bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Care of the Febrile Young Infant &lt;90 Days in US Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , Thurm Cary , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Alessandrini Evaline A. , Williams Derek J. , Shah Samir S. , Nigrovic Lise E. , McCulloh Russell J. , Schondelmeyer Amanda , Tieder Joel S. , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Variation in patient care or outcomes may indicate an opportunity to improve quality of care. We evaluated the variation in testing, treatment, hospitalization rates, and outcomes of febrile young infants in US pediatric emergency departments (EDs).METHODS:Retrospective cohort study of infants &lt;90 days of age with a diagnosis code of fever who were evaluated in 1 of 37 pediatric EDs between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2013. We assessed patient- and hospital-level variation in testing, treatment, and disposition for patients in 3 distinct age groups: ≤28, 29 to 56, and 57 to 89 days. We also compared interhospital variation for 3-day revisits and revisits resulting in hospitalization.RESULTS:We identified 35 070 ED visits that met inclusion criteria. The proportion of patients who underwent comprehensive evaluation, defined as urine, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid testing, decreased with increasing patient age: 72.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.0–73.0) of neonates ≤28 days, 49.0% (95% CI, 48.2–49.8) of infants 29 to 56 days, and 13.1% (95% CI, 12.5–13.6) of infants 57 to 89 days. Significant interhospital variation was demonstrated in testing, treatment, and hospitalization rates overall and across all 3 age groups, with little interhospital variation in outcomes. Hospitalization rate in the overall cohort did not correlate with 3-day revisits (R2 = 0.10, P = .06) or revisits resulting in hospitalization (R2 = 0.08, P = .09).CONCLUSIONS:Substantial patient- and hospital-level variation was observed in the ED management of the febrile young infant, without concomitant differences in outcomes. Strategies to understand and address the modifiable sources of variation are needed.
Design and Rationale of Gulf locals with Acute Coronary Syndrome Events (Gulf Coast) Registry
Authors: Zubaid Mohammad , Thani Khalid Bin , Rashed Wafa , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Alrawahi Najib , Ridha Mustafa , Akbar Mousa , Alenezi Fahad , Alhamdan Rashed , Almahmeed Wael , Ouda Hussam , Al-Mulla Arif , Baslaib Fahad , Shehab Abdulla , Alnuaimi Abdulla , Amin Haitham , Krumholz Harlan M 
Published: September 2014

Objectives:
To describe the risk profile, management and one-year outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Gulf region of the Middle East.

Subjects and Methods:
The Gulf locals with acute coronary syndrome events (Gulf COAST) registry is a prospective, multinational, longitudinal, observational, cohort-based registry of consecutive citizens, from the Gulf region of the Middle East, admitted from January 2012 to January 2013 to 29 hospitals with a diagnosis of ACS. Data entered online included patient demographics, cardiovascular risk profiles, past medical history, physical findings on admission, in-hospital diagnostic tests and therapeutic management, as well as one year outcomes.

Results:
3188 patients were recruited. The mean age was 60.4 &#x0026;#x00B1; 12.6years (range: 22-112), 2104 (66%) were males and 1084 (34%) females. The discharge diagnosis was ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 741 (23.2%), new-onset left bundle branch block myocardial infarction (LBBBMI) in 30 (0.9%), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in 1486 (46.6%) and unstable angina in 931 (29.2%). At hospital presentation, 2105 (66%), 1779 (55.8%), 1703 (53.4%) and 740 (23.2%) had history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and active smoking, respectively.

