bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid subsistences: towards a better understanding of northern livelihoods
Authors: Lien Marianne Elisabeth 
Published: May 2014

In this collection we learn about varied livelihoods that are roughly grouped as northern small-scale fisheries. Two messages are particularly salient, and hence they connect nearly all the papers:First, that small-scale fishing is paramount for social and cultural livelihoods, and an indispensable resource for reproduction of coastal communities. And second, that certain fish related practices are changing, or currently under threat, and thus threatening the core subsistence of coastal communities.
Expression Profile and Subcellular Localization of GAPDH in the Smooth Muscle Cells of Human Atherosclerotic Plaque: An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study with Biological Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Perrotta Ida , Aquila Saveria , Mazzulla Sergio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has long been considered a classical glycolytic enzyme involved exclusively in cytosolic energy production. Several recent studies, however, have demonstrated that GAPDH is a multifunctional protein whose presence and activity can be regulated by disease states and/or experimental manipulation. Expression levels of GAPDH have been shown to be altered in certain tumors as well as in proliferating and differentiating cells. Since dedifferentiation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are important features of human atherosclerosis, we have characterized the expression profile of GAPDH in the SMCs of atherosclerotic plaques and its putative interrelationship with the synthetic/proliferative status of these cells utilizing the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody, a valuable marker of cell proliferation. Western blot data revealed that GAPDH was significantly upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque specimens. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated that GAPDH accumulated in the nucleus of dedifferentiated SMCs that also showed positive immunoreactivity for PCNA, but remained cytoplasmatic in the contractile SMCs (PCNA-negative), thus reflecting the proliferative, structural and synthetic differences between them. We suggest that, in human atherosclerotic plaque, GAPDH might exert additional functions that are independent of its well-documented glycolytic activity and might play key roles in development of the disease.
Coliphage HK022 Nun protein inhibits RNA polymerase translocation
Authors: Vitiello Christal L. , Kireeva Maria L. , Lubkowska Lucyna , Kashlev Mikhail , Gottesman Max 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Gene expression can be regulated at the level of transcription elongation. Coliphage HK022 Nun protein suppresses coliphage λ development by inhibiting transcription elongation. We have determined the mechanism of Nun action in a purified in vitro transcription system. Nun blocks RNA polymerase (RNAP) lateral movement on the DNA template, thereby preventing translocation. Nun requires a 9- to 10-bp RNA–DNA hybrid and recognizes RNA or DNA sequences at the 5′ end of the hybrid. Suppression of lateral movement of RNAP represents a newly described regulatory mechanism.
Mythical Past and Historied Present: Another Interpretation of a Polychrome Vessel from Nochixtlan, Oaxaca
Authors: Urcid Javier 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study presents an alternative interpretation of one of the most aesthetically charged objects known from southwestern Mesoamerica, a tripod vessel seemingly manufactured in the fifteenth century CE. The analysis links the content of the visual narrative painted on the vessel with the use of the object, a function glyphically described around its neck. I argue that the binary structure of the depicted imagery and of the myth of origin encoded in the narrative was dialectically projected into the historical social field that motivated the commissioning of the artifact: a marital alliance to unite two powerful noble houses in order to forge a new dynasty. The deployment of the vessel to drink cacao during a marriage ceremony helps explain how its inscribed surface was meant to be read, and the depicted archetypical toponyms are hypothetically identified with lived places in the valleys of Nochixtlan and Coixtlahuaca.
