bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mind-body therapy for treating fibromyalgia: a systematic review
Authors: Steen Jeremy P , Kannan Vivek , Zaidi Abdullah , Cramer Holger , Ng Jeremy Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic and disabling condition that presents treatment challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. The objective of this review was to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of mind-body therapies for FM.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, and CINAHL databases from their inception to December 2023. Eligible articles included adults diagnosed with FM participating in a mind-body therapy intervention and were published from the beginning of 2012 onwards. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists.

Results
Twenty-seven studies (1969 participants) were included, comprising 22 randomized controlled trials and 5 quasi-experimental studies. Mind-body therapies included guided imagery (n = 5), mindfulness-based stress reduction (n = 5), qi gong (n = 5), tai chi (n = 5), biofeedback (n = 3), yoga (n = 2), mindfulness awareness training (n = 1), and progressive muscle relaxation (n = 1). With the exception of mindfulness-based stress reduction, all therapies had at least 1 study showing significant improvements in pain at the end of treatment. Three or more studies on qi gong and tai chi demonstrated significant improvements in fatigue and multidimensional function, with tai chi showing the most evidence for improvement in anxiety and depression. Approximately one-third of the studies reported on adverse events.

Conclusions
This systematic review found that mind-body therapies are potentially beneficial for adults with FM. Further research is necessary to determine if the positive effects observed post-intervention are sustained.

Study registration
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io) (September 12, 2023; https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/6w7ac).
Comparison of Negative Symptom Network Structures Between Patients With Early and Chronic Schizophrenia: A Network and Exploratory Graph Analysis
Authors: Tsui Harry Kam Hung , Wong Ting Yat , Sum Min Yi , Chu Sin Ting , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Chang Wing Chung , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Suen Yinam , Chen Eric Yu Hai , Chan Sherry Kit Wa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Despite the clinical relevance of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, our understanding of negative symptoms remains limited. Although various courses and stages of schizophrenia have been identified, variations in the negative symptom networks between distinct stages of schizophrenia remain unexplored.

Study Design
We examined 405 patients with early schizophrenia (ES) and 330 patients with chronic schizophrenia (CS) using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Network analysis and exploratory graph analysis were used to identify and compare the network structures and community memberships of negative symptoms between the two groups. Further, associations between communities and social functioning were evaluated. The potential influences of other symptom domains and confounding factors were also examined.

Study Results
Multidimensional differences were found in the networks of negative symptoms between ES and CS. The global connectivity strength was higher in the network of ES than in the network of CS. In ES, central symptoms were mainly related to expressive deficits, whereas in CS they were distributed across negative symptom domains. A three-community structure was suggested across stages but with different memberships and associations with social functioning. Potential confounding factors and symptom domains, including mood, positive, disorganization, and excitement symptoms, did not affect the network structures.

