bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’acquisition de l’atelier maison Pellan, confirmation d’un déplacement expographique vers le Sujet
Authors: Dubreuil Martine 
Published: August 2013

À la suite de l’observation d’une certaine mouvance en muséographie caractérisée par un déplacement expographique de l’objet (oeuvre) vers le Sujet (artiste), Martine Dubreuil étudie le cas de l’acquisition de l’atelier maison Pellan par le Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, dans le but de comprendre comment il s’inscrit au sein de cette tendance muséologique. À ces fins, elle argumente que cet ajout à la collection de l’institution nationale vient compléter le fonds déjà existant de cet artiste. En plus de bonifier sa collection, l’atelier maison Pellan permettra au musée d’enrichir son discours institutionnel et expographique en proposant une expérience « sensible » au visiteur qui pourra alors accéder à la fois à l’oeuvre d’un artiste et à son espace de création, expérience qui s’inscrirait, selon l’auteure, dans un courant de personnalisation de l’objet-art vers l’artiste-créateur. L’article présente aussi la singularité de cette acquisition dans un rapport analogique de la relique au reliquaire vers le site de pèlerinage ; un prétexte à « la visite immersive ». Enfin, l’auteure explore les différentes avenues d’exploitation du site en termes de possibilités d’expériences offertes au public.
Pourquoi n’y a-t-il pas de sociologie historique internationale ?
Authors: Martineau Jonathan , Rosenberg Justin 
Published: August 2013

Les études de sociologie historique font face à un défi similaire à celui examiné par Martin Wight dans son article intitulé « Why is There noInternational Theory ? ». Les théories sociales classiques ont conceptualisé la « société » au singulier ontologique, léguant à leurs successeurs le problème de l’analogie domestique qui a opiniâtrement résisté aux tentatives de fournir une théorie sociale des Relations Internationales. Pour surmonter ce problème, il faut étendre les prémisses de la théorie sociale pour y incorporer les éléments généraux de la réalité sociale qui génèrent le phénomène de l’« international ». Il est possible de mener cette extension à bon port grâce à l’idée de développement inégal et combiné mise de l’avant par Leon Trotsky. Plus spécifiquement, l’existence de l’« international » émerge ultimement de l’inégalité de l’existence sociohistorique humaine ; on peut dériver ses caractéristiques distinctives de l’analyse de la condition résultante de « développement combiné » ; et sa signification, bien que sociologiquement redéfinie, amène une reconceptualisation du « développement » même – une reconceptualisation qui libère la sociologie historique du problème de l’analogie domestique.
Les mythes de la déréglementation néolibérale
Authors: Panitch Leo , Konings Martijn , Martineau Jonathan 
Published: August 2013

Cet article se penche sur le consensus selon lequel la crise financière globale résulterait essentiellement, voir uniquement, d’une entreprise de dérégulation financière. Selon ces interprétations, le rôle traditionnellement joué par l’État dans la régulation de la finance se serait effrité en parallèle à la montée en puissance des institutions financières. Le corolaire de ces analyses est que le retour à une plus grande régulation serait l’avenue à privilégier afin d’amorcer une sortie de crise. L’analyse des auteurs visent à remettre en question autant la lecture dominante de la période dite de « dérégulation » que des causes de la crise. Enfin, elle défend que le diagnostic de la crise financière globale doit être établi sur de nouvelles bases qui permettent de mieux la contextualiser dans le cadre des contradictions de l’État américain contemporain.
Staphylococcus aureus biofilm activates the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (Nod2) pathway and proinflammatory factors on a human sinonasal explant model
Authors: Cantero Daniel , Cooksley Clare , Bassiouni Ahmed , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThe presence of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on sinonasal mucosal surfaces is associated with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but little is known about the innate immune response they trigger. We aimed to study the human pattern recognition receptor (PRR) nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (Nod2) receptor and downstream pathway in response to initial S. aureus biofilm infection.MethodsUsing a validated protocol, sinonasal mucosae from 4 non‐CRS donors were cultured with and without S. aureus biofilms and planktonic cells. After 24 hours, RNA was extracted and gene expression was analyzed using a human antibacterial response polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the presence and determine the immunolocalization of selected proteins.ResultsC‐X‐C motif (CXC) chemokine ligands 1 and 2, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and genes related to the Nod2 pathway were significantly upregulated in biofilm‐treated tissues compared with control samples. Nod2 pathway–specific gene expression was increased in biofilm‐treated tissues compared with planktonic S. aureus–treated explants. Enhanced expression of Nod2 and nuclear factor kappa B1 (NF‐κB1) was also detected with immunohistochemistry in control and biofilm‐treated tissues.ConclusionS. aureus biofilms exerted a proinflammatory response in the mucosa and activation of the Nod2 pathway, indicating this receptor to be involved in the innate immune response to S. aureus biofilms. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of this pathway in CRS.
