bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of extruded flaxseed meal supplemented diet on growth performance, oxidative stability and quality of broiler meat and meat products
Authors: Anjum Faqir Muhammad , Haider Muhammad Faizan , Khan Muhammad Issa , Sohaib Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad Sajid 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This study was intended to explore the effect of extruded flaxseed meal supplemented diet on broiler growth performance, oxidative stability and organoleptic characteristics of broiler meat and meat products. 120 (day old) broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 12 experimental groups and fed on diets containing extruded flaxseed meal at 0, 5, 10 and 15%. The supplementation of extruded flaxseed in the diet decreases the body weight gain, feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) values of broilers. The antioxidant enzymes were strongly influenced by different levels of extruded flaxseed supplementation among treatments. The TBARS assay revealed that maximum malondialdehyde were produced in T3 containing highest extruded flaxseed level (15%) and minimum malondialdehyde were produced in T0 treatment having no extruded flaxseed. The TBARS values ranged from 0.850-2.106 and 0.460-1.052 in leg and breast met respectively. The Free radical scavenging activity varied significantly and DPPH values of breast meat ranged from 20.70% to 39.09% and in leg meat 23.53% to 43.09% respectively. The sensory acceptability of broiler meat nuggets was decreased with the increase in the level of flaxseeds due to the lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) which generated off flavors and bad odors. Feeding extruded flaxseed to chicken through feed strongly inflated the quality and functional properties, fatty acid contents and reduced the oxidative stability of broiler meat and meat products. The present study concludes that up to 10% of flaxseed meal may be used in broiler diet to enhance the omega 3 fatty acids content in the broiler meat.
Hirsutanol A, a novel sesquiterpene compound from fungus Chondrostereum sp., induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth through mitochondrial-independent ROS production: Hirsutanol A inhibits tumor growth through ROS production
Authors: Yang Fen , Chen Wen-Dan , Deng Rong , Zhang Hui , Tang Jun , Wu Ke-Wei , Li Dan-Dan , Feng Gong-Kan , Lan Wen-Jian , Li Hou-Jin , Zhu Xiao-Feng 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Hirsutanol A is a novel sesquiterpene compound purified from fungus Chondrostereum sp. in Sarcophyton tortuosum. Our previous studies had demonstrated that hirsutanol A exhibited potent cytotoxic effect on many kinds of cancer cell lines. In the current study, the antitumor activity of hirsutanol A and its molecular mechanisms were investigated.

Methods
Hirsutanol A induced growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death of human colon cancer SW620 cells and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231cells were determined using MTT assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The effect of hirsutanol A on intrinsic ROS level and change in mitochondrial membrane potential (△ψm) of different cell lines were also measured by flow cytometry assay. The function of JNK was compromised by JNK siRNA or JNK inhibitor SP600125. The expression of cytochrome c, p-JNK, p-c-Jun after treatment with hirsutanol A were detected by Western blot analysis. Finally, the in vivo anti-tumor effect of hirsutanol A was examined in human cancer cell SW620 xenograft model.

Results
The results showed that hirsutanol A significantly induced apoptosis, mitochondrial-independent increase of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level, change of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c in human cancer cells. Preventing increase of ROS level using the potent antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) markedly decreased hirsutanol A-induced apoptosis. In addition, JNK signaling pathway was activated by hirsutanol A through elevating ROS level. Blockade of JNK signaling pathway by JNK specific inhibitor SP600125 enhanced apoptosis and hirsutanol A-induced ROS accumulation. Also, hirsutanol A exhibited antitumor activity in human cancer cell SW620 xenograft model.

