bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fair trade consumption from the perspective of US Baby Boomers
Authors: Benson Ebony , Y. Hiller Connell Kim 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to expand the knowledge base of Baby Boomers’ attitudes, behaviours and perceived barriers related to fair trade purchasing.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study included 168 Baby Boomers. Data were collected through an online questionnaire. Data analysis included a combination of both quantitative (descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and correlation analysis) and qualitative techniques.

Findings
– Findings indicated that the participants exhibited positive attitudes towards fair trade but were minimally engaged in fair trade purchasing. Furthermore, the participants perceived numerous barriers to purchasing fair trade products including the incompatibility of fair trade merchandise with lifestyles, the inability to touch and see fair trade products prior to purchase and difficulty in identifying fair trade items.

Research limitations/implications
– A limitation of this study is that the sample was well-educated university faculty and it is not representative of all Baby Boomers.

Practical implications
– Fair trade entities need to be more effective in marketing the advantages of the fair trade. Fair trade organizations should consider targeting marketing strategies specific to the unique demographic and psychographic characteristics of Baby Boomer consumers.

Originality/value
– This research expands understanding of the consumer behaviours of US Baby Boomers related to fair trade. An additional contribution is the comparison of differences in fair trade knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Early vs Late Baby Boomers. It also has potentially important implications for fair trade organizations, as the paper discusses marketing strategies specific to Baby Boomers.
The mediating role of trust to managers on the relationship between corporate reputation practices and employees’ course of actions to customers
Authors: Erkmen Turhan , Esen Emel 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine the role of trust to managers on the relationship between corporate reputation practices and employees’ course of actions to customers in airline sector.Design/methodology/approach– A research questionnaire which measures corporate reputation, trust to managers and employees’ course of actions to customers was designed by the researchers. Three hundred forty-three employees who are working in nine different companies in an airline sector have participated in the research.Findings– According to the results of the study, corporate reputation practices and trust to managers have an effect on employees’ course of actions to customers; also trust to managers does not have any mediating role between these variables.Research limitations/implications– As this study is conducted in airline companies, we cannot generalize the results to the companies in other sectors. In addition, during the application of questionnaires, some participants found the questionnaire too long and they withdrew. This yielded to a lower participation rate.Practical implications– The findings of the study may get the board of directors’ or managers’ attention to the point that they should become aware of the importance of corporate reputation, corporate social responsibility, employees’ behaviors and trust in their organizations.Originality/value– This study aims to make several contributions to the marketing and management literature. Firstly, it extends the recent marketing and management literature on corporate reputation by examining trust to managers and employees’ behaviors.
Gesture–speech integration in children with specific language impairment
Authors: Mainela‐Arnold Elina , Alibali Martha W. , Hostetter Autumn B. , Evans Julia L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research suggests that speakers are especially likely to produce manual communicative gestures when they have relative ease in thinking about the spatial elements of what they are describing, paired with relative difficulty organizing those elements into appropriate spoken language. Children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit poor expressive language abilities together with within‐normal‐range nonverbal IQs.AimsThis study investigated whether weak spoken language abilities in children with SLI influence their reliance on gestures to express information. We hypothesized that these children would rely on communicative gestures to express information more often than their age‐matched typically developing (TD) peers, and that they would sometimes express information in gestures that they do not express in the accompanying speech.Methods & ProceduresParticipants were 15 children with SLI (aged 5;6–10;0) and 18 age‐matched TD controls. Children viewed a wordless cartoon and retold the story to a listener unfamiliar with the story. Children's gestures were identified and coded for meaning using a previously established system. Speech–gesture combinations were coded as redundant if the information conveyed in speech and gesture was the same, and non‐redundant if the information conveyed in speech was different from the information conveyed in gesture.Outcomes & ResultsChildren with SLI produced more gestures than children in the TD group; however, the likelihood that speech–gesture combinations were non‐redundant did not differ significantly across the SLI and TD groups. In both groups, younger children were significantly more likely to produce non‐redundant speech–gesture combinations than older children.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe gesture–speech integration system functions similarly in children with SLI and TD, but children with SLI rely more on gesture to help formulate, conceptualize or express the messages they want to convey. This provides motivation for future research examining whether interventions focusing on increasing manual gesture use facilitate language and communication in children with SLI.
Host‐dependent differences in abundance, composition and host range of cyanophages from the Red Sea
Authors: Dekel‐Bird Naama P. , Sabehi Gazalah , Mosevitzky Bar , Lindell Debbie 
Published: July 2014

