bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Permeation and Filtration Behavior of Ceramic Membranes under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Felix Alexander , Herdegen Volker , Haseneder Roland , Härtel Georg , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWasser unter erhöhten Temperaturen und Drücken stellt aufgrund seiner physiologischen Unbedenklichkeit sowie vorteilhaften physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften eine interessante Alternative gegenüber einer Vielzahl von organischen und umweltgefährdenden Lösungs‐ und Reaktionsmitteln dar. Um derartigen Verfahren künftig größere Anwendungschancen zu eröffnen, wurden keramische Membranen zur Stofftrennung unter hydrothermalen Druck‐ und Temperaturbedingungen untersucht. Dies beinhaltet den Aufbau einer Permeations‐ und Filtrationsanlage, Parameterstudien zum Transportverhalten des reinen Wassers sowie Untersuchungen zum Trennverhalten der Membranen gegenüber gelösten organischen Modellsubstanzen.
Simulation of Coalescence in Multiphase Systems Using a Mesh‐Free Simulation Method
Authors: Hirschler Manuel , Keller Franz , Huber Manuel , Säckel Winfried , Nieken Ulrich 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDie Modellierung der Koaleszenz innerhalb von Blasenkollektiven ist mit gitterbasierten Verfahren aufgrund des adaptiven Vernetzungsaufwands eine Herausforderung. Eine Alternative für Systeme mit stark veränderlichen freien Oberflächen und komplexer Geometrie stellen gitterfreie Simulationsmethoden wie der Smoothed‐particle‐hydrodynamics‐Ansatz (SPH‐Ansatz) dar. In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird die Eignung der SPH‐Methode zur Simulation von Blasenkollektiven untersucht. Dazu wird die Dynamik der Koaleszenz einer Einzelblase mit einer planaren Oberfläche analysiert und die Möglichkeit zur Modellierung von Blasenkollektiven am Beispiel eines Blasenkollektivs mit zwei Blasen verschiedener Größe aufgezeigt.
Dendronized Polymer Architectures for Fuel Cell Membranes
Authors: Nielsen M. M. , Dimitrov I. , Takamuku S. , Jannasch P. , Jankova K. , Hvilsted S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMulti‐step synthetic pathways to low‐ion exchange capacity (IEC) polysulfone (PSU) with sulfonic acid functionalized aliphatic dendrons and sulfonated comb‐type PSU structures are developed and investigated in a comparative study as non‐fluorinated proton exchange membrane (PEM) candidates. In each case the side chains are synthesized and introduced in their sulfonated form onto an azide‐functionalized PSU via click chemistry. Three degrees of substitution of each architecture were prepared in order to evaluate the dependence on number of sulfonated side chains. Solution cast membranes were evaluated as PEMs for use in fuel cells by proton conductivity measurements, and in the case of dendronized architectures: thermal stability. The proposed synthetic strategy facilitates exploration of a non‐fluorous system with various flexible side chains where IEC is tunable by the degree of substitution.
Graphene and Functionalized Graphene Supported Platinum Catalyst for PEMFC
Authors: Ghosh A. , Basu S. , Verma A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe graphene was synthesized by chemical oxidation followed by thermal exfoliation of natural graphite. The functionalized graphene (FG) was prepared by chemical treatment of the synthesized graphene. The as‐synthesized graphene and FG were characterized and used as Pt support materials. The 20 wt.% Pt/G and 20 wt.% Pt/FG catalysts were prepared by precipitation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized for particle size using X‐ray diffraction, surface morphology, electrochemical performance, and stability using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical surface area of the FG supported platinum catalyst was found to be more than 45% as compared to the commercial carbon supported platinum catalyst. The stability of the developed catalyst (Pt/G and Pt/FG) was significantly higher than the commercial Pt/C. The membrane electrode assembly was developed using the catalysts and tested in a PEMFC. The maximum power densities of the fuel cell were found to be 314, 426, and 455 mW cm–2 using Pt/C, Pt/G, and Pt/FG, respectively.
