bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kuyper’s razor? Rethinking science and religion, trinitarian scholarship and God’s eternity
Authors: Coletto Renato 
Published: May 2015

This article explores three research fields in contemporary Christian scholarship and argues that the way they are approached is often questionable due to the basic assumptions, the methods or the implications. The following allegations are proposed. Research on the relationship between religion and science is based on a framework of assumptions which does not reflect the biblical standpoint properly. Trinitarian scholarship expects too much from the presumed correspondence between Trinity and created reality, whilst it tends to neglect other resources available to Christian scholarship. Scientific reflection on God’s eternity is speculative in as much as it tries to transcend the modal horizon of knowledge. In these three cases (other cases are also briefly mentioned) it is argued that ‘Kuyper’s razor’ (an approach promoted in the Kuyperian reformational tradition) would help rethinking research in these areas.Kuyper se skalpel? ’n Heroorweging van wetenskap-en-religie, trinitariese navorsing en God se ewigheid. Hierdie artikel verken drie navorsingsterreine in die kontemporêre Christelike wetenskap en voer aan dat die manier waarop hulle benader word dikwels bedenklik is weens basiese aannames, die metodes of die implikasies daarvan. Die volgende kritiek word voorgestel. Navorsing oor die verhouding tussen religie en wetenskap is op ’n raamwerk van aannames gebaseer wat nie ’n behoorlike weerspieëling van die skriftuurlike standpunt is nie. Trinitariese navorsing verwag te veel van die veronderstelde ooreenkoms tussen die Drie-eenheid en die geskape werklikheid, terwyl dit neig om ander hulpbronne wat vir die Christelike wetenskap beskikbaar is, te verwaarloos. Wetenskaplike besinning oor God se ewigheid is spekulatief vir sover dit poog om die modale horison van kennis te transendeer. Dit word aangevoer dat ‘Kuyper se skalpel’ (’n benadering wat in die Kuyperiaans-reformatoriese tradisie bevorder word) sal help om navorsing in hierdie drie gevalle (ander gevalle word ook kortliks genoem) te heroorweeg.
Polymorphism in Variable Number of Tandem Repeats of Dopamine D4 Gene is a Genetic Risk Factor in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Egyptian Children: Pilot Study
Authors: Shahin Ola , Meguid Nagwa A. , Raafat Omnia , Dawood Reham M. , Doss Malak , Din Noha G. Bader El , Awady Mostafa K. El 
Published: May 2015

Introduction The variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene among humans may elucidate individual differences in susceptibility to neuropsychiatric diseases. Dopamine dysfunction may be involved with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms. In this study, we report the association between the phenotype of ADHD, a condition characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, and a 48–base pair VNTR in exon 3 of the DRD4 polymorphism. Subjects and Methods We used a case control approach conducted on 29 ADHD and 31 ethnically matched control Egyptian children (ages 6–12 years). Cases were assessed by a psychiatric semi–structured interview and the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale. VNTR polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene were done by touchdown PCR program using exon 3–specific primers followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results We observed a significant association between the existence of D4.4 allele of DRD4 and ADHD (P < 0.002); 6.9% of cases showed a single D4.4 and 10.3% showed a double D4.4 as compared to controls in whom D4.4 has never been detected. Conclusion Children with smaller number of repeat alleles (two to four repeats) of the DRD4 gene have higher possibility to develop ADHD in Egyptian children.
Is ESR Important for Predicting Post-ERCP Pancreatitis?
