bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
En Balance
Authors: Wheeler Gina , Montgomery Susanne B. , Beeson Larry , Bahjri Khaled , Shulz Eloy , Firek Anthony , De Leon Marino , Cordero-MacIntyre Zaida 
Published: September 2012

Purpose This study was designed to assess the feasibility of culturally and language-sensitive diabetes education as a way to increase physical activity and to improve health/diabetes management in a group of Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. Methods En Balance is a culturally sensitive diabetes education program designed for Spanish-speaking Hispanic adults. The 3-month educational intervention assessed 16 males and 23 females living in Riverside and San Bernardino counties of Southern California. Baseline and 3-month evaluations of physical activity were assessed using the validated Arizona Activity Frequency Questionnaire. Results After 3 months on the En Balance program, there was a significant increase in moderate intensity physical activity energy expenditure (M = 368 ± 894 kcal/day, P < 0.01) and high intensity physical activity energy expenditure (M = 405 ± 2569 kcal/day, P = 0.05) compared to baseline and significant reductions in A1C (−0.90%, P = 0.01), total cholesterol (−13.44 mg/dl, P = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (−10.28 mg/dl, P = 0.03), and waist circumference (−1.52 cm, P = 0.04). Conclusion En Balance program resulted in significant mean increases in both moderate and high intensity physical activity energy expenditure among this group of Hispanic diabetic participants, indicating that despite a general pattern of low physical activity in this group, an intervention that stresses both nutrition and exercise in culturally sensitive ways can positively impact participant’s physical activity levels as well as impact nutritional changes.
Illicit drug use in cluster headache patients and in the general population: A comparative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rossi Paolo , Allena Marta , Tassorelli Cristina , Sances Grazia , Lorenzo Cherubino Di , Faroni Jessica V , Nappi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2012

Background: The rate of illicit drug use in cluster headache (CH) patients is unknown. Methods: Two hundred and ten CH patients (162 males and 48 females) attending two headache clinics provided information about their lifetime use (once or more in their lifetime, LTU), recent use (once or more in the past year, RU), and current use (once or more in the past 30 days, CU) of illicit drugs. General population data (IPSAD®Italia2007–2008) served as the control group. Results: LTU of each illicit drug but hallucinogens, RU of cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy, and CU of cannabis and cocaine were significantly higher in the male CH patients than in the general population, whereas no difference was found between the CH women and the controls. In the CH group, 28.5% of patients reported having used illicit drugs for the first time after CH onset and 71.5% before CH onset. Compared with the controls, the male CH group showed a greater prevalence both of lifetime sustained intensive use of any illicit drug and of current intensive use of cannabis. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that male CH patients are prone to overindulge in illicit drug use. This finding possibly reflects a common biological susceptibility that predisposes these subjects to CH and to addictive behaviour.
Kinematics Analysis of Ankle Inversion Ligamentous Sprain Injuries in Sports
Authors: Fong Daniel Tik-Pui , Ha Sophia Chui-Wai , Mok Kam-Ming , Chan Christie Wing-Long , Chan Kai-Ming 
Published: September 2012

