bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of the LMP2A target gene, EGR‐1, protects Hodgkin's lymphoma cells from entry to the EBV lytic cycle
Authors: Vockerodt Martina , Wei Wenbin , Nagy Eszter , Prouzova Zuzana , Schrader Alexandra , Kube Dieter , Rowe Martin , Woodman Ciaran B , Murray Paul G 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHodgkin's lymphoma is unusual among B cell lymphomas, in so far as the malignant Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells lack a functional B cell receptor (BCR), as well as many of the required downstream signalling components. In Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma, HRS cells express the viral latent membrane proteins (LMP)‐1 and ‐2A. LMP2A is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's lymphoma by providing a surrogate BCR‐like survival signal. However, LMP2A has also been shown to induce the virus‐replicative cycle in B cells, an event presumably incompatible with lymphomagenesis. In an attempt to resolve this apparent paradox, we compared the transcriptional changes observed in primary HRS cells with those induced by LMP2A and by BCR activation in primary human germinal centre (GC) B cells, the presumed progenitors of HRS cells. We found a subset of genes that were up‐regulated by both LMP2A expression and BCR activation but which were down‐regulated in primary HRS cells. These genes included EGR1, an immediate‐early gene that is required for BCR‐induced entry to the virus‐replicative cycle. We present data supporting a model for the pathogenesis of EBV‐positive Hodgkin's lymphoma in which LMP2A‐expressing HRS cells lacking BCR signalling functions cannot induce EGR1 and are consequently protected from entry to the virus lytic cycle. The primary microarray data are available from GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under series Accession No 46143. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust second‐generation genome‐wide test for fetal aneuploidy based on shotgun sequencing cell‐free DNA in maternal blood
Authors: Guex N. , Iseli C. , Syngelaki A. , Deluen C. , Pescia G. , Nicolaides K. H. , Xenarios I. , Conrad B. 
Published: April 2013

What's already known about this topic?

Non‐invasive genome‐wide screening of fetal aneuploidy by shotgun sequencing cell‐free DNA in maternal blood has been shown to effectively identify fetal trisomy 21, but the performance of screening for other aneuploidies is variable.What does this study add?

Optimizing all individual steps in the procedure and performing rigorous quality control provides a test capable of replacing invasive testing for the major aneuploidies.
Methodology of evaluation of abrasive tool wear with the use of laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Lipiński Dariusz , Kacalak Wojciech , Tomkowski Robert 
Published: April 2013

SummaryGrinding is one of the basic precise material removal methods. Abrasive and shape wear, as well as smearing of the tools' active surface handicap the processing results. The loss of cutting capacity in abrasive tools or alteration of their shape influences the surface quality and precision of the workpiece dimensions and its shape. Evaluation of the abrasive tool surface is the basic criterion of forecasting the tools' durability and the process results. The applied method of laser SCANNING 36:53–63, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wafer‐Scale Patterning of Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes by Transfer‐and‐Reverse Stamping for High Performance OFETs
Authors: Lee Joong Suk , Kim Nam Hee , Kang Moon Sung , Yu Hojeong , Lee Dong Ryoul , Oh Joon Hak , Chang Suk Tai , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA wafer‐scale patterning method for solution‐processed graphene electrodes, named the transfer‐and‐reverse stamping method, is universally applicable for fabricating source/drain electrodes of n‐ and p‐type organic field‐effect transistors with excellent performance. The patterning method begins with transferring a highly uniform reduced graphene oxide thin film, which is pre‐prepared on a glass substrate, onto hydrophobic silanized (rigid/flexible) substrates. Patterns of the as‐prepared reduced graphene oxide films are then formed by modulating the surface energy of the films and selectively delaminating the films using an oxygen‐plasma‐treated elastomeric stamp with patterns. Reduced graphene oxide patterns with various sizes and shapes can be readily formed onto an entire wafer. Also, they can serve as the source/drain electrodes for benchmark n‐ and p‐type organic field‐effect transistors with enhanced performance, compared to those using conventional metal electrodes. These results demonstrate the general utility of this technique. Furthermore, this simple, inexpensive, and scalable electrode‐patterning‐technique leads to assembling organic complementary circuits onto a flexible substrate successfully.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Customer Trust, and Loyalty—Perspectives from a Developing Country
