bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress and Challenges of Monometallic Titanium Coordination Polymers
Authors: Du Yafei , Yan Qingqing , Wang Sujing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe realm of titanium coordination polymer research is still in its nascent stages and presents a formidable challenge in the field of coordination chemistry. In recent decades, the focus has predominantly been on manipulating titanium reactions in solution, resulting in the synthesis of ≈60 targeted compounds. Despite the limited number of documented instances, these materials showcase a diverse array of structures, encompassing 1D chains, 2D layers, and 3D frameworks. This suggests potential for fine‐tuning coordination modes and structural features in future investigations. Moreover, titanium coordination polymers not only exhibit photo‐active and photo‐responsive properties but also hold promise for various other significant applications. This article offers an exhaustive review tracing the evolution of titanium coordination polymer development while providing an update on recent advancements. The review encompasses a synopsis of reported synthetic strategies, methodologies, structural diversity, and associated applications. Additionally, it delves into critical issues that necessitate attention for future progressions and proposes potential avenues to effectively propel this research field forward at an accelerated pace.
Enhancing Localized Electron Density over Pd1.4Cu Decorated Oxygen Defective TiO2‐x Nanoarray for Electrocatalytic Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Tong Jiaxin , Tan Pengfei , Zhai Huanhuan , Lu Kuan , Lu Man , Tang Yu‐Feng , Liu Min , Liao Hanxiao , Xie Jianping , Pan Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrite (NO2−) reduction to ammonia (NH3) is a promising method for reducing pollution and aiding industrial production. However, progress is limited by the lack of efficient selective catalysts and ambiguous catalytic mechanisms. This study explores the loading of PdCu alloy onto oxygen defective TiO2‐x, resulting in a significant increase in NH3 yield (from 70.6 to 366.4 µmol cm−2 h−1 at −0.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) by modulating localized electron density. In situ and operando studies illustrate that the reduction of NO2− to NH3 involves gradual deoxygenation and hydrogenation. The process also demonstrated excellent selectivity and stability, with long‐term durability in cycling and 50 h stability tests. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate that the introduction of PdCu alloys further amplified electron density at oxygen vacancies (Ovs). Additionally, the Ti─O bond is strengthened as the d‐band center of the Ti 3d rising after PdCu loading, facilitating the adsorption and activation of *NO2. Moreover, the presence of Ovs and PdCu alloy lowers the energy barriers for deoxygenation and hydrogenation, leading to high yield and selectivity of NH3. This insight of controlling localized electron density offers valuable insights for advancing sustainable NH3 synthesis methods.
Graphene‐Infused Sustainable Rubber‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator For Real‐Time Human Motion Monitoring
Authors: Sharma Simran , Thapa Ankur , Pramanik Subhamay , Sengupta Chandan , Mondal Titash 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are promising alternatives for clean energy harvesting. However, the material utilization in the development of TENG relies majorly on polymers derived from non‐renewable resources. Therefore, minimizing the carbon footprint associated with such TENG development demands a shift toward usage of sustainable materials. This study pioneers using natural rubber (NR) as a sustainable alternative in TENG development. Infusing graphene in NR, its dielectric constant and tribonegativity are optimized, yielding a remarkable enhancement. The optimized sample exhibits a dielectric constant of 411 (at 103 Hz) and a contact potential difference (CPD) value of 1.85 V. In contrast, the pristine NR sample showed values of 6 and 3.06 V for the dielectric constant and CPD. Simulation and experimental studies fine‐tune the TENG's performance, demonstrating excellent agreement between theoretical predictions and practical studies. Sensors developed via stencil printing technique possess a remarkably low layer thickness of 270 µm, and boast a power density of 420 mW m−2, a staggering 250% increase over conventional NR. Moreover, the material is pressure sensitive, enabling precise real‐time human motion detection, including finger contact, finger bending, neck bending, and arm bending. This versatile sensor offers wireless monitoring, empowering healthcare monitoring based on the Internet of Things.
