bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited Sampling Strategy of Mycophenolic Acid in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients: Influence of the Post‐Transplant Period and the Pharmacokinetic Profile
Authors: Chaabane Amel , Aouam Karim , Ben Fredj Nadia , Hammouda Mouna , Chadly Zohra , El May Mezri , Boughattas Naceur , Skhiri Habib 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe aimed to develop an accurate and convenient LSS for predicting MPA‐AUC0–12hours in Tunisian adult kidney transplant recipients whose immunosuppressive regimen consisted of MMF and tacrolimus combination with regards to the post‐transplant period and the pharmacokinetic profile. Each pharmacokinetic profile consisted of eight blood samples collected during the 12‐hour dosing interval. The AUC0–12hours was calculated according to the linear trapezoidal rule. The MPA concentrations at each sampling time were correlated by a linear regression analysis with the measured AUC0–12. We analyzed all the developed models for their ability to estimate the MPA‐AUC0–12hours. The best multilinear regression model for predicting the full MPA‐AUC0–12hours was found to be the combination of C1, C4, and C6. All the best correlated models and the most convenient ones were verified to be also applicable before 5 months after transplantation and thereafter. These models were also verified to be applicable for patients having or not the second peak in their pharmacokinetic profiles. For practical reasons we recommend a LSS using C0, C1, and C4 that provides a reasonable MPA‐AUC0–12hours estimation.
VOC emissions from the composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste using standard and advanced aeration strategies
Authors: Maulini‐Duran Caterina , Puyuelo Belen , Artola Adriana , Font Xavier , Sánchez Antoni , Gea Teresa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) during the composting process is mainly responsible for the odors generated in these types of waste treatment plants. In this work, VOC emissions from the source‐separated organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) composting process have been investigated in 50 L pilot reactors operating under different aeration control strategies during the active decomposition stage.RESULTSThe VOC emissions from traditional aeration control options such as oxygen feedback control or cyclic on‐off aeration have been compared with VOC emissions under an oxygen uptake rate (OUR) control strategy. Total VOC emission (mg C m‐3) and VOC composition (%) have been determined during the first active decomposition stage of composting. Study of VOC composition indicated a high presence of terpenes. Carcinogenic compounds, such as furans, have occasionally been found at very low concentration. Results indicate some differences in VOC composition according to the aeration strategy used.CONCLUSIONThe evolution of total VOC emissions was relatively similar, being high in the first days of the process. However, the results obtained show some differences in VOC composition depending on the aeration strategy used. The OUR controller provided a more steady emissions profile, which will help the performance of further gas treatment operations, specially biological systems. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Appraisal of the tire derived rubber (TDR) medium for wastewater treatment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Naz Iffat , Khatoon Nazia , Ali Muhammad Ishtiaq , Saroj Devendra P. , Batool Syeda Ain‐ul , Ali Naeem , Ahmed Safia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study evaluated the effectiveness and durability of tire derived rubber (TDR) for biofilm development and related long term use in fixed biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment.RESULTSTDR incubated (30 ± 2°C) with activated sludge showed comparatively higher biofilm development (0.51 g) under aerobic than under anaerobic (0. 42 g) conditions after 7 weeks. During biofilm succession, a significant shift in bacterial community was observed from pathogenic to autotrophic after 4 weeks. The decreasing bacterial count (MPN index) (≈80%) (Escheria coli and feacal coliforms) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) (70% approx.) depicted diminishing organic load in sludge. Changes in pH and nutrients like NO2‐, NO3‐, PO43‐ and SO32‐ indicated presence of other key bacterial species with efficient nutrient consuming abilities in biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy showed few aberration and rich bacterial growth on treated TDR. Furthermore, detailed analysis through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed minor transformation in TDR under anaerobic conditions.CONCLUSIONTDR proved to be a durable and cost effective support material that can be used in aerobic fixed biofilm reactors for wastewater treatment. However, operational conditions of the reactor should be optimized to keep the biofilm structure intact and to achieve the desired wastewater treatment efficiency. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Coseismic slip distribution for the Mw 9 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake derived from 3‐D FE modeling
Authors: Kyriakopoulos C. , Masterlark T. , Stramondo S. , Chini M. , Bignami C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe coseismic slip distribution of the Mw 9.0 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake has been estimated by inverting near‐field onshore and offshore geodetic data, using Green's function calculated with a 3‐D finite element (FE) model. The FE model simulates several geophysical features of the subduction zone that hosted the rupture surface of the event. These features include a 3‐D geometric configuration and distribution of material properties of the tectonic system, a precise geometric configuration of the irregular rupture surface, and an irregular free surface according to the topography and bathymetry. A model that simulates rupture along the interface between the relatively weak overriding Okhotsk plate and stiff subducting slab of the Pacific Plate requires less slip to produce the observed surface deformation, compared to a model having uniform material properties across the rupture interface. Furthermore, the estimated slip of the heterogeneous model is more widely distributed over the shallow portion of the plate boundary, whereas the estimated slip of the homogeneous model is more focused updip of the epicenter. This demonstrates the sensitivity of inverse analyses of geodetic data for the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake to the simulated domain geometry and configuration of material properties.
