bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misoprostol versus prostaglandin E2 gel for labor induction in premature rupture of membranes after 34 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jun , Yu Yan , Xie Cui , Xiao Meiqun , Ren Lirong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundBoth misoprostol and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel are used for labor induction in women with premature rupture of membranes (PROM).ObjectivesTo evaluate studies comparing the effects of misoprostol and PGE2 gel in labor induction.Search strategyDatabases including Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant papers.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials comparing the use of misoprostol and PGE2 gel for labor induction in women with PROM were included.Data collection and analysisFor meta‐analyses, the Mantel–Haenszel method was used for dichotomous data, and the inverse variance method was used for continuous data.Main resultsFour randomized controlled studies (n = 615) were included. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the induction‐to‐delivery interval (mean difference – 4.44 hours; 95% confidence interval [CI] −9.35 to 0.48), rate of cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR] 0.90; 95% CI 0.44–1.85), and rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.57–1.38). Women receiving misoprostol had a significantly higher rate of tachysystole than did those receiving PGE2 gel (OR 4.84; 95% CI 2.46–9.54).ConclusionsMisoprostol is as efficacious and safe as PGE2 gel for labor induction in women with PROM.
Early cost‐utility analysis of general and cerebrospinal fluid‐specific Alzheimer's disease biomarkers for hypothetical disease‐modifying treatment decision in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Handels Ron L.H. , Joore Manuela A. , Tran‐Duy An , Wimo Anders , Wolfs Claire A.G. , Verhey Frans R.J. , Severens Johan L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe study aimed to determine the room for improvement of a perfect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker and the societal incremental net monetary benefit of CSF in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) assuming a hypothetical disease‐modifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment.MethodsA decision model compared current practice to a perfect biomarker and to two strategies positioning CSF as add‐on test when current practice concluded the presence or absence of AD.ResultsThe simulated MCI population was aged on average 68.3 and 49% had AD. The room for improvement by the perfect CSF test was 0.39 quality adjusted life years, €33,622 ($43,372) savings, 2.0 potential beneficial treatment years, and 1.3‐year delay in dementia conversion.DiscussionThe results indicated more potential benefit from a biomarker positioned to verify subjects who are not expected to have AD (i.e., to prevent undertreatment) rather than to verify subjects expected to have AD (prevent overtreatment). Sensitivity analyses explored different CSF positions.
Effects of enteral nutrition with parenteral glutamine supplementation on the immunological function in septic rats
Authors: Fan Jun , Wu Lidong , Li Guoping , Tao Shaoyu , Sheng Zhiyong , Meng Qingyan , Li Fengxin , Yu Lijuan , Li Li 
Published: June 2015

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of enteral nutrition (EN) with parenteral glutamine (GLN) supplementation on inflammatory response, lymphatic organ apoptosis, immunological function and survival in septic rats by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Male rats were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and two sham CLP control groups (n 10 per group). After CLP or sham CLP model and nutrition programme were completed, the GLN concentrations of plasma and tissues and several indices of immunological function including serum Ig content, circulating lymphocyte number, the CD4:CD8 ratio, the neutrophil phagocytosis index (NPI), the organ index and apoptosis of thymus and spleen, and plasma cytokine levels were determined. Moreover, the survival in septic rats was observed. The results revealed that EN with parenteral GLN supplementation remarkably increased the GLN concentrations of plasma and tissues, serum Ig content, the circulating lymphocyte number, the CD4:CD8 ratio, the indexes of thymus and spleen, NPI and survival compared with the control group (P< 0·05). In contrast, the apoptosis of thymus and spleen and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in plasma were obviously decreased compared with the control group (P< 0·05). These results show that EN with parenteral GLN supplementation diminished the release of inflammatory cytokines, attenuated lymphatic organ apoptosis, enhanced the immunological function and improved survival in septic rats.