Background: Ankle ligamentous sprain is common in sports. The most direct way to study the mechanism quantitatively is to study real injury cases; however, it is unethical and impractical to produce an injury in the laboratory. A recently developed, model-based image-matching motion analysis technique allows quantitative analysis of real injury incidents captured in televised events and gives important knowledge for the development of injury prevention protocols and equipment. To date, there have been only 4 reported cases, and there is a need to conduct more studies for a better understanding of the mechanism of ankle ligamentous sprain injury. Purpose: This study presents 5 cases in tennis and a comparison with 4 previous cases for a better understanding of the mechanism of ankle ligamentous sprain injury. Study Design: Case series; level of evidence, 4. Methods: Five sets of videos showing ankle sprain injuries in televised tennis competition with 2 camera views were collected. The videos were transformed, synchronized, and rendered to a 3-dimensional animation software. The dimensions of the tennis court in each case were obtained to build a virtual environment, and a skeleton model scaled to the injured athlete’s height was used for the skeleton matching. Foot strike was determined visually, and the profiles of the ankle joint kinematics were individually presented. Results: There was a pattern of sudden inversion and internal rotation at the ankle joint, with the peak values ranging from 48°-126° and 35°-99°, respectively. In the sagittal plane, the ankle joint fluctuated between plantar flexion and dorsiflexion within the first 0.50 seconds after foot strike. The peak inversion velocity ranged from 509 to 1488 deg/sec. Conclusion: Internal rotation at the ankle joint could be one of the causes of ankle inversion sprain injury, with a slightly inverted ankle joint orientation at landing as the inciting event. To prevent the foot from rolling over the edge to cause a sprain injury, tennis players who do lots of sideward cutting motions should try to land with a neutral ankle orientation and keep the center of pressure from shifting laterally.
Governing the injecting drug user
Authors: Walmsley Ian 
Published: September 2012

This article offers a critical contribution to the debate on a problematic ‘type’ of injecting drug use referred to as needle fixation. At the heart of this debate, is a questioning of the existence, prevalence and usefulness of the needle fixation concept for academics and drug treatment practitioners working with injecting drug users. The aim of this article is to extend and develop this discussion by examining the historical conditions of the needle fixation discourse. Drawing upon Michel Foucault’s concept of governmentality, it uses primary and secondary sources from the 19th century to the present to trace the historical trajectory of the problematic relationship between the injecting drug user, the syringe and truth. By reconceptualizing needle fixation as a technology of government, this article will argue that needle fixation can be seen to be incompatible with contemporary rationalities found in treatment policy and practice, suggesting that we have moved beyond needle fixation as a way of governing injecting drug use and into the domain of risk management. Beyond revealing this tension, the article highlights new lines that are currently being drawn between the injecting drug user, the syringe and truth from the field of neuroscience and the risk-management potential of psychopharmacology.
A Bayesian path analysis to estimate causal effects of bazedoxifene acetate on incidence of vertebral fractures, either directly or through non-linear changes in bone mass density
Authors: Detilleux J , Reginster J-Y , Chines A , Bruyère O 
Published: September 2012

Background/Aims Bone mass density values have been related with risk of vertebral fractures in post-menopausal women. However, bone mass density is not perfectly accurate in predicting risk of fracture, which decreases its usefulness as a surrogate in clinical trials. We propose a modeling framework with three interconnected parts to improve the evaluation of bone mass density accuracy in forecasting fractures after treatment. Methods The modeling framework includes: (1) a piecewise regression to describe non-linear temporal BMD changes more accurately than crude percent changes, (2) a structural equation model to analyze interdependencies among vertebral fractures and their potential risk factors in preference to regression techniques that consider only directional associations, and (3) a counterfactual causal interpretation of the direct and indirect relationships between treatment and occurrence of vertebral fractures. We apply the methods to BMD repeated measurements from a study of the effect of bazedoxifene acetate on incident vertebral fractures in three different geographical regions. Results We made four observations: (1) bone mass density changes varied largely across participants, (2) baseline age and body mass index influenced baseline bone mass density that, in turn, had an effect on prevalent fractures, (3) direct and/or indirect effects of bazedoxifene acetate on incident fractures were different across regions, and (4) estimates of indirect effects were sensible to the presence of post-treatment unmeasured confounders. In one region, around 40% of the bazedoxifene acetate effect on the occurrence of fracture is explained by its effect on bone mass density. Under the counterfactual approach, these 40% represent the average difference in the occurrence of fracture observed for untreated individuals when their bone mass density values are set at the value under bazedoxifene acetate versus under placebo. Conclusions Computational methods are available to evaluate and interpret the surrogacytic capability of a biomarker of a primary outcome.
Democracy, Government Spending and Economic Growth: The Case of Ghana, 1960–2008
Authors: Sakyi Daniel , Adams Samuel 
Published: September 2012

