bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race, Sex, and Total Knee Replacement Consideration: Role of Social Support
Authors: Vina Ernest R. , Cloonan Yona K. , Ibrahim Said A. , Hannon Michael J. , Boudreau Robert M. , Kwoh C. Kent 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo determine whether there are racial differences in social support among patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and whether the impact of social support on patient preferences for total knee replacement (TKR) varies by race and sex.MethodsA total of 514 white and 285 African American patients with knee OA were surveyed. Logistic regression models were performed to determine if the relationship between willingness to undergo TKR and the interaction of patient race and sex was mediated by social support.ResultsCompared to whites with knee OA, African American patients were less likely to be married (P < 0.001), reported less close friends/relatives (P < 0.001), and had lower Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS‐SSS) scores (P < 0.001). African American patients were also less willing to undergo TKR (62% versus 80%; P < 0.001) than whites. The odds of willingness to undergo TKR were less in white females compared to white males when adjusted for recruitment site, age, income, and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.34–0.96). This difference was no longer significant when further adjusted for marital status, number of close friends/relatives, and MOS‐SSS score, but the effect size remained unchanged (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.35–1.02). The odds of willingness to undergo TKR remained much less in African American females (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19–0.64) and African American males (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.14–0.54) compared to white males when controlled for sociodemographic, clinical, and social support measures.ConclusionAfrican American patients reported less structural and functional social support than whites. Social support is an important determinant of preference for TKR surgery only among whites.
A new decentralized retrofit adaptive fault‐tolerant flight control design
Authors: Bošković Jovan D. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop a new decentralized retrofit adaptive fault‐tolerant control design for a class of nonlinear models arising in flight control. The proposed adaptive fault‐tolerant controller is designed to accommodate loss‐of‐effectiveness (LoE) failures in flight control actuators and achieve accurate estimation of failure‐related parameters. The design is based on local estimation of LoE parameters and generation of local retrofit control signals to accommodate the failures. Using state‐dependent closed‐loop estimation errors, we show the overall system to be stable and demonstrate the tracking error to converge to zero asymptotically for any combination of actuator failures. Through computer simulation of F/A‐18 aircraft under actuator LoE failures, the proposed approach is also shown to achieve better parameter estimation performance compared to the fully centralized design and the design employing local observers and a centralized adaptive controller. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoelectric Properties of Nanocrystalline Silicon from a Scaled‐Up Synthesis Plant
Authors: Kessler Victor , Gautam Devendraprakash , Hülser Tim , Spree Mathias , Theissmann Ralf , Winterer Markus , Wiggers Hartmut , Schierning Gabi , Schmechel Roland 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSilicon based thermoelectrics are promising candidates for high temperature energy scavenging applications. We present the properties of thermoelectrics made from highly boron doped silicon nanoparticles. The particles were produced by a continuous gas phase process in a scaled‐up synthesis plant enabling production rates in the kg h−1 regime. The silicon nanoparticles were compacted by direct current assisted sintering to yield nanocrystalline bulk silicon with average crystallite size between 40 and 80 nm and relative densities above 97% of the density of single crystalline silicon. The influence of the sintering temperature on the thermoelectric properties is investigated. It was found that high sintering temperatures are beneficial for an enhancement of the power factor, while the thermal conductivity was only moderately affected. The optimization of the compaction procedure with respect to the transport properties leads to zT values of the p‐type nanosilicon of 0.32 at 700 °C, demonstrating the potential of our method.
