bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LES of Premixed Turbulent Combustion Using Filtered Tabulated Chemistry
Authors: Bambauer Maximilian , Pfitzner Michael , Klein Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe filtered tabulated chemistry (FTACLES) approach utilizes data from pre-tabulated explicitly filtered 1D flame profiles for closure of the LES-filtered transport terms. Different methodologies are discussed to obtain a suitable progress variable c from detailed chemistry calculations of a methane/air flame. In this context, special focus is placed on the analytical modeling of the reaction source term using series of parameterized Gaussians. For increasing effective filter sizes in LES (i.e. including the flame thickening) the precise shape of the reaction rate profile becomes less and less relevant. In particular, it is shown that for one-step chemistry, a single Gaussian is sufficient to derive an explicitly expressible 1D flame profile with a prescribed laminar flame speed and thermal flame thickness. The resulting artificial flame profile is shown to have similarities with profiles based on carbon chemistry and detailed reaction mechanisms. Next, the behavior of the filtered c-transport equation is analyzed and several possible closure methods are compared for a wide range of filter widths. It is shown that the unclosed contribution of the filtered diffusion term can be combined with the subgrid convection term, thus simplifying the FTACLES formulation. The model is implemented in OpenFOAM and validated in 1D for a variety of LES filter sizes in combination with artificial flame thickening. A power-law-based wrinkling model is modified for use with artificial flame thickening and combined with the FTACLES model to enable 3D simulations of a premixed turbulent Bunsen burner. The comparison of 3D Large Eddy Bunsen flame simulations at increasing levels of turbulence intensity shows a good match to experimental results for most investigated cases. In addition, the results are mostly insensitive to the variation of the mesh size.
What is the hard spectral state in X-ray binaries? Insights from GRRMHD accretion flows simulations and polarization of their X-ray emission
Authors: Moscibrodzka M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractX-ray binaries are known to exhibit different spectral states which are often associated with different black hole accretion modes. The exact geometry and properties of these accretion modes is still uncertain. Recent IXPE measurements of linear polarization of X-ray emission in canonical X-ray binary system Cygnus X-1 allow us to test models for the hard spectral state of accretion in a unique way. We show that general relativistic radiative magnetohydrodynamic (GRRMHD) simulations of accreting stellar black hole in a hard X-ray state may be consistent with the new observational information. In the presented framework, where first-principle models have limited number of free parameters, the polarimetric X-ray observations put constraints on the viewing angle of the inner hot accretion flow.
Estimating the global root exudate carbon flux
Authors: Chari Nikhil R. , Tumber-Dávila Shersingh Joseph , Phillips Richard P. , Bauerle Taryn L. , Brunn Melanie , Hafner Benjamin D. , Klein Tamir , Obersteiner Sophie , Reay Michaela K. , Ullah Sami , Taylor Benton N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRoot exudation, the export of low-molecular weight organic carbon (C) from living plant roots to soil, influences microbial activity, nutrient availability, and ecosystem feedbacks to climate change, but the magnitude of this C flux at ecosystem and global scales is largely unknown. Here, we synthesize in situ measurements of root exudation rates and couple those to estimates of fine root biomass to estimate global and biome-level root exudate C fluxes. We estimate a global root exudate flux of 13.4 (10.1–20.2) Pg C y−1, or about 9% (7–14%) of global annual gross primary productivity. We did not find differences in root mass-specific exudation rates among biomes, though total exudate fluxes are estimated to be greatest in grasslands owing to their high density of absorptive root biomass. Our synthesis highlights the global importance of root exudates in the terrestrial C cycle and identifies regions where more in situ measurements are needed to improve future estimates of root exudate C fluxes.
Methodological Quality of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment Evidence-Based Guidelines: A Systematic Review Using the AGREE II and AGREE REX Tools
Authors: Vilela Ana Paula Oliveira , Deffert Flávia , Lucchetta Rosa Camila , da Silva Pires Yara Maria , Mainka Felipe Fernando , Tonin Fernanda S. , Pontarolo Roberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with a poor prognosis, and its management should be grounded in well-developed clinical practice guidelines (CPG). Thus, we critically assess the methodological quality of the available CPG for pharmacological treatments for PAH.

Methods
A systematic review (CRD42023387168) was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Tripdatabase (Jan-2023). Eligible records were appraised by four reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation Collaboration tool (AGREE II) and the complementary tool for assessing recommendations’ quality and certainty, AGREE REX. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.

