bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current anti‐epileptic treatment in women of childbearing age
Authors: Tomson Torbjörn 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe treatment of epilepsy in women of childbearing age requires special considerations. Pregnancies should ideally be planned allowing for appropriate treatment adjustments before conception. The prescribing physician therefore needs to be aware of the pharmacokinetic interactions between enzyme‐inducing anti‐epileptic drugs (AED) and oral contraceptives, and also of the effect of estradiol‐containing contraceptives on lamotrigine. The pharmacological treatment of epilepsy during pregnancy aims at controlling generalized tonic–clonic seizures with minimized exposure to potentially teratogenic drugs. Research has shown differences between AED in their teratogenic potential. Whereas, valproate has been associated with greater risks for malformations and adverse effects on cognition than carbamazepine and lamotrgine, the teratogenic risks with the latter two AED appears to be limited. Risks appear to increase with the dose. Our knowledge of the safety of other newer AED is still insufficient. The teratogenic risks should be balanced against the need for seizure control, which can be challenging, as serum concentrations of AED might be affected by pregnancy. This is most pronounced for lamotrigine, but is also relevant for other AED. The general strategy is to select the most appropriate AED for the individual woman taking efficacy as well as teratogenic potential into account and to try out, before conception, the lowest effective dose. Once this has been established, it is recommended to measure the serum concentration of the drug that will serve as a reference for drug concentrations obtained during pregnancy. After delivery, breast‐feeding can usually be recommended.
The purine metabolite allantoin enhances abiotic stress tolerance through synergistic activation of abscisic acid metabolism
Authors: WATANABE SHUNSUKE , MATSUMOTO MAYUMI , HAKOMORI YUKI , TAKAGI HIROSHI , SHIMADA HIROSHI , SAKAMOTO ATSUSHI 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurine catabolism is regarded as a housekeeping function that remobilizes nitrogen for plant growth and development. However, emerging evidence suggests that certain purine metabolites might contribute to stress protection of plants. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, the intermediary metabolite allantoin plays a role in abiotic stress tolerance via activation of abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism. The aln loss‐of‐function of ALN, encoding allantoinase, results in increased allantoin accumulation, genome‐wide up‐regulation of stress‐related genes and enhanced tolerance to drought‐shock and osmotic stress in aln mutant seedlings. This phenotype is not caused by a general response to purine catabolism inhibition, but rather results from a specific effect of allantoin. Allantoin activates ABA production both through increased transcription of NCED3, encoding a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis, and through post‐translational activation via high‐molecular‐weight complex formation of BG1, a β‐glucosidase hydrolysing glucose‐conjugated ABA. Exogenous application of allantoin to wild‐type plants also activates the two ABA‐producing pathways that lead to ABA accumulation and stress‐responsive gene expression, but this effect is abrogated in ABA‐deficient and BG1‐knockout mutants. We propose that purine catabolism functions not only in nitrogen metabolism, but also in stress tolerance by influencing ABA production, which is mediated by the possible regulatory action of allantoin.
Risk factors for acute pancreatitis in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities
Authors: Tamasaki Akiko , Nishimura Yoko , Kondo Noriko , Shirai Kentaro , Maegaki Yoshihiro , Ohno Kousaku 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcute pancreatitis in patients with severe motor and intellectual disability (SMID) is a rare but life‐threatening condition. Possible causes of acute pancreatitis in these patients including valproic acid therapy, hypothermia and nasoduodenal tube feeding, have not yet been investigated in detail. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the risk factors for acute pancreatitis in patients with SMID.MethodsFive SMID patients with acute pancreatitis and 15 SMID patients without acute pancreatitis were reviewed. Age; serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, and albumin; height; bodyweight; body surface area; body mass index; daily calorie intake; daily calorie intake per unit of body mass surface area; daily calorie intake per kilogram bodyweight; and valproic acid usage were examined.ResultsA statistically significant difference was observed in serum albumin level between the two groups (P = 0.026).ConclusionThe mechanism of acute pancreatitis in these patients was considered as pancreatic morphological change, acinar damage, and elevated serum trypsinogen level caused by malnutrition. It is likely that acute pancreatitis in patients with SMID occurs due to the same mechanism as in anorexia nervosa and malnourished patients. To prevent acute pancreatitis in these patients, it is important to maintain adequate nutritional status.
