bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Provocations on Provoked Aggression
Authors: Lawrence Claire , Hutchinson Laura 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing an adapted form of the Taylor Competitive reaction Time (TCRT) task [Taylor (1967). Journal of Personality, 35, 297–310], this study is the first to examine the influence of individual differences in sensitivity to provocations (SP) [Lawrence (2006). Aggressive Behavior, 32, 3, 241–252] as opposed to sensitivity to frustrations (SF) on provoked aggression (noise blasts delivered to a bogus partner). Participants (N = 144) played a competitive reaction time task against a bogus partner, who delivered increasingly loud noise blasts to participants on trials when the participant lost. The study also manipulated the partner's behavior such that, in initial trials, the partner either delivered moderate blasts to the participant or no blasts at all. While accounting for broad trait aggression, those high in SP delivered louder noise blasts to a bogus partner when provoked but not when unprovoked. These individuals also delivered more maximum blasts to the partner and delivered maximum blasts earlier in the TCRT. The effects of SP became non‐significant when the partner was initially non‐aggressive. Similarly, an initially non‐aggressive partner reduced participant aggression under later conditions of moderate provocation from the partner, but this effect became non‐significant under subsequent high provocation from the partner. While being related to SP, SF did not influence provoked aggression. Aggr. Behav. 39 :212‐221, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters (1834–1863)
Authors: Deiters Vera S. , Guillery R.W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOtto Deiters, for whom the lateral vestibular nucleus and the supporting cells of the outer auditory hair cells were named, died in 1863 aged 29. He taught in the Bonn Anatomy Department, had an appointment in the University Clinic, and ran a small private practice. He published articles on the cell theory, the structure and development of muscle fibers, the inner ear, leukaemia, and scarlet fever. He was the second of five surviving children in an academic family whose private correspondence revealed him to be a young man with limited social skills and high ambitions to complete a deeply original study of the brainstem and spinal cord. However, first his father and then his younger brother died, leaving him and his older brother responsible for a suddenly impecunious family as he failed to gain academic promotion. Otto died of typhus two years after his younger brother's death, leaving his greatest scientific achievement to be published posthumously. He showed that most nerve cells have a single axon and several dendrites; he recognized the possibility that nerve cells might be functionally polarized and produced the first illustrations of synaptic inputs to dendrites from what he termed a second system of nerve fibers. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1929–1953, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Macrofilaricidal Activity of Substituted 2‐Hydroxy/5‐Hydroxy/2‐Methyl‐1,4‐Naphthoquinones
Authors: Karunan Twinkle , Mathew Nisha , Srinivasan Lakshmy , Muthuswamy Kalyanasundaram 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPreclinical ResearchLymphatic filariasis is a disfiguring disease caused by parasitic worms that destroy the human lymphatic system leading to substantial morbidity. The current drug of choice for the treatment of filariasis is diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin with albendazole which are only effective against the microfilaria, leaving the adult worm unaffected, requiring the development of “adulticidal drugs.” Thirty amino substituted 2‐hydroxy/5‐hydroxy/2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinones were synthesized via the reaction of 2‐hydroxy/5‐hydroxy/2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinones with different primary and secondary amines. Compounds1–30were evaluated for in vitro antifilarial activity against the adult bovine filarial wormSetaria digitataas assessed by worm motility andMTT(3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction assays. The mutagenecity, tumerogenecity, irritantancy, reproductive toxicity, drug score, druglike, and cLogPproperties were calculated usingOSIRISproperty predictor. Ten compounds showed macrofilaricidal activity withED50values ranging between 0.086 and 7.6 μM. Taking into account the biological effects and the promising drug‐like profiles of these compounds, these represent valid leads for the development of antifilarial agents against adult filarial worm.
Effect of Nanoclay on Styrene and Butyl Acrylate AGET ATRP in Miniemulsion: Study of Nucleation Type, Kinetics, and Polymerization Control
Authors: Hatami Leila , Haddadi‐Asl Vahid , Ahmadian‐Alam Leila , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTPoly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposites were synthesized in miniemulsion via activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Optimum amounts of catalyst and reducing agent were chosen by considering a linear increase in ln([M0]/[M]) versus time, narrow molecular distribution, and low polydispersity index (PDI). Critical micelle concentration and cross‐sectional surface area per surfactant head group were determined by surface tension analysis. Calculations show that droplet nucleation is the dominant mechanism of nucleation in a miniemulsion system, and there is no micelle in the system. Gel permeation chromatography was used to characterize molecular weight, PDI, and molecular weight distribution. After determination of appropriate conditions, poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposite latexes were synthesized. Low PDI, narrow molecular weights, and first‐order kinetics of the nanocomposites justify that polymerization is well controlled. Kinetics of polymerization decreases by clay loading. The apparent propagation rate constant (kapp) of polymerization in the case of poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) is 4.079 × 10−6, which becomes 0.558 × 10−6 in the case of poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposite with 2% nanoclay. A decrease in the polymerization rate is related to the hindrance effect of nanoclay layers on monomer diffusion toward the loci of growing macroradicals.
