bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology and microstructure of core-shell GaAs/GaxAl1-xAs nanowires investigated by He-ion microscopy and X-ray reciprocal space mapping
Authors: Re Marilena , Di Benedetto Francesca , Pesce Emanuela , Miccoli Ilio , Prete Paola , Lovergine Nicola , Tapfer Leander 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work we present new results on the morphological and microstructural properties of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs (x≈0.24) core-shell nanowires (NWs) epitaxially grown on (111)B-GaAs substrates by Au-catalyst assisted metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Optimized growth conditions allowed us to fabricate highly-dense arrays of vertically-aligned (i.e., along the <111> crystallographic orientation) NWs. The NW arrays were investigated by Helium Ion microscopy (HeIM) and X-ray double- and triple-axis measurements and reciprocal space mapping (RSM). We demonstrate that these techniques can be employed in order to correlate some intrinsically local morphological information with statistically relevant (i.e. averaged over millions-to-billions of NWs) data on the NW structural properties.
Three-dimensional morphological variability of Recent rhynchonellide brachiopod crura
Authors: Schreiber Holly A. , Roopnarine Peter D. , Carlson Sandra J. 
Published: July 2014

Crura, the calcareous support structures of the lophophore in rhynchonellide brachiopods, have historically been used to justify higher-level rhynchonellide classification and reveal major evolutionary lineages within rhynchonellides. Seventeen crural types have been described and categorized into four groups based on variation in overall structure and cross-sectional shape, but not evaluated in a quantitative or comprehensive manner. Heterochrony has been hypothesized to play a role in the evolutionary transitions among some types, but the structural, developmental, and phylogenetic context for testing these hypotheses has not yet been established. In this study, we use three-dimensional geometric morphometric techniques to quantify morphological disparity among all six crural morphs in Recent adult rhynchonellides, with the goal of delineating more objective criteria for identifying and comparing crural morphs, ultimately to test hypotheses explaining morphological transformations in ontogeny and phylogeny. We imaged the crura of seven Recent rhynchonellide species, using X-ray computed microtomography. We used landmarks and semi-landmarks to define the dimensions and curvature of the crura and the surrounding hinge area. Procrustes-standardized landmark coordinates were analyzed using a principal component analysis to test the discreteness of the individual crural morphs and named groups of morphs, and to identify features that vary most among the crural configurations.Our results demonstrate that microCT imaging techniques provide novel ways to investigate the morphology of small features that may be otherwise impossible to quantify using more conventional imaging techniques. Although we predicted overlap among crural morphs in the 3-D shape space, the principal component analyses suggest that five of the six crural morphs differ distinctly from one another. Some but not all previously designated crural groups appear to exhibit morphological cohesion. This study establishes a quantitative morphological foundation necessary to begin an investigation of the phylogenetic significance of ontogenetic changes in crura, which will allow hypotheses of heterochrony to be tested.
Salivary Biomarkers in a Biofilm Overgrowth Model
Authors: Morelli Thiago , Stella Michael , Barros Silvana P. , Marchesan Julie T. , Moss Kevin L. , Kim Steven J. , Yu Ning , Aspiras Marcelo B. , Ward Marilyn , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: July 2014