Authors: Alizadeh Amir Houshang Mohammad , Afzali Esmaeil Shamsi , Behzad Catherine , Mousavi Mirhadi , Mirsattari Dariush , Doagoo Siavash Zafar , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2015

Background Pancreatitis remains the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), resulting in substantial morbidity and occasional mortality. There are notable controversies and conflicting reports about risk factors of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Aim To evaluate the potential risk factors for PEP at a referral tertiary center, as a sample of the Iranian population. Materials and Methods Baseline characteristics and clinical as well as paraclinical information of 780 patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP at Taleghani hospital in Tehran between 2008 and 2012 were reviewed. Data were collected prior to the ERCP, at the time of the procedure, and 24-72 hours after discharge. PEP was diagnosed according to consensus criteria. Results Of the 780 patients who underwent diagnostic ERCP, pancreatitis developed in 26 patients (3.3%). In the multivariable risk model, significant risk factors with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were age <65 years (OR = 10.647, P = 0.023) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) >30 (OR = 6.414, P < 0.001). Female gender, history of recurrent pancreatitis, pre-ERCP hyperamylasemia, and difficult or failed cannulation could not predict PEP. There was no significant difference in the rate of PEP in wire-guided cannulation versus biliary cannulation using a sphincterotome and contrast injection as the conventional method. Conclusions Performing ERCP may be safer in the elderly. Patients with high ESR may be at greater risk of PEP, which warrants close observation of these patients for signs of pancreatitis after ERCP.
Spatial and temporal contrasts in the distribution of crops and pastures across Amazonia: A new agricultural land use data set from census data since 1950
Authors: Imbach P. , Manrow M. , Barona E. , Barretto A. , Hyman G. , Ciais P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAmazonia holds the largest continuous area of tropical forests with intense land use change dynamics inducing water, carbon, and energy feedbacks with regional and global impacts. Much of our knowledge of land use change in Amazonia comes from studies of the Brazilian Amazon, which accounts for two thirds of the region. Amazonia outside of Brazil has received less attention because of the difficulty of acquiring consistent data across countries. We present here an agricultural statistics database of the entire Amazonia region, with a harmonized description of crops and pastures in geospatial format, based on administrative boundary data at the municipality level. The spatial coverage includes countries within Amazonia and spans censuses and surveys from 1950 to 2012. Harmonized crop and pasture types are explored by grouping annual and perennial cropping systems, C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways, planted and natural pastures, and main crops. Our analysis examined the spatial pattern of ratios between classes of the groups and their correlation with the agricultural extent of crops and pastures within administrative units of the Amazon, by country, and census/survey dates. Significant correlations were found between all ratios and the fraction of agricultural lands of each administrative unit, with the exception of planted to natural pastures ratio and pasture lands extent. Brazil and Peru in most cases have significant correlations for all ratios analyzed even for specific census and survey dates. Results suggested improvements, and potential applications of the database for carbon, water, climate, and land use change studies are discussed. The database presented here provides an Amazon‐wide improved data set on agricultural dynamics with expanded temporal and spatial coverage.
The impact of a catastrophic mine tailings impoundment spill into one of North America's largest fjord lakes: Quesnel Lake, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Petticrew Ellen L. , Albers Sam J. , Baldwin Susan A. , Carmack Eddy C. , Déry Stephen J. , Gantner Nikolaus , Graves Kelly E. , Laval Bernard , Morrison John , Owens Philip N. , Selbie Daniel T. , Vagle Svein 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOn 4 August 2014, a catastrophic breach of the Mount Polley mine tailings impoundment released ~25 M m3 of tailings and water and scoured an unknown quantity of overburden into the West Basin of Quesnel Lake. We document Quesnel Lake and Quesnel River observations for 2 months postspill. Breach inflows raised Quesnel Lake by 7.7 cm, equivalent to ~21 M m3. The West Basin hypolimnion was modified immediately, exhibiting increased temperature (~5°C to 6–7.5°C), conductivity (110 to 160 μS/cm), and turbidity (<1 to 200–1000 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)). Cooscillating seiches moved West Basin hypolimnetic water both westward and eastward contaminating the Main Basin. Postspill, high‐turbidity water propagated eastward (~1 cm/s), introducing a persistent ~20 m thick layer below the thermocline and an ~30 m thick layer at the bottom. The contaminant introduction, mobilization, and bioaccumulation may pose risks to resident and anadromous fish stocks, which support recreational, commercial, and First Nations fisheries.
