bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive Intravenous Infusion of Insulin in Diabetic Cats
Authors: Hafner M. , Dietiker‐Moretti S. , Kaufmann K. , Mueller C. , Lutz T.A. , Reusch C.E. , Zini E. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundRemission occurs in 10–50% of cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is assumed that intensive treatment improves β‐cell function and increases remission rates.HypothesisInitial intravenous infusion of insulin that achieves tight glycemic control decreases subsequent insulin requirements and increases remission rate in diabetic cats.AnimalsThirty cats with newly diagnosedDM.MethodsProspective study. Cats were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. Cats in group 1 (n = 15) received intravenous infusion of insulin with the goal of maintaining blood glucose concentrations at 90–180 mg/dL, for 6 days. Cats in group 2 (n = 15) received subcutaneous injections of insulin glargine (cats ≤4 kg: 0.5–1.0 IU, q12h; >4 kg 1.5–2.0 IU, q12h), for 6 days. Thereafter, all cats were treated with subcutaneous injections of insulin glargine and followed up for 6 months. Cats were considered in remission when euglycemia occurred for ≥4 weeks without the administration of insulin. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn groups 1 and 2, remission was achieved in 10/15 and in 7/14 cats (P = .46), and good metabolic control was achieved in 3/5 and in 1/7 cats (P = .22), respectively. Overall, good metabolic control or remission occurred in 13/15 cats of group 1 and in 8/14 cats of group 2. In group 1, the median insulin dosage given during the 6‐month follow‐up was significantly lower than in group 2 (group 1: 0.32 IU/kg/day, group 2: 0.51 IU/kg/day;P = .013).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceInitial intravenous infusion of insulin for tight glycemic control in cats withDMdecreases insulin requirements during the subsequent 6 months.
The genetic architecture of traits associated with the evolution of self‐pollination in Mimulus
Authors: Fishman Lila , Beardsley Paul M. , Stathos Angela , Williams Charles F. , Hill Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a first step toward understanding the genetic basis of adaptive evolution and may also reveal reproductive incompatibilities unique to hybrids. In plants, the shift from outcrossing to self‐pollination is common, providing the opportunity for comparisons of QTL architecture among parallel evolutionary transitions.

We used QTL mapping in hybrids between the bee‐pollinated monkeyflower Mimulus lewisii and the closely related selfer Mimulus parishii to determine the genetic basis of divergence in floral traits and flowering time associated with mating‐system evolution, and to characterize hybrid anther sterility.

We found a moderately polygenic and highly directional basis for floral size evolution, suggesting adaptation from standing variation or in pursuit of a moving optimum, whereas only a few major loci accounted for substantial flowering‐time divergence. Cytonuclear incompatibilities caused hybrid anther sterility, confounding estimation of reproductive organ QTLs.

The genetic architecture of floral traits associated with selfing in M. parishii was primarily polygenic, as in other QTL studies of this transition, but in contrast to the previously characterized oligogenic basis of a pollinator shift in close relatives. Hybrid anther sterility appeared parallel at the molecular level to previously characterized incompatibilities, but also raised new questions about cytonuclear co‐evolution in plants.
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit B′γ interacts with cytoplasmic ACONITASE 3 and modulates the abundance of AOX1A and AOX1D in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Konert Grzegorz , Trotta Andrea , Kouvonen Petri , Rahikainen Moona , Durian Guido , Blokhina Olga , Fagerstedt Kurt , Muth Dorota , Corthals Garry L. , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Organellar reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling is a key mechanism that promotes the onset of defensive measures in stress‐exposed plants. The underlying molecular mechanisms and feedback regulation loops, however, still remain poorly understood. Our previous work has shown that a specific regulatory B′γ subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is required to control organellar ROS signalling and associated metabolic adjustments in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we addressed the mechanisms through which PP2A‐B′γ impacts on organellar metabolic crosstalk and ROS homeostasis in leaves.

