bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translocal Householding: Care and Migrant Livelihoods in a Waste‐trading Community of Vietnam's Red River Delta
Authors: Nguyen Minh T.N. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis article examines the shifting household organization of care and livelihoods in a community of Vietnam's Red River Delta that has a history of migrating to work in the urban waste trade, and has been doing so increasingly since the socialist country embraced a market economy in the mid‐1980s. In Spring District, household care and livelihood activities have been taking place across the city and the countryside for decades, indicating the degree to which the rural household reflexively opens up its spatial and social boundaries in response to broader processes of change. Their trajectories reveal fluidity in terms not only of spatial mobility but also of the gendered configuration of paid work and care, and complex dynamics between household care practices and the development of waste trading as a particular migrant livelihood activity. The analysis draws on and advances the concept of ‘householding’ emerging from recent discussion of the globalization of social reproduction.
Ezetimibe prevents the formation of oestrogen‐induced cholesterol gallstones in mice
Authors: de Bari Ornella , Wang Helen H. , Portincasa Piero , Paik Chang‐Nyol , Liu Min , Wang David Q.‐H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundOestrogen is an important risk factor for cholesterol cholelithiasis not only in women of childbearing age taking oral contraceptives and postmenopausal women undergoing hormone replacement therapy, but also in male patients receiving oestrogen therapy for prostatic cancer. In women, hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy markedly increase the risk of developing gallstones. We investigated whether the potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe could prevent the formation of oestrogen‐induced cholesterol gallstones in mice.DesignFollowing ovariectomy, female AKR mice were implanted subcutaneously with pellets releasing 17β‐estradiol at 6 μg/day and fed a lithogenic diet supplemented with ezetimibe in doses of 0 or 8 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. Cholesterol crystallization and gallstone prevalence, lipid concentrations and composition in bile, and biliary lipid output were analysed by physical–chemical methods. Intestinal cholesterol absorption efficiency was determined by faecal dual‐isotope ratio methods.ResultsEzetimibe inhibited intestinal cholesterol absorption, while significantly reducing hepatic secretion of biliary cholesterol. Consequently, bile was desaturated through the formation of numerous unsaturated micelles and gallstones were prevented by ezetimibe in mice exposed to high doses of oestrogen and fed the lithogenic diet. Ezetimibe did not influence mRNA levels of the classical oestrogen receptors α (ERα) and ERβ, as well as a novel oestrogen receptor the G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in the liver.ConclusionsEzetimibe protects against the oestrogen‐mediated lithogenic actions on gallstone formation in mice. Our finding may provide an efficacious novel strategy for the prevention of cholesterol gallstones in high‐risk subjects, especially those exposed to high levels of oestrogen.
Slow fluctuations in eye position and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging brain activity during visual fixation
Authors: Fransson Peter , Flodin Pär , Seimyr Gustaf Öqvist , Pansell Tony 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe neuronal circuitry that supports voluntary changes in eye position in tasks that require attention‐driven oculo‐motor control is well known. However, less is known about the neuronal basis for eye control during visual fixation. This, together with the fact that visual fixation is one of the most commonly used baseline conditions in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, prompted us to conduct a study in which we employed resting‐state fMRI and concurrent recordings of eye gaze to investigate the relationship between spontaneous changes in eye position during passive visual fixation and intrinsic brain activity. As a control experiment, we recorded fMRI brain activity related to cued voluntary vertical and horizontal changes in eye position in a block‐related task‐evoked fMRI experiment. Our results for the voluntarily performed changes in eye position elicited brain activity in the bilateral occipitotemporal cortex, supplementary motor cortex and frontal eye fields. In contrast, we show that slow fluctuations in eye position during passive visual fixation are linked to intrinsic brain activity, foremost in midline cortical brain regions located in the posteromedial parietal cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex, brain regions that act as core cortical hubs in the brain's default mode network. Our results suggest that subconscious and sustained changes in behavior are tied to intrinsic brain activity on a moment‐by‐moment basis.
Is diversification rate related to climatic niche width?
