bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology, context, users: a conceptual model of CCTV
Authors: Menichelli Francesca 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to challenge the traditional placement of CCTV within the realm of crime prevention technologies and to propose a conceptualisation of surveillance cameras that takes into account how different elements interact to shape how these are understood, defined and used in the day-to-day practices of the police.

Design/methodology/approach
– Methodologically, the research draws on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in two medium-sized Italian cities where open-street CCTV systems have been recently implemented and is based on a combination of non-participant observations and interviews with police officers in both forces.

Findings
– Overall, two main findings emerge from the fieldwork. First, cameras are rarely used and not for reasons pertaining to crime control; rather, they have become a tool for the efficient management of scarce policing resources, with particular emphasis on the co-ordination and real-time tracking of patrolling personnel. Second, this shift is understood in radically different ways by officers in the two cities, so that what is experienced as a benign form of peer-to-peer co-ordination in Central City becomes a form of undue surveillance on the part of higher ranks in Northern City.

Originality/value
– The value of the present work is twofold. On one hand, it provides relevant information to police practitioners on how organisational and structural factors impact on the use of surveillance cameras in policing. On the other, embracing the idea that CCTV is constructed through the interaction of several distinct, yet related, processes can explain why the same technology is implemented, defined and used in different ways in comparable organisations.
The potential for violence in arrests of persons with mental illness
Authors: Mulvey Philip , White Michael 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to determine whether police use of force and suspect resistance are more likely to occur in arrest encounters involving suspects with mental health problems.Design/methodology/approach– The study uses data from interviews with 942 individuals recently arrested by officers in more than a dozen different police departments in Maricopa County, Arizona in 2010. Both logistic and ordinal regression analyses are used to predict two models of suspect resistance (resistance in the current arrest, resistance in a previous police contact) and three models of police use of force (any force in the current arrest, ordinal measure of force in the current arrest, and any force in a previous contact).Findings– The results provide empirical support for a link between mental illness and increased resistance against the police. With regard to arrestee mental illness and use of force, the results are mostly consistent with prior research suggesting a null relationship, with an important caveat involving greater use of higher level, weapon force.Research limitations/implications– The study suffers from the traditional limitations associated with self-report data, and the generalizability of the findings beyond arrest encounters in Maricopa County is not known. The explanatory power of the multivariate models was relatively weak, suggesting a good degree of unexplained variance.Practical implications– The non-significant relationship between arrestee mental illness and use of force is consistent with efforts by police to improve their response in these complex encounters. The significant weapon-force finding may suggest that police respond to the affronts of mentally ill suspects differently than affronts from other suspects. The non-significance of key extra-legal factors suggests that police decisions to use force were not influenced by arrestee race/ethnicity, age, or social standing.Originality/value– Unlike previous studies, the current research uses self-reported measures of mental health problems. The current study also examines arrests from more than a dozen different police departments.
Can investing in corporate social responsibility lower a company's cost of capital?
Authors: Cajias Marcelo , Fuerst Franz , Bienert Sven 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings on theex antecost of capital of more than 2,300 listed US companies in a panel from 2003 to 2010. It examines whether financial markets value continuous investment in CSR activities through higher market capitalization and lower cost of capital.Design/methodology/approach– The measure of the cost of capital reflects the perceived riskiness of individual companies expressed in the unobserved internal rate of return that investors expect to hold a risky asset. Based on descriptive portfolio estimations, panel and quantile regressions, the authors model the cost of equity capital as a function of CSR strengths and concerns obtained from the KLD-database and accounting controls.Findings– The authors show that firms' CSR strategies differ significantly across industry sectors. Customer-orientated companies such as telecommunications and automobile outperform asset-driven sectors such as real estate or chemical companies. Furthermore, the authors find a 10-bp positive effect for one standard deviation of firms' intensive allocation of resources in sustainable activities.Research limitations/implications– Since the authors are interested in the effect environmental, social and governance activities have on the firm's perceived market valuation rate, the authors apply the Fama-French model because of its efficiency in explaining realized returns, rather than incorporating analyst's long-term growth forecasts into the proxy for the equity premium.Practical implications– Managers of companies with low or intermediate CSR scores may consider the financial benefits of improving their social and environmental performance. A good starting point is usually to draw up a company-wide CSR agenda, possibly guided by a dedicated CSR task force, mapping out the potential costs and benefits of such measures. In addition, by improving their CSR ratings, a company may get access to additional resources, ranging from the growing ethical investment industry to employees for whom CSR performance matters when choosing an employer.Originality/value– The authors expand the existing literature by considering firm's CSR level to be in relation to the overall CSR performance and decompose firm's CSR agenda into strengths and concerns rather than counting the number of activities a firm is involved in. The applied methodology allows a better understanding of firm's CSR agenda and its implication for capital markets and investors on both long and short investment terms.
Aerobic scope predicts dominance during early life in a tropical damselfish
Authors: Killen Shaun S. , Mitchell Matthew D. , Rummer Jodie L. , Chivers Douglas P. , Ferrari Maud C. O. , Meekan Mark G. , McCormick Mark I. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

