bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Healable Sandfish Scale‐Inspired Scalable Triboelectric Layer for Hybrid Energy Harvesting in Desert Environment
Authors: Chen An‐Rong , Parashar Parag , Sharma Manish Kumar , Shih Jing‐Siang , Yeh Hsuan‐Yu , Lin Yen‐Jui , Kaswan Kuldeep , Fan Kai‐Po , Chen Po‐Yu , Lin Zong‐Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn deserts, sedimentation from frequent dust activities on solar cells poses a substantial technical challenge, reducing efficiency and necessitating advanced cost‐inefficient cleaning mechanisms. Herein, a novel sandfish scale‐inspired self‐healing fluorinated copolymer‐based triboelectric layer is directly incorporated on top of the polysilicon solar cell for sustained hybrid energy harvesting. The transparent biomimetic layer, with distinctive saw‐tooth microstructured morphology, exhibits ultra‐low sand adhesion and high abrasion‐resistant properties, inhibits sedimentation deposition on solar cells, and concurrently harvests kinetic energy from wind‐driven sand particles through triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The film exhibits a low friction coefficient (0.149), minimal sand adhesion force (27 nN), and a small wear area (327 µm2). In addition, over 2 months, a solar cell with the sandfish scale‐inspired structure demonstrates only a 16% decline in maximum power output compared to the bare solar cell, which experiences a 60% decline. Further, the sandfish scale‐based TENG device's electrical output is fully restored to its original value after a 6‐h self‐healing cycle and maintains consistent stable outputs. These results highlight the exceptional advantages of employing biomimetic self‐healing materials as robust triboelectric layers, showcasing sustained device stability and durability for prolonged use in harsh desert environments, ultimately contributing to a low cost‐of‐electricity generation paradigm.
High‐Precision Printing of Cermets by Collapsable Matrix Assisted Digital Light Processing
Authors: Shan Yupeng , Zhao Zhi , Wang Haibin , Li Yurong , Wang Yue , Xing Ming , Song Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractShaping hard and brittle materials, e.g. cermets, at micrometer resolution has long been known challenging for both mechanical machining and high energy beam based additive manufacturing. Digital light processing (DLP), which features great printing quality and decent precision, unfortunately lacks capability to deal with the popular slurry‐typed cermet precursor due to the tremendous optical absorption by its particles. Here, an innovative protocol based on a versatile collapsable matrix is devised to allow high‐precision printing of WC‐Co cermets on DLP platform. By tuning the external environment, this matrix attenuates composite powders to facilitate photopolymerization at the printing stage, and shrinks to condense green parts prior to thermal sintering. The as‐obtained samples by collapsable matrix assisted DLP can reach a relative density of ≈90%, a record‐breaking resolution of ≈10 µm, and a microhardness of up to 14.5 GPa. Complex delicate structures, including school emblem, honeycomb, and micro‐drill can be directly fabricated, which has never been achieved before. Impressively, the as‐obtained micro‐drill is able to be directly used in drilling tasks. The above strategy represents a great progress in DLP by enabling shaping strong light attenuating materials at high resolution. Such advantages are ideal for the next generation ceramic‐metal composite additive manufacturing.
Using rhetorical writing frames to enhance negotiated independent construction in second language writing
Authors: Uzun Kutay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe genre‐based approach (GBA) to teaching second language (L2) writing follows the stages of establishing context, modelling, analysis, joint construction, and independent construction. The passage from joint construction to independent construction in the GBA requires scaffolding. Thus, studies on GBA suggest teacher support in independent construction or a negotiated independent construction (NIC) stage where learners receive feedback and revise their texts. However, studies on the techniques for enhancing performance in NIC are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to test the effects of using rhetorical writing frames (RWFs) on L2 writing performance (L2WP) during the NIC stage of genre‐based instruction (GBI). Sixty undergraduate students participated in the matching‐only posttest‐only control group design. The experiment group used writing frames to tag the rhetorical moves in their literary analysis essays (LAE) while the control group did not use them. The findings showed that using RWF enhanced L2WP in the NIC stage in terms of writing quality, presenting arguments and supporting arguments. The study proposes a genre‐based markup language to boost L2WP while learners may be struggling to produce a recently learned genre independently.
