bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid remodelling and the conversion of lipids into sugars associated with tolerance to cadmium toxicity during white clover seed germination
Authors: Lin Long , Lin Junnan , Zhou Min , Yuan Yan , Li Zhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a leading environmental issue worldwide. The current study was conducted to investigate Cd tolerance of 10 commercial white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars during seed germination and to further explore differences in lipid remodelling, glycometabolism, and the conversion of lipids into sugars contributing to Cd tolerance in the early phase of seedling establishment as well as the accumulation of Cd in seedlings and mature plants. The results show that Cd stress significantly reduced seed germination of 10 cultivars. Compared to Cd‐sensitive Sulky, Cd‐tolerant Pixie accelerated amylolysis to produce more glucose, fructose, and sucrose by maintaining higher amylase and sucrase activities under Cd stress. Pixie maintained higher contents of various lipids, higher DGDG/MGDG ratio, and lower unsaturation levels of lipids, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity as well as signal transduction in cells after being subjected to Cd stress. In addition, Pixie upregulated expression levels of key genes (TrACX1, TrACX4, TrSDP6, and TrPCK1) involved in the conversion of lipids into sugars for early seedling establishment under Cd stress. These findings indicate that lipid remodelling, enhanced glycometabolism, and accelerated conversion of lipids into sugars are important adaptive strategies for white clover seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment under Cd stress. In addition, Pixie not only accumulated more Cd in seedlings and mature plants than Sulky but also had significantly better growth and phytoremediation efficiency under Cd stress. Pixie could be used as a suitable and critical germplasm for the rehabilitation and re‐establishment of Cd‐contaminated areas.
Assessing transgenerational gene editing capacity for enhancing aquaculture productivity in decapod crustaceans
Authors: Black Nickolis , Banks Thomas M. , Ventura Tomer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the wake of global population increases and stagnating capture fishery production, there exists a requirement for novel biotechnologies to increase aquaculture productivity to offset demand. Through recognition of limitations imposed by aquaculture—increased incidence of disease, stress, cannibalism, and mortality in captivity—researchers continue to investigate RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technologies for their potential to alleviate these at a genetic level. In decapods, with the exception of generating desirable all‐male monosex populations in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, RNAi and CRISPR technologies have yet to provide a significant commercial use case. This literature review provides a comprehensive examination of RNAi and CRISPR in decapods, along with popular delivery methods (injection/microinjection; electroporation; receptor‐mediated ovary transduction of cargo [ReMOT]; and nanoparticles). It identifies a number of limitations including scalability bottlenecks imposed by RNAi delivery methods, and deferred gene editing progress as a result of CRISPR's infancy. Finally, it recognises gene editing induced gene silencing (GEiGS®) as a novel method for silencing gene expression, and suggests an interim examination of transgenerational gene silencing (TGS) (‘parental RNAi’) in decapods to enhance aquaculture productivity.
The long‐term effect on oral health and quality of life using a powered toothbrush in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. An intervention trial
Authors: Flyborg Johan , Renvert Stefan , Anderberg Peter , Sanmartin‐Berglund Johan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe number of older individuals with mild cognitive impairment and neurocognitive diseases is increasing, which may rapidly deteriorate oral health and Quality of life. Therefore, removing dental biofilm is essential for maintaining good oral health. The present study aimed to investigate whether introducing a powered toothbrush reduces the presence of dental plaque, bleeding on probing, and periodontal pockets ≥4 mm, leading to maintained or improved oral health and improved Quality of life in a group of older individuals with mild cognitive impairment.MethodsTwo hundred and thirteen individuals aged 55 or older living without official home care with a Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score between 20 and 28 and a history of memory problems in the previous 6 months were recruited and screened for the study. The individuals received a powered toothbrush and thorough instructions on how to use it. Clinical oral examinations, Quality of life examinations, and MMSE tests were conducted at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. The intervention group was compared to control groups at baseline and 24‐month examination. It was divided into an MMSE high group with a score of more than 26 and an MMSE low group with a score of 26 and lower or decreasing two steps or more for 12 months.ResultsPI, BOP, and PPD≥4 mm improved continuously in both MMSE groups during the 24 months of the study. The values for QoL‐AD deteriorated over time, while the oral health‐related Quality of life did not show any statistically significant changes.ConclusionsIntroducing a powered toothbrush improved PI, BOP, and PPD≥4 mm over 24 months, even among individuals with low or declining MMSE scores. Improved oral health is associated with a preserved OHR‐QoL.
