bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Simulation of Cyclic Steam Stimulation in the Cold Lake Oil Sands
Authors: Beattie C. I. , Boberg T. C. , McNab G. S. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
The Cold Lake reservoir is an unconsolidated sand containing extremely viscous bitumen. Steam injectivity during cyclic steam stimulation can be achieved only by injecting at pressures high enough to mechanically fail the formation. Simulation of the complex fracturing and reservoir deformation behavior that results is very challenging. In addition, the reservoir exhibits water-oil relative permeability hysteresis, which must also be properly modeled. This paper describes enhancements made to a thermal reservoir simulator to incorporate these Cold Lake physics.
Rigorous geomechanical modeling is not economical, so an empirical approach has been developed that is consistent with the behavior of unconsolidated sands. Fracturing is modeled by allowing the permeability in a. plane of gridblocks to increase rapidly when the pressure exceeds a specified fracture pressure. Reservoir deformation in all blocks is modeled by first allowing dilation, during which porosity increases when the pressure exceeds a specified failure pressure. Subsequent pressure decline causes the reservoir to recompact, and porosity decreases. However, recompaction is not the reverse of dilation, and a fraction of the total dilation is permanent. While all gridblocks have similar deformation properties, the history of each individual block plays a role in determining its exact behavior.
This geomechanical representation allows the simulator to match field observations that are otherwise difficult to reproduce, including injection pressures, flowback times, and production pressures. Also, the model appropriately handles the recompaction process which provides drive energy in the Cold Lake reservoir.
The water-oil relative permeability hysteresis model is based upon laboratory measurements. Bounding imbibition and drainage curves are input; gridblock relative permeabilities, which depend upon both saturation and saturation history, are determined such that calculated values always lie on or between the bounding curves. The hysteresis model makes it possible to use laboratory-derived relative permeabilities when simulating cyclic steam stimulation and still match field water-oil ratios.
Effects of CO2 Addition to Steam on Recovery of West Sak Crude Oil
Authors: Hornbrook M. W. , Dehghani K. , Qadeer S. , Ostermann R. D. , Ogbe D. O. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
A high pressure one-dimensional laboratory displacement study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the addition of carbon dioxide to steam on the recovery of West Sak crude oil. In addition a run was made below bubble point pressure to assess the effect of a free gas phase on recovery. Experiments were conducted in an unconsolidated sand pack two inches in diameter and four feet in length. The sand pack was saturated with "live" West Sak crude oil (19.2°API) with a bubble point pressure of 1690 psig. Volumetric flow rate was held constant to focus on the effect of CO2 addition to steam. The temperature profile and pressure drop along the length of the sand pack were recorded along with ultimate recovery and effluent properties.
Carbon dioxide affects oil recovery by several mechanism. (Gas displacement, swelling, viscosity reduction.) Measurements of: CO2 swelling and CO2/steam distillation of West Sak crude are presented. The results indicate that the addition of CO2 steam increases ultimate recovery, increases rate of recovery and decreases required heat input. Furthermore the presence of a free gas phase greatly reduces the ultimate recovery. The results also indicate the existence of an optimum steam/CO2 concentration. A 1:1 molar ratio increases recovery by 5.5% and a 3:1 molar ratio increases recovery by 12 .8%. Holding the steam/CO2 molar ratio constant at 3:1 and decreasing the injection temperature resulted in no significant change in recovery.
The current study indicates that the simultaneous injections of CO2 and steam increases recovery over steam alone and allows the use of lower injectant temperature and hence reduces the heat input required. If a suitable source of CO2 is available, this process may enhance the economics of thermal recovery of West Sak oil.
Adaptive Implicit Method in Thermal Simulation
Authors: Oballa V. , Coombe D. A. , Buchanan W. L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
An adaptive implicit method for thermal simulation is discussed. It provides different degrees of implicitness in various grid blocks. A special treatment of flow terms during appearance or disappearance of any particular phase is critical. This treatment creates a more stable Jacobian matrix, especially in cases where an implicit block is downstream of an explicit neighbour.
The maximum eigenvalue of a local amplification matrix, which is related to a dimensionless front velocity, determines the switching between implicit and explicit treatment. The switching is done automatically and is problem independent. It is superior to the classical threshold switching which is based on the magnitude of changes of key reservoir variables.
Results from the simulation of several thermal recovery processes are presented. The saving in computer time over a fully implicit method ranges from 34 through 62 percent.
The maximum savings can be achieved in the simulation of large field scale problems in which the fronts are moving fairly slowly.
