bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readability applications: Improving reading in a world of information overload
Authors: Richardson Ben , Lowrance Nathan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis poster discusses the findings of two focus groups that explored the benefits of an innovative readability application (Safari Reader). This emerging technology allows for the removal of advertising and other peripherals from around the body of the online text, thus presenting online articles in a more readable format. The focus group discussions were centered on exploratory research questions that examined information seeking habits for online news content, online information sharing, the ease of reading an online article in its entirety, and the benefits and drawbacks of using a readability application. The poster will show how the questions prompted answers about how the readability technology affected information seeking behavior, information sharing, human computer interaction, advertising and visualization. The poster will highlight the focus group's findings and the possibilities for future research on this type of technology. Additionally, we will utilize and incorporate a tablet (iPad2) into the poster to provide an interactive experience that will showcase the technology in question.
The data‐at‐risk initiative: Analyzing the current state of endangered scientific data
Authors: Murillo Angela P. , Thompson Cheryl A. , Carver Nico , Robertson W. Davenport , Greenberg Jane , Anderson William L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractExamining fragile scientific data is crucial to ensuring that these data are not lost and can continue to be part of the scientific process. In order to investigate various aspects of endangered scientific data the Data‐At‐Risk Initiative (DARI) project has conducted three studies that provide insight into the current state of scientific data‐at‐risk. The three projects include (1) a metadata/system review of the of the to the Data‐At‐Risk Inventory, (2) focus groups with fourteen scientific scholars, and (3) surveys completed by 43 information custodians. This poster reports results from these studies, specifically how scientific scholars and information custodians view endangered data. The DARI project aims to understand the current state of endangered scientific data and to assist in the reduction of loss of valuable scientific data.
Exploring and describing search expertise
Authors: Smith Catherine L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present work in progress on an exploratory longitudinal study of the search behavior of students as they worked on assignments for a semester‐long course on expert search. Our goals were to observe students as they acquired search skills, and to describe behavior associated with the skills learned. Nine MLIS graduate students completed the remote study, providing detailed logs of searches conducted during coursework. In this poster, we focus on assignments completed using Dialog Classic. We briefly review motivations for the study, related work, and our method. We then discuss our analysis approach, and conclude with an example from our data.
Empowering digital libraries users through combining taxonomies with folksonomies
Authors: Alemneh Daniel Gelaw , Rorissa Abebe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe increase in the number and heterogeneity of digital resources has led cultural heritage institutions to develop tools, workflows, and quality assurance mechanisms that allow effective digital resource management. This poster assesses the current landscape in digital libraries as well as best practices and identifies emerging trends in information indexing. It also explores the potentials of and controversies surrounding user supplied tags or keywords in terms of complementing established controlled vocabularies in a diverse and collaborative environment.
Heterojunction based hybrid silicon nanowire solar cell: surface termination, photoelectron and photoemission spectroscopy study
Authors: Bashouti Muhammad Y. , Pietsch Matthias , Brönstrup Gerald , Sivakov Vladimir , Ristein Jürgen , Christiansen Silke 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSilicon nanowires (SiNWs) combined with a conducting polymer are studied to constitute a hybrid organic/inorganic solar cell. This type of cell shows a particularly high interfacial area between SiNWs and the polymer so that interfacial control and interface optimization are required. For that purpose, we terminated the SiNW surfaces with well selected functional groups (molecules) such as native oxide (hereinafter SiO2‐SiNW), hydrogen (hereinafter H‐SiNW) and methyl (hereinafter CH3‐SiNW). A radial hetero‐junction solar cell is formed, and the cell parameters with and without interface control by functionalization with molecules are compared. Electronically, the three surfaces were close to flat‐band conditions. The CH3‐SiNW, H‐SiNW and SiO2‐SiNW produced a surface dipole of −0.12, +0.07 and 0.2 eV and band bending of 50, 100 and 170 meV, respectively. The surface properties of functionalized SiNWs are investigated by photoelectron yield (PY) and photoemission spectroscopy. PY studies on functionalized SiNWs are presented for the first time, and our results show that this type of measurement is an excellent option to carry out interface optimization of NWs for envisaged nano‐electronic and photonic applications. The solar cell efficiency is increased dramatically after terminating the surface with CH3 molecules due to the decrease of the defect emission. The differently functionalized SiNW surfaces showed identical absorbance, reflectance and transmission so that a change in PY can be attributed to the Si–C bonds at the surface. This finding permits the design of new solar cell concepts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confinement mechanism of electrospun polymer nanofiber reinforcement
