bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Diagnosis of Highly Pathogenic Clinical Strains of Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Using PCR and Preservation of 70Kbp Virulence Plasmid
Authors: Zaky Mahmoud Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: October 2012

Clinical strains of Yersinia.pseudotuberculosis were screened for 70 Kbp virulence plasmids it was found only 20 % carrying 70Kbp plasmid, when subjected to different concentrations of Naledixin for development of mutant strains , plasmids were lost from one strain Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP3295, which leaded to the modification of L.B medium into human blood (H.B) L.B medium as culture medium for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis .Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP3295 showed 70Kbp virulence plasmid with additional small plasmids which proves the incorporation of plasmids with chromosomal DNA and similarity with Yersinia pestis. All strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis harboring virulence plasmids were detected for FyuA and Irp2 genes of the High pathogenicity island using PCR. And it was found that all plasmid harboring strains contains high Pathogenicity Island.
What Represents in a Representation? A Question Concerning Michel Foucault's "Age Classique"
Authors: Creech James 
Published: October 2012

Même pendant la période classique la représentation n’est pas de la transparence sans problèmes que Foucault lui attribue. Représantation implique re-présentation, donc différence; la représentation ne vaut jamais l’original. Cette inévitable différence produit des paradoxes épistémologiques qu’on examinera chez Platon et Locke et dans les écrits de D’Alembert sur l’Encyclopédie. On portera une attention particulière à « Ce que tout le monde sait sur l’expression, et quelque chose que tout le monde ne sait pas » par Diderot.
Clarissa and the Concept of Tragedy: The Death of Lovelace
Authors: Rinehart Hollis 
Published: October 2012

Clarissa de Richardson fait apparaître deux théories de la tragédie qui sont partiellement opposées : la théorie didactique qui véhicule un enseignement moral moyennant l’attrait d’une histoire qui plaît, et la théorie affective, d’origine aristotélienne, selon laquelle le public doit être amené à éprouver pitié et crainte. La fin de la vie de Clarissa et sa mort édifiante illustrent la théorie didactique, tandis que la mort de Lovelace excite la crainte du spectateur, si elle ne réussit pas à susciter sa pitié, et correspond donc davantage à l’idée moderne du tragique.
The Effectiveness of Psychological First Aid as a Disaster Intervention Tool: Research Analysis of Peer-Reviewed Literature From 1990-2010
Authors: Fox Jeffrey H. , Burkle Frederick M. , Bass Judith , Pia Francesco A. , Epstein Jonathan L. , Markenson David 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: The Advisory Council of the American Red Cross Disaster Services requested that an independent study determine whether first-aid providers without professional mental health training, when confronted with people who have experienced a traumatic event, offer a “safe, effective and feasible intervention.”Methods: Standard databases were searched by an expert panel from 1990 to September 2010 using the keyword phrase “psychological first aid.” Documents were included if the process was referred to as care provided to victims, first responders, or volunteers and excluded if it was not associated with a disaster or mass casualty event, or was used after individual nondisaster traumas such as rape and murder. This search yielded 58 citations.Results: It was determined that adequate scientific evidence for psychological first aid is lacking but widely supported by expert opinion and rational conjecture. No controlled studies were found. There is insufficient evidence supporting a treatment standard or a treatment guideline.Conclusion: Sufficient evidence for psychological first aid is widely supported by available objective observations and expert opinion and best fits the category of “evidence informed” but without proof of effectiveness. An intervention provided by volunteers without professional mental health training for people who have experienced a traumatic event offers an acceptable option. Further outcome research is recommended.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:247–252)
Individual and Community Influences on Adherence to Directives in the Event of a Plague Attack: Survey Results
