bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision Medicine in Cardiology: An Evolving Understanding of Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease Prevention a 10-year Thematic Review
Authors: Borges Julian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Precision medicine, utilizing biomarkers for early detection and prevention of CAD, has emerged as a promising approach to improve patient outcomes. This systematic review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding biomarkers in CAD prevention, focusing on the most promising and well-studied biomarkers over the past decade.
Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2013 and 2023. Inclusion criteria were original research articles, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses focusing on biomarkers in CAD prevention, with sufficient data on biomarker performance. Exclusion criteria were case reports, editorials, conference abstracts, and studies on biomarkers in established CAD. The STARD “Standards for Reporting Diagnostic accuracy studies” 2015 guideline criteria for assessing diagnostic tools was also utilized to ensure the precision of the methodology and help readers to appraise the applicability of the study findings and the validity of conclusions and recommendations. The main outcome assessed was the association between biomarkers and CAD risk, using various statistical methods. The study is registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023 564048).
Findings: The search identified 2,345 articles, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria, including 32 original research articles, 6 systematic reviews, and 2 meta-analyses. The biomarkers studied included traditional risk factors (lipid profiles and blood pressure), novel biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and adipokines), and imaging biomarkers (coronary artery calcium scores and carotid intima-media thickness). Several studies demonstrated the association between these biomarkers and increased CAD risk, independent of traditional risk factors. Multi-marker approaches combining various biomarkers showed improved accuracy in CAD risk assessment compared to traditional risk factors alone. The risk of bias and variability between studies were assessed and reported.
Interpretation: This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of biomarkers in CAD prevention. While traditional risk factors remain important, novel and imaging biomarkers have shown promise in improving risk stratification and guiding personalized prevention strategies.
However, challenges remain in translating biomarker research into clinical practice, including the need for standardized guidelines, cost-effectiveness analyses, and further research on multi-marker approaches and personalized prevention strategies. Addressing these challenges and developing evidence-based guidelines for biomarker use in CAD prevention can improve risk assessment accuracy, tailor prevention strategies, and ultimately reduce the global burden of CAD.
A Mechanically Verified Garbage Collector for OCaml
Authors: Shamsu Sheera , Kaphle Dipesh , Maroo Dhruv , Nagar Kartik , Bhargavan Karthikeyan , KC Sivaramakrishnan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The OCaml programming language finds application across diverse domains, including systems programming, web development, scientific computing, formal verification, and symbolic mathematics. OCaml is a memory-safe programming language that uses a garbage collector (GC) to free unreachable memory. OCaml features a low-latency, high-performance GC, turned for functional programming. The GC has two generations -- a minor heap collected using a copying collector and a major heap collected using an incremental mark-and-sweep collector. Alongside the intricacies of an efficient GC design, OCaml compiler uses efficient object representations for some object classes, such as interior pointers for supporting mutually recursive functions, which further complicates the GC design. The GC is a critical component of the OCaml runtime system, and its correctness is essential for the safety of OCaml programs.
In this paper, we propose a strategy for crafting a correct, proof-oriented GC from scratch, designed to evolve over time with additional language features. Our approach neatly separates abstract GC correctness from OCaml-specific GC correctness, offering the ability to integrate further GC optimizations, while preserving core abstract GC correctness. As an initial step to demonstrate the viability of our approach, we have developed a verified stop-the-world mark-and-sweep GC for OCaml. The approach is fully mechanized in F* and its low-level subset Low*. We use the KaRaMel compiler to compile Low* to C, and integrate the verified GC with the OCaml runtime. Our GC is evaluated against off-the-shelf OCaml GC and Boehm-Demers-Weiser conservative GC, and the experimental results show that verified OCaml GC is competitive with the standard OCaml GC.
