bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should the use of omeprazole be allowed during equestrian competition?
Authors: Campbell Madeleine L. H. , Sykes Benjamin W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrioritising equine welfare, making evidenced‐based policy, and consistent decision‐making across sports are crucial to maintaining the social licence for equestrian sport. Regulations on the use of omeprazole during competition differ; all regulators argue that their rules prioritise welfare. This discrepancy is a matter of concern to the public and equestrian stakeholders.ObjectivesTo apply Campbell's Ethical Framework for the use of Horses in Sport to the question: ‘Should the use of omeprazole be allowed during equestrian competition?’Study designA desk‐based ethico‐legal study.MethodsCampbell's Ethical Framework for the Use of Horses in Sport was applied in a stepwise fashion: definition of the ethical question; analysis of the evidence base; consideration of stakeholders' interests; harm:benefit analysis; application of the three central tenets of the framework, and formulation of conclusions and recommendations.ResultsStakeholders in equine sports have a variety of (frequently conflicting) interests; all of them share an interest in optimising equine welfare. The incidence of EGUS in competition horses is high. Omeprazole is a cornerstone treatment. There are currently discrepancies in regulation about the use of omeprazole during competitions. Recent evidence suggests that withholding omeprazole treatment for two clear days before competition allows the recurrence of squamous EGUS, whereas withholding treatment on the day of competition only does not have that effect.Main limitationsThe current state of scientific knowledge about the use of omeprazole in horses. The analysis did not consider possible health and thus welfare effects of the out‐of‐competition treatment with omeprazole.ConclusionsBased on recent scientific evidence, if horses are being treated with omeprazole outside of competition then treatment on the day of competition should be permitted on welfare grounds. Revision of regulations around the use of omeprazole during competition by governing bodies is necessary to safeguard the ethical use of horses in sport.
Multimodal dynamic fusion framework: Multilevel feature fusion guided by prompts
Authors: Pan Lei , Wu Huan‐Qing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the progressive augmentation of parameters in multimodal models, to optimize computational efficiency, some studies have adopted the approach of fine‐tuning the unimodal pre‐training model to achieve multimodal fusion tasks. However, these methods tend to rely solely on simplistic or singular fusion strategies, thereby neglecting more flexible fusion approaches. Moreover, existing methods prioritize the integration of modality features containing highly semantic information, often overlooking the influence of fusing low‐level features on the outcomes. Therefore, this study introduces an innovative approach named multilevel feature fusion guided by prompts (MFF‐GP), a multimodal dynamic fusion framework. It guides the dynamic neural network by prompt vectors to dynamically select the suitable fusion network for each hierarchical feature of the unimodal pre‐training model. This method improves the interactions between multiple modalities and promotes a more efficient fusion of features across them. Extensive experiments on the UPMC Food 101, SNLI‐VE and MM‐IMDB datasets demonstrate that with only a few trainable parameters, MFF‐GP achieves significant accuracy improvements compared to a newly designed PMF based on fine‐tuning—specifically, an accuracy improvement of 2.15% on the UPMC Food 101 dataset and 0.82% on the SNLI‐VE dataset. Further study of the results reveals that increasing the diversity of interactions between distinct modalities is critical and delivers significant performance improvements. Furthermore, for certain multimodal tasks, focusing on the low‐level features is beneficial for modality integration. Our implementation is available at: https://github.com/whq2024/MFF-GP.
Declining glacier cover drives changes in aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in the Cordillera Blanca, Perú
Authors: Palacios‐Robles Edson , Medina Katy , Loarte Edwin , Castañeda‐Barreto Alberto , Gamboa‐Mendoza Miriam , Polo‐Salazar Rosario , Tapia Pedro , Pellicciotti Francesca , Brown Lee E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOngoing climate change threatens the biodiversity of glacier‐fed river ecosystems worldwide through shifts in water availability and timing, temperature, chemistry, and channel stability. However, tropical glacier‐fed rivers have received little attention compared to those in temperate and Arctic biomes, despite their unique biodiversity potentially responding differently due to additional stress from higher altitude locations thus lower oxygen availability, diurnal freeze–thaw cycles, and annual monsoon rainfall disturbances. This study quantified aquatic biodiversity responses to decreasing glacier cover in the Cordillera Blanca range of the Peruvian Andes. Ten rivers were studied along a gradient of decreasing glacier cover in the Parón, Huaytapallana, and Llanganuco basins, with a specific focus on macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters in both the dry and wet seasons. We found higher temperatures, more stable and lower turbidity rivers as glacier cover decreased, which were related significantly to higher local diversity and lower β‐diversity. Analysis of similarity revealed significant differences in the macroinvertebrate community among rivers with high, medium, or low glacier cover, illustrating turnover from specialists to generalists as glacial influence decreased. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that there were more species found to prefer stable beds and water temperatures in medium and low glacier cover in a catchment rivers. However, certain taxa in groups such as Paraheptagyia, Orthocladiinae, Anomalocosmoecus, and Limonia may be adapted to high glacial influence habitats and at risk of glacier retreat. Although species composition was different to other biomes, the Cordillera Blanca rivers showed similar benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity responses to glacier retreat, supporting the hypothesis that climate change will have predictable effects on aquatic biodiversity in mountain ranges worldwide.
