bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Employees' Commitment To and Support for Organisational Change
Authors: Machin M. Anthony , Fogarty Gerard J. , Bannon Steven F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to identify factors that predict employees' commitment to and support for organisational change. The three components of Herscovitch and Meyer's (2002) commitment to organisational change model were hypothesised to mediate the relationship between organisational climate and behavioural support for organisational change. Data were collected from a Queensland government department (N = 342). Analysis of correlations revealed that organisational climate, commitment to change, and behavioural support for change variables were all significantly related. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that affective, normative, and continuance commitment to change were all predictors of behavioural support for organisational change. Positive work climate also contributed directly to the prediction of behavioural support for change over and above the indirect influence through commitment to organisational change, indicating a partial mediation effect. These findings support Herscovitch and Meyer's (2002) three-component model of commitment to organisational change and extend their nomological network by showing the relevance of two types of organisational climate to the core components of the model. Affective commitment to organisational change is a positive influence on employees' behavioural support for change and also reflects healthy aspects of the organisational climate. However, continuance commitment to organisational change is detrimental influence on employees' behavioural support for change and is linked with unhealthy dimensions of the organisational climate.
Caring for the Carers: Fatigue, Sleep, and Mental Health in Australian Paramedic Shiftworkers
Authors: Courtney James A. , Francis Andrew J.P. , Paxton Susan J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study investigated fatigue, sleep quality, mental health and physical activity in paramedic shiftworkers. Although limited, previous studies have established high fatigue levels and poor health in this sector from shiftwork rostering and occupational demands. A modified version of the Standard Shiftwork Index was completed by 342 paramedics (243 male and 98 females). Single sample t tests found significantly higher levels of fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress, and significantly poorer sleep quality than reference samples. Paramedics also reported less physical activity than community samples. Depression and sleep quality explained the greatest amount of variance in fatigue scores, followed by level of exercise. No differences were detected in levels of depression or fatigue on the basis of gender. The findings suggest that ambulance paramedic shiftworkers are at particular risk for increased levels of fatigue and depression (regardless of age or gender) and poor quality sleep. Organisational intervention was suggested.
„Puškin“: Heinrich Koenig als anonymer Mitarbeiter in Ljudevit Gajs „Danica Ilirska“
Authors: Keipert Helmut 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The anonymous Pushkin necrology published in June, 1837 by the Zagreb “Danica Ilirska” is traditionally ascribed to the Croatian poets Stanko Vraz or Dimitrije Demeter. The article proves that the text is only an abridged translation of the Pushkin obituary written by the German critic Heinrich Koenig for the journal “Europa. Chronik der gebildeten Welt” some months before. There is good reason to be doubtful of the translator’s knowledge of Russian and of his own information about Pushkin’s work.
Czech and Ukrainian Communication Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Research
Authors: Podolyan Ilona 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This paper is the first attempt to compare Czech and Ukrainian communication patterns by means of questionnaires, interviews, introspection and participant observation. The two Slavic nations’ linguistic etiquette is studied in conjunction with their underlying cultural patterns, related to the dimensions of collectivism, individualism, universalism, and particularism. In the focus of the research lie numerous cross-language commonalities, as well as ethnocultural peculiarities of verbal and non-verbal routine formulas.
Nouns or verbs? A case study of the Russian words bain’ki, kušan’ki, spaten’ki and gulen’ki
Authors: Makarova Anastasia 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In this article I investigate part of speech distinctions in Russian based on an in-depth analysis of an understudied group of words, namely bain’ki ‘sleep’, spaten’ki ‘sleep’, kušan’ki ‘eat’ and gulen’ki ‘walk’, which are mainly used in speech with or about children, but which regardless of their high frequency and productivity remain ignored in Russian linguistics. The main question is: what part of speech do these words belong to? Are they verbs or nouns? Based on careful investigation of these words’ morphological, syntactic and semantic properties, it is argued that they are both verbs and nouns. However, they are not prototypical members of either category in the sense of cognitive linguistics. Although this paper considers a small number of words, the proposed analysis has implications for word-class distinctions in Russian as a whole, and I suggest that parts of speech are radial categories organized around prototypes.
Selective streptavidin bioconjugation on silicon and silicon carbide nanowires for biosensor applications
Authors: Williams Elissa H. , Schreifels John A. , Rao Mulpuri V. , Davydov Albert V. , Oleshko Vladimir P. , Lin Nancy J. , Steffens Kristen L. , Krylyuk Sergiy , Bertness Kris A. , Manocchi Amy K. , Koshka Yaroslav 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Grain Growth and Mobility in Nanocrystalline Ge Films
Authors: Konduri Siva , Noack Max , Dalal Vikram 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we report on deposition and properties of nanocrystalline Ge:H films . The films were grown from germane and hydrogen mixtures using Radio frequency Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) process using ∼45 MHz frequency. The crystallinity of the films was measured using Raman measurements and from x-ray diffraction techniques, it was found that the grain size was a strong function of deposition pressure, temperature and hydrogen/germane ratios. High hydrogen ratios and high powers led to films with smaller grains. Higher pressures and smaller hydrogen/germane ratio led to films with larger grain sizes, as did higher growth temperatures. The mobility of electrons and holes was measured using space charge limited current (SCLC) techniques in n+-n-n+ devices. It was found that nominally undoped films were generally n type with carrier concentrations in the 1E14/cm3 range. Mobility was found to increase with grain size, with 60 nm grains showing mobility in the 2-3 cm2/V-s range.
Revenue Recognition, Earnings Management, and Earnings Informativeness in the Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Rasmussen Stephanie J. 
Published: August 2012

