bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Jelly Processing Potential of Raspberries Adapted in Brazil
Authors: de Souza Vanessa Rios , Pereira Patrícia Aparecida Pimenta , Pinheiro Ana Carla Marques , Nunes Cleiton Antônio , Pio Rafael , Queiroz Fabiana 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGenerally raspberry products as jams, jellies, and preserves are made with red raspberry, however, yellow raspberry and especially black raspberry are also fruits adapted in Brazil, presenting even better productivity and quality. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the processing potential of other varieties of raspberry, but the red, in the preparation of jellies through mixture design and response surface methodology (RSM). These techniques were used to optimize the following 3 variables: yellow (Golden Bliss cultivar, Rubus idaeus), black (Rubus niveus), and red raspberries (Batum cultivar, Rubus idaeus) to formulate a mixed raspberry fruit jelly through sensory evaluations. It was found that jelly formulated with a mix of colored raspberries grown in subtropical regions is a viable and alternative way to use yellow and black raspberries. The mixed raspberry jelly must have 0% to 30% yellow raspberries, 25% to 50% black raspberries, and 30% to 75% red raspberries. Within this region, the optimum formulation has ideal characteristics that are often not observed in formulations with 100% black or yellow raspberries.Practical ApplicationThe black and yellow raspberries are little explored in fresh consumption and in the development of products such as jams and jellies. From these work, using mixture design and response surface methodology, has been verified that the production of a mixed raspberry jelly seems feasible and is an interesting alternative to use the yellow and black raspberries. The results serve as a guide to the production of jams and jellies from these types of raspberries.
A case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and pyoderma gangrenosum successfully treated with infliximab and rituximab
Authors: Donmez Salim , Pamuk Omer N. , Gedik Mustafa , Ak Recep , Bulut Gulay 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHere, we present a young male patient who was admitted with alveolar hemorrhage, arthritis and cutaneous lesions, who later developed bilateral orbital involvement and pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). He also had pathergy test positivity. The patient was refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, multiple devastating PG lesions and disease activity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) were controlled with infliximab. Later, rituximab was used with success to prevent recurrence of symptoms. The relationship of PG with various autoimmune diseases is known; however, PG in GPA has been only rarely reported. Biologic agents might prove to be effective in GPA and PG patients who are refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapy.
Failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication and age are independent risk factors for recurrent neoplasia after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer in 283 patients
Authors: Kwon Y. H. , Heo J. , Lee H. S. , Cho C. M. , Jeon S. W. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundWhether the incidence of metachronous gastric dysplasia and cancer could be decreased by eradication of Helicobacter pylori after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC).AimTo compare the incidence of metachronous gastric lesion in the eradicated group and the persistent group. Second end point is to evaluate the risk factors for metachronous gastric lesions after ESD for EGC.MethodsIn a single centre, between May 2007 and May 2010, the patients who had evidence of H. pylori infection at the time of ESD for EGC were included, and the follow‐up data were analysed retrospectively.ResultsWe enrolled 283 patients who have shown H. pylori infection at the time of ESD for EGC. Successful eradication was achieved for 214 patients (75.6%) (Eradicated group), and 69 patients (24.4%) showed persistent H. pylori infection (Persistent group). Metachronous gastric lesions developed in 13 (18.8%) in the persistent group and 18 (8.4%) in the eradicated group (P = 0.016). In the ≥60‐year‐old group, the cumulative incidence of metachronous gastric cancer showed a significant increase (P = 0.012). Cumulative hazard ratio of subsequent gastric metachronous lesions differed between the eradication group and the persistent infection group (OR = 2.322, 95% CI = 1.136–4.744, P = 0.021), and ≥60 age at the time of endoscopic resection (OR = 2.803, 95% CI = 1.207–6.509, P = 0.016).ConclusionsBoth persistent H. pylori infection and old age (≥60) are independent risk factors for the increased incidence of metachronous gastric cancer.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the haemodynamic effects of carvedilol compared with propranolol for portal hypertension in cirrhosis
