bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Protein and Lipid Levels in Practical Diets on Growth and Body Composition of Tongue Sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther
Authors: Liu Xingwang , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui , Wang Xiaojie , Liufu Zhiguo , Zhang Yanjiao 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA 9‐wk feeding experiment was conducted to estimate the optimal dietary protein and lipid levels for tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther (initial average weight of 43.8 ± 0.18 g). Six practical test diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (45, 50, and 55%, respectively) at two lipid levels (12 and 16%, respectively) with P/E ratios ranging from 87.1 to 110.5 mg protein/kcal. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish per tank (1000 L). The results showed that fish fed the diet with 55% protein and 12% lipid (P/E ratio of 110.5 mg protein/kcal) had the highest thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC), feed efficiency ratio, protein productive value, and energy retention. TGC was significantly increased with increasing dietary protein levels irrespective of dietary lipid levels (P < 0.05). However, fish fed the diet with 16% lipid showed significant lower growth than fish fed the diet with 12% lipid. These results suggest that the diet containing 55% protein and 12% lipid with P/E of 110.5 mg protein/kcal is optimal for tongue sole and the increase of dietary lipid level has no effective protein‐sparing effect.
A Review of the Culture and Diseases of Redclaw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens 1868)
Authors: Saoud Imad P. , Ghanawi Joly , Thompson Kenneth R. , Webster Carl D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, is a freshwater decapod crustacean displaying a number of physical, biological, and commercial attributes that make it suitable for commercial aquaculture. Interest in redclaw crayfish, both for aquaculture and aquarium trade, has resulted in wide translocations of the species within Australia, south‐east Asia, and Central/South America. The redclaw aquaculture industry has been growing rapidly since the mid‐1980s in tropical and sub‐tropical regions of the world. Redclaw aquaculture is done mostly in extensive pond systems, but interest in developing more intensive systems is increasing. The present manuscript reviews current knowledge and trends of redclaw aquaculture, and areas where further research is needed are identified. Nutrition and reproduction of redclaw were recently reviewed in other manuscripts and those are summarized here. The present manuscript emphasizes environmental tolerances, diseases, aquaculture techniques, and marketing.
Effects of Microalgae and Alfalfa Meal on Population Growth and Production of a Freshwater Rotifer, Euchlanis dilatata (Rotifera: Mongononta)
Authors: Farhadian Omidvar , Daghighi Leila , Dorche Eisa Ebrahimi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPopulation growth and production of the freshwater rotifer, Euchlanis dilatata, were determined after being fed 1 of 12 diets: Scenedesmus quadricauda (S), Chlorella vulgaris (C), baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Y), alfalfa meal (Medicago spp.) (A), and eight combinations of S+C, S+Y, C+Y, S+C+Y, S+A, C+A, S+C+A, and Y+A (mixture in the same ratio by equal nitrogen weight). Results showed that both microalgal and alfalfa meal alone and in combination with Y had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) population growth and production compared with Y alone. The mean maximum E. dilatata population density fed on S, S+Y, C, C+Y, S+C, S+C+Y, Y, A, S+A, C+A, S+C+A, and Y+A diets were 65 ± 7.5 (mean ± SE), 124.6 ± 17.2, 115.8 ± 7.9, 41.5 ± 7.9, 131 ± 14.1, 93.5 ± 8.7, 14.5 ± 7.6, 129.5 ± 18.5, 255.0 ± 20.5, 180 ± 30.5, 124.5 ± 25.4, and 61.5 ± 24.5 individuals/mL, respectively. Correspondingly, the mean population growth rates (K) through the 16‐d culture period were 0.29, 0.40, 0.45, 0.27, 0.34, 0.41, 0.26, 0.51, 0.58, 0.59, 0.39, and 0.45/d, respectively. Results indicated that alfalfa meal in combination with microalgae and yeast could be used as primary diets for E. dilatata culture. This may reduce the costs of rotifer production.