The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) of Foods Consumed by Nigerian Adults
Authors: Galya Bigman , Adebamowo Sally N. , Group Nutrition Epidemiology Research of Nigeria (NERON) , Adebamowo Clement A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Poor diet quality is a significant and modifiable risk factor associated with numerous non-communicable diseases. Despite its critical importance, there is a paucity of comprehensive data concerning diet quality in Nigeria. In this study, we evaluated the healthiness of food intake among Nigerian adults to identify the factors associated with them and seasonal variations in food consumption patterns.
Methods: We used a validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to collect dietary data from adults in Ibadan, Nigeria, on four occasions over two years. We assessed food intake healthiness using the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), which ranges from 0 to 49 based on 25 food groups, and its sub-metrics GDQS+ (0-32, 16 food groups) and GDQS- (0-17, 9 food groups). We used Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to examine the relationships between GDQS, demographic factors, and participants’ dietary habits.
Results: There were 205 participants (110 women, 95 men) with mean(SD) age of 45.0(13.4) years, mean(SD) GDQS of 29.0(4.0). 91.7% of the participants had a GDQS ≥ 23, signifying a low risk of poor diet quality. The multivariable analysis showed that the GDQS of those who frequently consumed home-cooked meal was higher than those who did not by 2.04 (95%CI: 0.11 to 4.07). The GDQS+ of men was higher than women by 1.64 (95%CI: 0.11 to 3.03). The GDQS- of men was 0.88 lower than that of women (95%CI: -1.53 to -0.24) while younger (<40 years) had lower GDQS- compared to older (60+ years) participants (2.51, 95%CI: -1.58 to -3.43) indicating a higher intake of unhealthy foods by these groups. Most participants (~95%) reported low intake of cruciferous vegetable. There was no significant seasonal variations in GDQS and its sub-metrics in both sexes.
Conclusions: Despite the overall healthiness of foods consumed by Nigerian adults and low risk of poor diet quality across seasons, men and younger adults tend to consume more unhealthy foods and fewer home cooked meals. Both genders, irrespective of age, had low intakes of cruciferous vegetables. These highlight opportunities for targeted interventions to improve the overall healthiness of dietary intakes among Nigerian adults.
Integrated ultra-wideband tunable Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator
Authors: Tian Yonghui , Han Zhen , Wang Liheng , Zheng Yong , Zhang Pu , Jiang Yongheng , Xiao Huifu , Zhou XuDong , Yuan Mingrui , Low Mei Xian , Dubey Aditya , Nguyen Thach , Boes Andreas , Hao Qinfen , Ren Guanghui , Mitchell Arnan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator (FDML OEO) is a crucial component for the upcoming sixth-generation (6G) communication era, as it can break the limitation of mode building time in the conventional OEO and generate high-quality frequency-tunable microwave signals or waveform such as linearly chirped microwave waveform (LCMW) for millimeter-wave applications thanks to its ultra-low phase noise. However, most FDML OEOs reported thus far are discrete and their operating bandwidth are limited, which makes it difficult to meet the real applications’ requirements. Here, we propose and demonstrate the first integrated tunable FDML OEO with the tunable frequency range of 3-42.5 GHz in the lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) photonic integrated circuit platform. As examples, we demonstrate the generation of LCMW, quadratic-chirp signal, and triangle waveform with the center frequency covering millimeter-wave band using the proposed FDML OEO and the phase noise can be maintained as low as -93dBc/Hz at 10 KHz. The FDML OEO provides a promising solution for the compact and effective signal generation solution, which breaks the bandwidth limitations and facilitates the realization of extensive applications in the field of radio frequency (RF), including high-precision microwave photonic radar, next-generation wireless communication, and unmanned autonomous driving systems.
Meta-unstable mRNAs in activated CD8+ T cells are defined by interlinked AU-rich elements and m6A mRNA methylation
Authors: Gameiro Paulo A , Foskolou Iosifina P. , Martens Aniek , Kuret Klara , Mozos Igor Ruiz de los , Hozjan Žan , Kot Veronica , Faraway Rupert , Vermeulen Michiel , Wolkers Monika C. , Johnson Randall S. , Ule Jernej 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

