bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programme de réhabilitation des oiseaux de proie au Québec : bilan 1986-2013
Authors: Fitzgerald Guy 
Published: December 2014

L’Union québécoise de réhabilitation des oiseaux de proie (UQROP) a implanté, en 1986, un programme provincial de réhabilitation d’oiseaux de proie sauvages en collaboration avec la Faculté de médecine vétérinaire (Université de Montréal), le Centre de recherches Macdonald sur les rapaces (Université McGill) et le ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche du Québec. Plus de 8 000 individus appartenant aux 27 espèces d’oiseaux de proie du Québec ont été admis dans ce programme. Près de 42 % de ces oiseaux ont été remis en liberté. Sur les 2 285 oiseaux relâchés munis d’une bague, 72 (3 %) ont été récupérés. Le programme de réhabilitation couvre l’ensemble du Québec. Près de 54 % des oiseaux reçus ont été acheminés par les agents de protection de la faune du gouvernement du Québec. Légalement, au Québec, les oiseaux de proie trouvés morts ou vivants doivent être déclarés et ils sont acheminés au réseau de l’UQROP par des bénévoles, par avion ou par messagerie. La formation offerte aux étudiants gradués en médecine vétérinaire a permis notamment la publication d’articles scientifiques basés sur les spécimens rapportés. Le programme éducatif de l’UQROP a permis de sensibiliser des millions de personnes depuis 1990. Globalement, les réalisations de l’UQROP ont contribué à la conservation des oiseaux de proie.
Open Data and the Future of Science
Authors: Boulton Geoffrey 
Published: December 2014

>> See video of presentation (54 min.) Open Science is not new, it was the bedrock on which the scientific revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries were built. Its open publication of scientific concepts and the evidence (the data) on which they were based allowed scrutiny of the logic of an argument and replication of observations or experiments or their refutation. It has been the basis of so-called “scientific self-correction”. But the technological revolution of recent decades has produced an unprecedented explosion in the human capacity to acquire, store and manipulate data and information and to instantaneously communicate them globally, irrespective of location. It has produced fundamental changes in human, social and economic behaviour and has implications for research and learning that are far more profound and pervasive than those that followed Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press, including the way that science engages with the wider community. But the explosion of data is also undermining self-correction through the difficulty of making large volumes of supporting data concurrently available in a scrutinisable form, risking both the method of science and its credibility. This poses a major challenge for modern science to stimulate open release and sharing of data in ways that also facilitate new modes of collaboration and that increase creativity through interaction of many brains and many communities unbounded by institutional walls. We need to challenge and re-define many of the habits and norms of researchers and their institutions if the research community if it is to exploit technological opportunities, maintain self-correction and maximize the contribution of research to human understanding and welfare. Fortunately the response to these imperatives is growing, through the enunciation of principles for open science, the development of procedures and tools and the engagement of researchers, universities, funders, publishers, learned societies and governments.
IRUS-UK: Improving understanding of the value and impact of institutional repositories
Authors: MacIntyre Ross 
Published: December 2014

>> See video of presentation (21 min.) Many educational institutions have repositories for research outputs. The number of items available through institutional repositories is growing, and is expected to continue to do so due to requirements for outputs from public-funded research to be open access. But how much usage are institutional repositories and their individual items getting?Jisc-funded service IRUS-UK is designed to help institutions understand more about the usage of their institutional repositories. It follows on from the successful PIRUS2 project, which demonstrated how COUNTER-compliant article-level usage statistics could be collected and consolidated from publishers and institutional repositories. IRUS-UK collects raw usage data from participating repositories and processes these into COUNTER-compliant statistics. This provides repositories with comparable, authoritative, standards-based data and opportunities for profiling and benchmarking. It enables institutions to run reports at both repository level (e.g. total download figures) and at item level. IRUS-UK has developed a taxonomy of 25 item types which all items are mapped to so that usage across specific item types (e.g. Article, Book Section) can be consistently compared. IRUS-UK currently has data from 63 UK institutional repositories, and has recorded over 17 million downloads since July 2012. The data from IRUS-UK can be used to provide information for management reporting, for usage monitoring, and for external reporting (such as annual SCONUL statistics for UK academic libraries). Data can be viewed within the online portal, or downloaded for further analysis. IRUS-UK recognises that institutional repository usage statistics may not represent total usage, and is investigating ways to combine usage to support institutions in their overall usage statistics. One development is usage figures for electronic theses and dissertations; IRUS-UK has demonstrated the possibility of consolidating usage statistics from institutional repositories and from the British Library’s Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS) to show total usage.IRUS-UK is a community-driven development, responding to user needs. User feedback has always been core to the service, and continues to develop with the establishment of a Community Advisory Group. Excellent feedback has been received from users on the ease and speed of set-up, and the value of having consistent, standards-based usage statistics and benchmarking opportunities.IRUS-UK: http://irus.mimas.ac.uk/PIRUS2: http://www.cranfieldlibrary.cranfield.ac.uk/pirus2/tiki-index.php
Altmetrics in Practice
Authors: Buettgen Stephan 
Published: December 2014

>> See video of presentation (26 min.) Citation counts have long been the standard measure of academic research usage and impact. Specifically, published articles in prominent journals citing other published articles in other prominent journals equate to prestige and tenure. Metrics can now be harvested and applied to research around usage, captures, mentions, and social media, in addition to citations, giving a much more comprehensive and holistic view of impact. These new metrics are also much more timely than citation metrics and can keep pace with new formats much faster than the entrenched, legacy practices. In this session, we will highlight some practical ways institutions are using these new metrics today and what the future holds.
