bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Carotino oil on in vitro rumen fermentation, metabolism and apparent biohydrogenation of fatty acids
Authors: Adeyemi Kazeem Dauda , Ebrahimi Mahdi , Samsudin Anjas Asmara , Alimon Abd Razak , Karim Roselina , Karsani Saiful Anuar , Sazili Awis Qurni 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe study appraised the effects of Carotino oil on in vitro rumen fermentation, gas production, metabolism and apparent biohydrogenation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Carotino oil was added to a basal diet (50% concentrate and 50% oil palm frond) at the rate of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% dry matter of the diet. Rumen inoculum was obtained from three fistulated Boer bucks and incubated with 200 mg of each treatment for 24 h at 39°C. Gas production, fermentation kinetics, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), metabolizable energy and free fatty acids were determined. Carotino oil did not affect (P > 0.05) gas production, metabolizable energy, pH, IVOMD, IVDMD, methane, total and individual VFAs. However, Carotino oil decreased (P < 0.05) the biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids but enhanced (P < 0.05) the biohydrogenation of oleic acid. After 24 h incubation, the concentrations of stearic, palmitic, pentadecanoic, myristic, myristoleic and lauric acids decreased (P < 0.05) while the concentration of linolenic, linoleic, oleic and transvaccenic acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLAc9t11) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of Carotino oil. Carotino oil seems to enhance the accumulation of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids without disrupting rumen fermentation.
Effects of feeding polyphenol‐rich winery wastes on digestibility, nitrogen utilization, ruminal fermentation, antioxidant status and oxidative stress in wethers
Authors: Ishida Kyohei , Kishi Yosuke , Oishi Kazato , Hirooka Hiroyuki , Kumagai Hajime 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFour wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the availability of two types of winery wastes, winery sediment and grape pomace, as ruminant feeds possessing antioxidant activities. Each wether was assigned to one of the following four treatments: (i) 75 g/kg winery sediment (WS) on a dry matter (DM) basis; (ii) 166 g/kg DM winery grape pomace (WP); (iii) control diet (CD; 17 g/kg DM soybean meal);and (iv) only tall fescue hay (TFH; no additive). Winery sediment and grape pomace had high levels of polyphenols and of radical scavenging activities. Feeding with winery sediment and grape pomace did not negatively affect the intake, but it depressed crude protein (CP) digestibility compared with CD (P = 0.052 and P < 0.01 for WS and WP, respectively). Polyphenols in winery wastes decreased ruminal ammonia production (P = 0.089 and P < 0.05), likely due to their inhibitive effect on microbial activities in the rumen. The addition of winery sediment and grape pomace decreased urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG; an index of oxidative damages) excretion per day (P < 0.05 and P = 0.059). The results indicated that winery sediment and grape pomace could alter nitrogen metabolism and/or act as new antioxidants for ruminants.
CXCR4 WHIM‐like frameshift and nonsense mutations promote ibrutinib resistance but do not supplant MYD88L265P‐directed survival signalling in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia cells
Authors: Cao Yang , Hunter Zachary R. , Liu Xia , Xu Lian , Yang Guang , Chen Jie , Tsakmaklis Nickolas , Kanan Sandra , Castillo Jorge J. , Treon Steven P. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryCXCR4WHIM frameshift and nonsense mutations follow MYD88L265P as the most common somatic variants in Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia (WM), and impact clinical presentation and ibrutinib response. While the nonsense (CXCR4S338X) mutation has been investigated, little is known about CXCR4 frameshift (CXCR4FS) mutations. We engineered WM cells to express CXCR4FS mutations present in patients, and compared their CXCL12 (SDF‐1a) induced signalling and ibrutinib sensitivity to CXCR4wild‐type (WT) and CXCR4S338X cells. Following CXCL12 stimulation, CXCR4FS and CXCR4S338X WM cells showed impaired CXCR4 receptor internalization, and enhanced AKT1 (also termed AKT) and MAPK1 (also termed ERK) activation versus CXCRWT cells (P < 0·05), though MAPK1 activation was more prolonged in CXCR4S338X cells (P < 0·05). CXCR4FS and CXCR4S338X cells, but not CXCR4WT cells, were rescued from ibrutinib‐triggered apoptosis by CXCL12 that was reversed by AKT1, MAPK1 or CXCR4 antagonists. Treatment with an inhibitor that blocks MYD88L265P signalling triggered similar levels of apoptosis that was not abrogated by CXCL12 treatment in CXCR4WT and CXCR4WHIM cells. These studies show a functional role for CXCR4FS mutations in WM, and provide a framework for the investigation of CXCR4 antagonists with ibrutinib in CXCR4WHIM‐mutated WM patients. Direct inhibition of MYD88L265P signalling overcomes CXCL12 triggered survival effects in CXCR4WHIM‐mutated cells supporting a primary role for this survival pathway in WM.