Patient Perspectives on a Patient‐Facing Tool for Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Tiase Victoria L. , Richards Grace , Taft Teresa , Stevens Leticia , Balbin Christian , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Fagerlin Angela , Caverly Tanner , Kukhareva Polina , Flynn Michael , Butler Jorie M. , Kawamoto Kensaku 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndividuals with high risk for lung cancer may benefit from lung cancer screening, but there are associated risks as well as benefits. Shared decision‐making (SDM) tools with personalized information may provide key support for patients. Understanding patient perspectives on educational tools to facilitate SDM for lung cancer screening may support tool development.AimThis study aimed to explore patient perspectives related to a SDM tool for lung cancer screening using a qualitative approach.MethodsWe elicited patient perspectives by showing a provider‐facing SDM tool. Focus group interviews that ranged in duration from 1.5 to 2 h were conducted with 23 individuals with high risk for lung cancer. Data were interpreted inductively using thematic analysis to identify patients' thoughts on and desires for a patient‐facing SDM tool.ResultsThe findings highlight that patients would like to have educational information related to lung cancer screening. We identified several key themes to be considered in the future development of patient‐facing tools: barriers to acceptance, preference against screening and seeking empowerment. One further theme illustrated effects of patient–provider relationship as a limitation to meeting lung cancer screening information needs. Participants also noted several suggestions for the design of technology decision aids.ConclusionThese findings suggest that patients desire additional information on lung cancer screening in advance of clinical visits. However, there are several issues that must be considered in the design and development of technology to meet the information needs of patients for lung cancer screening decisions.Patient or Public ContributionPatients, service users, caregivers or members of the public were not involved in the study design, conduct, analysis or interpretation of the data. However, clinical experts in health communication provided detailed feedback on the study protocol, including the focus group approach. The study findings contribute to a better understanding of patient expectations for lung cancer screening decisions and may inform future development of tools for SDM.
Isotretinoin as a promising option in the treatment of facial papules of frontal fibrosing alopecia
Authors: Beyzaee Amir Mohammad , Babaei Mahsa , Ghoreishi Bahare , Waśkiel‐Burnat Anna , Rudnicka Lidia , Starace Michela , Tosti Antonella , Patil Anant , Sinclair Rodney , Goldust Mohamad , Rahmatpour Rokni Ghasem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a primary cicatricial alopecia characterized by hairline recession, pruritus, and facial papules (FP). Various therapies are used to stabilize disease activity and induce remission. However, FP of FFA is resistant to treatment in many cases. In this review, we searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to screen the published literature on treatment options for FP in the context of FFA. Overall, 12 studies were included in this review. Available literature suggests a noticeable improvement in resistant‐to‐treatment FP in FFA patients with oral isotretinoin. The available evidence is limited and is derived from retrospective studies and case reports/series. Systemic isotretinoin can be considered a promising therapeutic regimen for treating resistant‐to‐treatment FP of FFA patients. However, more extensive, well‐designed studies are necessary for confirmatory evidence.
New experimental model to evaluate the effect of negative pressure wound therapy and viscosity exudates in foam dressings using confocal microscopy
Authors: de la Fuente Patricia Zorrilla , Suescún Federico Castillo , Lázaro‐Martínez José Luis , Sancibrian Herrera Ramón , Peralta Fernández Galo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy is currently one of the most popular treatment approaches that provide a series of benefits to facilitate healing, including increased local blood perfusion with reduced localized oedema and control of wound exudate. The porous foam dressing is a critical element in the application of this therapy and its choice is based on its ability to manage exudate. Industry standards often employ aqueous solutions devoid of proteins to assess dressing performance. However, such standardized tests fail to capture the intricate dynamics of real wounds, oversimplifying the evaluation process. This study aims to evaluate the technical characteristics of two different commercial polyurethane foam dressings during negative pressure wound therapy. We introduce an innovative experimental model designed to evaluate the effects of this therapy on foam dressings in the presence of viscous exudates. Our findings reveal a proportional increase in dressing fibre occupancy as pressure intensifies, leading to a reduction in dressing pore size. The tests underscore the pressure system's diminished efficacy in fluid extraction with increasing fluid viscosity. Our discussion points to the need of establishing standardized guidelines for foam dressing selection based on pore size and the necessity of incorporating real biological exudates into industrial standards.
