bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physically effectiveness of beet pulp‐based diets in dairy cows as assessed by responses of feed intake, digestibility, chewing activity and milk production
Authors: Teimouri Yansari A. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryNine multiparous Holstein cows (DIM = 56 ± 5 day) were randomly assigned to three experimental diets containing fine‐dried (T1), normal‐dried (T2) and pelleted (T3) beet pulp (BP) at 12% on a dry matter basis in a 3 × 3 change over design in three 21 day periods to evaluate the effects of three types of BP. Bulk density, functional specific gravity and water‐holding capacity of ration and intake were similar, but intake of physically effective fibre was different among treatments. Without significant differences, nutrients' digestibility in T1 trended to be higher than T2 and T3. Ruminal liquid pH and N‐NH3 concentration were lower in T1 and higher in T3 than T2. Grinding and pelleting of BP increased and decreased volatile fatty acid concentration respectively. Grinding decreased acetate and propionate and increased butyrate and lactic acid. In contrary to pelleting, grinding of BP increased the particulate ruminal passage rate, but decreased ruminal mean retention time and lower compartment mean retention time. Pelleting of BP decreased ruminal passage rate, but increased ruminal mean retention time and lower compartment mean retention time. Grinding increased 5.64, 5.9 and 5.8% eating time, rumination and total chewing activity in comparison with normal BP respectively. Pelleting increased 2.7%, 16.3% and 10.0% eating time, rumination and total chewing activity in comparison with T2 respectively. Milk yield had no significant difference, but milk yield adjusted to 4% fat, and milk fat (kg/day), fat, protein, casein and total solid of milk (%) were affected by the treatments. Results from this experiment show that based on milk fat assay, grinding did not reduce effectiveness of BP, but pelleting significantly increased effectiveness of BP. In addition, based on total chewing activity, grinding did not reduce physically effectiveness of BP, but pelleting of BP increased its physically effectiveness.
Relationship between IL‐10 gene −1082A/G and −592C/A polymorphisms and the risk of hepatitis C infection: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun X.‐R. , Wu J. , Shi K.‐Q. , Tang K.‐F. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryIncreasing evidence suggests that interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) gene promoter polymorphisms may be associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV clearance. To more precisely estimate the association between these variants and the risk of HCV infection, we performed a meta‐analysis of 26 studies describing the IL‐10–1082A/G, –819C/T, –592C/A genotypes, including 4039 chronic HCV infection cases and 2902 controls. When compared with a healthy population, the –1082GG allele had a 43% increased risk of chronic HCV infection in combined populations (GG vs GA + AA: odds ratio (OR) = 1.433, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.052–1.952, P = 0.023). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significant increased risk was associated with the −1082GG genotype in the Caucasian population (GG vs AA: OR = 1.390, 95% CI: 1.108–1.744, P = 0.004; GG vs GA + AA: OR = 1.621, 95% CI: 1.267–2.075, P = 0.000). However, no significant association was found in Asian, African or Chinese populations. Moreover, a higher distribution of −592A was found in the spontaneously recovered population (AA vs CC: OR = 0.585, 95% CI = 0.387–0.884, P = 0.011; AA + AC vs CC: OR = 0.738, 95% CI = 0.551–0.988, P = 0.041; AA vs AC + CC: OR = 0.788, 95% CI = 0.664–0.935, P = 0.006) than that in the chronic HCV infection population. In conclusion, the IL‐10–1082GG allele may increase the risk of chronic HCV infection in Caucasian population, and people carrying the IL‐10–592A allele are more likely to clear HCV spontaneously.
Hepatitis B virus X induces cell proliferation in the hepatocarcinogenesis via up‐regulation of cytoplasmic p21 expression
Authors: Yano Masahiko , Ohkoshi Shogo , Aoki Yo‐hei , Takahashi Hiromichi , Kurita Sou , Yamazaki Kazuhide , Suzuki Kenta , Yamagiwa Satoshi , Sanpei Ayumi , Fujimaki Shun , Wakai Toshifumi , Kudo Shin‐ei , Matsuda Yasunobu , Aoyagi Yutaka 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has been shown to induce hepatocarcinogenesis by disrupting the functions of intracellular molecules. Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Cip1/WAF1), known as a tumour‐suppressor gene, has been reported to have paradoxical function, that is, acting as an oncogene, particularly when expressed in the cytoplasm. The effects of HBx on the expression and function of p21 also remain controversial.AimsWe attempted to investigate the role of HBx in the hepatocarcinogenic process, focusing on the association with this paradoxical function of p21. The results obtained were further verified with experiments using the antihepatocarcinogenic action of interferon (IFN)‐β.MethodsHBx transgenic mice (Xg) and HBx‐transfected hepatoma cell lines were used. Intracellular localization of p21 was determined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence.ResultsXg and HBx‐transfected cells exhibited increased expression of p21. Up‐regulation of p21 was positively correlated with the expression of cyclin D1 and inactive phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). These HBx‐induced cell proliferative responses were cancelled by knockdown of p21, which resulted in growth reduction in HBx‐expressing cells, suggesting the oncogenic properties of HBx‐induced p21. HBx induced accumulation of p21 in the cytoplasm, and activation of PKCα was involved. Finally, IFN‐β‐treated Xg liver, as well as hepatoma cells, showed a shift of cytoplasmic p21 to the nucleus, accompanied by the abrogation of HBx‐induced oncogenic modulation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HBx induces hepatocarcinogenesis via PKCα‐mediated overexpression of cytoplasmic p21 and IFN‐β suppressed these molecular events by shifting p21 to the nucleus.
