bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Helical Tomotherapy and MLC-based IMRT Radiation Modalities in Treating Brain and Cranio-spinal Tumors
Authors: Mavroidis Panayiotis , Ferreira Brigida Costa , Shi Chengyu , Delichas Miltiadis G. , Lind Bengt K. , Papanikolaou Nikos 
Published: October 2014

The investigation of the clinical efficacy and effectiveness of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) using Multileaf Collimators (MLC) and Helical Tomotherapy (HT) has been an issue of increasing interest over the past few years. In order to assess the suitability of a treatment plan, dosimetric criteria such as dose-volume histograms (DVH), maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of the dose distribution are typically used. Nevertheless, the radiobiological parameters of the different tumors and normal tissues are often not taken into account. The use of the biologically effective uniform dose (D̿) together with the complication-free tumor control probability ( P+) were applied to evaluate the two radiation modalities. Two different clinical cases of brain and cranio-spinal axis cancers have been investigated by developing a linac MLC-based step-and-shoot IMRT plan and a Helical Tomotherapy plan. The treatment plans of the MLC-based IMRT were developed on the Philips treatment planning station using the Pinnacle 7.6 software release while the dedicated Tomotherapy treatment planning station was used for the HT plan. With the use of the P+ index and the D̿ concept as the common prescription point, the different treatment plans were compared based on radiobiological measures. The tissue response probabilities were plotted against D̿ for a range of prescription doses. The applied plan evaluation method shows that in the brain cancer, the HT treatment gives slightly better results than the MLC-based IMRT in terms of optimum expected clinical outcome ( P+ of 66.1% and 63.5% for a D̿ to the PTV of 63.0 Gy and 62.0 Gy, respectively). In the cranio-spinal axis cancer, the HT plan is significantly better compared to the MLC-based IMRT plan over the clinically useful dose prescription range ( P+ of 84.1% and 28.3% for a D̿ to the PTV of 50.6 Gy and 44.0 Gy, respectively). If a higher than 5% risk for complications could be allowed, the complication-free tumor control could be increased by almost 30% compared to the initial dose prescription. In comparison to MLC based-IMRT, HT can better encompass the often large PTV while minimizing the volume of the OARs receiving high dose. A radiobiological treatment plan evaluation can provide a closer association of the delivered treatment with the clinical outcome by taking into account the dose-response relations of the irradiated tumors and normal tissues. The use of P — D̿ diagrams can complement the traditional tools of evaluation such as DVHs, in order to compare and effectively evaluate different treatment plans.
Dose Escalation Study with Two Different Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Techniques for Localized Prostate Cancer: Acute Toxicity
Authors: Zilli Thomas , Rouzaud Michel , Jorcano Sandra , Dipasquale Giovanna , Nouet Philippe , Toscas José Ignacio , Casanova Nathalie , Wang Hui , Escudé Lluìs , Mollà Meritxell , Linero Dolors , Weber Damien C. , Miralbell Raymond 
Published: October 2014

To assess acute gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with a sequential dose escalation hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) study using two different delivery methods. Since 2003, 88 and 48 patients were sequentially treated to 56 Gy and to 60 Gy (4 Gy/fraction twice weekly), respectively. IMRT with 6 MV beams was delivered with five fields in Geneva and with nine in Barcelona. Acute GI and GU side effects were scored weekly during treatment and 6 weeks after treatment completion using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity scale. Clinical, technical, and dosimetric parameters were analyzed in order to assess for a potential correlation with toxicity. Grade 1–2, GU and GI toxicities during and 6 weeks after treatment completion were 64%, and 24%, and 35% and 12%, respectively. Only one Grade 4 GU toxicity, consisting of transitory urinary obstruction, was observed. Patients treated to 60 Gy in Geneva presented a higher rate of Grade 1–2 GU toxicity ( p = 0.01), while patients treated to both 56 and 60 Gy in Barcelona presented a higher Grade 1–2 GI toxicity ( p = 0.02). A lower rate of rectal toxicity was observed in the subgroup of 22 patients treated with a rectal balloon ( p = 0.02). The use of androgen deprivation therapy was associated with a higher rate of Grade 1–2 GU toxicity after the end of the treatment ( p = 0.02). Dose escalation with either 14 × 4 Gy or 15 × 4 Gy delivered with two different IMRT techniques is feasible and is associated with a tolerable acute toxicity.
Sonography of Sports Injuries of the Hip
Authors: Dawes Aaron R. L. , Seidenberg Peter H. 
Published: October 2014

