bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting current and future global distributions of whale sharks
Authors: Sequeira Ana M. M. , Mellin Camille , Fordham Damien A. , Meekan Mark G. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Vulnerable (IUCN) whale shark spans warm and temperate waters around the globe. However, their present‐day and possible future global distribution has never been predicted. Using 30 years (1980–2010) of whale shark observations recorded by tuna purse‐seiners fishing in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, we applied generalized linear mixed‐effects models to test the hypothesis that similar environmental covariates predict whale shark occurrence in all major ocean basins. We derived global predictors from satellite images for chlorophyll a and sea surface temperature, and bathymetric charts for depth, bottom slope and distance to shore. We randomly generated pseudo‐absences within the area covered by the fisheries, and included fishing effort as an offset to account for potential sampling bias. We predicted sea surface temperatures for 2070 using an ensemble of five global circulation models under a no climate‐policy reference scenario, and used these to predict changes in distribution. The full model (excluding standard deviation of sea surface temperature) had the highest relative statistical support (wAICc = 0.99) and explained ca. 60% of the deviance. Habitat suitability was mainly driven by spatial variation in bathymetry and sea surface temperature among oceans, although these effects differed slightly among oceans. Predicted changes in sea surface temperature resulted in a slight shift of suitable habitat towards the poles in both the Atlantic and Indian Oceans (ca. 5°N and 3–8°S, respectively) accompanied by an overall range contraction (2.5–7.4% and 1.1–6.3%, respectively). Predicted changes in the Pacific Ocean were small. Assuming that whale shark environmental requirements and human disturbances (i.e. no stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions) remain similar, we show that warming sea surface temperatures might promote a net retreat from current aggregation areas and an overall redistribution of the species.
Tracking C and N dynamics and stabilization in soil amended with wheat residue and its corresponding bioethanol by‐product: a 13C/15N study
Authors: Cayuela Maria Luz , Kuikman Peter , Bakker Robert , van Groenigen Jan Willem 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRemoving agricultural cellulosic residues from fields for the production of ‘second generation biofuels'has the potential to profoundly alter C and N cycling in soil, increasing the risk of soil organic matter depletion and favoring soil–atmosphere gaseous exchanges. However, these negative impacts could potentially be offset by amending the soil with the solid by‐product which is generated during bioethanol production. In a 100 days laboratory study, we investigated the fate of C and N after soil amendment with doubly labeled (13C, 15N) wheat residue (WR) and the corresponding bioethanol by‐product (i.e. nonfermentable wheat residue NFWR) with and without extra N addition. Substituting WR with the corresponding amount of recovered bioethanol by‐product partially compensated the C losses of full crop residue removal. When the equivalent amount of C was added as WR and NFWR, NFWR‐derived C was found in significantly higher proportion in macroaggregates in soil (17.0 vs. 8.9%) after 100 days. Addition of both WR and NFWR reduced soil organic C (SOC) mineralization, i.e. it caused a negative priming effect in soil. However, this pattern was reversed when extra N was added. Both WR and NFWR increased the proportion of soil water‐stable macroaggregates from 16% (in control) to 20–24% (in the different treatments). The results suggest that the more recalcitrant compounds derived from bioethanol production may stabilize more strongly and persist within the protected fractions of SOM pools. Our study demonstrates that NFWR, compared with WR application, neither increased N2O emissions nor had a negative impact on aggregate formation in the midterm. This demonstrates that NFWR has potential for replenishing SOC stocks.
Save life and improve quality: Report from the 5th Congress of International Society for Hemodialysis
Authors: Chen Hung‐Chun , Lim Lee‐Moay , Chang Jer‐Ming , Misra Madhukar 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe 5th congress of International Society for Hemodialysis took place last August 3–5, 2012 at the Grand Hotel in Taipei and focused on “Save Life and Improve Quality.” It attracted a total of 927 participants from 18 countries. The full spectrum of hemodialysis was covered with plenary lectures and symposiums delivered by experts from different subspecialties in nephrology starting from the history of hemodialysis, mineral bone disease, microinflammation and advanced techniques in hemodialysis. It was followed by critical care in nephrology, anemia, and nutrition in dialysis. Last but not the least, natural disasters and medical economics in hemodialysis were also discussed extensively. This special article will highlight the authentic contributions and innovative clinical presentations from the meeting.
