bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and immunological pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus in men in a cohort of 2355 patients
Authors: Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Hosseini Almodarresi Mahdieh , Akbarian Mahmood , Gharibdoost Farhad , Akhlaghi Masoumeh , Jamshidi Ahamadreza , Shahram Farhad , Nadji Abdolhadi , Shafaie Nahid , Akhlaghkhah Maryam , Paragomi Pedram , Davatchi Fereydoun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of gender on expression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a cohort of 2355 SLE patients as one of the largest series of cases among the present reports.MethodIn this retrospective study we used medical records of all patients (239 male and 2116 female) of the SLE registry of Rheumatology Research Center (RRC), Tehran University of Medical science (TUMS), Iran. Both clinical and paraclinical manifestations of SLE patients have been registered in this database since 1976 and updated during their follow‐up. Chi‐square test was used to compare the clinical and paraclinical manifestations in men and women at disease onset and during the disease course. We used logistic regression to compute odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A P‐value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsMean age at disease onset was 25 ± 11.8 and 24.5 ± 10.3 years in men and women, respectively (P = 0.48). Comparison of clinical and immunological manifestations showed that male patients had a higher prevalence of mucocutaneous (43.5% vs. 33.7%, P = 0.005) and a lower prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (44% vs. 54.7%, P = 0.003) as the initial manifestation. During the disease course, discoid rash (25.9% vs. 13%, P = 0.000) and type IV lupus nephritis (23.4% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.03) were significantly more common, whereas arthritis (61.1% vs. 71.7%, P = 0.01) and leukopenia (28.5% vs. 35.8%, P = 0.024) were significantly less common in men.ConclusionThis study reveals gender influence on some manifestations of SLE. Considering sex differences is recommended in diagnostic and therapeutic features of the disease.
Interactions between the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pallida and Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic pathogen of corals
Authors: Krediet Cory J. , Meyer Julie L. , Gimbrone Nicholas , Yanong Roy , Berzins Ilze , Alagely Ali , Castro Herman , Ritchie Kim B. , Paul Valerie J. , Teplitski Max 
Published: February 2014

SummaryCoral reefs are under increasing stress caused by global and local environmental changes, which are thought to increase the susceptibility of corals to opportunistic pathogens. In the absence of an easily culturable model animal, the understanding of the mechanisms of disease progression in corals remains fairly limited. In the present study, we tested the susceptibility of the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pallida to an opportunistic coral pathogen (Serratia marcescens). A. pallida was susceptible to S. marcescens PDL100 and responded to this opportunistic coral pathogen with darkening of the tissues and retraction of tentacles, followed by complete disintegration of polyp tissues. Histological observations revealed loss of zooxanthellae and structural changes in eosinophilic granular cells in response to pathogen infection. A screen of S. marcescens mutants identified a motility and tetrathionate reductase mutants as defective in virulence in the A. pallida infection model. In co‐infections with the wild‐type strain, the tetrathionate reductase mutant was less fit within the surface mucopolysaccharide layer of the host coral Acropora palmata.
Enrichment of specific bacterial and eukaryotic microbes in the rhizosphere of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) through root exudates
Authors: Mao Yuejian , Li Xiangzhen , Smyth Eoghan M. , Yannarell Anthony C. , Mackie Roderick I. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIdentification of microbes that actively utilize root exudates is essential to understand plant–microbe interactions. To identify active root exudate‐utilizing microorganisms associated with switchgrass – a potential bioenergy crop – plants were labelled in situ with 13CO2, and 16S and 18S rRNA genes in the 13C‐labelled rhizosphere DNA were pyrosequenced. Multi‐pulse labelling for 5 days produced detectable 13C‐DNA, which was well separated from unlabelled DNA. Methylibium from the order Burkholderiales were the most heavily labelled bacteria. Pythium, Auricularia and Galerina were the most heavily labelled eukaryotic microbes. We also identified a Glomus intraradices‐like species; Glomus members are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that are able to colonize the switchgrass root. All of these heavily labelled microorganisms were also among the most abundant species in the rhizosphere. Species belonging to Methylibium and Pythium were the most heavily labelled and the most abundant bacteria and eukaryotes in the rhizosphere of switchgrass. Our results revealed that nearly all of the dominant rhizosphere bacterial and eukaryotic microbes were able to utilize root exudates. The enrichment of microbial species in the rhizosphere is selective and mostly due to root exudation, which functions as a nutrition source, promoting the growth of these microbes.