Context: Sports-related injuries of the hip are a common complaint of both competitive and recreational athletes of all ages. The anatomic and biomechanical complexity of the hip region often cause diagnostic uncertainty for the clinicians evaluating these injuries. Therefore, obtaining additional diagnostic information is often crucial for providing injured athletes with a prompt and accurate diagnosis so they can return to activity as soon as possible. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is becoming increasingly important in evaluating and treating sports-related injuries of the hip. Evidence Acquisition: The PubMed database was searched in May of 2013 for English-language articles pertaining to sonography of sports injuries of the hip using the following keywords in various combinations: musculoskeletal, ultrasound, hip, hip sonography, and sports. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Musculoskeletal ultrasound is currently being used for both diagnosis and treatment in a wide range of acute and chronic conditions affecting the hip, including tendinosis, tendon/muscle strains, ligamentous sprains, enthesopathies, growth plate injuries, fractures, bursitis, effusions, synovitis, labral tears, and snapping hip. Therapeutically, it is used to guide injections, aspirations, and biopsies. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal ultrasound use is expanding and will likely continue to do so as more clinicians realize its capabilities. Characteristics, including accessibility, portability, noninvasiveness, dynamic examination, power Doppler examination, and low cost highlight the potential of ultrasound.
‘It makes you think’ – exploring the impact of qualitative films on pain clinicians
Authors: Toye Francine , Jenkins Sue 
Published: October 2014

Background: Researchers need to consider the impact and utility of their findings. Film is an accessible medium for qualitative research findings and can facilitate learning through emotional engagement. Aim: We aimed to explore the usefulness of a short film presenting findings from a published qualitative synthesis of adults’ experience of chronic musculoskeletal pain for pain education. In particular, we were interested in the impact of the film on clinician’s understanding of patients’ experience of chronic pain and how this knowledge might be used for improved healthcare for people with pain. Methods: Focus groups with healthcare professionals enrolled in a pain management foundation course explored healthcare professionals’ experience of watching the film. A constructivist grounded theory approach was adopted by the researchers. Findings: This article presents one thematic exemplar from a wider study. Participants reflected upon the pitfalls of judging by appearances and the value of seeing the person beneath his or her performance. Conclusion: There is a danger that the impact of qualitative findings is under-valued in clinical education. We present one exemplar from a study exploring knowledge mobilisation, which demonstrates that qualitative research, specifically qualitative films, can make us think about the care that we provide to people with chronic pain.
Convergence theorems for continuous pseudocontractive mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Guo Weiping , Choi Min Seok , Cho Yeol Je 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we prove some strong and weak convergence theorems for continuous pseudocontractive mapping and a weak convergence theorem for nonexpansive mapping in real uniformly convex Banach spaces. As an application of the strong convergence theorem, we give an interesting example.
Cell-adhesive RGD peptide-displaying M13 bacteriophage/PLGA nanofiber matrices for growth of fibroblasts
Authors: Shin Yong Cheol , Lee Jong Ho , Jin Linhua , Kim Min Jeong , Oh Jin-Woo , Kim Tai Wan , Han Dong-Wook 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background

M13 bacteriophages can be readily fabricated as nanofibers due to non-toxic bacterial virus with a nanofiber-like shape. In the present study, we prepared hybrid nanofiber matrices composed of poly(lactic-
co
-glycolic acid, PLGA) and M13 bacteriophages which were genetically modified to display the RGD peptide on their surface (RGD-M13 phage).

Results
The surface morphology and chemical composition of hybrid nanofiber matrices were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to investigate the existence of M13 bacteriophages in RGD-M13 phage/PLGA hybrid nanofibers. In addition, the attachment and proliferation of three different types of fibroblasts on RGD-M13 phage/PLGA nanofiber matrices were evaluated to explore how fibroblasts interact with these matrices. SEM images showed that RGD-M13 phage/PLGA hybrid matrices had the non-woven porous structure, quite similar to that of natural extracellular matrices, having an average fiber diameter of about 190 nm. Immunofluorescence images and Raman spectra revealed that RGD-M13 phages were homogeneously distributed in entire matrices. Moreover, the attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts cultured on RGD-M13 phage/PLGA matrices were significantly enhanced due to enriched RGD moieties on hybrid matrices.

Conclusions
These results suggest that RGD-M13 phage/PLGA matrices can be efficiently used as biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
Attenuated transforming growth factor beta signaling promotes metastasis in a model of HER2 mammary carcinogenesis
Authors: Novitskiy Sergey V , Forrester Elizabeth , Pickup Michael W , Gorska Agnieszka E , Chytil Anna , Aakre Mary , Polosukhina Dina , Owens Philip , Yusupova Dilyara R , Zhao Zhiguo , Ye Fei , Shyr Yu , Moses Harold L 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) plays a major role in the regulation of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. It is depended on the type II TGFβ receptor (TβRII) for signaling. Previously, we have shown that deletion of TβRII in mammary epithelial of MMTV-PyMT mice results in shortened tumor latency and increased lung metastases. However, active TGFβ signaling increased the number of circulating tumor cells and metastases in MMTV-Neu mice. In the current study, we describe a newly discovered connection between attenuated TGFβ signaling and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) signaling in mammary tumor progression.

