bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lp‐theory of type 1, 1‐operators
Authors: Johnsen Jon 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis is a continuation of recent work on the general definition of pseudo‐differential operators of type 1, 1, in Hörmander's sense. Continuity in Lp‐Sobolev spaces and Hölder–Zygmund spaces, and more generally in Besov and Lizorkin–Triebel spaces, is proved for positive smoothness; with extension to arbitrary smoothness for operators in the self‐adjoint subclass. As a main tool the paradifferential decomposition is used for type 1, 1‐operators in combination with the Spectral Support Rule for pseudo‐differential operators and pointwise estimates in terms of maximal functions of Peetre–Fefferman–Stein type.
Brain organochlorines and Lewy pathology: The Honolulu‐Asia aging study
Authors: Ross G. Webster , Duda John E. , Abbott Robert D. , Pellizzari Edo , Petrovitch Helen , Miller Diane B. , O'Callaghan James P. , Tanner Caroline M. , Noorigian Joseph V. , Masaki Kamal , Launer Lenore , White Lon R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough organochlorines have been reported more frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD) brains than in controls, the association with brain Lewy pathology is unknown. Honolulu‐Asia Aging Study (HAAS) participants, exposed to organochlorines from a variety of sources during midlife, represent a population well suited to determining the relationship of brain organochlorines with Lewy pathology in decedents from the longitudinal HAAS. The study design included the measurement of 21 organochlorine levels in frozen occipital lobe samples from HAAS decedents. Alpha‐synuclein immunostaining performed on 225 brains was used to identify Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. With the potential for spurious associations to appear between Lewy pathology and 17 organochlorine compounds found in at least 1 brain, initial assessments identified heptachlor epoxide isomer b, methoxychlor, and benzene hexachloride b as being most important. The prevalence of Lewy pathology was 75% (6 of 8) among brains with any 2 of the 3 compounds, 48.8% (79 of 162) among those with 1, and 32.7% (18 of 55) for those with neither (P= .007 test for trend). Although findings persisted after removing cases with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies and after adjustment for age at death, body mass index, pack‐years of cigarette smoking, and coffee intake (P= .013), the results were insignificant when correcting for multiple testing. Although consistent with earlier accounts of an association between organochlorines and clinical PD, associations with Lewy pathology warrant further study. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Dopamine transporter imaging is associated with long‐term outcomes in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ravina Bernard , Marek Kenneth , Eberly Shirley , Oakes David , Kurlan Roger , Ascherio Alberto , Beal Flint , Beck James , Flagg Emily , Galpern Wendy R. , Harman Jennifer , Lang Anthony E. , Schwarzschild Michael , Tanner Caroline , Shoulson Ira 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) imaging has been studied as a diagnostic tool for degenerative parkinsonism. Our aim was to measure the prognostic value of imaging for motor and nonmotor outcomes in Parkinson's disease (PD). We prospectively evaluated a Parkinson's cohort after enrollment in a de novo clinical trial with a battery of motor (UPDRS), cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and behavioral measures. DAT imaging with [123I][β]‐CIT and single‐photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) was performed at baseline and after 22 months. In total, 491 (91%) of the 537 subjects had evidence of DA deficiency on their baseline scan, consistent with PD, and were included in the analyses. The cohort was followed for 5.5 (0.8) years, with a mean duration of diagnosis of 6.3 (1.2). Lower striatal binding at baseline was independently associated with higher risk for clinical milestones and measures of disease severity, including motor‐related disability, falling and postural instability, cognitive impairment, psychosis, and clinically important depressive symptoms. Subjects in the bottom quartile for striatal binding, compared to the top quartile, had an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 3.3 (1.7, 6.7) for cognitive impairment and 12.9 (2.6, 62.4) for psychosis. Change from baseline in imaging after 22 months was also independently associated with motor, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. DAT imaging with [123I][β]‐CIT and SPECT, shortly after the diagnosis of PD, was independently associated with clinically important long‐term motor and nonmotor outcomes. These results should be treated as hypothesis generating and require confirmation. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Evaluation of a porcine whole‐limb heterotopic autotransplantation model