SummaryCyanobacteria coexist in the oceans with a wealth of phages that infect them. While numerous studies have investigated Synechococcus phages, much less data are available for Prochlorococcus phages. Furthermore, little is known about cyanophage composition. Here, we examined the abundance and relative composition of cyanophages on six cyanobacterial hosts in samples collected during spring and summer from the Red Sea. Maximal abundances found on Synechococcus of 35 000 phages/ml are within ranges found previously, whereas the 24 000 phages/ml found on Prochlorococcus are approximately 10‐fold higher than previous findings. T7‐like, T4‐like and ‘unknown’ phages were isolated on all hosts, including many T4‐like phages on high‐light adapted Prochlorococcus strains, whereas TIM5‐like phages were found only on Synechococcus. Large differences in cyanophage abundance and composition were found for different hosts on the same sampling date, as well as for the same host on different dates, with few predictable patterns discerned. Host range analyses showed that T7‐like and TIM5‐like phages were quite host‐specific, whereas the breadth of hosts for T4‐like phages was related to host type: those isolated on high‐light adapted Prochlorococcus were considerably more host‐specific than those on low‐light adapted Prochlorococcus or Synechococcus. These host‐related differences likely contribute to the complexity of host–phage interactions in the oceans.
The efficacy, safety and acceptability of medical termination of pregnancy provided by standard care by doctors or by nurse‐midwives: a randomised controlled equivalence trial
Authors: Kopp Kallner H , Gomperts R , Salomonsson E , Johansson M , Marions L , Gemzell‐Danielsson K 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo assess nurse‐midwife provision of early medical termination of pregnancy (TOP) in a high‐resource setting where ultrasound examination for dating of pregnancy is part of the protocol.DesignRandomised controlled equivalence trial.SettingOut‐patient family planning unit at a university hospital.PopulationWomen seeking early medical TOP.MethodsA total of 1180 women were randomised, without any prior examination, to counselling, examination, and treatment by either nurse‐midwife or gynaecologist. Ultrasound was performed in all cases by the allocated provider.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was efficacy, defined as the successful completion of TOP without need for vacuum aspiration. Secondary outcomes were safety, defined as need for hospitalisation or blood transfusion, and acceptability, defined as preferred provider were the women to have a medical TOP in the future.ResultsA total of 481 women in the nurse‐midwife group and 457 women in the doctor group were available for the final analysis. The effectiveness of provision of medical TOP by nurse‐midwife providers was superior to that provided by doctors (risk difference 1.6%, 95% confidence interval 0.2–3.0%, which was within the set margin of equivalence). There were no significant differences in safety parameters. Women examined and counselled by a nurse‐midwife were significantly more likely (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.308–0.394) to prefer seeing a nurse‐midwife for the consultation were they to have another medical TOP in the future.ConclusionsThese findings show that nurse‐midwife provision of early medical TOP in a high‐resource setting, where ultrasound is part of the protocol, is effective, and can be safely implemented with high acceptability among women.
Effectiveness of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Investigate Cattle Rustling
Authors: Fernández María E. , Rogberg‐Muñoz Andrés , Lirón Juan P. , Goszczynski Daniel E. , Ripoli María V. , Carino Mónica H. , Peral‐García Pilar , Giovambattista Guillermo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractShort tandem repeats (STR)s have been the eligible markers for forensic animal genetics, despite single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s became acceptable. The technology, the type, and amount of markers could limit the investigation in degraded forensic samples. The performance of a 32‐SNP panel genotyped through OpenArraysTM (real‐time PCR based) was evaluated to resolve cattle‐specific forensic cases. DNA from different biological sources was used, including samples from an alleged instance of cattle rustling. SNPs and STRs performance and repeatability were compared. SNP call rate was variable among sample type (average = 80.18%), while forensic samples showed the lowest value (70.94%). The repeatability obtained (98.7%) supports the used technology. SNPs had better call rates than STRs in 12 of 20 casework samples, while forensic index values were similar for both panels. In conclusion, the 32‐SNPs used are as informative as the standard bovine STR battery and hence are suitable to resolve cattle rustling investigations.
Review article: Maxillofacial emergencies: Dentoalveolar and temporomandibular joint trauma
Authors: DeAngelis Adrian F , Barrowman Roland A , Harrod Richard , Nastri Alf L 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDentoalveolar trauma and dislocations of the temporomandibular joint are common reasons for patients to present to EDs in Australia. The majority of medical practitioners receive very little formal training in the management of these injuries and might not have ready access to dental services out of hours for advice. This article focuses on the emergency assessment, triage and non‐specialist management of dentoalveolar trauma and injuries to the temporomandibular joint.
Extended longevity and robust early‐stage development of Caenorhabditis elegans by a soil microbe, Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Authors: Go Junhyeok , Lee Kang‐Mu , Park Yongjin , Yoon Sang Sun 
Published: July 2014

