bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine Disruption in Human Placenta: Expression of the Dioxin-Inducible Enzyme, Cyp1a1, Is Correlated With That of Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Genes
Authors: Wadzinski Thomas L. , Geromini Katherine , McKinley Brewer Judy , Bansal Ruby , Abdelouahab Nadia , Langlois Marie-France , Takser Larissa , Zoeller R. Thomas 
Published: October 2014

Context:
Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for normal development; therefore, disruption of TH action by a number of industrial chemicals is critical to identify. Several chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls are metabolized by the dioxin-inducible enzyme CYP1A1; some of their metabolites can interact with the TH receptor. In animals, this mechanism is reflected by a strong correlation between the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA and TH-regulated mRNAs. If this mechanism occurs in humans, we expect that CYP1A1 expression will be positively correlated with the expression of genes regulated by TH.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that CYP1A1 mRNA expression is correlated with TH-regulated mRNAs in human placenta.

Methods:
One hundred sixty-four placental samples from pregnancies with no thyroid disease were obtained from the GESTE study (Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada). Maternal and cord blood TH levels were measured at birth. The mRNA levels of CYP1A1 and placental TH receptor targets [placental lactogen (PL) and GH-V] were quantitated by quantitative PCR.

Results:
CYP1A1 mRNA abundance varied 5-fold across 132 placental samples that had detectable CYP1A1 mRNA. CYP1A1 mRNA was positively correlated with PL (r = 0.64; P &lt; .0001) and GH-V (P &lt; .0001, r = 0.62) mRNA. PL and GH-V mRNA were correlated with each other (r = 0.95; P &lt; .0001), suggesting a common activator. The mRNAs not regulated by TH were not correlated with CYP1A1 expression.

Conclusions:
CYP1A1 mRNA expression is strongly associated with the expression of TH-regulated target gene mRNAs in human placenta, consistent with the endocrine-disrupting action of metabolites produced by CYP1A1.
Low‐copy nuclear data confirm rampant allopolyploidy in the Cystopteridaceae (Polypodiales)
Authors: Rothfels Carl J. , Johnson Anne K. , Windham Michael D. , Pryer Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHere we present the first nuclear phylogeny for Cystopteridaceae (Polypodiales), using the single‐copy locusgapCp“short”. This phylogeny corroborates broad results from plastid data in demonstrating strong support for the monophyly of the family's three genera—Cystopteris, Acystopteris, andGymnocarpium—and of the major groups withinCystopteris(C. montana, the sudetica and bulbifera clades, and theC. fragiliscomplex). In addition, it confirms the rampant hybridization (allopolyploidy) that has long been suspected within bothCystopterisandGymnocarpium. In some cases, these data provide the first DNA‐sequence‐based evidence for previous hypotheses of polyploid species origins (such as the cosmopolitanG. dryopterisbeing an allotetraploid derivative of the diploidsG. appalachianumandG. disjunctum). Most of the allopolyploids, however, have no formal taxonomic names. This pattern is particularly strong within theC. fragiliscomplex, where our results imply that the eight included accessions of “C. fragilis” represent at least six distinct allopolyploid taxa.
The comparison of behavioral and emotional problems in children with a bipolar parent and children with healthy parents in Zahedan, Iran, 2011
Authors: FIROOZKOUHI MOGHADDAM MAHBOUBEH , BAKHSHANI NOUR MOHAMMAD , heidaripoor Amir hossein , Assareh MARZYEH , ALIAN NAJAFABADI SOMAYEH 
Published: October 2014

Aim of the studyMental illness in parents can cause behavioral problems in children because of genetic contribution and their narrowed parenting capabilities. Organic and psychotic disease in mother and father can affect their role in family and rising up children with genetic tendency to bipolar disorder in family
which have impaired competence to bringing up the children increases the risk of mental damagess.Subject or material and methodsIn this descriptive-cross sectional study 65 children of bipolar parents (case group) and 65 with healthy parents (control) where chosen with convenience sampling and compared with child behavior check list (CBCL).comparison of mean scores on CBCL scales between the two
groups was performed by using statistical T test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsFindings showed that the mean scores of CBCL were higher in case group than in control group
and boys had higher scores than girls in case group.
