bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotechnologist screening of fine‐needle aspiration specimens
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Esebua Magda , Witt Benjamin L. 
Published: February 2014

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is widely utilized due to its short turnaround time (TAT), diagnostic accuracy, and low cost. Controversy exists as to what role cytotechnologists should play in evaluation of FNAs. Some authorities believe all FNAs should be screened by cytotechnologists while others believe that cytotechnologist review is unnecessary. Sixty sequentially performed FNAs without initial review by cytotechnologists were selected from the files of the University of Utah, Department of Pathology. The slides were obtained along with the associated final diagnoses. The slides were reviewed by cytotechnologists given patient history and specimen site but were blinded to the initial pathologist's diagnoses. The initial cytopathologist's diagnoses and subsequent cytotechnologists' diagnoses were recorded and correlated. TATs for these cases were calculated and compared with TATs in a second set of randomly selected FNAs where cytotechnologists had initially screened the cases. Correlation of initial cytopathologists' diagnoses with those of cytotechnologists' revealed no instances where cytotechnologists identified diagnostically significant findings not noted by the original pathologist. TAT for the FNAs reviewed only by a cytopathologist averaged 25.9 hours with a mode of 6 hours. TATs for cases with initial cytotechnologist screening averaged 44.1 hours with a mode of 25 hours. Pre‐sign‐out screening of FNA specimens by cytotechnologists does not appear to increase detection of cytologic abnormalities. Cytotechnologist screening does substantially increased TAT from a mean of 26 hours to approximately 44 hours. Such an extensive delay may reduce the overall clinical utility of the FNA technique. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:606–608. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An augmented dopamine system function is present prior to puberty in the methylazoxymethanol acetate rodent model of schizophrenia
Authors: Chen Li , Perez Stephanie M. , Lodge Daniel J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a disease typically associated with an adolescent onset. Although there have been a considerable number of imaging studies investigating the transition to psychosis in prodromal patients, there are relatively few preclinical studies examining potential mechanisms that may contribute to adolescent onset. We have previously demonstrated, in the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model of schizophrenia, that an enhanced activity within the ventral hippocampus may underlie the dopamine system hyperfunction, suggested to contribute to positive symptoms in patients. Here we demonstrate that the aberrant regulation of dopamine system function, in MAM‐treated rats, is present prior to puberty. Furthermore, we now report that while the afferent regulation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons (from the hippocampus and pedunculopontine tegmental area) appears intact in preadolescent rats, the behavioral response to alterations in dopamine system function appears to be attenuated in preadolescent rats. Thus, we posit that the pathological alterations underlying psychosis may be present prior to symptom onset and that the “normal” development of the postsynaptic side of the dopamine system may underlie the transition to psychosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 907–917, 2014
Environmental assessment of depleted uranium used in military armor-piercing rounds in terrestrial systems
Authors: Stanley Jacob K. , Coleman Jessica G. , Brasfield Sandra M. , Bednar Anthony J. , Ang Choo Y. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Depleted uranium (DU) from the military testing and use of armor-piercing kinetic energy penetrators has been shown to accumulate in soils; however, little is known about the toxicity of DU geochemical species created through corrosion or weathering. The purpose of the present study was to assess the toxic effects and bioaccumulation potential of field-collected DU oxides to the model terrestrial invertebrates Eisenia fetida (earthworm) and Porcellio scaber (isopod). Earthworm studies were acute (72 h) dermal exposures or 28-d spiked soil exposures that used noncontaminated field-collected soils from the US Army's Yuma and Aberdeen Proving Grounds. Endpoints assessed in earthworm testing included bioaccumulation, growth, reproduction, behavior (soil avoidance), and cellular stress (neutral red uptake in coelomocytes). Isopod testing used spiked food, and endpoints assessed included bioaccumulation, survival, and feeding behavior. Concentration-dependent bioaccumulation of DU in earthworms was observed with a maximum bioaccumulation factor of 0.35; however, no significant reductions in survival or impacts to cellular stress were observed. Reproduction lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOEC) of 158 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg were observed in Yuma Proving Ground and a Mississippi reference soil (Karnac Ferry), respectively. Earthworm avoidance of contaminated soils was not observed in 48-h soil avoidance studies; however, isopods were shown to avoid food spiked with 12.7% by weight DU oxides through digital tracking studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1308–1314. © 2014 SETAC
