bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano‐encapsulated flaxseed oil has the potential to enhance omega‐3 fatty acid profile and modulate hepatic fatty acid–related gene expression in broiler chickens
Authors: Miraeez Seyedeh Fatemeh , Abbasi Fatemeh , Ansari Mahdi , Samadi Firooz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChicken meat enrichment with n − 3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) is a viable delivery route for these bioactive compounds to humans. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of nano‐constructed flaxseed oil on growth performance, the deposition of n − 3 LCPUFA in meat, and the expression of some hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism. One hundred and eighty‐one‐day‐old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to three treatments. Birds received either basal diet (control), FlxO (basal diet plus 1 mL kg−1 body weight [BW] oral flaxseed oil), or NanoFlxO (basal diet plus 1 mL kg−1 BW oral flaxseed oil nanoemulsion) treatments. In comparison to the control, both bulk and nano‐form flaxseed oil resulted in increased BW but decreased feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Birds in the NanoFlxO group had a reduced saturated fatty acid content of breast meat compared to the control group (p > 0.05). The breast meat was more effective than thigh muscle in the accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid following NanoFlxo treatment. The ratio of n − 6/n − 3 PUFA was significantly lower in the breast and thigh meats following both flaxseed oil treatments. The n − 3 LCPUFA incorporation rate was two times higher in broilers that were given NanoFlxO in comparison to those fed FlaxO. The highest transcript levels of acyl coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase 1, lipoprotein lipase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were observed in birds fed NanoFlxO. In conclusion, NanoFlxO has a promising potential to enrich the n − 3 LCPUFA content of chicken meat as well as improve lipid metabolism.Practical Applications: This study offers further insights into the fortification of chicken meat with omega‐3 fatty acids, essential nutrients that cannot be synthesized by human body but are crucial for overall health. In a wider perspective, this could serve as a safe and practical approach to produce omega‐3 enriched meat rather than relying on supplements that may have potential side effects. Moreover, the findings of this research could pave the way to utilize nanocarriers in upcoming research in the fields of bioactive‐enriched poultry products.
Prof. Dr. Sandeep Verma,*[a] and Prof. Dr. Alexander Heckel*[b]
Authors: Verma Sandeep , Heckel Alexander Heckel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the research collaboration between Indian and German scientists has flourished, underscored by a deep commitment to fostering collaboration in science across various domains between the two countries. Held since 2006, the Indo‐German Chemistry Workshops have been a testament to this collaborative spirit. These workshops, organized by various hosts, have alternated between locations in India and Germany. The purpose of these workshops is to bring together scientists from different disciplines of chemical sciences and chemical engineering, and work on diverse emerging topics to form new alliances and joint publications, while preparing ground for new projects. They have been instrumental in breaking down disciplinary barriers and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations having the potential for groundbreaking innovations. This Guest Editorial introduces Indo‐German Workshop series and their high‐quality research output showcased as “Research consortia & Institute Features: Indo‐German Workshops (2011–2022)” – a joint special collection from the European Journal of Organic Chemistry (EurJOC), Chemistry‐A European Journal (CEJ) and Chemistry‐An Asian Journal (CAJ). This collection highlights important contributions to various domains of chemistry through research articles and reviews authored by faculty members from different institutes in India and Germany, who were past participants of these Indo‐German workshops.
