bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative use of bispectral (BIS) monitor for a pressure ulcer patient with locked‐in syndrome (LIS)
Authors: Yoo Christine , Ayello Elizabeth A , Robins Bryan , Salamanca Victor R , Bloom Marc J , Linton Patrick , Brem Harold , O’Neill Daniel K 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe bispectral (BIS) monitor uses brain electroencephalographic data to measure the depth of sedation and pharmacological response during anaesthetic procedures. In this case, the BIS monitor was used for another purpose, to demonstrate postoperatively to the nursing staff that a patient with history of locked‐in syndrome (LIS), who underwent pressure ulcer debridement, had periods of wakefulness and apparent sensation, even with his eyes closed. Furthermore, as patients with LIS can feel pain, despite being unable to move, local block or general anaesthesia should be provided for sharp surgical debridement and other painful procedures. This use of the BIS has shown that as a general rule, the staff should treat the patient as though he might be awake and sensate even if he does not open his eyes or move his limbs. The goal of this study was to continuously monitor pain level and communicate these findings to the entire wound team, i.e. anaesthesiologists, surgeons and nurses.
The association between positive–negative reactions of informal caregivers of people with dementia and health outcomes in eight European countries: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alvira M. Carme , Risco Ester , Cabrera Esther , Farré Marta , Rahm Hallberg Ingalill , Bleijlevens Michel H.C. , Meyer Gabriele , Koskenniemi Jaana , Soto Maria E. , Zabalegui Adelaida ,   The RightTimePlaceCare Consortium
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo describe the associations between positive and negative reactions of informal caregivers of people with dementia and health outcomes across eight European Countries.BackgroundCaring for someone with dementia may have implications for the caregiver's own health and for the care recipient. These consequences could be associated with caregivers' reactions to the process of care.DesignAssociation study based on cross‐sectional data.MethodsParticipants were people with dementia and their informal caregivers living at home or in long‐term care institutions. Data were collected between November 2010–April 2012 using the Caregiver Reaction Assessment (with dimensions of self‐esteem, lack of family support, financial problems, disrupted schedule and health problems) and associations were sought with informal caregiver burden, quality of life and psychological well‐being and with dementia sufferers' neuropsychiatric symptoms, comorbidity and dependency in activities of daily living using correlation coefficients.ResultsData from 2014 participants were used. Variability across countries was noted, as well as differences between care at home and in long‐term care institutions. In general, self‐esteem and lack of family support correlated with caregiver burden and psychological well‐being. Associations were also found between disrupted schedule and caregiver burden, psychological well‐being and quality of life. Health problems were clearly associated with caregiver burden, psychological well‐being and quality of life.ConclusionStudy results support links between the reactions of informal caregivers of people with dementia and health outcomes. These may have implications in terms of how services are addressed.
The use of electronic devices for communication with colleagues and other healthcare professionals – nursing professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Koivunen Marita , Niemi Anne , Hupli Maija 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to describe nursing professionals’ experiences of the use of electronic devices for communication with colleagues and other healthcare professionals.BackgroundInformation and communication technology applications in health care are rapidly expanding, thanks to the fast‐growing penetration of the Internet and mobile technology. Communication between professionals in health care is essential for patient safety and quality of care. Implementing new methods for communication among healthcare professionals is important.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was used in the study.MethodsThe data were collected in spring 2012 using an electronic questionnaire with structured and open‐ended questions. The target group comprised the nursing professionals (N = 567, n = 123) in one healthcare district who worked in outpatient clinics in publically funded health care in Finland.FindingsNursing professionals use different electronic devices for communication with each other. The most often used method was email, while the least used methods were question–answer programmes and synchronous communication channels on the Internet. Communication using electronic devices was used for practical nursing, improving personnel competences, organizing daily operations and administrative tasks. Electronic devices may speed up the management of patient data, improve staff cooperation and competence and make more effective use of working time. The obstacles were concern about information security, lack of technical skills, unworkable technology and decreasing social interaction.ConclusionAccording to our findings, despite the obstacles related to use of information technology, the use of electronic devices to support communication among healthcare professionals appears to be useful.
