bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive models of pain following root canal treatment: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Arias A. , de la Macorra J. C. , Hidalgo J. J. , Azabal M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the probability of the incidence, intensity, duration and triggering of post‐endodontic pain, considering factors related to the patient (age, gender, medical evaluation) and to the affected tooth (group, location, number of canals, pulp vitality, preoperative pain, periapical radiolucencies, previous emergency access, presence of occlusal contacts with antagonist).MethodologyA total of 500 one‐visit root canal treatments (RCTs) were performed on patients referred to an endodontist. Shaping of root canals was performed manually with Gates‐Glidden drills and K‐Flexofiles, and apical patency was maintained with a size 10 file. A 5% NaOCl solution was used for irrigation, and canals were filled with lateral compaction and AH‐Plus sealer. Independent factors were recorded during the treatment, and characteristics of post‐endodontic pain (incidence, intensity, type and duration) were later surveyed through questionnaires. Of the 500 questionnaires, 374 were properly returned and split in two groups for two different statistical purposes: 316 cases were used to adjust the logistic regression models to predict each characteristic of post‐endodontic pain using predictive factors, and the remaining 58 cases were used to test the validity of each model.ResultsThe predictive models showed that the incidence of post‐endodontic pain was significantly lower when the treated tooth was not a molar (P = 0.003), demonstrated periapical radiolucencies (P = 0.003), had no history of previous pain (P = 0.006) or emergency endodontic treatment (P = 0.045) and had no occlusal contact (P < 0.0001). The probability of experiencing moderate or severe pain was higher with increasing age (P = 0.09) and in mandibular teeth (P = 0.045). The probability of pain lasting more than 2 days was increased with age (P = 0.1) and decreased in males (P = 0.007) and when a radiolucent lesion was present on radiographs (P = 0.1).ConclusionsPredictive formulae for the incidence, the intensity and the duration of post‐endodontic pain were generated and validated taking account of the interrelation of multiple concomitant clinical factors. A predictive model for triggering post‐endodontic pain could not be established.
Development of a green consumer behaviour model
Authors: do Paço Arminda , Alves Helena , Shiel Chris , Filho Walter Leal 
Published: January 2013

AbstractResearch on the background of green behaviour has indicated that the relationship between its antecedents and behavioural consequences is complex and constitutes a challenge for both academics and marketers. Thus, this study aims to explore the link between environmental values, attitudes and behaviours, as well as to develop and test a model that could be valid and applicable to a set of consumers living in different countries. The research examines the perceptions of a sample of 1175 consumers from England, Germany, Portugal and Spain. A model was developed to test the relationships between concepts such as man–nature orientation, generativity, environmental concern, conserving behaviour and environmentally friendly buying behaviour. Structural equation modelling was performed to assess the significance of those linkages. The results obtained confirm the relationship between attitudes and behaviours as the construct conserving behaviour appears to influence buying behaviour, and suggests some measures which may be implemented in simultaneously testing education concepts across audiences in different countries.
Specific involvement of two amino acid residues in cis‐nerolidol binding to odorant‐binding protein 5 AlinOBP5 in the alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze)
Authors: Wang S.‐Y. , Gu S.‐H. , Han L. , Guo Y.‐Y. , Zhou J.‐J. , Zhang Y.‐J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOlfaction plays an important role in insects' survival and reproduction. Odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) are considered to be one of the crucial proteins in the insect olfactory pathway. In this study, an antenna‐specific OBP of the alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus AlinOBP5, was expressed and purified in vitro. The binding affinities of AlinOBP5 with sex pheromone analogues of the Miridae and cotton volatiles were investigated by fluorescence competitive binding assays. The binding sites of AlinOBP5 were predicted by three‐dimensional structure modelling and molecular docking, and site‐directed mutagenesis. AlinOBP5 could not effectively bind with sex pheromone analogues of Miridae but showed high binding abilities with specific cotton volatiles, such as cis‐nerolidol, ethyl laurate, β‐ionone, β‐caryophyllene, 2,3‐dimethylbenzoic acid and (E)‐farnesol. The strongest binding affinity was to cis‐nerolidol, suggesting a role of AlinOBP5 in general odorant chemoreception. Based on the relatively strong binding affinity and the reported physiological activity of cis‐nerolidol in other insects, we chose cis‐nerolidol for further homology modelling and ligand docking. The results of molecular simulation and site‐directed mutagenesis indicated that two amino acids, Lys74 and Pro121, in the protein binding pocket are the key amino acids involved in the binding of cis‐nerolidol. The Lys74 residue may participate in specific recognition of ligands, and the Pro121 residue plays a crucial role in ligand binding and release by changing the binding pocket environment and stabilizing the conformation of the C‐terminus of AlinOBP5.
