bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substructural Condition Assessment Based on Force Identification and Interface Force Sensitivity
Authors: Liu Kun , Law Siu-Seong , Zhu Xin-Qun 
Published: July 2014

Time domain substructural condition assessment method is actively researched in recent years to avoid the problem with uncertainties in the different components of the structure, boundary conditions and with an improved effort in the inverse computation. Since the interface force between substructures would vary with the existence of local damages and excitation in the substructures, existing condition assessment method for a full structure cannot be applied directly to the substructures. Also, most existing approaches adopt the state space method in the response prediction. However, the state space method can be shown in this paper inaccurate in the forward substructural dynamic analysis due to the discretization error, and therefore identification based on this method cannot give satisfactory result for a substructure. The force identification for a full structure based on the explicit Newmark-β method has been shown superior to the state space method [K. Liu et al., J. Sound Vibr.33(3) (2014) 730–744]. This method is extended in this paper for substructural interface force identification. The variation of interface forces between substructures with variation in the substructural condition is illustrated with a plane truss structure. Subsequent condition assessment based on substructural response sensitivity is proposed with the analytical derivation of the sensitivity taking into account the interface force sensitivity which is not small to be ignored. The new damage detection method based on the explicit Newmark-β method and the substructural response sensitivity is verified numerically with different damage scenarios in a plane truss structure giving satisfactory results.
Chronic Hypoxemia in Late Gestation Decreases Cardiomyocyte Number but Does Not Change Expression of Hypoxia‐Responsive Genes
Authors: Botting Kimberley J. , McMillen I. Caroline , Forbes Heather , Nyengaard Jens R. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: July 2014

Background
Placental insufficiency is the leading cause of intrauterine growth restriction in the developed world and results in chronic hypoxemia in the fetus. Oxygen is essential for fetal heart development, but a hypoxemic environment in utero can permanently alter development of cardiomyocytes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of placental restriction and chronic hypoxemia on total number of cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, total length of coronary capillaries, and expression of genes regulated by hypoxia.

Methods and Results

We induced experimental placental restriction from conception, which resulted in fetal growth restriction and chronic hypoxemia. Fetal hearts in the
placental restriction
group had fewer cardiomyocytes, but interestingly, there was no difference in the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes; the abundance of the transcription factor that mediates hypoxia‐induced apoptosis, p53; or expression of apoptotic genes
Bax
and
Bcl2
. Likewise, there was no difference in the abundance of autophagy regulator beclin 1 or expression of autophagic genes
BECN1
,
BNIP3
,
LAMP1
, and
MAP1LC3B
. Furthermore, fetuses exposed to normoxemia (control) or chronic hypoxemia (
placental restriction
) had similar
mRNA
expression of a suite of hypoxia‐inducible factor target genes, which are essential for angiogenesis (
VEGF
,
Flt1
,
Ang1
,
Ang2
, and
Tie2
), vasodilation (
iNOS
and
Adm
), and glycolysis (
GLUT1
and
GLUT3
). In addition, there was no change in the expression of PKC‐ε, a cardioprotective gene with transcription regulated by hypoxia in a manner independent of hypoxia‐inducible factors. There was an increased capillary length density but no difference in the total length of capillaries in the hearts of the chronically hypoxemic fetuses.

Conclusion
The lack of upregulation of hypoxia target genes in response to chronic hypoxemia in the fetal heart in late gestation may be due to a decrease in the number of cardiomyocytes (decreased oxygen demand) and the maintenance of the total length of capillaries. Consequently, these adaptive responses in the fetal heart may maintain a normal oxygen tension within the cardiomyocyte of the chronically hypoxemic fetus in late gestation.
Irrigation Solutions in Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Lodhia Kunal A. , Dale Oliver T. , Winter Stuart C. 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: It is common practice to irrigate the operative site following tumor resection during major head and neck surgery. A variety of irrigation solutions are used, but there are few data on their relative efficacies in this context. Methods: The effect of different irrigation solutions on cell survival was assessed by clonogenic survival assay in 5 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines at different time points. Results: Saline had no effect on cell survival in any of the cell lines tested. Hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, and a hydrogen peroxide/povidone-iodine mix caused complete cell death in all cell lines. Irrigation with distilled water caused a significant reduction in cell survival in 3 cell lines. Duration of exposure showed no effect on cell survival. Conclusion: These data suggest a significant difference in the cytocidal effect of commonly used irrigation solutions on head and neck cancer cells in an in vitro model.
Amsterdam’s STI/HIV programme: An innovative strategy to achieve and enhance the participation of migrant community-based organisations
Authors: Wagemakers Annemarie , van Husen Gwen , Barrett Jennifer B , Koelen Maria A 
Published: July 2014

