bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
25 Jahre Kernspaltung. Methoden und Ergebnisse chemischer Studien
Authors: Herrmann Günter 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Übersicht umfaßt Methoden und Ergebnisse chemischer Studien über die Spaltung schwerer, niedrig angeregter Kerne. Im ersten Teil werden behandelt:
I. Entdeckungsgeschichte.
II. Spaltprodukte.
1. Schema des Spaltvorgangs, Definitionen.
2. Spaltketten.
3. Produkte der Dreifachspaltung.
4. Unbekannte Spaltprodukte.
Papierelektrophoretische Untersuchungen der Reaktionsprodukte des Ruthentetroxids mit Wasserstoffperoxid
Authors: Koch H. , Bruchertseifer H. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Läßt man Wasserstoffperoxid auf eine saure RuO4-Lösung einwirken, dann bilden sich je nach Arbeitsbedingungen Ruthen(III)- oder -(IV)-Ionen. Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, nach dem man auf relativ einfachem Wege solche Ruthenlösungen durch Papierelektrophorese charakterisieren kann. Das ist besonders für die Untersuchung trägerfreier radioaktiver Lösungen bedeutsam.
32P-Markierung von C1C6-Trialkylphosphaten durch Isotopenaustausch
Authors: Termens L. , Schweer K.-H. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
C1-C8-Trialkylphosphate ließen sich durch eine Isotopenaustauschreaktion mit Fe32PO4 · 2,5 H2O markieren. Aus dem in Abhängigkeit von Zeit und Temperatur untersuchten Isotopenaustausch wurden die Austauschhalbwertszeiten und die Aktivierungsenergien der Reaktionen bestimmt. Es wurde eine Abhängigkeit der Austauschhalbwertszeiten von der Kettenlänge der Trialkylphosphate gefunden. Einige Reaktionsmechanismen werden diskutiert.
Transformations chimiques associées à la réaction (n, γ) sur l’acide tellurique
Authors: Stevovic J. , Muxart R. 
Published: June 2015

Résumé
On a déterminé la rétention de Te*VI pour les isotopes à l'état fondamental de courte période 129Te (69,5 min) et 181Te (25 min) formés par la réaction (n, γ) sur l’acide tellurique à l'état solide. Dans le but de rechercher un éventuel effet isotopique entre ces deux isotopes, l'acide a été irradié pendant des temps courts (10 min et 20 min), car dans ce cas, les isotopes 129Te et 181Te ont des vies moyennes de présence comparables et en conséquence sont soumis aux mêmes conditions d'irradiation pendant le même temps.
Afin d'étudier l'influence du temps d'irradiation sur la valeur de la rétention pour chacun des deux isomères fondamentaux, quelques expériences ont été réalisées pour des irradiations de plus longue durée (40, 60 et 180 min). Pour déterminer la rétention de ces isotopes avec le maximum de précision, dans des conditions expérimentales données, on a examiné plus particulièremént l'influence, sur les mesures de l'activité de 129Te et 131Te, des rayonnements des autres radioisotopes de Te formés simultanément lors de la réaction (n, γ) sur le tellure de composition isotopique naturelle.
Pour des irradiations d'acide tellurique à l'état solide dans un flux neutronique de 1010 cm-2 sec-1 et pour une dose de rayonnement γ de l’ordre de 105
r/h, à la pile EL 2, les résultats montrent que la rétention de Te*VI augmente légèrement en fonction du temps d’irradiation.
Ainsi pour l’isotope 129Te, les valeurs moyennes de R varient de 39,7% à 45,6% quand la durée de l'irradiation passe de 10 min à 20 min. Un effet similaire est observé pour 131Te; la rétention croît de 39,2% à 42,5% si le temps d'irradiation varie de 10 à 20 min. En outre, pour 129Te, la rétention atteint environ 49% après 3h, tandis qu'elle reste sensiblement constante pour 131Te après 20 min d’irradiation.
Pour des temps moyens d'existence des deux radioisotopes comparables (10 et 20 min), les résultats montrent qu’il n’y a pas d’effet isotopique entre 129Te et 131Te après une irradiation de 10 min. Par contre, si l’acide tellurique est irradié pendant 20 min, on observe une différence de 6,7 % dans les valeurs de R relatives aux deux isotopes. Toutefois, dans ce cas et bien que la valeur de la rétention de 129Te mesurée dans différentes expériences soit systématiquement plus élevée que celle de 131Te, il est difficile de conclure étant donné la marge d’erreur de 5,9%.
