bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fascicular injury is rare following needle transfixion: a study on median and ulnar isolated human nerves
Authors: Varela Victor , Mejia Jorge , Ruíz Carlos , Reina Miguel A , Sala-Blanch Xavier 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundNeedle trauma has been associated with peripheral nerve injury and neurological dysfunction. However, inadvertent needle puncture is frequent while postblock dysfunction is rare. We conducted a cadaveric study to evaluate the association between needle puncture and fascicular injury.MethodsFive median and five ulnar (isolated) nerves were obtained from fresh human cadavers. Four different needles were used for the transfixing punctures: A 30° beveled (22G) nerve block needle, and 15° beveled (22G, 25G and 27G) Quincke spinal block needles. 10 transfixing punctures were made with each needle type on each nerve (40 punctures per nerve). Samples were then immersed in 5% formaldehyde solution for 30 days. Perpendicular cross-sections of the punctured segments were obtained. Samples were embedded in paraffin and analyzed under light microscopy with H&E staining. On each slice, the following variables were obtained: ratio of fascicular/epineurial tissue, the number of fascicles per nerve and the number of injured fascicles.ResultsA total of 400 punctures were made (200 median and 200 ulnar) and 144 histological nerve sections analyzed (74 median and 70 ulnar). The median number of fascicles per section was 16 (range 7–23) and 17 (range 8–27) with a fascicular/epineural tissue ratio of 45% (range 35%–52%) and 44% (range 39%–54%) for median and ulnar, respectively. Three fascicular injuries were identified: one in ulnar and two in median. All injuries were caused by a 15° beveled needle, the ulnar with a 22G and the median with a 22G and a 27G.ConclusionsFascicular injury is rare following needle transfixion. Needle injury alone is unlikely to explain postblock neurological dysfunction.
Fcγ-receptor-IIIA bioactivity of circulating and synovial immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Andreeva Ivana , Kolb Philipp , Rodon Lea , Blank Norbert , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Merkt Wolfgang 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivePrevious technical limitations prevented the proof of Fcγ-receptor (FcγR)-activation by soluble immune complexes (sICs) in patients. FcγRIIIa (CD16) is a risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed at determining the presence of CD16-activating sICs in RA and control diseases.MethodsSera from an exploratory cohort (n=50 patients with RA) and a validation cohort (n=106 patients with RA, 20 patients with psoriasis arthritis (PsA), 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 31 healthy controls) were analysed using a new reporter cell assay. Additionally, 26 synovial fluid samples were analysed, including paired serum/synovial samples.ResultsFor the first time using a reliable and sensitive functional assay, the presence of sICs in RA sera was confirmed. sICs possess an intrinsic capacity to activate CD16 and can be found in both synovial fluid and in blood. In low experimental dilutions, circulating sICs were also detected in a subset of healthy people and in PsA. However, we report a significantly increased frequency of bioactive circulating sICs in RA. While the bioactivity of circulating sICs was low and did not correlate with clinical parameters, synovial sICs were highly bioactive and correlated with serum autoantibody levels. Receiver operator curves indicated that sICs bioactivity in synovial fluid could be used to discriminate immune complex-associated arthritis from non-associated forms. Finally, circulating sICs were more frequently found in SLE than in RA. The degree of CD16 bioactivity showed strong donor-dependent differences, especially in SLE.ConclusionsRA is characterised by the presence of circulating and synovial sICs that can engage and activate CD16.
Quantifying the jet energy loss in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Shukla Prashant 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, we give a method to study the energy loss of jets in the medium using a variety of jet energy loss observables such as nuclear modification factor and transverse momentum asymmetry in dijets and $$\gamma $$
γ
-jets in heavy ion collisions. The energy loss of jets in the medium depends mainly on the size and the properties of medium viz. temperature and is a function of energy of the jets as predicted by various models. A Monte Carlo (MC) method is employed to generate the transverse momentum and path-lengths of the initial jets that undergo energy loss. Using different scenarios of energy loss, the transverse momentum and system size dependence of nuclear modification factors and different measures of dijet momentum imbalance at energies $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$$

s
NN

= 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV and $$\gamma $$
γ
-jet asymmetry at $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$$

s
NN

=2.76 TeV in Pb+Pb collisions are simulated. The results are compared with the measurements by ATLAS and CMS experiments as a function of transverse momentum and centrality. The study demonstrates how the system size and energy dependence of jet energy loss can be quantified using various experimental observables.
An innovative model for coupled fermion-antifermion pairs
Authors: Guvendi Abdullah , Mustafa Omar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the behavior of fermion-antifermion ($$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

