bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women, Place and Practice in Vanuatu: a View from Ambae
Authors: Bolton Lissant 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the relationship between people and place in Vanuatu, focusing on the relationship between women and place. The paper draws on ethnographic data from the island of Ambae, arguing that practice mediates the relationship between people and place, and, in the new context of the nation, has become a way of demonstrating a person's affiliation to place. In contemporary Vanuatu, kastom mediates and expresses place‐based identity. Landholding and land‐use are aspects of the practice of a place. The fact that a person's identity is tied to their place raises issues for the identity and status of women, who move at marriage to their husband's place. It remains the case, however that at marriage a woman becomes identified as a person of her husband's place, no matter whether she lives there or not. Ni‐Vanuatu women see their capacity to move and resettle in this way as a strength, a capacity of which they can be proud, and for which men respect them. The growth of urban centres since Independence is bringing new presssures to bear on the relationship between people, practice and place.
Dynamic and Flexible Aspects of Land and Marine Tenure at West Nggela: Implications for Marine Resource Management
Authors: Foale Simon , Macintyre Martha 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAt West Nggela, access to high value marine invertebrate stocks is controlled by consanguineal corporate groups holding primary rights (which include rights of exclusion) over reefs bearing these stocks. Disputes over primary rights appear to result in a breakdown in management practices, resulting in overfishing and severe depletion of stocks. An understanding of the common causes of disputes is therefore of considerable importance to marine resource management, and development, in this region.This paper outlines first the essential, or ‘ideal’, processes of descent reckoning and property transfer that underpin the Customary Marine Tenure (CMT) system at West Nggela as they are presented to ‘outsiders’ such as government officials and anthropologists. It then deals with some of the many exceptions to this norm, and the ways these variations can contribute to disputes over primary rights to property. The pressures of economic development, and the resultant commodification of resources and property, in our view catalyse the conflict between the ideal, simplified model and the complexity of actual praxis in respect to property rights. Recent dramatic increases in the perceived value of many properties as a result of proposed lucrative developments may underlie present day conflicts which in the past would not have arisen. Examples are drawn from interview data as well as case studies of two formal property disputes which were heard in local courts at West Nggela in 1995.
Reviews
Authors: Naepels Michel 
Published: February 2015

Maurice Leenhardt. Le lien d'un homme avec un peuple qui ne voulait pas mourir. By Jean Guiart. Noumea: Le Rocher‐a‐la‐Voile. 1997. Pp. 156.Jules Calimbre. Chronique de trois generations, trois femmes et trois maisons. By Jean Guiart Noumea: Le Rocher‐a‐la‐Voile. 1998. Pp. 162.
Oenpelli Kunwinjku Kinship Terminologies and Marriage Practices
Authors: Harvey Mark 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the kinship terminologies and marriage practices of Oenpelli Kunwinjku (Gunwinggu) owners/speakers. These terminologies and marriage practices have been presented as symmetrical, the standard pattern in Australia. This paper shows that first preference marriages are asymmetrical, which is rare in Australia. It further demonstrates that first preference marriages do not produce a transitive terminology, which is even rarer in Australia. Though these patterns are unusual, this paper shows that the Oenpelli Kunwinjku marriage practices accord in a number of important aspects with the marriage practices of owners/speakers of other languages with asymmetrical terminologies, such as the Yolngu (Murngin) terminologies. These common aspects to marriage practices and terminologies are to be understood in light of a more general analysis of the correlations between kinship terminologies, marriage practices, and the construction of ranges and regional identities in Australia. There is significant variation in Australia as to whether people express a predilection for narrow or wide ranges. This paper shows that there are non‐random correlations between predilections for particular types of range, marriage preferences, and types of terminologies. It also shows that terminologies and marriage preferences have a role in the construction of regional identities.
Church Women's Groups and the Empowerment of Women in Solomon Islands
Authors: Scheyvens Regina 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThroughout the Pacific, church women's groups play an important social and spiritual role in the lives of many indigenous women. However, these groups rarely attract the interest of development practitioners or theorists concerned with the empowerment of women, largely because of their outwardly conservative stance. Preoccupied with sewing classes, pastoral care, and social work, church women's groups appear to epitomize a welfare approach to women's development. Yet, while welfare concerns remain central to the activities of many such groups, by drawing on case studies from Solomon Islands in the period leading up to the onset of political crisis in 1999, this article demonstrates that a welfare approach does not preclude women's groups from engaging in strategic activities for the empowerment of women. Such activities include support for logging protests, workshops to affirm the importance of women's roles and develop their confidence, and opportunities for them to travel and expand their knowledge basis. Furthermore, the process of coming together to engage in welfare activities which many women enjoy greatly can provide opportunities for confidence‐building, income generation, and networking.
