bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into the fine-scale structure of turbulence
Authors: Wilczek Michael 
Published: November 2015

In a recent study, Lawson & Dawson (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 780, 2015, pp. 60–98) present experimental results on the fine-scale structure of turbulence, which are obtained with a novel variant of particle image velocimetry, to elucidate the relation between the small-scale structure, dynamics and statistics of turbulence. The results are carefully validated against direct numerical simulation data. Their extensive study focuses on the mean structure of the velocity gradient and the pressure Hessian fields for various small-scale flow topologies. It thereby reveals the dynamical impact of turbulent strain and vorticity structures on the velocity gradient statistics through non-local interactions, and points out ways to improve low-dimensional closure models for the dynamics of small-scale turbulence.
Assessing Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Ge Jingjie , Wu Ping , Peng Shichun , Yu Huan , Zhang Huiwei , Guan Yihui , Eidelberg David , Zuo Chuantao , Ma Yilong , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2015

Correction to: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism advance online publication, 29 July 2015; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2015.173. Following the online publication of this article, the authors noted that the order of the appearance of affiliations and the information of the correspondence were placed incorrectly. The affiliations of the authors and the order of the correspondence have been reordered as follows: Jingjie Ge2,4, Ping Wu2,4, Shichun Peng3, Huan Yu1, Huiwei Zhang2, Yihui Guan2, David Eidelberg3, Chuantao Zuo2, Yilong Ma3,5, Jian Wang1,5 1Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; 2PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and 3Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA. Correspondence: Dr J Wang, Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China or Dr Y Ma, Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA. 4These authors contributed equally to this work. 5These authors shared senior authorship. E-mail: wangjian336@hotmail.com or yma@nshs.edu
A hot-electron thermophotonic solar cell demonstrated by thermal up-conversion of sub-bandgap photons
Authors: Farrell Daniel J. , Sodabanlu Hassanet , Wang Yunpeng , Sugiyama Masakazu , Okada Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe direct conversion of solar energy to electricity can be broadly separated into two main categories: photovoltaics and thermal photovoltaics, where the former utilizes gradients in electrical potential and the latter thermal gradients. Conventional thermal photovoltaics has a high theoretical efficiency limit (84%) but in practice cannot be easily miniaturized and is limited by the engineering challenges of sustaining large (>1,000 K) temperature gradients. Here we show a hot-carrier-based thermophotonic solar cell, which combines the compact nature of photovoltaic devices with the potential to reach the high-efficiency regime of thermal photovoltaics. In the device, a thermal gradient of 500 K is established by hot electrons, under Stokes illumination, rather than by raising the temperature of the material itself. Under anti-Stokes (sub-bandgap) illumination we observe a thermal gradient of ∼20 K, which is maintained by steady-state Auger heating of carriers and corresponds to a internal thermal up-conversion efficiency of 30% between the collector and solar cell.
A comparative genomics and reductive dehalogenase gene transcription study of two chloroethene-respiring bacteria, Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains MB and 11a
Authors: Low Adrian , Shen Zhiyong , Cheng Dan , Rogers Matthew J. , Lee Patrick K. H. , He Jianzhong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGenomes of two trichloroethene (TCE)-respiring Dehalococcoides (Dhc) mccartyi, strains MB and 11a, were sequenced to identify reductive dehalogenases (RDase) responsible for oraganohalide respiration. Transcription analyses were conducted to verify the roles of RDase subunit A genes (rdhA) in chloroethene respiration. Some interesting features of the strain MB draft genome include a large genome size, two CRISPR-cas type I systems and 38 rdhA genes. Strain 11a has a stream-lined genome with 11 rdhA genes, of which nine are distinct. Quantitative real-time PCR transcription analysis of RDase gene transcripts showed that a single RDase gene, designated mbrA, was up-regulated upon exposure to TCE and no other RDase genes were considerably expressed in strain MB. A single RDase gene, designated vcrA, was up-regulated upon exposure to TCE and expressed at a steady level until all chloroethenes were completely dechlorinated to ethene at 147 h in strain 11a. Overall, this study reports the genomes of two distinct Dhc strains; both contain numerous uncharacterized RDase genes, but in each strain only one such gene was expressed highly during organohalide respiration.
Synthetic Tet-inducible artificial microRNAs targeting β-catenin or HIF-1α inhibit malignant phenotypes of bladder cancer cells T24 and 5637
