bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular basis of differential limb growth in postnatal gray short‐tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica)
Authors: Beiriger Anastasia , Sears Karen E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhile growth has been studied extensively in invertebrates, the mechanisms by which it is controlled in vertebrates, particularly in mammals, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the cellular basis of differential limb growth in postnatal Monodelphis domestica, the gray short‐tailed opossum, to gain insights into the mechanisms regulating mammalian growth. Opossums are an ideal model for the study of growth because they are born with relatively large, well‐developed forelimbs and small hind limbs that must “catch up” to the forelimb before the animal reaches adulthood. Postnatal Days 1–17 were identified as a key period of growth for the hind limbs, during which they undergo accelerated development and nearly quadruple in length. Histology performed on fore‐ and hind limbs from this period indicates a higher rate of cellular differentiation in the long bones of the hind limbs. Immunohistochemical assays indicate that cellular proliferation is also occurring at a significantly greater rate in the long bones of the hind limb at 6 days after birth. Taken together, these results suggest that a faster rate of cellular proliferation and differentiation in the long bones of the hind limb relative to those of the forelimb generates a period of accelerated growth through which the adult limb phenotype of M. domestica is achieved. Assays for gene expression suggest that the molecular basis of this differential growth differs from that previously identified for differential pre‐natal growth in opossum fore‐ and hind limbs. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 221–229, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stakeholder Network Integrated Analysis: The Specific Case of Rural Tourism in the Portuguese Peneda‐Gerês National Park
Authors: Nogueira Sónia , Pinho José Carlos 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study addresses the structure, nature and composition of stakeholder networks related to rural tourism in a Portuguese National Park (Peneda‐Gerês National Park). In particular, it examines their interactions along the following dimensions: marketing information (marketing exchanges such as flyers, tourism information and information on specific events), administrative resources (logistic and technical support), human resources (allocation of human resources), training (training of local stakeholders in the area of promotion) and financial resources (financial support). In terms of methodology, it uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques.The analysis of the type and nature of interactions among different stakeholders within a specific rural tourism destination is the main focus of this study. Among these, the marketing information network shows both a high number of connections and high centrality indices, which may indicate that there is a significant share of information about common projects, products and services among stakeholders. In contrast, the training network evidenced the opposite behavior pattern. The study also contributes to a better understanding of how different local stakeholders are positioned in a complex structure of interactions that are critical in providing useful directions to maximize potential opportunities that may contribute to promote rural tourism and local development efficiently. Several limitations and implications are offered in the final section. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimally invasive functional approach for cholesteatoma surgery
