bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stationary polarons in discrete molecular chains
Authors: Toprek Dragan , Ivić Zoran , Kapor Darko , Lekić Sreten 
Published: November 2012

AbstractProperties of the large acoustic polarons in discrete molecular chains have been investigated within the adiabatic approximation. It turns out that practically all the polaron features are determined by the single parameter‐coupling constant which represents the ratio between the small polaron binding energy and the electron bandwidth. Three different types of stationary solutions were found corresponding to weak, intermediate, and strong coupling limits, respectively. In the weak coupling regime, that is, for the values of coupling constant exceeding the limit of the applicability of continuum approximation but lower than the critical one (
$g_C$), we observe symmetric bond‐centered solution corresponding to the polaron positioned in the middle between the adjacent lattice sites. When coupling constant overgrows, this critical value transition toward the site‐centered state occurs. It takes place continuously through the intermediate asymmetric state whose position gradually approaches lattice site as coupling constant increases. One of the main consequences of the lattice discreteness is the emergence of the periodic potential, Peierls‐Nabarro potential relief, through which polarons have to pass to transfer along the chain. The conditions for the polaron propagation are formulated in terms of the threshold velocity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ab initio study of the mechanism of forming a spiro‐heterocyclic ring compound involving Si and Ge from dichlorosilylene germylidene(Cl2SiGe:) and formaldehyde
Authors: Lu Xiuhui , Lian Zhenxia , Liu Dongting , Bao Weijie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet dichlorosilylene germylidene (Cl2SiGe:) and formaldehyde has been investigated with the CCSD(T)//MP2/6‐31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction pathway. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants first form a four‐membered Si‐heterocyclic ring germylene through the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge atom in the four‐membered Si‐heterocyclic ring germylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde forming a π→p donor–acceptor bond, the four‐membered Si‐heterocyclic ring germylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Ge atom in intermediate undergoes sp3 hybridization after transition state, then, the intermediate isomerizes to a spiro‐heterocyclic ring compound involving Si and Ge via a transition state. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled Synthesis of Hollow Cu2‐xTe Nanocrystals Based on the Kirkendall Effect and Their Enhanced CO Gas‐Sensing Properties
Authors: Xiao Guanjun , Zeng Yi , Jiang Yueyue , Ning Jiajia , Zheng Weitao , Liu Bingbing , Chen Xiaodong , Zou Guangtian , Zou Bo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper develops a facile solution‐based method to synthesize hollow Cu2‐xTe nanocrystals (NCs) with tunable interior volume based on the Kirkendall effect. Transmission electron microscopy images and time‐dependent absorption spectra reveal the temporal growth process from solid copper nanoparticles to hollow Cu2‐xTe NCs. Furthermore, the as‐prepared hollow Cu2‐xTe NCs show enhanced sensitivity for the detection of carbon monoxide (CO), which is often referred to as the “silent killer”. The response and recovery time of the as‐prepared sensor for the detection of 100 ppm CO gas are estimated to be about 21 and 100 s, respectively, which are sufficient to render it a promising candidate for effective CO gas‐sensing applications. Such enhanced performance is achieved owing to the small grain size and large specific area of the hollow nanostructures. Therefore, the obtained hollow NCs based on the Kirkendall effect may have the potential as new functional blocks for high‐performance gas sensors.
Ca3Ag1+xGe3–x (x = 1/3): New Transition Metal Zintl Phase with Intergrowth Structure and Alloying with Aluminum Metal
Authors: Ponou Siméon , Lidin Sven 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAbstract. The ternary Zintl phase Ca3Ag1+xGe3–x (x = 1/3) was synthesized by the high‐temperature solid‐state technique and its crystal structure was refined from single‐crystal diffraction data. The compound Ca3Ag1.32Ge2.68(1) adopts the Sc3NiSi3 type structure, crystal data: space group C2/m, a = 10.813(1) Å, b = 4.5346(4) Å, c = 14.3391(7) Å, β = 110.05(1)° and V = 660.48(10) Å3 for Z = 4. Its structure can be interpreted as an intergrowth of fragments cut from the CaGe (CrB‐type) and the CaAg1+xGe1–x (TiNiSi‐type) structures, and it therefore represents an alkaline‐earth member of the structure series with the general formula R2+nT2X2+n with n = 4. Unlike the rare‐earth homologues that are fully ordered phases, one seventh of the atomic sites in the unit cell of the title compound are mixed occupied (roughly 2/3Ge and 1/3Ag), and this can be explained by the Zintl concept. The alloying of this phase using aluminum metal yielded the isotypic solid solution Ca3(Ag/Al)1+xGe3–x, in which the aluminum for silver substitution is strictly localized in the TiNiSi substructure, revealing the very different functionality of the two building blocks.