Nous avons admis, avec d’autres auteurs, que la modification de la rétention observée en fonction du temps d'irradiation pouvait être attribuée à l'influence du rayonnement secondaire du réacteur qui provoque une augmentation de R. Nous avons montré que cet effet est plus important pour l'isotope de longue période (129Te, T
1/2
= 69,5 min) que pour celui de courte période (131Te, T
1/2
= 25 min).
Mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in Chiriquí Province, Republic of Panamá, with a new distributional record for Camelobaetidius kondratieffi Lugo-Ortiz &amp; McCafferty, 1995 (Baetidae)
Authors: De Jong Grant D. , Canton Steven P. 
Published: June 2015

The mayfly fauna of samples collected in Chiriquí Province of western Panamá are listed, including the first report of Camelobaetidius kondratieffi Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, 1995 from the Republic of Panamá. This species was previously reported only from Belize, Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Enhancing the Power Conversion Efficiency of Inverted Organic Photovoltaics with Gold Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Isseroff Rebecca , Yang Zhenhua , Kim Jessica , Chen Andrew , Rafailovich Miriam 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, an “inverted” design, phase-separated morphology and gold-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (Au-rGO) were used to address exciton recombination and poor Fermi level alignment. To increase efficiencies, a unique methodology was used to coat Au-rGO on top of the active layer. When 0.05 Au-rGO was blended with the active layer, there were metal-thiolate bonds with P3HT and π-π stacking with PCBM. However, KPFM, measured for the first time for this material, showed that the while 0.05mM Au-rGO reduced the energy gap between P3HT and PBCM, this was offset by recombination. KPFM showed that Au-rGO may be better suited between the active layer and electrode. When 0.5mM Au-rGO was coated on top of the active layer, efficiency increased (p<0.002) nearly 600%, suggesting that Au-rGO is a more effective acceptor than a constituent of the active layer.
Environmental Influences on HIV Medication Adherence: The Role of Neighborhood Disorder
Authors: Surratt Hilary L. , Kurtz Steven P. , Levi-Minzi Maria A. , Chen Minxing 
Published: June 2015

Objectives. We hypothesized that highly disordered neighborhoods would expose residents to environmental pressures, leading to reduced antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence. Methods. Using targeted sampling, we enrolled 503 socioeconomically disadvantaged HIV-positive substance users in urban South Florida between 2010 and 2012. Participants completed a 1-time standardized interview that took approximately 1 hour. We tested a multiple mediation model to examine the direct and indirect effects of neighborhood disorder on diversion-related nonadherence to ARVs; risky social networks and housing instability were examined as mediators of the disordered neighborhood environment. Results. The total indirect effect in the model was statistically significant (P = .001), and the proportion of the total effect mediated was 53%. The model indicated substantial influence of neighborhood disorder on nonadherence to ARVs, operating through recent homelessness and diverter network size. Conclusions. Long-term improvements in diversion-related ARV adherence will require initiatives to reduce demand for illicit ARV medications, as well as measures to reduce patient vulnerability to diversion, including increased resources for accessible housing, intensive treatment, and support services.
System-Reliability Analysis by Use of Gaussian Fuzzy Fault Tree: Application in Arctic Oil and Gas Facilities
Authors: Naseri Masoud , Barabady Javad 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Reliability analysis has various application in oil- and gas-processing facilities, such as identifying the bottlenecks of the system, quantitative risk assessments, improving system availability and throughput capacity, spare-parts planning, and optimizing maintenance strategies. Reliability performance of a system can be described as a function of operation time and a series of operating conditions. For this purpose, a range of reliability data is required, on the basis of which the reliability function can be modeled. One of the challenges in reliability analysis of Arctic oil and gas facilities is lack of adequate reliability data. The available historical data gathered in normal-climate regions may not be appropriate because they do not include the effects of harsh Arctic operating conditions on equipment performance. In this study, the expert-judgement process is used as a tool to modify the mean time to failure of the equipment to include the adverse impacts of Arctic climate conditions on equipment performance. However, various sources of bias and uncertainties are involved in expert judgements. Fuzzy set theory is used to deal with such uncertainties and their propagation in both the component- and system-level analyses. For this purpose, a methodology is presented to perform a Gaussian fuzzy fault-tree analysis for system-reliability assessments. This methodology is further illustrated by a case study.
