bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomolecular templating of functional hybrid nanostructures using repeat protein scaffolds
Authors: Romera David , Couleaud Pierre , Mejias Sara H. , Aires Antonio , Cortajarena Aitziber L. 
Published: October 2015

The precise synthesis of materials and devices with tailored complex structures and properties is a requisite for the development of the next generation of products based on nanotechnology. Nowadays, the technology for the generation of this type of devices lacks the precision to determine their properties and is accomplished mostly by ‘trial and error’ experimental approaches. The use of bottom-up approaches that rely on highly specific biomolecular interactions of small and simple components is an attractive approach for the templating of nanoscale elements. In nature, protein assemblies define complex structures and functions. Engineering novel bio-inspired assemblies by exploiting the same rules and interactions that encode the natural diversity is an emerging field that opens the door to create nanostructures with numerous potential applications in synthetic biology and nanotechnology. Self-assembly of biological molecules into defined functional structures has a tremendous potential in nano-patterning and the design of novel materials and functional devices. Molecular self-assembly is a process by which complex 3D structures with specified functions are constructed from simple molecular building blocks. Here we discuss the basis of biomolecular templating, the great potential of repeat proteins as building blocks for biomolecular templating and nano-patterning. In particular, we focus on the designed consensus tetratricopeptide repeats (CTPRs), the control on the assembly of these proteins into higher order structures and their potential as building blocks in order to generate functional nanostructures and materials.
Conservation of gene and tissue networks regulating insulin signalling in flies and vertebrates
Authors: Das Rahul , Dobens Leonard L. 
Published: October 2015

Fruit flies have emerged as a powerful tool to investigate metabolism. Not only are gene structures and gene networks that control metabolism conserved through evolution, but the interactions among organs to store and process metabolites have strong similarities between flies and humans. Accordingly, the Drosophila system has the potential to address human disorders associated with metabolic dysfunction including obesity, type 2 diabetes and lipotoxicity.
Understanding the function of ABCA7 in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Hongyun , Karl Tim , Garner Brett 
Published: October 2015

ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) is highly expressed in the brain. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify ABCA7 single nt polymorphisms (SNPs) that increase Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. It is now important to understand the true function of ABCA7 in the AD context. We have begun to address this using in vitro and in vivo AD models. Our initial studies showed that transient overexpression of ABCA7 in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulted in an approximate 50% inhibition in the production of the AD-related amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide as compared with mock-transfected cells. This increased ABCA7 expression was also associated with alterations in other markers of APP processing and an accumulation of cellular APP. To probe for a function of ABCA7 in vivo, we crossed Abca7−/− mice with J20 mice, an amyloidogenic transgenic AD mouse model [B6.Cg-Tg(PDGFB-APPSwInd)20Lms/J] expressing a mutant form of human APP bearing both the Swedish (K670N/M671L) and Indiana (V717F) familial AD mutations. We found that ABCA7 loss doubled insoluble Aβ levels and amyloid plaques in the brain. This did not appear to be related to changes in APP processing (C-terminal fragment analysis), which led us to assess other mechanism by which ABCA7 may modulate Aβ homoeostasis. As we have shown that microglia express high levels of ABCA7, we examined a role for ABCA7 in the phagocytic clearance of Aβ. Our data indicated that the capacity for bone marrow-derived macrophages derived from Abca7−/− mice to phagocytose Aβ was reduced by 51% compared with wild-type (WT) mice. This suggests ABCA7 plays a role in the regulation of Aβ homoeostasis in the brain and that this may be related to Aβ clearance by microglia.
Tribbles pseudokinases: novel targets for chemical biology and drug discovery?
Authors: Foulkes Daniel M. , Byrne Dominic P. , Bailey Fiona P. , Eyers Patrick A. 
Published: October 2015

Tribbles (TRIB) proteins are pseudokinase mediators of eukaryotic signalling that have evolved important roles in lipoprotein metabolism, immune function and cellular differentiation and proliferation. In addition, an evolutionary-conserved modulation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathways highlights them as novel and rather unusual pharmaceutical targets. The three human TRIB family members are uniquely defined by an acidic pseudokinase domain containing a ‘broken’ α C-helix and a MEK (MAPK/ERK)-binding site at the end of the putative C-lobe and a distinct C-terminal peptide motif that interacts directly with a small subset of cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases. This latter interaction drives proteasomal-dependent degradation of networks of transcription factors, whose rate of turnover determines the biological attributes of individual TRIB family members. Defining the function of individual Tribs has been made possible through evaluation of individual TRIB knockout mice, siRNA/overexpression approaches and genetic screening in flies, where the single TRIB gene was originally described 15 years ago. The rapidly maturing TRIB field is primed to exploit chemical biology approaches to evaluate endogenous TRIB signalling events in intact cells. This will help define how TRIB-driven protein–protein interactions and the atypical TRIB ATP-binding site, fit into cellular signalling modules in experimental scenarios where TRIB-signalling complexes remain unperturbed. In this mini-review, we discuss how small molecules can reveal rate-limiting signalling outputs and functions of Tribs in cells and intact organisms, perhaps serving as guides for the development of new drugs. We predict that appropriate small molecule TRIB ligands will further accelerate the transition of TRIB pseudokinase analysis into the mainstream of cell signalling.
Multiplex assessment of the positions of odorant receptor-specific glomeruli in the mouse olfactory bulb by serial two-photon tomography
Authors: Zapiec Bolek , Mombaerts Peter 
Published: October 2015

