bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional dysconnection in the prefrontal–amygdala circuitry in unaffected siblings of patients with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Li Cheng‐Ta , Tu Pei‐Chi , Hsieh Jen‐Chuen , Lee Hsin‐Chen , Bai Ya‐Mei , Tsai Chia‐Fen , Wang Shyh‐Jen , Hsu Ju‐Wei , Huang Kai‐Lin , Hong Chen‐Jee , Su Tung‐Ping 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesBipolar I disorder (BD) is a highly heritable disorder characterized by mood swings between high‐energy and low‐energy states. Amygdala hyperactivity and cortical inhibitory hypoactivity [e.g., of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)] have been found in patients with BD, as evidenced by their abnormal resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) and glucose utilization (GU). However, it has not been determined whether functional abnormalities of the dlPFC–amygdala circuit exist in unaffected, healthy siblings of the patients with BD (BDsib).MethodsTwenty euthymic patients with BD, 20 unaffected matching BDsib of the patient group, and 20 well‐matched healthy control subjects were recruited. We investigated seed‐based FC (seeds: dlPFC) with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and GU in the regions of interest (e.g., dlPFC and amygdala) using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.ResultsThe FC in the dlPFC (right)–amygdala circuit was statistically abnormal in patients with BD and BDsib, but only the patients with BD demonstrated hypoactive GU bilaterally in the dlPFC and hyperactive GU bilaterally in the amygdala. Facilitating differentiation between the BD groups, the altered FC between dlPFC (right) and amygdala (left) was even more prominent in the patients with BD (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThere was a dysfunctional connection with intact GU in the dlPFC–amygdala circuit of the BDsib, which highlights the vulnerability in families with BD. Diminished top‐down control from the bilateral dlPFC, which prevents adequate inhibition of limbic hyperactivity, might mediate the development of BD.
Role of growth hormone in maturation and activation of dendritic cells via miR‐200a and the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Liu Qiu‐Liang , Zhang Jiao , Liu Xin , Gao Jing‐Yao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesDendritic cells (DCs) are antigen‐presenting cells that participate in the immune response; recently, it has been reported that growth hormone (GH) promotes their maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms by which GH acts on DC maturation and activation.Materials and methodsHuman peripheral blood monocytes (HPBMs) were induced to become immature DCs and treated with GH to obtain mature DCs. An osteosarcoma mouse model was established by injection of LM8 cells to investigate anti‐tumour effect of GH‐induced DCs in vivo.ResultsAfter administration of GH, DCs reduced miR‐200a expression and nuclear Nrf2 accumulation; miR‐200a down‐regulation inhibited DC maturation. Nrf2 ubiquitination level was increased by Keap1 overexpression in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), which was cancelled by miR‐200a in GH exposed cells. In vivo, tumour volume was significantly reduced by GH‐treated DCs and the effect was reversed by overexpression of miR‐200a.ConclusionsGH promoted maturation and activation of DCs, and regulation of miR‐200a played a part in this process by modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
Philanthronationalism: Junctures at the Business–Charity Nexus in Post‐war Sri Lanka
Authors: Widger Tom 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTOver the past few years, the role of private sector organizations as actors and investors in development processes has received increased attention. This article explores the rise of ‘philanthronationalism’ in Sri Lanka: the co‐development of business and philanthropy methods as a response to patronage, nationalization and militarization in the post‐war environment. Drawing on ethnographic research into indigenous forms of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the article identifies four kinds of philanthronationalist practice — passive, assimilative, reactive and collaborative — that provide a logic, mechanism and ethic for private sector development initiatives in the island whilst promoting a vision of the ‘Sinhala Buddhist’ nation state. Noting the emergence of similar philanthronationalist practices in Myanmar, the article concludes by arguing that the Sri Lankan case is unlikely to be unique and calls for further research into the partnerships that emerge between private philanthropy and nationalist movements in conflict/post‐conflict processes around the world.
Adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome: too much, too little or neither
Authors: Grundy Scott M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObesity is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome. Recent research suggests that excess adipose tissue plays an important role in development of the syndrome. On the other hand, persons with a deficiency of adipose tissue (e.g. lipodystrophy) also manifest the metabolic syndrome. In some animal models, expansion of adipose tissue pools mitigates adverse metabolic components (e.g. insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia). Hence, there are conflicting data as to whether adipose tissue worsens the metabolic syndrome or protects against it. This conflict may relate partly to locations of adipose tissue pools. For instance, lower body adipose tissue may be protective whereas upper body adipose tissue may promote the syndrome. One view holds that in either case, the accumulation of ectopic fat in muscle and liver is the driving factor underlying the syndrome. If so, there may be some link between adipose tissue fat and ectopic fat. But the mechanisms underlying this connection are not clear. A stronger association appears to exist between excessive caloric intake and ectopic fat accumulation. Adipose tissue may act as a buffer to reduce the impact of excess energy consumption by fat storage; but once a constant weight has been achieved, it is unclear whether adipose tissue influences levels of ectopic fat. Another mechanism whereby adipose tissue could worsen the metabolic syndrome is through release of adipokines. This is an intriguing mechanism, but the impact of adipokines on metabolic syndrome risk factors is uncertain. Thus, many potential connections between adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome remain to unravelled.