Efficient sweat reduction of three different antiperspirant application forms during stress‐induced sweating
Authors: Schmidt‐Rose T. , Lehmbeck F. , Bürger A. , Windisch B. , Keyhani R. , Max H. 
Published: July 2013

SynopsisObjectivesStress sweating can occur in everyday situations independently of thermally‐induced perspiration. It is triggered by emotionally challenging situations and leads to underarm wetness and a characteristic unpleasant malodor. In this study, we aimed to determine the long‐term efficacy of three unperfumed antiperspirant (AP) formulas for different application forms (roll‐on, stick, aerosol) against stress‐induced sweating and malodor formation.MethodsWe utilized the widely accepted Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to induce psychosocial stress in female and male volunteers (18 – 40 years) and determined physiological stress parameters. To additionally assess the efficacy of the test AP roll‐on against thermally‐induced sweating, a hot room study was performed.ResultsIncreasing heart rates and an augmentation of saliva cortisol levels during the TSST indicated a substantial stress reaction which was paralleled by a pronounced sweat production in the untreated axillae of both males and females. Forty‐eight hours after application, all three test APs significantly decreased the amount of sweat in the treated axillae independent of gender. With respect to AP effects on malodor production, trained sniffers assessed sweat samples collected during the TSST from the untreated axillae as significantly more malodorous than comparable samples from the AP‐treated axillae. Also, independent of gender the test AP roll‐on significantly decreased the thermally‐induced sweat in the AP‐treated axilla.ConclusionWe show for the first time a highly effective reduction of emotionally‐induced axillary sweating and malodor production for three different application forms 48 h after the last product use. The specially developed roll‐on, stick, and aerosol AP provide long‐term protection against stress‐induced sweat which is of high relevance in everyday life.
Exchanging Views: Knowledge Transfer Through Literary Translation
Authors: Wilson Rita 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTranslation supports cultural interaction by fostering mutual understanding and enabling people to access foreign cultures. Logically, translation also furthers knowledge transfer in a broad sense. Drawing on recent scholarship that focuses on the migration and mobility of literary products (Damrosch, 2003; Casanova, 2004), this article seeks to show that the knowledge generated by both the practice of translation and the interdisciplinary area of Translation Studies is a key factor in shaping the image of a national culture.
Insulin and IGF1 enhance IL‐17‐induced chemokine expression through a GSK3B‐dependent mechanism: a new target for melatonin's anti‐inflammatory action
Authors: Ge Dongxia , Dauchy Robert T. , Liu Sen , Zhang Qiuyang , Mao Lulu , Dauchy Erin M. , Blask David E. , Hill Steven M. , Rowan Brian G. , Brainard George C. , Hanifin John P. , Cecil Kate S. , Xiong Zhenggang , Myers Leann , You Zongbing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObesity is a chronic inflammation with increased serum levels of insulin, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17). The objective of this study was to test a hypothesis that insulin and IGF1 enhance IL‐17‐induced expression of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines through a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3B)‐dependent mechanism, which can be inhibited by melatonin. We found that insulin/IGF1 and lithium chloride enhanced IL‐17‐induced expression of C‐X‐C motif ligand 1 (Cxcl1) and C‐C motif ligand 20 (Ccl20) in the Gsk3b+/+, but not in Gsk3b−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. IL‐17 induced higher levels of Cxcl1 and Ccl20 in the Gsk3b−/− MEF cells, compared with the Gsk3b+/+ MEF cells. Insulin and IGF1 activated Akt to phosphorylate GSK3B at serine 9, thus inhibiting GSK3B activity. Melatonin inhibited Akt activation, thus decreasing P‐GSK3B at serine 9 (i.e., increasing GSK3B activity) and subsequently inhibiting expression of Cxcl1 and Ccl20 that was induced either by IL‐17 alone or by a combination of insulin and IL‐17. Melatonin's inhibitory effects were only observed in the Gsk3b+/+, but in not Gsk3b−/− MEF cells. Melatonin also inhibited expression of Cxcl1, Ccl20, and Il‐6 that was induced by a combination of insulin and IL‐17 in the mouse prostatic tissues. Further, nighttime human blood, which contained high physiologic levels of melatonin, decreased expression of Cxcl1, Ccl20, and Il‐6 in the PC3 human prostate cancer xenograft tumors. Our data support our hypothesis and suggest that melatonin may be used to dampen IL‐17‐mediated inflammation that is enhanced by the increased levels of insulin and IGF1 in obesity.
