bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using decision trees to understand structure in missing data
Authors: Tierney Nicholas J , Harden Fiona A , Harden Maurice J , Mengersen Kerrie L 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesDemonstrate the application of decision trees—classification and regression trees (CARTs), and their cousins, boosted regression trees (BRTs)—to understand structure in missing data.SettingData taken from employees at 3 different industrial sites in Australia.Participants7915 observations were included.Materials and methodsThe approach was evaluated using an occupational health data set comprising results of questionnaires, medical tests and environmental monitoring. Statistical methods included standard statistical tests and the ‘rpart’ and ‘gbm’ packages for CART and BRT analyses, respectively, from the statistical software ‘R’. A simulation study was conducted to explore the capability of decision tree models in describing data with missingness artificially introduced.ResultsCART and BRT models were effective in highlighting a missingness structure in the data, related to the type of data (medical or environmental), the site in which it was collected, the number of visits, and the presence of extreme values. The simulation study revealed that CART models were able to identify variables and values responsible for inducing missingness. There was greater variation in variable importance for unstructured as compared to structured missingness.DiscussionBoth CART and BRT models were effective in describing structural missingness in data. CART models may be preferred over BRT models for exploratory analysis of missing data, and selecting variables important for predicting missingness. BRT models can show how values of other variables influence missingness, which may prove useful for researchers.ConclusionsResearchers are encouraged to use CART and BRT models to explore and understand missing data.
ORGANISATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND THE MODERATING EFFECT OF OPEN INNOVATION STRATEGIES
Authors: HECKER ACHIM , GANTER ALOIS 
Published: June 2015

This paper distinguishes three types of organisational innovation — those in a firm’s knowledge management, workplace, and external relations — and studies their impact on firms’ technological innovation performance. Special attention is paid to the openness and external orientation of a firm’s R&D activities as factor moderating the relationship between organisational and technological innovation. Drawing on the fourth wave of the German part of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS IV), this study shows that organisational innovation acts as an important facilitator of new process (but not product) development. Organisational innovations furthermore prove to be complements (but in some cases also substitutes) to external knowledge sourcing and open innovation strategies.
Mujer, memoria y guerra: de la imagen al cuerpo del performer
Authors: Salcedo Jiménez Oriana Del Mar 
Published: June 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este artigo narra a experiência e mostra os resultados da primeira etapa de investigação do projeto de mestrado “Mulher em luta, mulher em guerra: um estudo de caso da construção da imagem poética na performance”, que vem sendo desenvolvido pela autora, usando como metodologia o laboratório de criação “Imagem, sensação e corpo”, com a finalidade de colocar em questão o papel do performer dentro de um processo criativo. Conclui-se que é importante fazer vibrar em apenas um sentido a sensação, o sentimento e o discurso na cena. </span></p></div></div></div>
CARTOGRAFIA HISTÓRICA E GEOPROCESSAMENTO: O EXEMPLO DOS MAPAS DOS PADRES MATEMÁTICOS, DE 1734, E DO CÁLCULO DE RENDIMENTOS GERAIS DO BISPADO DE MARIANA, DE 1752
Authors: Castro José Flávio Moraes 
Published: June 2015

<p class="Abstract">Os mapas históricos vem sendo objeto de interesse especial de pesquisadores de variadas áreas, pela sua importância como registro de valores culturais da sociedade no espaço e no tempo. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as interfaces entre a Cartografia Histórica e o geoprocessamento, adotando-se, como exemplo, o georreferenciamento e a vetorização dos mapas da Capitania de Minas Gerais elaborados pelos padres matemáticos Diogo Soares e Domingos Capassi, em 1734. Pretende-se, também, representar o cálculo de rendimentos gerais do Bispado de Mariana, de 1752, por meio de mapas temáticos. Propõe-se um roteiro metodológico de utilização do geoprocessamento em informações históricas, fundamentado nos princípios da "Semiologia Gráfica" para o tratamento da informação espacial.</p><p class="Abstract"><em><br /></em></p><!--[endif] -->
A METRÓPOLE SOB A PERSPECTIVA DA ALIENAÇÃO E DA APROPRIAÇÃO DE ESPAÇOS: INCURSÕES PELO CENTRO ANTIGO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Baggio Ulysses Cunha 
Published: June 2015

