bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights from very‐large‐ensemble data assimilation experiments with a high‐resolution general circulation model of the Red Sea
Authors: Sanikommu Sivareddy , Raboudi Naila , El Gharamti Mohamad , Zhan Peng , Hadri Bilel , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnsemble Kalman Filters (EnKFs), which assimilate observations based on statistics derived from an ensemble of samples of ocean states, have become the norm for ocean data assimilation (DA) and forecasting. These schemes are commonly implemented with inflation and localization techniques to increase their ensemble spread and to filter out spurious long‐range correlations resulting from the limited‐size ensembles imposed by computational burden constraints. Such ad‐hoc methods were found to be not necessary in ensemble DA experiments with simplified ocean/atmospheric models and large ensembles. Here, we conduct a series of one‐year‐long ensemble experiments with a fully realistic EnKF‐DA system in the Red Sea using tens ‐to thousands of ensemble members. The system assimilates satellite and in‐situ observations and accounts for model uncertainties by integrating a 4‐km‐resolution ocean model with European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) atmospheric ensemble fields, perturbed internal physics and initial conditions for forecasting. OceanOur results indicate that accounting for model uncertainties is more beneficial than simply increasing the ensemble size, with the improvements due to large ensembles leveling off at about 250 members. Besides, and in contrast to what is commonly observed with simplified models, the investigated ensemble DA system still required localization even when implemented with thousands of members. These findings are explained by: (i) amplified spurious long‐range correlations produced by the low‐rank nature of the ECMWF atmospheric forcing ensemble; and (ii) non‐Gaussianity generated by the perturbed internal physical parameterization schemes. Large‐ensemble forcing fields and non‐Gaussian DA methods might be needed to get full benefits from large ensembles in ocean DA.
Global perspectives on club convergence: Unraveling the nexus of human and sustainable development in the face of corruption
Authors: Halkos G. , Bampatsou C. , Aslanidis P.‐S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman insecurity is omnipresent due to the negative effects of globalization and multi‐crisis. A global analysis based on club convergence was conducted for 162 countries and covers the period 2007–2021. The studied indicators are (i) sustainable development goals index (SDGI), (ii) human development index (HDI), and (iii) corruption perception index (CPI). The method used, which is based on the log t‐regression test, identifies both groups of countries that converge to different steady states and individual countries that diverge. The observation of the degree of interdependence of the three indicators shows that most clubs that countries, especially European countries, are making progress toward achieving the SDGs. However, in the case of Clubs 4 and 5 of the SDGI index, which are predominantly African countries that have the lowest average scores, the correlation between the HDI and the CPI index is negative. In this case, governments should focus their attention on measures to disseminate knowledge, develop skills, and transfer know‐how between Europe and Africa through strategic corridors. It is therefore necessary to implement targeted and integrated sustainable approaches to human security in the light of sustainable development and the fight against corruption.
Trends in Disease Severity and Quality of Life Outcome Measures in Pemphigus Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pathak Gaurav N. , Patel Kush , Wachuku Christopher , Truong Thu Minh , Agarwal Priya , Rao Babar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pemphigus represents a spectrum of autoimmune-mediated blistering diseases associated with high morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life (QoL). Despite an increase in pemphigus clinical trials, the varied instrument measurements of disease severity and QoL outcomes make comparisons between studies challenging. This study aimed to evaluate trends in the use of disease severity and QoL outcome measurements in pemphigus clinical trials. A review of pemphigus clinical trials was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Reviews and ClinicalTrials.gov databases up until September 2023. Only pemphigus randomized clinical trials that assessed at least one disease severity and/or QoL outcome were included. Overall, 53 clinical trials were eligible for this review. All clinical trials evaluated a disease severity outcome, with the Pemphigus Disease Area Index being the most used validated questionnaire (28.3% of trials) and more popular after 2015 (47.8% of trials since). The autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score (7.6%) and visual analogue measurements (7.6%) have fallen out of favour. Most studies now include lab parameters (56.5% of trials after 2015), with anti-desmoglein 1 and 3 antibody levels (30.2%), immunoglobulins (IgG and/or IgM and IgA) (11.3%), and anti-drug antibody levels (7.6%) being frequently evaluated. A small portion of trials evaluated QoL (26.5% of studies), with the autoimmune bullous quality of life being the most common (15.1%), however QoL utilization as an outcome measure has been increasing since 2015 (61.1% of trials since). Standardising the use of validated outcome measurements allows for better data interpretation, comparability and clinical application of results.
