bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Desire to Acquire and IPO Long-Run Underperformance
Authors: Brau James C. , Couch Robert B. , Sutton Ninon K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe analyze 3,547 initial public offerings (IPOs) from 1985 through 2003 to determine the impact of acquisition activity on long-run stock performance. The results show that IPOs that acquire within a year of going public significantly underperform for 1- through 5-year holding periods following the 1st year, whereas nonacquiring IPOs do not significantly underperform over these time frames. For example, the mean 3-year style-adjusted abnormal return is – 15.6% for acquirers and 5.9% for nonacquirers. Our cross-sectional and calendar-time results suggest that the acquisition activity of newly public firms plays an important and previously unrecognized role in the long-run underperformance of IPOs.
Oncological safety of the Hayes-Martin manoeuvre in neck dissections for node-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Riffat F , Buchanan M A , Mahrous A K , Fish B M , Jani P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroduction:The Hayes-Martin manoeuvre involves ligation of the posterior facial vein and superior reflection of the investing fascia below the mandible to preserve the marginal mandibular nerve. The peri-facial nodes thus remain undissected. We perform this manoeuvre routinely during modified radical neck dissection for metastatic oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. Here, we review the oncological safety and marginal mandibular nerve preservation rates of this manoeuvre from 2004 to 2009.Method:Retrospective review of the head and neck oncology database (2004–2009) at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, a tertiary referral centre for head and neck oncology.Results:Thirty-four patients underwent modified radical neck dissection for metastatic oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The primary tumour included the tonsil in 19 cases, base of tongue in 10 and posterior pharyngeal wall in 5. The neck nodal status was N1 in 4 cases, N2a in 11, N2b in 10, N2c in 4 and N3 in 5. All patients had adjuvant radiotherapy. Median follow up was four years (range, two to five). No peri-facial nodal region recurrences were seen. Four patients had temporary marginal mandibular nerve weakness; beyond two months, no weakness was seen.Conclusion:In neck dissections for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, the marginal mandibular nerve and accompanying facial nodes can be safely preserved without oncological risk using the Hayes-Martin manoeuvre.
The contribution of hearing to normal balance
Authors: Kanegaonkar R G , Amin K , Clarke M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Normal balance relies on three sensory inputs: vision, proprioception and the peripheral vestibular system. This study assessed hearing change and postural control in normal subjects.Materials and methods:Postural control in 20 normal volunteers was assessed using a Nintendo Wii gaming console and balance board. Each subject was tested standing upright for 30 seconds in a clinic room and a soundproof room with their eyes open, eyes closed, whilst standing on and off foam, and with and without ear defenders.Results:There was significantly more postural sway in the following subjects: those standing with their eyes closedvsthose with eyes open (normal room,p = 0.0002; soundproof room,p = 0.0164); those standing on foam with eyes openvsthose standing normally with eyes open (in both rooms;p < 0.05); those standing with eyes open in a soundproof roomvsa normal room (p = 0.0164); and those standing on foam in a soundproof room with eyes open and wearing ear defendersvsthose in the same circumstances but without ear defenders.Conclusion:Our results suggest that this method provides a simple, inexpensive tool for assessing static postural control. Whilst it is recognised that visual input and proprioception play a central role in maintaining posture, our findings suggest that ambient sound and hearing may also have a significant influence.
Effects of polarization force and fast electrons on DA shock waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma
Authors: PERVIN S. , DUHA S. S. , ASADUZZAMAN M. , MAMUN A. A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA strongly coupled dusty plasma system consisting of non-thermal electrons, Maxwellian ions, and negatively charged dust in presence of polarization force has been considered. The nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic shock waves in such a dusty plasma system has been theoretically investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. The effects of the polarization force and non-thermal electrons, on the properties of these dust-acoustic shock waves are briefly discussed. It is shown that the strong correlation among the charged dust grains is a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of the dust-acoustic shock waves. It has been found that the effects of polarization force and non-thermal electrons significantly modify the basic features of such shock waves. It has been proposed to design a new laboratory experiment, which will be able to identify the basic features of the dust-acoustic shock waves predicted in this present investigation.
Risk factors associated with surgical site infections following vascular surgery at a German university hospital
Authors: OTT E. , BANGE F.-Ch. , SOHR D. , TEEBKEN O. , MATTNER F. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYSurgical site infection (SSI) after vascular surgery is a serious complication increasing morbidity, mortality, and costs for healthcare systems. A 4-year retrospective cohort study was performed in a university hospital with patients who had undergone arterial vascular surgery below the aortic arch. Investigated variables included demographics and clinical data. Forty-four of 756 patients experienced SSI, 29 of which were superficial, five were deep, and 10 had organ/space infections. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (22%), enterococci (20%), and Staphylococcus aureus (18%) were the most common pathogens. Independent risk factors for SSIs were femoral grafting [odds ratio (OR) 6·7], peripheral atherosclerotic disease, Fontaine stages III–IV (OR 4·1), postoperative drainage >5 days (OR 3·6), immunosuppression (OR 2·8), duration of operation >214 min (OR 2·8), and body mass index >29 (OR 2·6). The application of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was an independent protective factor (OR 0·2). Patients with certain risk factors for SSIs warrant special attention for infection prevention.