Authors: Zhan Yonghao , Liu Yuchen , Lin Junhao , Fu Xing , Zhuang Chengle , Liu Li , Xu Wen , Li Jianfa , Chen Mingwei , Zhao Guoping , Huang Weiren , Cai Zhiming 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRibonucleic acid interference (RNAi) based on microRNA (miRNA) may provide efficient and safe therapeutic opportunities. However, natural microRNAs can not easily be regulated and usually cause few phenotypic changes. Using the engineering principles of synthetic biology, we provided a novel and standard platform for the generation of tetracycline (Tet)-inducible vectors that express artificial microRNAs in a dosage-dependent manner. The vector generates a Pol II promoter-mediated artificial microRNA which was flanked by ribozyme sequences. In order to prove the utility of this platform, we chose β-catenin and HIF-1α as the functional targets and used the bladder cancer cell lines 5637 and T24 as the test models. We found that the Tet-inducible artificial microRNAs can effectively silence the target genes and their downstream genes and induce anti-cancer effects in the two bladder cancer cell lines. These devices can inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and suppress migration of the bladder cancer cell lines 5637 and T24. The Tet-inducible synthetic artificial microRNAs may represent a kind of novel therapeutic strategies for treating human bladder cancer.
Fast Optimized Cluster Algorithm for Localizations (FOCAL): a spatial cluster analysis for super-resolved microscopy
Authors: Mazouchi A. , Milstein J. N. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) microscopy provides images of cellular structure at a resolution an order of magnitude below what can be achieved by conventional diffraction limited techniques. The concomitantly larger data sets generated by SMLM require increasingly efficient image analysis software. Density based clustering algorithms, with the most ubiquitous being DBSCAN, are commonly used to quantitatively assess sub-cellular assemblies. DBSCAN, however, is slow, scaling with the number of localizations like O(n log (n)) at best, and it’s performance is highly dependent upon a subjectively selected choice of parameters.
Results: We have developed a grid-based clustering algorithm FOCAL, which explicitly accounts for several dominant artifacts arising in SMLM image reconstructions. FOCAL is fast and efficient, scaling like O(n), and only has one set parameter. We assess DBSCAN and FOCAL on experimental dSTORM data of clusters of eukaryotic RNAP II and PALM data of the bacterial protein H-NS, then provide a detailed comparison via simulation. FOCAL performs comparable and often superior to DBSCAN while yielding a significantly faster analysis. Additionally, FOCAL provides a novel method for filtering out of focus clusters from complex SMLM images.
Availability and implementation: The data and code are available at: http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/milsteinlab/resources/Software/FOCAL/
Contact: josh.milstein@utoronto.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
meRanTK: methylated RNA analysis ToolKit
Authors: Rieder Dietmar , Amort Thomas , Kugler Elisabeth , Lusser Alexandra , Trajanoski Zlatko 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Summary: The significance and function of posttranscriptional cytosine methylation in poly(A)RNA attracts great interest but is still poorly understood. High-throughput sequencing of RNA treated with bisulfite (RNA-BSseq) or subjected to enrichment techniques like Aza-IP or miCLIP enables transcriptome wide studies of this particular modification at single base pair resolution. However, to date, there are no specialized software tools available for the analysis of RNA-BSseq or Aza-IP data. Therefore, we developed meRanTK, the first publicly available tool kit which addresses the special demands of high-throughput RNA cytosine methylation data analysis. It provides fast and easy to use splice-aware bisulfite sequencing read mapping, comprehensive methylation calling and identification of differentially methylated cytosines by statistical analysis of single- and multi-replicate experiments. Application of meRanTK to RNA-BSseq or Aza-IP data produces accurate results in standard compliant formats.
Availability and Implementation: meRanTK, source code and test data are released under the GNU GPLv3+ license and are available at http://icbi.at/software/meRanTK/.
Contact: dietmar.rieder@i-med.ac.at
Prolonged Operative Time to Extubation Is Not a Useful Metric for Comparing the Performance of Individual Anesthesia Providers
Authors: Bayman Emine Ozgur , Dexter Franklin , Todd Michael M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAbstract
In a review of over 27,000 anesthetics in a university practice, approximately 20% of extubations were prolonged, with 95% confidence bounds spanning less than 1%. By a frequentist approach on this small variance data set, 40% of individual anesthesiologists were outliers, whereas with a Bayesian approach only 1% were. Focusing on changing extubation times only for practitioners who were outliers would have minimal effect on operating room workflow.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
One anesthesiologist performance metric is the incidence of “prolonged” (15 min or longer after dressing complete) times to extubation. The authors used several methods to identify the performance outliers and assess whether targeting these outliers for reduction could improve operating room workflow.

Methods
Time to extubation data were retrieved for 27,757 anesthetics and 81 faculty anesthesiologists. Provider-specific incidences of prolonged extubation were assessed by using unadjusted frequentist statistics and a Bayesian model adjusted for prone positioning, American Society of Anesthesiologist’s base units, and case duration.

