bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the finite‐source multiclass priority queue with an unreliable server and setup time
Authors: Sahba Pedram , Balciog̃lu Bariş , Banjevic Dragan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this article, we study a queueing system serving multiple classes of customers. Each class has a finite‐calling population. The customers are served according to the preemptive‐resume priority policy. We assume general distributions for the service times. For each priority class, we derive the steady‐state system size distributions at departure/arrival and arbitrary time epochs. We introduce the residual augmented process completion times conditioned on the number of customers in the system to obtain the system time distribution. We then extend the model by assuming that the server is subject to operation‐independent failures upon which a repair process with random duration starts immediately. We also demonstrate how setup times, which may be required before resuming interrupted service or picking up a new customer, can be incorporated in the model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
Metal‐Conjugated Affinity Labels: A New Concept to Create Enantioselective Artificial Metalloenzymes
Authors: Reiner Thomas , Jantke Dominik , Marziale Alexander N. , Raba Andreas , Eppinger Jörg 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Prof. Jörg Eppinger. The cover picture illustrates the concept of using metal‐conjugated affinity labels (m‐ALs) to convert proteases into well‐defined and catalytically active artificial metalloenzymes. For more details, see the Communication on p. 50 ff.
Aminofunctional polyethers: smart materials for applications in solution and on surfaces
Authors: Wilms Valerie S. , Frey Holger 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn recent years, biocompatible polyethers with multi‐aminofunctionality have been used for a variety of applications in different fields. Both established and recently developed synthesis strategies for such polymers and applications as stimuli‐responsive materials, non‐viral vectors, shell crosslinked micelles and for surface functionalization are reviewed. The intriguing potential of such materials is due to both polyether and polyamine components and can thus be readily tuned by the copolymer microstructure and composition. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and bifunctional asymmetric organocatalysis of helical poly(phenylacetylene)s bearing cinchona alkaloid pendants via a sulfonamide linkage
Authors: Iida Hiroki , Tang Zhenglin , Yashima Eiji 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTFour novel helical poly(phenylacetylene)s with amino‐functionalized cinchona alkaloid pendant groups connecting to the phenyl rings through a sulfonamide linkage were synthesized by the polymerization of the corresponding phenylacetylene monomers using Rh+(2,5‐norbornadiene)[(η6‐C6H5)B−(C6H5)3] (Rh(nbd)BPh4) as the catalyst. The optically active sulfonamide‐linked polymers adopted a helical conformation with an excess of one‐handedness as supported by the appearance of the induced Cotton effects in the main‐chain chromophore regions, and efficiently catalyzed the enantioselective methanolytic desymmetrization of a cyclic anhydride and aza‐Michael addition of aniline to chalcone, thereby producing the corresponding optically active products up to 86% enantiomeric excess. However, their enantioselectivities from the methanolytic desymmetrization were slightly lower than those catalyzed by the corresponding cinchona alkaloid‐bound monomers. On the other hand, during the asymmetric aza‐Michael addition, a unique enhancement of the enantioselectivity was observed for several sulfonamide‐linked helical polymers, and thus affording a remarkably higher enantioselectivity compared to those of the corresponding monomers and nonhelical polymers bearing the identical cinchona alkaloid residues. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2869–2879
Fluorinated polymerizable phosphonium salts from PH3: Surface properties of photopolymerized films
Authors: Guterman Ryan , Berven Bradley M. , Chris Corkery T. , Nie Heng‐Yong , Idacavage Mike , Gillies Elizabeth R. , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAn array of highly fluorinated polymerizable phosphonium salts (HFPPS) were synthesized from PH3 and utilized in UV‐curable formulations. Inclusion of these salts at very low loading (0.1–1 wt %) into hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) resulted in hydrophobic surfaces. The water repellency was achieved with short C4F9 fluorocarbon appendages in the monomer as opposed to the bioaccumulative C8F17 appended polymers. The physical properties of these new monomers were also characterized. The molecular architecture of the monomers had a pronounced effect on both their physical properties along with the degree of hydrophobicity imparted in the polymer. Salts utilizing the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion displayed excellent compatibility with HDDA, while the chloride salts were insoluble. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) confirmed the presence of the HFPPS at the surface of the polymer coating. For the first time this demonstrates how these salts may be used to functionalize the surface of a UV‐cured film with ionic species. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2782–2792
