bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of elastic nanocomposites for craniofacial contraction osteogenesis
Authors: Levi‐Polyachenko Nicole , Rosenbalm Tabitha , Kuthirummal Narayanan , Shelton Julie , Hardin Worth , Teruel Maria , Hobley Eboni , Wang Rui , Day Cynthia , Narayanan Vishnu , David Lisa , Wagner William D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDevelopment of resorbable elastic composites as an alternative means to apply contractive forces for manipulating craniofacial bones is described herein. Composites made from the biodegradable elastomer, poly (1,8‐octanediol co‐citric acid) (POC), and hydroxyapatite (nHA) with a 200 nm diameter (0–20% loadings) were created to develop a material capable of applying continuous contractive forces. The composites were evaluated for variation in their mechanical properties, rate of degradation, and interaction of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with the polymer chains. First, an ex vivo porcine model of cleft palate was used to determine the rate of cleft closure with applied force. The closure rate was found to be 0.505 mm N−1. From this approximation, the ideal maximum load was calculated to be 19.82 N, and the elastic modulus calculated to be 1.98 MPa. The addition of nHA strengthens POC, but also reduces the degradation time by 45%, for 3% nHA loading, compared to POC without nHA. X‐ray diffraction data indicates that the addition of nHA to amorphous POC results in the formation of a semicrystalline phase of the POC adjacent to the nHA crystals. Based on the data, we conclude that amongst the 0–20% nHA loadings, a 3% loading of nHA in POC may be an ideal material (1.21 MPa elastic modulus and 13.17 N maximum load) to induce contraction forces capable of facilitating osteogenesis and craniofacial bone repair. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 407–416, 2015.
Laparotomy closure using an elastic suture: A promising approach
Authors: Lambertz A. , Vogels R. R. M. , Busch D. , Schuster P. , Jockenhövel S. , Neumann U. P. , Klinge U. , Klink C. D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground: Midline laparotomy wound failure like burst abdomen remains one of the major complications after abdominal surgery. The use of sutures with a closer resemblance to abdominal wall physiology, like elastic threads, could decrease the risk of these complications occurring. Thus, we evaluated the possibility of using a new elastic thread composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a suture for the closure of midline laparotomies compared to conventionally used polypropylene (PP) in a rabbit model. Methods: The elastic TPU thread was processed and tensile tests were performed. Twenty female chinchilla rabbits underwent midline laparotomy. They were randomized to a TPU and a PP group depending on the suture used for fascia closure. After 7 or 21 days, the abdominal walls were assessed macroscopically for wound healing complications and were explanted for histopathological investigation. Results: Tensile tests showed a mean elastic elongation of 55.5% and a sufficient material strength of the TPU thread. In animal experiments, there was no difference between the groups at 7 days; however, the TPU suture showed significantly less CD68 positive cells (p < 0.001) and a higher collagen I/III ratio (p = 0.011) than PP did after 21 days. The amount of apoptotic cells was significantly elevated in the TPU group (p = 0.007) after 21 days. No differences were found concerning granuloma size and number of Ki67‐positive cells. Conclusions: The newly developed TPU thread shows promising tensile characteristics. Midline laparotomy closure is feasible and safe in a rabbit model. Immunohistochemistry indicates similar biocompatibility and wound healing after implantation compared to PP after 21 days. To confirm these findings and to proof long‐term capability further studies need to be conducted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 417–423, 2015.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and vermicompost to maximize the production of foliar biomolecules in Passiflora alata Curtis seedlings
