bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and Reactivity of the Terminal Vanadium Nitride Functionality
Authors: Tran Ba L. , Krzystek J. , Ozarowski Andrew , Chen Chung‐Hsing , Pink Maren , Karty Jonathan A. , Telser Joshua , Meyer Karsten , Mindiola Daniel J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe transformation of vanadium(III) azides, [(nacnac)V(N3)(X)]n {nacnac = [ArNC(CH3)]2CH–, Ar = 2,6‐(CHMe2)2C6H3; X = Ntol2–, where tol = 4‐MeC6H4, n = 1; X = ArO–, n = 2}, to their corresponding vanadium(V) nitrides, [(nacnac)V≡N(X)], was investigated through an isotopic labeling crossover experiment. The nuclearity of the azide species is dependent on the size of the supporting ligand, X, with X = ArO–, thus featuring a V2N6 core with two μ2‐1,3‐N3 bridging ligands across the VIII centers. SQUID magnetization studies and multifrequency, high‐field EPR (HFEPR) experiments reveal the mononuclear azide complex to be consistent with an S = 1 system, while the dimeric azide system is weakly antiferromagnetically coupled with a spin singlet ground state and thermally accessible triplet and quintet states. These combined results suggest that the transformation of a vanadium(III) azide to a vanadium(V) nitride most likely occurs by a bimetallic mechanism, where Lewis bases inhibit N2 extrusion. Room‐temperature generation of the nitride products from their corresponding azides can also be accomplished stoichiometrically with a Lewis acid, such as B(C6F5)3, and catalytically, through an unsaturated vanadium(II) fragment, [(nacnac)V(Ntol2)].
Climate change and watershed mercury export: a multiple projection and model analysis
Authors: Golden Heather E. , Knightes Christopher D. , Conrads Paul A. , Feaster Toby D. , Davis Gary M. , Benedict Stephen T. , Bradley Paul M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Future shifts in climatic conditions may impact watershed mercury (Hg) dynamics and transport. An ensemble of watershed models was applied in the present study to simulate and evaluate the responses of hydrological and total Hg (THg) fluxes from the landscape to the watershed outlet and in-stream THg concentrations to contrasting climate change projections for a watershed in the southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Simulations were conducted under stationary atmospheric deposition and land cover conditions to explicitly evaluate the effect of projected precipitation and temperature on watershed Hg export (i.e., the flux of Hg at the watershed outlet). Based on downscaled inputs from 2 global circulation models that capture extremes of projected wet (Community Climate System Model, Ver 3 [CCSM3]) and dry (ECHAM4/HOPE-G [ECHO]) conditions for this region, watershed model simulation results suggest a decrease of approximately 19% in ensemble-averaged mean annual watershed THg fluxes using the ECHO climate-change model and an increase of approximately 5% in THg fluxes with the CCSM3 model. Ensemble-averaged mean annual ECHO in-stream THg concentrations increased 20%, while those of CCSM3 decreased by 9% between the baseline and projected simulation periods. Watershed model simulation results using both climate change models suggest that monthly watershed THg fluxes increase during the summer, when projected flow is higher than baseline conditions. The present study's multiple watershed model approach underscores the uncertainty associated with climate change response projections and their use in climate change management decisions. Thus, single-model predictions can be misleading, particularly in developmental stages of watershed Hg modeling. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2165–2174. © 2013 SETAC
Who Will We Recruit? Targeting Deep‐ and Surface‐Level Diversity with Human Resource Policy Advertising
Authors: Casper Wendy J. , Wayne Julie Holliday , Manegold Jennifer Grace 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResearch on targeted recruitment has focused on targeting applicants with surface‐level attributes such as underrepresented demographic groups. The present study extends targeted recruitment research by examining how advertising human resource policies might be useful for targeting both surface‐ and deep‐level attributes. Specifically, the current study uses an experimental design to examine the impact of work‐family, diversity, and employee development policies on the job‐pursuit intentions of working adults in the United States. We examined surface‐ (demographic characteristics; e.g., race) and deep‐level differences (attitudes or values; e.g., diversity values) as predictors of whether participants intend to pursue jobs with firms advertising these human resource (HR) policies. Deep‐level differences consistently predicted job‐pursuit intentions for all three HR policies, but only marginal support was obtained for surface‐level variables as predictors. Findings suggest that targeted recruitment based on deep‐level attributes may be more successful than targeted recruitment based on surface‐level factors.
