bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption properties and kinetics of organic acids in yellow rice wine by weakly basic anionic resins based on membrane separation
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhou Jiandi , Xie Haiteng , Zhu Junli , Qin Zihan , Jiang Yujian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Yellow rice wine (Huangjiu) is a traditional alcoholic beverage in China. This study aimed to find a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu. Three membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs (200, 1000, and 2000 Da) were selected to separate small molecules in Huangjiu, and then the adsorption of four models of weakly basic anion-exchange resins (335, D301, D314, and D354) on the organic acids in the filtered fractions of Huangjiu was investigated. The D354 resin exhibited the highest adsorption rate of 157.74 mg/g and the adsorption of acids was more consistent with the proposed second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of D354 resin decreased with increasing temperature, and the adsorption of D354 resin correlated better with the Freundlich isotherm model. The initial deacidification efficiency of the D354 resin was 91.52% and it decreased by 3.88% after 10 regenerations. After the D354 resin treatment, the total acid content decreased by 56.11%, and the retention rates of amino acids and volatile substances reached 97.96% and 81.93%, respectively. The results showed that D354 resin could be used for the deacidification of Huangjiu. Membrane separation combined with resin adsorption process provides a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu, which helps to maintain the flavor of the deacidified Huangjiu while efficiently reducing the acidity.
The aftermath and afterlives of the Napier Fizzle across the British empire, 1834–42; or, how did Lord Napier die?
Authors: Bellamy Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the fall of 1834 Lord William Napier died shortly after retreating from a tense stand-off with local authorities in Canton. While Napier’s retreat and conduct during the stand-off might easily have been construed as unbecoming of a Briton in China, his death marked the beginning of his afterlife as a martyr and hero across the British empire. This article asks how and why this happened. It argues that Napier enjoyed this afterlife because his death was placed within the context of a certain reading of Britain’s relationship with China to become a stand-in for all Britons. This assessment of the aftermath and afterlives of the ‘Napier Fizzle’ ultimately suggests a longer history that prevailing understandings of these events as a ‘fizzle’ do not fully encapsulate.
Steep Decline in the Rare Flat Abalone, Haliotis walallensis, Following Fishing Exploitation and a Marine Heat Wave: The Next Neoextinction?
Authors: Rogers-Bennett Laura , Groth Scott D , Carlton James T 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
Ocean warming is impacting marine systems directly and indirectly via intensifying multiple stressors such as hypoxia, acidification, and kelp forest collapse potentially exacerbating neoextinctions. Abalones are extremely vulnerable to both ocean warming and fishing stressors making them marine “canaries in the coal mine”. The rare flat abalone, Haliotis walallensis, has been subject to a targeted commercial fishery and then exposed to an extreme marine heat wave. We examine the current status of flat abalone before and after a marine heat wave of 2014–2016 and the concomitant collapse of the bull kelp (Nereocystis leutkeana) forest in 2015. We find that flat abalone density (as assessed in surveys) and abundances (inside deployed “abalone modules”) in the core of the range dropped to near-zero after the marine heat wave and have not recovered. Further, we examine the status of flat abalone in southern Oregon after both overfishing and the kelp forest collapse and find dramatic declines, especially in former fishery hot spots. Our results show that flat abalone have experienced a major decline and may be an example of a neoextinction in the making. A standardized and well-funded status review and proactive restoration plan, if not too late, are both critically needed for flat abalone throughout its range.
Isocycloseram, a novel isoxazoline insecticide seed treatment for protection of wheat and barley and mortality of wireworms, Limonius californicus (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: van Herk Willem G , Vernon Robert S , Labun Ted , Spies Joshua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Populations of various economic species of wireworms are increasing in the key cereal crop production areas of Canada and the United States. To address this problem, seed treatments are under development that both provide crop protection and significantly reduce populations equivalent in effectiveness to the formerly used but now deregistered organochlorine lindane. Herein, we evaluated isocycloseram (PLINAZOLIN technology), the first isoxazoline (GABA-gated Chloride Channel Allosteric Modulator) agricultural insecticide, as a seed treatment for the protection of cereal crops from the sugarbeet wireworm, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim). In wheat and barley field trials conducted over 4 years under extreme wireworm pressure, isocycloseram applied as a seed treatment at 5.0–7.5 g AI/100 kg seed was as effective as or more effective than the current industry standard thiamethoxam at 20.0 g AI/100 kg seed in protecting crop stand and yield. Isocycloseram also reduced neonate wireworms (produced from eggs during the growing season) and resident wireworms (in the field at the time of planting) to levels expected from the formerly used seed treatment lindane.
Six-compound combo remedy ameliorates corticosterone-induced depressive behaviors in mice via targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A signaling