A Review of Engineering and Safety Considerations for Hybrid-Power (Lithium-Ion) Systems in Offshore Applications
Authors: Hill Davion M. , Agarwal Arun , Gully Benjamin 
Published: June 2015

Summary
From prior experience in the automotive sector, and now the maritime sector, hybridization of power systems is known to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions, with lower fuel consumption. With impending emissions-control areas in the US continental shelf, and nitrogen oxide enforcement mechanisms in the North Sea, emissions reduction in oil and gas exploration-and-production operations is increasingly relevant. Hybrid-power systems can address some of these issues with batteries to offset peak loads, thereby reducing size requirements for the total system. The challenge that the oil and gas industry faces is to decide when and where hybrid-power systems provide the most value for operations, how they should be implemented, what technologies are acceptable, what safety considerations there may be, and how these technologies can improve the bottom line. There is a wealth of information on lithium-ion batteries, though it is not all consistent--cost data are unclear, lifetime and energy density considerations vary under different conditions, and ruggedness and application to harsh environments constitute a large uncertainty. A review of these technologies is provided to serve as a selection guide.
Les problèmes linguistiques de Quentowic
Authors: Le Bourdellès Hubert 
Published: June 2015

H. le Bourdellès, Linguistic problems about Quentowic.
The site of Quentowic, a famous Merovingian and Carolingian harbour, is still to be found on the Southern bank of the river Canche. We want archaeological investigations. Yet, contemporary texts, coins issued from the mint here, give some informations.
Is it possible to get anything new from a linguistic research ? The former name of the place was Vicus, apparently denominating a Gallo-roman borough. The Germanic settlement caused the name to be retained with the form : Wic. Wic never disappeared as a name, and was preserved, slightly changed into Wis, in the vernacular Romanic language.
But, soon, a Germanic compound was coined, by means of which Wic was assimilated to such other trade-places as London-wic or Schleswig, whence Quantowic and Quentowic in French texts, Quantawic and Quentawic in English texts. This compound vanished with the decay of the harbour and the mint. In later time, we are able to trace Wis from a century to another, as far as nowadays, by finding the word in an uninterrupted series of documents. We may assert Visemarest (Vis in the marshes) a hamlet by the river Canche, is an onomastic relic of this long story.
Socio‐demographic predictors of sleep complaints in indigenous Siberians with a mixed economy
Authors: Wilson Hannah J. , Klimova Tatiana M. , Knuston Kristen L. , Fedorova Valentina I. , Fedorov Afanasy , Yegorovna Baltakhinova M. , Leonard William R. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Socio‐demographic indicators closely relate to sleep in industrialized populations. However we know very little about how such factors impact sleep in populations undergoing industrialization. Within populations transitioning to the global economy, the preliminary evidence has found an inconsistent relationship between socio‐demographics and sleep complaints across countries and social strata.Materials and methods:Surveys were conducted on a sample of rural Sakha (Yakut) adults (n = 168) during the autumn of 2103 to assess variation in socio‐demographics and sleep complaints, including trouble sleeping and daytime sleepiness. Socio‐demographic variables included age, gender, socioeconomic measures, and markers of traditional/market‐based lifestyle. We tested whether the socio‐demographic variables predicted sleep complaints using bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regressions.Results:Trouble sleeping was reported by 18.5% of the participants and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by 17.3%. Trouble sleeping was significantly predicted by older age, female gender, and mixing traditional and market‐based lifestyles. EDS was not significantly predicted by any socio‐demographic variable.Discussion:These findings support the few large‐scale studies that found inconsistent relationships between measures of socioeconomic status and sleep complaints in transitioning populations. Employing a mix of traditional and market‐based lifestyles may leave Sakha in a space of vulnerability, leading to trouble sleeping. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:641–647, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biosynthetic Mechanism of Lanosterol: Cyclization
Authors: Chen Nanhao , Wang Shenglong , Smentek Lidia , Hess B. Andes , Wu Ruibo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe remarkable cyclization mechanism of the formation of the 6‐6‐6‐5 tetracyclic lanosterol (a key triterpenoid intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol) from the acyclic 2,3‐oxidosqualene catalyzed by oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) has stimulated the interest of chemists and biologists for over a half century. Herein, the elaborate, state‐of‐the‐art two‐dimensional (2D) QM/MM MD simulations have clearly shown that the cyclization of the A–C rings involves a nearly concerted, but highly asynchronous cyclization, to yield a stable intermediate with “6‐6‐5” rings followed by the ring expansion of the C‐ring concomitant with the formation of the D‐ring to yield the “6‐6‐6‐5” protosterol cation. The calculated reaction barrier of the rate‐limiting step (≈22 kcal mol−1) is comparable to the experimental kinetic results. Furthermore all previous experimental mutagenic evidence is highly consistent with the identified reaction mechanism.