Conclusion
Our findings revealed the presence of stage-specific network structures of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, with negative symptom communities having differential significance for social functioning. These findings provide implications for the future development of tailored interventions to alleviate negative symptoms and improve functionality across stages.
Devaluation for whom? Feminization and wages in an economically polarized labor market, 2003–2019
Authors: Li Meiying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Scholars have found that as the proportion of female workers in an occupation grows, wages generally decline. Yet, we know little about how this gender inequality intersects with other labor market inequalities. This study evaluates the feminization-wage relationship of an increasingly economically polarized post-2000 US labor market. First, I hypothesize that the negative effect of feminization on wages has diminished in high-skilled occupations due to the declining prejudice against (highly educated) women and increasing requirements for higher education, which functions as a form of social closure. Second, because of the increasing demand for “people skills” in higher-skilled occupations and their association with women, workers in higher-skilled occupations that require these skills may experience positive effects of feminization on wages. Not all people skills, however, are associated with women and similarly rewarded. Thus, I examine three people skills—persuasion, managerial, and sociability—that have different gender stereotypes. I test hypotheses using occupational-level fixed-effects models with individual-level data from the American Community Survey 2003–2019 (N = 15,996,526) and time-varying occupational-level data from the Occupational Information Network 2003–2019 (N = 460). Results show that for workers in occupations requiring more than sixteen years of education, feminization corresponds with higher wages. Additionally, the positive feminization-wage relationship is larger in occupations with a high demand for a gender-neutral people skill, persuasion. This moderation effect is not found for sociability and managerial skills, which are associated with women and men, respectively. This study calls for greater attention to how labor market polarization has shaped gender inequality.
Adaptive Radiation Without Independent Stages of Trait Evolution in a Group of Caribbean Anoles
Authors: Bodensteiner Brooke , Burress Edward D , Muñoz Martha M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adaptive radiation involves diversification along multiple trait axes, producing phenotypically diverse, species-rich lineages. Theory generally predicts that multi-trait evolution occurs via a “stages” model, with some traits saturating early in a lineage’s history, and others diversifying later. Despite its multidimensional nature, however, we know surprisingly little about how different suites of traits evolve during adaptive radiation. Here, we investigated the rate, pattern, and timing of morphological and physiological evolution in the anole lizard adaptive radiation from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. Rates and patterns of morphological and physiological diversity are largely unaligned, corresponding to independent selective pressures associated with structural and thermal niches. Cold tolerance evolution reflects parapatric divergence across elevation, rather than niche partitioning within communities. Heat tolerance evolution and the preferred temperature evolve more slowly than cold tolerance, reflecting behavioral buffering, particularly in edge-habitat species (a pattern associated with the Bogert effect). In contrast to the nearby island of Puerto Rico, closely related anoles on Hispaniola do not sympatrically partition thermal niche space. Instead, allopatric and parapatric separation across biogeographic and environmental boundaries serves to keep morphologically similar close relatives apart. The phenotypic diversity of this island’s adaptive radiation accumulated largely as a by-product of time, with surprisingly few exceptional pulses of trait evolution. A better understanding of the processes that guide multidimensional trait evolution (and nuance therein) will prove key in determining whether the stages model should be considered a common theme of adaptive radiation.
BAIAP2L1 and BAIAP2L2 differently regulate hair cell stereocilia morphology
Authors: Yan Keji , Zhang Haoqing , Qu Chengli , Xi Yuehui , Han Ze‐Guang , Xu Zhigang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInner ear sensory hair cells are characterized by their apical F‐actin‐based cell protrusions named stereocilia. In each hair cell, several rows of stereocilia with different height are organized into a staircase‐like pattern. The height of stereocilia is tightly regulated by two protein complexes, namely row‐1 and row‐2 tip complex, that localize at the tips of tallest‐row and shorter‐row stereocilia, respectively. Previously, we and others identified BAI1‐associated protein 2‐like 2 (BAIAP2L2) as a component of row‐2 complex that play an important role in maintaining shorter‐row stereocilia. In the present work we show that BAIAP2L1, an ortholog of BAIAP2L2, localizes at the tips of tallest‐row stereocilia in a way dependent on known row‐1 complex proteins EPS8 and MYO15A. Interestingly, unlike BAIAP2L2 whose stereocilia‐tip localization requires calcium, the localization of BAIAP2L1 on the tips of tallest‐row stereocilia is calcium‐independent. Therefore, our data suggest that BAIAP2L1 and BAIAP2L2 localize at the tips of different stereociliary rows and might regulate the development and/or maintenance of stereocilia differently. However, loss of BAIAP2L1 does not affect the row‐1 protein complex, and the auditory and balance function of Baiap2l1 knockout mice are largely normal. We hypothesize that other orthologous protein(s) such as BAIAP2 might compensate for the loss of BAIAP2L1 in the hair cells.
Dexamethasone induces trabecular meshwork cell myofibroblast transdifferentiation through ARHGEF26
Authors: Zhu Min , Deng Xizhi , Zhang Nan , Zhang Pengyu , Lai Cheng , Cai Shuncheng , Huang Jingqiu , Chen Xiaomin , Liu Yang , Zeng Wen , Ke Min 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlucocorticoid use may cause elevated intraocular pressure, leading to the development of glucocorticoid‐induced glaucoma (GIG). However, the mechanism of GIG development remains incompletely understood. In this study, we subjected primary human trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) and mice to dexamethasone treatment to mimic glucocorticoid exposure. The myofibroblast transdifferentiation of TMCs was observed in cellular and mouse models, as well as in human trabecular mesh specimens. This was demonstrated by the cytoskeletal reorganization, alterations in cell morphology, heightened transdifferentiation markers, increased extracellular matrix deposition, and cellular dysfunction. Knockdown of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 26 (ARHGEF26) expression ameliorated dexamethasone‐induced changes in cell morphology and upregulation of myofibroblast markers, reversed dysfunction and extracellular matrix deposition in TMCs, and prevented the development of dexamethasone‐induced intraocular hypertension. And, this process may be related to the TGF‐β pathway. In conclusion, glucocorticoids induced the myofibroblast transdifferentiation in TMCs, which played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of GIG. Inhibition of ARHGEF26 expression protected TMCs by reversing myofibroblast transdifferentiation. This study demonstrated the potential of reversing the myofibroblast transdifferentiation of TMCs as a new target for treating GIG.
A novel mechanism of ferroptosis inhibition‐enhanced atherosclerotic plaque stability: YAP1 suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell ferroptosis through GLS1
Authors: Chen Yanyu , Cui Yuting , Li Man , Xia Mengdie , Xiang Qiong , Mao Yu , Li Hengjuan , Chen Jialin , Zeng Wen , Zheng Xilong , Peng Juan , Dai Xiaoyan , Tang Zhihan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), often resulting in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), such as myocardial infarction and stroke due to the rupture or erosion of vulnerable plaques. Ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent form of cell death, has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Despite its involvement in CVDs, the specific role of ferroptosis in atherosclerotic plaque stability remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed the presence of ferroptosis in unstable atherosclerotic plaques and demonstrated that the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe−/−) mice. Using bioinformatic analysis combining RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) with single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we identified Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) as a potential key regulator of ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of unstable plaques. In vitro, we found that YAP1 protects against oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐induced ferroptosis in VSMCs. Mechanistically, YAP1 exerts its anti‐ferroptosis effects by regulating the expression of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) to promote the synthesis of glutamate (Glu) and glutathione (GSH). These findings establish a novel mechanism where the inhibition of ferroptosis promotes the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques through the YAP1/GLS1 axis, attenuating VSMC ferroptosis. Thus, targeting the YAP1/GLS1 axis to suppress VSMC ferroptosis may represent a novel strategy for preventing and treating unstable atherosclerotic plaques.
Assessment of Clinical Reasoning in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Pragmatic Approach to Programmatic Assessment
Authors: Guth Todd A. , Wolfe Rachel M. , Martinez Ofelia , Subhiyah Raja G. , Henderek Jerusha J. , McAllister Caroline , Roussel Danielle 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical reasoning, a complex construct integral to the practice of medicine, has been challenging to define, teach, and assess. Programmatic assessment purports to overcome validity limitations of judgments made from individual assessments through proportionality and triangulation processes. This study explored a pragmatic approach to the programmatic assessment of clinical reasoning.

