bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterosis and Expressivity of Apospory in Tetraploid Bahiagrass Hybrids
Authors: Zilli A.L. , Brugnoli E. A. , Marcón F. , Billa M. B. , Rios E. F. , Martínez E. J. , Acuña C. A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBreeding procedures developed for apomictic species are based on the idea of fixing superior hybrids by apomixis. However, scarce information is available about the occurrence of heterosis in apomictic hybrids. The objective was to generate a group of apomixis‐segregating tetraploid bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) families, evaluate the occurrence of heterosis for a series of agronomic and morphological traits, determine the level of apospory expressivity among hybrids, and estimate the genetic distance among parents and its relationship to heterosis and apospory expressivity. In total, 11 tetraploid families were generated by crossing sexual and apomitic genotypes. The segregation for mode of reproduction was analyzed using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker linked to apospory in bahiagrass, and the level of apospory expressivity was determined using embryo sac observations. The genetic distances between parents were determined using inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The ratio between sexual and aposporic hybrids varied from 1:1 to 7:1 among families. Discontinuous variation for apospory expressivity was observed in the hybrids, with either low or high levels being exhibited. Midparent, high‐parent, and standard heterosis was observed for all evaluated characteristics. The level of heterosis was dependent on the combination of parents involved and also on the specific trait. There was a low correlation between genetic distances among parents and initial growth and the level of apospory expressivity. The occurrence of heterosis and the segregation and expressivity for apospory were highly dependent on the combination of sexual and apomictic parents.
Resistance to Charcoal Rot Identified in Ancestral Soybean Germplasm
Authors: Pawlowski M. L. , Hill C. B. , Hartman G. L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCharcoal rot, caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, is an economically important disease on soybean and other crops including maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Without effective cultural or chemical options to control charcoal rot in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], finding sources of genetic resistance is of high interest. In this study, 70 ancestral soybean genotypes were screened for resistance to M. phaseolina using a cut‐stem inoculation technique under semi‐controlled greenhouse conditions. Lesion progression on the stems in the first experiment was measured 7 to 15 d after inoculation. Three follow‐up experiments were conducted to select and confirm the genotypes with the strongest partial resistance. Two experiments evaluated lesion lengths and the third experiment evaluated seedling survival. In the two experiments measuring lesion lengths, PI 548302 (42 and 38 mm) and PI 548414 (36 and 52 mm) had significantly shorter lesion lengths than the moderately resistant genotype, DT97‐4290 (58 and 87 mm). In the fourth experiment, percentage survival of PI 548414 (88%), PI 548302 (81%), and PI 548178 (66%) were significantly higher than survival of DT97‐4290 (32%). These three genotypes may be useful as parents for developing soybean cultivars with charcoal rot resistance.
New Soybean Accessions Evaluated for Reaction to Heterodera glycines Populations
Authors: Arelli Prakash R. , Mengistu Alemu , Nelson Randall L. , Cianzio Silvia R. , Vuong Tri 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSoybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a serious pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], in the United States and worldwide. Annual yield losses in the United States are estimated to be more than $1 billion. These losses have remained stable with the use of resistant cultivars, but over time nematodes will adapt to deployed resistance alleles. Currently used resistant cultivars do not have broad resistance. Soybean Plant Introduction (PI) 88788 and its derived cultivars continue to be the primary source of SCN resistance. It is important to identify new accessions with resistance to SCN as the first step to finding new alleles to provide long‐term resistance. We have bioassayed in the greenhouse 100 newly available accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection. We published methods to bioassay in the greenhouse, including culturing of nematodes to develop near‐homogeneous populations for stable reactions on soybeans. Sixty‐seven accessions with resistance reaction to Race 2 and/or Race 3 were identified, and SCN resistance was confirmed in replicated multiple tests. Among them, seventeen were yellow seeded. Soybean PIs that were yellow seeded and had resistance to both the races included PIs 512322D, 522186, and 567488B. These are the most desirable sources for development of soybean cultivars with resistance. These soybean lines will be evaluated for their genetic diversity to identify unique types to allow broadening of resistance gene introgression.
A framework for estimating anchor ice extent at potential formation sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Authors: Mager Sarah M. , Leonard Gregory H. , Pauling Andrew G. , Smith Inga J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA distinctive feature of polar regions is the formation of ice clusters attached to the seabed, known as ‘anchor ice’. Anchor ice plays an important role in mobilizing bed sediments, and serves ecological roles providing habitats, or as an agent of disturbance creating potentially fatal environments to benthic fauna. The sublittoral zone associated with the landward margin represents the most likely environment for anchor ice formation, where conditions conducive to the advection of supercooled water from sub-ice-shelf cavities are favourable. We develop a framework to estimate the areal extent of anchor ice formation assuming a northerly flow of 75m deep supercooled water plumes from the Ross and McMurdo Ice Shelf cavities, Antarctica. In McMurdo Sound our results indicate that regions beneath the McMurdo Ice Shelf, extending along Brown Peninsula and White and Black Islands, are likely conducive to anchor ice formation. Anchor ice may also form along the Hut Point Peninsula and around Ross Island, and in pockets along the southern Victoria Land coast. The limitations of our approach include an imposed northerly flow of Ice Shelf Water, poorly constrained sub-ice-shelf bathymetry, and temporal variability in supercooled water depth production, particularly in the eastern Sound.
Antarctic sea-ice thickness and volume estimates from ice charts between 1995 and 1998
Authors: Bernstein E. Rachel , Geiger Cathleen A. , Deliberty Tracy L. , Lemcke-Stampone Mary D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis work evaluates two distinct calculations of central tendency for sea-ice thickness and quantifies the impact such calculations have on ice volume for the Southern Ocean. The first calculation, area-weighted average thickness, is computed from polygonal ice features and then upscaled to regions. The second calculation, integrated thickness, is a measure of the central value of thickness categories tracked across different scales and subsequently summed to chosen regions. Both methods yield the same result from one scale to the next, but subsequent scales develop diverging solutions when distributions are strongly non-Gaussian. Data for this evaluation are sea-ice stage-of-development records from US National Ice Center ice charts from 1995 to 1998, as proxy records of ice thickness. Results show regionally integrated thickness exceeds area-weighted average thickness by as much as 60% in summer with as few as five bins in thickness distribution. Year-round, the difference between the two calculations yields volume differences consistently >10%. The largest discrepancies arise due to bimodal distributions which are common in ice charts based on current subjective-analysis protocols. We recommend that integrated distribution be used for regional-scale sea-ice thickness and volume estimates from ice charts and encourage similar testing of other large-scale thickness data archives.
Comparative shelf life study of whole fish and fillets of cultured striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) during ice storage condition
Authors: Islami Salma Noor E , Faisal Md , Akter Mousumi , Reza Md Shaheed , Kamal Md 
Published: April 2015

