bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of childhood poverty on young adult overweight or obese status: race/ethnicity and gender disparities
Authors: Hernandez Daphne C , Pressler Emily 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundChildhood poverty is positively correlated with overweight status during childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Repeated exposure of childhood poverty could contribute to race/ethnicity and gender disparities in young adult overweight/obese (OV/OB) weight status.MethodsYoung adults born between 1980 and 1990 who participated in the Young Adult file of the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth were examined (N=3901). The accumulation of childhood poverty is captured via poverty exposure from each survey year from the prenatal year through age 18 years. Body mass index was calculated and categorised into the reference criteria for adults outlined by the Center for Disease Control. Logistic regression models were stratified by race/ethnicity and included a term interacting poverty and gender, along with a number of covariates, including various longitudinal socioeconomic status measures and indicators for the intergenerational transmission of economic disadvantage and body weight.ResultsReoccurring exposure to childhood poverty was positively related to OV/OB for white, black and Hispanic young adult women and inversely related for white young adult men. A direct relationship between the accumulation of childhood poverty and OV/OB was not found for black and Hispanic young adult men.ConclusionsHelping families move out of poverty may improve the long-term health status of white, black and Hispanic female children as young adults. Community area interventions designed to change impoverished community environments and assist low-income families reduce family level correlates of poverty may help to reduce the weight disparities observed in young adulthood.
Heterogeneous practice patterns regarding antiplatelet medications for neuroendovascular stenting in the USA: a multicenter survey
Authors: Faught Ryan W F , Satti Sudhakar R , Hurst Robert W , Pukenas Bryan A , Smith Michelle Janine 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAdequate dual antiplatelet (AP) therapy is imperative when performing neurovascular stenting procedures. Currently, no consensus for the ideal AP regimen exists. Thus the present study aimed to gain a better understanding of real world practice AP patterns by surveying neurointerventional surgeons.MethodsSurvey links were emailed to 296 neurointerventional surgeons practicing in the USA, asking 51 questions including demographics, stent specific use, AP pre and post-medication, types of APs, point of care (POC) assessment, complications, and outcomes. Data were collected and analyzed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap).Results74 participants responded; 56.8% were from academic centers. Participants treated an average of 5.5 aneurysms per month. They placed an average of 1.6 intracranial stents and 1.4 cervical stents per month. Mean number of pipeline embolization devices (PEDs) placed per year was 15.2. Heterogeneity existed regarding AP regimens; the most frequent included acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 325 mg+Plavix 75 mg daily (for 7 days prior) and ASA 325 mg+Plavix 75 mg daily (for 5 days prior) for routine placement of intracranial and cervical stents, respectively. For emergency placement, ASA 325 mg+Plavix 600 mg (at time of surgery) was the most frequently used. 46.8% routinely used POC testing, most frequently VerifyNow (Accumetrics, San Diego, California, USA); the most common threshold determining a non-responder was <30% inhibition. 85.7% used POC for PED placement. Management changes based on POC testing were diverse.ConclusionsThe results highlight the heterogeneity of current practices regarding AP medication regimens during neurovascular stenting. Given its importance, evidence based protocols are imperative. Minimal literature exists focusing on neurovasculature, and therefore understanding current practice patterns represents a first step toward generating these protocols.
Recreational drug use in men who have sex with men (MSM) attending UK sexual health services is significantly higher than in non-MSM
Authors: Hunter L J , Dargan P I , Benzie A , White J A , Wood D M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of recreational drug use in patients attending a genitourinary medicine clinic, and to determine whether drug use was greater among men who have sex with men (MSM) patients, when compared to non-MSM male patients.

Methods
A questionnaire was given to all patients attending the genitourinary medicine clinics at two inner city teaching hospitals over 3 months (July to September 2011). The questionnaire was self-completed by patients while waiting to be seen by a clinician. Data were collected on age, gender, gender of sexual partner(s), and previous/current recreational drug use (type/frequency of drugs used). Only data from male respondents have been analysed in this paper.

