bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic monitoring and surveillance in the workplace
Authors: Holland Peter Jeffrey , Cooper Brian , Hecker Rob 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– Electronic monitoring and surveillance (EMS) practices provide new challenges in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between EMS in the workplace on employees’ trust in management.Design/methodology/approach– This paper is based upon data from the 2012 Australian Electronic Workplace Survey of 500 randomly sampled employees. Controlling for a range of personal, job and workplace characteristics, the data were analysed using OLS and ordered probit regression.Findings– The regression analyses identified that EMS has, on average, a negative relationship with trust in management. The authors further differentiated the sample to examine the potential impact of EMS on trust between manual and non-manual employees. The study found the relationship between EMS and trust in management was only evident for manual workers.Research limitations/implications– Future research should investigate the extent to which employee attitudes, commitment and engagement are impacted, and the individual-level and organisational-level outcomes of EMS. Causal inferences are necessarily limited and the research does not address managers’ underlying motives. Although self-reported data on EMS reflect objectively measured characteristics of the organisation.Practical implications– EMS can have negative effects on the employment relationship through the loss of trust in management, especially for manual workers. Tangible effects may flow from this through withdrawal behaviour such as employee exit from the organisation.Social implications– The findings of this study provide evidence to add to the debate on the extent and impact of EMS in the workplace and its impact on employees, the employment relationship and productivity.Originality/value– Workplace surveillance is one of the most contentious issues facing employers, workers, unions, government and legal experts. However, little research has been undertaken on the effects of EMS on important job-related attitudes such as trust. The current paper remedies some of these deficits.
Badge it!
Authors: Ford Emily , Izumi Betty , Lottes Jost , Richardson Dawn 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to discuss the collaborative learning outcomes-based approach taken by a librarian and disciplinary faculty members to improve information literacy (IL) curriculum within disciplinary courses. To this end, the team aimed to award badges to certify IL skills.Design/methodology/approach– This article considers relevant literature on competency-based curriculum, technological innovation in higher education, collaboration between library and disciplinary faculty and badges. This literature is used to frame the approach to plan a successful and sustainable project to embed IL in disciplinary curriculum using digital badges. The approach includes mapping learning outcomes and engaging in instructional design tasks – including planning for content delivery and student assessment.Findings– An approach to technological innovation for instructional projects based on the principles of pedagogical design can result in improvements to IL pedagogy and collaboration between librarians and disciplinary faculty, whether or not a technological implementation is successful.Practical implications– Librarians and disciplinary faculty can take a pedagogical and learning outcomes-based approach to embedding IL into disciplinary curricula. Further, despite administrative push for technological innovation, projects can succeed when focused on improvements to pedagogy rather than solely on the implementation of new technologies.Originality/value– Planning for and implementing badges for IL curriculum is in an incipient phase in higher education. This paper uniquely addresses a collaborative approach to be used by librarians to plan and implement embedded library instruction in disciplinary courses, with or without the use of badging technology.
Leveraging adult learning theory with online tutorials
Authors: Halpern Rebecca , Tucker Chimene 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to apply adult-centered learning theories to online information literacy tutorials.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a conceptual paper that examines the application of adult learning theories to online information literacy tutorials. The application is supported by examples from the literature of libraries and higher education, and from the writers’ own experiences with designing online tutorials informed by adult learning theories.

Findings
– As online learners continue to be a growing population on our campuses, and as those online learners continue to be older than our traditional students, librarians must be prepared to design information literacy objects tailored to the unique learning styles of adults. Building from Knowles’ theory of andragogy, online tutorials that are informed by adult-centered strategies can be powerful tools for engaging with the adult online learner.

Practical implications
– This article gives a useful and comprehensive overview of adult learning theory as applied by education and library researchers. It also provides a specific example of how those theories can be implemented in online tutorials through the Information Literacy Toolkit the authors created.

