bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion Behavior of Octadecylammonium-Exchanged Low- to High-Charge Reference Smectite-Group Minerals as Revealed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy on Ultrathin Sections
Authors: Schumann Dirk , Hesse Reinhard , Sears S. Kelly , Vali Hojatollah 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUltrathin sections of reference 2:1 layer silicates treated with octadecylammonium cations were examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to establish the layer structure. Hitherto, few HRTEM ultrathin-section data existed on the expansion behavior of smectite-group minerals with different interlayer-charge values. Without such information, the expansion behavior of both low-charge and high-charge smectite minerals cannot be characterized and the structures observed in HRTEM images of clay-mineral mixtures cannot be interpreted reliably. Reference smectite-group minerals (Upton, Wyoming low-charge montmorillonite; Otay, California high-charge montmorillonite; a synthetic fluorohectorite; and a Jeanne d’Arc Basin offshore Newfoundland clay sample) with a range of layer charge values were examined. To prevent possible intrusion of epoxy resin into interlayers during embedding, the clay samples were first embedded in epoxy, sectioned with an ultra microtome, and then treated with octadecylammonium cations before examination using HRTEM. Lattice-fringe images showed that lower-charge (<0.38 eq/O10(OH)2) 2:1 layers had 13–14 Å spacings, whereas higher-charge (>0.38 eq/O10(OH)2) 2:1 layers had 21 and 45 Å spacings. These differently expanded silicate layers can occur within the same crystal and an alternation of these layer types can generate rectorite-like structures. For comparison, clay samples were also treated with octadecylammonium before epoxy embedding and sectioning and then examined with HRTEM. These samples mostly had highly expanded interlayers due to epoxy intrusion in the interlayer space. The reference clay minerals embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned, and treated with octadecylammonium cations were used to characterize smectite-group minerals in a natural clay sample from the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, Eastern Canada. Smectite-group minerals in this sample revealed similar structures in lattice-fringe images to those observed in the pure reference clay samples. Rectorite-like structures observed in lattice-fringe images were in fact smectite crystals with short, alternating sequences of low-charge and high-charge smectite layers rather than illite-smectite (I-S) phases with expanded smectite layers and non-expanded 10 Å illite layers.
Reinkultur in Yiddish: World War I, German-Jewish Encounters, and the Founding of the Vilna Troupe
Authors: Caplan Debra 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDer Beitrag untersucht die Interaktionen zwischen jiddischen Schauspielern und den Angehörigen der deutschen Armee während des Ersten Weltkriegs. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese Beziehungen als Katalysator für die Gründung der »Vilner Trupe« verstanden werden können. Diese zweifellos erfolgreichste jiddische Theatertruppe aller Zeiten gilt bis heute als die maßgebliche Inspiration für die globale jiddische »Kunsttheater«-Bewegung. Der Aufsatz zeigt, wie die zufälligen Begegnungen zwischen jüdischen Flüchtlingen und Deutschen, die in Wilna stationiert waren, zur aktiven Unterstützung der ersten Inszenierungen des Ensembles beigetragen haben. Zudem wird auf den Einfluss eingegangen, der die deutschen Unterstützer und Theaterbesucher auf das Repertoire und die Ästhetik dieser Schauspieltruppe ausgeübt haben.
Von Niederschönenfeld nach Berlin
Authors: Bayerdörfer Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUntil 1933, highly renowned theatre critics of Jewish descent were dominant in the feuilletons of Berlin’s leading regional papers. In 1919, Ernst Toller, also of Jewish descent and, a year earlier, a member of the short-lived revolutionary regime in Munich, established his fame as a playwright. While serving a five year prison sentence, and until 1927, he contributed five plays to the German expressionist and post-expressionist drama, with four out of five first-night performances at the prominent Berlin stages of Max Reinhardt and Leopold Jessner. The article addresses reviews of these performances by critics such as Emil Faktor, Siegfried Jacobsohn and Alfred Kerr, asking among other questions, whether and how these critics present a viewpoint that can be seen as »Jewish« in terms of how intellectuals belonging to the Jewish minority were viewed in the Weimar Republic.
Partitions of groups into large subsets
Authors: Protasov Igor , Slobodianiuk Sergii 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Let G be a group and let κ be a cardinal.
A subset A of G is called left (right) κ-large if there exists a subset F of G such that
|F| < κ and G = F
A (G = A
F).
We say that A is κ-large if A is left and right κ-large.
It is known that every infinite group G can be partitioned into countably many ℵ0-large subsets.
On the other hand, every amenable (in particular, Abelian) group G cannot be partitioned into more than ℵ0
ℵ0-large subsets.