Prediction of fruit and vegetable intake: The importance of contextualizing motivation
Authors: Evans Rachel , Kawabata Masato , Thomas Shirley 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesMotivation is identified as a key antecedent of self‐regulated behaviour, such as eating fruit and vegetables. However, inaccurate measurement of this construct may lead to poor prediction of behaviour and inflate the impact of post‐motivational factors, such as planning, in models of health behaviour. This study explored the properties of a newly identified measure of motivation, termed behavioural resolve (Rhodes & Horne, 2013, Psychol. Sport Exerc., 14, 455–460), in relation to intention, planning, and fruit and vegetable intake (FVI).DesignProspective self‐report survey.MethodUniversity students living in the United Kingdom completed two online surveys. The first assessed demographic and predictor variables (intention, behavioural resolve, action planning, and coping planning). The second, completed approximately 2 weeks later, measured average daily FVI and perceived experience of obstacles to FVI. At Time 1, there were 195 respondents, with 139 providing follow‐up data.ResultsAll predictor variables were significantly correlated with FVI. Two independent multiple hierarchical regression analyses revealed that both intention and behavioural resolve were significant predictors of FVI, but behavioural resolve explained greater FVI variance (40.1%) than intention (36.4%). Furthermore, action planning showed incremental predictive utility over intention, but not behavioural resolve, in predicting FVI.ConclusionsThe results indicated that motivation is an important determinant of FVI for students, with behavioural resolve demonstrating advantages over intention as a measure of this domain and a predictor of FVI behaviour.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Many of those who intend to increase their fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) do not succeed.

The contribution of planning to theoretical models predicting FVI may be the result of inadequate assessment of motivation.

Research is needed to establish accurate measures of the determinants of FVI and create interventions to increase suboptimal intake in student populations.

What does this study add?

This study is the first to demonstrate the additive effects of behavioural resolve upon intention in predicting FVI for UK students. Volitional planning made no contribution.
Biomineralization in bryozoans: present, past and future
Authors: Taylor Paul D. , Lombardi Chiara , Cocito Silvia 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMany animal phyla have the physiological ability to produce biomineralized skeletons with functional roles that have been shaped by natural selection for more than 500 million years. Among these are bryozoans, a moderately diverse phylum of aquatic invertebrates with a rich fossil record and importance today as bioconstructors in some shallow‐water marine habitats. Biomineralizational patterns and, especially, processes are poorly understood in bryozoans but are conventionally believed to be similar to those of the related lophotrochozoan phyla Brachiopoda and Mollusca. However, bryozoan skeletons are more intricate than those of these two phyla. Calcareous skeletons have been acquired independently in two bryozoan clades – Stenolaemata in the Ordovician and Cheilostomata in the Jurassic – providing an evolutionary replicate. This review aims to highlight the importance of biomineralization in bryozoans and focuses on their skeletal ultrastructures, mineralogy and chemistry, the roles of organic components, the evolutionary history of bimineralization in bryozoans with respect to changes in seawater chemistry, and the impact of contemporary global changes, especially ocean acidification, on bryozoan skeletons. Bryozoan skeletons are constructed from three different wall types (exterior, interior and compound) differing in the presence/absence and location of organic cuticular layers. Skeletal ultrastructures can be classified into wall‐parallel (i.e. laminated) and wall‐perpendicular (i.e. prismatic) fabrics, the latter apparently found in only one of the two biomineralizing clades (Cheilostomata), which is also the only clade to biomineralize aragonite. A plethora of ultrastructural fabrics can be recognized and most occur in combination with other fabrics to constitute a fabric suite. The proportion of aragonitic and bimineralic bryozoans, as well as theMgcontent of bryozoan skeletons, show a latitudinal increase into the warmer waters of the tropics. Responses of bryozoan mineralogy and skeletal thickness to oscillations between calcite and aragonite seas through geological time are equivocal. Field and laboratory studies of living bryozoans have shown that predicted future changes inpH(ocean acidification) combined with global warming are likely to have detrimental effects on calcification, growth rate and production of polymorphic zooids for defence and reproduction, although some species exhibit reasonable levels of resilience. Some key questions about bryozoan biomineralization that need to be addressed are identified.