Characterization of fractures and faults: a multi‐component passive microseismic study from the Ekofisk reservoir
Authors: Jones G.A. , Kendall J.‐M. , Bastow I. , Raymer D.G. , Wuestefeld A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTFractures and faults within a reservoir can provide important pathways for the movement of reservoir fluids. Understanding the character and properties of these features on a range of length scales can be vital for the efficient exploitation of natural resources, whether it be enhanced oil and gas recovery, the safe storage of CO2, or better exploitation of geothermal heat. The monitoring of microseismicity within a reservoir illuminates active faults, but these events can be also used to characterize fracture networks through measurements of seismic anisotropy. In this study we use microseismic data acquired over an 18‐day period in April 1997 at the Ekofisk oil field in the North Sea. Using the analysis of seismic multiplets we delineate a number of sub‐vertical tectonic faults, which are consistent with previous core data analysis and seismic reflection work. We use shear wave splitting measurements, which are indicative of fracture‐induced seismic anisotropy, to infer the orientation of aligned aseismic fracture sets within the reservoir. The estimated fracture dip and strike from the shear wave splitting analysis are consistent with the active tectonic fractures characterized by the multiplets, but this analysis also illuminates spatial variations in fracture properties. Such monitoring on a longer term and with multiple wells is a promising tool for better understanding fracture and fault‐controlled flow within reservoirs.
National Academy of Sciences “Standardization”: On What Terms?
Authors: Bunch Ann W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe frequently cited 2009 National Academy of Sciences Report entitled “Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward” has become a focal point of forensic science practitioners' discussions and research since its publication. One of its recommendations is “Standardized Terminology and Reporting”. Little has been published to date on this topic, although conversations and dialogs on the subject are ongoing. The upshot of this communication is to draw attention to the problem of one term in particular, perimortem, which may be only the proverbial “tip of the iceberg” in the lexicon‐related concerns of forensic scientists. Even if it is an isolated issue, it is one that reflects the need for a consensus on term use and definitions by interdisciplinary practitioners who are currently using the term haphazardly, to the confusion of colleagues and potentially finders‐of‐fact in the courts.
Pyriproxyfen promotes lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes by enhancement of TR4 activity
Authors: Choi Hojung , Kim Eungseok 
Published: May 2014

AbstractInsect hormones and their synthetic analogs have been suggested to modulate gene expression in mammals. Thus, we investigated to determine the role of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone (JH) analog, in the transcriptional activity of TR4, which functions as a key modulator of energy homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that 100 μM pyriproxyfen enhances TR4 transcriptional activity with increase of expression of TR4 target genes such as FATP1 and PEPCK in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, pyriproxyfen treatment resulted in increase of lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells. In reporter gene assays, pyriproxyfen promotes TR4 transactivation of the reporter genes linked to different target gene promoters. Knockdown of TR4 in 3T3‐L1 cells abolished promoting effect of 100 μM pyriproxyfen on lipid accumulation and expression of lipogenic genes, suggesting that pyriproxyfen may regulate adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 cells via modulation of TR4 transcriptional activity. Together, our results suggest that pyriproxyfen, a JH analog, may modulate lipid homeostasis in adipocytes via regulation of TR4 activity.
Predicting walnut (Juglans spp.) crop yield using meteorological and airborne pollen data
Authors: Prentović M. , Radišić P. , Smith M. , Šikoparija B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCrop yield determines economy by influencing prices on the trade market, and so accurate forecasts of the yield are important for planning various aspects of agricultural production. The main aim of this study is to construct a model for predicting walnut yield in an important walnut production area (the region of Novi Sad in Northern Serbia). Relationships between the amount of walnuts produced annually (2000–2011) and abiotic (e.g. meteorological) and biotic (e.g. airborne pollen data) factors were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. Walnut yield data were then entered into linear regression models with variables that had the highest correlations. The models were constructed using 10 years of data, and tested using 2 years of data not included in constructing the model. This paper has shown that walnut yield is greatly dependent on weather conditions, particularly during fertilisation and seed growth, but the amount of available airborne pollen also plays an important role. The introduction of the seasonal pollen index, as a proxy for the amount of pollen available for fertilisation, improved the performance of models predicting walnut yield.
