bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job demands and personal resources in their relations to indicators of job strain among nurses for older people
Authors: Schmidt Klaus‐Helmut , Diestel Stefan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo examine the role of two personal resources (active, problem‐focused coping; self‐efficacy beliefs) in the relation between job demands and strain.BackgroundEvidence suggests that healthcare staff in general and nurses in particular, are at a high risk of suffering from high levels of job strain. In addition to often examined job‐related resources (such as control and social support), personal resources are expected to moderate (i.e. buffer) the relation between job demands and indicators of strain, particularly when there is a functional match between the type of demands and resources.DesignCross‐sectional questionnaire survey.MethodA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was conducted (February–April 2010) among staff members of three nursing homes of a municipal organization for residential elderly care located in an urban area of Western Germany. A total of 145 of 251 employees responded to the invitation to participate in the study (57·8% participation rate). Data were analysed by hierarchical moderated regression analyses.ResultsIncreasing job demands (quantitative and qualitative workload) had adverse effects on emotional exhaustion, psychosomatic complaints, and turnover intentions, whereas nurses’ self‐efficacy beliefs exerted beneficial effects on all outcomes. Furthermore, findings revealed that active, problem‐focused coping interacts with job demands in the prediction of job strain.ConclusionBoth research and practice should focus on a closer match between personal resources and job demands to prevent nurses from being strained.
Low rates of X‐Y recombination, not turnovers, account for homomorphic sex chromosomes in several diploid species of Palearctic green toads (Bufo viridis subgroup)
Authors: Stöck M. , Savary R. , Betto‐Colliard C. , Biollay S. , Jourdan‐Pineau H. , Perrin N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractContrasting with birds and mammals, most ectothermic vertebrates present homomorphic sex chromosomes, which might be due either to a high turnover rate or to occasional X‐Y recombination. We tested these two hypotheses in a group of Palearctic green toads that diverged some 3.3 million years ago. Using sibship analyses of sex‐linked markers, we show that all four species investigated share the same pair of sex chromosomes and a pattern of male heterogamety with drastically reduced X‐Y recombination in males. Phylogenetic analyses of sex‐linked sequences show that X and Y alleles cluster by species, not by gametolog. We conclude that X‐Y homomorphy and fine‐scale sequence similarity in these species do not stem from recent sex‐chromosome turnovers, but from occasional X‐Y recombination.
Adaptive morphological shifts to novel habitats in marine sculpin fishes
Authors: Knope M. L. , Scales J. A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSculpin fishes of the North American Pacific Coast provide an ideal opportunity to examine whether adaptive morphological character shifts have facilitated occupation of novel habitat types because of their well‐described phylogeny and ecology. In this group, the basal‐rooted species primarily occupy the subtidal habitat, whereas the species in the most distal clades are found in the intertidal. We tested multiple evolutionary models to determine whether changes in body size and changes in number of scales are adaptive for habitat use in sculpins. Based on a statistically robust, highly resolved molecular phylogeny of 26 species of sculpins, in combination with morphometric and habitat affinity data, our analyses show that an adaptive model based on habitat use best explains changes in body size and number of scales. The habitat model was statistically supported over models of neutral evolution, stabilizing selection across all habitats, and three clade‐based models. We suggest that loss of scales and reduction of body size in the intertidal may facilitate cutaneous breathing in air when tidepools become hypoxic during low tides. This study demonstrates how the combined use of phylogenetic, ecological and statistical approaches helps to identify traits that are likely adaptive to novel habitats.
