bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise and nutrition for head and neck cancer patients: a patient oriented, clinic-supported randomized controlled trial
Authors: Capozzi Lauren C , Lau Harold , Reimer Raylene A , McNeely Margaret , Giese-Davis Janine , Culos-Reed S Nicole 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Research on physical activity and nutrition interventions aimed at positively impacting symptom management, treatment-related recovery and quality of life has largely excluded head and neck (HN) cancer populations. This translates into a lack of clinical programming available for these patient populations. HN cancer patients deal with severe weight loss, with more than 70% attributed to lean muscle wasting, leading to extended recovery times, decreased quality of life (QoL), and impaired physical functioning. To date, interventions to address body composition issues have focused solely on diet, despite findings that nutritional therapy alone is insufficient to mitigate changes. A combined physical activity and nutrition intervention, that also incorporates important educational components known to positively impact behaviour change, is warranted for this population. Our pilot work suggests that there is large patient demand and clinic support from the health care professionals for a comprehensive program.

Methods/Design
Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to examine the impact and timing of a 12-week PA and nutrition intervention (either during or following treatment) for HN cancer patients on body composition, recovery, serum inflammatory markers and quality of life. In addition, we will examine the impact of a 12-week maintenance program, delivered immediately following the intervention, on adherence, patient-reported outcomes (i.e., management of both physical and psychosocial treatment-related symptoms and side-effects), as well as return to work.

Discussion
This research will facilitate advancements in patient wellness, survivorship, and autonomy, and carve the path for a physical-activity and wellness-education model that can be implemented in other cancer centers.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials NCT01681654
Primary glioblastoma of the cerebellum in a 19-year-old woman: a case report
Authors: El El Maaqili Moulay Rachid , Hossini Adil , El Fatemi Nizar , Gana Rachid , Saïdi Amar , Jiddane Mohammed , Bellakhdar Fouad 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Cerebellar glioblastoma is an uncommon adult lesion. The pathogeny and prognosis of cerebellar glioblastoma are still incompletely elucidated.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 19-year-old Moroccan woman. A neurologic examination revealed the presence of cerebellar signs. A diagnosis of cerebellar glioblastoma is rarely made before surgery. An encephalic computer tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging increased the accuracy of defining the nature of the lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneously enhancing mass in the vermis and the right cerebellar hemisphere. After surgery, glioblastoma was histologically confirmed. Post-operative radiotherapy followed. The outcome of our patient was favorable after one year of follow-up.

Conclusions
We report an unusual case of cerebellar gliobastoma. Cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a cerebellar mass lesion.
Oxygen deficit and H2S in hemorrhagic shock in rats
Authors: Van de Louw Andry , Haouzi Philippe 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Hemorrhagic shock induced O2 deficit triggers inflammation and multiple organ failure (MOF). Endogenous H2S has been proposed to be involved in MOF since plasma H2S concentration appears to increase in various types of shocks and to predict mortality. We tested the hypothesis that H2S increases during hemorrhagic shock associated with O2 deficit, and that enhancing H2S oxidation by hydroxocobalamin could reduce inflammation, O2 deficit or mortality.

Methods
We used a urethane anesthetized rat model, where 25 ml/kg of blood was withdrawn over 30 minutes. O2 deficit, lactic acid, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and H2S plasma concentrations (Siegel method) were measured before and after the bleeding protocol in control animals and animals that received 140 mg/kg of hydroxocobalamin. The ability to oxidize exogenous H2S of the plasma and supernatants of the kidney and heart homogenates was determined in vitro.

Results
We found that withdrawing 25 ml/kg of blood led to an average oxygen deficit of 122 ± 23 ml/kg. This O2 deficit was correlated with an increase in the blood lactic acid concentration and mortality. However, the low level of absorbance of the plasma at 670 nm (A670), after adding N, N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, that is, the method used for H2S determination in previous studies, did not reflect the presence of H2S, but was a marker of plasma turbidity. There was no difference in plasmatic A670 before and after the bleeding protocol, despite the large oxygen deficit. The plasma sampled at the end of bleeding maintained a very large ability to oxidize exogenous H2S (high μM), as did the homogenates of hearts and kidneys harvested just after death. Hydroxocobalamin concentrations increased in the blood in the μM range in the vitamin B12 group, and enhanced the ability of plasma and kidneys to oxidize H2S. Yet, the survival rate, O2 deficit, H2S plasma concentration, blood lactic acid and TNF-alpha levels were not different from the control group.