Using the MEROPS Database for Proteolytic Enzymes and Their Inhibitors and Substrates
Authors: Rawlings Neil D. , Barrett Alan J. , Bateman Alex 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMEROPS is a database of proteolytic enzymes as well as their inhibitors and substrates. Proteolytic enzymes and protein inhibitors are organized into protein domain families. In turn, families are organized into clans. Each peptidase, inhibitor, family, and clan has associated annotation, a multiple sequence alignment, a phylogenetic tree, literature references, and links to other databases. Interactions between proteolytic enzymes and inhibitors and between proteolytic enzymes and substrates are also presented. The entries in MEROPS are available via the World Wide Web. This unit contains detailed information on how to access and utilize the information present in the MEROPS database. Details on running MEROPS both remotely and locally are presented. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genome Annotation and Curation Using MAKER and MAKER‐P
Authors: Campbell Michael S. , Holt Carson , Moore Barry , Yandell Mark 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis unit describes how to use the genome annotation and curation tools MAKER and MAKER‐P to annotate protein‐coding and noncoding RNA genes in newly assembled genomes, update/combine legacy annotations in light of new evidence, add quality metrics to annotations from other pipelines, and map existing annotations to a new assembly. MAKER and MAKER‐P can rapidly annotate genomes of any size, and scale to match available computational resources. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three‐dimensional simulations of the southern polar giant impact hypothesis for the origin of the Martian dichotomy
Authors: Leone Giovanni , Tackley Paul J. , Gerya Taras V. , May Dave A. , Zhu Guizhi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate via numerical simulations that the impact of a ~lunar‐sized body with Mars is capable of creating a hemispherical magma ocean that upon cooling and solidification resulted in the formation of the southern highlands and thus the Martian dichotomy. The giant impact may have contributed a significant amount of iron to the Martian core and generated a deep thermal anomaly that led to the onset and development of the volcanism in the southern highlands. Our model predicts several mantle plumes converging to the South Pole from the equatorial regions as well as new plumes forming in the equatorial region and also an absence of significant large‐scale volcanism in the northern lowlands. The core heat flux evolution obtained from our numerical models is consistent with the decline of the magnetic field. We argue that such a scenario is more consistent with a range of observations than a northern giant impact (excavating the Borealis basin) for the formation of the Martian dichotomy.
Fire Investigation and Cognitive Bias
Authors: Bieber Paul 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Attorneys, judges, and juries often rely on the conclusions of forensic scientists from a variety of fields to understand how an incident occurred and who was involved. The distorted conceptual framework created by cognitive bias can influence those conclusions in subtle but powerful ways. Some common factors tending to implicate bias in any forensic examination are particularly prominent in many aspects of fire investigation. These factors include an imprecise method heavily reliant on human interpretation, an examination conducted in the field rather than a laboratory, and a lack of genuine independence from law enforcement.
This article explores the most common forms of cognitive bias found in the field of fire investigation, provides case‐study examples, and gives recommendations on how these biases might be minimized.
