bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases and Risk of Dementia: A Nested Case‐Control Study
Authors: Kiadaliri Ali , Dell'Isola Andrea , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Englund Martin 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and incident dementia using population register‐based data.MethodsThis nested case‐control study was conducted based on a cohort of residents in the Skåne region, Sweden, aged 50 years and older in 2009 without doctor‐diagnosed dementia during 1998 to 2009 (n = 402,825). Individuals with a new main diagnosis of dementia during 2010 to 2019 were identified as incident patients with dementia (n = 22,131). Controls without diagnosed dementia were randomly matched 1:1 by sex, age, and Elixhauser comorbidity index using incidence density sampling. Separate conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounders were fitted for the following RMDs, diagnosed at least 2 years before dementia diagnosis as exposure: gout, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies (SpA), and systemic connective tissue disorders. Subgroup analyses by dementia subtype, sex, age, comorbidity, and RMDs/dementia identification were conducted.ResultsAlthough gout (adjusted rate ratio 0.88; 95% confidence interval 0.79–0.97), osteoarthritis (0.92; 0.88–0.96), and systemic connective tissue disorders (0.91; 0.83–0.99) were associated with decreased risk of dementia, the associations for rheumatoid arthritis (1.05; 0.92–1.19) and SpA (1.17; 0.94–1.45) were inconclusive. The associations between RMDs and incident dementia were similar across sex, age, and comorbidity subgroups with a few exceptions (eg, an adjusted rate ratio of 0.99 [95% confidence interval 0.71–1.39] in males vs 1.31 [0.99–1.74] in female patients for SpA).ConclusionPersons with diagnosed RMDs seem to have comparable or slightly lower risks of developing dementia compared with those without known RMD.
Homogenizing In‐Built Electric Field via Curved Conductive Nanonetworks for Electrochromic Fibers with Enhanced Switching Stability
Authors: Zhai Kaiyue , Fan Qingchao , Bai Zhiyuan , Bao Bingwei , Wu Xilu , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Hou Chengyi , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochromic (EC) fibers capable of optical transmission, reflection, and emission modulation are highly desired for promising applications in electronic display, adaptive camouflage, and visual sensation. However, the non‐uniform electric field of the fiber structure and the lack of electrochemically stable transparent conductive electrodes still limit the practical applications of EC fibers. In this work, scalable EC fibers with long‐range modulation performance and electrochemical stability are fabricated using Ag@Au nanowires (AANWs) nanonetwork and parallel dual‐electrode. Benefiting from the electrochemically resistant Au shell layer that inhibits the oxidation of the nanonetwork electrodes, the EC fibers still maintain excellent EC performance even after 300 color changes. The synergistic interaction between the unique AANWs nanonetwork and the parallel dual‐electrode structure enables the 10 m‐long EC fibers to maintain rapid switching speeds and excellent color uniformity. Additionally, the utilization of mechanical looms to weave long EC fibers has facilitated the practical application of EC fibers in wearable displays, adaptive camouflage, and visual sensation.
Alloying of ReS2 and VS2 Nanosheets Enhances Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ihsan Junaid , Kwak In Hye , Kim Ju Yeon , Zewdie Getasew Mulualem , Choi Jun Hyeok , Lee Sang‐Gil , Lee Kug‐Seung , Kwon Ik Seon , Park Jeunghee , Kang Hong Seok 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModulating the electronic structure of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) via alloying is challenging despite the additional potential applications. In this study, a solvothermal reaction is used to synthesize composition‐tuned ReS2–VS2 (Re1‐xVxS2) alloy nanosheets featuring an expanded interlayer distance. Increasing x induces a phase transition from the semiconducting 1T″ phase ReS2 to the metallic 3R‐stacking 1T phase VS2. Alloying via homogeneous atomic mixing renders the nanosheets more metallic and with less oxidation than VS2. First‐principles calculations consistently predict the 1T″–1T phase transition of the atomically mixed alloy structures. The calculation also suggests that intercalation drives the 3R stacking of 1T phase VS2. The Re1‐xVxS2 nanosheets at x = 0.3–0.8 exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward water‐splitting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an acid electrolyte. In situ X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements reveal that the metallicity of the alloys is fully retained during HER. The density of states and Gibbs free energy calculations show that alloying increases the metallicity and thus effectively activates the basal S atoms toward the HER, supporting the observed increased HER performance of the alloy nanosheets.
