bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical control of the spin of a magnetic atom in a semiconductor quantum dot
Authors: Besombes L. , Boukari H. , Le Gall C. , Brunetti A. , Cao C.L. , Jamet S. , Varghese B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract:The control of single spins in solids is a key but challenging step for any
spin-based solid-state quantumcomputing device. Thanks to their expected long
coherence time, localized spins on magnetic atoms in a semiconductor host could
be an interesting media to store quantum information in the solid state. Optical
probing and control of the spin of individual or pairs of Manganese (Mn) atoms
(S = 5/2) have been obtained in II-VI and IIIV semiconductor quantum dots during
the last years. In this paper, we review recently developed optical control
experiments of the spin of an individual Mn atoms in II-VI semiconductor
self-assembled or strain-free quantum dots (QDs).We first show that the fine
structure of the Mn atom and especially a strained induced magnetic anisotropy
is the main parameter controlling the spin memory of the magnetic atom at zero
magnetic field. We then demonstrate that the energy of any spin state of a Mn
atom or pairs of Mn atom can be independently tuned by using the optical Stark
effect induced by a resonant laser field. The strong coupling with the resonant
laser field modifies the Mn fine structure and consequently its dynamics.We then
describe the spin dynamics of a Mn atom under this strong resonant optical
excitation. In addition to standard optical pumping expected for a resonant
excitation, we show that the Mn spin population can be trapped in the state
which is resonantly excited. This effect is modeled considering the coherent
spin dynamics of the coupled electronic and nuclear spin of the Mn atom
optically dressed by a resonant laser field. Finally, we discuss the spin
dynamics of a Mn atom in strain-free QDs and show that these structures should
permit a fast optical coherent control of an individual Mn spin.
Effects of phase shift on bipartite and multipartite correlations of a spin chain under dephasing
Authors: Chen Ai-Xi , Zhang Jian-Song 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We investigate the effects of phase shift on entanglement,
quantum discord, geometric discord, and spinsqueezing
of a Heisenberg chain under dephasing. An analytical
solution of the present model is obtained. Our results
show that the initial correlations of the spin chain
could be partially stored for a long time in the presence
of dephasing and the amount of steady state correlations
can be adjusted via phase shift. Particularly, we find the
effects of phase shift on quantum discord and geometric
discord are not always the same, i.e., the increase of
geometric discord does not always imply the increase of
quantum discord. Then, we calculate the spin-squeezing
of the spin chain and find that spin-squeezing first increases
with time and then reaches a plateau. The amount
of spin-squeezing can be controlled via phase shift.
Formulation and evaluation of freeze-dried DOTMP kit for the preparation of clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and
153Sm-DOTMP at the hospital radiopharmacy
Authors: Das Tapas , Chakraborty Sudipta , Sarma Haladhar D. , Banerjee Sharmila 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the present work is to develop and evaluate freeze-dried DOTMP kit, which could be utilized for
the convenient and single-step preparation of clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and 153Sm-DOTMP, both of which have
shown potential as alternative agents for metastatic bone pain palliation.

Experimental: Freeze-dried DOTMP kits, each comprising a lyophilized mixture of 20 mg DOTMP and 8.75 mg
NaOH, were prepared. The kits were used for the preparation of clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and 153Sm-DOTMP
complexes. The agents were prepared by dissolving the lyophilized powder in 1 mL of normal saline and incubating with
177LuCl3 or 153SmCl3, produced in-house, for 15 min at room temperature. Pharmacokinetic
behavior and biological distribution of the agents were studied by carrying out biodistribution as well as scintigraphic studies in
normal male Wistar rats. Shelf-life of the freeze-dried kits was also ascertained.

Results: Clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and 153Sm-DOTMP complexes, comprising up to 3.7 GBq
(100 mCi) of activity, were prepared with > 99% radiochemical purity using the freeze-dried kits. The complexes
exhibited high in vitro stability when stored at room temperature. Biological studies showed selective skeletal accumulation and
insignificant uptake of the radiotracers in any of the vital organs/tissue. The non-accumulated activity exhibited primary urinary
clearance. The kits had a shelf-life of 2 years when stored at 4 ℃ temperature.