Another Kind of Gold: an Introduction to Marijuana in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Halvaksz Jamon , Lipset David 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWidespread as marijuana has become in Papua New Guinea (PNG), little ethnographic investigation has been done on problems raised by its cultivation, consumption and traffic there. In this essay, we survey the legal contexts of its production and circulation both in PNG and throughout the Pacific. We assess how the drug has been depicted in the regional literature. While our primary focus is on PNG, our point in offering these broader perspectives is to begin to outline political and comparative issues suggested by the arrival of this substance on Pacific shores. Our overall goal is to encourage rigorous and comprehensive discussion of the ambiguous relationship among society, the state and global capitalism that the drug constitutes, in addition to the many other, rather smaller‐scale problems raised in each of our four essays about the ongoing construction of and debate about its meaning at the local‐level.
In vitro comparative survey of cell adhesion and proliferation of human induced pluripotent stem cells on surfaces of polymeric electrospun nanofibrous and solution‐cast film scaffolds
Authors: Hoveizi Elham , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Tavakol Shima , Nabiuni Mohammad 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) components play a critical role in regulating cell behaviors. Interactions between ECM components and cells are important in various biological processes, including cell attachment, survival, morphogenesis, spreading, proliferation, and gene expression. In this study the in vitro responses of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) on polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibrous scaffold were reported in comparison with those of the cells on corresponding solution‐cast film scaffold. Our results demonstrated that the nanofibrous scaffold showed better support for the attachment and proliferation of hiPSCs than their corresponding film scaffold. Consequently, we emphasize that hiPSCs can sense the physical properties and chemical composition of the materials and regulate their behaviors accordingly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2952–2958, 2015.
IL‐1ß and IL‐8 are scavenged by the hexadecylamide derivative of hyaluronic acid: A new mechanism
Authors: Oliviero Francesca , Scanu Anna , Ramonda Roberta , Frallonardo Paola , Sfriso Paolo , Dayer Jean‐Michel , Punzi Leonardo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate, using an in vitro model, the mechanisms involved in the effects linked to a novel hexadecylamide derivative of hyaluronic acid (HA), HYADD®4 (HS), on some inflammatory aspects related to the osteoarthritis process. The human leukemic monocytic cell line THP‐1 was stimulated with calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals or lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and cultured in the presence of HS or two unmodified HAs (500–730 kDa and >1500 kDa, respectively). The effects of the three HA derivatives were compared by examining the inhibition of IL‐1ß and IL‐8 release, the phagocytic capacity of THP‐1, and HA's physical interference with the cytokines and their biological activity. Adding HS simultaneously with the stimuli led to a marked (nearly 100%) decrease in cytokine release and biological activity with respect to the two unmodified HAs. The effect was not altered when a CD44 function‐blocking monoclonal antibody was used. Incubation of the three derivatives with IL‐1ß and IL‐8 led to a reduced bioavailability of the cytokines in the medium in the presence of HS but not of unmodified HA. This study examines a novel mechanism inhibiting cytokine bioactivity. The HA hexadecylamide derivative was found to suppress, in vitro, the inflammatory response induced by CPP crystals and LPS by reducing the bioavailability of the two cytokines that were analyzed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2823–2829, 2015.
Biofunctionalizing devitalized bone allografts through polymer‐mediated short and long term growth factor delivery
Authors: Sharmin Farzana , Adams Douglas , Pensak Michael , Dukas Alexander , Lieberman Jay , Khan Yusuf 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAccording to 5‐ and 10‐year clinical follow‐up studies large‐scale bone allografts have a high failure rate, largely due to poor allograft incorporation with adjacent bone and subsequent poor remodeling. The goal of this study was to develop a methodology to deliver growth factors from large‐scale bone allografts in a temporally controlled manner. Intact long bone allografts were coated with a micron‐scale thick layer of degradable polymer that maintained inherent pore structures and acted as a delivery vehicle for bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. VEGF was loaded onto the surface of the polymer to produce rapid release, to encourage initial vascularization at the defect site, while BMP‐2 was encapsulated within the polymer layer to promote a more sustained release, to encourage bone formation over time. Release kinetics from factor‐loaded polymer‐coated allografts show an early burst release of VEGF over the first 7 days followed by a more sustained release of BMP‐2 over the second and third week.In vitrocell studies using human mesenchymal stem cells confirm the bioactivity of the released BMP‐2.In‐vivoresults show robust bone formation over the first 8 weeks of healing in femoral segmental defects in rats implanted with BMP‐2 loaded polymer‐coated allografts. A microscale thin coating of degradable polymer on a large‐scale bone allograft provides temporal control over the delivery of growth factor loaded onto one allograft, while maintaining its microscale pore structure. Enhancing the incorporation and subsequent remodeling of allografts would reduce the incidence of allograft failure over time, and potentially speed healing at the earliest stages after implantation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2847–2854, 2015.
