bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Observation of Formation Processes in Si/SiO2 Interface Defects Using in-situ UHV-ESR System
Authors: Mizuochi N. , Futako W. , Yamasaki S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe investigated the process of Pb center generation during silicon oxidation following oxygen termination on a clean Si surface, based on which we discuss the microscopic origin of Pb centers. We constructed a UHV-ESR system which enabled measurements to be carried out at a low temperature of around 100 – 120 K, and used the system to study the Si(111)-7×7 surface after slight exposure to O2. Based on the observed ESR spectra, we discuss the electronic structure of the Si(111)-7×7 surface.
A Novel Method to Synthesize Blue-Luminescent Doped GaN Powders
Authors: Garcia R. , Thomas A. , Bell A. , Ponce F. A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new method to synthesize highly luminescent GaN:Mg powders has been developed. This method has a high control over the concentration of magnesium in the final product. The method consists of reacting a high purity (99.999 %) galliummagnesium alloy with ultra-high purity ammonia in a horizontal quartz tube reactor at high temperatures for several hours. Electron microscopy showed that the light-gray powders produced by this method consist of at least two different shaped crystallites; large columnar crystals sized around 10 μm and small platelets crystals between 1 and 2 μm. X-ray diffraction showed that those crystallites have a well defined wurtzite structure. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) showed a high intensity blue emission around 2.94 eV (422 nm). At helium temperature the well known Mg-related donor-acceptor pair band was observed at 3.25 eV (380 nm) by PL and CL.
Introduction of Inquiry Based Science Education into Polish Science Curriculum - General Findings of Teachers’ Attitude / Wdrożenie Nauczania Przez Odkrywanie Do Polskiej Podstawy Programowej W Zakresie Przedmiotów Przyrodniczych - Badanie Opinii Nauczycieli
Authors: Bernard Paweł , Maciejowska Iwona , Odrowąż Ewa , Dudek Karol , Geoghegan Rory 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The new Polish science curriculum was launched in the 2008 and currently is being implemented in upper secondary schools. The new general objectives of education, and students’ key competences that should be developed during science classes were defined in that document. Presented competences are in line with competences that might be developed by Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE). IBSE is currently a popular instructional method in many countries and it is being strongly promoted by European Union. In the article the role of IBSE in the new Polish science curriculum is described and related to the method of ‘Independent Investigation to Acquire Knowledge’ that was formerly known in the national pedagogy. The article also presents results of a survey questionnaire that was conducted among Polish science teachers. The aim of the study was to measure the attitude of Polish teachers, pupils and society to IBSE. Based on the results the current position and degree of implementation of IBSE in Polish schools was estimated. Additionally the positive and negative factors affecting the implementation of IBSE were presented.
Teachers’ Response to Serbian EFL Learners’ Pronunciation Errors
Authors: Jerotijević Danica 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The present paper aims at discovering what type of feedback Serbian teachers resort to when correcting their students’ mispronounced words or utterances. To accomplish the previously stated aim of the study, we conducted a survey investigating teachers’ preferences for specific types of corrective feedback and the results indicate that the most frequently employed type of feedback among Serbian EFL teachers is recast, whereas the least preferred one is direct or explicit correction. The total of 55 teachers from primary, secondary schools and colleges participated in the survey.
Narratives of Spaces, Places, and People: M.C. Beaton’s Highlands and Highlanders
Authors: Danciu Magda 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The paper attempts to suggest re-reading literary texts from the perspective of the interconnections between settings and individuals in the process of forging the latter’s place-identity. This environmental concept, meant to foreground the importance of the place for the development of the sense of the self, is to be operated with in a selection of books authored by the Scottish mystery writer, M.C. Beaton.
