bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new surgical technique of hymenoplasty
Authors: Wei Shu‐Yi , Li Qiang , Li Sen‐Kai , Zhou Chuan‐De , Li Feng‐Yong , Zhou Yu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo review data from patients who have undergone hymenoplasty with a novel surgical technique, termed the STSI (suture three stratums around the introitus) method.MethodsIn a retrospective study, data were reviewed from patients who underwent hymenoplasty by STSI at a center in Beijing, China, between January 2010 and January 2014. Patients were scheduled to attend a follow‐up appointment 1 month after surgery. Long‐term follow‐up was conducted by telephone. Follow‐up data and preoperative and postoperative photos were assessed.ResultsOverall, 125 patients had undergone hymenoplasty using the STSI method. Only 1 (0.8%) patient had an early postoperative complication (uncontrolled bleeding). Among the 99 patients who returned for follow‐up at 1 month, healing was recorded for 91 (91.9%). Long‐term follow‐up suggested that no patient had persistent dyspareunia, menstruation changes, or other health problems after the surgery. Among 51 patients who reported sexual intercourse since the surgery, 47 (92.2%) were satisfied with the outcome and 28 (54.9%) reported blood loss during the first intercourse.ConclusionThe STSI method seems to be an effective, enduring, and safe technique of hymenoplasty.
Peri‐Incisional Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Postcraniotomy Headache After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series
Authors: MacKenzie Heather M. , Teasell Robert , Miller Thomas A. , Sequeira Keith 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used successfully to treat primary headache syndromes, but there are no published data on its use for chronic postcraniotomy headache. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT‐A) (4:1 dilution) was injected at a dose of 15‐50 units into peri‐incisional sites of the scalp in 3 patients who had undergone craniotomy remotely for traumatic epidural hematoma. All patients reported reductions in headache lasting at least 2.5 months. Repeat injections were performed in all cases with favorable outcomes. There were no complications. Peri‐incisional BoNT‐A appears to be a potentially valuable tool in the chronic management of post craniotomy headache after traumatic brain injury.
Slaughterhouse survey of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep from the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Chihai O. , Umhang G. , Erhan D. , Boué F. , Tălămbuţă N. , Rusu Ş. , Zamornea M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm is responsible for cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. The life cycle of the parasite is mainly domestic and takes place between dogs and livestock species. A slaughterhouse survey was conducted in 2012 in the Republic of Moldova in order to estimate the prevalence of CE. A total of 1525 cattle, 5580 sheep and 12,700 pigs were surveyed. No CE infection was observed in pigs, while prevalence was estimated at 59.3% in cattle and 61.9% in sheep. Infection was significantly higher in animals raised in private households than in those from collective farms. The frequency of infection increased with age in both species. In cattle and in sheep, infection of both the liver and lungs was the most common, while infection in the lungs only was much less frequent. Farm type appears to be an important factor in CE infection in Moldova, due to the extensive farming and the home-slaughtering undertaken in the majority private sector, despite a high prevalence of CE also recorded in the public sector. The low fertility of cysts in cattle (1.1%) compared to sheep (47.6%) confirmed the maintenance of E. granulosussensu stricto in a dog–sheep life cycle which excludes cattle. Further studies are needed to obtain a complete overview of the parasite's epidemiology in its intermediate and definitive hosts, in order to implement control and preventive measures, with specific attention given to farms in the private sector.