Structural and functional characterization of Rpn12 identifies residues required for Rpn10 proteasome incorporation
Authors: Boehringer Jonas , Riedinger Christiane , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos , Johnson Eachan O. D. , Lowe Edward D. , Khoudian Christina , Smith Dominique , Noble Martin E. M. , Gordon Colin , Endicott Jane A. 
Published: August 2012

The ubiquitin–proteasome system targets selected proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Rpn12 is an essential component of the 19S regulatory particle and plays a role in recruiting the extrinsic ubiquitin receptor Rpn10. In the present paper we report the crystal structure of Rpn12, a proteasomal PCI-domain-containing protein. The structure helps to define a core structural motif for the PCI domain and identifies potential sites through which Rpn12 might form protein–protein interactions. We demonstrate that mutating residues at one of these sites impairs Rpn12 binding to Rpn10 in vitro and reduces Rpn10 incorporation into proteasomes in vivo.
Tomography of fast-ion velocity-space distributions from synthetic CTS and FIDA measurements
Authors: Salewski M. , Geiger B. , Nielsen S.K. , Bindslev H. , García-Muñoz M. , Heidbrink W.W. , Korsholm S.B. , Leipold F. , Meo F. , Michelsen P.K. , Moseev D. , Stejner M. , Tardini G. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We compute tomographies of 2D fast-ion velocity distribution functions from synthetic collective Thomson scattering (CTS) and fast-ion D
α
(FIDA) 1D measurements using a new reconstruction prescription. Contradicting conventional wisdom we demonstrate that one single 1D CTS or FIDA view suffices to compute accurate tomographies of arbitrary 2D functions under idealized conditions. Under simulated experimental conditions, single-view tomographies do not resemble the original fast-ion velocity distribution functions but nevertheless show their coarsest features. For CTS or FIDA systems with many simultaneous views on the same measurement volume, the resemblance improves with the number of available views, even if the resolution in each view is varied inversely proportional to the number of views, so that the total number of measurements in all views is the same. With a realistic four-view system, tomographies of a beam ion velocity distribution function at ASDEX Upgrade reproduce the general shape of the function and the location of the maxima at full and half injection energy of the beam ions. By applying our method to real many-view CTS or FIDA measurements, one could determine tomographies of 2D fast-ion velocity distribution functions experimentally.
treePL: divergence time estimation using penalized likelihood for large phylogenies
Authors: Smith Stephen A. , O’Meara Brian C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSummary: Ever larger phylogenies are being constructed due to the explosion of genetic data and development of high-performance phylogenetic reconstruction algorithms. However, most methods for calculating divergence times are limited to datasets that are orders of magnitude smaller than recently published large phylogenies. Here, we present an algorithm and implementation of a divergence time method using penalized likelihood that can handle datasets of thousands of taxa. We implement a method that combines the standard derivative-based optimization with a stochastic simulated annealing approach to overcome optimization challenges. We compare this approach with existing software including r8s, PATHd8 and BEAST.Availability: Source code, example files, binaries and documentation for treePL are available at https://github.com/blackrim/treePL.Contact: eebsmith@umich.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Systematic review: early infant feeding and the prevention of coeliac disease
Authors: Szajewska H. , Chmielewska A. , Pieścik‐Lech M. , Ivarsson A. , Kolacek S. , Koletzko S. , Mearin M. L. , Shamir R. , Auricchio R. , Troncone R. ,   PREVENTCD Study Group
Published: August 2012

SummaryBackgroundPREVENTCD, Prevent Coeliac Disease, is an international project investigating the hypothesis of possible induction of tolerance to gluten in genetically predisposed children through introducing small quantities of gluten during the period of breastfeeding.AimTo summarise current knowledge on the possible relationship between early feeding practices and the risk of coeliac disease (CD).MethodsThe Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched in May 2011, and the search was updated in January 2012, and again in July 2012.ResultsBreastfeeding (BF) and CD: some studies show a protective effect of BF, while others show no effect. No studies have shown a long‐term preventive effect. BF at the time of gluten introduction and CD: Results from a meta‐analysis of five observational case‐control studies suggest that BF at gluten introduction is associated with a lower risk of CD compared with formula feeding. It is unclear whether BF provides a permanent protection or only delays the onset of CD. Timing of gluten introduction: The data suggest that both early (≤4 months) and late (≥7 months) introduction of gluten may increase the risk of CD. Amount of gluten at weaning (and later) and CD: One incident case‐referent study documented that the introduction of gluten in large amounts compared with small or medium amounts increased the risk of CD.ConclusionsIn the absence of clear evidence, in order to decrease the risk of later coeliac disease, it is reasonable to avoid both early (<4 months) and late (≥7 months) introduction of gluten, and to introduce gluten while the infant is still being breastfed. Future studies may clarify the remaining uncertainties.