Interpreting skeletal growth in the past from a functional and physiological perspective
Authors: Ruff Christopher B. , Garofalo Evan , Holmes Megan A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe study of juvenile skeletal remains can yield important insights into the health, behavior, and biological relationships of past populations. However, most studies of past skeletal growth have been limited to relatively simple metrics. Considering additional skeletal parameters and taking a broader physiological perspective can provide a more complete assessment of growth patterns and environmental and genetic effects on those patterns. We review here some alternative approaches to ontogenetic studies of archaeological and paleontological skeletal material, including analyses of body size (stature and body mass) and cortical bone structure of long bone diaphyses and the mandibular corpus. Together such analyses can shed new light on both systemic and localized influences on bone growth, and the metabolic and mechanical factors underlying variation in growth. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling physical growth using mixed effects models
Authors: Johnson William , Balakrishna Nagalla , Griffiths Paula L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article demonstrates the use of mixed effects models for characterizing individual and sample average growth curves based on serial anthropometric data. These models are advancement over conventional general linear regression because they effectively handle the hierarchical nature of serial growth data. Using body weight data on 70 infants in the Born in Bradford study, we demonstrate how a mixed effects model provides a better fit than a conventional regression model. Further, we demonstrate how mixed effects models can be used to explore the influence of environmental factors on the sample average growth curve. Analyzing data from 183 infant boys (aged 3–15 months) from rural South India, we show how maternal education shapes infant growth patterns as early as within the first 6 months of life. The presented analyses highlight the utility of mixed effects models for analyzing serial growth data because they allow researchers to simultaneously predict individual curves, estimate sample average curves, and investigate the effects of environmental exposure variables. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting the timing of maturational spurts in skeletal age
Authors: Nahhas Ramzi W. , Sherwood Richard J. , Chumlea Wm. Cameron , Towne Bradford , Duren Dana L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMeasures of maturity provide windows into the timing and tempo of childhood growth and maturation. Delayed maturation in a single child, or systemically in a population, can result from either genetic or environmental factors. In terms of the skeleton, delayed maturation may result in short stature or indicate another underlying issue. Thus, prediction of the timing of a maturational spurt is often desirable in order to determine the likelihood that a child will catch up to their chronological age peers. Serial data from the Fels Longitudinal Study were used to predict future skeletal age conditional on current skeletal age and to predict the timing of maturational spurts. For children who were delayed relative to their chronological age peers, the likelihood of catch‐up maturation increased through the average age of onset of puberty and decreased prior to the average age of peak height velocity. For boys, the probability of an imminent maturational spurt was higher for those who were less mature. For girls aged 11 to 13 years, however, this probability was higher for those who were more mature, potentially indicating the presence of a skeletal maturation plateau between multiple spurts. The prediction model, available on the web, is most relevant to children of European ancestry living in the Midwestern US. Our model may also provide insight into the tempo of maturation for children in other populations, but must be applied with caution if those populations are known to have high burdens of environmental stressors not typical of the Midwestern US. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A description of the geological context, discrete traits, and linear morphometrics of the Middle Pleistocene hominin from Dali, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Wu Xinzhi , Athreya Sheela 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn 1978, a nearly complete hominin fossil cranium was recovered from loess deposits at the site of Dali in Shaanxi Province, northwestern China. It was subsequently briefly described in both English and Chinese publications. Here we present a comprehensive univariate and nonmetric description of the specimen and provide comparisons with key Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus and non‐erectus hominins from Eurasia and Africa. In both respects we find affinities with Chinese H. erectus as well as African and European Middle Pleistocene hominins typically referred to as Homo heidelbergensis. Specifically, the Dali specimen possesses a low cranial height, relatively short and arched parietal bones, an angled occipital bone, and a nonprominent articular tubercle relative to the preglenoid surface all of which distinguish it from Afro/European Middle Pleistocene Homo and align it with Asian H. erectus. At the same time, it displays a more derived morphology of the supraorbital torus and supratoral sulcus and a thinner tympanic plate than H. erectus, a relatively long upper (lambda‐inion) occipital plane with a clear separation of inion and opisthocranion, and an absolute and relative increase in brain size, all of which align it with African and European Middle Pleistocene Homo. Finally, traits such as the form of the frontal keel and the relatively short, broad midface align Dali specifically with other Chinese specimens from the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene, including H. erectus, and differentiate these from the Afro/European specimens of this time period. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental pH‐responsive fluorescent PEG‐polyurethane for potential optical imaging
