bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Metabolism and Interference on Tryptophan Metabolism of Myclobutanil in Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Wang Yao , Qiu Jing , Zhu Wentao , Wang Xinru , Zhang Ping , Wang Dezhen , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMyclobutanil, (RS)‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(1H‐1, 2, 4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl) hexanenitrile is a widely used triazole fungicide. In this study, enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity were investigated in rat hepatocytes by chiral HPLC‐MS/MS and the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, respectively. Furthermore, tryptophan metabolism disturbance in rat hepatocytes after myclobutanil exposure was also evaluated by target metabolomics method. The half‐life (t1/2) of (+)‐myclobutanil was 10.66 h, whereas that for (−)‐myclobutanil was 15.07 h. Such results indicated that the metabolic process of myclobutanil in rat hepatocytes was enantioselective with an enrichment of (−)‐myclobutanil. For the cytotoxicity research, the calculated EC50 (12h) values for rac‐myclobutanil, (+)‐ and (−)‐myclobutanil were 123.65, 150.65 and 152.60 µM, respectively. The results of tryptophan metabolites profiling showed that the levels of kynurenine (KYN) and XA were both up‐regulated compared to the control, suggesting the activation effect of the KYN pathway by myclobutanil and its enantiomers which may provide an important insight into its toxicity mechanism. The data presented here could be useful for the environmental hazard assessment of myclobutanil. Chirality 27:643–649, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Konzepte zur Wiedergewinnung strategischer Metalle über die Gasphase
Authors: Binnewies Michael , Bokelmann Katrin , Gellermann Carsten , Gäth Stefan , Stauber Rudolf 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie Sicherung einer nachhaltigen Versorgung der Industrie mit Rohstoffen ist ein essentielles Thema, das zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Dies gilt auch für bestimmte kritische Metalle und Halbmetalle, ohne die zahlreiche technologische Produkte in der heutigen Form undenkbar sind. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Wiedergewinnung strategischer Metalle durch gezielte Überführung in die Gasphase. Solche Reaktionen können prinzipiell dazu dienen, Wertstoffe, die teilweise nur in sehr kleinen Anteilen in Abfällen enthalten sind, über die Gasphase anzureichern und so abzutrennen. Die thermodynamischen Grundlagen werden ebenso erläutert wie die Potenziale und Grenzen dieser Reaktionen.
A novel technique for detecting suspicious lesions in breast ultrasound images
Authors: Karimi Behnam , Krzyżak Adam 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe present a new method for automatic detection of suspicious breast cancer lesions using ultrasound. The system is fully automated. It uses fuzzy logic and compounding for de‐noising. A fuzzy membership function based on the gray values of ultrasound images is applied for de‐noising, improving the quality of the image and increasing separation between foreground and background, thus making easier detection of lesions. A novel approach based on neural network is used for segmentation of ultrasound images, and correlation between ultrasound images taken from different angles allows overcoming the problem of shadowing. We consider a combination of morphological and texture features and use sequential forward search, sequential backward search, and distance‐based method to select the best subset of features. We rank the features using distance‐based method and use a combination of sequential forward search and sequential backward search to select the best features (bidirectional search). Finally, support vector machine classifier is used for detecting suspicious lesions. The results of experiments show that our system performs better than other state‐of‐the‐art computer‐aided diagnosis systems with the accuracy of 98.75%. Furthermore, we used concurrency to improve the computational efficiency. In concurrent implementation of de‐noising, segmentation, and feature selection and extraction, we assign each pixel of an ultrasound image to a different thread. We also benefit from multi‐core computing by running each classifier on a different thread. Concurrent implementation of our computer‐aided diagnosis system reduces overall computational time by 85%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On constructing DAG‐schedules with large areas