World Englishes and sociolinguistic variation
Authors: Botha Werner , Bernaisch Tobias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the connections between world Englishes and sociolinguistic variation. It begins with an overview of the field of sociolinguistic variation, and also highlighting contemporary approaches to world Englishes, with specific reference to the sociolinguistic realities (in the Kachruvian sense) of Outer Circle contexts. The article then proceeds to examine language variation studies with a focus on vernacular language practices and the growing use of corpus approaches. It then presents the contributions to this special issue on world Englishes and sociolinguistic variation, before considering possible future directions for research.
Lean Blow-Off Behaviour of Premixed Bluff-Body Stabilized Hydrocarbon-Air Flames and Ammonia/Hydrogen/Nitrogen-Air Flames
Authors: Su Tong , Xu Boyan , Bastiaans R. J. M. , Worth Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The lean blow-off (LBO) behavior of turbulent premixed bluff-body stabilized hydrocarbon flames and ammonia/hydrogen/nitrogen flame was investigated and compared both experimentally and numerically. Simultaneous high-speed PIV and OH-PLIF were employed to resolve temporal flame and flow field information, allowing the curvature and hydrodynamic strain rates along the flame surface to be calculated. OH* and NH2* chemiluminescence images were also used to examine flame structures at the same bulk flow velocity but at four equivalence ratios from far away from to near LBO. A NH3/H2/N2 (70%/22.5%/7.5%) flame is slightly more resilient to LBO compared with methane and propane flames at 20 m/s. The hydrocarbon flame structures change from “V-shape” to “M-shape” when approaching lean blow-off, resulting in incomplete reactions and finally trigger the LBO. However, the strong OH* intensity in the shear layer near flame root for the ammonia blend flames indicates a robust reaction which can increase flame stability. Widely-distributed positive curvature along the flame surface of the NH3/H2/N2 flames (Le &lt; 1) may also enhance combustion. The smaller strain rates change along NH3/H2/N2 flame fronts due to less dramatic changes to the flame shape and position, which can extend the stability limits. Furthermore, the faster consumption rates of hydrogen near the flame root for the ammonia blend flames, and the lower temperature loss compared with the adiabatic temperature also contribute to the stabilization of ammonia blends near lean blow-off.
Characteristics of Premixed Ammonia/Methane/Air Blends as an Alternative Fuel in a Swirl-Stabilized Gas Turbine Combustor Under Varying Pilot Percentage
Authors: Chaudhury Meghna Das , Sahoo Abinash , Vinod Kaushik Nonavinakere , Fisher Wesley , Ekkad Srinath V. , Narayanaswamy Venkateswaran , Fang Tiegang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Alternative low carbon fuel blends are a promising way toward clean energy transition in the transportation and power generation sectors. In this work, the objective was to study the combustion characteristics of one such low carbon fuel blend (premixed Ammonia, Methane, and Air) in a swirl stabilized gas turbine can combustor under varying percentage of pilot fuel flow (=8–10% of the main fuel flowrate) under atmospheric pressure conditions. Pure Methane was used as the pilot flame which helped in the ignition and stabilization of the main flame and was kept on throughout the experiment. Different volume percentage of Ammonia and Methane blends was analyzed (starting from 10% to 50% Ammonia in the main fuel blend and the rest being Methane) at Reynolds number of the incoming air ∼50,000, and at equivalence ratio = 0.6 and 0.7. Characteristics such as combustor liner wall heat load and flame stability were studied using the Infrared Thermography technique and High-Speed flame imaging, respectively. In addition, both carbon and NOx emission trends were estimated for selected cases using the convergecfd software under steady-state conditions incorporating the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) re-normalization group (RNG) k–ϵ and SAGE modeling techniques. Among all cases, wall heat load was observed to be the least for the 50% Ammonia-50% Methane case, and for cases under reduced pilot percentage. Also, under reduced pilot percentage, flames were mostly unstable wherein the manifestation of instabilities at equivalence ratio = 0.6 and 0.7 was markedly different from one another.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Hydrogen Combustion in a Dual-Swirl Burner for Aero-Engine Applications
