bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Forest-Based Livelihoods through Integrated Climate Change Adaptation Planning
Authors: Shrestha Pratima , Gautam Dev Raj 
Published: July 2014

Forest-based livelihoods are ruthlessly affected by climate change and other non-climatic stressors. Forests as one of the precious natural assets available in the Chitwan Annapurna area is an appropriate sector to address community and ecosystem vulnerability through adaptation works like plantation, protecting biophysical environment against hazards like landslide, floods, and water scarcity. In Nepal, Community Forest Users Groups with legal entity serves as grassroot organizations in preparation of community based adaptation plan of action (CAPA). Hariyo Ban Program, have facilitated in preparation of community based adaptation plans in remote, vulnerable and marginalized communities of different places of Gandaki river basin. The result shows community perception towards climatic and non climatic stresses and its impacts in forest based livelihoods. Climate change, its variability and extreme events have mystified people’s livelihood and forced them to further suffering. Preparation and implementation of adaptation plans has provided a ray of hope towards addressing adverse impact of climate change. Till date, 142 community adaptation plans are prepared following a methodology on integrated community adaptation planning. Adaptation planning has let community know about the prevailing threats and vulnerabilities in their communities and helped to identify adaptation measures to reduce those threats and vulnerabilities, resulting in improved livelihoods. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v2i1.10819 Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.2(1) 2014: 135-146
Impacts of Climate Change on the Livelihoods of Local People: A Case from Jethal V.D.C., Sindhupal-Chowk District
Authors: Nepali Kul Bahadur , Pant Ramesh Raj , Pradhanang Sadhana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract not availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v2i1.10820 Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol.2(1) 2014: 147-158
Outcome of modern shunt therapy in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus 6 years postoperatively
Authors: Gölz Leonie , Ruppert Finn-Hannes , Meier Ullrich , Lemcke Johannes 
Published: July 2014

Object
Shunt therapy in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) can improve symptoms in 84% of patients 1 year postoperatively. Therefore, implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) prevents or at least prolongs the time during which patients are not dependent on care from others because of gait disorder or dementia. In this study, the medium-term results of modern shunt therapy were evaluated.

Methods
The authors retrospectively studied outcome in iNPH patients in whom VPSs were implanted. At yearly follow-up examinations over at least 6 years, clinical symptoms were recorded according to the NPH recovery rate (NPH-RR): (preoperative Kiefer Scale [KS] score − postoperative KS score)/(preoperative KS score × 10). Time and cause of death over this period were also analyzed.

Results
Among the 147 patients treated for iNPH in the period between 1997 and 2006, 69 had died at the time of the authors' survey. Sixty-one patients reached the 6-year examination. The median age was 64 years (range 33–83 years) at the time of VPS implantation and 73 years (range 41–91 years) at the time of this study. Six years after shunt implantation, the median KS score was significantly lower than the preoperative score (4.3 vs 8.1 points). Fifty-nine percent of 61 patients had an excellent outcome, 15% had satisfactory benefit, and 26% had unsatisfactory results 6 years postoperatively. Three of the 147 patients who underwent implantation of a VPS died of cerebral diseases 4–10 years postoperatively.

Conclusions
Implantation of a VPS is a safe procedure and can improve symptoms in 74% of patients with iNPH in the longer term.
Outpatient follow-up of nonoperative cerebral contusion and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: does repeat head CT alter clinical decision-making?
Authors: Rubino Sebastian , Zaman Rifat A. , Sturge Caleb R. , Fried Jessica G. , Desai Atman , Simmons Nathan E. , Lollis S. Scott 
Published: July 2014

Object
Many neurosurgeons obtain repeat head CT at the first clinic follow-up visit for nonoperative cerebral contusion and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH). The authors undertook a single-center, retrospective study to determine whether outpatient CT altered clinical decision-making.

