bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerance induction by hair-specific keratins in murine alopecia areata
Authors: Erb Ulrike , Freyschmidt-Paul Pia , Zöller Margot 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAA is a presumptive autoimmune disease, severely damaging the hair follicle. Hair- and nail-specific keratins are discussed as potential candidates, which we controlled in C3H/HeJ mice that develop AA spontaneously or after skin transplantation. From nine keratins, K71 and K31 peptides supported T cell activation when presented by DCs to syngeneic naive T cells, and young C3H/HeJ mice receiving s.c. injections of peptide-loaded DC developed AA. The frequency of K71- and K31-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased four- to fivefold by vaccination, which corresponds with the frequency seen in skin transplantation-induced AA mice. Also, accessory molecule expression, the cytokine profile with a dominance of IFN-γ-expressing T cells, the proliferative response against AA lysate or peptide-loaded DCs, as well as peptide-specific cytotoxic T cells were similar in keratin peptide- and skin transplantation-induced AA. Instead, vaccination with soluble K71 or K31 peptides significantly retarded AA induction and prevented progression. Soluble peptide vaccination did not provoke immunosuppression but induced long-lasting T cell anergy with unresponsiveness to DC-presented K71 and K31 peptides. Thus, keratins K71 and K31 contribute to AA induction, and peptide application in a nonimmunogenic form serves as an efficient therapeutic.
Cocaine exposure enhances permissiveness of quiescent T cells to HIV infection
Authors: Kim Sohn G , Jung James B , Dixit Dhaval , Rovner Robert , Zack Jerome A , Baldwin Gayle C , Vatakis Dimitrios N 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn vivo and in vitro exposure to stimulants has been associated with increased levels of HIV infection in PBMCs. Among these lymphocyte subsets, quiescent CD4+ T cells make up the majority of circulating T cells in the blood. Others and we have demonstrated that HIV infects this population of cells inefficiently. However, minor changes in their cell state can render them permissive to infection, significantly impacting the viral reservoir. We have hypothesized that stimulants, such as cocaine, may perturb the activation state of quiescent cells enhancing permissiveness to infection. Quiescent T cells isolated from healthy human donors were exposed to cocaine and infected with HIV. Samples were harvested at different time-points to assess the impact of cocaine on their susceptibility to infection at various stages of the HIV life cycle. Our data show that a 3-day exposure to cocaine enhanced infection of quiescent cells, an effect that appears to be mediated by σ1R and D4R. Overall, our results indicate that cocaine-mediated effects on quiescent T cells may increase the pool of infection-susceptible T cells. The latter underscores the impact that stimulants have on HIV-seropositive individuals and the challenges posed for treatment.
Hydrogeophysical investigations of the former S-3 ponds contaminant plumes, Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge site, Tennessee
Authors: Revil A. , Skold M. , Karaoulis M. , Schmutz M. , Hubbard S. S. , Mehlhorn T. L. , Watson D. B. 
Published: July 2013

At the Oak Ridge Integrated Field Research Challenge site, near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, contaminants from the former S-3 ponds have infiltrated the shallow saprolite for over 60 years. Two- and three-dimensional DC-resistivity tomography is used to characterize the number and location of the main contaminant plumes, which include high concentration of nitrate. These contaminant plumes have typically an electrical resistivity in the range 2–20 ohm-m while the background saprolite resistivity is in the range 60–120 ohm-m, so the difference of resistivity can be easily mapped using DC-resistivity tomography to locate the contaminant pathways. We develop a relationship to derive the in situ nitrate concentrations from the 3D resistivity tomograms accounting for the effect of surface conductivity. The footprint of the contamination upon the resistivity is found to be much stronger than the local variations associated with changes in the porosity and the clay content. With this method, we identified a total of five main plumes (termed CP1 to CP5). Plume CP2 corresponds to the main plume in terms of nitrate concentration (∼50,000 [Formula: see text]). We also used an active time constrained approach to perform time-lapse resistivity tomography over a section crossing the plumes CP1 and CP2. The sequence of tomograms is used to determine the changes in the nitrate concentrations associated with infiltration of fresh (meteoritic) water from a perched aquifer. This study highlights the importance of accounting for surface conductivity when characterizing plume distributions in clay-rich subsurface systems.
Phase III Study of Afatinib or Cisplatin Plus Pemetrexed in Patients With Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma With EGFR Mutations
Authors: Sequist Lecia V. , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , O'Byrne Kenneth , Hirsh Vera , Mok Tony , Geater Sarayut Lucien , Orlov Sergey , Tsai Chun-Ming , Boyer Michael , Su Wu-Chou , Bennouna Jaafar , Kato Terufumi , Gorbunova Vera , Lee Ki Hyeong , Shah Riyaz , Massey Dan , Zazulina Victoria , Shahidi Mehdi , Schuler Martin 
Published: July 2013

