bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human–Nature Relationships in School Science: A Critical Discourse Analysis of a Middle‐Grade Science Textbook
Authors: SHARMA AJAY , BUXTON CORY A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTScience education has a central role to play in preparing a scientifically literate citizenry that is capable of understanding complex environmental challenges facing human societies and making well‐informed and evidence‐based decisions that help resolve these challenges. However, evidence suggests that most Americans are poorly equipped with the knowledge necessary for informed environmental action. In this study, we attempted to understand how the language of science textbooks works to represent the world for students in distinct ways that have serious implications for their ecological literacy. Using a methodological framework based on critical discourse analysis and systemic functional linguistics, we focused on clarifying the textual representations of the relationships between natural and social systems as portrayed in a seventh‐grade science textbook that is widely adopted in middle schools in Georgia, United States. Results indicate that this science textbook offers outdated representations of natural systems’ relationships with social systems and the role of human agency in these relationships. We discuss implications of these textual representations and call for reformed science textbooks that underscore the ecological embeddedness of the social world.
Let's Get Higher Scores on These New Assessments
Authors: Shanahan Timothy 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis column explains three ways that teachers can improve reading test performance. Basically, the idea is that instead of teaching students to respond to particular question types as is typical of test preparation despite the ineffectiveness of this practice, it is better to teach students to read the test passages more effectively. Three research‐proven ways to do this are teaching students to interpret word meanings through context, teaching them to reduce or breakdown sentences to make sense of their meanings, and teaching students to sustain effective silent reading for extended periods of time.
Production of tyrosine through phenylalanine hydroxylation bypasses the intrinsic feedback inhibition in Escherichia coli
Authors: Huang Jin , Lin Yuheng , Yuan Qipeng , Yan Yajun 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Tyrosine is a proteinogenic aromatic amino acid that is often used as a supplement of food and animal feed, as well as a (bio-)synthetic precursor to various pharmaceutically or industrially important molecules. Extensive metabolic engineering efforts have been made towards the efficient and cost-effective microbial production of tyrosine. Conventional strategies usually focus on eliminating intrinsic feedback inhibition and redirecting carbon flux into the shikimate pathway. In this study, we found that continuous conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine by the action of tetrahydromonapterin (MH4)-utilizing phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (P4H) can bypass the feedback inhibition in Escherichia coli, leading to tyrosine accumulation in the cultures. First, expression of the P4H from Xanthomonas campestris in combination with an MH4 recycling system in wild-type E. coli allowed the strain to accumulate tyrosine at 262 mg/L. On this basis, enhanced expression of the key enzymes associated with the shikimate pathway and the MH4 biosynthetic pathway resulted in the elevation of tyrosine production up to 401 mg/L in shake flasks. This work demonstrated a novel approach to tyrosine production and verified the possibility to alleviate feedback inhibition by creating a phenylalanine sink.
Leukodystrophy with multiple beaded periventricular cysts: unusual cranial MRI results in Canavan disease
Authors: Drenckhahn Anne , Schuelke Markus , Knierim Ellen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA 3‐year‐old boy was admitted with psychomotor delay, spasticity, progressive visual loss, nystagmus, macrocephaly, and epileptic seizures for diagnostics. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed leukodystrophy and multicystic changes. Urine excretion of N‐acetylaspartic acid was grossly increased, suggesting Canavan disease. Mutation screening of the ASPA gene confirmed this diagnosis. The underlying enzymatic defect causes accumulation of N‐acetylaspartic acid and subsequent progressive myelin degeneration with characteristic spongy degeneration of the subcortical white matter, normally only seen histologically. We describe this case to show that spongy degeneration in Canavan disease may also be present macroscopically in the form of multiple beaded periventricular cysts on cranial MRI.
