bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change impacts on zooplankton and benthic communities in Lake Unterer Giglachsee (Niedere Tauern Alps, Austria)
Authors: Luoto Tomi P. , Nevalainen Liisa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe examined a sediment core from a climatically sensitive High Alpine lake Unterer Giglachsee in the Niedere Tauern Alps in Austria. Our aim was to investigate long‐term climate change impacts on aquatic invertebrates (Chironomidae, Cladocera) with a special focus on the ending of the Little Ice Age and the present climate warming. Although the changes in faunal assemblages were relatively subtle through the sedimentary record, a mutual faunal breakpoint at ∼1900 AD was distinguished. In addition, the faunal dynamics correlated closely with instrumental Alpine temperature records and with reconstructed Northern Hemisphere climate development over the examined time period. In particular, significant relationships between relative taxa abundance and temperature were found with chironomids Sergentia, Paracladius, Paratanytarsus austriacus‐type, Cricotopus (I.) intersectus‐type, and Cricotopus cylindraceus‐type and with cladocerans Daphnia and Alonella excisa. Our results also suggested that the most recent assemblages represent unique community compositions. We conclude that our study lake is sensitive to climate warming and the composition of the aquatic ecosystem in Unterer Giglachsee has changed due to the impact of increasing temperatures. We predict that the further increasing temperatures will have direct but also cascading effects on the sensitive lake, potentially causing an ecosystem turnover where the key taxon Paracladius may play an important role.
Environmental control of emergence patterns: Case study of changes in hourly and daily emergence of aquatic insects at constant and variable water temperatures
Authors: Ivković Marija , Miliša Marko , Previšić Ana , Popijač Aleksandar , Mihaljević Zlatko 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine which environmental factors influence emergence of insects at two contrasting habitats: one with constant and one with variable water temperature. We hypothesized that emergence of holometabolous insects is triggered by water temperature where temperature variations occur, while light is the main stimulus for emergence at site with constant water temperature. We expected that for the emergence of hemimetabolous insects, some additional environmental stimuli might be required. We also expected weather conditions to be more important at sites that lack variations in water temperature. To test our hypotheses we placed six pyramid‐type emergence traps at the two sites. Emergent aquatic insects were collected at 8‐h intervals over a 13‐day period, during peak emergence for most of the target species. Most taxa emerged during the afternoon at both sites. Only Hydropsyche saxonica/instabilis emerged nocturnally. At the site with constant water temperature, emergence of Drusus croaticus was stimulated by length of sunlight period. Emergence of Protonemura auberti was promoted by higher air temperature and humidity of the day before. Brachyptera tristis emerged in higher numbers when humidity and cloudiness were high the preceding day. At site with variable water temperature, an increase in water temperature, with a threshold at 16°C, was a significant factor for the emergence of Hemerodromia unilineata. This study gives new insight into the complexity of relationships between aquatic insect emergence patterns and environmental drivers, and show that light and weather conditions trigger emergence of most insects under constant water temperature conditions, while temperature is a dominant trigger at variable water temperature habitat.
“What's the Catch?”: Providing Reading Choice in a High School Classroom
Authors: Morgan Denise N. , Wagner Christopher W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe idea of offering students choice in their reading materials is not new yet this is not occurring in many high school classrooms. Researchers have identified many academic and personal benefits when students are allowed to choose their own reading materials, including more engagement with reading. This article describes one high school teacher's experiences implementing a three‐week reading choice unit to his sophomore English classes. We highlight how he structured this experience and the instructional decisions he made while teaching students all of whom were reading a different book. In addition, we examine the students’ responses to this three week experience.