Authors: Sinagra E. , Perricone G. , D'Amico M. , Tinè F. , D'Amico G. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundPropranolol is recommended for prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Carvedilol is a nonselective beta‐blocker with a mild anti‐alfa‐1‐adrenergic activity. Several studies have compared carvedilol and propranolol, yielding inconsistent results.AimTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the randomised clinical trials comparing carvedilol with propranolol for hepatic vein pressure gradient reduction.MethodsStudies were searched on the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases up to November 2013. The weighted mean difference in percent hepatic vein pressure gradient reduction and the relative risk of failure to achieve a hemodynamic response (reduction ≥20% of baseline or to ≤12 mmHg) with each drug were used as measures of treatment efficacy.ResultsFive studies (175 patients) were included. Indication to treatment was primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in 76% of patients. There were overall three acute (60–90 min after drug administration) and three long‐term (after 7–90 days of therapy) comparisons. The summary mean weighted difference in % of reduction in hepatic vein pressure gradient was: acute −7.70 (CI −12.40, −3.00), long‐term −6.81 (CI −11.35, −2.26), overall −7.24 (CI −10.50, −3.97), favouring carvedilol. The summary relative risk of failure to achieve a hemodynamic response with carvedilol was 0.66 (CI 0.44, 1.00). Adverse events were nonsignificantly more frequent and serious with carvedilol. However, quality of trials was mostly unsatisfactory.ConclusionsCarvedilol reduces portal hypertension significantly more than propranolol. However, available data do not allow a satisfactory comparison of adverse events. These results suggest a potential for a cautious clinical use.
Eosinophilic oesophagitis and proton pump inhibitor‐responsive oesophageal eosinophilia have similar clinical, endoscopic and histological findings
Authors: Moawad F. J. , Schoepfer A. M. , Safroneeva E. , Ally M. R. , Chen Y.‐J. , Maydonovitch C. L. , Wong R. K. H. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundSome patients with a phenotypic appearance of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) respond histologically to PPI, and are described as having PPI‐responsive oesophageal eosinophilia (PPI‐REE). It is unclear if PPI‐REE is a GERD‐related phenomenon, a subtype of EoE, or a completely unique entity.AimTo compare demographic, clinical and histological features of EoE and PPI‐REE.MethodsTwo databases were reviewed from the Walter Reed and Swiss EoE databases. Patients were stratified into two groups, EoE and PPI‐REE, based on recent EoE consensus guidelines. Response to PPI was defined as achieving less than 15 eos/hpf and a 50% decrease from baseline following at least a 6‐week course of treatment.ResultsOne hundred and three patients were identified (63 EoE and 40 PPI‐REE; mean age 40.2 years, 75% male and 89% Caucasian). The two cohorts had similar dysphagia (97% vs. 100%, P = 0.520), food impaction (43% vs. 35%, P = 0.536), and heartburn (33% vs. 32%, P = 1.000) and a similar duration of symptoms (6.0 years vs. 5.8 years, P = 0.850). Endoscopic features were also similar between EoE and PPI‐REE; rings (68% vs. 68%, P = 1.000), furrows (70% vs. 70%, P = 1.000), plaques (19% vs. 10%, P = 0.272), strictures (49% vs. 30%, P = 0.066). EoE and PPI‐REE were similar in the number of proximal (39 eos/hpf vs. 38 eos/hpf, P = 0.919) and distal eosinophils (50 vs. 43 eos/hpf, P = 0.285).ConclusionsEoE and PPI‐responsive oesophageal eosinophilia are similar in clinical, histological and endoscopic features and therefore are indistinguishable without a PPI trial. Further studies are needed to determine why a subset of patients with oesophageal eosinophilia respond to PPI.