Two neonatal cholestasis patients with mutations in the SRD5B1 (AKR1D1) gene: diagnosis and bile acid profiles during chenodeoxycholic acid treatment
Authors: Seki Yoshitaka , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Kimura Akihiko , Takahashi Tomoyuki , Ohtake Akira , Hayashi Shin‐Ichi , Morimura Toshiya , Ohno Yasuharu , Hoshina Takayuki , Ihara Kenji , Takei Hajime , Nittono Hiroshi , Kurosawa Takao , Homma Keiko , Hasegawa Tomonobu , Matsuishi Toyojiro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and aimsIn two Japanese infants with neonatal cholestasis, 3‐oxo‐Δ4‐steroid 5β‐reductase deficiency was diagnosed based on mutations of the SRD5B1 gene. Unusual bile acids such as elevated 3‐oxo‐Δ4 bile acids were detected in their serum and urine by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We studied effects of oral chenodeoxycholic acid treatment.Patients and methodsSRD5B1 gene analysis used peripheral lymphocyte genomic DNA. Diagnosis and treatment of these two patients were investigated retrospectively and prospectively investigated.ResultsWith respect to SRD5B1, one patient was heterozygous (R266Q, a novel mutation) while the other was a compound heterozygote (G223E/R261C). Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment was effective in improving liver function and decreasing unusual bile acids such as 7α‐hydroxy‐ and 7α,12α‐dihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐4‐cholen‐24‐oic acids in serum and urine.ConclusionPrimary bile acid treatment using chenodeoxycholic acid was effective for these patients treated in early infancy before the late stage of chronic cholestatic liver dysfunction.
Effects of Added Phosphates on Lipid Stability During Salt Curing and Rehydration of Cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Nguyen Minh Van , Arason Sigurjon , Thorkelsson Gudjon , Gudmundsdottir Agusta , Thorarinsdottir Kristin Anna , Vu Boi Ngoc 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEffects of added phosphates on retardation of lipid oxidation of salted cod during processing, storage and after rehydration were investigated. Lipid hydrolysis progress and development of color, primary and secondary lipid oxidation products and fluorescence intensities were determined. Added phosphates significantly retarded lipid hydrolysis and lipid oxidation progress, resulting in lower free fatty acid, lipid hydroperoxides (PV), thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) as well as fluorescence intensities (δFor and δFaq). Significant correlation between the lipid oxidation products (PV, TBARS, δFor and δFaq) and yellow/brownish discoloration (b* value) of salted cod was observed. Principal component analysis showed that TBARS, b* value and δFor were the strongest indicators of lipid oxidation during salting and storage.
Research on cachexia, sarcopenia and skeletal muscle in cardiology
Authors: Coats Andrew J. S. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe awareness of cardiac cachexia, i.e. involuntary weight loss in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease, has increased over the last two decades.Methods and resultsThis mini‐review looks at recent research in the cardiovascular literature that is relevant to the areas of interest of the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. It identifies significant research in the last 3 years on the obesity paradox, the causes and effects of skeletal muscle wasting, animal models of cachexia and emerging treatment ideas in cardiac cachexia.ConclusionsAssuming a similar literature in the fields of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure and chronic liver failure, the emergence of cachexia as a vibrant area of clinical and experimental research seems assured.