Regional disparities and practice patterns in surgical approaches to pituitary tumors in the United States
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Keeley Brieze R. , Husain Qasim , Mauro Kevin M. , Setzen Michael , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundTraditional microscopic and endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches (TSAs) are the most common surgical techniques in pituitary surgery. Examining regional practice patterns in pituitary surgery can provide valuable insights into which surgical strategies are most accessible, effective, and cost‐efficient. In this study we investigated regional variations in surgical approaches to pituitary tumors and evaluated evolving practice patterns in pituitary surgery.MethodsThe 2010 Medicare Part B Carrier Summary Database and Medicare Part B National Summary Database from 2003–2010 were examined using pituitary surgery Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) codes 61548 (microscopic transsphenoidal approach), 62165 (endoscopic transsphenoidal approach), and 61546 (transcranial approach).ResultsEndoscopic TSAs increased by over 10‐fold in the past decade, while usage of microscopic TSAs decreased by 23.3%. Nevertheless, the microscopic approach was still the most common TSA (64.7%) in 2010 compared to the endoscopic approach (35.3%). The microscopic TSA was predominant in the Southern and Western United States (74% and 69%, respectively). In the Northeast and Midwest, the rates of microscopic and endoscopic TSAs were roughly equivalent. However, the rate of endoscopic TSAs was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the Northeast and Midwest (47% and 45%, respectively) than in the South and West (26% and 31%, respectively). Transcranial approaches continued to decline from 4% to 2% over the last decade.ConclusionRegional disparities in transsphenoidal practice patterns exist in the United States. Although the microscopic approach is still more common overall, there has been an evolving shift toward endoscopic TSAs in the last decade.
Aqueous core polystyrene microspheres fabricated via suspension polymerization basing on a multiple pickering emulsion
Authors: Zhou Haiou , Shi Tiejun , Zhou Xun 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMulti‐hollow or hollow polymer particles are of great interest in many fields. Here we successfully fabricate polystyrene microspheres with aqueous cores through w/o/w Pickering emulsion stabilized by modified SiO2 nanoparticles. The final structure and constituents of the microspheres is investigated via SEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, and thermo‐gravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that the size and amount of aqueous cores in the microspheres can be tuned by the original structure of the multiple emulsions: when the volume fraction of inner water is 0.2, the inner structure of the microspheres obtained is porous and each pore is not interconnected; when the volume fraction of inner water is increased to 0.7, the resulting products are hollow microspheres and when 0.3% wt/vol of salt is added to the inner aqueous phase, the inner pores of the resulting microspheres enlarge or even coalesce. The multi‐hollow or hollow polystyrene microspheres with aqueous cores are expected to be candidates for encapsulation in biotechnology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39761.
Synthesis of fluoroalkyl‐modified polyester and its application in improving the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of cured polyester coatings
Authors: Xiong Jinsu , Xia Lei , Shentu Baoqing , Weng Zhixue 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe fluoroalkyl‐modified polyester (PE‐Fn) was synthesized by the reaction of polyester resin (PE) and fluorinated isocyanate, and the structure of the synthesized product was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (19F‐NMR). The water and oil wettability of the cured PE coatings with PE‐Fn as additives was investigated by contact angle meter. The results showed that the introduction of an extremely low concentration of PE‐Fn into PE led to the increase in contact angle of water and diiodomethane on cured PE coatings, and the decrease in the surface free energy. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis showed that the F/C molar ratio in the outer few nanometers was significantly higher than that in the bulk, indicating that the fluoroalkyl groups in PE‐Fn had enriched on the coating surface. It was also found that longer fluoroalkyl groups and fluoroalkyl groups with CF3 at its end had the higher tendency to aggregate on the coating surface. The topological structures of the cured coatings were recorded by an atomic force microscope under tapping mode and the results revealed that there was a strong surface segregation of fluorinated species. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39812.
