bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Optimization Approach for the Production of Fatlike Protein Isolates from Different Leguminous Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sussmann D. , Halter T. , Pickardt C. , Schweiggert‐Weisz U. , Eisner P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPlant proteins are gaining increasing importance in the food industry and are isolated by extraction followed by precipitation. However, the yields obtained are often unsatisfactory, especially when isolating proteins for specific purposes. In this study, relevant processing parameters and different raw materials have been investigated systematically to obtain high yields of protein preparations with characteristic fatlike textural properties by salt‐assisted extraction followed by dilution precipitation. A d‐optimal design was used and analyzed by response surface methodology considering individual processing parameters (independent variables) and their influence on extraction and protein yield (dependent variables). The extraction parameters (pH value [5.0–6.5], NaCl concentration [0.0–1.0 M], solid‐to‐solvent ratio [1:7–1:13]) and different raw materials (peas, lentils, white beans, faba beans, soybeans, full‐fat und deoiled lupins) were investigated. Quadratic equations for the response variables were calculated and used to identify optimum protein extraction conditions for all raw materials used. The highest protein yields (38%) were calculated for full‐fat lupins as the raw material extracted at pH 5.0, a NaCl concentration of 0.6 M and a solid‐to‐solvent ratio of 1:7. The protein yields of other grain legumes were considerably lower. Furthermore, the sensory profile of the lupin protein isolate showed unique creamy, smooth and fatlike characteristics.Practical ApplicationsPlant‐based proteins, particularly protein isolates from grain legumes, are becoming increasingly important to industry as food ingredients due to their nutritional and functional properties. The major draw back of the specific protein isolation is the poor economic efficiency of the process and the low protein yields. Even though some processing parameters for protein isolation are well established, there is a lack of systematic studies on protein preparations with specific properties using different raw materials. In this study, the influence of key process parameters on the overall protein yields were investigated using pea, lentil, white bean, faba bean, soybean and lupin as raw materials. The findings will facilitate the choice of different leguminous seeds for the production of protein isolates and their potential use as fat replacers.
How to realise flood risk management plans efficiently in an urban area – the Seseke project
Authors: Johann G. , Leismann M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article discusses the manner in which a flood risk management plan (FRMP) can be created for an urban area that is subject to many high‐level risks. When the work processes, from the provisional risk evaluation of waters through the determination of flood plains to the creation of the FRMP, are viewed as a whole, the following questions arise: on what basis can an FRMP be created, how much time and human resources are available for this and what objectives can be achieved under these conditions? These questions, which are critical for the efficacy of an FRMP, are discussed and possible practical measures are identified.
Screening and Performance of Lactobacillus plantarum E11 with Bacteriocin‐Like Substance Secretion as Fermentation Starter of Sichuan Pickle
Authors: Rao Yu , Chang Wei , Xiang Wenliang , Li Mingyuan , Che Zhenming , Tang Jie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBacteriocinogenic Lactobacillus plantarum E11 was selected and applied for the controlled fermentation of Sichuan pickle. By agar well diffusion assay, Lb. plantarum E11 with bacteriocin‐like substances (BLISs) production against Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus was selected from eight Sichuan pickle samples. Lb. plantarum E11 could grow in Chinese leaf mustard juice media and produce BLISs with favorable antibacterial characteristics. Novel starter consisting of Lb. plantarum E11 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides CICC (China Center of Industrial Culture Collection) 21859 were applied for controlled fermentation of Chinese leaf mustard, as well as commercial starter and spontaneous fermentation. The microbial dynamics in novel starter fermentation was similar as commercial starter fermentation and Lb. plantarum E11 comprised 35.3–63.8% of the total flora. The inhibition activity of novel starter fermentation against pathogens was achieved on the fifth day, which was faster and higher than commercial and spontaneous fermentation.Practical ApplicationsThe natural fermentation and nonsterile process make Sichuan pickle sensitive to foodborne pathogens. The innate immunity of Sichuan pickle conferred by natural lactic acid bacteria fermentation is not strong enough to suppress the foodborne pathogens especially at the early phase of fermentation. It is necessary to develop bacteriocinogenic starter culture with wide and stable antibacterial spectrum for Sichuan pickle fermentation. This study provided a novel starter including bacteriocinogenic Lb. plantarum E11, which could dominate the Sichuan pickle fermentation as traditional commercial starter and furthermore afford the Sichuan pickle self‐protection against foodborne pathogens at the early phase of fermentation.
