bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structures of Naturally Evolved CUP1 Tandem Arrays in Yeast Indicate That These Arrays Are Generated by Unequal Nonhomologous Recombination
Authors: Zhao Ying , Strope Pooja K , Kozmin Stanislav G , McCusker John H , Dietrich Fred S , Kokoska Robert J , Petes Thomas D 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
An important issue in genome evolution is the mechanism by which tandem duplications are generated from single-copy genes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most strains contain tandemly duplicated copies of CUP1, a gene that encodes a copper-binding metallothionein. By screening 101 natural isolates of S. cerevisiae, we identified five different types of CUP1-containing repeats, as well as strains that only had one copy of CUP1. A comparison of the DNA sequences of these strains indicates that the CUP1 tandem arrays were generated by unequal nonhomologous recombination events from strains that had one CUP1 gene.
Transradial access for renal artery intervention
Authors: Ruzsa Zoltán , Tóth Károly , Jambrik Zoltán , Kovács Nándor , Nardai Sándor , Nemes Balázs , Hüttl Kálmán , Merkely Béla 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionPercutaneous interventional procedures in the renal arteries are usually performed using a femoral or brachial vascular access. The transradial approach is becoming more popular for peripheral interventions, but limited data exists for renal artery angioplasty and stenting.MethodsWe have analyzed the clinical, angiographic and technical results of renal artery stenting performed from radial artery access between 2012 and 2013. The radial artery anatomy was identified with aortography using 100 cm pig tail catheter. After engagement of the renal artery ostium with a 6F Multipurpose or 6F JR5 guiding catheter, the stenosis was passed with a 0.014″ guidewire followed by angioplasty and stent implantation.ResultsIn 27 patients (mean age: 65.4 ± 9.17) with hemodynamically relevant renal artery stenosis (mean diameter stenosis: 77.7 ± 10.6%; right,n= 7; left,n= 20), interventional treatment with angioplasty and stenting was performed using a left (n= 3) or right (n= 24) radial artery access. Direct stenting was successfully performed in 13 (48%) cases, and predilatations were required in ten cases 10 (37%). Primary technical success (residual stenosis <30%) could be achieved in all cases. The mean contrast consumption was 119 ± 65 ml and the mean procedure time was 30 ± 8.2 min. There were no major periprocedural vascular complications and in one patient transient creatinine level elevation was observed (3.7%). In one patient asymptomatic radial artery occlusion was detected (3.7%).ConclusionTransradial renal artery angioplasty and stenting is technically feasible and safe procedure.
Surgical treatment of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms: Outcome and predictors analysis
Authors: Nuellari Edmond , Prifti Edvin , Esposito Giampiero , Kuci Saimir , Kapedani Edmond 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study is to report our experience on the postoperative outcome of surgical treatment of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA).

Materials and Methods
Between 1997–2014, 35 patients with IAAA underwent surgery. The mean age was 63 ± 18 years. Chronic renal failure was identified in 11 (31.4%) patients and confirmed ischemic heart disease in 15 (43%) patients. The mean aortic aneurysm diameter was 68 ± 25 mm. The abdominal aorta was clamped above the renal arteries in 6 (17%) patients.

Results
The hospital mortality was 5.7% (2 patients). Three patients developed an aortic pseudoaneurysm and underwent a redo operation. Another patient developed a femoral anastomotic pseudoaneurysm 7 years after operation and he was treated surgically. The actuarial free-reoperation actuarial survival at 1, 5 and 7 years was 94%, 62% and 50%, respectively. The Cox model revealed the delta erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.002), ischemic heart disease (p = 0.006) and renal failure (p = 0.036) as strong predictors for poor overall outcome.

Conclusion
Early postoperative outcome in terms of mortality and morbidity seems acceptable, however, patients with IAAA have an increased risk for reoperation due to pseudonaneurysm formation. Strong predictors for poor overall outcome seem to be the elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ischemic heart disease and chronic renal failure.
Endovascular treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Sundermeyer Andreas , Zapenko Alexander , Moysidis Theodoros , Luther Bernd , Kröger Knut 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Purpose
Data regarding endovascular treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) are sparse. Angioplasty is often accompanied by early restenosis and the need of further interventions. Thus we present our own patients' data and review the recent literature.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all endovascular CMI treatments performed from 2008 to 2012 (27 patients, 14 females, mean age 70 ± 9 years). Patients' data were retrieved from electronic health records. Patients' follow-up included routinely performed color-coded ultrasonography, and, if performed for other clinical reasons, computed tomography or angiography. In addition, data extracted from 11 studies focusing on endovascular CMI treatment were analyzed.

