bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTAGONISME LIMA ISOLAT Trichoderma sp. LOKAL MALUKU TERHADAP JAMUR PATOGEN PENYEBAB PENYAKIT REBAH KECAMBAH (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)
Authors: Rumahlewang Wilhelmina , Uruilal Costanza 
Published: July 2024

Pengendalian biologi terhadap patogen tumbuhan merupakan pengendalian patogen yang ramah lingkungan dan akan mengurangi ketergantungan pada pemakaian bahan sintetik. Banyak mikroogaisme yang bisa dieksplorasi untuk mendapatkan agen pengendali biologi terhadap patogen tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan jamur Trichoderma sp. isolat lokal hasil eksplorasi dari perakaran tanaman galoba (Hornstedtia alliacea) di Desa Leinitu, kecamatan Nusalaut, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi dan uji antagonisme isolat Trichoderma sp. sebagai antagonis indigenos risosfer. Hasil penelitian ditemukan lima isolat Trichoderma sp. yang memiliki kemampuan antagonis terhadap Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., dengan rata-rata persentase penghambatan (PIGR) sebesar 68,74%. Rata-rata persentase penghambatan tertinggi pada isola Tg10 sebesar 72,28%, diikuti Tg8 dan Tg9 sebesar 67,8% dan 65,99%. Sedangkan isolat Tg1 dan Tg2 sebesar 63,65% dan 63%. Persentase penghambatan 5 isolat tersebut tidak berbeda nyata pada hasil uji analisis varians pada taraf 95%.
SPESIES MAKROALGA DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA HATU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Tetelepta Lady Diana , Sahertian Dece Elisabeth 
Published: July 2024

Makroalga merupakan komponen penting di dalam ekosistem perairan karena berfungsi sebagai produsen yang menentukan kelangsungan hidup dari berbagai organisme perairan. Dengan kata lain, makroalga juga turut berperan dalam produktivitas perairan. Desa Hatu merupakan salah satu Desa yang terletak di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah dengan perairan yang memiliki berbagai sumberdaya perikanan ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisir spesies makroalga di perairan pantai Desa Hatu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya 10 spesies makroalga yang ditemukan di perairan pantai Desa Hatu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah yang terdiri dari 6 spesies Chlorophyta, 1 spesies Rhodophyta, dan 3 spesies Phaeophyta. Spesies-spesies makroalga yang ditemukan di perairan pantai Desa Hatu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, yaitu Cladophora vagabunda, Codium arabicum, C. hubbsii, C. vermilara, Dictyosphaeria cavernosa, Neomeris annulata, Padina australis, Turbinaria conoides, T. ornata, dan Gracillaria gracilis.
AGIHAN PENYAKIT PADA TANAMAN JERUK MANIS KISAR (Citrus spp.) DI PULAU KISAR, KABUPATEN MALUKU BARAT DAYA
Authors: Patty Jogeneis , Leiwakabessy Ch. , Uruilal Costanza , Rumahlewang Wilhelmina 
Published: July 2024

Jeruk Kisar merupakan komoditas buah andalan di pulau Kisar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis penyakit pada tanaman jeruk manis Kisar (Citus spp), intensitas penyakit dan kategori serangannya, serta sebaran sebaran jenis penyakit jeruk manis Kisar di Pulau Kisar Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode survey dan penentuan tanaman sampel secara acak sederhana (Simple random sampling). Jenis-jenis penyakit dan intensitas kerusakan serta kategori serangannya pada tanaman jeruk manis Kisar adalah CVPD (Liberobacter asiaticum) 8.58% (ringan), kulit Diplodia (Botrydiplodia theobomae) 39.67% (sedang), kanker jeruk (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri), 46.39% (sedang), dan jamur upas (Corticium salmonicolor) 43.78% (sedang). Kondisi areal yang mempengaruhi terjadinya penyakit adalah teknik budidaya yang menyimpang yang menunjang perkembangan penyakit adalah tindakan pemeliharaan yang kurang baik, tidak dilakukan sanitasi terhadap bagian tanaman yang sakit sehingga sumber inokulum selalu ada, dan tidak pernah dilakukan pengendalian penyakit dengan pestisida.
ANALSIS KEMAMPUAN ANTIBAKTERI DARI ESKTRAK DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) TERHADAP Vibrio sp.
Authors: Hitijahubessy Hendro , Dumatubun Alicia Royani , Hanoatubun Marthinus Imanuel Halaay , Sianturi Anggreni , Tumiwa Bruri Berel 
Published: July 2024

