bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of isotretinoin on tooth movement, orthodontically induced and non‐orthodontic root resorption: A micro‐CT study
Authors: Gok Gulay Dumanli , Halicioglu Koray , Keles Ali , Olgac Nejat Vakur , Kayali Damla , Kaya Ozlem Tugce Cilingir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to investigate whether cumulative dose‐dependent isotretinoin (Roaccutane®) could affect orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and root resorption.Materials and MethodsNinety male Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups. While, the control (SALINE), solvent (SOYBEAN) and orthodontic drug (ISOTM) groups underwent orthodontic force, the non‐orthodontic drug group (ISO) did not. The rats were administrated saline, soybean oil (SBO) and isotretinoin diluted in SBO (ISOTM, ISO) for 30 days, respectively. Six rats were euthanized in each orthodontic group. Fifty grams of orthodontic force was applied to the remaining rats' first molars using the incisors as anchorage. Six more rats in each group were euthanized on the 7th, 14th and 21st days of the force application. In the ISO group, six rats were euthanized on the 37th, 44th and 51st days of administration. Six rats that were euthanized for ISOTM on the 30th day were also used for ISO to reduce the number of rats used. Micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological analysis were performed.ResultsIndependent of orthodontic force, isotretinoin caused root resorption in the apical region. However, there was no statistically significant influence of isotretinoin on OTM and orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR).ConclusionsDespite the lack of strong evidence supporting the orthodontically induced resorptive effect of isotretinoin, this study provided findings regarding the resorptive effects of isotretinoin on non‐orthodontic root resorption. Therefore, the present results underscore the importance of close monitoring during orthodontic treatment to mitigate potential root resorption in patients who use isotretinoin because of acne complaints.
Using mechanistic knowledge to appraise contemporary approaches to the rehabilitation of upper limb function following stroke
Authors: Carson Richard G. , Hayward Kathryn S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is a paradox of neurological rehabilitation that, in an era in which preclinical models have produced significant advances in our mechanistic understanding of neural plasticity, there is inadequate support for many therapies recommended for use in clinical practice. When the goal is to estimate the probability that a specific form of therapy will have a positive clinical effect, the integration of mechanistic knowledge (concerning ‘the structure or way of working of the parts in a natural system’) may improve the quality of inference. This is illustrated by analysis of three contemporary approaches to the rehabilitation of lateralized dysfunction affecting people living with stroke: constraint‐induced movement therapy; mental practice; and mirror therapy. Damage to ‘cross‐road’ regions of the structural (white matter) brain connectome generates deficits that span multiple domains (motor, language, attention and verbal/spatial memory). The structural integrity of these regions determines not only the initial functional status, but also the response to therapy. As structural disconnection constrains the recovery of functional capability, ‘disconnectome’ modelling provides a basis for personalized prognosis and precision rehabilitation. It is now feasible to refer a lesion delineated using a standard clinical scan to a (dis)connectivity atlas derived from the brains of other stroke survivors. As the individual disconnection pattern thus obtained suggests the functional domains most likely be compromised, a therapeutic regimen can be tailored accordingly. Stroke is a complex disorder that burdens individuals with distinct constellations of brain damage. Mechanistic knowledge is indispensable when seeking to ameliorate the behavioural impairments to which such damage gives rise.
