bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future Arctic temperature and ozone: The role of stratospheric composition changes
Authors: Langematz Ulrike , Meul Stefanie , Grunow Katja , Romanowsky Erik , Oberländer Sophie , Abalichin Janna , Kubin Anne 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUsing multidecadal simulations with the European Centre/Hamburg–Modular Earth Submodel System Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model, the role of changing concentrations of ozone‐depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) on Arctic springtime ozone was examined. The focus is on potential changes in the meteorological conditions relevant for Arctic ozone depletion. It is found that with rising GHG levels the lower Arctic stratosphere will cool significantly in early winter, while no significant temperature signal is identified later in winter or spring. A seasonal shift of the lowest polar minimum temperatures from late to early winter in the second part of the 21st century occurs. However, Arctic lower stratosphere temperatures do not seem to decline to new record minima. The future Arctic lower stratosphere vortex will have a longer lifetime, as a result of an earlier formation in autumn. No extended vortex persistence is found in spring due to enhanced dynamical warming by tropospheric wave forcing. Because of the dominant early winter cooling, largest accumulated polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) areas (APSC) are projected for the middle of the 21st century. A further increase of APSC toward the end of the 21st century is prevented by increased dynamical polar warming. EMAC suggests that in the near future, there is a chance of low Arctic springtime ozone in individual years; however, there is no indication of a formation of regular Arctic ozone holes. Toward the end of the 21st century, when ODSs will be close to the 1960 levels, further rising GHG levels will cause increased Arctic springtime ozone.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C‐2 Olefination of Unactivated Indoles Utilizing OH/NH2 as Directing Group
Authors: Tang Chen‐Yu , Tao Yuan , Wu Xin‐Yan , Sha Feng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOxidative C‐2 olefination of indoles/pyrrole via rhodium(III)‐catalyzed direct CH bond activation is reported. Phenolic OH and aniline NH2 units were revealed to be effective chelating groups to activate the aryl CH bond. The reactions proceeded with excellent selectivity and high functional group tolerance, furnishing 2‐vinylindoles/2‐vinylpyrroles in good yields.magnified image
Modified subtotal‐Lothrop procedure for extended frontal sinus and anterior skull‐base access: a case series
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Mady Leila J. , Kanumuri Vivek V. , Svider Peter F. , Liu James K. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) is well established for resistant frontal sinus disease and anterior skull base (ASB) exposure. However, this technique may be unnecessarily aggressive by removing avoidable sinonasal structures in select cases. Previously, in a cadaveric study, we proposed a modification of the EMLP, termed the modified subtotal‐Lothrop procedure (MSLP), to access the ASB and to address complex frontal sinus disease, for which access to the bilateral frontal sinus posterior table is required. This study provides a step‐by‐step description of this technique, and presents our experience in 5 patients who underwent this approach.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed at a tertiary referral center on all patients undergoing endoscopic ASB resection and complex frontal sinus surgeries between May 2011 and May 2013. Of 8 patients identified who underwent an MSLP, 5 had at least 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsAll patients underwent successful ASB exposure via the MSLP without complications and preservation of one frontal sinus recess. Adequate access to the bilateral posterior frontal sinus table was achieved in all cases. A patent frontal sinus drainage pathway could be assessed endoscopically after a mean follow‐up of 18.6 (range, 12–27) months.ConclusionThe MSLP is a feasible approach for exposure of the ASB and accessing complex frontal sinus pathology. This modification provides adequate ASB exposure and surgical maneuverability similar to the EMLP, while preserving one frontal sinus recess. This modification was successful in providing adequate exposure and maneuverability as well as maintaining frontal sinus patency in this small cohort.
