bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing formative classroom assessment to schools and making it count
Authors: W. Gordon Edmund , V. McGill Michael , Iceman Sands Deanna , M. Kalinich Kelley , W. Pellegrino James , Chatterji Madhabi 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to present alternative views on the theory and practice offormative assessment (FA), or assessment to support teaching and learning in classrooms, with the purpose of highlighting its value in education and informing discussions on educational assessment policy.Methodology/approach– The method used is a “moderated policy discussion”. The six invited commentaries on the theme represent perspectives of leading scholars and measurement experts juxtaposed against voices of prominent school district leaders from two education systems in the USA. The discussion is moderated with introductory and concluding remarks from the guest editor and is excerpted from a recent blog published byEducation Week. References and author biographies are presented at the end of the article.Findings– While current assessment policies in the USA push for greater accountability in schools by increasing large scale testing of students, the authors underscore the importance of FA integrated with classroom teaching and learning. They define what formative classroom assessment means in theory and in practice, consider barriers to more widespread use of FA practices and address what educational policy makers could do to facilitate a FA “work culture” in schools.Originality/value– The commentators, representing scholar and practitioner perspectives, examine the problem in a multi-faceted manner and offer research-based, practical and policy solutions to the observed issues in FA. Dialogue among stakeholders, as presented here, is a key first step in enacting assessment reforms in the directions discussed.
The production-based PhD: an action research model for supervisors
Authors: Phillips Gail 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to demonstrate how action research methodologies can help to define and clarify the pedagogical role of the supervisor in production-based research (PBR). A major challenge in supervising practice-related research is trying to disentangle and articulate the theory embedded within practical projects. In journalism, which is still a relatively new discipline in academe, supervisors and students are often operating in under-theorised areas with no pre-existing theoretical roadmap. Action research has shown itself to be a useful methodology for structuring and explaining practice-related research, which in journalism would encompass PBR in the field. This paper shows how the action research paradigm is equally useful in describing and clarifying the supervisor’s role in these sorts of projects.Design/methodology/approach– The paper looks first at practice-related research and the main challenges for candidates and supervisors in trying to align PBR with academic paradigms. Using examples from the author’s experience in supervising journalism research, it then illustrates how the main supervision tasks of project management, research mentoring and the writing-up process fit into the action research model.Findings– In reflecting on the dynamics between candidates and supervisors in PBR, this paper shows how supervision of production-based PhDs is a dynamic research process in itself, presenting opportunities for pedagogical reflection.Originality/value– The paper helps to clarify the role of the supervisor in this specialist research area which is still trying to establish itself within academe. It provides one way for supervisors to conceptualise their experiences and so contribute to a corpus of knowledge on which others can draw and build. By showing how the action research methodology applies to the supervision process in production-based research (PBR), this paper articulates a way for supervisors to understand and manage their role in this still-evolving research area. Building on previous scholarship and applying this knowledge to journalism production, the paper shows how action research may provide a way of addressing many of the issues and dilemmas others have encountered and identified in their pedagogical practice.
Bank officers’ perceptions and uses of qualified audit reports
Authors: Sormunen Nina 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to provide insights into the perceptions and uses of qualified audit reports in financial statements of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As there is a long-standing debate on the usefulness of auditor’s going-concern reports, this study aims to provide insights into the factors that affect how banks perceive and use going-concern reports.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semi-structured interviews with bank officers were conducted.

Findings
– The study findings demonstrated that bank officers considered that the going-concern report provided information, although they did not regard the information as being particularly useful. The main factors affecting the usefulness of information are use of other information sources and bank officers’ perceptions of auditing. Other factors are also presented and discussed in the current research paper.

Practical implications
– Regulators have taken the action to improve the auditor’s reporting model, and the findings provided by this study are important because they provide a deeper understanding of the perceptions and uses of audit reports from smaller companies. The study also contributes knowledge about the role of audit reports in the context of SMEs finance.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first studies to use a qualitative approach to examine factors that affect the use of going-concern reports.
Creditable behaviour? The intra-firm management of trade credit
Authors: Boden Rebecca , Yassia Paul Salima 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore the reasons for the apparent failure of many UK firms to achieve the competitive advantages indicated in largely positivist literature through the management of their trade credit positions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper utilises data from a set of semi-structured interviews with trade credit managers in firms and is the first substantial qualitative study of the intra-firm aspects of trade credit management in the UK. Through this approach, we explore the reasons why the theoretical promise of trade credit may or may not be realised.

