bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration into political ecology and nonhuman agency: The case of the wild horse in western Canada
Authors: Notzke Claudia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFree‐ranging wild/feral horse populations are found worldwide in a variety of habitats. The animals have varied ecological impacts and socio‐cultural significance which are reflected in profoundly different management approaches. Using qualitative methods, this article investigates divergent perceptions of wild horses in western Canada employing two different frameworks: that of political ecological constructivism and that of nonhuman agency in a more‐than‐human geography. Government authorities mostly view the wild horse as an alien introduced species which competes with native wildlife and negatively impacts native ecosystems as well as interferes with resource industries. In this article, I suggest that the prevalent government view may be interpreted as an example of environmental orthodoxies. This view will be contrasted with an interpretation of wild horses as reintroduced wildlife, based on the findings of molecular biology using mitochondrial DNA analysis, and adopting a paleoecological perspective. However, this view, too, can be challenged as to its objectivity. Finally, this article will show that an engagement with wild horses as nonhuman agents, particularly through the lens of nonhuman charisma, is crucial for understanding the dynamics of change in government approaches to wild horse management as well as a culturally differentiated relationship with these animals.
Whole exome sequencing is an efficient and sensitive method for detection of germline mutations in patients with phaeochromcytomas and paragangliomas
Authors: McInerney‐Leo Aideen M. , Marshall Mhairi S. , Gardiner Brooke , Benn Diana E. , McFarlane Janelle , Robinson Bruce G. , Brown Matthew A. , Leo Paul J. , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick J. , Duncan Emma L. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundGenetic testing is recommended when the probability of a disease‐associated germline mutation exceeds 10%. Germline mutations are found in approximately 25% of individuals with phaeochromcytoma (PCC) or paraganglioma (PGL); however, genetic heterogeneity for PCC/PGL means many genes may require sequencing. A phenotype‐directed iterative approach may limit costs but may also delay diagnosis, and will not detect mutations in genes not previously associated with PCC/PGL.ObjectiveTo assess whether whole exome sequencing (WES) was efficient and sensitive for mutation detection in PCC/PGL.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed on blinded samples from eleven individuals with PCC/PGL and known mutations. Illumina TruSeq™ (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) was used for exome capture of seven samples, and NimbleGen SeqCap EZ v3.0 (Roche NimbleGen Inc, Basel, Switzerland) for five samples (one sample was repeated). Massive parallel sequencing was performed on multiplexed samples. Sequencing data were called using Genome Analysis Toolkit and annotated using annovar. Data were assessed for coding variants in RET, NF1, VHL, SDHD, SDHB, SDHC, SDHA, SDHAF2, KIF1B, TMEM127, EGLN1 and MAX. Target capture of five exome capture platforms was compared.ResultsSix of seven mutations were detected using Illumina TruSeq™ exome capture. All five mutations were detected using NimbleGen SeqCap EZ v3.0 platform, including the mutation missed using Illumina TruSeq™ capture. Target capture for exons in known PCC/PGL genes differs substantially between platforms. Exome sequencing was inexpensive (<$A800 per sample for reagents) and rapid (results <5 weeks from sample reception).ConclusionWhole exome sequencing is sensitive, rapid and efficient for detection of PCC/PGL germline mutations. However, capture platform selection is critical to maximize sensitivity.