Effect of Polyoxyethylene Chain Length on the Physicochemical Properties of N,N‐Dimethyl‐N‐dodecyl Polyoxyethylene Amine Oxide Hybrid Surfactants (C12EOnAO, with n = 1–4)
Authors: Cheng Hui , Zhang Huinian , Liu Xuefeng , Lin Mengchu , Qin Zhirong , Fang Yun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn order to determine the structure‐performance relationship of nonionic‐zwitterionic hybrid surfactants, N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐dodecyl polyoxyethylene (n) amine oxides (C12EOnAO) with different polyoxyethylene lengths (EOn, n = 1–4) were synthesized. For homologous C12EOnAO, it was observed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the maximum surface excess (Γm), CMC/C20, and the critical micelle aggregation number (Nm,c) decreased on going from 1 to 4 in EOn. However, there were concomitant increases in surface tension at the CMC (γCMC), minimum molecular cross‐sectional area (Amin), adsorption efficiency (pC20), and the polarity ([I1/I3]m) based on the locus of solubilization for pyrene. The values of log CMC and Nm,c decreased linearly with EOn lengthening from 1 to 4, although the impact of each EO unit on the CMC of C12EOnAO (n = 1–4) was much smaller than that typically seen for methylene units in the hydrophobic main chains of traditional surfactants. Compared to the structurally related conventional surfactant N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐dodecyl amine oxide (C12AO), C12EOnAO (n = 1–4) have smaller CMC, Amin, and CMC/C20, but larger pC20, Γm, and Nm,c with a higher [I1/I3]m. This may be attributed to the moderately amphiphilic EOn (n = 1–4) between the hydrophobic C12 tail and the hydrophilic AO head group.
Synthesis of Transesterified Palm Olein‐Based Polyol and Rigid Polyurethanes from this Polyol
Authors: Arniza Mohd Zan , Hoong Seng Soi , Idris Zainab , Yeong Shoot Kian , Hassan Hazimah Abu , Din Ahmad Kushairi , Choo Yuen May 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTransesterification of palm olein with glycerol can increase the functionality by introducing additional hydroxyl groups to the triglyceride structure, an advantage compared to using palm olein directly as feedstock for producing palm‐based polyol. The objective of this study was to synthesize transesterified palm olein‐based polyol via a three‐step reaction: (1) transesterification of palm olein, (2) epoxidation and (3) epoxide ring opening. Transesterification of palm olein yielded approximately 78 % monoglyceride and has an hydroxyl value of approximately 164 mg KOH g−1. The effect of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide concentrations on the epoxidation reaction was studied. The relationships between epoxide ring‐opening reaction time and residual oxirane oxygen content and hydroxyl value were monitored. The synthesized transesterified palm olein‐based polyol has hydroxyl value between 300 and 330 mg KOH g−1 and average molecular weight between 1,000 and 1,100 Da. On the basis of the hydroxyl value and average molecular weight of the polyol, the transesterified palm olein‐based polyol is suitable for producing rigid polyurethane foam, which can be designed to exhibit desirable properties. Rigid polyurethane foams were synthesized by substituting a portion of petroleum‐based polyol with the transesterified palm olein‐based polyol. It was observed that by increasing the amount of transesterified palm olein‐based polyol, the core density and compressive strength were reduced but at the same time the insulation properties of the rigid polyurethane foam were improved.
Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from residents and the environment in a long-term care facility
Authors: LUDDEN C. , BRENNAN G. , MORRIS D. , AUSTIN B. , O'CONNELL B. , CORMICAN M. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major public health concern associated with residence in a long-term care facility (LTCF). The aim of this prospective study was to characterize MRSA isolated from residents over a 1-year period and their physical environment over a 2-year period. MRSA was recovered from 17/64 residents (R) of a LTCF and from 42 environmental (E) sites. All isolates carried the mecA gene and lacked the mecC and Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Thirteen spa types were identified with t032 being the most frequent (41% of total; n = 8R, 16E), followed by t727 (22% of total; n = 13E), and t8783 (10% of total; n = 6E). Five spa types were each represented by single isolates. Thirty-nine isolates were of spa types associated with the multilocus sequence type ST22 (t032, 41%; spa-CC22, 68%) and reflect the predominance of ST22 in Irish hospitals. The uncommon spa types t727, t8783, t1372, t3130, t10038 were present in the environment but not detected in residents and are infrequently observed in Ireland.