Methods
All studies were performed on MMTV-Neu mice with and without dominant-negative TβRII (DNIIR) in mammary epithelium. Mammary tumors were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of secreted proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Whole-lung mount staining was used to quantitate lung metastasis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were used to determine the relevance of our findings to human breast cancer.

Results
Attenuated TGFβ signaling led to a delay tumor onset, but increased the number of metastases in MMTVNeu/DNIIR mice. The DNIIR tumors were characterized by increased vasculogenesis, vessel leakage, and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). During DNIIR tumor progression, both the levels of CXCL1/5 and the number of CD11b+Gr1+ cells and T cells decreased. Analysis of TCGA datasets demonstrated a significant negative correlation between TGFBR2 and VEGF genes expression. Higher VEGFA expression correlated with shorter distant metastasis-free survival only in HER2+ patients with no differences in HER2-, estrogen receptor +/- or progesterone receptor +/- breast cancer patients.

Conclusion
Our studies provide insights into a novel mechanism by which epithelial TGFβ signaling modulates the tumor microenvironment, and by which it is involved in lung metastasis in HER2+ breast cancer patients. The effects of pharmacological targeting of the TGFβ pathway in vivo during tumor progression remain controversial. The targeting of TGFβ signaling should be a viable option, but because VEGF has a protumorigenic effect on HER2+ tumors, the targeting of this protein could be considered when it is associated with attenuated TGFβ signaling.
Focal adhesion kinase is required for synovial fibroblast invasion, but not murine inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Shelef Miriam A , Bennin David A , Yasmin Nihad , Warner Thomas F , Ludwig Thomas , Beggs Hilary E , Huttenlocher Anna 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Synovial fibroblasts invade cartilage and bone, leading to joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. However, the mechanisms that regulate synovial fibroblast invasion are not well understood. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has been implicated in cellular invasion in several cell types, and FAK inhibitors are in clinical trials for cancer treatment. Little is known about the role of FAK in inflammatory arthritis, but, given its expression in synovial tissue, its known role in invasion in other cells and the potential clinical availability of FAK inhibitors, it is important to determine if FAK contributes to synovial fibroblast invasion and inflammatory arthritis.

Methods
After treatment with FAK inhibitors, invasiveness of human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts was determined with Matrigel invasion chambers. Migration and focal matrix degradation, two components of cellular invasion, were assessed in FAK-inhibited rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts by transwell assay and microscopic examination of fluorescent gelatin degradation, respectively. Using mice with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced arthritis in which fak could be inducibly deleted, invasion and migration by FAK-deficient murine arthritic synovial fibroblasts were determined as described above and arthritis was clinically and pathologically scored in FAK-deficient mice.

Results
Inhibition of FAK in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts impaired cellular invasion and migration. Focal matrix degradation occurred both centrally and at focal adhesions, the latter being a novel site for matrix degradation in synovial fibroblasts, but degradation was unaltered with FAK inhibitors. Loss of FAK reduced invasion in murine arthritic synovial fibroblasts, but not migration or TNFα-induced arthritis severity and joint erosions.

Conclusions
FAK inhibitors reduce synovial fibroblast invasion and migration, but synovial fibroblast migration and TNFα-induced arthritis do not rely on FAK itself. Thus, inhibition of FAK alone is unlikely to be sufficient to treat inflammatory arthritis, but current drugs that inhibit FAK may inhibit multiple factors, which could increase their efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis.
Increased Mortality in Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Frisén Louise , Norrby Christina , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén , Almqvist Catarina , Nordenskjöld Agneta , Nordenström Anna 
Published: October 2014

