bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Telerehabilitation-Monitored Functional Electrical Stimulation on Walking and Quality of Life in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Series
Authors: Gann Elliot J. , Mañago Mark M. , Allen Diane D. , Celnikier Elie , Block Valerie J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Foot drop in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly leads to decreased mobility and quality of life (QOL). Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the peroneal nerve can improve the gait of people with foot drop, yet various barriers restrict widespread use. The purpose of this case series was to examine the feasibility of a telerehabilitation-monitored FES device and report changes in functional mobility and QOL in people with moderate MS-related disability.

METHODS:
FES use was progressed over 8 weeks via 3 telerehabilitation sessions. Feasibility of telerehabilitation was assessed by percentage of telerehabilitation visits completed and participant-reported satisfaction. At baseline and study completion, functional mobility with and without FES were assessed by the Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT), Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), and the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). Fatigue was assessed via the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) before and after the intervention.

RESULTS:
Eleven participants (mean age = 50.4 years [SD 10.8]; 2 males) completed the study. All (33/33) telerehabilitation visits were completed and participants attained high levels of satisfaction with no adverse events. At 8 weeks, compared to baseline, there were clinically meaningful improvements on the T25FW, 2MWT, and TUG for 45%, 55%, and 82% of participants, respectively. Clinically meaningful improvements on the MSIS-29 and MSWS-12 were also recorded for 64% and 36% of participants, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Telerehabilitation was safe and feasible for FES intervention, and improvements in functional mobility and QOL were observed. Telerehabilitation to monitor FES may improve access and reduce patient burden; therefore, studying its efficacy is warranted.
Os subtibiale displacement secondary to pronation-external rotation ankle injury: A case report
Authors: Aydin Deniz , Kucukciloglu Yasemin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Os subtibiale is a rare accessory ossicle of the ankle, considered not of clinical significance. But its presence in trauma patients may cause misdiagnosis as malleolar fracture and over-treatment. Because the ossicle is attached to the deltoid ligament, ankle trauma that cause medial compartment injury may detach os subtibiale from medial malleolus. In these situations, MR imaging may help to diagnose the deltoid injury, demonstrate the features of the ossicle, and guide treatment.
Effects of semaglutide on gut microbiota, cognitive function and inflammation in obese mice
Authors: Feng Jing , Teng Zhenjie , Yang Yu , Liu Jingzhen , Chen Shuchun 
Published: August 2024

Objective
This study aims to investigate the effects of semaglutide on gut microbiota, cognitive function, and inflammation in obese mice.

Method
Twenty-four C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned to three groups: a normal-chow diet group (NCD, n = 8), high-fat diet group (HFD, n = 8), and HFD+semaglutide group (Sema, n = 8). The mice were fed a HFD to establish an animal model of obesity and then administered with semaglutide or saline for 12 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze test. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to explore gut microbiota characteristics in obese mice.

Result
Obese mice showed significant cognitive impairment and inflammation. Semaglutide improved cognitive function and attenuated inflammation induced by a HFD diet. The abundance of gut microbiota was significantly changed in the HFD group, including decreased Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002, Clostridia_UCG_014 and increased Romboutsia, Dubosiella, Enterorhabdus. Whereas semaglutide could dramatically reverse the relative abundance of these gut microbiota. Correlation analysis suggested that cognitive function was positively correlated with Muribaculaceae and Clostridia_UCG_014, and negatively associated with Romboutsia and Dubosiella. Romboutsia was positively correlated with TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β. While Clostridia_UCG_014 was negatively related to TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β.

Conclusions
For the first time semaglutide displayed different regulatory effects on HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Semaglutide could regulate the structure and composition of gut microbiota associated with cognitive function and inflammation. Thus, affecting gut microbiota might be a potential mechanism of semaglutide in attenuating cognitive function and inflammation.
An Unusual Case of CNS Tuberculoma in a 19-Year-Old Man
Authors: Efe Ubogun Ogheakpobor , Dutta Olivia , Garg Pawan , Zafar Shumaila 
Published: August 2024