Unusual selection and peripheral homeostasis for immunoregulatory CD4− CD8−T cells
Authors: Dugas Véronique , Chabot‐Roy Geneviève , Beauchamp Claudine , Guimont‐Desrochers Fanny , Hillhouse Erin E. , Liston Adrian , Lesage Sylvie 
Published: January 2013

SummaryImmunoregulatory CD4− CD8− (double‐negative; DN) T cells exhibit a unique antigen‐specific mode of suppression, yet the ontogeny of DN T cells remains enigmatic. We have recently shown that 3A9 T‐cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice bear a high proportion of immunoregulatory 3A9 DN T cells, facilitating their study. The 3A9 TCR is positively selected on the H2k MHC haplotype, is negatively selected in mice bearing the cognate antigen, namely hen egg lysozyme, and there is absence of positive selection on the H2b MHC haplotype. Herein, we take advantage of this well‐defined 3A9 TCR transgenic model to assess the thymic differentiation of DN T cells and its impact on determining the proportion of these cells in secondary lymphoid organs. We find that the proportion of DN T cells in the thymus is not dictated by the nature of the MHC‐selecting haplotype. By defining DN T‐cell differentiation in 3A9 TCR transgenic CD47‐deficient mice as well as in mice bearing the NOD.H2k genetic background, we further demonstrate that the proportion of 3A9 DN T cells in the spleen is independent of the MHC selecting haplotype. Together, our findings suggest that immunoregulatory DN T cells are subject to rules distinct from those imposed upon CD4 T cells.
Improving services for people with personality disorders: Views of experienced clinicians
Authors: Fanaian Mahnaz , Lewis Kate L. , Grenyer Brin F.S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPeople with personality disorders are frequent users of both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services, representing a significantly large proportion of all mental health clients. Despite this, most services find it a challenge to offer the most appropriate and effective treatment models for people with personality disorders. This paper is a report of a study of clinician opinions about how organizations can improve the delivery of services to people with personality disorders. Data was collected from experienced clinicians attending a personality disorders clinical and scientific meeting who were asked to work together in groups and present solutions for how organizations can improve the services provided to people with personality disorders. Qualitative data was collected and thematically and semantically analyzed using Nvivo and Leximancer. The Nvivo analysis revealed five main areas in which clinicians believe organizations can improve services for people with personality disorders. These focused on: (i) more training and education for health professionals and carers; (ii) better support through supervision and leadership; (iii) adoption of a more consistent evidence‐based approach to client management and treatment; (iv) clearer guidelines and protocols; and (v) changed attitudes about personality disorder to decrease stigma. The Leximancer analysis of responses indicated the identified themes were not distinct; rather they were interconnected and related to one another, semantically. In summary, clinicians across a large and diverse geographical area developed a consensus that mainstream management of personality disorder is largely poor and inadequate. The findings lend support to an integrative and collaborative whole‐service approach that enhances evidence‐based practice in the community.
