bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TiO2/Cu2O Core/Ultrathin Shell Nanorods as Efficient and Stable Photocatalysts for Water Reduction
Authors: Liu Yuanxu , Zhang Bingsen , Luo Liangfeng , Chen Xuanye , Wang Zhonglei , Wu Erlong , Su Dangsheng , Huang Weixin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractP‐type Cu2O has been long considered as an attractive photocatalyst for photocatalytic water reduction, but few successful examples has been reported. Here, we report the synthesis of TiO2 (core)/Cu2O (ultrathin film shell) nanorods by a redox reaction between Cu2+ and in‐situ generated Ti3+ when Cu2+‐exchanged H‐titanate nanotubes are calcined in air. Owing to the strong TiO2‐Cu2O interfacial interaction, TiO2 (core)/Cu2O (ultrathin film shell) nanorods are highly active and stable in photocatalytic water reduction. The TiO2 core and Cu2O ultrathin film shell respectively act as the photosensitizer and cocatalyst, and both the photoexcited electrons in the conduction band and the holes in the valence band of TiO2 respectively transfer to the conduction band and valence band of the Cu2O ultrathin film shell. Our results unambiguously show that Cu2O itself can act as the highly active and stable cocatalyst for photocatalytic water reduction.
Anatomy of the Murine Hepatobiliary System: A Whole‐Organ‐Level Analysis Using a Transparency Method
Authors: Higashiyama Hiroki , Sumitomo Hiroyuki , Ozawa Aisa , Igarashi Hitomi , Tsunekawa Naoki , Kurohmaru Masamichi , Kanai Yoshiakira 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe biliary tract is a well‐branched ductal structure that exhibits great variation in morphology among vertebrates. Its function is maintained by complex constructions of blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscles, the so‐called hepatobiliary system. Although the mouse (Mus musculus) has been used as a model organism for humans, the morphology of its hepatobiliary system has not been well documented at the topographical level, mostly because of its small size and complexity. To reconcile this, we conducted whole‐mount anatomical descriptions of the murine extrahepatic biliary tracts with related blood vessels, nerves, and smooth muscles using a recently developed transparentizing method, CUBIC. Several major differences from humans were found in mice: (1) among the biliary arteries, the arteria gastrica sinistra accessoria was commonly found, which rarely appears in humans; (2) the sphincter muscle in the choledochoduodenal junction is unseparated from the duodenal muscle; (3) the pancreatic duct opens to the bile duct without any sphincter muscles because of its distance from the duodenum. This state is identical to a human congenital malformation, an anomalous arrangement of pancreaticobiliary ducts. However, other parts of the murine hepatobiliary system (such as the branching patterns of the biliary tract, blood vessels, and nerves) presented the same patterns as humans and other mammals topologically. Thus, the mouse is useful as an experimental model for studying the human hepatobiliary system. Anat Rec, 299:161–172, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent Influence on the Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol over Pt/SiO2 and Pt/H‐MFI 90 Catalysts
Authors: Hellinger Melanie , Carvalho Hudson Wallace Pereira de , Baier Sina , Gharnati Loubna , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSecond generation biofuels are produced in the bioliq® process at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology via gasification of pyrolysis oil and synthesis of gasoline from the emerging synthesis gas. An alternative strategy is the direct upgrading of the pyrolysis oil by hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). The present study reports on the HDO of guaiacol as one of the phenolic compounds strongly abundant in such mixtures. Special focus was laid on the solvent influence using Pt‐based catalysts. Higher HDO ability was seen using nonpolar solvents and acidic supports. Characterization of the catalysts before and after the test showed that the solvent did not only influence the reactivity, but also the catalyst stability.