Spark plasma sintering of sodium bismuth niobate that exhibits superior piezoelectric performance
Authors: Li Guo‐Hao , Wang Qian , Chen Juan‐Nan , Zhao Ming‐Lei , Wang Chun‐Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance piezoelectric ceramic materials are required for piezoelectric sensors under harsh conditions in nuclear power plants, aeronautics, and aerospace. In this work, a lead‐free high‐Curie‐temperature (TC ∼792°C) Aurivillius‐type sodium bismuth niobate, Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 (NBN), was fabricated through spark plasma sintering (SPS). The textured NBN ceramics with a high orientation factor of 83% exhibit significantly enhanced piezoelectric performance with a piezoelectric constant d33 of 31.2 pC/N, three times higher than that of nontextured NBN (d33 ∼ 11.6 pC/N). More importantly, the textured NBN ceramics maintain excellent electrical properties at high temperature, with a high in situ d33 of 35.9 pC/N, very low dielectric loss tanδ = 2.5% (@ 100 kHz) and high dc electrical resistivity ρ of 7.5 MΩ cm at 500°C. These results suggest that the textured NBN ceramics are good high‐temperature piezoelectric ceramic materials, and have promising applications in the field of high‐temperature piezoelectric sensors.
Do investors differentiate between types of component auditors? Evidence from auditor ratification voting
Authors: Chintha Bullipe R. , Mahapatro Sriniwas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's Rule 3211 mandates firms to disclose the types of component auditors employed and their contribution to the overall audit. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we examine the effect of the disclosure of component auditor usage on shareholder dissatisfaction. We find that multinational companies (MNCs) reporting higher use of large component auditors (LCAs), defined as component auditors contributing materially to the audit, experience a 17% decrease in shareholder votes against (or abstaining from) auditor ratification compared to MNCs with lower usage. This effect is more pronounced for firms with high institutional shareholding. We fail to find evidence of any effect on firms with the higher usage of small component auditors (SCAs). Our findings are robust to various definitions for treated and control firms. Our results support the view that, on average, LCAs offer higher “local” benefits and impose lower coordination costs compared to SCAs.
Social networks, promotions, and the glass‐ceiling effect
Authors: Neugart Michael , Zaharieva Anna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmpirical studies show that women have lower chances of reaching top management positions, known as the glass‐ceiling effect. To study women's careers, we develop a search and matching model where job ladders consist of three hierarchical levels and workers can progress in the career by means of internal promotions or by transitioning to another firm. Both, formal applications and referral hiring via endogenous social networks can be used for moving between firms. We show that when female workers are minority in the labor market and social link formation is gender‐biased (homophilous), there are too few female contacts in the social networks of their male colleagues. This disadvantage implies that female workers are referred less often and, thereby, become underrepresented in top‐level management positions of firms relative to their fraction in the market. Our main theoretical results are consistent with the empirical evidence based on the German Socio‐Economic Panel.
The facilitators and barriers to implementing virtual visits in intensive care units: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Li Mengyao , Shi Tian , Chen Juan , Ding Jiali , Gao Xianru , Zeng Qingping , Zhang Jingyue , Ma Qiang , Liu Xiaoguang , Yu Hailong , Lu Guangyu , Li Yuping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisitation has a positive effect on patients and families, yet, it can disrupt intensive care unit (ICU) care and increase the risk of patient infections, which previously favoured face‐to‐face visits. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has raised the importance of virtual visits and led to their widespread adoption globally, there are still many implementation barriers that need to be improved. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the use of ICU virtual visit technology during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the barriers and facilitators of virtual visits to improve virtual visits in ICUs.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, six databases (CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], PubMed, Cochrane, VIP and Wang Fang databases) were searched for empirical studies published between 1 January 2020 and 22 October 2023. Studies that investigated and reported barriers to and facilitators of implementing virtual visits in ICUs during the COVID‐19 pandemic were included. Evidence from the included studies was identified and thematically analysed using Thomas and Harden's three‐step approach. Study quality was appraised with the Mixed‐Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsA total of 6770 references were screened, of which 35 studies met the inclusion criteria after a full‐text review. Eight main barriers to virtual visits use were identified: technical difficulties; insufficient resources; lack of physical presence and nonverbal information; low technical literacy; differences in families' perceptions of visual cues; privacy and ethics issues; inequitable access and use of virtual visit technology; and lack of advance preparation. Four facilitating factors of virtual visit use were identified: providing multidimensional professional support; strengthening coordination services; understanding the preferences of patients and their families; and enhancing privacy and security protection. In the quality appraisal of 35 studies, 12 studies were rated as low, five as medium and 18 as high methodological quality.ConclusionThis review identified key facilitating factors and barriers to ICU virtual visits, which can foster the development of infrastructure, virtual visiting workflows, guidelines, policies and visiting systems to improve ICU virtual visiting services. Further studies are necessary to identify potential solutions to the identified barriers.
