bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ageing and cataract formation on the Raman spectroscopic profile of human lens: An observational study
Authors: Nishad Ayasha , Malik Praveen , Dewan Taru 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To observe the spectroscopic profile of human lens in different age groups and varying grades of cataract and to use the data to arrive at differentiating molecular biology.

Design:
An observational cross-sectional study.

Methods:
The study enrolled 30 patients (30 eyes) with a mean age of 59.6 years diagnosed with immature senile cataracts. The patients underwent small incision cataract surgery, and the harvested lens nuclei were examined under a Raman spectroscope for studying their molecular composition. The relative intensities of the peaks in the Raman spectra were evaluated and compared among different age groups and grades of cataract. A correlation of tyrosine doublet ratio with grade of cataract and age of the subject was calculated.

Result:
Several Raman spectral peaks were observed in the range of 600 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1 with correspondence to tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and amides I and III. A strong negative correlation between the grade of cataract and the ratio of tyrosine doublet was seen (r = -0.805). Also, a negative correlation between age and tyrosine ratio was seen (r = -0.62). The wavenumber/spectral peak of tryptophan was observed only in one sample, and amides I and III were identified, but the intensity of the peak for amide II was very small or absent.

Conclusion:
It was observed that the buried conformation of tyrosine was predominant in cases with a higher age or grade of cataract. The buried conformation of tryptophan became less in the higher grades of cataract.
Visual and clinical outcomes after bilateral implantation of a novel extended depth of focus lens post cataract surgery
Authors: Bansal Muskaan , Thakur Anchal , Jeshan Mohammed , Sachdeva Kulbhushan , Malhotra Chintan , Gupta Amit , Jain Arun 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To assess the visual and clinical outcomes after bilateral implantation of the novel extended depth of focus (EDOF) (AcrySof IQ Vivity) intraocular lens (IOL) using a micromonovision strategy.

Methods:
This was a prospective interventional study at a tertiary care center. Twenty patients (40 eyes) underwent bilateral implantation of AcrySof IQ Vivity IOL. Twelve weeks postoperatively, both uncorrected vision and corrected vision were assessed. Uniocular and binocular defocus curves with and without correction were noted subjectively as well as objectively on I-trace. Contrast sensitivity was assessed with a FACT (Functional Acuity Contrast Testing) machine, and objective parameters like modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio were also measured on I-Trace. Subjective quality of vision using a subjective questionnaire was also evaluated.

Results:
The mean binocular postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity in LogMAR was -0.03 ± 0.09, the uncorrected intermediate visual acuity was 0.03 ± 0.09, and the uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.28 ± 0.18. All defocus curves were smooth and broad with the uncorrected defocus curve (with the micromonovision strategy) better than the corrected defocus curve. The subjective depth of focus (DOF = 3.73) was more than objective DOF (1.93) (P < 0.05). Photopic contrast was better than mesopic at all frequencies. All aberrations increased at 5 mm pupil size compared to 3 mm pupil size and were statistically significant, except for the total eye spherical aberration, which shows no significant difference at 3 mm and 5 mm pupil size (P = 0.27). Spectacle independence for distance, intermediate, and near was achieved in 100%, 94.7%, and 94.7% cases in this study, respectively.

Conclusions:
Using the micromonovision strategy, the visual performance of this novel EDOF IOL was outstanding both subjectively and objectively.
Bone-anchored maxillary protraction in cleft maxillary hypoplasia: An evaluation of dentoskeletal, soft-tissue, and functional effects
Authors: Tiwari Shreyasi , Mustafa K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Maxillary hypoplasia is a common finding secondary to cleft lip and palate. The resultant Class III skeletal pattern worsens during adolescence due to unaffected mandibular growth. Bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) involves the intraoral use of orthopedic Class III intermaxillary elastics by means of skeletal anchorage to the zygoma and anterior mandible bilaterally.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the facial esthetic and functional effects of 1-year of BAMP therapy in growing cleft individuals.

Subjects and Methods:
Eighteen subjects (mean age: 11.9 years) with cleft maxillary hypoplasia were selected for BAMP. Cephalometric facial assessment of 26 parameters (by an orthodontist), perceptual and lateral videofluoroscopic instrumental speech analyses (by a speech-language pathologist), and clinical temporomandibular joint (TMJ) evaluation were performed before (T1) and after 12 months of BAMP therapy (T2). Paired t-test and Pearson’s Chi-squared test were used for the statistical analyses of the quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess the associations between cephalometric parameters.

