bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early intervention for adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Pilot evaluation of an outpatient group therapy prior to inpatient treatment
Authors: Stonawski Valeska , Stehbach Christiane , Bauer Marlen , Wangler Susanne , Moll Gunther H. , Horndasch Stefanie , Kratz Oliver 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveAn increasing demand for inpatient treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) during and after the Covid‐19 pandemic contrasts with limited capacity and long waiting times. The current pilot study evaluated an outpatient group therapy (GT) as early intervention for adolescents with AN prior to inpatient treatment.MethodsSeventeen female adolescents who participated at the GT (intervention group, INT) were compared to 16 adolescents without GT (treatment‐as‐usual, TAU). BMI, eating disorder psychopathology and motivation of change (MoC) were assessed at three timepoints.ResultsComparing pre‐ versus post‐ group participation, we identified a significant increase of MoC and a trend towards a decreased AN‐specific psychopathology. Comparing INT with TAU adolescents, we found a significant lower AN psychopathology at inpatient admission for the INT group and a trend for different BMI courses: While the BMI of the TAU group decreased during waiting time, the INT group did not show a decrease during GT resulting in a higher BMI at admission.ConclusionsResults of the current pilot study suggest positive effects of an early outpatient intervention in a group setting for adolescents with AN prior to inpatient treatment. Further research with larger sample sizes is necessary to validate the current pilot results.
Affinities of the Ocotea (Lauraceae) species from Cuba
Authors: Rohwer Jens G. , Zinser Jan , de Moraes Pedro Luís Rodrigues , Trofimov Dimitrij 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe affinities of the Ocotea species from Cuba are examined based on sequences of the nuclear ITS region and the chloroplast psbA‐trnH spacer, supplemented by SEM studies on stomatal morphology. The species with bisexual flowers, all of them endemic either to the Greater Antilles or Cuba only, form (at least) two phylogenetically distinct groups. Ocotea bucheri, O. libanensis, O. moaensis, O. reticularis, and an undescribed species, all of them endemics of Eastern Cuba, form the sister group to the genus Damburneya. The remaining species form two clades nested in the Praelicaria clade. It remains uncertain if these two clades are sister to each other or not. The two widespread dioecious species show the expected affinities to conspecific material from other parts of the Neotropics.
Low‐calorie functional dairy dessert enriched by prebiotic fibers and high antioxidant herbal extracts: A study of optimization and rheological properties
Authors: Hosseinipour Seyyedeh Leila , Ghanbarzadeh Babak , Mofid Vahid , Soltani Mostafa , Hosseini Hedayat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe formulations of functional low‐calorie dairy dessert, enriched with inulin/polydextrose (as a starch substitute), and ginger/cinnamon extract (as a flavor component and natural antioxidants), were developed and optimized by the D‐optimal mixed design method. In the first stage, using the hedonic sensory evaluation and syneresis data, the optimal concentrations of inulin and polydextrose were obtained as 2.49% inulin and 1.51% polydextrose, respectively. The steady shear rheological test showed that the replacement of starch with inulin and polydextrose caused a decrease in apparent viscosity in all dessert samples. This decrease was higher in the samples containing polydextrose than those containing inulin. The replacement of starch with inulin and polydextrose also reduced the hysteresis loop area and thixotropic behavior. In the second stage, 0–0.4% of ginger and cinnamon extracts were added to the optimum sample and then the antioxidant and color properties of dessert samples were evaluated. The lightness (L*) Hunter parameter decreased by adding extracts and the samples containing cinnamon extract showed a higher a* parameter than the control and ginger‐incorporated samples. The result of the 2,2‐diphenyl 1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay showed that the antioxidant capacity of ginger extract was significantly higher than that of cinnamon extract. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of dessert samples decreased by adding 0.4% cinnamon and ginger extracts from 88.30 mg/mL to 77.04 and 31.94 mg/mL, respectively.
