bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean drops size in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in horizontal mixer settler
Authors: Davoodi‐Nasab Payman , Abolghasemi Hossein , Safdari Jaber , Raji‐Asadabadi Maliheh 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe mean drop size of toluene/water dispersion in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic surfactant has been studied in a horizontal mixer settler. Two 45°‐pitched blade turbine impellers with four blades on a shaft were used to have completed mixing. Additionally, the influences of hydrodynamic parameters such as impeller agitation speed and dispersed phase volume fraction on the drops size were investigated. The results indicate that the presence of CTAB leads to a decrease in D32 by about 46%, averagely. Furthermore, increase in the impeller speed from 450 up to 650 rpm causes D32 to reduce by about 30%, and the decreasing rate of D32 diminishes with increasing impeller speeds. Increase in the dispersed phase volume fraction gives rise to increase in the drops size. Finally, in order to predict the mean drop size, new modified correlations were provided, wherein the influence of CTAB concentration was introduced as a new parameter. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent dispensible high‐refractive index ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposites for LED encapsulation
Authors: Tao Peng , Li Ying , Siegel Richard W. , Schadler Linda S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we report a facile ex situ approach to preparing transparent dispensible high‐refractive index ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposites for LED encapsulation. Highly crystalline, near monodisperse ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a nonaqueous approach using benzyl alcohol as the coordinating solvent. The synthesized particles were then modified by (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GMS) ligand. It was found that, with tiny amount of surface‐treating ligand, the modified ZrO2 NPs were able to be easily dispersed in a commercial epoxy matrix because of the epoxy compatible surface chemistry design as well as the small matrix molecular weight favoring mixing. Transparent thick (1 mm) ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposites with a particle core content as high as 50 wt % and an optical transparency of 90% in the visible light range were successfully prepared. The refractive index of the prepared composites increased from 1.51 for neat epoxy to 1.65 for 50 wt % (20 vol %) ZrO2 loading and maintained the same high‐Abbe number as the neat epoxy matrix. Compared with the neat epoxy encapsulant, an increase of 13.2% in light output power of red LEDs was achieved with the 50 wt % ZrO2/epoxy nanocomposite as the novel encapsulant material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3785–3793, 2013
Brief Report: The IL23R Nonsynonymous Polymorphism rs11209026 Is Associated With Radiographic Sacroiliitis in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kadi Amir , Costantino Félicie , Izac Brigitte , Leboime Ariane , Said‐Nahal Roula , Garchon Henri‐Jean , Chiocchia Gilles , Breban Maxime 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory articular disorders sharing a genetic background. The nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11209026 (Arg381Gln) in the IL23R gene has reproducibly been shown to be associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We undertook this study to examine the association between rs11209026 and SpA as a whole, with particular attention devoted to genotype/phenotype correlation.MethodsThe SNP rs11209026 was genotyped in a French cohort of 415 patients/372 controls, with replication analysis performed in 383 “trios,” each consisting of 1 patient with SpA and both parents. Association analysis was carried out in SpA as a whole group and then separately in AS and non‐AS patients. Phenotype/genotype correlations were examined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsA significant association between rs11209026 and SpA overall was identified only in the familial data set (odds ratio 0.57, P = 0.028). Strong association with AS was observed in both the case–control and familial data sets (P = 4.5 × 10−4 and P = 4.0 × 10−3, respectively). In contrast, such association was not detected in the non‐AS group. Furthermore, rs11209026 frequency was significantly different between AS and non‐AS patients (P = 1.5 × 10−3). Phenotype/genotype correlation study revealed that both radiographic sacroiliitis and early age at onset were independently associated with a lower frequency of the rare protective rs11209026 allele A in patients (P = 9 × 10−3 and P = 8 × 10−3, respectively).ConclusionOur study replicated the robust association between rs11209026 and AS in the French population. However, such association was restricted to AS, as compared to SpA without radiographic sacroiliitis. The fact that it was independently conditional on radiographic sacroiliitis and age at onset suggests that rs11209026 could affect disease severity rather than susceptibility.