Conclusion
These data suggested that hirsutanol A inhibited tumor growth through triggering ROS production and apoptosis.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of amniocytes reveals potentially dysregulated molecular networks in Down syndrome
Authors: Cho Chan-Kyung J , Drabovich Andrei P , Karagiannis George S , Martínez-Morillo Eduardo , Dason Shawn , Dimitromanolakis Apostolos , Diamandis Eleftherios P 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Down syndrome (DS), caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, affects 1 in 750 live births and is characterized by cognitive impairment and a constellation of congenital defects. Currently, little is known about the molecular pathogenesis and no direct genotype-phenotype relationship has yet been confirmed. Since DS amniocytes are expected to have a distinct biological behaviour compared to normal amniocytes, we hypothesize that relative quantification of proteins produced from trisomy and euploid (chromosomally normal) amniocytes will reveal dysregulated molecular pathways.

Results
Chromosomally normal- and Trisomy 21-amniocytes were quantitatively analyzed by using Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino acids in Cell culture and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 4919 unique proteins were identified from the supernatant and cell lysate proteome. More specifically, 4548 unique proteins were identified from the lysate, and 91% of these proteins were quantified based on MS/MS spectra ratios of peptides containing isotope-labeled amino acids. A total of 904 proteins showed significant differential expression and were involved in 25 molecular pathways, each containing a minimum of 16 proteins. Sixty of these proteins consistently showed aberrant expression from trisomy 21 affected amniocytes, indicating their potential role in DS pathogenesis. Nine proteins were analyzed with a multiplex selected reaction monitoring assay in an independent set of Trisomy 21-amniocyte samples and two of them (SOD1 and NES) showed a consistent differential expression.

Conclusions
The most extensive proteome of amniocytes and amniotic fluid has been generated and differentially expressed proteins from amniocytes with Trisomy 21 revealed molecular pathways that seem to be most significantly affected by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Impact of partial relay selection on the capacity of communications systems with outdated CSI and adaptive transmission techniques
Authors: Zhong Bin , Zhang Zhongshan , Zhang Xu , Li Yan , Long Keping 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe impact of outdated channel state information (CSI) on the capacity of amplify-and-forward (AF) partial relay selection systems is studied in this article. The closed-form expressions for the distribution of received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a multi-relay cooperative communications system is first derived, with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels being assumed in each wireless link. After that, the theoretical closed-form expressions for both outage probability and channel capacity of partial relay selection are derived, with four classical adaptive transmission techniques, including the constant power with optimal rate adaption (ORA), the optimal power and rate adaption (OPRA), the channel inversion with fixed rate (CIFR) and truncated channel inversion with fixed rate (TIFR), being considered. Numerical analysis proves that the channel capacity of partial relay selection is impacted considerably by some critical parameters, including the number of relays, the channel correlation coefficient and the end-to-end SNR, etc. It’s also exhibited in the numerical results that among the four adaptive transmission techniques, the diversity order of OPRA is larger than that of TIFR, and the OPRA outperforms TIFR with about 0.15 bits/s/Hz in terms of average channel capacity.
A Wald test with enhanced selectivity properties in homogeneous environments
Authors: Liu Weijian , Xie Wenchong , Wang Yongliang 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A Wald test with enhanced selectivity capabilities is proposed in homogeneous environments. At the design stage, we assume that the cell under test contains a noise-like interferer in addition to colored noise and possible signal of interest. We show that the Wald test is equivalent to a recently proposed Rao test. We also observe that this Rao/Wald test possesses constant false alarm rate property in homogeneous environments.
Prophylactic ceftizoxime for elective cesarean delivery at Soba Hospital, Sudan
Authors: Osman Bashier , Abbas Amna , Ahmed Mohamed A , Abubaker Magid S , Adam Ishag 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundA prophylactic antibiotic is recommended to reduce infection-related complication following cesarean delivery. There is a current debate on the time of prophylactic antibiotic in cesarean delivery.MethodsAn opened randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted at Soba hospital, Sudan to investigate the timing (pre-incision or after clamping of the umbilical cord) of ceftizoxime for elective cesarean delivery. The outcome measures were; the incidence of post-cesarean febrile and infection-related morbidity and neonatal outcomes between the two groups.ResultsHundred –eighty women (90 women in each arm of the study) received intravenous injection of 1 g of ceftizoxime as single dose either at pre-incision or after clamping of the umbilical cord. None of the women in either group had endometritis. One woman in the pre-incision group had chest infection. There was no significant difference in the incidence of wound infection between the two groups, 8 (6.7%) vs. 3 (3.3%);P = 0.2. Two babies in the pre-incision group (P = 0.497) had a low Apgar score (< 8) at 1 min. Similar number of neonate (15 in each arm) was admitted to nursery. There were no significant difference in the neonatal jaundice between the two groups, 5 (5.5%) vs. 4 (4.4%),P = 0.2. There was no perinatal death.ConclusionsThere was no difference in the two regimens (pre-incision or post-clamping of the umbilical cord) of ceftizoxime as prophylactic for elective cesarean delivery.Trial registrationNCT01347593
Development of breeding lines with three pyramided resistance genes that confer broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance and their molecular analysis in rice
Authors: Suh Jung-Pil , Jeung Ji-Ung , Noh Tae-Hwan , Cho Young-Chan , Park So-Hyun , Park Hyun-Su , Shin Mun-Sik , Kim Chung-Kon , Jena Kshirod K 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
The development of resistant cultivars has been the most effective and economical strategy to control bacterial leaf blight (BB) disease of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Molecular markers have made it possible to identify and pyramid valuable genes of agronomic importance in resistance rice breeding. In this study, three resistance genes (Xa4 + xa5 + Xa21) were transferred from an indica donor (IRBB57), using a marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) breeding strategy, into a BB-susceptible elite japonica rice cultivar, Mangeumbyeo, which is high yielding with good grain quality.