Synthese eines metallorganischen molekularen Quadrats durch Selbstorganisation phosphorhaltiger Baueinheiten
Authors: Malberg Jennifer , Bodensteiner Michael , Paul Daniel , Wiegand Thomas , Eckert Hellmut , Wolf Robert 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMolekulare Quadrate gehören zu den bekanntesten Typen von supramolekularen Architekturen. Phosphorhaltige metallorganische Baueinheiten fanden in derartigen Strukturen bisher allerdings keine Verwendung. Hier beschreiben wir die Synthese eines molekularen Quadrats aus vier Gold‐ und vier Cobaltatomen, das durch Selbstorganisation von anionischen 1,3‐Diphosphacyclobutadien‐Komplexen und Gold(I)‐Kationen gebildet wird. Die röntgenkristallographische Bestimmung der Molekülstruktur der Verbindung [Au{Co(P2C2tBu2)2}]4 (1) wird durch 31P‐ und 13C‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen im Festkörper komplementiert. DFT‐Rechnungen bestätigen die Zuordnung der 31P‐ und 13C‐NMR‐Signale.
Regioselective Electrosynthesis of Rare 1,2,3,16‐Functionalized [60]Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zhu San‐E , Liu Ding‐Jia , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Lu Xing , Wang Guan‐Wu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFullerene derivatives with different addition patterns exhibit different physical, chemical, and biological properties, which are important for fullerene applications. Novel and rare 1,2,3,16‐functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives having a five‐membered heterocycle fused to a [5,6]‐junction were obtained with high regioselectivity by electrochemical derivatization of a [60]fulleroindoline. The product structures were determined by spectroscopic data and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The obtained high regioselectivity was rationalized using theoretical calculations.
Pinpointing Double Bonds in Lipids by Paternò‐Büchi Reactions and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ma Xiaoxiao , Xia Yu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe positions of double bonds in lipids play critical roles in their biochemical and biophysical properties. In this study, by coupling Paternò–Büchi (P‐B) reaction with tandem mass spectrometry, we developed a novel method that can achieve confident, fast, and sensitive determination of double bond locations within various types of lipids. The P‐B reaction is facilitated by UV irradiation of a nanoelectrospray plume entraining lipids and acetone. Tandem mass spectrometry of the on‐line reaction products via collision activation leads to the rupture of oxetane rings and the formation of diagnostic ions specific to the double bond location.
The effects of solvent polarity and pKa on the absorption of solvents into poly(glutaric acid‐glycerol) films
Authors: Wyatt Victor T. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, solvent absorption into the matrices of poly(glutaric acid‐glycerol) films has been evaluated. It was determined that the combined effects of polarity and the size and shape of the solvent molecule, rather than pKa, have the most significant influence on absorption into the films. Polar aprotic solvents (with solvent polarity index values >4) such as 1,4‐dioxane (absorbed 163.8% ± 0.3% [w/w] of the original weight of the polymer), pyridine (200.4% ± 3.5%), and dimethyl sulfoxide (186.0% ± 11.4%) were among the highest absorbed solvents into the polymer matrix. Solvents with polarity index values ≤4.0 were absorbed poorly (≤5.3% ± 1.5%). The polymer films only absorbed ≤26.5% ± 2.1% of their weight of most protic solvents (water and mono‐alcohols) but absorbed 72.6% ± 6.5% of ethylene glycol, a diol. The only high absorbing polar protic solvent was acetic acid (131% ± 13.1%). Except for chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, all of the solvents examined displayed small increases in absorption (7.8%, on average) when the films were desorbed and used again to absorb solvent. Erosion of the films ranged from 0.0% ± 0.0% to 22.0% ± 3.2% after 2–10 h absorption cycles. Miscible (7.7% ± 2.3% to 15.1% ± 2.2%) and immiscible (12.3% ± 6.4% to 80.0% ± 1.9%) solvents were preferentially absorbed from aqueous solutions. However, up to approximately 5% of those absorption values could be from water absorption. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.† J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40434.
A statistical approach to engineer a biocomposite formulation from biofuel coproduct with balanced properties
Authors: Zarrinbakhsh Nima , Defersha Fantahun M. , Mohanty Amar K. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA 32‐full factorial design of experiment (DOE) and regression modeling were implemented together as a practical approach to attain a distillers' grains‐filled biocomposite with balanced mechanical and physical properties. The effects of compatibilizer and lubricant on tensile strength, flexural modulus, impact strength and melt flow index of the biocomposites were studied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to develop least square regression models containing statistically significant main effects (linear and quadratic) and interaction effect. The developed models showed good predictability for the new measurements. The statistical approach adopted in this work including overlaying contour plots of the response surfaces in the studied level domain was effective in highlighting an optimized region that leads to balanced mechanical and physical properties. © 2014 The Authors Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40443.