Authors: Roche Scott T. , Rosenberg Arnold L. , Rajaraman Rajmohan 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe Area of a schedule Σ for a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a quality metric that measures the rate at which Σ renders 's nodes eligible for execution. Specifically, AREA(Σ) is the average number of nodes of that are eligible for execution as Σ executes node by node. Extensive simulations suggest that, for many distributions of processor availability and power, DAG‐schedules having larger Areas execute DAGs faster on platforms that are dynamically heterogeneous: the platform's processors change power and availability status in unpredictable ways and at unpredictable times. (Clouds and desktop grids exemplify such platforms.) While Area‐maximal schedules can provably be found for everyDAG, efficient generators of such schedules are known only for families of well‐structured DAGs. Our first result shows that the problem of crafting Area‐maximal schedules for general DAGs is NP‐complete, hence likely computationally intractable. We also provide an efficient algorithm that approximates optimal Area to within a factor of , where n is the number of tasks in the DAG—a factor that is likely interesting only for small DAGs. The lack of efficient Area‐maximizing schedulers for general DAGs has instigated the development of several heuristics for producing DAG‐schedules that have large Areas. We propose a novel polynomial‐time heuristic that produces schedules having quite large Areas; the heuristic is based on the Sidney decomposition of a DAG. (1) Simulations on DAGs having random structure yield the following results. The SIDNEY heuristic produces schedules whose Areas: (a) are at least 85% of maximal; and (b) are at least 1.25 times greater than previously known heuristics. (2) Simulations on DAGs having the structure of random LEGO®;DAGs (as formulated in earlier studies) indicate that the schedules produced by the SIDNEY heuristic have Areas that are at least 1.5 times greater than previously known heuristics. The ‘85%’ result is obtained from formulating the Area‐maximization problem as a linear program (LP); the Areas of DAG‐schedules produced by the SIDNEY heuristic are at least 85% of the Area value produced by the (unrounded) LP. (3) The reported results on random DAGs are essentially matched by a second heuristic, which produces DAG‐schedules by rounding the results of the LP formulation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting potential deadlocks in multithreaded programs
Authors: Babamir Seyed Morteza , Hassanzade Elmira , Azimpour Mona 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn a multithreaded program, competition of threads for shared resources raises the deadlock possibility, which narrows the system liveness. Because such errors appear in specific schedules of concurrent executions of threads, runtime verification of threads behavior is a significant concern. In this study, we extended our previous approach for prediction of runtime behavior of threads may lead to an impasse. Such a prediction is of importance because of the nondeterministic manner of competing threads. The prediction process tries to forecast future behavior of threads based on their observed behavior. To this end, we map observed behavior of threads into time‐series data sets and use statistical and artificial intelligence methods for forecasting subsequent members of the sets as future behavior of the threads. The deadlock prediction is carried out based on probing the allocation graph obtained from actual and predicted allocation of resources to threads. In our approach, we use an artificial neural network (ANN) because ANNs enjoy the applicable performance and flexibility in predicting complex behavior. Using three case studies, we contrasted results of the current and our previous approaches to demonstrate results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed monitoring and workflow management for goal‐oriented workflows
Authors: Jander Kai , Braubach Lars , Lamersdorf Winfried 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBusiness process management has often focused on business processes with a production or administrative focus, resulting in a task‐centric approach for modeling and execution of workflow based on the processes. However, the area of collaborative business processes exists, which includes important processes like research and development which have not been adequately addressed by the techniques offered for production workflows. For this, goal‐oriented processes have been proven useful to allow for a more flexible approach in modeling and executing workflow. In addition, distributed workflow management allows for a more flexible approach regarding organizational structures. However, the actual recording of action taken in a process is still relevant for workflow analysis and re‐engineering. As a result, this paper presents a distributed approach for generating, gathering, distributing, and storing events resulting from the execution of goal‐oriented workflows in a distributed workflow environment while allowing the real‐time association of occuring actions with business goals in the process using drill‐down analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient group key management for secure big data in predictable large‐scale networks
