bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a process of implementation of a gestational diabetes nutrition model of care into practice
Authors: Wilkinson Shelley A. , McCray Sally , Beckmann Michael , McIntyre H. David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimPoorly controlled gestational diabetes mellitus can result in negative pregnancy and delivery outcomes. A reduced need for insulin was documented in the validation of American gestational diabetes Nutrition Practice Guidelines, which recommend at least three dietitian visits. No Australian gestational diabetes mellitus nutrition guidelines exist. This paper evaluates the implementation of a dietetic model of care based on the American guidelines in an Australian hospital.MethodsThe implementation plan consisted of a nine‐month pre (usual care)/post (new model of care) design with a month for ‘integration’ across 2012–2013. Primary outcomes were uptake of the new dietetic model of care and requirement for pharmacotherapy.ResultsBoth phases ran for seven months; integration required four months. Pre‐intervention, only one woman received a review appointment. Significantly more women received best‐practice care post‐implementation (P = 0.02); of the 162 women seen, 50.6% received two review appointments. As a result of heavy clinical demand, only 31.5% of the women seen post‐implementation received an individual dietitian assessment and education session, deviating from best practice. Clinically relevant changes were seen in medication requirements with a decrease in women requiring pharmacological treatment (31.1% (pre); 26.9% (post)). The difference was more pronounced in women who received best‐practice care (27.2% (no) vs 25.0% (yes)).ConclusionsThis project successfully increased the proportion of women seen according to best practice. Service limitations impaired the delivery of optimal care. The present study illustrates the opportunities and challenges of conducting evidence‐based implementation research in routine clinical care.
The Occurrence of Beer Spoilage Lactic Acid Bacteria in Craft Beer Production
Authors: Garofalo Cristiana , Osimani Andrea , Milanović Vesna , Taccari Manuela , Aquilanti Lucia , Clementi Francesca 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBeer is one of the world's most ancient and widely consumed fermented alcoholic beverages produced with water, malted cereal grains (generally barley and wheat), hops, and yeast. Beer is considered an unfavorable substrate of growth for many microorganisms, however, there are a limited number of bacteria and yeasts, which are capable of growth and may spoil beer especially if it is not pasteurized or sterile‐filtered as craft beer. The aim of this research study was to track beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inside a brewery and during the craft beer production process. To that end, indoor air and work surface samples, collected in the brewery under study, together with commercial active dry yeasts, exhausted yeasts, yeast pellet (obtained after mature beer centrifugation), and spoiled beers were analyzed through culture‐dependent methods and PCR‐DGGE in order to identify the contaminant LAB species and the source of contamination. Lactobacillus brevis was detected in a spoiled beer and in a commercial active dry yeast. Other LAB species and bacteria ascribed to Staphylococcus sp., Enterobaceriaceae, and Acetobacter sp. were found in the brewery. In conclusion, the PCR‐DGGE technique coupled with the culture‐dependent method was found to be a useful tool for identifying the beer spoilage bacteria and the source of contamination. The analyses carried out on raw materials, by‐products, final products, and the brewery were useful for implementing a sanitization plan to be adopted in the production plant.
Determination of Estrogens in Milk Samples by Magnetic‐Solid‐Phase Extraction Technique Coupled With High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Wang Juan , Cheng Chunsheng , Yang Yaling 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA magnetic‐solid‐phase extraction method coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection has been developed for simultaneous determination of 3 estrogens in milk samples. In this work, Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized by a simple chemical co‐precipitation reaction, and the surface of Fe3O4 was modified with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB; designed as Fe3O4@CTAB). The synthesized Fe3O4@CTAB NPs were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscope. Fe3O4@CTAB NPs have high binding affinity toward estrone (E1), 17β‐estradiol (17β‐E2), and diethylstilbestrol (DES). Fe3O4@CTAB NPs can be easily separated from sample solutions using an external magnet due to the high super‐paramagnetic property. The separation, preconcentration procedure is fast and will be completed in 2 min. Estrogens linear dynamic ranges were achieved in the range of 10 to 1000 ng/mL with regression coefficients (R2) higher than 0.9992. The limits of detection were between 0.26 and 0.61 ng/mL. Parameters influencing the recoveries were investigated and optimized. The proposed method was used for the determination of E1, 17β‐E2, and DES in milk samples, and recoveries were ranged from 91.3% to 105.0%, with the relative standard deviations in the range of 2.7% to 4.0%.