Value of wash‐in and wash‐out time in the diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and other hepatic nodules with similar vascular pattern on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Kong Wen‐Tao , Wang Wen‐Ping , Huang Bei‐Jian , Ding Hong , Mao Feng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThe study aims to demonstrate whether the wash‐in and wash‐out time can be reliable as a criterion in the differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other hepatic nodules with vascular pattern similar to HCC on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).MethodsFrom February 2012 to February 2013, 214 patients with hepatic nodules displayed rapid hyperenhancement and quick wash‐out on CEUS were included in this study. Before performing CEUS, all nodules were examined by grayscale ultrasonography and color Doppler techniques. CEUS was performed with SonoVue and low mechanical index technique. The initial time to enhancement, time to peak, time of the nodule being hypoenhanced were comparatively studied between HCCs and other hepatic nodules.ResultsOf all the 214 nodules, 209 were malignant (164 HCCs, 31 metastases, 10 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs), 3 combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinomas, 1 epithelioid hemangioendothelioma), and five were benign (two inflammatory pseudotumors, one focal nodular hyperplasia nodule, one hemangioma, and one hyperplastic nodule). Metastases and ICCs showed more rapid wash‐out than HCCs (P < 0.05): 16 of 31 metastases and 7 of all ICCs showed wash‐out by 40 s after injection.ConclusionsSome focal liver lesions can show enhancement pattern similar to HCCs on CEUS. The wash‐out time may be useful in the differential diagnosis.
Systematic review of efficacy and outcomes of salvage liver transplantation after primary hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chan Daniel L , Alzahrani Nayef A , Morris David L , Chua Terence C 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and AimUpfront liver transplantation is the gold standard in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis, but a shortage of donor organs negatively impacts on survival outcomes, with significant disease progression during long waiting lists. This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of salvage liver transplantation (SLT) as treatment for recurrent HCC after initial hepatic resection.MethodsElectronic searches of Pubmed, Embase, and Medline databases identified 130 abstracts, from which 16 eligible studies comprising 319 patients were selected for review. Studies adopting SLT following primary hepatic resection for recurrent HCC with more than five patients were included. Demographic details, morbidity and mortality indices, and survival outcomes were collected from each study and were tabulated.ResultsAll patients included in the studies had liver cirrhosis, with the majority being Child‐Pugh A (50%) and B (33%). The etiology of liver disease was hepatitis B in the majority of patients (84%). Disease recurrence occurred in 27–80% of patients at a median of 21.4 months (range 14.5–34) following initial resection. SLTs were performed on 41% of recurrences, and were associated with biliary complications (8%), infection (11%), bleeding (8%), and vascular complications (7%). There were 18 perioperative deaths (5.6%). The median 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival was 89%, 80%, and 62%, and 86%, 68%, and 67%, respectively.ConclusionSynthesis of available observational studies suggests that SLT following primary hepatic resection is a highly applicable strategy with long‐term survival outcomes that are comparable to upfront liver transplantation.
Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score versus Maddrey Discriminant Function score in assessing short‐term outcome in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Kadian Monil , Kakkar Rajesh , Dhar Minakshi , Kaushik Rajeev Mohan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Maddrey Discriminant Function (mDF) score and the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score are standard prognostic scores for predicting disease severity and mortality in alcoholic hepatitis (AH).This prospective study compared the MELD score and the mDF score as predictors of short‐term outcome in AH.MethodsThe admission MELD score and the mDF score were assessed in 47 patients with a diagnosis of AH in the Himalayan Institute Hospital, Dehradun, India and the concordance (C) statistics of the two scores for 28‐day mortality were determined and compared.ResultsBoth the MELD score and the mDF score on day 1 were significantly higher in non‐survivors than in survivors (P = 0.0001 each). The C‐statistic for 28‐day mortality for the MELD score was 0.91 (P < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.97) and for the mDF score 0.90 (P < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.78–0.97). There was no significant difference between the C‐statistics of the two scores (P = 0.83, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.09). For predicting 28‐day mortality, the optimal MELD score of > 19 (sensitivity 91.6% and specificity 85.7%) corresponded to the mDF score of > 52.8 (sensitivity 91.6% and specificity 82.8%).ConclusionsBoth the MELD score and the mDF score at admission were strong and equally good predictors of 28‐day mortality in patients with AH, but the optimal mDF score corresponding to optimal MELD score was higher than the conventional one. Thus, MELD score may be used as an alternative to mDF score for predicting short‐term mortality in AH with an advantage.
