bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early British Public Library Annual Reports: Then and Now Part I
Authors: Peatling G. K. , Baggs Chris 
Published: January 2014

Of the 566 library authorities functioning in Britain and Ireland by 1918, most seem to have published annual reports on their progress, at least at some point following their establishment. So far as they survive and can be traced, these documents, though varying greatly in length, commonly contain a narrative or textual commentary on the progress of the institutions during the report period, statistical and tabular details about the institutions such as information regarding stock, issues, and borrowers, and lists of data such as committee members, donations received and periodicals taken. Some published annual reports documenting the working of public libraries also contain data as to the progress of allied cultural institutions such as museums, art galleries, technical and adult education facilities, and parks and recreation grounds. They were often signed by the local public library committee chairman and addressed to a local council, although some were signed by a librarian or curator and addressed to the library or other committee. In both cases they were accessible to members of the public, and it seems fair to assume that the staff of the institution concerned would commonly have had a hand in their writing. Following the acquisition by the Thomas Parry Library at the University of Wales Aberystwyth of a large collection of historic public library annual reports which the Library Association was on the verge of discarding, the AHRB (Arts and Humanities Research Board) agreed to fund a fifteen-month project between April 2000 and July 2001 to examine the utility of these documents to historians of the period ca. 1850–1919. In view of the lack of thematic historical work on public library annual reports (and indeed on annual reports as a wider genre), this two-part essay will address the genesis and character of these documents from a broad perspective, and assess their impact and significance for contemporaries and for historians in a range of disciplines. After describing the evolution of the public library annual report as a genre, this first paper will discuss the nature of their use to date, and will argue that current common historiographical assumptions as to the limited utility of these documents are flawed. The second paper will assess the value and contemporary importance of the documents in the expansion of the public library movement.
Previous infection with Staphylococcus aureusstrains attenuated experimental encephalomyelitis
Authors: França Thais Graziela Donegá , Chiuso-Minicucci Fernanda , Zorzella-Pezavento Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves , Ishikawa Larissa Lumi Watanabe , da Rosa Larissa Camargo , Colavite Priscila Maria , Marques Camila , Ikoma Maura Rosane Valério , da Cunha Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza , Sartori Alexandrina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundBacterial superantigens are potent T cell activators that can activate T cells with specificity for antigens of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we compared the effect of twoS. aureusstrains on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development. C57BL/6 female mice were infected withS. aureusATCC 51650, which produces toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1+) orS. aureusATCC 43300, which does not produce toxins (TOX-). Three days later, the animals were subjected to EAE induction by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The weight variation, disease incidence and clinical score were recorded daily. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the brain were evaluated during the acute disease phase. Cytokines and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the spleen and histopathological analysis of the CNS were assessed during the chronic stage.ResultsPrevious infection with both strains similarly decreased the clinical score; however, only the TSST-1+ strain clearly diminished inflammation in the CNS. The infections also modulated cytokine production in the spleen and CNS. Reduced production of IL-5 and IL-10 was detected in MOG-stimulated spleen cultures in the TOX- and TSST-1+ infected groups, respectively. InS. aureusstimulated cultures, there was an increased production of IFN-γ and IL-10 in both infected groups and an increased level of IL-5 in the TSST-1+ group. CNS infiltrating cell cultures from previously infected mice produced less IL-17 in response to MOG and more IFN-γ in response toS. aureusstimulation.ConclusionsThese results indicated that both strains attenuated clinical EAE manifestations, but only TSST-1 clearly decreased CNS inflammation.
At the mercy of the elements: Cultural preservation of ancient sites in Mosul (Nineveh Provence)
Authors: Malko Helen , Yakou Nineveh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article presents the richness of Mosul’s cultural heritage and its historical roots. It also lays out the various elements that played a role in the loss of important cultural heritage sites throughout the city, particularly in the last ten years. While modernization and development, neglect and decay, wars and economic sanctions have taken their toll on the city’s cultural heritage, the absence of historic preservation legislation, preservation authority, national register, and planning authority have resulted in even greater losses. In spite of the antiquity laws that protect and preserve the heritage of Mosul and of Iraq, many archaeological and historical monuments have been destroyed and lost. While examples of successful preservation projects are present in the city, more work is urgently needed to prevent further damage.
Calderón–Zygmund theory for parabolic obstacle problems with nonstandard growth
Authors: Erhardt André 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
We establish local Calderón–Zygmund estimates for solutions to certain parabolic problems with irregular obstacles and nonstandard

p
(
x
,
t
)

${p(x,t)}$

-growth. More precisely, we will show that the spatial gradient

D
u

${Du}$

of the solution to the obstacle problem is as integrable as the obstacle

ψ

${\psi }$

, i.e.

|
D
ψ
|

p
(

·

)

,
|

∂
t

ψ
|

γ
1
'

