bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Career satisfaction of Jordanian dental hygienists
Authors: Malkawi ZA 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect Jordanian dental hygienists with their career satisfaction including financial issues, employment settings and policies.Materials and methodsRandomized sample of 102 dental hygienists with a bachelor's degree were selected from the entire population of Jordanian dental hygienists. Participants received a cover letter with a questionnaire. Findings were analysed using descriptive data techniques. Chi‐square test was used to determine the statistically significant differences across demographic variables and career satisfaction's factors.ResultsAbout 22.5% of the participants are not working as dental hygienist. Dental hygiene profession in Jordan includes predominantly (74.0%) females. Majority of them (51.9%) were employed in JUST, and minority (6.3%) in MOH. Most of them (56.4%) were aged 24–29 years old, and mostly 62.2% with ≤1 child. About 53.1% employed by general dentist. Almost 35.3% had ≥4 years' job experience. Majority (47.6%) expressed high level of satisfaction with dental materials and equipment to practice work; however, only 2.0% expressed very high level of satisfaction with employment policies. Almost 32.4% expressed low level of satisfaction with salary level. Minority (2.0%) expressed dissatisfaction with quality of dentist's work. Statistically significant association was found between workplace, and dental materials and equipment to practice work, salary level, employment policies (P = 0.003, P = 0.003, P = 0.026), and number of children with flexibility in work hours (P = 0.001).ConclusionJordanian dental hygienists' workplacesatisfaction w as significantly associated with dental materials and equipment to practice work, salary level, and employment policies. Understanding the working patterns of dental hygienists in Jordan is important to increase their career satisfaction levels.
Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis is Associated with Gray and White Matter Damage
Authors: Avelar Wagner M. , D'Abreu Anelyssa , Coan Ana C. , Lima Fabrício Oliveira , Guimarães Rachel , Yassuda Clarissa L. , Oliveira Germano P. , Guillaumon Ana T. , Filho Augusto A. , Min Li L. , Cendes Fernando 
Published: August 2015

Background Cognitive deficits in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis have been reported. The ultimate mechanism of cognitive deficits remains unclear and might be related to subtle structural brain damage. Aims The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of subtle white and grey matter abnormalities associated with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Methods Twenty-five patients with asymptomatic ≥70%/occlusion carotid stenosis and 25 healthy controls, matched for gender and age, underwent 3 Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging. Gray and white matter macrostructural abnormalities were evaluated with voxel-based morphometry using spm8 software. White matter microstructural abnormalities were evaluated with diffusion tensor images with the Diffusion Toolbox package and tract-based spatial statistics from FMRIB Software Library. Results We observed significant macro- and microstructural white matter abnormalities, and these findings were diffuse and symmetrical in both hemispheres. In contrast, gray matter atrophy was observed in the areas corresponding to the anterior circulation of the hemisphere ipsilateral to the carotid stenosis. Conclusions Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis have different patterns of gray and white matter abnormalities. While the white matter damage is diffuse, the gray matter atrophy is localized in the territory of anterior circulation ipsilateral to the stenosis. The role of asymptomatic carotid stenosis in the gray matter damage must be further investigated with longitudinal studies and comparison with neuropsychological evaluation.
