bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood
Authors: Su Shaoyong , Wang Xiaoling , Pollock Jennifer S. , Treiber Frank A. , Xu Xiaojing , Snieder Harold , McCall W. Vaughn , Stefanek Michael , Harshfield Gregory A. 
Published: April 2015

Background—
The purposes of this study were to assess the long-term effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on blood pressure (BP) trajectories from childhood to young adulthood and to examine whether this relation is explained by childhood socioeconomic status (SES) or risk behaviors that are associated with ACEs.

Methods and Results—

Systolic and diastolic BPs were measured up to 16 times (13 times on average) over a 23-year period in 213 African Americans and 181 European Americans 5 to 38 years of age. Retrospective data on traumatic experiences before 18 years of age were collected, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Individual growth curve modeling within a multilevel framework was used to examine the relation between exposure to ACEs and BP development. No main effect of ACEs on average BP levels was found. However, a significant interaction of ACE score with age
3
was observed (systolic BP,
P
=0.033; diastolic BP,
P
=0.017). Subjects who experienced multiple traumatic events during childhood showed a faster rise in BP levels after 30 years of age than those without ACEs. As expected, a graded association of ACEs with childhood socioeconomic status and negative health behaviors was observed (
P
<0.001). The ACE–systolic BP relation was not explained by these factors, whereas the ACE–diastolic BP relation was partially mediated by illicit drug use.

Conclusion—
In this novel longitudinal study, we observed that participants who were exposed to multiple ACEs displayed a greater increase in BP levels in young adulthood compared with their counterparts without ACEs.
Hemorrhage Rates From Brain Arteriovenous Malformation in Patients With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Kim Helen , Nelson Jeffrey , Krings Timo , terBrugge Karel G. , McCulloch Charles E. , Lawton Michael T. , Young William L. , Faughnan Marie E. ,   BVMC HHT Investigator Group, Chakinala Murali , Gossage James R. , Henderson Katharine , Iyer Vivek , Kasthuri Raj , Lin Doris , Mager Johannes Jurgen , McWilliams Justin , McDonald Jamie , Pawlikowska Ludmila , Pollak Jeffrey , Ratjen Felix , Swanson Karen , Vethanayagam Dilini , White Andrew , White Robert I. , Wilcox Pearce 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a systemic disease characterized by mucocutaneous telangiectasias, epistaxis, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) rates in this population are not well described. We report ICH rates and characteristics in HHT patients with brain AVMs (HHT-BAVMs).

Methods—
We studied the first 153 HHT-BAVM patients with follow-up data enrolled in the Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT Project. We estimated ICH rates after BAVM diagnosis.

Results—

The majority of patients were women (58%) and white (98%). The mean age at BAVM diagnosis was 31±19 years (range, 0–70), with 61% of cases diagnosed on asymptomatic screening. Overall, 14% presented with ICH; among symptomatic cases, 37% presented ruptured. During 493 patient-years of follow-up, 5 ICH events occurred yielding a rate of 1.02% per year (95% confidence interval, 0.42–2.44%). ICH-free survival differed significantly by ICH presentation (
P
=0.003); ruptured cases had a higher ICH rate (10.07%; 95% confidence interval, 3.25–31.21%) than unruptured cases (0.43%; 95% confidence interval, 0.11–1.73%).

Conclusions—
Patients with HHT-BAVM who present with hemorrhage are at a higher risk for rehemorrhage compared with patients with BAVM detected presymptomatically.
Twelve-Month Clinical and Quality-of-Life Outcomes in the Interventional Management of Stroke III Trial
Authors: Palesch Yuko Y. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Tomsick Thomas A. , Foster Lydia D. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Khatri Pooja , Hill Michael D. , Jauch Edward C. , Jovin Tudor G. , Yan Bernard , von Kummer Rüdiger , Molina Carlos A. , Goyal Mayank , Schonewille Wouter J. , Mazighi Mikael , Engelter Stefan T. , Anderson Craig , Spilker Judith , Carrozzella Janice , Ryckborst Karla J. , Janis L. Scott , Simpson Annie , Simpson Kit N. , Broderick Joseph P. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Randomized trials have indicated a benefit for endovascular therapy in appropriately selected stroke patients at 3 months, but data regarding outcomes at 12 months are currently lacking.