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is ranked as one of the top 10 causes of death. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB) infection, the causative organism for TB affects approximately a quarter of the global population placing a burden on the healthcare system. Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) is seen in 5 to 10% of extrapulmonary TB cases and has the highest mortality. CNS tuberculoma is one of its manifestation. Clinical presentation of CNS tuberculoma depends on its location within the CNS and commonly include headache, seizures, and focal neurological deficits, due to the presence of a space occupying lesion, although patients can be asymptomatic. We report the case of a 19yr old man who had an unusual presentation of CNS tuberculoma, highlighting its clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.
Case Presentation: Index patient is a 19-year-old male college student who resides in a city. He presented with 15 days history of fever, headache, vomiting, vertigo, ataxia, and inability to concentrate. He received antimalarial, anti typhoid and body booster medications but had no improvement and had a history of weight loss despite no dietary change. He had never been diagnosed with TB and had all his childhood vaccinations given. Plain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain scan done revealed a posterior fossa mass lesion with perilesional edema. Futher, a contrast MRI brain scan showed multiple ring-enhancing conglomerates of lesion around the tentorium on the posterior fossa with intense contrast enhancement. The largest of this mass measured 4.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm in the right superior cerebellum compressing the 4th ventricle and with effacement of the cerebellopontine angle. Lastly, an MRI spectrometry revealed elevated lipid lactate peak. His chest x-ray was unremarkable. Other blood parameters were essentially within range with the exception of Erythrocyte ESR and mantoux test. He received antitubercular drug (Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Levoflox and Streptomycin) for 18th months with complete remission.
Conclusion: CNS tuberculomas are tuberculous masses that can be located anywhere from the brain to spinal cord. Advanced diagnostic modalities may guide clinicians towards making it's diagnosis. Treatment maybe medical (use of antitubercular drugs) or surgical excision with medical therapy being first choice. While the index patient had no obvious risk factors for his disease, his BCG vaccination pose a possible source of his exposure to TB infection. More research is needed on this however.
Climate field reconstruction uncertainty arising from multivariate and nonlinear properties of predictors
Authors: Evans M. N. , Smerdon J. E. , Kaplan A. , Tolwinski‐Ward S. E. , González‐Rouco J. F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractClimate field reconstructions (CFRs) of the global annual surface air temperature (SAT) field and associated global area‐weighted mean annual temperature (GMAT) are derived in a collection of pseudoproxy experiments for the past millennium. Pseudoproxies are modeled from temperature (T), precipitation (P), T+P, and VS‐Lite (VSL), a nonlinear and multivariate proxy system model for tree ring widths. Spatial patterns of reconstruction skill and spectral bias for the T+P and VSL‐derived CFRs are similar to those previously shown using temperature‐only pseudoproxies but demonstrate overall degraded skill and spectral bias for SAT reconstruction. Analysis of GMAT spectra nevertheless suggests that the true GMAT frequency spectrum is resolved by those pseudoproxies (T, T+P, and VSL) that contain some temperature information. The results suggest that mixed temperature and moisture‐responding paleoclimate data may produce actual GMAT reconstructions with skill, error, and spectral characteristics like those expected from univariate and linear temperature responders, but spatially resolved CFR results should be analyzed cautiously.
Potential sea ice predictability and the role of stochastic sea ice strength perturbations
Authors: Juricke Stephan , Goessling Helge F. , Jung Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEnsemble experiments with a climate model are carried out in order to explore how incorporating a stochastic ice strength parameterization to account for model uncertainty affects estimates of potential sea ice predictability on time scales from days to seasons. The impact of this new parameterization depends strongly on the spatial scale, lead time and the hemisphere being considered: Whereas the representation of model uncertainty increases the ensemble spread of Arctic sea ice thickness predictions generated by atmospheric initial perturbations up to about 4 weeks into the forecast, rather small changes are found for longer lead times as well as integrated quantities such as total sea ice area. The regions where initial condition uncertainty generates spread in sea ice thickness on subseasonal time scales (primarily along the ice edge) differ from that of the stochastic sea ice strength parameterization (along the coast lines and in the interior of the Arctic). For the Antarctic the influence of the stochastic sea ice strength parameterization is much weaker due to the predominance of thinner first year ice. These results suggest that sea ice data assimilation and prediction on subseasonal time scales could benefit from taking model uncertainty into account, especially in the Arctic.
Inter‐annual and decadal fluctuations of the Kuroshio in East China Sea and connection with surface fluxes of momentum and heat
Authors: Wang Jia , Oey Lie‐Yauw 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDespite attempts in the literature to link large‐scale wind to long‐term variations of the Kuroshio in East China Sea (ECS), the driving mechanism(s) are unknown. Here we use satellite altimetry data, wind, surface heat fluxes and sea‐surface temperatures (SST) to explain the low‐frequency fluctuations of Kuroshio path (KP) in ECS. The dominant fluctuations occur northeast of Taiwan. The KP correlates best with the PTO index of Chang and Oey (2012), less with the PDO index and a Kuroshio transport index, and poorly with other climate indices. The forcing are wind stress curl and surface heat flux northeast of Taiwan, which produce a thermocline tilt along the Kuroshio. Shelf's SST warms and cools in response to onshore and offshore KP, but prominent change occurs at a localized coastal zone shoreward of the above dominant KP‐fluctuations. Over the past 2 decades, the KP has shifted onshore, coincident with a coastal warming trend.
Kilometer‐scale topographic roughness of Mercury: Correlation with geologic features and units
Authors: Kreslavsky Mikhail A. , Head James W. , Neumann Gregory A. , Zuber Maria T. , Smith David E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present maps of the topographic roughness of the northern circumpolar area of Mercury at kilometer scales. The maps are derived from range profiles obtained by the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) instrument onboard the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission. As measures of roughness, we used the interquartile range of profile curvature at three baselines: 0.7 km, 2.8 km, and 11 km. The maps provide a synoptic overview of variations of typical topographic textures. They show a dichotomy between the smooth northern plains and rougher, more heavily cratered terrains. Analysis of the scale dependence of roughness indicates that the regolith on Mercury is thicker than on the Moon by approximately a factor of three. Roughness contrasts within northern volcanic plains of Mercury indicate a younger unit inside Goethe basin and inside another unnamed stealth basin. These new data permit interplanetary comparisons of topographic roughness.
Re‐Evaluating the Sustainability of Energy Systems: The Nexus of Energy, Water, and Land‐Use
Authors: Stigson Peter , Roth Susanna , Karlsson Anja 
Published: November 2014