We prove that every group G of cardinality κ can be partitioned into κ ℵ1-large
subsets and every free group F
κ in the infinite alphabet κ can be partitioned into κ 4-large subsets
but cannot be partitioned into three 3-large subsets.
The PPARα pathway in Vγ9Vδ2 T cell anergy
Authors: Poupot Mary , Boissard Frédéric , Betous Delphine , Bardouillet Laure , Fruchon Séverine , L’Faqihi-Olive Fatima , Pont Frédéric , Mekaouche Mourad , Ingoure Sophie , Sicard Hélène , Dubreuilh Guy , Fournié Jean-Jacques 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhosphoantigens (PAgs) activate Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, inducing their potent and rapid response in vitro and in vivo. However, humans and nonhuman primates that receive repeated injections of PAgs progressively lose their Vγ9Vδ2 T cell response to them. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this in vivo desensitization, we analyzed the transcriptome of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from macaques injected with PAg. We showed that three PAg injections induced the activation of the PPARα pathway in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Thus, we analyzed the in vitro response of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells stimulated with a PPARα agonist. We demonstrated that in vitro PPARα pathway activation led to the inhibition of the BrHPP-induced activation and proliferation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Since the PPARα pathway is involved in the antigen-selective desensitization of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the use of PPARα inhibitors could enhance cancer immunotherapy based on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
FunPred-1: Protein function prediction from a protein interaction network using neighborhood analysis
Authors: Saha Sovan , Chatterjee Piyali , Basu Subhadip , Kundu Mahantapas , Nasipuri Mita 
Published: December 2014

AbstractProteins are responsible for all biological activities in living organisms. Thanks to genome sequencing projects, large amounts of DNA and protein sequence data are now available, but the biological functions of many proteins are still not annotated in most cases. The unknown function of such non-annotated proteins may be inferred or deduced from their neighbors in a protein interaction network. In this paper, we propose two new methods to predict protein functions based on network neighborhood properties. FunPred 1.1 uses a combination of three simple-yet-effective scoring techniques: the neighborhood ratio, the protein path connectivity and the relative functional similarity. FunPred 1.2 applies a heuristic approach using the edge clustering coefficient to reduce the search space by identifying densely connected neighborhood regions. The overall accuracy achieved in FunPred 1.2 over 8 functional groups involving hetero-interactions in 650 yeast proteins is around 87%, which is higher than the accuracy with FunPred 1.1. It is also higher than the accuracy of many of the state-of-the-art protein function prediction methods described in the literature. The test datasets and the complete source code of the developed software are now freely available at http://code.google.com/p/cmaterbioinfo/.
Effect of River Salinity on Crop Diversity: A Case Study of South West Coastal Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Gain Animesh K. , Aryal Kul P. , Sana Pritish , Uddin Md Nazim 
Published: December 2014

Saline water intrusion is a major problem and conflicting issue in south-west coastal region of Bangladesh. The increased salinity has negative impact on agricultural diversity in this region. The present study provides an assessment of perception of local farmers about changes of agricultural diversity mainly diversity of vegetable species (both summer and winter) and standing plants with the changes of salinity level in the nearby river. This study was carried out in January to August 2005 through semi-structured questionnaire in selected villages of different salinity prone areas such as high saline zone and moderate saline zone, namely Paikgacha and Rampal, respectively. The study has revealed that in Paikgacha, the salinity varies approximately within the range from 20,000 to 45,000 micro-mhos and in Rampal it is from 10,000 to 30,000 micro-mhos. Due to increased salinity, the summer vegetable species in Paikgacha and Rampal have been reduced from 16 to 2 and 15 to 9 respectively during the period 1975-2005. For winter vegetable species, this figure wasreduced from 13 to 9 in Paikgacha but in Rampal this number remained unchanged. Standing plant species in Paikgacha and Rampal have been reduced from 31 to 14 and 35 to21 respectively during that period. Agricultural diversity is reducing in substantial rate both spatially and temporally.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 29-37 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11576
Yield Loss Assessment and Management of Violet Wood Sorrel Weed on Maize
Authors: KC Govind 
Published: December 2014