Methods—
We compared functional and quality-of-life outcomes at 12 months overall and by stroke severity in stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator followed by endovascular treatment as compared with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator alone in the Interventional Management of Stroke III Trial. The key outcome measures were a modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 (functional independence) and the Euro-QoL EQ-5D, a health-related quality-of-life measure.

Results—

656 subjects with moderate-to-severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥8) were enrolled at 58 centers in the United States (41 sites), Canada (7), Australia (4), and Europe (6). There was an interaction between treatment group and stroke severity in the repeated measures analysis of modified Rankin Scale ≤2 outcome (
P
=0.039). In the 204 participants with severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥20), a greater proportion of the endovascular group had a modified Rankin Scale ≤2 (32.5%) at 12 months as compared with the intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator group (18.6%,
P
=0.037); no difference was seen for the 452 participants with moderately severe strokes (55.6% versus 57.7%). In participants with severe stroke, the endovascular group had 35.2 (95% confidence interval: 2.1, 73.3) more quality-adjusted-days over 12 months as compared with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator alone.

Conclusions—
Endovascular therapy improves functional outcome and health-related quality-of-life at 12 months after severe ischemic stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00359424.
Anthurium carrasquillanum (Araceae), a new species of section Decurrentia from Panama
Authors: Ortiz Orlando Oriel , Croat Thomas 
Published: April 2015

Anthurium Schott (1829: 828) is a monophyletic and neotropical genus, which is present from Mexico to Argentina (Croat 1986, Carlsen & Croat 2013). The genus is estimated by ca. 1500 species in the Neotropics (Boyce & Croat 2012), including 250 that are present in Central America, where the greatest diversity is found in Panama and Costa Rica (Croat 1986). In the Revision of Anthurium for Panama (Croat 1986), 16 sections are recognized. Croat et al. (2005) described a new section of the genus, called Decurrentia Croat (2005: 14), which includes A. decurrens Poeppig & Endlicher (1845: 83) and A. pittieri Engler (1898: 372). The latter species are present in Panama and Costa Rica (Croat 1986) and were previously classified within Section Oxycarpium Schott (1860: 450) based on the work of Schott (1860) and Engler (1905). The Decurrentia section is mainly characterized by short internodes, elongate petioles and epunctate leaf blades with an acute base. There are currently 46 species in section Decurrentia but some of the species are as yet unpublished.
A model for managing the mentally ill fixated person at major events
Authors: Pathé Michele T , Haworth Debbie J , Lowry Timothy J , Webster Danae M , Winterbourne Paul , Mulder Melodie J , Emmerson Brett 
Published: April 2015

Objective: The main risk of serious harm at major public figure gatherings comes not from terrorists or criminal activity but from fixated persons, many of whom have a serious mental illness. This paper reviews a collaborative mental health-police diversionary model for assessing and managing mentally ill individuals who attend major events because of their fixation on a dignitary or some idiosyncratic cause. Method: We examine the role of a multidisciplinary fixated threat assessment service during the pre-operational, operational and post-operational phases of major events in Queensland in 2014, including the G20 World Leaders’ Summit. The benefits and challenges of this unique approach are reviewed. Results: The royal visit and G20 Finance Ministers’ Meeting presented opportunities for the Queensland Fixated Threat Assessment Centre to develop and refine its approach to assessing and managing the threat posed by fixated persons at such events. Based on this experience, we also developed a typology to assist in the assessment of mentally ill people who present at public figure gatherings. In the week prior to the G20 Summit, six fixated people required hospitalisation for acute psychosis. A further 18 cases were identified during the event, one of whom was an involuntary patient whose leave from hospital was revoked as a consequence of his concerning behaviour at one of the G20 venues. There were no other admissions to hospital during the event, but in the remaining cases, where indicated, follow-up was arranged through the treating mental health service or general practitioner. There were no disruptive incidents involving fixated individuals during the G20. Conclusion: This novel diversionary model for assessing and intervening with concerning, fixated persons at major events proved effective in mitigating the risk posed by these individuals. It also highlighted the need for police, security and mental health services to consider the fixated in major event planning, for the safety of the event, the public and vulnerable mentally ill, fixated persons.
Operative Treatment for Fourth Curly Toe Deformity in Adults
Authors: Choi Jun Young , Park Hyun Joo , Suh Jin Soo 
Published: April 2015