A clinical‐pathological analysis of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation in Chinese patients
Authors: Gao Yin‐jie , Zhang Min , Jin Bo , Meng Fan‐ping , Ma Xue‐mei , Liu Zhen‐wen , Su Hai‐bin , Zhao Jing‐min , Li Han‐wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and AimLiver transplantation (LT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related disease can be complicated by HBV recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, prophylaxis treatment, and histological characteristics of HBV recurrence after LT when using long‐term, low‐dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) plus nucleoside analog (lamivudine [LAM] or entecavir [ETV]).MethodsRetrospective data from 253 adult LT patients using long‐term, low‐dose HBIG plus nucleoside analog after LT, for a mean treatment duration of 1–72 months, were collected from a single center in Beijing, China. Univariate analyses were conducted to determine the association among gender, age, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B e antigen‐positive status, HBV‐DNA level and tyrosine‐methionine‐aspartate‐aspartate (YMDD) mutations on HBV recurrence in these patients.ResultsOverall, the HBV recurrence rate was 6.32% (16/253). There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the HBV recurrence and non‐recurrence groups. Risk factors for HBV recurrence were: hepatitis B e antigen positivity, HBV‐DNA > 105 copies/mL, hepatocellular carcinoma, and YMDD mutation. Sixteen patients receiving LAM had HBV recurrence (16/169; mean treatment duration: 61.8 ± 18.3 months). No HBV recurrence occurred in patients receiving ETV after LT (0/84; mean treatment duration: 57.1 ± 15.9 months). Differences in rate of mortality and HBV recurrence were not significant between the two groups.ConclusionsLT is an effective treatment for HBV‐related end‐stage liver disease. The combination of ETV and intramuscular HBIG for HBV recurrence prophylaxis after LT was more effective than LAM, especially in Chinese patients with HBV recurrence risk factors.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Association with Functional Status in Newly Admitted Male Veteran Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Kojima Gotaro , Tamai Anna , Masaki Kamal , Gatchell Gregory , Epure James , China Craig , Ross G. Webster , Petrovitch Helen , Tanabe Marianne 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo provide the first report on prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in newly admitted nursing home (NH) residents and associations with functional disabilities and chronic diseases.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingNursing home (NH).ParticipantsMale veterans newly admitted to a NH for rehabilitation, skilled‐nursing care, intermediate care, or respite care between January 2011 and June 2012.MeasurementsTotal serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured on admission. Vitamin D supplement users and those without 25(OH)D measurement within 7 days of admission were excluded, leaving an analytical sample of 104 residents. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D less than 20 ng/mL. Data were collected on age, ethnicity, season, body mass index (BMI), functional disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) (mobility, bathing, dressing, toileting, continence, and feeding), and prevalent chronic diseases.ResultsPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 49.0%. In multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, ethnicity, and BMI, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with number of ADL disabilities (odds ratio (OR) = 1.4 for each 1‐point increase in ADL disability score, P = .03) and prevalent diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.0, P = .03). In regression models using each ADL disability as a separate variable, only disability in feeding (OR = 4.7, P = .05) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.9, P = .04) remained significant.ConclusionAlmost half the individuals entering the NH and not taking vitamin D supplements had vitamin D deficiency. Greater number of ADL disabilities, disability in feeding, and prevalent diabetes mellitus were independently associated with vitamin D deficiency.
What do the terms wellness and wellbeing mean in dietary practice: an exploratory qualitative study examining women's perceptions
Authors: McMahon A. T. , O'Shea J. , Tapsell L. , Williams P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundWellness and wellbeing are terms associated with health within dietetic discourse. More broadly, these terms are found in social discourse as represented in food and nutrition consumer communications. With the increasing requirement for evidence‐based healthcare, there is an imperative to understand whether these terms are meaningful to individuals typically targeted for nutrition interventions and whether there are any implications for dietetic education.MethodsTo explore the understanding of these terms, eight semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with 32 female participants (age range 23–79 years) who were actively engaged in managing their health. Overall understanding of the terms, factors that impacted perceptions and any relationships with food behaviour were investigated with the groups. Group discussions were transcribed verbatim and each transcript was examined by two researchers. Inductive analysis linking codes into main thematic categories was conducted using the constant comparison approach across the full data set.ResultsWellness and wellbeing were identified as meaningful terms associated with health. A theoretical framework of wellness and wellbeing reflecting these meanings was developed linking four dominant thematic areas. These were Desired outcomes (most sought after result); Taking control (self management strategies); Internal influences (various personal inner factors influencing behaviours); and External influences (plethora of peripheral factors influencing behaviours).ConclusionsWellness and wellbeing are terms that are relevant and aspirational for individuals typically targeted for nutrition intervention. A theoretical framework of dominant areas of influence on notions of wellness and wellbeing was identified. This theoretical framework is worthy of further research to determine usefulness and effectiveness in dietetic practice settings.
