bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Pombo Carlos , Ogliastri Enrique 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This Special Issue is dedicated to the memory of the unexpectedly deceased Professor Luis J. Sanz, president of BALAS and Associate Editor of ARLA. The issue includes six papers from Chile, Spain and Costa Rica/Argentina. The case study is on the privatization of the Buenos Aires underground in 1998, a topic of renewed interest in 2015. One of the studies determines the effect of director education and international experience on the firm’s access to international markets. Another paper studies the effect of corporate board diversity on company reputation. The third analyzes the negative effect of the politicization of State savings banks on the benefits of these financial institutions in Spain. The fourth studies the effect of the diversification strategy and cross-control by shareholder groups on firm value in Chile. Finally, we have a literature review, using meta-analysis methodology, on the relationship between auditor specialization by industry and the structure of audit fees.

Resumen
Este número especial es dedicado a la memoria del súbitamente fallecido profesor Luis J. Sanz, presidente de BALAS y Editor Asociado de ARLA. Publicamos seis trabajos originados en Chile, España, y Costa Rica/Argentina. El caso trata sobre la privatización del metro de Buenos Aires en 1998, tema de renovada vigencia en 2015. Un estudio determina el efecto de la educación de posgrado y la experiencia internacional de los directores en el nivel de acceso a mercados internacionales de sus empresas. El segundo estudia el efecto de la diversidad en la composición de las juntas directivas sobre la reputación de la empresa. Tercero, se analiza el efecto negativo de la politización de las cajas de ahorros estatales en los beneficios de estas instituciones financieras en España. Cuarto, se estudia el efecto de la estrategia de diversificación y del control cruzado de grupos de accionistas sobre el valor de la empresa en Chile. Finalmente, una revisión de la literatura con metodología de meta análisis sobre la relación entre la estructura de auditores especializados por sector empresarial y la estructura de precios de sus tarifas.
Cost of New Nordic Diet school meals
Authors: Jensen Jørgen Dejgård , Thorsen Anne Vibeke , Damsgaard Camilla Trab , Biltoft-Jensen Anja 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to conduct economic evaluation of a school meal programme based on principles of a New Nordic Diet (NND) by assessing the costs of the NND lunch, compared with packed lunch from home, and investigating potential effects of adjusting the NND principles underlying the school meals on the costs and on the rate of food waste.

Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis combines recipes, dietary records and food waste data from a school meal intervention with collected price data within an economic optimization framework.

Findings
– A New Nordic School meal programme consisting of a morning snack and a hot lunch based on fixed seasonal menu plans and with 75 per cent organic content is 37 per cent more expensive in terms of ingredient costs than corresponding packed school meals. This cost differential can be almost halved by introducing more flexible scheduling of week plans and reducing the level of organic ambition to 60 per cent. Reducing portion sizes could reduce the cost differential by an extra 5 per cent, which would also reduce food waste by about 15 per cent.

Originality/value
– Higher costs and food waste in a restrictive ingredient sourcing school meal programme can be reduced by increased flexibility in meal scheduling, reduction in organic content and reduced average portion size.
Consumer loyalty towards locally certified low-input farm products
Authors: Aoki Misa 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to reveal how a loyalty program that provides economic rewards for locally produced low-input farm products influences the consumers’ behavior of repeated purchase by focussing on the consumers’ motivation and characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study is based on data from a questionnaire survey and actual purchase data obtained from a practical study conducted in Japan. The data were analyzed using regression analysis.

Findings
– Consumers who gain economic rewards by purchasing locally produced low-input fresh food are not likely to purchase these products exclusively for the economic rewards of the program; rather, they do so to get safe and good quality food and to support local farmers and local farm conservation. The most remarkable finding is that the scheme that provides economic rewards makes such products more affordable for consumers from lower-income households.

