bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental white piedra: a robust approach to ultrastructural analysis, scanning electron microscopy and etiological discoveries
Authors: Inácio Cicero P. , Rocha Ana Paula S. , Barbosa Renan do N. , Oliveira Neiva T. , Silva Josineide C. , de Lima‐Neto Reginaldo G. , Macêdo Danielle Patrícia C. , Neves Rejane P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhite piedra is a fungal infection characterized by nodules comprised of Trichosporon species and restricted to the extrafollicular portion of the hair shaft. The diagnosis is based on clinical and mycological characteristics, and must be confirmed with a precise identification of the etiological agent. This research aimed to develop an in vitro infection model of white piedra and analyze its morphological and ultra‐structural aspects. In the process, hair infection was induced using eight isolates of the genus Trichosporon maintained in the Culture Collection Micoteca URM. The ITS and IGS1 regions were sequenced for taxonomic confirmation. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was performed at the Strategic Center for Northeast Technologies (CETENE). The scanning electron microscope was equipped with an Energy Dispersion Spectrometer (EDS). The Trichosporon isolates were identified as Trichosporon asahii (6) and Trichosporon montevideense (2) by internal transcript spacer (ITS) region and intergenic spacer 1 region (IGS1) sequencing. All eight strains were used to induce the in vitro hair infection, and nodules formed after the incubation period. Temperature variations and high humidity were not observed to be related to the development of this hair disease. The main chemical constituents detected in the nodules were carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, as well as a low level of sulfur. The absence of calcium, combined with the low level of sulfur, might explain the soft nature of the white piedra nodules. This study demonstrated that several Trichosporon species may be responsible for causing white piedra.
Association for Conflict Resolution Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordinators
Authors: Fieldstone Linda , Bronson Sue , Michelle Morley Hon. 
Published: October 2015

On November 6, 2014, the AFCC Board of Directors endorsed the Association for Conflict Resolution (ACR) Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination, including ethical principles for Eldercaring Coordinators, training protocols, and court pilot project template. The collaboration between Task Forces created by ACR and the Florida Chapter of AFCC, composed of twenty U.S./Canadian and twenty Florida‐wide organizations, produced both an overarching guide to assist in the development of programs and a more detailed model addressing state/province‐specific needs and characteristics. Eldercaring coordination is a dispute resolution option specifically for high‐conflict cases involving the care, needs, and safety of elders.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
There are currently no dispute resolution options for parties involved in high‐conflict cases regarding the care, needs, and safety of an elder.
The ACR Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination address the discrepancies between dispute resolution options available for parents in conflict regarding their minor children and mature families with unresolved concerns about the care, needs, and safety of an elder.
The ACR Guidelines for Eldercaring Coordination provide information regarding the ethical practice of eldercaring coordination including a specific definition, recommended qualifications, ethical practices, grievance procedures, training protocols, and a court pilot project template.
The practice of eldercaring coordination will address the influx of court cases expected as baby boomers continue to age, reducing delays in court hearings, as parties will have the opportunity to resolve their concerns without continuous court attention.
As of June 2015, five states began Pilot Projects on Eldercaring Coordination, which will be studied by an independent research group to enhance the progress of the process and to develop the best practices for initiating the programs elsewhere.
Associations between Parent and Child Reports Of Interparental Conflict/Violence And Child Difficulties in A Family Mediation Setting*
Authors: Rudd Brittany N. , Hotzworth‐Munroe Amy , Applegate Amy G. , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Ballard Robin H. , Bates John E. 