Genetic, biochemical and pharmacological approaches, together with a combination of data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) MS techniques, were utilized to assess PP2A‐B′γ‐dependent adjustments in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We show that PP2A‐B’γ physically interacts with the cytoplasmic form of aconitase, a central metabolic enzyme functionally connected with mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress responses and regulation of cell death in plants. Furthermore, PP2A‐B’γ impacts ROS homeostasis by controlling the abundance of specific alternative oxidase isoforms, AOX1A and AOX1D, in leaf mitochondria.

We conclude that PP2A‐B’γ‐dependent regulatory actions modulate the functional status of metabolic enzymes that essentially contribute to intracellular ROS signalling and metabolic homeostasis in plants.
Suppression of xylan endotransglycosylase PtxtXyn10A affects cellulose microfibril angle in secondary wall in aspen wood
Authors: Derba‐Maceluch Marta , Awano Tatsuya , Takahashi Junko , Lucenius Jessica , Ratke Christine , Kontro Inkeri , Busse‐Wicher Marta , Kosik Ondrej , Tanaka Ryo , Winzéll Anders , Kallas Åsa , Leśniewska Joanna , Berthold Fredrik , Immerzeel Peter , Teeri Tuula T. , Ezcurra Ines , Dupree Paul , Serimaa Ritva , Mellerowicz Ewa J. 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Certain xylanases from family GH10 are highly expressed during secondary wall deposition, but their function is unknown. We carried out functional analyses of the secondary‐wall specific PtxtXyn10A in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides).

PtxtXyn10A function was analysed by expression studies, overexpression in Arabidopsis protoplasts and by downregulation in aspen.

PtxtXyn10A overexpression in Arabidopsis protoplasts resulted in increased xylan endotransglycosylation rather than hydrolysis. In aspen, the enzyme was found to be proteolytically processed to a 68 kDa peptide and residing in cell walls. Its downregulation resulted in a corresponding decrease in xylan endotransglycosylase activity and no change in xylanase activity. This did not alter xylan molecular weight or its branching pattern but affected the cellulose‐microfibril angle in wood fibres, increased primary growth (stem elongation, leaf formation and enlargement) and reduced the tendency to form tension wood. Transcriptomes of transgenic plants showed downregulation of tension wood related genes and changes in stress‐responsive genes.

