bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Assessment of Civil Infrastructure Resilience to Earthquakes
Authors: Franchin Paolo , Cavalieri Francesco 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe large losses occurred in the past due to earthquakes, even in highly developed countries, as well as the ensuing prolonged inactivity of the stricken societies, imparted momentum to research into regional seismic impact and community resilience to earthquakes. Need for comprehensive and consistent modeling is apparent, and this work presents a contribution in this direction. The extension of a recently developed civil infrastructure simulation framework to the evaluation of resilience, as well as the introduction of a new infrastructure network‐based resilience metric represent the novelties of the article and allow one to explore the effect that sources of uncertainty and key vulnerability factors have on the probability distribution of resilience.
A 2‐year mean follow‐up of oral appliance therapy for severe obstructive sleep apnea: a cohort study
Authors: Haviv Y , Bachar G , Aframian DJ , Almoznino G , Michaeli E , Benoliel R 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveOral appliances for treating severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are recommended for patients who failed to comply with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate medium long‐term outcome and success rates of oral appliances in patients with severe OSA.MethodsIn a retrospective study, 52 OSA patients with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥40, who did not tolerate CPAP treatment, were enrolled and fitted with a modified Herbst oral appliance. A 2‐year mean follow‐up including a second somnography was conducted in 36 of the patients.ResultsA significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in the AHI was demonstrated between the initial somnography (55.25 ± 10.79,) and the followed one (17.74 ± 11.0, n = 36). Overall, 57.7% of total study subjects (n = 52) and 63.9% (n = 36) that had sequential sonmogarphy continued using the device. The reduction in AHI in the user group was 42.4 ± 3.1 (n = 23), which was significantly higher (P = 0.013) than in the non‐user group (28.9 ± 17.2; n = 13). Moreover, 53% (n = 19) reached AHI of <15.ConclusionsOral appliances were found to be successful for treating for severe OSA after first‐line treatment had failed.
Cost‐effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid with depression: Analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Watanabe Norio , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Shimodera Shinji , Katsuki Fujika , Fujita Hirokazu , Sasaki Megumi , Sado Mitsuhiro , Perlis Michael L. 
Published: September 2014

AimAlthough the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia has been confirmed, dissemination depends on the balance of benefits and costs. This study aimed to examine the cost‐effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia consisting of four weekly individual sessions.MethodsWe conducted a 4‐week randomized controlled trial with a 4‐week follow up in outpatient clinics in Japan. Thirty‐seven patients diagnosed as having major depressive disorder according to DSM‐IV and suffering from chronic insomnia were randomized to receive either treatment as usual (TAU) alone or TAU plus cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Effectiveness was evaluated as quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) over 8 weeks' time, estimated by bootstrapping of the observed total scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Direct medical costs for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and TAU were also evaluated. We calculated the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.ResultsOver the 8 weeks of the study, the group receiving cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia plus TAU had significantly higher QALY (P = 0.002) than the TAU‐alone group with an incremental value of 0.019 (SD 0.006), and had non‐significantly higher costs with an incremental value of 254 (SD 203) USD in direct costs. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was 13 678 USD (95% confidence interval: −5691 to 71 316). Adding cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia demonstrated an approximately 95% chance of gaining one more QALY if a decision‐maker was willing to pay 60 000 USD, and approximately 90% for 40 000 USD.ConclusionAdding cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is highly likely to be cost‐effective for patients with residual insomnia and concomitant depression.
UVA Irradiation Induced Heme Oxygenase‐1: A Novel Phototherapy for Morphea
Authors: Nisar Muhammad Farrukh , Parsons Kimberly Suzanne George , Bian Chun Xiang , Zhong Julia Li 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLong wave UVA radiation (340–400 nm) causes detrimental as well as beneficial effects on human skin. Studies of human skin fibroblasts irradiated with UVA demonstrate increased expression of both antifibrotic heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1). The use of UVA‐induced MMP‐1 is well‐studied in treating skin fibrotic conditions such as localized scleroderma, now called morphea. However, the role that UVA‐induced HO‐1 plays in phototherapy of morphea has not been characterized. In the present manuscript, we have illustrated and reviewed the biological function of HO‐1 and the use of UVA1 wavebands (340–400 nm) for phototherapy; the potential use of HO‐1 induction in UVA therapy of morphea is also discussed.