THE SOUTHERN PROBLEM: REPRESENTING SUDAN'S SOUTHERN PROVINCES TOc. 1970
Authors: WILLIS JUSTIN 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSouthern Sudanese politicians of the 1950s and 1960s have been criticized for a rivalrous, divisive politics, which left the south disunited and vulnerable. While acknowledging that these men were a tiny, squabbling group, remote from those they sought to represent, this article suggests that they faced an impossible task. The demand to represent ‘the south’ did not come solely, or even largely, from the people who lived in the southern provinces: southern politics was heavily extraverted, pulled by the interests and prejudices of northern Sudanese, Egyptians, Britons, and others. Like other African nationalists of the time, southern Sudanese politicians struggled to weave together different levels of moral community, from the very local to the imagined nation. Yet they did so in uniquely unfavourable circumstances: subject to constant harassment and occasionally lethal violence, unable to secure political compromise, and without patronage resources. Representing the south gave these men space to talk about the increasingly desperate circumstances of those who lived in Sudan's southern provinces; but it gave them almost no space at all to negotiate a civic culture of southern politics.
De novo mutations in PLXND1 and REV3L cause Möbius syndrome
Authors: Tomas-Roca Laura , Tsaalbi-Shtylik Anastasia , Jansen Jacob G. , Singh Manvendra K. , Epstein Jonathan A. , Altunoglu Umut , Verzijl Harriette , Soria Laura , van Beusekom Ellen , Roscioli Tony , Iqbal Zafar , Gilissen Christian , Hoischen Alexander , de Brouwer Arjan P. M. , Erasmus Corrie , Schubert Dirk , Brunner Han , Pérez Aytés Antonio , Marin Faustino , Aroca Pilar , Kayserili Hülya , Carta Arturo , de Wind Niels , Padberg George W. , van Bokhoven Hans 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMöbius syndrome (MBS) is a neurological disorder that is characterized by paralysis of the facial nerves and variable other congenital anomalies. The aetiology of this syndrome has been enigmatic since the initial descriptions by von Graefe in 1880 and by Möbius in 1888, and it has been debated for decades whether MBS has a genetic or a non-genetic aetiology. Here, we report de novo mutations affecting two genes, PLXND1 and REV3L in MBS patients. PLXND1 and REV3L represent totally unrelated pathways involved in hindbrain development: neural migration and DNA translesion synthesis, essential for the replication of endogenously damaged DNA, respectively. Interestingly, analysis of Plxnd1 and Rev3l mutant mice shows that disruption of these separate pathways converge at the facial branchiomotor nucleus, affecting either motoneuron migration or proliferation. The finding that PLXND1 and REV3L mutations are responsible for a proportion of MBS patients suggests that de novo mutations in other genes might account for other MBS patients.
TCF12 is mutated in anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Authors: Labreche Karim , Simeonova Iva , Kamoun Aurélie , Gleize Vincent , Chubb Daniel , Letouzé Eric , Riazalhosseini Yasser , Dobbins Sara E. , Elarouci Nabila , Ducray Francois , de Reyniès Aurélien , Zelenika Diana , Wardell Christopher P. , Frampton Mathew , Saulnier Olivier , Pastinen Tomi , Hallout Sabrina , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Dehais Caroline , Idbaih Ahmed , Mokhtari Karima , Delattre Jean-Yves , Huillard Emmanuelle , Mark Lathrop G. , Sanson Marc , Houlston Richard S. ,   POLA Network, Adam Clovis , Andraud Marie , Aubriot-Lorton Marie-Hélène , Bauchet Luc , Beauchesne Patrick , Blechet Claire , Campone Mario , Carpentier Antoine , Carpentier Catherine , Carpiuc Ioana , Chenard Marie-Pierre , Chiforeanu Danchristian , Chinot Olivier , Cohen-Moyal Elisabeth , Colin Philippe , Dam-Hieu Phong , Desenclos Christine , Desse Nicolas , Dhermain Frederic , Diebold Marie-Danièle , Eimer Sandrine , Faillot Thierry , Fesneau Mélanie , Fontaine Denys , Gaillard Stéphane , Gauchotte Guillaume , Gaultier Claude , Ghiringhelli Francois , Godard Joel , Marcel Gueye Edouard , Sebastien Guillamo Jean , Hamdi-Elouadhani Selma , Honnorat Jerome , Louis Kemeny Jean , Khallil Toufik , Jouvet Anne , Labrousse Francois , Langlois Olivier , Laquerriere Annie , Lechapt-Zalcman Emmanuelle , Le Guérinel