bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NICTABA and UDA, two GlcNAc-binding lectins with unique antiviral activity profiles
Authors: Gordts Stephanie C. , Renders Marleen , Férir Geoffrey , Huskens Dana , Van Damme Els J. M. , Peumans Willy , Balzarini Jan , Schols Dominique 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the antiviral properties of a unique lectin (NICTABA) produced by the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum.

Methods
Cellular assays were used to investigate the antiviral activity of NICTABA and Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies were performed to study the sugar specificity and the interactions of both lectins with the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1.

Results
The N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc)-binding lectins exhibited broad-spectrum activity against several families of enveloped viruses including influenza A/B, Dengue virus type 2, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and HIV-1/2. The IC50 of NICTABA for various HIV-1 strains, clinical isolates and HIV-2 assessed in PBMCs ranged from 5 to 30 nM. Furthermore, NICTABA inhibited syncytium formation between persistently HIV-1-infected T cells and uninfected CD4+ T lymphocytes and prevented DC-SIGN-mediated HIV-1 transmission to CD4+ target T lymphocytes. However, unlike many other antiviral carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) described so far, NICTABA did not block HIV-1 capture to DC-SIGN+ cells and it did not interfere with the binding of the human monoclonal antibody 2G12 to gp120. SPR studies with HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins showed that the affinity of NICTABA for gp120 and gp41 was in the low nanomolar range. The specific binding of NICTABA to gp120 could be prevented in the presence of a GlcNAc trimer, but not in the presence of mannose trimers. NICTABA displayed no antiviral activity against non-enveloped viruses.

Conclusions
Since CBAs possess a high genetic barrier for the development of viral resistance and NICTABA shows a broad antiviral activity profile, this CBA may qualify as a potential antiviral candidate with a pleiotropic mode of action aimed at targeting the entry of enveloped viruses.
Corrosion protection of coatings doped with inhibitor-loaded nanocapsules
Authors: Khajouei Ahmad , Jamalizadeh Effat , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Ali 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper was to study the corrosion resistance of AA2024 alloy using surfactant-modified halloysite nanocapsules capable of holding benzotriazole (BTA) as the corrosion inhibitor and discharging it into the solution.Design/methodology/approach– The effect of surfactant shells was studied by surfactant-modified halloysite nanotubes fabricated through assembly of two types of cationic surfactants. The zeta potential and size distribution measurements were performed using a Zetasizer Nano. The concentration of BTA during release into the solution was detected by using a UV–vis spectrophotometer. The anti-corrosion activity of nanocapsules as free agents with respect to the AA2024 alloy was investigated using the potentiodynamic scan (PDS) method. An epoxy resin doped with nanocapsules was used as an anti-corrosion coating deposited on the AA2024 alloy. The corrosion protection performance of coatings was studied by using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method.Findings– The results indicate that the release of the inhibitor from nanocapsules depends on the surfactant shell components. The PDS results confirmed the feasibility of developing “smart” corrosion protection by inhibitor-loaded nanocapsules. The results of EIS measurements showed that the coating with the nanocapsules exhibited enhanced corrosion protection in comparison with the undoped coating.Originality/value– The findings of this paper indicate that surfactant-modified halloysite nanocapsules can be added to epoxy resin coatings to improve their corrosion protective properties for the AA2024 alloy.
An accelerated testing method for the evaluation of atmospheric corrosion resistance of weathering steels
Authors: Qian Yuhai , Xu Jingjun , Li Meishuan 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a laboratory accelerated periodic immersion wet/dry cyclic corrosion test, reflecting the alternate wet/dry process during the atmospheric exposure of metallic materials, which can be applied to evaluate the atmospheric corrosion resistance (ACR) of weathering steels in a very short period.

Design/methodology/approach
– This test method uses 0.01 M sodium bisulfite aqueous solution with pH 4.4 as the immersion medium, simulating the notable characteristics of sulfur dioxide pollutant in industrially polluted atmospheres. During the test process, the tested specimens are immersed into the solution for 12 minutes, immediately followed by the subsequent drying process for 48 minutes, and such alternate process consists of a cyclic period, i.e. 1 hour. As a result of this procedure, a relative corrosion rate is defined to determine the ACR. To determine a preferred test period, different test periods including 72 and 200 hours were compared.

Findings
– Compared with several other commonly used test methods, it was confirmed that the relative ACR of various steels can be determined after testing for only 72 hours. The constituent of the corrosion products, i.e. the rust layer, was consistent with that formed after long-term exposure in a typical outdoor atmospheric environment.