Authors: Kiermeir David Manuel , Meoli Martino , Müller Sabine , Abderhalden Susanne , Vögelin Esther , Constantinescu Mihai Adrian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:Recently performed vascularized composite tissue allotransplantations (CTAs) stimulate the ongoing research in the area of whole‐limb transplantation. A reliable in vivo animal model is required for investigations in vascularized whole‐limb CTA. The model should allow in vivo assessment in whole‐limb preservation, allograft and xenograft response, and host immunomodulation. The goal of this study is to describe and evaluate the in vivo feasibility and reproducibility of a whole‐limb porcine model as a basis for future research in this field.Materials and methods:In seven large white pigs, one forelimb was amputated under anesthesia and autotransplanted heterotopically with an arc of rotation of 180° and partially placed in a subcutaneous pocket. Clinical parameters were monitored and muscle biopsies were analyzed using ultrastructural morphological assessment of mitochondria quality after an observation period of 7 days.Results:All animals could fully mobilize postoperatively without restrictions. At sacrifice, the anastomosed pedicle vessels of the limb were patent in six animals. In one pig, venous thrombosis could be observed. Muscle response was triggered following direct electrostimulation in six replanted limbs. The replanted extremities gained 12.97% weight within 7 days postreplantation compared with the amputation baseline values (P = 0.464 while maintaining normal compartment pressures at sacrifice (8.25 ± 5.31 cmH2O, P = 0.60). The ultrastructural evaluation of mitochondria morphology revealed intact mitochondria without signs of ischemia/reperfusion damage.Conclusion:This porcine model proved feasible, reliable, and reproducible for whole‐limb autotransplantation. It presents significant potential in future preclinical research of whole‐limb CTA transplantation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Microsurgery, 2013.
Validation of questionnaire‐based long‐term dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls using biomarkers
Authors: Bergkvist Charlotte , Åkesson Agneta , Glynn Anders , Michaëlsson Karl , Rantakokko Panu , Kiviranta Hannu , Wolk Alicja , Berglund Marika 
Published: September 2012

ScopeThe health consequences of lifelong low‐level exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) via food are largely unknown, mainly due to the lack of large population‐based prospective studies addressing this issue. We validated long‐term food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)‐based dietary PCB exposure against concentrations of six PCB congeners in serum.Methods and resultsDietary PCB exposure was estimated in the Swedish Mammography Cohort by constructing a recipe‐based database of CB‐153, an indicator for total PCBs in food. The Spearman rank correlation (adjusted for within‐person variability) was assessed between concurrent (2004–2006), past (1997), and long‐term (mean of 1997 and 2004–2006) FFQ‐based dietary PCB exposure, respectively, and the following serum PCB congeners, CB‐118, CB‐138, CB‐153, CB‐156, CB‐170, and CB‐180, in women (56–85 years of age, n = 201). The correlation between FFQ‐based dietary PCB exposure and serum CB‐153 was 0.41 (p < 0.001) for the concurrent (median 1.6 ng/kg body weight) and 0.34 (p < 0.05) for the past (median 2.6 ng/kg body weight) exposure assessment. Long‐term validity of FFQ‐based PCB estimates and the six serum PCB congeners ranged from 0.30 to 0.58 (p < 0.05).ConclusionFFQ‐based PCB exposure estimates show acceptable validity in relation to PCB concentrations in serum, justifying their use in large‐scale epidemiological studies.
