bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enacting our field
Authors: Ebrahim Alnoor 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis keynote address examines the pedagogical challenges facing the field of nonprofit management in American higher education. It interrogates four binary distinctions that are commonly used in scholarship and teaching about the social sector but that now show signs of eroding: for‐profit versus nonprofit, funder versus grantee, local versus global, and secular versus faith based. Each distinction is examined with the aim of answering two questions: What are the implications for new theorizing about this field? What are the implications for teaching and action? In closing, the article explores innovations in structuring social sector management programs to educate cross‐sector leaders capable of addressing critical societal problems.
Going global: Strategies for study abroad at the School of Public Service, DePaul University, Chicago
Authors: Patrick Murphy J. , Meyer Victor 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe offer rational, practical models and examples of successful strategies for study abroad that are appropriate for master‐level, working adults in nonprofit management programs. The models illustrate how to forge partnerships with nongovernmental organizations, institutions, and individuals to meet curricular goals while developing faculty and students. Aligned with university values of being Vincentian, Catholic, and urban, faculty developed a plan to become “international by design.” Over a dozen years, its study abroad offerings grew to fifteen courses in about ten countries annually, extending more and more to developing countries because of institutional mission, faculty and staff interest, and available means.
‘The chicken or the egg?’ dilemma strikes back for the controlling mechanism in chordoma#
Authors: Szuhai Karoly , Hogendoorn Pancras CW 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChordoma is a rare malignant tumour of bone showing notochordal differentiation with characteristic expression of the transcription factor brachyury (T). Next to giving insight into its differentiation spectrum, the expression of T can be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool. The expression of brachyury in chordoma is necessary to maintain cell proliferation in chordoma cell lines, indicating that in chordoma it might be a master regulator of oncogenesis. Identification and mapping of the full gene regulatory network in a recent work in The Journal of Pathology by Nelson and colleagues not only shed light on involved pathways but also indicated pathways for targeted therapy, including brachyury itself.
Effect of particle size and surface modification on mechanical properties of poly(para‐dioxanone)/inorganic particles
Authors: Bai Yang , Ma Chi , Wang Pingquan , Fan Zhou , Bai Wei , Xiong Chengdong , Tang Congming 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPoly(para‐dioxanone) (PPDO)‐based composites have been prepared by blending PPDO with three different types of CaCO3 particles, CC1 (nano‐CaCO3), CC2 (CaCO3 whisker), and CC3 (silane‐coated CaCO3 whisker). The effects of particles size, interface adhesion, and crystallinity of composites on mechanical properties were discovered through analysis of the morphology of fracture surfaces, thermal characteristics, and crystalline structure. DSC revealed that the CaCO3 particles acted as a nucleating agent and promoted crystallinity of PPDO. The effect of CaCO3 particles on crystallization of PPDO was clearly revealed by using the nucleating efficiency. Smaller size particles exhibit greater nucleating efficiency. Adhesion between PPDO and the CaCO3 particles plays major roles on the mechanical properties of composites. The tensile strength of PPDO was improved over 54%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Polymer mechanochemistry: the design and study of mechanophores
Authors: Brantley Johnathan N , Wiggins Kelly M , Bielawski Christopher W 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe burgeoning field of polymer mechanochemistry has garnered significant interest in recent years. Mechanochemical transformations are those that are promoted by exogenous forces, and polymer mechanochemistry concentrates on the use of polymer chains to translate mechanical forces to chemical systems. Acoustic fields, particularly ultrasound, have proven to be highly efficient progenitors of tensile stresses within macromolecules and are frequently used to facilitate mechanochemical phenomena. Mechanochemical activation often arises when mechanophores, or functional groups that respond to mechanical perturbation in a controlled manner, are appropriately positioned within a polymer chain to experience tensile forces. A variety of interesting transformations have been realized when well‐designed mechanophores have been properly outfitted with polymer chains, including: thermally inaccessible isomerizations and cycloreversions, symmetry‐forbidden electrocyclic ring openings and activation of latent catalysts. Herein, the chemistry of known mechanophores is summarized and augmented with implications for new opportunities in synthesis and materials science. The focus of this mini‐review is limited to mechanophores that have been specifically adapted for polymer mechanochemistry under acoustic activation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Particle Tracking Based Method for Evaluation of Cylinder‐to‐Cylinder Distribution of EGR/Blowby