CD8+ T cells can rapidly produce effector molecules following activation. This activation triggers fast changes in gene expression that rely on control of mRNA levels via multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including RNA modifications. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant post-transcriptional modification that promotes the decay of messenger RNAs in the cytosol. How recognition of m6A sites is integrated with other regulatory mechanisms that alter the fate of immunoregulatory mRNAs in CD8+ T cells remains unexplored. Here, we applied the m6A-iCLIP (miCLIP) method and identified m6A antibody binding in RRACH and in AU-rich (ARE) motifs within 3’UTRs of CD8+ T cell mRNAs. The combined miCLIP signal in both motifs defined and predicted meta-unstable mRNAs that rapidly decayed upon CD8+ T cell activation. We demonstrate that mutations in the identified AREs are epistatic with RRACH mutations in their effects on TNF mRNA stability. Notably, the AREs in these mRNAs show enriched iCLIP crosslinking of YTHDF proteins, which were also identified by proteomic analyses of methylated ARE sequences along with additional novel RNA-binding proteins. Our study thus reveals a hitherto unexplored regulatory layer that interlinks m6A and ARE biology in CD8+ T cells, providing new approaches for modulating mRNA decay through m6A and ARE sites.
In Silico Evaluation of Lumacaftor for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: M TEJAS 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cystic fibrosis is a common life-limiting autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes severe damage to lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. This disease is a result of mutation in a gene that encodes for chloride-conducting transmembrane channel called CFTR, which in turn regulates mucociliary clearance and anion transport in the airways. No effective curative options exist for treatment of Cystic fibrosis. The available drugs exhibit low therapeutic index and can only ease symptoms and reduce complications associated with it. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of one such FDA approved drug called Lumacaftor by molecular docking and other in silico studies. The most prevalent CFTR mutation causing cystic fibrosis, ΔF508, impairs folding of nucleotide binding domain 1 and stability of the interface between NBD1. Lumacaftor and drugs like Lumacaftor are modulators 0f F508del-CFTR are responsible for the partial correction of interfacial stability and cellular processing defects.
Classification code: I
Sensitivity of model-based leakage localisation in water distribution networks to water demand sampling rates and spatio-temporal data gaps
Authors: Oberascher Martin , Maussner Claudia , Cominola Andrea , Sitzenfrei Robert 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Model-based leakage localisation in water distribution networks requires accurate estimates of nodal demands to correctly simulate hydraulic conditions. While digital water meters installed at household premises can be used to provide high-resolution information on water demands, questions arise regarding the necessary temporal resolution of water demand data for effective leak localisation. In addition, how do temporal and spatial data gaps affect leak localisation performance? To address these research gaps, a real-world water distribution network is first extended with the stochastic water end-use model PySIMDEUM. Then, more than 700 scenarios for leak localisation assessment characterised by different water demand sampling resolutions, data gap rates, leak size, time of day for analysis, and data imputation methods are investigated. Numerical results indicate that during periods with high/peak demand, a fine temporal resolution (e.g., 15 min or less) is required for the successful localisation of leakages. However, regardless of the sampling frequency, leak localisation with a sensitivity analysis achieves a good performance during periods with low water demand (localisation success is on average 95%). Moreover, improvements in leakage localisation might occur depending on the data imputation method selected for data gap management, as it can mitigate random/sudden temporal and spatial fluctuations of water demands.
Coupled weather and crop simulation modeling for smart irrigation planning: a review
Authors: S. Mohamed Naziq , N. K. Sathyamoorthy , Ga Dheebakaran , S. Pazhanivelan , N. Vadivel 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Efficient irrigation scheduling is essential for optimizing crop yields and water-use efficiency. This review examines crop simulation models and methods for improving irrigation management, with a focus on integrating weather forecast data. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) developed models such as AquaCrop, WOFOST (WOrld FOod Studies), DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer), and APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator), exploring the incorporation of forecasted ETo (reference evapotranspiration) calculated based on forecasted values of weather through the Penman-Monteith method and rainfall data into the models using modified rule-based approaches with various forecast horizons, which enhances irrigation planning. Optimization methods, including genetic algorithms coupled with crop models, are also assessed and have shown significant water savings and profit gains compared with traditional farming practices. Emerging real-time irrigation scheduling tools, including simulation-optimization, field data assimilation, and human–machine interactions, further improve productivity and water conservation. Studies have also shown that web-based decision support using satellite remote sensing and crop models can be used to effectively monitor crop water status and predict real-time irrigation needs. Ongoing innovations like coupling crop models with optimization techniques, weather forecasting, remote sensing, and recommendations based on field experiments have shown promise for transforming irrigation planning and management.
Challenges Faced by Midwives who Care for Neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Public Hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mathebula Mpho G , Bopape Mamare A , Mutshatshi Takalani E , Ramavhoya Thifhelimbilu I 
Published: July 2024