Originality/value
– This study is of academic value and of value to policy makers and practitioners in the local food supply chain. The study suggests that for increasing and stabilizing the demand for environment-friendly farm products, institutions for creating, designing, and supporting a new market for potential consumers are needed, together with suitable certification systems.
Preserving the cultural identity of a World Heritage Site: the impact of Chichen Itza’s souvenir vendors
Authors: Milman Ady 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the Maya-descent souvenir vendors in sustaining the socio-cultural heritage of Chichen Itza, a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site (WHS). The study aims to understand the souvenir vendors’ social and economic position within the diverse stakeholder groups involved in the tourist attraction and their impact on visitors.Design/methodology/approach– The exploratory study applied a combination of unobtrusive participant observation and photography methods conducted throughout the site’s monuments. The data were complemented with an analysis of social media comments posted by the WHS visitors.Findings– The findings revealed that the excessive retail presence throughout the site, coupled with the souvenir vendors’ continual harassment, have negatively impacted the patrons’ visiting experience. The vendors’ retail activity was not regarded as culturally authentic and did not contribute to the socio-cultural sustainability of the host community.Research limitations/implications– The findings may lack generalization, and consequently, additional research is necessary to test the propositions presented, both at Chichen Itza and other WHS.Practical implications– The paper recommends adopting new reforms that will benefit all stakeholders involved with the site’s operation, including negotiating culture, identities and “being Maya” within the contemporary Mexican society. Re-evaluating all stakeholders’ socio-economic benefits and securing the government’s control of the site were also recommended.Originality/value– This study presents a unique case study approach that reports the tactics adopted by the souvenir vendors at the WHS site. The conversion of culture and heritage into purely economic values coupled with political power might impact the long-term sustainability of the site.
Accessing the economic value of night view of bridge using contingent valuation method: the case of South Korea’s Han-River bridge
Authors: Nam Seungmin , Park Sae-eun , Shin Hong-Chul 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to estimate an individual’s probability of preservation of the night view of Han-River bridge tax using the contingent valuation method (CVM) and to present the effects of 4Es on experience economy theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– The on-site survey was conducted in the 11 district Han-River parks: Gwangnaru, Jamsil, Ttukseom, Jamwon, Banpo, Yeechon, Yeouido, Mangwon, Nanji, Ganseo and Yanghwa district, including 24 bridges such as Banpo, Olympic bridge during 8-9 pm around the lighting and 9-10 pm peak time of lighting.

Findings
– Truncated mean willingness-to-pay indicates that the economic value of the night view of Han-River bridge is 49,575 won (about USA $50) per household, which implies the significance of the preservation value of the night view.

Research limitations/implications
– This study sets a hypothetical market, and there are limitations on hypothetical bias of the dichotomous choice CVM. For the future study, a survey with a specific real payment vehicle in an attempt to reduce hypothetical bias can be a tool for the prevention of the overestimation.

Practical implications
– Through the study, Seoul city has to invest aggressively on the night view landscape business of Han-River bridge, which can become a landmark and has lots of attraction for tourists. As this study’s core aim was to justify the economic value of the night view of the Han-River bridges, the estimated amount strongly supports the lighting business of the Han-River bridge.

Originality/value
– The results of this research may help policy-makers of Han-River to establish practical decisions as to whether improving and preserving the Han-River’s night view lighting business are worth the value.
Ethical shopping in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain
Authors: Mitchell Ian 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the significance and limitations of ethical shopping in Britain in the period between the 1880s and 1914 and, in particular, the use of white lists as a means of encouraging consumers only to buy goods produced in satisfactory working conditions.Design/methodology/approach– A brief survey of earlier examples of ethical shopping provides the context for a discussion of the published prospectus of the “Consumers” League’. Unpublished records of the Christian Social Union (CSU), supplemented by newspaper reports, are used to examine the rationale for white lists, their creation and effectiveness.Findings– The paper demonstrates that, contrary to what has generally been thought, consumers’ leagues originated in Britain not the USA. The CSU was not ineffective but provided an ethical and religious rationale for consumer activism. It was also responsible for the creation of white lists in several towns and cities in Britain and promoted the concept of preferential buying. CSU activity helped shape public opinion, but sustained improvements to working conditions also required effective trade unions and government intervention.Research limitations/implications– Relatively few CSU branch records survive and this precludes a comprehensive survey of its role in ethical shopping.Originality/value– The British consumer movement in this period has been little studied and often dismissed. By making use of archives, particularly CSU branch records, that have generally been ignored, the paper demonstrates that ethical shopping mattered and deserves more attention. It also highlights the importance of setting this in a wider context, particularly trade unionism and co-operation.
Testing the skill of mutual fund managers: evidence from India
Authors: Sharma Prateek , Paul Samit 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to utilize a constrained random portfolio-based framework for measuring the skill of a cross-section of Indian mutual fund managers. Specifically, the authors test whether the observed performance implies superior investment skill on the part of mutual fund managers. Additionally, the authors investigate the suitability of mutual fund investments under diverse investor expectations.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a new skill measurement methodology based on a cross-section of constrained random portfolios (Burns, 2007).Findings– The authors find no evidence of superior investment skill in the sample of Indian equity mutual funds. Using a series of statistical tests, the authors conclude that the mutual funds fail to outperform the random portfolios. Furthermore, mutual funds show no persistence in their performance over time. These results are robust to choice of performance measure and the investment horizon. However, mutual funds provide lower downside risks and may be suitable for investors with high degree of risk aversion.Originality/value– The authors extend Burns’ (2007) methodology in several aspects, especially by using a much wider range of performance and downside risk measures to address diverse investor expectations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is first study to apply the constrained random portfolios-based skill tests in an emerging market.
Bank dependency and banker directors
Authors: Mitchell Karlyn 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– Directors play a hard-to-quantify but critical role in the success of corporations. Outside directors supplement the firm-specific knowledge of inside directors by providing expertise and monitoring. Prior research finds that outside directors who are commercial bankers can be both beneficial and costly to large, non-financial corporations. Smaller, bank-dependent corporations should benefit more than large firms from the services banker directors provide, but may also be more prone to the costs they can impose. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of bank dependency on appointments of banker directors.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author estimates models relating the probability of a first-time banker-director appointment to proxies of bank dependency on data for a matched sample of firms with and without banker directors drawn from a size-representative sample of Compustat firms.

