bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in daily milk yield associated with subclinical bovine herpesvirus 1 infection
Authors: Statham J. M. E. , Randall L. V. , Archer S. C. 
Published: September 2015

The aim of this observational cohort study was to investigate the potential economic impact of subclinical bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV‐1) infection in a commercial UK dairy herd in terms of milk yield depression. Infection status of cows (infected or not infected) was assigned from serology on a single occasion. A multi‐level linear model was used to evaluate the impact of infection status on milk production, using milk records that were routinely collected over two years. BoHV‐1 seropositive cows produced 2.6 kg/day less milk over the study period compared with cows that were seronegative. This result highlights the importance of appropriate management of risks associated with subclinical infection with BoHV‐1 as part of proactive herd health and production management.
X(3872), IG(JPC) = 0+(1++), as the χc1(2P) charmonium
Authors: Achasov N. N. , Rogozina E. V. 
Published: September 2015

Contrary to almost standard opinion that the [Formula: see text]) resonance is the [Formula: see text] molecule or the [Formula: see text] four-quark state, we discuss the scenario where the [Formula: see text] resonance is the [Formula: see text] charmonium which “sits on” the [Formula: see text] threshold. We explain the shift of the mass of the [Formula: see text] resonance with respect to the prediction of a potential model for the mass of the [Formula: see text] charmonium by the contribution of the virtual [Formula: see text] intermediate states into the self energy of the [Formula: see text] resonance. This allows us to estimate the coupling constant of the [Formula: see text] resonance with the [Formula: see text] channel, the branching ratio of the [Formula: see text] decay, and the branching ratio of the [Formula: see text] decay into all non-[Formula: see text] states. We predict a significant number of unknown decays of [Formula: see text] via two gluon: [Formula: see text]. We suggest a physically clear program of experimental researches for verification of our assumption.
Kinetic Modeling and Constrained Reconstruction of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-Pyruvate Offers Improved Metabolic Imaging of Tumors
Authors: Bankson James A. , Walker Christopher M. , Ramirez Marc S. , Stefan Wolfgang , Fuentes David , Merritt Matthew E. , Lee Jaehyuk , Sandulache Vlad C. , Chen Yunyun , Phan Liem , Chou Ping-Chieh , Rao Arvind , Yeung Sai-Ching J. , Lee Mong-Hong , Schellingerhout Dawid , Conrad Charles A. , Malloy Craig , Sherry A. Dean , Lai Stephen Y. , Hazle John D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate has shown tremendous promise as an agent for imaging tumor metabolism with unprecedented sensitivity and specificity. Imaging hyperpolarized substrates by magnetic resonance is unlike traditional MRI because signals are highly transient and their spatial distribution varies continuously over their observable lifetime. Therefore, new imaging approaches are needed to ensure optimal measurement under these circumstances. Constrained reconstruction algorithms can integrate prior information, including biophysical models of the substrate/target interaction, to reduce the amount of data that is required for image analysis and reconstruction. In this study, we show that metabolic MRI with hyperpolarized pyruvate is biased by tumor perfusion and present a new pharmacokinetic model for hyperpolarized substrates that accounts for these effects. The suitability of this model is confirmed by statistical comparison with alternates using data from 55 dynamic spectroscopic measurements in normal animals and murine models of anaplastic thyroid cancer, glioblastoma, and triple-negative breast cancer. The kinetic model was then integrated into a constrained reconstruction algorithm and feasibility was tested using significantly undersampled imaging data from tumor-bearing animals. Compared with naïve image reconstruction, this approach requires far fewer signal-depleting excitations and focuses analysis and reconstruction on new information that is uniquely available from hyperpolarized pyruvate and its metabolites, thus improving the reproducibility and accuracy of metabolic imaging measurements. Cancer Res; 75(22); 4708–17. ©2015 AACR.
The efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in altering pregnancy outcome in women with antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Sciascia Savino , Branch D. Ware , Levy Roger A. , Middeldorp Saskia , Pavord Sue , Roccatello Dario , Ruiz-Irastorza Guillermo , Tincani Angela , Khamashta Munther , Schreiber Karen , Hunt Beverley J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe use of low-dose aspirin and heparinoids has improved the pregnancy outcome in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, current treatment fails in 20–30 % of APS pregnancies, raising the need to explore other treatments to improve obstetrical outcome. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used in patients with autoimmune diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-aggregant and immune-regulatory properties. Evidence from in vitro and animal models suggests a potential protective effect of HCQ in obstetric APS. Pending the availability of prospective trials, we aimed to systematically review the available evidence and to assess the clinical judgment of a panel of experts regarding the use of HCQ in improving pregnancy outcome in women with anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). Clinical data on the ability of HCQ to improve pregnancy outcome in women with aPL are very limited in the available literature. Only one cohort study evaluating maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy in patients with SLE who were exposed to HCQ was identified. Four of 14 (29 %) treated with HCQ patients had pregnancy failure, compared with six of 24 (25 %) of patients not treated with HCQ. However, the effect of HCQ was not adjusted for the use of other medications such as aspirin, heparins or steroids. Selected experts were contacted by e-mail and asked to review the summary of the evidence provided by the working group and to briefly answer each of the proposed questions. Overall, the panel of experts agreed that adding HCQ could be considered in selected cases or after failure of standard treatment with aspirin and a heparin agent. Specifically, the majority of experts considered adding HCQ in specific scenarios, such as women with previous thrombosis (either arterial and/or venous), and/or with previous ischaemic placenta-mediated complications. Prospective studies are necessary before the use of HCQ during pregnancy in women with aPL should be routinely recommended for clinical practice.
Shortwave TOA Cloud Radiative Forcing Derived from a Long-Term (1980–Present) Record of Satellite UV Reflectivity and CERES Measurements
Authors: Weaver Clark , Herman Jay , Labow Gordon , Larko David , Huang L.-K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A 34-yr record of shortwave top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative cloud forcing is derived from UV Lambertian equivalent reflectivity (LER) data constructed using measured upwelling radiances from the Nimbus-7 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) and from seven NOAA SBUV/2 instruments on polar-orbiting satellites. The approach is to scale the dimensionless UV LER data to match the CERES shortwave cloud radiative forcing when they are concurrent (2000–13). The underlying trends of this new longer-term CERES-like data record are solely based on the UV LER record. The good agreement between trends and anomalies of the CERES-like and CERES shortwave cloud forcing records during the overlapping data period supports using this new dataset for extended climate studies. The estimated linear trend for the shortwave TOA radiative forcing due to clouds from 60°S to 60°N is +1.47 W m−2 with a 0.11 uncertainty at the 95% confidence level over the 34-yr period 1980–2013.
A pilot before-and-after study of a brief teaching programme for psychiatry trainees in mentalizing skills
Authors: Polnay Adam , MacLean Claire , Lewington Emma , Patrick Jon 
Published: September 2015