Determination of Gold in e‐Waste Dust Samples and Geological Matrices by ICP‐MS after Extraction by an HClO4‐HBr‐HI‐Aqua Regia Mixture
Authors: Strnad Ladislav , Šebek Ondřej , Fayadová Marie , Vrba Jan 
Published: August 2015

This study describes two methods (Procedures‐1 and ‐2) for the direct extraction of Au by an inorganic acid mixture (HClO4‐HBr‐HI‐aqua regia) from complex sample matrices. Standard PTFE jars at 200 °C were used to decompose test portions of 0.5–1 g, with subsequent precise and accurate analysis by ICP‐MS without any other preconcentration or separation. Procedure‐1 decomposed samples effectively without the necessity of leaching with HF and was developed for dust samples from e‐waste (electronic waste) processing; however, testing on geological reference materials showed very good results. The analyses of replicate decompositions (n = 5) from both procedures yielded very good precision (< 5% RSD) for most of the reference materials. The accuracy achieved was better than ± 10%, with the exception of NIST SRM 2782 data from Procedure‐1. Two unknown samples of dust from e‐waste processing (P‐1 and VM‐1) exhibited elevated concentrations of Au (21.31–61.64 μg g−1) with precision better than 10% (n = 5). The proposed techniques are simple, sensitive and sparing in the use of chemicals, and are designed for a variety of e‐waste dust samples. No significant influences were observed for the predicted spectral interferences on mass 197Au.
Local Structure Investigation in Multiferroic BiFeO3–BaTiO3 Ceramics by XAS Technique and Their Relevant Properties
Authors: Unruan Sujitra , Unruan Muangjai , Monnor Teerawat , Priya Shashank , Yimnirun Rattikorn 
Published: August 2015

The (1−x)BiFeO3‐xBaTiO3 (with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) ceramics were fabricated successfully by solid‐state reaction method. Single‐phase perovskite was obtained in all ceramics, as confirmed by XRD technique. It was observed that 0.7BiFeO3–0.3BaTiO3 was the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and cubic phases, as also revealed from ferroelectric and magnetic properties. The simulated and experimental X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) study revealed that BT in 0.75BF‐0.25BT is possibly taken a rhombohedral structure. Furthermore, the rounded ferroelectric hysteresis loops observed for 0.9BiFeO3–0.1BaTiO3 and 0.8BiFeO3–0.2BaTiO3 compositions could be attributed to their microstructure and surface charge effects and electron transfer between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions. It was also found that high dielectric constant of 0.9BiFeO3–0.1BaTiO3 composition was a result of grain and grain‐boundary effects, as observed in SEM micrographs. In addition, a strong signature of dielectric relaxation behavior was observed in this ceramic system with the activation energy 0.467 eV obtained from the Arrhenius' law. Finally, the local structure investigation with XAS technique provided additional information to better understand the electric and magnetic properties in the BF‐BT ceramic system.
How many markers are enough? Factors influencing parentage testing in different livestock populations
Authors: Strucken E.M. , Lee S.H. , Lee H.K. , Song K.D. , Gibson J.P. , Gondro C. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryReliability of parentage test panels is usually based on its power to exclude wrong parentage assignments based on allele frequencies. We evaluated the rates of false exclusions and inclusions in parentage assignments, and how these results are affected by allele frequencies, panel sizes and the number of allowed mismatches. We also evaluated the reliability of parentage testing by comparing populations with distinct genetic backgrounds using pure and composite families of cattle and sheep. Allowing for 1% genotype mismatches in true parent–offspring relations provided the best compromise between false‐positive and false‐negative assignments. Pure breeds needed at least 200–210 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to correctly assign relations, but between 700 and 890 markers to avoid assigning incorrect relationships. Composite breeds needed between 220 (sheep) and 500 (cattle) markers for correct assignment; 680 (cattle) to 4400 (sheep) SNPs were needed to eliminate false‐positive assignments. Allowing 0% genotype mismatches decreased false‐positive but increased false‐negative assignments, whilst a higher threshold of 2% showed the opposite effects. Panels with high minor allele frequencies (0.35–0.45) provided the best chance for correct parentage resolutions requiring fewer markers. Further, we propose that a dynamic threshold would allow adapting to population specific error rates. A comparison to the performance of the official International Society for Animal Genetics SNP panel for cattle and a recently published SNP panel for sheep showed that randomly selected markers performed only slightly worse for the applied parentage test based on opposing homozygotes. This suggests that even with carefully selected panels, only marginal assignment improvements are obtainable for a particular number of SNPs. The main point for improvement is the number of markers used. We recommend using at least 200 SNP markers for parentage testing if the aim is to reduce false‐negative results. To fully exclude false positives at least 700 markers are required.