Conclusion: Freeze-dried DOTMP kits, suitable for the preparation of clinical-scale 177Lu-DOTMP and
153Sm-DOTMP, have been developed and the radiochemical and biological behaviors of the radiolabeled agents have been
studied. The use of the kit at the hospital radiopharmacy is expected to make the preparations easy and convenient. This in turn will
enable the widespread dissemination of these promising agents towards their application for regular use.
Zur Chemie der 1,3,5-Triaza-2-phosphorinan- 4,6-dione. Teil XIV. Darstellung von weiteren P-alkyl- und P-arylsubstituierten 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2-phosphorinan-4,6-dionen
Authors: Gast Rainer , Neda Ion , Fischer Axel K. , Jones Peter G. , Schmutzler Reinhard 
Published: April 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Die Reaktion von 1,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,3,5-trimethylbiuret mit Di- bzw. Monochlorphosphanen führte unter Bildung von Me3SiCl zu den 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2σ
3
λ
3-phosphorinan-4,6-dionen 1–4 bzw. zu den 1,5-Bis(phosphano)-1,3,5-trimethylbiuret-Derivativen 5 und 6. Verbindungen 1, 2 und 4 wurden mittels Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Alle Heterozyklen wiesen eine flache Boot-Konfiguration auf, wobei das Phosphoratom und das gegenüberstehende Stickstoffatom außerhalb der Ebene der restlichen Atome lagen. Oxidation der σ
3
λ
3P-Derivative mit dem 1:1-Harnstoff/Wasserstoffperoxid-Addukt lieferte die entsprechenden 2-Oxo-2σ
4
λ
5-phosphorinan-4,6-dionen 8–11 und die 1,5-Bis(phosphoryl)biuret-Derivate 12 und 13. Die Spirophosphorane 15–22 wurden bei der Reaktion von 1–4 mit Tetrachlor-o-benzochinon, und von 1, 3und 4 mit Hexafluoraceton gebildet. Verbindungen 20 und 21 enthalten einen Oxaphosphetanring, der durch die elektronegativen CF3-Gruppen stabilisiert wird. Verbindung 22 wurde aus 21 durch Verlust der Trimethylsilylgruppe gebildet.Außer 21 wurden alle Oxaphosphetane über ihre 1H-, 13C-, 19F- und 31P-NMR-Spektren und mittels E.I.-Massenspektrometrie characterisiert. Auch für 20 wurde eine Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse durchgeführt; die Koordination am Phosphor ist stark verzerrt trigonal bipyramidal, wobei der Oxetanring eine axiale und eine equatoriale Lage am Phosphor besetzt. Die Reaktion von 1 mit 1-Trifluormethyl-2-(heptafluorisopropyl)-biacetyl lieferte 23 anstatt eines Oxaphosphetans wie 20.
Ionic binuclear ferrocenyl compounds containing 1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenide anions – synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic effects on thermal decomposition of main components of solid propellants
Authors: Zhao Dongmei , Li Jizhen , Bi Fuqiang , Yang Yahui , Gao Xiaoni , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Alkyl-substituted ferrocenes are typical burning-rate catalysts in composite solid propellants, but their high migration tendency and volatility has impeded their extensive applications. By introducing the concept of ionic energetic compounds, eight new ionic binuclear ferrocenyl compounds, [FcCH2N(CH3)2(CH2)
n
N(CH3)2CH2Fc]2+ (X–
2) (Fc = ferrocenyl; X– = 1,1,3,3-tetracyano propenide; n = 3–10; the compounds being numbered consecutively 1–8), were prepared and characterized. The molecular structures of 1, 2, and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and their cations were studied by density functional theory calculations (DFT). Compounds 1–5 show high thermal stability but 6–8 are slightly volatile. The results of cyclic voltammetry studies suggest that each salt exhibits a quasireversible redox system. Catalytic effects of the new salts on thermal degradation of ammonium perchlorate (AP), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triaza-cyclo-hexane (RDX), and 1,2,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), have been investigated by DSC and/or TG methods. The results show that the new compounds can bring the peak temperatures of both AP and RDX down significantly and enhance their heat release dramatically, indicating that the ferrocenyl salts possess high catalytic efficiency for the thermal decomposition of AP and RDX. Their catalytic activities are nearly equal to or higher than that of the corresponding nitrates and picrates, as well as their mononuclear counterparts. Compound 6 also efficiently catalyzes the thermal decomposition of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and 1:1 mixtures of HTPB and AP.