<p>O artigo se propõe a uma análise da metrópole sob a perspectiva da alienação e da apropriação de espaços, tomando-se como referência empírica a cidade de São Paulo e, mais especificamente, o seu centro antigo. Destacam-se ações e práticas sociais que sugerem contrapontos à mortificação do espaço, sinalizando a apropriações possíveis. Nota do artigo: Esse artigo, com modificações, é produto de minha pesquisa de pós-doutorado, intitulada “Territorializações intersticiais da apropriação de espaços na metrópole paulistana: utopias urbanas do desejo libertário”, realizada junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia Humana da Universidade de São Paulo, entre março de 2012 e fevereiro de 2013, sob a supervisão da profa. Dra. Amélia Luisa Damiani</p>
Field Observations of Surf Zone–Inner Shelf Exchange on a Rip-Channeled Beach
Authors: Brown Jenna A. , MacMahan Jamie H. , Reniers Ad J. H. M. , Thornton Ed B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCross-shore exchange between the surf zone and the inner shelf is investigated using Lagrangian and Eulerian field measurements of rip current flows on a rip-channeled beach in Sand City, California. Surface drifters released on the inner shelf during weak wind conditions moved seaward due to rip current pulses and then returned shoreward in an arcing pattern, reentering the surf zone over shoals. The cross-shore velocities of the seaward- and shoreward-moving drifters were approximately equal in magnitude and decreased as a function of distance offshore. The drifters carried seaward by the rip current had maximum cross-shore velocities as they exited the surf zone and then decelerated as they moved offshore. The drifters moving shoreward accelerated as they approached the surfzone boundary with maximum cross-shore velocities as they reentered the surf zone over shoals. It was found that Stokes drift was not solely responsible for the onshore transport across the surfzone boundary. The cross-shore diffusivity on the inner shelf was greatest during observations of locally contained cross-shore exchange. These field observations provide evidence that the cross-shore exchange between the surf zone and inner shelf on a rip-channeled beach is due to wave-driven rip current circulations and results in surface material being contained within the nearshore region.
Sensitivity of Central Oklahoma Convection Forecasts to Upstream Potential Vorticity Anomalies during Two Strongly Forced Cases during MPEX
Authors: Torn Ryan D. , Romine Glen S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The role of upstream subsynoptic forecast errors on forecasts of two different central Oklahoma severe convection events (19 and 31 May 2013) characterized by strong synoptic forcing during the Mesoscale Predictability Experiment (MPEX) are evaluated by applying the ensemble-based sensitivity technique to WRF ensemble forecasts with explicit convection. During both cases, the forecast of the timing and intensity of convection over central Oklahoma is modulated by the southward extent of upstream midtropospheric potential vorticity anomalies that are moving through the base of a larger-scale upstream trough but pass by central Oklahoma prior to convective initiation. In addition, the convection forecasts are also sensitive to the position of lower-tropospheric boundaries, such that moving the boundaries in a manner that would lead to increased equivalent potential temperature over central Oklahoma prior to convective initiation leads to more precipitation. Statistical PV inversion and correlation calculations suggest that the midtropospheric PV and near-surface boundary sensitivities are not independent; the winds associated with the PV error can modulate the position of the lower-tropospheric boundary through advection in a manner consistent with the implied sensitivity. As a consequence, it appears that reducing the uncertainty in specific upstream subsynoptic features prior to convective initiation could improve subsequent forecasts of severe convection.
Co-production in healthcare: rhetoric and practice
Authors: Vennik Femke D. , van de Bovenkamp Hester M. , Putters Kim , Grit Kor J. 
Published: June 2015

