bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinated Global and Regional Climate Modeling*
Authors: Scinocca J. F. , Kharin V. V. , Jiao Y. , Qian M. W. , Lazare M. , Solheim L. , Flato G. M. , Biner S. , Desgagne M. , Dugas B. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A new approach of coordinated global and regional climate modeling is presented. It is applied to the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4) and its parent global climate model CanESM2. CanRCM4 was developed specifically to downscale climate predictions and climate projections made by its parent global model. The close association of a regional climate model (RCM) with a parent global climate model (GCM) offers novel avenues of model development and application that are not typically available to independent regional climate modeling centers. For example, when CanRCM4 is driven by its parent model, driving information for all of its prognostic variables is available (including aerosols and chemical species), significantly improving the quality of their simulation. Additionally, CanRCM4 can be driven by its parent model for all downscaling applications by employing a spectral nudging procedure in CanESM2 designed to constrain its evolution to follow any large-scale driving data. Coordination offers benefit to the development of physical parameterizations and provides an objective means to evaluate the scalability of such parameterizations across a range of spatial resolutions. Finally, coordinating regional and global modeling efforts helps to highlight the importance of assessing RCMs’ value added relative to their driving global models. As a first step in this direction, a framework for identifying appreciable differences in RCM versus GCM climate change results is proposed and applied to CanRCM4 and CanESM2.
Transforming values into action
Authors: Kirsh Bonnie H. 
Published: September 2015

Background. The goal of enabling meaningful occupation for all requires occupational therapy to become a more socially and politically responsible discipline. Purpose. This paper argues that occupational therapy’s dominant individualist perspective is too narrow to meet this goal. It presents an argument for integrating advocacy into occupational therapy identity and discusses why we should advocate at political and public levels. Key Issues. Although the dominant paradigm and political climate pose challenges, there must be a realignment of the balance between helping individuals who are facing disruptions in their occupational lives and addressing systems and structures that prevent them from moving forward. Adopting a broader sociopolitical approach involves engaging in advocacy as a key strategy. Indeed, advocacy is a professional imperative for occupational therapy. Implications. Advocacy must become part of the process of professional socialization. A new set of competencies is needed in our educational programs and in our professional development, accompanied by a sense of self-confident idealism.
Efficacy and safety of World Health Organization group 5 drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Winters Nicholas , Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Menzies Dick 
Published: September 2015

