bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calprotectin (S100A8/9) as serum biomarker for clinical response in proof-of-concept trials in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis
Authors: Turina Maureen C , Yeremenko Nataliya , Paramarta Jacqueline E , De Rycke Leen , Baeten Dominique 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Biomarkers complementing clinical evaluations may help to reduce the length and size of proof-of-concept (PoC) trials aimed to obtain quick "go/no go" decisions in the clinical development of new treatments. We aimed to identify and validate serum biomarkers with a high sensitivity to change upon effective treatment in spondyloarthritis (SpA) PoC trials.

Methods
The candidate biomarkers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha-2-MG), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), calprotectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in healthy controls (n = 20) and SpA patients before and after 2 weeks of infliximab (n = 18) or placebo (n = 19) treatment in cohort 1. Clinical outcome was evaluated at week 12. Results were validated in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with infliximab (cohort 2, n = 21) and peripheral SpA with etanercept (cohort 3, n = 20).

Results
Serum levels of calprotectin, hs-CRP, PTX-3, VEGF (all P?<?0.001) and MMP-3 (P = 0.062), but not IL-6 and alpha-2-MG, were increased in SpA versus healthy controls. Treatment with infliximab, but not placebo, significantly decreased calprotectin (P?<?0.001) and hs-CRP (P?<?0.001) levels, with a similar trend for MMP-3 (P = 0.063). The standardized response mean (SRM), which reflects the ability to detect changes over time, was high for calprotectin (?1.26), good for hs-CRP (?0.96) and moderate for MMP-3 (?0.52). Calprotectin and hs-CRP, but not MMP-3, were good biomarkers for treatment response in axial and peripheral SpA as evaluated and confirmed in cohort 2 and 3 respectively.

Conclusions
Calprotectin and hs-CRP are good serum biomarkers with high sensitivity to change upon effective treatment at the group level in small-scale, short term PoC trials in SpA.
Electrical conductivity, induced polarization, and permeability of the Fontainebleau sandstone
Authors: Revil André , Kessouri Pauline , Torres-Verdín Carlos 
Published: August 2014