Background and aims Negative attitudes in clinicians towards people with personality disorder are common and associated with poor care. National guidelines recommend developing interventions to improve attitudes. Mentalization-based treatment theory and techniques provide a plausible intervention. We therefore evaluated the effect of teaching mentalizing skills on clinicians’ attitudes towards personality disorder. Methods Pilot before-and-after study of trainee psychiatrists receiving four teaching sessions in mentalizing skills. Self-report questionnaires were completed at baseline and post teaching programme. Main outcome measure Attitudes to Personality Disorder Questionnaire. Secondary measure Knowledge and Application of Mentalization-based treatment Questionnaire. Results Sixteen doctors were recruited with no study drop-out. Mean Attitudes to Personality Disorder Questionnaire score was superior post teaching programme versus baseline (135.3 vs. 124.5, standardised mean difference = 0.72, 95% confidence interval = 0.01 to 1.44). Mean Knowledge and Application of Mentalization-based treatment Questionnaire score was superior post teaching programme versus baseline (112.5 vs. 97.1, standardised mean difference = 1.83, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 2.67). Conclusions As expected from a pilot study, the estimate of effect is imprecise. Within this limitation, our findings suggest that teaching in mentalizing skills improved attitudes and mentalization-based treatment knowledge to a clinically relevant degree. This has important implications for patient outcomes and staff development. Our study paves the way for a full-scale study to provide more precise and robust evidence.
Inter- and intraobserver agreement in detection of testicular microlithiasis with ultrasonography
Authors: Pedersen Malene Roland , Graumann Ole , Hørlyck Arne , Duus Louise Aarup , Jørgensen Mette Marie B , Vagn-Hansen Chris , Holst René , Rafaelsen Søren Rafael 
Published: September 2015