Incidence and prediction of outcome in hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy in Japan
Authors: Hayakawa Masahiro , Ito Yushi , Saito Shigeru , Mitsuda Nobuaki , Hosono Sigeharu , Yoda Hitoshi , Cho Kazutoshi , Otsuki Katsufumi , Ibara Satoshi , Terui Katsuo , Masumoto Kouji , Murakoshi Takeshi , Nakai Akihito , Tanaka Mamoru , Nakamura Tomohiko ,   Executive Committee, Symposium on Japan Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundHypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most critical pathologic conditions in neonatal medicine due to the potential for neurological deficits in later life. We investigated the incidence of term infants with moderate or severe HIE in Japan and identified prognostic risk factors for poor outcome in HIE.MethodsData on 227 infants diagnosed with moderate or severe HIE and born between January and December 2008 were collected via nationwide surveys from 263 responding hospitals. Using logistic regression, we examined the relationship between maternal, antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal risk factors and clinical outcome at 18 months following birth.ResultsIn Japan, the incidence of moderate or severe HIE was 0.37 per 1000 term live births. Outborn births, low Apgar score at 5 min, use of epinephrine, and low cord blood pH were intrapartum factors significantly associated with neurodevelopmental delay and death at 18 months. Serum lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (all, P < 0.001) and creatine kinase (P = 0.002) were significantly higher in infants with poor outcome compared to those with favorable outcomes. Abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an important prognostic factor, was significantly associated with poor outcome (odds ratio, 11.57; 95% confidence interval: 5.66–23.64; P < 0.001).ConclusionsRisk factors predicting poor outcome in HIE include outborn birth, low Apgar score at 5 min, use of epinephrine, laboratory abnormalities, and abnormal MRI findings.
Role of IL‐4Rα during acute schistosomiasis in mice
Authors: Ndlovu H. , Brombacher F. 
Published: October 2013

SummarySchistosomiasis is an important parasitic disease that causes major host morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. Research conducted in mouse models of schistosomiasis has provided great insights and understanding of how host protective immunity is orchestrated and key cellular populations involved in this process. Earlier studies using cytokine‐deficient mice demonstrated the importance of IL‐4 and IL‐10 in mediating host survival during acute schistosomiasis. Subsequent studies employing transgenic mice carrying cell‐specific deletion of IL‐4Rα generated using the Cre/LoxP recombination system have been instrumental in providing more in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms conferring host resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection. In this review, we will summarize the contributions of IL‐4/IL‐13‐responsive cellular populations in host resistance during acute schistosomiasis and their role in limiting tissue pathology.
Why is it so difficult to identify a single indicator of water stress in plants? A proposal for a multivariate analysis to assess emergent properties
Authors: Bertolli S. C. , Mazzafera P. , Souza G. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBecause of the complexity of plant responses to water deficit, researchers have attempted to identify simplified models to understand critical aspects of the problem by searching for single indicators that would enable evaluations of the effects of environmental changes on the entire plant. However, this reductionist approach, which is often used in plant sciences, makes it difficult to distinguish systemic emergent behaviours. Currently, a new class of models and epistemology have called attention to the fundamental properties of complex systems. These properties, termed ‘emergent’, are observed at a large scale of the system (top hierarchical level) but cannot be observed or inferred from smaller scales of observation in the same system. We propose that multivariate statistical analysis can provide a suitable tool to quantify global responses to water deficit, allowing a specific and partially quantitative assessment of emergent properties. Based on an experimental study, our results showed that the classical approach of the individual analysis of different data sets might provide different interpretations for the observed effects of water deficit. These results support the hypothesis that a cross‐scale multivariate analysis is an appropriate method to establish models for systemic understanding of the interactions between plants and their changing environment.
Clustering of Neonatal Deaths inBangladesh: Results From theProjahnmo Studies
Authors: Nonyane Bareng A. S. , Williams Emma K. , Blauvelt Carla , Shah Mohammad R. , Darmstadt Gary L. , Moulton Lawrence , Baqui Abdullah H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal mortality (NM) tends to be clustered within a small subset of mothers, households and/or geographical areas. Knowledge of the maternal and newborn factors associated withNMcan help identify high‐risk mothers and guide the targeting of intervention programmes.MethodData from pregnancy history surveys conducted as part of theProject forAdvancing theHealth ofNewborns andMothers (Projahnmo) inSylhet andMirzapur districts ofBangladesh were used to investigate risk factors forNM. We analysed data from babies born between 2001 and 2005 in the control clusters of theProjahnmo trials. Generalised linear mixed models were applied to quantify the heterogeneity among mothers and to investigate factors that contribute to this heterogeneity.ResultsThere was an indication of correlation among siblings' outcomes. Neonates whose preceding sibling had died as a neonate in the mothers' lifetime pregnancy history were more likely (up to 1.9 times) to die than those with a living sibling. Factors that varied at the child and mother levels as well as the preceding siblings' outcome explained a large proportion (60% inSylhet and 70% inMirzapur) of the between‐mother variation inNM.ConclusionThe preceding sibling's outcome may be a surrogate for genetic and other maternal health factors such as nutrition, infection or environmental factors that were not measured withinProjahnmo. Further research into these factors is required in order to explain the variation in the risk forNM.