Successful Conversion of the Pikes Peak Viscous Oil Cyclic Steam Project to Steamdrive
Authors: Miller K. A. , Stevens L. G. , Watt B. J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
The Pikes Peak steam pilot was initiated in 1981 to evaluate cyclic steam recovery in a Lloydminster (Canada) channel sand reservoir containing 12°API oil with a gas-free viscosity of 25 000 mPa.s (25,000 cp) at initial reservoir conditions. Cyclic steam response has been very good, but the economics worsen after 20 to 30% of the original oil-in-place (OOΙP) has been recovered.
Based on the reservoir's excellent permeability (5 to 10 darcy) and on frequently observed interwell communication, a 3 hectare (7.4 acre) inverted seven-spot pattern was converted to steam drive in 1984. This pattern was used to evaluate various steam injection rates, flow diverting foam, and stimulation of lagging producers. Tritium tracer test data, profiles from two temperature observation wells, and a post-steam core were collected and evaluated; and numerical modelling studies were also initiated.
Field data from the first pattern and forecasts from the numerical modelling studies were used to refine the conversion criteria. In these criteria were used to select two additional patterns for conversion, and both have yielded excellent performance. Four additional patterns have been converted to drive since 1986, and steam drive currently contributes approximately half the project's total production.
Studies are underway to further refine the cyclic-to-drive conversion criteria, evaluate the effects of pattern surroundings, develop methods to improve vertical and areal sweep, and develop a post-steam recovery strategy.
Improved Steam Foam Formulations: Concepts and Laboratory Results
Authors: Lau H. C. , Borchardt J. K. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Kern River pilot results show that a steam foam formulation based on an alpha olefin sulfonate containing 16 to 18 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain improves sweep efficiency and oil recovery of the steam drive but propagates relatively slowly and leaves the same residual oil saturation as that to steam. Research has identified potentially superior formulations that in the laboratory form stronger foams, propagate faster and/or reduce residual oil saturation below that to steam.
Steam-Zone Electrical Characteristics for Geodiagnostic Evaluation of Steamflood Performance
Authors: Mansure A. J. , Meldau R. F. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
An essential part of the development of electrical geodiagnostic techniques for mapping thermal recovery processes is understanding the relationship of formation resistivity to the thermal recovery process. As a result of laboratory measurements of a one - dimensional steamflood, a preliminary understanding of some of the mechanisms of the electrical resistivity change has been gained. The theory of electrical resistivity of a steamflood is reviewed and used to evaluate the resistivity changes expected. A conceptual electrical model of a steamflooded porous reservoir is presented. This conceptual model is based on a qualitative description of the fluid zones of an ideal heavy oil steamflood. The model assumes that salinity, temperature, and saturation are the important factors controlling the resistivity changes, and that Archie's law applies. It is found that the characteristics of each individual reservoir must be considered before the in situ resistivity changes are predicted, and that the in situ resistivity can either increase or decrease as a result of steamflooding.
Discovery of rhenium and masurium (technetium) by Ida Noddack-Tacke and Walter Noddack
Authors: Stelzner F. , Knapp F. F. , Biersack H.-J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe history of the early identification of elements and their designation to the Mendeleev Table of the Elements was an important chapter in German science in which Ida (1896-1978) and Walter (1893-1960) Noddack played an important role in the first identification of rhenium (element 75, 1925) and technetium (element 43, 1933). In 1934 Ida Noddack was also the first to predict fission of uranium into smaller atoms. Although the Noddacks did not for some time later receive the recognition for the first identification of technetium-99m, their efforts have appropriately more recently been recognized. The discoveries of these early pioneers are even more astounding in light of the limited technologies and resources which were available during this period. The Noddack discoveries of elements 43 and 75 are related to the sub sequent use of rhenium-188 (beta/ gamma emitter) and technetium-99m (gamma emitter) in nuclear medicine. In particular, the theranostic relationship between these two generator-derived radioisotopes has been demonstrated and offers new opportunities in the current era of personalized medicine.
