bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of oxidative stress in the anemia of dogs with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kogika Marcia M. , Lustoza Marcio D. , Hagiwara Mitika K. , Caragelasco Douglas S. , Martorelli Cinthia R. , Mori Clara S. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAnemia and systemic oxidative stress may occur in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Only scarce information regarding the intraerythrocytic redox status under these conditions is available at this time.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the indicators of oxidative stress and intraerythrocytic antioxidant defense in dogs with anemia of CKD.MethodsThirty dogs with CKD in stages 3 or 4 with nonregenerative anemia (HCT ≤ 37%) were compared to 20 healthy dogs. Complete blood count, reticulocyte %, blood smear evaluation, intraerythrocytic concentrations of total (GSHt), reduced (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSH), and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBAR) were determined.ResultsAnemia of CKD dogs was nonregenerative (reticulocytes ≤ 0.2% with scarce anisocytosis and poikilocytosis). Intraerythrocytic GSSH and SOD, and plasma TBAR were higher in dogs with CKD. There was a positive correlation between the creatinine concentration and TBAR, and negative correlations between creatinine concentration and HCT, as well as between HCT and TBAR. In CKD dogs with a higher degree of anemia, SOD levels were higher and GSSH concentrations were lower. Despite the evidence of increased systemic oxidative stress, the compensatory response of SOD and the sustained intraerythrocytic concentrations of GSSH in CKD dogs with anemia indicated that the erythrocytes maintained the antioxidant defense.ConclusionsThere was no strong evidence that oxidative stress was associated with higher degrees of anemia in dogs with CKD.
Pregnancy desire and dual method contraceptive use among people living with HIV attending clinical care in Kenya, Namibia and Tanzania
Authors: Antelman Gretchen , Medley Amy , Mbatia Redempta , Pals Sherri , Arthur Gilly , Haberlen Sabina , Ackers Marta , Elul Batya , Parent Julie , Rwebembera Anath , Wanjiku Lucy , Muraguri Nicholas , Gweshe Justice , Mudhune Sandra , Bachanas Pamela 
Published: December 2014

AimTo describe factors associated with pregnancy desire and dual method use among people living with HIV in clinical care in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignSexually active HIV-positive adults were enrolled in 18 HIV clinics in Kenya, Namibia and Tanzania. Demographic, clinical and reproductive health data were captured by interview and medical record abstraction. Correlates of desiring a pregnancy within the next 6 months, and dual method use [defined as consistent condom use together with a highly effective method of contraception (hormonal, intrauterine device (IUD), permanent)], among those not desiring pregnancy, were identified using logistic regression.ResultsAmong 3375 participants (median age 37 years, 42% male, 64% on antiretroviral treatment), 565 (17%) desired a pregnancy within the next 6 months. Of those with no short-term fertility desire (n=2542), 686 (27%) reported dual method use, 250 (10%) highly effective contraceptive use only, 1332 (52%) condom use only, and 274 (11%) no protection. Respondents were more likely to desire a pregnancy if they were from Namibia and Tanzania, male, had a primary education, were married/cohabitating, and had fewer children. Factors associated with increased likelihood of dual method use included being female, being comfortable asking a partner to use a condom, and communication with a health care provider about family planning. Participants who perceived that their partner wanted a pregnancy were less likely to report dual method use.ConclusionsThere was low dual method use and low use of highly effective contraception. Contraceptive protection was predominantly through condom-only use. These findings demonstrate the importance of integrating reproductive health services into routine HIV care.
Molecular Pathways: microRNAs, Cancer Cells, and Microenvironment
Authors: Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Calin George A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
One of the most unexpected discoveries in molecular oncology over the last decade is the interplay between abnormalities in protein-coding genes and short noncoding microRNAs (miRNA) that are causally involved in cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination. This phenomenon was initially defined in malignant cells; however, in recent years, more data have accumulated describing the active participation of miRNAs produced by microenvironment cells. As hormones, miRNAs can be released by a donor cell in various forms of vesicles or as “free” molecules secreted by active mechanisms. These miRNAs spread as signaling molecules that are uptaken either as exosomes or as “free” RNAs, by cells located in other parts of the organism. Here, we discuss the communication between cancer cells and the microenvironment through miRNAs. We further expand this in a more translational context and present miRNAs as predictors of treatment response, as crucial agents in targeted therapeutics, and as significant molecules to target. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6247–53. ©2014 AACR.
Japanese Commitment in the Mongolian Economy, Resources and Infrastructure Development
Authors: Homma Kunioki 
Published: December 2014