Endothelial and cancer cells interact with mesenchymal stem cells via both microparticles and secreted factors
Authors: Lozito Thomas P. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTightly associated with blood vessels in their perivascular niche, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) closely interact with endothelial cells (ECs). MSCs also home to tumours and interact with cancer cells (CCs). Microparticles (MPs) are cell‐derived vesicles released into the extracellular environment along with secreted factors. MPs are capable of intercellular signalling and, as biomolecular shuttles, transfer proteins and RNA from one cell to another. Here, we characterize interactions among ECs, CCs and MSCs via MPs and secreted factors in vitro. MPs and non‐MP secreted factors (Sup) were isolated from serum‐free medium conditioned by human microvascular ECs (HMEC‐1) or by the CC line HT1080. Fluorescently labelled MPs were prepared from cells treated with membrane dyes, and cytosolic GFP‐containing MPs were isolated from cells transduced with CMV‐GFP lentivirus. MSCs were treated with MPs, Sup, or vehicle controls, and analysed for MP uptake, proliferation, migration, activation of intracellular signalling pathways and cytokine release. Fluorescently labelled MPs fused with MSCs, transferring the fluorescent dyes to the MSC surface. GFP was transferred to and retained in MSCs incubated with GFP‐MPs, but not free GFP. Thus, only MP‐associated cellular proteins were taken up and retained by MSCs, suggesting that MP biomolecules, but not secreted factors, are shuttled to MSCs. MP and Sup treatment significantly increased MSC proliferation, migration, and MMP‐1, MMP‐3, CCL‐2/MCP‐1 and IL‐6 secretion compared with vehicle controls. MSCs treated with Sup and MPs also exhibited activated NF‐κB signalling. Taken together, these results suggest that MPs act to regulate MSC functions through several mechanisms.
Effect of low‐dose proton pump inhibitor on preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in chronic kidney disease patients receiving aspirin
Authors: Lim Hyun , Kim Jong Hyeok , Baik Gwang Ho , Park Ji Won , Kang Ho Suk , Moon Sung Hoon , Park Choong Kee 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) leads to significant morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study determined the efficacy of using a low‐dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to reduce the risk of non‐variceal UGIB in CKD patients receiving aspirin.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 500 CKD patients who received aspirin between January 2008 and March 2013. Cumulative incidence analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method was performed to analyze the rate of non‐variceal UGIB and association with the administration of low‐dose PPI.ResultsOf the 500 patients, 191 received low‐dose PPI. Over the follow‐up period, which lasted 1067 person‐years, three patients in the low‐dose PPI group (8.9 per 1000 person‐years) and 19 patients in the non‐PPI group (25.9 per 1000 person‐years) developed non‐variceal UGIB, respectively (P = 0.113). Low‐dose PPI use did not decrease the risk of UGIB in CKD patients, including patients who did not receive dialysis (P = 0.127). However, according to the subgroup analysis of 230 patients who received dialysis, the low‐dose PPI group (14.4 per 1000 person‐years) demonstrated significantly reduced incidence and risk of non‐variceal UGIB in comparison with the non‐PPI group (53.8 per 1000 person‐years) (P = 0.032).ConclusionProphylactic low‐dose PPI can reduce the risk of non‐variceal UGIB in dialysis patients receiving aspirin.
Increased regulatory T cells in patients with liver cirrhosis correlated with hyperbilirubinemia and predict bacterial complications
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hao , Jeng Wen‐Juei , Ho Yu‐Pin , Teng Wei , Chen Wei‐Ting , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Lin Shi‐Ming , Chiu Cheng‐Tang , Sheen I‐Shyan , Lin Chun‐Yen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with liver cirrhosis (LC) were regarded as immunocompromised status with high incidence of bacterial infection. Regulatory T cell (Treg cell) is known as an immune suppressor and also plays an important role in patients with sepsis. This paper aims to study the role of Treg cells in patients with liver cirrhosis and their correlations to bacterial complications.MethodsThirty‐three normal controls (NC) and 82 cirrhotic patients were enrolled for the case‐control study. The Treg cells, defined as CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells, in peripheral blood of these patients were evaluated.ResultsThe percentage of Treg cells increased significantly in patients with liver cirrhosis when compared with normal volunteers. Furthermore, this increase of Treg cells was mainly memory phenotype defined as CD45RO+Treg cells and was significantly correlated with serum bilirubin levels as evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α receptor II (TNFRII) expression also significantly increased on Treg cells in these patients. Interestingly, these membranous TNFRII would be shed and released into supernatant. Lastly, this increased percentage of Treg cells in cirrhotic patients correlate well with and predict subsequent bacterial complications.ConclusionThe Treg cells, mainly with memory phenotype and with high TNFRII expression, increased significantly in patients with liver cirrhosis and significantly correlated with the serum bilirubin levels. Furthermore, this increased Treg cells correlate with and predict subsequent bacterial complications in cirrhotic patients.