Preparation of aromatic poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazoles) pulps and their paper properties
Authors: Liu Jianrong , Jia Erpeng , Liu Pengqing , Ye Guangdou , Xu Jianjun 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTo improve the paper properties of the poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazoles) (POD), the POD pulps were prepared by prechemical and mechanical methods to increase their polarity, contact area, and interaction. The fibrillated degree of the staple fibers was evaluated by the Canadian Standard Freeness and the specific surface area, while the surface free energy was calculated by the Micro–wilhelmy method. Meanwhile, the functional groups and compositions on the surface of the POD fibers were confirmed by the FTIR–ATR and the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the surface morphological structure and the crystalline structure of the POD fibers were observed by the fiber analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, respectively. It was found that the pronounced abrasive and distinctive grooves were formed on the surface of the POD fibers after prechemical and mechanical treatment. The surface free energy of POD fibers increased 8.41%, and the polar part increased by 32.10% after treatment. It was confirmed that the polar functional groups and fibril were formed after chemical and mechanical treatment, so the interaction of the POD fibers was highly enhanced, and as a result the apparent density, tensile strength, fold endurance, and tear strength of the paper formed by those treated fibers were all improved apparently. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39818.
Preparation and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolyesters modified with sodium‐5‐sulfo‐bis‐(hydroxyethyl)‐isophthalate and poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Zhao Ming‐Liang , Li Fa‐Xue , Yu Jian‐Yong , Wang Xue‐Li 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTwo types of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) copolyesters were successfully prepared with sodium‐5‐sulfo‐bis‐(hydroxyethyl)‐isophthalate (SIPE) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units with different molecular weights named as cationic dyeable polyester and easy cationic dyeable polyester. Their chemical and crystalline structures were characterized by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and small angle X‐ray scattering measurement, and their thermal properties were tested by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. NMR experimental results showed that the actual molar ratio of comonomers was basically consistent with the correlative feed ratio. WAXD results indicated that the crystalline structures of prepared copolyesters were similar to that of PET. Moreover, the glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and thermal degradation temperature were found to decrease with the reduction of theof PEG units as the incorporation of lowerof PEG units brought more ether bonds into molecular chains, which increased the irregularity of molecular chain arrangement and led to lower crystallinity. In addition, because the incorporation of PEG units with lower molecular weight led to more ether bonds and hydroxyl end‐groups in molecular chains, the value of contact angle of PET copolyesters dropped, manifesting PET copolyesters had better hydrophilicity with the decreasing molecular weight of PEG units.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39823.
Synthesis of Peripherally Nitrated, Aminated, and Arylaminated Subporphyrins
Authors: Tsurumaki Eiji , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: August 2013

Abstract2‐Nitro‐5,10,15‐tri(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)subporphyrin 2 was prepared by the nitration of 5,10,15‐tri(4‐tert‐ butylphenyl)subporphyrin 1a with five equivalents of Cu(NO3)2⋅5 H2O in a mixed EtOAc/Ac2O solution and was reduced into 2‐amino‐5,10,15‐tri(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)subporphyrin 3. Bromination of 5,10,15‐triphenylsubporphyrin 1b with 1.5 equivalents of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) gave 2‐bromo‐5,10,15‐triphenylsubporphyrin, which was converted into various 2‐arylamino‐5,10,15‐triphenylsubporphyrins (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) and 2‐benzamido‐5,10,15‐triphenylsubporphyrin 5 through Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. These molecules constitute the first examples of mono‐β‐substituted subporphyrins. These subporphyrins exhibit significantly perturbed optical and electrochemical properties, which reflect a large influence of the peripherally attached substituents on the electronic networks of subporphyrins.
