bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor-21 enhances mitochondrial functions and increases the activity of PGC-1α in human dopaminergic neurons via Sirtuin-1
Authors: Mäkelä Johanna , Tselykh Timofey V. , Maiorana Francesca , Eriksson Ove , Do Hai Thi , Mudò Giuseppa , Korhonen Laura T. , Belluardo Natale , Lindholm Dan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions accompany several neurodegenerative disorders and contribute to disease pathogenesis among others in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a major regulator of mitochondrial functions and biogenesis, and was suggested as a therapeutic target in PD. PGC-1α is regulated by both transcriptional and posttranslational events involving also the action of growth factors. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is a regulator of glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the body but little is known about its action in the brain. We show here that FGF21 increased the levels and activity of PGC-1α and elevated mitochondrial antioxidants in human dopaminergic cells in culture. The activation of PGC-1α by FGF21 occurred via the NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) subsequent to an increase in the enzyme, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). FGF21 also enhanced mitochondrial respiratory capacity in human dopaminergic neurons as shown in real-time analyses of living cells. FGF21 is present in the brain including midbrain and is expressed by glial cells in culture. These results show that FGF21 activates PGC-1α and increases mitochondrial efficacy in human dopaminergic neurons suggesting that FGF21 could potentially play a role in dopaminergic neuron viability and in PD.
Impact of anti-rheumatic treatment on immunogenicity of pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine in patients with arthritis
Authors: Kapetanovic Meliha C , Kristensen Lars-Erik , Saxne Tore , Aktas Teodora , Mörner Andreas , Geborek Pierre 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Introduction
An adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 influenza (pH1N1) vaccine (Pandemrix®) was reported as highly immunogenic resulting in seroconversion in 77 to 94% of adults after administration of a single dose. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of different anti-rheumatic treatments on antibody response to pH1N1 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondylarthropathy (SpA).

Methods
Patients with arthritis (n = 291; mean age 57 years, 64% women) participated. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed on blood samples drawn before and after a mean (SD) of 8.3 (4) months following vaccination. A positive immune response i.e. seroconversion was defined as negative prevaccination serum and postvaccination HI titer ≥40 or a ≥4-fold increase in HI titer. All patients were divided into predefined groups based on diagnosis (RA or SpA) and ongoing treatment: methotrexate (MTX), anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) as monotherapy, MTX combined with anti-TNF, other biologics (abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/analgesics. Predictors of positive immune response were studied using logistic regression analysis.

Results
The percentage of patients with positive immune response in the different treatment groups was: 1. RA on MTX 42%; 2. RA on anti-TNF monotherapy 53%; 3. RA on anti-TNF + MTX 43%; 4. RA on other biologics (abatacept 20%, rituximab 10% and tocilizumab 50%); 5. SpA on anti-TNF monotherapy 76%; 6. SpA on anti-TNF + MTX 47%; and 7. SpA on NSAIDs/analgesics 59%. RA patients on rituximab had significantly lower (P < 0.001) and SpA on anti-TNF monotherapy significantly better response rates compared to other treatment groups (P 0.001 to 0.033). Higher age (P < 0.001) predicted impaired immune response. Antibody titers 3 to 6 months after vaccination was generally lower compared to those within the first 3 months but no further decrease in titers were observed 6 to 22 months after vaccination.

Conclusions
Rituximab treatment severely reduced antibody response to pH1N1 influenza vaccine. The other treatment groups showed acceptable antibody responses. Protective antibody titers could be detected up to 22 months after vaccination in the current patient population, with the exception of rituximab treated patients.
Developing tomorrow's antipsychotics: the need for a more personalised approach
Authors: Hunter Robert 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThere has been little pharmacological advance in the treatment of schizophrenia since the introduction of chlorpromazine in the 1950s. This may be set to change as recent advances in molecular biology offer the prospect of a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder and allow investigation of the complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. In this review I discuss future approaches to antipsychotic drug development, highlighting the need to better define symptom areas and develop drugs based on an understanding of neurobiological mechanisms. The development of biomarkers has the potential in future to improve differential diagnosis and help predict response to treatment. These developments herald the possibility of a more integrated drug discovery approach and the subsequent provision of more stratified healthcare, and hopefully significant improvements in patient care and improved long-term outcomes.
How psychiatrists can engage with the media
Authors: Bithell Claire 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe media offers opportunities for psychiatrists to communicate with a wide and varied audience, thereby influencing the views of the public and policy makers on mental health issues. There are many different types of media outlet, including daily news media, documentary makers, specialist media, features and comment, and new media. The Science Media Centre is an independent press office that aims to help ensure that the views of scientists, clinicians and researchers are heard in the UK national news media when their area of expertise hits the headlines. In the news media, journalists work to tight time frames and often focus on sensational and controversial topics, presenting challenges for those wanting to engage. For experts to work effectively with the news media it helps to understand more about the way the media works and how to develop necessary skills. Psychiatrists who do work successfully with the media can help ensure that the public receive accurate information about mental health problems, and gain an appreciation of the importance of research in the field and a better understanding of the role of the psychiatrist.
Becoming a recovery-oriented practitioner
Authors: Roberts Glenn , Boardman Jed 
Published: January 2014