SYNOPSIS
Manufacturers that sell products to distributors experience product return and pricing adjustment uncertainties until the products are resold to end-customers. Such manufacturers recognize revenue when products are delivered to distributors (sell-in), when distributors resell products (sell-through), or under some combination of these methods (sell-in for some distributor sales and sell-through for others). This study examines the implications of these revenue recognition methods for a sample of semiconductor firms during 2001–2008. Semiconductor firms face rapid product obsolescence, declining prices over product life cycles, and unexpected industry downturns, which naturally lead to product return and pricing adjustment uncertainties. I find that sell-through and combination firms are less likely to manage earnings compared to sell-in firms. I also find that earnings are more informative for sell-through firms compared to both sell-in and combination firms. These findings suggest that manufacturers that sell products through the distribution channel should defer revenue recognition until product return and pricing adjustment uncertainties are resolved.
JEL Classifications: M41
Data Availability: Data are available from the sources identified in the text.
The Impact of Graphical Displays of Pro Forma Earnings Information on Professional and Nonprofessional Investors' Earnings Judgments
Authors: Dilla William N. , Janvrin Diane J. , Jeffrey Cynthia 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT:
Regulation G (SEC 2003b) requires managers to reconcile textual non-GAAP performance measures (i.e., pro forma disclosures) to GAAP. Graphical disclosures also require reconciliation; however, neither the format nor the placement of the reconciliation is specified. We apply cognitive fit theory to argue that the influence of graphical information presentation formats is contingent on investor type and judgment complexity. Participants in our study viewed a simulated Investor Relations website for a large drug retailer and made judgments regarding current fiscal year earnings performance, earnings potential, and investment amount. We manipulated graphical (GAAP-only versus GAAP and pro forma) and textual (GAAP-only versus pro forma reconciled to GAAP) earnings disclosure content in a 2 × 2 between-participants design. We find that nonprofessional investors' current fiscal year earnings performance, earnings potential, and investment amount judgments are all influenced by graphical displays, which include pro forma as opposed to GAAP-only earnings information. Graphical displays of pro forma earnings information do not influence professional investors' current year earnings performance judgments; however, these displays do influence professional investors' earnings potential and investment amount judgments because they are more complex. Our results suggest a need to further examine the influence of graphical pro forma earnings presentation formats on investor judgments.
Data Availability: Contact the first author.
Socioeconomic Status and Mortality
Authors: Saydah Sharon H. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Beckles Gloria L. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
Although several studies have examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality in the general population, few have investigated this relationship among people with diabetes. This study sought to determine how risk of mortality associated with measures of SES among adults with diagnosed diabetes is mitigated by association with demographics, comorbidities, diabetes treatment, psychological distress, or health care access and utilization.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study included 6,177 adults aged 25 years or older with diagnosed diabetes who participated in the National Health Interview Surveys (1997–2003) linked to mortality data (follow-up through 2006). SES was measured by education attained, financial wealth (either stocks/dividends or home ownership), and income-to-poverty ratio.

RESULTS
In unadjusted analysis, risk of death was significantly greater for people with lower levels of education and income-to-poverty ratio than for those at the highest levels. After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, diabetes treatment and duration, health care access, and psychological distress variables, the association with greater risk of death remained significant only for people with the lowest level of education (relative hazard 1.52 [95% CI 1.04–2.23]). After multivariate adjustment, the risk of death was significantly greater for people without certain measures of financial wealth (e.g., stocks, home ownership) (1.56 [1.07–2.27]) than for those with them.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that after adjustments for demographics, health care access, and psychological distress, the level of education attained and financial wealth remain strong predictors of mortality risk among adults with diabetes.
Relationship of Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin Secretion, and Adiposity With Insulin Clearance in a Multiethnic Population
Authors: Lorenzo Carlos , Hanley Anthony J.G. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Rewers Marian J. , Stefanovski Darko , Goodarzi Mark O. , Haffner Steven M. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to examine insulin clearance, a compensatory mechanism to changes in insulin sensitivity, across sex, race/ethnicity populations, and varying states of glucose tolerance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured insulin sensitivity index (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test in 1,295 participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study.