Genetically adjusted prostate‐specific antigen values may prevent delayed biopsies in African‐American men
Authors: Donin Nicholas M. , Loeb Stacy , Cooper Phillip R. , Roehl Kimberly A. , Baumann Nikola A. , Catalona William J. , Helfand Brian T. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether genetic correction using the genetic variants prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could reduce potentially unnecessary and/or delayed biopsies in African‐American men.Subjects and MethodsWe compared the genotypes of four PSA‐SNPs between 964 Caucasian and 363 African‐American men without known prostate cancer (PCa). We adjusted the PSA values based on an individual's PSA‐SNP carrier status, and calculated the percentage of men that would meet commonly used PSA thresholds for biopsy (≥2.5 or ≥4.0 ng/mL) before and after genetic correction. Potentially unnecessary and delayed biopsies were defined as those men who were below and above the biopsy threshold after genetic correction, respectively.ResultsOverall, 349 (96.1%) and 354 (97.5%) African‐American men had measured PSA levels <2.5 and <4.0 ng/mL. Genetic correction in African‐American men did not avoid any potentially unnecessary biopsies, but resulted in a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in potentially delayed biopsies by 2.5% and 3.9%, based on the biopsy threshold level.ConclusionsThere are significant differences in the influence of the PSA‐SNPs between African‐American and Caucasian men without known PCa, as genetic correction resulted in an increased proportion of African‐American men crossing the threshold for biopsy. These results raise the question of whether genetic differences in PSA might contribute to delayed PCa diagnosis in African‐American men.
Measuring midkine: the utility of midkine as a biomarker in cancer and other diseases
Authors: Jones D R 
Published: January 2014

Midkine (MK) is a pleiotropic growth factor prominently expressed during embryogenesis but down‐regulated to neglible levels in healthy adults. Many published studies have demonstrated striking MK overexpression compared with healthy controls in various pathologies, including ischaemia, inflammation, autoimmunity and, most notably, in many cancers. MK expression is detectable in biopsies of diseased, but not healthy, tissues. Significantly, because it is a soluble cytokine, elevated MK is readily apparent in the blood and other body fluids such as urine and CSF, making MK a relatively convenient, accessible, non‐invasive and inexpensive biomarker for population screening and early disease detection. The first diagnostic tests that quantify MK are just now receiving regulatory clearance and entering the clinic. This review examines the current state of knowledge pertaining to MK as a biomarker and highlights promising indications and clinical settings where measuring MK could make a difference to patient treatment. I also raise outstanding questions about reported variants of MK as well as MK's bio‐distribution in vivo. Answering these questions in future studies will enhance our understanding of the significance of measured MK levels in both patients and healthy subjects, and may reveal further opportunities for measuring MK to diagnose disease. MK has already proven to be a biomarker that can significantly improve detection, management and treatment of cancer, and there is significant promise for developing further MK‐based diagnostics in the future.Linked ArticleThis article is part of a recent themed section on Midkine, published in volume 171 issue 4. To view the other articles in this section visit
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐4
Menthol enhances phasic and tonic GABAA receptor‐mediated currents in midbrain periaqueductal grey neurons
Authors: Lau Benjamin K , Karim Shafinaz , Goodchild Ann K , Vaughan Christopher W , Drew Geoffrey M 
Published: January 2014

Background and PurposeMenthol, a naturally occurring compound in the essential oil of mint leaves, is used for its medicinal, sensory and fragrant properties. Menthol acts via transient receptor potential (TRPM8 and TRPA1) channels and as a positive allosteric modulator of recombinant GABAA receptors. Here, we examined the actions of menthol on GABAA receptor‐mediated currents in intact midbrain slices.Experimental ApproachWhole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings were made from periaqueductal grey (PAG) neurons in midbrain slices from rats to determine the effects of menthol on GABAA receptor‐mediated phasic IPSCs and tonic currents.Key ResultsMenthol (150–750 μM) produced a concentration‐dependent prolongation of spontaneous GABAA receptor‐mediated IPSCs, but not non‐NMDA receptor‐mediated EPSCs throughout the PAG. Menthol actions were unaffected by TRPM8 and TRPA1 antagonists, tetrodotoxin and the benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil. Menthol also enhanced a tonic current, which was sensitive to the GABAA receptor antagonists, picrotoxin (100 μM), bicuculline (30 μM) and Zn2+ (100 μM), but unaffected by gabazine (10 μM) and a GABAC receptor antagonist, 1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridin‐4‐yl)methylphosphinic acid hydrate (TPMPA; 50 μM). In addition, menthol potentiated currents induced by the extrasynaptic GABAA receptor agonist THIP/gaboxadol (10 μM).Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results suggest that menthol positively modulates both synaptic and extrasynaptic populations of GABAA receptors in native PAG neurons. The development of agents that potentiate GABAA‐mediated tonic currents and phasic IPSCs in a manner similar to menthol could provide a basis for novel GABAA‐related pharmacotherapies.
