bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of Electrical and Optical Energy Gaps: Selectively Adjusting the Electrical and Optical Properties for a Highly Efficient Blue Emitter
Authors: Liu He , Chen Ping , Hu Dehua , Tang Xiangyang , Pan Yuyu , Zhang Huanhuan , Zhang Wenqiang , Han Xiao , Bai Qing , Lu Ping , Ma Yuguang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe design concept of separation of optical and electrical bandgap for wide bandgap materials is further developed in DCzSiPI. The HOMO/LUMO levels can be tuned by incorporation of PI and DCz substituents. The tetraphenylsilane core avoids the intramolecular charge transfer from DCz to PI (DCz=dimer carbazole, PI=phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole). The allowed transitions are found to be from HOMO−1 to LUMO providing DCzSiPI with sufficient bandgap.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Diynes with Carbodiimides and Carbon Dioxide under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Ishii Masahiro , Mori Fumiya , Tanaka Ken 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt has been established that a cationic rhodium(I)/H8‐binap complex is able to catalyze the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of diynes with carbodiimides and carbon dioxide under ambient conditions. Enantio‐ and/or regioselective variants of these reactions are also disclosed.
Design and Rationale of the GAUSS‐2 Study Trial: A Double‐Blind, Ezetimibe‐Controlled Phase 3 Study of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Evolocumab (AMG 145) in Subjects With Hypercholesterolemia Who Are Intolerant of Statin Therapy
Authors: Cho Leslie , Rocco Michael , Colquhoun David , Sullivan David , Rosenson Robert S. , Dent Ricardo , Xue Allen , Scott Rob , Wasserman Scott M , Stroes Erik 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStatins effectively lower low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Most patients tolerate statins well, but approximately 10% to 20% experience side effects (primarily muscle‐related) contributing to diminished compliance or discontinuation of statin therapy and subsequent increase in cardiovascular risk. Statin‐intolerant patients require more effective therapies for lowering LDL‐C. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a compelling target for LDL‐C–lowering therapy. Evolocumab (AMG 145) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds PCSK9, inhibiting its interaction with the LDL receptor to preserve LDL‐receptor recycling and reduce LDL‐C. Phase 2 studies have demonstrated the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of subcutaneous evolocumab in diverse populations, including statin‐intolerant patients. This article describes the rationale and design of the Goal Achievement After Utilizing an anti‐PCSK9 Antibody in Statin‐Intolerant Subjects 2 (GAUSS‐2) trial, a randomized, double‐blind, ezetimibe‐controlled, multicenter phase 3 study to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of evolocumab 140 mg every 2 weeks or 420 mg every month in statin‐intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia. Eligible subjects were unable to tolerate effective doses of ≥2 statins because of myalgia, myopathy, myositis, or rhabdomyolysis that resolved with statin discontinuation. The primary objective of the study is to assess the effects of evolocumab on percentage change from baseline in LDL‐C. Secondary objectives include evaluation of safety and tolerability, comparison of the effects of evolocumab vs ezetimibe on absolute change from baseline in LDL‐C, and percentage changes from baseline in other lipids. Recruitment of approximately 300 subjects was completed in August 2013.
