bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiencing Geometry in Roman Surveyors’ Texts
Authors: Roby Courtney 
Published: May 2014

The surveyors who mapped and measured the Roman world engaged broadly with the Greek tradition of mathematical literature, transforming it to fit their profession’s practical needs and to enhance the cultural status of their discipline. This paper will explore the transformative strategies used by Hyginus Gromaticus and Balbus, two agrimensorial authors who wrote in the late first or early second century ce. Both authors work to integrate Greek mathematical knowledge into a literary milieu in which broad appeal is privileged over narrow expertise, and a profession which demanded the application of mathematical knowledge to the experiential needs of surveyors. The hands-on experiences of practicing surveyors selectively re-formed the mathematical and literary structures of Greek mathematics, including both verbal and visual elements. Far from being derivative repetitions or simplifications of the mathematical material, these texts build it into a rich structure of creatively deployed experiential knowledge, giving it a new life in a complex and concrete world.
Diagnosing the Intercept Parameters of the Exponential Drop Size Distributions in a Single-Moment Microphysics Scheme and Impact on Supercell Storm Simulations
Authors: Wainwright Charlotte E. , Dawson Daniel T. , Xue Ming , Zhang Guifu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this study, power-law relations are developed between the intercept parameter N0 of the exponential particle size distribution and the water content for the rain, hail, graupel, and snow hydrometeor categories within the Milbrandt and Yau microphysics scheme. Simulations of the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma tornadic supercell are performed using the diagnostic relations for rain only and alternately for all four precipitating species, and results are compared with those from the original fixed-N0 single- and double-moment versions of the scheme. Diagnosing N0 for rain is found to improve the results of the simulation in terms of reproducing the key features of the double-moment simulation while still retaining the computational efficiency of a single-moment scheme. Results more consistent with the double-moment scheme are seen in the general storm structure, the cold-pool structure and intensity, and the number concentration fields. Diagnosing the intercept parameters for all four species, including those for the ice species, within the single-moment scheme yields even closer agreement with the double-moment simulation results. The decreased cold-pool intensity is very similar to that produced by the double-moment simulation, as is the areal extent of the simulated storm. The diagnostic relations are also tested on a simulated squall line, with similar promising results. This study suggests that, when compared with traditional fixed intercept parameters used in typical single-moment microphysics schemes, results closer to a double-moment scheme can be obtained through the use of diagnostic relations for the parameters of the particle size distribution, with little extra computational cost.
Texture Feature Extraction Method for Ground Nephogram Based on Hilbert Spectrum of Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Song Aiguo , Li Jianqing , Zhu Yimin , Sun Xuejin , Zeng Hong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
It is important to recognize the type of cloud for automatic observation by ground nephoscope. Although cloud shapes are protean, cloud textures are relatively stable and contain rich information. In this paper, a novel method is presented to extract the nephogram feature from the Hilbert spectrum of cloud images using bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD). Cloud images are first decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of textural features through BEMD. The IMFs are converted from two- to one-dimensional format, and then the Hilbert–Huang transform is performed to obtain the Hilbert spectrum and the Hilbert marginal spectrum. It is shown that the Hilbert spectrum and the Hilbert marginal spectrum of different types of cloud textural images can be divided into three different frequency bands. A recognition rate of 87.5%–96.97% is achieved through random cloud image testing using this algorithm, indicating the efficiency of the proposed method for cloud nephogram.
A Qualitative Study of Acculturation and Diabetes Risk Among Urban Immigrant Latinas
Authors: O’Brien Matthew J. , Shuman Sara J. , Barrios Dulce M. , Alos Victor A. , Whitaker Robert C. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how acculturation influences diabetes risk among urban immigrant Latinas (Hispanic women). Methods Five focus groups were conducted with 26 urban immigrant Latinas who were at high clinical risk for developing diabetes. The focus group sessions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The authors independently analyzed transcripts using an inductive method of open coding and established themes by consensus. Results All participants were foreign born and had low levels of acculturation. During the acculturation process, they noted changes in their lifestyle behaviors and the family context in which those behaviors are shaped. They reported that since living in the United States, their improved economic circumstances led to increased consumption of less healthy foods and beverages and a more sedentary lifestyle. They also described changing family roles and responsibilities, including working outside the home, which constrained healthy food choices. However, they perceived that their position of influence within the family offered opportunities to help family members prevent diabetes. Conclusions Lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in Latinas should address their acculturation experiences, which affect family functioning and health behaviors related to diabetes risk. For example, given the perceived link between Latinas’ improved economic circumstances and their diabetes risk, prevention programs should incorporate strategies to help Latinas avoid adopting less healthy lifestyle behaviors that become affordable during the acculturation process.
Suicide risk categorisation of psychiatric inpatients: what it might mean and why it is of no use
Authors: Large Matthew M , Ryan Christopher J 
Published: May 2014

