bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing diagnostic accuracy improvement for survival or competing‐risk censored outcomes
Authors: Shi Haiwen , Cheng Yu , Li Jialiang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDiagnostic accuracy studies have progressed in the past decade to consider survival outcomes beyond the traditional dichotomous outcome. Another recent advance is the appearance of novel measures for diagnostic accuracy improvement by adding new markers. In this paper we attempt to integrate these two evolving areas and contribute a discussion on assessing diagnostic accuracy improvement for censored survival outcomes. More importantly, we consider competing‐risk censoring in addition to independent censoring, and provide inferential procedures. Particularly, we consider fitting regression models based on cumulative incidence functions for the primary event, and propose parallel estimators for the adapted accuracy improvement measures based on inverse probability weighting and bivariate cumulative incidence function estimation. Both estimators perform very well in simulations and in an application to a breast cancer study. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 109–125; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Annual financial impact of well‐differentiated thyroid cancer care in the United States
Authors: Lubitz Carrie C. , Kong Chung Y. , McMahon Pamela M. , Daniels Gilbert H. , Chen Yufei , Economopoulos Konstantinos P. , Gazelle G. Scott , Weinstein Milton C. 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDWell‐differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is a prevalent disease, which is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer. Substantial direct medical care costs are related to the diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed patients as well as the ongoing surveillance of patients who have a long life expectancy. Prior analyses of the aggregate health care costs attributable to WDTC in the United States have not been reported.METHODSA stacked cohort cost analysis was performed on the US population from 1985 to 2013 to estimate the number of WDTC survivors in 2013. Incidence rates, and cancer‐specific and overall survival were based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Current and projected direct medical care costs attributable to the care of patients with WDTC were then estimated. Health care–related costs and event probabilities were based on Medicare reimbursement schedules and the literature.RESULTSEstimated overall societal cost of WDTC care in 2013 for all US patients diagnosed after 1985 is $1.6 billion. Diagnosis, surgery, and adjuvant therapy for newly diagnosed patients (41%) constitutes the greatest proportion of costs, followed by surveillance of survivors (37%), and nonoperative death costs attributable to thyroid cancer care (22%). Projected 2030 costs (in 2013 US dollars) based on current incidence trends exceed $3.5 billion.CONCLUSIONSHealth care costs of WDTC are substantial. Unlike other cancers, the majority of the cost is incurred in the initial and continuing phases of care. With the projected increasing incidence, population, and survival trends, costs will continue to escalate. Cancer 2014;120:1345–1352. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Communication efficient work distributions in stencil operation based applications
Authors: Schneible Joseph , Riha Lubomir , Malik Maria , El‐Ghazawi Tarek , Alexandru Andrei 
Published: January 2014

SummaryIn recent years, the use of accelerators in conjunction with CPUs, known as heterogeneous computing, has brought about significant performance increases for scientific applications. One of the best examples of this is lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD), a stencil operation based simulation. These simulations have a large memory footprint necessitating the use of many graphics processing units (GPUs) in parallel. This requires the use of a heterogeneous cluster with one or more GPUs per node. In order to obtain optimal performance, it is necessary to determine an efficient communication pattern between GPUs on the same node and between nodes. In this paper, we present a performance model based method for minimizing the communication time of applications with stencil operations, such as lattice QCD, on heterogeneous computing systems with a non‐blocking InfiniBand interconnection network. The proposed method is able to increase the performance of the most computationally intensive kernel of lattice QCD by 25% due to improved overlapping of communication and computation. We also demonstrate that the aforementioned performance model and efficient communication patterns can be used to determine a cost efficient heterogeneous system design for stencil operation based applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Ixodes minor and Borrelia carolinensis enzootic cycle involving a critically endangered Mojave Desert rodent