Caroline , Levillain Pierre-Marie , Loiseau Hugues , Loussouarn Delphine , Maurage Claude-Alain , Menei Philippe , Janette Motsuo Fotso Marie , Noel Georges , Parker Fabrice , Peoc’h Michel , Polivka Marc , Quintin-Roué Isabelle , Ramirez Carole , Ricard Damien , Richard Pomone , Rigau Valérie , Rousseau Audrey , Runavot Gwenaelle , Sevestre Henri , Christine Tortel Marie , Uro-Coste Emmanuelle , Burel-Vandenbos Fanny , Vauleon Elodie , Viennet Gabriel , Villa Chiara , Wager Michel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAnaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) are rare primary brain tumours that are generally incurable, with heterogeneous prognosis and few treatment targets identified. Most oligodendrogliomas have chromosomes 1p/19q co-deletion and an IDH mutation. Here we analysed 51 AO by whole-exome sequencing, identifying previously reported frequent somatic mutations in CIC and FUBP1. We also identified recurrent mutations in TCF12 and in an additional series of 83 AO. Overall, 7.5% of AO are mutated for TCF12, which encodes an oligodendrocyte-related transcription factor. Eighty percent of TCF12 mutations identified were in either the bHLH domain, which is important for TCF12 function as a transcription factor, or were frameshift mutations leading to TCF12 truncated for this domain. We show that these mutations compromise TCF12 transcriptional activity and are associated with a more aggressive tumour type. Our analysis provides further insights into the unique and shared pathways driving AO.
WASH and Tsg101/ALIX-dependent diversion of stress-internalized EGFR from the canonical endocytic pathway
Authors: Tomas Alejandra , Vaughan Simon O. , Burgoyne Thomas , Sorkin Alexander , Hartley John A. , Hochhauser Daniel , Futter Clare E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStress exposure triggers ligand-independent EGF receptor (EGFR) endocytosis, but its post-endocytic fate and role in regulating signalling are unclear. We show that the p38 MAP kinase-dependent, EGFR tyrosine kinase (TK)-independent EGFR internalization induced by ultraviolet light C (UVC) or the cancer therapeutic cisplatin, is followed by diversion from the canonical endocytic pathway. Instead of lysosomal degradation or plasma membrane recycling, EGFR accumulates in a subset of LBPA-rich perinuclear multivesicular bodies (MVBs) distinct from those carrying EGF-stimulated EGFR. Stress-internalized EGFR co-segregates with exogenously expressed pre-melanosomal markers OA1 and fibrillar PMEL, following early endosomal sorting by the actin polymerization-promoting WASH complex. Stress-internalized EGFR is retained intracellularly by continued p38 activity in a mechanism involving ubiquitin-independent, ESCRT/ALIX-dependent incorporation onto intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of MVBs. In contrast to the internalization-independent EGF-stimulated activation, UVC/cisplatin-triggered EGFR activation depends on EGFR internalization and intracellular retention. EGFR signalling from this MVB subpopulation delays apoptosis and might contribute to chemoresistance.
Noncontact friction via capillary shear interaction at nanoscale
Authors: Lee Manhee , Kim Bongsu , Kim Jongwoo , Jhe Wonho 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFriction in an ambient condition involves highly nonlinear interactions of capillary force, induced by the capillary-condensed water nanobridges between contact or noncontact asperities of two sliding surfaces. Since the real contact area of sliding solids is much smaller than the apparent contact area, the nanobridges formed on the distant asperities can contribute significantly to the overall friction. Therefore, it is essential to understand how the water nanobridges mediate the ‘noncontact’ friction, which helps narrow the gap between our knowledge of friction on the microscopic and macroscopic scales. Here we show, by using noncontact dynamic force spectroscopy, the single capillary bridge generates noncontact friction via its shear interaction. The pinning–depinning dynamics of the nanobridge’s contact line produces nonviscous damping, which occurs even without normal load and dominates the capillary-induced hydrodynamic damping. The novel nanofriction mechanism may provide a deeper microscopic view of macroscopic friction in air where numerous asperities exist.