Results
Overall, 31 guidelines, mainly authored by professional societies (90%), targeting only physicians as primary users (84%), were identified. Guidelines presented a moderate overall quality (scores of 63% and 51% in AGREE II and AGREE REX, respectively), with a few domains showing slight improvements over the years. AGREE II “Scope and Purpose” (94%) and “Presentation Clarity” (99%) domains obtained the highest scores. The items related to “Stakeholder involvement,” “Editorial independence,” and “Clinical applicability” (AGREE REX) were fairly reported. Conversely, CPG lacks rigor in development (32% score, AGREE II), scarcely discusses the role of stakeholders, and provides deficient data on the implementation of recommendations (scores of 35% and 46% in AGREE II and AGREE REX, respectively). No differences in the quality of guidelines published by different developers or countries were observed (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Methodological weaknesses are common among guidelines addressing PAH treatment, especially regarding scientific rigor, stakeholders’ values and preferences, and facilitators and barriers to implementability. Particular attention should be given to developing future guidelines.
Analysing the drivers for sustainable public procurement
Authors: Santos Felippe , Lozano Rodrigo , Barreiro-Gen Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSustainable public procurement (SPP) is aimed at using government purchasing power to foster sustainable production and consumption and develop more sustainable business models. The implementation of SPP has been undertaken through several disciplinary approaches, including practical and research efforts based on organisational change management (OCM). Although there is a growing body of literature on OCM for SPP, research on this topic is still limited and mostly focused on a single-country context. This paper aims to fill this research gap by analysing the drivers for changes towards SPP from two different world regions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve Brazilian and ten Swedish SPP professionals. The interviews were analysed using Grounded Theory’s constant comparative method. From the interviews, 46 drivers were collated, then ranked in order of importance, and categorised according to their level (external, connecting, and internal). From the interviews, twenty-two new drivers were identified. The findings show that drivers for SPP are context-specific and can be organised in a continuum of change approaches between praxis-driven and policy-driven. This study highlights the contextual influence on drivers for the SPP process. A holistic approach is needed for changes towards SPP, considering internal, connecting, and external drivers in the spectrum from praxis to policy.
Metabolomics in sturgeon research: a mini-review
Authors: Liu Qi , Naganuma Takeshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSturgeons are ancient fish, with 27 species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. This review first touches upon the significance of sturgeons in the context of their biological, ecological, and economic importance, highlighting their status as “living fossils” and the challenges they face in genomic research due to their diverse chromosome numbers. This review then discusses how omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have been used in sturgeon research, which so far has only been done on Acipenser species. It focuses on metabolomics as a way to better understand how sturgeons work and how they react to their environment. Specific studies in sturgeon metabolomics are cited, showing how metabolomics has been used to investigate various aspects of sturgeon biology, such as growth, reproduction, stress responses, and nutrition. These studies demonstrate the potential of metabolomics in improving sturgeon aquaculture practices and conservation efforts. Overall, the review suggests that metabolomics, as a relatively new scientific tool, has the potential to enhance our understanding of sturgeon biology and aid in their conservation and sustainable aquaculture, contributing to global food security efforts.
Methylprednisolone Modulates the Tfr/Tfh ratio in EAE-Induced Neuroinflammation through the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signalling Pathways
Authors: Wu Nan , Zhao Yun , Xiao Minjun , Liu Hui , Chen Hongliang , Liu Bin , Wang Xuezhen , Fan Xueli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMethylprednisolone (MP) is a potent glucocorticoid that can effectively inhibit immune system inflammation and brain tissue damage in Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subpopulation of activated CD4 + T cells, while T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, a novel subset of Treg cells, possess specialized abilities to suppress the Tfh-GC response and inhibit antibody production. Dysregulation of either Tfh or Tfr cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of MP therapy on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a representative model for MS, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MP treatment on EAE and elucidate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms involed. We evaluated the effects of MP on disease progression, CNS inflammatory cell infiltration and myelination, microglia and astrocyte activation, as well as Tfr/Tfh ratio and related molecules/inflammatory factors in EAE mice. Additionally, Western blotting was used to assess the expression of proteins associated with the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our findings demonstrated that MP treatment ameliorated clinical symptoms, inflammatory cell infiltration, and myelination. Furthermore, it reduced microglial and astrocytic activation. MP may increase the number of Tfr cells and the levels of cytokine TGF-β1, while reducing the number of Tfh cells and the levels of cytokine IL-21, as well as regulate the imbalanced Tfr/Tfh ratio in EAE mice. The PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were found to be involved in EAE development. However, MP treatment inhibited their activation. MP reduced neuroinflammation in EAE by regulating the balance between Tfr/Tfh cells via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways.
China’s New Pattern of Rule of Law on UAS
Authors: Zhang Luping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChina as the world’s prominent market for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) has just passed a new regulation on UAS. The new regulation is expected to form a new pattern of rule of law on UAS in China. With the need for harmonisation of laws internationally, this article highlights the three aspects out of China’s new UAS legislation against an international setting.