Discrete automorphism groups of convex cones of finite type
Authors: Looijenga Eduard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe investigate subgroups of $\text{SL}(n,\mathbb{Z})$ which preserve an open nondegenerate convex cone in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and admit in that cone as fundamental domain a polyhedral cone of which some faces are allowed to lie on the boundary. Examples are arithmetic groups acting on self-dual cones, Weyl groups of certain Kac–Moody algebras, and they do occur in algebraic geometry as the automorphism groups of projective manifolds acting on their ample cones.
The Hardy–Littlewood conjecture and rational points
Authors: Harpaz Yonatan , Skorobogatov Alexei N. , Wittenberg Olivier 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSchinzel’s Hypothesis (H) was used by Colliot-Thélène and Sansuc, and later by Serre, Swinnerton-Dyer and others, to prove that the Brauer–Manin obstruction controls the Hasse principle and weak approximation on pencils of conics and similar varieties. We show that when the ground field is $\mathbb{Q}$ and the degenerate geometric fibres of the pencil are all defined over $\mathbb{Q}$, one can use this method to obtain unconditional results by replacing Hypothesis (H) with the finite complexity case of the generalised Hardy–Littlewood conjecture recently established by Green, Tao and Ziegler.
The physiology of altered eating behaviour after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Authors: le Roux Carel W. , Bueter Marco 
Published: September 2014

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This review describes the altered eating behaviour after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and discusses results of experiments designed to translate findings from animals into humans by performing similar types of direct behaviour‐testing experiments.
What advances does it highlight?
Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass patients often report a decrease in preference for calorically dense food items, such as desserts, while reporting an increased preference for fruits and vegetables. After RYGB surgery, rats show a reduced preference for higher concentrations of sucrose (sweet) or fat (Intralipid®). Conditioned taste aversion may contribute to the reduction in fat preference after RYGB. After Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, patients are less willing to work for a chocolate reward than before the operation in a so‐called progressive ratio test.
Obesity and its related comorbidities can be detrimental for the affected individual, as well as constituting a major challenge to public health systems worldwide. Currently, the most effective treatment option leading to clinically significant and maintained body weight loss and reduction in obesity‐related morbidity and mortality is obesity surgery, which is recommended for patients with a body mass index of >40 kg m–2, or >35 kg m–2 if obesity‐associated comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, are present. This report focuses on the altered eating behaviour after the most common of these operations, the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass. Animal and human experiments designed to understand the underlying physiological mechanisms of altered taste and appetite are discussed.
Large-Scale Biochemical Profiling of the Candida albicans Biofilm Matrix: New Compositional, Structural, and Functional Insights
Authors: Lopez-Ribot Jose L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Among pathogenic fungi,
Candida albicans
is most frequently associated with biofilm formation, a lifestyle that is entirely different from the planktonic state. One of the distinguishing features of these biofilms is the presence of extracellular material, commonly referred to as the “biofilm matrix.” The fungal biofilm matrix embeds sessile cells within these communities and plays important structural and physiological functions, including antifungal drug resistance with important clinical repercussions. This matrix is mostly self-produced by the fungal cells themselves and is composed of different types of biopolymers. In
C. albicans
, the main components of the biofilm matrix are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and DNA, but many of them remain unidentified and/or poorly characterized. In their recent article, Zarnowski et al. [mBio 5(4):e01333-14, 2014, doi:10.1128/mBio.01333-14] used a variety of biochemical and state-of-the-art “omic” approaches (glycomics, proteomics, and lipidomics) to identify and characterize unique biopolymers present in the
C. albicans
biofilm matrix. Besides generating a true “encyclopedic” catalog of individual moieties from each of the different macromolecular categories, results also provide important insights into structural and functional aspects of the fungal biofilm matrix, particularly the interaction between different components and the contribution of multiple matrix constituents to biofilm antifungal drug resistance.