Purpose The LUX-Lung 3 study investigated the efficacy of chemotherapy compared with afatinib, a selective, orally bioavailable ErbB family blocker that irreversibly blocks signaling from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ErbB2), and ErbB4 and has wide-spectrum preclinical activity against EGFR mutations. A phase II study of afatinib in EGFR mutation–positive lung adenocarcinoma demonstrated high response rates and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients and Methods In this phase III study, eligible patients with stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma were screened for EGFR mutations. Mutation-positive patients were stratified by mutation type (exon 19 deletion, L858R, or other) and race (Asian or non-Asian) before two-to-one random assignment to 40 mg afatinib per day or up to six cycles of cisplatin plus pemetrexed chemotherapy at standard doses every 21 days. The primary end point was PFS by independent review. Secondary end points included tumor response, overall survival, adverse events, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Results A total of 1,269 patients were screened, and 345 were randomly assigned to treatment. Median PFS was 11.1 months for afatinib and 6.9 months for chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.78; P = .001). Median PFS among those with exon 19 deletions and L858R EGFR mutations (n = 308) was 13.6 months for afatinib and 6.9 months for chemotherapy (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.65; P = .001). The most common treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea, rash/acne, and stomatitis for afatinib and nausea, fatigue, and decreased appetite for chemotherapy. PROs favored afatinib, with better control of cough, dyspnea, and pain. Conclusion Afatinib is associated with prolongation of PFS when compared with standard doublet chemotherapy in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and EGFR mutations.
Association Between Red and Processed Meat Intake and Mortality Among Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Authors: McCullough Marjorie L. , Gapstur Susan M. , Shah Roma , Jacobs Eric J. , Campbell Peter T. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose Red and processed meat intake is convincingly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, but its impact on prognosis after CRC diagnosis is unknown. We examined associations of red and processed meat consumption, self-reported before and after cancer diagnosis, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among men and women with invasive, nonmetastatic CRC. Patients and Methods Participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort reported information on diet and other factors at baseline in 1992-1993, 1999, and 2003. Participants with a verified CRC diagnosis after baseline and up to June 30, 2009, were observed for mortality through December 31, 2010. Results Among 2,315 participants diagnosed with CRC, 966 died during follow-up (413 from CRC and 176 from cardiovascular disease [CVD]). In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, red and processed meat intake before CRC diagnosis was associated with higher risks of death as a result of all causes (top v bottom quartile, relative risk [RR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.59; Ptrend = .03) and from CVD (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.67; Ptrend = .08) but not CRC (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.51; Ptrend = 0.54). Although red and processed meat consumption after CRC diagnosis was not associated with mortality, survivors with consistently high (median or higher) intakes before and after diagnosis had a higher risk of CRC-specific mortality (RR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.89) compared with those with consistently low intakes. Conclusion This study suggests that greater red and processed meat intake before diagnosis is associated with higher risk of death among patients with nonmetastatic CRC.
Dielectric Properties of One-dimensional Water Clusters Confined in the Porous Crystal, [Co3(2,4-pydc)2(µ3-OH)2]·9H2O (2,4-pydc: pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylate)
Authors: Zhou Biao , Kobayashi Akiko , Kobayashi Hayao 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The dielectric properties of the one-dimensional (1D) water clusters confined in the porous crystal, [Co3(2,4-pydc)2(µ3-OH)2]·9H2O, were examined. The dielectric constant (ε′) decreased abruptly below 200 K, where the first-order phase transition occurred. The results of molecular dynamics simulations suggested freezing of the molecular motion of the guest water molecules, forming 1D water clusters at 200 K. ε′ (10 kHz) increased sharply above 300 K and became as high as 500 at 383 K. The hysteresis loop observed at 340 K indicated the antiferroelectric state of the guest water system.
The internal liberty in structure of law
Authors: Шафиров Владимир , Shafirov Vladimir 
Published: July 2013