Results
20.31% of extubations were “prolonged,” and 40% of anesthesiologists were identified as outliers using a frequentist approach, that is, incidence greater than upper 95% CI (20.71%). With an adjusted Bayesian model, only one anesthesiologist was deemed an outlier. If an average anesthesiologist performed all extubations, the incidence of prolonged extubations would change negligibly (to 20.67%). If the anesthesiologist with the highest incidence of prolonged extubations was replaced with an average anesthesiologist, the change was also negligible (20.01%). Variability among anesthesiologists in the incidence of prolonged extubations was significantly less than among other providers.

Conclusions
Bayesian methodology with covariate adjustment is better suited to performance monitoring than an unadjusted, nonhierarchical frequentist approach because it is less likely to identify individuals spuriously as outliers. Targeting outliers in an effort to alter operating room activities is unlikely to have an operational impact (although monitoring may serve other purposes). If change is deemed necessary, it must be made by improving the average behavior of everyone and by focusing on anesthesia providers rather than on faculty.
Team dynamics, clinical work satisfaction, and patient care coordination between primary care providers
Authors: Song Hummy , Ryan Molly , Tendulkar Shalini , Fisher Josephine , Martin Julia , Peters Antoinette S. , Frolkis Joseph P. , Rosenthal Meredith B. , Chien Alyna T. , Singer Sara J. 
Published: November 2015

Background:
Team-based care is essential for delivering high-quality, comprehensive, and coordinated care. Despite considerable research about the effects of team-based care on patient outcomes, few studies have examined how team dynamics relate to provider outcomes.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to examine relationships among team dynamics, primary care provider (PCP) clinical work satisfaction, and patient care coordination between PCPs in 18 Harvard-affiliated primary care practices participating in Harvard’s Academic Innovations Collaborative.

Methodology:
First, we administered a cross-sectional survey to all 548 PCPs (267 attending clinicians, 281 resident physicians) working at participating practices; 65% responded. We assessed the relationship of team dynamics with PCPs’ clinical work satisfaction and perception of patient care coordination between PCPs, respectively, and the potential mediating effect of patient care coordination on the relationship between team dynamics and work satisfaction. In addition, we embedded a qualitative evaluation within the quantitative evaluation to achieve a convergent mixed methods design to help us better understand our findings and illuminate relationships among key variables.

Findings:
Better team dynamics were positively associated with clinical work satisfaction and quality of patient care coordination between PCPs. Coordination partially mediated the relationship between team dynamics and satisfaction for attending clinicians, suggesting that higher satisfaction depends, in part, on better teamwork, yielding more coordinated patient care. We found no mediating effects for resident physicians. Qualitative results suggest that sources of satisfaction from positive team dynamics for PCPs may be most relevant to attending clinicians.

Practice Implications:
Improving primary care team dynamics could improve clinical work satisfaction among PCPs and patient care coordination between PCPs. In addition to improving outcomes that directly concern health care providers, efforts to improve aspects of team dynamics may also help resolve critical challenges in workforce planning in primary care.
Measuring police officer and citizen satisfaction: comparative analysis
Authors: Bouranta Nancy , Siskos Yannis , Tsotsolas Nikos 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The ability of the police to decrease victimization rates, protect human rights and social capital, to generate feelings of safety and to respond to citizens’ calls helps generate positive citizen feelings about the legitimacy of police as a law enforcement institution. Police approaches to reduce crime and violence are based mainly on objective measures, neglecting to assess its performance based on subjective perceptions. The conception that the citizens’ fear of being victims is not always reflective of the actual prevalence of crime highlights the importance of social surveys to assess the public’s perception of police performance. It is also important to assess employee satisfaction, since research indicates that the performance of first-line employees is influenced by their satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to provide the first comparative study of both citizen and police officer satisfaction and evaluates their relationship.Design/methodology/approach– This paper is based on a dyadic survey that measures citizens’ evaluation of police service quality as well as policemen’s job satisfaction. The data were analysed using the multicriteria methodology of multicriteria satisfaction analysis.Findings– The results showed that policemen seem to be unsatisfied with their jobs, while citizens are quite satisfied with police performance. Specifically, policemen’s ability to be available for patrol is currently hampered by bureaucracy and other typical obligations. The tangibles criterion, which refers to buildings, offices and surveillance equipment, were characterized as inadequate by both policemen and citizens. It was also observed that police officers are not very satisfied with their amount of work may be the reason why citizens report median satisfaction levels in terms of police responsiveness.Originality/value– This survey adds to management literature on job satisfaction and service quality, providing some additional findings regarding the police population. In addition, it combines related constructs supporting the claim that citizens can be satisfied with police services provided that police officers are satisfied with their jobs.
“Just do what you can […] make it work!” Exploring the impact of rapid population growth on police organizations in western North Dakota
Authors: Dahle Thorvald O. , Archbold Carol  A. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine how rapid population growth resulting from the oil boom affects police organizations in western North Dakota.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using face-to-face interviews with 101 police personnel working in eight law enforcement agencies, this study explores how rapid population growth affects police organizations (in general), police resources, and the work environment of police organizations located in four counties in western North Dakota. Resource dependency theory and contingency theory provide a theoretical framework for understanding how changes in the communities (external environment) have led to changes within police organizations in this region.

