bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Anti‐inflammation Activities of Ocotea, Copaiba and Blue Cypress Essential Oils in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Amilia Destryana R. , Gary Young D. , Woolley Cole L. , Huang Tzou‐Chi , Wu Hung‐Yi , Shih Wen‐Ling 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEssential oils are formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites and are widely used in traditional medicine. In this research, the composition and biological activities of three commercial oils essential oils, Ocotea, Copaiba and Blue Cypress, were evaluated in cultured cells and in mice. GC/MS revealed different components within these oils. Ocotea and Copaiba did not have an antioxidant activity below 5 % (v/v), and Blue Cypress possessed a moderate anti‐oxidant activity. Ocotea was the most potent inhibitor against pro‐inflammatory mediators. In addition, Ocotea and a higher concentration of Blue Cypress suppressed LPS‐induced PGE2 production. Single high‐concentration administration of the oils showed acute toxicity in mice. Blood chemistry analysis showed the three essential oils to be quite safe under a lower sub‐lethal dosage. Our findings suggested that essential oils can be useful as active medicines to inhibit over‐activation of macrophages followed by stimulation by inflammatory mediators.
The effects of hypoxic preconditioning on white matter damage following hypoxic‐ischaemic injury in the neonatal rat brain
Authors: Suryana Eurwin , Jones Nicole M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMyelination is an essential process in human development that is carried out by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Hypoxic‐ischaemic (HI) brain injury can disrupt myelination by causing oxidative stress, inflammation and excitotoxicity, resulting in the loss of myelin as well as cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage. We have previously shown that hypoxic preconditioning (HP) can protect against HI injury, however, to date there have been no reports of its effects on white matter injury. Sprague‐Dawley rat pups (postnatal day (P) 6) were placed into control and HP groups. On P7, pups were further separated into HI and sham surgery groups. HI pups underwent a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion and then exposed to 8% oxygen for 3 h. Sham pups underwent the same procedure without occlusion and were maintained in room air. Brains were removed 5 days post‐surgery for analysis. In HI‐only pups there was a significant reduction in brain volume observed. Consequently, when HP was performed prior to HI, the loss of brain tissue was prevented. The number of early and late oligodendrocyte progenitors (preOLs) in the corpus callosum was unaffected by HI, however, HI reduced the amount of myelin basic protein, indicating that HI may inhibit the maturation of preOLs. Whilst HP did not affect preOL density, it was found to prevent the loss of myelin caused by HI. This indicates that HP may either protect myelin directly or possibly promote the maturation of preOLs to regenerate the lost or damaged myelin.
Measurement of the ventriculoatrial interval from the coronary sinus during para‐Hisian pacing may fail to distinguish ventriculoatrial nodal conduction from conduction over a septal accessory pathway
Authors: Iijima Takafumi , Kaneko Yoshiaki , Nakajima Tadashi , Irie Tadanobu , Ota Masaki , Saito Akihiro , Kurabayashi Masahiko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPara‐Hisian pacing (PHP) helps differentiate retrograde conduction over an accessory pathway (AP) from retrograde conduction over the atrioventricular (AV) node. This study examined a potential limitation of this technique, focusing on the measurement of the ventriculoatrial (V–A) interval from the coronary sinus (CS) during PHP.MethodsOur subjects were 9 patients undergoing electrophysiological studies before successful catheter ablation of a posteroseptal AP. During PHP, retrograde conduction occurred over an AP when the pacing stimulus to atrium (S–A) interval recorded near the AP remained unchanged whether the His bundle (HB) was captured or not (pattern 1), or when a loss of HB capture was associated with an increase in the S–A interval and no change in the V–A interval near the AP (pattern 2).ResultsPatterns 1 and 2 were observed in 5 (56%) and 2 (22%) patients, respectively. However, in the remaining 2 patients (22%), loss of HB capture during PHP was associated with an increase in the S–A interval (as in pattern 2), whereas the V–A interval near the AP could not be measured because no ventricular electrogram was visible on the CS recording (pattern 3); therefore, the presence of AP could not be confirmed by PHP. In patterns 2 and 3, the atrial activation sequence remained unchanged whether the HB was captured or not.ConclusionsPHP may not be able to discriminate between a retrograde septal AP and AV nodal conduction in patients whose proximal CS recording shows no visible ventricular electrogram.