Synergistic Modulation of π–π* and n–π* Transitions by In Situ Phenol‐Like Structure Integration for Efficiently Wide‐Spectrum Hydrogen Production of Ultrathin Carbon Nitride
Authors: Li Jinqiao , Chen Lizheng , Chu Xuefeng , Ba Kaikai , Xie Tengfeng , Yan Wenfu , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2D carbon nitride nanosheets, exemplified by g‐C3N4, offers significant structural benefits and enhanced photocatalytic activity. Nonetheless, the quantum confinement effect prevalent in nanoscale photocatalysts would result in an enlarged bandgap, potentially restricting the spectral absorption range and impeding improvements in photocatalytic efficiency. Here, a high‐performance 2D photocatalyst with an extended spectral response is achieved by incorporating a novel phenol‐like structure into the conjugated framework of ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheet. This novel strategy features targeted pyrimidine doping to create a conjugated carbon zone in heptazine structure, offering a thermodynamically favorable pathway for hydroxyl functionalization during the annealing exfoliation process. Consequently, the π–π* transition energy in the material is significantly decreased, and the active lone pair electrons in phenol‐like structure induces a new n–π* transition with notably enhanced absorption from 500 to 650 nm. The optimized material shows a dramatic enhancement in photocatalytic activity, achieving ≈72 times than the activity of bulk g‐C3N4, and demonstrating a measurable H2 production rate of 6.57 µmol g−1 h−1 under 650 nm light. This study represents a significant step forward in the strategic design of 2D photocatalysts, with tailored electronic structures that significantly boost light absorption and photocatalytic efficiency.
Ag20 Nanoclusters with Surface Azides as an Easily Functionalized Platform for Diverse Chemical Applications
Authors: Stöckli Alexander H. , de Jong Johanna A. , Vega Verduga Carolina , Vogeler Nils H. , Hesari Mahdi , Boyle Paul D. , Corrigan John F. , Workentin Mark S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractModifying atomically precise nanocluster surfaces while maintaining the cluster core remains a key challenge. Herein, the synthesis, structure, and properties of two targeted Ag20 nanoclusters (NCs) with eight surface azide moieties, [CO3@Ag20(StBu)10(m‐N3‐C6H4COO)8(DMF)4] (1‐m) and [CO3@Ag20(StBu)10(p‐N3‐C6H4COO)8(DMF)4] (1‐p) are reported, where DMF is N,N‐dimethylformamide. These AgNCs are designed to undergo cluster surface strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CS‐SPAAC) reactions, introducing new functionality to the cluster surface. Reactivity is screened using model strained cyclooctynes. Reaction products and parent clusters are characterized by UV–vis, FT‐IR, and NMR spectroscopies. The structure of the parent clusters and presence of surface azides is confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Clusters 1‐m and 1‐p are found to be amenable to CS‐SPAAC reactions with retention of the NC frameworks, opening new routes for efficient modification of AgNC for applications.
Design standards for high‐performance liquid‐solid tubular triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Yudong , Ge Ying , Cao Xia , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiquid‐solid tubular triboelectric nanogenerators (LST‐TENGs) hold significant promise for environmental mechanical energy harvesting due to advantages such as low wear, long service life and simple fabrication. However, the lack of unified standards and norms of design leads the output performance still being lower than that of traditional solid‐solid TENGs. In this study, we first report a comprehensive set of standards for designing high‐performance LST‐TENGs based on several of the most critical factors, including the selection of triboelectric materials, the choice of motion modes, and the determination of structural parameters. Guided by the designing standards, the charge generation capability of LST‐TENGs is optimized and enhanced by over 100‐fold. The transferred charge can reach up to 3.4 μC, which is a new record for all kinds of LST‐TENGs. Notably, the practical application potential of design standards has been demonstrated in the actual harvesting of wave energy. This study establishes a fundamental design standard for designing high‐performance LST‐TENGs and holds excellent potential to accelerate the industrialization of TENGs.