Teratology Study of Amide Derivatives of Branched Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids with 4‐Aminobenzensulfonamide in NMRI Mice
Authors: Onishi Yuko , Okada Akinobu , Noyori Hiroko , Okamura Ai , Hen Naama , Yagen Boris , Bialer Meir , Fujiwara Michio 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDValproic acid (VPA), widely used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorders, and migraine prophylaxis, is known to cause neural tube and skeletal defects in humans and animals. Aminobenzensulfonamide derivatives of VPA with branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, namely 2‐methyl‐N‐(4‐sulfamoyl‐phenyl)‐pentanamide (MSP), 2‐ethyl‐N‐(4‐sulfamoyl‐phenyl)‐butyramide (ESB), 2‐ethyl‐4‐methyl‐N‐(4‐sulfamoyl‐phenyl)‐pentanamide (EMSP), and 2‐ethyl‐N‐(4‐sulfamoyl‐benzyl)‐butyramide (ESBB), have shown more potent anticonvulsant activity than VPA in preclinical testing. Here, we investigated the teratogenic effects of these analogous compounds of VPA in NMRI mice.METHODSPregnant NMRI mice were given a single subcutaneous injection of either VPA at 1.8 or 3.6 mmol/kg, or MSP, ESB, EMSP, or ESBB at 1.8, 3.6, or 4.8 mmol/kg on gestation day (GD) 8. Cesarean section was performed on GD 18, and the live fetuses were examined for external and skeletal malformations.RESULTSCompared with VPA, which induced neural tube defects (NTDs) in fetuses at 1.8 and 3.6 mmol/kg, the analog derivatives induced no NTDs at dose levels up to 4.8 mmol/kg (except for a single case of exencephaly at 4.8 mmol/kg MSP). Skeletal examination showed several abnormalities mainly at the axial skeletal level with VPA at 1.8 mmol/kg. Fused vertebrae and/or fused ribs were also observed with MSP, ESB, EMSP, and ESBB, they were less severe and seen at a lower incidence that those induced by VPA at the same dose level.CONCLUSIONSIn addition to exerting more potent preclinical antiepileptic activity, teratology comparison indicates that aminobenzensulfonamide analogs are generally more weakly teratogenic than VPA.
Biophysical Studies of the Amyloid β‐Peptide: Interactions with Metal Ions and Small Molecules
Authors: Wärmländer Sebastian , Tiiman Ann , Abelein Axel , Luo Jinghui , Jarvet Jyri , Söderberg Kajsa L. , Danielsson Jens , Gräslund Astrid 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is the most common of the protein misfolding (“amyloid”) diseases. The deposits in the brains of afflicted patients contain as a major fraction an aggregated insoluble form of the so‐called amyloid β‐peptides (Aβ peptides): fragments of the amyloid precursor protein of 39–43 residues in length. This review focuses on biophysical studies of the Aβ peptides: that is, of the aggregation pathways and intermediates observed during aggregation, of the molecular structures observed along these pathways, and of the interactions of Aβ with Cu and Zn ions and with small molecules that modify the aggregation pathways. Particular emphasis is placed on studies based on high‐resolution and solid‐state NMR methods. Theoretical studies relating to the interactions are also included. An emerging picture is that of Aβ peptides in aqueous solution undergoing hydrophobic collapse together with identical partners. There then follows a relatively slow process leading to more ordered secondary and tertiary (quaternary) structures in the growing aggregates. These aggregates eventually assemble into elongated fibrils visible by electron microscopy. Small molecules or metal ions that interfere with the aggregation processes give rise to a variety of aggregation products that may be studied in vitro and considered in relation to observations in cell cultures or in vivo. Although the heterogeneous nature of the processes makes detailed structural studies difficult, knowledge and understanding of the underlying physical chemistry might provide a basis for future therapeutic strategies against the disease. A final part of the review deals with the interactions that may occur between the Aβ peptides and the prion protein, where the latter is involved in other protein misfolding diseases.
Acenaphthylene‐Fused Cyclo[8]pyrroles with Intense Near‐IR‐Region Absorption Bands
Authors: Okujima Tetsuo , Ando Chie , Mack John , Mori Shigeki , Hisaki Ichiro , Nakae Takahiro , Yamada Hiroko , Ohara Keishi , Kobayashi Nagao , Uno Hidemitsu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn acenaphthylene‐fused cyclo[8]pyrrole was synthesized by using an oxidative coupling reaction of the corresponding 2,2′‐bipyrrole. Two conformational isomers 1 a and 1 b were isolated, and their molecular structures were elucidated by X‐ray crystallographic studies. The less‐polar and lower‐symmetry 1 b isomer can be converted into the 1 a isomer through a thermal ring flip. Application of the perimeter model developed by Michl to magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic data and theoretical calculations demonstrate that there is a marked redshift of the near‐IR absorption maxima relative to cyclo[8]isoindole because there is a significant stabilization of the LUMO due to the differing effects of a fused ring expansion with acenaphthylene and benzene moieties on the frontier π molecular orbitals.