Authors: Azmat Fara , Ha Huong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCustomer loyalty and trust are increasingly recognized as crucial for businesses to gain a unique and advantageous position over their competitors. In order to build customer loyalty and trust, businesses in developed countries are increasingly incorporating corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in supply chains. While CSR is increasingly being considered in supply chains in developed countries, incorporating CSR practices in local supply chains presents a challenge in the context of developing countries and, as a topic, remains under‐researched. Drawing from the literature, this article presents a conceptual model with certain propositions to explain the contextual constraints of incorporating CSR practices in local supply chains in developing countries. These propositions are further strengthened by using a descriptive case of Bangladesh as an exemplar of developing countries. The article provides insights into the under‐researched area of the link between incorporation of CSR practices, customer loyalty, and trust in the context of developing countries and can be used as a catalyst for future research. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charles Willems (1859–1930): Belgian Military and Academic Surgeon and First President of the International Society of Surgery
Authors: De Broe Luc , Liebermann‐Meffert Dorothea , Van Hee Robert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBelgian surgeon Charles Willems (1859–1930) played a prominent role in the founding of the Société Internationale de Chirurgie (International Society of Surgery), of which he became the first president in 1902. He kept the office until 1929, when illness obliged him to discontinue. He had an important military career in the Balkan War but especially during World War I. He later became Professor of Surgery at the University of Liège. He produced numerous scientific articles on various surgical subjects and even started a journal that was the forerunner of theWorld Journal of Surgery. The International Society of Surgery owes a lot to its first president.
Beak marks on butterfly wings with special reference to Japanese black swallowtail
Authors: Kiritani Keizi , Yamashita Hanae , Yamamura Kohji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBirds are believed to be one of the principal predators of butterflies. The beak marks (BMs) left on the butterfly wings are useful indices of bird predation. We performed 84 collections in grasslands and woodlands during 2002–2006 in Ito, Shizuoka prefecture, and collected 893 specimens belonging to 48 species. In general, the larger was the body size the higher was the BM rate. There were two peaks in the BM rate and the peaks were higher by 13–14 % in autumn than in spring in both grasslands and woodlands. During 2007 and 2008, capture‐mark‐recapture surveys were conducted 82 times in a flight path of black swallowtail butterflies (BSBs). A total of 443 BSB were individually marked and released at a site 400 m away from the flight path after examining for BM, degree of wing damage, body size, sex and species. The BM% of BSB ranged from 40 to 46 %, which was the highest among the observed butterflies. The recapture rate was negatively correlated with the BM rate suggesting that the avian predation was strong enough to affect the survival rate of BSB adults. In addition, the BM rate showed a delayed positive response to BSB density in the previous month. Variation in the BM rate was analyzed with a multivariate model; it indicated that month and wing length were significant explanatory variables. In addition, the highest BM rate was observed at an intermediate wing size. These results strongly suggested that variation in the BM rate was caused by variation in avian life history and predator size. All the evidence suggested that an appreciable predation pressure by birds operated on BSB adult populations.
Exploring the relationship between macrofungi diversity, abundance, and vascular plant diversity in semi‐natural and managed forests in north‐east Hungary
Authors: Rudolf Kinga , Morschhauser Tamás , Pál‐Fám Ferenc , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe diversity of easy‐to‐study organisms (e.g. vascular plants) is often used as a proxy for the diversity of other organisms whose investigation needs more effort, time and specialist knowledge. Some previous studies have found positive relationships between plant and macrofungal diversity and thus support this approach, while others question this practice. Our aim was to explore the possibility of using plant diversity as surrogate for macrofungal diversity in the forests of the Pannonian ecoregion. A total of 19 permanent plots in north‐east Hungary were sampled for vascular plants and macrofungi. The effect on macrofungal abundance and diversity, as well as degradation level, of plant evenness and richness was tested using generalized linear models. Species richness of macrofungi assemblages proved to be independent of the diversity and naturalness of vascular plant communities; however, there was congruence in the composition of the two communities. In contrast to diversity, macrofungi abundance was significantly negatively correlated to plant species richness. There was a hump‐backed relationship between the abundance of terricolous macrofungi and the degradation level estimated on the basis of the occurrence of vascular plants, although degradation did not influence the abundance of lignicolous macrofungi. Our results question the reliability of decisions on nature conservation actions based on a few groups of easy‐to‐observe organisms, and underline the necessity of studying as wide a range of taxonomic groups as possible.
