bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Complication Rates and Optimal Horizontal Distance of the Most Distally Positioned Implant‐Supported Single Crowns in the Posterior Region: A Study with a Mean Follow‐Up of 3 Years
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hong , Lee Jong‐Bin , Park Jung‐Im , Choi Seong‐Ho , Kim Young‐Taek 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the 3‐year mechanical complication rates of the most distally positioned implant‐supported single crowns (ISSCs) in the posterior region, and how these complication rates are affected by several clinical factors (i.e., gender, mean age, horizontal distance [HD], position in the jaw, placement location, duration of functional loading, clinical crown‐to‐implant length ratio [C/I ratio], and crown height space of the implant).Materials and MethodsThe mechanical complications (i.e., abutment screw loosening [ASL], abutment screw fracture [ASF], and ceramic fracture [CF]) associated with the implants were identified by examining the patients’ treatment records, clinical photographs, and intraoral periapical radiographs. Statistical analyses were performed using chi‐square and Student's t‐test to identify the relationship between various clinical factors and the mechanical complication rates. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was conducted to determine the optimal cut‐off value for the HD between the most distally positioned ISSCs and the mesially adjacent natural tooth beyond which complications occur.ResultsThe study inclusion criteria were met by 183 patients who had undergone implant surgery in the period 2004 to 2011, involving a total of 221 implant treatments. Mechanical complications were present in 40 (18.1%) of the 221 investigated ISSCs. ASL was the most common complication (n = 28, 12.7%), followed in order by CF (n = 9, 4.1%) and ASF (n = 3, 1.4%). Repeated ASL and CF occurred in four (1.8%) and two (0.9%) implants, respectively. The mechanical complication rates differed significantly between implants with different HDs (p = 0.009) and clinical C/I ratios (p = 0.019); however, there was no significant association between the other clinical factors and the mechanical complication rates.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, it appears that the incidence of mechanical complications is higher for the most distally positioned ISSCs in the posterior region than for those positioned at other sites. Furthermore, since the rate of mechanical complications increases with increasing HD, an HD of 3.7 mm or less is recommended.
DNA barcodes identify Chinese medicinal plants and detect geographical patterns of Sinosenecio (Asteraceae)
Authors: Gong Wei , Liu Ying , Chen Jing , Hong Yu , Kong Hang‐Hui 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDNA barcodes have proved to be efficient for plants species discrimination and identification using short and standardized genomic regions. The genus Sinosenecio (Asteraceae) is used for traditional medicinal purposes in China. Most species of the genus occur in restricted geographical regions and exhibit a wide range of morphological variations within species, making them difficult to differentiate in the field. Previously, taxonomic revisions have been made based on morphological and cytological evidence. In the present study, barcoding analysis was performed on 107 individuals representing 38 species in this genus to evaluate the performance of four candidate barcoding loci (matK, rbcL, trnH‐psbA and internal transcribed spacer [ITS]) and detect geographical patterns. Three different methods based on genetic distance, sequence similarity, and the phylogenetic tree were used. Comparably high species discrimination power was detected in species‐level taxonomic process by the ITS dataset alone or combined with other loci, which was suggested to be the most suitable barcode for Sinosenecio. Our results are congruent with previous taxonomic studies concerning the monophyly of the S. oldhamianus group. The present study provides an empirical paradigm for the identification of medicinal plant species and their geographical patterns, ascertaining the congruence between taxonomical studies and barcoding analysis in Sinosenecio.
Minimal nocturnal oxygen saturation predicts future subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: the Wisconsin sleep cohort
Authors: Gunnarsson Sverrir I. , Peppard Paul E. , Korcarz Claudia E. , Barnet Jodi H. , Hagen Erika W. , Hla K. Mae , Palta Mari , Young Terry , Stein James H. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryPrevious data on the associations between nocturnal oxygen saturation parameters and carotid atherosclerosis are conflicting. We examined the prospective associations of nocturnal oxygen saturation (SaO2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors with carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) and plaques. We used data on 689 Wisconsin sleep cohort participants who had baseline overnight polysomnography followed by carotid ultrasonography a mean (SD) of 7.8 (2.5) years later. Far wall common carotid IMT was measured using B‐mode ultrasound. Bilateral common, bifurcation and internal carotid artery segments were evaluated for plaque score. Participants (8) were aged 56 years (55% male); 32% had hypertension and mean body mass index (BMI) was 31 (7) kg m2. Mean and minimum nocturnal SaO2 were 95% (2) and 86% (7), respectively. Mean percentage sleep time with SaO2 < 90% was 2% (8). Both mean (odds ratio [OR]: 0.60 lower plaque count per 5% higher mean SaO2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38–0.96, P = 0.033) and minimum SaO2 (OR: 0.88 lower plaque count per 5% higher minimum SaO2, 95% CI: 0.80–0.97, P = 0.013) predicted carotid plaque score after adjusting for age, sex and BMI. Minimum SaO2 predicted future plaque score after adding adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors (OR: 0.90 lower plaque count per 5% higher minimum SaO2, 95% CI: 0.81–0.99, P = 0.038). Mean SaO2 was not associated with carotid IMT after CVD risk factor adjustment. We conclude that minimum nocturnal SaO2 is an independent predictor of future carotid plaque burden. Other nocturnal SaO2 parameters are not associated with future carotid IMT or plaques after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors.
Toward systems‐level analysis of agricultural production from crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM): scaling from cell to commercial production
Authors: Davis Sarah C. , Ming Ray , LeBauer David S. , Long Stephen P. 
Published: June 2015

