bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiation of recombination suppression and PAR formation during the early stages of neo-sex chromosome differentiation in the Okinawa spiny rat, Tokudaia muenninki
Authors: Murata Chie , Kuroki Yoko , Imoto Issei , Tsukahara Masaru , Ikejiri Naoto , Kuroiwa Asato 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background
Sex chromosomes of extant eutherian species are too ancient to reveal the process that initiated sex-chromosome differentiation. By contrast, the neo-sex chromosomes generated by sex-autosome fusions of recent origin in Tokudaia muenninki are expected to be evolutionarily ‘young’, and therefore provide a good model in which to elucidate the early phases of eutherian sex chromosome evolution. Here we describe the genomic evolution of T. muenninki in neo-sex chromosome differentiation.

Results
FISH mapping of a T. muenninki male, using 50 BAC clones as probes, revealed no chromosomal rearrangements between the neo-sex chromosomes. Substitution-direction analysis disclosed that sequence evolution toward GC-richness, which positively correlates with recombination activity, occurred in the peritelomeric regions, but not middle regions of the neo-sex chromosomes. In contrast, the sequence evolution toward AT-richness was observed in those pericentromeric regions. Furthermore, we showed genetic differentiation between the pericentromeric regions as well as an accelerated rate of evolution in the neo-Y region through the detection of male-specific substitutions by gene sequencing in multiple males and females, and each neo-sex–derived BAC sequencing.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that recombination has been suppressed in the pericentromeric region of neo-sex chromosomes without chromosome rearrangement, whereas high levels of recombination activity is limited in the peritelomeric region of almost undifferentiated neo-sex chromosomes. We conclude that PAR might have been formed on the peritelomeric region of sex chromosomes as an independent event from spread of recombination suppression during the early stages of sex chromosome differentiation.
The Updated Approaches to Cities Territories Protection Against Waters Impacts
Authors: Новиков  , Novikov V. 
Published: October 2015

Urgent problems related to preventive protection of settlements from waters’ negative effects, monitoring
of water resources, investigations, design, construction and operation of engineering protection facilities
have been presented in this paper. The issues of waterproof objects’ funding priority justification have been
considered. The addressed subject in the framework of the scientific school “Risk Management and Security
Assurance for Social-Economic and Political Systems” is devoted to the important economic task solution.
Development of Educational Resources for Health and Safety Training Course
Authors: Попова  , Popova Svyetlana 
Published: October 2015

Evolution of the education system in the health and safety area in interaction with regularities and tendencies
of society progress has been considered in this paper. It has been demonstrated that the study of Health and
Safety Training Course, which is included in all bachelor degree’s educational programs, promotes the formation
of students’ knowledge about regularities related to occurrence and development of hazards, as well
as about emergencies and their possible impact on human beings’ lives and health, formation of skills which
are necessary for future practical activities related to hazard prevention, emergency recovery, people and
environment protection. Distance learning technologies’ evolution features in modern conditions have been
analyzed. The distance learning organization through various forms of studies has been considered. Distance
learning benefits have been listed. The main attention in the paper has been paid to the organization
of educational-methodological and technological support for educational process on the basis of distance
educational technologies for the Health and Safety Training Course. Educational products, as well as teaching
and learning aids, which distance learning should include, have been considered. The special focus
in the paper has been on Health and Safety Training Course teaching through distance learning technologies,
aimed at online teaching empowering through the optimal combination of integrated hardware and
software. Features of practical trainings on a range of Health and Safety Training Course’s subject matters
based on the use of interactive software technologies, which allow simulate a real situation, have been
emphasized. Possibilities of virtual games (simulations) that help to enhance teaching and consolidate students’
knowledge and skills in virtual mode have been considered.
Formation of Administrative Mechanisms for Development of Central Asia Countries’ Transit Economy in Conditions of Integration and Instability
Authors: Зоидов  , Zoidov K. , Медков  , Medkov A. 
Published: October 2015

Methods related to formation of management mechanisms for development of Central Asia countries’ transit
economy in conditions of integration and instability have been considered in this paper. The transit economy
is the business system in which the receipts from the transmission of energy, energy commodities, water
resources, freight and passenger traffic through the country’s territory, as well as provision of transit services
constitute a weighty part of the revenue for authorities, businesses and population in the territory, one
of the foundations of their welfare. Development of cross-border transportation of goods and implementation
of transport and transit potential of Russia and Central Asian countries can and should become a substantial
income sources for business entities, all level budgets and population, as well as the engine for industrial
and technological upgrading, institutional and organizational evolution for the economical systems
of countries and integration associations. Market advantages and disadvantages of the main projects related
to construction and modernization of communication lines in the region have been presented, prerequisites
for creation of transport corridors’ crossing points and formation of transport and logistics centers (nodes)
in the States’ territory have been revealed. It has been shown that although the Central Asia States are
competing for the right to become such centers, their common interest is to maximize the use of all transport
and transit potential of the region that provides the transit economy stability. Emphasis has been placed
on the development of international transport corridor North — South, the conclusion of preference for the
use of its new eastern branch passing along the route Uzen (Kazakhstan) — Gorgan (Iran) through the
Turkmenistan territory has been justified.
About New Public Management Practices in Russian Universities (on Results of Field Studies)
Authors: Ломовицкая  , Lomovitskaya V. , Хватова  , Khvatova T. , Душина  , Dushina S. , Николаенко  , Nikolaenko G. 
Published: October 2015