Originality/value
– The test method enables comparative testing for ranking the ACR of weathering steel during the development of new weathering steels.
Shaping gender inequalities: critical moments and critical places
Authors: Riano Yvonne , Limacher Katharina , Aschwanden André , Hirsig Sophie , Wastl-Walter Doris 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– There is much scientific interest in the connection between the emergence of gender-based inequalities and key biographical transition points of couples in long-term relationships. Little empirical research is available comparing the evolution of a couple’s respective professional careers over space and time. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to filling this gap by addressing the following questions: what are the critical biographical moments when gender (in)equalities within a relationship begin to arise and consolidate? Which biographical decisions precede and follow such critical moments? How does decision making at critical moments impact the opportunities of both relationship partners in gaining equal access to paid employment?Design/methodology/approach– These questions are addressed from the perspectives of intersectionality and economic citizenship. Biographical interviewing is used to collect the personal and professional narratives of Swiss-, bi-national and migrant couples. The case study of a Swiss-Norwegian couple illustrates typical processes by which many skilled migrant women end up absently or precariously employed.Findings– Analysis reveals that the Scandinavian woman’s migration to Switzerland is a primary and critical moment for emerging inequality, which is then reinforced by relocation (to a small town characterized by conservative gender values) and the subsequent births of their children. It is concluded that factors of traditional gender roles, ethnicity and age intersect to create a hierarchical situation which affords the male Swiss partner more weight in terms of decision making and career advancement.Practical implications– The paper’s findings are highly relevant to the formulation of policies regarding gender inequalities and the implementation of preventive programmes within this context.Originality/value– Little empirical research is available comparing the evolution of a couple’s respective professional careers over space and time. The originality of this paper is to fill this research gap; to include migration as a critical moment for gender inequalities; to use an intersectional and geographical perspective that have been given scant attention in the literature; to use the original concept of economic citizenship; and to examine the case of a bi-national couple, which has so far not been examined by the literature on couple relationships.
Recent developments in reflective cold protective clothing
Authors: Morrissey Matthew Patrick , Rossi René Michel 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present some new results about reflective cold protective clothing (i.e. those featuring metal coatings), and compare and contrast the data with other recent research work.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors used a thermal manikin and a guarded hot plate to determine the thermal resistance of different textile assemblies and garment featuring plasma-deposited metal-coated insulation and interlayers.

Findings
– Depending on the exact approach, the authors show that metal coatings can increase the thermal resistance of textile assemblies by ∼30-75 per cent.

Practical implications
– New data on reflective cold weather clothing show that metal coatings could be an important addition to cold weather clothing, especially those featuring high air permeability/optical porosity insulation. Plasma-deposited metal coatings cause the lowest increase in weight.

Originality/value
– This paper provides new data about the efficacy, in terms of thermal resistance, of metal coatings for cold weather clothing.
Light-emitting textile display with floats for electronics covering
Authors: Parkova Inese , Parkovs Ivars , Vilumsone Ausma 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– Flexible light-emitting textile display is designed with floats for electronic elements covering and electronic contacts insulation what at the same time provides an opportunity to develop aesthetic design of the display in the single piece construction of material. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Display consists of interwoven electrically conductive yarns, non-conductive yarns and SMD LEDs connected to conductive yarns. Industrial jacquard weaving machine have been used, weave patterns were designed in PC-Edit software.

Findings
– Weave can be used as a tool to build and evolve electrotextile. Exploring weaving techniques and perceiving electronic circuit as a weave pattern, new approaches can be developed in electrotextile design field.

Research limitations/implications
– Connections of electronic elements and conductive textile materials still is actual problem what should be explored in further research.

Practical implications
– Flexible light emitting textile display can be used as output interface integrated into communication clothing by representing different animated images directly on clothing. Display also can be used for accessories, room and auto interior etc. applications.

Originality/value
– Paper describes method of light source integration directly into textile structure, combining functional and visual design of textile display.
Investigating the sustainability of the Korean textile and fashion industry
Authors: Na Youngjoo , Na Dong Kyu 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– Fashion and textile industry has confronted to participate with the sustainable industry and society proactively not by the government regulations, but by the shareholders or consumers driven with corporate social responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to consider methods applied for the sustainability of products according to Korean domestic fashion and textile companies and clothing types and to investigate the limitation of current sustainability methods of companies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study used document analysis and case studies of 396 companies. The study looked into newspapers, monthly magazines, and publications of fashion companies and internet web sites of almost every possible type that have been issued to date and analyzed the previous studies as well.

