bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EARLY IBĀḌĪ THEOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS ON ATOMS AND ACCIDENTS
Authors: Al-Salimi Abdulrahman 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe bulk of Orientalist research regarding Islamic theological literature has neglected Ibāḍī theological opinions related to cosmology, which has led to an incomplete understanding of Islamic theology in the West and to a significant gap in Western scholarship. The omission of this important movement of Islam is understandable, considering the unavailability, lack of publication, circulation and translation of Ibāḍī texts. Therefore, this study seeks to address some of these gaps in the scholarship on early Islamic theology. The goals of this article are: 1) to characterize the classical Ibāḍī theological literature dealing with the atomistic theory of substance and accident; 2) to review the texts of Ibāḍī scholars as they argued and engaged with other Islamic theological schools: pre-Bahshamiyya Muʿtazilites (Abū Hāshim al-Jubbāʾī, d. 321/933) and Ashʿarites (Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, d. 324/936), in relation to the atomistic theory of substance and accident during the 3rd/9thcentury; 3) to survey the wide range of opinions among the early Ibāḍī theologians, and to examine the specific sources and themes that may have influenced this multifarious school of thought. Likewise, it is the aim of this article to demonstrate the common features in the Ibāḍī approach to producing theological literature during the formation of Islamic theology, and to explore how these early theologians may have gained access to cosmological themes that predate Islam.
Accuracy and adequacy of waist circumference cut-off points currently recommended in Brazilian adults
Authors: Vianna Carolina Avila , da Silva Linhares Rogério , Bielemann Renata Moraes , Machado Eduardo Coelho , González-Chica David Alejandro , Matijasevich Alicia Manitto , Gigante Denise Petrucci , da Silva dos Santos Iná 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the adequacy and accuracy of cut-off values currently recommended by the WHO for assessment of cardiovascular risk in southern Brazil.DesignPopulation-based study aimed at determining the predictive ability of waist circumference for cardiovascular risk based on the use of previous medical diagnosis for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia. Descriptive analysis was used for the adequacy of current cut-off values of waist circumference, receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and the most accurate criteria according to the Youden index and points of optimal sensitivity and specificity were identified.SettingPelotas, southern Brazil.SubjectsIndividuals (n2112) aged ≥20 years living in the city were selected by multistage sampling, since these individuals did not report the presence of previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or stroke.ResultsThe cut-off values currently recommended by WHO were more appropriate in men than women, with overestimation of cardiovascular risk in women. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed moderate predictive ability of waist circumference in men (0·74, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·76) and women (0·75, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·77). The method of optimal sensitivity and specificity showed better performance in assessing the accuracy, identifying the values of 95 cm in men and 87 cm in women as the best cut-off values of waist circumference to assess cardiovascular risk.ConclusionsThe cut-off values currently recommended for waist circumference are not suitable for women. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate the consistency of the findings.
Computational and statistical tradeoffs via convex relaxation
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkat , Jordan Michael I. 
Published: March 2013