Findings
– The principal findings relate to the importance of three organisational attributes (skills/awareness, communication and structural position of the activity in the firm). That is, trade credit management should be regarded as a relational activity and not merely a narrow technical function. The paper finds that there is no generic formulation of these attributes that can deliver on the promise of trade credit identified in the extant literature. Rather, individual firms must adapt themselves to suit their circumstances.

Practical implications
– This paper will be of interest to and is relevant for companies, accounting professionals and policymakers. Trade credit represents a significant area of commercial risk, and the problems experienced with its effective management have previously proved somewhat intractable.

Originality/value
– This paper reports on the first substantial piece of UK work to look at the actualities of how trade credit is managed within firms and what the implications of this are.
Spirituality and learning disability: a review of UK Government guidance
Authors: Nonye Sango Precious , Forrester-Jones Rachel 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– Despite spirituality being a key aspect of quality of life, it appears to remain a low-priority area for social and health care government policy. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe what, if at all, UK policy says about spirituality in relation to the care of people with learning disabilities (LD).

Design/methodology/approach
– A systematic policy review using three government databases: legislation.gov.uk; Department of Health and Directgov (now known as gov.uk) was carried out.

Findings
– The review identified policy gaps and a general lack of government directives in relation to the spiritual care of people with LD. Whilst research in this area is gathering momentum, practical implementation which makes a real difference to the spiritual experiences of people with LD appears to be sparse.

Originality/value
– To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic policy review on this subject area, highlighting the need for spirituality to become a more supported aspect of social care within LD services.
Private lives, public policy – a commentary on “Spirituality and learning disability: a review of UK Government guidance”
Authors: Camden-Smith Claudia 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on “Spirituality and learning disability: a review of UK Government guidance” by Sango and Forrester-Jones.

Design/methodology/approach
– The commentary examines the interplay between spirituality and health care in caring for people with a learning disability from a personal perspective and considers the reasons why healthcare professionals and caregivers may not facilitate expression of spirituality in this group.

Findings
– Carers with a religious affiliation of their own are more likely to engage people with learning disability in exploration of religion and spirituality than those with no religious affiliation. Although government policy in this area is limited, spirituality is an integral part of holistic care and should be addressed by all healthcare professionals and paid carers.

Originality/value
– This paper explores reasons why carers may find it hard to talk about spirituality and provides guidance and resources for talking about spirituality to people with learning disability.
Access to cancer screening by people with learning disabilities in England 2012/13: information from the Joint Health and Social Care Assessment Framework
Authors: Glover Gyles , Christie Anna , Hatton Chris 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present information from the Joint Health and Social Care Self-Assessment Framework (JHSCSAF) on reported rates of cervical cancer, breast cancer and bowel cancer screening for eligible people with learning disabilities in England in 2012/2013 compared to screening rates for the general population.Design/methodology/approach– Between 94 and 101 Learning Disability Partnership Boards, as part of the JHSCSAF, provided information to allow the calculation of rates of cervical cancer, breast cancer and bowel cancer screening in their locality, for eligible people with learning disabilities and for the population as a whole.Findings– At a national level, reported cancer screening coverage for eligible people with learning disabilities was substantially lower than for the population as a whole (cervical cancer screening 27.6 per cent of people with learning disabilities vs 70 per cent of total population; breast cancer screening 36.8 per cent of people with learning disabilities vs 57.8 per cent of total population; bowel cancer screening 28.1 per cent of people with learning disabilities vs 40.5 per cent of the general population). There were considerable geographical variations in reported coverage for all three screening programmes.Originality/value– Consistent with previous research, localities in England report cancer screening rates for eligible people with learning disabilities considerably below those of the general population. There is an urgent need to address data availability and quality issues, as well as reasonable adjustments to cancer screening programmes to ensure uniformly high rates of cancer screening for people with learning disabilities across England.
Linking niche theory to ecological impacts of successful invaders: insights from resource fluctuation‐specialist herbivore interactions
Authors: Gidoin Cindy , Roques Lionel , Boivin Thomas 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Theories of species coexistence and invasion ecology are fundamentally connected and provide a common theoretical framework for studying the mechanisms underlying successful invasions and their ecological impacts. Temporal fluctuations in resource availability and differences in life‐history traits between invasive and resident species are considered as likely drivers of the dynamics of invaded communities. Current critical issues in invasion ecology thus relate to the extent to which such mechanisms influence coexistence between invasive and resident species and to the ability of resident species to persist in an invasive‐dominated ecosystem.

