bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease: An Investigator-Initiated, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Randomized Trial
Authors: Idorn Thomas , Knop Filip K. , Jørgensen Morten B. , Jensen Tonny , Resuli Marsela , Hansen Pernille M. , Christensen Karl B. , Holst Jens J. , Hornum Mads , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate parameters related to safety and efficacy of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-four patients with type 2 diabetes and ESRD and 23 control subjects with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function were randomly allocated to 12 weeks of double-blind liraglutide (titrated to a maximum dose of 1.8 mg) or placebo treatment (1:1) injected subcutaneously once daily as add on to ongoing antidiabetic treatment. Dose-corrected plasma trough liraglutide concentration was evaluated at the final trial visit as the primary outcome measure using a linear mixed model.

RESULTS
Twenty patients with ESRD (1:1 for liraglutide vs. placebo) and 20 control subjects (1:1) completed the study period. Dose-corrected plasma trough liraglutide concentration at the final visit was increased by 49% (95% CI 6–109, P = 0.02) in the group with ESRD compared with the control group. Initial and temporary nausea and vomiting occurred more frequently among liraglutide-treated patients with ESRD compared with control subjects (P &lt; 0.04). Glycemic control tended to improve during the study period in both liraglutide-treated groups as assessed by daily blood glucose measurements (P &lt; 0.01), and dose of baseline insulin was reduced in parallel (P &lt; 0.04). Body weight was reduced in both liraglutide-treated groups (−2.4 ± 0.8 kg [mean ± SE] in the group with ESRD, P = 0.22; −2.9 ± 1.0 kg in the control group, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Plasma liraglutide concentrations increased during treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and ESRD, who experienced more gastrointestinal side effects. Reduced treatment doses and prolonged titration period may be advisable.
How Poles indicate people and objects, and what they think of certain forms of pointing gestures
Authors: Jarmołowicz-Nowikow Ewa 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The first gesture produced by children before they utter their first word has the form of an extended index finger. T his gesture is often described as a prototypical pointing gesture and is regarded as a universal display of intentional communication in most explored cultures (Volterra et al. 2011; Tomasello 2007). It is interesting, however, that in many cultures, a pointing gesture realized with index finger extended is regarded as rude, especially when made by adults or by children past the age of learning to speak. T he aim of this paper is to answer some questions concerning the form and usage of pointing gestures performed by native speakers of Polish. T his paper is focused on potential determinants of the form of pointing gestures, on the Polish cultural norms for indicating people and objects, as well as on the perception of pointing gestures. T he study is based on two experiments and a survey.
Utilisation Of Laser Scanning Technology And Digital Images For Measurements Of Industrial Objects - A Case Study
Authors: Zawieska Dorota , Markiewicz Jakub 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Projection of a complicated geometry of industrial objects is the complex issue, which requires properly planned and prepared measurements. Such objects must be accurately inventoried, but their complicated nature often makes the access and the visibility of their entire surface very difficult. Documentation of measurements is often prepared in the form of sketches, plans or maps, which are amended with photographic documentation. The objective of this paper is to test the possibilities to apply laser scanning and the network of digital images for inventory and monitoring of technical conditions of industrial objects. Processing of a precise documentation acquired basing on terrestrial laser scanning data or dense points clouds generated from digital images still causes many difficulties and problems. Although data processing algorithms have been intensively developed with respect to generation of high resolution orthoimages or precise vector drawings, the existing problems are still connected with limitations related to imperfections of both techniques of measurements.
Binational learning communities: A work in progress
Authors: Gross Joan 
Published: August 2015

Studying abroad can be a life-altering experience, but not necessarily. I credit the two study-abroad experiences I had as an undergraduate as setting my course as an anthropologist. At this stage in my career, having directed, taught and evaluated five study-abroad programmes in three different countries, I felt ready to create my own based on the pros and cons I had observed. In December 2013, I completed a pilot run of a binational learning community focused on food, culture and social justice in Ecuador and Oregon and would like to share the experience in order to encourage other higher education teachers to invent similar programmes. It is not an easy model to pull off, especially in a large state institution, but it achieved the kind of coherence that I have found lacking in other study-abroad programmes and was a very satisfying teaching/learning experience. I will outline some issues concerning study-abroad programmes and then describethe programme I was involved in implementing in 2013.