Published: October 2015

We examined the association between parents’ (N = 52 mothers and 52 fathers) and children's (N = 27) reports of interparental conflict and child difficulties in a family mediation setting. Parents’ reports of conflict were moderately associated with children's reports of exposure to parental conflict, but only fathers’ reports of conflict were associated with children's reports of negative responses to parent conflict. While mothers and fathers agreed on their child's difficulties, only mothers’, not fathers’, report of child difficulties were moderately related to child reports of child difficulties. Mothers’ and fathers’ reports of conflict generally were not strongly associated with reports of child difficulties. In contrast to parent reports, children's reports of exposure to parents’ conflict were moderately and significantly related to self‐reported child difficulties and moderately related to parents’ reports of child academic difficulties. The magnitude of the association between the child's report of interparental conflict and self‐report of difficulties was stronger than the association between parent report of conflict and parent report of child difficulties, suggesting that parents may not fully understand their child's exposure to parent conflict/violence or the problems their child is experiencing.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
Family law stakeholders prioritize the creation of parenting arrangements that are in the best interest of the child; however, it is unclear how to gather information about the child and the child's perspective in order to inform such arrangements.
The study results suggest that parents may not agree with each other or with the child about important family issues, such as parent conflict and child difficulties. For example, parents may not fully understand their child's exposure to parental conflict/violence when in the midst of custody negotiations.
More research is needed to determine the best method for gathering information about the child during custody proceedings. In the meantime, it is important to gather information from multiple sources and to consider the agreement and differences across such sources of information.
Assessing the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency: An Evaluation of a Court‐Based Delinquency Prevention Program
Authors: Bergdahl Jacqueline , Twill Sarah , Norris Michael , Ream Matthew 
Published: October 2015

In 2002, the State of Ohio mandated juvenile courts to provide prevention for at‐risk youth. This study examined official court records to evaluate the effectiveness of a prevention program administered by the Greene County Juvenile Court. A sample of 362 youth referred to the program for the years 2002 to 2009 by concerned caretakers, teachers, and police was analyzed. Consistent with intake goals, 81.7% of clients were referred for at‐risk but not actually delinquent behaviors. Completion of the prevention program did not predict future court referrals, but neither did seriousness of referral behavior. Children with two biological parents were significantly more likely to complete the program, whereas referrals to Strengthening Families Program and substance abuse screening significantly predicted program noncompletion. Implications for policy and research are discussed.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
This article highlights efforts by county juvenile court to implement a secondary prevention program for at‐risk but not officially court‐referred youth.
Delinquency prevention research depends on good juvenile court data and adequate comparison groups.
Evidence‐based predelinquent interventions with external process and outcome evaluations should be the standard.
Ensuring Insurance for Foster Care: Requiring Foster Parents to Obtain Liability Insurance to Cover Harm Done to Foster Children in their Care
Authors: Palma Devon 
Published: October 2015

This Note proposes that all states should require that foster parents have liability insurance before children are placed in their care. This Note also proposes that the liability insurance needs to cover not just harm to third parties but also harm to the foster children through the negligent acts of the foster parents. This legislation will allow foster children to have standing to bring claims against their foster parents and insurance companies and give them a greater opportunity for recovery. Currently, the policies and statutes governing the policies in place do not cover all types of harm that can occur during the foster parent–child relationship. Certain policies leave children who are harmed by their foster parents’ negligence unable to recover any damages from the people who have harmed them. Because foster parents can be left to defend the actions themselves, they often become judgment proof due to their low income, leaving the children who are harmed with little chance of recovery.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
States need to require foster parents to obtain liability insurance, which covers harm done by the foster children to third parties, harm to the home, and any harm done to the child by the foster parents.
Learning to be A Peacemaking Lawyer: Law Student Perspectives on Building Peacemaking into Law School Curricula, Building Paths to Practice for New Lawyers, and Interdisciplinary Training
Authors: Zeidel Matthew , Yu Sandy , Zerehi Sara 
Published: October 2015

From our perspectives as students, we reflect on the teachings of Lawyer as Peacemaker, a Winter 2015 course taught at UCLA School of Law — the school's course devoted to peacemaking lawyering. Utilizing our newfound peacemaking worldview, we share our collective reactions to the Lawyer as Peacemaker course and the ten articles in the Family Court Review Special Issue on Peacemaking for Divorcing Families. We then advocate for integrating peacemaking into law school curricula and experiential learning offerings and make recommendations on how law schools today can prepare students to practice peace.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
This article is a collaborative work product of three students who come from an array of work experience, backgrounds and interests and from their newly founded peacemaking worldview, the three students collaboratively analyzed ideas presented in the Lawyer as Peacemaker course and the articles from this issue.