A range of physiological traits are linked with aggression and dominance within social hierarchies, but the role of individual aerobic capacity in facilitating aggression has seldom been studied. Further, links previously observed between an individual's metabolic rate and aggression level may be context dependent and modulated by factors such as social stress and fcompetitor familiarity.

We examined these issues in juvenile Ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, which display intraspecific competition for territories during settlement on coral reefs.

Individuals were measured for routine metabolic rate, aerobic scope (AS) and anaerobic capacity using intermittent‐flow respirometry before dyadic dominance contests. Post‐contest, fish were measured for metabolic rate in isolation and while interacting with their previous competitor or a stranger in adjacent transparent respirometers.

In arena contests, AS was correlated with aggression and dominance, while routine metabolic rate and anaerobic capacity were not related to dominance. Post‐contest, subordinates showed a rise in metabolic rate and decrease in available AS, presumably due to social stress. Dominants increased metabolic rate in the presence of a previous competitor, possibly due to the stresses of hierarchy maintenance.

Metabolic rate during aggressive interactions did not approach that measured during exhaustive exercise, suggesting individuals do not fully utilise their AS during aggression. A greater AS may, however, allow faster post‐contest recovery.

These results demonstrate a link between AS and dominance during intraspecific competition for territory. Selection on AS could therefore follow, either indirectly through correlations with other traits influencing resource‐holding potential, or directly if AS carries benefits important for territory acquisition or holding, such as an enhanced capacity to cope with socially induced stress.
What Kind of ‘Big Government’ is the Big Society? A Reply to Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley
Authors: Byrne Christopher , Kerr Peter , Foster Emma 
Published: May 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract This article Contributes to the debates applying Foucauldian theory to contemporary British Politics and invigorates the debate through a discussion with Bulley and Sokhi Bulley Develops understandings of contemporary British Politics under the Coalition government, particularly in light of the ‘Big Society’ project. Compares, through a Foucauldian framework, the differences and similarities between the New Labour (1997–2010) and Coalition (2010–) Governments Ultimately argues that the Coalition Government is demonstrative of a hybrid of the neo-liberal governmentality typical of the New Labour governments and a partial reversion to a more rudimentary Thatcherite form of neo-liberal governmentality. This article is a reply to Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley's recent article on the Big Society. We put forward two main criticisms of Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley's governmentality-focused approach in our alternative reading of the Big Society. Firstly, we argue that, given the ethopolitical strategies Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley focus their attention on are unlikely to produce the kind of transformation in the ethical outlook of citizens they suppose, the real historical significance of the Big Society must lie elsewhere. Secondly, we argue that Bulley and Sokhi-Bulley overlook the lines of continuity and discontinuity linking the Big Society to the forms of neo-liberal governmentality that have preceded it in British politics. In the final section of the article, we argue that the Cameron project amounts to both a partial continuation of the type of neo-liberal governmental rationality characteristic of the New Labour project and a partial reversion to a more rudimentary Thatcherite form of neo-liberal governmentality.
Queen Anne and Oxford: The Royal Visit of 1702 and Its Aftermath
Authors: ASTON NIGEL 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAnne's accession was greeted warmly in the University of Oxford, the intellectual centre of Toryism in the early eighteenth century, and she made Oxford the destination of one of her earliest excursions out of London in 1702. Yet Anne never returned to Oxford again, while majority opinion in the university was disappointed at her unwillingness to champion wholeheartedly the high‐church cause. It was only after 1714 that the reign of Anne came to be represented by Oxonians as a golden age for the university; the reality was more variable and confused.
Celebrating Queen Anne and the Union of 1707 in Great Britain's First Georgic
Authors: PELLICER JUAN CHRISTIAN 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe most ambitious poem to celebrate the Union of 1707 was John Philips's georgic Cyder (1708). A climactic passage portrays Queen Anne as a semi‐divine author of the Union. What does Cyder tell us about the way Anne was understood in 1707? A nonjuror supported by Robert Harley's moderate Tories, Philips uses the georgic to propose a model of political cooperation and experimental pragmatism. He also celebrates Anne as an antitype of earlier monarchs, specifically Edgar the Pacific and Henry VII, while his invitation to read typologically acknowledges the problems posed to Jacobite sensibilities by the Hanoverian succession.
Preaching for the Queen: Queen Anne and English Sermon Culture, 1702‐1714
Authors: FAROOQ JENNIFER 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRelatively little attention has been paid to Queen Anne's engagement with sermon culture. Court sermons provided an important public forum during her reign. They were delivered by skilled Anglican preachers, and there was considerable public interest in them. Anne regularly attended sermons and took an interest in her preachers. She had clear views about the proper topics for sermons, and she reprimanded preachers who crossed the line. The queen was the most important sponsor for sermons during her reign, ordering the publication of dozens of court sermons. She was the last monarch regularly to sponsor their publication.
Identifying novel interventional strategies for psychiatric disorders: integrating genomics, ‘enviromics’ and gene–environment interactions in valid preclinical models
Authors: McOmish Caitlin E , Burrows Emma L , Hannan Anthony J 
Published: May 2014

