bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vermicomposting of food waste: assessing the stability and maturity
Authors: Majlessi Monireh , Eslami Akbar , Najafi Saleh Hossein , Mirshafieean Simin , Babaii Sara 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The vermicompost using earthworms (Eisenia Fetida) was produced from food waste and chemical parameters (EC, pH, carbon to nitrogen contents (C/N)) and germination bioassay was examined in order to assess the stability and maturity indicators during the vermicomposting process. The seed used in the germination bioassay was cress. The ranges of EC, pH, C/N and germination index were 7.5-4.9 mS/cm, 5.6-7.53, 30.13-14.32% and 12.8-58.4%, respectively. The germination index (GI) value revealed that vermicompost rendered as moderate phytotoxic to cress seed. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the parameters. High statistically significant correlation coefficient was calculated between the GI value and EC in the vermicompost at the 99% confidence level. The C/N value showed that the vermicompost was stable. As a result of these observations, stability test alone, was not able to ensure high vermicompost quality. Therefore, it appears that determining vermicompost quality requires a simultaneous use of maturity and stability tests.
Anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory effects of peptide fragments sequentially derived from the antimicrobial peptide centrocin 1 isolated from the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
Authors: Björn Camilla , Håkansson Joakim , Myhrman Emma , Sjöstrand Veronika , Haug Tor , Lindgren Kerstin , Blencke Hans-Matti , Stensvåg Klara , Mahlapuu Margit 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Bacterial resistance against antibiotic treatment has become a major threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternative agents for treatment of infectious diseases. This study characterizes novel synthetic peptides sequentially derived from the AMP centrocin 1, isolated from the green sea urchin, for their applicability as anti-infective agents.
The microbicidal effect of centrocin 1 heavy chain (CEN1 HC-Br), its debrominated analogue (CEN1 HC), the C-terminal truncated variants of both peptides, i.e. CEN1 HC-Br (1–20) and CEN1 HC (1–20), as well as the cysteine to serine substituted equivalent CEN1 HC (Ser) was evaluated using minimal microbicidal concentration assay. The anti-inflammatory properties were assessed by measuring the inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. All the peptides tested exhibited marked microbicidal and anti-inflammatory properties. No difference in efficacy was seen comparing CEN1 HC-Br and CEN1 HC, while the brominated variant had higher cytotoxicity. C-terminal truncation of both peptides reduced salt-tolerability of the microbicidal effect as well as anti-inflammatory actions. Also, serine substitution of cysteine residue decreased the microbicidal effect. Thus, from the peptide variants tested, CEN1 HC showed the best efficacy and safety profile. Further, CEN1 HC significantly reduced bacterial counts in two different animal models of infected wounds, while Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) failed to develop resistance against this peptide under continued selection pressure. In summary, CEN1 HC appears a promising new antimicrobial agent, and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the applicability of this AMP for local treatment of infections in man.
Complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a induce a failing regenerative program in cardiac resident cells. Evidence of a role for cardiac resident stem cells other than cardiomyocyte renewal
Authors: Lara-Astiaso David , Izarra Alberto , Estrada Juan Camilo , Albo Carmen , Moscoso Isabel , Samper Enrique , Moncayo Javier , Solano Abelardo , Bernad Antonio , Díez-Juan Antonio 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Cardiac healing, which follows myocardial infarction, is a complex process guided by intricate interactions among different components. Some resident cell populations with a potential role in cardiac healing have already been described in cardiac tissues. These non-cardiomyocyte cell subsets, globally described as cardiac pluripotent/progenitor cells (CPCs), are able to differentiate into all three major cardiac cell lineages (endothelial, smooth muscle and cardiomyocyte cells) in experimental settings. Nevertheless, physiological cardiac healing results in a fibrous scar, which remains to be fully modelled experimentally. Since a role for complement anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) has been described in several regeneration/repair processes, we examined the effects that C3a and C5a exert on a defined population of CPCs. We found that C3a and C5a are able to enhance CPC migration and proliferation. In vitro studies showed that this effect is linked to activation of telomerase mRNA and partial preservation of telomere length, in an NFκB-dependent manner. In addition, anaphylatoxin signalling modulates the CPC phenotype, increasing myofibroblast differentiation and reducing endothelial and cardiac gene expression. These findings may denote that C3a and C5a are able to maintain/increase the cardiac stem cell pool within the heart, whilst simultaneously facilitating and modulating resident cell differentiation. We found that this modulation was directed towards scar forming cells, which increased fibroblast/myofibroblast generation and suggests that both these anaphylatoxins could play a relevant role in the damage-coupled activation of resident cells, and regulation of the cardiac healing process after injury.
Relationship Between Medical Well Baby Visits and First Dental Examinations for Young Children in Medicaid
Authors: Chi Donald L. , Momany Elizabeth T. , Jones Michael P. , Kuthy Raymond A. , Askelson Natoshia M. , Wehby George L. , Damiano Peter C. 
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We examined the relationship between preventive well baby visits (WBVs) and the timing of first dental examinations for young Medicaid-enrolled children.Methods. The study focused on children born in 2000 and enrolled continuously in the Iowa Medicaid Program from birth to age 41 months (n = 6322). The main predictor variables were number and timing of WBVs. The outcome variable was timing of first dental examination. We used survival analysis to evaluate these relationships.Results. Children with more WBVs between ages 1 and 2 years and ages 2 and 3 years were 2.96 and 1.25 times as likely, respectively, to have earlier first dental examinations as children with fewer WBVs. The number of WBVs before age 1 year and the timing of the WBVs were not significantly related to the outcome.Conclusions. The number of WBVs from ages 1 to 3 years was significantly related to earlier first dental examinations, whereas the number of WBVs before age 1 year and the timing of WBVs were not. Future interventions and policies should actively promote first dental examinations by age 12 months at WBVs that take place during the first year of life.
Population-Based Versus Practice-Based Recall for Childhood Immunizations: A Randomized Controlled Comparative Effectiveness Trial
Authors: Kempe Allison , Saville Alison , Dickinson L. Miriam , Eisert Sheri , Reynolds Joni , Herrero Diana , Beaty Brenda , Albright Karen , Dibert Eva , Koehler Vicky , Lockhart Steven , Calonge Ned 
Published: December 2012