Plasma profile of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in cocaine users under outpatient treatment: influence of cocaine symptom severity and psychiatric co‐morbidity
Authors: Araos Pedro , Pedraz María , Serrano Antonia , Lucena Miguel , Barrios Vicente , García‐Marchena Nuria , Campos‐Cloute Rafael , Ruiz Juan J. , Romero Pablo , Suárez Juan , Baixeras Elena , de la Torre Rafael , Montesinos Jorge , Guerri Consuelo , Rodríguez‐Arias Marta , Miñarro José , Martínez‐Riera Roser , Torrens Marta , Chowen Julie A. , Argente Jesús , Mason Barbara J. , Pavón Francisco J. , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe treatment for cocaine use constitutes a clinical challenge because of the lack of appropriate therapies and the high rate of relapse. Recent evidence indicates that the immune system might be involved in the pathogenesis of cocaine addiction and its co‐morbid psychiatric disorders. This work examined the plasma pro‐inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profile in abstinent cocaine users (n = 82) who sought outpatient cocaine treatment and age/sex/body mass‐matched controls (n = 65). Participants were assessed with the diagnostic interview Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Diseases according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM‐IV‐TR). Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2/monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)/stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) were decreased in cocaine users, although all cytokines were identified as predictors of a lifetime pathological use of cocaine. Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1)/fractalkine and CXCL12/SDF‐1 positively correlated with the cocaine symptom severity when using the DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for cocaine abuse/dependence. These cytokines allowed the categorization of the outpatients into subgroups according to severity, identifying a subgroup of severe cocaine users (9–11 criteria) with increased prevalence of co‐morbid psychiatric disorders [mood (54%), anxiety (32%), psychotic (30%) and personality (60%) disorders]. IL‐1β was observed to be increased in users with such psychiatric disorders relative to those users with no diagnosis. In addition to these clinical data, studies in mice demonstrated that plasma IL‐1β, CX3CL1 and CXCL12 were also affected after acute and chronic cocaine administration, providing a preclinical model for further research. In conclusion, cocaine exposure modifies the circulating levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators. Plasma cytokine/chemokine monitoring could improve the stratification of cocaine consumers seeking treatment and thus facilitate the application of appropriate interventions, including management of heightened risk of psychiatric co‐morbidity. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of the immune system in the etiology of cocaine addiction.
Depression screening among older adults attending low‐vision rehabilitation and eye‐care services: Characteristics of those who screen positive and client acceptability of screening
Authors: Holloway Edith E. , Sturrock Bonnie A. , Lamoureux Ecosse L. , Keeffe Jill E. , Rees Gwyneth 
Published: May 2014

AimTo investigate characteristics associated with screening positive for depressive symptoms among older adults accessing low‐vision rehabilitation and eye‐care services and to determine client acceptability of depression screening using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2) in these settings.MethodsOne‐hundred and twenty‐four older adults (mean = 77.02 years, SD = 9.12) attending low‐vision rehabilitation and eye‐care services across Australia were screened for depression and invited to complete a telephone‐administered questionnaire to determine characteristics associated with depressive symptoms and client acceptability of screening in these settings.ResultsThirty‐seven per cent (n = 46/124) of participants screened positive for depressive symptoms, and the majority considered the new depression screening method to be a ‘good idea’ in vision services (85%). Severe vision loss (<6/60 in the better eye) was associated with an increased odds of screening positive for depressive symptoms (odds ratio 2.37; 95% confidence interval 1.08–6.70) even after adjusting for potential confounders. Participants who screened positive had a preference for ‘talking’ therapy or a combination of medication and ‘talking therapy’ delivered within their own home (73%) or via telephone (67%).ConclusionThe PHQ‐2 appears to be an acceptable method for depression screening in eye‐care settings among older adults. Targeted interventions that incorporate home‐based or telephone delivered therapy sessions may improve outcomes for depression in this group.