Findings
– Rapid population growth resulting from the oil boom in western North Dakota has required police agencies to make changes in the way that they are structured and function. In addition, the rapid increase in population has also strained police organizations’ resources.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings from this study may only be applicable to police organizations in western North Dakota. Interviews are based on police officers’ perceptions.

Practical implications
– Findings from this study suggest that police organizations in western North Dakota are currently experiencing a bad “fit” with their external environment. In order to get back to a good “fit” additional resources are needed from the state government.

Social implications
– The number of calls for police service have increased dramatically since the oil boom began in 2008 in the Bakken region of western North Dakota. The addition of police officers and needed resources has not kept pace with the rapid population growth. The quality of police service to the public will decline if additional resources are not made available to police organizations.

Originality/value
– This paper features the first and only study of the impact of rapid population growth on police organizations in western North Dakota. This study is both timely and important as the population growth in western North Dakota is predicted to continue for several decades into the future.
Normal moveout velocity for pure‐mode and converted waves in layered orthorhombic medium
Authors: Ravve Igor , Koren Zvi 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTWe study the azimuthally dependent hyperbolic moveout approximation for small angles (or offsets) for quasi‐compressional, quasi‐shear, and converted waves in one‐dimensional multi‐layer orthorhombic media. The vertical orthorhombic axis is the same for all layers, but the azimuthal orientation of the horizontal orthorhombic axes at each layer may be different. By starting with the known equation for normal moveout velocity with respect to the surface‐offset azimuth and applying our derived relationship between the surface‐offset azimuth and phase‐velocity azimuth, we obtain the normal moveout velocity versus the phase‐velocity azimuth. As the surface offset/azimuth moveout dependence is required for analysing azimuthally dependent moveout parameters directly from time‐domain rich azimuth gathers, our phase angle/azimuth formulas are required for analysing azimuthally dependent residual moveout along the migrated local‐angle‐domain common image gathers. The angle and azimuth parameters of the local‐angle‐domain gathers represent the opening angle between the incidence and reflection slowness vectors and the azimuth of the phase velocity ψphs at the image points in the specular direction. Our derivation of the effective velocity parameters for a multi‐layer structure is based on the fact that, for a one‐dimensional model assumption, the horizontal slowness and the azimuth of the phase velocity ψphs remain constant along the entire ray (wave) path. We introduce a special set of auxiliary parameters that allow us to establish equivalent effective model parameters in a simple summation manner. We then transform this set of parameters into three widely used effective parameters: fast and slow normal moveout velocities and azimuth of the slow one. For completeness, we show that these three effective normal moveout velocity parameters can be equivalently obtained in both surface‐offset azimuth and phase‐velocity azimuth domains.
Performance of South African children on the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales—Developmental Profile (CSBS DP)
Authors: Chambers Nola , Stronach Sheri T. , Wetherby Amy M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial development in social communication skills occurs in the first two years of life. Growth should be evident in sharing emotion and eye gaze; rate of communication, communicating for a variety of functions; using gestures, sounds and words; understanding language, and using functional and pretend actions with objects in play. A delay in these early social communication skills may be the first sign of a developmental delay in young children in nearly all categories of disabilities—including specific language impairment, autism spectrum disorder, HIV/AIDS, lack of environmental stimulation or institutionalization, and global developmental delays—and early detection of these delays is critical for enrolment in appropriate early intervention services.AimsNo standardized tests of early social communication skills exist for very young children in South Africa (SA). An existing evaluation tool that has the potential to be culturally fair for children from cultural backgrounds different to the standardization group is the Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales—Developmental Profile (CSBS DP). This study aimed to document the performance of a group of English‐speaking SA children ranging in age from 12 to 24 months on the CSBS DP and to compare this performance with the original standardization sample.Methods & ProceduresSixty‐seven English‐speaking SA children from a range of cultural and linguistic backgrounds were assessed on the CSBS DP Behaviour Sample. Group scores were compared with the original standardization sample using inferential statistics.Outcomes & ResultsThe results provide preliminary support for the suitability and validity of the face‐to‐face Behaviour Sample as a measure of early social communication skills in this sample of English‐speaking SA children from a range of cultural groups between 12 and 24 months of age.Conclusions & ImplicationsWhile further research in the SA population is needed, these findings are a first step towards validating a culturally appropriate measure for early detection of social communication delays in a sample of SA toddlers.