Authors: He Shuangyu , Wu Qianhong , Qin Bo , Liu Jianwei , Li Yan 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIt is challenging to secure group communications among large‐scale networks due to their network scale. We observe that in many large‐scale networks, the scale of actual group communication is nevertheless predicable and not very large. For instance, although the entire social network (e.g., Facebook) may have billions of users, the members in a concrete group are usually about tens to hundreds. We manage to secure group communication in such scenarios with efficient group management protocols. Technically, we achieve this goal by using a novel dual‐ring approach in which two rings of nodes are established, one active and one dummy. When some nodes leave, the remaining nodes can replace these nodes with dummy nodes, minimizing the required communications and computations after the protocol is set up and thus providing significant advantage over existing group key management protocols. Formal security arguments show that our protocols are secure under standard computational assumptions. Thorough analysis confirms that our protocols are efficient in computation and communication. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mild and Robust Redox‐Neutral Pd/C‐Catalyzed Lignol β‐O‐4′ Bond Cleavage Through a Low‐Energy‐Barrier Pathway
Authors: Galkin Maxim V. , Dahlstrand Christian , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Joseph Samec at Uppsala University. The image shows that native lignin β‐O‐4′ bond model compounds react at very mild and accurately tuned redox‐neutral conditions while other models have higher hydrogen and temperature demands. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201500117.
Molecular evidence for hybridization in Colias (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): are Colias hybrids really hybrids?
Authors: Dwyer Heather E. , Jasieniuk Marie , Okada Miki , Shapiro Arthur M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGene flow and hybridization among species dramatically affect our understanding of the species as a biological unit, species relationships, and species adaptations. In North American Colias eurytheme and Colias eriphyle, there has been historical debate over the extent of hybridization occurring and the identity of phenotypically intermediate individuals as genetic hybrids. This study assesses the population structure of these two species to measure the extent of hybridization and the genetic identity of phenotypic intermediates as hybrids. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker analysis was performed on 378 specimens collected from northern California and Nevada. Population structure was inferred using a Bayesian/Markov chain Monte Carlo method, which probabilistically assigns individuals to genetic clusters. Three genetic clusters provided the best fit for the data. C. eurytheme individuals were primarily assigned to two closely related clusters, and C. eriphyle individuals were mostly assigned to a third, more distantly related cluster. There appeared to be significant hybridization between the two species. Individuals of intermediate phenotype (putative hybrids) were found to be genetically indistinguishable from C. eriphyle, indicating that previous work based on the assumption that these intermediate forms are hybrids may warrant reconsideration.
Deployment of an unmanned aerial system to assist in mapping an intermittent stream
Authors: Spence C. , Mengistu S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent growth in the capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles and systems (UASs) as airborne platforms for collecting environmental data has been very rapid. There are now ample examples in the literature of UASs being deployed to map fine‐scale vegetation, glacial, soil and atmospheric conditions. The purported advantages of UASs are their ability to collect spatial data at lower cost, lower risk, higher resolution and higher frequency than ground surveys or satellite platforms. In this specific study, whether or not obtaining high‐resolution UAS imagery was advantageous for identifying an intermittent stream network was determined by comparing it with coarse‐scale satellite imagery collected for the same purpose. It was also determined if the UAS imagery could be an improvement to Global Positioning System acquired ground‐truth points for classifying an intermittent stream network across the same large‐scale satellite image. The UAS‐acquired and satellite‐acquired imageries were derived from a visible spectrum camera capable of 2‐cm resolution and multispectral SPOT‐5 with 10‐m resolution, respectively. The SPOT‐5 imagery with its relatively coarse resolution could not always detect the narrow intermittent stream, which was well resolved in the UAS imagery. When a classified UAS image was applied as a training area for the SPOT‐5 image, the identification of the stream network and accuracy of the satellite imagery classification did not necessarily improve. UASs have the potential to revolutionize hydrological research the same way that geographic information systems did three decades ago. A final goal of the paper is to provide insight into the advantages and disadvantages of deploying a UAS for this kind of research. © 2015 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Hydrological Processes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic modification of silicone tubes using sodium nitrite–collagen immobilization accelerates endothelialization