Correction: On 29th April 2015 the last line of the abstract was changed from  the shelf life of Thai-Pangas in ice stored condition is 18 days for filleted and 21 days for the whole fish. TO the shelf life of Thai-Pangas in ice stored condition is 21 days and 18 days for the whole fish and fillets, respectively. The page numbers of this article were also changed from 175-181 to 177-183.. A comparative study on the shelf life of whole fish and fillet of cultured striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ) under ice storage condition was carried out by determining organoleptic and biochemical aspects in the month of September and October. It was found that shelf life of whole fish was 21 days where as fillet had slightly lower of 18 days shelf life. Value of pH changed from 7.07 to 6.97 after 24 days for whole fish and 6.88 for fillet after 21 days at the termination of experiment, pH remained to 6.5 for fillet after 18 days of ice storage. TVB-N value increased from an initial value of 1.68 mg/100g to 28.83 mg/100g in 21 days in whole fish and finally to rejection value of 35.89 mg/100g at the end of 24 days storage period. As for fillets TVB-N value was at acceptable level of 24.79 mg/100g until 18 days of storage at same condition. Myofibriller protein solubility gradually decreased with storage period for both whole fish and fillets. The results of this study indicated that in regard to organoleptic and biochemical aspects the shelf life of Thai-Pangas in ice stored condition is 18 days for filleted and 21 days for the whole fish.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 177-183, April 2015
Can sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter be used to detect raised intracranial pressure in patients with tuberculous meningitis? A prospective observational study
Authors: Sangani Shruti V , Parikh Samira 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCNS Tuberculosis can manifest as meningitis, arachnoiditis and a tuberculoma. The rupture of a tubercle into the subarachnoid space leads to Tuberculosis Meningitis (TBME); the resulting hypersensitivity reaction can lead to an elevation of the intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. While bedside optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) ultrasonography (USG) can be a sensitive screening test for elevated intracranial pressure in adult head injury, little is known regarding ONSD measurements in Tuberculosis Meningitis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with TBME had dilation of the optic nerve sheath, as detected by ocular USG performed in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study on adult ED patients with suspected TBME. Patients underwent USG measurements of the optic nerve followed by MRI. The ONSD was measured 3 mm behind the globe in each eye. MRI evidence of basilar meningeal enhancement and any degree of hydrocephalus was suggestive of TBME. Those patients without evidence of hydrocephalus subsequently underwent a lumbar puncture to confirm the diagnosis. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 and obvious ocular pathology. In total, the optic nerve sheath diameters of 25 adults with confirmed TBME were measured. These measurements were compared with 120 control patients. Results: The upper limit of normal ONSD was 4.37 mm in control group. Those patients with TBME had a mean ONSD of 5.81 mm (SD 0.42). These results confirm that patients with tuberculosis meningitis have an ONSD in excess of the control data (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The evaluation of the ONSD is a simple non-invasive and potentially useful tool in the assessment of adults suspected of having TBME.
An evaluation of the reproducibility of landmark identification in traditional versus computer-assisted digital cephalometric analysis system
Authors: Agrawal Manish Suresh , Manish Agrawal Jiwan Asha , Patni Vivek , Nanjannawar Lalita 
Published: April 2015

