bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Potency of Two Novel Bispyridinium Oximes (K456, K458) in Comparison with Oxime K203 and Trimedoxime to Counteract Tabun‐Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Kassa Jiri , Misik Jan , Karasova Jana Z. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ability of two newly developed bispyridinium oximes (K456, K458) to reduce tabun‐induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms was compared with oxime K203 and trimedoxime using the functional observational battery. The neuroprotective effects of the oximes studied combined with atropine on rats poisoned with tabun at a sublethal dose (200 μg/kg i.m.; 85% of LD50 value) were evaluated. Tabun‐induced neurotoxicity was monitored by the functional observational battery and automatic measurement of motor activity at 2 hr after tabun challenge. The results indicate that all tested oximes combined with atropine enable tabun‐poisoned rats to survive till the end of experiment. Both newly developed oximes (K456, K458) combined with atropine were able to decrease tabun‐induced neurotoxicity in the case of sublethal poisonings although they did not eliminate all tabun‐induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms. Their ability to decrease tabun‐induced acute neurotoxicity was slightly higher than that of trimedoxime and oxime K203, but the difference in neuroprotective efficacy among all oximes studied is not large enough to make a decision about replacement of commonly used oximes (especially trimedoxime and obidoxime) in the treatment of acute tabun poisonings.
Daniel has fallen into a muddy puddle – Schadenfreude or sympathy?
Authors: Schulz Katrin , Rudolph Almut , Tscharaktschiew Nadine , Rudolph Udo 
Published: May 2013

The present study investigated the experience of schadenfreude among children. Participants were 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children (n = 100) who were told stories of another child experiencing a misfortune while pursuing a morally positive versus morally negative goal. Schadenfreude, sympathy, and helping behaviour towards the suffering child were assessed. Results showed that beginning at the age of 4, emotional and behavioural reactions towards a misfortune of another child were predicted by the moral valence of the other child's goal. Furthermore, morally negative goals decreased helping behaviour and morally positive goals increased helping behaviour. Multilevel mediation analysis revealed that the relation between goal valence and helping behaviour was mediated by both schadenfreude and sympathy. However, those effects were especially pronounced in older children.
The role of potential mediators in racial inequalities in tooth loss: the Pró‐Saúde study
Authors: Celeste Roger Keller , Gonçalves Letícia Gomes , Faerstein Eduardo , Bastos João Luiz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relation between race and tooth loss, as well as the influence of socioeconomic factors, health behaviours, routine dental care and self‐reported discrimination on this association.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study with data collected from the baseline of the Pró‐Saúde Study (Rio de Janeiro/Brazil), among 3253 civil servants in 1999–2001. Race was measured as self‐reported skin colour (Black/Brown/White). The outcome was self‐reported tooth loss, measured in four ordered categories (none/one or few/many/all or almost all). Three mediating pathways were explored between race and tooth loss. The first included self‐reported discrimination assessed with a five‐item scale. The second pathway included behavioural factors: routine dental care, marital status, smoking and alcohol consumption. The third considered socioeconomic factors: income, education, maternal education and early life poverty. Confounding factors were age and sex. Statistical analyses were carried out with ordinal logistic regression.ResultsAbsence of all or almost all teeth was reported by 8% of respondents. White individuals comprised 53% of the population, followed by Browns (26%) and Blacks (22%). After adjustment, Blacks had an odds ratio of being in a higher category of missing teeth equal to 1.39 (95% CI 1.12–1.72), and Browns, 1.33 (95% CI 1.10–1.60), when compared to Whites. Age, sex and socioeconomic variables explained most of racial inequalities in tooth loss, while behavioural and discrimination variables contributed very little. Behavioural and socioeconomic variables were associated with tooth loss, while discrimination was not. No statistically significant interactions were found.ConclusionsThere is an association between race and tooth loss that is mainly explained by current and early life socioeconomic variables, but not by behavioural factors and self‐reported discrimination.
Physics Storyboards
Authors: Ha Sehoon , McCann Jim , Liu C. Karen , Popović Jovan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPhysical simulation and other procedural methods are increasingly popular tools in interactive applications because they generate complex and reactive behaviors given only a few parameter settings. This automation accelerates initial implementation, but also introduces a need to tune the available parameters until the desired behaviors emerge. These adjustments are typically performed iteratively, with the designer repeatedly running—and interacting with—the procedural animation with different parameter settings. Such a process is inaccurate, time consuming, and requires deep understanding and intuition, as parameters often have complex, nonlinear effects.Instead, we propose that designers construct physics storyboards to accelerate the process of tuning interactive, procedural animations. Physics storyboards are collections of space‐time snapshots that highlight critical events and outcomes. They can be used to summarize the effects of parameter changes (without requiring the designer to perform extensive play‐testing); and—when augmented with designer‐provided evaluation functions—allow automatic parameter selection. We describe our implementation of this method, including how we use sampling to ensure that our automatically‐selected parameters generalize, and how we time‐warp user input to adapt it to changing parameters. We validate our implementation by using it to perform various design tasks in three example games.