Authors: Foley Janet , Ott‐Conn Caitlin , Worth Joy , Poulsen Amanda , Clifford Deana 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMicrotus californicus scirpensis is an endangered, isolated subspecies of California vole. It requires water pools and riparian bulrush (Schoenoplectus americanus) and occupies some of the rarest habitat of any North American mammal. The minimally vegetated, extremely arid desert surrounding the pools is essentially uninhabitable for Ixodes species ticks. We describe an enzootic cycle of Borrelia carolinensis in Ixodes minor ticks at a site 3500 km distant from the region in which I. minor is known to occur in Tecopa Host Springs, Inyo County, eastern Mojave Desert, California. Voles were live‐trapped, and ticks and blood samples queried by PCR and DNA sequencing for identification and determination of the presence of Borrelia spp. Between 2011–2013, we found 21 Ixodes minor ticks (prevalence 4–8%) on Amargosa voles and Reithrodontomys megalotis. DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA from ticks yielded 99% identity to I. minor. There was 92% identity with I. minor in the calreticulin gene fragment. Three ticks (23.1%), 15 (24%) voles, three (27%) house mice, and one (7%) harvest mice were PCR positive for Borrelia spp. Sequencing of the 5S‐23S intergenic spacer region and flagellin gene assigned Amargosa vole Borrelia strains to B. carolinensis. Ixodes minor, first described in 1902 from a single Guatemalan record, reportedly occurs only in the southeast American on small mammals and birds. The source of this tick in the Mojave Desert and time scale for introduction is not known but likely via migratory birds. Borrelia strains in the Amargosa ecosystem most closely resemble B. carolinensis. B. carolinensis occurs in a rodent‐I. minor enzootic cycle in the southeast U.S. although its epidemiological significance for people or rodents is unknown. The presence of a tick and Borrelia spp. only known from southeast U.S. in this extremely isolated habitat on the other side of the continent is of serious concern because it suggests that the animals in the ecosystem could be vulnerable to further incursions of pathogens and parasites.
Ruthenium Acetate Cluster Amphiphiles and Their Langmuir–Blodgett Films for Electrochromic Switching Devices
Authors: Naidek Karine P. , Hoffmeister Denize M. , Pazinato Jaqueline , Westphal Eduard , Gallardo Hugo , Nakamura Marcelo , Araki Koiti , Toma Henrique E. , Winnischofer Herbert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe synthesized a long‐chain phenylazopyridine ligand and used it to obtain three new amphiphilic trinuclear ruthenium acetate clusters. The amphiphilicity and anisometric form of the long‐chain ligand allowed the complexes to self‐assemble at the liquid–air interface and enabled their deposition by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. We obtained the linear complex [Ru3O(C2H3O2)6(py)2L]+ [L = 4‐(4‐dodecyloxyphenylazo)pyridine, py = pyridine], which was more stable than the triangular [Ru3O(C2H3O2)6L3]+ and more suitable for application in electrochromic switching devices, as attested by its fast switching and optical changes in the near‐IR region. Indeed, our electrochromic device remained stable for hundreds of switching cycles.
Copper(I) Complexes of Phenanthro‐Annulated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Transmetalation Reactions
Authors: Mormul Jaroslaw , Steimann Manfred , Nagel Ulrich 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCopper(I) complexes with phenanthro‐annulated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands were prepared by reaction of imidazolium salts with copper(I) oxide. Transmetalation of the copper complexes with [RhCl(cod)]2 in usual solvents like CH2Cl2 led to an equilibrium between the reactants and the products. For rhodium complexes 4 and 5 this equilibrium could be shifted to the product side by carrying out the reaction in acetonitrile. The ester functionalized rhodium complex 6 was prepared in a two phase mixture of chloroform and aqueous CaCl2 starting from copper complex 3c. The rhodium complexes were characterized by NMR and X‐ray measurements.