Background
Providing quality neonatal care is one of the most challenging healthcare service issues globally. Ensuring quality care during pregnancy and delivery is paramount to improving health outcomes and reducing mortality among neonates. About 2.9 million neonatal deaths occur worldwide, accounting for 40% under 5 years’ deaths. Midwives in the neonatal intensive care units of public hospitals in Limpopo province encounter challenges such as shortage of staff, inadequate and malfunctioning equipment, etc. when rendering care to small and sick neonates.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the challenges encountered by midwives who provide care to neonates at neonatal intensive care units of Public hospitals in Limpopo province, South Africa.

Methods
A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research designs were used. A non-probability purposive sampling was employed to select twelve (12) midwives who constituted the sample. The sample size was not pre-determined, however, it was determined by data saturation. Data were collected through one-on-one semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. Tesch’s eight steps were utilised to analyse data wherein themes and sub-themes emerged.

Results
The results revealed that midwives encounter several challenges such as shortage of staff, inadequate infrastructure or structure of NICU, work overload, lack of equipment and supplies, etc., when providing care to neonates in NICUs of the public hospitals.

Conclusion
The study recommended the implementation of hiring additional staff, staff training in neonatal care specialty and short courses, renovations of NICUs, consistent provision of equipment and material resources to improve the quality of neonatal care and reduce neonatal mortality.
Regular Consumption of Fortified Growing-up Milk Attenuates Upper Respiratory Tract Infection among Young Children in Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Dewi Dian Kusuma , Adi Nuri Purwito , Prayogo Ari , Sundjaya Tonny , Wasito Erika , Kekalih Aria , Basrowi Ray Wagiu , Jo Juandy 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
A Growing-up Milk (GUM) supplemented with short-chain Galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS), long-chain Fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS), and omega-3 Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) could support the development of the immune system to prevent the Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) and associated morbidities. It is of interest to assess whether a daily consumption of scGOS/lcFOS/n-3 LCPUFAs-fortified GUM for a minimum of 6 months reduces URTI incidences within the subsequent 3 months among young children in Indonesia.

Methods
A total of 154 children aged 18 to 36 months were recruited in this retrospective cohort study and categorized into exposed and non-exposed groups (78 and 76 children, respectively). A guided interview was conducted with each subject’s parent. Demographic and clinical information was collected, including incidence of URTI within the past three months, duration of URTI, as well as the frequency of medical visits when contracting URTI. The bivariate analysis via chi-square test as well as the multivariate analysis via binary logistic regression were performed.

Results
The overall characteristics were similar between groups with certain distinctions. The bivariate analysis indicated the exposed group to have better protection against URTI within the past 3 months as compared to the non-exposed group (RR=0.62; 95% CI=0.41-0.92; P<0.05). The multivariate analysis reinforced the finding by reporting that the exposed group was indeed protected against URTI (adjusted RR=0.42; 95% CI=0.21-0.85; P<0.05).