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine whether baseline salivary inflammatory biomarkers could discriminate between different clinical levels of disease and/or detect clinical changes over a 3‐week stent‐induced biofilm overgrowth (SIBO) period.Methods: A total of 168 participants were enrolled in a 21‐day experimental gingivitis investigation and grouped according to clinical measures of periodontal status of health and diseased individuals representing each of five biofilm gingival interface (BGI) periodontal groups: 1) health, all probing depth (PD) <3 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) <10%; 2) gingivitis, all PD <3 mm and BOP ≥10%; 3) periodontitis (P)1, ≥1 site with PD >3 mm and BOP ≤10%; 4) P2, ≥1 site with PD >3 mm and BOP >10% but ≤50%; and 5) P3, ≥1 site with PD >3 mm and BOP >50%. Stents were used to prevent plaque removal during brushing over one maxillary and one mandibular posterior dental sextant for 21 days. Clinical periodontal parameters and unstimulated saliva were collected at screening, baseline, and each week during SIBO. Saliva samples were assessed for levels of 13 different biomarkers by multiplex immunoassay.Results: Higher salivary levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) were found in diseased groups compared with the healthy group at baseline. Conversely, higher IL‐1 receptor antagonist (ra) levels were found in healthy patients at baseline. In addition, during SIBO, MMP‐1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1, and TIMP‐2 levels increased across all participant groups. A stepwise linear regression model using all salivary biomarkers demonstrated that, at baseline, increased IL‐1ra (P = 0.004) and IL‐6 (P = 0.009) were significantly associated with change in PDs during SIBO.Conclusions: In summary, this investigation supports salivary levels of IL‐1ra and IL‐6 as potential indicators for PD changes during induced gingival inflammation. In addition, participants from the BGI‐P3 group (severe periodontitis) demonstrated elevated baseline levels of IL‐1β, MMP‐3, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and NGAL compared with the other study groups, strengthening the relevance of participants’ biologic phenotype on expression of salivary biomarkers.
Nursing Students' Approaches Toward Euthanasia
Authors: Ozcelik Hanife , Tekir Ozlem , Samancioglu Sevgin , Fadiloglu Cicek , Ozkara Erdem 
Published: July 2014

Background: In Turkey, which is a secular, democratic nation with a majority Muslim population, euthanasia is illegal and regarded as murder. Nurses and students can be faced with ethical dilemmas and a lack of a legal basis, with a conflict of religious beliefs and social and cultural values concerning euthanasia. The aim of this study was to investigate undergraduate nursing students' attitudes towards euthanasia. Method: The study, which had a descriptive design, was conducted with 600 students. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year nursing students at a school of nursing were contacted in May 2009, and 383 students (63.8% of the study population of a total of 600 students) gave informed consent. Two tools were used in accordance with questionnaire preparation rules. Results: The majority of students were female and single (96.9%), and their mean age was 21.3 ± 1.5 years. A majority (78.9%) stated they had received no training course/education on the concept of euthanasia. Nearly one-third (32.4%) of the students were against euthanasia; 14.3% of the students in the study agreed that if their relatives had an irreversible, lethal condition, passive euthanasia could be performed. In addition, 24.8% of the students agreed that if they themselves had an irreversible, lethal condition, passive euthanasia could be performed. Less than half (42.5%) of the students thought that discussions about euthanasia could be useful. There was a significant relation between the study year and being against euthanasia ( p < 0.05), the idea that euthanasia could be abused ( p < 0.05), and the idea that euthanasia was unethical ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the lack of legal regulations, ethical considerations, religious beliefs, and work experience with dying patients affect nursing students' attitudes towards euthanasia.
Functional genioplasty in growing patients
Authors: Chamberland Sylvain , Proffit William R. , Chamberland Pier-Eric 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the role of age as a moderator of bone regeneration patterns and symphysis remodeling after genioplasty.

Method:
Fifty-four patients who underwent genioplasty at the end of their orthodontic treatment were divided into three age groups: younger than 15 years at the time of surgery (group 1), 15 to 19 years (group 2), and 20 years or older (group 3). Twenty-three patients who did not accept genioplasty and had a follow-up radiograph 2 years after the end of their orthodontic treatment were used as a control group. Patients were evaluated at three time points: immediate preoperative (T1), immediate postoperative (T2,) and 2 years postsurgery (T3).

Results:
The mean genial advancement at surgery was similar for the three age groups, but the extent of remodeling around the repositioned chin was greater in group 1, less in group 2, and still less in group 3. Symphysis thickness increased significantly during the 2-year postsurgery interval for the three groups, and this increase was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 3. Remodeling above and behind the repositioned chin also was greater in the younger patients. This was related to greater vertical growth of the dentoalveolar process in the younger patients. There was no evidence of a deleterious effect on mandibular growth.

