bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian transport pathways in the northeast Atlantic and their environmental impact
Authors: Sala Iria , Caldeira Rui M. A. , Estrada‐Allis Sheila N. , Froufe Elsa , Couvelard Xavier 
Published: May 2013

Lay AbstractThe study of transport by ocean currents has important applications for fisheries, conservation biology, pollution control, and military and rescue missions, among others. Though the number of observations of the world ocean has increased substantially in the last decade, the drifting induced by the ocean currents at different depths is still not yet fully mapped or well understood. In this article we use an ocean circulation model to study transport induced by the oceanic currents within the Canary Basin, located in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. To assess the accuracy of the model calculations, comparisons made with satellite and other observations suggest a good representation of some features known to occur in the region. The calculation of the transport routes indicates that there are four different layered pathways: 0–10 m, 20–200 m, 300–500 m, and 600–2000 m deep. Results from previous biological studies on marine organisms, oceanic water mass distribution, and observations of the rafting of crude oil spilled during the Prestige oil tanker accident (in Galicia, north of Spain) partially confirm our calculated routes. This preliminary yet provocative study should stimulate future studies involving more model complexity and further observational campaigns.
The D-type cyclins and their role in tumorigenesis
Authors: Peters Gordon 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARY
The D-type cyclins are expressed during the progression from G0/G1 to S phase in the mammalian cell cycle. There is considerable evidence that they contribute to the development of specific cancers, both in humans and in mouse models. For example, cyclin D1 can be activated by chromosomal translocation, DNA amplification and retroviral integration. Cyclins D1, D2 and D3 preferentially associate with two closely related members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, Cdk4 and Cdk6 and the various complexes are each capable of phosphorylating the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), at least in vitro. This suggests that the growth promoting effects of the D-cyclins may be manifest via their interactions with tumour suppressor genes.
A One-step Strategy for Reinforced Poly(propylene carbonate) with Partial Crosslinking via Terpolymerization of CO2 and Propylene Oxide Using Triglycidyl Isocyanurate
Authors: Feng Jiu-Ying , Gao Li-Jun , Chen Bing , Wu Xiao-Jun , Luo Qiao-Li , Wu Cai-Yan , Zheng Chun-Xia , Lin Liang-Zhu , Deng Shu-Lin , Huang Xiao-Min 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Partly crosslinked poly(propylene carbonate) (pc-PPC) is directly prepared by terpolymerization of CO2 and propylene oxide using multifunctional triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). It is thermoplastic and exhibits significantly enhanced properties with the 5% weight-loss degradation temperature of 271 °C and the tensile strength of 37.4 MPa, along with good toughness with elongation at break of 446%. These findings may develop a facile and effective way to ensure that PPC can be melt-processed without decomposition and used as a structural material.
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,2-Propanediol Using Heterogeneous Copper Nanoparticle Catalyst Derived from Cu–Al Hydrotalcite
Authors: Mizugaki Tomoo , Arundhathi Racha , Mitsudome Takato , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The copper nanoparticle catalyst prepared from Cu–Al hydrotalcite gives an excellent yield of 1,2-propanediol in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The copper nanoparticle catalyst also exhibits high durability against sintering during the hydrogenolysis reaction and can be reused without appreciable loss of activity or selectivity.
Oxygen Incorporation into Infinite-layer Structure AFeO2 (A = Sr or Ca)
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuya , Kan Daisuke , Ichikawa Noriya , Hosokawa Saburo , Kageyama Hiroshi , Shimakawa Yuichi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Oxygen incorporation into infinite-layer structure compounds SrFeO2 and CaFeO2 has been investigated by thermogravimetry analysis. Oxygen begins to be incorporated into SrFeO2 at low temperatures like 100 °C, and the incorporation-reaction rate in SrFeO2 is much larger than that in CaFeO2. A larger structural framework has advantages in regard to the low activation energy for the oxygen incorporation reaction.
When Smaller Menus Are Better: Variability in Menu-Setting Ability
Authors: Goldreich David , Hałaburda Hanna 
Published: May 2013