MicroRNA‐130a inhibits HCV replication by restoring the innate immune response
Authors: Li S. , Duan X. , Li Y. , Liu B. , McGilvray I. , Chen L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently pegylated interferon (IFN) combined with ribavirin remains the best therapeutic approach, although patients infected with HCV genotype I may benefit from adding protease inhibitors as ‘triple therapy’. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have recently been shown to play an important role in human innate immune response and as an antiviral in chimpanzees. We studied the effect of miR‐130a on the HCV replication. We found that miR‐130a significantly inhibits HCV replication in both HCV replicon and J6‐/JFH1‐infected cells. Over expression of miR‐130a upregulated the expression of type I IFN (IFN‐α/IFN ‐β), ISG15, USP18 and MxA, which are involved in innate immune response and decreased expression of miR‐122, a well‐defined miRNA promoting HCV production. In conclusion, miR‐130a inhibits HCV replication/production by restoring host innate immune responses and/or downregulating pro‐HCV miR‐122. miR‐130a might be a potential drug target by modulating host innate immune responses to combat HCV infection.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yokoyama S. , Takahashi S. , Kawakami Y. , Hayes C. N. , Kohno H. , Kohno H. , Tsuji K. , Aisaka Y. , Kira S. , Yamashina K. , Nonaka M. , Moriya T. , Kitamoto M. , Aimitsu S. , Nakanishi T. , Kawakami H. , Chayama K. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryChronic HCV–infected patients tend to have vitamin D deficiency, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may enhance the efficacy of treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). We therefore assessed the effects of vitamin D supplementation on viral response to PEG‐IFN/RBV. Eighty‐four patients with HCV genotype 1b were randomized, 42 to oral vitamin D supplementation (1000 IU/day) and 42 to nonsupplementation (control), from week 8 to the end of PEG‐IFN/RBV therapy. The primary end point was undetectable HCV RNA at week 24 (viral response [VR]). VR rate at week 24 was significantly higher in the vitamin D than in the control group (78.6% vs 54.8% P = 0.037). Adverse events were similar in both groups. When patients were subdivided by IL28B SNP rs8099917 genotype, those with the TT genotype group showed a significantly higher VR rate at week 24 with than without vitamin D supplementation (86.2% vs 63.3% vs P = 0.044). Although patients with the TG/GG genotype, who were relatively resistant to PEG‐IFN treatment, had similar VR rates at week 24 with and without vitamin D supplementation, the decline in viral load from week 8 to week 24 was significantly greater with than without vitamin D supplementation. Multivariate analysis showed that rs8099917 genotype and vitamin D supplementation contributed significantly to VR at week 24. SVR rates were similar in the vitamin D and control groups [64.3% (27/42) vs 50% (21/42), P = 0.19]. Vitamin D supplementation may enhance the effects of PEG‐IFN/RBV in HCV genotype 1b–infected patients.