Validating satellite altimeter measurements of internal tides with long‐term TAO/TRITON buoy observations at 2°S–156°E
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Hui , Wang Dong‐Ping , Chen Dake 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSatellite altimetry is regularly used to map the global distribution of mode‐1 internal tides. Validating altimeter measurements of internal tides with in situ data is difficult as the mooring observations typically are too short compared with the altimetry. Here taking advantage of the long‐term (since 1999) Tropical Atmosphere‐Ocean/Triangle Trans‐Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON) buoy observations at 2°S–156°E located at a TOPEX/Poseidon crossover in a region of strong internal tides, direct comparisons are made between altimeter and in situ measurements over a common 15 year period. The hourly buoy data are decimated every 9.9 day to emulate altimeter measurements. The altimeter and decimated buoy data are highly coherent at the aliased semidiurnal period (~60 day), and they agree well for the stationary semidiurnal internal tide. For the nonstationary internal tide, which consists of a significant annual cycle, the demodulated amplitude from the altimeter appears to be contaminated by nontidal signals. The demodulated amplitude from the decimated buoy data, on the other hand, is capable of resolving the temporal variability. This suggests the potential of mapping nonstationary internal tides from satellites.
Transpressional segment boundaries in strike‐slip fault systems offshore southern California: Implications for fluid expulsion and cold seep habitats
Authors: Maloney Jillian M. , Grupe Benjamin M. , Pasulka Alexis L. , Dawson Katherine S. , Case David H. , Frieder Christina A. , Levin Lisa A. , Driscoll Neal W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe importance of tectonics and fluid flow in controlling cold seep habitats has long been appreciated at convergent margins but remains poorly understood in strike‐slip systems. Here we present geophysical, geochemical, and biological data from an active methane seep offshore from Del Mar, California, in the inner California borderlands (ICB). The location of this seep appears controlled by localized transpression associated with a step in the San Diego Trough fault zone and provides an opportunity to examine the interplay between fluid expulsion and restraining step overs along strike‐slip fault systems. These segment boundaries may have important controls on seep locations in the ICB and other margins characterized by strike‐slip faulting (e.g., Greece, Sea of Marmara, and Caribbean). The strike‐slip fault systems offshore southern California appear to have a limited distribution of seep sites compared to a wider distribution at convergent plate boundaries, which may influence seep habitat diversity and connectivity.
Use of Soil Apparent Electrical Resistivity Contact Sensors for the Extensive Study of Archaeological Sites
Authors: Terrón José María , Mayoral Victorino , Salgado José Ángel , Galea Francisco Antonio , Pérez Víctor Hurtado , Odriozola Carlos , Mateos Pedro , Pizzo Antonio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGeoelectrical soil mapping using contact sensors with mobile arrays is a widespread method implemented within Precision Agriculture practices since the 1990s, but only in recent times has it begun to be used extensively in the field of archeology. Vehicle towed equipment for the automatic recording of apparent electrical resistivity (ERa) are highly adaptable to land plot structure and are able to cover large areas quickly. In this article we will give an overview of a specific experience of ERa mapping at two archaeological sites with the VERIS 3150 system. This is a contact‐sensor that provides georeferenced measurements at two different depths (0–30/0–90 cm). The process of capture, refinement and normalization of raw data is explained. The work also deals with interpolation procedures used for the creation of continuous surfaces. Finally some examples are offered regarding the identification of buried archaeological and geomorphological features. ERa maps are integrated in a geographical information system (GIS) environment, in order to provide a more reliable basis for interpretation. The advantage of the VERIS 3150 sensor is stressed, in terms of cost over traditional electrical resistivity/conductivity mapping techniques for the acquisition of high‐quality archaeological information. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzyme‐resistant isomalto‐oligosaccharides produced from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B‐1426 dextran hydrolysis for functional food application
Authors: Kothari Damini , Goyal Arun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe extracellular dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B‐1426 was produced and purified using polyethylene glycol fractionation. In our earlier study, it was reported that L. mesenteroides dextransucrase synthesizes a high‐molecular mass dextran (>2 × 106 Da) with ∼85.5% α‐(1→6) linear and ∼14.5% α‐(1→3) branched linkages. Isomalto‐oligosaccharides (IMOs) were synthesized through depolymerization of dextran by the action of dextranase. The degree of polymerization of IMOs was 2–10 as confirmed by mass spectrometry. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of α‐(1→3) linkages in the synthesized IMOs. The IMOs were resistant to dextranase, α‐glucosidase, and α‐amylase, and therefore can have potential application as food additives in the functional foods.