Pay‐Level Satisfaction and Employee Outcomes: The Moderating Effect of Employee‐Involvement Climate
Authors: Schreurs Bert , Guenter Hannes , Schumacher Désirée , Van Emmerik IJ. Hetty , Notelaers Guy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe present study examined employee‐involvement climate (i.e., information‐sharing and decision‐making climate) as a moderator of the relationship between pay‐level satisfaction and employee outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, affective commitment, and turnover intention). Survey data were collected from 22,662 Belgian employees, representing 134 organizations. The hypotheses derived from distributive justice theory and from research on the meaning of pay received partial support. Multilevel analyses revealed that a decision‐making climate buffered the negative effects of low pay‐level satisfaction, and that an information‐sharing climate exacerbated the negative effects of low pay‐level satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications of this differential moderating effect are discussed.
Fluorescent Nucleoside Analogs: Probes for Investigating Nucleic Acid Structure and Function
Authors: Tanpure Arun A. , Pawar Maroti G. , Srivatsan Seergazhi G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBase‐modified fluorescent nucleoside analog probes have been very valuable in the study of nucleic acid structure and function. Many of them structurally resemble natural bases, and also display useful properties, such as large Stokes shifts and sensitivity to microenvironment changes. Therefore, unlike traditional fluorescence probes, which mostly report global changes, nucleoside analogs, when incorporated into oligonucleotides, can photophysically report changes that occur around the site of interest, at the nucleotide level. In this review, we provide an overview of various strategies that have been employed to design base‐modified fluorescent nucleoside analogs. Then we review recent developments and applications of new generation fluorescent nucleoside analogs with a particular focus on the synthesis, photophysical characterizations and applications of heterobicycle‐conjugated pyrimidine nucleoside analogs that have been developed by our group. These analogs, which have a minimal effect on the structures of the oligonucleotides into which they are incorporated, show emission in the visible region and excellent fluorescence solvatochromism. Notably, unlike the majority of fluorescent nucleoside analogs developed so far, these analogs retain their fluorescence efficiency when incorporated into oligonucleotides. We anticipate that these nucleoside analogs, with such photophysical properties, would be useful in designing robust biophysical assays to study nucleic acids.
Autophagy Induced by the Withdrawal of Mitogens Promotes Neurite Extension in Rat Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Ye , Zhao Lu , Tian Xiaowei , Liu Tingting , Zhong Jiateng , Sun Liankun , Liu Jiamei 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTNeural stem cells (NSCs) are usually affected by a number of biological functions in neural traumatic and degenerative diseases. Autophagy may be involved in these diseases. However, whether autophagy could affect NSCs is largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate intracellular microstructures, proliferation, axon extension, and Beclin‐1 expression of rat NSCs by basic culture medium and conditioned medium without epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of autophagic vacuoles in conditioned medium. Compared to the control group with normal medium, the number of secondary neurosphere was significantly reduced whereas the expression of Beclin‐1 was enhanced. The majority of NSCs were nestin‐positive when EGF/bFGF was withdrawn for 3 days and showed enhanced neurite extension, which was suppressed by autophagy antagonist 3‐methyladenine. Our findings revealed that a short‐term paucity of mitogens in microenvironments could induce autophagy of NSCs, which facilitated NSCs’ axonal growth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:351‐356, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21496
Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene over SBA‐15 Supported Au—Cu Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Lee Jonathan William , Liu Xiaoyan , Mou Chung‐Yuan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCopper has been reported to be active in selective hydrogenation of acetylene but very selective to oligomers instead of ethylene. In this work, SBA‐15 supported Cu‐Au bimetallic nanoparticles are studied under different Cu/Au ratios and temperature. The addition of gold promotes the catalytic performance, reducing the amount of oligomers formed on the catalyst's surface. A synergistic effect between copper and gold is also displayed. The bimetallic catalyst with Cu/Au ratio at 1/3 has both better conversion and selectivity between 160‐200 °C, providing the opportunities to lower the operating temperature (>200 °C) of copper. The synergy can be ascribed to the compromise of two factors: the electronic effect and the sintering resistance of bimetallic nanoparticles. Gold makes copper more electron‐deficient, therefore, enhances the conversion. Besides, the particles remain highly dispersed and small (ca. 3 nm) when large amount of gold reduces the ensemble size of copper on the surface, minimizing C‐C coupling reactions.