Enhancing Efficiency of Industrially‐Compatible Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells with Dually‐Mixed Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Li Chi , Li Yuheng , Chen Yong , Zhang Huifeng , Zhang Shan‐Ting , Zhang Zilong , Lin Fulin , Liang Lusheng , Gong Lijie , Hao Hongwei , Wang Jilei , Bao Shaojuan , Yang Ye , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Li Dongdong , Gao Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe antisolvent‐assisted spin‐coating still lags behind the thermal evaporation method in fabricating perovskite films atop industrially textured silicon wafers in making monolithic perovskite/silicon solar cells (P/S‐TSCs). The inhomogeneity of hole‐selective self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) often arises from the insufficient bonding between hygroscopic phosphonic acid anchors and metal oxide. To address this, a mixed‐SAM strategy (Mx‐SAM) is proposed to enhance the adsorption energy of SAMs on the ITO surface, facilitate the formation of dense and humidity‐resistant hole‐selective layer (HSL) on substrates, and improve hole transport capabilities. With the aid of the Mx‐SAM strategy, the optimized wide‐bandgap PSCs achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.63% with an exceptionally high fill factor (FF) of 86.67% using the 1.68 eV perovskite. Moreover, they exhibited enhanced stability under damp‐heat conditions (ISOS‐D‐3, 85% RH, 85 °C) with a T90 of 900 h for encapsulated PSCs, representing one of the best performances for wide‐bandgap PSCs. When further extending the Mx‐SAM strategy to making P/S‐TSCs using silicon wafers from industry, a remarkable efficiency of 28.07% is reached while upholding outstanding reproducibility. This strategy holds significant promise for the feasibility of fabricating industrially‐compatible P/S‐TSCs.
In Situ Construction of Uniform and Elastic Solid–Electrolyte Interphase for High‐Performance Potassium Batteries
Authors: Gu Mingyuan , Fu Hongwei , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , lin Yue , Wen Shuangchun , Fan Ling , Lu Bingan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSolid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a crucial role in a battery. This study leverages the assistance of weak interactions to construct a uniform and elastic SEI for potassium batteries. The caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is introduced into the electrolyte, and the weak interactions between CAPE and anodes enable CAPE to contact electrons preferentially during cycling. The unsaturated carbon═carbon double bonds in CAPE molecules receive electrons and undergo polymerization reactions on the anode surface, forming a uniform and elastic SEI. Such SEI exhibits good uniformity and excellent mechanical elasticity, enabling the SEI to adapt well to the huge volume changes of the anode to maintain structural stability during cycling. As a result, the graphite anode exhibits over 1500 stable cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The potassium metal full battery based on a Prussian blue (PB) cathode cycles over 5700 times at a current density of 1000 mA g−1. In addition, the pouch potassium‐ion full battery based on a graphite anode and a PB cathode also shows excellent electrochemical performance, which operates stably for over 600 cycles without significant attenuation in capacity at a current density of 200 mA g−1, showing potential practical value.
The Interplay between Mechanoregulation and ROS in Heart Physiology, Disease, and Regeneration
Authors: Elias‐Llumbet Arturo , Sharmin Rokshana , Berg‐Sorensen Kirstine , Schirhagl Romana , Mzyk Aldona 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are currently the most common cause of death in developed countries. Due to lifestyle and environmental factors, this problem is only expected to increase in the future. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key player in the onset of cardiovascular diseases but also have important functions in healthy cardiac tissue. Here, the interplay between ROS generation and cardiac mechanical forces is shown, and the state of the art and a perspective on future directions are discussed. To this end, an overview of what is currently known regarding ROS and mechanosignaling at a subcellular level is first given. There the role of ROS in mechanosignaling as well as the interplay between both factors in specific organelles is emphasized. The consequences at a larger scale across the population of heart cells are then discussed. Subsequently, the roles of ROS in embryogenesis, pathogenesis, and aging are further discussed, exemplifying some aspects of mechanoregulation. Finally, different models that are currently in use are discussed to study the topics above.