Results:
Twenty cephalometric variables showed significant change from T1 to T2 toward positive dentoskeletal and soft-tissue Class III facial correction. The mean increase in “SNA” was 3.03°, and maxillary length (“Ptm-A”) and sagittal maxillary position (“N-perp to A”) increments were 3.65 mm and 4.02 mm, respectively. The mean improvement in the dental overjet was 3.86 mm. Backward positioning of the mandible was noted with a mean reduction of “SNB” and “N-perp to Pog” by 1.38° and 1.16 mm, respectively, with a mean 3.8° closure of the gonial angle. The airway changes were insignificant. Speech and TMJ observations remained constant from T1 to T2.

Conclusions:
BAMP therapy in cleft patients exhibited significant orthopedic maxillary protraction with effective sagittal and vertical mandibular growth control. The positive esthetic effects of BAMP did not have any negative influence over the functions of airway, velopharyngeal (speech) mechanism, and the TMJ in the stipulated 12-month period.
A single-center prospective study of perioperative anesthetic complications in cleft lip, alveolus, and palate surgeries in a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adamson Olawale Olatunbosun , Egbunah Uchenna Patrick 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cleft lip and/or palate are one of the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies that require surgical management. Patients undergoing primary cleft repair are at increased risk of perioperative anesthetic complications due to their young age and anatomical defects.

Aim:
This study aimed to present the frequency of perioperative airway-related morbidities in the anesthetic management of cleft lip, alveolus, and palate surgeries.

Patients and Methods:
This study was conducted at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Patients undergoing cleft lip, alveolus, or palate repair were prospectively studied from January 2015 to December 2019. Data on patient demography, type of cleft, presence of syndromes and other deformities, and intra- and postoperative complications were collected.

Results:
A total of 150 patients were included, with a median age of 15.5 months, and 67 (44.7%) of the patients were <12 months old. Most patients were female (56%), and the most common type of cleft was lip, alveolus, and palate (36.6%). Sixteen (10.7%) of the patients had associated syndromes. Notably, intraoperative complications were observed in 5 (3.3%) patients, including laryngospasm and difficult intubation. Postoperative complications were rare, with one case of nasal bleeding. Significant associations between presence of other deformities and syndromes and intraoperative complications were noted (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Patients with orofacial clefts and other deformities tend to be predisposed to anesthetic complications. However, the incidence of anesthetic complications in this study was low (3.3%) probably because the current protocol used in the author’s hospital for cleft surgeries was followed and appropriate.
Breast milk feeding: Trials and tribulations of Indian mothers having infants with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Koppal Deepthi J. , Manaswini V. , Fernandes Sandra Jeswika , Benny Neha Grace 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Breastfeeding infants with a cleft is difficult due to underlying anatomical deficits. The success of breastmilk feeding in this population is highly dependent on the mother. Nevertheless, the rate and duration of breastmilk feeding are often poor in this population due to early cessation of breastmilk production. These infants are therefore at high risk for “failure to thrive”.

Aim:
The study aimed to identify the challenges encountered by mothers having infants with cleft in establishing and maintaining breastmilk production.

Objective:
To explore the factors that impact establishing and maintaining breastmilk production viz., a) Mother-infant separation b) Access to Lactation and Feeding consultation c) Breastmilk expression strategies d) Formula supplementation rate e) Motivating or demotivating factors to breastmilk feeding.

Method:
This study was a phone survey conducted on 28 mothers who had availed lactation and feeding consultations between 2019 and 2020.

Results:
Various factors impacting the onset and establishment of breastmilk feeding noted were, separation of mother and infant at birth and the duration of separation, lack of access to professional help in lactation and feeding during stay in hospital, irregular and inappropriate breast milk expression, early formula supplementation demotivation due to various lactation and feeding challenges.

Conclusion:
Support from healthcare professionals specialized in lactation and feeding consultation for mothers having infants with cleft particularly, Speech Pathologists, Nursing staff and Lactation Consultants is critical to increase the rate and duration of breastmilk feeding. Breastmilk feeding should be thus prioritized and supported to enable infants with cleft to thrive.
Superiorly based pharyngeal flap versus myomucosal resection and direct closure of the posterior pharyngeal wall (Mahrous technique) for surgical correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Mahrous , Khalaf Zeinab , Hakeem Wafaa Helmy Abd El , Mousa Doaa 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Superiorly based pharyngeal flap is one of the most common surgical techniques described for surgical correction of velopharyngeal disorders. Being a technique-sensitive and owing to its associated complications, a simple technique has been introduced and compared with it.

Aim:
The aim was to compare the surgical results and the phoniatric outcome of the superiorly based pharyngeal flap versus the myomucosal resection and direct closure of the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Patients and Method:
One hundred patients of both sexes were classified into two groups. Group A patients included fifty patients who had velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and were surgically corrected by the superiorly based pharyngeal flap. Group B patients included fifty patients who had VPI and were surgically corrected by myomucosal resection and direct closure of the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Results:
Postoperatively, 13% of Group A patients had open nasality Grade 4 as compared to 0% in Group B patients. Hyponasality and obstructive sleep apnea were not recorded in any case of Group B patients as compared with 10% of Group A patients. With regard to the postoperative velopharyngeal gap during speech, 18% of patients in Group A had velopharyngeal gap 3 mm, while 10% of patients in Group B had velopharyngeal gap 3 mm.