Authors: Hanna Bassem M. , Kivekäs Ilkka , Wu Yi‐Hsuan , Guo Lee J. , Lin Huang , Guidi Jessica , Poe Dennis 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisReport the efficacy of a functional minimally invasive approach for cholesteatoma surgery.Study DesignRetrospective review of surgical cases performed between 1996 and 2008.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐nine patient charts were reviewed in which ears with primary cholesteatomas that extended beyond the mesotympanum were operated on with a plan for canal wall up (CWU) mastoidectomy. The surgical approach consisted of progressive exposure from transcanal to postauricular tympanoplasty to CWU mastoidectomy, as needed, to identify and lyse the fibrous attachments that bind the capsule to the surrounding mucosa. Endoscopic guidance was employed as appropriate to minimize exposure needs. Any planned second‐stage operations were attempted with a transcanal approach if appropriate and with endoscopic assistance.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐four ears of 169 patients were included. The median age was 32 years (range, 1–79 years). The mean follow‐up was 3.2 years (range, 1–11 years). Eighty‐three (45%) were planned for a second‐look operation, and three (2%) required unplanned second operations. The overall recurrence rate was 24/184 (13%), and the unexpected residual rate was 5/184 (3%). The residual rate with endoscopy (5/119, 4%,) or without endoscopy (1/65, 2%), were not significantly different. Hearing results in 156 ears improved significantly, from a preoperative pure‐tone average (PTA) of 41 dB to a postoperative PTA average of 29 dB (P < .0001).ConclusionsA functional minimally invasive approach to cholesteatoma surgery provided equivalent residual rates but higher recurrence rates compared to published canal wall down mastoidectomy. Endoscopic techniques were helpful in providing adequate views while minimizing exposure.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 124:2386–2392, 2014
High frequency of exon 15 deletion in the FANCA gene in Tunisian patients affected with Fanconi anemia disease: implication for diagnosis
Authors: Amouri Ahlem , Talmoudi Faten , Messaoud Olfa , d'Enghien Catherine D. , Rekaya Mariem B. , Allegui Ines , Azaiez Héla , Kefi Rym , Abdelhak Ahlem , Meseddi Sondes H. , Torjemane Lamia , Ouederni Monia , Mellouli Fethi , Abid Héla B. , Aissaoui Lamia , Bejaoui Mohamed , Othmen Tarek B. , Lyonnet Dominique S. , Soulier Jean , Hachicha Mongia , Dellagi Koussay , Abdelhak Sonia ,   Tunisian Fanconi Anemia Study Group
Published: February 2014

AbstractTunisian population is characterized by its heterogeneous ethnic background and high rate of consanguinity. In consequence, there is an increase in the frequency of recessive genetic disorders including Fanconi anemia (FA). The aim of this study was to confirm the existence of a founder haplotype among FA Tunisian patients and to identify the associated mutation in order to develop a simple tool for FA diagnosis. Seventy‐four unrelated families with a total of 95 FA patients were investigated. All available family members were genotyped with four microsatellite markers flanking FANCA gene. Haplotype analysis and homozygosity mapping assigned 83 patients belonging to 62 families to the FA‐A group. A common haplotype was shared by 42 patients from 26 families at a homozygous state while five patients from five families were heterozygous. Among them, 85% were from southern Tunisia suggesting a founder effect. Using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique, we have also demonstrated that this haplotype is associated with a total deletion of exon 15 in FANCA gene. Identification of a founder mutation allowed genetic counseling in relatives of these families, better bone marrow graft donor selection and prenatal diagnosis. This mutation should be investigated in priority for patients originating from North Africa and Middle East.
Bunte Aspekte: Häm und seine Abbauprodukte
Authors: Ohlenschläger Oliver , Schiller Alexander , Jahns Franziska , Heinemann Stefan H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEin tödlicher Hirnschlag oder ein harmloser blauer Fleck unter der Haut — in beiden Fällen sind Häm‐Moleküle und deren Spaltprodukte beteiligt. Die regulatorischen Funktionen des Häms und seiner Abbauprodukte im Organismus aufzudecken, ist das Ziel neuer Forschungen.
Chrom‐Autorisierung unter Reach für kleine und mittlere Betriebe
Authors: König Uwe 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWie können Unternehmen mit der europäischen Chemikalienregelung umgehen, damit ihre Fertigung in den nächsten Jahren gesichert ist? Eine Lösung ist, die Kommunikation und Kooperation entlang der Lieferkette zu stärken, wie dies bei der Verwendung von Chrom(VI)‐Verbindungen angestrebt wird.