SummaryProfessional practice explicitly focused on supporting the recovery of those it serves is broadly backed by an emerging profile of necessary knowledge, key skills and innovative collaborations, although there is no universally accepted practice ‘model’. This article outlines these components and discusses the associated need for change in the culture of provider organisations along with implementation of wider social and economic policies to support peoples' recovery and social inclusion. This is a values-led approach supported by persuasive advocacy and international endorsement but still in need of further development, systematic evaluation and confirmatory evidence.
Working Harder or Hardly Working? Posting Performance Eliminates Social Loafing and Promotes Social Laboring in Workgroups
Authors: Lount Robert B. , Wilk Steffanie L. 
Published: January 2014

The current paper examines how posting performance—an act that triggers increased social comparisons between workers—influences employees' motivation when working in groups. In the study, posting employee performance moderated the relationship between groupwork and employee motivation. When individual performance was publicly posted in the workplace, employees working in a group performed better than when working alone (i.e., social laboring); however, when individual performance was not posted, employees working in a group performed worse than when working alone (i.e., social loafing). The findings shed light on how social comparisons can have positive implications for employee performance in groups. This paper was accepted by Jesper Sørensen, organizations.
China’s reception of Michelangelo Antonioni’s Chung Kuo
Authors: Liu Xin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In 1972, during the Chinese Cultural Revolution, Michelangelo Antonioni was invited by Chinese government to document the New China. After three weeks of filming, Antonioni edited the footage into a three and a half hour documentary entitled Chung Kuo/China (1972). However, this film was banned in 1974 by the Chinese government, and Antonioni became target of a massive criticism campaign in China. Only as late as 2004 was the ban lifted and the documentary finally shown at Beijing Film Academy. This article is conceived as a measured methodological intervention into China’s reception of Antonioni’s Chung Kuo. I examine the social and historical contexts of China’s reception of the film, attempting to reveal the complex motivations behind China’s reactions in different periods. The first section analyses the international tensions that China was facing in 1970s. The second section describes the domestic social and political environment in which the criticism against Antonioni was initiated. The third section addresses Chinese audiences’ responses to Chung Kuo after the Cultural Revolution, while the fourth section outlines a series of Chinese multi-media artworks inspired by Chung Kuo.
Muslim and secular: Performing ‘Muslim exemplarity’ and public debates on Islam in France
Authors: Kiwan Nadia 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The place of Islam and Muslims in contemporary France has occupied the public sphere for well over two decades now, taking the form of a series of well-documented confrontations over the visibility of ‘Islamic’ symbols in schools and the public sphere. What generally attracts less scrutiny is the concurrent emergence of a number of organizations that define themselves as being simultaneously Muslim and secular. This article explores the phenomenon of secular Muslim organizations in France by posing a series of questions that highlight the paradoxical position that these groupings can find themselves in. One key aspect of the dilemma is illustrated by the curious nature of the musulman laïque (secular) label, which hints at an anxiety amongst these French Muslims to prove themselves as ‘exemplary citizens’. This article argues that an unintended consequence of such a public stance is that religion becomes the main identifier for this population, and instead of transcending religious belonging through secularism secular Muslim organizations illustrate the ways in which tensions between secularism and Islam magnify Muslim affiliation in France.
The Effect of College Applications on Enrollment