A Large Manganese‐doped Polyoxotitanate Nanocluster: Ti14MnO14(OH)2(OEt)28
Authors: Chen Yang , Sokolow Jesse , Trzop Elzbieta , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Coppens Philip 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA large manganese‐doped polyoxotitanate nanocluster, Ti14MnO14(OH)2(OEt)28, has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Its structure is similar to previously reported Ti17O24(OiPr)20, but lacks 5‐fold coordinated Ti atoms which are potential binding sites for photosensitizer molecules. The Mn atom is located at the center of the Keggin structure with Ti‐O bond length indicative of Mn2+, a conclusion confirmed by NEXAFS measurements. Solid‐state band gap measurements of the complex show a significant decrease compared with undoped polyoxotitanate nanoclusters and anatase, indicating the potential of Mn‐doping for visible light photocatalysis.
Use of the NucliSENS EasyQHPV assay in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Oliveira Ana , Verdasca Nuno , Pista Ângela 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPersistent infection by high‐risk human papillomavirus is a necessary cause for cervical cancer. DNA‐based human papillomavirus (HPV) assays show high sensitivity but poor specificity in detecting high‐grade cervical lesions. Assays detecting mRNA of the oncoproteins E6 and E7 show higher specificity but lack either detection of all high‐risk genotypes or the ability to specify the detected genotypes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the NucliSENS EasyQ HPV assay in comparison with the Hybrid Capture 2 test (HC2) and the CLART Human Papillomavirus 2 assay (CLART), using a clinical cut‐off of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse. In the 554 studied women, the lowest HPV positivity rate was detected for NucliSENS EasyQ HPV assay (55.1%), while HC2 and CLART showed similar results (HC2: 77.4%; CLART: 78.0%). In comparison with the other tests, the NucliSENS EasyQ HPV assay showed a lower clinical sensitivity (79.3% vs. 96.4% for HC2 and 95.9% for CLART) but a higher clinical specificity (72.6% vs. 42.8% for HC2 and 42.5% for CLART). Detection of E6/E7 mRNA transcripts may provide a higher specificity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 lesions or worse, since the oncogenic potential of HPV infection depends on the over‐expression of these two oncoproteins. J. Med. Virol. 85:1235–1241, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum prolactin levels and prolactin mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Ishii Rika , Saito Takafumi , Shao Li , Okumoto Kazuo , Nishise Yuko , Watanabe Hisayoshi , Makino Naohiko , Fukao Akira , Kitanaka Chifumi , Kayama Takamasa , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Kawata Sumio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractProlactin is not only a pituitary hormone but an immunoregulatory hormone secreted from lymphocytes. Prolactin induction in relation to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has not been elucidated. The serum levels of prolactin were examined in 232 HCV‐infected subjects positive for anti‐HCV antibody and 65 healthy controls negative for it, who were recruited in the cohort study. The prolactin mRNAs were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of eleven healthy volunteers including five men and six women before and after stimulation by HCV in vitro. The serum level of prolactin and prolactin mRNA in PBMCs were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay and real‐time PCR, respectively. The serum levels of prolactin were significantly higher in the HCV‐infected subjects (median: 7.5, IQR: 5.7–10.9 ng/ml) than in the controls (median: 5.6, IQR: 4.4–8.3 ng/ml) (P < 0.01). They were significantly higher in HCV‐infected males (median: 8.0, IQR: 5.9–11.8 ng/ml) than in the controls (median: 4.8, IQR: 4.2–5.9 ng/ml) (P < 0.001), however, the difference was not significant between HCV‐infected females (median: 7.3, IQR: 5.6–10.5 ng/ml) and the controls (median: 6.4, IQR: 5.3–9.8 ng/ml). The mRNA expression of prolactin was induced in PBMCs of all males, but it was induced in PBMCs of the two of six females examined in vitro. These results suggest that the serum level of prolactin is higher in HCV‐infected males than in healthy males, and that HCV infection induces the mRNA expression of prolactin in PBMCs that is more apparent in male than in females. J. Med. Virol. 