Perfil psicosocial de los jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social en la ciudad de León en Nicaragua
Authors: Diaz Rodriguez Maria Mercedes 
Published: October 2015

<p>La ciudad de León ha sido pionera en el desarrollo de programas de salud comunitaria, desarrollándose programas de salud integrales como el proyecto Una Nueva Iniciativa en Salud para las Américas (UNI), hospital universitario, hospital amigo de la madre, Municipio docente asistencial, entre otros. En los últimos cincos años, un grupo de profesionales de diferentes ramas de la Medicina, Psicología, Trabajo social se han centrado en la tarea de trabajar en conjunto con la comunidad, Policía Nacional, Mi familia, MINED, así como ONGs nacionales e internacionales para estudiar el fenómeno juvenil y su impacto en la sociedad. Se han realizado cinco encuentros con adolescentes y Jóvenes promovidos por la Junta Departamental de Apoyo a la Niñez y Juventud Leonesa (JDANJUL), donde la UNAN León está participando activamente. A tenor de estos encuentros, surgió la posibilidad de realizar un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal sobre la caracterización de jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social del área periférica de la ciudad de León, cuyos resultados son reveladores.</p>
Developing Occupation-Based Preventive Programs for Late-Middle-Aged Latino Patients in Safety-Net Health Systems
Authors: Schepens Niemiec Stacey L. , Carlson Mike , Martínez Jenny , Guzmán Laura , Mahajan Anish , Clark Florence 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Latino adults between ages 50 and 60 yr are at high risk for developing chronic conditions that can lead to early disability. We conducted a qualitative pilot study with 11 Latinos in this demographic group to develop a foundational schema for the design of health promotion programs that could be implemented by occupational therapy practitioners in primary care settings for this population. One-on-one interviews addressing routines and activities, health management, and health care utilization were conducted, audiotaped, and transcribed. Results of a content analysis of the qualitative data revealed the following six domains of most concern: Weight Management; Disease Management; Mental Health and Well-Being; Personal Finances; Family, Friends, and Community; and Stress Management. A typology of perceived health-actualizing strategies was derived for each domain. This schema can be used by occupational therapy practitioners to inform the development of health-promotion lifestyle interventions designed specifically for late-middle-aged Latinos.
Building Capacity of Occupational Therapy Practitioners to Address the Mental Health Needs of Children and Youth: A Mixed-Methods Study of Knowledge Translation
Authors: Bazyk Susan , Demirjian Louise , LaGuardia Teri , Thompson-Repas Karen , Conway Carol , Michaud Paula 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
PURPOSE. We explored the meaning and outcomes of a 6-mo building capacity process designed to promote knowledge translation of a public health approach to mental health among pediatric occupational therapy practitioners participating in a Community of Practice.
METHOD. A one-group (N = 117) mixed-methods design using a pretest–posttest survey and qualitative analysis of written reflections was used to explore the meaning and outcomes of the building capacity process.
RESULTS. Statistically significant improvements (p &lt; .02) in pretest–posttest scores of knowledge, beliefs, and actions related to a public health approach to mental health were found. Qualitative findings suggest that participation resulted in a renewed commitment to addressing children’s mental health.
CONCLUSION. The building capacity process expanded practitioner knowledge, renewed energy, and promoted confidence, resulting in change leaders empowered to articulate, advocate for, and implement practice changes reflecting occupational therapy’s role in addressing children’s mental health.
Development of the Classroom Sensory Environment Assessment (CSEA)
Authors: Kuhaneck Heather Miller , Kelleher Jaqueline 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Classroom Sensory Environment Assessment (CSEA) is a tool that provides a means of understanding the impact of a classroom’s sensory environment on student behavior. The purpose of the CSEA is to promote collaboration between occupational therapists and elementary education teachers. In particular, students with autism spectrum disorder included in general education classrooms may benefit from a suitable match created through this collaborative process between the sensory environment and their unique sensory preferences. The development of the CSEA has occurred in multiple stages over 2 yr. This article reports on descriptive results for 152 classrooms and initial reliability results. Descriptive information suggests that classrooms are environments with an enormous variety of sensory experiences that can be quantified. Visual experiences are most frequent. The tool has adequate internal consistency but requires further investigation of interrater reliability and validity.
