bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of flaxseed in turkey diets decreases the n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio and increases the proportion of biologically active EPA and DHA without affecting meat quality
Authors: Jankowski Jan , Zdunczyk Zenon , Mikulski Dariusz , Naczmanski Jakub , Juskiewicz Jerzy , Troszynska Agnieszka , Slominski Bogdan A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the duration of diet administration required for effective modification of meat fatty acids (FA) in turkeys fed diets containing 10% of flaxseed. BIG‐7 female turkeys of 11 wk of age were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments and were fed wheat/soybean‐based diets containing 2.5% of flaxseed oil and 2% of soybean oil (FO), 10% of ground flaxseed (FS), and 10% of flaxseed and NSP‐degrading enzymes (FS + E) for 3, 4, and 5 wk. After 5 wk, the BWG of turkeys from FO and FS + E groups were similar, while group FS birds had a lower body weight (P = 0.009). When compared to the reference diet FO, diets FS and FS + E decreased (P < 0.05) the proportion of n‐6 after 4 wk, and increased the proportion of n‐3 in the total FA content of breast meat. As a result, the n‐6/n‐3 ratio for FO, FS, and FS + E decreased in breast meat (from 2.8 to 1.4, and 1.4, respectively). When compared to 4 and 5 wk, meat from turkeys slaughtered after 3 wk of feeding had lower concentrations of total n‐3 FA. However, the proportion of biologically active EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) was the highest after 3 wk. Dietary treatments did not influence the sensory attributes of breast and thigh meat evaluated after 3, 4, and 5 wk. The results indicate that administration of the diet containing 10% of flaxseed for 3 wk would improve the n‐6/n‐3 ratio and EPA and DHA contents without a negative impact on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of meat.Practical applications: The inclusion of 10% of ground flaxseed in turkey diets over a period of 3 wk before slaughter (i.e., at ∼15 wk of age) would decrease the n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio in meat portions and would result in considerably higher proportion of biologically active EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) without any negative impact on the physicochemical and sensory attributes of meat, and thus may be more desirable for human health. Further applications may include the use of NSP‐degrading enzymes to alleviate the negative effect of ground flaxseed on body weight gain of turkeys.Growing turkeys were fed wheat/soybean‐based diets containing 2.5% flaxseed oil and 2% soybean oil (FO), 10% ground flax seed (FS), and 10% ground flax seed plus NSP enzyme (FS+E) for 3, 4, and 5 wk. When compared to the reference diet FO, diets FS and FS + E increased the proportion of n‐3 in the total FA content of breast and thigh meat portions and decreased the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. Turkeys slaughtered after 3 weeks of feeding had lower concentrations of total n‐3 FA but the highest proportion of biologically active EPA and DHA.
Speciation of Trace Levels of Chromium with Bismuth Modified Pyrolyzed Photoresist Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Mardegan Andrea , Cettolin Mattia , Kamath Rahul , Vascotto Veronica , Stortini Angela Maria , Ugo Paolo , Scopece Paolo , Madou Marc , Moretto Ligia Maria 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPyrolyzed photoresist carbon electrodes modified with bismuth (Bi‐PPCEs) were prepared and used for the determination of trace levels of chromium. In order to lower the detection limit, the choice of the supporting electrolyte concentration and electroanalytical parameters were optimized. The adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric determination of Cr(VI) at Bi‐PPCE was selective even in the presence in Cr(III). A detection limit of 0.1 µg L−1 was obtained after 60 s preconcentration. After oxidation with UV light and oxygen, all chromium species were oxidized to Cr(VI) and the total inorganic Cr determination is possible. Finally, Bi‐PPCE was applied to trace Cr(VI) analysis in real samples such as waste water and tap water.
Voltammetric Determination of 2‐Aminofluoren‐9‐one and Investigation of Its Interaction with DNA on a Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Hájková Andrea , Barek Jiří , Vyskočil Vlastimil 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVoltammetric behavior of the genotoxic environmental pollutant 2‐aminofluoren‐9‐one (2‐AFN) was investigated using direct current voltammetry (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in both negative and positive potential regions. For the determination of 2‐AFN based on the cathodic reduction of the carbonyl group, optimum conditions were found in a methanol–BrittonRobinson (BR) buffer pH 4.0 (1 : 9, v/v) medium, with the limits of quantification (LQs) of 0.4 and 0.2 µmol L−1 for DCV and DPV, respectively. For the determination of 2‐AFN based on the anodic oxidation of the amino group, optimum conditions were found in a mixture of methanol–BR buffer pH 8.0 (1 : 9, v/v), with the LQs of 0.8 and 0.6 µmol L−1 for DCV and DPV, respectively. The practical applicability of the newly developed voltammetric methods was verified on the direct determination of 2‐AFN in model samples of drinking and river water. Moreover, the interaction between 2‐AFN and double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) was investigated by DPV (performed at the bare GCE when both dsDNA and 2‐AFN were present in the measured solution) and square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) (carried out at the dsDNA/GCE biosensor after its incubation in the solutions of 2‐AFN for various times and at various concentrations of 2‐AFN) to characterize damaging effects of the test substance on the dsDNA structure in vitro. The intercalation of 2‐AFN between the dsDNA base pairs was the predominant supramolecular interaction observed.