Economic theory predicts a growth enhancing activities of various core functions of government. Nonetheless, government spending in non-democratic countries often goes beyond these core functions, namely into rent-seeking and non-productive activities. This paper employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing approach to cointegration to investigate the extent to which democracy and government spending have had an impact on economic growth in Ghana over the period 1960–2008. The empirical results obtained are encouraging, revealing support for the high effi ciency of government spending in democracies’ hypothesis. The paper demonstrates that democracy and government spending go hand in hand to have a positive impact on economic growth in Ghana in both the long and short run. The fi ndings and policy recommendations of the paper provide vital information relevant for developing countries involved in the democratisation process. JEL Classification: C22, H50, O40
A Multivariate Analysis of the Nexus between Savings and Economic Growth in the ASEAN-5 Economies
Authors: Tang Chor Foon , Ch’ng Kean Siang 
Published: September 2012

The savings–growth nexus is an age-old empirical problem, but the causal relationship between savings and economic growth remains controversial. Establishing a clear causal relationship has signifi cant policymaking implications for economic growth and development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to re-visit empirically the savings–growth nexus for the fi ve ASEAN founding economies—ASEAN-5—via a multivariate framework. This study covered the annual data from 1970 to 2010. The Bartlett-corrected trace test for cointegration was adopted to examine the presence of a long-run relationship between savings and its determinants. The estimation results suggest that savings and its determinants are cointegrated in the fi ve ASEAN founding countries. urthermore, the bootstrapping approach was used to ascertain the causality direction between savings and economic growth. We found that savings Granger cause economic growth in all ASEAN-5 economies. Therefore, we believe that savings is a prominent source of economic JEL Classifications: C22, E21, O16
Supporting a Psychiatric Hospital Culture of Safety
Authors: Mahoney Jane S. , Ellis Thomas E. , Garland Gayle , Palyo Nancy , Greene Pamela K. 
Published: September 2012

Background: Concerns for patient safety have risen to the forefront of health care, including mental health care. Safe patient care depends, to a large extent, on high functioning teams, yet team training is lacking in basic professional training programs. To address the need for team training, one psychiatric hospital adopted the Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety program (TeamSTEPPS). Objectives: To describe the implementation of TeamSTEPPS throughout the organization and to describe the differences in team attributes prior to and following implementation of TeamSTEPPS. Design: Quality improvement project using a pre–post survey design. Results: TeamSTEPPS was successfully implemented, and changes in all team attributes trended in a positive direction with 5 of 7 subscales reaching significance ( p ≤ .01). Conclusions: TeamSTEPPS provided a practical approach for our hospital to systematically weave safety throughout the culture and improve team functioning and other attributes of highly effective teams.
Efficacy and safety of beta-interferon in Thai patients with demyelinating diseases
Authors: Jarernsook B , Siritho S , Prayoonwiwat N 
Published: September 2012

Background: The efficacy of beta-interferon (IFN-β) treatment in Thai patients with demyelinating diseases has not been reported. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and any adverse drug reactions of IFN-β therapy in Thai patients, for each group of demyelinating diseases. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of Thai patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) who attended the MS Clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand from March 2000 to October 2011. We reviewed those 73 patients who received IFN-β. We evaluated the drug’s efficacy over 2 years and any adverse drug reactions among these patients. Results: Of the 40 MS patients who received IFN-β, 26 adhered to the medication for at least 2 years. In addition, 27 NMO/NMOSDs patients who had been diagnosed with MS were treated as such with IFN-β. In the true MS group, the pre- and post-treatment annualized relapse rates (ARR) were 1.25 and 0.59, respectively, so there was a reduction of 52.8% ( p = 0.004). In addition, in 69.2% of the patients, IFN-β also showed beneficial effects by prolonging the time to first relapse to 15.9 months and stabilizing or decreasing progression of the disease. In contrast, no significant benefit was seen in the NMO/NMOSDs group. On the contrary, an increase in EDSS was seen in 53.3 % of them. The most common side effects seen were local skin reactions and flu-like symptoms. Conclusions: Treatment with IFN-β was effective in reducing both ARR and disability progression in Thai patients with MS. In contrast, we observed that giving IFN-β treatment to NMO/NMOSDs patients may lead to a worsening of symptoms.
Diuretic drugs benefit patients with hypertension more with night-time dosing
Authors: Okeahialam Basil N , Ohihoin Esther N , Ajuluchukwu Jayne NA 
Published: September 2012

