bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscope Studies on the Intracellular Growth of PL‐1 Phage of Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Watanabe Kenji , Fukuzaki Tomoharu , Shirabe Mitsuhiro , Nakashima Yukihiko , Murata Kunihiko , Kuroiwa Ataru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUltrathin sections of the cells of Lactobacillus casei infected with or without PL‐1 phages were observed by the rapid‐freezing and substitution‐fixation method. Phage‐head‐like particles were first observed in the nuclear region. The region was seen more widely dispersed in the cytoplasm than that observed by the conventional chemical fixation method. The features of cells just broken open by the infected phages were observed by the sedimentation method devised by us. The bursting occurred in more than one place in the cells with liberation of progeny phages.
Effect of Norspermidine and Its Related Triamines on the Cell‐Free Polyphenylalanine Synthesizing System from Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Yamamoto Shigeo , Koumoto Yasuyoshi , Shikami Satoshi , Shinoda Sumio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of norspermidine and its structurally related triamines on the cell‐free polyphenylalanine synthesizing system from Vibrio parahaemolyticus was examined in connection with the requirement of the system for monovalent cation. In the absence of norspermidine, the maximal incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine into hot trichloroacetic acid insoluble material was observed under ionic conditions of 12 mM Mg2+ and 50 mM NH4+. K+ could partially substitute for NH4+, but Na + could not. The addition of norspermidine to the polyphenylalanine synthetic reaction mixture not only lowered the optimal Mg2+ concentration, but it also stimulated the polyphenylalanine synthesis up to 2‐fold with no significant increase in misin‐corporation of [14C]leucine. Other triamines having one or two methylene chains more than norspermidine were also effective in eliciting these effects. Furthermore, Na+ could not support the polyphenylalanine synthesis even in the presence of norspermidine and, on the contrary, inhibited the polyphenylalanine synthesis induced by NH4+ regardless of whether norspermidine was present or not. These findings are discussed in comparison with the properties of other bacterial cell‐free systems.
Two Kinds of P‐Fimbrial Variants of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Recognizing Forssman Glycosphingolipid
Authors: Orino Koichi , Naiki Masaharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVarious types of fimbriae on pathogenic Escherichia coli strains have been classified by their antigenicities and recognition specificities for receptors. However, the antigenicity of fimbrial proteins does not always correlate with the fimbrial recognition specificity. In this communication, the exact carbohydrate structures recognized by the fimbriae of two human uropathogenic E. coli strains, KS71 (O4) and IH11024 (O6), that have P‐fimbrial antigen, were examined. Strain KS71 showed mannose‐resistant (MR) hemagglutination (HA) of human blood group OP1 phenotype erythrocytes, and its HA was inhibited by blood group Pk antigen, Gal(α,1–4)Gal(β,1–4)Gle‐ceramide and P antigen, GalNAc(β,1–3)Gal(α,1–4)Gal(β, 1–4)Gle‐ceramide but not by Forssman antigen, GalNAc(α,1–3)GalNAc(β,1–3)Gal(α, 1–4)Gal(β,1–4)Gle‐ceramide, as previously described in many papers. The cells also showed MR HA of sheep erythrocytes, which was potently inhibited by Forssman, and weakly by P and Pk antigens. These phenomena could not be explained by the above P adhesin specificity. This adhesin was called Forssman‐like adhesin. Strain IH11024 also caused MR HA of sheep erythrocytes but not of human erythrocytes. The HA was inhibited specifically by Forssman but neither by Pk nor P antigen. This adhesin was completely different from P adhesin and Forssman‐like adhesin in recognition of the carbohydrate epitope. This adhesin, until now called a pseudo‐type of P fimbriae, was renamed Forssman adhesin.
