bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive Needs and Preferences of Bhutanese Women Refugees
Authors: Poudel Bindu , Dyer Jane M. 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionBhutanese immigrants are the first poor Hindus to arrive in the United States as refugees in large numbers, and health care providers are often not familiar with Bhutanese beliefs and attitudes toward contraception. The objectives of this qualitative study were to explore and identify Bhutanese contraceptive beliefs and practices to facilitate provision of culturally sensitive contraceptive services.BackgroundAll contraceptive methods, except abortion and emergency contraception, are considered acceptable to Hindi people. Sex outside marriage is prohibited in this culture, and sexual health is often considered a taboo topic. Women are generally not educated about contraceptive options until after the birth of their first child; however, contraception and family planning services were widely used and accepted in Bhutanese refugee camps.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with 14 Bhutanese women in the Nepali language. The interviews were audio recorded then later translated and transcribed verbatim. The interviews were evaluated for common themes and quotes.ResultsThe interviews revealed contraception is a private matter for Bhutanese women. They are comfortable talking about pregnancy and other health issues rather than contraception. However, contraception is known about and accepted in Bhutanese culture. There are no religious prohibitions regarding contraception. The medroxyprogesterone acetate injection was the most common method of contraception. None of the Bhutanese women were using long‐term contraception such as intrauterine devices. Women were hesitant to use contraception because of the concerns about menstrual side effects and fears about infertility. Contraception appeared to be used only after the ideal family size and composition were met and only if women were married. Single women did not use any contraception. Most of the women agreed that they discussed contraception with married women, as a source of information. Most women were exposed to an explanation of contraceptive methods at the hospital after the birth of their first child.DiscussionThese findings inform midwives and other health care providers about Bhutanese women's beliefs so that they can provide culturally congruent contraceptive counseling.
Identification of Sensitive Predictors of Levator Ani Tear during First Complex Vaginal Birth
Authors: Low Lisa Kane , Zielinski Ruth , Tao Yebin , Brandon Catherine , Miller Janis 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo determine maternal characteristics and birth events most predictive of increasing severity of levator ani tears, a recognized predisposing factor to pelvic floor disorders later in a woman's lifespan, so that prevention strategies may be developed.SignificanceSeveral studies link vaginal birth with levator ani tears resulting in increased risk of developing pelvic floor disorders later in life. The events of vaginal birth that contribute to development of levator ani tears and how these factors are linked are not explicitly known. Prior retrospective investigations indicated age greater than 33 years, use of forceps or vacuum, more than 150 minutes in second stage, anal sphincter tear, or macrosomic infant greater than 4000 grams were risk factors for levator ani tears. Taken together, we refer to women who had at least one of these factors as having a “complex” birth.MethodsWe purposefully recruited and enrolled primiparous women immediately postpartum who experienced a complex vaginal birth. Participants were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 2 months postpartum. Severity level of levator ani tears was graded by degree of muscle volume loss measured on an ordinal scale as: 0) none, 1) less than 50% loss unilateral, 2) greater than or equal to 50% unilateral or less than 50% bilateral, and 3) greater than or equal to 50% bilateral. During analysis additional risk factors considered included episiotomy, infant head circumference, duration of active pushing, and use of epidural and oxytocin. Ordinal logistic regression was used for analysis with significance at P < .05 for univariate predictors.FindingsNinety women successfully completed the MRI and the majority (64.4%) showed no visible levator ani muscle loss, 10% showed only minor muscle volume loss, with 25.8% in severe muscle loss categories. Significant predictors of tear severity were time spent in active pushing (P = 0.04), not total time in second stage, and age (P = 0.02). Use of episiotomy was not statistically significant (P = 0.05).DiscussionDespite recruiting women who experienced a complex birth, only about a quarter actually had clinically relevant levator ani tears. In this investigation of at‐risk women, significant predictors of levator ani tear severity included increasing age and duration of active pushing. When considering prevention, age is not modifiable, but monitoring active pushing time and potentially avoiding episiotomy warrant further investigation.FundingNIH Funding R21HD049818 and P50HD044406 002.
