bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attentional Retraining for Anxiety
Authors: Schmidt Norman B. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Cognitive models of psychopathology, particularly disorders involving anxiety symptoms, emphasize information processing biases in their development and maintenance. Research has consistently shown that anxious individuals (including patients with anxiety disorders) show an attentional bias in favor of threat cues (i.e., a threat bias). For example, patients with social anxiety disorder may show an attentional bias relating to signs of social rejection such as toward angry or disapproving faces. Recent evidence suggests that it is possible to modify patterns of attention allocation to threat and the resulting changes alter affective responses to stress. This chapter reviews the literature supporting the view that it is possible to modify attentional bias to threat cues, and such attentional “retraining” procedures may offer novel, efficacious treatments for those suffering from anxiety psychopathology.
Behavioral Mimicry as an Affiliative Response to Social Exclusion
Authors: Lakin Jessica L. , Chartrand Tanya L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The nonconscious behavioral mimicry and social exclusion literatures are merged to explore whether mimicking the behaviors of others could be a possible affiliative behavior that follows social exclusion. Behavioral mimicry has been linked to liking, affiliation, and the development of rapport, and typically operates outside of conscious awareness, making it an especially attractive way to recover from the negative effects of rejection. Data consistent with this argument are reviewed, and future directions for a fruitful continued merging of these literatures are discussed.
Leukocyte DNA Damage and Wound Infection after Nitrous Oxide Administration
Authors: Chen Yan , Liu Xiaodong , Cheng Christopher H. K. , Gin Tony , Leslie Kate , Myles Paul , Chan Matthew T. V. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background:
Nitrous oxide inactivates methionine synthase and may lead to DNA damage and wound infection. By using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), the authors determined the effect of nitrous oxide on DNA damage in circulating leukocytes.

Methods:
In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 91 patients undergoing major colorectal surgery were randomized to receive 70% nitrous oxide (n = 31) or nitrous oxide-free anesthesia using 30 (n = 30) or 80% (n = 30) oxygen. Venous blood was collected before and 24 h after surgery. The primary outcome was extent of DNA damage, quantified as the percentage of DNA staining intensity in the comet tail using digital fluorescence microscopy. Incidence of postoperative wound infection was also recorded.

Results:
Nitrous oxide exposure was associated with a two-fold increase in the percentage of DNA intensity in tail (P = 0.0003), but not in the 30 (P = 0.181) or 80% oxygen groups (P = 0.419). There was a positive correlation between the duration of nitrous oxide exposure and extent of DNA damage, r = 0.33, P = 0.029. However, no correlation was observed in nitrous oxide-free patients. The proportions of postoperative wound infection, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, were 19.4% (6 of 31) in the 70% nitrous oxide group and 6.7% (2 of 30) in both the 30 and 80% oxygen groups, P = 0.21. An increase in DNA damage was associated with a higher risk of wound infection, adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs): 1.19 (1.07–1.34), P = 0.003.

Conclusions:
Nitrous oxide increased DNA damage compared with nitrous oxide-free anesthesia and was associated with postoperative wound infection.
LATE SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN SUB-INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Rey Amanda , Adán Alfredo , Llorenç Victor , Pelegrín Laura , Mesquida Marina 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:
To report spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (OCT) findings during the natural history of a sub-internal limiting membrane (sub-ILM) hemorrhage.

Methods:
Observational case report of a 20-year-old man with myeloid acute leukemia who presented a spontaneous resolution of a premacular hemorrhage, which was demonstrated by OCT. During the 12-month follow-up, periodic ophthalmologic and OCT examinations were performed.

Results:
A premacular hemorrhage was revealed in fundus examination, and spectral-domain OCT demonstrated a highly hyperreflective band just above the premacular hemorrhage consistent with the ILM. At 6-month follow-up, the macula was free of blood. The OCT scans after spontaneous resolution of the hemorrhage showed a thickened hyperreflective membrane (ILM) and a prominent hyporeflective premacular cavity. Six months later, this premacular cavity had resolved.