Gadolinium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Aminolysis of Aromatic trans‐2,3‐Epoxy Sulfonamides
Authors: Wang Chuan , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe first enantioselective aminolysis of aromatic trans‐2,3‐epoxy sulfonamides has been accomplished, which was efficiently catalyzed by a Gd‐N,N′‐dioxide complex. Under the directing effect of the sulfonamide moiety the ring‐opening reaction proceeded selectively at the C‐3 position in a highly enantioselective manner furnishing various Ts‐ and SES‐protected 3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropan‐2‐olamines as products.
Enhanced biobutanol production using novel clostridial fusants in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of green renewable agriculture residues
Authors: Begum Sarkar , Dahman Yaser 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThermostable Clostridia species were developed in the present study through protoplast fusion between mesophilic and thermophilic clostridial species. Two parental strains of Clostridia species, Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 4259) and Clostridium beijerinckii (ATCC BA101), along with three fused strains, Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium thermocellum (CaCt), Clostridium beijerinckii Clostridium thermocellum (CbCt) and Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium beijerinckii (CaCb), were examined for biobutanol production using wheat straw (WS) as a feedstock in a batch process of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The objective of the study was to use the thermotolerant fused strains to enhance enzymatic activity during the SSF by raising the incubation temperature and thereby eventually increasing biobutanol production. Results from the current study indicated that the fused strains were able to produce the required enzymes at higher temperature essential for the saccharification of WS (i.e., endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β‐glucosidase). This will have a major impact on eliminating costs associated with adding enzymes to the saccharification process. Fused strain CbCt achieved the highest biobutanol production of up to 14.13 g/L (i.e., a yield of 0.29) at 45 °C with total sugar consumption of 82%. Enzymatic activity of CbCt was found to be 61.67 FPU (filter paper unit) which was the highest in comparison with other fused strains evaluated in this study. These results indicate a breakthrough for the technological and economical obstacles associated with industrialization of the SSF process. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mass Transfer Evolution in a Reactive Spray during Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Ouboukhlik Maria , Godard Gilles , Saengkaew Sawitree , Fournier‐Salaün Marie‐Christine , Estel Lionel , Grehan Gérard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn view of global warming, improvement of CO2 capture efficiency in addition to carbon valorization has become a major concern. In the last decade, post‐combustion capture using amines evolved as one of the most mature technologies for industrial applications. The understanding of mass transfer phenomena is still a challenge for enhancing the absorption step. The mass transfer in a spray column during CO2 absorption using monoethanolamine as a solvent was characterized. An innovative optical technique called global rainbow technology as a non‐intrusive approach to investigate mass transfer is used to measure the amount of CO2 absorbed in a cloud of droplets in the spray. The CO2 absorbed flux obtained from experiments is compared to a basic mass transfer model simulated on Comsol Multyphysics®.