Authors: Wray Ricardo J. , Harris Jenine K. , Jupka Keri , Vijaykumar Santosh , Mitchell Elizabeth W. , Pollard William , Zielinski-Gutierrez Emily , Reissman Dori , Lubell Keri 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:During a public health emergency, public health officials issue directives with actions people need to take to protect themselves. Past research has shown that adherence to these directives depends on individual beliefs and circumstances. This report presents new research about the effects of community factors on adherence.Methods:A random digit-dial survey of 936 residents in the St Louis, Missouri, area was conducted in 2008 to assess barriers to and facilitators of adherence to directives issued in response to a hypothetical scenario involving the intentional release of the bacterium that causes plague. Community factors were assessed using characteristics of census tracts for individual respondents. Multilevel modeling was used to understand how individual and community factors contributed to the likelihood of adherence.Results:The majority of participants indicated that they would adhere to 3 distinct directives. Community poverty and ethnic homogeneity as well as individual-level barriers were negatively associated with adherence to a 6-day quarantine. Having children younger than 18 years and being away from home when the directive was called were negatively associated with adherence to a 10-hour quarantine. Logistical concerns were negatively associated with visiting a point of dispensing for prophylactic antibiotics.Conclusions:Our findings establish an empirical basis for the influence of community factors on adherence to public health directives. The influence of community and individual factors on adherence varies across directives. Consequently, communication strategies to disseminate directives and organizational strategies to support them must vary according to the nature of the directives.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:253–262)
Thin Film Synthesis of Ti3SiC2 by Rapid Thermal Processing of Magnetron‐Sputtered TiCSi Multilayer Systems
Authors: Hopfeld Marcus , Grieseler Rolf , Kups Thomas , Wilke Marcus , Schaaf Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMAX phase coating could have interesting technical applications in many fields. This paper describes the synthesis of the Mn+1AXn phase Ti3SiC2 by a rapid thermal annealing process of physical vapor deposited TiCSi multilayer thin films on Si (100) and SiO2 substrates. Annealing temperatures of 800–1000 °C affected the solid state reaction of titanium, carbon and silicon creating titanium‐carbides, ‐silicides, and Ti3SiC2. The film structures and chemical compositions were observed by grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. Analysis after the rapid thermal processing revealed the formation of the polycrystalline Mn+1AXn phase Ti3SiC2 in coexistence with TiSi2, TiC and Ti5Si3, even within a 0 s annealing process. This synthesis method has a high potential for the formation of MAX phases as a high temperature electrical contact material.
Highly Efficient Electron‐Transporting/Injecting and Thermally Stable Naphthyridines for Organic Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Xiao Lixin , Xing Xing , Chen Zhijian , Qu Bo , Lan Hsinglin , Gong Qihuang , Kido Junji 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA series of 1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives is synthesized and their electron‐transporting/injecting (ET/EI) properties are investigated via a multilayered electrophosphorescent organic light‐emitting device (OLED) using fac‐tris(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3] as a green phosphorescent emitter doped into a 4,4′‐N,N′‐dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP) host with 4,4′‐bis[N‐(1‐naphthyl)‐N‐phenylamino]biphenyl (a‐NPD) as the hole‐transporting layer, and poly(arylene ether sulfone) containing tetraphenylbenzidine (TPDPES) doped with tris(4‐bromophenyl)ammonium hexachloroantimonate (TBPAH) as the hole‐injecting layer. The turn‐on voltage of the device is 2.5 V using 2,7‐bis[3‐(2‐phenyl)‐1,8‐naphthyridinyl]‐9,9‐dimethylfluorene (DNPF), lower than that of 3.0 V for the device using a conventional ET material. The maximum current efficiency (CE) and power efficiency (PE) of the DNPF device are much higher than those of a conventional device. With the aid of a hole‐blocking (HB) and exciton‐blocking layer of bathocuproine (BCP), 13.2–13.7% of the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) and a maximum PE of 50.2–54.5 lm W−1 are obtained using the naphthyridine derivatives; these values are comparable with or even higher than the 13.6% for conventional ET material. The naphthyridine derivatives show high thermal stabilities, glass‐transition temperatures much higher than that of aluminum(III) bis(2‐methyl‐8‐quinolinato)‐4‐phenylphenolate (BAlq), and decomposition temperatures of 510–518 °C, comparable to or even higher than those of Alq3.