Pengobatan vibriosis dalam industri akuakultur memilih memberi makan ikan yang terinfeksi dengan obat antibiotik. Pemberian antibiotik sintesis bisa menyebabkan timbulnya resistensi antibiotik, dibutuhkan antibiotik baru dari bahan alam untuk mengurangi dampak bahaya bagi ikan, rumput laut, udang dan lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri adalah tanaman belimbing wuluh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh rendemen, mengukur kemampuan antibakteri Vibrio sp. dengan metode difusi cakram dan mengkaji kandungan metabolit sekunder dalam daun belimbing wuluh yang dilakukan maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Tujuh perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu ekstrak 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,125%. Hasil rendemen ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) sebesar 5%. Data hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya aktifitas antibakteri yang sedang dari ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh konsentrasi 100%, dengan zona hambat sebesar 16,95 mm. Aktifitas antibakteri yang lemah berada pada ekstrak konsentrasi 75% dengan zona hambat sebesar 11,75 mm. Konsentrasi ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh di bawah konsentrasi 75% tidak menghambat bakteri. Kajian fitokimia yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini untuk mendukung sifat antibakteri Vibrio sp. Dari esktrak daun belimbing wuluh dan metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam daun belimbing wuluh adalah alkaloid, steroid, flavanoid, tanin dan saponin.
Fodder productivity and digestible energy value of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars and breeding lines under the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals
Authors: Fomina M. N. , Ivanova Yu. S. , Bragin N. A. , Bragina M. V. 
Published: July 2024

Background. Spring oats play an essential role in the search for a comprehensive solution of urgent problems associated with the development of a solid fodder resource base that could meet the need of animal husbandry for high-quality feeds. Adequate animal feeding is possible when high-quality fodders are available and the rations are well balanced in basic nutrients. Materials and methods. Field studies were conducted in Tyumen Province on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture for the Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2016–2023. The tested materials included spring oat cultivars and breeding lines, with cv. ʻTalismanʼ serving as the reference. Productivity was assessed according to the harvested dry matter, crude and digestible protein, crude and digestible fat, crude and digestible fiber, and crude and digestible nitrogen-free extracts (NFE). To do this, the yield of green biomass in the phase of milky ripeness was taken into account, and the contents of dry matter and nutrients in it were measured. Results. Promising breeding lines were evaluated for their fodder productivity (green biomass yield and the collected dry matter, protein, fat, fiber, and NFE). Digestible energy value of the tested oats was calculated in feed units (FU) and in joules of metabolizable energy (ME) and gross energy (GE). Energy digestibility (ED) and concentrations of digestible energy (DE) andmetabolizable energy (ME) were measured. Conclusion. Cvs. ʻTobolyakʼ, ʻRaduzhnyʼ and ʻSiriusʼ were the best in fodder productivity. Cvs. ʻMegionʼ, ʻOtradaʼ, ʻFomaʼ, ʻTobolyakʼ, and line TM 07-95-16 were identified for the highest digestible energy value. They provided 0.85–0.86 FU per 1 kg of dry matter and formed 835.5–842.5 kJ of ME and 1708.1–1734.6 kJ of GE per 100 kg of dry matter. Their ED was 63.5–65.8 %, with 1092.87–1141.36 kJ/kg of DE and 896.15–935.91 kJ/kg of ME.
Sweet cherry forms obtained with embryo culture techniques and their study in the Crimean steppe
Authors: Chernenkiy L. A. , Lukicheva L. A. 
Published: July 2024

