bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimizing total busy time in offline parallel scheduling with application to energy efficiency in cloud computing
Authors: Tian Wenhong , Yeo Chee Shin 
Published: November 2013

SummaryOur paper considers the following fundamental scheduling problem. There are n deterministic jobs to be scheduled offline on multiple identical machines, which have bounded capacities. Each job is associated with a start‐time, an end‐time, a process time, and demand for machine capacity. The goal is to schedule all of the jobs non‐preemptively in their start‐time‐end‐time windows, subject to machine capacity constraints such that the total busy time of the machines is minimized. We refer to this problem as minimizing the total busy time for the scheduling of multiple identical machines (MinTBT). This problem has important applications in power‐aware scheduling for Cloud computing, optical network design, customer service systems, and other related areas. Scheduling to minimize busy times is already NP‐hard in the special case where all jobs have the same process time and can be scheduled in a fixed time interval. One best‐known result for this problem is a 5‐approximation algorithm for special instances using first‐fit‐decreasing algorithm. In this paper, we propose and prove a 3‐approximation algorithm, modified first‐fit‐decreasing‐earliest for the general case and obtain more results for special cases. We then show how our results are applied in cloud computing to improve the energy efficiency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Conversions of Raffinose into Furfural Derivatives and Sugar Alcohols by Using Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Dabral Saumya , Nishimura Shun , Ebitani Kohki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInedible and/or waste biomass reserves are being strongly focused upon as a suitable new energy and chemical source. Raffinose, which is an indigestible trisaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and fructose, is found abundantly in beet molasses, sugar cane, and seeds of many leguminous plants. Herein, we demonstrate the one‐pot synthesis of furan derivatives and sugar alcohols from raffinose by using heterogeneous acid, base, and/or metal‐supported catalysts. The combination of Amberlyst‐15 and hydrotalcite (HT) showed a high activity (37 % yield) for 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde (HMF) through continuous hydrolysis, isomerization, and dehydration reactions. In addition, the use of a hydrotalcite‐supported ruthenium catalyst (Ru/HT) successfully afforded 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF, 27 % yield) from HMF produced by raffinose, directly. Moreover, the hydrogenation of hexoses obtained by raffinose hydrolysis into sugar alcohols (galactitol, mannitol, sorbitol) was also achieved in a high yield (91 %) with Amberlyst‐15 and Ru/HT catalysts. Thus, we suggest that raffinose has great potential for the synthesis of important industrial intermediates under mild reaction conditions.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization of Methyl Perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates with o‐Aminophenyl Ketones: Access to 2‐Perfluoroalkylated Quinolines
Authors: Han Jing , Li Li , Shen Yangyong , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Lu Xuesheng , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOne‐pot, two‐step cyclization of o‐aminophenyl ketones 1 and methyl perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates 2 takes place in the presence of copper(I) as catalyst and diisopropylethylamine as base, leading to 2‐perfluoroalkylated quinolines. Compared with previous methods that have been used to generate quinoline skeletons, this technique uses inexpensive copper salt as catalyst, methyl perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoate as fluorinated building block and proceeds smoothly under mild conditions, which makes the transformation both sustainable and practical.
Performance analysis for downlink massive MIMO system with ZF precoding
Authors: Zhao Long , Zheng Kan , Long Hang , Zhao Hui 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the performance for the downlink massive multiple‐input multiple‐output system when the base station serves multiple user terminals (UTs) using zero‐forcing precoding. The tight lower bound of average area spectrum efficiency ( A2SE) is derived as a function of the number of transmission antennas, the number of UTs and the equivalent transmission signal‐to‐noise ratio. Regarding the lower bound as the approximate A2SE, the optimal number of UTs maximising the A2SE is attained for given the number of transmission antennas and the equivalent transmission signal‐to‐noise ratio. After formulating the realistic power consumption model in consideration of both the transmission power and circuit power, the trade‐off between energy efficiency (EE) and A2SE is established, and the optimal EE with respect to A2SE is deduced. Moreover, both the outage probability and bit error ratio expressions are derived related to the degrees of freedom, defined as the difference between the number of transmission antennas and the number of UTs. Simulation results coincide to the analysis well, and they indicate that deploying more transmission antennas or multiplexing a rational number of UTs can improve the A2SE and EE, increasing the degrees of freedom will better both the outage probability and bit error ratio. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Parametric Analysis on DMFC Anode Degradation
Authors: Bresciani F. , Casalegno A. , Zago M. , Marchesi R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDegradation is one of the critical issues of direct methanol fuel cells. The experimental investigations found in the literature show that degradation has both permanent and temporary contributions. The latter can be recovered after operation interruption, but its origins are not fully understood. This work aims to investigate the anodic degradation by measuring the anode overpotential setting the cathode as a dynamic hydrogen electrode. Experimental degradation tests are performed in cycling operation, which consists in cycles of 20 min of continuous operation at constant current and a variable number of minutes at OCV. Experimental results show that the anode overpotential decreases after OCV period, demonstrating the existence of anode temporary degradation. Moreover the temporary contribution is strongly affected by the duration of OCV period: long operation interruption lowers temporary degradation. From the interpretation of impedance spectra, it is reasonable to attribute the anode temporary degradation mainly to the dehydration of the anode electrode and the reduction of methanol concentration due to CO2 accumulation that determines a gas diffusion layer and electrode saturation reduction. Instead hydrogen crossover from cathode to anode has a negligible effect. Finally, a physical model of anode impedance is used to support the proposed origins of anode temporary degradation.
