bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicity multiplexed broadband metasurface holograms
Authors: Wen Dandan , Yue Fuyong , Li Guixin , Zheng Guoxing , Chan Kinlong , Chen Shumei , Chen Ming , Li King Fai , Wong Polis Wing Han , Cheah Kok Wai , Yue Bun Pun Edwin , Zhang Shuang , Chen Xianzhong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMetasurfaces are engineered interfaces that contain a thin layer of plasmonic or dielectric nanostructures capable of manipulating light in a desirable manner. Advances in metasurfaces have led to various practical applications ranging from lensing to holography. Metasurface holograms that can be switched by the polarization state of incident light have been demonstrated for achieving polarization multiplexed functionalities. However, practical application of these devices has been limited by their capability for achieving high efficiency and high image quality. Here we experimentally demonstrate a helicity multiplexed metasurface hologram with high efficiency and good image fidelity over a broad range of frequencies. The metasurface hologram features the combination of two sets of hologram patterns operating with opposite incident helicities. Two symmetrically distributed off-axis images are interchangeable by controlling the helicity of the input light. The demonstrated helicity multiplexed metasurface hologram with its high performance opens avenues for future applications with functionality switchable optical devices.
Adsorption of Uranyl ions on Amine-functionalization of MIL-101(Cr) Nanoparticles by a Facile Coordination-based Post-synthetic strategy and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies
Authors: Zhang Jian-Yong , Zhang Na , Zhang Linjuan , Fang Yongzheng , Deng Wei , Yu Ming , Wang Ziqiang , Li Lina , Liu Xiyan , Li Jingye 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBy a facile coordination-based post-synthetic strategy, the high surface area MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticles was functionallized by grafting amine group of ethylenediamine (ED) on coordinatively unsaturated Cr(III) centers, yielding a series of ED-MIL-101(Cr)-based adsorbents and their application for adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution were also studied. The obtained ED-functionallized samples with different ED contents were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), FTIR, elemental analysis (EA) and N2 adsorption and desorption isothermal. Compared with the pristine MIL-101(Cr) sorbents, the ED-functionallized MIL-101(Cr) exhibits significantly higher adsorption capacity for U(VI) ions from water with maximum adsorption capacities as high as 200 mg/g (corresponding to 100% extraction rate) at pH of 4.5 with ED/Cr ratio of 0.68 and the sorbed U(VI) ions can easily be desorbed at lower pH (pH ≤ 2.0). The adsorption mode of U(VI) ions and effects of grafted ED on the MIL-101(Cr) frameworks were also been studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We believe that this work establishes a simple and energy efficient route to a novel type of functional materials for U(VI) ions extraction from solution via the post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategy.
Giant moving vortex mass in thick magnetic nanodots
Authors: Guslienko K. Y. , Kakazei G. N. , Ding J. , Liu X. M. , Adeyeye A. O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMagnetic vortex is one of the simplest topologically non-trivial textures in condensed matter physics. It is the ground state of submicron magnetic elements (dots) of different shapes: cylindrical, square etc. So far, the vast majority of the vortex dynamics studies were focused on thin dots with thickness 5–50 nm and only uniform across the thickness vortex excitation modes were observed. Here we explore the fundamental vortex mode in relatively thick (50–100 nm) dots using broadband ferromagnetic resonance and show that dimensionality increase leads to qualitatively new excitation spectra. We demonstrate that the fundamental mode frequency cannot be explained without introducing a giant vortex mass, which is a result of the vortex distortion due to interaction with spin waves. The vortex mass depends on the system geometry and is non-local because of important role of the dipolar interaction. The mass is rather small for thin dots. However, its importance increases drastically with the dot thickness increasing.
Collagen Q and anti-MuSK autoantibody competitively suppress agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling
Authors: Otsuka Kenji , Ito Mikako , Ohkawara Bisei , Masuda Akio , Kawakami Yu , Sahashi Ko , Nishida Hiroshi , Mabuchi Naoki , Takano Akemi , Engel Andrew G. , Ohno Kinji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG) accounts for 5 to 15% of autoimmune MG. MuSK and LRP4 are coreceptors for agrin in the signaling pathway that causes clustering of acetylcholine receptor (AChR). MuSK also anchors the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/collagen Q (ColQ) complex to the synaptic basal lamina. We previously reported that anti-MuSK antibodies (MuSK-IgG) block binding of ColQ to MuSK and cause partial endplate AChE deficiency in mice. We here analyzed the physiological significance of binding of ColQ to MuSK and block of this binding by MuSK-IgG. In vitro plate-binding assay showed that MuSK-IgG blocked MuSK-LRP4 interaction in the presence of agrin. Passive transfer of MuSK-IgG to Colq-knockout mice attenuated AChR clustering, indicating that lack of ColQ is not the key event causing defective clustering of AChR in MuSK-MG. In three MuSK-MG patients, the MuSK antibodies recognized the first and fourth immunoglobulin-like domains (Ig1 and Ig4) of MuSK. In two other MuSK-MG patients, they recognized only the Ig4 domain. LRP4 and ColQ also bound to the Ig1 and Ig4 domains of MuSK. Unexpectedly, the AChE/ColQ complex blocked MuSK-LRP4 interaction and suppressed agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling. Quantitative analysis showed that MuSK-IgG suppressed agrin/LRP4/MuSK signaling to a greater extent than ColQ.
Transfer of regulatory T cells into abortion-prone mice promotes the expansion of uterine mast cells and normalizes early pregnancy angiogenesis