Results
1328 questionnaires were completed. Of the male respondents (n=729), 475 (65.2%) were identified as non-MSM and 254 (34.8%) were identified as MSM. The mean±SD age of male respondents was 31±9 years years. Lifetime and last month use of mephedrone, ketamine, volatile nitrites (‘poppers’), sildenafil (Viagra), GHB, and GBL were all significantly higher in the MSM group compared to the non-MSM group. Lifetime use of cocaine powder, MDMA, amphetamine, and methamphetamine were also significantly higher in the MSM group; however, there was no significant difference in last month use of these drugs between MSM and non-MSM groups.

Conclusions
Both lifetime and last month use of most recreational drugs was more common in MSM, when compared to non-MSM males. Sexual health clinics may provide an opportunistic encounter to identify patterns of recreational drug use, explore motivations for use, and implement strategies to reduce harms related to drug use. This will require a multidisciplinary approach to address the psychosocial aspects of drug taking behaviours, in combination with healthcare professionals experienced in the management of recreational drug use.
The oldest crust in the Ukrainian Shield – Eoarchaean U–Pb ages and Hf–Nd constraints from enderbites and metasediments
Authors: Claesson S. , Bibikova E. , Shumlyanskyy L. , Dhuime B. , Hawkesworth C. J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

The oldest crust in the Ukrainian Shield occurs in the Podolian and Azov domains, which both include Eoarchaean components. U–Pb age data for Dniestr–Bug enderbites, Podolian Domain, indicate that these are
c.
3.75 Ga old, and Lu–Hf isotope data indicate extraction from chondritic to mildly isotopically depleted sources with ɛ
Hf
up to
c.
+2. Nd model ages support their Eoarchaean age, while model ages for Dniestr–Bug metasedimentary gneisses indicate that these also include younger crustal material. Most of the Hf-age data for metasedimentary zircon from the Soroki greenstone belt, Azov Domain, reflects Eoarchaean primary crustal sources with chondritic to mildly depleted Hf isotope signatures at 3.75 Ga. A minor portion is derived from Mesoarchaean crust with a depleted ɛ
Hf
signature of
c.
+4 at 3.1 Ga. U–Pb zircon ages from Fedorivka greenstone belt metasediments are consistent with the Soroki age data, but also include a 2.7–2.9 Ga component. Nd whole rock model ages provide support for a younger crustal component in the latter. Both domains have been subject to Neoarchaean,
c.
2.8 Ga, and Palaeoproterozoic,
c.
2.0 Ga, metamorphism. The spatial distribution indicates that the Podolian and Azov domains evolved independently of each other before the amalgamation of the Ukrainian Shield.
Abundant sulphate in the Neoproterozoic ocean: implications of constant δ
34
S of barite in the Aberfeldy SEDEX deposits, Scottish Dalradian
Authors: Moles Norman R. , Boyce Adrian J. , Fallick Anthony E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