Authors: Arinstein Arkadii 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe sharp increase in elastic modulus of electrospun polymer nanofibers with decrease in their diameters is now a well‐known phenomenon. Unfortunately, up to now, the physical reasons resulting in the above size‐dependent behavior are unclear. The proposed explanation is based on the confinement concept. A manifesting mechanism of the confinement effect which provides the size‐dependent elastic modulus of electrospun polymer nanofibers is discussed. According to this model, the nanofiber polymer matrix contains anisotropic regions consisting of correlated worm‐like subchains, partially oriented along the fiber. A fiber elongation is accompanied by relative rotations of the above regions. Confinement effect is that these rotations are hindered by the fiber boundary. As a result, the elastic modulus depends on the fiber diameter. This restriction is dominant for the thin fibers, is decreasing with increase of the fiber diameter, and becomes negligible for thick fibers. Such a behavior is in good agreement with experimental observations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Mechanistic model for deformation of polymer nanocomposite melts under large amplitude shear
Authors: Senses Erkan , Akcora Pinar 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report the mechanical response of a model nanocomposite system of poly(styrene) (PS)‐silica to large‐amplitude oscillatory shear deformations. Nonlinear behavior of PS nanocomposites is discussed with the changes in particle dispersion upon deformation to provide a complete physical picture of their mechanical properties. The elastic stresses for the particle and polymer are resolved by decomposing the total stress into its purely elastic and viscous components for composites at different strain levels within a cycle of deformation. We propose a mechanistic model which captures the deformation of particles and polymer networks at small and large strains, respectively. We show, for the first time, that chain stretching in a polymer nanocomposite obtained in large amplitude oscillatory deformation is in good agreement with the nonlinear chain deformation theory of polymeric networks. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Effect of annealing and nitridation on (0001) sapphire surface polaritons
Authors: Zhuravlev Konstantin , Malin Timur , Mansurov Vladimir , Novikova Nadezhda , Yakovlev Vladimir 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe effect of annealing temperature on nitridation process of (0001) Al2O3 surface under ammonia flux was investigated by high‐energy electron diffraction and surface polaritons spectroscopy. High temperature annealing (≥1150 °C) of the surface results in the surface reconstruction √31×√31R±9° that inhibits the nitridation process. The external reflectivity infrared spectroscopy at near normal incidence angle is not sensitive to the annealing and nitridation. On the other hand, the high‐frequency minimum in the attenuated total reflection spectra splits near 700 cm–1 due to the surface reconstruction and/or the presence of aluminum nitride on the substrate surface, the splitting is sensitive to the surface treatment. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Higher than 90% internal quantum efficiency of photoluminescence in GaN:Si,Zn
Authors: Reshchikov M. A. , McNamara J. D. , Behrends A. , Mohajerani M. S. , Bakin A. , Waag A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) from high‐quality GaN codoped with silicon and zinc was investigated in detail. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of PL was determined from the analysis of the dependencies of the PL intensity on the excitation intensity and temperature, and the simulation of these dependencies with a phenomenological model based on rate equations. The model reproduces an important phenomenon: the quenching of a recombination channel with a high IQE causes a rise in efficiency of all the other PL bands. Quantitative analysis of this phenomenon allows one to determine reliably the absolute IQE of PL. The absolute IQE of the PL in GaN co‐doped with Si and Zn exceeds 90%, with the largest contribution coming from the blue luminescence band associated with the ZnGa acceptor. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Properties of MOCVD GaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown on polar and non‐polar bulk GaN substrates
Authors: Rudziński M. , Kudrawiec R. , Kucharski R. , Dwiliński R. , Strupiński W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this work we present structural, optical and electrical properties of GaN epilayers and AlGaN/GaN MOCVD heterostructures obtained on polar and non‐polar 10x10 mm2, 1 and 1.5 inch bulk ammonothermal GaN substrates. The results were obtained based not only on a single‐point measurement but also on mapping across the sample area. In contactless electroreflectance (CER) spectra CER resonances related to optical transitions between excited states were clearly observed for GaN/AlGaN QWs grown on c ‐plane GaN substrates, whereas such features were not noted in the case of GaN/AlGaN QWs grown on m ‐plane GaN substrates. This experimental result clearly shows that the polarization‐related electric field leads to the quantum confinement of some extra states in the polar QW system. To check the advantage of homo‐epitaxy using ammonothermal GaN, high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), and light emitting diodes (LEDs) structures were grown on (0001) Ga‐polarity, semi‐insulating and conductive GaN substrates respectively (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dereferee: instrumenting C++ pointers with meaningful runtime diagnostics