Gaze‐driven Object Tracking for Real Time Rendering
Authors: Mantiuk R. , Bazyluk B. , Mantiuk R. K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTo efficiently deploy eye‐tracking within 3D graphics applications, we present a new probabilistic method that predicts the patterns of user's eye fixations in animated 3D scenes from noisy eye‐tracker data. The proposed method utilises both the eye‐tracker data and the known information about the 3D scene to improve the accuracy, robustness and stability. Eye‐tracking can thus be used, for example, to induce focal cues via gaze‐contingent depth‐of‐field rendering, add intuitive controls to a video game, and create a highly reliable scene‐aware saliency model. The computed probabilities rely on the consistency of the gaze scan‐paths to the position and velocity of a moving or stationary target. The temporal characteristic of eye fixations is imposed by a Hidden Markov model, which steers the solution towards the most probable fixation patterns. The derivation of the algorithm is driven by the data from two eye‐tracking experiments: the first experiment provides actual eye‐tracker readings and the position of the target to be tracked. The second experiment is used to derive a JND‐scaled (Just Noticeable Difference) quality metric that quantifies the perceived loss of quality due to the errors of the tracking algorithm. Data from both experiments are used to justify design choices, and to calibrate and validate the tracking algorithms. This novel method outperforms commonly used fixation algorithms and is able to track objects smaller then the nominal error of an eye‐tracker.
Smart Variations: Functional Substructures for Part Compatibility
Authors: Zheng Youyi , Cohen‐Or Daniel , Mitra Niloy J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAs collections of 3D models continue to grow, reusing model parts allows generation of novel model variations. Naïvely swapping parts across models, however, leads to implausible results, especially when mixing parts across different model families. Hence, the user has to manually ensure that the final model remains functionally valid. We claim that certain symmetric functional arrangements (sFarr‐s), which are special arrangements among symmetrically related substructures, bear close relation to object functions. Hence, we propose a purely geometric approach based on such substructures to match, replace, and position triplets of parts to create non‐trivial, yet functionally plausible, model variations. We demonstrate that starting even from a small set of models such a simple geometric approach can produce a diverse set of non‐trivial and plausible model variations.
Surface Reconstruction through Point Set Structuring
Authors: Lafarge Florent , Alliez Pierre 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a method for reconstructing surfaces from point sets. The main novelty lies in a structure‐preserving approach where the input point set is first consolidated by structuring and resampling the planar components, before reconstructing the surface from both the consolidated components and the unstructured points. The final surface is obtained through solving a graph‐cut problem formulated on the 3D Delaunay triangulation of the structured point set where the tetrahedra are labeled as inside or outside cells. Structuring facilitates the surface reconstruction as the point set is substantially reduced and the points are enriched with structural meaning related to adjacency between primitives. Our approach departs from the common dichotomy between smooth/piecewise‐smooth and primitive‐based representations by gracefully combining canonical parts from detected primitives and free‐form parts of the inferred shape. Our experiments on a variety of inputs illustrate the potential of our approach in terms of robustness, flexibility and efficiency.
ArtiSketch: A System for Articulated Sketch Modeling
Authors: Levi Zohar , Gotsman Craig 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present ArtiSketch – a system which allows the conversion of a wealth of existing 2D content into 3D content by users who do not necessarily possess artistic skills. Using ArtiSketch, a novice user may describe a 3D model as a set of articulated 2D sketches of a shape from different viewpoints. ArtiSketch then automatically converts the sketches to an articulated 3D object. Using common interactive tools, the user provides an initial estimate of the 3D skeleton pose for each frame, which ArtiSketch refines to be consistent between frames. This skeleton may then be manipulated independently to generate novel poses of the 3D model.