Global clinical response in Cushing's syndrome patients treated with mifepristone
Authors: Katznelson Laurence , Loriaux D. Lynn , Feldman David , Braunstein Glenn D. , Schteingart David E. , Gross Coleman 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectiveMifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, improves clinical status in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). We examined the pattern, reliability and correlates of global clinical response (GCR) assessments during a 6‐month clinical trial of mifepristone in CS.DesignPost hoc analysis of secondary end‐point data from a 24‐week multicentre, open‐label trial of mifepristone (300–1200 mg daily) in CS. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine rater concordance, and drivers of clinical improvement were determined by multivariate regression analysis.PatientsForty‐six adult patients with refractory CS along with diabetes mellitus type 2 or impaired glucose tolerance, and/or a diagnosis of hypertension.MeasurementsGlobal clinical assessment made by three independent reviewers using a three‐point ordinal scale (+1 = improvement; 0 = no change; −1 = worsening) based on eight broad clinical categories including glucose control, lipids, blood pressure, body composition, clinical appearance, strength, psychiatric/cognitive symptoms and quality of life at Weeks 6, 10, 16, and 24.ResultsPositive GCR increased progressively over time with 88% of patients having improved at Week 24 (P < 0·001). The full concordance among reviewers occurred in 76·6% of evaluations resulting in an ICC of 0·652 (P < 0·001). Changes in body weight (P < 0·0001), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0·0001), two‐hour postoral glucose challenge glucose concentration (P = 0·0003), and Cushingoid appearance (P = 0·022) were strong correlates of GCR.ConclusionsMifepristone treatment for CS results in progressive clinical improvement. Overall agreement among clinical reviewers was substantial and determinants of positive GCR included change in weight, blood pressure, glucose levels and appearance.
Parathyroidectomy improves cardiovascular outcome in nondiabetic dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Lin Ho‐Cheng , Chen Chien‐Liang , Lin Huey‐Shyan , Chou Kang‐Ju , Fang Hua‐Chang , Liu Shiuh‐Inn , Hsu Chih‐Yang , Huang Wei‐Chieh , Huang Chien‐Wei , Huang Chun K. , Chang Tsu‐Yuan , Chang Yun‐Te , Lee Po‐Tsang 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectiveSecondary hyperparathyroidism and its associated abnormalities in mineral metabolism and haemodynamic changes increase the cardiovascular risk in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Our objective was to determine the association of parathyroidectomy (PTX) with major cardiovascular events in nondiabetic dialysis patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH).Design and PatientsWe performed a cohort study with fifty‐three nondiabeticESRDpatients who were treated with maintenance haemodialysis and who had intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels > 800 pg/ml. Participants received either only medical therapy or medical therapy and totalPTXwith autotransplantation forSHPTH.MeasurementsWe evaluated the associations betweenPTXand major cardiovascular events including death, cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction. The biochemical and haemodynamic changes associated withPTXwere measured.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up of 72 months, twenty‐three patients received only medical treatment (medical group) while thirty patients underwentPTXin addition to medical treatment (PTXgroup). The two groups were comparable in respect of baseline characteristics.PTXgroup was found to be associated with a reduced incidence of major cardiovascular events (P = 0·021). A multiple Cox regression analysis showed that the variable significantly associated with major cardiovascular events was treatment modality (medical therapyvsmedical therapy and parathyroidectomy, hazard ratio = 26·12, 95% CI = 1·30–526·27,P = 0·033). Blood pressure, haemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate and calcium × phosphate product significantly improved afterPTX.ConclusionsPTXwas associated with better cardiovascular outcome in nondiabetic dialysis patients with severeSHPTH.
Long‐Term Evaluation ofANKYLOS® Dental Implants, PartI: 20‐Year Life Table Analysis of a Longitudinal Study of More Than 12,500 Implants
Authors: Krebs Mischa , Schmenger Kai , Neumann Konrad , Weigl Paul , Moser Walter , Nentwig Georg‐Hubertus 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeScientific evidence is limited regarding the long‐term (>10 years) outcomes of large enough numbers of implants (>500) to allow for reliable comparison of subgroups. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of dental implants placed in an active University Clinic setting and followed for up to 20 years.Materials and MethodsData documenting the implant placement, prosthetic reconstruction, and annual follow‐up of patients treated at Frankfurt University were extracted from a Structured Query Language database and patients' written records and evaluated statistically.ResultsBetweenApril of 1991 andMay of 2011, 12,737ANKYLOS® (DENTSPLY Implants Manufacturing GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) implants were placed in 4,206 patients for a variety of clinical indications. The Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival rate (CSR) was 93.3% after 204 months. Most of the failures (198/1.6%) occurred during the first year after implant placement and before prosthesis delivery. A significantly higher (p < .001) number of implants placed in the mandible and in hard quality bone failed than those placed in the maxilla or in weak and normal quality bone. Female patients had significantly higherCSRs(93.7% 204 months) than male patients (92.8% 204 months/p = .029). The implants showed low rates of peri‐implant bone loss after 204 months (horizontal: ≤1 mm: 85.7%, vertical: ≤1 mm: 85.2%).ConclusionANKYLOSdental implants followed for up to 20 years have highCSRsand low rates of peri‐implant bone loss.