Objective: Existing suicide risk assessment policies and guidelines do not specify whether the risk to be assessed is absolute, relative to other patients or relative to the same patient at an earlier time. Methods: We utilised the results of a recent study of inpatient suicide to explore the implications of each of the above types of risk. Results: No interpretation of the current requirements for suicide risk categorisation of psychiatric inpatients can lead to information that might usefully guide clinical decision-making. Conclusions: Policies and guidelines requiring suicide risk categorisation of inpatients should be withdrawn. The College should delete the mandatory entrustable professional activity requiring risk assessment.
Endostar, a novel human recombinant endostatin, attenuates liver fibrosis in CCl4-induced mice
Authors: Chen Jing , Liu Dian-Gang , Yang Guang , Kong Ling-Jian , Du Ya-Ju , Wang Hang-Yu , Li Feng-Dong , Pei Feng-Hua , Song Ji-Tao , Fan Yu-Jing , Liu Ai-Yun , Wang Xin-Hong , Li Bao-Xin 
Published: May 2014

Decreasing hepatic fibrosis remains one of the major therapeutic challenges in hepatology. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Endostar on both CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice and a hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line. Two main models were studied: (i) a liver fibrosis model was induced in BALB/c mice using CCl4 by intraperitoneal injection for six weeks. Six animal groups were studied: group 1: normal animals; group 2: CCl4-induced liver fibrosis; group 3: CCl4 + Endostar 20 mg/kg/d, six weeks; group 4: CCl4 + Endostar 10 mg/kg/d, six weeks; group 5: CCl4 + Endostar 20 mg/kg/d, four weeks; group 6: CCl4 + Endostar 10 mg/kg/d, four weeks corresponded to different Endostar doses and duration of administration. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by histopathological staining and liver hydroxyproline content. Expressions of collagen type I, α-smooth muscle actin ( α-SMA), TGF-β1 and VEGFR were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (ii) A liver cell model. HSC-T6 cells were cultured with or without Endostar for 12 h or 24 h. Expressions of collagen type I, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 were measured by real-time PCR. Collagen I and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) contents in cell supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As compared to the group without Endostar, liver fibrosis scores and hydroxyproline content were decreased in both Endostar groups ( P < 0.05). Moreover, Endostar inhibited the hepatic expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, Collagen-1, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 mRNA ( P < 0.05). In the HSC-T6 cell line model, Endostar profoundly inhibited the expression of α-SMA, Collagen-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA. Expressions of Collagen-1 and TGF-β1 protein were decreased in the Endostar group as compared to the normal controls in the supernatant of HSC-T6 cells ( P < 0.05). Endostar decreased both liver fibrosis in CCl4-induced mice and collagen synthesis in HSCs in vitro. Therefore, this recombinant human endostatin is a promising compound for counteracting liver fibrosis.
Genistein supplementation increases bone turnover but does not prevent alcohol-induced bone loss in male mice
Authors: Yang Carrie S , Mercer Kelly E , Alund Alexander W , Suva Larry J , Badger Thomas M , Ronis Martin JJ 
Published: May 2014

Chronic alcohol consumption results in bone loss through increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. These effects can be reversed by estradiol (E2) supplementation. Soy diets are suggested to have protective effects on bone loss in men and women, as a result of the presence of soy protein-associated phytoestrogens such as genistein (GEN). In this study, male mice were pair-fed (PF), a control diet, an ethanol (EtOH) diet, or EtOH diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg of GEN for 8 weeks to test if GEN protects against bone loss associated with chronic drinking. Interestingly, alcohol consumption reduced cortical area and thickness and trabecular bone volume in both EtOH and EtOH/GEN groups when compared to the corresponding PF and PF/GEN controls, P < 0.05. However, in the trabecular bone compartment, we observed a significant increase in overall trabecular bone density in the PF/GEN group compared to the PF controls. Bone loss in the EtOH-treated mice was associated with the inhibition of osteoblastogenesis as indicated by decreased alkaline phosphatase staining in ex vivo bone marrow cultures, P < 0.05. GEN supplementation improved osteoblastogenesis in the EtOH/GEN cultures compared to the EtOH group, P < 0.05. Vertebral expression of bone-formation markers, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was also significantly up-regulated in the PF/GEN and EtOH/GEN groups compared to the PF and EtOH-treated groups. GEN supplementation also increased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) in the PF/GEN, an increase that persisted in the EtOH/GEN-treated animals ( P < 0.05), and increased basal hydrogen peroxide production and RANKL mRNA expression in primary bone marrow cultures in vitro, P < 0.05. These findings suggest that GEN supplementation increases the overall bone remodeling and, in the context of chronic alcohol consumption, does not protect against the oxidative stress-associated EtOH-mediated bone resorption.
Evaluation of antibody–chemokine fusion proteins for tumor-targeting applications
Authors: Hess Christian , Neri Dario 
Published: May 2014

