bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Molecular Dispenser of Chloride
Authors: Alibrandi Giuseppe , Amendola Valeria , Bergamaschi Greta , Dollenz Riccardo , Fabbrizzi Luigi , Licchelli Maurizio , Lo Vecchio Carmelo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe combined activity of the 1.1.1‐cryptand and of a dicopper(II) bistren cryptate complex including chloride makes the Cl− ion be continuously and slowly delivered to the solution, without any external intervention. The 1.1.1‐cryptand slowly releases OH− ions, according to a defined kinetics, and each OH− ion displaces a Cl− ion from the cryptate. Chloride displacement induces a sharp colour change from bright yellow to aquamarine and can be conveniently monitored spectrophotometrically, even in diluted solutions. The 1.1.1‐cryptand is the motor of a molecular dispenser (the dicopper(II) cryptate) delivering chloride ion automatically, from the inside of the solution.
Ionization of Atoms by Attosecond Pulses
Authors: Gets A.V. , Krainov V.P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIonization of atoms by ultrashort one‐cycle electromagnetic pulses is considered. First‐order time‐dependent perturbation theory for derivation of ionization probability by pulses with various field profiles is used. Numerical calculations for hydrogen and xenon atoms are done. Strong field‐phase dependence of ionization probability is shown. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The toxicity of a ternary biocide mixture to two consecutive earthworm (Eisenia fetida) generations
Authors: Schnug Lisbeth , Jakob Lena , Hartnik Thomas 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the toxicity of a mixture containing the biocides picoxystrobin, esfenvalerate, and triclosan to the reproduction and adult survival of two consecutive generations of Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). Concentration addition and independent action were used to predict mixture toxicity. Due to degradation of mixture components during the course of the experiment, predictions were based both on the mixture composition at the beginning and the end of the exposure period. As degradations were dose–dependent, none of the calculated predictions were precise for the entire concentration range, although combining both predictions led us to conclude that lethal toxicity was well predicted by concentration addition and sublethal toxicity by independent action. Reproduction of the F1 generation was inhibited more (p &lt; 0.0001) than reproduction of the F0 generation. Adult survival did not differ between generations. The accuracy of the mixture toxicity predictions thus depended on both the time-dependent mixture composition and the earthworm generation. The results of this study underline the need for more advanced mixture toxicity prediction models that consider degradation kinetics and changes in toxic effects over time. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:937–947. © 2013 SETAC
A Genome‐Wide Association Study for Serum Bilirubin Levels and Gene‐Environment Interaction in a Chinese Population
Authors: Dai Xiayun , Wu Chen , He Yunfeng , Gui Lixuan , Zhou Li , Guo Huan , Yuan Jing , Yang Binyao , Li Jun , Deng Qifei , Huang Suli , Guan Lei , Hu Die , Zhu Jiang , Min Xinwen , Lang Mingjian , Li Dongfeng , Yang Handong , Hu Frank B. , Lin Dongxin , Wu Tangchun , He Meian 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBilirubin is an effective antioxidant and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci affecting serum total bilirubin levels. However, most of the studies were conducted in European populations and little attention has been devoted either to genetic variants associated with direct and indirect bilirubin levels or to the gene‐environment interactions on bilirubin levels. In this study, a two‐stage GWAS was performed to identify genetic variants associated with all types of bilirubin levels in 10,282 Han Chinese individuals. Gene‐environment interactions were further examined. Briefly, two previously reported loci, UGT1A1 on 2q37 (rs6742078 and rs4148323, combined P = 1.44 × 10−89 and P = 5.05 × 10−69, respectively) and SLCO1B3 on 12p12 (rs2417940, combined P = 6.93 × 10−19) were successfully replicated. The two loci explained 9.2% and 0.9% of the total variations of total bilirubin levels, respectively. Ethnic genetic differences were observed between Chinese and European populations. More importantly, a significant interaction was found between rs2417940 in SLCO1B3 gene and smoking on total bilirubin levels (P = 1.99 × 10−3). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2417940 had stronger effects on total bilirubin levels in nonsmokers than in smokers, suggesting that the effects of SLCO1B3 genotype on bilirubin levels were partly dependent on smoking status. Consistent associations and interactions were observed for serum direct and indirect bilirubin levels.