The timing and extent of ocean oxygenation is controversial. Proterozoic sulphur isotope datasets often show marked fluctuations over small stratigraphic intervals, suggesting that oceanic sulphate concentrations were much lower than modern values. A large accumulation of Neoproterozoic sulphate (>8 million tonnes preserved), as stratiform barite rock, is located in the Grampian Highlands near Aberfeldy. Diagenetic/metamorphic alteration has caused pronounced δ
34
S variations near bed margins. This aside, barite throughout the deposits shows a narrow range in δ
34
S, mean 36±1.5‰. We infer that this is representative of contemporaneous seawater sulphate, and that δ
34
S
seawater
was constant during deposition of a stratigraphical thickness >250 m of mostly fine-grained clastic sediments. Uniformity of δ
34
S
seawater
during barite precipitation, even in thick (>10 m) beds and with the co-occurrence of abundant sulphides incorporating bacteriogenically reduced sulphur, implies no limit to availability of seawater sulphate during hydrothermal exhalative events. Our data, combined with previous δ
34
S research on Dalradian metasediments, suggest a stability, abundance and constancy of ocean sulphate in the Neoproterozoic. This contrasts with isotopic data using trace sulphate in limestones. It appears that, around the time of the Marinoan glaciation (
c.
635 Ma), the ocean, although stratified at least locally, comprised a substantial reservoir of sulphate-bearing oxygenated seawater.
HAVCR/KIM-1 Activates the IL-6/STAT-3 Pathway in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Determines Tumor Progression and Patient Outcome
Authors: Cuadros Thaïs , Trilla Enric , Sarró Eduard , Vilà Maya R. , Vilardell Jordi , de Torres Inés , Salcedo Mayte , López-Hellin Joan , Sánchez Alex , Ramón y Cajal Santiago , Itarte Emilio , Morote Juan , Meseguer Anna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the third most prevalent urological cancer, claims more than 100,000 lives/year worldwide. The clear cell variant (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of this disease. While commonly asymptomatic, more than 30% of ccRCC are diagnosed when already metastatic, resulting in a 95% mortality rate. Notably, nearly one-third of organ-confined cancers treated by nephrectomy develop metastasis during follow-up care. At present, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to screen, diagnose, and monitor renal cancers are clearly needed. The gene encoding the cell surface molecule HAVCR1/KIM-1 is a suggested susceptibility gene for ccRCC and ectodomain shedding of this molecule may be a predictive biomarker of tumor progression. Microarray analysis of 769-P ccRCC-derived cells where HAVCR/KIM-1 levels have been upregulated or silenced revealed relevant HAVCR/KIM-1–related targets, some of which were further analyzed in a cohort of 98 ccRCC patients with 100 month follow-up. We found that HAVCR/KIM-1 activates the IL-6/STAT-3/HIF-1A axis in ccRCC-derived cell lines, which depends on HAVCR/KIM-1 shedding. Moreover, we found that pSTAT-3 S727 levels represented an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC patients. Our results suggest that HAVCR/KIM-1 upregulation in tumors might represent a novel mechanism to activate tumor growth and angiogenesis and that pSTAT-3 S727 is an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1416–28. ©2014 AACR.
The Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Proneural Glioma Determines the Genetic Alterations Selected during Tumor Progression
Authors: Sonabend Adam M. , Bansal Mukesh , Guarnieri Paolo , Lei Liang , Amendolara Benjamin , Soderquist Craig , Leung Richard , Yun Jonathan , Kennedy Benjamin , Sisti Julia , Bruce Samuel , Bruce Rachel , Shakya Reena , Ludwig Thomas , Rosenfeld Steven , Sims Peter A. , Bruce Jeffrey N. , Califano Andrea , Canoll Peter 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Proneural glioblastoma is defined by an expression pattern resembling that of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and carries a distinctive set of genetic alterations. Whether there is a functional relationship between the proneural phenotype and the associated genetic alterations is unknown. To evaluate this possible relationship, we performed a longitudinal molecular characterization of tumor progression in a mouse model of proneural glioma. In this setting, the tumors acquired remarkably consistent genetic deletions at late stages of progression, similar to those deleted in human proneural glioblastoma. Further investigations revealed that p53 is a master regulator of the transcriptional network underlying the proneural phenotype. This p53-centric transcriptional network and its associated phenotype were observed at both the early and late stages of progression, and preceded the proneural-specific deletions. Remarkably, deletion of p53 at the time of tumor initiation obviated the acquisition of later deletions, establishing a link between the proneural transcriptional network and the subtype-specific deletions selected during glioma progression. Cancer Res; 74(5); 1440–51. ©2014 AACR.