Recent Advances in 1D Nanostructure Assembly and Direct Integration Methods for Device Applications
Authors: Cho Incheol , Ko Jiwoo , Henriquez Dionisio Del Orbe , Yang Daejong , Park Inkyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, 1D nanostructure‐based devices have achieved widespread usage in various fields, such as sensors, energy harvesters, transistors, and electrodes owing to their exceptional and distinct properties. The pioneering work of Dr. R. S. Wagner at Bell Laboratories in 1964 introduced the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) process, a powerful synthesis method. Since then, numerous synthesis techniques, including sol–gel, hydrothermal, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and more, have been developed. These methods have enabled researchers to effectively control the shape (length and diameter) and material properties of nanowires. However, it was only about two decades ago that nanowires started to be widely utilized as key components in functional devices, primarily due to the lack of proper integration methods. Although dozens of integration techniques have been developed, none have emerged as a predominant choice, with each method presenting its own set of advantages and limitations. Therefore, this work aims to categorize these methods based on their working principles and provide a comprehensive summary of their pros and cons. Additionally, state‐of‐the‐art devices that capitalize on the integration of 1D nanomaterials are introduced.
O‐Targeted Carbon Hybrid Orbital Conversion to Produce sp2‐Rich Closed Pores for Sodium‐Storage Hard Carbon
Authors: Qian Yong , Tian Jinwei , Pan Lingbo , Lin Ning 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiomass‐based hard carbon has the advantages of a balanced cost and electrochemical performance, making it the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. However, due to the structural limitations of biomass (such as macropores and impurities), it still faces the problems of low specific capacity and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Herein, an integrated strategy of biomass liquefaction and oxidation treatment is proposed to fabricate hard carbon with low ash content and sp2‐rich closed pores. Specifically, liquefaction treatment can break through the inherent constraints of biomass, while oxidation treatment with O‐targeted effect can directionally convert C─C/C─O bonds into C═O/O═C─O bonds, which would promote the formation of closed pores and the rearrangement into sp2‐carbon within the graphene layer. Moreover, it is well demonstrated that the hard carbon interface rich in sp2 hybridization can induce the generation of an inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interface, contributing to fast ion migration and excellent interfacial stability. As a result, the optimized hard carbon with maximum closed pore volume and sp2/sp3 ratio can exhibit a high capacity of 347.3 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 with the ICE of 90.5%, and a capacity of 110.4 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 after 10 000 cycles.
Does political conflict hurt immigration? Evidence from the South Korea–China THAAD dispute
Authors: Kim Hyoungchul , Lee Jongkwan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe estimate the impact of political conflict on immigration using economic sanctions imposed by China on South Korea as a natural experiment. Due to the deployment of the Terminal High‐Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system in South Korea in 2016 (in cooperation with the United States), China started a series of retaliatory actions that could potentially hurt immigration by increasing anti‐immigrant sentiment among Koreans. We use the synthetic control method and find no evidence suggesting a significant decline in the number of Chinese immigrants in South Korea. To explore the mechanism of this null effect, we also examine the impact of the dispute on attitudes toward China among Koreans and experiences of discrimination among Chinese people in South Korea. While negative perceptions of China greatly increased, experiences of discrimination did not increase. Taken together, this suggests that negative views of a country do not necessarily lead to a decrease in immigration from that country.
A novel time‐varying coefficient Poisson difference model driven by observation
Authors: Liu Ye , Wang Dehui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper studies a novel time‐varying coefficient integer‐valued time series model driven by observation. The model is suitable for modeling negative integer‐valued time series based on the Poisson difference distribution and extended binomial thinning operator. Main methods used to estimate the parameters are the conditional least squares (CLS) and conditional maximum likelihood (CML) methods. This paper also discusses the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimation results. Likelihood ratio tests are employed to examine the existence of covariate and observation. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the accuracy and stability of the model. Finally, a real data application is presented to demonstrate the usefulness and adaptability of this newly proposed model.