Objective
To determine the reliability of Computer Assisted Digital Cephalometric Analysis System (CADCAS) in terms of landmark identification on the values of cephalometric measurements in comparison with those obtained from original radiographs.

Materials and Methods
The study material consisted of Twenty five lateral cephalograms selected randomly, 16 cephalometric points together with 10 angular and 5 linear cephalometric measurements. The landmarks were manually picked on the tracing & the measurements of X &Y axis done with reference grid. The same tracing was digitized & image loaded in the software (ViewBox 3.1.1) was checked for the magnification (metal ruler) & distortion. The second part of the study compared manual and the CADCAS since the landmarks were manually digitized on screen as against the manually picked ones on the tracing paper. The x and y-coordinates for 16 landmarks were measured, mean and standard deviation calculated, linear and angular measurements compared.

Statistical Analysis
A paired t-test was done to calculate the statistical significance of the differences. Intraclass reliability coefficient (signifying reproducibility) of the variable was recorded. The observations were tabulated and analysis was done using the paired t test at a P value <0.05.

Results
Out of 47 variables looked for, 21 showed statistical significance. Direct digitization onscreen (CADCAS) was the quickest and least tedious method. CADCAS was unreliable with linear measurements involving bilateral structures such as Gonion & Articulare.

Conclusions
Both the methods are equally reliable and reproducible. The intra-class reliability coefficient of all variables differed only slightly, which is not clinically significant.
Evaluating condylar position in different skeletal malocclusion patterns: A cephalometric study
Authors: Hegde Sandesh S. , Revankar Ameet V. , Patil Anand K. 
Published: April 2015

ContextThe cranial base and variations in its morphology affect the anterior-posterior positioning of jaws causing changes in the glenoid fossa and condylar position.AimsTo evaluate the condylar position in patients with different skeletal sagittal malocclusion patterns.Materials and MethodsPretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 112 subjects (both males and females) were categorized into three classes (Class I, Class II, Class III) based on their ANB angulation and studied for N-S-Ar (saddle angle), S-Ar-Go (articular angle), S-Ar (posterior cranial base length).Statistical AnalysisShapiro-Wilk test was done to check for normality of the distribution of values. Groups were evaluated using parametric tests (one-way ANOVA). Significance for all tests was predetermined asP< 0.05.ResultsN-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go and also S-Ar did not vary significantly in all the three classes. N-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go angles have shown a significant negative correlation in all the three classes.ConclusionsThere is no significant difference in condylar position in different skeletal malocclusion patterns. N-S-Ar and S-Ar-Go angles show a negative correlation in any skeletal malocclusion pattern.
Lapų dėmėtligių paplitimas skirtingų veislių cukrinių runkelių pasėliuose
Authors: Baltaduonytė Milda , Dabkevičius Zenonas 
Published: April 2015