Rock physics modelling of 4D time‐shifts and time‐shift derivatives using well log data – a North Sea demonstration
Authors: Avseth Per , Skjei Norunn , Skålnes Åshild 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTRock physics models for fluid and stress dependency in reservoir rocks are essential for quantification and interpretation of 4D seismic signatures during reservoir depletion and injection. For siliciclastic sandstone reservoirs, the Gassmann theory successfully predicts changes in seismic properties associated with fluid changes. However, our ability to predict the sensitivity to pressure from first principles is poor, especially for cemented sandstones. In this study, we demonstrate how we can use a patchy cement rock physics model to quantify the combined effect of stress and fluid changes in terms of seismic time‐shifts and time‐shift derivatives during depletion or injection. The time‐shifts are estimated directly from well log data without core calibration of stress sensitivity. By assuming non‐uniform grain contacts where some grain contacts are cemented and others are loose, we can combine the contact theory for cemented sandstones with the contact theory for loose sands in order to predict stress sensitivity in a patchy cemented sandstone reservoir. Time‐shift derivatives are also useful estimates, as this parameter reveals which part of the reservoir is most stress sensitive and contributes most to the cumulative time‐shift.We test out our new approach on well log data from Troll East, North Sea and compare the predicted time‐shifts with observed 4D seismic time‐shifts. We find that there are good agreements between predicted time‐shifts and observed time‐shifts. Furthermore, we confirm that there are local geological trends controlling the fluid and stress sensitivity of the reservoir sands on Troll East. In particular, we observe a lateral stiffening of the reservoir from west to east, probably associated with the tectonic and burial history of the area. The combined effect of a thinning gas cap and stiffening reservoir sands amplifies the eastward decrease in time‐shifts associated with reservoir depletion. We manage to disentangle these two effects using rock physics analysis. It is essential to identify and map the static rock stiffness spatial trends before interpreting time‐shifts and time‐shift derivatives in terms of dynamic (i.e., 4D) pressure and fluid changes.
Preventing contamination at the time of central venous catheter insertion: a literature review and recommendations for clinical practice
Authors: Yacopetti Nicholas , Davidson Patricia M , Blacka Joy , Spencer Timothy R 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the evidence base and rationale underpinning the various infections control strategies during central venous catheter insertion and to promote discussion about the key, recurring concepts and recommendations in the literature. Logistical and organisational factors relating to central venous catheter insertion are also examined.BackgroundCatheter‐related bloodstream infections following the insertion of central venous catheters are associated with significant patient mortality and morbidity, prolonged hospital stays and increased economic costs. Limited published literature specifically examines microbial contamination during the peri‐insertion process.MethodsAn integrative literature review supervised by a health informatics librarian was undertaken. On the basis of these data, considerations for clinical practice are provided. Retrieved articles were categorised under the following themes: risk of contamination at insertion; clinical and organisational impact of contamination; strategies for reducing contamination; controversies and challenges with decontamination strategies; recommendations for practice and implications for further research and organisational practice.ResultsSpecific recommendations for reducing catheter‐related bloodstream infections based on recurring themes include the following: reducing microbial burden on skin prior to the central venous catheter insertion; decreasing contact of gloves and insertion equipment with the patient's skin; using specifically trained staff to prepare and maintain a sterile field; and ensuring a sterile technique is adhered to throughout the central venous catheter insertion process. The need for organisational, procedural and clinical practices to support better healthcare outcomes is demonstrated. Highlighting the importance of executive support and regular review of policy and guidelines are necessary to improve patient outcomes.ConclusionsPreventing infections related to central venous catheters requires the integration of clinical, organisational and workforce factors.