Anrpackage for analysing survival using continuous‐time open capture–recapture models
Authors: Fouchet David , Santin‐Janin Hugues , Sauvage Frank , Yoccoz Nigel Gilles , Pontier Dominique 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCapture–recapture software packages have proven to be very powerful tools for analysing factors affecting survival in wild populations. However, all such packages are limited to discrete‐time protocols. Appropriate survival analysis tools are still lacking for data acquired from continuous‐time protocols.We have developed a statistical method and propose anrpackage for analysing such data based on an extension of classical survival analysis models incorporating an inhomogeneous Poisson process for modelling capture histories. First, data were simulated from a continuous‐time protocol. These data were used to (i) compare survival estimation biases of discrete‐ and continuous‐time approaches and (ii) investigate the performance and accuracy of ourrpackage for four types of covariates: factors varying between individuals (like sex), in time (like climatic factors), both in time and between individuals (like physical condition) and age (as a categorical factor). Secondly, therpackage has been applied to a real data set for survival analysis of cats in the Kerguelen archipelago (regrouping 682 cats over 20 years) as an illustrative example.Results of the simulated data analysis show that the method performs better than its discrete‐time counterpart for analysing data acquired from continuous‐time protocols. It provides unbiased parameter estimates for all parameters except those that vary both in time and between individuals – which is not surprising, since in our case, these factors were not updated in continuous time (i.e. only upon capture). When applied to the Kerguelen cat data set, the results suggest that survival is lower in juveniles than in adults and subadults, varies between study sites and increases with physical condition, and this latter effect being more important in females than in males. Sex, season, temporal linear trend in survival and theNDVIvegetation index were also tested but were not found to be significant. However, confidence intervals were too large (due to a low recapture rate) for excluding such effects. Further analyses are still needed for rigorous covariate testing in this context.In conclusion, continuous‐time approaches – such as that presented in this paper – should be preferred when data acquired from continuous‐time protocols is analysed.
Carotenemia and hepatomegaly in an atopic child on an exclusion diet for a food allergy
Authors: Gangakhedkar Arun , Somerville Rebecca , Jelleyman Timothy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEczema is a frequent childhood manifestation and a few atopic children are allergic to certain foods or aeroallergens. Anxious parents of atopic children often have a fear of topical steroid‐related side‐effects, and some may try a range of elimination diets to avoid allergies. Elimination diets increase the risk of anaphylaxis on re‐exposure to previously tolerated foods from the loss of oral tolerance. Unbalanced diets together with an inadvertent excessive consumption of fruits and vegetables may lead to carotenemia from the carotenoids in the plant foods. Carotenemia is benign but unusual diets and the consumption of preformed vitamin A in health supplements can lead to vitamin A toxicity. We discuss a child with eczema on an exclusion diet presenting with anaphylaxis to dairy food. He had carotenemia with hepatomegaly, which resolved on dietary management.
Does reduced‐port laparoscopic surgery for medically uncontrolled ulcerative colitis do more harm than good?
Authors: Homma Shigenori , Kawamata Futoshi , Shibasaki Susumu , Kawamura Hideki , Takahashi Norihiko , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionReduced‐port laparoscopic surgery is a novel minimally invasive surgery. However, reduced‐port surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC) remains controversial. Here, we describe the clinical outcomes of single‐incision plus one port laparoscopic surgery (SILS + 1) for medically uncontrolled UC.MethodsBetween May 2011 and September 2014, 10 UC patients underwent SILS + 1 port surgery. All procedures were performed with the use of a SILS port and either a 5‐mm or a 12‐mm port placed at the planned ileostomy site.ResultsThe median age of patients was 32 years (range, 22–53 years). Six patients underwent two‐stage SILS + 1 port restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis, two patients underwent SILS + 1 total proctocolectomy, and the remaining two patients underwent SILS + 1 subtotal colectomy with subsequent three‐stage SILS + 1 ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. The median operative time was 363.1 min (range, 253–465 min) and the median estimated blood loss was 29 mL (range, 0–100 mL). There were no conversions or additional ports required. Two patients previously underwent SILS + 1 subtotal colectomy, and in one of those patients, SILS + 1 ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis was performed successfully 6 months after the previous surgery. There were no intra‐abdominal adhesions, and no extra wounds were necessary because the previous stoma site had been used to access the SILS port. The median postoperative period was 24 months, during which five patients had their ileostomies closed. No patients reported occasional minor daily soiling or the need to wear a pad.ConclusionReduced‐port laparoscopic surgery for medically uncontrolled UC is a feasible and safe procedure when performed by skilled surgeons.
False Discovery Rate Estimation for Large-Scale Homogeneous Discretep-Values
Authors: Liang Kun 
Published: October 2015

SummaryLarge-scale homogeneous discrete p-values are encountered frequently in high-throughput genomics studies, and the related multiple testing problems become challenging because most existing methods for the false discovery rate (FDR) assume continuous p-values. In this article, we study the estimation of the null proportion and FDR for discrete p-values with common support. In the finite sample setting, we propose a novel class of conservative FDR estimators. Furthermore, we show that a broad class of FDR estimators is simultaneously conservative over all support points under some weak dependence condition in the asymptotic setting. We further demonstrate the significant improvement of a newly proposed method over existing methods through simulation studies and a case study.
