bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety study of 38 503 intravitreal ranibizumab injections performed mainly by physicians in training and nurses in a hospital setting
Authors: Hasler Pascal W. , Brandi Bloch Sara , Villumsen Jørgen , Fuchs Josefine , Lund‐Andersen Henrik , Larsen Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and to compare the safety of intravitreal ranibizumab injections performed by physicians and nurses at a single large hospital clinic in Denmark during 5 years.DesignRetrospective, interventional, non‐comparative study.MethodsSetting: All eyes that underwent a protocolized ranibizumab injection procedure performed in an operating room mainly by nurses and physicians in their first year of ophthalmology training. Study population: A total of 4623 eyes in 3679 patients with subretinal neovascularization secondary to a variety of retinal diseases, mainly neovascular AMD treated with intravitreal therapy (IVT) at the Glostrup Hospital from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011 with a mean follow‐up of 12.2 months (95% confidence interval: 11.9–12.6). Main outcome measures: Frequency of endophthalmitis, traumatic cataract, intraocular haemorrhage and retinal detachment from 2007 to 2012.ResultsOverall, 38 503 intravitreal ranibizumab injections were performed in 4623 eyes. Injections were performed by nurses (32.5%), ophthalmology residents (61.3%) and vitreoretinal surgeons (6.2%). Severe complications to treatment were observed in 17 eyes: Endophthalmitis (14 eyes, 0.36 ‰ of injections whereof seven cases were culture‐positive), anterior uveitis (one eye, 0.026 ‰), traumatic cataract (one eye, 0.026 ‰) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (one eye, 0.026 ‰). Retinal pigment epithelial tears were registered in 14 eyes in 14 subjects within the first year of treatment with ranibizumab. Of the 14 cases of endophthalmitis, seven occurred within a period of 5 weeks in 2010 when occasionally abnormal needle outflow resistance prompted the needle replacement in the operating room. No drug‐related adverse events were recorded.ConclusionsIntravitreal ranibizumab injection performed by nurses and physicians without preinjection topical antibiotics was associated with a rate of injection‐related adverse events of 0.44 ‰.
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) antigen in obese and normal weight subjects
Authors: Salamati S. , Martins C. , Kulseng B. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBaker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell wall components have been used as one of the alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in the feed industry. Antibodies to cell wall mannan of this yeast (ASCA) have been traditionally used in the study of Crohn's disease (CD). We applied ASCA in relation to obesity. This study aims (i) to determine the concentration of ASCA (immunoglobulin A [IgA] and immunoglobulin G [IgG]) in obese compared with normal weight individuals and (ii) to determine if there is a correlation between ASCA concentrations, obesity indices and C‐reactive protein. Forty obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] > 35 kg m−2) and 18 healthy (BMI < 25 kg m−2) volunteers participated in this case–control study. Binding activity of serum IgA and IgG to the cell wall mannan of S. cerevisiae was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. More than one‐third of the obese individual (35%) showed elevated titres of ASCA compared with the control group (5%). This antibody was positively associated with weight (P = 0.01), BMI (P = 0.02) and waist circumference (P = 0.02), but not with C‐reactive protein. It seems that ASCA are not only specific for CD but are also associated with obesity. S. cerevisiae or a related antigen may play a role in the matrix of this complex condition.
