bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the social structure of kinship members in the Central Plains during the Late Shang and Western Zhou dynasties in China: A stable isotopic study on the Xisima site
Authors: Geng Hengmeng , Du Xin , Wei Qingli , Guo Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKinship plays a role at the grassroots of social organization, especially in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which is an important research topic in China. However, the relationship between diet and the social status of kinship and kinship members has been little explored in previous studies. In this article, 52 skeletal bone collagen samples from humans and buried dogs from three different kinships in the Xisima cemetery in China were analysed by stable C and N isotope analysis to reveal dietary strategies, and thus explore subsistence patterns and social structure. Overall, the mean human δ13C was −8.4‰ ± 1.3‰ (n = 44), with a range of −10.0‰ to −7.4‰, and the mean δ15N was 9.0‰ ± 0.7‰ (n = 44), with a wide range of 7.9–11.1‰, which shows that C4 food dominates people’s diet, and that their diet was varied. There are differences in diet and rank among different kinships. Similar situations exist among kinship members based on platforms. Along with previous research, this study provides unprecedented dietary details of different social stratification from martyrs, common people and small nobles to high‐ranking nobles in order to better understand the hierarchical Shang and Zhou dynasties society based on kinship.
Hippocampal temporal dynamics and spatial heterogeneity unveil vulnerability markers in the offspring of bipolar patients
Authors: Saccaro Luigi F. , Delavari Farnaz , Van De Ville Dimitri , Piguet Camille 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable disorder characterized by emotion dysregulation and recurrent oscillations between mood states. Despite the proven efficacy of early interventions, vulnerability markers in high‐risk individuals are still lacking. BD patients present structural alterations of the hippocampus, a pivotal hub of emotion regulation networks composed of multiple subregions with different projections. However, the hippocampal dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in BD remains unclear. We aim to investigate whether the dFC of hippocampal subdivisions differentiates BD patients, offspring of BD patients (BDoff), and healthy controls (HC); and whether it correlates with symptoms differently between these groups.MethodsWe studied for the first time the dFC of the hippocampus through a cutting‐edge micro‐co‐activation patterns (μCAPs) analysis of resting‐state functional MRI data of 97 subjects (26 BD, 18 BDoff, 53 HC). μCAPs allow a data‐driven differentiation within the seed region.ResultsdFC between the hippocampal body and a somatomotor‐μCAP was lower both in BD patients (p‐valueFDR:0.00015) and in BDoff (p‐valueFDR:0.020) than in HC. Inversely, dFC between the hippocampal head and a limbic‐μCAP was higher in BD patients than in HC (p‐valueFDR: 0.005). Furthermore, the correlations between a frontoparietal‐μCAP and both depression and emotion dysregulation symptoms were significantly higher in BD than HC (p‐valueFDR <0.02).ConclusionOverall, we observed alterations of large‐scale functional brain networks associated with decreased cognitive control flexibility and disrupted somatomotor, saliency, and emotion processing in BD. Interestingly, BDoff presented an intermediate phenotype between BD and HC, suggesting that dFC of hippocampal subregions might represent a marker of vulnerability to BD.
Overpressure‐driven hydrofracture growth in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Wang Qing , Sun Qiliang , You Kehua , Foschi Martino 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOverpressure‐driven hydrofracturing pervasively occurs in sedimentary basins worldwide. Hydrofracture zones can vertically penetrate several kilometres of rocks and are dominant pathways for basin‐scale fluid migration and energy circulations. Although hydrofracture zones have been extensively described and analysed in the literature, the mechanisms on how hydrofracture zones form and evolve are still poorly understood. In this study, we explore the formation and evolution of a hydrofracture zone in the northern South China Sea, using numerical models constrained by borehole and seismic data. We show that the radius of hydrofracture zone decreases with the strata permeability. The growth of hydrofracture zone is mainly controlled by rock density (), pressure at the origin of hydrofracture zone (pb), Poisson's ratio (v), and the radius of the hydrofracture zone at its origin (r). Moreover, as the hydrofracture zone grows, a transition layer forms between the overpressured hydrofracture zone and the overlying hydrostatic pressure zone. The thickness of this transition layer is controlled by strata permeability, strata thickness, overpressure, and pressure gradient within the hydrofracture zone. This study quantitatively explores the development and evolution of overpressure‐driven hydrofractures for the first time, and has wide applications in geohazard assessment, hydrocarbon exploration, carbon circulation, and climatic change.