Authors: Salehi‐Nik Nasim , Amoabediny Ghassem , Solouk Atefeh , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Zandieh‐Doulabi Behrouz , Klein‐Nulend Jenneke 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBiomimetic coatings to increase endothelialization of blood‐contacting materials in biomedical devices are promising to improve the biocompatibility of these devices. Although a stable extracellular matrix protein coating on a biomaterial's surface is a prerequisite for endothelial cell attachment, it also stimulates platelet adhesion. Therefore, antithrombotic additives, such as nitric oxide donors, to a stable protein coating might lead to successful endothelialization of a material's surface. We aimed to test whether immobilized bioactive nitrite and acidified nitrite‐generating sodium nitrite–collagen conjugate on silicone tubes enhances endothelialization by increasing the number of endothelial cells as well as growth hormone production and by decreasing platelet adhesion. Stable collagen immobilization on acrylic acid‐grafted silicone tubes decreased the water contact angle from 102° to 56°. Initial 25 µM sodium nitrite in conjugate resulted in maximal growth hormone production (2.5‐fold increase) and endothelial cell number (1.8‐fold increase) after 2 days. A 95% confluent endothelial cell monolayer on sodium nitrite–collagen conjugate coating was obtained after 6 days. Maximum (2.7‐fold) inhibition of platelet adhesion was reached with initial 500 µM sodium nitrite in conjugate. Our data showing that sodium nitrite–collagen conjugate coating with 25–50 µM sodium nitrite on silicone tubes increases the number of endothelial cells attached and inhibits platelet adhesion suggest that this coating is highly promising for use in blood‐contacting parts of biomedical devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1311–1321, 2016.
How a Strong Sense of Community Led to Improvements in Rural Health Care: The Case of Patanatic, Guatemala
Authors: Smith Jeffrey S. , Loder Rachel J. , Xiquin Sonia , Garcia Ana Adela 
Published: June 2015

AbstractImproving rural health in the Global South has been approached from different perspectives. Since World War II, most aid has been funded through top‐down approaches seeking to eliminate specific problems. There is a growing push, however, to involve local residents in the process, and the literature asserts that programs meshing with local cultural traditions and drawing upon resident knowledge are more successful. Here is a case study of how Patanatic, Guatemala developed its own rural health program. The lessons learned are worth considering and show promise of being applicable to other rural Global South locations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical evaluation of landscape energetic models: Mallard and American black duck space use during the non‐breeding period
Authors: Beatty William S. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Kesler Dylan C. , Naylor Luke W. , Raedeke Andrew H. , Humburg Dale D. , Coluccy John M. , Soulliere Gregory J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBird conservation Joint Ventures are collaborative partnerships between public agencies and private organizations that facilitate habitat management to support waterfowl and other bird populations. A subset of Joint Ventures has developed energetic carrying capacity models (ECCs) to translate regional waterfowl population goals into habitat objectives during the non‐breeding period. Energetic carrying capacity models consider food biomass, metabolism, and available habitat to estimate waterfowl carrying capacity within an area. To evaluate Joint Venture ECCs in the context of waterfowl space use, we monitored 33 female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and 55 female American black ducks (A. rubripes) using global positioning system satellite telemetry in the central and eastern United States. To quantify space use, we measured first‐passage time (FPT: time required for an individual to transit across a circle of a given radius) at biologically relevant spatial scales for mallards (3.46 km) and American black ducks (2.30 km) during the non‐breeding period, which