) pairs is crucial in modern physics. These systems, governed by fundamental forces, exhibit complex interactions essential for particle physics, high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and solid-state physics. This study introduces a novel theoretical model using the many-body Dirac equation for $$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

pairs with an effective position-dependent mass (i.e., $$m \rightarrow m + \mathcal {S}(r)$$

m
→
m
+
S
(
r
)

) under the influence of an external magnetic field. To validate our model, we show that by modifying the mass with a Coulomb-like potential, $$m(r) = m - \alpha /r$$

m
(
r
)
=
m
-
α
/
r

, where $$-\alpha /r$$

-
α
/
r

is the Lorentz scalar potential $$\mathcal {S}(r)$$

S
(
r
)

, our results match the well-established energy eigenvalues for $$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

pairs interacting through the Coulomb potential, without approximation. By applying adjustments based on the Cornell potential (i.e., $$\mathcal {S}(r) = kr - \alpha /r$$

S
(
r
)
=
k
r
-
α
/
r

), we derive a closed-form energy expression. We believe this unique model offers significant insights into the dynamics of $$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

pairs under various interaction potentials, with potential applications in particle physics. Additionally, it could be extended to various $$f\overline{f}$$

f

f
¯

systems, such as positronium, relativistic Landau levels for neutral mesons, excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, and Weyl pairs in monolayer graphene sheets.
Electrical Stimulation: Enhancing Axonal Growth following Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: HOROWITZ Roy S. , RANDALL Zachary D. , DY Christopher J. 
Published: August 2024

Electrical stimulation has been integrated in recent decades into rehabilitation protocols following neuromuscular injuries. Existing literature supports the utilisation of prolonged or continuous stimulation generated by implantable or transcutaneous devices for chronic pain subsidence and muscle trophism maintenance, which improve outcomes following microsurgical interventions. Newer uses include brief electrical stimulation for peripheral nerve injury. Brief electrical stimulation has shown promise in expediting regeneration of both torn and crushed nerve axons in the murine model and has been incorporated into a limited number of clinical studies. Augmentation of the natural response of an injured peripheral nerve by electrical stimulation has the potential to accelerate regeneration, presumably leading to improved function and clinical outcomes. We review the existing literature on intraoperative utilisation of electrical stimulation to enhance regeneration, such as neural mechanisms of action and their microscopic effect in animal models, as well as results from initial human studies. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Finite Element Assessment of a Novel Patient‐Specific Mandibular Implant for Severely Atrophic Ridge
Authors: Parhiz Alireza , Nourishirazi Reza , Asadi Amirali , Karimpour Morad 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Dental reconstruction for patients diagnosed with severe mandibular bone atrophy using common dental implants is a challenging process. In such cases, surgeons may encounter challenges such as insufficient available bone, soft tissue, damage to the inferior alveolar nerve, and even the risk of bone fracture. In this study, a new design concept of mandibular patient‐specific implants for severely atrophic ridges followed by finite element evaluation was presented to investigate the mechanical functionality of the concept.Method: The implant is comprised of two modular parts including an inferior border cover and a horseshoe‐shaped structure. This horseshoe segment fits into the cover and is then screwed to it using two screws on each side. A 1 mm deflection was applied to a reference point located between the two anterior posts to extract the resulting Von Mises stress distribution in each part and the reaction force on the reference point which corresponds to the chewing force that the patient must apply to deform the horseshoe. This 1 mm gap is a design consideration and critical distance that horseshoe contacts the gingiva and disturbs the alveolar nerve.Results: The results revealed that load was transmitted from the horseshoe to the cover, and there were no stress contours on the body of the mandible. However, stress concentration was observed in screw locations in the mandible, the amount of which was decreased by increasing the number of used screws. In horseshoe, stress concentration values were around 350 MPa, and the measured reaction force on the reference point was just under 200 N.Conclusion: The finite element analysis results showed that this concept would be functional as the minimum load would be transmitted to the mandibular ridge, and since the patients diagnosed with atrophic ridge are not able to apply load to an amount near 200 N, the horseshoe would not contact the gingiva. Also, it is concluded that increasing the number of bone screw fixations would decrease the risk of long‐term screw loosening.
Exploiting WEE1 Kinase Activity as FUS::DDIT3-Dependent Therapeutic Vulnerability in Myxoid Liposarcoma
Authors: Heinst Lorena , Lee Kwang Seok , Berthold Ruth , Isfort Ilka , Wosnig Svenja , Kuntze Anna , Hafner Susanne , Altvater Bianca , Rossig Claudia , Åman Pierre , Wardelmann Eva , Scholl Claudia , Hartmann Wolfgang , Fröhling Stefan , Trautmann Marcel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The pathognomonic FUS::DDIT3 fusion protein drives myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) tumorigenesis via aberrant transcriptional activation of oncogenic signaling. As FUS::DDIT3 has so far not been pharmacologically tractable to selectively target MLS cells, this study investigated the functional role of the cell cycle regulator WEE1 as novel FUS::DDIT3-dependent therapeutic vulnerability in MLS.