Determination of Meta‐Parameters for Support Vector Machine Linear Combinations
Authors: Jasial Swarit , Balfer Jenny , Vogt Martin , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSupport vector machines (SVMs) are among the most popular machine learning methods for compound classification and other chemoinformatics tasks such as, for example, the prediction of ligand‐target pairs or compound activity profiles. Depending on the specific applications, different SVM strategies can be used. For example, in the context of potency‐directed virtual screening, linear combinations of multiple SVM models have been shown to enrich database selection sets with potent compounds compared to individual models. An open question concerning the use of SVM linear combinations (SVM‐LCs) is how to best weight the models on a relative scale. Typically, linear weights are subjectively set. Herein, preferred weighting factors for SVM‐LC were systematically determined. Therefore, weights were treated as meta‐parameters and optimized by machine learning to enrich data set rankings with highly active compounds. The meta‐parameter approach has been applied to 10 screening data sets and found to further improve SVM performance over other SVM‐LCs and support vector regression (SVR) models. The results show that optimal weights depend on data set characteristics and chosen molecular representations. In addition, individual models often do not contribute to the performance of SVM‐LCs. Taken together, these findings emphasize the need for systematic meta‐parameter estimation.
Hypnotics and mortality—partial confounding by disease, substance abuse and socioeconomic factors?
Authors: Kriegbaum Margit , Hendriksen Carsten , Vass Mikkel , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Osler Merete 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this Cohort study of 10 527 Danish men was to investigate the extent to which the association between hypnotics and mortality is confounded by several markers of disease and living conditions.MethodsExposure was purchases of hypnotics 1995–1999 (“low users” (150 or less defined daily dose (DDD)) or “high users” (151 or more DDD)). Follow‐up for all‐cause mortality was from 1 Jan 2000 to 19 June 2010. Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the association. Covariates were entered one at a time and simultaneously. Results were reported using hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsWhen covariates were entered one at a time, the changes in HR estimates showed that psychiatric disease, socioeconomic position and substance abuse reduced the excess risk by 17–36% in the low user group and by 45–52% in the high user group. Somatic disease, intelligence score and cohabitation reduced the excess risk by 2–11% in the low user group and 8–24% in the high user group. When adjusting for all covariates, the HR was reduced to 1.22 95% CI (0.97–1.54) in the low user group and 1.43 95% CI (1.11–1.85) in the high user group.ConclusionsThe results of this study point at psychiatric disease, substance abuse and socioeconomic position as potential confounding factors partly explaining the association between use of hypnotics and all‐cause mortality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple saturated control framework for spacecraft with bounded disturbances
Authors: Jinchang Hu , Honghua Zhang 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA simple control framework is proposed for the saturated attitude control of spacecraft subject to bounded disturbances. The framework is composed of three parts, that is, the quaternion part, the saturated angular velocity part, and the bounded anti‐disturbance part. The anti‐disturbance part can be different depending on the forms of disturbances. Based on a useful lemma, it can be proven that the saturation restriction on the angular velocity part can be removed in finite time, allowing us to analyze the closed‐loop stability by means of the Lyapunov theory. Two different saturated controllers are presented to exemplify the applications of the control framework. Finally, simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust passivity based resilient control for networked control systems with random gain fluctuations
Authors: Mathiyalagan K. , Lee Tae H. , Park Ju H. , Sakthivel R. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe problem of resilient
controller design for a class of networked control system based on passivity theory is presented. By using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theory and linear matrix inequality approach, a set of sufficient conditions for the existence of state feedback controllers is derived. The networked control system under consideration is modeled by taking the network‐induced imperfections like packet dropouts and transmission delays as a single time‐varying delay. The controller is considered with a stochastic fluctuations in its gain matrix by using the Bernoulli distributed white sequence with time‐varying probability measures. The probability‐dependent sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the resulting closed‐loop system to be stochastically stable with a prescribed mixed
and passivity performance criterion. The results are expressed in the form of convex optimization problem subject to the set of LMIs, which can be easily solved by using some standard numerical packages. Finally, a numerical example by using the high‐incidence research model is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment options for lactic acidosis and metabolic crisis in children with mitochondrial disease
Authors: Danhauser Katharina , Smeitink Jan A. M. , Freisinger Peter , Sperl Wolfgang , Sabir Hemmen , Hadzik Berit , Mayatepek Ertan , Morava Eva , Distelmaier Felix 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation route is a tightly regulated process, which is essential for aerobic cellular energy production. Disruption of this pathway may lead to severe neurometabolic disorders with onset in early childhood. A frequent finding in these patients is acute and chronic lactic acidemia, which is caused by increased conversion of pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Under stable clinical conditions, this process may remain well compensated and does not require specific therapy. However, especially in situations with altered energy demands, such as febrile infections or longer periods of fasting, children with mitochondrial disorders have a high risk of metabolic decompensation with exacerbation of hyperlactatemia and severe metabolic acidosis. Unfortunately, no controlled studies regarding therapy of this critical condition are available and clinical outcome is often unfavorable. Therefore, the aim of this review was to formulate expert‐based suggestions for treatment of these patients, including dietary recommendations, buffering strategies and specific drug therapy. However, it is important to keep in mind that a specific therapy for the underlying metabolic cause in children with mitochondrial diseases is usually not available and symptomatic therapy especially of severe lactic acidosis has its ethical limitations.