Tropical cities as windows into the ecosystems of our present and future
Authors: Bonebrake Timothy C. , Tsang Toby P. N. , Yu Nicole , Wang Yifu , Ledger Martha J. , Tilley Hannah B. , Yau Eugene Y. H. , Andersson Astrid A. , Boyle Michael J. W. , Lee Kit W. K. , Li Qiaosi , Ling Yuet Fung , Dongmo Michel A. K. , Güçlü Coşkun , Dingle Caroline , Ashton Louise A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrban ecology and tropical biology have both developed rapidly in recent decades and matured into important interdisciplinary fields, with significant implications for biodiversity and human communities globally. However, urban ecosystems within the tropics remain understudied and poorly characterized despite these systems representing major hotspots for both biodiversity and human population growth. Here we review the state of the field of “tropical urban ecology.” We first evaluated and propose ecological hypotheses about how tropical versus extratropical species and ecosystems might differ from one another in how they respond to urbanization pressures. While data remain limited, we expect that tropical biodiversity should be at least as vulnerable to urbanization (and potentially more vulnerable) than extratropical biodiversity. We also examined the importance of ecosystem services in tropical cities and demonstrate the challenges in quantifying, managing, and sustaining these across diverse socioeconomic and environmental contexts. Finally, we propose an agenda for moving the field of tropical urban ecology forward through an interdisciplinary lens that synthesizes recent advances in both urban ecology and tropical biology. Specifically, advances and development in community science, Earth observation, environmental justice, One Health, and land sparing/sharing strategies could lead to major steps forward in the conservation of biodiversity in tropical cities. As the world urbanizes increasingly in biodiverse‐rich tropical ecosystems, we must have strong conceptual frameworks and increased data/attention on both the ecological and human communities most impacted by these significant global changes.
Intracellular infection of Cutibacterium acnes in macrophages of extensive peri‐implantitis lesions: A clinical case series
Authors: Park Jin‐Young , Han Dawool , Park Yuan , Cho Eunae Sandra , In Yook Jong , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCutibacterium acnes is a facultative anaerobic, gram‐positive rod, and a commensal bacterium of the body surface including oral cavity. A causal relationship between C. acnes and chronic granulomatous diseases, such as sarcoidosis and orthopedic implant‐associated infections, has been previously reported. Typically, C. acnes has been observed inside macrophages, allowing evasion of host immunity, and triggering a persistent inflammatory response. However, such findings have not been reported in peri‐implantitis lesions. In this case series, we collected inflamed tissues from extensive peri‐implantitis lesions of eight patients. Out of the eight samples, seven tested positive for the 16 s rRNA gene of C. acnes by polymerase chain reaction, and six were positive by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of C. acnes in the cytoplasm of macrophages, suggesting a role in lesion formation. This finding may enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of persistent peri‐implantitis lesions and provide implications for future therapy.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors on major liver outcomes in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Shen Tsung‐Hua , Aby Elizabeth S. , Vock David , Farley Joel F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the effectiveness of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4is) on major liver outcomes (MLO) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).Materials and MethodsWe included adult patients with T2D and MASLD, using metformin without specific liver conditions or surgeries, from the Merative MarketScan database. Patients initiating SGLT2is or DPP4is from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2022 were identified. The primary outcome was time to MLO diagnosis. Overlap weighting balanced covariates, integrated with a Cox proportional hazards model for survival analysis.ResultsAmong 44 651 patients, 22 100 initiated SGLT2is, and 22 551 began DPP4is. After weighting, the incidence rate of MLO in the SGLT2i group was 3.8 per 1000 person‐years, and it was 3.9 per 1000 person‐years in the DPP4i group, resulting in an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.60‐1.10). SGLT2i initiation was not associated with cirrhosis (aHR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.55‐1.06) or hepatocellular carcinoma (aHR: 0.99; 95% CI, 0.47‐1.83) separately. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses did not yield significant results.ConclusionsIn patients with T2D and MASLD, SGLT2is did not show a lower risk of MLO compared with DPP4is. Clinicians should consider the overall patient conditions and the additional benefits of SGLT2is to support the decision to switch from DPP4is.
The quantity of deposited environmental DNA in plant–arthropod interactions depends on taxon, abundance and interaction time
Authors: Friedrich Sarah , De Vivo Mattia , Baden Christian Ulrich , Grevé Michael E. , Maus Christian , Udelhoven Thomas , Krehenwinkel Henrik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding holds great promise as a simple and efficient tool to detect plant–insect interactions. However, the influence of both abiotic and biotic factors on eDNA deposition in these interactions is not well understood. It especially remains to be tested how much eDNA abundances reflect the frequency or intensity of interactions between insects and plants.
We experimentally analysed the quantitative deposition of eDNA from three insect species (the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula, the mustard beetle Phaedon cochleariae and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda) on leaves of two host plants of varying attractiveness: savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, preferred host) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, less preferred host). We tested for the effects of insect taxonomy, host plant, exposure time and abundances of interacting insects on the plant material.