The data indicate that PtxtXyn10A acts as a xylan endotransglycosylase and its main function is to release tensional stresses arising during secondary wall deposition. Furthermore, they suggest that regulation of stresses in secondary walls plays a vital role in plant development.
Continuity of Care for Older Adults with Chronic Illness in China: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Cheng Shu‐Ling , Zhao Jin‐Zhi , Bai Jinbing , Zang Xiao‐Ying 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo explore nurses' understanding of continuity of care and existing problems in implementation of continuity of care for Chinese elders with chronic illnesses.Design and SampleCross‐sectional survey and semi‐structured interview were performed on 15 nurses and older patients and 1,902 older patients between July 2010 and February 2011.MeasuresSemi‐structured interview guideline and four‐section scale were used.ResultsThe interviews showed nurses lacked knowledge of continuity of care, and nurses from small towns or rural areas had less understanding of continuity of care and discharge planning than nurses from central cities. Significant differences were found among patients located in referred areas in selection of medical institutions for treatment, suggesting older adults were more likely to choose general hospitals for treatment. Self‐reported surveys demonstrated more than 70% of hospitalized elders chose community hospitals for further recovery after discharge from general hospitals.ConclusionsChinese nurses lack knowledge of continuity of care, and significant discontinuity exists between health care provided by general hospitals, community hospitals and other institutions for elders. A further model for the development of continuity of care should be established that addresses older patients' demands and current barriers in China.
Resampling the peak, some dos and don'ts
Authors: Zoumpoulaki Alexia , Alsufyani Abdulmajeed , Bowman Howard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResampling techniques are used widely within the ERP community to assess statistical significance and especially in the deception detection literature. Here, we argue that because of statistical bias, bootstrap should not be used in combination with methods like peak‐to‐peak. Instead, permutation tests provide a more appropriate alternative.
Presidents, Prime Ministers and Politics of Care – Why Korea Expanded Childcare Much More than Japan
Authors: Estévez‐Abe Margarita , Kim Yeong‐Soon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractJapan and South Korea have been known as ‘familialistic’ welfare states, where the family was the main caregiver. Both countries are in the process of transformation. Today, their welfare states provide more care services than never before. Korea has expanded care services much more rapidly than Japan. Korea today outperforms Japan and many other countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development in enrolment rates of children up to the age of three in childcare. We develop an institutional model to explain why Korea responded to childcare needs much more drastically than Japan. We also apply the same model to explain why Korea prioritized childcare over elderly care, while Japan has done just the opposite.
Why the Social Investment Approach is Not Enough – The Female Labour Market and Family Policy in theRepublic ofKorea
Authors: Lee Sophia Seung‐yoon , Baek Seung‐ho 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite the gradual increase in the female labour market activity rate in most of the countries of theOrganisation forEconomicCo‐operation andDevelopment, the rate has been stagnant in theRepublic ofKorea. The low female employment rate inKorea also reflects the withdrawal of a majority of women at the time of marriage or childbirth, resulting in anM‐shaped pattern. The discourse on social investment attracted much attention from theKimDae‐JungGovernment (1998–2003) and was more facilitated from the mid‐2000s towards the later period of theRohMoo‐HyunGovernment (2003–08). Against this background and along with a frantic focus on the low fertility rate from the mid‐2000s, the government has expanded expenditure on family policy. In this article, we analyze social investment policies related to female employment and discuss their effect on promotingKorean women to work. We first closely examine theKorean female labour market in three aspects: precarious employment pattern; career breaks; and under‐employment. Based on our policy analysis, we suggest that there is a mismatch in implemented policy and policy preference. Lastly, this article questions how effective social investment policies can be without a consideration of changes in job quality in theKorean female labour market.
The Expansion of the Korean Welfare State and Its Results – Focusing on Long‐term Care Insurance for the Elderly
Authors: Chon Yongho 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSince the early 2000s, there has been considerable expansion of the Korean welfare state. In particular, a new compulsory long‐term care insurance (LTCI) for older people was introduced in 2008, facilitating the socialization of long‐term care (LTC) services at a national level. This study aims to examine how the Korean welfare state has coped with the increasing LTC needs of older people caused by introducing and implementing a new LTCI system and reforming it. This study argues that the LTCI was designed to meet limited objectives, such as providing minimal coverage and affording private for‐profit market forces a predominant role in the provision of LTCI services. Owing to the implementation of the insurance, a number of achievements and shortcomings with respect to the LTCI have become evident. To address the challenges that have emerged, the Korean government announced a reform plan in 2012, which emphasized changes such as increasing coverage and improving the quality of services. Although the reform plan also shows a number of fundamental limitations, it is expected to contribute to the development of the Korean LTCI to a certain extent.
