bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent variation in reach‐scale bankfull discharge in the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Xia Junqiang , Li Xiaojuan , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Tao 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBankfull discharge is a key parameter in the context of river engineering and geomorphology, as an indicator of flood discharge capacity in alluvial rivers, and varying in response to the incoming flow and sediment regimes. Bankfull channel dimensions have significantly adjusted along the Lower Yellow River (LYR) due to recent channel degradation, caused by the operation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, which has led to longitudinal variability in cross‐sectional bankfull discharges. Therefore, it is more representative to describe the flood discharge capacity of the LYR, using the concept of reach‐averaged bankfull discharge. Previous simple mean methods to estimate reach‐scale bankfull discharge cannot meet the condition of flow continuity or account for the effect of different spacing between two sections. In this study, a general method to calculate cross‐sectional bankfull discharge using the simulated stage‐discharge relation is outlined briefly, and an integrated method is then proposed for estimating reach‐scale bankfull discharge. The proposed method integrates a geometric mean based on the log‐transformation with a weighted average based on the spacing between two consecutive sections, which avoids the shortcomings of previous methods. The post‐flood reach‐scale bankfull discharges in three different channel‐pattern reaches of the LYR were estimated annually during the period from 1999 to 2010 using the proposed method, based on surveyed post‐flood profiles at 91 sedimentation sections and the measured hydrological data at seven hydrometric sections. The calculated results indicate that: (i) the estimated reach‐scale bankfull discharges can effectively represent the flood discharge capacity of different reaches, with their ranges of variation being less than those of typical cross‐sectional bankfull discharges; and (ii) the magnitude of the reach‐scale bankfull discharge in each reach can respond well to the accumulative effect of incoming flow and sediment conditions. Finally, empirical relationships for different reaches in the LYR were developed between the reach‐scale bankfull discharge and the previous four‐year average discharge and incoming sediment coefficient during flood seasons, with relatively high correlation coefficients between them being obtained, and the reach‐scale bankfull discharges in different reaches predicted by the delayed response model were also presented for a comparison. These relations for the prediction of reach‐scale bankfull discharges were validated using the cross‐sectional profiles and hydrological data measured in 2011. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potentiating toxicological interaction of single-walled carbon nanotubes with dissolved metals
Authors: Al-Shaeri Majed , Ahmed Dina , McCluskey Fiona , Turner Gavin , Paterson Lynn , Dyrynda Elisabeth A. , Hartl Mark G.J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

The present study explored the ecotoxicology of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their likely interaction with dissolved metals, with a focus on the effect of in vivo exposure in marine mussels. Any nano-scale effects were negated by the tendency of uncoated SWCNTs to agglomerate in water, particularly with high ionic strength as is the case in estuarine and full-strength seawater. However, SWCNTs, in combination with natural organic matter, remained suspended in seawater for long enough to become available to filter-feeding mussels, leading to their concentration on and increased contact with gill epithelia during exposure. For the first time, the authors describe a potentiating toxicological effect, expressed as DNA strand breaks obtained using the comet assay, on divalent metals afforded by negatively charged SWCNT agglomerates in seawater at concentrations as low as 5 µg L−1. This is supported by the observation that SWCNTs alone were only toxic at concentrations ≥100 µg L−1 and that the SWCNT-induced DNA damage was correlated with oxidative stress only in the absence of metals. If these laboratory experiments are confirmed in the natural environment, the present results will have implications for the understanding of the role of carbon nanotubes in environmental metal dynamics, toxicology, and consequently, regulatory requirements. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2701–2710. © 2013 SETAC
Anopheles arabiensis egg treatment with dieldrin for sex separation leaves residues in male adult mosquitoes that can bioaccumulate in goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)
Authors: Yamada Hanano , Jandric Zora , Chhem-Kieth Sorivan , Vreysen Marc J.B. , Rathor Mohammad N. , Gilles Jeremie R.L. , Cannavan Andrew 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a biological control tactic that is used as a component of area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programs. The SIT can only be applied against disease-transmitting mosquitoes when only sterile male mosquitoes are released, and the blood-sucking and potentially disease-transmitting females are eliminated from the production line. For Anopheles arabiensis, a potent vector of malaria, a genetic sexing strain was developed whereby females can be eliminated by treating the eggs or larvae with the insecticide dieldrin. To evaluate the presence of dieldrin residues in male mosquitoes designated for SIT releases, a simple, sensitive, and accurate gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC–ECD) method was developed. In addition, bioaccumulation and food chain transfer of these residues to fish after feeding with treated mosquitoes was demonstrated. The overall recovery from method validation studies was 77.3 ± 2.2% (mean ± relative standard deviation [RSD]) for the mosquitoes, and 99.1 ± 4.4% (mean ± RSD) for the fish. The average dieldrin concentration found in adult male An. arabiensis was 28.1 ± 2.9 µg/kg (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). A range of 23.9 ± 1.1 µg/kg to 73.9 ± 5.2 µg/kg (mean ± SD) of dieldrin was found in the fish samples. These findings indicate the need to reassess the environmental and health implications of control operations with a SIT component against An. arabiensis that involves using persistent organochlorines in the sexing process. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2786–2791. © 2013 IAEA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol, fluoxetine, and the mixture on life history traits and population growth rates in a freshwater gastropod