Intrusion-generated waves in a linearly stratified fluid
Authors: Maurer Benjamin D. , Linden P. F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present an experimental and numerical study of the upstream internal wavefield in a channel generated by constant density intrusions propagating into a linearly stratified ambient fluid during the initial phase of translation. Using synthetic schlieren imaging and two-dimensional direct numerical simulations, we quantify this wave motion within the ambient stratified fluid ahead of the advancing front. We show that the height of the neutral buoyancy surface in the ambient fluid determines the vertical modal response with the predominant waves being mode 2 for intrusions near the mid-depth of the channel and mode 1 waves being produced by intrusions nearer the top or bottom of the domain. All higher vertical modes travel slower than the intrusion and so do not appear upstream ahead of the intrusion front. We find the energy flux into this upstream wavefield to be approximately constant, and to be between 10 and 30 % of the rate of available potential energy transfer into the flow.
Experimental control of natural perturbations in channel flow
Authors: Juillet Fabien , McKeon B. J. , Schmid Peter J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA combined approach using system identification and feed-forward control design has been applied to experimental laminar channel flow in an effort to reduce the naturally occurring disturbance level. A simple blowing/suction strategy was capable of reducing the standard deviation of the measured sensor signal by 45 %, which markedly exceeds previously obtained results under comparable conditions. A comparable reduction could be verified over a significant streamwise extent, implying an improvement over previous, more localized disturbance control. The technique is effective, flexible, and robust, and the obtained results encourage further explorations of experimental control of convection-dominated flows.
Sourcing the obsidian of prehistoric tools found in western Iran to southeastern Turkey: a case study for the sites of Eastern Chia Sabz and Chogha Ahovan
Authors: Khazaee M. , Glascock M.D. , Masjedi P. , Nadoshan F. Khademi , Farsani R. Soleimani , Delfan M. , Mansori A. , Sodaie B. , Dolatyari A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper the results of X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analyses for 18 obsidian tools from the archaeo¬logical sites of Eastern Chia Sabz and Chogha Ahovan in western Iran are presented. The archaeological sites have materials dating from the Pre-pottery Neolithic and Chalcolithic to Uruk periods. The evidence supports our conclusion that most of the obsidian found on western Iranian sites came from sources located near Lake Van in southeastern Turkey. These results suggest that the trade route for obsidian originated in southeastern Anatolia and moved southward along the western slopes of the Zagros Mountains into the central Zagros region.
Cylinder and stamp seals from Tatarlı Höyük
Authors: Girginer K. Serdar , Collon Dominique 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this article, 13 cylinder and stamp seals are examined. They were found at Tatarlı Höyük during the 2008–2012 excavations. The interesting and significant collection of cylinder and stamp seals of the second millennium BC reveals the importance of Tatarlı Höyük in the archaeology of Kizzuwatna. Stamp seals from earlier periods were found out of context and shed light on prehistoric Tatarlı Höyük. We believe that Tatarlı Höyük is ancient Lawazantiya – the famous ‘lost’ city of the Hittites and of Kizzuwatna.