Authors: Oliveira Melquisedec S , Campos Maryluce AS , Silva Fábio SB 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil organisms that associate with plant roots and promote plant growth, increasing the concentration of secondary metabolites, which are molecules of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Passiflora alata is a Brazilian medicinal plant that is used as a raw material for anxiolytic phytotherapeutic agents. The anxiolytic properties are related to the presence of biomolecules in the plant material, principally flavonoids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with AMF and organic fertilization on the production of soluble carbohydrates and total foliar proteins, phenols and flavonoids in P. alata seedlings.RESULTSThere was an effect of the tested treatments on the analyzed variables. Seedlings inoculated and cultivated in soil to which 0.15 kg vermicompost kg−1 had been added showed increased growth and production of primary and secondary metabolites compared with treatments with lower levels of manure, which did not differ from those cultivated in soil with 0.2 kg vermicompost kg−1.CONCLUSIONThe inoculation of P. alata seedlings with Gigaspora albida is an alternative to maximize the production of pharmacologically important foliar biomolecules, especially flavonoids, with benefits that vary in accordance with the fertility of the soil. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Motor progression of Parkinson's disease with the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 G2019S mutation
Authors: Yahalom Gilad , Orlev Yael , Cohen Oren S. , Kozlova Evgenia , Friedman Eitan , Inzelberg Rivka , Hassin‐Baer Sharon 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionIn this retrospective study, we compared motor disease progression in Ashkenazi‐Jewish (AJ) Parkinson's disease (PD) patients carrying the LRRK2*G2019S mutation with that of noncarriers.MethodsConsecutive PD patients were recruited between 2004 and 2011. Disease progression of carriers versus noncarriers was compared using survival analysis, where the end‐point was the time from PD onset to reaching Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 (HY3).ResultsOverall, 405 AJ PD patients (males = 241[60%]) were genotyped, of whom 60 (males = 30) were LRRK2*G2019S mutation carriers. Time to HY3 did not differ significantly between mutation carriers and noncarriers (hazard ratio = 1.21, 95%CI = 0.83‐1.77, P = 0.33). Age at PD onset was younger for carriers than for noncarriers (59.1 ± 9.8 vs. 63.2 ± 12.0 years, respectively; P = 0.005). In both groups, young age at onset was strongly associated with longer time to HY3, (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe LRRK2*G2019S mutation status has no discernible effect on the rate of motor disease progression in AJ PD patients. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Chemikalien für Fracking
Authors: Plank Johann , Echt Timon 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFracking ist eine seit Jahrzehnten bekannte Methode, um konventionelle Kohlenwasserstofflagerstätten besser zu entölen. Erst durch die relativ neue Anwendung im Schiefergestein gelangte das Verfahren ins Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit — und in die Kritik.
Licht für Medizin und Diagnostik
Authors: Griesbeck Axel , Ihmels Heiko , Licha Kai , Mielke Tamara , Senge Mathias , Strehmel Bernd , Wöll Dominik 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTumortherapie, bildgebende Diagnostik, Fluoreszenzmikroskopie und schaltbare Materialien nutzen und profitieren von photochemischen und photophysikalischen Methoden.
Schmieren und schalten mit flüssigen Salzen
Authors: Hausen Florian , Bennewitz Roland 
Published: June 2014

AbstractReibung lässt sich elektrochemisch kontrollieren. Mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten elektrochemisch gesteuerte Reibvorgänge könnten in kleinskaligen, miniaturisierten Kontakten herkömmliche Schmiermittel ersetzen.
Für Krieg und Frieden — Nernst im Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Bartel Hans‐Georg 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWalther Nernst war gerade 50 Jahre alt geworden, als im Jahr 1914 der Erste Weltkrieg begann. Wie viele andere Wissenschaftler unterstützte er den Krieg — auch und gerade die Entwicklung moderner Waffen. Gleichzeitig bemühte er sich um einen Friedensschluss.
