bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Evaluation of Two‐Piece Implants Placed Following One‐Stage and Two‐Stage Surgical Protocol in Posterior Mandibular Region. Assessment of Alterations in Crestal Bone Level
Authors: Gulati Minkle , Govila Vivek , Verma Sunil , Rajkumar Balakrishnan , Anand Vishal , Aggarwal Anuj , Jain Nikil 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundEndosseous implants can be placed following either two‐stage technique requiring second‐stage surgery or one‐stage technique, which does not involve a second surgical intervention.PurposeThe present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the changes in crestal bone level when two‐piece implants were placed in posterior mandibular region following one‐stage and two‐stage surgical protocol.Materials and MethodsA parallel group randomized prospective study was designed in which 20 two‐piece implants were placed in the posterior mandibular region of 16 partially edentulous healthy patients following either one‐stage (Group I) or a two‐stage surgical protocol (Group II). Alterations in crestal bone level were assessed with the help of DentaScan at baseline, that is, at the time of implant placement, third month and sixth month.ResultsNonsignificant differences were seen in both groups in terms of changes in crestal bone level at the final evaluation.ConclusionsHence, it could be concluded that two‐piece implants can be placed following one‐stage surgical protocol as predictably as when two‐stage surgical technique is followed.
Spinal deformities and lung function in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Wekre Lena L. , Kjensli Aina , Aasand Kjersti , Falch Jan A. , Eriksen Erik F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntroductionThere are no larger studies of adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), focusing on the impact of spinal cord deformities on lung function assessment.ObjectivesTo assess prevalence and severity of spinal deformities and lung function in an adult population with OI and to explore whether compromise of lung function correlated with deformities of the spine.MethodsNinety‐two adults with OI had radiographs of the spine, 75 underwent spirometry. Deformities were assessed radiographically using a semi‐quantitative (SQ) approach grading each vertebra from mild to severe (0–3 SQ grades). The spinal deformity index (SDI) was calculated by summing the SQ grades of all vertebrae from TH4 to L4. Scoliosis was measured using the Cobb method. Pulmonary function tests were performed; both current measured and arm‐span height were used for calculating the predicted lung volumes and flow rates.ResultsVertebral deformities were found in 67%, the majority of deformities were found in the mid thoracic region. Scoliosis was found in 46%, nine patients exhibited torsion scoliosis. Median values of SDI were 2.0 in type I, 4.0 in type IV and 2.5 in the total population. Only correction with arm‐span height had a significant impact on the assessment of lung function. Significant negative correlations were obtained when spirometry variables were correlated to spine deformities.ConclusionsOI patients show spinal deformities influencing body height and lung function. Lung function tests should be corrected for reductions in body height by using arm‐span height. OI patients should be evaluated with spirometry when vertebral deformities are suspected.
Stereoselective anticonvulsant and pharmacokinetic analysis of valnoctamide, a CNS‐active derivative of valproic acid with low teratogenic potential
Authors: Shekh‐Ahmad Tawfeeq , Hen Naama , Yagen Boris , McDonough John H. , Finnell Richard H. , Wlodarczyk Bogdan J. , Bialer Meir 
Published: December 2013

