bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Authors: NENNHAUS H. PETER 
Published: June 2013

background: There are no previous reports addressing a link between leg ulcers and the reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) Syndrome.objective: The purpose of this study was to define the incidence and characteristics of a possible RSD leg ulcer syndrome.methods: Leg ulcers encountered in private practice were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of 12 clinical features (“special traits”), four of them because of their known association with RSD, and eight because they were suspected of resulting from vasospastic ischemia.results: Among 111 ulcer episodes, 35 (31.5%) were associated with RSD, 14 (12.6%) with arteriosclerosis obliterans, and 62 (55.9%) were caused by pure venous insufficiency. The mean score of “special traits” was 5.03 in the RSD category, 2.57 in the arteriosclerosis obliterans category, and 1.66 in pure venous insufficiency cases.conclusion: It is concluded that an RSD leg ulcer syndrome does indeed exist and that it is common and easy to diagnose. Verification by prospective studies is called for.
An Anatomic Source of False Venous Reflux with Continuous Wave Doppler
Authors: TONG YISHA , ROYLE JOHN 
Published: June 2013

background. The limitations of continuous wave (CW) Doppler have been recognized in the assessment of venous reflux since CW Doppler is not able to distinguish reflux signals from more than one vein. In our experience, some regions with venous reflux suggested by CW Doppler were noted to have no reflux in any individual vein during duplex studies.objective. The aim of the study was to assess the anatomic source of the venous reflux suggested by CW Doppler but not confirmed by duplex ultrasound.methods. Five hundred and fifty‐one consecutive lower limbs with primary or recurrent varicose veins were examined with CW Doppler and subsequently by color‐coded duplex ultrasound to assess the source of venous reflux.results. The duplex ultrasound study revealed no reflux in 44 specific regions (8%) where reflux had been indicated by CW Doppler. Two types of anatomy were noted. Two or more superficial veins joined the deep venous system via a common junction in 25 cases. A descending vein joined the deep venous system in 19 cases.conclusion. A bidirectional Doppler signal in a region of venous junction without any incompetent veins can be misinterpreted as venous reflux. A careful examination of veins not only at the region of the junction, but also at some distance down the stem of the vein is important during CW Doppler or duplex assessment.
Sterilization of the Handengine
Authors: SHELTON RON M. , GREKIN ROY C. 
Published: June 2013

background
: The risk of interpatient infection through a dermabrasion handpiece is not known, nor is there a published standard of handpiece maintenance.
objective
: To investigate the possibility of transferring material through the handpiece and evaluate the methods used by dermatologists to disinfect and/or sterilize dermabrasion equipment.
methods
: Handengines run while immersed in fluoresceindyed alcohol were observed for fluorescence. After dermabrasion of a fluorescein‐basted pig's foot the instrument was inspected. A survey of handpiece disinfection /sterilization procedures was sent to 114 members of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery.
results
: Although material can be transmitted to the motor/handpiece through the chuck and vice versa, contamination of the instrument did not occur in a dermabrasion simulation. 58.7% of respondents sterilize the chuck and only 38.1% sterilize the motor/handpiece.
conclusions
S: No absolute requirement to sterilize the handengine is warranted. It is prudent however to sterilize the chuck in a steam autoclave and gas sterilize the motor/handpiece to eliminate the rare possibility of cross‐contamination.
Nontufted Incisional Slit Grafting
Authors: HUGENECK JÖRG , KOKOTT REINHARD , WAGNER KARL‐HEINZ , PRAWETZ‐MOSER CLAUDIA 
Published: June 2013

background. The nontufted incisional slit grafting method described here is a decisively modified technique in the field of hair transplantation.objective. Traditional techniques of incisional slit grafting have the risk to produce a tufted look due to compression from the sides when the grafts are placed in the incision.methods and results. Our specific method of dissection of the donor hair creates very small flat grafts that are the same shape as the recipient sites and includes trimming the epidermis and a part of the dermis. The advantage of this technique is that there is no compression on the grafts and thus it results in a diminished tufted look.conclusion. With this technique it is possible to transplant more than 2000 grafts in one session, meaning that patients with extreme baldness and a relatively small fringe of hair can become hairy in an aesthically pleasing way due to the extremely economic redistribution of the donor hair.
Digital Photoplethysmography and Light Reflection Rheography
Authors: VERAART JOEP C. J. M. , VAN DER KLEY A. M. JOOST , NEUMANN H. A. MARTINO 
Published: June 2013