Experimental Design:
Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell cycle regulator WEE1 was performed in a large cohort of MLS specimens. FUS::DDIT3 dependency and biological function of the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint were analyzed in a mesenchymal stem cell model and liposarcoma cell lines in vitro. WEE1 activity was modulated by RNAi-mediated knockdown and the small molecule inhibitor MK-1775 (adavosertib). An established MLS cell line–based chicken chorioallantoic membrane model was employed for in vivo confirmation.

Results:
We demonstrate that enhanced WEE1 pathway activity represents a hallmark of FUS::DDIT3-expressing cell lines as well as MLS tissue specimens and that WEE1 is required for MLS cellular survival in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of WEE1 activity results in DNA damage accumulation and cell cycle progression forcing cells to undergo apoptotic cell death. In addition, our results uncover FUS::DDIT3-dependent WEE1 expression as an oncogenic survival mechanism to tolerate high proliferation and resulting replication stress in MLS. Fusion protein–driven G1/S cell cycle checkpoint deregulation via overactive Cyclin E/CDK2 complexes thereby contributes to enhanced WEE1 inhibitor sensitivity in MLS.

Conclusions:
Our preclinical study identifies WEE1-mediated replication stress tolerance as molecular vulnerability in FUS::DDIT3-driven MLS tumorigenesis that could represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
Update on Pediatric Cancer Surveillance Recommendations for Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Noonan Syndrome, CBL Syndrome, Costello Syndrome, and Related RASopathies
Authors: Perrino Melissa R. , Das Anirban , Scollon Sarah R. , Mitchell Sarah G. , Greer Mary-Louise C. , Yohe Marielle E. , Hansford Jordan R. , Kalish Jennifer M. , Schultz Kris Ann P. , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Kohlmann Wendy K. , Lupo Philip J. , Maxwell Kara N. , Pfister Stefan M. , Weksberg Rosanna , Michaeli Orli , Jongmans Marjolijn C.J. , Tomlinson Gail E. , Brzezinski Jack , Tabori Uri , Ney Gina M. , Gripp Karen W. , Gross Andrea M. , Widemann Brigitte C. , Stewart Douglas R. , Woodward Emma R. , Kratz Christian P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Noonan syndrome, and related syndromes, grouped as RASopathies, result from dysregulation of the RAS-MAPK pathway and demonstrate varied multisystemic clinical phenotypes. Together, RASopathies are among the more prevalent genetic cancer predisposition syndromes and require nuanced clinical management. When compared with the general population, children with RASopathies are at significantly increased risk of benign and malignant neoplasms. In the past decade, clinical trials have shown that targeted therapies can improve outcomes for low-grade and benign neoplastic lesions but have their own challenges, highlighting the multidisciplinary care needed for such individuals, specifically those with NF1. This perspective, which originated from the 2023 American Association for Cancer Research Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop, serves to update pediatric oncologists, neurologists, geneticists, counselors, and other health care professionals on revised diagnostic criteria, review previously published surveillance guidelines, and harmonize updated surveillance recommendations for patients with NF1 or RASopathies.
РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЯ ДІТЕЙ З ІНВАЛІДНІСТЮ: МЕДИКО-СОЦІАЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СІМ'Ї
Authors: Школьник М. Б. , Михальчук В. М. 
Published: August 2024