High Body Mass Index Is Associated With Increased Diurnal Strains in the Articular Cartilage of the Knee
Authors: Widmyer Margaret R. , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , Leddy Holly A. , Coleman Jeremy L. , Spritzer Charles E. , Moorman Claude T. , DeFrate Louis E. , Guilak Farshid 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveObesity is an important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) and is associated with changes in both the biomechanical and inflammatory environments within the joint. However, the relationship between obesity and cartilage deformation is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the magnitude of diurnal cartilage strain in the knee.MethodsThree‐dimensional maps of knee cartilage thickness were developed from 3T magnetic resonance images of the knees of asymptomatic age‐ and sex‐matched subjects with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) or high BMI (25–31 kg/m2). Site‐specific magnitudes of diurnal cartilage strain were determined using aligned images recorded at 8:00 AM and 4:00 PM on the same day.ResultsSubjects with high BMI had significantly thicker cartilage on both the patella and femoral groove, as compared to subjects with normal BMI. Diurnal cartilage strains were dependent on location in the knee joint, as well as BMI. Subjects with high BMI, compared to those with normal BMI, exhibited significantly higher compressive strains in the tibial cartilage. Cartilage thickness on both femoral condyles decreased significantly from the AM to the PM time point; however, there was no significant effect of BMI on diurnal cartilage strain in the femur.ConclusionIncreased BMI is associated with increased diurnal strains in articular cartilage of both the medial and lateral compartments of the knee. The increased cartilage strains observed in individuals with high BMI may, in part, explain the elevated risk of OA associated with obesity or may reflect alterations in the cartilage mechanical properties in subjects with high BMI.
Allele‐Dose Association of the C5orf30 rs26232 Variant With Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Teare M. Dawn , Knevel Rachel , Morgan Michael D. , Kleszcz Agnieszka , Emery Paul , Moore David J. , Conaghan Philip , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Morgan Ann W. , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M. , Wilson Anthony G. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveThere is increasing evidence to indicate that genetic factors contribute significantly to radiologic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to determine whether genotypes of 10 recently identified RA susceptibility loci are associated with radiologic severity.MethodsA 2‐stage study was performed using 3 Northern European RA populations: a British cross‐sectional population (discovery cohort; n = 885) and the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic (EAC) cohort (n = 581) and Yorkshire Early Arthritis Register (YEAR) cohort (n = 418) (validation cohorts). Radiologic damage was assessed using a modified Larsen method for scoring radiographs (in the discovery cohort) or modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (in the 2 validation cohorts). A meta‐analysis was performed to bring together the evidence from the 3 studies, using data on radiologic severity of joint damage from a single time point.ResultsAn allele‐dose association of rs26232 was present in the discovery population (P = 4 × 10−4); the median modified Larsen scores of radiologic joint damage per genotype were 31 (for those with CC), 27 (for those with CT), and 16 (for those with TT). The allele‐dose association of rs26232 was replicated in both the Leiden EAC cohort during the initial 7 years of RA (P = 0.04) and the YEAR cohort (P = 0.039). In a fixed‐effects meta‐analysis of all 3 studies, the per T allele effect on the ratio of radiologic severity scores was 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.84, 0.96; P = 0.004).ConclusionThe variant rs26232, in the first intron of the C5orf30 locus, is associated with the severity of radiologic damage in RA and is independent of established prognostic biomarkers. The biologic activities of C5orf30 are unknown, but our genetic data suggest that it is involved in mediating joint damage in RA.