GATA3 mutations define a unique subtype of luminal‐like breast cancer with improved survival
Authors: Jiang Yi‐Zhou , Yu Ke‐Da , Zuo Wen‐Jia , Peng Wen‐Ting , Shao Zhi‐Ming 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDThe GATA3 gene (GATA‐binding protein 3) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in breast cancer. The objective of the current study was to determine the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with breast cancer harboring GATA3 mutations.METHODSThe authors examined the somatic mutation status of GATA3 and performed survival analysis in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 934) and the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) cohort (n = 308). Patient characteristics, including age; menopausal status; tumor laterality; tumor size; lymph node status; tumor grade; molecular subtypes; adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy; and prognosis, together with PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase, catalytic subunit alpha) and TP53 (tumor protein p53) mutation status, were collected.RESULTSGATA3 mutations were detected in 8.8% of patients (82 of 934 patients) in the TCGA cohort and 14.9% of patients (46 of 308 patients) in the FUSCC cohort. GATA3 mutations were found to be significantly associated with luminal‐like breast cancer (P = .002 in the TCGA cohort and P < .001 in the FUSCC cohort), and were highly mutually exclusive to PIK3CA mutations (P = .001 in the TCGA cohort and P = .003 in the FUSCC cohort) and TP53 mutations (P < .001 in both cohorts). Furthermore, GATA3 mutations were correlated with improved overall survival in the entire population (P = .025 in the TCGA cohort and P = .043 in the FUSCC cohort) as well as in patients with luminal‐like disease who received adjuvant endocrine therapy.CONCLUSIONSGATA3 mutations mainly occur in patients with luminal‐like breast cancer and have identifiable clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics, highlighting a subgroup of patients with breast cancer in whom limited therapy may be appropriate. Cancer 2014;120:1329–1337. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Systematic analysis of neuronal wiring of the rodent deep cerebellar nuclei reveals differences reflecting adaptations at the neuronal circuit and internuclear levels
Authors: Hamodeh Salah , Baizer Joan , Sugihara Izumi , Sultan Fahad 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA common view of the architecture of different brain regions is that, despite their heterogeneity, they have optimized their wiring schemes to make maximal use of space. Based on experimental findings, computational models have delineated how about two‐thirds of the neuropil is filled out with dendrites and axons optimizing cable costs and conduction time while keeping the connectivity at the highest level. However, whether this assumption can be generalized to all brain regions has not yet been tested. Here we quantified and charted the components of the neuropil in the four deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of the rat's brain. We segmented and traced the neuropil stained with one of two antibodies, one antibody against dendritic microtubule‐associated proteins (MAP2a,b) and the second against the Purkinje cell axons (PCP2). We compared fiber length density, average fiber diameter, and volume fraction within different components of the DCN in a random, systematic fashion. We observed differences in dendritic and axonal fiber length density, average fiber diameters, and volume fraction within the four different nuclei that make up the DCN. We observe a relative increase in the length density of dendrites and Purkinje cell axons in two of the DCN, namely, the posterior interposed nucleus and the lateral nucleus. Furthermore, the DCN have a surprisingly low volume fraction of their dendritic length density, which we propose is related to their special circuitry. In summary, our results show previously unappreciated functional adaptations among these nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2481–2497, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topography and architecture of visual and somatosensory areas of the agouti
Authors: Dias I.A. , Bahia C.P. , Franca J.G. , Houzel J.C. , Lent R. , Mayer A.O. , Santiago L.F. , Silveira L.C.L. , Picanço‐Diniz C.W. , Pereira Antonio 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe analyzed the organization of the somatosensory and visual cortices of the agouti, a diurnal rodent with a relatively big brain, using a combination of multiunit microelectrode recordings and histological techniques including myelin and cytochrome oxidase staining. We found multiple representations of the sensory periphery in the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. While the agouti's primary (V1) and secondary visual areas seemed to lack any obvious modular arrangement, such as blobs or stripes, which are found in some primates and carnivores, the primary somatosensory area (S1) was internally subdivided in discrete regions, isomorphically associated with peripheral structures. Our results confirm and extend previous reports on this species, and provide additional data to understand how variations in lifestyle can influence brain organization in rodents. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2576–2593, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concordant localization of functional urotensin II and urotensin II‐related peptide binding sites in the rat brain: Atypical occurrence close to the fourth ventricle