Authors: Woidacki Katja , Meyer Nicole , Schumacher Anne , Goldschmidt Alexandra , Maurer Marcus , Zenclussen Ana Claudia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImplantation of the fertilized egg depends on the coordinated interplay of cells and molecules that prepare the uterus for this important event. In particular, regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key regulators as their ablation hinders implantation by rendering the uterus hostile for the embryo. In addition, the adoptive transfer of Tregs can avoid early abortion in mouse models. However, it is still not defined which mechanisms underlie Treg function during this early period. Cells of the innate immune system have been reported to support implantation, in part by promoting angiogenesis. In particular, uterine mast cells (uMCs) emerge as novel players at the fetal-maternal interface. Here, we studied whether the positive action of Tregs is based on the expansion of uMCs and the promotion of angiogenesis. We observed that abortion-prone mice have insufficient numbers of uMCs that could be corrected by the adoptive transfer of Tregs. This in turn positively influenced the remodeling of spiral arteries and placenta development as well as the levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1). Our data suggest an interplay between Tregs and uMCs that is relevant for the changes required at the feto-maternal interface for the normal development of pregnancy.
From the Au nano-clusters to the nanoparticles on 4H-SiC (0001)
Authors: Li Ming-Yu , Zhang Quanzhen , Pandey Puran , Sui Mao , Kim Eun-Soo , Lee Jihoon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe control over the configuration, size and density of Au nanoparticles (NPs) has offered a promising route to control the spatial confinement of electrons and photons, as a result, Au NPs with a various configuration, size and density are witnessed in numerous applications. In this work, we investigate the evolution of self-assembled Au nanostructures on 4H-SiC (0001) by the systematic variation of annealing temperature (AT) with several deposition amount (DA). With the relatively high DAs (10 and 15 nm), depending on the AT variation, the surface morphology drastically evolve in two distinctive phases, i.e. (I) irregular nano-mounds and (II) hexagonal nano-crystals.. The thermal energy activates adatoms to aggregate resulting in the formation of self-assembled irregular Au nano-mounds based on diffusion limited agglomeration at comparatively low annealing temperature, which is also accompanied with the formations of hillocks and granules due to the dewetting of Au films and surface reordering. At high temperature, hexagonal Au nano-crystals form with facets along {111} and {100} likely due to anisotropic distribution of surface energy induced by the increased volume of NPs. With the small DA (3 nm), only dome shaped Au NPs are fabricated along with the variation of AT from low to elevated temperature.
An improved tensile deformation model for in-situ dendrite/metallic glass matrix composites
Authors: Sun X. H. , Qiao J. W. , Jiao Z. M. , Wang Z. H. , Yang H. J. , Xu B. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWith regard to previous tensile deformation models simulating the tensile behavior of in-situ dendrite-reinforced metallic glass matrix composites (MGMCs) [Qiao et al., Acta Mater. 59 (2011) 4126; Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2816], some parameters, such as yielding strength of the dendrites and glass matrix and the strain-hardening exponent of the dendrites, are estimated based on literatures. Here, Ti48Zr18V12Cu5Be17 MGMCs are investigated in order to improve the tensile deformation model and reveal the tensile deformation mechanisms. The tensile behavior of dendrites is obtained experimentally combining nano-indentation measurements and finite-element-method analysis for the first time and those of the glass matrix and composites are obtained by tension. Besides, the tensile behavior of the MGMCs is divided into four stages: (1) elastic-elastic, (2) elastic-plastic, (3) plastic-plastic (work-hardening) and (4) plastic-plastic (softening). The respective constitutive relationships at different deformation stages are quantified. The calculated results coincide well with the experimental results. Thus, the improved model can be applied to clarify and predict the tensile behavior of the MGMCs.
Photoinduced Charge Transport in a BHJ Solar Cell Controlled by an External Electric Field
Authors: Li Yongqing , Feng Yanting , Sun Mengtao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study investigated theoretical photoinduced charge transport in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell controlled by an external electric field. Our method for visualizing charge difference density identified the excited state properties of photoinduced charge transfer and the charge transfer excited states were distinguished from local excited states during electronic transitions. Furthermore, the calculated rates for the charge transfer revealed that the charge transfer was strongly influenced by the external electric field. The external electric field accelerated the rate of charge transfer by up to one order when charge recombination was significantly restrained. Our research demonstrated that photoinduced charge transport controlled by an external electric field in a BHJ solar cell is efficient and the exciton dissociation is not the limiting factor in organic solar cells.Our research should aid in the rational design of a novel conjugated system of organic solar cells.
Akt1/protein kinase B enhances transcriptional reprogramming of fibroblasts to functional cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhou Huanyu , Dickson Matthew E. , Kim Min Soo , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
After a heart attack, millions to billions of cardiomyocytes are lost. Because the adult mammalian heart possesses little regenerative potential, a precipitous loss of cardiac function ensues. Patients with heart failure could benefit from repopulating injured areas of the heart with functional cardiomyocytes. To date, cellular transplantation has been therapeutically unsuccessful. Direct lineage reprogramming offers a new approach to repopulate cardiomyocytes in the heart. We report here that addition of Akt1 to our established (GHMT) reprogramming cocktail dramatically enhances the generation of cardiomyocytes from fibroblasts. Our findings provide insights into the molecular basis of cardiac reprogramming.
Prominencia estructural y prominencia fonética en el funcionamiento de la memoria fonológica a corto plazo
Authors: Vares González Elena 
Published: September 2015