Chiral Enol Oxazolines and Thiazolines as Auxiliary Ligands for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Ruthenium‐Polypyridyl Complexes
Authors: Huang Biao , Wang Lun , Gong Lei , Meggers Eric 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVarious ligands, such as (Z)‐1‐phenyl‐2‐[(4S)‐4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl]ethen‐1‐ol ((S)‐1a) and (Z)‐1‐phenyl‐2‐[(4S)‐4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]ethen‐1‐ol ((S)‐1c), were investigated as auxiliaries for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes. The reaction of these chiral auxiliary ligands with [RuCl2(dmso)4], 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy, 2.2 equiv), and triethylamine (10 equiv) in DMF/PhCl (1:8) at 140 °C for several hours diastereoselectively provided the complexes Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2{(S)‐1aH}] (Λ‐(S)‐2a, 52 % yield, 56:1 d.r.) and Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2{(S)‐1cH}] (Λ‐(S)‐2c, 48 % yield, >100:1 d.r.) in a single step after purification. Both Λ‐(S)‐2a and Λ‐(S)‐2c could be converted into Λ‐[Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 by replacing the bidentate enolato ligands with bpy, under retention of configuration, induced by either NH4PF6 as a weak acid (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 73 % yield, 22:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 77 % yield, 22:1 e.r.), TFA as a strong acid (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 72 % yield, 52:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 85 % yield, 25:1 e.r.), methylation with Meerwein′s salt (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 59 % yield, 46:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 86 % yield, 37:1 e.r.), ozonolysis (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 56 % yield, 22:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 43 % yield, 6.3:1 e.r.), or oxidation with a peroxy acid (from Λ‐(S)‐2a: 72 % yield, 45:1 e.r.; from Λ‐(S)‐2c: 79 % yield, 8.5:1 e.r.). This study shows that, except for the reaction with NH4PF6, oxazoline‐enolato complex Λ‐(S)‐2a provides Λ‐[Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 with higher enantioselectivities than analogous thiazoline‐enolato complex Λ‐(S)‐2c, which might be due to the higher coordinative stability of the thiazoline‐enolato complex, thus requiring more prolonged reaction times. Thus, this study provides attractive new avenues for the asymmetric synthesis of non‐racemic ruthenium(II)‐polypyridyl complexes without the need for using a strong acid or a strong methylating reagent, as has been the case in all previously reported auxiliary methods from our group.
Holzfachwerke mit Verbindungsknoten aus Beton
Authors: Hartig Jens , Heiduschke Andreas , Haller Peer 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDieser Beitrag behandelt rechnerische Untersuchungen zu einem neuartigen Verbindungskonzept für Fachwerkträger im Ingenieurholzbau. Das Konzept sieht vor, die Stabkräfte mithilfe von passgenauen Knoten aus Vergussbeton zu übertragen. Die Untersuchungen umfassen dreidimensionale Finite‐Elemente‐Modelle, die zur Bestimmung der Spannungsverteilungen am Fachwerkknoten verwendet werden. Die daraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden in ein einfaches Stabwerkmodell überführt, das in der Lage ist, die Schnittkräfte und das Verformungsverhalten der Träger zutreffend zu bestimmen. Damit verfügt der Ingenieur über ein einfaches Werkzeug zur Bemessung derartiger Konstruktionen. Die erforderlichen Nachweise werden in einem Bemessungskonzept zusammengefasst.Timber trussed girder with concrete joints – Calculative investigations and design conceptThis article deals with calculative investigations on a novel connection concept for trussed girders in engineered timber structures. The forces between struts and ties are transferred by casted concrete blocks. The presented investigations include three‐dimensional finite element models for determining stress distributions at the joints. Based on the results of the numerical model a simple strut‐and‐tie‐model is developed for determining the internal forces and the deformation behavior of respective trussed girders. This provides a simple tool for the engineer to design such structures. The necessary static verifications are summarized in a design concept.