Role of follicle‐stimulating hormone on biliary cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Onori Paolo , Mancinelli Romina , Franchitto Antonio , Carpino Guido , Renzi Anastasia , Brozzetti Stefania , Venter Julie , Francis Heather , Glaser Shannon , Jefferson Douglas M. , Alpini Gianfranco , Gaudio Eugenio 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by the progressive development of renal and hepatic cysts. Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) has been demonstrated to be a trophic factor for biliary cells in normal rats and experimental cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL).AimsTo assess the effect of FSH on cholangiocyte proliferation during ADPKD using both in vivo and in vitro models.MethodsEvaluation of FSH receptor (FSHR), FSH, phospho‐extracellular‐regulated kinase (pERK) and c‐myc expression in liver fragments from normal patients and patients with ADPKD. In vitro, we studied proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cAMP levels in a human immortalized, non‐malignant cholangiocyte cell line (H69) and in an immortalized cell line obtained from the epithelium lining the hepatic cysts from the patients with ADPKD (LCDE) with or without transient silencing of the FSH gene.ResultsFollicle‐stimulating hormone is linked to the active proliferation of the cystic wall and to the localization of p‐ERK and c‐myc. This hormone sustains the biliary growth by activation of the cAMP/ERK signalling pathway.ConclusionThese results showed that FSH has an important function in cystic growth acting on the cAMP pathway, demonstrating that it provides a target for medical therapy of hepatic cysts during ADPKD.
A Network Generalized Extreme Value Model for Route Choice Allowing Implicit Route Enumeration
Authors: Papola Andrea , Marzano Vittorio 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article introduces an adaptation of the Network GEV model for modelling joint choices, named Joint Network GEV (JNG), and its application to the route choice context, named Link‐Based JNG (LB‐JNG), assuming the choice of a route as the joint choice of all links belonging to that route. The LB‐JNG model aims at reproducing the effects of routes overlapping with a theoretical robust framework (since it belongs to the Network GEV, to date the most flexible closed‐form model in reproducing covariances), allowing at the same time for easy application to real networks through a closed‐form probability statement, a proper definition of its parameters and the availability of an implicit route enumeration algorithm for network loading. The article carries out first an overview of the theoretical properties of the JNG model. Then, the LB‐JNG adaptation to route choice is described, and its capability to reproduce the effects of routes overlapping is investigated using some test networks, wherein the performances of the proposed model are also compared with those of other route choice models available in the literature. Finally, an implicit route enumeration algorithm for macroscopic static stochastic network loading, based on a double‐step generalization of Dial's STOCH algorithm, is proposed and tested on real size networks.
Effect of repeated Campylobacter jejuni infection on gut flora and mucosal defense in a rat model of post infectious functional and microbial bowel changes
Authors: Sung J. , Morales W. , Kim G. , Pokkunuri V. , Weitsman S. , Rooks E. , Marsh Z. , Barlow G. M. , Chang C. , Pimentel M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundCampylobacter jejuni infection is a leading cause of gastroenteritis and post infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS). Unanswered questions include the role of cytokines, effects on gut flora, and why IBS is not more prevalent in countries with higher gastroenteritis rates. Therefore, we determined the effects of early and repeat C. jejuni infections on post infectious phenotypes, gut flora, and cytokine levels in a rat model of functional bowel and microbial changes.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats were gavaged with 108 cfu C. jejuni as juveniles and again as adults (J+/A+), as adults only (J‐/A+), or vehicle (controls). Stool consistency during acute colonization, post infectious stool wet weight, total bacteria and Methanobrevibacter smithii levels in bowel segments, and ileal cytokines were evaluated.Key ResultsC. jejuni colonization was longer for first exposures as juveniles (43.4 ± 1.7 days) vs. adults (30.4 ± 3.5 days) (P < 0.01) and shortest for second exposures (10.5 ± 1.7 days, P < 0.05). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was more prevalent in J+/A+ (47%) than J‐/A+ rats (26%) (P = 0.019), but J‐/A+ rats had greater stool consistency alterations (P < 0.01). Ileal β‐defensin 2, TLR‐4, IL‐8, and β‐defensin 6 levels were increased in J‐/A+ rats and further increased in J+/A+ rats; TNF‐α was highest and IL6 lowest in J‐/A+ rats. Total bacteria increased, and M. smithii decreased, with successive infections.Conclusions & InferencesWe conclude that C. jejuni infection results in long‐term alterations in small bowel flora, including methanogens. Mucosal defense mediators appear related to the number of infections, but not to SIBO development or the development of functional bowel phenotypes.
Competition between roots and microorganisms for nitrogen: mechanisms and ecological relevance
Authors: Kuzyakov Yakov , Xu Xingliang 
Published: March 2013