Conclusion:
These late OCT findings in sub-ILM hemorrhage have not been described in spontaneous evolution and confirm the sub-ILM location of a premacular hemorrhage.
CONJUNCTIVAL PYOGENIC GRANULOMA ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB INJECTION
Authors: Sagiv Oded , Piven Ilia , Rosner Mordechai 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:
To report a case of conjunctival pyogenic granuloma after intravitreal injection of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor, bevacizumab.

Methods:
A 52-year-old patient after 3 intravitreal bevacizumab injections was found to have a vascular conjunctival nodule at the injection site. A pathologic analysis of the vascular conjunctival nodule was performed after surgical excision.

Results:
The pathologic analysis revealed a conjunctival pyogenic granuloma.

Conclusion:
Conjunctival pyogenic granuloma can complicate an otherwise uneventful intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injection.
Increased perinatal loss after intrauterine transfusion for alloimmune anaemia before 20 weeks of gestation
Authors: Lindenburg ITM ,  van Kamp IL ,  van Zwet EW , Middeldorp JM , Klumper FJCM , Oepkes D 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare perinatal outcome after intrauterine transfusions (IUT) performed before and after 20 weeks of gestation. To analyse contributing factors.DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingThe Dutch referral centre for fetal therapy.PopulationIUTs for fetal alloimmune anaemia.MethodsFetuses were divided into two groups: fetuses requiring the first IUT before 20 weeks of gestation (Group 1) and those in which the IUTs started after 20 weeks (Group 2). The cause of perinatal loss was classified as procedure‐related (PR) or not procedure‐related (NPR). The cohort was divided into two periods to describe the change of perinatal loss over time.Main outcome measuresPerinatal loss of fetuses requiring the first IUT before 20 weeks of gestation, compared with perinatal loss later in gestation.ResultsA total of 1422 IUTs were performed in 491 fetuses. Perinatal loss rate in Group 1 was higher (7/29 24% versus 35/462 8%, P = 0.002). Especially NPR was higher for IUTs performed before 20 weeks (4/37 11% versus 19/1385 1%, P < 0.001). Kell alloimmunisation was overrepresented in Group 1 (7/29 24% versus 52/462 11%, P = 0.04). In a multivariate regression analysis, only hydrops was independently associated with perinatal loss (P = 0.001). In recent years, a decline in total perinatal loss was found (36/224 16% versus 6/267 2%, P < 0.001), but perinatal loss in Group 1 did not decline (4/224 1.8% versus 3/267 1.1%, P = 0.5).ConclusionsPerinatal loss after IUT performed before 20 weeks of gestation is increased compared with loss after IUT performed later in gestation. In addition, we confirmed earlier observations that hydrops is a major contributor to adverse outcome. Early and timely detection and treatment may prevent hydrops and improve outcome.
Impact of Processing Parameters on the Phenolic Profile of Wines Produced from Hybrid Red Grapes Maréchal Foch, Corot noir, and Marquette
Authors: Manns David C. , Coquard Lenerz Céline T. M. , Mansfield Anna Katharine 
Published: April 2013

Abstract Phenolic extraction in hybrid and interspecific wine grape cultivars is poorly understood, especially in terms of the impact of fermentation and enological conditions on condensed tannins and anthocyanins. Following fractionation via solid‐phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography, phenolic profiles of must and wine from red hybrid grape cultivars Maréchal Foch, Corot noir, and Marquette were examined to assess the impact of enzyme and tannin addition, cold soak, and hot press during vinification. Across cultivars, hot press treatments resulted in the greatest extraction of condensed tannin, anthocyanin, and other monomeric phenolic compounds in musts, and treatments that increased skin contact time or cellular degradation during fermentation produced higher concentrations of tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonols. However, these increases were transient, evincing incomplete carryover into finished wines. Depending on initial must extraction, diglucoside forms of anthocyanins were either selectively extracted or selectively retained throughout fermentation when compared to their monoglucoside counterparts. Typical of hybrid grapes, tannin concentrations across cultivars were low, even under hot press conditions. For condensed tannins and anthocyanins, a cultivar‐specific, stable‐state concentration and phenolic profile emerged regardless of fermentation conditions. Due to the high levels of diglucoside anthocyanins and low levels of condensed tannins, it is expected that the color development and profile in these wines produced from hybrid grape cultivars will be dictated by the monomeric anthocyanins and their potential role in copigmentation processes involving other monomeric phenolic species, as opposed to the formation of polymeric color pigments.
The Role of Epistasis in the Etiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among Indian Women: SNP‐SNP and SNP‐Environment Interactions
Authors: Dasgupta Shilpi , Reddy B. Mohan 
Published: April 2013

SummaryPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. It is a heterogeneous androgen excess disorder determined by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Our earlier analysis on a panel of six candidate genes (Androgen receptor CAG repeats, Follistatin, Luteinizing hormone β subunit, Calpain10, Insulin receptor substrate‐1 and PPARγ) based on 250 PCOS cases and 299 controls revealed significant association patterns with PCOS among South‐Indian women. We report here for the first time, the SNP‐SNP and SNP‐environment interactions of these genes in the same cohort. Both multivariate logistic regression as well as epistasis analysis (using Multifactor dimensionality reduction software) yielded significant results (P < 0.05). All CAPN10 SNPs show association (either risk‐conferring or protective) in the obese group, highlighting the importance of this gene in the PCOS pathophysiology. LHP7(LHβ) and UCSNP44(CAPN10) emerged to be the prominent SNPs in the SNP‐SNP interaction analysis. The best SNP‐SNP interaction model was obtained between CAPN10 UCSNP‐44 and PPARγ His447His, implying a significant metabolic component in the PCOS pathology. Replicating our findings in BMI‐specific cohorts in different ethnic populations would be warranted in future to identify the physiological networks in PCOS.
Minimal important differences in the EORTC QLQ‐C15‐PAL to determine meaningful change in palliative advanced cancer patients
Authors: Bedard Gillian , Zeng Liang , Zhang Liying , Lauzon Natalie , Holden Lori , Tsao May , Danjoux Cyril , Barnes Elizabeth , Sahgal Arjun , Poon Michael , Hicks Katharine , Chow Edward 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsQuality of life (QOL) is important for advanced cancer patients. Brief questionnaires are advantageous to reduce patient burden. In large clinical trials, statistically significant small changes can be achieved; however, whether such change is clinically relevant is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal important differences (MID) of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life core 15 palliative questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C15‐PAL).MethodsPatients undergoing palliative radiotherapy completed the EORTC QLQ‐C15‐PAL at baseline and 1 month later. Anchor and distribution‐based assessments were employed to determine the MID associated with this instrument. The anchor of overall QOL was used to determine meaningful change.ResultsIn all, 276 patients were included in MID calculation. Mean age was 65 years and primary lung, breast or prostate cancers were most common. Statistically significant MID for improvement was seen in emotional functioning and pain (20.9 and 15.6, respectively). MID for deterioration required a 20.4, 24.5, 17.1 and 23.0 change in physical functioning, fatigue, pain and appetite loss, respectively, to constitute meaningful change. Distribution‐based estimates of MID were closest to the standard error of measurement. MID for brain and bone metastases patients yielded MID larger than previously determined in the incorporation of all patients.ConclusionMeaningful change in the EORTC QLQ‐C15‐PAL is important for clinicians to determine the impact of treatment on the QOL of patients and can aid in determining the sample size required for clinical trials. Future studies should investigate MID in subgroups using symptom‐specific modules.
Labour Control in the Tobacco Agro‐spaces: Migrant Agricultural Workers in South‐Western Ontario
Authors: Bridi Robert Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInternational labour migration programs provide a vulnerable workforce that services various sectors in developed economies. The agriculture sector is one arena in which the employment of migrant workers has become more pervasive. Annually, approximately 30,000 workers are employed in the Canadian agriculture sector through the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). In this paper, I focus on the SAWP workers in tobacco farming, and investigate the ways that labour control is achieved on two small‐scale farms. I draw upon original empirical evidence from interviews with three Mexican and nine Jamaican workers, two union representatives, and two farm owners in South‐Western Ontario, Canada. My findings show that various factors at multiple scales shape the labour control regime and significantly advantage farm owners over workers. Based on my findings, I argue that the labour control regime is conditioned exogenously by multi‐scalar factors and generated endogenously at the point of production.
National rates of Helicobacter pylori recurrence are significantly and inversely correlated with human development index
Authors: Yan T.‐L. , Hu Q.‐D. , Zhang Q. , Li Y.‐M. , Liang T.‐B. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection is a worldwide threat to human health with recurrence rates that vary widely. The precise correlation between H. pylori recurrence and socioeconomic development has not been determined.AimTo determine H. pylori recurrence rates after successful eradication and their association with socioeconomic development metrics.MethodsBibliographical searches were performed in the MEDLINE database. We reviewed all results, filtered by inclusion criteria, extracted primary results to calculate H. pylori recurrence rates and calculated national Human Development Index (HDI) values for the periods during which the studies were conducted.ResultsOne thousand two hundred and twenty six cases of H. pylori recurrence in 77 eligible studies were observed in 43 525.1 follow‐up patient‐years after successful eradication therapy, giving a recurrence rate of 2.82 ± 1.16% per patient‐year (weighted mean ± 95% confidence interval). H. pylori recurrence rate was inversely correlated with national HDI on linear (r = −0.633) and weighted least square (r = −0.546) regression analysis. Countries with very high HDI had a mean recurrence rate significantly lower than that of high, medium and low HDI countries (P < 0.01, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsLess‐developed areas, as measured by HDI, are more likely to have high H. pylori recurrence rates. A different approach to follow‐up after H. pylori eradication is needed in developing countries where reinfection is highly prevalent, paying special attention to sources of reinfection and high‐risk groups.
Patterns of care and outcomes of radiotherapy for lymph node positivity after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kaplan Joshua R. , Kowalczyk Keith J. , Borza Tudor , Gu Xiangmei , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Nguyen Paul L. , Friedlander David F. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Hu Jim C. 
Published: April 2013

