bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provenance assignment of archaeological marbles in the museum of Ballıhisar (Central Anatolia, Turkey)
Authors: De Paepe Paul , Moens Luc , De Donder José 
Published: August 2014

Dix objets en marbre blanc conservés au Musée de Ballıhisar, en Anatolie centrale, ont été soumis à une analyse isotopique : deux sarcophages, cinq éléments architecturaux, deux monuments funéraires et un pithos (Fig. 1 et 2). La fabrication de certaines de ces pièces remonte à l'Antiquité classique ; d'autres ont vu le jour dans des ateliers byzantins ou datent de la période chrétienne. Les marbres étudiés proviennent, d'une part, de fouilles réalisées à Ballıhisar - où se trouvent les vestiges de l'ancienne ville de Pessinonte - et, d'autre part, de prospections de terrain menées aux alentours de ce site. Le but principal du travail de laboratoire était d'éclairer le problème de l'origine précise des marbres utilisés par les habitants de Pessinonte pendant et après l'Antiquité classique. Si les résultats obtenus n'ont pas donné une réponse complètement satisfaisante à cette question, ils nous instruisent du moins sur la provenance probable de quelques pièces.
Afin de tester l'hypothèse des archéologues sur l'origine locale des marbres de Pessinonte, des prélèvements de roches ont eu lieu entre 2001 et 2003 dans plusieurs carrières de marbre, antiques et modernes, de la région, plus précisément à İstiklâlbağı et Tekören, au Nord de Ballıhisar. Les données fournies par l'examen isotopique de soixante- cinq échantillons de marbre brut ont permis d'établir les premiers diagrammes de référence (Fig. 3 et 4). La variation isotopique, plus particulièrement celle de l'oxygène, observée dans les marbres de İstiklâlbağı et, à un degré moindre, dans ceux de Tekören est malheureusement tellement grande que les roches analysées se confondent isotopiquement avec bon nombre de marbres d'intérêt archéologique du bassin méditerranéen. Avant même d'entamer l'examen de laboratoire des objets du Musée de Ballıhisar, il était donc clair que nos chances de pouvoir désigner un lieu d'origine précis étaient assez réduites.
Malgré ce handicap, notre étude conduit à la conclusion que deux pièces architecturales et le pithos sont taillés dans du marbre étranger à la région de Pessinonte (Fig. 5 et 6). La source la plus probable de ces œuvres semble être les carrières antiques d'Afyon, au Sud-Ouest de Pessinonte. La caractérisation isotopique des deux sarcophages, par contre, est compatible avec une production locale quoique, dans le stade actuel de notre recherche, on ne peut exclure qu'ils proviennent d'une autre source anatolienne. En ce qui concerne les autres pièces, les données analytiques ne confirment apparemment pas l'origine locale. Mais ceci s'explique peut-être par le nombre limité de roches inclues dans notre banque de données concernant les marbres de la région de Pessinonte.
Importance of Airflow for Physiologic and Ergogenic Effects of Precooling
Authors: Morrison Shawnda A. , Cheung Stephen , Cotter James D. 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Cooling the body before exercise (precooling) has been studied as an ergogenic aid for many thermal conditions; however, airflow accompanying exercise is seldom reported.

Objective:
To determine whether the physiologic and ergogenic benefits of precooling before endurance exercise may be negated with semirealistic airflow in hot conditions.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Climate-controlled chamber in a research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Ten fit, healthy cyclists.

Intervention(s):
After a familiarization trial, participants completed 4 randomized, counterbalanced sessions consisting of no precooling versus precooling and no fan airflow versus airflow (~4.8 m/s) during exercise. Precooling was via chest-deep immersion (~24°C) for 1 hour or until core temperature dropped 0.5°C. Participants then cycled at 95% ventilatory threshold in a hot environment (temperature = 30°C, relative humidity = 50%) until volitional exhaustion, core temperature reached &gt;39.5°C, or heart rate reached &gt;95% of maximum.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Thermal strain was assessed via core temperature (esophageal and rectal thermistors) and mean skin temperature (thermistors at 10 sites) and cardiovascular strain via heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion.