Variation in absorption and half‐life of hydrocortisone influence plasma cortisol concentrations
Authors: Hindmarsh Peter C. , Charmandari Evangelia 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundHydrocortisone therapy should be individualized in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients to avoid over and under replacement. We have assessed how differences in absorption and half‐life of cortisol influence glucocorticoid exposure.Patients and MethodsForty‐eight patients (21 M) aged between 6·1 and 20·3 years with CAH due to CYP21A2 deficiency were studied. Each patient underwent a 24‐h plasma cortisol profile with the morning dose used to calculate absorption parameters along with an intravenous (IV) hydrocortisone (15 mg/m2 body surface area) bolus assessment of half‐life. Parameters derived were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time of maximum plasma concentration (tmax), time to attaining plasma cortisol concentration <100 nmol/l and half‐life of cortisol.ResultsMean half‐life was 76·5 ± 5·2 (range 40–225·3) min, Cmax 780·7 ± 61·6 nmol/l and tmax 66·7 (range 20–118) min. Time taken to a plasma cortisol concentration less than 100 nmol/l was 289 (range 140–540) min. Those with a fast half‐life and slow tmax took longest to reach a plasma cortisol concentration less than 100 nmol/l (380 ± 34·6 min), compared to those with a slow half‐life and fast tmax (298 ± 34·8 min) and those with a fast half‐life and fast tmax (249·5 ± 14·4 min) (One‐way anovaF = 4·52; P = 0·009).ConclusionsBoth rate of absorption and half‐life of cortisol in the circulation play important roles in determining overall exposure to oral glucocorticoid. Dose regimens need to incorporate estimates of these parameters into determining the optimum dosing schedule for individuals.
Role of periodontal disease in bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Li Chun Lei , Lu Weijia William , Seneviratne Chaminda Jayampath , Leung Wai Keung , Zwahlen Roger A. , Zheng Li Wu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of progressive periodontal disease in inducing bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model mimicking human intracortical remodeling process.Materials and methodsThirty 12‐week‐old Spraque–Dawly (SD) female rats were randomly assigned into two groups. All rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy. Six weeks after surgery, zoledronic acid (ZA) or vehicle control was administered intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. On the same day of injection, a cotton ligature was placed subgingivally around the first left lower molar to induce periodontitis. All animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after injection. The entire mandibles were harvested for micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological examinations.ResultsMicro‐CT examination showed that ligature placement caused significant alveolar bone loss both in ZA (0.63 ± 0.13 vs. 0.38 ± 0.06 mm, P < 0.001) and in control (0.88 ± 0.19 vs. 0.40 ± 0.06 mm, P < 0.001) groups. Whereas in the ZA group, bone loss was attenuated compared with the control group (P < 0.01); the bone mineral density in the ZA group (1.00 ± 0.02 g/cm3) was significantly higher than that in vehicle control group (0.96 ± 0.03 g/cm3, P < 0.001). Histological examination found necrotic bone tissue with extensive, empty lacunae in two of 15 rats in ZA group, but in none of the control group.ConclusionBisphosphonates inhibit alveolar bone resorption in progressive periodontal disease, which might benefit the management of periodontitis, but increase the risk of developing BRONJ.