The prevailing opinion is that the law (the external sphere of human liberty and morality) is internal. This can be explained by the fact that morals can not simply be obey, they must become an internal conviction. It is impossible to make a person be guided by the motive of duty in subjection to the law or to perform it in good
conscience. Therefore, for the law, it is only important (even formal) performance of duties. The article explains the fallacy of view to the law only as the sphere of external liberty.
CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES OF PROCEDURAL VIOLATIONS
Authors: Липинский Дмитрий , Lipinskiy Dmitriy , Чуклова Елена , Chuklova Elena 
Published: July 2013

The article investigates the characteristics of procedural offences as generalizing category that includes the criminal procedural, civil procedural and arbitration procedural violations. The authors come from a narrow understanding of procedural violations,
which are defined not every violation of the legal process. Particular attention is given to magnetization process of delivered offenses of abuse of rights.
Mediation Development and Training Practices Compared: Improving Teaching Techniques for Mediation Trainers in Russia and the U.S.A. (part 2)
Authors: Владимирова Маргарита , Vladimirova Margarita 
Published: July 2013

This article compares Russian and USA mediation
regulations and explores what the new field of
mediation education in Russia can be learnt from the USA. The autor explores the history of developing and the place of the new Russian mediation law and how it fits within the Russian legal system. The article examines crosscultural perspectives of teaching mediation and explains the current goals of mediation courses into the USA and Russia, attempts to understand the system of teaching mediation in different law systems and explains the current goals of these courses.
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE ROLLING PROCESS OF INTERNAL TOOTHING OF TOOTHED WHEEL RIMS
Authors: Tomczak Janusz 
Published: July 2013

This paper presents results of numerical analysis of rolling process of internal toothing. Numerical simulations of the rolling process were made basing on finite element method (FEM), using commercial software DEFORM-3D in version 10.0. Geometrical models applied in FEM calculations were discussed in details. Calculations were made in three dimensional state of strain with consideration of thermal phenomena. During research works, geometrical parameters of obtained parts were analyzed, distributions of effective strain, effective stress and temperatures as well as the process force parameters were given. Next, the influence of particular process parameters on tools durability and the possibility of presence of phenomena disturbing the process stability were discussed. Described results of numerical research confirm the possibility of forming of internal toothing by means of rolling methods and constitute the introduction for a more complex analysis of metal forming processes of internal toothing.
EFFECT OF ELECTRODE FORCE ON FRACTURE TYPE OF DQSK STEEL RESISTANCE SPOT WELDS
Authors: Pouranvari Majid , Ranjbarnoode Eslam 
Published: July 2013

Failure mode is a qualitative measure of resistance spot weld performance. To ensure reliability of resistance spot welds during vehicle lifetime, process parameters should be adjusted so that the pullout failure mode is guaranteed. In this paper, the effect of electrode force on the failure mode of drawing quality specially killed (DQSK) steel resistance spot welds during the quasistatic tensile-shear test is investigated. Results showed that there is a minimum weld nugget size to ensure pullout failure mode. It was found that increasing electrode force decreases fusion zone size and therefore leads to transition of failure mode from pullout to interfacial mode.
In the Year 1789
Authors: McCarthy Steven 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In the Year 1789 is a poster series that addresses the uniquely American challenge of gun control, as notions of gun ownership are tied to history, patriotism and national mythologies concerning freedom and morality. The posters, cut by computer-guided laser, leverage two qualities to convince viewers to consider the issue. The use of Baskerville typeface, with its tested perceptions of credibility, and images embodying rhetoric’s tenets of ethos, logos and pathos combine to make a rational and emotional appeal.
Topological Hochschild homology and the Bass trace conjecture
Authors: Berrick A. J. , Hesselholt Lars 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