Biomass‐Derived Materials for Advanced Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Wang Tao , Shi Zezhong , Zhong Yiren , Ma Yuan , He Jiarui , Zhu Zhi , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Lu Bingan , Wu Yuping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiomass‐derived materials generally exhibit uniform and highly‐stable hierarchical porous structures that can hardly be achieved by conventional chemical synthesis and artificial design. When used as electrodes for rechargeable batteries, these structural and compositional advantages often endow the batteries with superior electrochemical performances. This review systematically introduces the innate merits of biomass‐derived materials and their applications as the electrode for advanced rechargeable batteries, including lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries, and metal–sulfur batteries. In addition, biomass‐derived materials as catalyst supports for metal‐air batteries, fuel cells, and redox‐flow batteries are also included. The major challenges for specific batteries and the strategies for utilizing biomass‐derived materials are detailly introduced. Finally, the future development of biomass‐derived materials for advanced rechargeable batteries is prospected. This review aims to promote the development of biomass‐derived materials in the field of energy storage and provides effective suggestions for building advanced rechargeable batteries.
Microfluidic‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Molecular Hydrogelator at Water–Water Interfaces for Continuous Fabrication of Supramolecular Microcapsules
Authors: Li Zhongqi , Wang Hucheng , Gao Yuliang , Chen Jingjing , Gu Guanyao , Liu Jing , Chen Yuqian , Guo Xuhong , Wang Yiming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractControl over the self‐assembly of small molecules at specific areas is of great interest for many high‐tech applications, yet remains a formidable challenge. Here, how the self‐assembly of hydrazone‐based molecular hydrogelators can be specifically triggered at water–water interfaces for the continuous fabrication of supramolecular microcapsules by virtue of the microfluidic technique is demonstrated. The non‐assembling hydrazide‐ and aldehyde‐based hydrogelator precursors are distributed in two immiscible aqueous polymer solutions, respectively, through spontaneous phase separation. In the presence of catalysts, hydrazone‐based hydrogelators rapidly form and self‐assemble into hydrogel networks at the generated water–water interfaces. Relying on the microfluidic technique, microcapsules bearing a shell of supramolecular hydrogel are continuously produced. The obtained microcapsules can effectively load enzymes, enabling localized enzymatic growth of supramolecular fibrous supramolecular structures, reminiscent of the self‐assembly of biological filaments within living cells. This work may contribute to the development of biomimetic supramolecular carriers for applications in biomedicine and fundamental research, for instance, the construction of protocells.
Carbon Dots with Integrated Photothermal Antibacterial and Heat‐Enhanced Antioxidant Properties for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Henggang , Sun Shan , Zhao Ye , Wang Peng , Zhou Yonghua , Sun Haoyi , Yang Jin , Cheng Ke , Li Si , Lin Hengwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiabetic wounds pose a persistent challenge due to their slow healing nature, primarily caused by bacterial infection and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced inflammation. In this study, carbon dots with synergistic antibacterial and antioxidant properties, referred to as AA‐CDs, are developed specifically for diabetic wound healing using a straightforward solvothermal method. By utilizing cost‐effective precursors like citric acid and ascorbic acid, AA‐CDs are engineered to possess tailored functions of photothermal sterilization and ROS scavenging. The resulting AA‐CDs demonstrats broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity, particularly against multidrug‐resistant strains, along with efficient ROS scavenging both in solution and within cells. Additionally, AA‐CDs exhibits a protective effect against oxidative stress‐induced damage. Notably, with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (41.18%), AA‐CDs displays heat‐enhanced antioxidant performance, providing not only augmented ROS scavenging but also additional protection against oxidative stress, yielding a true “1 + 1 > 2” effect. To facilitate their use in vivo, AA‐CDs are incorporated into a thermally responsive hydrogel, which exhibits evident anti‐inflammatory properties by modulating inflammatory factors and significantly promots the healing of diabetic wounds. This study underscores the value of integrated platforms for diabetic wound healing and highlights the potential of versatile CDs as promising therapeutic agents in biomedical applications.