Pancreatic Surgery in the Very Old: Face to Face With a Challenge of the Near Future
Authors: Belyaev Orlin , Herzog Torsten , Kaya Guelnur , Chromik Ansgar M. , Meurer Kirsten , Uhl Waldemar , Müller Christophe A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe proportion of octogenarians requiring surgery for pancreatic disease is rapidly growing. This trend will be continued during the next decades, posing a challenge to surgeons and the health care system worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the results of pancreatic surgery in octogenarians in terms of safety and survival based on a cohort of patients at a European high‐volume center.MethodsDuring a 7‐year period, 1,705 operations were performed, 76 in patients ≥80 years of age. Data on the octogenarians were retrospectively reviewed and compared to those of the whole collective and to contemporary data from the literature. Primary endpoints were mortality, morbidity, and survival.ResultsOverall, 80 % had a malignant disease, and resections were performed in 50 % of all cases. Mortality was 11.8 % and morbidity 72.4 %. There were significantly more medical than surgical complications: 56.6 versus 34.2 %. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 5.3 %, postoperative bleeding in 3.9 %, and delayed gastric emptying in 19.7 %. The median hospital stay was 15 days and the intensive care unit stay 2 days. Mean survival was 28.2 months and in patients with cancer 22.6 months. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 61.4, 31.3, and 18.8 %, respectively.ConclusionsDespite high mortality and morbidity rates, surgery remains the only chance for cure in most octogenarians with pancreatic disease. Careful patient selection is the key to success and improved long‐term survival in this group, which will represent a substantial fraction of the population in the near future.
Paternity assurance before and after fertilization by male burying beetles (Nicrophorus quadripunctatus)
Authors: Takata Mamoru , Kurachi Takuma , Koyama Satoshi , Satoh Toshiyuki , Fugo Hajime 
Published: February 2013

AbstractParental care requires a large investment of time and energy. This can reduce future parental survival and opportunities for mating. Because males are usually more uncertain of their parentage with respect to the caring of offspring than are females, the reduction in reproductive success is thought to be greater in males. Therefore, males are under selection to ensure paternity of the offspring for which they care. Males can increase paternity before and after fertilization. Before fertilization, males can increase paternity by increasing their competitive ability for fertilization. After fertilization, males can increase paternity by cannibalizing unrelated offspring. Here, we investigated the stage at which male burying beetles,Nicrophorus quadripunctatus, increase their paternity by evaluating the number of offspring sired by a nursing male in asynchronously hatched broods in relation to hatching time. We found that nursing males assure a very high level of the paternity of hatching offspring. We also found that the paternity of non-nursing and nursing males remained constant across hatching time within a brood, indicating that it is unlikely that filial cannibalism plays a role in increasing the paternity of offspring. We concluded that ensuring paternity before fertilization is more important in increasing the paternity of offspring.
A new surveillance indicator identifying optimal timeliness and accuracy: application to the Korean National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System for 2001–2007
Authors: YOO H. S. , CHO S. I. , LEE J. K. , PARK H. K. , LEE E. G. , KWON J. W. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYAlthough immediate notification of a case is crucial for epidemic control, clinicians may delay notification due to uncertainties in diagnosis, reflecting a trade-off between timeliness and the accuracy of surveillance. We assessed this trade-off for four epidemic-prone diseases that require immediate notification of suspected cases: shigellosis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and cholera in the Korean National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System data for 2001–2007. Timeliness was measured as the time to registration (TR), being the time interval from symptom onset to notification by the clinician to the local public health centre. We introduced a new index, ‘time-accuracy trade-off ratio’ to indicate time saved by clinical vs. laboratory-based notifications. Clinical notifications comprised 34·4% of total notifications, and these showed a shorter median TR than laboratory-based notifications (1–4 days). The trade-off ratio was greatest for shigellosis (3·3 days), and smallest for typhoid fever (0·6 days). A higher trade-off ratio provides stronger evidence for clinical notification without waiting for laboratory confirmation.