Authors: Sun Yilu , Chen Qilei , Cui Wei , Chen Hubiao , Zhao Jia , Rong Jianhui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dysregulation of brain innate immunity involving microglia is implicated in the pathology of neurological disorders including depression. Depression is a prominent medical challenge to global public health systems. Synthetic antidepressant drugs are limited by severe side effects. The present study aimed to identify the active compounds from the well-documented herbal medicine formula Banxia-Houpo decoction (BHD) and discover the underlying mechanisms for tuning microglia. We initially employed Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling and network pharmacology analysis to predict the active compound–target interaction networks. We subsequently validated the potential active compounds and targets in a mouse model of corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression and postsynaptic microglia BV2 cells. As a result, 64 compounds were identified in the ethanolic Banxia-Houpo decoction extract and predicted to target 25 depression-related genes. Interestingly, the serotonergic synapse pathway received the highest enrichment score while 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A) was targeted by 6 compounds (i.e. baicalein, luteolin, N-nornuciferine, roemerine, scutellarin, and 6-shogaol). In parallel assays, a six-compound combo (SCC) and Banxia-Houpo decoction markedly ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors in corticosterone-lesioned mice and well-protected highly differentiated (HD) PC12 cells against corticosterone challenge. Moreover, six-compound combo and Banxia-Houpo decoction effectively induced hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A expression in mice and postsynaptic microglia BV2 cells. Hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A antagonist WAY-100635 at 1 mg/kg/d via intraperitoneal injection attenuated the effects of six-compound combo and Banxia-Houpo decoction on the depressive behaviors in mice. These results suggest that six-compound combo might be a potential remedy against depression and other neurological disorders via targeting hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A in microglia.
Foraging habitat use by sympatric Cuvier’s Gazelle, Dama Gazelle, and Dorcas Gazelle on a private reserve in Morocco
Authors: Segura Amalia , Moreno Eulalia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Habitat use influences the survival and fitness of animals. Habitat quality and food availability in spring and summer are crucial determinants of ungulate population dynamics, peaking in spring and drastically decreasing in summer in Mediterranean region. Here, over a 2-year period we examine foraging habitat use in both spring and summer of 3 threatened gazelle species living in sympatry in a private reserve in Morocco: Cuvier’s Gazelle (Gazella cuvieri), Dama Gazelle (Nanger dama), and Dorcas Gazelle (G. dorcas). We observed differences among species—Cuvier’s Gazelle foraged in woodland, Dama Gazelle in grassland, and Dorcas Gazelle in scrubland—with differences being mediated by seasonal effects as all species broadened their foraging habitat use in summer. We observed differences between years in foraging patterns of Dama Gazelle and Dorcas Gazelle, reflecting greater herb and scrub cover in 2018, potentially related to greater rainfall. Given the seasonal and annual differences observed, reductions in rainfall predicted with the progression of changing climatic conditions in the Mediterranean basin would reduce the availability of food resources and heighten the vulnerability of these species. The study illustrates interspecific coexistence through food resource partitioning of the 3 species, contributing to support conservation management actions of their populations in setting up structured reintroduction programs within their range.
Nonconservative extensions by propositional quantifiers and modal incompleteness
Authors: Fritz Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Propositional modal logics can be extended by propositional quantifiers, i.e. quantifiers binding proposition letters understood as variables. This paper investigates whether such an extension is always conservative. It is shown that the answer depends on the way in which propositional quantifiers are added. On a minimal approach, according to which propositional quantifiers only have to satisfy the classical principles of quantification, every classical modal logic has a conservative extension by propositional quantifiers. However, in the context of normal modal logics it is natural to require propositionally quantified extensions also to be closed under the rule of necessitation. It is shown that in this setting, there are normal modal logics whose propositionally quantified extensions are nonconservative. Nonconservativity is shown to be a special case of a number of model-theoretic notions of incompleteness. More tentatively, it is suggested that nonconservativity indicates incompleteness in a more substantial sense, concerning the intended target of capturing the logics of modalities.
Eliciting Clinician Perspectives on Asymptomatic Bacteriuria to Identify Targets for Antimicrobial Stewardship Education and Decision Support
Authors: Durkin Michael J , Schmitz Viktoria , Hsueh Kevin , Ney Katheryn , Politi Mary C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to elicit clinicians’ perspectives to help reduce antibiotic prescribing for asymptomatic bacteriuria and improve a patient-centered educational brochure for older adults with urinary tract infections or asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Methods
Between October 2023 and April 2024, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews of clinicians who treat patients aged ≥65 years for urinary tract infections or bacteria in the urine, at infectious disease clinics, community senior living facilities, memory care clinics, and general practice. We developed an interview guide based on a behavior change framework and thematically analyzed written transcripts of audio-recorded interviews using inductive and deductive coding techniques.