Roles of serum fibrinogen α chain‐derived peptides in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Noguchi Miwa , Sato Toshiyuki , Nagai Kouhei , Utagawa Itaru , Suzuki Itsuku , Arito Mitsumi , Iizuka Nobuko , Suematsu Naoya , Okamoto Kazuki , Kato Tomohiro , Yamaguchi Noboru , Kurokawa Manae S. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo find a blood biomarker and disease‐related peptides in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we comprehensively detected serum peptides.MethodsIon intensity of serum peptides from 62 AD patients and 82 control subjects was measured by mass spectrometry.ResultsA total of 157 peptides were detected from 30 AD patients and 30 healthy control (HC) subjects. Sixty out of the 157 peptide profiles discriminated between the AD and HC groups. Sixteen out of the 60 peptides were identified, 10 out of which were fragments of a fibrinogen α chain (FIBA). Among the 10 peptides, four and six peptides were derived from fibrinopeptide A (FPA, Aα1–16) and the C‐terminal region of the αC‐domain (αCDC, Aα557–610), respectively. The profile of 10 FIBA‐derived peptides combined with age discriminated between the two groups with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.940. Validation of this model using a testing set of 32 AD patients and 19 HC subjects showed an AUROC of 0.717, sensitivity of 65.6%, and specificity of 73.7% by a cutoff value of 0.56420. Another value, 0.04029, showed sensitivity of 96.9%, suggesting that subjects with values less than 0.04029 rarely possess AD. FPA and αCDC showed increased ion intensity in the AD group compared with the HC group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe profile of 10 FIBA‐derived peptides combined with age would be a candidate biomarker for AD, which facilitates screening of the disease. The significant release of FPA and αCDC may be involved in the aberrant coagulation that leads to vascular damage in AD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study by computed radiography, histology, and scanning electron microscopy of the articular cartilage of normal goats and in chronic infection with caprine arthritis‐encephalitis virus
Authors: de Sousa Videlina Rodrigues , das Chagas Araújo Sousa Francisco , da Silva Filho Osmar Ferreira , Grassi Rici Rose Eli , das Neves Diniz Anaemilia , da Silva Moura Laécio , de Jesus Rosa Pereira Alves Jacyara , de Sousa Júnior Antônio , Angélica Miglino Maria , de Sousa João Macedo , de Jesus Moraes Junior Felipe , Ribeiro Alves Flávio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn the northeast of Brazil, caprine arthritis‐encephalitis (CAE) is one of the key reasons for herd productivity decreasing that result in considerable economic losses. A comparative study was carried out using computed radiography (CR), histological analysis (HA), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) of the joints of CAE infected and normal goats. Humerus head surface of positive animals presented reduced joint space, increased bone density, and signs of degenerative joint disease (DJD). The carpal joint presented no morphological alterations in CR in any of the animals studied. Tarsus joint was the most affected, characterized by severe DJD, absence of joint space, increased periarticular soft tissue density, edema, and bone sclerosis. Histological analysis showed chronic tissue lesions, complete loss of the surface zone, absence of proteoglycans in the transition and radial zones and destruction of the cartilage surface in the CAE positive animals. Analysis by SEM showed ulcerated lesions with irregular and folded patterns on the joint surface that distinguished the limits between areas of normal and affected cartilage. The morphological study of the joints of normal and CAE positive goats deepened understanding of the alteration in the tissue bioarchitecture of the most affected joints. The SEM finding sustained previous histological reports, similar to those found for rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that the goat infected with CAE can be considered as a potential model for research in this area. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:11–16, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dielectric pads and low‐ adiabatic pulses: Complementary techniques to optimize structural T1w whole‐brain MP2RAGE scans at 7 tesla
