bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test of the child/adolescent Rome III criteria: agreement with physician diagnosis and daily symptoms
Authors: van Tilburg M. A. L. , Squires M. , Blois‐Martin N. , Leiby A. , Langseder A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground  Establishment of the Rome criteria advanced diagnosis of children with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. The criteria were overhauled in 2006, but these revisions were never systematically tested. The aim of the current study was to assess psychometric properties of the childhood Rome III criteria and determine how well they agree with physician diagnoses and daily symptoms.Methods  A total of N = 135 families from two pediatric gastroenterology clinics completed the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms (QPGS‐ RIII). Half of the families completed the QPGS‐RIII again in 2 weeks, the other half completed 2‐week daily diaries. Children above the age of 10 also provided data (N = 64). Physician diagnoses were obtained from the medical records.Key Results  Diagnoses: The most common diagnoses per child/parent report were Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS; 43–47%) and Abdominal Migraine (26–36%). The most frequent physician diagnoses were Functional Constipation (FC; 53%) and Functional Abdominal Pain (FAP; 29%).Reliability: Moderate to substantial agreement was found between baseline and 2‐week follow‐up for most diagnoses (kappa = .19–.78) and between parent and child reports (kappa = −.04–.64).Validity: There was low agreement between QPGS‐RIII and physician diagnosis (kappa =−.02–.34) as well as diaries (kappa = .06–30).Conclusions & Inferences  The Rome criteria have reasonable test–retest reliability and seem to be inclusive, as the majority of children obtain a diagnosis. However, validity is still an issue: The Rome criteria do not overlap well with physician diagnosis or daily symptoms. These issues will need to be addressed in future revisions of the Rome criteria.
Lack of host specificity of Colletotrichum spp. isolates associated with anthracnose symptoms on mango in Brazil
Authors: de Souza A. , Delphino Carboni R. C. , Wickert E. , de Macedo Lemos E. G. , de Goes A. 
Published: December 2012

The aim of the present study was to analyse the genetic and pathogenic variability of Colletotrichum spp. isolates from various organs and cultivars of mango with anthracnose symptoms, collected from different municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from symptomless citrus leaves and C. acutatum isolates from citrus flowers with post‐bloom fruit drop symptoms were included as controls. Sequencing of the ITS region allowed the identification of 183 C. gloeosporioides isolates from mango; only one isolate was identified as C. acutatum. amova analysis of ITS sequences showed larger genetic variability among isolates from the same municipality than among those from different populations. fAFLP markers indicated high levels of genetic variability among the C. gloeosporioides isolates from mango and no correlation between genetic variability and isolate source. Only one C. gloeosporioides mango isolate had the same genotype as the C. gloeosporioides isolates from citrus leaves, as determined by ITS sequencing and fAFLP analysis. Pathogenicity tests revealed that C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum isolates from either mango or citrus can cause anthracnose symptoms on leaves of mango cvs Palmer and Tommy Atkins and blossom blight symptoms in citrus flowers. These outcomes indicate a lack of host specificity of the Colletotrichum species and suggest the possibility of host migration.
Health Care Utilisation in the First Year of Life Among Infants of Mothers With Perinatal Depression or Anxiety
Authors: Farr Sherry L. , Dietz Patricia M. , Rizzo Joanne H. , Vesco Kimberly K. , Callaghan William M. , Bruce F. Carol , Bulkley Joanna E. , Hornbrook Mark C. , Berg Cynthia J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground:  Limited information is available on associations between maternal depression and anxiety and infant health care utilisation.Methods:  We analysed data from 24 263 infants born between 1998 and 2007 who themselves and their mothers were continuously enrolled for the infant's first year in Kaiser Permanente Northwest. We used maternal depression and anxiety diagnoses during pregnancy and postpartum to categorise infants into two depression and anxiety groups and examined effect modification by timing of diagnosis (pregnancy only, postpartum only, pregnancy and postpartum). Using generalised estimating equations in multivariable log‐linear regression, we estimated adjusted risk ratios (RR) between maternal depression and anxiety and well baby visits (<5 and ≥5), up to date immunisations (yes/no), sick/emergency visits (<6 and ≥6) and infant hospitalisation (any/none).Results:  Infants of mothers with perinatal depression or anxiety were as likely to attend well baby visits and receive immunisations as their counterparts (RR = 1.0 for all). Compared with no depression or anxiety, infants of mothers with prenatal and postpartum depression or anxiety, or postpartum depression or anxiety only were 1.1 to 1.2 times more likely to have ≥6 sick/emergency visits. Infants of mothers with postpartum depression only had marginally increased risk of hospitalisation (RR = 1.2 [95% confidence interval 1.0, 1.4]); 70% of diagnoses occurred after the infant's hospitalisation.Conclusions:  An understanding of the temporality of the associations between maternal depression and anxiety and infant acute care is needed and will guide strategies to decrease maternal mental illness and improve infant care for this population.