Results
We identified several common themes surrounding management of asymptomatic bacteriuria from clinicians. These included an emphasis on ordering and interpreting urine tests, tension between guidelines and individual patient care for older adults, use of epidemiologic data to influence prescribing practices, pre-prepared communication talking points, and interest in educational materials for patients and clinical teams.

Conclusions
Education about the need for symptoms to supplement urine testing, data about the impact of overuse of antibiotics, and oral and written communication strategies should be addressed to reduce antibiotic prescribing for asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Mixed-Methods, Cross-sectional Assessment of a Client-facing, Family Planning Counseling Chatbot in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Little Kristen M , Prata Ndola , Denise Kpebo Djoukou Olga , Tefouet Nadia , Fotso Jean Christophe , Angel Alexandra , Brittingham Sarah , Bouanchaud Paul , Soro Amadou Donapoho , Dulli Lisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence is limited about the feasibility, acceptability, and effects on family planning (FP) intentions of digital tools such as chatbots. To help fill this gap, we assessed a chatbot in Côte d’Ivoire with 3 components: 1) menstrual health information; 2) FP information; 3) method recommendations and referrals.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe user characteristics and perceptions of chatbot usability, content, and relevance, and perceived effects on FP-related self-efficacy. We used a mixed-methods approach including an online survey and in-depth interviews (IDI) with chatbot users, and chatbot back-end data. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively.

Results
Between January 11 – July 15, 2022, we recruited 280 chatbot users for the survey, of whom 28 completed an IDI. Survey participants averaged 22 years old, were majority female (96%), resided in Abidjan (71%) and had some university education (61%). Less than half (48%) were currently using a method to delay/avoid pregnancy. Participants primarily accessed the chatbot to get information for themselves (73%) and felt it was ‘easy’ (29%) or ‘very easy’ to use (65%). Most respondents somewhat or strongly agreed that the information provided was accurate/reliable (97%) and was useful to them (96%). Respondents reported feeling more confident in discussing FP topics with their partners and providers after interacting with the chatbot.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that chatbots may be a feasible and acceptable approach to sharing tailored FP information with end-users in a West African context, especially for young women in urban areas.
The National Health Commission, Laboratory Regulation, and Pathogen Verification
Authors: Yang Dali L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Early during the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese political-administrative system showcased an organizational culture that prioritized social stability and information control. Despite considerable investment in detection capabilities and the rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 and lessons from the 2003 SARS crisis, strict control measures imposed by the National Health Commission limited the dissemination of vital information to the public and international health community and stifled discussion among specialists. The restrictions on laboratories also impeded testing capacity when it was most required, hindering the identification of new cases and community spread. This chapter underscores the importance of transparency and information sharing in handling public health emergencies, highlighting the significant repercussions of information control.
Geographic Inequity in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Services: An Administrative Case Report of Successful Advocacy for Change
Authors: Ofek Hadas , Khatib Mohammad , Joubran Katherin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Following an injury or disease, physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) services are often necessary to help patients recover function, activity, and community participation. Ten years ago, there was a significant gap between PM&R services in central Israel and those in the rural north of the country in terms of quality, quantity, and layout. The purpose of this administrative case report is to outline the gap in PM&R services between regions in Israel, as portrayed above; to describe a decade of civil action; and to describe civil action administrative approaches and actions that contributed to changes in the PM&R services now available in northern Israel.

Methods
A decade of civil action to promote PM&R services is reviewed, illustrating the main administrative steps, including initiating and organizing meetings with key partners, lobbying, testifying in front of parliament and government committees, garnering media attention to promote public awareness, and filing a case with the Supreme Court of Israel. The encountered challenges and the subsequent actions are also described.

Results
Awareness of the significance of PM&R services and of the inadequacy of such services in the northern part of Israel rose due to our actions, with practical field results, including a 180-bed government rehabilitation center that plans to open during 2024, and 5 daycare rehabilitation clinics and a private inpatient center that opened between 2020 and 2023. Data-driven research will aid in understanding the current gaps and tracking improvements with the opening of the new rehabilitation facility.

Conclusion
When inequality is brought to light and legislation for equality exists, civil action can promote change to reduce these gaps.