Mechanisms of resistance to acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides in populations of Apera spica‐venti from the Czech Republic
Authors: Hamouzová Kateřina , Košnarová Pavlína , Salava Jaroslav , Soukup Josef , Hamouz Pavel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigates the mechanisms of resistance to acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides in populations of Apera spica‐venti (L.) P.B. from the Czech Republic.RESULTSThe proportion of resistance due to mutant acetolactate synthase (ALS) alleles was estimated by genotyping individuals from each of three populations for the eight ALS mutations known to confer resistance. Four resistance‐conferring ALS mutations were identified: Pro‐197‐Ala, Pro‐197‐Thr, Trp‐574‐Leu and previously unreported Trp‐574‐Met substitution. Two populations (R1, R3) have amino acid substitution at positions Pro‐197 and Trp‐574. Individuals from the R3 population had two different resistance alleles. In the R2 population, only the resistant Trp‐574‐Met substitution was detected. Ten other single point mutations were identified, but these were not related to resistance.The cytochrome malathion decreased chlorsulfuron resistance in the resistant populations that were examined. Although malathion increased mortality, the GR50 values were too high to conclude that non‐target‐based mechanism was the main one for the resistance in Apera spica‐venti populations tested in this study.CONCLUSIONSIndividuals of Apera spica‐venti populations tested in this study possess the target‐site ALS resistance mutation and an additional so far unknown resistance mechanism(s). © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
An Ultra pH‐Sensitive and Aptamer‐Equipped Nanoscale Drug‐Delivery System for Selective Killing of Tumor Cells
Authors: Zhao Nianxi , You Jian , Zeng Zihua , Li Chun , Zu Youli 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNanotechnology has often been applied in the development of targeted drug‐delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. An ideal nanoscale system for drug delivery should be able to selectively deliver and rapidly release the carried therapeutic drug(s) in cancer cells and, more importantly, not react to off‐target cells so as to eliminate unwanted toxicity on normal tissues. To reach this goal, a selective chemotherapeutic is formulated using a hollow gold nanosphere (HAuNS) equipped with a biomarker‐specific aptamer (Apt), and loaded with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). The formed Apt‐HAuNS‐Dox, approximately 42 nm in diameter, specifically binds to lymphoma tumor cells and does not react to control cells that do not express the biomarker. Through aptamer‐mediated selective cell binding, the Apt‐HAuNS‐Dox is internalized exclusively into the targeted tumor cells, and then released the DOX intracellularly. Of note, although the formed Apt‐HAuNS‐Dox is stable under normal biological conditions (pH 7.4), it appears ultrasensitive to pH change and rapidly releases 80% of the loaded DOX within 2 h at pH 5.0, a condition seen in cell lysosomes. Functional assays using cell mixtures show that the Apt‐HAuNS‐Dox selectively kills lymphoma tumor cells, but has no effect on the growth of the off‐target cells in the same cultures, indicating that this ultra pH‐sensitive Apt‐HAuNS‐Dox can selectively treat cancer through specific aptamer guidance, and will have minimal side effects on normal tissue.
Opportunities in High‐Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Brown Benjamin P. , Picco Loren , Miles Mervyn J. , Faul Charl F. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe atomic force microscope (AFM) has become integrated into standard characterisation procedures in many different areas of research. Nonetheless, typical imaging rates of commercial microscopes are still very slow, much to the frustration of the user. Developments in instrumentation for “high‐speed AFM” (HSAFM) have been ongoing since the 1990s, and now nanometer resolution imaging at video rate is readily achievable. Despite thorough investigation of samples of a biological nature, use of HSAFM instruments to image samples of interest to materials scientists, or to carry out AFM lithography, has been minimal. This review gives a summary of different approaches to and advances in the development of high‐speed AFMs, highlights important discoveries made with new instruments, and briefly discusses new possibilities for HSAFM in materials science.