Variation of Color and Ray Pattern in Juvenile Shells in Hatchery‐produced Freshwater Triangle Pearl Mussels, Hyriopsis cumingii, in China
Authors: Wen Haibo , Gu Ruobo , Cao Zheming , Zhou Xin , Nie Zhijuan , Ge Xianping , Xu Pao , Zhou Xin , Nie Zhijuan , Ge Xianping , Xu Pao , Hua Dan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe variation and inheritance of juvenile shell color and pigmentation pattern in the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii, were reported in 1‐yr‐old progeny of eight families. There were three distinctive phenotypes of shell color and pigmentation patterns observed, including a greenish‐brown shell with radial rays, yellowish‐brown shell with radial rays, and yellowish‐brown shell without radial rays. There were no greenish‐brown individuals without radial rays. The shell color phenotypes showed variation with the growth in juvenile Stage I (1–3 cm in shell length), and the percentage of individuals with radial rays increased once they reached a shell length of 11 mm and then stabilized after reaching 20 mm in shell length. Shell color differentiation became more apparent at a shell length of 26 mm. Results of chi‐square tests of the segregation ratio of shell color or ray phenotypes obtained from eight families at juvenile Stage II (6–9 cm in shell length) suggested that greenish‐brown is controlled by a dominant allele (G) and yellowish‐brown‐shell phenotype is by a recessive allele (y); the ray pattern phenotype is controlled by a recessive (r) and a dominant allele (R) at a single locus. Shell color phenotypes may be a useful genetic marker for future selective breeding of triangle pearl mussels.
Growth, Body Fatty Acid Composition, Immune Response, and Resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus, Fed Diets Containing Various Levels of Linoleic and Linolenic Acids
Authors: Li Erchao , Lim Chhorn , Klesius Phillip H , Welker Thomas L 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe effects of dietary linoleic (LA) and linolenic acids (LN) on growth and immunity of all‐male hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus, were evaluated for 10 wk. Fish fed 0.12% LA +  0% LN had the lowest weight gain (WG) but was not significantly different from diets containing 0.5% LA or 0.40% LA +  1.0% LN. Fish fed 1% LA had the highest WG but did not differ from diets with 0.5% LA, 2.0% LA, 0.26% LA +  0.5% LN, 0.69% LA +  2.0% LN, or diets containing both LA and LN at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0%. Feed intake, feed efficiency, and survival did not differ among treatments. Total body n‐6 fatty acids (FAs) increased with increasing dietary levels of n‐6. Total body n‐3 FAs also appeared to increase with increasing dietary n‐3 levels but peaked at 1% of diet. Dietary treatment had no effect on hematology, immune function, or survival to Streptococcus iniae. This study indicates that both LA and LN are dietary essential for growth of hybrid tilapia. Dietary LA alone can meet the essential FA requirement, and a level of 1.14% of diet is required for optimum growth.
Localization and evolution of septins in algae
Authors: Yamazaki Tomokazu , Owari Satomi , Ota Shuhei , Sumiya Nobuko , Yamamoto Maki , Watanabe Koichi , Nagumo Tamotsu , Miyamura Shinichi , Kawano Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2013

SummarySeptins are a group of GTP‐binding proteins that are multi‐functional, with a well‐known role in cytokinesis in animals and fungi. Although the functions of septins have been thoroughly studied in opisthokonts (fungi and animals), the function and evolution of plant/algal septins are not as well characterized. Here we describe septin localization and expression in the green algae Nannochloris bacillaris and Marvania geminata. The present data suggest that septins localize at the division site when cytokinesis occurs. In addition, we show that septin homologs may be found only in green algae, but not in other major plant lineages, such as land plants, red algae and glaucophytes. We also found other septin homolog‐possessing organisms among the diatoms, Rhizaria and cryptomonad/haptophyte lineages. Our study reveals the potential role of algal septins in cytokinesis and/or cell elongation, and confirms that septin genes appear to have been lost in the Plantae lineage, except in some green algae.