Evaluating deterrents to reduce depredation of wood duck eggs in nest boxes
Authors: Miller Emily M. , Kaminski Richard M. , Bauer Beau A. , Yarrow Greg K. , Barrett Kyle , Anderson James T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWood ducks (Aix sponsa) are secondary natural cavity‐nesting species that also nest in artificial nest boxes. Since the early 20th century, nest boxes have been widely deployed in North America to increase nesting sites for wood ducks and bolster production. Equipping nest boxes with a predator guard beneath the box is a common practice to deter climbing predators from accessing boxes; however, there is no device to repel avian predators. We found that eastern rat snakes (Pantherophis alleghaniensis) and woodpeckers (Picidae) were primary predators of wood duck eggs in boxes in North Carolina and South Carolina. Accordingly, we designed experiments to deter snakes and woodpeckers using a commercial brand of snake repellent pellets and a plastic raptor decoy, respectively. Male and female snakes that accessed boxes averaged 1.4 m (SE = 2.0 cm) in length. Digital camera data indicated that snakes climbed nest box posts and thrust their anterior body atop predator guards to continue their ascent into the box. We recorded 671 nest failures of which rat snakes accounted for 39.9% (n = 268) and woodpeckers 22.4% (n = 150). Snakes consumed ≥649 eggs, observed as protuberances in their stomachs. Our experiment showed that commercial snake repellent pellets did not deter snakes (P = 0.957). Placing a plastic hawk decoy atop nest boxes when females were incubating ≥12 days increased nest survival during the incubation stage (P = 0.001). Wood duck nest boxes at our study sites may be experiencing increased nest predation by rat snakes due to poor maintenance and installation of predator guards. Rat snakes and woodpeckers may be depredating wood duck eggs in the southeastern United States at unknown rates, potentially decreasing production and recruitment from these structures.
Macro- and micromechanical behavior of oil palm wood (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): tensile, compression and bending properties
Authors: Fruehwald-Koenig K. , Heister L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the macromechanical and micromechanical behavior of oil palm wood by testing the elastomechanical properties in bending, compression parallel and perpendicular and tension parallel and perpendicular to the vascular bundles of small-size test specimen depending on the position within the trunk, the density and the number of vascular bundles per unit area as well as the plantation site. All properties tested show a much higher exponential increase with the density, following power law relationships with exponents > 1, than common wood species and a significant gradient over both trunk height and cross section. Oil palm wood can be seen as a unidirectional long-fiber-reinforced bio-composite, if vascular bundles are considered as reinforcements (fibers) and parenchymatous ground tissue as matrix. The adapted rule-of-mixture based on the number of vascular bundles per unit area can be confirmed for the density, but not for the tensile properties, because the number of vascular bundles per unit area and share of fibers within the bundles is greater in the periphery than in the trunk central tissue. Furthermore, cell wall thickening over time is more pronounced in the peripheral than in the central tissue and more at the bottom than near the top. Different from small test specimens from common wood species, the compression strength exceeds the tensile strength: fc,0 : fm : ft,0 is 1.4 : 2.2–1.2 : 1. The performance indices for minimum weight design by Ashby and coworkers are comparable to that for coconut and date palm wood.
Different covering numbers of compact tree ideals
Authors: Kuiper Jelle Mathis , Spinas Otmar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the covering numbers of some ideals on

