bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of acute, repeated dose 28-day and 13-week oral toxicity and genotoxicity of a standardized fraction (HemoHIM) from Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora
Authors: Kim Ju Gyeong , Bak Su-Bin , Kim Gyoung-Deuck , Choi Han-Sol , Kwon Da-Ae , Kim Ha-Young , Son Dong-Won , Jeong Jang-Hun , Lee Byung-Woo , An Hyo-Jin , Lee Hak Sung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHemoHIM is a functional food ingredient comprising a triple herbal combination of extracts from Angelica gigas Nakai, Cnidium officinale Makino, and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. It was developed to aid the recovery of impaired immune function. Although it is widely used to treat various immune disorders in Korea, its potential toxicity has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, a comprehensive study was conducted to assess the safety of HemoHIM, including acute oral dose toxicity, 28-day and 13-week repeated-dose toxicity, and genotoxicity. To evaluate its safety profile, the dose was increased to 2,000 mg/kg/day, which corresponds to the dose limit for acute toxicity as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Test Guideline 423. No abnormal findings were observed at the higher doses. For the 28-day and 13-week repeated-dose toxicity studies, HemoHIM was administered at doses of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/day to examine subchronic toxicity in male and female rats. No test item-related clinical signs or mortality was observed at any of the tested doses. Gross pathology, hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology evaluations further supported the safety of HemoHIM. Therefore, the NOAEL of HemoHIM was considered to be at 2,000 mg/kg/day for both sexes of rats. Bacterial reverse mutation tests, a chromosome aberration test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a mouse micronucleus test were conducted to determine the genotoxicity of HemoHIM, which revealed that HemoHIM was non-mutagenic and non-clastogenic. Collectively, these findings provide valuable evidence to support the safe use of HemoHIM as a functional food ingredient.
Challenges with developing and deploying AI models and applications in industrial systems
Authors: Sinha Sudhi , Lee Young M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe adoption of artificial intelligence into industrial settings promises notable enhancements in productivity, quality, efficiency, competitiveness, and innovations. However, transitioning AI models from concept to full-scale industrial applications involves various complexities and challenges. These challenges are not only technical but also extend into the ethical and regulatory realms, calling for a comprehensive approach to AI integration. This paper examines the diverse hurdles faced during developing and deploying AI applications in the industrial domain. It addresses challenges in collecting the right data, construction of AI models, and ensuring that these models work accurately and responsibly when deployed in real industrial environment. Furthermore, the paper presents strategic recommendations, underscoring the necessity of ethical considerations and regulatory compliance to effectively overcome these obstacles. We provide guidelines aimed at maximizing AI's benefits in industrial environments while minimizing potential risks.
Enhancing inundation monitoring of road networks using crowdsourced flood reports
Authors: Esparza Miguel , Farahmand Hamed , Liu Xueming , Mostafav Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the risk of flooding continues to impose on transportation infrastructure systems, enhancing the ability to monitor flood inundations in road networks becomes more significant. This research explores the potential crowdsourced data, specifically 3-1-1 reports, has to complement information from physical flood sensors. Three flooding events in two watersheds in Harris County, Texas were studied. To assess 3-1-1 report's capabilities, a time series analysis between reports and water elevation of physical sensor data was performed to capture channel overflow. Next, a graph-based observability analysis identified multiple combinations of minimum additional sensor locations needed for complete network monitoring in the study area. To find the optimal combination, a principal component analysis assigns a criticality score based on exposure, road importance, neighborhood vulnerability, and frequency of 3-1-1 reports near a node. The results indicate that 3-1-1 reports effectively improve flood monitoring by reducing the need for physical sensors by 32% in areas that lack flood sensors. This approach can help city managers improve flood monitoring by leveraging socially sensed data to supplement physical sensors, especially in blind spots where no flood gauge exists.