Taurine‐induced insulin signalling improvement of obese malnourished mice is associated with redox balance and protein phosphatases activity modulation
Authors: Cappelli Ana P. , Zoppi Claudio C. , Barbosa‐Sampaio Helena C. , Costa José M. , Protzek André O. , Morato Priscila N. , Boschero Antonio C. , Carneiro Everardo M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsObese protein malnourished mice display liver insulin resistance and taurine (TAU) seems to attenuate this effect. The association between early‐life malnutrition and hepatic redox balance in diet‐induced insulin resistance is unknown. We investigated TAU supplementation effects upon liver redox state and insulin signalling in obese protein malnourished mice.MethodsWeaned male C57BL‐6 mice were fed a control (14% protein – C) or a protein‐restricted diet (6% protein – R) for 6 weeks. Afterwards, mice received a high‐fat diet (34% fat – HFD) for 8 weeks (CH – RH). Half of the HFD‐mice were supplemented with TAU (5%) throughout the treatment (CHT – RHT). Body and tissues' weight, respiratory quotient (RQ), glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, hepatic oxidant and antioxidant markers and insulin cascade proteins were assessed.ResultsProtein restriction leads to typical features whereas HFD was able to induce a catch‐up growth in RH. HFD‐groups showed higher energy intake and adiposity, lower energy expenditure and altered RQ. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were impaired in HFD‐groups and TAU attenuated these effects. H2O2 content was increased in CHT and RHT despite no differences in antioxidant enzymes and GSH concentration. AKT and PTEN phosphorylation were significantly increased in CHT but not in RHT.ConclusionOur data provide evidence for an association between TAU‐induced improved glycaemic control because of PTEN inactivation and higher AKT phosphorylation. These effects seem to be related with altered hepatic redox balance in obese mice, and this effect is impaired by protein malnutrition.
Cellular sources of cyclooxygenase‐1 and ‐2 up‐regulation in the spinal dorsal horn after spinal nerve ligation
Authors: Lau Yee Man , Wong Shing Chau , Tsang Sin Wah , Lau Wai Kit , Lu Ai Ping , Zhang HongQi 
Published: July 2013

AimsRecent studies suggested that the development of neuropathic pain associated with neural injury may be partly due to up‐regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the central nervous system. However, the cellular sources of COX‐1 and COX‐2 up‐regulation following nerve injury are unclear.MethodsWe investigated the spinal cellular sources of COX‐1 and COX‐2 in association with allodynia following L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL).ResultsPost‐SNL pain‐related behaviour was shown by increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. There was a significant increase in both COX‐1 and COX‐2 immunoreactivity (P < 0.01) on the ipsilateral side of spinal dorsal horn. Double immunofluorescence labelling demonstrated that COX‐1 immunoreactive cells colocalized chiefly with dorsal horn neuronal nuclei and microglia, whereas COX‐2 was expressed in neuronal cytoplasm.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that while spinal dorsal horn neurones are important source of COX‐1 and COX‐2 after nerve injury, microglia also contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, partly by producing additional COX‐1.
Environmental and physiological determinants of carbon isotope discrimination in terrestrial plants
Authors: Cernusak Lucas A. , Ubierna Nerea , Winter Klaus , Holtum Joseph A. M. , Marshall John D. , Farquhar Graham D. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryStable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of terrestrial plants are employed across a diverse range of applications in environmental and plant sciences; however, the kind of information that is desired from the δ13C signal often differs. At the extremes, it ranges between purely environmental and purely biological. Here, we review environmental drivers of variation in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in terrestrial plants, and the biological processes that can either damp or amplify the response. For C3 plants, where Δ is primarily controlled by the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations (ci/ca), coordination between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis and leaf area adjustment tends to constrain the potential environmentally driven range of Δ. For C4 plants, variation in bundle‐sheath leakiness to CO2 can either damp or amplify the effects of ci/ca on Δ. For plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), Δ varies over a relatively large range as a function of the proportion of daytime to night‐time CO2 fixation. This range can be substantially broadened by environmental effects on Δ when carbon uptake takes place primarily during the day. The effective use of Δ across its full range of applications will require a holistic view of the interplay between environmental control and physiological modulation of the environmental signal.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
Carbon isotope discrimination
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III.
The C3 photosynthetic pathway
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IV.
The C4 photosynthetic pathway
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V.
Crassulacean acid metabolism
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VI.
Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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Reference
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Can we predict severe reactions during peanut challenges in children?