background. Light reflection rheography (LRR) is appropriate for the global assessment of calf‐pump insufficiency regardless of whether it is caused by varicosity, the post‐phlebitic syndrome, or deep venous thrombosis. The instrument has been increasingly used by many phlebologists. Digital photoplethysmography (D‐PPG) is a further development of this well‐established LRR. With this D‐PPG instrument it is possible, in contrast to LRR, to calibrate the reflected light.objective and methods. To compare the venous refilling times of both the LRR and the D‐PPG when measured at the same time on the same leg. We also evaluated the practical use of both instruments. In total we performed 152 simultaneous measurements with both instruments.results. We found a statistically significant correlation when we compared the venous refilling time of both LRR and D‐PPG (r = .664; P < .001). The observed agreement between both instruments for detecting a disturbed venous refilling time (≤ 25 seconds) is 92%.conclusion. Both instruments seems to correlate as has been shown in this and other studies. The D‐PPG has the advantage of being more handy. Futhermore the reflected light is calibrated, which enables to compare intra‐ and interindividual measurements.
Standardizing Chemical Peel Solution Formulations to Avoid Mishaps
Authors: BRIDENSTINE JAMES B. , DOLEZAL JAMES F. 
Published: June 2013

background. Chemical peeling using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a populär and long utilized procedure in dermatology and cosmetic surgery.objective. To determine the actual concentration of TCA infour disparate methods of preparation of Solutions, expressed in the Standard pharmaceutical method of weight to volume (wt/vol).methods. Method I was wt/vol, method H was weight to weight (wt/wt), method III was grams of TCA added to 100 cc water, and method IV was the usage of saturated TCA, and calling it 100%, then making appropriate dilutions. The amounts of TCA in each Solution for methods II, III, and IV were converted, by calculation, to the wt/vol method.results. The relative concentrations of TCA, ranked by the wt/vol pharmaceutical Standard, showed that from strongest to weakest: method IV > method II > method I > method III.conclusions. Tremendous variations were found in the relative concentrations of TCA in these Solutions. To avoid mishaps and complications, the wt/vol method should be used.
Dermatologic Surgery of the Hand: General Principles and Avoiding Complications
Authors: ROHRER THOMAS E. , LESLIE BRUCE , GRANDE DONALD J. 
Published: June 2013

Dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons are frequently presented with significant pathology of the hand. Because the hand plays such a unique and important role in man's everyday life, preservation and restoration of its form and function is critical. The hand is both powerful and extremely delicate. Before performing any procedures in this area, dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons must have a clear understanding of the cutaneous and deep anatomy of the hand and digits, as well as a thorough knowledge of the disease process being treated and the modality being used. This article reviews the intricate anatomy, the proper he‐mostasis and anesthesia, and many of the complications seen in dermatologic surgery and procedures of the hand, digits, and nails. With appropriate preoperative evaluation and precautions, many dermatologic procedures may be safely performed on the hand.LEARNING OBJECTIVES. After studying the following article, participant should be able to:
Understand the anatomy of the hand.
Show an awareness of complications that can result from hand surgery.
Utilize principles that will permit aesthetic hand reconstruction.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli mixed infection model in broiler chickens for studying valnemulin pharmacokinetics
Authors: Xiao X. , Zhao D. H. , Yang X. , Shi W. , Deng H. , Ma J. , Zhang S. , Liu Y. H. 
Published: June 2013