Nanosilver suppresses growth and induces oxidative damage to DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hunt Piper Reid , Marquis Bryce J. , Tyner Katherine M. , Conklin Sean , Olejnik Nicholas , Nelson Bryant C. , Sprando Robert L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTStudies on the effects of nanomaterial exposure in mammals are limited, and new methods for rapid risk assessment of nanomaterials are urgently required. The utility of Caenorhabditis elegans cultured in axenic liquid media was evaluated as an alternative in vivo model for the purpose of screening nanomaterials for toxic effects. Spherical silver nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter (10nmAg) were used as a test material, and ionic silver from silver acetate as a positive control. Silver uptake and localization, larval growth, morphology and DNA damage were utilized as endpoints for toxicity evaluation. Confocal reflection analysis indicated that 10nmAg localized to the lumen and tissues of the digestive tract of C. elegans. 10nmAg at 10 µg ml–1 reduced the growth of C. elegans larvae, and induced oxidative damage to DNA as measured by 8‐OH guanine levels. Consistent with previously published studies using mammalian models, ionic silver suppressed growth in C. elegans larvae to a greater extent than 10nmAg. Our data suggest that medium‐throughput growth screening and DNA damage analysis along with morphology assessments in C. elegans could together provide powerful tools for rapid toxicity screening of nanomaterials. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sorption properties of chelating polymer–clay nano‐composite resin based on iminodiacetic acid and montmorillonite: water absorbency, metal ion uptake, selectivity, and kinetics
Authors: Urbano Bruno F. , Rivas Bernabé L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis paper presents the study of the sorption performance of a novel poly[N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐iminodiacetic acid)‐montmorillonite nano‐composite. The composite was obtained through in situ polymerization of the previously synthesized monomer N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐iminodiacetic acid in the presence of organic‐modified montmorillonite and N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide.RESULTSThe water uptake of the nanocomposites increased with increasing montmorillonite content. Metal ion retention studies as a function of montmorillonite content showed an unexpected trend in which the adsorption capacities decreased as the montmorillonite content increased. Selectivity experiments reveals that composites present a certain selectivity towards Cu2+ and that montmorillonite content does not provide selectivity to the composite. Kinetic experiments were conducted using a Cu2+ aqueous solution at pH 5.0 and it was observed that after 60 min contact the maximum retention is reached. Kinetics and diffusion models reveal that the metal ion retention occurs mainly at the surface of resin particles, suggesting a film diffusion process.CONCLUSIONThe nano‐composite showed the ability to remove metal ions. The process can be described by a Langmuir isotherm, whereas kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo‐second‐order model could describe the sorption process. The intra‐particle diffusion model suggests that sorption mechanism is film diffusion. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental study on ethanol production from hydrothermal pretreated rapeseed straw by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Authors: López‐Linares Juan C. , Romero Inmaculada , Cara Cristóbal , Ruiz Encarnación , Castro Eulogio , Moya Manuel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDRapeseed straw is an agricultural residue increasingly produced in recent years due to a growing interest in biodiesel production. In the present study, rapeseed straw pretreated by liquid hot water was tested as a substrate to optimize ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Temperature, time, substrate loading and cellulase charge were selected as operation variables and modified according to a three‐level four‐variable experimental design. Ethanol concentration, ethanol yield and volumetric productivity were monitored and adjusted to a quadratic model using response surface methodology.RESULTSOptimal SSF conditions, based on the mathematical model in terms of ethanol yield and concentration, were found to be 40°C, 71 h, 10% substrate loading, and 40 FPU g−1 substrate. The resulting ethanol concentration was 23 g L−1, which corresponds to 69% ethanol yield.CONCLUSIONLiquid hot water is an effective pretreatment that increased the cellulose concentration of rapeseed straw, making it a good substrate for SSF, with a maximum yield of 0.12 g ethanol g–1 dry straw. The novel combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and SSF configuration results in yields comparable yields with those previously reported, and has additional advantages, e.g. no chemicals use and high solid concentration operation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Metapodial or Phalanx? An Evolutionary and Developmental Perspective on the Homology of the First Ray's Proximal Segment