image
Omadacycline is active
in vitro
and
in vivo
against ciprofloxacin-resistant
Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Heine Henry S. , Drusano George , Purcell Bret K. , Anastasiou Diane , Tanaka S. Ken , Serio Alisa W. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacillus anthracis
, the causative agent of anthrax, is among the most likely bacterial pathogens to be used in a biological attack. Inhalation anthrax is a serious, life-threatening form of infection, and the mortality from acute inhaled anthrax can approach 100% if not treated early and aggressively. Food and Drug Administration-approved antibiotics indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) or treatment of anthrax are limited. This study assessed the
in vitro
activity and
in vivo
efficacy of omadacycline and comparators against clinical isolates of
B. anthracis,
including a ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of omadacycline, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline were determined against animal and human clinical isolates of
B. anthracis
, including the ciprofloxacin-resistant Ames strain BAC
r
4-2. Mice were challenged with aerosolized BAC
r
4-2 spores, and survival was monitored for 28 days post-challenge. Treatment was initiated 24 h after aerosol challenge and administered for 14 days. Omadacycline demonstrated
in vitro
activity against 53
B. anthracis
isolates with an MIC range of ≤0.008–0.25 µg/mL, and an MIC
50
/MIC
90
of 0.015/0.03 µg/mL. Consistent with this, omadacycline demonstrated
in vivo
efficacy in a PEP mouse model of inhalation anthrax caused by the Ames BAC
r
4-2 ciprofloxacin-resistant
B. anthracis
isolate. Omadacycline treatment significantly increased survival compared with the vehicle control group and the ciprofloxacin treatment group. As antibiotic resistance rates continue to rise worldwide, omadacycline may offer an alternative PEP or treatment option against inhalation anthrax, including anthrax caused by antibiotic-resistant
B. anthracis
.
The
tal
gene of lactococcal bacteriophage TP901-1 is involved in DNA release following host adsorption
Authors: Ruiz-Cruz Sofía , Erazo Garzon Andrea , Cambillau Christian , Ortiz Charneco Guillermo , Lugli Gabriele Andrea , Ventura Marco , Mahony Jennifer , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Temperate P335 phage TP901-1 represents one of the best-characterized Gram-positive phages regarding its structure and host interactions. Following its reversible adsorption to the polysaccharidic side-chain of the cell wall polysaccharide of its host
Lactococcus cremoris
3107, TP901-1 requires a glucosylated cell envelope moiety to trigger its genome delivery into the host cytoplasm. Here, we demonstrate that three distinct single amino acid substitutions in the Tal protein of TP901-1 baseplate are sufficient to overcome the TP901-1 resistance of three
L. cremoris
3107 derivatives, whose resistance is due to impaired DNA release of the phage. All of these Tal alterations are located in the N-terminally located gp27-like domain of the protein, conserved in many tailed phages. AlphaFold2 predictions of the Tal mutant proteins suggest that these mutations favor conformational changes necessary to reposition the Tal fiber and thus facilitate release of the tape measure protein from the tail tube and subsequent DNA ejection in the absence of the trigger otherwise required for phage genome release.