Handwriting: Cognitive Bias
Authors: Sulner Andrew 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough the forensic science community has long been cognizant of the need to avoid physical contamination of evidence, it has been reluctant to acknowledge the possibility of mental contamination of evidence in the form of cognitively biased forensic evaluations. As highlighted in the 2009 National Academies of Science report,Strengthening Forensic Science in the U.S: a Path Forward, empirical research in the fields of behavioral science and information obtained from reviews of forensic practitioner errors in several high‐profile cases have clearly established the adverse impact that contextual and motivational biases can have on human judgment and the accuracy of forensic evaluations of evidence. Nevertheless, far too many forensic handwriting experts still steadfastly believe that proper training and experience somehow shield them from the biasing influences that have been proven to impact the accuracy of visual observations and decision making on the part of human beings in all other walks of life. Understanding the various sources of bias and learning how to limit or minimize their influence is essential for improving the accuracy of decisions made by forensic handwriting experts and the reliability of their expert testimony.In this article, Andrew Sulner, a third‐generation board certified forensic document examiner and former state prosecutor, explains and illustrates how the opinions and expert testimony of individuals performing comparative analyses of signatures and handwriting are susceptible to biasing influences that can improperly taint and sway their decision‐making process and the manner in which they testify as experts. Actual case histories are used to demonstrate how cognitive or motivational bias can contribute to erroneous findings and/or disingenuous testimony on the part of experienced and presumptively well‐trained forensic document examiners. Individual debiasing techniques and institutional context management and evidence testing protocols for minimizing examiner bias in forensic handwriting investigations are also discussed.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Polyrotaxane Frameworks
Authors: Loeb Stephen J. , Vukotic V. Nicholas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This chapter describes recent progress in the design, preparation, and solid‐state structures of a sub‐class of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in which the linking ligands are a type of mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM); a rotaxane. Incorporating rotaxane ligands into MOFs is of interest because of the possibility of demonstrating the dynamics of MIM systems in the solid‐state. The large amplitude molecular motions of MIMs are only just starting to be realized in the solid‐state. This chapter looks at the detailed development of these unique materials while offering some insight into the design process and future potential of these materials.
Metal–Organic Frameworks: Porphyrinic Frameworks
Authors: Zou Chao , Zhao Min , Wu Chuan‐De 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
There has been growing interest in coordination chemistry, particularly in the field of porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Since the functionalities of MOFs can be systematically tuned by integrating functional groups in their frameworks, MOF materials have been realized applications in a number of fields, including luminescence, gas storage, sensing, magnetics, and catalysis. Because porphyrins and metalloporphyrins have rigid structures and remarkable functionalities of catalysis, charge, and energy transformations, they have been used as functional building blocks to fabricate porphyrinic MOFs for applications in various fields. This chapter is focused on recent progress on the emerging functional materials, including synthetic strategies and applications of porphyrinic MOFs.
Metal–Organic Frameworks: Postsynthetic Modification
Authors: Burrows Andrew D. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Over the past 5 years or so, postsynthetic modification (PSM) has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool for preparing functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). In the simplest PSM protocols, a MOF is first prepared and then made to undergo a reaction to generate a new MOF. At its most useful, the new MOF is one that cannot be prepared by direct combination of metal and linker. In this review, three types of PSM reaction are considered. Covalent PSM is the most well‐established of these and involves a covalent modification of linker ligands. This can occur on addition of a reagent, or alternatively through thermal, photochemical, or electrochemical treatment. Dative PSM involves addition of a metal center to a vacant coordination site on a MOF, which is of interest for both catalysis and metal sequestration. Finally, inorganic PSM involves modification of the secondary building units (SBUs) in the MOF, or the coordination of these to the linkers. Inorganic PSM can involve substitution of labile terminal ligands, reaction at the anionic part of the SBU, a redox reaction or substitution of the framework metal centers, or substitution of the linker ligands.
Metal–Organic Frameworks: Gas Storage
Authors: Zhang Muwei , Li Hao , Perry Zachary , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a significant class of porous materials renowned for their well‐defined structures and various applications in the last few decades. As a novel category of solid adsorbents, MOFs have overshadowed many traditional porous materials owing to their chemically tunable structures, extraordinarily large porosity, and convenient functionalization procedures. Focused on the gas storage aspect of MOFs, this chapter elaborates the storage of some important gases (hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, and others) and features their applications in the areas of renewable energy conservation, environmental protection, and prospective biomedicines.