∈

L
loc
q

⇒

|
D
u
|

p
(

·

)

∈

L
loc
q

,

for

any

q
>
1
,

$
|D\psi |^{p(\,\cdot \,)},|\partial _t\psi |^{\gamma _1^{\prime }}\in L^q_\mathrm {loc}\Rightarrow |Du|^{p(\,\cdot \,)}\in L^q_\mathrm {loc},\quad \text{for any}~q&gt;1,
$

where

γ
1
'

=

γ
1

γ
1

-
1

${\gamma _1^{\prime }=\frac{\gamma _1}{\gamma _1-1}}$

and

γ
1

${\gamma _1}$

is the lower bound for

p
(

·

)

${p(\,\cdot \,)}$

.
Wound plug chemistry and morphology of two species of Caulerpa – a comparative Raman microscopy study
Authors: Grosser Katharina , Weissflog Ina , Dietzek Benjamin , Popp Juergen , Pohnert Georg 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Caulerpa spp. form a polymer wound plug that seals their giant cells after mechanical injury, in order to prevent fatal loss of cell material. Initial mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy investigations revealed the involvement of the secondary metabolite caulerpenyne in wound sealing polymer formation. In this work, we introduce a comparative Raman spectroscopic study of the wound plug formation in the invasive Caulerpa taxifolia (Valh) Agardh, 1817 and the non-invasive Caulerpa prolifera J.V. Lamour. In both species, the enzymatic transformation of the main secondary metabolite caulerpenyne plays a key role in wound plug formation. An accumulation of caulerpenyne is observed at the inner border of the wound plugs. Furthermore, caulerpenyne and products resulting from its enzymatic transformation and co-polymerization with proteins are found within the wound plug. However, there are significant differences in the chemistry of the wound plugs between the species. The Raman spectra reveal a zonation of the wound plug of C. taxifolia into four chemically distinguishable regions, while that of C. prolifera consists of only three regions with specific chemical composition. These results explain differences in the morphology of the wound plug in both species.
Cones of certain isolated left orderings and chain domains
Authors: Halimi Nazer H. , Ito Tetsuya 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We observe interesting interactions among isolated orderings of groups, exceptional prime segments of cones, and exceptional prime ideals of chain domains.
We study the structure of certain isolated left orderings and their cones, and use this to construct a new family of chain domains with prime but not completely prime ideals.
Evolutionary optimization of interval mathematics-based design of a TSK fuzzy controller for anti-sway crane control
Authors: Smoczek Jarosław 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A hybrid method combining an evolutionary search strategy, interval mathematics and pole assignment-based closed-loop control synthesis is proposed to design a robust TSK fuzzy controller. The design objective is to minimize the number of linear controllers associated with rule conclusions and tune the triangular-shaped membership function parameters of a fuzzy controller to satisfy stability and desired dynamic performances in the presence of system parameter variation. The robust performance objective function is derived based on an interval Diophantine equation. Thus, the objective of a fuzzy logic-based control scheme is to place all the closed-loop control system characteristic polynomial coefficients within desired intervals. The reproduction process in the proposed Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) is based on the arithmetical crossover, uniform and non-uniform mutation along with gene deletion/insertion mutation ensuring a diversity of genomes sizes, as well as a diversity in the parameter space of membership functions. The proposed algorithm was implemented to design a fuzzy logic-based anti-sway crane control system taking into consideration the rope length and the mass of a payload variation. The results of experiments conducted using the EA for different conditions assumed for system parameter intervals and desired closed-loop system performances are compared with results achieved using the iterative procedure which is also described in the paper.
A method of constructing the frame of a directed graph
Authors: Hofuku Ichiro , Oshima Kunio 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In web search engines, such as Google, the ranking of a particular keyword is determined by mathematical tools, e.g., Pagerank or Hits. However, as the size of the network increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to use keyword ranking to quickly find the information required by an individual user. One reason for this phenomenon is the interference of superfluous information with the link structure. The WorldWideWeb can be expressed as an enormous directed graph. The purpose of the present study is to provide tools for studying the web as a directed graph in order to find clues to the solution of the problem of interference from superfluous information, and to reform the directed graph to clarify the relationships between the nodes.
Research of the Optimization of a Data Mining Algorithm Based on an Embedded Data Mining System
Authors: Wang Xindi , Chen Mengfei , Chen Li 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
At present most of the data mining systems are independent with respect to the database system, and data loading and conversion take much time. The running time of the algorithms in a data mining process is also long. Although some optimized algorithms have improved it in different aspects, they could not improve the efficiency to a large extent when many duplicate records are available in a database. Solving the problem of improving the efficiency of data mining in the presence of many coinciding records in a database, an Apriori optimized algorithm is proposed. Firstly, a new concept of duplication and use is suggested to remove and count the same records, in order to generate a new database of a small size. Secondly, the original database is compressed according to the users’ requirements. At last, finding the frequent item sets based on binary coding, strong association rules are obtained. The structure of the data mining system based on an embedded database has also been designed in this paper. The theoretical analysis and experimental verification prove that the optimized algorithm is appropriate and the algorithm application in an embedded data mining system can further improve the mining efficiency.