Authors: Gövert Simon , Berger Johannes , Lipkowicz Jonathan Timo , Soworka Thomas , Hassa Christoph , Behrendt Thomas , Janus Bertram 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Green hydrogen produced by electrolysis offers a high potential for reducing CO2 emissions and thus represents a promising approach for the decarbonization of aviation. However, propulsion systems based on direct hydrogen combustion require modified fuel injectors and combustion chambers to account for the particular combustion characteristics of hydrogen. Engineering those modifications requires the acquisition of experimental and numerical tools especially suited for this task and in the end validating them in a suitable environment. In this context, hydrogen combustion and its numerical simulation are presented with a dual-swirl burner in an optically accessible atmospheric combustor as an intermediate step. To ensure safe operation and to reduce the risk of flashback, fuel and air are injected nonpremixed. Good flame stability and mixing, which leads to potentially low NOx values, is achieved by introducing a swirling motion into the flows. In this study, the combustor is operated under atmospheric pressure at a globally lean equivalence ratio. Measurements of OH* radical chemiluminescence as well as infrared (IR) radiation as marker of the hot water vapor distribution have been carried out to identify the flame location and shape. The configuration is further analyzed by means of reacting large-eddy-simulations (LES). The comparison of the simulation results with the experimental reference data shows that the flame lift of height and global flame spread are correctly predicted by the simulation for both operating conditions. However, the combustion model does not precisely capture the flame stabilization mechanism, leading to a radial offset of the flame front.
A Generative Approach to Testing the Performance of Physiological Control Algorithms
Authors: Tivay Ali , Bighamian Ramin , Hahn Jin-Oh , Scully Christopher G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Physiological closed-loop control algorithms play an important role in the development of autonomous medical care systems, a promising area of research that has the potential to deliver healthcare therapies meeting each patient's specific needs. Computational approaches can support the evaluation of physiological closed-loop control algorithms considering various sources of patient variability that they may be presented with. In this article, we present a generative approach to testing the performance of physiological closed-loop control algorithms. This approach exploits a generative physiological model (which consists of stochastic and dynamic components that represent diverse physiological behaviors across a patient population) to generate a select group of virtual subjects. By testing a physiological closed-loop control algorithm against this select group, the approach estimates the distribution of relevant performance metrics in the represented population. We illustrate the promise of this approach by applying it to a practical case study on testing a closed-loop fluid resuscitation control algorithm designed for hemodynamic management. In this context, we show that the proposed approach can test the algorithm against virtual subjects equipped with a wide range of plausible physiological characteristics and behavior and that the test results can be used to estimate the distribution of relevant performance metrics in the represented population. In sum, the generative testing approach may offer a practical, efficient solution for conducting preclinical tests on physiological closed-loop control algorithms.
Vision-Inertial Fusion for Enhanced Relative Navigation: Application of MEKF and Refined Template Matching for Target Identification
Authors: Sung Kookjin , Peck Caleb , Majji Manoranjan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a formulation and methodologies for a vision-aided inertial navigation system designed for autonomous landing or proximity operation. Measurements from a monocular camera are integrated with inertial measurements to enable sensor fusion, leveraging the strengths of both visual and inertial sensing modalities. A multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF) is used to estimate the relative pose to a target space as well as bias variances. The estimator maintains a multiplicative approach to parameterizing the error quaternion and the attitude kinematics throughout filtering. We adapt the histogram-of-oriented gradients (HOGs) algorithm and apply a series of template images for feature extraction in our vision algorithm, thereby improving its rotation variance property. A measurement model is formulated through an auxiliary optimizing process of geometric data to estimate feature locations with uncertainty. The utility of the proposed navigation system and its framework is demonstrated by experimental analysis using the sensor module and the designated helipad target.