IMPORTANCE

Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in phage-host interactions is essential to develop phage-based applications in the food and probiotic industries, yet also to reduce the risk of phage infections in fermentations.
Lactococcus
, extensively used in dairy fermentations, has been widely employed to unravel such interactions. Phage infection commences with the recognition of a suitable host followed by the release of its DNA into the bacterial cytoplasm. Details on this latter, irreversible step are still very scarce in lactococci and other Gram-positive bacteria. We demonstrate that a component of the baseplate of the lactococcal phage TP901-1, the tail-associated lysin (Tal), is involved in the DNA delivery into its host,
L. cremoris
3107. Specifically, we have found that three amino acid changes in Tal appear to facilitate structural rearrangements in the baseplate necessary for the DNA release process, even in the absence of an otherwise required host trigger.
Somatostatin analogues as a treatment option for cystoid maculopathy in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Heutinck Pam A T , van den Born L Ingeborgh , van Laar Jan A M , van Hagen P Martin , Smailhodzic Dzenita , Meester-Smoor Magda A , Klaver Caroline C W , Verhoeven Virginie J M , Thiadens Alberta A H J 
Published: August 2024

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of somatostatin analogues (SA) for cystoid maculopathy (CM) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective case series, clinical and imaging characteristics of 28 RP patients with CM, unresponsive to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, were collected from medical charts. All patients received SA treatment as an alternative (octreotide long-acting release at 20 mg/month or 30 mg/month, or lanreotide at 90 mg/month or 120 mg/month). Outcome measures were mean reduction in foveal thickness (FT) and foveal volume (FV) and mean increase in best-corrected visual acuity at 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment initiation. Linear mixed models were used to calculate the effectiveness over time.Results52 eyes of 28 RP patients were included; 39% were male. The median age at the start of treatment was 39 years (IQR 30–53). Median follow-up was 12 months (range 6–12). From baseline to 12 months, the mean FT decreased from 409±136 µm to 334±119 µm and the mean FV decreased from 0.31±0.10 mm3to 0.25±0.04 mm3. Linear mixed model analyses showed a significant decrease in log FT and log FV at 3, 6 and 12 months after the start of treatment compared with baseline measurements (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). Mean best-corrected visual acuity did not increase significantly (0.46±0.35 logMAR to 0.45±0.38 logMAR after 12 months).DiscussionSA may be an effective alternative treatment to reduce CM in RP patients.
Antiplatelet therapy versus intravenous thrombolysis for mild acute ischaemic stroke: a living systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Mingzhen , Liu Tingting , Shi Xinyi , Feng Luda , Li Tingting , Cheng Zixin , Cheng Sisong , Zhou Congren , Zou Mingrun , Jia Qi , Zhang Chi , Gao Ying 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown contradictory results between early application of antiplatelet therapy and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for mild acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 0–5.ObjectiveTo compare the benefits and risks of antiplatelet therapy and IVT in patients with mild AIS.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted from database inception until July 2023, without language restriction. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) or observational studies were selected. The primary outcomes were 90-day functional outcomes, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. The protocol has been registered before data collection.ResultsTwo RCTs and four observational studies with relatively low risk of bias that enrolled 3975 patients were analysed (2454 in antiplatelet therapy and 1521 in IVT therapy). There were no significant differences between antiplatelet therapy and IVT in 90-day functional outcomes (mRS 0–1, OR 1.08 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.58); mRS 0–2, OR, 1.04 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.73)), death (OR, 0.64 (95% CI 0.19 to 2.13)) and stroke recurrence (OR, 0.71 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.79)). Antiplatelet therapy was associated with a reduced risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) compared with IVT (OR, 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.69)).ConclusionsAmong patients with mild AIS, compared with IVT, early application of antiplatelet therapy was not significantly associated with improved functional outcomes, reduced death or stroke recurrence, but was significantly associated with a reduced risk of sICH.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023447862.
Self‐Reported Diabetes in Older Adults: A Comparison of Prevalence and Related Factors in the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2015, 2018, and 2021)
Authors: Pérez Alvaro García , Gutiérrez Teresa Villanueva , Velázquez-Olmedo Laura Bárbara 
Published: August 2024

Aim: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with diabetes among older adults and compare the prevalence rate of a three‐round national survey of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS).Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with data obtained from MHAS 2015 (n = 8167), 2018 (n = 7854), and 2021 (n = 8060), which comprised a nationally representative sample of older adults in Mexico. The measures included sociodemographic characteristics and health. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the association between independent variables and self‐reported diabetes.Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 26.3%, 27.7%, and 28.1% in 2015, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This prevalence decreased with age and was higher for female, urban older adults, those with multimorbidity, a lower level of education, and without social security coverage for the three years. Age was associated with a lower possibility of presenting diabetes ([OR = 0.79[0.71–0.89]] and [OR = 0.41[0.33–0.52]] in groups aged 75–84 years and ≥85 years, respectively). Females continue to be more likely to present diabetes than males (OR = 1.39 [95% CI 1.25–1.55]). Older adults living in rural areas are 20% less likely to present diabetes than those living in urban areas (OR = 0.80 [95% CI 0.69–0.93]). Uninsured older adults (OR = 1.35 [95% CI 1.20–1.53]), those who wear glasses (OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.16–1.30]), those with multimorbidity (OR = 1.13 [95% CI 1.01–1.27]), and those who currently drink alcohol (OR = 1.12 [95% CI 1.00–1.25]) were significantly more likely to have diabetes.Conclusion: An elevated prevalence of diabetes was found in older adults in Mexico, while not having access to social security was associated with a higher possibility of presenting diabetes and living in a rural area was associated with a lower possibility of presenting diabetes. Detection, prevention, and control programs should be implemented to reduce the incidence and severity of the disease in older adults and, thus, prevent its associated complications.
Abstract P29: The Efficacy of Emergency Coronary Reperfusion Therapy for Comatose Survivors After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest is Equivalent to Cardiogenic Shock Complicating ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tachibana Eizo , Nagao Ken , Kikushima Kimio , Takayama Tadateru , Satoh Naoki , Yamada Kyoushi , Takayama Morimasa 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUNDS: AHA guidelines for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have recommended early coronary revascularization for patients with cardiogenic shock complicating STEMI (