Authors: Allevato Anthony , Edwards Stephen H. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYProper memory management and pointer usage often prove to be the most difficult concepts for students learning C++ to grasp. Compounding this problem is the fact that the compilers and runtime environments traditionally used to introduce these concepts leave much to be desired with regard to generating meaningful diagnostics to assist students in tracking down and fixing memory‐related logical errors. To alleviate this, we have developed Dereferee, an advanced yet thin wrapper around C++ pointers that greatly increases the quality of these runtime diagnostics, but with only a small amount of intrusion into the development process. With regard to performance, memory‐intensive programs will experience execution times approximately 20–30 times slower when using Dereferee, which is comparable with other similar tools. Furthermore, the library has been designed to be customizable and easily disabled to transition codes from development to production.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Religious and Existential Well‐being in Families with Lynch Syndrome: Prevention, Family Communication, and Psychosocial Adjustment
Authors: Morris Bronwyn A. , Hadley Donald W. , Koehly Laura M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study explored the role of religious (RWB) and existential well‐being (EWB) on psychosocial factors, support network characteristics, and screening practices in families with Lynch syndrome, also referred to as hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). Participants were individuals with Lynch syndrome associated cancers and their first‐degree relatives at risk of inheriting an identified deleterious mutation. Analyses considered both family RWB and EWB norms and individual deviations from that norm. Analyses controlled for age, gender, cancer diagnosis, number of respondents, and network size. Higher family RWB was associated with increased depressive symptoms (p < .05) and avoidant cognitions (p < .05). Higher family EWB was related to decreased depression symptoms (p < .001). Higher family EWB was associated with fecal occult blood testing (p < .01), and family communication about genetic counselling and testing (p < .01). Analyses pointed to individual effects of EWB above and beyond family‐level effects. Individuals with lower EWB than their family had lower perceived risk for colorectal cancer (p < .05), communicated disease risk information to less family members (p < .05), and were less likely to undergo recent colonoscopies (p < .05). Participants with lower EWB than their family also had higher cancer worry (p < .01) and increased depressive symptoms (p < .001). Findings indicate the importance of assessing individuals within the context of their family network and being aware of family characteristics which may impact individual adjustment to disease risk. Interventions considering family‐level factors may provide efficient pathways to improving psychosocial factors, screening practices, communication about disease risk and genetic testing, and cancer prevention.
Explaining variability in parasite aggregation levels among host samples
Authors: POULIN ROBERT 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYAggregated distributions among individual hosts are a defining feature of metazoan parasite populations. Heterogeneity among host individuals in exposure to parasites or in susceptibility to infection is thought to be the main factor generating aggregation, with properties of parasites themselves explaining some of the variability in aggregation levels observed among species. Here, using data from 410 samples of helminth parasites on fish hosts, I tested the contribution of (i) within-sample variation in host body size, taken as a proxy for variability in host susceptibility, and (ii) parasite taxon and developmental stage, to the aggregated distribution of parasites. Log-transformed variance in numbers of parasites per host was regressed against log mean number across all samples; the strong relationship (r2 = 0·88) indicated that aggregation levels are tightly constrained by mean infection levels, and that only a small proportion of the observed variability in parasite aggregation levels remains to be accounted for by other factors. Using the residuals of this regression as measures of ‘unexplained’ aggregation, a mixed effects model revealed no significant effect of within-sample variation in host body size or of parasite taxon or stage (i.e. juvenile versus adult) on parasite aggregation level within a sample. However, much of the remaining variability in parasite aggregation levels among samples was accounted for by the number of individual hosts examined per sample, and species-specific and study-specific effects reflecting idiosyncrasies of particular systems. This suggests that with most differences in aggregation among samples already explained, there may be little point in seeking universal causes for the remaining variation.
Computational evaluation of the Traceback Method
Authors: KOL SHELI , NIR BRACHA , WINTNER SHULY 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSeveral models of language acquisition have emerged in recent years that rely on computational algorithms for simulation and evaluation. Computational models are formal and precise, and can thus provide mathematically well-motivated insights into the process of language acquisition. Such models are amenable to robust computational evaluation, using technology that was developed for Information Retrieval and Computational Linguistics. In this article we advocate the use of such technology for the evaluation of formal models of language acquisition. We focus on the Traceback Method, proposed in several recent studies as a model of early language acquisition, explaining some of the phenomena associated with children's ability to generalize previously heard utterances and generate novel ones. We present a rigorous computational evaluation that reveals some flaws in the method, and suggest directions for improving it.