Verbal Abuse From Nurse Colleagues and Work Environment of Early Career Registered Nurses
Authors: Budin Wendy C. , Brewer Carol S. , Chao Ying‐Yu , Kovner Christine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study examined relationships between verbal abuse from nurse colleagues and demographic characteristics, work attributes, and work attitudes of early career registered nurses (RNs).Design and MethodsData are from the fourth wave of a national panel survey of early career RNs begun in 2006. The final analytic sample included 1,407 RNs. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample, analysis of variance to compare means, and chi square to compare categorical variables.FindingsRNs reporting higher levels of verbal abuse from nurse colleagues were more likely to be unmarried, work in a hospital setting, or work in a non‐magnet hospital. They also had lower job satisfaction, and less organizational commitment, autonomy, and intent to stay. Lastly, they perceived their work environments unfavorably.ConclusionsData support the hypothesis that early career RNs are vulnerable to the effects of verbal abuse from nurse colleagues. Although more verbal abuse is seen in environments with unfavorable working conditions, and RNs working in such environments tend to have less favorable work attitudes, one cannot assume causality. It is unclear if poor working conditions create an environment where verbal abuse is tolerated or if verbal abuse creates an unfavorable work environment.Clinical RelevanceThere is a need to develop and test evidence‐based interventions to deal with the problems inherent with verbal abuse from nurse colleagues.
Corporate Acquisitions, Diversification, and the Firm's Life Cycle
Authors: ARIKAN ASLI M. , STULZ RENÉ M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAgency theories predict that older firms make value‐destroying acquisitions to benefit managers. Neoclassical theories predict instead that such firms make wealth‐increasing acquisitions to exploit underutilized assets. Using IPO cohorts, we establish that, while younger firms make more related and diversifying acquisitions than mature firms, the acquisition rate follows a U‐shape over firms’ life cycle. Consistent with neoclassical theories, we show that acquiring firms have better performance and growth opportunities and create wealth through acquisitions of nonpublic firms throughout their life. Consistent with agency theories, older firms experience negative stock price reactions for acquisitions of public firms.
Does Academic Research Destroy Stock Return Predictability?
Authors: MCLEAN R. DAVID , PONTIFF JEFFREY 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe study the out‐of‐sample and post‐publication return predictability of 97 variables shown to predict cross‐sectional stock returns. Portfolio returns are 26% lower out‐of‐sample and 58% lower post‐publication. The out‐of‐sample decline is an upper bound estimate of data mining effects. We estimate a 32% (58%–26%) lower return from publication‐informed trading. Post‐publication declines are greater for predictors with higher in‐sample returns, and returns are higher for portfolios concentrated in stocks with high idiosyncratic risk and low liquidity. Predictor portfolios exhibit post‐publication increases in correlations with other published‐predictor portfolios. Our findings suggest that investors learn about mispricing from academic publications.
Boarding a Sinking Ship? An Investigation of Job Applications to Distressed Firms
Authors: BROWN JENNIFER , MATSA DAVID A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe use novel data from a leading online job search platform to examine the impact of corporate distress on firms’ ability to attract job applicants. Survey responses suggest that job seekers accurately perceive firms’ financial condition, as measured by companies’ credit default swap prices and accounting data. Analyzing responses to job postings by major financial firms during the Great Recession, we find that an increase in an employer's distress results in fewer and lower quality applicants. These effects are particularly evident when the social safety net provides workers with weak protection against unemployment and for positions requiring a college education.
Political Tie Heterogeneity and the Impact of Adverse Shocks on Firm Value
Authors: Sun Pei , Mellahi Kamel , Wright Mike , Xu Haoping 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPast research has recognized the contingent value of corporate political ties but largely neglects their heterogeneity. Drawing on the political embeddedness perspective and literature on emerging economy political institutions, we develop hypotheses regarding how political networks comprising managerial and government ownership ties may have different valuation effects in the face of adverse political shocks. Examining stock market responses to an unanticipated, high‐profile political event in China, we find a negative valuation effect of managerial ties to municipal government, but an insignificant effect of government ownership ties. Further, companies combining managerial and ownership ties experienced less post‐shock reduction in market value than those holding only managerial political ties. These findings shed light on the values of different configurations of corporate political ties and inform firms of potential ways to manage ubiquitous political hazards in emerging economies.
Emmanuel Levinas and the New Science of Judaism
Authors: Sohn Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article addresses Emmanuel Levinas's re‐conceptualization of Jewish identity by examining his response to a question he himself poses: “In which sense do we need a Jewish science?” First, I attend to Levinas's critique of modern science of Judaism, particularly as it was understood in the critical approaches of the nineteenth‐century school of thought, Wissenschaft des Judentums. Next, I detail Levinas's own constructive proposal that would, in his words, “enlarge the science of Judaism.” He retrieved classical textual sources that modern Judaism had neglected, while at the same time he enlarged Judaism's relevance beyond a historical community by turning to phenomenology as a rigorous science. Finally, I conclude with some reflections on the broader implications of this new science of Judaism for Jewish ethics and identity in a post‐war period.
Saint Thomas Aquinas's Pagan Virtues?
