bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of singular modes associated with over-reflection and related phenomena
Authors: Maslowe S. A. , Spiteri R. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper describes an investigation of the linear, diffusive critical layer for shear flows whose inviscid neutral modes have an algebraic branch point. As examples of flows exhibiting such singular behaviour, we treat both stratified shear flows and non-axisymmetric modes on vortices. For the stratified case, the coupled vorticity and energy equations are solved numerically. In this way, the density perturbation, which is unbounded in the absence of diffusion, is determined directly. As an example featuring a vortex, we consider helical modes on a modified Lamb–Oseen vortex whose velocity profile is perturbed in such a way that linear instability is possible. Both the axial and azimuthal velocity perturbations in the critical layer are determined. A characteristic shared by all the above problems is that they involve eigenfunctions that are oscillatory in some region. For forced waves in a stably stratified shear flow, we consider a larger range of parameters than previous investigators. We also examine some experiments and find that the Reynolds stress is sensitive to the actual density profile in the region between a wavy wall providing the forcing and the critical layer. For the stratified shear flows without forcing, much smaller Richardson numbers are involved and the modes considered are over-reflecting. For an unbounded $\tanh y$ mixing layer, we show that the Reynolds stress for a neutral mode must jump across the critical layer. With the presence of a horizontal boundary beneath the shear layer, on the other hand, over-reflection can occur, with the Reynolds stress vanishing on either side of the critical layer. In all cases, the variation of the Reynolds stress across the critical layer is determined.
Universal mechanism for saturation of vorticity growth in fully developed fluid turbulence
Authors: Thantanapally Chakradhar , Patil Dhiraj V. , Succi Sauro , Ansumali Santosh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNumerical results from large-scale, long-time, simulations of decaying homogeneous turbulence are reported, which indicate that blow-up of inviscid flows is tamed by the emergence of collective dynamics of coherent structures. The simulations also suggest that this collective dynamics might lead to universal behaviour during the transient evolution of turbulence. In particular, simulations with three different initial conditions show evidence of a${k}^{- 3} \log k$spectrum in the transient stage, before the Kolmogorov${k}^{- 5/ 3} $asymptotic regime is attained. Such a universal transient might serve as a spectral funnel to the time-asymptotic Kolmogorov spectrum, which is invariably observed in the late stage of all three simulations presented in this work. The present work is entirely based on simulation evidence. However, the statistical analysis of the coherent structures suggests an analogy with population dynamics, which might be conducive to new mathematical models of transient decaying turbulence.
‘INTO THE BREACH’: OLIVER KNUSSEN IN HIS TIME
Authors: Whittall Arnold 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn 2002 Elliott Carter marked Oliver Knussen's fiftieth birthday with a short piece –Au Quai– for viola and bassoon, accompanied by the following comments: ‘As modernism seemed headed for shipwreck, Olly Knussen, treasuring the wonderful works that that movement produced and still does, stepped into the breach and … not only brought these works to a vivid enthusiastic life which has long been concealed, but also added significant works of his own’. Knussen's time has clearly been Carter's time too. Yet placing aspects of Knussen's compositional thinking into an American context can highlight the kind of distinctive qualities that, while leading less sympathetic British critics to write of an ‘aesthetic of avoidance’, might be more usefully interpreted as an intensely personal response to European as well as American modernism in all their various phases.
CYCLIC COHERENCE IN SCHOENBERG'S EARLY WALTZES FOR STRING ORCHESTRA
Authors: Guberman Daniel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn 1897 Schoenberg composed an apparently unfinished set of waltzes, which thus far has been dismissed as juvenilia. In this article I explore how the waltzes reflect many aspects of Schoenberg's mature thought about large-scale tonality, focusing on two interrelated concepts, the tonal problem and monotonality. Examination of the waltzes through Schoenberg's own analytical methods reveals a series of closely interrelated pieces that follow a carefully planned progression through key areas making use of frequent intertextual references between waltzes. After demonstrating the connexions and progression of the waltzes, I propose that the set is not in fact incomplete, but that the tenth waltz offers a functional conclusion to the set as a whole.