Slope stability analyzing using recent swarm intelligence techniques
Authors: Gandomi Amir H. , Kashani Ali R. , Mousavi Mehdi , Jalalvandi Mehdi 
Published: June 2014

SummarySlope stability analysis of soil with a weak layer sandwiched between two strong layers is considered as a complex geotechnical problem. In this problem, the objective function is non‐convex and discontinuous with the presence of multiple strong local minima. Classical optimization techniques fail to converge to a valid solution unless a proper initial trial is adopted. Even though many new optimization algorithms have emerged, they have not been applied to geotechnical problems yet. In the present study, some recent swarm intelligence algorithms are adopted for some complicated example of slope stability problems and benchmarked with the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm. From the results, it seems the levy flight krill herd algorithm is the most efficient method over proposed algorithms for this kind of problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐speed flow‐based classification on FPGA
Authors: Groléat Tristan , Vaton Sandrine , Arzel Matthieu 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYAnalyzing the composition of Internet traffic has many applications nowadays, like tracking bandwidth‐consuming applications, QoS‐based traffic engineering and lawful interception of illegal traffic. Even though many flow‐based classification methods, such as support vector machines (SVM), have demonstrated their accuracy, few practical implementations of lightweight classifiers exist. We consider in this paper the design of a real‐time SVM traffic classifier at hundreds of Gb/s to allow online detection of categories of applications. We also implement a high‐speed flow reconstruction algorithm able to handle one million concurrent flows. The solution is based on the massive parallelism and low‐level network interface access of FPGA boards. We find maximum supported bit rates up to 408 Gb/s for classification and up to 20 GB/s for flow reconstruction for the most challenging trace. Results are confirmed using a commercial Combov2 board with a Virtex 5 FPGA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical application of noninvasive prenatal testing for the detection of trisomies 21, 18, and 13: a hospital experience
Authors: Zhou Qiyin , Pan Ling , Chen Songchang , Chen Fang , Hwang Rosa , Yang Xiaonan , Wang Wei , Jiang Jingyi , Xu Jian , Huang Hefeng , Xu Chenming 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study is to report the clinical application of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to detect chromosomal aneuploidies, especially trisomies 21, 18, and 13 in Chinese singleton pregnancies.MethodsPilot validation between NIPT with full karyotyping was conducted blindly on 306 cases. Subsequently, 7705 pregnancies were offered with NIPT. Follow‐up data was obtained in all cases.ResultsIn the validation stage, a total of five NIPT positive cases were observed for trisomies 21 and 18, and results were confirmed by karyotyping; there were no cases of trisomy 13. Thus, the overall sensitivity and specificity in the validation stage was 100%. In 7705 cases, NIPT results were obtained in 7701 cases; 66 cases were classified as positive, including 48 cases of trisomy 21, 14 cases of trisomy 18, and 4 cases of trisomy 13. Subsequent karyotyping documented two false positive diagnoses for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of trisomies 21 and 18 and 13 were 100% and 99.9%, respectively. Additionally, prenatal chromosomal detection for pregnancies with NIPT has shown a gradual increase since its implementation.ConclusionNoninvasive prenatal testing allows a more suitable and efficient workflow for our patients' needs, together with invasive procedures allows a higher prenatal detection of chromosomal aneuploidies. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Continuous‐Infusion Loop Diuretics in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Miller Jamie L. , Thomas Amber N. , Johnson Peter N. 
Published: June 2014

Loop diuretics are commonly used in critically ill children to achieve appropriate fluid balance. They are often administered as a continuous intravenous infusion (CI) in hemodynamically unstable children because of fewer alterations in central venous pressure, oxygen saturation, and heart rate compared with scheduled intermittent dosing. During the past few years, however, drug shortages have been reported for bumetanide, torsemide, and furosemide. Therefore, to explore the use of alternative agents forCI, we performed a literature search to identify articles evaluating the use of furosemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, and torsemideCIin critically ill children. The search was limited to English‐language articles in theMEDLINE(1946–December 2013),EMBASE(1980–December 2013), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–December 2013) databases and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2005–December 2013). Reference citations from relevant articles were also reviewed. A total of 10 reports representing 173 pediatric patients were included in the analysis. Most of the reports provided evidence for furosemide, and no reports with torsemide were identified. Wide variability inCIdosing was reported in these studies. When selecting the loop diureticCIfor critically ill patients, clinicians should consider their adverse‐event profiles, compatibility with other concomitant intravenous infusions, and pharmacoeconomics. Fluid balance and urine output should be monitored routinely to ensure appropriate response. The lowest initial dose should be used to achieve an appropriate fluid balance and target urine output of 1–3 ml/kg/hour while limiting the likelihood of toxicity.