Crestal Bone Stability around Implants with Horizontally Matching Connection after Soft Tissue Thickening: A Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Linkevicius Tomas , Puisys Algirdas , Linkeviciene Laura , Peciuliene Vytaute , Schlee Markus 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt has been shown that thin mucosal tissues may be an important factor in crestal bone loss etiology. Thus, it is possible that mucosal tissue thickening with allogenic membrane might reduce crestal bone loss.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate how implants with traditional connection maintain crestal bone level after soft tissue thickening with allogenic membrane.Materials and MethodsOne hundred three patients received 103 internal hex implants of 4.6 mm diameter with regular connection. According to gingiva thickness, patients were assigned into A (thin tissues, n = 34), B (thin, thickened with allogenic membrane, n = 35), and C group (thick tissues, n = 34). Groups A and C had one‐stage approach, and in group B, implants were placed in two stages. Radiographic examination was performed after implant placement, 2 months after healing, after restoration, and after 1‐year follow‐up. Crestal bone loss was calculated medially and distally. Significance was set to 0.05.ResultsAfter 1‐year follow‐up, implants in group A had 1.65 ± 0.08‐mm bone loss mesially and 1.81 ± 0.06 mm distally. Group B had 0.31 ± 0.05 mm mesially and 0.34 ± 0.05 mm distally. C group implants experienced bone loss of 0.44 ± 0.06 mm mesially and 0.47 ± 0.07 mm distally. Differences between A and B, and A and C were significant (p = .000) both mesially and distally, whereas differences between B and C were not significant mesially (p = .166) and distally (p = .255).ConclusionsIt can be concluded that thin mucosal tissues may cause early crestal bone loss, but their thickening with allogenic membrane may significantly reduce bone resorption. Implants in naturally thick soft tissues experienced minor bone remodeling.
Oblong, a program to analyse phylogenomic data sets with millions of characters, requiring negligible amounts of RAM
Authors: Goloboff Pablo A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOblong, a program with very low memory requirements, is presented. It is designed for parsimony analysis of data sets comprising many characters for moderate numbers of taxa (the order of up to a few hundred). The program can avoid using vast amounts of RAM by temporarily saving data to disk buffers, only parts of which are periodically read back in by the program. In this way, the entire data set is never held in RAM by the program—only small parts of it. While using disk files to store the data slows down searches, it does so only by a relatively small factor (4× to 5×), because the program minimizes the number of times the data must be accessed (i.e. read back in) during tree searches. Thus, even if the program is not designed primarily for speed, runtimes are within an order of magnitude of those of the fastest existing parsimony programs.
Volumetric dimensional changes of autogenous bone and the mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone graft in humans maxillary sinus augmentation. A multislice tomographic study
Authors: Cosso Mauricio G. , de Brito Rui B. , Piattelli Adriano , Shibli Jamil A. , Zenóbio Elton G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeThis multislice tomographic study evaluated the dimensional changes after maxillary sinus augmentation using autogenous bone or a mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone.Materials and methodsTen selected patients, requiring a bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation, were divided, in a split mouth, design as follows: control group (CG n = 10 sinus grafted with autogenous bone) and test group (TG, n = 10 sinus grafted with a mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone at 80 : 20 w/w). Follow a healing period of 15 and 180 days, computed tomography (CT) measurements were taken by two blinded and calibrated examiners to verify the volumetric dimensional changes of the both groups.ResultsThe interobserver agreement obtained ranged from good to excellent for both groups. Both groups presented significant dimensional changes after 180 days period healing (P < 0.05). The volumetric reduction in test group was lower (25.87%) when compared with the CG (42.30%) (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe both graft materials improved the bone volumetric ability to anchorage a dental implant. Moreover, the mixture of HA and autogenous bone graft showed lower degree of resorption and higher dimensional stability when compared with autogenous bone graft alone, at least at 180 days of healing. The CT exam protocol should be used as an important tool to measure bone grafts volumetric alterations.