A New Privacy Preserving Association Rule Mining Algorithm Based on Hybrid Partial Hiding Strategy
Authors: Zhu Jian-Ming , Zhang Ning , Li Zhan-Yu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Data mining is the progress of automatically discovering high level data and trends in large amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. In order to improve the privacy preservation of association rule mining, a hybrid partial hiding algorithm (HPH) is proposed. The original data set can be interfered and transformed by different random parameters. Then, the algorithm of generating frequent items based on HPH is presented. Finally, it can be proved that the privacy of HPH algorithm is better than that of the original algorithm.
Research on Profit Distribution of Software Outsourcing Alliances Based on the Improved Shapley Value Model
Authors: Lv Xiyan , Zhao Suyan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
With the development of software outsourcing industry, there is a growing trend to establish the software outsourcing alliances. Whether alliances’ profit distribution is reasonable affects directly and significantly alliances’ stability. This paper introduces the Shapley value method which is a common profit distribution method applicable to multiple people cooperation. Due to the weakness of the Shapley value method, AHP is used to analyze the influence factors and adjust the model. The anticipated outcome of the result is to provide a theoretical support for the profit distribution of the software outsourcing alliances in the future.
UARR: A Novel Similarity Measure for Collaborative Filtering Recommendation
Authors: Huang Yue , Gao Xuedong , Gu Shujuan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
User similarity measurement plays a key role in collaborative filtering recommendation which is the most widely applied technique in recommender systems. Traditional user-based collaborative filtering recommendation methods focus on absolute rating difference of common rated items while neglecting the relative rating level difference to the same items. In order to overcome this drawback, we propose a novel user similarity measure which takes into account the degree of rating the level gap that users could accept. The results of collaborative filtering recommendation based on User Acceptable Rating Radius (UARR) on a real movie rating data set, the MovieLens data set, prove to generate more accurate prediction results compared to the traditional similarity methods.
A Cloud Computing Service Architecture of a Parallel Algorithm Oriented to Scientific Computing with CUDA and Monte Carlo
Authors: Yimu Ji , Zizhuo Kuang , Yu Pan Qiao , Yanpeng Sun , Jiangbang Kang , Wei Huang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The GPGPU (General Purpose Graphics Processing Units) have become a whole new area for research due to the fast development of GPU hardware and programming tools, such as CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). Here we have made a research on CUDA and its applications in the field of scientific computation, as organ electronics. We propose one solution of the parallel computation in global optimization of the physical characteristics in organ electronics with Monte Carlo, and one cloud service architecture for parallel computation of organ electronics was designed. Finally, one case of computing the organ molecule moving orbit was implemented based on the above solution and architecture, and has got a good display by the cloud service.
Factors influencing consumer behavior relating to the purchase of honey part 2. Product quality and packaging
Authors: Roman Adam , Popiela-Pleban Ewa , Kozak Maria , Roman Katarzyna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Research surveys were conducted from August through December 2011 and March through July 2012, in the regions of Lower Silesia, Opole, Silesia, and Wielkopolska, Poland. Respondents were chosen randomly and a sample of 540 respondents were surveyed. The first aim of this study was to investigate the quality and aesthetic factors expected of honey and its packaging in order to establish their influence on decisions related to the purchase of honey. The second aim was to determine the importance of the aesthetic factors of honey and its packaging in the process of influencing consumer behavior related to the purchase of honey. As many as 78% of respondents said that the honey from a beekeeper was better than that offered in the stores. A large number of respondents, 88.3%, choose honey produced domestically. However, our study showed that for 43.4% of the respondents, packaging and visual features did not affect the purchase of the product. Only for 23% of respondents, the origin of the honey and quality which was guaranteed with certificates were the most important factors taken into account when deciding on the place or form of a honey purchase. The varieties of honey most often indicated by the respondents were: multifloral honey 46.9%, linden honey 42.5%, rapeseed honey 16.2%, and acacia honey 12.8%. The selection of honey varieties was primarily determined by psychological factors, social factors, and only later by convenience of consumption or financial situation.