Cukrinių runkelių pasėlius labiausiai pažeidžia rudmargė (sukėlėjas – <i>Cercospora beticola</i> Sacc.), baltuliai (<i>Ramularia beticola</i> Fautrey & F. Lamb.) ir fomozė (<i>Pleospora betae</i> Björl.), kurios apibendrintai dažnai vadinamos lapų dėmėtligėmis. Kauno augalų veislių tyrimų stotyje 2011 ir 2012 m. augintuose 14 veislių cukrinių runkelių pasėliuose buvo įvertintas šių ligų paplitimas ir intensyvumas. Nustatyta, kad tyrimų metais skirtingose veislėse lapų dėmėtligės pažeidė 35,6–100 % lapų ir intensyvumas svyravo 2,16–19,63 %. Labiausiai runkelius pažeidė rudmargė, kurios intensyvumas – 1,73–16,71 %, mažiau baltuliai – intensyvumas 0,23–1,83 % ir mažiausiai – fomozė, jos intensyvumas tesiekė tik 0,07–0,84 %. Pagal pažeidi­mą la­pų dėmėtligėmis veislės labai skyrėsi. Tyrimų duomenys atskleidė, kad vi­soms gry­bi­nėms lapų dėmėtligėms jautriausios buvo ‘Bartok’, ‘Frieda KWS’, ‘Ja­gu­sia’, ‘Jo­nas’, ‘Minta’, ‘Primadona KWS’, ‘Scorpion’ ir ‘Wapiti’, o atspariausios – ‘Charly’, ‘Gustav’, ‘Eldorado’, ‘Shannon’, ‘Wellington’ ir ‘Zoom’ veislės.
Palankios augalų mitybinės terpės sukūrimas taikant alternatyvias žemdirbystės sistemas
Authors: Masilionytė Laura , Maikštėnienė Stanislava 
Published: April 2015

Tyrimų tikslas – nustatyti dirvožemyje biogeninių elementų pokyčius ekologinės žemdirbystės sistemose tręšimui naudojant mėšlą, raudonųjų dobilų biomasę žaliajai trąšai ir jų derinius, o tausojamosiose – mitybos elementų kiekį papildant mineralinėmis trąšomis. Tyrimai atlikti Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro (LAMMC) Joniškėlio bandymų stotyje 2006–2013 m. sunkaus priemolio giliau karbonatingame giliau glėjiškame rudžemyje (RDg4-k2), <i>Endocalcari-Endohypogleyic Cambisol</i> (<i>CMg-n-w-can</i>), kuriam būdingas mažas fosforingumas ir vidutinis arba didelis kalingumas. Sėjomainos rotacija: paprastasis miežis (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) + įs. → raudonasis dobilas (<i>Trifolium pratense</i> L.) → paprastasis kvietys (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) → sėjamasis žirnis (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.). Nustatyta, kad skirtingo humusingumo dirvožemyje, trąšai naudojant raudonųjų dobilų masę, mėšlą 40 Mg kg<sup>–1</sup> ar jų derinius po pirmosios 4 laukų rotacijos dirvožemio fosforingumas išliko artimas buvusiam, o po antrosios – nustatytas ženklus sumažėjimas. Tai rodo, kad panaudotų agropriemonių neužteko stabiliam dirvožemio fosforingumui palaikyti. Kalio kiekio neigiami pokyčiai nu­statyti ekologinėje žemdirbystės sistemoje, kurioje trąšai naudota raudonųjų dobilų masė. Tręšimas mėšlu turėjo tendenciją didinti jo kiekį dirvožemyje.
Ekologinio tręšimo įtaka NPK balansui ir maisto medžiagų dinamikai dirvožemyje
Authors: Žėkaitė Vilma , Staugaitis Gediminas , Arbačiauskas Jonas , Pekarskas Juozas , Adomaitis Tomas , Šumskis Donatas , Vaišvila Zigmas 
Published: April 2015