Time spent in different types of childcare and children's development at school entry: an Australian longitudinal study
Authors: Gialamas Angela , Mittinty Murthy N , Sawyer Michael G , Zubrick Stephen R , Lynch John 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the total amount of time in childcare through the first 3 years of life was associated with children's receptive vocabulary, externalising and internalising problem behaviours at age 4–5 years, and whether this association varied for different types of childcare.MethodsWe used data from the prospective, population-based Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n=3208–4066, depending on outcome). Parental reports of the time spent in different types of childcare were collected at face-to-face interviews at age 0–1years and at age 2–3 years. Children's receptive vocabulary was directly assessed in the child's home, and externalising and internalising behaviours were measured by questionnaire, completed by parents and teachers at age 4–5 years.ResultsAt 3 years of age, 75% of the sample spent regular time in the care of someone other than the parent. After adjustment, more time in childcare was not associated with children's receptive vocabulary ability but was associated with higher levels of parent-reported (β=0.10 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.21)) and teacher-reported (β=0.31 (0.19 to 0.44)) externalising problem behaviours and lower levels of parent-reported internalising problem behaviours (β=−0.08 (−0.15 to −0.00)). Compared with children who did not attend any type of childcare, children in centre-based care had higher parent-reported and teacher-reported externalising and lower internalising problem behaviours.ConclusionsMore time in centre-based childcare (but not other types of care) through the first 3 years of life was associated with higher parent-reported and teacher-reported externalising problem behaviours, and lower parent-reported internalising problem behaviours but not with children's receptive vocabulary ability at school entry.
The extent and cost of potentially avoidable admissions in hospital inpatients with palliative care needs: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Robinson Jackie , Boyd Michal , O'Callaghan Anne , Laking George , Frey Rosemary , Raphael Deborah , Snow Barry , Gott Merryn 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveMore than 90% of people spend time in hospital in the last year of life and, in many developed countries, hospitals are the setting in which most people will die. Previous research indicates that a proportion of these hospital admissions could have been avoided. The objective of this study was to establish the extent and cost of potentially avoidable hospital admissions among patients with palliative care needs.MethodsA prospective survey of hospital inpatients was undertaken to identify patients who met clinical criteria indicating palliative care need. Case notes were reviewed by two expert palliative care clinicians to determine if the hospital admission was potentially avoidable. An analysis of the cost of potentially avoidable admissions compared to all other admissions for those patients identified as being in the last year of life was carried out using the statistical analysis software R V.2.15.1. Logistic regression was performed using the logit (log of OR) link. The binary outcome of the logistic regression model was a potentially avoidable admission.ResultsOf the 99 patients who met the criteria for palliative care need, 22 were deemed to have experienced a potentially avoidable admission. Those living in a residential aged care facility were more at risk of experiencing such admissions. The mean total cost of hospital care for those with palliative care needs was lower for those whose admission was deemed potentially avoidable.ConclusionsA significant proportion of patients with palliative care needs experience a potentially avoidable admission. Although these admissions are relatively short compared to those whose admissions are unavoidable, any hospital admission impacts on the experiences of patients and families and may contribute to unnecessary hospital expenditure.