Self‐reported behaviour problems and sibling relationship quality by siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hastings R. P. , Petalas M. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere are few published research studies in which siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) provide self‐reports about their own behavioural and emotional problems and their sibling relationships. Reliance on parent reports may lead to incomplete conclusions about the experiences of siblings themselves.MethodsSiblings 7–17 years and their mothers from 94 families of children with ASD were recruited. Mothers reported on family demographics, the behavioural and emotional problems of their child with ASD, and on their own symptoms of depression. Siblings reported on their relationship with their brother or sister with ASD, and siblings 11+ years of age also self‐reported on their behavioural and emotional problems.ResultsCompared with normative British data, siblings reported very slightly elevated levels of behavioural and emotional problems. However, none of the mean differences were statistically significant and all group differences were associated with small or very small effect sizes – the largest being for peer problems (effect size = 0.31). Regression analysis was used to explore family systems relationships, with sibling self‐reports predicted by the behaviour problems scores for the child with ASD and by maternal depression. Maternal depression did not emerge as a predictor of siblings' self‐reported sibling relationships or their behavioural and emotional problems. Higher levels of behaviour problems in the child with ASD predicted decreased warmth/closeness and increased conflict in the sibling relationship.ConclusionsThese data support the general findings of recent research in that there was little indication of clinically meaningful elevations in behavioural and emotional problems in siblings of children with ASD. Although further research replication is required, there was some indication that sibling relationships may be at risk where the child with ASD has significant behaviour problems.
Alterations in immune cell subsets and their cytokine secretion profile in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Authors: Talaat R M , Elmaghraby A M , Barakat S S , EL-Shahat M 
Published: January 2014

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is acquired autoimmune disease in children characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance. This work is designed to explore the contribution of different lymphocyte subsets in acute and chronic ITP children. Imbalance in the T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cytokine secretion profile was investigated. The frequency of T (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) and B (CD19+) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) (CD16+56+) and regulatory T (Treg) [CD4+CD25+highforkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+] cells was investigated by flow cytometry in 35 ITP children (15 acute and 20 chronic) and 10 healthy controls. Plasma levels of Th1 cytokines [interferon (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α)] and Th2 [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10)] cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The percentage of Treg (P &lt; 0·001) and natural killer (NK) (P &lt; 0·001) cells were significantly decreased in ITP patients compared to healthy controls. A negative correlation was reported between the percentage of Treg cells and development of acute (r = −0·737; P &lt; 0·01) and chronic (r = −0·515; P &lt; 0·01) disease. All evaluated cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) were elevated significantly in ITP patients (P &lt; 0·001, P &lt; 0·05, P &lt; 0·05, P &lt; 0·05 and P &lt; 0·001, respectively) compared to controls. In conclusion, our data shed some light on the fundamental role of immune cells and their related cytokines in ITP patients. The loss of tolerance in ITP may contribute to the dysfunction of Tregs. Understanding the role of T cell subsets will permit a better control of autoimmunity through manipulation of their cytokine network.
Anti‐proliferative and apoptotic activities of constituents of chloroform extract of Juglans regia leaves
Authors: Salimi M. , Ardestaniyan M. H. , Mostafapour Kandelous H. , Saeidnia S. , Gohari A. R. , Amanzadeh A. , Sanati H. , Sepahdar Z. , Ghorbani S. , Salimi M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate anti‐proliferative as well as apoptotic activities of compounds identified in chloroform extract of Juglans regia leaves, on human breast and oral cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and BHY).Materials and methodsColumn chromatography, MTT assay, flowcytometry and western blotting have all been used in the study.ResultsBioassay‐guided fractionation of chloroform extract of J. regia afforded isolation of 5‐hydroxy‐3,7,4′‐trimethoxyflavone [1], lupeol [2], daucosterol [3], 4‐hydroxy‐α‐tetralone [4], β‐sitosterol [5], 5,7‐ dihydroxy‐3,4′‐dimethoxyflavone [6] and regiolone [7]. Structures of the compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses [Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass]. All compounds inhibited proliferation of MCF‐7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and BHY (human oral squamous carcinoma) cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Compounds 6 and 7 had potent cytotoxic effects on both MCF‐7 and BHY cells (IC50 21–51 μm), yet were not toxic to normal cells. MCF‐7 growth inhibition was attributed to apoptosis; population of apoptotic cells increased from 1.12% in controls to 5.64 and 8.1% after 48‐h treatment with compounds 6 and 7, indicating their potential at inducing early and late apoptosis. The caspase cascade was not activated, as indicated by only insignificant cleavage of caspase‐3.ConclusionsOur results suggest that compounds 6 and 7 can induce apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells through the caspase‐3 independent pathway.