Significance
The growth in the size and scope of datasets in science and technology has created a need for foundational perspectives on data analysis that blend computer science and statistics. Specifically, the core challenge with massive datasets is that of guaranteeing improved accuracy of an analysis procedure as data accrue, even in the face of a time budget. We address this problem via a notion of “algorithmic weakening,” whereby as data scale, the procedure backs off to cheaper algorithms, leveraging the growing inferential strength of the data to ensure that a desired level of accuracy is achieved within the computational budget.
The quantum transverse-field Ising chain in circuit quantum
electrodynamics: effects of disorder on the nonequilibrium
dynamics
Authors: Viehmann Oliver , Delft Jan von , Marquardt Florian 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We study several dynamical properties of a recently proposed implementation of
the quantum transverse-field Ising chain in the framework of circuit quantum
electrodynamics (QED). Particular emphasis is placed on the effects of disorder
on the nonequilibrium behavior of the system. We show that small amounts of
fabrication-induced disorder in the system parameters do not jeopardize the
observation of previously predicted phenomena. Based on a numerical extraction
of the mean free path of a wave packet in the system, we also provide a simple
quantitative estimate for certain disorder effects on the nonequilibrium
dynamics of the circuit QED quantum simulator. We discuss the transition from
weak to strong disorder, characterized by the onset of Anderson localization of
the system's wave functions, and the qualitatively different dynamics it
leads to.
EDAM: an ontology of bioinformatics operations, types of data and identifiers, topics and formats
Authors: Ison Jon , Kalaš Matúš , Jonassen Inge , Bolser Dan , Uludag Mahmut , McWilliam Hamish , Malone James , Lopez Rodrigo , Pettifer Steve , Rice Peter 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Advancing the search, publication and integration of bioinformatics tools and resources demands consistent machine-understandable descriptions. A comprehensive ontology allowing such descriptions is therefore required.
Results: EDAM is an ontology of bioinformatics operations (tool or workflow functions), types of data and identifiers, application domains and data formats. EDAM supports semantic annotation of diverse entities such as Web services, databases, programmatic libraries, standalone tools, interactive applications, data schemas, datasets and publications within bioinformatics. EDAM applies to organizing and finding suitable tools and data and to automating their integration into complex applications or workflows. It includes over 2200 defined concepts and has successfully been used for annotations and implementations.
Availability: The latest stable version of EDAM is available in OWL format from http://edamontology.org/EDAM.owl and in OBO format from http://edamontology.org/EDAM.obo. It can be viewed online at the NCBO BioPortal and the EBI Ontology Lookup Service. For documentation and license please refer to http://edamontology.org. This article describes version 1.2 available at http://edamontology.org/EDAM_1.2.owl.
Contact: jison@ebi.ac.uk
Cluster Headache After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Gil-Gouveia Raquel , Fonseca Ana 
Published: March 2013

Background:
Symptomatic cluster-like headache has been described with some ophthalmological disorders such as glaucoma, orbital myositis, posterior scleritis, enucleation, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and cataract surgery.

Case Report:
We report a new case of a 79-year-old nonsmoker woman who developed cluster-like symptoms 2 days after a cataract surgery and review the 2 previously reported cases.

Discussion:
The surgical technique of cataract removal involves corneal incision, which can trigger the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, a pathophysiological mechanism potentially implicated in idiopathic cluster headache. Differential diagnosis in these cases includes surgical and anesthetic complications.
Changing weather conditions and floating plants in temperate drainage ditches
Authors: Peeters Edwin T. H. M , van Zuidam Jeroen P. , van Zuidam Bastiaan G. , Van Nes Egbert H. , Kosten Sarian , Heuts Peter G. M. , Roijackers Rudi M. M. , Netten Jordie J. C. , Scheffer Marten 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Dominance of free‐floating plants such as duckweed is undesirable as it indicates eutrophication. The objectives of this study are to investigate whether the onset of duckweed dominance is related to weather conditions by analysing field observations, to evaluate the effect of different climate scenarios on the timing of duckweed dominance using a model and to evaluate to what extent nutrient levels should be lowered to counteract effects of global warming.

To analyse the onset of duckweed dominance in relation to weather conditions, duckweed cover in Dutch ditches was correlated with weather conditions for the period 1980–2005. Furthermore, a model was developed that describes biomass development over time as a function of temperature, light and nutrient availability, crowding and mortality. This model was used to evaluate the effects of climate change scenarios and the effects of lowering nutrients.

The onset of duckweed dominance in the field advanced by approximately 14 days with an increase of 1 °C in the average maximum daily winter temperature. The modelled biomass development correlated well with the field observations. Scenarios showed that expected climate change will affect onset and duration of duckweed dominance in temperate ditches. Reducing nutrient levels may counteract the effect of warming.