Venous hemangioma of the anterior mediastinum
Authors: Yilmaz Adnan , Kavas Murat , Ersev Ayşe , Ekinci Gulbanu Horzum , Haciomeroglu Osman , Atinkaya Cansel , Akkaya Esen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMediastinal hemangiomas are rare tumors, with an incidence of 0.5% or less. We herein present a case of venous hemangioma in the anterior mediastinum. A 61‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of dyspnea. Computed tomography scan of the thorax showed a 2.5 × 3.2 × 2 cm mass in the anterior mediastinum. Using a median sternotomy approach, the tumor was completely removed. Pathological examination confirmed a venous hemangioma.
Papular mucinosis of the breast after radiation therapy
Authors: Fernandez‐Flores Angel , Barja‐Lopez Juan M. , Saeb‐Lima Marcela 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLocalized papular mucinosis is a type of mucinosis induced by several different causes. However, to the best of our knowledge, prior radiation therapy has not been reported to be related to papular mucinosis. We present a case of a 47‐year‐old woman who had undergone an operation for a breast carcinoma 2 years earlier and received local radiotherapy in the affected breast. Currently, she presents multiple erythematous papules that are caused by abundant dermal mucin deposits. We discuss some potential differential diagnoses.
Non‐pharmacological management of problematic sleeping in children with developmental disabilities
Authors: Spruyt Karen , Curfs Leopold M G 
Published: November 2014

AimSleep is important for underlying neural plasticity, and children with developmental disabilities suffer behavioural, emotional, cognitive, and sensory–motor issues that affect their wake and sleep states. Problematic sleeping can be hypothesized to have adverse effects on both of these areas in children with developmental disabilities. With this review, we aim to provide a benchmark in managing problematic sleeping in children with developmental disabilities.MethodA literature search was conducted and data on the study descriptives, patient characteristics, study design, study‐related factors, criteria applied to operationalize sleep and developmental disability, and sleep ‘management’ were collected. Each management strategy was tabulated and analysed.ResultsWe identified 90 studies involving 1460 children with developmental disabilities, of whom 61.6% were male. The highest proportion of studies, almost half, were in children with syndromes (44.4%), followed by studies in children with intellectual disabilities (18.9%). Non‐pharmacological sleep management was primarily aimed at improving sleep quality (86.7%), followed by sleep–wake schedules and, to a certain extent, sleep regularity (42.2%). About 56.7% of the studies reported more than one approach. Studies mostly focused on disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep through a diversity of strategies and relied heavily on subjective measures to identify and monitor problematic sleeping. Sleep management approaches were primarily delivered at the level of the individual in the home setting. The number of management approaches per study was unrelated to the number of sleep problems discussed.InterpretationModifying sleep management strategies to meet the specific needs of children with developmental disabilities is encouraged, and studies that look beyond sleep quality or sleep quantity are required. It is also advocated that modifications to sleep hygiene, sleep regularity, and sleep ecology in a population with developmental disabilities are rigorously investigated. Finally, daytime somnolence should not be overlooked when aiming to optimize sleep in children with developmental disabilities across the ages and stages of their lives. There were several limitations in the research findings of problematic sleep in children with developmental disabilities. In general, the sleep problems and the developmental disabilities investigated were multicomponent in nature. It is likely that management approaches impacted those problems on multiple levels or through diverse ‘therapeutic’ pathways. There is a need for randomized controlled trials and more objective measures that quantify improved sleep or wake states.