Do Ads Add Up? The Impact of Parties' Advertisements on the Stability of Vote Choice at the Swiss National Elections 2011
Authors: Gerber Marlène , Bühlmann Marc 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOur contribution analyses the influence of campaign advertisements on vote choice in the 2011 elections to the Swiss National Council. Concretely, we ask whether and to what extent the relative exposure to party ads of a preferred party exerts a reinforcing effect on an individual's party choice. We make use of the two‐wave panel structure contained in the RCS survey data of the Selects 2011 and combine it with data on advertisements in 20 important national and regional newspapers. We find that increasing exposure to the campaign of one's preferred party may reinforce individuals with strong party attachment in their initial vote choice. Yet this effect only materializes with substantial campaign duration and exposure. Additional and exploratory analyses revealed that particularly the two recently emerged parties, the GLP and BDP, might have made a slight difference by potentially persuading defecting voters with the help of their campaign.
Investigation of antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and action mechanism of piperazine derivatives of betulinic acid
Authors: Silva Gloria N. S. , Schuck Desirée C. , Cruz Laura N. , Moraes Miriam S. , Nakabashi Myna , Gosmann Grace , Garcia Célia R. S. , Gnoatto Simone C. B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo semisynthesise piperazine derivatives of betulinic acid to evaluate antimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and action mechanism.MethodsThe new derivatives were evaluated against the CQ‐sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain by flow cytometry (FC) using YOYO‐1 as stain. Cytotoxicity of 4a and 4b was performed with HEK293T cells for 24 and 48 h by MTT assay. The capability of compound 4a to modulate Ca2+ in the trophozoite stage was investigated. The trophozoites were stained with Fluo4‐AM and analysed by spectrofluorimetry. Effect on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was tested for 4a by FC with DiOC6 (3) as stain. For β‐haematin assay, 4a was incubated for 24 h with reagents such as haemin, and the fluorescence was measured by FlexStation at an absorbance of 405 nm.ResultsAntimalarial activity of 4a and 4b was IC50 = 1 and 4 μm, respectively. Compound 4a displayed cytotoxicity with IC50 = 69 and 29 μm for 24 and 48 h, respectively, and 4b was not cytotoxic at the tested concentrations. Addition of 4a leads to an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. We have measured ΔΨm after treating parasites with the compound. Data on Figure 4a show that mitochondria were not affected. The action mechanism for 4a, inhibition of β‐haematin formation (17%), was lower than CQ treatment (83%; IC50 = 3 mm).ConclusionCompound 4a showed excellent antimalarial activity, and its action mechanism is involved in Ca2+ pathway(s).
Arabidopsis p24δ5 and p24δ9 facilitate Coat Protein I‐dependent transport of the K/HDELreceptorERD2 from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Montesinos Juan Carlos , Pastor‐Cantizano Noelia , Robinson David G. , Marcote María Jesús , Aniento Fernando 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe p24 proteins belong to a family of type I membrane proteins which cycle between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi via coat protein I (COPI) and COPII vesicles. Current nomenclature classifies them into four subfamilies, although plant p24 proteins belong to either the p24β or the p24δ subfamilies. Here, we show that Arabidopsis p24δ5/δ9 andHDELligands shift the steady‐state distribution of the K/HDELreceptorERD2 from the Golgi to theER. We also show that p24δ5/δ9 interact directly withERD2. This interaction requires the Golgi dynamics (GOLD) domain in p24δ5 and is much higher at acidic than at neutralpH, consistent with both proteins interacting at thecis‐Golgi. In addition, p24δ5 also inhibits the secretion ofHDELligands, but not constitutive secretion, showing a role for p24δ5 in retrograde Golgi‐to‐ERtransport. Both p24δ5 andERD2 interact withADP‐ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) andCOPIsubunits, mostly at acidicpH, consistent withCOPIvesicles being involved in retrograde transport of both proteins. In contrast, both proteins interact with theCOPIIsubunit Sec23, mostly at neutralpH, consistent with this interaction taking place at theERfor anterograde transport to the Golgi apparatus.
Mechanical Properties of Sprinting in Elite Rugby Union and Rugby League
Authors: Cross Matt R. , Brughelli Matt , Brown Scott R. , Samozino Pierre , Gill Nicholas D. , Cronin John B. , Morin Jean-Benoît 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:
To compare mechanical properties of overground sprint running in elite rugby union and rugby league athletes.