Originality/value
– While there is literature on applying adult learning theory to library environments, little of it addresses how to do so in an asynchronous, self-paced tutorial. This is a contribution to the literature on asynchronous learning environments and suggests concrete ways to incorporate an adult-centered approach to digital learning objects.
Australasian disasters of national significance: An epidemiological analysis, 1900–2012
Authors: Bradt David A , Bartley Bruce , Hibble Belinda A , Varshney Kavita 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundA regional epidemiological analysis of Australasian disasters in the 20th century to present was undertaken to examine trends in disaster epidemiology; to characterise the impacts on civil society through disaster policy, practice and legislation; and to consider future potential limitations in national disaster resilience.MethodsA surveillance definition of disaster was developed conforming to the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) criteria (≥10 deaths, ≥100 affected, or declaration of state emergency or appeal for international assistance). The authors then applied economic and legislative inclusion criteria to identify additional disasters of national significance.ResultsThe surveillance definition yielded 165 disasters in the period, from which 65 emerged as disasters of national significance. There were 38 natural disasters, 22 technological disasters, three offshore terrorist attacks and two domestic mass shootings. Geographic analysis revealed that states with major population centres experienced the vast majority of disasters of national significance. Timeline analysis revealed an increasing incidence of disasters since the 1980s, which peaked in the period 2005–2009. Recent seasonal bushfires and floods have incurred the highest death toll and economic losses in Australasian history. Reactive hazard‐specific legislation emerged after all terrorist acts and after most disasters of national significance.ConclusionTimeline analysis reveals an increasing incidence in natural disasters over the past 15 years, with the most lethal and costly disasters occurring in the past 3 years. Vulnerability to disaster in Australasia appears to be increasing. Reactive legislation is a recurrent feature of Australasian disaster response that suggests legislative shortsightedness and a need for comprehensive all‐hazards model legislation in the future.
Influence of Xanthan Gum on the Structural Characteristics of Myofibrillar Proteins Treated by High Pressure
Authors: Villamonte Gina , Jury Vanessa , Jung Stéphanie , de Lamballerie Marie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe effects of xanthan gum on the structural modifications of myofibrillar proteins (0.3 M NaCl, pH 6) induced by high pressure (200, 400, and 600 MPa, 6 min) were investigated. The changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of myofibrillar proteins were analyzed by circular dichroism. The protein denaturation was also evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. Likewise, the protein surface hydrophobicity and the solubility of myofibrillar proteins were measured. High pressure (600 MPa) induced the loss of α‐helix structures and an increase of β‐sheet structures. However, the presence of xanthan gum hindered the former mechanism of protein denaturation by high pressure. In fact, changes in the secondary (600 MPa) and the tertiary structure fingerprint of high‐pressure‐treated myofibrillar proteins (400 to 600 MPa) were observed in the presence of xanthan gum. These modifications were confirmed by the thermal analysis, the thermal transitions of high‐pressure (400 to 600 MPa)‐treated myofibrillar proteins were modified in systems containing xanthan gum. As consequence, the high‐pressure‐treated myofibrillar proteins with xanthan gum showed increased solubility from 400 MPa, in contrast to high‐pressure treatment (600 MPa) without xanthan gum. Moreover, the surface hydrophobicity of high‐pressure‐treated myofibrillar proteins was enhanced in the presence of xanthan gum. These effects could be due to the unfolding of myofibrillar proteins at high‐pressure levels, which exposed sites that most likely interacted with the anionic polysaccharide. This study suggests that the role of food additives could be considered for the development of meat products produced by high‐pressure processing.
The Stress‐responsive Heme Oxygenase (HO)‐1 Isoenzyme is Increased in Labouring Myometrium where it Regulates Contraction‐associated Proteins
Authors: Liong Stella , Lappas Martha 
Published: February 2015