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2003 and 2004 in farmers' field of Dang district (650 masl) to assess the yield loss caused by violet wood sorrel (Oxalis corymbosa Dc) for maize (Zea mays) and to work out effective measure to control this weed. Violet wood sorrel (Chari Amilo) infestation was observed in maize, ginger, and Toria fields of Dang and Salyan districts as well as various mid hilly areas of Nepal. The weed once introduced in uplands, spreads in large scale within few years. Six treatments, comprising 2,4-D Na salt 2 kg/ha, Glyphosate 2 l/ha, Soil digging, turning and expose to sun two months prior to maize sowing were compared with weed free, weed free except Oxalis and weedy check plots. The presence of violet wood sorrel (VWS) in maize field ranging from 38 to 352.3 per square meter in 2003 and 18.6 to 195.5 per square meter in 2004 one month after intercultural operation does not cause significant effect on maize grain yield, 4297 to 4694 kg/ha in 2003 and 3751.4 to 4473.6 kg/ha in 2004 respectively. Thus significant loss in maize grain yield was not found due to higher VWS weed population (352.3 and 195.5/m2) resulted in weedy check treatment and lower weed population (38 and 18.6/m2) in herbicide applied treatment. Repeated application of herbicides at 17 and 37 days after maize sowing (DAMS) both 2,4-D and Glyphosate reduced the weed population in maize field but could not eradicate as it appears in next year but the population was significantly low (59.5 and 65.3/m2) in herbicide applied plots compared to weedy check plot (322.6/m2) at 26 DAMS. It was revealed that presence of violet wood sorrel weed in maize field does not affect the grain yield in farmer's practice of weeding i.e. intercultural operation at 20 to 30 DAMS. Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 38-41DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11577
Participatory Evaluation of Some Tomato Genotypes for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt
Authors: Timila Ram D. , Joshi Sharada 
Published: December 2014

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive diseases of tomato. Experiments were conducted to confirm the resistance and to evaluate varieties received from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center against bacterial wilt disease in the farmers’ bacterial wilt sick fields at Thaiba and at Panchkhal during 1999 and 2000-2001 respectively. A total of five varieties such as CLN 2026 C, CLN 2026 D, CLN 1466 J, CLN 1466 P and susceptible check Lapsigede or L 390 were included in the experiments. Randomized complete block design with 4 replications was commenced at both the locations. In terms of disease incidence and yield parameters as well as consumers’ preference on the fruit size, CLN 2026 C was found the best variety followed by CLN 2026 D. Wilt incidence was significantly lower in those varieties showing resistant reaction than in susceptible check. However, the marketable fruit yields were significantly higher with low wilt incidences in CLN 1466 P and CLN 1466 J also compared to susceptible check. But the large fruit size of those varieties was not acceptable to the consumers and the growers. Thus, CLN 2026 C and CLN 2026 D could be used as resistant variety to minimize crop losses from bacterial wilt disease.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 50-55DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11580
Evaluation of Selected Species of Fodder Trees Cultivated for Feeding Ruminant Animals in the Hills of Nepal
Authors: Khanal Ramesh C. , Upreti Chet R. 
Published: December 2014