Diabetes nutrition therapy and dietary intake among individuals with Type 1 diabetes in China
Authors: Jaacks L. M. , Liu W. , Ji L. , Mendez M. A. , Du S. , Crandell J. , Rosamond W. , Mayer‐Davis E. J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsTo describe the contribution of diabetes nutrition therapy to disease self‐management among individuals with Type 1 diabetes in China and to estimate the association of diabetes nutrition therapy with dietary intake.MethodsThe 3C Study was an epidemiological study of the coverage, cost and care of Type 1 diabetes in China. The data reported in the present study are from the 3C Nutrition Ancillary Study, a follow‐up study conducted a mean ± sd of 1.6 ± 0.2 years later. Diabetes nutrition therapy was assessed by an interviewer‐administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24‐h recalls. The association of diabetes nutrition therapy with dietary intake was estimated using ancova.ResultsParticipants (n = 100; 54% male) had a mean ± sd age of 41.7 ± 16.3 years and a mean ± sd diabetes duration of 11.8 ± 9.7 years. Fewer than half of the participants reported that they had ‘ever’ met with a dietitian. While 64% of participants were taught carbohydrate counting, only 12% ‘ever’ use this tool. Participants on insulin pumps and those testing ≥ 1 time/day reported greater dietary flexibility and higher fruit intakes compared with participants on other insulin regimens and testing less frequently. After adjustment for confounding by age and occupation, there were no consistent differences in dietary intake across subgroups of diabetes nutrition therapy.ConclusionsIn this sample of individuals with Type 1 diabetes in China there is little dietitian involvement or carbohydrate counting. Increased frequency of nutrition education in conjunction with intensified self‐monitoring of blood glucose is needed to improve care.
The development of equine immunity: Current knowledge on immunology in the young horse
Authors: Perkins G. A. , Wagner B. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe development of equine immunity from the fetus to adulthood is complex. The foal's immune response and the immune mechanisms that they are equipped with, along with changes over the first months of life until the immune system becomes adult‐like, are only partially understood. While several innate immune responses seem to be fully functional from birth, the onset of adaptive immune response is delayed. For some adaptive immune parameters, such as immunoglobin (Ig)G1,IgG3,IgG5andIgAantibodies, the immune response starts before or at birth and matures within 3 months of life. Other antibody responses, such asIgG4,IgG7andIgEproduction, slowly develop within the first year of life until they reach adult levels. Similar differences have been observed for adaptiveTcell responses. Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) production byThelper 1 (Th1)‐cells and cytotoxicTcells starts shortly after birth with low level production that gradually increases during the first year of life. In contrast, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) produced byTh2‐cells is almost undetectable in the first 3 months of life. These findings offer some explanation for the increased susceptibility of foals to certain pathogens such asRhodococcus equi. The delay inTh‐cell development and in particularTh2immunity during the first months of life also provides an explanation for the reduced responsiveness of young horses to most traditional vaccines. In summary, all immune components of adult horses seem to exist in foals but the orchestrating and regulation of the immune response in immature horses is strikingly different. Young foals are fully competent and can perform certain immune responses but many mechanisms have yet to mature. Additional work is needed to improve our understanding of immunity and immune regulation in young horses, to identify the preferred immune pathways that they are using and ultimately provide new preventive strategies to protect against infectious disease.
Climate Change Response at the Farm Level: A Review of Farmers’ Awareness and Adaptation Strategies in Developing Countries
Authors: Harmer Nichola , Rahman Sanzidur 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of farmers’ awareness and a typology of adaptation strategies undertaken in order to combat climate change at the farm‐level in developing countries. The review suggests that the extent to which farmers are aware of climate change is uneven, and the link between perception and action is often unclear. Farmers adopt a range of strategies from financial responses, to agricultural changes, to religious and cultural strategies, to the use of local and wider support networks. However, whether these actions are adaptation or coping strategies is debatable. Response to climate change has both spatial and temporal dimensions; and a host of socio‐economic factors (e.g., lack of resources, gender or cultural identities) influence adaptation strategies. Finally, these adaptation strategies can be seen as nested within broadly defined livelihood strategies.
Groundwater Governance in the United States: Common Priorities and Challenges
Authors: Megdal Sharon B. , Gerlak Andrea K. , Varady Robert G. , Huang Ling‐Yee 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGroundwater is a critical component of the water supply for agriculture, urban areas, industry, and ecosystems, but managing it is a challenge because groundwater is difficult to map, quantify, and evaluate. Until recently, study and assessment of governance of this water resource has been largely neglected. A survey was developed to query state agency officials about the extent and scope of groundwater use, groundwater laws and regulations, and groundwater tools and strategies. Survey responses revealed key findings: states' legal frameworks for groundwater differ widely in recognizing the hydrologic connection between surface water and groundwater, the needs of groundwater‐dependent ecosystems, and the protection of groundwater quality; states reported a range in capacity to enforce groundwater responsibilities; and states have also experienced substantial changes in groundwater governance in the past few decades. Overall, groundwater governance across the United States is fragmented. States nevertheless identified three common priorities for groundwater governance: water quality and contamination, conflicts between users, and declining groundwater levels. This survey represents an initial step in a broader, continuing effort to characterize groundwater governance practices in the United States.