SummaryObjectiveValnoctamide (VCD), a central nervous system (CNS)–active chiral constitutional isomer of valpromide, the corresponding amide of valproic acid (VPA), is currently undergoing phase IIb clinical trials in acute mania. VCD exhibits stereoselective pharmacokinetics (PK) in animals and humans. The current study comparatively evaluated the pharmacodynamics (PD; anticonvulsant activity and teratogenicity) and PK of the four individual stereoisomers of VCD.MethodsThe anticonvulsant activity of VCD individual stereoisomers was evaluated in several rodent anticonvulsant models including maximal electroshock, 6 Hz psychomotor, subcutaneous metrazol, and the pilocarpine‐induced and soman‐induced status epilepticus (SE). The PK‐PD (anticonvulsant activity) relationship of VCD stereoisomers was evaluated following intraperitoneal administration (70 mg/kg) to rats. Induction of neural tube defects (NTDs) by VCD stereoisomers was evaluated in a mouse strain that was highly susceptible to teratogen‐induced NTDs.ResultsVCD had a stereoselective PK, with (2S,3S)‐VCD exhibiting the lowest clearance, and consequently a twice‐higher plasma exposure than all other stereoisomers. Nervertheless, there was less stereoselectivity in VCD anticonvulsant activity and each stereoisomer had similar median effective dose (ED)50 values in most models. VCD stereoisomers (258 or 389 mg/kg) did not cause NTDs. These doses are 3–12 times higher than VCD anticonvulsant ED50 values.SignificanceVCD displayed stereoselective PK that did not lead to significant stereoselective activity in various anticonvulsant rodent models. If VCD exerted its broad‐spectrum anticonvulsant activity using a single mechanism of action (MOA), it is likely that it would exhibit a stereoselective PD. The fact that there was no significant difference between racemic VCD and its individual stereoisomers suggests that VCD's anticonvulsant activity is due to multiple MOAs.
A literature review of the Dutch debate on the nurse practitioner role: efficiency vs. professional development
Authors: ter Maten‐Speksnijder A. , Grypdonck M. , Pool A. , Meurs P. , van Staa A.L. 
Published: December 2013

AimTo explore the debate on the development of the nurse practitioner profession in the Netherlands.BackgroundIn the Netherlands, the positives and negatives of nurse practitioners working in the medical domain have been debated since the role was introduced in 1997. The outcome of the debate is crucial for nurse practitioners' professional development and society's justification of their tasks.MethodReview of 14 policy documents, 35 opinion papers from nurses, 363 opinion articles from physicians and 24 Dutch research papers concerning nurse practitioners from 1995 to 2012.ResultsTwo discourses were revealed: one related to efficiency and one to the development of the profession. In both, the nurse practitioner role was presented as a solution for healthcare and workforce problems, while arguments differed. The efficiency discourse seemed most influential. Opinions of nurse practitioners were underrepresented; taking up new responsibilities was driven by the wish to improve patient care. While most physicians were willing to delegate tasks to nurse practitioners, they wished to retain final responsibility for medical care.LimitationsAll available publications were extensively studied, which could not include unpublished policy documents from the government or influential parties. This may have led to some selectivity.ConclusionThe case of the Netherlands shows that nurses in developing their advanced role are facing barriers, similar to those in other countries. The dominance of efficiency arguments combined with protection of medical autonomy undermines the development towards nursing care that really benefits patients.Implications for nursing and health policyNurse practitioners should strive to obtain positions in which they are allowed to make their own decisions and wise use of healthcare resources for the good of patients and society. Nurse practitioners should aim to become members of influential healthcare Boards in their countries, in which they can raise their voices and be involved in policy making.
Qualitative systematic review: the unique experiences of the nurse‐family member when a loved one is admitted with a critical illness
Authors: Giles Tracey M. , Hall Karen L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo interpret and synthesize nurse‐family member experiences when a critically ill loved one is admitted to hospital.BackgroundHaving a family member hospitalized in a critical condition is an important stressor. When the family member is also a nurse, the provision of care is more complex, yet little research exists on this issue.DesignSystematic review using Thomas and Harden's approach to thematic synthesis of qualitative research.Data sourcesPrimary studies were located by searching CINAHL, Proquest, Journals@Ovid, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. No date restrictions were applied due to a lack of relevant literature. All studies that met inclusion criteria were retrieved (n = 1717) and seven met the review aim.Review MethodsFollowing critical appraisal, seven studies from 1999–2011 describing the nurse‐family member's experience were reviewed and synthesized.ResultsSix characteristics of the nurse‐family member experience were identified: specialized knowledge; dual‐role conflicts; competing expectations; building relationships; being ‘let in’; and healthcare setting.ConclusionNurse‐family members experience important stressors that can negatively affect their psychological health and experience as a healthcare consumer. Nurse‐family members want a different type of care than other healthcare consumers. Acknowledging nurse‐family members' specialized knowledge and dual role, keeping them fully informed and allowing them to be with the patient and feel in control can reduce their fear and anxiety. Further research is needed to develop a deeper understanding of the unique experiences, challenges and needs of nurse‐family members to provide them with an enhanced level of care.
Antecedents of Innovation Strategies in New Technology‐based Firms: Interactions between the Environment and Founder Team Composition
Authors: Saemundsson Rognvaldur J. , Candi Marina 
Published: December 2013