Liberal Protestants and Urban Renewal
Authors: Wild Mark 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article examines the liberal Protestant encounter with the urban renewal programs that remade U.S. cities after World War II. Suburbanization had punishing consequences for cities and threatened the already tenuous presence of liberal Protestants there. The concept of renewal—in both its religious and secular dimensions—promised a solution to these problems. Many renewalists, those clergy and laypeople who viewed deteriorating urban neighborhoods as an opportunity to restore Church unity, initially embraced urban renewal as a secular corollary to their work. But the interaction among ecclesial organizations, government, and inner city parishioners over its implementation exacerbated tensions within liberal Protestantism. Many who initially supported urban renewal came to conclude that its results did not match their own objectives. By supporting challenges to redevelopment from African Americans, Latinos, and other urban residents, renewalists criticized the Church for what they believed to be complicity in the degradation of Christian culture and the urban environment.This history demonstrates the mutual influence of culture and organizational structure within liberal Protestantism and the impact of those changes on secular society. Renewalists grappling with urban renewal programs interpreted both theological and secular concepts through their own experiences with city populations, Church bodies, government, and redevelopment agencies. Their subsequent actions prompted mainline denominational leaders to support, for a time, at least, ministries geared more towards to indigenous community development. Such ministries reflected a more pluralist conception of society and the Church's role in it. Eventually, renewalists' opponents turned this pluralist conception on its head, decentralizing the church bureaucracies that had funded their ministries. An analogous process took place in the urban renewal programs themselves, underscoring the ways in which religious and urban histories intersect.
Directional Trans-Synaptic Labeling of Specific Neuronal Connections in Live Animals
Authors: Desbois Muriel , Cook Steven J , Emmons Scott W , Bülow Hannes E 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Understanding animal behavior and development requires visualization and analysis of their synaptic connectivity, but existing methods are laborious or may not depend on trans-synaptic interactions. Here we describe a transgenic approach for in vivo labeling of specific connections in Caenorhabditis elegans, which we term iBLINC. The method is based on BLINC (Biotin Labeling of INtercellular Contacts) and involves trans-synaptic enzymatic transfer of biotin by the Escherichia coli biotin ligase BirA onto an acceptor peptide. A BirA fusion with the presynaptic cell adhesion molecule NRX-1/neurexin is expressed presynaptically, whereas a fusion between the acceptor peptide and the postsynaptic protein NLG-1/neuroligin is expressed postsynaptically. The biotinylated acceptor peptide::NLG-1/neuroligin fusion is detected by a monomeric streptavidin::fluorescent protein fusion transgenically secreted into the extracellular space. Physical contact between neurons is insufficient to create a fluorescent signal, suggesting that synapse formation is required. The labeling approach appears to capture the directionality of synaptic connections, and quantitative analyses of synapse patterns display excellent concordance with electron micrograph reconstructions. Experiments using photoconvertible fluorescent proteins suggest that the method can be utilized for studies of protein dynamics at the synapse. Applying this technique, we find connectivity patterns of defined connections to vary across a population of wild-type animals. In aging animals, specific segments of synaptic connections are more susceptible to decline than others, consistent with dedicated mechanisms of synaptic maintenance. Collectively, we have developed an enzyme-based, trans-synaptic labeling method that allows high-resolution analyses of synaptic connectivity as well as protein dynamics at specific synapses of live animals.
Įvadas
Authors: Laužikas Rimvydas 
Published: April 2015

Lietuvos muziejų situacijos tyrimo idėja kilo sklaidant užsienio autorių tyrimus panašia tematika. Skirtingose šalyse (Australijoje, JAV, Jungtinėje Karalystėje, Norvegijoje ir kt.) ir skirtingu laiku atlikti tyrimai rodo, kad daugumoje šalių viešasis kultūros paveldo ir atminties institucijų sektorius suprantamas kaip kuriantis įvairių kapitalo formų pridedamąją vertę, ta vertė skaičiuojama, o šiam sektoriui skiriamos lėšos traktuojamos kaip investicijos. [...]
