bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship and factors responsible for regulating fasting and post‐challenge plasma glucose levels in the early stage development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Aoyama‐Sasabe Sae , Xin Xin , Taniguchi Ataru , Nakai Yoshikatsu , Mitsui Rie , Tsuji Hideaki , Yabe Daisuke , Yasuda Koichiro , Kurose Takeshi , Inagaki Nobuya , Seino Yutaka , Fukushima Mitsuo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionElevation of 2‐h plasma glucose (2‐h PG) levels keeps step with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels elevation, but some individuals show dominant elevation of 2‐h PG and others FPG. We analyzed dependent and independent relationships between 2‐h PG and FPG, and investigated the factors regulating 2‐h PG and FPG.Materials and MethodsIn 1,657 Japanese participants who underwent a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at the initial examination for a medical check‐up, we carried out simple linear regression analysis between 2‐h PG and FPG levels on the three patterns of independent variables. We divided the participants into two subgroups: the 2‐h PG‐side group and the FPG‐side from the regression line, and examined the relationships between 2‐h PG‐FPG and factors responsible for elevation of plasma glucose levels.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between 2‐h PG and FPG levels. The regression line of both 2‐h PG and FPG as independent variables was in accordance with the regression line of 2‐h PG as an independent variable and FPG as a dependent variable. In 2‐h PG‐side group, age was the independent factor affecting 2‐h PG in addition to insulinogenic index and insulin sensitivity index (ISI composite). In the FPG‐side group, triglyceride was the independent factor affecting FPG in addition to insulinogenic index and ISI composite.ConclusionsTwo‐hour PG was an independent predictor of FPG. In addition to the importance of decreased insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, age was the strong factor to elevate 2‐h PG levels in the 2‐h PG‐side group and triglyceride was the strong factor to elevate FPG levels in the FPG‐side group in the early stage of development of type 2 diabetes.
Treatment patterns with topicals, traditional systemics and biologics in psoriasis – a Swedish database analysis
Authors: Svedbom A. , Dalén J. , Mamolo C. , Cappelleri J.C. , Petersson I.F. , Ståhle M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundLittle data exist on real‐world treatment patterns in psoriasis, especially from European settings.ObjectiveTo estimate, for topicals, systemics and biologics, the time to non‐persistency, switching, augmentation and insufficient treatment result (only for biologics), as well as to estimate the time to restart, in patients treated with each treatment class in Sweden based on registry data.MethodsThis database analysis utilized data from patients with psoriasis from several Swedish administrative registers. Patients were identified through combinations of diagnoses from two regional registers and filled prescriptions for relevant treatments from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Kaplan–Meier time‐to‐event (‘survival’) functions were estimated with relevant treatment events as failure and the proportions of patients having experienced an event at specific time‐points were derived from the failure rates.ResultsFor topicals, systemics and biologics the number of indexed treatment episodes were 25 396, 2963, and 628 respectively. One year after treatment initiation, the proportion of patients who were classed as non‐persistent with topicals, systemics and biologics were estimated at 88.3%, 47.9% and 43.2% respectively. Among patients who remained persistent, within 1 year of treatment start the proportions of treatment episodes in which patients were augmented were estimated at 56.0% for topicals, 45.3% for systemics and 58.9% for biologics. In addition, within 1 year of non‐persistence, 49.0% of topicals, 60.8% of systemics and 80.2% of biologics treatment episodes were re‐initiated, with 35.4–52.5% re‐initiated on the non‐persistent treatment depending on treatment class. In addition, among patients on biologics, 29.2% of treatment episodes had an insufficient treatment result within 1 year of treatment start.ConclusionPersistency to psoriasis treatments may be sub‐optimal and patients who remain persistent relatively frequently receive augmentation therapy or switch to another therapy. Therefore, current treatment options in psoriasis may be insufficient.
Experimental studies to improve the reliability and validity of regulatory judgments on health care in the Netherlands: a randomized controlled trial and before and after case study
Authors: Tuijn Saskia M. , van den Bergh Huub , Robben Paul , Janssens Frans 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesWe examined the effect of two interventions on both the reliability and validity of regulatory judgments: adjusting the regulatory instrument and attending a consensus meeting.MethodWe adjusted the regulatory instrument. With a randomized controlled trial (RCT) we examined the effect of the adjustments we made to the instrument. In the consensus meeting inspectors discussed cases and had to reach consensus about the order of the cases. We used a before and after case study to assess the effect of the consensus meeting. We compared the judgments assigned in the RCT with the unadjusted instrument with the judgments assigned with the unadjusted instrument after the consensus meeting. Moreover we explored the effect of increasing the number of inspectors per regulatory visit based on the estimates of the two interventions.ResultsThe consensus meeting improved the agreement between inspectors; the variance between inspectors was smallest (0.03) and the reliability coefficient was highest (0.59). Validity is assessed by examining the relation between the assigned judgments and the corporate standard and expressed by a correlation coefficient. This coefficient was highest after the consensus meeting (0.48). Adjustment of the instrument did not increase reliability and validity coefficients.ConclusionsParticipating in a consensus meeting improved reliability and validity. Increasing the number of inspectors resulted in both higher reliability and validity values. Organizing consensus meetings and increasing the number of inspectors per regulatory visit seem to be valuable interventions for improving regulatory judgments.