Designed construction of recombinant DNA at the ura3Δ0 locus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Fukunaga Tomoaki , Cha‐aim Kamonchai , Hirakawa Yuki , Sakai Ryota , Kitagawa Takao , Nakamura Mikiko , Nonklang Sanom , Hoshida Hisashi , Akada Rinji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecombinant DNAs are traditionally constructed using Escherichia coli plasmids. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chromosomal gene targeting is a common technique, implying that the yeast homologous recombination system could be applied for recombinant DNA construction. In an attempt to use a S. cerevisiae chromosome for recombinant DNA construction, we selected the single ura3Δ0 locus as a gene targeting site. By selecting this single locus, repeated recombination using the surrounding URA3 sequences can be performed. The recombination system described here has several advantages over the conventional plasmid system, as it provides a method to confirm the selection of correct recombinants because transformation of the same locus replaces the pre‐existing selection marker, resulting in the loss of the marker in successful recombinations. In addition, the constructed strains can serve as both PCR templates and hosts for preparing subsequent recombinant strains. Using this method, several yeast strains that contained selection markers, promoters, terminators and target genes at the ura3Δ0 locus were successfully generated. The system described here can potentially be applied for the construction of any recombinant DNA without the requirement for manipulations in E. coli. Interestingly, we unexpectedly found that several G/C‐rich sequences used for fusion PCR lowered gene expression when located adjacent to the start codon. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Two Copper(II) Radical Heterospin Complexes
Authors: Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Ma Yue , Wang Ya‐Li , Tong Yu‐Zhang , Yang Ming‐Fang , Wang Qing‐Lun , Li Li‐Cun , Liao Dai‐Zheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo heterospin complexes [Cu(NIT3Py)(cda)H2O]·H2O (1) and [Cu(NIT2Py)(cda)H2O]·H2O·CH3OH (2) with CuII ions and pyridyl‐substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals (NITxPy = 2‐(x′‐pyridyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide, x = 3, 2; H2cda = 4‐hydroxy‐pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. The single crystal structures show that the two complexes are both two‐spin complexes, in which the different radicals make the two complexes have different hydrogen bonding interactions to form 2D and 1D supramolecular network for complexes 1 and 2, respectively. The magnetic measurements indicate that complexes 1 and 2 both exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions between CuII and radicals.
Delinquency, parental involvement, early adult criminality, and sex: Evidence of moderated mediation
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTOne purpose of this study was to determine whether parental involvement, measured in late adolescence, mediates the relationship between delinquency in mid‐adolescence and crime in early adulthood. This study's second purpose was to ascertain whether this relationship is moderated by sex, such that late adolescent parental involvement mediates the delinquency–crime relationship in females but not in males. A secondary analysis of data provided by 579 (272 males, 307 females) members of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth‐Child (NLSYC) was conducted in an effort to evaluate the possibility of moderated mediation in the relationship between delinquency at age 16, parental involvement at age 18, and criminality at age 24. Moderated mediation analysis, path analysis, and causal mediation analysis revealed the presence of a conditional indirect relationship between delinquency, parental involvement, and adult crime moderated by sex. These results are consistent with views on cumulative disadvantage and gendered pathways to crime.
Körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit im Alter
Authors: Woll Alexander , Servay Sandra 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
„Erfolgreiches Altern“ ist ein aktuelles Thema, dem im Hinblick auf die demografische Entwicklung eine große Bedeutung zukommt. Es steht in engem Zusammenhang mit den Begriffen Lebenszufriedenheit, Funktionsfähigkeit und Selbstständigkeit (Werle et al., 2006). Demgegenüber kennzeichnet sich Altern aus physiologischer Sicht durch progressive strukturelle und funktionelle Verluste sowie durch eine steigende Prävalenz altersbedingter Erkrankungen infolge der veränderten Altersstruktur (Weisser et al., 2009). Ein wichtiges Ziel im Zusammenhang mit „erfolgreichem Altern“ ist die Verlängerung der gesunden und aktiven Lebensphase. In verschiedenen Modellen zum „erfolgreichen Altern“ spielen sportliche Aktivität und Fitness eine bedeutsame Rolle (Mechling, 2005).