Conclusion:
Patients with ACS in our region are young with very high risk profile. The Gulf COAST registry is an example of successful regional collaboration and will provide information on contemporary management of ACS in the region.
Peripheral Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma in Adolescent Age: Clinico-Pathological and Immunohistochemical Analisys of a Case
Authors: Oteri Giacomo , Lentini Maria , Pisano Michele , Cicciù Marco 
Published: September 2014

The Extraosseous or Peripheral Ameloblastoma (PA) is a rare and benign odontogenic tumour, representing 1% to 5% of all ameloblastomas. It is usually localized in the soft oral tissues, without deep bone involvement. Its biological behaviour is specific, and several authors define PA as a non-infiltrating hamartomatous lesion. Indeed, recurrences rarely occur and progression in malignant tumors appears to be rare.
The PA originates from the tooth-forming apparatus and it consists of proliferating odontogenic epithelium, exhibiting the same histological cell types and patterns of the intraosseous counterpart or infiltrating ameloblastoma.
The peripheral desmoplastic ameloblastoma (PDA) can be classified as a newly recognized and very rare histological variant. To our knowledge, only a few cases of adult patients affected by PDA have been published.
The aim of this paper is to report a case of PDA affecting an adolescent patient. The clinical-pathological and immunohistological features are discussed in order to improve knowledge regarding a correct diagnosis and to differentiate PDA lesions from similar diseases.
What is the Best Root Surface Treatment for Avulsed Teeth?
Authors: Tuna Elif B , Yaman Duygu , Yamamato Seiko 
Published: September 2014

Dental avulsion is the most severe type of traumatic tooth injuries since it causes damage to several structures and results in avulsion of the tooth from its socket. Management protocols for avulsed teeth should include management of the pulp and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in order to improve the long-term prognosis and survival of these teeth. The prognosis of the treatment as well as the survival of an avulsed tooth depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as the duration of the tooth’s extra-alveolar period, replantation time, the type of storage medium, PDL status and duration of splinting.
Recent research has led to the development of storage media. However, there is not yet a single solution that fulfills all requirements to be considered as the ideal medium for temporary storage of avulsed teeth, and research on this field should carry on. On the other hand in case of delayed replantation, due to the great risk of tooth loss after avulsion, different root surface treatments have been proposed to prevent and delay root resorption before replantation. For this purpose, researchers have applied some different root surface treatment modalities in delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. Several protocols have been used to maintain PDL viability; some involve fluorides, steroids, sodium alendronate, enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2). Among these applications, bFGF shows promising results in the regeneration of natural tooth structures and tissues. Better understanding of mechanism of bFGF may help to improve new technologies of regeneration of tooth structures.
Early Identification of Acute Kidney Injury after Bariatric Surgery: Role of NGAL and Cystatin C
Authors: Anna Sidoti , Marilu Giacalone , Antonio Abramo , Marco Anselmino , Donadio Carlo , Di Salvo laudio , Francesco Giunta , Francesco Forfori 
Published: September 2014

Background:
The aim of our study was to evaluate plasmatic and urinary NGAL and serum cystatin C as early
diagnostic markers of acute kidney injury in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Methods:
For this this prospective observational study, we recruited 23 patients undergoing gastric by-pass or sleeve
gastrectomy, and admitted to the Low Dependence Unit after the surgery. Plasma NGAL (pNGAL), urinary NGAL
(uNGAL), serum cystatin C, serum creatinine, and serum urea were measured before surgery as well as 10 h and 24 h
after surgery.
Mean values of pNGAL, uNGAL, cystatin C, creatinine, and urea concentrations of pre- and post-surgery periods were
compared using Student’s t test for paired data. We also evaluated the presence of correlation between modifications of
NGAL and cystatin C after surgery and fluid balance, hydration (ml/kg) and diuresis using Pearson’s coefficient of
correlation.

Results:
No patient developed AKI according to the AKIN criteria. pNGAL was significantly higher at T10h than T0 (p=0.004). There was no significant difference between uNGAL at T0 and T10h (p=0.53) and between uNGAL at T0 and
T24h (p=0.31). uNGAL at T was significantly higher in comparison to T10h (p=0.024). uNGAL concentrations were
normal in all patients at every time step.
Cystatin C concentration did not increase after surgery.
Serum creatinine level was significantly higher at T48h, despite being still within the normal range, when compared to T0
(p=0.038).