Ice thickness measurements and volume estimates for glaciers in Norway
Authors: Andreassen L.M. , Huss M. , Melvold K. , Elvehøy H. , Winsvold S.H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGlacier volume and ice thickness distribution are important variables for water resource management in Norway and the assessment of future glacier changes. We present a detailed assessment of thickness distribution and total glacier volume for mainland Norway based on data and modelling. Glacier outlines from a Landsat-derived inventory from 1999 to 2006 covering an area of 2692 ± 81 km2 were used as input. We compiled a rich set of ice thickness observations collected over the past 30 years. Altogether, interpolated ice thickness measurements were available for 870 km2 (32%) of the current glacier area of Norway, with a total ice volume of 134 ± 23 km3. Results indicate that mean ice thickness is similar for all larger ice caps, and weakly correlates with their total area. Ice thickness data were used to calibrate a physically based distributed model for estimating the ice thickness of unmeasured glaciers. The results were also used to calibrate volume–area scaling relations. The calibrated total volume estimates for all Norwegian glaciers ranged from 257 to 300 km3.
Range extension of Myotis midastactus​ (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) to Paraguay
Authors: Moratelli Ricardo , Idárraga Liu , Wilson Don 
Published: August 2015

Myotis midastactus Moratelli and Wilson, 2014 (Vespertilionidae, Myotinae) was described from the Myotis simus Thomas, 1901 complex based on collections from the Bolivian Savannah.
Four vouchers previously assigned to M. simus from the Alto Chaco in Paraguay (West of the Paraguay River) are reassigned here to M. midastactus. These specimens extend the geographic distribution of M. midastactus 1200 km southward, and constitute the first evidence of the species in the country. Based on other material from the Brazilian Pantanal and Cerrado, Central Paraguay and north-eastern Argentina, we also discuss the identity of simus-like populations south of the Amazon Basin. The status of these populations is still unclear, but the little evidence we have at hand indicates that these populations may represent another taxon—M. guaycuru Proença, 1943; whereas M. simus seems to be restricted to the Amazon basin. This hypothesis is still very speculative and requires further investigation. With the assignment of material from Alto Chaco to M. midastactus, seven species of Myotis are confirmed for Paraguay: M. albescens, M. lavali, M. levis, M. midastactus, M. nigricans, M. riparius, and M. ruber.
Concrete GBS LNG Solution for Shallow Arctic Regions
Authors: Raven John , Maughan John , Pinnerød Erik , Egge Magnus 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Arctic is becoming increasingly important in securing energy supplies for the future, notwithstanding the economic, environmental and social challenge. Also, finding and extracting oil and gas in the Arctic and Subarctic regions is itself challenging due to extreme temperatures, ice conditions, remoteness and a sensitive natural environment.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) can be produced Onshore, Offshore (FLNG) and near shore. Onshore is the most common LNG solution, however in hostile Arctic environments and remote areas onshore construction becomes expensive and challenging. Likewise Offshore LNG (FLNG), considered for export of offshore gas reserves and normally produced from deep water subsea wells, is not yet considered feasible for hostile Arctic environments where pack ice is prevalent.
Ice Breaking and Accumulation Around a Moored Structure: Ice Basin Tests and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Bonnemaire B. , Serré N. , Lundamo T. , Fredriksen A. , Jensen A. , Gürtner A. , Teigen S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Today's best engineering practice for the design of a stationary floating structure in ice infested water is articulated around physical testing in an ice basin and numerical modelling of the structure response to the relevant ice interactions.
Ice basin testing is the best way to simulate the complex scenario of a moored floating structure interacting with drifting intact level ice and ridges. It is also per today the main source of experience for the design of such structures as full scale experience is sparse. However, ice basin testing suffers from deviations due to scaling effects or mismatch between one or several of the achieved and targeted properties (of the modelled ice and structure).
As a consequence, the outcome of ice basin tests needs to be assessed and correction of measurements are required. An efficient way is to use an engineering numerical model to simulate the achieved ice-structure interaction in the ice basin, qualify the numerical model by comparing simulation results and measurements, and then simulate the targeted interactions with the numerical model. Such a numerical model may further be used to simulate the full range target design conditions for the ice structure interaction.
The RITAS ice basin campaign tested a structure element designed to gain insight in the level ice bending and accumulation process around a traditional moored floating arctic structure design. These measurements are well suited to assess the validity of a numerical model designed to replicate this type of interaction.
The SimShipIce numerical model is an engineering tool which focuses on replicating the steering processes during the interaction between a moored structure and drifting intact level ice and ridges. Such a model needs to be calibrated against ice basin test outcome.
