bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key words: Titanium(IV), Hydrazone, Schiff Base, Molecular Structure, Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Afsah Elsayed M. , Fadda Ahmed A. , Bondock Samir , Hammouda Mohamed M. 
Published: February 2015

Tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonin-2,7-dione (2a) has been used as a precursor in the synthesis of dibenzo[ b,f ][1,5]diazacyclododecene and dibenzo[b,g][1,6]diazacyclododecene ring systems 4 and 5, respectively, via periodate oxidation of the appropriate indolo-benzo[b]azonines 3 and 7. The synthesis of hexahydro-benzo[b][1,4]diazecin-2,7-dione (10) has been achieved by the Schmidt reaction of 2a.
The periodate oxidation of 9,9´-methylenebis(2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole) (11) afforded 1,1´- methylenebis(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonin-2,7-dione) (12). Its 6,6´-methylenebis isomer 13 was obtained by treating 2a with formaldehyde. Oxidation of 16 gave the unsymmetrical bi(benzo [b]azonine) 17.
The Mannich reaction of 2a led to a mixture of its 6-methylene derivative 19 and the spirocyclic system 20. The reactions of 2a with aldimines and aromatic aldehydes were also investigated.
The New Oxometallates Cs4[FeO3], Cs4[ZnO3] and Cs3[BO3] with Trigonal-planar Anions – Decomposition Products of Alkali Metal Suboxometallates
Authors: Hoch Constantin 
Published: February 2015

Three new cesium oxometallates with trigonal-planar [MO3]n− anions (M = Zn, Fe, B) were observed as products of reactions aimed at the formation of alkali metal suboxometallates A9MO4 (A = Rb, Cs; M = Al, Ga, In, Fe, Sc), or as decomposition products thereof. Cs4[FeO3], Cs4[ZnO3] and Cs3[BO3] crystallize with new structure types (Cs4[FeO3]: triclinic, space group P1̄
, a = 7.0652(1), b = 7.125(1), c = 9.939(2) Å, α = 80.74(2), β = 71.32(2), γ = 64.04(2)°, Z = 2, Cs4[FeO3]: monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 7.146(4), b = 18.572(1), c = 7.050(4) Å, β = 115.47(4)◦, Z = 4, Cs3[BO3]: orthorhombic, space group Pnma, a = 10.967(1), b = 10.967(1), c = 10.353(1) Å). In all structures the trigonal-planar anions have no or low point symmetry, but deviate only marginally from ideal 6̄m2 symmetry. The new crystal structures can be derived from simple and highly symmetrical packings of spheres or from known binary structure types.
Quinolizidine Alkaloid Profiles of Lupinus varius orientalis, L. albus albus, L. hartwegii, and L. densiflorus
Authors: El-Shazly Assem , Ateya Abdel-Monem M. , Wink Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Alkaloid profiles of two Lupinus species growing naturally in Egypt (L. albus albus [synonym L. term is], L. varius orientalis) in addition to two New World species (L. hartwegii, L. densiflorus) which were cultivated in Egypt were studied by capillary GLC and GLC-mass spectrometry with respect to quinolizidine alkaloids. Altogether 44 quinolizidine, bipiperidyl and proto-indole alkaloids were identified; 29 in L. albus, 13 in L. varius orientalis, 15 in L. hartwegii, 6 in L. densiflorus. Some of these alkaloids were identified for the first time in these plants. The alkaloidal patterns of various plant organs (leaves, flowers, stems, roots, pods and seeds) are documented. Screening for antimicrobial activity of these plant extracts demonstrated substantial activity against Candida albicans, A spergillus flavus and Bacillus subtilis.
Chemical Composition of Turmeric Oil -A Byproduct from Turmeric Oleoresin Industry and Its Inhibitory Activity against Different Fungi
Authors: Jayaprakasha Guddadarangavvanahally K. , Negi Pradeep S. , Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy , Sakariah Kurian K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Curcumin, the yellow coloring pigment of turmeric is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. The mother liquor after isolation of curcum in from oleoresin known as curcumin removed turmeric oleoresin (CRTO) was extracted three times with n-hexane at room temperature for 30 min to obtain turmeric oil. The turmeric oil was subjected to fractional distillation under vacuum to get two fractions. These fractions were tested for antifugal activity against A spergillu s flavus, A . parasiticus, Fusarium moniliform e and Penicillium digitatum by spore germination method. Fraction II was found to be m ore active. The chemical constituents of turmeric oil, fraction I and fraction II were determined by GC and identified by GCMS. Aromatic turmerone, turmerone and curlone were major compounds present in fraction II along with other oxygenated com pounds.
