bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantity of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, INF‐γ, TNF‐α and KC‐Like Cytokines in Serum of Bitches With Pyometra in Different Stages of Oestrous Cycle and Pregnancy
Authors: Maciel GS , Uscategui RR , de Almeida VT , Oliveira MEF , Feliciano MAR , Vicente WRR 
Published: June 2014

ContentsThe occurrence of the pyometra is most common in the first half of the dioestrus when there is decreased cellular immunity associated with increased serum concentration of progesterone in females. The aim of this study was to determine the immunological profile of bitches with pyometra, studying serum levels of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, IFN‐γ, KC‐like and TNF‐α and comparing them with those of healthy bitches in anoestrus, dioestrus and pregnant. Forty females were divided into four experimental groups: group 1 (G1): with pyometra (n = 10); group 2 (G2): bitches in the second week of gestation (n = 10); group 3 (G3): in anoestrus (n = 10); and group 4 (G4): in dioestrus (n = 10). The serum levels for IL‐2, KC‐like, INF‐γ and TNF‐α were similar for all experimental groups. The values obtained for IL‐10 were found increased (p < 0.001) in animals in dioestrus and pyometra compared with females in anoestrus and pregnant, and the levels of IL‐4 observed were significantly greater (p < 0.001) in bitches with pyometra when compared with others. The cytokine profile in animals with pyometra is similar to bitches in dioestrus for IL‐10 and had increase in IL‐4 for bitches with pyometra, which represents an anti‐inflammatory these cases. This suggests the presence of an immunosuppressive state in both cases, which may explain the propensity of bitches in dioestrus to be affected by pyometra and the severity of the disease on these animals.
Negation in Exclamatives
Authors: Delfitto Denis , Fiorin Gaetano 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe goal of this article is to provide a principled account of the semantic contribution of the so‐called “expletive” negation, as it occurs in negative exclamatives. This type of negation differs from canonical negation in that it does not contribute its canonical meaning as a propositional operator, occurs higher in the syntactic structure of the clause, does not license negative polarity items, and expresses a bias towards the opposite polarity. In this article, we show that these properties are also found in negative rhetorical questions. We propose that exclamatives, as well as rhetorical questions, denote sets of propositions structured into Boolean algebras, with the negation imposing an order of informativity upon such structures.
Viruses and Human Cancers: a Long Road of Discovery of Molecular Paradigms
Authors: White Martyn K. , Pagano Joseph S. , Khalili Kamel 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY
About a fifth of all human cancers worldwide are caused by infectious agents. In 12% of cancers, seven different viruses have been causally linked to human oncogenesis: Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, hepatitis C virus, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Here, we review the many molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis that have been discovered over the decades of study of these viruses. We discuss how viruses can act at different stages in the complex multistep process of carcinogenesis. Early events include their involvement in mutagenic events associated with tumor initiation such as viral integration and insertional mutagenesis as well as viral promotion of DNA damage. Also involved in tumor progression is the dysregulation of cellular processes by viral proteins, and we describe how this has been investigated by studies in cell culture and in experimental animals and by molecular cellular approaches. Also important are the molecular mechanisms whereby viruses interact with the immune system and the immune evasion strategies that have evolved.
Investigating significant health trends in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (INSIGHTS-IPF): rationale, aims and design of a nationwide prospective registry
Authors: Behr Juergen , Hoeper Marius M , Kreuter Michael , Klotsche Jens , Wirtz Hubert , Pittrow David 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundGuidelines on the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a rare manifestation of chronic progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia, have been updated by ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT in 2011. In Europe, data are limited on the characteristics and management of such patients.Methods/designInvestigating significant health trends (INSIGHTS)-IPF is a prospective observational longitudinal registry designed to describe the characteristics and management of newly diagnosed (incident) and prevalent patients with IPF on the long term. The registry uses a non-probability sampling approach to collect data on characteristics, therapeutic interventions, health-related quality of life and health economic parameters. At least 500 patients in ambulatory care will be included consecutively in about 30 centres. The study has been initiated in November 2012, and currently (December 2013) follows 344 patients. ClinTrials.gov identifier isNCT01695408.DiscussionINSIGHTS-IPF documents one of the largest IPF cohorts in Europe. The registry is expected to provide much-needed data on the characteristics and management situation of patients with IPF in Germany. It will allow comparisons with other countries. Gap analyses based on current guidelines for management of these patients will be possible.
What Kind of Noise Guarantees Security for the Kirchhoff-Law–Johnson-Noise Key Exchange?
Authors: Mingesz Robert , Vadai Gergely , Gingl Zoltan 
Published: June 2014