Synthesis and applications. Global warming may lead to an increase in the dominance of free‐floating plants in drainage ditches in the Netherlands. The expected reductions in nutrient‐loading to surface waters as a result of different measures taken so far are likely not sufficient to counteract these effects of warming. Therefore, additional measures should be taken to avoid a further deterioration of the ecological water quality in ditches.
UsingDNAbarcoding to link cystacanths and adults of the acanthocephalanPolymorphus brevisin central Mexico
Authors: Alcántar‐Escalera F. J. , García‐Varela M. , Vázquez‐Domínguez E. , Pérez‐Ponce de León G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn parasitic organisms, particularly helminths, the usage of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I gene as the standardDNAbarcoding region for species identification and discovery has been very limited. Here, we present an integrated study, based on bothDNAbarcoding and morphological analyses, for acanthocephalans belonging to the genusPolymorphus, whose larvae (cystacanths) are commonly found in the mesentery of freshwater fishes, while adults are found in the intestine of fish‐eating birds. The alpha taxonomy of parasitic helminths is based on adult morphological traits, and because of that larval forms cannot be identified to species level based on morphology alone.DNAbarcoding offers an alternative tool for linking larval stages of parasitic organisms to known adults. We sequenced cystacanths collected from freshwater fishes in localities across central Mexico and adults obtained from fish‐eating birds, to determine whether they were conspecific. To corroborate the molecular results, we conducted a morphometric analysis with ‘Proboscis profiler’, which is a software tool developed to detect heterogeneity in morphologically similar acanthocephalans based on the multivariate statistical analysis of proboscis hook dimensions. Both sources of information indicate that cystacanths infecting freshwater fishes in central Mexico belong to a single species,Polymorphus brevis.
Schnitzler's syndrome: diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up
Authors: Simon A. , Asli B. , Braun‐Falco M. , De Koning H. , Fermand J.‐P. , Grattan C. , Krause K. , Lachmann H. , Lenormand C. , Martinez‐Taboada V. , Maurer M. , Peters M. , Rizzi R. , Rongioletti F. , Ruzicka T. , Schnitzler L. , Schubert B. , Sibilia J. , Lipsker D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSchnitzler's syndrome is characterized by recurrent urticarial rash and monoclonal gammopathy, associated with clinical and biological signs of inflammation and a long‐term risk of AA amyloidosis and overt lymphoproliferation. An extensive literature review was performed, and the following questions were addressed during an expert meeting: In whom should Schnitzler's syndrome be suspected? How should the diagnosis of Schnitzler's syndrome be established? How should a patient with Schnitzler's syndrome be treated? How should a patient with Schnitzler's syndrome be followed up?. A diagnosis of Schnitzler's syndrome is considered definite in any patient with two obligate criteria: a recurrent urticarial rash and a monoclonal IgM gammopathy, and two of the following minor criteria: recurrent fever, objective signs of abnormal bone remodeling, elevated CRP level or leukocytosis, and a neutrophilic infiltrate on skin biopsy. It is considered probable, if only 1 minor criterion is present. In patients with monoclonal IgG gammopathies, diagnosis is definite if three minor criteria are present and possible if two are present. First‐line treatment in patients with significant alteration of quality of life or persistent elevation of markers of inflammation should be anakinra. Follow‐up should include clinical evaluation, CBC and CRP every 3 months and MGUS as usually recommended.
Transient impairments in single muscle fibre contractile function after prolonged cycling in elite endurance athletes
Authors: Hvid L. G. , Gejl K. , Bech R. D. , Nygaard T. , Jensen K. , Frandsen U. , Ørtenblad N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimProlonged muscle activity impairs whole‐muscle performance and function. However, little is known about the effects of prolonged muscle activity on the contractile function of human single muscle fibres. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged exercise and subsequent recovery on the contractile function of single muscle fibres obtained from elite athletes.MethodsNine male triathletes (26 ± 1 years, 68 ± 1 mL O2 min−1 kg−1, training volume 16 ± 1 h week−1) performed 4 h of cycling exercise (at 73% of HRmax) followed by 24 h of recovery. Biopsies from vastus lateralis were obtained before and following 4 h exercise and following 24 h recovery. Measurements comprised maximal Ca2+‐activated specific force and Ca2+ sensitivity of slow type I and fast type II single muscle fibres, as well as cycling peak power output.ResultsFollowing cycling exercise, specific force was reduced to a similar extent in slow and fast fibres (−15 and −18%, respectively), while Ca2+ sensitivity decreased in fast fibres only. Single fibre‐specific force was fully restored in both fibre types after 24 h recovery. Cycling peak power output was reduced by 4–9% following cycling exercise and fully restored following recovery.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate that prolonged cycling exercise transiently impairs specific force in type I and II fibres and decreases Ca2+ sensitivity in type II fibres only, specifically in elite endurance athletes. Further, the changes in single fibre‐specific force induced by exercise and recovery coincided temporally with changes in cycling peak power output.
Leak Plugging and Clog Removal: Useful Metaphors for Conservation and Restoration
Authors: Aronson James , Murcia Carolina , Balaguer Luis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMetaphors are common in our ecological and conservation language. They help us understand complex issues and communicate them to different audiences. We propose two new metaphors: ecosystem leaks and ecosystem clogs that can help us understand the role of flows among ecosystems (inflows and outflows), the impacts of anthropogenic perturbations of these flows within and beyond ecosystem boundaries. They help us grasp the need for a broader outlook in restoration and conservation that goes beyond the ecosystem level. We define an ecosystem leak asany net loss of natural capital from any ecosystem with the potential of exerting a long‐term transformative effect. As its name implies, an ecosystem clog is the opposite of a leak, and we define it asa total or partial obstruction in the flows of natural capital within an ecosystem, or between ecosystems. Leaks can create clogs, and vice versa, and they can occur in cyclic succession causing cascading effects that affect not just the natural capital of an ecosystem, but its social and cultural capital as well. We focus on anthropogenic leaks and clogs as these are the ones for which society does not invest adequate attention and efforts.
The impact of methylphenidate on seizure frequency and severity in children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder and difficult‐to‐treat epilepsies
Authors: Santos Kleber , Palmini Andre , Radziuk Ana L , Rotert Rosana , Bastos Fernanda , Booij Linda , Fernandes Brisa S 
Published: March 2013