Background: Curly toe deformity, a relatively common condition, occurs because of contracture of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor digitorum brevis. Numerous operative techniques have been introduced for treatment. However, there are no reports on fixed, longstanding deformity in adults. Methods: Data on 32 toes in 24 consecutive patients treated from 2003 to 2013 who underwent dorsolateral closing wedge-shaped resection arthroplasty for fourth curly toe deformity with a minimum 1-year follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. The mean follow-up period was 49 months. All patients presented preoperatively with a fixed deformity, underriding the adjacent toe. Combined surgeries were performed in 17 cases. Results: Of 32 toes, fixed deformity presented more frequently at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, and resection at the PIP joint level was performed in 19 cases as opposed to 13 at the distal interphalangeal joint. The mean corrections of varus inclination and shortening were 31 ± 16 degrees and 3.1 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scores significantly improved from 50 ± 2 preoperatively to 89 ± 8 at the final follow-up. There was 1 case of recurrence, floating toe deformity following pin tract infection in 1 case, and floating toe deformity without infection in 1 case. Conclusion: We introduced dorsolateral closing wedge-shaped resection arthroplasty as a simple, effective, and powerful option for treating fixed, longstanding fourth curly toe deformity in adults. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Submucosal invasion and risk of lymph node invasion in early Barrett's cancer: potential impact of different classification systems on patient management
Authors: Fotis Dimitrios , Doukas Michael , Wijnhoven Bas PL , Didden Paul , Biermann Katharina , Bruno Marco J , Koch Arjun D 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundDue to the high mortality and morbidity rates of esophagectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is increasingly used for the curative treatment of early low risk Barrett's adenocarcinoma.ObjectiveThis retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the prevalence of lymph node metastases (LNM) in submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) in relation to the absolute depth of submucosal tumor invasion and demonstrate the efficacy of EMR for low risk (well and moderately differentiated without lymphovascular invasion) EAC with sm1 invasion (submucosal invasion ≤500 µm) according to the Paris classification.MethodsThe pathology reports of patients undergoing endoscopic resection and surgery from January 1994 until December 2013 at one center were reviewed and 54 patients with submucosal invasion were included. LNM were evaluated in surgical specimens and by follow up examinations in case of EMR.ResultsNo LNM were observed in 10 patients with sm1 adenocarcinomas that underwent endoscopic resection. Three of them underwent supplementary endoscopic eradication therapy with a median follow up of 27 months for patients with sm1 tumors. In the surgical series two patients (29%) with sm1 invasion according to the pragmatic classification (subdivision of the submucosa into three equal thirds), staged as sm2–3 in the Paris classification, had LNM. The rate of LNM for surgical patients with low risk sm1 tumors was 10% according to the pragmatic classification and 0% according to Paris classification.ConclusionDifferent classifications of the tumor invasion depth lead to different LNM risks and treatment strategies for sm1 adenocarcinomas. Patients with low risk sm1 adenocarcinomas appear to be suitable candidates for EMR.
Efficacy and safety of laparo‐endoscopic resections of colorectal neoplasia: A systematic review
Authors: Arezzo Alberto , Passera Roberto , Migliore Marco , Cirocchi Roberto , Galloro Giuseppe , Manta Raffaele , Morino Mario 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of laparo‐endoscopic local resections for colorectal lesions not suitable for endoscopic resection.Summary background dataThe combined laparo‐endoscopic approach has been proposed for large colorectal lesions unsuitable for endoscopic resection, in order to reduce morbidity of common laparoscopic resection. However, data on the efficacy and safety of laparo‐endoscopic local resections are still controversial.MethodsAn Embase search of papers published during the period 1985–2014 was performed. Published studies that evaluated laparo‐endoscopic resections for colorectal lesions were assessed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses) recommendations by two authors. Forest plots on primary (per‐lesion rate of further surgery, including surgery for complications and surgery for oncologic radical treatment) and secondary outcomes were produced based on fixed and random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic. Risk for within‐study bias was ascertained with QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) system.ResultsA total of 11 studies provided data on 707 lesions treated with a combined laparo‐endoscopic approach. A variety of techniques were reported. The overall per‐lesion rate of further surgery was 9.5%, while per‐lesion rate of further surgery for oncologic treatment was 7.9%, per‐lesion rate of further surgery for complications treatment was 3.5%, incidence of adenocarcinoma was 10.5%, incidence of overall complications was 7.9%, incidence of conversion to open surgery 4.3% and incidence of recurrence was 5.4%.ConclusionsDespite laparo‐endoscopic approach ensures limited invasiveness, it is affected by a consistent rate of complications and oncologic inadequacy that often requires further surgical treatment.
Follow-up imaging in the first two years after nephrectomy for T1 RCC: Over-use or necessary care?
Authors: Joshi Shreyas S , Sohn William S , Sun Daniel , Clark Peter E , Barocas Daniel A , Resnick Matthew J , Cookson Michael S , Smith Joseph A , Chang Sam S 
Published: April 2015

