bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the Sur1-Trpm4 Channel Reduces Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Tosun Cigdem , Kurland David B. , Mehta Rupal , Castellani Rudy J. , deJong Joyce L. , Kwon Min Seong , Woo Seung Kyoon , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J. Marc 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can leave patients with memory impairments that may not recover fully. Molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, and no treatment is available. The sulfonylurea receptor 1–transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (Sur1-Trpm4) channel plays an important role in acute central nervous system injury. We evaluated upregulation of Sur1-Trpm4 in humans with SAH and, in rat models of SAH, we examined Sur1-Trpm4 upregulation, its role in barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation, and its consequences on spatial learning.

Methods—
We used Förster resonance energy transfer to detect coassociated Sur1 and Trpm4 in human autopsy brains with SAH. We studied rat models of SAH involving filament puncture of the internal carotid artery or injection of blood into the subarachnoid space of the entorhinal cortex. In rats, we used Förster resonance energy transfer and coimmunoprecipitation to detect coassociated Sur1 and Trpm4, we measured immunoglobulin G extravasation and tumor necrosis α overexpression as measures of barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation, and we assessed spatial learning and memory on days 7 to 19.

Results—
Sur1-Trpm4 channels were upregulated in humans and rats with SAH. In rats, inhibiting Sur1 using antisense or the selective Sur1 inhibitor glibenclamide reduced SAH-induced immunoglobulin G extravasation and tumor necrosis α overexpression. In models with entorhinal SAH, rats treated with glibenclamide for 7 days after SAH exhibited better platform search strategies and better performance on incremental and rapid spatial learning than vehicle-treated controls.

Conclusions—
Sur1-Trpm4 channels are upregulated in humans and rats with SAH. Channel inhibition with glibenclamide may reduce neuroinflammation and the severity of cognitive deficits after SAH.
Integrating the Behavioral and Neural Dynamics of Response Selection in a Dual-task Paradigm: A Dynamic Neural Field Model of Dux et al. ()
Authors: Buss Aaron T. , Wifall Tim , Hazeltine Eliot , Spencer John P. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
People are typically slower when executing two tasks than when only performing a single task. These dual-task costs are initially robust but are reduced with practice. Dux et al. (2009) explored the neural basis of dual-task costs and learning using fMRI. Inferior frontal junction (IFJ) showed a larger hemodynamic response on dual-task trials compared with single-task trial early in learning. As dual-task costs were eliminated, dual-task hemodynamics in IFJ reduced to single-task levels. Dux and colleagues concluded that the reduction of dual-task costs is accomplished through increased efficiency of information processing in IFJ. We present a dynamic field theory of response selection that addresses two questions regarding these results. First, what mechanism leads to the reduction of dual-task costs and associated changes in hemodynamics? We show that a simple Hebbian learning mechanism is able to capture the quantitative details of learning at both the behavioral and neural levels. Second, is efficiency isolated to cognitive control areas such as IFJ, or is it also evident in sensory motor areas? To investigate this, we restrict Hebbian learning to different parts of the neural model. None of the restricted learning models showed the same reductions in dual-task costs as the unrestricted learning model, suggesting that efficiency is distributed across cognitive control and sensory motor processing systems.
An Alternative Index for the Contribution of Precipitation on Very Wet Days to the Total Precipitation
Authors: Leander R. , Buishand T. A. , Tank A. M. G. Klein 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDaily precipitation series from more than 1800 stations across Europe are analyzed for the fraction of the total precipitation due to very wet days: that is, days with precipitation amounts exceeding the 95th percentile. This fraction is calculated on a seasonal (3-monthly) basis for the period 1961–2010. A new index S95pTOT is introduced as an alternative to the frequently used index R95pTOT. Contrary to R95pTOT, which uses a fixed climatological 95th percentile, the new index assumes a separate 95th percentile for each year. Based on a Weibull distribution fit to the wet-day precipitation amounts, an analytical expression for S95pTOT is derived. It is shown that R95pTOT is strongly influenced by changes in the mean wet-day precipitation, whereas S95pTOT is more representative of changes in the distributional shape. The results for S95pTOT do not support the conclusion for a disproportional increase of extreme precipitation over northern Europe as was concluded from the trend in R95pTOT in earlier studies. Also, the contrast between trends in northern and southern Europe in winter is less pronounced for S95pTOT than for R95pTOT.
Left atrial size quantification using non-contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography – association with cardiovascular risk factors and gender-specific distribution in the general population: the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study
Authors: Mahabadi Amir A , Lehmann Nils , Sonneck Nina C , Kälsch Hagen , Bauer Marcus , Kara Kaffer , Geisel Marie H , Moebus Susanne , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Erbel Raimund , Möhlenkamp Stefan 
Published: October 2013