Authors: Shahabi Peyman Bashi , Niazmand Hamid , Modarres Razavi Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2012

AbstractExhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) method has already shown its benefits on controlling NOx emissions in internal combustion engines. An important issue associated with this method is homogeneous cylinder‐to‐cylinder distribution of the recirculating gas. Any maldistribution leads to power reduction and increase of other pollutants, which are strictly limited by recent emission laws. In addition to EGR, these limitations force the engine manufacturers to recycle blowby gases into the cylinders as homogeneous as possible. Since geometrical parameters and injection locations of EGR/blowby have substantial effects on homogenous cylinder‐to‐cylinder distribution of EGR/blowby gases, any developments in identifying the injecting locations with the least EGR/blowby maldistribution are of great practical importance. The existing experimental and numerical methods for evaluating the EGR/blowby maldistribution are based on the injection of air with different temperature or of different gas (mostly CO2) from the main air stream. However, these methods are time consuming due to the large number of possible injection locations. It has been shown that the most uniform distribution cannot be obtained by just a single injection point; therefore, the study of simultaneous injection points becomes inevitable. Clearly, such a study is practically impossible with the present methods. In this research a new method based on particle tracking is proposed, which greatly reduces the time and effort to find the injection locations with the least maldistribution, especially when multiple injections are considered.
Intimate partner violence, abortion, and unintended pregnancy: Results from the WHO Multi‐country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence
Authors: Pallitto Christina C. , García‐Moreno Claudia , Jansen Henrica A.F.M. , Heise Lori , Ellsberg Mary , Watts Charlotte ,   WHO Multi‐Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with unintended pregnancy and abortion in primarily low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsPopulation data are presented from 17 518 ever‐partnered women participating in the WHO Multi‐country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence in 15 sites in 10 countries. Using multiple logistic regression analyses, associations between physical and/or sexual partner violence and abortion and unintended pregnancy were explored.ResultsWomen with a history of IPV had significantly higher odds of unintended pregnancy in 8 of 14 sites and of abortion in 12 of 15 sites. Pooled estimates showed increased odds of unintended pregnancy (adjusted OR 1.69; 95% CI, 1.53–1.86) and abortion (adjusted OR 2.68; 95% CI, 2.34–3.06), after adjusting for confounding factors. Reducing IPV by 50% could potentially reduce unintended pregnancy by 2%–18% and abortion by 4.5%–40%, according to population‐attributable risk estimates.ConclusionIPV is a consistent and strong risk factor for unintended pregnancy and abortion across a variety of settings. Unintended pregnancy terminated through unsafe abortion can result in death or serious complications. Therefore, reducing IPV can significantly reduce risks to maternal and reproductive health.
The prebiotic effect ofAnoectochilus formosanusand its consequences on bone health
Authors: Yang Li-Chan , Wu Jin-Bin , Lu Ting-Jang , Lin Wen-Chuan 
Published: September 2012

The present study evaluated the prebiotic effect of a standardised aqueous extract ofAnoectochilus formosanus(SAEAF) and its effects on osteoporosis in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. The OVX rats were randomly divided into five groups and orally treated with water, SAEAF (200 and 400 mg/kg daily) and inulin (400 mg/kg daily) for 12 weeks. The sham group was orally treated with water. The SAEAF treatment enhanced the number of faecal bifidobacteria in OVX rats. The results of a Ca-balance experiment showed that SAEAF increased apparent Ca absorption and retention. The OVX rats were killed after SAEAF treatment lasting 12 weeks. The SAEAF decreased the caecal pH values and increased the caecal wall weight, caecal mucosa calbindin-D9k mRNA expression, free-Ca concentration and levels of SCFA in the caecum. The mineral content, density and biomechanical strength of bones were lower in OVX rats than the sham group, but these bone losses were prevented by SAEAF administration. Microtomography scanning showed that the SAEAF-treated rats had higher trabecular bone volume than the OVX rats. These results suggest that SAEAF prevented bone loss associated with ovarian hormone deficiency in the rats.
