bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal ideations and sleep‐related problems in early adolescence
Authors: Franić Tomislav , Kralj Žana , Marčinko Darko , Knez Rajna , Kardum Goran 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimsSuicidal ideation and sleep‐related problems are associated with many common psychopathological entities in early adolescence. This study examined possible association between suicidal ideation and sleep‐related problems.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in classroom settings at 840 early adolescents 11–13 years of age. Of those, 791 adolescents fully completed the data and thus represent an actual sample. Suicidal ideations were assessed with three dichotomous (yes/no) items: ‘I often think about death’; ‘I wish I was dead’; ‘I often think about suicide.’ A composite measure of perceived sleep‐related problems was formed by combining items from the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Do you find it hard to sleep at night because you are worrying about things?), Children Depression Inventory (It is hard for me to fall asleep at night), and two additional dichotomous questions (I often was not able to fall asleep because of worrying; At times I was not able to stay asleep because of worrying). This score mainly assessed difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep.ResultsA total of 7.1% adolescents reported suicidal ideation and 86.7% of them had sleep problems. Sleep‐related problems were associated with any suicidal ideation and each type of ideation separately.ConclusionThis study suggests association of sleep problems and suicidal ideations in early adolescence. Therefore, clinicians should evaluate this population for sleep disturbances, as they might be a marker of increased risk for suicidality.
The loss of indirect interactions leads to cascading extinctions of carnivores
Authors: Sanders Dirk , Sutter Louis , van Veen F. J. Frank 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSpecies extinctions are biased towards higher trophic levels, and primary extinctions are often followed by unexpected secondary extinctions. Currently, predictions on the vulnerability of ecological communities to extinction cascades are based on models that focus on bottom‐up effects, which cannot capture the effects of extinctions at higher trophic levels. We show, in experimental insect communities, that harvesting of single carnivorous parasitoid species led to a significant increase in extinction rate of other parasitoid species, separated by four trophic links. Harvesting resulted in the release of prey from top‐down control, leading to increased interspecific competition at the herbivore trophic level. This resulted in increased extinction rates of non‐harvested parasitoid species when their host had become rare relative to other herbivores. The results demonstrate a mechanism for horizontal extinction cascades, and illustrate that altering the relationship between a predator and its prey can cause wide‐ranging ripple effects through ecosystems, including unexpected extinctions.
Effects of habitat size and isolation on species immigration–extinction dynamics and community nestedness in a desert river system
Authors: Miyazono Seiji , Taylor Christopher M. 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Habitat fragmentation is one of the major causes of local and regional species extinctions in freshwater ecosystems. To predict future trends in community composition, and the potential sequence of extinctions due to fragmentation of the river continuum, it is important to understand how habitat size and isolation affect the dynamics of species immigrations and extinctions and patterns of abundance and occupancy.

We examined fish immigration and extinction rates, and abundance and occupancy patterns, in relation to habitat isolation, size and variability in the Rio Grande and its tributaries in the Trans‐Pecos region of Texas, U.S.A.

Our results indicated that as habitat isolation increased in tributaries, fish immigration and extinction rates and riverine species abundances decreased. Fish assemblages showed significant nested subset patterns across the study sites, and the influence of habitat size and isolation on the nested subset patterns varied with spatial scale. Certain non‐native fish taxa were idiosyncratic, reducing the strength of the nested subset pattern.

The high temporal species turnover in connected habitats was related to the movement of riverine fish species between the mainstem and mouths of tributaries. High persistence of spring‐adapted species decreased extinction rate in isolated habitats.

Increasing the spatial scale of the study system probably resulted in an increased ability to detect dispersal limitation between the mainstem and its tributaries. Large, deep pools decreased local extinction of certain native fish taxa in upstream tributaries. The deviation from the nested subset pattern was attributed to the unique regional occupancy of non‐native fish taxa that could be associated with their artificial introduction into this system.