Self‐Oxygenated Hydrogel Enhances Immune Cell Response and Infiltration Via Triggering Dual DNA Damage to Activate cGAS‐STING and Inhibiting CAFs
Authors: Tian Huiting , Zhu Nan , Wang Haiting , Li Yanpo , Yang Qiuping , Chen Haolin , Zhou Zhongming , Tan Jianhui , Zheng Huihui , Xie Jiayi , Li Wei , Liang Min , Guo Zhaoze , Li Zhiyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer promise in breaking through the treatment and survival dilemma of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet only immunomodulatory subtype and ≈5% TNBC patients respond as monotherapy due to lack of effector immune cells (internal problem) and physical barrier (external limitation) formed by cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). A hydrogel drug‐delivery platform, ALG@TBP‐2/Pt(0)/nintedanib (ALG@TPN), is designed to induce strong immune functions and the dual elimination of the internal and external tumor microenvironment (TME). Activated by white light, through type I and II photodynamic therapy (PDT), TBP‐2 generates large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellularly, oxidizing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The unique catalase activity of Pt(0) converts endogenous H2O2 to O2, reducing the anoxia‐limiting PDT and enhancing ROS generation efficacy. Abundant ROS can oxidize Pt(0) to cytotoxic Pt(II), damaging the nuclear DNA (nDNA). Dual damage to mtDNA and nDNA might bi‐directionally activate the cGAS/STING pathway and enhance the immune cell response. Besides, nintedanib demonstrates a significant inhibitory effect on CAFs, weakening the immune barrier and deepening immune cell infiltration. Overall, the study provides a self‐oxygenating hydrogel with the “PDT/chemotherapy/anti‐CAFs” effect, triggering the cGAS/STING pathway to reshape the TME. Both internal and external interventions increase anti‐TNBC immune responses.
Fabrication and Efficient Interfacial Assembly of Bright Red‐Emitting Carbon Quantum Dots for Security‐Warning Textiles
Authors: Yuan Yun , Wu Leilei , Yan Biaobiao , Yu Yuanyuan , Wang Qiang , Wang Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted more attentions due to their multiple performances. However, the fabrication of long‐wavelength emitting CQDs with aliphatic precursors still remains a challenge, mainly because it is difficult to generate large sp2 domains to reduce energy gap, which is not conducive to a redshift of the luminescence peak. Hereon, by regulating the pH of citric acid and thiourea mixture, a N, S co‐doped CQD emitting bright red fluorescence at 635 nm is successfully fabricated through the solvothermal reaction under acidic condition, achieving a high quantum yield of 32.66%. Solvatochromic effects of the CQDs are discussed through theoretical equations and models, which confirm that the hydrogen‐bonding interaction dominates the fluorescence emission behavior of CQDs in polar solvents. Besides, a feasible strategy is proposed to prepare an anti‐counterfeiting textile via the deposition of red‐emitting CQDs onto cotton fibers, through rapidly evaporating the preferred organic solvent. As expected, the CQD‐decorated textiles exhibit encouraging anti‐counterfeiting and security‐warning functions, along with underwater and long‐distance detectability, washability, and sun resistance. It is worth noting that the present work is innovative in realizing the application of red‐light‐emitting CQDs in the fields of security‐warning textiles.