Significant relation between birth order and mean CBCL scores in anxiety, somatic complain, attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder subscales was found (p<0.05) and CBCL mean scores
in anxiety subscale had significant relation with duration of disorders in parents.(p<0.05)DiscussionThe higher CBCL mean scores in bipolar parents’ children than control group may suggest there is higher emotional and behavioral problems and increase in risk of bipolar disorder.ConclusionsHigher degree of emotional &behavioral problems in off springs of BMD patients may predict mood disorders in future.
Outcome of Polish teenage patients with eating disorders
Authors: Pilecki Maciej , Józefik Barbara , Solecka Dorota , Cygankiewicz Patrycja 
Published: October 2014

Aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to assess outcome of patients with eating disorders in the Polish socio-cultural context.Subject or material and methodsRe-assessed after 6.72 years (SD 0.99 years, min 4.58 years, max 8.81 years) 47 of 112 patients consulted initially in the outpatient clinic of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit between 2002/2004 in Krakow, Poland with one of the eating disorders.ResultsComplete remission (absence of symptoms for three months) took place in 55% of patients from the restrictive anorexia nervosa group, 27.3% patients from the bulimia nervosa group. A full range of symptoms was observed in 10% of patients from the restrictive anorexia nervosa group and 36.4% of patients from the bulimia nervosa group. In both groups, the longer the follow-up study, the worse outcome was observed.DiscussionSmall size of group in the follow-up study caused a significant limitation.ConclusionsConclusion: The remission rates indices for restrictive anorexia nervosa are similar to these presented in other follow-up studies. In the case of bulimia nervosa they are lower than average. An analysis of diagnosis variability between the initial and the follow up assessment indicates low cross-over rate from anorexia nervosa to bulimia nervosa group.
Cohomology of 3-points configuration spaces of complex projective spaces
Authors: Ashraf Samia , Berceanu Barbu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We compute the Betti numbers and describe the cohomology algebras of the ordered and unordered configuration spaces of three points in complex projective spaces, including the infinite dimensional case. We also compute these invariants for the configuration spaces of three collinear and non-collinear points.
The holomorphic symplectic structures on hyper-Kähler manifolds of type A∞
Authors: Hattori Kota 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Hyper-Kähler manifolds of type A∞ are noncompact complete Ricci-flat Kähler manifolds of complex dimension 2. We study the holomorphic symplectic structures preserved by the natural ℂx-actions on these manifolds, and we give sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of ℂx-equivariant biholomorphisms between two hyper-Kähler manifolds of type A∞ preserving their holomorphic symplectic structures. As a consequence, we can show the existence of a complex manifold of dimension 2 on which there is a continuous family of complete Ricci-flat Kähler metrics with distinct volume growth.
A Note on the Control Function Approach with an Instrumental Variable and a Binary Outcome
Authors: Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUnobserved confounding is a well-known threat to causal inference in non-experimental studies. The instrumental variable design can under certain conditions be used to recover an unbiased estimator of a treatment effect even if unobserved confounding cannot be ruled out with certainty. For continuous outcomes, two stage least squares is the most common instrumental variable estimator used in epidemiologic applications. For a rare binary outcome, an analogous linear-logistic two stage procedure can be used. Alternatively, a control function approach is sometimes used which entails entering the residual from the first stage linear model for exposure as a covariate in a second stage logistic regression of the outcome on the treatment. Both strategies for binary response have previously formally been justified only for continuous exposure, which has impeded widespread use of the approach outside of this setting. In this note, we consider the important setting of binary exposure in the context of a binary outcome. We provide an alternative motivation for the control function approach which is appropriate for binary exposure, thus establishing simple conditions under which the approach may be used for instrumental variable estimation when the outcome is rare. In the proposed approach, the first stage regression involves a logistic model of the exposure conditional on the instrumental variable, and the second stage regression is a logistic regression of the outcome on the exposure adjusting for the first stage residual. In the event of a non-rare outcome, we recommend replacing the second stage logistic model with a risk ratio regression.