Authors: Yang Hong Yu , Zhang Xiu Mei , Duan Li Jie , Zhang Ming Yao , Gao Guang Hui , Zhang Hui Xuan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of environmental pH‐responsive block copolymers PEG‐polyurethane with tertiary amine groups in the main chain and free carboxyl groups in the side chain were synthesized, including poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), 1,4‐bis (hydroxyethyl) piperazine, 1,6‐diisocyanato hexamethylene, and 2,2‐dimethylolpropionic acid. The chemical structure, molecular weight, and pH‐dependent capacity of pH‐responsive PEG‐polyurethane were examined by 1H‐NMR, FTIR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and an acid‐base titration. Moreover, the fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate was conjugated with PEG‐polyurethane by the similar polymerization method and the obtained polymer was measured by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis) and fluorescent spectroscopy. The results indicated that the pH‐responsive PEG‐polyurethane showed a pH‐buffering phenomenon and fluorescent imaging in a range of pH values. As a result, we demonstrated its potential application for optical imaging; however, it is believed that more applications in the areas of biomedicine will be possible owing to its free carboxyl acid terminal residues in the stimuli‐responsive polymer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
An efficient mixed mode and paired cipher text cryptographic algorithm for effective key distribution
Authors: S Rasmi P , Paul Varghese 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYWidely used asymmetric key or public key systems such as RSA, Rabin system, ElGamal system, and elliptical curve system are based on a single hard mathematical problem such as factoring or discrete logarithm. Even if these algorithms are very secure now, in the future, the situation may change and someone can solve the single hard problem easily. In this work, a new mixed mode cryptographic algorithm based on RSA is designed, which incorporates three hard mathematical problems (hidden root problem, discrete logarithms, and factoring) to make the algorithm too secure and uses the properties of both symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms. The decryption of the cipher text by the cryptanalysts is very difficult without the knowledge of secret keys, because he or she needs to solve three hard mathematical problems, which is in fact impractical. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The real females of human evolution
Authors: Zihlman Adrienne L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhen “woman‐the‐gatherer” was first proposed as a counter to “man‐the‐hunter,” we were only beginning to understand the many faces of primate females. In ensuing decades we have learned about the skills and talents of female chimpanzees in tool using, hunting, and transmitting behaviors from one generation to the next as teachers, and across space as newcomers to neighboring communities. The perspective of evolutionary time highlights the continuity of female lives from the origin of mammals to the origin of Homo sapiens. The combination of behavioral, fossil, and archeological information aid in reconstructing key ingredients acquired by females along the way that contributed to the success of our species. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ecological volatility and human evolution: A novel perspective on life history and reproductive strategy
Authors: Wells Jonathan C. K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHumans are characterized by a suite of traits that seem to differentiate them profoundly from closely related apes such as the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orang‐utan. These traits include longevity, cooperative breeding, stacking of offspring, lengthy maturation, and a complex life‐course profile of adiposity. When, how, and why these traits emerged during our evolutionary history is currently attracting considerable attention. Most approaches to life history emphasize dietary energy availability and the risk of mortality as the two key stresses shaping life‐history variability between and within species. The high energy costs of the large Homo brain are also seen as the central axis around which other life‐history traits were reorganized. I propose that ecological volatility may have been a key stress, selecting in favor of the suite of traits in order to tolerate periods of energy scarcity, and increase reproductive output during periods of good conditions. Theses life‐history adaptations may have preceded and enabled the trend toward encephalization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Saffron for treatment of fluoxetine‐induced sexual dysfunction in women: randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kashani Ladan , Raisi Firoozeh , Saroukhani Sepideh , Sohrabi Hamid , Modabbernia Amirhossein , Nasehi Abbas‐Ali , Jamshidi Amirhossein , Ashrafi Mandana , Mansouri Parisa , Ghaeli Padideh , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) has shown beneficial aphrodisiac effects in some animal and human studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of saffron on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor‐induced sexual dysfunction in women.MethodsThis was a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study. Thirty‐eight women with major depression who were stabilized on fluoxetine 40 mg/day for a minimum of 6 weeks and had experienced subjective feeling of sexual dysfunction entered the study. The patients were randomly assigned to saffron (30 mg/daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. Measurement was performed at baseline, week 2, and week 4 using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Side effects were systematically recorded.ResultsThirty‐four women had at least one post‐baseline measurement and completed the study. Two‐factor repeated measure analysis of variance showed significant effect of time × treatment interaction [Greenhouse–Geisser's corrected: F(1.580, 50.567) = 5.366, p = 0.012] and treatment for FSFI total score [F(1, 32) = 4.243, p = 0.048]. At the end of the fourth week, patients in the saffron group had experienced significantly more improvement in total FSFI (p < 0.001), arousal (p = 0.028), lubrication (p = 0.035), and pain (p = 0.016) domains of FSFI but not in desire (p = 0.196), satisfaction (p = 0.206), and orgasm (p = 0.354) domains. Frequency of side effects was similar between the two groups.ConclusionsIt seems saffron may safely and effectively improve some of the fluoxetine‐induced sexual problems including arousal, lubrication, and pain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster‐based molecular docking study for in silico identification