Validation of the HemoCue Hb 801 portable haemoglobin analyser for fish blood
Authors: Henze Joana , Kamperin Sofia , Metsmaa Eric , Alcocer Arboleda Lizeth , Calocany Aramendia M. Iranzu , Sundell Erika , Hedén Ida , Warwas Niklas , Roques Jonathan A. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHaemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) assessment in fish blood has become a routine parameter to measure the health and welfare status of the animals. The original method (haemoglobincyanide method, best known as the Drabkin method) for measuring Hb in human and animals is not well suited for work outside of a laboratory setting. It is relatively time consuming, contains hazardous cyanide elements, and requires specific laboratory material. As an alternative to the Drabkin method, portable analysers have been developed for human blood, but they need to be first validated for fish blood before being used in experiments. In this study, the performance of the new HemoCue Hb 801 portable haemoglobin analyser was compared to the validated Drabkin method to determine [Hb] in three fish species. Hb readings between the two methods were not different for any of the species tested (rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss, Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus). Therefore, this new portable device can be readily used to measure Hb in fish blood. Unlike the previous model from HemoCue, the Hb 201+, this device does not need an incubation time or a correction factor, representing a major gain of time and precision.
Microbiota of black tea at different manufacturing stages
Authors: Karunaratne S. H. S. , Abeygunawardena G. A. S. I. , Jayaratne D. L. , Premakumara G. A. S. , Chandrasekharan N. V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, the consumption of tea has increased due to its various associated health benefits, prompting growing concerns regarding the safety and quality of tea products. Nevertheless, there has been a significant dearth of scientific information regarding the microbiological status of black tea leaves. This study sought to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the microflora present in tea leaves at various processing stages of black tea production. Samples were meticulously collected during distinct processing steps, and their culturable microorganisms were identified through sequence‐based methods. The results revealed that the predominant bacterial genus throughout the tea manufacturing process was Bacillus, constituting a substantial 77% of the identified bacterial population. Other leading genera included Klebsiella (8%), Lysinibacillus (4%), Escherichia (2%) with the remaining 9% comprising various other genera. Among the fungal community, Aspergillus and Penicillium species exhibited a significantly higher relative abundance, each comprising 24%. Furthermore, yeast communities included Debaryomyces, Candida, Hyphopichia, Rhodosporidiobolus, and Wickerhamomyces species. Lactobacillus fermentum was identified in the fermented tea leaves, highlighting its role in the fermentation process. Yeasts and molds were also present in the final tea product, indicating potential post‐processing contamination. The study did not detect any mycotoxins in any of the samples. These findings had indicated that presence of some microorganisms is extremely common in different processing stages while alien microorganisms are being introduced during manufacturing. Thus, emphasizing the need for stringent regulations and quality assurance practices within the tea industry to ensure the safety and quality.
A scoping review of geriatric emergency medicine research transparency in diversity, equity, and inclusion reporting
Authors: Chary Anita N. , Suh Michelle , Ordoñez Edgardo , Cameron‐Comasco Lauren , Ahmad Surriya , Zirulnik Alexander , Hardi Angela , Landry Alden , Ramont Vivian , Obi Tracey , Weaver Emily H. , Carpenter Christopher R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe intersection of ageism and racism is underexplored in geriatric emergency medicine (GEM) research.MethodsWe performed a scoping review of research published between January 2016 and December 2021. We included original emergency department‐based research focused on falls, delirium/dementia, medication safety, and elder abuse. We excluded manuscripts that did not include (1) original research data pertaining to the four core topics, (2) older adults, (3) subjects from the United States, and (4) for which full text publication could not be obtained. The primary objective was to qualitatively describe reporting about older adults' social identities in GEM research. Secondary objectives were to describe (1) the extent of inclusion of minoritized older adults in GEM research, (2) GEM research about health equity, and (3) feasible approaches to improve the status quo of GEM research reporting.ResultsAfter duplicates were removed, 3277 citations remained and 883 full‐text articles were reviewed, of which 222 met inclusion criteria. Four findings emerged. First, race and ethnicity reporting was inconsistent. Second, research rarely provided a rationale for an age threshold used to define geriatric patients. Third, GEM research more commonly reported sex than gender. Fourth, research commonly excluded older adults with cognitive impairment and speakers of non‐English primary languages.ConclusionMeaningful assessment of GEM research inclusivity is limited by inconsistent reporting of sociodemographic characteristics, specifically race and ethnicity. Reporting of sociodemographic characteristics should be standardized across different study designs. Strategies are needed to include in GEM research older adults with cognitive impairment and non‐English primary languages.