Findings
– Bank-dependent firms are less likely to appoint bankers as directors than bank-independent firms. Bank-dependent firms are also less likely to appoint bankers whose employers are firms’ creditors (i.e. affiliated bankers). Bank-dependent and bank-independent firms are indistinguishable in their probabilities of appointing unaffiliated bankers as directors.

Practical implications
– Bank-dependent firms with unexploited growth opportunities appear unable to ameliorate their financial constraints by having banker directors. Appointing retired bankers to boards may give firms the benefits of banker directors without the costs.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first to: document the prevalence of banker directors at smaller corporations; present econometric evidence on banker-director appointments at firms ranging from small to large; and identify bank dependency as a factor limiting appointments of affiliated banker directors.
Product-mix and bank performance: new U.S. and Canadian evidence
Authors: Calmès Christian , Théoret Raymond 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the link between product-mix and bank performance with a comprehensive look at the contribution of each component of banking activities.Design/methodology/approach– The generalized method of moments estimation approach the authors apply to the US and Canadian large data sets deals with the endogeneity issues related to banks’ decision to diversify in fee-based activities, and the authors also control the non-linearities (asymmetries) in the innovation with a complementary EGARCH procedure.Findings– The results suggests that the increasing involvement of banks in fee generating activities has a greater positive impact on US bank performance. On the one hand, US banks are more involved in fees related to traditional lending activities and securitization, which contributes to their higher mean return. On the other hand, Canadian banks focus more on investment banking activities, which makes their financial results more procyclical and volatile. Greater profitability notwithstanding, the authors also found that US bank non-interest income activities incorporate more credit risk, a type of risk obviously less diversifiable when credit shocks occur.Originality/value– The approach shows that the endogeneity problems related to the banks’ decision to diversify in non-traditional activities may be important. The multivariate GARCH approach the authors introduced strongly suggests that diversification gains fluctuate over the business cycle, and that the decision to diversify must be understood in a dynamic setting rather than in a static one.
Taste Detection Thresholds of Resveratrol
Authors: Koga Clarissa C. , Becraft Alexandra R. , Lee Youngsoo , Lee Soo‐Yeun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractResveratrol is a polyphenol that is associated with numerous health benefits related to heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and neurological function. The addition of this compound to food products would help to deliver these health benefits to the consumer. However, bitterness associated with resveratrol may impart negative sensory qualities on the food products into which resveratrol is added; thus, decreasing consumer acceptability. This concern may be resolved by encapsulating resveratrol through spray drying, an innovative processing technique. The objectives of this research were to (1) compare taste detection thresholds of unencapsulated resveratrol and encapsulated resveratrol and (2) determine if the inclusion of anhydrous milk fat in the formulation of the encapsulation wall material affects the taste detection threshold of resveratrol within the microcapsules. Resveratrol microcapsules were produced by encapsulating resveratrol in a protein matrix through spray drying. R‐index measure by the rating method was used to determine the average taste detection threshold and the pooled group taste detection threshold. The average and pooled group taste detection thresholds of unencapsulated resveratrol, sodium‐caseinate‐based resveratrol microcapsule without fat (SC), and sodium‐caseinate‐based resveratrol microcapsule with fat (SCAMF) were 90 and 47 mg resveratrol/L (unencapsulated), 313 and 103 mg resveratrol/L (SC), 334 and 108 mg resveratrol/L (SCAMF), respectively. The findings demonstrate that the encapsulation of resveratrol decreased the detection of the compound and provided a means to incorporate resveratrol into food products without imparting negative sensory properties.