RESULTS
MCRI was positively related to SI and negatively to AIR and adiposity across sex, race/ethnicity populations, and varying states of glucose tolerance, adiposity, and family history of diabetes. Differences in MCRI by race/ethnicity (lower in African Americans and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites) and glucose tolerance were largely explained by differences in adiposity, SI, and AIR.

CONCLUSIONS
Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and adiposity are correlates of insulin clearance and appear to explain differences in insulin clearance by race/ethnicity and glucose tolerance status.
Longitudinal Effects of MRI-Measured Hepatic Steatosis on Biomarkers of Glucose Homeostasis and Hepatic Apoptosis in Obese Youth
Authors: Kim Grace , Giannini Cosimo , Pierpont Bridget , Feldstein Ariel E. , Santoro Nicola , Kursawe Romy , Shaw Melissa , Duran Elvira , Goldberg Rachel , Dziura James , Caprio Sonia 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
We used fast-gradient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the longitudinal associations between the hepatic fat content (HFF), glucose homeostasis, and a biomarker of hepatocellular apoptosis in obese youth.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Baseline and longitudinal liver and abdominal MRI were performed with an oral glucose tolerance test in 76 obese youth followed for an average of 1.9 years. Cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) was measured at baseline and follow-up as a biomarker of hepatic apoptosis. The relationship between baseline HFF and metabolic parameters and circulating levels of CK-18 at follow-up were assessed using a bivariate correlation.

RESULTS
At baseline, 38% had hepatic steatosis based on %HFF ≥5.5% with alterations in indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion. At follow-up, BMI increased in both groups and baseline %HFF correlated strongly with the follow-up %HFF (r = 0.81, P &lt; 0.001). Over time, markers of insulin sensitivity and 2-h glucose improved significantly in the group without fatty liver, in contrast with the persistence of the insulin resistance and associated correlates in the fatty liver group. Baseline HFF correlated with 2-h glucose (r = 0.38, P = 0.001), whole-body insulin sensitivity (r = −0.405, P = 0.001), adiponectin (r = −0.44, P &lt; 0.001), CK-18 levels, (r = 0.63, P &lt; 0.001), and disposition index (r = −0.272, P = 0.021) at follow-up. In a multivariate analysis, we showed that baseline HFF is an independent predictor of 2-h glucose and whole-body insulin sensitivity.

CONCLUSIONS
In obese youth, the phenotype of MRI-measured hepatic steatosis is persistent. Baseline HFF strongly modulates longitudinally 2-h blood glucose, biomarkers of insulin resistance, and hepatocellular apoptosis.
Moderate Amounts of Fructose Consumption Impair Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Young Men
Authors: Aeberli Isabelle , Hochuli Michel , Gerber Philip A. , Sze Lisa , Murer Stefanie B. , Tappy Luc , Spinas Giatgen A. , Berneis Kaspar 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVEAdverse effects of hypercaloric, high-fructose diets on insulin sensitivity and lipids in human subjects have been shown repeatedly. The implications of fructose in amounts close to usual daily consumption, however, have not been well studied. This study assessed the effect of moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose compared with glucose on glucose and lipid metabolism.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSNine healthy, normal-weight male volunteers (aged 21–25 years) were studied in this double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial. All subjects consumed four different sweetened beverages (600 mL/day) for 3 weeks each: medium fructose (MF) at 40 g/day, and high fructose (HF), high glucose (HG), and high sucrose (HS) each at 80 g/day. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps with [6,6]-2H2 glucose labeling were used to measure endogenous glucose production. Lipid profile, glucose, and insulin were measured in fasting samples.RESULTSHepatic suppression of glucose production during the clamp was significantly lower after HF (59.4 ± 11.0%) than HG (70.3 ± 10.5%, P &lt; 0.05), whereas fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide did not differ between the interventions. Compared with HG, LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol were significantly higher after MF, HF, and HS, and free fatty acids were significantly increased after MF, but not after the two other interventions (P &lt; 0.05). Subjects’ energy intake during the interventions did not differ significantly from baseline intake.CONCLUSIONSThis study clearly shows that moderate amounts of fructose and sucrose significantly alter hepatic insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism compared with similar amounts of glucose.
Influence of Type 2 Diabetes on Brain Volumes and Changes in Brain Volumes
Authors: Espeland Mark A. , Bryan R. Nick , Goveas Joseph S. , Robinson Jennifer G. , Siddiqui Mustafa S. , Liu Simin , Hogan Patricia E. , Casanova Ramon , Coker Laura H. , Yaffe Kristine , Masaki Kamal , Rossom Rebecca , Resnick Susan M. ,   for the WHIMS-MRI Study Group
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
To study how type 2 diabetes adversely affects brain volumes, changes in volume, and cognitive function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Regional brain volumes and ischemic lesion volumes in 1,366 women, aged 72–89 years, were measured with structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Repeat scans were collected an average of 4.7 years later in 698 women. Cross-sectional differences and changes with time between women with and without diabetes were compared. Relationships that cognitive function test scores had with these measures and diabetes were examined.