Results
Our analysis led to the development of three elite advanced backcross breeding lines (ABL) with three resistance genes by foreground and phenotypic selection in a japonica genetic background without linkage drag. The background genome recovery of the ABL expressed more than 92.1% using genome-wide SSR marker analysis. The pathogenicity assays of three resistance-gene-derived ABL were conducted under glasshouse conditions with the 18 isolates of Xoo prevalent in Korea. The ABL exhibited very small lesion lengths, indicating a hypersensitive reaction to all 18 isolates of Xoo, with agronomic and grain quality traits similar to those of the recurrent parent. Pyramiding the resistance genes Xa4, xa5 and Xa21 provided a higher resistance to Xoo than the introduction of the individual resistance genes. Additionally, the combination of two dominant and one recessive BB resistance gene did not express any negative effect on agronomic traits in the ABL.

Conclusions
The strategy of simultaneous foreground and phenotypic selection to introduce multiple R genes is very useful to reduce the cost and the time required for the isolation of desirable recombinants with target resistance genes in rice. The resistance-gene-derived ABL have practical breeding value without a yield penalty by providing broad-spectrum resistance against most of the existing isolates of BB in South Korea and will have a high impact on the yield stability and sustainability of rice productivity.
Novel insights regarding the sigmoidal pattern of resistance to neomycin conferred by the aphII gene, in Streptomyces lividans
Authors: Seghezzi Nicolas , Virolle Marie-Joelle , Amar Patrick 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A library of synthetic promoters of various strengths, specifically constructed for Streptomyces species, was cloned in the promoter-probe plasmid pIJ487, upstream of the promoter-less aphII gene that confers resistance to neomycin. The survival rates conferred by promoters were assessed in the presence of 100 μg.ml−1 neomycin. The correlation between the transcriptional activity of the aphII gene (estimated by RT-PCR) and the resistance to neomycin (expressed as survival rate) indicated a sigmoid rather than a linear correlation. In this issue, we propose a tentative explanation for this sigmoidal pattern of resistance in relation with the level of aph II gene expression. Beyond this specific example, our model might constitute a sound explanation for the generally observed but never explained sigmoidal shape of classical inhibition curves obtained in the presence of linearly increasing antibiotic concentrations.
Metabolic syndrome and its correlated factors in an urban population in South West of Iran
Authors: Shahbazian Hajieh , Latifi Seyed Mahmoud , Jalali Mohammad Taha , Shahbazian Heshmatollah , Amani Reza , Nikhoo Abdolrasool , Aleali Armaghan Moravej 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Background
This study was designed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its correlated factors in an urban population in Ahvaz.