New public management practices in prestigious universities are researched in this paper. Based on the field
study — higher-education teaching personnel (HETP) interrogation — problem areas related to university managerialism
policy have been revealed. It has been shown, that the administrative machine and control department
extension, as well as low level of professorship involvement in decision-making destroy the academic autonomy
and create a latent conflict between managers and HETP.
Management in Social and Professional Networks
Authors: Колесников  , Kolesnikov M. , Киба  , Kiba M. 
Published: October 2015

The extended idea about “professional network” has been developed based on the concept of “social network”.
The main features and tasks of professional social networks have been revealed. The task of management
in social and professional networks which demanded formalization of criteria and models of their
functioning has been set. Professional social network has been represented as a graph model. Known
models of influence in social and professional networks have been considered and described in detail from
the point of view of their analytical representation. The main features of professional networks influence
on society and production have been revealed. Possibility for mass distribution of information by means
of professional social networks has been analyzed. A mechanism for network agents’ opinion formation
on the basis of authoritative opinion and a trust vector has been revealed.
Effect of Vitamin D or Activated Vitamin D on Circulating 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zittermann Armin , Ernst Jana B , Birschmann Ingvild , Dittrich Marcus 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Evidence is accumulating that circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations are inversely related to overall mortality.

METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase and ISI Web of Science for randomized controlled trials with a control group receiving a placebo instead of vitamin D/activated vitamin D and performed a metaanalysis to evaluate the effect of oral vitamin D/activated vitamin D on circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations using a random effects model.