85:1199–1205, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frequency of enterovirus detection in blood samples of neonates admitted to hospital with sepsis‐like illness in Kuwait
Authors: Ahmad Suhail , Dalwai Ajmal , Al‐Nakib Widad 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the role of enteroviruses in sepsis‐like illness among neonates in Kuwait. Serum samples from 139 consecutive neonates presenting with sepsis‐like illness during a three and a half‐year‐period whose blood cultures were negative for bacterial pathogens were tested. Enterovirus RNA was detected by single‐step reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR). Specific genotypes were identified by direct DNA sequencing of enteroviral genome. Serotype‐specific antibodies in serum samples from some selected patients were detected by virus neutralization test using coxsackievirus B types (CBVs). All 139 neonates presented with sepsis‐like illness and blood samples were uniformly negative for aerobic/anaerobic bacterial cultures. Fifty‐six (40%) neonates had further complications of sepsis including carditis (n = 34) and multi‐organ involvement (n = 22). Enterovirus RNA was detected by RT‐PCR in 34 of 139 (24%) serum samples which is among the highest frequency reported so far in non‐epidemic settings. Genotyping identified CBVs as most common enteroviruses, causing 19 of 34 (56%) enteroviral sepsis episodes in neonates. Of 34 carditis cases, 18 were positive for CBVs by serotyping including all 10 enterovirus RNA‐positive samples. Only one fatality was observed due to liver failure in a neonate with hepatitis. Our data showed that enteroviruses are responsible for 24% of neonatal sepsis cases due to non‐bacterial causes in Kuwait. The data indicate that enteroviruses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis‐like illness among neonates, particularly those with negative blood cultures for bacterial pathogens. J. Med. Virol. 85:1280–1285, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in methane emission, rumen fermentation, and methanogenic community in response to silage and dry cornstalk diets
Authors: Chong Liu , Zhuping Zhu , Tongjun Guo , Yongming Luo , Hongmin Dong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of silage or dry cornstalk diets on methane emission, rumen fermentation, and methanogenic community, and reveal whether the change of methanogenic compositions was related to the methane production. A total of 39 sheep were divided into four groups, fed diets of different concentrate level based on silage or dry cornstalk roughage for 40 days. It was found that, at 20% concentrate level, the sheep fed silage could suppress methanogenesis significantly in contrast with the silage diet (p < 0.05). The ruminal acetate:propionate ratio was 3.17 in the silage‐fed sheep significantly lower than 3.78 in the dry cornstalk‐fed sheep (p < 0.05), reflecting the effect of fermentation on methane output was related to roughage types. Furthermore, the methanogens was found to be significantly lower abundance (p < 0.05), and showed a different pattern using multivariate statistical analysis in silage‐fed sheep. Compared with dry cornstalk diet, silage diet of 20% concentrate reduced methane production, decreased methanogenic abundance, and induced change of Methanobrevibacter composition at strain levels. This study showed variation of methanogenic compositions at strain level and its probable relationship with methane production, and provided microbial information to explain the low methane output when the animals were fed silage.