Authors: Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , Baselga Andrés , Wiens John J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimDiversification rates are critically important for understanding patterns of species richness, both among clades and among regions. However, the ecological correlates of variation in diversification rates remain poorly explored. Here, we test several hypotheses relating diversification rate and niche width across amphibian families (frogs and salamanders).LocationGlobal.MethodsWe characterized climatic niches for 5784 amphibian species using databases for species distributions and climate. We estimated the niche width of each family using the range of values for climatic variables across all sampled species, and using the mean of species niche widths. We estimated diversification rates for families given their total number of described species and a time‐calibrated phylogeny. We estimated relationships between variables using phylogenetic comparative methods.ResultsWe found a significant positive relationship between family niche width and diversification rate, but a weak relationship between mean species niche width and diversification rate, despite both niche width variables being correlated. In fact, the deviation from this relationship (i.e. residuals of family niche width versus mean species niche width) was the best predictor of diversification rate. The observed relationship between niche width and diversification was independent of clade range size and niche position (e.g. whether clades occurred in tropical or temperate climates) and significantly different from null patterns derived from random sampling effects.Main conclusionsOur results identify climatic niche width, and especially the relationship between family and species‐level niche widths, as a major correlate of diversification rates among amphibian families. These results suggest that climatic niche divergence among species within clades can be important in explaining large‐scale diversity patterns, possibly even more so than a clade's geographic area or whether it is primarily temperate or tropical.
Factors affecting quality of life of older adults with cancer in Korea
Authors: Yoon Hyunsook , Kim Yojin , Lim Yeon Ok , Lee Hyun Joo , Choi Kyoungwon 
Published: October 2014

AimThe main objective of the present study was to examine the quality of life of older adults with cancer and investigate factors associated with it. Some practical problems experienced by older adults with cancer are introduced, such as changes in work situation, availability of caregivers and financial difficulties relative to medical expenditures.MethodsA total of 339 patients aged 65 years or older who were treated for five major cancer diseases – colorectal, stomach, lung, liver or kidney cancer – participated in the present study. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to measure the quality of life. Performance status (physical functioning) was assigned according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group classification. The Life Orientation Test‐Revised was used to assess future expectations. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of the quality of life of older persons with cancer.ResultsThe results showed that physical functioning and optimism were significant predictors of all four functions (physical, role, emotional and social function) and global quality of life of older adults with cancer. Nearly 60% experienced changes in work situation and had financial burden on medical costs.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that efforts to assess physical functioning with more attention and enhance optimism should be emphasized in interventions for older adults with cancer. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15:983–990.
Innovative and Competitive Structure of Regional Economies in Turkey
Authors: Akpinar Rasim , Taşçi Kamil , Özsan Mehmet Emin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRegional development theories have experienced a transition from Keynesian state‐led economic development models to development based on public–private partnerships, innovation, industrial districts, etc. With the increasing concern for innovative milieu, products, process, organizational, and institutional innovations have assumed an important place in regional development policies. All these regional development paradigms have formed the basis of the initiation of a new process in regional development called the new regionalism, which includes cumulative efforts to revitalize local economic growth. In this paper, we identify technological levels of 26 NUTS 2‐level regions according to the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD)'s classification. Then, we develop an innovation and competitiveness index for Turkey by employing principal component analysis. In conclusion, we formulate some workable policy solutions and suggestions for regional economies in Turkey. According to the results, Istanbul is the most innovative and competitive region in Turkey. Ankara is becoming a regional knowledge cluster, thanks to its strong R&D infrastructure and highly qualified researchers.
The accuracy of a patient or parent‐administered bleeding assessment tool administered in a paediatric haematology clinic
Authors: Lang A. T. , Sturm M. S. , Koch T. , Walsh M. , Grooms L. P. , O'Brien S. H. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryClassifying and describing bleeding symptoms is essential in the diagnosis and management of patients with mild bleeding disorders (MBDs). There has been increased interest in the use of bleeding assessment tools (BATs) to more objectively quantify the presence and severity of bleeding symptoms. To date, the administration of BATs has been performed almost exclusively by clinicians; the accuracy of a parent‐proxy BAT has not been studied. Our objective was to determine the accuracy of a parent‐administered BAT by measuring the level of agreement between parent and clinician responses to the Condensed MCMDM‐1VWD Bleeding Questionnaire. Our cross‐sectional study included children 0–21 years presenting to a haematology clinic for initial evaluation of a suspected MBD or follow‐up evaluation of a previously diagnosed MBD. The parent/caregiver completed a modified version of the BAT; the clinician separately completed the BAT through interview. The mean parent‐report bleeding score (BS) was 6.09 (range: −2 to 25); the mean clinician report BS was 4.54 (range: −1 to 17). The mean percentage of agreement across all bleeding symptoms was 78% (mean κ = 0.40; Gwet's AC1 = 0.74). Eighty percent of the population had an abnormal BS (defined as ≥2) when rated by parents and 76% had an abnormal score when rated by clinicians (86% agreement, κ = 0.59, Gwet's AC1 = 0.79). While parents tended to over‐report bleeding as compared to clinicians, overall, BSs were similar between groups. These results lend support for further study of a modified proxy‐report BAT as a clinical and research tool.