Developing functional hydrogels for treatment of oral diseases
Authors: Song Chuanhui , Liu Rui , Fang Yile , Gu Hongcheng , Wang Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOral disease is a severe healthcare challenge that diminishes people's quality of life. Functional hydrogels with suitable biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties have attracted remarkable interest and have been developed for treating oral diseases. In this review, we present up‐to‐date research on hydrogels for the management of dental caries, endodontics, periapical periodontitis, and periodontitis, depending on the progression of dental diseases. The strategies of hydrogels for treating oral mucosal diseases and salivary gland diseases are then classified. After that, we focus on the application of hydrogels related to tumor therapy and tissue defects. Finally, the review prospects the restrictions and the perspectives on the utilization of hydrogels in oral disease treatment. We believe this review will promote the advancement of more amicable, functional and personalized approaches for oral diseases.
Diets containing phytobiotics, l‐arginine, vitamin E and captopril modulate ascites syndrome‐related genes expression in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature
Authors: Shirzadi Hassan , Shariatmadari Farid , Karimi‐Torshizi Mohammad Amir , Masoudi Ali Akbar , Rahimi Shaban , Saba Fakhredin , Zaboli Gholamreza , Hedayat‐Evrigh Nemat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur hypothesis centred on the potential to mitigate ascites outbreaks in birds exposed to cold stress by inhibiting pulmonary artery contraction through dietary intervention.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural and synthetic medications on growth performance, ascites‐related parameters and the expression of ascites‐related genes in the lung tissue of broiler chickens under low ambient temperature.MethodsWe randomly assigned 450 one‐day‐old male Ross 308 chicks to six dietary treatments across five replicate pens, each containing 15 chicks. The treatments included a basal diet (control), and the basal diet was supplemented with hydroalcoholic extracts of sumac (HES, 200 mg/kg), Syrian mesquite (HEM, 200 mg/kg), l‐arginine (40% above requirement), captopril (15 mg/kg) and vitamin E (100 mg/kg).ResultsDiets containing HEM, l‐arginine and vitamin E resulted in increased average daily gain on days 8–14 and 0–28, whereas HES showed a similar effect only during days 8–14 compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). Additionally, feed additives decreased packed cell volume, left and right ventricle volumes and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Moreover, chickens fed the control and l‐arginine diets exhibited higher levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA in lung tissue compared to those fed HES, HEM and captopril (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, supplementation with HEM and l‐arginine increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in lung tissue compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). Regarding Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD) expression, feed additives increased mRNA level in lung tissue, except for captopril (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the plant extracts may reduce the incidence of ascites syndrome not only through their antioxidant properties but also by modulating the expression of ACE, iNOS and Cu/Zn‐SOD genes.
Characterization the microbial diversity and functional genes in the multi‐component contaminated groundwater in a petrochemical site
Authors: Ti Jinjin , Ning Zhuo , Zhang Min , Wang Shuaiwei , Gan Shuang , Xu Zhe , Di He , Kong Siyu , Sun Weichao , He Ze 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroorganisms in groundwater at petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)‐contaminated sites are crucial for PHC natural attenuation. Studies mainly focused on the microbial communities and functions in groundwater contaminated by PHC only. However, due to diverse raw and auxiliary materials and the complex production processes, in some petrochemical sites, groundwater suffered multi‐component contamination, but the microbial structure remains unclear. To solve the problem, in the study, a petrochemical enterprise site, where the groundwater suffered multi‐component pollution by PHC and sulfates, was selected. Using hydrochemistry, 16S rRNA gene, and metagenomic sequencing analyses, the relationships among electron acceptors, microbial diversity, functional genes, and their interactions were investigated. Results showed that different production processes led to different microbial structures. Overall, pollution reduced species richness but increased the abundance of specific species. The multi‐component contamination multiplied a considerable number of hydrocarbon‐degrading and sulfate‐reducing microorganisms, and the introduced sulfates might have promoted the biodegradation of PHC.Practitioner Points

The compound pollution of the site changed the microbial community structure.
Sulfate can promote the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by hydrocarbon‐degrading microorganisms.
The combined contamination of petroleum hydrocarbons and sulfates will decrease the species richness but increase the abundance of endemic species.