Numerical model of the catchments of the oziąbel and wołczyński strumień rivers – Wołczyn municipality
Authors: Olichwer Tomasz , Wcisło Marek , Staśko Stanisław , Buczyński Sebastian , Modelska Magdalena , Tarka Robert 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The article presents a numerical model designed for determining groundwater dynamics and water balance of the catchments of the Oziąbel (Czarna Woda) river and the Wołczyński Strumień river in Wołczyn region. Hydrogeological mapping and modelling research covered the area of 238.9 km2. As a result of measurements performed in 2008-2009, flows were determined in major rivers and water table positions were measured at 26 points. In the major part of the area described, the water table, lying at the depth of 1.5-18.7 m, has unconfined character, and the aquifer is built of Neogene (Quaternary) sands and gravels. In the area under study, groundwaters are drawn from 6 wells with total withdrawal of 6133 m3/d. The numerical modelling was performed with the use of Visual Modflow 3.1.0 software. The area was partitioned by a discretization grid with a step size l = 250 m. The conceptual model of the hydrogeological system is based on hydrological data gathered over a period of one year, data from HYDRO bank database, cross-sections and maps. The boundaries of the modelled hydrogeological system were established on the watersheds of the Wołczyński Strumień river and the Oziąbel river, apart from the areas where they run together. The modelled area was extended (271.5 km2) around the Wołczyński Strumień river catchment to achieve a more effective mapping of the anthropogenic impact on its balance and the hydrodynamic system of the catchment area. The structure is characterised by the occurrence of one or rarely two aquifers separated by a pack of Quaternary clays. The investigation produced a detailed water balance and its components.
Description of hydraulic and strength properties of anisotropic geomaterials
Authors: Pietruszczak S. , Pande G.N. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In this paper, a simple generalization of Darcy’s law is proposed for the description of hydraulic properties of anisotropic porous materials. The coefficient of permeability is defined as a scalarvalued function of orientation. The principal directions of permeability are determined from a fabric descriptor specifying the distribution of average pore size. An example is provided for identification of material parameters, which is based on an idealized “pipe network model”. A procedure for defining the anisotropy in strength properties, which incorporates a conceptually similar approach, is also reviewed and an illustrative example is provided.
Hair removal in women with an 800-nm diode laser: self-reported satisfaction and expectations from treatment are not the same / Uklanjanje dlaka kod žena diodnim laserom talasne dužine 800 nm - zadovoljstvo i očekivanja od postupka nisu isti
Authors: Adamič Metka , Pavlović Miloš D. , Stamenković Miroslav , Nenadić Dane 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Laser hair reduction is an established method for unwanted hair removal. A significant esthetic component to the treatment necessitates patient-related outcomes are duly taken into account. Satisfaction and expectations may be either interrelated or independent outcome measures. A mail survey was sent out to 250 women who had undergone laser hair removal at least 6 months after their last treatment. The 6-item questionnaire concerned areas of the body treated, number of treatments, perceived hair loss, level of satisfaction with the treatment, fulfillment of expectations from the treatment, and reasons for not being satisfied with the treatment and/or unmet expectations. Response rate to the mail survey was 69%. One hundred fifty five (90%) patients were satisfied with the treatment, whereas 18 (10%) patients were dissatisfied with the treatment. Treatment did not meet expectations in 33 (19%) patients. When looking into the causes of their dissatisfaction and/or unmet expectations, the lower effectivness was the only factor which significantly affected the above otcomes (p<0.05). Though we intuitively link expectations to satisfaction, their relationship is complex, and further studies should aim at construction of standardized scales to measure patients’ satisfaction and expectation, in order to further improve effectiveness of laser hair removal.
Alternative treatment of psoriasis - is rifampicin a mild immunosupressor? / Alternativna terapija psorijaze: da li rifampicin ima blago imunosupresivno dejstvo?
Authors: Grozev Ivan , Kazandjeva Jana , Tsankov Nikolai 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory disease. Conventional systemic therapy includes: methotrexate, cyclosporine, retinoids and psoralen ultraviolet A, which are effective, but associated with toxicity and adverse effects which may limit their long-term use. Although effective as well, data on the long-term safety of newly introduced biologic agents are still not available. Herein, we present our clinical experience with rifampicin in the treatment of psoriasis, and review of literature regarding its potential mechanisms of action.