Objective: The STI/HIV prevention programme in Amsterdam aims to improve the sexual health of Amsterdam residents of African, Antillean, Aruban and Surinamese origins. The programme strategy is to achieve and enhance the participation of migrant community-based organisations (CBOs) in sexual health promotion through a grant scheme and by providing support to CBOs in developing, implementing and monitoring STI/HIV projects within their own communities. This evaluation focussed on identifying obstacles and successes of the CBO projects, assessing the organisation of the programme and examining the level of CBO participation. Design: Multi-method qualitative approach based on a community-based research framework, including document analysis, 37 semi-structured interviews with CBO representatives and Public Health Service (PHS) professionals and participant observation. Setting: Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Results: In total, 76 CBOs participated in the programme, and 110 diverse and culturally specific projects were developed. The CBOs appreciated participation in the programme, but did not necessarily perceive their participation to be at a high level. The multiple roles fulfilled by the PHS coordinator and the capacity of both the PHS and the CBOs were crucial for success. Conclusion: This study shows that the strategy to achieve and enhance participation by CBOs in combination with grant schemes is efficient for developing and implementing STI/HIV projects, provided that there is on-going support to develop, implement and monitor projects. In assessing the effectiveness of the programme, a number of challenges lie ahead, especially regarding the continuous monitoring of projects and assessing programme impact on sexual health.
Bicaval dual-lumen cannula for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Avalon© cannula in childhood disease
Authors: Berdajs D 
Published: July 2014

Severe acute refractory respiratory failure is considered a life-threatening situation, with a high mortality of 40 to 60%. When conservative oxygenation methods fail, a lifesaving measure is the introduction of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO) is a preferred modality of support for patients with refractory acute respiratory failure. Specifically, bicaval VV-ECMO is a well-recognized and validated therapy, where single or double periphery venous access is used for the insertion of two differently sized cannulas in order to achieve adequate blood oxygenation. Compared to venoarterial ECMO, in VV-ECMO, the rate of complications, such as thrombosis, bleeding, infection and ischemic events, is lower. On the other hand, the size and insertion location is an obstacle to patient mobilization. This is a considerable problem for patients where the time interval for lung recovery and the bridge to the transplantation is prolonged. To address this issue, a dual-lumen, single venovenous cannula was introduced. Here, by insertion of one single catheter in one target vessel, in a majority of cases in the right internal jugular vein, satisfactory oxygenation of the patient is achieved. In this form, the instituted VV-ECMO enables patient mobility, better physical rehabilitation and facilitates pulmonary extubation and toilet. However, relatively early, after the first short-term reports were published, a relatively high complication rate became evident. In the recent literature, the complication rate using actual commercially available double-lumen venovenous cannula ranges between 5 and 30%. These cases were mostly conjoined to the implantation phase or the early postoperative phase and vary between right heart perforation to migration of the cannula. This review focuses on complications allied to commercially available dual-lumen, single, venovenous cannula implantation, pointing out the critical segments of the implantation process and analyzing the structure of the device.
Administering anticipatory medications in end-of-life care: A qualitative study of nursing practice in the community and in nursing homes
Authors: Wilson Eleanor , Morbey Hazel , Brown Jayne , Payne Sheila , Seale Clive , Seymour Jane 
Published: July 2014

Background: In the United Kingdom, an approach to improving end-of-life care has been the introduction of ‘just in case’ or ‘anticipatory’ medications. Nurses are often responsible for deciding when to use anticipatory medications, but little is known about their experiences. Aim: To examine nurses’ decisions, aims and concerns when using anticipatory medications. Design: An ethnographic study in two UK regions, using observations and interviews with nurses working in community and nursing home teams ( n = 8). Findings: Observations ( n = 83) and interviews ( n = 61) with community nurses. Nurses identified four ‘conditions’ that needed to be established before they implemented anticipatory medications: (1) irreversibility; (2) inability to take oral medication; (3) where the patient was able, they should consent and (4) decision had to be independent of demands or requests from patient’s relatives. By using anticipation medications, nurses sought to enable patients to be ‘comfortable and settled’ by provision of gradual relief of symptoms at the lowest dose possible. They aimed to respond quickly to needs, seeking to avoid hospital admission or medical call-out, while adhering to local prescribing policies. Worries included distinguishing between pain and agitation, balancing risks of under- and over-medication and the possibility of hastening death. Conclusion: Nurses take a leading role in the administration of anticipatory medications. Nurses apply consideration and caution to the administration of anticipatory medications but some experience emotional burden. Education, training and experience played a role in the nurses’ confidence and should continue to be central to efforts to improving the quality of palliative care in the community and nursing homes.
Comparative Study on Immediate Versus Delayed Meniscus Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Jiang Dong , Ao Ying-fang , Gong Xi , Wang Yong-jian , Zheng Zhuo-zhao , Yu Jia-kuo 
Published: July 2014