Size‐dependent thermoelastic damping analysis in functionally graded graphene nanoplatelets reinforced composite microplate resonators based on Moore–Gibson–Thompson thermoelasticity
Authors: Peng Wei , Zenkour Ashraf M. , Gao Yaru , Zhang Xu , He Tianhu , Li Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGraphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are considered to be a desirable reinforcing nanofillers for nanocomposite materials owing to their superior thermo‐mechanical properties. Meanwhile, thermoelastic damping (TED), as a dominant intrinsic dissipation mechanisms, is a major challenge in optimizing high‐performance micro/nano‐resonators. Nevertheless, the classical TED models fail at the micro/nano‐scale due to without considering the influences of the size‐dependent effect and the thermal lagging effect. The present work focuses on investigating TED analysis of functionally graded (FG) microplate resonators reinforced with GPLs based on the modified coupled stress theory (MCST) and the Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) heat conduction model. Four patterns of GPLs distribution including the UD, FG‐O, FG‐X and FG‐A pattern distributions are taken into account and the effective mechanical properties of the plate‐type nanocomposite are evaluated based on the Halpin–Tsai model. The energy equation and the transverse motion equation in the Kirchhoff microplate model are formulated, and then, the closed‐from analytical solution of TED is solved by complex frequency method. The influences of the various parameters involving the material length‐scale parameter, the thermal phase lag of the heat flux and the total weight fraction of GPLs on the TED are discussed in detail. The obtained results show that the effects of the modified parameter on the TED are pronounced. This results provide a more reasonable theoretical approach to estimate TED in the design of FG microplate resonators reinforced with GPLs with high performance.
Compositional Value Iteration with Pareto Caching
Authors: Watanabe Kazuki , Vegt Marck van der , Junges Sebastian , Hasuo Ichiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe de-facto standard approach in MDP verification is based on value iteration (VI). We proposecompositional VI, a framework for model checking compositional MDPs, that addresses efficiency while maintaining soundness. Concretely, compositional MDPs naturally arise from the combination of individual components, and their structure can be expressed using, e.g., string diagrams. Towards efficiency, we observe that compositional VI repeatedly verifies individual components. We propose a technique calledPareto cachingthat allows to reuse verification results, even for previously unseen queries. Towards soundness, we present two stopping criteria: one generalizes the optimistic value iteration paradigm and the other uses Pareto caches in conjunction with recent baseline algorithms. Our experimental evaluations shows the promise of the novel algorithm and its variations, and identifies challenges for future work.
Regional analysis of technological alternatives for boron reduction in desalinated seawater for irrigation in south-eastern Spain
Authors: Maestre-Valero José Francisco , Imbernón-Mulero Alberto , Martínez-Alvarez Victoriano , Ben Abdallah Saker , Gallego-Elvira Belén 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDesalinated seawater (DSW) is currently considered a reliable alternative supply of agricultural water in south-eastern Spain able to alleviate the looming water crisis as it buffers natural hydro-climatic volatility. However, irrigation with DSW may pose an agronomic risk because reverse osmosis permeates usually have high boron concentrations, representing a real toxicity damage risk for sensitive crops. Boron reductions to at least 0.5 mg/L, either on-farm or at the coastal seawater desalination plant, should be performed before irrigating with DSW, especially in areas with sensitive crops. The regional economic impact of reducing boron in diverse irrigation districts covered with different crops has never been evaluated. In this article, that impact is analyzed considering three scenarios replacing traditional irrigation water resources with DSW, and two boron reduction technologies: reverse osmosis membranes (RO) and ion exchange resins (IX).The results reflected that: (i) boron reduction by IX is notably cheaper than by RO; (ii) at seawater desalination plant scale, the boron reduction cost remains constant regardless of the crop type, whereas at on-farm scale the higher the surface area covered by vegetables the lower the boron reduction cost; and (iii) the volume of by-product generated in resin regeneration is 40 times lower than that in the RO process, so consequently its handling and management would be far easier and less costly. Additionally, the study corroborates that the combined use of DSW with traditional resources is the most economically efficient option from the different perspectives of the study, compared to irrigating with DSW alone.