Results
Procedures were performed without clinical complications in all patients. Seven patients received pure angioplasty and 20 patients stent-assisted angioplasties using bare metal stents, respectively. Three patients died 3, 5 and 32 months after the intervention. Five patients underwent re-intervention (one early restenosis at day 4 after pure angioplasty with stent placement and four because of in-stent restenosis, 5 to 23 months after placement). Another patient was treated surgically because of stent occlusion and reoccurring abdominal angina 15 months after the intervention. The 11 studies found in the literature included 429 cases with 196 treatments of the coeliac trunk (truncus coeliacus = TC), 319 of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and 42 of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). Patency rates in the more recent studies were high with up to 80% within 1 year. Data of earlier studies report longer follow-up periods and indicate low patency rates after three years. Our 2-year patency rate of 50% is within the range of reported patency data.

Conclusions
The presented data show that endovascular SMA treatment is a suitable and safe procedure in patients suffering from CMI, but long-term results are limited.
Muscular adaptations to depth jump plyometric training: Comparison of sand vs. land surface
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Mohammadi Mahdi , Asadi Abbas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric training on sand vs. land surface on muscular performance adaptations in men. Fourteen healthy men were randomly assigned to two training groups: a) Sand Depth Jump (SDJ; N = 7) and b) Land Depth Jump (LDJ; N = 7). Training was performed for 6 weeks and consisted of 5 × 20 repetitions of DJ training on 20-cm dry sand or 3-cm hard court surface twice weekly. Vertical Jump Test (VJT), Standing Long Jump Test (SLJT), 20-m and 40-m sprint, T-test (TT) and one repetition maximum leg press (1RMLP) were performed before and after training. Significant improvements in VJT [4 (ES = 0.63) vs. 5.4 (ES = 0.85) cm], SLJT [8.3 (ES = 0.3) vs. 12.7 (ES = 0.57) cm], and 1RMLP [23.5 (ES = 0.56) vs. 15.3 (ES = 0.49) kg] were seen for both the groups. Likewise, significant decreases were observed for both SDJ and LDJ groups in 20-m [0.3 (ES = 0.72) vs. 0.4 (ES = 1.98) s] and 40-m sprint times [0.2 (ES = 0.4) vs. 0.5 (ES = 0.71) s], and TT [0.5 (ES = 0.62) vs. 0.9 (ES = 0.57) s]. With regard to ES, it can be recommended that athletes used LDJ training for enhancing sprint and jump and SDJ training for improving agility and strength.
Colonic perforation as a late complication of self-expanding stent
Authors: Gokul Krishnan , Squire Elizabeth , Artioukh Dmitri 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Self-expanding metal stents are used to relieve left-sided colonic obstruction either as a palliative measure or as a bridge to surgery. While there are definite advantages, the procedure does have significant complications, perforation of bowel being the most common with significant morbidity and mortality. A case of late perforation due to colonic stent erosion is presented.
Reducing Hydraulic Fracturing HSE Footprint through the Application of a Non-Radioactive Method for Proppant Placement and Propped Fracture Height Assessment
Authors: Saldungaray Pedro , Duenckel Robert , Palisch Terry 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe identification of intervals receiving proppant and accurate assessment of near wellbore fracture height are valuable in evaluating and optimizing stimulation strategies. Propped frac height evaluation in hydraulic fractures has typically involved the detection of radioactive tracers added to the proppant during treatments. However, as environmental regulations regarding this technique have tightened, and with increased scrutiny by the public and regulatory bodies of the oil and gas industry in general and hydraulic fracturing in particular, the need for an alternative to radioactive tracers has become critical.A novel technology for identifying intervals receiving proppant and determining fracture height utilizing a non-radioactive detectable proppant has been recently introduced. The technology has found global acceptance and has proven to be a robust and accurate method of locating proppant in the near wellbore region with standard logging techniques. In addition to eliminating the health, safety and environmental concerns with radioactive tracers, this new method also provides a permanent indication of the proppant location near the wellbore. Unlike traditional radioactive tracers which must be logged before the radioisotopes completely decay, this new method allows investigation of the proppant pack many months or years in the future, which would provide critical information during remedial or redevelopment work that would not be possible with conventional approaches.A review of the current state of regulatory impediments to the use of radioactive tracers in key producing regions around the world is discussed highlighting the need for an alternative diagnostic technology. The technology utilized in the application of the non-radioactive detectable proppant is described and comparisons to other fracture diagnostic technologies are presented. Several case histories are shown which illustrate various applications of the technology in regions around the globe. These case histories include applications performed in the Middle East and North America.In addition to identifying proppant location and fracture height, this technology can be used in other applications such as the evaluation of gravel pack quality.If the current trends in regulatory actions related to hydraulic fracturing continue, it is anticipated that the use of radioactive tracers will be restricted to fewer and fewer locales. At the same time the importance of reliable fracture diagnostics for optimization of hydraulic fracturing both from a well performance and cost control standpoint remains extremely important.