The electrical conductivity of clay-free sandstones is customarily assumed to have negligible surface conductivity contribution. The Fontainebleau sandstone, a clean sandstone with relatively coarse ([Formula: see text]) and well-rounded silica grains and silica cement, exhibits surface conductivity along the electrical double layer coating the surface of the grains. A recently developed volume-averaging model for the electrical conductivity was used to determine intrinsic formation factor and surface conductivity from electrical conductivity measurements performed at seven salinities with NaCl solutions. The bulk tortuosity of the pore space influenced the surface conductivity in a predictable way. Formation factor and permeability can be determined as a function of the porosity using the equations developed by Archie for the formation factor, and Revil and Cathles for the permeability. In both the cases, the data emphasize the existence of a percolation threshold of about 0.02 (2%) in porosity. Once corrected for the effect of this percolation threshold, the porosity exponent of Archie’s equation was approximately equal to 1.5 as predicted from the differential effective medium theory for a pack of spherical grains suspended in an electrolyte. We illustrated that permeability can be predicted, within one order of magnitude, from surface conductivity, porosity, and formation factor. Spectral-induced polarization data indicated that the in-phase conductivity was nearly frequency-independent (in the frequency range from 1 to 10 kHz) whereas the quadrature conductivity displayed a relationship between the surface conductivity and a peak frequency likely related to the pore throat size determined from mercury porosimetry measurements.
Designated Driver Service Availability and Its Effects on Drunk Driving Behaviors
Authors: Chung Jinhwa , Joo Hailey Hayeon , Moon Seongman 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Designated driver service in Korea offers a convenient and affordable solution for drunk drivers to reach their destinations with their own vehicles. We investigate the influence of this service availability on drunk driving behaviors, using Korean panel data from 1998 to 2011. We find that an increase in designated driver firms significantly reduces both alcohol-involved and total traffic fatality rates, while the effects of well-known deterrence policies are weak. This result is further supported by a counterfactual analysis which compares the effect of the service on traffic fatality rates in daytime to those in nighttime when the rate of the service use is substantially higher.
Emerging ELF as an intercultural resource: language attitudes and ideologies
Authors: Soler-Carbonell Josep 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the possibility of English becoming a lingua franca in Estonia. It builds on Laitin's (1996) observations regarding the fact that English would become the country's language of inter-group communication among Estonian and Russian speakers. By providing ethnographically collected data and discussing it from the paradigm of language ideologies, the present article clarifies some of Laitin's original observations. While it appears that English has not become a lingua franca in Estonia, this possibility works in given circumstances, even if just sporadically, in order to help solving possible communicative obstacles. It is therefore argued that ELF is actually an extra resource, a tool that speakers can make use of if needed.
DUE FRAMMENTI DI PARODIA FILOSOFICO-RELIGIOSA: I FRR. 582a–b E 583 B DELLE MENIPPEE DI VARRONE
Authors: Rolle Alessandra 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This essay analyzes two Menippean fragments, quotations of Varro by Seneca and Tertullian respectively (frr. 583 and 582 a-b B., original text incertae sedis). The first of these describes the image of the Stoic god satirically as “round, without head, without prepuce.” This can be read as a caustic rebuttal of the main attributes of the god, such as are presented in fr. 583 B., there considered the rational origin of the whole. The latter fragment, fr. 582 a-b B. mentions a multitude of Ioves without heads and can be interpreted as an ironic reference to the Stoic view of the deity: the Stoic god is at the same time singular and multiple because it is the sole source of generation of the whole. The allusion to the acephalous character of the deities in both fragments suggests an attribution of the passages to the same, lost satire, where a discussion about the nature of the gods took place. In particular, the comparison with some passages of Cicero’s De Natura Deorum permits the identification of the speaker with an Epicurean philosopher who opposes the Stoic conception of the divine.
HENRICH HUDEMANN (ca. 1595–1628) – HOLSTEINS HORAZ
Authors: Haye Thomas 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The poet Henrich Hudemann (c. 1595 - 1628) from Holstein achieved lasting fame through his innovative contributions to German poetry of the Early Baroque period. They have earned him a place in the manuals of literary history, where his work is considered an important stage in the emergence of a refined vernacular poetry. However, like many of his contemporaries, Hudemann also left an oeuvre of sophisticated Latin poems, inspired mainly by Horace’s lyric poetry.
The present paper investigates Hudemann’s artistic as well as his more practical aims. By using the poetic forms of classical antiquity for the expression of his religious beliefs, Hudemann created a remarkable specimen of Christian humanism through which he hoped to gain access to the leading intellectual figures of Europe, especially Daniel Heinsius.
Des promotions-prix sur des produits équitables en GMS : comment réagissent les consommateurs ?
Authors: de Ferran Florence , Labbé-Pinlon Blandine , Lombart Cindy , Louis Didier 
Published: August 2014

Les promotions-prix sont-elles pertinentes pour promouvoir les produits équitables dont le prix est censé garantir une juste rémunération aux petits producteurs ? Qu’en est-il du point de vue des consommateurs déjà sensibilisés au commerce équitable, mais qui n’achètent pas, ou qu’occasionnellement, ces produits ? Une étude qualitative exploratoire montre tout d’abord que ces consommateurs perçoivent a priori une certaine antinomie entre les promotions-prix et les produits équitables qu’ils appréhendent comme des produits différents des produits conventionnels, même s’ils reconnaissent paradoxalement que les promotions-prix pourraient favoriser l’achat de ces produits. Une expérimentation menée par la suite en magasin laboratoire révèle alors que les consommateurs, déjà sensibilisés au commerce équitable, non-acheteurs ou acheteurs occasionnels de produits équitables, réagissent autrement en situation d’achat. Ils portent attention à ces promotions et certains en profitent pour acheter des produits équitables en raison de la promotion mais aussi pour aider les petits producteurs. Les poids relatifs de ces deux motivations d’achat dépendent alors de l’intensité de la promotion et du profil des consommateurs.
Assessment Lumboperitoneal or Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Patency by Radionuclide Technique: A Review Experience Cases
Authors: Chiewvit Sunanta , Nuntaaree Sarun , Kanchaanapiboon Potjanee , Chiewvit Pipat 
Published: August 2014