SummaryCaenorhabditis elegans, originally isolated from soil, is a nematode used in various fields of biological research including host–microbe interaction. While bacterial pathogens responsible for human infections have been actively studied in C. elegans, very few bacterial species that provide beneficial effects on C. elegans have been reported. Here, we tested several bacterial soil isolates and then characterized the effects of Lysinibacillus sphaericus on C. elegans growth‐related phenotypes. Worms fed with L. sphaericus lived significantly longer than those growing with typical Escherichia coli OP50. Early‐ and juvenile‐stage growth was also highly stimulated by L. sphaericus; body size at 28 h post‐hatching was > 2 times larger than OP50‐fed worms and L. sphaericus‐fed worms moved through the larval stage development more rapidly than control worms. In addition, significantly elevated fertilization was observed in worms fed with L. sphaericus (∼ 8 h faster than the control group). Furthermore, growth with L. sphaericus resulted in the production of larger numbers of progeny than the control growth with OP50. Worms grown with L. sphaericus were highly resistant to oxidative, osmotic and infection stresses. Together, our results reveal a novel mode of growth that involves healthy ageing of nematodes.
agTrend: A Bayesian approach for estimating trends of aggregated abundance
Authors: Johnson Devin S. , Fritz Lowell 
Published: July 2014

Summary

We describe a method and open source R package agTrend for analysing regional trends of abundance from sites with uneven sample schedules over space and time.

The method uses a hierarchical model to augment missing abundance measurements, while accounting for survey methodology changes and variability due to survey replication. A zero‐inflated log‐normal distribution is used to model abundance (normalized for methodology changes) and a log‐normal distribution to model the observed abundance conditional on the true normalized abundance.

The proposed method and software are demonstrated with an analysis of regional abundance index trends of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska.