Further work at Kilise Tepe, 2007-2011: refining the Bronze to Iron Age transition
Authors: Bouthillier Christina , Colantoni Carlo , Debruyne Sofie , Glatz Claudia , Hald Mette Marie , Heslop David , Kozal Ekin , Miller Bob , Popkin Peter , Postgate Nicholas , Steele Caroline S. , Stone Adam 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe excavations at Kilise Tepe in the 1990s inevitably left a range of research questions unanswered, and our second spell of work at the site from 2007 to 2011 sought to address some of these, relating to the later second and early first millennia. This article gathers the architectural and stratigraphie results of the renewed excavations, presenting the fresh information about the layout and character of the Late Bronze Age North-West Building and the initial phases of the Stele Building which succeeded it, including probable symbolic practices, and describing the complex stratigraphic sequence in the Central Strip sounding which covers the lapse of time from the 12th down to the seventh century. There follow short reports on the analyses of the botanical and faunal materials recovered, a summary of the results from the relevant radiocarbon dating samples and separate studies addressing issues resulting from the continuing study of the ceramics from the different contexts. Taken together, a complex picture emerges of changes in settlement layout, archi¬tectural traditions, use of external space, artefact production and subsistence strategies during the centuries which separate the Level III Late Bronze Age settlement from the latest Iron Age occupation around 700 BC.
From Central Asia to Anatolia: the transmission of the black-line technique and the development of pre-Ottoman tilework
Authors: Samkoff Aneta 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBlack line is a polychrome overglaze painting technique that was developed in Central Asia in the late 14th century. Black-line tilework is also found in 15th- and 16th-century Anatolia, yet it is unclear how the tradition emerged in this region. This paper investigates the appearance of the technique in Anatolia and situates it in the context of Timurid (1370–1501) tilework as well as the development of Anatolian traditions of the Rum Seljuk (1077–1307) and Beylik (1071–1453) periods. The analysis is conducted by tracing the history of two tiles from the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and by stylistic, technological and contextual comparisons with Seljuk, Timurid and Ottoman examples. I suggest that the introduction of the black-line technique to Anatolia was concurrent with the introduction of yellow pigment in the 15th century. I also propose that the Metropolitan Museum tiles should be redated to the second half of the 15th century on the basis that they were produced in Anatolia by craftsmen trained in Transoxiana who were also familiar with local Rum Seljuk and Karamanid traditions. These artists introduced new eastern styles which, together with local traditions, created an exciting experimental period in Anatolian tilework production and contributed to the emergence of Ottoman tile art.
Robust neural network control of MEMS gyroscope using adaptive sliding mode compensator
Authors: Fei Juntao , Yang Yuzheng 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYA new robust neural sliding mode (RNSM) tracking control scheme using radial basis function (RBF) neural network (NN) is presented for MEMS z-axis gyroscope to achieve robustness and asymptotic tracking error convergence. An adaptive RBF NN controller is developed to approximate and compensate the large uncertain system dynamics, and a robust compensator is designed to eliminate the impact of NN modeling error and external disturbances for guaranteeing the asymptotic stability property. Moreover, another RBF NN is employed to learn the upper bound of NN modeling error and external disturbances, so the prior knowledge of the upper bound of system uncertainties is not required. All the adaptive laws in the RNSM control system are derived in the same Lyapunov framework, which can guarantee the stability of the closed loop system. Comparative numerical simulations for an MEMS gyroscope are investigated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed RNSM tracking control scheme.
Inverse dynamics modeling of a (3-UPU)+(3-UPS+S) serial-parallel manipulator
Authors: Hu Bo , Yu Jingjing , Lu Yi 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe inverse dynamics model of a novel (3-UPU)+(3-UPS+S) serial–parallel manipulator (S-PM) formed by a 3-UPU PM and a 3-UPS+S PM connected in serial is studied in this paper. First, the inverse position, velocity, and acceleration of this S-PM are studied systematically. Second, the velocity mapping relations between each component and the terminal platform of (3-UPU)+(3-UPS+S) S-PM are derived. Third, the dynamics model of the whole (3-UPU)+(3-UPS+S) S-PM is established by means of the principle of virtual work. The process for establishing the dynamics model of this S-PM is fit for other S-PMs.