Significance
In the mouse, olfactory sensory neurons choose one of ∼1,100 odorant receptor genes for expression. The receptor determines not only to what odorants the neuron responds but also in which glomerulus of the olfactory bulb its axon terminates. The positions of the ∼3,600 glomeruli are traditionally described as stereotyped. Using an automated method that cuts sections off brain samples and fluorescently images the block face, we quantitatively assess the positions for six types of glomeruli. The level of variability is more substantial than typically acknowledged, and some types of glomeruli are more variable in their position than others. Our results quantify the level of precision that is delivered by the mechanisms of axon wiring in the mouse olfactory system.
Greek “Figured Speech” on Imperial Rome
Authors: Pernot Laurent 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTUnder the Roman Empire, the Greek elites expressed the greatest respect for the emperors and celebrated the advantages of Roman domination. But behind the brilliant façade, certain factors of complexity were at work. This article uses the notion of “figured speech” to detect covert advice or reservation in the works of Dio of Prusa, known as Dio Chrysostom, and Aelius Aristides, two important representatives of Greek literature and the so-called Second Sophistic (first to second century CE). By “figured speech” ancient rhetoricians meant the cases in which orators resorted to ruses to disguise their intentions, by using indirect language to get to the points they wanted to make. Our method consists of linking certain texts by Aristides and Dio and passages from theoretical treatises together to make clear the precise procedure of figured speech that is used in each case: eloquent silence, “the hidden key,” blame behind praise, generalization, and speaking through a mask. Figured speech is an avenue of research that is opening up to interpret Greek rhetoric and literature better. The Greek case is particularly rich, and it could help analyze the return of the same phenomenon in other epochs and other cultures.
Citizens and Captives: Depictions of the “Conquered” in the Roman Empire
Authors: Lamp Kathleen S. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis article examines constructions of Roman citizenship in Roman state art, arguing that beginning in the late republic a broader concept of citizenship was prevalent—one rooted largely in shared culture and defined in opposition to a “barbarian” other. From this reading of state art, two arguments emerge: First, the emphasis on enculturation created an ever-moving line between Roman and barbarian. Second, the subject position created subjected both the Roman viewer and non-Roman subject. The article then turns to a reading of Greek orator Aristides’s Regarding Rome to show that the concept of citizenship stressed in state art is clearly present, though not necessarily well received.
Kant, Rhetoric, and the Challenges of Freedom
Authors: Stroud Scott R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Kant clearly valued freedom in his moral philosophy, but he also seemed to distance the moral realm from the activities of rhetoric. This article challenges the long-standing concept of Kant as anti-rhetoric, complicating the view that rhetoric had no place in Kant’s philosophy. After examining the centrality of freedom as autonomy in Kant’s moral and political philosophy, this article carefully dissects Kant’s pronouncements on rhetoric in his various works. The conclusion reached is that Kant advances a bifurcated notion of rhetoric, with some uses of communicative means being characterized by freedom-restricting features and other employments foregrounding autonomy-enhancing aspects. This latter sense of communication is what can be identified as Kant’s educative rhetoric given its focus on preserving and promoting the freedom of both rhetor and audience.
Suzaku observations of the galaxy cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214: Implications of particle acceleration processes in the “Toothbrush” radio relic
Authors: Itahana Madoka , Takizawa Motokazu , Akamatsu Hiroki , Ohashi Takaya , Ishisaki Yoshitaka , Kawahara Hajime , van Weeren Reinout J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We present the results of Suzaku observations of the galaxy cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 with the “Toothbrush” radio relic. Although a shock with Mach number M ≃ 4 is expected at the outer edge of the relic from the radio observation, our temperature measurements of the intracluster medium indicate a weaker temperature difference than expected. The Mach number estimated from the temperature difference at the outer edge of the relic is M ≃ 1.5, which is significantly lower than the value estimated from the radio data even considering both statistical and systematic errors. This suggests that a diffusive shock acceleration theory in the linear test particle regime, which is commonly used to link the radio spectral index to the Mach number, is invalid for this relic. We also measured the temperature difference across the western part of the relic, where a shock with M ≃ 1.6 is suggested from the X-ray surface brightness analysis of the XMM-Newton data, and obtained consistent results in an independent way. We searched for the non-thermal inverse Compton component in the relic region and the resultant upper limit on the flux is 2.4 × 10−13 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.3–10 keV band. The lower limit of the magnetic field strength becomes 1.6 μG, which means that magnetic energy density could be more than a few percent of the thermal energy.
Long-Term Evaluation of Eyebrow Soft Tissue Expansion in Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Moore Grant H. , Rootman Dan B. , Yeganeh Amir , Goldberg Robert A. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the long-term transformation of lateral eyebrow soft tissue in a group of patients with known thyroid eye disease.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all patients with a known diagnosis of thyroid eye disease with clinical photos available from both their initial diagnosis visit and at least 7 years following their initial visit was performed. Age at diagnosis, sex, disease activity, previous orbital, and eyelid surgery were noted, as was history of treatment with radioactive iodine, steroids, and external beam radiation. The area between the upper eyebrow and upper eyelid crease was evaluated in standardized photographs by a panel of 4 expert, independent, masked observers utilizing a previously published visual grading key.