Objectives. We compared the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of population-based recall (Pop-recall) versus practice-based recall (PCP-recall) at increasing immunizations among preschool children. Methods. This cluster-randomized trial involved children aged 19 to 35 months needing immunizations in 8 rural and 6 urban Colorado counties. In Pop-recall counties, recall was conducted centrally using the Colorado Immunization Information System (CIIS). In PCP-recall counties, practices were invited to attend webinar training using CIIS and offered financial support for mailings. The percentage of up-to-date (UTD) and vaccine documentation were compared 6 months after recall. A mixed-effects model assessed the association between intervention and whether a child became UTD. Results. Ten of 195 practices (5%) implemented recall in PCP-recall counties. Among children needing immunizations, 18.7% became UTD in Pop-recall versus 12.8% in PCP-recall counties (P < .001); 31.8% had documented receipt of 1 or more vaccines in Pop-recall versus 22.6% in PCP-recall counties (P < .001). Relative risk estimates from multivariable modeling were 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10, 1.37) for becoming UTD and 1.26 (95% CI = 1.15, 1.38) for receipt of any vaccine. Costs for Pop-recall versus PCP-recall were $215 versus $1981 per practice and $17 versus $62 per child brought UTD. Conclusions. Population-based recall conducted centrally was more effective and cost-effective at increasing immunization rates in preschool children.
Can the Turkish model be relevant for the Arab Awakening ?
Authors: Kirisci Kemal 
Published: December 2012

La Turquie est de plus en plus présente sur la scène internationale. Alors que les pays arabes sont engagés dans un processus de transition politique, l’on prétend régulièrement que la Turquie « nouvelle » pourrait leur servir de modèle. Cet article revient sur cette idée qui fait florès, s’interroge sur la notion de modèle et jauge sa réalité.
Aux sources du dynamisme économique turc
Authors: Ünal Deniz 
Published: December 2012

