacteria occur in many dairy, food, and beverage fermentations, but knowledge about their interactions is incomplete. In the present study, interactions between
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
, two microorganisms that co-occur in kefir fermentations, were studied during anaerobic growth on lactose. By combining physiological and transcriptome analysis of the two strains in the cocultures, five mechanisms of interaction were identified. (i)
Lb. delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
hydrolyzes lactose, which cannot be metabolized by
S. cerevisiae
, to galactose and glucose. Subsequently, galactose, which cannot be metabolized by
Lb. delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
, is excreted and provides a carbon source for yeast. (ii) In pure cultures,
Lb. delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
grows only in the presence of increased CO
2
concentrations. In anaerobic mixed cultures, the yeast provides this CO
2
via alcoholic fermentation. (iii) Analysis of amino acid consumption from the defined medium indicated that
S. cerevisiae
supplied alanine to the bacterium. (iv) A mild but significant low-iron response in the yeast transcriptome, identified by DNA microarray analysis, was consistent with the chelation of iron by the lactate produced by
Lb. delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
. (v) Transcriptome analysis of
Lb. delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
in mixed cultures showed an overrepresentation of transcripts involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting either a competition of the two microorganisms for fatty acids or a response to the ethanol produced by
S. cerevisiae
. This study demonstrates that chemostat-based transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool to investigate microbial interactions in mixed populations.