This research contributes to the ongoing stream of research on the integration of technical and business knowledge for successful innovation, but does so with a unique focus—that of new firm founder teams. This is in contrast to much of the existing literature, which focuses on organizational units in large firms.As part of their strategy for success, new technology‐based firms need to find an optimal balance between exploration and exploitation in their innovation activities. However, the resource constraints they typically face make it difficult for them to pursue both at the same time, which means that at any given point in time they are likely to opt for either exploration or exploitation rather than both. The purpose of this research is to investigate what influences new technology‐based firms to select one innovation strategy over another. Data collected in 145 new technology‐based firms are used to test hypotheses about how environmental conditions and founder team composition interact in their contributions to choice of innovation strategy. Based on hierarchical regression analysis of the data, the research findings suggest that teams consisting of individuals who have dissimilar backgrounds are more likely to adapt their innovation strategy to the characteristics of the environment than teams of individuals with similar backgrounds. Conversely, teams consisting of individuals with similar backgrounds are more likely to continue to follow their preferred strategy. However, as competitive intensity or environmental dynamism increases, such teams are likely to deviate from their preferred strategy.
The Partner’s Presence in the Sex Research Lab Differentially Affects Sexual Arousal in Women and Men
Authors: van Lankveld Jacques , Hubben Dave , Dewitte Marieke , Dingemans Maria Elisabeth , den Butter Charlotte , Grauvogl Andrea 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Introduction
The present study addressed the ecological validity of the individual-focused experimental paradigm in sex research.

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of partner presence vs. absence in the laboratory testing situation, and of manipulation of attentional focus, on genital and subjective sexual arousal of healthy women and men.

Methods
Sexually functional heterosexual men (n = 12) and women (n = 12) and their partners participated in this study. During partner presence, the partner sat opposite to the participant; self-focused attention was experimentally manipulated by introducing, respectively, a semi-reflecting glass pane, and a wall-mounted camera.

Main Outcome Measures
Perceived state self-focused attention and genital and subjective sexual arousal during presentation of audiovisual erotic film stimuli were assessed.