Are large menus better than small menus? Recent literature argues that individuals' apparent preference for smaller menus can be explained by their behavioral biases or informational limitations. These explanations imply that absent behavioral or informational effects, larger menus would be objectively better. However, in an important economic context—401(k) pension plans—we find that larger menus are objectively worse than smaller menus, as measured by the maximum Sharpe ratio achievable. We propose a model in which menu setters differ in their ability to preselect the menu. We show that when the cost of increasing the menu size is sufficiently small, a lower-ability menu setter optimally offers more items in the menu than a higher-ability menu setter. Nevertheless, the menu optimally offered by a higher-ability menu setter remains superior. This results in a negative relation between menu size and menu quality: smaller menus are better than larger menus. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Crystal structure of bis(µ2-1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane-κ2P,P')- bis(acetato-κ2O,O')disilver(I)-methanol (1:4), [Ag2(CH3COO)2(C27H26P2)2]·4CH3OH, C62H74Ag2O8P4
Authors: Qiu Qi-Ming , Yu Yue , Zhao Yin-Hua , Jin Qiong-Hua , Zhang Cun-Lin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract C62H74Ag2O8P4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.024(1) Å, b = 17.888(1) Å, c = 17.730(2) Å, β = 106.233(2)°, V = 3052.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0531, wRref(F2) = 0.1483, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of catena-(2,2'-bipyridyl-κ2N,N)-µ2(pyridine-2,3- dicarboxylato-κ3N,O:O')manganese(II)monohydrate, [Mn(C7H3NO4)(C10H8N2)(H2O)]n·nH2O, C17H15MnN3O6
Authors: Zhang Chuang , Zhang Ling-Yu , Wang Shu-Long , Huang Qin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract C17H15MnN3O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.136(3) Å, b = 10.809(3) Å, c = 14.111(4) Å, β = 92.059(4)°, V = 1697.4 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0402, wRref(F2) = 0.0564, T = 296 K.
Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia as an associated risk factor for microalbuminuria in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Saito Isao , Yamamoto Shin , Miyake Teruki , Ueda Teruhisa , Niiya Tetsuji , Torisu Masamoto , Kumagi Teru , Sakai Takenori , Minami Hisaka , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Sakurai Susumu , Matsuura Bunzo , Onji Morikazu , Tanigawa Takeshi 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveWe estimated the prevalence of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia, a surrogate marker of obstructive sleep apnoea, among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and examined the association between nocturnal intermittent hypoxia and microvascular diseases.Design and methodsWe recruited 513 Japanese patients (292 men and 221 women) with T2DM. Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was diagnosed using the 3% oxygen desaturation index, with less than five events per hour corresponding to normal and five events or more per hour corresponding to nocturnal intermittent hypoxia.ResultsThe prevalence of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was 45.4% among T2DM patients. The nocturnal intermittent hypoxia group was older and had a higher BMI, greater weight change since the age of 20 years, higher smoking rate and increased prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria (model 1: odds ratio (OR), 3.41; 95% CI, 1.85–6.40; model 2: OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.85–7.59 and model 3: OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.45–6.95) and nephropathy (model 1: OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.58–15.1; model 2: OR, 7.31; 95% CI, 2.11–31.6 and model 3: OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.45–23.8) were derived as factors from all the three statistical models and constantly associated with nocturnal intermittent hypoxia only in women.ConclusionsNocturnal intermittent hypoxia was highly prevalent among T2DM patients and may be an independent associated risk factor for microalbuminuria in Japanese women with T2DM.
Stabilizing Selection, Purifying Selection, and Mutational Bias in Finite Populations
Authors: Charlesworth Brian 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Genomic traits such as codon usage and the lengths of noncoding sequences may be subject to stabilizing selection rather than purifying selection. Mutations affecting these traits are often biased in one direction. To investigate the potential role of stabilizing selection on genomic traits, the effects of mutational bias on the equilibrium value of a trait under stabilizing selection in a finite population were investigated, using two different mutational models. Numerical results were generated using a matrix method for calculating the probability distribution of variant frequencies at sites affecting the trait, as well as by Monte Carlo simulations. Analytical approximations were also derived, which provided useful insights into the numerical results. A novel conclusion is that the scaled intensity of selection acting on individual variants is nearly independent of the effective population size over a wide range of parameter space and is strongly determined by the logarithm of the mutational bias parameter. This is true even when there is a very small departure of the mean from the optimum, as is usually the case. This implies that studies of the frequency spectra of DNA sequence variants may be unable to distinguish between stabilizing and purifying selection. A similar investigation of purifying selection against deleterious mutations was also carried out. Contrary to previous suggestions, the scaled intensity of purifying selection with synergistic fitness effects is sensitive to population size, which is inconsistent with the general lack of sensitivity of codon usage to effective population size.
Improving the Accuracy of Directional Wellbore Surveying in the Norwegian Sea
Authors: Edvardsen I.. , Hansen T. L. , Gjertsen M.. , Wilson H.. 
Published: May 2013