Methods
The authors evaluated 173 consecutive adult patients admitted to their institution from April 2006 to August 2012 with an admission diagnosis of cerebral contusion or tSAH and at least 1 clinic follow-up visit with CT. Patients with epidural, subdural, aneurysmal subarachnoid, or intraventricular hemorrhage, and those who underwent craniotomy, were excluded. Patient charts were reviewed for new CT findings, new patient symptoms, and changes in treatment plan. Patients were stratified by neurological symptoms into 3 groups: 1) asymptomatic; 2) mild, nonspecific symptoms; and 3) significant symptoms. Mild, nonspecific symptoms included minor headaches, vertigo, fatigue, and mild difficulties with concentration, short-term memory, or sleep; significant symptoms included moderate to severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, focal neurological complaints, impaired consciousness, or new cognitive impairment evident on routine clinical examination.

Results
One hundred seventy-three patients met inclusion criteria, with initial clinic follow-up obtained within approximately 6 weeks. Of the 173 patients, 104 (60.1%) were asymptomatic, 68 patients (39.3%) had mild, nonspecific neurological symptoms, and 1 patient (1.0%) had significant neurological symptoms. Of the asymptomatic patients, 3 patients (2.9%) had new CT findings and 1 of these patients (1.0%) underwent a change in treatment plan because of these findings. This change involved an additional clinic appointment and CT to monitor a 12-mm chronic subdural hematoma that ultimately resolved without treatment. Of the patients with mild, nonspecific neurological symptoms, 6 patients (8.8%) had new CT findings and 3 of these patients (4.4%) underwent a change in treatment plan because of these findings; none of these patients required surgical intervention. The single patient with significant neurological symptoms did not have any new CT findings.

Conclusions
Repeat outpatient CT of asymptomatic patients after nonoperative cerebral contusion and tSAH is very unlikely to demonstrate significant new pathology. Given the cost and radiation exposure associated with CT, imaging should be reserved for patients with significant symptoms or focal findings on neurological examination.
Pauperization and Polarization of French Social Housing
Authors: Laferrère Anne 
Published: July 2014

Peuplement du logement social : paupérisation et polarisation Cet article descriptif essaie de formaliser certains mécanismes sous-jacents à l’évolution du peuplement des logements sociaux, pour éclairer le phénomène de paupérisation observé depuis une vingtaine d’années. Il propose aussi un modèle de filtration qui, joint au droit au maintien dans les lieux au même loyer quel que soit le revenu, modifie la paupérisation et explique que l’ancienneté des locataires soit corrélée positivement au revenu en hlm , ce qui s’accompagne d’une polarisation de la population hlm . Il apporte des éléments chiffrés sur la paupérisation à partir des enquêtes Logement de l’Insee et montre que les données sont compatibles avec le modèle proposé. Classification JEL : D1, R2
Une analyse de la loi électorale du 29 juin 1820
Authors: Le Breton Michel , Lepelley Dominique 
Published: July 2014

Nous exploitons, dans cet article, la théorie des indices de pouvoir pour évaluer les influences respectives des deux classes d’électeurs dans le mode de scrutin instauré par la loi électorale du 29 juin 1820, dite loi du « double vote ». Nous montrons, à l’aide d’un modèle simplifié, que le pouvoir de vote des « grands » électeurs, qui votent deux fois, est au moins trois à cinq fois supérieur à celui des « petits » électeurs, qui ne votent qu’une fois.
L'impact du piratage sur l'achat et le téléchargement légal
Authors: Bastard Irène , Bourreau Marc , Moreau François 
Published: July 2014

À partir d’une enquête sur les pratiques culturelles et les comportements d’achat de plus de 2 000 individus, nous étudions les déterminants de l’achat et du téléchargement de biens culturels pour les quatre filières du livre, de la musique, du film et du jeu vidéo. Nous trouvons que la relation entre le piratage et les achats légaux est différente suivant les filières : elle est globalement négative pour la musique et positive pour le jeu vidéo. Cet impact est aussi différent en fonction du profil des consommateurs (pirates occasionnels ou intensifs). Enfin, nos résultats suggèrent que le téléchargement illégal et le téléchargement légal sont des pratiques complémentaires plutôt que substituts pour les secteurs de la musique, du jeu vidéo et du livre.
Choix d'écoles en France
Authors: Hiller Victor , Tercieux Olivier 
Published: July 2014