Our results suggest that increased habitat fragmentation by human activities can accelerate the regional extinction of certain native fish taxa and the dominance of ecologically tolerant, possibly non‐native fish, leading to a decline in regional diversity.
Effect of anaerobic digestion residue vs. livestock manure and inorganic fertilizer on the hygienic quality of silage and haylage in bales
Authors: Müller C. E. , Johansson M. , Salomonsson A.‐C. , Albihn A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn increased recycling of nutrients from organic waste to support feed and food production is important for achieving sustainability. However, organic waste may contain undesired microorganisms that may increase the risk of impaired hygienic quality of feeds when used in forage‐cropping systems. This study aimed to investigate how the hygienic quality of silage and haylage was affected after fertilization of grassland with organic fertilizers [anaerobic digestion residue (ADR) pasteurized before spreading, or liquid cattle manure] compared with inorganic NPK fertilization. The experiment was performed on the same grass ley for 2 years, with fertilization carried out before each harvest (year 1, two harvests; year 2, one harvest). The crop was conserved as silage (300 g DM kg−1) and haylage (500 g DM kg−1) in bales (ca 40–55 kg) stored for 1, 5 or 10 months before opening, including effects of storage time and conservation method (silage or haylage) on hygienic quality. Results showed that ADR‐treated crops did not produce silage or haylage with higher microbial counts in comparison with manure‐treated crops on any occasion. The fermentation pattern in silage and haylage from ADR‐treated crops was similar to the pattern in manure‐treated crops. The use of inorganic fertilizer sometimes produced lower pH and higher content of lactic acid in silage, compared with using organic fertilizers. In conclusion, ADR could be used as an organic fertilizer for forage crops without increased risk of impaired hygienic quality compared with using liquid manure or inorganic NPK fertilizers.
Efficacy of antiseptics containing povidone‐iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride and ethacridine lactate against biofilm formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus measured with the novel biofilm‐oriented antiseptics test
Authors: Junka Adam , Bartoszewicz Marzenna , Smutnicka Danuta , Secewicz Anna , Szymczyk Patrycja 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIncreasing data suggesting that microorganisms in the biofilm form are among the leading agents of persistent infections of chronic wounds require the development of new approaches to treatment. The aim of this article was to compare the efficacy of three commonly used antiseptics using a biofilm‐oriented approach. Biofilm‐oriented antiseptics test (BOAT), the innovative method, allows to estimate, in a quick and reliable manner, the in vitro activity of working solutions of antiseptics in real contact times against bacteria in the biofilm form and to use the results in the selection of an appropriate antiseptic to treat local infections in the clinical practice.
A common variant in the FTO locus is associated with waist–hip ratio in Indian adolescents
Authors: Vasan S. K. , Fall T. , Job V. , Gu H. F. , Ingelsson E. , Brismar K. , Karpe F. , Thomas N. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryBackgroundCommon variants in the FTO locus, and near MC4R locus, have been shown to have a robust association with obesity in children and adults among various ethnic groups. Associations with obesity traits among Indian adolescents have not been determined.ObjectiveTo study the association of rs9939609 (FTO) and rs17782313 (MC4R) to obesity related anthropometric traits in Indian adolescents.MethodsSubjects for the current study were recruited from a cross‐sectional cohort of 1,230 adolescents (age mean ± SD: 17.1 ± 1.9 years) from South India.ResultsThe variant at the FTO locus was found to be associated with waist‐hip ratio (WHR) but not with overall obesity in this population. No significant association was observed for obesity‐traits and Mc4R variant rs17782313.ConclusionThe common variant of FTO (rs9939609) is associated with body fat distribution during early growth in Indian adolescents and may predispose to obesity and metabolic consequences in adulthood.
Is there spontaneous energy expenditure compensation in response to intensive exercise in obese youth?
Authors: Thivel D. , Aucouturier J. , Metz L. , Morio B. , Duché P. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Acute exercise may lead to subsequent energy expenditure compensation.
Intensive exercise may favor a higher compensation than low or moderate exercises.
What this study adds
This post‐exercise compensation might occur only in overweight/obese youth and not in lean.
This work used objective measures of energy expenditure compare to previous work.
BackgroundPhysical activity is mainly used in weight control strategies to favour energy expenditure. Some evidence suggests that exercise might not have the expected impact on energy balance, and may actually cause a decrease in the subsequent physical activity energy expenditure.ObjectiveTo question the impact of an acute exercise session of varying intensities on daily energy expenditure in lean and obese adolescents.MethodsData from three separate studies conducted in lean and obese 12–15 years old adolescents (study 1: 12 obese; study 2: 10 obese and nine lean; study 3: 15 obese) have been used. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) was assessed in studies 1 and 2 during an exercise condition with an exercise bout at 70%VO2max (EX) and a rest day (REST) (using Actiheart and Armbands, respectively). In study 3, DEE was assessed in calorimetric chambers during (i) a high intensity exercise condition (HIE ‐ 75%VO2max) and (ji) a condition with a low intensity exercise (LIE ‐ 40%VO2max) and (iii) a rest condition (REST).ResultsMorning energy expenditure was significantly higher during the exercise conditions whatever the intensity compared with rest. Afternoon energy expenditure was significantly lower following HIE compared to the rest condition in studies 2 and 3. Afternoon energy expenditure was not significantly different between LIE and REST in study 2. Total DEE was not significantly different between conditions in the three studies.ConclusionObese adolescents seem to show a compensatory response to an acute session of HIE (>70%VO2max) by decreasing their following physical activity energy expenditure. Although HIE favours body composition, physical fitness and metabolic profile improvements, this induced compensatory energy expenditure response has to be considered to optimize its effect on weight loss.
Low‐Temperature Dielectric Relaxations Associated with Mixed‐Valent Structure in Na0.5Bi0.5Cu3Ti4O12
Authors: Sun Xiaohong , Wang Chunchang , Wang Guojing , Lei Changmei , Li Teng , Liu Lina 
Published: February 2013