The Influence of Newly Synthesised Fenpropimorph Derivatives on Some Pathogen Yeasts
Authors: Breierová Emília , Šajbidor Ján , Lamačka Martin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of six novel fenpropimorph deri­vatives on lipid and sterol composition of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Malassezia pachydermatis and Malassezia furfur was investigated. The MICs for the most effective derivatives were found in the range from 3.7 to 56.7 μм and were 2 -3 times lower compared to the commercial fungicide bifonazol. The more efficient fenpropimorph derivatives were the piperidine derivative for C. albicans and the allylamine derivative for Cr. neoformans, M. pachydermatis and M. furfur . The inhibitor in the growth medium reduced the unsaturation index of the total lipid content in M. furfur and C.
Screening of Biotransformation Products of Carvone Enantiomers by Headspace-SPME/GC-MS
Authors: Demirci Fatih , Kirimer Neşe , Demirc Betül , Noma Yoshiaki , Başera Kemal Hüsnü Can 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the course of our continuing work on transformation of monoterpenes by microorga­nisms, the biotransformation of (+)-and(-)-carvone was carried out. The metabolites formed during microbial transformations were screened using a simple, rapid and efficient technique: Headspace-solid phase microextraction the application of this technique are described.
Egyptian Propolis: 1-Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Upper Egypt Propolis
Authors: Hegazi Ahmed G. , Hady Faten K. Abd El 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of four propolis samples collected from Upper Egypt against Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli and Candida albicans was evaluated. There was a variation in the antimicrobial activity according to the propolis origin. Banisweif propolis showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, but Fayoum propolis had moderate activity against all tested pathogens. Propolis collected from Assiut and Souhag gave lower antimicrobial activity. Propolis samples were investigated by GC/MS, 71 compounds were identified, 14 being new for propolis. Banisweif propolis is characterized by the presence of 7 caffeate esters and 4 triterpenoids. Fayoum propolis showed the highest amount of lactic acid and the presence of 3 chalcones. But Assiut propolis is characterized by the presence of 4 prenylated coumar-ates. Souhag propolis is characterized by the presence of 5 aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and some other new compounds to propolis.
Carbohydrate Structures of Haptoglobin in Sera of Healthy People and a Patient with Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation
Authors: Ferens-Sieczkowska Miroslawa , Olczak Mariusz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Haptoglobin is one of acute phase glycoproteins often used as markers in glycopathology studies. In this work the oligosaccharide structures of haptoglobin from 'healthy' subjects have been studied in detail, taking into consideration the possible dependence of glycosylation on the phenotype. About 75% of charged haptoglobin glycans were of biantennary complex structure, and some of them lacked one terminal sialic acid molecule. Triantennary structures made up almost 25% of the charged glycans pool, and highly branched tetrasialy-lated oligosaccharides did not exceed 1%. The main difference between haptoglobin derived from the sample of pooled 44 sera and from the 2 -2 phenotype individual concerned the relative content of trisialylated oligosaccharide with one 2 -3 linked sialic acid residue. The oligosaccharide profile of haptoglobin derived from serum of a patient suffering from con­ genital disorder of glycosylation was compared to 'healthy' controls. It was shown, that four main glycans are identical in patient and 'normal' haptoglobins. Some alterations were found in the relative content of mono-, bi-, and trisialylated glycans as well as in the appearance of some tracely abundant oligosaccharides in haptoglobin of the patient with congenital dis­ order of glycosylation.