Gender Disparities in Health Care
Authors: Kent Jennifer A. , Patel Vinisha , Varela Natalie A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe existence of disparities in delivery of health care has been the subject of increased empirical study in recent years. Some studies have suggested that disparities between men and women exist in the diagnoses and treatment of health conditions, and as a result measures have been taken to identify these differences. This article uses several examples to illustrate health care gender bias in medicine. These examples include surgery, peripheral artery disease, cardiovascular disease, critical care, and cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, we discuss reasons why these issues still occur, trends in health care that may address these issues, and the need for acknowledgement of the current system's inequities in order to provide unbiased care for women in the future. Mt Sinai J Med 79:555–559, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Meyerhoff Scholars Program: A Strengths‐Based, Institution‐Wide Approach to Increasing Diversity in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Authors: Maton Kenneth I. , Pollard Shauna A. , McDougall Weise Tatiana V. , Hrabowski Freeman A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Meyerhoff Scholars Program at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County is widely viewed as a national model of a program that enhances the number of underrepresented minority students who pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics PhDs. The current article provides an overview of the program and the institution‐wide change process that led to its development, as well as a summary of key outcome and process evaluation research findings. African American Meyerhoff students are 5× more likely than comparison students to pursue a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics PhD. Program components viewed by the students as most beneficial include financial scholarship, being a part of the Meyerhoff Program community, the Summer Bridge program, study groups, and summer research. Qualitative findings from interviews and focus groups demonstrate the importance of the Meyerhoff Program in creating a sense of belonging and a shared identity, encouraging professional development, and emphasizing the importance of academic skills. Among Meyerhoff students, several precollege and college factors have emerged as predictors of successful entrance into a PhD program in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields, including precollege research excitement, precollege intrinsic math/science motivation, number of summer research experiences during college, and college grade point average. Limitations of the research to date are noted, and directions for future research are proposed. Mt Sinai J Med 79:610–623, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Fraction of unsaturated fatty acids in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is lower in subjects with high total VAT volume – a combined 1H MRS and volumetric MRI study in male subjects
Authors: Machann Jürgen , Stefan Norbert , Schabel Christoph , Schleicher Erwin , Fritsche Andreas , Würslin Christian , Häring Hans‐Ulrich , Claussen Claus D. , Schick Fritz 
Published: September 2012

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. However, little is known about the composition of VAT with regard to the amount of mono‐ (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in triglycerides. Volume‐selective MRS was performed in addition to MRI for the quantification of VAT. Analysis comprised proton signals from the vinyl‐H group (H–C = C–H), including protons from MUFA + PUFA, and diallylic‐H, i.e. methylene‐interrupted PUFAs. The methyl (−CH3) resonance, which is the only peak with a defined number of protons/triglyceride (n = 9), served as reference.Twenty male subjects participated in this prospective study and underwent MRS of VAT on a 3‐T whole‐body unit. Spectra were recorded by a single‐voxel stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) technique (TE/TM/TR = 20/10/4000 ms; volume of interest between 20 × 25 × 20 and 30 × 30 × 20 mm³; 48–80 acquisitions depending on the size of the volume of interest; bandwidth, 1200 Hz). Post‐processing was performed by a Java‐based magnetic resonance user interface (jMRUI; AMARES). The volume of VAT was quantified in a separate session on a 1.5‐T imager a few days prior to the MRS session by T1‐weighted imaging. The relative amount of VAT was calculated as a percentage of body weight (%VAT). Ratios of vinyl‐H to –CH3 and diallylic‐H to –CH3 were calculated.All spectra recorded from VAT were of high quality, enabling reliable quantification of the mentioned resonances. %VAT and vinyl‐H/CH3 varied over a broad range (2.8–8.3% and 0.45–0.64, respectively). A strong negative correlation between %VAT and vinyl‐H/CH3 was found (r = −0.92), whereas diallylic‐H/CH3 alone was clearly less well correlated with %VAT (r = −0.21).The composition of VAT shows strong interindividual variations. The greater the total amount of VAT, the less unsaturated the fatty acids. This is a preliminary result in mainly obese male subjects, and it remains to be determined whether this correlation holds for other cohorts of different age, gender and body mass index. Furthermore, changes in VAT composition during weight loss or different forms of diet have yet to be examined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the decision‐making processes for arts sponsorship