Sustainable Capture: Concepts for Managing Stream‐Aquifer Systems
Authors: Davids Jeffrey C. , Mehl Steffen W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMost surface water bodies (i.e., streams, lakes, etc.) are connected to the groundwater system to some degree so that changes to surface water bodies (either diversions or importations) can change flows in aquifer systems, and pumping from an aquifer can reduce discharge to, or induce additional recharge from streams, springs, and lakes. The timescales of these interactions are often very long (decades), making sustainable management of these systems difficult if relying only on observations of system responses. Instead, management scenarios are often analyzed based on numerical modeling. In this paper we propose a framework and metrics that can be used to relate the Theis concepts of capture to sustainable measures of stream‐aquifer systems. We introduce four concepts: Sustainable Capture Fractions, Sustainable Capture Thresholds, Capture Efficiency, and Sustainable Groundwater Storage that can be used as the basis for developing metrics for sustainable management of stream‐aquifer systems. We demonstrate their utility on a hypothetical stream‐aquifer system where pumping captures both streamflow and discharge to phreatophytes at different amounts based on pumping location. In particular, Capture Efficiency (CE) can be easily understood by both scientists and non‐scientist alike, and readily identifies vulnerabilities to sustainable stream‐aquifer management when its value exceeds 100%.
Trends in Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Māori, Pacific, and European Birth Cohorts in New Zealand
Authors: McDonald Andrea M. , Sarfati Diana , Baker Michael G. , Blakely Tony 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this paper is to estimate the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the New Zealand population by ethnicity and year of birth.MethodsA systematic search identified seven studies in New Zealand that reported prevalence of H. pylori infection among 4463 participants. Prevalence data were pooled to estimate the Māori, Pacific, and European seroprevalence of H. pylori in four birth cohorts (1926–40, 1941–55, 1956–70, and 1971–85), by assuming that infection is acquired in childhood and seroprevalence is stable with aging. The best estimates of national seroprevalence were obtained by geographic regional weighting and corrections for selection and measurement bias.ResultsInfection rates among all ethnic groups declined in more recent birth cohorts. Prevalence was highest among Pacific peoples (ranging from 39–83%) followed by Māori (18–57%) and then European (7–35%). The absolute ethnic differences in seroprevalence decreased in subsequent cohorts, but the relative ethnic differences increased.ConclusionsThere is scope to much further reduce Māori and especially Pacific people's risk of H. pylori infection. Solutions to reduce H. pylori prevalence and its sequelae should focus on people at greatest risk of the infection. Further evaluation of strategies to address H. pylori infection is warranted. Interventions to be evaluated could include household crowding reduction and eradication therapy for asymptomatic infected persons to reduce their risk of noncardia stomach cancer.