Conclusions
In the presence of a large O2 deficit, H2S did not increase in the blood in a rat model of untreated hemorrhagic shock. Hydroxocobalamin, while effective against H2S in vitro, did not affect the hemodynamic profile or outcome in our model.
Modelling Passive Yawing Motion of Horizontal Axis Small Wind Turbine: Derivation of New Simplified Equation for Maximum Yaw Rate
Authors: Watanabe Fumihito , Takahashi Toru , Tokuyama Hideki , Nishizawa Yoshifumi , Ushiyama Izumi 
Published: October 2012

A large number of small wind turbines are installed in an urban area or on a rooftop where they experience sudden changes of wind speed and wind direction. For small wind turbines, the yawing load is one of the important design drivers because of its severity. Typically, a passive yaw system using a tail fin is employed for these small wind turbines. IEC61400-2 ed.2 provides a simplified equation for the maximum yaw angular velocity, or yaw rate, for use in estimating the yawing load. However, it is unclear whether this yaw rate considers the sudden change of wind direction. Furthermore, this simplified equation of yaw rate is only function of a rotor radius. In this paper, in order to consider the sudden change of wind direction, the authors derived the theoretical equation of the yawing motion to calculate yaw rate up to yaw angle of 180 degrees. This equation embraces the design variables including rotor radius, design tip speed ratio, tail fin area, and moment of inertia about the yaw axis. This theoretical equation was verified by comparing with wind tunnel test results. A number of theoretical calculations were undertaken varying all the design variables to find the relationship between the design variables and the yaw rate. Then, a new simplified equation, to calculate the yaw rate for a small wind turbine with a passive yaw system, is derived. This simplified equation is more practical than the existing IEC standard because it includes all design variables. This new equation enables to the yawing load to be estimated even for large change of wind direction.
Recent Advances in Design of Steel and Composite Beams with Web Openings
Authors: Chung K.F. 
Published: October 2012

This paper presents recent advances in the design of steel and composite beams with web openings for full integration with building services. The conventional design approaches, such as ‘ Tee Section Approach’ and ‘ Perforated Section Approach’, are provided as an introduction to the topic. The key findings of a comprehensive finite element investigation into the structural behaviour of steel beams with web openings of various shapes and sizes are presented, and a generalized design rule with a set of moment-shear interaction curves based on the finite element results is also developed for practical applications. It should be noted that based on three structural parameters, namely, the shear utilisation ratio, v, the coupled moment capacity ratio, m̄, and the coupled shear capacity ratio, v̄, the load carrying capacities of steel beams with web openings of various shapes and sizes are obtained readily through the use of the proposed moment-shear interaction curves. Moreover, an advanced finite element study on a composite beam with a pair of large rectangular web openings is also presented, and the structural behaviour of the perforated composite beam with deformable shear connectors of different deformation characteristics is examined. It is found that both the stiffnesses and the resistances of shear connectors are very important to the load carrying capacities of the perforated composite beams. The maximum difference in the load carrying capacities of the perforated composite beams with different types of shear connectors is shown to be around 15%, reflecting the differ1ent deformation states of the composite beams at failure. Moreover, large pull-out forces are also induced in those shear connectors in the vicinity of the web openings which have been neglected in the past. As the values of these pull-out forces are found to be comparable to the shear resistances of the shear connectors adopted in the models in some cases, such forces should be considered properly in design.
Finite Element Analysis of Distortional Lateral Buckling of Continuous Composite Beams with Transverse Web Stiffeners
Authors: Chen Shiming , Wang Xindi 
Published: October 2012