Comparison study of differential transform method with finite difference method for magnetoconvection in a vertical channel
Authors: Umavathi J.C. , Ravi Kanth A.S.V. , Shekar M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this paper, coupled nonlinear equations governing the flow for magnetoconvection in a vertical channel for open and short circuits are solved. The calculations are carried out by using differential transformation method (DTM) which is a semi‐numerical–analytical solution technique. By using DTM, the nonlinear constrained governing equations are reduced to recurrence relations and related initial conditions are transformed into a set of algebraic equations. The principle of differential transformation is briefly introduced, and then applied for the aforementioned problems. The current results are then compared with those derived from the finite difference method (FDM) and perturbation method (PM) in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. The findings reveal that the DTM can achieve more suitable results in predicting the solution of such problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21035
“I'm Riskin' It”: Teachers Take On Consumerism
Authors: Harste Jerome C. , Albers Peggy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis qualitative study investigates how 90 teachers explored critical curriculum through their reading, analysis and creation of counter advertisements. Located in visual discourse analysis, we designed a study to investigate the question “To what extent can teachers engaged in a critical literacy curriculum talk back to messages of consumerism, especially through construction of counter ads? More specifically, we wanted to know: What messages do teachers talk back to when they read and analyze advertisements? How do they critically repackage their advertisement through counter ads they create? and What do teachers' interpretations of advertisements and their counter ads offer educators as insight for creating curriculum?We found that teachers did develop a language of critique for visual and written messages of consumerism, and found that knowing how to analyze visual texts enabled them to understand how to integrate this work into their own critical literacy curriculum.
“Untold Stories to Tell”: Making Space For The Voices of Youth Songwriters
Authors: Williams Wendy R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article shares findings from case studies of two eighteen‐year‐old songwriters, Bradley and James. The study investigated songwriter motivation, writing methods, and school experiences. Data was collected over the course of one year through two in‐depth interviews per songwriter, two teacher interviews, and 101 songwriting artifacts. Grounded theory and constant comparison methods were used during data analysis. This study found that Bradley's and James's music emphasizes acceptance of others and critical engagement with social issues. They see songwriting as a masculine alternative to journaling, and they have strong preferences regarding their writing tools, time, and spaces. Additionally, these songwriters prefer to write one line at a time, to skip pre‐writing, and to have a choice of topic—preferences that sometimes conflicted with their school experiences. This article concludes by offering suggestions for supporting songwriting in school.
Rhetorical Reading as a Gateway to Disciplinary Literacy
Authors: Warren James E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article shares findings from case studies of two eighteen‐year‐old songwriters, Bradley and James. The study investigated songwriter motivation, writing methods, and school experiences. Data was collected over the course of one year through two in‐depth interviews per songwriter, two teacher interviews, and 101 songwriting artifacts. Grounded theory and constant comparison methods were used during data analysis. This study found that Bradley's and James's music emphasizes acceptance of others and critical engagement with social issues. They see songwriting as a masculine alternative to journaling, and they have strong preferences regarding their writing tools, time, and spaces. Additionally, these songwriters prefer to write one line at a time, to skip pre‐writing, and to have a choice of topic—preferences that sometimes conflicted with their school experiences. This article concludes by offering suggestions for supporting songwriting in school.
Content Area Reading and Disciplinary Literacy: A Case for The Radical Center
Authors: Brozo William G. , Moorman Gary , Meyer Carla , Stewart Trevor 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWithin the past few years literacy scholars have begun voicing serious doubts on theoretical and practical grounds about the efficacy of the longstanding notion that every teacher is a teacher of reading. In this commentary, we add our voices to the conversation around content area literacy as well as offer our perspectives on the recent calls for alternative practices grounded in disciplinary literacy. We conclude by advocating compromise based on honest, intelligent dialogue between literacy specialists and content area teachers.