74 millions d’habitants, une puissante industrie automobile exportatrice, un PIB par tête qui la place en seconde position des grands émergents derrière la Russie : il y a loin, très loin, de la Turquie d’aujourd’hui, à celle, autarcique, des débuts de la République, qui n’abritait en 1923 que 14 millions d’habitants, dont plus des trois quarts étaient des paysans illettrés. La plongée aux sources de son dynamisme économique et démographique montre que le « modèle turc » résulte d’une lente et tâtonnante construction d’un régime démocratique et d’une économie de marché tout à fait spécifiques.
Le YÖK et le Politique : un rapport paralysant la réforme de l'enseignement supérieur en Turquie
Authors: Yilmaz Murat 
Published: December 2012

Le YÖK, le conseil de l’enseignement supérieur, a été fondé en 1981 par la junte militaire arrivée au pouvoir en 1980 par un coup d’Etat. Les militaires, pressés de remettre le pays dans le « droit chemin », entreprirent rapidement une réforme de l’enseignement supérieur visant à retirer aux universités leur autonomie. Le devoir du YÖK était donc de veiller à l’application de la nouvelle loi sur l’éducation supérieure. Mais en tant qu’institution étatique supra-parlementaire concentrant tous les pouvoirs de décision dans le domaine de l’enseignement supérieur, il se trouva très vite critiqué par une multitude d’acteurs, notamment par les différents gouvernements qui se succédèrent. Pour ses détracteurs, le YÖK, jugé anti-démocratique et autoritaire, devait absolument disparaître pour céder la place à des universités autonomes capables de se gérer elles-mêmes. Pour cela, il était nécessaire de changer la loi sur l’enseignement supérieur, ce qui relevait de la compétence du parlement turc. Cependant, malgré les promesses des différents partis politiques de réformer radicalement cette loi, il n’y a jamais eu de changement profond. L’objectif de notre article est d’expliquer, à travers une analyse de l’évolution des rapports entre le pouvoir et le YÖK, la raison pour laquelle celui-ci n’a pas été réformé radicalement. Selon notre hypothèse, le blocage qui caractérise la réforme de l’enseignement supérieur réside dans la rivalité de pouvoir qui s’est instaurée entre le YÖK et l’autorité politique. En d’autres termes, au sein de l’appareil d’Etat, la compétition opposant le YÖK au politique constitue un obstacle majeur à la volonté réelle de réformer en profondeur le YÖK. Néanmoins, la Turquie, engagée depuis le début des années 1990 dans un processus de démocratisation, a besoin plus que jamais de démocratiser le fonctionnement de l’enseignement universitaire.
Conscience impressionnelle et conscience réflexive : Husserl, Fink et les critiques phénomenologiques
Authors: Serban Claudia 
Published: December 2012

Résumé À partir la distinction des trois sens de la conscience dans la Cinquième Recherche logique de Husserl, nous tâchons d’évaluer les rapports entre conscience, impression et réflexion. Seule la prise en compte de la temporalité immanente de la conscience permet de comprendre l’articulation des trois. Mais on souligne la fonction de connaissance et d’unification égologique qui confère à la réflexion un poids méthodologique considérable dans la phénoménologie de Husserl comme dans la pensée du jeune Fink. Enfin, la critique de Michel Henry permet de préciser à quelles conditions le niveau préréflexif ou impressionnel peut acquérir une teneur propre, voire une relative autonomie.
Le cerveau, une réputation bien surfaite ? La conception standard et ses ennemis
Authors: Forest Denis 
Published: December 2012

