bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Condition of the Rock Mass over the Tunnel of Eupalinus in Samos (Greece) using both Conventional Geophysical Methods and Surface to Tunnel Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Tsokas Gregory N. , Tsourlos Panagiotis I. , Kim Jung‐Ho , Papazachos Constantinos B. , Vargemezis George , Bogiatzis Petros 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe surviving Tunnel of Eupalinus comprises one of the greatest engineering achievements of ancient Greeks. The tunnel itself (1036 m long) was carved in the sixth century bc through solid rock by digging from both ends and advancing to the central meeting position. The method for achieving the meeting of the two simultaneously advancing branches is still unclear. The ancient lining shows damage, indicating instability of the rock mass, presumably due to tectonic action. At certain points, the damage becomes more severe and partial collapses are observed. Therefore, the monument is threatened and measures have to be undertaken to restore its stability and secure the safety of future visitors. The geophysical investigations reported here comprise part of a geotechnical study. The aim of the geophysical survey was to image the subsurface from the ground surface to the ceiling of the tunnel and, if possible, thereby provide information on the quality of the rock mass. A variety of well‐established methods (VLF, self‐potential, seismic refraction and electrical resistivity tomography) were used for this purpose, and also the relatively novel measuring approach of laying out electrodes in a ‘tunnel to surface’ mode. The latter method was an attempt for achieving tomographic imaging of the rock mass over the tunnel. Finally, the results of all the methods applied were combined and integrated in order to assess the tectonic regime above the Eupalinean Tunnel. Fractures and shear zones were detected and imaged. Further, the elastic moduli were determined at specific spots. In general, the geophysical interpretation matches well with the visible manifestations of the instabilities of the rock and provides clues for explaining their origin. The ‘surface to tunnel’ imaging provided increased resolution, which was a great advantage. Additionally, it is concluded that the construction of the tunnel was chiefly a product of survey method rather than consideration of geological factors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation in the microbial ecology and activity of suspended and attached bacteria in a nitritation‐anammox process
Authors: Park Hongkeun , Sundar Suneethi , Ma Yiwei , Chandran Kartik 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA directed differentiation between the biofilm and suspension was observed in the molecular microbial ecology and gene expression of different bacteria in a biofilm nitritation‐anammox process operated at varying hydraulic residence times (HRT) and nitrogen loading rates (NLR). The highest degree of enrichment observed in the biofilm was of anaerobic ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AMX) followed by that of Nitrospira spp. related nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB). For AMX, a major shift from Candidatus “Brocadia fulgida” to Candidatus “Kuenenia stuttgartiensis” in both suspension and biofilm was observed with progressively shorter HRT, using discriminatory biomarkers targeting the hydrazine synthase (hzsA) gene. In parallel, expression of the hydrazine oxidoreductase gene (hzo), a functional biomarker for AMX energy metabolism, became progressively prominent in the biofilm. A marginal but statistically significant enrichment in the biofilm was observed for Nitrosomonas europaea related ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB). In direct contrast to AMX, the gene expression of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA), a functional biomarker for AOB energy metabolism, progressively increased in suspension. Using gene expression and biomass concentration measures in conjunction, it was determined that signatures of AOB metabolism were primarily present in the biofilm throughout the study. On the other hand, AMX metabolism gradually shifted from being uniformly distributed in both the biofilm and suspension to primarily the biofilm at shorter HRTs and higher NLRs. These results therefore highlight the complexity and key differences in the microbial ecology, gene expression and activity between the biofilm and suspension of a nitritation‐anammox process and the biokinetic and metabolic drivers for such niche segregation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 272–279. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adsorption of enzyme onto lignins of liquid hot water pretreated hardwoods
Authors: Ko Ja Kyong , Ximenes Eduardo , Kim Youngmi , Ladisch Michael R. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe adsorption of cellulase enzymes onto lignin is shown to be non‐productive and therefore reduces enzymatic hydrolysis of liquid hot water pretreated cellulose. Among the enzyme components of Trichoderma reesei cellulase cocktail, β‐glucosidase showed the strongest adsorption onto lignin. Only 2–18% of the initial β‐glucosidase activity remained in the supernatant while 50–60% of cellobiohydrolase and endoglucanase activities were recovered after incubation with lignin. By increasing the pH to 5.5 and adding NaCl to a 200 mM, the free enzymes in the supernatant were increased but hydrolysis was not enhanced since optimal pH for enzymatic hydrolysis is at 4.8. Electrostatic interactions contributed to enzyme adsorption and their effect was most pronounced for T. reesei β‐glucosidase which had high molecular weights (78–94 kDa) and high isoelectric points (pI 5.7–6.4). Since the enzyme components which are required to synergistically hydrolyze cellulose have different profiles (molecular weight, hydrophobicity and pI), they exhibit different adsorption behaviors with lignin, and thereby change the ratio of enzyme activities needed for synergism during cellulose hydrolysis. β‐glucosidase from Aspergillus niger exhibits less adsorption than β‐glucosidase from T. reesei. Supplemental addition of A. niger β‐glucosidase to the enzyme mixture increases hydrolysis of pretreated hardwood by a factor of two. The analysis presented in this paper shows that lignins with higher guaiacyl content adsorb more cellulase enzymes, particularly β‐glucosidase, and that adsorption of β‐glucosidase onto lignin indirectly suppresses enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in pretreated hardwoods due to decreased hydrolysis of cellobiose which in turn accumulates and inhibits CBH. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 447–456. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive hands‐on training for influenza vaccine manufacturing: A WHO–BARDA–BTEC partnership for global workforce development