Dans cet article, nous analysons, à l’aune de la théorie de l’appariement, la procédure d’affectation des élèves dans les lycées utilisée en France : la procédure Affelnet. Nous montrons que cette dernière correspond à la procédure d’acceptation différée école-proposant, définie par Gale et Shapley [1962]. Nous en déduisons un certain nombre de propriétés de la procédure Affelnet. En particulier, elle est stable et difficile à manipuler. En revanche, elle possède deux défauts majeurs : d’une part, dans l’ensemble des procédures stables, c’est celle qui conduit à la moins bonne affectation du point de vue des élèves ; d’autre part, la procédure Affelnet ne respecte pas les priorités : si un élève obtient une plus haute priorité dans tous les lycées (grâce à de meilleurs résultats scolaires, par exemple), il peut s’en trouver pénalisé dans son affectation finale. Nous discutons deux composantes additionnelles de la procédure Affelnet : la limite sur le nombre de vœux que les parents peuvent reporter, ainsi que l’existence d’un bonus pour les écoles classées en premier dans la liste de préférences. Finalement, nous pointons l’existence d’une procédure alternative, la procédure d’acceptation différée élève-proposant, qui respecte les priorités et est la plus efficace parmi les procédures stables. Nous simulons l’impact du passage à cette procédure sur le bien-être des élèves, et ce pour différentes caractéristiques de leurs préférences.
Pediatric Canalicular Lacerations: Epidemiology and Variables Affecting Repair Success
Authors: Murchison Ann P. , Bilyk Jurij R. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:
To evaluate the epidemiology and outcomes of all pediatric canalicular lacerations at a high-volume urban tertiary eye care center. Variables of repair were evaluated in relation to age and success of repair.

Methods:
A retrospective review over a 10-year span of all primary pediatric canalicular laceration repairs was performed. Variables included patient demographics, repair setting, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, type of stent used, and success of repair.

Results:

Of 137 canalicular lacerations evaluated, 27.7% occurred in patients younger than 18 years. The majority of the children were male (73.7%) and white (68.4%), with a mean age of 10.8 years (range: 1.1 to 17.9 years). The mechanism of injury was significantly more likely to be due to dog bites in children when compared to adults (
P
< .0001), particularly those younger than 10 years (
P
= .0068). Repair was significantly more successful in the operating room than the minor procedure room, regardless of type of stent used (
P
= .0247). The majority of children did not have other injuries (60.5%). However, of the other injuries sustained, 52.6% required further monitoring or repair.

Conclusions:
Pediatric canalicular lacerations are most common in young boys and dog bites are the most common etiology. Although many children may not have other injuries, full examination is warranted because other injuries may require intervention or more frequent monitoring.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(4):242–248.]
Slanted Medial Rectus Recession Is Effective in the Treatment of Convergence Excess Esotropia
Authors: Bayramlar Hüseyin , Ünlü Cihan , Dag Yasar 
Published: July 2014

Purpose:
To evaluate the surgical outcomes of slanted medial rectus recession in patients diagnosed as having convergence excess esotropia.

Methods:
Bilateral slanted recession of medial rectus muscles was performed in 16 patients with convergence excess esotropia. The lower margins of medial rectus muscles were recessed 1 to 2 mm more than the upper margins. Changes in near–distance disparity of the deviations were recorded.

Results:

The mean preoperative near–distance disparity of 20.3 ± 6.5 prism diopters (PD) decreased to 4.37 ± 5.6 PD postoperatively. The amount of collapse was significant (mean: 16 PD;
P
< .005). Near–distance disparity of 10 PD or less was obtained in 14 patients after surgery (87.5%), except 2 patients who had 16 PD of disparity. The authors did not encounter overcorrection except in 1 patient in whom minimal exophoria at distance and near with the glasses was observed and reduced the prescription.