Early Life History Variation in Hatchery‐ and Natural‐Origin Spring Chinook Salmon in the Yakima River, Washington
Authors: Larsen Donald A. , Harstad Deborah L. , Strom Charles R. , Johnston Mark V. , Knudsen Curtis M. , Fast David E. , Pearsons Todd N. , Beckman Brian R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn male Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, age of maturation is phenotypically plastic, occurring at age 1 (referred to as precocious parr or microjack), age 2 (minijack), age 3 (jack), age 4, or age 5. Microjacks and minijacks are thought to forego migration to the ocean as smolts, instead remaining in headwaters and employing a “sneaking” strategy to fertilize eggs. We compared the prevalence of minijacks (minijack rate) among hatchery‐ and natural‐origin spring Chinook Salmon from the Yakima River, Washington, over seven brood years (2001–2007). We quantified minijack rates and sex ratios in the hatchery population prior to release and during out‐migration at a trap located 230 km downstream. Within this time period, we also monitored minijack rates in a 3‐year (brood years 2002–2004) growth study designed to reduce minijack production at the hatchery. Minijacks made up an average of 41% of the male population in the hatchery, but annual minijack rates varied in response to the growth rate or fish size at release. Average minijack rate was approximately 20% among out‐migrating hatchery fish, about half the rate found prior to release. Among out‐migrants, minijack rates of hatchery fish were approximately 10 times those of natural‐origin fish, but sex ratios were significantly skewed toward females in both hatchery‐ and natural‐origin groups. Data from this study and related studies suggest that the predominant age of early male maturation in the Yakima River and similar rivers is age 2 (minijack) in hatchery fish and age 1 (microjack) in natural‐origin fish. Based on this and other studies, we now recognize three minijack life history types in spring Chinook Salmon: resident, fluvial, and anadromous, depending on the migration pattern exhibited in the spring and summer. Finally, we discuss the broader impacts that high minijack production may have on the establishment of size‐at‐release targets for salmon supplementation programs in the future.
Neoproterozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Southern Quruqtagh of Northwest China: Geochemistry, Zircon Geochronology and Tectonic Implications
Authors: Yingli ZHANG , Zongqi WANG , Zhen YAN , Tao WANG 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Early Neoproterozoic Beiyixi Formation volcanic rocks of the southern Quruqtagh comprise mainly of a suite of tholeiitic basalts, alkaline andesites, and calc‐alkaline rhyolites. The rhyolites are characterized by variably fractionated enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and flat in heavy rare earth elements (HREE), and strongly negative Eu anomalies. Compared to the rhyolites, the andesites also exhibit enrichment in LREE and flat HREE (chondrite‐normalized values of La/Yb, and La/Sm are 13.30–41.09, 3.18–6.89 respectively). Their rare earth element patterns display minor negative Eu anomalies. Both of them exhibit coherent patterns with strongly to moderately negative anomalies of Nb, Zr, Ti, and Hf on spider diagrams. Two rhyolite and one andesite magmatic zircons with defined oscillatory zoning yielded weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 743 ± 7 Ma, 741±2 Ma, and 727±4 Ma. These ages are interpreted to represent the riming of volcanic eruptions. According to geochemistry and rock type, these volcanic rocks formed within a continental island‐arc environment following subduction of the oceanic crust during the Early Neoproterozoic period.
Magnetic Fabric Study of Late Holocene Sediments in Huangqihai Lake, Inner Mongolia and its Sedimentary Significance
Authors: Jin DONG , Rui GAO , Yong WANG , Shihong ZHANG , Peiyi YAO , Zhenqing CHI , Zhili ZHAO 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe detailed magnetic susceptibility anisotropy study on the sediments of two sections, which are located in the lake‐center and the lakeshore of the Huangqihai Lake, Inner Mongolia, revealed their hydrodynamics and sedimentary environment changes in the recent 2000 years. The results show that the sediments of two sections both display normal depositional magnetic fabrics, of which the minimum susceptibility axes (K3) are oriented perpendicular to the bedding plane and the maximum magnetic susceptibility axes (K1) lie parallel with the bedding plane. In addition, the lakeshore presents higher magnetic anisotropy degree (P), magnetic foliation (F) and current factor (Fs) than the lake‐center, showing that the lakeshore has higher flow velocity. For the west Huangqihai Lake (HQW) section in the lake‐center, the magnetic matrix grain degree (Q) and the inclination of the minimum susceptibility axes sharply increased and decreased, respectively, at a depth of about 10 cm, 24 cm, 45 cm and 74 cm, which indicate abnormal depositional events with strong kinetic energy. Through comparative analysis, the HQW section can be divided into three stages from top to bottom. The upper stage was a stable depositional environment with strong hydrodynamic energy and low water level, which shows relatively higher Fs value and the Q value varies similarly with P and F. The middle stage was a stable depositional environment with high water level and low hydrodynamic energy, intermitted with high‐energy abnormal events, which shows relatively lower Fs and the Q value was negatively correlated with P and F. The lower stage was an unstable depositional environment with low hydrodynamic energy and high water level, which shows relatively lower P, F, and Fs value.
Refractory chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men: can transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation help?
