bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volleyball training improves working memory in children aged 7 to 12 years old: an fNIRS study
Authors: Zhong Xiaoke , Dai Yuanfu , Xu Mingchao , Jiang Changhao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 12-wk extracurricular volleyball training on working memory from both behavioral and cerebral aspects. A total of 80 children were randomized assigned to (i) the experimental group, who engaged in extracurricular volleyball training for 60 min, thrice a week for 12 wk, and (ii) the control group, who maintained their regular daily routine. Working memory was evaluated in both groups using the N-back task before and after the intervention. Furthermore, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to monitor the level of oxygenated hemoglobin in the prefrontal cortex. The experimental group performed better in the behavioral task than the control group, as evidenced by a shorter response time and a higher correct rate. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy results suggested that the activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. In addition, correlation analyses showed that the enhancement of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation was significantly correlated with decreasing response time and improving response accuracy in the N-back task. These findings suggest that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is likely the neural substrate for improved working memory performance elicited by 12-wk open skill exercise.
Revisiting the Evidence Base That Informs the Use of Adjunctive Therapy for Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Prosty Connor , Sorin Mark , Katergi Khaled , Khalaf Roy , Fogarty Clare , Turenne Malick , Lee Todd C , McDonald Emily G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Guidelines recommend adjunctive gentamicin for the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) despite a risk of toxicity. We sought to revisit the evidence for adjunctive therapy in EFIE and to synthesize the comparative safety and effectiveness of aminoglycosides versus ceftriaxone by systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
For historical context, we reviewed seminal case series and in vitro studies on the evolution from penicillin monotherapy to modern-day regimens for EFIE. Next, we searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception to 16 January 2024 for studies of EFIE that compared adjunctive aminoglycosides versus ceftriaxone or adjunctive versus monotherapy. Where possible, clinical outcomes were compared between regimens using random effects meta-analysis. Otherwise, data were narratively summarized.

Results
The meta-analysis was limited to 10 observational studies at high risk of bias (911 patients). Relative to adjunctive ceftriaxone, gentamicin had similar all-cause mortality (risk difference [RD], –0.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.0 to 3.5), relapse (RD, −0.1%; 95% CI, −2.4 to 2.3), and treatment failure (RD, 1.1%; 95% CI, −1.6 to 3.7) but higher discontinuation due to toxicity (RD, 26.3%; 95% CI, 19.8 to 32.7). The 3 studies that compared adjunctive therapy to monotherapy included only 30 monotherapy patients, and heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis.