Ant-coccid mutualism in citrus canopies and its effect on natural enemies of red scale,Aonidiella aurantii(Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
Authors: Dao H.T. , Meats A. , Beattie G.A.C. , Spooner-Hart R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMutualistic relationships between honeydew-producing insects and ants have been widely recognized for several decades.Iridomyrmex rufoniger(Lowne) is the commonest ant species associated with black scale,Saissetia oleae(Olivier), in the citrus orchards of the mid latitudes of coastal New South Wales. Citrus trees with high densities of both red and black scale and high ant activity were identified and the results of excluding ants from half of those trees (using a polybutene band on each trunk) were compared with the results of not excluding ants from the other half. Trees with a low incidence of black scale and ants were also studied. Exclusion of ants from trees was soon followed by collapse of black scale populations because most individuals were asphyxiated by their own honeydew. Also, parasitism of the red scaleby Encarsia perniciosi(Tower) andEncarsia citrinaCraw was significantly higher than in the control trees over the following year, as was the predation rate on red scale due to three coccinellid predators,Halmus chalybeus(Boisduval),Rhyzobius hirtellusCrotch andRhyzobius lophanthae(Blaisdell). In contrast, another coccinellid,Orcus australasiae(Boisduval), and a noctuid moth larva,Mataeomera dubiaButler, were seen in low numbers on banded (ant exclusion) trees, probably because of the low availability of their black scale prey, but were significantly higher on control trees apparently because of their invulnerability to ants.
Regulation of milk protein solubility by a whey-derived proline-rich peptide product
Authors: Selby-Pham Sophie N. , Howell Kate , Jegasothy Hema , Sheean Paul , Singh Tanoj , Taylor Cheryl , Bennett Louise E. 
Published: April 2013

The effects of a bovine whey peptide product enriched in proline (wPRP) on the solubility of milk proteins were tested under ambient conditions or following heat treatment at 75 and 100 °C, for 1 and 15 min, followed by post-incubation storage at either ambient temperature or 4 °C for up to 7 d. wPRP promoted solubilisation of milk proteins in a concentration-dependent manner without heat treatment and also after heat treatment at 75 and 100 °C, and the effect was enhanced after storage under either ambient or refrigerated storage conditions. Interactions of wPRP and milk proteins were monitored by particle size analysis and tryptic digestion and specifically linked with solubilisation of αS1 casein (αS1-Cn), which supported observed changes in milk protein solubility. The results suggested that wPRP preferably prevented or reversed physical versus covalent protein aggregation, with the relaxation of hydrophobic interactions at 4 °C providing an additive effect. This application of wPRP represents a novel approach to stabilisation of dairy proteins following thermal processing with industrial usefulness yet to be explored.
AN AMERICAN MODERNIST: TEATIME WITH ELLIOTT CARTER
Authors: Emmery Laura 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis interview with Elliott Carter, conducted on 30 May 2012, is among the last that he gave. Carter talks candidly about his past, the present, and what his legacy will be. While discussing his latest works – a series of short epigrams and a new setting of Wallace Stevens poems – Carter explains how each composition is a unique musical adventure; consequently, he does not repeat himself. Innovation is the essence of Carter's oeuvre, clearly manifested in his string quartets, which Carter still views as his grandest musical statements. He speaks openly about the difficulties of getting these and other works performed well, the lack of performances of his compositions on the West Coast, and the current trends and direction of composition today. Carter recalls important experiences and events in his life involving Nadia Boulanger, Ives, Cage, Boulez, and Stravinsky.