Extradosed Brücken – Tragverhalten und Einstellen der Seilkräfte für ständige Lasten
Authors: Schlaich Mike , El Shenawy El Araby 
Published: July 2013

AbstractExtradosed Brücken, von relativ flachen Seilen getragene steife Trägerbrücken, sind im Spannweitenbereich zwischen 100 und 200 m eine wirtschaftliche Alternative zu Betonhohlkastenträgern einerseits und Schrägseilbrücken anderseits. Während die Seilkräfte von Schrägseilbrücken mit schlankem Stahlbetonüberbau in der Regel so eingestellt werden, dass sie fast die ganzen ständigen Lasten tragen und der Überbau sich dann wie ein Durchlaufträger auf starren Stützen verhält, müssen Extradosed Brücken mit ihrem schweren und steifen Überbau anders behandelt werden. In diesem Artikel werden die typischen Eigenschaften der Extradosed Brücken beschrieben und gezeigt, wie deren Seilkräfte und der Verlauf der Biegemomente im Überbau unter ständigen Lasten einfach und wirtschaftlich eingestellt werden können. Auch die zusätzliche Anordnung von Spanngliedern im Überbau zur weiteren Reduktion dieser Momente im Brückenträger wird behandelt.Extradosed bridgesExtradosed bridges with their flat/shallow stay cables and stiff decks are an economic alternative to box girder bridges and cable‐stayed bridges for spans of 100 to 200 m. The structural system of extradosed bridges is considered also as a transition between the structural systems of the box girder bridges and the cable‐stayed bridges. The stay cables for extradosed bridges are normally designed to carry nearly the full permanent load and the deck behaves as a continuous beam on rigid supports. The method, used usually for the determination of the stay cable forces under permanent load for cables‐stayed bridges, cannot be followed for the extradosed bridges with their heavy and stiff decks. The typical configurations for such type of bridges will be presented in this paper. Further, a simple and an economic method for the determination of the stay cable forces and the corresponding bending moment distribution along the deck elements under permanent load, for extradosed bridges, will be proposed. Additionally, the arrangement of the prestressing tendons inside the concrete deck elements, to nearly eliminate the bending moments under permanent load, will be consistently handled.
Beschreibung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von stumpf gestoßenen Fertigteilstützen unter Berücksichtigung einer außergewöhnlichen Stoßbelastung
Authors: Zalewski Stefanie , Schacht Gregor , Bachmann Hubert , Curbach Manfred 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn der Bauindustrie hat der Einsatz von Fertigteilen viele Vorzüge gegenüber Ortbeton. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird die Ausbildung des stumpfen Stoßes bei Fertigteilstützen betrachtet, die einer erhöhten Horizontalbeanspruchung ausgesetzt sind. In einem Rechenbeispiel werden verschiedene repräsentative Beanspruchungen für eine Geschossstütze näher untersucht und die Widerstände einer Stütze sowie einer stumpfen Stoßfuge mit Stahlplatte gegen Querkräfte dargestellt. Durch die Ableitung eines zulässigen Grenzverhältnisses HEd/NEd werden die kritischen Lastfälle für die Stumpfstoßausbildung aufgezeigt. Es wird abgegrenzt, unter welchen Parametern nicht die Fugenschubtragfähigkeit, sondern die Querkrafttragfähigkeit innerhalb des Bauteils bemessungsmaßgebend wird. Zusätzlich wird ein alternativer Modellansatz für eine sehr glatte Stützenfuge vorgeschlagen und durch eine Bemessungstabelle anwenderfreundlich ausgewertet.A contribution to the investigation of the shear‐bearing capacity of butt‐jointed prefabricated columns with particular regard to an extraordinary impact loadThe use of pre‐fabricated concrete elements has special advantages for the building industry. In this paper the butt‐joint connection of prefabricated reinforced concrete columns under high horizontal stresses is focused. A calculation example demonstrates the representative loading cases and the shear design of a butt‐jointed concrete column with a steel plate. Additionally it is differentiated under which situations not the shear bearing capacity of the joint but of the concrete element is decisive for the design. By determining an allowable maximum ratio HEd/NEd the critical loading scenarios are shown and an alternative design model for very smooth column joints is presented and evaluated in an user‐friendly chart.
Minimal/Maximal: Der Neubau der Zentrale der HDI‐Gerling Sachversicherungsgruppe in Hannover
Authors: Sobek Werner , Reinke Hans Georg , Prasser Patrick , Grundke Jörg 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDer von Christoph Ingenhoven entworfene Neubau der Konzernzentrale der HDI‐Gerling Sachversicherungsgruppe in Hannover bietet maximalen Nutzerkomfort bei minimalem Energie‐ und Ressourcenverbrauch. Wesentliche Voraussetzung für das offene, transparente Erscheinungsbild ist das filigrane Tragwerk, das von den Büros Werner Sobek Frankfurt und Stuttgart entworfen und geplant wurde. Der folgende Bericht beschreibt die wesentlichen Besonderheiten dieses Tragwerks.Minimal/Maximal: The new headquarter of the HDI‐Insurance Group in Hanover, GermanyThe new headquarter of the HDI Insurance Group in Hanover was designed by architect Christoph Ingenhoven. It offers maximal user comfort and minimal consumption of energy and resources. An important precondition for the open, transparent appearance of the building is the filigree load‐bearing structure designed and engineered by Werner Sobek (Frankfurt/Stuttgart). The following article describes the most important specifics of this structure.