Authors: RENO PHILIP L. , HORTON WALTER E. , LOVEJOY C. Owen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe first mammalian metapodial (MP1) has periodically been argued to actually be a phalanx, because the first ray has one less element than the four posterior rays, and because the MP1 growth plate is proximal like those of all phalanges, rather than distal as in metapodials 2–5. However, growth plates are formed at both ends in non‐therian tetrapod metapodials, and phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that growth plate loss is a therian synapomorphy that postdates the establishment of the mammalian phalangeal formula. These data, along with results of developmental and morphological studies, suggest that the MP1 is not a phalanx. The singular, proximal growth plates in MPs 2–5 are likely to be an adaptation to dynamic erect quadrupedal gait which was characterized by conversion of the posterior metapodials into rigid struts with the carpus/tarsus. While the adaptive significance of the reversed ossification of MP1 is less clear, we present three functional/developmental hypotheses. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:276–285, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intersatellite calibration of NOAA HIRS CO2 channels for climate studies
Authors: Chen Ruiyue , Cao Changyong , Paul Menzel W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe 30 years of observations from the High‐Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) longwave CO2 channels aboard the NOAA series of satellites are being used to detect climatological changes of cloud. However, the intersatellite radiance discrepancies in the channels need to be removed for the development of a consistent cloud series using HIRS data. By analyzing the intersatellite radiance comparisons at simultaneous‐nadir‐overpass locations for HIRS longwave CO2 channels onboard the NOAA and MetOp series of satellites, this study optimizes the spectral response functions (SRF) for each HIRS to generate a more consistent long‐term set of observations. Intersatellite radiance biases as large as 5% are found for these channels; the spectral differences and spectral uncertainties are shown to be the main causes. To estimate the radiance change for a specific channel due to SRF difference and uncertainty, a linear model is developed to correlate the radiance change for the channel being analyzed with the spectral radiances in the eight selected HIRS channels. The hyperspectral measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on the MetOp satellite are used to simulate HIRS observations and estimate the parameters of the linear models. The linear models are applied to the NOAA and MetOp HIRS data at simultaneous‐nadir‐overpass locations to estimate the intersatellite radiance differences due to the SRF differences and uncertainties. The intersatellite mean radiance biases are minimized toward zero with residual maximum uncertainty less than 1% after the SRF differences and uncertainties are mitigated. Using the MetOp Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer as a reference, the optimized SRFs for every NOAA HIRS are found by effectively minimizing the root‐mean‐square values of the intersatellite radiance differences. The optimized shifts of the SRF can be as large as 3 cm−1.
Sources of terrigenous inputs to surface sediments of the Colville River Delta and Simpson's Lagoon, Beaufort Sea, Alaska
Authors: Schreiner Kathryn M. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Eglinton Timothy I. , Allison Mead A. , Hanna Andrea J. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe provenance of sediments and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the Colville River delta and adjacent Simpson's Lagoon, in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, was investigated using a variety of bulk and molecular techniques, including stable and radiocarbon isotopes, neodymium isotopes, algal pigments, and lignin‐phenols. Additionally, stable carbon isotopes and lignin‐phenols were analyzed on four different density fractions from sediments. The Colville River, the largest river in North America with a watershed exclusively located in the high‐Arctic tundra, was an important source of terrestrial POC to the western edge of the Lagoon, shown by extremely old radiocarbon ages (fraction modern of 0.165 ± 0.001 close to the river mouth up to 0.418 ± 0.002 farther away). Stations without northern protective barrier islands had large amounts of marine POC input, and evidence of benthic microalgae was found in one area of the Lagoon (chlorophyll‐a concentration 35.0 µg gOC−1 in the high‐algal biomass area compared to 1 to 7 µg gOC−1 outside of it). Stations in the middle and eastern end of the Lagoon showed significant sediment input from coastal erosion (input of peat‐indicating non‐lignin‐phenols 0.079 mg (100mgOC)−1 in the eastern lagoon compared to 0.022 mg (100mgOC)−1 near the Colville delta), and on the eastern end of the Lagoon there was evidence of input of Mackenzie River POC, shown with neodymium isotopes and also COP. POC inputs derived from rivers, coastal erosion, and marine productivity were quantified using a ternary mixing model and showed that fluvial supply and coastal erosion were the dominant carbon sources to the Lagoon. This constitutes the first study of POC delivery by the Colville River into a nearshore region and illustrates that continued warming of the high Arctic tundra will likely lead to increased riverine POC delivery to this region of the world.