Effect of Deformation Temperatures on High Temperature Tensile Instability of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Bian Hongxia , Zhu Liang , Zhou Hui , Tu Peng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe characteristics of instability have been investigated on two low nickel austenite stainless steel at the temperatures of 950–1200 °C through the uniaxial tensile test and tensile unload test. The results show geometrical instability is not concurrent with load instability in high temperature tensile. The deformation of specimens are uniform before the load instability, then appear non-uniform in some local area of specimen but they do not directly lead to the geometric instability. With the increase of deformation temperature, load instability strain and strain hardening exponent n are both no obvious variation, and load instability true strain is close to n and depends on n. The geometric instability strain and strain rate sensitivity coefficient m both increase with the increase of temperature, and the strain between load instability and geometric instability depends on m and is the main part of the geometric instability strain.
Topicalization versus Left-Dislocation in Biblical Latin
Authors: Bortolussi Bernard , Sznajder Lyliane 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLatin and Old French exhibit a fairly similar range of constructions emphasizing the Topic: Topicalizations and Left-Dislocations. Our aim is to investigate the hypothesis of a continuity from Latin to Romance languages. In this context we look into the data provided by the Vulgate. Indeed Jerome's choices in his translation of the Biblical texts reveal the level of vitality of each construction.Actually Jerome chooses Topicalizations rather than Left-Dislocations, although Left-Dislocations were the usual way of emphasizing Topics in Biblical Hebrew. After a summary of Archaic and Classical Latin constructions, we compare Jerome's strategies on the one hand with the data from Vetus Latina, on the other hand with some contemporary texts, such as Augustine's
Some remarks on intensification of nouns in Latin
Authors: Napoli Maria 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe phenomenon of intensification – intended as the strategy of scaling upwards or downwards the semantic content of linguistic entities belonging to different word classes (i.e., not only adjectives but also nouns and verbs) – has received a great deal of attention from both a synchronic and a diachronic point of view. This paper investigates intensification of Latin nouns in the light of recent research in theoretical linguistics on this topic, by giving a preliminary account of some issues related to the Latin state of affairs. I will examine the strategies employed to intensify nouns in some Plautus' and Cicero's texts, by focusing on the use of adverbs as intensifiers expressing a high degree or the highest degree. Moreover, it will be shown that the approach followed in this paper, based on the individuation of the degree meaning of adjectives, may cast new light on their use as nominal intensifiers in the Latin language. It will be further suggested that in Latin nouns may be strengthened by intensifiers independently of their being gradable or not, as happens in modern languages.
Single-phase high-entropy alloys – an overview
Authors: Kozak Roksolana , Sologubenko Alla , Steurer Walter 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The term “high-entropy alloys (HEAs)” first appeared about 10 years ago defining alloys composed of n=5–13 principal elements with concentrations of approximately 100/n at.% each. Since then many equiatomic (or near equiatomic) single- and multi-phase multicomponent alloys were developed, which are reported for a combination of tunable properties: high hardness, strength and ductility, oxidation and wear resistance, magnetism, etc. In our paper, we focus on probably single-phase HEAs (solid solutions) out of all HEAs studied so far, discuss ways of their prediction, mechanical properties. In contrast to classical multielement/multiphase alloys, only single-phase multielement alloys (solid solutions) represent the basic concept underlying HEAs as mixing-entropy stabilized homogenous materials. The literature overview is complemented by own studies demonstrating that the alloys CrFeCoNi, CrFeCoNiAl0.3 and PdFeCoNi homogenized at 1300 and 1100°C, respectively, for 1 week are not single-phase HEAs, but a coherent mixture of two solid solutions.