Authors: Ruiz Jennifer , Gilleskie Gary L. , Brown Patty , Burnett Bruce , Carbonell Ruben G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe critical need for enhancing influenza pandemic preparedness in many developing nations has led the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), to develop an international influenza vaccine capacity‐building program. Among the critical limitations faced by many of these nations is lack of access to training programs for staff supporting operations within vaccine production facilities. With support from BARDA, the Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC) at North Carolina State University has addressed this need for training by developing and delivering a comprehensive training program, consisting of three courses: Fundamentals of cGMP Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing, Advanced Upstream Processes for Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing, and Advanced Downstream Processes for Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing. The courses cover process design, transfer, and execution at manufacturing scale, quality systems, and regulations covering both manufacturing and approval of pandemic vaccines. The Fundamentals course focuses on the concepts, equipment, applicable regulations, and procedures commonly used to produce influenza vaccine. The two Advanced courses focus on process design, scale up, validation, and new technologies likely to improve efficiency of vaccine production. All three courses rely on a combination of classroom instruction and hands‐on training in BTEC's various laboratories. Each course stands alone, and participants may take one or more of the three courses. Overall participant satisfaction with the courses has been high, and follow‐up surveys show that participants actively transferred the knowledge they gained to the workplace. Future plans call for BTEC to continue offering the three courses and to create an online version of several modules of the Fundamentals course. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(5):414–419, 2014.
Oxidative damage in diabetics: Insights from a graduate study in La Reunion University
Authors: Girard Dorothée , Rondeau Philippe , Catan Aurélie , Planesse Cynthia , Giraud Pierre , Bourdon Emmanuel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDue to the growing incidence of diabetes in developed nations, there is a compelling case to be made for teaching graduate students more deeply about mechanisms underlying this disease. Diabetes is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and protein glycation via the covalent binding of glucose molecules. Albumin represents the major plasmatic protein and undergoes enhanced glycoxidative modifications in diabetic condition. La Réunion Island, a French department located in the Indian Ocean exhibit a growing incidence of diabetes. At the University of La Réunion, our research group named GEICO (Groupe d'Etude sur l'Inflammation Chronique et l'Obésité) participated to foster research and training in diabetes context and focuses on the impact of glycated albumin mediated oxidative stress on cell physiopathology. A laboratory course was designed by our group to introduce graduate students to cutting edge techniques in redox biology while providing insights into scientific processes and methods. This two weeks research laboratory training took place at CYROI, a local biotechnology center that provides advanced facilities for research, business, and education. Using histochemistry, molecular biology, biochemical techniques, student investigated oxidative damages in liver from leptin receptor deficient diabetic mice compared to control littermates. In addition, they used an in vitro model by assaying oxidative impact of glycated albumin on hepatoma carcinoma HepG2 cells. This article gives an overview of the organization and protocol used by the students during their two weeks training in the laboratory. Therefore, it may be helpful for teaching graduate students techniques used in research laboratory working on redox biology. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(5):435–442, 2014.
An alternative method for mapping solids holdup in a narrow rectangular CFB riser through image calibration
Authors: Yang Jingsi , Zhu Jesse 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this study, a newly developed image calibration method is compared with an optical fibre probe in the measurement of the solids holdup of FCC particles in a 7.6 m narrow rectangular circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser. The image calibration method is based on experimentally correlating solids holdup of FCC particles in the CFB and the grayscale of the corresponding images obtained by a high speed video camera. Using this method, solids holdups along 15 lateral positions are calculated under different operating conditions with Ug and Gs in the range of 3.0–12.0 m/s and 50–150 kg/m2s. The solids holdup lateral distribution profiles obtained from the two methods in this study under identical operating conditions coincide with each other fairly well, reflecting the reliability of the image calibration method. Further comparison of the results of image calibration method from the current study with the measurement results of optical fibre probe from other researchers also show good agreement under the same operating condition. These comparisons clearly confirm the feasibility and accuracy of the image calibration method.