The complete targeted profile of the organic acid intermediates of the citric acid cycle using a single stable isotope dilution analysis, sodium borodeuteride reduction and selected ion monitoring GC/MS
Authors: Mamer Orval , Gravel Simon-Pierre , Choinière Luc , Chénard Valérie , St-Pierre Julie , Avizonis Daina 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The quantitative profiling of the organic acid intermediates of the citric acid cycle (CAC) presents a challenge due to the lack of commercially available internal standards for all of the organic acid intermediates. We developed an analytical method that enables the quantitation of all the organic acids in the CAC in a single stable isotope dilution GC/MS analysis with deuterium-labeled analogs used as internal standards. The unstable α-keto acids are rapidly reduced with sodium borodeuteride to the corresponding stable α-deutero-α-hydroxy acids and these, along with their unlabeled analogs and other CAC organic acid intermediates, are converted to their tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. Selected ion monitoring is employed with electron ionization. We validated this method by treating an untransformed mouse mammary epithelial cell line with well-known mitochondrial toxins affecting the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, which resulted in profound perturbations of the concentration of CAC intermediates.
On the Applicability of the Regular Solution Theory to Multicomponent Systems
Authors: Schulz Erica P. , Rodriguez José Luis M. , Minardi Rosana M. , Miraglia Daniela B. , Schulz Pablo C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe critical micelle concentration (CMC) of aqueous mixtures of decyl‐ (C10TAB), dodecyl‐ (C12TAB), and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium (C14TAB) bromides has been studied in the complete triangular diagram. The results have been analyzed on the basis of the multicomponent regular solution theory for mixed micelles (MRST). It has been found that the mixtures of both, two or three components, contrary to the MRST theory assumptions, have a nonideal behavior. Both the experimental CMC, (CMCijk)exp, and that computed with the MRST, (CMCijk)calc), were lower than the ideal one, (CMCijk)id, indicating an attractive interaction. Moreover, in the majority of the triangular diagram (CMCijk)exp differs significantly from (CMCijk)calc. This suggests that the assumption in the MRST that the interaction among the three different homologue molecules in the mixed micelle computed using the binary regular solution theory interaction parameters obtained from binary mixtures may be an oversimplification. This has been reinforced by analysis of the intramicellar activity coefficients of components, indicating differences in the surrounding of the component molecules when they are in bi‐ or tricomponent micelles. The excess free energy of micellization in three‐component systems indicates that the more stable mixed micelles are those having an excess of the shorter components (C10TAB–C12TAB) and <50 % of the longer one (C14TAB). Furthermore, the common statement that mixtures of homologue surfactants are ideal is not supported by this work.
A longitudinal study of psychological functioning and academic attainment at the transition to secondary school
Authors: Riglin Lucy , Frederickson Norah , Shelton Katherine H. , Rice Frances 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis longitudinal study of adolescents in the first year of secondary school, examined the relationship between psychological functioning at the beginning of year 7 (mean age 11.25 years) with attainment at the end of year 7 (mean age 11.78 years). Depressive symptoms, school liking and conduct problems predicted lower attainment across time having controlled for the temporal stability in psychological functioning and attainment. School concerns predicted lower attainment for boys only, and the effects of depressive symptoms on later attainment were significantly stronger for boys compared to girls. School liking – and school concerns for boys – remained significant predictors of attainment when controlling for conduct problems. The transition to secondary school may represent a window of opportunity for developing interventions aimed at improving both pupil psychological functioning and attainment.