Impact of Emergency Shutdown Devices on Relief System Sizing and Design
Authors: Goyal Ram K 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A relief system designer is primarily guided by the expected “relief load.” That is, the maximum flow rate expected through the relief system under credible failure scenarios. An overestimate of the relief load will lead to oversized equipment (wasted capital and higher operating costs) and an underestimate will result in an ineffective and unsafe system.
In the aftermath of the March 2005 major incident at the BP Texas City refinery, on-plot relieving of hydrocarbons to atmosphere has come under intense criticism, and rightly so. It can be stipulated that the remedial measures being considered include routing of any existing on-plot atmospheric relieving devises to closed relief systems. This change, if brought about without due care, can lead to compromising the design capacity of the relief system, and to potential disaster.
In the sizing of individual relief valves protecting equipment or process or system, it is a common practice not to take cognizance of any immediate operator action or the action of any mitigating devices. However, an increasing number of consultants and practitioners are recommending not to apply the same philosophy when it comes to designing an overall refinery flare system to cope with common mode failures (e.g., loss of power, cooling water supply failure, etc.).
They propose taking credit for the action of devices such as unit emergency shutdown (ESD) systems, trips (for example, fired heater fuel supply cut-offs), or auto-starts of pumps whose actions reduce the potential load on the overall refinery flare system. Savings can thus be realized in the sizing of flare headers and other ancillary equipment.
While there is no objection, in principle, to taking credit for ESDs in the design of relief systems, its application in practice deserves careful scrutiny. There are still many related issues that have not been adequately addressed by the proponents of the credit-taking approach. This paper highlights these concerns and offers practical advice to those facing relief system design decisions.
An On-Boarding Process for Operator Personnel, Rig Crews and Service Company Personnel and their Management: Achieving “Sustainable Incident- Free” when starting up new Rig Operations
Authors: Flikkema Johan , Gudmann Steen , Hellbrandt Per 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Working with new drill crews and drilling rigs brings many challenges for operators, particularly related to safety. Realising this, Maersk Oil took the decision to incorporate a new behavioural safety programme, Incident-free (IF), within its on-boarding process for rigs. The mobilisation of a work over rig in 2012 provided the opportunity to test its applicability pro actively before the rig stared to operate.
Incident-free is not considered an HSE process, but a basic value requiring a change of mindset. This meant that for IF to be embedded into the organisation, buy-in was needed from top management to junior crew, Operator and Contractors.
Workshops were held with both operator and contractor management, to align the two and to build a strong leadership. Leaders then demonstrated their own IF commitment by running 1-Day Commitment Workshops wit all supervisors and crews, to teach the values of IF – namely ‘taking personal responsibility for their own safety and that of others’.
Results show that IF has had a positive impact safety behaviour, with greater participation in safety observations and interventions from both contractor and service company staff and with more ownership of resolving safety issues. IF has been instrumental in increasing the usage and value of the STOP card system on-board, helping to reduce the number of Near Misses and High Potential (HiPo) incidents. As IF empowers people, it has also brought about extra dialogue and thus new ideas which also have resulted in cost saving and/or greater efficiency in the way work is done.
The pre mobilisation Incident-Free program has successfully been applied to 5 rig start ups since 2012 and is now being implemented as early as the rig selection process for new rigs and it forms a key role in the safe mobilisation of rigs for Maersk Oil Qatar.
Development of a Middle East Centric Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy
Authors: Robinson Donald R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Doha Climate Change Conference marked the transition from an old climate change regime that focused on reducing GHG emissions from developed countries to a new climate regime that will focus on reducing GHG emissions from all countries. The new climate change discussion that is centered on the so called Durban Platform has brought into focus the importance of reducing GHG emissions in a cost-effective manner for all countries.
Methane's unique role as a greenhouse gas and as the primary component of natural gas means that reducing methane emissions can yield significant economic, environmental and operational benefits. Working under the Global Methane Initiative (GMI) and with the support of the newly launched Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), the Natural Gas STAR International Program is a voluntary partnership between the oil and natural gas industry and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) that promotes use of cost-effective technologies and practices to reduce methane emissions.