Co-production in healthcare is receiving increasing attention; however, insight into the process of co-production is scarce. This article explores why hospitals involve patients and staff in co-production activities and hospitals’ experiences with co-production in practice. A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews ( N = 27), observations (70 hours) and document analysis was conducted in five Dutch hospitals, which involved patients and staff in order to improve services. The results show that hospitals have different motives to involve patients and staff and have adapted existing methods to involve patients. Interestingly, areas of improvement proposed by patients were often already known. However, the process of co-production did contribute to quality improvement in other ways. The process of co-production stimulated hospitals’ thinking about how to realize quality improvements. Quality improvements were facilitated by this process as seeing patients and hearing their experiences created a sense of urgency among staff to act on the improvement issues raised. Moreover, the experiences served to legitimatize improvements to higher management bodies. Points for practitioners Different participation methods can bring patients’ experiences with healthcare services to the fore, which can be used for quality improvement. Our study shows that adapting existing methods to local hospital resources is likely to be beneficial for co-production processes within a given context. However, adapting and tailoring also poses risks. Tailoring activities, such as using criteria to select patients, influence what is considered to be legitimate patient input. In addition, as the co-production process is important, the method should consist of an organized trajectory in which patients and staff are involved and personal experiences are presented. Therefore, project teams need to critically reflect on the consequences of adaptations and tailoring actions, and their desirability, when carrying out quality improvement projects.
Migraine diagnosis and treatment: A knowledge and needs assessment among primary care providers
Authors: Minen Mia T , Loder Elizabeth , Tishler Lori , Silbersweig David 
Published: June 2015

Background Studies reveal that migraine is often under-recognized, misdiagnosed and inadequately treated in the primary care setting. Objective The objective of this article is to assess primary care providers’ (PCP) knowledge and needs regarding migraine diagnosis and management. Methods We held semi-structured group interviews and distributed a brief questionnaire to PCPs in our hospital network. Building on the information from the interviews, we developed a comprehensive survey assessing PCPs’ knowledge about migraine. Descriptive analyses were performed. Results The initial interviews and brief questionnaires revealed that PCPs are aware of the prevalence of migraine but are uncertain about the details of management. Eighty-three of 120 physicians completed the comprehensive survey. Only 47% would order imaging for a new type of headache, 31% for worsening headache, and 35% for a headache unresponsive to treatment. Only 28% were familiar with the American Academy of Neurology guidelines on preventive treatment and 40% were familiar with the Choosing Wisely Campaign recommendations on migraine treatment. Just 34% were aware that opioids can cause medication-overuse headache. Non-pharmacologic treatment was not usually recommended. PCPs favored educational opportunities involving direct contact with headache physicians (56%). Conclusions PCPs are not universally aware of the specific recommendations for managing migraine patients. Future work should focus on innovative ways to provide decision support and education for PCPs caring for migraineurs.
Treatment of medication-overuse headache: A systematic review
Authors: Chiang Chia-Chun , Schwedt Todd J , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Dodick David W 
Published: June 2015