Src regulates insulin secretion and glucose metabolism by influencing subcellular localization of glucokinase in pancreatic β‐cells
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Nagashima Kazuaki , Ogura Masahito , Sato Yuichi , Tahara Yumiko , Ogura Kasane , Yamano Gen , Sugizaki Kazu , Fujita Naotaka , Tatsuoka Hisato , Usui Ryota , Mukai Eri , Fujimoto Shimpei , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionSrc, a non‐receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates a wide range of cellular functions, and hyperactivity of Src is involved in impaired glucose metabolism in pancreatic β‐cells. However, the physiological role of Src in glucose metabolism in normal, unstressed β‐cells remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of Src in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism.Materials and MethodsSrc was downregulated using small interfering ribonucleic acid in INS‐1 cells, and glucose‐induced insulin secretion, adenosine triphosphate content, intracellular calcium concentration, glucose utilization and glucokinase activity were measured. Expression levels of messenger ribonucleic acid and protein of glucokinase were examined by semiquantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Cells were fractionated by digitonin treatment, and subcellular localization of glucokinase was examined by immunoblotting. Interaction between glucokinase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase was estimated by immunoprecipitation.ResultsIn Src downregulated INS‐1 cells, glucose‐induced insulin secretion was impaired, whereas insulin secretion induced by high K+ was not affected. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate content and elevation of intracellular calcium concentration by glucose stimulation were suppressed by Src downregulation. Src downregulation reduced glucose utilization in the presence of high glucose, which was accompanied by a reduction in glucokinase activity without affecting its expression. However, Src downregulation reduced glucokinase in soluble, cytoplasmic fraction, and increased it in pellet containing intaracellular organelles. In addition, interaction between glucokinase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase was facilitated by Src downregulation.ConclusionsSrc plays an important role in glucose‐induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β‐cells through maintaining subcellular localization and activity of glucokinase.
Should we implement mealtime assistance in the hospital setting? A systematic literature review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Tassone Eliza C , Tovey Jasmin A , Paciepnik Jessica E , Keeton Isabel M , Khoo Anthony Y , Van Veenendaal Nicholas G , Porter Judi 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesThis review aimed to determine the effect of mealtime assistance provided to hospitalised patients (≥65 years) by nurses, trained staff or volunteers on nutritional and anthropometric outcomes.BackgroundMalnutrition is a critical issue in hospitals with a reported prevalence of 20–50%. Nutritional supplementation has been associated with increased weight gain, improved function and decreased mortality; however, other system approaches including mealtime assistance may also contribute to improving nutritional intake.DesignA systematic literature review.MethodsSix electronic databases (CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, Scopus, PsycINFO and MEDLINE) were searched from their inception to August 2014. Inclusion criteria were hospitalised patients ≥65 years, provided mealtime assistance by nurses, volunteers or trained staff. Studies were examined for quality and risk of bias. Outcome data were combined narratively and by meta‐analyses.ResultsFrom 5458 publications, five studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were rated neutral and positive according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Checklist. Adherence to study protocols was not always reported. Meta‐analyses demonstrated significantly greater daily energy and protein intake where mealtime assistance was provided. Anthropometric outcomes generally did not differ significantly with mealtime assistance. Observation and sampling bias were noted in several studies.ConclusionsThere is evidence that mealtime assistance increases daily energy and protein intake in hospitalised patients (≥65 years). More robust research is needed to elucidate whether this strategy may be an effective means of addressing the high prevalence of malnutrition in hospitals.Relevance to clinical practiceThe evidence identified suggests that mealtime assistance provided to hospitalised older patients (≥65 years) leads to a statistically significant increase in energy and protein intake. For many patients, this increase in both energy and protein intake will be clinically significant, reducing the gap between requirements and actual intake.