Metal–Organic Frameworks: Frameworks Containing Open Sites
Authors: He Yabing , Chen Banglin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Open metal site (OMS)s, also referred to as
coordinatively unsaturated metals
, play very important roles in their specific recognition of small molecules. In this chapter, we have outlined different strategies to create OMSs on the pore surfaces of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and the potential applications of porous MOFs with OMSs in the storage of energy carrier gases (e.g., hydrogen, methane, and acetylene), gas separation (postcombustion CO
2
capture, light hydrocarbon separation, and separation and purification of acetylene), chemical sensing, and heterogeneous catalysis.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Frameworks in Mixed‐Matrix Membranes
Authors: Tanh Jeazet Harold B. , Janiak Christoph 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Gas separation performances of polymer membranes can be improved by addition of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) with MOFs as additives (fillers) have increased permeabilities and often also selectivities compared to the pure polymer. Incorporation of MOFs into polysulfone and Matrimid
®
polymers for MMMs gives defect‐free membranes with performances similar to the best polymer membranes for gas mixtures, such as O
2
/N
2
, H
2
/CH
4
, CO
2
/CH
4
, H
2
/CO
2
, CH
4
/N
2
, and CO
2
/N
2
(preferentially permeating gas is named first). The MOF porosity, its particle size, and content in the MMM are factors to influence the permeability and the separation performance of the membranes.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Materials Patterning
Authors: Falcaro Paolo , Styles Mark J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Tunable pore architecture, size and distribution, chemical properties, and adaptable postfunctionalization procedures make metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) interesting and versatile functional materials. MOFs hold much promise for industrial applications and increasing efforts are being devoted to device fabrication using these ultraporous materials prepared via self‐assembly techniques. Although the main research stream is focused on using MOFs for gas storage and separation, an increasing number of studies are proposing MOFs as materials for sensing, optics, bioprocessing, and catalysts. Although the material properties have a central role, the ability to precisely locate the material is fundamental to fully exploiting its functional properties. In this chapter, we present the progress on the spatial control of MOFs. We critically discuss each technique and highlight the most promising progress for MOF‐based device fabrication.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Application to Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Chang Na , Yang Cheng‐Xiong , Yan Xiu‐Ping 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of porous materials. Owing to a number of remarkable properties, MOFs are now widely explored as advanced materials for diverse applications. Recently, great progress has been made for the applications of MOFs in analytical chemistry. This chapter focuses on the research of the analytical applications of MOFs and highlights the ability of MOFs in all the important aspects of modern analytical chemistry including sampling, solid‐phase extraction, solid‐phase microextraction, gas chromatographic separation, and liquid chromatographic separation.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Interpenetration and Entanglement
Authors: Batten Stuart R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The different forms of interpenetration and entanglement in coordination polymers are discussed. 1D and 2D polymers can interpenetrate in either parallel or inclined manners, giving overall entanglements that are either of the same dimension or higher. 3D polymers can also show different topologies of interpenetration. In unusual cases, the interpenetrating nets can be chemically different and even have different topologies or dimensions. Self‐penetration occurs when shortest topological circuits in a single net are catenated. Polyrotaxanes can be classified according to whether or not they contain discrete (0D) components entangled with the polymeric nets, and whether the entanglement is trivial or nontrivial. Other interesting forms of entanglement include braids, weaves, and polymeric catenations of discrete components.
Determinants of Agri‐food Firms’ Participation in Public Funded Research and Development
Authors: Garcia‐Alvarez‐Coque Jose‐Maria , Mas‐Verdu Francisco , Sanchez García Mercedes 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA database of over 2,700 agri‐food businesses in the region of Valencia, Spain was used to test the influence of internal characteristics of the firm and of external characteristics linked to local systems on the willingness to participate in R&D activities promoted by knowledge supporting institutions. A Probit model was estimated, correcting possible intragroup correlations when group variables are combined with individual data. Results show that R&D activities are enhanced in medium and large firms, co‐ops, experienced firms and better physical access to technological centers.
Specific Light‐Up Bioprobe with Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Activatable Photoactivity for the Targeted and Image‐Guided Photodynamic Ablation of Cancer Cells
Authors: Yuan Youyong , Zhang Chong‐Jing , Gao Meng , Zhang Ruoyu , Tang Ben Zhong , Liu Bin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractActivatable photosensitizers (PSs) have been widely used for the simultaneous fluorescence imaging and photodynamic ablation of cancer cells. However, the ready aggregation of traditional PSs in aqueous media can lead to fluorescence quenching as well as reduced phototoxicity even in the activated form. We have developed a series of PSs that show aggregation‐enhanced emission and phototoxicity and thus the exact opposite behavior to that of previously reported PSs. We further developed a dual‐targeted enzyme‐activatable bioprobe based on the optimized photosensitizer and describe simultaneous light‐up fluorescence imaging and activated photodynamic therapy for specific cancer cells. The design of smart probes should thus open new opportunities for targeted and image‐guided photodynamic therapy.
Nitrogen Analogues of Thiele’s Hydrocarbon
Authors: Su Yuanting , Wang Xingyong , Li Yuantao , Song You , Sui Yunxia , Wang Xinping 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of bis[N,N‐di‐(4‐methoxylphenyl)amino]arene dications 12+–32+ have been synthesized and characterized. Their electronic structures were investigated by various experiments assisted by theoretical calculations. It was found that they are singlets in the ground state and that their diradical character is dependent on the bridging moiety. 32+ has a smaller singlet–triplet energy gap and its excited triplet state is thermally readily accessible. The work provides a nitrogen analogue of Thiele’s hydrocarbon with considerable diradical character.