Xenophon's Anabasis from Character to Narrator
Authors: Grethlein Jonas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractXenophon participated in the March of the Ten Thousand, but in the Anabasis, instead of parading his autopsy, he keeps his narratorial persona separate from his character. This separation, however, is subtly blurred when, on the one hand, the narrator adopts the perspective of the character, who is by far the most prominent focalizing instance in the narrative, and, on the other hand, the character appropriates narratorial functions: Xenophon the character comes to the fore as embedded narrator and commentator of the events. Furthermore, his references to the past can be read as meta-historical, i.e. they shed light on the commemorative act of the Anabasis. While the choice of a hetero-diegetic narrator helps Xenophon to enhance the credibility of the account of his deeds, the intricate entanglement of narrator and character contributes to the characterization of himself as the privileged agent in the March of the Ten Thousand.
Archilochus the ‘Anti-Hero’? Heroism, Flight and Values in Homer and the New Archilochus Fragment (P.Oxy LXIX 4708)
Authors: Swift L.A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article investigates how flight in battle is presented in the newly discovered Archilochus fragment (P.Oxy LXIX 4708) and compares it to the Homeric treatment of the issue. It argues that the traditional dichotomy between scholars who see Archilochus as ‘subverting’ epic values and those who see him as continuous with them is too simplistic, and that the new poem provides clear evidence of a more nuanced approach to epic material. The fragment's approach reflects many of the subtleties found in Homeric attitudes to flight, and in this respect we see Archilochus using the cultural authority of epic to add weight to his argument. Nevertheless, the choice of the Telephus myth, which tells the story of a mistaken conflict, is an ironic one, and the narrative foregrounds the ways in which the Achaeans at Mysia fall short of heroic norms and perhaps casts aspersions on the contemporary scenario to which the mythological conflict appears to be compared. Hence the poem contains competing strands of consolation, celebration of an aristeia and mockery in a way which demonstrates Archilochus' varied and subtle relationship to epic.
The third open answer set programming competition
Authors: CALIMERI FRANCESCO , IANNI GIOVAMBATTISTA , RICCA FRANCESCO 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a well-established paradigm of declarative programming in close relationship with other declarative formalisms such as SAT Modulo Theories, Constraint Handling Rules, FO(.), PDDL and many others. Since its first informal editions, ASP systems have been compared in the now well-established ASP Competition. The Third (Open) ASP Competition, as the sequel to the ASP Competitions Series held at the University of Potsdam in Germany (2006–2007) and at the University of Leuven in Belgium in 2009, took place at the University of Calabria (Italy) in the first half of 2011. Participants competed on a pre-selected collection of benchmark problems, taken from a variety of domains as well as real world applications. The Competition ran on two tracks: the Model and Solve (M&S) Track, based on an open problem encoding, and open language, and open to any kind of system based on a declarative specification paradigm; and the System Track, run on the basis of fixed, public problem encodings, written in a standard ASP language. This paper discusses the format of the competition and the rationale behind it, then reports the results for both tracks. Comparison with the second ASP competition and state-of-the-art solutions for some of the benchmark domains is eventually discussed.