Identification and Fibrinolytic Evaluation of an Isoindolone Derivative Isolated from a Rare Marine Fungus Stachybotrys longispora FG216
Authors: Wang Ge , Wu Wenhui , Zhu Quangang , Fu Shiqing , Wang Xiaoyu , Hong Shaotong , Guo Ruihua , Bao Bin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn isoindolone derivative, Fungi fibrinolytic compound (R)‐2,5‐bis((2R,3R)‐2‐((E)‐4,8‐dimethylnona‐3,7‐dien‐1‐yl)‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐2‐methyl‐7‐oxo‐3,4,7,9‐tetrahydropyrano[2,3‐e]isoindol‐8(2H)‐yl)pentanoic acid (FGFC1, Fungi fibrinolytic compound 1), was isolated from a rare marine microorganism strain Stachybotrys longispora FG216. The structure of FGFC1 was elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and MS data; moreover, it was also evaluated for fibrinolytic activity in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that 0.1–0.4 mmol/L of FGFC1 could stimulate generation of plasmin activity (increased by 2.05–11.44 folds) by measuring Glu‐plasminogen and Lys‐plasminogen activation in vitro. The experiment of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐fibrinogen degradation indicated that the effect of FGFC1 on fibrinolytic activity was mediated by plasminogen and scuPA. In addition, FGFC1 (10 mg/kg) could dissolve most of pulmonary thrombus of Wistar rat in vivo. It is possible that FGFC1 is a potential thrombolytic agent in the future.
Differential effects of temperature on the feeding kinematics of the tadpoles of two sympatric anuran species
Authors: de Sousa Verônica T.T. , Nomura Fausto , de C. Rossa‐Feres Denise , Andrade Gilda V. , Pezzuti Tiago L. , Wassersug Richard J. , Venesky Matthew D. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTemperature impacts ectotherm performance by influencing many biochemical and physiological processes. When well adapted to their environment, ectotherms should perform most efficiently at the temperatures they most commonly encounter. In the present study, we tested how differences in temperature affects the feeding kinematics of tadpoles of two anuran species: the benthic tadpole of Rhinella schneideri and the nektonic tadpole of Trachycephalus typhonius. Benthic and nektonic tadpoles have segregated distributions within ponds and thus tend to face different environmental conditions, such as temperature. Muscle contractile dynamics, and thus whole organism performance, is primarily temperature dependent for ectotherms. We hypothesized that changes in mean temperatures would have differential effects on the feeding kinematics of these two species. We conducted a laboratory experiment in which we used high‐speed videography to record tadpoles foraging at cold and warm temperatures. In general, tadpoles filmed at warm temperatures opened their jaws faster, attained maximum gape earlier, and exhibited shorter gape cycles than tadpoles in cold temperatures, irrespective of species. We also found species x temperature interactions regarding the closing phase velocity, and the percentage of time it takes tadpoles to achieve maximum gape and to start closing their jaws. These interactions could indicate that these two co‐occurring species differ in their sensitivity to differences in water temperature and have temperature‐dependent feeding strategies that maximize feeding performance in their preferred environment. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 456–465, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood‐feeding ectoparasites as developmental stressors: Does corticosterone mediate effects of mite infestation on nestling growth, immunity and energy availability?
Authors: Pryor Leah J. Eisner , Casto Joseph M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTHow resources are distributed to growth and self‐maintenance early in life is likely to impact survival and reproduction. Early resource allocation decisions may be particularly critical in altricial birds, as they have rapid developmental trajectories, and may be highly susceptible to environmental factors that can perturb development. The aim of this study was to determine if blood‐feeding ectoparasites act as developmental stressors in European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) nestlings, driving a trade‐off between growth and immunity. We hypothesized that because ectoparasites compete for resources they would induce growth‐immunity trade‐offs in parasitized nestlings. We also tested the hypothesis that changes in plasma corticosterone mediate the effects of ectoparasites on growth and immunity. Throughout development we assessed between‐nest variation in ectoparasite density, measured growth, and a variety of blood parameters, including plasma corticosterone. We also assessed immune function across development. We found that nestlings from nests with high levels of ectoparasites were smaller, had elevated blood glucose, lower hematocrit levels, and appeared to engage in compensatory growth prior to fledging. They also had elevated innate immune responses early, but reduced responses later relative to nestlings from nests with low levels of ectoparasites. Plasma corticosterone was not affected by ectoparasite load, but did increase with nestling age. Overall, we find evidence that ectoparasites are developmental stressors that affect growth‐immunity trade‐offs, but their effects do not appear to be mediated by changes in circulating levels of corticosterone. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 466–477, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.