Effect of breading and battering ingredients on performance of frying oils*
Authors: Lazarick Kelsey , Aladedunye Felix , Przybylski Roman 
Published: January 2014

The effect of pre‐formed lipid hydroperoxides, breading, and battering ingredients on pigment formation and thermo‐oxidative degradation of oil during institutional frying was evaluated. The food ingredients were fried intermittently in canola oil heated for 8 h daily over 4 consecutive days at 185 ± 5°C. Color component formation, total polar components (TPC), and tocopherols were measured. Glycine‐enriched whey protein fried in 1% oxidized canola oil contributed most significantly to oil darkening with a rate ten times that of the control sample. Using whey protein as a base for battering caused the most significant color changes and thermo‐oxidative deterioration. Glucose and glycine are two minor ingredients that also contribute to color formation in oil. Breading materials were prone to cause a more significant amount of oil deterioration when compared to battering ingredients most likely due to excess loose breading particles falling into the oil during frying.Practical applications: The present study evaluated the effect of some components of food coatings on the stability and pigment formation of the frying oil. The results suggest the need to optimize the protein component of coating materials and ensure that the amounts of loose particles on breaded products are adequately minimized. This information will assist institutional frying operators and other relevant industries in product development and food preparation with the view of optimizing performance of the frying oil.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐8‐Hydroxy‐3‐[(S)‐2′‐hydroxypentyl]‐6‐methoxyisochroman‐1‐one, (S)‐3‐Hydroxy‐3‐[(S)‐2′‐hydroxypentyl]‐6,8‐dimethoxyisochroman‐1‐one, and Their Epimers
Authors: Kumaraswamy Gullapalli , Ankamma Kukkadapu , Raghu Nimmakayala , RamBabu Dasa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe total synthesis of (S)‐8‐hydroxy‐3‐[(S)‐2′‐hydroxypentyl]‐6‐methoxyisochroman‐1‐one, (S)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐[(S)‐2′‐hydroxypentyl]‐6,8‐dimethoxyisochroman‐1‐one, and their epimers has been successfully achieved. The key reactions include a catalytic enantioselective asymmetric epoxidation to introduce the chirality, and an Alder–Rickert reaction for the construction of the substituted phenyl ring.
Salt‐Free Preparation of Trimethylsilyl Ethers by B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Transfer Silylation by Using a Me3SiH Surrogate
Authors: Simonneau Antoine , Friebel Jonas , Oestreich Martin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn unprecedented transfer silylation of alcohols catalyzed by the strong Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 is described. Gaseous Me3SiH is released in situ by B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed decomposition of 3‐trimethylsilylcyclohexa‐1,4‐diene and subsequently reacts with an alcohol in a dehydrogenative Si–O coupling promoted by the same boron catalyst. Benzene and dihydrogen are formed during the reaction, but no salt waste is. This expedient protocol is applicable to several silicon groups, and the preparation of trimethylsilyl ethers presented here is potentially useful for alcohol derivatization prior to GLC analysis.
A miniaturized solid contact test with Arthrobacter globiformis for the assessment of the environmental impact of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Engelke Maria , Köser Jan , Hackmann Stephan , Zhang Huanjun , Mädler Lutz , Filser Juliane 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely applied for their antibacterial activity. Their increasing use in consumer products implies that they will find their way into the environment via wastewater-treatment plants. The aim of the present study was to compare the ecotoxicological impact of 2 differently designed AgNPs using the solid contact test for the bacterial strain Arthrobacter globiformis. In addition, a miniaturized version of this test system was established, which requires only small-sized samples because AgNPs are produced in small quantities during the design level. The results demonstrate that the solid contact test can be performed in 24-well microplates and that the miniaturized test system fulfills the validity criterion. Soils spiked with AgNPs showed a concentration-dependent reduction of Arthrobacter dehydrogenase activity for both AgNPs and Ag ions (Ag+). The toxic effect of the investigated AgNPs on the bacterial viability differed by 1 order of magnitude and can be related to the release of dissolved Ag+. The release of dissolved Ag+ can be attributed to particle size and surface area or to the fact that AgNPs are in either metallic or oxide form. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1142–1147. © 2014 SETAC
Energy‐efficient delay tolerant space time codes for asynchronous cooperative communications