Conclusions
Adjunctive ceftriaxone appeared to be equally effective and less toxic than gentamicin for the treatment of EFIE. The existing evidence does not clearly establish the superiority of either adjunctive therapy or monotherapy. Pending randomized evidence, if adjunctive therapy is to be used, ceftriaxone appears to be a reasonable option.
Percutaneous mechanical support in catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias: hype or hope?
Authors: Kautzner Josef , Hašková Jana , Stojadinovič Predrag , Peichl Petr , Wichterle Dan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Catheter ablation (CA) has become an established treatment strategy for managing recurrent ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in patients with structural heart disease. In recent years, percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (PMCS) devices have been increasingly used intra-operatively to improve the ablation outcome. One indication would be rescue therapy for patients who develop haemodynamic deterioration during the ablation. However, more efforts are focused on identifying subjects who are at high risk of such deterioration and could benefit from the pre-emptive use of the PMCS. The third reason to use PMCS could be the inability to identify diffuse substrate, especially in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. This paper reviews available experiences using various types of PMCS in different clinical scenarios. Although PMCS allows mapping during VT, it does not significantly influence acute outcomes and not convincingly long-term outcomes. On the contrary, the complication rate appears to be higher in PMCS cohorts. Our data suggest that even in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, the substrate modification can be performed without the need for general anaesthesia and risk of haemodynamic decompensation. In end-stage heart failure associated with the electrical storm, implantation of a left ventricular assist device (or PMCS with a transition to the left ventricular assist device) might be the preferred strategy before CA. In high-risk patients who are not potential candidates for these treatment options, radiotherapy could be considered as a bail-out treatment of recurrent VTs. These approaches should be studied in prospective trials.
The evolution of reduced facilitation in a four-species bacterial community
Authors: Piccardi Philippe , Ulrich Eric , Garcia-Garcerà Marc , Martino Rita Di , Testa Samuele E A , Mitri Sara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Microbial evolution is typically studied in monocultures or in communities of competing species. But microbes do not always compete and how positive inter-species interactions drive evolution is less clear: Initially facilitative communities may either evolve increased mutualism, increased reliance on certain species according to the Black Queen Hypothesis (BQH), or weaker interactions and resource specialization. To distinguish between these outcomes, we evolved four species for 44 weeks either alone or together in a toxic pollutant. These species initially facilitated each other, promoting each other’s survival and pollutant degradation. After evolution, two species (Microbacterium liquefaciens and Ochrobactrum anthropi) that initially relied fully on others to survive continued to do so, with no evidence for increased mutualism. Instead, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Comamonas testosteroni (Ct) whose ancestors interacted positively, evolved in community to interact more neutrally and grew less well than when they had evolved alone, suggesting that the community limited their adaptation. We detected several gene loss events in Ct when evolving with others, but these events did not increase its reliance on other species, contrary to expectations under the BQH. We hypothesize instead that these gene loss events are a consequence of resource specialization. Finally, co-evolved communities degraded the pollutant worse than their ancestors. Together, our results support the evolution of weakened interactions and resource specialization, similar to what has been observed in competitive communities.
Dynamics of the lipid body lipidome in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia sp
Authors: Joshi Apoorva Ravindra , Barvkar Vitthal T , Kashikar Akanksha , Gaikwad Prashant , Ravikumar Ameeta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Time-dependent changes in the lipid body (LB) lipidome of two oleaginous yeasts, Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3589 and Yarrowia bubula NCIM 3590 differing in growth temperature was investigated. LB size and lipid content were higher in Y. lipolytica based on microscopy, Feret, and integrated density analysis with lipid accumulation and mobilization occurring at 48 h in both strains. Variations in LB lipidome were reflected in interfacial tension (59.67 and 68.59 mN m−1) and phase transition temperatures (30°C–100°C and 60°C–100°C) for Y. lipolytica and Y. bubula, respectively. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC–MS) analysis revealed neutral lipids (NLs), phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and fatty acids as the major classes present in both strains while fatty acid amides were seen only in Y. lipolytica. Amongst the lipid classes, a few species were present in abundance with a number of lipids being less dominant. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and Analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) analysis suggest 22 lipids belonging to NLs, fatty acid amides, and free fatty acids were found to be statistically different between the two strains. Analysis of the ratios between different lipid components suggest changes in LB size and mobilization as a function of time. The results indicate influence of temperature and strain variation on the dynamics of LB lipidome in Yarrowia species.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Loneliness Among Older Adults: The Role of Income and Education as Mediators
Authors: Taylor Harry Owen , Chen Yu-Chih , Tsuchiya Kazumi , Cudjoe Thomas K M , Qin Weidi , Nguyen Ann W , Roy Arka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Loneliness is a major public health concern; however, limited research has examined the mechanisms contributing to racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness. Race/ethnicity has been hypothesized to be a distal factor influencing loneliness, and racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness may be attributable to socioeconomic factors (e.g., income and education). Our study seeks to confirm these hypotheses by examining mechanisms that contribute to racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness. In other words, if racial/ethnic differences in loneliness among older adults are mediated by income and education.

Research Design and Methods
Data came from the Health and Retirement Study Leave-Behind Questionnaire, 2014–2016. Loneliness was measured by the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale. Race/ethnicity categories were White, Black, and Hispanic/Latino. The mediator variables were household income and education. Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine differences in loneliness by race/ethnicity. The Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) mediation method was used to determine if income and education mediated racial/ethnic differences in loneliness.

Results
In models examining income and education together, a complete mediation was found between White and Black older adults, in that income and education completely mediated differences in loneliness between these groups. A partial mediation was found between White and Hispanic, and Black and Hispanic older adults. When examining income and education separately, we found that income solely accounted for racial/ethnic differences in loneliness compared to education.