Our data show a clear quantitative ecological signal in eDNA deposition. Insect abundance and interaction time are reflected in the amount of deposited eDNA. Moreover, significantly more eDNA was deposited on cabbage, the preferred host plant. Besides these ecological drivers, a very strong taxonomic eDNA deposition bias between different insect taxa was observed.
eDNA detection is strongly influenced by the ecological interactions of the targeted taxa, highlighting the utility of the tool to specifically detect trophic interactions between plants and arthropods. However, taxonomic biases in eDNA deposition preclude comparative analyses of interactions at the community level.
Environmental Sustainability in Oral Health Professional Education: Approaches, Challenges, and Drivers—ADEE Special‐Interest Group Report
Authors: Dixon Jonathan , Field James , van Harten Maria , Duane Brett , Martin Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis paper reports on the scholarship activity of the ‘Sustainability in Dentistry’ Special‐interest Group (SiG), which met at the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) annual conference in Liverpool on 25 August 2023. The aim of this study was to (i) identify current teaching practices and approaches to embedding Environmental Sustainability (ES) in the curriculum in ADEE attendee schools and (ii) explore existing barriers/challenges to incorporating ES in dental education and consider potential solutions.MethodologyA mixed‐methods approach was used to fulfil the aims of this study. A pre‐workshop questionnaire was used to explore current teaching practices, challenges and drivers of embedding ES in the curriculum. An interactive workshop at the in‐person meeting in Liverpool was used to propose key strategies to overcome the most frequent challenges to embedding ES in the curriculum.ResultsThe majority of respondents (56%) reported that their institutions do not currently teach ES. Traditional didactic forms of teaching were mostly reported to teach ES in non‐clinical environments, and a transition to more environmentally sustainable materials and instruments was the most popular response for clinical teaching. Key barriers to embedding ES in the curriculum were identified, including time constraints and the overloaded curriculum, a lack of expertise/knowledge to teach and lack of practical guidance to support educators, limited learning resources for staff and students and resistance from colleagues regarding the relevance of ES in dentistry. The special‐interest group participants proposed strategies to overcome these challenges that centred around 14 themes.ConclusionThis paper reports recent scholarship activity by ADEE's ‘Sustainability in Dentistry’ SiG. Key strategies for overcoming the most common challenges to embedding ES in the curriculum are also discussed.
Investigating the acute effect of low and moderate intensity aerobic exercise on whole‐body task learning and cognition in young adults
Authors: Yildirim Muhammed Seref , Guclu‐Gunduz Arzu , Ozkul Cagla , Korkmaz Selcuk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown that a single bout of exercise has acute improvements on various forms of memory, including procedural motor learning, through mechanisms such as the plasticity‐promoting effect. This study aimed to examine (1) the acute effects of timing and intensity of aerobic exercise on the acquisition and retention of motor learning in healthy adults, (2) the effect of sleep quality of the night before and after acquisition on motor learning, and (3) the acute effects of low and moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive functions. Seventy‐five healthy adults were divided into five groups: Two groups performed low or moderate intensity aerobic exercise before motor practice; two groups performed low or moderate intensity aerobic exercise after motor practice; the control group only did motor practice. Low‐ and moderate‐intensity exercises consisted of 30 min of running at 57%–63% and 64%–76% of the maximum heart rate, respectively. Motor learning was assessed using a golf putting task. The sleep quality of the night before and after the acquisition was evaluated using the Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed before and after aerobic exercise using the Paced Auditory Serial Acquisition Task test. Results indicated that all groups demonstrated acquisition, 1‐day and 7‐day retention at a similar level (p > 0.05). Regression analysis revealed no significant relationship between sleep quality on the night before the experimental day and total acquisition (p > 0.05). However, a positive correlation was found between the sleep quality on the night of the experimental day and both 1‐day and 7‐day retention (p < 0.05). A single bout of low or moderate acute exercise did not modify motor skill acquisition and retention. Other results showed the importance of night sleep quality on the retention and proved that a single bout of moderate intensity exercise was associated with improved cognitive function.
