bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital radiographic evaluation of obturation quality in primary molars using two obturation techniques: An in vivo study
Authors: Banu Syeda Najeya , N Sunil Raj , Anand Anitha , N Nandan , V Soundarya , P R Supriya 
Published: July 2024

To compare two different obturation techniques such as incremental technique and slow-speed motor-driven lentulo spiral technique and to evaluate its obturation quality using digital radiography. The study included children aged four to seven years with pulpally affected mandibular primary molars that required pulpectomy. A total of 36 primary molars (8 maxillary and 28 mandibular) were selected and randomly split into two groups of 18 teeth each. In Group I, obturation was performed using a hand plugger, whereas in Group II, it was done with a slow-speed motor-driven lentulo spiral. A digital intraoral receptor was used to assess the quality of obturation and the presence of voids. The data were statistically analyzed. The Chi-square test was performed to compare between groups.Results: Statistical analysis by Chi-square test showed a statistically significant difference regarding the quality of obturation between the groups with respect to the apical seal. Group1 showed more optimal filling than Group 2. No significant difference was evident among the two groups concerning voids (P = 1.00).The incremental technique produced ideal obturation compared to the motor-driven lentulo spiral technique.
Exploring the anatomical relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery: insights from cadaveric dissections
Authors: Dadwani Pooja , Suttarwala Ila , Contractor Jaikumar B 
Published: July 2024

Injury to Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) is the most common complication of surgical interventions for thyroid gland disorders. This makes a thorough anatomical knowledge of RLN with variations in its branching pattern and relationship with Inferior Thyroid Artery (ITA) of vital importance for surgeons. The current study was aimed to establish the relationship of RLN with Inferior Thyroid Artery (ITA) as well as its implications on thyroid surgeries. We studied the 73 RLN during routine dissection and autopsy examinations through a lateral approach and observations were tabulated using descriptive statistics and relational statistics, Chi-square test, for analysing significance. The results showed statistically significant differences in RLN branching patterns as well as in its positions relative to ITA between the right and left RLN. Extra-laryngeal terminal bifurcations were the most common finding and posterior positioning of RLN with respect to ITA was predominant. More so, bifurcations occurred more frequently on the right side (75.67%) than on the left side (30.55%) (P &#60; 0.05). The nerve was observed posterior to the ITA in 78.08%, anterior in 24.65% and in-between in 5.47% specimens. The potential consequences of such RLN variations on surgical outcomes emphasize the risk of iatrogenic injuries and associated symptoms. We also noted discrepancies in findings compared to a previous few studies, but these may be attributed to the embryological and racial differences. The study underscores the importance of understanding RLN anatomy for safe thyroid surgeries and warrant further research to elucidate RLN variations and their impact on surgical procedures contributing valuable insights into RLN anatomy to optimize surgical outcomes and reduce complications in thyroid surgeries.
Cadaveric and ultrasonographic morphometry of cervicothoracic ganglion (Stellate ganglion)
Authors: Kulkarni Saurabh , Mhetre Savita , Kalyankar Archana , Sukre Shivaji 
Published: July 2024