Effect of emotion on memory for words and their context
Authors: Riegel Monika , Wierzba Małgorzata , Grabowska Anna , Jednoróg Katarzyna , Marchewka Artur 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTEmotion influences various cognitive processes, such as memory. This beneficial or detrimental effect can be studied with verbal material, yet in this case a broad term of context has to be taken into account. The present work reviews recent literature and proposes that traditional differentiation between semantic and environmental context should be replaced with a novel conceptualization of hippocampus‐dependent relational memory and item memory (related to the activations of cuneus and left amygdala). Additionally, instead of list‐learning paradigms, words should be memorized in the context of sentences or stories for better control over their meaning. The recent evidence suggests that of particular importance for ecological validity in research paradigms is the presence of communicative and social context of verbal material related to such processes as theory of mind and brain activations in temporoparietal junction, posterior cingulate cortex, and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. We propose that studying memory of verbal material within context gives a better understanding of enhancing and impairing effects of emotion as well as of the underlying brain mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1636–1645, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐year follow‐up results from AUGMENT‐HF: a multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of left ventricular augmentation with Algisyl in the treatment of heart failure
Authors: Mann Douglas L. , Lee Randall J. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Neagoe Gheorghe , Dragomir Dinu , Pusineri Enrico , Piredda Massimo , Bettari Luca , Kirwan Bridget‐Anne , Dowling Robert , Volterrani Maurizio , Solomon Scott D. , Sabbah Hani N. , Hinson Andy , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: November 2015

AimsAUGMENT‐HF was an international, multicentre, prospective, open‐label, randomized, controlled evaluation testing the hypothesis that Algisyl (injectable calcium alginate hydrogel) is superior to standard medical therapy (SMT) for improving functional capacity and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). We previously reported results following 6 months of follow‐up. This report presents the results from 1 year of extended follow up for this clinical trial.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 78 patients with advanced HF, randomized (1:1), to Algisyl with SMT or SMT alone as previously reported. Patient inclusion criteria were LVEF ≤35%, peak VO2 of 9.0–14.5 mL/min/kg and LV end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD) index 30–40 mm/m2 (LVEDD/body surface area). Patients must have been on stable, evidence‐based therapy for HF. A total of 58 patients, mean age 62.3 ± 9.6 years, with ischaemic (57.7%) or non‐ischaemic (42.3%) HF completed 12 months of follow‐up. Treatment with Algisyl was associated with improved peak VO2 at 12 months; treatment effect vs. control of +2.10 mL/kg/min (95% confidence interval 0.96–3.24, P < 0.001). Statistically significant improvements were observed for VO2 at anaerobic threshold, 6‐min walk test distance, and NYHA functional class (all P < 0.001). Through 12 months of follow‐up there were 4 (10.5%) deaths in the control group and 9 (22.5%) deaths in the Algisyl group.ConclusionsAlgisyl in addition to SMT was more effective than SMT alone for providing sustained 1‐year benefits in exercise capacity, symptoms, and clinical status for patients with advanced HF. These data support larger clinical evaluations of this novel therapy.
Transoral robotic surgery for early T classification hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Wang Chen‐Chi , Liu Shih‐An , Wu Shang‐Heng , Wang Ching‐Ping , Liang Kai‐Li , Jiang Rong‐San , Lin Jin‐Ching 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundFor hypopharyngeal cancer, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been reported as a new organ preserving treatment but outcomes are rarely reported.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2013, 10 patients with early T classification pyriform sinus cancer were selected to receive TORS and conventional neck dissection. The clinical parameters, including rates of adjuvant radiotherapy, survivals, as well as organ and function preservation, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsTORS was successful in all 10 patients, and 5 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. After mean follow‐up of 26 months, 1 patient died of distant metastasis and 1 patient died of other malignancy. There was no local recurrence and larynxes were all preserved. Eight surviving patients who were followed up continuously could receive oral intake and had a serviceable voice without tracheostomy or feeding tubes.ConclusionTORS is a feasible transoral approach for selected patients with early T classification hypopharyngeal cancer. The reported oncologic/functional outcomes are satisfactory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 857–862, 2016
Feasibility of surgeon‐performed ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy in the thyroid and lymph nodes
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Sohn Jin Ho , Yeo Chang Ki , Jeon Jae Han 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy (CNB) performed by a surgeon for mass lesions in the thyroid and lymph nodes.MethodsA single surgeon performed 30 office‐based ultrasound‐guided CNB procedures for mass lesions in the thyroid and lymph nodes that were previously biopsied by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The procedure time, targeting success, pathological diagnosis, and complications were evaluated.ResultsThe mean procedure time for ultrasound‐guided CNB was 6.7 minutes, and it reached a plateau of 4 to 7 minutes after the first 5 procedures. The overall unsatisfactory sampling rate was 3.3% (1 of 30). Specific pathological diagnoses that permitted the surgeon to establish an appropriate treatment plan were provided in 93.3% of the patients (28 of 30). There were no major complications.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided CNB is technically feasible for a head and neck surgeon and a useful adjunct technique when ultrasound‐guided FNAC is inadequate for mass lesions in the thyroid and lymph nodes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1413–E1418, 2016
Efficacy of pectoralis major muscle flap for pharyngocutaneous fistula prevention in salvage total laryngectomy: A systematic review