Comparison of flow and batch polymerization processes for production of vinyl ether terpolymers for use in the delivery of siRNA
Authors: Nyrop Jason L. , Soheili Arash , Xiang Rong , Meng Fanyu , Waldman Jacob H. , Jia Xiujuan , Parmar Rubina Giarre , Thuronyi B W. , Williams J. Michael , DiMichele Lisa , Journet Michel , Howell Bonnie J. , Mao Bing , Davies Ian W. , Colletti Steven L. , Sepp‐Lorenzino Laura , Guidry Erin N. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSynthetic polymers represent a modifiable class of materials that can serve as adjuvants to address challenges in numerous biomedical and medicinal chemistry applications including the delivery of siRNA. Polymer‐based therapeutics offer unique challenges in both synthesis and characterization as compared to small molecule therapeutics. The ability to control the structure of the polymer is critical in creating a therapeutic. Reported herein, are batch and flow polymerization processes to produce amphiphilic terpolymers through a Lewis acid BF3OEt2‐catalyzed polymerization. These processes focus on controlling reaction variables, which affect polymer structure in this rapid, exothermic, nonliving cationic polymerization. In addition to analytical characterization of the polymers, the in vivo activity of the polymer‐siRNA conjugates is also highlighted—demonstrating that the method of synthesis does affect the in vivo activity of the resulting polymer conjugate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1119–1129
Positioning lithium ions by host–guest chemistry combined with self‐assembly using a thiophene‐based all‐conjugated amphiphilic block copolymer
Authors: Im Min Jeong , Moon Byung Joon , Lee Gang‐Young , Son Sung Yun , Park Taiho 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSelf‐assembly of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) driven by π–π stacking, combined with “Host‐Guest Chemistry” of ethylene glycol oligomer and lithium ion is demonstrated using a thiophene‐based all conjugated amphiphilic block copolymer, containing 93 mol % of P3HT and 7 mol % of poly(3‐(2‐(2‐{2‐[2‐(2‐methoxy‐ethoxy)‐ethoxy]‐ethoxy}‐ethyl))thiophene), P3EGT blocks. An ion chelating ability of ethylene glycol oligomers with lithium ions in the P3EGT block is confirmed using 1H‐NMR spectrometry. This method could allow positioning lithium ions at the interface between P3HT domains and PC61BM clusters, confirmed using XRD and photoluminescence quenching experiments. The compact lamellar P3HT domains by side repulsion driven self‐assembly of amphiphilic block copolymer and the molecular engineering of the interface with an optimized lithium contents are resulted in the improvement of photovoltaic performance in an organic solar cell (2.1–3.0%). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1068–1074
Synthesis of arborescent polystyrene‐g‐[poly(2‐vinylpyridine)‐b‐polystyrene] core–shell–corona copolymers
Authors: Dockendorff Jason , Gauthier Mario 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTArborescent copolymers with a core‐shell‐corona (CSC) architecture, incorporating a polystyrene (PS) core, an inner shell of poly(2‐vinylpyridine), P2VP, and a corona of PS chains, were obtained by anionic polymerization and grafting. Living PS‐b‐P2VP‐Li block copolymers serving as side chains were obtained by capping polystyryllithium with 1,1‐diphenylethylene before adding 2‐vinylpyridine. A linear or arborescent (generation G0 – G3) PS substrate, randomly functionalized with acetyl or chloromethyl coupling sites, was then added to the PS‐b‐P2VP‐Li solution for the grafting reaction. The grafting yield and the coupling efficiency observed in the synthesis of the arborescent PS‐g‐(P2VP‐b‐PS) copolymers were much lower than for analogous coupling reactions previously used to synthesize arborescent PS homopolymers and PS‐g‐P2VP copolymers from the same types of coupling sites. It was determined from static and dynamic light scattering analysis that PS‐b‐P2VP formed aggregates in THF, the solvent used for the synthesis. This presumably hindered coupling of the macroanions with the substrate, and explains the low grafting yield and coupling efficiency observed in these reactions. Purification of the crude products was also problematic due to the amphipolar character of the CSC copolymers and the block copolymer contaminant. A new fractionation method by cloud‐point centrifugation was developed to purify copolymers of generations G1 and above. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1075–1085
Structure of Urethane Copolymers of 3,3‐Bis(azidomethyl)oxetane and 3‐Azidomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane
Authors: Petrov Vladimir A. , Kuznetsova Nina V. , Muhametshin Timur I. , Gubaydullin Aydar T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPolyurethane copolymers of 3,3‐bis (azidomethyl) oxetane (BAMO) and 3‐azidomethyl‐3‐methyloxetane (AMMO) with molecular structures of types B(AB)n, A(AB)n, (BB)n and ABn with different ratios of oligomeric units were investigated, where A is the non‐crystallizable “soft” block of oligoAMMO and B is the “hard” block of oligoBAMO and the included urethane diol fragments. The amorphous‐crystalline structures of copolymers BAMO and AMMO were elucidated by wide angle X‐ray diffraction measurements. The influences of the molecular structure and the ratio of oligomeric units on the structural parameters were identified. The degree of crystallinity is in a range from 8 to 22 % and sizes of the crystallites were determined. The defectivenesses of first and second kind in the structure were evaluated, which show high values of the first kind defectiveness (approx. 20 %), which describes the displacement of theoretical lattice sites and the existence of unequal sizes of the lattice sites, and minor values for the second kind defectiveness (approx. 3 %), which describes the lattice site disorder in large distances. Small‐angle X‐ray diffraction measurements were used to investigate the domain structures of copolymers BAMO and AMMO. The distribution and sizes of the crystallites in the structures of the copolymers were calculated.
