bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Examination of Deep Convective Squall-Line Sensitivity to Changes in Cloud Microphysical Parameters
Authors: Posselt Derek J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Deep convective cloud content, precipitation distribution and rate, dynamics, and radiative fluxes are known to be sensitive to the details of liquid- and ice-phase cloud microphysical processes. Previous studies have explored the multivariate convective response to changes in cloud microphysical parameter values in a framework that isolated the cloud and radiation schemes from the thermodynamic and dynamic environment. This study uses a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to generate sets of cloud microphysical parameters consistent with a specific storm environment in a three-dimensional cloud-system-resolving model. These parameter sets, and the corresponding large ensemble of model simulations, contain information about the univariate model sensitivity, as well as parameter–state and parameter–parameter interactions. Examination of the relationships between cloud parameters and in-cloud vertical motion and latent heat release provides information about the influence of microphysical processes on the in-cloud environment. Exploration of the joint dependence of microphysical properties and clear-air relative humidity and temperature allows an assessment of the influence of cloud microphysics on the near-cloud environment. Analysis of the MCMC results indicates the model output is sensitive to a small subset of the parameters. In addition, constraint of cloud microphysics using bulk observations of the hydrologic cycle and TOA radiative fluxes uniquely constrains vertical velocity, latent heat release, and the environmental temperature and relative humidity.
CFSv2-Based Statistical Prediction for Seasonal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Zhan Ruifen , Wang Yuqing 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A hybrid dynamical–statistical model is developed for predicting the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE)—a measure that can synthesize genesis number, mean life span, and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs)—in the typhoon season (June–October) over the western North Pacific (WNP) using data from both observations and seasonal forecasts of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s (NCEP’s) Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2). The model is built on the relationships between the observed ACE and the large-scale variables for the period of 1982–2010. Four predictors are selected based on both previous work in the literature and statistical analyses in this study, including vertical zonal wind shear over the equatorial western North Pacific (Ushear), sea surface temperature (SST) gradient (SSTG) between the southwestern Pacific (SWP) and the western Pacific warm pool, Niño-3.4 SST, and SWP SST. Based on the cross validation, the hybrid model is finally constructed with the combination of the summer Niño-3.4 and SWP SST at the 4-to-2-month lead (January–March) and the summer Ushear and the April SSTG at the 1-to-0-month lead (April–May). The hybrid model is shown to be skillful in predicting WNP seasonal ACE starting from January, with the correlation coefficient ranging between 0.58 and 0.81 and the root-mean-square error ranging between 1.26 and 0.91 (scaled by 105 m2 s−2) initiated from January to May. The prediction experiments for 2011–13 using the hybrid dynamical–statistical model showed better skill and longer leads than that using the pure statistical models.
Quantitative Sensitivity Analysis of Physical Parameterizations for Cases of Deep Convection in the NASA GEOS-5
Authors: Posselt Derek J. , Fryxell Bruce , Molod Andrea , Williams Brian 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Parameterization of processes that occur on length scales too small to resolve on a computational grid is a major source of uncertainty in global climate models. This study investigates the relative importance of a number of parameters used in the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5), atmospheric general circulation model, focusing on cloud, convection, and boundary layer parameterizations. Latin hypercube sampling is used to generate a few hundred sets of 19 candidate physics parameters, which are subsequently used to generate ensembles of single-column model realizations of cloud content, precipitation, and radiative fluxes for four different field campaigns. A Gaussian process model is then used to create a computationally inexpensive emulator for the simulation code that can be used to determine a measure of relative parameter sensitivity by sampling the response surface for a very large number of input parameter sets. Parameter sensitivities are computed for different geographic locations and seasons to determine whether the intrinsic sensitivity of the model parameterizations changes with season and location. The results indicate the same subset of parameters collectively control the model output across all experiments, independent of changes in the environment. These are the threshold relative humidity for cloud formation, the ice fall speeds, convective and large-scale autoconversion, deep convection relaxation time scale, maximum convective updraft diameter, and minimum ice effective radius. However, there are differences in the degree of parameter sensitivity between continental and tropical convective cases, as well as systematic changes in the degree of parameter influence and parameter–parameter interaction.
Optimization of the Cross-Correlation Algorithm for Two-Component Wind Field Estimation from Single Aerosol Lidar Data and Comparison with Doppler Lidar
Authors: Hamada Masaki , Dérian Pierre , Mauzey Christopher F. , Mayor Shane D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNumerical and field experiments were conducted to test an optimized cross-correlation algorithm (CCA) for the remote sensing of two-component wind vectors from horizontally scanning elastic backscatter lidar data. Each vector is the result of applying the algorithm to a square and contiguous subset of pixels (an interrogation window) in the lidar scan area. Synthetic aerosol distributions and flow fields were used to investigate the accuracy and precision of the technique. Results indicate that in neutral static stability, when the mean flow direction over the interrogation window is relatively uniform, the random error of the estimates increases as the mean wind speed and turbulence intensity increases. In convective conditions, larger errors may occur as a result of the cellular nature of convection and the dramatic changes in wind direction that may span the interrogation window. Synthetic fields were also used to determine the significance of various image processing and numerical steps used in the CCA. Results show that an iterative approach that dynamically reduces the block size provides the largest performance gains. Finally, data from a field experiment conducted in 2013 in Chico, California, are presented. Comparisons with Doppler lidar data indicate excellent agreement for the 10-min mean wind velocity computed over a set of 150 h: the root-mean-square deviations (and slopes) for the u and υ components are 0.36 m s−1 (0.974) and 0.37 m s−1 (0.991), respectively, with correlation coefficients > 0.99.
Metformin for treatment of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in a South Asian population with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study
Authors: de Silva Varuni A , Dayabandara Madhubhashinee , Wijesundara Hiranya , Henegama Thushani , Gunewardena Heshan , Suraweera Chathurie , Hanwella Raveen 
Published: October 2015