This paper is a supplement to our recent one about the analysis of the noise properties in the Kirchhoff-law–Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key exchange system [Gingl and Mingesz, PLOS ONE 9 (2014) e96109, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096109]. Here, we use purely mathematical statistical derivations to prove that only normal distribution with special scaling can guarantee security. Our results are in agreement with earlier physical assumptions [Kish, Phys. Lett. A 352 (2006) 178–182, doi: 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.11.062]. Furthermore, we have carried out numerical simulations to show that the communication is clearly unsecure for improper selection of the noise properties. Protection against attacks using time and correlation analysis is not considered in this paper. Related simulations are available at http://www.noise.inf.u-szeged.hu/Research/kljn/ .
Human genomic regions with exceptionally high levels of population differentiation identified from 911 whole-genome sequences
Authors: Colonna Vincenza , Ayub Qasim , Chen Yuan , Pagani Luca , Luisi Pierre , Pybus Marc , Garrison Erik , Xue Yali , Tyler-Smith Chris ,   The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background
Population differentiation has proved to be effective for identifying loci under geographically localized positive selection, and has the potential to identify loci subject to balancing selection. We have previously investigated the pattern of genetic differentiation among human populations at 36.8 million genomic variants to identify sites in the genome showing high frequency differences. Here, we extend this dataset to include additional variants, survey sites with low levels of differentiation, and evaluate the extent to which highly differentiated sites are likely to result from selective or other processes.

Results
We demonstrate that while sites with low differentiation represent sampling effects rather than balancing selection, sites showing extremely high population differentiation are enriched for positive selection events and that one half may be the result of classic selective sweeps. Among these, we rediscover known examples, where we actually identify the established functional SNP, and discover novel examples including the genes ABCA12, CALD1 and ZNF804, which we speculate may be linked to adaptations in skin, calcium metabolism and defense, respectively.

Conclusions
We identify known and many novel candidate regions for geographically restricted positive selection, and suggest several directions for further research.
Activators of PKA and Epac Distinctly Influence Insulin Secretion and Cytosolic Ca2+ in Female Mouse Islets Stimulated by Glucose and Tolbutamide
Authors: Henquin Jean-Claude , Nenquin Myriam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAmplification of insulin secretion by cAMP is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Using selective activators, we determined how each effector influences the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) and insulin secretion in mouse islets. Alone PKA activator amplified glucose- and tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion, with a greater impact on second than first phase. Epac activator strongly amplified both phases in response to either secretagogue. Amplification was even greater when activators were combined. Although both activators similarly amplified glucose-induced insulin secretion, Epac activator was particularly efficient on tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion. That greater efficacy is attributed to higher [Ca2+]c rather than interaction of tolbutamide with Epac, because it was also observed during KCl stimulation. Moreover, in contrast to Epac activator, tolbutamide was inactive when insulin secretion was increased by gliclazide, and its effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion was unaffected by an inhibitor of Epac2. PKA activator increased [Ca2+]c during acute or steady-state glucose stimulation, whereas Epac activator had no effect alone or in combination. Neither activator affected [Ca2+]c response to tolbutamide or KCl. Metabolic (glucose-mediated) amplification of insulin secretion was unaffected by PKA activator. It was attenuated when insulin secretion was augmented by Epac activator but insensitive to Epac2 inhibitor, which suggests distinct although somewhat overlapping mechanisms. In conclusion, activators of PKA and Epac amplify insulin secretion by augmenting the action of Ca2+ on exocytosis and, for PKA only, slightly increasing glucose-induced [Ca2+]c rise. The influence of Epac seems more important than that of PKA during first phase.
The rigidity theorems for Lagrangian self-shrinkers
Authors: Ding Qi , Xin Yuanlong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.