Authors: Luna Tamara O. , Plautz Stephanie C. , Salice Christopher J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), some of which have endocrine-disrupting effects at environmentally relevant concentrations, have been detected in many surface waters. The authors evaluated the effects of 2 common endocrine disrupting PPCPs on the life history traits of the snail, Physa pomilia, using a life table response experiment with snails raised in environmentally relevant concentrations of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), fluoxetine, or their mixture. Exposure to fluoxetine or the mixture reduced snail reproduction, but EE2 did not. Generally, individual life history traits were affected minimally by the PPCPs, but when integrated using a demographic model, all 3 chemical exposure scenarios decreased population growth rates, with the EE2 and fluoxetine mixture causing the most adverse effects. Overall, the results provide additional insight into the effects of PPCPs on freshwater invertebrates and point to the importance of testing simultaneous exposures to multiple PPCPs. In addition, using a demographic model to integrate individual endpoints provided insights into effects that were not apparent from individual life history traits alone and suggest at least a potential for adverse ecological effects under realistic environmental exposures concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2771–2778. © 2013 SETAC
Improving sediment-quality guidelines for nickel: Development and application of predictive bioavailability models to assess chronic toxicity of nickel in freshwater sediments
Authors: Vangheluwe Marnix L.U. , Verdonck Frederik A.M. , Besser John M. , Brumbaugh William G. , Ingersoll Christopher G. , Schlekat Christan E. , Garman Emily Rogevich 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Within the framework of European Union chemical legislations an extensive data set on the chronic toxicity of sediment nickel has been generated. In the initial phase of testing, tests were conducted with 8 taxa of benthic invertebrates in 2 nickel-spiked sediments, including 1 reasonable worst-case sediment with low concentrations of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and total organic carbon. The following species were tested: amphipods (Hyalella azteca, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus), mayflies (Hexagenia sp.), oligochaetes (Tubifex tubifex, Lumbriculus variegatus), mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea), and midges (Chironomus dilutus, Chironomus riparius). In the second phase, tests were conducted with the most sensitive species in 6 additional spiked sediments, thus generating chronic toxicity data for a total of 8 nickel-spiked sediments. A species sensitivity distribution was elaborated based on 10% effective concentrations yielding a threshold value of 94 mg Ni/kg dry weight under reasonable worst-case conditions. Data from all sediments were used to model predictive bioavailability relationships between chronic toxicity thresholds (20% effective concentrations) and AVS and Fe, and these models were used to derive site-specific sediment-quality criteria. Normalization of toxicity values reduced the intersediment variability in toxicity values significantly for the amphipod species Hyalella azteca and G. pseudolimnaeus, but these relationships were less clearly defined for the mayfly Hexagenia sp. Application of the models to prevailing local conditions resulted in threshold values ranging from 126 mg to 281 mg Ni/kg dry weight, based on the AVS model, and 143 mg to 265 mg Ni/kg dry weight, based on the Fe model. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2507–2519. © 2013 SETAC
Preparation and olfactory evaluation of mono‐ and bicyclic compounds featuring gem‐dimethylcyclohexane structures
Authors: Godeau Julien , Grau Fanny , Antoniotti Sylvain , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA series of non‐conjugated dienic and trienic diester derivatives was catalytically cyclized and the ester and ethylenic moieties were further transformed into several functional groups. Olfactory evaluation of the compound series featuring gem‐dimethyl and isopropenyl motifs presents woody and fruity aspects as the main notes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel nonreflecting boundary condition for unsteady flow
Authors: Zafer Baha , Delale Can F. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYA novel nonreflecting boundary condition, which converges to the specified time‐dependent boundary condition within any degree of accuracy, is introduced for the numerical simulation of hyperbolic systems and validated against the solution of two fundamental boundary value problems in fluids. First, transonic nozzle flow with backward acoustic disturbance is considered. Using high‐order aeroacoustic numerical schemes, the proposed nonreflecting boundary condition yields results that are in excellent agreement with those obtained using conventional nonreflecting boundary conditions based on the method of characteristics as well as with the results of the exact solution. The novel nonreflecting boundary condition, implemented into a semi‐analytical solution algorithm of unsteady bubbly cavitating nozzle flows, is also validated against results obtained using a Lagrangian finite volume scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Action observers implicitly expect actors to act goal‐coherently, even if they do not: An fMRI study