Ermüdung von Spannbetonträgern mit Bügelbewehrung unter Querkraftbeanspruchung
Authors: Teworte Frederik , Hegger Josef 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBrücken aus den 1960–70er‐Jahren wurden aufgrund der hohen Vorspannung häufig mit sehr geringen Querkraftbewehrungsgraden ausgeführt. Weist man die betroffenen Brücken nach DIN‐Fachbericht 102 mit den neuen Lastmodellen aus DIN‐Fachbericht 101 nach, ergibt sich in vielen Fällen eine deutlich höhere erforderliche Querkraftbewehrung als in den Stegen vorhanden. Zur Untersuchung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Spannbetonträgern mit Querkraftbewehrung wurden Ermüdungsversuche an 14 Trägern mit geringem Querkraftbewehrungsgrad (ρw = 0,15%, ρw = 0,22% und ρw = 0,33%) durchgeführt.Der Beitrag beschreibt die experimentellen Untersuchungen und das in den Versuchen beobachtete sukzessive Versagen der Querkraftbewehrung unter zyklischer Beanspruchung. Anhand von Vergleichsrechnungen und den im Versuch ermittelten Druckstrebenwinkeln wurde ein Ansatz zur Ermittlung der Spannungsschwingbreite der Querkraftbewehrung unter zyklischer Belastung entwickelt. Der Ansatz basiert auf dem Fachwerkmodell mit variablem Druckstrebenwinkel.Fatigue of prestressed beams with web reinforcement under cyclic shearMany existing bridge structures built in the 1960s and 1970s typically feature a high degree of prestressing and low shear reinforcement ratios. Therefore, their shear bearing capacity, originally determined based on the principal tensile strength criterion, can often not be verified with the strut and tie models of DIN‐Fachbericht 102. To investigate the shear strength of prestressed concrete beams with web reinforcement under cyclic loading, fatigue tests on 14 beams with a low amount of shear reinforcement (ρw = 0,15%, ρw = 0,22% and ρw = 0,33%) were performed.The present paper describes the fatigue tests and the occurring gradually stirrup fractures with increasing number of load cycles. Based on comparative calculations and the experimentally determined strut inclinations, a modified approach to calculate the stirrup stress amplitude under cyclic loading has been developed. It is based on a truss model with variable strut inclination.
Full factorial screening of human embryonic stem cell maintenance with multiplexed microbioreactor arrays
Authors: Titmarsh Drew M. , Ovchinnikov Dmitry A. , Wolvetang Ernst J. , Cooper‐White Justin J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUse of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine applications relies on control of cell fate decisions by exogenous factors. This control can be hindered by the use of undefined culture components, poorly understood autocrine/paracrine effects, spatiotemporal variations in microenvironmental composition inherent to static culture formats, and signal cross‐talk between multiple factors. We recently described microbioreactor arrays that provide a full factorial spectrum of exogenous factors, and allow gradual accumulation of paracrine factors through serial culture chambers. We combined these with defined biochemical conditions, and in situ reporter gene‐ and immunofluorescence‐based readouts to create an hPSC screening platform with enhanced data throughput and microenvironmental control. HES3‐EOS‐C(3+)‐EiP reporter hESCs were screened against FGF‐2, TGF‐β1, and retinoic acid in a modified mTeSR‐1 medium background. Differential pluripotency marker expression reflected mTeSR‐1's maintenance capacity, and differentiation in response to removal of maintenance factors or addition of retinoic acid. Interestingly, pluripotency marker expression was downregulated progressively through serial chambers. Since downstream chambers are exposed to greater levels of paracrine factors under continuous flow, this effect is thought to result from secreted factors that negatively influence pluripotency. The microbioreactor array platform decodes factor interplay, and has a broad application in deciphering microenvironmental control of cell fate.