Trending Elective Preterm Deliveries Using Administrative Data
Authors: Korst Lisa M. , Fridman Moshe , Lu Michael C. , Fleege Laura , Mitchell Connie , Gregory Kimberly D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe propose a methodology for identifying and analysing ‘elective’ preterm births (PTBs) using administrative data, and apply this methodology to California data with the objective of providing a framework to further explore the potential rationales for early delivery.MethodsUsing the California linked birth cohorts for 1999, 2002 and 2005, singleton PTBs were identified using birth certificate gestational age ≥ 24 and <37 weeks. Through a hierarchical scheme that first removed cases with standard or ‘hard’ indications for early delivery (e.g. severe preeclampsia, placenta previa), cases of ‘elective’ PTB were identified with coding for medical intervention, that is, elective caesarean or labour induction. We calculated rates of elective PTB, with subanalyses of early (<34 weeks of gestational age) and late PTB (34 to <37 weeks of gestational age) using hierarchical logistic regression models.ResultsOf 1 387 565 singleton deliveries, 99 614 (7.2%) were preterm. Elective PTBs increased 27.7% over the 6‐year study period, with nearly all cases confined to the late PTB stratum; elective late PTB rates rose from 10.5% to 13.5% of all late PTBs (P < 0.0001). Indications for delivery in this Elective Group (‘soft indications’) included prior pelvic floor repair, mental health conditions, fetal anomalies, malpresentation and oligohydramnios. Six per cent of patients with a late PTB had a medical intervention with no hard or soft indication for delivery.ConclusionsUsing administrative data, we developed a method for identifying and trending the proportion of PTBs that is ‘elective’. This method can be used to explore and monitor potential strategies for the prevention of elective PTB.
Anogenital Distances in Newborns and Children from Spain and Greece: Predictors, Tracking and Reliability
Authors: Papadopoulou Eleni , Vafeiadi Marina , Agramunt Silvia , Basagaña Xavier , Mathianaki Kleopatra , Karakosta Polykseni , Spanaki Arianna , Koutis Antonis , Chatzi Leda , Vrijheid Martine , Kogevinas Manolis 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundAnogenital distance has been associated with prenatal exposure to chemicals with anti‐androgenic effects. There are limited data in humans concerning descriptive patterns, predictors, and the reliability of measurement of anogenital distances. We examined anogenital distance measurements and their predictors in males and females and further estimated the reliability of these measurements.MethodsAnogenital distances were measured in repeated time periods among 352 newborns and 732 young children in two cohorts, one in Crete, Greece and one in Barcelona, Spain. Mixed effect models were used to estimate the between‐children, between‐ and within‐examiners variance, as well as the reliability coefficients.ResultsGenitalia distances were longer in males than in females. Anogenital distances in both sexes increased rapidly from birth to 12 months, while the additional increase during the second year was small. Birthweight was associated with an increase of 1.9 mm/kg [95% CI 0.1, 3.8] (CI, confidence interval) in the anogenital distance measured from the anus to anterior base of the penis in newborn males, 2.9 mm/kg [95% CI 1.8, 3.9] in anoclitoral distance and 1.0 mm/kg [95% CI 0.0, 2.0] in anofourchettal distance in newborn females, after adjustment for gestational age. In children, body weight was the main predictor of all genitalia measurements. Moreover, anogenital distances at birth were associated with the corresponding distances at early childhood. High reliability coefficients (>90%) were found for all anogenital distances measurements in males and females.ConclusionsAnogenital distances are strongly related to gestational age and birthweight and later, to growth. They track through early life and are highly reliable measures in both sexes.