Early Failure of the Biotronik Linox Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Lead
Authors: PADFIELD GARETH J. , STEINBERG CHRISTIAN , KARIM SHAHZAD S. , TUNG STANLEY , BENNETT MATTHEW T. , LE MAITRE JOHN P. , BASHIR JAMIL 
Published: November 2014

Early Failure of the Biotronik LinoxIntroductionThe Linox and Durata implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads were introduced to British Columbia (BC) in 2008. We determined their performance and the potential risk factors for lead failure in a large population‐based patient registry.Methods and ResultsWe used the BC Cardiac Registry, a mandatory Governmental database of ICD implants, to identify all recipients of Linox and Durata leads in BC between October 2008 and April 2012, and those subsequently undergoing reoperation. Lead failure was defined as recurrent nonphysiological high‐rate sensing unrelated to external electromagnetic interference or T‐wave oversensing; a sudden rise in impedance unrelated to perforation or lead dislodgement; or abnormal lead parameters with definite evidence of lead fracture or insulation failure. We determined the estimated cumulative lead survival by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the risk factors for lead failure in a proportional hazards model. Over a median of 39 (27–50) months, the Linox failed more frequently than the Durata (16/477 [3.4%] vs. 4/838 [0.4%]; P < 0.001), and had a significantly lower estimated cumulative survival (91.6 [80.6–96.5]% vs. 99.4 [98.4–99.8]% at 5 years; P < 0.0001). Linox failure was characterized by high‐rate nonphysiological sensing (11 cases), and/or a sudden impedance rise (7 cases). Insulation failure was clearly confirmed in 6 cases of Linox failure. Female sex was a significant risk factor for Linox failure (adjusted HR = 2.1[1.3–3.4]; P = 0.004).ConclusionsThis multicenter registry indicates a high rate of Linox lead failure, particularly in female patients. Ongoing surveillance of the Linox ICD lead performance is recommended.
Smoking is associated with combined allergic and irritant hand eczema, contact allergies and hyperhidrosis
Authors: Molin S. , Ruzicka T. , Herzinger T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of chronic hand eczema (CHE) is multifactorial. Certain life‐style factors have been suggested as potential triggers of the disease, among them tobacco smoking. However, the few studies addressing the influence of smoking on CHE have been more or less limited to occupational hand eczema.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to investigate the association of smoking status with clinical features like contact sensitization, irritant exposure, atopy and hyperhidrosis in a thoroughly characterized cohort of CHE patients.MethodsA total of 153 patients with CHE underwent clinical examination and an interview about their history and course of disease.ResultsSignificantly more smokers suffered from combined allergic and irritant hand eczema (25/86) than non‐smokers (7/67; P < 0.05). Nickel sensitization and palmar hyperhidrosis tended to be more frequent among smokers than among non‐smokers (nickel: 17/86 smokers, 6/67 non‐smokers; hyperhidrosis: 21/84 smokers, 8/64 non‐smokers). Among the smoking CHE patients with palmar hyperhidrosis, a significant proportion had contact allergies relevant contact allergies (16/21, P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results reveal a predominance of smokers among patients with combined allergic and irritant hand eczema as well as with hyperhidrosis and relevant contact sensitizations.
Poultry Carcasses Chilled by Forced Air, Water Immersion and Combination of Forced Air and Water Immersion
Authors: Rodrigues L.G.G. , Carciofi B.A.M. , Laurindo J.B. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConventional chilling methods such as forced air (FA) and water immersion (WI) are used in the industry to chill poultry carcasses from approximately 40 to 4C, which is essential to improve safety. Besides both processes, a combined method (CO) of WI and FA has been reported in the literature. The objective of this investigation was to compare the chilling of poultry carcasses by FA, WI and CO using an experimental apparatus specially designed for this purpose. Time‐temperature evolutions of pectoral muscle and carcass mass variations during the chilling processes were determined under different chilling conditions, comprising different air velocities and relative humidities (RH). The results showed that it is possible to reduce the water loss (approximately 50%) and chilling time (reduction between 14.5 and 1.5%) of FA process using CO process. Air velocity and RH ranges can be varied to take advantage of evaporative chilling and to reduce the carcasses water loss.Practical ApplicationsIn the factories, poultry carcasses are chilled from approximately 40 to 4C by water immersion, which is crucial to ensure safe products. However, air chilling (AC) has been often used for safety reason and due to the limited availability of water. On the contrary, wetting the carcasses avoids excessive moisture loss in air chillers, whereas the evaporation of the water adhered to the carcass surface may assist the chilling process. The present paper evaluates the effectiveness of AC and of a combined chilling method (CC) (AC combined with water immersion chilling) of poultry carcasses at different relative humidity and air velocities. The results showed that the CC process was shorter and reduced carcasses weight loss compared with the AC process.