It seems that children are born with sophisticated abilities to perceive speech sounds. Phonological short-term memory plays a key role in the process of language acquisition in the storage of unknown phonological forms while more permanent representations are stored in the long-term memory.
In this paper we present the results of a study on the influence of two factors in the short-term memory: the degree of perceptibility (phonetic prominence) and the type of syllable structure (structural prominence) of the stimuli used. The results showed a larger influence of the latter at the expense of the amount of phonetic substance. This reinforces the importance of the role of syllabic structure in the early stages of language acquisition, used as a clue for learning the stress rules on speech and, subsequently, in the process of learning how to read.
RNF: a general framework to evaluate NGS read mappers
Authors: Břinda Karel , Boeva Valentina , Kucherov Gregory 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Read simulators combined with alignment evaluation tools provide the most straightforward way to evaluate and compare mappers. Simulation of reads is accompanied by information about their positions in the source genome. This information is then used to evaluate alignments produced by the mapper. Finally, reports containing statistics of successful read alignments are created.
In default of standards for encoding read origins, every evaluation tool has to be made explicitly compatible with the simulator used to generate reads.
Results: To solve this obstacle, we have created a generic format Read Naming Format (Rnf) for assigning read names with encoded information about original positions. Futhermore, we have developed an associated software package RnfTools containing two principal components. MIShmash applies one of popular read simulating tools (among DwgSim, Art, Mason, CuReSim, etc.) and transforms the generated reads into Rnf format. LAVEnder evaluates then a given read mapper using simulated reads in Rnf format. A special attention is payed to mapping qualities that serve for parametrization of Roc curves, and to evaluation of the effect of read sample contamination.
Availability and implementation: RnfTools: http://karel-brinda.github.io/rnftools Spec. of Rnf: http://karel-brinda.github.io/rnf-spec
Contact: karel.brinda@univ-mlv.fr
Bantu Syntax
Authors: van der Wal Jenneke 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the common syntactic features as well as the syntactic microvariation found in the Bantu languages. It particularly highlights the importance of information structure for the analysis of morphosyntax in this language family: word order, valency, voice, tense-aspect marking, subject and object marking can all be influenced and affected by the information structure expressed in the sentence. The chapter furthermore shows how Bantu languages, despite their shared basic SVO word order, noun classes and extensive verbal morphology, display a remarkable variation in the conditions determining agreement relations and word order. This has influenced syntactic theory formation in the past and should continue to do so now that more data and analyses of Bantu syntactic phenomena become available.
Sexual offenders
Authors: Lussier Patrick , Brassard Vicky 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSex offending has been considered an adultlike criminological phenomenon requiring adult-focused measures and interventions. Since the 1990s, growing concerns regarding youth involved in sexual offenses led to the importation of inappropriate repressive adult-focused policies to respond to the emerging issue of juvenile sexual offending. In fact, However, these repressive measures are based on misperceptions, myths, and unsubstantiated claims about sexual offending and have been shown to be ineffective in reducing sexual recidivism rates and Longitudinal studies on the development of crime and delinquency have enabled description of the sexual offending across life stages. This chapter reviews current knowledge of the development of sexual offending by using a criminal career approach while examining parameters such as prevalence, onset, frequency, continuity, and desistance from sexual offending. The criminal career perspective is a fruitful avenue to guide policy development for the prevention of sexual offending with evidence-based information that recognizes developmental differences between adolescents and adults.
Ultrasound Improves Cricothyrotomy Success in Cadavers with Poorly Defined Neck Anatomy
Authors: Siddiqui Naveed , Arzola Cristian , Friedman Zeev , Guerina Laarni , You-Ten Kong Eric 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbstract
This is the first study systematically assessing whether ultrasound guidance can reduce the complications associated with cricothyrotomy performed in human cadaver. The incidence of injuries to the larynx and trachea during ultrasoundguided cricothyrotomy was significantly lower compared with conventional digital palpation technique (25 vs. 74%), whereas the insertion time was significantly longer with ultrasound than with digital palpation (196 vs. 110 s). Results of this study suggest that ultrasound guidance of the cricothyroid membrane and neck landmarks should be performed before airway management, particularly in patients with difficult palpable neck landmarks and difficult airways.