Authors: Ashraf Mateen , Sohaib Sarmad 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTCooperative communication protocols are generally assumed to be synchronous in nature, which is not always possible in distributed wireless networks. Lack of synchronisation may cause space time codes to lose their property of being full rank. The solution proposed, thus far, increase the size of the codes in the temporal that in turn increases the energy consumption and complexity of the receiver. In addition, the channel is required to be static over the length of codes, which is a hard condition when the size of the ST code increases. In order to mitigate these issues, we have proposed delay tolerant codes in this paper that do not increase receiver complexity and require less circuit energy. The simulation results for various delay profiles show that the proposed codes require less total energy per bit when relays are within a small range. Therefore, the proposed scheme is better suited to short‐range applications such as sensor networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo Simulation of the CGMY Process and Option Pricing
Authors: Ballotta Laura , Kyriakou Ioannis 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present a joint Monte Carlo‐Fourier transform sampling scheme for pricing derivative products under a Carr–Geman–Madan–Yor (CGMY) model (Carr et al. [Journal of Business, 75, 305–332, 2002]) exhibiting jumps of infinite activity and finite or infinite variation. The approach relies on numerical transform inversion with computable error estimates, which allow generating the unknown cumulative distribution function of the CGMY process increments at the desired accuracy level. We use this to generate samples and simulate the entire trajectory of the process without need of truncating the process small jumps. We illustrate the computational efficiency of the proposed method by comparing it to the existing methods in the literature on pricing a wide range of option contracts, including path‐dependent univariate and multivariate products. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:1095–1121, 2014
Maximal Gaussian Affine Models for Multiple Commodities: A Note
Authors: Casassus Jaime , Liu Peng , Tang Ke 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study extends the maximal affine models of single assets to a multi‐commodity setup. We show that the correlated version of maximal affine models for a single commodity is no longer maximal for multiple commodities. In the maximal model, the convenience yield of a certain commodity could depend on the prices of other commodities, which is consistent with the structural model in our companion study Casassus, Liu, and Tang [Review of Financial Studies, 26, 1324–1362, 2013]. This cross‐commodity relationship is a feedback effect that may generate substantial co‐movement among long‐run commodity prices, a fact that is consistent with many empirical studies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:75–86, 2015
Younger age of dementia diagnosis in a Hispanic population in southern California
Authors: Fitten L. Jaime , Ortiz Freddy , Fairbanks Lynn , Bartzokis George , Lu Po , Klein Eric , Coppola Giovanni , Ringman John 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivePrior studies of US Hispanics, largely performed on the East Coast, have found a younger age of dementia onset than in White non‐Hispanics. We performed a cross‐sectional study to examine clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with age of dementia diagnosis in older Hispanics and White, non‐Hispanics in southern California.MethodsTwo hundred ninety (110 Hispanic and 180 White non‐Hispanic) community dwelling, cognitively symptomatic subjects, aged 50 years and older, were assessed and diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease or probable vascular dementia. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype was assessed in a subset of cases. Analysis of variance and multiple stepwise linear regression were used to assess main effects and interactions of ethnicity with dementia severity (indexed by mini mental state examination scores) and other sociodemographic and clinical variables on age of dementia diagnosis.ResultsHispanics were younger by an average of 4 years at the time of diagnosis, regardless of dementia subtype, despite a similar prevalence of the APOE ε4 genotype. The earlier age at diagnosis for Hispanics was not explained by gender, dementia severity, years of education, history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, or diabetes. Only ethnicity was significantly associated with age of onset.ConclusionsThese findings confirm that US Hispanics living in the southwestern USA tend to be younger at the time of dementia diagnosis than their White non‐Hispanic counterparts. As this is not explained by the presence of the APOE ε4 genotype, further studies should explore other cultural, medical, or genetic risk factors influencing the age of dementia onset in this population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the biochemical effects of naphthalene on the mouse respiratory system using NMR‐based metabolomics