Conclusions:
Bilateral slanted medial rectus muscle recession procedure effectively decreases the disparity between near and distance deviations in patients with convergence excess esotropia.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(6):337–340.]
Western Saudi adolescent age estimation utilising third molar development
Authors: Alshihri Amin M. , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to establish reference data on third molar morphology/development for age estimation in Western Saudi adolescents, between ages 14 and 23 years of old. Materials and Methods: The orthopantomograms of 130 individuals (males and females), were examined, and the stage of third molar development were evaluated. Results: Mean ages, standard deviations, and percentile distributions are presented for each stage of development. The mean estimated age for all participants (n = 130) was 219.7 months, and this differed significantly (P < 0.05) from the mean chronological age (226.5 months). Deviations of predicted age from real age showed 28.5% of all participants had their age estimated within 1 year (±12 months) of their chronological age. Most (43%) had their age underestimated by more than 12 months and the remaining 28.5% had their age overestimated by more than 12 months of their chronological age. Differences in left-right symmetry information of third molars were detected and were higher in the maxilla (92%) than in the mandible (82%). For all molars reaching stage “H” most individuals (males and females) were over the age 18 years of old. Males reach the developmental stages earlier than females. Conclusion: Third molar tooth development can be reliably used to generate mean age and the estimated age range for an individual of unknown chronological age. Further studies with large populations are needed for better statistical results.
Evaluation of tooth number anomalies in a subpopulation of the North-East of Turkey
Authors: Karadas Muhammet , Celikoglu Mevlut , Akdag Mustafa Sadik 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of tooth number anomalies in a Turkish subpopulation. Materials and Methods: A population of 2722 patients (1532 females and 1190 males; mean age, 12.33 ± 2.5 years) was retrospectively examined to determine the prevalence and distribution of the hypodontia, oligodontia, and hyperdontia using panoramic radiographs. All permanent teeth were investigated except thirds molars and the data obtained were recorded as unilateral (left or right) or bilateral according to gender. Pearson's Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests were used for difference comparisons (P < 0.05). Results: Permanent tooth anomalies were found in at least 132 (4.84%) of 2722 patients with no statistically difference between the genders, consists of 4.63% females and 5.12% males. Distribution of hyperdontia was statistically significant difference between genders, whereas distribution of hypodontia and oligodontia was no significant difference between genders. Hypodontia was the most frequently observed anomaly (3.67%), followed by hyperdontia (0.96%), and oligodontia (0.21%). Oligodontia and hypodontia were more frequent in females (3.98% and 0.26%, respectively), whereas hyperdontia was more frequently observed in males (1.68%). Maxillary lateral incisors were most common missing teeth (2.27%), while the frequency of hyperdontia was most common in premolars. Conclusion: The prevalence of teeth number anomalies was 4.84% of dental patients. Maxillary lateral incisors were most common missing teeth, while the frequency of hyperdontia was most common in premolars.
Three-dimensional evaluation of the mandibular third molars’ development in unilateral crossbite patients: A cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Halicioglu Koray , Celikoglu Mevlut , Buyuk Suleyman Kutalmis , Sekerci Ahmet Ercan , Ucar Faruk Izzet , Yavuz Ibrahim 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim was to investigate mandibular third molar (3M)’s maturation in the crossbite and normal sides by two- and three-dimensional analyses using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed using CBCT of 25 patients (16 females and 9 males; mean age: 16.8 ± 2.9 years) with unilateral posterior crossbite. The formation stages and the volume of the mandibular 3Ms were evaluated by means of CBCT data of the patients without knowing the crossbite side of the patients. Results: Statistically no significant differences were found in the development of the 3Ms between the crossbite and the control sides, whereas the volume of 3M was found to be less in the crossbite side than in the normal side (P = 0.021). Conclusions: A volume of 3M was found to be less in the crossbite side than in the normal side.
An Unusual Case of Intercurrent Eclampsia
Authors: Patel Raxita D , Mishra Ishita , Pandya Nimish C 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Eclampsia (Greek, 'shining forth’), an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, characterized by appearance of tonic clonic seizures in a patient of pre-eclampsia with maternal mortality ranging from 2 to 20%.
Intercurrent eclampsia consists of convulsions and hypertension and or proteinuria appearing as in antepartum cases but stopping and subsiding with enough clinical improvement to allow continuation of pregnancy for at least 10 days after cessation of convulsions. It had been standard advice that pregnancy should be terminated once the eclamptic fits are controlled for 24 to 48 hours because if the second attack of fits, if it recurs, is more severe and likely to be fatal. However, this need not necessarily be the case in every eclamptic. In the presence of a stable and cautiously monitored clinical situation the risk of second attack is negligible and an attempt for continuation of pregnancy to gain some critical fetal maturity and to reach favorable conditions compatible with vaginal delivery.
We report the case of 25-year-old primigravida patient with pregnancy of 27 weeks brought in emergency department with convulsion. On examination, she had altered consciousness, pulse 100/min, BP-170/100 mm Hg, and Uterus was 26 weeks in size and on vaginal examination os closed. All her blood investigations were normal, urine albumin+2, fundoscopy normal. After admission, she received oxygen, IV fluids, full dose MgSO4, indwelling catheter, antihypertensive. USG showed single live intrauterine fetus with 27 weeks 3 days maturity, expected weight 1.1 kg, liquor-adequate, Doppler showed increased S/D ratio in umbilical artery. No further convulsion occurred, urine output adequate, BP was 140/94 after 24 hours. Patient showed rapid improvement thus eliminating the need for urgent termination. Patient kept in ward oral antihypertensives. Patient and fetus closely monitored, USG showed gradual increase of baby weight to 1.7 kg. After 40 days of conservative management, patient develop signs of pre-eclampsia and emergency LSCS taken and a single live baby weighing 1.6 kg delivered. Her postpartum period was uneventful and patient with healthy baby discharged.
Thus, the policy of termination of pregnancy in cases of intercurrent eclampsia requires occasional consideration in view of availability of better lines of medical treatment and fetal monitoring.1

