bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Characteristics of Tooth Agenesis in Permanent Dentition of Subjects from Tîrgu Mureș
Authors: Bernadette Kerekes-Máthé , Krisztina Mártha , Melinda Székely 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Background: Identification of the characteristics of tooth agenesis is an important component in the understanding of the ethiology of this common developmental dental anomaly. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and the characteristics of tooth agenesis among patients from Tîrgu Mureș. Material and method: The present study is retrospective and descriptive, based on the evaluation of the patient’s dental records from 2004 to 2012 belonging to a pediatric dental office from Tîrgu Mureș. Orthopantomograms and anamnestic data of 947 children and young adults (365 male and 582 female) were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of tooth agenesis, excluding third molars, was 7.39%. The difference between the genders was statistically not significant (p = 0.09). The most frequently missing teeth were the upper second incisors, followed by the lower second premolars. The difference between the distribution of agenesis in the upper and lower jaws was statistically significant (p <0.0001). The distribution of dental agenesis between the anterior region and the lateral region of the maxilla and the mandible showed significant differences (p <0.0001). Symmetrical distribution of tooth agenesis was found more frequently (54.54%) than assymetrical distribution. Conclusions: The maxillary anterior region and the mandibular lateral region were the most affected by dental agenesis in the permanent dentition of the studied population. The maxilla was more affected than the mandible and bilateral forms of agenesis were more frequently than unilateral forms. The more extreme forms of agenesis were found amongst female
Prevalence and Drug Consumption Habits at the 2011 Peninsula Festival in Tîrgu Mureș
Authors: L Domokos , Z Ábrám , Sz Sebesi , Hajnal Finta 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Introduction: In 2010 Romania was ranked fourth in the European Union regarding the prevalence of ethnobotanical drug use with psychotropic effect. The main purpose of our survey was to collect data on substance use and assess drug consumption habits among participants at the 2011 Peninsula Music Festival in Tîrgu Mureș, Romania. Material and method: The study was carried out as a cross-sectional survey in a sample of 256 persons, using an anonymous, self-administered structured questionnaire, containing questions about the consumption patterns of illegal psychoactive drugs, as well as sociodemographic data which could influence drug consumption (age, gender, educational level, marital status of parents). Results: Ethnobotanical drug consumption had the highest lifetime prevalence (37.7%), the second most often used drug was cannabis (marijuana) with a lifetime prevalence of 35.2%. Males and females differed significantly in the use of marijuana (p = 0.023) and ethnobotanical drugs (p = 0.008) in the last 12 months, male respondents used more of these psychoactive substances. In the case of children with divorced parents the last 12 months marijuana use (p = 0.032) and ethnobotanical drug use (p = 0.013) was significantly higher than in the case of children whose parents were not divorced. Conclusions: The survey results show the importance of the development of health education programs and drug-prevention strategies for vulnerable goups (festival visitors, minors, children with divorced parents)
Assessing the Patient with Abdominal Obesity: Metabolic and Nutritional Factors
Authors: Raluca Pop , M Pop , G Dogaru 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Background: Abdominal obesity is a confirmed cardio-vascular risk factor and the elements influencing it are subject for research and intervention. The available nutritional evaluation methods are time consuming, subjective and a standardized approach is missing. Aim: Standardized evaluation of patients with abdominal obesity. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study on a convenience sample of 85 subjects who presented in the Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the Emergency Mures County Hospital between February - April 2013. Variables: age, sex, environment, BMI, waist, blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol, blood pressure. Each patient filled a food frequency questionnaire. Results: None of the subjects had a “normal” food pyramid. Sex has no influence on the food pyramid. The meat and protein food group is the only one significantly influenced by the environment (p = 0.04). Patients with dyslipidemia consume lower amounts of sweets (1.13 vs. 1.83 servings, p = 0.007). Patients requiring metabolic treatment have significant higher waist values (101.32 vs. 93.07 cm, p=0.03). Patients with simple abdominal obesity consume significant lower amounts of meat and protein and higher amounts of fruit and vegetables. Conclusions: A standardized approach to the patient with abdominal obesity using nutritional assessment tools and metabolic evaluation helps to identify those at risk and to give more tailored recommendations