Conclusion
A routine consumption of scGOS/lcFOS/n-3 LCPUFAs-fortified GUM for a minimum of 6 months among Indonesian young children protected against URTI up to 58%, suggesting that fortified GUM consumption supports proper development of the immune system.
Entrevista al Dr. José Antonio Álvarez León
Authors: Guerrero Benitez Axel Joseph , Flores Flores Juan Alberto 
Published: July 2024

El Dr. José Antonio Alvarez Léon, es Profesor de Carrera Titular "B" Tiempo Completo Definitivo, Adscrito al Programa de Posgrado en Derecho de la Fes Acatlán. Es PRIDE "C" y Pertenece al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores Nivel 1.
Editorial
Authors: Brito Melgarejo Rodrigo , Álvarez León José Antonio 
Published: July 2024

El número 20 de la Revista del Posgrado en Derecho de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, abre una nueva época editorial. Los contenidos aquí presentados guardan la línea que ha caracterizado las dos anteriores épocas, es decir, presentar trabajo jurídicos con corte multidisciplinario, con temas de actualidad y de reflexión científica, pero se aderezará con comentarios editoriales que refieran a temas de cine, cultura y política jurídica. También se seguirán incorporando entrevistas de interés para la comunidad universitaria y para los lectores así como, temas relevantes que resalten en trabajo que cada una de las entidades participantes del Posgrado que las hace particulares y relevantes.
En este número se publica un artículo relacionado con México y el contexto mundial que es indispensable para entender temas de actualidad como los tratados internacionales en materia comercial y la propiedad intelectual, junto a la vinculación con la legislación de nuestro país. El texto lleva por nombre “La regulación de las marcas no tradicionales en el T-MEC y en la nueva ley federal mexicana de propiedad intelectual” y fue escrito por César Joel Ramírez Montes, quien analiza comparativamente las legislaciones tanto de los Estados Unidos como de la Unión Europea en su relación con la legislación mexicana en materia de propiedad intelectual y respecto de marcas no tradicionales como son las olfativas, las sonoras, las táctiles y las gustativas. Si bien es cierto, la legislación emitida a partir de 2018 es más flexible en torno a dichos tipos de marcas, también es verdad que falta un largo camino por recorrer para darle más certeza y seguridad a ese tipo de producción del intelecto humano.
In Silico Examination of Tinospora cordifolia Phytochemical Constituents towards Sars Cov-2, Dengue and Hepatitis Viruses by Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: B. C. Akhilraj , Suresh J. , Rajamani K. , Kumar M. , Gnanam R. , Raghul S. 
Published: July 2024

The experiment was conducted during 2023 at Tamilnadu Agricultural University dept. of medicinal and aromatic crops. Tinospora cordifolia is considered valuable in terms of its immense medicinal properties. Medicinal plants containing phytochemical compounds are considered to be safer and non-toxic than synthetic medicines and in silico analysis of these phytochemical compounds is cost effective, rapid, helps to make decisions and simulate virtually besides useful in optimizing and refining long time experimental trials thereafter. Hence, the present study was mainly focused on in silico research of phytocompounds from T. cordifolia towards dengue, hepatitis A viruses and SARS-CoV-2. The compounds were docked employing AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8 a online screening system, onto the crystal patterns of SARS CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID- 2GZ9), dengue virus non-structural protein NS1 (PDB ID- 4OIG) and Hepatitis A virus 3C proteinase (1HAV). The ligands were shortlisted based on their hydrogen bond interactions and binding affinities. The top-ranking molecules showed the range‘s energy state of bonding of covid (-7.6 to -6.7 kcal mol-1), dengue (-7.9 to -7.3 kcal mol-1) and hepatitis (-8.0 to -6.9 kcal mol-1). Based on good binding energy, drug-likeness and efficient pharmacokinetics properties, it was evident that the compounds 3, 3-Dimethyl-1, 5, 13 , 14-tetraoxa-10, 19-diazacyclotricosane-6, 9, 20, 23-tetrone, tdnosporinone, and cordifolioside were conceived as possible deterrents for SARS CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), dengue virus non-structural protein NS1 and hepatitis A virus 3C proteinase respectively.