Resting‐state functional connectivity in the baboon model of genetic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Salinas Felipe S. , Szabó C. Ákos 
Published: August 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe baboon provides a natural model of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). This study compares the intrinsic connectivity networks of epileptic and healthy control baboons using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) and data‐driven functional connectivity mapping.MethodsTwenty baboons, matched for gender, age, and weight, were classified into two groups (10 epileptic [EPI], 10 control [CTL]) on the basis of scalp electroencephalography (EEG) findings. Each animal underwent one MRI session that acquired one 5‐min resting state fMRI scan and one anatomic MRI scan—used for registration and spatial normalization. Using independent component analysis, we identified 14 unique components/networks, which were then used to characterize each group's functional connectivity maps of each brain network.ResultsThe epileptic group demonstrated network‐specific differences in functional connectivity when compared to the control animals. The sensitivity and specificity of the two groups' functional connectivity maps differed significantly in the visual, motor, amygdala, insular, and default mode networks. Significant increases were found in the occipital gyri of the epileptic group's functional connectivity map for the default mode, cingulate, intraparietal, motor, visual, amygdala, and thalamic regions.SignificanceThis is the first study using resting‐state fMRI to demonstrate intrinsic functional connectivity differences between epileptic and control nonhuman primates. These results are consistent with seed‐based GGE studies in humans; however, our use of a data‐driven approach expands the scope of functional connectivity mapping to include brain regions/networks comprising the whole brain.
Evaluation of behavioral outcomes in children 1 year after epilepsy surgery
Authors: Law Nicole , Kerr Elizabeth , Smith Mary Lou 
Published: August 2015

SummaryObjectiveChildren with epilepsy have elevated rates of behavior problems. Research findings on the impact of epilepsy surgery on children's behavior have been mixed, with some studies showing improvements in behavior 3 to 18 months after surgery and other studies finding no change within this time interval. We examined behavior in a large surgical sample and in a nonsurgical comparison group. We also examined for potential effects of epilepsy‐related and cognitive/linguistic variables.MethodsBehavior was assessed by parent report in 147 children who underwent epilepsy surgery and 40 children who did not, using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). For the surgical group, the CBCL was completed prior to surgery (baseline) and approximately 1 year after surgery (follow‐up); ratings of the nonsurgical group were also conducted twice, at comparable intervals.ResultsAt baseline, the groups did not differ on age, sex, age at seizure onset, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), or intelligence quotient (IQ). Baseline Social and Attention Problems were higher in the nonsurgical group. At follow‐up, 65% of the surgical group and 20% of the nonsurgical group were seizure‐free. Behavioral change was not related to surgical status or seizure outcome. Children with temporal lobe seizure focus had more Externalizing Behaviors compared to those with frontal or multilobar foci. Attention was poorer in children who underwent frontal lobe excisions relative to temporal or multilobar excisions. Baseline IQ did not predict behavioral change.SignificanceOur results suggest that surgery and seizure outcome do not affect behavior in the first year following surgery; it may be the abnormal neural substrate and not seizure control that influences behavior in children with epilepsy. If changes are to occur due to seizure freedom, they may require a longer time to emerge. Some behaviors may be resistant to change in children with epilepsy or may require even longer intervals for improvement.
Evaluation of poor performance in competition horses: A musculoskeletal perspective. Part 1: Clinical assessment
Authors: Dyson S. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryLack of willingness to go forward freely, lack of power, shortened steps, stiffness of the cervical or thoracolumbosacral regions are common nonspecific signs of musculoskeletal causes of poor performance in sports horses. Understanding musculoskeletal causes of poor performance requires knowledge of how normal horses move, the requirements of specific work disciplines, the nomenclature used by riders to describe how a horse is performing and the interactions between horses and riders. Determining the underlying causes needs an in‐depth history and clinical assessment, including in hand, on the lunge and ridden. Ridden exercise should include all aspects with which the rider is experiencing problems. Change of the rider can sometimes help to differentiate between horse and rider problems, but most normal horses are compliant and just because a horse goes better for a more skilled rider does not preclude an underlying pain‐related condition. Lungeing and ridden exercise should include not only trot but also transitions and canter which may highlight gait abnormalities not seen at trot. An accurate history combined with thorough clinical examination of the whole horse should permit the establishment of a list of problems requiring further investigation.