The effect of propofol on intravenous glucose tolerance test in rhesus monkey
Authors: Kim Jong Min , Shin Jun‐Seop , Yoon Il Hee , Min Byoung Hoon , Jeong Won Young , Lee Ga Eul , Kim Min Sun , Kim Ju Eun , Jang Jae Yool , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundMany anesthetics have been shown to impair glucose metabolism and cause hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion during intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in rhesus monkey.MethodsSerum cortisol, blood glucose, insulin, andC‐peptide concentrations duringIVGTTwere measured in four rhesus monkeys under either conscious state or propofol anesthesia.Results and ConclusionsThe levels of serum cortisol significantly increased under conscious condition, whereas these levels remained constant under propofol anesthesia. In propofol group, the levels of serum insulin andC‐peptide significantly increased compared with those in conscious group. Accordingly, glucose disposal capacity was significantly improved, and the time to return to basal glucose levels was shortened in propofol group. This study showed that propofol significantly increased insulin andC‐peptide, and the corresponding improvement in glucose disposal may be related to reduction of serum cortisol in monkey.
Strategies to Overcome Hostile Subclavian Anatomy during Transradial Coronary Angiography and Interventions: Impact on Fluoroscopy, Procedural Time, Complications, and Radial Patency
Authors: RIGATELLI GIANLUCA , DELL'AVVOCATA FABIO , VASSILIEV DOBRIN , DAGGUBATI RAMESH , NANJIUNDAPPA ARAVINDA , GIORDAN MASSIMO , AL AZZA KHALID , CARDAIOLI PAOLO , NGUYEN THACH 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundHostile anatomy of the subclavian artery (severe tortuosity and/or heavy calcification) remains a significant obstacle for the transradial approach during coronary angiography and interventions.ObjectiveTo assess impacts on fluoroscopy and procedural times, complications, and radial artery patency in patients with hostile subclavian anatomy by using multiple catheter‐guide techniques.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical and equipment data of 4,580 consecutive patients (mean age 74.4 ± 26.7 years, 49.5% females) who have been referred for transradial coronary angiography and/or interventions within the last 3 years (September 2010–September 2013). In order to overcome the strangling hold of a hostile subclavian artery, 2 techniques have been used: (1) for a coronary angiography‐only procedure, a double mother and child technique; (2) for percutaneous coronary intervention, a triple mother and child technique.ResultsNinety‐five patients (2.1%) from the entire study population exhibited a hostile subclavian artery. Fifty‐two patients (1.1%) underwent coronary angiography only and 43 patients (1%) underwent interventions requiring the use of the above double or triple mother and child techniques, respectively. The 2 techniques were successful in 94.7% of patients (90/95 patients). The procedural time was significantly longer in the patients with hostile subclavian artery while there were no differences in the fluoroscopy time. The radial artery was patent at 30 days in 92.6% of patients (88/95 patients).ConclusionOur data showed that in the presence of hostile subclavian anatomy, the mother and child techniques appeared safe and effective, allowing for the completion of the intended procedure. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:428–434)
Long‐Term Vascular Responses to Resolute® and Xience V® Polymer‐Based Drug‐Eluting Stents in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis
Authors: HOYMANS VICKY Y. , VAN DYCK CHRISTOPHE J. , HAINE STEVEN E. , FREDERIX GEERT , FRANSEN ERIK , TIMMERMANS JEAN‐PIERRE , VRINTS CHRISTIAAN J. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the late postinterventional response to iliac stenting in atheromatous rabbits using the Xience V everolimus‐eluting stent (Xience V EES; Abbott Vascular) and the Resolute zotarolimus‐eluting stent (Resolute ZES; Medtronic Vascular) with the MultiLink Vision bare metal stent (BMS; Abbott Vascular) as a reference.BackgroundXience V EES and Resolute ZES were developed to overcome shortcomings of first‐generation DES.MethodsFunctional and microscopic changes were assessed by organ bath experiments and histopathologic examination. Gene expression was investigated using RT‐PCR.ResultsAfter 91 days, re‐endothelialization was nearly complete (BMS: 93 ± 3%; Resolute ZES: 92 ± 2%; Xience V EES: 94 ± 