bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising Gas Injection in Carbonate Reservoirs Using High-Resolution Outcrop Analogue Models
Authors: Agada Simeon , Geiger Sebastian 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Outcrop analogue studies for complex subsurface reservoirs have become increasingly common because they allow us to integrate reservoir characterisation with reservoir simulation. This enables us to correlate distinct geological features that can be observed in the outcrop but are normally upscaled in dynamic models, to complex flow phenomena present in real reservoirs. Hence we can construct static models that are better calibrated because they contain the key geological structures controlling the flow behaviour and translate them into dynamic models that are upscaled properly.
In this study we use a high resolution simulation model of a middle Jurassic carbonate ramp outcrop from the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco, which can be regarded as an analogue for the Arab D formation, to investigate fluid flow processes during enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The outcrop analogue model contains a wide range of sedimentological and structural geological features, including patch reefs, mollusc banks, mud mounds and fractures. Our work aims to improve our understanding of the flow dynamics occurring during secondary and tertiary gas injection in complex carbonate reservoirs. We simulated gas injection as both, miscible and immiscible, where miscibility is determined by the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) estimated from correlations. We compare continuous gas injection and water alternating gas (WAG) injection and decipher how they are influenced by matrix and fracture heterogeneities.
The results show up to 7% incremental recovery by gas injection compared to secondary recovery due to the contact of un-swept zones and improved hydrocarbon displacement. We show how gas channelling along high permeability layers is mitigated by WAG injection and that detailed representation of small- and large-scale geological features such as fractures and high permeability streaks, leads to improved prediction of hydrocarbon recovery. Using this understanding, we optimise recovery by ensuring effective gas utilization, injection strategy and miscibility conditions.
Apology Accepted: The Benefits of an Apology for a Deficient Audit Following an Audit Failure
Authors: Rasso Jason T. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARY
This paper examines the use of an apology for conducting a deficient audit that indirectly leads to an audit failure. Audit failures can be costly to accounting firms in terms of litigation costs and reputational harm. These costs are potentially much higher when the audit failure stems from a deficient audit. Using an experiment, I test whether the use of an apology containing various components (expression of sympathy, acceptance of responsibility, and/or promise to refrain) is beneficial or harmful to an accounting firm. The results of the experiment reveal that only one component, the expression of sympathy, has a significant effect on participant assessments of punishment. On the other hand, combining all three apology components leads to a significantly higher perception of the accounting firm's reputation.
Knowledge and Practice of Mothers Regarding the Prevention of Anemia during Pregnancy, in Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Ghimire N , Pandey N 
Published: September 2013

Iron deficiency anaemia is one of the main causes of anemia during pregnancy as it is associated with increased maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding the prevention of anemia during pregnancy among mothers who delivered in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). Convenient purposive sampling technique was adopted and mothers were included in the study who delivered in TUTH during four weeks period of data collection. They were interviewed by administering semi structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was applied to assess the association between variables. The test result shows that there was significant association in level of knowledge to the educational status regarding prevention of anemia during pregnancy (p=0.002). Furthermore, the study also revealed that there was significant association between frequencies of antenatal care (ANC) visit to the level of knowledge (p=0.007) as well as level of practice (p=0.043) of mothers about pre­vention of anemia in pregnancy. From the result of the study, it is concluded that the majority of mothers had not adequate knowledge and poor practice regarding prevention of anemia during pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i3.8631 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(3): 14-15
Tackling the Terai Forest Governance Impasse: Can District-level Multi-stakeholder Processes Help?
Authors: Rana Bishwas , Khanal Keshav Prasad , Kotru Rajan , Jamarkattel Balkrishna 
Published: September 2013

This paper discusses the role of multi-stakeholder forums in improving the forestry sector governance in Nepal, drawing on the experience of authors and case studies from two districts, in the Central and Western Development Regions of Nepal. It shows that the District Forest Coordination Committee (DFCC) processes have augmented citizen participation in district-level forest-related decisions and enhanced the political acceptability and implementation effectiveness of such decisions. Evidence shows that DFCC processes have significantly improved forest governance in terms of key indicators such as transparency, accountability and effectiveness. Even during the conflict?hit environment of the recent past, the DFCC provided a deliberative forum for the stakeholders linked to various modalities of forest management, and hence serve as an institutional mechanism for deepening the process of democratisation at local level. From these findings, we argue that DFCCs have the potential to facilitate a learning process for sector-wide reform in forest governance. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2305 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.16-26
Democratising Terai Forestry Governance: Emerging Innovations in the Western Terai Region of Nepal
Authors: Jamarkattel Bal Krishna , Dhungana Sindhu Prasad , Baral Srijana , Rana Bishwas , Dhungana Hari 
Published: September 2013