Fear-setting: A Brief Writing Intervention Increases Motivation to Reach Personal Goals and Positive Affect
Authors: Dreisoerner Aljoscha , Heekerens Johannes Bodo , Karle Verena , Pawelkiewicz Janine Mendes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStriving towards personally meaningful goals is positively related to well-being. We investigate a brief writing intervention, instructing individuals to define and reappraise their fears related to personally meaningful goals and/or desired personal changes. 154 participants were randomized into a fear-setting writing intervention plus psychoeducation (n = 92), or a waitlist control group (n = 62). Participants filled out questionnaires at baseline, posttest, and 1-week follow-up. Latent change scores models revealed significantly larger increases in motivation to act (subscale perceived success probability, d = 0.27) and positive affect (d = 0.40) in the intervention compared to the control group from baseline to posttest. Results indicate that the effects persisted at the 1-week follow-up. In addition, we found a significant decrease in fear of failure (subscale fear of shame and embarrassment) from baseline to follow-up in the intervention condition (but not from baseline to the posttest). We found no significant effects of fear-setting for motivation to act (subscale fear of no success), fear of failure (subscale fear of devaluing one?s self-estimate), self-efficacy, negative affect, and optimism. This study provides initial evidence that fear-setting can assist people in changing motivation-related cognitive-affective states related to goal attainment and well-being.
Modification of the Metallic Magnetic Calorimeter Fabrication Process for High Production Yield
Authors: Song J. W. , Kim S. G. , Kim H. S. , Kim H. J. , Lee M. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe have modified the fabrication processes of metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) to improve production yield. Key modifications include (i) the stress mitigation of the sputtered Nb film by optimizing the Argon deposition gas pressure, (ii) an optimized SiO$$_{\hbox {x}}$$

x

insulator layer fabrication by switching from a lift-off to a wet-etching method and controlling the optimizing the temperature, (iii) the joint electroplating of thick gold structures for persistent current switch leads and a thermalization layer, and (iv) a reduced sputter-deposition time of the Ag:Er sensor material by introducing a new wafer holder. These modifications contribute to increased production yield, reduced fabrication time, and enhanced overall performance. Tests on MMCs fabricated with these modifications demonstrated uniformly improved critical current of the Nb meander coils, enhanced SiO$$_{\hbox {x}}$$

x

insulation properties, strengthened persistent current switch systems, and reduced probability of Ag:Er oxidation. These modified MMC detectors also functioned well in tests for alpha spectrometry measurements, demonstrating good performance.
Metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of the spinal cord in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats with painful neuropathy
Authors: Yu Zhuoying , Yang Jing , Jiang Ye , Wei Min , Lyu Yanhan , Yang Dongsheng , Shen Shixiong , Han Yongzheng , Li Min 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we investigated lipid and metabolite changes in diabetic neuropathy, using untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics analyses of the spinal cords from streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.170 metabolites and 45 lipids were dysregulated in the painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) phase. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed perturbations in starch and sucrose, tryptophan, pyrimidine, cysteine and methionine, thiamine, tyrosine, and nucleotides. The disturbance of tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, triacylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism indicated that pathological mechanisms in the PDN involved energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and neural reparative regeneration. These revelations offered potential biomarkers for PDN and enriched the comprehension of the complex molecular mechanisms characterizing PDN, establishing a solid foundation for subsequent inquiries into neural convalescence and recovery after PDN.
Property-level adaptation to pluvial flooding: An analysis of individual behaviour and risk communication material
Authors: Dillenardt Lisa , Bubeck Philip , Hudson Paul , Wutzler Bianca , Thieken Annegret H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntegrated risk management requires all stakeholders to work together proactively. Residents of floodplains can participate by implementing property-level adaptive measures. Risk communication materials can motivate those households to do so. Research on these materials is limited. Therefore, we systematically assessed freely available German risk communication materials in terms of their recommendations and how their content aligns with behavioural theories. We compare these results with data from surveyed households affected by urban flooding (N = 1,352) on their attitudes towards flood adaptation and the adaptation measures implemented.209 risk communication materials were reviewed. Adaptation options (mostly evasion or resistance strategies) were communicated in 93%, the hazard itself in 78%, the local hazard situation in 48%, and responsibilities in risk management in 54% of the risk communication materials. These aspects were rarely broken down for the reader by, for example, presenting the damage that can be expected or by presenting measures with the expected costs or their response efficacy. However, these details commonly increase the adaptive behaviour of residents according to commonly used behavioural theories.Survey data indicated that households feel able (82%) and responsible (41%) for implementing adaptive measures. However, many households indicated that measures are not effective (41%), too expensive (34%), and that there are not enough support programs (87%). We recommend that future risk communication materials focus more on communicating the efficacy and costs of adaptive measures and highlight funding opportunities. Our mixed method approach highlighted mismatches in information needed and provided.