Since liberalisation of the Mongolian economy, Japan has contributed substantially to Mongolia’s economic development and is proud of being the largest donor country to Mongolia. However, due to the recent rapid growth of the Mongolian economy the country will be soon be beyond the scope of oda donations from oecd countries. The Mongolian government oda budget will be reduced and private investment from overseas will have to be enlarged and enhanced. Most of the infrastructures have been supported by foreign government aid in Mongolia, but from now on Mongolia must rely on its own money or foreign private financial sources to develop such infrastructures. However, in the short term the Mongolian government budget is not going to be large enough to support the current increasing demands for infrastructure development.
In this transitional period for Mongolia, changing the money source from foreign government aid to private investment, private companies and investors from Japan are also facing this new agenda in Mongolia. There are many issues to consider. Both Japan and Mongolia should mutually solve these issues.
Resource Depletion in China and its Implications for Mongolia
Authors: Borjigin Burensain 
Published: December 2014

China’s natural resources are concentrated in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities which constitute over 60 per cent of China’s territory. When world attention is drawn to China’s rapid economic development and its global energy strategy, people tend to forget how natural resources in the minority regions were extracted to fuel China’s development prior to its high growth era. In other words, who or what regions sustained China’s economy by providing energy and resources after the 1950s? We may also ask what has happened to these minority regions in China’s new energy strategy. Since these regions are frontier regions, what does China’s energy globalisation look like there?
This paper studies the historical process of resource extraction in areas inhabited by the Mongols, focusing on the Daqing Oil Field and North China Oil Field. Through discussing how the depletion of oil in these traditional energy bases has led to China’s energy expansion into its northern neighbour of Mongolia, it aims to define the place and significance of Mongolia in China’s global energy strategy.
A prospective evaluation of the contribution of ambient temperatures and transport times on infrared thermometry readings of intravenous fluids utilized in EMS patients
Authors: Joslin Jeremy , Fisher Andrew , Wojcik Susan , Cooney Derek R 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
During cold weather months in much of the country, the temperatures in which prehospital care is delivered creates the potential for inadvertently cool intravenous fluids to be administered to patients during their transport and care by emergency medical services (EMS). There is some potential for patient harm from unintentional infusion of cool intravenous fluids. Prehospital providers in these cold weather environments are likely using fluids that are well below room temperature when prehospital intravenous fluid (IVF) warming techniques are not being employed. It was hypothesized that cold ambient temperatures during winter months in the study location would lead to the inadvertent infusion of cold intravenous fluids during prehospital patient care.

Methods
Trained student research assistants obtained three sequential temperature measurements using an infrared thermometer in a convenience sample of intravenous fluid bags connected to patients arriving via EMS during two consecutive winter seasons (2011 to 2013) at our receiving hospital in Syracuse, New York. Intravenous fluids contained in anything other than a standard polyvinyl chloride bag were not measured and were not included in the study. Outdoor temperature was collected by referencing National Weather Service online data at the time of arrival. Official transport times from the scene to the emergency department (ED) and other demographic data was collected from the EMS provider or their patient care record at the time of EMS interaction.