Gastroenteritis in Suckling Mice Caused by Human Rotavirus Can Be Prevented with Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) and Treated with a Protein‐Bound Polysaccharide Preparation (PSK)
Authors: Ebina Takusaburo , Tsukada Keiko , Umezu Kouji , Nose Makoto , Tsuda Ken , Hatta Hajime , Kim Mujo , Yamamoto Takehiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOral inoculation of human rotavirus MO strain (serotype 3) into 5‐day‐old BALB/c mice cause gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea. Clinical symptoms, histopathological changes in the small intestine, and the detection of rotavirus antigen in enterocytes were all characteristic of rotavirus‐induced gastroenteritis. Using this small animal model, passive protection of suckling mice against human rotavirus infection was achieved with the use of immunoglobulin (IgY) from the yolks of eggs of rotavirus‐immunized hens. When IgY against a rotavirus strain homotypic to the challenge virus (MO strain) was administered in the mice, complete protection against rotavirus infection was achieved. On the other hand, with oral administration of IgY against a heterotypic strain (serotype 1, Wa strain), a lower protective effect was nevertheless obtained. The four different strains of human rotavirus (Wa, KUN, MO, and ST3) were inactivated in vitro by treatment with PSK, a protein‐bound polysaccharide preparation, in a dose‐dependent manner. Oral administration of 2.5 mg of PSK caused a therapeutic effect on experimentally MO‐infected suckling mice. The antiviral effect of PSK was indicated by the reduction of the duration of diarrhea.
Localization of a Determinant Mediating Partial Macrolide Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Matsuoka Mayumi , Endou Kikutarou , Nakajima Yoshinori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour out of more than 8,200 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Japan between 1961 and 1980 were constitutively resistant to a variety of macrolide antibiotics except tylosin and rokitamycin, but susceptible to lincosamide and streptogramin type B antibiotics (PM). The data obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis, CsCl‐ethidium bromide density gradient analysis, diagnosis with ATP‐dependent deoxyribonuclease, and a test transducing into a rec− mutant with phage 80L2 propagated on PM‐resistant S. aureus all suggested that the determinant for the PM‐resistance is located in chromosome.
Protective Effect of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor (rG‐CSF) against Various Microbial Infections in Neutropenic Mice
Authors: Matsumoto Masahiko , Matsubara Shuzo , Matsuno Takashi , Ono Masayoshi , Yokota Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProtective effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rG‐CSF) on microbial infections was studied in cyclophosphamide (CPA)‐induced neutropenic mice. The neutropenic mice showed severely decreased resistance against systemic infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. When such mice were injected subcutaneously with rG‐CSF on four consecutive days beginning the day after CPA injection, the decreased anti‐microbial resistance of the mice was restored to the level of that in normal mice. The anti‐infective effect of rG‐CSF was dose‐dependent and the 50% effective doses (ED50) in various microbial infections tested were 1 10 μg/kg/day. The results suggest that rG‐CSF is useful for protection of neutropenic patients from microbial infections.
Hemagglutination Activities of Purified Pertussis Toxin and Filamentous Hemagglutinin against Erythrocytes from Various Animals
Authors: Gupta Rajesh K. , Saxena S.N. , Sharma Suniti B. , Ahuja Subhash 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe hemagglutinating (HA) activities of purified pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were evaluated against unfixed and glutaraldehyde‐fixed erythrocytes from ox, goose, horse, monkey, sheep, chicken, and rabbit. Both PT and FHA showed HA activities against fixed and unfixed erythrocytes from all the animals studied. The HA titers of FHA were higher than those of PT. The HA activities of FHA and PT were not destroyed completely even after heating these preparations at 56 C for 30 min. A simple test for the assay of PT in culture supernatants of Bordetella pertussis on the basis of HA activity has been described.
Isolation of a Serologically Different Compact‐Colony‐Forming Active Substance from Strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yoshida Kosaku , Ohtomo Toshichika , Suganuma Masaru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo observe the possible serological heterogeneity of compact‐colony‐forming active substance (CCFAS), heat‐killed vaccines were prepared by two strains of Staphylococcus aureus, strains SMU 1–46 and SMU 7931, cultured in 0.03 M tris‐hydrochloride‐buffered brain heart infusion, pH 8.4. After immunization with the vaccine in rabbits, antibody responses were observed during a period of six weeks after the immunization either by homologous and heterologous organisms using alkaline serum‐soft agar technique. The results showed that remarkable antibody production was shown only against homologous strain, but not against heterologous strain. The antibodies were absorbed out only with highly purified preparation of CCFAS extracted from homologous strain and not with heterologous CCFAS. Differences of the major chemical composition of the substances showed that highly purified CCFAS extracted from strain SMU 7931 contained 2.84 and 2.04 times higher amounts of galactose and 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐D‐galacturonic acid than those of CCFAS obtained from strain SMU 1–46.