Results
Partner presence resulted in higher perceived self-focus (ηp 2 = 0.22) and lower genital responses to erotic stimulation (ηp 2 = 0.21). The interaction of partner presence and increased self-focused attention differentially affected genital arousal in female and male participants (ηp 2 = 0.38). The mean genital response in men was lower during private self-focus than during non-self-focus with the partner present but was higher during private self-focus with the the partner absent (ηp 2 = 0.23). The genital response in women to public self-focus was lower than to private self-focus and to non-self-focus with their partner present (ηp 2 = 0.36). With the partner absent, the genital response in women to private self-focus was lower than to non-self-focus (ηp 2 = 0.23). Retrospective subjective arousal of women was higher with partner present (M = 3.2) than with partner absent (M = 2.9), whereas men reported higher retrospective subjective arousal with their partner absent (M = 3.5) than present (M = 3.1).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that mere presence of the partner impacts the sexual response differentially in women and men. Enhancing the ecological validity of the individual-based laboratory paradigm for sex research warrants closer examination in future research.
Opaque assemblages in CR2 Graves Nunataks (GRA) 06100 as indicators of shock‐driven hydrothermal alteration in the CR chondrite parent body
Authors: Abreu Neyda M. , Bullock Emma S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe have studied the petrologic characteristics of sulfide‐metal lodes, polymineralic Fe‐Ni nodules, and opaque assemblages in the CR2 chondrite Graves Nunataks (GRA) 06100, one of the most altered CR chondrites. Unlike low petrologic type CR chondrites, alteration of metal appears to have played a central role in the formation of secondary minerals in GRA 06100. Differences in the mineralogy and chemical compositions of materials in GRA 06100 suggest that it experienced higher temperatures than other CR2 chondrites. Mineralogic features indicative of high temperature include: (1) exsolution of Ni‐poor and Ni‐rich metal from nebular kamacite; (2) formation of sulfides, oxides, and phosphates; (3) changes in the Co/Ni ratios; and (4) carbidization of Fe‐Ni metal. The conspicuous absence of pentlandite may indicate that peak temperatures exceeded 600 °C. Opaques appear to have been affected by the action of aqueous fluids that resulted in the formation of abundant oxides, Fe‐rich carbonates, including endmember ankerite, and the sulfide‐silicate‐phosphate scorzalite. We suggest that these materials formed via impact‐driven metamorphism. Mineralogic features indicative of impact metamorphism include (1) the presence of sulfide‐metal lodes; (2) the abundance of polymineralic opaque assemblages with mosaic‐like textures; and (3) the presence of suessite. Initial shock metamorphism probably resulted in replacement of nebular Fe‐Ni metal in chondrules and in matrix by Ni‐rich, Co‐rich Fe metal, Al‐Ti‐Cr‐rich alloys, and Fe sulfides, while subsequent hydrothermal alteration produced accessory oxides, phosphates, and Fe carbonates. An extensive network of sulfide‐metal veins permitted effective exchange of siderophile elements from pre‐existing metal nodules with adjacent chondrules and matrix, resulting in unusually high Fe contents in these objects.
New evidence for persistent impact‐generated hydrothermal activity in the Miocene Ries impact structure, Germany
Authors: Arp Gernot , Kolepka Claudia , Simon Klaus , Karius Volker , Nolte Nicole , Hansen Bent T. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe extent of impact‐generated hydrothermal activity in the 24 km sized Ries impact structure has been controversially discussed. To date, mineralogical and isotopic investigations point to a restriction of hydrothermal activity to the impact‐melt bearing breccias, specifically the crater‐fill suevite. Here, we present new petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data of postimpact carbonate deposits, which indicate a hydrothermal activity more extended than previously assumed. Specifically, carbonates of the Erbisberg, a spring mound located upon the inner crystalline ring of the crater, show travertine facies types not seen in any of the previously investigated sublacustrine soda lake spring mounds of the Ries basin. In particular, the streamer carbonates, which result from the encrustation of microbial filaments in subaerial spring effluents between 60 and 70 °C, are characteristic of a hydrothermal origin. While much of the primary geochemical and isotopic signatures in the mound carbonates have been obliterated by diagenesis, a postimpact calcite vein from brecciated gneiss of the subsurface crater floor revealed a flat rare earth element pattern with a clear positive Eu anomaly, indicating a hydrothermal fluid convection in the crater basement. Finally, the strontium isotope stratigraphic correlation of the travertine mound with the crater basin succession suggests a hydrothermal activity for about 250,000 yr after the impact, which would be much longer than previously assumed.
Thermal consequences of impacts in the early solar system
Authors: Ciesla Fred J. , Davison Thomas M. , Collins Gareth S. , O'Brien David P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCollisions between planetesimals were common during the first approximately 100 Myr of solar system formation. Such collisions have been suggested to be responsible for thermal processing seen in some meteorites, although previous work has demonstrated that such events could not be responsible for the global thermal evolution of a meteorite parent body. At this early epoch in solar system history, however, meteorite parent bodies would have been heated or retained heat from the decay of short‐lived radionuclides, most notably 26Al. The postimpact structure of an impacted body is shown here to be a strong function of the internal temperature structure of the target body. We calculate the temperature–time history of all mass in these impacted bodies, accounting for their heating in an onion‐shell–structured body prior to the collision event and then allowing for the postimpact thermal evolution as heat from both radioactivities and the impact is diffused through the resulting planetesimal and radiated to space. The thermal histories of materials in these bodies are compared with what they would be in an unimpacted, onion‐shell body. We find that while collisions in the early solar system led to the heating of a target body around the point of impact, a greater amount of mass had its cooling rates accelerated as a result of the flow of heated materials to the surface during the cratering event.
The Genesis solar wind sample return mission: Past, present, and future
Authors: Burnett D. S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Genesis Discovery mission returned solar matter in the form of the solar wind with the goal of obtaining precise solar isotopic abundances (for the first time) and greatly improved elemental abundances. Measurements of the light noble gases in regime samples demonstrate that isotopes are fractionated in the solar wind relative to the solar photosphere. Theory is required for correction. Measurement of the solar wind O and N isotopes shows that these are very different from any inner solar system materials. The solar O isotopic composition is consistent with photochemical self‐shielding. For unknown reasons, the solar N isotopic composition is much lighter than essentially all other known solar system materials, except the atmosphere of Jupiter. Ne depth profiling on Genesis materials has demonstrated that Ne isotopic variations in lunar samples are due to isotopic fractionation during implantation without appealing to higher energy solar particles. Genesis provides a precise measurement of the isotopic differences of Ar between the solar wind and the terrestrial atmosphere. The Genesis isotopic compositions of Kr and Xe agree with data from lunar ilmenite separates, showing that lunar processes have not affected the ilmenite data and that solar wind composition has not changed on 100 Ma time scales. Relative to Genesis solar wind, ArKrXe in Q (the chondrite noble gas carrier) and the terrestrial atmosphere show relatively large light isotope depletions.
RNase HI stimulates the activity of RnlA toxin in Escherichia coli
Authors: Naka Kenta , Koga Mitsunori , Yonesaki Tetsuro , Otsuka Yuichi 
Published: December 2013