The c‐di‐GMP phosphodiesterase BifA regulates biofilm development in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Jiménez‐Fernández Alicia , López‐Sánchez Aroa , Calero Patricia , Govantes Fernando 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWe previously showed the isolation of biofilm‐persistent Pseudomonas putida mutants that fail to undergo biofilm dispersal upon entry in stationary phase. Two such mutants were found to bear insertions in PP0914, encoding a GGDEF/EAL domain protein with high similarity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa BifA. Here we show the phenotypic characterization of a ΔbifA mutant in P. putida KT2442. This mutant displayed increased biofilm and pellicle formation, cell aggregation in liquid medium and decreased starvation‐induced biofilm dispersal relative to the wild type. Unlike its P. aeruginosa counterpart, P. putida BifA did not affect swarming motility. The hyperadherent phenotype of the ΔbifA mutant correlates with a general increase in cyclic diguanylate (c‐di‐GMP) levels, Congo Red‐binding exopolysaccharide production and transcription of the adhesin‐encoding lapA gene. Integrity of the EAL motif and a modified GGDEF motif (altered to GGDQF) were crucial for BifA activity, and c‐di‐GMP depletion by overexpression of a heterologous c‐di‐GMP phosphodiesterase in the ΔbifA mutant restored wild‐type biofilm dispersal and lapA expression. Our results indicate that BifA is a phosphodiesterase involved in the regulation of the c‐di‐GMP pool and required for the generation of the low c‐di‐GMP signal that triggers starvation‐induced biofilm dispersal.
Effect of foliar‐applied potassium silicate on coffee leaf infection by Hemileia vastatrix
Authors: Carré‐Missio V. , Rodrigues F.A. , Schurt D.A. , Resende R.S. , Souza N.F.A. , Rezende D.C. , Moreira W.R. , Zambolim L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCoffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, is the most devastating disease of coffee. Since limited information is available in the literature on silicon (Si) affecting plant diseases in coffee, this study was designed to investigate foliar application of potassium silicate (PS), a source of soluble (Si), on infection process of coffee leaf rust at the microscopic level. The foliar Si concentration for plants sprayed with water and PS has no significant difference (0.24 and 0.30 dag kg−1, respectively). X‐ray microanalysis indicated that the deposition of Si on the leaves of the plants that were sprayed with PS was greater in comparison to the leaf samples from the plants sprayed with water. Rust severity on leaves of plants sprayed with water or sprayed with PS reached 44% and 32%, respectively, at 36 days after inoculation (dai). Plates of polymerised PS were observed on the leaf surfaces of the plants sprayed with the product, in contrast to its absence on the leaf surfaces of plants sprayed with water. At 36 dai, a greater number of uredia were observed on the leaf surfaces of plants sprayed with water in comparison to the leaf surfaces of plants sprayed with PS. On fractured leaf tissues that were sprayed with PS, less fungal colonisation was observed in comparison to the leaves of plants sprayed with water. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the effect of foliar‐applied Si on the control of the coffee leaf rust development may be attributed to the physical role of the polymerised PS, its osmotic effect against urediniospores germination, or both.
Repeated stress exposure causes strain‐dependent shifts in the behavioral economics of cocaine in rats
Authors: Groblewski Peter A. , Zietz Chad , Willuhn Ingo , Phillips Paul E. M. , Chavkin Charles 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCocaine‐experienced Wistar and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats received four daily repeated forced swim stress sessions (R‐FSS), each of which preceded 4‐hour cocaine self‐administration sessions. Twenty‐four hours after the last swim stress, cocaine valuation was assessed during a single‐session threshold procedure. Prior exposure to R‐FSS significantly altered cocaine responding in Wistar, but not WKY, rats. Behavioral economic analysis of responding revealed that the Wistar rats that had received R‐FSS exhibited an increase in the maximum price that they were willing to pay for cocaine (Pmax). Pre‐treatment with the long‐lasting kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist norbinaltorphimine prevented the stress‐induced increase in Pmax. Thus, R‐FSS exposure had strain‐dependent effects on cocaine responding during the threshold procedure, and the stress effects on cocaine valuation exhibited by Wistar, but not WKY, required intact KOR signaling.
