bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gill Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Biomarkers of Pollution Impacts in Nile Tilapia from Lake Mariut and Lake Edku, Egypt
Authors: Abdel-Moneim Ashraf M. , El-Saad Ahmed M. Abu , Hussein Hussein K. , Dekinesh Samir I. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Various oxidative stress and histopathological biomarkers in gill tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. Fish were collected from four sites that differ in their extent of pollution load, including heavy metals: the southeast basin (SEB), main basin (MB), and northwest basin (NWB) of Lake Mariut; and Boughaz El-Maadiya, a channel in Lake Edku. The oxidative stress biomarkers that were analyzed included lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione redox cycle enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and glutathione reductase [GR]). Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were also evaluated. Gill morphology was analyzed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gill LPO was significantly higher in gill tissues of fish collected from the more heavily contaminated MB (40.0%) and NWB (51.4%) sites than in gill samples from the less-contaminated (reference) site, the SEB. Gill LPO in fish from Lake Edku was intermediate but was not significantly higher (17.1%) than the reference. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the redox-sensitive thiol compound GSH were significantly lower in gill samples from the disturbed sites than in samples from the reference site. Specifically, SOD in MB, NWB, and Lake Edku samples; CAT and GPx in NWB samples; and GR activity and GSH content in MB and NWB samples were lower than those in SEB samples. In most cases, gill tissues from Lake Edku fish had intermediate levels of antioxidants. The main histopathological alterations observed in gills were epithelial lifting, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, and aneurysms. In addition, SEM results demonstrated transformation of the surface structure of epithelial pavement cells. Pathological reactions in the gills of Nile tilapia were most severe at the MB and NWB sites. Our findings suggest that Nile tilapia responded differently according to the environmental stress index in each sampling area. This study is the first to report gill oxidative stress and histopathologies in Nile tilapia from Egyptian aquatic environments.
Received March 20, 2011; accepted March 5, 2012
In Vitro Study of Adherence, Invasion, and Persistence of Streptococcus iniae in Fibroblastic-Like Fish Cell Line SAF-1
Authors: Aamri F. El , Real F. , Acosta F. , Acosta B. , Valdivia J. , Ramos-Vivas J. , Padilla D. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Streptococcus iniae is a major fish pathogen producing invasive infections that result in economic losses in aquaculture. Gentamicin protection assays were used to investigate the ability of different S. iniae strains to invade and adhere to fibroblastic-like fish cell line SAF-1. All strains tested were detected intracellularly using both techniques, with variable internalization degrees between strains. The experiments carried out at 4°C demonstrated that active cell metabolism is necessary for bacterial internalization. Intracellular bacteria were detected for up to 3 d with a round morphology and were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), indicating that some bacterial cells may remain viable inside SAF-1 cells. Our in vitro findings indicate that S. iniae is capable of adhering, entering, and surviving within fibroblastic cells, which may be important for the persistence and establishment of a carrier state.
Received July 8, 2011; accepted February 12, 2012
Pond-Level Risk Factors Associated with Columnaris Disease on Mississippi Commercial Catfish Farms
Authors: Cunningham Fred L. , Jack S. W. , Hardin David , Wills Robert W. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A large commercial catfish enterprise encompassing over 500 food fish ponds from five farms covering multiple counties in the Mississippi Delta was included in this analysis of columnaris risk factors. A gram-negative bacterium, Flavobacterium columnare, is the cause of columnaris disease and is considered the second-most prevalent bacterial disease in farm-raised catfish. The objective of this study was to determine if pond-level risk factors reported by farm personnel were associated with columnaris disease mortalities. To identify risk factors affecting susceptibility of farm-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus to columnaris disease, a Catfish Management database was developed. Logistic regression was used to model the relationships between probability of columnaris in ponds and risk factors examined. Generalized linear mixed models incorporating hierarchically structured random effects of ponds and one or more fixed-effects risk factors were fitted. In the screening process, each risk factor was evaluated in the basic model as a single fixed-effects factor, and if associated with the outcome (P ≤ 0.20), was retained for development of multivariable models. Two multivariable logistic regression models were constructed from data collected at the pond level by producers. The first was constructed from data in which water quality was not considered. Pond depth and reduced feed consumption for a 14-d period prior to disease outbreaks measured on a per hectare basis were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with columnaris disease. The second, in which water quality variables were also considered, pond depth, reduced feed consumption, shorter intervals from stocking to disease outbreaks, and total ammonia nitrogen were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with columnaris occurrence. This study showed some commonly recorded production variables were associated with columnaris disease outbreaks and, if monitored, could help identify “at risk” ponds before disease outbreaks occur.