Discussion and Implications
Our study is the first to explicitly determine if socioeconomic factors mediate race/ethnicity differences in loneliness among a national sample of older adults. These findings illustrate that income may have greater proximate effects for loneliness among older adults in comparison to education. Additionally, these findings can inform evidence-based interventions to reduce loneliness among older adults. Interventions that enhance quality of life and provide opportunities for socialization for racialized low-income older adults may help decrease racial/ethnic inequities in loneliness.
Revisiting G 1/19 Three Years Later: A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Fischer Michael M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Decision G 1/19 of the EPO’s Enlarged Board of Appeal has changed the patentability of computer-implemented simulations. It has also had an impact on the patentability of computer-implemented inventions in Europe more generally, which has become more restrictive as existing case law has not been confirmed. Moreover, G 1/19 has started a process in which previously well-defined legal terms are becoming increasingly blurred. The author identifies the problems associated with this development and points to early case law, such as T 208/84 and the German Federal Supreme Court’s (BGH) Logikverifikation, which the Enlarged Board of Appeal could easily have followed but chose not to. Finally, the author presents his own ‘Three Motives Model’ as a possible solution and compares it with a previous, similar model based on a ‘Virtual Analog Rule’ for patent eligibility suggested by Joseph. S. Bird in the US in 2015.
Effectiveness of e-learning material on essential components of evidence-based medicine among laypersons: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Okabayashi Satoe , Kitazawa Kyoko , Noma Hisashi , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Iwami Taku , Kawamura Takashi , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is helpful for laypersons’ decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning materials on the essential components of EBM for laypersons. We conducted a web-based, open-label, randomized controlled trial with laypersons in Japan aged ≥20 years who used the internet. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group with the e-learning material and the control group with only the ‘Introduction’ section of the same material. The primary and secondary outcomes were the self-created acquirement test scores (responding correctly with confidence) immediately after using the material and after 4 weeks. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. Of the 122 participants, 62 were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 59 to the control group; finally, 59 and 58, respectively, were included in the full analysis set. The mean (standard deviation) of the acquirement test score immediately after learning was 14.11 and (3.11) and 11.07 (3.88) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, indicating statistical significance (multivariable P &lt; 0.001). The secondary long-term outcome was also statistically significant. The results showed that the e-learning material was effective for laypersons in acquiring the essential components of EBM. The material may increase laypersons’ confidence in appraising health information, which can be used in decision-making.
Polar Multiplicities and Integral Dependence
Authors: Cid-Ruiz Yairon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We provide new criteria for the integrality and birationality of an extension of graded algebras in terms of the general notion of polar multiplicities of Kleiman and Thorup. As an application, we obtain a new criterion for when a module is a reduction of another in terms of certain mixed Buchsbaum–Rim multiplicities. Furthermore, we prove several technical results regarding polar multiplicities.
SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment Followed by Vaccination Shifts Human Memory B-Cell Epitope Recognition, Suggesting Antibody Feedback
Authors: Bloom Nathaniel , Ramirez Sydney I , Cohn Hallie , Parikh Urvi M , Heaps Amy , Sieg Scott F , Greninger Alex , Ritz Justin , Moser Carlee , Eron Joseph J , Bajic Goran , Currier Judith S , Klekotka Paul , Wohl David A , Daar Eric S , Li Jonathan , Hughes Michael D , Chew Kara W , Smith Davey M , Crotty Shane , Coelho Camila H ,   for the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines–2/A5401 (ACTIV-2/A5401) Study Team, Hosey Lara , Roa Jhoanna , Patel Nilam , Erhardt Bill , Adams Stacey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been studied in humans, but the impact on immune memory of mAb treatment during an ongoing infection remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of infusion of the anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) mAb bamlanivimab on memory B cells (MBCs) in SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals. Bamlanivimab treatment skewed the repertoire of MBCs targeting spike toward non-RBD epitopes. Furthermore, the relative affinity of RBD MBCs was weaker in mAb-treated individuals compared to placebo-treated individuals over time. Subsequently, after mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, MBC differences persisted and mapped to a specific reduction in recognition of the class II RBD site, the same RBD epitope recognized by bamlanivimab. These findings indicate a substantial role of antibody feedback in regulating MBC responses to infection, and single mAb administration can continue to impact MBC responses to additional antigen exposures months later.
Ampicillin-sulbactam against Acinetobacter baumannii infections: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic appraisal of current susceptibility breakpoints and dosing recommendations
Authors: Abouelhassan Yasmeen , Kuti Joseph L , Nicolau David P , Abdelraouf Kamilia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Sulbactam dosing for Acinetobacter baumannii infections has not been standardized due to limited available pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) data. Herein, we report a comprehensive PK/PD analysis of ampicillin-sulbactam against A. baumannii pneumonia.

Methods
Twenty-one A. baumannii clinical isolates were tested in the neutropenic murine pneumonia model. For dose-ranging studies, groups of mice were administered escalating doses of ampicillin-sulbactam. Changes in log10cfu/lungs relative to 0 h were assessed. Dose-fractionation studies were performed. Estimates of the percentage of of time during which the unbound plasma sulbactam concentrations exceeded the MIC (%fT &gt; MIC) required for different efficacy endpoints were calculated. The probabilities of target attainment (PTA) for the 1-log kill plasma targets were estimated following clinically utilized sulbactam regimens.