: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) inhibits sympathetic innervation and is a common treatment for reflex sympathetic dystrophy. During the positioning of the needle, there is a risk of injury to the adjacent structures. Cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) to treat ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) requires transection at the middle or lower third of stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglia (SG). However, the morphological appearance of the adult SG and its distribution are not well described. : To determine the morphology of left and right SG (LSG and RSG) and their relations with adjacent structures. 1. Cadaveric: LSG and RSG (n=30) from 15 embalmed adult cadavers were dissected intact. Weights, volume, height, morphologic appearance, relationship between C8 and T1 ganglia (which form the SG) were determined. 2. Ultra-sonographic: Fifty adult patients enrolled for other than neck pathology evaluation were included. The size, shape, the relationship between the superior pole of SG and the transverse process of C7, the relationship between the superior pole of SG and the inferior thyroid artery, and the relationships between SG and other surrounding tissues were evaluated. 1. Cadaveric part: Three distinct morphologies of SG were identified: fusiform-rounded; fusiform-elongated; and bi-lobed. RSG and LSG did not differ in weight or volume. RSG were longer than LSG. Bi-lobed morphology was most common in RSGs while fused, elongated was most common in LSG 2. Ultra-sonographic part: it was difficult to visualize SG No significant differences found in thickness and cress-sectional area on right and left side. In fact, 60% of SGs were located in the C7 transverse process level, 75% of SGs were located under the inferior thyroid artery, and all of these SGs were located lateral to the thyroid gland and medial to the anterior scalene muscle and the vagus nerve.: Knowledge of the stellate ganglia’s morphology may help for greater precision and accuracy in the transection of the lower half to distal third of the SG during stellate ganglionectomy to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Ultra-sonographic guided SGB may improve safety and allows the visualization of the local anesthetic injection site. Studying the local anesthetic spread might allow the avoidance of side effects as well as typical complications of SGB. Thus, potentially improving both the safety and efficacy of the procedure.
Urogenital anomalies associated with anorectal malformations
Authors: Sameer P. A  , Ranganath Priya 
Published: July 2024

: Anorectal malformations are one of the common congenital anomalies with an incidence of 1-3000 to 5000. Up to 70% of the patients have associated anomalies. Urogenital anomalies are the most common associated anomalies. : This study was done to determine the type and frequency of urogenital anomalies associated with different variants of ARMs according to the Krickenbeck classification.: 150 patients were included in the study. A full physical examination of the child was conducted followed by an infantogram, echocardiogram, spinal ultrasound scan, and KUB ultrasound was done to investigate different associated anomalies. MRI was done if further clarity was needed. The patients were classified according to the Krickenbeck classification.: ARM with perineal fistula was the common type of ARM. 73% had associated anomalies, and 32% of patients had urogenital (UG) anomalies. 70.8% of patients had urinary anomalies. 52.1% of patients had genital anomalies. The most common type of urinary anomaly found in the present study was hydroureteronephrosis (HUN) (41.2%). 32.4% of the patients with urinary anomalies had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Renal agenesis was found in 32.4%, neurogenic bladder 5.9%, hydronephrotic kidney 5.9%, ectopic ureter 5.9%, cross fused ectopic kidney 5.9%.: Urogenital anomalies associated with different subtypes of anorectal malformation vary drastically from patient to patient. The knowledge of these associated anomalies will help the surgeons in planning the course of treatment which can determine the prognosis and quality of life of the patients.
A study on morphometry of cranium and its index in dry human skulls of north India
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Ali Sadakat 
Published: July 2024

Cranial indices, derived from skull measurements, are fundamental tools in cranial anthropometry. Establishing standard values for these indices is crucial for anatomists and craniofacial surgeons performing cranial reconstructions. This study aimed to establish baseline data on cranial morphology and calculate cranial indices. One hundred dry skulls of unknown sex were measured in the Department of Anatomy at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun. Cranial length and breadth were measured, and the cranial index was calculated. Cranial types were also classified. The mean cranial length was 190.90 mm, with a mean breadth of 139.40 mm. The cranial index was 73.03. Mesocranic (48%) and dolichocranic (42%) skulls were the most prevalent, while brachycranic (8%) and hyper-brachycranic (2%) skulls were less common. This study provides baseline data on cranial morphometry in an unknown population sample. The results suggest a predominance of mesocranic and dolichocranic head shapes.
Let the black tea and green tea take care of your oral health — A short review of the antimicrobial activity of black tea and green tea extracts on
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Singh Siddharth Kumar , Mathur Tushar , Roy Sayak 
Published: July 2024