Health-related quality of life in transfusion-dependent patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective study to assess the impact of iron chelation therapy
Authors: Efficace Fabio , Santini Valeria , La Nasa Giorgio , Cottone Francesco , Finelli Carlo , Borin Lorenza , Quaresmini Giulia , Di Tucci Anna Angela , Volpe Antonio , Cilloni Daniela , Quarta Giovanni , Sanpaolo Grazia , Rivellini Flavia , Salvi Flavia , Molteni Alfredo , Voso Maria Teresa , Alimena Giuliana , Fenu Susanna , Mandelli Franco , Angelucci Emanuele 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in lower-risk, transfusion-dependent patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) treated with deferasirox. A secondary objective was to investigate the relationship between HRQOL, serum ferritin levels and transfusion dependency.Patients and methodsThis was a prospective multicentre study enrolling 159 patients, of whom 152 received at least one dose of deferasirox. HRQOL was assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) at baseline and then at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Primary analysis was performed estimating mean HRQOL scores over time by a linear mixed model on selected scales.ResultsThe median age of treated patients was 72 years (range 24–87 years). No statistically significant changes over time were found in mean scores for global health status/quality of life (p=0.564), physical functioning (p=0.409) and fatigue (p=0.471) scales. Also, no significant changes were found for constipation (p=0.292), diarrhoea (p=0.815) and nausea and vomiting (p=0.643). Serum ferritin levels were not associated with HRQOL outcomes. A higher patient-reported baseline pain severity was an independent predictive factor of an earlier achievement of transfusion independence with a HR of 1.032 (99% CI 1.004 to 1.060; p=0.003).ConclusionsHRQOL of transfusion-dependent patients with MDS receiving deferasirox therapy remains stable over time. HRQOL assessment might also provide important predictive information on treatment outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT00469560.
Physical and mental health outcomes following housing improvements: evidence from the GoWell study
Authors: Curl Angela , Kearns Ade , Mason Phil , Egan Matthew , Tannahill Carol , Ellaway Anne 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundExisting research points towards physical and mental health gains from housing improvements, but findings are inconsistent and often not statistically significant. The detailed characteristics and variability of housing improvement works are problematic and studies are often small, not experimental, with short follow-up times.MethodsA quasi-experimental design was used to assess the impact on physical health and mental health (using SF-12v2 Physical and Mental health component summary scales) of four types of housing improvement works—central heating, ‘Secured By Design’ front doors, fabric works, kitchens and bathrooms—both singly and in pairwise combinations. A longitudinal sample of 1933 residents from 15 deprived communities in Glasgow, UK was constructed from surveys carried out in 2006, 2008 and 2011. Sociodemographic characteristics and changes in employment status were taken into account.ResultsFabric works had positive associations with physical health (+2.09, 95% CI 0.13 to 4.04) and mental health (+1.84, 95% CI 0.04 to 3.65) in 1–2 years. Kitchens and bathrooms had a positive association with mental health in 1–2 years (+2.58, 95% CI 0.79 to 4.36). Central heating had a negative association with physical health (−2.21, 95% CI −3.74 to −0.68). New front doors had a positive association with mental health in <1 year (+5.89, 95% CI 0.65 to 11.14) and when provided alongside kitchens and bathrooms (+4.25, 95% CI 1.71 to 6.80). Gaining employment had strong associations with physical health (+7.14, 95% CI 4.72 to 9.55) as well as mental health (+5.50, 95% CI 3.27 to 7.73).ConclusionsFabric works may provide insulation benefits and visual amenity benefits to residents. Front doors may provide important security benefits in deprived communities. Economic regeneration is important alongside property-led regeneration.
