bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P2-01-27: In patients with micrometastatic in sentinel lymph node biopsies, involvement of the non-sentinel lymph nodes cannot be predicted by clinicopathological variables
Authors: Chauhan Muhammad N , Dave Rajiv V , Ghaus Mauria , Ahmad Sana , Sayers Craig , Kryjak Zbigniew , Ali Deedar 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: The Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) procedure is recognised to be an accurate method of staging the axilla in patients with early stage breast cancer. There remains a debate as to whether patients with micrometastases should undergo completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND). We aimed to assess the indicators for positive non-sentinel lymph nodes (n-SLN) following CALND.
Methods: We retrospectively analysed our experience of SNLB between July 2008 to July 2013. A total of 1152 breast cancer patients underwent SLNB based on lymphoscintigraphy, intra-operative gamma probe detection, and blue dye mapping using 99mTc-nanocolloid and Patent Blue V injected peri-areola. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact and c2 for categorical data.
Results: Out of 1152 SLNB biopsies performed, 224 (19.5%) were positive for metastatic disease; macrometastases in 150 (67%), micrometastases in 72 (32%) and ITC in 2. CALND was not performed in 20 cases (9 macrometastases, 10 micrometastases, and 1 ITC), largely due to concerns regarding fitness for anesthesia. Macrometastases on SNLB were more likely to predict positive n-SLN on ANC {macrometastases; 39/141(27.7%) vs micrometastases; 9/62 (14.5%), p=0.029}. On univariate analysis, positive n-SLN in CALND for patients with micrometastases on SLNB was not predicted by grade (G0-G2; 6/43, and G3; 3/19, p=0.565), size of primary breast tumour (&lt;40mm; 8/58, 340mm; 1/4, p=0.475), lymphovascular invasion (5/30 vs 4/31, p=0.503), age (&lt;50 years; 3/24 vs 350 years; 6/38, p=0.496), or number of positive SLNB (all patients had &lt;2 positive nodes on SLNB). Recurrences were detected in 4 patients, of which 1 was in a patient with micrometastases on SLNB. Out of the 4 recurrences, 3 were distant (liver and bone) and one was locoregional, with new disease in the contralateral breast).
Conclusion
In our series, 14.5% (9/62) of patients with micrometastases had positive n-SLB on CALND, which was not predicted by any clinicopathological characteristics. We have recently changed our practice toward not routinely offering CALND in patients with micrometastases, in keeping with current vogue. However, it is important to inform our patients that 14.5% of patients with micrometastases on SLNB may have positive n-SLN.
Citation Format: Muhammad N Chauhan, Rajiv V Dave, Mauria Ghaus, Sana Ahmad, Craig Sayers, Zbigniew Kryjak, Deedar Ali. In patients with micrometastatic in sentinel lymph node biopsies, involvement of the non-sentinel lymph nodes cannot be predicted by clinicopathological variables [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-27.
Abstract P2-01-28: Prognosis of metastatic internal mammary sentinel nodes (IMSN) in breast cancer
Authors: Avisar Eli , Libson Shai , Perez Eduardo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction:
The presence of positive internal mammary nodes has historically been associated with a significant worse prognosis. Recent studies have also demonstrated a worse prognosis associated with drainage to the internal mammary nodes. Intense search for those nodes, biopsy, appropriate staging and modern treatment for positive IMSN might improve outcome. We sought to study the prognosis of pathologically positive IMSN at our institution.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database including all breast cancer patients identified with an IMSN that was biopsied between 2005 and 2012 was performed. Demographics, histologic markers, patterns of recurrence as well as survival data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.
Results:
Thirteen of 82 patients with a biopsied IMSN were metastatic (16%). In 8 of those (62%), the biopsy resulted in a change in staging. In all cases of positive IMSN additional radiation to the internal mammary chain was added. Eighteen percent (18%) of positive nodes did not show drainage to the internal mammary basin during Lymphoscintigraphy. There was no statistical difference in regional and distant recurrences between the patients with positive IMSN and those with negative IMSN. Furthermore there was no difference in disease specific survival.
Conclusions:
Intense search for IMSN presence and biopsy of those nodes is associated with changes in staging and treatment for metastatic IMSN. In our study, pathologically positive IMSN were associated with a non- inferior prognosis than negative IMSN.
Citation Format: Eli Avisar, Shai Libson, Eduardo Perez. Prognosis of metastatic internal mammary sentinel nodes (IMSN) in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-28.