Background: Meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) is generally used for patients who sustain symptoms after meniscectomy, which could be called delayed MAT. Meniscus allograft transplantation for patients immediately after meniscectomy has not been reported. Hypothesis: Compared with the conventional delayed MAT, immediate MAT might provide better clinical results and reduce joint degeneration. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study was performed with 18 transplanted menisci (6 medial, 12 lateral) from 16 patients. Eight menisci were transplanted immediately after meniscectomy (IM group); 10 menisci, from patients who complained of knee symptoms at a mean time of 35 months (range, 9-92 months) after total meniscectomy, underwent delayed transplantation (DE group). Fourteen patients undergoing meniscectomy during the same period were included as controls (ME group). Degenerative changes in knee joints were evaluated by plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Allograft extrusion and relative percentage of extrusion were measured on MRI. Other outcome assessments included preoperative and postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Tegner, and Lysholm scores; visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; and range of motion and isokinetic muscle strength evaluation. Results: The mean length of follow-up was 50.8 months (range, 44-62 months) for the IM group, 72.0 months (range, 44-94 months) for the DE group, and 54.3 months (range, 45-62 months) for the ME group. A statistically significant difference in favor of the IM and ME groups was found on the VAS (0.4 [IM group] vs 1.1 [ME group] vs 2.5 [DE group]) and muscle strength ( P < .05). The mean IKDC score in the IM group was significantly higher than that in the DE group (93 [range, 85-99] vs 74 [range, 38-95], respectively; P < .05). The IM group showed significantly less preoperative to postoperative cartilage degeneration changes on radiographs and MRI when compared with the DE and ME groups (Kellgren-Lawrence score changes: 0.25 [IM group] vs 1.0 [DE group] vs 1.7 [ME group]; Yulish score changes: 0.25 [IM group] vs 1.0 [DE group] vs 1.1 [ME group]; P < .05). Extrusion of the allograft was observed in the body of the menisci in all patients. No significant difference was found in terms of the Lysholm score, Tegner score, joint narrowing, or meniscus extrusion ( P > .05). Conclusion: Compared with delayed MAT, immediate MAT led to more satisfactory subjective results, less joint degeneration, and less muscle strength deficits. The short-term results of delayed meniscus transplantation were close to those of meniscectomy.
Relatives’ participation in everyday care in special care units for persons with dementia
Authors: Helgesen Ann Karin , Athlin Elsy , Larsson Maria 
Published: July 2014

Background: Research concerning relatives’ participation in the everyday care related to persons living in special care units for persons with dementia is limited. Research questions: To examine relatives’ participation in their near one’s everyday care, the level of burden experienced and important factors for participation, in this special context. Design: The study had a cross-sectional design, and data collection was carried out by means of a study-specific questionnaire. Participants and context: A total of 233 relatives from 23 different special care units participated. Ethical consideration: The study was approved by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services. Results: A great majority of relatives reported that they visited weekly and were the resident’s spokesperson, but seldom really participated in decisions concerning their everyday care. Participation was seldom reported as a burden. Discussion: This study indicated that relatives were able to make a difference to their near one’s everyday life and ensure quality of care based on their biographical expertise, intimate knowledge about and emotional bond with the resident. Since knowing the resident is a prerequisite for providing individualised care that is in line with the resident’s preferences, information concerning these issues is of utmost importance. Conclusion: This study prompts reflection about what it is to be a spokesperson and whether everyday care is neglected in this role. Even though relatives were satisfied with the care provided, half of them perceived their participation as crucial for the resident’s well-being. This indicated that relatives were able to offer important extras due to their biographical expertise, intimate knowledge about and emotional bond with the resident. Good routines securing that written information about the residents’ life history and preferences is available and used should be implemented in practice.
Multiple Family Groups for Child Behavior Difficulties
Authors: Gopalan Geetha , Fuss Ashley , Wisdom Jennifer P. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose: The Multiple Family Group (MFG) service delivery model to reduce childhood disruptive behavior disorders has shown promise in engaging child welfare–involved families. This qualitative study examines caregivers’ perceptions of factors that influence retention in MFGs among child welfare–involved families. Methods: Twenty-five predominantly Black and Hispanic adult (aged 26–57) female caregivers with child welfare services involvement participated in individual, in-depth interviews. Transcribed interview data were thematically coded, guided by grounded theory methodology. Emergent themes were subsequently organized into a conceptual framework. Results: Factors promoting retention included the quality of interaction among group members, group facilitators’ attentive approach with caregivers, supports designed to overcome logistical barriers, and perceptions of MFG activities as fun and helpful. Caregivers’ mental health and personal characteristics as well as children’s behavior also impacted retention. Conclusions: Findings suggest MFGs are acceptable for child welfare–involved caregivers. Modifications are suggested to tailor to setting and client characteristics.
Disclosure of disease status among employed multiple sclerosis patients: Association with negative work events and accommodations
Authors: Frndak Seth E , Kordovski Victoria M , Cookfair Diane , Rodgers Jonathan D , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph HB 
Published: July 2014