Introduction The objective of this review is to provide an evidence-based discussion of different treatment strategies for medication-overuse headache (MOH). Method We searched PubMed for articles discussing the treatment and prognosis of MOH published between 2004 and August 2014. Titles, abstract and articles were reviewed systematically. The level of evidence provided by each study of the included articles was determined according to the American Academy of Neurology Clinical practice guideline manual. We discuss the level of evidence to support the early discontinuation/withdrawal of overused medications, the level of evidence to support the use of preventive treatment, the short- and long-term prognosis, and the outcome according to the class of drug overused in patients diagnosed with MOH. Results The initial search resulted in 1313 articles; 68 articles met our inclusion criteria and were discussed. The level of evidence to support early discontinuation of overused medications alone is low due to the absence of controlled studies. Adding preventive medication to early discontinuation led to a better outcome than early discontinuation alone. For patients with chronic migraine (CM) and medication overuse (MO), there are large randomized control trials supporting the use of onabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate without early discontinuation of overuse; however, the evidence is limited since data were obtained from post hoc analysis. Conclusion Considering current available evidence and the systemic toxicity of overusing acute headache medication, we suggest discontinuation of the overused medication with the addition of preventive medication. Appropriately sized, randomized controlled trials evaluating the safety and long-term efficacy of preventive medication plus early discontinuation of overuse vs preventive medication alone vs early discontinuation of overuse alone are needed.
Increased Lateral Tibial Slope Is a Risk Factor for Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Dare David M. , Fabricant Peter D. , McCarthy Moira M. , Rebolledo Brian J. , Green Daniel W. , Cordasco Frank A. , Jones Kristofer J. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Increased posterior tibial slope is associated with increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in adults. A similar association has not been rigorously examined in children and adolescents. Purpose: To determine whether alterations in posterior tibial slope are associated with ACL tears in pediatric and adolescent patients and to quantify changes in tibial slope by age. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the knee were reviewed by 3 raters blinded to each other in a 1:1 sample of cases and age- and sex-matched controls. A total of 76 skeletally immature ACL-injured knees were compared with 76 knees without ACL injury; the mean age of the study population was 14.8 ± 1.3 years. The posterior slope of the articular surface of the medial tibial plateau and lateral tibial plateau was measured by use of a method similar to that used in previous studies in adult populations. The current study technique differed in that the slope was measured on the cartilage surface, not the subchondral bone. Comparisons between knees were made with t tests, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess changes in tibial slope with advancing age. Results: Increased slope of the lateral tibial plateau (LTS) was significantly increased in ACL-injured patients compared with controls (5.7° ± 2.4° vs 3.4° ± 1.7°; P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference in the slope of the medial tibial plateau (MTS) in the ACL-injured and control knees (5.4° ± 2.2° vs 5.1° ± 2.3°; P = .42). There was no difference in LTS between male and female patients (4.46° vs 4.58°; P = .75). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the LTS revealed that a posterior tibial slope cutoff of >4° resulted in a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 75% for predicting ACL tears in this cohort. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that MTS and LTS decreased, or flattened, by 0.31° ( P = .028, correlation coefficient r = −0.18) and 0.37° ( P = .009, correlation coefficient r = −0.21) per year, respectively, as adolescents age. Conclusion: The LTS was significantly associated with an increased risk of ACL injury in pediatric and adolescent patients. The MTS was not associated with risk of injury. Posterior slope was found to decrease, or flatten, with age. A cutoff of >4° for the posterior slope of the lateral compartment is 76% sensitive and 75% specific for predicting ACL injury in this cohort. The LTS did not influence the incidence of ACL injury differently between sexes.
Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fatigue Failure Is Increased by Limited Internal Femoral Rotation During In Vitro Repeated Pivot Landings
Authors: Beaulieu Mélanie L. , Wojtys Edward M. , Ashton-Miller James A. 
Published: June 2015

Background: A reduced range of hip internal rotation is associated with increased peak anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) strain and risk for injury. It is unknown, however, whether limiting the available range of internal femoral rotation increases the susceptibility of the ACL to fatigue failure. Hypothesis: Risk of ACL failure is significantly greater in female knee specimens with a limited range of internal femoral rotation, smaller femoral-ACL attachment angle, and smaller tibial eminence volume during repeated in vitro simulated single-leg pivot landings. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A custom-built testing apparatus was used to simulate repeated single-leg pivot landings with a 4×-body weight impulsive load that induces knee compression, knee flexion, and internal tibial torque in 32 paired human knee specimens from 8 male and 8 female donors. These test loads were applied to each pair of specimens, in one knee with limited internal femoral rotation and in the contralateral knee with femoral rotation resisted by 2 springs to simulate the active hip rotator muscles’ resistance to stretch. The landings were repeated until ACL failure occurred or until a minimum of 100 trials were executed. The angle at which the ACL originates from the femur and the tibial eminence volume were measured on magnetic resonance images. Results: The final Cox regression model ( P = .024) revealed that range of internal femoral rotation and sex of donor were significant factors in determining risk of ACL fatigue failure. The specimens with limited range of internal femoral rotation had a failure risk 17.1 times higher than did the specimens with free rotation ( P = .016). The female knee specimens had a risk of ACL failure 26.9 times higher than the male specimens ( P = .055). Conclusion: Limiting the range of internal femoral rotation during repetitive pivot landings increases the risk of an ACL fatigue failure in comparison with free rotation in a cadaveric model. Clinical Relevance: Screening for restricted internal rotation at the hip in ACL injury prevention programs as well as in individuals with ACL injuries and/or reconstructions is warranted.
Virtual research visits and direct-to-consumer genetic testing in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dorsey E Ray , Darwin Kristin C , Mohammed Samara , Donohue Sean , Tethal Alyssa , Achey Meredith A , Ward Susan , Caughey Elaine , Conley Emily D , Eriksson Nicholas , Ravina Bernard 
Published: June 2015