Impact
Others can follow the steps taken in this administrative case report to achieve success in struggles aiming to correct comparative inequality.
Should Obtaining Informed Consent Be Considered an Entrustable Professional Activity? Insights From Whether and How Attendings Entrust Surgical Trainees
Authors: White Erin M. , Esposito Andrew C. , Yoo Peter S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Because residents are frequently delegated the task of obtaining consent early in their training, the American Association of Medical Colleges describes “obtaining informed consent” as a core entrustable professional activity (EPA) for medical school graduates. However, prior studies demonstrated that residents frequently perform this task without receiving formal instruction or assessment of competency. This study sought to understand how attending physicians decide to delegate obtaining informed consent for surgical procedures to trainees.

Method
The authors conducted a survey of attending surgeons at a university-based health care system of 6 affiliated teaching hospitals (October–December 2020) to collect data about current entrustment practices and attendings’ knowledge, experience, and attitudes surrounding the informed consent process. Summary statistics and bivariate analyses were applied.

Results
Eighty-five attending surgeons participated (response rate, 49.4%) from diverse specialties, practice types, and years in practice. Fifty-eight of 85 (68.2%) stated they “never” granted responsibility for the consent conversation to a trainee, and 74/81 (91.4%) reported they typically repeated their own consent conversation whenever a trainee already obtained consent. The most common reasons they retained responsibility for consent were ethical duty (69/82, 84.1%) and the patient relationship (65/82, 79.3%), while less than half (40/82, 48.8%) described concerns about trainee competency. Reflecting on hypothetical clinical scenarios, increased resident competency did not correspond with increased entrustment (P = .27–.62). Nearly all respondents (83/85, 97.7%) believed residents should receive formal training; however, only 41/85 (48.2%) felt additional training and assessment of residents might change their current entrustment practices.

Conclusions
Attendings view informed consent as an ethical and professional obligation that typically cannot be entrusted to trainees. This practice is discordant with previous literature studying residents’ perspectives. Furthermore, resident competency does not play a predominant role in this decision, calling into question whether informed consent can be considered an EPA.
Rethinking Informed Consent as an EPA in Surgery
Authors: Hafferty Frederic W. , Hamstra Stanley J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Over the past decade, entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have become an important element in the competency-based medical education movement. In this Commentary, the authors explore informed consent as an EPA within resident surgical training. In doing so, they foreground the concept of culture and reexamine the nature of trust and entrustment decisions from within a cultural framework. The authors identify role modeling and professional identity formation as core elements in the training process and suggest that faculty are sometimes better off using these tools than uncritically adopting a formal EPA framework for what is, in essence, a professionally oriented and values-based moral enterprise. They conclude that EPAs work best when they are developed at a local level, stressing the unique culture of specialty and program as well as the care that must be taken when attempting to transfer notions of entrustment from the undergraduate medical education level to graduate medical education settings.
The Breast–Areola Reduction/Reconstruction Technique Addressing the Central Lumpectomy Defect in Ptotic Breasts
Authors: Wong Won Brian S. , Wang Howard T. , Karamanos Efstathios 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
For decades, oncoplastic techniques have been an emerging, yet underutilized approach to breast cancer surgery. Recent developments in breast oncology support the potential for the omission of radiation therapy in a subset of patients eligible for breast-conserving surgery, which makes immediate reconstruction available to a much larger demographic. Although existing oncoplastic methods have offered durable and cosmetically acceptable results in select cases, there remains significant room for improvement. This publication presents a novel option in oncoplastic reconstruction named Breast–Areola Reduction/Reconstruction (BARR) that utilizes the tenets of a superomedial pedicle breast reduction and a Wise-pattern closure to address asymmetry and deformity in treatment of central breast cancers. The BARR technique features principles that are foundational to plastic surgery training, which should augment the acquisition and delivery of oncoplastic surgery in the era of progress to come.
Epidemiology, natural history, and outcome of chronic hepatitis B in children
Authors: Huang Chenyang , Li Jing , Zhang Min , Fu Junliang , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global epidemic whose prevention and control among children warrant significant attention. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, the disease continues to affect millions of children worldwide, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology and natural history in this vulnerable population. While research on HBV in adults has advanced considerably, the natural history of HBV infection in children remains less well-defined and may differ from adult studies due to unique immunological and physiological characteristics. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics of HBV infection in children worldwide and summarizes the research progress on the natural outcomes of children with chronic HBV infection. Furthermore, the necessity of this review stems from the critical role that early detection, monitoring, and timely intervention play in mitigating the long-term consequences of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in children. By synthesizing current evidence and identifying knowledge gaps, we hope to inform clinical practice, guide future research directions, and ultimately improve the health outcomes of children living with HBV. In doing so, this review article offers a valuable reference for healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers working to combat the global challenge of HBV infection among children. The aim is to provide a relevant reference for the monitoring, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of children with CHB.