Semiparametric methods for survival analysis of case‐control data subject to dependent censoring
Authors: Schaubel Douglas E. , Zhang Hui , Kalbfleisch John D. , Shu Xu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCase‐control sampling can be an efficient and cost‐saving study design, wherein subjects are selected into the study based on the outcome of interest. It was established long ago that proportional hazards regression can be applied to case‐control data. However, each of the various estimation techniques available assumes that failure times are independently censored. Since independent censoring is often violated in observational studies, we propose methods for Cox regression analysis of survival data obtained through case‐control sampling, but subject to dependent censoring. The proposed methods are based on weighted estimating equations, with separate inverse weights used to account for the case‐control sampling and to correct for dependent censoring. The proposed estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal, and consistent estimators of the asymptotic covariance matrices are derived. Finite‐sample properties of the proposed estimators are examined through simulation studies. The methods are illustrated through an analysis of pre‐transplant mortality among end‐stage liver disease patients obtained from a national organ failure registry.The Canadian Journal of Statistics42: 365–383; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Sonolytic Decolorization of Textile Wastewater Containing a Mixture of Reactive, Acid and Disperse Dyes
Authors: Verma Akshaya Kumar , Bhunia Puspendu , Dash Rajesh Roshan , Tyagi Rajeshwar Dayal , Surampalli Rao Y , Zhang Tian C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe effect of chemical additives in combination with ultrasonication (US) was evaluated for the decolorization of simulated synthetic textile wastewaters containing Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Congo Red (CR), and Disperse Blue 3 (DB3). Maximum decolorization of 93% was achieved for the wastewater containing RB5 (50 mg L−1) at 8 h sonication time and US power density of 1 W mL−1. Persulfate (PS) assisted US was appeared to be better over the sodium sulfate (SS)‐assisted US, giving 87.51% decolorization efficiency for the textile wastewater containing all the three dyes together (200 mg L−1) at a PS dosage of 1500 mg L−1 and the sonication time of 120 min. The rate of sonolytic decolorization followed first‐order kinetics for the textile wastewater containing RB5 and CR. The results of this study indicate that, with an increase in the sonication time, the decolorization efficiency increases for the textile wastewater containing RB5 and CR, but decreases for that containing DB3.
Estimating graph distance and centrality on shared nothing architectures
Authors: Balkir Atilla Soner , Oktay Huseyin , Foster Ian 
Published: August 2014

SummaryWe present a parallel toolkit for pairwise distance computation in massive networks. Computing the exact shortest paths between a large number of vertices is a costly operation, and serial algorithms are not practical for billion‐scale graphs. We first describe an efficient parallel method to solve the single source shortest path problem on commodity hardware with no shared memory. Using it as a building block, we introduce a new parallel algorithm to estimate the shortest paths between arbitrary pairs of vertices. Our method exploits data locality, produces highly accurate results, and allows batch computation of shortest paths with 7%average error in graphs that contain billions of edges. The proposed algorithm is up to two orders of magnitude faster than previously suggested algorithms and does not require large amounts of memory or expensive high‐end servers. We further leverage this method to estimate the closeness and betweenness centrality metrics, which involve systems challenges dealing with indexing, joining, and comparing large datasets efficiently. In one experiment, we mined a real‐world Web graph with 700 million nodes and 12 billion edges to identify the most central vertices and calculated more than 63 billion shortest paths in 6 h on a 20‐node commodity cluster. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between binge eating and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in two pediatric community mental health clinics
Authors: Reinblatt Shauna P. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie S. , Mahone E. Mark , Forrester Sarah , Wilcox Holly C. , Riddle Mark A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveAttention‐Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been linked with obesity; however its relationship with binge eating (BE) is less clear. We aimed to explore the associations among ADHD, weight, and BE in pediatric mental health clinics.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive intakes in two pediatric mental health clinics (N = 252). BE was assessed using the C‐BEDS scale. Associations between ADHD, BE, and BMI‐z score were assessed via regression.ResultsMean age was 10.8 (3.7 SD) years. Twelve percent (n = 31) had BE. The association between ADHD and BE was statistically significant (OR 16.1, p < .001), and persisted after adjusting for comorbid diagnoses, medications, demographic variables, and clinic. There was a statistically significant association between ADHD and BMI z‐scores (β = 0.54, p < .001). After adjusting for BE, the relationship between ADHD and BMI z‐scores was attenuated (β = 0.35, p = .025), and the coefficient for BE was decreased (β = 0.75, p = .001). Although stimulant use was associated with a three‐fold increase in odds of BE (OR 3.16, p = .006), stimulants were not associated with greater BMI‐z scores (β = 0.18, p = .32).DiscussionThere was a significant association between ADHD and BE in two pediatric mental health clinics. Although these data are cross‐sectional, and cannot be used to make causal inferences, these findings are compatible with the hypothesis that BE partially mediates the association between ADHD and BMI z‐scores. In mental health clinics, children with ADHD may present as overweight or obese. Further, children with ADHD may exhibit BE. Future prospective studies should elucidate the complex relationships among ADHD, weight, stimulants, and BE. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:505–511)
Rationale and study design of the REM‐HF study: remote management of heart failure using implanted devices and formalized follow‐up procedures
Authors: Morgan John M. , Dimitrov Borislav D. , Gill Jas , Kitt Sue , Ng G. Andre , McComb Janet M. , Raftery James , Roderick Paul , Seed Alison , Williams Simon G. , Witte Klaus K. , Wright D. Jay , Yao Guiqing Lily , Cowie Martin R. 