SummarySystems‐level analyses have become prominent tools for assessing the yield, viability, economic consequences and environmental impacts of agricultural production. Such analyses are well‐developed for many commodity crops that are used for food and biofuel, but have not been developed for agricultural production systems based on drought‐tolerant plants that use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). We review the components of systems‐level evaluations, and identify the information available for completing such analyses for CAM cropping systems. Specific needs for developing systems‐level evaluations of CAM agricultural production include: improvement of physiological models; assessment of product processing after leaving the farm gate; and application of newly available genetic tools to the optimization of CAM species for commercial production.

Contents

Summary
66

I.
Introduction
66

II.
Systems‐level analysis of agricultural commodities
68

III.
Modeling tools for CAM agricultural systems
68

IV.
Genomic information for CAM agricultural crops
70

V.
Assessment of trade‐offs
71

VI.
Conclusions
71

Acknowledgements
71

References
72
Is the relationship between sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic health in adolescents independent of dietary intake? A systematic review
Authors: Fletcher E. , Leech R. , McNaughton S. A. , Dunstan D. W. , Lacy K. E. , Salmon J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryScreen time, but not overall sedentary behaviour, is consistently related to cardiometabolic health in adolescents. Because of the associations screen time has with dietary intake, diet may be an important factor in the screen time and health relationship; however, evidence has not previously been synthesized. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to explore whether the associations between various sedentary behaviours and cardiometabolic risk markers are independent of dietary intake in adolescents. Online databases and personal libraries were searched for peer‐reviewed original research articles published in English before March 2014. Included studies assessed associations between sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic markers in 12‐ to 18‐year‐olds and adjusted for dietary intake. Twenty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria. From the 21 studies examining sedentary behaviour and adiposity, the majority found significant positive associations between television viewing, screen time and self‐reported overall sedentary behaviour with markers of adiposity, independent of dietary intake. No significant associations between screen time with blood pressure and cholesterol were reported. Sedentary behaviour appears to be associated with adiposity in adolescents, irrespective of dietary intake. However, the variability of dietary variables between studies suggests further work is needed to understand the role of dietary intake when examining these associations in youth.
Argument for a non‐linear relationship between severity of human obesity and dopaminergic tone
Authors: Horstmann A. , Fenske W. K. , Hankir M. K. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAlterations in the dopaminergic system have been implicated in both animal and human obesity. However, to date, a comprehensive model on the nature and functional relevance of this relationship is missing. In particular, human data remain equivocal in that seemingly inconsistent reports exist of positive, negative or even no relationships between dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in the striatum and measures of obesity. Further, data on receptor availability have been commonly interpreted as reflecting receptor density, despite the possibility of an alternative interpretation, namely alterations in the basal levels of endogenous dopaminergic tone. Here, we provide a unifying framework that is able to explain the seemingly contradictory findings and offer an alternative and novel perspective on existing data. In particular, we suggest (i) a quadratic relationship between alterations in the dopaminergic system and degree of obesity, and (ii) that the observed alterations are driven by shifts in the balance between general dopaminergic tone and phasic dopaminergic signalling. The proposed model consistently integrates human data on molecular and behavioural characteristics of overweight and obesity. Further, the model provides a mechanistic framework accounting not only for the consistent observation of altered (food) reward–responsivity but also for the differences in reinforcement learning, decision‐making behaviour and cognitive performance associated with measures of obesity.
Repeatability of a novel corneal indentation device for corneal biomechanical measurement
Authors: Lam Andrew K. C. , Hon Ying , Leung Leo K. K. , Lam David C. C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate the repeatability of a new device for measuring corneal biomechanics.MethodsTwenty‐nine normal subjects aged 20–28 years (23.4 ± 1.7 years) underwent measurements of corneal stiffness and tangent elastic modulus using a novel corneal indentation device. Corneal topography, axial biometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry were also performed during the visit. Subjects returned after about 1 week, at approximately the same time, and with the corneal biomechanics, corneal topography and Goldmann applanation tonometry measured again. Both the intrasession and intersession repeatability was assessed.ResultsBoth the corneal stiffness and tangent elastic modulus demonstrated good intrasession repeatability (corneal stiffness: coefficient of variation = 7.32%, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.75; tangent elastic modulus: coefficient of variation = 7.34%, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84). The mean modulus after normalised to normal intraocular pressure of 15.5 mmHg was 0.755 ± 0.159 MPa. There was no significant difference between the two visits (paired t‐tests: p > 0.05). The repeatability [1.96 times the standard deviation (S.D.) of the intersession difference] of the corneal stiffness and the tangent elastic modulus was 0.0022 N mm−1 and 0.197 MPa, respectively.ConclusionThe corneal indentation device has good intrasession and intersession repeatability. It has good potential to measure corneal biomechanics clinically, even at different corneal regions.
Blood donation and blood donor mortality after adjustment for a healthy donor effect