Sub‐bundle based analysis reveals the role of human optic radiation in visual working memory
Authors: Wang Yanming , Wang Huan , Hu Sheng , Nguchu Benedictor Alexander , Zhang Du , Chen Shishuo , Ji Yang , Qiu Bensheng , Wang Xiaoxiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhite matter (WM) functional activity has been reliably detected through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Previous studies have primarily examined WM bundles as unified entities, thereby obscuring the functional heterogeneity inherent within these bundles. Here, for the first time, we investigate the function of sub‐bundles of a prototypical visual WM tract—the optic radiation (OR). We use the 7T retinotopy dataset from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to reconstruct OR and further subdivide the OR into sub‐bundles based on the fiber's termination in the primary visual cortex (V1). The population receptive field (pRF) model is then applied to evaluate the retinotopic properties of these sub‐bundles, and the consistency of the pRF properties of sub‐bundles with those of V1 subfields is evaluated. Furthermore, we utilize the HCP working memory dataset to evaluate the activations of the foveal and peripheral OR sub‐bundles, along with LGN and V1 subfields, during 0‐back and 2‐back tasks. We then evaluate differences in 2bk‐0bk contrast between foveal and peripheral sub‐bundles (or subfields), and further examine potential relationships between 2bk‐0bk contrast and 2‐back task d‐prime. The results show that the pRF properties of OR sub‐bundles exhibit standard retinotopic properties and are typically similar to the properties of V1 subfields. Notably, activations during the 2‐back task consistently surpass those under the 0‐back task across foveal and peripheral OR sub‐bundles, as well as LGN and V1 subfields. The foveal V1 displays significantly higher 2bk‐0bk contrast than peripheral V1. The 2‐back task d‐prime shows strong correlations with 2bk‐0bk contrast for foveal and peripheral OR fibers. These findings demonstrate that the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signals of OR sub‐bundles encode high‐fidelity visual information, underscoring the feasibility of assessing WM functional activity at the sub‐bundle level. Additionally, the study highlights the role of OR in the top‐down processes of visual working memory beyond the bottom‐up processes for visual information transmission. Conclusively, this study innovatively proposes a novel paradigm for analyzing WM fiber tracts at the individual sub‐bundle level and expands understanding of OR function.
Can Marburg virus be sexually transmitted?
Authors: Karami Hassan , Letafati Arash , Fakhr Somayeh Sadat Hosseini 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimMarburg virus (MARV) is a highly virulent virus of animal origin and the cause of a lethal infection (known as Marburg virus disease [MVD]) with a case‐fatality ratio ranging from 24% to 90%. While the potential nonzoonotic routes of virus spread are plausible, the risk is not yet fully determined. Here, we described the ways by which MARV spreads within the human population focusing mainly on the potential of sexual transmission. In addition, we addressed some measures that should be taken to minimize the risk of sexual spread of the virus and proposed a future research agenda on the risk of sexual transmission.MethodsFor this perspective, we searched four electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and included the most relevant studies published since the first identification of the virus in 1967. We used “Marburg virus,” “Marburg virus disease,” “Seminal fluid,” “Sexually‐transmitted virus,” “Sexual transmission,” and “Emerging infectious disease” as keywords.ResultsMARV is transmitted to humans via both direct and indirect contact with infected animals (most importantly bats) and individuals who have recently been diagnosed with or died of the disease. The virus transmission through sexual contact has been previously suspected (exclusively from men to their sexual partners). Studies suggest that this virus persists predominantly in testicular Sertoli cells within seminiferous tubules over a relatively long period and is released through seminal fluid (in some reports >200 days post onset of infection) both could potentially threaten sexual health. In addition to men, women could theoretically, although less probably contribute to the sexual transmission of the disease.ConclusionMVD, however, rarely, could be passed through sex, and men appear to be the main carriers in this regard. Taking preventive countermeasures and practicing safe sex are recommended to reduce the risk of interhuman transmission.
