bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microparticle Mediated Delivery of Apelin Improves Heart Function in Post Myocardial Infarction Mice
Authors: Tang Ling , Qiu Huiliang , Xu Bing , Su Yajuan , Nyarige Verah , Li Pengsheng , Chen Houjia , Killham Brady , Liao Jun , Adam Henderson , Yang Aaron , Yu Alexander , Jang Michelle , Rubart Michael , Xie Jingwei , Zhu Wuqiang 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Apelin is an endogenous prepropeptide that regulates cardiac homeostasis and various physiological processes. Intravenous injection has been shown to improve cardiac contractility in patients with heart failure. However, its short half-life prevents studying its impact on left ventricular remodeling in the long term. Here, we aim to study whether microparticle-mediated slow release of apelin improves heart function and left ventricular remodeling in mice with myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODS:
A cardiac patch was fabricated by embedding apelin-containing microparticles in a fibrin gel scaffold. MI was induced via permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in adult C57BL/6J mice followed by epicardial patch placement immediately after (acute MI) or 28 days (chronic MI) post-MI. Four groups were included in this study, namely sham, MI, MI plus empty microparticle-embedded patch treatment, and MI plus apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch treatment. Cardiac function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte morphology, apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis were evaluated by histology. Cardioprotective pathways were determined by RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot.

RESULTS:
The level of endogenous apelin was largely reduced in the first 7 days after MI induction and it was normalized by day 28. Apelin-13 encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles displayed a sustained release pattern for up to 28 days. Treatment with apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and reduced scar size in both acute and chronic MI models, which is associated with improved cardiac function. Data from cellular and molecular analyses showed that apelin inhibits the activation and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts by preventing transforming growth factor-β–mediated activation of Smad2/3 (supporessor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3) and downstream profibrotic gene expression.