The efficacy and toxicity of several drugs now used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have not been fully evaluated.We searched three databases for studies assessing efficacy in MDR-TB or safety during prolonged treatment of any mycobacterial infections, of drugs classified by the World Health Organization as having uncertain efficacy for MDR-TB (group 5).We included 83 out of 4002 studies identified. Evidence was inadequate for meropenem, imipenem and terizidone. For MDR-TB treatment, clarithromycin had no efficacy in two studies (risk difference (RD) −0.13, 95% CI −0.40–0.14) and amoxicillin–clavulanate had no efficacy in two other studies (RD 0.07, 95% CI −0.21–0.35). The largest number of studies described prolonged use for treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Azithromycin was not associated with excess serious adverse events (SAEs). Clarithromycin was not associated with excess SAEs in eight controlled trials in HIV-infected patients (RD 0.00, 95% CI −0.02–0.02), nor in six uncontrolled studies in HIV-uninfected patients, whereas six uncontrolled studies in HIV-infected patients clarithromycin caused substantial SAEs (proportion 0.20, 95% CI 0.12–0.27).For most group 5 drugs we found inadequate evidence of safety for prolonged use or for efficacy for MDR-TB, although macrolides appeared to be safe in prolonged use.
Lost in design: The absence (mostly) of cultural heritage in Puerto Rican fashion design
Authors: F. José Blanco , Vázquez-López Raúl J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Some of our past research has explored Puerto Rican dress and fashion through fieldwork, examination of primary sources and content analysis. We have published on the Masks Festival of Hatillo, a Christmas carnival in Puerto Rico, where costumes are constructed by covering garments with ruffled pieces of fabric, creating intricate and colourful designs. We have also studied the Puerto Rican jíbaro or mountain peasant – one of the most significant images of Puerto Rican cultural identity – examining a variety of transformations of the romantic image of the jíbaro dress (wide-brimmed straw hat, loose cotton shirt and pants, and sandals or bare feet) as it navigates through time in new geographical and cultural settings. Dress associated with the female jíbaro (a peasant blouse with a low neckline and a full skirt with a headscarf, sash and large earrings) has also been appropriated in a variety of simulacra, including a Barbie doll. With this rich cultural heritage in tow, we assumed that Puerto Rican fashion designers would take advantage of and reference elements from dress associated with some of the traditions and popular culture aspects mentioned above. We have found, however, that the incorporation of national heritage and tradition is scarce among Puerto Rican fashion designers. It is left almost exclusively in the hands of souvenir manufacturers who also occasionally incorporate other elements of Puerto Rican cultural heritage, such as native Taino imagery, handmade lace or mundillo, and dress from folkloric dances such as the bomba and the plena. We suggest that, in Puerto Rico, connecting one’s brand as a designer with recognized symbols of national culture is not common practice. We believe that this is in part due to the commodification of said national and traditional symbols in the souvenir market. There are also strong reactions coming from the ‘traditionalists’ when designers venture to modify an element of something considered cultural heritage and use it as a source of inspiration for their collections. This attitude limits the exploration in Puerto Rico of cultural heritage as a source for design inspiration or branding.
Imagining Latin American culture in the United States: Carlos Mérida’s illustrations
Authors: Siegler Jennifer 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Despite the many exhibitions and catalogues concerning Carlos Mérida’s artistic career, little attention has been focused on Mérida’s numerous book illustrations. During the late 1920s and 1930s, Mérida engaged in several illustration projects for travel guides written for a North American audience, which incorporated imagery from Mexico’s countryside, particularly featuring people wearing folk dress. The travel diary Banana Gold (1932) by Carleton Beals and travel guidebooks by Anita Brenner and Frances Toor were aimed at this burgeoning group of United States travellers. While Mérida utilized a fairly consistent, minimal style for these projects, distinctions in his subject matter concerning banana plantation workers, pre-Columbian imagery and more contemporary folk costumes belie distinctions in Mérida’s intent. In this capacity, Mérida helped to create a sense of Latin American folk culture to a United States public via his illustrations featuring dress.
Moda Brasileira: de la ideología hacia la identidad
Authors: Neira Luz , Campos Ana Paula de 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Upon entering the global fashion system in the 1950s – later than most established fashion capitals – Brazilian fashion had to find its place without directly competing with those established markets. Instead, the goal was to solidify the image of a nation with no resources as a competitor in the existing global fashion system. The goal was, instead, to solidify the image of a nation that had no resources to establish itself at a level equivalent to that of the existing fashion system. The desire for moda brasileira/Brazilian fashion to attain relevance in the international fashion world was an internal endeavour that would demand the recognition of Brazilian fashion as an industry-culture binomial. In that sense, the attribute of brasilidade/ Brazilianess – which no other nation could claim – worked to frame Brazil’s position in the global fashion system. Those aspects of Brazilian fashion are discussed in this essay from the perspective of the social and cultural context in which they developed while also exploring the permanence of certain iconic images of brasilidade, which guarantees the participation of the country in the global fashion system.
Pluriclosed flow on generalized Kähler manifolds with split tangent bundle
Authors: Streets Jeffrey 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We show that the pluriclosed flow preserves generalized
Kähler structures with the extra condition

[

J
+

,

J
-

]

=
0

[J_{+},J_{-}]=0

, a condition
referred to as “split tangent bundle.” Moreover, we show
that in this case the flow reduces to a nonconvex fully nonlinear
parabolic flow of a scalar potential function. We prove a number of a priori
estimates for this equation, including a general estimate in dimension

n
=
2

n=2

of
Evans–Krylov type requiring a new argument due to the nonconvexity of the
equation. The main result is a long-time existence theorem for the flow
in dimension