Do Patriotism and Multiculturalism Collide? Competing Perspectives from Canada and the United States
Authors: Citrin Jack , Johnston Richard , Wright Matthew 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.The relationship of national identifications to preferences about immigration is a subject of empirical controversy. The hypothesis we explore here through a comparison of Canada and the United States is that the normative content of national identity—how people define the meaning of patriotism in their country—mediates the relationship between national pride and sentiment about immigration and multiculturalism. How political elites construct what citizens should be proud of matters. In comparisons based on the 2003 International Social Survey Program's “National Identity Module,” Canadians seem more divided than Americans over their nationality and generally less chauvinist. Canadians are more receptive to maintaining the current level of immigration and see newcomers as less threatening to economic and cultural values. The relationship between identification with the country and support for immigration and multiculturalism diverges sharply between the countries: where in Canada the relationship is positive, in the US it is negative.Résumé.Le lien entre l'identification à la nation et les préférences quant à l'immigration est un sujet de controverse. À travers une comparaison du Canada et des Etats-Unis, l'hypothèse que nous explorons ici est que le contenu normatif de l'identité nationale, c'est-à-dire le sens donné par la population au patriotisme envers leur pays, joue un rôle intermédiaire dans la relation entre la fierté nationale et les sentiments vis-à-vis l'immigration et le multiculturalisme. La façon dont les élites politiques construisent ce en quoi les citoyens devraient être fiers revêt donc une importance particulière. À titre comparatif, en se basant sur le « Module Identité Nationale » du International Social Survey Programme de 2003, les Canadiens semblent plus divisés que les Américains sur la signification de leur identité nationale et, de façon générale, sont moins chauvins. Les Canadiens sont également plus réceptifs à l'idée de maintenir l'immigration à son niveau actuel et voient les nouveaux arrivants comme étant moins menaçants pour leurs valeurs économiques et culturelles. La relation entre l'identification au pays et le support pour l'immigration et le multiculturalisme diverge nettement entre les deux pays. Alors qu'au Canada la relation est positive, aux Etats-Unis elle est négative.
JOHN JORTIN, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, AND THE CHRISTIAN REPUBLIC OF LETTERS
Authors: YOUNG B. W. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe writing of ecclesiastical history is rarely disinterested, and this was especially so in eighteenth-century England. Its leading practitioner, John Jortin, wrote with a clear, determined, and dynamic purpose: to offer an effective critique of orthodoxy and its ally, persecution, and to secure civil and religious liberty in a way commensurate with maintaining an established church and liberal learning. His life and writings meditated on early eighteenth-century tendencies in thought and scholarship in a spirit that allowed often radical developments to take place. Unambiguously heterodox in tone and conclusions, Jortin's researches were drawn on by radical dissent. A scion of a Huguenot family, Jortin was a critical mediator between the culture of the Huguenot Refuge and English scholarship. He was a pioneer in the study of English literature, moving such study away from the narrowly philological methods of Richard Bentley towards more reflective literary scholarship. Above all, Jortin was determined that the Republic of Letters should be a Christian Republic; his contribution to and experience of Enlightenment substantiates J. G. A. Pocock's contention that, in England, it was largely clerical and conservative: study of Jortin in context challenges the hegemony of the Radical Enlightenment thesis that is rapidly becoming an interpretative orthodoxy.