Ultrasonographic Adrenal Gland Measurements in Healthy Yorkshire Terriers and Labrador Retrievers
Authors: de Chalus T. , Combes A. , Bedu A.‐S. , Pey P. , Daminet S. , Duchateau L. , Saunders J. H. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryAn upper threshold of 7.4 mm for maximal adrenal gland diameter is commonly used to detect pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism ultrasonographically in dogs. There is a substantial overlap between adrenal gland diameter of healthy dogs and of those with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The aim of this study is to determine the measurements of both adrenal glands, in particular, of the height at the caudal glandular pole in a longitudinal plane, in the Labrador retriever and Yorkshire terrier, two breeds widely represented in the population suspected of hyperadrenocorticism. Seventeen Labrador retrievers and 24 Yorkshire terriers considered healthy were included in the study. Adrenal gland measurements were taken on static images and comprised in measurements of the length in a longitudinal plane (L), of the height at the cranial (CrHLG) and caudal pole (CdHLG) in a longitudinal plane and in a transverse plane (CrHTRand CdHTR, respectively), and of the width at the cranial and caudal poles in a transverse plane (CrWTRand CdWTR, respectively). This study established new upper thresholds for the left and right height at the caudal pole measured in a longitudinal plane: 7.9 mm (left) and 9.5 mm (right) for the Labrador retrievers and 5.4 mm (left) and 6.7 mm (right) for the Yorkshire terriers. All the measurements were significantly different between the two breeds. There was a significant relationship between CdHTRand CdHLG, and the age of the dogs for both breeds.
Gender Differences in the Anatomy of the Perineal Glands in Guinea Pigs and the Effect of Castration
Authors: Iburg T. M. , Arnbjerg J. , Rueløkke M. L. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPerineal glands in guinea pigs are part of the sebaceous glandular complex. Their secretions are used for scent marking. This is important for social status and can be seen in both sexes and castrated males. Discrepancy exits about the existence of these glands in female guinea pigs and knowledge of the anatomical consequences of castration on the male perineal glands is sparse. To examine these uncertainties related to gender, perineal glands from 13 sexually mature pet guinea pigs were examined macro‐ and microscopically. Clear gender differences in the anatomy of perineal glands were found, and castrated males showed signs of atrophy and fatty infiltration in the glands. Females do have perineal glands, although smaller than the glands in the male. The glands are typically sebaceous with multiple excretory ducts. A macroscopic unique feature in the males was the clearly evident orifices of a large excretory duct on each side of the slightly everted perineal sac. However, the reason for this gender difference is not clear. In castrated males, the orifices were atrophied and difficult to see. In addition, the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles in the skin folds of the perineal opening were smaller and less abundant in females and castrated males. The changes in castrated males are presumably linked to the hormonal changes and decreased secretion after castration. The dense keratin layer in the perineal sac was thicker in males than in both castrated males and females and could contribute to the concrement formation seen mainly in males.
Factors associated with fecal incontinence in women with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Chang Ting‐Chen , Chang Shiow‐Ru , Hsiao Sheng‐Mou , Hsiao Chin‐Fen , Chen Chi‐Hau , Lin Ho‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with fecal incontinence in female patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.Material and Methods:  Data regarding clinical and urodynamic parameters and history of fecal incontinence of 1334 women with lower urinary tract symptoms who had previously undergone urodynamic evaluation were collected and subjected to univariate, multivariate, and receiver–operator characteristic curve analysis to identify significant associations between these parameters and fecal incontinence.Results:  Multivariate analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.05, P = 0.005), presence of diabetes (OR = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.22–3.61, P = 0.007), presence of urodynamic stress incontinence (OR = 1.90, 95%CI = 1.24–2.91, P = 0.003), pad weight (OR = 1.01, 95%CI = 1.00–1.01, P = 0.04), and detrusor pressure at maximum flow (OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.01–1.03, P = 0.003) as independent risk factors for fecal incontinence. Receiver–operator characteristic curve analysis identified age ≥ 55 years, detrusor pressure at maximum flow ≥ 35 cmH2O, and pad weight ≥ 15 g as having positive predictive values of 11.4%, 11.5%, and 12.4%, respectively, thus indicating that they are the most predictive values in concomitant fecal incontinence.Conclusions:  Detrusor pressure at maximum flow and pad weight may be associated with fecal incontinence in female patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, but require confirmation as indicators by further study before their use as screening tools.