$${^{\omega }}{2}{}$$

ω

2

associated with tree forcings. We prove that the covering of the Sacks ideal remains small in the Silver and uniform Sacks model, respectively, and that the coverings of the uniform Sacks ideal and the Mycielski ideal,

$${\mathfrak {C}_{2}}$$

C
2

, remain small in the Sacks model.
Prevalence and Experience of Urinary Incontinence Among Elite Female Gaelic Sports Athletes
Authors: Culleton-Quinn Elizabeth , Bø Kari , Fleming Neil , Cusack Cinny , Daly Déirdre 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Hypothesis
This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence and experience of urinary incontinence (UI) among elite female Gaelic sports athletes in Ireland.

Methods
A cross-sectional study comprising an anonymous online survey of elite Gaelic sports (Camogie and Ladies Gaelic Football) players. Players were asked about their background information, knowledge of the pelvic floor and practice of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), as well as their experiences of UI. The prevalence and severity of UI was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors.

Results
A total of 185 players responded (25 ± 5 years) and 95.3% (n = 176) were nulliparous. Forty-one percent (n = 75) of players had learned about PFMT and 13% (n = 24) had performed PFMT within the last 4 weeks. The ICIQ-UI-SF was completed by 159 players, with UI reported by 61.6% (n = 98), 52% (n = 51) of whom experienced stress urinary incontinence (SUI). A significant association was found between UI and longer weekly sporting activity time (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.008). Parous players were more likely to experience UI (p = 0.025). Jumping and sprinting activities were the most commonly reported triggers, with pre-voiding and wearing protection (liners, pads) the most commonly adopted UI management strategies. Only ten players reported receiving treatment for UI.

Conclusions
Urinary incontinence is prevalent among this cohort of elite female Gaelic sports athletes. Many players used strategies to manage their UI whereas few sought help for what is a treatable condition. Findings suggest the need for education of players regarding pelvic floor health and treatment options available.
Coronary computed tomography angiography improves assessment of patients with acute chest pain and inconclusively elevated high-sensitivity troponins
Authors: Arslan Murat , Schaap Jeroen , van Gorsel Bart , Aubanell Anton , Budde Ricardo P. J. , Hirsch Alexander , Smulders Martijn W. , Mihl Casper , Damman Peter , Sliwicka Olga , Habets Jesse , Dubois Eric A. , Dedic Admir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can improve the diagnostic work-up of patients with acute chest pain and inconclusively high-sensitivity troponins (hs-troponin).

Methods
We conducted a prospective, blinded, observational, multicentre study. Patients aged 30–80 years presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain and inconclusively elevated hs-troponins were included and underwent CCTA. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of ≥ 50% stenosis on CCTA to identify patients with type-1 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).

Results
A total of 106 patients (mean age 65 ± 10, 29% women) were enrolled of whom 20 patients (19%) had an adjudicated diagnosis of type-1 NSTE-ACS. In 45 patients, CCTA revealed non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) or no CAD. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value and area-under-the-curve (AUC) of ≥ 50% stenosis on CCTA to identify patients with type 1 NSTE-ACS, was 95% (95% confidence interval: 74–100), 56% (45–68), 98% (87–100), 35% (29–41) and 0.83 (0.73–0.94), respectively. When only coronary segments with a diameter ≥ 2 mm were considered for the adjudication of type 1 NSTE-ACS, the sensitivity and NPV increased to 100%. In 8 patients, CCTA enabled the detection of clinically relevant non-coronary findings.

Conclusion
The absence of ≥ 50% coronary artery stenosis on CCTA can be used to rule out type 1 NSTE-ACS in acute chest pain patients with inconclusively elevated hs-troponins. Additionally, CCTA can help improve the diagnostic work-up by detecting other relevant conditions that cause acute chest pain and inconclusively elevated hs-troponins.

Clinical relevance statement
Coronary CTA (CCTA) can safely rule out type 1 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) in patients presenting to the ED with acute chest pain and inconclusively elevated hs-troponins, while also detecting other relevant non-coronary conditions.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03129659). Registered on 26 April 2017

Key Points

Acute chest discomfort is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department.

CCTA achieved very high negative predictive values for type 1 NSTE-ACS in this population.

CCTA can serve as an adjunct for evaluating equivocal ACS and evaluates for other pathology.