Objective: We sought to study patterns of imaging for follow-up after surgery for stage T1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at a single institution. We hypothesised that there would be significant variation in the use of surveillance imaging. Methods and materials: We evaluated the two-year follow-up of 317 consecutive patients undergoing radical or partial nephrectomy who were found to have pT1 RCC. Follow-up imaging data were collected. Surgical characteristics and tumour pathology data were analysed via a Poisson regression model to evaluate the incidence rate ratio for frequency of imaging based on each variable. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors correlated with concordance with current imaging guidelines. Results: A total of 1016 imaging exams were performed after surgery on 268 patients. These studies identified four tumour recurrences: two local and two lung. The overall recurrence rate was 1.49%. Three recurrences were found within a two-year postoperative window, and one was recorded on the patient’s last clinic note after two years. Of 66 imaging exams with findings suspicious for recurrence, 62 were found to be false positives. All statistical analyses on a subgroup of 162 patients with full two-year follow-up failed to demonstrate any correlation between clinicopathologic variables and the frequency of abdominal imaging or concordance with current imaging guidelines. Conclusions: Frequent follow-up imaging studies were obtained despite a low recurrence rate. There was a high rate of false-positive findings on routine exams. No clinicopathologic criteria were identified that were correlated with increased imaging frequency.
Modified Ham test for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Gavriilaki Eleni , Yuan Xuan , Ye Zhaohui , Ambinder Alexander J. , Shanbhag Satish P. , Streiff Michael B. , Kickler Thomas S. , Moliterno Alison R. , Sperati C. John , Brodsky Robert A. 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
GPI-anchor–deficient cell lines are more vulnerable to complement C5b-9 deposition and cell killing from aHUS serum. PIGA-null reagent cell lines can be used to rapidly and reliably distinguish aHUS from other thrombotic microangiopathies.
Predictions for optimal mitigation of paracrine inhibitory signalling in haemopoietic stem cell cultures
Authors: Berry Joseph D , Godara Pankaj , Liovic Petar , Haylock David N 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Recent studies in the literature have highlighted the critical role played by cell signalling in determining haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate within ex vivo culture systems. Stimulatory signals can enhance proliferation and promote differentiation, whilst inhibitory signals can significantly limit culture output.

Methods
Numerical models of various mitigation strategies are presented and applied to determine effectiveness of these strategies toward mitigation of paracrine inhibitory signalling inherent in these culture systems. The strategies assessed include mixing, media-exchange, fed-batch and perfusion.