Large shield volcanoes on the Moon
Authors: Spudis Paul D. , McGovern Patrick J. , Kiefer Walter S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe volcanic style of the Moon has long been understood to consist almost exclusively of flood basalts erupted from fissures along with minor pyroclastic activity; large central vent shield volcanoes that characterize basaltic volcanism on the other terrestrial planets appeared to be absent. Small (few kilometers diameter) central vent constructs have long been recognized in the lunar maria and often are found clustered in fields throughout the lunar maria. New global topographic data from the LOLA and LROC instruments on LRO reveal that almost all of these volcanic complexes on the Moon occur on large, regional topographic rises in the lunar maria, tens to hundreds of kilometers in extent and between several hundred to several thousand meters high. We propose that these topographic swells are shield volcanoes and are the lunar equivalents of the large basaltic shields found on the Earth, Venus, and Mars. The newly recognized lunar shields are found peripheral to the large, deeply flooded impact basins Imbrium and Serenitatis, suggesting a genetic relation to those features. Loading of the lithosphere by these basalt‐filled basins may be responsible for inducing a combination of flexural and membrane stress, inducing a pressure distribution on vertically oriented dikes favorable to magma ascent. This condition would occur in a zone annular to the large circular loads produced by the basins, where the shield volcanoes occur.
Exposures of olivine‐rich rocks in the vicinity of Ares Vallis: Implications for Noachian and Hesperian volcanism
Authors: Wilson J. H. , Mustard J. F. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe igneous evolution of Mars is well represented in stratigraphic settings that transition across major time stratigraphic boundaries. Here we analyze in detail the morphology and composition, determined through visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy, of igneous volcanic terrains in Ares Vallis, Mars. Upland plateau units with crater‐filling volcanic plains are of Noachian age; smooth units to the west and north of the mouth of Ares Vallis have been mapped as Hesperian in age. The age and origin of the units that comprise the floor of Ares Vallis, connecting the upland plateau units and the smooth units to the west and north of the mouth of Ares Vallis, is less certain due to the small area available for crater counting. The mafic mineral compositions of these units are well resolved with OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activité) and CRISM (Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars) data. The data show that the Noachian volcanic units are distinctly olivine‐rich, while the plains units to the west and the floor of Ares Vallis volcanics show diagnostic absorptions of olivine‐pyroxene, typical of Hesperian volcanics elsewhere on Mars. Based on these findings, we propose there has been a change in the temperature and/or degree of partial melting in the mantle over time for this region of Mars.
Functional nasal morphology of chimaerid fishes
Authors: Howard Lauren E. , Holmes William M. , Ferrando Sara , Maclaine James S. , Kelsh Robert N. , Ramsey Andrew , Abel Richard L. , Cox Jonathan P.L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTHolocephalans (chimaeras) are a group of marine fishes comprising three families: the Callorhinchidae (callorhinchid fishes), the Rhinochimaeridae (rhinochimaerid fishes) and the Chimaeridae (chimaerid fishes). We have used X‐ray microcomputed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to characterise in detail the nasal anatomy of three species of chimaerid fishes:Chimaera monstrosa,C. phantasmaandHydrolagus colliei. We have shown that the nasal chamber of these three species is linked to the external environment by an incurrent channel and to the oral cavity by an excurrent channel via an oral groove. A protrusion of variable morphology is present on the medial wall of the incurrent channel in all three species, but is absent in members of the two other holocephalan families that we inspected. A third nasal channel, the lateral channel, functionally connects the incurrent nostril to the oral cavity, by‐passing the nasal chamber. From anatomical reconstructions, we have proposed a model for the circulation of water, and therefore the transport of odorant, in the chimaerid nasal region. In this model, water could flow