A hybrid actuated microrobot using an electromagnetic field and flagellated bacteria for tumor‐targeting therapy
Authors: Li Donghai , Choi Hyunchul , Cho Sunghoon , Jeong Semi , Jin Zhen , Lee Cheong , Ko Seong Young , Park Jong‐Oh , Park Sukho 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a new concept for a hybrid actuated microrobot for tumor‐targeting therapy. For drug delivery in tumor therapy, various electromagnetic actuated microrobot systems have been studied. In addition, bacteria‐based microrobot (so‐called bacteriobot), which use tumor targeting and the therapeutic function of the bacteria, has also been proposed for solid tumor therapy. Compared with bacteriobot, electromagnetic actuated microrobot has larger driving force and locomotive controllability due to their position recognition and magnetic field control. However, because electromagnetic actuated microrobot does not have self‐tumor targeting, they need to be controlled by an external magnetic field. In contrast, the bacteriobot uses tumor targeting and the bacteria's own motility, and can exhibit self‐targeting performance at solid tumors. However, because the propulsion forces of the bacteria are too small, it is very difficult for bacteriobot to track a tumor in a vessel with a large bloodstream. Therefore, we propose a hybrid actuated microrobot combined with electromagnetic actuation in large blood vessels with a macro range and bacterial actuation in small vessels with a micro range. In addition, the proposed microrobot consists of biodegradable and biocompatible microbeads in which the drugs and magnetic particles can be encapsulated; the bacteria can be attached to the surface of the microbeads and propel the microrobot. We carried out macro‐manipulation of the hybrid actuated microrobot along a desired path through electromagnetic field control and the micro‐manipulation of the hybrid actuated microrobot toward a chemical attractant through the chemotaxis of the bacteria. For the validation of the hybrid actuation of the microrobot, we fabricated a hydrogel microfluidic channel that can generate a chemical gradient. Finally, we evaluated the motility performance of the hybrid actuated microrobot in the hydrogel microfluidic channel. We expect that the hybrid actuated microrobot will be utilized for tumor targeting and therapy in future. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1623–1631. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The induction of pro‐angiogenic processes within a collagen scaffold via exogenous estradiol and endometrial epithelial cells
Authors: Pence Jacquelyn C. , Clancy Kathryn B. H. , Harley Brendan A. C. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTNutrient transport remains a major limitation in the design of biomaterials. One approach to overcome this constraint is to incorporate features to induce angiogenesis‐mediated microvasculature formation. Angiogenesis requires a temporal presentation of both pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors to achieve stable vasculature, leading to increasingly complex biomaterial design scheme. The endometrium, the lining of the uterus and site of embryo implantation, exemplifies a non‐pathological model of rapid growth, shedding, and re‐growth of dense vascular networks regulated by the dynamic actions of estradiol and progesterone. In this study, we examined the individual and combined response of endometrial epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells to exogenous estradiol within a three‐dimensional collagen scaffold. While endothelial cells did not respond to exogenous estradiol, estradiol directly stimulated endometrial epithelial cell transduction pathways and resulted in dose‐dependent increases in endogenous VEGF production. Co‐culture experiments using conditioned media demonstrated estradiol stimulation of endometrial epithelial cells can induce functional changes in endothelial cells within the collagen biomaterial. We also report the effect of direct endometrial epithelial and endothelial co‐culture as well as covalent immobilization of estradiol within the collagen biomaterial. These efforts establish the suitability of an endometrial‐inspired model for promoting pro‐angiogenic events within regenerative medicine applications. These results also suggest the potential for developing biomaterial‐based models of the endometrium. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2185–2194. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CRISPR‐Cas targeted plasmid integration into mammalian cells via non‐homologous end joining