London, Cadogan Hall and King's Place: Second London Festival of Bulgarian Culture
Authors: Anderson Martin 
Published: July 2013

One of the most enjoyable characteristics of London musical life is that it is peopled by a generous number of foreigners who, every so often, take it upon themselves to enlighten the rest of us as to the music we are missing from back home. These can, of course, be hit-and-miss occasions, but it's in the nature of exploring unknown music of any age that you will happily put up with a handful of duds if you come away with a real discovery ringing in your ears. The Second London Festival of Bulgarian Culture (I seem to have missed the First) ran in various venues over the course of November 2012 and also accommodated art, film, literature, theatre and other forms of music (folk, pop and jazz). It opened its classical batting with a concert of ‘Bulgarian and British Symphonic Folk Songs’ in Cadogan Hall on 3 November, with the Varna Symphony Orchestra, Paulina Voices (the choir of St Paul's Girls' School) and the Holst Choir (from James Allen's Girls' School) conducted by Martin Georgiev. Pancho Vladigerov (1899–1978) being the only Bulgarian composer generally known to the outside world, it made sense to begin with him. His Shumen Miniatures, six attractive piano pieces based on folk-tunes from the town, Shumen, where Vladigerov grew up, were written in 1934 and orchestrated at some later date vouchsafed neither by the concert-programme nor the worklist at www.vladigerov.org. They embrace a variety of lighter moods: the first and fourth pieces offer lazy and lyrical summer-evening hazes and the second and third vigorous dances; the proximity of the fifth to the style of Enescu brought a reminder of the long common border Bulgaria shares with Romania (Shumen is around 100 km away from it).
Breathlessness in cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:
Using a qualitative approach to describe the experience of patients and
carers
Authors: BOOTH, SARA , SILVESTER, STELLA , TODD CHRISTOPHER 
Published: July 2013

Objective: To investigate and document the effects of
breathlessness on the everyday lives of patients with cancer
and COPD and their carers. This subject has been little researched,
although dyspnoea is recognized as a disabling, distressing symptom.
The number of breathless people is increasing as patients with all
types of cardio-respiratory disease live longer.Methods: Patients with severe COPD and cancer and their
carers were interviewed at home using a semistructured format to record
their perceptions of the impact of breathlessness, the help they had
received from medical and caring services, and their ideas on how these
could be improved.Results: 10 patients with COPD (6 male) and 10 with cancer
(6 male) and their spouses were interviewed. All patients found
breathlessness frightening, disabling, and restricting. Patients
developed a stoical, philosophical approach in order to live with
dyspnoea and the difficulties it imposed: this was also an important
way of reducing the emotional impact of breathlessness. Patients'
spouses suffered significantly, experiencing severe anxiety and
helplessness as they witnessed their partners' suffering and felt
powerless to reduce it. The restrictions imposed by breathlessness
affected their lives profoundly. Support of all kinds, practical,
medical, and psychosocial was highly valued but was provided
inconsistently and sporadically. Where help was given it came most
frequently from general practitioners (GPs, family physicians) and
specialist respiratory nurses.Significance of results: This study is the first to document
the psychosocial needs of carers, which are not adequately recognized
or addressed at present. Patients and carers may feel most isolated and
need support outside the working hours of most services and future
provision needs to reflect this. Patients with cancer experience a more
rapid onset of breathlessness. More clinicians need to be educated in
the management of chronic breathlessness so known helpful strategies
are more widely employed.
Topological Quantum Phase Transition in Synthetic Non-Abelian Gauge Potential: Gauge Invariance and Experimental Detections
Authors: Sun Fadi , Yu Xiao-Lu , Ye Jinwu , Fan Heng , Liu Wu-Ming 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe method of synthetic gauge potentials opens up a new avenue for our understanding and discovering novel quantum states of matter. We investigate the topological quantum phase transition of Fermi gases trapped in a honeycomb lattice in the presence of a synthetic non-Abelian gauge potential. We develop a systematic fermionic effective field theory to describe a topological quantum phase transition tuned by the non-Abelian gauge potential and explore its various important experimental consequences. Numerical calculations on lattice scales are performed to compare with the results achieved by the fermionic effective field theory. Several possible experimental detection methods of topological quantum phase transition are proposed. In contrast to condensed matter experiments where only gauge invariant quantities can be measured, both gauge invariant and non-gauge invariant quantities can be measured by experimentally generating various non-Abelian gauges corresponding to the same set of Wilson loops.
Dedicated Spine Trauma Clinical Quality Registries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tee Jin W. , Chan Patrick C. H. , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V. , Gruen Russell L. 
Published: July 2013

Study Design Systematic review. Objective We assessed the current state of spine registries by collecting spine trauma data and assessing their compliance to defined registry standards of being clinical quality. We ascertained if these registries collected spinal cord injury data alone or with spine column trauma data. Methods A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE and Embase databases for articles describing dedicated spinal cord and spine column databases published between January 1990 and April 2011. Correspondence with these registries was performed via e-mail or post. When no correspondence was possible, the registries were analyzed with best information available. Results Three hundred eight full-text articles were reviewed. Of 41 registries identified, 20 registries fulfilled the criteria of being clinical quality. The main reason for failure to attain clinical quality designation was due to the unavailability of patient outcomes. Eight registries collected both spine column and spinal cord injury data with 33 collecting only traumatic spinal cord injury data. Conclusion There is currently a paucity of clinical quality spine trauma registries. Clinical quality registries are important tools for demonstrating trends and outcomes, monitoring care quality, and resolving controversies in the management of spine trauma. An international spine trauma data set (containing both spinal cord and spine column injury data) and standardized approach to recording and analysis are needed to allow international multicenter collaboration and benchmarking.