Authors: O'Brien Kieran R. , Magill Arthur W. , Delacoste Jean , Marques Jose P. , Kober Tobias , Fautz Hans‐Peter , Lazeyras Francois , Krueger Gunnar 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the combination of low‐B1+ adiabatic pulses and high permittivity (εr ≈ 165) dielectric pads effectiveness to reproducibly improve the inversion efficiency for whole‐brain MP2RAGE scans, at ultra‐high field.Materials and MethodsTwo low‐B1+ adiabatic pulses, HS8 and TR‐FOCI, were compared with the conventional HS1 adiabatic pulse in MP2RAGE acquisitions of four subjects at 7 Tesla. The uniform MP2RAGE images were qualitatively assessed for poor inversion artifacts by trained observers. Each subject was rescanned using dielectric pads. Eight further subjects underwent two MP2RAGE scan sessions using dielectric pads and the TR‐FOCI adiabatic pulse.ResultsThe HS8 and TR‐FOCI pulses improved inversion coverage in all subjects compared with the HS1 pulse. However, in subjects whose head lengths are large (≥136 mm) relative to the coil's z‐coverage, the B1+ field over the cerebellum was insufficient to cause inversion. Dielectric pads increase the B1+ field, by ∼50%, over the cerebellum, which in conjunction with the TR‐FOCI pulse, reproducibly improves the inversion efficiency over the whole brain for subjects with head lengths ≤155 mm. Minor residual inversion artifacts were present in three of eight subjects (head lengths ≥155 mm).ConclusionThe complementary techniques of low‐B1+ adiabatic RF pulses and high permittivity dielectric pads allow whole‐brain structural T1w images to be reliably acquired at ultra‐high field. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:804–812. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intra‐articular delivery of glucosamine for treatment of experimental osteoarthritis created by a medial meniscectomy in a rat model
Authors: Gibson Matthew , Li Hanwei , Coburn Jeannine , Moroni Lorenzo , Nahas Zayna , Bingham Clifford , Yarema Kevin , Elisseeff Jennifer 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTGlucosamine (GlcN) is a naturally occurring amino‐monosaccharide with putative chondroprotective activity. Optimum responses to GlcN are achieved at concentrations which are impractical with oral dosing. Intra‐articular delivery of a bolus dose of GlcN is one way to overcome these pharmacokinetic obstacles. In this study we report the effects of exposing primary human chondrocytes to a bolus dose of GlcN. We also locally administered GlcN in the context of a meniscal transection model of rat osteoarthritis (OA). The knees of male rats were subjected to medial meniscal transection and developed arthritic changes over 4 weeks. Treatment groups were then given thrice weekly 100 μL injections of 35 μg, 350 μg, 1.8 mg, or 3.5 mg of GlcN dissolved in normal saline. Gross images, modified Mankin scores, and histomorphometric measurements were used as outcome measures. The 350 μg dosage of GlcN had the most significant positive impact on all components of the modified Mankin score. Together, these findings suggest the local delivery of high concentrations of GlcN is well tolerated and can suppress experimental OA through influences on both bone and cartilage. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:302–309, 2014.
Intrinsic healing response of the human anterior cruciate ligament: An histological study of reattached ACL remnants
Authors: Nguyen Duy Tan , Ramwadhdoebe Tamara H. , van der Hart Cor P. , Blankevoort Leendert , Tak Paul Peter , van Dijk Cornelis Niek 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA reattachment of the tibial remnant of the torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to the posterior cruciate ligament is sometimes observed during surgery and apparently implies that the human ACL does have a healing response. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this reattachment tissue has similar histological characteristics of a healing response as the medial collateral ligament (MCL), which can heal spontaneously. Standard histology and immunostaining of α‐smooth muscle actin and collagen type 3 was performed. The results shows that the reattached tissue has typical characteristics of a healing response: the reattached ACL remnant could not be released by forceful traction; microscopy showed that the collagen fibers of the reattached tissue were disorganized with no preferred direction; increased neovascularization; the presence of lipid vacuoles; the mean number of cells within the biopsy tissue was 631 ± 269 cells per mm2; and 68 ± 20% was expressing α‐SMA; semi‐quantitative analysis of collagen type 3 expression showed that collagen type 3 had an high expression with an average score of 3. In conclusion, this study shows that the human proximal 1/3 ACL has an intrinsic healing response with typical histological characteristics similar to the MCL. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:296–301, 2014.
Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Equipment for Stroke Patients in Taiwan: Usage Problems and Improvement Needs
Authors: Huang Lan‐Ling , Lee Chang‐Franw , Hsieh Ching‐Lin , Chen Mei‐Hsiang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to survey occupational therapists for the usage problems and for their improvement needs for upper extremity rehabilitation equipment (UERE). A questionnaire was given to experienced occupational therapists from 113 hospitals that provide occupational therapy services with three or more professional full‐time therapists. A total of 48 hospitals sent back questionnaires, and 184 valid questionnaires were received. Most of the UERE had two major problems: The base of the equipment was unstable, and the equipment was uninteresting to use. The therapists reported that three major needs for design improvement in the UERE were adjustability of functions, exchangeability of components and recording of movement data. Some therapists had suggestions for designing new types of UERE, such as manual dexterity training equipment, activities of daily living oriented equipment, sensory re‐education equipment, arm supination and pronation training equipment, and wrist extension training equipment. These findings reveal the genuine user needs of upper extremity devices and provide useful applications to the development and re‐design of these devices. However, obtaining opinions primarily from experienced occupational therapists may pose a methodological limitation of this study. In future research, it is advised to include patients' opinions and also investigate whether a clinician's years of experience would affect his or her viewpoint of usage problems and improvement needs of the UERE. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microcantilevers as gas‐phase sensing platforms: Simplification and optimization of the production of polymer coated porous‐silicon‐over‐silicon microcantilevers
Authors: Meltzman Shai , Shemesh Ariel , Stolyarova Sara , Nemirovsky Yael , Eichen Yoav 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe asymmetric roughening of silicon microcantilevers using different vapor stain‐etching conditions is studied with the aim of optimizing face selective coating of microcantilevers by polymers through simple dipping. The effect of roughening is studied by following the time‐dependent guest‐induced bending of silicone microcantilevers coated with a poly‐4‐vinylpyridine sensing layer. A correlation between the surface roughness of the microcantilevers and their time‐dependent guest‐induced bending is gained from combining high resolution scanning electron microscopy studies of the surface of the microcantilevers as well as their cross‐sections with time‐dependent guest‐induced microcantilever bending. The purpose of the present work is to lay the foundations for a small and relatively simple gas‐phase sensing tool based on a microcantilever platform capable of offering wide range sensing capabilities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, 2014, 52, 141–146
A sensitive method for the sulfur isotope analysis of dimethyl sulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate in seawater
Authors: Said‐Ahmad Ward , Amrani Alon 
Published: November 2013

RATIONALEDimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the major volatile sulfur species emitted to the atmosphere from the oceans. The sulfur isotope ratio (34S/32S) of DMS may offer a way to calculate the contribution of marine DMS to global sulfur cycling. The S‐isotopic analysis of DMS is difficult due to its low concentrations in natural seawater and high chemical reactivity. Here we present a sensitive, precise and accurate method for determining the S‐isotopic composition of natural DMS and its precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), in seawater.METHODSThe method was based on a purge of DMS from aqueous solutions or natural seawater to a cryogenic trap and subsequent separation of DMS by gas chromatography. The separated DMS was then transferred from the gas chromatograph to a multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (GC/MC‐ICPMS system) for measurement of 34S/32S ratios. Correction for mass bias was accomplished using standard‐sample bracketing with peaks of SF6 as a reference gas.RESULTSResults obtained from synthetic DMS and DMSP dissolved in artificial seawater show >98% recovery of DMS and very good precision (0.1 to 0.3‰), accuracy and linearity (0.2‰) for the 26–179 picomoles (pmol) of DMS or DMSP injected. The system was tested with natural seawater from Eilat (Red Sea, Israel) and similar precision and accuracy for both DMS and DMSP were obtained. The δ34S values of DMS and DMSP from Eilat seawater were 19.2 ± 0.2‰ and 19.7 ± 0.2‰, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe coupling of a purge‐and‐trap system with a GC/MC‐ICPMS system was shown to be a sensitive, accurate and robust approach for the S‐isotope analysis of nanomolar (nM) concentrations of DMS and DMSP from aqueous solutions and natural seawater. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transluzentes Dachsystem für das Stadion in Essen
Authors: Schmieder Markus 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHalbschatten auf überdachter Fläche, Blick durch das Dach in den Himmel und Lichteffekte bei Nacht – das neu entwickelte Dachsystem BEMO‐monoSKY® bietet vielfältige und ungewöhnliche Gestaltungsvarianten. Das System kombiniert die Tragfähigkeit von gelochten Stehfalzprofilen mit der Transparenz des Layers, der die wasserführende Ebene bildet. Zudem ist der transparente Layer für jenes Lichtspektrum durchlässig, das für das Pflanzenwachstum notwendig ist. Das transluzente Dach aus BEMO‐monoSKY® ist nicht nur äußerst wirtschaftlich, sondern bietet der Architektur breit gefächerte und völlig neuartige Möglichkeiten.Translucent roof system for the Essen football stadium. Partial shade on roofed areas, open sky through the roof and night‐time lighting effects – the newly developed BEMO‐monoSKY® roof system gives rise to myriad unusual design concepts. The system combines the load‐bearing capacity of perforated standing seam profiles with the transparency of the layer formed by the water‐ carrying level. In addition, this transparent layer is also pervious to the light spectrum necessary for plant growth. Translucent roofs created using the BEMO‐monoSKY® system are not only extremely economical; they also offer a vast range of entirely innovative architectural options.