This paper will highlight the unique opportunities available to Middle Eastern countries and more specifically members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to reduce their methane emissions and develop Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) plans. This paper will summarize a number of established methods to identify, measure, and reduce methane emissions from a variety of equipment and processes in oil and gas production and natural gas processing and transmission facilities. Furthermore; given that some of the top natural gas flaring countries are countries that belong to the GCC, special attention will be given to flaring reduction technologies and policies. Moreover; given that Qatar is currently the largest producer of LNG in the world, a case study discussing methane emissions from LNG facilities and potential emission reduction technologies will be presented.
Start-Up Verification Certificate (SUVC) Process: The Cornerstone Of The Readiness Assurance For A Safe Handover And Start-up
Authors: Cortina Michele , Decarli Luca 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience of Eni E&P in its subsidiary Agip KCO with the “Framework for a Smooth Handover”. This procedure sits at Tier 1 of the handover framework and is an integral element to sanction hydrocarbon introduction in a facility/or part facility utilizing the Start Up Verification Certificate (SUVC), supporting the requirements for safely managing the Kashagan EP production system start-up.
The SUVC is the cornerstone of the handover process and provides the readiness assurance of achieving a particular Start-Up Milestone within a phased Start-Up Programme. The sign off of this certificate by duly authorized personnel verifies the readiness of facilities and responsible organizations for the introduction of hydrocarbons and enables the sign off of the Start Up Certificate for Introduction of Hydrocarbons by the Top Management Representatives of Project and Operations.
The SUVCs have been defined based on the integrated initial start up logic, a high level outline, which is detailed in the Integrated Initial Start Up Strategy. The experience of Eni E&P with the SUVC process demonstrates that a smart application of the SUVC, together with the Pre Start-up Safety Checklist (PSSC), can be used with success for safely managing the sanction of the introduction of hydrocarbons and the production system start-up.
The SUVC process can be successfully applied to any oil & gas projects and the related handover and start-up framework to reach a Safe and Smooth Start-Up, with the requirements properly adjusted and tuned according to the project dimension and targets.
Reviewing the Quality of the Environmental Impact Assessment (RQEIA)
Authors: Almebayedh Hamad A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Organizations involved in construction and development projects have to use Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedures. The overall success of the EIA process depends on the quality of the EIA document.
This paper addresses the main consolidation areas concerning improving and reviewing the quality control within the EIA process, and provides guideline for reviewing the quality of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) document. The objectives of this Guideline are; ensuring existence of key requirements in the EIA document, to determine the important issues and alternatives that should be examined in EIA report, Identify the nature and severity of the significant environmental impacts associated with the project, to serve as a detailed terms of reference (TOR) for EIA studies in projects, and to determine whether the information provided is adequate for decision making.
The Purpose of this research paper is to assist in the review of EIA reports and ensure a high level of quality is achieved, to enhance the quality of the EIA reports in order to achieve the desired success of HSE measures in the projects, and to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, specifically EPA, Ministry of Oil regulations, and HSEMS procedures.
Management Systems Approach to Managing Human Rights Issues
Authors: Fokkema Bert , Vallat Julie , Cleland Roper 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Recently there has been a proliferation of external guidance and guidelines for managing human rights issues. While these are useful tools to inform the management of potential risk, at best they may offer abstract concepts or normative aspirations of performance. As expressed by Professor Ruggie, "We're glad that you respect human rights and that you say so. But how do you know? How do you know that you respect human rights? So what we are doing is we've suggested what you need to have is an adequate and appropriate due diligence system."1
The expectations for companies are described below: Should respect human rights in projects or operations.Should seek to prevent or mitigate potential human rights issues that may be directly caused by the company's projects or operations, or seek to and influence partners and suppliers.Should have in place policies and processes to manage potential human rights issues.Commitment [to respect human rights] endorsed by senior leadership.Conduct assessments to identify potential human rights issues in projects or operations; have processes to manage the issues; and have a means to track the response.Communicate with stakeholders how issues are being addressed.Grievance mechanism to address issues raised by the community.
In many respects, existing management systems have the components to address potential human rights issues, and due diligence is a long-standing practice among IPIECA members. Moreover, there has been a healthy exchange between IPIECA members and external experts to improve these processes.
The purpose of the paper is to describe how IPIECA, the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues, has responded to the emergence of external guidelines in connection to implementing the due diligence process consistent with the United Nations Guiding Principles.