Combined Circumferential and Longitudinal Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Cioffi Giovanni , Mazzone Carmine , Barbati Giulia , Rossi Andrea , Nistri Stefano , Ognibeni Federica , Tarantini Luigi , Di Lenarda Andrea , Faggiano Pompilio , Pulignano Giovanni , Stefenelli Carlo , de Simone Giovanni , Devereux Richard B. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundEarly detection of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is pivotal in the management of patients with aortic stenosis (AS). LV circumferential and/or longitudinal shortening may be impaired in these patients despite LV ejection fraction is preserved. We focused on prevalence and factors associated with combined impairment of circumferential and longitudinal shortening (C&L) in asymptomatic AS patients.MethodsEchocardiographic and clinical data from 200 patients with asymptomatic AS of any degree without history of heart failure and normal LV ejection fraction were analyzed. C&L were evaluated by mid‐wall shortening (MS) and tissue Doppler mitral annular peak systolic velocity (S'), and classified low if <16.5% and if <8.5 cm/sec, respectively (10th percentiles of controls).ResultsCombined C&L dysfunction was detected in 72 patients (36%). The variables associated with this condition were higher LV mass (OR 1.02 [CI 1.01–1.04], P = 0.03), concentric LV geometry (OR 4.30 [CI 1.79–10.34], P = 0.001), increasing pulmonary artery wedge pressure (by E/e' ratio; OR 1.11 [CI 1.04–1.19], P = 0.001). The relation of MS and peak S' was linear and slightly significant in the whole population (r = 0.23; F statistic=0.001), absent in patients with C&L dysfunction (r = 0.04; F = ns), negative (linear model) in the subgroup of patients without C&L dysfunction (r = −0.22; F = 0.02).ConclusionsC&L dysfunction is present in more than one‐third of patients with asymptomatic AS and is associated with concentric LV geometry and higher degree of diastolic dysfunction. The relation between MS and peak S' largely varies in the subgroups with different C&L function.
Putative spinal interneurons mediating postural limb reflexes provide a basis for postural control in different planes
Authors: Zelenin Pavel V. , Hsu Li‐Ju , Lyalka Vladimir F. , Orlovsky Grigori N. , Deliagina Tatiana G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe dorsal‐side‐up trunk orientation in standing quadrupeds is maintained by the postural system driven mainly by somatosensory inputs from the limbs. Postural limb reflexes (PLRs) represent a substantial component of this system. Earlier we described spinal neurons presumably contributing to the generation of PLRs. The first aim of the present study was to reveal trends in the distribution of neurons with different parameters of PLR‐related activity across the gray matter of the spinal cord. The second aim was to estimate the contribution of PLR‐related neurons with different patterns of convergence of sensory inputs from the limbs to stabilization of body orientation in different planes. For this purpose, the head and vertebral column of the decerebrate rabbit were fixed and the hindlimbs were positioned on a platform. Activity of individual neurons from L5 to L6 was recorded during PLRs evoked by lateral tilts of the platform. In addition, the neurons were tested by tilts of the platform under only the ipsilateral or only the contralateral limb, as well as during in‐phase tilts of the platforms under both limbs. We found that, across the spinal gray matter, strength of PLR‐related neuronal activity and sensory input from the ipsilateral limb decreased in the dorsoventral direction, while strength of the input from the contralateral limb increased. A near linear summation of tilt‐related sensory inputs from different limbs was found. Functional roles were proposed for individual neurons. The obtained data present the first characterization of posture‐related spinal neurons, forming a basis for studies of postural networks impaired by injury.
Head injury, α‐synuclein genetic variability and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lee P. C. , Bordelon Y. , Bronstein J. , Sinsheimer J. S. , Farrer M. , Ritz B. 
Published: November 2014

Background and purposeHead injury has been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) in some but not all studies. Differences in the genetic and environmental susceptibility to PD between populations might be one explanation. The joint effects of head injuries and SNCA genetic variants were investigated.MethodsFrom 2001 to 2012, 561 incident idiopathic PD cases and 721 population controls from central California were enrolled. Subjects reported on head injuries throughout their lifetime and were assessed for genetic variability in the SNCA 5′ region (D4S3481; Rep1) and 3′ untranslated region (rs356165). In unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for confounders, interactions between head injuries and genetic risk variants were investigated.ResultsParkinson's disease risk in individuals with head injury who are carriers of at least one 263 bp allele in D4S3481 or rs356165 variants was 3–4.5‐fold higher compared with non‐carriers without head injuries. However, tests for interaction between head injury and SNCA D4S3481or rs356165 were not statistically significant.ConclusionsOur study finds some evidence that head injury and D4S3481 or rs356165 variants jointly increase the risk of PD but little evidence of interaction.