Development of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire for use among rural South Africans in KwaZulu‐Natal
Authors: Sheehy T. , Kolahdooz F. , Mtshali T. L. , Khamis T. , Sharma S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSouth Africa is experiencing a dietary and lifestyle transition as well as increased rates of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Limited information is available on the diets of rural populations. The present study aimed to characterise the diets of men and women from rural KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN) and develop a quantitative food‐frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) specific for this population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out by collecting single 24‐h dietary recalls from 81 adults and developing a QFFQ in Empangeni, KZN, South Africa.ResultsThe diet of this population was limited in variety, high in plant‐based foods (especially cereals and beans), and low in animal products, vegetables and fruits. Amaize meal staple (Phutu) was consumed by over 80% of subjects and accounted for almost 45% of energy intake, as well as making an important contribution to fat and protein intake. Most of the protein consumed by the study population was plant‐based protein, with almost 40% being obtained from the consumption of phutu and beans. A culturally appropriate QFFQ was developed that includes 71 food and drink items, of which 16 are composite dishes unique to this population.ConclusionsOnce validated, this QFFQ can be used to monitor diet‐disease associations, evaluate nutritional interventions and investigate dietary changes in this population.
Substance Flow Analysis of Wastes Containing Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
Authors: Vyzinkarova Dana , Brunner Paul H. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe present article examines flows and stocks of Stockholm Convention regulated pollutants, commercial penta‐ and octabrominated diphenyl ether (cPentaBDE, cOctaBDE), on a city level. The goals are to (1) identify sources, pathways, and sinks of these compounds in the city of Vienna, (2) determine the fractions that reach final sinks, and (3) develop recommendations for waste management to ensure their minimum recycling and maximum transfer to appropriate final sinks. By means of substance flow analysis (SFA) and scenario analysis, it was found that the key flows of cPentaBDE stem from construction materials. Therefore, end‐of‐life (EOL) plastic materials used for construction must be separated and properly treated, for example, in a state‐of‐the‐art municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator. In the case of cOctaBDE, the main flows are waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and, possibly, vehicles. Most EOL vehicles are exported from Vienna and pose a continental, rather than a local, problem. According to the modeling, approximately 73% of cOctaBDE reached the final sink MSW incinerator, and 17% returned back to consumption by recycling. Secondary plastics, made from WEEE, may thus contain significant amounts of cOctaBDE; however, uncertainties are high. According to uncertainty analysis, the major cause is the lack of reliable values regarding cOctaBDE concentrations in European WEEE categories 3 and 4, including cathode ray tube monitors for computers and televisions. We recommend establishing a new, goal‐oriented data set by additional analyses of waste constituents and plastic recycling samples, as well as establishing reliable mass balances of polybrominated diphenyl ethers’ flows and stocks by means of SFA.
An Exploration of the Relationship between Socioeconomic and Well‐Being Variables and Household Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Wilson Jeffrey , Tyedmers Peter , Spinney Jamie E. L. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis research reports on a multivariate analysis that examined the relationship between direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and socioeconomic and well‐being variables for 1,920 respondents living in Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada, using results from the Halifax Space‐Time Activity Research Project. The unique data set allows us to estimate direct GHG emissions with an unprecedented level of specificity based on household energy use survey data and geographic positioning system–verified personal travel data. Of the variables analyzed, household size, income, community zone, age, and marital status are all statistically significant predictors of direct GHG emissions. Birthplace, ethnicity, educational attainment, perceptions of health, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, happiness, volunteering, or community belonging did not seem to matter. In addition, we examined whether those reporting energy‐efficient behaviors had lower GHG emissions. No significant differences were discovered among the groups analyzed, supporting a growing body of research indicating a disconnect between environmental attitudes and behaviors and environmental impact. Among the predictor variables, those reporting to be married, young, low income, and living in households with more people have correspondingly lower direct GHG emissions than other categories in respective groupings. Our finding that respondents with lifestyles that generate higher GHG emissions did not report to be healthier, happier, or more connected to their communities suggest that individuals can experience similar degrees of well‐being regardless of the amount of GHG emissions associated with his or her respective lifestyle.
Quantifying relationships between rooting traits and water uptake under drought in Mediterranean barley and durum wheat
Authors: Carvalho Pedro , Azam‐Ali Sayed , Foulkes M. John 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn Mediterranean regions drought is the major factor limiting spring barley and durum wheat grain yields. This study aimed to compare spring barley and durum wheat root and shoot responses to drought and quantify relationships between root traits and water uptake under terminal drought. One spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Rum) and two durum wheat Mediterranean cultivars (Triticum turgidum L. var durum cvs Hourani and Karim) were examined in soil‐column experiments under well watered and drought conditions. Root system architecture traits, water uptake, and plant growth were measured. Barley aerial biomass and grain yields were higher than for durum wheat cultivars in well watered conditions. Drought decreased grain yield more for barley (47%) than durum wheat (30%, Hourani). Root‐to‐shoot dry matter ratio increased for durum wheat under drought but not for barley, and root weight increased for wheat in response to drought but decreased for barley. The critical root length density (RLD) and root volume density (RVD) for 90% available water capture for wheat were similar to (cv. Hourani) or lower than (cv. Karim) for barley depending on wheat cultivar. For both species, RVD accounted for a slightly higher proportion of phenotypic variation in water uptake under drought than RLD.