SummaryDemand of all living organisms on the same nutrients forms the basis for interspecific competition between plants and microorganisms in soils. This competition is especially strong in the rhizosphere. To evaluate competitive and mutualistic interactions between plants and microorganisms and to analyse ecological consequences of these interactions, we analysed 424 data pairs from 41 15N‐labelling studies that investigated 15N redistribution between roots and microorganisms. Calculated Michaelis–Menten kinetics based on Km (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximum uptake capacity) values from 77 studies on the uptake of nitrate, ammonia, and amino acids by roots and microorganisms clearly showed that, shortly after nitrogen (N) mobilization from soil organic matter and litter, microorganisms take up most N. Lower Km values of microorganisms suggest that they are especially efficient at low N concentrations, but can also acquire more N at higher N concentrations (Vmax) compared with roots. Because of the unidirectional flow of nutrients from soil to roots, plants are the winners for N acquisition in the long run. Therefore, despite strong competition between roots and microorganisms for N, a temporal niche differentiation reflecting their generation times leads to mutualistic relationships in the rhizosphere. This temporal niche differentiation is highly relevant ecologically because it: protects ecosystems from N losses by leaching during periods of slow or no root uptake; continuously provides roots with available N according to plant demand; and contributes to the evolutionary development of mutualistic interactions between roots and microorganisms.