Results:
Endurance time (28 ± 12 minutes without precooling or airflow) increased by 30 ± 23 minutes with airflow (~109%; 95% confidence interval = 12, 45 minutes; P &lt; .001) and by 16 ± 15 minutes with precooling (~61%; 95% confidence interval = 4, 25 minutes; P = .013), but it was not further extended when the strategies were combined (29 ± 21 minutes longer than control). During cycling without precooling or airflow, mean core and skin temperatures were higher than in all other trials. Precooling reduced heart rate by 7–11 beats/min during the first 5 minutes of exercise, but this attenuation ended by 15 minutes.

Conclusions:
Most laboratory-based precooling studies have (inadvertently) overestimated the extent of the physiologic and ergogenic benefits for typical athlete-endurance situations. Precooling increases work capacity effectively when airflow is restricted but may have little or no benefit when airflow is present.
Alterations in Neuromuscular Control at the Knee in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Terada Masafumi , Pietrosimone Brian G. , Gribble Phillip A. 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Few authors have assessed neuromuscular knee-stabilization strategies in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) during functional activities.

Objective:
To investigate the influence of CAI on neuromuscular characteristics around the knee during a stop-jump task.

Design:
Case-control study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Participants or Other Participants:
A total of 19 participants with self-reported unilateral CAI and 19 healthy control participants volunteered for this study.

Intervention(s):
Participants performed double-legged, vertical stop-jump tasks onto a force plate, and we measured muscle activation around the knee of each limb.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We calculated the integrated electromyography for the vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, medial hamstrings, and lateral hamstrings muscles during the 100 ms before and after initial foot contacts with the force plate and normalized by the ensemble peak electromyographic value. Knee sagittal-plane kinematics were also analyzed during a stop-jump task.

Results:
Compared with control participants, the CAI group demonstrated greater prelanding integrated electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis oblique (CAI = 52.28 ± 11.25%·ms, control = 43.90 ± 10.13%·ms, t36 = 2.41, P = .021, effect size = 0.78, 95% confidence interval = 0.11, 1.43) and less knee-flexion angle at the point of initial foot contact (CAI = 7.81° ± 8.27°, control = 14.09° ± 8.7°, t36 = −2.28, P = .029, effect size = −0.74, 95% confidence interval = −1.38, −0.07) and at 100 ms post–initial foot contact (CAI = 51.36° ± 5.29°, control = 58.66° ± 7.66°, t36 = −3.42, P = .002, effect size = −1.11, 95% confidence interval = −1.77, −0.40). No significant results were noted for the other electromyographic measures.

Conclusions:
We found altered feed-forward patterns of the vastus medialis oblique and altered postlanding knee sagittal-plane kinematics in the CAI group. These observations may provide insight regarding sensorimotor characteristics that may be associated with CAI.
Exploring South Africa’s ‘black diamonds’ at live music performances
Authors: Kruger Martinette , Saayman Melville 
Published: August 2014

Problem under investigation: This exploratory study fills a gap in the literature by profiling ‘black diamonds’, the South African up-and-coming middle-class market, at live music concerts. Design, methodology and approach: A destination-based survey at five concerts in South Africa in 2012 extracted a sample of 164 black diamond attendees from the rest of the audience. The attendance motives of this sample were used to identify different market segments within the sample.Findings and implications: Factor analysis identified five key motives and five key management factors for a memorable experience, and a cluster analysis found three types of black diamond concertgoers: Enthusiasts, Sentimentalists and Novices. The three clusters differed significantly in terms of their socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics, and especially in terms of what they regarded as important for a memorable experience at a live concert. These results will enable managers to package live concerts accordingly in order to develop this market in South Africa. The research emphasises that attendees at live concerts cannot be regarded as homogeneous in terms of their profiles, needs and preferences.
VIVÊNCIA E ANÁLISE DE AJUDA TERAPÊUTICA COM CLIENTE ALCOOLISTA
Authors: Santos Maria da Soledade Simeão dos , Furegato Antonia Regina Ferreira , Scatena Maria Cecília Morais 
Published: August 2014

Trata-se de um estudo que retrata a dinâmica do relacionamento de ajuda entre uma enfermeira/pós-graduanda da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Univesidade de São Paulo (USP) com o cliente alcoolista, que freqüenta as atividades do Centro de estudo para Prevenção e Reabilitação da Alcoolismo da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (CEPRAL/UFRJ). Objetivou-se verificar a adequação das técnicas de comunicação terapêutica e destacar modificações imprimidas pelo entrevistado ou pelo entrevistador no decorrer no relacionamento de ajuda. Os resultados indicam a importância do conhecimento técnico e da disposição para avaliar suas comunicações visando a ajuda terapêutica no cuidado de enfermagem.
O SISTEMA DE CONHECIMENTO E DE CUIDADO DOS IDOSOS EM HEMODIÁLISE CONCERNENTE A TERAPIA MEDICAMENTOSA
Authors: Lenardt Maria Helena , Hammerschmidt Karina Silveira de Almeida , Modesto Ana Paula , Borghi Ângela Cristina da Silva 
Published: August 2014