Circulation

2004
;
110
:
586
– 636

). ILCOR has suggested that STEMI patients with post-cardiac arrest should undergo emergency coronary angiography, with subsequent reperfusion therapy (

Circulation

2008
;
118
:
2452
–2483

). We investigated whether early coronary reperfusion therapy had survival benefits for STEMI patients with post-cardiac arrest.

METHODS: We did a multicenter observation study of STEMI patients. Of those patients, comatose survivor or cardiogenic shock were enrolled in this study. The primary endpoint was survival to hospital discharge.
RESULTS: A total of 3,633 STEMI patients were admitted to the CCU in the Tokyo CCU network. Of those, 249 were enrolled in this study (88 in comatose survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and 161 in cardiogenic shock). Emergency coronary reperfusion therapy was performed 80 % in the cardiac arrest(CA) group, and 78% in the shock group (p=0.67). In the overall survival rate, no significant difference was seen between the CA-group and the Shock-group (66 % vs. 60%; p=0.32). However, the survival rates were significant higher in each group of patients treated with reperfusion therapy than no-reperfusion therapy (the CA-group: 77% vs. 25%, P<0.01, the Shock-group: 69% vs. 29%, P<0.01). And no significant difference was seen between the CA-group and the Shock-group in the survival rate of the patients who underwent reperfusion therapy (the CA-group: 77% vs. 69%, P=0.3).
CONCLUSIONS: Emergency coronary reperfusion therapy improved the survival in STEMI patients with not only cardiogenic shock but also out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and the two groups had similar survival rate at about 70%.
This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, National Center.
Exploring critical health literacy in health education: A social justice approach
Authors: Jacobs Jeanette , Morton Brenda 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To explore the perspectives and practices of high school health education teachers implementing health literacy with a focus on the social determinants of health within the context of a concern for social justice. Design: Qualitative content analysis was used to assess high school teachers’ accounts of the practices used to teach health education in line with their professional preparation, the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) standards, the textbook(s) used and the district’s health education curriculum. Setting: A large urban independent school district in southern Texas, USA. Method: Six high school health education teachers’ interviews were analysed using the social ecological framework and a social justice framework to identify themes that aligned with the teaching practices used to facilitate critical health literacy. Results: Although teachers were unfamiliar with the term Social Determinants of Health, they were able to speak to the challenges that their students faced in everyday life. The need for support and the remedying of knowledge deficits were two important themes. Conclusion: Health education teachers often lack the preparation to teach about the social determinants of health in a manner that resonates with students’ backgrounds. The current TEKS standards provide insufficient guidance, emphasising kinesiology, diet and movement over a focus on critical health literacy and the social determinants of health, resulting in a limited and inadequate curriculum for high school students.
Clopidogrel Hyperresponsiveness and Hemorrhagic Complications Using On-Label Clopidogrel Dosing after Pipeline Embolization
Authors: Nickelsen Paige Morgan , Neyens Ron , Al Kasab Sami 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Clopidogrel hyperresponsiveness is a timely topic, with wide ranging reports of hemorrhagic complications, using various clopidogrel dosing strategies following neuroendovascular procedures. This study serves to investigate hemorrhagic complications using standard clopidogrel doses and timing of these complications in relation to the procedure. Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort of consecutive adult patients undergoing flow diversion with Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) at an academic medical center, receiving on-label clopidogrel doses. Patients with clopidogrel hyperresponsiveness (VerifyNowTM P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) ≤ 70) were compared to those who were normoresponsive. The primary outcome is the rate of hemorrhagic complications between groups. Results: Of 148 included patients, 54 (36.5%) were identified as clopidogrel hyperresponsive (PRU ≤ 70) and 94 (63.5%) as clopidogrel normoresponsive (PRU 71 – 194). There were no hemorrhagic complications observed in patients who were clopidogrel hyperresponsive, with 5 occurring in patients who were normoresponsive ( P = 0.09). Three (60%) of the hemorrhages were intracranial with most occurring intra-procedure or within the first week of the procedure. Age > 60 years was the only candidate predictor for hemorrhagic complications ( P = 0.004). Conclusion: Our findings are contradictory, with lower hemorrhagic complications in clopidogrel hyperresponders than prior literature, and most occurring intra-op or in the immediate acute post-op phase.
A Case Report of Tinea Infection (Dadru Kustha) with Ayurvedic Intervention
Authors: Mandal Sonia , Ade Vinod , Sawarkar Punam , Gamne Reeya , Sawarkar Gaurav , Parwe Shweta 
Published: August 2024