Method
The study analyzed data from 2 student cohorts from the University of Utah School of Medicine (UUSOM) (n = 113 in cohort 1 and 119 in cohort 2) and 1 cohort from the University of Colorado School of Medicine (CUSOM) using assessment data that spanned from 2017 to 2021 (n = 199). The study methods included the following: (1) asking faculty judges to categorize student clinical reasoning skills, (2) selecting institution-specific assessment data conceptually aligned with clinical reasoning, (3) calculating correlations between assessment data and faculty judgments, and (4) developing regression models between assessment data and faculty judgments.

Results
Faculty judgments of student clinical reasoning skills were converted to a continuous variable of clinical reasoning struggles, with mean (SD) ratings of 2.93 (0.27) for the 232 UUSOM students and 2.96 (0.17) for the 199 CUSOM students. A total of 67 and 32 discrete assessment variables were included from the UUSOM and CUSOM, respectively. Pearson r correlations were moderate to strong between many individual and composite assessment variables and faculty judgments. Regression models demonstrated an overall adjusted R
2 (standard error of the estimate) of 0.50 (0.19) for UUSOM cohort 1, 0.28 (0.15) for UUSOM cohort 2, and 0.30 (0.14) for CUSOM.

Conclusions
This study represents an early pragmatic exploration of regression analysis as a potential tool for operationalizing the proportionality and triangulation principles of programmatic assessment. The study found that programmatic assessment may be a useful framework for longitudinal assessment of complicated constructs, such as clinical reasoning.
Informed Inclusion Model: Medical Student Wheelchair User in an Obstetrics and Gynecology Clerkship
Authors: Brown-Young Diane , Papich Theresa A. , Jhaveri Stacie , Nielsen Craig , Pardee Marcy , Betchkal Rylee , Porter Eboni , Meeks Lisa M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Students with physical disabilities are underrepresented in medicine, driven in part by ableist beliefs about the ability of individuals with disabilities to complete procedure-based or surgically oriented clerkships, including obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn). There is a growing commitment to disability inclusion by medical and specialty training associations. Yet published case studies and accommodation protocols for medical student wheelchair users navigating an Ob/Gyn clerkship are absent in the literature. This article describes successful disability inclusion for an Ob/Gyn clerkship, including accommodations for medical student wheelchair users. The authors share mechanisms to address and combat ableist assumptions and facilitate access for future medical students by working collaboratively with student and key stakeholders to develop an inclusive and accessible training experience.
These recommendations are shared through the story of a third-year medical student who rotated through the longitudinal clerkships at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine. The student, an individual with osteogenesis imperfecta who uses a power wheelchair with a seat elevator, completed third-year rotations and thrived in her clinical experiences. The authors describe her journey through a robust 4-week Ob/Gyn clerkship, in which she fulfilled the required clinical core conditions and observation skills with reasonable accommodation. Given the high acuity, surgery, and outpatient demands in Ob/Gyn—and the transferrable skills to other clerkships—the student’s experience is an excellent exemplar for demonstrating disability inclusion and reasonable accommodation.
Ob/Gyn clerkship directors and clinical faculty can broadly use the recommended timelines and communication protocols to create accessible training environments. With student input, minor scheduling adjustments, ongoing communication, reasonable accommodations, and an open mind, medical students on the clinical wards who are wheelchair users can successfully navigate the required expectations of medical training.
Decreased Long-Term Survival of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Cancer Discharged Home After Unplanned ICU Admission: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Praça Ana Paula Agnolon , Nassar Junior Antônio Paulo , Ferreira Alexandre Miras , Caruso Pedro 
Published: August 2024

IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVES:
To compare the 18-month survival between patients with newly diagnosed cancer discharged home after early unplanned ICU admission and those without early unplanned ICU admission; we also evaluated the frequency and risk factors for early unplanned ICU admission.

DESIGN:
Observational study with prospectively collected data from September 2019 to June 2021 and 18 months follow-up.

SETTING:
Single dedicated cancer center in São Paulo, Brazil.

PARTICIPANTS:
We screened consecutive adults with suspected cancer and included those with histologically proven cancer from among 20 highly prevalent cancers.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The exposure was early unplanned ICU admission, defined as admission for medical reasons or urgent surgery during the first 6 months after cancer diagnosis. The main outcome was 18-month survival after cancer diagnosis, and the main analysis was Cox’s proportional hazards model adjusted for confounders and immortal time bias. Propensity score matching was used in the sensitivity analysis. We screened 4738 consecutive adults with suspected cancer and included 3348 patients. Three hundred twelve (9.3%) had early unplanned ICU admission, which was associated with decreased 18-month survival both in the unadjusted (hazard ratio, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.89–5.62) and adjusted (hazard ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.29–2.64) models. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the results because the groups were balanced after matching, and the 18-month survival of patients with early ICU admission was lower compared with patients without early ICU admission (87.0% vs. 93.9%; p = 0.01 log-rank test). Risk factors for early unplanned ICU admission were advanced age, comorbidities, worse performance status, socioeconomic deprivation, metastatic tumors, and hematologic malignancies.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with newly diagnosed cancer discharged home after early unplanned ICU admission have decreased 18-month survival compared with patients without early unplanned ICU admission.
OUTER RETINAL COLUMNAR ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Grimaldi Gabriela , Menghini Moreno , Mahroo Omar A. , Webster Andrew R. , Michaelides Michel , Peng Claudia Liang , Egan Catherine , Tufail Adnan 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To report a novel optical coherence tomography sign in the context of CRB1-related maculopathy termed outer retinal columnar abnormalities (ORCA).

Methods:
Retrospective, multicenter, observational case series of 14 eyes of eight patients with molecularly confirmed CRB1-related maculopathy and ORCA. Multimodal imaging scans and medical records of patients with CRB1-related maculopathy were reviewed. Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, central subfield thickness on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, presence of ORCAs, and analysis of their change in appearance over time.

Results:
At baseline, mean age was 18±10 years (range 9–36 years). All patients had an isolated macular dystrophy except for 1 case harboring a triallelic pathogenic variant. Variant c.498_506del was found in 9 cases (88%). At presentation, ORCA were visible on macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in all cases as multiform, vertical, hyperreflective, columnar alterations extending from the ellipsoid to the outer plexiform layer, with a variable degree of hyporeflective cystic spaces in the outer and inner nuclear layers. Over 6±4.7 follow-up years, the presence of ORCA varied greatly with a decrease in ORCA associated with sequential development of retinal atrophy.

Conclusion:
A high suspicion for CRB1-associated retinal dystrophy should arise in the presence of ORCA on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, prompting genetic testing.
RB1 CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH RETINOBLASTOMA INCREASES IN UNTREATED PATIENTS
Authors: Silverman Rebecca F. , Francis Jasmine H. , Robbins Melissa A. , Dunkel Ira J. , Abramson David H. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma has been identified in many cancers, including retinoblastoma at diagnosis. It has previously been shown that with treatment (enucleation or ophthalmic artery chemosurgery), all ctDNA disappears; if there is persistent plasma ctDNA after treatment, metastases develop. The purpose of this study was to determine how the ctDNA RB1 variant allele frequency changes in patients with retinoblastoma who have delayed treatment.

Methods:
Circulating tumor DNA RB1 was detected, and variant allele frequency was measured at diagnosis and again before any intervention at some time later ranging from 2 days to 28 days.

Results:
Four patients with five ctDNA RB1 mutations were detected at diagnosis, and variant allele frequency was increased on reevaluation of the same RB1 mutations in ctDNA.

Conclusion:
In this small cohort, every patient (4) and every RB1 mutation (5) plasma level VAF% increased when measured at two time periods before treatment was initiated suggesting that growing tumors demonstrate increasing plasma ctDNA.