Safety of rezafungin as a long-term treatment option in two patients with complicated fungal infections: two cases from Lecco Hospital (Italy)
Authors: Ponta Giacomo , Morena Valentina , Strano Martina , Molteni Chiara , Pontiggia Silvia , Cavalli Erica Michela , Grancini Anna , Mauri Carola , Castagna Antonella , Galanti Andrea , Piconi Stefania 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Rezafungin is an echinocandin characterized by a long elimination half-life which allows for weekly administration. It has been recently approved for the treatment of candidemia. Few data are available about the long-term use of rezafungin and its use for deep infections like endocarditis and osteomyelitis. We describe our experience with its prolonged use in two azole-resistant
Candida
infections: a case of sacral osteomyelitis and a prosthetic valve endocarditis also involving a thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair.
Seeing the unseen: illuminating
Toxoplasma gondii’s
metabolic manipulation
Authors: Huet Diego , Jeffers Victoria 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Intracellular infection by a pathogen induces significant rewiring of host cell signaling and biological processes. Understanding how an intracellular pathogen such as
Toxoplasma gondii
modulates host cell metabolism with single-cell resolution has been challenged by the variability of infection within cultures and difficulties in separating host and parasite metabolic processes. A new study from Gallego-Lopez and colleagues (G. M. Gallego-López, E. C. Guzman, D. E. Desa, L. J. Knoll, M. C. Skala, mBio e00727-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00727-24
) applies a quantitative imaging approach to evaluate the host cell metabolism during intracellular infection with
Toxoplasma
. This study provides important insights into host metabolic responses to
Toxoplasma
infection and offers a valuable tool to dissect the mechanisms underlying parasite infection and pathophysiology.
Reconstructing paleoenvironments of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, USA, using paired triple oxygen and carbonate clumped isotope measurements
Authors: Wostbrock Jordan A.G. , Witts James D. , Gao Yang , Peshek Catherine , Myers Corinne E. , Henkes Gregory , Sharp Zachary D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fossiliferous carbonate concretions are commonly found in sediments deposited in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway. Although concretions are diagenetic features, well-preserved fossils from within them have been instrumental in reconstructing the temperature and δ18O value of Western Interior Seaway seawater, which is essential for accurate reconstruction of Late Cretaceous climate. Here, we constrain formation conditions of Late Campanian and early Maastrichtian carbonate concretions by combining triple oxygen isotope measurements with carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry on different carbonate phases within the concretions. We measured both fossil skeletal aragonite and sparry calcite infill from cracks and within macrofossil voids to evaluate differences between “primary” and “altered” geochemical signals. Based on the two temperature-sensitive isotope systems of the primary fossil shell aragonite, the temperature of the Western Interior Seaway was between 20 °C and 40 °C and was likely thermally stratified during the Campanian. The reconstructed δ18Oseawater values of ~−1‰ for Campanian Western Interior Seaway waters are similar to those expected for the open ocean during greenhouse climates, while the Maastrichtian Western Interior Seaway may have been more restricted, with a δ18Oseawater value of ~2‰, which reflects more evaporative conditions. We reconstructed the diagenetic history of the sparry infill and altered fossils using a fluid-rock mixing model. Alteration temperature, alteration fluid δ18O value, and the initial formation temperature were calculated by applying the fluid-rock mixing model to a particle swarm optimization algorithm. We found a different range of initial formation temperatures between the Campanian (25–38 °C) and Maastrichtian (9–28 °C). We also found that alteration in the presence of light meteoric fluids (δ18O ≈ −10‰) is required to explain both the sparry infill and the altered fossil isotopic values. Based on our results, both lithification and alteration of the carbonates occurred soon after burial, and light meteoric fluids support prior findings that high-topographic relief existed on the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway during the Late Cretaceous. As one of the first studies to apply these techniques in concert and across multiple mineralogical phases within samples, our results provide important constraints on paleoenvironmental conditions in an enigmatic ocean system and will improve interpretations of the overall health of ecosystems leading into the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