Summary
Time-dependent current fluctuations in the Earth's ionosphere cause inaccuracies in wellbore directional surveying. These inaccuracies increase at higher latitudes, and although monitoring and correction are possible, they become less valid as the distance between the monitoring site and the rigsite increases, which is a particular problem for offshore drillsites. The characteristics of the ionosphere currents indicate that the most favorable location for monitoring stations is on the same geomagnetic latitude as the drillsite. Such an arrangement has been used to monitor and correct directional surveys at the Haltenbanken area of the Norwegian Sea over a period of approximately 2 years. Haltenbanken is approximately 200 km west of the Norwegian coast at latitude 65°N, where magnetic-storm activity can have a significant effect on directional surveying. A monitoring station was set up on the coast at the same geomagnetic latitude as Haltenbanken. To test the idea that magnetic disturbances are similar along constant magnetic latitude, an additional monitoring station was established 200 km east of the main station. The data broadly confirmed the hypothesis, although isolated events were observed when this was not the case. The challenges of surveying at offshore sites north of 62°N latitude are probably greater than the oil and gas industry is accustomed to—but such challenges will become more significant if the Arctic Ocean is opened to drilling operations. The technique described in this paper may contribute to safer and more-productive offshore operations at high latitudes.
Coupled Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Energy Production From Geopressured/Geothermal Aquifers
Authors: Ganjdanesh Reza , Bryant Steven L. , Orbach Raymond L. , Pope Gary A. , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: May 2013

Summary
The current approach to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) from pulverized-coal-fired power plants is not economically viable without either large subsidies or a very high price on carbon. Current schemes require roughly one-third of a power-plant's energy for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and pressurization. The production of energy from geopressured aquifers has evolved as a separate, independent technology from the sequestration of CO2 in deep, saline aquifers. A game-changing new idea is described here that combines the two technologies and adds another—the dissolution of CO2 into extracted brine that is then reinjected. A systematic investigation covering a range of conditions was performed to explore the best strategy for the coupled process of CO2 sequestration and energy production. Geological models of geopressured/geothermal aquifers were developed with available data from studies of Gulf Coast aquifers. These geological models were used to perform compositional reservoir simulations of realistic processes with coupled aquifer and wellbore models.
Editorial - Evaluating Impact of High-Cost Cancer Drugs at Regional Level: The Case of Veneto (Italy)
Authors: Gregori Dario , Chiffi Daniele 
Published: May 2013