Low Mach number limit of a diffuse interface model for two‐phase flows of compressible viscous fluids
Authors: Abels Helmut , Liu Yadong , Nečasová Šárka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a singular limit problem for a diffuse interface model for two immiscible compressible viscous fluids. Via a relative entropy method, we obtain a convergence result for the low Mach number limit to a corresponding system for incompressible fluids in the case of well‐prepared initial data and same densities in the limit.
The Bioethicist as Healer
Authors: DuBois James M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCombativeness is a social illness. We are surrounded by culture wars over abortion, vaccine mandates, transgender care, how we die, and even how we define death. The problem is not that we disagree, but how we disagree: too often, with anger, aggression, and a sense of urgency to win against the other. Bioethicists have the knowledge and skills needed to model constructive disagreement and respectful calls for change. Bioethicists may have increased awareness that everyone suffers from unconscious self‐serving biases—we are all imperfect. They are trained to recognize competing values and to engage in processes of balancing values in social contexts. Clinical ethicists are additionally trained in mediation, which involves acknowledging goodwill, listening deeply, apologizing when needed, and seeking common ground. In short, bioethicists have many of the tools needed to be healers of a culture afflicted with combativeness.
Lachnoclostridium intestinal flora is associated with immunotherapy efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yu Zikun , Wang Qin , Wang Zimeng , Liu Sihan , Xia Tianliang , Duan Chongyang , Liu Youping , Ding Xi , Chen Siyuan , Yu Tao , You Rui , Chen Mingyuan , Huang Peiyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundEffective biomarkers for assessing anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy efficacy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still lacking. The human gut microbiota has been shown to influence clinical response to anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy in many cancers. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma has not been determined.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study in which fecal and blood samples from patients with NPC were subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing and survival analysis. To investigate potential differences in the gut microbiome between these groups and to identify potential biomarkers indicative of immunotherapy efficacy, patients were categorized into two groups according to their clinical response to immunotherapy, the responder group (R group) and the non‐responder group (NR group). Progression‐free survival (PFS) between these subgroups was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with the log‐rank test. Additionally, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate prognostic factors. Finally, we carried out non‐targeted metabolomics to examine the metabolic effects associated with the identified microbiome.ResultsOur 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the abundance of Lachnoclostridium was higher in the NR group than in the R group (p = 0.003), and alpha diversity analysis showed that the abundance of microbiota in the NR group was higher than that in the R group (p = 0.050). Patients with a lower abundance of Lachnoclostridium had better PFS (p = 0.048). Univariate (p = 0.017) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.040) showed that Lachnoclostridium was a predictor of PFS. Non‐targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that Lachnoclostridium affects the efficacy of immunotherapy through the usnic acid.ConclusionsHigh abundance of Lachnoclostridium predicts poor prognosis in patients with NPC receiving immunotherapy.
Effective process quality control management for constipation prevention in hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome: An observational study
Authors: Miao Xing , Zheng Yan , Huang Xiufang , Jiang Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring and managing process quality control indicators in the prevention of constipation among hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsA total of 512 hospitalized patients diagnosed with ACS between January and June 2022 were screened for inclusion in the study. Ultimately, 456 eligible participants were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the chronological order of admission: the control group and the observation group. Upon admission, both groups of patients received routine constipation prevention measures in the department. However, the observation group was subjected to targeted process quality control management, which included monitoring and managing five indicators related to constipation prevention: correctness of bowel movement recording; usage rate of laxatives; execution rate of physical interventions; implementation rate of constipation prevention education; completion rate of dietary structure and habit assessments. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with t tests and χ2 tests for group comparisons.ResultsIn comparison to the control group, the observation group demonstrated significant advantages in terms of constipation incidence, completion rates of the five process quality control indicators, occurrence rates of adverse cardiac events during defecation, and PHQ‐9 scores before discharge. These disparities demonstrated statistical significance with a p value < 0.05.ConclusionTarget‐oriented process quality control management is shown to be effective in reducing constipation incidence and adverse cardiac events during constipation episodes, as well as alleviating depressive symptoms among ACS patients, thus providing a safe and effective approach to constipation prevention.
