bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An event-triggered background-oriented schlieren technique combined with dynamic projection using dynamic mirror device
Authors: Lyu Zhen , Cai Weiwei , Liu Yingzheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper reports a high-frequency event-triggered background-oriented schlieren (BOS) technique using a combination of an event-triggered camera and dynamic projection. To combine the advantages of continuous and pulsed illumination for the event-triggered camera, a novel background pattern is first developed to incorporate static and dynamic textures generated through projection utilizing a dynamic mirror device. Then, a specific post-processing algorithm is proposed to reconstruct frames with high time accuracy from event data. This technique allows for the continuous observation and capturing of flows at 4000 frames per second (FPS) with a very low cost, breaking through the short operating times of current high-frame-rate BOS. Moreover, the proposed BOS technique can visualize the flow in real-time with high temporal accuracy, a capability that is challenging to achieve with traditional BOS. To examine the proposed technique, BOS experiments were conducted on a sweeping jet actuator with various inlet pressure. The sweeping dynamics and the start-up process of the sweeping jet at various inlet pressure were visualized and investigated. It is found that the proposed event-triggered BOS can continuously visualize and record the jet flow at a resolution of 1280 × 720 pixels with an equivalent frame rate of up to 4000 FPS. The oscillation frequency of the sweeping jet was found to increase linearly with increasing inlet pressure. It reaches 117.2 Hz at an inlet pressure of 0.5 Mpa. Within the first 10 ms or so of start-up, the shape of the sweep was found to be symmetrical. Within the next 100 ms, the jet commences to sweep and saturates. The start-up time of the sweeping jet was quantitatively measured and was observed to decrease with increased inlet pressures.
Full-scale testing and multiphysics modeling of a reinforced shot-earth concrete vault with self-sensing properties
Authors: D’Alessandro Antonella , Meoni Andrea , Romero Rubén Rodríguez , García-Macías Enrique , Viviani Marco , Ubertini Filippo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Civil constructions significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and entail extensive energy and resource consumption, leading to a substantial ecological footprint. Research into eco-friendly engineering solutions is therefore currently imperative, particularly to mitigate the impact of concrete technology. Among potential alternatives, shot-earth-concrete, which combines cement and earth as a binder matrix and is applied via spraying, emerges as a promising option. Furthermore, this composite material allows for the incorporation of nano and micro-fillers, thereby providing room for enhancing mechanical properties and providing multifunctional capabilities. This paper investigates the damage detection capabilities of a novel smart shot-earth concrete with carbon microfibers, by investigating the strain sensing performance of a full-scale vault with a span of 4 m, mechanically tested until failure. The material’s strain and damage sensing capabilities involve its capacity to produce an electrical response (manifested as a relative change in resistance) corresponding to the applied strain in its uncracked state, as well as to exhibit a significant alteration in electrical resistance upon cracking. A detailed multiphysics numerical (i.e. mechanical and electrical) model is also developed to aid the interpretation of the experimental results. The experimental test was conducted by the application of an increasing vertical load at a quarter of the span, while modelling of the element was carried out by considering a piezoresistive material, with coupled mechanical and electrical constitutive properties, including a new law to reproduce the degradation of the electrical conductivity with tensile cracking. Another notable aspect of the simulation was the consideration of the effects of the electrical conduction through the rebars, which was found critical to accurately reproduce the full-scale electromechanical response of the vault. By correlating the outcomes from external displacement transducers with the self-monitoring features inherent in the proposed material, significant insights were gleaned. The findings indicated that the proposed smart-earth composite, besides being well suited for structural applications, also exhibits a distinctive electromechanical behavior that enables the early detection of damage initiation. The results of the paper represent an important step toward the real application of smart earth-concrete in the construction field, demonstrating the effectiveness and feasibility of full-scale strain and damage monitoring even in the presence of steel reinforcement.