Anxiolytic medication use is not associated with anxiety level and does not reduce complications after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Abed Mona A , Frazier Susan , Hall Lynne A , Moser Debra K 
Published: January 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine the association of anxiety level and anxiolytic medication use with in‐hospital complications in patients following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).BackgroundThere are conflicting data about the protective effect of anxiolytic medication used in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Examination of the interaction of anxiolytic medication and anxiety level may explain these disparate results.DesignThis was a secondary analysis of existing data from a multisite, prospective study of the impact of anxiety on in‐hospital complications in patients with AMI.MethodsPatients were primarily men, Caucasians, with Killip class 1 or 2, from the USA and Australia (n = 156). Anxiety level in the emergency department and intensive care unit and in‐hospital complications were collected using self‐report measures and medical record review. Logistic regression analyses examined whether the use of anxiolytic medication influenced the relationship between anxiety and in‐hospital complications after controlling for demographic and clinical covariates.ResultsIn the ED, 31% of participants were very or extremely anxious; anxiolytic medication was given to only 5%. In the intensive care unit, nearly half of participants received anxiolytic medication. There was no association between anxiety level and use of anxiolytic medication. Anxiety was an independent predictor of the probability of in‐hospital complications. The administration of anxiolytic medication did not alter the relationship between anxiety and in‐hospital complications.ConclusionUse of anxiolytics in patients with AMI was not associated with anxiety level and did not reduce the probability of in‐hospital complications.Relevance to clinical practiceClinicians need to regularly assess anxiety and treat it appropriately. Regular anxiety assessment may promote appropriate use of anxiolytic medication. Clinical guidelines for the management of patients with an AMI should address anxiety assessment and appropriate use of anxiolytic medication to improve patients' outcomes.
Organizational Performance Consequences of Age Diversity: Inspecting the Role of Diversity‐Friendly HR Policies and Top Managers’ Negative Age Stereotypes
Authors: Kunze Florian , Boehm Stephan , Bruch Heike 
Published: January 2013

Abstract This paper seeks to advance the diversity literature by investigating organizational performance consequences of age diversity. Drawing from social‐identity and social‐categorization theory, we theoretically argue that, in age‐diverse companies, age‐based subgrouping processes occur, favouring a shared perception of a negative age‐discrimination climate. This perceived negative age‐discrimination climate in turn negatively relates to organizational performance. As the main contribution, top managers’ negative age‐related stereotypes and diversity‐friendly HR policies are introduced as organizational‐level moderators that increase and attenuate, respectively, the social categorization processes affecting performance in age‐diverse companies. We utilized structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses using a multisource dataset comprising 147 companies. The results supported all hypotheses, indicating that low negative top managers’ age stereotypes as well as high diversity‐friendly HR policies are potential organizational factors that can prevent the negative relation of age diversity with organizational performance transmitted through the negative age‐discrimination climate. These results are discussed in light of their contribution to the diversity literature and social‐categorization theory as well as their implication for practitioners.
Effects of antiviral therapy on hepatitis B virus reactivation and liver function after resection or chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lao Xiang‐Ming , Luo Guangyu , Ye Liang‐Tao , Luo Cheng , Shi Ming , Wang Dian , Guo Rongping , Chen Minshan , Li Shengping , Lin Xiaojun , Yuan Yunfei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundHow hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection react to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment remains unclear, and the roles of anti‐HBV therapy were seldom reported in HCC.AimsTo evaluate changes of HBV replication and liver function after hepatectomy or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for HCC, also the short‐term effects of anti‐viral therapy were analyzed.MethodsTotally, 590 HBsAg (+) HCC patients were recruited into two groups: only surgical resection, and only TACE, and subgrouped according to anti‐HBV therapy or none. Clinical data were analyzed for statistical significance and risk factors for adverse events.ResultsIn the no antiviral therapy groups, rates of HBV reactivation were 15.7% and 17.5% in patients who underwent hepatectomy and TACE, respectively, while the rates of deterioration of liver function were 4.1% and 8.1%, respectively. In contrast, in the antivirus group, the rates of reactivation were 0% and 1.5% after hepatectomy and TACE respectively, while the liver function deterioration rates were 2.4% and 1.5%, respectively. For patients who underwent hepatectomy, no antiviral therapy, and long hepatic inflow occlusion times increased the risk of HBV reactivation. For TACE, no antivirus and HBeAg negativity were the risk factors for reactivation. HBV reactivation was significantly correlated to liver function exacerbation after hepatectomy, while HBV reactivation, baseline ALT (alanine aminotransferase), and α‐fetoprotein levels were significantly correlated to liver function exacerbation after TACE.ConclusionsHBV reactivation can occur after hepatectomy or TACE. Anti‐HBV therapy can reduce the risk of reactivation, thus reducing the risk of liver failure especially in patients undergoing TACE.
Randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of oral paricalcitol with oral calcitriol in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Ong Loke Meng , Narayanan Punithavathi , Goh Heong Keong , Manocha Anita Bhajan , Ghazali Ahmad , Omar Mahanim , Mohamad Sukeri , Goh Bak‐Leong , Shah Shahnaz , Seman Mohd Ramli , Vaithilingam Indralingam , Ghazalli Rozina , Rahmat Korina , Shaariah Wan , Ching Chen Hua ,   Oral Paricalcitol in ESRD Study Group
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oral paricalcitol with oral calcitriol for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsWe conducted the first multicenter open‐labelled parallel group randomized controlled trial in 66 patients on dialysis. Patients were randomized to paricalcitol or calcitriol at a 3:1 dose ratio and adjusted to maintain intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level between 150–300 pg/mL, serum calcium ≤2.74 mmol/L and calcium‐phosphate product ≤5.63 mmol2/L2. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who achieved >30% reduction in iPTH.ResultsAt 24 weeks, 22 (61.1%) patients in the paricalcitol and 22 (73.3%) in the calcitriol group had achieved the primary end‐point (P‐value = 0.29). The cumulative proportion of patients who achieved the end‐point at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks were 50%, 80.6% and 86.1%, respectively, in paricalcitol and 53.3%, 86.7% and 86.7%, respectively, in the calcitriol group (P‐value = 0.67). Median time to the end‐point was 6 weeks in both groups. There were no significant differences in iPTH level at any time during the study. The median reduction in iPTH at 24 weeks was 48.4% in the paricalcitol group and 41.9% in the calcitriol group (P‐value = 0.6). The median maximal iPTH reduction was 77.1% (paricalcitol) and 83.7% (calcitriol), P‐value = 0.3. Serum calcium and incidence of hypercalcaemia did not differ between groups. 16.7% of patients in both groups had at least one episode of hypercalcaemia (serum calcium >2.74 mmol/L). Other adverse events were similar between groups.ConclusionOur study suggests that oral paricalcitol has similar efficacy and safety to oral calcitriol.
New star on the stage: amount of ray parenchyma in tree rings shows a link to climate
Authors: Olano José Miguel , Arzac Alberto , García‐Cervigón Ana I. , von Arx Georg , Rozas Vicente 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Tree‐ring anatomy reflects the year‐by‐year impact of environmental factors on tree growth. Up to now, research in this field has mainly focused on the hydraulic architecture, with ray parenchyma neglected despite the growing recognition of its relevance for xylem function. Our aim was to address this gap by exploring the potential of the annual patterns of xylem parenchyma as a climate proxy.

We constructed ring‐width and ray‐parenchyma chronologies from 1965 to 2004 for 20 Juniperus thurifera trees growing in a Mediterranean continental climate. Chronologies were related to climate records by means of correlation, multiple regression and partial correlation analyses.

Ray parenchyma responded to climatic conditions at critical stages during the xylogenetic process; namely, at the end of the previous year's xylogenesis (October) and at the onset of earlywood (May) and latewood formation (August).

Ray parenchyma‐based chronologies have potential to complement ring‐width chronologies as a tool for climate reconstructions. Furthermore, medium‐ and low‐frequency signals in the variation of ray parenchyma may improve our understanding of how trees respond to environmental fluctuations and to global change.