Leaves and twigs from four species of tree fodders, Aetocarpus lakoocha (AL), bauhinia purpurea (BP), Garuga pinnata (GP) and Ficus sroxburghii (FR), cultivated widely for feeding ruminants in the hills of Nepal and maintained at the Agriculture Research Station (Goat), Bandipur were investigated for there chemical composition, and nutrient intake, digestibility, and growth rate in growing female goats. Differences occurred between species of tree fodders on nutrient composition, which contained 286, 342, 312, and 263 g/kg DM; 174, 98, 116 and 178 g/kg total ash; 137, 163, 140, and 119 g/kg CP; 440, 458, 437, and 451 g/kg NDF; 383, 407, 382, and 406 g/kg ADF; 177, 135, 181, and 143 g/kg ADL; 19.5, 21.6, 20.9, and 29.3 g/kg Ca; and 2.2, 2.8, 2.4, and 2.5 g/kg P on DM basis for AL, BP, GP, and FR, respectively. The DM intake was higher for goats fed AL (432 g/d) and GP (428 g/d) than BP (342 g/d) or FR (306 g/d). Nutrient digestibility was higher for goats fed AL and GP, except Ca, which was higher for goats fed FR. Similarly, highest daily weight gain was observed for goats fed AL (71 g/d) and GP (64 g/d) than either of BP (54 g/d) or FR (30 g/d). Overall, leaves and twigs from these tree fodders supported moderate growth, but may not be advisable for maximum production.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 88-94DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11600
Régulations en santé materno-infantile en milieu populaire à partir de la notion de risque
Authors: Faya-Robles Alfonsina 
Published: December 2014

Au Brésil, le champ de la santé materno-infantile est de plus en plus investi par les pouvoirs publics, ceci modifiant de manière importante les expériences et les comportements reproductifs des femmes. Cet investissement s’accompagne d’un changement des formes de régulation de la naissance et de l’accouchement, entre processus de médicalisation et de sanitarisation. Dans ce contexte, l’évaluation et la surveillance des risques deviennent fondamentales et suivent des objectifs sanitaires dont celui de la réduction de la mortalité infantile, l’un des « Objectifs du millénaire » des Nations Unies devenu un objectif prioritaire au Brésil. La catégorie épidémiologique de risque organise, dans les services de santé, la prise en charge des grossesses par la distinction des gestations à « bas » et à « haut risque ». Cependant cette notion distingue les grossesses non seulement à partir de critères médicaux mais aussi « sociaux », véhiculant des représentations sociales et des préjugés relatifs aux femmes enceintes considérées « déviantes ». À partir d’une recherche ethnographique dans la ville de Recife, dans le Nordeste brésilien, l'auteur se propose d’examiner l’extension aux femmes de milieu populaire de la catégorie de risque dans le domaine de gestion des grossesses. L’article révèle un glissement de la normalisation des corps des femmes enceintes vers celle de la parentalité et de la maternité, et relativise la force disciplinaire de la catégorie de risque pour montrer comment elle est subjectivée dans l’expérience des femmes.
Kyanmabase, « Bonne santé à vous ! ». Logiques et pratiques d’automédication en Arakan (Birmanie)
Authors: Coderey Céline 
Published: December 2014

En s’appuyant sur plusieurs enquêtes de terrain réalisées dans la région arakanaise de Thandwe, en Birmanie, cet article explore la pluralité médicamenteuse existante et la place importante qu’elle revêt – via l’automédication – dans les itinéraires thérapeutiques des malades. L’objectif principal est de montrer comment les choix thérapeutiques effectués par les individus – entre différents produits, entre automédication et recours à des spécialistes – sont conditionnés d’une part par les représentations de la composition des produits et de leur « biographie » et d’autre part par les contingences politiques, sociales et économiques vécues par les individus.
L’épigénétique environnementale et le risque suicidaire : Reconsidérer la notion de contexte dans un style de raisonnement émergent
Authors: Lloyd Stephanie , Raikhel Eugene 
Published: December 2014