Piezoelectric Biomaterials Inspired by Nature for Applications in Biomedicine and Nanotechnology
Authors: Chen Siying , Tong Xiaoyu , Huo Yehong , Liu Shuaijie , Yin Yuanyuan , Tan Mei‐Ling , Cai Kaiyong , Ji Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioelectricity provides electrostimulation to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and functions. In the human body, bioelectricity can be generated in electromechanically responsive tissues and organs, as well as biomolecular building blocks that exhibit piezoelectricity, with a phenomenon known as the piezoelectric effect. Inspired by natural bio‐piezoelectric phenomenon, efforts have been devoted to exploiting high‐performance synthetic piezoelectric biomaterials, including molecular materials, polymeric materials, ceramic materials, and composite materials. Notably, piezoelectric biomaterials polarize under mechanical strain and generate electrical potentials, which can be used to fabricate electronic devices. Herein, a review article is proposed to summarize the design and research progress of piezoelectric biomaterials and devices toward bionanotechnology. First, the functions of bioelectricity in regulating human electrophysiological activity from cellular to tissue level are introduced. Next, recent advances as well as structure–property relationship of various natural and synthetic piezoelectric biomaterials are provided in detail. In the following part, the applications of piezoelectric biomaterials in tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, energy harvesting, and catalysis are systematically classified and discussed. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of piezoelectric biomaterials are presented. It is believed that this review will provide inspiration for the design and development of innovative piezoelectric biomaterials in the fields of biomedicine and nanotechnology.
Unveiling the Potential: Core‐Shell Nanoparticles Assembly of Metal‐Organic Framework@poly(1,3‐dioxolane) Methacrylate for Gutter‐Layer‐Free Ultrathin Film Composite Membranes
Authors: Han Hoseong , Scofield Joel M. P. , Gurr Paul A. , Webley Paul A. , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIncreasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere are a leading cause of climate change. Ultrathin film composite (UTFC) membranes have the potential to effectively reduce CO2 emissions from energy production and industrial processes. UTFC membranes typically require a gutter layer, to provide flat surfaces above the porous substrate for an ultrathin selective layer to be deposited. Removing the gutter layer, while maintaining compatibility with the support layer, can have substantial benefits of high gas permeation, cost‐effectiveness, and fewer manufacturing steps. However, achieving this faces significant challenges, due to limitations on the geometric design of gas pathways and incompatibility between the substrate and selective layers. Herein, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) is used as an initiating core, and arms of poly(1,3‐dioxolane) dimethacrylate (PDXLMA), which possesses superior CO2/N2 selectivity, are used to create core‐shell nanoparticles. These two‐layered UTFC membranes are successfully produced from the nanoparticles via a simple drop‐spreading method. The importance of designing core‐shell structures is also investigated to achieve defect‐free two‐layered UTFC membranes and enable precision thickness control. The resulting membranes exhibit remarkable CO2 permeance of 3969 – 6035 GPU with CO2/N2 selectivity of 28.0–20.4, demonstrating their considerable performance improvement compared to the current three‐layered UTFC membranes.