An Introduction to Lifetime Testing by Thermogravimetry
Authors: Blaine Roger 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The history of lifetime testing by thermogravimetry is traced from its origin in the electrical industry in the early 20th century, through the development of synthetic polymers and the development of thermal analytic methods, to the present where thermal analytic standards are available. The impact of thermal analysis, especially thermogravimetry, on the past, present, and future of lifetime testing is explored.
Off-Hours Admission to Pediatric Intensive Care and Mortality
Authors: McCrory Michael C. , Gower Emily W. , Simpson Sean L. , Nakagawa Thomas A. , Mou Steven S. , Morris Peter E. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND:
Critically ill patients are admitted to the pediatric ICU at all times, while staffing and other factors may vary by day of the week or time of day. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether admission during off-hours is independently associated with mortality in PICUs.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study of admissions of patients &lt;18 years of age to PICUs was performed using the Virtual PICU Systems (VPS, LLC) database. “Off-hours” was defined as nighttime (7:00 pm to 6:59 am) or weekend (Saturday or Sunday any time). Mixed-effects multivariable regression was performed by using Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) to adjust for severity of illness. Primary outcome was death in the pediatric ICU.

RESULTS:
Data from 234 192 admissions to 99 PICUs from January 2009 to September 2012 were included. When compared with regular weekday admissions, off-hours admissions were less likely to be elective, had a higher risk for mortality by PIM2, and had a higher observed ICU mortality (off-hours 2.7% vs weekdays 2.2%; P &lt; .001). Multivariable regression revealed that, after adjustment for other significant factors, off-hours admission was associated with lower odds of mortality (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.97; P = .004). Post hoc multivariable analysis revealed that admission during the morning period 6:00 am to 10:59 am was independently associated with death (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.39; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Off-hours admission does not independently increase odds of death in the PICU. Admission from 6:00 am to 10:59 am is associated with increased risk for death and warrants further investigation in the PICU population.
Social Media Adoption and Corporate Disclosure
Authors: Zhou Mi (Jamie) , Lei Lijun (Gillian) , Wang Jianling , Fan Weiguo (Patrick) , Wang Alan G. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
This study examines 9,861 public firms to investigate the current adoption status of two popular social media platforms (Facebook™ and Twitter™) and their application in corporate disclosure. The investigation is based on the framework defined by Meek, Roberts, and Gray (1995) and on variations in platform, industry, firm size, time, and intensity (i.e., accounts owned, messages released, and user interaction). The results show that 49 percent of the firms have adopted one platform, and 30 percent have adopted both platforms. However, the numbers of new adopters on both platforms have been decreasing continuously since 2010, even though more than half of the firms are yet to adopt either platform. The results also show that 7.06 percent and 3.45 percent of Facebook and Twitter messages, respectively, are related to corporate disclosures. On average, users respond more quickly to disclosures released on Twitter (13 minutes) than on Facebook (25 minutes), whereas disclosures on Facebook have longer user engagement (427 minutes) than those on Twitter (10 minutes).
Ultramorphological Assessment of Dentin-Resin Interface After Use of Simplified Adhesives
Authors: Marghalani HY , Bakhsh T , Sadr A , Tagami J 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARY
This study assessed dentin-resin interface integration in Class I cavities restored with simplified adhesives by using a focused ion-beam milling (FIB) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Class I cavities (1.5-mm depth with dentin thickness of ∼0.5 mm, 4-mm length, and 2-mm width) were prepared on freshly extracted, sound human molars. Two all-in-one adhesive systems (Scotchbond/Single Bond Universal [SUD] and Xeno-V+ [X5D]) were used and compared with a two-step etch-and-rinse system (Prime&Bond NT [NTD]). The adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' guidelines. A universal resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT Universal) was used to restore the cavities in one bulk filling and was irradiated at 550 mW/cm2 for 40 seconds by a quartz-tungsten-halogen light (Optilux 501). After exposure to liquid nitrogen coolant, the specimens were milled to nanoscale thickness by FIB to view and then assess the area of dentin-resin interface by TEM. Unlike the unfilled X5D, a noticeably smooth transition zone at the dentin-resin interface was shown for the SUD and NTD adhesives. The SUD demonstrated an uneven hybrid layer with clearly demineralized collagen bundles. Ultramorphologically, dispersed needlelike apatite crystals were detected within the partially demineralized dentin or the hybrid layer of both compositionally different all-in-one simplified adhesives. Conversely, these crystals were entirely absent from the hybrid layer of the etch-and-rinse NTD adhesive. In the X5D group, a bright band was noted beneath the hybrid layer. The methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer containing ultramild self-etch adhesive (SUD) was still validated in terms of its capability in dentin adhesion.