ProblemSterile inflammation through activation of cytokine receptor signalling pathways and viral or bacterial infection via activation of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) induces a cascade of events that leads to myometrial contractions and spontaneous preterm delivery. In non‐pregnant tissues, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is thought to play a central role in regulating the inflammatory response. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the effect of human term labour on HO‐1 expression in human myometrium and to investigate the role of HO‐1 in myometrial primary cells in response to cytokine‐ and TLR ligand‐induced inflammation.Method of studyLocalization and expression of HO‐1 protein in human myometrial tissues were determined using IHC. Western blot analysis and qRT‐PCR were also used to determine HO‐1 protein and gene expression, respectively, in human myometrium. siRNA knock‐down of HO‐1 in myometrial primary cells was used to determine its role in response to inflammatory stimuli.ResultsHO‐1 gene expression and protein expression were increased in term labouring myometrium compared with non‐labouring myometrium. Bacterial flagellin (TLR5 ligand), viral dsRNA analogue polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) (TLR3 ligand) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α induced pro‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐6 and IL‐8) mRNA expression and release in myometrial cells. IL‐1β also induced COX‐2 mRNA expression and prostaglandin release. HO‐1 siRNA knock‐down significantly decreased the expression and secretion of these prolabour mediators. Additionally, flagellin, poly(I:C), IL‐1β, and TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB transcriptional activity were suppressed in HO‐1‐deficient myometrial cells.ConclusionCollectively, these findings in myometrium indicate HO‐1 expression is increased with labour and exerts pro‐inflammatory effects via NF‐κB during cytokine‐ and TLR ligand‐induced inflammation.
The Wnt1 ligand/Frizzled 3 receptor system plays a regulatory role in the achievement of the ‘in vitro’ capacitation and subsequent ‘in vitro’ acrosome exocytosis of porcine spermatozoa
Authors: Covarrubias A. A. , Yeste M. , Salazar E. , Ramírez‐Reveco A. , Rodriguez Gil J. E. , Concha I. I. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe aim of this work was to determine the existence of a functional Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in boar spermatozoa, which would be linked with the already well‐known GSK‐3 signaling pathway. This was first confirmed by detecting the presence of the specific Frizzled 3 receptor in these cells. Furthermore, this signaling pathway was activated in boar spermatozoa subjected to ‘in vitro’ capacitation (IVC) and subsequent progesterone‐induced ‘in vitro’ acrosome exocytosis (IVAE) by incubating cells with separate concentrations of Wnt1 ligand, the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway‐specific effector. Incubation with the Wnt1 ligand increased the rhythm of the time‐dependent reduction in sperm viability during the achievement of both IVC and IVAE. This finding was concomitant with an increase in the percentage of spermatozoa with altered membrane fluidity and permeability determined through both merocyanine‐540 and YO‐PRO‐1 stains. While the Wnt1 ligand did not affect total sperm motility during the achievement of the IVC, it induced a fast and transient increase in the overall motility patterns in spermatozoa subjected to IVAE. This IVAE‐linked action was related to a decrease in the percentage of cells with high mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the percentage of cells with high intracellular Fluo‐3‐marked Ca2+ content. In conclusion, our results suggest that the Wnt1 ligand‐modulated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway plays a relevant role in the modulation of both IVC and subsequent, progesterone‐induced IVAE. Furthermore, our data indicate that the transduction pathways by which the Wnt1 ligand acts on IVC and IVAE are different, and that the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is independent from GSK‐3 activity in the achievement of IVC.
Amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography shows mild delays in electrocortical activity in preterm infants born small for gestational age
Authors: Griesmaier E , Burger C , Ralser E , Neubauer V , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer U 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimBeing born small for gestational age (SGA) seems to be a relevant risk factor for long‐term neurologic deficits. We compared the differences between amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) signals in very preterm infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and those in age‐matched infants born appropriate size for gestational age (AGA).MethodsWe performed serial aEEG recording on 305 infants: 255 (83.6%) were AGA, and 50 (16.3%) were SGA.ResultsThe number of bursts per hour decreased over time in both groups, but was higher in the SGA group at every time point. On day one, it was significantly higher in the SGA group (17.4) than in the AGA group (10.1) (p = 0.016). The total Burdjalov score increased with post‐natal age and tended to be lower in SGA infants, but did not reach statistical significance at any time point. The percentage of continuous background patterns increased with post‐natal age in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups.ConclusionVery preterm infants born SGA showed normal maturation of aEEG signals during post‐natal life, but they also showed mild delays in electrocortical activity compared to age‐matched AGA infants. The predictive value of these findings on neurodevelopmental outcome needs to be further evaluated.
Airway hyper‐responsiveness to mannitol provides a good evaluation of atopy in childhood asthma
Authors: Attanasi M , Rapino D , Marcovecchio M L , Consilvio N P , Scaparrotta A , Cingolani A , Di Pillo S , Chiarelli F 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThe relationship between airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) and atopy has been previously investigated, but there are still some issues to be clarified. The aim of this study was to assess the link between AHR and mannitol and atopy in asthmatic children.MethodsWe evaluated 44 children with asthma, aged 6–16 years of age, using skin prick tests (SPTs), serum total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and the mannitol challenge test (MCT).ResultsWe found a good correlation between AHR to mannitol and specific IgE against Dermatophagoides pteronissinus (r = −0.66, p < 0.001) and a weak correlation with specific IgE against dog dander (r = −0.33, p = 0.01) and Aspergillus fumigatus (r = −0.23, p = 0.02). Furthermore, we found a weak correlation between AHR to mannitol and serum total IgE (r = −0.30; p = 0.03), the sum of specific IgE to aeroallergens (r = −0.37, p = 0.01) and the number of positive SPTs (r = −0.31, p = 0.02).ConclusionMeasuring AHR with MCT might provide an accurate evaluation of the degree of atopy in children. The patients with a higher degree of atopy were significantly more reactive to mannitol. In clinical practice, these results indicate that children with asthma who are more atopic may require more intensive treatment strategies to reduce AHR.
Psychopathology among young homeless people: Longitudinal mental health outcomes for different subgroups
Authors: Hodgson Kate J. , Shelton Katherine H. , van den Bree Marianne B. M. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundHomeless young people are recognized as a very vulnerable group in terms of mental health; however, few studies in the UK have examined this. Furthermore, homeless young people represent a heterogeneous group in terms of their mental health and greater characterization could improve intervention work.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to examine prevalence and subtypes of psychopathology among a British sample of young homeless people and to investigate potential associations between identified typologies and a priori specified current and past experiences. In addition, the study intended to explore physical health, mental health, and housing outcomes for the different mental health subgroups.DesignA prospective longitudinal design was used.MethodsStructured interviews including a mental health assessment were conducted with 90 young homeless people aged 16–23 years. Follow‐up interviews were conducted approximately 10 and 20 months later. Cluster analysis at baseline was used to identify groups based on lifetime mental health problems.ResultsThe current and lifetime incidence of mental health problems was high (88% and 93%, respectively). Three subgroups of homeless young people were identified: (1) minimal mental health issues; (2) mood, substance, and conduct disorder; and (3) post‐traumatic stress disorder, mood, and anxiety issues. These groups differed with respect to follow‐up indicators of change and stability of mental health status, service use, and suicide risk, but not housing outcome. Other characteristics (gender ratio, past experiences) also distinguished the subgroups.ConclusionsTypologies of young homeless people based on psychopathology reveal differences in lifetime and future experiences including mental health at follow‐up. Identified groups could be used to tailor interventions towards differing needs.Practitioner points