Three‐dimensional density modeling of the EGM2008 gravity field over the Mount Paekdu volcanic area
Authors: Choi Sungchan , Oh Chang‐Whan , Götze H.‐J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHere we use the global gravity field data set EGM2008 for 3‐D crustal density modeling of the Mount Paekdu stratovolcano and surrounding area located on the border between North Korea and China. Curvature analysis and Euler deconvolution are used to assist interpretation, and the 3‐D model is constrained by multiple geological and geophysical data sets. Mount Paekdu is characterized by a low Bouguer anomaly of −110 × 10−5 m/s2, which is caused by the combined gravity effects of (1) a depth to the Moho of about 40 km, (2) a zone with lower P wave velocity and density than the surrounding, (3) low density volcanic rocks on the surface, and (4) the presence of a magma chamber that has not previously been identified. The modeled magma chamber has a mean thickness of 5 km and a density of about 2350 kg/m3 and is located <10 km from the surface. Magma chambers are also modeled beneath Mount Wangtian and Mount Nampotae. However, the results of the 3‐D density modeling do not confirm the existence of a previously proposed midcrustal low‐velocity zone in the area 70 km to the north of Mount Paekdu. Since the Pliocene, volcanic activity in the Mount Paekdu region has migrated from the east coast of North Korea to the northwest, following the path of NW‐SE trending faults.
Gas‐phase interactions of organotin compounds with glycine
Authors: Latrous Latifa , Tortajada Jeanine , Haldys Violette , Léon Emmanuelle , Correia Catarina , Salpin Jean‐Yves 
Published: June 2013

Gas‐phase interactions of organotins with glycine have been studied by combining mass spectrometry experiments and quantum calculations. Positive‐ion electrospray spectra show that the interaction of di‐ and tri‐organotins with glycine results in the formation of [(R)2Sn(Gly)‐H]+and [(R)3Sn(Gly)]+ions, respectively. Di‐organotin complexes appear much more reactive than those involving tri‐organotins. (MS/MS) spectra of the [(R)3Sn(Gly)]+ions are indeed simple and only show elimination of intact glycine, generating the [(R)3Sn]+carbocation. On the other hand, MS/MS spectra of [(R)2Sn(Gly)‐H]+complexes are characterized by numerous fragmentation processes. Six of them, associated with elimination of H2O, CO, H2O + CO and formation of [(R)2SnOH]+(−57 u),[(R)2SnNH2]+( −58 u) and [(R)2SnH]+(−73 u), are systematically observed. Use of labeled glycines notably concludes that the hydrogen atoms eliminated in water and H2O + CO are labile hydrogens. A similar conclusion can be made for hydrogens of [(R2)SnOH]+and [(R2)SnNH2]+ions. Interestingly, formation [(R)2SnH]+ions is characterized by a migration of one the α hydrogen of glycine onto the metallic center. Finally, several dissociation routes are observed and are characteristic of a given organic substituent.Calculations indicated that the interaction between organotins and glycine is mostly electrostatic. For [(R)2Sn(Gly)‐H]+complexes, a preferable bidentate interaction of the type η2‐O,NH2 is observed, similar to that encountered for other metal ions. [(R)3Sn]+ions strongly stabilize the zwitterionic form of glycine, which is practically degenerate with respect to neutral glycine. In addition, the interconversion between both forms is almost barrierless. Suitable mechanisms are proposed in order to account for the most relevant fragmentation processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved repair of chondral and osteochondral defects in the ovine trochlea compared with the medial condyle
Authors: Orth Patrick , Meyer Heinz‐Lothar , Goebel Lars , Eldracher Mona , Ong Mei Fang , Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAssociations between topographic location and articular cartilage repair in preclinical animal models are unknown. Based on clinical investigations, we hypothesized that lesions in the ovine femoral condyle repair better than in the trochlea. Full‐thickness chondral and osteochondral defects were simultaneously established in the weightbearing area of the medial femoral condyle and the lateral trochlear facet in sheep, with chondral defects subjected to subchondral drilling. After 6 months in vivo, cartilage repair and osteoarthritis development was evaluated by macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses. Macroscopic and