Reassessment of Antigenic Determinant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Serotype Ia
Authors: Nishikawa Akemi , Serine Takeshi , Ikeda Reiko , Shinoda Takako , Fukazawa Yoshimura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe examined the immunochemical structure of the antigenic determinant of S. cerevisiae serotype Ia. The specific factor serum for S. cerevisiae serotype Ia was obtained either from factor 18 serum by adsorption with heat‐killed cells of Candida glabrata, or from anti‐S. cerevisiae Ia (M 6001) serum by adsorption with heat‐killed cells of S. cerevisiae Ib (IFO 0751). We designated this adsorbed serum as factor 18a. Acetolysis of S. cerevisiae cell wall D‐mannan gave five oligosaccharides. Signals of 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of mannooligosaccharides derived from S. cerevisiae mannan were assigned for their linkages by the aid of those of α‐1,3′‐linked mannooligosaccharides derived from glucuronoxylomannan of capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A‐D. Agglutination‐inhibition experiments revealed that the mannopentaose from S. cerevisiae mannan was the most effective inhibitor. Moreover, inhibitory activities of α‐1,3′‐linked mannotriose, mannotetraose, and mannopentaose which were derived from glucuronoxylomannan of C. neoformans were shown to be higher than those of mannotetraose with one terminal α‐(l‐3) linkage from homologous S. cerevisiae mannan. These results indicate that mannopentaose with terminal two α‐(l‐3) linkages is responsible for the specificity of S. cerevisiae Ia.
Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Employing Monoclonal Antibodies for Direct Identification of Enteric Adenoviruses (Ad40,41) in Feces
Authors: Nishio Osamu , Ooseto Mituaki , Takagi Kenzi , Yamasita Yasutaka , Ishihara Yuichi , Isomura Shin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor detection and identification of enteric adenovirus (Ad) types 40 and 41 in stool specimens, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed with the use of three monoclonal antibodies: Ad group‐specific, Ad40 type‐specific, and Ad41 type‐specific antibodies. Of 860 fecal samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis, 44 strains of Ad were isolated using Graham 293 cell cultures. Of these isolates, 20 were typed as Ad40, 18 were Ad41, and 6 were other Ads by neutralization tests with cell cultures. Results of the ELISA tests on these 860 fecal samples resulted in good agreement to those with the cell culture method. The ELISA tests using Ad type‐specific monoclonal antibodies proved to be a specific and rapid technique for laboratory diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis caused by enteric Ads.
Adherence and Pathogenesis of Salmonella enteritidis in Mice
Authors: Aslanzadeh Jaber , Paulissen Leo J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdherence of many pathogenic organisms to the host cells has been associated with the presence of fimbriae. The exact role of these organelles in the adherence and pathogenesis of Salmonella enteritidis is not well established. Utilizing hemagglutination tests, S. enteritidis was shown to possess type 1 and type 3 fimbriae. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the isolated fimbriae showed that type 1 and 3 fimbriae of S. enteritidis had subunit M.r of 17 and 22 kDa, respectively. In vitro adherence assays suggested that S. enteritidis utilized type 1 fimbriae to adhere to human buccal and mouse small intestine epithelial cells. In addition, antibody produced against type 1 and type 3 fimbriae protected the mice from infection with a lethal dose of S. enteritidis. These results suggest that type 1 and possibly type 3 fimbriae are involved in the adherence and pathogenesis of S. enteritidis. The data further suggest that they may have a role in the adherence and pathogenesis of the other enteric organisms.
The Growth of Mycobacteria in Liquid Medium Is Influenced by the Dimension of Glass Wall in Contact with the Medium
Authors: Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe growth of the type strain of Mycobacterium aurum was compared between flask and tube, both of which contained the same concentration of bacteria in synthetic media and had the same air‐contact dimension but had different dimensions of the glass wall of vessels contacting the medium. Much better growth occurred in the flask, which had a smaller dimension of the glass wall contacting the medium, than in the tube, which had a larger dimension. The finding shows that the growth of bacteria is influenced by the dimension of the glass wall of vessels. It was considered that a high chance of the attack shock for bacteria given by the Brownian movement lowers the multiplication of bacteria.