Early Neuropsychological Characteristics of Progranulin Mutation Carriers
Authors: Hallam Bradley J. , Jacova Claudia , Hsiung Ging-Yuek R. , Wittenberg Dana , Sengdy Pheth , Bouchard-Kerr Phoenix , Slack Penny , Rademakers Rosa , Baker Matthew , Chow Tiffany W. , Levine Brian , Feldman Howard H. , Mackenzie Ian R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) are a common cause of familial frontotemporal dementia. We used a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to investigate whether early cognitive changes could be detected in GRN mutation carriers before dementia onset. Twenty-four at-risk members from six families with known GRN mutations underwent detailed neuropsychological testing. Group differences were investigated by domains of attention, language, visuospatial function, verbal memory, non-verbal memory, working memory and executive function. There was a trend for mutation carriers (n=8) to perform more poorly than non-carriers (n=16) across neuropsychological domains, with significant between group differences for visuospatial function (p<.04; d=0.92) and working memory function (p<.02; d=1.10). Measurable cognitive differences exist before the development of frontotemporal dementia in subjects with GRN mutations. The neuropsychological profile of mutation carriers suggests early asymmetric, right hemisphere brain dysfunction that is consistent with recent functional imaging data from our research group and the broader literature. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)
Extracellular Matrix Reorganization during Cryo Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms
Authors: Wu Yong , Liang Jing , Rensing Kim , Chou Tseng-Ming , Libera Matthew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBiofilms are three-dimensional communities of bacteria distributed in a highly hydrated extracellular matrix (ECM). They can be visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), but the requisite SEM sample preparation can modify the biofilm morphology. Here, four different approaches to prepare biofilms of hydrated Staphylococcus aureus for SEM imaging are compared. In order of increasing cooling effectiveness these are: (1) drying in air; (2) plunging in liquid nitrogen; (3) plunging in liquid ethane; and (4) high pressure freezing with liquid nitrogen. These different methods give rise to markedly different biofilm morphologies, which are revealed by cryo-SEM imaging. Significantly, high-pressure frozen biofilms exhibit a rich network of nanoscale ECM fibers surrounding individual bacteria throughout the biofilm thickness. This structure is entirely lost when similar biofilms are dried in air, and it is substantially modified when these biofilms are plunged into liquid nitrogen or liquid ethane.
Genomic methylation patterns in archaeological barley show de-methylation as a time-dependent diagenetic process
Authors: Smith Oliver , Clapham Alan J. , Rose Pam , Liu Yuan , Wang Jun , Allaby Robin G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGenomic methylation is variable under biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In particular, viral infection is thought to significantly increase genomic methylation with particularly high activity around transposable elements. Here we present the genomic methylation profiles of grains of archaeological barley (Hordeum vulgare) from several strata from a site in southern Egypt, from the Napatan to the Islamic periods (800 BCE – 1812 CE). One sample tested positive for viral infection and exhibits an unusually high degree of genomic methylation compared to the rest. A decreasing trend in global methylation levels according to deposition date shows in-situ de-methylation of 5-methylcytosine, which can be described as a diagenetic process. This is most likely a deamination mediated de-methylation process and is expected to lead to 5 mC > T base modifications in addition to the C > U modifications due to cytosine deamination, so represents a time-dependent process of DNA diagenesis in ancient DNA.
All-optical differential equation solver with constant-coefficient tunable based on a single microring resonator
Authors: Yang Ting , Dong Jianji , Lu Liangjun , Zhou Linjie , Zheng Aoling , Zhang Xinliang , Chen Jianping 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits for photonic computing open up the possibility for the realization of ultrahigh-speed and ultra wide-band signal processing with compact size and low power consumption. Differential equations model and govern fundamental physical phenomena and engineering systems in virtually any field of science and engineering, such as temperature diffusion processes, physical problems of motion subject to acceleration inputs and frictional forces and the response of different resistor-capacitor circuits, etc. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate a feasible integrated scheme to solve first-order linear ordinary differential equation with constant-coefficient tunable based on a single silicon microring resonator. Besides, we analyze the impact of the chirp and pulse-width of input signals on the computing deviation. This device can be compatible with the electronic technology (typically complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology), which may motivate the development of integrated photonic circuits for optical computing.