Authors: Bucharles Christine , Bizet Patrice , Arthaud Sébastien , Arabo Arnaud , Leprince Jérôme , Lefranc Benjamin , Cartier Dorthe , Anouar Youssef , Lihrmann Isabelle 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTUrotensin II (UII) and Urotensin II‐related peptide (URP) are structurally related paralog peptides that exert peripheral and central effects. UII binding sites have been partly described in brain, and those of URP have never been reported. We exhaustively compared [125I]‐UII and ‐URP binding site distributions in the adult rat brain, and found that they fully overlapped at the regional level. We observed UII/URP binding sites in structures lining ventricles, comprising the sphenoid nucleus and cell rafts scattered on a line joining the fourth ventricle and its lateral recess. After injection of UII and URP in the lateral ventricle, we observed c‐Fos‐positive cell nuclei in areas close to the fourth ventricle, indicating that these receptors are functional. Different c‐Fos‐containing cell populations were activated. They were all positive for vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), excluding the possibility of an ependymal nature. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that UII and URP binding sites are totally overlapping and that these sites were functional in regions bordering the fourth ventricle. These data support a role for UII/URP at the interface between brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2634–2649, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlating habenular subnuclei in rat and mouse by using topographic, morphological, and cytochemical criteria
Authors: Wagner Franziska , Stroh Thomas , Veh Rüdiger W. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe mammalian habenulae consist of medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) nuclear complexes. Especially the LHb has received much interest because it has been recognized as the potential center of an “anti‐reward system.” Subnuclear organization and connectivity of the LHb are well known. In contrast, criteria to classify habenular neurons into distinct groups with potentially different biological functions are missing, most likely as a result of the lack of appropriate marker proteins. Actually, a huge amount of data concerning the localization of more than 20,000 mouse protein genes is provided in the Allen Brain Atlas. Unfortunately, the immediate use of this information is prohibited by the fact that the subnuclear organization of the habenular complexes in mouse is not known so far. The present report, therefore, uses topographic, structural, and cytochemical information from the rat to recognize corresponding areas within the mouse habenulae. Taking advantage of the fact that the Klüver‐Barrera technique allows simultaneous observation of neuronal cell bodies and myelinated fibers, we were able to correlate subnuclear areas in the mouse habenula to subnuclei, which had been rigorously identified by several criteria in the rat. Our data suggest that the topographic localization of habenular subnuclei is rather similar between mouse and rat and that they may be homologous in these two species. Consequently, our data may allow using the Allen Brain Atlas as a source of basal information, which should be helpful to select candidate molecular markers for functionally different neurons in the mouse and potentially in higher mammalian species. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2650–2662, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synergic Exfoliation of Graphene with Organic Molecules and Inorganic Ions for the Electrochemical Production of Flexible Electrodes
Authors: Xia Zhen Yuan , Giambastiani Giuliano , Christodoulou Christos , Nardi Marco V. , Koch Norbert , Treossi Emanuele , Bellani Vittorio , Pezzini Sergio , Corticelli Franco , Morandi Vittorio , Zanelli Alberto , Palermo Vincenzo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA facile and efficient method based on electrochemistry for the production of graphene‐based materials for electronics is demonstrated. Uncharged acetonitrile molecules are intercalated in graphite by electrochemical treatment, owing to the synergic action of perchlorate ions dissolved in acetonitrile. Then, acetonitrile molecules are decomposed with microwave irradiation, which causes gas production and rapid graphite exfoliation, with an increase in the graphite volume of up to 600 %. Upon further processing and purification, highly dispersible nanosheets are obtained that can be processed into thin layers by roll‐to‐roll transfer or into thicker electrodes with excellent capacitance stability upon extensive charging/discharging cycles. The good exfoliation yield (>50 % of monolayers), minimal oxidation damage and good electrochemical stability of the nanosheets obtained were confirmed by scanning force and electron microscopy, as well as Raman spectroscopy and galvanostatic analyses.
Intercalation‐Controlled Cyclodehydration of Sorbitol in Water over Layered‐Niobium‐Molybdate Solid Acid
Authors: Morita Yuya , Furusato Shogo , Takagaki Atsushi , Hayashi Shigenobu , Kikuchi Ryuji , Oyama S. Ted 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLayered niobium molybdate (HNbMoO6) was used in the aqueous‐phase dehydration of sorbitol and was found to exhibit remarkable selectivity toward its monomolecular‐dehydrated intermediate 1,4‐sorbitan. This was attributed to the selective intercalation of sorbitol within the interlayers with strong Brønsted acid sites.