Permafrost at the Ice Base of Recent Pleistocene Glaciations–Inferences from Borehole Temperature Profiles
Authors: Majorowicz Jacek 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Paleo-temperature reconstruction from precise depth (>2.0 km) well temperature logs can offer information on whether the bed of an ice sheet was frozen. Inversion or upward extrapolation of the >2-km-deep geothermal profile is the only method by which temperature evolution at the base of long-disappeared ice sheets such as the Laurentide and Fennoscandian in the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere in North America and Europe can be inferred. It is obvious from the results from well temperature profiles that there were spatial variations in temperature at the base of the ice sheets during glaciations. This comes as no surprise, since modern-day measurements of temperature profiles through the ice of existing glaciers show a similarly large variability. Present bedrock temperatures measured beneath the central part of the Yukon Rusty glacier are near 0°C to -2°C while Greenland ice sheet base temperatures are -8 and -13°C. In case of very low paleo-temperatures derived from the interpretation of temperature profiles in the areas presently outside the current extent of glacial ice it can be shown that low temperature conditions under glacial ice could facilitate the existence of moderate (some 100-200 m) to thick (0.5 km-1 km) permafrost conditions. It is speculated here that, in many cases, paleo-glacial cold base ice could have existed right on top of paleo-permafrost in sediments just below. Such ice-bonded permafrost may have been frozen to glacial ice above, forming pillars which fixed glacial ice to permafrost below, thus limiting ice movement in such places and resulting in the -extended persistence of permafrost.
Numerical Model of Borehole Heat Exchanger in Ansys CFX Software / Numeryczny Model Otworowego Wymiennika Ciepła W Pakiecie Ansys Cfx
Authors: Śliwa Tomasz , Gołaś Andrzej , Wołoszyn Jerzy , Gonet Andrzej 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of thermal response test (TRT) and the results of the experiment of TRT in Johan Paul the second Centre “Have No Fear!” in Cracow. The aim of the study is to determine and compare the values of effective thermal conductivity of rocks obtained in TRT experiment with the results obtained from the numerical simulation of TRT. The results are shown as graphs of temperature variation in the time on inlet and outlet of the borehole heat exchanger (BHE) and as drawings of thermal distribution. Borehole heat exchanger is constructed of a single u-tube at a depth of 180 m. In the numerical simulation of TRT was included geological profile of the rock mass and the associated changes in thermal properties of rocks. Temperature dependence of liquid viscosity were also adopted. Groundwater flow has been neglected. Presented mathematical model based on energy balance equation, Navier-Stokes equation and flow continuity equation was solved using the finite volume method. To numerical calculation was used ANSYS CFX software.
Coal Seam Methane Pressure as a Parameter Determining the Level of the Outburst Risk – Laboratory and in Situ Research / Ciśnienie Złożowe Jako Parametr Określający Stan Zagrożenia Wyrzutami Metanu I Skał – Badania Laboratoryjne I Kopalniane
Authors: Skoczylas Norbert 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Scarcity of research focusing on the evaluation of the coal seam methane pressure as a parameter determining the outburst risk makes it difficult to assess the value for which the level of this risk increases considerably. It is obvious that, apart from the gas factor, the evaluation of the threat should also take into account the strength factor. The research presented in this paper attempted at estimating the level of the outburst risk on the basis of the coal seam methane pressure value and firmness of coal. In this work, the author seeks to present both the relevant laboratory research and the measurements carried out in mines.
Prediction of Backbreak in Open Pit Blasting by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System / Prognozowanie Spękań Skał Przy Pracach Strzałowych W Kopalniach Odkrywkowych Przy Użyciu Metod Neuronowych I Wnioskowania Rozmytego (Anfis) Zastosowanych W Modelu Adaptywnym
Authors: Bazzazi Abbas Aghajani , Esmaeili Mohammad 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is powerful model in solving complex problems. Since ANFIS has the potential of solving nonlinear problem and can easily achieve the input-output mapping, it is perfect to be used for solving the predicting problem. Backbreak is one of the undesirable effects of blasting operations causing instability in mine walls, falling down the machinery, improper fragmentation and reduction in efficiency of drilling. In this paper, ANFIS was applied to predict backbreak in Sangan iron mine of Iran. The performance of the model was assessed through the root mean squared error (RMSE), the variance account for (VAF) and the correlation coefficient (R2) computed from the measured of backbreak and model-predicted values of the dependent variables. The RMSE, VAF, R2 indices were calculated 0.6, 0.94 and 0.95 for ANFIS model. As results, these indices revealed that the ANFIS model has very good prediction performance.