Moho depth determination from waveforms of microearthquakes in the West Bohemia/Vogtland swarm area
Authors: Hrubcová Pavla , Vavryčuk Václav , Boušková Alena , Horálek Josef 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe West Bohemia/Vogtland area is known for its increased geodynamic activity with reoccurrence of intraplate earthquake swarms. Previous geophysical studies, namely active and passive seismic investigations, revealed a high velocity lower crust in this area with increased reflectivity. To refine this result and retrieve a more detailed structure of the deep crust and the Moho discontinuity, we analyzed waveforms of local microearthquakes that occurred in this area during the 2008 swarm. The waveforms of earthquakes were grouped into clusters with similar focal mechanisms, and the clusters were processed separately. We developed a new multiazimuthal approach in data processing to increase resolution of Moho phases in the waveforms. We applied the waveform cross‐correlation of the P and S waves, and rotated, aligned, and stacked the seismograms to extract the Moho SmS, PmP, and PmS reflected/converted phases. These phases were inverted for laterally varying Moho depth by ray tracing and a grid search inversion algorithm. The model retrieved was verified using modeling of full waveforms computed by the discrete wave number method. The multiazimuthal approach reveals details in the velocity structure of the crust/mantle transition at each station. Instead of a single interface with a sharp velocity contrast, the inversion indicates a reflective zone at Moho depths with one or two strongly reflective interfaces, which is in agreement with the zone interpreted by previous investigations. The thickness of the zone varies from 2 to 4 km within the depth range of 27–31.5 km and is delimited by reflections from its top and bottom boundaries, sometimes with strong reflectors within the zone. The average Vp/Vs ratio determined from the Moho reflections and conversions is 1.73.
Hydrological effects of dip‐slip fault rupture on a hydrothermal plume
Authors: Dempsey D. E. , Archer R. A. , Ellis S. M. , Rowland J. V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEarthquakes cause a variety of hydrological effects, including changes in well levels, streamflow, hot‐spring temperatures, and geyser periodicity. These may be produced by changes in pore‐fluid pressure or by changes in permeability. We investigate near‐field effects of normal earthquakes on fault‐controlled hydrothermal plumes, e.g., at the Te Kopia geothermal system on the Paeroa Fault, New Zealand. A numerical model is detailed that addresses the effects of coseismic pore‐pressure and permeability perturbations on geothermal upflow along a dip‐slip fault. Fluid flow is modeled using the heat and mass transfer code Finite Element Heat and Mass transfer. The 2 m wide fault is impermeable and thus behaves as a partition between fluid flow in the adjacent fault blocks, as well as a structure for upflow to localize upon. A realistic distribution for the coseismic change in mean rock stress is obtained from a plane‐strain mechanical model for normal fault rupture in an elastic‐plastic‐viscous crust. These stress changes are imported into the fluid flow model as pore‐fluid pressure changes. In addition, we consider the effects of fault core fracture and damage by introducing an increase in permeability at the fault plane. Results show that short‐term effects are dominated by pore‐pressure changes, which cause increased heat and mass fluxes at the surface for a period of several weeks. Longer‐term, an elevated mass flux remains due to the increase in subsurface permeability. Upflow migrates from the footwall scarp into the hanging wall and away from the fault, because rising fluids are no longer deflected by the fault.
A numerical model study of the effects of interannual time scale wave propagation on the predictability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Authors: Sinha B. , Topliss B. , Blaker A. T. , Hirschi J.‐M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigate processes leading to uncertainty in forecasts of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). A climate model is used to supply initial conditions for ensemble simulations in which members initially have identical ocean states but perturbed atmosphere states. Baroclinic transports diverge on interannual time scales even though the ocean is not eddy‐permitting. Interannual fluctuations of the model AMOC in the subtropical gyre are caused by westward propagating Rossby waves. Divergence of the predicted AMOC with time occurs because the waves develop different phases in different ensemble members predominantly due to differences in eastern boundary windstress curl. These windstress fluctuations communicate with interior ocean transports via modifications to the vertical velocity and the vortex stretching term dw/dz. Consequently, errors propagate westward resulting in longer predictability times in the interior ocean compared with the eastern boundary. Another source of divergence is transport anomalies propagating along the Gulf Stream (and other boundary currents). The propagation mechanism seems to be predominantly advection by mean currents, and we show that the arrival of westward propagating waves can trigger development of these anomalies. The mean state of the AMOC has a small effect on interannual predictability in the subtropical gyre, most likely because eastern boundary windstress curl predictability is not strongly dependent on the state of the AMOC in the subtropics. Eastern boundary windstress curl was more predictable at 45°N when the AMOC was in a strongly decreasing state, but, unlike at 30°N, no mechanism was found linking windstress curl fluctuations with deep transports.