Findings
– The companies’ strategies are of three groups, the uses of environmental friendly materials: 36.9 percent (natural fibers, recycled fibers and biodegradable fibers), apparel reuse: 4.5 percent (remodeling/alteration and transform/combination with more materials), and eco-marketing promotions: 58.6 percent. For women’s and casual wear section, the methods used with organic materials and the green-campaign messages appeared frequently, while in the men’s wear section, coolMapsi, 0or warm OnMapsi for business wear did a lot for the low indoor energy consumption, such as no neck-tie in the hot season or wearing underwear in the cold season.

Originality/value
– Fashion and textile products have provided the key solutions for the generation’s happiness, identity, value, self-realization, health and role. There have been the low quality and similarity of fashion products from mass production and high speed and we should consider sustainability for the next generation and society. But the current problem in the industry is that most of eco-product developments are only short term. Also, from the high cost of eco materials and processes, there is a limited portion of sustainability section among total products and low design quality of fashion or the low profit outcomes.
Market response to land auction events: a transaction volume approach
Authors: Chiu Shuk Man , Chau Kwong Wing , Yau Yung 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the response of transaction volume in Hong Kong’s housing market to public land auctions.Design/methodology/approach– An event study approach with the use of regression analyses was adopted for the empirical study.Findings– Fewer pre-event transactions in the secondary housing spot market come with greater dispersion in the pre-event forecasts of land auction outcomes. Unexpected auction outcomes were also found to minify the post-event transaction volume in the secondary housing spot market, with negative unexpected outcomes exerting a stronger downward force.Research limitations/implications– These findings are contrary to the empirical evidence commonly found in most financial literature on stock transaction volume around corporate earnings announcements with an assumption of negligible transaction costs. Imperfect market structure, differences in sellers’ and buyers’ characteristics and short-sale restriction may explain the disparity.Practical implications– Price in the secondary housing market is more sensitive to negative unexpected land auction outcomes. The analysis results of the current study attest that the impact exerted by the negative unexpected auction outcomes on transaction volume in the housing spot market is stronger than that of positive unexpected auction outcomes.Originality/value– Unlike price and return, transaction volume has not received substantial academic attention in property research. In particular, within the existing small body of transaction volume research, the impact of information events on trading activities has been largely ignored.
Interest plurality and institutional work
Authors: Crawford Brett , Branch John 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The institutional work literature has paid little attention to cognition and interests in the creation, maintenance, and disruption of institutions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the construct of interests as it relates to institutional work projects. The authors frame interests as recognitions situated within broader institutional meaning systems, with a specific focus on interest plurality.Design/methodology/approach– The authors conducted an 18-month ethnography exploring institutional work projects within a rural chamber of commerce. The authors aimed to understand how projects contributed to community survival on a micro-level and institutional change on a macro-level. Rural chambers of commerce represent a unique example of emergent public-private partnerships, challenging traditional commercial logics of chambers of commerce. The research design included qualitative data collection, coding, and analysis of field notes, interviews, and archival sources.Findings– Purposive action was grounded in the community inhabited by the rural chamber of commerce and not the institution itself. Recognized interests enabled nontraditional workers – public employees with newly founded and legitimate roles within the chamber – to pursue community-focussed projects. Change across the institution of chambers of commerce occurred because of the separated and aggregate projects spanning across rural communities.Originality/value– Recognized interests are a social, plural, and malleable phenomenon supporting situated agency and the co-creation activities embodied in institutional work projects. The authors contribute to the institutional work literature by introducing the idea of interest plurality and illustrating how the work of rural chambers of commerce captures contemporary forms of community organizing.
Space‐use behaviour of woodland caribou based on a cognitive movement model
Authors: Avgar Tal , Baker James A. , Brown Glen S. , Hagens Jevon S. , Kittle Andrew M. , Mallon Erin E. , McGreer Madeleine T. , Mosser Anna , Newmaster Steven G. , Patterson Brent R. , Reid Douglas E. B. , Rodgers Art R. , Shuter Jennifer , Street Garrett M. , Thompson Ian , Turetsky Merritt J. , Wiebe Philip A. , Fryxell John M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMovement patterns offer a rich source of information on animal behaviour and the ecological significance of landscape attributes. This is especially useful for species occupying remote landscapes where direct behavioural observations are limited. In this study, we fit a mechanistic model of animal cognition and movement toGPSpositional data of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou;Gmelin 1788) collected over a wide range of ecological conditions.The model explicitly tracks individual animal informational state over space and time, with resulting parameter estimates that have direct cognitive and ecological meaning. Three biotic landscape attributes were hypothesized to motivate caribou movement: forage abundance (dietary digestible biomass), wolf (Canis lupus; Linnaeus, 1758) density and moose (Alces alces; Linnaeus, 1758) habitat. Wolves are the main predator of caribou in this system and moose are their primary prey.Resulting parameter estimates clearly indicated that forage abundance is an important driver of caribou movement patterns, with predator and moose avoidance often having a strong effect, but not for all individuals. From the cognitive perspective, our results support the notion that caribou rely on limited sensory inputs from their surroundings, as well as on long‐term spatial memory, to make informed movement decisions. Our study demonstrates how sensory, memory and motion capacities may interact with ecological fitness covariates to influence movement decisions by free‐ranging animals.
Agricultural intensification and the functional capacity of soil microbes on smallholder African farms
Authors: Wood Stephen A. , Bradford Mark A. , Gilbert Jack A. , McGuire Krista L. , Palm Cheryl A. , Tully Katherine L. , Zhou Jizhong , Naeem Shahid 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Fertilization may impact ecosystem processes that sustain agriculture, such as nutrient cycling, by altering the composition of soil microbial communities that regulate such processes. These processes are crucial to low‐input, smallholder tropical agriculture, which supports 900 million of the world's poorest people. Yet little is known about how efforts to increase crop yield on such farms will affect the capacity of soil microbial communities to carry out ecosystem processes.