Results
Twenty-three intravenous fluid bag temperatures were collected and analyzed. Outdoor temperature was significantly related to the temperature of the intravenous fluid being administered, b = 0.69, t(21) = 4.3, p < 0.001. Transport time did not predict the measured intravenous fluid temperatures, b = 0.12, t(20) = 0.55, p < 0.6.

Conclusions
Use of unwarmed intravenous fluid in the prehospital environment during times of cold ambient temperatures can lead to the infusion of cool intravenous fluid and may result in harm to patients. Short transport times do not limit this risk. Emergency departments should not rely on EMS agencies’ use of intravenous fluid warming techniques and should consider replacing EMS intravenous fluids upon ED arrival to ensure patient safety.
β2-adrenergic stress evaluation of coronary endothelial-dependent vasodilator function in mice using 11C-acetate micro-PET imaging of myocardial blood flow and oxidative metabolism
Authors: Croteau Etienne , Renaud Jennifer M , Archer Christine , Klein Ran , DaSilva Jean N , Ruddy Terrence D , Beanlands Rob SB , deKemp Robert A 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial dysfunction is associated with vascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, leading to coronary atherosclerosis. Sympathetic stress using cold-pressor testing (CPT) has been used to measure coronary endothelial function in humans with positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial blood flow (MBF) imaging, but is not practical in small animal models. This study characterized coronary vasomotor function in mice with [11C]acetate micro-PET measurements of nitric-oxide-mediated endothelial flow reserve (EFRNOM) (adrenergic-stress/rest MBF) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) using salbutamol β2-adrenergic-activation.Methods[11C]acetate PET MBF was performed at rest + salbutamol (SB 0.2, 1.0 μg/kg/min) and norepinephrine (NE 3.2 μg/kg/min) stress to measure an index of MBF response. β-adrenergic specificity of NE was evaluated by pretreatment with α-adrenergic-antagonist phentolamine (PHE), and β2-selectivity was assessed using SB.ResultsAdjusting for changes in heart rate × systolic blood pressure product (RPP), the same stress/rest MBF ratio of 1.4 was measured using low-dose SB and NE in normal mice (equivalent to human CPT response). The MBF response was correlated with changes in MVO2(p = 0.02). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-inhibited mice (Ng-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) pretreatment and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout) were used to assess the EFRNOM, in which the low-dose SB- and NE-stress MBF responses were completely blocked (p = 0.02). With high-dose SB-stress, the MBF ratio was reduced by 0.4 following NOS inhibition (p = 0.03).ConclusionsLow-dose salbutamol β2-adrenergic-stress [11C]acetate micro-PET imaging can be used to measure coronary-specific EFRNOMin mice and may be suitable for assessment of endothelial dysfunction in small animal models of disease and evaluation of new therapies.
Initial pore pressures under the Lusi mud volcano, Indonesia
Authors: Tingay Mark 
Published: December 2014

The Lusi mud volcano of East Java, Indonesia, remains one of the most unusual geologic disasters of modern times. Since its sudden birth in 2006, Lusi has erupted continuously, expelling more than 90 million cubic meters of mud that has displaced approximately 40,000 people. This study undertakes the first detailed analysis of the pore pressures immediately prior to the Lusi mud volcano eruption by compiling data from the adjacent (150 m away) Banjar Panji-1 wellbore and undertaking pore pressure prediction from carefully compiled petrophysical data. Wellbore fluid influxes indicate that sequences under Lusi are overpressured from only 350 m depth and follow an approximately lithostat-parallel pore pressure increase through Pleistocene clastic sequences (to 1870 m depth) with pore pressure gradients up to [Formula: see text]. Most unusually, fluid influxes, a major kick, connection gases, elevated background gases, and offset well data confirm that high-magnitude overpressures also exist in the Plio-Pleistocene volcanic sequences (1870 to approximately 2833 m depth) and Miocene (Tuban Formation) carbonates, with pore pressure gradients of [Formula: see text]. The varying geology under the Lusi mud volcano poses a number of challenges for determining overpressure origin and undertaking pore pressure prediction. Overpressures in the fine-grained and rapidly deposited Pleistocene clastics have a petrophysical signature typical of disequilibrium compaction and can be reliably predicted from sonic, resistivity, and drilling exponent data. However, it is difficult to establish the overpressure origin in the low-porosity volcanic sequences and Miocene carbonates. Similarly, the volcanics do not have any clear porosity anomaly, and thus pore pressures in these sequences are greatly underestimated by standard prediction methods. The analysis of preeruption pore pressures underneath the Lusi mud volcano is important for understanding the mechanics, triggering, and longevity of the eruption, as well as providing a valuable example of the unknowns and challenges associated with overpressures in nonclastic rocks.
Delivering the childhood influenza immunisation programme
Authors: Cotton Richard 
Published: December 2014