Capture and Statistical Modeling of Arm‐Muscle Deformations
Authors: Neumann T. , Varanasi K. , Hasler N. , Wacker M. , Magnor M. , Theobalt C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a comprehensive data‐driven statistical model for skin and muscle deformation of the human shoulder‐arm complex. Skin deformations arise from complex bio‐physical effects such as non‐linear elasticity of muscles, fat, and connective tissue; and vary with physiological constitution of the subjects and external forces applied during motion. Thus, they are hard to model by direct physical simulation. Our alternative approach is based on learning deformations from multiple subjects performing different exercises under varying external forces. We capture the training data through a novel multi‐camera approach that is able to reconstruct fine‐scale muscle detail in motion. The resulting reconstructions from several people are aligned into one common shape parametrization, and learned using a semi‐parametric non‐linear method. Our learned data‐driven model is fast, compact and controllable with a small set of intuitive parameters – pose, body shape and external forces, through which a novice artist can interactively produce complex muscle deformations. Our method is able to capture and synthesize fine‐scale muscle bulge effects to a greater level of realism than achieved previously. We provide quantitative and qualitative validation of our method.
Fabrication‐aware Design with Intersecting Planar Pieces
Authors: Schwartzburg Yuliy , Pauly Mark 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe propose a computational design approach to generate 3D models composed of interlocking planar pieces. We show how intricate 3D forms can be created by sliding the pieces into each other along straight slits, leading to a simple construction that does not require glue, screws, or other means of support. To facilitate the design process, we present an abstraction model that formalizes the main geometric constraints imposed by fabrication and assembly, and incorporates conditions on the rigidity of the resulting structure. We show that the tight coupling of constraints makes manual design highly nontrivial and introduce an optimization method to automate constraint satisfaction based on an analysis of the constraint relation graph. This algorithm ensures that the planar parts can be fabricated and assembled. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by creating 3D toy models, an architectural design study, and several examples of functional furniture.
Interactive Exploration and Flattening of Deformed Historical Documents
Authors: Pal Kazim , Terras Melissa , Weyrich Tim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present an interactive application for browsing severely damaged documents and other cultural artefacts. Such documents often contain strong geometric distortions such as wrinkling, buckling, and shrinking and cannot be flattened physically due to the high risk of causing further damage. Previous methods for virtual restoration involve globally flattening a 3D reconstruction of the document to produce a static image. We show how this global approach can fail in cases of severe geometric distortion, and instead propose an interactive viewer which allows a user to browse a document while dynamically flattening only the local region under inspection. Our application also records the provenance of the reconstruction by displaying the reconstruction side by side with the original image data.
Geometry‐Aware Volume‐of‐Fluid Method
Authors: Cho Junghyun , Ko Hyeong‐Seok 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present a new framework to simulate moving interfaces in viscous incompressible two phase flows. The goal is to achieve both conservation of the fluid volume and a detailed reconstruction of the fluid surface. To these ends, we incorporate sub‐grid refinement of the level set with the volume‐of‐fluid method. In the context of this refined level set grid we propose the algorithms needed for the coupling of the level set and the volume‐of‐fluid, which include techniques for computing volume, redistancing the level set, and handling surface tension. We report the experimental results produced with the proposed method via simulations of the two phase fluid phenomena such as air‐cushioning and deforming large bubbles.
Sharpening Out of Focus Images using High‐Frequency Transfer
Authors: Tao Michael W. , Malik Jitendra , Ramamoorthi Ravi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFocus misses are common in image capture, such as when the camera or the subject moves rapidly in sports and macro photography. One option to sharpen focus‐missed photographs is through single image deconvolution, but high‐frequency data cannot be fully recovered; therefore, artifacts such as ringing and amplified noise become apparent. We propose a new method that uses assisting, similar but different, sharp image(s) provided by the user (such as multiple images of the same subject in different positions captured using a burst of photographs). Our first contribution is to theoretically analyze the errors in three sources of data—a slightly sharpened original input image that we call the target, single image deconvolution with an aggressive inverse filter, and warped assisting image(s) registered using optical flow. We show that these three sources have different error characteristics, depending on image location and frequency band (for example, aggressive deconvolution is more accurate in high‐frequency regions like edges). Next, we describe a practical method to compute these errors, given we have no ground truth and cannot easily work in the Fourier domain. Finally, we select the best source of data for a given pixel and scale in the Laplacian pyramid. We accurately transfer high‐frequency data to the input, while minimizing artifacts. We demonstrate sharpened results on out‐of‐focus images in macro, sports, portrait and wildlife photography.