Abstract P2-01-30: A new nomogram to predict axillary metastasis in breast cancer patients without axillary surgery
Authors: Rodionov Valery , Cometova Vlada , Panchenko Sergey , Idrisova Sereda , Savinov Yurij , Rodionova Maria 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: Several studies have concentrated on finding a combination of predictive parameters to establish a mathematical model that can identify patients with no axillary metastasis for whom routine lymph node dissection could be safely avoided. We developed a new model of nomogram (the Ulyanovsk Cancer Center axillary lymph node metastasis nomogram, UCC-ALNM nomogram); it employs clinically and pathologically relevant variables and offers possible advantages over the others nomograms.
The purpose of the study: To assess the predictive power of UCC-ALNM nomogram.
Methods: A total of 530 breast cancer patients treated between 2008 and 2010 were used as the modeling group for validating the UCC-ALNM nomogram. Clinical and pathologic features of patients were assessed by multivariable logistic regression to predict the presence of axillary metastasis in breast cancer patients. The predictive accuracy of our nomogram was measured by calculating the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Clinical factors included into analysis were: patient’s age and localization of the primary tumor. Pathological factors evaluated were: traditional pathological criteria (primary tumor size, histological type, tumor grade, HR- and Her-2 status) and new total pathological index (Ulyanovsk prognostic index - UPI), introduced by pathologists of the Ulyanovsk Regional Cancer Center. UPI is total score of six main pathological criteria that characterize the malignancy of epithelial tumors: degree of cellular differentiation, cellular polymorphism, mitotic activity, growth pattern, lymphovascular invasion, stromal reaction.
Results: By the multivariate analysis, patient’s age (p=0.04), tumor size (p&lt;0.001), UPI (p&lt;0.001), PR (p&lt;0.001) and Her2 status (p=0.02) were identified as independent predictors of axillary metastasis. The nomogram was then developed using the six variables associated with axillary metastasis: age, tumor size, PR, Her2, UPI.
The new model was accurate and discriminating with an AUC of 0.7510 when applied to the modeling group.
Conclusions: UPI is a new predictive factor of axillary metastasis in breast cancer patients. UCC-ALNM nomogram.
Citation Format: Valery Rodionov, Vlada Cometova, Sergey Panchenko, Sereda Idrisova, Yurij Savinov, Maria Rodionova. A new nomogram to predict axillary metastasis in breast cancer patients without axillary surgery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-30.
Abstract P2-02-02: A review of the accuracy of wire localisation using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in a prospective series of 81 patients
Authors: Holt Simon DH , Nadi Khaldoun MY , Gurung Amrita , Williams Helen R , Huws Anita M , Sharaiha Yousef M 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Digital breast tomosynthesis allows identification of impalpable lesions in three-dimensions. We have devised a technique for wire placement using a gridded plate that allows localisation of such lesions for subsequent surgical excision.
Method: 81 consecutive cases were studied prospectively between Jan 2012 and May 2014. The localisation is usually performed by the operating surgeon under local anaesthetic shortly before the patient is transferred to the operating theatres. Our surgeons consider the optimal position for the tip of the wire to be 1 cm beyond and 1cm to the side of the lesion placed using only the CC or lateral projection. The patient is positioned with the aperture of a gridded plate over the lesion needing to be surgically removed. A single DBT is acquired and the volumes reviewed. The lesion is identified and the depth in the breast recorded (Z coordinate). The ideal position for the wire is then marked in that plane and the volume scrolled through to bring the calibrated plate into focus. This identifies the X and Y coordinates, which are then recorded. The wire is then placed freehand in the line of the beam and a further DBT performed to check the position of the wire without needing to reposition the patient. A specimen x-ray is performed immediately following excision to confirm the target lesion is included. The results are verified at the subsequent multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting.
Results: Once the target is identified, the average time for the localisation procedure and check DBT was 4 minutes. This series included both diagnostic (N=24, 30%) and therapeutic excisions (N=57, 70%). Patients presented both from screening (N=64, 79%) and symptomatically (N=17, 21%). The age range of the patients was 42-79y (mean 59y). 54 (67%) cases were undergoing excision for calcifications, 15 (19%) for impalpable masses, 11 (13%) for radial scars or distortions and 1 for glandular asymmetry. The final diagnoses following excision were IDC 34 (42%), DCIS 29 (36%), benign 13 (16%) and 1 case each of ILC, spindle cell tumour, mucinous carcinoma, phyllodes and pleomorphic LCIS.
In all cases the target lesion was shown to be present in the specimen x-ray, confirmed on histology and ratified by the MDT.
Conclusions: Wire localisation using DBT is a quick and accurate method of localising impalpable lesions for surgical excision.
Citation Format: Simon DH Holt, Khaldoun MY Nadi, Amrita Gurung, Helen R Williams, Anita M Huws, Yousef M Sharaiha. A review of the accuracy of wire localisation using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in a prospective series of 81 patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-02-02.