Authors: Hrkać Mari , Wurm Moritz F. , Schubotz Ricarda I. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractActions observed in everyday life normally consist of one person performing sequences of goal‐directed actions. The present fMRI study tested the hypotheses that observers are influenced by the actor's identity, even when this information is task‐irrelevant, and that this information shapes their expectation on subsequent actions of the same actor. Participants watched short video clips of action steps that either pertained to a common action with an overarching goal or not, and were performed by either one or by varying actors (2 × 2 design). Independent of goal coherence, actor coherence elicited activation in dorsolateral and ventromedial frontal cortex, together pointing to a spontaneous attempt to integrate all actions performed by one actor. Interestingly, watching an actor performing unrelated actions elicited additional activation in left inferior frontal gyrus, suggesting a search in semantic memory in an attempt to construct an overarching goal that can reconcile the disparate action steps with a coherent intention. Post‐experimental surveys indicate that these processes occur mostly unconsciously. Findings strongly suggest a spontaneous expectation bias toward actor‐related episodes in action observers, and hence to the immense impact of actor information on action observation. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2178–2190, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ATP‐binding cassette transporters and cholesterol translocation
Authors: Li Ge , Gu Hong‐Mei , Zhang Da‐Wei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCholesterol, a major component of mammalian cell membranes, plays important structural and functional roles. However, accumulation of excessive cholesterol is toxic to cells. Aberrant cholesterol trafficking and accumulation is the molecular basis for many diseases, such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and Tangier's disease. Accumulation of excessive cholesterol is also believed to contribute to the early onset of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, cellular cholesterol homeostasis is tightly regulated by uptake, de novo synthesis, and efflux. Any surplus of cholesterol must either be stored in the cytosol in the form of esters or released from the cell. Recently, several ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG5, and ABCG8 have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis by mediating cholesterol efflux. Mutations in ABC transporters are associated with several human diseases. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of ABC transporters and the underlying mechanisms by which they mediate cholesterol translocation. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(6):505–512, 2013
Musculoskeletal pain and physical functioning in the oldest old
Authors: Mänty M. , Thinggaard M. , Christensen K. , Avlund K. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the impact of pain on physical functioning among the oldest‐old subjects. In this study, we first examined the associations between the number of painful sites and measures of physical functioning reflecting different stages of the disablement process (physical impairment, functional limitation and disability) among nonagenarians (more than ninety years old persons). Second, we described the effect of painful sites on disability during a 2‐year follow‐up period.MethodsThis study is based on baseline (n = 1177) and 2‐year follow‐up (n = 709) data of the nationwide Danish 1905 cohort study. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed as reported pain in back, hips or knees when moving or resting. Physical performance measures included maximum grip strength and habitual walking speed. Disability in performing activities of daily living was defined as the need for assistive device or personal help in transferring, dressing, washing, using toilet and/or walking indoors.ResultsAt baseline, the number of painful sites was significantly associated with measured grip strength and walking speed as well as self‐reported disability in a stepwise manner; the more sites with pain, the poorer the physical functioning. The follow‐up analyses showed corresponding but slightly weaker stepwise associations between baseline pain and disability level at follow‐up, and indicated that although on the whole, single or multi‐site pain did not predict the onset of disability, multi‐site pain increased the risk of developing severe disability.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that musculoskeletal pain in nonagenarians is highly prevalent and is associated with poor physical performance and disability.
Building on Content, Bridging Literacies, and Broadening Community
Authors: Skinner Emily Neil , Hagood Margaret Carmody 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis editorial lays out the editors’ vision for Volume 57 of the Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy: to provide rich research, review a variety of print and digital texts for adolescents and adults and highlight diverse perspectives across departments regarding literacies learning and education. Also, the JAAL editors continue to cultivate active engagement of JAAL readers as both consumers and producers in the JAAL community through JAAL's Facebook page. Further, editors continue the inclusion of multimedia material through feature article video clips and podcasts.
Boundaries for Contemporary Literature: The Role of Censorship and Choice
Authors: Denzin Jen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPromoting student power in the choice of high school literature can prove uncomfortable, unruly, and contentious. Without enough preparation, research, and reading, teachers may find language, content, and themes to be more mature than initially anticipated. This essay explores one teacher's reflection of two instances when choice reading lead to discussions and written reflections of questionable content.Providing a look into the potential pitfalls associated with choice reading for both the high school teacher and student, with insightful student responses and data from teacher‐research, the power that comes from choice ultimately trumps the fear of “inappropriate” content.