Received September 16, 2011; accepted February 9, 2012
Density‐dependent mortality in adults, but not juveniles, of stream‐resident brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: LOBÓN‐CERVIÁ JAVIER 
Published: August 2012

Summary1. This study investigates when and where density dependence operates on the mortality rates of stream‐resident brown troutSalmo trutta. To this aim, I explored populations in habitats of different quality containing high, low or intermediate densities over broad scales of space and time. The study is based on census data of 170 cohorts quantified from recruitment to the total disappearance at 12 sites in four contrasting tributaries of the Rio Esva drainage (north‐western Spain), over the years 1986–2007.2. Log10‐transformed survivor density over time highlighted a consistent pattern for the 170 cohorts characterised by the occurrence of only two life stages. An early stage starts at recruitment, lasts about half the lifetime and shows no or negligible mortality. A threshold time at 425–620 days after emergence preceded a second stage of continuous and constant mortality until the final disappearance of the cohorts. Consequently, in all scenarios, mortality only occurred in the adult component and no effect of season, year, age‐class and/or reproductive stage was detected.3. Substantial spatial and temporal variations typified both recruitment (rangeR = 0.01–1.62 ind m−2) and adults’ mortality rates (rangeZ = 0.03–0.38 day−1). Nestedanovas revealed strong effects of site and year on both recruitment and mortality with sites interspersed along the stream gradients where recruitment and mortality were typically high relative to other sites located either nearby in the same stream or distant in another stream, where both recruitment and mortality rates were typically low or intermediate.4. Adult mortality rates plotted against recruitment for the 170 cohorts pooled revealed a continuous, positive power relationship that explained 45.3% of variation in mortality rates over the whole range of recruitment values. Similarly, highly significant power relationships were elucidated for site‐specific mortality rates averaged across years and for annual‐specific mortality rates averaged across sites against the corresponding mean recruitment averaged across years and sites, respectively. These relationships support the hypothesis that the operation of density dependence is scale independent and context independent but operates in a continuous manner across all scenarios examined.5. A chronic effect of density dependence on adult losses induces temporally persistent populations maintained by a low number of spawners. Apparently, the operation of density dependence adjusts the number of spawners to the availability of rearing and spawning habitat. This dynamic process may also help to explain the small effective population size (Ne) recently documented by genetic studies of stream‐living brown trout and other salmonids.
Does flooding affect spatiotemporal variation of fish assemblages in temperate floodplain wetlands?
Authors: BEESLEY LEAH , KING ALISON J. , AMTSTAETTER FRANK , KOEHN JOHN D. , GAWNE BEN , PRICE AMINA , NIELSEN DARYL L. , VILIZZI LORENZO , MEREDITH SHAUN N. 
Published: August 2012

Summary1. Floodplain wetlands are productive components of lowland rivers and are thought to be important habitat and nurseries for many fish species. Fish assemblages inhabiting floodplain wetlands vary considerably through space and time and are largely shaped by wetting/drying cycles, although there is little understanding how many aspects of flooding (e.g. magnitude, timing, duration, frequency) influence the fish assemblages. As a consequence, decisions on flooding of wetlands by managers aimed at restoring native fish assemblages are often based on limited knowledge.2. This study examined the importance of total duration of flooding on the temporal and spatial dynamics of wetland fish assemblages in the Murray River, in south‐eastern Australia. The study examined: (i) how the abundance of 0+ and 1+ fish varied with wetland, season and the duration of wetland filling; (ii) how environmental parameters, including food production changed in relation to the duration of wetland filling; (iii) changes in condition indices for the most abundant species and (iv) changes in species richness and total abundance over time.3. The 0+ fish assemblage varied more through space and time than the 1+ assemblage. Longer cumulative river–wetland filling was associated with greater total abundances of newly recruited (0+) fish; this was particularly true for common carp (Cyprinus carpio, alien) and carp gudgeon (Hypseleotris spp., native). The body condition of carp gudgeon also increased with the duration of filling, even though static measures of food production declined. The small flooding events that occurred as part of this study did not translate into measurable improvements in the fish assemblage over the longer term (3 years), but did prevent wetlands from drying and thus maintained these habitats as refuges.
Impacts of dormancy‐regulating chemicals on innate and salinity‐induced dormancy of four forage grasses native to Arabian deserts
Authors: El‐Keblawy A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe effects of dormancy‐regulating chemicals (DRCs) on alleviating innate and salinity‐induced dormancy (SID) were assessed in seeds of four perennial forage grasses (Pennisetum divisum, Sporobolus spicatus, Coelachyrum brevifolium and Centropodia forsskalii). These grasses have the potential to be used for restoration or rehabilitation of degraded rangelands of the Arabian Gulf deserts. The four species showed various levels of innate dormancy. Germination of seeds stored for 2 months was not enhanced by any of the five studied DRCs in both C. brevifolium and P. divisum, but significantly improved by thiourea, fusicoccin and gibberellic acid (GA) in C. forsskalii and by thiourea, fusicoccin and nitrate in S. spicatus. Salinity had a significant negative effect on all the studied grasses. Sporobolus spicatus was more tolerant to salinity, compared with the other species. The effect of DRCs on alleviating SID depended on species. Whereas DRCs had little effect on alleviating SID in C. forsskalii and P. divisum, they greatly alleviated it in S. spicatus and C. brevifolium. Partial alleviation was observed by fusicoccin in C. brevifolium and by GA, kinetin and thiourea in C. forsskalii. Nitrate, fusicoccin and GA resulted in a complete alleviation in S. spicatus seeds in 200 mm NaCl.
Cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bashashati M. , Rezaei N. , Bashashati H. , Shafieyoun A. , Daryani N. E. , Sharkey K. A. , Storr M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground  Low‐grade inflammation has been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Imbalances of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and polymorphisms in cytokine genes have been reported in IBS; however, these findings have not been consistently observed. This may be due to small sample sizes and differences in ethnicities. Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis on the studies that investigated cytokine gene polymorphisms in IBS patients compared to healthy controls.Methods  A PubMed and EMBASE search was performed, and cytokine gene polymorphisms, which had been investigated in at least two case‐control studies, were evaluated. Pooled odds ratios (OR) for the genotypes were calculated using random‐ or fixed‐effects models.Key Results  Five studies that investigated interleukin‐10 (IL‐10; −1082 G/A), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1; +869 T/C and +915 G/C) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF; −308 G/A) polymorphisms in IBS patients and controls were included. High producer IL‐10 (−1082 G/G; OR: 0.64 [95% CI: 0.48–0.87]) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of IBS. The intermediate producer TGF‐β1 (+915 G/C) genotype showed a tendency toward decreasing the risk of IBS. No associations were found between TNF (−308 G/A) genotypes and IBS in the whole meta‐analysis although an analysis of Asian studies revealed an association between TNF (−308 G/A and G/G) genotypes and IBS (OR: 0.50 [95% CI: 0.29–0.85]), and 1.82 [95% CI: 1.08–3.07], respectively).Conclusions & Inferences  This meta‐analysis indicates a role for IL‐10 polymorphisms in IBS in general and TNF in Asian populations. Whether or not gene polymorphisms are associated with alterations in cytokine levels leading to functional effects at the level of the gut needs further investigation.
Gastric emptying in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: the impact of autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Wixner J. , Karling P. , Rydh A. , Hörnsten R. , Wiklund U. , Anan I. , Suhr O. B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground  Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are common in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis and an autonomic dysfunction has been considered to explain these symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of autonomic neuropathy on gastric emptying in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis and to relate these findings to nutritional status, GI symptoms, gender, and age at disease onset.Methods  Gastric emptying was evaluated with gastric emptying scintigraphy. Spectral analysis of the heart rate variability and cardiovascular responses after tilt test were used to assess the autonomic function. The nutritional status was evaluated with the modified body mass index (s‐albumine × BMI).Key Results  Gastric retention was found in about one‐third of the patients. A weak correlation was found between the scintigraphic gastric emptying rate and both the sympathetic (rs = −0.397, P < 0.001) and parasympathetic function (rs = −0.282, P = 0.002). The gastric emptying rate was slower in those with lower or both upper and lower GI symptoms compared with those without symptoms (median T50 123 vs 113 min, P = 0.042 and 192 vs 113 min, P = 0.003, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age of onset (OR 0.10, CI 0.02–0.52) and sympathetic dysfunction (OR 0.23, CI 0.10–0.51), but not gender (OR 0.76, CI 0.31–1.84) and parasympathetic dysfunction (OR 1.81, CI 0.72–4.56), contributed to gastric retention.Conclusions and Inferences  Gastric retention is common in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis early after onset. Autonomic neuropathy only weakly correlates with gastric retention and therefore additional factors must be involved.
Reproductive and toxicological impacts of herbicides used in Eucalyptus culture in Brazil on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: MENEZES C W G , SOARES M A , SANTOS J B , ASSIS JÚNIOR S L , FONSECA A J , ZANUNCIO J C 
Published: August 2012

Menezes CWG, Soares MA, Santos JB, Assis Júnior SL, Fonseca AJ & Zanuncio JC (2012). Reproductive and toxicological impacts of herbicides used in Eucalyptus culture in Brazil on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Weed Research52, 520–525.SummaryThe expansion of eucalyptus tree plantations in Brazil has raised concerns that the use of herbicides may reach non‐target organisms and compromise the environment where parasitoids are used to control Lepidoptera defoliators. So, the effect of herbicides used in eucalyptus crops on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was evaluated in terms of the impact on reproduction and survival. Treatments consisted of commercial doses of the herbicides sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, glyphosate and isoxaflutole with a water‐only control. The herbicides were sprayed on the pupae of the alternative host Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), which were exposed to parasitism by six females of P. elaeisis per pupa. Glufosinate and oxyfluorfen reduced parasitism and emergence of this parasitoid and were considered more harmful to the P. elaeisis females. Glyphosate and isoxaflutole resulted in higher numbers of individuals and females produced per female; thus these herbicides were less harmful to P. elaeisis and maybe used in IPM programmes in eucalyptus plantations.