histological articular cartilage repair and type‐II collagen immunoreactivity were better in the femoral trochlea, regardless of the defect type. Location‐independently, osteochondral defects induced more osteoarthritic degeneration of the adjacent cartilage than drilled chondral lesions. DNA and proteoglycan contents of chondral defects were higher in the condyle, reflecting physiological topographical differences. The results indicate that topographic location dictates the structural patterns and biochemical composition of the repair tissue in sheep. These findings suggest that repair of cartilage defects at different anatomical sites of the ovine stifle joint needs to be assessed independently and that the sheep trochlea exhibits cartilage repair patterns reflective of the human medial femoral condyle. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1772–1779, 2013
An IE‐ODDM Scheme Combined With Efficient Direct Solver for 3D Scattering Problems
Authors: Chen Jialin , Wang Min , Li Shangsheng , Zhu Mingbo , Yu Jing , Li Xiangping 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAn improved scheme of integral equation‐based overlapped domain decomposition method combined with an efficient direct solver based on hierarchical LU (H‐LU) decomposition is proposed for the three‐dimensional (3D) scattering problems. In this scheme, the H‐LU direct method is utilized to solve the self‐impedance matrix equation in each extended subdomain; simultaneously, the multilevel fast multipole algorithm is applied to complete the matrix vector product operation of mutual‐impedance matrix between different subdomains. In the H‐LU operation, a recompressed adaptive cross approximation technique is used to generate the low‐rank approximations of the far‐field matrices. After integrating all the techniques, the proposed scheme is very efficient especially for 3D electromagnetic scattering problems with multiple incident fields such as the computation of the monostatic radar cross section. Some examples are provided to demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2027–2033, 2013
Comparison of Different MIMO Antenna Arrays and User's Effect on Their Performances
Authors: Gómez‐Calero Carlos , Jamaly Nima , Martínez Ramón , de Haro Leandro 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMultiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems have entailed a great enhancement in wireless communications performances. The use of multiple antennas at each side of the radio link has been included in recent drafts and standards such as WLAN, WIMAX, or DVB‐T2. The MIMO performances depend on the antenna array characteristics and thus several aspects have to be taken into account to design MIMO antennas. In the literature, many articles can be found in terms of capacity or antenna design, but in this article, different types of antenna arrays for MIMO systems are measured in a reverberation chamber with and without a phantom as a user′s head. As a result, the MIMO performances are degraded by the user in terms of efficiency, diversity gain, and capacity. Omnidirectional antennas such as monopoles with high radiation efficiency offer the highest performance for a rich scattering nonline of sight indoor environment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2039–2043, 2013
A High‐Voltage Driving 60‐GHz Power Amplifier with Psat of 13 dBm and PAE of 9.1% in 90‐nm CMOS for IEEE 802.11ad Communication Systems
Authors: Chang Jin‐Fa , Lin Yo‐Sheng 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA high‐voltage (3 V) driving 60‐GHz power amplifier (PA) for direct‐conversion transceiver using standard 90 nm CMOS technology is reported. The PA comprises two cascode stages with inductive load and low‐impedance interstage matching, followed by a common‐source output stage. To increase the saturated output power (Psat) and power‐added efficiency (PAE), the output stage adopts a two‐way power dividing and combining architecture. Instead of the area‐consumed Wilkinson power divider and combiner, miniature low‐loss LC power divider and combiner (IL = 0.536 dB @60 GHz) are used. This in turn results in further Psat and PAE enhancement. The PA consumes 176.2 mW and achieves power gain (S21) of 17.9 ± 3.7 dB, input‐port input reflection coefficient (S11) of −5.8 to −7.3 dB, output‐port input reflection coefficient (S22) of −10.4 to −26.3 dB, and reverse isolation (S12) of −56.4 to −81.7 dB for frequencies 50–60 GHz. In addition, for frequencies 50–60 GHz, the PA achieves output 1‐dB compression point (OP1dB) of 6.6–7.8 dBm, Psat of 10.6–13 dBm and maximum PAE of 9.1%, one of the best PAE results ever reported for a 60 GHz CMOS PA. These results demonstrate the proposed PA architecture is very promising for 60‐GHz short‐range communication system applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2033–2039, 2013