Technocratic manager, imperial agent, or diplomatic champion? The IMF in the anarchical society
Authors: BRÜTSCH CHRISTIAN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEven before the global financial crisis restored the International Monetary Fund's (‘IMF’ or ‘Fund’) political fortunes, the ‘monetary managers’ regained ground in supposedly hostile parts of the world, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa. To shed light on the Fund's appeal to governments that do not need its leverage to put dithering cabinets, unruly coalition partners, or restive opposition forces in line, this article examines the interplay between intergovernmental organisations (IGO) and the ‘master institutions’ of the anarchical society. It builds on classic English School inquiries into the ‘words and deeds’ of agents that define, maintain, and transform international societies; tracks collective efforts to harness international credit and debt; and probes bureaucratic obstinacy and great power management in the Fund's conduct in three member states that differ in terms of their borrowing habits, funding options, and creditor relations. It concludes that, in contrast to its reputation as a technocratic manager of cooperation or an imperial agent of contestation, the IMF's appeal lies in its willingness to act as a diplomatic champion of coexistence.
Pouvoir,puissance, and politics: Hans Morgenthau's dualistic concept of power?
Authors: RÖSCH FELIX 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHans Morgenthau's concept of power is widely debated among scholars of International Relations. Superficial accounts present Morgenthau's concept of power in the Hobbesian tradition as a means of self-preservation; however, more thorough investigations demonstrate Morgenthau's psychogenic and praxeological understanding. By referring to Sigmund Freud and Max Weber, such accounts identify Morgenthauian power as the ability to dominate others. This article contributes to this discourse by demonstrating that Morgenthau separated power into two dualistic conceptualisations. Although analytically Morgenthau worked with a concept of power understood as domination, normatively – in reference to Friedrich Nietzsche and Hannah Arendt – he promoted a concept of power that focused on the will and ability to act together. Elaborating this dualistic concept has wider implications for current International Relations because it reminds scholars to be self-reflexive. In addition, it is argued that a Morgenthauian scholarship helps scholars to gain a more profound understanding of depoliticising tendencies in Western democracies.
War under transnational surveillance: framing ambiguity and the politics of shame
Authors: VENNESSON PASCAL 
Published: April 2013

Abstract‘Naming and shaming’ those accused of abuse and misconduct is one of the most common strategies of transnational activists. Yet both qualitative and quantitative studies show that the policy and behavioural effects of naming and shaming are often contradictory. Named and shamed actors do respond at least partially by adjusting their policies and behaviour to some extent, but the actions challenged publicly as human rights violations may not cease and can even become more widespread. This ambivalent outcome is usually explained by the uneven capacity of the target to reform or by its ‘strategic’ response to escape the consequences of naming and shaming. By contrast, I show that naming and shaming can be brought to a standstill when the frame used by transnational activists is ambiguous. I trace the role of framing ambiguity during the Human Rights Watch (HRW) ‘naming and shaming’ campaigns against the Israel Defence Force (IDF) in the course of the July–August 2006 Israel-Hezbollah war (Lebanon war), and the December 2008–January 2009 Israel-Hamas war (Gaza war). I argue that HRW's use of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) as a frame led to an argumentative deadlock (frame implication contest). This legal frame, and the process of legal framing, did genuinely constrain the IDF, affecting its operations and behaviour. However, the ambiguity of the frame also provided the IDF with a range of material and ideational assets that gave it scope to claim that its actions were actually in conformity with applicable law, and to justify continuing to use force in densely populated areas.
Effect of Co substitution on the martensitic transformation and magnetocaloric properties of Ni50Mn35−xCoxSn15
Authors: Liu F.S. , Wang Q.B. , Li S.P. , Ao W.Q. , Li J.Q. 
Published: April 2013

Martensitic transformation and magnetic entropy change in Co substituted Ni50Mn35−xCoxSn15 (x = 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0) Heusler alloys have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and magnetic measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the Ni50Mn35−xCoxSn15 alloys have L21 Heusler structure at room temperature. The phase decomposition of the sample with x = 3.0, after annealing 48 h at 1173 K, is confirmed by both X-ray powder diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy in scanning electron microscopy. With the increase of the Co content from 0 to 2.0, the martensitic transformation temperature TM increases from 185 to 245 K, which is in good agreement with the rule of valence electron concentration e/a-dependence of TM. The magnetic entropy change ∆SM is investigated in the vicinity of the martensitic transformation.