Authors: Bachu Ravichandra , Bergareche Iñigo , Chasin Lawrence A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMammalian cells are widely used for the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins, as these cells facilitate accurate folding and post‐translational modifications often essential for optimum activity. Targeted insertion of a plasmid harboring a gene of interest into the genome of mammalian cells for the expression of a desired protein is a key step in production of such biologics. Here we show that a site specific double strand break (DSB) generated both in the genome and the donor plasmid using the CRISPR‐Cas9 system can be efficiently used to target ∼5 kb plasmids into mammalian genomes via nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). We were able to achieve efficiencies of up to 0.17% in HEK293 cells and 0.45% in CHO cells. This technique holds promise for quick and efficient insertion of a large foreign DNA sequence into a predetermined genomic site in mammalian cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2154–2162. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid and marker‐free refactoring of xylose‐fermenting yeast strains with Cas9/CRISPR
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Sung , Kong In Iok , Lesmana Anastashia , Million Gyver , Zhang Guo‐Chang , Kim Soo Rin , Jin Yong‐Su 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTGenomic integration of expression cassettes containing heterologous genes into yeast with traditional methods inevitably deposits undesirable genetic elements into yeast chromosomes, such as plasmid‐borne multiple cloning sites, antibiotic resistance genes, Escherichia coli origins, and yeast auxotrophic markers. Specifically, drug resistance genes for selecting transformants could hamper further industrial usage of the resulting strains because of public health concerns. While we constructed an efficient and rapid xylose‐fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the engineered strain (SR8) might not be readily used for a large‐scale fermentation because the SR8 strain contained multiple copies of drug resistance genes. We utilized the Cas9/CRISPR‐based technique to refactor an efficient xylose‐fermenting yeast strain without depositing any undesirable genetic elements in resulting strains. In order to integrate genes (XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3) coding for xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase from Scheffersomyces stipitis, and delete both PHO13 and ALD6, a double‐strand break formation by Cas9 and its repair by homologous recombination were exploited. Specifically, plasmids containing guide RNAs targeting PHO13 and ALD6 were sequentially co‐transformed with linearized DNA fragments containing XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3 into S. cerevisiae expressing Cas9. As a result, two copies of XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3 were integrated into the loci of PHO13 and ALD6 for achieving overexpression of heterologous genes and knockout of endogenous genes simultaneously. With further prototrophic complementation, we were able to construct an engineered strain exhibiting comparable xylose fermentation capabilities with SR8 within 3 weeks. We report a detailed procedure for refactoring xylose‐fermenting yeast using any host strains. The refactored strains using our procedure could be readily used for large‐scale fermentations since they have no antibiotic resistant markers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2406–2411. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissolved carbon dioxide determines the productivity of a recombinant hemagglutinin component of an influenza vaccine produced by insect cells
Authors: Meghrous Jamal , Khramtsov Nikolai , Buckland Barry C. , Cox Manon M.J. , Palomares Laura A. , Srivastava Indresh K. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTDissolved carbon dioxide (dCO2) accumulation during cell culture has been recognized as an important parameter that needs to be controlled for successful scale‐up of animal cell culture because above a certain concentration there are adverse effects on cell growth performance and protein production. We investigated the effect of accumulation of dCO2 in bioreactor cultures of expresSF+® insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses expressing recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinins (rHA). Different strategies for bioreactor cultures were used to obtain various ranges of concentrations of dCO2 (<50, 50–100, 100–200, and >200 mmHg) and to determine their effects on recombinant protein production and cell metabolic activity. We show that the accumulation of dCO2 at levels > 100 mmHg resulted in reduced metabolic activity, slowed cell growth, prolonged culture viability after infection, and decreased infection kinetics. The reduced rHA yields were not caused by the decrease in the extracellular pH that resulted from dCO2 accumulation, but were most likely due to the effect of dCO2 accumulation in cells. The results obtained here at the 2 L scale have been used for the design of large‐scale processes to manufacture the rHA based recombinant vaccine Flublok™ at the 2500 L scale Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2267–2275. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.