Protective Immunities Induced by Porins from Mutant Strains of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Matsui Katsuhiko , Arai Toshihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe protective immunity against Salmonella typhimurium‐infection in mice immunized with porins from mutant strains of S. typhimurium was studied. A high level of protection against S. typhimurium infection was achieved in mice immunized with native porins from S. typhimurium LT2 (wild‐type strain) but not from S. typhimurium SH6017, SH6260, or SH5551 (mutant strains), which produce 34K, 35K, or 36K porin, respectively. Moreover, when mice were immunized with mixtures of 34K, 35K, and 36K porins (34K + 35K, 35K + 36K, 34K + 36K, or 34K + 35K + 36K porin) or LT2 porin heated at 100 C for 2 min in 2% SDS (heat‐denatured LT2 porin), the degree of protective immunities in the mice was very much lower than that in the mice immunized with the native LT2 porin. However, antisera raised against these porins showed no significant differences of the antibody titer against LT2 porin or LT2 whole cells. On the other hand, mice immunized with the native LT2 porin—but not 34K, 35K, 36K, 34K + 35K + 36K, and the heat‐denatured LT2 porins—exhibited significant levels of delayed‐type hypersensitivity reaction and interleukin‐2 production when they were elicited with whole cells of S. typhimurium LT2. These observations suggested that the high level of protection induced by the native LT2 porin immunization was dependent on the induction of cell‐mediated immunity.
Characterization of an Escherichia coli Mutant Pleiotropically Altered in Membrane‐Bound Oxidoreductase Activities
Authors: Cox John C. , Goldschmidt Eugene P. , Jurtshuk Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn Escherichia coli mutant pleiotropically altered in membrane‐bound oxidoreductase activities was isolated following nitrosoguanidine treatment. Mutant R23 was able to grow on glucose, but was unable to grow on succinate or other oxidizable substrates as a sole energy source. Isolated membranes prepared from R23 failed to oxidize succinate and formate; while NADH was oxidized at a reduced rate by membranes. The mutant also exhibited markedly reduced cytochrome content, but normal DL‐lactate PMS reductase and H+‐translocating ATPase activities relative to the parent strain. Bacteriophage P1kc was used to transduce R23 to growth on glycerol, DL‐lactate or succinate; regardless of the selection procedure, each of the 179 transductants had gained the ability to grow on all three substrates. The suc− mutation in R23 appeared to be responsible for the loss of growth on oxidizable substrates, altered membrane‐bound oxidoreductase activities, resistance to neomycin, and reduced levels of cytochrome components. The suc− mutation was localized in the 6 to 6.5 min region of the E. coli chromosome map utilizing episomal transfers.
Induction of Interferons (IFNs) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in Mice by a Novel Glycolipid Trehalose 2,3,6′‐Trimycolate from Rhodococcus aurantiacus (Gordona aurantiaca)
Authors: Fujita Takako , Sugimoto Nobuko , Yokoi Fusa , Ohtsubo Yoshikazu , Ikutoh Masatoshi , Kato Yoshiko , Natsuhara Yayoi , Oka Shiro , Yano Ikuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe immunomodifying activity of a novel mycoloyl glycolipid, trehalose 2,3,6′‐trimycolate (GaGM), from a unique psychrophilic acid‐fast bacterium, Rhodococcus aurantiacus, was examined. ICR mice were primed intravenously (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with liposomes containing GaGM (300 μg/mouse), and were administered LPS dissolved in saline (25 μg/mouse, i.v.) 2 weeks later. Two hours after injection of LPS, interferons (IFNs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were induced significantly in mice sera. The increase in activities of IFNs and TNF was approximately paralleled with granuloma formation in spleen of mice primed with GaGM. However, IFNs and TNF were not induced either in mice primed with GaGM but not elicited with LPS, or in those primed with GaGM and elicited by GaGM. Both activities induced were lower in mice primed with trehalose mono‐ or dimycolate from R. aurantiacus (GaTMM, GaTDM) or TDM from Nocardia rubra than in GaGM‐primed mice. Time course study showed that the maximum activity of each interferon (α, β, or γ) was observed at different stages after LPS administration; IFN‐α, IFN‐β, and IFN‐γ appeared 3, 2, and 6 hours most abundantly after LPS administration, respectively.