Right anterior insula connectivity is important for cue‐induced craving in nicotine‐dependent smokers
Authors: Moran‐Santa Maria Megan M. , Hartwell Karen J. , Hanlon Colleen A. , Canterberry Melanie , Lematty Todd , Owens Max , Brady Kathleen T. , George Mark S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe insula has been implicated in cue‐induced craving and relapse in nicotine‐dependent tobacco cigarette smokers. The aims of the present study were to identify brain regions that exhibit greater functional connectivity with the right anterior insula in response to smoking cues than to neutral cues and the role of functional connectivity between these regions in mediating cue‐induced craving in healthy (free of axis I psychiatric disorders) nicotine‐dependent tobacco cigarette smokers. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 63 healthy nicotine‐dependent smokers viewing blocks of smoking and neutral cues. Craving ratings were obtained after each block. A psychophysiologic interaction approach was used to identify regions that exhibited significantly greater functional connectivity with the right anterior insula (seed) during the smoking cues than during the neutral (corrected cluster thresholding, Z > 2.3, P = 0.05). Parameter estimates of the interaction effects from each region were regressed against the mean cue‐induced craving scores. Significant task by seed interactions were observed in two clusters centered in the bilateral precuneus and left angular gyrus. The strength of connectivity between the right anterior insula and the precuneus, which is involved interoceptive processing and self‐awareness, was positively correlated with the magnitude of the craving response to the smoking cues (r2 = 0.15; P < 0.01). These data suggest that among smokers, cue‐induced craving may be a function of connectivity between two regions involved in interoception and self‐awareness. Moreover, treatment strategies that incorporate mindful attention may be effective in attenuating cue‐induced craving and relapse in nicotine‐dependent smokers.
Host plants, biology and distribution of Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a new butterfly for northern Australia with potential invasive status
Authors: Braby Michael F , Thistleton Brian M , Neal Michael J 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe nymphalid butterfly Acraea terpsicore has recently become established in northern Australia where it is spreading rapidly. The immature stages are briefly described, illustrated and compared with those of A. andromacha (Fabricius, 1775) from Australia, and information on its larval food plant specificity, biology and distribution is presented. The species occurs in highly modified open areas, including suburban roadsides, disturbed grassland (i.e. cleared woodland that is regularly slashed or graded) and degraded savannah woodland where it breeds primarily on Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. (Violaceae), a widespread native herb that is also used as a natural larval food plant in India, and to a lesser extent on Passiflora foetida L. (Passifloraceae), an introduced vine also used as a food plant in Indo‐China and Indonesia. Extensive laboratory larval feeding trials on Violaceae, Passifloraceae and Cucurbitaceae revealed limited ability of the Australian population to consume Passifloraceae and lack of ability to feed on Cucurbitaceae, indicating that A. terpsicore is unlikely to become a pest of vegetable and horticultural crops. It is hypothesised that the narrower host range in Australia is attributed to the founder effect of a limited gene pool. Within 14 months of colonisation, A. terpsicore has occupied much of the western half of the ‘Top End’ of the Northern Territory and spread to the eastern Kimberley of Western Australia, with an estimated extent of occurrence of 112 000 km2 and average dispersal rate of 315 ± 56 (SE) km/year. Because the butterfly has the ability to exploit (injure) Violaceae, and potentially outcompete A. andromacha, it may qualify as an invasive species.
Is lipoatrophia semicircularis a rare disease? Report of three cases
Authors: Arunachalam Meena , Betti Silvia , Galeone Massimiliano , Grandi Vieri , Difonzo Elisa 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLipoatrophia semicircularis is characterised by band‐like horizontal skin depressions involving the anterior and lateral sides of the lower limbs. Whether this occurrence is rare or is just not well known or simply underreported because it does not cause patient distress is still under discussion. In a 1‐year period we observed three cases due to local, mechanical pressure in an Italian dermatology outpatient clinic. However, other factors described in current literature may contribute to this phenomenon. More large‐scale studies are needed to clearly assess the origin of this condition.
Detecting research patterns and paratextual features in AE word clouds, keywords, and titles
Authors: AHEARN LAURA M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe keywords and titles from AE's 2013, 2003, 1993, and 1983 articles are a cryptic, condensed metanarrative that authors tell about their own scholarship. They thus offer an opportunity to reflect on directions in anthropological research over the past few decades. In addition, the tables and word clouds that can be generated from those keywords and titles demonstrate how the presentation of information can influence its perception and interpretation. In this commentary, I note some patterns in the AE data and present sets of word clouds that demonstrate how differently the same array of words can appear because of paratextual features such as font and the placement of the words. I also present the selection of keywords and titles as a set of literacy practices.
Commentary: Response to Karen Ho on cultures of capitalism, contexts of capitalism
Authors: ORTA ANDREW 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe anthropology of capitalism requires ethnographic attention to capitalism at key sites of its production, as well as analytic recognition of the compulsive force of capitalism as it is produced and reproduced through a multitude of connected practices. This reply to Karen Ho's commentary on my AE article “Managing the Margins” addresses the tensions between approaching capitalism as context and as an emergent cultural production, and the challenges of engaging with “native categories”—such as “risk”—that blur with terms of critical analysis.