Dynamic redox conditions in Mesoproterozoic shallow seawater: Constraints from carbonate fabrics and geochemistry
Authors: Sun Longfei , Shi Xiaoying , Zhou Xiqiang , Zhou Limin , Huang Kangjun , Xu Lei , Xie Baozeng , Wang Xinqiang , Tang Dongjie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The delayed eukaryote evolution during the mid-Proterozoic may have been linked to prolonged low oxygen levels during this period. Two short oxygenation events have recently been identified at ca. 1.57 Ga and ca. 1.4 Ga, but the redox conditions during the intervening interval remain poorly constrained. In this study, we conducted mineralogical and geochemical investigations on three sections of the Wumishan Formation (ca. 1.52–1.47 Ga) that were deposited between the two oxygenation events in the Yanliao basin. The results revealed two distinct changes in carbonate mineralogy and precipitation style associated with concurrent changes in carbonate I/(Ca + Mg): a transition from intervals with positive I/(Ca + Mg) anomalies and abundant water-column carbonate mud to intervals with no I/(Ca + Mg) anomalies and abundant seafloor precipitates, suggesting a shift from suboxic to anoxic conditions in shallow seawater. In both of the suboxic intervals, I/(Ca + Mg) values reached 0.5–2.6 μmol/mol, with negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*(SN) = 0.69; data from literature) occurring in the later interval (ca. 1.48 Ga). The results suggest significant redox fluctuations in the shallow seawater during the Mesoproterozoic. However, these pulsed oxygenation episodes may not have been sufficient to sustain the continuous evolution of early eukaryotes.
Diagnostic accuracy of dipsticks for urinary tract infections in acutely hospitalised patients: a prospective population-based observational cohort study
Authors: Kristensen Laura Hauge , Winther Rannva , Colding-Jørgensen Josefine Tvede , Pottegård Anton , Nielsen Henrik , Bodilsen Jacob 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the added diagnostic value of dipsticks for urinary tract infections (UTI) in acutely hospitalised individuals.DesignProspective population-based cohort study.SettingNorth Denmark.ParticipantsAll adults (≥18 years) examined with dipsticks at emergency departments in North Denmark Region from September 20 through 23 October 2021.Main outcome measuresUTI was defined as ≥1 symptom of new-onset frequency, dysuria or suprapubic tenderness combined with a positive urine culture. Positive dipsticks were defined as any reaction for leucocyte esterase and/or nitrite.ResultsDipsticks were used in 1052/2495 (42%) of acutely hospitalised patients with a median age of 73 years (IQR 57–82) and 540 (51%) were female. Overall, 89/1052 (8%) fulfilled the UTI criteria and urine cultures were done in 607/1052 (58%) patients. Among patients examined with both dipstick and urine culture, sensitivity and specificity for UTI were 87% (95% CI 78% to 93%) and 45% (95% CI 41% to 50%). Positive and negative predictive values were 21% (95% CI 17% to 26%) and 95% (95% CI 92% to 98%), whereas positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.58 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.77) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.51). Pretest probabilities of UTI ranged from 29% to 60% in participants with specific UTI symptoms with corresponding post-test probabilities of 35–69% if dipsticks were positive and 12–27% if dipsticks were negative. Results remained comparable if final clinical diagnosis was used as outcome among all patients examined with dipsticks. Modified Poisson regression yielded an adjusted relative risk of 4.41 (95% CI 2.40 to 8.11) for empirical antibiotics for UTI in participants without specific UTI symptoms and a positive dipstick.ConclusionsDipsticks yielded limited clinical decision support compared with a symptom-driven approach in this study and were independently associated with excess antibiotics for UTI.