Impact of a short-term exposure to spaceflight on the phenotype, genome, transcriptome and proteome ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Li Tianzhi , Chang De , Xu Huiwen , Chen Jiapeng , Su Longxiang , Guo Yinghua , Chen Zhenhong , Wang Yajuan , Wang Li , Wang Junfeng , Fang Xiangqun , Liu Changting 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEscherichia coli(E. coli) is the most widely applied model organism in current biological science. As a widespread opportunistic pathogen,E. colican survive not only by symbiosis with human, but also outside the host as well, which necessitates the evaluation of its response to the space environment. Therefore, to keep humans safe in space, it is necessary to understand how the bacteria respond to this environment. Despite extensive investigations for a few decades, the response ofE. colito the real space environment is still controversial. To better understand the mechanisms howE. coliovercomes harsh environments such as microgravity in space and to investigate whether these factors may induce pathogenic changes inE. colithat are potentially detrimental to astronauts, we conducted detailed genomics, transcriptomic and proteomic studies onE. colithat experienced 17 days of spaceflight. By comparing two flight strains LCT-EC52 and LCT-EC59 to a control strain LCT-EC106 that was cultured under the same temperature conditions on the ground, we identified metabolism changes, polymorphism changes, differentially expressed genes and proteins in the two flight strains. The flight strains differed from the control in the utilization of more than 30 carbon sources. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion were identified in the flight strains. The expression level of more than 1000 genes altered in flight strains. Genes involved in chemotaxis, lipid metabolism and cell motility express differently. Moreover, the two flight strains also differed extensively from each other in terms of metabolism, transcriptome and proteome, indicating the impact of space environment on individual cells is heterogeneous and probably genotype-dependent. This study presents the first systematic profile ofE. coligenome, transcriptome and proteome after spaceflight, which helps to elucidate the mechanism that controls the adaptation of microbes to the space environment.
Incentivising improvements in health care delivery
Authors: Oliver Adam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis Special Section of Health Economics, Policy and Law begins with an article on the different ways in which one might incentivise improved performance among health care providers. I asked five experts on performance management, Gwyn Bevan, Tim Doran, Peter Smith, Sandra Tanenbaum and Karsten Vrangbaek, to write brief reactions to the article and to the notion of performance management in health care in general. The commentators were given an open remit to be as critical as they wished to be, and their reactions can be found in the pages that follow. I would like to thank Albert Weale for reviewing all of the articles, and Katie Brennan for serving as the catalyst for this collection.
The rights of the dead through the prism of Israeli succession disputes
Authors: Hacker Daphna 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper aims at contributing to the evolving debate over the rights of the dead by providing it with concrete empirical socio-legal context. A pioneering study of succession disputes, conducted in Israel, exposes a gap between a prominent judicial promise to respect the wishes and guard the dignity of the deceased testator, and the actual action taking place behind this rhetoric. The findings reveal that the testator's dignity and wishes are trampled during testamentary procedures, when demeaning allegations about his or her mental and physical competence are allowed, and personal and medical information is exposed, and when the judge approves settlements that diverge from the testator's last will in the name of familial reconciliation, even though in most cases there are no nuclear family ties between the rival parties. These findings are discussed in the light of an original typology mapping the theoretical controversies over posthumous rights, to highlight some of the possible normative implications of the project for the law on the books and law in action related to property division after death.
Contribution of substantia nigra glutamate to prediction error signals in schizophrenia: a combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy/functional imaging study
Authors: White David M , Kraguljac Nina V , Reid Meredith A , Lahti Adrienne C 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background:
Because dopamine neurons signal a mismatch between expected and actual reward called prediction error (PE), aberrant PE signals in schizophrenia have been attributed to known dopaminergic abnormalities. However, dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on cortical γ-aminobutyric acid neurons, as hypothesized in schizophrenia, could lead to excess glutamate release in the substantia nigra (SN) and affect reward processing.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of SN glutamate to PE signals in healthy controls (HC) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ).

Methods:
We recruited 22 medicated SZ and 19 HC. We obtained (1) functional magnetic resonance imaging during a probabilistic monetary reward task to assess PE-related blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal and (2) magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure Glx (glutamate+glutamine) in the SN. To identify group differences in regions where the BOLD signal varies as a function of PE, we analyzed PEs generated during the task as parametric modulators of reward delivery. Finally, we examined the correlation of PE-related BOLD signal and SN Glx in each group.

Results:
Relative to HC, PE-related BOLD signals in SZ were significantly different in the midbrain/SN and ventral striatum. In SZ, SN Glx was significantly elevated. In HC, but not in SZ, PE-related BOLD signal in SN was positively correlated with SN Glx.