By the integral method we prove that any space-like entire graphic
self-shrinking solution to the Lagrangian mean curvature flow in

ℝ
n

2
n

$\mathbb {R}^{2n}_{n}$

with the indefinite metric

∑
i

d

x
i

d

y
i

$\sum _i dx_idy_i$

is flat.
This improves previous results by Huang–Wang
[Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 41 (2011), 321–339]
and Chau–Chen–Yuan [J. reine angew. Math. 664 (2012), 229–239]
by removing the additional assumption in their results. In a similar
manner, we reprove its Euclidean counterpart which is established by Chau–Chen–Yuan.
Dualization invariance and a new complex elliptic genus
Authors: Schreieder Stefan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract.

We define a new elliptic genus ψ on the complex bordism ring. With coefficients in

ℤ
[
1
/
2
]

$\mathbb {Z}[1/2]$

, we prove that it induces an isomorphism of the complex bordism ring modulo the ideal which is generated by all differences

ℙ

(
E
)

-
ℙ

(

E
*

)

$\mathbb {P}(E)-\mathbb {P}(E^\ast )$

of projective bundles and their duals onto a polynomial ring on four generators in degrees 2, 4, 6 and 8. As an alternative geometric description of ψ, we prove that it is the universal genus which is multiplicative in projective bundles over Calabi–Yau 3-folds. With the help of the q-expansion of modular forms we will see that for a complex manifold M, the value

ψ
(
M
)

$\psi (M)$

is a holomorphic Euler characteristic.
We also compare ψ with Krichever–Höhn's complex elliptic genus and see that their only common specializations are Ochanine's elliptic genus and the