Egodokumentai Lietuvos muziejuose ir jų panaudojimas
Authors: Pacevičius Arvydas 
Published: April 2015

Kultūros ministerijos duomenimis, Lietuvoje 2011 m. veikė 105 muziejai, eksponuojantys tik 5 proc. savo „turtų“ (iš viso saugoma 6 521 tūkst. eksponatų)1. Statistika neatskleidžia, kokią minėtų eksponatų dalį sudaro archyvalijos, tačiau preliminarūs tyrimai (Ivanova, 2011; Mikalajūnaitė, 2011) rodo, kad archyvinių vertybių muziejai turi sukaupę nemažai – tiek pagrindiniame, tiek pagalbiniame rinkinių fonduose ir muziejų archyvuose. Kyla klausimas, kokią archyvalijų dalį sudaro egodokumentai, t. y. autobiografinė raštija pirmuoju asmeniu, kuriai tradiciškai priskiriami atsiminimai, dienoraščiai, autobiografijos, laiškai ir kita. Kaip egodokumentai panaudojami? Ar „dalyvauja“ muziejinėje komunikacijoje, apimančioje mokslinę, edukacinę, pažintinę ir kitas veiklas? [...]
Lietuvos muziejų leidybinė veikla 2001–2011 metais
Authors: Brasaitė Fausta 
Published: April 2015

Muziejus kaip kultūros ir švietimo institucija, kurios svarbiausia veikla „kaupti, saugoti, restauruoti, tirti, eksponuoti ir populiarinti materialines ir dvasines kultūros vertybes bei gamtos objektus“ (Lietuvos Respublikos Seimas, 2003), yra neatsiejamas nuo visuomenės. Muziejaus ir visuomenės sąveika nuolat yra palaikoma, įvairiomis formomis vyksta komunikacija. Muziejus komunikacijos su visuomene procese yra informacijos siuntėjas. Muziejaus komunikacinę veiklą galima apibrėžti kaip veiksmų visumą, užtikrinančią informacijosprieinamumą gavėjui – visuomenei. [...]
Head Lice
Authors: Devore Cynthia D. , Schutze Gordon E. ,   THE COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH AND COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Okamoto Jeffrey , Allison Mandy , Ancona Richard , Attisha Elliott , De Pinto Cheryl , Holmes Breena , Kjolhede Christopher , Lerner Marc , Minier Mark , Weiss-Harrison Adrienne , Young Thomas , Byington Carrie L. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Romero José R. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. 
Published: April 2015

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-059282.
Head lice infestation is associated with limited morbidity but causes a high level of anxiety among parents of school-aged children. Since the 2010 clinical report on head lice was published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, newer medications have been approved for the treatment of head lice. This revised clinical report clarifies current diagnosis and treatment protocols and provides guidance for the management of children with head lice in the school setting.
Flexible and transparent TiO2/Ag/ITO multilayer electrodes on PET substrates for organic photonic devices
Authors: Kim Dae-Hyun , Kim Jun Ho , Lee Han-Kyeol , Na Jin-Young , Kim Sun-Kyung , Lee Jeong Hwan , Kim Sang-Woo , Yoo Young-Zo , Seong Tae-Yeon 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Attitudes of Prospective Teachers towards Homosexuality: A Case Study in Konya
Authors: CIRCIR Osman , SARGIN Nurten 
Published: April 2015

Sexuality has played a natural and significant role in human life throughout history and the interpretations of the values related with sexuality have varied in time and place (Pınar ve diğ., 2009). Homosexuality is also interpreted in various ways. In the modern Turkey, homosexuals are among the discriminated and marginalised groups (Gelbal ve Duyan, 2006; Oksal, 2008).
This study tried to determine the attitudes of prospective teachers towards homosexuality. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the attitudes of the participants vary according to gender, age and domains. Regarding this aim, the following research questions were put forward:
Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to gender?
Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to age?
Do the attitudes of the participants vary according to domains?