through the nasal region via the nasal chamber or the lateral channel. In either case, the direction of flow could be reversed. Circulation through the entire nasal region is likely to be driven primarily by the respiratory pump. We have identified several anatomical features that may segregate, distribute, facilitate and regulate flow in the nasal region and have considered the consequences of flow reversal. The non‐sensory cilia lining the olfactory sensory channels appear to be mucus‐propelling, suggesting that these cilia have a common protective role in cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays and chimaeras). The nasal region of chimaerid fishes shows at least two adaptations to a benthic lifestyle, and suggests good olfactory sensitivity, with secondary folding enhancing the hypothetical flat sensory surface area by up to 70%. J. Morphol. 274:987–1009, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of the cultivation conditions for mushroom production with European wild strains of Agaricus subrufescens and Brazilian cultivars
Authors: Llarena‐Hernández Carlos R , Largeteau Michèle L , Ferrer Nathalie , Regnault‐Roger Catherine , Savoie Jean‐Michel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe almond mushroom Agaricus subrufescens (formerly Agaricus blazei or Agaricus brasiliensis) is cultivated at commercial level in Brazil and some Asian countries on local substrates and casing mixtures. Despite its tropical origin, A. subrufescens might be a seasonal option for mushroom growers in western countries, where some wild strains have been isolated. For this purpose, cultivation conditions were developed starting from the substrate and casing mixture commonly used for commercial production of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus in France.RESULTSThe commercial compost, based on wheat straw and horse manure, used for A. bisporus and the casing mixture (peat and limestone) supplemented with fine sand proved efficient to grow A. subrufescens. Increasing the depth of the casing layer improved significantly the yield and time to fruiting. Daily variations in temperature did not markedly modify the yield. Significantly higher mushroom biomass was obtained with three wild European strains compared with three Brazilian cultivars. The very productive wild strain CA438‐A gave mushrooms of size and dry matter content comparable to those of a cultivar.CONCLUSIONCommercial production of A. subrufescens can be developed in western countries on the wheat straw‐based substrate commonly used for A. bisporus in these regions, by a simple modification of the casing mixture and maintaining the incubation temperature throughout the crop, which is expected to save energy during summer. Good yields were obtained cultivating European strains under optimised parameters. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The crystal structure of an octapeptide repeat of the Prion protein in complex with a Fab fragment of the POM2 antibody
Authors: Swayampakula Mridula , Baral Pravas Kumar , Aguzzi Adriano , Kav Nat N. V. , James Michael N. G. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPrion diseases are progressive, infectious neurodegenerative disorders caused primarily by the misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPc) into an insoluble, protease‐resistant, aggregated isoform termed PrPsc. In native conditions, PrPc has a structured C‐terminal domain and a highly flexible N‐terminal domain. A part of this N‐terminal domain consists of 4–5 repeats of an unusual glycine‐rich, eight amino acids long peptide known as the octapeptide repeat (OR) domain. In this article, we successfully report the first crystal structure of an OR of PrPc bound to the Fab fragment of the POM2 antibody. The structure was solved at a resolution of 2.3 Å by molecular replacement. Although several studies have previously predicted a β‐turn‐like structure of the unbound ORs, our structure shows an extended conformation of the OR when bound to a molecule of the POM2 Fab indicating that the bound Fab disrupts any putative native β turn conformation of the ORs. Encouraging results from several recent studies have shown that administering small molecule ligands or antibodies targeting the OR domain of PrP result in arresting the progress of peripheral prion infections both in ex vivo and in in vivo models. This makes the structural study of the interactions of POM2 Fab with the OR domain very important as it would help us to design smaller and tighter binding OR ligands.