Gustav Senn (1875–1945): The pioneer of chloroplast movement research
Authors: Kataoka Hironao 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGustav Senn analyzed for the first time light‐induced movement and arrangement of chloroplasts. Using many plant species he performed physiological analyses of chloroplast migration in response to external stimuli, with emphasis on light. He determined light paths within a cell by measuring refractive indices and optical thickness of cellular compartments and confirmed that chloroplasts migrate towards the region where the light intensity is optimum. After 6 to 7 years' concentrated study, Senn published the famous monograph “Die Gestalts‐ und Lageveränderung der Pflanzen‐ Chromatophoren”(The Changes in Shape and Position of Plant Chloroplasts) in 1908. This book has stimulated many plant physiologists and photobiologists, because Senn not only thoroughly classified and defined various types of light‐induced chloroplast migration but also already described possible interaction of different photoreceptor systems inMougeotiamore than 50 years before the discovery of phytochrome. This book also contains still useful experimental hints and overlooked findings on the interaction between light and other factors, such as temperature, water content, and nourishment. After publishing this book, Senn retreated from the study of chloroplasts and became a researcher of the Greek philosopher, Theophrastus. In this review, I introduce his biographical background and then summarize some of his key research accomplishment.Hironao Kataoka
Exome sequencing reveals mutations in MFN2 and GDAP1 in severe Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Kostera‐Pruszczyk Anna , Kosinska Joanna , Pollak Agnieszka , Stawinski Piotr , Walczak Anna , Wasilewska Krystyna , Potulska‐Chromik Anna , Szczudlik Piotr , Kaminska Anna , Ploski Rafal 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of our study was to characterize electrophysiologically and explain the genetic cause of severe Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) in a 3.5‐year‐old with asymptomatic parents and a maternal grandfather with a history of mild adult‐onset axonal neuropathy. Severity of neuropathy was assessed by Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy score (CMTNS). Whole‐exome sequencing was performed using an Illumina TruSeq Exome Enrichment Kit on the HiSeq 1500 with results followed up by Sanger sequencing on an ABI Prism 3500XL (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Paternity was confirmed using a panel of 15 hypervariable markers. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated severe axonal sensory‐motor neuropathy in the proband, mild motor neuropathy in his mother, and mild sensory‐motor neuropathy in his grandfather. CMTNS in the proband, his mother, and grandfather was 21, 1, and 12, respectively. On genetic analysis, the boy was found to carry a heterozygous dominant MFN2 T236M mutation transmitted via the maternal line and a de novo GDAP1 H123R mutation. Our findings emphasize the need to search for more than one causative mutation when significant intrafamilial variability of CMT phenotype occurs and underline the role of whole‐exome sequencing in the diagnosis of compound forms of CMT disease.
Majoring in Selection, and Minoring in Socialization: The Role of the College Experience in Goal Change Post–High School
Authors: Hill Patrick L. , Jackson Joshua J. , Nagy Nicole , Nagy Gabriel , Roberts Brent W. , Lüdtke Oliver , Trautwein Ulrich 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThough it is frequently assumed that the college experience can influence our life goals, this claim has been relatively understudied. The current study examined the role of goals in college major selection, as well as whether major selection influences later goal change. In addition, we examined whether a person's perceptions of his or her peers' goals influence goal setting. Using a sample of German students (Mage = 19 years; n = 3,023 at Wave 1), we assessed life goal levels and changes from high school into college across three assessment occasions. Participants reported their current aspirations, along with the perceived goals of their peers during the college assessments. Using latent growth curve models, findings suggest that life goals upon entering college significantly predict the majors students select. However, this major selection had limited influence on later changes in life goals. Stronger effects were found with respect to perceptions of peers' goals, with students tending to change their goals to better align with their peers. The current study provides evidence that life goals are relatively stable and yet can change during the emerging adult years, in ways that demonstrate the potential influence of the college experience.