The study group was comprised of 488 students who were studying at Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, in Konya, Turkey in the academic year 2011-2012. The number of female participants was 319 and the number of males was 169. The age of participants was between 19 and 22. The Attitudes towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG) and Personal Information Form were used as data gathering instruments.
As regards the studies into gender variable, males have been found to have more negative attitudes than females.
As for the findings related with age variable, 21-22 year old participants were found to have more positive attitude towards homosexuals than other age groups.
The findings about the domain of the participants showed that the students with equal-weighted had more positive results towards homosexuality.
Enhancing Oil Recovery With Specialized Nanoparticles by Controlling Formation-Fines Migration at Their Sources in Waterflooding Reservoirs
Authors: Huang Tianping (Tim) , Clark David E. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Waterflooding is a conventional improved-oil-recovery method. When water flows into pores of the media in formations occupied by hydrocarbons, clays and other formation fines are released and flow with the injection water. The released formation particles can accumulate and plug the pore throats in the flow channels, causing lower water sweep efficiency and reduced oil recovery. The solution to this problem is adding additives into the injection water to stabilize formation clays and fine particles at their sources during waterflooding operations.
Recent studies and field applications have confirmed that some inorganic nanoparticles can efficiently control formation-fines migration in proppant fractures by coating the nanoparticles onto the proppants in hydraulic-fracturing and frac-pack applications. The nanoparticles have significantly high surface forces, including van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces, to attach themselves to the surface of commonly used proppants. The nanoparticles that adhere to the proppants adsorb migrating formation fines onto the proppant surface as the fines flow into the fracture.
This paper provides detailed laboratory evaluations of the use of the same nanoparticles to enhance oil recovery by stabilizing formation clays and fines in waterflooding operations. As water drives hydrocarbons toward producers, the nanoparticles fix the formation fines at their sources in the water flow channels. When the water breakthrough happens at producers, fewer fines accumulate at the near-wellbore region of producers to choke the production of hydrocarbons, and the water sweep efficiency is increased. Laboratory tests show that the effluent of a sandpack containing nanoparticles is cleaner than a pack containing no nanoparticles, and the pressure drop across the sandpack containing nanoparticles is less than that for a pack containing no nanoparticles under the same flow rate of 5%KCl and the same sand composition.
Actual and Optimal Hydraulic-Fracture Design in a Tight Gas Reservoir
Authors: Pang W.. , Du J.. , Zhang T.. , Ehlig-Economides C. A. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Designing hydraulic-fracture stimulation to optimize well productivity requires a carrier fluid with a suitable leakoff coefficient and knowledge of the initial reservoir pressure and permeability, the closure-stress magnitudes in the reservoir and in the bounding formations, and rock properties such as the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio, which can be determined from cores. When key parameters are left unknown, the hydraulic-fracture stimulation is likely to be severely suboptimal.
This study integrates pressure-buildup and production transient analyses with microseismic surveys and the recorded pumping schedule to estimate the aforementioned parameters in previously fractured wells in a tight gas reservoir that have been on production for up to 8.5 years.
The first well drilled and completed in the block included a pressure-buildup test that enabled accurate estimation of the initial reservoir pressure and permeability. A post-fracture buildup test was also conducted, and annual pressure-buildup tests in the subsequent 6 years showed continuous changes in the fracture morphology, with fracture conductivity decreasing by a factor of three and fracture length increasing by approximately 50%. Many of the subsequent wells were drilled in two patterned well clusters, each designed to account for fracture-propagation behavior indicated from a microseismic survey. A comparison with an optimal hydraulic-fracture design that was intended to maximize well productivity indicates that most of the well stimulations were suboptimal, with rate and cumulative production approximately one-half that of an optimized design on the basis of the same proppant mass.
The observed changes in fracture conductivity and length over time were not anticipated. Because such data are rarely recorded, the variations in fracture morphology may be fairly typical and should be of considerable interest to pressure-transient analysts. The production-data analysis shows the difficulties in determining formation and fracture parameters when the transient response lacks radial flow. The fracture-treatment analysis shows a comparison between the actual fracture treatment and one designed to maximize well productivity, and clearly illustrates the potential for well improvement through the use of modern hydraulic-fracture-design principles.