Results
The models predict that significant spatial concentration gradients exist in typical cell cultures, with important consequences for subsequent cell expansion. Media exchange is shown to be the most effective mitigation strategy, but remains labour intensive and difficult to scale-up for large culture systems. The fed-batch strategy is only effective at very small Peclet number, and its effect is diminished as the cell culture volume grows. Conversely, mixing is effective at high Peclet number, and ineffective at low Peclet number. The models predict that cell expansion in fed-batch cultures becomes independent of increasing dilution rate, consistent with experimental results previously reported in the literature. In contrast, the models predict that increasing the flow rate in perfused cultures will lead to increased cell expansion, indicating the suitability of perfusion for use as an automated, tunable strategy. The effect of initial cell seeding density is also investigated, with the model showing that perfusion outperforms dilution for all densities considered.

Conclusions
The models predict that the impact of inhibitory signalling in HSC cultures can be mitigated against using media manipulation strategies, with the optimal strategy dependent upon the protein diffusion time-scale relative to the media manipulation time-scale. The key messages from this study can be applied to any complex cell culture scenario where cell-cell interactions and paracrine signalling networks impact upon cell fate and cell expansion.
Equine allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells elicit antibody responses in vivo
Authors: Pezzanite Lynn M , Fortier Lisa A , Antczak Douglas F , Cassano Jennifer M , Brosnahan Margaret M , Miller Donald , Schnabel Lauren V 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
This study tested the hypothesis that Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) incompatible equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) would induce cytotoxic antibodies to donor MHC antigens in recipient horses after intradermal injection. No studies to date have explored recipient antibody responses to allogeneic donor MSC transplantation in the horse. This information is critical because the horse is a valuable species for assessing the safety and efficacy of MSC treatment prior to human clinical application.

Methods
Six MHC heterozygote horses were identified as non-ELA-A2 haplotype by microsatellite typing and used as allogeneic MHC-mismatched MSC recipients. MHC homozygote horses of known ELA-A2 haplotype were used as MSC and peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) donors. One MHC homozygote horse of the ELA-A2 haplotype was the recipient of ELA-A2 donor MSCs as an MHC-matched control. Donor MSCs, which were previously isolated and immunophenotyped, were thawed and culture expanded to achieve between 30x106 and 50x106 cells for intradermal injection into the recipient’s neck. Recipient serum was collected and tested for the presence of anti-donor antibodies prior to MSC injection and every 7 days after MSC injection for the duration of the 8-week study using the standard two-stage lymphocyte microcytotoxicity dye-exclusion test. In addition to anti-ELA-A2 antibodies, recipient serum was examined for the presence of cross-reactive antibodies including anti-ELA-A3 and anti-RBC antibodies.

Results
All MHC-mismatched recipient horses produced anti-ELA-A2 antibodies following injection of ELA-A2 MSCs and developed a wheal at the injection site that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Anti-ELA-A2 antibody responses were varied both in terms of strength and timing. Four recipient horses had high-titered anti-ELA-A2 antibody responses resulting in greater than 80% donor PBL death in the microcytotoxicity assays and one of these horses also developed antibodies that cross-reacted when tested on lymphocyte targets from a horse with an unrelated MHC type.

Conclusions
Allogeneic MSCs are capable of eliciting antibody responses in vivo that can be strong and also cross-reactive with MHC types other than that of the donor. Such responses could limit the effectiveness of repeated allogeneic MSC use in a single horse, and could also result in untoward inflammatory responses in recipients.
The prion protein regulates beta-amyloid-mediated self-renewal of neural stem cells in vitro
Authors: Collins Steven J , Tumpach Carolin , Li Qiao-Xin , Lewis Victoria , Ryan Timothy M , Roberts Blaine , Drew Simon C , Lawson Victoria A , Haigh Cathryn L 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and the Aβ-oligomer receptor, prion protein (PrP), both influence neurogenesis. Using in vitro murine neural stem cells (NSCs), we investigated whether Aβ and PrP interact to modify neurogenesis. Aβ imparted PrP-dependent changes on NSC self-renewal, with PrP-ablated and wild-type NSCs displaying increased and decreased cell growth, respectively. In contrast, differentiation of Aβ-treated NSCs into mature cells was unaffected by PrP expression. Such marked PrP-dependent differences in NSC growth responses to Aβ provides further evidence of biologically significant interactions between these two factors and an important new insight into regulation of NSC self-renewal in vivo.