Surface‐activated chemical ionization‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with two‐dimensional serial chromatography is a powerful tool for drug stability studies
Authors: Conti Matteo , Motta Roberto , Puggioli Cristina , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEDrug stability is an important quality‐control issue for pharmaceutical and clinical practices. Among the analytical techniques that address this issue, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) can be very useful, especially when assessing the quality of liquid formulations, because it is intrinsically sensitive, selective, and a rapid analytical technique. However, LC/MS suffers from technical drawbacks, e.g., matrix effects, and the production of in‐source degradation products, which can limit its usefulness.METHODSTo overcome the aforementioned drawbacks associated with LC/MS, we introduce an innovative approach (2D‐LC/SACI‐ESI‐MS/MS) that incorporates two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (2D‐LC) in conjunction with an MS system consisting of a surface‐activated chemical ionization‐electrospray ionization chamber (SACI‐ESI), an ion trap MS analyzer, and tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTSTo validate our 2D‐LC/SACI‐ESI‐MS/MS system stability studies were performed on the computerized tomography contrast agents, iohexol, iodixanol, iopamidol, iomeprol, iopromide, and iobitridol, either alone or in binary combination. The matrix effects, in‐source analyte degradation, and analytical performance were compared with those obtained using a one‐dimensional LC/MS configuration. The accuracy coefficient of variance (CV) = 1–4%, and degradation (loss of water and other chemical moieties) was greatly reduced, attesting to the usefulness of this system for drug stability measurements.CONCLUSIONSOur new approach improves the performance (sensitivity, accuracy, and signal stability) of LC/MS instrumentation for drug stability measurements by reducing signal suppression effects and in‐source chemical reactions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geminin Restrains Mesendodermal Fate Acquisition of Embryonic Stem Cells and is Associated with Antagonism of Wnt Signaling and Enhanced Polycomb-Mediated Repression
Authors: Caronna Elizabeth A. , Patterson Ethan S. , Hummert Pamela M. , Kroll Kristen L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEmbryonic cells use both growth factor signaling and cell intrinsic transcriptional and epigenetic regulation to acquire early cell fates. Underlying mechanisms that integrate these cues are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of Geminin, a nucleoprotein that interacts with both transcription factors and epigenetic regulatory complexes, during fate acquisition of mouse embryonic stem cells. In order to determine Geminin's role in mesendoderm formation, a process which occurs during embryonic gastrulation, we selectively over-expressed or knocked down Geminin in an in vitro model of differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells. We found that Geminin antagonizes mesendodermal fate acquisition, while these cells instead maintain elevated expression of genes associated with pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. During mesendodermal fate acquisition, Geminin knockdown promotes Wnt signaling, while Bmp, Fgf, and Nodal signaling are not affected. Moreover, we showed that Geminin facilitates the repression of mesendodermal genes that are regulated by the Polycomb repressor complex. Geminin directly binds several of these genes, while Geminin knockdown in mesendodermal cells reduces Polycomb repressor complex occupancy at these loci and increases trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4, which correlates with active gene expression. Together, these results indicate that Geminin is required to restrain mesendodermal fate acquisition of early embryonic cells and that this is associated with both decreased Wnt signaling and enhanced Polycomb repressor complex retention at mesendodermal genes.
High expression of a neutral endo-β-glucanase gene from Humicola insolens in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Gu Bintao , Xia Liming 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The neutral endo-β-glucanase gene cel5A from Humicola insolens was cloned and connected with the cellobiohydrolase 1 promoter from Trichoderma reesei to construct a recombinant plasmid pCB-hEG with the hygromycin B resistance marker. The plasmid was introduced into conidia of T. reesei using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation method. Eight transformants were obtained on screening plates with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the sole carbon source. Stable integration of the cel5A gene into the chromosomal DNA of T. reesei was confirmed by PCR. An obvious protein band (approximately 52 kDa) was detected by SDS-PAGE from fermentation broth, which showed that the cel5A gene in recombinant T. reesei successfully fulfilled efficient expression and extracellular secretion. After 96 h shaking-flask fermentation, the endo-β-glucanase activity at pH 6.5 from recombinant T. reesei reached 3,068 U/ml, which was 11 times higher than that of the host strain. In a 2 m3 fermenter, the endo-β-glucanase activity could be further increased to 8,012 U/ml after 96 h fermentation. The results showed a good prospect for application of neutral endo-β-glucanase in the textile industry.
