bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist model of schizophrenia to treatments for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
Authors: Meltzer Herbert Y. , Rajagopal Lakshmi , Huang Mei , Oyamada Yoshihiro , Kwon Sunoh , Horiguchi Masakuni 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, phencyclidine (PCP), dizocilpine (MK-801), or ketamine, given subchronically (sc) to rodents and primates, produce prolonged deficits in cognitive function, including novel object recognition (NOR), an analog of human declarative memory, one of the cognitive domains impaired in schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) have been reported to improve declarative memory in some patients with schizophrenia, as well as to ameliorate and prevent the NOR deficit in rodents following scNMDAR antagonist treatment. While the efficacy of AAPDs to improve cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (CIS) is limited, at best, and controversial, single doses of all currently available AAPDs so far tested transiently restore NOR in rodents following scNMDAR antagonist treatment. Typical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), e.g. haloperidol and perphenazine, are ineffective in this rodent model, and may be less effective as treatments of some domains of CIS. Serotonergic mechanisms, including, but not limited to serotonin (5-HT)2A and 5-HT7 antagonism, 5-HT1A, and GABA(A) agonism, contribute to the efficacy of the AAPDs in the scNMDAR antagonist rodent models, which are relevant to the loss of GABA interneuron/hyperglutamate hypothesis of the etiology of CIS. The ability of sub-effective doses of the atypical APDs to ameliorate NOR in the scNMDAR-treated rodents can be restored by the addition of a sub-effective dose of the 5-HT1A partial agonist, tandospirone, or the 5-HT7 antagonist, SB269970. The mGluR2/3 agonist, LY379268, which itself is unable to restore NOR in the scNMDAR-treated rodents, can also restore NOR when given with lurasidone, an AAPD. Enhancing cortical and hippocampal dopamine and acetylcholine efflux, or both, may contribute to the restoration of NOR by the atypical APDs. Importantly, co-administration of lurasidone, tandospirone, or SB269970, with PCP, to rodents, at doses 5–10 fold greater than those acutely effective to restore NOR following scNMDAR treatment, prevents the effect of scPCP to produce an enduring deficit in NOR. This difference in dosage may be relevant to utilizing AAPDs to prevent the onset of CIS in individuals at high risk for developing schizophrenia. The scNMDAR paradigm may be useful for identifying possible means to treat and prevent CIS.
Knowledge is power? The role of experiential knowledge in genetically ‘risky’ reproductive decisions
Authors: Boardman Felicity K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractKnowledge of the condition being tested for is increasingly acknowledged as an important factor in prenatal testing and screening decisions. An analysis of the way in which family members living with an inheritable condition use and value this knowledge has much to add to debates about whether and how this type of knowledge could be made available to prospective parents facing screening decisions. This article reports on in‐depth interviews (conducted between 2007 and 2009) with 61 people with a genetic condition, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in their family. Many participants reported that their intimate familial knowledge of SMA offered them valuable insights with which they could imagine future lives. Other participants, however, found themselves trapped between their experiential knowledge of SMA and their (often) competing responsibility to maintain the wellbeing of their family. Still, others established a hierarchy of knowledge to rank the authenticity of different family member's accounts of SMA in order to discredit or justify their decisions. This article highlights the way in which experiential knowledge of the condition being tested for cannot be unproblematically assumed to be a useful resource in the context of prenatal testing decisions and may actually constrain reproductive decisions.
Improving Satellite-Based Convective Cloud Growth Monitoring with Visible Optical Depth Retrievals
Authors: Sieglaff Justin M. , Cronce Lee M. , Feltz Wayne F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe use of geostationary satellites for monitoring the development of deep convective clouds has been recently well documented. One such approach, the University of Wisconsin Cloud-Top Cooling Rate (CTC) algorithm, utilizes frequent Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) observations to diagnose the vigor of developing convective clouds through monitoring cooling rates of infrared window brightness temperature imagery. The CTC algorithm was modified to include GOES visible optical depth retrievals for the purpose of identifying growing convective clouds in regions of thin cirrus clouds. An automated objective skill analysis of the two CTC versions (with and without the GOES visible optical depth) versus a variety of Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) fields was performed using a cloud-object tracking system developed at the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies. The skill analysis was performed in a manner consistent with a recent study employing the same cloud-object tracking system. The analysis indicates that the inclusion of GOES visible optical depth retrievals in the CTC algorithm increases probability of detection and critical success index scores for all NEXRAD fields studied and slightly decreases false alarm ratios for most NEXRAD thresholds. In addition to better identifying vertically growing storms in regions of thin cirrus clouds, the analysis further demonstrates that the strongest cooling rates associated with developing convection are more reliably detected with the inclusion of visible optical depth and that storms that achieve intense reflectivity and large radar-estimated hail exhibit strong cloud-top cooling rates in much higher proportions than they do without the inclusion of visible optical depth.
Simulation of the South Asian Monsoon in a Coupled Model with an Embedded Cloud-Resolving Model
Authors: Krishnamurthy V. , Stan Cristiana , Randall David A. , Shukla Ravi P. , Kinter James L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The simulation of the South Asian monsoon by a coupled ocean–atmosphere model with an embedded cloud-resolving model is analyzed on intraseasonal and interannual time scales. The daily modes of variability in the superparameterized Community Climate System Model, version 3 (SP-CCSM), are compared with those in observation, the superparameterized Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (SP-CAM3), and the control simulation of CCSM (CT-CCSM) with conventional parameterization of convection. The CT-CCSM fails to simulate the observed intraseasonal oscillations but is able to generate the atmospheric El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode, although with regular biennial variability. The dominant modes of variability extracted from daily anomalies of outgoing longwave radiation, precipitation, and low-level horizontal wind in SP-CCSM consist of two intraseasonal oscillations and two seasonally persisting modes, in good agreement with observation. The most significant observed features of the intraseasonal oscillations correctly simulated by the SP-CCSM are the northward propagation of convection, precipitation, and circulation as well as the eastward and westward propagations. The observed spatial structure and the periods of the oscillations are also well captured by the SP-CCSM, although with lesser magnitude. The SP-CCSM is able to simulate the chaotic variability and spatial structure of the seasonally persisting atmospheric ENSO mode, while the evidence for the Indian Ocean dipole mode is inconclusive. The SP-CAM3 simulates two intraseasonal oscillations and the atmospheric ENSO mode. However, the intraseasonal oscillations in SP-CAM3 do not show northward propagation while their periods and spatial structures are not comparable to observation. The results of this study indicate the necessity of coupled models with sufficiently realistic cloud parameterizations.
Time-dependent diffusion tensor changes of optic nerve in patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy
Authors: Li J , Shi W , Li M , Wang Z , He H , Xian J , Lv B , Yan F 
Published: October 2013