Recent advances of doping strategy for boosting the electrocatalytic performance of two-dimensional noble metal nanosheets
Authors: Wei Zebin , Shen Yongqing , Wang Xudong , Song Yanhui , Guo Junjie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Benefiting from the ultrahigh specific surface areas, massive exposed surface atoms, and highly tunable microstructures, the two-dimensional (2D) noble metal nanosheets (NSs) have presented promising performance for various electrocatalytic reactions. Nevertheless, the heteroatom doping strategy, and in particular, the electronic structure tuning mechanisms of the 2D noble metal catalysts (NMCs) yet remain ambiguous. Herein, we first review several effective strategies for modulating the electrocatalytic performance of 2D NMCs. Then, the electronic tuning effect of hetero-dopants for boosting the electrocatalytic properties of 2D NMCs is systematically discussed. Finally, we put forward current challenges in the field of 2D NMCs, and propose possible solutions, particularly from the perspective of the evolution of electron microscopy. This review attempts to establish an intrinsic correlation between the electronic structures and the catalytic properties, so as to provide a guideline for designing high-performance electrocatalysts.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotag of tunable ZIF-8 shell-encapsulated magnetic core-plasmonic satellites for disentangling chemical enhancement from electromagnetic enhancement
Authors: Chen Hao , Wu ZhaoGuo , Zhao AiWu , Wang Jin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To enhance the stability of Raman reporters, these reporters were trapped in a metal organic framework (MOF) exoskeleton that was grown and compressed on Fe3O4@Au core–satellites, producing recyclable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags. Furthermore, encapsulation of Raman reporters in the assembled MOF-based nanocomposites was divided into two types of patterns, pre-enrichment and post-enrichment, in order to disentangle chemical enhancement of charge transfer (CT) from electromagnetic enhancement (EM) in SERS. Hence, to demonstrate the effect of encapsulation, a typical non-thiolated Raman reporter, for example crystal violet (CV) trapped in a core–satellite nanoassembly-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) shell, was selected. The results suggest that stability and Raman intensity are remarkably improved. Moreover, the pattern of incorporation of CV into the ZIF-8 shell with tunable shell thickness can contribute to the disentangling of CT effects from EM effects.
Research of single-event burnout in vertical Ga2O3 FinFET by low carrier lifetime control
Authors: Bao Yun-can , Yu Cheng-hao , Zhao Wen-sheng , Wu Xiao-dong , Tan Xin , Yang Hui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the 2D simulations of single-event burnout (SEB) in vertical enhancement-mode gallium oxide (Ga2O3) fin-shaped channels field-effect transistor (FinFET) by low carrier lifetime control (LCLC) method. The correctness of the structure parameters and simulated physical models are verified by the basic electrical characteristics in experiments. The SEB simulations show that the most sensitive region to heavy ion is the narrow channel region. The SEB failure is due to the diffusion of a large number of electron–hole pairs induced by heavy ion into a strong electric field region, resulting in a large transient current density to cause the thermal failure. Afterwards, the influences of the narrow channel region width on basic characteristics and SEB performance are discussed. Then, the SEB hardening mechanism of LCLC is studied that the electric field peak in the top of the structure can be effectively reduced, and the transient current caused by second avalanche is restrained. In addition, the basic characteristics with LCLC are proved to be hardly influenced in Ga2O3 FinFET. Finally, the carrier lifetime value and local control region are studied that the SEB hardening performance can be significantly improved by a large enough control area with a low carrier lifetime.
Soft lenses with large focal length tuning range based on stacked PVC gel actuators
Authors: Zhang Chi , Qin Jianguo , Gao Yuan , Cao Leilei , Liu Xuejing , Zhu Zicai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A novel tunable lens with large focal length change and driven by stacked polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel actuators is designed and characterized in this study. The lens rigid parts are 3D-printed and commercially available, whereas the PVC gel membrane is in volume production. Under electrical actuation, the lens attains focal length ranges from 30 to 217 mm within 400 V. A manual regulating mechanism is proposed for the finished lens that dexterously adjusts the initial focus and focal length ranges. In the compound actuation mode, large focus variation over 950% is achieved within 250 V. Under 250 V step input, the lens exhibits practical response time around 291 ms. Focal length tuning ability of the lens is also demonstrated by capturing the images of objects placed in different positions. This tunable lens is promising for various smart optics.
Doppler-enhanced quantum magnetometry with thermal Rydberg atoms
Authors: Barik Shovan Kanti , S Silpa B , Ramana M Venkat , Dutta Shovan , Roy Sanjukta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report experimental measurements showing how one can combine quantum interference and thermal Doppler shifts at room temperature to detect weak magnetic fields. We pump

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Rb atoms to a highly-excited, Rydberg level using a probe and a coupling laser, leading to narrow transmission peaks of the probe due to destructive interference of transition amplitudes, known as Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. While it is customary in such setups to use counterpropagating lasers to minimize the effect of Doppler shifts, here we show, on the contrary, that one can harness Doppler shifts in a copropagating arrangement to produce an enhanced response to a magnetic field. In particular, we demonstrate an order-of-magnitude bigger splitting in the transmission spectrum as compared to the counterpropagating case. We explain and generalize our findings with theoretical modeling and simulations based on a Lindblad master equation. Our results pave the way to using quantum effects for magnetometry in readily deployable room-temperature platforms.