Contents

Summary
656

I.
Introduction
657

II.
General solution: trade of C for nutrients
657

III.
Methods
658

IV.
Interactions between roots and rhizosphere microorganisms
659

V.
Potential of plants and microorganisms for N uptake by their competition
661

VI.
Ecological relevance of competition between roots and microorganisms for N
662

VII.
Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on N flows between microorganisms and roots
663

VIII.
Conclusions and outlook
665

Acknowledgements
666

References
666
A mechanistic model for the photosynthesis–light response based on the photosynthetic electron transport of photosystem II in C3 and C4 species
Authors: Ye Zi‐Piao , Suggett David J. , Robakowski Piotr , Kang Hua‐Jing 
Published: March 2013

Summary

A new mechanistic model of the photosynthesis–light response is developed based on photosynthetic electron transport via photosystem II (PSII) to specifically describe light‐harvesting characteristics and associated biophysical parameters of photosynthetic pigment molecules. This model parameterizes ‘core’ characteristics not only of the light response but also of difficult to measure physical parameters of photosynthetic pigment molecules in plants.

Application of the model to two C3 and two C4 species grown under the same conditions demonstrated that the model reproduced extremely well (r2 > 0.992) the light response trends of both electron transport and CO2 uptake.

In all cases, the effective absorption cross‐section of photosynthetic pigment molecules decreased with increasing light intensity, demonstrating novel operation of a key mechanism for plants to avoid high light damage.