Doped Germanate‐Based Apatites as Electrolyte for Use in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang S.‐F. , Hsu Y.‐F. , Lin W.‐J. , Kobayashi K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractApatite ceramics, known for their good electrical conductivities, have garnered substantial attention as an alternative electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, studies focusing on the electrochemical performances of SOFCs with apatities as electrolytes remain rare, partly due to their high sintering temperature. In this study, the effects of Mg2+, Al3+, Ga3+, and Sn4+ dopants on the characteristics of La9.5Ge6O26 ± δ are examined and their potential for use as SOFC electrolytes evaluated. The results indicate that La9.5Ge5.5Al0.5O26 is stabilized into a hexagonal structure, while the La9.5Ge5.5Sn0.5O26.25, La9.5Ge5.5Ga0.5O26, and La9.5Ge5.5Mg0.5O25.75 ceramics reveal triclinic cells accompanied with the second phase La2Sn2O7 or La2GeO5. The study further demonstrates that a high sintering temperature is needed for both the La9.5Ge5.5Mg0.5O25.75 and the La9.5Ge5.5Sn0.5O26.25 ceramics, and the worst electrical conductivity among the examined systems appears in the La9.5Ge5.5Ga0.5O26 ceramic. The La9.5Ge5.5Al0.5O26 ceramic is accordingly selected for cell evaluation due to its ability to reach densification at 1,350 °C, its good electrical conductivity of 0.026 S cm–1 at 800 °C, and its acceptable thermal expansion coefficient of 10.1 × 10–6 K–1. The maximum power densities of the NiO‐SDC/La9.5Ge5.5Al0.5O26/LSCF‐SDC single cell are found to be respectively 0.22, 0.16, 0.11, and 0.07 W cm–2 at 950, 900, 850, and 800 °C.
Biocompatibility of wollastonite‐poly(N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate) composites
Authors: de Sena Lídia Ágata , de Almeida Marcelo Sanmartin , de Oliveira Fernandes Gustavo V. , Guerra Bretaña Rosa M. , Castro‐Silva Igor Iuco , Granjeiro José Mauro , Achete Carlos Alberto 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWollastonite‐poly(n‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate) composite (W‐BCA) has been proposed to immobilize anatomically bone fragments in order to achieve an optimal healing process. The present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo behavior of three types of fillers: powdered natural wollastonite (Wn), synthetic pseudowollastonite powder (Ws), and synthetic pseudowollastonite powder coated with 5% acetyl tributyl citrate (Wst). The Wst‐BCA composite underwent a higher degradability in the real‐time degradation test and a superior cytotoxic effect; whereas the Wn‐BCA composite showed a higher degradability in the accelerated test with no cytotoxicity. The formation of an extracellular collagenous matrix deposit on its surface and the most favorable new bone formation on Wn‐BCA indicate its potential for bone adhesive use in unstable orthopedic traumas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1121–1129, 2014.
Retransplantation using living‐donor right‐liver grafts
Authors: Dai Wing Chiu , Chan See Ching , Chok Kenneth S. H. , Cheung Tan To , Sharr William W. , Chan Albert C. Y. , Fung James Y. Y. , Wong Tiffany C. L. , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study reviews the outcomes of retransplantation using living‐donor right‐liver grafts.MethodsA retrospective study of liver retransplants performed between 1996 and 2013 was conducted. The retransplants were divided into the DD group (with deceased donors) and the LD group (with living donors). Survival outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThe DD group contained 23 patients and 27 retransplants using whole‐liver grafts and the LD group contained 11 patients and 11 retransplants using right‐liver grafts. Vascular and biliary complications were the main indications for retransplantation in both groups. The LD group had significantly younger donors, lighter grafts, shorter cold ischemia and longer operations. The two groups were comparable in age, preoperative liver function, warm ischemia, blood loss, transfusion, intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, hospital mortality, complication and graft loss. The 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year patient survival rates were 78.3%, 73.7% and 63.8%, respectively, in the DD group. The LD group had the corresponding rates all at 90.9% (P = 0.246). The 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year graft survival rates were 74.1%, 65.8% and 61.5%, respectively, in the DD group. The LD group had the corresponding rates all at 90.9% (P = 0.132).ConclusionExcellent long‐term survival after retransplantation using living‐donor right‐liver grafts can be achieved.