Enhancing Penetration Performance and Drug Delivery of Polymeric Microneedles Using Silica Nanoparticle Coatings
Authors: Kim Sohyun , Choi Hyewon , Jeong Hyejoong , Ortiz Wilfredo Méndez , Cheon Hwayeong , Jeon Jae Yong , Lee Jae Hyeon , Han Jeong Hwan , Stebe Kathleen J. , Lee Daeyeon , Yoon Hyunsik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicroneedle (MN) technology offers a powerful approach for transdermal delivery enabling painless injection and facilitating self‐administration without the need for professional assistance. However, the weak mechanical strength of MNs can lead to inefficient drug delivery and serious skin irritation if the MNs fracture during administration and leave fragments under the skin. Thus, the MNs need to be mechanically robust to avoid fracture during penetration through the skin while maintaining efficient drug delivery. Herein, the polymer‐based MNs with layer‐by‐layer (LbL) films of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and a polycation (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)) followed by hydrothermal calcination are reinforced. The mechanical strength of the MNs is significantly improved after LbL assembly and shows lower threshold pressure to penetrate skins. Moreover, their drug loading and releasing properties are significantly enhanced due to an increase in the surface area and interfacial interaction. These SiO2 nanoparticle‐containing LbL thin films have great potential for the surface modification of 3D microstructured devices such as MNs, as evidenced by their enhanced mechanical strength and drug coating efficiency that result in a promising MN drug delivery model.
Symmetric and Energy‐Efficient Conductance Update in Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction for Neural Network Computing
Authors: Guan Zeyu , Wang Zijian , Shen Shengchun , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of artificial intelligence requires synaptic devices with controllable conductance updates and low power consumption. Currently, conductance updates based on identical voltage pulse scheme (IVPS) and nonidentical voltage pulse scheme (NIVPS) face drawbacks in terms of recognition accuracy and energy efficiency, respectively. In this study, a mixed voltage pulse scheme (MVPS) for tuning conductance is proposed to simultaneously achieve high recognition accuracy and high energy efficiency, and its superiority is experimentally verified based on high‐performance Au (or Ag)/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/Nb:SrTiO3ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) synaptic devices. The MVPS‐based neural network simulation achieves a high recognition accuracy of ≈92% on the CIFAR10 dataset with better energy efficiency and throughput than those of NIVPS. In addition, high‐precision experimental vector‐matrix multiplication (with a relative error of ≈1.5%) is obtained, and the simulated FTJ synaptic arrays achieved a high inference energy efficiency of ≈85 TOPS W−1and a throughput of ≈200 TOPS, which meets the requirements of artificial intelligence in low‐power scenarios. This study provides a possible solution for practical applications of FTJ in neural network computing.
Highly Sensitive, Stretchable, and Adjustable Parallel Microgates‐Based Strain Sensors
Authors: Nankali Mohammad , Amindehghan Mohammad Amin , Seyed Alagheband Seyed Hamed , Montazeri Shahtoori Abdolsamad , Seethaler Rudolf , Nouri Nowrouz Mohammad , Milani Abbas S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe demand for stretchable strain sensors with customizable sensitivities has increased across a spectrum of applications, spanning from human motion detection to plant growth monitoring. Nevertheless, a major challenge remains in the digital fabrication of scalable and cost‐efficient strain sensors with tailored sensitivity to diverse demands. Currently, there is a lack of simple digital fabrication approaches capable of adjusting strain sensitivity in a controlled way with no changes to the material and without affecting the linearity. In this study, parallel microgates‐based strain sensors whose strain sensitivity can be adjusted systematically throughout an all‐laser‐based fabrication process without any material replacement are presented. The technique employs a two‐step direct laser writing method that combines the well‐established capabilities of laser ablation and laser marking, boasting a varying gauge factor of up to 433% (GF  =  168), while paving the way for the mass production of nanocomposite strain sensors. Parallel microgates‐based strain sensors exhibit a remarkable signal‐to‐noise ratio at ultralow strains (ɛ  =  0.001), rendering them ideal for monitoring the gradual growth of plants. As an application demonstration, the proposed sensors are deployed on tomato plants to capture their growth under varying planting conditions including hydroponic and soil mediums, as well as diverse irrigation regimens.