Background Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) is a devastating cause of permanent visual loss. Axonal degeneration, the characteristic pathological change of ITON, cannot be assessed by conventional imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been widely used as a sensitive non-invasive imaging technique to obtain information on axonal integrity. Purpose To study time-dependent changes in ITON patients with DTI and to provide imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Material and Methods We enrolled 28 subjects with unilateral ITON who underwent detailed ocular examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. The differences between injured optic nerve (ON) and contralateral ON were tested. The patients were divided into three groups based on time (from injury to examination). Groups 1, 2, and 3 corresponded to the time taken from injury to examination: <7 days, 7–30 days, and >30 days, respectively. DT magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) differences among the groups were compared, including the relationship between diffusion parameters and mean thicknesses of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) in the macular area. Results Compared with contralateral ON, we observed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) of injured nerves in group 2. Reduced FA and decreased axial diffusivity (λ//) and increased radial diffusivity (λ┴) and mean diffusivity (MD) of injured nerves were observed in group 3. The mean FA value of injured nerves showed a progressive decreasing trend, and mean λ┴ value exhibited a progressive increasing trend. For injured eyes, the MD and λ┴ increases strongly correlated with the decreased mean thicknesses of RNFL and GCC. Conversely, FA was significantly associated with mean RNFL thickness. Conclusion DT-MRI parameters could be useful biomarkers in detecting ON changes in ITON patients.
The new French 2010 Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus causes an RHD-like disease in the Sardinian Cape hare (Lepus capensis mediterraneus)
Authors: Puggioni Giantonella , Cavadini Patrizia , Maestrale Caterina , Scivoli Rosario , Botti Giuliana , Ligios Ciriaco , Le Gall-Reculé Ghislaine , Lavazza Antonio , Capucci Lorenzo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Lagovirus is an emerging genus of Caliciviridae, which includes the Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) of hares that cause lethal hepatitis. In 2010, a new RHDV related virus (RHDV2) with a unique genetic and antigenic profile and lower virulence was identified in France in rabbits. Here we report the identification of RHDV2 as the cause in Sardinia of several outbreaks of acute hepatitis in rabbits and Cape hare (Lepus capensis mediterraneus). This is the first account of a lagovirus that causes fatal hepatitis in both rabbits and hares.
Comparative efficacy of long-acting bronchodilators for COPD - a network meta-analysis
Authors: Cope Shannon , Donohue James F , Jansen Jeroen P , Kraemer Matthias , Capkun-Niggli Gorana , Baldwin Michael , Buckley Felicity , Ellis Alexandra , Jones Paul 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundClinicians are faced with an increasingly difficult choice regarding the optimal bronchodilator for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) given the number of new treatments. The objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative efficacy of indacaterol 75/150/300 μg once daily (OD), glycopyrronium bromide 50 μg OD, tiotropium bromide 18 μg/5 μg OD, salmeterol 50 μg twice daily (BID), formoterol 12 μg BID, and placebo for moderate to severe COPD.MethodsForty randomized controlled trials were combined in a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Outcomes of interest were trough and post-dose forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score and responders (≥4 points), and Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) score and responders (≥1 point) at 6 months.ResultsIndacaterol was associated with a higher trough FEV1than other active treatments (difference for indacaterol 150 μg and 300 μg versus placebo: 152 mL (95% credible interval (CrI): 126, 179); 160 mL (95% CrI: 133, 187)) and the greatest improvement in SGRQ score (difference for indacaterol 150 μg and 300 μg versus placebo: -3.9 (95% CrI -5.2, -2.6); -3.6 (95% CrI -4.8, -2.3)). Glycopyrronium and tiotropium 18 μg resulted in the next best estimates for both outcomes with minor differences (difference for glycopyrronium versus tiotropium for trough FEV1and SGRQ: 18 mL (95% CrI: -16, 51); -0.55 (95% CrI: -2.04, 0.92).ConclusionIn terms of trough FEV1and SGRQ score indacaterol, glycopyrronium, and tiotropium are expected to be the most effective bronchodilators.
Long non-coding RNA MEG3 inhibits NSCLC cells proliferation and induces apoptosis by affecting p53 expression
Authors: Lu Kai-hua , Li Wei , Liu Xiang-hua , Sun Ming , Zhang Mei-ling , Wu Wei-qin , Xie Wei-ping , Hou Ya-yi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Long non-coding RNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis, hence, identification of cancer-associated lncRNAs and investigation of their biological functions and molecular mechanisms are important for understanding the development and progression of cancer. Recently, the downregulation of lncRNA MEG3 has been observed in various human cancers. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern of MEG3 in NSCLC and to evaluate its biological role and clinical significance in tumor progression.