Authors: Smith Jonathan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article investigates determinants of the number of four-year colleges to which students apply and how the number of applications affects their probabilities of enrollment. To estimate the effect on enrollment, I use a novel instrument: the adoption rate of the Common Application near a student’s home. I find that applying to one additional college increases students’ likelihood of enrollment, but only for those applying to very few colleges. Going from one to two applications and two to three applications increases students’ probabilities of enrollment by 40% and 10%, respectively. This is partially due to the increase in the probability of being accepted to some college but also due to the increase in the probability of choosing to enroll, conditional on being accepted.
In Whom We Trust: The Role of Certification Agencies in Online Drug Markets
Authors: Bate Roger , Jin Ginger Zhe , Mathur Aparna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article uses an audit sample and a consumer survey to study the intriguing market of online prescription drugs facing US customers and assesses the role that certification agencies play in online drug markets.
On the supply side, we acquire samples of five popular brand-name prescription drugs from three types of online pharmacies: tier 1 are US-based and certified by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) or LegitScript.com, tier 2 are certified by PharmacyChecker.com or the Canadian International Pharmacy Association but not by NABP or LegitScript, and tier 3 are not certified by any of the four agencies. Most tier-2 and tier-3 websites are foreign. We find that 37 of the 365 delivered samples are different from the products we ordered and, therefore, non-testable. Conditional on testable samples, Raman spectrometry test finds no failure of authenticity except for eight Viagra samples from tier-3 websites. After controlling for testability and authenticity, tier-2 websites are 49.2% cheaper (p<0.01) and tier-3 websites are 54.8% cheaper (p < 0.01) than tier-1 sites. These differences are driven by non-Viagra drugs. For Viagra, failing samples are cheaper, but there is no significant price difference across tiers once we condition on testability and authenticity.
To study the demand side, we designed a survey that was distributed by RxRights. Among the 2,522 respondents who have purchased prescription medication and are concerned about the price of US pharmaceuticals, results show that 61.54% purchase drugs online and mostly from foreign websites, citing cost saving as the leading reason. Conditional on shopping online, 41.11% check with a credentialing agency.
Both samples convey a consistent message that certification agencies deliver useful information for foreign websites and online consumers. Further, while these findings confirm the Food and Drug Administration warning against rogue websites, they do suggest that a blanket ban against all foreign websites may deny consumers substantial savings from certified tier-2 websites.
Chaos-based Color Image Encryption Using One-time Keys and Choquet Fuzzy Integral
Authors: Liu Hongjun , Wang Xingyuan , Kadir Abdurahman 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper proposes a chaos-based color image encryption scheme using one-time keys and Choquet fuzzy integral (CFI). The major core of the encryption algorithm is a pseudo-random number generator based on the CFI, and the key is plain-image dependent. Before encrypting the color image, the hash function is applied to generate the 256-bit key, and the hyper chaotic Qi system is iterated for limited times to generate the initial parameters sequences for the CFI. The outputs of the CFI are employed to confuse and diffuse the red, green and blue components for the image respectively. Experiment results and security analysis show that the scheme not only can achieve good encryption result and large key space, but also can resist against common attacks, so the scheme is reliable to be adopted for image encryption in secure communications.
Postoperative Pain Management in Children, Parental English Proficiency, and Access to Interpretation
Authors: Jimenez Nathalia , Jackson Douglass L. , Zhou Chuan , Ayala Nelly C. , Ebel Beth E. 
Published: January 2014