Conclusions:
These results suggest a role of glutamate in the neural coding of PE in controls. They indicate that glutamatergic dysfunction might contribute to abnormal PE coding in schizophrenia, suggesting the use of glutamate-targeted approaches to improve these deficits.
Homogeneous self-aligned liquid crystals on wrinkled-wall poly(dimethylsiloxane) via localised ion-beam irradiation
Authors: Jeong Hae-Chang , Park Hong-Gyu , Lee Ju Hwan , Jung Yoon Ho , Jang Sang Bok , Seo Dae-Shik 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate self-aligned liquid crystals (LCs) using a wrinkled-wall polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) wrinkle structure, which is a key factor to obtain a stable homogeneous alignment state with positive LCs. We constructed the wrinkled walls via localised surface exposure to IB radiation, which passed through a long length localised pattern mask. The creation of the wrinkled wall helped to align the LC molecules homogeneously because the wrinkled wall acted as a guide for the arrangement of positive LC molecules. In addition, we confirmed the stability of the alignment state as the width of the wrinkled wall was changed. Although this wrinkled-wall method is a non-contact method, LC alignment is achieved via an anisotropic topographical guide, which provides the LC molecules with stable homogeneous alignment.
Characterization of LGR5 stem cells in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas
Authors: Baker Ann-Marie , Graham Trevor A. , Elia George , Wright Nicholas A. , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLGR5 is known to be a stem cell marker in the murine small intestine and colon, however the localization of LGR5 in human adenoma samples has not been examined in detail and previous studies have been limited by the lack of specific antibodies. Here we used in situ hybridization to specifically examine LGR5 mRNA expression in a panel of human adenoma and carcinoma samples (n = 66). We found that a small number of cells express LGR5 at the base of normal colonic crypts. We then showed that conventional adenomas widely express high levels of LGR5 and there is no evidence of stereotypic cellular hierarchy. In contrast, serrated lesions display basal localization of LGR5 and the cellular hierarchy resembles that of a normal crypt. Moreover, ectopic crypts found in traditional serrated adenomas show basal LGR5 mRNA, indicating that they replicate the stem cell organization of normal crypts with the development of a cellular hierarchy. These data imply differences in the stem cell dynamics between the serrated and conventional pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore we noted high LGR5 expression in invading cells, with later development of a stem cell niche in adenocarcinomas of all stages.
Cocaine exposure impairs multilineage hematopoiesis of human hematopoietic progenitor cells mediated by the sigma-1 receptor
Authors: Nixon Christopher C. , Schwartz Brandon H. , Dixit Dhaval , Zack Jerome A. , Vatakis Dimitrios N. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPrenatal exposure to cocaine is a significant source of fetal and neonatal developmental defects. While cocaine associated neurological and cardiac pathologies are well-documented, it is apparent that cocaine use has far more diverse physiological effects. It is known that in some cell types, the sigma-1 receptor mediates many of cocaine's cellular effects. Here we present a novel and concise investigation into the mechanism that underlies cocaine associated hematopoietic pathology. Indeed, this is the first examination of the effects of cocaine on hematopoiesis. We show that cocaine impairs multilineage hematopoiesis from human progenitors from multiple donors and tissue types. We go on to present the first demonstration of the expression of the sigma-1 receptor in human CD34 + human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these cocaine-induced hematopoietic defects can be reversed through sigma-1 receptor blockade.