In 2012, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) recommended extending the annual influenza programme to include all children aged between 2 and 16 years. This article provides a review of how the influenza vaccination pilot in secondary schools has been carried out in the author's area of practice, exploring the work required to roll out the programme within a short time frame, looking at the challenges faced, and the opinions of the schools, parents and pupils involved in the pilot.
Produção sucroalcooleira: estratégias financeiras e operacionais
Authors: Ribeiro Celma de Oliveira , Oliveira Sydnei Marssal de , Mendes Thiago de Oliveira 
Published: December 2014

Este artigo propõe a construção de um modelo de otimização para a definição do portfólio de produtos de uma usina sucroalcooleira, levando em conta aspectos operacionais e financeiros. Considera-se que a receita obtida por um produtor provém da venda de açúcar e álcool no mercado físico e de resultados obtidos através de operações de hedge no mercado de derivativos de açúcar. Empregando como medida de risco o CVaR (Conditional Value-at-Risk), o modelo possibilita a construção de uma fronteira eficiente e, de acordo com a tolerância ao risco do produtor, define a estratégia ideal de produção (mix de produção) e de atuação no mercado de derivativos (razão de hedging). Através do modelo o artigo busca também analisar a vantagem do uso do mercado de opções na construção de estratégias financeiras de hedging em mercados de commodities agrícolas.
Utilização do método monte carlo para avaliação econômica de policultivos de jundiás, carpas e tilápias-do-nilo como uma alternativa de modelo de cultivo de peixes para pequenas propriedades
Authors: Ritter Filipe , Pandolfo Adalberto , Barcellos Leonardo José Gil , Ritter Vanessa Rita dos Santos , Pandolfo Luciana Marcondes , Tagliari Leandro Dóro , Barbacovi Naira Elizabete 
Published: December 2014