Correlations Between Regional Accumulation of Calcium in the Culprit Arteries and Plaque Burden in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Beáta Jakó , Theodora Benedek , Zsuzsanna Suciu , I Benedek 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Introduction: The association between a high calcium score at the level of the unstable coronary lesions and the different characteristic of culprit lesions which result in an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been described yet. We aimed to study the correlation between the accumulation of calcium within the vessel wall of a coronary artery and the plaque burden of culprit lesions that develop an acute coronary event. Material and methods: A total of 45 patients with ACS (22 unstable angina, 23 nonST elevation myocardial infarction) underwent 64-slice CCTA. In all patients a complex CT analysis of the culprit plaques was performed and the calcium score for each coronary artery was computed. Results: We found a significant correlation between a calcium score higher than 100 and the plaque volume (r = 0.85. p = 0.01). Selecting a cut-off value of 100 HU for regional calcium score at the level of the coronary artery, we found that those arteries with Ca score higher than 100 presented significantly larger plaque volumes than the ones with calcium score below 100 (110.8 ml vs 82.4 ml, p <0.0001 for left anterior descending artery, 111.09 ml vs 82.5 ml, p = 0.0005 for circumflex artery, and 132.78 ml vs 76.23 ml for right coronary artery). Conclusion: Our data shows that in ACS, the severity of the culprit lesions correlates with regional accumulation of calcium within the vessel wall.
Surrogate Measures of Insulin Resistance in Middle-aged Non-diabetic Subjects
Authors: Katalin Csép 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Objective: Insulin resistance has been shown to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The assessment of insulin sensitivity in the clinical practice, however, faces several difficulties. The study proposes to analyze surrogate measures of insulin resistance based on fasting insulin levels in central Romania, and check whether the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome is an adequate strategy to identify middle-aged persons with reduced insulin sensitivity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements, metabolic profile, and surrogates measures of insulin sensitivity (GIR, HOMA, QUICKI, FIRI, Belfiore, Bennett, Raynaud, McAuley index) based on fasting insulin levels were assessed in 233 non-diabetic middle aged subjects. Results: Cutoff values, determined as the lowest quartile of insulin sensitivity for fasting insulin, HOMA, IRI (1/QUICKI), FIRI and Belfiore's, Bennett's, Raynaud's and McAuley's insulin sensitivity indices were 10.49 mU/L, 2.1, 3.01, 2.32, and 0.03, 1.34, 3.81, 6.29, 5.82. Components of the metabolic syndrome showed moderate but significant correlations with the surrogate measures of insulin resistance (r = 0.22-0.56, p <0.05). HOMA-IR and McAuley indices were the best predictors of clustered cardiometabolic risk factors (AUC - 0.83, 0.81 and 0.82). The metabolic syndrome diagnosis performed well in identifying patients with reduced insulin sensitivity (McAuley 2: sensitivity - 0.78, specificity - 0.84). Conclusion: Fasting insulin derived insulin sensitivity indices may help the recognittion of insulin resistant states predicting cardiometabolic disorders. Actively looking for insulin resistance by these simple indices, or by diagnosing the metabolic syndrome, those at increased risk can be recognized
Considerations Regarding Age at Surgery and Fistula Incidence Using One- and Two-stage Closure for Cleft Palate