Hydrocephalus-related symptoms that worsen after shunt placement may indicate a malfunctioning or obstructed shunt. The assessment of shunt patency and site of obstruction is important for planning of treatment. The radionuclide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt study provides a simple, effective, and low-radiation-dose method of assessing CSF shunt patency. The radionuclide CSF shuntography is a useful tool in the management of patients presenting with shunt-related problems not elucidated by conventional radiological examination. This article described the imaging technique of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and lumbar puncture (LP) shunt. The normal finding, abnormal finding of completed obstruction and partial obstruction is present by our cases experience. The radiopharmaceutical (Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) was injected via the reservoir for VP shunt and via lumbar puncture needle in subarachnoid space for LP shunt, then serial image in the head and abdominal area.The normal function of VP and LP shunt usually rapid spillage of the radioactivity in the abdominal cavity diffusely. The patent proximal tube VP shunt demonstrates ventricular reflux. The early image of patent LP shunt reveals no activity in the ventricular system contrast to distal LP shunt reveals early reflux of activity in the ventricular system. The completed distal VP and LP shunt obstruction show absence of tracer in the peritoneal area or markedly delayed appearance of abdominal activity. The partial distal VP and LP shunt obstruction recognized by slow transit or accumulation of tracer at the distal end or focal tracer in the peritoneal cavity near the tip of distal shunt. The images of the normal and abnormal CSF shunt as describe before are present in the full paper. Radionuclide CSF shuntography is a reliable and simple procedure for assessment shunt patency.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA DE UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA MARIA DE JETIBÁ, ES
Authors: Imaña-Encinas José , Conceição Cláudio de Almeida , Santana Otacílio Antunes , Imaña Christian Rainier , Paula José Elias de 
Published: August 2014

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a distribuição diamétrica de um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica localizado na Reserva Biológica Sítio Palmares, Espírito Santo. Em 2.400 m2, foram medidas todas as árvores e palmeiras com DAP igual ou superior a 5 cm. Foram encontrados 1.364 indivíduos extrapolados para hectare, distribuídos em 70 espécies e 33 famílias. O total da população observada apresentou um DAP médio de 14,82 cm e área basal de 41,12 m2.ha-1. Para o total da população observada, foram formadas 13 classes diamétricas, com intervalo de5 cm entre as classes. O ajuste da equação de Meyer mostrou para essa população a tendência da curva do J-invertido. As três primeiras classes diamétricas, de5 a20 cm, concentraram 79% da densidade populacional. Oito espécies apresentaram uma densidade populacional com mais de 40 indivíduos por hectare. Esses indivíduos ficaram concentrados até a classe diamétrica de 40 cm. A análise estatística mostrou que as curvas de tendências da distribuição diamétrica dessas espécies ficaram distribuídas entre a normal, a exponencial negativa e a bimodal. AbstractDiameter distribution of an Atlantic Forest fragment at Santa Maria de Jetibá county, ES. This research aims to analyse the diametric distribution of an Atlantic Forest fragment at Reserva Biológica Sítio Palmares, state of Espírito Santo. In 2,400 m2 all trees and palms with DBH over 5 cm were measured. It identified 1364 individuals distributed into 70 species and 33 families. The community population had a DBH average of 14.82 cm and a basal area of 41.12 m2.ha-1. For the total population, the DBH distribution into 5 cm intervals formed 13 classes. The adjusted Meyer’s equation reveals for this population a tendency to a J-inverse curve. The first three diameter classes from 5 to20 cm concentrated 79% of the total population. Eight species had a population density with more than 40 trees per hectare. These trees were concentrated until the 40 cm distribution classes. The statistical analysis of the distributions curves reveals that these populations were distributed between the normal, j-inverse and bi-modal curves.Keywords: Floristic survey; diametric classes; forest mensuration.
ALTERNATIVAS DE PLANEJAMENTO PARA A EXPLORAÇÃO FLORESTAL
Authors: Fernandes Ana Paula Donicht , Guimarães Pompeu Paes , Braz Evaldo Munõz , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Arce Julio Eduardo 
Published: August 2014