In Italy, the National Health System (NHS) costs are
controlled by the regional governments (which are
financially accountable for health care expenditure, including
hospital drug budgets), but agreements regarding price and
discounts are decided in AIFA (Italian Medicine Agency).
For this reason, some regional governments ask the
pharmaceutical companies to produce a "Health Technology
Assessment" before deciding to introduce a drug in the
regional hospital list of accepted drugs. Thus, in terms of
public policy maker and its decision process, the choice of
well-specified points of view is an essential ingredient in the
critical assessment of economic evaluation, which becomes
more effective when information is presented in the general
terms of a cost of illness analysis (COI), or, in a
disaggregated way by means of a list of the costs and the outcomes or consequences of the intervention, namely as a
cost consequence analysis (CCA).
Furthermore, while it has been observed that economic
evaluations are usually performed in different countries at
national level, in local health care decision making there is
lack of health economic data and evaluations, disconnecting
economic evaluations from the types of decision that local
institutions must normally face.
The University of Padova financed a composite and
interdisciplinary group of researchers to develop a proof-of-concept like program aimed at serving the Veneto region as a
template for the evaluation of the impact of (high-cost)
drugs. The program, financed as “Progetti di Ateneo” 2009,
(Code CPDA093183/09, "Modello per la valutazione
dell'impatto economico, sociale e di salute derivante
dall'utilizzo dei nuovi farmaci oncologici nella regione
Veneto") has come now to its end and this report represents
the outcome of a two-year intense research work.
Gratefully, the leading investigators acknowledge the
contribution of the entire EIHCD-VeRo Research Project
Agreement for their help and cooperation at the various
stages of the project development.
Return on Investments in Technical Assistance for TB Capacity Building?
Factors Influencing Kenyan Health Workers' Performance of TB Skills
Authors: Mitchell Ellen M.H. , Colvin Charlotte E. , Klinkenberg Eveline , Heus Marleen , Sitenei Joseph 
Published: May 2013

The dearth of trained personnel to implement TB/HIV services led to substantial investment in human
resources and technical assistance in Kenya. Between 1999 and 2006 the staff of the TB program almost doubled.
Increases in quantity of TB services occurred, but the impact on quality was unclear.
Analysis of nationally representative data from the 2004 Kenya Service Provisions Assessment (KSPA) of 1,332 TB
and/or HIV service providers within 440 public and private health facilities was conducted to compare performance of TB
duties between those with and without TB and/or HIV training.
Although the TB-HIV workforce was disproportionately female (56.9%), participation in training was less common
among women of all cadres (OR 0.41 95%CI .22-.78). After controlling for structural and organizational factors, training
in TB diagnosis was strongly associated with performance of smear microscopy (aOR 3.4 95%CI 1.6-7.3). Mid-level
health workers were less likely than doctors to rely on smear microscopy for diagnosis (aOR 0.4 95%CI 0.2-0.6). Training
was associated with direct observation of treatment (D.O.T) (aOR 3.3 CI 1.3-8.9). Other factors positively associated with
performance of D.O.T included receipt of supportive supervision (aOR 3.2 CI 2.0-5.0) and an adequate TB drug supply
(aOR1.2 95%CI 1.1-1.4). Barriers included non-alignment with the national directly observed short course policy program
(DOTS) (aOR.0.2 95%CI 0.1-0.7) and working where high volumes of smear microscopy were performed (aOR 0.7
95%CI 0.5-1.0).
Investments in capacity building including technical assistance during the 2000-2003 period were associated with
performance of smear microscopy and directly observed therapy in 2004. However health system factors also influence
performance.
Skin Scrape Test: An Inexpensive and Painless Skin Test For Recognition Of Immediate Hypersensitivity In Children And Adults
Authors: Olivier Celso Eduardo , Argentão Daiana Guedes Pinto , Acácia Pereira Goncalves dos Santos Raquel , Dias da Silva Mariana , Patussi Santos Lima Regiane , de Lima Zollner Ricardo 
Published: May 2013

Background:
Skin testing is a mainstay in allergology, and its importance is increasing in several fields. The
ability to choose the most suitable technique according to the clinical setting is an advantage for the medical team.