Detection of Mixed Populations ofClostridium difficilefrom Symptomatic Patients Using Capillary-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction Ribotyping
Authors: Behroozian Adam A. , Chludzinski Jeffrey P. , Lo Eugene S. , Ewing Sarah A. , Waslawski Sheila , Newton Duane W. , Young Vincent B. , Aronoff David M. , Walk Seth T. 
Published: July 2013

Objective.To investigate the simultaneous occurrence of more than 1Clostridium difficileribotype in patients' stool samples at the time of diagnostic testing.Methods.Stool samples submitted for diagnostic testing for the presence of toxigenicC. difficilewere obtained for 102 unique patients. A total of 95 single colonies ofC. difficileper stool sample were isolated on selective media, subcultured alongside negative (uninoculated) controls, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyped using capillary gel electrophoresis.Results.Capillary-based PCR ribotyping was successful for 9,335C. difficileisolates, yielding a median of 93 characterized isolates per stool sample (range, 69-95). More than 1 C.difficileribotype was present in 16 of 102 (16%)C. difficileinfection (CDI) cases; 2 of the 16 mixtures were composed of at least 3 ribotypes, while the remaining 14 were composed of at least 2.Conclusions.Deep sampling of patient stool samples coupled with capillary-based PCR ribotyping identified a high rate of mixed CDI cases compared with previous estimates. Studies seeking to quantify the clinical significance of particular C.difficileribotypes should account for mixed cases of disease.
Phosphorylated silica nanotubes: preparation and characterization
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Xu Yan , Lu Yiren , Zhao Lili , Song Lixin 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Recently, the strategy of doping inorganic particles into polymer membranes to modify them has been studied intensively. However, these inorganic particles have a disadvantage without being in good compatibility with the polymers. To enhance the compatibility between inorganic particles and polymers, phosphorylated silica nanotubes (PSNTs) with specific high ratios of length to diameter are prepared. Silica nanotubes (SNTs) are prepared through the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate in a mixture of aqueous ammonia and dl-tartaric acid, then PSNTs are obtained by silylation and phosphorylation modifications. The optimum synthesis conditions of PSNTs are explored; in addition, the as-prepared PSNTs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscope, BET, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the ratio of length to diameter of the PSNTs is approximately 20, the thickness of the tube wall is 20 nm, the specific surface area of the PSNTs is 460.2 m2 g−1, the inner diameter of the PSNTs is 76 nm, many mesopores are distributed in the tube walls of the PSNTs, and the PSNTs have numerous hydroxyl active sites along their length direction. Therefore, PSNTs are desirable as suitable fillers of polymer membranes.
Inference of alternative splicing from RNA-Seq data with probabilistic splice graphs
Authors: LeGault Laura H. , Dewey Colin N. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Alternative splicing and other processes that allow for different transcripts to be derived from the same gene are significant forces in the eukaryotic cell. RNA-Seq is a promising technology for analyzing alternative transcripts, as it does not require prior knowledge of transcript structures or genome sequences. However, analysis of RNA-Seq data in the presence of genes with large numbers of alternative transcripts is currently challenging due to efficiency, identifiability and representation issues.
Results: We present RNA-Seq models and associated inference algorithms based on the concept of probabilistic splice graphs, which alleviate these issues. We prove that our models are often identifiable and demonstrate that our inference methods for quantification and differential processing detection are efficient and accurate.
Availability: Software implementing our methods is available at http://deweylab.biostat.wisc.edu/psginfer.
Contact: cdewey@biostat.wisc.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
CoDNaS: a database of conformational diversity in the native state of proteins
Authors: Monzon Alexander Miguel , Juritz Ezequiel , Fornasari María Silvina , Parisi Gustavo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Conformational diversity is a key concept in the understanding of different issues related with protein function such as the study of catalytic processes in enzymes, protein-protein recognition, protein evolution and the origins of new biological functions. Here, we present a database of proteins with different degrees of conformational diversity. Conformational Diversity of Native State (CoDNaS) is a redundant collection of three-dimensional structures for the same protein derived from protein data bank. Structures for the same protein obtained under different crystallographic conditions have been associated with snapshots of protein dynamism and consequently could characterize protein conformers. CoDNaS allows the user to explore global and local structural differences among conformers as a function of different parameters such as presence of ligand, post-translational modifications, changes in oligomeric states and differences in pH and temperature. Additionally, CoDNaS contains information about protein taxonomy and function, disorder level and structural classification offering useful information to explore the underlying mechanism of conformational diversity and its close relationship with protein function. Currently, CoDNaS has 122 122 structures integrating 12 684 entries, with an average of 9.63 conformers per protein.