In a composite beam, transverse web stiffeners are often provided to the steel section at regular intervals along the beam span to eliminate local shear buckling as well as to reduce web distortion in the steel section. These transverse stiffeners are also found to be effective in providing intermediate lateral restraints from the stiff concrete slab to the compressive steel flange, forming a ‘discrete inverted U-frame’ action so that the resistance of the composite beam against distortional lateral buckling is significantly enhanced. In general, the load carrying capacity of a continuous composite beam depends on a number of factors such as initial imperfections, residual stresses, and material nonlinearity. A general design method to evaluate the contribution of transverse web stiffeners to the capacity of a continuous composite beam, is however yet unavailable. This paper presents an advanced numerical investigation into the structural behaviour of composite beams under the discrete inverted U-frame action. Based on a comprehensive finite element study, the following key parameters affecting the load carrying capacity of the beam are studied: i) the flexural stiffness of the concrete slab, ii) the stiffness of the web stiffeners, iii) the ratio of the depth to thickness of the steel web, and iv) the ratio of the spacing of the web stiffeners to the beam span. It has been verified that in the presence of properly designed web stiffeners, the buckling moment resistances of composite beams will be significantly increased while the lateral deflection of the compression flanges is greatly reduced.
Secant degree of toric surfaces and delightful planar toric degenerations
Authors: Postinghel Elisa 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The k-secant degree is studied with a combinatorial approach. A planar toric degeneration of any projective toric surface X corresponds to a regular unimodular triangulation D of the polytope defining X. If the secant ideal of the initial ideal of X with respect to D coincides with the initial ideal of the secant ideal of X, then D is said to be delightful and the k-secant degree of X is easily computed. We establish a lower bound for the 2- and 3-secant degree, by means of the combinatorial geometry of non-delightful triangulations.
Prevalence and Correlates of Exergaming in Youth
Authors: O’Loughlin Erin K. , Dugas Erika N. , Sabiston Catherine M. , O’Loughlin Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Less than 15% of children and adolescents participate regularly in physical activity (PA) and, with ever-increasing obesity, strategies to improve PA levels in youth are urgently needed. Exergaming offers a PA alternative that may be especially attractive in our increasingly technophilic society. However, there are no observational studies of exergaming in population-based samples of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychosocial, weight-related, and mental health correlates of exergaming as well as describe the type, timing, and intensity of exergaming in a population-based sample of adolescents.

METHODS:
Data on exergame use and potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychosocial, weight-related, and mental health correlates of exergaming were collected in mailed self-report questionnaires completed by 1241 grade 10 and 11 students from the Montreal area with a mean age of 16.8 years (SD = 0.05 years; 43% male) participating in the AdoQuest study. The independent correlates of exergaming were identified in multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
Nearly one-quarter (24%) of participants reported exergaming. Exergamers played 2 days per week on average, for ∼50 minutes each bout; 73% of exergamers played at a moderate or vigorous intensity. Exergamers were more likely than nonexergamers to be girls, to play nonactive video games, to watch ≥2 hours of television per day, to be stressed about weight, and to be nonsmokers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many adolescents exergame at intensity levels that could help them achieve current moderate-to-vigorous PA recommendations. Interventions that encourage exergaming may increase PA and decrease sedentary behavior in select youth subgroups, notably in girls.
Neurodevelopment in Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers by Infection and Treatment Status
Authors: Le Doaré Kirsty , Bland Ruth , Newell Marie-Louise 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND:We reviewed the impact of HIV, HIV exposure, and antiretroviral therapy/prophylaxis on neurodevelopmental outcomes of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed-uninfected infants and children.METHODS:A literature search of Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and conference Web sites (1990–March 2011) using the search terms, infant, child, HIV, neurodevelopment, cognition, language, and antiretroviral therapy, identified 31 studies of HIV/antiretroviral exposure using standardized tools to evaluate infant/child development as the main outcome. Articles were included if results were reported in children &lt;16 years of age who were exposed to HIV and antiretrovirals in fetal/early life, and excluded if children did not acquire HIV from their mothers or were not exposed to antiretrovirals in fetal/early life.RESULTS:Infants who acquired HIV during fetal and early life tended to display poorer mean developmental scores than HIV-unexposed children. Mean motor and cognitive scores were consistently 1 to 2 SDs below the population mean. Mean scores improved if the infant received treatment before 12 weeks and/or a more complex antiretroviral regimen. Older HIV-infected children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy demonstrated near normal global mean neurocognitive scores; subtle differences in language, memory, and behavior remained. HIV-exposed-uninfected children treated with antiretrovirals demonstrated subtle speech and language delay, although not universally.CONCLUSIONS:In comparison with resource-rich settings, HIV-infected and HIV-exposed-uninfected infants/children in resource-poor settings demonstrated greater neurodevelopmental delay compared with HIV-unexposed infants. The effects on neurodevelopment in older HIV-infected children commenced on antiretroviral therapy from an early age and HIV-exposed-uninfected children particularly in resource-poor settings remain unclear.
High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in People With Prediabetes and Hypovitaminosis D
Authors: Davidson Mayer B. , Duran Petra , Lee Martin L. , Friedman Theodore C. 
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE
Low vitamin D levels predict the development of diabetes. This double-blind, randomized, control study in subjects with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D evaluated whether high doses of vitamin D for 1 year affected insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and the development of diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 1,551 subjects ≥40 years of age not known to have diabetes were screened with A1C levels. Subjects with A1C levels of 5.8–6.9% underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Subjects with prediabetes and 25-OH vitamin D (25-OHD) levels &lt;30 ng/mL were randomized to receive weekly placebo (n = 53) or vitamin D (n = 56) with doses based on body weight and baseline 25-OHD levels. OGTTs were performed 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later. Insulin secretion and sensitivity were measured, and the proportion of subjects developing diabetes was assessed.

