bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel configuration of a traditional rapid response team decreases non–intensive care unit arrests and overall hospital mortality
Authors: Davis Daniel P. , Aguilar Steve A. , Graham Patricia G. , Lawrence Brenna , Sell Rebecca E. , Minokadeh Anushirvan , Husa Ruchika D. 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUNDIn‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality. Rapid response teams (RRTs) are designed to prevent non–intensive care unit (ICU) CPA through early detection and intervention. However, existing evidence has not consistently demonstrated a clear benefit.OBJECTIVETo explore the effectiveness of a novel RRT program design to decrease non‐ICU CPA and overall hospital mortality.METHODSThis study was conducted from the start of fiscal year 2005 to 2011. In November 2007, our hospitals implemented RRTs as part of a novel resuscitation program. Charge nurses from each inpatient unit underwent training as unit‐specific RRT members. Additionally, all inpatient staff received annual training in RRT concepts including surveillance and recognition of deterioration. We compared the incidence of ICU and non‐ICU CPA from first complete preimplementation year 2006 to postimplementation years 2007 to 2011. Overall hospital mortality was also reported.RESULTSThe incidence of non‐ICU CPA decreased, whereas the incidence of ICU CPA remained unchanged. Overall hospital mortality also decreased (2.12% to 1.74%, P < 0.001). The year‐over‐year change in RRT activations was inversely related to the change in Code Blue activations for each inpatient unit (r = −0.68, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONOur novel RRT program was associated with a decreased incidence of non‐ICU CPA and improved hospital mortality. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:352–357. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Serum betatrophin concentrations are significantly increased in overweight but not in obese or type 2 diabetic individuals
Authors: Guo Kaifeng , Lu Junxi , Yu Haoyong , Zhao Fangya , Pan Pan , Zhang Lei , Chen Haibing , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveIn this study, circulating serum betatrophin levels were quantitated and their relationships with insulin resistance (IR) and other metabolic parameters in Chinese subjects with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance were examined.MethodsSerum betatrophin levels were determined using ELISA in 60 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT: 17 lean, 23 overweight, and 20 obese subjects) and 56 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM: 14 lean, 23 overweight, and 19 obese subjects). The associations of serum betatrophin levels with adiposity, glucose, lipid profile, and hepatic enzyme parameters were studied.ResultsSerum betatrophin concentrations were significantly higher in overweight subjects in both the NGT and T2DM groups; however, no significant difference between lean and obese participants was observed. No significant difference was found between males and females or between NGT and T2DM subjects. Serum betatrophin concentrations correlated positively with fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in all subjects. Serum betatrophin concentrations showed an independent association with γ‐GT and HOMA‐IR.ConclusionsSerum betatrophin levels were significantly increased in overweight individuals but not in individuals with obesity or T2DM. Serum betatrophin concentrations were significantly associated with IR, but not with lipid profiles, glucose homeostasis, or diabetes.
Crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) containing siloxanes fabricated through thiol‐ene photochemistry
Authors: Kusuma Victor A. , Roth Elliot A. , Clafshenkel William P. , Klara Steven S. , Zhou Xu , Venna Surendar R. , Albenze Erik , Luebke David R. , Mauter Meagan S. , Koepsel Richard R. , Russell Alan J. , Hopkinson David , Nulwala Hunaid B. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTHomogenous amphiphilic crosslinked polymer films comprising of poly(ethylene oxide) and polysiloxane were synthesized utilizing thiol‐ene “click” photochemistry. A systematic variation in polymer composition was Carried out to obtain high quality films with varied amount of siloxane and poly(ethylene oxide). These films showed improved gas separation performance with high gas permeabilities with good CO2/N2 selectivity. Furthermore, the resulting films were also tested for its biocompatibility, as a carrier media which allow human adult mesenchymal stem cells to retain their capacity for osteoblastic differentiation after transplantation. The obtained crosslinked films were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, Raman‐IR, and small angle X‐ray scattering. The synthesis ease and commercial availability of the starting materials suggests that these new crosslinked polymer networks could find applications in wide range of applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1548–1557
Do EN 1992‐1‐1 and the European Concrete Platform comply with tests? Commentary on the rules for strut‐and‐tie models using corbels as an example
Authors: Hagberg Thore 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEN 1992 [1] is currently under revision. In that context it is justified to pass a critical eye over the standard, particularly if the models and resistance functions for the ultimate limit state comply with results from tests. The present contribution is limited to S&T models. The results of the analysis will primarily have relevance to corbels; however, some conclusions are general and should be considered when choosing the mathematical model for any S&T model. Ref. [1] is not sufficiently detailed to provide a basis for the complete design of, for example, corbels. The European Concrete Platform [2], which contains worked examples, has been prepared in accordance with and to support [1].The two topics dealt with are 1) selection of the main model, and 2) details and use of the S&T model in [1] and [2], and particularly its ability to predict results from tests. The tests for the analysis are taken from a thorough study described in [3]. To evaluate results from using [1] and [2], a concept for the design of corbels suggested earlier has been used to calculate the same tests [4].It will be claimed that the models in [1] and [2] and their ability to predict the outcome of tests have some flaws compared with calculations according to [4]. The detailed calculations are given in annexes, i.e. Part 1 for design according to [1] and [2] and Part 2 for design according to [4]. The annexes as well as [4] can be obtained from the publisher or the author.
Incorporation of Alpha‐Linolenic Acid and Enhancement of n‐3 Fatty Acids in Nile Tilapia: a Factorial Design
Authors: Schneider Vanessa Vivian Almeida , Carbonera Fabiana , Montanher Paula Fernandes , Lopes Ana Paula , Matsushita Makoto , Visentainer Jesuí Vergílio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA 22factorial design (two factors at two levels, in triplicate) was performed to investigate the influence of factors A (time of treatment, 15 and 30 days) and B (chia oil content in a supplemented diet, at 2.1 and 4.2 %) in three responses of interest referring to: (a) the incorporation of alpha‐linolenic acid (LNA) in lipids of Nile tilapia fillet; (b) the enhancement of n‐3 fatty acids; and (c) the decrease in the omega‐6/omega3 (n‐6/n‐3) ratio in fish. Factors A and B were significant in the three regression models obtained and the interaction AB was a significant contributor to the LNA and n‐6/n‐3 ratio. Analysis of variance suggested three significant and predictive mathematical models. Response surfaces analyses from designs indicated higher LNA and n‐3 contents and a lower n‐6/n‐3 ratio using both factors A and B in the higher levels (30 days of treatment and 4.2 % of chia oil in the diet for fish) chosen for this study.
Reliability of radiographic measures in infants with clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method
Authors: Zimmerman Catherine C. , Nemeth Blaise A. , Noonan Kenneth J. , Vanderbilt Timothy P. , Winston Mark J. , O'Halloran Conor P. , Sund Sarah A. , Hetzel Scott J. , Halanski Matthew A. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine if radiographic measures can be reliably made in infants being treated with the Ponseti method and (2) to document radiographic changes before and after Achilles tenotomy. Methods A retrospective radiographic and chart review was performed on children with clubfoot treated by the Ponseti method at a single institution over a 10-year period. Five independent reviewers measured a series of angles from a lateral forced dorsiflexion radiograph taken prior to and following Achilles tenotomy. These measures were taken in triplicate to determine the intra- and inter-reader reliability of dorsiflexion, tibio-calcaneal, talo-calcaneal, and talo-first metatarsal angles. Results Thirty-six subjects (56 feet) were treated with the Ponseti method and met the inclusion criteria. The median (range) age of patients at the time of tenotomy was 52 (34–147) days. The intra-reader reliability [intra-rater correlation coefficient (ICC)] for each of the measured angles pre- and post-tenotomy ranged from 0.933 to 0.995 and 0.864 to 0.995, respectively. Similarly, the inter-reader reliabilities (ICC) ranged from 0.727 for the pre-tenotomy (talo-calcaneal) to 0.950 for the post-tenotomy (talo-first metatarsal) angles. The mean differences between pre- and post-tenotomy radiographs were: dorsiflexion increase of 17°, tibio-calcaneal angle increase of 19°, talo-calcaneal angle increase of 9°, and talo-first metatarsal angle increase of 10° ( p-value ≤0.001 for all measurements except the talo-first metatarsal angle, with a p-value of 0.001). Conclusions Reliable radiographic measures can be made from lateral dorsiflexion radiographs of clubfeet treated with the Ponseti method before and after Achilles tenotomy.
