bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halogenated Dodecaborate Clusters as Agents to Trigger Release of Liposomal Contents
Authors: Awad Doaa , Bartok Melinda , Mostaghimi Farzin , Schrader Imke , Sudumbrekar Neeti , Schaffran Tanja , Jenne Carsten , Eriksson Jonny , Winterhalter Mathias , Fritz Jürgen , Edwards Katarina , Gabel Detlef 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHalogenated dodecaborates, and especially dodecaiodododecaborate(2−), are found to trigger effectively the release of the contents of phospholipid liposomes, including liposomes containing distearoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, which are used clinically in cancer therapy. The basis of the release is studied through differential scanning calorimetry, cryo‐transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Upon administration at high concentrations, drastic morphological changes are induced by the dodecaborates. Their possible use in triggered release is suggested.
Optimized Assignment Algorithm to Maximize the Reduction for Backup System with Multiple Deduplication Methods Installed
Authors: Ogata Mikito , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYDeduplication backup technology removes redundant data segments in a system in order to reduce the capacity usage in the target backup storage. This technique also provides better performance, less resource utilization, less energy consumption, and TCO. This paper describes an optimization method for deduplication backup in an IT system in which multiple deduplication processes are simultaneously installed and activated. The method provides an algorithm for assignment of backup target files to installed deduplication processes to maximize the aggregate deduplication ratio while maintaining the predefined system requirements, such as backup‐windows limitation and resource utilization limitation. In a real‐world system, the time used to perform deduplication in each process is not constant, but variable due to operational resources contention, waiting time in queues, and data characteristics. The proposed method points out that these time parameters can be simulated as following a normal distribution, formularizes discrete assignment programming, then defines combinatory approaches of integer linear programming to incorporate the maximum deduplication ratio and the binary adjustment of parameters so as to ensure that the variance is not exceeded. By utilizing this method, the system can achieve the maximal deduplication ratio while respecting time requirements within a predefined tolerance. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through simulations.
Asymmetric Supercapacitors based on Hybrid CuO@Reduced Graphene Oxide@Sponge versus Reduced Graphene Oxide@Sponge Electrodes
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Chodankar Nilesh R. , Gund Girish S. , Holze Rudolf , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Gomez‐Romero Pedro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated by using CuO@reduced graphene oxide@sponge (CuO@rGO@SP) composites as the positive electrode and rGO@SP as the negative electrode in Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. Macroporous and low‐costing sponges were explored as skeletons to construct a homogeneous 3 D interconnected network of rGO. Initially, rGO was deposited on the sponge by the “dip‐and‐dry” method. Subsequently, a CuO nanosheet cluster was deposited by using the chemical bath deposition method on the rGO‐coated sponge substrate. The CuO@rGO@SP electrodes could be operated even under a high scan rate of 200 mV s−1 and exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 519 F g−1. An asymmetric supercapacitor device based on CuO@rGO@SP//rGO@SP could be cycled in the high voltage range of 1.7 V and displayed high specific capacitance of 77.84 F g−1 and a high energy density of 31.24 W h−1 kg−1. Impressively, this asymmetric device exhibited an excellent long cycle life and 83 % of the specific capacitance was retained after 2000 cycles.
Negative Affect Mediates the Relationship Between Interpersonal Problems and Binge‐Eating Disorder Symptoms and Psychopathology in a Clinical Sample: A Test of the Interpersonal Model
Authors: Ivanova Iryna V. , Tasca Giorgio A. , Hammond Nicole , Balfour Louise , Ritchie Kerri , Koszycki Diana , Bissada Hany 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the validity of the interpersonal model of binge‐eating disorder (BED) psychopathology in a clinical sample of women with BED. Data from a cross‐sectional sample of 255 women with BED were examined for the direct effects of interpersonal problems on BED symptoms and psychopathology, and indirect effects mediated by negative affect. Structural equation modelling analyses demonstrated that higher levels of interpersonal problems were associated with greater negative affect, and greater negative affect was associated with higher frequency of BED symptoms and psychopathology. There was a significant indirect effect of interpersonal problems on BED symptoms and psychopathology mediated through negative affect. Interpersonal problems may lead to greater BED symptoms and psychopathology, and this relationship may be partially explained by elevated negative affect. The results of the study are the first to provide support for the interpersonal model of BED symptoms and psychopathology in a clinical sample of women. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses for ignition of fiber‐reinforced polymer panels