Abstract P2-04-08: Accuracy of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2 Status and Ki67 labeling index between core needle and surgical excisional tumour in 910 patients with breast cancer
Authors: Nakamura Rikiya , Yamamoto Naohito , Itookubo Yoshiyuki , Nakagawa Ayako , Itami Makiko 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose
Accurate determination of ER, PgR, HER2 status and Ki67 labeling index was very important in making decision for adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment for patients with breast cancer. However discordance of ER, PgR, HER2 status and Ki67 labeling index (Ki67-LI) between core needle biopsy (CNB) and surgical specimens (SSp) varied among reported studies.
The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of CNB with that of SSp for ER, PgR,HER-2 status, Ki67-LI detection in breast cancer.
Patients and methods
All patients diagnosed with an early breast cancer in our Cancer Center Hospital between January 2005 and May 2014 was included but exclusion criteria of patients with large tumour requiring neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All CNB were performed under ultrasound guidance, with at least four 14-gauce core biopsies being obtained for pathological examination. ER, PgR, HER-2 status and Ki67-LI were assessed in CNB and in SSp. ER and PgR were determined by
Immunohistochemistry (IHC). The cut points for ER and PgR positive was10%. The cut point for Ki67-LI high expression was 20%. HER2 was determined by IHC and scored from 0 to 3+. FISH analysis was carried out in HER2 2+ cases and in discordant cases.
Results
A total of 910 patients were assessed. CNB can be used with confidence for ER and HER2 determination. Rates for sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value for CNB compared with SSp are 99.3%,95.6%,97.2%,98.5% for ER, 94.5%,81.8%,88.2%,90.7% for PgR ,93.0%,99.1%,99.6%,93.9% for HER2, and 87.7%,69.8%,81.1%,79.4% for Ki67-LI, respectively. Specially, the most impact factor of discordance for Ki67-LI and HER2 is Tumour size and that for ER and PgR is lobular carcinoma.
Conclusion
CNB can be used with confidence for ER and HER2 determination. For PgR and Ki67-LI due to substantial discordance results from CNB should be used with caution.
Citation Format: Rikiya Nakamura, Naohito Yamamoto, Yoshiyuki Itookubo, Ayako Nakagawa, Makiko Itami. Accuracy of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2 Status and Ki67 labeling index between core needle and surgical excisional tumour in 910 patients with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-04-08.
Abstract P2-05-01: The non-coding transcriptome of hypoxic breast cancer: Novel insights of clinical relevant long non-coding RNA in hypoxia signalling
Authors: Choudhry Hani , Schodel Johannes , Albukhari Ashwag , Haider Syed , Buffa Francesca , Ratcliffe Peter J , Mole David R , Ragousis Ioannis , Harris Adrian L 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Hypoxia is associated with aggressive and poor prognosis of breast cancer. Generally, pan-genome analyses of hypoxia have focussed on protein-coding genes, however, the role of non-coding RNAs, in particular long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in hypoxia is not well characterised. We undertook an integrated genomic analysis of the hypoxic transcriptome in MCF7 breast cancer cells, employing total RNA-seq together with ChIP-seq for the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) and for epigenetic marks of transcriptional activation (RNApol2 and histone H3K4me3).
Analyses revealed that all classes of RNA are significantly regulated by hypoxia including piwiRNA, miRNA, tRNA, and sn/snoRNA. Significant numbers of lncRNAs were upregulated in hypoxia and were associated with increased RNApol2 and H3K4me3 markers and with HIF binding, indicating direct transcriptional activation of lncRNAs by HIF. The most hypoxiclly upregulated lncRNA was NEAT1, which is a direct transcriptional target of HIF-2a but not HIF-1a. The role of NEAT1 in cancer has not been previously studied.
We demonstrated that hypoxic NEAT1 induction is common in breast cancer cell lines and xenografts models treated with bevacizumab. NEAT1 directly induces the formation of nuclear paraspeckle bodies in hypoxia. Moreover, it contributes to tumourigenicity by increasing cell proliferation, colony formation, and reducing apoptosis. In addition, we report that NEAT1 is required to retain hypoxia induced hyper edited Junctional Adhesion Molecule A (JAM-A) mRNA in the nucleus, thus preventing export into the cytoplasm for translation. Finally, in a large cohort of 2000 breast cancers, high levels of NEAT1 were associated with poor clinical outcomes and clinicopathological features.
Our results extend knowledge of the hypoxic transcriptional response into the spectrum of non-coding transcripts. These findings provide novel mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in hypoxia and open new avenues to find novel pathways and targets to develop therapies for breast cancer.