COECG-resnet-GWO-SVM: an optimized COVID-19 electrocardiography classification model based on resnet50, grey wolf optimization and support vector machine
Authors: Khalifa Nour Eldeen , Wang Wei , Mawgoud Ahmed A. , Zhang Yu-Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swiftly spread throughout the globe, causing widespread infection in various countries and regions, and was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020. Computer algorithms and models can help in the identification and classification of the COVID-19 virus in the medical domain, especially in CT, and X-rays and Electrocardiography tests with rapid and accurate results. In this paper, a COVID-19 electrocardiography classification model based on grey wolf optimization and support vector machine will be presented. A public online electrocardiography dataset was investigated in this paper with two classes (COVID-19, and Normal. The proposed model consists of three phases. The first phase is the feature extraction based on Resnet50. The second phase is the feature selection based on grey wolf optimization. The third phase is the classification based on the support vector machine. The experimental trials show that the proposed model achieves the highest accuracy possible when it is compared with other models that use different feature extraction and selection models, such as Alexnet and whale optimization algorithms. Also, the proposed model achieves the highest testing accuracy possible with 99.1% while related work that used hexaxial feature mapping and deep learning achieved 96.20% with an improvement of 2.9%. The achieved testing accuracy and its performance metrics such as Precision, Recall, and F1 Score support the research findings that the proposed model, while achieving the highest accuracy possible, it also consumes less time in the training by selecting a minimum number of features if it is compared with other related works which use the same dataset.
Reduced protein carbonylation on hormone therapy is associated with improved fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women: the impact of PAI-1 and TAFI activity
Authors: Piróg Magdalena , Ząbczyk Michał , Natorska Joanna , Jach Robert , Undas Anetta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHormone therapy (HT) has been reported to reduce protein carbonylation (PC) in postmenopausal women, in whom fibrinolysis is impaired. We investigated whether PC affects fibrinolysis and if HT modulates this effect. We enrolled 150 women aged 55.5 ± 4.7 years in a randomized interventional open-label study, including 50 on standard oral HT, 50 on ultra-low-dose HT, and 50 controls. PC, along with global fibrinolysis (clot lysis time, CLT), fibrinolysis proteins, and prothrombotic markers were determined at baseline and at 24 weeks. Patients with the baseline top quartile PC (> 2.07 nM/mg protein) had 10.3% longer CLT, higher activity (but not antigen) of TAFI (+ 19.9%) and PAI-1 (+ 68.1%) compared to the remainder. No differences were observed in thrombin generation, factor VIII, plasminogen or α2-antiplasmin. On-treatment PC decreased by 16.4% (p < 0.0001), without differences related to the type of HT, compared to baseline and by 30% compared to controls, in whom PC and fibrinolysis markers remained unchanged. Patients with PC > 2.07 nM/mg had shortened CLT during HT compared to baseline, along with lower PAI-1 (-69%) and TAFI (-26%) activity. In this subgroup CLT was 5.8% shorter compared to controls with the highest PC. In postmenopausal women with increased PC, HT was accompanied by PC reduction and faster clot lysis together with decreased PAI-1 and TAFI activity.
Phylogenetic Diversity Indices from an Affine and Projective Viewpoint
Authors: Moulton V. , Spillner A. , Wicke K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhylogenetic diversity indices are commonly used to rank the elements in a collection of species or populations for conservation purposes. The derivation of these indices is typically based on some quantitative description of the evolutionary history of the species in question, which is often given in terms of a phylogenetic tree. Both rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees can be employed, and there are close connections between the indices that are derived in these two different ways. In this paper, we introduce more general phylogenetic diversity indices that can be derived from collections of subsets (clusters) and collections of bipartitions (splits) of the given set of species. Such indices could be useful, for example, in case there is some uncertainty in the topology of the tree being used to derive a phylogenetic diversity index. As well as characterizing some of the indices that we introduce in terms of their special properties, we provide a link between cluster-based and split-based phylogenetic diversity indices that uses a discrete analogue of the classical link between affine and projective geometry. This provides a unified framework for many of the various phylogenetic diversity indices used in the literature based on rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees, generalizations and new proofs for previous results concerning tree-based indices, and a way to define some new phylogenetic diversity indices that naturally arise as affine or projective variants of each other or as generalizations of tree-based indices.