RESULTS
We included 52 vitamin D intervention groups (4796 individuals) and 14 intervention groups with activated vitamin D (668 individuals). Vitamin D supplements increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D by 12.2 pmol/L (95% CI, 7.8–16.5 pmol/L) and 18.8 pmol/L (95% CI, 9.2–28.4 pmol/L) if only studies with a low risk of bias in study design and reporting were considered (n = 18). There was significant heterogeneity among studies (Cohran's Q P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 91%). The incremental effect was larger in studies using vitamin D alone compared with coadministration of calcium supplements (18.6 pmol/L; 95% CI, 12.7–24.4 pmol/L vs 4.9 pmol/L; 95% CI, −0.4 to 10.2 pmol/L; P = 0.001), and if quantification was performed with RIA vs other methods (17.1 pmol/L; 95% CI, 11.1–23.1 pmol/L vs 6.9 pmol/L; 95% CI, 1.0–12.8 pmol/L; P = 0.02). Activated vitamin D increased the mean circulating 1,25(OH)2D by 20.5 pmol/L (95% CI, 8.3–32.7 pmol/L; P = 0.04). Again, there was evidence for significant heterogeneity among studies (Cochran Q = 85.4; P &lt; 0.001; I2 = 87%), but subgroup analysis did not identify parameters significantly influencing the increment in 1,25(OH)2D concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS
Both vitamin D and activated vitamin D significantly increase circulating 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, but in vitamin D users this increase is suppressed by calcium coadministration.
Effect of fuel content on formation of zinc aluminate nano and micro-particles synthesised by high rate sol–gel autoignition of glycine-nitrates
Authors: Salem Shiva 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe autoignition technique using glycine as fuel and related nitrate salts as an oxidiser is able to produce zinc aluminate spinel. The precursors were synthesised with lean and rich fuel at pH of 7.0 and the materials so obtained were calcined at various temperatures ranging from 600-1200°C. The autoignition process of precursors was studied by the simultaneous thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analyses to determine the ignition mechanism. The calcined powders were characterised by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique and transmission electron microscopy. The product contains nano-sized particles with an average size of approximately 20 nm. The XRD patterns showed the formation of ZnO in the powder obtained by the fuel-rich precursor and calcined at 600°C which disappears at 800°C due to solid-state reaction and proper crystallisation after heat treatment. The results presented here can be useful in manufacturing nano and micro-sized ZnAl
On the issue of growth and development within the context of tourism
Authors: Repík Ondřej 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The question of growth and development is an issue much discussed by professionals as well as the wide public. These discussions are increasingly concerned with tourism, its significance for economic growth and development and its positive and negative consequences. The question of how tourism is to be coordinated in order to help achieve set priorities in the most effective way is related to this. The following text gives a summary of miscellaneous approaches to and views on this issue.
Somatic stem cell aging and malignant transformation – impact on therapeutic application
Authors: Kuniakova Marcela , Oravcova Lenka , Varchulova-Novakova Zuzana , Viglaska Diana , Danisovic Lubos 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSomatic stem cells possess unique properties of self-renewal and plasticity which make them promising candidates for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in addition to serving as efficient delivery vehicles in site-specific therapy. In the case of therapeutic application, it is essential to isolate and culture stem cells in vitro, to obtain them in sufficient quantities. Although long-term cultivation provides an adequate number of cells, it has been shown that this approach is associated with increased risk of transformation of cultured cells, which presents a significant biological hazard. This article reviews information about biological features and cellular events which occur during long-term cultivation of somatic stem cells, with respect to their safe utilization in potential clinical practice.
Perfect is the Enemy of Good: Going to the War on Cancer with Less Evidence than We Could Have
Authors: Franco Eduardo L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRandomized controlled trials have been the mainstay of high-level evidence for or against cancer screening strategies. However, simple proof of reduction in cause-specific mortality is not enough for policymaking, particularly in the last 10 years. Today’s clinical and public health guidelines take into account the balance of risks to benefits from screening, costs, utilities, the political risk of inaction, the societal tolerance to risk, healthcare providers’ preferences, client choices, and other imponderables or subjective variables that cannot be captured or addressed via epidemiologic studies. This commentary uses the above perspective in discussing Miettinen’s arguments concerning the science of breast cancer screening.
Hyper-Production: A New Metric of Multifunctionality
Authors: Brouder Patrick , Karlsson Svante , Lundmark Linda 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Multifunctionality has emerged as the dominant framework for understanding rural socioeconomic landscapes. The central claim of multifunctionality - that rural regions need to be understood as being made up of more than just traditional uses - has led to the incorporation of new rural activities into regional development plans, e.g., tourism. In some places, such post-productive activity is perceived to be slowly replacing productive uses of the land, e.g., agriculture/forestry. However, there is limited empirical evidence to support such claims. Drawing on previous research and data from the Swedish countryside this paper shows that, even as the number of persons employed within traditional activities decreases, the economic output per areal unit and per labour hour is increasing over time and traditional uses still occupy the majority of rural space. Hyper-production is introduced as a new metric for understanding multifunctional regions going forward. The complementary union of economic mainstays, such as agriculture, and newer activities with more quality-of-life benefits, such as tourism, is highlighted in terms of economic diversification, job creation and local social capital development, while the conflict-prone intersection of these two modes is also acknowledged. Understanding hyper-production as a key metric of multifunctionality is thus argued as integral to planning and developing resilient rural regions now and for the future.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties ofFiber-Reinforced Sand under Triaxial Compressionand Direct Shear
Authors: Noorzad Reza , Zarinkolaei Seyed Taher Ghoreyshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis research investigates the behavior of sandreinforced with polypropylene fiber. To do this, 40 directshear tests and 40 triaxial tests were performed on thecoastal beaches of Babolsar, a city in the North of Iran. Theeffect of parameters such as fiber content, length of fiberand normal or confining pressure on the behavior of Babolsarsand have been studied. In this study, four various fibercontents (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 percent), three different lengthsof fiber (6, 12 and 18 mm) and four normal or confiningpressures (50, 100, 200 and 400 kPa) have been employed.The test results show that fiber inclusion has a significanteffect on the behavior of sand. In both direct shear and triaxialtests, the addition of fibers improved shear strengthparameters (C, '), increased peak shear strength and axialstrain at failure, and also limited the amount of post-peakreduction in shear resistance. The comparison of the testresults revealed that due to better fiber orientation towardthe direction of principal tensile strain in triaxial test ascompared to direct shear tests, the fiber efficiency and itseffect on soil behavior is much more significant in triaxialspecimens.
Geochemistry of amphibolites and related graphitic gneisses from the Suchý and Malá Magura Mountains (central Western Carpathians) – evidence for relics of the Variscan ophiolite complex
Authors: Ivan Peter , Méres Štefan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Three small bodies of amphibolites and associated graphitic gneisses from the Suchý and Malá Magura Mountains (Tatric Megaunit, central Western Carpathians) have been studied by petrographic and geochemical methods. Isolated, fault-bounded bodies first hundreds of meters in size are located in the complex of the Early Paleozoic paragneisses and migmatites intruded by the Lower Carboniferous granitoid rocks. Amphibolites (locally actinolite schists) were formed from effusive basalts, dolerites or isotropic gabbros hydrothermally altered and veined before the regional metamorphic transformation. Distribution of the trace elements relatively immobile during the metamorphic alteration (HFSE, REE, Cr, V, Sc) is similar to E-MORB type in the Malá Magura Mountain or to N-MORB/E-MORB types in the Suchý Mountain. Graphitic gneisses to metacherts are rich in silica (up to 88 wt. %) and Ctot, poor in other major element contents and display negative Ce-anomaly, enrichment in HREE, V, Cr and U. They were probably originally deposited as non-carbonate and silica-rich deep-sea sediments in anoxic conditions. The oceanic provenance of amphibolites and related graphitic gneisses clearly indicates their oceanic crust affinity and identity with the uppermost part of the ophiolite sequence. Ophiolite bodies from the Suchý and Malá Magura Mountains are supposed to be relic fault blocks identical with the Upper Devonian Pernek Group which represents a Variscan ophiolite nappe preserved to large extent in the Malé Karpaty Mountains located in the Tatric Megaunit further to the southwest. All these ophiolite relics are vestiges of the original ophiolite suture created by oceanic closure in the Lower Carboniferous.
Design and Testing of the Strain Transducer for Measuring Deformations of Pipelines Operating in the Mining-deformable Ground Environment
Authors: Gawedzki Waclaw , Tarnowski Jerzy 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Design and laboratory test results of the strain transducer intended for monitoring and assessing stress states of pipelines sited in mining areas are presented in this paper. This transducer allows measuring strains of pipelines subjected to external forces - being the mining operations effect. Pipeline strains can have a direct influence on a tightness loss and penetration of the transported fluid into the environment. The original strain gauge transducer was proposed for performing measurements of strains. It allows measuring circumferential strains and determining the value and direction of the main longitudinal strain. This strain is determined on the basis of measuring component longitudinal strains originating from axial forces and the resultant bending moment. The main purpose of investigations was the experimental verification of the possibility of applying the strain transducer for measuring strains of polyethylene pipelines. The obtained results of the transducer subjected to influences of tensile and compression forces are presented and tests of relaxation properties of polyethylene are performed.
Novel Method for Sizing Metallic Bottom Crack Depth Using Multi-frequency Alternating Current Potential Drop Technique
Authors: Li Yuting , Gan Fangji , Wan Zhengjun , Liao Junbi , Li Wenqiang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Potential drop techniques are of two types: the direct current potential drop (DCPD) technique and alternating current potential drop (ACPD) technique, and both of them are used in nondestructive testing. ACPD, as a kind of valid method in sizing metal cracks, has been applied to evaluate metal structures. However, our review of most available approaches revealed that some improvements can be done in measuring depth of metal bottom crack by means of ACPD, such as accuracy and sensitivity of shallow crack. This paper studied a novel method which utilized the slope of voltage ratio-frequency curve to solve bottom crack depth by using a simple mathematic equation based on finite element analysis. It is found that voltage ratio varies linearly with frequency in the range of 5-15 Hz; this range is slightly higher than the equivalent frequency and lower than semi-permeable frequency. Simulation and experiment show that the novel method can measure the bottom crack depth accurately.
Crystal structure of chlorido-(2-ethoxy-6-(((quinolin-8-yl)methyl)-phenolato-κ3N,N′,O)-copper(II), C18H15ClCuN2O2
Authors: Li Shengli , Li Zhenhua , Kong Lingqian , Xu Jianzhong , Ju Xiuping 
Published: October 2015