Trait‐based approaches to unravelling the assembly of weed communities and their impact on agro‐ecosystem functioning
Authors: NAVAS M‐L 
Published: August 2012

Navas M‐L (2012). Trait‐based approaches to unravelling the assembly of weed communities and their impact on agro‐ecosystem functioning. Weed Research52, 479–488.SummaryThe trait‐based approach to plant functional ecology has gained considerable attention over the last two decades, allowing ecologists to address questions relating to species distribution, community assembly and ecosystem functioning. We show here how this approach can be used to address these issues for weed ecology in a new way, allowing research to shift from purely weed control issues to a more global understanding of the impact of weed communities on the agro‐ecosystem. We review how weed species are sorted by environmental factors and management according to the value of traits and the role thereof in the assembly of weed communities. How weed trait values and their distribution within communities affect agro‐ecosystem processes is discussed in relation to loss of crop production. We also introduce the question of the impact of weed functional structure on ecosystem services and suggest some directions for research at species, community and agro‐ecosystem levels.
Frequency and risk factors of fetal malnutrition among liveborn singleton term neonates using a computerised perinatal database, 2000–2006
Authors: Salihoğlu Özgül , Karatekin Güner , Baksu Başak , Uslu Sinan , Baksu Alparslan , Can Günay , Nuhoğlu Asiye 
Published: August 2012

Aim:  The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, risk factors and anthropometric measurements of fetally malnourished, liveborn singleton term neonates.Methods:  The computed delivery room data of 11.741 liveborn singleton term neonates was used to compare malnourished and nourished newborns.Results:  Of the total subjects, 577 (4.9%) were malnourished. There were no differences between the groups with regard to gender distribution, Apgar scores, maternal parity, smoking during pregnancy and type of delivery. Maternal age and neonatal gestational age (GA) were significantly lower in malnourished newborns (P < 0.001). Birthweight (BW), birth length (BL) and head circumference (HC) were significantly lower in the malnourished group compared with well‐nourished group (P < 0.001). Mean BW (g) was 2724.7 ± 17.0 in the malnourished group versus 3234.3 ± 3.8 in the well‐nourished group; BL (cm) was 47.8 ± 0.1 in malnourished versus 49.5 ± 0.0 in well‐nourished neonates; HC (cm) was 33.25 ± 0.1 in the malnourished versus 34.3 ± 0.0 in the well‐nourished group. Between the groups, there were significant differences in the ratio of small, appropriate and large for GA (P < 0.001). Of the malnourished newborns, 35.5% were small for GA, 63.3% were appropriate for GA and 1.2% were large for GA.Conclusion:  Fetal malnutrition (FM) still exists despite the advances in current obstetric care. Neonates of adolescent mothers and of low GA are particularly at risk for FM. The BW, BL and HC of fetally malnourished neonates are lower than that of well‐nourished neonates. Like term singleton appropriate and small for GA neonates, term singleton large for GA neonates could also have been fetally malnourished.
Role of C‐reactive protein in urological cancers: A useful biomarker for predicting outcomes
Authors: Saito Kazutaka , Kihara Kazunori 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBased on increasing evidence of the association between cancer‐related inflammation and the progression of cancer, the external symptoms of systemic inflammatory response has been shown to be an indicator for the prognosis of many malignancies, including urological cancers. C‐reactive protein, a representative acute‐phase reactant, is a significant and sensitive inflammatory marker that can be objectively measured using reliable assays in clinical practice worldwide. C‐reactive protein has been shown to be significant in the prediction of outcomes of urological cancers. The elevation of C‐reactive protein levels, which indicate the presence of cancer‐associated systemic inflammatory response, is linked to poorer survival in patients with urological cancers, including renal cell carcinoma, upper urinary tract and bladder cancers, and prostate cancer. With this strong prognostic ability, C‐reactive protein can be incorporated into prognostic models and will make them simpler and improve their predictive accuracy. Furthermore, the longitudinal change of C‐reactive protein level, C‐reactive protein kinetics, provides additional information on patient survival outcomes. As such, C‐reactive protein can be used to monitor treatment efficacy and disease course using serial measurements. In testicular cancer, C‐reactive protein is associated with a risk of late complications, such as cardiovascular disease, and with the development of second non‐germ‐cell cancer. Taken together, these findings show that C‐reactive protein can act as an important biomarker for urological cancers. This review discusses the importance of C‐reactive protein as a prognostic biomarker in urological cancers on the basis of the currently available evidence.