Exploring Uncertainty of Trends in the North Pacific Jet Position
Authors: Keel Tom , Brierley Chris , Edwards Tamsin , Frame Thomas H. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt has been difficult to establish trends in the observed jet streams, despite modeling studies suggesting they will move polewards in a warming world. While this is partly due to biases between the models and observations, we propose that another uncertainty is rooted in the choice of statistic used to determine the ‘jet latitude’ — one measure used to quantify the jet position. We use seven different jet latitude statistics, four climate reanalysis products, and CMIP6 simulations to assess the relative importance of different uncertainties associated with lower‐tropospheric North Pacific Jet (NPJ) trends. Our results show a statistically significant poleward trend in the observed winter NPJ across all reanalyzes and using all jet latitude statistics. The magnitude of this trend is most sensitive to the choice of statistic. Furthermore, we find that the NPJ shifts poleward in Autumn under high emission scenarios, which is robust to the choice of jet statistic.
A multifunctional mesoporous silica drug delivery nanosystem that ameliorates tumor hypoxia and increases radiotherapy efficacy
Authors: Chu Yanhong , Wang LiFeng , Ke Yaohua , Feng Xiaoyu , Rao Wenmei , Ren Wei , Xin Kai , Wang Yan , Yu Lixia , Liu Baorui , Liu Qin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a widely used treatment with strong therapeutic effects, but overcoming challenges related to hypoxia-induced tumor resistance and ineffective antitumor immune responses is crucial for optimal outcomes. In this study, we developed a versatile nanosystem using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), R837, and a small quantity of manganese peroxide (Mn/ZnO2). The synthesized MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO2 nanoparticles exhibited precise tumor targeting and accumulation, controlled drug release under acidic conditions, and increased sensitivity in magnetic resonance imaging. These attributes collectively augmented the therapeutic efficacy of RT by alleviating hypoxia and immunosuppression. Tumor cells treated with RT combined with these nanoparticles displayed reduced oxidative stress, alleviated hypoxia, and normalized blood vessel formation. Notably, all mice in the RT + PD-1 + MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO2 group achieved complete tumor regression with extended survival. Safety assessments confirmed the absence of MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO2 toxicity, highlighting its potential as a promising approach with dual functionality for the diagnostic imaging and treatment of cancer.
Uniparental maternal tetrasomy X co-occurrence with paternal nondisjunction: investigation of the origin of 48,XXXX
Authors: Shimojima Yamamoto Keiko , Yamamoto Sakurako , Imaizumi Taichi , Kumada Satoko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tetrasomy X or 48,XXXX is a rare sex chromosome aneuploidy. The parental origin of tetrasomy X in a female patient with developmental delay was analyzed; all four X chromosomes were derived from the mother, and there were no paternally derived sex chromosomes. This finding indicates a rare incidental co-occurrence of maternal and paternal nondisjunction or polysomy rescue. The mechanism of 48,XXYY, which is related to developmental delay in males, was analyzed for comparison.
Absolute cardiovascular risk assessment using ‘real world’ clinic blood pressures compared to standardized unobserved and ambulatory methods: an observational study
Authors: Chapman Niamh , Jayasinghe Senali , Moore Myles N. , Picone Dean S. , Schultz Martin G. , Jose Matthew D. , McCallum Roland W. , Armstrong Matthew K. , Peng Xiaoqing , Marwick Thomas H. , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Dwyer Nathan B. , Black J. Andrew , Nelson Mark R. , Sharman James E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClinic blood pressure (BP) is recommended for absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. However, in ‘real-world’ settings, clinic BP measurement is unstandardised and less reliable compared to more rigorous methods but the impact for absolute CVD risk assessment is unknown. This study aimed to determine the difference in absolute CVD risk assessment using real-world clinic BP compared to standardised BP methods. Participants were patients (n = 226, 59 ± 15 years; 58% female) with hypertension referred to a BP clinic for assessment. ‘Real-world’ clinic BP was provided by the referring doctor. All participants had unobserved automated office BP (AOBP) and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) measured at the clinic. Absolute CVD risk was calculated (Framingham) using systolic BP from the referring doctor (clinic BP), AOBP and ABPM, with agreement assessed by Kappa statistic. Clinic systolic BP was 18 mmHg than AOBP and daytime ABPM and 22 mmHg higher than 24-h ABPM (p < 0.001). Subsequently, absolute CVD risk scores using clinic BP were higher compared to AOBP, daytime ABPM and 24-h ABPM (10.4 ± 8.1%, 7.8 ± 6.4%, 7.8 ± 6.3%, and 7.3 ± 6.1%, respectively, P < 0.001). As a result, more participants were classified as high CVD risk using clinic BP (n = 89, 40%) compared with AOBP (n = 44, 20%) daytime ABPM (n = 38, 17%) and 24-h ABPM (n = 38, 17%) (p < 0.001) with weak agreement in risk classification (κ = 0.57[0.45–0.69], κ = 0.52[0.41–0.64] and κ = 0.55[0.43–0.66], respectively). Real-world clinic BP was higher and classified twice as many participants at high CVD risk compared to AOBP or ABPM. Given the challenges to high-quality BP measurement in clinic, more rigorous BP measurement methods are needed for absolute CVD risk assessment.