L’ “épigénétique environnementale” étudie les effets potentiels de l’environnement sur l'expression des gènes à travers un ensemble de mécanismes moléculaires. Ce domaine de la recherche biologique connaît un développement rapide mais reste contesté. Il a été salué par certains spécialistes des sciences sociales à la fois comme un paradigme renversant nombre d’idées reçues concernant l'évolution et l'hérédité, mais aussi comme un signe de l'ouverture d’un espace de recherche proprement biosocial. L’épigénétique environnementale laisse toutefois sceptiques ceux qui n’y voient que la réduction de l'environnement et du contexte social – et les interventions potentielles – à l'échelle des mécanismes moléculaires. Dans cet article, nous explorons ces questions à la lumière d’une recherche ethnographique dans un groupe pluridisciplinaire de chercheurs étudiant le comportement suicidaire. Alors qu'un « style de raisonnement » spécifique émerge de leurs recherches qui molécularisent une gamme de facteurs environnementaux et les localisent dans le cerveau, nous soutenons qu’il reflète davantage, de la part des scientifiques, un « réductionnisme pragmatique » plutôt qu’une conception étroite du suicide. La construction d’explications plus complexes du risque de suicide – intensifiant l’approche interdisciplinaire – n'est en effet pas tant limitée par l'intérêt des chercheurs, que par des contraintes techniques, l’accès à des matières cérébrales spécifiques et le développement de pratiques de recherche innovantes.
Improving Patients’ Readiness for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Chaisson Kristine , Sanford Mary , Boss Richard A. , Leavitt Bruce J. , Hearne Michael J. , Ross Cathy S. , Olmstead Elaine M. , Kramer Robert S. , Hofmaster Patricia , Mingo Cathy , Duquette Dennis , Maislen Elizabeth , Clark Jean A. , Likosky Donald S. , Horton Susan R. , O’Connor Gerald T. , Malenka David J. 
Published: December 2014

Background
Preoperative interventions improve outcomes for patients after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).

Objective
To reduce mortality for patients undergoing urgent CABG.

Methods
Eight centers implemented preoperative aspirin and statin, preinduction heart rate less than 80/min, hematocrit greater than 30%, blood sugar less than 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L), and delayed surgery at least 3 days after a myocardial infarction. Data were collected on the last 150 isolated, urgent CABGs at each center (n=1200). A “bundle” score of 0 to 100 was calculated for each patient to represent the percentage of interventions used.

Results
Scores ranged from 33 to 100. About 56% of patients had a perfect score. Crude mortality and composite rates were lower in patients with higher scores, but once adjusted for patient and disease characteristics, the difference in scores was not significant. Higher scores were associated with shorter intubation: 6.0 hours (score 100), 8.0 hours (score 80–99), 8.4 hours (score&lt;80) (log-rank P&lt;.001). Median length of stay was shorter for patients with higher scores: 5 days (score 100), 6 days (scores 80–99), and 6 days (scores &lt;80) (log-rank P&lt;.001).

Conclusion
Implementation of interventions to optimize patients’ “readiness for surgery” is associated with shorter intubation times and shorter hospital stays after CABG.
Assessment of the Selenoprotein M (SELM) over-expression on human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry
Authors: Guerriero E. , Accardo M. , Capone F. , Colonna G. , Castello G. , Costantini S. 
Published: December 2014

Selenium is an essential trace mineral of fundamental importance to human healthy and exerts its biological function through selenoproteins. In particular, Selenoprotein M (SELM) is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and contains the common redox motif of cysteine-X-X-selenocysteine type. It attracts great attention due to its high expression in brain and its potential roles as antioxidant, neuroprotective, and cytosolic calcium regulator. Recently, our group found SELM over-expression Â in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. In this report some paraffin-embedded tissues from liver biopsy of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis and HCC were immunohistochemically stained and SELM expression scoring was evaluated. Our results evidence for the first time an increase of SELM expression in HCC liver tissues, and its gradual expression raise associated with an increased malignancy grade. Therefore, we propose to use i) SELM as putative marker for HCC as well as ii) simple immunohistochemistry technique to distinguish between the different grades of malignancy.Â
Generalized Jordan Semiderivations in Prime Rings
Authors: De Filippis Vincenzo , Mamouni Abdellah , Oukhtite Lahcen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLet R be a ring and let g be an endomorphism of R. The additive mapping d: R → R is called a Jordan semiderivation of R, associated with g, ifd(x2) = d(x)x + g(x)d(x) = d(x)g(x) + xd(x) and d(g(x)) = g(d(x))for all x ∊ R. The additive mapping F: R → R is called a generalized Jordan semiderivation of R, related to the Jordan semiderivation d and endomorphism g, ifF(x2) = F(x)x + g(x)d(x) = F(x)g(x) + xd(x) and F(g(x)) = g(F(x))for all x ∊ R. In this paper we prove that if R is a prime ring of characteristic different from 2, g an endomorphism of R, d a Jordan semiderivation associated with g, F a generalized Jordan semiderivation associated with d and g, then F is a generalized semiderivation of R and d is a semiderivation of R. Moreover, if R is commutative, then F = d.