Rings Whose Modules are ⊕ -Cofinitely Supplemented
Authors: Türkmen Ergül 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
It is known that a commutative ring R is an artinian principal ideal ring if and only if every left R-module is ⊕-supplemented. In this paper, we show that a commutative ring R is a semiperfect principal ideal ring if every left R-module is ⊕-cofinitely supplemented. The converse holds if R is a max ring. Moreover, we study maximally ⊕- supplemented modules as a proper generalization of ⊕-cofinitely supplemented modules. Using these modules, we also prove that a ring R is semiperfect if and only if every projective left R-module with small radical is supplemented.
A Study on the Para-Holomorphic Sectional Curvature of Para-Kähler Cotangent Bundles
Authors: Druţă-Romaniuc S. L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We obtain the conditions under which the total space T *M of the cotangent bundle, endowed with a natural diagonal para-Kähler structure (G, P), has constant para-holomorphic sectional curvature. Moreover we prove that (T *M,G, P) cannot have nonzero constant para-holomorphic sectional curvature.
The Dynamics of Slovak-Hungarian Relations – The Shift from Language Issues to Legal and Symbolic Questions
Authors: Mihálik Jaroslav , Marušiak Juraj 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Language practice and its official recognition are considered crucial markers of national identities in the region of Central/Eastern Europe. The issue of language rights used to be a vital aspect of the agenda in national movements in the former Austrian (Austrian- Hungarian) Monarchy, together with the process of territorializing and constructing of national identities in the region since the nineteenth century. The protection, persistence, preservation and further development of the national language was introduced as part of the moral obligations and commitments of the members of a community to the constructed national community.
This article examines two discrete yet related research questions that address language. The first one is based on dependence theories and analyzes to what extent the contemporary language policy of the Slovak government and political elites as well as its institutional and legal framework are affected by the decisions adopted in the past which created certain institutional as well as mental frameworks of shaping of the language policy. The second research question is related to the place of the “language issue” in contemporary Slovak domestic political discourse and its role in bilateral relations between Slovak Republic and Hungary with regard to the EU accession in 2004.
Brominated Dioxins: Little-Known New Health Hazards - A Review
Authors: Piskorska-Pliszczyńska Jadwiga , Maszewski Sebastian 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article reviews the present state of the science concerning the polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs). Everywhere in the world people are exposed to anthropogenic origin chemicals. Some of them are long-lived organic compounds, which persist over the years in the environment. Persistent organic pollutants, such as organohalogen compounds, accumulate in environmental and biological compartments and have adverse effects on the health of humans and animals. Little is known about the brominated and mixed chloro/bromo dioxin and furans. Existing literature suggests that brominated dioxins and furans have similar toxicity profiles to their chlorinated analogues. The exposure data are extremely limited, showing a major data gap in estimating the potential environmental and health risk of these chemicals. The rapid increase in the use of brominated flame retardants (the main source of these pollutants) has raised the level of concern over environmental and health damage from brominated dioxins and furans. It is likely that human as well as wildlife exposure to these contaminants will increase with their greater use. The findings reported here present strong evidence of the PBDDs and PBDFs as an emerging new class of contaminants.