4D Printed Stiffness‐Tunable Actuator for Load‐Bearing Soft Machines
Authors: Chen Xinpeng , Yang Meng , Jia Kun , Yuan Chao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract4D printing is an advanced technology that integrates the mechanics design and active materials into 3D printing to create objects with time‐evolving transformation. However, the commonly used active materials, such as shape memory polymers or hydrogels, make it challenging to simultaneously realize two‐way shapeshifting and high stiffness in 4D printed structures, constraining its application in engineering areas such as robotics, morphing structures, etc. Herein, inspired by human musculoskeletal structure, a 4D printing strategy that integrates two‐way shapeshifting liquid crystal elastomer and amorphous shape memory polymer to realize reversible actuation and tunable stiffness via sequential thermal control is proposed. Through numerical analysis and experimental investigation, the mapping relationship among structural deformation, material property, and geometric design is established, allowing to seek out the optimized thickness ratio and material properties that lead to high shape fixity (81%) and complete shape recovery (100%). To demonstrate the potential applications, a variable stiffness hook capable of wrapping and lifting heavy objects through helical transformation is realized. This design strategy can potentially inspire the development of 4D printing toward load‐bearing soft machines.
Silicon Nanoribbon Arrays Based Printed Multifunctional Flexible Photovoltaic Microcells
Authors: Zumeit Ayoub , Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Nair Nitheesh M. , Christou Adamos , Ma Sihang , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe photovoltaic devices offer promising eco‐friendly solution for self‐powered flexible electronics. However, their fabrication on flexible substrate is not easy due to mismatches between the requirements of conventional microfabrication and the thermal, and mechanical features of the substrates. Herein, direct roll printed nanoscale photoactive electronic layers are presented, which are further processed to develop ≈315 µm2 sized miniaturized photovoltaic microcells. Using a set of 32 microcells, connected in parallel configuration, indoor light harvesting is shown at a maximum power density of ≈10 µW cm−2 under white LED illumination. Further, the dual functionality of developed microcells i.e., energy harvesting as well as wideband photodetection is demonstrated. As self‐powered photo sensors the developed photovoltaic microcells exhibit distinctive photo responses under white LED‐UV (365 nm)‐ NIR (850 nm) light illumination, with exceptionally high‐speed response (rise time τRise = 205 µs and fall time τFall = 2000 µs), and a peak responsivity of 2.48 A W−1 to UV light at zero bias voltage. The presented results show the potential usage of printed multifunctional photovoltaic microcells in a wide variety of applications such as self‐powered wearable and flexible electronic systems for health monitoring and indoor robotics.
Synthesis of 3‐CF3‐Indoles from HFO‐1234ze(E) via Cross‐Coupling and Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Mizuno Shota , Yotsume Futa , Kasahara Runa , Inoue Munenori , Ichikawa Junji , Fujita Takeshi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of indoles with a trifluoromethyl group has attracted a lot of attention because they are promising structural subunits for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. As part of our project aimed toward the upcycling of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), we developed a method to construct a CF3‐bearing indole ring system through the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of a brominated HFO‐1234ze(E) (CF3CH=CHF) with N‐tosylated o‐borylanilines, followed by nucleophilic 5‐endo‐trig cyclization at the vinylic position of the generated fluorostyrenes. We found that the Pd2(dba)3/SPhos catalyst system in the presence of K2CO3 and water in toluene afforded the corresponding 3‐CF3‐indoles in high yields in a one‐pot operation.
Organocatalytic Regioselective Aldol Reaction of Hydroxyacetone with Aliphatic Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Linear Products
Authors: Podlewski Tomasz J. , Turkiewicz Marta W. , Górecki Marcin , Mlynarski Jacek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we present an organocatalyst that addresses the reactivity issue of aliphatic aldehydes with hydroxyacetone, leading to the formation of a linear product. Previous proline‐based catalysts required a significant excess of hydroxyacetone and could only be applied to aromatic aldehydes. The proposed sulphonamide containing a proline moiety effectively controls the reaction, generating a new stereogenic center dependent on the catalyst‘s configuration and does not require a large excess of the ketone. We demonstrated that this methodology can be effectively utilized in the synthesis of natural compounds, as confirmed by obtaining the 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐D‐gluconic acid (KDG) methyl ester from optically pure glyceraldehyde and protected hydroxyacetone.