A Mycoplasma gallisepticum–Escherichia coli mixed infection model was developed in broiler chickens, which was applied to pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in the present experiment. The velogenic M. gallisepticum standard strain S6 was rejuvenated to establish the animal model, and the wild E. coli strain O78 was injected as supplementary inoculum to induce chronic respiratory disease in chickens. The disease model was evaluated based on its clinical signs, histopathological examination, bacteriological assay, and serum plate agglutination test. The pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in infected chickens was determined by intramuscular (i.m.) injection and oral administration (per os, p.o.) of a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW). Plasma samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The plasma concentration–time curve of valnemulin was analyzed using the noncompartmental method. After the i.m. administration, the mean values of Cmax, Tmax, AUClast, MRT, CLβ/F, Vz/F, and t1⁄2β, were 27.94 μg/mL, 1.57 h, 171.63 μg·h/mL, 4.51 h, 0.06 L/h/kg, 0.56 L/kg, and 6.50 h, respectively. By contrast, the corresponding values after p.o. administration were 5.93 μg/mL, 7.14 h, 47.60 μg·h/mL, 9.80 h, 0.22 L/h/kg, 3.35 L/kg, and 10.60 h. The disposition of valnemulin was retarded in infected chickens after both modes of extravascular administration as compared to the healthy controls. More attention should be given to monitoring the therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects of mixed infection because of higher required plasma drug concentration and enlarged AUC with valnemulin treatment.
Pretense of parentage by siblings in immigration: Polesky's paradox reconsidered
Authors: Wenk Robert E. , Shao Alison 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundOlder and younger siblings occasionally attempt to impersonate parent and child to expedite immigration under US family‐based visa policies. The rate with which full siblings escape detection by current relationship tests is unknown.Study Design and MethodsRetrospective study of full‐sibling immigrant pairs was undertaken to determine the proportion that show insufficient genetic evidence to exclude parentage. Sibship and parentage indices (SI and PI) were compared/case in unexcluded sibling cases and true parent–child cases. Alleles shared per short‐tandem‐repeat locus were compared in sibling and parent–child pairs. The proportion of successful parentage fraud by siblings was estimated from the parentage exclusion rate among immigrants and the proportion of sibships without genetic inconsistencies (GIs).ResultsWhen 11 to 25 independent loci were tested per two‐sibling case to verify or refute parentage, tests failed to demonstrate any GI in 9% and PI was greater than SI in seven of 10 of these cases. Another 29% of full‐sibling pairs demonstrated insufficient evidence (fewer than two GIs) to exclude parentage. Thus, 0.4% of sibling pairs could falsely claim a parent–child relationship and show no GIs. Another 1.4% could make that false claim and not present sufficient evidence to be excluded.ConclusionAt present, with no evidence of parentage exclusion in a full‐sibling pair, the relative magnitudes of PI and SI are misleading relationship indicators because too few loci are examined and rates of sharing one and two alleles/locus vary greatly in parentage and sibling pairs. Only evidence of exclusion ascertains false parentage claims by siblings. Nevertheless, the expected rate of successful fraud is quite low.
Improving the calibration of radiochromic films by the use of uncertainties in optical density and dose
Authors: Garcia Luis Isaac Ramos , Azorin José Fernando Pérez 
Published: June 2013

Purpose:To compare how the inclusion of the uncertainties in dose and optical density affects the results of the calibration of Gafchromic®EBT3 radiochromic films.Methods:Five methods of least square minimization were compared for calibration of radiochromic films. These differed in the way in which the uncertainties of dose and optical density are taken into account. The comparison was made by simulating the calibration fit at an increasing number of points measured in the calibration table and in the gamma analysis of ten real IMRT verifications.Results:According to the results of the simulations, the methods that take into account all the variability in dose and optical density are superior to those that do not use them. The improvements are reflected in lower bias of the parameters, lower variability and faster convergence when the number of the points increases in the calibration table. When these methods are employed in the gamma analysis comparison, the statistical significance of the results depends on how restrictive the parameters are that define this comparison.Conclusions:Methods that take into account all the variability both in dose and in optical density should be used in the calibration process.
Visual Analysis of DNA Microarray Data for Accurate Molecular Identification of Non-albicans Candida Isolates from Patients with Candidemia Episodes
Authors: De Luca Ferrari Michela , Ribeiro Resende Mariângela , Sakai Kanae , Muraosa Yasunori , Lyra Luzia , Gonoi Tohru , Mikami Yuzuru , Tominaga Kenichiro , Kamei Katsuhiko , Zaninelli Schreiber Angelica , Trabasso Plinio , Moretti Maria Luiza 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The performance of a visual slide-based DNA microarray for the identification of non-
albicans Candida
spp. was evaluated. Among 167 isolates that had previously been identified by Vitek 2, the agreement between DNA microarray and sequencing results was 97.6%. This DNA microarray platform showed excellent performance.
ON CONJUGACY CLASS SIZES AND CHARACTER DEGREES OF FINITE GROUPS
Authors: QIAN GUOHUA , WANG YANMING 
Published: June 2013