A cell-based screening system for anti-influenza A virus agents
Authors: Wong Wan Ying , Loh Sheng Wei , Ng Wei Lun , Tan Ming Cheang , Yeo Kok Siong , Looi Chung Yeng , Maah Mohd Jamil , Ea Chee-Kwee 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEmerging of drug resistant influenza A virus (IAV) has been a big challenge for anti-IAV therapy. In this study, we describe a relatively easy and safe cell-based screening system for anti-IAV replication inhibitors using a non-replicative strain of IAV. A nickel (II) complex of polyhydroxybenzaldehyde N4-thiosemicarbazone (NiPT5) was recently found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro. NiPT5 impedes the signaling cascades that lead to the activation of NF-κB in response to different stimuli, such as LPS and TNFα. Using our cell-based screening system, we report that pretreating cells with NiPT5 protects cells from influenza A virus (IAV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Furthermore, NiPT5 inhibits replication of IAV by inhibiting transcription and translation of vRNAs of IAV. Additionally, NiPT5 reduces IAV-induced type I interferon response and cytokines production. Moreover, NiPT5 prevents activation of NF-κB and IRF3 in response to IAV infection. These results demonstrate that NiPT5 is a potent antiviral agent that inhibits the early phase of IAV replication.
Structural Basis for Substrate-specific Acetylation of Nα-acetyltransferase Ard1 from Sulfolobus solfataricus
Authors: Chang Yu-Yung , Hsu Chun-Hua 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNα-acetyltransferases (Nats) possess a wide range of important biological functions. Their structures can vary according to the first two residues of their substrate. However, the mechanisms of substrate recognition and catalysis of Nats are elusive. Here, we present two structure of Sulfolobus solfataricus Ard1 (SsArd1), a member of the NatA family, at 2.13 and 1.84 Å. Both structures contain coenzyme A, while the latter also contains a substrate-derived peptide. Sequential structure-based mutagenesis revealed that mutations of critical residues for CoA binding decreased the binding affinity of SsArd1 by 3 ~ 7-fold. Superimposition of SsArd1 (NatA) with human Naa50p (NatE) showed significant differences in key residues of enzymes near the first amino-acid position of the substrate peptide (Glu35 for SsArd1 and Val29 for Naa50p). Further enzyme activity assays revealed that the substrate specificity of SsArd1 could be altered from SSGTPT to MEEKVG by a range of Glu35 mutants. These studies provide not only a molecular elucidation of substrate recognition and specificity for the NatA family, but also insight into how members of the NAT family distinguish between amino acids at the substrate N-terminus from the ancient monomeric archaeal Ard1.
MinD-like ATPase FlhG effects location and number of bacterial flagella during C-ring assembly
Authors: Schuhmacher Jan S. , Rossmann Florian , Dempwolff Felix , Knauer Carina , Altegoer Florian , Steinchen Wieland , Dörrich Anja K. , Klingl Andreas , Stephan Milena , Linne Uwe , Thormann Kai M. , Bange Gert 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Flagella are bacterial organelles of locomotion. The number and location of flagella (flagellation pattern) are species specific and represent one of the earliest taxonomic criteria in microbiology. During each round of cell division, bacteria reproduce their flagellation pattern. FlhG is essential to a variety of flagellation patterns (e.g., polar, lateral) by yet-unknown mechanisms. We show that FlhG is an MinD-like ATPase that interacts with the flagellar C-ring proteins FliM/FliY in a nucleotide-independent manner. FlhG activates FliM/FliY to assemble with the C-ring protein FliG. FlhG-driven assembly of the FliM/FliY/FliG complex is strongly enhanced by ATP and lipids. We identify an underappreciated structural diversity of flagellar building blocks that contribute to formation of different flagellation patterns.
Relative and absolute structure of phomolide C
Authors: Ito Atsushi , Maeda Hyato , Tonouchi Akio , Hashimoto Masaru 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Phomolide C (1) was isolated from a fungus Diaporthe sp. being found at Shirakami mountainous area. Although only the planar structure of 1 has been known, our detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis and ECD studies revealed its both relative and absolute configuration.