Methods
This descriptive analytical study performed with random cluster sampling method in 6 health centers in Ahvaz. In each selected center, 55 households were randomly selected. A questionnaire included: age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, education level, family history of diabetes (DM), Hypertension (HTN) and obesity, smoking and parity and previous history of gestational diabetes Mellitus in women were filled for each person.
Blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), abdominal and waist circumference were measured in each participant. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level were measured in fasting blood sample.

Results
The mean age of all participants was 42.27 ± 14 years (44.2 ± 14.26 years in men and 40.5 ± 13.5 in women). From total 912 participant, 434(47.2%) were men and 478(52.8%) women. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on ATPIII criteria (update2005) was 22.8% (15.9% in men and 29.1% in women) that showed significant difference (P = 0.0001). Prevalence of each component of MS in studied population was: 29.4% for abdominal obesity, 40.7% for high TG level, 40.2% for low HDL, 15.4% for hypertension and 37.8% for abnormal FBS. Among these factor, age of patients, BMI, sex had significant differences between persons with or without Ms (P = 0.0001). Ethnicity (Arab or Persian), cigarette smoking and family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, marital statues, education level, parity and previous history of GDM in women showed no significant differences between persons with MS and without MS.

Conclusion
Metabolic syndrome has high prevalence in our population and its prevalence increases with increasing age and BMI. Women are at higher risk for metabolic syndrome than men.
Behavioural activation v. antidepressant medication for treating depression in Iran: randomised trial
Authors: Moradveisi Latif , Huibers Marcus J. H. , Renner Fritz , Arasteh Modabber , Arntz Arnoud 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundBehavioural activation might be a viable alternative to antidepressant medication for major depressive disorder.AimsTo compare the effectiveness of behavioural activation and treatment as usual (TAU, antidepressant medication) for major depressive disorder in routine clinical practice in Iran.MethodPatients with major depressive disorder (n = 100) were randomised to 16 sessions of behavioural activation (n = 50) or antidepressant medication (n = 50) (IRCT138807192573N1). The main outcome was depression, measured with the Beck Depression inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), assessed at 0, 4, 13 and 49 weeks.ResultsSymptom reduction was greater in the behavioural activation group than in the TAU group on both the BDI and the HRSD at 13 and 49 weeks in multilevel analysis. Baseline depression severity was a moderator, with relatively better effects for behavioural activation in individuals who were more severely depressed. Also, there was better retention in the behavioural activation than in the TAU group.ConclusionsBehavioural activation is a viable and effective treatment for people with major depressive disorder, especially for those who are more severely depressed, and it can successfully be disseminated into routine practice settings in a non-Western country such as Iran.
Neither male gonadal androgens nor female reproductive costs drive development of sexual size dimorphism in lizards
Authors: Starostová Zuzana , Kubička Lukáš , Golinski Alison , Kratochvil Lukáš 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is an extensively studied phenomenon in animals, including reptiles, but the proximate mechanism of its development is poorly understood. The most pervasive candidates are (1) androgen-mediated control of growth, i.e. positive effect of gonadal androgens (testosterone) on male growth in male-larger species, while negative in female-larger species; and (2) sex-specific differences in energy allocation to growth, e.g. sex with larger reproductive costs should reach smaller body size. We tested these hypotheses in adults of the male-larger lizard Paroedura picta by conducting castrations with and without testosterone implants in males and manipulating reproductive status in females. Castration or testosterone replacement had no significant effect on final body length in males. High investment to reproduction had no significant effect on final body length in intact females. Interestingly, ovariectomized females and females with testosterone implants grew to larger body size than