Background Ultrasonography of the testis is a well-established diagnostic tool in detection of testicular microlithiasis (TML). Operator-dependent diagnostic variation related to skill, knowledge, and operator consistency are factors that influence detection of TML. Purpose To determine inter- and intraobserver agreement for detection of TML using ultrasonography for a group of physicians with no or limited experience compared to a group of experience senior radiologists. Material and Methods Between May and September 2014 a total of six observers evaluated 34 patients scrotal ultrasonography recorded from September to December 2013. The observers were blinded to patient history and previous ultrasonography. Three of the observers had no or limited experience with detection of TML, and three of the observers had more than 15 years of experience. Each observer reviewed all the scrotal ultrasonography recordings twice with a time interval of 3 months. Results The inter-observer agreement showed substantial agreement and up to almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.86). Both the experienced and less experienced observers had a higher agreement in detecting and grading TML in their second reading. Conclusion The ultrasonography grading system of TML in this study showed to be reproducible, with an inter- and intraobserver agreement ranging between substantial agreement and up to almost perfect agreement with many years of experience not necessarily being essential.
The management of children and family social workers in England: Reflecting upon the meaning and provision of support
Authors: Harlow Elizabeth 
Published: September 2015

Summary In England in 2010, the then Children’s Workforce Development Council introduced an initiative which aimed to support front line social work managers in the performance of their role. This article reflects on the way in which support was interpreted and implemented by the Children’s Workforce Development Council and the local authorities that participated in the project, but also the relevance of the project for the social work profession in England at the time. Findings The construction and implementation of the ‘Support to Front Line Managers Project’ was negotiated, iterative and contingent. However, in keeping with the aims of the project, relational and reflective methods of developing supervisory skills were deployed by local authorities. Applications In acknowledging the limitations of techno-rational systems of management, this article offers an interpretive case study of a national initiative which encouraged investment in reflective and relational approaches to performance enhancement. It highlights the interest in coaching, mentoring and action learning as developmental techniques, but also the significance of supervision to the identity of social work as a profession.
Outcomes After Lumbar Disc Herniation in the National Basketball Association
Authors: Minhas Shobhit V. , Kester Benjamin S. , Hsu Wellington K. 
Published: September 2015

Background: Professional basketball players are at risk for lumbar disc herniation (LDH), yet the evidence guiding treatment after operative or nonoperative management of this condition in the National Basketball Association (NBA) is limited. Hypothesis: NBA players with LDH will have different performance outcomes based on treatment type. Study Design: Case-control study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Athletes in the NBA with an LDH were identified through team injury reports, transaction records, and public sports archives. A 1:2 case-control study was performed in which LDH players and players without LDH were matched for player variables. Statistical analysis was employed to compare pre- and postindex season performance (games played and player efficiency rating [PER]) and career longevity between test subjects and controls in the operatively treated (OT) and nonoperatively treated (NOT) cohorts. Results: A total of 61 NBA players with LDH were included, of whom 34 underwent discectomy and 27 were managed nonoperatively. Return-to-play (RTP) rates did not differ between NOT and OT players (77.8% vs 79.4%). When compared with controls, OT players played significantly fewer games and had a lower PER than controls during the first postoperative season, but no difference was seen 2 and 3 years after surgery, with no difference in postoperative career length. In contrast, no difference in games played or PER was seen between NOT players and controls, although NOT players played significantly fewer postindex seasons. Conclusion: NBA players have a high RTP rate regardless of type of treatment for LDH; however, postindex performance differs between surgically and nonoperatively managed patients when compared with players without an LDH. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required for more definitive recommendations. Clinical Relevance: There is a high RTP rate after LDH in the NBA, although postindex performance may differ based on operative versus nonoperative treatment.
The Development of Humeral Retrotorsion and Its Relationship to Throwing Sports
Authors: Greenberg Elliot M. , Fernandez-Fernandez Alicia , Lawrence J. Todd R. , McClure Philip 
Published: September 2015