Tyrimų tikslas – įvertinti azoto, fosforo ir kalio balansą ekologinėje keturlaukėje sėjomainoje, nustatyti jo įtaką lengvos granuliometrinės sudėties dirvožemio agrocheminėms savybėms bei cheminių elementų išplovimui, įvertinti šios tręšimo sistemos tinkamumą ekologiniam ūkininkavimui. Augalų maisto medžiagų balanso tyrimai ekologinės žemdirbystės sistemoje vykdyti 2006–2009 m. paprastajame, pajaurėjusiame išplautžemyje (IDe-p), smėlingame priemolyje (<i>Hapli-Albic Luvisol (LVa-ha), sandy loam</i>). Dirvožemio ariamojo sluoksnio pH<sub>KCl</sub> buvo 5,2–6,3; P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 190–253; K<sub>2</sub>O – 134–178 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>, o humuso – 1,83 %. Lauko sėjomainoje auginti sideraliniai lubinai, žieminiai rugiai, bulvės ir vasariniai miežiai. Ekologinėje žemdirbystės sistemoje, augalus tręšus mėšlu, žaliąja trąša ir šiaudais, taip pat mineralinėmis kalio trąšomis, azoto, fosforo ir kalio balanso pajamos viršijo jų išlaidas atitinkamai 55,6–62,7; 23,3–25,8 ir 107–119 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>. Rugius, bulves, miežius patręšus ir azoto organine trąša Provita, azoto balanso pajamos viršijo išlaidas net 93,9–103 kg ha<sup>–1</sup> ir gerino fosforo bei kalio pasisavinimą. Dėl ekologinių trąšų naudojimo humuso ir judriojo fosforo kiekis per sėjomainos rotaciją dirvožemyje beveik nepakito, o judriojo kalio kiekis padidėjo 47 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>. Cheminių elementų išplovimas iš dirvožemio didesnis vasaros–rudens nei žiemos–pavasario laikotarpiu. Kiek daugiau išsiplovė kalio, mažiau – azoto, o mažiausiai – fosforo.
The ability to manage self-proposed projects between 1;3 and 2;0 years old: a study of inhibition and resistance to interference
Authors: Pastor-Mallol Estanislao , Santó-Rañé Edith 
Published: April 2015

<p>This study examines very young children’s ability to manage self-proposed projects by using the inhibitory function and resistance to interference. In a natural environment and using an observational method, we conducted a longitudinal study of a sample observed at 1;3, 1;6, 1;9 and 2;0 years old. The research was divided into two studies which followed different procedures and looked at the projects carried out, the interferences produced and the functioning of inhibition. We observed significant differences in the execution of inhibition at the different age groups. We also describe general cognitive functions in terms of significant patterns, and determine that the use of inhibition is linked not only to age but also to the activity complexity level and the type of interference. <strong></strong></p>
Les Morisques : loyaux sujets ou maladie de la République ?
Authors: Ducharme Bernard 
Published: April 2015

Cet article propose l’étude des discours sur le risque représenté par la présence en Espagne d’une population de baptisés vivant selon les principes de l’islam : les Morisques. Les débats sur la conversion, puis l’expulsion des Morisques d’Espagne tentaient d’évaluer le danger qu’ils pouvaient représenter. Danger spirituel pour ceux en charge de la santé des âmes, danger d’attirer la colère divine sur le royaume en raison de leur présence, danger qu’ils s’allient avec les ennemis de l’Espagne. Au contraire, ceux qui s’opposèrent à l’expulsion des Morisques argumentaient qu’on risquait la colère divine pour n’avoir pas eu foi en leur conversion prochaine, ou qu’il s’ensuivrait un appauvrissement de l’Espagne. Le texte de l’expulsion des Morisques décrétée en 1609 par le roi Philippe III résume bien les divers aspects du débat.
Ultra yüksek sicakliğa dayanikli seramik malzemeler: tantalyum karbür (tac)
Authors: ALTUNCU Ekrem , ESEN Sevim Gökçe 
Published: April 2015

ÖzetUltra yüksek sıcaklık seramikleri(UHTC); sahip oldukları yüksek sertlik, aşınma direnci yanında çok yüksek sıcaklıklarda çalışma atmosferine olan dayanımları nedeniyle özellikle uzay ve havacılık sektörlerinde kullanım potansiyeli yüksek olan ileri teknolojik seramik esaslı malzeme sınıfıdır. UHTC genel olarak 4. ve 5. grup metal (M:Ta, Ti, Hf gibi) elementlerinin karbürlü(MC), nitrürlü(MN), oksitli (MO) ve borürlü (MB) bileşiklerinden oluşmaktadır. Tantalyum Karbür (TaC)esaslı seramikler, hem yüksek sıcaklık dirençleri ve kararlılıkları hem de yüksek sıcaklıklarda üstün mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle en fazla ilgiyi üzerine çeken refrakter asıllı bir seramik malzemelerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmada, Tantalyum Karbür esaslı seramik malzemelerin yüksek sıcaklık koşullarında faz ve kristal yapısı, Ta/C bileşim oranına bağlı olarak mekanik, elektriksel ve termal özelliklerin değişimi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. TaC esaslı seramiklerin uygulama potansiyeli araştırılmıştır..