Conclusion:
Myomucosal resection and direct closure of the posterior pharyngeal wall is a simple reliable technique for the correction of velopharyngeal disorders.
Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy: A Reappraisal
Authors: Jindal Mohit , Tandon Rohit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The term ’noncompaction’ cardiomyopathy has been traditionally used to define excessive trabeculations of left ventricle free wall associated with dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype on imaging. Further research had delved into genetic origins of this entity. Use of modern imaging modalities suggests that these excessive muscle projections (“trabeculations”) can also be detected in apparently healthy individuals, pregnant females and athletes without evidence of cardiomyopathy. This review delves into the historical nomenclature, updated definitions and clinical relevance of this condition.
Echocardiography in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mehrotra Rahul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common disorder characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy. The disease can have different phenotypic expressions and can be genetic in nature with autosomal dominant inheritance. It usually runs a benign course in the majority but can lead to heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Echocardiography plays a key role in the diagnosis and overall management of the condition. It is useful in diagnosis, differentiation of different types (obstructive vs nonobstructive), in systematic evaluation of associated abnormalities (like mitral regurgitation), helps in selection of appropriate treatment and is helpful in guiding the intervention procedures for the condition. Certain echocardiographic measures are predictors of SCD. The review describes in detail the techniques and nuances of performing a comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation of patients with HCM.
Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Evaluation of Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Christopher Johann , Subramanyam Nukala , Gadepalli Tejonath , Srivastava Madhur Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a distinct group of diseases which are unique in their natural history causing considerable disability, mortality and increase in healthcare costs. The diagnosis is crucial in order to initiate treatment early and hopefully alter the prognosis. There are different diagnostic modalities that are available to evaluate this entity. Nuclear techniques, especially gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography and postron emission tomography imaging, have the unique ability to offer a cost effective, easily available technique to assess ventricular function, dyssynchrony and viability on the same test, assess prognosis and give unique management options to the treating physician.
Efficacy and Clinical Outcome of Single and Combined Therapies for Refractory Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Probing, Intense Pulsed Light, and Thermal Pulsation Treatments
Authors: Weng Tzu-Heng , Chang Yu-Ming , Chien Ke-Hung , Chen Yi-Hao , Tai Ming-Cheng , Feng Kathy Ming 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Refractory meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a prevalent condition characterized by chronic functional abnormalities of the meibomian glands, leading to altered tear film and ocular discomfort despite medical treatments. Traditional management strategies include various single-modality treatments, although there is growing interest in the efficacy of combined therapies.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of regimens used individually and in combination for the treatment of refractory MGD.

Methods:
This retrospective study involved pre- and posttreatment evaluations of the ocular surface and symptoms in patients with refractory MGD. Treatments included meibomian gland probing (MGP), intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, thermal pulsation (LipiFlow), IPL + MGP, and MGP + LipiFlow.

Results:
In total, 325 eyes of 241 patients with refractory MGD were assessed. The MGP group showed significant improvements in the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear meniscus height (TMH), corneal and conjunctival staining, lid wiper epitheliopathy (LWE), and meibomian gland expression (MGX) score. The IPL group showed significant improvements in OSDI, TMH, redness, conjunctival staining, and MGX score. IPL + MGP resulted in significant improvements in corneal and conjunctival staining, LWE, and MGX score, while LipiFlow significantly improved conjunctival staining, LWE, and MGX score. No significant improvements were observed in the MGP + LipiFlow group.

Conclusion:
IPL or MGP alone could alleviate the signs and symptoms of refractory MGD, while LipiFlow and IPL + MGP could improve the ocular surface parameters. However, no significant improvements were observed with MGP + LipiFlow. These findings provide a valuable guide for ophthalmologists for the selection of effective treatment modalities for refractory MGD, suggesting a potential advantage of combined IPL + MGP to maximize therapeutic benefits.
Antiviral Activity of Rhein against Enterovirus 71 through Inhibiting Viral Replication and Stability
Authors: Lai Zheng-Zong , Yang Hung Chen , Lee Yen-Mei 
Published: August 2024

Background:

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease in the Asia-Pacific region. Severe EV71 infections can be fatal in children under the age of 5. As of now, there are no proven anti-EV71 drugs available. Rhein is an anthraquinone derivative, mainly derived from rhubarb plants. Several beneficial pharmacological properties of rhein have been linked to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral effects.