Background The most typical dermatologic disorders worldwide include tinea infections. Skin ringworm infections, such as tinea corporis and tinea cruris, are caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum canis. These are the main dermatophytes responsible for tinea. Red, scaly, itchy, and growing lesions should be tinea. It is most seen in males compared to females. All skin illnesses are categorized in Ayurveda as Kushta Roga (skin diseases), while Dadru Kushta (tinea) has a connection to the diseases caused by fungi. The illness has aggravated Pitta and Kapha dosha. The line of treatments for these illnesses includes palliative, purificatory intervention, and peripheral biocleansing procedures. However, in this case, we utilize palliative, mild laxative, and peripheral biocleansing procedures. Here, mild laxatives act as purificatory therapy to treat the illness. Purpose To study the effect of Ayurvedic intervention in the management of tinea (Dadru). Methods In this case report, a 41-year-old male patient receives Ayurveda treatment after 2 months of experiencing relief from ring-like patches, discoloration, and itching in the groin, upper back, and upper and lower thighs. He is diagnosed by presenting clinical symptoms, and pathological examination is the specific tool for diagnosis of fungal infection. Results Significant improvements were seen in the parameters, including increased circular skin lesions, eruptions, erythema, and itching. He experienced 70% relief. Conclusion Treated with the Ayurveda line of treatment is the best tinea infection treatment.
Superficial Dosimetry Study of the Frequency of Bolus Using in Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy after Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Tian Lingling , Mao Ronghu , Li Dingjie , Guo Wei , Li Bing , Lou Zhaoyang , Guo Leiming 
Published: August 2024

Objective To investigate the effect of various frequencies of bolus use on the superficial dose of volumetric modulated arc therapy after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Methods Based on the computed tomography images of a female anthropomorphic breast phantom, a 0.5 cm silicone-based 3D-printed bolus was created. Nine points evenly distributed on the breast skin were selected for assessing the skin dose, and a volume of subcutaneous lymphatic drainage of the breast (noted as ROI2-3) was delineated for assessing the chest wall dose. The treatment plans with and without bolus (plan_wb and plan_nb) were separately designed using the prescription of 50 Gy in 25 fractions following the standard dose constraints of the adjacent organ at risk. To characterize the accuracy of treatment planning system (TPS) dose calculations, the doses of the nine points were measured five times by thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and then were compared with the TPS calculated dose. Results Compared with Plan_nb (144.46 ± 10.32 cGy), the breast skin dose for plan_wb (208.75 ± 4.55 cGy) was significantly increased (t = −18.56, P < 0.001). The deviation of skin dose was smaller for Plan_wb, and the uniformity was significantly improved. The calculated value of TPS was in good agreement with the measured value of TLD, and the maximum deviation was within 5%. Skin and ROI2-3 doses were significantly increased with increasing frequencies of bolus applications. The mean dose of the breast skin and ROI2-3 for 15 and 23 times bolus applications were 45.33 Gy, 50.88 Gy and 50.36 Gy, 52.39 Gy, respectively. Conclusion 3D printing bolus can improve the radiation dose and the accuracy of the planned dose. Setting Plan_wb to 15 times for T1-3N+ breast cancer patients and 23 times for T4N+ breast cancer patients can meet the clinical need. Quantitative analysis of the bolus application frequency for different tumor stages can provide a reference for clinical practice.