χ
y

$\chi _y$

-genus.
Sustained Percolation in Stretched Silver Nanowire Networks for Stretchable Inter-Connection Applications
Authors: Park Jae Sung , Kim Woo Soo 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTHere we introduce a highly stretchable Printed Circuit Board (PCB) inter-connection technology achieved through the combination of flexibility allowed by the silver nanowire (AgNW)-based electrode and stretchability provided by the meander-shaped substrate. Horseshoe-shaped elastic material, polydimethylsiloxane, is used as a substrate of the AgNW conductors for relaxed stress concentration. Continuously maintained 2-D percolation of stretchable AgNW networks overcomes the usage restrictions with ordinary rigid Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The horseshoe-shaped inter-connection is physically reliable with repeated stretching/releasing processes and maintains its conductivity under tensile strains up to 20 %, allowing the durable and stretchable PCB inter-connecting applications.
Investigation of mineralogy, porosity and pore structure of Olkiluoto bedrock
Authors: Sammaljärvi Juuso , Lindberg Antero , Ikonen Jussi , Voutilainen Mikko , Siitari-Kauppi Marja , Koskinen Lasse 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSpent nuclear fuel from TVO's (Teollisuuden Voima Oy) and Fortum's nuclear power plants will be deposited deep in the crystalline bedrock in Olkiluoto, Western Finland. The bedrock needs to be well characterized to assess the risks inherent to the waste disposal at the site. If radionuclides (RN) are transported, it happens via water conducting fractures. Retardation may occur either by diffusion into stagnant pore water or by immobilization on mineral surfaces of the rock matrix.RN’s retardation from flowing water is linked to parameters defining porosity and microscopic rock pore structure, such as pore size distribution, connectivity, tortuosity and constrictivity, and by the mineralogy and chemical nature of the minerals and charge of the pore surfaces.In this work, centimeter scale rock cores from Olkiluoto were investigated. The work is part of the in situ project REPRO (Experiments to investigate Rock Matrix Retention Properties) where the diffusion and sorption of RN are studied experimentally. Porosity and pore structures were characterized with the PMMA autoradiography method and polarized microscopy, which was used also to ascertain the mineralogy of the samples.The results show that the rock from the REPRO site has low porosity with a mean value of 0.5% and a range of 0.1-1.5%. Rock heterogeneity explains the variation of porosity values. Correlation between the porosity and the mineralogy was found. Areas of high porosity correspond to areas of altered minerals, such as cordierite, biotite and plagioclase, which cover spatially between 10 and 20% of the rock volume
Genetic Evaluation of Micronutrient Traits in Diploid Potato from a Base Population of Andean Landrace Cultivars
Authors: Paget Mark , Amoros Walter , Salas Elisa , Eyzaguirre Raul , Alspach Peter , Apiolaza Luis , Noble Alasdair , Bonierbale Merideth 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMicronutrient malnutrition is a global health problem. An improved understanding of the genetic variation of important micronutrient traits within a potato breeding population will help devise breeding strategies for the biofortification of this important food staple. The dataset consisted of 556 individuals from 17 full‐sib diploid families grown in 2006 in Huanuco, Peru, and 1329 individuals from 32 full‐sib families grown in 2009 in Ayacucho, Peru. Genetic parameters were estimated using univariate and multivariate individual Bayesian models for micronutrient tuber content including Fe and Zn. Genetic variance was additive and heritability estimates were moderate (0.36 to 0.57) and inflated if the common environment of full‐sibs was not taken into account. Posterior modes of genetic correlation estimates between minerals, when analyzed on a dry‐weight basis, were all positive (0.04 to 0.72) and between minerals and tuber dry matter were negative (−0.14 to −0.38). On a fresh‐weight basis, genetic correlations between minerals and tuber dry matter were small but positive (0.05 to 0.18). The implications and challenges for selective breeding to enhance micronutrient content in potato tubers are discussed.
Assessment of hydrocephalus in children based on digital image processing and analysis
Authors: Fabijańska Anna , Węgliński Tomasz , Zakrzewski Krzysztof , Nowosławska Emilia 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a pathological condition of the central nervous system which often affects neonates and young children. It manifests itself as an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricular system of the brain with its subsequent progression. One of the most important diagnostic methods of identifying hydrocephalus is Computer Tomography (CT). The enlarged ventricular system is clearly visible on CT scans. However, the assessment of the disease progress usually relies on the radiologist’s judgment and manual measurements, which are subjective, cumbersome and have limited accuracy. Therefore, this paper regards the problem of semi-automatic assessment of hydrocephalus using image processing and analysis algorithms. In particular, automated determination of popular indices of the disease progress is considered. Algorithms for the detection, semi-automatic segmentation and numerical description of the lesion are proposed. Specifically, the disease progress is determined using shape analysis algorithms. Numerical results provided by the introduced methods are presented and compared with those calculated manually by a radiologist and a trained operator. The comparison proves the correctness of the introduced approach.
Transient and stationary characteristics of a packet buffer modelled as an MAP/SM/1/b system