Conclusion:
The outcomes of forward-upward genioplasty include increased symphysis thickness, bone apposition above B point, and remodeling at the inferior border. When indications for this type of genioplasty are recognized, early surgical correction (before age 15) produces a better outcome in terms of bone remodeling. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:360–373.)
Low Adiponectin Levels and Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lindberg Søren , Jensen Jan S. , Pedersen Sune H. , Galatius Søren , Frystyk Jan , Flyvbjerg Allan , Bjerre Mette , Mogelvang Rasmus 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
Patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) have increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing hormone produced in adipose tissue, directly suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis, stimulating fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and insulin secretion. In healthy humans, low plasma adiponectin levels associate with increased risk of T2DM; however, the relationship between adiponectin and T2DM in patients with MI has never been investigated.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We prospectively included 666 patients with ST-segment elevation MI, without diabetes, treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, from September 2006 to December 2008 at a tertiary cardiac center. Blood samples were drawn before intervention, and total plasma adiponectin was measured in all samples. During follow-up (median 5.7 years [interquartile range 5.3–6.1]) 6% (n = 38) developed T2DM. Risk of T2DM was analyzed using a competing risk analysis.

RESULTS
Low adiponectin levels were associated with increased risk of T2DM (P &lt; 0.001). Even after adjustment for confounding risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, current smoking, previous MI, BMI, blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, estimated glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, peak troponin I, and proatrial natriuretic peptide), low adiponectin levels remained an independent predictor of T2DM (hazard ratio [HR] 5.8 [2.3–15.0]; P &lt; 0.001). Importantly, plasma adiponectin added to the predictive value of blood glucose, with the combination of high blood glucose and low plasma adiponectin, vastly increasing the risk of developing T2DM (HR 9.6 [3.7–25.3]; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Low plasma adiponectin levels are independently associated with increased risk of T2DM in patients with MI and added significantly to the predictive value of blood glucose.
Oncofetal antigen/immature laminin receptor protein in pregnancy and cancer
Authors: Barsoum Adel , Schwarzenberger Paul 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe 37-kDa immature laminin receptor protein (iLRP) is a speciesconserved, universal immunogenic protein that is expressed in all thus-far examined embryonic and early fetal cells of inbred and outbred rodents. It has also been identified in human concepti. It is altered through normal maturation processes to become a non-immunogenic 67-kDa dimeric mature laminin receptor protein (mLRP) in mid-to late gestation in the mammalian fetus. This antigen ceases to be expressed as an active autoimmunogen in the full-term fetus and in the normal differentiating tissues and organs of the neonate or adult organism, apparently due to dimerization, but it is re-expressed as an immunogenic monomer in tumor cells. In this review, we highlight the known mechanisms of immune responses with particular emphasis on the possible role of the 37-kDa oncofetal antigen/immature laminin receptor (OFA/iLRP) in both pregnancy and cancer.
Coupling of Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Pregnancy
Authors: Fischer C. , Schroeder R. , Voss A. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Studying Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems”.Background: Hypertensive pregnancy disorders affect 6 – 8 percent of all pregnancies and can result in severe complications for both the mother and the fetus.Objectives: The aim of this study was to improve risk stratification of pregnant women suffering from hypertension and pre-eclampsia (PE) by applying bivariate Segmented Poincaré plot analysis (BSPPA).Methods: From 35 pregnant women suffering from chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension and PE, 30 minutes of non invasive systolic blood pressure and beat-to-beat intervals were continuously recorded and analyzed by applying BSPPA to quantify their couplings.Results: We revealed significant different couplings between chronic hypertension (CH), gestational hypertension and PE, indicating that cardiovascular regulation can be considerably altered depending on the type of hypertensive disorder. The optimal multivariate set of two BSPPA indices was determined which distinguish best between CH and PE. It achieved a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 77.8% and an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 90.8%.Conclusions: The BSPPA method a) provides improved risk stratification for pregnant women suffering from hypertension and PE, b) increases the ability to diagnose pathological changes, and c) could contribute substantially to the differential diagnosis of hypertensive pregnancy disorders.
Human Regulatory B Cells Combine Phenotypic and Genetic Hallmarks with a Distinct Differentiation Fate