Effects of ʟ-Phenylalanine on Acetylcholinesterase, (Na+,K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase Activities in Adult Rat Whole Brain and Frontal Cortex
Authors: Tsakiris Stylianos 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of different L-phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations (0.12-12.1 mм) on acetylcho­ linesterase (AChE), (Na+,K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities was investigated in homogenates of adult rat whole brain and frontal cortex at 37 °C. AChE, (Na+,K+)-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities were determined after preincubation with Phe. AChE activity in both tissues showed a decrease up to 18% (p<0.01) with Phe. Whole brain Na+,K+-ATPase was stimulated by 30-35% (p<0.01) with high Phe concentrations, while frontal cortex Na+,K+-ATPase was stimulated by 50-55% (p<0.00l). Mg2+-ATPase activity was increased only in frontal cortex with high Phe concentrations. It is suggested that: a) The inhibitory effect of Phe on brain AChE is not influenced by developmental factors, while the stimulation of Phe on brain Na+,K+-ATPase is indeed affected; b) The stimulatory effect of Phe on rat whole brain Na+,K+-ATPase is decreased with age; c) Na+,K+-ATPase is selectively more stimulated by high Phe concentrations in frontal cortex than in whole brain homogenate; d) High (toxic) Phe concentrations can affect Mg2+-ATPase activity in frontal cortex, but not in whole brain, thus modulating the amount of intracellular Mg2+.
Enhanced Nucleophilicity and Depressed Electrophilicity of Peroxide by Zinc(II), Aluminum(III) and Lanthanum(III) Ions
Authors: Nishino Satoshi , Kobayashi Teruyuki , Matsushima Hideaki , Tokii Tadashi , Nishid Yuzo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The binuclear zinc(II) complex, [Zn2 (HPTP)(CH3 COO)]2+ was found highly active to cleave DNA (double-strand super-coiled DNA, pBR322 and φχ174) in the presence of hy­drogen peroxide. However, no TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) formation was detected in a solution containing 2 -deoxyribose (or 2′-deoxyguanosine, etc); where (HPTP) represents N,N,N′-N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol. These facts imply that DNA cleavage reaction by the binuclear Zn(II)/H2O2 system should be due to a hydrolytic mechanism, which may be attributed to the enhanced nucleophilicity but depressed electrophilicity of the peroxide ion coordinated to the zinc(II) ion. DFT (density-functional theory) calculations on the peroxide adduct of monomeric zinc(II) have supported the above consideration. Similar DFT calculations on the peroxide adducts of the Al(III) and La(III) compounds have revealed that electrophilicity of the peroxide ion in these com­ pounds is strongly reduced. This gives an important information to elucidate the fact that La3+ can enhance the growth of plants under certain conditions.
A Comparative Chemical Study of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. Reiss and Maytenus robusta Reiss (Celastraceae)
Authors: Niero Rivaldo , Moser Renata , Busato Ana C.B. , Filho Valdir Chechinel , Yunes Rosendo A. , Reis Ademir 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This work describes a comparative qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of Maytenus ilicifolia and Maytenus robusta (Celastraceae), extracts by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC), using external standards as the method of determination and thin layer chromatographic (TLC). The results show that both plants have a similar chromatographic profile. However, M. robusta exhibited about three times higher concen tration of triterpene friedelin than M. ilicifolia.
Changes of the Brain Synapses During Aging. New Aspects
Authors: Schulpis Kleopatra , Doulgeraki Artemis , Tsakiris Stylianos 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The process of brain aging is an interaction of age-related losses and compensatory mechanisms. This review is focused on the changes of the synaptic number and structure, their functional implications, regarding neurotransmission, as well as the electrical activity of neuronal circuits. Moreover, the importance of calcium homeostasis is strongly emphasized. It is also suggested that many neuronal properties are preserved, as a result of adaptive mechanisms, and that a series of interdependent factors regulate brain aging. The "new fron­ tier" in research is the challenge of understanding the effects of aging, both to prevent degen­ erative diseases and reduce their consequences. New aspects are considered a) the role of nitric oxide, b) free radicals and apoptosis, c) impaired cerebral microcirculation, d) m eta­ bolic features of aging brain, e) the possible neuroprotective role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ovarian steroids and e) stress and aging. These numerous multifactorial approaches are essential to understand the process of aging. The more we learn about it, the more we realize how to achieve "successful" aging. M inireview
Iridoids from Avicennia marina
Authors: Shaker Kamel H. , Elgamal M. Hani A. , Seifert Karlheinz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Three new iridoid glucosides, 10-O-[(E)-cinnamoyl]-geniposidic acid, 10-O-[(E)-p-coumaroyl]- geniposidic acid, 10-O-[(E)-caffeoyl]-geniposidic acid and the known iridoid glucoside, 2′-O-[(E)-cinnamoyl]-mussaenosidic acid have been isolated from Avicennia marina. The structures were determined primarily by NMR spectroscopy. The assignment of NMR signals was performed by means of 1H - 1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments.
Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Halimium voldii
Authors: Demetzos Costas , Perdetzoglou Dimitrios , Tan Kit 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Volatile constituents and a hexane extract of the leaves of Halimium voldii Kit Tan, Perde t­zoglou & Raus, sp. nova, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Thirty compounds were iden­tified in the essential oil of Halimium representing 88.7% of the oil composition. The main components were nonanal (12.8%), dodecane (10.6%), Z-caryophyllene (8.2%), y-muuro-lene (10.9%), δ -cadidene (3.5%), caryophyllene oxide (5.1%), β-eudesmol (3.6%) and ma-noyl oxide (5.5%). Thymol was identified in the hexane extract as the main compound. A labdane diterpene ent-labd-7, 13 (E)-dien, 15-ol was detected by its mass spectra fragmenta­tion pattern and its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and its optical rota­tion. The essential oil and the hexane extract were assayed for their antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria.
Physiological Activity of Some Organophosphorous Compounds and Their Influence on Mechanical Properties of Erythrocytes
Authors: Kleszczyńska Halina , Bonarska Dorota , Sarapuk Janusz , Bielecki Krzysztof 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Hemolysis and fluidization of erythrocytes (RBC) membranes by some newly synthesized aminophosphonates as well as their potency to induce electrolyte efflux from cucumber (Cu­cumis sativus cv "Wisconsin") cotyledons were studied. Also, the chlorophyll content in aminophosphonate-treated cotyledons was affected. The compounds studied differed mainly in hydrophobicity of their substituents at the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. It was found that aminophosphonate potency to fluidize RBC membranes depended on the combination of its overall lipophilicity and/or the kind of substituent at the P atom. Espe­cially, iso-propyl groups enhanced that potency. The sequence of am inophosphonates that exhibited the strongest fluidization activity was paralelled by their physiological and hem o­ lytic activities; in the latter case for these compounds that hemolyzed RBC under used con­ centrations.
A general conclusion is that both the stereochemistry and lipophilicity determine the effi­ciency of the aminophosphonates studied. This efficiency is most probably related to the interaction of aminophosphonates with the lipid phase of biological objects.
Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Host-Specific Phytotoxins (AM-Toxin Analogs) Using a New Assay Method with Leaves from Apple Meristem Culture
Authors: Miyashita Masahiro , Nakamori Tomoko , Murai Takahiro , Yonemoto Tetsuro , Miyagawa Hisashi , Akamatsu Miki , Ueno Tamio 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
AM -toxins are host-specific phytotoxins of the Alternaria alternata apple pathotype, which induce necrosis on apple leaves. In this study, we developed a new assay to measure the necrotic activity of AM -toxin analogs using cultured leaves from meristem cells. This method was not only more sensitive to AM -toxin I, but also more reliable than the previous one that used tree leaves due to the homogeneous nature of cultured leaves and to the method of application of toxins. U sing this assay method we investigated a structure-activity relationship of AM -toxin analogs synthesized in this study. Most residues and the macrocyclic ring structure were strictly recognized by AM -toxin putative receptor, whereas the L-Ala binding subsite of the receptor allowed for side chain structures with various stereoelectronic properties. These findings are important for designing ligands for further experimental probing of the nature of the receptor.
Biochemical and Molecular Biological Studies on Infection (Ascochyta rabiei)- Induced Thaumatin-Like Proteins from Chickpea Plants (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Hanselle Thomas , Ichinoseb Yuki , Barz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A pathogenesis-related protein induced by infection with Ascochyta rabiei was purified from intercellular washing fluid of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) leaves. Amino-terminal se­quencing identified the protein, named PR-5a, as a thaumatin-like protein. The isoelectric point was determined with 6.5 and the molecular mass is 16 kDa. Therefore, chickpea PR-5a is the first dicot member of a TLP subgroup containing small TLPs with a molecular weight between 15 and 18 kDa. PR-5a shows no antifungal activity towards A. rabiei. Screen­ ing of a chickpea cDNA library led to the isolation of a cDNA clone (p5a-241) for this protein. A second cDNA clone (ELR112) encoding a TLP was isolated using differential hybridisation of cDNA libraries obtained from elicited and water treated cell suspension cultures of chickpea. The deduced protein (PR-5b) has a molecular mass of 22 kDa. PR-5b is postulated to be located in the vacuole due to the presence of a respective N-terminal signal peptide and a carboxy-terminal extension. Southern blot analyses showed that ELR112 and p5a-241 represent single copy genes. During fungal infection of chickpea plants expres­ sion of both genes proceeds much faster in an A. rabiei resistant cultivar than in a suscep­tible one.