Inferring controls on the epidemiology of beech bark disease from spatial patterning of disease organisms
Authors: Garnas Jeffrey R. , Houston David R. , Twery Mark J. , Ayres Matthew P. , Evans Celia 
Published: January 2013

Spatial pattern in the distribution and abundance of organisms is an emergent property of collective rates of reproduction, survival and movement of individuals in a heterogeneous environment.The form, intensity and scale of spatial patterning can be used to test hypotheses regarding the relative importance of candidate processes to population dynamics.Using 84 plots across eastern North America, we studied populations of two associated plant parasites, the invasive felted beech scaleCryptococcus fagisugaLind. and the nativeNeonectriafungi, which together cause beech bark disease (BBD).We evaluated spatial patterns at the scales of trees within stands, stands within the forest and forests within the landscape to examine four hypothetically important factors in the ecology of the disease: (i) local contagion within stands; (ii) regional contagion, or among patch infection–reinfection dynamics; (iii) variation in host susceptibility linked to genetic and/or environmental heterogeneity; and (iv) climate effects on population growth of BBD organisms.Analyses revealed an unexpected lack of spatial aggregation in BBD populations among trees, stands and forests. This implies that propagule pressure is generally sufficiently high throughout the infested region of North America such that neither trees nor stands are spared from the disease by dispersal limitations of the disease agents. Furthermore, variation in tree and stand level susceptibility has minimal impact on BBD dynamics and climate is not a conspicuous driver of abundance within the core range of BBD.
Modeling Ambiguity in Census Microdata Allocations to Improve Demographic Small Area Estimates
Authors: Leyk Stefan , Buttenfield Barbara P. , Nagle Nicholas N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article describes a methodology for allocating demographic microdata to small enumeration areas such as census tracts, in the presence of underlying ambiguities. Maximum Entropy methods impute population weights that are constrained to match a set of census tract‐level summary statistics. Once allocated, the household characteristics are summarized to revise estimates of tract‐level demographic summary statistics, and to derive measures of ambiguity. The revised summary statistics are compared with original tract summaries within a context of expected variation. Allocation ambiguity is quantified for each household as a function of the distribution of imputed sample weights over all census tracts, and by computed metrics of confusion and variety of allocation to any census tract. The process reported here allows differentiation of households with regard to inherent ambiguity in the allocation decision. Ambiguity assessment represents an important component that has been neglected in spatial allocation work to date but can be seen as important additional knowledge for demographers and users of small area estimates. For the majority of tested variables, the revised tract level summaries correlate highly with original tract summary statistics. In addition to assessments for individual households, it is also possible to compute average allocation ambiguity for individual tracts, and to associate this with demographic characteristics not utilized in the allocation process.
A Pitch‐Class Set Space Odyssey, Told by Way of a Hexachord‐Induced System of Genera
Authors: Gates Bernard 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe notion that pitch‐class sets might occupy some form of multi‐dimensional space has engaged a number of theorists over the years. The ‘space odyssey’ in this article delves into several new issues, such as a methodology for the creation of a comprehensive array of bonded inclusional growth chains, the formation of a diatonic‐to‐chromatic, M5‐induced spectrum of symmetrically arranged set classes and a simple method for establishing levels of affinity between set classes. These investigations lead to the advancement of a sixfold system of genera and to hierarchical distributions of all set classes, furnishing a distinct shape or profile to the whole set‐class universe and to each of the genera. A productive way of producing a three‐dimensional model incorporating all set classes presents itself if four foci, the ‘bichromatic’ 6–7 (0,1,2,6,7,8), hexatonic 6–20 (0,1,4,5,8,9), octatonic 6–30 (0,1,3,6,7,9) and whole‐tone 6–35 (0,2,4,6,8,10), are granted their own spatial ‘homes’ at distant points on an M‐invariant axis placed perpendicular to a diatonic 6–32 (0,2,4,5,7,9) to chromatic 6–1 (0,1,2,3,4,5) axis. A transparent globe would seem to be the most suitable vehicle for the representation of this arrangement, where the chromatic and diatonic foci take the ‘north’ and ‘south’ poles and the other four take their positions around the ‘equator’.