We tested how a fluctuating resource, and species trait differences may explain and help predict long‐term impacts of biological invasions in forest specialist insect communities. We used a simple invasion system comprising closely related invasive and resident seed‐specialized wasps (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) competing for a well‐known fluctuating resource and displaying divergent diapause, reproductive and phenological traits.

Based on extensive long‐term field observations (1977–2010), we developed a combination of mechanistic and statistical models aiming to (i) obtain a realistic description of the population dynamics of these interacting species over time, and (ii) clarify the respective contributions of fluctuation‐dependent and fluctuation‐independent mechanisms to long‐term impact of invasion on the population dynamics of the resident wasp species.

We showed that a fluctuation‐dependent mechanism was unable to promote coexistence of the resident and invasive species. Earlier phenology of the invasive species was the main driver of invasion success, enabling the invader to exploit an empty niche. Phenology also had the greatest power to explain the long‐term negative impact of the invasive on the resident species, through resource pre‐emption.

This study provides strong support for the critical role of species differences in interspecific competition outcomes within animal communities. Our mechanistic‐statistical approach disentangles the critical drivers of novel species assemblages resulting from intentional and non‐intentional introductions of non‐native species.
Unveiling equal importance of two 14‐3‐3 proteins for morphogenesis, conidiation, stress tolerance and virulence of an insect pathogen
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Jin‐Gen , Ying Sheng‐Hua , Wang Juan‐Juan , Sun Wen‐Liang , Tian Chao‐Guang , Feng Ming‐Guang 
Published: October 2014