Authors: Daellenbach Kate 
Published: September 2012

Corporate support is a significant revenue stream for non‐profit organisations, yet little is known of the actual decision paths companies take when making these decisions and what characterises these paths. This study seeks to develop a greater understanding of decision processes for companies considering sponsorship of the arts. A multiple‐case study approach was taken, with participants from arts organisations and paired sponsoring companies, resulting in the finding of three decision paths: one characterised as high‐level and intuitive, one as driven at a lower‐level, and a third initially instigated by a third party. Analysis of these paths highlights the importance of existing relationships as well as a ‘fit’ between both parties. In addition, the company's orientation towards more commercial or philanthropic goals is found to be a key element determining the path taken, and the role of individual informed intuition is highlighted as crucial in moving decisions forward. This study extends knowledge in sponsorship and corporate philanthropy, into a decision making and arts sponsorship context. The findings also offer a useful perspective for non‐profit arts managers as they pitch their event to the business sector.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis as an adverse immunological effect of pulses of vincristine and dexamethasone in maintenance therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Moritake Hiroshi , Kamimura Sachiyo , Kojima Hitomi , Shimonodan Hidemi , Harada Masako , Sugimoto Takako , Nao‐i Nobuhisa , Nunoi Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe describe a 5‐year‐old female with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who suffered from cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis during maintenance therapy consisting of 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) and methotrexate (MTX) with pulses of vincristine (VCR) and dexamethasone (DEX). Administration of anticytomegaloviral drugs led to a complete regression of active retinitis. Her low CD4 positive T cells and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) recovered when maintenance therapy was resumed without VCR and DEX. The patient has been in complete remission (CR) for more than 5 months after completion of maintenance therapy without recurrence of CMV retinitis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:329–331. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seizure freedom is not adversely affected by early discontinuation of concomitant anti‐epileptic drugs in the EULEV cohort of levetiracetam users
Authors: Droz‐Perroteau Cécile , Marchal Cécile , Dureau‐Pournin Caroline , Lassalle Régis , Jové Jérémy , Robinson Philip , Lavernhe Gilles , Vespignani Hervé , Moore Nicholas , Fourrier‐Réglat Annie ,   on behalf of the Eulev Study group
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeFear of discontinuing concomitant anti‐epileptic drugs (AEDs) may lead to potentially unnecessary and perhaps unsafe polypharmacy. The effect of withdrawing concomitant AEDs on epilepsy control was therefore studied in long‐term users of levetiracetam.MethodsThe EULEV cohort followed patients initiating levetiracetam in France in 2005 or 2006 for one year. In those maintaining levetiracetam throughout the study period, the association of a reduction in the number of concomitant AEDs during the first six months with seizure‐freedom during the last six months of follow‐up was investigated using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 356 patients continuing levetiracetam for at least 1 year, 140 (39.3%) were seizure‐free during the last six months of follow‐up. Partial symptomatic or generalised idiopathic epilepsy were associated with greater seizure‐freedom than partial cryptogenic disease. Factors associated with seizures were: longer disease duration, initial incapacity, increased number of seizures in the six months preceding levetiracetam initiation, and number of consultations for epilepsy in the six months preceding levetiracetam initiation. There was a trend for the association between the early reduction in the number of concomitant AEDs and seizure‐free status later during follow‐up, which however did not reach statistical significance in the final propensity score‐adjusted multivariate model (OR = 1.8, 95%CI [0.8;4.0]).ConclusionsTaking into account the various risk factors for seizures, the early reduction of concomitant AEDs was not associated with worse seizure rates during follow‐up in real‐life users of levetiracetam. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prostate epithelial AR inactivation leads to increased intraprostatic androgen synthesis