Biogas in organic agriculture—effects on productivity, energy self-sufficiency and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Pugesgaard Siri , Olesen Jørgen E. , Jørgensen Uffe , Dalgaard Tommy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAnaerobic digestion of manure and crops provides the possibility of a combined production of renewable energy and organic fertilizer on organic farms and has been suggested as an option to improve sustainability of organic agriculture. In the present study, the consequences of implementation of anaerobic digestion and biogas production were analyzed on a 1000 ha model farm with combined dairy and cash crop production, representing organic agriculture in Denmark. The effects on crop rotation, nitrogen flows and losses, yield, energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were evaluated for four scenarios of biogas production on the farm. Animal manure was digested for biogas production in all scenarios and was supplemented with: (1) 100 ha grass–clover for biogas, (2) 100 ha maize for biogas, (3) 200 ha grass–clover for biogas and reduced number of livestock, and (4) 200 ha grass–clover for biogas, reduced number of livestock and import of biomass from cuttings made in ungrazed meadows. These four scenarios were compared with the current situation in organic agriculture in Denmark and to a situation where slurry from conventional agriculture is no longer imported. Implementation of anaerobic digestion changed the nitrogen flows on the farm by increasing the slurry nitrogen plant availability and introducing new nitrogen sources from legume-based energy crops or meadows. The amount of nitrogen available for application as fertilizer on the farm increased when grass–clover was used for biogas production, but decreased when maize was used. Since part of the area was used for biogas production, the total output of foodstuffs from the farm was decreased. Effects on GHG emissions and net energy production were assessed by use of the whole-farm model FarmGHG. A positive farm energy balance was obtained for all biogas scenarios, showing that biomass production for biogas on 10% of the farm area results in an energy surplus, provided that the heat from the electricity production is utilized. The energy surplus implies a displacement of fossil fuels and thereby reduced CO2emission from the farm. Emissions of N2O were not affected substantially by biogas production. Total emissions of methane (CH4) were slightly decreased due to a 17–48% decrease in emissions from the manure store. Net GHG emission was reduced by 35–85% compared with the current situation in organic agriculture. It was concluded that production of biogas on organic farms holds the possibility for the farms to achieve a positive energy balance, provide self-sufficiency with organic fertilizer nitrogen, and reduce GHG emissions.
Citrullination as early-stage indicator of cell response to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Mohamed Bashir Mustafa , Movia Dania , Knyazev Anton , Langevin Dominique , Davies Anthony Mitchell , Prina-Mello Adriele , Volkov Yuri 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely explored as potential technologies for information systems and medical applications. The impact of SWCNTs on human health is of prime concern, if SWCNTs have a future in the manufacturing industry. This study proposes a novel, inflammation-independent paradigm of toxicity for SWCNTs, identifying the protein citrullination process as early-stage indicator of inflammatory responses of macrophages (THP-1) and of subtle phenotypic damages of lung epithelial (A549) cells following exposure to chemically-treated SWCNTs. Our results showed that, while most of the cellular responses of A549 cells exposed to SWCNTs are different to those of similarly treated THP-1 cells, the protein citrullination process is triggered in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both cell lines, with thresholds comparable between inflammatory (THP-1) and non-inflammatory (A549) cell types. The cellular mechanism proposed herein could have a high impact in predicting the current risk associated with environmental exposure to SWCNTs.
Tribological study of borated hydroxyalkyldithiocarbamate as additive for environmentally adapted lubricants
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Li Jiusheng , Sun Lingguo , Xue Qunji 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe fast growing concern for maintaining integrity of the environment has built up development of environmentally‐adapted lubricants. Because of their toxicity, most of the traditional lubricating additives cannot be used in this kind of lubricant. The purpose of this paper is to find a borate ester derivative which can be used as a multifunctional additive in rapeseed oils (RSO).Design/methodology/approachA borated S‐2‐hydroxypropyl N, N‐dibutyl dithiocarbamate (BDTC) was synthesized and characterized. Its tribological properties in rapeseed oil as multifunctional additive were evaluated, using a four‐ball tribometer and compared with one kind of commercial MoDTC. In addition, its thermal stability was identified using TGA and antioxidative ability tested by PDSC. The action mechanism of BDTC was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometer (APCI/MS) analysis.FindingsResults show that BDTC exhibits high thermal stability, possesses comprehensive tribological performance in rapeseed oil, and has evident effect in controlling the oxidation of RSO. Analysis of worn surface indicates that BDTC was decomposed and reacted with metal during the friction process. The lubricating film mainly contains inorganic boron compound (B2O3), organic nitrogen derivatives and FeSO4.Originality/valueThis paper provides a borate ester derivative which possesses excellent tribological properties and can be used as a multifunctional ashless additive in environmentally‐adapted lubricants. Furthermore, an innovative method, APCI/MS, was used to analyze the tribo‐fragmentation behavior of BDTC.