Decadal changes in surface air temperature variability and cold surge characteristics over northeast Asia and their relation with the Arctic Oscillation for the past three decades (1979–2011)
Authors: Woo Sung‐Ho , Kim Baek‐Min , Jeong Jee‐Hoon , Kim Seong‐Joong , Lim Gyu‐Ho 
Published: September 2012

Decadal changes in surface air temperature (SAT) variability and cold surge characteristics over Northeast Asia during late winter (January–March) are analyzed for the past three decades. Power spectrum analysis of SAT reveals that the low‐frequency variabilities with a period longer than 10 days are significantly enhanced, while the high‐frequency variabilities with a period shorter than 10 days are weakened in the 1980s and 2000s. Moreover, cold surges were stronger and lasted longer during the 1980s and 2000s compared to those that occurred in the 1990s. Here, we propose that large‐scale atmospheric conditions manifested by a different phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) provide preconditioning for a cold surge event, which showed a prominent decadal fluctuation. The more (less) frequent strong and long‐lasting cold surge occurrences in the 1980s and 2000s (1990s) are preceded by the more dominant negative (positive) phase of the AO. Lag‐composite analyses for cold surge events categorized by the AO phases indicate that stronger and longer‐lasting cold air advection dominates at the lower‐level, when upper‐level wave train and coastal trough are developed over East Asia under the strong negative AO phase. These results suggest that the decadal changes in SAT variability and cold surge characteristics are strongly associated with the decadal changes in the phase distribution of the AO.
Intensification of extratropical cyclones associated with the polar jet change in the CMIP5 global warming projections
Authors: Mizuta Ryo 
Published: September 2012

The projected change in intense extratropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere winter due to global warming is investigated using 11 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). In many models, the number of intense surface cyclones (sea‐level pressure below 980 hPa) increases on the polar and downstream side of the storm tracks, and the mean growth rate of the cyclones is enhanced in areas upstream of these regions, especially in the North Pacific. Around these regions, the mean growth rate is highly correlated with the upper‐level zonal wind on a monthly time scale, and its projected change can be largely explained by the zonal wind change. An enhanced polar jet over the North Pacific seen in many models leads to an enhanced mean growth rate of surface cyclones, while less agreement between the models is seen over the North Atlantic.
A small predatory core genome in the divergent marine Bacteriovorax marinus SJ and the terrestrial Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
Authors: Crossman Lisa C , Chen Huan , Cerdeño-Tárraga Ana-M , Brooks Karen , Quail Michael A , Pineiro Silvia A , Hobley Laura , Sockett R Elizabeth , Bentley Stephen D , Parkhill Julian , Williams Henry N , Stine O Colin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Bacteriovorax marinus SJ is a predatory delta-proteobacterium isolated from a marine environment. The genome sequence of this strain provides an interesting contrast to that of the terrestrial predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100. Based on their predatory lifestyle, Bacteriovorax were originally designated as members of the genus Bdellovibrio but subsequently were re-assigned to a new genus and family based on genetic and phenotypic differences. B. marinus attaches to Gram-negative bacteria, penetrates through the cell wall to form a bdelloplast, in which it replicates, as shown using microscopy. Bacteriovorax is distinct, as it shares only 30% of its gene products with its closest sequenced relatives. Remarkably, 34% of predicted genes over 500 nt in length were completely unique with no significant matches in the databases. As expected, Bacteriovorax shares several characteristic loci with the other delta-proteobacteria. A geneset shared between Bacteriovorax and Bdellovibrio that is not conserved among other delta-proteobacteria such as Myxobacteria (which destroy prey bacteria externally via lysis), or the non-predatory Desulfo-bacteria and Geobacter species was identified. These 291 gene orthologues common to both Bacteriovorax and Bdellovibrio may be the key indicators of host-interaction predatory-specific processes required for prey entry. The locus from Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is implicated in the switch from predatory to prey/host-independent growth. Although the locus is conserved in B. marinus, the sequence has only limited similarity. The results of this study advance understanding of both the similarities and differences between Bdellovibrio and Bacteriovorax and confirm the distant relationship between the two and their separation into different families.
First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe arcuata on Lanceleaf Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) in Korea
Authors: Lee H. B. 