Psychiatric disorders affect a substantial proportion of the population worldwide. This high prevalence, combined with the chronicity of the disorders and the major social and economic impacts, creates a significant burden. As a result, an important priority is the development of novel and effective interventional strategies for reducing incidence rates and improving outcomes. This review explores the progress that has been made to date in establishing valid animal models of psychiatric disorders, while beginning to unravel the complex factors that may be contributing to the limitations of current methodological approaches. We propose some approaches for optimizing the validity of animal models and developing effective interventions. We use schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders as examples of disorders for which development of valid preclinical models, and fully effective therapeutics, have proven particularly challenging. However, the conclusions have relevance to various other psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorders. We address the key aspects of construct, face and predictive validity in animal models, incorporating genetic and environmental factors. Our understanding of psychiatric disorders is accelerating exponentially, revealing extraordinary levels of genetic complexity, heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The environmental factors contributing to individual, and multiple, disorders also exhibit breathtaking complexity, requiring systematic analysis to experimentally explore the environmental mediators and modulators which constitute the ‘envirome’ of each psychiatric disorder. Ultimately, genetic and environmental factors need to be integrated via animal models incorporating the spatiotemporal complexity of gene–environment interactions and experience‐dependent plasticity, thus better recapitulating the dynamic nature of brain development, function and dysfunction.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Animal Models in Psychiatry Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐20
The blockade of transient receptor potential ankirin 1 (TRPA1) signalling mediates antidepressant‐ and anxiolytic‐like actions in mice
Authors: de Moura Juliana Cavalcante , Noroes Maíra Macedo , Rachetti Vanessa de Paula Soares , Soares Bruno Lobão , Preti Delia , Nassini Romina , Materazzi Serena , Marone Ilaria Maddalena , Minocci Daiana , Geppetti Pierangelo , Gavioli Elaine Cristina , André Eunice 
Published: May 2014