Assessment of dynamic upper respiratory tract function in the equine athlete
Authors: Franklin S. H. , Allen K. J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryDynamic upper respiratory tract (URT) obstructions occur commonly in the equine athlete. During the past 25 years, veterinary diagnostic capabilities have improved greatly with the ability to perform endoscopy during exercise and thus to visualise upper airway function during various types of exercise. After correctly reproducing and diagnosing anURTobstruction, the veterinary surgeon must consider the functional significance of the endoscopic findings for that individual athlete. This is the third paper in this series and focuses on the diagnosis ofURTobstructions, their relationship to the exercise test and their functional significance.
A global proteomic study identifies distinct pathological features of IgG4‐related and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Zen Yoh , Britton David , Mitra Vikram , Pike Ian , Heaton Nigel , Quaglia Alberto 
Published: August 2015

AimsThis combined proteomic and histopathological study was aimed to compare tissue characteristics of immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐related sclerosing cholangitis (ISC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in a global, non‐biased manner.Methods and resultsTissue proteomes and phosphorylomes of frozen large bile duct samples were analysed by a conventional liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) protocol and additional phosphopeptide enrichment methods. The proteomic examination identified 23 373 peptides and 4870 proteins, including 4801 phosphopeptides and 1121 phosphoproteins. The expression profiles of phosphopeptides discriminated ISC from PSC more clearly than those of non‐phosphopeptides. In the pathway analysis, ISC was found to have 11 more activated signal cascades, including three immunological pathways, all B cell‐ or immunoglobulin‐related. On immunostaining, two immunological markers (FYN‐binding protein and allograft inflammatory factor‐1) up‐regulated in ISC were expressed mainly in M2 macrophages, consistent with increased phagocytotic activity induced by the immunoglobulin (Ig)G‐Fcγ receptor interaction. In contrast, PSC had two more activated signal pathways related to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Filamin‐A involved in ECM remodelling was expressed aberrantly in injured bile ducts and associated cholangiocarcinomas in PSC, suggesting its possible roles in periductal fibrosis and carcinogenesis in PSC.ConclusionsThis study suggested crucial roles of B cells and macrophages in ISC, and more dynamic ECM remodelling in PSC.
Media effects on sustainable food consumption. How newspaper coverage relates to supermarket expenditures
Authors: Bellotti Elisa , Panzone Luca 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInformation provision is often considered to have an important role to play in changing consumers' choices. However, there is still no consensus on the mechanisms by which information might influence specific consumer expenditures, especially in relation to environmentally friendly food products. This paper explores whether the public debate on sustainable consumption in UK broadsheets and tabloids relates to observed consumers' expenditures. It does so by relating the number of published articles on selected sustainability topics to consumers' food expenditure in a leading UK supermarket from May 2009 to May 2011, using regression analysis. We selected only regular supermarket's shoppers who frequently buy the Sunday editions of the analyzed newspapers. Results indicate very sparse and inconsistent correlations suggesting that the impact of information is only minimally effective. The number of newspaper articles relates mainly to expenditures on organic, wholegrain and low salt products, possibly indicating a preference for healthy food. No consistent effects are observed when media target a change in more general food categories (e.g. a reduction in food of animal origin), although we observed some influence on purchases of fish. Finally, results indicate some correlations with purchases of meat for the readers of the Telegraph. In order to contextualize some of the results, we applied content analysis to a subsample of published articles on organic food. The qualitative approach shows that the framing of the news is important: change is positively related to information proposed uncritically; and negatively to information contextualized as a highly structured debate.
Why Do Firms in Customer–Supplier Relationships Hold More Cash?
Authors: Bae Kee‐Hong , Wang Jin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA firm is in customer–supplier relationships when its business depends on a small number of major customers/suppliers. In this paper, we provide evidence that relationship‐specific investments undertaken by firms in customer–supplier relationships are associated with high cash holdings in these firms. The evidence is consistent with the prediction of Titman's stakeholder theory that a firm relying on relationship‐specific investments maintains a high cash reserve as a cushion to sustain its relationship‐specific investments when negative shocks occur. Our findings suggest that relationship‐specific investments are important determinants of the precautionary motive to hold cash.