Authors: Ullum Henrik , Rostgaard Klaus , Kamper‐Jørgensen Mads , Reilly Marie , Melbye Mads , Nyrén Olof , Norda Rut , Edgren Gustaf , Hjalgrim Henrik 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDStudies have repeatedly demonstrated that blood donors experience lower mortality than the general population. While this may suggest a beneficial effect of blood donation, it may also reflect the selection of healthy persons into the donor population. To overcome this bias, we investigated the relation between blood donation frequency and mortality within a large cohort of blood donors. In addition, our analyses also took into consideration the effects of presumed health differences linked to donation behavior.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSUsing the Scandinavian Donation and Transfusion database (SCANDAT), we assessed the association between annual number of donations in 5‐year windows and donor mortality by means of Poisson regression analysis. The analyses included adjustment for demographic characteristics and for an internal healthy donor effect, estimated among elderly donors exempted from continued donation because of age criteria.RESULTSStatistical analyses included 1,182,495 donors of whom 15,401 died during 9,526,627 person‐years of follow‐up. Analyses adjusted only for demographic characteristics showed a 18.6% reduction in mortality per additional annual donation (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.8%‐20.4%). After additional adjustment for the internal healthy donor effect, each additional annual donation was associated with a 7.5% decreased mortality risk 7.5% (95% CI, 5.7%‐9.4%).CONCLUSIONWe observed an inverse relationship between donation frequency and mortality. The magnitude of the association was reduced after adjustment for an estimate of self‐selection in the donor population. Our observations indicate that repeated blood donation is not associated with premature death, but cannot be interpreted as conclusive evidence of a beneficial health effect.
Thromboelastometric evaluation of hemostasis in dogs infected withLeishmania infantum
Authors: Bruno Barbara , Maurella Cristiana , Falco Sara , Tarducci Alberto , Zanatta Renato , D'Angelo Antonio , Borrelli Antonio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of hemostasis using thromboelastometry in dogs with leishmaniasis before and after treatment.DesignLongitudinal observational study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsEighty‐four adult, client‐owned dogs.Measurements and Main ResultsWhole blood samples for the coagulation profile were collected from symptomatic dogs with leishmaniasis (group S), asymptomatic dogs with leishmaniasis after treatment (group T), and a control group of healthy dogs (group H). Hemostasis was evaluated by means of standard coagulation profile (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen) and by thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were within the upper reference range in all 3 groups. Comparison of the ROTEM variables between the 3 groups showed statistically significant differences between group S versus groups T and H, but remaining within the reference ranges. Statistically significant differences in hematocrit and fibrinogen concentrations were noted between groups (group S vs. H: hematocritP= 0.001, fibrinogenP= 0.002; Group S vs. T: hematocritP= 0.001, fibrinogenP= 0.001). These variations have interfered with some parameters of the ROTEM profile.ConclusionsThis study showed normal standard coagulation profiles in all 3 groups evaluated. The ROTEM results did not fall outside of the maximum values of the reference ranges.
An Exopolysaccharide-Deficient Mutant of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Efficiently Displays a Protective Llama Antibody Fragment against Rotavirus on Its Surface
Authors: Álvarez Beatriz , Krogh-Andersen Kasper , Tellgren-Roth Christian , Martínez Noelia , Günaydın Gökçe , Lin Yin , Martín M. Cruz , Álvarez Miguel A. , Hammarström Lennart , Marcotte Harold 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Rotavirus is the leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, where it causes a high number of deaths among infants. Two vaccines are available, being highly effective in developed countries although markedly less efficient in developing countries. As a complementary treatment to the vaccines, a
Lactobacillus
strain producing an anti-rotavirus antibody fragment in the gastrointestinal tract could potentially be used. In order to develop such an alternative therapy, the effectiveness of
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
GG to produce and display a VHH antibody fragment (referred to as anti-rotavirus protein 1 [ARP1]) on the surface was investigated.
L. rhamnosus
GG is one of the best-characterized probiotic bacteria and has intrinsic antirotavirus activity. Among four
L. rhamnosus
GG strains [GG (CMC), GG (ATCC 53103), GG (NCC 3003), and GG (UT)] originating from different sources, only GG (UT) was able to display ARP1 on the bacterial surface. The genomic analysis of strain GG (UT) showed that the genes
welE
and
welF
of the EPS cluster are inactivated, which causes a defect in exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, allowing efficient display of ARP1 on its surface. Finally, GG (UT) seemed to confer a level of protection against rotavirus-induced diarrhea similar to that of wild-type GG (NCC 3003) in a mouse pup model, indicating that the EPS may not be involved in the intrinsic antirotavirus activity. Most important, GG (EM233), a derivative of GG (UT) producing ARP1, was significantly more protective than the control strain
L. casei
BL23.
A Transmissible Plasmid-Borne Pathogenicity Island Confers Piscibactin Biosynthesis in the Fish Pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
Authors: Osorio Carlos R. , Rivas Amable J. , Balado Miguel , Fuentes-Monteverde Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Jaime , Jiménez Carlos , Lemos Manuel L. , Waldor Matthew K. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The fish pathogen
Photobacterium damselae
subsp.
piscicida
produces the siderophore piscibactin. A gene cluster that resembles the
Yersinia
high-pathogenicity island (HPI) encodes piscibactin biosynthesis. Here, we report that this HPI-like cluster is part of a hitherto-uncharacterized 68-kb plasmid dubbed pPHDP70. This plasmid lacks homologs of genes that mediate conjugation, but we found that it could be transferred at low frequencies from
P. damselae
subsp.
piscicida
to a mollusk pathogenic
Vibrio alginolyticus
strain and to other Gram-negative bacteria, likely dependent on the conjugative functions of the coresident plasmid pPHDP60. Following its conjugative transfer, pPHDP70 restored the capacity of a vibrioferrin mutant of
V. alginolyticus
to grow under low-iron conditions, and piscibactin became detectable in its supernatant. Thus, pPHDP70 appears to harbor all the genes required for piscibactin biosynthesis and transport.
P. damselae
subsp.
piscicida
strains cured of pPHDP70 no longer produced piscibactin, had impaired growth under iron-limited conditions, and exhibited markedly decreased virulence in fish. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of pPHDP70, with its capacity for piscibactin-mediated iron acquisition, in the virulence of
P. damselae
subsp.
piscicida.
Horizontal transmission of this plasmid-borne piscibactin synthesis gene cluster in the marine environment may facilitate the emergence of new pathogens.
Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota
Authors: De Maesschalck C. , Eeckhaut V. , Maertens L. , De Lange L. , Marchal L. , Nezer C. , De Baere S. , Croubels S. , Daube G. , Dewulf J. , Haesebrouck F. , Ducatelle R. , Taminau B. , Van Immerseel F. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

In broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon and
Clostridium
cluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level,
Lactobacillus crispatus
and
Anaerostipes butyraticus
were significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively.
In vitro
fermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding between
L. crispatus
and
A. butyraticus
. Lactate, produced by
L. crispatus
during XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producing
Anaerostipes
species. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function.
The performance study of OLED based on Cs2O doped Ag2O thin layer structure as the electronic injection layer
Authors: Zhang Gang , Gao Hong Yan , Tian Xiao Cui , Zhao Li Na , Wang Jin , Jiang Wen Long , Zhang Xi Yan 
Published: June 2015

The effect on the properties of organic electroluminescent devices was studied using various electronic injection layers. As a result, the electron injection layer by [Formula: see text] doped [Formula: see text], when the mass fraction was 17% and the thickness was 1 nm, the performance of the device was significantly higher than the single [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as electronic injection layer. The maximum power efficiency reached 0.91 lm/W, which was higher than that of [Formula: see text] 0.64 lm/W and [Formula: see text] 0.32 cd/A raised 1.42 times and 2.84 times, respectively. In addition, the light voltage of the doping device was 8 V, and that of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] device was 9 V. So the turn-on voltage was reduced.
IGA-Based Interactive Framework Using Conjoint Analysis and SOM for Designing Room Layout
Authors: Akase Ryuya , Okada Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the authors propose the user evaluation support methods for IGA (Interactive Genetic Algorithm)-based 3D room layout generation. Although IGA is useful for applying the user preferences to the solution, IGA-based systems force users to evaluate a lot of individuals, causing the fatigue of operators. Therefore, we adopted the following methods in order to cope with the problem: (a) Prediction of user preferences with a conjoint analysis. (b) Individuals clustering with a self-organizing map. To make a 3D scene such as a furniture layout, the IGA-based 3D room layout system is very helpful because it requires easy 3D graphics and manipulation only. The authors have been developing a web-based system that optimizes 3D room layouts based on user preferences. Finally, we tested the usefulness of our system with the demonstration, and had positive outcomes.