RESUMO: Estudo etnográfico focado, realizado com 23 idosos em tratamento hemodialítico, usuários de uma rede de hemodiálise, na capital paranaense. O objetivo foi interpretar o sistema de conhecimento e de cuidado dos doentes idosos em hemodiálise, referente à terapia medicamentosa. Das informações emergiram 2 domínios: 1) A situação de dependênciaexige o apoio de outros 2) Elementos da linguagem visual e tátil são meios para identificar e organizar os medicamentos. Otema cultural recebeu a asserção: O idoso renal crônico e as possibilidades no alfabetismo visual. A identificação dasmedicações pelos idosos está fundamentada na linguagem visual e tátil, composta dos elementos básicos visuais: cor,tamanho, textura e forma das medicações. A cada meio de identificação se atribui uma grande quantidade de significados,alguns por associação, outros por vinculação arbitrária.
PERCEPÇÃO DE MÃES ACERCA DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE CRIANÇAS COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL
Authors: Vasconcelos Viviane Mamede , Frota Mirna Albuquerque , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra , Gonçalves Marcelo Luiz Carvalho 
Published: August 2014

Estudo exploratório qualitativo com objetivo de conhecer a percepção de mães quanto à qualidade de vida dofilho com paralisia cerebral. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 20 mães de crianças nafaixa etária de 2 a 7 anos que estavam em atendimento no Núcleo de Tratamento e Estimulação Precoce, local em que foidesenvolvida a pesquisa. Os resultados foram analisados a partir da técnicas de análise temática, emergindo as categoriasPercepção de Qualidade de Vida e Qualidade de Vida do Filho com Paralisia Cerebral. Evidenciou-se que a percepção estáassociada a aspectos financeiros, bem como ao desenvolvimento de atividades da vida diária. As mães referenciam umaqualidade de vida ruim do filho, colocando-se como responsáveis; são afetados pelo preconceito e processo de negação da criança com deficiência, interferindo na assistência em âmbito familiar. O estudo contribui como reflexão aos estigmasimpostos à criança com paralisia cerebral.
FATORES RELACIONADOS COM AS REINTERNAÇÕES DE PORTADORES DE ESQUIZOFRENIA
Authors: Pinheiro Tânia De Lázari Sanches , Cazola Luiza Helena de Oliveira , Sales Cibele De Moura , De Andrade Ana Rachel Oliveira 
Published: August 2014