The prognostic value of metformin for cancer patients with concurrent diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Z.‐J. , Li S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimEmerging evidence from epidemiologic studies and basic science suggests a potential antitumour effect of metformin. However, whether metformin improves survival in cancer patients remains inconclusive.MethodsA literature search was performed using the PubMed, EMbase and SciVerse Scopus databases. Pooled effect estimates were derived using a random‐effects meta‐analysis model.ResultsOf the 28 studies retrieved, the pooled effect estimates showed that metformin was associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality in cancer patients with concurrent diabetes, particularly for breast [pooled relative risk (RR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.55, 0.88; p = 0.003], colorectal (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59, 0.84; p < 0.001), ovarian (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.30, 0.64; p < 0.001) and endometrial cancer (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32, 0.73; p = 0.001). In addition, metformin was associated with lower risks of cancer‐specific mortality.ConclusionsThe findings of this study support the hypothesis that metformin improves the survival for cancer patients with concurrent diabetes, particularly for breast, colorectal, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. Further investigation is warranted.
Long‐term effect of an educational intervention regarding dental trauma first aid: a phase II study
Authors: Raoof Maryam , Shokouhinejad Noushin , Izadi Arash , Nourzadeh Mahdieh , Afkham Arash , Forghani Farshid‐Reza , Tavallaie Morteza , Mohammadalizadeh Sakineh 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimInterventions that improve knowledge about emergency management of traumatic dental injuries may be a good way to achieve a more favorable prognosis in such situations. We set out to evaluate the short‐ and long‐term effects of combined educational interventions on health teachers, including lecture presentation, question‐and‐answer sessions, and informational posters to promote awareness regarding emergency measures for traumatized teeth. Assessment was performed using a three‐part questionnaire, including demographic data, knowledge, and self‐assessment. Using a census sampling method, 52 health teachers of 68 potential candidates participated in the study. The questionnaires of 38 teachers who participated at all three intervals, including before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 36 months after (T2) the intervention, were analyzed. Statistical analysis involved Cochrane and McNemar's tests. Totally, results revealed an increase in knowledge from T0 to T1 and T2 intervals (P < 0.017). This study shows the positive effect of educational campaigns and, therefore, serves to encourage professionals to embark on innovative educational programs in this field.
Complete and long‐lasting cytologic and molecular remission of FIP1L1‐PDGFRA‐positive acute eosinophil myeloid leukaemia, treated with low‐dose imatinib monotherapy
Authors: Barraco Daniela , Carobolante Francesca , Candoni Anna , Simeone Erica , Piccaluga Pierpaolo , Tabanelli Valentina , Fanin Renato 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms associated with FIP1L1‐PDGFR rearrangements represent a rare subset of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, characterised by the presence of eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB or FGFR1 genes. The fusion product of such genes is a tyrosine kinase oncoprotein sensitive to imatinib, which to date results to be the standard of care for FIP1L1‐PDGFRA‐positive chronic myeloproliferative disorders with eosinophilia. However, the coexistence of FIP1L1‐PDGFRA rearrangement associated with acute myeloid leukaemia is extremely rare. Here, we report a rare case of FIP1L1‐PDGFRA‐positive acute myeloid leukaemia, with marked peripheral blood and bone marrow eosinophilia, treated with low dose of imatinib monotherapy, achieving a rapid and long‐lasting complete cytologic and molecular remission, without need for intensive chemotherapy.