Kamienie dekoracyjne i architektoniczne południowo-wschodniej Polski – złoża, zasoby i perspektywy eksploatacji
Authors: Bromowicz Jan , Figarska-Warchoł Beata 
Published: February 2013

Streszczenie
Przedstawiono stan kopalń na tle tradycji wydobycia i użytkowania surowców kamiennych. Wytypowano czynne kamieniołomy, w których tradycyjnie pozyskiwane były bloki, jak też i takie, w których z racji wykształcenia serii złożowych, bloki mogą być przedmiotem eksploatacji w przyszłości. Oceniono też złoża, w których niegdyś wydobywano materiały kamienne powszechnie stosowane jako materiały dekoracyjne w krajowej architekturze, mimo że aktualnie są one nieczynne. W sumie przeanalizowano ponad 230 złóż.
Zaprezentowano, uzasadnione ekonomicznie, perspektywy rozwoju wydobycia materiałów dekoracyjnych i architektonicznych w Polsce południowo-wschodniej na tle wymagań rynku europejskiego i możliwości wynikających zarówno z ograniczeń środowiskowych, jak i zasobowych. Ustalono, że są one zróżnicowane w zależności od walorów dekoracyjnych poszczególnych skał, ich bloczności i wielkości zasobów. Wydzielono skały i złoża, które mają możliwości rozwoju wydobycia na skalę europejską, krajową i lokalną. Pierwsze to zlepieńce zygmuntowskie, wapienie morawickie i zalesiackie oraz dolomity diploporowe. Zakres krajowy mogą mieć odpowiednio zagospodarowane złoża paleozoicznych wapieni okolic Kielc i Krzeszowic oraz niektóre bloczne złoża piaskowców z obrzeżenia Gór Świętokrzyskich i Karpat. Rozwój na skalę lokalną mają zapewnione drobne złoża piaskowców w obrzeżeniu Gór Świętokrzyskich i z Karpat oraz wapieni na Jurze Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej, produkujące materiał wykorzystywany w małej architekturze.
Wykazano zagrożenie dla złóż skał blocznych, związane ze stosowaniem materiałów wybuchowych przy wykorzystaniu ich zasobów do produkcji kruszyw łamanych. Dla złóż najbardziej atrakcyjnych skał uzasadniono konieczność ich ochrony przed eksploatacją w innych celach niż produkcja bloków. Stwierdzono, że powrót do zarzuconych kamieniarskich tradycji jest możliwy i konieczny z racji licznych powiązań, poprzez historię, architekturę i sztukę, z kulturą narodową. Wymaga on sporych inwestycji dla unowocześnienia sposobu zagospodarowania złóż, a także związanych z promocją polskich kamieni na rynku europejskim. Należy przy tym uwzględnić możliwość zaangażowania funduszy Unii Europejskiej.
New Data on Distribution of Lemmopsis Pelodes in Lithuania
Authors: Motiejūnaitė Jurga 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Motiejūnaitė J., 2012: New data on distribution of Lemmopsis pelodes in Lithuania [Nauji duomenys apie Lemmopsispelodes paplitimą Lietuvoje]. - Bot. Lith., 18(2): 166-168.
New localities of a rare terricolous lichen Lemmopsis pelodes in Lithuania are presented. Distribution and ecology of the species in Lithuania and Europe are discussed.
Intra et parasellar chordoma
Authors: Iacob G. , Crăciun M. , Parascan Liliana , Sajin Maria 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A rare case of giant intra and parasellar chordoma, mimicking a pituitary prolactinoma is presented. The tumor involving pituitary fossa and surrounding structures was removed via a bifrontal approach. The pathology exhibited the typical histological patterns of a chordoma. The authors present a rare case of a giant sellar and parasellar chordoma and review the literature on that.