Résumé La seule alternative au dualisme est-elle la thèse de l’identité entre états mentaux et états cérébraux ? Non, si on en croit Alva Noë ( Out of our Heads , 2009) et W. Teed Rockwell ( Neither Brain nor Ghost , 2005). Privilégiant les interactions entre cerveau, corps et environnement, ils entendent proposer une critique des fondements des neurosciences cognitives. Cependant, ni la conception énactiviste de Noë, ni la conception néopragmatiste de Rockwell n’ont les implications bouleversantes qu’elles prétendent avoir. Le conflit apparent des théories semble en outre se ramener à des différences de perspective sur la cognition, l’esprit et la conscience.
Bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) diversity within apple orchards and old fields in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Sheffield Cory S. , Kevan Peter G. , Pindar Alana , Packer Laurence 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBees are important within terrestrial ecosystems, providing pollination, which facilitates plant reproduction. Agricultural regions are large landscapes containing varying proportions of cropland, natural, and semi-natural habitats. Most bees are not restricted to any of these and move freely throughout, exploiting food and nesting resources in favourable locations. Many factors affect bee diversity, and knowledge of these is crucial for promoting healthy bee communities. The main objectives of this study were to compare diversity and guild structure of bee communities across a range of land disturbance levels within the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada, in habitats ranging from managed apple orchards to old fields. The two habitat extremes differed significantly; intensely managed orchards had significantly lower species richness (∼50%) than observed/estimated in old fields, but orchards with intermediate levels of adjacent natural/semi-natural habitat showed affinities to either extreme depending on the metrics used for estimating species richness. Species assemblages in orchards had lower proportions of several guilds, particularly cavity-nesters, bumble bees, and cleptoparasites, than other habitats. These guilds accounted for over 30% of bees collected in old fields but only 3–10% in orchards, increasing with habitat complexity. The use of guilds for assessing the health of bee communities is discussed.
Effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions on the solute dispersion in composite porous medium
Authors: Kumar J. Prathap , Umavathi J.C. , Madhavarao Shivakumar 
Published: December 2012

The Taylor dispersion of a solute for composite porous medium between two parallel plates with first-order chemical reaction is studied analytically. The fluids in both the regions are incompressible and the transport properties are assumed to be constant. The results are shown graphically for various values of viscosity ratio, pressure gradient and porous parameter on the effective dispersion coefficient and volumetric flow rate. It is found that for both homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions, the effective dispersion coefficient decreases as porous parameter increases. The validity of the results obtained for composite porous media is verified by comparison with the available porous medium results for one fluid model and good agreement is found. Also two fluid model in the absence of porous matrix is compared with the available one fluid model results and the values tally very well.Keywords: Taylor dispersion, immiscible fluids, horizontal channel, porous medium, chemical reaction.
Comparison of single and modular ANN based fault detector and classifier for double circuit transmission lines
Authors: Yadav Anamika 
Published: December 2012

Comparison of single and modular artificial neural network based techniques for shunt faults detection and classification in double end fed double circuit transmission line is presented in this paper. The proposed method uses the voltages and currents signals available at the local end of line. The model of the power system is developed using MATLAB® software. Effects of variations in pre-fault power flow angle, fault inception angle, source strength, fault resistance, fault type, fault distance and CT saturation have been investigated extensively on the performance of the ANN based protection scheme. Additionally, the effects of network changes: double circuit and single circuit operation with other line switched out and grounded (/ungrounded), intercircuit and cross-country faults have also been investigated. Thus, the present work encompasses practically the entire range of possible operating conditions, which has not been reported earlier. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that the variation in power system parameters under a variety of operating conditions and single/double circuit operations does not affect its performance. And this technique correctly detects and classifies the intercircuit and cross-country faults which have not been reported so-far.Keywords: Artificial neural network, cross country fault; transmission line protection; intercircuit faults and single circuit operation.
Influence of meat maturation to the presence of coliform bacteria
Authors: Kunová Simona , Vavriší­nová Klára , Kačániová Miroslava , Čuboň Juraj , Kozelová Dagmar , Lopašovský Ľubomí­r 
Published: December 2012

The aim of our study was detection of coliforms bacteria and pH changes in the process of beef maturation. The number of coliforms bacteria were lower as 1 log cfu.g-1 in four samples and the highest coliforms bacteria count was 3.1 log cfu.g-1 after 1-st week of meat maturation. Average number of coliforms bacteria was lower as 1.43 log cfu.g-1. The pH values of meat varied from 5.5 to 6.1 after 1-st week. Average value of pH was 5.75. The number of coliforms bacteria were from 2.61 log cfu.g-1 to 3.35 log cfu.g-1after 2-nd week of meat maturation. Average number of coliforms bacteria was 3.17 log cfu.g-1. The pH values of meat were from 6.0 to 6.2 after 2-nd week of meat maturation. Average value of pH was 6.05.
Microbial status and quality of rabbit meat after rabbits feed supplementation with phyto-additives
Authors: Pogány Simonová Monika , Lauková Andrea , Chrastinová Ľubica , Szabóová Renáta , Strompfová Viola 
Published: December 2012