Determination of human neutrophil antigen‐1, ‐3, ‐4 and ‐5 allele frequencies in English Caucasoid blood donors using a multiplex fluorescent DNA‐based assay
Authors: Cardoso S. P. , Chong W. , Lucas G. , Green A. , Navarrete C. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesA number of DNA‐based methods to genotype the alleles coding for HNA have been described, but all require the separate amplification and analysis of each allele. The aim was to develop a DNA‐based method for simultaneous detection of HNA‐1, HNA‐3, HNA‐4 and HNA‐5 alleles.Materials and MethodsAn allele‐specific primer extension method was used in combination with magnetic beads from Luminex technology. PCR–sequence‐specific primers (SSP) was used to resolve the presence of the HNA‐1b allele in samples assigned by the Luminex bead assay as HNA‐1a/‐1b/‐1c or HNA‐1b/‐1c. HNA allele frequencies were determined in a panel of 140 randomly selected English Caucasoid blood donors.ResultsHNA allelic types were compared with historical results, and 100% concordance was found. Only eight of the 97 samples used in the validation required additional testing by PCR–SSP. Allele frequencies were determined in the blood donor population as follows: 0·318 for HNA‐1a, 0·668 for HNA‐1b, 0·014 for HNA‐1c, 0·768 for HNA‐3a, 0·232 for HNA‐3b, 0·882 for HNA‐4a, 0·118 for HNA‐4b, 0·736 for HNA‐5a and 0·264 for HNA‐5b.ConclusionA multiplex Luminex bead assay for the simultaneous detection of HNA‐1, HNA‐3, HNA‐4 and HNA‐5 alleles is described that enables rapid typing of donors to support HNA alloimmunized patients who require HNA‐compatible blood products.
Puumala Virus Outbreak in Western Thuringia, Germany, 2010: Epidemiology and Strain Identification
Authors: Faber M. , Wollny T. , Schlegel M. , Wanka K. M. , Thiel J. , Frank C. , Rimek D. , Ulrich R. G. , Stark K. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn 2010, the highest annual number of human Puumala virus (PUUV) infections was reported in Germany since hantavirus surveillance started in 2001. The increase in annual case numbers was especially marked in western Thuringia. We combined results of case‐based hantavirus surveillance in humans and serological and molecular investigations in the rodent reservoir to describe the epidemiological situation and to identify the putative outbreak strain. A 5‐fold increase in notified hantavirus cases compared to the previous annual maximum was observed in western Thuringia in 2010. Disease incidence varied tremendously within a small geographical area with case patients' places of residence clustering around beech‐dominated broad leaf forest patches. Investigations in the rodent reservoir revealed a novel Puumala virus (PUUV) subtype, which is clearly distinct from strains collected in other PUUV endemic regions of Germany. It can be assumed that in regions in western Thuringia where hantavirus cases occurred in 2010 or previous outbreak years, PUUV has been present in the environment for a long time. Further studies are needed to elucidate the population dynamics and hantavirus prevalence of the rodent reservoir and driving ecological factors.
Genome Analysis Suggests that the Soil Oligotrophic Bacterium Agromonas oligotrophica (Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum) Is a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Aeschynomene indica
Authors: Okubo Takashi , Fukushima Shohei , Itakura Manabu , Oshima Kenshiro , Longtonglang Aphakorn , Teaumroong Neung , Mitsui Hisayuki , Hattori Masahira , Hattori Reiko , Hattori Tsutomu , Minamisawa Kiwamu 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAgromonas oligotrophica(Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum) S58Tis a nitrogen-fixing oligotrophic bacterium isolated from paddy field soil that is able to grow in extra-low-nutrient environments. Here, the complete genome sequence of S58 was determined. The S58 genome was found to comprise a circular chromosome of 8,264,165 bp with an average GC content of 65.1% lackingnodABCgenes and the typical symbiosis island. The genome showed a high level of similarity to the genomes ofBradyrhizobiumsp. ORS278 andBradyrhizobiumsp. BTAi1, including nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis gene clusters, which nodulate an aquatic legume plant,Aeschynomene indica, in a Nod factor-independent manner. Although nonsymbiotic (brady)rhizobia are significant components of rhizobial populations in soil, we found that most genes important for nodule development (ndv) and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (nifandfix) withA. indicawere well conserved between the ORS278 and S58 genomes. Therefore, we performed inoculation experiments with fiveA. oligotrophicastrains (S58, S42, S55, S72, and S80). Surprisingly, all five strains ofA. oligotrophicaformed effective nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots and/or stems ofA. indica, with differentiated bacteroids. Nonsymbiotic (brady)rhizobia are known to be significant components of rhizobial populations without a symbiosis island or symbiotic plasmids in soil, but the present results indicate that soil-dwellingA. oligotrophicagenerally possesses the ability to establish symbiosis withA. indica. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Nod factor-independent symbiosis withA. indicais a common trait ofnodABC- and symbiosis island-lacking strains within the members of the photosyntheticBradyrhizobiumclade, includingA. oligotrophica.