The Government of Nepal has had a high interest in the Terai forest in order to harness its enormous revenue potential. However, the policies and plans formulated to this end have not attained the intended results, as these have failed to fully understand the emerging complexities in the Terai. Accordingly, policy response has often been ad hoc, inconsistent and unstable, leading to confusion and conflict on Terai forest management. Drawing on the cases of three districts of Lumbini zone in the Western Terai of Nepal, this paper discusses the forest management context of Nepal Terai, and identifies key innovations that have emerged at district and local levels. It argues that these innovations have the potential for a creative transformation of forest management planning process at district and local level, and for their wider replication and diffusion. This paper also discusses key issues that need further attention so as to maximise the impact of these innovations by putting them into practice. It highlights that emerging complexity of Nepal Terai requires much wider stakeholder engagement in order to facilitate forest management planning and implementation that benefit both the government and the people. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2306 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.27-38
Facilitating the Transition from Passive to Active Community Forest Management: Lessons from Rapti Zone, Nepal
Authors: Yadav NP , Yadav KP , Yadav Kamlesh K , Thapa Nirmal 
Published: September 2013

This paper demonstrates that a transition from passive to active management of community forest is possible by adopting joint learning processes among local forest user groups, forest officials and local non?governmental service providers. Such an approach has the potential to address several issues that underlie and characterise passive management namely: underutilisation of forest, protection oriented forest management, overstocked forest (dense) vis?a?vis deficit in supply of forest products, and poorly designed silvicultural practices. Passive management is attributed mainly to the poor planning of forest management, inadequate and restrictive forest inventory guidelines and limited recognition of the forest management knowledge of locally trained resource persons. We present evidence of the processes and outcomes of active management being promoted by Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) in Nepal. The transition to active forest management is demonstrated through an assessment of revisions made in the community forest Operational Plans (OP). Key revisions identified include, among others: defining objectives of forest management considering people's choices and locality factors, site?specific forest management treatments, development of product utilisation plans, provisions for Non?timber Forest Products (NTFPs) management and conservation of biodiversity and water resources. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2308 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.51-66
Improving Community-level Governance: Adaptive Learning and Action in Community Forest User Groups in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha RB , Shrestha Sohan L , Acharya Sudil G , Adhikari Shrikanta 
Published: September 2013

It is widely believed that Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E) can help community organisations improve their internal learning and governance. However, the processes of programme monitoring and evaluation as practised by many organisations lack the elements of community participation and ownership and the appreciation of its contribution to community learning. Wider lessons on participatory development demonstrate that only locallyinitiated and community?led monitoring can improve communities' performance and change their institutional practices. Drawing on the recent experience of Livelihoods and Forestry Programme (LFP), this paper makes the case for community?generated planning, selfmonitoring and evaluation for adaptive learning and good governance in Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) in Nepal. These processes, conceptualised as Adaptive Learning and Action (ALA), have enabled CFUGs to identify their vision, formulate activities to achieve the vision, and regularly monitor the progress against the identified indicators. The process has also enhanced transparency, participation and accountability in CFUG governance. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2309 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.67-77
Community Forestry and Local Development: Experiences from the Koshi Hills of Nepal
Authors: Chapagain Neeraj , Banjade Mani Ram 
Published: September 2013

Although community forestry is recognised as a successful programme in terms of rehabilitating forest condition, its contributions to local community development are not recognised adequately by the national policies, legislations and regulatory frameworks. Drawing on the results of a survey of 1100 Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs), a rapid social analysis of 24 CFUGs, and the review of local development practices in the Koshi Hills, this article claims that the organisational scope of CFUGs is not just limited to forestry activities but encompasses a wide range of development activities. The CFUG as a development institution provides opportunities for exercising political agency for democratic and equitable governance, and could demonstrate the innovations on poverty reduction through community forestry. This is demonstrated through a) significant CFUG investment in livelihoods/development sector outside of forest development, b) wide?ranging collaborative actions between CFUGs and nonforestry stakeholders, and c) innovative initiatives of poverty reduction, and inclusive and deliberative governance. The findings present a clear opportunity for development agencies and policy makers to promote CFUGs as the institutional platform for pro?poor local development. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2310 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.78-92
Maoist Conflict, Community Forestry and Livelihoods: Pro-poor Innovations in Forest Management in Nepal
Authors: Nirmal KBK , Shrestha Ravi K , Acharya Sudil G , Ansari Abdul S 
Published: September 2013