Conclusion:
Our study shows that pNGAL can reflect mild tubular damage as its levels increase within a few hours from
surgery and return to normal limits afterwards. Concerning uNGAL, there is a minimal increase at T24h, when NGAL
concentration in plasma has already decreased. Serum cystatin C does not show any relevant kidney changes, or at least,
no more than those ones shown by pNGAL.
Unresolved Issues Regarding the U.S. Foreign Tax Credit: A Case of the United Kingdom Windfall Tax
Authors: Vermeer Beth Y. , Greenstein Brian R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
In May 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court decided PPL Corp. & Subsidiaries v. Comm'r to resolve a split between the Third and Fifth Circuit Courts of Appeals regarding whether the U.K. windfall tax constitutes a creditable tax under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 901. The results of this case have policy implications reaching far beyond a one-time foreign tax credit of $488 million for the three U.S. companies affected. In the Supreme Court decision on the U.K. windfall tax, the justices affirmed the substance over form approach to the net gain criteria in the Treasury Regulations and, thus, agreed that the foreign taxes should be creditable in this case. However, the justices left open the interpretation of the predominant character test, leaving unresolved issues regarding how this test should be interpreted in future cases and, specifically, what effect outliers may have on future interpretations of the foreign tax credit regulations. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe the origins of the U.K. windfall tax; highlight the Tax Court, Circuit Courts of Appeals, and Supreme Court decisions; and discuss the potential consequences for future tax policy stemming from this issue.
CO2 Laser Glazing Treatment of a Veneering Porcelain: Effects on Porosity, Translucency, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sgura R , Reis MC dos , Salvadori MC , Hernandes AC , Cesar PF , Medeiros IS 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARY
This work tested CO2 laser as a glazing agent and investigated the effects of irradiation on the porosity, translucency, and mechanical properties of veneering porcelain. Sixty discs (diameter 3.5 × 2.0 mm) of veneering porcelain for Y-TZP frameworks (VM9, VITA Zahnfabrik) were sintered and had one of their faces mirror polished. The specimens were divided into six groups (n=10/group) according to surface treatment, as follows: no treatment–control; auto-glaze in furnace following manufacturer's instructions (G); and CO2 laser (45 or 50 W/cm2) applied for four or five minutes (L45/4, L45/5, L50/4, L50/5). Optical microscopy (Shimadzu, 100×) was conducted and the images were analyzed with Image J software for the determination of the following porosity parameters: area fraction, average size, and Feret diameter. The translucency parameter studied was masking ability, determined by color difference (ΔE) over black and white backgrounds (CM3370d, Konica Minolta). Microhardness and fracture toughness (indentation fracture) were measured with a Vickers indenter (HMV, Shimadzu). Contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) (50 × 50 μm2, Nanoscope IIIA, Veeco) was performed at the center of one sample from each group, except in the case of L45/5. With regard to porosity and translucency parameters, auto-glazed and laser-irradiated specimens presented statistical similarity. The area fraction of the surface pores ranged between 2.4% and 5.4% for irradiated specimens. Group L50/5 presented higher microhardness when compared to the G group. The higher (1.1) and lower (0.8) values for fracture toughness (MPa.m1/2) were found in laser-irradiated groups (L50/4 and L45/4, respectively). AFM performed after laser treatment revealed changes in porcelain surface profile at a submicrometric scale, with the presence of elongated peaks and deep valleys.
The Transformation of Energy Risk in the Baltic States
Authors: Leonavičius Vylius , Genys Dainius 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of the article is to reveal the process of energy risk transformation, which creates concrete hazards for citizens of the Baltic States. The article analyzes two sides of the same problem - district heating (DH) and the renovation of multi-apartment houses. The article will show that the transformation of energy risk is affected by the legacy of a specific constellation of technological, economic and social elements of Soviet infrastructure that appears in a specific and particularly precarious shape under conditions of liberal market capitalism as regards energy security.
The article consists of four parts. The first part describes the issue of district heating and shows its relation with social science. The second part describes the relation of energy risk with modernization and shows how the change of structural conditions (change from industrial society to risk society) transform concrete aspects of energy system (DH whichwere build to meet society’s need) from less risky to a serious hazard for society (which due to the rise of risk society no longer satisfies society’s needs and becomes an unsolvable problem). The third part discusses the two aspects of state socialism housing policy: social and economic. The social aspect of Soviet housing policy was a part of society's social homogenization, carried out by Soviet authorities. The economic aspect refers to the Soviet state's priorities that pushed the housing provision into the periphery of social policy. The fourth part discusses the attempts of already independent countries to solve DH problems. It is demonstrated that active and independent decisions requiring business model was imposed on passive society strongly dependent upon government decisions. Therefore, the renovation process of multi-apartment houses is complicated. The switchover to a market economy after the emergence of private property and rise of energy prices as well as the state's inability to subsidize the DH to a large extent, have highlighted the losses resulting from the multi-apartment buildings’ poor quality.
Shock structures in the Morasko meteorite - preliminary SEM data