Dental caries is a major global concern and source of great trouble worldwide. It is one of the most common chronic oral diseases in the world that affects both adults and children. The prevalence of DMFT index as a diagnostic criterion in the estimation of dental caries in the age group of 3–18 years was found to be 57%, whereas in patients aged above 18 years, it was much higher that is 77%.Many studies have been carried out all over the world to find the cause behind it, and the main cause, which was well accepted by the people, was the action of pathogenic bacterial microflora such as ( in the oral cavity on the tooth surfaces. These bacteria strongly adhere to the tooth surface and produce lactic acid after fermentation of sucrose and various carbohydrates, which is responsible for the cavitation in the teeth. Many experiments and efforts have been made to remove from the oral cavity, like antibiotics, oral drugs, and more, which are beneficial but have side effects after long-term use, such as vomiting, diarrhea, resistance, teeth staining, etc.That's why search ended at tea which is becoming a popular beverage and a widely consumed drink these days that has anti-streptococcal properties with least of side effect.India's tea usage changed over time from being a colonial export to a regular beverage. With over 29% of the global tea production, India is one of the world's biggest producers and consumers. In India, tea has long been closely linked to the medicinal herbs that have long been used for both therapeutic purposes and general well-being.
Assessment of facial aesthetics based on photography – first impression and aesthetic lines. Part I
Authors: Klimek Emilia , Dąbrowska Aleksandra , Matthews-Brzozowski Artur , Nijakowski Kacper  
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The perception of beauty depends on many factors. The evaluation of aesthetics by doctors, such as orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons, focuses on anatomical and functional aspects, while random evaluators base their assessments on intuitive preferences. Facial profile assessments use lines like Ricketts, Barcelona and TVL, among others, but the subjectivity of beauty perception makes these assessments require an understanding of patients' expectations. Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the first impression of the face in frontal and profile.Material and methods. 180 black‑and‑white photographs of faces were used. The photographs were of subjects of different ages of both sexes. A VAS scale from 0 to 10 was used for evaluation, with 0 being the lowest rating and 10 being the highest rating. The photographs were rated by three groups of people: random evaluators (laypeople), dentists and doctors of various medical specialties.Results. Doctors gave significantly lower ratings for both en face and profile compared to random evaluators (laypeople). Among dentists, the ratings given were also lower relative to random evaluators (laypeople), but without statistical significance.Conclusions. An attractive profile is often related to social preferences, not just anatomical norms. This means that evaluating a facial profile requires not only accurate measurements, but also an understanding of patients' aesthetic expectations.
Leadership attribute profile of the coaches from Realmadrid Foundation Yogyakarta football school
Authors: Sulistiyono Sulistiyono , Nugroho Sigit , Prastyawan Rifky Riyandi , Rahayu Sundari Putri , Mahira Rina , Rahmawati Yuliana 
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to identify the leadership characteristics exhibited by the coaches of RealMadrid Foundation Yogyakarta Football School. Research methodology employed was by descriptive quantitative study utilizing survey methods. The sampling technique used was exhaustive sampling, specifically included all five head coaches of the RealMadrid Foundation football school. Data collection technique used questionnaire by Google form completed by all 128 players. The data was examined by using descriptive statistics elaborated in percentages. The results’ findings indicate that the technical skills category achieved the highest average score, with mean score 5.23 and corresponding percentage 87.16%. Ability of player’s mental readiness demonstrates high level with mean score 5.18 and percentage of 86.34%. Bad attitude behavior is in score 5.12 and percentage of 85.28%. They possess medium ability to manage strategy for games scoring for 5.09 with percentage of 84.90%. Their goal-setting ability is below average with score 4.94 with 82.32% percentage. Lastly, their proficiency in managing physical training is relatively low, scoring 4.80 with a percentage of 80.08%. Coaches of RealMadrid Foundation Yogyakarta football school need to enhance their leadership skills in physical training and personality development. Leadership training offers an alternate approach to enhance the leadership skills of football coaches.
Information and Electronic Transactions Law effects on Malang City people's information-sharing behavior
Authors: Hendrawan Muhammad Rosyihan , Machsunin Fatich Idamatul 
Published: July 2024