included autumn migration, winter, and spring migration. We developed a series of models to predict FPT using Joint Venture ECCs and compared them to a biological null model that quantified habitat composition and a statistical null model, which included intercept and random terms. Energetic carrying capacity models predicted mallard space use more efficiently during autumn and spring migrations, but the statistical null was the top model for winter. For American black ducks, ECCs did not improve predictions of space use; the biological null was top ranked for winter and the statistical null was top ranked for spring migration. Thus, ECCs provided limited insight into predicting waterfowl space use during the non‐breeding season. Refined estimates of spatial and temporal variation in food abundance, habitat conditions, and anthropogenic disturbance will likely improve ECCs and benefit conservation planners in linking non‐breeding waterfowl habitat objectives with distribution and population parameters. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Old measures and new scores in spinal muscular atrophy patients
Authors: Mazzone Elena , Montes Jacqueline , Main Marion , Mayhew Anna , Ramsey Danielle , Glanzman Allan M. , Dunaway Sally , Salazar Rachel , Pasternak Amy , Quigley Janet , Pane Marika , Pera Maria C. , Scoto Mariacristina , Messina Sonia , Sframeli Maria , D'amico Adele , Van Den Hauwe Marleen , Sivo Serena , Goemans Nathalie , Darras Basil T. , Kaufmann Petra , Bertini Enrico , De Vivo Darryl C. , Muntoni Francesco , Finkel Richard , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: A recent Rasch analysis performed on the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale—Expanded (HFMSE) in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) identified issues impacting scale validity, redundant items, and disordered thresholds on some items. Methods: We modified the HMFSE scoring based on the Rasch analysis and on expert consensus to establish whether the traditional scoring overestimated the number of patients with changes within 2 points from baseline. Data were collected retrospectively from multicenter data sets in 255 type 2 and 3 SMA patients. Results: The mean 12‐month changes using the new and the traditional scoring system did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The numbers of patients who improved or decreased by >2 points were also similar. Conclusions: The presence of outliers using the traditional scoring system was not due to overestimation of changes in activities that were tested bilaterally or to discrepancies in the scoring hierarchy of individual items. Muscle Nerve 52:435–437, 2015
Diffusion imaging of the vertebral bone marrow
Authors: Dietrich Olaf , Geith Tobias , Reiser Maximilian F. , Baur‐Melnyk Andrea 
Published: June 2015

Diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) of the vertebral bone marrow is a clinically important tool for the characterization of bone‐marrow pathologies and, in particular, for the differentiation of benign (osteoporotic) and malignant vertebral compression fractures.DWI of the vertebral bone marrow is, however, complicated by some unique MR and tissue properties of vertebral bone marrow. Due to both the spongy microstructure of the trabecular bone and the proximity of the lungs, soft tissue, or large vessels, substantial magnetic susceptibility variations occur, which severely reduce the magnetic field homogeneity as well as the transverse relaxation time T*2, and thus complicate MRI in particular with echoplanar imaging (EPI) techniques. Therefore, alternative diffusion‐weighting pulse sequence types such as single‐shot fast‐spin‐echo sequences or segmented EPI techniques became important alternatives for quantitative DWI of the vertebral bone marrow.This review first describes pulse sequence types that are particularly important for DWI of the vertebral bone marrow. Then, data from 24 studies that made diffusion measurements of normal vertebral bone marrow are reviewed; summarizing all results, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of normal vertebral bone marrow is typically found to be between 0.2 and 0.6 × 10−3 mm2/s. Finally, DWI of vertebral compression fractures is discussed. Numerous studies demonstrate significantly greater ADCs in osteoporotic fractures (typically between 1.2 and 2.0 × 10−3 mm2/s) than in malignant fractures or lesions (typically 0.7–1.3 × 10−3 mm2/s). Alternatively, several studies used the (qualitative) image contrast of diffusion‐weighted acquisitions for differentiation of lesion etiology: a very good lesion differentiation can be achieved, particularly with diffusion‐weighted steady‐state free precession sequences, which depict malignant lesions as hyperintense relative to normal‐appearing vertebral bone marrow, in contrast to hypointense or isointense osteoporotic lesions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.