Background and PurposeTransient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) are involved in many biological processes, including nociception and hyperalgesia. Whereas the involvement of TRPV1 in psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression has been reported, little is known regarding the role of TRPA1 in these conditions.Experimental ApproachWe investigated the role of TRPA1 in mice models of depression [forced swimming test (FST)] and anxiety [elevated plus maze (EPM) test].Key ResultsAdministration of the TRPA1 antagonist (HC030031, 30 nmol in 2 μL, i.c.v.) reduced immobility time in the FST. Similar results were obtained after oral administration of HC030031 (30–300 mg·kg−1). The reduction in immobility time in FST induced by HC030031 (100 mg·kg−1) was completely prevented by pretreatment with TRPA1 agonist, cinnamaldehyde (50 mg·kg−1, p.o.), which per se was inactive. In the EPM test, pretreatment with cinnamaldehyde (50 mg·kg−1, p.o.), which per se did not affect behaviour response, prevented the anxiolytic‐like effect (increased open arm exploration) evoked by TRPA1 blockade (HC030031, 100 mg·kg−1, p.o.). Treatment with either cinnamaldehyde or HC030031 did not affect spontaneous ambulation. Furthermore, TRPA1‐deficient mice showed anxiolytic‐ and antidepressant‐like phenotypes in the FST and EPM test respectively.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe present findings indicate that genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 produces inhibitory activity in mouse models of anxiety and depression. These results imply that TRPA1 exerts tonic control, promoting anxiety and depression, and that TRPA1 antagonism has potential as an innovative strategy for the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders.
N‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐methylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine (F2MPA): A Potential Cognitive Enhancer with MAO Inhibitor Properties
Authors: Di Giovanni Giuseppe , García Isela , Colangeli Roberto , Pierucci Massimo , Rivadulla Marcos L. , Soriano Elena , Chioua Mourad , Della Corte Laura , Yáñez Matilde , De Deurwaerdère Philippe , Fall Yagamare , Marco‐Contelles José 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundA considerable body of human and animal experimental evidence links monoaminergic systems and cognition. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), being able to enhance monoaminergic transmission and having neuroprotective properties, might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias.MethodsThe MAO‐A and MAO‐B inhibition profile of N‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐prop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine derivates (compounds 1–3) were evaluated by fluorimetric method and their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties estimated. The effects of the selected compound 1, N‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐methylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐amine (F2MPA), were evaluated on the basic synaptic transmission, long‐term potentiation (LTP), and excitability in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of anesthetized rats.ResultsF2MPA is a partially reversible inhibitor of hMAO‐B, with moderate to good ADMET properties and drug‐likeness. Intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg/kg F2MPA greatly enhanced basic synaptic transmission, induced LTP, and potentiated electrically induced LTP in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, F2MPA did not modify seizure threshold of pilocarpine‐induced convulsion in CD1 mice.ConclusionOur findings suggest that, the MAO‐B inhibitor, F2MPA improves DG synaptic transmission without triggering pathological hyperexcitability. Therefore, F2MPA shows promise as a potential cognition‐enhancing therapeutic drug.
785. SALVIA DOMBEYI
Authors: Wood John R. I. 
Published: May 2014

SummarySalvia dombeyi Epl. is described and illustrated. Biographical information is provided about the adventurous life of Joseph Dombey after which this species is named. It is remarkable for having the largest corolla of any Salvia and is mysterious for being unknown in the wild. It has uses in traditional medicine as well as potential in the treatment of a variety of ailments. Unverifiable myths associate it with religious uses in areas formerly ruled by the Incas.
Soft Law in the European Union—The Changing Nature of EU Law
Authors: Terpan Fabien 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article is based on the assumption that there is a continuum running from non‐legal positions to legally binding and judicially controlled commitments with, in between these two opposite types of norms, commitments that can be described as soft law. It aims at defining soft law in international relations in order to provide a mapping of EU law on the basis of the soft law/hard law divide. It helps categorise EU competences and public policies, and sees how they fit with the distinction between two kinds of processes: legalisation (transformation of non‐legal norms into soft or hard law) and delegalisation (transformation of hard law norms into soft law and evolution from hard to soft law).
Red calcite: an indicator of paleo‐karst systems associated with bauxitic unconformities
Authors: Győri O. , Orbán R. , Mindszenty A. , Fodor L. , Poros Zs. , Erőss A. , Benkó Zs. , Molnár F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA unique red calcite generation, which fills fractures/cavities, is hosted by Mesozoic carbonates in the Transdanubian Range, Hungary. Solid inclusions are located along growth zones of calcite. Hematite, the most abundant solid inclusion, gives the red colour of it. Outcrop‐scale geometry, mineralogical features and detrital mineral assemblage (hematite, gibbsite, goethite, kaolinite, smectite, illite, Cr‐spinel, monazite, xenotime, zircon, apatite and Ti‐oxide) of calcite precipitates suggest strong correlation between the calcite and nearby karst bauxite deposits. Fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry (T < 50°C; salinity from 0 to 0.17 NaCl eq. w%) of primary fluid inclusions, and the stable isotope trend of the calcite, following the meteoric water line, clearly indicate vadose and phreatic meteoric origin in a near‐surface karst system. The late Cretaceous to mid‐Eocene unconformity‐related cavity‐filling deposits occur close to the surface; indicating that the most recent Quaternary exhumation re‐exposed those surfaces that existed at the time of calcite mineralization. Thus, red calcite precipitates are interpreted as being speleothems, vestiges of the subterranean part of the pre‐Middle Eocene karst. The infiltrated, fine bauxite particles enclosed by the calcite are the witnesses of the once areally extensive pre‐Middle Eocene bauxitic blanket that became partially eroded by the time of the deposition of the cover beds. Red calcite when found in core samples may provide good evidence on bauxite formation associated with the overlying unconformity, even if it was later removed by erosion. Therefore, presence or absence of red calcite may be used as distinguishing criteria between karst episodes with or without bauxite formation.