Combinatorial Immunotherapy of Polyinosinic–Polycytidylic Acid and Blockade of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Induce Effective CD8 T-cell Responses against Established Tumors
Authors: Nagato Toshihiro , Lee Young-Ran , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Celis Esteban 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Epitope-based cancer vaccines capable of inducing CD8 T-cell responses to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) expressed by tumor cells have been considered as attractive alternatives for the treatment of some types of cancer. However, reliable TAAs have not been identified for most malignant diseases, limiting the development of epitope-based vaccines. Herein, we report that the combinatorial therapy of polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) and antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) can be implemented with good results for tumors where no known TAAs have been identified.
Experimental Design: Three cancer mouse models (melanoma, lung, and colon) were used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and examine the immunologic mechanisms of the poly-IC/anti–PD-L1 mAb therapy.
Results: The combined administration of poly-IC and anti–PD-L1 mAb into tumor-bearing mice generated potent immune responses resulting in the complete eradication or remarkable reduction of tumor growth. In some instances, the poly-IC/anti–PD-L1 mAb therapy induced long-lasting protection against tumor rechallenges. The results indicate that CD8 T cells but not CD4 T cells or NK cells mediated the therapeutic efficacy of this combinatorial therapy. Experiments using genetically deficient mice indicate that the therapeutic efficacy of this combinatorial therapy depended in part by the participation of type-I IFN, whereas IFN-γ did not seem to play a major role.
Conclusions: The overall results suggest that immunotherapy consisting of the combination of poly-IC/anti–PD-L1 mAb could be a promising new approach for treating patients with cancer, especially those instances where no reliable TAAs are available as a therapeutic vaccine. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1223–34. ©2014 AACR.
Kinesin Family Deregulation Coordinated by Bromodomain Protein ANCCA and Histone Methyltransferase MLL for Breast Cancer Cell Growth, Survival, and Tamoxifen Resistance
Authors: Zou June X. , Duan Zhijian , Wang Junjian , Sokolov Alex , Xu Jianzhen , Chen Christopher Z. , Li Jian Jian , Chen Hong-Wu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Kinesins are a superfamily of motor proteins and often deregulated in different cancers. However, the mechanism of their deregulation has been poorly understood. Through examining kinesin gene family expression in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells, we found that estrogen stimulation of cancer cell proliferation involves a concerted regulation of specific kinesins. Estrogen strongly induces expression of 19 kinesin genes such as Kif4A/4B, Kif5A/5B, Kif10, Kif11, Kif15, Kif18A/18B, Kif20A/20B, Kif21, Kif23, Kif24, Kif25, and KifC1, whereas suppresses the expression of seven others, including Kif1A, Kif1C, Kif7, and KifC3. Interestingly, the bromodomain protein ANCCA/ATAD2, previously shown to be an estrogen-induced chromatin regulator, plays a crucial role in the up- and downregulation of kinesins by estrogen. Its overexpression drives estrogen-independent upregulation of specific kinesins. Mechanistically, ANCCA (AAA nuclear coregulator cancer associated) mediates E2-dependent recruitment of E2F and MLL1 histone methyltransferase at kinesin gene promoters for gene activation–associated H3K4me3 methylation. Importantly, elevated levels of Kif4A, Kif15, Kif20A, and Kif23 correlate with that of ANCCA in the tumors and with poor relapse-free survival of patients with ER-positive breast cancer. Their knockdown strongly impeded proliferation and induced apoptosis of both tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant cancer cells. Together, the study reveals ANCCA as a key mediator of kinesin family deregulation in breast cancer and the crucial role of multiple kinesins in growth and survival of the tumor cells.
Implications: These findings support the development of novel inhibitors of cancer-associated kinesins and their regulator ANCCA for effective treatment of cancers including tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers. Mol Cancer Res; 12(4); 539–49. ©2014 AACR.
The Effect of Salsalate Therapy on Endothelial Function in a Broad Range of Subjects
Authors: Nohria Anju , Kinlay Scott , Buck J. Stewart , Redline Whitney , Copeland‐Halperin Robert , Kim Sora , Beckman Joshua A. 
Published: January 2014