Results
Dose-fractionation studies demonstrated time-dependent kill. Isolates resistant to both sulbactam and meropenem required three times the exposures to achieve 1-log kill; median [IQR] %fT &gt; MIC of 60.37% [51.6–66.8] compared with other phenotypes (21.17 [16.0–32.9] %fT &gt; MIC). Sulbactam standard dose (1 g q6h, 0.5 h infusion) provided &gt;90% PTA up to MIC of 4 mg/L. Sulbactam 3 g q8h, 4 h inf provided greater PTA for isolates with sulbactam-intermediate susceptibility (8 mg/L, 100% versus 86% following the standard dose). Despite the higher exposure following 3 g q8h, 4 h inf, PTA was ≤57% among sulbactam-resistant/meropenem-resistant isolates.

Conclusion
Sulbactam standard dose is a valuable regimen across sulbactam-susceptible isolates while the high-dose extended-infusion provides additional benefit against sulbactam-intermediate isolates. Given that most of the sulbactam-resistant A. baumannii isolates are meropenem-resistant, high-dose prolonged-infusion regimens are not expected to be effective as monotherapy against infections due to these isolates.
Prompt engineering on leveraging large language models in generating response to InBasket messages
Authors: Yan Sherry , Knapp Wendi , Leong Andrew , Kadkhodazadeh Sarira , Das Souvik , Jones Veena G , Clark Robert , Grattendick David , Chen Kevin , Hladik Lisa , Fagan Lawrence , Chan Albert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proposed as a solution to address high volumes of Patient Medical Advice Requests (PMARs). This study addresses whether LLMs can generate high quality draft responses to PMARs that satisfies both patients and clinicians with prompt engineering.

Materials and Methods
We designed a novel human-involved iterative processes to train and validate prompts to LLM in creating appropriate responses to PMARs. GPT-4 was used to generate response to the messages. We updated the prompts, and evaluated both clinician and patient acceptance of LLM-generated draft responses at each iteration, and tested the optimized prompt on independent validation data sets. The optimized prompt was implemented in the electronic health record production environment and tested by 69 primary care clinicians.

Results
After 3 iterations of prompt engineering, physician acceptance of draft suitability increased from 62% to 84% (P &lt;.001) in the validation dataset (N = 200), and 74% of drafts in the test dataset were rated as “helpful.” Patients also noted significantly increased favorability of message tone (78%) and overall quality (80%) for the optimized prompt compared to the original prompt in the training dataset, patients were unable to differentiate human and LLM-generated draft PMAR responses for 76% of the messages, in contrast to the earlier preference for human-generated responses. Majority (72%) of clinicians believed it can reduce cognitive load in dealing with InBasket messages.

Discussion and Conclusion
Informed by clinician and patient feedback synergistically, tuning in LLM prompt alone can be effective in creating clinically relevant and useful draft responses to PMARs.
Sclerotic prostate cancer bone metastasis: woven bone lesions with a twist
Authors: Eltit Felipe , Wang Qiong , Jung Naomi , Munshan Sheryl , Xie Dennis , Xu Samuel , Liang Doris , Mojtahedzadeh Bita , Liu Danmei , Charest-Morin Raphaële , Corey Eva , True Lawrence D , Morrissey Colm , Wang Rizhi , Cox Michael E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bone metastases are the most severe and prevalent consequences of prostate cancer (PC), affecting more than 80% of patients with advanced PC. PCBMs generate pain, pathological fractures, and paralysis. As modern therapies increase survival, more patients are suffering from these catastrophic consequences. Radiographically, PCBMs are predominantly osteosclerotic, but the mechanisms of abnormal bone formation and how this pathological increase in bone density is related to fractures are unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis on a cohort of 76 cadaveric PCBM specimens and 12 cancer-free specimens as controls. We used micro-computed tomography to determine 3D organization and quantify bone characteristics, quantitative backscattering electron microscopy to characterize mineral content and details in bone structure, nanoindentation to determine mechanical properties, and histological and immunohistochemical analysis of bone structure and composition. We define 4 PCBM phenotypes: osteolytic, mixed lytic-sclerotic, and 2 subgroups of osteosclerotic lesions—those with residual trabeculae, and others without residual trabeculae. The osteosclerotic lesions are characterized by the presence of abnormal bone accumulated on trabeculae surfaces and within intertrabecular spaces. This abnormal bone is characterized by higher lacunae density, abnormal lacunae morphology, and irregular lacunae orientation. However, mineral content, hardness, and elastic modulus at micron-scale were indistinguishable between this irregular bone and residual trabeculae. The collagen matrix of this abnormal bone presents with irregular organization and a prominent collagen III composition. These characteristics suggest that osteosclerotic PCBMs initiate new bone deposition as woven bone; however, the lack of subsequent bone remodeling, absence of lamellar bone deposition on its surface, and presence of collagen III distinguish this pathologic matrix from conventional woven bone. Although the mineralized matrix retains normal bone hardness and stiffness properties, the lack of fibril anisotropy presents a compromised trabecular structure, which may have clinical implications.