We use the methods of topological Hochschild homology to shed new light on
groups satisfying the Bass trace conjecture. Factorization of the
Hattori–Stallings rank map through the Bökstedt–Hsiang–Madsen cyclotomic
trace map leads to Linnell's restriction on such groups. As a new consequence
of this restriction, we show that the conjecture holds for any group G
wherein every subgroup isomorphic to the additive group of rational numbers
has nontrivial and central image in some quotient of G.
An estimate on the heat kernel of Schrödinger operators with non-negative
potentials on nilpotent Lie groups and its applications
Authors: Liu Yu , Huang Jizheng , Dong Jianfeng 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the heat kernel of
the Schrödinger operator

L
=
-

Δ
G

+
W

$L=-\Delta _G+W$

on the nilpotent Lie
group G, where Δ
G
is the sub-Laplacian on G and the
non-negative potential W belongs to the reverse Hölder class
B

q
1
. The main aim of the paper is to give a pointwise
estimate for the heat kernel of Schrödinger operators with
non-negative potentials on the nilpotent Lie group G. As its
applications, we obtain the Lp
estimates for parabolic
Schrödinger operators with certain non-negative potentials.
Crack Propagation Fracture Toughness of Several Wood Species
Authors: Wilson Elijah , Mohammadi Meisam Shir , Nairn John A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In materials with process zones, such as fiber-bridging zones in wood, it is crucial to characterize fracture toughness as a function of crack growth, known as the material's R curve. Here, a new fracture testing protocol developed to measure continuous R curves was used on six different species of solid wood—Douglas fir, Ponderosa pine, cedar, hemlock, balsa, and oak. Importantly, the new method uses monotonic loading, because unloading phases, as used in prior R curve methods, might damage the bridging fibers and alter subsequent toughness results. The crack length was recorded by a synchronized, automated imaging system. The solid wood R curves were measured for cracks running parallel to the wood grain direction with the crack plane normal to the radial direction (RL cracks) or normal to the tangential direction (TL cracks). The R curves for all species rose as a consequence of fiber bridging. TL toughness rose faster then RL toughness and therefore for long cracks TL toughness was higher for all species except cedar. The toughness trended upward as the density increased. Density had a much larger effect on fiber-bridging effects (i.e., the rise of the R curve) than it did on initiation toughness (i.e., the start of the R curve).
Comparison of Laboratory and Field Aging Properties of Different Asphalt Binders
Authors: Biligiri Krishna Prapoorna , Way George Bert 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In the past four decades, many states in the United States, including Arizona, have successfully used modified binders such as asphalt rubber (AR), defined by ASTM D6114, to reduce pavement distress and associated maintenance costs. The main objective of this study was to understand the aging characteristics of unaged and aged neat asphalt and AR binders using more than 25 years' worth of data from field and laboratory studies covering over 157 test sections in Arizona and 318 binder types with 957 data points. Trend relationships of the routine binder test results for neat and AR binders with respect to age were developed and resulted in fair correlations. AR binders had higher core-aged penetration and very low viscosities at all time-scales relative to neat binders. Furthermore, the performance grade system's shear modulus G*–phase angle δ relationship for the neat binders was excellent and rational with respect to aging. G* and δ for the neat binders were mathematically related to the routine microviscosity test. The inverse relationship of age versus microviscosity relative to δ exemplified that with an increase in the binder (micro)viscosity, the material showed increased elastic behavior. In a well-connected analysis using special sections of neat and AR binders, (i) neat binder data were positioned in close proximity to the δ–age relationship within the pressure aging vessel (PAV) long-term aging zone, validating that the PAV method ostensibly used for neat binders is rational and represents 8 to 10 years of aging and 15 % cracking; and (ii) AR binder data were not near the laboratory δ–age relationship, indicative of the fact that the viscous component (δ) symbolizing the aging phenomenon altered at a slower rate for AR than for the neat binders. Although the overall findings represent limited AR data, this study has provided a fair understanding of the aging characteristics of the two different binders.