Authors: Tian Ning , Zhou Aixi 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe ignition characteristics of combustible solids are affected by many factors such as material properties, external heating source, and surrounding environmental conditions. In practice, these factors can vary significantly from one application to another. Thus, it is important to evaluate the sensitivity and uncertainty aspects of the effect of these factors on ignition. This study attempts to achieve this goal through sensitivity and uncertainty analyses on the piloted ignition of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composite panels. A Monte Carlo simulation using the Latin hypercube sampling method was employed to conduct sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. An integral model combining a general thermal thickness model with a heating rate‐related ignition temperature criterion was used as the ignition prediction model. Time‐to‐ignition was evaluated as the output parameter against the variations of input parameters such as material properties, external heating source, and surrounding environmental conditions. In addition, to identifying important sensitivity factors and uncertainty ranges of piloted ignition, a critical thermal thickness was found for the composite panels. These findings can serve as guides for the fire safety design of FRP composite materials for various applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population Genetics Identifies Challenges in Analyzing Rare Variants
Authors: Johnston Henry Richard , Hu Yijuan , Cutler David J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTGeneticists have, for years, understood the nature of genome‐wide association studies using common genomic variants. Recently, however, focus has shifted to the analysis of rare variants. This presents potential problems for researchers, as rare variants do not always behave in the same way common variants do, sometimes rendering decades of solid intuition moot. In this paper, we present examples of the differences between common and rare variants. We show why one must be significantly more careful about the origin of rare variants, and how failing to do so can lead to highly inflated type I error. We then explain how to best avoid such concerns with careful understanding and study design. Additionally, we demonstrate that a seemingly low error rate in next‐generation sequencing can dramatically impact the false‐positive rate for rare variants. This is due to the fact that rare variants are, by definition, seen infrequently, making it hard to distinguish between errors and real variants. Compounding this problem is the fact that the proportion of errors is likely to get worse, not better, with increasing sample size. One cannot simply scale their way up in order to solve this problem. Understanding these potential pitfalls is a key step in successfully identifying true associations between rare variants and diseases.
Large Sets of Wrapped K–K Hamilton Cycle Decompositions of Complete Bipartite 3‐Uniform Hypergraphs
Authors: Zhao Hongtao , Rodger C. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUsing the Katona–Kierstead (K–K) definition of a Hamilton cycle in a uniform hypergraph, we investigate the existence of wrapped K–K Hamilton cycle decompositions of the complete bipartite 3‐uniform hypergraph and their large sets, settling their existence whenever n is prime.
The elevation dependency of 21st century European climate change: an RCM ensemble perspective
Authors: Kotlarski Sven , Lüthi Daniel , Schär Christoph 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe ENSEMBLES regional climate model (RCM) ensemble is analysed with respect to the elevation‐dependency of 21st century near‐surface climate change over Europe. Fifteen experiments carried out by 11 different RCMs, driven by 6 different global climate models (GCMs) are considered, all of them assuming the SRES A1B emission scenario. Model evaluation for the historical period yields an approximate reproduction of observed temperature–elevation and precipitation–elevation profiles, but some distortion due to high‐elevation cold and wet biases. Climate change signals until the end of the 21st century show characteristic elevation dependencies over many parts of Europe and in many seasons. Except for northern Europe maximum warming typically occurs at medium to high elevations, leading to a decrease of near‐surface temperature lapse rates. The model agreement on the vertical temperature change profile is high; it does not depend on the driving GCM although the latter strongly determines the overall warming magnitude. Warming anomalies can often be related to changes of surface snow cover, and a contribution of the snow‐albedo feedback to the anomalous medium‐ and high‐elevation warming is likely. Also climate change signals of seasonal precipitation sums can considerably depend on elevation, but peculiarities highly depend on the region and season considered. Moreover, the vertical precipitation change profile appears to be less related to elevation itself but is strongly influenced by horizontal change patterns within the individual analysis domains and by the relative location of grid cells with respect to major orographic obstacles. Medium‐ to high‐elevation anomalies of large‐scale climate change signals as identified in this work represent an added value of dynamical downscaling as these elevations are typically not represented by the driving GCMs.