Let p be a fixed prime, G a finite group and P a Sylow p-subgroup of G. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) If gcd (p-1, |G|) = 1 and p2 does not divide |xG| for any p′-element x of prime power order, then G is a solvable p-nilpotent group and a Sylow p-subgroup of G/Op(G) is elementary abelian. (2) Suppose that G is p-solvable. If pp-1 does not divide |xG| for any element x of prime power order, then the p-length of G is at most one. (3) Suppose that G is p-solvable. If pp-1 does not divide χ(1) for any χ ∈ Irr (G), then both the p-length and p′-length of G are at most 2.
Common Witness “in Christ”: Peregrinations through Mission and Migration
Authors: Wild-Wood Emma 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The study of Mission and Migration has developed rapidly in recent years. This article aims to scope the field by examining a variety of trajectories from different disciplines and by suggesting ways in which enquiries may be furthered. It examines contemporary missiological thought, insights from the New Testament and comprehensions of diaspora, of belonging and of pilgrimage, providing diverse examples. It suggests pursuing a spirituality of radical hospitality and a methodology that widens the term of sociological enquiry. The focus of this wide-ranging collection of interlocking themes is provided by the exploration of common witness in Christ. The reflections on identity and on academic enquiry indicate why multi-ethnic witness to Christ, in a globalised era of mass migration, proves difficult to achieve. It uses the “is” provided by social science as a springboard for the “ought” of biblical and missiological vision.
Design and validation of an intelligent wheelchair towards a clinically-functional outcome
Authors: Boucher Patrice , Atrash Amin , Kelouwani Sousso , Honoré Wormser , Nguyen Hai , Villemure Julien , Routhier François , Cohen Paul , Demers Louise , Forget Robert , Pineau Joelle 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Many people with mobility impairments, who require the use of powered wheelchairs, have difficulty completing basic maneuvering tasks during their activities of daily living (ADL). In order to provide assistance to this population, robotic and intelligent system technologies have been used to design an intelligent powered wheelchair (IPW). This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the design and validation of the IPW.

Methods
The main contributions of this work are three-fold. First, we present a software architecture for robot navigation and control in constrained spaces. Second, we describe a decision-theoretic approach for achieving robust speech-based control of the intelligent wheelchair. Third, we present an evaluation protocol motivated by a meaningful clinical outcome, in the form of the Robotic Wheelchair Skills Test (RWST). This allows us to perform a thorough characterization of the performance and safety of the system, involving 17 test subjects (8 non-PW users, 9 regular PW users), 32 complete RWST sessions, 25 total hours of testing, and 9 kilometers of total running distance.

Results
User tests with the RWST show that the navigation architecture reduced collisions by more than 60% compared to other recent intelligent wheelchair platforms. On the tasks of the RWST, we measured an average decrease of 4% in performance score and 3% in safety score (not statistically significant), compared to the scores obtained with conventional driving model. This analysis was performed with regular users that had over 6 years of wheelchair driving experience, compared to approximately one half-hour of training with the autonomous mode.