Placebo Cessation in Binge Eating Disorder: Effect on Anthropometric, Cardiovascular, and Metabolic Variables
Authors: Blom Thomas J. , Guerdjikova Anna I. , Mori Nicole , Casuto Leah S. , McElroy Susan L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cessation of binge eating in response to placebo treatment in binge eating disorder (BED) on anthropometric, cardiovascular, and metabolic variables.MethodWe pooled participant‐level data from 10 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials of medication for BED. We then compared patients who stopped binge eating with those who did not on changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse, and fasting lipids and glucose.ResultOf 234 participants receiving placebo, 60 (26%) attained cessation from binge eating. Patients attaining cessation showed modestly decreased diastolic blood pressure compared with patients who continued to binge eat. Weight and BMI remained stable in patients who stopped binge eating, but increased somewhat in those who continued to binge eat.DiscussionPatients who stopped binge eating with placebo had greater reductions in diastolic blood pressure and gained less weight than patients who continued to binge eat. Self‐report of eating pathology in BED may predict physiologic variables. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Self‐help memory training for healthy older adults in a residential care center: specific and transfer effects on performance and beliefs
Authors: Cavallini Elena , Bottiroli Sara , Capotosto Emanuela , De Beni Rossana , Pavan Giorgio , Vecchi Tomaso , Borella Erika 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundCognitive flexibility has repeatedly been shown to improve after training programs in community‐dwelling older adults, but few studies have focused on healthy older adults living in other settings.ObjectivesThis study investigated the efficacy of self‐help training for healthy older adults in a residential care center on memory tasks they practiced (associative and object list learning tasks) and any transfer to other tasks (grocery lists, face–name learning, figure–word pairing, word lists, and text learning). Transfer effects on everyday life (using a problem‐solving task) and on participants' beliefs regarding their memory (efficacy and control) were also examined. With the aid of a manual, the training adopted a learner‐oriented approach that directly encouraged learners to generalize strategic behavior to new tasks. The maintenance of any training benefits was assessed after 6 months.MethodThe study involved 34 residential care center residents (aged 70–99 years old) with no cognitive impairments who were randomly assigned to two programs: the experimental group followed the self‐help training program, whereas the active control group was involved in general cognitive stimulation activities.ResultsTraining benefits emerged in the trained group for the tasks that were practiced. Transfer effects were found in memory and everyday problem‐solving tasks and on memory beliefs. The effects of training were generally maintained in both practiced and unpracticed memory tasks.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that learner‐oriented self‐help training enhances memory performance and memory beliefs, in the short term at least, even in residential care center residents. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scale‐free brain dynamics under physical and psychological distress: Pre‐treatment effects in women diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Churchill Nathan W. , Cimprich Bernadine , Askren Mary K. , Reuter‐Lorenz Patricia A. , Jung Mi Sook , Peltier Scott , Berman Marc G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStressful life events are related to negative outcomes, including physical and psychological manifestations of distress, and behavioral deficits. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer report impaired attention and working memory prior to adjuvant therapy, which may be induced by distress. In this article, we examine whether brain dynamics show systematic changes due to the distress associated with cancer diagnosis. We hypothesized that impaired working memory is associated with suppression of “long‐memory” neuronal dynamics; we tested this by measuring scale‐free (“fractal”) brain dynamics, quantified by the Hurst exponent (H). Fractal scaling refers to signals that do not occur at a specific time‐scale, possessing a spectral power curve
; they are “long‐memory” processes, with significant autocorrelations. In a BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we scanned three groups during a working memory task: women scheduled to receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy and aged‐matched controls. Surprisingly, patients' BOLD signal exhibited greater H with increasing intensity of anticipated treatment. However, an analysis of H and functional connectivity against self‐reported measures of psychological distress (Worry, Anxiety, Depression) and physical distress (Fatigue, Sleep problems) revealed significant interactions. The modulation of (Worry, Anxiety) versus (Fatigue, Sleep Problems, Depression) showed the strongest effect, where higher worry and lower fatigue was related to reduced H in regions involved in visuospatial search, attention, and memory processing. This is also linked to decreased functional connectivity in these brain regions. Our results indicate that the distress associated with cancer diagnosis alters BOLD scaling, and H is a sensitive measure of the interaction between psychological versus physical distress. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1077–1092, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid prototyped sutureless anastomosis device from self‐curing silk bio‐ink