Authors: Simona Stoicescu , Dm Enescu 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Introduction: Although cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital malformations, occurring in 1 in 700 live births, there is still no generally accepted treatment protocol. Numerous surgical techniques have been described for cleft palate repair; these techniques can be divided into one-stage (one operation) cleft palate repair and two-stage cleft palate closure. The aim of this study is to present our cleft palate team experience in using the two-stage cleft palate closure and the clinical outcomes in terms of oronasal fistula rate. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on medical records of 80 patients who underwent palate repair over a five-year period, from 2008 to 2012. All cleft palate patients were incorporated. Information on patient’s gender, cleft type, age at repair, one- or two-stage cleft palate repair were collected and analyzed. Results: Fifty-three (66%) and twenty-seven (34%) patients underwent two-stage and one-stage repair, respectively. According to Veau classification, more than 60% of them were Veau III and IV, associating cleft lip to cleft palate. Fistula occurred in 34% of the two-stage repairs versus 7% of one-stage repairs, with an overall incidence of 24%. Conclusions: Our study has shown that a two-stage cleft palate closure has a higher rate of fistula formation when compared with the one-stage repair. Two-stage repair is the protocol of choice in wide complete cleft lip and palate cases, while one-stage procedure is a good option for cleft palate alone, or some specific cleft lip and palate cases (narrow cleft palate, older age at surgery)
Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography for Imaging Coronary Arteriovenous Malformation: a Case Report
Authors: Zsuzsanna Suciu , Beáta Jakó , Theodora Benedek , I Benedek 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Coronary arteriovenous malformation is a rare congenital disease consisting mainly in a direct communication between a coronary artery and any one of the four cardiac chambers, coronary sinus, pulmonary arteries or veins. This disease can lead to various cardiovascular events, their severity depending on the degree of the malformation. Case report: We present the case of a 56-year-old male patient, who was admitted to our institution with dyspnea, palpitation and chest pain, having a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and an abnormal electrocardiogram. Physical examination did not reveal any alterations and the cardiac enzymes were in normal ranges. Cardiac computed tomography was performed before any other invasive studies, with a 64-row scanner (Somatom Sensation multislice 64 equipment, Siemens) after intravenous administration of non-ionic contrast material. CT scan revealed a large (2-2.5 mm) coronary fistula originating from the LAD to the main pulmonary artery, and multiple significant atherosclerotic coronary lesions. Coronary angiography confirmed the arteriovenous malformation between LAD and pulmonary artery, associated with three vascular coronary artery disease. Conclusions: Cardiac computed tomography angiography can help for a non-invasive diagnosis of the coronary artery malformations, in the same time revealing anatomic details which can be particulary useful for choosing the appropriate management strategy (surgical planning, interventional treatment or optimum medical treatment)
The north atlantic oscillation and winter precipitation totals in Slovakia
Authors: Lívia Labudová , Šťastný Pavel , Trizna Milan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the most important circulation phenomenon in the Northern Atlantic which impacts climate in Europe in various ways. Precipitation is a basic climatic element which affects the landscape significantly. Therefore in this paper, the relationship between the NAO and winter precipitation in Slovakia is analysed. A Spearman’s correlation analysis was used, which detected the impacts of NAO on the above-mentioned seasonal precipitation in different regions of Slovakia. The correlation coefficients obtained positive values in the region of Orava and Kysuce and changed to negative ones in a southward direction. The detected zonal configuration can be explained by the topographic barrier effect of the Carpathians
Development of an effective extraction process for coenzyme Q10 from Artemia
Authors: Rujiralai Thitima , Raekasin Nirundorn , Cheewasedtham Wilairat , Cheewasedtham Chonlatee 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA method for extracting coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) from Artemia was developed. 1 g of fresh Artemia was incubated with 75 % acetic acid at (30 ± 2)°C for 24 h, followed by three consecutive extractions with a mixture of 5 mL of hexane and 5 mL of ethanol, then analysis by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector. The calibration curve for CoQ10 was linear in a range of 1–50 μg mL−1. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.3 μg mL−1 and 1.1 μg mL−1, respectively. Mean recoveries were 94–100 % with a high precision of below 10 %. The method developed was found to be simple, efficient and the time required for releasing CoQ10 from Artemia was short. The method provides not only low energy consumption but is also practical for industrial applications.