Objectives: Night-time chronotherapy in antihypertensive drugs has been shown to produce better blood pressure control and protect from cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To date, this has been proven for several drug classes excluding thiazides diuretics. Given the peculiar response of blood pressure to thiazides in black people we sought to determine whether night-time chronotherapy with thiazides produces better control as already shown with other drug classes. Methods: A subanalysis of a larger chronotherapy study with antihypertensive drugs in Nigerian Africans was done. The subpopulation of those whose disease was controlled after 12 weeks of diuretic monotherapy was analysed. Those who received drugs in the morning and at night were compared along control lines and some cardiac indices. Results: Both groups were similar on all scores at baseline. After 12 weeks of monotherapy patients who received drugs at night had significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure though control was achieved with both morning and night-time dosing. Also the left ventricular posterior and septal walls regressed better as well as left ventricular mass in the night-time group. Conclusion: Though equally effective in reducing blood pressure and cardiac indices related to hypertension, patients taking their drugs at night recorded better values. This makes diuretics equally amenable to night-time chronotherapy as other drug classes. This effect should be explored to reduce the morbidity and mortality consequences of hypertension.
Asenapine Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics After Single and Multiple Doses in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Dogterom Peter , Timmer Cees , de Greef Rik , Spaans Edwin , de Vries Dick , van Vliet Andre , Peeters Pierre 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study is the first in healthy volunteers to describe the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of sublingual asenapine at therapeutic dosages. After a 2‐day placebo run‐in phase, healthy male volunteers received placebo or asenapine escalated to dosages of 3, 5, 10, or 15 mg bid. Another group received single doses (2 and 5 mg) 1 week apart. Serial blood samples were obtained for pharmacokinetic analysis. The single asenapine doses and multiple bid doses up to 10 mg were well tolerated. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events were somnolence, oral paresthesia, fatigue, headache, dizziness, and dyspnea. Clinically relevant abnormalities or trends in laboratory and vital signs measures, physical examinations, or electrocardiograms were not observed. Asenapine was rapidly absorbed, with a tmax of ∼1 hour, and was biphasically eliminated with a terminal elimination half‐life of 20 to 30 hours. In the range of 3 to 10 mg bid, increases in plasma concentrations were less than dose proportional. Asenapine appears to be well tolerated at single doses up to 5 mg and multiple doses up to 10 mg bid and can be administered to healthy volunteers in clinical pharmacology studies using the dosing regimens described.
Hodgkin lymphoma requires stabilized NIK and constitutive RelB expression for survival
Authors: Ranuncolo Stella M. , Pittaluga Stefania , Evbuomwan Moses O. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Lewis Brian A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We have analyzed the role of the REL family members in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). shRNA targeting of each REL member showed that HL was uniquely dependent on relB, in contrast to several other B-cell lymphomas. In addition, relA and c-rel shRNA expression also decreased HL cell viability. In exploring relB activation further, we found stable NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) protein in several HL cell lines and that NIK shRNA also affected HL cell line viability. More importantly, 49 of 50 HL patient biopsies showed stable NIK protein, indicating that NIK and the noncanonical pathway are very prevalent in HL. Lastly, we have used a NIK inhibitor that reduced HL but not other B-cell lymphoma cell viability. These data show that HL is uniquely dependent on relB and that the noncanonical pathway can be a therapeutic target for HL. Furthermore, these results show that multiple REL family members participate in the maintenance of a HL phenotype.
PAGED: a pathway and gene-set enrichment database to enable molecular phenotype discoveries
Authors: Huang Hui , Wu Xiaogang , Sonachalam Madhankumar , Mandape Sammed N , Pandey Ragini , MacDorman Karl F , Wan Ping , Chen Jake Y 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Over the past decade, pathway and gene-set enrichment analysis has evolved into the study of high-throughput functional genomics. Owing to poorly annotated and incomplete pathway data, researchers have begun to combine pathway and gene-set enrichment analysis as well as network module-based approaches to identify crucial relationships between different molecular mechanisms.