Image-guided stereotactic biopsy of infiltrative, multicentric and deep-seated supratentorial cerebral gliomas
Authors: Brehar F.M. , Gorgan R.M. , Lisievici M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Infiltrative cerebral gliomas remain a neurosurgical challenge despite the latest achievements in neuroimaging techniques and microsurgical approaches. In this paper the authors present their experience in 85 cases of stereotactic biopsies performed for infiltrative, multicentric and deep-seated cerebral gliomas. The stereotactic and neuroimagistic tools used for these procedures included the Leksell stereotactic system and the software: Stereotactic Planning System (SPS), NTPS 8.2. The histopatological results (according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification) were: 51 cases of glioblastomas (grade IV) (60%), 7 cases of anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III) (8,2%), 13 cases of grade II diffuse astrocytomas (15,3%), 6 cases of grade I astrocytomas (7,1%), one case of grade II oligodendroglioma (1,2%), 3 cases of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (grade III) (3,5%), one case of grade I ganglioglioma (1,2%), one case of anaplastic ganglioglioma (grade III) (1,2%), and 2 cases of anaplastic ependymomas (grade III) (2,3%). In 21 cases (24,7%) the immunohistochemistry has been performed in order to obtain an accurate histopathological result. In this series, the early postoperative mortality was 0%, with no cases of clinically significant hemorrhages after biopsy procedures. Temporary increase of neurological deficits has been noticed in 7 patients (8,2%). In conclusion, image-guided stereotactic biopsy represents now a safe and accurate diagnostic method for cerebral gliomas, which can favorably influence the therapeutic management of the patients
Response of Macromolecular Structure to Deformation in Tectonically Deformed Coal
Authors: Xiaoshi LI , Yiwen JU , Quanlin HOU , Junjia FAN 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe structural evolution of tectonically deformed coals (TDC) with different deformational mechanisms and different deformational intensities are investigated in depth through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on 31 samples of different metamorphic grades (Ro, max: 0.7%–3.1%) collected from the Huaibei coalfield. The results indicated that there are different evolution characteristics between the ductile and brittle deformational coals with increasing of metamorphism and deformation. On the one hand, with the increase of metamorphism, the atomic plane spacing (d002) is decreasing at step velocity, the stacking of the BSU layer (Lc) is increasing at first and then decreasing, but the extension of the BSU layer (La) and the ratio of La/Lc are decreasing initially and then increasing. On the other hand, for the brittle deformational coal, d002 is increasing initially and then decreasing, which causes an inversion of the variation of Lc and La under the lower‐middle or higher‐middle metamorphism grade when the deformational intensity was increasing. In contrast, in the ductile deformational coals, d002 decreased initially and then increased, and the value of Lc decreased with the increase of deformational intensity. But the value of La increased under the lower‐middle metamorphism grade and increased at first and then decreased under the higher‐middle metamorphism grade. We conclude that the degradation and polycondensation of TDC macromolecular structure can be obviously impacted during the ductile deformational process, because the increase and accumulation of unit dislocation perhaps transforms the stress into strain energy. Meanwhile, the brittle deformation can transform the stress into fractional heat energy, and promote the metamorphism and degradation as well. It can be concluded that deformation is more important than metamorphism to the differential evolution of the ductile and brittle deformational coals.
Recurrence Characteristics of Major Earthquakes in the Tangshan area, North China
Authors: Kang LIU , Guosheng QU , Jianqiang CHEN , Weiguo WANG , Baokun NING 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Tangshan area lies in the North China plain where an Ms 7.8 earthquake occurred in 1976, which is associated with a hidden active fault. To reveal the recurrence characteristics of major quakes in this area over a relatively long time, we have conducted a comprehensive study using geological investigations, shallow seismic exploration, boreholes, trench observations and geological dating. Five paleoearthquakes were recognized in a 6.4m‐deep trench west to the Tangshan Asylum. Among them, the former three events occurred between 56.78 ± 4.83ka and 89.39 ± 7.60 ka, and the fourth event occurred around 6.9 ka, respectively, and then followed by the fifth in 1976. Seven boreholes were deployed crossing the ground fissure formed by the 1976 Tangshan earthquake at the site of No. 10 Middle School, where we have identified 25 liquefaction events in the boreholes TZC6–5 and 6–7. By the comprehensive analysis of the trench, the liquefaction events from the boreholes and the depth‐time curves of drill cores, we suggest a new recurrence model of major quakes in this area. It is not a constant recurring cycle since 210 ka, instead consisting of six alternating seismically quiet and active stages. Of them, stage I (>177 ka) was a quiescent period in seismicity, stage II (from 143 ka to 177 ka) was an active one, stage III (from 102 ka to 143 ka) was quiescent again, stage IV (from 56 ka to 102 ka) had many quakes, stage V (from 6.9 ka to 56 ka) became quiet, and stage VI (from 6.9 ka to now) was the beginning of a new seismically active period.