Association Between Transient Hypothyroxinaemia of Prematurity and Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Low‐Birthweight Cohort: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Korzeniewski Steven J. , Pinto‐Martin Jennifer A. , Whitaker Agnes H. , Feldman Judith F. , Lorenz John M. , Levy Susan E. , Movsas Tammy Z. , Pappas Athina , Paneth Nigel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTransient hypothyroxinaemia of prematurity (THOP) is associated with increased risk of cerebral palsy and lower IQ in low‐birthweight infants. This study explores whether THOP is also associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).MethodsThis secondary analysis uses data from a birth cohort of newborns weighing 500 –2000 g (n = 1105) who were followed to age 21 years, when they were assessed for ASD in the second of a two‐stage process. Of the 187 assessed at age 21, 14 had ASD. Neonatal thyroxine results were available for 12/14 and 165/173 participants diagnosed with and without ASD, respectively. THOP was defined as thyroxine z‐score <−2.6. Unadjusted relative risks (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsThe mean neonatal thyroxine z‐score in young adults diagnosed with ASD was 0.5 SD lower [95% CI −0.16, 1.06] than in those without ASD. Participants with THOP were at 2.5‐fold greater risk of ASD (RR 2.5 [95% CI 0.7, 8.4]). While neither of these differences was statistically significant, in a secondary subgroup analysis of those whose mothers did not have hypertension during pregnancy, THOP significantly increased the RR for ASD (5.0 [95% CI 1.2, 20.5]).ConclusionWhile the primary relation between THOP and ASD found here is not statistically significant, the magnitude of association and significant relationship observed in the subgroup whose mothers did not have hypertension during pregnancy suggest that it is worthy of further investigation.
Liberal Ethnic Nationalism, Universality, and Cornish Identity
Authors: Willett Joanie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWithin the liberal paradigm, ethnic nationalism and identity are often conceptualized as ‘exclusive’, lacking the capacity for universal membership (Ipperciel 2007; Kohn 1946; Kymlicka 1995), and is juxtaposed against ‘inclusive’, civic forms of identity. This article problematizes this claim, asking whether civic territorial identities also contain their own forms of exclusion. Using the New Regionalism and the identity politics of contemporary economic development, this article explores civic/ethnic identities in Cornwall in the context of Agnew's (2005) observations about contemporary liberal values. The article finds that, in Cornwall, civic forms of territorial identity that distance themselves from ethnic Cornishness are more exclusive than contemporary ethnic nationalism in the region, introducing economic rather than ethnic exclusions. This raises questions about why ethnic identity can be negatively characterized in regional development discourses and what the effects of this might be.
Performing Identities on a Dutch River Dike: National Identity and Diverging Lifestyles
Authors: Terlouw Kees 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe creation of a national identity shared by the whole population becomes increasingly difficult in individualizing and globalizing national societies. The national population fragments into many lifestyle groups with very different social and cultural orientations. The enactment of these different lifestyle identities during leisure activities accentuates these differences. However, these different identities are sometimes performed on the same spatial stage. The main part of this article analyses the use of the dike along the river Linge, a part the Rhine estuary, which, lined with apple trees, cuts through an iconic Dutch river landscape with polders, old villages and meadows with quietly grazing cattle. Especially during the weekends, it is a stage crowded by walkers, cyclists, classic car drivers, and motorcyclists. The importance attached to this river dike is linked to a shared traditional form of Dutch collective national identity. The different uses of the river dike are based to the diverging values on which the different lifestyles are based. This results in conflicts over the use of and access to the dike. The role of the state in regulating these conflicts results in a more limited form of national identity.