Triband Microstrip–Based Radiating Structure Design using Split Ring Resonator and Complementary Split Ring Resonator
Authors: Patel Shobhit K. , Kosta Yogeshwar 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a novel microstrip patch antenna is designed with the use of both split ring resonator (SRR) and complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). The use of SRR and CSRR in the substrate and base material, respectively, have changed the behavior of the material and now it acts as metamaterial. Metamaterials exhibit new electromagnetic response functions that cannot be found in nature. The addition of SRR and CSRR in the regular patch changes the permeability (µ) and the permittivity (ε) of the material. Due to the change in these two properties of the material the resonance changes and now patch design shows the multiband result. Here the design shows three bands with its center frequencies 3.31, 3.88, and 4.61 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2219–2222, 2013
Artificial Neural Networks for the Chromatic Dispersion Prediction of Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Rodríguez‐Esquerre V. F. , Isídio‐Lima J. J. , Dourado‐Sisnando A. , Simões Silva F. G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMultilayer perceptron artificial neural networks have been used for the efficient evaluation and prediction of the chromatic dispersion properties of microstructured optical fibers, with very low computational resources and efforts in an easy, efficient, and simple way. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2179–2181, 2013
Wideband Folded Bowtie Antenna With Γ‐Shaped Strip Feed and Tuning Stubs
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Ya , Zuo Shao‐Li , Zhao Jia‐Yue 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe wideband performance of a bowtie antenna with Γ‐shaped strip feed and tuning stubs is presented. Besides two folded elements connecting the patches of the bowtie dipole for a compact dimension, the Γ‐shaped strip feed structure and the four tuning stubs to effectively improve the impendence matching can be used for bandwidth enhancement. A wideband impedance characteristics of about 58.6% for VSWR ≤ 1.5 ranging from 1.58–2.89 GHz is obtained and the stable peak gain of around 9 dBi, unidirectional radiation patterns and low cross‐polarization over the whole operating band are also achieved. It is very suitable for the recent wireless communication services for the indoor‐base station such as 3G, WiFi, WiMax, Bluetooth, and LTE/2.5 applications, and so on. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2145–2149, 2013
Novel Coplanar Waveguide Circulator Using Metallized Yttrium Iron Garnet Disk
Authors: Soh Wee Tee , Tan Chin Yaw , Ong Chong Kim 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThrough numerical simulations, we present a novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) circulator using bulk Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) as the active material. This simple design allows circulation to be achieved using CPW lines, by having a metallized YIG disk on top of the center conductor. The metallization serves to direct the electromagnetic fields in the center region such that the circulation conditions can be satisfied. Simulation results show good nonreciprocal behavior. At circulation frequency of 9.88 GHz, an insertion loss of −0.37 dB, return loss of −18.5 dB, and isolation of −16.8 dB is achieved. As CPW lines are used, and the YIG ferrite is placed on top of the CPW line, this circulator can be easily integrated into monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2143–2145, 2013
Compact Bandstop Filter for UHF in Modified Meander Arrangement with Capacitors