Authors: Guimarães André Vicente , Aires Felipe Toyama , Dedivitis Rogério Aparecido , Kulcsar Marco Aurélio Vamondes , Ramos Daniel Marin , Cernea Claudio Roberto , Brandão Lenine Garcia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe role of pectoralis major muscle flap (PMMF) in reducing the rate of pharyngocutaneous fistula after salvage total laryngectomy has not been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PMMF in reducing pharyngocutaneous fistula rates after total laryngectomy.MethodsThe analyzed intervention was the use of a PMMF after total laryngectomy.ResultsPharyngocutaneous fistula occurred in 230 cases (global incidence, 30.9%). In the group of patients who underwent PMMFs, there were 49 cases of pharyngocutaneous fistula, compared with 181 cases in the control group. There was a 22% decreased risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula incidence in the PMMF group (p < .001). Patients who underwent a PMMF had lower risk of pharyngocutaneous fistula compared with the control group (p = .008). There were no changes when only patients who underwent total laryngectomy (p < .001) and those who underwent total pharyngolaryngectomy (p = .007) were separately assessed.ConclusionProphylactic use of PMMF decreases the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula after salvage total laryngectomy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2317–E2321, 2016
Valid and reliable techniques for measuring fibrosis in patients with head and neck cancer postradiotherapy: A systematic review
Authors: Shaw Stephanie M. , Skoretz Stacey A. , O'Sullivan Brian , Hope Andrew , Liu Louis W. C. , Martino Rosemary 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundFibrosis is a common side effect of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Although treatments for fibrosis have been developed, valid and reliable measurement tools are needed to verify their efficacy. The purpose of this review was to identify and appraise tools used to measure head and neck fibrosis.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for primary research published through April 2014. Main search terms included head and neck cancer, radiotherapy, fibrosis, validity, and reliability. Methodological quality was assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2). Two blinded raters conducted all assessments. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.ResultsThe search retrieved 534 unique citations. Nine studies met our inclusion criteria, representing 9 different tools. Only 1 tool was assessed for reliability and validity. QUADAS‐2 revealed that all studies were at risk for bias.ConclusionTo date, there are no valid and reliable techniques for measuring fibrosis postradiotherapy for head and neck cancer, especially within the suprahyoid and pharyngeal regions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2322–E2334, 2016
Endoscope‐guided coblator tongue base resection using an endoscope‐holding system for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Cho Hyung‐Ju , Park Do‐Yang , Min Hyun Jin , Chung Hyo Jin , Lee Jeung‐Gweon , Kim Chang‐Hoon 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundMultilevel obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea commonly includes retroglossal obstruction. To improve surgical success rates, tongue volume reduction with posterior midline glossectomy and/or lingual tonsillectomy is widely performed.MethodsNasotracheal intubation was utilized, and the combined tongue procedure was performed as a final step after palatal surgery. The tongue was pulled maximally by a retraction suture and a McIVOR (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) or Davis mouth gag (Karl Storz,Tuttlingen, Germany), and a medium‐length tongue blade was applied to expose the tongue base. A 70‐degree rigid endoscope was fixed by the holding system and introduced into the oral cavity. Endoscope‐guided coblator tongue base resection was then performed.ResultsThe surgeon could use both hands for the surgery, enabling a more delicate resection of tongue base tissue.ConclusionThis technique was acceptable and can be successfully used in patients with a large tongue, in whom exposing the tongue base for surgery is difficult. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 635–639, 2016
Long‐term functional results after open partial horizontal laryngectomy type IIa and type IIIa: A comparison study
Authors: Schindler Antonio , Pizzorni Nicole , Fantini Marco , Crosetti Erika , Bertolin Andy , Rizzotto Giuseppe , Succo Giovanni 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare long‐term swallowing, voice results, and quality of life (QOL) after open partial horizontal laryngectomy (OPHL) type IIa and type IIIa.MethodsTwenty‐three patients after OPHL type IIa and 18 patients after OPHL type IIIa were involved. Swallowing skills and neoglottis’ motility and vibrations were videoendoscopically assessed. Aerodynamic measures, spectrogram analysis, aspiration pneumonia, body weight variations, and voice perceptual assessment were performed. Generic voice‐related and swallowing‐related QOL were assessed. Data were statistically compared using Mann–Whitney U test or Fisher exact tests, as appropriate.ResultsSignificant differences were found only for the residue with solids and for the intelligibility (I) parameter of the overall quality impression and intelligibility, additive and unnecessary noise, speech fluency, and presence of voiced segments scale with patients of the OPHL type IIIa group showing worse performances than the OPHL type IIa group.ConclusionPatients who underwent OPHL type IIa and type IIIa show comparable long‐term functional outcomes. OPHL type IIIa represents a valid surgical alternative to OPHL type IIa. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1427–E1435, 2016
Study of the Most Relevant Aspects Related to Hard Carbons as Anode Materials for Na‐ion Batteries, Compared with Li‐ion Systems
Authors: de la Llave Ezequiel , Borgel Valentina , Zinigrad Ella , Chesneau Frederick‐Francois , Hartmann Pascal , Sun Yang‐Kook , Aurbach Doron 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present here a comprehensive description and discussion of the possible use of hard carbons as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. The study compared the behavior of hard carbon electrodes in selected polar‐aprotic Na‐ and Li‐salt solutions. We also examined the choice of the binders on the electrodes’ performance. We explored storage mechanisms, cycling, stability, surface chemistry, and impedance behavior. Propylene carbonate (PC) was found to be a suitable solvent. The presence of two percent of monofluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) in PC‐based Na‐salt solutions exhibits a very positive effect on the behavior of hard carbon electrodes as Na‐ion insertion anodes. Based on spectral studies, we attribute the effect to surface chemical aspects, which are determined by the presence of FEC. The intercalation mechanisms of ions into hard carbon includes insertion of ions between graphene layers at high potentials and adsorption into micropores at low potentials. For the bigger Na ions, the availability of intercalation sites is limited; thereby, the capacity of hard carbon electrodes in Na‐salt solutions is less than half of their capacity in Li‐salt solutions. Hard carbon electrodes in both types of solutions exhibit impressive stability during prolonged cycling. Impedance measurements revealed that the resistivity of the surface films formed on hard carbon electrodes in Na‐ion solutions is roughly one order of magnitude higher than in Li‐salt solutions. Hence, surface films comprising ionic Li compounds provide a better solid electrolyte interphase behavior than surface films comprising Na‐ion compounds.