RESULTS
The 145 women with diabetes (10.6%) at the first MRI had smaller total brain volumes (0.6% less; P = 0.05) and smaller gray matter volumes (1.5% less; P = 0.01) but not white matter volumes, both overall and within major lobes. They also had larger ischemic lesion volumes (21.8% greater; P = 0.02), both overall and in gray matter (27.5% greater; P = 0.06), in white matter (18.8% greater; P = 0.02), and across major lobes. Overall, women with diabetes had slightly (nonsignificant) greater loss of total brain volumes (3.02 cc; P = 0.11) and significant increases in total ischemic lesion volumes (9.7% more; P = 0.05) with time relative to those without diabetes. Diabetes was associated with lower scores in global cognitive function and its subdomains. These relative deficits were only partially accounted for by brain volumes and risk factors for cognitive deficits.

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes is associated with smaller brain volumes in gray but not white matter and increasing ischemic lesion volumes throughout the brain. These markers are associated with but do not fully account for diabetes-related deficits in cognitive function.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Predicts the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Caucasians
Authors: Bobbert Thomas , Schwarz Franziska , Fischer-Rosinsky Antje , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. , Möhlig Matthias , Mai Knut , Spranger Joachim 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE
The incidence of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising worldwide. Liver-derived fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 affects glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive value of FGF-21 on the incidence of T2DM and the metabolic syndrome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Metabolic Syndrome Berlin Potsdam (MeSyBePo) recall study includes 440 individuals. Glucose metabolism was analyzed using an oral glucose tolerance test, including insulin measurements. FGF-21 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Primary study outcome was diabetes and the metabolic syndrome incidence and change of glucose subtraits.

RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 5.30 ± 0.1 years, 54 individuals developed the metabolic syndrome, 35 developed T2DM, and 69 with normal glucose tolerance at baseline progressed to impaired glucose metabolism, defined as impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or T2DM. FGF-21 predicted incident metabolic syndrome (lnFGF-21 odds ratio [OR] 2.6 [95% CI 1.5 – 4.5]; P = 0.001), T2DM (2.4 [1.2–4.7]; P = 0.01), and progression to impaired glucose metabolism (2.2 [1.3 – 3.6]; P = 0.002) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and follow-up time. Additional adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose did not substantially modify the predictive value of FGF-21.

CONCLUSIONS
FGF-21 is an independent predictor of the metabolic syndrome and T2DM in apparently healthy Caucasians. These results may indicate FGF-21 resistance precedes the onset of the metabolic syndrome and T2DM.
Cost-Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults With Diagnosed Diabetes
Authors: Hoerger Thomas J. , Schillie Sarah , Wittenborn John S. , Bradley Christina L. , Zhou Fangjun , Byrd Kathy , Murphy Trudy V. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVETo examine the cost-effectiveness of a hepatitis B vaccination program for unvaccinated adults with diagnosed diabetes in the U.S.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe used a cost-effectiveness simulation model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating adults 20–59 years of age with diagnosed diabetes not previously vaccinated for or infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV). The model estimated acute and chronic HBV infections, complications, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Data sources included surveillance data, epidemiological studies, and vaccine prices.RESULTSWith a 10% uptake rate, the intervention will vaccinate 528,047 people and prevent 4,271 acute and 256 chronic hepatitis B infections. Net health care costs will increase by $91.4 million, and 1,218 QALYs will be gained, producing a cost-effectiveness ratio of $75,094 per QALY gained. Results are most sensitive to age, the discount rate, the hepatitis B incidence ratio for people with diabetes, and hepatitis B infection rates. Cost-effectiveness ratios rise with age at vaccination; an alternative intervention that vaccinates adults with diabetes 60 years of age or older had a cost-effectiveness ratio of $2.7 million per QALY.CONCLUSIONSHepatitis B vaccination for adults with diabetes 20–59 years of age is modestly cost-effective. Vaccinating older adults with diabetes is not cost-effective. The study did not consider hepatitis outbreak investigation costs, and limited information exists on hepatitis progression among older adults with diabetes. Partly based on these results, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently recommended hepatitis B vaccination for people 20–59 years of age with diagnosed diabetes.