Distribution and Origin of Oxygen-Dependent and Oxygen-Independent Forms of Mg-Protoporphyrin Monomethylester Cyclase among Phototrophic Proteobacteria
Authors: Boldareva-Nuianzina Ekaterina N. , Bláhová Zuzana , Sobotka Roman , Koblížek Michal 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethylester cyclase is one of the key enzymes of the bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. There exist two fundamentally different forms of this enzyme. The oxygen-dependent form, encoded by the gene
acsF
, catalyzes the formation of the bacteriochlorophyll fifth ring using oxygen, whereas the oxygen-independent form encoded by the gene
bchE
utilizes an oxygen atom extracted from water. The presence of
acsF
and
bchE
genes was surveyed in various phototrophic
Proteobacteria
using the available genomic data and newly designed degenerated primers. It was found that while the majority of purple nonsulfur bacteria contained both forms of the cyclase, the purple sulfur bacteria contained only the oxygen-independent form. All tested species of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs contained
acsF
genes, but some of them also retained the
bchE
gene. In contrast to
bchE
phylogeny, the
acsF
phylogeny was in good agreement with 16S inferred phylogeny. Moreover, the survey of the genome data documented that the
acsF
gene occupies a conserved position inside the photosynthesis gene cluster, whereas the
bchE
location in the genome varied largely between the species. This suggests that the oxygen-dependent cyclase was recruited by purple phototrophic bacteria very early during their evolution. The primary sequence and immunochemical similarity with its cyanobacterial counterparts suggests that
acsF
may have been acquired by
Proteobacteria
via horizontal gene transfer from cyanobacteria. The acquisition of the gene allowed purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacteria to proliferate in the mildly oxygenated conditions of the Proterozoic era.
New Biotransformation Process for Production of the Fragrant Compound γ-Dodecalactone from 10-Hydroxystearate by Permeabilized Waltomyces lipofer Cells
Authors: An Jung-Ung , Joo Young-Chul , Oh Deok-Kun 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

A new biotransformation process for the production of the flavor lactone was developed by using permeabilized
Waltomyces lipofer
, which was selected as an efficient γ-dodecalactone-producing yeast among 10 oleaginous yeast strains. The optimal reaction conditions for γ-dodecalactone production by permeabilized
W. lipofer
cells were pH 6.5, 35°C, 200 rpm, 0.7 M Tris, 60 g/liter of 10-hydroxystearic acid, and 30 g/liter of cells. Under these conditions, nonpermeabilized cells produced 12 g/liter of γ-dodecalactone after 30 h, with a conversion yield of 21% (wt/wt) and a productivity of 0.4 g/liter/h, whereas permeabilized cells obtained after sequential treatments with 50% ethanol and 0.5% Triton X-100 produced 46 g/liter of γ-dodecalactone after 30 h, with a conversion yield of 76% (wt/wt) and a productivity of 1.5 g/liter/h. These values were 3.7- and 3.8-fold higher than those obtained using nonpermeabilized cells. These are the highest reported concentration, conversion yield, and productivity for the production of the bioflavor lactone.
Syringyl-Rich Lignin Renders Poplars More Resistant to Degradation by Wood Decay Fungi
Authors: Skyba Oleksandr , Douglas Carl J. , Mansfield Shawn D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

In order to elucidate the effects of lignin composition on the resistance of wood to degradation by decay fungi, wood specimens from two transgenic poplar lines expressing an
Arabidopsis
gene encoding ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) driven by the cinnimate-4-hydroxylase promoter (C4H::F5H) that increased syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) monolignol ratios relative to those in the untransformed control wood were incubated with six different wood decay fungi. Alterations in wood weight and chemical composition were monitored over the incubation period. The results showed that transgenic poplar lines extremely rich in syringyl lignin exhibited a drastically improved resistance to degradation by all decay fungi evaluated. Lignin monomer composition and its distribution among cell types and within different cell layers were the sole wood chemistry parameters determining wood durability. Since transgenic poplars with exceedingly high syringyl contents were recalcitrant to degradation, where wood durability is a critical factor, these genotypes may offer improved performance.