of novel 6‐fluoroquinolones as potential inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Minovski Nikola , Perdih Andrej , Novic Marjana , Solmajer Tom 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA classical protein sequence alignment and homology modeling strategy were used for building three Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐DNA gyrase protein models using the available topoII‐DNA‐6FQ crystal structure complexes originating from different organisms. The recently determined M. tuberculosis‐DNA gyrase apoprotein structures and topoII‐DNA‐6FQ complexes were used for defining the 6‐fluoroquinolones (6‐FQs) binding pockets. The quality of the generated models was initially validated by docking of the cocrystallized ligands into their binding site, and subsequently by quantitative evaluation of their discriminatory performances (identification of active/inactive 6‐FQs) for a set of 145 6‐FQs with known biological activity values. The M. tuberculosis‐DNA gyrase model with the highest estimated discriminatory power was selected and used afterwards in an additional molecular docking experiment on a mixed combinatorial set of 427 drug‐like 6‐FQ analogs for which the biological activity values were predicted using a prebuilt counter‐propagation artificial neural network model. A novel three‐level Boolean‐based [T/F (true/false)] clustering algorithm was used to assess the generated binding poses: Level 1 (geometry properties assessment), Level 2 (score‐based clustering and selection of the (T)‐signed highly scored Level 1 poses), and Level 3 (activity‐based clustering and selection of the most “active” (T)‐signed Level 2 hits). The frequency analysis of occurrence of the fragments attached at R1 and R7 position of the (T)‐signed 6‐FQs selected in Level 3 revealed several novel attractive fragments and confirmed some previous findings. We believe that this methodology could be successfully used in establishing novel possible structure‐activity relationship recommendations in the 6‐FQs optimization, which could be of great importance in the current antimycobacterial hit‐to‐lead processes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model for the Shear Viscosity of Suspensions of Star Polymers and Other Soft Particles
Authors: Mendoza Carlos I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA model is proposed to describe the concentration dependence of the viscosity of soft particles. The softness of the particles is incorporated in a very simple way into expressions originally developed for rigid spheres. This is done by introducing a concentration‐dependent critical packing, which is the packing at which the suspension loses fluidity. The resultant expression reproduces the experimental results for suspensions of star polymers in good solvents with high accuracy. The model allows the weak increase of the viscosity observed in the case of diblock copolymer stars to be explained, suggesting that the reason for this peculiar behavior is mainly a consequence of the softness of the particles. In the semi‐dilute regime, suspensions of star polymers are modeled using the Daoud–Cotton picture to complete the description in the whole concentration regime.
Effect of aluminum content on solidification microstructure and properties of Fe‐Cr‐B‐Al alloys
Authors: Yu Z. , Fu H. , Jiang Y. , Cen Q. , Lei Y. , Zhou R. , Guo H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe microstructures and mechanical properties of eight kinds of Fe‐Cr‐B‐Al alloys containing X wt.%Al‐0.35 wt.%C‐10.0 wt.%Cr‐1.4 wt.%B‐0.6 wt.%Si‐0.8 wt.%Mn (X = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0) were studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rockwell hardness and Vickers micro‐hardness testers. The results indicate that the as‐cast microstructure of aluminium‐free sample consists of the martensite, austenite and eutectic borocarbides, and the eutectic borocarbides are the mixture of (Fe, Cr)2B and (Cr, Fe)7(C, B)3, and its hardness reaches 65 HRC. When a small amount of aluminium element (Al ⪇ 1.0 wt.%) is added, the phase composition has no significant change, and the hardness excels 65 HRC. When the concentration of aluminium reaches 1.5 wt.%, the matrix of Fe‐Cr‐B‐Al alloy becomes pearlite and δ‐ferrite, leading to a sharply decrease of the hardness. The proportion of ferrite goes up along with increasing aluminium concentration, and the hardness of Fe‐Cr‐B‐Al alloy has slight decrease.
Structural fire design parameters and procedures – analysis of the potential of Eurocode 3
Authors: Boko I. , Torić N. , Peroš B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental research carried out for testing the simple calculation models presented in EN 1993‐1‐2 for the determination of the fire resistance of steel structures, as well as the models for calculating the development of temperature in the structure. The analysis was carried out for the simple heat transfer models in protected and unprotected steel elements, for the basic parameters of reduction of mechanical properties of steel at high temperatures, and for simple calculation models for determining fire resistance of elements subjected to vertical force in combination with and without the action of the axial force.
Investigation of a deformation‐breakage‐parameter by the use of microscopic discharges of gas during the propagation of micro cracks and breakage of particles
Authors: Aman S. , Tomas J. , Molitor M. , Aman A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSpektrale Untersuchungen von Lichtimpulsen, die während der Scherbeanspruchung von Zucker‐, Quarz‐ und KCl‐Partikeln entstehen, wurden mittels Multi‐Pixel‐Photon‐Counter Arrays in hoher Zeitauflösung durchgeführt. Diese intensiven Lichtimpulse mit einer Dauer von wenigen Nanosekunden erscheinen gleichzeitig in den UV‐ und NIR‐Wellenlängenbereichen. Die Ursache für dieses Phänomen sind Mikrogasentladungen. Im Verlauf des Bruchvorganges findet eine spektrale Verschiebung der Lichtemission vom UV‐ zum NIR‐Bereich statt. Bei der plastischen Deformation, welche von der Ausbreitung von Mikrorissen begleitet wird, dominiert die Lichtemission im ultravioletten Bereich. Unmittelbar vor dem Bruch nimmt dann die Breite des Risses zu und steigert die NIR‐Emission. Demzufolge besteht messtechnisch die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe der UV‐ und NIR‐Anteilen der Lichtimpulse den Schädigungszustand von Partikeln zu charakterisieren und den Bruch anhand eines Parameters vorherzusagen.