Genetic moderation of interpersonal psychotherapy efficacy for low-income mothers with major depressive disorder: Implications for differential susceptibility
Authors: Cicchetti Dante , Toth Sheree L. , Handley Elizabeth D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGenetic moderation of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) efficacy for economically disadvantaged women with major depressive disorder was examined. Specifically, we investigated whether genotypic variation in corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) and the linked polymorphic region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) moderated effects of IPT on depressive symptoms over time. We also tested genotype moderation of IPT mechanisms on social adjustment and perceived stress. Non-treatment-seeking urban women at or below the poverty level with infants were recruited from the community (N= 126;Mage = 25.33 years,SD= 4.99; 54.0% African American, 22.2% Caucasian, and 23.8% Hispanic/biracial) and randomized to individual IPT or Enhanced Community Standard groups. The results revealed that changes in depressive symptoms over time depended on both intervention group and genotypes (5-HTTLPRandCRHR1). Moreover, multiple-group path analysis indicated that IPT improved depressive symptoms, increased social adjustment, and decreased perceived stress at posttreatment among women with the 0 copies of theCRHR1TAT haplotype only. Finally, improved social adjustment at postintervention significantly mediated the effect of IPT on reduced depressive symptoms at 8 months postintervention for women with 0 copies of the TAT haplotype only. Post hoc analyses of5-HTTLPRwere indicative of differential susceptibility, albeit among African American women only.
Polygenic Score × Intervention Moderation: An application of discrete-time survival analysis to modeling the timing of first tobacco use among urban youth
Authors: Musci Rashelle J. , Masyn Katherine E. , Uhl George , Maher Brion , Kellam Sheppard G. , Ialongo Nicholas S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe present study examines the interaction between a polygenic score and an elementary school-based universal preventive intervention trial. The polygenic score reflects the contribution of multiple genes and has been shown in prior research to be predictive of smoking cessation and tobacco use (Uhl et al., 2014). Using data from a longitudinal preventive intervention study, we examined age of first tobacco use from sixth grade to age 18. Genetic data were collected during emerging adulthood and were genotyped using the Affymetrix 6.0 microarray. The polygenic score was computed using these data. Discrete-time survival analysis was employed to test for intervention main and interaction effects with the polygenic score. We found a main effect of the intervention, with the intervention participants reporting their first cigarette smoked at an age significantly later than controls. We also found an Intervention × Polygenic Score interaction, with participants at the higher end of the polygenic score benefitting the most from the intervention in terms of delayed age of first use. These results are consistent with Belsky and colleagues' (e.g., Belsky, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2007; Belsky & Pleuss, 2009, 2013; Ellis, Boyce, Belsky, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2011) differential susceptibility hypothesis and the concept of “for better or worse,” wherein the expression of genetic variants are optimally realized in the context of an enriched environment, such as provided by a preventive intervention.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism influences the association of the methylome with maternal anxiety and neonatal brain volumes
Authors: Chen Li , Pan Hong , Tuan Ta Anh , Teh Ai Ling , MacIsaac Julia L. , Mah Sarah M. , McEwen Lisa M. , Li Yue , Chen Helen , Broekman Birit F. P. , Buschdorf Jan Paul , Chong Yap Seng , Kwek Kenneth , Saw Seang Mei , Gluckman Peter D. , Fortier Marielle V. , Rifkin-Graboi Anne , Kobor Michael S. , Qiu Anqi , Meaney Michael J. , Holbrook Joanna D. ,   The Gusto Study Group
Published: February 2015

AbstractEarly life environments interact with genotype to determine stable phenotypic outcomes. Here we examined the influence of a variant in the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene (Val66Met), which underlies synaptic plasticity throughout the central nervous system, on the degree to which antenatal maternal anxiety associated with neonatal DNA methylation. We also examined the association between neonatal DNA methylation and brain substructure volume, as a function ofBDNFgenotype. Infant, but not maternal,BDNFgenotype dramatically influences the association of antenatal anxiety on the epigenome at birth as well as that between the epigenome and neonatal brain structure. There was a greater impact of antenatal maternal anxiety on the DNA methylation of infants with the methionine (Met)/Met compared to both Met/valine (Val) and Val/Val genotypes. There were significantly more cytosine–phosphate–guanine sites where methylation levels covaried with right amygdala volume among Met/Met compared with both Met/Val and Val/Val carriers. In contrast, more cytosine–phosphate–guanine sites covaried with left hippocampus volume in Val/Val infants compared with infants of the Met/Val or Met/Met genotype. Thus, antenatal Maternal Anxiety ×BDNFVal66Met Polymorphism interactions at the level of the epigenome are reflected differently in the structure of the amygdala and the hippocampus. These findings suggest thatBDNFgenotype regulates the sensitivity of the methylome to early environment and that differential susceptibility to specific environmental conditions may be both tissue and function specific.