There is an increasing biotechnological interest in the ‘arming’ of therapeutic antibodies with bioactive payloads. While many antibody–cytokine fusion proteins have been extensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies, there are only few reports related to antibody–chemokine fusion proteins (‘immunochemokines’). Here, we describe the cloning, expression, and characterization of 10 immunochemokines based on the monoclonal antibody F8, specific to the alternatively spliced extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis. Among the 10 murine chemokines tested in our study, only CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, and CXCL10 could be expressed and isolated at acceptable purity levels as F8-based fusion proteins. The immunochemokines retained the binding characteristics of the parental antibody, but could not be characterized by gel-filtration analysis, an analytical limitation which had previously been observed in our laboratory for the unconjugated chemokines. When radioiodinated preparations of CCL19-F8, CCL20-F8, CCL21-F8, and CXCL10-F8 were tested in quantitative biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing mice, the four fusion proteins failed to preferentially accumulate at the tumor site, while the unconjugated parental antibody displayed a tumor:blood ratio >20:1, 24 h after intravenous (i.v.) administration. The tumor-targeting ability of CCL19-F8 could be rescued only in part by preadministration of unlabeled CCL19-F8, indicating that a chemokine trapping mechanism may hinder pharmacodelivery strategies. While this article highlights expression, analytical, and biodistribution challenges associated with the antibody-based in vivo delivery of chemokines at sites of disease, it provides the first comprehensive report in this field and may facilitate future studies with immunochemokines.
A novel application of the Intent to Attend assessment to reduce bias due to missing data in a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rabideau Dustin J , Nierenberg Andrew A , Sylvia Louisa G , Friedman Edward S , Bowden Charles L , Thase Michael E , Ketter Terence A , Ostacher Michael J , Reilly-Harrington Noreen , Iosifescu Dan V , Calabrese Joseph R , Leon Andrew C , Schoenfeld David A 
Published: May 2014

Background Missing data are unavoidable in most randomized controlled clinical trials, especially when measurements are taken repeatedly. If strong assumptions about the missing data are not accurate, crude statistical analyses are biased and can lead to false inferences. Furthermore, if we fail to measure all predictors of missing data, we may not be able to model the missing data process sufficiently. In longitudinal randomized trials, measuring a patient’s intent to attend future study visits may help to address both of these problems. Leon et al. developed and included the Intent to Attend assessment in the Lithium Treatment – Moderate dose Use Study (LiTMUS), aiming to remove bias due to missing data from the primary study hypothesis. Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of the Intent to Attend assessment with regard to its use in a sensitivity analysis of missing data. Methods We fit marginal models to assess whether a patient’s self-rated intent predicted actual study adherence. We applied inverse probability of attrition weighting (IPAW) coupled with patient intent to assess whether there existed treatment group differences in response over time. We compared the IPAW results to those obtained using other methods. Results Patient-rated intent predicted missed study visits, even when adjusting for other predictors of missing data. On average, the hazard of retention increased by 19% for every one-point increase in intent. We also found that more severe mania, male gender, and a previously missed visit predicted subsequent absence. Although we found no difference in response between the randomized treatment groups, IPAW increased the estimated group difference over time. Limitations LiTMUS was designed to limit missed study visits, which may have attenuated the effects of adjusting for missing data. Additionally, IPAW can be less efficient and less powerful than maximum likelihood or Bayesian estimators, given that the parametric model is well specified. Conclusions In LiTMUS, the Intent to Attend assessment predicted missed study visits. This item was incorporated into our IPAW models and helped reduce bias due to informative missing data. This analysis should both encourage and facilitate future use of the Intent to Attend assessment along with IPAW to address missing data in a randomized trial.
The utility of Bayesian predictive probabilities for interim monitoring of clinical trials
Authors: Saville Benjamin R , Connor Jason T , Ayers Gregory D , Alvarez JoAnn 
Published: May 2014