Morphological plasticity of the coral skeleton under CO2-driven seawater acidification
Authors: Tambutté E. , Venn A. A. , Holcomb M. , Segonds N. , Techer N. , Zoccola D. , Allemand D. , Tambutté S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOcean acidification causes corals to calcify at reduced rates, but current understanding of the underlying processes is limited. Here, we conduct a mechanistic study into how seawater acidification alters skeletal growth of the coralStylophora pistillata. Reductions in colony calcification rates are manifested as increases in skeletal porosity at lower pH, while linear extension of skeletons remains unchanged. Inspection of the microstructure of skeletons and measurements of pH at the site of calcification indicate that dissolution is not responsible for changes in skeletal porosity. Instead, changes occur by enlargement of corallite-calyxes and thinning of associated skeletal elements, constituting a modification in skeleton architecture. We also detect increases in the organic matrix protein content of skeletons formed under lower pH. Overall, our study reveals that seawater acidification not only causes decreases in calcification, but can also cause morphological change of the coral skeleton to a more porous and potentially fragile phenotype.
A Weyl Fermion semimetal with surface Fermi arcs in the transition metal monopnictide TaAs class
Authors: Huang Shin-Ming , Xu Su-Yang , Belopolski Ilya , Lee Chi-Cheng , Chang Guoqing , Wang BaoKai , Alidoust Nasser , Bian Guang , Neupane Madhab , Zhang Chenglong , Jia Shuang , Bansil Arun , Lin Hsin , Hasan M. Zahid 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWeyl fermions are massless chiral fermions that play an important role in quantum field theory but have never been observed as fundamental particles. A Weyl semimetal is an unusual crystal that hosts Weyl fermions as quasiparticle excitations and features Fermi arcs on its surface. Such a semimetal not only provides a condensed matter realization of the anomalies in quantum field theories but also demonstrates the topological classification beyond the gapped topological insulators. Here, we identify a topological Weyl semimetal state in the transition metal monopnictide materials class. Our first-principles calculations on TaAs reveal its bulk Weyl fermion cones and surface Fermi arcs. Our results show that in the TaAs-type materials the Weyl semimetal state does not depend on fine-tuning of chemical composition or magnetic order, which opens the door for the experimental realization of Weyl semimetals and Fermi arc surface states in real materials.
Fundamental differences between glassy dynamics in two and three dimensions
Authors: Flenner Elijah , Szamel Grzegorz 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe two-dimensional freezing transition is very different from its three-dimensional counterpart. In contrast, the glass transition is usually assumed to have similar characteristics in two and three dimensions. Using computer simulations, here we show that glassy dynamics in supercooled two- and three-dimensional fluids are fundamentally different. Specifically, transient localization of particles on approaching the glass transition is absent in two dimensions, whereas it is very pronounced in three dimensions. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the relaxation time of orientational correlations is decoupled from that of the translational relaxation time in two dimensions but not in three dimensions. Last, the relationships between the characteristic size of dynamically heterogeneous regions and the relaxation time are very different in two and three dimensions. These results strongly suggest that the glass transition in two dimensions is different than in three dimensions.
Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis alters stress-associated behaviour and neuropeptide gene expression in the amygdala-hippocampus network of mice
Authors: Reichmann Florian , Hassan Ahmed Mostafa , Farzi Aitak , Jain Piyush , Schuligoi Rufina , Holzer Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPsychological stress causes disease exacerbation and relapses in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Since studies on stress processing during visceral inflammation are lacking, we investigated the effects of experimental colitis as well as psychological stress on neurochemical and neuroendocrine changes as well as behaviour in mice. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and water avoidance stress (WAS) were used as mouse models of colitis and mild psychological stress, respectively. We measured WAS-associated behaviour, gene expression and proinflammatory cytokine levels within the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus as well as plasma levels of cytokines and corticosterone in male C57BL/6N mice. Animals with DSS-induced colitis presented with prolonged immobility during the WAS session, which was associated with brain region-dependent alterations of neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY receptor Y1, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH receptor 1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glucocorticoid receptor gene expression. Furthermore, the combination of DSS and WAS increased interleukin-6 and growth regulated oncogene-α levels in the brain. Altered gut-brain signalling in the course of DSS-induced colitis is thought to cause the observed distinct gene expression changes in the limbic system and the aberrant molecular and behavioural stress responses. These findings provide new insights into the effects of stress during IBD.