Low mood, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and psychosis are common mental health issues among young homeless people in the UK.

Subgroups of young homeless people with differing needs can be identified, and these groups can be used to predict outcomes.

Tailoring support provision towards specific needs has the potential to improve mental health and other outcomes for vulnerable young homeless people.

Young homeless people often do not access the support to which they are entitled. Services need to be adapted to improve access for this group.
Inhibition of the GTPase dynamin or actin depolymerisation initiates outward plasma membrane tubulation/vesiculation (cytoneme formation) in neutrophils
Authors: Galkina Svetlana I. , Fedorova Natalia V. , Serebryakova Marina V. , Arifulin Evgenii A. , Stadnichuk Vladimir I. , Gaponova Tatjana V. , Baratova Ludmila A. , Sud'ina Galina F. 
Published: February 2015

Background informationIn a previous study, we demonstrated that human neutrophils can develop membrane tubulovesicular extensions (TVEs) that are 160–250 nm in width and several micrometres long. These extensions, or cytonemes, are capable of establishing long‐range contacts with other cells or bacteria. Cytonemes consist of membrane tubules and vesicles of a uniform diameter aligned in a row. The mechanism of membrane tubulation/vesiculation to form cytonemes remains unknown. Upon endocytosis, the GTPase dynamin and an intact actin cytoskeleton are required for endocytic vesicles scission from the plasma membrane.ResultsWe examined the effects of dynasore (a dynamin specific inhibitor), and of cytochalasin D and latrunculin A (actin cytoskeleton disruption agents), on cytoneme formation in neutrophils. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe cytoneme formation. High‐performance chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to estimate the protein composition of the cytonemes. In neutrophils, dynasore and cytochalasin D or latrunculin A initiated the formation of tubular cytonemes that were similar in diameter and composition. The formation of cytonemes in cells treated with cytochalasin D was accompanied by the appearance of tubular invaginations of the same diameter on the plasma membrane of neutrophils. The formation of dynasore‐ or cytochalasin D‐induced cytonemes, however, was blocked by the nitric oxide (NO) synthases inhibitor l‐NAME, indicating that NO is involved in cytoneme development. Proteome analysis indicated that dynasore‐ or cytochalasin D‐induced cytonemes are secretory protrusions that contain neutrophil bactericides along with cytoplasmic proteins, such as glycolytic enzymes and actin cytoskeleton components.ConclusionsInhibition of dynamin with dynasore or actin depolymerisation with cytochalasin D or latrunculin A might impair the membrane fusion/fission events that are required for the separation of secretory vesicles from the plasma membrane and from each other. As a result, the secretory process extends from the cells as membrane TVEs or cytonemes. Modification of secretion gives neutrophils the possibility to communicate with other cells over distance via highly adhesive cellular secretory protrusions (cytonemes). Cytonemes deliver their membrane‐packed content exactly to the destination without dilution and without harm to the surrounding tissues.
Transcription factors and cognate signalling cascades in the regulation of autophagy
Authors: Chandra Vemika , Bhagyaraj Ella , Parkesh Raman , Gupta Pawan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAutophagy is a process that maintains the equilibrium between biosynthesis and the recycling of cellular constituents; it is critical for avoiding the pathophysiology that results from imbalance in cellular homeostasis. Recent reports indicate the need for the design of high‐throughput screening assays to identify targets and small molecules for autophagy modulation. For such screening, however, a better understanding of the regulation of autophagy is essential. In addition to regulation by various signalling cascades, regulation of gene expression by transcription factors is also critical. This review focuses on the various transcription factors as well as the corresponding signalling molecules that act together to translate the stimuli to effector molecules that up‐ or downregulate autophagy. This review rationalizes the importance of these transcription factors functioning in tandem with cognate signalling molecules and their interfaces as possible therapeutic targets for more specific pharmacological interventions.