Objective
To evaluate the use and outcomes of adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) for men with lymph node (LN)‐positive disease after radical prostatectomy (RP) using a population‐based approach.
Patients and Methods
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked data from 1995 to 2007 was used to identify 577 men with LN metastases discovered during RP and absence of distant metastases, of which 177 underwent ART ≤1 year of RP.
Propensity score models were used to compare overall mortality and prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) for men that did and those that did not receive ART.
Results
Men in both groups received adjuvant androgen‐deprivation therapy at similar rates after propensity weighting adjustments (33.6% vs 33.7%, P = 0.977).
ART was not associated with differences in overall (5.09 vs 3.77 events per 100 person‐years, P = 0.153) or PCSM (2.89 vs 1.31, P = 0.090) relative to men who did not receive ART.
Conclusions
ART after RP in men with LN‐positive prostate cancer was not associated with improved overall or disease‐specific survival, in contrast to previous single‐centre studies.
Prospective randomised studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of ART in this patient population.
Complications and adverse patient reactions associated with the surgical insertion and removal of palatal implants: a retrospective study
Authors: Fäh Reto , Schätzle Marc 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and variety of surgical complications and adverse patient reactions associated with the implantation and explantation of palatal implants.Materials and MethodsThe implantations and explantations of palatal implants in 146 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment using a palatal implant for anchorage in the time period 1999–2010 were evaluated retrospectively. All complications and adverse patient reactions associated with the surgical intervention of implantation and explantation of the implant were assessed.ResultsOf the 146 palatal implants reviewed, 104 implantations and 44 explantations met the inclusion criteria and their data could be extracted. Of the 104 implantations, 25 (24.0%) surgical complications and adverse patient reactions could be documented. They consisted of lack of primary stability: 7 (6.7%), prolonged pain: 7 (6.7%), secondary bleeding: 6 (5.8%), perforation of nasal floor: 2 (1.9%), necrotic mucosa anterior of the implant: 2 (1.9%) and sensory impairment of the anterior palate: 1 (1%). The respective incidents for the 44 explantations were: disturbed wound healing: 3 (6.8%), perforation of nasal floor: 1 (2.3%), secondary bleeding: 1 (2.3%) and fracture of the implant: 1 (2.3%).ConclusionsA wide spectrum of surgical complications and adverse patient reactions after palatal implant insertion and removal was found. All complications were of minor severity and duration except after one implantation, where a prolonged hypoesthesia of the anterior palate was found. Although only a small risk of a permanent sensory impairment of the anterior palatal region remains, patients must be well informed accordingly.
Evaluating the Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Source‐Sink Dynamics in Pond‐Breeding Amphibians