Context:Reports on mortality in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are lacking.Objective:This study sought to study mortality and causes of death in CAH.Design, Setting, and Participants:We studied patients with CAH (21-hydroxylase deficiency, n = 588; CYP21A2 mutations known, &gt;80%), and compared them with controls (n = 58 800). Data were derived through linkage of national population-based registers.Main Outcome Measures:Mortality and causes of death.Results:Mean age of death was 41.2 ± 26.9 years in patients with CAH and 47.7 ± 27.7 years in controls (P &lt; .001). Among patients with CAH, 23 (3.9%) had deceased compared with 942 (1.6%) of controls. The hazard ratio (and 95% confidence interval) of death was 2.3 (1.2–4.3) in CAH males and 3.5 (2.0–6.0) in CAH females. Including only patients born 1952–2009, gave similar total results but only patients with salt wasting (SW) or with unclear phenotype had an increased mortality. The causes of death in patients with CAH were adrenal crisis (42%), cardiovascular (32%), cancer (16%), and suicide (10%). There were seven additional deaths in CAH individuals with incomplete or reused personal identification number that could not be analyzed using linkage of registers. Of the latter, all except one were deceased before the introduction of neonatal screening in 1986, and most of them in the first weeks of life, probably in an adrenal crisis.Conclusions:CAH is a potentially lethal condition and was associated with excess mortality due to adrenal crisis. The SW phenotype also seemed to have worse outcome in children and adults due to adrenal crisis and not only before the introduction of neonatal screening.
Encoding wide-field motion and direction in the central complex of the cockroach, Blaberous discoidalis
Authors: Kathman Nicholas D. , Kesavan Malavika , Ritzmann Roy E. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the arthropod brain, the central complex (CX) receives various forms of sensory signals and is associated with motor functions, but its precise role in behavior is controversial. The optomotor response is a highly conserved turning behavior directed by visual motion. In tethered cockroaches, 20% procaine injected into the CX reversibly blocked this behavior. We then used multichannel extracellular recording to sample unit activity in the CX in response to wide-field visual motion stimuli, moving either horizontally or vertically at various temporal frequencies. For the 401 units we sampled, we identified five stereotyped response patterns: tonically inhibited or excited responses during motion, phasically inhibited or excited responses at the initiation of motion, and phasically excited responses at the termination of motion. 67% of the units responded to horizontal motion, while only 19% responded to vertical motion. 38% of responding units were directionally selective to horizontal motion. Response type and directional selectivity were sometimes conditional with other stimulus parameters, such as temporal frequency. For instance, 16% of the units that responded tonically to low temporal frequencies responded phasically to high temporal frequencies. In addition, we found 26% of wide-field motion responding units showed a periodic response that was entrained to the temporal frequency of the stimulus. Our results show a diverse population of neurons within the CX that are variably tuned to wide-field motion parameters. Our behavioral data further suggest that such CX activity is required for effective optomotor responses.
Estimating Processing Times of Harvesters in Thinning Operations in Maine
Authors: Hiesl Patrick , Benjamin Jeffrey G. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Although harvester use in recent years has increased in Maine, in the past 25 years no productivity or cycle time information was made available for harvesters operating in Maine's softwood stands. In order to update regional production and cost models it was necessary to develop cycle time equations for harvesters. Time and motion studies of harvesters in thinning operations were conducted during the summer of 2012 at four harvest sites under a variety of stand and site conditions common to central Maine. Results show cycle time differences for harvesters based on stem size as well as hardwood and softwood species groupings. A linear mixed-effects model was developed to explain the influence of stem size and species on processing time. The combination of operator, machine, and site conditions was used as a random effect in this model, which explained 5 percent of data variance. The adjusted R2 for this model was 0.20, and the model was validated using two independent harvester time studies conducted in 2013. Validation results show that the developed model predicts total harvest time within 5 to 25 percent of the observed time. This model will allow for updated logging cost predictions by land managers and logging contractors, but it also clearly shows the effect of stem size on time consumption and subsequently on productivity.
Crossover Formation During Rice Meiosis Relies on Interaction of OsMSH4 and OsMSH5
Authors: Zhang Lei , Tang Ding , Luo Qiong , Chen Xiaojun , Wang Hongjun , Li Yafei , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
MSH4 encodes a MutS protein that plays a specialized role in meiosis. In eukaryotic species, such as budding yeast, mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Arabidopsis, msh4 mutants display meiotic defects with a reduced number of chiasmata. Here, we characterized rice MSH4 by map-based cloning. In Osmsh4 mutants, the chiasma frequency was dramatically decreased to ∼10% of the wild type, but the synaptonemal complex was normally installed. The double mutant analysis showed that in the Osmsh4 Osmsh5 mutant, the reduction of chiasmata was greater than other zmm mutants. This was consistent with the absence of localization for OsZIP4 and OsMER3 in Osmsh4 and suggests an earlier role for OsMSH4 and OsMSH5 than other ZMM proteins where they may be required to stabilize progenitor Holliday junctions. Using yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays, we verified the direct physical association between OsMSH4 and OsMSH5 and OsMSH5 and HEI10 in plants for the first time. The MSH4–MSH5 heterodimer has been demonstrated in mammals to stabilize the formation of progenitor and double Holliday junctions that may be resolved as crossovers (COs). We propose that OsMSH4 interacts with OsMSH5 to promote formation of the majority of COs in rice.