Strategic nutrition: a vision for the twenty-first century
Authors: Temple Norman J 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is now widely accepted that poor nutrition plays a major role in the epidemic of various diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. There has also been much research regarding the role of related factors such as advertising and food prices. Many intervention studies have been carried out where attempts have been made to persuade people to modify their behaviour, such as by making dietary changes, in order to enhance health (health promotion). There has also been much debate on the potential of government policy as a tool for achieving these goals. Various proposals have been made, such as a tax on sugary drinks, the redirection of food subsidies and how the salt content of food can be reduced. However, the great majority of previous papers have considered only single aspects of the topics discussed here. The present paper reviews strategies for improving public health, both health promotion interventions and the use of government policy approaches. Topics discussed include providing advice for the general population and the design of food guides and food labels. This leads to the conclusion that we need an overall strategy that integrates this diverse body of information and formulates a comprehensive action plan. I propose the term ‘strategic nutrition’. The implementation of this plan opens up a path to a major advance in public health.
High performance anode-supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells fabricated by a novel slurry-casting method
Authors: Duan Nan-Qi , Yan Dong , Chi Bo , Pu Jian , Jian Li 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTubular solid oxide fuel cells were fabricated and evaluated for their microstructure and electrochemical performance. The tubular substrate was prepared by casting NiO-Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) slurry on the inner wall of a plastic mold (tube). The wall thickness and uniformity were controlled by slurry viscosity and rotation speed of the tube. The cells consisted of Ni-YSZ functional anode, YSZ electrolyte and (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3-δ (LSM)-YSZ cathode prepared in sequence on the substrate by dip-coating and sintering. Their dimension was 50 mm in length, 0.8 mm in thickness and 10.5 mm in outside diameter. The peak power density of the cell at temperatures between 650 and 850°C was in the range from 85 to 522 mW cm−2 and was greatly enhanced to the range from 308 to 1220 mW cm−2 by impregnating PdO into LSM-YSZ cathode. During a cell testing at 0.7 A cm−2 and 750°C for 282 h, the impregnated PdO particles grew by coalescence, which increased the cathode polarization resistance and so that decreased the cell performance. According to the degradation tendency, the cell performance will be stabilized in a longer run.