Ductile inorganic semiconductors for deformable electronics
Authors: Li Xiaocui , Chen Fu‐Rong , Lu Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditionally, it is relatively easy to process metal materials and polymers (plastics), while ceramic and inorganic semiconductor materials are hard to process, due to their intrinsic brittleness caused by directional covalent bonds or the strong electrostatic interactions among ionic species. The brittleness of semiconductor materials, which may degrade their functional performance and cause catastrophic failures, has excluded them from many application scenarios. The exploration on room‐temperature ductile semiconductors has been a long pursuit of mankind for fabricating deformable and more robust electronics. Guided by this goal, researchers have already found that the plasticity of brittle semiconductors can be enhanced by size effects, which include fewer pre‐existing micro‐cracks and increased dislocation activity, charge characteristics, and defect density. It has also been explored that a few quasi‐layered/van der Waals semiconductors can have exceptional room‐temperature metal‐like plasticity, enabled by the relatively weak interlayer bonding and easy interlayer gliding. More recently, intrinsic exceptional plasticity has been found in a group of all‐inorganic perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br and I), which can be morphed into distinct morphologies through multislip at room temperature, without affecting their functional properties and bandgap energy. Based on the above research status, in this review, we will discuss and present the relevant works on the plasticity found in inorganic semiconductors and the proposed deformation mechanisms. The potential applications and bottlenecks of plastic semiconductors in manufacturing next‐generation deformable electronic/optoelectronic devices and energy systems will also be discussed.
Mechanism of desuccinylation of G6PD mediated by SIRT7 to promote vitiligo disease progression
Authors: Yang Yiyun , Long Haidong , Long Lan , Guo Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is pivotal in diverse diseases progression. Importantly, SIRT7 is associated with melanin production. However, whether SIRT7 regulates vitiligo is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of SIRT7 on pigmentation and the modification of glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD).MethodsAfter knockdown SIRT7 and G6PD, pigmentation of melanocytes was evaluated using commercial kits, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. The succinylation of G6PD mediated by SIRT7 was analyzed using co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and cycloheximide‐chase experiment.ResultsWe found that SIRT7 was highly expressed in vitiligo skin lesions. Knockdown of SIRT7 increased tyrosinase activity, melanin content, and the levels of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, MITF, TYR, TRP1, and TRP2. Additionally, SIRT7 directly interacted with G6PD. Silenced SIRT7 promoted the succinylation of G6PD and enhanced its protein stability. G6PD knockdown reversed the effect of reduced SIRT7 expression on melanin production.ConclsuionSilencing of SIRT7 promotes pigmentation of melanocytes by succinylating G6PD, suggesting that SIRT7‐mediated G6PD desuccinylation may promote vitiligo progression.
Prolonged second stage of labor and risk of postpartum hemorrhage in nullipara with epidural anesthesia and vaginal delivery: A cohort study with propensity score analysis
Authors: Liang Shuang , Zheng Wenguang , Zhao Ying , Su Baotong , Cui Hongyan , Lv Yan , Jia Yanjiu , Chen Xu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct an analysis using propensity score methods, exploring the association between a prolonged second stage (>3 h) and the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a diverse population.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study involving nullipara with epidural anesthesia and vaginal delivery, aged ≥18 years, presenting cephalically, and with a gestational age (GA) of ≥24 weeks at a tertiary maternity hospital in China (chictr.org.cn identifier: ChiCTR2200063094). Women undergoing emergency cesarean section in labor were excluded. The primary outcome was PPH, with secondary outcomes including severe postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion. We employed propensity score overlap weighting to analyze the association between prolonged second stage labor and PPH.ResultsThe study included 3643 nullipara with epidural anesthesia, comprising 77 with a second stage of labor >3 h and 3566 with a second stage ≤3 h. Utilizing propensity score overlap weighting, there were no significant differences observed between the two groups regarding the risk of PPH (29.87% in >3 h group vs 17.64% in ≤3 h group; weighted odds ratio 1.01; 95% CI: 0.51–2.02). Subgroup interaction tests for PPH were not significant for assisted vaginal delivery, induction of labor, macrosomia, third‐/fourth‐degree perineal laceration, GA >41 weeks, twin pregnancies, episiotomy and GA >37 weeks. Sensitivity analysis did not reveal significant differences.ConclusionThis study did not find evidence supporting an increased risk of PPH associated with a second stage of labor lasting >3 h in our population, providing additional evidence for clinical practice.
The value of routine hemoglobin level evaluation following elective cesarean section: Is it worthwhile?
Authors: Assaf Wisam , Gruber Maya , Shalabna Eiman , Nahshon Chen , Kedar Reuven , Lavie Ofer , Segev Yakir , Sagi‐Dain Lena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of routine hemoglobin testing following elective and urgent cesarean section (CS) in patients without primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included women who underwent vaginal delivery (VD), elective CS, and urgent CS at Carmel Medical Center from 2015 to 2020. Data were extracted from the obstetric database, excluding deliveries with PPH. Demographic and obstetric variables were recorded. Primary outcomes were the need for packed red blood cell transfusion.ResultsA total of 19 446 women were included, with five (0.3%) requiring a blood transfusion in the elective CS group, 27 (0.17%) in the VD group, and eight (0.4%) in the urgent CS group. Urgent CS was associated with a higher risk of blood transfusion, but there was no significant difference between elective CS and VD. Elective CS showed the lowest rates of post‐delivery hemoglobin below 7 g/dL 1 (0.1%) compared to VD 16 (0.6%) and urgent CS 13 (0.7%).ConclusionRoutine postoperative hemoglobin testing following elective CS in asymptomatic patients without PPH appears unnecessary. This study supports reconsidering routine hemoglobin testing following elective CS, aligning with the goal of optimizing resource utilization while maintaining patient quality.
A glimpse into the future: Integrating artificial intelligence for precision HER2‐positive breast cancer management
Authors: Deng Xinpei , Yan Yixuan , Zhan Zekai , Xie Jindong , Tang Hailin , Zou Yutian , Tu Jian , Liu Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC), specifically HER2‐positives subtype, has a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the development of anti‐HER2 therapy yielded satisfactory outcomes. Therefore, evaluating patient HER2 status and ascertaining responsiveness to anti‐HER2 therapy is crucial. The advent of deep learning has propelled the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution, leading to an increased applicability of AI in predictive models. In the field of medicine, AI is an emerging modality that is gaining momentum for facilitating cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly in the effective management of breast cancer. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of current diagnostic and predictive models that utilize data obtained from histopathological slides, radiomics, and HER2 binding sites. Advancements and practical applications of these models were also evaluated. Additionally, we examined existing obstacles that AI encounters for anti‐HER2 therapy. We also proposed future directions for integrating AI in assessing and managing anti‐HER2 therapy. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the evaluation of AI‐based anti‐HER2 therapy, emphasizing key concepts and obstacles that, if addressed, could facilitate the integration of AI‐assisted anti‐HER2 therapy. The integration of AI has the potential to enhance the precision and customization of screening and treatment protocols for HER2+ breast cancer.
Melatonin intervention to prevent nanomaterial exposure‐induced damages: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Zhou Yang , Xie Dongli , Yin Fei , Liang Yunxia , Luo Xiaogang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGiven its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, melatonin (MEL), a health‐caring food to improve sleep disorders, is hypothesized to protect against nanomaterial exposure‐induced toxicity. However, the conclusion derived from different studies seemed inconsistent. A meta‐analysis of all available preclinical studies was performed to examine the effects of MEL on nanomaterial‐induced damages. Eighteen relevant studies were retrieved through searching five electronic databases up to December 2023. The meta‐analysis showed that relative to control, MEL treatment significantly increased cell viability (standardized mean difference [SMD = 1.27]) and alleviated liver function (lowered AST [SMD = −3.89] and ALT [SMD = −5.89]), bone formation (enhanced BV/TV [SMD = 4.13] and lessened eroded bone surface [SMD = −5.40]), and brain nerve (inhibition of AChE activity [SMD = −3.60]) damages in animals. The protective mechanisms of MEL against damages caused by nanomaterial exposure were associated with its antiapoptotic (decreased Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio [SMD = −4.50] and caspase‐3 levels [dose <100 μM: SMD = −3.66]), antioxidant (decreased MDA [in vitro: SMD = −2.84; in vivo: SMD = −4.27]), and anti‐inflammatory (downregulated TNF‐α [in vitro: SMD = −5.41; in vivo: SMD = −3.21] and IL‐6 [in vitro: SMD = −5.90; in vivo: SMD = −2.81]) capabilities. In conclusion, our study suggests that MEL should be supplemented to prevent damages in populations exposed to nanomaterials.
Credit ratings and management earnings forecasts: Evidence from the Dodd–Frank act
Authors: Li Pei , Tang Leo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn compliance with legislation from the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd–Frank), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) passed a final rule in June 2012 which requires banks and savings associations to actively monitor and assess their debt investments rather than passively relying on credit ratings. The OCC specifically directs these institutions to examine default risk by focusing on “operating and financial performance.” We utilize this regulatory change to examine how greater demand for information by major institutions impacts the corporate disclosures of issuers. We focus on forward looking management earnings forecasts (MEFs) and find greater bond market reaction to MEFs after the OCC rule. These results suggest that greater demand for information by bondholders has a significant impact on the quality of issuer's forward looking corporate disclosures.
l‐Carnitine relieves cachexia‐related skeletal muscle fibrosis by inducing deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3L to negatively regulate the Runx2/COL1A1 axis
Authors: Lu Zongliang , Wang Li , Huo Zhenyu , Li Na , Tong Ning , Chong Feifei , Liu Jie , Zhang Yaowen , Xu Hongxia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia‐induced skeletal muscle fibrosis (SMF) impairs muscle regeneration, alters the muscle structure and function, reduces the efficacy of anticancer drugs, diminishes the patient's quality of life and shortens overall survival. RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a transcription factor, and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), the principal constituent of SMF, have been linked previously, with Runx2 shown to directly modulate COL1A1 mRNA levels. l‐Carnitine, a marker of cancer cachexia, can alleviate fibrosis in liver and kidney models; however, its role in cancer cachexia‐associated fibrosis and the involvement of Runx2 in the process remain unexplored.MethodsFemale C57 mice (48 weeks old) were inoculated subcutaneously with MC38 cells to establish a cancer cachexia model. A 5 mg/kg dose of l‐carnitine or an equivalent volume of water was administered for 14 days via oral gavage, followed by assessments of muscle function (grip strength) and fibrosis. To elucidate the interplay between the deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3L(DTX3L)/Runx2/COL1A1 axis and fibrosis in transforming growth factor beta 1‐stimulated NIH/3T3 cells, a suite of molecular techniques, including quantitative real‐time PCR, western blot analysis, co‐immunoprecipitation, molecular docking, immunofluorescence and Duolink assays, were used. The relevance of the DTX3L/Runx2/COL1A1 axis in the gastrocnemius was also explored in the in vivo model.Resultsl‐Carnitine supplementation reduced cancer cachexia‐induced declines in grip strength (>88.2%, P < 0.05) and the collagen fibre area within the gastrocnemius (>57.9%, P < 0.05). At the 5 mg/kg dose, l‐carnitine also suppressed COL1A1 and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) protein expression, which are markers of SMF and myofibroblasts. Analyses of the TRRUST database indicated that Runx2 regulates both COL1A1 and COL1A2. In vitro, l‐carnitine diminished Runx2 protein levels and promoted its ubiquitination. Overexpression of Runx2 abolished the effects of l‐carnitine on COL1A1 and α‐SMA. Co‐immunoprecipitation, molecular docking, immunofluorescence and Duolink assays confirmed an interaction between DTX3L and Runx2, with l‐carnitine enhancing this interaction to promote Runx2 ubiquitination. l‐Carnitine supplementation restored DTX3L levels to those observed under non‐cachectic conditions, both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of DTX3L abolished the effects of l‐carnitine on Runx2, COL1A1 and α‐SMA in vitro. The expression of DTX3L was negatively correlated with the levels of Runx2 and COL1A1 in untreated NIH/3T3 cells.ConclusionsThis study revealed a previously unrecognized link between Runx2 and DTX3L in SMF and demonstrated that l‐carnitine exerted a significant therapeutic impact on cancer cachexia‐associated SMF, potentially through the upregulation of DTX3L.