How to cite this article
Patel RD, Mishra I, Pandya NC. An Unusual Case of Intercurrent Eclampsia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(1):39-40.
A Tale of Two Towels
Authors: Ghongdemath Jyoti Sidhmalswamy , Shindholimath Vishwanath 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTGossip about ‘Gossypiboma’ is still heard in the surgical field even in this decade too. The real incidence is unknown, but has been reported as 1 in 100 to 3000 for all surgical interventions; whereas it is 1 in 1000 to 1500 for intra-abdominal operations. We report two cases of ‘retained surgical towel’ after abdominal hysterectomy, to discuss the diagnosis, complications, management and propose various means of its prevention. Both the patients recovered well after a stormy postoperative period.How to cite this articleGhongdemath JS, Shindholimath V, Lingegowda K. A Tale of Two Towels. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(1):41-45.
In situ Assessment of Effects of the Bromide- and Fluoride-incorporating Adhesive Systems on Biofilm and Secondary Caries
Authors: de Vasconcelos Suyane Maria Luna Cruz , de Melo Mary Anne Sampaio , Wenceslau Joao Paulo Marques Saraiva , Zanin Iriana Carla Junqueira , Beltrao Haroldo Cesar Pinheiro , Fernandes Carlos Augusto Oliveira , de Almeida Paulo Cesar , Rodrigues Lidiany Karla Azevedo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
This in situ study assessed the effects of adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and/or the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) on the microbiological composition of dental biofilm and enamel demineralization.

Materials and methods
During two phases of 14 days, ten volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances containing two slabs of human enamel according to a double-blind, crossover design. The slabs were randomly restored using a composite resin and one of the following adhesive systems: All-Bond SETM (self-etch, fluoride/MDPB free adhesive, AB) and Clearfil Protect Bond (self-etch containing fluoride and MDPB adhesive, CB). The biofilm formed on the slabs was analyzed with regard to total and mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts. Demineralization represented by integrated area of hardness × lesion depth Delta S (ƒ¢S) was determined on enamel by analysis of cross-sectional microhardness, at 20 and 70 ƒÊm from the restoration margin. Data were analyzed by ANOVA.

Results
No statistically significant difference was found either in enamel demineralization or in the microbiological composition of dental biofilm.

Conclusion
All adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and/or MDPB tested were unable to inhibit secondary caries in the in situ model used in the present research.

How to cite this article
de Vasconcelos SMLC, de Melo MAS, Wenceslau JPMS, Zanin ICJ, Beltrao HCP, Fernandes CAO, de Almeida PC, Rodrigues LKA. In situ Assessment of Effects of the Bromide- and Fluoride-Incorporating Adhesive Systems on Biofilm and Secondary Caries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(2):142-148.