Results:
One hundred and four patients met inclusion criteria. Fifteen participants were male and 89 were female. The mean patient age was 50.6 years (±1.21 years), and the mean follow up duration was 10.0 years (±0.23 years). The mean initial photo grade (1.24) was significantly higher than the mean follow up photo grade (1.00; p < 0.01). In logistic regression analyses, only the initial photograph grade was significantly associated with improvement in eyebrow soft tissue appearance (p < 0.01). Medical and surgical treatments were not significantly associated with changes in eyebrow soft tissue appearance (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Expansion of eyebrow soft tissue may improve over time in patients with thyroid eye disease. This change was not affected by age, sex, disease activity, surgery, or medical therapy.
Factors Associated With the Management of Adverse Drug Reactions Among Community Pharmacists in South Korea
Authors: Ha Dongmun , Song Inmyung , Park Sunyoung , Lee Eui-Kyung 
Published: October 2015

Objectives
Community pharmacists dispensed 68.4% of all drugs used in Korea, but reported only 2.0% of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in 2011. This study compared community pharmacists' understanding of the importance of ADR management and their actual practice of it, and identified relevant factors related to their management of ADR.

Methods
With the use of a modified health belief model (HBM), 800 community pharmacists were surveyed via social network service messaging. A total of 200 usable responses were obtained for an effective response rate of 25.0%. Descriptive analysis was used to quantify the differences between community pharmacists' understanding of the importance of ADR prevention and their practice. A hierarchical regression was performed with the following predictors: (1) demographic factors, (2) social impact of ADR prevention, (3) importance of social support, and (4) cognition about the importance of ADR prevention.

Results
Although community pharmacists clearly recognized the importance of ADR management, their performance was very low. The disparity between cognition and performance was more pronounced for ADR reporting than for patient counseling. Social support was the most powerful predictor of ADR prevention practice, explaining 18.5% of the variance in ADR prevention practice. Social impact of ADR prevention, demographic factors, and cognition about the importance of ADR prevention explained 12.6%, 6.2%, and 1.8% of the variance, respectively.

Conclusions
Strengthening community pharmacists' performance of population-based ADR management should be prioritized over patient-oriented ADR management. To improve public health, community pharmacists should make an effort at ADR reporting. This can be done with appropriate government support, such as incentives to community pharmacists, public awareness campaigns, education, and establishment of feedback systems.
Analysis of the Implementation of Blood Tests Specified in the Package Insert After Prescription of Thiamazole
Authors: Nasuhara Yasuyuki , Sakushima Ken , Oki Hiromitsu , Yamada Takehiro , Iseki Ken , Umeki Reona , Endoh Akira 
Published: October 2015

Objectives
The antithyroid drug thiamazole has long been known to cause the serious adverse effect of agranulocytosis, and performing regular blood tests is listed among the warnings on the package insert. We conducted a retrospective survey of how often doctors conducted blood tests in accordance with the package insert when thiamazole was prescribed at our hospital.

Methods
The subjects were patients to whom thiamazole was newly prescribed at our hospital between April 2004 and March 2012. During the target period, thiamazole was newly prescribed to 438 patients.