Authors: Overmyer Sheryl 
Published: October 2015

AbstractToday's conversations in virtue ethics are enflamed with questions of “pagan virtues,” which often designate non‐Christian virtue from a Christian perspective. “Pagan virtues,” “pagan vices,” and their historied interpretations are the subject of Jennifer Herdt's book Putting On Virtue: The Legacy of the Splendid Vices (2008). I argue that the questions and language animating Herdt's book are problematic. I offer an alternative strategy to Herdt's for reading Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologiae. My results are twofold: (1) a different set of conclusions and questions regarding the moral life that lend a fresh perspective to “pagan virtues” and (2) corresponding methodological suggestions for improving Herdt's project that would, to my mind, reaffirm her normative conclusions regarding the most viable ways forward for contemporary discussions of virtue.
Social rhythm interventions for bipolar disorder: a systematic review and rationale for practice
Authors: Crowe M. , Beaglehole B. , Inder M. 
Published: October 2015

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject
Environmental factors are important influences on the course of bipolar disorder. Three interconnected pathways to relapse have been identified as stressful life events, medication non‐ adherence, and disruptions in social rhythms (daily activity routine).
What this paper adds to existing knowledge
There is some emerging evidence supporting the use of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy and sleep/light manipulation to target social rhythms to promote mood stability.
What are the implications for practice
Mental health nurses have a responsibility to discuss the importance of social rhythms, particularly the sleep/wake cycle, with people who have bipolar disorder. Strategies for promoting social rhythm stability could be a useful adjunctive intervention for mental health nurses to implement in practice.
AbstractIntroductionThree interconnected pathways to relapse have been identified as stressful life events, medication non‐adherence and disruptions in social rhythms (daily activity and routine). The role of medication and stressful life events is generally better understood than the role of social rhythms. There is no previous review of interventions that target social rhythms.AimTo identify the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions that target social rhythms for improving mood symptoms.MethodA quantitative systematic review was conducted.ResultsSeven studies were included in the review: four reporting interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) interventions and three sleep/light interventions.DiscussionThe results suggest that IPSRT may have a potential benefit in improving mood symptoms and relapse, but it is not clear whether this is of greater benefit than an intensive supportive care intervention of similar duration. The sleep/light interventions demonstrated rapid mood improvements; however, it was not clear how long this improvement was sustained.Implications for practiceAttention to social rhythms and the implementation of interventions that target these could be useful for mental health nursing practice may provide people with BD a clinically effective adjunctive intervention to medication.
Effect of biologically active substances present in water extracts of white mustard and coriander on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation of mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Zielniok K. , Szkoda K. , Gajewska M. , Wilczak J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCoriander and white mustard, an annual plants originated in the Mediterranean region, have been cultivated and used as spices for a long time. Recent studies have shown that they may constitute a potential source of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of polyphenols in coriander and white mustard water extracts and to investigate their antioxidant activity in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells, which serve as a good model of cells with intensive metabolism. HPLC analysis showed that polyphenols were able to permeate from the water extracts of studied plants into the undifferentiated myoblasts as well as myocytes undergoing differentiation, increasing the concentration of reduced glutathione and upregulating glutathione reductase and peroxidase activity. White mustard and coriander extracts also decreased the levels of oxysterols and sum of tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in both: myoblasts and differentiating myocytes, demonstrating protective effect on cell membranes. The obtained results indicate that polyphenols synthesized by both herbs may have beneficial effects on muscle tissue.
Gastric dilatation volvulus: a retrospective study of 203 dogs with ventral midline gastropexy
Authors: Ullmann B. , Seehaus N. , Hungerbühler S. , Meyer‐Lindenberg A. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the recurrence rate of gastric dilatation volvulus and the incidence of complications in subsequent coeliotomies following ventral midline gastropexy.METHODSThe medical records of dogs treated for gastric dilatation volvulus by ventral midline gastropexy were retrospectively reviewed. Owners were contacted and invited to complete a questionnaire and to return to the clinic for ultrasonographic and radiographic follow‐up.RESULTSThe questionnaire was completed by 203 owners 2 to 123 months postoperatively, 24 of whom attended the follow‐up examination. Of the 203 dogs, 13 (6 · 4%) underwent subsequent ventral midline coeliotomy and none developed complications related to the gastropexy site. In 23 of the 24 re‐evaluated dogs, the stomach was closely associated with the abdominal on radiography and/or ultrasound. The recurrence rate for clinical signs of gastric dilatation or gastric dilatation volvulus after ventral midline gastropexy was 6 · 4%.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study shows that the recurrence of gastric dilatation volvulus after ventral midline gastropexy is low and adhesion of the stomach to the abdominal wall is persistent in almost all dogs that were re‐examined. The gastropexy site did not appear to interfere with subsequent coeliotomy.
Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science—XXIII: Dieter Stöffler
Authors: Sears Derek W. G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this interview, Dieter Stöffler (Fig. 1) describes how his interest in meteorites and impact craters dates from his Ph.D. studies at the University of Tübingen when it was learned that the Ries crater was formed by impact. A paper by Dieter's advisor, Wolf von Engelhardt, also triggered an interest in meteorites. After graduation, Dieter helped to establish a laboratory for high pressure mineralogy and he examined rocks from the Ries crater, which led to the concept of progressive shock metamorphism. The group also worked on newly returned Apollo samples and guided astronauts over the crater. A year at the NASA Ames Research Center taught Dieter about experimental impact research with a light‐gas gun. After a few more years at Tübingen, Dieter obtained a professorship at the University of Münster where he created the Institute of Planetology, got involved in planning space missions including comet sample return, and continued high pressure mineralogy in collaboration with colleagues in Freiburg. Through several decades of research, Dieter and colleagues have documented the effects of shock on all the major rock‐forming minerals and devised widely accepted schemes for the classification of shocked rocks. After the unification of Germany, Dieter became Director of the Natural History Museum in Berlin, during which he made much progress rebuilding the laboratories and the collections. Dieter also helped to create a museum and research center in the Ries crater. He received the Barringer Award of the Meteoritical Society in 1994 and several prestigious awards in Germany.
TheWorldHealthOrganization's global target for reducing childhood stunting by 2025: rationale and proposed actions
Authors: de Onis Mercedes , Dewey Kathryn G. , Borghi Elaine , Onyango Adelheid W. , Blössner Monika , Daelmans Bernadette , Piwoz Ellen , Branca Francesco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn 2012, the World Health Organization adopted a resolution on maternal, infant and young child nutrition that included a global target to reduce by 40% the number of stunted under‐five children by 2025. The target was based on analyses of time series data from 148 countries and national success stories in tackling undernutrition. The global target translates to a 3.9% reduction per year and implies decreasing the number of stunted children from 171 million in 2010 to about 100 million in 2025. However, at current rates of progress, there will be 127 million stunted children by 2025, that is, 27 million more than the target or a reduction of only 26%. The translation of the global target into national targets needs to consider nutrition profiles, risk factor trends, demographic changes, experience with developing and implementing nutrition policies, and health system development. This paper presents a methodology to set individual country targets, without precluding the use of others. Any method applied will be influenced by country‐specific population growth rates. A key question is what countries should do to meet the target. Nutrition interventions alone are almost certainly insufficient, hence the importance of ongoing efforts to foster nutrition‐sensitive development and encourage development of evidence‐based, multisectoral plans to address stunting at national scale, combining direct nutrition interventions with strategies concerning health, family planning, water and sanitation, and other factors that affect the risk of stunting. In addition, an accountability framework needs to be developed and surveillance systems strengthened to monitor the achievement of commitments and targets.
Directed Technical Change and Capital Deepening: A Reconsideration of Kaldor's Technical Progress Function
Authors: Schlicht Ekkehart 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis note proposes a growth model that is derived from the standard Solow growth model by replacing the neoclassical production function with Kaldor's technical progress function while maintaining a marginalist theory of factor prices in the spirit suggested by von Weizsäcker. The hybrid model so obtained explains balanced growth in a way that appears less arbitrary than possible explanations in the Solow model, especially because it directly accounts for Harrod neutral technical change, without any need for further assumptions. It complements the current neoclassical and AK models by offering a further perspective for interpreting economic growth.
coppers from the hood: Haida Manga Interventions and Performative Acts
Authors: Levell Nicola 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the traditional indigenous economy of the Northwest Coast, copper shields were a highly prized form of material and symbolic wealth. In many cases, they were requisitioned by colonial authorities and became part of the ethnographic holdings of museums. Challenging this history of appropriation and keeping, Michael Nicoll Yahgulanaas created a series of artworks, Haida Manga Coppers from the Hood (2007), for the exhibition Meddling in the Museum: Michael Nicoll Yahgulanaas at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia. As site‐specific interventions, these Coppers were designed to subvert dominant narratives and practices that circumscribe ownership of cultural heritage and concomitantly suppress indigenous rights, epistemologies, and histories. This institutional or indigenized critique was not only evinced in the display and materiality of the Coppers from the Hood but also iterated and amplified in the “performative acts,” such as the First Nation speeches delivered at the exhibition opening. This article explores the interplay between objects and acts, between the tangible and intangible expressions of museum anthropology that not only index but also instantiate social relations, indigenous identities, intercultural histories, and the politics of ownership and belonging. I argue that through these types of material and performative expressions the museum can be understood as a “site of persuasion” (Dubin 2011:478; Morphy 2006:473), wherein indigenous peoples, including activists and artists, continue their struggle to reclaim and animate their cultural heritage, in old and new forms. [Haida Manga, performative acts, indigenized critique]