High-sensitivity in situ capture of endogenous RNA-protein interactions in fixed cells and primary tissues
Authors: Liang Qishan , Yu Tao , Kofman Eric , Jagannatha Pratibha , Rhine Kevin , Yee Brian A. , Corbett Kevin D. , Yeo Gene W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have pivotal functions in RNA metabolism, but current methods are limited in retrieving RBP-RNA interactions within endogenous biological contexts. Here, we develop INSCRIBE (IN situ Sensitive Capture of RNA-protein Interactions in Biological Environments), circumventing the challenges through in situ RNA labeling by precisely directing a purified APOBEC1-nanobody fusion to the RBP of interest. This method enables highly specific RNA-binding site identification across a diverse range of fixed biological samples such as HEK293T cells and mouse brain tissue and accurately identifies the canonical binding motifs of RBFOX2 (UGCAUG) and TDP-43 (UGUGUG) in native cellular environments. Applicable to any RBP with available primary antibodies, INSCRIBE enables sensitive capture of RBP-RNA interactions from ultra-low input equivalent to ~5 cells. The robust, versatile, and sensitive INSCRIBE workflow is particularly beneficial for precious tissues such as clinical samples, empowering the exploration of genuine RBP-RNA interactions in RNA-related disease contexts.
Focal seizures induce spatiotemporally organized spiking activity in the human cortex
Authors: Diamond Joshua M. , Chapeton Julio I. , Xie Weizhen , Jackson Samantha N. , Inati Sara K. , Zaghloul Kareem A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEpileptic seizures are debilitating because of the clinical symptoms they produce. These symptoms, in turn, may stem directly from disruptions in neural coding. Recent evidence has suggested that the specific temporal order, or sequence, of spiking across a population of cortical neurons may encode information. Here, we investigate how seizures disrupt neuronal spiking sequences in the human brain by recording multi-unit activity from the cerebral cortex in five male participants undergoing monitoring for seizures. We find that pathological discharges during seizures are associated with bursts of spiking activity across a population of cortical neurons. These bursts are organized into highly consistent and stereotyped temporal sequences. As the seizure evolves, spiking sequences diverge from the sequences observed at baseline and become more spatially organized. The direction of this spatial organization matches the direction of the ictal discharges, which spread over the cortex as traveling waves. Our data therefore suggest that seizures can entrain cortical spiking sequences by changing the spatial organization of neuronal firing, providing a possible mechanism by which seizures create symptoms.
Structure and inference in hypergraphs with node attributes
Authors: Badalyan Anna , Ruggeri Nicolò , De Bacco Caterina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany networked datasets with units interacting in groups of two or more, encoded with hypergraphs, are accompanied by extra information about nodes, such as the role of an individual in a workplace. Here we show how these node attributes can be used to improve our understanding of the structure resulting from higher-order interactions. We consider the problem of community detection in hypergraphs and develop a principled model that combines higher-order interactions and node attributes to better represent the observed interactions and to detect communities more accurately than using either of these types of information alone. The method learns automatically from the input data the extent to which structure and attributes contribute to explain the data, down weighing or discarding attributes if not informative. Our algorithmic implementation is efficient and scales to large hypergraphs and interactions of large numbers of units. We apply our method to a variety of systems, showing strong performance in hyperedge prediction tasks and in selecting community divisions that correlate with attributes when these are informative, but discarding them otherwise. Our approach illustrates the advantage of using informative node attributes when available with higher-order data.