CONCLUSIONS:
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles prolonged the apelin release time in the mouse hearts. Epicardial delivery of the apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch protects mice from both acute and chronic MI-induced cardiac dysfunction, inhibits cardiac fibrosis, and improves left ventricular remodeling.
The Contribution of the International Compensation Regimes to the Protection of the Ocean
Authors: Jacobsson Måns 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article discusses another means of protecting the ocean to that of the London Convention regime, which prohibits or restricts the dumping of waste at sea, namely through compensation under the existing liability and compensation regimes relating to the spills of oil and other hazardous and noxious substances. Some main features of the existing liability regimes relating to ship-source spills – namely spills from oil tankers, spills of bunker oil from other ships and releases of other hazardous and noxious substances – are presented and their advantages and weaknesses are discussed.
Ship Recycling and the Right to a Healthy Environment
Authors: Pozdnakova Alla 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal and International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (Hong Kong Convention) and shows that these agreements lay down environmental obligations – and sometimes corresponding rights – for States regarding the protection of health and the environment. Predictably, they do not envisage rights for the victims of environmental violations. Despite inherent and persistent limitations of international human rights in general and environmental rights in particular, a human right to a healthy environment may contribute in several ways to better environmental protection in the ship recycling sector. Importantly, the human rights-based approach to the environmental and health standards in ship recycling may reduce the troubling divergence between the Basel and Hong Kong frameworks and increase the minimum standards for sound and safe recycling, bringing it in line with European requirements.
A systematic review of the gut microbiome, metabolites, and multi-omics biomarkers across the colorectal cancer care continuum
Authors: Wu Y. , Shen N. , Hope C. , Noh H.I. , Richardson B.N. , Swartz M.C. , Bai J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The gut microbiome and the microbial metabolome contribute to treatment efficacy and treatment outcomes across the cancer care spectrum. This study systematically reviewed the existing literature between 2007 to March 2022 to elucidate the role of gut microbiota-metabolite biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) care and treatment-related outcomes. Using Covidence, all studies identified were screened by title and abstract, followed by a full-text review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and data extraction. We analysed 13 non-experimental and 9 experimental CRC studies and found that, usually, the α-diversity of the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids decreased in CRC patients, while amino acids (e.g. glutamate) increased in CRC patients. Correlations between specific gut microbial taxa and metabolites were identified, with amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol positively associated with certain gut microbes. Interventions promoting gut microbes and microbial metabolites associated with better health outcomes (e.g. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, butyric acid, and bile acid) can potentially promote treatment efficacy and improve cancer care outcomes. Gut microbial metabolism should be integrated into targeted cancer interventions for CRC patients, given the confirmed role of the gut microbiome and metabolome pathways across the CRC care continuum.
The Influence of Chinese Catholic Historical Memories on Early Joseon Catholicism
Authors: Tsai Chihche 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neither the theological perspective of church history nor the “impact–response” framework can sufficiently explain why Catholicism was able to take root in Joseon. Early Joseon converts from Confucianism received a contextualized understanding of Catholicism transformed by Chinese thought. One can describe this as Confucianized or Sinicized Catholicism. The first missionary sent to the Joseon Peninsula was Zhou Wenmo, a Chinese Catholic priest whose interpretation of the development and historical memories of Chinese Catholicism significantly shaped the ways of Joseon’s early converts from Confucianism. China’s historical narrative was so profound that the converted Confucians and other early converts embraced Catholicism, and the vision was constructed from the historical memories of the late Ming and early Qing. Nevertheless, this vision of nationalizing Catholicism was shattered by consecutive persecutions after 1801.
Atmospheric Precursors of Skillful SST Prediction in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Cluett A. A. , Jacox M. G. , Amaya D. J. , Alexander M. A. , Scott J. D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Forecasts of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) provide essential information to stakeholders of marine resources in coastal ecosystems, such as the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), at management-relevant monthly-to-annual time scales. Diagnosing dynamical sources of predictability and the mechanisms differentiating skill among forecasts is required for verification and improvement in operational forecasting systems. Using retrospective forecasts (1982–2020) from a four-member subset of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), we evaluate the conditional skill of SSTA forecasts in the CCLME at monthly resolution for lead times up to 10.5 months. Forecasts from ensemble members with relatively small SSTA errors at shorter lead times retain higher skill at longer lead times, with the most substantial and long-lasting increases for forecasts initialized in the fall and early spring. The “best” low-error SSTA forecasts are characterized by increased skill in the prediction of North Pacific atmospheric circulation [sea level pressure (SLP) and 200-hPa geopotential height] the month prior to the evaluation of SSTA errors in the CCLME and exhibit more realistic progressions of anomalous SLP. The Pacific meridional mode (PMM) emerges as a diagnostic of skillful North Pacific atmosphere–ocean coupling, as forecasts that correctly simulate the PMM and its associated SLP variability increase the SSTA prediction skill in the CCLME in the fall through spring. Predictable coupled ocean–atmosphere modes provide a target for enhancing predictability with early detection of the onset of a deterministic progression emerging from stochastic atmospheric variability.
Significance Statement
Global forecast systems provide near-term climate predictions that inform the management of marine resources, such as those of the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. In this study, we probe the processes which lead forecasts to succeed or fail at predicting sea surface temperatures in the California Current at seasonal time scales among retrospective forecasts from the North American Multimodel Ensemble. We demonstrate that forecasts which best simulate sea surface temperatures at the earliest lead times sustain advantages in forecast skill and find that correctly simulating extratropical atmospheric circulation increases the predictive skill of sea surface temperatures in the northeast Pacific in the following lead times. Our results offer North Pacific atmospheric circulation as a target for forecast model improvement that would additionally enhance ocean forecasts.
Treating Traumatic Brain Injury with Exercise: Onset Delay and Previous Training as Key Factors Determining its Efficacy
Authors: Sánchez-Martín Tanit , Costa-Miserachs David , Coll-Andreu Margalida , Portell-Cortés Isabel , García-Brito Soleil , Torras-Garcia Meritxell 
Published: August 2024