Quasiparticles-mediated thermal diode effect in Weyl Josephson junctions
Authors: Chatterjee Pritam , Dutta Paramita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We theoretically show quasiparticles-driven thermal diode effect (TDE) in an inversion symmetry-broken Weyl superconductor (WSC)-Weyl semimetal (WSM)-WSC Josephson junction. A Zeeman field perpendicular to the WSM region of the thermally-biased Weyl Josephson junction (WJJ) induces an asymmetry between the forward and reverse thermal currents, which is responsible for the TDE. Most interestingly, we show that the sign and magnitude of the thermal diode rectification coefficient is highly tunable by the superconducting phase difference and external Zeeman field, and also strongly depends on the junction length. The tunability of the rectification, particularly, the sign changing behavior associated with higher rectification enhances the potential of our WJJ thermal diode to use as functional switching components in thermal devices.
The effect of the electron κ-distribution on the dust particle charging in the radio-frequency thermal-sheaths
Authors: Shihab M , Elkamash I S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to investigate collisionless radiofrequency plasma sheaths containing dust particles, three models are utilized: the novel kinetic scheme Ensemble-in-Spacetime (EST) model for calculating sheath parameters, the Dust Particle Charging model, and the Single Dust Particle model. The EST model has been modified to account for κ-electron distributions. This model is applicable to radiofrequency plasma sheaths found in tokamaks equipped with an ion cyclotron radiofrequency (ICRF) wave heating system, such as JET, West(Tore Supra), EAST, ASDEX-U, and KSTAR. The calculated sheath parameters are utilized to determine the electron and ion currents of the dust particles. In the intermediate radio-frequency regime, when the ion plasma frequency is comparable to the ICRF, the flux and energy of the ions are modulated in time within the sheath. The ions are not inertialess, and the value of κ affects the electron and ion densities. As the value of κ increases, the time-averaged electron and ion densities, sheath edge position, and area of the sheath voltage-sheath charge hysteresis loop also increase. However, the ion energy distribution remains insensitive to the κ distribution. The dust particles are charged with different negative charges based on their radius, position within the sheath, κ-electron distribution, and sheath potential. These particles exhibit oscillatory motion due to their interactions with the plasma and gravitational fields and are accelerated toward the plasma core.
Unravelling poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) hydrogels behaviors and enhancing 5-Fluorouracil delivery systems by utilizing a fuzzy modelling approach
Authors: Pekel Bayramgil Nursel , Insel Mert Akin , Gonce Kocken Hale , Albayrak Inci , Karakuş Selcan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, fuzzy-hybrid systems have been reported in biomedical applications due to their ability to handle uncertainties, provide flexibility, identify optimal production processes, and integrate experimental data sources to create reliable decision support mechanisms. This study focuses on introducing a fuzzy-hybrid methodology to model the swelling behavior of poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVTAz) hydrogels and the drug release profile of PVTAz hydrogels loaded with 5-Fluorouracil. The proposed fuzzy-hybrid approach was utilized in modelling swelling behavior of the PVTAz hydrogels as a fuzzy function of time, temperature, pH, and the drug release behavior as a fuzzy function of time only. All the obtained models were illustrated with respect to the experimental data, showing their effectiveness and applicability. Performance metrics (ARE, RMSE, R2) were calculated for the fuzzy-hybrid supported swelling behavior and drug release models: (ARE = 6.9492, RMSE = 150.59, R2 = 0.9529) and (ARE = 4.2956, RMSE = 2.2889, R2 = 0.9879), respectively. This study significantly advances our understanding of hydrogel behaviors in drug delivery systems, highlighting interdisciplinary synergy that enhances research outcomes.
An extreme multistable circuit based on a new memcapacitor and a new meminductor
Authors: Ren Xiyu , Bi Xiuguo , Cao Yinghong , Mou Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Expanding the definition of memristor gets memcapacitor and meminductor. Because there are very few physical memory elements, it is very meaningful to apply its equivalent model to the study of physical circuits. In this paper, based on the definition of the memory element, a new memcapacitor and a new meminductor are proposed, and a chaotic oscillator circuit is constructed based on them. Whether the two memory elements have memory characteristics is analyzed. The range of equilibrium points of the chaotic oscillator circuit is determined. The dynamical behavior of this chaotic oscillator circuit is analyzed by the Lyapunov exponent spectrum (LEs), bifurcation diagram (BD) and spectral entropy complexity (SE). Finally, Multisim software is used to verify the correctness of the simulation, and the physical realizability of the system is verified by the DSP platform. The results of the research help to better utilize this chaotic oscillator circuit in the field of communication encryption.