Influence of age and sex on the longitudinal relaxation time, T1, of the lung in healthy never‐smokers
Authors: Kindvall Simon S.I. , Diaz Sandra , Svensson Jonas , Wollmer Per , Slusarczyk Dariusz , Olsson Lars E. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundAs several studies have provided evidence that lung disease affects the T1 of the human lung, our purpose was to investigate the effect of age on the T1‐relaxation time in the lungs of healthy never‐smokers, including group difference between sexes.Materials and MethodsThe Snapshot FLASH pulse sequence (inversion recovery with multiple gradient echo read‐outs) was used to quantify lung T1 in 30 healthy never‐smoking volunteers at 1.5 Tesla. Measurements were performed under breathhold of a tidal inspiration. Additionally, subjects underwent clinical MRI and pulmonary function tests. A linear regression model of T1 as a function of age and sex was tested.ResultsThe slope of lung T1 at tidal end‐inspiration as a function of age was statistically different between males and females (P < 0.001). In a linear regression model of T1 as a function of age and sex, females have slope of −4.1 ms/year (95% confidence interval [CI], [−5.2, −3.0]) at P < 0.001, and males −0.064 ms/year (95% CI, [−1.2, 1.1]) at P = 0.9, with a whole model R2 = 0.83.ConclusionThe observed dependencies of lung T1 on age and sex are here attributed to a previously reported difference in blood T1 between sexes, and a previously reported decrease of pulmonary blood volume with increasing age. This may have implications for the interpretation of lung T1 measurements in both healthy individuals and patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1250–1257.
Discrete element method modeling of inherently anisotropic rocks under uniaxial compression loading
Authors: Duan K. , Kwok C.Y. , Pierce M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA new numerical approach is proposed in this study to model the mechanical behaviors of inherently anisotropic rocks in which the rock matrix is represented as bonded particle model, and the intrinsic anisotropy is imposed by replacing any parallel bonds dipping within a certain angle range with smooth‐joint contacts. A series of numerical models with β = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° are constructed and tested (β is defined as the angle between the normal of weak layers and the maximum principal stress direction). The effect of smooth‐joint parameters on the uniaxial compression strength and Young's modulus is investigated systematically. The simulation results reveal that the normal strength of smooth‐joint mainly affects the behaviors at high anisotropy angles (β > 45°), while the shear strength plays an important role at medium anisotropy angles (30°–75°). The normal stiffness controls the mechanical behaviors at low anisotropy angles. The angle range of parallel bonds being replaced plays an important role on defining the degree of anisotropy. Step‐by‐step procedures for the calibration of micro parameters are recommended. The numerical model is calibrated to reproduce the behaviors of different anisotropic rocks. Detailed analyses are conducted to investigate the brittle failure process by looking at stress‐strain behaviors, increment of micro cracks, initiation and propagation of fractures. Most of these responses agree well with previous experimental findings and can provide new insights into the micro mechanisms related to the anisotropic deformation and failure behaviors. The numerical approach is then applied to simulate the stress‐induced borehole breakouts in anisotropic rock formations at reduced scale. The effect of rock anisotropy and stress anisotropy can be captured. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A‐Way Express Courier
Authors: Akingbola Kunle , Phaetthayanan Suwimon , Brown Joyce 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article examines the social return on investment (SROI) of A‐Way Express Courier for the major stakeholder group of the organization, its employees. Specifically, it explores the mental health, employment, and standard of living outcomes that A‐Way provides for the employees who are consumer/survivors of the mental health system. Overall, the impacts of the organization contributed significantly to improvements in the health and quality of life of the employees. They also translate into economic benefits for the employees and the community. Because of A‐Way's roots in the consumer/survivor movement of the 1970s, the article suggests that positive psychology could be a valuable framework with which to explain A‐Way's impact.