In this era, Indonesian society is transitioning to an information society, where technological advances are supported by developments in science, causing a shift in society’s patterns of accessing and disseminating information. The Internet and social media in Indonesia have the potential to expand the public sphere and domains that involve citizens openly. The existence of the Internet and social media public sphere is seen as a space for digital activism, which is a creative means for people to share information and a means to build information democracy by sharing information. Thus, the government's role is to regulate and maintain information order through laws or regulations. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law Number 19 of the Year 2016 (Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik) on the information-sharing behavior of Malang City’s people on social media. The research method used was correlational with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were used on a survey of 350 randomly selected samples. The data analysis used correlational statistical analysis. This study showed that laws and regulations influenced information-sharing behavior on social media in Malang City regarding information and electronic transactions. In conclusion, sharing information with the people of Malang City makes the Information and Electronic Transactions Law a binding legal rule. The remaining research results will be presented in this study.
Kegemaran Mengaji dalam Pendidikan Baca Tulis Al-Quran di Kecamatan Marioriwawo Kabupaten Soppeng
Authors: Wahab Jamal , Marjuni Andi 
Published: July 2024

Al-Quran itu merupakan himpunan huruf-huruf dan kata-kata yang dapat dibaca dan menjadi mu’jizat abadi kepada Rasulullah yang tidak mungkin bisa ditandingi oleh manusia, diturunkan ke dalam hati Rasulullah saw, diturunkan ke generasi berikutnya secara mutawatir, ketika dibaca bernilai ibadah dan menjadi pedoman hidup bagi setiap umat Islam yang ada di muka bumi. pelaksanaan gemar mengaji di Kecamatan Marioriwawo Kabupaten Soppeng disebabkan oleh regulasi yang ada yaitu pemerintah menempatkan guru mengaji per RT dan tiap RT ditempatkan 2 orang guru mengaji, dan anak anak dianjurkan datang sendiri mengaji dan terkadang ada orang tua yang mengantar anaknya dan model perekrutannyapun masih tradisional terkadang dari mulut ke mulut dan terkadang orang tua peserta didik mendampingi ke rumah guru mengaji Kreativitas guru mengaji dalam proses pembelajaran dalam memberi penguatan dalam mengemukakan materi. kreatifitas guru mengaji di Kecamatan Marioriwawo Kabupaten Soppeng dalam hal iklim mencakup pertama, Menciptakan interpersonal yang kuat dan cinta pada al-Quran, kedua, Menciptakan hubungan yang baik antara guru mengaji mengaji dan peserta didik dan ketiga Kesungguhan dalam menerima dan peduli terhadap peserta didik.
Epistemologi Islam: Perspektif Empirisme dan Rasionalisme
Authors: Nuryamin  
Published: July 2024