HTLV-1 bZIP Factor HBZ Promotes Cell Proliferation and Genetic Instability by Activating OncomiRs
Authors: Vernin Céline , Thenoz Morgan , Pinatel Christiane , Gessain Antoine , Gout Olivier , Delfau-Larue Marie-Hélène , Nazaret Nicolas , Legras-Lachuer Catherine , Wattel Eric , Mortreux Franck 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Viruses disrupt the host cell microRNA (miRNA) network to facilitate their replication. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) replication relies on the clonal expansion of its host CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, yet this virus causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) that typically has a CD4+ phenotype. The viral oncoprotein Tax, which is rarely expressed in ATLL cells, has long been recognized for its involvement in tumor initiation by promoting cell proliferation, genetic instability, and miRNA dysregulation. Meanwhile, HBZ is expressed in both untransformed infected cells and ATLL cells and is involved in sustaining cell proliferation and silencing virus expression. Here, we show that an HBZ–miRNA axis promotes cell proliferation and genetic instability, as indicated by comet assays that showed increased numbers of DNA-strand breaks. Expression profiling of miRNA revealed that infected CD4+ cells, but not CD8+ T cells, overexpressed oncogenic miRNAs, including miR17 and miR21. HBZ activated these miRNAs via a posttranscriptional mechanism. These effects were alleviated by knocking down miR21 or miR17 and by ectopic expression of OBFC2A, a DNA-damage factor that is downregulated by miR17 and miR21 in HTLV-1–infected CD4+ T cells. These findings extend the oncogenic potential of HBZ and suggest that viral expression might be involved in the remarkable genetic instability of ATLL cells. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6082–93. ©2014 AACR.
Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Byrne Frances L. , Poon Ivan K.H. , Modesitt Susan C. , Tomsig Jose L. , Chow Jenny D.Y. , Healy Marin E. , Baker William D. , Atkins Kristen A. , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Marchion Douglas C. , Moley Kelle H. , Ravichandran Kodi S. , Slack-Davis Jill K. , Hoehn Kyle L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Women with metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, have an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. However, the metabolism of endometrial tumors themselves has been largely understudied. Comparing human endometrial tumors and cells with their nonmalignant counterparts, we found that upregulation of the glucose transporter GLUT6 was more closely associated with the cancer phenotype than other hallmark cancer genes, including hexokinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2. Importantly, suppression of GLUT6 expression inhibited glycolysis and survival of endometrial cancer cells. Glycolysis and lipogenesis were also highly coupled with the cancer phenotype in patient samples and cells. To test whether targeting endometrial cancer metabolism could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy, we screened a panel of compounds known to target diverse metabolic pathways in endometrial cells. We identified that the glycolytic inhibitor, 3-bromopyruvate, is a powerful antagonist of lipogenesis through pyruvylation of CoA. We also provide evidence that 3-bromopyruvate promotes cell death via a necrotic mechanism that does not involve reactive oxygen species and that 3-bromopyruvate impaired the growth of endometrial cancer xenografts Cancer Res; 74(20); 5832–45. ©2014 AACR.
Definition of Smad3 Phosphorylation Events That Affect Malignant and Metastatic Behaviors in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Bae Eunjin , Sato Misako , Kim Ran-Ju , Kwak Mi-Kyung , Naka Kazuhito , Gim Jungsoo , Kadota Mitsutaka , Tang Binwu , Flanders Kathleen C. , Kim Tae-Aug , Leem Sun-Hee , Park Taesung , Liu Fang , Wakefield Lalage M. , Kim Seong-Jin , Ooshima Akira 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Smad3, a major intracellular mediator of TGFβ signaling, functions as both a positive and negative regulator in carcinogenesis. In response to TGFβ, the TGFβ receptor phosphorylates serine residues at the Smad3 C-tail. Cancer cells often contain high levels of the MAPK and CDK activities, which can lead to the Smad3 linker region becoming highly phosphorylated. Here, we report, for the first time, that mutation of the Smad3 linker phosphorylation sites markedly inhibited primary tumor growth, but significantly increased lung metastasis of breast cancer cell lines. In contrast, mutation of the Smad3 C-tail phosphorylation sites had the opposite effect. We show that mutation of the Smad3 linker phosphorylation sites greatly intensifies all TGFβ-induced responses, including growth arrest, apoptosis, reduction in the size of putative cancer stem cell population, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and invasive activity. Moreover, all TGFβ responses were completely lost on mutation of the Smad3 C-tail phosphorylation sites. Our results demonstrate a critical role of the counterbalance between the Smad3 C-tail and linker phosphorylation in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our findings have important implications for therapeutic intervention of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 74(21); 6139–49. ©2014 AACR.