Surgical anatomy and variations of the infraorbital nerve
Authors: Ference Elisabeth H. , Smith Stephanie S. , Conley David , Chandra Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess relevant variations in the anatomical course of the infraorbital nerve (ION). This understanding may reduce the risk of surgical injury.MethodsA total of 100 consecutive computed‐tomography sinus studies obtained in a tertiary referral center were reviewed, and measurements were made of the 200 IONs. Anatomic variants were classified into three types based on the degree to which (if any) the nerve's course descended from the maxillary roof into the sinus lumen.ResultsA total of 60.5% of IONs were entirely contained within the sinus roof. In 27.0%, the nerve canal descended below the roof but remained juxtaposed to it. In 12.5%, the ION descended into the sinus lumen. The proportion of IONs descending into the sinus significantly increased to 27.7% when an infraorbital ethmoid cell was present (chi‐square P < 0.001) and to 50% when the nerve was contained within a lamella of such a cell (chi‐square P < 0.001). Descended nerves terminated in a foramen located an average of 11.9 ± 2.5 mm below the infraorbital rim, significantly further below the orbit than nondescended nerves (t test P < 0.001). Descended nerves were located a mean distance of 8.6 ± 2.9 mm below the sinus roof and traversed the sinus lumen diagonally for a mean length of 15.4 ± 3.1 mm.ConclusionsDescent of the ION into the maxillary sinus is a common anatomic variant that is more prevalent in the setting of an ipsilateral infraorbital ethmoid cell. Descended nerves are associated with the foramen significantly further below the inferior orbital rim than those of nondescended nerves. These observations may help surgeons avoid iatrogenic ION injury.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:1296–1300, 2015
The effect of sildenafil on fascia‐wrapped diced cartilage grafts
Authors: Kemaloğlu Cemal A. , Tekin Yücel 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisDiced cartilage grafts are frequently used, especially in rhinoplasty. The effect of sildenafil on the viability of diced cartilage grafts was investigated in this study.Study DesignAnimal experiment.MethodsAn approximate 2 × 2‐cm cartilage graft was taken from the ears of 14 New Zealand rabbits, diced to approximately 1‐mm3 dimensions, then wrapped in muscle fascia taken from the right rear leg. These were then weighed and placed in prepared cavities on the backs of the rabbits. The animals were separated into two groups, and although no procedure was applied to the control group, a daily dose of 10 mg/kg sildenafil was administered orally to the sildenafil group. After 3 months, the rabbits were sacrificed and the grafts were removed, weighed, and examined histopathologically.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was observed between groups with respect to graft weight. Histopathologically, graft tissue viability was 85% in the sildenafil group and 41.43% in the control group, which was determined to be statistically significant. A lower resorption rate and higher basophilia rate was observed in the sildenafil group (P < .05) compared with the control group. No statistically significant differences were determined between the groups with respect to calcification, bone metaplasia, inflammation, or fibrosis.ConclusionsIndependent of surgical technique, sildenafil may be clinically useful as a medical agent to enhance graft viability.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:E168–E172, 2015
Enhanced contact endoscopy for the detection of neoangiogenesis in tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx
Authors: Puxeddu Roberto , Sionis Sara , Gerosa Clara , Carta Filippo 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisImage‐enhanced endoscopy, such as narrow band imaging and the Storz Professional Image Enhancement System, have been increasingly used in patients with suspect lesions of the larynx and hypopharynx during preoperative and intraoperative assessment.Study DesignIn the present study, a contact endoscope was coupled with the systems of image‐enhanced endoscopy, as to precisely distinguish the peculiar neoangiogenetic changes in inflammation, and precancerous and cancerous lesions of the larynx and hypopharynx.MethodsWe performed a single‐blind study with this original approach of a series of 44 patients with different lesions of the larynx and hypopharynx.ResultsWe observed five obvious vascular patterns matching the diagnosis in 41 patients out of 44, with accuracy in the differential diagnosis between normal tissue and hyperplasia versus mild dysplasia and carcinoma of 97.6%.ConclusionsEnhanced contact endoscopy allows for predicting histologic changes of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal lesions from inflammation to cancer on based on fine evaluation of the neoangiogenetic changes of the chorion. This innovative procedure can be considered an important tool during diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of patients with precancer and cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 125:1600–1606, 2015
Lateral pharyngeal wall collapse associated with hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Lan Ming‐Chin , Liu Stanley Y. C. , Lan Ming‐Ying , Modi Rahul , Capasso Robson 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisReview drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings and correlate the patterns of airway collapse with body mass index (BMI) and objective sleep study respiratory variables, with particular emphasis on oxygen desaturation variables.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsFrom January 2010 to March 2014, 64 patients underwent DISE, and its findings were registered using the VOTE (velum, oropharynx, tongue base, epiglottis) classification system. Associations were analyzed between DISE, BMI, and polysomnographic parameters.ResultsComplete lateral oropharyngeal collapse was significantly associated with increased severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), reflected by a higher oxygen desaturation index, apnea‐hypopnea index, apnea index, the percent of the total time with oxygen saturation level lower than 90%, and minimal oxygen saturation). Complete concentric collapse of the velum and complete lateral oropharyngeal collapse were associated with higher BMI values.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate a strong association between complete lateral oropharyngeal wall collapse and increased OSA severity, particularly with objective oximetry measures. Patients with a complete lateral oropharyngeal wall collapse may need aggressive treatment strategies because of the high probability of subsequent cardiovascular complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:2408–2412, 2015