Methods
To meet the new challenge of molecular phenotype discovery, in this work, we have developed an integrated online database, the P athway A nd G ene E nrichment D atabase (PAGED), to enable comprehensive searches for disease-specific pathways, gene signatures, microRNA targets, and network modules by integrating gene-set-based prior knowledge as molecular patterns from multiple levels: the genome, transcriptome, post-transcriptome, and proteome.

Results
The online database we developed, PAGED http://bio.informatics.iupui.edu/PAGED is by far the most comprehensive public compilation of gene sets. In its current release, PAGED contains a total of 25,242 gene sets, 61,413 genes, 20 organisms, and 1,275,560 records from five major categories. Beyond its size, the advantage of PAGED lies in the explorations of relationships between gene sets as gene-set association networks (GSANs). Using colorectal cancer expression data analysis as a case study, we demonstrate how to query this database resource to discover crucial pathways, gene signatures, and gene network modules specific to colorectal cancer functional genomics.

Conclusions
This integrated online database lays a foundation for developing tools beyond third-generation pathway analysis approaches on for discovering molecular phenotypes, especially for disease-associated pathway/gene-set enrichment analysis.
Implementation of multiple-instance learning in drug activity prediction
Authors: Fu Gang , Nan Xiaofei , Liu Haining , Patel Ronak Y , Daga Pankaj R , Chen Yixin , Wilkins Dawn E , Doerksen Robert J 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
In the context of drug discovery and development, much effort has been exerted to determine which conformers of a given molecule are responsible for the observed biological activity. In this work we aimed to predict bioactive conformers using a variant of supervised learning, named multiple-instance learning. A single molecule, treated as a bag of conformers, is biologically active if and only if at least one of its conformers, treated as an instance, is responsible for the observed bioactivity; and a molecule is inactive if none of its conformers is responsible for the observed bioactivity. The implementation requires instance-based embedding, and joint feature selection and classification. The goal of the present project is to implement multiple-instance learning in drug activity prediction, and subsequently to identify the bioactive conformers for each molecule.

Methods
We encoded the 3-dimensional structures using pharmacophore fingerprints which are binary strings, and accomplished instance-based embedding using calculated dissimilarity distances. Four dissimilarity measures were employed and their performances were compared. 1-norm SVM was used for joint feature selection and classification. The approach was applied to four data sets, and the best proposed model for each data set was determined by using the dissimilarity measure yielding the smallest number of selected features.

Results
The predictive abilities of the proposed approach were compared with three classical predictive models without instance-based embedding. The proposed approach produced the best predictive models for one data set and second best predictive models for the rest of the data sets, based on the external validations. To validate the ability of the proposed approach to find bioactive conformers, 12 small molecules with co-crystallized structures were seeded in one data set. 10 out of 12 co-crystallized structures were indeed identified as significant conformers using the proposed approach.

Conclusions
The proposed approach was proven not to suffer from overfitting and to be highly competitive with classical predictive models, so it is very powerful for drug activity prediction. The approach was also validated as a useful method for pursuit of bioactive conformers.