3%; P = 0.10). Neointima thickness was similar in Resolute ZES (0.17 ± 0.08 mm) and BMS (0.17 ± 0.09 mm), and reduced in Xience V EES (0.03 ± 0.01 mm; P < 0.0001). Xience V EES had less peri‐strut inflammation compared with BMS (P = 0.001) and Resolute ZES (P = 0.0001), while arterial segments distal to Xience V EES were more sensitive to acetylcholine than those distal to BMS and Resolute ZES (P = 0.02). Lectin‐like oxidized receptor‐1 was overexpressed in stented arteries (P < 0.001), whereas thrombomodulin was downregulated in Resolute ZES (P = 0.01) and BMS (P = 0.02) compared to unstented arteries of rabbits on regular chow. No significant changes were seen for vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, nitric oxide synthase 3, or endothelin‐1.ConclusionsAt 3‐month follow‐up, nearly complete re‐endothelialization was achieved for all stent groups. Xience V EES induced greater suppression of neointimal growth and peri‐strut inflammation, higher vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, and expression of thrombomodulin at the level of unstented controls. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:381–390)
DIETARY ADHERENCE IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE
Authors: Apostolou Aggeliki , Karagiozoglou‐Lampoudi Τhomai 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundIn children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a nutrition support plan is important to ensure optimal macro‐ and micro‐nutrient intake in order to avoid malnutrition, disease‐related complications and growth rate reduction. Children with CKD and their families encounter many difficulties in adjusting to the renal diet. Even though adherence to the recommended dietary plan is important in CKD, it is rarely measured partly due to the lack of robust, unbiased assessment methods.MethodsIn this review of 22 papers, the techniques used to assess adherence in children with CKD are reviewed, alongside their advantages and disadvantages.FindingsAlthough dietary surveys, biochemical index assessment and clinician ratings have been found not to be efficient when used as a single tool, they should be used in combination in order to give the opportunity to the health providers to perceive adherence from as many angles as possible.
MANAGEMENT OF HYPERPHOSPHATAEMIA: PRACTICES AND PERSPECTIVES AMONGST THE RENAL CARE COMMUNITY
Authors: Nagel Christina Johanna Maria , Casal María Cruz , Lindley Elizabeth , Rogers Susan , Pancířová Jitka , Kernc Jennifer , Copley J. Brian , Fouque Denis 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundProtein‐rich foods are a major source of dietary phosphorus; therefore, helping patients to increase their dietary protein intake, while simultaneously managing their hyperphosphataemia, poses a significant challenge for renal care professionals.ObjectivesTo examine the clinical recommendations and practice perceptions of renal care professionals providing nutrition and phosphate control advice to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsRenal care professionals from four European countries completed an online survey on the clinical management of hyperphosphataemia.ResultsThe majority of responders recommended a protein intake of less than 1.0 g/kg/day for pre‐dialysis patients, 1.2 g/kg/day for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 1.1–1.2 g/kg/day for patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). The most common perception was that maintaining dietary protein intake and reducing dietary phosphorus intake are equally important for hyperphosphataemia management. For patients in the pre‐dialysis stage, the majority of responders (59%) reported that their first‐line management recommendation would be reduction of dietary phosphorus. For patients undergoing PD and HD, the majority of responders (53% and 59%, respectively) reported a first‐line management recommendation of both reduction of dietary phosphorus and phosphate binder therapy. More renal nurses than dietitians perceived reducing dietary phosphorus to be more important than maintaining protein intake (for patients undergoing PD, 23% vs. 0%, respectively; for patients undergoing HD, 34% vs. 0%, respectively).ConclusionThis renal care community followed professionally accepted guidelines for patient nutrition and management of hyperphosphataemia. There was disparity in the perceptions and recommendations between nurses and dietitians, highlighting the need to standardise management practices amongst renal care professionals.