Authors: Lin Wenyu , Cerny Daniela , Chua Edmond , Duan Kaibo , Yi June Tai Jing , Shadan Nurhidaya Binte , Lum Josephine , Maho-Vaillant Maud , Zolezzi Francesca , Wong Siew Cheng , Larbi Anis , Fink Katja , Musette Philippe , Poidinger Michael , Calbo Sébastien 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Regulatory B cells (B-reg) produce IL-10 and suppress inflammation in both mice and humans, but limited data on the phenotype and function of these cells have precluded detailed assessment of their contribution to host immunity. In this article, we report that human B-reg cannot be defined based on a phenotype composed of conventional B cell markers, and that IL-10 production can be elicited in both the CD27+ memory population and naive B cell subset after only a brief stimulation in vitro. We therefore sought to obtain a better definition of IL-10–producing human B-regs using a multiparameter analysis of B cell phenotype, function, and gene expression profile. Exposure to CpG and anti-Ig are the most potent stimuli for IL-10 secretion in human B cells, but microarray analysis revealed that human B cells cotreated with these reagents resulted in only ∼0.7% of genes being differentially expressed between IL-10+ and IL-10− cells. Instead, connectivity map analysis revealed that IL-10–secreting B cells are those undergoing specific differentiation toward a germinal center fate, and we identified a CD11c+ B cell subset that was not capable of producing IL-10 even under optimal conditions. Our findings will assist in the identification of a broader range of human pro–B-reg populations that may represent novel targets for immunotherapy.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Combinatorial Targeting of Multiple Human Dendritic Cell (DC) Subsets Leads to Enhanced T Cell Activation via IL-15–Dependent DC Crosstalk
Authors: Sehgal Kartik , Ragheb Ragy , Fahmy Tarek M. , Dhodapkar Madhav V. , Dhodapkar Kavita M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Most vaccines depend on coadministration of Ags and adjuvants that activate APCs. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an attractive vehicle for synchronized delivery of Ags and adjuvants to APCs and can be targeted to specific cell types, such as dendritic cells (DCs), which are potent APCs. Which subset of human DCs should be targeted for optimal activation of T cell immunity, however, remains unknown. In this article, we describe a poly-lactic-coglycolic acid–based NP platform, wherein avidin-decorated NPs can be targeted to multiple human DC subsets via biotinylated Abs. Both BDCA3+ and monocyte-derived DC-SIGN+ NP-loaded DCs were equally effective at generating Ag-specific human T cells in culture, including against complex peptide mixtures from viral and tumor Ags across multiple MHC molecules. Ab-mediated targeting of NPs to distinct DC subsets led to enhanced T cell immunity. However, combination targeting to both DC-SIGN and BDCA3+ DCs led to significantly greater activation of T cells compared with targeting either DC subset alone. Enhanced T cell activation following combination targeting depended on DC-mediated cytokine release and was IL-15 dependent. These data demonstrate that simultaneous targeting of multiple DC subsets may improve NP vaccines by engaging DC crosstalk and provides a novel approach to improving vaccines against pathogens and tumors.
Programmed Death-1 Pathway in Host Tissues Ameliorates Th17/Th1-Mediated Experimental Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Fujiwara Hideaki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Kobayashi Koichiro , Nishimori Hisakazu , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Fujii Nobuharu , Kondo Eisei , Tanaka Takehiro , Chen Lieping , Azuma Miyuki , Yagita Hideo , Tanimoto Mitsune 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of late death and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. We investigated the role of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway in chronic GVHD using a well-defined mouse model of B10.D2 (H-2d) donor to BALB/c (H-2d) recipients. PD-1 expression on allogeneic donor T cells was upregulated continuously in chronic GVHD development, whereas PD-L1 expression in host tissues was transiently upregulated and declined to basal levels in the late posttransplant period. Blockade of the PD-1 pathway by anti–PD-1, anti–PD-L1, or anti–PD-L2 mAbs exacerbated clinical and pathologic chronic GVHD. Chimeric mice revealed that PD-L1 expression in host tissues suppressed expansion of IL-17+IFN-γ+ T cells, and that PD-L1 expression on hematopoietic cells plays a role in the development of regulatory T cells only during the early transplantation period but does not affect the severity of chronic GVHD. Administration of the synthetic retinoid Am80 overcame the IL-17+IFN-γ+ T cell expansion caused by PD-L1 deficiency, resulting in reduced chronic GVHD damage in PD-L1−/− recipients. Stimulation of the PD-1 pathway also alleviated chronic GVHD. These results suggest that the PD-1 pathway contributes to the suppression of Th17/Th1-mediated chronic GVHD and may represent a new target for the prevention or treatment of chronic GVHD.
Does Increased Knowledge of Risk and Complication of Smoking on Diabetes Affect Quit Rate? Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Kerala, India
Authors: Mini G.K. , Nichter Mark , Thankappan K.R. 
Published: July 2014