The use of X‐shaped cross‐link in posterior spinal constructs improves stability in thoracolumbar burst fracture: A finite element analysis
Authors: Alizadeh Mina , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul , Fadhli Miskon Mohd , Fallahiarezoodar Ali , Azmi Baharudin , Murali Malliga Raman , Kamarul Tunku 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPosterior instrumentation is a common fixation method used to treat thoracolumbar burst fractures. However, the role of different cross‐link configurations in improving fixation stability in these fractures has not been established. A 3D finite element model of T11‐L3 was used to investigate the biomechanical behavior of short (2 level) and long (4 level) segmental spine pedicle screw fixation with various cross‐links to treat a hypothetical L1 vertebra burst fracture. Three types of cross‐link configurations with an applied moment of 7.5 Nm and 200 N axial force were evaluated. The long construct was stiffer than the short construct irrespective of whether the cross‐links were used (p < 0.05). The short constructs showed no significant differences between the cross‐link configurations. The XL cross‐link provided the highest stiffness and was 14.9% stiffer than the one without a cross‐link. The long construct resulted in reduced stress to the adjacent vertebral bodies and screw necks, with 66.7% reduction in bending stress on L2 when the XL cross‐link was used. Thus, the stability for L1 burst fracture fixation was best achieved by using long segmental posterior instrumentation constructs and an XL cross‐link configuration. Cross‐links did not improved stability when a short structure was used. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1447–1454, 2013
A Modified Technique of End‐to‐End Pancreaticojejunostomy With Transpancreatic Interlocking Mattress Sutures
Authors: Wang Min , Zhu Feng , Wang Xin , Tian Rui , Shi Chengjian , Shen Ming , Xu Meng , Han Juan , Luo Niannian , Qin Renyi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) represents the most important cause of morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and contributes to prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality rates. This study presents a new technique, which involves end‐to‐end pancreaticojejunostomy with transpancreatic interlocking mattress sutures, and evaluates its safety and reliability.MethodsFrom January 2011 to May 2012, 79 patients with periampullary malignancies underwent PD by using this modified technique, and the morbidity and mortality rates were calculated.ResultsIn this study, all cases recovered well from PD. Four transpancreatic interlocking mattress sutures were performed in 79 patients. The median duration of surgery was 3.9 hr (range 3.1–6.8), and the median time to perform pancreaticojejunostomy was 15.3 min (range 9–24). Overall, morbidity occurred in 16 patients (22.3%), and the causes included upper gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 2), biliary fistula (n = 1), pulmonary infection (n = 1), delayed gastric emptying (n = 1), abdominal abscess (n = 1, caused by PF), wound infection (n = 3), arrhythmia or myocardial infarction (n = 3), urinary tract infection (n = 2), and POPF (n = 2, 2.53%). One patient had grade A POPF, one had grade B POPF, and none of them had grade C POPF. No death occurred during surgery.ConclusionThe end‐to‐end pancreaticojejunostomy with transpancreatic interlocking mattress sutures is a simple, rapid, safe, and reliable technique with low POPF rate and low delayed massive hemorrhage rate. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 9999:XX–XX. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:783–788. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surgery for Metastasis to the Pancreas: Is it Safe and Effective?