Observations of geomagnetically induced currents in the Australian power network
Authors: Marshall R. A. , Gorniak H. , Van Der Walt T. , Waters C. L. , Sciffer M. D. , Miller M. , Dalzell M. , Daly T. , Pouferis G. , Hesse G. , Wilkinson P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInfrastructures such as pipelines and power networks at low‐middle latitude regions have historically been considered relatively immune to geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). Over the past decade there have been an increasing number of investigations into the impact of GICs in long grounded conductors at these latitudes. The Australian region power network spans thousands of kilometers from low to middle latitudes. The approaching maximum of solar cycle 24 and recent findings of studies into power networks located at similar latitudes have stimulated the Australian power industry to better understand this phenomenon in their region. As a result, a pilot study to compare space weather activity with in situ GIC monitors at strategic locations within the power network was initiated. This paper provides some results from the first of these operational GIC monitors during a modest geomagnetic storm, showing the first observational evidence of space weather well correlated with GICs measured in the Australian power network. Transformer neutral currents show a high degree of similarity with the geoelectric field derived from the closest available geomagnetic observatory. Current maxima of 4–5 amperes were observed in association with geoelectric field values of ~0.06–0.07 volts per kilometer. This paper also discusses the GIC measurements obtained during this storm in terms of the space weather drivers and the considerably larger geoelectric field values anticipated during larger geomagnetic storms.
Shifts of functional gene representation in wheat rhizosphere microbial communities under elevated ozone
Authors: Li Xinyu , Deng Ye , Li Qi , Lu Caiyan , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Huiwen , Zhu Jianguo , Zhou Jizhong , He Zhili 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Although the influence of ozone (O3) on plants has been well studied in agroecosystems, little is known about the effect of elevated O3 (eO3) on soil microbial functional communities. Here, we used a comprehensive functional gene array (GeoChip 3.0) to investigate the functional composition, and structure of rhizosphere microbial communities of Yannong 19 (O3-sensitive) and Yangmai 16 (O3-relatively sensitive) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under eO3. Compared with ambient O3 (aO3), eO3 led to an increase in soil pH and total carbon (C) percentages in grain and straw of wheat plants, and reduced grain weight and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Based on GeoChip hybridization signal intensities, although the overall functional structure of rhizosphere microbial communities did not significantly change by eO3 or cultivars, the results showed that the abundance of specific functional genes involved in C fixation and degradation, nitrogen (N) fixation, and sulfite reduction did significantly (P&lt;0.05) alter in response to eO3 and/or wheat cultivars. Also, Yannong 19 appeared to harbor microbial functional communities in the rhizosphere more sensitive in response to eO3 than Yangmai 16. Additionally, canonical correspondence analysis suggested that the functional structure of microbial community involved in C cycling was largely shaped by soil and plant properties including pH, DOC, microbial biomass C, C/N ratio and grain weight. This study provides new insight into our understanding of the influence of eO3 and wheat cultivars on soil microbial communities.
Comparative analysis of the distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria in humans, mice and chickens
Authors: Yin Yeshi , Wang Yu , Zhu Liying , Liu Wei , Liao Ningbo , Jiang Mizu , Zhu Baoli , Yu Hongwei D , Xiang Charlie , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are indigenous gut commensal bacteria. They are commonly detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Despite the significant role they have in the modulation of the development of host immune systems, little information exists regarding the presence of SFB in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and diversity of SFB in humans and to determine their phylogenetic relationships with their hosts. Gut contents from 251 humans, 92 mice and 72 chickens were collected for bacterial genomic DNA extraction and subjected to SFB 16S rRNA-specific PCR detection. The results showed SFB colonization to be age-dependent in humans, with the majority of individuals colonized within the first 2 years of life, but this colonization disappeared by the age of 3 years. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that multiple operational taxonomic units of SFB could exist in the same individuals. Cross-species comparison among human, mouse and chicken samples demonstrated that each host possessed an exclusive predominant SFB sequence. In summary, our results showed that SFB display host specificity, and SFB colonization, which occurs early in human life, declines in an age-dependent manner.