intact females. We found support for neither of the above hypotheses and suggest that previously reported effects of gonadal androgens on growth in male lizards could be a consequence of altered behaviour or social status in manipulated individuals. Exogenous testosterone in females led to decreased size of ovaries, its effect on body size may be caused by interference with normal ovarian function. We suggest that ovarian factors, perhaps estrogens, not reproductive costs, can modify growth in female lizards and may thus contribute to the development of SSD. This hypothesis is largely supported by published results on effect of testosterone treatment or ovariectomy on body size in female squamates.
High complexity of aquatic irradiance may have driven the evolution of four-dimensional colour vision in shallow-water fish
Authors: Sabbah Shai , Troje Nikolaus F. , Gray Suzanne M. , Hawryshyn Craig W. 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Humans use three cone photoreceptor classes for colour vision, yet many birds, reptiles and shallow-water fish are tetrachromatic and use four cone classes. Screening pigments, that narrow the spectrum of photoreceptors in birds and diurnal reptiles, render visual systems with four cone classes more efficient. To date, however, the question of tetrachromacy in shallow-water fish, that, like humans, lack screening pigments, is still unsolved. We raise the possibility that tetrachromacy in fish has evolved in response to higher spectral complexity of underwater light. We compared the dimensionality of colour vision in humans and fish by examining the spectral complexity of the colour-signal reflected from objects into their eyes. Here we show that fish require four to six cone classes to reconstruct the colour-signal of aquatic objects at the accuracy level achieved by humans viewing terrestrial objects. This is because environmental light, which alters the colour-signals, is more complex and contains more spectral fluctuations underwater than on land. We further show that fish cones are better suited than human cones to detect these spectral fluctuations, suggesting that the capability of fish cones to detect high-frequency fluctuations in the colour-signal confers an advantage. Taken together, we propose that tetrachromacy in fish has evolved to enhance the reconstruction of complex colour-signals in shallow aquatic environments. Of course, shallow-water fish might possess less than four cone classes; however, this would come with the inevitable loss in accuracy of signal reconstruction.
Control of motor activity, via motoneuron excitability and sensory-motor integration, by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone in crayfish
Authors: Bacqué-Cazenave Julien , Bouvet Flora , Fossat Pascal , Cattaert Daniel , Delbecque Jean-Paul 
Published: February 2013

SummaryWe studied the effects of molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), on leg sensory-motor networks of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The hormone was injected in isolated crayfishes and network activity was analyzed three days after 20E injection, using electrophysiology on an in vitro preparation of the leg locomotor network. We observed that this 20E treatment deeply reduced motor activity, by affecting both motoneuron (MN) intrinsic properties and sensory-motor integration. Indeed, we noticed a general decrease in motor nerve tonic activities, principally in depressor and promotor nerves. Moreover, intracellular recordings of depressor motoneurons confirmed a decrease of motoneuron excitability due to a drop in input resistance. In parallel, sensory inputs originating from a proprioceptor, which codes joint movements controlled by these motoneurons, were also reduced. The shape of excitatory post-synaptic potentials (PSPs) triggered in motoneurons by sensory activity of this proprioceptor showed a reduction of polysynaptic components, whereas inhibitory PSPs were suppressed, demonstrating that 20E acted also on interneurons relaying sensory to motor inputs. Consequently, 20E injection modified the whole sensory-motor loop, as demonstrated by the alteration of the resistance reflex amplitude. These locomotor network changes induced by 20E were consistent with the decrease of locomotion observed in a behavioral test. In summary, 20E controls locomotion during crayfish premolt by acting both on MN excitability and sensory-motor integration. Among these cooperative effects, the drop of input resistance of motoneurons seems to be mostly responsible for the reduction of motor activity.