Anthropogenic versus climatic control in a high-resolution 1500-year chironomid stratigraphy from a southwestern Greenland lake
Authors: Millet Laurent , Massa Charly , Bichet Vincent , Frossard Victor , Belle Simon , Gauthier Emilie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe performed a high-resolution study of chironomid assemblages in a sediment core retrieved from Lake Igaliku in southern Greenland. The well-dated core is located within the former Norse Eastern Settlement and covered the last 1500 yr. The comparison of chironomid stratigraphy (PCA axis scores) with instrumental temperature data, land use history and organic matter in the sediment over the last 140 yr suggested that the primary changes in chironomid fauna in 1988 ± 2 yr were driven by the shift to modern agriculture in the catchment. This unprecedented change in chironomid fauna was most likely triggered by a shift in in-lake processes. Within the instrumental period, subtle variations in the chironomid assemblages that occurred before 1988 ± 2 yr were significantly correlated with summer temperatures even in times of traditional extensive sheep farming in the catchment. The relevance of the chironomid-derived climate signal over the last 1500 yr was supported by its good concordance with previous studies in west Greenland and in the Arctic. The chironomid assemblage therefore appeared to be a valuable proxy for climate changes within the Norse colony area. Synchronous changes in Norse diet and chironomid-reconstructed climate give new insights into the interplay of Norse society with climate.
Global linear stability analysis of the wake and path of buoyancy-driven disks and thin cylinders
Authors: Tchoufag Joël , Fabre David , Magnaudet Jacques 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe stability of the vertical path of a gravity- or buoyancy-driven disk of arbitrary thickness falling or rising in a viscous fluid, recently studied through direct numerical simulation by Auguste, Magnaudet & Fabre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 719, 2013, pp. 388–405), is investigated numerically in the framework of global linear stability. The disk is allowed to translate and rotate arbitrarily and the stability analysis is carried out on the fully coupled system obtained by linearizing the Navier–Stokes equations for the fluid and Newton’s equations for the body. Three disks with different diameter-to-thickness ratios are considered: one is assumed to be infinitely thin, the other two are selected as archetypes of thin and thick cylindrical bodies, respectively. The analysis spans the whole range of body-to-fluid inertia ratios and considers Reynolds numbers (based on the fall/rise velocity and body diameter) up to $350$. It reveals that four unstable modes with an azimuthal wavenumber $m=\pm 1$ exist in each case. Three of these modes result from a Hopf bifurcation while the fourth is associated with a stationary bifurcation. Varying the body-to-fluid inertia ratio yields rich and complex stability diagrams with several branch crossings resulting in frequency jumps; destabilization/restabilization sequences are also found to take place in some subdomains. The spatial structure of the unstable modes is also examined. Analyzing differences between their real and imaginary parts (which virtually correspond to two different instants of time in the dynamics of a given mode) allows us to assess qualitatively the strength of the mutual coupling between the body and fluid. Qualitative and quantitative differences between present predictions and known results for wake instability past a fixed disk enlighten the fact that the first non-vertical regimes generally result from an intrinsic coupling between the body and fluid and not merely from the instability of the sole wake.