Background and Objective:
Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) are at risk for undertreated pain. The goal of this study was to examine the association between parental language proficiency, interpreted care, and postsurgical pediatric pain management.

Methods:
This was a retrospective matched cohort study among children &lt;18 years of age. Children of LEP and English-proficient (EP) parents were matched according to age group, surgical procedure, and admission date. Mean number of daily pain assessments and mean daily pain scores were compared between language groups. We also compared the association between pain scores and type of medication given (opioid versus nonopioid). Within the LEP group, similar analyses compared pain assessment and treatment of children whose families received ≥2 professional interpretations per day versus those who received lower rates of interpretation.

Results:
A total of 474 children (237 LEP and 237 EP) were included in the study. Children of LEP parents had fewer pain assessments (mean: 7 [95% confidence interval: 2–13] vs 9 [95% confidence interval: 4–15]; P = .012), and higher levels of pain recorded before receiving opioid analgesics, compared with children of EP parents (P = .003). Within the LEP group, children with ≥2 interpretations per day had lower pain scores after medication administration (P &lt; .05) and were more likely to receive opioids at pain levels similar to those of EP families.

Conclusions:
Children of LEP parents received fewer pain assessments and were less likely to receive opioid analgesics for similar levels of pain compared with children of EP parents. More frequent use of professional interpreters when assessing pain may aid in reducing the gap in pain management between LEP and EP pediatric patients.
Arrayed ZnO Nanorods Fabrication on ZnO Film by Self-catalyst Growth Method in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pradeep E. K.C. , Li X. , Kawaharamura T. , Wang D. , Hatta A. , Li C. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTZnO nanorods were grown up from as-deposited ZnO film on which the zinc self-catalysts generated by a novel reducing method. Well aligned ZnO nanorods with a uniform high aspect ratio were grown up on multi-annealed samples. The length of nanorods depended significantly on the reaction time in the hydrothermal synthesis.
Revision ofVesiculentomon, Nosekientomonn. g. (Protura: Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae), and a Key to Genera of Nipponentominae
Authors: Shrubovych Julia , Rusek Josef , Bernard Ernest C 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBased on recent reexamination of types, Vesiculentomon rusekiNosek, 1977, differs significantly from Vesiculentomon marshalliRusek, 1974, in composition and shape of maxillary gland, number of anterior setae on metanotum, and shape of foretarsal sensillum t1. A new genus Nosekientomon is erected for V. ruseki. Nosekientomon n. gen. is characterized by three pairs of anterior setae on the metanotum, claviform foretarsal sensillum t1, and a smooth globular vesicle on the calyx of the maxillary gland. Vesiculentomon Rusek has four pairs of anterior setae on the metanotum, baculiform foretarsal sensillum t1, and a large vesicle near the calyx with dense granulation along its narrow proximal part. The original descriptions are corrected and supplemented with new characters, including head chaetotaxy, setal lengths, and porotaxy. A key to world genera of Nipponentominae is provided.
Epidermis Associated with Wax Secretion in theHarpactor angulosus(Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Pikart Tiago G , Souza Gabriely K , Ribeiro Rafael C , Zanuncio José C , Serrão José E 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBeginning at the third instar, the generalist predator Harpactor angulosus (Lepeletier & Serville) (Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) appears gray in color because of the presence of a whitish particulate wax-like material covering all body segments. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that epidermal cells are responsible for the secretion of the wax-like substance onto the cuticle of H. angulosus. The integument of third instar to the adults of H. angulosus have no external structures specialized in wax secretion, as the wax particles are deposited in a filamentous manner. Third to fourth instars and adult stages have a single-layered epidermis composed of columnar cells. In contrast, lack of wax deposit on the body surface of first and second instars is associated with flattened epidermal cells. The columnar epidermal cells are characterized by a well-developed nucleus, basal cell surface with large infoldings, and a cytoplasm rich in vacuoles. These vacuoles are negative for the presence of carbohydrates and proteins, but strongly positive for the presence of lipids. The structural features of the epidermis and the presence of lipid droplets suggest that lipid metabolism is active within the epidermis from the third instar to the adult of H. angulosus. This is the first record of a glandular epidermis associated with wax secretions in Reduviidae.
Models for Assessing the Male Annihilation ofBactroceraspp. with Methyl Eugenol Baits
Authors: Barclay Hugh J , Hendrichs Jorge 
Published: January 2014

AbstractModels were presented that describe the attraction and killing at toxic baits or traps of adult males and females of an insect pest species. These models were used to test the effects of the following factors on ease of control: female monogamy versus polygamy, attraction of only males versus both sexes, initiating mating before versus after responding to baits/traps, the ability of males to mate many times each day versus only once per day, and the existence of a time lag of several days before females can mate versus mating immediately after emergence. The models indicated that mating before trapping or the ability of males to mate many times each day will probably render this control method ineffective. The other factors tested (mating habit and specifics of attraction) had little effect on the efÞciency of trapping males as a control method. We then included age structure and a refractory period for virgin females before they can mate. The models were then made specific to Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) by using parameter values derived from the literature. The results of the models imply that the attraction and killing of large numbers of males is rather ineffective to suppress populations. However, the combination of attracting both males and females can be more effective than attracting either sex alone. The increased attraction of females to methyl eugenol baits that has been observed with the declining presence of males during Male Annihilation Technique campaigns may explain the reported effectiveness against invasive Bactrocera pest species.
Instar Numbers, Development, Flight Period, and Fecundity of Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in China
Authors: Liu Zhudong , Xu Bingbing , Sun Jianghua 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is one of the most destructive invasive forest pests in China. Little is known about the biological characteristics of red turpentine beetle. Analysis of the frequency distribution has shown that red turpentine beetle's larvae have five instars with head capsule width 0.64, 0.83, 1.16, 1.45, and 1.99 mm, respectively. The ratio of increase of head capsule width is 1.33, which is consistent with Dyar's rule. The duration of egg, larval, and pupal is ≈10,84, and 10 d, respectively. After its emergence, the callow adult darkens to the typical reddish brown by the time it is ready to leave the tree; beetles begin to "fly out” at the 10th day and continue for 20 d, with the peak flight taking place on the 21st day. Pairs of red turpentine beetles introduced into pine bolts produced 106 offspring. Such basic information is important for developing management strategies to combat this invasive bark beetle in China.