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sangat pesat, tetapi banyak disalahgunakan dalam fungsinya dari arah pencapaian tujuan ilmu pengeta­huan berupa kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan hidup. Berbagai krisis yang dialami oleh ummat manusia diakibatkan dari perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi yang mengabaikan kepentingan jangka panjang yakni kelestarian alam tempat manusia untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidupnya. Ilmu pengetahuan yang dikembangkan harus berpijak pada tujuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yaitu kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan ummat manusia dengan landasan moral dan etika. Karena itu epistemologi yang mesti dikembangkan adalah apa yang dapat diketahui dan bagaimana cara mengetahuinya, “what can we know, and how do we know it”. Indra dan akal secara bersama-sama memperkuat perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sebagai ilmu yang niscaya dalam kehidupan. Tuhan adalah sumber dari segala obyek yang diilmui. Dua obyek ilmu yang sifatnya berdimensi syah{a<<>dah dan gaib menuntut adanya yang memungkinkan terjadinya kontak dengan kedua alam itu. Ilmu diperoleh melalui indra (indra lahir dan indra batin) disebut ilmu yang empiric. Sedang pengetahuan akal atau rasioanlisme , yakni pengetahuan yang diperoleh melalui akal untuk mengenal dan menyelami tanda-tanda kebesaran Tuhan dalam alam ciptaan-Nya serta hikmah yang terkandung di dalamnya. Informasi tentang indra dan akal diambil dari al-Qur’an dengan mengkaji ayat-ayat epistemologi secara bersama-sama untuk mengem­bangkan ilmu pengetahuan.
Clinical Significance of IgG4 Serum Concentration in Graves’ Disease
Authors: Olejarz Michal , Szczepanek-Parulska Ewelina , Krygier Aleksandra , Wrotkowska Elzbieta , Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Ruchala Marek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Elevated immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) serum antibodies are an important feature of IgG4-related disease. However, IgG4 antibodies can play a role in autoimmune thyroid disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of serum IgG4 levels on clinical features of Graves’ disease (GD). We recruited 60 patients with GD (48 patients without thyroid eye disease, 12 patients with moderate-to-severe Graves’ orbitopathy [GO], and 25 healthy control subjects). The prevalence of high IgG4 serum concentration was 4.2% among GD patients without GO and 33.33% in patients with moderate-to-severe GO. The group with GO had significantly higher median IgG4 levels (87.9 mg/dL) than the control group (41.2 mg/dL, P = 0.034) and the GD without GO group (30.75 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Patients with thyroid nodules had lower IgG4 levels than patients without thyroid nodules, but the difference was not statistically significant (35.7 [24.8; 41.53] mg/dL vs. 43 [30.1; 92.7] mg/dL, P = 0.064). IgG4 as a diagnostic tool for moderate-to-severe GO had the following parameters: area under the curve (AUC): 0.851 (P < 0.001), at the cut-off value of 49 mg/dL, negative predictive value: 100%, positive predictive value: 48%, sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 73%. There were no significant differences between the high and normal IgG4 groups in thyroid hormones, antithyroid antibodies, and ultrasound features. Serum IgG4 levels are associated with some of the clinical features of GD and can help in the diagnostic process of the disease. More research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of IgG4 involvement in GD.
Development of a portable electronic nose for the classification of tea quality based on tea dregs aroma
Authors: Guritno Adi Djoko , Harjoko Agus , Tanuputri Megita Ryanjani , Putri Diyah Utami Kusumaning , Putro Nur Achmad Sulistyo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current assessment of tea quality is considered subjective. This study aims to develop a portable electronic nose to assess the aroma of tea dregs objectively by relying on the aromatic capture process through sensors and using multilayer perceptron (MLP). A MLP with some hyperparameter variations is used and compared with five machine-learning classifiers. The classification using MLP model with ReLU activation function and 3 hidden layers with 100 hidden nodes resulted in the highest accuracy of 0.8750 ± 0.0241. The MLP model using ReLU activation function is better than Sigmoid while increasing the number of hidden layers and hidden nodes does not necessarily enhance its performance. In the future, this research can be improved by adding sensors to the portable electronic nose, increasing the number of datasets used, and using ensemble learning or deep learning models.
Investigation of torque and sensitivity analysis of a two-phase hybrid stepper motor
Authors: Hojati Mohammadreza , Baktash Amir , Mukhopadhyay Subhas C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Stepper motors are extensively used in various automated systems, notably hybrid stepper motors (HSMs), renowned for their high torque density. Optimizing and improving their performance and torque density is highly beneficial. The first step in motor optimization is to perform a sensitivity analysis to identify the parameters most significantly affecting motor performance and torque density. Using Ansys Maxwell, a finite element method (FEM) software, we modeled and analyzed a commercially available HSM. After validating the computer model’s accuracy, we investigated the motor’s sensitivity to various parameters and discussed their effects on performance. Our findings highlight the significance of parameters such as air gap, magnet diameter, wire-turn numbers in the coils, and the shapes of the rotor and stator teeth in influencing HSM sensitivity—conversely, factors like magnet height and stator pole thickness exhibit negligible impact on motor performance.