Methods
Expression of MEG3 was analyzed in 44 NSCLC tissues and 7 NSCLC cell lines by qRT-PCR. Over-expression approaches were used to investigate the biological functions of MEG3 in NSCLC cells. Bisulfite sequencing was used to investigate DNA methylation on MEG3 expression. The effect of MEG3 on proliferation was evaluated by MTT and colony formation assays, and cell apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst staining and Flow-cytometric analysis. NSCLC cells transfected with pCDNA-MEG3 were injection into nude mice to study the effect of MEG3 on tumorigenesis in vivo . Protein levels of MEG3 targets were determined by western blot analysis. Differences between groups were tested for significance using Student’s t-test (two-tailed).

Results

MEG3 expression was decreased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissues compared with normal tissues, and associated with advanced pathologic stage, and tumor size. Moreover, patients with lower levels of MEG3 expression had a relatively poor prognosis. Overexpression of MEG3 decreased NSCLC cells proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and impeded tumorigenesis in vivo. MDM2 and p53 protein levels were affected by MEG3 over-expression in vitro.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that MEG3 is significantly down-regulated in NSCLC tissues that could be affected by DNA methylation, and regulates NSCLC cell proliferation and apoptosis, partially via the activition of p53. Thus, MEG3 may represent a new marker of poor prognosis and is a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC intervention.
Drug-related harm among people who inject drugs in Thailand: summary findings from the Mitsampan Community Research Project
Authors: Hayashi Kanna , Ti Lianping , Fairbairn Nadia , Kaplan Karyn , Suwannawong Paisan , Wood Evan , Kerr Thomas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
For decades, Thailand has experienced high rates of illicit drug use and related harms. In response, the Thai government has relied on drug law enforcement to address this problem. Despite these efforts, high rates of drug use persist, and Thailand has been contending with an enduring epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among people who inject drugs (IDU).

Methods
In response to concerns regarding drug-related harm in Thailand and a lack of research focused on the experiences and needs of Thai IDU, the Mitsampan Community Research Project was launched in 2008. The project involved administering surveys capturing a range of behavioral and other data to community-recruited IDU in Bangkok in 2008 and 2009.

Results
In total, 468 IDU in Bangkok were enrolled in the project. Results revealed high rates of midazolam injection, non-fatal overdose and incarceration. Syringe sharing remained widespread among this population, driven primarily by problems with access to syringes and methamphetamine injection. As well, reports of police abuse were common and found to be associated with high-risk behavior. Problems with access to evidence-based drug treatment and HIV prevention programs were also documented. Although compulsory drug detention centers are widely used in Thailand, data suggested that these centers have little impact on drug use behaviors among IDU in Bangkok.