Birth Order and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Barclay Kieron , Kolk Martin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study uses Swedish population register data to investigate the relationship between birth order and mortality at ages 30 to 69 for Swedish cohorts born between 1938 and 1960, using a within-family comparison. The main analyses are conducted with discrete-time survival analysis using a within-family comparison, and the estimates are adjusted for age, mother’s age at the time of birth, and cohort. Focusing on sibships ranging in size from two to six, we find that mortality risk in adulthood increases with later birth order. The results show that the relative effect of birth order is greater among women than among men. This pattern is consistent for all the major causes of death but is particularly pronounced for mortality attributable to cancers of the respiratory system and to external causes. Further analyses in which we adjust for adult socioeconomic status and adult educational attainment suggest that social pathways only mediate the relationship between birth order and mortality risk in adulthood to a limited degree.
Seasonal, weekly, and circadian distribution of ventricular fibrillation in patients with J‐wave syndrome from the J‐PREVENT registry
Authors: Maeda Shingo , Takahashi Yoshihide , Nogami Akihiko , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Osaka Yuki , Shirai Yasuhiro , Ihara Kensuke , Yokoyama Yasuhiro , Suzuki Makoto , Okishige Kaoru , Nishizaki Mitsuhiro , Hirao Kenzo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundVentricular fibrillation (VF) in Brugada syndrome (BrS) is known to occur more frequently during nighttime and from spring to early summer. In this study, we investigated whether early repolarization syndrome (ERS) has the same seasonal, weekly, and circadian distribution of VF events as BrS using data from the “J‐wave associated with prior cardiac event” (J‐PREVENT) registry.MethodsThe study included 90 consecutive patients with BrS and 31 patients with ERS during a mean follow‐up of 49±37 months. Follow‐up data from implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators were evaluated in all cases.ResultsIn patients with ERS, the circadian distribution of VF episodes differed among the four 6‐h periods, with a significant peak from midnight to 6:00 am (p<0.01) similar to that observed in BrS patients. However, VF occurred more frequently on weekends in patients with ERS, whereas on weekdays in patients with BrS (p<0.01). The months of peak VF occurrence also differed between the groups, with the frequency of VF episodes at peak between December and March in ERS patients and between March and June in BrS patients. In ERS patients, VF events had an inverse correlation with air temperature (r=−0.726, p<0.01).ConclusionsERS and BrS patients show similar nighttime increases in the occurrence of VF, but different seasonal and weekly distributions, suggesting a pathophysiological difference between the two syndromes.
Carbonatite melts and genesis of apatite mineralization in the Guli pluton (northern East Siberia)
Authors: Isakova A.T. , Panina L.I. , Rokosova E.Yu. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Inclusions of mineral-forming environments in apatite-containing ijolites and magnetite–phlogopite–apatite ores in carbonatites were studied to elucidate the genesis of apatite mineralization in the Guli alkaline ultramafic carbonatite massif. Primary inclusions of carbonate–salt and carbonate melts have been discovered and studied. The carbonate–salt melt inclusions are of alkaline high-Ca composition and are enriched in P, Sr, SO3, and F (wt.%): CaO—30–40, Na2O—5–12, K2O—2–4, P2O5—1–3, SO3—1.5–3, and SrO—1–3. They also contain minor MgO, FeO, BaO, and SiO2 (tenths and hundredths of percent). The homogenization temperature of these inclusions is 850–970 ºC. The carbonate inclusions contain predominant CaO (54–67 wt.%) and minor MgO, FeO, SrO, Na2O, and P2O5 (tenths of percent). Their homogenization temperature is 840–860 ºC. Similar primary carbonate–salt and carbonate inclusions were found in garnet, and secondary ones were detected in silicate minerals (clinopyroxene and nepheline) of ijolites. Clinopyroxenes of ijolites also contain primary inclusions of alkaline ultramafic high-Ca melts similar in composition to melilitite-melanephelinites highly enriched in P, SO3, and CO2 (wt.%): SiO2—41–46, Al2O3—8–16, FeO—2–8, MgO—3–6, CaO—12–20, Na2O—2–9, K2O—1–6, P2O5—0.4–2.1, SO3—0.2–2.3, and Cl—0.02–0.35. According to the obtained data, apatite of the magnetite–phlogopite–apatite ores and ijolites of the Guli pluton crystallized from phosphorus-rich alkaline carbonate–salt melts at 850–970 ºC. The generation of these melts was, most likely, due to the silicate–salt immiscibility in melilitite-melanephelinite melts highly enriched in salts, which occurred either at the final stages of clinopyroxene crystallization or during the formation of melilite. The presence of alkalies, S, F, and CO2 in spatially separated carbonate–salt melts contributed to the concentration and preservation of phosphorus in them at low temperatures, which led to the formation of apatite mineralization in ijolites and ore deposit in carbonatites.