We studied the diversity and functional capacity of microbial communities on smallholder farms in western Kenya. We measured functional capacity as the abundance of functional genes involved in several components of nutrient cycling as well as catabolism of multiple carbon substrates; taxonomic diversity was measured using metagenomic sequencing. Diversity and functional capacity were measured on short‐term, experimental mineral fertilizer addition plots and on actively managed farms that have maintained for at least seven years a management strategy of low mineral fertilization, high mineral fertilization, or high fertilization combined with legume rotations.

Soil bacterial diversity decreased with mineral fertilizer addition, with a community shift towards taxa that thrive in high‐resource conditions. This taxonomic response did not correspond with decreased microbial functional capacity. Instead, functional capacity was increased, along with yields, when fertilizers were combined with legume rotations that add organic matter to soil.

Policy implications. Mineral fertilizer use is associated with lower soil microbial diversity on smallholder farms, but not associated with changes in microbial functional capacity. Functional capacity is highest, along with yields, when mineral fertilizers are paired with legume rotations. Our findings suggest that this type of agroforestry can be an important strategy for maintaining the long‐term functional capacity of soil microbes as well as increasing crop yields on smallholder farms. These observations support proposals to achieve long‐term food production targets in sub‐Saharan Africa by combining mineral fertilizers with organic inputs.
Generation of a CRISPR database for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex and role of CRISPR‐based immunity in conjugation
Authors: Koskela Katja A. , Mattinen Laura , Kalin‐Mänttäri Laura , Vergnaud Gilles , Gorgé Olivier , Nikkari Simo , Skurnik Mikael 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat – CRISPR‐associated genes (CRISPR‐Cas) system is used by bacteria and archaea against invading conjugative plasmids or bacteriophages. Central to this immunity system are genomic CRISPR loci that contain fragments of invading DNA. These are maintained as spacers in the CRISPR loci between direct repeats and the spacer composition in any bacterium reflects its evolutionary history. We analysed the CRISPR locus sequences of 335 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex strains. Altogether 1902 different spacer sequences were identified and these were used to generate a database for the spacer sequences. Only ∼10% of the spacer sequences found matching sequences. In addition, surprisingly few spacers were shared by Yersinia pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains. Interestingly, 32 different protospacers were present in the conjugative plasmid pYptb32953. The corresponding spacers were identified from 35 different Y. pseudotuberculosis strains indicating that these strains had encountered pYptb32953 earlier. In conjugation experiments, pYptb32953‐specific spacers generally prevented conjugation with spacer‐positive and spacer‐free strains. However, some strains with one to four spacers were invaded by pYptb32953 and some spacer‐free strains were fully resistant. Also some spacer‐positive strains were intermediate resistant to conjugation. This suggests that one or more other defence systems are determining conjugation efficiency independent of the CRISPR‐Cas system.