Background Left atrial (LA) size is associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Once cardiac computed tomography (CT) is performed, information on LA size is readily available without additional contrast media or radiation exposure. Purpose To determine the association of CT-derived LA area and body surface area-adjusted (BSA) LA index with cardiovascular risk factors and describe age- and gender-specific normative values in a general population cohort. Material and Methods This study included 3945 participants (mean age, 59 ± 8 years; 53% women) from the community-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. LA area in an axial image at the level of the mitral valve was quantified from non-contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT by manual delineations of the boundaries of the LA with exclusion of subjects with prevalent cardiovascular disease. Definition of normative values was performed in subjects without predictors of LA enlargement. Results LA quantification was feasible in all subjects. Men had larger LA size (1856 mm2 vs. 1677 mm2, P < 0.0001), while after adjustment for BSA, this effect was inverted (910 mm2/m2 vs. 933 mm2/m2 for men and women, P < 0.0001). Determinants of body size were major predictors of LA size (body mass index [BMI]: R2 = 0.195, BSA: R2 = 0.216, both P < 0.0001). Blood pressure was associated with LA size (parameter-estimate [95% confidence interval] = 51.0 (4.9–57.1) mm2/10 mmHg for systolic, 31.4 (25.4–37.4) mm2/5 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure, 214.6 (186.9–242.3) mm2 for antihypertensive medication, P < 0.0001 for all). Cholesterol levels, lipid-lowering therapy, and diabetes were associated with LA in univariable analysis, however, correlations were low (r2 ≤ 0.026). Current smoking was associated with reduced LA size (–115.9 [–149.0 – –82.8] mm2, P < 0.0001). In multivariable regression, BMI, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and smoking remained associated with LA size ( P < 0.005). Conclusion Non-contrast-enhanced cardiac CT enables LA quantification with body size, hypertension, and smoking status being predictors of LA size.
Are Root Avulsions of the Lateral Meniscus Associated With Extrusion at the Time of Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury?
Authors: Pula David A. , Femia Ronald E. , Marzo John M. , Bisson Leslie J. 
Published: October 2013

Background: Lateral meniscal avulsions left in situ at the time of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction do well subjectively. Limited published results measure meniscal extrusion of the lateral compartment in this setting. Purpose: To determine whether an avulsion of the posterior root of the lateral meniscus is associated with meniscal extrusion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design: Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A prospective database of surgically treated ACL tears from 2007 to 2012 was reviewed. Isolated ACL tears without a concomitant injury were identified along with ACL tears in combination with lateral meniscal tears of the posterior root (PRLMTs). Thirty-five patients had ACL tears and PRLMTs verified arthroscopically, of which 23 patients had preoperative MRI scans available for review. From the same database, 25 isolated ACL tears with no meniscal injury were randomly chosen for comparison. Plain radiographs were reviewed for degenerative joint disease using the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. A board-certified radiologist blinded to arthroscopic findings reviewed each MRI scan using midcoronal sections to measure extrusion of the lateral meniscus. The average extrusion was calculated for each group and compared using a Student t test. Results: In the 48 patients reviewed, 1 patient was excluded because of a complex lateral meniscal tear that could not be measured on MRI. The remaining 47 consisted of 22 with root tears and 25 with intact menisci. None of these patients were noted to have degenerative joint disease greater than Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1. All of the patients with PRLMTs were noted to have intact meniscofemoral ligaments at the time of arthroscopic surgery. In the patients with ACL tears and PRLMTs, the average extrusion was 0.8 mm, and in the ACL tear group with an intact meniscus, the average extrusion measured 0.5 mm. No significant difference in the amount of extrusion was observed ( P = .22). Conclusion: At the time of acute ACL injuries, PRLMTs do not appear to result in meniscal extrusion on MRI.
Evaluating the Labour Government’s English NHS health system reforms: the 2008 Darzi reforms
Authors: Mays Nicholas 
Published: October 2013