The cost of vocal fold paralysis after thyroidectomy
Authors: Gardner Glendon Michael , Smith Matthew Michael , Yaremchuk Kathleen Lynn , Peterson Ed Lawrence 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the added cost of care and analyze risk factors in patients who suffered vocal fold paralysis (VFP) after thyroid surgery.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsSeventy‐six patients who developed unilateral or bilateral VFP after thyroidectomy from 2005 through 2009, and a control group of 238 patients who underwent the same surgery without developing VFP, were compared on hospital charges, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), unplanned intubation, tracheotomies, respiratory failure, readmission, death, pathology, body mass index (BMI), gland weight, swallowing studies, and need for indwelling feeding tube. Differences between outcomes for unilateral VFP patients versus bilateral VFP patients were analyzed. Rate of recovery of VFP and need for further surgery after thyroidectomy were described.ResultsPatients who developed VFP after thyroidectomy had significantly greater rates of all the parameters listed above. BMI, gland weight, and pathology (malignant vs. benign) were not significantly different between the two groups. VFP group underwent additional surgeries after thyroidectomy related to the VFP. Thirty‐three% of unilateral VFP patients with long‐term follow‐up recovered fully. Patients with bilateral VFP with long‐term follow‐up, had recovery of one vocal fold in 50% and both in 23% of cases.ConclusionsPatients with unilateral or bilateral VFP after thyroidectomy experience significantly more morbidity and incurred significantly more health care charges after surgery than similar patients who do not have VFP after thyroidectomy. The likelihood of VFP was not related to malignancy, BMI, or thyroid gland weight in this series.
Incorporation of Poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] into Cationic Copolymers Based on Poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) to Improve Gene Delivery
Authors: Loh Xian Jun , Ong Shi Jie , Tung Yin Ting , Choo Hoi Teng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and gene transfection efficiency of a series of novel amphiphilic triblock copolymers with two hydrophilic poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (DMAEMA) blocks flanking a central hydrophobic poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) block is reported. These copolymers have significantly lower toxicity compared to the polyethyleneimine (PEI) and PDMAEMA homopolymer. Unexpectedly, the incorporation of PHB significantly improves the gene transfection efficiency as compared to PEI or PDMAEMA homopolymers.
Self‐Assembly of Near‐Monodisperse Redox‐Sensitive Micelles from Cholesterol‐Conjugated Biomimetic Copolymers
Authors: Wang Yin , Wang Haibo , Liu Gongyan , Liu Xiangsheng , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPoly(D,L‐lactide)‐SS‐poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) block copolymers conjugated with cholesterol are synthesized by ROP and ATRP using a novel kind of double‐dead initiator. This facile strategy not only can endue block copolymers with disulfide bonds, but can also overcome the disadvantages inherent in the synthesis procedure for the copolymers. The resultant biomimetic copolymers can self‐assemble into near‐monodisperse micelles. Subsequently, they are used as a carrier to encapsulate a hydrophobic dye, and the release can be triggered by a redox reagent, dithiothreitol. MTT study shows that the as‐prepared micelles has good biocompatibility to both normal and cancer cells. These properties indicate that these micelles may be used as promising drug delivery vehicles.
Using MODE to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of cloud cover forecasts from high‐resolution NWP models
Authors: Mittermaier M. P. , Bullock R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTCloud forecasts pose a particularly difficult challenge to verification through the three‐dimensional structure of cloud. Two‐dimensional total cloud forecasts from one convection‐permitting and one near‐convection‐resolving Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model are compared to a cloud analysis using the Method for Object‐based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE) and MODE Time Domain (TD) which is currently being developed to also consider the time dimension. This study attempts to quantify the spatial and temporal evolution of specifically persistent (static) and systematic cloud scenarios where the cloud boundaries change only slowly. These scenarios can lead to significant cloud and temperature errors if the locations of these boundaries are not well forecast. MODE and MODE TD are used to identify and compare the number of cloud free objects, their evolution over time in terms of area or volume. The results show that including the time dimension provides a different perspective to the assessment, but that the choice of method‐specific parameters is critical for enabling the matching of time objects. Crucially, model‐relative behaviour can be isolated, and the specific characteristics of the cloud analyses are also quantifiable, and need to be accounted for when interpreting results. Copyright © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown copyright, the Met Office