n
=
2

n=2

, covering most cases. We also show that the pluriclosed flow
represents the parabolic analogue to an elliptic problem which is a very natural
generalization of the Calabi conjecture to the setting of generalized Kähler
geometry with split tangent bundle.
Chemical characterization of cork and phloem from Douglas fir outer bark
Authors: Ferreira Joana P.A. , Miranda Isabel , Gominho Jorge , Pereira Helena 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCork and phloem fromPseudotsuga menziesiiouter bark were separated, fractionated and the 40- to 60-mesh fractions chemically analyzed. Cork and phloem showed a different grinding behavior with the highest yields for cork and phloem, respectively, for the 40- to 60-mesh fraction (31.4%) and the <0.180-mm fraction (49.2%). Cork chemical composition was (% o.d. mass): ash 0.9%; extractives 29.2% (mostly polar, 23.5%); lignin 16.8%, and suberin 36.2%. Polysaccharides (16.9%) contained glucose (55.4% of total neutral carbohydrates), xylose (13.3%), mannose, arabinose, and galactose as minor components. Lipophilic and suberin extracts from cork and phloem were analyzed by GC-MS, directly and after alkaline hydrolysis. In cork, catechin was the major compound identified in the lipophilic extract, accompanied by ferulic acid and acylglycerols. In phloem, β-sitosterol was the major compound. The content of fatty alcohols and fatty acids increased after hydrolysis confirming their esterification in both extracts. Suberin fromP. menziesiicork is rich in saturated ω-hydroxyacids (ω-hydroxyacids 36.2%, α,ω-diacids 18.6%, alkanoic acids 6.2%, and alkanols 8.7%), being different from suberin ofQuercus suberwhere α,ω-diacids are dominant.
Influence of Basicity and MgO on Fluidity and Desulfurization Ability of High Aluminum Slag
Authors: Wang Ping , Meng Qing-min , Long Hong-ming , Li Jia-xin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe viscosity of experimental slag, which was mixed based on the composition of a practical blast furnace slag, was measured in this paper. The influence of Al2O3and MgO content, basicityR2=w(CaO)/w(SiO2) on the fluidity of slag was studied. The stepwise regression analysis in SPSS was used to reveal the relationship between sulfur distribution coefficientLSand slag composition as well as furnace temperature. The results show that increasing of MgO up to 12% can decrease the slag viscosity. Thew(MgO) should be controlled below 8% when there is 20% Al2O3in the slag. Temperature of hot metal and content of CaO in slag are the two dominant factors on the desulfurization capacity of slag.
General education program in a new 4-year university curriculum in Hong Kong: findings based on multiple evaluation strategies
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Wu Florence K.Y. , Ng Catalina S.M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSince the 2012−2013 academic year, undergraduate programs in Hong Kong have been changed from 3 years to 4 years, with the additional year focusing primarily on general education. A new general education framework entitled General University Requirements (GUR) implemented at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) was examined in a 5-year longitudinal project. Based on different evaluation strategies, including objective outcome evaluation, subjective outcome evaluation and qualitative evaluation (focus groups, case studies, and document analyses), findings consistently showed that students had positive perceptions of the subject content, teachers as well as teaching and learning methods in GUR subjects. A large majority of students perceived that the GUR subjects were effective in promoting the five desirable graduate attributes defined by PolyU (i.e. problem solving, critical thinking ability, effective communication, ethical leadership, and lifelong learning).
Civil Conflicts, Economic Shocks and Night-time Lights
Authors: Ahrens Achim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study focuses on the effect of economic growth shocks on the risk of civil conflict outbreak in Africa. The data set covers African first-order administrative units and the time period 1992–2010. Since sub-national GDP is not available for Africa, night-time light data from satellites is used to predict economic growth. Economic growth is then instrumented with rainfall and temperature variables in order to identify the causal effect of economic growth on conflict risk. Furthermore, a spatial autoregressive panel model is estimated to examine the role of spill-over effects. Estimation results suggest strong spill-over effects, but provide no evidence for a significant effect of economic growth on civil conflict.
Tuck Jump Assessment: An Exploratory Factor Analysis in a College Age Population
Authors: Lininger Monica R. , Smith Craig A. , Chimera Nicole J. , Hoog Philipp , Warren Meghan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Lininger, MR, Smith, CA, Chimera, NJ, Hoog, P, and Warren, M. Tuck Jump Assessment: An exploratory factor analysis in a college age population. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 653–659, 2017—Due to the high rate of noncontact lower extremity injuries that occur in the collegiate setting, medical personnel are implementing screening mechanisms to identify those athletes that may be at risk for certain injuries before starting a sports season. The tuck jump assessment (TJA) was created as a “clinician friendly” tool to identify lower extremity landing technique flaws during a plyometric activity. There are 10 technique flaws that are assessed as either having the apparent deficit or not during the TJA. Technique flaws are then summed up for an overall score. Through expert consensus, these 10 technique flaws have been grouped into 5 modifiable risk factors: ligament dominance, quadriceps dominance, leg dominance or residual injury deficits, trunk dominance (“core” dysfunction), and technique perfection. Research has not investigated the psychometric properties of the TJA technique flaws or the modifiable risk factors. The present study is a psychometric analysis of the TJA technique flaws to measure the internal structure using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using data from collegiate athletes (n = 90) and a general college cohort (n = 99). The EFA suggested a 3 factor model accounting for 46% of the variance. The 3 factors were defined as fatigue, distal landing pattern, and proximal control. The results differ from the 5 modifiable risk categories as previously suggested. These results may question the use of a single score, a unidimensional construct, of the TJA for injury screening.
Effect of fertilization on the contents of macronutrients and chlorine in tobacco leaves cv. flue-cured (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.) in two municipalities in Huila, Colombia
Authors: Hoyos C. Verónica , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Plaza T. Guido 
Published: September 2015