Binge alcohol‐induced alterations in BDNF and GDNF expression in central extended amygdala and pyriform cortex on infant rats
Authors: Balaszczuk Verónica , Bender Crhistian , Pereno Germán , Beltramino Carlos A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMothers who consume alcohol during pregnancy may cause a neurotoxic syndrome termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in the offspring, which includes cognitive deficits and emotional/social disturbances. These alterations are thought to be caused, at least in part, by alcohol‐induced imbalance in neurotrophic factor levels, which are critically involved in normal neurodevelopment. Our goal was to study whether brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression were affected by alcohol in central extended amygdala (CEXA) and pyriform cortex (Pyr), structures strongly involved in emotional/social behaviors. Further, we evaluated how these changes could be related to blood and brain alcohol concentrations. Postnatal day (PND) pups at 7, 15 and 20‐days old were administered alcohol (2.5 g/kg s.c. at 0 and 2 h) or saline. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BDNF and GDNF at 2, 12 and 24 h after drug administration. Also, gas chromatography was bused to measure blood alcohol levels (BALs) and brain alcohol levels (BrALs) at each hour, from 2 to 8 h after the second alcohol administration. Results showed: (1) alcohol‐induced enhancement of BDNF positive cells on PND 7 and 20, a decrease on PND 15 in the CEXA, and no changes in the Pyr on PND 7 and 20, but a diminished on PND 15; (2) GDNF positive cells rise after alcohol administration for the three ages in the CEXA and Pyr except on PND 15, where there was a decline; and (3) pharmacokinetics analysis demonstrated age‐related differences showing equal BALs on PND 7 and 20 but higher BALs on PND 15. In contrast, BrALs were higher on PND 7 than 15 and 20. Hence, BALs may not be predictive of BrALs in postnatal rats. Furthermore, we did not find a relationship between age in pharmacokinetic differences and neurotrophins response. In conclusion, the CEXA and Pyr are brain structures sensitive to alcohol‐induced imbalance in neurotrophic factors expression; and BALs are not a mirror of BrALs.
Acquired Myopathy/Dystrophies
Authors: Chiodo Anthony 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDiseases of muscle may be congenital or acquired. They cause muscle weakness without sensory loss. The onset, distribution, and clinical course help to differentiate the type of muscle disorder. The diagnostic workup may include laboratory examination, electrodiagnostic studies, and muscle biopsy. A definitive diagnosis leads to better decision making with regard to treatment, genetic education, prognosis, functional expectations, and the impact of exercise on muscle function.
Holocene vegetation history and fire regimes of Pseudotsuga menziesii forests in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve, southwestern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Lucas Jennifer D. , Lacourse Terri 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPollen analysis of a 9.03-m-long lake sediment core from Pender Island on the south coast of British Columbia was used to reconstruct the island's vegetation history over the last 10,000 years. The early Holocene was characterized by open mixed woodlands with abundant Pseudotsuga menziesii and a diverse understory including Salix and Rosaceae shrubs and Pteridium aquilinum ferns. The establishment of Quercus garryana savanna-woodland with P. menziesii and Acer macrophyllum followed deposition of the Mazama tephra until ~ 5500 cal yr BP, when these communities gave way to modern mixed P. menziesii forest. Charcoal analyses of the uppermost sediments revealed low charcoal accumulation over the last 1300 years with a mean fire return interval (mFRI) of 88 years. Fires were more frequent (mFRI = 50 yr) during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) with warm, dry conditions facilitating a higher fire frequency than during the Little Ice Age, when fires were infrequent. Given the projected warming for the next 50–100 years, land managers considering the reintroduction of fire to the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve may want to consider using the mFRI of the MCA as a baseline reference in prescribed burning strategies.