The Function of Click Call Emission in Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)
Authors: Nogueira Selene S. C. , Pedroza Janine P. , Nogueira‐Filho Sérgio L. G. , Tokumaru Rosana S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractContact calls are used to promote cohesion among individuals that live in social groups. Capybaras are very gregarious and often vocalize. This species emits a vocalization known as a click, which has been observed during aggregating and foraging behaviors, suggesting contact or monitoring call function. We carried out a playback experiment to evaluate behavioral responses to the capybara's click call and to a bird call, used as control in ten capybaras. We compared animals' latency to respond to stimuli, the time spent in behavioral patterns, alertness, head orientation toward the sound source, and approach to the sound source. All capybaras responded to the emission of the click call playback. Most of them assumed an alert position, showed head orientation toward the sound source, and approached the sound source. They promptly reacted to the first click call emission, while few reacted to the first bird call emission, used as control. All subjects showed behavioral changes after the second emission of the click call, and some responded to the third emission. Just three individuals answered after the first control emission, while none of them responded to the second and third emission of the playback. Therefore, click call playback promotes prompt behavioral changes in capybaras, including approach to the sound source. These results indicate that this vocalization functions as a contact or monitoring call in the species.
Response of Captive Raptors to Avian Mobbing Calls: the Roles of Mobber Size and Raptor Experience
Authors: Consla Donald J. , Mumme Ronald L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe ‘move on’ hypothesis for avian mobbing proposes that mobbing induces stress in potential predators, thereby provoking them into moving elsewhere. We tested whether mobbing is stress inducing by subjecting captive owls, hawks, and falcons to the mobbing calls of four species of co‐occurring passerine birds that vary considerably in body size. Test subjects comprised 15 individuals of seven species of birds of prey that were housed at a wildlife rehabilitation center in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA. Playback treatments included mobbing calls of the black‐capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), blue‐headed vireo (Vireo solitarius), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), and American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), which vary in size from 12 g (chickadee) to 500 g (crow). A non‐mobbing vocalization (song of the black‐capped chickadee) was included in the playback treatments as a control. Playback treatment produced pronounced effects on three behavioral indicators of probable stress: head orientation toward the playback speaker, raising of feathers or spreading of wings, and changing of perch positions. Test subjects responded more vigorously to mobbing calls of the large passerines (jays and crows) than to those of the smaller passerines (chickadees and vireos). In addition, raptors that had entered the rehabilitation facility as adults generally responded more vigorously to the mobbing calls of jays and crows than did naive individuals that had entered the facility as fledglings or young juveniles. Our results are therefore consistent with the ‘move on’ hypothesis and suggest (1) that the mobbing calls of large passerines are more effective in provoking stress and altering the behavior of potential predators than are the mobbing calls of small passerines and (2) that a raptor's previous experience with mobbing in the wild can exaggerate the strength of its response, particularly to the mobbing calls of large passerines.
Characterization and longitudinal monitoring of melanoma growth in ret‐transgenic mice using a single‐sequence MRI protocol
Authors: Kerl Hans U. , Boll Hanne , Ramacher Marcel , Heilmann Melanie , Groden Christoph , Kramer Martin , Umansky Viktor , Brockmann Marc A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSpontaneous melanoma models in transgenic mice are increasingly used in preclinical research as they most closely match the progression of melanoma in humans. While optical inspection only allows analysis of tumors located on the skin, the accurate measurement and growth of subcutaneous tumors have not been adequately assessed. To improve the measurement accuracy of melanoma tumors, we used a fast single‐sequence MRI protocol at 9.4 Tesla for longitudinal characterization of a ret‐transgenic mouse model. Repeated MRI (average acquisition time 30 min per animal) of the trunk (excluding head and distal limbs) in six siblings revealed an increase in the mean total tumor volume (TTV) from 102.0 ± 80.5 mm3 at 35 days of age to 434.8 ± 154.9 mm3 by 77 days. The main tumor load was located within the pelvis (>40%), followed by the proximal hind limbs and groins (>30%). The smallest detectable tumor measured 0.07 mm3. Inter‐rater reliability between a radiologist and a veterinarian analysing MRI data was 0.993 for TTV and 0.840 for number of tumors (both p < 0.001). We thus conclude that because of the high variance of TTV of same‐aged mice, MRI should be used (i) to establish treatment groups matched for TTV and (ii) for longitudinal examination of the TTV in mice over the course of treatments.