Authors: McNamara Keely M. , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Sasano Hironobu , Handelsman David J. , Simanainen Ulla 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDRegulation of steroid synthesis within the prostate is not well understood. In this study, we examined androgen synthesis and metabolism in the mouse prostate.METHODSUsing LC–MSMS steroid assays, immunohistochemistry and real‐time PCR we examined the role of prostate epithelial AR in regulating 5αR expression and subsequent androgen metabolism by analyzing natural differences in epithelial AR expression between lobes as well as in the prostate epithelial AR knockout (PEARKO) mouse model. Subsequently, the role of intraprostatic androgen metabolism and epithelial AR in the generation and progression of prostate epithelial pathology was examined using long‐term exogenous testosterone (T) + estradiol (E2) exposure.RESULTSEpithelial AR and 5αR2 expression as well as intraprostatic DHT followed the same lobe‐specific pattern being lower in anterior than the other lobes (n = 6–8, P < 0.05). Lobe‐specific 5αR2 expression was similar in PEARKO and wild‐type (WT) prostate. However, PEARKO prostate had higher intraprostatic DHT content with significantly increased 5αR2 expression localized in abnormal epithelium. T + E2 treatment induced epithelial pathology was more common in PEARKO prostate compared to WT (20% vs. 2%), and was associated with increased 5αR2 expression (n = 6, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSWe suggest that androgen synthesis via 5αR2 expression is driven by its own product (DHT) acting on adjacent stromal cells in a paracrine loop leading to increased in situ androgen levels in the PEARKO prostate. This may form part of a feed‐forward loop that promotes the development of epithelial pathology. Prostate 73: 316–327, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model guided adaptive design and analysis in computer experiment
Authors: Yu Qingzhao , Li Bin , Fang Zhide , Peng Lu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractComputer experiments have become increasingly important in several different industries. These experiments save resources by exploring different designs without necessitating real hardware manufacturing. However, computer experiments usually require lengthy simulation times and powerful computational capacity. Therefore, it is often pragmatically impossible to run experiments on a complete design space. In this paper, we propose an adaptive sampling scheme that interactively works with predictive models to sequentially select design points for computer experiments. The selected samples are used to build predictive models, which in turn guide further sampling and predict the entire design space. For illustration, we use Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), multiple additive regression trees (MART), treed Gaussian process and Gaussian process to guide the proposed sampling method. Both real data and simulation studies show that our sampling method is effective in that (i) it can be used with different predictive models; (ii) it can select multiple design points without repeatedly refitting the predictive models, which makes parallel simulations possible and (iii) the predictive model built on its generated samples gives more accurate predictions on the unsampled points than the models built on samples from other methods such as random sampling, space‐filling designs and some adaptive sampling methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
First Anxiety, Afterwards Depression: Psychological Distress in Cancer Patients at Diagnosis and after Medical Treatment
Authors: Gil Francisco , Costa Gema , Hilker Ines , Benito Llucia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess psychosocial changes at two particular moments: at cancer diagnosis and 2–4 weeks after having finished treatment.Material and methodsA total of 67 cancer outpatients were assessed in this study. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were as follows: ambulatory cancer patients aged 18 years or older and receiving medical treatment. Patients with a performance status <50 or with cognitive impairment (≥3 errors in the Pfeiffer Questionnaire) were excluded. The inclusion period ranged from 1 April 2005 to 30 April 2007. The scales used were the 14‐item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), which has two subscales for anxiety (seven items) and for depression (seven items), the Quality of Life Short Form 36 Questionnaire, the Mental Adjustment Scale and the Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire for measuring social support. All data were compared with sociodemographic and medical characteristics.ResultsPatients had higher levels of pre‐treatment versus post‐treatment anxiety (HADS‐Anxiety mean, 7.41 versus 6.69), whereas depression scores were higher post‐treatment versus pre‐treatment (HADS‐Depression mean, 3.14 versus 3.89). After medical treatment, patients were more fatigued, with lower performance status (Karnofsky Index), less social support and less quality of life, but no differences in coping styles were found. Women had higher levels of anxiety than men. Patients with psychiatric antecedents had higher levels of distress, but these differences were only observed after diagnosis and not after the treatment. In general, head and neck cancer patients had higher levels of distress, worse coping and worse social functioning.ConclusionsCancer patients require special consideration before and after treatment. Anxiety is the symptom that characterizes diagnosis, whereas depression is more common after medical treatment. The head and neck cancer patients were the group with the highest complexity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.