Purpose Exercise reduces cognitive deficits in traumatic brain injury (TBI), but early post-trauma exercise is often discouraged due to potential harm. The purpose was to evaluate the interaction between pre- and post-injury physical exercise on cognition, neuronal survival and inflammation. Methods Rats were either sham-operated and kept sedentary (Sham) or subjected to controlled cortical impact injury and then distributed into sedentary (Tbi), pre-injury exercise (Pre-Tbi), post-injury exercise with early (24 hours, Tbi-early) or late (6 days, Tbi-late) onset, and a combination of pre- and post-injury exercise with early (Pre-Tbi-early) or late (Pre-Tbi-late) onset. Object recognition memory, hippocampal volume, neuronal survival (NeuN+) in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex, and microglial activity (Iba-1) in the hippocampus were evaluated. Results All exercise conditions, except TBI-early, attenuated the significant memory impairment at 24-hour retention caused by TBI. Additionally, Pre-TBI-early treatment led to memory improvement at 3-hour retention. Pre-TBI reduced neuronal death and microglial activation in the hippocampus. TBI-late, but not TBI-early, mitigated hippocampal volume loss, loss of mature neurons in the hippocampus, and inflammation. Combining pre-injury and early-onset exercise reduced memory deficits but did not affect neuronal death or microglial activation. Combining pre-injury and late-onset exercise had a similar memory-enhancing effect than late post-injury treatment alone, albeit with reduced effects on neuronal density and neuroinflammation. Conclusions Pre-TBI physical exercise reduces the necessary onset delay of post-TBI exercise to obtain cognitive benefits, yet the exact mechanisms underlying this reduction require further research.
Paper 07: Race and Income Influence Patient Outcomes After Multiligament Knee Injuries
Authors: Wolfe Isabel , Chalem Isabel , Spath Alexandra , Li Zachary , Moore Michael , Alaia Michael 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) variables on patient-reported outcomes and return to work following surgery for a multiligament knee injury. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients at our institution who underwent multi-ligament knee reconstruction between 2012 and 2022. SES variables of interest included median household income, occupation, race, sex, and marital status. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used to assess clinical outcomes. Patients reported whether they had returned to work at final follow-up. Data was available for each SES variable for a subset of the cohort. Chi-square tests and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the proportion of patients who returned to work by race, sex, income, marital status, and job type (sedentary vs. nonsedentary) and to compare the proportion of patients with sedentary jobs within each demographic variable. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the distribution of IKDC scores at final follow-up across the same demographic variables. Results: There were 144 patients with multiligament knee injuries for whom data on at least 1 SES variable was available with a median final follow-up of 3.2 years. Patients were 73.2% male with an average age of 38.8 years. Overall, 26.8% of patients were married and 56.1% of patients had sedentary jobs. Of the patients who were working before surgery (63% of the total cohort), 56.0% returned to work after surgery. There was a significant difference in the proportion of patients who had sedentary jobs by income (12.5% low income vs. 50.7% high income, p<.001) and who returned to work postoperatively (16.7% low income vs. 75.0% high income, p=.016). Median IKDC scores for white patients were 78.0 versus 65.5 for Black/African American patients; the score distributions in the two groups differed significantly (p=.045). Patient reported outcomes were not significantly different by sex or marital status. Conclusions: Only about half of patients returned to work after multiligament knee injury surgery. White race and higher income were predictive of better patient-reported outcomes following surgery for multiligament knee injuries. Determining the extent to which SES variables influence these outcomes may lead to improvements in rehabilitation and follow-up for diverse patients. Studies with larger cohorts are needed for a more comprehensive comparison of SES variables.
Behavioural and neurodevelopmental characteristics of SYNGAP1
Authors: Bednarczuk Nadja , Housby Harriet , Lee Irene O. , Consortium IMAGINE , Skuse David , Wolstencroft Jeanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
SYNGAP1 variants are associated with varying degrees of intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD), epilepsy, autism, and behavioural difficulties. These features may also be observed in other monogenic conditions. There is a need to systematically compare the characteristics of SYNGAP1 with other monogenic causes of ID and DD to identify features unique to the SYNAGP1 phenotype. We aimed to contrast the neurodevelopmental and behavioural phenotype of children with SYNGAP1-related ID (SYNGAP1-ID) to children with other monogenic conditions and a matched degree of ID.

Methods
Participants were identified from the IMAGINE-ID study, a UK-based, national cohort study of neuropsychiatric risk in children with ID of known genetic origin. Thirteen children with SYNGAP1 variants (age 4–16 years; 85% female) were matched (2:1) with 26 controls with other monogenic causes of ID for chronological and mental age, sex, socio-economic deprivation, adaptive behaviour, and physical health difficulties. Caregivers completed the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) and physical health questionnaires.