The electronic, magnetic, and optical behaviors of graphyne modulated by metal atoms adsorption: a first-principles study
Authors: He Hongxuan , Tan Jiewei , Cheng Wenzhe , Li Jing , Gao Nan , Li Hongdong , Qiu Dongchao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The electronic, magnetic, and optical behaviors of graphyne modulated by various adsorbed metal atoms (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, and Zn) from typical metal-ion batteries are studied by first-principles calculation. Notably, Mg and Zn adsorption systems are deemed unstable. In contrast, Li, Na, K, Ca, and Al systems exhibit two preferential adsorption sites, with the optimal position being the hollow center site within the large acetylenic ring. Upon the adsorption of these metal atoms, except for Ca adsorption systems exhibit semi-metallic behavior, while the other metal adsorption systems induced a transition from p-type to n-type semiconductors with decreased band gaps. Intriguingly, the inherent magnetism of the metal atoms vanished, resulting in a total magnetic moment of 0 μ
B for the adsorption systems. Furthermore, the optical absorption and reflectivity peak positions for Ca adsorption systems show a significant redshift from violet to green and blue light regions. Conversely, other adsorption systems exhibit new absorption and reflection peaks in the infrared range, accompanied by an increase in both absorption coefficient and reflectivity across various spectral regions. These findings are conducive to the application in the field of novel optoelectronics and optical films.
A real-time performance improvement method for composite time scale
Authors: Wang 王 Fangmin 芳敏 , Li 李 Wenlin 汶林 , Dai 戴 Hongfei 鸿飞 , Li 李 Chunyi 春怡 , Zhou 周 Jianhua 建华 , Xue 薛 Shenhui 申辉 , Wang 王 Bo 波 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The composite time scale (CTS) provides a stable, accurate, and reliable time scale for modern society. The improvement of CTS’s real-time performance will improve its stability, which strengths related applications’ performance. Aiming at this goal, a method achieved by determining the optimal calculation interval and accelerating adjustment stage is proposed in this paper. The determinants of the CTS’s calculation interval (characteristics of the clock ensemble, the measurement noise, the time and frequency synchronization system’s noise and the auxiliary output generator noise floor) are studied and the optimal calculation interval is obtained. We also investigate the effect of ensemble algorithm’s initial parameters on the CTS’s adjustment stage. A strategy to get the reasonable initial parameters of ensemble algorithm is designed. The results show that the adjustment stage can be finished rapidly or even can be shorten to zero with reasonable initial parameters. On this basis, we experimentally generate a distributed CTS with a calculation interval of 500 s and its stability outperforms those of the member clocks when the averaging time is longer than ∼1700 s. The experimental result proves that the CTS’s real-time performance is significantly improved.
Accurate characterisation of optical diffuse transmission—primary facility and extension to translucent samples
Authors: Fu Jinglin , Quast Tatjana , Teichert Sven , Pastuschek Marcel , Schirmacher Alfred , Santafé-Gabarda Pablo , Hauer Kai-Olaf , Ferrero Alejandro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To perform accurate, high-quality and traceable measurement of optical diffuse transmission, which is quantified using the bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF), a new primary facility has been developed at the Physikalisch–Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the German metrology institute. This newly developed reference facility will complement the available calibration services and research facilities at PTB for regular reflectance and transmittance and diffuse reflectance. The performance of the new BTDF setup has been investigated in an internal comparison, where consistency of the results was achieved. A thorough uncertainty analysis results in a minimum combined standard (k
=
1) uncertainty of about 0.8 %. Research on the accurate characterisation of the BTDF of samples with non-negligible lateral scattering is being carried out on this new setup. Some first results have shown that the measured BTDF value depends on the applied irradiation area size. An empirical model has been found to describe the diffuse transmission of such translucent samples with different scattering parameters.
Metrological characterization of a commercial single-photon source with high photon flux emission
Authors: Georgieva Hristina , Stepanov Petr , Sewidan Leonora , Pishchagin Anton , López Marco , Kück Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive metrological characterization of a commercial single-photon source with high photon flux emission for use in radiometry. The source is based on an InGaAs quantum dot in a micropillar. A comparative analysis of two excitation schemes—phonon-assisted excitation and two-photon excitation—explores differences in excitation power dependence, temporal stability and single-photon purity. The commercial source exhibits excellent properties for the field of quantum radiometry, achieving simultaneously a photon flux of (17.19 ± 0.09) million photons/s for a pulse repetition rate of 79.4 MHz, and a single-photon purity of 98%. Its optical power of (3.68 ± 0.02) pW is directly determined with a traceably calibrated low-noise photodiode. The ability to directly compare the photocurrent in a low-noise photodiode with the count rate at a single-photon avalanche detector allows for a seamless transition between the classical and quantum realizations of optical power. Therefore, we were able to build another bridge between classical and quantum radiometry by using a deterministic single-photon source.