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney with hepatic invasion
Authors: Takanashi Masato , Asaoka Miho , Imano Masashi , Fujioka Azumi , Oishi Yuka , Matsuda Goro , Chiba Sawako , Hirai Kotaro 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney is rare, with only a few cases reported to date.Case presentationA right renal mass was detected in a 73‐year‐old asymptomatic man. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography showed a hypodensity mass extending from the upper pole of the kidney to the right lobe of the liver. Renal biopsy revealed that this tumor was squamous cell carcinoma. One month later, computed tomography showed rapid tumor growth. Radical nephrectomy and partial hepatic resection were performed. Pathological analysis indicated that this tumor originated from the tubular epithelium, and the patient was diagnosed with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney.Following up without adjuvant therapy, he developed retroperitoneal recurrence and multiple lung metastases and expired.ConclusionIn this case, squamous cell carcinoma of the kidney invaded the liver and progressed rapidly. Considering these observations, surgical resection should be promptly performed in suspected cases.
CD38/cADPR‐mediated calcium signaling in a human myometrial smooth muscle cell line, PHM1
Authors: Dogan Soner , Walseth Timothy F. , Guvenc Tuna Bilge , Uçar Eda , Kannan Mathur S. , Deshpande Deepak A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCyclic ADP‐ribose (cADPR) has emerged as a calcium‐regulating second messenger in smooth muscle cells. CD38 protein possesses ADP‐ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activities and mediates cADPR synthesis and degradation. We have previously shown that CD38 expression is regulated by estrogen and progesterone in the myometrium. Considering hormonal regulation in gestation, the objective of the present study was to determine the role of CD38/cADPR signaling in the regulation of intracellular calcium upon contractile agonist stimulation using immortalized pregnant human myometrial (PHM1) cells. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and biochemical studies confirmed CD38 expression and the presence of ADP‐ribosyl cyclase (2.6 ± 0.1 pmol/mg) and cADPR hydrolase (26.8 ± 6.8 nmoles/mg/h) activities on the PHM1 cell membrane. Oxytocin, PGF2α, and ET‐1 elicited [Ca2+]i responses, and 8‐Br‐cADPR, a cADPR antagonist significantly attenuated agonist‐induced [Ca2+]i responses between 20% and 46% in average. The findings suggest that uterine contractile agonists mediate their effects in part through CD38/cADPR signaling to increase [Ca2+]i and presumably uterine contraction. As studies in humans are limited by the availability of myometrium from healthy donors, PHM1 cells form an in vitro model to study human myometrium.
Validation of ablation site classification accuracy and trends in the prediction of potential reconnection sites for atrial fibrillation using the CARTONET® R12.1 model
Authors: Sasaki Wataru , Tanaka Naomichi , Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Kawano Daisuke , Narita Masataka , Naganuma Tsukasa , Tsutsui Kenta , Mori Hitoshi , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Arai Takahide , Matsumoto Kazuo , Kato Ritsushi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCARTONET® enables automatic ablation site classification and reconnection site prediction using machine learning. However, the accuracy of the site classification model and trends of the site prediction model for potential reconnection sites are uncertain.MethodsWe studied a total of 396 cases. About 313 patients underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), including a cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation (PVI group) and 83 underwent PVI and additional ablation (i.e., box isolation) (PVI+ group). We investigated the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) for automatic site classification in the total cohort and compared these metrics for PV lesions versus non‐PV lesions. The distribution of potential reconnection sites and confidence level for each site was also investigated.ResultsA total of 29,422 points were analyzed (PV lesions [n = 22 418], non‐PV lesions [n = 7004]). The sensitivity and PPV of the total cohort were 71.4% and 84.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and PPV of PV lesions were significantly higher than those of non‐PV lesions (PV lesions vs. non‐PV lesions, %; sensitivity, 75.3 vs. 67.5, p < .05; PPV, 91.2 vs. 67.9, p < .05). CTI and superior vena cava could not be recognized or analyzed. In the potential reconnection prediction model, the incidence of potential reconnections was highest in the posterior, while the confidence was the highest in the roof.ConclusionThe automatic site classification of the CARTONET®R12.1 model demonstrates relatively high accuracy in pulmonary veins excluding the carina. The prediction of potential reconnection sites feature tends to anticipate areas with poor catheter stability as reconnection sites.