Aim:
This research aims to evaluate rhein’s antiviral activity against Enterovirus EV71 in vitro.

Methods:
The cytotoxicity of rhein was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 kit. The antiviral activities of rhein were characterized by viral RNA level, protein expression level, and infectious ability using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot assay, and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The mechanism by which rhein suppresses virus life cycles was examined utilizing a time-of-addition assay. An inactivation assay was performed to evaluate whether rhein directly impaired the virion stability.

Results:
The findings indicated that rhein exhibited anti-EV71 activity by reducing viral RNA synthesis, protein expression, and infectivity. Rhein demonstrates potent antiviral effects against EV71 at the late-life stage and inhibition of virion stability.

Conclusion:
Our findings strongly support further research into rhein as a potential treatment for EV71.
Factors Affecting Outcome in Surgically Clipped Ruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms – A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sivanandan Jyothish , Shaan Abdul Rahim , Soman Biju 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Ruptured cerebral aneurysm is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent medical attention. Failure to diagnose, delay in admission to a neurosurgical centre and lack of facilities could lead to poor surgical outcomes.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that predict the outcome of patients undergoing a surgical clipping of ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single-centre retrospective study with review of medical records of 306 patients, who were surgically treated for ruptured intracranial aneurysms in a tertiary care centre from January 2011 to June 2018. Information collected were the patient demographic data, Glasgow Coma Scale prior to surgery, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Scale and timing between subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) ictus and surgery. The outcomes at discharge and 6 months post-surgery were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Only cases of proven ruptured aneurysmal SAH involving anterior circulation that underwent surgical clipping were included in the study. The data collected were analysed statistically.

Results:
The mean duration between ictus and time of surgery was found to be 9.89 days, maximum being 43 days. Patients with persisting disabilities (according to mRS) at the 1st month and 3rd month post-surgery had a mean duration of 16.69 and 16.95 days, from ictus to surgery.

Conclusions:
Delay in surgical clipping of anterior circulation aneurysms and poor grade at presentation were found to have unfavourable outcomes. Health education and training should be incorporated in primary healthcare setups regarding the identification of probable aneurysm rupture in early stage, so that prompt referral to higher centre can be carried out and delay in intervention be curtailed.
A cross-sectional study to correlate nuclear fixative properties of formal saline and clarke’s fluid for histomorphology evaluation of human tissues
Authors: Venugopal Lakshya , Kulkarni Vasudha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Formal saline is an extensively used cheapest and easily available tissue fixative. However, formalin has been proven to have carcinogenic effects. Clarke’s fluid is an alternative to formal saline and is effective in maintaining the morphological and cellular architecture.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to compare the nuclear fixative properties of Clarke’s fluid and formal saline.

Materials and Methods:
The fresh human tissues of thin skin, large-sized arteries, lymph nodes, spleen, and ileum were obtained from the fresh cadaver. The tissues were fixed in two different fixatives namely 10% formalin and Clarke’s fluid. Then, the tissues were histologically processed. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained serial sections of tissues were graded based on the ease of microtomy, cytoplasmic, and nuclear staining scores.

Results:
The nuclear properties of all the tissues immersed in Clarke’s fluid showed a median score of 3 and Grade 2 for formal saline; cytoplasmic properties for spleen and skin were median scores of Grade 3 for Clarke’s fluid. The artery was graded 3 for both the fixatives. The Kruskal–Wallis test when applied to nuclear properties, cytoplasmic adequacy, and tissue shrinkage for tissues stained with Clarke’s fluid was statistically significant (P < 0.01). This inferred that Clarke’s fluid is a better nuclear fixative than formal saline.

Conclusion:
The imminent risks associated with formal saline paved us to explore substitute fixatives, which could provide better results and safety for laboratory workers. Clarke’s fluid is an excellent substitute for formal saline as a nuclear fixative.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Associated Risk Factors in an Urban Slum of a Metropolitan City
Authors: Qureshi Kamran F. , Karnedy Mrudula , Pawar Ankush , Totala Yashowardhan V. , Qureshi Saniya S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Type 2 DM and associated risk factors in urban slums.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done in the urban slum of the city involving adults aged >18 years. A sample of 300 participants was selected by systematic random sampling. Consent was taken and data were collected using pre-structured questionnaire. The data were entered in Excel and analysed using SPSS.

Results:
Majority of participants were females with a mean age being 45.21 years. The prevalence of Type 2 DM was 27.3%. Statistical significance was observed between diabetes and age, gender, religion, diet intake, oil consumption, physical activity, obesity and central obesity.

Conclusions:
The risk factors associated include advancing age, male gender, inadequate diet intake, excessive oil consumption, lack of physical activity, obesity and central obesity.