Mapping the structure-function relationship along macroscale gradients in the human brain
Authors: Collins Evan , Chishti Omar , Obaid Sami , McGrath Hari , King Alex , Shen Xilin , Arora Jagriti , Papademetris Xenophon , Constable R. Todd , Spencer Dennis D. , Zaveri Hitten P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFunctional coactivation between human brain regions is partly explained by white matter connections; however, how the structure-function relationship varies by function remains unclear. Here, we reference large data repositories to compute maps of structure-function correspondence across hundreds of specific functions and brain regions. We use natural language processing to accurately predict structure-function correspondence for specific functions and to identify macroscale gradients across the brain that correlate with structure-function correspondence as well as cortical thickness. Our findings suggest structure-function correspondence unfolds along a sensory-fugal organizational axis, with higher correspondence in primary sensory and motor cortex for perceptual and motor functions, and lower correspondence in association cortex for cognitive functions. Our study bridges neuroscience and natural language to describe how structure-function coupling varies by region and function in the brain, offering insight into the diversity and evolution of neural network properties.
MRI subtypes in Parkinson’s disease across diverse populations and clustering approaches
Authors: Inguanzo Anna , Mohanty Rosaleena , Poulakis Konstantinos , Ferreira Daniel , Segura Barbara , Albrecht Franziska , Muehlboeck J-Sebastian , Granberg Tobias , Sjöström Henrik , Svenningsson Per , Franzén Erika , Junqué Carme , Westman Eric 
Published: August 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is clinically heterogeneous, which suggests the existence of subtypes; however, there has been no consensus regarding their characteristics. This study included 633 PD individuals across distinct cohorts: unmedicated de novo PD, medicated PD, mild-moderate PD, and a cohort based on diagnostic work-up in clinical practice. Additionally, 233 controls were included. Clustering based on cortical and subcortical gray matter measures was conducted with and without adjusting for global atrophy in the entire PD sample and validated within each cohort. Subtypes were characterized using baseline and longitudinal demographic and clinical data. Unadjusted results identified three clusters showing a gradient of neurodegeneration and symptom severity across the entire sample and the individual cohorts. When adjusting for global atrophy eight clusters were identified in the entire sample, lacking consistency in individual cohorts. This study identified atrophy-based subtypes in PD, emphasizing the significant impact of global atrophy on subtype number, patterns, and interpretation in cross-sectional analyses.
Parallel loss of sexual reproduction in field populations of a brown alga sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the emergence of asexuality
Authors: Hoshino Masakazu , Cossard Guillaume , Haas Fabian B. , Kane Emma I. , Kogame Kazuhiro , Jomori Takahiro , Wakimoto Toshiyuki , Glemin Sylvain , Coelho Susana M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSexual reproduction is widespread, but asexual lineages have repeatedly arisen from sexual ancestors across a wide range of eukaryotic taxa. The molecular changes underpinning the switch to asexuality remain elusive, particularly in organisms with haploid sexual systems. Here we explore independent events of loss of sex in the brown alga Scytosiphon, examine the proximate and evolutionary mechanisms involved, and test the importance of sexual conflict on gene expression changes following loss of sex. We find that asexual females (‘Amazons’) lose ability to produce sex pheromone and, consequently, are incapable of attracting males, whereas they gain rapid parthenogenic development from large, unfertilized eggs. These phenotypic changes are accompanied by convergent changes in gene expression. Decay of female functions, rather than relaxation of sexual antagonism, may be a dominant force at play during the emergence of asexuality in haploid sexual systems. Moreover, we show that haploid purifying selection plays a key role in limiting the accumulation of deleterious alleles in Amazons, and we identify an autosomal locus associated with the Amazon phenotype. The sex chromosome, together with this autosomal locus, may underlie the switch to obligate asexuality in the Amazon populations.