Background: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain causes serious health problems. We investigated the efficacy and safety of metformin in treating antipsychotic-induced weight gain in South Asian patients. Methods: Sixty six adult patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated, with atypical antipsychotics, and who had increased by more than 10% their pre treatment body weight, were randomly assigned to receive metformin or placebo in a double-blind study. Patients received usual treatment and metformin 500mg or placebo twice daily for 24 weeks. The primary outcome measure was change in body weight from baseline to week 24. Linear mixed models were used in the analysis. Results: Mean change in body weight in the metformin group was −1.56 kg (95% CI=−3.06 to −0.05) and 1.0kg (95% CI=0.03−1.97) in the placebo group. Between-group difference was 2.56 kg. At 24 weeks the between-group difference showed significant time-by-treatment interaction (F=3.23, p=0.004). Between-group difference in BMI showed significant time-by-treatment interaction (F=3.41 p=0.03). There was no significant difference in waist–hip ratio or fasting blood sugar. Conclusions: Metformin is effective in reducing weight in South Asian patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had increased their body by more than 10% after treatment with atypical antipsychotics.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: HOXD9 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis by ZEB1 regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lv Xiupeng , Li Linlin , Lv Li , Qu Xiaotong , Jin Shi , Li Kejun , Deng Xiaoqin , Cheng Lei , He Hui , Dong Lei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor that severely threatens human health. The poor prognosis of HCC is mainly attributed to intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases. HOXD9 proteins belong to a superfamily that regulates the development and control of many cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell shape, and cell migration. HOXD9 can also function as an oncogene in several cancer cells. However, its biological function in human HCC requires further investigation. In this study, HOXD9 exhibited high expression in invasive HCC cells. HOXD9 overexpression can significantly enhance HCC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, whereas silencing HOXD9 inhibits these processes. HOXD9 also promotes the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. Microarray analysis suggests that ZEB1 can function as a downstream factor of HOXD9. HOXD9 can interact with the promoter region of ZEB1 and promotes ZEB1 expression. ZEB1 knockdown inhibits HOXD9-induced migration and invasion, as well as EMT in HCC cells. This study helps elucidates the oncogenic functions of HOXD9 in HCC.
Outcome analysis of 215 patients with parotid gland tumors: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Erovic Boban M. , Shah Manish D. , Bruch Guillem , Johnston Meredith , Kim John , O'Sullivan Brian , Perez-Ordonez Bayardo , Weinreb Ilan , Atenafu Eshetu G. , de Almeida John R. , Gullane Patrick J. , Brown Dale , Gilbert Ralph W. , Irish Jonathan C. , Goldstein David P. 
Published: October 2015