We, herein, present comparative investigations on the Na0.5Bi0.5Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic samples with and without 10 mol% excess of Na/Bi. The samples were prepared by the standard solid‐state reaction technique. The dielectric properties of the sample were investigated in the temperature (93–320 K) and frequency (20 Hz–10 MHz) windows. Three thermally activated dielectric relaxations observed in Na0.5Bi0.5Cu3Ti4O12 with the activation energies of 0.104, 0.267, and 0.365 eV for the low‐, middle‐, and high‐temperature dielectric relaxations, respectively. Only the low‐temperature relaxation was observed in both Na and Bi excessive samples. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy results revealed the mixed‐valent structures of Cu+/Cu2+ and Ti3+/Ti4+ in Na0.5Bi0.5Cu3Ti4O12 sample, but only Ti3+/Ti4+ in Na and Bi excessive samples. Our results showed that the dielectric properties of the investigated samples are strongly linked with these mixed‐valent structures. The high‐ and low‐temperature relaxations were attributed to be a polaron‐type relaxation due to localized carriers hopping between Cu+/Cu2+ and Ti3+/Ti4+, respectively. The middle‐temperature relaxation is suggested to be a dipole‐type relaxation caused by the defect complex of bismuth and oxygen vacancies.
Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards aged sexuality: validity and internal consistency of the Dutch version of the Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale
Authors: Mahieu Lieslot , de Casterlé Bernadette Dierckx , Van Elssen Kim , Gastmans Chris 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThis paper reports a study testing the content and face validity and internal consistency of the Dutch version of the Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale.BackgroundThe ability of older residents to sexually express themselves is known to be influenced by the knowledge and attitudes of nursing home staff towards later‐life sexuality. Although the Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale is a widely used instrument to measure this, there is no validated, Dutch translation available.DesignInstrument development.MethodFollowing a standard forward/backward translation into Dutch, the scale was further adapted for use in Flemish nursing home settings. Content and face validity and user‐friendliness were assessed. The psychometric properties were determined by means of an exploratory study. Data were collected from March–April 2011 at eight Flemish nursing homes. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency and item–total correlations.ResultsBoth subscales of the Flemish adaptation showed acceptable content validity. The face validity and user‐friendliness were deemed favourable with hardly any remarks given by the expert panel. The Cronbach's α was 0·80 and 0·88 for the knowledge and attitude subscales, respectively. The item–total correlations ranged from 0·21–0·48 for the knowledge section and from 0·09–0·68 for the attitude subscale.ConclusionWe conclude from our study that the Dutch version of the scale has acceptable to good psychometric properties. The Flemish adaptation therefore seems to be a valuable instrument for studying nursing staff's knowledge and attitudes towards aged sexuality in Flanders.
The importance of preoperative information for patient participation in colorectal surgery care
Authors: Aasa Agneta , Hovbäck Malin , Berterö Carina M 
Published: February 2013