Retracted: Synthesis and characterization of the core–shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles using 2‐(methacrylamido)ethyl methacrylate amide as a novel crosslink agent for controlled release of betamethasone
Authors: Azodi‐Deilami Saman , Abdouss Majid , Kordestani Davood 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe following article from the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, “Synthesis and characterization of the core–shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles using 2‐(methacrylamido)ethyl methacrylate amide as a novel cross‐link agent for controlled release of betamethasone,” by Saman Azodi‐Deilami, Majid Abdouss, and Davood Kordestani, published online on 4 February 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's editors, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed because of significant, unacknowledged overlap with the author's previously published work (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-5118-8). In addition, the crosslinker the authors call novel was first reported by a separate group of authors (http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja038961b), albeit this was not known by the authors of the retracted article at the time of publication.
Novel propargylether‐terminated monomers containing pyridine and phenyl pendent group: Synthesis, cure, and properties
Authors: Yang Guang , Zhou Changgeng , Li Bo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTTwo novel propargylether‐terminated resins containing pyridine and bulky phenyl pendent group were prepared from propargyl bromide and different diphenols, and highly thermal stable polymers were obtained by the thermal cure of the monomers. The chemical structures of these novel monomers were well confirmed by FTIR, 1H‐NMR and elemental analysis. Curing and thermal behavior of the resins were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic thermogravimetry in argon atmosphere. DSC curves of these two monomers showed a single endothermic peak corresponding to the conformation of chromene ring and homopolymerization of the chromene ring. The temperature at 5% weight loss (Td5) was higher than 440°C under argon and the highest glass transition temperature (Tg) reached 362°C. The rheological behavior and solubility of the monomer were also investigated. The monomers showed excellent flow‐ability, broad processing window, and great solubility. These results showed that the two resins could be ideal candidates for high‐temperature resistant resins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40469.
Epoxy resins reinforced with TiO2 generated by nonhydrolytic sol–gel process
Authors: Morselli Davide , Bondioli Federica , Sangermano Marco , Roppolo Ignazio , Messori Massimo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTInnovative epoxy‐titania nanocomposites were prepared starting from titania nanoparticles suspended in benzyl alcohol (BzOH) generated by nonhydrolytic sol–gel process from TiCl4. The obtained suspensions were mixed with an epoxy resin (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, DGEBA) and the formulations were cured in the presence of ytterbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate as cationic initiator. The thermally activated cationic ring‐opening polymerization produced a three‐dimensional network in which the suspending medium BzOH was covalently linked to the epoxy network according to the “activated monomer” mechanism during the propagation step. The presence of titania nanoparticles resulted in a reinforcing and stiffening effect due to both their hydrodynamic effect and, most important, a significantly higher cross‐linking density of the composite material with respect to the unfilled epoxy resin. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40470.
Synthesis and Characterization of Two Discrete Ln10 Nanoscopic Ladder‐Type Cages: Magnetic Studies Reveal a Significant Cryogenic Magnetocaloric Effect and Slow Magnetic Relaxation
Authors: Adhikary Amit , Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Khatua Sajal , Konar Sanjit 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTwo unique lanthanide‐based cages [Ln10(L)5(μ2‐OH)6(H2O)22](Cl)4⋅7 H2O ([Gd10] and [Dy10]) have been synthesized by using a hydrazone‐based ligand H4L (H4L=2,6‐bis[(3‐methoxysalicylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl]pyridine) and LnCl3⋅x H2O. Structural characterization of [Gd10] reveals an aesthetically pleasing self‐assembly of five L4− and ten Gd3+ ions forming a 2×[1×5] rectangular array. The ladder‐shaped cage consists of three “rungs” and two “rails” that are occupied by five ligands. Six out of ten gadolinium centers act as rung locks. Further analysis revealed that three chloride ions are encapsulated inside each discrete [Gd10] molecule through hydrogen bonding and other noncovalent interactions. Both the complexes ([Gd10] and [Dy10]) were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis, which shows that they are isostructural in nature. Magnetic investigations reveal that [Gd10] is a good candidate for magnetic refrigeration with a significant entropy change (−ΔSm) of 37.4 J kg−1 K−1 for an applied field of 7 T and at 3 K. Whereas [Dy10] shows single‐molecule‐magnet‐like behavior.
Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose into Levulinic Acid by a Sulfonated Chloromethyl Polystyrene Solid Acid Catalyst
Authors: Zuo Yong , Zhang Ying , Fu Yao 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA novel solid acid catalyst, sulfonated chloromethyl polystyrene (CP) resin (CP‐SO3H‐1.69), was synthesized by partially substituting chlorine groups (Cl) of CP resin with sulfonic group(SO3H). This new type solid acid contains not only acid sites, but also cellulose‐binding sites (Cl). A high yield of levulinic acid up to 65.5 % was obtained by converting microcrystalline cellulose over CP‐SO3H‐1.69. The high catalytic activity of CP‐SO3H‐1.69 was attributed to high amount of sulfonic group and chlorine on the catalyst, which is essential to keep the catalyst with great affinity to substrate.
Nanoscale Structuring in Au–Ni Films Grown by Electrochemical Underpotential Co‐deposition
Authors: Liang Defu , Rajput Parasmani , Zegenhagen Jorg , Zangari Giovanni 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNanoscale phase separation is a simple but powerful method for the self‐assembly of nanostructures, which enables properties to be tuned by tailoring the phase composition, size, and topology of the structures. We demonstrate, contrary to thermodynamic predictions, the spontaneous nanoscale phase separation of Au–Ni alloy films, grown by electrochemical underpotential deposition of Ni onto a surface constantly renewed by the ongoing reduction of Au at overpotential. Strain‐energy relaxation during film growth, in combination with the net attractive interaction between Au and Ni atoms, results in the dynamic formation of a nanoscale alloy structure, consisting of Au‐rich grains of about 5 nm in size surrounded by relatively thick (2–3 nm) Ni‐rich grain boundaries. The estimated cohesive energy of such alloy configurations is stronger than that of the phase‐separated mixture, suggesting the formation of an unexpected local equilibrium configuration for the Au–Ni binary system, stabilized by the grain nanosize and the high density of grain boundaries.
Ist Kaffeetrinken gesund?
Authors: Richling Elke , Habermeyer Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBei Kaffee handelt es sich um ein vielfach täglich verzehrtes Lebensmittel mit präventiven Eigenschaften. Bis zum heutigen Zeitpunkt konnten in Kaffee über 1000 Inhaltsstoffe identifiziert werden. Insgesamt kann bei moderatem Kaffeekonsum (3–4 Tassen pro Tag) von einem gesundheitsfördernden Aspekt ausgegangen werden. Ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Verzehr von Kaffee konnte für Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und Parkinson festgestellt werden. Im Allgemeinen ist das Krebsrisiko nicht erhöht. Bei manchen Krebsarten war eine Reduzierung des Risikos feststellbar. Trotz des Vorkommens von Kontaminanten in Kaffee ist insgesamt von einer positiven Wirkung dieses populären Getränkes auf den menschlichen Organismus auszugehen.
Das Kräuterbuch des Eucharius Rösslin
Authors: Karzel Simon 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDas Hohenlohe‐Zentralarchiv in Neuenstein verwahrt zahlreiche naturwissenschaftliche Werke aus den einzelnen Bibliotheken der Familie Hohenlohe, darunter auch das Kreuterbuoch von aller Kreuter / Gethier / Gesteine und Metal / Natur / nutz unnd gebrauch. Mitt aller derenn leblicher Abconterfeytunge.
Aptamersensoren für kontinuierliche Bluttests
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBiosensoren auf der Grundlage von Strukturveränderungen in DNA‐Molekülen wurden bereits 2005 entwickelt. Erst jetzt gelang es allerdings, sie mit unbehandeltem Blut einzusetzen. Sogar die kontinuierliche Überwachung von Wirkstoffkonzentrationen im Blut ist jetzt möglich.