Young Women’s Dynamic Family Size Preferences in the Context of Transitioning Fertility
Authors: Yeatman Sara , Sennott Christie , Culpepper Steven 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Dynamic theories of family size preferences posit that they are not a fixed and stable goal but rather are akin to a moving target that changes within individuals over time. Nonetheless, in high-fertility contexts, changes in family size preferences tend to be attributed to low construct validity and measurement error instead of genuine revisions in preferences. To address the appropriateness of this incongruity, the present study examines evidence for the sequential model of fertility among a sample of young Malawian women living in a context of transitioning fertility. Using eight waves of closely spaced data and fixed-effects models, we find that these women frequently change their reported family size preferences and that these changes are often associated with changes in their relationship and reproductive circumstances. The predictability of change gives credence to the argument that ideal family size is a meaningful construct, even in this higher-fertility setting. Changes are not equally predictable across all women, however, and gamma regression results demonstrate that women for whom reproduction is a more distant goal change their fertility preferences in less-predictable ways.
Disturbance in uniformly13C-labelled DHA metabolism in elderly human subjects carrying the apoE ε4 allele
Authors: Chouinard-Watkins R. , Rioux-Perreault C. , Fortier M. , Tremblay-Mercier J. , Zhang Y. , Lawrence P. , Vohl M. C. , Perron P. , Lorrain D. , Brenna J. T. , Cunnane S. C. , Plourde M. 
Published: April 2013

Carrying the apoE ε4 allele (E4+) is the most important genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. Unlike non-carriers (E4 − ), E4+ seem not to be protected against Alzheimer's disease when consuming fish. We hypothesised that this may be linked to a disturbance inn-3 DHA metabolism in E4+. The aim of the present study was to evaluate [13C]DHA metabolism over 28 d in E4+v.E4 − . A total of forty participants (twenty-six women and fourteen men) received a single oral dose of 40 mg [13C]DHA, and its metabolism was monitored in blood and breath over 28 d. Of the participants, six were E4+ and thirty-four were E4 − . In E4+, mean plasma [13C]DHA was 31 % lower than that in E4 − , and cumulative β-oxidation of [13C]DHA was higher than that in E4 − 1–28 d post-dose (P≤ 0·05). A genotype × time interaction was detected for cumulative β-oxidation of [13C]DHA (P≤ 0·01). The whole-body half-life of [13C]DHA was 77 % lower in E4+ compared with E4 − (P≤ 0·01). In E4+ and E4 − , the percentage dose of [13C]DHA recovered/h as13CO2correlated with [13C]DHA concentration in plasma, but the slope of linear regression was 117 % steeper in E4+ compared with E4 − (P≤ 0·05). These results indicate that DHA metabolism is disturbed in E4+, and may help explain why there is no association between DHA levels in plasma and cognition in E4+. However, whether E4+ disturbs the metabolism of13C-labelled fatty acids other than DHA cannot be deduced from the present study.
TheGeorgics, the Mysteries and the Muses at Rome
Authors: Hardie Alex 
Published: April 2013

In a paper published nearly fifty years ago, Piero Scazzoso traced what he took to be a pattern of mystery allusions in theGeorgics. Reflections of telestic initiation and allied concepts of resurrection and salvation were then identified in the Orpheus and Aristaeus episodes in Book 4. Later studies in this area focused variously on the first proem, on Eleusinian references in the ‘farmer'sarma’ (1.162–8), on the role of Proserpina, and on the ‘mystic’ beatitudes at the end of the second book. Most recently, Llewelyn Morgan has offered an analysis of the relevance of mystery cult to understanding Vergil's conception of the physical universe and its underlying principles, again with particular reference to the fourth book.With the benefit of this considerable body of work, we are well placed to ask whether Roman readers' understanding of the poem could have been enriched by acquaintance with telestic concepts and procedures. Christine Perkell detected the ‘primacy of mystery’ in the tension between the poet's didacticpraeceptaand his aspiration to god given knowledge, a reading which might encourage more extended enquiry into the revelatory character of theGeorgics.