Published: September 2012

Lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata L.) is a plant species of the genus Coreopsis in Asteraceae native to the USA. This plant is a bushy perennial species with finely cut foliage and showy round flowers and is increasing as plants used in landscaping in the world. The invasive plant is also planted very commonly along roadsides in Korea. In late October 2011 and August 2012, signs and symptoms of a powdery mildew disease were observed on lanceleaf coreopsis in several land areas near Gwangju-river, Gwangju, Korea. Symptoms included typical white superficial mycelia. The conidia of the powdery mildew fungus occurred on adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Chasmothecia were not observed. Single conidia formed terminally on conidiophores. Conidial morphology was subcylindrical to oblong. Dimension of conidia was 23.6 to 41.4 (avg. 35.1) μm long × 11.3 to 18.2 (avg. 14.8) μm wide. Conidiophores were composed of five to six (up to seven) cells, ranged from 45.7 to 131.2 (avg. 98.1) μm long × 8.2 to 11.1 (avg. 8.3) μm wide with foot-cells straight to slightly flexuous. Oidium anamorph of this fungus matched that of E. arcuata U. Braun, Heluta and S. Takam. described by Pastircakova et al. (3). From extracted genomic DNA, the rDNA ITS was amplified with ITS1F (5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGT-3′) and LR5F (5′-GCTATCCTGAGGGAAAC-3′) primer set. The rDNA ITS homology of the fungus (EML-CDPW1, GenBank Accession No. JX485650) showed 100% (590/590) identity value with E. arcuata (GenBank Accession No. AB252459). The identification of the fungus as E. arcuata was based on morphological data combined with the results of sequence analysis. Until recently, E. arcuata has been known to widespread on Carpinus species of the family Betulaceae including European hornbeam (C. betulus L.) and Chonowski's hornbeam (C. tschonoskii Maxim.) in Asia and Europe since Braun et al. first reported it as a new species in 2006 (1). In Korea, Podosphaera fusca (= Sphaerotheca fusca) and P. fuliginea (= S. fuliginea) were reported to cause powdery mildews on Coreopsis lanceolata. E. cichoracearum (= Golovinomyces cichoracearum), Leveillula taurica, P. fusca (= S. fusca), and Oidium spp. have been reported on Coreopsis spp. in the world (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by Oidium anamorph of E. arcuata on lanceleaf coreopsis (C. lanceolata) in Korea or elsewhere in the world. References: (1) U. Braun et al. Mycol. Prog. 5:139, 2006. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , 2012. (3) K. Pastircakova et al. J. Phytopathol. 156:597, 2008.
Does knowledge management “fit” matter to business performance?
Authors: Chen Yue‐Yang , Yeh Shang‐Pao , Huang Hui‐Ling 
Published: September 2012

PurposeDrawing on the concept of fit, this paper aims to propose a knowledge management (KM) fit model within which KM strategy, IT strategy, and HRM strategy are coaligned and to empirically test this model with empirical data.Design/methodology/approachData for hypotheses testing are collected from top‐ranked companies in Taiwan; yielding 161 valid samples. Performance implications of fit are examined using multiple perspectives with covariation and matching approaches.FindingsThe findings show that the holistic perspective of fit as covariation supports the fit relationships on business performance. In addition, with the reductionistic perspective of fit as matching, the findings also show their bivariate relationships have significant impacts on business performance.Research limitations/implicationsA successful KM project must take various attributes into account, to ensure a positive outcome. In such a context, organization, process, human resources, and IT are thought to be the key elements and enablers for best KM practices. Thus, cogitating and integrating various factors related to the KM area are considered by researchers to be the most important tasks. However, fit mechanism is a dynamic process. The authors suggest that future research should adopt a longitudinal view to deal with the dynamic changes that may occur in fit operations.Originality/valueThere has been little attempt to explore KM issues by using multiple perspectives to examine the performance implications of fit on business performance. Thus, the authors posit that performance measuring in growth and profitability are affected by fit among these three KM‐related strategies.