Results
Our results demonstrate that seizures affected children with SYNGAP1-ID (84.6%) more frequently than the ID-comparison group (7.6%; p =  < 0.001). Fine-motor development was disproportionally impaired in SYNGAP1-ID, with 92.3% of children experiencing difficulties compared to 50% of ID-comparisons(p = 0.03). Gross motor and social development did not differ between the two groups. Children with SYNGAP1-ID were more likely to be non-verbal (61.5%) than ID-comparisons (23.1%; p = 0.01). Those children able to speak, spoke their first words at the same age as the ID-comparison group (mean = 3.25 years), yet achieved lower language competency (p = 0.04). Children with SYNGAP1-ID compared to the ID-comparison group were not more likely to meet criteria for autism (SYNGAP1-ID = 46.2%; ID-comparison = 30.7%; p = .35), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (15.4%;15.4%; p = 1), generalised anxiety (7.7%;15.4%; p = .49) or oppositional defiant disorder (7.7%;0%; p = .15).

Conclusion
For the first time, we demonstrate that SYNGAP1-ID is associated with fine motor and language difficulties beyond those experienced by children with other genetic causes of DD and ID. Targeted occupational and speech and language therapies should be incorporated early into SYNGAP1-ID management.
β-Aminobutyric acid promotes stress tolerance, physiological adjustments, as well as broad epigenetic changes at DNA and RNA nucleobases in field elms (Ulmus minor)
Authors: Hoenicka Hans , Bein Susanne , Starczak Marta , Graf Wolfgang , Hanelt Dieter , Gackowski Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) has been successfully used to prime stress resistance in numerous plant species; however, its effectiveness in forest trees has been poorly explored thus far. This study aimed to investigate the influence of BABA on morphological, physiological, and epigenetic parameters in field elms under various growth conditions. Epigenetic changes were assessed in both DNA and RNA through the use of reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with sensitive mass spectrometry.

Results
The presented results confirm the influence of BABA on the development, physiology, and stress tolerance in field elms. However, the most important findings are related to the broad epigenetic changes promoted by this amino acid, which involve both DNA and RNA. Our findings confirm, for the first time, that BABA influences not only well-known epigenetic markers in plants, such as 5-methylcytosine, but also several other non-canonical nucleobases, such as 5-hydroxymethyluracil, 5-formylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, N6-methyladenine, uracil (in DNA) and thymine (in RNA). The significant effect on the levels of N6-methyladenine, the main bacterial epigenetic marker, is particularly noteworthy. In this case, the question arises as to whether this effect is due to epigenetic changes in the microbiome, the plant genome, or both.

Conclusions
The plant phenotype is the result of complex interactions between the plant’s DNA, the microbiome, and the environment. We propose that different types of epigenetic changes in the plant and microbiome may play important roles in the largely unknown memory process that enables plants to adapt faster to changing environmental conditions.
Ultrasound evaluation of cardiac and diaphragmatic function at different positions during a spontaneous breathing trial predicting extubation outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Luo Ling , Li Yidan , Wang Lifang , Sun Bing , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The ratio (E/Ea) of mitral Doppler inflow velocity to annular tissue Doppler wave velocity by transthoracic echocardiography and diaphragmatic excursion (DE) by diaphragm ultrasound have been confirmed to predict extubation outcomes. However, few studies focused on the predicting value of E/Ea and DE at different positions during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), as well as the effects of △E/Ea and △DE (changes in E/Ea and DE during a SBT).

Methods
This study was a reanalysis of the data of 60 difficult-to-wean patients in a previous study published in 2017. All eligible participants were organized into respiratory failure (RF) group and extubation success (ES) group within 48 h after extubation, or re-intubation (RI) group and non-intubation (NI) group within 1 week after extubation. The risk factors for respiratory failure and re-intubation including E/Ea and △E/Ea, DE and △DE at different positions were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of E/Ea (septal, lateral, average) and DE (right, left, average) were compared with each other, respectively.

Results
Of the 60 patients, 29 cases developed respiratory failure within 48 h, and 14 of those cases required re-intubation within 1 week. Multivariate logistic regression showed that E/Ea were all associated with respiratory failure, while only DE (right) and DE (average) after SBT were related to re-intubation. There were no statistic differences among the ROC curves of E/Ea at different positions, nor between the ROC curves of DE. No statistical differences were shown in △E/Ea between RF and ES groups, while △DE (average) was remarkably higher in NI group than that in RI group. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that △DE (average) was not associated with re-intubation.

Conclusions
E/Ea at different positions during a SBT could predict postextubation respiratory failure with no statistical differences among them. Likewise, only DE (right) and DE (average) after SBT might predict re-intubation with no statistical differences between each other.