Development of a standardized procedure for testing the efficacy of workplace cleansers
Authors: Elsner Peter , Seyfarth Florian , Sonsmann Flora , John Swen‐Malte , Diepgen Thomas , Schliemann Sibylle 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackgroundOccupational skin cleansing is a risk factor for cumulative irritant dermatitis. Standardized methods are required to assess the cleaning efficacy of occupational skin cleansers, allowing us to choose the optimal cleanser with minimal irritation for specific workplaces.ObjectivesTo develop a standardized procedure for testing the cleaning efficacy of occupational skin cleansers.MethodsIn this single‐blind, randomized, monocentric clinical trial in 24 healthy volunteers, the cleaning efficacy of generic reference cleansers was assessed against standardized test dirts. The test procedure included standardized dirt application, standardized washing with an automated skin cleaning device, and quantification of the cleaning efficacy by chromametry. For two cleansers, reproducibility of the cleaning efficacy assessment was studied. Furthermore, the performance of two cleansers was compared with that of commercial skin cleansers.ResultsCleaning factors ranged from 12% up to 97% for the respective model dirts. A high reproducibility of the washing and the assessment procedure could be shown. The comparison of the washing efficacies for two reference cleansers with those of commercial cleansers showed partly similar performances, but also a higher cleaning efficacy for some dirts of the reference cleansers.ConclusionsThe testing procedure proved to be applicable to a wide spectrum of cleansers and model dirts.
Filaggrin loss‐of‐function mutations and atopic dermatitis as risk factors for hand eczema in apprentice nurses: part II of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Visser Maaike J. , Verberk Maarten M. , Campbell Linda E. , McLean W. H. Irwin , Calkoen Florentine , Bakker Jan G. , van Dijk Frank J. H. , Bos Jan D. , Kezic Sanja 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackground/objectivesEnvironmental exposure and personal susceptibility both contribute to the development of hand eczema. In this study, we investigated the effect of loss‐of‐function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG), atopic dermatitis and wet work exposure on the development of hand eczema in apprentice nurses.MethodsDutch apprentice nurses were genotyped for the four most common FLG mutations; atopic dermatitis and hand eczema history were assessed by questionnaire. Exposure and hand eczema during traineeships were assessed with diary cards.ResultsThe prevalence of hand eczema during traineeships was higher among subjects with a history of hand eczema reported at inclusion. Hand washing during traineeships and at home increased the risk of hand eczema. After adjustment for the effects of exposure and FLG mutations, an odds ratio of 2.5 (90% confidence interval 1.7–3.7) was found for a history of atopic dermatitis. In this study, an increased risk of hand eczema conferred by FLG mutations could not be shown, but subjects with concomitant FLG mutations and atopic dermatitis showed the highest risk of hand eczema during traineeships.ConclusionA history of atopic dermatitis, a history of hand eczema and wet work exposure were the most important factors increasing the risk of hand eczema during traineeships.