Starting in 2002, the UK Labour Government of 1997–2010 introduced a series of changes to the National Health Service (NHS) in England designed to increase patients’ choices of the place of elective hospital care and encourage competition among public and private providers of elective hospital services for NHS-funded patients. In 2006, the Department of Health initiated the Health Reform Evaluation Programme (HREP) to assess the impact of the changes. In June 2008, the White Paper, High quality care for all, was published. It represented the government’s desire to focus the next phase of health care system reform in England as much on the quality of care as on improving its responsiveness and efficiency. The 2008 White Paper led to the commissioning of a further wave of evaluative research under the auspices of HREP, as follows: an evaluation of the implementation and outcomes of care planning for people with long-term conditions; an evaluation of the personal health budget pilots; an evaluation of the implementation and outcomes of the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) framework; and an evaluation of cultural and behavioural change in the NHS focused on ensuring high quality care for all. This Supplement includes papers from each project. The evaluations present a mixed picture of the impact and success of the 2008 reforms. All the studies identify some limitations of the policies in the White Paper. The introduction of personal health budgets appears to have been the least problematic and, depending on assumptions, likely to be cost-effective for the sorts of patients involved in the pilot. For the rest of the changes, impacts ranged from little or none (CQUIN and care planning for people with chronic conditions) to patchy and highly variable (instilling a culture of quality in acute hospitals) in the three years following the publication of the White Paper. On the other hand, each of the studies identifies important insights relevant to modifying and improving the policies. These findings have continuing relevance since both the 2008 White Paper’s policies, and the issues they were focused on remedying, remain central to the current Coalition Government’s reform agenda.
Predicting native papilla biliary cannulation success using a multinational Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Quality Network
Authors: Peng Chunyan , Nietert Paul J , Cotton Peter B , Lackland Daniel T , Romagnuolo Joseph 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Success in deep biliary cannulation via native ampullae of Vater is an accepted measure of competence in ERCP training and practice, yet prior studies focused on predicting adverse events alone, rather than success. Our aim is to determine factors associated with deep biliary cannulation success, with/ without precut sphincterotomy.

Methods
The ERCP Quality Network is a unique prospective database of over 10,000 procedures by over 80 endoscopists over several countries. After data cleaning, and eliminating previously stented or cut papillae, two multilevel fixed effect multivariate models were used to control for clustering within physicians, to predict biliary cannulation success, with and without allowing “precut” to assist an initially failed cannulation.

Results
13018 ERCPs were performed by 85 endoscopists (March 2007 - May 2011). Conventional (without precut) and overall cannulation rates were 89.8% and 95.6%, respectively. Precut was performed in 876 (6.7%). Conventional success was more likely in outpatients (OR 1.21), but less likely in complex contexts (OR 0.59), sicker patients (ASA grade (II, III/V: OR 0.81, 0.77)), teaching cases (OR 0.53), and certain indications (strictures, active pancreatitis). Overall cannulation success (some precut-assisted) was more likely with higher volume endoscopists (> 239/year: OR 2.79), more efficient fluoroscopy practices (OR 1.72), and lower with moderate (versus deeper) sedation (OR 0.67).

Conclusion
Biliary cannulation success appears influenced by both patient and practitioner factors. Patient- and case-specific factors have greater impact on conventional (precut-free) cannulation success, but volume influences ultimate success; both may be used to select appropriate cases and can help guide credentialing policies.
Intracranial hypertension presenting with severe visual failure, without concurrent headache, in a child with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Barnett Madeleine , Sinha Manish D , Morrison Danny , Lim Ming 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a condition typically characterised by headache, normal level of consciousness, papilloedema and raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Children often present with visual loss and atypical features of raised pressure, posing a diagnostic and management challenge. A range of renal disorders can predispose to developing this raised intracranial pressure syndrome. We present a case of severe visual failure in a child with nephrotic syndrome, with no headache when elevated pressure was proven. In nephrotic syndrome, visual failure related to elevated intracranial pressures without concurrent headache symptoms has not been reported previously.

Case presentation
We discuss a 5-year-old Caucasian girl with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome who went on to become a late non-responder and presented with intracranial hypertension. Following initial response to steroids, she had a relapse of her nephrotic syndrome; her proteinuria did not resolve on steroid treatment, requiring addition of cyclosporine therapy to manage her nephrotic syndrome. Three months following this, she presented with visual failure in the right eye with bilateral central scotoma and papilloedema. At the time of presentation of visual impairment, she was otherwise well, with no symptoms of a raised intracranial pressure syndrome or associated systemic illness. Medical management was initiated following confirmation of a raised intracranial pressure. Her intracranial pressure remained elevated requiring serial therapeutic lumbar punctures before some improvement in visual acuity was observed. Later in the clinical course, she presented with worsening of her visual impairment with further deterioration of the vision in the left eye, again associated with elevated intracranial pressure. An urgent surgical cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedure was performed. At review, three years after presentation our patient has severe visual impairment with no perception of light in her right eye and 6/36 Snellen acuity in the left secondary to optic atrophy.