Authors: WILLSON JOHN D. , HOPKINS WILLIAM A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAlthough interwetland dispersal is thought to play an important role in regional persistence of pond‐breeding amphibians, few researchers have modeled amphibian metapopulation or source‐sink dynamics. Results of recent modeling studies suggest anthropogenic stressors, such as pollution, can negatively affect density and population viability of amphibians breeding in isolated wetlands. Presumably population declines also result in reduced dispersal to surrounding (often uncontaminated) habitats, potentially affecting dynamics of nearby populations. We used our data on the effects of mercury (Hg) on the American toad ( Bufo americanus) as a case study in modeling the effects of anthropogenic stressors on landscape‐scale amphibian dynamics. We created a structured metapopulation model to investigate regional dynamics of American toads and to evaluate the degree to which detrimental effects of Hg contamination on individual populations can disrupt interpopulation dynamics. Dispersal from typical American toad populations supported nearby populations that would otherwise have been extirpated over long time scales. Through support of such sink populations, dispersal between wetland‐associated subpopulations substantially increased overall productivity of wetland networks, but this effect declined with increasing interwetland distance and decreasing wetland size. Contamination with Hg substantially reduced productivity of wetland‐associated subpopulations and impaired the ability of populations to support nearby sinks within relevant spatial scales. Our results add to the understanding of regional dynamics of pond‐breeding amphibians, the wide‐reaching negative effects of environmental contaminants, and the potential for restoration or remediation of degraded habitats.Evaluación de los Efectos de Estresantes Antropogénicos sobre la Dinámica Fuente‐Vertedero en Anfibios que se Reproducen en Charcas
Non‐invasive assessment of cardiac output at rest and during exercise by finger plethysmography
Authors: Critoph Christopher H. , Patel Vimal , Mist Bryan , Thomas Martin D. , Elliott Perry M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryAimsWe sought to determine the accuracy of finger plethysmography using pulse waveform analysis with brachial calibration for measurement of cardiac output during submaximal exercise by comparing it against an acetylene (C2H2) uptake technique.MethodsThe study included 24 healthy volunteers (12 males, age 35 ± 8 years). Testing was performed on an upright cycle ergometer using an incremental protocol. Cardiac output measurements were performed at rest and during sub‐maximal exercise using a single breath C2H2 uptake technique and continuously using finger plethysmography with brachial calibration.ResultsValid results at rest and during sub‐maximal exercise were achieved in 20 of 24 participants. Cardiac output at rest was 5·3 ± 1·1 and 5·2 ± 1·2 l min−1 for finger plethysmography and C2H2, respectively, P = 0·712. Mean difference between techniques was −0·1 ± 0·5 l min−1. Cardiac output during submaximal exercise was 10·2 ± 2·3 and 10·3 ± 2·1 l min−1 for finger plethysmography and C2H2, respectively, P = 0·898. Mean difference between techniques was 0·1 ± 1·5 l min−1. The overall correlation between finger plethysmography and C2H2 data obtained during rest and exercise was r2 = 0·872, P<0·0001. Mean rise in cardiac output during exercise was 4·9 ± 1·5 (finger plethysmography) and 5·1 ± 1·5 l min−1 (C2H2), P = 0·64.ConclusionFinger plethysmography determined cardiac output values both at rest and during sub‐maximal exercise are comparable with those obtained using a single breath C2H2 uptake technique.