Flüssigkristalle
Authors: Harrer Roswitha 
Published: February 2014

AbstractJeder, der diesen Artikel nicht gedruckt, sondern auf einem wie auch immer gearteten Flachbildschirm liest, blickt unvermeidlich auf ein chemisches Produkt, das die Bildschirmtechnologie vollkommen umgekrempelt hat. Flüssigkristalle sind derzeit das Zentrum praktisch aller elektronischen Anzeigen. Ganz unbescheiden kann man daher sagen: Flüssigkristalle tun gut.
Süß aus Pflanze: Stevia
Authors: Harrer Roswitha 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie einen müssen, die anderen wollen ihren Geschmacksinn betrügen und nicht Saccharose, sondern kalorienfreie Süßungsmittel genießen. Mit Steviolgycosid, einem kalorienfreien, karieshemmenden natürlichen Süßstoff, haben wir künftig die Qual der Wahl: naturbelassen als Pflanzenextrakt oder extrem preisgünstig hergestellt aus genmanipulierter Hefe.
cGAMP‐Synthase als Sensor für invasive DNA
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: February 2014

AbstractZyklische Dinucleotide, bei denen zwei Riboseeinheiten durch Phosphodiesterbindungen ringförmig verbunden sind, galten lange Zeit als Besonderheit der Prokaryoten. Doch auch bei Eukaryoten sind sie Komponenten der Signaltransduktion und leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Pathogenabwehr.
High control rate in patients with chondrosarcoma of the skull base after carbon ion therapy: First report of long‐term results
Authors: Uhl Matthias , Mattke Matthias , Welzel Thomas , Oelmann Jan , Habl Gregor , Jensen Alexandra D. , Ellerbrock Malte , Haberer Thomas , Herfarth Klaus K. , Debus Jürgen 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDThe current study was performed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of irradiation with carbon ions using raster scanning as well as prognostic factors in patients with skull base chondrosarcomas.METHODSBetween 1998 and 2008, 79 patients with chondrosarcoma of the skull base were treated using carbon ions in raster scanning. The applied median total dose was 60 gray equivalent (GyE) at 3 GyE per fraction. Local control and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Long‐term toxicity was quantitatively assessed using questionnaires.RESULTSThe median follow‐up after irradiation was 91 months (range, 3 months‐175 months). Within the follow‐up, 10 patients developed local disease recurrence. The 3‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year local control rates were 95.9%, 88%, and 88%, respectively; the corresponding OS rates were 96.1%, 96.1%, and 78.9%, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 110 months after first diagnosis, the corresponding 3‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year OS rates were 97.5%, 97.5%, and 91.5%, respectively. Age ≤ 45 years and boost volume ≤ 55 mL were associated with significantly better local control rates. We observed a clinically relevant improvement in cranial nerve deficits 7 to 10 years after treatment (range, 45.5%‐53.3%) compared with the baseline (73.4%). During follow‐up, none of the patients in the current study developed a secondary malignancy.CONCLUSIONSCarbon ion therapy is a safe and effective treatment in patients with chondrosarcoma of the skull base. For further evaluation, a prospective randomized phase 3 trial comparing protons versus carbon ions has been recruiting patients with low‐grade and intermediate‐grade chondrosarcoma of the skull base since 2009. Cancer 2014;120:1579–1585. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Insights into Adhesion Biology Using Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Tabarin Thibault , Pageon Sophie V. , Bach Cuc T. T. , Lu Yong , O'Neill Geraldine M. , Gooding J. Justin , Gaus Katharina 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFocal adhesions are complex multi‐protein structures that mediate cell adhesion and cell migration in multicellular organisms. Most of the protein components involved in focal adhesion formation have been identified, but a major challenge remains: determination of the spatial and temporal dynamics of adhesion proteins in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of adhesion assembly, maturation, signal regulation, and disassembly. Progress in this field has been hampered by the limited resolution of fluorescence microscopy. Recent advances have led to the development of super‐resolution techniques including single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Here, we discuss how the application of these techniques has revealed important new insights into focal adhesion structure and dynamics, including the first description of the three‐dimensional nano‐architecture of focal adhesions and of the dynamic exchange of integrins in focal adhesions. Hence, SMLM has contributed to the refinement of existing models of adhesions as well as the establishment of novel models, thereby opening new research directions. With current improvements in SMLM instrumentation and analysis, it has become possible to study cellular adhesions at the single‐molecule level.