Constitutive and Relative Facultative Skin Pigmentation among Victorian Children Including Comparison of Two Visual Skin Charts for Determining Constitutive Melanin Density
Authors: Pezic Angela , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Cameron Fergus J , Rodda Christine , Ellis Justine A , Halliday Jane , Siero William , Lucas Robyn M , Dwyer Terence 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOur aim was to examine the association between ethnicity, phenotype, sun behavior and other characteristics, and constitutive and relative facultative skin pigmentation. A total of 191 participants were recruited, with a mean age of 7.6 years (SD 3.4), during 2009–2011 from Maternal and Child Health Centres (MCHC) and schools in Melbourne, Australia. Parental questionnaire data were obtained on sun behavior and examination consisted of noting the child's natural skin, hair and eye color, ethnicity, nevi count and spectrophotometric melanin density (MD). Constitutive skin pigmentation was estimated from buttock MD. Relative facultative skin pigmentation was estimated by hand compared with buttock absorption. Ethnicity, hair color and skin color were associated with constitutive and facultative skin pigmentation on univariate analysis. Higher ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the past month, greater freckling, greater nevi and increased sun exposure over the past year were related to darker facultative skin pigmentation. Sun exposure over the life course was not. The two skin charts accounted for 39.7% and 21.4% of buttock MD, respectively. Relative facultative skin pigmentation is associated with recent UVR levels, not life‐course sun exposure. Relative facultative skin pigmentation may not be a useful measure of sun exposure over the early life course. Skin color charts can be used to assess constitutive skin pigmentation if spectrophotometry is not available.
N200 and P300 as orthogonal and integrable indicators of distinct awareness and recognition processes in memory detection
Authors: Hu Xiaoqing , Pornpattananangkul Narun , Rosenfeld J. Peter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn an event‐related potential (ERP)‐based concealed information test (CIT), we investigated the effect of manipulated awareness of concealed information on the ERPs. Participants either committed a mock crime or not (guilty vs. innocent) before the CIT, and received feedback regarding either specific (high awareness) or general (low awareness) task performance during the CIT. We found that awareness and recognition of the crime‐relevant information differentially influenced the frontal‐central N200 and parietal P300: Probe elicited a larger N200 than irrelevant only when guilty participants were in the high awareness condition, whereas the P300 was mainly responsive to information recognition. No N200‐P300 correlation was found, allowing for a combined measure of both yielding the highest detection efficiency in the high awareness group (AUC = .91). Finally, a color‐naming Stroop task following the CIT revealed that guilty participants showed larger interference effects than innocent participants, suggesting that the former expended more attentional resources during the CIT.
Effects of short‐term nitrogen supply from livestock manures and cover crops on silage maize production and nitrate leaching
Authors: Schröder J. J. , de Visser W. , Assinck F. B. T. , Velthof G. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractResource use efficiency requires a correct appreciation of the nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV, percentage of total N applied) of manures. We assessed the NFRVs of the liquid fraction originating from separated pig slurry (MC), untreated pig slurry (PS), untreated cattle slurry (CS), the solid fraction from separated pig slurry (SF) and solid farmyard manure from cattle (FYM) in two consecutive years in silage maize grown on a sandy soil. Maize yields responded positively to each of these N sources applied at rates up to 150 kg of mineral fertilizer equivalents per ha per year (i.e. NFRV × total N rate). The observed NFRVs, relative to calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer, amounted to 78% for MC, 82% for PS, 79% for CS, 56% for SF and 34% for FYM when averaged over both years. NFRVs were positively related to the ammonium‐N share in the total N content. Rye cover crop establishment after the harvest of maize reduced nitrate concentrations of the upper groundwater by, on average, 7.5 mg nitrate‐N/L in the first year and 10.9 mg/L in the second year, relative to a bare soil. Regardless of the presence of a cover crop, nitrate concentrations responded positively to the applied rate of effective N (total N × NFRV) but less to postharvest residual soil mineral N.
Sources of intravascular ATP during exercise in humans: critical role for skeletal muscle perfusion
Authors: Kirby Brett S. , Crecelius Anne R. , Richards Jennifer C. , Dinenno Frank A. 
Published: January 2013

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Plasma ATP increases during exercise in humans, but whether ATP originates predominantly from extravascular (nerves and muscle) or intravascular sources (blood and endothelial cells) is unclear.