AimDifficult‐to‐treat epilepsies and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co‐occur. Because of concerns about the use of stimulants in children with this comorbidity, the impact of ADHD treatment on seizure frequency and severity is not known. This pilot study evaluated the safety and efficacy of methylphenidate in this population.MethodAfter a 3 month period in which antiepileptic drugs were adjusted, 22 patients recruited from a specialist outpatient clinic for severe epilepsy (16 males, six females; mean age 11y 2mo, SD 3y 2mo) received methylphenidate for 3 months in an open label, non‐controlled trial; four with generalized or multifocal (symptomatic/cryptogenic) epilepsy, one with generalized (idiopathic) epilepsy, 17 with partial (symptomatic/cryptogenic) epilepsy; five with partial seizures only, 17 with primarily or secondarily generalized seizures). Epilepsy, ADHD symptoms, and side effects were assessed using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist, the Hague Seizure Severity Scale, and the Side Effects Rating Scale.ResultsMethylphenidate significantly improved ADHD. After 3 months of treatment, 73% of patients no longer had clinically significant symptoms. Methylphenidate also reduced seizure severity (9‐point median decrease on the Hague Seizure Severity Scale). Seizure frequency increased in four out of 22 patients, but only one patient withdrew from the study for this reason. Most patients experienced no major side effects.InterpretationThese data are among the first showing that low doses of methylphenidate are safe and effective to treat ADHD symptoms in patients with difficult‐to‐treat epilepsies. Randomized controlled trials are needed to replicate the findings.
Burkholderia oklahomensis agglutinin is a canonical two‐domain OAA‐family lectin: structures, carbohydrate binding and anti‐HIV activity
Authors: Whitley Matthew J. , Furey William , Kollipara Sireesha , Gronenborn Angela M. 
Published: March 2013