Identifying anti-growth factors for human cancer cell lines through genome-scale metabolic modeling
Authors: Ghaffari Pouyan , Mardinoglu Adil , Asplund Anna , Shoaie Saeed , Kampf Caroline , Uhlen Mathias , Nielsen Jens 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHuman cancer cell lines are used as important model systems to study molecular mechanisms associated with tumor growth, hereunder how genomic and biological heterogeneity found in primary tumors affect cellular phenotypes. We reconstructed Genome scale metabolic models (GEMs) for eleven cell lines based on RNA-Seq data and validated the functionality of these models with data from metabolite profiling. We used cell line-specific GEMs to analyze the differences in the metabolism of cancer cell lines and to explore the heterogeneous expression of the metabolic subsystems. Furthermore, we predicted 85 antimetabolites that can inhibit growth of, or even kill, any of the cell lines, while at the same time not being toxic for 83 different healthy human cell types. 60 of these antimetabolites were found to inhibit growth in all cell lines. Finally, we experimentally validated one of the predicted antimetabolites using two cell lines with different phenotypic origins and found that it is effective in inhibiting the growth of these cell lines. Using immunohistochemistry, we also showed high or moderate expression levels of proteins targeted by the validated antimetabolite. Identified anti-growth factors for inhibition of cell growth may provide leads for the development of efficient cancer treatment strategies.
The Emergence of Dirac points in Photonic Crystals with Mirror Symmetry
Authors: He Wen-Yu , Chan C. T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe show that Dirac points can emerge in photonic crystals possessing mirror symmetry when band gap closes. The mechanism of generating Dirac points is discussed in a two-dimensional photonic square lattice, in which four Dirac points split out naturally after the touching of two bands with different parity. The emergence of such nodal points, characterized by vortex structure in momentum space, is attributed to the unavoidable band crossing protected by mirror symmetry. The Dirac nodes can be unbuckled through breaking the mirror symmetry and a photonic analog of Chern insulator can be achieved through time reversal symmetry breaking. Breaking time reversal symmetry can lead to unidirectional helical edge states and breaking mirror symmetry can reduce the band gap to amplify the finite size effect, providing ways to engineer helical edge states.
Low anti-staphylococcal IgG responses in granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients despite long-term Staphylococcus aureus exposure
Authors: Glasner Corinna , van Timmeren Mirjan M. , Stobernack Tim , Omansen Till F. , Raangs Erwin C. , Rossen John W. , de Goffau Marcus C. , Arends Jan P. , Kampinga Greetje A. , Koedijk Denny G. A. M. , Neef Jolanda , Buist Girbe , Tavakol Mehri , van Wamel Willem J. B. , Rutgers Abraham , Stegeman Coen A. , Kallenberg Cees G. M. , Heeringa Peter , van Dijl Jan Maarten 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChronic nasal carriage of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in patients with the autoimmune disease granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a risk factor for disease relapse. To date, it was neither known whether GPA patients show similar humoral immune responses to S. aureus as healthy carriers, nor whether specific S. aureus types are associated with GPA. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing humoral immune responses of GPA patients against S. aureus antigens in relation to the genetic diversity of their nasal S. aureus isolates. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 85 GPA patients and 18 healthy controls (HC). Humoral immune responses against S. aureus were investigated by determining serum IgG levels against 59 S. aureus antigens. Unexpectedly, patient sera contained lower anti-staphylococcal IgG levels than sera from HC, regardless of the patients' treatment, while total IgG levels were similar or higher. Furthermore, 210 S. aureus isolates obtained from GPA patients were characterized by different typing approaches. This showed that the S. aureus population of GPA patients is highly diverse and mirrors the general S. aureus population. Our combined findings imply that GPA patients are less capable of mounting a potentially protective antibody response to S. aureus than healthy individuals.
Astrometry of Galactic star-forming region IRAS 20126+4104 with VERA
Authors: Nagayama Takumi , Omodaka Toshihiro , Handa Toshihiro , Burns Ross A. , Chibueze James O. , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Sato Katsuhisa , Ueno Yuji , Shizugami Makoto 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We performed astrometric observations of IRAS 20126+4104 with the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). The measured parallax was 0.750 ± 0.092 mas, corresponding to a distance of $1.33^{+0.19}_{-0.15}\:$kpc. We found that IRAS 20126+4104 is located approximately 100 pc above the Galactic plane and moving further away from the Galactic plane with a velocity of approximately 16 ± 4 km s−1. This motion would be associated by common origin with the expanding motions of OB type-stars in the Cygnus superbubble.