Results
We found that blood tests after prescription of thiamazole as listed in the warning section on the package insert are not performed sufficiently. The rate at which white blood cell counts were obtained decreased over time. The rate at which differential leukocyte counts were obtained was approximately 80% of white blood cell counts at all observational time points. In contrast, the percentage of subjects whose white blood cell counts were measured increased according to a time-trend analysis.

Conclusions
This study revealed that blood tests after prescription of thiamazole as listed in the warning section on the package insert are not performed sufficiently at our hospital. The rate at which differential leukocyte counts were obtained was approximately 80% of white blood cell counts at all observational periods. Physician education should be more rigorously performed than presently done, and automatic generation of warnings that urge blood tests and patient education regarding the importance of blood tests is also important.
The factors and conditions for national human resource development in Brazil
Authors: Sparkman Torrence E 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors and conditions that influence national human resource development (NHRD) in Brazil. In this paper, the transitioning nature of the political, economic, social and educational conditions; the current challenges and trends that may impact NHRD; and the current status of NHRD research in Brazil are examined.Design/methodology/approach– A search of the research literature focused on the political, economic, cultural, social and educational environment and the research associated with NHRD in Brazil was conducted. After searching several databases, including Academic Search Complete, Google Scholar, ERIC and EBSCO, several articles were selected and analyzed based on the depth of description of the conditions and research.Findings– Among the factors discovered, race, gender and educational equality are still concerns. The complex nature of the relationship between the Brazilian Government, its people and organizations, as well as the efforts of Brazil’s multinational and indigenous organizations to address their national development needs, are also presented.Originality/value– Brazil is currently and projected to be a long-term player in the global economy; however, it struggles to cope with conditions incongruent to the country’s long-term success. This paper frames the conditions and suggests ways of moving forward through human resource development practice, policy and research in Brazil.
A modeling approach to sport volunteer satisfaction
Authors: Giannoulakis Chrysostomos , Wang Chien-Hsin , Felver Nathan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– In a currently western-dominated body of literature, the purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between motivation, experience, and satisfaction through a structural equation model. This empirical examination was performed in the context of a mega-sporting event (i.e. Asian Games), while considering sample characteristics and the cultural setting of a Middle Eastern host country (i.e. Qatar).

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey was disseminated to 12 competition and non-competition venues of the 15th Asian Games in Doha, Qatar. There was a convenience sample of 392 volunteers.

Findings
– Three-factor identification for volunteer motivation (external, purposive, and event related) with 48.76 percent variance explained. One-factor identification for volunteer experience with 66.08 percent of the variance explained. Two-factor identification for volunteer satisfaction (recruitment and training, communication and support) with 68.93 percent of variance explained. The sport volunteer satisfaction model fit data well (root mean square error of approximation=0.04, non-normed fit index=0.98, comparative fit index=0.99, standardized root mean squared residual=0.03). Motivation was positively and significantly related to experience. In turn, experience was positively and significantly related to satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations included the utilization of a convenience and homogeneous sample (approximately 78 percent were Asian males), and the fact the retention construct was not included in the model. Results indicated the need to further the utilization of modeling approaches in examining psychometric properties of sport event volunteers, as well as expand the knowledge of how eastern cultures perceive the concept of volunteerism.

Practical implications
– Volunteers at the Asian Games were satisfied due to the fact that their event-related motives were actually fulfilled. Participants’ overall satisfaction levels were high since their experience with the event was also positive. Initially, satisfied volunteers could encourage additional volunteer involvement. An extended community-based volunteer pool could be utilized for a plethora of events in Qatar, thus supporting the country’s aspiration for becoming a hub for international sport events.

Originality/value
– The authors tested empirically the interrelationship between volunteer motivation, experience, and satisfaction through a structural equation model in a Middle Eastern mega-sporting event.
Government-funded event organisations – good and bad practice
Authors: Devine Adrian , Devine Frances 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how the structure of government-funded event agencies affected the development of the events industry in Northern Ireland. The institutional arrangements for two agencies which operated at different times in Northern Ireland were analysed.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 62 in-depth interviews were conducted with event organisers and public officials who had worked directly with these two organisations.Findings– The standalone National Events Agency which began operating in 1999 was found to be more hands-on and worked closely with event organisers to develop the quality of their event. As a quango it worked at arms length from government. Unfortunately it abused this freedom and used public monies to manage its own events, highlighting the need for transparency and accountability when managing this type of agency. In 2008 it was replaced by an Events Unit which was set up within the National Tourism Organisation. Under this structure event tourism and not event development was the priority. For the events industry this created development issues and reduced its clout at government level.Originality/value– This paper addressed a gap in the literature and found that the institutional arrangements did affect how a government-funded events agency operated and what it regarded as a strategic priority. This in turn had repercussions for the development of the events industry.