Late Quaternary aeolian activity in Gonghe Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Qiang Mingrui , Chen Fahu , Song Lei , Liu Xingxing , Li Mingzhi , Wang Qin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAeolian deposits at four sites in the Gonghe Basin were used to reconstruct the history of aeolian activity over the late Quaternary. These deposits include well-sorted aeolian sand, paleosols and/or loess. Aeolian sand represents dune-field expansion and/or dune buildup, whereas paleosols indicate stabilization of dunes, accompanying ameliorated vegetation cover. On the basis of 25 dates by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), it appears that aeolian activities occurred episodically at 33.5, 20.3, 13.9, 11.8–11.0, 9.4, 7.8, and 5.7 (5.5) ka, which is largely consistent with the recent findings from the adjacent semi-arid areas. Aeolian sand mobility occurring during the early to mid Holocene conflicts with a climatic optimum inferred from lacustrine records in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This inconsistency may be resolved by interpreting aeolian activity as a response to decreased effective moisture due to enhanced evaporation, induced by higher summer insolation at that time, together with local terrain and its effects on moisture. Our results suggest that aeolian sand and paleosol cannot be simply ascribed to regional dry and wet climates, respectively, and they most likely reflect changes in effective moisture.
Analysis of hemlock pollen size in Holocene lake sediments from New England
Authors: Day Lindsay T. , Oswald W. Wyatt , Doughty Elaine D. , Foster David R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe explored the middle-Holocene decline of Tsuga canadensis by measuring the diameters of pollen grains in two lake-sediment cores from New England. We hypothesized that a drop in pollen size at the time of the decline followed by an increase in pollen diameters as Tsuga recovered during the late Holocene might indicate reduced abundance of Tsuga in the vicinity of the lake during the decline, as smaller pollen grains travel farther than larger ones. To provide context for this hypothesis, we also measured the diameters of Tsuga pollen grains in the surface sediments of sites spanning the modern-day gradient of Tsuga in New England. Both fossil records exhibited a reduction in pollen size during the interval of the middle-Holocene decline, with diameters similar to those observed in the upper sediments of those sites, yet larger than Tsuga pollen grains in the surface sediments of coastal sites beyond the modern range of Tsuga. This pattern suggests that Tsuga persisted in scattered, low-density populations during the middle Holocene, as it has remained on the landscape since European settlement.
Rigidity and non-recurrence along sequences
Authors: BERGELSON V. , DEL JUNCO A. , LEMAŃCZYK M. , ROSENBLATT J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe study two properties of a finite measure-preserving dynamical system and a given sequence$({n}_{m} )$of positive integers, namely rigidity and non-recurrence. Our goal is to find conditions on the sequence which ensure that it is, or is not, a rigid sequence or a non-recurrent sequence for some weakly mixing system or more generally for some ergodic system. The main focus is on weakly mixing systems. For example, we show that for any integer$a\geq 2$the sequence${n}_{m} = {a}^{m} $is a sequence of rigidity for some weakly mixing system. We show the same for the sequence of denominators of the convergents in the continued fraction expansion of any irrational$\alpha $. We also consider the stronger property of IP-rigidity. We show that if$({n}_{m} )$grows fast enough then there is a weakly mixing system which is IP-rigid along$({n}_{m} )$and non-recurrent along$({n}_{m} + 1)$.
Luminosity Bias: From Haloes to Galaxies
Authors: Baugh C. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLarge surveys of the local Universe have shown that galaxies with different intrinsic properties such as colour, luminosity and morphological type display a range of clustering amplitudes. Galaxies are therefore not faithful tracers of the underlying matter distribution. This modulation of galaxy clustering, called bias, contains information about the physics behind galaxy formation. It is also a systematic to be overcome before the large-scale structure of the Universe can be used as a cosmological probe. Two types of approaches have been developed to model the clustering of galaxies. The first class is empirical and filters or weights the distribution of dark matter to reproduce the measured clustering. In the second approach, an attempt is made to model the physics which governs the fate of baryons in order to predict the number of galaxies in dark matter haloes. I will review the development of both approaches and summarise what we have learnt about galaxy bias.