Modeling the maximum power output of a distributed PV fleet
Authors: Wirth Georg , Lorenz Elke , Spring Andreas , Becker Gerd , Pardatscher Robert , Witzmann Rolf 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn areas with a high (photovoltaic) PV penetration, the installed PV capacity is the decisive factor in network planning. This article discusses meteorological impacts on distribution networks in these areas. The focus thereby is to determine the maximum feed‐in power of a distributed PV fleet. Therefore, a meteorological classification of the situations with maximum feed‐in is presented. With these results, the maximum feed‐in power is calculated for Germany. The maximum feed‐in of a distributed PV fleet is found for clear sky situations with a limit of 85% of the installed standard test condition power. This limit could be confirmed by the analysis of measured PV power feed‐in and its impact on the voltage levels in a distribution grid. The investigations are based on the analysis of data from a very detailed measurement campaign in a distribution grid with very high PV penetration in southern Germany. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential response to antipsychotics in a patient with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rachis Dina , Shankar Kuttalingam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRisperidone is the only antipsychotic currently licensed for the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Drs Rachis and Shankar describe the case of an elderly man with Alzheimer's disease who developed behavioural symptoms and delusions, who responded well to aripiprazole after treatment with risperidone failed.
Transient psychotic episodes following recreational use of NRG‐3
Authors: Kihara Rhiannon , Day Edward 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe increased availability of novel psychoactive substances or ‘legal highs’ over the internet has made screening for recreational drug use much more difficult for doctors in recent years. Here, Drs Kihara and Day describe the case of a young male patient repeatedly presenting with transient psychotic episodes who eventually revealed that each episode had followed the use of NRG‐3 obtained from the internet.
Mood stabilisers in the management of bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Sie Michele 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs part of our series on the major psychiatric medication groups, produced in association with the College of Mental Health Pharmacy (CMHP; www.cmhp.org.uk), Michele Sie discusses the choice and use of medicines in the management of bipolar affective disorder. Pharmacology, interactions and side‐effects, as well as information to give to patients, are described.
Enantioselective bioaccumulation and toxic effects of fipronil in the earthworm Eisenia foetida following soil exposure
Authors: Qin Fang , Gao Yongxin , Xu Peng , Guo Baoyuan , Li Jianzhong , Wang Huili 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnantiomers of chiral pesticides often have different bioactivity, toxicity and environmental behaviours. Fipronil has been used in racemate for agricultural purposes against soil insects, leading to increased inputs into soil environments and complex biota exposures. To understand the potential risk associated with fipronil enantiomer exposure, subchronic toxicity and bioaccumulation tests with earthworms (Eisenia foetida) in fipronil‐spiked soils were evaluated under laboratory conditions.RESULTSEnantioselective toxicity was measured in E. foetida biomass after 28 days of subchronic exposure, with increased toxicity from racemate and S‐fipronil compared with R‐fipronil. The bioaccumulation of fipronil in earthworm tissues was also enantioselective, with a preferential accumulation of S‐fipronil, and the enantiomer fraction was approximately 0.56–0.60. During soil exposure, fipronil was transformed primarily into fipronil sulfide, sulfone and amide, and E. foetida rapidly accumulated fipronil and sulfone.CONCLUSIONThis work demonstrates the enantioselective subchronic toxicity and bioaccumulation of enantiomers of fipronil in E. foetida. The earthworm tissues exhibited a relative enrichment of fipronil and fipronil sulfone, and these compounds might biomagnify (with a biota‐to‐soil accumulation factor of ≥1.0 ), allowing for the possible trophic transfer and/or bioaccumulation of all these chemicals if earthworms were consumed by predator organisms. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Running wheel exercise before a binge regimen of methamphetamine does not protect against striatal dopaminergic damage