Soil science contributions towards Sustainable Development Goals and their implementation: linking soil functions with ecosystem services
Authors: Bouma Johan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe United Nations effort to define Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's), emphasizing local goals and capacity building, offers a unique opportunity for soil science to demonstrate the role it can play when focusing on these goals. Several strategic reports have presented key issues for sustainable development: food security, freshwater and energy availability, climate change and biodiversity loss are issues most frequently being listed, not soil degradation. Focusing on soil contributions towards interdisciplinary studies of these key issues, rather than emphasizing soils by themselves, is therefore bound to be more effective for the soil science profession. But this is still inadequate when studying land‐related SDG's, requiring a broader ecosystem approach that can be achieved by a direct link between soil functions and corresponding ecosystem services. Thus, the key issues are not considered separately but linked as part of a dynamic ecosystem characterization following a narrative as is demonstrated for food security, that can be well addressed by precision agriculture. As all key issues and at least five of the ten SDG's are directly land‐related, soil science can potentially play an important role in the suggested interdisciplinary studies. But in addition, the current information society with knowledgeable stakeholders requires innovative and interactive transdisciplinary scientific approaches by not only focusing on knowledge generation but also on co‐learning with stakeholders and, important, on implementation. The soil science discipline can become more effective in the transdisciplinary context by: (1) reconnecting the knowledge chain, linking tacit with scientific knowledge both ways, (2) simplifying soil terminology, (3) learning to deal with “wicked” environmental problems for which no single solutions exist but only a series of alternative options for action, balancing economic, social and environmental considerations, (4) educating “knowledge brokers”, linking science with society in land‐related issues, acting within a “Community of Scientific Practice”, and (5) modernizing soil science curricula. Transdisciplinary approaches are crucial to achieve SDG's, linking science and society. There is a need for specific results on the ground illustrating with hard data the key role soils can play in realizing SDG's.
Drug‐Target Residence Time—A Case for G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Authors: Guo Dong , Hillger Julia M. , IJzerman Adriaan P. , Heitman Laura H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA vast number of marketed drugs act on G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), the most successful category of drug targets to date. These drugs usually possess high target affinity and selectivity, and such combined features have been the driving force in the early phases of drug discovery. However, attrition has also been high. Many investigational new drugs eventually fail in clinical trials due to a demonstrated lack of efficacy. A retrospective assessment of successfully launched drugs revealed that their beneficial effects in patients may be attributed to their long drug‐target residence times (RTs). Likewise, for some other GPCR drugs short RT could be beneficial to reduce the potential for on‐target side effects. Hence, the compounds’ kinetics behavior might in fact be the guiding principle to obtain a desired and durable effect in vivo. We therefore propose that drug‐target RT should be taken into account as an additional parameter in the lead selection and optimization process. This should ultimately lead to an increased number of candidate drugs moving to the preclinical development phase and on to the market. This review contains examples of the kinetics behavior of GPCR ligands with improved in vivo efficacy and summarizes methods for assessing drug‐target RT.
Desmosomes and Extradesmosomal Adhesive Signaling Contacts in Pemphigus
Authors: Waschke Jens , Spindler Volker 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDesmosomes are adhering junctions present in all cells of simple and complex epithelia. They are most abundant in cells of tissues subjected to extensive mechanical stress such as keratinocytes and cardiomyocytes. The core of desmosomes is built up of desmosomal cadherins, cadherin‐type adhesion molecules that are tethered to intermediate filaments via adaptor proteins of the armadillo and the plakin family. In addition, desmosomal cadherins are present outside of desmosomes. Recent investigations indicate that these molecules are involved in adhesion‐dependent and adhesion‐independent signaling and thus have functions different from the adhesive properties of their counterparts within desmosomes. Impaired adhesion of desmosomal cadherins both within and outside of desmosomes is the cause of the blistering skin disease pemphigus. Autoantibodies interfere with the binding of desmosomal cadherins and alter intracellular signaling pathways, the latter of which is necessary for loss of cell adhesion. Among the plethora of signaling molecules reported, altered activities of p38MAPK, protein kinase C, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are most relevant. This review highlights the recent data on signaling by desmosomal cadherins and the mechanisms involved in pemphigus skin blistering.