Endothelium‐related biomarkers and cognitive decline in prevalent hemodialysis patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Libório Alexandre Braga , de Medeiros Camila Maroni Marques Freire , Santos Leticia Libório , de Andrade Luana Silveira , Meneses Gdayllon Cavalcante , Martins Alice Maria Costa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionCognitive decline is prevalent in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The blood–brain barrier has been implicated in cognitive decline. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the associations between endothelium‐related biomarkers and steeper cognitive decline in this population.MethodsCognitive function was assessed using the Portuguese‐adapted Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) with items of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Endothelium‐related biomarkers included syndecan‐1, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and angiopoietin‐2 (AGPT2). Patients were followed up for 4 years, and cognitive assessments were repeated. Multinomial regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between biomarkers and cognitive decline.ResultsA total of 216 patients completed the test battery at baseline. After 4 years, 102 patients had follow‐up data. There was a significant decrease in cognitive function according to the CAMCOG and MMSE scores: a change of −0.39 (95% CI −0.27 to −0.51) and −0.51 (95% CI −0.27 to −0.76) standard deviation (SD) of the baseline scores. Additionally, executive function but not memory significantly decreased. Syndecan‐1 level was independently associated with steeper cognitive decline; each increase in the SD of the syndecan‐1 level was associated with a decrease in the CAMCOG of 0.20 (95% CI 0.07–0.33) SD from baseline. Syndecan‐1 was associated with a steeper decline in MMSE score (β 0.54, 95% CI 0.28–0.81) and executive function (β 0.17, 95% CI 0.02–0.32). Syndecan‐1 predicted severe cognitive impairment with an area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.75 (95% CI 0.64–0.83).ConclusionOur findings highlight the potential of syndecan‐1, a biomarker of endothelium glycocalyx derangement, as a predictor of steeper cognitive decline in prevalent hemodialysis patients.
Market leverage, debt heterogeneity, and equity returns
Authors: Kang Moonsoo , Baek Seungho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe explore the effect of debt heterogeneity on the cross‐sectional relationship between market leverage and equity returns. Specifically, we discover that firms with high debt heterogeneity exhibit a stronger, positive association between leverage and equity returns. Any alternative economic rationale cannot explain this anomaly. We also find that leverage interacts with debt heterogeneity, making firms with heterogeneous debt structure more financially distressed or constrained. Therefore, this analysis suggests that leverage exerts more pronounced effect on equity returns among firms with heterogeneous debt composition because those firms experience higher financial distress or constraint due to the compounding interaction effect with leverage.
No increased risk of tuberculosis‐related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with integrase inhibitor‐based antiretroviral therapy in people withHIV with profound immunosuppression
Authors: Chan Chi Kuen , Huang Shan Shan , Wong Ka Hing , Leung Chi Chiu , Lee Man Po , Tsang Tak Yin , Wong Chun Kwan Bonnie , Lee Shuk Nor , Law Wing Sze , Tai Lai Bun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe issue of whether integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) may confer a higher risk of paradoxical tuberculosis‐related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB‐IRIS) compared with other classes of antiretroviral in people with HIV with a profound level of immunosuppression remains insufficiently explored. We aimed to assess whether such a higher risk exists by examining a cohort of patients with TB‐HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Hong Kong.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of 133 patients registered in the TB‐HIV Registry of the Department of Health during the period 2014–2021.ResultsSixteen of 70 patients (22.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.0–32.7) and 14 of 63 patients (22.2%; 95% CI 12.0–32.5) from the INSTI and non‐INSTI groups experienced TB‐IRIS (p = 0.920). The median intervals between ART initiation and IRIS among patients from the two groups were similar (3 weeks [interquartile range IQR 2.0–7.8] vs. 4 weeks [IQR 2.0–5.1],p = 0.620). The proportion of patients requiring steroid therapy were similar, as were the hospitalization rates. There was no IRIS‐related death in either group. The risk of TB‐IRIS with INSTI versus non‐INSTI was also similar in a stratified analysis in a subgroup of patients with a baseline CD4 count of <50 μL (10/33 [30.3%; 95% CI 14.6–46.0] vs. 10/22 [45.5%; 95% CI 24.7–66.3],p = 0.252) and another subgroup of patients with ART initiated within 4 weeks of anti‐TB treatment (10/26 [38.5%; 95% CI 19.8–57.2] vs. 10/23 [43.5%; 95% CI 23.2–63.7],p = 0.721).ConclusionOur cohort study did not offer support for an increased risk of TB‐IRIS with INSTIs compared with non‐INSTIs, even in severely immunocompromised people with HIV.
Impact of the incorporation of the edible seaweeds Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta on the physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of yoghurt
Authors: Rodríguez Martha Paola Rivera , Tremblay Ariane , Tsamo Claudine Valérie Passo , Berger Karine , Labrie Steve , Beaulieu Lucie 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe impact of the addition of seaweed to yoghurt was evaluated on its physicochemical, functional and sensory properties. Two different species of brown macroalgae, Saccharina latissima (blanched or not) and Alaria esculenta, were added in four different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1%) and in two different forms (flakes and powder). The titratable acidity of all yoghurt samples formulated with blanched Saccharina was similar to the control. However, formulations with blanched Saccharina exhibited higher syneresis than the control. Most yoghurt samples containing Alaria at higher concentrations exhibited a lower firmness than the control. Seaweed addition had a significant impact on the colour of yoghurt samples. Quantitative descriptive analysis and hedonic evaluation performed by a trained panel showed that changes in physicochemical properties influenced the organoleptic characteristics of yoghurt samples. Yoghurt samples formulated with 0.25% S. latissima and 0.50% A. esculenta in flakes were selected as the most promising formulations.