Tuning in to Teens: Improving Parent Emotion Socialization to Reduce Youth Internalizing Difficulties
Authors: Kehoe Christiane E. , Havighurst Sophie S. , Harley Ann E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractResearch in child development suggests that parents' emotional competence and emotion socialization practices are related to children's emotional functioning, including child internalizing difficulties. This research has not yet been translated into intervention or prevention programs targeting parents of older children and adolescents. The current study examined the efficacy of the Tuning in to Teens parenting program in improving emotion socialization practices in parents of preadolescents and reducing youth internalizing difficulties. Schools were randomized into intervention and control conditions. Data were collected from 225 parents and 224 youth during the young person's final year of elementary school (sixth grade) and again 10 months later in their first year of secondary school (seventh grade). Multilevel analyses showed significant improvements in parental emotion socialization and reductions in youth internalizing difficulties for the intervention condition. This study provides support for the efficacy of the TINT parenting program with a community sample.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms at the 9p21.3 genomic region not associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: García‐Bermúdez M. , López‐Mejías R. , Genre F. , Castañeda S. , González‐Juanatey C. , Llorca J. , Corrales A. , Miranda‐Filloy J. A. , Pina T. , Gómez‐Vaquero C. , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez L. , Fernández‐Gutiérrez B. , Pascual‐Salcedo D. , Balsa A. , López‐Longo F. J. , Carreira P. , Blanco R. , González‐Álvaro I. , Martín J. , González‐Gay M. A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic polygenic inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we evaluated the potential association of 9p21.3 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) – previously linked to coronary artery disease – and CVD risk in 2001 Spanish RA patients genotyped for 9p21.3 SNPs using TaqMan™ assays. Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and presence of carotid plaques were also analyzed. Cox regression model did not disclose significant differences between patients who experienced CVD and those who did not. Neither association was found between cIMT or carotid plaques and SNPs allele distribution. In conclusion, results do not support a role of rs10116277 or rs1537375 SNPs in CVD risk in Spanish RA patients.
Diabetes mellitus in Jamaica: sex differences in burden, risk factors, awareness, treatment and control in a developing country
Authors: Cunningham‐Myrie Colette , Younger‐Coleman Novie , Tulloch‐Reid Marshall , McFarlane Shelly , Francis Damian , Ferguson Trevor , Gordon‐Strachan Georgiana , Wilks Rainford 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to provide valid estimates of the burden of and risk factors for diabetes mellitus by sex in Jamaica, a predominantly Black, middle‐income and developing country.MethodsThe Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2008 examined a nationally representative sample of 2848 Jamaicans aged 15–74. Parameter estimates and 95% confidence intervals [CI] were weighted for non‐response as well as age and sex of the source population. Sex differences in risk factors and diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment and control were estimated in multivariable models. Population‐attributable fractions (PAFs) of obesity on diabetes mellitus were estimated in both sexes.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 7.9% (95% CI: 6.7–9.1%), significantly higher in women than men 9.3% vs. 6.4% (P = 0.02) and increasing with age. Seventy‐six percentage of persons with diabetes mellitus were aware of their status; urban women and rural men were less likely to be aware. Diabetes control (43% overall) was less common in higher‐income men, but more common in higher‐income women. Persons without health insurance were less likely to control their diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes risk factors was higher in women than men. Increased waist circumference (≥94 cm [men]/≥80 cm [women]), overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) and low physical activity/inactivity were associated with PAFs for diabetes mellitus of 27%, 37% and 15%, respectively, in men and 77%, 54% and 24%, respectively, in women.ConclusionsPrevalence of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors is high in Jamaica, especially among women, and national programmes to stem the diabetes mellitus epidemic should take these sex differences into consideration.
Clinical outcome and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 expression in five dogs with solar dermatitis/actinic keratosis treated with firocoxib
Authors: Albanese Francesco , Abramo Francesca , Caporali Chiara , Vichi Gaia , Millanta Francesca 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThe conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin is catalysed by the cyclo‐oxygenases (COX‐1/COX‐2). Several studies indicate that COX‐2 is overexpressed in actinic keratosis in humans and dogs. Firocoxib is a COX‐2‐selective inhibitor that blocks the biochemical activity of COX‐2.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of firocoxib (5 mg/kg orally once daily) for the treatment of dogs with solar dermatitis/actinic keratosis.MethodsFirocoxib 5 mg/kg was given orally once daily for 180 days to five dogs with clinical signs and histopathological lesions consistent with solar dermatitis/actinic keratosis. On days 0, 50 and 180, the severity of erythema, skin shine, induration and the number of comedones were evaluated by a clinical scoring system. On the same days, samples were collected for histopathology from ‘target lesions’ and COX‐2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe clinical follow‐up showed that four of five dogs improved with the treatment; improvement in terms of histological findings was correlated with the regularization of the epidermal proliferation rather than the recovery of dermal changes.Conclusions and clinical importanceA role for COX‐2 might thus be hypothesized in the pathogenesis of canine solar dermatitis.