Conclusion
Our case demonstrates the occurrence of intracranial hypertension in nephrotic syndrome, highlighting the atypical presentation of severe visual failure without concurrent headache at presentation. This demonstrates the management complexities and the need for clear guidelines for ophthalmological surveillance to aim to reduce permanent visual impairment.
Immunological and clinical consequences of splenectomy in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with natalizumab
Authors: Lee De-Hyung , Waschbisch Anne , Lämmer Alexandra B , Doerfler Arnd , Schwab Stefan , Linker Ralf A 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objective
Here we report a case of a splenectomized white woman with natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), occurring as early as after 11 infusions and provide blood fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses before and after natalizumab treatment.

Design
This is a report of a single case with immunological studies.

Methods
Methods comprised neurologic examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies as well as immune cell FACS analyses from blood.

Results
Diagnosis of PML was established after positive John Cunningham virus (JCV) DNA was detected in the CSF. An immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was treated with repeated cycles of steroid pulses and intravenous immunoglobulins. Reduced numbers of memory B cells, which might play an important role in antiviral immune response, were detected in the blood. Moreover the percentage of CD19+ B cells was elevated in our post-splenectomy patient as compared to a control cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients under natalizumab therapy.

Conclusion
Splenectomy may increase the risk for the development of natalizumab-associated PML via effects on the B cell compartment. It may be regarded as a risk factor in MS patients independent from the duration of disease.
Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of seven ginsenosides and three aconitumalkaloids in Shen-Fu decoction
Authors: Guo Na , Liu Mingtao , Yang Dawei , Huang Ying , Niu Xiaohong , Wu Ruifan , Liu Ying , Ma Guizhi , Dou Deqiang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Shen-Fu decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription with a 3:2 ratio of Radix Ginseng and Fuzi (

Radix Aconiti lateralis praeparata

). Ginsenosides and alkaloids are considered to be the main active components of Shen-Fu decoction. However, no analytical methods have been used to quantitatively analyse both components in Shen-Fu decoction simultaneously.

Results
We successfully developed a rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of seven ginsenosides and three aconitum alkaloids in Shen-Fu decoction, the decoction of Radix ginseng and Fuzi (

Radix Aconiti lateralis praeparata

). Chromatogrpahic separation by RPLC was achieved using a reversed-phase column and a water/acetonitrile mobile phase, containing 0.05% formic acid and using a gradient system. The method was optimized to allow for simultaneous analysis of all analytes in 11minutes without the need for baseline resolution of the components. Furthermore, the separation demonstrated good linearity (r > 0.9882), repeatability (RSD < 7.01%), intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD < 5.06%) and high yields of recovery (91.13-111.97%) for ten major constituents, namely ginsenoside-Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, Rf, aconitine, hypacoitine and mesaconitine.

Conclusions
The developed method could be used as a rapid and reliable approach for assessment of the quantity of the major constituents in Shen-Fu decoction.
Mapping out the structural changes of natural and pretreated plant cell wall surfaces by atomic force microscopy single molecular recognition imaging
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Chen Guojun , Kumar Rajeev , Xu Bingqian 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (mainly plant cell walls) is a critical process for biofuel production. This process is greatly hindered by the natural complexity of plant cell walls and limited accessibility of surface cellulose by enzymes. Little is known about the plant cell wall structural and molecular level component changes after pretreatments, especially on the outer surface. Therefore, a more profound understanding of surface cellulose distributions before and after pretreatments at single-molecule level is in great need. In this study, we determined the structural changes, specifically on crystalline cellulose, of natural, dilute sulfuric acid pretreated and delignified cell wall surfaces of poplar, switchgrass, and corn stover using single molecular atomic force microscopy (AFM) recognition imaging.

Results
The AFM tip was first functionalized by a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3a) (Clostridium thermocellum Scaffoldin) which specifically recognizes crystalline cellulose by selectively binding to it. The surface structural changes were studied at single molecule level based on the recognition area percentage (RAP) of exposed crystalline cellulose over the imaged cell wall surface. Our results show that the cell wall surface crystalline cellulose coverage increased from 17-20% to 18-40% after dilute acid pretreatment at 135°C under different acid concentrations and reached to 40-70% after delignification. Pretreated with 0.5% sulfuric acid, the crystalline cellulose surface distributions of 23% on poplar, 28% on switchgrass and, 38% on corn stover were determined as an optimized result. Corn stover cell walls also show less recalcitrance due to more effective pretreatments and delignification compared to poplar and switchgrass.

Conclusions
The dilute acid pretreatment can effectively increase the cellulose accessibility on plant cell wall surfaces. The optimal acid concentration was determined to be 0.5% acid at 135°C, especially for corn stover. This study provides a better understanding of surface structural changes after pretreatment such as lignin relocation, re-precipitation, and crystalline cellulose distribution, and can lead to potential improvements of biomass pretreatment.