Authors: van Erp Francine C. , Knulst André C. , Kentie Petra A. , Pasmans Suzanne. G. M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Meijer Yolanda 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundLimited and contrasting data are available about risk factors for severe reactions during double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). Knowing these risk factors would help to improve safety precautions and choosing the best setting for challenge. We assessed whether we could determine predictors for positive and severe food challenge outcome (FCO) with regular available patient data in children suspected for peanut allergy.MethodsA retrospective study in children referred for DBPCFC with peanut was performed during a 3‐year period. Reactions during challenge were classified as mild/moderate (Sampson's grade 1–3) and severe (Sampson's grade 4–5). We performed uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression to determine predictors for positive and severe FCO.ResultsA group of 225 children with a median age of 6.7 (IQR 5.0–9.5) years were studied. In 109 (48%) children, food challenge outcome was positive and 24 (11%) children developed a severe reaction. The level of sIgE for peanut OR 1.14 (1.08–1.20), male gender OR 0.40 (0.20–0.81), having another food allergy OR 0.43 (0.20–0.88), were independently related to positive FCO. No significant differences were found between children with severe and non‐severe FCO with respect to age, gender, asthma, sIgE, or previous reaction to peanut.ConclusionsAlthough predictors of positive FCO could be identified, none of the studied risk factors could predict a severe reaction during peanut challenge. When challenging a child sensitized to peanut, clinicians should be prepared and equipped to handle any reaction in all cases.
Presentation of New Edition of RCC M Code in 2012
Authors: Malouines Philippe 
Published: July 2013

The paper covers the general approach followed by AFCEN, the French Society for Design, Construction and In-Service Inspection Rules for Nuclear Island Components, in codes and standards, from the technical and organizational points of views. The RCC-M code is the major reference code in existence since the creation of AFCEN.
The presentation highlights how the industrial experience is currently integrated into the industrial codes, and how codes evolve taking into account the enlargement of AFCEN, new AFCEN organization rules, international environment, and international best practices. Processes for updates, interpretations and inquiries are addressed.
New 2012 Edition of the Code integrates addenda 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008 of 2007 Edition. Modification sheets of Addenda 2011 are detailed, in particular because this addendum will not be published, and will be directly integrated in 2012 Edition. Future evolutions are also addressed, giving the frame for the objective of new RCC-M addenda in 2013.
Closed Form Solutions for Stress Intensity Factor Coefficients for Circumferential ID Surface Flaws in Cylinders in ASME Section XI Appendix A
Authors: Cipolla Russell C. , Lee Darrell R. 
Published: July 2013

The stress intensity factor (KI) equations for a surface crack in ASME Section XI, Appendix A are based on non-dimensional coefficients (Gi) that allow for the calculation of stress intensity factors for a cubic varying stress field. Currently, the coefficients are in tabular format for the case of a surface crack in a flat plate geometry. The tabular form makes the computation of KI tedious when determination of KI for various crack sizes is pursued and a flat plate geometry is conservative when applied to a cylindrical geometry.
In this paper, closed-form equations are developed based on tabular data from API 579 (2007 Edition) [1] for circumferential cracks on the ID surface of cylinders. The closed-form equations provide G0 and G1 coefficients while G2 through G4 are obtained using a weight function representation for the KI solutions for a surface crack. These equations permit the calculation of the Gi coefficients without the need to perform tabular interpolation. The equations are complete up to a fourth order polynomial representation of applied stress, so that the procedures in Appendix A have been expanded. The fourth-order representation for stress will allow for more accurate fitting of highly non-linear stress distributions, such as those depicting high thermal gradients and weld residual stress fields.
It is expected that the equations developed in this paper will be added to the Appendix A procedures. With the inclusion of equations to represent Gi, the procedures of Appendix A for the determination of KI can be performed more efficiently without the conservatism of using flat plate solutions. This is especially useful in performing flaw growth calculations where repetitive calculations are required in the computations of crack size versus time.
The equations are relatively simple in format so that the KI computations can be performed by either spreadsheet analysis or by simple computer programming. The format of the equations is generic in that KI solutions for other geometries can be added to Appendix A relatively easily.