Objectives:
To describe in detail an alternative technique of the coetaneous allergy test (skin scrape test) conceived as a
variation of the former skin scratch test; to evaluate its value as a tool for diagnosis of immune sensitization; and to compare
its accuracy with the skin prick test.

Methods:
The skin scrape test and skin prick test were performed side by side with the same allergen extracts in 162 human
subjects classified in two groups according to the known presence or absence of serum specific-IgE to these allergens.

Results:
The sensitivity of the skin scrape test to detect immediate reactions was 85.0%. The sensitivity of the skin prick
test was 86.5%. The sensitivity of both techniques analyzed together as a unique procedure was 94.2%. The specificity of
the skin scrape test was 90.1%.The specificity of the skin prick test was 72.9%.The specificity of both tests analyzed together
as a unique procedure was 70.5%.

Conclusions:
The skin scrape test is an alternative and complementary technique for allergic skin testing, and it is able to
detect IgE-specific immune sensitization without the disadvantages of the skin scratch test. The skin scrape test has similar
outcomes to the skin prick test.
GFR Estimating Equations
Authors: Rule Andrew D. , Glassock Richard J. 
Published: May 2013

Summary
The application of serum creatinine and cystatin C in patients with CKD has been limited to using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Criteria for choosing the best GFR estimating equation are 1) accuracy in estimating measured GFR, 2) optimal discrimination of clinical outcomes, and 3) association with CKD risk factors and outcomes similar to that of measured GFR. Notably, these criteria are often not in agreement; and while the last criterion is the most important, it has been widely overlooked. The primary problem with eGFR is that the non-GFR determinants of serum creatinine and cystatin C, as well as their surrogates (age, sex, and race), associate with CKD risk factors and outcomes. This leads to a distorted understanding of CKD, though eGFR based on serum creatinine appears to be less biased than eGFR based on cystatin C. Because of this problem, the use of eGFR should be limited to settings where knowing actual GFR is relevant and eGFR is more informative about GFR than serum creatinine or cystatin C alone. Such settings include staging CKD severity by GFR and dosing medications cleared by glomerular filtration. Alternatively, the diagnosis of CKD, the longitudinal progression of CKD, and prognostic models for CKD are settings where serum creatinine and cystatin C can be better applied and interpreted without eGFR.
Extracorporeal Therapy for Dabigatran Removal in the Treatment of Acute Bleeding
Authors: Singh Tripti , Maw Thin Thin , Henry Brian L. , Pastor-Soler Núria M. , Unruh Mark L. , Hallows Kenneth R. , Nolin Thomas D. 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Dabigatran is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor that is Food and Drug Administration-approved for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. No antidote is available for reversal of dabigatran’s anticoagulant effect. Despite limited clinical data, hemodialysis has been suggested as a strategy to remove dabigatran during acute bleeding. This work presents five cases, in which extracorporeal therapy was performed for dabigatran removal in acutely bleeding patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The series is comprised of five consecutive cases of patients receiving dabigatran 150 mg per os two times daily who were admitted with life-threatening bleeding between March of 2012 and January of 2013. Dabigatran plasma concentrations ranged from 149 to 1200 ng/ml. Treatment included administration of blood products to all patients and then, high-flux intermittent hemodialysis alone or followed by continuous renal replacement therapy.

Results
Dabigatran concentrations decreased by 52%–77% during intermittent hemodialysis but rebounded up to 87% within 2 hours after completion of dialysis. Initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy after intermittent hemodialysis attenuated the rebound effect in one patient and contributed to a reduction in dabigatran concentrations of 81% over 30 hours.

Conclusions
Extracorporeal therapy lowered dabigatran concentrations, suggesting that it removed the drug and may effectively accelerate total clearance, especially in patients with impaired kidney function. The use of prolonged intermittent hemodialysis or intermittent hemodialysis followed by continuous renal replacement therapy is recommended for the management of life-threatening bleeding in patients receiving dabigatran. The advantage of extracorporeal therapy should be weighed against the risk of bleeding with catheter insertion.