Sifted Disks
Authors: Ebeida Mohamed S. , Mahmoud Ahmed H. , Awad Muhammad A. , Mohammed Mohammed A. , Mitchell Scott A. , Rand Alexander , Owens John D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe introduce the Sifted Disk technique for locally resampling a point cloud in order to reduce the number of points. Two neighboring points are removed and we attempt to find a single random point that is sufficient to replace them both. The resampling respects the original sizing function; In that sense it is not a coarsening. The angle and edge length guarantees of a Delaunay triangulation of the points are preserved. The sifted point cloud is still suitable for texture synthesis because the Fourier spectrum is largely unchanged. We provide an efficient algorithm, and demonstrate that sifting uniform Maximal Poisson‐disk Sampling (MPS) and Delaunay Refinement (DR) points reduces the number of points by about 25%, and achieves a density about 1/3 more than the theoretical minimum. We show two‐dimensional stippling and meshing applications to demonstrate the significance of the concept.
Influence of Implant transmucosal design on early peri‐implant tissue responses in beagle dogs
Authors: Huh Jung‐Bo , Rheu Gun‐Bak , Kim Young‐Soo , Jeong Chang‐Mo , Lee Jeong‐Yeol , Shin Sang‐Wan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study was undertaken to evaluate the influences of concave, machined and concave‐roughened profiles of transmucosal implant designs on early peri‐implant tissue responses.Materials and MethodsImplants were used and classified by transmucosal profile and surface type as straight‐machined implants (SM), concave‐machined implants (CM), or concave‐roughened implants (CR). A total of 30 implants (10 per each type) with matching transmucosal profiles were placed directly on alveolar crests in randomized order in the edentulous mandibular ridges of three beagle dogs. Healing abutments were connected 4 weeks after implant placement, and prostheses were connected 8 weeks after implant placement and functionally loaded. All animals were sacrificed at 16 weeks. Peri‐apical radiographs were obtained and measured to evaluate peri‐implant marginal bone levels. Histological specimens were prepared to measure bone resorption, connective tissue contact, epithelial tissue height, biological width, and length of implant‐abutment junction to the apical portion of junctional epithelium.ResultsRadiographic and histometric analysis showed that least bone resorption occurred around CM implants and greatest bone resorption around SM implants (P < 0.05). Histometric analysis showed that highest connective tissue attachment and shortest biological width had formed around CM implants.ConclusionConcave‐machined profiled implants with a transmucosal design may induce less bone resorption and better connective tissue attachment around implants than the straight‐machined profiled implants during the early healing phase.
Prospective evaluation of reliability of cone‐beam computed tomography in detecting different position of vibroplasty middle ear implants
Authors: Güldner C. , Heinrichs J. , Weiß R. , Eivazi B. , Bien S. , Teymoortash A. , Werner J.A. , Diogo I. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThis study had the following objectives: (i) to determine the accuracy of determination of Vibrant Soundbridge position in the spectrum of typically implanted sites in the middle ear, (ii) to assess interobserver agreement between three observers with different levels of radiology experience and (iii) to determine the suitability of cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) to be used as the baseline radiological assessment post implantation, confirm ferromagnetic transducer (FMT) position.DesignProspective research study. Using four fresh human cadaveric heads, different types of vibroplasty were performed. After each step, cone‐beam CT was performed for each of the four cadaveric heads.SettingUniversity hospital (ENT and Neuroradiology).ParticipantsFour fresh cadaveric heads of human donors were operated and analysed by radiological imaging.Main outcome measuresThere are different ways of coupling an ferromagnetic transducer to the anatomical structures of the middle and inner ear. Possibilities of differentiation between these coupling variants should be presented.ResultsThe individual reconstruction view was significantly different from a standardised view for each observer (observer 1: P = 0.003; observer 2: P = 0.001; observer 3: P = 0.002) for all coupling variants combined as well as for each individual coupling variant (overall correct diagnosis: 100% versus 60%). Regarding the frequency of correct diagnosis, no significant differences were found between the three observers (P > 0.500) for each individual coupling variant as well as for all coupling variants combined. The worst rates of correct diagnosis were found in the standardised view for incus (42%), stapes (0%) and TORP (17%) vibroplasty.ConclusionCone‐beam CT as a radiological control for Vibrant Soundbridge is safe and adequately sensitive and reliable and is therefore suitable for clinical investigation. The position of the ferromagnetic transducer in the middle ear and the presence or absence of an additional coupler could be determined in this study. Therefore, cone‐beam‐CT is useful for the assessment of device failure when there has been gross displacement of the ferromagnetic transducer (or smaller displacements in case of a baseline postoperative cone‐beam CT). Regarding the quality of imaging, cone‐beam CT produced accurate results with different observers with widely varying radiological experience.