Authors: Niess Hanno , Conrad Claudius , Kleespies Axel , Haas Florian , Bao Qi , Jauch Karl‐Walter , Graeb Christian , Bruns Christiane J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic metastases are rare and only sparse data exists on treatment options. After recent advances in pancreatic surgery, metastasectomies have become promising treatment alternatives.MethodsTwenty‐six patients underwent pancreatic metastasectomy between 1991 and 2010 at our institution. Data was evaluated retrospectively.ResultsRenal cell carcinoma was the most common origin of pancreatic metastases (n = 16; 62%). Other primaries include gall bladder carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, colon cancer (all n = 2), and others. The median time interval between primary tumor and pancreatic resection was 5.3 years [0–24]. Eleven pancreatic head resections (42%), fourteen distal pancreatectomies (54%), and one total pancreatectomy were performed (4%). The estimated 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 73.2% and 52.3%, respectively. The estimated median overall survival was 63 months (CI: 37.8–88.1 months). There' was no perioperative death. The complication rate and relaparotomy rate was 31% and 19%, respectively. Patients suffering from synchronous metastases at the time of pancreatic surgery had a statistically significant shorter median overall survival time (11 months vs. 64 months).ConclusionsDespite the operative risk involved, we believe that pancreatic resection should be considered in selected patients with good performance status, stable disease and isolated pancreatic metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:859–864. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Systems for Laser Cladding
Authors: Lester Sam , Longfield Nick , Griffiths Justin , Cocker John , Staudenmaier Christian , Broadhead Gary 
Published: May 2013

AbstractComponents used in the manufacture of steel strip work in exceptionally aggressive environments and have to withstand service at high temperatures in corrosive atmospheres under mechanical wear and frequent and heavy impact loading. Conventionally, components that are subject to high wear or corrosion have often been manufactured from rich chemistry steels or hardfaced using submerged arc clad martensitic stainless steels to increase their campaign life and therefore maximise line throughput by extending maintenance intervals without any sacrifice to product quality.
Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Racemic β‐Butyrolactone Promoted by Salan‐ and Salen‐Type Yttrium Amido Complexes
Authors: Pappalardo Daniela , Bruno Massimo , Lamberti Marina , Pellecchia Claudio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of yttrium amido complexes bearing quadridentate binaphthyl‐bridged Schiff‐base salen‐like and diamine bisphenolate salan‐like ligands are synthesized and characterized. The complexes act as active initiators in the polymerization of rac‐β‐butyrolactone (rac‐BBL) under mild conditions. The obtained poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHBs) are syndiotactic enriched. 13C NMR spectroscopy microstructure analysis shows the probability of racemic linkages Pr to be up to 0.81. Statistical Bernoullian analysis evidences that a chain‐end mechanism of steric control operates for the salan‐like compound bearing cumyl substituents in the ortho position of the phenolate rings. The melting temperatures of the syndiotactic enriched PHBs are in the range 120–157 °C, depending on the degree of stereoregularity of the polymers.
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A Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐Copolyester: Synthesis of a Novel Graft Copolymer Containing Adamantane Moieties as Guest for Cyclodextrin
Authors: Stöhr Olesja , Winsberg Jan , Ritter Helmut 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA novel graft copolymer is synthesized from commercially available poly(vinyl alcohol) using ring‐opening polymerization. For the polymerization reaction of novel brush‐like poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graft‐poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐(3‐/7‐(prop‐2‐ynyl)oxepan‐2‐one) 5 Sn(Oct)2 is used as a catalyst. The formation of the graft copolymer is confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the modification of the novel synthesized graft copolymer via a “click” reaction to implement adamantane groups is described. The success of the “click” reaction is proven by 1H NMR spectroscopy and visualized by decomplexation of cyclodextrin with included phenolphthalein.
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Development of New Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization System by Iron (III)‐Metal Salts Without Using any External Initiator and Reducing Agent
Authors: Khan Mohd Yusuf , Chen Xiangxiong , Lee Seung Woo , Noh Seok Kyun 
Published: May 2013

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalyzed by high oxidation state metal salts of FeX3 is developed for the first time in the absence of both external initiator and reducing agent. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene are polymerized successfully using FeX3/Phosphorous ligands with well‐controlled molecular weight distributions (=1.5). The molecular weight of the polymers increases with monomer consumption with the progress of time and the polymerization behaviors show a decent ATRP trend. Activators and initiators are suggested to generate in situ by the addition reaction of MMA and one equivalent of FeX3. The PMMA synthesized from without‐initiator system is characterized by 1H, 13C and DEPT (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer nuclear magnetic resonance) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chain extension and copolymerization experiments prove the livingness of the obtained polymer.
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