Factors related to lymph node harvest: does a recovery of more than 12 improve the outcome of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Moro‐Valdezate D. , Pla‐Martí V. , Martín‐Arévalo J. , Belenguer‐Rodrigo J. , Aragó‐Chofre P. , Ruiz‐Carmona M. D. , Checa‐Ayet F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe nodal harvest was studied to identify factors that affected the number of lymph nodes (LNs) retrieved in patients undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer. The influence of predictive factors on overall and disease‐free 5‐year survival was analysed.MethodAll patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who underwent oncological resection consecutively from January 1996 to December 2011 in a single institution have been studied. Factors influencing LN retrieval were analysed. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors that predicted a recovery of more than 12 LNs. A Cox regression analysis was made to identify the predictive factors of overall and disease‐free 5‐year survival.ResultsA total of 1166 patients were included in the study. The factors associated with the number of LNs harvested in surgical resections were age, colorectal surgeon, right colectomy, total colectomy, year of surgery, number of LN metastases and lymphocyte response. The factors that predicted a recovery of ≥ 12 LNs were age < 60 years, right colectomy, year of surgery and expert pathologist. A recovery of ≥ 12 LNs did not show significant differences in overall and disease‐free 5‐year survival, but the factor of colorectal surgeon did.ConclusionNumber of LN metastases, lymphocyte response, type of surgical resection, age of patient and colorectal surgeon can predict the LN harvest. Survival in colorectal cancer, however, is probably more influenced by the performance of the operation by an expert surgeon than by recovery of more than 12 LNs.
Magnetic resonance diffusion tractography of the preterm infant brain: a systematic review
Authors: Pannek Kerstin , Scheck Simon M , Colditz Paul B , Boyd Roslyn N , Rose Stephen E 
Published: October 2013

AimPreterm birth is associated with an increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) combined with tractography can be used to assess non‐invasively white matter microstructure and brain development in preterm infants. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of the current evidence obtained from tractography studies of preterm infants in whom MRI was performed up to term‐equivalent age.MethodDatabases were searched for dMRI tractography studies of preterm infants.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were assessed. The most frequently assessed tracts included the corticospinal tract, the corpus callosum, and the optic radiations. The superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the anterior and superior thalamic radiations were investigated less frequently. A clear relationship exists between diffusion metrics and postmenstrual age at the time of scanning, although the evidence of an effect of gestational age at birth and white matter injury is conflicting. Sex and laterality may play an important role in the relationship between diffusion metrics, early clinical assessment, and outcomes.InterpretationStudies involving infants of all gestational ages are required to elucidate the relationship between gestational age and diffusion metrics, and to establish the utility of tractography as a predictive tool. There is a need for more robust acquisition and analysis methods to improve the accuracy of assessing development of white matter pathways.
Reproducibility of an instrumented measure for passive ankle dorsiflexion in conscious and anaesthetized children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hastings‐Ison Tandy , Blackburn Christine , Opie Nicholas L , Graham H Kerr , Rawicki Barry , Wolfe Rory , Simpson Pam , Baker Richard 
Published: October 2013

AimThe aims of this study were to (1) determine whether an instrumented measure will reduce measurement error to less than 5° in children with cerebral palsy (CP), (2) determine agreement and reliability of this instrumented measure in both conscious and anaesthetized participants, and (3) compare the method with previously reported measures.MethodThirty‐four ambulant children (15 males, 19 females), aged 3 to 9 years, with spastic CP were studied in a tertiary‐care paediatric hospital (21 with hemiplegia, 11 with diplegia, and two with quadriplegia). The majority of children functioned at Gross Motor Function Classification System level I (n=11) or II (n=18), with five children at level III. Ankle dorsiflexion at 50% bodyweight was photographed and measured. Each child was measured when conscious and when under mask anaesthesia by two experienced assessors.ResultsThe standard error of measurement (SEM) ranged from 3.9° (anaesthetized; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3–4.0°) to 6.7° (conscious; 95% CI 5.3–8.0°). This compared favourably with previously reported dorsiflexion measures (SEM range 6.5–7.8°) in conscious children with CP. Intrarater reliability was good in both conditions (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: range 0.95 [anaesthetized; 95% CI 0.92–0.98] to 0.86 [conscious; 95% CI 0.76–0.95]). The ICC for interrater reliability ranged from 0.87 (anaesthetized; 95% CI 0.81–0.93) to 0.65 (conscious; 95% CI 0.50–0.81).InterpretationPassive ankle dorsiflexion using an instrumented measure has face validity and may assist in the improvement of reproducibility under anaesthesia for clinical research. When an individual is conscious, this technique is not better than trained assessors using conventional goniometry reported in the literature and is not recommended for routine clinical use.