Answering Developmental Questions Using Secondary Data
Authors: Davis‐Kean Pamela E. , Jager Justin , Maslowsky Julie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSecondary data analysis of large longitudinal and national data sets is a standard method used in many social sciences to answer complex questions regarding behavior. In this article, we detail the advantages of using these data sets to study developmental questions across the life span. First, we provide an overview of how using secondary data can increase studies' scientific integrity. Then, we detail where and how data sets can be obtained that answer specific questions. Finally, we discuss methodological issues related to using longitudinal, population data sets. These data sets can enhance science and test theories by increasing the rigor and generalizability of research to the general population, making secondary data analysis an important method to consider.
Psychosocial predictors of weight loss by race and sex
Authors: Jerome G. J. , Myers V. H. , Young D. R. , Matthews‐Ewald M. R. , Coughlin J. W. , Wingo B. C. , Ard J. D. , Champagne C. M. , Funk K. L. , Stevens V. J. , Brantley P. J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis paper examined the psychosocial predictors of weight loss among race and sex subgroups. Analyses included overweight and obese participants from the PREMIER study, a previously published randomized trial that examined the effects of two multi‐component lifestyle interventions on blood pressure among pre‐hypertensive and stage 1 hypertensive adults. Both intervention conditions received behavioural recommendations for weight loss and group sessions. Weight and psychosocial measures of self‐efficacy and social support for diet and exercise were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. There were 157 African–American (AA) women, 46 AA men, 203 non‐AA women and 182 non‐AA men with an average age of 50 years and average body mass index of 34 at baseline. Multiple predictor regression models were performed individually by race and sex subgroup. Among AA women, increases in diet self‐efficacy were associated with weight loss. Among AA men, increases in diet‐related social support and self‐efficacy, along with increases in family support to exercise, were associated with weight loss (all Ps <0.05). Among non‐AA women, increases in friends' support to exercise and exercise‐related self‐efficacy were associated with weight loss, and among non‐AA men only increases in diet self‐efficacy were associated with weight loss (all Ps <0.05). These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions based on race and sex to optimize the impact of lifestyle‐based weight loss programmes.
Contact dermatitis in patients undergoing serial intravitreal injections
Authors: Veramme Jolien , de Zaeytijd Julie , Lambert Jo , Lapeere Hilde 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundAnti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medication, injected intravitreally, is currently the standard of care in patients with different retinal pathologies. Since its introduction in 2006, an increasing number of patients have undergone this procedure in Ghent University Hospital. Strikingly, more patients were diagnosed with contact dermatitis caused by ophthalmic products used during intravitreal injection procedure.ObjectivesTo identify which of the substances used during intravitreal injection is most likely to cause contact dermatitis.Patients/materials/methodsSixteen patients who developed a burning and stinging sensation and swelling of the eyelids after intravitreal injection were tested. All patients were patch tested with the Belgian baseline series, as well as a cosmetic, a pharmaceutical and an ophthalmic series, including the different eye drops used during the intravitreal injection procedure.ResultsFourteen of 16 patients reacted to at least one of the substances used during the injection procedure. Nine patients reacted to phenylephrine (56%), 5 to iso‐Betadine® ophthalmic solution (31%), and 3 patients to sodium metabisulfite (16%).ConclusionsThe most common causal allergen was phenylephrine, being positive in 56% of patients. Patients most likely become sensitized because of the high frequency of usage of phenylephrine during repeated intravitreal injections and follow‐up consultations.
Corporate Governance Codes: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Cuomo Francesca , Mallin Christine , Zattoni Alessandro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractManuscript TypeReviewResearch Question/IssueThis study reviews previous country‐level and firm‐level studies on corporate governance codes up to 2014 in order to highlight recent trends and indicate future avenues of research.Research Findings/ResultsOur data show that research on codes increases over time consistently with the diffusion and the relevance of the empirical phenomenon. Despite previous studies substantially enriching our knowledge of the antecedents and consequences of governance codes, our study shows there are still several opportunities to make significant contributions in this area.Theoretical ImplicationsAgency theory is the dominant theoretical framework, although other theoretical perspectives (especially the institutional one) are increasingly adopted. Future studies should be aimed at widening and combining various theoretical lenses so as to develop new interpretations and a better understanding of governance codes.Practical ImplicationsLegislators and policymakers should continue to develop and update the recommendations of national governance codes in order to address the potential failures of corporate governance mechanisms in place.