Bidder's Gain: Evidence from Termination Returns
Authors: Tang Tilan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn most cases, bidder's stock returns around merger announcement convey more information than the synergy created from the acquisition. To overcome the interpretation problem, I study the bidder's return from the perspective of deal termination. Using a hand‐collected dataset on terminated merger proposals, I investigate termination returns in deals canceled for reasons unrelated to the bidder's stand‐alone valuation. I find that bidder's gain varies significantly with the type of target acquired. Further evidence suggests that the liquidity need of private target significantly contributes to the positive gain to the bidder.
Detection and characterization of respiratory viruses causing acute respiratory illness and asthma exacerbation in children during three different seasons (2011–2014) in Mexico City
Authors: Moreno‐Valencia Yazmin , Hernandez‐Hernandez Victor A. , Romero‐Espinoza Jose A. I. , Coronel‐Tellez Rodrigo H. , Castillejos‐Lopez Manuel , Hernandez Andres , Perez‐Padilla Rogelio , Alejandre‐Garcia Alejandro , de la Rosa‐Zamboni Daniela , Ormsby Christopher E. , Vazquez‐Perez Joel A. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundViral infections play a significant role in causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and exacerbations of chronic diseases. Acute respiratory infections are now the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Recently, human rhinovirus (HRV) infection has been emerged as an important cause of pneumonia and asthma exacerbation.ObjectivesTo determine the role of several viral agents principally, respiratory syncytial virus, and HRV in children with ARIs and their relationship with asthma exacerbation and pneumonia.MethodsBetween October 2011 and March 2014, 432 nasopharyngeal samples of children <15 years of age with ARI hospitalized at a referral hospital for respiratory diseases were tested for the presence of respiratory viruses using a multiplex RT‐qPCR. Clinical, epidemiological, and demographic data were collected and associated with symptomatology and viral infections.ResultsViral infections were detected in at least 59·7% of the enrolled patients, with HRV (26·6%) being the most frequently detected. HRV infections were associated with clinical features of asthma and difficulty in breathing such as wheezing (P = 0·0003), supraesternal (P = 0·046), and xiphoid retraction (P = 0·030). HRV subtype C (HRV‐C) infections were associated with asthma (P = 0·02).ConclusionsHuman rhinovirus was the virus most commonly detected in pediatric patients with ARI. There is also an association of HRV‐C infection with asthma exacerbation, emphasizing the relevance of this virus in severe pediatric respiratory disease.
Vitamin C promotes wound healing through novel pleiotropic mechanisms
Authors: Mohammed Bassem M , Fisher Bernard J , Kraskauskas Donatas , Ward Susan , Wayne Jennifer S , Brophy Donald F , Fowler Alpha A , Yager Dorne R , Natarajan Ramesh 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVitamin C (VitC) or ascorbic acid (AscA), a cofactor for collagen synthesis and a primary antioxidant, is rapidly consumed post‐wounding. Parenteral VitC administration suppresses pro‐inflammatory responses while promoting anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolution effects in human/murine sepsis. We hypothesised that VitC could promote wound healing by altering the inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases of wound healing. Mice unable to synthesise VitC (Gulo−/−) were used in this study. VitC was provided in the water (sufficient), withheld from another group (deficient) and supplemented by daily intra‐peritoneal infusion (200 mg/kg, deficient + AscA) in a third group. Full thickness excisional wounds (6 mm) were created and tissue collected on days 7 and 14 for histology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (HnDFs) were used to assess effects of In conclusion, VitC favorably on proliferation. Histological analysis showed improved wound matrix deposition and organisation in sufficient and deficient +AscA mice. Wounds from VitC sufficient and deficient + AscA mice had reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators and higher expression of wound healing mediators. Supplementation of HnDF with AscA induced the expression of self‐renewal genes and promoted fibroblast proliferation. VitC favourably impacts the spatiotemporal expression of transcripts associated with early resolution of inflammation and tissue remodelling.
Real‐time PCR identification of the ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron domesticum (L.) and Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Robideau G. P. , Foottit R. G. , Humble L. M. , Noseworthy M. K. , Wu T. , Bilodeau G. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe European hardwood ambrosia beetle (Trypodendron domesticum) and the striped ambrosia beetle (Trypodendron lineatum) are wood‐boring pests that can cause serious damage to lumber, resulting in a need for management of these pests in logging and lumber industries. Natural populations of ambrosia beetles exist throughout the world, but movement of ambrosia beetles into new habitats, particularly via international trade, can result in the establishment of invasive species that have the potential to spread into new territory. Efforts to monitor ambrosia beetle populations are time‐consuming and could be greatly enhanced by the use of molecular methods, which would provide accurate and rapid identification of potentially problematic species. Here, we present new real‐time PCR assays for the detection and identification of T. domesticum and T. lineatum. The methods described herein can be used with a variety of sampling strategies to enable timely and well‐informed decision‐making in efforts to control these ambrosia beetles.