The package will be of most use to ecologists and resource managers interested in estimating regional trends of abundance surveys aggregated over several sites when sites have not been surveyed at concurrent times and hence regional abundance measurements cannot be directly calculated.
Variants of the IL‐10 gene associate with muscle strength in elderly from rural Africa: a candidate gene study
Authors: Beenakker Karel G. M. , Koopman Jacob J. E. , van Bodegom David , Kuningas Maris , Slagboom Pieternella E. , Meij Johannes J. , Maier Andrea B. , Westendorp Rudi G. J. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryRecently, it has been shown that the capacity of the innate immune system to produce cytokines relates to skeletal muscle mass and strength in older persons. The interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) gene regulates the production capacities of IL‐10 and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). In rural Ghana, IL‐10 gene variants associated with different production capacities of IL‐10 and TNF‐α are enriched compared with Caucasian populations. In this setting, we explored the association between these gene variants and muscle strength. Among 554 Ghanaians aged 50 years and older, we determined 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL‐10 gene, production capacities of IL‐10 and TNF‐α in whole blood upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and handgrip strength as a proxy for skeletal muscle strength. We distinguished pro‐inflammatory haplotypes associated with low IL‐10 production capacity and anti‐inflammatory haplotypes with high IL‐10 production capacity. We found that distinct haplotypes of the IL‐10 gene associated with handgrip strength. A pro‐inflammatory haplotype with a population frequency of 43.2% was associated with higher handgrip strength (P = 0.015). An anti‐inflammatory haplotype with a population frequency of 7.9% was associated with lower handgrip strength (P = 0.006). In conclusion, variants of the IL‐10 gene contributing to a pro‐inflammatory cytokine response associate with higher muscle strength, whereas those with anti‐inflammatory response associate with lower muscle strength. Future research needs to elucidate whether these effects of variation in the IL‐10 gene are exerted directly through its role in the repair of muscle tissue or indirectly through its role in the defence against infectious diseases.
A randomized clinical trial of a financial education intervention with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for low socio‐economic status Australian smokers: a study protocol
Authors: Courtney Ryan J. , Bradford Deborah , Martire Kristy A. , Bonevski Billie , Borland Ron , Doran Christopher , Hall Wayne , Farrell Michael , Siahpush Mohammad , Sanson‐Fisher Rob , West Robert , Mattick Richard P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsReducing smoking prevalence among smokers from low socio‐economic status (SES) is a preventative health priority. Financial stress (e.g. shortage of money or inability to pay bills) may be a major barrier to quitting smoking. This study evaluates the efficacy of a financial education and support programme coupled with pharmacotherapy at improving cessation rates at 8‐month follow‐up among Australian low SES smokers (people receiving a government pension or allowance).DesignA two‐group parallel block randomized (ratio 1 : 1) open‐label clinical trial (RCT) with allocation concealment will be conducted. Allocation will be concealed to interviewers at data collection‐points.SettingThe study will be conducted primarily by telephone with baseline, follow‐up interviews and telephone‐based support sessions. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) delivery will be mail‐based.ParticipantsDaily smokers who are interested in quitting smoking and are currently in receipt of government benefits (n = 1046) will be recruited through study advertisements placed in newspapers, posters placed in government social assistance agencies and Quitline telephone‐based cessation support services. After completion of a baseline computer‐assisted telephone interview, participants will be allocated randomly to control or intervention group using a permuted block approach.Intervention and ComparatorParticipants in both groups will receive 8 weeks of free combination NRT plus Quitline support. Participants in the intervention group will also receive four telephone‐delivered financial education and support sessions.MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure will be prolonged abstinence (at 8‐month follow‐up) assessed using Russell Standard criteria and biochemically verified (urine cotinine).CommentsThis is the first intervention study to evaluate the potential of co‐managing financial stress as a means of enhancing smokers' capacity to quit smoking. Such an intervention may provide a scalable intervention to help low SES smokers to quit.
Single incision and reduced port laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: initial experience in 96 cases
Authors: Jung Kyung Uk , Yun Seong Hyeon , Cho Yong Beom , Kim Hee Cheol , Lee Woo Yong , Chun Ho‐Kyung 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a single incision laparoscopic (SIL) technique has been used increasingly in colorectal surgery, there are only a few reports on the clinical availability of this approach coupled with low anterior resection (SIL–LAR) for colorectal cancers. We report here 96 consecutive cases of SIL–LAR and reduced port LAR cases, of which the initial approach was SIL.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of SIL–LAR cases performed by a single surgeon in Samsung Medical Center between June 2011 and June 2012.ResultsOut of 96 cases, 28 were finished as ‘pure’ SIL–LAR. Sixty‐four cases were performed with one additional port, and four needed two more ports. There was no open conversion. The median duration of operation was 165 min. Proximal and distal resection margins were negative in all cases. Circumferential resection margins were positive in four cases. The median duration of postoperative stay was 7 days and the complication rate was 20%. There were six cases of anastomosis leakage (6%).ConclusionThe SIL–LAR technique can be applied safely with the optional use of an additional port. One additional port in the right suprapubic area is useful for obtaining a secure distal division and a safe total mesorectal excision, especially in patients with lower lesions or history of neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
Victorian Audit of Surgical Mortality is associated with improved clinical outcomes
Authors: Beiles C. Barry , Retegan Claudia , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundImproved outcomes are desirable results of clinical audit. The aim of this study was to use data from the Victorian Audit of Surgical Mortality (VASM) and the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (VAED) to highlight specific areas of clinical improvement and reduction in mortality over the duration of the audit process.MethodsThis study used retrospective, observational data from VASM and VAED. VASM data were reported by participating public and private health services, the Coroner and self‐reporting surgeons across Victoria. Aggregated VAED data were supplied by the Victorian Department of Health. Assessment of outcomes was performed using chi‐squared trend analysis over successive annual audit periods. Because initial collection of data was incomplete in the recruitment phase, statistical analysis was confined to the last 3‐year period, 2010–2013.ResultsA 20% reduction in surgical mortality over the past 5 years has been identified from the VAED data. Progressive increase in both surgeon and hospital participation, significant reduction in both errors in management as perceived by assessors and increased direct consultant involvement in cases returned to theatre have been documented.ConclusionsThe benefits of VASM are reflected in the association with a reduction of mortality and adverse clinical outcomes, which have clinical and financial benefits. It is a purely educational exercise and continued participation in this audit will ensure the highest standards of surgical care in Australia. This also highlights the valuable collaboration between the Victorian Department of Health and the RACS.