Giving Voice to Valeria's Story: Support, Value, and Agency for Immigrant Adolescents
Authors: Stewart Mary Amanda 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe article presents the circumstances of a recent Salvadoran immigrant high school student who puts forth great effort to learn despite difficult circumstances caused by her immigration status, economic realities, and the educational system itself. The author issues a call to action for literacy educators to revolutionize their relationships with students, curriculum, and pedagogy. She discusses the need for teachers to give their immigrant students support through caring relationships, value of their lived experiences through relevant literature, and the agency they have lost through writing about their immigration stories.
Size tuning of Ag‐decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays for improved bactericidal capacity of orthopedic implants
Authors: Esfandiari N. , Simchi A. , Bagheri R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSurface modification of orthopedic implants using titanium dioxide nanotubes and silver nanoparticles (SNs) is a promising approach to prevent bacteria adhesion, biofilm formation, and implant infection. Herein, we utilized a straightforward and all‐solution process to prepare silver‐decorated TiO2 nanotube arrays with surface density of 103 to 104 per µm2. With controlling the synthesis conditions, hexagonal closed‐packed nanotubes with opening diameter of 30–100 nm that are decorated with SNs with varying sizes (12–40 nm) were prepared. Various analytical techniques were utilized to characterize the size, morphology, distribution, valance state, surface roughness, and composition of the prepared antibacterial films. The bactericidal capacity of the films were studied on Escherichia coli (E. coli) by drop‐test method and correlated with the size and percentage of Ag as well as the surface density of TiO2 nanotube arrays. Synergetic effect of TiO2 nanotubes and SNs on the antibacterial activity of the composite films is shown. The bactericidal capacity is found to depend on the size characteristics of the Ag‐TiO2 coating. The highest antibacterial activity is obtained for TiO2 nanotubes with opening diameter of about 100 nm and SNs with an average size of 20 nm. MTT assay using osteoblast MG63 cells was performed to examine the cell viability. We suggest that release rate of the silver ions is an important factor controlling the antibacterial activity. Additionally, the size dependency of the bactericidal capacity implies that electrical coupling between silver and TiO2 nanotubes and improved hydrophobicity of the coating might influence the bacterial behavior of the hybrid nanostructures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2625–2635, 2014.
Biological behavior of fibroblast on contractile collagen hydrogel crosslinked by γ‐irradiation
Authors: Zhang Xiangmei , Zhang Yaqing , Chen Wenqiang , Xu Ling , Wei Shicheng , Zheng Yufeng , Zhai Maolin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCollagen hydrogels exhibited a contractile trend in simulated body fluid. In this study, the internal pore architecture and mechanical properties of collagen hydrogel prepared by radiation crosslinking was evaluated during contraction, and the effect of contractile collagen hydrogels on the biological behavior of fibroblasts were investigated in vitro, such as viability, proliferation, morphology, apoptosis, cycle, and stress fiber. The results showed that accompany with contraction of collagen hydrogel, the pore diameter of the hydrogels decreased and compressive modulus increased. However, fibroblasts can grow on contractile collagen hydrogels. Indeed, collagen hydrogel contracted from circumference to the interior, which retard the spreading of fibroblasts on the dynamic substrate and interrupted the initial attachment of the cell. However, contraction of collagen hydrogel had not only significant influence on the L929 cell proliferation, but also accelerated the apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis showed that contractile collagen hydrogel may promote cell cycle from G0/G1 phase to S phase, and DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were enhanced, but which may be different in contraction process. Therefore, as a scaffold for tissue engineering, the strategy for inhibition of the contraction of collagen hydrogel should be taken into account. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2669–2679, 2014.
Varying the costs of sunk costs: Optimal and non‐optimal choices in a sunk‐cost task with humans
Authors: Avila Raul , Yankelevitz Rachelle L. , Gonzalez Juan C. , Hackenberg Timothy D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTwelve adult human subjects were exposed to a sunk‐cost procedure with two options: a mixed‐ratio schedule of points later exchangeable for money, and an escape schedule that cancelled the current trial and initiated a new one. The mixed ratio included four values, arranged probabilistically in such a way that the expected ratios favored either persistence or escape. These probabilities were varied systematically on a within‐subject basis across conditions. Absolute ratio size was thus varied across four groups of three subjects each, yielding unique combinations of expected ratios from escaping and persisting. When the differences between escaping and persisting differed the least, subjects tended to persist, committing the sunk‐cost error. When the differences between persisting and escaping differed by a larger margin, choice patterns tended toward optimal—escaping or persisting as a function of the contingencies. These findings demonstrate that sunk‐cost decision‐making errors in humans are sensitive to their relative costs and benefits, and illustrate a promising set of methods for bringing such behavior under experimental control in the laboratory.