Conclusions
The findings from this project highlight many ongoing health and social problems related to illicit drug use and drug policies in Bangkok. They also suggest that the emphasis on criminal justice approaches has resulted in human rights violations at the hands of police, and harms associated with compulsory drug detention and incarceration. Collectively, the findings indicate the urgent need for the implementation of evidence-based policies and programs in this setting.
Surveillance of avian influenza virus type A in semi-scavenging ducks in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Amina , Giasuddin Mohammed , Islam Kazi Mehetazul , Khanom Sazeda , Samad Mohammed Abdus , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Noor Monira , Bhuiyan Jamal Uddin , Kim Won-Il , Eo Seong Kug , Rahman Md Masudur 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Ducks are the natural reservoir of influenza A virus and the central host for highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), while domestic ducks rearing in semi-scavenging system could serve as re-assortment vessels for re-emerging new subtypes of influenza viruses between birds to human. Avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance in Bangladesh has been passive, relying on poultry farmers to report suspected outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza. Here, the results of an active surveillance effort focusing on the semi-scavenging ducks are presented.

Result
A total of 2100 cloacal swabs and 2100 sera were collected from semi-scavenging ducks from three wintering-sites of Bangladesh during three successive winter seasons, December through February in the years between 2009 and 2012. Virus isolation and identification were carried out from the cloacal swabs by virus propagation in embryonated hen eggs followed by amplification of viral RNA using Avian influenza virus (AIV) specific RT-PCR. The overall prevalence of avian influenza type A was 22.05% for swab samples and 39.76% ducks were sero-positive for avian influenza type A antibody. Extremely low sero-prevalence (0.09%) of AIV H5N1 was detected.

Conclusions
Based on our surveillance results, we conclude that semi-scavenging ducks in Bangladesh might play important role in transmitting Avian Influenza virus (AIV) type A. However, the current risk of infection for humans from domestic ducks in Bangladesh is negligible. We believe that this relatively large dataset over three winters in Bangladesh might create a strong foundation for future studies of AIV prevalence, evolution, and ecology in wintering sites around the globe.
Optimizing Well Delivery in Real-Time from Spud to Completion through Intelligent Use of Applied Data Management and Standards
Authors: Regan Matt , Igland Jan Kåre , Andresen Per-Arild 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Today, even relatively basic drilling operations generate substantial amounts of real-time data, both at surface and downhole, all paid for by the Operator. This data can stagnate as a commodity, archived in a database or a drawer. Or it can be transformed into an asset enabling optimized well delivery through immediate, informed, collaborative decision-making. This transformation from data object to value-adding asset is made by intelligent use of real-time data management that drives ergonomic data display - the right data to the right people at the right time - applied automated data analysis and monitoring by exception, and correlative and predictive techniques comparing real-time with planned, historical and ‘what-if’ data. Such sophisticated data management only becomes truly and consistently effective when governed by industry-accepted standards, provided in a vendor-neutral manner that makes the raw data source irrelevant.
This paper describes the ongoing evolution of an independent real-time data management infrastructure, service and solution. This includes acquisition-to-application dataflow, all wholly within industry standards, powering a variety of data management and monitoring modules optimizing various well operations. Real world examples highlight how such solutions support the performance of wellbore construction teams to achieve their key goal: to deliver wells safely, quickly, accurately, consistently and cost-effectively.
Achieving Drilling Performance Improvement in Horizontal Tight Gas Field Development
Authors: Najwani Mohamed , Najwani Yaseen , Al Lawati Hani , Cockburn Colin , Heidari Mohammad Reza , Sanderson Martin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper outlines how a drilling team is meeting the challenge of drilling deep horizontal drain sections in a tight sandstone reservoir. It is intended to show how the application of existing technologies and processes is leading to performance gains and improvements in wellbore quality.
The full field development plan for the Khazzan project in Sultanate of Oman is based on drilling around 300 wells targeting gas producing horizons at measured depths of around 6,000m MD with 1000m horizontal sections. Target reservoirs are the Barik and Amin sandstones. The first attempt to drill these wells had to overcome many drilling challenges before finally achieving the well objectives. These challenges include wellbore instability and drilling dysfunctions, and it was clear that a more efficient solution was required.
The hard abrasive sandstone is considered towards the upper boundary of the industry operating window for Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) drill bits. A strategy had to be developed to maximize bit performance and penetration rates. Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) design and drilling tool selections were adapted to improve performance, which included the use of high performance motors and rotary steerable systems. The drilling fluid design was optimized to improve the wellbore stability and quality.
Torque and drag had to be carefully managed in order to deliver the deep kick off well profile. The rig team implemented procedures for monitoring hole conditions and this enabled them to take remedial action before any major drilling challenges developed. A web based real time data transfer system was put in place for the second well, which, in conjunction with a wider range of downhole sensors, allowed the drilling team to engage with global support functions and identify where performance improvements could be applied.
This paper will present how BP addressed a variety of drilling challenges for subsequent wells. The on-going improvement in performance will be presented and areas for future focus will be discussed.