Self‐efficacy and relevance of bioscience for nursing, midwifery and healthcare students
Authors: Andrew Sharon , McVicar Andrew , Zanganeh Mandana , Henderson Nigel 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesTo examine nursing, midwifery and allied healthcare students' self‐efficacy for science, perceived relevance of bioscience to their studies and expectations for academic success and the changes that occur after completing first‐year introductory bioscience subjects.BackgroundBioscience is a foundation subject that underpins nursing, midwifery and other allied health courses. Bioscience subjects continue to be source of anxiety for students in those courses. Raising students' self‐efficacy and perceptions of the importance and utility of bioscience to practice may be a way of ameliorating students' expectations and confidence in this subject area.DesignA prospective correlational survey design.MethodsStudents were surveyed in the first semester of first year and the commencement of the second year. Students were drawn from nursing, midwifery, public health and allied health courses. The surveys contained scales for self‐efficacy for science, perceived relevance of bioscience to their course and personal expectations for success in their bioscience subject.ResultsNinety‐seven and 82 students completed survey 1 and 2 respectively. Twenty‐six surveys could be matched. Self‐efficacy increased from survey 1 to survey 2, but expectations for academic success and task value, a measure for relevance, were lower. This was statistically significant for the matched pair sample. Using a mean split, students with high self‐efficacy valued science more and had higher expectations for success in their bioscience courses than those with low self‐efficacy.ConclusionAcademic success in bioscience, confidence undertaking science tasks and perceiving bioscience as relevant to their course are interwoven concepts that are important for nursing, midwifery and applied healthcare students and ultimately for their professional practice.Relevance to clinical practiceLiterature indicates practitioners may not feel confident in their bioscience knowledge. Assisting undergraduate students to develop confidence in and perceive the relevance of bioscience to their discipline may ultimately impact on clinical practice.
Influence of Functional and Diet/Light Claims on Chocolate Dairy Dessert Consumers' Evaluations: Bilinear and Multilinear Decomposition Methods
Authors: Morais E. C. , Pinheiro A. C. M. , Nunes C. A. , Bolini H. M. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect of functional and diet/light claims on acceptance of chocolate dairy desserts. One hundred consumers participated in the tests of sensory acceptability in relation to the attributes of appearance, aroma, flavor, texture and overall liking. Tests were conducted using the same composition of samples and varying only the claims. Internal Preference map using parallel factor analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using the consumer data. Data showed that consumers evaluated the claims differently. The samples with the addition of prebiotic claim and declaring the functional property of prebiotics were preferred by them. As the samples with the addition of diet/light claims, which received highest scores. It was concluded that the addition of claims may be suitable to be used in a chocolate dairy dessert with high acceptance by consumers.Practical ApplicationsThe role that food industry plays on people's everyday life is undeniable, as well as the importance of diet on the prevention of diseases and its association to health promotion. Food industry has amplified market by providing practical foods and goods for consumers’ convenience. The effect of information addition on the label of these foods is a study of great importance for food industries, as contributing to a better targeting of information, as the claims, and thus greater acceptance by consumers.
The journey of positioning self as both mental health nurse and qualitative researcher: a critical reflection
Authors: Brunero S. J. , Jeon Y. H. , Foster K. 
Published: August 2015

Accessible summary
This paper discusses the development of a mental health nurse clinician to a mental health nurse researcher.
Understanding the theoretical and professional drives that shape mental health nurses clinical practice and how that links to becoming a researcher is discussed.
Mental health nurses who conduct research have to often move between their clinical roles and that of the researcher, doing this safely using a reflective supervision approach enables the nurse to conduct the research from a stronger professional and ethical standpoint.
The intention of the paper is to encourage mental health nurses to engage in research and development.