The measurement properties of stigmatizing attitudes towards mental disorders: results from two community surveys
Authors: Yap Marie B. H. , Mackinnon Andrew , Reavley Nicola , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractStigma is a well‐documented concern of people living with mental illness. Through the use of novel exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) methods, we aimed to elucidate the structure of stigma as measured by two stigma scales (the Depression Stigma Scale and the Social Distance Scale), to establish dimensions of stigma towards a range of disorders and to compare levels on these dimensions between disorders and respondent subgroups. We used data from two Australian national surveys, one of the general community aged 15+ and another of youths aged 15–25. Stigma responses were elicited using a range of mental illness vignettes: depression, schizophrenia, social phobia and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ESEM revealed that the structure of stigmatizing attitudes in young people and adults is comparable in personally held attitudes and those perceived in others. Personal and perceived stigma formed distinct dimensions with each comprising “Weak‐not‐sick” and “Dangerous/unpredictable” components. The social distance dimension of stigma was separate from other components of stigma, supporting the appropriateness of the existing Social Distance Scale. Scales reflecting these dimensions had different patterns of association with respondent age and gender, and the type of mental disorder portrayed in the vignette. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive periodical representative volume element for simulating periodical postbuckling behavior
Authors: Tong Q. , Wang H. L. , Xu R. , Liu B. , Fang D.N. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYFinite element method (FEM) with fixed representative volume element (RVE) encounters some difficulties in simulating the periodical postbuckling behaviors of infinite long beam or infinite large film on soft substrate under compression, because the wavelength and pattern of buckling are not known before simulation and will change with the increase of compression strain. In this paper, an adaptive periodical RVE is constructed in a mapping space to avoid remeshing in the real space, and the mapping coefficients, that is, the dimension and shape of RVE in real space, are treated as variables in average energy density minimization to obtain correct postbuckling configurations. The validness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm have been demonstrated by our numerical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress relaxation of GaN microstructures on a graphene‐buffered Al2O3 substrate
Authors: Mun Dae‐Hwa , Bae Hyojung , Bae Sukang , Lee Hyunjung , Ha Jun‐Seok , Lee Sanghyun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGaN microstructures were grown on c‐Al2O3 with a multi‐stacked graphene buffered layer using metal metal‐organic chemical‐vapor deposition. Under the same growth conditions, the nucleation of GaN was suppressed by the low surface energy of graphene, resulting in a much lower density of microstructures relative to those grown on c‐Al2O3. Residual stress in the GaN microstructures was estimated from the peak shift of the E2 phonon using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the compressive stress of approximately 0.36 GPa in GaN on c‐Al2O3 caused by lattice mismatch and the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient was relaxed by introducing the graphene layer. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
C603– versus C604– /C602– – Synthesis and Characterization of Five Salts Containing Discrete Fullerene Anions
Authors: Boeddinghaus M. Bele , Klein Wilhelm , Wahl Bernhard , Jakes Peter , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFive new compounds, [Rb(18crown‐6)]3[C60] (1), [Rb(18crown‐6)]6[C60]2(C3H7NO)2(C4H8O)2 (2), [Rb(benzo18crown‐6)]6[C60]2(C2H8N2)5 (3), [Cs(benzo18crown‐6)]3C60(C2H8N2)2 (4), and [Cs3(benzo18crown‐6)5]C60(C2H8N2)(4.5+x) (5) were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination. All compounds contain discrete C60 anions, which are ordered in 1, 2, and 4, where direct cation‐anion contacts occur. The unit cells of 1 and 2 contain two independent fullerides, which coordinate to the rubidium atoms either of two or of four [Rb(18crown‐6)] units. Owing to the presence of differently coordinated fullerene units in compounds 1 and 2, a possible disproportionation of C603– into C602– and C604– anions is discussed. In 3 and 4 the C60 anions are coordinated by three Rb and Cs atoms, respectively. In all compounds the average charge of the anion is –3. Magnetic data reveal a doublet spin state for 3. The EPR spectra are discussed for compounds 3 and 5. The role of a dynamic Jahn‐Teller distortion is discussed, and we report the first IR spectroscopic data of fullerene trianions, which have been obtained in solution.
Constructing Two MnII Coordination Polymers with 1,4‐Bis(1‐imidazol‐yl)‐2,5‐dimethyl Benzene and Different Dicarboxylate Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Xu Liping , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTwo new coordination polymers, [Mn(tda)(bimb)0.5]n (1) and [Mn(obb)(bimb)]n (2) [H2tda = 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, H2obb = 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid) and bimb = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazol‐yl)‐2,5‐dimethyl benzene], were hydrothermally synthesized by reactions of MnII salt with a rigid ligand 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazol‐yl)‐2,5‐dimethyl benzene and dicarboxylate ligands. Complex 1 exhibits an unusual binodal (3,7)‐connected three‐dimensional (3D) architecture with point symbol (44.617).(63). Complex 2 is a three‐dimensional structure with pcu topology. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of complexes 1 and 2 are investigated.
Is the Volume‐Based Thermodynamics (VBT) Approach Valid for the Estimation of the Lattice Enthalpy of Salts Containing the 5, 5′‐(Tetrazolate‐1N‐oxide) Dianion?
Authors: Glasser Leslie , Jenkins H. Donald B. , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn previous publications we have used volume‐based thermodynamics (VBT) to estimate the lattice energies and enthalpies of new high‐energy ionic materials. The use of the VBT approach for salts containing non‐spherical ions such as the 5, 5′‐(tetrazolate‐1N‐oxide) dianion in TKX‐50 [bishydroxylammonium 5, 5′‐(tetrazolate‐1N‐oxide)] has received some criticism. Herein we show that the VBT approach is suitable for the estimation of lattice energies/enthalpies for such salts.