Authors: Hong Jia‐Huei , Lee Wen‐Ching , Hsu Yu‐Ming , Liang Hao‐Jan , Wan Cho‐Hua , Chien Chung‐Liang , Lin Ching‐Yu 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTNaphthalene is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant to which humans are exposed. Previous studies have demonstrated that naphthalene causes bronchiolar epithelial necrosis in the mouse distal airway, after parenteral administration. In this study, metabolic variations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lung tissues of naphthalene‐treated mice and controls were examined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics to identify the toxic mechanism. Male ICR mice were treated with naphthalene [0, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg–1, intraperitoneally (i.p.)]. After 24 h, BALF and lung tissues were collected and prepared for 1H and J‐resolved (JRES) NMR analysis after principal component analysis (PCA). PCA modeling of p‐JRES spectra from the BALF, as well as hydrophilic and hydrophobic lung metabolites, enabled the high‐dose group to be discriminated from the control group; increased levels of isopropanol, ethane, and acetone and lower levels of ethanol, acetate, formate, and glycerophosphocholine were detected in the BALF of mice treated with higher doses of naphthalene. Furthermore, increased isopropanol and phosphorylcholine‐containing lipid levels and decreased succinate and glutamine levels were discovered in the lungs of naphthalene‐exposed mice. These metabolic changes may be related to lipid peroxidation, disruptions of membrane components and imbalanced energy supply, and these results may partially explain the loss of cell membrane integrity in the airway epithelial cells of naphthalene‐treated mice. We conclude that NMR‐based metabolomic studies on BALF and lung tissues are a powerful tool to understand the mechanisms underlying respiratory toxicity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of diesel exhaust exposure on blood–brain barrier integrity and function in a murine model
Authors: Heidari Nejad Sayeh , Takechi Ryusuke , Mullins Benjamin J. , Giles Corey , Larcombe Alexander N. , Bertolatti Dean , Rumchev Krassi , Dhaliwal Satvinder , Mamo John 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTEpidemiological studies indicate that exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) is associated with vascular‐based disorders. To investigate the effect of DE on blood–brain barrier (BBB) function and integrity, 8‐week‐old BALB/c mice were randomized to DE in a cyclical treatment regimen over a 2‐week period. Functional integrity of BBB was determined by considering brain parenchymal abundance of IgG within the hippocampal formation and cortex at 6 h and 24 h intervals following final exposure treatment. Neurovascular inflammation was expressed as the abundance of glial fibrillar acidic protein. Two doses of DE were studied and compared to air‐only treated mice. Mice exposed to DE had substantially greater abundance of parenchymal IgG compared to control mice not exposed to DE. Increased parenchymal glial fibrillar acidic protein at 24 h post‐DE exposure suggested heightened neurovascular inflammation. Our findings are proof‐of‐concept that inhalation of DE can compromise BBB function and support the broader contention that DE exposure may contribute to neurovascular disease risk. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Midbrain Cues Dictate Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Towards Functional Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Kanafi Mohammad , Majumdar Debanjana , Bhonde Ramesh , Gupta Pawan , Datta Indrani 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDental pulp originating from the neural crest is considered a better source of postnatal stem cells for cell‐based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases. Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) have been shown to differentiate into cell‐types of cranial neural crest ontology; however, their ability to differentiate to functional neurons of the central nervous system remains to be studied. We hypothesized that midbrain cues might commit DPSCs to differentiate to functional dopaminergic cell‐type. As expected, DPSCs in their naïve state spontaneously expressed early and mature neuronal markers like nestin, musashi12, β tubulin III, and Map2ab. On exposure to midbrain cues (sonic hedgehog, fibroblast growth factor 8 and basic fibroblast growth factor), DPSCs showed upregulation of dopaminergic neuron‐specific transcription factors Nuclear Receptor related protein 1 (Nurr1), Engrailed 1 (En1) and paired‐like homeodomain transcription factor 3 (Pitx3) as revealed by real‐time RT‐PCR. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis showed enhanced expression of mature neuronal marker Map2ab and dopaminergic‐neuronal markers [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), En1, Nurr1, and Pitx3], with nearly 77% of the induced DPSCs positive for TH. Functional studies indicated that the induced DPSCs could secrete dopamine constitutively and upon stimulation with potassium chloride (KCl) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as measured by dopamine ELISA. Additionally, the induced DPSCs showed intracellular Ca2+ influx in the presence of KCl, unlike control DPSCs. ATP‐stimulated Ca2+ influx was observed in control and induced DPSCs, but only the induced cells secreted dopamine. Our data clearly demonstrate for the first time that DPSCs in the presence of embryonic midbrain cues show efficient propensity towards functional dopaminergic cell‐type. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1369–1377, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.