SB365 inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Hong Sang‐Won , Jung Kyung Hee , Lee Hee‐Seung , Choi Myung‐Joo , Son Mi Kwon , Zheng Hong‐Mei , Hong Soon‐Sun 
Published: August 2012

Identification of small molecules that safely inhibit cancer progression is critical for cancer therapeutics. Saponins exhibit cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against various cancer cells, but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated whether saponin D (designated SB365), an active component isolated from Pulsatilla koreana, could inhibit the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and considered its mechanism. SB365 strongly suppressed the growth of HCC cells in a dose‐dependent manner and induced apoptosis by increasing the proportion of sub G1 apoptotic cells from 8% to 21% through induction of expression of Bax and cleaved caspase‐3. In addition, SB365 exhibited potent anti‐angiogenic activity and decreased the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor, a key molecule for angiogenesis. Furthermore, SB365 suppressed the tube formation and migration of HUVEC, as well as in vivo neovascularization in a mouse Matrigel plug assay. In vivo study showed that SB365 significantly inhibited tumor growth in an HCC xenograft model, inducing apoptosis by increasing the expression of the cleaved caspase‐3 and DNA fragmentation. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and CD34 in the tumor tissue were decreased by SB365 treatment. In examining its mechanism, SB365 was found to effectively suppress the phosphorylation of PI3K downstream factors, such as Akt, mTOR and p70S6K both in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates that SB365 not only induces apoptosis but also inhibits cell growth and angiogenesis through modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in human HCC. We suggest that SB365 may be a new chemotherapeutic candidate against HCC.
von Willebrand's disease: a report from a meeting in the Åland islands
Authors: Berntorp E. , Peake I. , Budde U. , Laffan M. , Montgomery R. , Windyga J. , Goodeve A. , Petrini P. , von Depka M. , Miesbach W. , Lillicrap D. , Federici A. B. , Lassila R. , White G. 
Published: August 2012

Summaryvon Willebrand's disease (VWD) is probably the most common bleeding disorder, with some studies indicating that up to 1% of the population may have the condition. Over recent years interest in VWD has fallen compared to that of haemophilia, partly the result of focus on blood‐borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis. Now the time has come to revisit VWD, and in view of this some 60 international physicians with clinical and scientific interest in VWD met over 4 days in 2010 in the Åland islands to discuss state‐of‐the‐art issues in the disease. The Åland islands are where Erik von Willebrand had first observed a bleeding disorder in a number of members of a family from Föglö, and 2010 was also the 140th anniversary of his birth. This report summarizes the main papers presented at the symposium; topics ranged from genetics and biochemistry through to classification of VWD, pharmacokinetics and laboratory assays used in the diagnosis of the disease, inhibitors, treatment guidelines in different age groups including the elderly who often have comorbid conditions that present challenges, and prophylaxis. Other topics included managing surgeries in patients with VWD and the role of FVIII in VWF replacement, a controversial subject.
Physicochemical and functional properties of whole and defatted meals from Mexican (Cucurbita pepo) pumpkin seeds
Authors: Rodríguez‐Miranda Jesús , Hernández‐Santos Betsabe , Herman‐Lara Erasmo , Vivar‐Vera Maria A. , Carmona‐García Roselis , Gómez‐Aldapa Carlos A. , Martínez‐Sánchez Cecilia E. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryChemical composition and some functional and thermal properties in whole pumpkin seed meal (WPSM) and defatted pumpkin seed meal (DPSM) were determined. The DPSM exhibited higher water absorption capacity (3 g H2O per g sample), water solubility capacity (8.75%), oil absorption capacity (2.73 g oil per g sample), emulsifying capacity (61.71%), foaming capacity (51.92%) and gelling capacity (12% w/v) than the WPSM. The DPSM also had better swelling power (3.33% at 60 °C, rising to 4.31% at 90 °C), higher phase transition temperatures (T0 = 80.04 °C, Tp = 86.50 °C and Tf = 93.20 °C) and a higher phase transition energy (0.93 J g−1). However, the WPSM had higher bulk density (0.57 g cm−3) and better foam stability (from 30 to 120 min). Micrographs showed defatting to cause microstructural changes in meal starch granules and proteins. Its high protein content makes the DPSM a potential alternative input in the food industry.