Promised Land?: English Learners Seeking Refuge at Lafayette High School
Authors: Cerre Naomi , Alsace Tamara , Gilmartin Jessica 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis “water cooler” column features email conversations—as well as report excerpts—among principal Naomi Cerre, teacher Jessica Gilmartin, and Tamara Alsace, Director of Multilingual Education Department of Buffalo City School District (BCSD), Buffalo, New York. Principal Cerre is the leader at Lafayette High School, where 70% of its student population speaks a first language that is not English, resulting in an opulent linguistic school community of approximately 41 languages. Naomi began the conversation, noting her pride and vision for being the leader of a high school labeled persistently low achieving.
Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow quantification by phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Koerte Inga , Haberl Caroline , Schmidt Michael , Pomschar Andreas , Lee Sang , Rapp Petra , Steffinger Denise , Tain Rong‐Wen , Alperin Noam , Ertl‐Wagner Birgit 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:To evaluate the intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of the quantification of blood and CSF flow rates by phase contrast MRI.Materials and Methods:Blood and CSF flows in the upper cervical region were imaged with velocity‐encoded cine‐phase contrast using 3T scanners from different manufacturers at two centers. Data of 6 subjects scanned in center A and of 5 subjects in center B were analyzed by six readers at two levels of training. Each data set was analyzed three times in a randomized order for a total of 33 data sets. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for the primary measurements of areas and flow rates through the main cervical arteries, veins and the CSF space, and for secondary parameters derived from the individual flow rates.Results:ICC ranged from 0.80 to 0.96 for the lumen area and from 0.97 to 0.99 for the volumetric flow rate. The ICC for the derived secondary measures ranged from 0.85 to 0.99. Differences due to operator level of training were not statistically significant.Conclusion:High intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of volumetric flow rate measurements is currently achievable across manufacturers and users' skill levels with a pulsatility based automated lumen segmentation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:655–662. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multicenter, intra‐individual comparison of single dose gadobenate dimeglumine and double dose gadopentetate dimeglumine for MR angiography of the peripheral arteries (the Peripheral VALUE Study)
Authors: Wang Jian , Yan Fuhua , Liu Jianyu , Lu Jianping , Li Dan , Luan Jingyuan , Wang Xiaoying , Li Yuan , Iezzi Roberto , De Cobelli Francesco 
Published: January 2013

PurposeTo prospectively compare single dose gadobenate dimeglumine with double dose gadopentetate dimeglumine for CE‐MRA in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) using an intra‐individual crossover study design in which all patients received both contrast agents in otherwise identical CE‐MRA examinations.Materials and MethodsInstitutional review board and regulatory approval were granted and all patients provided written informed consent. Sixty‐eight patients (53M/15F; 62.4 ± 15.7 years) with mild‐to‐severe PAOD were enrolled for randomized 3‐station CE‐MRA with 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine and 0.2 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine. Three blinded readers assessed images for vessel anatomical delineation, disease detection/exclusion, and global preference. Diagnostic performance for detection of ≥51% stenosis was determined for 53 patients who underwent DSA. Noninferiority was assessed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank, McNemar, and Wald tests. Quantitative enhancement was compared.ResultsNo differences (P ≥ 0.25) were noted for any qualitative parameter at any station. Equivalence was reported in at least 62/64 patients (93.8% 3‐reader agreement) for diagnostic preference. Superiority for gadobenate dimeglumine was reported by all readers for diagnostic performance (sensitivity: 80.4–88.0% versus 75.2–85.8%; specificity: 89.8–96.0% versus 88.7–94.8%; accuracy: 87.4–91.7% versus 84.9–90.6%; PPV: 84.0–92.8% versus 82.3–90.8%; NPV: 88.5–92.4% versus 85.7–91.1%). Quantitative enhancement was similar in the pelvis but significantly (P < 0.05) greater with gadobenate dimeglumine in the thigh for two readers.ConclusionImage quality and diagnostic performance on peripheral CE‐MRA with 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine is at least equivalent to that with 0.2 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:926–937. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of gadoxetate arterial phase capture with a high spatio‐temporal resolution multiphase three‐dimensional SPGR‐dixon sequence