Exploration Drilling with Riserless Dual Gradient Technology in Arctic Waters
Authors: Stave Roger , Fossli Børre , Endresen Cato , Rezk Ramzy Hussein , Tingvoll Geir Inge , Thorkildsen Martin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Riserless dual gradient technology enables drilling tophole with weighted and engineered mud without discharge to sea. A Suction Module is run and installed subsea. This has a collection chamber where well returns are collected and diverted to a subsea mud pump. A Mud Return Line allows pumping or lifting the mud and cuttings back to surface. In this way a "closed loop system" is established; mud and cuttings are collected at seafloor and returned to the shakers as with post-BOP drilling techniques. The technique eliminates discharges of mud and cuttings at seafloor and thereby a weighted and engineered mud system may be used to solve difficult drilling challenges, improve drilling efficiency and safety.
Selection of the technology is typically driven by its ability to impact drilling efficiency and safety, but in arctic and other environmental sensitive areas also by the fact that discharges to sea can be reduced of totally eliminated. Riserless dual gradient technology has been used to drill wells in artic locations. If a 0-discharge requirement also apply for the surface conductor, a purpose designed SpudBase may be used. This will allow spudding the well / setting and cementing of conductor pipe without discharges at seafloor. Thereafter the 26" hole can be drilled with weighted mud, the surface casing run and cemented. The entire tophole drilling may hence be drilled riserless with return to surface. Cuttings may be collected at the shakers and shipped to shore for disposal. The mud is recirculated and reused throughout the entire drilling operation.
Peak Ice Loads on a Lifeboat in Pack Ice Conditions
Authors: Kennedy Allison , Ré António Simões , Veitch Brian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Field testing of a modified Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft (TEMPSC) was conducted in March 2013 in managed level ice conditions. This testing was part of a multi-year trials program, conducted by the National Research Council (NRC), which aims to investigate design considerations for a conventional TEMPSC operating in ice. During the March 2013 testing campaign, the TEMPSC was equipped with a side impact panel and bow visor, both instrumented with load cells to measure local ice impact forces. The resulting local ice load measurements taken during this field trials campaign are presented and the operational performance is discussed. This was the first year during the trials campaign in which local loads on the stem were measured and recorded.
The results of this set of field trials could be useful to support the implementation of new TEMPSC design considerations to allow for better performance in harsh, northern conditions. It could also provide operational insight to promote more effective and low stress navigation through ice conditions.
A New Ice Simulation Tool Using a Multi-Model Program
Authors: Septseault Cyril , Béal Pierre-Antoine , Le Yaouanq Sébastien , Dudal Alexey , Roberts Brian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In June 2012, Technip signed an agreement with Cervval (a specialist software company in Brittany) and Bureau Veritas (BV) to develop an ice-modelling simulation program. The long term aim is for the simulator to predict the flow of ice around both fixed and floating structures and calculate the ice-loadings on the platforms. The program will ultimately allow platform structures to be optimised, to minimise ice loadings and ice rubble build-up, prior to final design verification in an ice test basin.
Initially the program has been developed to predict ice behaviour in shallow waters since there are several projects imminent in the North Caspian but will be equally applicable in Arctic regions. Cervval has been developing the software with ice expertise input and verification from BV. The program is unique in the Arctic industry in that it uses a multi-model simulator which is able to cope with the complexity of calculating the kinematic and failure behaviour for the ice sheet and for each ice fragment that results from contact with the structure or from collision with other ice rubble particles for ice mechanical properties.
Currently the program is able to simulate the flow of an ice sheet as it encroaches on a conical structure, which is a type of platform design that Technip has developed specifically for projects offshore Kazakhstan. The design tool is able to predict vertical and horizontal loads on the structure with good accuracy. It also predicts the geometry of the ice accumulation in front of the structure above and below the ice sheet.
The next stage in the software development is to consider ice interaction with a straight sloping wall structure, then vertical walled structures (such as artificial islands) and finally a range of floating structures.
The paper presents details of the simulator, the status of the development & verification program and plans for the future. A typical set of ice simulations are shown and a comparison with ice basin test results is presented as a measure of the program's accuracy.
DYPIC Project: Technological and Scientific Progress Opening New Perspectives
Authors: Kerkeni Sofien , Dal Santo Xavier , Doucy Olivier , Jochmann Peter , Haase Andrea , Metrikin Ivan , Løset Sveinung , Jenssen Nils Albert , Hals Torbjorn , Gürtner Arne , Moslet Per Olav , Støle-Hentschel Susanne 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
DYPIC – Dynamic Positioning in ICE - is an international research and development project partially financed by the national research agencies of Germany, Norway and France. This 3-years initiative (2010–2012) focused on the development of Dynamic Positioning (DP) technology for the Arctic environment. The projects' backbone was formed by two extensive experimental campaigns performed in 2011 and 2012. This paper summarizes the work performed within the project and spotlights the technical and scientific findings emerged from it. Special attention is payed to two facets of the project: the design of experimental devices, systems and setups for ice tank testing including the development of a dynamic positioning system for model basin facility, and the development of an ice basin numerical simulator. Finally, the opened perspectives are discussed with a special focus on the operational matters.