Objective The purpose of this study was to conduct a proof-of-concept study to evaluate remote recruitment and assessment of individuals (“virtual research visits”) with Parkinson's disease who have pursued direct-to-consumer genetic testing. Methods Participants in 23andMe’s “Parkinson’s Research Community” were contacted by 23andMe. Fifty willing participants living in 23 states underwent a remote, standardized assessment including cognitive and motor tests by a neurologist via video conferencing and then completed a survey. Primary outcomes assessed were (a) proportion of participants who completed the remote assessments; (b) level of agreement (using Cohen’s kappa coefficient) of patient-reported data with that of a neurologist; and (c) interest in future virtual research visits. Results The self-reported diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease was confirmed in all cases ( k = 1.00). The level of agreement for age of symptom onset ( k = 0.97) and family history ( k = 0.85) was very good but worse for falling ( k = 0.59), tremor ( k = 0.56), light-headedness ( k = 0.31), and urine control ( k = 0.15). Thirty-eight (76%) of the 50 participants completed a post-assessment survey, and 87% of respondents said they would be more or much more willing to participate in future clinical trials if they could do research visits remotely. Conclusion Remote clinical assessments of individuals with known genotypes were conducted nationally and rapidly from a single site, confirmed self-reported diagnosis, and were received favorably. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing and virtual research visits together may enable characterization of genotype and phenotype for geographically diverse populations.
Overuse Injuries in Professional Ballet
Authors: Sobrino Francisco José , de la Cuadra Crótida , Guillén Pedro 
Published: June 2015

Background Despite overuse injuries being previously described as the most frequent in ballet, there are no studies on professional dancers providing the specific clinical diagnoses or type of injury based on the discipline. Hypothesis Overuse injuries are the most frequent injuries in ballet, with differences in the type and frequency of injuries based on discipline. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed between January 1, 2005, and October 10, 2010, on injuries occurring in professional dancers from leading Spanish dance companies who practiced disciplines such as classical, neoclassical, contemporary, and Spanish ballet. Data, including type of injury, were obtained from specialized medical services at the Trauma Service, Fremap, Madrid, Spain. Results A total of 486 injuries were evaluated, a significant number of which were overuse disorders ( P < .0001), especially in the most technically demanding discipline of classical ballet (82.60%). Injuries were more frequent among female dancers (75.90%) and classical ballet (83.60%). A statistically significant prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome was found in the classical discipline ( P = .007). Injuries of the adductor muscles of the thigh ( P = .001) and of the low back facet ( P = .02) in the Spanish ballet discipline and lateral snapping hip ( P = .02) in classical and Spanish ballet disciplines were significant. Conclusion Overuse injuries were the most frequent injuries among the professional dancers included in this study. The prevalence of injuries was greater for the most technically demanding discipline (classical ballet) as well as for women. Patellofemoral pain syndrome was the most prevalent overuse injury, followed by Achilles tendinopathy, patellar tendinopathy, and mechanical low back pain. Clinical Relevance Specific clinical diagnoses and injury-based differences between the disciplines are a key factor in ballet.