© 2015, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Changes and Challenges of the Kenya Police Reserve: The Case of Turkana County
Authors: Agade Kennedy Mkutu 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:In rural Kenya, the main visible security force is the Kenya Police Reserve, an unpaid force guarding localities and armed by the state. Turkana County faces challenges of low state penetration, small arms flows, and armed intercommunal conflict. The state has a weak hold on Kenya Police Reservists (KPRs) and their arms, and this situation is weakening further as many move into paid private security roles, including guarding oil exploration and drilling sites. Security is critical in view of the recent oil discovery and ensuing land disputes which could trigger widespread conflict, and the recent devolution of development and administrative functions to counties in Kenya.
Frequency and Predictors of Seasonal Influenza Vaccination and Reasons for Refusal Among Patients at a Large Tertiary Referral Hospital
Authors: Masnick Max , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: March 2015

We assessed frequency and predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination acceptance among inpatients at a large tertiary referral hospital, as well as reasons for vaccination refusal. Over 5 seasons, >60% of patients unvaccinated on admission refused influenza vaccination while hospitalized; “believes not at risk” was the reason most commonly given.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(7):841–843
Microstructure and rheology relationships for shear thickening colloidal dispersions
Authors: Gurnon A. Kate , Wagner Norman J. 
Published: March 2015

The non-Newtonian shear rheology of colloidal dispersions is the result of the competition and balance between hydrodynamic (dissipative) and thermodynamic (conservative) forces that lead to a non-equilibrium microstructure under flow. We present the first experimental measurements of the shear-induced microstructure of a concentrated near-hard-sphere colloidal dispersion through the shear thickening transition using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements made in three orthogonal planes during steady shear. New instrumentation coupled with theoretical derivations of the stress-SANS rule enable rigorous testing of the relationship between this non-equilibrium microstructure and the observed macroscopic shear rheology. The thermodynamic and hydrodynamic components of the stress that drive shear thinning, shear thickening and first normal stress differences are separately defined via stress-SANS rules and compared to the rheological behaviour of the dispersion during steady shear. Observations of shear-induced hydrocluster formation is in good agreement with Stokesian dynamics simulation results by Foss & Brady (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 407, 2000, pp. 167–200). This unique set of measurements of shear rheology and non-equilibrium microstructure of a model system provides new insights into suspension mechanics as well as a method to rigorously test constitutive equations for colloidal suspension rheology.