Background To identify prognostic factors in patients with parotid gland carcinomas who were treated at the Princess Margaret Hospital. Methods Clinical outcome of two hundred fifteen patients with malignancies of the parotid gland was evaluated over a 16-year period. Results Two-hundred-fifteen patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma ( n = 20), adenocarcinoma ( n = 19), acinic cell carcinoma ( n = 62), basal cell adenocarcinoma ( n = 7), carcinoma-ex-pleomorphic adenoma ( n = 18), mucoepidermoid carcinoma ( n = 70) and salivary duct carcinoma ( n = 19) have been included. The 5- and 10-year overall and disease-free survivals were 80.62 %/69.48 % and 74.37 %/62.42 %, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that age greater than 60 years, advanced pN classification, histopathological grade and the presence of lymphovascular invasion significantly worsened overall and disease-free survival. Univariable analysis revealed periparotid lymph node involvement was associated with decreased overall ( p < 0.0001) and disease-free survival ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions In addition to age, pN classification, histopathological grade, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular involvement, periparotid lymph node metastasis appears to be an important prognosticator in parotid gland malignancy.
High quality draft genomes of the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides challenge strains Afadé and B237
Authors: Fischer Anne , Santana-Cruz Ivette , Hegerman Jan , Gourlé Hadrien , Schieck Elise , Lambert Mathieu , Nadendla Suvarna , Wesonga Hezron , Miller Rachel A. , Vashee Sanjay , Weber Johann , Meens Jochen , Frey Joachim , Jores Joerg 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMembers of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster’ represent important livestock pathogens worldwide. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is the etiologic agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), which is still endemic in many parts of Africa. We report the genome sequences and annotation of two frequently used challenge strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, Afadé and B237. The information provided will enable downstream ‘omics’ applications such as proteomics, transcriptomics and reverse vaccinology approaches. Despite the absence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae like cyto-adhesion encoding genes, the two strains showed the presence of protrusions. This phenotype is likely encoded by another set of genes.
Draft genome sequence of a nitrate-reducing, o-phthalate degrading bacterium, Azoarcus sp. strain PA01T
Authors: Junghare Madan , Patil Yogita , Schink Bernhard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAzoarcus sp. strain PA01T belongs to the genus Azoarcus, of the family Rhodocyclaceae within the class Betaproteobacteria. It is a facultatively anaerobic, mesophilic, non-motile, Gram-stain negative, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Constance, Germany. It is of interest because of its ability to degrade o-phthalate and a wide variety of aromatic compounds with nitrate as an electron acceptor. Elucidation of the o-phthalate degradation pathway may help to improve the treatment of phthalate-containing wastes in the future. Here, we describe the features of this organism, together with the draft genome sequence information and annotation. The draft genome consists of 4 contigs with 3,908,301 bp and an overall G + C content of 66.08 %. Out of 3,712 total genes predicted, 3,625 genes code for proteins and 87 genes for RNAs. The majority of the protein-encoding genes (83.51 %) were assigned a putative function while those remaining were annotated as hypothetical proteins.
Development of a Breast Cancer Treatment Program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti: Experiences From the Field
Authors: DeGennaro Vincent , Libby Rachel , Patberg Elizabeth , Gabriel Dieudina , Al-Quran Samer , Kasher Matthew , Heldermon Coy , Daily Karen , Auguste Joseph R. , Suprien Valery C. , Hurley Judith 
Published: October 2015

Purpose The nonprofit Project Medishare launched a breast cancer treatment program in Port-au-Prince in July 2013 to address the demand for breast cancer care in Haiti. We outline the development of the program, highlight specific challenges, and discuss key considerations for others working in global oncology. Methods We reflected on our experiences in the key areas of developing partnerships, building laboratory capacity, conducting medical training, using treatment algorithms, and ensuring access to safe, low-cost chemotherapy drugs. We also critically reviewed our costs and quality measures. Results The program has treated a total of 139 patients with breast cancer with strong adherence to treatment regimens in 85% of patients. In 273 chemotherapy administrations, no serious exposure or adverse safety events were reported by staff. The mortality rate for 94 patients for whom we have complete data was 24% with a median survival time of 53 months. Our outcome data were likely influenced by stage at presentation, with more than half of patients presenting more than 12 months after first noticing a tumor. Future efforts will therefore focus on continuing to improve the level of care, while working with local partners to spread awareness, increase screening, and get more women into care earlier in the course of their disease. Conclusion Our experiences may inform others working to implement protocol-based cancer treatment programs in resource-poor settings and can provide valuable lessons learned for future global oncology efforts.
International Framework for Cancer Patient Advocacy: Empowering Organizations and Patients to Create a National Call to Action on Cancer
Authors: Schear Rebekkah M. , Manasco Leigh , McGoldrick Devon , Kajana Kiti , Rosenthal Lauren , McMikel Ann , Lins Nancy 
Published: October 2015