Aims and objectivesTo identify and describe patients' experiences of a preoperative information session with a nurse, as part of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept, and its impact on patient participation in their own care.BackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery is a standardised, multimodal treatment programme for elective colorectal surgery, leading to faster recovery and shorter hospital stays via interprofessional collaboration. The ERAS concept is initiated for patients a week before surgery when the patient receives detailed information about the care process during a meeting with a nurse.DesignThe study is a qualitative interpretive study based on interviews.MethodsTwelve patients, nine men and three women, were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA).ResultsThe analysis identified and formulated five themes: being seen, security, trust, responsibility and participation. All themes are closely related and illustrate positive and negative sides of the patient's experience. They hang together and form a complete set of experiences: ERAS conversation and its impact on patients' participation.ConclusionsThe results show that patients feel confirmed in the ERAS conversation. Healthcare professionals need to be bonding more information call during hospitalisation. It is important to confirm the patient in order for them to participate and take responsibility. Reliance on caregivers is important for patients to feel safe and to participate in their own care. This study shows that the ERAS conversation was experienced as being structured and individually tailored, but the information must apply to the patients throughout the period of care.Relevance to clinical practiceSome shortcomings have been revealed, which should enable improvement in the care of patients. Healthcare professionals need to raise awareness of patients' responsibilities for participation in their own recovery and care. Healthcare professionals and patients need to be aware of each other's responsibilities.
Assessment of mastication in healthy children and children with cerebral palsy: a validity and consistency study
Authors: Remijn L. , Speyer R. , Groen B. E. , Holtus P. C. M. , van Limbeek J. , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden M. W. G. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to develop the Mastication Observation and Evaluation instrument for observing and assessing the chewing ability of children eating solid and lumpy foods. This study describes the process of item definition and item selection and reports the content validity, reproducibility and consistency of the instrument. In the developmental phase, 15 experienced speech therapists assessed item relevance and descriptions over three Delphi rounds. Potential items were selected based on the results from a literature review. At the initial Delphi round, 17 potential items were included. After three Delphi rounds, 14 items that regarded as providing distinctive value in assessment of mastication (consensus >75%) were included in the Mastication Observation and Evaluation instrument. To test item reproducibility and consistency, two experts and five students evaluated video recordings of 20 children (10 children with cerebral palsy aged 29–65 months and 10 healthy children aged 11–42 months) eating bread and a biscuit. Reproducibility was estimated by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). With the exception of one item concerning chewing duration, all items showed good to excellent intra‐observer agreement (ICC students: 0·73–1·0). With the exception of chewing duration and number of swallows, inter‐observer agreement was fair to excellent for all items (ICC experts: 0·68–1·0 and ICC students: 0·42–1·0). Results indicate that this tool is a feasible instrument and could be used in clinical practice after further research is completed on the reliability of the tool.
GK4, a G‐protein‐coupled receptor with a phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase domain in Phytophthora infestans, is involved in sporangia development and virulence
Authors: Hua Chenlei , Meijer Harold J. G. , de Keijzer Jeroen , Zhao Wei , Wang Yuanchao , Govers Francine 
Published: February 2013

SummaryFor dispersal and host infection plant pathogens largely depend on asexual spores. Pathogenesis and sporulation are complex processes that are governed by cellular signalling networks including G‐protein and phospholipid signalling. Oomycetes possess a family of novel proteins called GPCR‐PIPKs (GKs) that are composed of a seven‐transmembrane spanning (7‐TM) domain fused to a phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) domain. Based on this domain structure GKs are anticipated to link G‐protein and phospholipid signal pathways; however, their functions are currently unknown. Expression analyses of the 12 GK genes in Phytophthora infestans and their orthologues in Phytophthora sojae, revealed differential expression during asexual development. PiGK1 and PiGK4 were fused to monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) and ectopically expressed in P. infestans. In growing hyphae different subcellular distribution patterns were observed indicating that these two GKs act independently during development. We focused on the functional analyses of PiGK4. Its localization suggested involvement in cell differentiation and elongation and its 7‐TM domain showed a canonical GPCR membrane topology. Silencing of GK4 and overexpression of full‐length and truncated constructs in P. infestans revealed that PiGK4 is not only involved in spore germination and hyphal elongation but also in sporangia cleavage and infection.
Performance of a new dynamic model for predicting diurnal time courses of stomatal conductance at the leaf level
Authors: VIALET‐CHABRAND SILVÈRE , DREYER ERWIN , BRENDEL OLIVER 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUnder natural conditions, plants are subjected to continuous changes of irradiance that drive variations of stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs). We propose a dynamic model to predict the temporal response ofgsat the leaf level using an asymmetric sigmoid function with a unique parameter describing time constants for increasing and decreasinggs. The model parameters were adjusted to observed data usingApproximateBayesianComputation. We tested the model performance for (1) instant changes of irradiance; or (2) continuous and controlled variations of irradiance simulating diurnal time courses. Compared with the two mostly used steady‐state models, our dynamic model described daily time courses ofgswith a higher accuracy. In particular, it was able to describe the hysteresis ofgsresponses to increasing/decreasing irradiance and the resulting rapid variations of intrinsic water‐use efficiency. Compared to the mechanistic model of temporal responses ofgsbyKirschbaum,Gross &Pearcy, for which time constants were estimated with a large variance, our model estimated time constants with a higher precision. It is expected to improve predictions of water loss and water‐use efficiency in higher scale models by using a small number of parameters.