Published: August 2014

AimsWe wish to assess the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of remote monitoring of heart failure patients with cardiac implanted electronic devices.MethodsREM‐HF is a multicentre, randomized, non‐blinded, parallel trial designed to compare weekly remote monitoring‐driven management with usual care for patients with cardiac implanted electronic devices (ICD, CRT‐D, or CRT‐P). The trial is event driven, and the final analysis will be performed when 546 events have been observed or the study is terminated at the interim analysis. We have randomized 1650 patients to be followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Patients will remain in the trial up to study termination. The first patient was randomized in September 2011 and the study is expected to complete in early 2016. The primary combined endpoint is time to first event of all‐cause death or unplanned hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons. An economic evaluation will be performed, estimating the cost per quality‐adjusted lifeyear, with direct costs estimated from the National Health Service perspective and quality of life assessed by the EQ‐5D, Short‐Form12, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires. The study design has been informed by a feasibility study.ConclusionREM‐HF is a multicentre randomized study that will provide important data on the effect of remote monitoring‐driven management of implanted cardiac devices on morbidity and mortality, as well as the cost‐effectiveness of this approach.Trial registration: UKCRN 10383.
Agronomic parameters, quality indices, and sensory attributes of virgin olive oils from Hojiblanca and Picudo varieties from three successive crop years
Authors: Jimenez Brigida , Callejón Raquel , Sánchez‐Ortiz Araceli , Ortega Eduardo , Lorenzo Maria Luisa , Rivas Ana 
Published: August 2014

The aim of this study was to analyse how the stage of fruit ripening of two common Spanish olive cultivars Picudo and Hojiblanca affected the agronomic parameters of the olive as well as the analytical parameters and sensory properties of the corresponding oils during three successive crop years. Both varieties ripened according to similar profiles in each monitored crop year. The oil content increased during fruit ripening in all studied crop years. There was an inverse relationship between moisture and oil contents of the olives throughout ripening. The quality parameter that underwent further changes regarding fruit ripening and crop year was free acidity. In both varieties, oils obtained from olives harvested at an early ripening stage had higher positive sensory attributes. Olive fruity and green leaf attributes decreased throughout ripening. In contrast, the apple attribute was not perceived in oils obtained from unripe olives. Therefore, to ensure an adequate oil content as well as good physicochemical and sensorial qualities in virgin olive oil, the optimal harvesting period for Picudo and Hojiblanca olives coincides with a maturity index between 2.81 and 3.85 and between 2.72 and 4.28, respectively.Practical applications: The increase in demand for virgin olive oil is not only due to its health properties but also to its organoleptic properties, which ultimately determine consumer preferences and choice. In native cultivars, it is essential to assess the impact of the ripening stage on the agronomic parameters and the quality of the resulting virgin olive oil for optimal exploitation of the grove. A three‐crop‐year study in two representative Spanish cultivars was performed to characterise both the olive fruit parameters and oil sensory characteristics at ten different stages of maturity. This analysis was used to determine the optimal stage of ripeness at which olives should be harvested to produce good quality oils in terms of physicochemical and organoleptic features, which may better fulfil consumer expectations.This study analyses how the stage of fruit ripening of Picudo and Hojiblanca olive cultivars affected the agronomic parameters of the olive as well as the analytical parameters and sensory properties of the corresponding oils during three successive crop years. This analysis was used to determine the optimal stage of ripeness at which olives should be harvested to produce good quality, which may better fulfil consumer expectations.