Availability: The database is freely available at http://www.codnas.com.ar/.
Contact: gusparisi@gmail.com
Biomarkers of heart failure with normal ejection fraction: a systematic review
Authors: Cheng Jin M. , Akkerhuis K. Martijn , Battes Linda C. , van Vark Laura C. , Hillege Hans L. , Paulus Walter J. , Boersma Eric , Kardys Isabella 
Published: July 2013

AimsHeart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF) is a major and growing public health problem, currently representing half of the heart failure burden. Although many studies have investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of new biomarkers in heart failure, limited data are available on biomarkers other than natriuretic peptides in HFNEF. We performed a systematic review of epidemiological studies on the associations of biomarkers with the occurrence of HFNEF and with the prognosis of HFNEF patients.Methods and resultsBiomarkers examined most extensively in HFNEF include biomarkers of myocyte stress, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodelling. Some biomarkers have been shown to be increased to a different extent in HFNEF compared with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). Several biomarkers, including biomarkers of myocyte stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodelling, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15), cystatin C, resistin, and galectin‐3, were associated with development of HFNEF and with clinical outcomes of HFNEF patients in terms of morbidity and mortality.ConclusionSeveral biomarkers, including biomarkers of myocyte stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodelling, GDF‐15, cystatin C, resistin, and galectin‐3, appeared to be promising diagnostic and prognostic tools in patients with HFNEF. Investigation of the incremental diagnostic and prognostic value of these biomarkers, or a combination thereof, over established clinical covariates and imaging techniques in large, prospective studies is warranted.
Haemoconcentration, renal function, and post‐discharge outcomes among patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the EVEREST trial
Authors: Greene Stephen J. , Gheorghiade Mihai , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Mentz Robert J. , Subacius Haris , Maggioni Aldo P. , Nodari Savina , Konstam Marvin A. , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos ,   on behalf of the EVEREST Trial investigators
Published: July 2013

AimsHaemoconcentration has been studied as a marker of decongestion in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). We describe the relationship between haemoconcentration, worsening renal function, post‐discharge outcomes, and clinical and laboratory markers of congestion in a large multinational cohort of patients with HHF.Methods and resultsIn 1684 patients with HHF with ejection fraction (EF) ≤40% assigned to the placebo arm of the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study with Tolvaptan (EVEREST) trial, absolute in‐hospital haematocrit change was calculated as the change between baseline and discharge or day 7 (whichever occurred first). Patient characteristics, changes in renal function, and outcomes over a median follow‐up of 9.9 months were compared by in‐hospital haematocrit change. Overall, 26% of patients had evidence of haemoconcentration (i.e. ≥3% absolute increase in haematocrit). Patients with greater increases in haematocrit tended to have better baseline renal function. Haemoconcentration correlated with greater risk of in‐hospital worsening renal function, but renal parameters generally returned to baseline within 4 weeks post‐discharge. Patients with haemoconcentration were less likely to have clinical congestion at discharge, and experienced greater in‐hospital decreases in body weight and natriuretic peptide levels. After adjustment for baseline clinical risk factors, every 5% increase of in‐hospital haematocrit change was associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.95]. Haematocrit change was also associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality or heart failure (HF) hospitalization at ≤100 days post‐randomization (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.71–0.76).ConclusionIn this large cohort of patients with HHF with reduced EF, haemoconcentration was associated with greater improvements in congestion and decreased mortality and HF re‐hospitalization despite an increased risk of in‐hospital worsening renal function.
The Winding Road to Understanding the Neonatal Origins of Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Mezoff Ethan A. , Aly Hany 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBeginning with the observation that birth weight correlates with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the concept of neonatal programming, that the environmental influence on fetal and neonatal development results in modification of the risk profile for adult disease, has begun to emerge as an important component to understanding the origin of chronic diseases of many different organ systems. Until recently, the gastrointestinal system has not been considered. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of many intestinal inflammatory disorders is still incomplete; however, a brief review of what is known reveals several opportunities for the early intraluminal environment to affect the development of the intestinal immune system. Early clinical observations such as the increased risk of celiac disease observed in those born by cesarean section and the protective effect of breast‐feeding against inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease support the role of neonatal programming in the development of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. Additional, more robust clinical studies are needed to confirm this role. Furthermore, examination of the possible mechanisms of immune phenotype modification is necessary.