Effect of captopril on collagen metabolisms in keloid fibroblast cells
Authors: Chen Junjie , Zhao Sha , Liu Yong , Cen Ying , Nicolas Crook 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundKeloid is a proliferative disease of fibrous tissues. The mechanism and consistently effective treatments of keloid remained unknown. Although there was a report about treating keloid with topical captopril, the further investigation about captopril affecting keloid has not been performed so far.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse the effect of captopril on collagen metabolisms in keloid fibroblast cells, and to provide information for the mechanism and therapy of keloid.MethodsTo investigate the effects and relative mechanism of captopril on keloid fibroblast cells, we examined the changes of collagen metabolism, expression of angiotensin, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), and cellular proliferation in keloid fibroblast cells.ResultsWe found that all collagen metabolisms, expression of TGF‐β1, PDGF‐BB and HSP47, and cellular proliferation decreased significantly with effective captopril concentrations in keloid fibroblast cells.ConclusionsWith a comprehensive analysis of test results, we proposed that captopril may decrease the expression of angiotensin, PDGF‐BB, TGF‐β1 and HSP47, and further inhibit proliferation and collagen synthesis of keloid fibroblast cells, which were the key in keloid formation.
USL255 extended‐release topiramate: Dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics and tolerability in healthy volunteers
Authors: Clark Annie M. , Halvorsen Mark B. , Braun Tricia L. , Johnson Krista M. , Cloyd James C. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryObjectiveEvaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of single doses of once‐daily USL255, Qudexy XR (topiramate) extended‐release capsules, over a wide dosing range.MethodsTwo single‐dose, phase I studies in healthy adults were used to evaluate the PK profile and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of USL255 from 25–1,400 mg. Standard PK parameters assessed included area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). Dose proportionality, linearity, and intersubject and intrasubject variability (coefficient of variation [%CV]) of AUC and Cmax were evaluated. Investigator‐reported adverse events (AEs) were obtained throughout the studies.ResultsAfter the initial increase in plasma concentration levels immediately following administration of USL255 25–1,400 mg, plasma topiramate concentration‐time profiles were flat up to 24 h after dosing. AUC was dose proportional from 25–1,400 mg, and Cmax was dose proportional from 50–1,400 mg; both AUC and Cmax were linear across the entire dose range. Low intersubject and intrasubject %CV values were observed for AUC0−t, AUC0−∞, and Cmax (intersubject %CV: 20.2, 19.6, and 22.4%, respectively; intrasubject %CV of dose‐normalized mean values: 10.8, 8.2, and 13.2%, respectively). USL255 was generally safe and well tolerated with MTD established at 1,200 mg.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that USL255 provides consistent plasma topiramate exposure across an extended‐dosing interval and predictable plasma topiramate concentrations over a wide dosing range. Overall, the favorable safety profile and consistency of exposure suggest once‐daily USL255 can be a useful treatment option for patients with epilepsy.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Antiepileptic activity of preferential inhibitors of persistent sodium current
Authors: Anderson Lyndsey L. , Thompson Christopher H. , Hawkins Nicole A. , Nath Ravi D. , Petersohn Adam A. , Rajamani Sridharan , Bush William S. , Frankel Wayne N. , Vanoye Carlos G. , Kearney Jennifer A. , George Alfred L. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryObjectiveEvidence from basic neurophysiology and molecular genetics has implicated persistent sodium current conducted by voltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channels as a contributor to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Many antiepileptic drugs target NaV channels and modulate neuronal excitability, mainly by a use‐dependent block of transient sodium current, although suppression of persistent current may also contribute to the efficacy of these drugs. We hypothesized that a drug or compound capable of preferential inhibition of persistent sodium current would have antiepileptic activity.MethodsWe examined the antiepileptic activity of two selective persistent sodium current blockers ranolazine, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drug for treatment of angina pectoris, and GS967, a novel compound with more potent effects on persistent current, in the epileptic Scn2aQ54 mouse model. We also examined the effect of GS967 in the maximal electroshock model and evaluated effects of the