Shear and interface shear fatigue of semi‐precast slabs with lattice girders under cyclic loading
Authors: Hillebrand Matthias , Sinning Annkathrin , Hegger Josef 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMore and more often, semi‐precast reinforced concrete slabs with lattice girders are employed for industrial buildings or bridges, where they are exposed to high cycle fatigue loading. Despite research in recent years that has led to the formulation of an S–N curve for lattice girders, the effects of cyclic loading on semi‐precast slabs have not yet been sufficiently clarified. Moreover, research has so far been limited to single‐span slabs. The effects of continuous slab systems, which are mainly realized in buildings and bridges, cannot be considered in the calculation of fatigue resistance yet. To improve the fatigue design concept for shear and interface shear, theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted at the Institute of Structural Concrete, RWTH Aachen University. In addition to the fatigue behavior of 16 tests under cyclic loading, particular attention is paid to the increase in shear and interface shear resistance at the inner support of continuous slabs. Furthermore, the influences of the support detailing were investigated. The findings illustrate further potential for optimization of the design under cyclic loading.
Investigation the behavior of LWAC encased steel columns after exposure to elevated temperature
Authors: Al‐Talqani Noor Al‐Huda , Al‐Thairy Haitham 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on the behavior of eccentrically loaded lightweight aggregate concrete encased steel (LWACES) columns after exposing to elevated temperatures. Sixteen concrete encased steel (CES) columns were considered in the study, 12 of which were exposed to elevated temperature then eccentrically loaded up to failure at different eccentricity ratios. The effect of temperature on the load–displacement relationships, failure load, and failure modes of the concrete encased steel (CES) columns was monitored and evaluated. Experimental results have shown that as the temperature increases, the load bearing capacity of the CES columns decreased. It has also been showed that, at high temperature, the normal‐weight concrete encased steel (NWCES) columns experienced larger degradation of the load bearing capacity compared to that of LWACES columns. Also, this study presents a numerical simulation of the behavior of LWACES columns at elevated temperatures with eccentric compressive load. The numerical model was implemented in conducting parametric study to understand the effect of temperature distribution, concrete cover, eccentricity ratio, and high temperature levels on the behavior of the thermally exposed (CES) columns. Numerical results have revealed that, at temperature value of 500°C, the ultimate capacity of LWACES with eccentricity ratios of 0.75, and 1 has decreased by 17%, and 23%, respectively, compared to that of the column with eccentricity ratio of 0.5.
Enhanced IGF‐IIRα Expression Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Cardiac Inflammation, Hypertrophy, and Apoptosis Through Calcineurin Activation
Authors: Boonha Khwanchit , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Tsai Bruce Chi‐Kang , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Lin Kuan‐Ho , Lu Shang‐Yeh , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Yang Liang‐Yo , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTCardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and has a high prevalence. Insulin‐like growth factor‐II receptor α (IGF‐IIRα) acts as a stress‐inducible negative regulator. This study focused on the substantial impact of heightened expression of IGF‐IIRα in cardiac myoblasts and its association with the exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced H9c2 cardiac myoblasts as a model for sepsis, we aimed to elucidate the molecular interactions between IGF‐IIRα and LPS in exacerbating cardiac injury. Our findings demonstrated a synergistic induction of cardiac inflammation and hypertrophy by LPS stimulation and IGF‐IIRα overexpression, leading to decreased cell survival. Excessive calcineurin activity, triggered by this combined condition, was identified as a key factor exacerbating the negative effects on cell survival. Cellular changes such as cell enlargement, disrupted actin filaments, and upregulation of hypertrophy‐related and inflammation‐related proteins contributed to the overall hypertrophic and inflammatory responses. Overexpression of IGF‐IIRα also exacerbated apoptosis induced by LPS in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. Inhibiting calcineurin in LPS‐treated H9c2 cardiac myoblasts with IGF‐IIRα overexpression effectively reversed the detrimental effects, reducing cell damage and mitigating apoptosis‐related cardiac mechanisms. Our study suggests that under sepsis‐like conditions in the heart with IGF‐IIRα overexpression, hyperactivation of calcineurin worsens cardiac damage. Suppressing IGF‐IIRα and calcineurin expression could be a potential intervention to alleviate the impact of the illness and improve cardiac function.