Мета: аналіз медико-соціальної характеристики сім’ї в дітей, які проходили реабілітаційне відновлення з приводу інвалідності при порушеннях опорно-рухового апарату, на основі даних анкетування батьків.
Матеріали і методи. Проводили опитування 280 батьків для оцінки соціально-психологічної, корекційно-педагогічної та фізичної реабілітації дітей з інвалідністю, хворих на дитячий церебральний параліч та з іншими ураженнями центральної нервової системи з порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату із залученням мультидисциплінарної бригади реабілітологів. В анкету включено низку питань, що стосуються соціальної та медичної характеристики дитини, відомості про батьків, соціального стану сім’ї тощо.
Результати. Під спостереженням знаходилось 280 дітей віком від 4 до 14 років, з інвалідністю по дитячому церебральному паралічу та іншими ураженнями центральної нервової системи. Кожна дитина отримала 10 комплексних занять згідно зі стандартом надання соціальних послуг. Реабілітаційний захід включав проведення таких занять, як: фізична реабілітація, заняття з корекції мови та мовлення, заняття корекційного педагога, заняття з психологом та групові заняття: сюжетно-рольові та дидактичні ігри. Було опитано 280 респондентів. Ключову аудиторію складали батьки (законні представники) дітей, що проходили відновну терапію. Встановлено, що шкідливі звички до вагітності відмічали 69,3 % матерів та 73,2 % батьків дітей з інвалідністю. Шкідливі умови праці фіксували 21,8 % матерів та 13,9 % батьків зазначених дітей.
Висновок. Отримані дані свідчать, що оптимальний вибір індивідуальної програми реабілітації дитини з інвалідністю при функціонуванні організаційної моделі реабілітації за участю мультидисциплінарної команди спеціалістів має відбуватися при залученні сім’ї, з урахуванням її медико-соціального статусу.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НАРОДЖУВАНОСТІ ТА СМЕРТНОСТІ ДІТЕЙ ДО 1 РОКУ В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЛЬВІВСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ В КОНТЕКСТІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ НЕОНАТОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ НАСЕЛЕННЮ
Authors: Любінець О. В. , Децик М. О. 
Published: August 2024

Мета: аналіз рівня народжуваності, коефіцієнта сумарної народжуваності, смертності немовлят, у т. ч. у нео­натальному періоді в Україні та Львівській області, як основа для стратегічного планування організації медичної допомоги вагітним, породіллям та новонародженим.
Матеріали і методи. Матеріалом дослідження слугували дані Державної служби статистики України серед населення України та Львівської області за 2018–2020 рр., а саме медико-демографічні показники: народжуваність та коефіцієнт сумарної народжуваності, смертність немовлят, у т. ч. у віці 0–27 днів. Методи розвідки: демографічний, медичної статистики, статистичного порівняння та узагальнення.
Результати. Встановлено регіональні особливості досліджених показників. У Львівській області спостерігається: більший рівень народжуваності і нижчий ступінь зменшення загального коефіцієнта народжуваності та інтенсивності дітонародження, водночас із більш вираженим «зсувом» народжуваності в сторону «постаріння»; зростання показника смертності дітей у віці до 1 року з перевищенням середньоукраїнського рівня і вищою часткою смертності з приводу окремих станів, що виникають у перинатальному періоді; зростання показника смертності немовлят із приводу природжених вад розвитку, деформацій та хромосомних аномалій, в Україні ж відбулося його зниження; значне збільшення смертності немовлят від деяких інфекційних і паразитарних хвороб, особливо серед хлопчиків. Смертність немовлят у неонатальному періоді в Україні та Львівській області у 2018–2020 рр. засвідчила протилежні тенденції: в Україні при нижчих показниках відбулося її зростання, а у Львівській області – зниження.
Висновок. Стратегію вдосконалення неонатологічної допомоги населенню України необхідно формувати з урахуванням регіональних особливостей та передбачати вирішення проблем, які пов’язані з демографічними процесами та соціально-економічними питаннями (особливостями умов проживання населення, організацією медичної допомоги новонародженим та немовлятам, у т. ч. роботою центрів експертного та регіонального неонатального скринінгу).
Restrictive Versus Liberal Transfusion in Patients With Type 1 or Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: A Prespecified Analysis of the MINT Trial
Authors: DeFilippis Andrew P. , Abbott J. Dawn , Herbert Brandon M. , Bertolet Marnie H. , Chaitman Bernard R. , White Harvey D. , Goldsweig Andrew M. , Polonsky Tamar S. , Gupta Rajesh , Alsweiler Caroline , Silvain Johanne , de Barros e Silva Pedro G.M. , Hillis Graham S. , Daneault Benoit , Tessalee Meechai , Menegus Mark A. , Rao Sunil V. , Lopes Renato D. , Hébert Paul C. , Alexander John H. , Brooks Maria M. , Carson Jeffrey L. , Goodman Shaun G. ,   for the MINT Investigators
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
The MINT trial (Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion) raised concern for harm from a restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and anemia. Type 1 and type 2 MI are distinct pathophysiologic entities that may respond differently to blood transfusion. This analysis sought to determine whether the effects of transfusion varied among patients with a type 1 or a type 2 MI and anemia. The authors hypothesized that the liberal transfusion strategy would be of greater benefit in type 2 than in type 1 MI.