compound on neuronal excitability, propensity for hilar neuron loss, development of mossy fiber sprouting, and survival of Scn2aQ54 mice.ResultsWe found that ranolazine was capable of reducing seizure frequency by approximately 50% in Scn2aQ54 mice. The more potent persistent current blocker GS967 reduced seizure frequency by >90% in Scn2aQ54 mice and protected against induced seizures in the maximal electroshock model. GS967 greatly attenuated abnormal spontaneous action potential firing in pyramidal neurons acutely isolated from Scn2aQ54 mice. In addition to seizure suppression in vivo, GS967 treatment greatly improved the survival of Scn2aQ54 mice, prevented hilar neuron loss, and suppressed the development of hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting.SignificanceOur findings indicate that the selective persistent sodium current blocker GS967 has potent antiepileptic activity and that this compound could inform development of new agents.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Helicobacter hepaticus Cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase is Essential for Establishing Colonization in Male A/JCr Mice
Authors: Ge Zhongming , Feng Yan , Muthupalani Sureshkumar , Whary Mark T. , Versalovic James , Fox James G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase (cgt) is essential for survival of H. pylori in mice. Enterohepatic H. hepaticus, the cause of colonic and hepatocellular carcinoma in susceptible mouse strains, contains an ortholog of the H. pylori cgt. However, the role of cgt in the pathogenesis of H. hepaticus has not been investigated.Materials and MethodsTwo cgt‐deficient isogenic mutants of wild‐type H. hepaticus (WT) 3B1 were generated and used to inoculate male A/JCr mice. Cecal and hepatic colonization levels of the mutants and WT 3B1 as well as select inflammation‐associated cytokines were measured by qPCR at 4 months postinoculation.ResultsBoth mutants were undetectable in the cecum of any inoculated mice (10 per mutant) but were detected in two livers (one for each mutant); by contrast, 9 and 7 of 10 mice inoculated with WT 3B1 were qPCR positive in the ceca and livers, respectively. The mice inoculated with the mutants developed significantly less severe hepatic inflammation (p < .05) and also produced significantly lower hepatic mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines Ifn‐γ (p < .01) and Tnf‐α (p ≤ .02) as well as anti‐inflammatory factors Il10 and Foxp3 compared with the WT 3B1‐inoculated mice. Additionally, the WT 3B1‐inoculated mice developed significantly higher Th1‐associated IgG2a (p < .0001) and Th2‐associated IgG1 responses (p < .0001) to H. hepaticus infection than mice dosed with isogenic cgt mutants.ConclusionOur data indicate that the cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase is required for establishing colonization of the intestine and liver and therefore plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of H. hepaticus.
Impaired compensatory beta‐cell function and growth in response to high‐fat diet in LDL receptor knockout mice
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo B. d. , Carvalho Carolina P. d. F. , Polo Carla C. , Dorighello Gabriel d. G. , Boschero Antônio C. , Oliveira Helena C. F. d. , Collares‐Buzato Carla B. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIn this study, we investigated the effect of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) deficiency on gap junctional connexin 36 (Cx36) islet content and on the functional and growth response of pancreatic beta‐cells in C57BL/6 mice fed a high‐fat (HF) diet. After 60 days on regular or HF diet, the metabolic state and morphometric islet parameters of wild‐type (WT) and LDLr−/− mice were assessed. HF diet‐fed WT animals became obese and hypercholesterolaemic as well as hyperglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic, glucose intolerant and insulin resistant, characterizing them as prediabetic. Also they showed a significant decrease in beta‐cell secretory response to glucose. Overall, LDLr−/− mice displayed greater susceptibility to HF diet as judged by their marked cholesterolaemia, intolerance to glucose and pronounced decrease in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. HF diet induced similarly in WT and LDLr−/− mice, a significant decrease in Cx36 beta‐cell content as revealed by immunoblotting. Prediabetic WT mice displayed marked increase in beta‐cell mass mainly due to beta‐cell hypertrophy/replication. Nevertheless, HF diet‐fed LDLr−/− mice showed no significant changes in beta‐cell mass, but lower islet–duct association (neogenesis) and higher beta‐cell apoptosis index were seen as compared to controls. The higher metabolic susceptibility to HF diet of LDLr−/− mice may be explained by a deficiency in insulin secretory response to glucose associated with lack of compensatory beta‐cell expansion.