EFFECTS OF INHIBITORS ON HAEMOLYMPH PHENOLOXIDASE FROM ROSACEOUS BRANCH BORER, OSPHERANTERIA COERULESCENS (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Gholami Tahareh , Ghadamyari Mohammad , Oliaee Ali Olyaie , Ajamhasani Maryan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The rosaceous branch borer, Ospheranteria coerulescens, is an important pest of rosaceous trees. This insect feeds on the twigs and branches of living trees and causes their death. The characterization of the insect phenoloxidase (PO) is of interest when doing comparative investigations, and so that we may be able to understand its biochemical properties. When designing new methods of insect control such as the use of PO inhibitors, an understanding of the biochemical properties is fundamental. In this study, PO from hemolymph of the rosaceous branch borer was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The biochemical properties were characterized using l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the specific substrate. The apparent molecular weights of the three isoforms of PO were determined by SDS-PAGE to be 85.23, 79.45, and 66.06 kDa. Optimal pH for PO activity was pH 8, and the optimal temperature was 45°C. Phenoloxidase lost less than 50% of its relative activity after a 60 min incubation at the optimal temperature. The effects of ions and chemical materials such as K+, Ba2+, Zn2+ and EDTA on PO showed that PO activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2+. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) were 88.61 mM and 0.14 μmol/min, respectively. The inhibitory effects of kojic acid, 4-hexylresorsinol, and quercetin on PO were determined, and the IC50s (inhibitory concentration) were estimated as 23.31 for kojic acid, 35.75 for 4-hexylresorcinol, and 60.8 μM for quercetin. The inhibitory potency of kojic acid was 1.54 times higher than that of 4-hexylresorcinol and 2.58 times higher than that of quercetin. Phenoloxidase was effectively inhibited by 4-hexylresorcinol, and the inhibition type was competitive. The inhibition types of PO by kojic acid and quercetin were found to be mixed.
Use of heparin in neurointervention: a review of the literature
Authors: Zenteno M. , Moscote-Salazar L.R. , Alvis-Miranda H. , Lee A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: The use of heparin is routine in endovascular procedures as a strategy in many centers that perform neurointerventional procedures to prevent occlusion of the catheters, but the use of this drug carries risks such as heparininduced thrombocytopenia.
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature.
Material and methods: We conducted an extensive search and review of published papers about heparin and neurointerventional procedures.
Results: The evidence in the literature is weak in relation to the use of heparin and the reduction of embolic effects associated with their use in endovascular procedures.
Conclusion: The evidence on the use of heparin for the prevention of thromboembolic events in endovascular procedures are of low quality. There is insufficient evidence to conclude a potential benefit of heparin is useful in neurointerventional procedures. Prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of heparin and avoid exposing patients to potential risks.
LEGAL TRANSLATION COMPETENCE IN THE LIGHT OF TRANSLATIONAL HERMENEUTICS
Authors: Piecychna Beata 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the concept of translation competence as seen from the perspective of translational hermeneutics. The first part of the article provides a short survey of how translation competence and its develop- ment has been described so far, with a particular focus on the legal translator’s skills and abilities. The second part of the paper briefly presents the notion of translational hermeneutics together with its main concepts. The aim of this part of the article is also to show similarities between the translation phenomenon and hermeneutical studies. Finally, building on Stolze’s (2011) hermeneutical model of translation, the last part of the paper presents the main features of a hermeneutical model of legal translation competence.
HE ESP TEACHER AS RESEARCHER
Authors: Potocka Dorota , Sierocka Halina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The field of language teaching, both TESOL and ESP, is undergo- ing rapid changes. It is responding to new educational trends and paradigms and institutions face new challenges connected with changes in the curriculum, national tests and student needs. As a result, language teachers need to update their professional knowledge by taking on new roles, such as those of teacher- researcher. The purpose of this paper is to present new developments in the area of general language teaching research, with a particular focus on meth- ods of qualitative research that might be found useful while examining certain aspects of teaching in the field of ESP, such as case studies, action research, interviews or observations. The presentation of research methods is followed by a review of research practice focused on pedagogical issues published in re- cent years in ESP journals, such as English for Specific Purposes, The Asian ESP Journal or Journal of English for Academic Purposes. Of major interest are articles on Legal English. The article concludes with suggestions for further study.
Calculation of excitation functions for the production of Cu and Co medical isotopes
Authors: Akca S. , Tel E. , Kara A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Copper and cobalt radioisotopes have been used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the field of nuclear medicine. There is considerable interest in 60
,61,64,67Cu and 55,57Co radioisotopes for some applications like PET, SPECT imaging and targeted radiotherapy of tumors. In present study, the production of 60,61,64,67Cu and 55,57Co via 64Zn(p,α)61Cu, 67Zn(p,α)64Cu, 70Zn(p,α)67Cu, 58Ni(p,α)55Co, 60Ni(p,α)57Co, 64Zn(p,nα)6°Cu and 68Zn(p,nα)64Cu reactions have been investigated in the range of 5–40 MeV proton incident energy. The new version of the code ALICE-2011 is used to determine the excitation functions of these nuclear reactions. The calculated excitation functions were compared with experimental results and semi-empirical cross section values of a previously developed model.