In Colombia, there is little information on tobacco crops and the effect of fertilization on the nutrient content of leaves. The aim of this study was to determine the contents of mineral nutrients in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. flue-cured) plants subjected to different fertilizer rates and sources in two municipalities in the Huila Province (Colombia). Six foliar analyses, with three measurements from vegetative growth to flowering and three measurements during harvest, were carried out. Seven treatments, including six fertilization alternatives (three doses and two alternative sources of application) and a commercial control, were evaluated. The contents of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and chlorine in the leaves were evaluated. The leaf analyses performed from vegetative growth to flowering showed differences in the foliar contents of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and chlorine between the two municipalities and over time, with contents that increased. During this stage, the elements with higher accumulations in the plants included N, K, and Ca. At harvest, the contents of potassium, magnesium, and calcium decreased over time. For nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine, differences were found in the time-municipality interaction.
Physiological effects of water deficit on two oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genotypes
Authors: Jazayeri Seyed Mehdi , Rivera Yurany Dayanna , Camperos-Reyes Jhonatan Eduardo , Romero Hernán Mauricio 
Published: September 2015

Water supply is the main limiting factor that affects oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) yield. This study aimed to evaluate the gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity, determine the physiological effects and assess the tolerance potential of oil palm genotypes under water-deficit conditions. The two oil palm commercial genotypes IRHO1001 and IRHO7010 were exposed to soil water potentials of -0.042 MPa (field capacity or well-watered) or -1.5 MPa (drought-stressed). The leaf water potential and gas exchange parameters, including photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water use efficiency (WUE), as well as the photosynthesis reduction rate were monitored at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. The IRHO7010 genotype showed fewer photosynthesis changes and a smaller photosynthetic reduction under the prolonged water deficit conditions of 23% at 4 weeks after the treatment as compared to 53% at 8 weeks after treatment, but the IRHO1001 genotype showed 46% and 74% reduction at the two sampling times. 'IRHO7010' had a higher stomatal conductance and transpiration potential than 'IRHO1001' during the water shortage. The WUE and leaf water potential were not different between the genotypes during dehydration. The data suggested that 'IRHO7010' had a higher photosynthetic capacity during the drought stress and was more drought-tolerant than 'IRHO1001'.
HIV Testing and HIV Service Delivery to Populations at High Risk Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in the United States, 2011–2013
Authors: Seth Puja , Wang Guoshen , Sizemore Erin , Hogben Matthew 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We evaluated HIV testing and service delivery in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Methods. We assessed HIV testing, HIV positivity, receipt of HIV test results, linkage to medical care, and referral services from 61 health department jurisdictions from 2011 to 2013. Results. In 2013, 18.6% (621 010) of all CDC-funded HIV-testing events were conducted in STD clinics, and 0.8% were newly identified as HIV-positive. In addition, 27.3% of all newly identified HIV-positive persons and 30.1% of all newly identified HIV-positive men who have sex with men were identified in STD clinics. Linkage to care within any time frame was 63.8%, and linkage within 90 days was 55.3%. Although there was a decrease in first-time HIV testers in STD clinics from 2011 to 2013, identification of new positives increased. Conclusions. Although linkage to care and referral to partner services could be improved, STD clinics appear successful at serving populations disproportionately affected by HIV. These clinics may reach persons who may not otherwise seek HIV testing or medical services and provide an avenue for service provision to these populations.
The Rikers Island Hot Spotters: Defining the Needs of the Most Frequently Incarcerated
Authors: MacDonald Ross , Kaba Fatos , Rosner Zachary , Vise Allison , Weiss David , Brittner Mindy , Skerker Molly , Dickey Nathaniel , Venters Homer 
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We used “hot spotting” to characterize the persons most frequently admitted to the New York City jail system in 2013. Methods. We used our Correctional Health Services electronic health record to identify 800 patients admitted in 2013 who returned most since November 2008. We compared them to a randomly selected control group of 800 others admitted in 2013, by using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations, including data through December 2014. Results. The frequently incarcerated individuals had a median of 21 incarcerations (median duration 11 days), representing 18 713 admissions and $129 million in custody and health costs versus $38 million for the controls. The frequently incarcerated were significantly older (42 vs 35 years), and more likely to have serious mental illness (19% vs 8.5%) and homelessness (51.5% vs 14.7%) in their record. Significant substance use was highly prevalent (96.9% vs 55.6%). Most top criminal charges (88.7%) for the frequently incarcerated were misdemeanors; assault charges were less common (2.8% vs 10.4%). Conclusions. Frequently incarcerated persons have chronic mental health and substance use problems, their charges are generally minor, and incarceration is costly. Tailored supportive housing is likely to be less costly and improve outcomes.
Comments of the Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on the SEC's Concept Release No. 33-9862; 34-75344 File No. S7-13-15, Possible Revisions to Audit Committee Disclosures
Authors: Abernathy John , Felix Robert , Jamal Karim , Krishnamoorthy Ganesh , Pevzner Mikhail 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARY
Recently, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) solicited public comments on its Concept Release No. 33-9862; 34-75344 File No. S7-13-15, Possible Revisions to Audit Committee Disclosures. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on the various questions asked in the SEC's Release. The invitation to comment (which invited comments through September 8, 2015) is available at: https://www.sec.gov/rules/concept/2015/33-9862.pdf. Our comments submitted to the SEC appear below.