Increased delayed mortality in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure who have prior decompensation
Authors: Shi Yu , Zheng Ming‐hua , Yang Ying , Wei Wu , Yang Qiao , Hu Airong , Hu Yaoren , Wu Yihua , Yan Huadong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) represent a complex population with differential prognosis. The aim of the study was to categorize ACLF according to the severity of underlying chronic liver diseases.MethodsA total of 540 ACLF patients were recruited, including 127 with prior decompensated cirrhosis and 413 without prior decompensation (PD) including 193 with underlying chronic hepatitis and 220 with prior compensated cirrhosis. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of subgroups were compared. Cox proportional hazard model and multinominal logistic regression analysis were performed to identify significant prognostic parameters.ResultsThe 28‐day, 3‐month and 1‐year survival of ACLF patients with or without PD were 58.9% versus 61.4%, 36.2 versus 52.5%, and 29.1% versus 49.6%, respectively. On multinominal logistic regression analysis or time‐to‐death analysis by Cox proportional hazard model, PD was significantly associated with post‐28‐day mortality but not within‐28‐day mortality. On multivariate time‐to‐death analysis, older age, high international normalized ratio (INR) and serum bilirubin, low levels of serum sodium and platelet count, and presence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and respiratory or circulation dysfunction were predictors of within‐28‐day mortality in patients without PD, whereas the risk factors in patients with PD were high INR, creatinine, presence of HE, and respiratory or circulation dysfunction.ConclusionACLF patients with or without PD had comparable short‐term prognosis but differential 1‐year mortality. ACLF patients with PD were distinct from those without PD in age, types of acute insults, severity of hepatic damage, and distribution of complications, and the former group was characterized by increased delayed mortality.
Chlorhexidine gel and less difficult surgeries might reduce post‐operative pain, controlling for dry socket, infection and analgesic consumption: a split‐mouth controlled randomised clinical trial
Authors: Haraji A. , Rakhshan V. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryReports on post‐surgical pain are a few, controversial and flawed (by statistics and analgesic consumption). Besides, it is not known if chlorhexidine can reduce post‐extraction pain adjusting for its effect on prevention of infection and dry socket (DS). We assessed these. A total of 90 impacted mandibular third molars of 45 patients were extracted. Intra‐alveolar 0·2% chlorhexidine gel was applied in a split‐mouth randomised design to one‐half of the sockets. None of the included patients took antibiotics or analgesics afterwards. In the first and third post‐operative days, DS formation and pain levels were recorded. Predictive roles of the risk factors were analysed using fixed‐effects (classic) and multilevel (mixed‐model) multiple linear regressions (α = 0·05, β≤0·1). In the first day, pain levels were 5·56 ± 1·53 and 4·78 ± 1·43 (out of 10), respectively. These reduced to 3·22 ± 1·41 and 2·16 ± 1·40. Pain was more intense on the control sides [both P values = 0·000 (paired t‐test)]. Chlorhexidine had a significant pain‐alleviating effect (P = 0·0001), excluding its effect on DS and infection. More difficult surgeries (P = 0·0201) and dry sockets were more painful (P = 0·0000). Age had a marginally significant negative role (P = 0·0994). Gender and smoking had no significant impact [P ≥ 0·7 (regression)]. The pattern of pain reduction differed between dry sockets and healthy sockets [P = 0·0102 (anova)]. Chlorhexidine can reduce pain, regardless of its infection‐/DS‐preventive effects. Simpler surgeries and sockets not affected by alveolar osteitis are less painful. Smoking and gender less likely affect pain. The role of age was not conclusive and needs future studies.
Effect of dynamic three‐dimensional culture on osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stem cells entrapped in alginate microbeads
Authors: Vecchiatini R. , Penolazzi L. , Lambertini E. , Angelozzi M. , Morganti C. , Mazzitelli S. , Trombelli L. , Nastruzzi C. , Piva R. 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectiveBioreactors are devices that efficiently create an environment that enables cell cultures to grow in a three‐dimensional (3D) context mimicking in vivo conditions. In this study, we investigate the effect of dynamic fluid flow on the osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells obtained from periodontal ligament and entrapped in alginate microbeads.Material and MethodsAfter proper immunophenotyping, cells were encapsulated in barium alginate, cultured in 3D static or 3D dynamic conditions represented by a bioreactor system. Calcein‐AM/propidium iodide staining was used to assess cellular viability. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2 and COL1). Alizarin Red S staining and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to assess mineral matrix deposition.ResultsOptimal encapsulation procedure, in terms of polymer pumping rate, distance from droplet generator to the gelling bath and atomizing airflow was assessed. Cell viability was not affected by encapsulation in alginate microbeads. Bioreactor cell exposure was effective in anticipating osteogenic differentiation and improving mineral matrix deposition.ConclusionFor the first time human mesenchymal stem cells obtained from periodontal ligaments encapsulated in alginate microbeads were cultured in a bioreactor system. This combination could represent a promising strategy to create a cell‐based smart system with enhanced osteogenic potential useful for many different dental applications.
Gingival condition and tooth‐brushing behavior after alcohol consumption
Authors: Mizutani S. , Ekuni D. , Tomofuji T. , Yamane M. , Azuma T. , Iwasaki Y. , Morita M. 