Context: Several investigations have noted that throwing athletes exhibit a more posteriorly oriented humeral head (humeral retrotorsion) in the dominant arm. This asymmetry is believed to represent an adaptive response to the stress of throwing that occurs during childhood. The significance of this alteration and factors that affect its development are currently not clear. Evidence Acquisition: Basic science, research studies, and review articles were searched through PubMed with search terms including humeral torsion, humeral retrotorsion, and with 1 of the following: pediatric, adult, baseball, pitching, shoulder, and range of motion. The references from each article were reviewed for further inclusion. This review included articles through March 2015. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: The throwing motion creates stressors that result in bony adaptations that occur while skeletally immature. These osseous changes likely contribute to the observed shift in the arc of rotational range of motion noted in throwing athletes and may play a protective role against injury. However, too much or too little retrotorsion may predispose the shoulder to injury. The degree of “optimal” humeral retrotorsion and factors that influence its development are not fully understood. Conclusion: Evidence supports the assertion that the throwing motion creates stressors that alter bony anatomy while young. It is important to determine what specific factors affect this adaptation and its relationship to injury.
Intraspecific lineage divergence and its association with reproductive trait change during species range expansion in central Eurasian wild wheat Aegilops tauschii Coss. (Poaceae)
Authors: Matsuoka Yoshihiro , Takumi Shigeo , Kawahara Taihachi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundHow species ranges form in landscapes is a matter of long-standing evolutionary interest. However, little is known about how natural phenotypic variations of ecologically important traits contribute to species range expansion. In this study, we examined the phylogeographic patterns of phenotypic changes in life history (seed production) and phenological (flowering time) traits during the range expansion ofAegilops tauschiiCoss. from the Transcaucasus and Middle East to central Asia.ResultsOur comparative analyses of the patterns of natural variations for those traits and their association with the intraspecific lineage structure showed that (1) the eastward expansion to Asia was driven by an intraspecific sublineage (named TauL1b), (2) high seed production ability likely had an important role at the initial dispersal stage of TauL1b’s expansion to Asia, and (3) the phenological change to early flowering phenotypes was one of the key adaptation events for TauL1b to further expand its range in Asia.ConclusionsThis study provides for the first time a broad picture of the process ofAe. tauschii’s eastward range expansion in which life history and phenological traits may have had respective roles in its dispersal and adaptation in Asia. The clear association of seed production and flowering time patterns with the intraspecific lineage divergence found in this study invites further genetic research to bring the mechanistic understanding of the changes in these key functional traits during range expansion within reach.
Tissue engineering in burn scar reconstruction
Authors: van Zuijlen PPM , Gardien KLM , Jaspers MEH , Bos EJ , Baas DC , van Trier AJM , Middelkoop E 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Nowadays, most patients with severe burns will survive their injury. This evolution is accompanied by the challenge to cover a large percentage of total body surface area burned. Consequently, more and more patients have to deal with the sequelae of burn scars and require (multiple) reconstructions. This review provides a gross overview of developments in the field of tissue engineering for permanent burn wound coverage and reconstructive burn surgery, focusing on usage and clinical effectiveness. Not only skin substitutes will be discussed but also the replacement of subcutaneous fat tissue and cartilage.
The comparative analisys of Polish monetary policy with the monetary rule for the years 1995-2007
Authors: Ryczkowski Maciej 
Published: September 2015

Poland’s monetary policy and the monetary rule are very similar according to the research and econometrical model. Both strategies result in the same outcomes in many fields. Both aim to guarantee low inflation and long-term economic growth. The difference is that in Poland, the control of supply of money is carried out by controlling inflation instead of direct control of monetary aggregates as in monetary rule. Summarazing, there is no need to separate control of money’s supply in the targeting inflation system, as it is done as a “side effect”.
The consequences of subprime crisis for the Polish economy
Authors: Gierczyńska Kornelia , Wojciechowski Andrzej 
Published: September 2015

In march 2008 the situation on the mortgage market was called a crisis. Many companies collapsed, including New Century Financial Corporation – the biggest credit company in the United States. After few months this virus infected other countries including Poland. The purpose of this article is to show the background of the subprime mortgage crisis and the possible outcomes for the Polish economy. The first part is trying to find out what are the causes and course of this financial breakdown. That part is mainly focused on subprime loans and its significance to this crisis. After that paper contain information about the main channel of infestation, the securitization of the debt by the banks and selling the securities to the investors all over the world. The next chapter contains the data about the impact that crisis have on polish economy, including GDP growth rate and what would likely happen on housing market and stock exchange. Polish banking and credit system is sounder then American one and there is no risk of insolvency but still we are feeling the consequences of the financial crash. In the end author concludes that in the globalized world financial markets are linked and it is impossible to maintain unaffected by crisis that happened on the other side of the globe.
Economic policy – state versus market controversy
Authors: Siddiqui Kalim 
Published: September 2015

There was a wide ranging debate in the 1950s and 1960s in the developing countries about the role of the state in their economy when these countries attained independence, with developing their economies and eradicating poverty and backwardness being seen as their key priority. In the post-World War II period, the all-pervasive ‘laissez-faire’ model of development was rejected, because during the pre-war period such policies had failed to resolve the economic crisis. Therefore, Keynesian interventionist economic policies were adopted in most of those countries. This is a theoretical paper, which is based on a review of published papers in the field of economic policies, especially about the debate on the role of the state and market. In this study, a wide range of data sources are presented, which includes statistics generated by a number of organisations that are not agencies of a particular government. This is useful since data are compiled by a wide range of organisation such as IMF, World Bank and WTO. Secondary data would help our study to answer the research questions. There seems to be greater potential for examining statistical data produced by various organisations that are relatively independent of the national government.