Pulmonary hamartoma, a rare benign tumour of the lung - Case series
Authors: Tyagi Ruchita , Bal Amamjit , Mahajan Divyesh , Nijhawan Raje , Das Ashim 
Published: March 2014

Introduction - Pulmonary hamartoma, with incidence of 0.25-0.32%, accounts for 6% of solitary pulmonary nodules. The role of radiology is limited as only 10-30% of cases show characteristic ‘popcorn’ calcification and Computed Tomography can detect approximately 50% of hamartomas. Hence cytological and/or histopathological examination is required to make a definitive diagnosis and exclude malignancy. Objective – As pulmonary hamartoma is a rare entity detected serendipitously on radiography and requires cytological and histopathological examination for confirmation of diagnosis, we present nine cases of solitary pulmonary nodules which were diagnosed as pulmonary hamartoma. Methods - We retrospectively screened departmental records and slides and found nine cases of pulmonary hamartoma in our tertiary care institute. Three cases were diagnosed on CT guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and four cases were diagnosed on histopathological examination of surgical specimens, over a period of 16 years (1997-2012). Two cases were incidentally discovered to have pulmonary hamartoma at autopsy. Observations – The age of the patients ranged from 17-63 years (mean-46.3), with male to female ratio being 3.5:1. The size of the hamartoma varied from 0.4 – 1.3 cm, with mean diameter of 1 cm. Cytology showed mixture of bronchial epithelial cells, adipocytes and stromal fragments in fibromyxoid and chondroid background. Histopathology demonstrated lobules of cartilage and adipose tissue with intervening clefts lined by respiratory epithelium and mesenchymal stroma. Conclusion – Every solitary pulmonary nodule is not malignant. It is important to correctly diagnose pulmonary hamartoma, a rare, yet benign neoplasm presenting as a solitary lung nodule and distinguish it from malignancy.Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 112-115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9243
Female Age at Marriage and Their Fertility in Tharu Community
Authors: Yadav Rajkumar 
Published: March 2014

The main objective of this article is to study the age at marriage and their fertility (CEB) based on secondary data. The data were collected by M.A. Population Studies student Mr. Pramanand Chaudhary. He had selected the Tharu community of ward no.5,6 and 8 of Sundarpur VDC of Sarlahi district as a study area in 2006. This article tries to deal with age group, educational status, occupational status, types of family of respondents and their mean age at marriage. Similarly age at marriage educational status, occupational status of respondents and their mean children ever born (CEB) from the selected respondents. Household and respondents were selected with the help of purposive method where the prevalence of the female age at marriage in Tharu community was high. Collected data were analyzed on the basis of table, frequency distribution, percentage and simple statistics.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 33-39 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9982
Insecticidal and Antimicrobial Activity of Triaryl Antimony(V) Derivatives
Authors: Yadav Ram Nath Prasad 
Published: March 2014

This paper is devoted to the biological activity of the triaryl antimony(V) derivatives which deals with insecticidal and antimicrobial activity of tris(pentafluorophenyl)antimony(V) amides, (Rf)3SbL2 (Rf = C6F5; L = NR2: and triaryl antimony(V) carboxylates, Ar3SbL2 (Ar = C6H5, p-CH3C6H4; L = OCOR. All the compounds were found to exhibit moderate to significant biological activity against P. americana (insect), P. auriginosa, S. Aurens and K. Pneumoniae (bacteria), Synnhemp Rosette (virus), Tobacco Mosaic (Virus) and A. niger, A. flavus and E. moniliforme (Fungus). The compounds with fluoro and amide groups are highly active than that of compounds with phenyl, tolyl and carboxylate groups.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 40-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9983
Students' Conflict in Schools
Authors: Thapa Tara Bahadur 
Published: March 2014

This paper is focused on students' conflict in schools and its main propose is to explore the causes and effects of students' conflict in school level. The result revealed that the majority of the students' are included by any types of the conflicts. Reasons for such conflict were: interest of opposite sex, aggressive behavior, teaching learning process and other activities like difference in individual capabilities, difference in their socio-economic backgrounds at home. It was also noted that bulling factors also cause of conflicts and girls are more victimized. The study would help students, teachers, school administrators and academicians as well as policy makers.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 76-80 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9991
Topographic and geometric controls on glacier changes in the central Tien Shan, China, since the Little Ice Age
Authors: Li Yanan , Li Yingkui 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the topographic and geometric controls on glacier changes in area and equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) in the central Tien Shan, China, since the Little Ice Age (LIA). We delineate the extents of 487 modern glaciers and their corresponding maximum LIA glacial advances using satellite imagery in Google Earth, and analyze the relationships between the magnitude of glacier changes and a set of local topographic/geometric factors including glacier area, slope, aspect, shape, hypsometry and mean elevation. Our results show that: (1) glacier area decreased from 460.2 km2 during the LIA to 265.6 km2 in the 2000s (a loss of 42.3%), with an average ELA increase of ~100m; (2) relative area changes of glaciers are strongly affected by two of these local factors (glacier area and mean elevation); and (3) ELA change does not show a strong relationship with local factors, suggesting that it may be controlled mainly by climatic factors. This study provides important insights into the local controls on glacier changes at the centennial timescale, which are of critical importance to assess future glacier changes in this arid and semi-arid region.