Background. Sweet cherry plants bear fruit annually, are high-yielding, and generate good profits. Cultivars with early-ripening fruits are specially valued. Cultivation of such sweet cherries makes it possible to extend the period of fresh fruit consumption and increase the profitability of orchards. It is therefore relevant to breed new early-ripening cultivars of this fruit plant. Materials and methods. Twenty sweet cherry forms from five hybrid families obtained with in vitro embryo culture techniques at the Nikita Botanical Gardens were analyzed. The original early-ripening cultivars included in the hybridization of ‘Durona di Vignola 2’ and ‘Zemfira’ were used as a control. Flowering dates, fruit ripening dates, fruit weight and quality, resistance to negative temperatures (down to –25.6°C), and susceptibility to fungal diseases were studied from 2012 to 2021 at the Steppe Horticulture Laboratory, Nikita Botanical Gardens, using conventional methods. Results and conclusions. Late-flowering breeding forms 460, 597, 602, 612 and 843 were selected for their lowest susceptibility to the effects of late spring frosts. Forms 343, 366, 453, 459, 460, 602, 612, 653, 353, 387, 600, 653 and 843 had early and very early fruit ripening periods. Forms 320, 434, 460, 593a, 597, 600, 601, 602 and 607 were identified for their high yields. Genotypes 459, 460, 601 and 843 demonstrated resistance to Cylindrosporium hiemale Higg., and 597, 843 and 320 to Monilia cinerea Bonord. High winter hardiness and frost resistance was observed in forms 355, 434, 459, 597 and 602. Breeding forms 460, 602 and 843 were identified as promising for a set of traits (late flowering, large high-quality fruits, resistance to major diseases, and high yield). They are of interest for introduction into horticultural production and use in further breeding work to develop new competitive cultivars.
Shoot complexes on the apical part of the crown of generative <i>Fraxinus excelsior</i> L. trees
Authors: Antonova I. S. , Televinova M. S. 
Published: July 2024

Background. Fraxinus excelsior L. is a common forest species in the Central Russian Upland, used to produce valuable lumber and for landscaping. Mass mortality of this species due to fungi and insects determines the relevance of its detailed research. Tree crown development features play an important role in the tree’s life in both dense communities and open spaces. Materials and methods. Shoots and large branches were collected from the apical part of the crown for ten years in Belgorod and Leningrad Provinces. The lengths of internodes and shoots, the numbers of leaves and branchings, and shoot development patterns were analyzed. An unmanned aerial vehicle was employed to examine the treetops. The complexes of large branches on the crown periphery in different age states (g1, g2, and g3) were studied both by direct measurement and using photographs. The effect of temperatures on the length and number of leaves was assessed with a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Shoots of F. excelsior are significantly shorter at high mean temperatures in the second ten-day period of June. The number of leaves on them is significantly greater at high temperatures in the second ten-day period of May. Six-to-eight-leafed shoots make up the ascending part on the curve of the sequence of internode lengths for the most developed shoots. In ontogenetic states g1 and g2, the crown surface is represented by sections of large branches. In the g3 state, they break up into complexes of small weakly branching spherical structures. The apical branches of the umbrella-shaped crown of generative ash trees are inverted cone-shaped shoot complexes with a similar development pattern. Conclusion. The structure and development of F. excelsior branches characterizes the ecological features of the species, manifested through the absence of obvious branching orders and combined with the inverted conical shape of large branches.
Adaptation features of the invasive species <i>Berberis aquifolium</i> Pursh and <i>Daphne laureola/i> L. in forest communities on the Southern Coast of Crimea
Authors: Bagrikova N. A. , Bondarenko Z. D. 
Published: July 2024

Background. Special attention is paid in many regions to invasive plant species introduced into natural plant communities. Studying the degree of naturalization of Berberis aquifolium Pursh and Daphne laureola L. on the Crimean Peninsula is important because these species are currently observed in different types of forest vegetation, including Protected Areas. Materials and methods. Forest plant communities with B. aquifolium and D. laureola served as the research target. A geobotanical survey was conducted in 2019–2021 using the Braun-Blanquet approach. The JUICE platform and the PC-ORD 5.0 algorithm were employed to perform the cluster analysis, and the PAST 3.26 software for the ordination analysis. Twelve factors were considered: soil humidity (Hd), humidity fluctuation (fH), substrate acidity (Rc), anionic composition (Tr), carbonate content (Ca), nitrogen content (Nt), granulometric (mechanical) composition of the substrate (Ae), illuminance of the community (Lc), thermal regime (Tm), aridity/humidity (Om), cryoregime (Cr), and climate continentality (Kn). Phytoindication technique was used to determine the parameters of ecological niches. Results and conclusion. The communities with B. aquifolium and D. laureola on the Southern Coast of Crimea were found to belong to the Quercetea pubescentis and Erico-Pinetea classes of vegetation. The species appeared to be most widespread in the pine-oak-hornbeam and oak-hornbeam-dogwood forest communities where they occurred mainly along riverbeds, near springs, and along gully bottoms. According to a majority of edaphoclimatic factors, their habitat conditions corresponded to the parameters of the fundamental niches for the studied species, which explains their high degree of adaptation to the natural environments on the Southern Coast of Crimea.
Resistance of potato cultivars and hybrid clones from the VIR collection to the northwestern population of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>
Authors: Zoteyeva N. M. , Kosareva O. S. , Rogozina E. V. , Chalaya N. A. 
Published: July 2024