Background
Misidentification of the cricothyroid membrane in a “cannot intubate-cannot oxygenate” situation can lead to failures and serious complications. The authors hypothesized that preprocedure ultrasound-guided identification of the cricothyroid membrane would reduce complications associated with cricothyrotomy.

Methods
A group of 47 trainees were randomized to digital palpation (n = 23) and ultrasound (n = 24) groups. Cricothyrotomy was performed on human cadavers by using the Portex® device (Smiths Medical, USA). Anatomical landmarks of cadavers were graded as follows: grade 1—easy = visual landmarks; 2—moderate = requires light palpation of landmarks; 3—difficult = requires deep palpation of landmarks; and 4—impossible = landmarks not palpable. Primary outcome was the complication rate as measured by the severity of injuries. Secondary outcomes were correct device placement, failure to cannulate, and insertion time.

Results
Ultrasound guidance significantly decreased the incidence of injuries to the larynx and trachea (digital palpation: 17 of 23 = 74% vs. ultrasound: 6 of 24 = 25%; relative risk, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.94; P = 0.001) and increased the probability of correct insertion by 5.6 times (P = 0.043) in cadavers with difficult and impossible landmark palpation (digital palpation 8.3% vs. ultrasound 46.7%). Injuries were found in 100% of the grades 3 to 4 (difficult–impossible landmark palpation) cadavers by digital palpation compared with only 33% by ultrasound (P < 0.001). The mean (SD) insertion time was significantly longer with ultrasound than with digital palpation (196.1 s [60.6 s] vs. 110.5 s [46.9 s]; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Preprocedure ultrasound guidance in cadavers with poorly defined neck anatomy significantly reduces complications and improves correct insertion of the airway device in the cricothyroid membrane.
Spinal IL-33/ST2 Signaling Contributes to Neuropathic Pain via Neuronal CaMKII–CREB and Astroglial JAK2–STAT3 Cascades in Mice
Authors: Liu Shenbin , Mi Wen-Li , Li Qian , Zhang Meng-Ting , Han Ping , Hu Shan , Mao-Ying Qi-Liang , Wang Yan-Qing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbstract
Blocking or genetically deleting the interleukin-33 receptor ST2 greatly diminished allodynia in a spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. Interleukin-33 works through the calcium–calmodulin-dependent kinase II–cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element–binding protein and janus kinase 2–signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways to enhance N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 1 expression and support allodynia in this model.

Background
Emerging evidence indicates that nerve damage–initiated neuroinflammation and immune responses, which are evidenced by the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. This study investigated the role of spinal interleukin (IL)-33 and its receptor ST2 in spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain.

Methods
The von Frey test and acetone test were performed to evaluate neuropathic pain behaviors (n = 8 to 12), and Western blot (n = 4 to 6), immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 5), and Bio-Plex (n = 5) assays were performed to understand the molecular mechanisms.

Results
Intrathecal administration of ST2-neutralizing antibody or ST2 gene knockout (ST2−/−) significantly attenuated the SNI-induced mechanical and cold allodynia. On the 7th day after SNI, the expression of spinal IL-33 and ST2 was increased by 255.8 ± 27.3% and 266.4 ± 83.5% (mean ± SD), respectively. Mechanistic studies showed that the increased expression of the spinal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 1 after SNI was reduced by ST2 antibody administration or ST2−/−. The induction of nociceptive behaviors in naive mice due to recombinant IL-33 was reversed by the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist MK-801. ST2 antibody administration or ST2−/− markedly inhibited the increased activation of the astroglial janus kinase 2 (JAK2)–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) cascade and the neuronal calcium–calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII)–cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element–binding protein (CREB) cascade after SNI. Moreover, intrathecal pretreatment with the CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 or the JAK2–STAT3 cascade inhibitor AG490 attenuated recombinant IL-33-induced nociceptive behaviors and NMDA subunit 1 up-regulation in naive mice.

Conclusion
Spinal IL-33/ST2 signaling contributes to neuropathic pain by activating the astroglial JAK2–STAT3 cascade and the neuronal CaMKII–CREB cascade.