Lewis Base Additives Improve the Zeolite Ferrierite‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Isostearic Acids
Authors: Ngo Helen L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIsostearic acids (IA) are highly utilized for industrial purposes especially in the area of biolubricants, such as cosmetics and slip additives for polyolefin and related copolymer films. This study was designed to develop a zeolitic catalysis process for efficient IA production through isomerization of fatty acids. The process utilized zeolite protonated Ferrierite with a small amount of base additive to neutralize (i.e., poison) the acidic sites on the external surfaces of the zeolite particles to prevent side reactions. Of the six base additives examined, the proton sponge combined with the zeolite protonated Ferrierite was found to be the most effective for this isomerization. With only 0.5 wt% proton sponge additive to 5.0 wt% Ferrierite, the dimers were successfully suppressed from 20.6 wt% yield to 2.42 wt% with an IA yield of 83.4 wt% and a 98 % conversion.
Overview of current multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging approach in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer
Authors: Aydın Hasan , Kızılgöz Volkan , Tekin Berna Okudan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article is primarily based on the utility and validity of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and staging of prostate gland tumors. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is an emerging, useful approach for evaluating and detecting prostate cancers. It also aids in the management of a tumor and improve the care and follow‐up of patients.
An unusual presentation of small bowel intussusception
Authors: Dankoff Samantha , Puligandla Pramod , Beres Alana , Bhanji Farhan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA previously healthy 2-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with a decreased level of consciousness. A physical examination was unremarkable except for miosis and atypical limb movements. The patient underwent an extensive workup, including the search for metabolic, infectious, neurologic, and toxicologic etiologies. An abdominal ultrasound was performed because the child continued to remain neurologically impaired with no cause identified on other investigations. The ultrasound revealed a persistent uncomplicated ileoileal intussusception. The patient was taken to the operating room for surgical reduction. The child recovered fully postoperatively. This case illustrates the rare presentation of intussusception encephalopathy, which can be a diagnostic dilemma, especially when none of the symptoms of intussusception are present. Endogenous opioid poisoning is hypothesized to be the cause of the miosis and may hint at the diagnosis and aid in early management.
Emission-Line Fluxes of Northern Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Aksaker N. , Yerli S. K. , Kızıloğlu Ü , Atalay B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present long slit spectrophotometric emission line fluxes of bright and extended (< 5 arcsec in diameter) planetary nebulae (PNe), selected from a catalogue with suitable equatorial coordinates for northern hemisphere. In total, 17 planetary nebulae have been chosen and observed in 2008–2010. To measure absolute fluxes, broad slit sizes, ranging from 3.5 to 7.5 arcsec were used and thus equivalent widths (EW) of all observable emission line fluxes were also calculated. Among 17 planetary nebulae observed, line flux measurements of 12 of them were made for the first time. This work also aims to extend the sky coverage of emission line flux standards in northern hemisphere (52 planetary nebulae in southern hemisphere; 6 planetary nebulae in northern hemisphere). Electron temperatures and densities, and chemical abundances of these planetary nebulae were also calculated in this work. These data are expected to lead the photometric or spectrometric further work for absolute emission line flux measurements needed for H ii regions, supernova remnants etc.
A fuss about the octopus
Authors: Otto Inge 
Published: February 2015

The octopus is an animal which has served the BBC well as a topic for news reports, the main ingredient of exotic recipes, and as a worthy subject for usage advice:
The octopuses use the coconuts as a shelter.Octopi live longer than squid, making them tougher and therefore a bit more tricky to prepare.The plural of octopus is not, as recorded in last week's 10 Things, octopi, which would suggest the word was rooted in Latin. In fact the word comes from the Greek, so the correct plural is octopuses or even octopodes.
Besides showing that the BBC at times seems to give self-contradictory advice, the quotations suggest that the word octopus has three possible plurals in English: octopuses, octopi, and octopodes. To descriptivists, using any of the three forms is equally correct – to prescriptivists, at least some of the plurals are better than others.