Burkholderia oklahomensis EO147 agglutinin (BOA) is a 29 kDa member of the Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin (OAA) family of lectins. Members of the OAA family recognize high‐mannose glycans, and, by binding to the HIV envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120), block the virus from binding to and entering the host cell, thereby inhibiting infection. OAA‐family lectins comprise either one or two homologous domains, with a single domain possessing two glycan binding sites. We solved the structure of BOA in the ligand‐free form as well as in complex with four molecules of 3α,6α‐mannopentaose, the core unit of the N‐linked high‐mannose structures found on gp120 in vivo. This is the first structure of a double‐domain OAA‐family lectin in which all four binding sites are occupied by ligand. The structural details of the BOA–glycan interactions presented here, together with determination of affinity constants and HIV inactivation data, shed further light onto the structure–function relationship in this important class of anti‐HIV proteins.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors for ligand‐bound and ligand‐free BOA have been deposited into the Protein Data Bank under accession numbers 4GK9 and 4GU8, respectively.
Side population in LX2 cells decreased by transforming growth factor‐β
Authors: Kim Jong Bin , Ann Yeon Hwa , Park Seo Young , Jee Hyeon‐Gun , Kim Hye Ri , Lee Jeong‐Hoon , Yu Su Jong , Lee Hyo‐Suk , Kim Yoon Jun 
Published: March 2013

AimSide population (SP) cells are known to be enriched in stem/progenitor‐like cells. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling is associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) production in hepatic stellate cells. We hypothesized that the SP fraction in LX2 cells is associated with ECM deposition, which is regulated through TGF‐β signaling.MethodsWe investigated the relationship between SP cells and TGF‐β signaling in the hepatic stellate cell line LX2. The effects of TGF‐β and SB431542 on the SP fraction and expression of collagen type I and phospho‐Smad2 was determined.ResultsWe identified 0.8–3% SP cells in LX2 cells. The growth rate of sorted SP and non‐SP cells was similar to that of the original LX2 population, but population of the G0/G1 phase was increased in SP cells. Treatment of LX2 cells with TGF‐β decreased the SP fraction in a dose‐dependent manner and increased the production of collagen type I. Treatment of LX2 cells with SB431542 blocked the effect of TGF‐β on the SP fraction and the expression of collagen type I. We cultured LX2 cells on collagen‐coated dishes to observe the effect of ECM deposition on the SP fraction. The growth rate and cell cycle distribution was similar to that observed on normal tissue culture dishes, but the SP fraction was decreased when LX2 cells were cultured on collagen‐coated plates.ConclusionThese results show that LX2 cells contain an SP fraction and that TGF‐β signaling is involved in the induction of ECM deposition as well as the number of SP cells.
Microscopic schistocyte determination according to International Council for Standardization in Hematology recommendations in various diseases
Authors: Huh H. J. , Chung J. W. , Chae S. L. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryIntroductionRecently, a consensus report for microscopic schistocyte determination was prepared by International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH). ICSH focused on diagnosis of thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)/hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). We aimed to reanalyze schistocytes according to ICSH recommendations, to study diseases other than TTP/HUS related to the schistocytes, and to compare the percentage of schistocytes among the various diseases.MethodsWe retrieved all reported cases of peripheral blood (PB) smear in a single institution during 6 years. Schistocytes on 282 PB smears showing previous peripheral schistocytes and hemoglobin ≤10 g/dL were recounted according to ICSH recommendations.ResultsThe schistocytes were frequently observed in patients with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), metastatic carcinoma, sepsis, chronic renal failure, preterm infant, and infection. Only two among 34 patients categorized as MAHA were diagnosed as TTP/HUS. Schistocytes were observed with other morphological changes in 169 of 170 cases with schistocyte ≤1% and in 102 of 112 with schistocyte >1%. The median schistocyte percentages of patients with hematologic malignancy, megaloblastic anemia, acute renal failure, and preterm infant were 1.20%, 1.30%, 1.35%, and 1.70%, respectively.ConclusionSchistocytes were observed above 1% in many diseases other than TTP /HUS. Therefore, it is important to understand that schistocytes could be seen in various diseases, and in these cases, schistocytes were usually detected together with other red blood cell morphologic changes. These data support ICSH recommendation that a schistocyte count should be considered clinically meaningful if schistocytes represent the main morphological abnormality in the PB smear.