Conclusions
The platform tested in these experiments is among the most experimentally validated robotic wheelchairs in realistic contexts. The results establish that proficient powered wheelchair users can achieve the same level of performance with the intelligent command mode, as with the conventional command mode.
Long-term outcome of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis with etanercept-sustained efficacy and safety after seven years
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Haibel Hildrun , Fritz Claudia , Listing Joachim , Heldmann Frank , Braun Juergen , Sieper Joachim 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Data from clinical studies on the long-term efficacy and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are scarce. This is the first report on continuous treatment with the TNFα fusion protein etanercept over seven years (y).

Methods
Overall, 26 patients with active AS were initially treated with etanercept 2 × 25 mg s.c./week with no concomitant disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or steroids. The clinical response was assessed by standardized parameters. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in the Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) partial remission at seven years. AS disease activity scores (ASDAS) for status and improvement were compared to conventional outcome measures.

Results
Overall, 21/26 patients (81%) completed two years of treatment and 16/26 patients (62%) completed seven years. In the completer analysis, 31% patients were in ASAS partial remission at seven years, while 44% patients showed an ASDAS inactive disease status. Mean Bath AS activity index (BASDAI) scores, which were elevated at baseline (6.3 ± 0.9), showed constant improvement and remained low: 3.1 ± 2.5 at two years and 2.5 ± 2.2 at seven years, while ASDAS also improved (3.9 ± 0.7 at baseline, 1.8 ± 0.9 at two years, 1.6 ± 0.8 at seven years), all P <0.001. From the 10 dropouts, only 5 patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events. Patients who completed the study had lower baseline Bath AS function index (BASFI) scores vs. patients who discontinued. No other clinical parameter at baseline could predict any long-term outcome.

Conclusions
This study confirms the clinical efficacy and safety of etanercept in patients with active AS over seven years of continuous treatment. After seven years, more than half of the initially treated patients remained on anti-TNF therapy, and one-third were in partial remission.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01289743
Impact of arterial load on the agreement between pulse pressure analysis and esophageal Doppler
Authors: Monge García Manuel Ignacio , Gracia Romero Manuel , Gil Cano Anselmo , Rhodes Andrew , Grounds Robert Michael , Cecconi Maurizio 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The reliability of pulse pressure analysis to estimate cardiac output is known to be affected by arterial load changes. However, the contribution of each aspect of arterial load could be substantially different. In this study, we evaluated the agreement of eight non-commercial algorithms of pulse pressure analysis for estimating cardiac output (PPCO) with esophageal Doppler cardiac output (EDCO) during acute changes of arterial load. In addition, we aimed to determine the optimal arterial load parameter that could detect a clinically significant difference between PPCO and the EDCO.

Methods
We included mechanically ventilated patients monitored with a prototype esophageal Doppler (CardioQ-Combi™, Deltex Medical, Chichester, UK) and an indwelling arterial catheter who received a fluid challenge or in whom the vasoactive medication was introduced or modified. Initial calibration of PPCO was made with the baseline value of EDCO. We evaluated several aspects of arterial load: total systemic vascular resistance (TSVR = mean arterial pressure [MAP]/EDCO * 80), net arterial compliance (C = EDCO-derived stroke volume/pulse pressure), and effective arterial elastance (Ea = 0.9 * systolic blood pressure/EDCO-derived stroke volume). We compared CO values with Bland-Altman analysis, four-quadrant plot and a modified polar plot (with least significant change analysis).

Results
A total of 16,964-paired measurements in 53 patients were performed (median 271; interquartile range: 180-415). Agreement of all PPCO algorithms with EDCO was significantly affected by changes in arterial load, although the impact was more pronounced during changes in vasopressor therapy. When looking at different parameters of arterial load, the predictive abilities of Ea and C were superior to TSVR and MAP changes to detect a PPCO-EDCO discrepancy ≥ 10% in all PPCO algorithms. An absolute Ea change > 8.9 ± 1.7% was associated with a PPCO-EDCO discrepancy ≥ 10% in most algorithms.

Conclusions
Changes in arterial load profoundly affected the agreement of PPCO and EDCO, although the contribution of each aspect of arterial load to the PPCO-EDCO discrepancies was significantly different. Changes in Ea and C mainly determined PPCO-EDCO discrepancy.