Background. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a well-known pathogen affecting potato plants. Due to the changes in the pathogen population, the late blight disease caused by P. infestans is still difficult to manage. Economic losses are caused by the susceptibility of potato foliage or tubers to late blight, and both expressions of susceptibility are often not interconnected. Potato cultivars resistant to P. infestans are still too few to ensure reduction of harvest losses. Material and methods. In total, 682 potato cultivars and 20 hybrid clones from the VIR collection were screened in field and laboratory tests. They were assessed by conventional techniques. A score scale of 1–9 points was used both in the field and the laboratory, with 9 corresponding to disease resistance. Results. The results showed high infection pressure in the field during all four growing seasons of the experiment. The degrees of damage on the foliage varied from 1 to 8 points. The percentage of cultivars with strongly damaged foliage ranged from 55 % in 2020 to 66 % in 2023. From 17 % to 23 % of cultivars were assessed as moderately susceptible. The fact that many cultivars of various origin manifested compatibility with the local population of P. infestans during four growing seasons confirms its high and stable pathogenicity. Cultivars with high (points 7–8) or moderate (point 6) resistance were identified across the four years of testing. The part of the cultivars recognized as resistant earlier in 2017–2019 appeared to be moderately resistant or moderately susceptible in 2020–2023. Laboratory tests succeeded to identify genotypes with tuber resistance to late blight.
Resistance of European plum to fungal diseases in the foothill zone of Adygea
Authors: Sherstobitov V. V. , Kolesova M. A. 
Published: July 2024

Background. European plum (Prunus domestica L.) is a widespread stone fruit crop in Krasnodar Territory and Adygea. Development of fungal diseases, including brown rot, shot hole, red leaf spot, and rust, leads to a significant decrease in the harvest and marketable quality of P. domestica fruits. Therefore, breeding for resistance to these diseases is very important for planting highly productive European plum orchards. The objective of this study was to identify P. domestica cultivars resistant to four fungal diseases under the conditions of the foothill zone of Adygea. Materials and methods. The research material included 25 P. domestica cultivars from the collection orchard of Maikop Experiment Station of VIR. Resistance to fungal diseases was assessed in 2011–2022 using a conventional scale. Results and conclusions. Weather and climate conditions during the flowering, fruit growth and ripening periods of European plum affected the degree of damage inflicted by fungal diseases. Many years of testing resulted in identifying P. domestica cultivars with different scores of resistance to brown rot, shot hole, and rust. Ten P. domestica cultivars were characterized by group resistance to the abovementioned diseases: ‘Anna Shpet’ (k-3325), ‘Vengerka Rannyaya’ (k-3459), ‘Vengerka Italyanskaya’ (k-3444), ‘Musa Dzhaliev’ (k-26994), ‘Vengerka Vkusnaya’ (k-43323), ‘Persikovaya Michurina’ (k-30706), ‘Chernosliv Adygeyskiy’ (k-23743), ‘Chernosliv Shuntukskiy’ (k-23707), ‘Yekaterina’ (yellow) (k-3520), and ‘Vasсova’ (k-27639). They can be recommended to plum breeders for the development of P. domestica cultivars with group resistance to fungal diseases in the foothill zone of Adygea.
Nutrient composition in berries of promising cultivars and elite seedlings of <i>Ribes</i> L.
Authors: Akimov M. Yu. , Zhbanova E. V. , Zhidekhina T. V. , Mironov A. M. , Rodyukova O. S. 
Published: July 2024