A new human leukocyte antigen class I allele: HLA‐A*02:374
Authors: De Zorzi M. , Caggiari L. , Crovatto M. , Talamini R. , Garziera M. , De Re V. 
Published: December 2012

HLA‐A*02:374 differs from HLA‐A*02:01:01 by one amino acid change at codon 112 where G is replaced by V.
Gene family evolution in green plants with emphasis on the origination and evolution of Arabidopsis thaliana genes
Authors: Guo Ya‐Long 
Published: December 2012

SummaryGene family size variation is an important mechanism that shapes the natural variation for adaptation in various species. Despite its importance, the pattern of gene family size variation in green plants is still not well understood. In particular, the evolutionary pattern of genes and gene families remains unknown in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in the context of green plants. In this study, eight representative genomes of green plants are sampled to study gene family evolution and characterize the origination of A. thaliana genes, respectively. Four important insights gained are that: (i) the rate of gene gains and losses is about 0.001359 per gene every million years, similar to the rate in yeast, Drosophila, and mammals; (ii) some gene families evolved rapidly with extreme expansions or contractions, and 2745 gene families present in all the eight species represent the ‘core’ proteome of green plants; (iii) 70% of A. thaliana genes could be traced back to 450 million years ago; and (iv) intriguingly, A. thaliana genes with early origination are under stronger purifying selection and more conserved. In summary, the present study provides genome‐wide insights into evolutionary history and mechanisms of genes and gene families in green plants and especially in A. thaliana.
Malaysia: A Success Story Stuck in the Middle?
Authors: Hill Hal , Yean Tham S. , Zin Ragayah H. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study examines the Malaysia development record in the context of widespread concerns that the country, and others like it, may encounter major difficulties in graduating to the ranks of high‐income economies. It stresses the country’s rapid socioeconomic development, built on openness, reasonably competent macroeconomic management and attention to equity issues. It then investigates the country’s significant slowdown in investment and economic growth since the late 1990s, and asks whether this trend is related to the more general graduation issue. Our principal conclusion is that the slowdown has less to do with the problem of graduation and more to do with a set of country‐specific institutional and political economy challenges. Thus, the current concern within the country that it is in some sense ‘stuck in the middle’ points to the need for a set of major policy reforms to accelerate growth.
The Live Attenuated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Triple-Deletion Mutant Δ
apxIC
Δ
apxIIC
Δ
apxIV
-
ORF1
Strain, SLW05, Immunizes Pigs against Lethal Challenge with Haemophilus parasuis
Authors: Fu Shulin , Ou Jiwen , Zhang Minmin , Xu Juan , Liu Huazhen , Liu Jinlin , Yuan Fangyan , Chen Huanchun , Bei Weicheng 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Haemophilus parasuis
and
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
both belong to the family
Pasteurellaceae
and are major respiratory pathogens that cause large economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. We previously constructed an attenuated
A. pleuropneumoniae
serovar 1 live vaccine prototype, SLW05 (Δ
apxIC
Δ
apxIIC
Δ
apxIV
-
ORF1
), which is able to produce nontoxic but immunogenic ApxIA, ApxIIA, and ApxIVA. This triple-deletion mutant strain was shown to elicit protective immunity against virulent
A. pleuropneumoniae
. In the present study, we investigated whether immunization with SLW05 could also protect against lethal challenge with virulent
H. parasuis
SH0165 (serovar 5) or MD0322 (serovar 4). The SLW05 strain was found to elicit a strong humoral antibody response in pigs and to confer significant protection against challenge with a lethal dose of
H. parasuis
SH0165 or MD0322. IgG subtype analysis revealed that SLW05 induces a bias toward a Th1-type immune response and stimulates interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production. Moreover, antisera from SLW05-vaccinated pigs efficiently inhibited both
A. pleuropneumoniae
and
H. parasuis
growth in a whole-blood assay. This is the first report that a live attenuated
A. pleuropneumoniae
vaccine with SLW05 can protect against lethal
H. parasuis
infection, which provides a novel approach for developing an attenuated
H. parasuis
vaccine.
Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Mosaic Vaccines Are Immunogenic in Mice and Induce Stronger T-Cell Responses than Natural Strains
Authors: Yusim Karina , Dilan Rebecca , Borducchi Erica , Stanley Kelly , Giorgi Elena , Fischer William , Theiler James , Marcotrigiano Joseph , Korber Bette , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Despite improved hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments, vaccines remain an effective and economic option for curtailing the epidemic. Mosaic protein HCV genotype 1 vaccine candidates designed to address HCV diversity were immunogenic in mice. They elicited stronger T-cell responses to NS3-NS4a and E1-E2 proteins than did natural strains, as assessed with vaccine-matched peptides.
Field Evaluation of a Broadly Sensitive HIV-1 In-House Genotyping Assay for Use with both Plasma and Dried Blood Spot Specimens in a Resource-Limited Country
Authors: Inzaule Seth , Yang Chunfu , Kasembeli Alex , Nafisa Lillian , Okonji Jully , Oyaro Boaz , Lando Richard , Mills Lisa A. , Laserson Kayla , Thomas Timothy , Nkengasong John , Zeh Clement 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTHIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) assays are important tools in clinical management of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and surveillance of drug-resistant variants at population levels. The high cost associated with commercial assays hinders their use in resource-limited settings. We adopted and validated a low-cost in-house assay using 68 matched plasma and dried blood spot (DBS) samples with a median viral load (VL) of 58,187 copies/ml, ranging from 253 to 3,264,850 against the commercial assay ViroSeq. Results indicated that the in-house assay not only had a higher plasma genotyping rate than did ViroSeq (94% versus 78%) but also was able to genotype 89.5% (51/57) of the matched DBS samples with VLs of ≥1,000 copies/ml. The sensitivity in detecting DR mutations by the in-house assay was 98.29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.86 to 98.72) on plasma and 96.54 (95% CI, 95.93 to 97.15) on DBS, and the specificity was 99.97% (95% CI, 99.91 to 100.00) for both sample types compared to ViroSeq. The minor DR mutation differences detected by the in-house assay against ViroSeq did not result in clinical significance. In addition, cost analysis showed that the in-house assay could reduce the genotyping cost by about 60% for both plasma and DBS compared to ViroSeq. This field condition evaluation highlights the potential utility of a cost-effective, subtype-independent, in-house genotyping assay using both plasma and DBS specimens for HIVDR clinical monitoring and population-based surveillance in resource-limited settings.
Zoonotic Cryptosporidium Species and Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes in HIV-Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Hongwei , Zhao Xudong , Zhang Longxian , Zhang Guoqing , Guo Meijin , Liu Lili , Feng Yaoyu , Xiao Lihua 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Molecular diagnostic tools have been used increasingly in the characterization of the transmission of cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in developing countries. However, few studies have examined the distribution of
Cryptosporidium
species and
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
genotypes in AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. In the present study, 683 HIV-positive patients in the National Free Antiretroviral Therapy Program in China and 683 matched HIV-negative controls were enrolled.
Cryptosporidium
species and subtypes and
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
genotypes were detected and differentiated by PCR and DNA sequencing. The infection rates were 1.5% and 0.15% for
Cryptosporidium
and 5.7% and 4.2% for
E. bieneusi
in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants, respectively. The majority (8/11) of
Cryptosporidium
cases were infections by zoonotic species, including
Cryptosporidium meleagridis
(5),
Cryptosporidium parvum
(2), and
Cryptosporidium suis
(1). Prevalent
E. bieneusi
genotypes detected, including EbpC (39), D (12), and type IV (7), were also potentially zoonotic. The common occurrence of EbpC was a feature of
E. bieneusi
transmission not seen in other areas. Contact with animals was a risk factor for both cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis. The results suggest that zoonotic transmission was significant in the epidemiology of both diseases in rural AIDS patients in China.