Synthetic and DFT Studies Towards a Unified Approach to Phlegmarine Alkaloids: Aza‐Michael Intramolecular Processes Leading to 5‐Oxodecahydroquinolines
Authors: Bradshaw Ben , Luque‐Corredera Carlos , Saborit Gisela , Cativiela Carlos , Dorel Ruth , Bo Carles , Bonjoch Josep 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA diastereoselective synthesis of cis‐5‐oxodecahydroquinolines is described in which three stereocenters are generated in a one‐pot reaction. The reaction involves a lithium hydroxide‐promoted Robinson annulation/intramolecular aza‐Michael domino process from an achiral acyclic tosylamine‐tethered β‐keto ester. The development and scope of this reaction was facilitated through the use of DFT‐based mechanistic studies, which enabled the observed diastereodivergent course of the azacyclization to be rationalized. The varying stereochemistry and stability of the resulting decahydroquinolines was found to depend on whether a β‐keto ester or ketone were embedded in the substrates undergoing aminocyclization. This synthetic approach gave access not only to both diastereomeric cis‐decahydroquinolines from the same precursor, but also to the corresponding trans isomers, through an epimerization processes of the corresponding N‐unsubstituted cis‐5‐oxodecahydroquinolines. The described methodology provides advanced building‐blocks with the three relative stereochemistries required for the total synthesis of phlegmarine alkaloids.
Oxaphospholes and Bisphospholes from Phosphinophosphonates and α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Arkhypchuk Anna I. , Orthaber Andreas , Mihali Viorica Alina , Ehlers Andreas , Lammertsma Koop , Ott Sascha 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe reaction of a {W(CO)5}‐stabilized phosphinophosphonate 1, (CO)5WPH(Ph)P(O)(OEt)2, with ethynyl‐ (2 a–f) and diethynylketones (7–11, 18, and 19) in the presence of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is examined. Lithiated 1 undergoes nucleophilic attack in the Michael position of the acetylenic ketones, as long as this position is not sterically encumbered by bulky (iPr)3Si substituents. Reaction of all other monoacetylenic ketones with lithiated 1 results in the formation of 2,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxaphospholes 3 and 4. When diacetylenic ketones are employed in the reaction, two very different product types can be isolated. If at least one (Me)3Si or (Et)3Si acetylene terminus is present, as in 7, 8, and 19, an anionic oxaphosphole intermediate can react further with a second equivalent of ketone to give cumulene‐decorated oxaphospholes 14, 15, 24, and 25. Diacetylenic ketones 10 and 11, with two aromatic acetylene substituents, react with lithitated 1 to form exclusively ethenyl‐bridged bisphospholes 16 and 17. Mechanisms that rationalize the formation of all heterocycles are presented and are supported by DFT calculations. Computational studies suggest that thermodynamic, as well as kinetic, considerations dictate the observed reactivity. The calculated reaction pathways reveal a number of almost isoenergetic intermediates that follow after ring opening of the initially formed oxadiphosphetane. Bisphosphole formation through a carbene intermediate G is greatly favored in the presence of phenyl substituents, whereas the formation of cumulene‐decorated oxaphospholes is more exothermic for the trimethylsilyl‐containing substrates. The pathway to the latter compounds contains a 1,3‐shift of the group that stems from the acetylene terminus of the ketone substrates. For silyl substituents, the 1,3‐shift proceeds along a smooth potential energy surface through a transition state that is characterized by a pentacoordinated silicon center. In contrast, a high‐lying transition state TS(E′–F′)R=Ph of 37 kcal mol−1 is found when the substituent is a phenyl group, thus explaining the experimental observation that aryl‐terminated diethynylketones 10 and 11 exclusively form bisphospholes 16 and 17.