High step‐up passive absorption circuit used in non‐isolated high step‐up converter
Authors: Hu Yihua , Deng Yan , Long Jiangtao , Lu Xiaoxun 
Published: July 2014

To obtain a high step‐up gain with high efficiency in distributed power sources application, such as photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cells, a passive absorption circuit with voltage step‐up character is inserted in the interleaved flyback‐forward converter for leakage energy recycle and voltage gain extension. By applying the high step‐up passive‐clamp circuit, the voltage spike on the metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor is clamped and the energy stored inside the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor can be recycled to get high‐output voltage. Moreover, it offers another design freedom to obtain higher voltage‐conversion ratio. The operational principle and characteristics of the improved flyback‐forward converter are presented, and verified experimentally with a 500 W prototype converter. The proposed high step‐up passive‐clamp can be widely used in high step‐up DC–DC converter applications, and a new high step‐up topology is deduced to illustrate the theoretical analysis.
DC converter with three circuit cells – analysis, design and experimental evaluation
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Liao Jian‐Ting , Chao Chia‐Hung 
Published: July 2014

A new DC/DC converter with three circuit cells has been presented. For high input voltage applications, two‐input split capacitors with four active switches are used in the proposed converter to limit the voltage stress of each power switch at one‐half of input voltage. Thus, power metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) with 500 V voltage rating can be adopted for 1000 V input voltage applications. Two balance capacitors are adopted in the proposed circuit to automatically balance two split input capacitor voltages in each switching cycle. Three resonant tanks are used at primary side of the proposed converter to share the load current and reduce the current stress of passive components. Thus, the sizes of the magnetic core and bobbin are reduced. If the operating switching frequency is less than the series resonant frequency, power MOSFETs are turned on at zero‐voltage switching and rectifier diodes can be turned off at zero current switching. Thus, the switching losses on power semiconductors are reduced. Finally, experiments with a 1.5 kW prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
DC–DC converter with high voltage gain and reduced switch stress
Authors: Chen Yie‐Tone , Tsai Ming‐Hsiu , Liang Ruey‐Hsun 
Published: July 2014

In this study, a novel high step‐up dc–dc converter with high voltage gain and reduced switch stress is proposed. Utilising the coupled inductor to replace the boost inductor for high step‐up converter is widely used in the application of high voltage gain converter. It can not only achieve a high voltage gain but also use the core effectively by using the coupled inductor. The techniques of voltage lift, voltage multiplier and clamp mode are also used in the proposed topology. Furthermore, the proposed converter can avoid the extreme duty cycle that will cause a lot of conduction losses. The leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor will cause a huge voltage on the components of circuit, so that it needs to choose the components with high voltage and current ratings; then the efficiency is reduced and the cost is increased. The converter proposed in this paper can not only recycle the leakage inductance energy to the output but also increase the efficiency. A 300 W prototype converter which is implemented with an input voltage of 26 V and an output voltage of 400 V will demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed converter.
Novel modular and retractable permanent magnet motor/generator for flywheel applications with reduced iron losses in stand‐by mode
Authors: García‐Gracia Miguel , Cova Miguel Angel , Villen Maria Teresa , Uson Antonio 
Published: July 2014

The no‐load losses represent one of the most important problems for flywheels energy storage systems (FESS) which produce electrical energy from the kinetic energy stored with long waiting times between charging and discharging. This study presents a novel modular stator for use in synchronous permanent magnet (PM) electrical machine coupled to a FESS. The modular stator includes several sections of retractable yoke stator, displaceable in the radial direction. Each stator segment is composed of several coils, teeth and its corresponding back iron section. A removable back iron yoke stator allows reducing the iron losses in the ferromagnetic core of the PM motor/generator during stand‐by operation mode in FESS. In stand‐by mode, with the stator in a retracted position, the iron losses are reduced up to 95% when the air gap length is increased 20 mm.