Authors: Rudziński Adam , Łysiuk Anna , Godziszewski Konrad 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a novel bandstop microstrip filter with coupling capacitors. The microstrip is arranged in a meander‐like pattern, with particular segments coupled by capacitors. This layout provides good results and reduced filter's size, with readily tunable transmittance that can be modified for notch‐like operation or wide stop band. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2110–2113, 2013
High Efficiency Two‐Stage Unbalanced Doherty Power Amplifier for Lte Applications
Authors: Jang Dong‐Hee , Kim Ji‐Yeon , Kim Jong‐Heon 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA 16 W two‐stage unbalanced Doherty amplifier with high efficiency is proposed for the long‐term evolution test signal. The proposed amplifier by using the gate bias control of the drive and final peaking amplifier demonstrated a 43% power added efficiency with an adjacent channel leakage ratio of −37 dBc at 7.3 dB output power back‐off. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2176–2179, 2013
Compact Filter Design Using SIR and Tapped Asymmetrical Coupling Path
Authors: Luo Xun , Qian Huizhen 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA series of compact bandpass filters with single‐ and dual‐band are proposed using the stepped impedance resonator (SIR) and tapped asymmetrical coupling path. The resonances are introduced by the SIR. Meanwhile, the tapped asymmetrical coupling path could use the controlled coupling for passband enhancement around the resonances for single‐ and dual‐band frequency responses. The equivalent circuit model of the proposed scheme is introduced. Based on the mechanism mentioned earlier, two compact bandpass filters with single‐ and dual‐band are designed with high performance. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is achieved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2059–2062, 2013
Ultra‐Wideband Slot Antenna With Frequency Band‐Stop Operation
Authors: Ojaroudi Mohammad , Ojaroudi Nasser 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, a novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) slot antenna with frequency band‐stop performance is designed and manufactured. The fabricated antenna has the frequency band of 3.01 to more than 11.07 GHz with a rejection band around 5–6 GHz. Good VSWR and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained in the frequency band of interest. Simulated and measured results are presented to validate the usefulness of the proposed antenna structure for UWB applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2020–2023, 2013
Miniature Planer Monopole Antenna with Dual‐Band Rejection Characteristics for UWB Applications
Authors: Naser‐Moghadasi M. , Sadeghzadeh R. A. , MohammadLou R. Khajeh , Jalali M. , Virdee B. S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA novel and compact monopole antenna with dual‐band notch functionality is presented for ultra‐wideband applications. The band notches are realized by nesting two slots within the radiating patch, which are constituted by etching a symmetrical Г‐shaped slot in the form of a meandering line, and the second slot is a U‐shaped slot. Cross‐coupling between the slot elements is designed to be minimal. Experimental results show that the prototype antenna of dimensions 17 × 10 × 1.6 mm3 exhibits an impedance bandwidth extending from 3.1 to 12 GHz for VSWR ≤ 2, except at the two stop band located between 4.96 and 5.95 GHz (WLAN) and 7.725–8.5 GHz (ITU‐R). Moreover, the antenna has good radiation characteristics, a stable gain and good time‐domain behavior to satisfy the requirement of the current wireless communication standards. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1977–1981, 2013
Two‐Ray Modeling of Recombination Effects in The Presence of a Phase Conjugation Array
Authors: Chan Pak , Fusco Vincent 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis article describes by means of a simple model how signal recombination effects behave under the influence of phase conjugating retrodirective array (RDA) technology. A two‐ray ground reflection model is used to predict the operational advantages of RDA technology in multipath rich environments. The simulation results show that advantageous signal recombination occurs due to automatic self‐phasing. As the number of elements in the RDA increases, the fading effect normally observed due to out of phase multipath signal is mitigated to the extent that the system approaches that of one operating in a free space environment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1987–1989, 2013