Purpose With the rate of cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) growing globally, cancer prevention and control efforts are critical internationally. Moreover, since the 2011 United Nations High-Level Meeting on NCDs, the international health and development community has shifted its awareness to include NCDs as a global health priority, especially in developing countries where mortality rates are disproportionately high. Simultaneously, with the dissemination of the World Cancer Declaration and the evolution of cancer control policies, the international cancer community has recognized the value of engaging patients in reducing the global cancer burden. Cancer advocacy programs that involve patients, survivors, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have increasing opportunities for global impact. Methods We developed a framework over 4 years through implementation of two pilot projects. We created a series of trainings and tools to build the capacity of local NGOs and patients to plan and implement a forum for patients with cancer and to create and disseminate a national call to action. The framework was piloted in South Africa from 2009 to 2011 and Japan from 2012 to 2014, and results were measured through postproject surveys completed by members of the collaborative working group and interviews with the in-country partner. Results The framework is globally relevant and could be adapted and implemented in low- and middle-income countries to amplify patient voices in the policymaking process, increase grassroots mobilization, and improve health systems and infrastructure through addressing patient needs. Conclusion With the dominant paradigm of global health in developing countries—which has previously focused on HIV/AIDS, maternal and child health, tuberculosis, and malaria—shifting to adapt to the burgeoning NCD burden, effective patient-centered advocacy frameworks are critical to the success of NCD control.
Behavioural evidence for self-medication in bumblebees?
Authors: Baracchi David , Brown Mark J. F. , Chittka Lars 
Published: October 2015

The presence of antimicrobial secondary metabolites in nectar suggests that pollinators, which are threatened globally by emergent disease, may benefit from the consumption of nectars rich in these metabolites. We tested whether nicotine, a nectar secondary metabolite common inSolanaceaeandTiliaspecies, is used by parasitized bumblebees as a source of self-medication,using a series of toxicological, microbiological and behavioural experiments. Caged bees infected withCrithidia bombi had a slight preference for sucrose solution laced with the alkaloid and behavioural tests showed that the parasite infection induced an increased consumption of nicotine during foraging activity, though nicotine had an appetite-reducing effect overall. When ingested, nicotine delayed the progression of a gut infection in bumblebees by a few days, but dietary nicotine did not clear the infection, and after 10 days the parasite load approached that of control bees. Moreover, when pathogens were exposed to the alkaloid prior to host ingestion, the protozoan’s viability was not directly affected, suggesting that anti-parasite effects were relatively weak. Nicotine consumption in a single dose did not impose any cost even in starved bees but the alkaloid had detrimental effects on healthy bees if consistently consumed for weeks. These toxic effects disappeared in infected bees, suggesting that detoxification costs might have been counterbalanced by the advantages in slowing the progression of the infection. Nicotine consumption did not affect bee lifespan but the reduction in the parasite load may have other likely unexplored subtle benefits both for individual bees and their colony. Potential evidence for self-medication is discussed. The contention that secondary metabolites in nectar may be under selection from pollinators, or used by plants to enhance their own reproductive success, remains to be confirmed.
State University of Management’s Scientific School “Risk Management and Security Assurance for Social-Economic and Political Systems”
Authors: Вишняков  , Vishnyakov YAkov , Киселева  , Kisyelyeva Svyetlana 
Published: October 2015

The urgency related to solution of problems in the area of risk management, rational nature management
and environmental security providing has been marked in this paper. The importance of environmentfocused
education and tasks in this area has been emphasized. A place and role of the State University
of Management’s Scientific School “Risk Management and Security Assurance for Social-Economic and
Political Systems” have been marked. Directions, mission, strategic goal, and tasks of scientific school have
been considered. The basic information about the Nature Management and Environmental Security Chair,
which is the basis for the scientific school development, as well as about this scientific school’s personnel
potential has been provided. Educational programs realized by the chair with application of scientific
school’s activity results have been specified. Representative activities of scientific school members, their
collaboration with external organizations, and employment assistance for graduates of Nature Management
and Environmental Security Chair’s educational programs have been considered. The information about
workshops, conferences and forums organized by the scientific school, its members participation in these
events, scientific school members’ research and publishing activities, received grants, inventions have
been presented, as well as awards for the scientific school collective. The scientific school collective’s main
scientific results have been considered, as well as their realization and implementation. The development
of the scientific school “Risk Management and Security Assurance for Social-Economic and Political
Systems” is connected with the necessity of ecological crisis overcoming and country’s national security
protection. The State University of Management role as the founder and leader in the development of the
education in the area of risk management and security assurance for social-economic and political systems
in the Russian Federation has been marked. The importance of concerted action of research and education
community, business and State for further development of the scientific school “Risk Management and
Security Assurance for Social-Economic and Political Systems” has been pointed out.
Multinational Teams: The Human Challenge to Global Organizations
Authors: Тиаги  , Tyagi Parul 
Published: October 2015

Multinational teams are the teams consisting of representatives from diverse cultural traditions. Evolution
of these global teams can be used as competitive advantage allowing making of new and effective business
solutions. With expanding of world markets and international business competition increasing comes
a corresponding demand for organizations and individuals which are ready to word in this new area of global
trade. Evolution of the global teams provides strategies and ideas to take leading positions. Global organizations
must manage cultural diversity to create synergies both within the company and between the company
and its external environment. Competence to direct the multicultural/multinational team is very important for
a truly global company.