Experiências pessoais e suas implicações nas práticas de ensino
Authors: Penna Rejane Silva , Da Silva Gilberto Ferreira 
Published: October 2015

<span style="font-family: "><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "><span style="font-size: small;"><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; font-family: Georgia;">O texto apresenta uma análise das histórias de vida de professores e suas traduções na prática docente. Situa, inicialmente, o cenário das pesquisas que utilizam fontes orais como recurso de investigação aplicado ao campo da educação e explora o potencial das entrevistas como método de coleta de informações, argüindo sobre a importância e a complexidade do uso desse tipo de fonte para a pesquisa em educação. Finalmente, expressa a reflexão, sustentada em duas trajetórias de educadores, em que se destacam aspectos como a tradução da experiência pessoal nas suas escolhas e práticas docentes, tanto no ensino superior quanto na educação básica.</span></p></span></span></span><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p></span><span style="font-family: "><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span>
La Historia que debía enseñarse durante la última dictadura militar en Argentina (1976-1983)
Authors: Rodríguez Laura Graciela 
Published: October 2015

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: " lang="ES-AR"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Georgia; mso-ansi-language: ES-AR;">El 24 de marzo de 1976 los integrantes de las tres Fuerzas Armadas en Argentina, organizaron el sexto asalto a un gobierno elegido constitucionalmente, al tiempo que se habían sucedido otros golpes de Estado de similares características en los países del Cono Sur Latinoamericano (Brasil, Chile y Uruguay). En comparación, la última dictadura militar argentina fue la más cruenta de la región, dejó un saldo de 30 mil “desaparecidos”, entre los que se encontraban cientos de estudiantes y docentes. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Georgia; mso-ansi-language: ES-AR;">Es sabido que las autoridades educativas de un gobierno determinado buscan transmitir un relato de la Historia escolar que esté acorde con sus proyectos políticos. En este artículo analizaremos qué hechos y personajes de la Historia nacional fueron introducidos por los funcionarios del Ministerio de Educación de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante esos años (1976- 1983). A través del estudio de la normativa destinada a modificar el “calendario escolar” que producían los ministros de educación y subsecretarias/os, identificaremos qué continuidades y rupturas se establecieron con el período anterior (1973-1976), qué celebraciones y actividades se incluyeron y el tipo de nociones del pasado que se buscó transmitir.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p></span>
O Conjunto fotográfico no ensino de História: algumas possibilidades de abordagem com a imigração polonesa
Authors: Molar Jonathan Oliveira 
Published: October 2015

<span style="font-family: "><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 14.15pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ";Georgia";,";serif";;">O presente artigo pretende aproximar o campo iconográfico ao ensino de História, isto é, explicitando possíveis caminhos para a utilização da fotografia em sala de aula, como ferramenta metodológica, demonstrando assim, a viabilidade do conjunto fotográfico no auxílio à prática docente na área, via a relação ensino-aprendizagem. Ao longo de sua trajetória, a fotografia foi marcada por seus usos e funções, por sua grande capacidade de representação, abordá-la como indício do real denota uma análise mais apurada e dinâmica na pesquisa histórica. Inseri-la na prática pedagógica significa explorar sua capacidade representativa para o entendimento de uma das linhas norteadoras dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN’s): a diversidade. De modo particular, nesta pesquisa, analisar-se-á o tema imigração para a conjugação entre ensino e fotografia, visualizando as realidades sociais por um viés plural e particular.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
Los niveles de la memoria: la nación, la provincia y la ciudad en la visión de tres responsables de la educación de fines del siglo XIX en la cosmopolita Santa Fe argentina
Authors: Micheletti María Gabriela 
Published: October 2015

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #000000; font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;">Hacia fines del siglo XIX, y a raíz de la masiva presencia de inmigrantes, en la República Argentina –y en particular en algunas provincias, como en Santa Fe– se procuró utilizar a la educación como un medio de nacionalización, confiriéndose dentro de ese proceso un rol significativo a la enseñanza de la Historia.</span></p><font style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" face="Georgia"><font style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES;" face="Georgia" color="#000000"><font style="font-size: 10pt;" color="#000000"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #000000;">En este artículo se analizan los textos de historia producidos en ese contexto por tres intelectuales santafesinos, estrechamente vinculados al sistema educativo, y se consideran los objetivos que persiguieron al emprender la escritura de la memoria en tres niveles diferentes: la nación, la provincia y la ciudad.</span></p></font></font></font></span><font style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" face="Georgia"><font style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES;" face="Georgia" color="#000000"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p></font></font></span><font style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" face="Georgia"><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p></font></span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
O Design como a expressão de fazer as coisas juntos: um entendimento ecológico
Authors: Hickel Denis Kern 
Published: October 2015

<p>Este artigo propõe uma exposição conceitual do design a partir de uma cosmovisão essencialmente ecológica e que tem como ponto de partida o entendimento do viver e do fazer humano proposto por Humberto Maturana. Assim, pretende-se uma situação do design, em toda a sua diversidade, no fluxo dos acontecimentos globais para possibilitar o engendramento de novos significados em contrapartida ao paradigma antropocêntrico que legitima a degradação social e ecológica em curso. </p>