METHODS:
The authors compared rates of death or MI at 30 days in patients with type 1 (n=1460) and type 2 (n=1955) MI and anemia who were randomly allocated to a restrictive (threshold, 7–8 g/dL) or a liberal (threshold, 10 g/dL) transfusion strategy.

RESULTS:

The primary outcome of death or MI was observed in 16% of type 1 MI and 15.4% of type 2 MI patients. The rate of death or MI was higher in patients with type 1 MI randomized to a restrictive (18.2%) versus liberal (13.8%) transfusion strategy (relative risk [RR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.04–1.67]) with no difference observed between the restrictive (15.8%) and liberal (15.1%) transfusion strategies in patients with type 2 MI (RR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.85–1.29]). The test for a differential effect of transfusion strategy by MI type was not statistically significant (
P
interaction
= 0.16).

CONCLUSIONS:
The concern for harm with a restrictive transfusion strategy in patients with acute MI and anemia raised in the MINT primary outcome manuscript may be more apparent in patients with type 1 than type 2 MI.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02981407.
Trajectory of Cognitive Decline After Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization: Findings From the REGARDS Study
Authors: Sterling Madeline R. , Ringel Joanna Bryan , Safford Monika M. , Goyal Parag , Khodneva Yulia , McClure Leslie A. , Durant Raegan W. , Jacob Alexandra E. , Levitan Emily B. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Cognitive impairment is common among adults with heart failure (HF) and associated with poor outcomes. However, less is known about the trajectory of cognitive decline after a first HF hospitalization. We examined the rate of cognitive decline among adults with incident HF hospitalization compared with those without HF hospitalization.

Methods and Results

The REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study is a prospective longitudinal study of 23 894 participants aged ≥45 years free of HF at baseline. HF hospitalization was expert adjudicated. Changes in global cognitive function (primary outcome) were assessed with the Six‐Item Screener (range, 0–6). Secondary outcomes included change in Word List Learning (range, 0–30), Word List Delayed Recall (WLD; range, 0–10), and Animal Fluency Test (range, 0+). Segmented linear mixed‐effects regression models were used. Over 5 years, mean scores across all 4 cognitive tests declined for all participants regardless of HF status. Those with incident HF hospitalization experienced faster declines in the Six‐Item Screener versus those who were HF free (difference, −0.031 [95% CI, −0.047 to −0.016];
P
<0.001), a finding that persisted in fully adjusted models. Those with incident HF hospitalization did not experience faster declines in Word List Learning, Word List Delayed Recall, or Animal Fluency Test scores compared with those without HF hospitalization. Participants with hospitalization for HF with preserved, compared with reduced, ejection fraction had faster decline in Animal Fluency Test.

Conclusions
Global cognitive decline occurred faster among adults with incident HF hospitalization compared with those who remained free of HF hospitalization. This pattern was not seen for the other cognitive domains.