Background. Black and red currant berries are high-vitamin dietary products and important raw materials for healthy food production. Materials and methods. Berries collected from promising cultivars and elite seedlings of black and red currant from the genetic collection of the I.V. Michurin Federal Science Center were analyzed. Chemical composition and total antioxidants were assessed in 2017–2022 with analytical instruments at the Biochemistry and Food Technology Laboratory according to standardtechniques. Results and discussion. Berries of the studied black currant genotypes accumulated 16.3 % Brix of soluble solids, 10.0 % of sugars, 2.47 % of organic acids, 117.3 mg/100 g of vitamin C, and 201.4 mg/100 g of anthocyanins. Black currant cv. ‘Aksinya’ was the best in chemical composition (the long-term average sugar content was 13.3 %, organic acids amounted to 1.97 %, vitamin C to 156.7 mg/100 g, and anthocyanins to 257.4 mg/100 g) and manifested high antioxidant properties (92.4 mg/100 g of gallic acid). Red currant berries contained 12.0 % Brix of soluble solids, 7.7 % of sugars, 1.69 % of organic acids, 34.0 mg/100 g of vitamin C, and 57.3 mg/100 g of anthocyanins. Red currant cv. ‘Gazel’ and elite seedling 30-7-58 were identified for more than 40 mg/100 g of vitamin C in their berries, while elite seedling 27-13-42 had the highest amount of anthocyanins (above 100 mg/100 g) and high antioxidant properties (45.7 mg/100 g of gallic acid). The identified sources are recommended for fresh consumption, functional food production, and further breeding efforts.
Studying regenerated soybean lines for their useful agronomic and biochemical characteristics
Authors: Butovets E. S. , Lukyanchuk L. M. , Kodirova G. A. , Kubankova G. V. , Efremova O. S. 
Published: July 2024

Background. The effect of heavy metal ions can cause ionic stress in plants – the problem of significant interest among researchers. This study was dedicated to the evaluation of genetically modified regenerated soybean lines obtained on nutrient media with heavy metal ions as a mutagenic factor. Materials and methods. Genetically modified regenerated soybean lines were tested at the Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory and Soybean Breeding Laboratory, Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika, and at the Agricultural Product Processing Laboratory, All-Russian Research Institute of Soybean. Object of the study. Fifteen regenerated soybean lines and source cultivars (‘Primorskaya 13’, ‘Primorskaya 301’, ‘Primorskaya 81’, and ‘Hodson’) served as the research material. Results. Soybean accessions promising for further breeding were selected on the basis of their useful agronomic traits, grain quality, and resistance to fungal diseases. Accessions R 1490 (0.41 kg/m2) and R 1606 (0.38 kg/m2) were identified for having the highest yield in the experiment. Accessions R 1568 (1000 seed weight was 200.0 g) and R 1609 (190.2 g) had the largest seeds. Accessions R 1584, R 1568 and R 1606 manifested complex resistance to fungal diseases under natural conditions, while accession R 1490 was the most resistant under artificial infection pressure. The experiment resulted in selecting a group of lines regenerated from cv. ‘Hodson’ with high content of protein, histidine, valine, methionine, and cysteine. Accessions R 1605 and R 1609 demonstrated the highest oil content. The study revealed changes in the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids С18:2/С18:1 in all regenerant groups.
Some anatomical, morphological and physiological features of the flag leaf in introgressive bread wheat lines with <i>Aegilops columnaris</i> Zhuk. genetic material
Authors: Dashtoian Iu. V. , Kalinina A. V. 
Published: July 2024

Background. A study of morphological, anatomical and physiological parameters of plants obtained as a result of introgressive breeding is important for assessing the prospects of their further use. Materials and methods. Spring bread wheat plants of cv. ‘Dobrynya’ and a set of introgressive wheat lines with Аegilops columnaris Zhuk. genetic material were studied. The area of flag leaves was measured. Preparations of macerated leaf tissue were used to analyze mesophyll parameters. Spectrophotometric techniques were applied to determine the composition of photosynthetic pigments in the flag leaf. Results and conclusion. A negative effect of substitutions of chromosomes 2A, 5B, 6A and 6D for chromosomes of the U and X genomes on the size of the flag leaf area was disclosed. There were no significant differences in cell shape and size among the lines and in comparison with the recipient cultivar. Changes in the content of pigments in flag leaf laminae have been recorded. Increased content of all groups of pigments was observed in the lines containing substitutions 6A(6G), 6B(6X) and 5B(5X)6A(6X). Substitution 2A(2U) led to a decrease in the level of chlorophyll, the ratio of chlorophyll a to b, and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoids.