bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and tissue‐specific disruption of LINC complexes in vivo
Authors: Razafsky David , Hodzic Didier 
Published: February 2014

SummaryMigration and anchorage of nuclei within developing and adult tissues rely on Linkers of the Nucleoskeleton to the Cytoskeleton (LINC complexes). These macromolecular assemblies span the nuclear envelope and physically couple chromatin and nuclear lamina to cytoplasmic cytoskeletal networks. LINC complexes assemble within the perinuclear space through direct interactions between the respective evolutionary‐conserved SUN and KASH domains of Sun proteins, which reside within the inner nuclear membrane, and Nesprins, which reside within the outer nuclear membrane. Here, we describe and validate a dominant‐negative transgenic strategy allowing for the disruption of endogenous SUN/KASH interactions through the inducible expression of a recombinant KASH domain. Our approach, which is based on the Cre/Lox system, allows for the targeted disruption of LINC complexes in a wide array of mouse tissues or specific cell types thereof and bypasses the perinatal lethality and potential cell nonautonomous effects of current mouse models based on germline inactivation of genes encoding Sun proteins and Nesprins. For these reasons, this mouse model provides a useful tool to evaluate the physiological relevance of LINC complexes integrity during development and homeostasis in a wide array of mammalian tissues. genesis 52:359–365, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Branching out: Origins of the sea urchin larval skeleton in development and evolution
Authors: McIntyre Daniel C. , Lyons Deirdre C. , Martik Megan , McClay David R. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIt is a challenge to understand how the information encoded in DNA is used to build a three‐dimensional structure. To explore how this works the assembly of a relatively simple skeleton has been examined at multiple control levels. The skeleton of the sea urchin embryo consists of a number of calcite rods produced by 64 skeletogenic cells. The ectoderm supplies spatial cues for patterning, essentially telling the skeletogenic cells where to position themselves and providing the factors for skeletal growth. Here, we describe the information known about how this works. First the ectoderm must be patterned so that the signaling cues are released from precise positions. The skeletogenic cells respond by initiating skeletogenesis immediately beneath two regions (one on the right and the other on the left side). Growth of the skeletal rods requires additional signaling from defined ectodermal locations, and the skeletogenic cells respond to produce a membrane‐bound template in which the calcite crystal grows. Important in this process are three signals, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Wnt5. Each is necessary for explicit tasks in skeleton production. genesis 52:173–185. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specification and positioning of the anterior neuroectoderm in deuterostome embryos
Authors: Range Ryan 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe molecular mechanisms used by deuterostome embryos (vertebrates, urochordates, cephalochordates, hemichordates, and echinoderms) to specify and then position the anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) along the anterior–posterior axis are incompletely understood. Studies in several deuterostome embryos suggest that the ANE is initially specified by an early, broad regulatory state. Then, a posterior‐to‐anterior wave of respecification restricts this broad ANE potential to the anterior pole. In vertebrates, sea urchins and hemichordates a posterior–anterior gradient of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling plays an essential and conserved role in this process. Recent data collected from the basal deuterostome sea urchin embryo suggests that positioning the ANE to the anterior pole involves more than the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, instead relying on the integration of information from the Wnt/β‐catenin, Wnt/JNK, and Wnt/PKC pathways. Moreover, comparison of functional and expression data from the ambulacrarians, invertebrate chordates, and vertebrates strongly suggests that this Wnt network might be an ANE positioning mechanism shared by all deuterostomes. genesis 52:222–234. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence and clinical impact of QRS duration in patients with low‐flow/low‐gradient aortic stenosis due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Sebag Frédéric A. , Lellouche Nicolas , Chaachoui Najia , Dubois‐Rande Jean‐Luc , Gueret Pascal , Monin Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2014

AimsTo evaluate the prognostic impact of QRS width in patients with low‐flow/low‐gradient aortic stenosis (LF/LGAS).Methods and resultsAmong 88 consecutive patients referred to our institution for LF/LGAS from September 1994 to March 2007, baseline demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic data were collected. This population was divided into two groups according to baseline QRS duration (cut‐off QRS ≥130 ms). Follow‐up data, including electrocardiographic evolution and overall mortality, were analysed. The mean follow‐up duration was 3.1 (2.2–6.2) years. In the whole group, 67 patients underwent surgical aortic valve replacement. Forty‐nine patients (56%) had a QRS duration ≥130 ms. Among operated patients, there was no significant change in QRS duration between baseline and latest follow‐up (126 ± 26 ms vs. 131 ± 25 ms; P = 0.82). In addition, wider QRS was a strong independent predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.15–4.24; P = 0.027).ConclusionSignificant intraventricular conduction disturbances are common in patients with LF/LGAS and do not recover after aortic valve replacement. QRS duration is strongly associated with mortality in this selected population.
Winning Big but Feeling no Better? The Effect of Lottery Prizes on Physical and Mental Health
Authors: Apouey Benedicte , Clark Andrew E. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWe use British panel data to determine the exogenous impact of income on a number of individual health outcomes: general health status, mental health, physical health problems, and health behaviours (drinking and smoking). Lottery winnings allow us to make causal statements regarding the effect of income on health, as the amount won by winners is largely exogenous. Positive income shocks have no significant effect on self‐assessed overall health, but a significant positive effect on mental health. This result seems paradoxical on two levels. First, there is a well‐known gradient in health status in cross‐sectional data, and second, general health should partly reflect mental health, so that we may expect both variables to move in the same direction. We propose a solution to the first apparent paradox by underlining the endogeneity of income. For the second, we show that lottery winnings are also associated with more smoking and social drinking. General health will reflect both mental health and the effect of these behaviours and so may not improve following a positive income shock. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional dissociation of adult‐born neurons along the dorsoventral axis of the dentate gyrus
Authors: Wu Melody V. , Hen René 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAdult‐born granule cells in the mammalian dentate gyrus have long been implicated in hippocampal dependent spatial learning and behavioral effects of chronic antidepressant treatment. Although recent anatomical and functional evidence indicates a dissociation of the dorsal and ventral regions of the hippocampus, it is not known if adult neurogenesis within each region specifically contributes to distinct functions or whether adult‐born cells along the entire dorsoventral axis are required for these behaviors. We examined the role of distinct subpopulations of adult‐born hippocampal granule cells in learning‐ and anxiety‐related behaviors using low‐dose focal x‐irradiation directed specifically to the dorsal or ventral dentate gyrus. Our findings indicate a functional dissociation between adult‐born neurons along the longitudinal axis of the dentate gyrus wherein new neurons in the dorsal dentate gyrus are required for timely acquisition of contextual discrimination while immature neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus are necessary for anxiolytic/antidepressant‐related effects of fluoxetine. Interestingly, when contexts are presented with altered temporal cues, or fluoxetine is administered alongside chronic glucocorticoid treatment, this dissociation is abrogated such that adult‐born neurons across the entire dorsoventral extent of the dentate gyrus appear to contribute to these behaviors. Our results suggest that individual subpopulations of adult‐born hippocampal neurons may be sufficient to mediate distinct behaviors in certain conditions, but are required to act in concert in more challenging situations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteoporosis Medication Use After Hip Fracture in U.S. Patients Between 2002 and 2011
Authors: Solomon Daniel H , Johnston Stephen S , Boytsov Natalie N , McMorrow Donna , Lane Joseph M , Krohn Kelly D 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT Hip fractures are common, morbid, costly, and associated with subsequent fractures. Historically, postfracture osteoporosis medication use rates have been poor, but have not been recently examined in a large-scale study. We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study based on U.S. administrative insurance claims data for beneficiaries with commercial or Medicare supplemental health insurance. Eligible participants were hospitalized for hip fracture between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2011, and aged 50 years or older at admission. The outcome of interest was osteoporosis medication use within 12 months after discharge. Patients were censored after 12 months, loss to follow-up, or a medical claim for cancer or Paget's disease, whichever event occurred first. During the study period, 96,887 beneficiaries met the inclusion criteria; they had a mean age of 80 years and 70% were female. A total of 34,389 (35.5%) patients were censored before reaching 12 months of follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier estimated probability of osteoporosis medication use within 12 months after discharge was 28.5%. The rates declined significantly from 40.2% in 2002, to 20.5% in 2011 (p for trend &lt;0.001). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, a number of patient characteristics were associated with reduced likelihood of osteoporosis medication use, including older age and male gender. However, the predictor most strongly and most positively associated with osteoporosis medication use after fracture was osteoporosis medication use before the fracture (hazard ratio = 7.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.23–7.69). Most patients suffering a hip fracture do not use osteoporosis medication in the subsequent year and treatment rates have worsened. © 2014 Eli Lilly and Company. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Infusing Leadership Education in the Undergraduate Engineering Experience: A Framework from UCF's eli2
Authors: Kotnour Tim , Hoekstra Robert , Reilly Charles , Knight Robin , Selter Jack 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe current article describes the efforts to infuse leadership concepts into undergraduate engineering programs. There is a strong national push for enhancing the undergraduate engineering educational experiences. A short overview of the need and current practices is provided. A case study of the University of Central Florida's Engineering Leadership & Innovation Institute (eli2) is provided. The case study provides a process used to define the institute and a description of the institute's program. A person responsible for developing and running an engineering leadership effort can use the information to identify potential approaches for his or her institute.
Seamless Leadership Learning in Curricular and Cocurricular Facets of University Life: A Pragmatic Approach to Praxis
Authors: Buschlen Eric , Guthrie Kathy L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe development of curricular and cocurricular leadership experiences is often a complex undertaking, second only to the complexities of learning how to lead effectively. The current article outlines the shared and diverse experiences of two leadership faculty charged with coordinating academic leadership programs at separate institutions. Both faculty members were previously student affairs professionals and chose to educate undergraduate leaders in the classroom while providing research for the leadership consortium. Additionally, both faculty members continue to partner with student affairs to facilitate strong curricular and cocurricular student experiences. The current article shares a practical approach to providing ongoing strategic practice opportunities for future leaders enrolled in academic, undergraduate leadership education programs while suggesting the creation of a common leadership language for both academic and cocurricular programs.
Agricultural Leadership Education: Past History, Present Reality, and Future Directions
Authors: Velez Jonathan J. , Moore Lori L. , Bruce Jacklyn A. , Stephens Carrie A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe article explores the past, present, and projected future of agricultural leadership education. Beginning with roots in youth leadership development and grounded in land‐grant universities, agricultural leadership education has undergone a shift from working primarily with rural youth to a new focus on also educating undergraduate and graduate students to empower community members and create change. The renewed focus has encouraged recent growth and in the last 10 years, the profession has added three leadership majors, six leadership minors, seven leadership focus areas, seven undergraduate leadership programs, and four graduate leadership programs. Research exploring the student impact of agricultural leadership education revealed that nationwide a total of 7,904 students are exposed to 208 agricultural leadership education courses. As the discipline continues to mature, recommendations are made for continued program development. Discussion highlights prior research examining potential courses to include types of experiences, program objectives, and career connectedness relating to agricultural leadership education. Programs have ample opportunity for future growth and recommendations are made to continue the development of innovative leadership opportunities and consistent pedagogical practices across institutions.
The forced‐response test does not discriminate ears with different otitis media expressions
Authors: Casselbrant Margaretha L. , Mandel Ellen M. , Seroky James T. , Swarts J. Douglas , Doyle William J. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTest the hypothesis that the eustachian tube (ET) function measured using standard manometric test methods is different between groups of ears with tympanostomy tubes inserted for recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) and for chronic otitis media with effusion (COME).Study DesignA cross‐sectional study of ET function in populations of young children with different otitis media expressions.MethodsThe results for forced‐response testing of ET function were compared using a general linear model between 37 ears of 26 children and 34 ears of 26 children, aged 3 and 4 years, with ventilation tubes inserted for COME and RAOM, respectively.ResultsThere were no significant between‐group differences in either the active measure of ET opening function, dilatory efficiency, or in the passive measures reflecting the magnitude of the forces that tend to hold the ET lumen closed, the opening and closing pressures, and passive trans‐ET conductance.ConclusionsThe results do not support the hypothesis that ET closing forces are less in ears with RAOM when compared to ears with COME, and from the results of earlier studies, ears without disease. Both groups were characterized by a low ET opening efficiency (referenced to ears of adults with no disease history). Because both disease expressions present the same pattern of ET dysfunction, other factors are required to explain why a subset of ears with that type of dysfunction develop RAOM, as opposed to the default expression of COME.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 124:2619–2623, 2014
Rates of revision and device failure in cochlear implant surgery: A 30‐year experience
Authors: Wang Jeffrey T. , Wang Allen Y. , Psarros Colleen , Da Cruz Melville 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize revision cochlear implant surgery and quantify rates of revision and device failure.Study DesignRetrospective review of 235 cases of revision cochlear implant surgery performed at the Sydney Cochlear Implant Center over a period of 30 years, between January 1982 and June 2011.MethodsPatient demographics and characteristics of revision surgery were retrospectively extracted from a centralized database. Analyses of overall and cumulative rates were performed.ResultsDuring the study period, 2,827 primary cochlear implantations were performed in 2,311 patients, with 201 primary implants in 191 patients of this cohort (109 children and 82 adults) undergoing 235 revision surgeries. The most common indication for revision surgery was device failure (57.8%), followed by migration/extrusion (23.4%), infection/wound complication (17.0%), and poor outcome/secondary pathology (6.4%). The majority of revision surgeries were reimplantations. Overall revision and device failure rates were 8.3% and 4.8%, respectively. The cumulative revision rate for primary implants at all ages increased linearly by 1% per year. The cumulative revision rate was significantly higher in children, and decreased with more recently performed implantations and with newer generations of implants.ConclusionsThe cumulative revision rate for primary implants suggests an ongoing linear relationship between the time of postprimary implantation and the need for revision surgery. We have formed an evidence base that characterizes the nature and frequency of revision surgery in a high‐volume setting, allowing clinicians to effectively counsel prospective patients and clinics to understand the burden of revision surgery and device failure.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope 124:2393–2399, 2014
The use and perceived helpfulness of self‐help interventions for depressive symptoms and sub‐threshold depression: comparisons among the general population, patients with depression, and psychiatrists
Authors: Shin Eun‐Hee , Ha Juwon , Lim Se‐Won , Kwak Su‐Jin , Ryu Seong‐Gon , Ryu Seung‐Ho , Cho Seong‐Jin , Paik Jong‐Woo , Lee Byung‐Chul , Oh Kang‐Seob 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the patterns of use and perceived helpfulness of self‐help interventions for depressive symptoms and sub‐threshold depression in Korean samples drawn from the general population, patients with depression, and psychiatrists. A total of 1000 adults from the community, 114 patients with sub‐threshold or mild depression, and 201 psychiatrists were asked to complete questionnaires about the use and helpfulness of 20 self‐help interventions for depression chosen via the Delphi method. Psychiatrists (82.6%) and the general population (67.2%) were more likely to prefer self‐help methods than were patients with depressive disorders (28.4%). Lifestyle change and psychological approaches were the preferred interventions among those with depressive disorders. Although the general population was more likely to prefer to use health supplements and dietary interventions, the perceived helpfulness of these approaches was generally lower than that of the other interventions. Although self‐help strategies have been widely used, psychiatrists, patients with depression, and the general population differ with respect to their preferred intervention. Members of the general population were more likely than were psychiatrists and patients to use not consensually accepted interventions. The evidence‐based use of self‐help strategies for depression should be promoted by providing information about their effectiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motor unit number estimations are smaller in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A case–cohort study
Authors: Toth Cory , Hebert Valerie , Gougeon Claire , Virtanen Heidi , Mah Jean K. , Pacaud Daniele 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We studied the potential for motor unit number estimation (MUNE) to detect subclinical changes in motor unit numbers in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Blinded observers performed clinical assessment, electrophysiology, and multipoint MUNE of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle in children with DM for ≥5 years and age‐matched healthy controls. Results: For 51 DM subjects, the disease duration was 9.1 ± 2.6 years. Subjects with DM and healthy controls (n = 21) had similar demographics. There were no clinical symptoms or signs of peripheral neuropathy in any subject, nor differences in standard electrophysiology between cohorts. Estimated motor unit numbers were decreased significantly in children with DM (224 ± 87 vs. 274 ± 101, P = 0.036). Conclusion: Despite the absence of clinical or standard electrophysiological differences from normal control subjects, MUNE can detect a small significant difference in children with DM, suggesting that motor unit loss begins early and subclinically in the disease. Muscle Nerve 50: 593–598, 2014
Effectiveness of interventions by community pharmacists to reduce risk of gastrointestinal side effects in nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users
Authors: Teichert Martina , Griens Fabienne , Buijs Edgar , Wensing Michel , De Smet Peter AGM 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeUpper gastrointestinal (UGI) complications in elderly users of nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (ns‐NSAIDs) without concomitant use of gastroprotective agents (GPAs) were a leading cause of potentially avoidable drug‐related hospital admissions in the Netherlands. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of community pharmacists' interventions to improve safety in ns‐NSAID use in patients at UGI risk.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, pharmacists in participating pharmacies (intervention group, IG) received feedback on drug dispensing in ns‐NSAID users of ≥60 years of age at risk for UGI damage and were instructed to select patients to improve ns‐NSAID prescribing, in collaboration with primary care physicians. Ns‐NSAID users from other pharmacies without concomitant GPA use were followed in parallel as a control group (CG). Changes in the UGI risk of ns‐NSAID users between baseline and follow‐up measurement, assessed either by the addition of GPAs or the cessation of ns‐NSAIDs, were compared between the two study arms.ResultsAt baseline, 14% of ns‐NSAID users at UGI risk did not receive GPAs. Persistent ns‐NSAID users from the selected IG patients had an additional 7% likelihood of reduced UGI risk at follow‐up (odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.97) compared with CG patients. In the IG, 91% of selected IG patients at UGI risk from ns‐NSAIDs at baseline were no longer at increased risk at follow‐up because of cessation of ns‐NSAIDS or to concomitant GPA use.ConclusionAlthough concomitant gastroprotection use in susceptible ns‐NSAID users in the Netherlands is high, pharmacist‐led interventions could further improve prescribing of ns‐NSAIDs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.