High Performance Thermoelectricity in Earth‐Abundant Compounds Based on Natural Mineral Tetrahedrites
Authors: Lu Xu , Morelli Donald T. , Xia Yi , Zhou Fei , Ozolins Vidvuds , Chi Hang , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Uher Ctirad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThermoelectric materials can convert waste heat into electricity, potentially improving the efficiency of energy usage in both industry and everyday life. Unfortunately, known good thermoelectric materials often are comprised of elements that are in low abundance and require careful doping and complex synthesis procedures. Here, we report dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit near unity in compounds of the form Cu12‐xMxSb4S13, where M is a transition metal such as Zn or Fe, for wide ranges of x. The compounds investigated here span the range of compositions of the natural mineral family of tetrahedrites, the most widespread sulfosalts on Earth, and we further show that the natural mineral itself can be used directly as an inexpensive source thermoelectric material. Thermoelectrics comprised of earth‐abundant elements will pave the way to many new, low cost thermoelectric energy generation opportunities.
Nongeminate Recombination in Planar and Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Foertig Alexander , Wagenpfahl Alexander , Gerbich Thiemo , Cheyns David , Dyakonov Vladimir , Deibel Carsten 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNongeminate recombination in organic solar cells based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and C60 is investigated. Two device architectures, the planar heterojunction (PHJ) and the bulk heterojunction (BHJ), are directly compared in view of differences in charge carrier decay dynamics. A combination of transient photovoltage (TPV) experiments, yielding the small perturbation charge carrier lifetime, and charge extraction measurements, providing the charge carrier density is applied. In organic solar cells, charge photogeneration and recombination primarily occur at the donor–acceptor heterointerface. Whereas the BHJ can often be approximated by an effective medium due to rather small scale phase separation, the PHJ has a well defined two‐dimensional heterointerface. In order to study nongeminate recombination dynamics in PHJ devices the charge accumulation at this interface is most relavent. As only the spatially averaged carrier concentration can be determined from extraction techniques, the charge carrier density at the interface nint is derived from the open circuit voltage. Comparing the experimental results with macroscopic device simulation, the differences of recombination and charge carrier densities in CuPc:C60 PHJ and BHJ devices are discussed with respect to the device performance. The open circuit voltage of BHJ is larger than for PHJ at low light intensities, but at 0.3 sun the situation is reversed: here, the PHJ can finally take advantage of its generally longer charge carrier lifetimes, as the active recombination region is smaller.
Composite porous membrane for protecting high‐performance fibers from ultraviolet–visible radiation
Authors: Hassanin Ahmed H. , Said Magdi A. , Seyam Abdel‐Fattah M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHigh‐strength fibers are used to produce high‐strength‐to‐weight‐ratio materials for applications such as composites, soft and hard body armor, bulletproof vests, and tendons for scientific balloons. Unfortunately, these fibers degrade when they are exposed to ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) radiation. The objective of this research was to develop systems to improve the UV resistance of such fibers. Composite porous membranes from a polyurethane (PU) matrix loaded with rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were developed to protect a braid made of polybenzobisoxazole (PBO) yarns. The PU membranes loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a phase‐inversion technique. The effects of the amount of TiO2 nanoparticles on the composite membrane morphological structure and UV–vis light transmission were evaluated. The results show that when the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles was increased, the porosity of the membrane and its UV–vis blocking effectiveness increased. The UV–vis protection was evaluated by the wrapping of the PBO braid with the composite membranes and exposed to UV–vis radiation. The strength loss of the PBO fiber due to exposure was decreased from 75% for the unprotected sample to 7.8% for the protected sample in the PU loaded with 4% TiO2 nanoparticles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Nitrofurazone‐loaded PVA–PEG semi‐IPN for application as hydrogel dressing for normal and burn wounds
Authors: Gupta Asheesh , Upadhyay Nitin K. , Parthasarathy Surekha , Rajagopal Chitra , Roy Prasun K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHydrogels have been used in a wide variety of biomedical devises, particularly in the field of drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing. In this study, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–polyethylene glycol (PEG) semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel network (IPN)‐based wound dressing system containing nitrofurazone (NFZ) was synthesized by chemical crosslinking technique. The introduction of PEG to PVA matrix led to reduction in the water vapor transmission rate, which in‐turn resulted in improved healing activity. Drug‐loaded IPNs were prepared by mixing aqueous solution of NFZ with the optimized PVA–PEG formulation subsequent to the crosslinking step. The in vitro diffusion studies of NFZ indicated a relatively slow release of drug resulting from its microencapsulation in the polymeric matrix. Subsequently, in vivo wound healing efficacy toward acute and burn wound healing in experimental rats was investigated. Semi‐IPN hydrogel loaded with NFZ dressing improved the overall healing rate in both acute and burn wounds, as evidenced by significant increase in total protein, hydroxyproline and hexosamine contents. Histological examinations also correlated well with the biochemical findings. A faster wound contraction was also observed in hydrogel treated acute and burn wounds. The results indicated that PVA–PEG semi‐IPN hydrogel based dressing systems containing NFZ could be used as an effective wound dressing material. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Influence of inorganic fillers on the structural and transport properties of mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Chong Lua Aik , Shen Yi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this study, three types of inorganic fillers—fumed nano‐SiO2, synthesized mesoporous MCM‐41, and zeolite 4A—were incorporated into P84 matrix to prepare mixed matrix membranes. The structural characteristics and transport properties of the resulting composite membranes were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the dispersion of the filler particles in the composite membranes. TEM micrographs verified that there were no nonselective pores at the particle–polymer interfaces of the composite membranes. Differential scanning calorimetry tests were conducted to investigate the structure of the composite membranes. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the P84/MCM‐41 and P84/4A composite membranes were 11 and 30°C, respectively, above that of pure P84 membrane. But, the Tg value for the P84/SiO2 composite membrane decreased by 22°C when compared with that of the P84 membrane. The density of the composite membrane was also measured to calculate its fractional free volume. Gas permeation tests showed that, among the three synthesized composite membranes, the P84/SiO2 membrane had the best performance in terms of gas separation. P84/SiO2 membrane exhibited 20, 63, 59, and 45% increases in the permeabilities of He, O2, N2, and CO2, respectively, above those for the P84 membrane whilst maintaining comparable good selectivities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole‐au coated SiO2@poly(4‐vinylpyridine) composites
Authors: Lu Linchao , Wang Wenqin , Cai Wujin , Chen Zhong‐Ren 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMicrospheres with silica as core and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) as shell were synthesized. AuCl ions were bound by P4VP chains to form the complex, which acted both as an oxidant of pyrrole monomers and as a source of Au atoms. By vapor phase polymerization, the PPy and Au nanoparticles were simultaneously formed on the surfaces of SiO2@P4VP microspheres. The core‐shell structure was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The surface morphologies of the composites were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The molecular structures of composites were characterized in detail by Raman spectra, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Thermomechanical properties of alkali treated jute‐polyester/nanoclay biocomposites fabricated by VARTM process
Authors: Dewan Mohammad Washim , Hossain Mohammad Kamal , Hosur Mahesh , Jeelani Shaik 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA systematic study was carried out to investigate the effect of alkali treatment and nanoclay on thermomechanical properties of jute fabric reinforced polyester composites (JPC) fabricated by the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Using mechanical mixing and sonication process, 1% and 2% by weight montmorillonite K10 nanoclay were dispersed into B‐440 premium polyester resin to fabricate jute fabric reinforced polyester nanocomposites. The average fiber volume was determined to be around 40% and void fraction was reduced due to the surface treatment as well as nanoclay infusion in these biocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed enhancement of dynamic elastic/plastic responses and glass transition temperature (Tg) in treated jute polyester composites (TJPC) and nanoclay infused TJPC compared with those of untreated jute polyester composites (UTJPC). Alkali treatment and nanoclay infusion also resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties of JPC. The maximum flexural, compression, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) properties were found in the 1 wt % nanoclay infused TJPC. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) revealed strong interaction between the organoclay and polyester that resulted in enhanced thermomechanical properties in the composites. Lower water absorption was also observed due to surface treatment and nanoclay infusion in the TJPC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition‐Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of Disubstituted Cyclopentane: A Simple Model for the Cyclopentane Ring System of Polycyclic Oroidine Alkaloids
Authors: Fukahori Yusuke , Takayama Yohei , Imaoka Takuya , Iwamoto Osamu , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present a diastereoselective synthesis of disubstituted cyclopentane 8 having a nitrogen‐containing quaternary carbon center, which is found in axinellamine A (5) and related compounds. During this work, we found that the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition product 24 immediately underwent intramolecular redox reaction at the newly formed morpholin‐2‐one moiety, thus affording disubstituted cyclopentane containing a tertiary amine (9) stereoselectively in good yield. The amine 9 was successfully converted into guanidine 31, which corresponds to 8, through iminium cation–enamine isomerization.