What is the main finding and its importance?The collective observations indicate that neither sympathetic nerves nor active skeletal muscle are likely to be the origin of intravascular ATP during dynamic muscle contractions in humans. Furthermore, elevations in skeletal muscle perfusion are requisite to increase and maintain high plasma ATP during exercise, suggesting ATP release from an intravascular cell source.
Exercise hyperaemia is regulated by several factors, and one factor known to increase with exercise that evokes a powerful vasomotor action is extracellular ATP. The origin of ATP detected in plasma from exercising muscle of humans is, however, a matter of debate, and ATP has been suggested to arise from sympathetic nerves, blood sources (e.g. erythrocytes), endothelial cells and skeletal myocytes, among others. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that acute augmentation of sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) results in elevated plasma ATP draining skeletal muscle, and that SNA superimposition during exercise increases ATP more than exercise alone. We showed that increased SNA via –40 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at rest did not increase plasma ATP (51 ± 8 nmol l−1 at rest versus 58 ± 7 nmol l−1 with LBNP), nor did it increase [ATP] above levels observed during rhythmic hand‐grip exercise (79 ± 11 nmol l−1 with exercise alone versus 71 ± 8 nmol l−1 with LBNP). Next, we tested the hypothesis that active perfusion of skeletal muscle is essential to observe increased plasma ATP during exercise. We showed that complete obstruction of blood flow to contracting muscle abolished exercise‐mediated increases in plasma ATP (from 90 ± 19 to 49 ± 12 nmol l−1), and that cessation of blood flow prior to exercise completely inhibited the typical rise in ATP (3 versus 61%, obstructed versus intact perfusion). The lack of change in ATP during occlusion occurred in the face of continued muscular work and elevated SNA, indicating that the rise of intravascular ATP did not result from these extravascular sources. Our collective observations indicated that the elevation in extracellular ATP observed in blood during exercise was unlikely to originate from sympathetic nerves or the contacting muscle itself, but rather was dependent on intact skeletal muscle perfusion. We conclude that an intravascular source for ATP is essential, which indicates an important role for blood sources (e.g. red blood cells) in augmenting and maintaining elevated plasma ATP during exercise.
Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Soil and Translocation into Leeks (Allium porrum) as Influenced by an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (Glomus intraradices)
Authors: Gurtler Joshua B. , Douds David D. , Dirks Brian P. , Quinlan Jennifer J. , Nicholson April M. , Phillips John G. , Niemira Brendan A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to determine the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on
Salmonella
and enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 (EHEC) in autoclaved soil and translocation into leek plants. Six-week-old leek plants (with [Myc+] or without [Myc−] AM fungi) were inoculated with composite suspensions of
Salmonella
or EHEC at ca. 8.2 log CFU/plant into soil. Soil, root, and shoot samples were analyzed for pathogens on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 postinoculation. Initial populations (day 1) were ca. 3.1 and 2.1 log CFU/root, ca. 2.0 and 1.5 log CFU/shoot, and ca. 5.5 and 5.1 CFU/g of soil for
Salmonella
and EHEC, respectively. Enrichments indicated that at days 8 and 22, only 31% of root samples were positive for EHEC, versus 73% positive for
Salmonella
. The mean
Salmonella
level in soil was 3.4 log CFU/g at day 22, while EHEC populations dropped to ≤0.75 log CFU/g by day 15. Overall,
Salmonella
survived in a greater number of shoot, root, and soil samples, compared with the survival of EHEC. EHEC was not present in Myc− shoots after day 8 (0/16 samples positive); however, EHEC persisted in higher numbers (
P
= 0.05) in Myc+ shoots (4/16 positive) at days 15 and 22.
Salmonella
, likewise, survived in statistically higher numbers of Myc+ shoot samples (8/8) at day 8, compared with survival in Myc− shoots (i.e., only 4/8). These results suggest that AM fungi may potentially enhance the survival of
E. coli
O157:H7 and
Salmonella
in the stems of growing leek plants.