Com o crescimento da população mundial e o aumento da demanda por alimentos de qualidade e em quantidades suficientes, a aquicultura se encaixa neste contexto como atividade produtora de proteína animal de alta qualidade e em grande quantidade por área utilizada. A produção de peixes em tanques de cultivo já é praticada a mais de cinco décadas no Rio Grande do Sul, e o sistema comumente utilizado é o policultivo de carpas, que consiste na consorciação de diferentes espécies de carpas visando melhorar o rendimento de cada uma e consequentemente obter uma produtividade maior. Porém o policultivo de carpas atualmente utilizado possui baixo nível tecnológico, a produção obtida é considerada pequena e, além disso, ocorre a liberação de água eutrofizada nos corpos naturais d’água ocasionando um desequilíbrio no ambiente aquático natural. Estudos já foram realizados acrescentando o jundiá, ao policultivo tradicional, obtendo com isso bons resultados. Alguns estudos sobre viabilidade econômica foram efetuados, porém com espécies isoladas, ou consorciadas, como é o caso do policultivo de camarões e tilápias-do-nilo. Realizou-se a avaliação do projeto e o método de avaliação na condição de risco para o Método Monte Carlo. Concluiu-se que a substituição de 25% das carpas por jundiás e tilápias-do-nilo apresenta maior produção de biomassa, parâmetros de efluente com melhor qualidade, e que um investimento em policultivo com vida útil de 25 anos é viável economicamente para uma Taxa Mínima de Atratividade (TMA) de 6,17%.
An emphasis on molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects and glucocorticoid resistance
Authors: Ingawale Deepa K. , Mandlik Satish K. , Patel Snehal S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are universally accepted agents for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and various inflammatory diseases such as allergy, asthma and sepsis. They bind with GC receptor (GR) and form GC–GR complex with the receptor and exert their actions. On activation the GC–GR complex up-regulates the expression of nucleus anti-inflammatory proteins called as transactivation and down-regulates the expression of cytoplasmic pro-inflammatory proteins called as transrepression. It has been observed that transactivation mechanisms are notorious for side effects and transrepressive mechanisms are identified for beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of GC therapy. GC hampers the function of numerous inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, arachidonic acid metabolites, release of platelet-activating factor (PAF), inflammatory peptides and enzyme modulation involved in the process of inflammation. The GC resistance is a serious therapeutic problem and limits the therapeutic response of GC in chronic inflammatory patients. It has been observed that the GC resistance can be attributed to cellular microenvironment changes, as a consequence of chronic inflammation. Various other factors responsible for resistance have been identified, including alterations in both GR-dependent and GR-independent signaling pathways of cytokine action, hypoxia, oxidative stress, allergen exposure and serum-derived factors. The present review enumerates various aspects of inflammation such as use of GC for treatment of inflammation and its mechanism of action. Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of GC and GC resistance, alternative anti-inflammatory treatments and new strategy for reversing the GC resistance have also been discussed.
First case report of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency in China
Authors: Liang CuiLi , Jiang MinYan , Sheng HuiYing , Cai YanNa , Wu DongYan , Yin Xi , Peng MinZhi , Liu Li 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMedium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, caused by mutations in the
Usefulness of maternal serum C-reactive protein with vaginal Ureaplasma urealyticum as a marker for prediction of imminent preterm delivery and chorioamnionitis in patients with preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Kwak Dong-Wook , Cho Hee-Young , Kwon Ja-Young , Park Yong-Won , Kim Young-Han 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Aim: To assess whether maternal serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and genital mycoplasmas measured can help predict imminent preterm delivery or chorioamnionitis in patients with preterm labor (PL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Methods: The study group consisted of 165 women with PL or PPROM. Vaginal cultures for genital mycoplasmas and maternal blood for CRP were obtained when they were admitted for the management of PL or PPROM. An elevated level of serum CRP was defined as ≥0.8 mg/dL. Histologic evaluation of the placenta was performed after delivery.

Results: The prevalence of positive vaginal fluid cultures for Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) was 63.0%, and elevated maternal serum CRP was 32.7%. No outcome variables were associated with vaginal UU infection in patients with lower CRP levels. However, among women with elevated CRP, the mean gestational age at birth was significantly reduced, and low Apgar score, neonatal intensive care unit admission, histologic chorioamnionitis, and delivery within 7 days of admission were significantly more common in patients with vaginal UU.

Conclusions: Although vaginal UU in PL or PPROM cannot act as the sole predictor of imminent preterm delivery or chorioamnionitis, it can provide predictive information in patients with elevated maternal serum CRP levels.
Modest Sociality: Continuities and Discontinuities
Authors: Pacherie Elisabeth 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA central claim in Michael Bratman’s account of shared agency is that there need be no radical conceptual, metaphysical or normative discontinuity between robust forms of small-scale shared intentional agency, i.e., modest sociality, and individual planning agency. What I propose to do is consider another potential discontinuity, whose existence would throw doubt on his contention that the structure of a robust form of modest sociality is entirely continuous with structures at work in individual planning agency. My main point will be that he may be wrong in assuming that the basic cognitive infrastructure sufficient to support individual agency doesn’t have to be supplemented in significant ways to support shared agency.