The peacemaking mediation allows the parties more control over their legal disputes and allows the control of the costs that come with litigation.
Peacemaking involves a holistic and collaborative method, involving mental health professionals to financial advisors as well as legal professionals.
However, peacemaking skill courses are not readily available to many law students while studying in law school.
This valuable asset should be made available more extensively to law students interested in family law.
Initial soil C and land‐use history determine soil C sequestration under perennial bioenergy crops
Authors: Rowe Rebecca L. , Keith Aidan M. , Elias Dafydd , Dondini Marta , Smith Pete , Oxley Jonathan , McNamara Niall P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the UK and other temperate regions, short rotation coppice (SRC) and Miscanthus x giganteus (Miscanthus) are two of the leading ‘second‐generation’ bioenergy crops. Grown specifically as a low‐carbon (C) fossil fuel replacement, calculations of the climate mitigation provided by these bioenergy crops rely on accurate data. There are concerns that uncertainty about impacts on soil C stocks of transitions from current agricultural land use to these bioenergy crops could lead to either an under‐ or overestimate of their climate mitigation potential. Here, for locations across mainland Great Britain (GB), a paired‐site approach and a combination of 30‐cm‐ and 1‐m‐deep soil sampling were used to quantify impacts of bioenergy land‐use transitions on soil C stocks in 41 commercial land‐use transitions; 12 arable to SRC, 9 grasslands to SRC, 11 arable to Miscanthus and 9 grasslands to Miscanthus. Mean soil C stocks were lower under both bioenergy crops than under the grassland controls but only significant at 0–30 cm. Mean soil C stocks at 0–30 cm were 33.55 ± 7.52 Mg C ha−1 and 26.83 ± 8.08 Mg C ha−1 lower under SRC (P = 0.004) and Miscanthus plantations (P = 0.001), respectively. Differences between bioenergy crops and arable controls were not significant in either the 30‐cm or 1‐m soil cores and smaller than for transitions from grassland. No correlation was detected between change in soil C stock and bioenergy crop age (time since establishment) or soil texture. Change in soil C stock was, however, negatively correlated with the soil C stock in the original land use. We suggest, therefore, that selection of sites for bioenergy crop establishment with lower soil C stocks, most often under arable land use, is the most likely to result in increased soil C stocks.
Outcomes of direct pulp capping: interrogating an insurance database
Authors: Raedel M. , Hartmann A. , Bohm S. , Konstantinidis I. , Priess H. W. , Walter M. H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of direct pulp capping under general practice conditions. It was hypothesized that direct pulp capping is an effective procedure in the majority of cases and prevents the need for root canal treatment or extraction.MethodologyClaims data were collected from the digital database of a major German national health insurance company. Only patients who had been insurance members for the entire 3 year period 2010 to 2012 were eligible. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were conducted for all teeth with direct pulp capping. Success was defined as not undergoing root canal treatment. Survival was defined as not undergoing extraction. Differences between survival functions were tested with the log rank test.ResultsA total of 148 312 teeth were included. The overall success rate was 71.6% at 3 years. The overall survival rate was 95.9% at 3 years. The success rates for single‐rooted teeth (71.8%) and multirooted teeth (71.5%) were similar although significantly different (P < 0.001). Best 3‐year success rates were found at low (79.7%; <18 years.) and very high age (81.8%; >85 years.).ConclusionsAfter direct pulp capping, more than two‐thirds of the affected teeth did not undergo root canal treatment within 3 years. Although this study has the typical limits of a claims data analysis, it can be concluded that direct pulp capping is an effective intervention to avoid root canal treatment and extraction in a general practice setting.