Violent conflicts are quite often perceived as a destructive and negative phenomenon, and there is little understanding of how they also offer opportunities for a positive change in the society. In particular, little is understood about how violent conflicts and development processes interact and create positive changes in local institutions and practices. This article focuses on such interactions observed amongst the Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) in the Koshi Hills of Nepal, as the Livelihoods and Forestry Programme (LFP) worked through the conflict period. It demonstrates that the Maoist conflict contributed in several ways to enhance the pro-poor outcomes of development actions. We show that the conflict helped empower the marginalised groups, improve their access to community resources, and bring about important changes within the local institutions and practices, contributing to equitable resource management. We suggest that there are positive sides of a violent conflict, where development interventions need to focus on. We also argue that development brings about equitable outcomes if it is complemented with local level advocacy in favour of the poor and marginalised groups. Full text is available at the ForestAction websiteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v8i2.2311 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 8(2) February 2009 pp.93-100
Antibacterial effect of fucoidan from Sargassum wightii against the chosen human bacterial pathogens
Authors: Marudhupandi Thangapandi , Kumar Thipparamalai Thangappan Ajith 
Published: September 2013

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial capability of fucoidan from Sargassum wightii against the chosen human bacterial pathogens. The major chemical constituents of the extracted fucoidan were analyzed by biochemical methods. It showed that the extracted fucoidan contains 52.86 ± 0.64% of fucose and 29.26 ± 0.83% of sulphate. The antibacterial efficacy was performed by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MBC) method. The maximum antibacterial activity 18.6 ± 0.32 mm was obtained for Vibrio cholera and the minimum activity 8.6 ± 0.26 mm was obtained for Salmonella typhi. Result of this manifested the considerable antibacterial potentiality of fucoidan against human bacterial pathogens. Toxicity of fucoidan was evaluated by brine shrimp toxicity assay. No toxic effect was observed in fucoidan. Our study concluded that fucoidan might be used as natural and safe antibiotics in curing many bacterial diseases. Further study is required to get the better understanding of mode of action of fucoidan against the bacterial pathogens.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i10.16408 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2013, 2(10): 156-158
Pharmacist interventions throughout care transitions: a review of current practices
Authors: Testman Julie A. , Teichman Anne E. , Cook Stephen J. , Kimble Angel , Riley Brittany L. , Robinson Jessica , Snodgrass Brittany 
Published: September 2013

Transitions of care occur each time a patient moves from one healthcare provider or care setting to another. Challenges that have been identified include: failure of the patient to keep appointments for outpatient chronic care; inability for smooth transfer of information between various healthcare providers; and failure to find appropriate placement for patients who can no longer manage independent living. As pharmacists representing an array of practice settings, these authors here present the models of contributions made by pharmacy services within such multifaceted approaches. An initial literature search was conducted using the National Library of Medicine via PubMed. Studies conducted in the United States that included at least one pharmacy service within the methods of intervention were selected for review. Where there are published findings from each setting, we include the measured impact, if reported. Although pharmacists represent the most skilled healthcare professionals in medication reconciliation and management, the best processes for tapping that expertise have yet to be fully elucidated. We present this review of current practices with the continued hope that the pharmacy profession will, not only continue to be the quiet patient advocate for best medication use, but also to open our minds to the need to measure, adjust, and measure again, the systems and processes we use to best integrate our knowledge for the overall benefit of the patient.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i10.16409 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2013, 2(10): 159-164
Formulation development and evaluation of voriconazole sustained release tablets
Authors: Rangasamy Manivannan , Palnati Venkata Krishna Reddy , Bandaru Lakshmi Narayana Rao 
Published: September 2013

The present study involves in the formulation and evaluation of sustained release tablets of Voriconazole (250mg). The objective of the present study was to formulate Voriconazole sustained release tablets by wet granulation method by using natural (Xanthan gum, Karaya gum) and semi synthetic polymers (HPMC K100M). Lactose was used as diluting agent, Magnesium stearate was used as a lubricant and Talc was used as a glident. These sustained release tablets can release the drug up to 12 hours in predetermined rate. The formulated powder blend was evaluated for bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and angle of repose. The formulated tablets were evaluated for physical characteristics of sustained release tablets such as thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content. The results of the formulations found to be within the limits specified in official books. The tablets were evaluated for In-vitro drug release studies by using USP type I dissolution test apparatus. The dissolution test was performed in 0.1 N HCL for 2 hr and phosphate buffer pH 6.8 for 10hrs. The in-vitro cumulative drug release profile of all formulations F1-F10 at 12 hours showed 84.25% to 99.82% drug release, respectively. From the data it was clear that by increasing the amount of polymer in the formulation the amount of drug release was decreased. Hence, Formulation F9 was the most promising formulation as it gives satisfactory release (99.82%) for 12 hours and F9 found to be the best formulation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i10.16410 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2013, 2(10): 165-169
Pyrethrin from Tanacetum cineriifoliun as repellent against mosquitoes
Authors: Amrutha Peneremmal , Priya Balakrishnan Sathya , Lakshmanasenthil Shanmugaasokan , Jenifer Antonythiraviam Anne , Pillai Laxmi Satheesh , Suja Gunasekaran , Vinothkumar Thirumalairaj 
Published: September 2013