Background Bayesian predictive probabilities can be used for interim monitoring of clinical trials to estimate the probability of observing a statistically significant treatment effect if the trial were to continue to its predefined maximum sample size. Purpose We explore settings in which Bayesian predictive probabilities are advantageous for interim monitoring compared to Bayesian posterior probabilities, p-values, conditional power, or group sequential methods. Results For interim analyses that address prediction hypotheses, such as futility monitoring and efficacy monitoring with lagged outcomes, only predictive probabilities properly account for the amount of data remaining to be observed in a clinical trial and have the flexibility to incorporate additional information via auxiliary variables. Limitations Computational burdens limit the feasibility of predictive probabilities in many clinical trial settings. The specification of prior distributions brings additional challenges for regulatory approval. Conclusions The use of Bayesian predictive probabilities enables the choice of logical interim stopping rules that closely align with the clinical decision-making process.
Zeolites at high pressure: A review
Authors: Gatta G. D. , Lee Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis is a review of the elastic behaviour and pressure (P)-induced structural evolution of zeolites and presents a comparative analysis of the deformation mechanisms of the Si/Al-framework and the rearrangement of the extra-framework species in response to applied pressure. The interaction betweenP-transmitting fluids and zeolites, which can lead to phenomena such as ‘P-induced over-hydration’, is described. The comparative elastic analysis and the high-Pstructural data of zeolites reported so far allow us to make some generalizations: (1) The range of compressibility among this class of openframework silicates is large, with bulk moduli ranging between 15 and 70 GPa; (2) Microporosity does not necessarily imply high compressibility, as several zeolites are less compressible than other nonzeolitic rock-forming minerals; (3) Compressibilities of zeolites do not seem to be directly related to microporosity, at least if we model microporosity with the ‘framework density’; (4) The flexibility observed in zeolites under hydrostatic compression is mainly governed by tilting of rigid tetrahedra around O atoms that behave as hinges within the framework. Pressure-induced tilting commonly leads to continuous rearrangement of the framework without any phase transition. More rarely, tilting induces displacive phase transitions and isothermalP-induced reconstructive phase transitions (i.e. with change in framework topology), have not been reported in this class of materials; (5) Deformation mechanisms in response to applied pressure are generally dictated by the topological configuration of the framework rather than the Si/Al-distribution or the extra-framework content. The channel content governs the compressibility of the cavities, leading to different unit-cell-volume compressibilities in isotypic structures.
Preemptive rituximab infusions after remission efficiently prevent relapses in acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hie Miguel , Gay Julie , Galicier Lionel , Provôt François , Presne Claire , Poullin Pascale , Bonmarchand Guy , Wynckel Alain , Benhamou Ygal , Vanhille Philippe , Servais Aude , Bordessoule Dominique , Coindre Jean-Philippe , Hamidou Mohamed , Vernant Jean-Paul , Veyradier Agnès , Coppo Paul ,   the French Thrombotic Microangiopathies Reference Centre
Published: May 2014

Key Points
Patients with a history of acquired TTP and persistent severe ADAMTS13 deficiency during remission are at high risk of relapse and death. Preemptive infusions of rituximab in remission significantly decrease TTP relapse rate.
The development and validation of oral cancer staging using administrative health data
Authors: Li-Ting Chang , Chung-Ho Chen , Yi-Hsin Yang , Pei-Shan Ho 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Oral cancer is a major global health problem. The complexity of histological prognosticators in oral cancer makes it difficult to compare the benefits of different treatment regimens. The Taiwanese National Health database provides an opportunity to assess correlations between outcome and treatment protocols and to compare the effects of different treatment regimens. However, the absence of indices of disease severity is a critical problem. The aim of this study was to ascertain how accurately we could assess the severity of oral cancer at the time of initial diagnosis on the basis of variables in a national database.

Methods
In the cancer registry database of a medical center in Taiwan, we identified 1067 histologically confirmed cases of oral cancer (ICD9 codes 140, 141 and 143–145) that had been first diagnosed and subjected to initial treatment in this hospital. The clinical staging status was considered as the gold standard and we used concordance (C)-statistics to assess the model’s predictive performance. We added the predictors of treatment modality, cancer subsite, and age group to our models.

Results
Our final overall model included treatment regimen, site, age, and two interaction terms; namely, interactions between treatment regimen and age and those between treatment regimen, site, and age. In this model, the C-statistics were 0.82–0.84 in male subjects and 0.96–0.99 in female subjects. Of the models stratified by age, the model that considered treatment regimen and site had the highest C-statistics for the interaction term, this value being greater than 0.80 in male subjects and 0.9 in female subjects.

Conclusion
In this study, we found that adjusting for sex, age at first diagnosis, oral cancer subsite, and therapy regimen provided the best indicator of severity of oral cancer. Our findings provide a method for assessing cancer severity when information about staging is not available from a national health-related database.