SimSeq: a nonparametric approach to simulation of RNA-sequence datasets
Authors: Benidt Sam , Nettleton Dan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMotivation: RNA sequencing analysis methods are often derived by relying on hypothetical parametric models for read counts that are not likely to be precisely satisfied in practice. Methods are often tested by analyzing data that have been simulated according to the assumed model. This testing strategy can result in an overly optimistic view of the performance of an RNA-seq analysis method.Results: We develop a data-based simulation algorithm for RNA-seq data. The vector of read counts simulated for a given experimental unit has a joint distribution that closely matches the distribution of a source RNA-seq dataset provided by the user. We conduct simulation experiments based on the negative binomial distribution and our proposed nonparametric simulation algorithm. We compare performance between the two simulation experiments over a small subset of statistical methods for RNA-seq analysis available in the literature. We use as a benchmark the ability of a method to control the false discovery rate. Not surprisingly, methods based on parametric modeling assumptions seem to perform better with respect to false discovery rate control when data are simulated from parametric models rather than using our more realistic nonparametric simulation strategy.Availability and implementation: The nonparametric simulation algorithm developed in this article is implemented in the R package SimSeq, which is freely available under the GNU General Public License (version 2 or later) from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (http://cran.rproject.org/).Contact: sgbenidt@gmail.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An exploration of the properties of the CORE problem list subset and how it facilitates the implementation of SNOMED CT
Authors: Fung Kin Wah , Xu Julia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjective Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) is the emergent international health terminology standard for encoding clinical information in electronic health records. The CORE Problem List Subset was created to facilitate the terminology’s implementation. This study evaluates the CORE Subset’s coverage and examines its growth pattern as source datasets are being incorporated.Methods Coverage of frequently used terms and the corresponding usage of the covered terms were assessed by “leave-one-out” analysis of the eight datasets constituting the current CORE Subset. The growth pattern was studied using a retrospective experiment, growing the Subset one dataset at a time and examining the relationship between the size of the starting subset and the coverage of frequently used terms in the incoming dataset. Linear regression was used to model that relationship.Results On average, the CORE Subset covered 80.3% of the frequently used terms of the left-out dataset, and the covered terms accounted for 83.7% of term usage. There was a significant positive correlation between the CORE Subset’s size and the coverage of the frequently used terms in an incoming dataset. This implies that the CORE Subset will grow at a progressively slower pace as it gets bigger.Conclusion The CORE Problem List Subset is a useful resource for the implementation of Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms in electronic health records. It offers good coverage of frequently used terms, which account for a high proportion of term usage. If future datasets are incorporated into the CORE Subset, it is likely that its size will remain small and manageable.
Monitoring Obstetric Anesthesia Safety across Hospitals through Multilevel Modeling
Authors: Guglielminotti Jean , Li Guohua 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAbstract
In an analysis of nearly 500,000 labor and delivery records from 144 hospitals in New York, multilevel modeling substantially improved the reliability in the estimated rates of obstetric anesthesia-related adverse events across hospitals compared with the traditional risk-adjustment method.

Background:
The rate of anesthesia-related adverse events (ARAEs) is recommended for monitoring patient safety across hospitals. To ensure comparability, it is adjusted for patients’ characteristics with logistic models (i.e., risk adjustment). The rate adjusted for patient-level characteristics and hospital affiliation through multilevel modeling is suggested as a better metric. This study aims to assess a multilevel model-based rate of ARAEs.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the State Inpatient Database for New York 2008–2011. Discharge records for labor and delivery and ARAEs were identified with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The rate of ARAEs for each hospital during 2008–2009 was calculated using both the multilevel and the logistic modeling approaches. Performance of the two methods was assessed with (1) interhospital variability measured by the SD of the rates; (2) reclassification of hospitals; and (3) prediction of hospital performance in 2010–2011. Rankability of each hospital was assessed with the multilevel model.

Results:
The study involved 466,442 discharge records in 2008–2009 from 144 hospitals. The overall observed rate of ARAEs in 2008–2009 was 4.62 per 1,000 discharges [95% CI, 4.43 to 4.82]. Compared with risk adjustment, multilevel modeling decreased SD of ARAE rates from 4.7 to 1.3 across hospitals, reduced the proportion of hospitals classified as good performers from 18% to 10%, and performed similarly well in predicting future ARAE rates. Twenty-six hospitals (18%) were nonrankable due to inadequate reliability.

Conclusion:
The multilevel modeling approach could be used as an alternative to risk adjustment in monitoring obstetric anesthesia safety across hospitals.