Este estudo de caráter descritivo objetivou identificar os fatores envolvidos nas reinternações dos portadores deesquizofrenia de um hospital psiquiátrico em uma capital brasileira. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram portadores de esquizofrenia com histórico de três ou mais internações na instituição, no período de um ano. Dados secundários foram coletados com pesquisa documental e os dados primários com entrevistas com os responsáveis pelos pacientes. Como fatores relacionados às reinternações estão a não-continuidade do cuidado ao portador de esquizofrenia na rede de atenção substitutiva, após a alta hospitalar, a baixa condição socioeconômica dos pacientes e familiares, as dificuldade dos familiares em lidar e conviver com os adoecidos, a não-adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, e a gravidade da doença. Conclui-se que são necessárias estratégias para a corresponsabilização da família no acompanhamento ao paciente, assim como melhor assistência das instituições complementares ao tratamento hospitalar, possibilitando redução nas reinternações.
Dyslipidemia in HIV‐positive patients: a randomized, controlled, prospective study on ezetimibe+fenofibrate versus pravastatin monotherapy
Authors: Grandi Anna M , Nicolini Eleonora , Rizzi Laura , Caputo Sara , Annoni Filippo , Cremona Anna M , Marchesi Chiara , Guasti Luigina , Maresca Andrea M , Grossi Paolo 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionWe designed a randomized, controlled prospective study aimed at comparing efficacy and tolerability of ezetimibe+fenofibrate treatment versus pravastatin monotherapy in dyslipidemic HIV‐positive (HIV+) patients treated with protease inhibitors (PIs).MethodsWe consecutively enrolled 42 HIV+ dyslipidemic patients on stable PIs therapy (LDL cholesterol >130 mg/dl or triglycerides 200–500 mg/dl with non‐HDL cholesterol >160 mg/dl). After basal evaluation, patients were randomized to a six‐month treatment with ezetimibe 10 mg/day+fenofibrate 200 mg/day or with pravastatin 40 mg/day. Both at the basal evaluation and after the six‐month treatment, the patients underwent blood tests for lipid parameters, and muscle and liver enzymes.ResultsAt baseline, the two groups (21 patients each) were similar with regards to gender, age, BMI, blood pressure and virologic and metabolic parameters. After the six‐month therapy, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and non‐HDL cholesterol decreased significantly (p<0.01) in both groups. high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased (44±10 to 53±12 mg/dl, p<0.005) and triglycerides decreased (from 265±118 mg/dl to 149±37 mg/dl, p<0.001) in the ezetimibe+fenofibrate group, whereas both parameters remained unchanged in the pravastatin group. Mean values of creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were unchanged in both groups; only one patient in the pravastatin group stopped the treatment after two months, due to increased CK.ConclusionsIn dyslipidemic HIV+ patients on PI therapy, the association of ezetimibe+fenofibrate is more effective than pravastatin monotherapy in improving lipid profile and is also well tolerated.
Winter sea ice melting in the Atlantic Water subduction area, Svalbard Norway
Authors: Tverberg V. , Nøst O. A. , Lydersen C. , Kovacs K. M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHerein, we study a small area along the shelf west of Spitsbergen, near Prins Karls Forland, where warm, saline Atlantic Water of the West Spitsbergen Current currently first encounters sea ice. This sea ice is drifting in a coastal current that carries Arctic Water originating from the Barents Sea northward over the shelf. Our aim was to investigate whether melting of sea ice by Atlantic Water in this area might be a significant factor that could contribute to the formation of a cold halocline layer that isolates the sea ice from further melting from below. Observations of temperature and salinity profiles were collected during two winters, via CTD‐SRDL instruments deployed on harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), and fed into a heat and freshwater budget box model in order to quantify the importance of melting relative to other processes that could transform the shelf water mass during winter. Cross‐frontal exchange of Atlantic Water from the West Spitsbergen Current, driven by buoyancy forcing rather than Ekman upwelling, was determined to be the source of the heat that melted drift ice on the shelf. Some local sea ice formation did take place, but its importance in the total heat and freshwater budgets appeared to be minor. The data suggest that the production of a cold halocline layer was preceded by southerly winds and rapid drift ice melting.
Quad‐polarization SAR features of ocean currents
Authors: Kudryavtsev V. , Kozlov I. , Chapron B. , Johannessen J. A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA methodology is demonstrated to exploit the polarization sensitivity of high‐resolution radar measurements to interpret and quantify upper ocean dynamics. This study particularly illustrates the potential of quad‐polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements. The analysis relies on essential characteristics of the electromagnetic scattering mechanisms and hydrodynamical principles. As the relaxation scale of centimeter‐scale ocean surface scatters is typically small, radar signal anomalies associated with surface manifestations of the upper ocean dynamics on spatial scales exceeding 100 m are mostly dominated by nonresonant and nonpolarized scatters. These “scalar” contributions can thus efficiently trace local breaking and near‐breaking areas, caused by surface current variations. Using dual copolarized measurements, the polarized Bragg‐type radar scattering is isolated by considering the difference (PD) between vertically and horizontally polarized radar signals. The nonpolarized (NP) contribution associated with wave breaking is then deduced, using the measured polarization ratio (PR) between polarized signals. Considering SAR scenes depicting various surface manifestations of the upper ocean dynamics (internal waves, mesoscale surface current features, and SST front), the proposed methodology and set of decompositions (PD, PR, and NP) efficiently enable the discrimination between surface manifestation of upper ocean dynamics and wind field variability. Applied to quad‐polarized SAR images, such decompositions further provide unique opportunities to more directly assess the cross‐polarized (CP for HV or VH) signal sensitivity to surface roughness changes. As demonstrated, such an analysis unambiguously demonstrates and quantitatively evaluates the relative impact of breakers on cross‐polarized signals under low to moderate wind conditions.