Betaretroviral Envelope Subunits Are Noncovalently Associated and Restricted to the Mammalian Class
Authors: Henzy Jamie E. , Coffin John M. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

The structure of the transmembrane subunit (TM) of the retroviral envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly conserved among most retrovirus genera and includes a pair of cysteines that forms an intramolecular disulfide loop within the ectodomain. Alpha-, gamma-, and deltaretroviruses have a third cysteine, adjacent to the loop, which forms a disulfide bond between TM and the surface subunit (SU) of Env, while lentiviruses, which have noncovalently associated subunits, lack this third cysteine. The
Betaretrovirus
genus includes Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), as well as many endogenous retroviruses. Envelope subunit association had not been characterized in the betaretroviruses, but lack of a third cysteine in the TM ectodomain suggested noncovalently associated subunits. We tested the Env proteins of JSRV and MMTV, as well as human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K)108—a betaretrovirus-like human endogenous retrovirus—for intersubunit bonding and found that, as in the lentiviruses, the Env subunits lack an intersubunit disulfide bond. Since these results suggest that the number of cysteines in the TM loop region readily distinguishes between covalent and noncovalent structure, we surveyed endogenous retroviral TM sequences in the genomes of vertebrates represented in public databases and found that (i) retroviruses with noncovalently associated subunits have been present during all of anthropoid evolution and (ii) the noncovalent
env
motif is limited to mammals, while the covalent type is found among five vertebrate classes. We discuss implications of these findings for retroviral evolution, cross-species transmissions, and recombination events involving the
env
gene.
Resistance to Two Heterologous Neurotropic Oncolytic Viruses, Semliki Forest Virus and Vaccinia Virus, in Experimental Glioma
Authors: Vähä-Koskela Markus J. V. , Le Boeuf Fabrice , Lemay Chantal , De Silva Naomi , Diallo Jean-Simon , Cox Julie , Becker Michelle , Choi Youngmin , Ananth Abhirami , Sellers Clara , Breton Sophie , Roy Dominic , Falls Theresa , Brun Jan , Hemminki Akseli , Hinkkanen Ari , Bell John C. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Attenuated Semliki Forest virus (SFV) may be suitable for targeting malignant glioma due to its natural neurotropism, but its replication in brain tumor cells may be restricted by innate antiviral defenses. We attempted to facilitate SFV replication in glioma cells by combining it with vaccinia virus, which is capable of antagonizing such defenses. Surprisingly, we found parenchymal mouse brain tumors to be refractory to both viruses. Also, vaccinia virus appears to be sensitive to SFV-induced antiviral interference.
MicroRNA miR-155 Affects Antiviral Effector and Effector Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Tsai Ching-Yi , Allie S. Rameeza , Zhang Weijun , Usherwood Edward J. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

MicroRNAs are key regulators of the immune response, but their role in CD8 T cell differentiation
in vivo
is not known. We show that miR-155 is important in both effector and memory antiviral CD8 T cell responses. Without miR-155, there was a weaker effector response and a skewing toward memory precursor cells. At the memory stage, miR-155-deficient CD8 T cells preferentially differentiated into central memory cells and were capable of mounting a potent secondary response.
Retroviral DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Repression Are Mediated by the Antiviral Host Protein Daxx
Authors: Shalginskikh Natalia , Poleshko Andrey , Skalka Anna Marie , Katz Richard A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Integrated retroviral DNA is subject to epigenetic transcriptional silencing at different frequencies. This process is mediated by repressive DNA methylation and histone modifications on viral chromatin. However, the detailed mechanisms by which retroviral silencing is initiated and maintained are not well understood. Using a model system in which avian sarcoma virus (ASV) DNA is epigenetically repressed in mammalian cells, we previously found that a cellular scaffolding protein, Daxx, acts as an antiretroviral factor that promotes epigenetic repression through recruitment of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Here we show that human Daxx protein levels are increased in response to retroviral infection and that Daxx acts at the time of infection to initiate epigenetic repression. Consistent with a rapid and active antiviral epigenetic response, we found that repressive histone marks and long terminal repeat (LTR) DNA methylation could be detected within 12 h to 3 days postinfection, respectively. Daxx was also found to be required for long-term ASV silencing maintenance and full viral DNA methylation, and it was physically associated with both viral DNA and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). These findings support a model in which incoming retroviral protein-DNA complexes are detected by Daxx, and the integrated provirus is rapidly chromatinized and repressed by DNA methylation and histone modification as part of an antiviral response. These results uncover a possible direct and active antiviral mechanism by which DNMTs can be recruited to retroviral DNA.