Raman Spectroscopy Against Harmful Nitrogen‐Based Compounds in Cultural Heritage Materials
Authors: Huidobro Jennifer , Arana Gorka , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTNitrogen‐based compounds are widespread in the environment due to various sources of natural and anthropogenic origin that introduce them from the most reducing form (the acidic ammonium cation) to the most oxidized (the nitrate anion). In addition, some environmental conditions, such as pH and redox potential, favor secondary reactions of nitrogenous compounds. An example of this is the harmful effect of nitrates on cultural heritage (CH), which poses a threat to its preservation. This is due to their high solubility and mobility, which allow them to penetrate the structure of the materials. As a result of their crystallization/dissolution and hydration/dehydration cycles, the precipitation of nitrate salts in the pores causes internal fractures, leading to the subsequent deterioration and loss of the material. The detection of these salts is a straightforward process in analytical chemistry, but it is imperative to use nondestructive and noninvasive analytical techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, because of the need to preserve CH. In this work, we have compiled the sources and pathways that contribute to the formation of nitrogen‐based compounds, especially nitrate salts in various CH components. Finally, the Raman spectrum characteristic of the nitrate family has also been explained, including the most damaging nitrates found in CH, such as niter, nitratine, nitrocalcite, nitromagnesite, nitrobarite, and nitrammite, and has been compiled. In addition, less common nitrates, some nitrites, and other ammonium compounds have been included in this database.
Scoping review search practices in the social sciences: A scoping review
Authors: Logan Judith , Webb Jenaya , Singh Nalini K. , Tanner Nailisa , Barrett Kathryn , Wall Margaret , Walsh Benjamin , Ayala Ana Patricia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA thorough literature search is a key feature of scoping reviews. We investigated the search practices used by social science researchers as reported in their scoping reviews. We collected scoping reviews published between 2015 and 2021 from Social Science Citation Index. In the 2484 included studies, we observed a 58% average annual increase in published reviews, primarily from clinical and applied social science disciplines. Bibliographic databases comprised most of the information sources in the primary search strategy (n = 9565, 75%), although reporting practices varied. Most scoping reviews (n = 1805, 73%) included at least one supplementary search strategy. A minority of studies (n = 713, 29%) acknowledged an LIS professional and few listed one as a co‐author (n = 194, 8%). We conclude that to improve reporting and strengthen the impact of the scoping review method in the social sciences, researchers should consider (1) adhering to PRISMA‐S reporting guidelines, (2) employing more supplementary search strategies, and (3) collaborating with LIS professionals.
Cultural Tourism and Governance in Peripheral Regions
Authors: Harfst Jörn , Syrbe Ralf‐Uwe , Kern Carmen , Wirth Peter , Sandriester Jasmin , Pstrocka‐Rak Malgorzata , Dolzblasz Sylwia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPeripheral regions are seen in the literature as disadvantaged in various dimensions, struggling to valorise their existing (cultural) assets. Networking is often considered an integral part in unlocking these assets, an approach also fostered by different regional policies. In this article, we analyse governance arrangements around tourism assets in three central European regions. The comparison provides an important input to existing discussions on cultural tourism, regional development and governance in peripheral places. The analysis shows that formal governance structures in the case study regions are often well developed but that policy‐making capacities are limited by a low stakeholder base.