Methods:
Thirty elite rugby code (15 rugby union and 15 rugby league) athletes participated in this cross-sectional analysis. Radar was used to measure maximal overground sprint performance over 20 or 30 m (forwards and backs, respectively). In addition to time at 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 m, velocity-time signals were analyzed to derive external horizontal force–velocity relationships with a recently validated method. From this relationship, the maximal theoretical velocity, external relative and absolute horizontal force, horizontal power, and optimal horizontal force for peak power production were determined.

Results:
While differences in maximal velocity were unclear between codes, rugby union backs produced moderately faster split times, with the most substantial differences occurring at 2 and 5 m (ES 0.95 and 0.86, respectively). In addition, rugby union backs produced moderately larger relative horizontal force, optimal force, and peak power capabilities than rugby league backs (ES 0.73−0.77). Rugby union forwards had a higher absolute force (ES 0.77) despite having ~12% more body weight than rugby league forwards.

Conclusions:
In this elite sample, rugby union athletes typically displayed greater short-distance sprint performance, which may be linked to an ability to generate high levels of horizontal force and power. The acceleration characteristics presented in this study could be a result of the individual movement and positional demands of each code.
Gait-Cycle Characteristics and Running Economy in Elite Eritrean and European Runners
Authors: Santos-Concejero Jordan , Oliván Jesús , Maté-Muñoz José L. , Muniesa Carlos , Montil Marta , Tucker Ross , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:This study aimed to determine whether biomechanical characteristics such as ground-contact time, swing time, and stride length and frequency contribute to the exceptional running economy of East African runners.Methods:Seventeen elite long-distance runners (9 Eritrean, 8 European) performed an incremental maximal running test and 3 submaximal running bouts at 17, 19, and 21 km/h. During the tests, gas-exchange parameters were measured to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and running economy (RE). In addition, ground-contact time, swing time, stride length, and stride frequency were measured.Results:The European runners had higher VO2max values than the Eritrean runners (77.2 ± 5.2 vs 73.5 ± 6.0 mL · kg−1 · min−1, P = .011, effect sizes [ES] = 0.65), although Eritrean runners were more economical at 19 km/h (191.4 ± 10.4 vs 205.9 ± 13.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1, P = .026, ES = 1.21). There were no differences between groups for ground-contact time, swing time, stride length, or stride frequency at any speed. Swing time was associated with running economy at 21 km/h in the Eritrean runners (r = .71, P = .033), but no other significant association was found between RE and biomechanical variables. Finally, best 10-km performance was significantly correlated with RE (r = –.57; P = .013).Conclusions:Eritrean runners have superior RE compared with elite European runners. This appears to offset their inferior VO2max. However, the current data suggest that their better RE does not have a biomechanical basis. Other factors, not measured in the current study, may contribute to this RE advantage.
Combined Strength and Endurance Session Order: Differences in Force Production and Oxygen Uptake
Authors: Taipale Ritva S. , Mikkola Jussi , Nummela Ari T. , Sorvisto Juha , Nyman Kai , Kyröläinen Heikki , Häkkinen Keijo 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:To examine acute responses of force production and oxygen uptake to combined strength (S) and endurance-running (E) loading sessions in which the order of exercises is reversed (ES vs SE).Methods:This crossover study design included recreationally endurance-trained men and women (age 21−45 y; n = 12 men, 10 women) who performed ES and SE loadings. Force production of the lower extremities including countermovement-jump height (CMJ) and maximal isometric strength (MVC) was measured pre-, mid-, and post-ES and -SE, and ground-reaction forces, ground-reaction times, and running economy were measured during E.Results:A significant decrease in CMJ was observed after combined ES and SE in men (4.5% ± 7.0% and 6.6% ± 7.7%, respectively) but not in women (0.2% ± 8.5% and 1.4% ± 7.3% in ES and SE). MVC decreased significantly in both men (20.7% ± 6.1% ES and 19.3% ± 9.4% SE) and women (12.4% ± 9.3% ES and 11.6% ± 12.0% SE). Stride length decreased significantly in ES and SE men, but not in women. No changes were observed in ground-reaction times during running in men or women. Performing S before E caused greater (P < .01) oxygen uptake during running in both men and women than if E was performed before S, although heart rate and blood lactate were similar between ES and SE.Conclusions:Performing S before E increased oxygen uptake during E, which is explained, in part, by a decrease in MVC in both men and women, decreased CMJ and stride length in men, and/or an increase in postexercise oxygen consumption.