Graphical Abstract
Acute kidney injury is associated with abnormal cefepime exposure among critically ill children and young adults
Authors: Pavia Kathryn , Girdwood Sonya Tang , Paice Kelli , Dong Min , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Tang Peter , Mangeot Colleen , Vinks Alexander A. , Kaplan Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Elevated cefepime blood concentrations can cause neurotoxicity in adults. The consequences of elevated cefepime concentrations among pediatric patients are unknown. Future exploration of such effects requires first identifying patients at risk for elevated cefepime exposure. We investigated the role of acute kidney injury as a risk factor for increased cefepime concentrations in critically ill children.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis at a single pediatric intensive care unit. Analyzed patients received at least 24 h of cefepime and had at least two opportunistic samples collected for total cefepime concentration measurement. Individual pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles during treatment courses were reconstructed using Bayesian estimation with an established population PK model. Elevated trough concentration (Cmin) was defined as ≥ 30 mg/L based on adult toxicity studies. The effect of kidney dysfunction on cefepime PK profiles was interrogated using a mixed-effect model.

Results
Eighty-seven patients were included, of which 13 (14.9%) had at least one estimated Cmin ≥ 30 mg/L. Patients with elevated Cmin were more likely to have acute kidney injury (AKI) during their critical illness (92% vs. 57%, p = 0.015 for any AKI; 62% vs. 26%, p = 0.019 for severe AKI). Patients who had AKI during critical illness had significantly higher cefepime exposure, as quantified by the area under the concentration–time curve over 24 h (AUC24h) and Cmin.

Conclusions
Among critically ill children, AKI is associated with elevated cefepime concentrations. Identifying these high-risk patients is the first step toward evaluating the clinical consequences of such exposures.

Graphical abstract
Accumulation of branched-chain amino acids deteriorates the neuroinflammatory response of Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy via leucine/Sestrin2-mediated sensing of mTOR signaling
Authors: Gong Qiaoyun , Wang Jingyi , Luo Dawei , Xu Yupeng , Zhang Rulin , Li Xin , Yin Zihan , Fang Junwei , Wang Haiyan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to investigate branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods
Wild-type and db/db mice were fed BCAAs (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks, and hyperglycemia-exposed Müller cells were treated with BCAAs (2 or 5 mmol/L) for 24 and 48 h. BCAA levels were measured using MS/MS. Western blotting was performed to detect proteins. Flow cytometry, oxygen consumption rate, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were used to evaluate Müller cell viability. Each experiment was conducted at least thrice.

Results
BCAAs and branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) were increased in the retina and systemic tissues of diabetic mice, and these changes were further enhanced to approximately 2-fold by extra BCAAs compared to wild-type group. In vitro, BCAAs and BCKAs were induced in hyperglycemic Müller cells, and augmented by BCAA supplementation. The aberrant BCAA catabolism was accompanied by mTORC1 activation and subsequently induced TNF-ɑ, VEGFA, GS, and GFAP in retinas and Müller cells under diabetic conditions. The cell apoptosis rate increased by approximately 50%, and mitochondrial respiration was inhibited by hyperglycemia and BCAA in Müller cells. Additionally, mTORC1 signaling was activated by leucine in Müller cells. Knockdown of Sestrin2 or LeuRS significantly abolished the leucine-induced mTORC1 phosphorylation and protected Müller cell viability under diabetic conditions.