Chromosome-scale genome assembly and annotation of Paspalum notatum Flüggé var. saurae
Authors: Vega Juan Manuel , Podio Maricel , Orjuela Julie , Siena Lorena A. , Pessino Silvina C. , Combes Marie Christine , Mariac Cedric , Albertini Emidio , Pupilli Fulvio , Ortiz Juan Pablo A. , Leblanc Olivier 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPaspalum notatum Flüggé is an economically important subtropical fodder grass that is widely used in the Americas. Here, we report a new chromosome-scale genome assembly and annotation of a diploid biotype collected in the center of origin of the species. Using Oxford Nanopore long reads, we generated a 557.81 Mb genome assembly (N50 = 56.1 Mb) with high gene completeness (BUSCO = 98.73%). Genome annotation identified 320 Mb (57.86%) of repetitive elements and 45,074 gene models, of which 36,079 have a high level of confidence. Further characterisation included the identification of 59 miRNA precursors together with their putative targets. The present work provides a comprehensive genomic resource for P. notatum improvement and a reference frame for functional and evolutionary research within the genus.
Clinical audit of cases and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Bwanali Akim Nelson , Munthali Leonard , Napolo Upile , Lubanga Adriano Focus , Gundo Rodwell , Mpinganjira Samuel L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn 2016, a new, improved and modern intensive care unit was constructed at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Having been operational for about 4 years, there has not been a systematic audit to gauge its performance. Therefore, this quantitative retrospective cohort study aimed at investigating the performance of the intensive care unit at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. We analysed the patterns of admission through 250 clinical cases and their respective outcomes spanning from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019 using STATA. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. We also had a follow-up discussion with the Head of the unit to better understand the unit’s functioning. Out of the 250 admissions, we evaluated 249 case files. About 30.8% of all patients were referred from the main operating theatre, and 20.7% from the casualty (emergency medicine). Head injury (26.7%) and peritonitis (15.7%) were the commonest causes of admission. The overall mortality was 52.2% with more females (57.5%) dying than males (47.9%). Head injury and peritonitis had the highest contribution to the mortality accounting for 25.3% and 16.9% of all deaths respectively. In conclusion, despite the new unit registering an improved performance compared to the old unit’s 2012 mortality of 60.9%, the current mortality rate of 52.2% generally reflects a suboptimal performance. The intensive care unit is still grappling with a number of challenges that need immediate attention including few working beds, shortage of critical care specialists and nursing staff and lack of standard admission criteria.
Identification of novel small molecule-based strategies of COL7A1 upregulation and readthrough activity for the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Jover Irene , Ramos Maria C. , Escámez María José , Lozoya Estrella , Tormo José R. , de Prado-Verdún Diana , Mencía Ángeles , Pont Mercè , Puig Carles , Larraufie Marie-Helene , Gutiérrez-Caballero Cristina , Reyes Fernando , Trincado Juan Luis , García-González Vicente , Cerrato Rosario , Andrés Miriam , Crespo Maribel , Vicente Francisca , Godessart Nuria , Genilloud Olga , Larcher Fernando , Nueda Arsenio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare genetic disease caused by loss of function mutations in the gene coding for collagen VII (C7) due to deficient or absent C7 expression. This disrupts structural and functional skin architecture, leading to blistering, chronic wounds, inflammation, important systemic symptoms affecting the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, cornea, and kidney function, and an increased skin cancer risk. RDEB patients have an extremely poor quality of life and often die at an early age. A frequent class of mutations in RDEB is premature termination codons (PTC), which appear in homozygosity or compound heterozygosity with other mutations. RDEB has no cure and current therapies are mostly palliative. Using patient-derived keratinocytes and a library of 8273 small molecules and 20,160 microbial extracts evaluated in a phenotypic screening interrogating C7 levels, we identified three active chemical series. Two of these series had PTC readthrough activity, and one upregulated C7 mRNA, showing synergistic activity when combined with the reference readthrough molecule gentamicin. These compounds represent novel potential small molecule-based systemic strategies that could complement topical-based treatments for RDEB.