What I was thinking/what I would do differently: Technology‐enabled traumatic stress support
Authors: Marx Brian P. , Rothbaum Barabara O. , Vermetten Eric 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAt the 39th meeting of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, three leading researchers and clinicians in technology‐enabled traumatic stress support were invited to reflect on their careers and contributions to the field. Dr. Brian P. Marx has led the development of large‐scale technologies to screen, assess, and treat traumatic stress pathology across diverse etiologies and needs. Dr. Barbara O. Rothbaum, a pioneer in the development of virtual reality for exposure therapy, has demonstrated the efficacy and scalability of digital treatment for traumatic stress. Retired Col. Dr. Eric Vermetten has worked extensively on the intersection of basic mechanisms, novel psychological and biological treatment, and technology for scalable assessment and treatment, primarily in military and mass casualty contexts. The panelists were asked to reflect on their initial ambitions, concerns, unexpected challenges, and the influence of their work on new research trajectories. Their insights provide valuable lessons about the process and content of their work, and their pioneering efforts have significantly advanced the field of technology‐enabled traumatic stress support.
Virtual reality for improvement of patient experience during endovenous laser ablation for venous insufficiency
Authors: Taylor Mitchell A. , Plampton Katherine , High Robin , Wysong Ashley , Sutton Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic venous insufficiency is a commonly underdiagnosed, highly prevalent disease that causes significant patient morbidity.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the utility of virtual reality (VR) during outpatient endovenous laser ablation procedures with the goal of reducing patient‐reported anxiety or pain. The authors also sought to examine the effects on patient‐reported overall satisfaction.MethodsPatients completed a two‐part survey interrupted by an immersive VR experience. Differences in the pre‐ and post‐VR surveys were compared using a chi‐square test. The pain scores were compared using a t‐test.ResultsThe pre‐VR mean Beck Anxiety Inventory score was 1.41, decreasing post‐VR to 1.33 (a reduction of 0.08; p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences for 3 questions including 'Are you currently feeling fear of the worst happening' (p = 0.04), 'Are you currently feeling nervous' (p < 0.001), and 'Are you currently feeling scared' (p = 0.04).ConclusionsOverall, our study demonstrates that a VR experience during endovenous laser ablations significantly improved measures of anxiety and patient satisfaction.
Age‐related Variation in Sleep‐dependent Obstruction in Surgically Naive Children
Authors: McArdle Erica , Dewey John , Cui Ruifeng , Hunt Connor , Kais Amani , Jaffal Hussein 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveLittle is known about age‐related variations in sites and grade of sleep‐dependent airway obstruction in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing (oSDB). The objective was to compare sites and grade of obstruction on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) across different age groups of surgically naïve children with OSA or oSDB.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed for surgically naïve children aged 0–18 years with OSA/oSDB who underwent DISE from July 2021 to August 2023. Participants were categorized into: infants (aged 0–1 years), younger toddlers (aged 1–2 years), older toddlers (aged 2–3 years), preschool (aged 3–5 years), younger school‐aged (aged 5–10 years), and older school‐aged (aged 10–18 years). On DISE, obstruction was rated 0 = none/mild, 1 = moderate, 2 = severe for inferior turbinates, adenoid, velum, palatine tonsils/lateral pharyngeal wall, lingual tonsils, tongue base, epiglottis, and supra‐arytenoid tissue. A series of multiple regression analyses were used to identify age differences in the grade of obstruction across all sites combined and at each individual site separately.ResultsThe sample consisted of 252 children aged 1 month to 17 years with 57.9% males. Older patients had greater total obstruction scores (B = 0.42, SE = 0.10, p < 0.01) and greater number of sites that were severely obstructed (B = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.03). Older age groups had more obstruction at inferior turbinates (p = 0.02), adenoid (p < 0.01), palatine tonsils/lateral pharyngeal wall (p < 0.01), lingual tonsil (p < 0.01), and base of tongue (p < 0.01). Younger age groups had more obstruction at the supra‐arytenoid tissue (p < 0.01).ConclusionVarying patterns of sleep‐dependent airway obstruction should be expected across different age groups in children with OSA or oSDB.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024