All-Terrain Vehicle–Related Nonfatal Injuries Among Young Riders in the United States, 2001–2010
Authors: Shults Ruth A. , West Bethany A. , Rudd Rose A. , Helmkamp James C. 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the numbers and rates of all-terrain vehicle (ATV)–related nonfatal injuries among riders aged ≤15 years treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States during 2001–2010.METHODS:National Electronic Injury Surveillance System–All Injury Program data for 2001–2010 were analyzed. Numbers and rates of injuries were examined by age group, gender, primary body part injured, diagnosis, and hospital admission status.RESULTS:During 2001–2010, an estimated 361 161 ATV riders aged ≤15 years were treated in EDs for ATV-related injuries. The injury rate peaked at 67 per 100 000 children in 2004 and then declined to 42 per 100 000 children by 2010. The annualized injury rate for boys was double that of girls (73 vs 37 per 100 000). Children aged 11 to 15 years accounted for two-thirds of all ED visits and hospitalizations. Fractures accounted for 28% of ED visits and 45% of hospitalizations.CONCLUSIONS:The reasons for the decline in ATV-related injuries among young riders are not well understood but might be related to the economic recession of the mid-2000s and decreased sales of new ATVs. Although many states have regulations governing children’s use of ATVs, their effectiveness in reducing injuries is unclear. Broader use of known effective safety measures, including prohibiting children aged ≤15 years from riding adult-sized ATVs, always wearing a helmet while riding, not riding on paved roads, and not riding as or carrying a passenger could additionally reduce ATV-related injuries among children. Last, more research to better understand ATV crash dynamics might lead to safer designs for ATVs.
Key Strategies in the Heat Management for Steamflooding Projects, Teca Field Application
Authors: Erika Margarita Trigos-Becerra , Silvis-Fernanda Rueda-Neira , Edwin Rodriguez-Paredes , Juan-Eduardo Rivera-de-la-Ossa , Naranjo-Suárez Carlos Eduardo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A number of publications (Valbuena, 2009; Haroun, 2008; Schoofs, 2010; Meshal, 2009) have shown the application and also the relevance of heat management in steamflooding projects. This concept is based on the understanding of the process phases and the identification of energy requirements at each phase, which leads to avoid the loss of energy. Based on field experience at Duri (Ziegler, 1993) and Kern River (Gael, 1994) is easy to recognize that the best strategy varies according to the particular characteristics of the reservoir.
In Colombia there are some reservoirs with presence of interbedded shale and a long history of steam cycles stimulation, thereby research using numerical simulation to determine the best scenarios for steam flooding implementation was conducted. A deep analysis taking into consideration, injection rate, well spacing, selective injection strings technology, partial interval completion as a strategy of delaying the steam breakthrough in the production well and finally, strategies of heat management such as periodic reduction of the injection rate and scheduled shutdown of injection well were evaluated.
The final results showed eight possible implementation scenarios that later will be compared from an economic perspective to identify the ideal scenario for field implementation. Simulation results showed that high injection rate (700 BWE/day-well) in patterns of 2.5 acres produced the highest incremental production, yielding an accumulation of about two million of oil barrels over a period of 10 years. Unfortunately, this production is associated with a high cumulative steam oil ratio (cSOR) near to 13. The best strategy to reduce cSOR was the periodic reduction of injection rate reaching a cSOR ratio of 11. The time of evaluation of the project was identified as one of the most influential parameters for the establishment of the heat management strategy.