SummaryA type II toxin–antitoxin system in Escherichia coli, rnlA‐rnlB, functions as an anti‐phage mechanism. RnlA is a toxin with an endoribonuclease activity and the cognate RnlB inhibits RnlA toxicity in E. coli cells. After bacteriophage T4 infection, RnlA is activated by the disappearance of RnlB, resulting in the rapid degradation of T4 mRNAs and consequently no T4 propagation, when T4 dmd is defective: Dmd is an antitoxin against RnlA for promoting own propagation. Previous studies suggested that the activation of RnlA after T4 infection was regulated by multiple components. Here, we provide the evidence that RNase HI is an essential factor for activation of RnlA. The dmd mutant phage could grow on ΔrnhA (encoding RNase HI) cells, in which RnlA‐mediated mRNA cleavage activity was defective. RNase HI bound to RnlA in vivo and enhanced the RNA cleavage activity of RnlA in vitro. In addition, ectopic expression of RnlA in ΔrnlAB ΔrnhA cells has less effect on cell toxicity and RnlA‐mediated mRNA degradation than in ΔrnlAB cells. This is the first example of a direct factor for activation of a toxin.
rRNA fragmentation induced by a yeast killer toxin
Authors: Kast Alene , Klassen Roland , Meinhardt Friedhelm 
Published: December 2013

SummaryVirus like dsDNA elements (VLE) in yeast were previously shown to encode the killer toxins PaT and zymocin, which target distinct tRNA species via specific anticodon nuclease (ACNase) activities. Here, we characterize a third member of the VLE‐encoded toxins, PiT from Pichia inositovora, and identify PiOrf4 as the cytotoxic subunit by conditional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast to the tRNA targeting toxins, however, neither a change of the wobble uridine modification status by introduction of elp3 or trm9 mutations nor tRNA overexpression rescued from PiOrf4 toxicity. Consistent with a distinct RNA target, expression of PiOrf4 causes specific fragmentation of the 25S and 18S rRNA. A stable cleavage product comprising the first ∼ 130 nucleotides of the 18S rRNA was purified and characterized by linker ligation and subsequent reverse transcription; 3′‐termini were mapped to nucleotide 131 and 132 of the 18S rRNA sequence, a region showing some similarity to the anticodon loop of tRNAGlu(UUC), the zymocin target. PiOrf4 residues Glu9 and His214, corresponding to catalytic sites Glu9 and His209 in the ACNase subunit of zymocin are essential for in vivo toxicity and rRNA fragmentation, raising the possibility of functionally conserved RNase modules in both proteins.