No manejo sustentado em florestas tropicais, há necessidade da garantia de um fluxo constante de recursos para a sua viabilidade. No entanto, isso nem sempre é possível, pelo fato de a exploração ser realizada sem planejamento. Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar um método que auxilie no planejamento e na distribuição de recursos disponíveis, através da formulação de cenários para otimização do número de equipes para cada atividade da exploração dependente do tempo limite para conclusão dos trabalhos. Com base no tempo que uma equipe leva para executar determinada atividade e no seu sequenciamento, foram utilizadas técnicas da pesquisa operacional, para determinação do caminho crítico da cadeia de exploração de madeira nativa. Esses métodos, ao mesmo tempo em que organizam o sequenciamento das atividades e determinam quais delas devem receber maior atenção no planejamento, otimizam o número de equipes, para que toda a cadeia seja executada dentro de um tempo limite, o que se faz necessário na região, para que o ciclo de corte se limite à época de seca. O método proposto mostra-se como uma alternativa para o planejamento florestal das atividades de baixo impacto ao garantir o número ótimo de equipes e a realização de todo empreendimento no tempo estipulado. AbstractPlanning alternatives for forestry exploitation. It is necessary to ensure a steady flow of funds for feasibility of sustainable management in tropical forests. However, this is not always possible, due to often not planned forest exploitation. This research aims to present a method that assists planning and distribution of resources, by scenarios formulating, in order to optimize the number of teams for each exploitation activity under time limit to its conclusion. Based on time that a team uses to perform a certain activity and its sequence, it used operations research techniques, such as linear programming and PERT/CPM, in order to determine the critical path of the exploitation chain of native wood. These methods, arranging the sequence of activities and determining which ones should receive more attention in planning, optimize the number of teams in order to perform the chain within a time limit, which is necessary for the region, once the cutting cycle should be limited to the dry season. As result, the proposed method proves to be a good alternative for forest planning of low impact activities ensuring the optimal number of teams and performing the entire project in stipulated time.Keywords: Forest low impact exploitation; math programming; PERT/CPM.
Europese financiële toezichthouders als toonbeeld van evidence-based wetgeven in de EU?
Authors: van Golen T.J.A. 
Published: August 2014

Samenvatting:
Na de kredietcrisis uit 2008 werden op Europees niveau nieuwe toezichthouders ingesteld die de supervisie over de financiële markten in betere banen moesten leiden. Zoals veel nieuwe regelgeving op Europees niveau ging er ook aan de oprichting een impact assessment vooraf waarbij verschillende beleidsopties vergeleken werden. Niettemin blijkt dat er nog allerlei problemen spelen bij de nieuwe toezichthouders waardoor de vraag opkomt hoe het staat met het evidence-based gehalte van deze politiek gevoelige financiële regelgeving. In deze bijdrage wordt gekeken naar de aanloop naar de wetgeving omtrent de toezichthouders en de evaluatie hiervan door de Europese Commissie en het Europees Parlement. Onduidelijk blijft waarom bepaalde beleidsopties beter worden beoordeeld dan andere mogelijkheden. Het verbeteren van het proces van ex ante en ex post evaluatie zou dan ook een belangrijke bijdrage aan het proces van evidence-based wetgeven kunnen bieden.
A new selection metric for multiobjective hydrologic model calibration
Authors: Asadzadeh Masoud , Tolson Bryan A. , Burn Donald H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel selection metric called Convex Hull Contribution (CHC) is introduced for solving multiobjective (MO) optimization problems with Pareto fronts that can be accurately approximated by a convex curve. The hydrologic model calibration literature shows that many biobjective calibration problems with a proper setup result in such Pareto fronts. The CHC selection approach identifies a subset of archived nondominated solutions whose map in the objective space forms convex approximation of the Pareto front. The optimization algorithm can sample solely from these solutions to more accurately approximate the convex shape of the Pareto front. It is empirically demonstrated that CHC improves the performance of Pareto Archived Dynamically Dimensioned Search (PA‐DDS) when solving MO problems with convex Pareto fronts. This conclusion is based on the results of several benchmark mathematical problems and several hydrologic model calibration problems with two or three objective functions. The impact of CHC on PA‐DDS performance is most evident when the computational budget is somewhat limited. It is also demonstrated that 1,000 solution evaluations (limited budget in this study) is sufficient for PA‐DDS with CHC‐based selection to achieve very high quality calibration results relative to the results achieved after 10,000 solution evaluations.
Global distribution of atomic oxygen in the mesopause region as derived from SCIAMACHY O(1S) green line measurements
Authors: Kaufmann M. , Zhu Y. , Ern M. , Riese M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new data set of atomic oxygen abundance in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere is presented. The data are derived from the nighttime atomic oxygen green line limb emission measurements of the SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) instrument on the European Environmental Satellite. The temporal coverage is October 2002 until April 2012, and the latitudinal extent is 50°S to 80°N at 10 P.M. local time. This data set is compared to other satellite data sets, in particular to recently published data of SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) and the Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter model. SCIAMACHY atomic oxygen peak abundances are typically 3–6×1011 mol/cm3 at the atomic oxygen maximum region, depending on latitude and season. These values are similar to previous values based on chemiluminescence measurements of the atomic oxygen three‐body recombination reaction but at least 30% lower than atomic oxygen abundances obtained from SABER.
Low‐Temperature Micro‐Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Partially Amorphous La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‐δ Cathodes
Authors: Evans Anna , Martynczuk Julia , Stender Dieter , Schneider Christof W. , Lippert Thomas , Prestat Michel 
Published: August 2014