Fasting during ramadan: A religious factor as a possible trigger or exacerbator for eating disorders in adolescents
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Derman Orhan , Kanbur Nuray Ö. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTCulture‐based contributors play a role in eating disorders (EDs). Here, we present one such factor that may play a role in triggering ED's in adolescents: Fasting during the holy period of Ramadan. Ramadan is the Islamic month of fasting, in which participating Muslims refrain from eating, drinking, and smoking, which starts from dawn lasting until sunset.For the past 2 years, we have noticed an increase in patients with disordered eating patterns that have applied to Hacettepe University, Division of Adolescent Medicine during or shortly after Ramadan. We document six of these patients, three of which were diagnosed with an ED and three that did not meet full criteria.We argue that the possible effects of a drastic change in ones diet such as that which occurs during Ramadan, play an important role in triggering ED's in adolescents with a predisposition or may exacerbate an eating pathology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:905–910)
Synthesis and Characterization of a Cationic Phthalimido‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex of Palladium(II) and Its Catalytic Activity
Authors: Goh Serena L. M. , Högerl Manuel P. , Jokić Nadežda B. , Tanase Alexandrina D. , Bechlars Bettina , Baratta Walter , Mink János , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA cationic phthalimido‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) palladium(II) complex has been synthesized from [3‐methyl‐1‐(2′‐phthalimidoethyl)imidazolium] hexafluorophosphate ([NHCMe,PhtH]PF6) by transmetalation and isolated in 67 % yield. The title complex has been applied as catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction under benign aqueous conditions. The catalyst is active without any observable initiation period. High average turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 55000 h–1 have been reached with catalyst concentrations as low as 0.01 mol‐%.
Voltammetric Monitoring of Protein Aggregation from Solution Using Tris‐(2,2′‐Bipyridine) Osmium(II) Chloride Complex as an Electrocatalytic Mediator
Authors: Tercero Napoleon , Kotarek Joseph 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe present work evaluates the feasibility of tracking protein aggregation voltammetrically by taking advantage of the intrinsic electroactivity of tyrosine residues. The electrocatalytic current due to the oxidation of tyrosine, mediated by tris‐(2,2′‐bipyridine)osmium(II) chloride, is used to report changes in protein aggregation state. We demonstrate, by the use of square wave voltammetry, that this system is able to differentiate between peptides containing equimolar tyrosine concentrations, and even detect tyrosine within large entities such as antibodies and insoluble amyloid fibrils. We also determine the aggregation time course of a model peptide, amyloid beta, detecting species with sizes from monomeric to insoluble aggregate. The method offers the prospect of monitoring biopharmaceutical aggregation and has potential to establish itself as a technique that is orthogonal to existing methods of aggregation detection.
Electropolymerized Diphenylamine on Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite Film and Its Application to Develop a Multifunctional Biosensor
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Hsuan , Ku Shu‐Hao , Chen Shen‐Ming , Lou Bih‐Show , Ali M. Ajmal , Al‐Hemaid Fahad M. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDiphenylamine (DPA) monomers have been electropolymerized on the amino‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (AFCNT) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The surface morphology of PDPA‐AFCNT was studied using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). The interfacial electron transfer phenomenon at the modified electrode was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PDPA‐AFCNT/GCE represented a multifunctional sensor and showed good electrocatalytic behavior towards the oxidation of catechol and the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Rotating‐disk electrode technique was applied to detect catechol with a sensitivity of 1360 µA mM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.01 mM. Amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide at the PDPA‐AFCNT film modified electrode results in a linear range from 10 to 800 µM, a sensitivity of 487.1 µA mM−1 cm−2 and detection limit of 1 µM. These results show that the nano‐composite film modified electrode can be utilized to develop a multifunctional sensor.
Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Imipramine and Amitriptiline at a Nanoclay Composite Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode
Authors: Eslami E. , Farjami F. , Aberoomand Azar P. , Saber Tehrani M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new carbon nanocomposite electrode has been designed by incorporation of montmorillonite nanoclay into a carbon ionic liquid electrode for the electrochemical determination of imipramine (IMP) and amitriptyline (AMT). They are expected to accumulate on the electrode surface through the cooperative interaction of ionic liquid and clay with the drugs. The proposed electrode also possesses attractive electrocatalytic effects towards the drugs especially AMT. Low detection limits of 19 nM for IMP and 24 nM for AMT were achieved. The proposed nanocomposite electrode exhibits good applicability for monitoring IMP and AMT in pharmaceutical formulations and blood serum samples.
Facile Preparation of α‐Zirconium Phosphate/Polyaniline Hybrid Film for Detecting Potassium Ion in a Wide Linear Range
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Xue Chunfeng , Li Xiumin , Du Xiao , Wang Zhongde , Ma Guozhang , Hao Xiaogang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA novel α‐zirconium phosphate/polyaniline (α‐ZrP/PANI) hybrid film used as K+ ion sensor was fabricated on carbon paper by electrochemical method. Mechanisms of film formation and detection of K+ ions were also proposed. The exfoliated α‐ZrP was mixed with PANI and deposited on carbon paper. The resultant α‐ZrP/PANI film exhibited a good current response to K+ ion with different concentrations. It also showed a wide logarithmic linear response in detecting K+ ions in the ranges of 10−8–10−4 M and 10−4–10−2 M, respectively. The results can be attributed to the synergetic effect of α‐ZrP and PANI.
Sloped multi‐roller isolation devices for seismic protection of equipment and facilities
Authors: Wang Shiang‐Jung , Hwang Jenn‐Shin , Chang Kuo‐Chun , Shiau Chia‐Yi , Lin Wang‐Chuen , Tsai Mu‐Sen , Hong Jia‐Xiang , Yang Yin‐Han 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThe rolling motion of mutually orthogonal rollers respectively sandwiched between two bearing plates in which one or both have V‐shaped sloping surfaces makes the sloped rolling‐type isolation device have an excellent in‐plane seismic isolation performance. In this study, the sloped rolling type isolation device in which a single roller moves between two V‐shaped sloping surfaces along each principle horizontal direction is refined by incorporating multi‐roller, built‐in damping, and pounding prevention mechanisms. The associated dynamic behavior is further clarified, and a simplified twin‐flag hysteretic model, which can be easily applied in most commercial computational tools is then proposed. Seismic simulation tests on the refined isolation devices (i.e. the sloped multi‐roller isolation devices) with different design parameters such as sloping angles of bearing plates and built‐in damping capabilities, together with a raised floor system by employing the sloped multi‐roller isolation devices, were conducted. Not only is the efficiency of the sloped multi‐roller isolation devices in seismically protecting the important objects, but also the practicability and accuracy of the proposed simplified numerical model in predicting the seismic responses of the sloped multi‐roller isolation devices is experimentally verified. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory algal bioassays using PAM fluorometry: Effects of test conditions on the determination of herbicide and field sample toxicity
Authors: Sjollema Sascha B. , van Beusekom Sebastiaan A.M. , van der Geest Harm G. , Booij Petra , de Zwart Dick , Vethaak A. Dick , Admiraal Wim 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) fluorometry, based on chlorophyll a fluorescence, is a frequently used technique in algal bioassays to assess toxicity of single compounds or complex field samples. Several test conditions can influence the test results, and because a standardized test protocol is currently lacking, linking the results of different studies is difficult. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to gain insight into the effects of test conditions of laboratory algal bioassays using PAM fluorometry on the outcome of toxicity tests. To this purpose, we described the results from several pilot studies on test development in which information is provided on the effects of the main test factors during the pretest phase, the test preparation, the exposure period, and the actual measurement. The experiments were focused on individual herbicides and complex field samples and included the effects of culturing conditions, cell density, solvent concentration, exposure time, and the presence of actinic light. Several of these test conditions were found to influence the outcome of the toxicity test, and the presented information provides important background information for the interpretation of toxicity results and describes which test conditions should be taken into account when using an algal bioassay with PAM fluorometry. Finally, the application of PAM fluorometry in algal toxicity testing is discussed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1017–1022. © 2014 SETAC