Expected survival with and without second‐line palliative chemotherapy: who wants to know?
Authors: Oostendorp Linda J.M. , Ottevanger Petronella B. , van de Wouw Agnes J. , Schoenaker Ivonne J.H. , de Graaf Hiltje , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Stalmeier Peep F.M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundAccording to surveys, many patients with advanced cancer wish to receive survival information.ObjectiveThis study investigated information preferences by offering patients a decision aid (DA) with information on expected survival for two treatment options: supportive care with or without second‐line palliative chemotherapy. Predictors of accepting survival information were explored.DesignEligible patients in this multicentre prospective study were offered second‐line chemotherapy for advanced breast or colorectal cancer. A nurse presented a DA on second‐line treatment and asked patients whether they desired information on (i) adverse events, (ii) tumour response and (iii) survival. Data on 50 clinical and psychosocial patient characteristics were collected from inclusion forms and patient questionnaires.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients received a DA; median age 62 years (range 32–80), 61% female, 77% colorectal cancer. Fifty‐seven patients (74%; 95% CI 64–84) desired survival information. Four psychosocial characteristics (e.g. deliberative decision style) independently predicted information desire. However, the use of these characteristics to predict information desire hardly outperformed a simple prediction rule.ConclusionsMany patients desired information on expected survival when deciding about second‐line treatment. However, our exploratory analysis indicated that patients desiring this information could not be identified based on their clinical or psychosocial characteristics. These findings can help encourage candid discussions about expected survival. Health professionals should be careful not to make implicit assumptions of information desire based on patient characteristics, but to explicitly ask patients if survival information is desired, and act accordingly.
Reassurance as a key outcome valued by emergency ambulance service users: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Togher Fiona J. , O'Cathain Alicia , Phung Viet‐Hai , Turner Janette , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increasing need to assess the performance of emergency ambulance services using measures other than the time taken for an ambulance to arrive on scene. In line with government policy, patients and carers can help to shape new measures of ambulance service performance.ObjectiveTo investigate the aspects of emergency ambulance service care valued by users.DesignQualitative interview study.SettingOne of 11 ambulance services in England.ParticipantsTwenty‐two users and eight of their spouses (n = 30).ResultsUsers of the emergency ambulance service, experiencing different types of ambulance service response, valued similar aspects of their pre‐hospital care. Users were often extremely anxious about their health, and the outcome they valued was reassurance provided by ambulance service staff that they were receiving appropriate advice, treatment and care. This sense of being reassured was enhanced by the professional behaviour of staff, which instilled confidence in their care; communication; a short wait for help; and continuity during transfers. A timely response was valued in terms of allaying anxiety quickly.Discussion and conclusionsThe ability of the emergency ambulance service to allay the high levels of fear and anxiety felt by users is crucial to the delivery of a high quality service. Measures developed to assess and monitor the performance of emergency ambulance services should include the proportion of users reporting feeling reassured by the response they obtained.
Psychological stress has the potential to cause a decline in the epidermal permeability barrier function of the horny layer
Authors: Fukuda S. , Baba S. , Akasaka T. 
Published: October 2014

SynopsisObjectivePsychological stress is known to have a negative effect on a large number of skin diseases. However, there is little research on the relationship between psychological stress and the epidermal permeability barrier function (EPBF) of healthy individuals. We hypothesize that psychological stress deteriorates EPBF and aimed to investigate this relationship.MethodsPsychological stress was assessed using salivary alpha‐amylase (sAmy; KIU L−1), and chromogranin A level corrected with total protein (CgAP; pmol mg−1 protein) as psychological stress biomarkers. Measurements were obtained from 16 healthy female students during two periods of presumed higher stress (final examinations and returning from a long vacation), and a period considered as a control. The EPBF level was evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL; g m−2 h−1). The TEWL was measured three times: just before (TEWL [Intact]), immediately after (TEWL [Str]) and 4 h after (TEWL [4 h]) barrier disruption by tape stripping. The rate of barrier disruption was evaluated by comparing the difference between the TEWL [Intact] and the TEWL [Str] (delta‐BD: g m−2 h−1). The recovery was assessed by comparing the difference between the TEWL [Intact] and TEWL [4 h] (delta‐RE: g m−2 h−1).ResultsThe subjects demonstrated a significant increase in the sAmy value after the long vacation compared with the control. There was no change in the CgAP value between the groups. Meanwhile, the EPBF level showed significant deterioration during both higher stress periods. There was a significant increase in delta‐BD and delta‐RE after the long vacation.ConclusionsThe results indicate the possibility that psychological stress causes a decline in EPBF and deterioration in barrier disruption and recovery. Furthermore, it implies a relationship between psychological stress and the exacerbation or protracted healing of skin disease.