Background: Unemployment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and detrimental to quality of life. Studies suggest disclosure of diagnosis is an adaptive strategy for patients. However, the role of cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms in disclosure are not well studied. Objective: The goals of this paper were to (a) determine clinical factors most predictive of disclosure, and (b) measure the effects of disclosure on workplace problems and accommodations in employed patients. Methods: We studied two overlapping cohorts: a cross-sectional sample ( n = 143) to determine outcomes associated with disclosure, and a longitudinal sample ( n = 103) compared at four time points over one year on reported problems and accommodations. A case study of six patients, disclosing during monitoring, was also included. Results: Disclosure was associated with greater physical disability but not cognitive impairment. Logistic regression predicting disclosure status retained physical disability, accommodations and years of employment ( p < 0.0001). Disclosed patients reported more work problems and accommodations over time. The case study revealed that reasons for disclosing are multifaceted, including connection to employer, decreased mobility and problems at work. Conclusion: Although cognitive impairment is linked to unemployment, it does not appear to inform disclosure decisions. Early disclosure may help maintain employment if followed by appropriate accommodations.
JC virus antibody status in a pediatric multiple sclerosis cohort: Prevalence, conversion rate and influence on disease severity
Authors: Huppke Peter , Hummel Hanna , Ellenberger David , Pfeifenbring Sabine , Stark Wiebke , Huppke Brenda , Brück Wolfgang , Gärtner Jutta 
Published: July 2014

Background: Because of the emergence of novel therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) and the associated increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, John Cunningham (JC) virus infection has become a focus of interest for neurologists. However, little is known about JC virus infection in pediatric MS to date. Objective: We aimed to analyze the prevalence of anti-JC virus antibodies, the conversion rate and the influence of the anti-JC virus antibody status on the clinical course in a large pediatric MS cohort. Methods: Anti-JC virus antibodies were analyzed in serum samples within six months of disease onset and during the course of the disease. Clinical data were extracted from a pediatric MS databank. Results: A total of 51.6% of 256 patients were found to be positive for anti-JC virus antibodies at onset of disease. No correlation between antibody status and clinical course was seen. Analyzing 693 follow-up serum samples revealed high titer stability, and an annual conversion rate of 4.37% was seen. Conclusion: No evidence was found that seropositivity for anti-JC virus antibodies influences the clinical course. Surprisingly, seroprevalence for anti-JC virus antibodies was more than twice as high as anticipated in this age group, raising the question of whether the infection increases the risk of MS development.
Clinical Assessment of Fluid Balance is Incomplete for Colorectal Surgical Patients
Authors: Tolstrup J. , Brandstrup B. 
Published: July 2014

Background and Aims: Fluid balance for the surgical patient has been proven very important for the postoperative outcome and development of complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time in modern times, the accordance between nurse-based fluid charting (cumulated fluid balance) and body weight change for general surgical patients. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study with prospectively collected data from two clinical randomized multicenter trials. A total of 113 patients from American Society of Anesthesiology group I–III undergoing elective colorectal surgery were included. Cumulated fluid balance and body weight change were charted preoperatively and daily at the same time during a postoperative period of 6 days. Differences were calculated by subtracting cumulated fluid balance from body weight change (1 g = 1 mL), and agreement was assessed by making Bland–Altman plots as well as Pearson correlations. Results: From day 1 to 4, the mean difference between cumulated fluid balance and body weight change was below 0.4 kg/L. On day 5 and 6, the discrepancies increased with mean differences of, respectively, 1.2 kg/L (p < 0.002*) and 2 kg/L (p < 0.0001*). Bland–Altman plots showed increasingly poor agreement for all postoperative days with wide limits of agreement, ranging from more than 6 kg/L to almost 10 kg/L. Pearson correlations were moderate to strong at all times ranging from 0.437 (day 1) to 0.758 (day 4). Conclusions: The accordance between cumulated fluid balance and body weight change for colorectal surgical patients is relatively good for the first four postoperative days, however, with large uncertainty, whereas on the fifth and sixth postoperative day, the discrepancy is statistically and clinically significant. The fluid chart cannot stand alone in interpretation of the patient’s fluid balance; body weight and clinical judgment is indispensable.