SummaryTwo conserved 14‐3‐3 proteins orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bmh1/2 are poorly understood in filamentous fungi. Here we show that Bmh1 and Bmh2 contribute equally to the fundamental biology and physiology of Beauveria bassiana by targeting many sets of proteins/enzymes. Single Bmh deletion caused similar upregulation of another. Excellent knockdown (∼91%) expressions of Bmh1 in ΔBmh2 and Bmh2 in ΔBmh1 resulted in equally more severe multiphenotypic defects than the single deletions, including G2/M transition, blastospore size, carbon/nitrogen utilization, conidiation, germination and conidial tolerances to high osmolarity, oxidation, cell wall stress, high temperature and UV‐B irradiation. All the deletion and deletion/knockdown mutants showed similar defects in blastospore yield and density, hyphal septation and cell size, hyphal responses to most chemical stresses and virulence. All the defects were evident with altered transcripts of phenotype‐related genes and well restored by each Bmh complementation. Our Bmh1‐ and Bmh2‐specific transcriptomes generated under osmotic and oxidative stresses revealed up to 6% genes differentially expressed by at least twofold in the fungal genome. Many of those were greatly depressed or co‐depressed in ΔBmh1 and ΔBmh2. Our findings provide a thorough insight into the functions and complementary effects of the two 14‐3‐3 proteins in the filamentous entomopathogen.
Good on paper: the gap between programme theory and real‐world context in Pakistan's Community Midwife programme
Authors: Mumtaz Z , Levay A , Bhatti A , Salway S 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo understand why skilled birth attendance—an acknowledged strategy for reducing maternal deaths—has been effective in some settings but is failing in Pakistan and to demonstrate the value of a theory‐driven approach to evaluating implementation of maternal healthcare interventions.DesignImplementation research was conducted using an institutional ethnographic approach.Setting and populationNational programme and local community levels in Pakistan.MethodsObservations, focus group discussions, and in‐depth interviews were conducted with 38 Community Midwives (CMWs), 20 policymakers, 45 healthcare providers and 136 community members. A critical policy document review was conducted. National and local level data were brought together.Main outcomesAlignment of programme theory with real‐world practice.ResultsData revealed gaps between programme theory, assumptions and reality on the ground. The design of the programme failed to take into account: (1) the incongruity between the role of a midwife and dominant class and gendered norms that devalue such a role; (2) market and consumer behaviour that prevented CMWs from establishing private practices; (3) the complexity of public–private sector cooperation. Uniform deployment policies failed to consider existing provider density and geography.ConclusionsGreater attention to programme theory and the ‘real‐world’ setting during design of maternal health strategies is needed to achieve consistent results in different contexts.
Metabolic syndrome after pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia or small‐for‐gestational‐age: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Al‐Nasiry S , Ghossein‐Doha C , Polman SEJ , Lemmens S , Scholten RR , Heidema WM , Spaan JJ , Spaanderman MEA 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women after a pregnancy complicated by pre‐eclampsia or small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA), both epitomes of placental syndrome.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary centre for maternal medicine in the Netherlands.PopulationWomen with a history of pre‐eclampsia in absence of SGA (n = 742) or pregnancy complicated by normotensive SGA (n = 147) between 1996 and 2010.MethodsWomen were routinely screened for underlying cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk factors at least 6 months postpartum. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio for each group. Adjustments were made for age, maternal height, smoking, parity, and interval between delivery and measurement.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of the metabolic syndrome.ResultsThe prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in our population was two‐fold higher for women with a history of pre‐eclampsia (13.9%) compared with women with a history of SGA (7.6%). Calculated odds ratios for metabolic syndrome, fasting insulin, HOMA, and microalbuminuria were all higher for women with a history of pre‐eclampsia compared with women with SGA. This difference persisted after adjustment for confounding factors: metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.00–4.47) and hyperinsulinaemia (aOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.13–2.81) insulin resistance (HOMAIR; aOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.14–2.86). Microalbuminuria (aOR 1.58; 95% CI 0.85–2.93) did not reach the level of significance after adjustment for confounding factors.ConclusionsA history of pre‐eclampsia, rather than SGA, was associated with metabolic syndrome, suggesting that it relates to maternal rather than fetal etiology of placental syndrome.
Corporate governance and the informativeness of disclosures in Australia: a re‐examination
Authors: Beekes Wendy , Brown Philip , Zhang Qiyu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe re‐examine the association between corporate governance and disclosures reported by Beekes and Brown (2006), using an extended time series of Australian data. Since the ASX corporate governance guidelines were introduced in 2003, firms generally have increased their disclosure frequency and demonstrated an improvement in the timeliness of bad news relative to good news, indicating a levelling of disclosure practices and greater transparency. Better governed firms have become more cautious in their disclosure practices. However, they continue to be more balanced with respect to good and bad news timeliness. Changes to disclosure laws have also influenced company practices.
Information Asymmetry, Corporate Governance, and Shareholder Wealth: Evidence from Unfaithful Disclosures of Korean Listed Firms
Authors: Han Seung Hun , Kim Minhee , Lee Duk Hee , Lee Sangwon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this study, we investigate firms that the Korea Exchange claims have made unfaithful disclosures. We find that such firms experience significantly negative stock price returns, suggesting that their managements exploit the information asymmetry involved in unfaithful disclosures to expropriate shareholder wealth. Our evidence shows that firms with higher management ownership experience a smaller decline in stock returns following notices of unfaithfulness, implying that corporate governance could improve the overall information environment and thus eventually help mitigate the information asymmetry associated with investors’ lack of timely and correct information. An evaluation of idiosyncratic volatility, a direct measurement of information asymmetry, confirms our results.
The Volatility Dynamics of the Greater China Stock Markets
Authors: Hong Min‐Goo , Yoon Byung‐Jo , Chang Kook‐Hyun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper examines whether the stock markets of Greater China (i.e., those in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia) have factors in common with stock markets in Mainland China. We use the Dynamic Linear Latent Factor Model to verify the common existence of heteroscedasticity and systematic jump risk in the Greater China stock markets. Using data from a sample of Greater China stock markets from 2001 to 2012, this paper finds that the Greater China stock markets have both GARCH effects and the systematic jump risk in common. Jump risk occurs every 0.86 trading day in the Greater China stock markets. Approximately 26% of the common factors of the Greater China stock market can be explained by the risk of the Mainland China stock market. More specifically, the common factors of the Greater China stock markets are related more closely to the A‐share market than the B‐share market. Finally, a substantial number of the common factors of the Greater China stock markets can be explained by the risk of the U.S. stock market. The effect of the U.S. stock market is dominant over that of Mainland China during the sample period, but Mainland China has been a significant factor since March 2007.
Informing learning design with learning analytics to improve teacher inquiry
Authors: Persico Donatella , Pozzi Francesca 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes an analysis of current research in learning design (LD), a field aiming to improve the quality of educational interventions by supporting their design and fostering the sharing and reuse of innovative practices among educators. This research area, at the moment, focuses on three main strands: the representations that can be used as a common language to communicate about pedagogical plans and other half‐fabricates of the design process, the methodological approaches to LD and the tools that support the LD process. For each of the three strands, the current landscape is discussed, pointing at open issues and indicating future research perspectives, with particular attention to the contribution that learning analytics can make to transform LD from a craft, based on experience, intuition and tacit knowledge, into a mature research area, grounded on data concerning the learning process and hence supporting enquiry while teachers design, run and evaluate the learning process.