Background Data on quit rates among diabetes patients are limited. Purpose To find whether positive change in knowledge on smoking-related complications is associated with increased quit rates among diabetes patients. Methods We randomized 224 male diabetes patients into intervention groups 1 and 2. Both groups received a standard diabetic-specific smoking cessation message from a doctor. Intervention group 2 additionally received counseling. We compared the positive change in knowledge and the quit rates between the two groups at 6 months. Results Positive change in knowledge in group 2 was two times higher than that in group 1. The odds of quitting among patients who reported a positive change in knowledge was 2.65 times higher compared to those who reported no positive change in knowledge. Conclusions Increasing the knowledge of persons with diabetes about the risks of developing severe complications if they continue smoking leads to significantly higher quit rates.
El vídeo musical interactivo, nuevas prácticas de representación músico-visual en la Red
Authors: Palomar Ricardo Roncero , Sánchez Raquel Sardá 
Published: July 2014

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar las diferentes posibilidades de manipulación por parte del usuario que presenta el vídeo musical interactivo, como nuevo formato surgido al amparo de Internet como vehículo de distribución de productos audiovisuales y entorno capaz de albergar prácticas artísticas. Para ello se parte del vídeo musical lineal como soporte artístico y su posible adaptación al nuevo medio interactivo. La intención es justificar una unión de décadas entre arte y cultura popular que podría tener continuidad en el nuevo formato que utiliza como base las nuevas tecnologías en materia de comunicación. Por último se hace un estudio de cincuenta piezas representativas del vídeo musical interactivo que nos ayude a encontrar patrones comunes a nivel de interacción y posibilidades plásticas vinculando imagen y sonido.
Automatic recognition of T and teleseismic P waves by statistical analysis of their spectra: An application to continuous records of moored hydrophones
Authors: Sukhovich Alexey , Irisson Jean‐Olivier , Perrot Julie , Nolet Guust 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA network of moored hydrophones is an effective way of monitoring seismicity of oceanic ridges since it allows detection and localization of underwater events by recording generated T waves. The high cost of ship time necessitates long periods (normally a year) of autonomous functioning of the hydrophones, which results in very large data sets. The preliminary but indispensable part of the data analysis consists of identifying all T wave signals. This process is extremely time consuming if it is done by a human operator who visually examines the entire database. We propose a new method for automatic signal discrimination based on the Gradient Boosted Decision Trees technique that uses the distribution of signal spectral power among different frequency bands as the discriminating characteristic. We have applied this method to automatically identify the types of acoustic signals in data collected by two moored hydrophones in the North Atlantic. We show that the method is capable of efficiently resolving the signals of seismic origin with a small percentage of wrong identifications and missed events: 1.2% and 0.5% for T waves and 14.5% and 2.8% for teleseismic P waves, respectively. In addition, good identification rates for signals of other types (iceberg and ship generated) are obtained. Our results indicate that the method can be successfully applied to automate the analysis of other (not necessarily acoustic) databases provided that enough information is available to describe statistical properties of the signals to be identified.