In parameterizing these previously difficult to measure characteristics of light harvesting in higher plants, the model provides a new means to understand the mechanistic processes underpinning variability of CO2 uptake, for example, photosynthetic down‐regulation or reversible photoinhibition induced by high light and photoprotection. However, an important next step is validating this parameterization, possibly through application to less structurally complex organisms such as single‐celled algae.
Irreversible local sequelae of inadvertent extrusion of calcium hydroxide intra‐canal medication: a case report
Authors: Hanson C.J. , Macluskey M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCalcium hydroxide is a highly alkaline bacteriocidal intra‐canal medicament. We present the case of a patient who developed anaesthesia of upper lip and cheek on the right side of her face following the placement of intra‐canal calcium hydroxide medicament into tooth 16 and the inadvertent extrusion of this paste. A route, along which the paste tracked, is proposed to account for the neural changes. The clinical presentation, radiographic investigations, treatment is outlined and discussed. The mechanism of toxicity of the paste is reviewed.
Juvenile ossifying fibroma of jaws: a clinicopathological analysis of eight cases
Authors: Gopinath D. , Beena V.T. , Padmakumar S.K. , Sugirth R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile ossifying fibroma is defined as an aggressive variant of the ossifying fibroma and includes juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma and juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma.Materials and methodsA retrospective review was made of all the biopsies performed at the Government Dental College, Trivandrum between 2001 and 2010. The reason for consultation was analysed, along with patient age, sex, clinical and radiological characteristics, tentative diagnosis, histological diagnosis, and treatment provided.Results and conclusionAmong the eight cases reported as juvenile ossifying fibroma, there were five girls and three boys with a mean patient age of 14 years (range 9–20 years). The most frequent location was the mandible (six cases). Size of the lesions was 2 cm on average. Four patients presented with painful, hard tumour mass with a duration of several months. The remaining four cases were hard swellings without any symptoms. Four of the lesions were also completely radiolucent, three cases showed mixed radiolucent radio‐opaque picture, and one was radio‐opaque. Microscopically, four cases were trabecular variant, two were psammomatoid type, and rest of the two cases exhibited both patterns with a predominant trabecular pattern. Surgical resection was performed in all the eight cases. Follow‐up was performed in six cases, of which two recurred after 3 years. Rest of the two patients did not report back to our institution.
Angiosarcoma of the mandible: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Chehal H.K. , Mitchell M.W. , Cohen D.M. , Bhattacharyya I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAngiosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. It is characterised by endothelial differentiation. Lesions are most commonly seen in the head and neck region, especially on the skin of the scalp in elderly men. Oral and intraosseous lesions are comparatively rare. We report an exceedingly rare case of primary intraosseous angiosarcoma in a 79‐year‐old male arising in the mandibular left retromolar region.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Requirements of Pacing Over Time
Authors: PEREIRA EULÁLIA , FERREIRA NUNO , CAEIRO DANIEL , PRIMO JOÃO , ADÃO LUÍS , OLIVEIRA MARCO , GONÇALVES HELENA , RIBEIRO JOSÉ , SANTOS ELISABETH , LEITE DANIEL , BETTENCOURT NUNO , BRAGA PEDRO , SIMÕES LINO , VOUGA LUÍS , GAMA VASCO 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundA permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is common after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We sought to evaluate requirements of pacing and incidence of pacemaker dependency during the first year after TAVI.MethodsFrom August 2007 until May 2011, 65 patients underwent TAVI with self‐expandable prosthesis. Five patients paced at baseline and two procedure‐related deaths were excluded. Evaluation of ventricular pacing percentage (VP%) and look for spontaneous rhythm were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months.ResultsPPM implantation was required in 19/58 patients (33%). Mean VP% decreased between assessments (59% at 3 months, 48% at 6 months, 50% at 12 months), but overall VP% at 1 year was high (57% ± 43%) and most patients were paced ≥10% of time. A favorable annulus‐to‐aorta angle was associated with lower pacing requirements (60% of patients paced ≤10% of time vs 10% of patients paced >10% of time presented an angle ≤30⁰, P = 0.039). Pacemaker dependency was established in 27% of patients and could be predicted by the presence of porcelain aorta (odds ratio = 30, confidence interval 95% 1–638, P = 0.029). New postprocedural left bundle branch block (LBBB) had a negative impact on 1‐year survival (58% vs 82% in non‐LBBB group, P = 0.111). PPM implantation had no impact on 1‐year survival.ConclusionsOne third of patients required PPM after TAVI and full recovery of advanced conduction abnormalities seems unlikely. Unfavorable aortic root orientation may hinder the deployment of the valve and contribute to the continued impairment of the conduction system. Porcelain aorta was a strong predictor of pacemaker dependency.
Questioning the evidence of organic compounds called sponge biomarkers
Authors: Antcliffe Jonathan B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractElevated concentrations of an organic compound, 24‐isopropylcholestane, found in thePrecambrianHuqfSupergroup ofOman may provide the oldest known sponge ‘fossil’. This evidence is of critical importance for a properly balanced understanding of the origin of animals. Several different pelagophyte (ClassPelagophyceae part of theStramenopiles within theChromaveolata) algae are also capable of producing these exact compounds, and may similarly have done so in deep time. Modern marine algae are also reported to produce structural isomers that are compositionally identical to the sponge marker; they do this in copious quantities. Further, 24‐isopropylcholestane can be produced by diagenetic alteration of compounds produced in large quantities by algae. It is also possible that contamination by petroleum derived lubricating oil used when coring while extracting these compounds from subsurface layers, has affected the data. All extinct organisms that may have produced this compounds are unavailable for analysis by the modern organic chemist and cannot be eliminated from the list of possible producers of the sponge marker. There are also significant uncertainties regarding the dating of the strata from which these ancient compounds are found. Although the compounds are widely reported asc. 751 Ma, they are younger than 645 Ma. It seems more likely that these compounds represent algal biochemical evolution at a time when algal burial occurred in great quantity with well known coeval algal fossils but no sponge fossils. The macroalgal biomass may have declined during the agronomic revolution at the base of theCambrianPeriod owing to processing by metazoans, accounting for the comparative scarcity of these sponge markers inPhanerozoic sediments, after which time sponge spicules and body fossils become evident.
A randomized comparison of the laryngeal mask airway supreme™ and laryngeal mask airway unique™ in infants and children: does cuff pressure influence leak pressure?
Authors: Jagannathan Narasimhan , Sohn Lisa , Sommers Katherine , Belvis Dawn , Shah Ravi D. , Sawardekar Amod , Eidem Jami , DaGraca Justin , Mukherji Isabella 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe cuff pressure for optimal airway sealing with first‐generation laryngeal mask airway has been shown to be 40 cm H2O in children. Currently, there are no data regarding the ideal intracuff pressure for the laryngeal mask airway Supreme (Supreme) in children.ObjectivesTo compare the clinical performance of the laryngeal mask airway supreme with the laryngeal mask airway unique in infants and children.Materials and methodsOne hundred eighty children were assigned to receive either a Supreme or a laryngeal mask airway‐U. We hypothesized higher airway leak pressure with the Supreme at both 40 cm H2O and 60 cm H2O, when compared with the laryngeal mask airway‐U. Ease and time of insertion, insertion attempts, fiber optic examination, quality of airway, efficacy of mechanical ventilation, success of gastric tube placement (Supreme), incidence of gastric insufflation, and complications were also assessed.ResultsAirway leak pressure at an intracuff pressure of 60 cm H2O for the Supreme was 17.4 (5.2) vs laryngeal mask airway‐U at 18.4 (6.6) cm H2O and did not differ when compared to an intracuff pressure of 40 cm H2O for both devices; Supreme at 17.2 (5) vs laryngeal mask airway‐U at 17.7 (6) cm H2O. The laryngeal mask airway‐U was associated with higher first‐attempt success rates. The Supreme was associated with less gastric insufflation than the laryngeal mask airway‐U.ConclusionsIntracuff pressures of 40 cm H2O may be sufficient for the Supreme in children, and there may be no added benefit of an intracuff pressure of 60 cm H2O, as leak pressures were similar. The Supreme may be preferred over the laryngeal mask airway‐U for its lower rates of gastric insufflation and provision for gastric access when mechanical ventilation is utilized.