Authors: Rusek Krzysztof , Janowski Lucjan , Papir Zdzisław 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A packet buffer limited to a ﬁxed number of packets (regardless of their lengths) is considered. The buffer is described as a ﬁnite FIFO queuing system fed by a Markovian Arrival Process (MAP) with service times forming a Semi-Markov (SM) process (MAP /SM /1/b in Kendall’s notation). Such assumptions allow us to obtain new analytical results for the queuing characteristics of the buffer. In the paper, the following are considered: the time to ﬁll the buffer, the local loss intensity, the loss ratio, and the total number of losses in a given time interval. Predictions of the proposed model are much closer to the trace-driven simulation results compared with the prediction of the MAP /G/1/b model.
Effect of Magnesium Addition on Properties of Al-Based Composite Reinforced with Fine NiO Particles
Authors: Zygmunt-Kiper M. , Błaz L. , Sugamata M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
An Al(Mg)-NiO composite was manufactured using combined mechanical alloying (MA) and powder consolidation methods that yielded well-consolidated and very-fine grained bulk material. Compression tests at 293 K - 773 K revealed high mechanical properties of the material. Preliminary annealing at 823 K/6 h was found to result in the flow stress reduction at 573 K - 773 K. However, the effect of preliminary annealing on the flow stress value was relatively low for Al(Mg)-NiO if comparing to similar tests performed for the Al-NiO composite. Structural observations revealed very-fine grained structure of both as-extruded and annealed Al(Mg)-NiO composites. The chemical reaction between the composite matrix and reinforcements (NiO) at sufficiently high temperatures resulted in fine grains and spinel-type particles’ development. With respect to the similarly produced Al-NiO composite, a magnesium addition was found to intensify chemical reaction between Al(Mg)-based matrix and NiO particles. As result, fine Al3Ni particles were observed in both hot-extruded material and Al(Mg)-NiO samples annealed at 823 K/6 h.
Materials Stress Diagnostics by X-Ray and Acoustic Techniques
Authors: Bonarski J.T. , Tarkowski L. , Pawlak S. , Rakowska A. , Major Ł. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Performed investigations and obtained results concerned the analysis of residual stresses in near-surface areas of coppercorundum (Cu-Al2O3) composite and silicon carbide (SiC) samples. X-ray diffraction and acoustic tomography techniques, as well as the suitable calculation procedures, allowed to locate sample-areas with extreme values of stresses residing in the examined materials. The registered texture-stress characteristics reflects inhomogeneity of the samples structure identified by means of acoustic tomography. Obtained results provide valuable information on anisotropy of physical properties of structural elements produced by the technologies applied to the examined samples.
Comparison of High Temperature Corrosion Resistance in Gaseous Environment of Alloys based on Intermetallic Phase Matrix Fe40Al5CrZrb And Steel X12CrCoNi2120
Authors: Cebulski J. , Fornalczyk A. , Pasek D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents results of the research which aim was to compare the corrosion resistance of alloys based on intermetallic phase after Fe40Al5CrTiB crystallization and after forming the steel corrosion resistant X12CrCoNi2120 species. The tests were performed for steel at temperature of 700°C Fe40Al5CrTiB and for alloy at 1100°C and 9% O2 0.2% HCl + SO2+ 0.08 N2 environment. In the research the changes of weight after corrosion tests, observations of the surface, specified chemical and phase composition of corrosion products were made. The obtained results of the study showed a very good corrosion resistance of Fe40Al5CrTiB alloys in high temperature and environments containing oxygen, sulfur and chlorine as compared to the corrosion resistance of the steel grade X12CrCoNi2120. Results of the research conducted in this scope are the basis for further research.
Diversification of Phase Composition of Metallurgical Wastes after the Production of Cast Iron and Cast Steel
Authors: Jonczy I. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Basing on mineralogical studies, the characteristic of phase composition was carried out with respect to slags after the production of cast iron and wastes from casting moulds after the production of cast steel. Their composition is dominated by glaze, metallic precipitations and oxide phases, e.g. wustite, and they contain a considerably smaller amount of silicate phases represented by olivines, fayalite or fosterite. These wastes are characterized by different phase composition or chemical composition which depends on the technological process and charge material.
Modelling Liquid Steel Motion Caused by Electromagnetic Stirring in Continuous Casting Steel Process
Authors: Rywotycki M. , Malinowski Z. , Giełżecki J. , Gołdasz A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents an attempt of modelling liquid steel motion triggered off by electromagnetic stirring. Steel viscosity was calculated on the basis of temperature field determined with the use of stationary heat conduction equation. Velocity field was determined using Navier-Stokes equations and stream continuity equation. Solution was obtained using the finite element method. The developed model allows to carry out quick simulating calculations of fluid flow. Stationary solution was employed, and this allowed to reduce computation time substantially.
Selected Problems from the High-Carbon Steel Wire Drawing Theory and Technology
Authors: Muskalski Z. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Use of computer programs based on finite element methods for simulations of plastic working processes allows for their wider analysis.
The theoretical studies presented in the paper, carried out using Drawing 2D, a specialized software application for modelling of the multi-stage drawing process, and their experimental verification have enabled a comprehensive analysis of many problems related to high-carbon steel wire drawing to be made, such as: drawing under hydrodynamic lubrication conditions, drawing with a change in the deformation direction, drawing with small final reductions, and high-speed drawing.