Liberating Foundations of Art and Design
Authors: Lerner Fern 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResearch concerning the basic course known as Foundations of Art and Design strengthens the pedagogical approach for K‐16 art and design education. The version of Foundations introduced to America by Josef Albers, although hardly changed, is shown to have continued, timeless relevance. Next, a sequential, implicit logic is revealed in linking the literature of the originators’ old intentions for the course, reflections by their students, and directions taken by later colleagues (particularly design scientists and the theorists addressing the current paradigm combining aspects of art, design, mathematics and science education), revealing some limitless, possible new dimensions.The first focus of this article points to the foundations course as a common denominator for the assimilation of complex new material through aesthetic play, paving the way for new cultural forms. A second theme begins to intertwine literature from many interdisciplinary fields, revealing a profound and deeply rooted pedagogical underpinning, accessible to art and design researchers and educators to aid with their move toward future transformation.
Seen, Unseen or Overlooked? How can Visual Perception Develop through a Multimodal Enquiry?
Authors: Payne Rachel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article outlines an exploration into the development of visual perception through analysing the process of taking photographs of the mundane as small‐scale research. A preoccupation with social construction of the visual lies at the heart of the investigation by correlating the perceptive process to Mitchell's (2002) counter thesis for visual study and Sontag's (1979) analysis of the function of photography in society. Why visual perception is a fundamental human activity is considered and so positioned as a vital component of art education. Pedagogical implications for teaching visual perception and expertise to others are subsequently revealed, including the appropriate selection of media to construct and communicate meaning through an exploration of subject‐matter, and the need to consider symbiotic processes which enable the construction and refinement of perception and meaning for maker and audience. How this contributes to a debate about the purpose of an art education is tentatively examined in the light of current educational policy and ideology.
Encountering Pedagogy through Relational Art Practices
Authors: Irwin Rita L. , O'Donoghue Dónal 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo artists involved in ‘socially engaged art’ practice were invited to work with art education teacher candidates and instructors in an effort to rethink notions of teaching, learning and art. We initiated this residency, which we called ‘The Summerhill Residency’, to examine how learning encounters might create environments for meaningful exchanges between the ways in which artists and secondary art education teacher candidates learn to think about pedagogy and the nature of artistic learning. Drawing upon Bourriaud's theory of relational aesthetics, we consider, yet trouble, the relational aspects of the processes and products of the artist residency, and examine the crisis of imagination that permeated teacher candidates' experiences. Throughout the project, a/r/tography offered a rich form of living enquiry that opened up possibilities for learning within a community of enquirers.
Technology, Learning Communities and Young People: The Future Something Project
Authors: Herne Steve , Adams Jeff , Atkinson Dennis , Dash Paul , Jessel John 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Future Something Project (FSP), a two‐year action research project, was devised to nurture the creative and technological talent of small groups of young people at risk by creating a structured network, mentored and driven by creative professionals exploring innovative ways for the two distinct target groups to work together. The project practice is located within the new field of interaction design and takes a social and critical approach to art and design pedagogy. The external research team found that one valuable way of looking at the FSP enterprise was through the social theory of communities of practice (CoPs) developed in the 1990s by Lave and Wenger. The creation of a learning community as a pedagogical strategy is central to the conception and practice of this project. This article, therefore, sets out to apply an existing theory to a new art and design context together with more general thoughts on learning communities. It explores the potential of new technologies and different settings to effect learning within structured networks and local and virtual communities of practice.
Older People Learning through Contemporary Visual Art – Engagement and Barriers
Authors: Goulding Anna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article addresses how older people understand and engage with contemporary art in the gallery context – whether there is something unique to the art, the format of the visits, the pedagogical approaches used by gallery educators, the social contact, or a combination of all these factors. It also addresses the psychosocial barriers to engagement. It draws from ‘Contemporary visual art and identity construction – wellbeing amongst older people’, a two‐year research project funded by the cross‐research council New Dynamic of Ageing Programme. Over 21 months, 43 participants aged 60–92 made three visits to contemporary art galleries in north‐east England. The potential for art galleries to develop lifelong learning opportunities for post‐retirement people has implications for the cultural, health and voluntary sector.