F11R mRNA expression and promoter polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fang Tzu‐Jung , Lin Chia‐Hui , Lin Yuan‐Zhao , Li Ruei‐Nian , Ou Tsan‐Teng , Wu Cheng‐Chin , Tsai Wen‐Chan , Yen Jeng‐Hsien 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimAlthough F11 receptor (F11R), also named junctional adhesion molecular A (JAM‐A), participates in leukocyte migration, its role in autoimmune diseases has not been specifically disclosed. In this study, we examined the association of F11R expression with the development and clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodRNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and DNA from the peripheral blood in RA patients and a healthy control group were extracted. F11R messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The F11R polymorphisms were determined by the TaqMan genotyping assay.ResultsThere was more F11R mRNA expression in the PBMCs of RA patients than those of the control group (P = 0.018). In F11R promoter −688 A > C, C carriers have lower titers of the anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies (P = 0.002) and fewer positive rates of Schirmer's tests (P = 0.009). The effect is independent of the existence of HLA‐DR4. Different genotypes in F11R promoter −688 A > C and −436 A > G do not lead to changes of the gene expression in RA patients.ConclusionRA patients have higher mRNA expression of F11R. In RA patients, F11R −688 C may be a protective factor for the development of anti‐CCP antibodies and positive rates of Schirmer's tests.
Claudin expression in follicle‐associated epithelium of rat Peyer's patches defines a major restriction of the paracellular pathway
Authors: Markov A. G. , Falchuk E. L. , Kruglova N. M. , Radloff J. , Amasheh S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimMembers of the tight junction protein family of claudins have been demonstrated to specifically determine paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelium. In small intestinal mucosa, which is generally considered to be a leaky epithelium, Peyer's patches are a primary part of the immune system. The aim of this study was to analyse the tight junctional barrier of follicle‐associated epithelium covering Peyer's patches (lymphoid follicles).MethodsEmploying small intestinal tissue specimens of male Wistar rats, electrophysiological analyses including the Ussing chamber technique, marker flux measurements and one‐path impedance spectroscopy were performed. Morphometry of HE‐stained tissue sections was taken into account. Claudin expression and localization was analysed by immunoblotting and confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsAlmost twofold higher parameters of epithelial and transepithelial tissue resistance and a markedly lower permeability for the paracellular permeability markers 4 and 20 kDa FITC–dextran were detected in follicle‐associated epithelium compared to neighbouring villous epithelium. Analysis of claudin expression and localization revealed a stronger expression of major sealing proteins in follicle‐associated epithelium, including claudin‐1, claudin‐4, claudin‐5 and claudin‐8. Therefore, the specific expression and localization of claudins is in accordance with barrier properties of follicle‐associated epithelium vs. neighbouring villous epithelium.ConclusionWe demonstrate that follicle‐associated epithelium is specialized to ensure maximum restriction of the epithelial paracellular pathway in Peyer's patches by selective sealing of tight junctions. This results in an exclusive transcellular pathway of epithelial cells as the limiting and mandatory route for a controlled presentation of antigens to the underlying lymphocytes under physiological conditions.
CHILDSPLA: a collaboration between children and researchers to design and animate health states
Authors: Abrines Jaume N. , Abbiss M. , Wray J. , Ashworth J. , Brown K. L. , Cairns J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryAimThe children's health state preferences learnt from animation (CHILDSPLA) project developed an interactive application presented on a touch screen device using an animated character to collect information from children about their health.BackgroundThe underlying hypothesis was that health information could be directly collected from children as young as 4 years old by the use of animated characters. This paper describes in detail how children were involved in the development of the application, and recounts both the challenges and benefits of that process. A child psychologist and an animation filmmaker worked closely with children to design a character and to animate it to represent different health states. Children were recruited from a local primary school (n = 38) and a paediatric specialist hospital (n = 36). Diverse interactive activities were organized to help children give feedback and guide the design process. The activities for each session were adjusted to the children's needs, based on the experience of previous sessions.ResultsThe character and the animations were modified according to the feedback provided by the children.ConclusionsDeveloping the CHILDSPLA app in collaboration with children was a worthwhile and enriching experience, despite the required iteration and extension of the design process, as it enabled us to adjust the tool to the children's needs.