Provisional agency in India: Jugaad and legitimation of corruption
Authors: JAUREGUI BEATRICE 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPeople in India deploy a variety of euphemisms for corruption, one of which is jugaad, which refers to goal‐oriented improvisation, especially the use of informal social networks to advance one's interests. But as often as it is conflated with corruption, jugaad is also conceived as necessary for “getting by” and even as virtuous practice. This ethnography of police practices in Uttar Pradesh shows how the contronymic character of jugaad emerges from widespread valuation of what I call “provisional agency,” which is both a capability to provide a social good and a temporary means of mobility geared toward a better future. Understanding practices that may be deemed “corrupt” as embodiments of provisional agency breaks down a clear distinction between virtue and vice and works to disaggregate a rigid inverse relationship between morality and power that assumes “elite” dominance can only be answered by resistance or acquiescence “from below.
Public things, excremental politics, and the infrastructure of bare life in Ghana's city of Tema
Authors: CHALFIN BRENDA 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn Ghana's planned city of Tema, public toilets and sewerage systems are a formative terrain of urban political praxis giving tangible form to what Henri Lefebvre calls “the right to the city.” Revealing the political potentials and determinations of both waste and municipal infrastructure, excreta and the systems devised to contain and channel them serve asres publicae, or “public things.” At the same time they embody the inequities of bare life and biopolitical proscription in Tema's urban margins, waste management arrangements underwrite collective outlooks and entitlements and wrest a space for urban existence outside the grasp of state bureaucracies and political elites.
Standardized forms of Vietnamese selfhood: An ethnographic genealogy of documentation
Authors: LESHKOWICH ANN MARIE 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThree standardized forms used to write the self in Vietnam structure ways of thinking about the relationship between the individual, family, and state; legitimize technical expertise and tools of self‐improvement; and promote specific configurations of political economy. Two of the forms (the lý lịch autobiographical statement and the “Cultured Family” self‐assessment checklist) are closely associated with socialist practices. The third (social work case file) is best classified as neoliberal. Tracing the genealogy of these forms and their ethnographic contexts reveals, however, underlying continuities in logics of individual assessment and faith in the application of technical expertise to achieve desired development outcomes. It also demonstrates that the ostensibly more coercive socialist technologies of documentation have provided narrative frameworks that enable individuals to represent themselves in other contexts, whereas the social work case file that aims to empower individuals may ultimately render them passive subjects of transnational expertise.
Adaptive ageing surgeons
Authors: Peisah Carmelle , Wijeratne Chanaka , Waxman Bruce , Vonau Marianne 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe surgical workforce is ageing. This will impact on future workforce supply and planning, as well as the professional performance and welfare of surgeons themselves. This paper is a ‘call to arms’ to surgeons to consider the complex problem of advancing years and surgical performance. We aim to promote discussion about the issue of ageing as it relates to surgeons, while exploring ways in which successful ageing in surgeons may be promoted. The task‐specific aspects of surgical practice suggest that it is a physically and cognitively demanding task, reliant on a range of fine motor, sensory, visuospatial, reasoning, memory and processing skills. Many of these skills potentially decline with age, although there is great inter‐individual variation, particularly in cognitive performance. Nevertheless, there is some consensus in the literature that age‐related cognitive changes exist in a proportion of surgeons, and there is an increase in operative mortality rates for certain surgical procedures performed by older and more experienced surgeons. In the absence of mandatory retirement, guidance is needed in regard to individualizing the timing of retirement and encouraging reflective and adaptive practice based on insight into how one's skills and performance may change with age. This may be best facilitated by some form of informed and guided self‐monitoring or ‘self‐screening’. It should be emphasized that self‐screening is not a form of self‐treatment but aims to enhance insight, using a tool kit of resources to promote adaptive ageing. Moreover, self‐screening should not be restricted to cognition, which is only part of the picture of ageing, but extended to emphasize the maintenance of mental and physical wellness, and the acceptance of independent professional treatment and support when required.
Using multimedia to enhance the consent process for bunion correction surgery
Authors: Batuyong Eldridge D. , Jowett Andrew J. L. , Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Beischer Andrew D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundObtaining informed consent from patients considering bunion surgery can be challenging. This study assessed the efficacy of a multimedia technology as an adjunct to the informed consent process.MethodsA prospective, cohort study was conducted involving 55 patients (7 males, 48 females) who underwent a standardized verbal discussion regarding bunion correction surgery followed by completion of a knowledge questionnaire. A multimedia educational program was then administered and the knowledge questionnaire repeated. Additional supplementary questions were then given regarding satisfaction with the multimedia program.ResultsPatients answered 74% questions correctly before the multimedia module compared with 94% after it (P < 0.0001). Patients rated the ease of understanding and the amount of information provided by the module highly. Eighty‐four percent of patients considered that the multimedia tool performed as well as the treating surgeon.ConclusionMultimedia technology is useful in enhancing patient knowledge regarding bunion surgery for the purposes of obtaining informed consent.