Authors: Brachaniec Tomasz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper is a preliminary review of main shock deformations in the Morasko meteorite. Three main types of metamorphism structures occur in the investigated material: (i) brittle, (ii) plastic and (iii) thermal. Their interpretation may indicate, that Morasko meteorite reveals several stages of shock, eg.: extraterrestrial collisions and fall on the Earth
In situ measurements of natural radioactivity in selected igneous rocks of the Opava Mountain region
Authors: Dżaluk Agnieszka , Malczewski Dariusz , Żaba Jerzy , Dziurowicz Maria 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In situ gamma-ray measurements of four igneous rocks were taken in the Opava Mountains (Eastern Sudetes, Poland). The activity of naturally occurring radionuclides was measured using a portable GX3020 gamma-ray spectrometry workstation. The activity concentrations of 40K varied from 914 ± 17 Bqkg-1 (gneiss, Kamienna Góra) to 2019 ± 37 Bqkg-1 (weathered granite, Sławniowice), while those of 232Th from 7.5 ± 0.6 Bqkg-1 (weathered granite, Sławniowice) to 68 ± 0.9 Bqkg-1 (migmatitic gneiss, Nadziejów). The activities associated with 238U decay series ranged from 10 ± 0.4 Bqkg-1 (weathered granite, Sławniowice) to 62 ± 1.6 Bqkg-1 (gneiss, Kamienna Góra). The results will be used in compiling Radiological Atlas of the Sudetes
Ordovician Jeleniów Claystone Formation of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland – Reconstruction of redox conditions using pyrite framboid study
Authors: Smolarek Justyna , Marynowski Leszek , Trela Wiesław 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of this research is to reconstruct palaeoredox conditions during sedimentation of the Jeleniów Claystone Formation deposits, using framboid pyrite diameter measurements. Analysis of pyrite framboids diameter distribution is an effective method in the palaeoenvironmental interpretation which allow for a more detailed insight into the redox conditions, and thus the distinction between euxinic, dysoxic and anoxic conditions. Most of the samples is characterized by framboid indicators typical for anoxic/euxinic conditions in the water column, with average (mean) values ranging from 5.29 to 6.02 μm and quite low standard deviation (SD) values ranging from 1.49 to 3.0. The remaining samples have shown slightly higher values of framboid diameter typical for upper dysoxic conditions, with average values (6.37 to 7.20 μm) and low standard deviation (SD) values (1.88 to 2.88). From the depth of 75.5 m till the shallowest part of the Jeleniów Claystone Formation, two samples have been examined and no framboids has been detected. Because secondary weathering should be excluded, the lack of framboids possibly indicates oxic conditions in the water column. Oxic conditions continue within the Wólka Formation based on the lack of framboids in the ZB 51.6 sample
A Predictive Model of Multi-Stage Production Planning for Fixed Time Orders
Authors: Kozłowski Edward , Terkaj Walter , Gola Arkadiusz , Hajduk Mikuláš , Świć Antoni 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The traditional production planning model based upon a deterministic approach is well described in the literature. Due to the uncertain nature of manufacturing processes, such model can however incorrectly represent actual situations on the shop floor. This study develops a mathematical modeling framework for generating production plans in a multistage manufacturing process. The devised model takes into account the stochastic model for predicting the occurrence of faulty products. The aim of the control model is to determine the number of products which should be manufactured in each planning period to minimize both manufacturing costs and potential financial penalties for failing to fulfill the order completely.
Confounding Factors of the Diabetes - Metformin - Cancer Relationship
Authors: Aldea Mihaela , Craeiun Lucian , Popescu Tiberiu , Nenu Iuliana , Crivii Carmen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
An increasing wealth of knowledge in oncology and diabetes points to metformin, the most widely used oral anti-diabetic worldwide, as a potential anticancer drug. Metformin has not only been shown to reduce the risk of developing cancer, but recent studies have also highlighted the impact that this drug might have on cancer aggressiveness, progression and survival. Several categories of confounding factors, some of them not taken into account in current clinical studies, may lead to an incorrect estimation of the true effect that metformin might have in cancer patients. It is important to assess whether the insulin lowering effects of metformin may constitute the main antineoplastic mechanism of action or if this may be due to an underlying direct effect. Such reasons warrant that new prospective research should take into account patient insulin levels, the duration and doses of metformin treatment and also include a cohort of non-diabetic patients for comparison. Measurement of the optimal antineoplastic dosage of metformin and proper quantification of established confounding factors will likely lead to a better understanding and estimation of metformin’s true anti-cancer effects, ultimately resulting in a better clinical management for diabetic patients with cancer.
New media, social capital and transnational migration: Slovaks in the UK
Authors: Lášticová Barbara 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates Slovak migrants’ use of new media to build social capital. It draws on data from a pilot study with 36 Slovaks living in the UK, and on content analysis of the main Facebook page for Czechs and Slovaks in the UK. The data suggest that Facebook is used for sharing emotions rather than to build a community and share practical information. While Facebook and Skype are used to maintain preexisting strong ties in the country of origin, face-to-face contact and mobile phones are used to maintain ties within the UK. However, social media do not seem to facilitate the formation of weak ties prior to migration, with face-to-face contact being dominant upon arrival. Transnational migration experience forms a separate dimension within the participants’ identity, independent from social capital. The data are discussed in relation to findings from previous studies about Slovak migrants in the Republic of Ireland.
Changes in the serum protein electrophoretic pattern in lambs during the first month of life
Authors: Nagy Oskar , Tóthová Csilla , Nagyová Veronika , Kováč Gabriel , Pošivák Ján 
Published: September 2014