Conclusions
We found that BCAA catabolism is hindered in DR through mTORC1 activation. Leucine plays a key role in inducing mTORC1 by sensing Sestrin2 in Müller cells. Targeting Sestrin2 may ameliorate the toxic effects of BCAA accumulation on Müller cells in DR.
Comparing the new concept of impairment in personality functioning with borderline personality disorder: differential psychosocial and psychopathological correlates in a clinical adolescent sample
Authors: Wyssen Andrea , Lerch Stefan , Reichl Corinna , Mürner-Lavanchy Ines , Sigrist Christine , Schär Selina , Cavelti Marialuisa , Koenig Julian , Kaess Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is an established diagnosis in adolescence with high comorbidity and psychosocial impairment. With the introduction of the alternative model for personality disorders in DSM-5 (AMPD), personality functioning is operationalized using the Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS), which has been shown to be associated with severity of personality pathology. The present study aimed at examining differential psychopathological and psychosocial correlates of LPFS and BPD. A total of 526 adolescent in- and outpatients were interviewed with the STiP-5.1 (LPFS) and the SCID-II. Mixed linear regression was used to investigate the associations between the two interviews with measures of psychopathology and psychosocial impairment. 11.4% met the diagnostic threshold of both interviews, 16.1% only of the LPFS, and 64.1% were below the diagnostic threshold in both interviews (no PD). The BPD only group was larger than expected—8.4% of patients who met criteria for BPD did not fulfill criteria for significant impairment in the LPFS. The highest burden was found in individuals concurrently showing significant impairment in LPFS and fulfilling BPD diagnosis (LPFS + BPD). Differences between the LPFS only group and the BPD only group were found in risk behavior and traumatic experiences, with higher prevalence in the BPD group. Findings confirm the high psychopathological burden and psychosocial impairment associated with both BPD and LPFS. Those exceeding the diagnostic threshold of LPFS in combination with a BPD diagnosis are characterized by greatest disability. Not all adolescents fulfilling formal BPD diagnosis showed a clinically significant impairment in LPFS, which may refer to a distinct diagnostic group.
Livelihood impacts of community-based forest landscape restoration in the Hindu Kush Himalaya, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Ayat , Bavorova Miroslava 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, community-based forest landscape restoration (FLR) has gained policy attention in Pakistan. However, there is a lack of information on how FLR affects the livelihood capital of mountain communities. To fill this gap, this study investigated the livelihood impacts of FLR in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region of Pakistan. To understand the role of FLR in livelihood restoration, we utilized focus group discussions (FGDs) and field observations. The study revealed that community members perceived various impacts of FLR on their livelihood assets. FLR helped restore the ecology, improved access to food, education, and health facilities, developed infrastructure, and initiated ecotourism in the study area. FLR activities were executed through several institutions, particularly extension services, Village Development Committees (VDCs), and Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs), through the process of equity, accountability, and collaboration. We recommend continuing the implementation of FLR initiatives through extension services to maximize positive impacts on social, natural, human, financial, and physical capitals.
Health risk behaviour prevention/intervention programmes targeted at youth/adolescents engaging in risky behaviour—a scoping review
Authors: Daniels Kurt John , Hoosen Ibraaheem , Pharaoh Hamilton 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Youth in disadvantaged socio-economic circumstances in South Africa face significant risks to their physical and mental well-being due to exposure to harmful behaviours. More than 50% of the global disease burden is attributed to non-communicable diseases linked to such behaviours. While interventions have been initiated to address these risks, the limited reduction in risky behaviour necessitates closer examination and the exploration of more targeted or innovative approaches for effective mitigation.

Objectives
To explore existing health risk behaviour prevention/intervention programmes targeting youth, focusing on decreasing risky behaviour engagement and to discuss the success of the intervention used.

Methods
Three electronic databases were searched from 2009 until November 2023. Studies specifically reported using an intervention programme in youth or adolescents aged 9 to 19 were included. Data extracted included age, grade, sample size, targeted risky behaviour, and outcome.

Results
A total of 1072 articles were screened across three major databases, and of the nine included studies, n = 7 yielded mild to moderate intervention success results. The use of incentives yielded unsuccessful results. The most successful intervention strategy identified was school-based intervention programmes targeting multiple risky behaviours.

Conclusion
School interventions combining counselling, electronic screening, and personalized feedback effectively modified behaviour, while incentive-based programs had minimal impact. This underscores the importance of targeted interventions to discourage risky behaviour among young people.

Clinical implications
Effective intervention and prevention programs targeting health risk behaviours in youth are essential in safeguarding their mental and physical well-being. A clear link between risky behaviour engagement and the potential development of non-communicable diseases or trauma should be emphasised.