Authors: Schneider Marc P. , Tellenbach Marc , Mordasini Livio , Thalmann George N. , Kessler Thomas M. 
Published: February 2013

Objective
To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for treating men with refractory chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).
Patients and Methods
A consecutive series of 60 men treated with TENS for refractory CPPS was evaluated prospectively at an academic tertiary referral centre.
The effects of treatment were evaluated by a pain diary and by the quality of life item of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index at baseline, after 12 weeks of TENS treatment, and at last known follow‐up.
Adverse events related to TENS were also assessed.
Results
The mean (95% confidence interval, CI; range) age of the 60 men was 46.9 (43.5–50.3; 21–82) years.
TENS was successful after 12 weeks of treatment in 29 (48%) patients and a positive effect was sustained during a mean (95%, CI; range) follow‐up of 43.6 (33.2–56; 6–88) months in 21 patients. After 12 weeks of TENS treatment, mean (95% CI) pain visual analogue scale decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from 6.6 (6.3–6.9) to 3.9 (3.2–4.6).
Patients' quality of life changed significantly after TENS treatment (P < 0.001). Before TENS, all 60 patients felt mostly dissatisfied (n = 17; 28%), unhappy (n = 28; 47%) or terrible (n = 15; 25%). After 12 weeks of TENS treatment, 29 (48%) patients felt mostly satisfied (n = 5), pleased (n = 18) or delighted (n = 6).
No adverse events related to TENS were noted.
Conclusion
TENS may be an effective and safe treatment for refractory CPPS in men, warranting randomized, placebo‐controlled trials.
Macro and Microhabitat Associations of the Peter's Tent‐Roosting Bat (Uroderma bilobatum): Human‐Induced Selection and Colonization?
Authors: Sagot Maria , Rodríguez‐Herrera Bernal , Stevens Richard D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUnderstanding species‐specific habitat selection is essential to identify how natural systems are assembled and maintained, and how emerging natural and anthropogenic disturbances will affect ecosystem function. In the Neotropics, Peter's tent‐roosting bat (Uroderma bilobatum), known to roost in forests, has become abundant in human‐modified areas. To understand how habitat characteristics in both intact forest and human‐modified areas influence the presence and density ofU. bilobatum,we characterized habitat use at two scales (macrohabitat and microhabitat) and used logistic and poisson regressions to determine which habitat characteristics best predicted the presence and density ofU. bilobatumwithin each scale. Moreover, we performed a redundancy analysis to determine which habitat scale explained more variation. As these bats are obligate tent roosters, we used tent as a surrogate for bat presence and density. We found that both macrohabitat and microhabitat scales explained variation in presence and density. Characteristics of the microhabitat scale, however, had higher predictive power, revealing thatU. bilobatumpreferentially inhabits areas with high density of coconut palms. Coconut palms were introduced recently in the Neotropics and are found only in human‐modified areas. Therefore, we hypothesize thatU. bilobatumis expanding its range into these areas following the expanded distribution of this exotic plant species.
Brinzolamide‐timolol fixed combination for the prevention of intraocular pressure elevation after phacoemulsification
Authors: Georgakopoulos Constantine D , Makri Olga E , Plotas Panagiotis , Pharmakakis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of brinzolamide‐timolol fixed combination in intraocular pressure during the first 24 h after uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery using Viscoat and Provisc.DesignProspective randomized comparative case series.ParticipantsNinety‐two eyes of equal patients scheduled for phacoemulsification cataract surgery.MethodsTreatment group (52 eyes) received a drop of brinzolamide‐timolol fixed combination immediately after surgery. Control group (40 eyes) received no treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresIntraocular pressure preoperatively and at 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively.ResultsSix hours after surgery the mean intraocular pressure decreased by 0.3 ± 2.95 mmHg (P > 0.05) in the treatment group and increased by 6.8 ± 2.78 mmHg (P < 0.001) in the control group. Twelve hours postoperatively, the mean intraocular pressure increased by 0.23 ± 3.49 mmHg (P > 0.05) in the treatment group and by 5.3 ± 3.26 mmHg (P < 0.001) in the control group. Twenty‐four hours after surgery, the mean intraocular pressure decreased by 1.76 ± 2.83 mmHg (P < 0.01) in the treatment group and in the control group increased by 1.4 ± 2.46 mmHg (P > 0.05). The intraocular pressure in the treatment group was statistically significantly lower compared with the control group at 6, 12 and 24 h postoperatively. None of the eyes in the treatment group had postoperative intraocular pressure elevation ≥10 mmHg; such an increase was recorded in 20% and 10% of control eyes at 6 and 12 h after surgery, respectively.ConclusionA single dose of brinzolamide‐timolol fixed combination after phacoemulsification cataract surgery prevented a significant intraocular pressure increase during the first 24 h postoperatively.