Background
Inflammation is fundamental to the development of atherosclerosis. We examined the effect of anti‐inflammatory doses of salicylate on endothelium‐dependent vasodilation, a biomarker of cardiovascular risk, in a broad range of subjects.

Methods and Results

We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial evaluating the effects of 4 weeks of high‐dose salsalate (disalicylate) therapy on endothelium‐dependent flow‐mediated and endothelium‐independent vasodilation. Fifty‐eight subjects, including 17 with metabolic syndrome, 13 with atherosclerosis, and 28 healthy controls, were studied. Among all subjects,
endothelium‐dependent flow‐mediated vasodilation
decreased after salsalate compared with placebo therapy (
P
=0.01), whereas nitroglycerin‐mediated, endothelium‐independent vasodilation was unchanged (
P
=0.97).
Endothelium‐dependent flow‐mediated vasodilation
after salsalate therapy was impaired compared with placebo therapy in subjects with therapeutic salicylate levels (n=31,
P
<0.02) but not in subjects with subtherapeutic levels (
P
>0.2).

Conclusions
Salsalate therapy, particularly when therapeutic salicylate levels are achieved, impairs endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in a broad range of subjects. These data raise concern about the possible deleterious effects of anti‐inflammatory doses of salsalate on cardiovascular risk.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifiers: NCT00760019 and NCT00762827.
A randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single-pill combination of telmisartan 80 mg/amlodipine 5 mg versus amlodipine 5 mg in hypertensive Asian patients
Authors: Zhu Dingliang , Gao Pingjin , Holtbruegge Werner , Huang Chenglei 
Published: January 2014

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of telmisartan 80 mg/amlodipine 5 mg (T80/A5) single-pill combination versus A5 in patients with essential hypertension not adequately controlled on A5 monotherapy. Methods Asian patients ≥18 years old, with inadequately controlled blood pressure (BP) at enrolment, who failed to achieve a seated diastolic BP (DBP) goal (≥90 mmHg) following 6-weeks’ open-label A5 treatment, were randomly allocated 1 : 1 to 8 weeks’ double-blind treatment with T80/A5 single-pill combination or A5. Results A total of 324 patients entered the double-blind treatment phase. The adjusted mean ± SE reduction in seated trough DBP from baseline to week 8 was significantly greater with T80/A5 (12.4 ± 1.0 mmHg) than A5 (10.2 ± 0.9 mmHg [primary endpoint, n = 314]). Results were similar in the subset of 262 Chinese patients. Treatment-related adverse events were 1.9% with T80/A5 and 2.4% with A5. Conclusions In Asian patients with hypertension, T80/A5 single-pill combination provided improved BP reduction after 8 weeks’ treatment compared with A5 monotherapy. Both treatments were well tolerated.
Development of an experimental model to study trigeminal nerve-mediated vasodilation on the human forehead
Authors: Ibrahimi K , Vermeersch S , Danser AHJ , Villalón CM , van den Meiracker AH , de Hoon J , MaassenVanDenBrink A 
Published: January 2014

Background During migraine, trigeminal sensory nerve terminals release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), inducing nociception and vasodilation. Applied on the skin, capsaicin activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel and releases CGRP from sensory nerve terminals, thus increasing dermal blood flow (DBF). Using capsaicin application and electrical stimulation of the forehead skin, a trigeminal nerve-innervated dermatome, we aimed to develop a model to measure trigeminal nerve-mediated vasodilation in humans. Methods Using laser Doppler imaging, forehead DBF responses to application of capsaicin (0.06 mg/ml and 6.0 mg/ml) and saline, with and without iontophoresis, were studied in healthy subjects. The within-subject coefficient of variation (WCV) of repeated DBF measurements was calculated to assess reproducibility. Results Maximal DBF responses to 6.0 mg/ml capsaicin with and without iontophoresis did not differ (Emax 459 ± 32 and 424 ± 32 arbitrary units (a.u.), WCV 6 ± 4%). In contrast, DBF responses to 0.06 mg/ml capsaicin were significantly larger with than without iontophoresis (Emax 307 ± 60 versus 187 ± 21 a.u., WCV 21 ± 13%). Saline with iontophoresis significantly increased DBF (Emax: 245 ± 26 a.u, WCV 11 ± 8%), while saline application without iontophoresis did not affect DBF. Conclusion Topical application of capsaicin and electrical stimulation induce reproducible forehead DBF increases and therefore are suitable to study trigeminal nerve-mediated vasodilation in humans.
Chirp stimulation: H-response short and dynamic
Authors: Gantenbein Andreas R , Sandor Peter S , Goadsby Peter J , Kaube Holger 
Published: January 2014

Background Migraine patients have an increased photic-driving response. This ‘H-response’ (HR) has potential diagnostic value but it is time consuming. Aim The aim of the study was to establish a fast and standardized test for the study of migraine biology and treatment. Methods We studied 11 migraine patients and 11 matched control participants. We used stroboscope flashes with a ‘chirp’-like linear frequency-increase from 10 to 40 Hz. EEG was recorded from occipital electrodes. Power spectral density was calculated for the stimulus response and corrected for baseline. An HR-estimator was calculated as the average power between 18 and 26 Hz in the stimulation-frequency window. Results There was a significant difference for single ( p < 0.05) and for 10 averaged recordings ( p < 0.01) between migraineurs and controls, and a high inter-test reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94). Conclusion Chirp-like stimulation to study the H-response is reliable and efficient and might therefore have a potential for acute interventional studies in migraine research.