Partially amorphous La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‐δ (LSC) thin‐film cathodes are fabricated using pulsed laser deposition and are integrated in free‐standing micro‐solid oxide fuel cells (micro‐SOFC) with a 3YSZ electrolyte and a Pt anode. A low degree of crystallinity of the LSC layers is achieved by taking advantage of the miniaturization of the cells, which permits low‐temperature operation (300–450 °C). Thermomechanically stable micro‐SOFC are obtained with strongly buckled electrolyte membranes. The nanoporous columnar microstructure of the LSC layers provides a large surface area for oxygen incorporation and is also believed to reduce the amount of stress at the cathode/electrolyte interface. With a high rate of failure‐free micro‐SOFC membranes, it is possible to avoid gas cross‐over and open‐circuit voltages of 1.06 V are attained. First power densities as high as 200–262 mW cm−2 at 400–450 °C are achieved. The area‐specific resistance of the oxygen reduction reaction is lower than 0.3 Ω cm2 at 400 °C around the peak power density. These outstanding findings demonstrate that partially amorphous oxides are promising electrode candidates for the next‐generation of solid oxide fuel cells working at low‐temperatures.
Thin Film Co3O4/TiO2 Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Kupfer Benjamin , Majhi Koushik , Keller David A. , Bouhadana Yaniv , Rühle Sven , Barad Hannah Noa , Anderson Assaf Y. , Zaban Arie 
Published: August 2014

Co3O4 is investigated as a light absorber for all‐oxide thin‐film photovoltaic cells because of its nearly ideal optical bandgap of around 1.5 eV. Thin film TiO2/Co3O4 heterojunctions are produced by spray pyrolysis of TiO2 as a window layer, followed by pulsed laser deposition of Co3O4 as a light absorbing layer. The photovoltaic performance is investigated as a function of the Co3O4 deposition temperature and a direct correlation is found. The deposition temperature seems to affect both the crystallinity and the morphology of the absorber, which affects device performance. A maximum power of 22.7 μW cm−2 is obtained at the highest deposition temperature (600 °C) with an open circuit photovoltage of 430 mV and a short circuit photocurrent density of 0.2 mA cm−2. Performing deposition at 600 °C instead of room temperature improves power by an order of magnitude and reduces the tail states (Urbach edge energy). These phenomena can be explained by larger grains that grows at high temperature, as opposed to many nucleation events that occur at lower temperature.