Cross -Reactivity of the V3-Specific Antibodies with the Human C1q
Authors: Petković Marijana , Metlaš Radmila 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It has been previously shown that the sequence similarity between a portion of the enve­lope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) from the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and several types of human collagen and collagen-like molecules exists. That observation led to the suggestion that the antibodies against the third hypervariable region (V3) of HIV-1 gpl20 (V3-specific antibodies) might have a role in the autoimmune phenomena observed in HIV-infected persons. In this study we have examined the cross-reactivity of the V3-specific anti­ bodies purified from sera of HIV-infected individuals, sera obtained from the rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients, as well as from the sera of healthy volun­ teers with the separate chains of a subcomponent of the first component of the human com­ plement system, C1q. Our results show that the V3-specific antibodies are present in the sera of the HIV-infected individuals, patients suffering of the systemic autoimmune diseases as well as in the sera of healthy volunteers. Whereas these antibodies appeared in the HIV+-sera after antigen challenge, those present in the H IV --sera probably represent the antibod­ ies that are cross-reactive with the antigen. V3-reactive antibodies can be purified by affinity chromatography and they were highly specific for the V3-peptide. Additionally, they showed cross-reactivity with the separate chains of the human C1q as well as with the chicken colla­ gen type VI. Possible physiological implications are discussed.
Accumulation of Lignans in Suspension Cultures of Linum mucronatum ssp. armenum (Bordz.) Davis
Authors: Konuklugil Belma , Schmidt Thomas J. , Alfermann A. Wilhelm 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
For the first time callus and suspension cultures of Li­num mucronatum ssp. armenum were initiated, grown in darkness at 25 °C and analyzed for lignans. 6-Methoxy-podophyllotoxin was the main lignan besides smaller amounts of podophyllotoxin isolated and identified by chromatographic methods as well as by 1H NMR.
A Novel Acetylated 3-Deoxyanthocyanidin Laminaribioside from the Fern Blechnum novae-zelandiae
Authors: Swinny Ewald E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The major 3-deoxyanthocyanin isolated from the fern Blechnum novae-zelandiae was de­termined to be luteolinidin 5-O-β-ᴅ-[3-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl-2-O-acetylglucopyranoside] and was found to co-occur with quercetin 3-O-β-ᴅ-[6-O-caffeoylglucopyranoside], quercetin 3-O-β-ᴅ-[6-O-caffeoylgalactopyranoside] and kaempferol 3-O-β-ᴅ-glucuronopyranoside. These pigments were identified by using HPLC chromatography, NMR (1ᴅ , 2ᴅ) and electrospray mass spectroscopy.
Photosynthetic Electron Transport Inhibition by Pyrimidines and Pyridines Substituted with Benzylamino, Methyl and Trifluoromethyl Groups
Authors: Ohki Shinpei , Takahashi Hideomi , Kuboyama Nobuhiro , Koizumi Kazuya , Kohno Hitoshi , van Rensen Jack J. S. , Wakabayashi Ko , Böger Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The decrease of the number of ring nitrogen atoms of 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoro-methyl-1,3,5-triazines on herbicidal activity and inhibition of photosynthetic electron trans­ port (PET) was assayed using thylakoids from Spinacia oleracea or atrazine-resistant Chenopodium album. Three 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines, nine pyrimidines with a benzylamino-, methyl-and trifluoromethyl-group, 2-benzylamino-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-pyridine and N-benzyl-3-methyl-5-trifluoromethylaniline were synthesized and assayed. 2-(4-Bromobenzylamino)-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidine exhibited the highest PET inhibitory activity against Spinacia oleracea thylakoids of all compounds tested. The 2-benzylaminopyrimidines and 2-methylpyrimidines having a 4-halobenzylamino group exhibited higher PET inhibition than atrazine and 2-trifluoromethylpyrimidines against Spinacia oleracea thylakoids. These PET inhibitory active compounds also exhibited a strong and similar inhibition both against atrazine-resistant Chenopodium album thylakoids as well as against thylakoids from wild-type Chenopodium. The herbicidal activity of 4-(4-bromoben-zylamino)-2-methyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidine was equivalent to that of known herbicides like simetryne, simazine or atrazine.