The Zakharov equation with separate mean flow and mean surface
Authors: Gramstad Odin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUsing the Hamiltonian approach of Krasitskii (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 272, 1994, pp. 1–20), we derive a variant of the Zakharov equation in which the wave-induced mean surface elevation and the surface potential of the wave-induced mean flow are represented as separate variables governed by separate evolution equations. The kernel function of this new variant is simpler, and in particular also well defined in the uniform-wave-train limit for waves on finite depth. This form of the Zakharov equation may be advantageous in some applications. One example is the derivation of nonlinear Schrödinger equations in the narrow-band limit, where the handling of the mean flow and mean surface is significantly simpler than when starting from the original Zakharov equation. In this paper we have used the alternative form of the Zakharov equation to derive a Hamiltonian nonlinear Schrödinger equation for directional waves on arbitrary depth, valid to one order higher in bandwidth than the Hamiltonian equation recently presented by Craig, Guyenne and Sulem (Wave Motion, vol. 47, 2010, pp. 552–563).
VLBI Constraints on Type I b/c Supernovae
Authors: Bietenholz Michael F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractVery long baseline interferometry observations of supernovae and gamma-ray bursts provide almost the only way of obtaining spatially resolved information about the sources. In particular, a determination of the expansion velocity of the forward shock, as well as the geometry of the fireball and its evolution with time are possible for relatively nearby events, provided they are radio bright. Monitoring the expansion of the shock front can provide information on the density profiles of both the circumstellar material and on the ejecta. Very long baseline interferometry observations can also potentially resolve gamma-ray burst jets which are not directed along the line of sight, providing crucial confirmation of relativistic expansion in such objects. This review gives an overview of recent results from supernovae, including the Type I b/c SNe 2011dh, 2009bb, and 2007gr, and discusses the prospects for future observations.
Exploring the spatial variation in the fertilizer-nitrogen requirement of wheat within fields
Authors: KINDRED D. R. , MILNE A. E. , WEBSTER R. , MARCHANT B. P. , SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThe fertilizer-nitrogen (N) requirement for wheat grown in the UK varies from field to field. Differences in the soil type, climate and cropping history result in differences in (i) the crops’ demands for N, (ii) the supply of N from the soil (SNS) and (iii) the recovery of the fertilizer by the crops. These three components generally form the basis of systems for N recommendation. Three field experiments were set out to investigate the variation of the N requirement for wheat within fields and to explore the importance of variation in the crops’ demands for N, SNS and fertilizer recovery in explaining the differences in the economic optima for N. The N optima were found to vary by >100 kg N/ha at two of the sites. At the other site, the yield response to N was small. Yields at the optimum rate of N varied spatially by c. 4 t/ha at each site. Soil N supply, which was estimated by the unfertilized crops’ harvested N, varied spatially by 120, 75 and 60 kg/ha in the three experiments. Fertilizer recovery varied spatially from 30% to >100% at each of the sites. There were clear relationships between the SNS and the N optima at all the three sites. The expected relationship between the crop's demand for N and N optima was evident at only one of the three sites. There was no consistent relationship between the N recovery and the N optima. A consistent relationship emerged, however, between the optimal yield and SNS; areas with a greater yield potential tending to also supply more N from the soil. This moderated the expected effect of the SNS and the crop's demand for N on the N optima.
Architecture and the Swedish welfare state: three architectural competitions that innovated space for dependent and frail older people
Authors: ANDERSSON JONAS E. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn 2012, three architectural competitions were held as part of the strategic programme ‘Living Well, Growing Old’, launched by the Swedish government in 2010. The intention was to use the innovative quality of the architectural competition in order to conceive future-oriented built environments for the ageing Swedish society. In Sweden, several architectural competitions with a focus on space for dependent and frail older people have been organised over the past century. Architectural design has been incorporated into reforms for social care of older people. This study focuses on the relationship between architecture and socio-political visions in three architectural competitions, realised in 1907, 1948 and 1979. The study demonstrates that architectural competitions within this field are more than a list of functional and spatial requirements for architects to respect. Instead, they are socio-political statements that define spatial frameworks within an ideological view on how ethically to provide care for dependent and frail older people in a welfare regime.