Phosphotransferase System-Mediated Glucose Uptake Is Repressed in Phosphoglucoisomerase-Deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum Strains
Authors: Lindner Steffen N. , Petrov Dimitar P. , Hagmann Christian T. , Henrich Alexander , Krämer Reinhard , Eikmanns Bernhard J. , Wendisch Volker F. , Seibold Gerd M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCorynebacterium glutamicumis particularly known for its industrial application in the production of amino acids. Amino acid overproduction comes along with a high NADPH demand, which is covered mainly by the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In previous studies, the complete redirection of the carbon flux toward the PPP by chromosomal inactivation of thepgigene, encoding the phosphoglucoisomerase, has been applied for the improvement ofC. glutamicumamino acid production strains, but this was accompanied by severe negative effects on the growth characteristics. To investigate these effects in a genetically defined background, we deleted thepgigene in the type strainC. glutamicumATCC 13032. The resulting strain,C. glutamicumΔpgi, lacked detectable phosphoglucoisomerase activity and grew poorly with glucose as the sole substrate. Apart from the already reported inhibition of the PPP by NADPH accumulation, we detected a drastic reduction of the phosphotransferase system (PTS)-mediated glucose uptake inC. glutamicumΔpgi. Furthermore, Northern blot analyses revealed that expression ofptsG, which encodes the glucose-specific EII permease of the PTS, was abolished in this mutant. Applying our findings, we optimizedl-lysine production in the model strainC. glutamicumDM1729 by deletion ofpgiand overexpression of plasmid-encodedptsG.l-Lysine yields and productivity withC. glutamicumΔpgi(pBB1-ptsG) were significantly higher than those withC. glutamicumΔpgi(pBB1). These results show thatptsGoverexpression is required to overcome the repressed activity of PTS-mediated glucose uptake inpgi-deficientC. glutamicumstrains, thus enabling efficient as well as fastl-lysine production.
Linking Microbial Community Structure to Function in Representative Simulated Systems
Authors: Marcus Ian M. , Wilder Hailey A. , Quazi Shanin J. , Walker Sharon L. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Pathogenic bacteria are generally studied as a single strain under ideal growing conditions, although these conditions are not the norm in the environments in which pathogens typically proliferate. In this investigation, a representative microbial community along with
Escherichia coli
O157:H7, a model pathogen, was studied in three environments in which such a pathogen could be found: a human colon, a septic tank, and groundwater. Each of these systems was built in the lab in order to retain the physical/chemical and microbial complexity of the environments while maintaining control of the feed into the models. The microbial community in the colon was found to have a high percentage of bacteriodetes and firmicutes, while the septic tank and groundwater systems were composed mostly of proteobacteria. The introduction of
E. coli
O157:H7 into the simulated systems elicited a shift in the structures and phenotypic cell characteristics of the microbial communities. The fate and transport of the microbial community with
E. coli
O157:H7 were found to be significantly different from those of
E. coli
O157:H7 studied as a single isolate, suggesting that the behavior of the organism in the environment was different from that previously conceived. The findings in this study clearly suggest that to gain insight into the fate of pathogens, cells should be grown and analyzed under conditions simulating those of the environment in which the pathogens are present.
Environmental Distribution and Seasonal Prevalence of Mycobacterium ulcerans in Southern Louisiana
Authors: Hennigan Caroline E. , Myers Leann , Ferris Michael J. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium ulcerans
is an emerging environmental pathogen that causes debilitating, ulcerative disease in humans and other vertebrates. The majority of human cases occur in tropical and temperate regions of Africa and Australia, and outbreaks of piscine mycobacteriosis caused by
M. ulcerans
have been reported in disparate geographic locations spanning the globe. While exposure to a natural body of water is the most common risk factor for human infection, the environmental distribution of
M. ulcerans
in aquatic habitats has not been extensively studied. Although no human cases have been reported in the United States, a strain of
M. ulcerans
has been identified as the cause of a piscine mycobacteriosis in Striped bass (
Morone saxatilis
) within the Chesapeake Bay. Infected fish exhibit bright red ventral and lateral dermal lesions. We observed a possible outbreak causing similar lesions on red drum (
Sciaenops ocellatus
) in wetlands of southern Louisiana and detected
M. ulcerans
-specific genetic markers in lesion samples from these fish. Based on these findings, we studied the geographic and seasonal prevalence of these markers across southern Louisiana.
M. ulcerans
was detected in each of the nine areas sampled across the state.
M. ulcerans
prevalence was significantly lower in the fall samples, and the low prevalence coincided with decreased nutrient levels and an increase in water temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first study of
M. ulcerans
biomarkers in the southern United States.