The present study is conducted to find the efficacy of plant extracts to act as mosquito repellents. Initially, the larvicidal activity of the extracts and the toxicity study was conducted. From the results, the extracts with maximum larvicidal activity and the minimum toxicity were used for the further analysis. The least toxicity was observed with the ethanol extracts of Lantana camara, Tagetes erecta and Tanacetum cineriifolium. The Lanatana camara and Tanacetum cineriifolium showed the maximum larvicidal activity. The DNA sugar damage assay is performed and read at 532 nm. The hemolytic activity of the extract is conducted and the results indicate that the extracts showed no hemolytic activity at the concentration of 100 and 200mg/L. Only the flower extracts of Tagaetes erecta, Lantana camara and Tanacetum cineriifolium showed moderate hemolytic activity at 500 and 1000 mg/L. Finally, the HPLC analysis of the extracts showed that the ethanol extracts of Lantana camara and Tanacetum cineriifloium revealed the presence of marker compound. Therefore the ethanol extracts of Lantana camara and Tanacetum cineriifolium were taken up for the membrane stabilization assay. The skin irritation potential of the cream prepared using the ethanol extract of Tanacetum cineriifolium was analysed, the cream showed no irritation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i10.16411 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2013, 2(10): 170-176
Oral multiunit pellet extended release dosage form: A review
Authors: Sachdeva Vishal , Alam Md. Shoaib , Kumar Ramesh , Kataria Mahesh Kumar 
Published: September 2013

Oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for the various drug molecules among all other routes of drug delivery, because ease of administration which lead to better patient compliance. So, oral extended release drug delivery system becomes a very promising approach for those drugs that are given orally but having the shorter half-life and high dosing frequency. Recent trends indicate that multiparticulate drug delivery systems are especially suitable for achieving extended release oral formulations with low risk of dose dumping, flexibility of blending to attain different release patterns as well as reproducible and short gastric residence time. The release of drug from pellets depends on a variety of factors including the carrier used to form pellets and the amount of drug contained in them. Consequently, pellets provide tremendous opportunities for designing new controlled and extended release oral formulations, thus extending the frontier of future pharmaceutical development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i10.16413 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2013, 2(10): 177-184
Le mouvement des affaires dans l'hôtellerie au cours de l'été 1956 et les perspectives pour la saison d'hiver
Authors: Jankeliowitch R. 
Published: September 2013

Au point de vue de l'activité hôtelière la saison d'été 1956 a été presque équivalente à celle de 1955, en dépit du mauvais temps. L'afflux des touristes étrangers a même été plus important que l'an dernier, mais la durée des séjours tend à diminuer et la saison a été un peu écourtée, notamment sur les plages de la Manche et de l'Atlantique et dans les stations de montagne.
Pour la saison d'hiver 1956-1957, les hôteliers prévoient le plus souvent une activité du même ordre que l'année précédente.
Réflexions sur les mouvements de la circulation fiduciaire
Authors: Berger Pierre 
Published: September 2013

L'étude de la monnaie est un des éléments principaux de la conjoncture. Cependant, le dialogue entre conjoncturistes et financiers ou banquiers donne toujours une impression de malaise : les uns et les autres n'emploient pas le même langage ; plus exactement, ils ont une vision inverse de la réalité. Le conjoncturiste s'intéresse, avant tout, à une production ou à un flux de biens, le financier aux mouvements monétaires qui mesurent cette production mais s'effectuent en sens inverse. Ainsi en serait-il de deux personnes qui verraient un dessin de deux côtés différents d'une porte vitrée translucide.
Aussi, l'un des efforts le plus important du conjoncturiste, à l'heure actuelle, est d'essayer de comprendre les mouvements monétaires avec une mentalité de banquier. A cet effet, de simples mises au point — qui pourraient paraître descriptives — représentent en fait une étape de la recherche : c'est dans cet esprit que la revue Études et Conjoncture avait publié deux études précédentes de M. Raillon ; c'est dans la même ligne d'idée qu'elle présente aujourd'hui l'étude suivante de M. Berger.
J.D.