A systematic review of computed tomography detection of cartilage invasion in laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Adolphs Anda P. J. , Boersma Nienke A. , Diemel Babette D. M. , Eding Joep E. C. , Flokstra Francien E. , Wegner Inge , Grolman Wilko , Braunius Weibel 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThis systematic review aimed to assess the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) in detecting cartilage invasion among patients with laryngeal carcinoma.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.Review MethodsA search in the previously mentioned databases was performed to identify relevant articles. Articles comparing cartilage invasion on CT with histology were selected. After critical appraisal, articles of adequate relevance and validity were included in further analysis. Prevalences, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were extracted from the included articles.ResultsFour studies were included in the final analysis. Only one study examined the positive predictive value and negative predictive value for invasion of any laryngeal cartilage, and they were 87% and 56%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value for thyroid cartilage invasion were investigated in three studies and ranged from 44% to 80% and from 85% to 100%, respectively. The negative predictive value is likely underestimated due to selection bias, whereas the positive predictive value is likely overestimated.ConclusionsCT imaging is a suitable tool to assess laryngeal cartilage invasion, especially regarding the thyroid cartilage.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:1650–1655, 2015
Synthesis, characterization, rheological and thermal behavior of metallocene ethylene − norbornene copolymers with low norbornene content using pentafluorophenol modified methylaluminoxane
Authors: Manteghi Amin , Arabi Hassan , Jahani Yousef 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEthylene − norbornene copolymers were synthesized using rac‐ethylene bis(indenyl) zirconium dichloride/pentafluorophenol modified methylaluminoxane. First, the effect of using a modifier in combination with a low ratio of Al/Zr on the catalyst activity and co‐monomer incorporation was studied. The results of copolymerization reveal a 20% co‐monomer incorporation improvement and a rise of activity by 2‐fold in the presence of the modifier. Rheological measurements show a higher molecular weight in copolymers synthesized using modified methylaluminoxane. The alternative and dyad block microstructures of copolymers become possible in the case of a norbornene content of more than 14 mol%. Second, the effect of co‐monomer content on the rheological and thermal behavior of the synthesized copolymers was investigated. The results of the rheological study indicate a lower molecular weight in samples containing a higher norbornene content. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis confirms the influence of different microstructures on the glass transition temperature. The crystal structure of copolymers having a higher molecular weight is emphasized using wide angle X‐ray scattering and DSC even with a greater incorporation of norbornene. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of a double‐structured microporous polymer support on the catalytic activity, stability and aggregation behavior of immobilized enzymes
Authors: Yang Haijie , Wang Lei , Chen Shuli , Wang Mian , Feng Zhiwei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA double‐structured microporous polymer composite support consisting of a microporous skeleton for protection of immobilized enzymes and a gel‐like polymer bearing different functionalities has been synthesized for immobilization of various enzymes. Among three approaches based on two types of interactions (physical and chemical), we found that under our experimental conditions the covalent bonding between amine moieties of enzymes and epoxide groups of the support was the best, with enzyme leaching being reduced to as low as zero for nine enzymes and catalytic activities increased by factors of 1–4 for two lipases. The improvement in catalytic activity could be attributed to the amphiphilic soft gel which might create a kind of lipid–water interface or microenvironment in aqueous solution, favoring the interfacial activation of certain lipases. Furthermore, the thermal and operational stability, and reusability of all the enzymes could be enhanced to varying degrees. We also found that enzyme aggregates of different sizes could be formed on the spherical support surface at quite low enzyme concentrations, which might also influence the final catalytic activities of the immobilized enzymes. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Photorefractive performance of poly(triarylamine)‐Based polymer composites: An approach from the photoconductive properties
Authors: Tsutsumi Naoto , Kinashi Kenji , Masumura Kento , Kono Kenji 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPhotorefractive (PR) and photoconductive properties of methyl‐substituted poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) based PR composite is presented. PR composite consisted of PTAA, piperidinodicyanostyrene, (2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)diphenylamine, and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester. Photocurrent is simultaneously measured when a transient degenerate four wave mixing is recorded. Diffraction efficiency of 16.6%, response time of 5 ms, and sensitivity of 43 cm2 J−1 are measured under an applied field of 45 V μm−1 and 632.8 nm illumination with the intensity of 1.5 W cm−2. Response time of 10.2 ms with diffraction efficiency of 47.0% is obtained under a same field and 532 nm illumination with the intensity of 0.427 W cm−2. Higher diffraction and faster response is due to the large photocurrent in the order of hundreds μA measured. The resultant trap density is in the order of 1014 cm−3. Thus, space–charge field less than 1 V μm−1 is evaluated, which limits the PR response. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 502–508