AbstractScenarios for global developments typically point to a sharp increase in demand for energy as well as for water and land. These developments have a starting point where global ecosystems are already being exploited unsustainably. This has implications for energy systems, which can be designed as more or less water and land‐use intensive. However, evaluating the sustainability of energy systems commonly do not take water and land‐use systems into account. This presents a problem as these three systems—energy, water, land—are intrinsically linked, which provides both barriers and opportunities for these systems' individual as well as collective sustainability. More comprehensive evaluations of energy systems that acknowledge the system interlinkages are therefore needed. This has become known as applying anexus approach. The idea behind the nexus approach is to increase system synergies and resilience through jointly analyzing ecosystem capacities, drivers for resource use, development objectives, capacities to manage linked systems, and the need for new knowledge. This provides a comprehensive perspective on the restrictions and freedom we have in governing, designing, and using the social, technical, and ecological systems. The article thus presents a nexus approach and provides an understanding of challenges for the sustainability of energy systems from a broad system perspective.
Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Allenyl Aldehydes with Alkynes and Related Cyclization
Authors: Oonishi Yoshihiro , Saito Akira , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRhodium(I)‐catalyzed cyclization of allenyl aldehydes with various alkynes was investigated. The cyclizations of internal alkynes that have both an electron‐rich aromatic ring and an electron‐withdrawing group at the terminus afforded [2+2+2] cycloaddition products in good yields with good to high regio‐ and enantioselectivity, while the reactions of terminal alkynes gave dienyl ketones instead of [2+2+2] cycloaddition products in good yields. These results indicate that the nature of the alkynes greatly influences the reaction course.
Center of mass mechanics of chimpanzee bipedal walking
Authors: Demes Brigitte , Thompson Nathan E. , O'Neill Matthew C. , Umberger Brian R. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCenter of mass (CoM) oscillations were documented for 81 bipedal walking strides of three chimpanzees. Full‐stride ground reaction forces were recorded as well as kinematic data to synchronize force to gait events and to determine speed. Despite being a bent‐hip, bent‐knee (BHBK) gait, chimpanzee walking uses pendulum‐like motion with vertical oscillations of the CoM that are similar in pattern and relative magnitude to those of humans. Maximum height is achieved during single support and minimum height during double support. The mediolateral oscillations of the CoM are more pronounced relative to stature than in human walking when compared at the same Froude speed. Despite the pendular nature of chimpanzee bipedalism, energy recoveries from exchanges of kinetic and potential energies are low on average and highly variable. This variability is probably related to the poor phasic coordination of energy fluctuations in these facultatively bipedal animals. The work on the CoM per unit mass and distance (mechanical cost of transport) is higher than that in humans, but lower than that in bipedally walking monkeys and gibbons. The pronounced side sway is not passive, but constitutes 10% of the total work of lifting and accelerating the CoM. CoM oscillations of bipedally walking chimpanzees are distinctly different from those of BHBK gait of humans with a flat trajectory, but this is often described as “chimpanzee‐like” walking. Human BHBK gait is a poor model for chimpanzee bipedal walking and offers limited insights for reconstructing early hominin gait evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:422–433, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical‐vapor‐sensitive materials based on a multiwalled carbon nanotube/hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose/cellulose composite
Authors: Liu Kaihua , He Beihai , Qian Liying , Li Junrong 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA type of chemical vapor‐sensing material made from multiwalled carbon nanotubes/hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose/cellulose composite films were prepared in the room‐temperature ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl). A typical negative vapor coefficient was observed when the film was placed in polar organic solvents, such as methanol and ethanol. The sensitivity of the film to vapors increased significantly with increasing temperature. Interestingly, the resistance of the films increased almost linearly with decreasing vacuum, and the changes in resistance with the vacuum show good repeatability. The surface morphology, thermostability, and stress–strain properties of the composite films were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and an electrical universal testing machine, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41639.
A solvothermal method to synthesize fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and application to photocatalysis and electrocatalysis