High incidence of functional ion-channel abnormalities in a consecutive Long QT cohort with novel missense genetic variants of unknown significance
Authors: Steffensen Annette Buur , Refaat Marwan M. , David Jens-Peter , Mujezinovic Amer , Calloe Kirstine , Wojciak Julianne , Nussbaum Robert L. , Scheinman Melvin M. , Schmitt Nicole 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a disorder characterized by a prolongation of the QT interval and a propensity to ventricular tachyarrhythmias, which may lead to syncope, cardiac arrest, or sudden death. Our objective was to (1) determine the incidence of variants with unknown significance (VUS) in a cohort of consecutive LQTS patients and (2) to determine the percentage of those with novel missense VUS that have demonstrable functional channel abnormalities from a single referral center. We performed genetic screening of candidate genes in 39 probands with a diagnosis of LQTS to identify mutations and variants. Seven variants of unknown significance were identified, six were missense variants and one was a splice site variant. We investigated the six novel missense VUS in five patients; three missense variants in KCNQ1 (L236R, W379R, Y522S) and three missense variants in KCNH2 (R35W, S620G, V491I). We employed two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments in Xenopus laevis oocytes and confocal imaging to characterize the novel missense mutations functionally. We revealed electrophysiological and trafficking loss-of-function phenotypes. This report emphasizes the frequency of adverse channel function in patients with LQTS and the importance of heterologous studies to define channel function.
Tungsten Ditelluride: a layered semimetal
Authors: Lee Chia-Hui , Silva Eduardo Cruz , Calderin Lazaro , Nguyen Minh An T. , Hollander Matthew J. , Bersch Brian , Mallouk Thomas E. , Robinson Joshua A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTungsten ditelluride (WTe2) is a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) with physical and electronic properties that make it attractive for a variety of electronic applications. Although WTe2 has been studied for decades, its structure and electronic properties have only recently been correctly described. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the structure, dynamics and electronic properties of WTe2 and verify that WTe2 has its minimum energy configuration in a distorted 1T structure (Td structure), which results in metallic-like transport. Our findings unambiguously confirm the metallic nature of WTe2, introduce new information about the Raman modes of Td-WTe2 and demonstrate that Td-WTe2 is readily oxidized via environmental exposure. Finally, these findings confirm that, in its thermodynamically favored Td form, the utilization of WTe2 in electronic device architectures such as field effect transistors may need to be reevaluated.
Plasmonic silver quantum dots coupled with hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays photoelectrodes for efficient visible-light photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lian Zichao , Wang Wenchao , Xiao Shuning , Li Xin , Cui Yingying , Zhang Dieqing , Li Guisheng , Li Hexing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA plasmonic Ag/TiO2 photocatalytic composite was designed by selecting Ag quantum dots (Ag QDs) to act as a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) photosensitizer for driving the visible-light driven photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Vertically oriented hierarchical TiO2 nanotube arrays (H-TiO2-NTAs) with macroporous structure were prepared through a two-step method based on electrochemical anodization. Subsequently, Ag QDs, with tunable size (1.3-21.0 nm), could be uniformly deposited on the H-TiO2 NTAs by current pulsing approach. The unique structure of the as-obtained photoelectrodes greatly improved the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The as-obtained Ag/H-TiO2-NTAs exhibited strong visible-light absorption capability, high photocurrent density and enhanced photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) activity toward photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The enhancement in the photoelectric conversion efficiency and activity was ascribed to the synergistic effects of silver and the unique hierarchical structures of TiO2 nanotube arrays, strong SPR effect and anti-shielding effect of ultrafine Ag QDs.
Synergetic effect of metal nickel and graphene as a cocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via dye sensitization
Authors: Zhang Weiying , Li Yuexiang , Zeng Xianping , Peng Shaoqin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExploiting new, low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is important to resolve the energy crisis and environment pollution. In this work, graphene decorated with Ni nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via one-pot reduction using graphene oxide (GO, the obtained composite was denoted as GN) as a precursor. The as-prepared composite GN exhibits much better electrocatalytic and dye-sensitized HER activities than single Ni and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), namely, a great synergetic effect of RGO and Ni for HER. The coupling of metal Ni with the defect carbons of RGO plays a key role in the synergetic effect. The structure of GN composites is another key factor to the synergetic effect. The highest apparent quantum yield (AQY) for dye-sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution at 470 nm reaches 30.3% under the optimal conditions.