Alkylideneindoleninium Ions and Alkylideneindolenines: Key Intermediates for the Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Indolyl Derivatives
Authors: Wang Liang , Chen Yuye , Xiao Jian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlkylideneindoleninium ions and alkylideneindolenines generated from 3‐substituted indoles are important intermediates in organic synthesis, which can be trapped by a large variety of nucleophilic reagents to construct biologically important 3‐indolyl derivatives. This Focus Review summarizes the recent developments in asymmetric syntheses of 3‐indolyl derivatives via alkylideneindoleninium ions or alkylideneindolenines. The elimination mechanism of leaving groups and asymmetric strategies are discussed.
The effects of epistaxis on health‐related quality of life in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Merlo Christian A. , Yin Linda X. , Hoag Jeffrey B. , Mitchell Sally E. , Reh Douglas D. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease mainly characterized by epistaxis in more than 96% of patients. Recently, a validated questionnaire known as the HHT Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS) was developed. However, little is known about the relationship between epistaxis and quality of life. We hypothesize that epistaxis severity is a major factor predicting health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) in HHT patients.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. The ESS questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item short form (SF‐36) were administered to subjects through an Internet survey. All participants had a definitive diagnosis of HHT through Curaçao criteria or genetic testing. Demographic information, genetics, and extensive histories were also collected. Descriptive analyses were performed with calculations of means and standard deviations (SDs) for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. Linear regressions were then performed to assess the association between HR‐QoL and ESS.ResultsA total of 604 subjects participated between April and August 2008. All patients reported epistaxis, 285 (47.2%) had telangiectasias, and 545 (90.2%) had a family history of HHT; 167 (27.6%) patients had mild epistaxis (ESS <4), 285 (47.2%) reported moderate epistaxis (≥4 ESS <7), and 152 (25.2%) reported severe epistaxis (ESS ≥7). Patients with severe epistaxis had lower scores for both the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) of HR‐QoL when compared to those with mild epistaxis (p < 0.001, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe ESS is a major determinant of HR‐QoL and should be considered as a measurement of treatment efficacy in HHT‐related epistaxis.
When do the risks of repeated courses of corticosteroids exceed the risks of surgery?
Authors: Leung Randy M. , Dinnie Keith , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) becomes unclear when patients require multiple courses of corticosteroids to maintain quality of life. Repeated courses of corticosteroids carry increased risks to patients. Although endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an effective therapeutic modality, it also carries inherent risks. This study aims to identify the threshold at which the risks of repeated courses of corticosteroid exceed the risks of surgery.MethodsAn evidence‐based risk analysis was simulated using literature‐reported complication rates, quality of life changes, and Medicare costs. Simulations were performed from the Medicare patient perspective, societal perspective, and the universal healthcare patient perspective.ResultsAll 3 simulations demonstrate a breakeven threshold favoring surgery over medical therapy when patients require oral corticosteroids (OCS) more often than once every 2 years in CRSwNP, once per year in CRSwNP/asthma, or twice per year for Samter's triad patients.ConclusionThis represents the first rationalized evidence‐based analysis for when surgery should be considered in place of repeated courses of oral corticosteroids. This threshold provides a guide for otolaryngologists to use when making clinical decisions with patients.
Ein intrinsisch 5‐Fluor‐2′‐desoxyuridin beinhaltendes Aptamer für die gezielte Chemotherapie
Authors: Kruspe Sven , Hahn Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEin Aptamer, das spezifisch an den Interleukin‐6‐Rezeptor bindet und intrinsisch mehrere Einheiten des Nukleosidanalogons 5‐Fluor‐2′‐desoxyuridin beinhaltet, ist in der Lage, gezielt einen zytostatischen Effekt auf Zellen auszuüben, die diesen Rezeptor tragen. Das Aptamer kann in einem einzigen enzymatischen Schritt synthetisiert werden und bindet an einen Zelloberflächenrezeptor, der in das Lysosom transportiert wird. Ausschließlich dort in den Zielzellen führt der Abbau durch intrazelluläre Nukleasen zur Freisetzung des aktivierten Wirkstoffs. Dadurch erfüllt das Aptamer als Prodrug zwei grundlegende Voraussetzungen eines Systems zur gezielten Pharmakotherapie: das spezifische Ansteuern von Zielzellen und die durch einen endogenen Stimulus ausgelöste kontrollierte Wirkstoff‐Freisetzung.