Authors: Hongren Li , Feng Li , Aimin Deng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA novel solvothermal approach to synthesize fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) was developed using glucose and ammonium oxalate as the carbon source, and glycol as the solvent. The solution of as‐prepared CNPs emitted blue‐green fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) light at 365 nm, and the carbon nanoparticle formation was investigated through XRD, TEM, DLS, FT‐IR, UV, PL, XPS. The particle was well dispersed with an average diameter of about 10–30 nm. In contrast with previous methods, in this synthesis process neither strong acid treatment nor further surface modification was necessary. The solution of as‐prepared CNPs were applied to photocatalytic degradation of mountain green in the present H2O2, and the decolorization rate was over 97% when the reaction time was more than 7 h under visible light. The as‐prepared CNPs were also applied to electrocatalysis and showed excellent electrocatalytic activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological parameters influencing the human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells' response to retinoic acid
Authors: Saraee Farnoosh , Sagha Mohsen , Mohseni Kouchesfehani Homa , Abdanipour Alireza , Maleki Masoud , Nikougoftar Mahin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHuman umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) are multipotent fetal stem cells that differentiate into various cell lineages. In recent years, they have gained attention for therapeutic applications but very little is known about their sensitivity to chemical agents such as widely used retinoic acid (RA). As a morphogen inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, RA has for a long time been known to be a potent teratogen promoting craniofacial and limb abnormality in vertebrate embryos. Here, using MTT assay and EB/AO staining as well as TUNEL assay we show that RA in a concentration‐dependent manner induces apoptosis through upregulating Caspase expression and increasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Moreover, different biological parameters such as initial time seeding, cell density, passage number and duration of RA treatment play a major role in HUCMSCs cytotoxic response to this agent. © 2014 BioFactors, 40(6):624–635, 2014
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived products: Advances towards robust, scalable and cost‐effective manufacturing strategies
Authors: Jenkins Michael J. , Farid Suzanne S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ability to develop cost‐effective, scalable and robust bioprocesses for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) will be key to their commercial success as cell therapies and tools for use in drug screening and disease modelling studies. This review outlines key process economic drivers for hPSCs and progress made on improving the economic and operational feasibility of hPSC bioprocesses. Factors influencing key cost metrics, namely capital investment and cost of goods, for hPSCs are discussed. Step efficiencies particularly for differentiation, media requirements and technology choice are amongst the key process economic drivers identified for hPSCs. Progress made to address these cost drivers in hPSC bioprocessing strategies is discussed. These include improving expansion and differentiation yields in planar and bioreactor technologies, the development of xeno‐free media and microcarrier coatings, identification of optimal bioprocess operating conditions to control cell fate and the development of directed differentiation protocols that reduce reliance on expensive morphogens such as growth factors and small molecules. These approaches offer methods to further optimise hPSC bioprocessing in terms of its commercial feasibility.
The molecular interaction of a protein in highly concentrated solution investigated by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ota Chikashi , Noguchi Shintaro , Tsumoto Kouhei 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWe used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the structure and interactions of lysozyme molecules in solution over a wide range of concentrations (2.5–300 mg ml−1). No changes in the amide‐I band were observed as the concentration was increased, but the width of the Trp band at 1555 cm−1 and the ratios of the intensities of the Tyr bands at 856 and 837 cm−1, the Trp bands at 870 and 877 cm−1, and the bands at 2940 (CH stretching) and 3420 cm−1 (OH stretching) changed as the concentration was changed. These results reveal that although the distance between lysozyme molecules changed by more than an order of magnitude over the tested concentration range, the secondary structure of the protein did not change. The changes in the molecular interactions occurred in a stepwise process as the order of magnitude of the distance between molecules changed. These results suggest that Raman bands can be used as markers to investigate the behavior of high‐concentration solutions of proteins and that the use of Raman spectroscopy will lead to progress in our understanding not only of the basic science of protein behavior under concentrated (i.e., crowded) conditions but also of practical processes involving proteins, such as in the field of biopharmaceuticals. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 237–246, 2015.