AbstractC18H15ClCuN2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.949(2) Å, b = 22.198(5) Å, c = 8.279(2) Å, β = 106.646(3)°, V = 1575.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0293, wRref(F2) = 0.0778, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of potassium diaqua dihydroxy(methylenediphosphonato-κ2-O,O′)cobaltate(III), CH10CoKO10P2
Authors: Muller Kina A. , Venter Johan A. , Visser Hendrik G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCH10CoKO10P2, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 14.034(2) Å, b = 9.322(5) Å, c = 8.504(4) Å, V = 1112.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0367, wRref(F2) = 0.1061, T = 100 K.
Model for Determining the Stability of Retail Deposits with Higher Outflow Rates / Model za izračun stabilnosti vlog na drobno z višjo stopnjo odliva
Authors: Murks Bašič Aleksandra 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Retail deposits are treated as one of the cheapest and most stable funding sources for banks, especially for those with high volumes of retail deposits. A bank defines three main categories of retail deposits that are subject to different outflow rates for the purpose of liquidity coverage requirements in reporting and compliance. The outflow rates for the first two main groups are 5% and 10% respectively, but for the third main group the bank calculates its own outflow rates. We analyzed the latter in this paper. Each bank should assign retail deposits to one of the three categories based on the number and type of predetermined risk factors. Risk factors are divided into two groups according to the degree of risk. The paper first describes the legislative framework, followed by the method of calculating higher outflow rates for retail deposits according to the historical movements and the expected volatility assessment in the situation of stress conditions. At the end of the paper, we briefly provide the future treatment of retail deposits with higher outflow rates.