RESULTS
25-OHD levels rapidly rose from 22 to nearly 70 ng/mL after vitamin D supplementation with a mean weekly dose of 88,865 IU. There were no differences between the placebo and vitamin D groups regarding fasting plasma glucose, 2-h glucose, or insulin secretion and sensitivity or in the percent developing diabetes or returning to normal glucose tolerance. No subjects experienced increased serum or urinary calcium levels. At 12 months, A1C levels were significantly slightly less (0.2%) in the vitamin D group.

CONCLUSIONS
In individuals with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D, doses of vitamin D supplementation designed to raise serum 25-OHD levels into the upper-normal range for 1 year had no effect on insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or the development of diabetes compared with placebo administration.
Prediction of the solidification path of Al-4.37Cu-27.02Mg ternary eutectic alloy with a unified microsegregation model coupled with Thermo-Calc
Authors: Yan Erhu , Li Xinzhong , Su Yanqing , Liu Dongmei , Xu Daming , Guo Jingjie , Fu Hengzhi 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
An extended unified microsegregation model with solid back diffusion effects and five different dendrite morphologies was used to investigate the solidification path of Al-4.37Cu-27.02Mg (wt.%) ternary eutectic alloy at different cooling rates and solid back diffusion coefficients, coupled with Thermo-Calc. It was indicated that the cooling rates (Rf
) had no obvious effect on the solidification path which was (L + α) → (L + α + T) → (L + α + β + T); but the solid back diffusion coefficient (Φ) had a great effect on the solidification path, which evolved gradually from (L + α) → (L + α + T) → (L + α + β + T) into (L + α) → (L + α + T) when Φ increased from 0 to 1. The volume fractions of primary α phase (V
α), binary eutectic (V
2E) and ternary eutectic (V
3E) at each solidification path were calculated. It was shown that V
2E decreased with the increase of Rf
whereas V
3E increased and V
α was almost invariant. The dependence of V
2E, V
3E and Rf
were determined by linear regression analysis given as: V
2E = −2.5lgRf
+ 47.5; V
3E = 6.4lgRf + 47. Increase in Φ lead to increases in V
α and V
2E and decrease in V
3E. The predicted soldification paths and volume fractions of Al-4.37Cu-27.02Mg ternary eutectic alloy at different cooling rates were in good agreement with experimental results.
Present activity and seismogenic potential of Himalayan sub‐parallel thrust faults in Delhi: inferences from remote sensing, GPR, gravity data and seismicity
Authors: Dubey C.S. , Shukla D.P. , Singh R.P. , Sharma M. , Ningthoujam P.S. , Bhola A.M. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi and its environs have been jolted by earthquakes from a far‐field seismic source in the Himalayas. Thus the seismo‐tectonic activity in this region can be related to thrust faults sub‐parallel to the Himalayan thrusts system trending NW‐SE. In this present research work various techniques like Remote Sensing (RS), GPR (Ground‐Penetrating Radar) and Bouguer gravity anomaly analysis were executed in the Delhi region to identify seismogenic faults sub‐parallel to Himalayan thrust systems.The straightening of the Yamuna River and other drainages, separation of the North Delhi ridge from the Central Delhi ridge, shifting of the North Delhi ridge in the north‐western direction and linear alignment of vegetation helped in delineating the probable NW‐SE faults using satellite image and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data. These NW‐SE faults/thrusts were also identified by GPR (Ground‐Penetrating Radar) surveys, using 200 MHz and 100 MHz antennas, carried out at 8 areas. Nearly 200 GPR profiles were taken and the best results were obtained near the Timarpur, Vasant Vihar, Mehrauli and Faridabad areas. The radar profiles were processed using low‐ and high‐pass Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters, for noise removal and Automatic Gain Control (AGC) for amplitude correction to enhance the data. The Bouguer gravity anomaly analysis confirms the presence of two NW‐SE trending faults viz. the Yamuna‐Timarpur‐Sonepat fault passing from the northern portion and the Faridabad‐Mehrauli‐Rohtak fault in the southern portion cutting across the city, thus implying the in‐between area as a graben. Moreover the fault plane solutions of the majority of the seismic events show orientation in a NW‐SE direction along the Delhi Sargodha ridge (DSR). These faults are sub‐parallel to Himalayan thrust systems and have reverse fault characteristics. Hence, the possibility of finding more hidden faults beneath the Indo‐Gangetic alluvium, sub‐parallel to the regional strike of the Himalayan fault system cannot be ruled out.