Studies of the changes in serum protein pattern in the neonatal period in animals are still limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the concentrations of serum protein fractions in 7 clinically healthy merino lambs (4 males, 3 females) during their first month of life. The first blood sampling was performed before the colostrum intake and then at 1, 2, 7, 14 and 30 days of age. Blood serum was analysed for total serum protein concentrations and for the relative and absolute values of serum protein fractions - albumin, alpha1- (α1), alpha2- (α2), beta- (β), and gamma- (γ) globulins. The results showed a significant effect of age on the serum total protein concentrations and for all the protein fractions. The concentrations of total proteins and γ-globulins increased significantly 1 day after the colostrum intake (P< 0.001); then decreased gradually till the end of the 1st month. An opposite trend was observed in the concentrations of albumin. A significant decrease of values was found 1 day after the intake of colostrum (P< 0.001) with a subsequent progressive increase of values till the end of the evaluated period. The relative concentrations of α1-globulins significantly decreased during the first month of life (P< 0.001). On the other hand, the relative values of α2- and β-globulins increased significantly from birth till the end of the monitored period (P< 0.001). Our results suggest that the serum protein electrophoretic pattern in growing lambs is significantly influenced by the age of the evaluated animal, and this should be taken into consideration when interpreting the serum protein profile. Our findings extend existing knowledge about significant changes in the protein profile associated with the physiological adaptation process in the neonatal period in young animals.