Seven‐site versus three‐site method of body composition using BodyMetrix ultrasound compared to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry
Authors: Baranauskas Marissa N. , Johnson Kelly E. , Juvancic‐Heltzel Judith A. , Kappler Rachele M. , Richardson Laura , Jamieson Scott , Otterstetter Ronald 
Published: October 2015

SummaryObesity is a steadily growing epidemic affecting all segments of the population including college‐aged students. The weight gain that is evidenced amid the transitional stage of college years increases the risks associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The BodyMetrix® BX‐2000 (ULTRA) using a seven‐site method has been evaluated against dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) for estimation of body composition, which has yielded conflicting results. To date, no studies have compared the three‐site method Jackson and Pollock three‐site method to DXA.PurposeThe purpose of the study was twofold (i) to compare agreement between Jackson–Pollock seven site (JP7), Jackson–Pollock three site (JP3) and Pollock three site (P3) to predict body fat (%BF) using ULTRA and (ii) and to compare the three ULTRA methodologies against DXA.MethodsSeventy‐six healthy college‐aged subjects (ages = 22·08 ± 2·50 years) participated in this study. DXA and ULTRA body composition assessments were performed following manufacturer's instructions to estimate %BF. Paired sample t‐tests were used to assess agreement between JP7, P3 and JP3. Additionally, a two‐tailed sample t‐test was performed by sex. ULTRA and DXA results were also performed for agreement and bivariate correlation.ResultsNo significant differences between JP7 and P3, P = 0·38, were observed. In males, no significant differences were observed between JP7 and P3, P = 0·18. Significant differences were observed in all other pairs, P≤0·001 and between ULTRA and DXA.ConclusionsThe Pollock 3‐site method estimates body fat percentage with comparable accuracy to JP7 using ULTRA.
Efficacy and acceptability of very low energy diets in overweight and obese people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Rehackova L. , Arnott B. , Araujo‐Soares V. , Adamson A. A. , Taylor R. , Sniehotta F. F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsTo explore the efficacy and acceptability of very low energy diets in overweight or obese adults with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsControlled trials and qualitative studies of individuals with Type 2 diabetes that compared very low energy diets with standard care, minimal interventions, other weight loss interventions, less intensive very low energy diet interventions and very low energy diets with additional components were eligible for inclusion. Meta‐analyses of changes in weight, blood glucose levels and attrition rates were performed. Acceptability of very low energy diets was assessed by attrition rates, number and severity of side effects, and by qualitative evaluations of the interventions.ResultsFour randomized, five non‐randomized controlled trials and no qualitative studies (21 references, 9 studies, 346 participants) were identified. Meta‐analyses showed that very low energy diets induced greater weight losses than minimal interventions, standard care or low energy diets at 3 and 6 months. No conclusive evidence for differences in outcomes between very low energy diets and Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery was found. Greater differences in energy prescription between intervention and comparator arms were associated with greater differences in weight loss and fasting blood glucose levels at 3 months. Attrition rates did not differ between the very low energy diets and the comparator arms at any measurement point.ConclusionsVery low energy diets are effective in substantial weight loss among people with Type 2 diabetes. Levels of adherence to very low energy diets in controlled studies appear to be high, although details about behaviour support provided are usually poorly described.
A neurophylogenetic approach provides new insight to the evolution of Scaphopoda
Authors: Sumner‐Rooney Lauren H. , Schrödl Michael , Lodde‐Bensch Eva , Lindberg David R. , Heß Martin , Brennan Gerard P. , Sigwart Julia D. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYThe position of scaphopods in molluscan phylogeny remains singularly contentious, with several sister relationships supported by morphological and phylogenomic data: Scaphopoda + Bivalvia (Diasoma), Scaphopoda + Cephalopoda (Variopoda), and Scaphopoda + Gastropoda. Nervous system architecture has contributed significant insights to reconstructing phylogeny in the Mollusca and other invertebrate groups, but a modern neurophylogenetic approach has not been applied to molluscs, hampered by a lack of clearly defined homologous characters that can be unequivocally compared across the radical body plan disparity among the living clades. We present the first three‐dimensional reconstruction of the anterior nervous system of a scaphopod,Rhabdus rectius, using histological tomography. We also describe a new putative sensory organ, a paired and pigmented sensory mantle slit. This structure is restricted to our study species and not a general feature of scaphopods, but it forms an integral part of the description of the nervous system inR. rectius. It also highlights the potential utility of neuro‐anatomical characters for multiple levels of phylogenetic inference beyond this study. This potential has not previously been exploited for the thorny problem of molluscan phylogeny. The neuroanatomy of scaphopods demonstrates a highly derived architecture that shares a number of key characters with the cephalopod nervous system, and supports a Scaphopoda + Cephalopoda grouping.