Authors: Jose Rod R. , Raja Waseem K. , Ibrahim Ahmed M.S. , Koolen Pieter G.L. , Kim Kuylhee , Abdurrob Abdurrahman , Kluge Jonathan A. , Lin Samuel J. , Beamer Gillian , Kaplan David L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSutureless anastomosis devices are designed to reduce surgical time and difficulty, which may lead to quicker and less invasive cardiovascular anastomosis. The implant uses a barb‐and‐seat compression fitting composed of one male and two female components. The implant body is resorbable and capable of eluting heparin. Custom robotic deposition equipment was designed to fabricate the implants from a self‐curing silk solution. Curing did not require deleterious processing steps but devices demonstrated high crush resistance, retention strength, and leak resistance. Radial crush resistance is in the range of metal vascular implants. Insertion force and retention strength of the anastomosis was dependent on fit sizing of the male and female components and subsequent vessel wall compression. Anastomotic burst strength was dependent on the amount of vessel wall compression, and capable of maintaining higher than physiological pressures. In initial screening using a porcine implant, the devices remained intact for 28 days (the length of study). Histological sections revealed cellular infiltration within the laminar structure of the male component, as well as at the interface between the male and female components. Initial degradation and absorption of the implant wall were observed. The speed per anastomosis using this new device was much faster than current systems, providing significant clinical improvement. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1333–1343, 2015.
A pilot study of conically graded chitosan–gelatin hydrogel/PLGA scaffold with dual‐delivery of TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2 for regeneration of cartilage–bone interface
Authors: Han Fengxuan , Zhou Fang , Yang Xiaoling , Zhao Jin , Zhao Yunhui , Yuan Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRepair of cartilage–bone interface tissue remains challenging, because it combines different cell types and gradients of composition and properties. To enable simultaneous regeneration of bone, cartilage, and especially their interface, a conically graded scaffold of chitosan–gelatin hydrogel/poly(l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) was facilely prepared in the study. The chitosan–gelatin hydrogel containing transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) was used for chondrogenesis, while the PLGA scaffold loading bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) for osteogenesis. The conically graded transition from the hydrogel to PLGA scaffold and graded variation in amount of growth factors from TGF‐β1 to BMP‐2 benefited the cartilage–bone interface reconstruction. The graded scaffold exhibited spatio‐temporal delivery of TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2. Preliminary results of in vitro cell culture demonstrated that the hydrogel and PLGA phases could promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells toward chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. From the result of the pilot in vivo experiment, it showed that the regenerated hyaline‐like cartilage surface and subchondral bone excellently integrated with the native tissues were found by using the TGF‐β1 and BMP‐2 double‐loaded hydrogel/PLGA graded scaffold via H&E and immunohistochemical stainings of collagen I, collagen II, and osteocalcin at 2 months. The obtained preliminary experiment results showed that the hydrogel/PLGA graded scaffold combining multiphasic composition and spatial dual growth‐factor delivery would be useful for cartilage–bone interface tissue defect repair. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1344–1353, 2015.
Evidences ofin vivobioactivity of Fe‐bioceramic composites for temporary bone implants
Authors: Ulum Mokhamad F. , Nasution Ahmad K. , Yusop Abdul H. , Arafat Andril , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq A. , Juniantito Vetnizah , Noviana Deni , Hermawan Hendra 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIron‐bioceramic composites have been developed as biodegradable implant materials with tailored degradation behavior and bioactive features. In the current work,in vivobioactivity of the composites was comprehensively studied by using sheep animal model. Five groups of specimens (Fe‐HA, Fe‐TCP, Fe‐BCP composites, and pure‐Fe and SS316L as controls) were surgically implanted into medio proximal region of the radial bones. Real‐time ultrasound analysis showed a decreased echo pattern at the peri‐implant biodegradation site of the composites indicating minimal tissue response during the wound healing process. Peripheral whole blood biomarkers monitoring showed a normal dynamic change of blood cellular responses and no stress effect was observed. Meanwhile, the released Fe ion concentration was increasing along the implantation period. Histological analysis showed that the composites corresponded with a lower inflammatory giant cell count than that of SS316L. Analysis of the retrieved implants showed a thicker degradation layer on the composites compared with pure‐Fe. It can be concluded that the iron‐bioceramic composites are bioactive and induce a preferable wound healing process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1354–1365, 2015.