Developmental three‐dimensional examination of the pelvic cavity of Hamdani crossbred sheep fetuses (Ovis aries) in the last two periods of gestation
Authors: İşbilir Fatma , Güzel Barış Can 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTürkiye is a country in the world ranking in terms of sheep breeding. Hamdani crossbred sheep breed is one of the sheep breeds that can adapt to the difficult conditions in our country. In addition, the sentence may be corrected as ‘Especially in the southeastern part of the Türkiye, crossbreeding is preferred by breeders to increase the yield characteristics of sheep’.ObjectivesIn our study, it was aimed to perform a pelvimetric analysis of Hamdani crossbred sheep fetuses in the second and third trimesters by three‐dimensional modelling method.MethodsFor this purpose, a total of 40 second‐trimester (10 females, 10 males) and third‐trimester (10 females, 10 males) fetuses were used. The pelvises of the fetuses were imaged with CT and 3D models were created. Sixteen pelvimetric measurements were performed from the models. The results obtained were evaluated statistically.ResultsThe study found statistically significant differences between male and female fetuses in terms of vertical diameter (VD) and foramen obturatum width (FOW) measurement parameters in the second trimester. In the third trimester, there were statistically significant differences between genders in acetabulum (AC) (p < 0.01), medial ischial tuberosities (MIT), and ischiatic arch (IA) (p < 0.05) parameters. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was determined that the pelvis length (PL) measurement parameter was positively correlated with different parameters in varying degrees in both periods, while the IA parameter did not show significant correlations with the other parameter in the last two periods of pregnancy.ConclusionIn conclusion, the data obtained will be useful in pelvimetric evaluations of human and animal fetuses, anatomy education, zooarchaeology and taxonomy studies.
Polymer–drug and polymer–protein conjugated nanocarriers: Design, drug delivery, imaging, therapy, and clinical applications
Authors: Guo Haochen , Mi Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolymer–drug conjugates and polymer–protein conjugates have been pivotal in the realm of drug delivery systems for over half a century. These polymeric drugs are characterized by the conjugation of therapeutic molecules or functional moieties to polymers, enabling a range of benefits including extended circulation times, targeted delivery, controlled release, and decreased immunogenicity. This review delves into recent advancements and challenges in the clinical translations and preclinical studies of polymer–drug conjugates and polymer–protein conjugates. The design principles and functionalization strategies crucial for the development of these polymeric drugs were explored followed by the review of structural properties and characteristics of various polymer carriers. This review also identifies significant obstacles in the clinical translation of polymer–drug conjugates and provides insights into the directions for their future development.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Final state rescattering effects in axio-hadronic η and η′ decays
Authors: Alves Daniele S. M. , Gonzàlez-Solís Sergi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It has been long-understood that final state rescattering effects provide $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) corrections to hadronic meson decays rates, such as η → πππ and η′ → ηππ. Hence, one would expect that such effects would be just as important in axio-hadronic η and η′ decays, such as η(′) → ππa, where a is an axion or axion-like particle (ALP). And indeed they are, as we show in this paper by using the treatment of dispersion relations to include the effects of strong final state interactions in several axio-hadronic processes, namely, η(′) → π0π0a, η(′) → π+π−a, and η′ → ηπ0a. We also compute the perturbative, leading order decay rates for multiple ALP emission, such as in η(′) → π0aa, η′ → ηaa and η(′) → aaa, and briefly discuss the expected corrections from strong interactions and the processes that must be considered for an accurate rate estimation of these multi-ALP decay channels.