Published: September 2014

Background and ObjectiveVarious studies have reported the relationship between alcohol consumption and gingival condition. However, they focus on the direct effects of alcohol consumption or alcohol sensitivity on gingival condition, and it is unclear how oral health behaviors relate these relationships. The aims of this study were to assess the inter‐relationships between gingival condition, tooth‐brushing behavior after drinking alcohol and alcohol sensitivity in university students who drink more than once per week on average.Material and MethodsA total of 808 students (541 males, 267 females) that habitually consume alcohol were analyzed. The disease activity of gingival condition was assessed as the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP). Additional information regarding alcohol sensitivity and oral health behaviors, including tooth‐brushing behavior after drinking, were also collected.ResultsThirteen percent of the current participants reported neglecting tooth‐brushing after drinking, and their alcohol consumption was higher than those who did not neglect tooth‐brushing. Logistic regression analysis showed that high %BOP (%BOP ≥ 20) was associated with male (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01–2.33), neglect of tooth‐brushing after drinking (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.20–5.61) and debris index (OR = 8.38; 95% CI, 4.24–16.60) in participants with low alcohol sensitivity. In participants with high alcohol sensitivity, high %BOP was associated with debris index (OR = 7.60; 95% CI, 3.12–18.51), but not with any oral health behaviors.ConclusionsThe study revealed that alcohol consumption was indirectly related to gingival disease activity through the neglect of tooth‐brushing after drinking alcohol in university students with low alcohol sensitivity.
Sustained virological response with intravenous silibinin: individualized IFN‐free therapy via real‐time modelling of HCV kinetics
Authors: Dahari Harel , Shteingart Shimon , Gafanovich Inna , Cotler Scott J. , D'Amato Massimo , Pohl Ralf T. , Weiss Gali , Ashkenazi Yaakov J. , Tichler Thomas , Goldin Eran , Lurie Yoav 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsIntravenous silibinin (SIL) is a potent antiviral agent against hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype‐1. In this proof of concept case‐study we tested: (i) whether interferon‐alfa (IFN)‐free treatment with SIL plus ribavirin (RBV) can achieve sustained virological response (SVR); (ii) whether SIL is safe and feasible for prolonged duration of treatment and (iii) whether mathematical modelling of early on‐treatment HCV kinetics can guide duration of therapy to achieve SVR.MethodsA 44 year‐old female HCV‐(genotype‐1)‐infected patient who developed severe psychiatric adverse events to a previous course of pegIFN+RBV, initiated combination treatment with 1200 mg/day of SIL, 1200 mg/day of RBV and 6000 u/day vitamin D. Blood samples were collected frequently till week 4, thereafter every 1–12 weeks until the end of therapy. The standard biphasic mathematical model with time‐varying SIL effectiveness was used to predict the duration of therapy to achieve SVR.ResultsBased on modelling the observed viral kinetics during the first 3 weeks of treatment, SVR was predicted to be achieved within 34 weeks of therapy. Provided with this information, the patient agreed to complete 34 weeks of treatment. IFN‐free treatment with SIL+RBV was feasible, safe and achieved SVR (week‐33).ConclusionsWe report, for the first time, the use of real‐time mathematical modelling of HCV kinetics to individualize duration of IFN‐free therapy and to empower a patient to participate in shared decision making regarding length of treatment. SIL‐based individualized therapy provides a treatment option for patients who do not respond to or cannot receive other HCV agents and should be further validated.
The genetics of divergence and reproductive isolation between ecotypes ofPanicum hallii
Authors: Lowry David B. , Hernandez Kyle , Taylor Samuel H. , Meyer Eli , Logan Tierney L. , Barry Kerrie W. , Chapman Jarrod A. , Rokhsar Daniel S. , Schmutz Jeremy , Juenger Thomas E. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe process of plant speciation often involves the evolution of divergent ecotypes in response to differences in soil water availability between habitats. While the same set of traits is frequently associated with xeric/mesic ecotype divergence, it is unknown whether those traits evolve independently or if they evolve in tandem as a result of genetic colocalization either by pleiotropy or genetic linkage.The self‐fertilizing C4grass speciesPanicum halliiincludes two major ecotypes found in xeric (var.hallii) or mesic (var.filipes) habitats. We constructed the first linkage map forP. halliiby genotyping a reduced representation genomic library of an F2population derived from an intercross of var.halliiandfilipes. We then evaluated the genetic architecture of divergence between these ecotypes through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping.Overall, we mapped QTLs for nine morphological traits that are involved in the divergence between the ecotypes. QTLs for five key ecotype‐differentiating traits all colocalized to the same region of linkage group five. Leaf physiological traits were less divergent between ecotypes, but we still mapped five physiological QTLs. We also discovered a two‐locus Dobzhansky–Muller hybrid incompatibility.Our study suggests that ecotype‐differentiating traits may evolve in tandem as a result of genetic colocalization.