Fractional Order Adaptive Feed‐Forward Cancellation for Periodic Disturbances
Authors: Luo Ying , Chen YangQuan , Pi YouGuo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a fractional order adaptive feed‐forward cancellation (FO‐AFC) scheme is proposed to cancel periodic disturbances. This FO‐AFC offers one more tuning knob, the fractional order, for the performance improvement of the periodic disturbance cancellation, according to the interests of the users. The equivalence of the fractional order internal model principle (FO‐IMP) scheme is derived for FO‐AFC. So, the FO‐IMP equivalence can be used to analyze the performance of the cancellation for the target periodic disturbance and the suppression for the harmonics and noise. Two FO‐AFC cases, fractional order α ∈ (0, 1) and α ∈ (1, 2), are discussed for the performance analysis. FO‐AFC with additional tuning knob α ∈ (0, 2) has many advantages, and it is much more flexible than the integer order adaptive feed‐forward cancellation (IO‐AFC) with only α = 1. Experimental results are presented to validate the performance analysis of FO‐AFC compared with IO‐AFC.
Flavonoids in Subtribe Centaureinae (Cass.)Dumort.(Tribe Cardueae, Asteraceae): Distribution and13C‐NMR Spectral Data
Authors: Formisano Carmen , Rigano Daniela , Senatore Felice , Bancheva Svetlana , Maggio Antonella , Rosselli Sergio , Bruno Maurizio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis review reports the occurrence of flavonoids in subtribe Centaureinae of Asteraceae family. It extensively covers the literature up to 2010 and collects all available13C‐NMR data.
Cytotoxic Activity of Fungal Strains Isolated from the Ascidian Eudistoma vannamei
Authors: Montenegro Tasso G. C. , Rodrigues Felipe A. R. , Jimenez Paula C. , Angelim Alysson L. , Melo Vânia M. M. , Rodrigues Filho Edson , de Oliveira Maria da Conceição F. , Costa‐Lotufo Letícia V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe cytotoxic activity at 50 μg/ml of extracts obtained from eleven fungal strains associated to Eudistoma vannamei, an endemic ascidian from Northeast Brazil, against two cell lines, i.e., the HCT‐8 (colon cancer) and the MDA‐MB‐435 (melanoma) cell lines, was investigated. The most promising extract (EV10) was obtained from a fungus identified as Aspergillus sp. by molecular analysis and was selected for bioassay‐guided isolation of its active principals. Large‐scale fermentation of EV10 in potato‐dextrose broth followed by chromatographic purification of the active extract from the liquid medium allowed the isolation of the isocoumarins mellein, cis‐4‐hydroxymellein, and trans‐4‐hydroxymellein, besides penicillic acid. All isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against the tumor cell lines MDA‐MB‐435 and HCT‐8 and revealed penicillic acid as the only cytotoxic compound (cell growth inhibitions >95%).