Demonstration and Characterization of the Cell Wall Carbohydrate and Protein Antigens from Clostridium Botulinum Type E Saroma
Authors: Takumi Kemji , Nagao Shigeki , Takeoka Aya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo different cell wall antigens, carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (P), from Clostridium botulinum type E Saroma were extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and purified by chromatography on DEAE‐Sepharose CL‐6B and Sephadex G‐75 or G‐100. The CHO antigen was composed of glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, alanine and phosphorus with a molar ratio of 1.5: 1.5:0.25:0.25: 1:1. The P antigen was an acidic protein with a molecular weight of 60 kDa, in which the major amino acids were aspartate, glutamate and serine, while the minor ones were cysteine and methionine. Thin sections of the intact or SDS‐extracted cells of the organism demonstrated that the cell wall was composed of a two‐layered structure, an inner layer about 20 nm thick and an outer layer about 10 nm, and by the extraction with SDS, the outer layer disappeared from the cell surface, leaving the inner layer. Immunogel diffusion tests demonstrated that either CHO antigen or P antigen was common among the nonproteolytic strains of C. botulinum.
Inactivation of Kanamycin A by Phosphorylation in Pathogenic Nocardia
Authors: Yazawa Katsukiyo , Mikami Yuzuru , Maeda Akio , Kudo Takuji , Suzuki Ken‐ichiro , Saito Naoki , Kubo Akinori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAmong the five species of pathogenic Nocardia, i.e., N. asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N. nova and N. otitidiscaviarum, all strains of N. brasiliensis and N. farcinica showed resistance to an aminoglycoside antibiotic, kanamycin A, showing the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of more than 100 μg/ml. This species‐specific difference in sensitivity was found to be explained by the production of an inactivation enzyme, aminoglycoside 3′‐phosphotransferase APH(3′). Structural studies by mass and NMR spectroscopy on the inactivated substance produced by a cell‐free extract of the Nocardia confirmed the conversion of kanamycin A to an inactive substance, kanamycin A 3′‐phosphate. The MIC values of N. otitidiscaviarum and N. nova for kanamycin A, on the other hand, ranged from 0.78 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml, and both species were non‐producers of APH(3′). Sensitivity to the antibiotic and APH(3′) productivity of N. asteroides varied depending on the strain.
Serological Studies on Leptospira Strain Ictero No. I Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Kobayashi Yuzuru , Sada Eiji , Tamai Tomonori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to elucidate the full serological characteristics of strain Ictero No. I, the first strain of Leptospira isolated by Inada and Ido in 1914, 17 monoclonal antibodies against the strain were produced by cell fusion technology. The antibody‐producing hybridomas were designated IMAs 1 to 17. The reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridomas were determined by the microscopic agglutination test. One of the 17 monoclonal antibodies, IMA 1, reacted with strains Ictero No. I, LT 1131 and Naam, but not with other strains of the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae including strain RGA used in the present study. Moreover, the reactivity of the antigenic determinant of IMA 1 was inactivated by treatment at 56 C for 30 min. The 16 other monoclonal antibodies, IMAs 2 to 17, showed different reaction patterns against Leptospira strains of the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. All of the 16 antibodies reacted with both Ictero No. I and RGA strains. The antigens against antibodies IMAs 2 to 17 were thermostable. The present study thus clarified the presence of a thermolabile antigen in strain Ictero No. I, and allowed correct distinction between the serotype of strain Ictero No. I and that of strain RGA using IMA 1. Therefore, we propose that strain Ictero No. I represents serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, as originally designated by Inada and Ido. Moreover, strain Ictero No. I should be designated as the type strain of Leptospira interrogans.
The Presence of Cis‐9,10‐Methylene Hexadecanoic Acid in Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Kanemasa Yasuhiro , Nagamachi Eiko , Shibuya Sei‐ichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe fatty acids of Yersinia enterocolitica were investigated by Abbas and Card. In their report, they stated that the major fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1, C17:0 and C18:1 and branched or cyclopropane side‐chain fatty acids could not be detected. We, however, found a moderate amount of cyclopropane side‐chain fatty acid. We could determine that this fatty acid was cis‐9, 10‐methylene hexadecanoic acid by gas‐liquid chromatography, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, silver‐nitrate‐treated TLC and PtO2 catalyzing hydrogenation method.