Dynamic Routing through Waters Partially Covered with Sea Ice
Authors: Schütz Peter 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We present a methodology for tactical route optimization in waters covered by sea ice. The ice conditions are time-dependent and uncertain. This paper proposes a methodology for determining the fastest route through ice covered waters based on a stochastic dynamic programming model. As such, the focus is on the routing element of the methodology rather than on how to predict ice conditions or model ship performance. Preliminary results for a small, but artificial test case from the Bay of Bothnia are presented as well.

Introduction
The reduced sea ice coverage in the Arctic Ocean has attracted a lot of attention to shipping in Arctic waters. However, sea areas covered with ice can be found all over the world: For example, the Bay of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea freeze every year. In fact, the Baltic Sea might be covered completely by sea ice during an extreme winter. The northern part of the Caspian Sea is prone to sea ice during winter and also Bohai Bay in the Yellow Sea is known for forming sea ice.
The Human NK Cell Response to Yellow Fever Virus 17D Is Primarily Governed by NK Cell Differentiation Independently of NK Cell Education
Authors: Marquardt Nicole , Ivarsson Martin A. , Blom Kim , Gonzalez Veronica D. , Braun Monika , Falconer Karolin , Gustafsson Rasmus , Fogdell-Hahn Anna , Sandberg Johan K. , Michaëlsson Jakob 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
NK cells play an important role in the defense against viral infections. However, little is known about the regulation of NK cell responses during the first days of acute viral infections in humans. In this study, we used the live attenuated yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine 17D as a human in vivo model to study the temporal dynamics and regulation of NK cell responses in an acute viral infection. YFV induced a robust NK cell response in vivo, with an early activation and peak in NK cell function at day 6, followed by a delayed peak in Ki67 expression, which was indicative of proliferation, at day 10. The in vivo NK cell response correlated positively with plasma type I/III IFN levels at day 6, as well as with the viral load. YFV induced an increased functional responsiveness to IL-12 and IL-18, as well as to K562 cells, indicating that the NK cells were primed in vivo. The NK cell responses were associated primarily with the stage of differentiation, because the magnitude of induced Ki67 and CD69 expression was distinctly higher in CD57− NK cells. In contrast, NK cells expressing self- and nonself-HLA class I–binding inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors contributed, to a similar degree, to the response. Taken together, our results indicate that NK cells are primed by type I/III IFN in vivo early after YFV infection and that their response is governed primarily by the differentiation stage, independently of killer cell Ig-like receptor/HLA class I–mediated inhibition or education.
The Presence and Preferential Activation of Regulatory T Cells Diminish Adoptive Transfer of Autoimmune Diabetes by Polyclonal Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) T Cell Effectors into NSG versus NOD-scid Mice
Authors: Presa Maximiliano , Chen Yi-Guang , Grier Alexandra E. , Leiter Edward H. , Brehm Michael A. , Greiner Dale L. , Shultz Leonard D. , Serreze David V. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
NOD-scid.Il2rgnull (NSG) mice are currently being used as recipients to screen for pathogenic autoreactive T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. We questioned whether the restriction of IL-2R γ-chain (Il-2rγ)–dependent cytokine signaling only to donor cells in NSG recipients differently influenced the activities of transferred diabetogenic T cells when they were introduced as a monoclonal/oligoclonal population versus being part of a polyclonal repertoire. Unexpectedly, a significantly decreased T1D transfer by splenocytes from prediabetic NOD donors was observed in Il-2rγnull-NSG versus Il-2rγ–intact standard NOD-scid recipients. In contrast, NOD-derived monoclonal/oligoclonal TCR transgenic β cell–autoreactive T cells in either the CD8 (AI4, NY8.3) or CD4 (BDC2.5) compartments transferred disease significantly more rapidly to NSG than to NOD-scid recipients. The reduced diabetes transfer efficiency by polyclonal T cells in NSG recipients was associated with enhanced activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediated by NSG myeloid APC. This enhanced suppressor activity was associated with higher levels of Treg GITR expression in the presence of NSG than NOD-scid APC. These collective results indicate NSG recipients might be efficiently employed to test the activity of T1D patient–derived β cell–autoreactive T cell clones and lines, but, when screening for pathogenic effectors within polyclonal populations, Tregs should be removed from the transfer inoculum to avoid false-negative results.