Authors: O'dell Steven J. , Marshall John F. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTRepeated administration of methamphetamine (mAMPH) to rodents in a single‐day “binge” dosing regimen produces long‐lasting damage to forebrain dopaminergic nerve terminals as measured by decreases in tissue dopamine (DA) content and levels of the plasmalemmal DA transporter (DAT). However, the midbrain cell bodies from which the DA terminals arise survive, and previous reports show that striatal DA markers return to control levels by 12 months post‐mAMPH, suggesting long‐term repair or regrowth of damaged DA terminals. We previously showed that when rats engaged in voluntary aerobic exercise for 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after a binge regimen of mAMPH, exercise significantly ameliorated mAMPH‐induced decreases in striatal DAT. However, these data left unresolved the question of whether exercise protected against the initial neurotoxicity from the mAMPH binge or accelerated the repair of the damaged DA terminals. The present experiments were designed to test whether exercise protects against the mAMPH‐induced injury. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were allowed to run in wheels for 3 weeks before an acute binge regimen of mAMPH or saline, then placed into nonwheel cages for an additional week before autoradiographic determination of striatal DAT binding. The autoradiographic findings showed that prior exercise provided no protection against mAMPH‐induced damage to striatal DA terminals. These results, together with analyses from our previous experiments, suggest that voluntary exercise may accelerate the repair of mAMPH‐damaged DA terminals and that voluntary exercise may be useful as therapeutic adjunct in the treatment mAMPH addicts. Synapse, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pseudodynamic test and numerical simulation of a large direct air‐cooling structure
Authors: Xu Yazhou , Bai Guoliang , Zhu Jianing 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn this study, pseudodynamic test was performed to evaluate the seismic performance of air‐cooling structures built in the high‐intensity earthquake fortification zones. The testing prototype was designed with the scale factor of 1/8, and the structural responses subjected to five peak ground accelerations (PGAs) were investigated followed by a cyclic test. Experimental results, including the lateral displacements, strains and crack patterns, were recorded and presented. The experimental load–displacement hysteretic loops subjected to the cyclic displacement history indicate that the direct air‐cooling structure exhibits a good seismic performance with a displacement ductility factor greater than 4. It is particularly noted that the structural integrity is well enhanced by the inter‐column connections, which are composed by using the steel truss and diagonal braces, and these steel members mainly remain elastic throughout the testing process. The natural period and the equivalent viscous damping ratio of the first‐order mode are also identified on the basis of the test results, which are utilized to calibrate the finite element model. In addition, the predicted lateral displacements based on a damaged plasticity model of concrete agree well with the experimental results. Both the lateral bearing capacity and ductility of the model demonstrate that the direct air‐cooling structure meets the seismic design requirement with respect to the high‐intensity earthquakes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal relationships between deer harvest and deer–vehicle collisions at Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee
Authors: Muller Lisa I. , Hackworth Amanda M. , Giffen Neil R. , Evans James W. , Henning Jason , Hickling Graham J. , Allen Phillip 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWhite‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)–vehicle collisions (DVCs) are increasing as human and deer populations continue to grow. Deer harvest was implemented at Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee (ORR) in 1985 to reduce DVCs. We assessed the relationship between DVCs at ORR to deer harvest, road type, and habitat features (forest, field, water, and developed cover types) during 1986–2008 using Poisson regression analysis and Akaike Information Criterion modeling. We also evaluated DVC numbers for the city of Oak Ridge and ORR during 1975–2008 to examine the effects of moon phase, employee work‐shift timing, and season on DVCs. From 1975 to 2008, 4,637 DVCs occurred in Oak Ridge and ORR, with monthly DVCs peaking each November. Most DVCs occurred at the start of the workday. Annual DVC totals peaked at 273 in 1985; deer harvest was then implemented and DVCs declined. No harvest occurred in 2001 and DVCs increased for the next 2 years. A model including harvest, road type and distance, development, and water features received full support for explaining DVC occurrence. Harvest in the previous year was positively related to DVCs, likely reflecting higher hunter success with higher deer density. Higher traffic volume and speed were positively related to DVCs. There was no effect of moon phase for all records combined; however, analysis by season and gender showed a positive relationship to collisions for male deer during the gestation period (1 Jan–14 May), which may have been associated with dispersal. We recommend continued deer harvest and driver education to reduce DVCs. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.