Validation of a Web-based, self-administered, non-consecutive-day dietary record tool against urinary biomarkers
Authors: Lassale Camille , Castetbon Katia , Laporte François , Camilleri Géraldine M. , Deschamps Valérie , Vernay Michel , Faure Patrice , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2015

New technologies are promising for the use of short-term instruments for dietary data collection; however, innovative tools should be validated against objective biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity of a Web-based, self-administered dietary record (DR) tool using protein, K and Na intakes against 24 h urinary biomarkers (24 h U). Of the total participants, 199 adult volunteers (104 men and 95 women, mean age 50·5 (23–83 years)) of the NutriNet-Santé Study were included in the protocol. They completed three non-consecutive-day DR and two 24 h U on the first and third DR days. Relative differences between reported (DR) and measured (24 h U) intakes were calculated from the log ratio (DR/24 h U) for protein, K and Na intakes: − 14·4,+2·6 and − 2·1 % for men; and − 13·9, − 3·7 and − 8·3 % for women, respectively. The correlations between reported and true intakes were 0·61, 0·78 and 0·47 for men and 0·64, 0·42 and 0·37 for women for protein, K and Na, respectively. Attenuation factors, that represent attenuation of the true diet–disease relationship due to measurement error (a value closer to 1 indicating lower attenuation), ranged from 0·23 (Na, women) to 0·60 (K, men). We showed that the Web-based DR tool used in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study performs well in estimating protein and K intakes and fairly well in estimating Na intake. Furthermore, three non-consecutive-day DR appear to be valid for estimating usual intakes of protein and K, although caution is advised regarding the generalisability of these findings to other nutrients and general population.
Essential fatty acid intake and serum fatty acid composition among adolescent girls in central Mozambique
Authors: Freese Riitta , Korkalo Liisa , Vessby Bengt , Tengblad Siv , Vaara Elina M. , Hauta-alus Helena , Selvester Kerry , Mutanen Marja 
Published: March 2015

Many African diets are low in fat but are currently changing because of nutrition transition. We studied fat and fatty acid (FA) intake and the essential fatty acid (EFA) status of adolescent girls (aged 14–19 years,n262) in Zambezia Province, central Mozambique. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a city as well as in the towns and rural villages of a coastal and an inland district. Dietary intake and FA sources were studied in a 24 h dietary recall. FA compositions of cholesteryl esters and phospholipids of non-fasting serum samples were analysed by GLC. Fat intake was low (13–18 % of energy) in all areas. Coconut and palm oil were the main sources of fat, and soyabean oil and maize were the main sources of PUFA. Compared to Food and Agriculture Organization/WHO 2010 recommendations, intake of linoleic acid (LA, 18 : 2n-6) was inadequate in the coastal district, and intakes ofn-3 PUFA were inadequate in all areas. FA compositions of serum lipids differed between areas. The proportions of LA tended to be highest in the city and lowest in the rural areas. The phospholipid mead (20 : 3n-9):arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) ratio did not indicate EFA insufficiency. LA proportions in phospholipids were low, but those of long-chainn-6 andn-3 PUFA were high in comparison with Western adolescents. To conclude, fat sources, FA intake and EFA status differed between adolescent girls living in different types of communities. Fat intake was low, but EFA insufficiency was not indicated.
STATE SECRETS LAW AND NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Nasu Hitoshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWith the increased awareness of national security concerns associated with unauthorized disclosure of State secrets, the legal protection of State secrets on national security grounds has assumed renewed significance, while raising ever growing concerns about its impact on freedom of information. Between these competing policy concerns lies a discrete area of law that defines and protects State secrets from unauthorized communication or disclosure. This article aims to ascertain the actual State practice concerning State secrets protection on national security grounds across different countries, and examines common challenges to the delimitation of national security grounds for State secrets protection in light of the changing national security environment.
Two new species of Atla (Verrucariaceae)
Authors: Tibell Sanja , Tibell Leif 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo new species in the lichen genus Atla, A. alaskana and A. recondita, are described. The ITS rDNA region is used for their molecular characterization. Morphologically, Atla alaskana is characterized by its rather thick and well-developed whitish grey thallus, and the rather large perithecia having a thalline excipulum. The presence of a thalline excipulum renders it similar to Sporodictyon species; however, in A. alaskana a distinct zone around the ostiolum is without a thallus and covered only by a thick white pruina. Atla recondita has a thin olivaceous brown thallus and moderately sized, emerging perithecia. It is not possible to identify this species unequivocally as an Atla species only by morphology, and it might well be mistaken for a Polyblastia. A key to all six Atla species, including the two new species, is provided.