Nowdays, there is an increasing interest in public health issue due to consumption of healthy and nutritive food, e.i. rich in proteins, low in cholesterol and lipid contents. The aim of this study was to examine if oregano, sage and Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts, commercial Xtract as well can influence microbial status of rabbit meat after their supplementation of rabbit feed. Reduction of enterococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus after feed supplementation by the sage and oregano was more detectable at the end of the experiment (at day 42) than after their application (at day 21). In animals with Xtract addition, antibacterial effect has been noted already at day 21. Our in vivo results confirmed in vitro antibacterial effect of the tested extracts and showed that maintaining of rabbit meat quality by plant extracts is very promising.
Histological changes in Poecilia reticulata after interaction of ionizing radiation and zinc sulfid
Authors: Almasiova Viera , Renčko Andrej , Holovská Katarí­na , Špalková Michaela 
Published: December 2012

In our experiment we have studied interaction of ionizing radiation and zinc at Poecilia reticulata. Fish were irradiated with a 20 Gy of gamma-rays. Zinc sulphate in concentration 25 mg.l-1 was added to water in aquarium. Food intake, clinicl symptoms and histological changes were followed after gamma-irradiation and zinc sulfid in guppy Poecilia reticulata. In the first days timidity and lethargy were observed. The most prominent clinical symptoms observed were emaciation, hampered breathing and haemorrhages. Histological findings corresponded with these symptoms.
Surgical Services and Transformation of Civil Hospital During “August War 2008” in Georgia
Authors: Kiladze M. A. , Lominadze N. G. , Goderdzishvili V. T. , Kcherodinashvili G. I. , Mgeliashvili T. I. , Abuladze V. I. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Structural transformation of a civil hospital into a military one during “August War 2008” (August 8–12) in Georgia is presented. Damage-control principles, such as hemorrhage control, liver-packing and abdominal tamponade, gastrointestinal tract resection without formation of anastomoses, and other temporary interventions were prioritized. This provided a chance to empty the hospital in a short period to provide the admission of an increased number of combat casualties. There were soldiers from Georgian troops, civilians, and captives of war. The number of total admitted patients was 739. Fifty-two patients were operated on in the surgery department. The following operations were carried out: removal of foreign bodies from the neck region, 6 cases; isolated thoracotomy, pulmorrhaphy, and drainage, 2 cases; laparotomy, hepatorrhaphy, gastrorrhaphy, splenectomy, resection of small intestine, and colostomy, 18 cases; combined operations (thoracotomy plus laparotomy), 9 cases; extended debridement and dressing of wounds, 11 cases; angiosurgical operations, 4 cases; and coloplasty, 2 cases. There were 2 cases of mortality, 1 case of rethoracotomy, and 3 cases of relaparotomy: 2 because of intracavital bleeding and 1 because of sanation.
Curative Resection of Transverse Colon Cancer via Minilaparotomy
Authors: Ishida Hideyuki , Ishiguro Tohru , Ishibashi Keiichiro , Ohsawa Tomonori , Okada Norimichi , Kumamoto Kensuke , Haga Norihiro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMinilaparotomy has been reported to be a minimally invasive alternative to laparoscopically assisted surgery. We retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of minilaparotomy for the resection of transverse colon cancer, which has generally been considered difficult to resect laparoscopically. Patients for whom curative resection was attempted for transverse colon cancer (n  =  21) or sigmoid colon cancer (n  =  81) via minilaparotomy (skin incision, ≤ 7cm) were analyzed. The 2 groups did not significantly differ in terms of success rate of minilaparotomy (90.5% versus 97.5%), age, sex, pathologic stage, body mass index, operative time (mean, 133.5 minutes versus 122.5 minutes), blood loss (119.7 mL versus 92.4 mL), number of lymph nodes harvested, incidence of postoperative complications (9.5% versus 12.3%), postoperative length of stay, and 5-year disease-free survival rate (86.6% versus 79.6%). Minilaparotomy is feasible, safe, and favorable in terms of early oncologic outcome in patients with transverse colon cancer as well as those with sigmoid colon cancer.