Relationship between expression of human gingival beta‐defensins and levels of periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque
Authors: Wang P. , Duan D. , Zhou X. , Li X. , Yang J. , Deng M. , Xu Y. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectiveHuman beta‐defensins (hBDs) are a group of antimicrobial peptides important in epithelial innate immunity, and their differential expression is associated with periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to explore relationships among hBDs, total subgingival bacteria and periodontopathogens in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsThe periodontal clinical parameters of 29 healthy subjects and 25 patients with chronic periodontitis were recorded. The relative expression of hBD1, hBD2 and hBD3 genes in gingival biopsies was measured using real‐time PCR. The numbers of total bacteria and of Treponema denticola, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque were quantified by real‐time PCR. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test and Spearman's rank correlation test.ResultsNo significant differences in expression of the hBD genes were found between the group of healthy subjects and the group of patients with chronic periodontitis. Total bacteria and T. denticola were detected in all participants. F. nucleatum and T. forsythia were detected in all patients with chronic periodontitis and in 86.21% and 51.72%, respectively, of healthy volunteers. P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in 24.14% and 17.24%, respectively, of the healthy group and in 84.00% and 12.00%, respectively, of the chronic periodontitis group. The prevalence of all bacteria, except A. actinomycetemcomitans, was significantly higher in the group of patients with chronic periodontitis than in the group of healthy subjects (p < 0.05). A significant, negative correlation was observed between total bacteria and hBD‐2 (r = −0.384, p = 0.011). Upon analyzing the data in different groups, total bacteria and hBD‐2 were significantly correlated (r = −0.492, p = 0.026) only in the group of healthy subjects.ConclusionThe negative correlations between hBD‐2 and total bacteria, especially in the group of healthy subjects, indicate that hBDs may play an important role by limiting an increase of bacterial load at the initial stage of periodontitis.
Five‐year clinical results for treatment of intrabony defects with EMD, guided tissue regeneration and open‐flap debridement: a case series
Authors: Mitani A. , Takasu H. , Horibe T. , Furuta H. , Nagasaka T. , Aino M. , Fukuda M. , Fujimura T. , Mogi M. , Noguchi T. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectiveAlthough regenerative periodontal surgery with EMD or guided tissue regeneration (GTR) has been shown to enhance periodontal regeneration, there are limited data on the long‐term results following these treatment modalities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the long‐term clinical outcomes in intrabony defects following regenerative periodontal surgery with EMD or GTR compared with open‐flap debridement (OFD).Material and MethodsData from 40 subjects (44 teeth), with no history of smoking or systemic diseases that could interfere with periodontal disease and who received one of three surgical procedures (EMD, GTR or OFD) for two‐ or three‐wall intrabony defects, were analyzed. Postoperative reduction in probing pocket depth, gain in clinical attachment level, gingival recession and percentage bone fill were compared at 1, 3 and 5 years.ResultsReduction in probing pocket depth after GTR was significantly higher than after OFD at 1 and 3 years postoperatively, but there was no difference between the groups at 5 years. The gains in clinical attachment level for EMD (at 3 and 5 years) and for GTR (at 1, 3 and 5 years) were significantly greater than for OFD. Gingival recession after treatment with EMD and GTR showed a tendency toward positive results, whereas no such tendency was observed for OFD. Postoperative percentage bone fill for EMD and GTR was significantly greater than for OFD at 3 and 5 years.ConclusionsThis is a retrospective study and an exploratory report with a high risk of bias. Within the limits of the current study, it may be concluded that superior gains in clinical attachment level and improved percentage bone fill can be obtained with EMD and GTR when compared with OFD, and these can be maintained over a period of 5 years.
Effects of fatigue from sleep deprivation on experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Nakada T. , Kato T. , Numabe Y. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectiveFactors such as vascularization of the periodontium, inflammatory reactions and immune response affect the oral environment and ecology, decreasing host resistance and promoting the development of symptoms and the advancement of periodontal disease. Fatigue also influences the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and reports relate it to systemic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fatigue is a modifying factor for periodontal disease in rats.Material and MethodsWe divided 24 3‐wk‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats randomly into the following four groups: control; fatigue (deep sleep deprivation for 7 d); infection (rats inoculated with carboxymethyl cellulose containing periodontopathic bacteria); and compound (combined fatigue and infection conditions). Weight, serum corticosterone levels, serum albumin levels, interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α expression levels and distance from the cement–enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest were measured at baseline, and on the 36th (before sleep deprivation), 43rd (immediately after sleep deprivation) and 57th d (end of experiment).ResultsImmediately after sleep deprivation and at the end of the experiment, weight gain in the fatigue and compound groups was significantly lower than in controls (p < 0.05). Immediately after sleep deprivation, serum corticosterone levels were significantly higher in the fatigue and compound groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, serum albumin levels were significantly lower in the fatigue and compound groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Immediately after sleep deprivation, gene expression of interleukin‐1β was significantly higher in the infection and compound groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, gene expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α was significantly higher in the compound group than in controls (p < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the distance from the cement–enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest was significantly higher in the infection and compound groups than in controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, the distance was significantly higher in the compound group than in the infection group.ConclusionsFatigue worsened systemic health in rats and increased gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. In conclusion, our results suggest that fatigue is a modifying factor for periodontal disease in rats.