Utility of magneto‐electropolished ternary nitinol alloys for blood contacting applications
Authors: Pulletikurthi Chandan , Munroe Norman , Stewart Danique , Haider Waseem , Amruthaluri Sushma , Rokicki Ryszard , Dugrot Manuel , Ramaswamy Sharan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe thrombogenicity of a biomaterial is mainly dependent on its surface characteristics, which dictates its interactions with blood. Surface properties such as composition, roughness wettability, surface free energy, and morphology will affect an implant material's hemocompatibility. Additionally, in the realm of metallic biomaterials, the specific composition of the alloy and its surface treatment are important factors that will affect the surface properties. The utility of magneto‐electropolished (MEP) ternary Nitinol alloys, NiTiTa, and NiTiCr as blood contacting materials was investigated. The hemcompatibility of these alloys were compared to mechanically polished (MP) metallic biomaterial counterparts. In vitro thrombogenicity tests revealed significantly less platelet adherence on ternary MEP Nitinol, especially MEP NiTi10Ta as compared to the MP metals (p < 0.05). The enhanced anti‐platelet‐adhesive property of MEP NiTi10Ta was in part, attributed to the Ta2O5 component of the alloy. Furthermore, the formation of a dense and mixed hydrophobic oxide layer during MEP is believed to have inhibited the adhesion of negatively charged platelets. In conclusion, MEP ternary Nitinol alloys can potentially be utilized for blood‐contacting devices where, complications resulting from thrombogenicity can be minimized. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1366–1374, 2015.
Sucrose Induces Vesicle Accumulation and Autophagy
Authors: Higuchi Takahiro , Nishikawa Jun , Inoue Hiroko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt has been shown that the treatment of mammalian cells with sucrose leads to vacuole accumulation associated with lysosomes and upregulation of lysosomal enzyme expression and activity. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic process by which cells deliver cytoplasmic material for degradation into lysosomes, thus it is probable that sucrose affects the autophagic activity. The role of sucrose in autophagy is unknown; however, another disaccharide, trehalose has been shown to induce autophagy. In the current study, we used mouse embryonic fibroblasts to investigate whether sucrose induces autophagy and whether vesicle formation is associated with autophagy. The results showed that sucrose induces autophagy while being accumulated within the endosomes/lysosomes. These vesicles were swollen and packed within the cytoplasm. Furthermore, trehalose and the trisaccharide raffinose, which are not hydrolyzed in mammalian cells, increased the rate of vesicles accumulation and LC3‐II level (a protein marker of autophagy). However, fructose and maltose did not show the same effects. The correlation between the two processes, vesicle accumulation and autophagy induction, was confirmed by treatment of cells with sucrose plus invertase, or maltose plus acarbose—the α‐glucosidase inhibitor—and by sucrose deprivation. Results also showed that vesicle accumulation was not affected by autophagy inhibition. Therefore, the data suggest that sucrose‐induced autophagy through accumulation of sucrose‐containing vesicles is caused by the absence of hydrolysis enzymes. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 609–617, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Mesoporous MCM‐41‐Supported Chiral Ru‐Complex
Authors: Sarkar Shaheen M. , Yusoff Mashitah Mohd , Rahman Md. Lutfor 
Published: November 2014

AbstractChiral N‐sulfonyldiamine was successfully anchored on mesoporous MCM‐41 silica. The MCM‐41‐supported chiral N‐sulfonyldiamine was used as an efficient heterogeneous chiral ligand in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones. This heterogeneous system offered satisfactory enantioselectivities up to 94 % with excellent conversions.
Modeling and simulation analysis of the relationship between lesion recurrence on brain images and clinical recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Lim Hyeong‐Seok , Bae Kyun‐Seop 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe objective of current study is to assess the relationship between characteristics of patients with acute ischemic stroke and clinical recurrences to identify predictors for the prognosis by modeling and simulation. Primary endpoint was clinical recurrence of ischemic stroke, and secondary endpoint was occurrence of any of the following clinical recurrence of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, acute coronary syndrome, or vascular deaths. Time to event models were developed by NONMEM® using prospectively collected clinical data from 270 patients over 5 years, where 7.0% and 9.3% of them experienced lesion recurrence on MRI at 1 month (LR1M) and clinical recurrence, respectively. Exponential models best described the data. LR1M and diabetes mellitus history were significant predictors for primary endpoint. Times to recurrence for patients with LRIM (+) and diabetes mellitus (+) were predicted to be 0.095 and 0.317 of those for patients with LRIM (−) and diabetes mellitus (−), respectively. LR1M was only predictor for secondary endpoint with predicted time to recurrence in patients with LR1M (+) compared to 0.141 of LR1M (−). Quantitative prediction of clinical recurrence using MRI could improve personalized therapy by identifying patients at risk of recurrence, and could enable efficient clinical trials by stratifying the patients.