AbstractShifting between the positions of a mental health nurse clinician and a qualitative researcher has some parallels to the processes in the nurse–service user relationship. This paper addresses this development from practitioner to researcher in one mental health nurse's journey through a PhD study using constructivist grounded theory. The paper examines theoretical and professional drives that have shaped my clinical practice and the role of the researcher in constructivist grounded theory, the notion of the researcher shifting between insider and outsider status, and the importance of reflexivity in conducting research. These influences will be discussed in the context of the development of a constructivist grounded theory study of the delivery of health care to service users with a mental illness in general hospital wards.
Atrial fibrillation in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Mwalitsa Jean P. , Maimone Sergio , Filomia Roberto , Alibrandi Angela , Saitta Carlo , Caccamo Gaia , Cacciola Irene , Spinella Rosaria , Oliva Giovanni , Lembo Tindaro , Vadalà Domenica , Gambino Giuseppe , Raimondo Giovanni , Squadrito Giovanni 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsFew information is available regarding atrial fibrillation in cirrhotic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and clinical impact of atrial fibrillation in these patients.MethodsThree hundred and thirty‐five cirrhotic patients (219 males; mean age 65 ± 10.85 years; 196 Child–Pugh class A, 104 class B and 35 class C) were consecutively analysed and followed up for 24 months. Electrocardiograms were available for all patients before starting the study, at basaltime and during the follow‐up. Echocardiography was performed in individuals with atrial fibrillation and in 100 randomly chosen patients without it.ResultsAtrial fibrillation was observed in 21/335 cirrhotics (mean age 75 ± 7 years, 13 male), six of whom had permanent and 15 had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. At univariate analysis, atrial fibrillation significantly correlated with older age, history of coronary heart disease, Child–Pugh score, serum albumin, hepatic encephalopathy, treatment with furosemide, QTc prolongation, atrial section areas, increased PAPs and thickness of interventricular septum. Age [odd ratio 1.12, 95% CI (1.05–1.2), P = 0.001], history of coronary heart disease [odd ratio 4.93, 95% CI (1.04–23.54), P = 0.04] and PAPs [odd ratio 1.12, 95% CI (1.02–1.2), P = 0.01] maintained statistical significance at multivariate analysis. Fifty‐one of the 335 patients died during the follow‐up. At Cox regression analysis, advanced Child–Pugh score [hazard ratio 1.546, 95% CI (1.357–1.762), P = 0.037] and increased heart rate [hazard ratio 1.117, 95% CI (1.021–1.223), P = 0.016] were significantly associated with mortality which was independent of atrial fibrillation occurrence.ConclusionsCirrhosis is not a predisposing factor of atrial fibrillation, which in turn has no impact on mortality in cirrhotic patients.
Driving the Hypoxia‐Inducible Pathway in Human Pericytes Promotes Vascular Density in an Exosome‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Mayo Jamie N. , Bearden Shawn E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe mechanisms involved in activating pericytes, cells that ensheath capillaries, to engage in the formation of new capillaries, angiogenesis, remain unknown. In this study, the hypothesis was tested that pericytes could be stimulated to promote angiogenesis by driving the HIF pathway.MethodsPericytes were stimulated with CoCl2 to activate the HIF pathway. Stimulated pericytes were cocultured with endothelial cells in a wound healing assay and in a 3D collagen matrix assay of angiogenesis. A culture system of spinal cord tissue was used to assess microvascular outcomes after treatment with stimulated pericytes. Pharmaceutical inhibition of exosome production was also performed.ResultsTreatment with stimulated pericytes resulted in faster wound healing (1.92 ± 0.18 fold increase, p < 0.05), greater endothelial cord formation (2.9 ± 0.14 fold increase, p < 0.05) in cell culture assays, and greater vascular density (1.78 ± 0.23 fold increase, p < 0.05) in spinal cord tissue. Exosome secretion and the physical presence of stimulated pericytes were necessary in the promotion of angiogenic outcomes.ConclusionsThese results elucidate a mechanism that may be exploited to enhance features of angiogenesis in the CNS.