Citation Format: Hani Choudhry, Johannes Schodel, Ashwag Albukhari, Syed Haider, Francesca Buffa, Peter J Ratcliffe, David R Mole, Ioannis Ragousis, Adrian L Harris. The non-coding transcriptome of hypoxic breast cancer: Novel insights of clinical relevant long non-coding RNA in hypoxia signalling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-01.
Abstract P2-05-04: Gene expression associated with poor prognosis of young TNBC patients
Authors: Karn Thomas , Pusztai Lajos , Liedtke Cornelia , Bianchini Giampaolo , Györffy Balazs , Hatzis Christos , Rody Achim , Müller Volkmar , Schmidt Marcus , Holtrich Uwe , Becker Sven 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background:
Among TNBC patients those of very young age (&lt;40 years) display a significantly worse prognosis (Liedtke et al. 2013 Breast Cancer Res Treat). We verified this result in 1161 TNBC samples with full Affymetrix gene expression data of which 845 patients had both detailed age and follow up information.
Materials and Methods:
We split the full sample set into a finding cohort of 394 TNBC and a validation cohort of 767 TNBC encompassing 309 and 536 samples, respectively, with both age and follow up data. We then used significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) in the finding cohort to look for genes whose expression is associated with young age (&lt;40 years). Identified genes were analyzed for their correlations to known metagenes characteristic for different TNBC subtypes. Subsequently the whole analysis was repeated in the validation cohort.
Results:
We identified 98 and 222 probesets by SAM in the finding and validation cohort, respectively. Only a subset of identical probesets (19.4%) was re-identified in the validation. However, the gene lists were similarily enriched for correlations to specific metagenes and the respective TNBC subtypes. We found that young age among TNBC is positively correlated with increased proliferation and a basal-like subtype, but negatively correlated with the molecular apocrine phenotype and the claudin-low subtype. We also observed a negative correlation of young age with stromal enrichment and EMT but no difference in lymphocyte infiltration as judged by specific metagenes. However, despite that TNBC of patients &lt;40 years have a poor prognosis (P=0.006) and are clearly enriched in basal-like subtype (70.7% vs 55.3%; P=0.001), still basal-like TNBC do not differ from non-basal-like TNBC in prognosis. Moreover, even within the group of basal-like TNBC the prognostic effect of age&lt;40 was still observed (P=0.008). Interestingly, the changes in expression of single genes and metagenes were observed over a wide age range of 35-85 years. In contrast the difference in prognosis was markedly pronounced at the 40 year age limit. Thus, potential critical differences in gene expression associated with poor prognosis of TNBC &lt;40 years seem to be concealed by many age-associated changes without prognostic value.
Citation Format: Thomas Karn, Lajos Pusztai, Cornelia Liedtke, Giampaolo Bianchini, Balazs Györffy, Christos Hatzis, Achim Rody, Volkmar Müller, Marcus Schmidt, Uwe Holtrich, Sven Becker. Gene expression associated with poor prognosis of young TNBC patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-04.
Abstract P2-05-16: Gene expression in synchronous primary, axillary nodal and disseminated breast cancer cells
Authors: Broom Reuben J , Blenkiron Cherie , Harman Richard , Whineray Kelly Erica , Allpress Stephen , Gale Katherine , Rice Sam , Shin Peter , Brown Anna , Lasham Annette , Print Cristin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Disseminated Tumour Cells (DTC) have been found in the bone marrow (BM) of up to 70% of patients with breast cancer metastatic to axillary lymph nodes. They are a biologically and therapeutically interesting tumour cell population. Although there is uncertainty about their relationship to cancer prognosis, DTC provide a valuable window into the processes by which primary tumour (PT) cells disseminate. DTC can be enriched from BM by immunoaffinity using antibodies directed against epithelial cell markers such as EpCAM. To better understand the changing gene expression patterns that may accompany breast cancer metastasis, we have compared the whole genome RNA expression profiles of matched PT, axillary lymph node metastases (LNM), and EpCAM-enriched cells from the BM of seven patients. Compared to PT, axillary LNM had consistently altered expression of RNAs encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), growth factors, transcription factors, as well as downstream targets of Catenin-a, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-a and miR-22. Once the gene expression patterns of potentially contaminating BM cells were subtracted, compared to PT and LNM EpCAM-enriched MB cells had consistently elevated expression of RNAs encoding metabolic enzymes, ribosomal proteins, and DNA-binding factors such as YB-1. The gene expression changes we identify are candidate mediators of breast cancer metastases and represent attractive targets for further study on a cell by cell basis.
Citation Format: Reuben J Broom, Cherie Blenkiron, Richard Harman, Erica Whineray Kelly, Stephen Allpress, Katherine Gale, Sam Rice, Peter Shin, Anna Brown, Annette Lasham, Cristin Print. Gene expression in synchronous primary, axillary nodal and disseminated breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-16.