Increased cellular brevetoxins in the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis under CO2 limitation of growth rate: Evolutionary implications and potential effects on bloom toxicity
Authors: Hardison D. Ransom , Sunda William G. , Tester Patricia A. , Shea Damian , Litaker Wayne R. 
Published: March 2014

Karenia brevis blooms impair human health, marine ecosystems, and coastal economies in the Gulf of Mexico via their production of carbon‐based neurotoxins (brevetoxins), which contain no nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P). N and P limitation of growth rate substantially increases brevetoxins in this dinoflagellate, consistent with predictions of the carbon nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis. This hypothesis further predicts that an increase in carbon‐based brevetoxins should not occur if growth rate is limited by carbon dioxide (CO2). We tested this prediction by examining the effect of CO2 limitation of K. brevis growth rate on cellular brevetoxins. In contradiction to the prediction of the CNB hypothesis, brevetoxins normalized to cell carbon were on average 81% higher in CO2‐limited cells growing at a rate of 0.1 d−1 than in cells growing at their maximum rates (0.4–0.5 d−1). This increase in brevetoxin : C values in the CO2‐limited cells, however, was 23–42% lower than that previously observed for comparable growth rate limitation by phosphate. The CO2‐limited cells also exhibited 40% higher cellular N : C and 60–100% higher chlorophyll a : C than observed in P‐limited cells at equivalent growth rates. These effects were likely due to the up‐regulation of the cell's CO2‐concentrating mechanism under CO2 limitation, which increased the demand for photosynthetically produced adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate. The results indicate that anthropogenic increases in CO2 concentrations in surface ocean waters are likely to increase the toxicity of K. brevis blooms due to potential increases in bloom biomass yield and to a greater likelihood that dense blooms will become N or P limited rather than CO2 limited.
Dominance of unicellular cyanobacteria in the diazotrophic community in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Agawin Nona S. R. , Benavides Mar , Busquets Antonio , Ferriol Pere , Stal Lucas J. , Arístegui Javier 
Published: March 2014

The horizontal and vertical distribution of representatives of diazotrophic unicellular cyanobacteria was investigated in the subtropical northeast Atlantic Ocean (28.87 to 42.00°N; 9.01 to 20.02°W). Samples from stations encompassing different water conditions (from oceanic oligotrophic waters to upwelling areas and a temperature range of 13.1°C to 24.2°C) were size fractionated and analyzed for nifH by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by tyramide signal amplification—fluorescence in situ hybridization (TSA‐FISH) using probe Nitro821. In samples from the surface, mixed‐layer depth, and deep chlorophyll maximum waters, most (> 50%) of the nifH recovered was from the 0.2–3 µm fraction and was consistent with TSA‐FISH counts. The < 3 µm Nitro821‐positive cells were more abundant than the larger cells, and the proportion of single cells was larger than that associated with particulate matter or with larger cells. Phylogenetic analysis of representative samples revealed that most of the sequences belong to diazotrophic unicellular cyanobacteria Group A (UCYN‐A or Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa). N2 fixation in the 0.2–3 µm fraction, putatively representing the activity of UCYN‐A, contributed more than 50% of the total N2 fixation. There was a positive relationship of this putative UCYN‐A abundance and activity with temperature, and a negative relationship with dissolved O2. The dominance of these putative UCYN‐A organisms in nitrate‐rich upwelling filament regions suggests that the activity of this group of organisms may not be strongly controlled by the availability of fixed N.