Authors: Hope Thomas A. , Saranathan Manojkumar , Petkovska Iva , Hargreaves Brian A. , Herfkens Robert J. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: January 2013

PurposeTo determine whether a multiphase method with high spatiotemporal resolution (STR) by means of a combination of parallel imaging, pseudorandom sampling and temporal view sharing improves the capture and intensity of gadoxetate arterial phase images as well as lesion enhancement.Materials and MethodsThirty‐seven patients were imaged with a conventional spoiled gradient echo acquisition and 48 with a high STR multiphase acquisition after the administration of gadoxetate. Arterial phase capture, image quality, and quality of fat suppression were qualitatively graded. Fourteen lesions in the conventional group and 28 in the high STR multiphase group were imaged, including 34 focal nodular hyperplasias. The ratio of lesion to parenchyma enhancement as well as relative hepatic artery enhancement were calculated. Chi‐squared, Mann‐Whitney U and student t‐tests were used to compare differences.ResultsThe high STR multiphase acquisition included the arterial phase more frequently than conventional acquisitions (P < 0.001), with the arterial phase missed in 17% (95% CI of 4–28%) of patients with conventional acquisition compared with 2% (95% CI of 0–6%) with the high STR multiphase acquisition. There was no loss of image quality or degree of fat saturation. Additionally, there was increased relative intensity of the hepatic arteries (P < 0.001) as well as lesion enhancement (P = 0.01).ConclusionThe high STR multiphase acquisition resulted in more reliable gadoxetate arterial phase capture compared with a conventional acquisition while preserving image quality with robust fat saturation J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:938–945. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MR elastography of the human abdominal aorta: A preliminary study
Authors: Xu Lei , Chen Jun , Glaser Kevin J. , Yin Meng , Rossman Phillip J. , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: January 2013

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of using MR elastography (MRE) for the evaluation of the stiffness of in vivo aortic wall.Materials and MethodsTo validate the experimental approach for imaging the aorta in vivo, a gel phantom with an embedded porcine aorta was imaged in the presence of fluid flow within the aorta. The potential changes in the elasticity of the vessel wall with changes in pressure were investigated. The feasibility of performing MRE of abdominal aorta was assessed in five volunteers (age, 22–40 years; body mass index, 21.5–25.2 kg/m2). The pulse‐gated cine MRE technique was used to study the wave propagation along the aorta throughout the cardiac cycle and provide estimates of aortic stiffness in diastole.ResultsIn the phantom study, the wave propagation was well visualized within the porcine aorta embedded in the gel phantom. An increase of the Young's modulus‐wall thickness (E*t) product with the increase in static pressure was observed. In the in vivo study, the waves were well visualized within the lumen of abdominal aorta in the five volunteers in diastolic phase, but they were not well visualized during systole.ConclusionMRE is feasible for noninvasively assessing the stiffness of the abdominal aorta and merits further investigation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1549–1553. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of etravirine resistance in clinical samples by a simple phenotypic Test
Authors: Agneskog Eva , Nowak Piotr , Källander Clas F.R. , Sönnerborg Anders 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDrug resistance testing is an important tool in the management of HIV‐1 infection. As access to genotypic resistance assays is limited in low‐ and middle‐income settings, alternatives are warranted. The aim of the study was to adapt a phenotypic drug susceptibility assay, ExaVir Drug, for detection of resistance to the second generation non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) etravirine (ETR). Five NNRTI resistant mutant forms of RT were produced (L100I, K103N, L100I/K103N, Y181C, V179D) in order to validate the assay for ETR. Furthermore, HIV‐1 RT was purified from plasma samples (n = 28) obtained from treatment naïve and experienced HIV‐1 infected patients, and ETR drug susceptibility (IC50) was estimated. The direct sequencing of thepolgene was performed. The recombinant RT mutants had the expected changes in drug sensitivity patterns. The RTs isolated from plasma of therapy naïve individuals showed low IC50for ETR. In the plasma virus from treatment experienced patients with Y181C, A98G, V108I, and/or K101E mutations in thepolgene, higher IC50values were found in line with reduced susceptibility data for ETR. This study demonstrates that ExaVir® Drug, a simple enzymatic phenotypic assay, can be used for detection of ETR resistance, including cross‐resistance to other NNRTIs, in clinical samples. A further evaluation is needed to define clinical cut‐offs; however the assay is an alternative to more costly HIV drug resistance tests, especially in low‐income countries. J. Med. Virol. 85:703–708, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid molecular diagnosis of measles virus infection in an epidemic setting
Authors: Michel Yanne , Saloum Kenda , Tournier Claire , Quinet Béatrice , Lassel Ludovic , Pérignon Alice , Grimprel Emmanuel , Carbajal Ricardo , Vabret Astrid , Freymuth François , Garbarg‐Chenon Antoine , Schnuriger Aurélie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDuring the 2011 measles outbreak in Paris (France), patients with clinical suspicion of measles were tested for virological confirmation of measles virus (MV) infection. To assess the practical value of molecular diagnosis in an epidemic setting, 171 oral fluid samples and 235 serum samples collected from 270 patients were tested prospectively for MV‐RNA using a novel one‐step real‐time RT‐PCR assay including an internal control. Serum samples were also tested for MV‐specific IgG and IgM antibodies. MV infection was confirmed by detection of MV‐RNA and/or MV‐IgM for 229 of the 270 patients. The results for the 102 cases with both serum and oral fluid samples available were used to compare the techniques. The detection rate of MV‐RNA by RT‐PCR was 98% (100/102) for oral fluid and 95% (97/102) for serum samples. The detection rate of MV‐IgM was 85% (87/102). Negative MV‐IgM results were observed mostly for serum samples collected early after the onset of the rash. A MV‐RNA standard of known concentration obtained by in vitro transcription was used to quantify MV‐RNA in samples. MV‐RNA copy numbers were significantly higher in oral fluid than in serum samples, but did not correlate with time of sampling (within 1 week after the onset of the rash), patient age, or vaccination status. During the early stage of infection, the MV‐RNA viral load in serum was lower in patients positive than in those negative for MV‐IgG. In conclusion, the one‐step real‐time RT‐PCR assay is a simple and sensitive tool suitable for MV diagnosis within hours. J. Med. Virol. 85:723–730, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence and associated clinical characteristics of hepatitis B, C, and HIV infections among injecting drug users in Korea
Authors: Min Jung‐Ah , Yoon Yeongsil , Lee Hyeok Jin , Choi Jihye , Kwon Min , Kim Kisang , Lee Chang‐Uk , Kim Dai‐Jin , Yun Haesun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInjecting drug use is associated with an increased risk of blood‐borne viral infections, such as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, their prevalence, virological characteristics, and associated factors are not clear among the injecting drug users in Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infection, as well as their virological and clinical characteristics of injecting drug users in South Korea. Between 2007 and 2010, 318 injecting drug users (89.3% male; mean ± age 41.9 ± 8.15 years) were participated. While HIV infection was not found, the seroprevalence of anti‐HCV and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was 48.4% (n = 154) and 6.6% (n = 21), respectively. HBV/HCV co‐infection was found in 4.1% (n = 13). Occult HBV infection was suggested in 5.0% (n = 16). Among the HCV genotypes, 1b (37.7%) and 2a/2c (35.7%) were mostly often detected. HCV RNA was detected in 98.1% (n = 151/154) and high‐level viremia (HCV RNA level, ≥400,000 IU/ml) were observed in 59.6% (n = 90/151). In multiple logistic regression analysis, old age (OR 1.18 per year, 95% CI = 1.09–1.27) and ever‐sharing injecting equipment (OR 4.17, 95% CI = 1.39–12.45) independently predicted HCV mono‐infection. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection were high but largely undiagnosed in the present sample of Korean injecting drug users. Strategic prevention, screening, and treatment are needed to reduce further transmission and morbidity. J. Med. Virol. 85:575–582, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.