Chloroform upregulates early growth response‐1‐dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression via the JNK and ERK pathways in human keratinocytes
Authors: Lee Hana , Bae Hyun Cheol , Kim Jinhee , Jeong Sang Hoon , Ryu Woo‐In , Son Sang Wook 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundExposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the environment has been reported to exacerbate allergic inflammatory diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the exact mechanism by which VOCs induce an inflammatory response in the skin is poorly understood. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is known to be an important factor in the initiation and maintenance of allergic inflammatory diseases, including AD.ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to define the correlation between VOCs and TSLP.MethodsThe present study demonstrates dose‐dependent increases of TSLP protein and mRNA levels in keratinocytes following exposure to chloroform. We further investigated the regulatory mechanisms of chloroform‐induced TSLP expression in human keratinocytes.ResultsChloroform induces early growth response‐1 (Egr‐1) protein expression in human keratinocytes. This process is mediated by the c‐JUN N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Inhibition of phosphorylated JNK and ERK significantly downregulated Egr‐1 expression, which was subsequently associated with reduced TSLP expression in chloroform‐exposed human keratinocytes. Moreover, treatment of Egr‐1 siRNA abolished chloroform‐induced TSLP protein expression and TSLP promoter transcriptional activation.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings suggest that, in human keratinocytes, the upregulation of TSLP by chloroform is induced through an Egr‐1‐dependent mechanism that requires the c‐JNK and ERK pathways. Our results suggest that exposure to chloroform may aggravate allergic skin diseases such as AD through Egr‐1‐dependent TSLP regulation.
Correlation of human papillomavirus types with clinical features of patients with condyloma acuminatum in China
Authors: Cong Xianling , Sun Ran , Zhang Xuewen , Wang Yuqian , Wang Liying , Yu Yongli 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundCondyloma acuminatum (CA)‐related human papillomavirus (HPV) typing has focused on the prevalence of HPV types. The correlation between HPV types and the clinical features of CA has rarely been documented.AimsThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between HPV types and the clinical features of CA.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to type HPV in the CA lesions from 80 Chinese patients with full clinical data.ResultsWe determined that HPV6 and HPV11 single infections were the most frequent and accounted for 38.7 and 36.3%, respectively. Multiple infections caused by HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, and/or HPV31 accounted for the remaining 25%. We were the first to document the HPV11 and HPV31 co‐infection in a patient with colon carcinoma infected anal CA in China. The statistical analysis demonstrated that multiple HPV infections predisposed an individual to more warts, larger warts, a longer disease course, and a greater frequency of recurrence. The cases infected with the high‐risk type, HPV16, accounted for 60% of the multiple infections and had a higher relapse rate than any other type of HPV infection.ConclusionsCompared with a single HPV type infection, multiple HPV infections in CA were related to a more severe disease and a worse prognosis. These data provide useful information for the treatment and prognosis of CA. Mapping the proportion of CA caused by the virus types pre‐vaccination enables the prediction of the vaccination benefits regarding CA burden reduction.
Terra firma‐forme dermatosis: report of a series of 11 cases and a brief review of the literature
Authors: Ashique Karalikkattil T. , Kaliyadan Feroze , Goyal Tarang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundTerra firma‐forme dermatosis (TFFD) is a benign, yet little known disorder with very few cases reported in the literature. TFFD is considered to be only a cosmetic problem but can be a cause of embarrassment for the patients.MethodsEleven patients with TFFD presenting in a tertiary care center over a period of 5 years were analyzed with respect to disease presentation, treatment, and possible factors involved in causation.ResultsThe commonest cause in our series was ignorance regarding proper cleansing techniques, inadequate pressure while scrubbing the affected area, and a lack of concern, fear, or pain as in the case of surgical sites.ConclusionAwareness among the clinicians about the existence of TFFD is essential to save time for the clinician and to reduce the economic burden on the patient by avoiding costly investigations and treatment. Proper counseling regarding the cleansing of surgery sites may help prevent the development of this condition in such situations.
Processing and Testing of RE2Si2O7 Fiber–Matrix Interphases for SiC–SiC Composites
Authors: Boakye Emmanuel E. , Mogilevsky Pavel , Parthasarathy Triplicane A. , Keller Kristin A. , Hay Randall S. , Cinibulk Michael K. 
Published: October 2015

Rare‐earth disilicates (RE2Si2O7) are investigated for use as oxidation‐resistant alternatives to carbon or BN fiber–matrix interphases in ceramic matrix composites (CMC). Dense α, β, γ‐Y2Si2O7, and γ‐Ho2Si2O7 pellets were formed at 64 MPa and 1050°C–1200°C for 1 h using the field‐assisted sintering technique (FAST). Pellet modulus was measured using nanoindentation, and Vickers hardness was measured at loads of 100, 500, and 1000 g. The sliding stress of SCS‐0 SiC fibers incorporated in α‐, β‐, and γ‐RE2Si2O7 matrices were measured by fiber push‐out. Deformation of RE2Si2O7 after indentation and after fiber push‐out was characterized by TEM. Implications of the results for use of RE2Si2O7 as a fiber–matrix interphase in CMCs are discussed.
Highly Conductive p‐Type Zinc blende SiC Thin Films Fabricated on Silicon Substrates by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Kim Kwang Joo , Kim Min Hwan , Kim Young‐Wook 
Published: October 2015

Polycrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) thin films were fabricated on Si(100) substrates using radio‐frequency magnetron sputtering followed by annealing at 1300°C in an Ar atmosphere. The SiC films exhibited a zinc blende structure with planar and point defects as detected by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The SiC films were p‐type conductive with electrical resistivity as low as 2.8 × 10−3 Ω·cm at room temperature. The p‐type character of the SiC films can be explained in terms of the Si vacancies in the C‐rich environment as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy.
The opposite end of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder continuum: genetic and environmental aetiologies of extremely low ADHD traits
Authors: Greven Corina U. , Merwood Andrew , van der Meer Jolanda M. J. , Haworth Claire M. A. , Rommelse Nanda , Buitelaar Jan K. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundAlthough attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to reflect a continuously distributed quantitative trait, it is assessed through binary diagnosis or skewed measures biased towards its high, symptomatic extreme. A growing trend is to study the positive tail of normally distributed traits, a promising avenue, for example, to study high intelligence to increase power for gene‐hunting for intelligence. However, the emergence of such a ‘positive genetics’ model has been tempered for ADHD due to poor phenotypic resolution at the low extreme. Overcoming this methodological limitation, we conduct the first study to assess the aetiologies of low extreme ADHD traits.MethodsIn a population‐representative sample of 2,143 twins, the Strength and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal behaviour (SWAN) questionnaire was used to assess ADHD traits on a continuum from low to high. Aetiological influences on extreme ADHD traits were estimated using DeFries–Fulker extremes analysis. ADHD traits were related to behavioural, cognitive and home environmental outcomes using regression.ResultsLow extreme ADHD traits were significantly influenced by shared environmental factors (23–35%) but were not significantly heritable. In contrast, high‐extreme ADHD traits showed significant heritability (39–51%) but no shared environmental influences. Compared to individuals with high extreme or with average levels of ADHD traits, individuals with low extreme ADHD traits showed fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems, better cognitive performance and more positive behaviours and positive home environmental outcomes.ConclusionsShared environmental influences on low extreme ADHD traits may reflect passive gene‐environment correlation, which arises because parents provide environments as well as passing on genes. Studying the low extreme opens new avenues to study mechanisms underlying previously neglected positive behaviours. This is different from the current deficit‐based model of intervention, but congruent with a population‐level approach to improving youth wellbeing.