bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) increase pollination of Washington sweet cherry and pear crops
Authors: McCabe Lindsie M , Boyle Natalie K , Pitts-Singer Theresa L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apis), honey bees, are the most widely used managed crop pollinators. However, their high rental cost and uncertain availability for North American orchard crops have motivated growers to explore alternative pollination options. We examined whether adding solitary, spring-flying Osmia lignaria Say (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), blue orchard bees, as co-pollinators with A. mellifera in Washington sweet cherry and pear orchards enhances fruit set and yield compared to the use of A. mellifera alone. We added managed O. lignaria to orchard sites where A. mellifera hives were already present. Fruit set, fruit yield, and O. lignaria reproduction at O. lignaria-supplemented sites were compared to nearby, paired sites pollinated only by A. mellifera (3 paired cherry and 3 paired pear sites). For both crops, the addition of O. lignaria significantly increased fruit set but did not yield at harvest. Microscopic inspection of pollen grains from O. lignaria nest cell provisions confirmed that O. lignaria primarily visited orchard flowers. Mean retention of O. lignaria in cherry orchards was slightly higher (65%) than O. lignaria retention reported in other orchard crops (30%–60%). However, retention in pear orchards was much lower (≤20%). These results show that supplementing hives with O. lignaria in Washington spring orchard crops can increase overall pollination, but that trees fail to bear developing fruit to maturity. The strategy of using co-pollinators, O. lignaria and A. mellifera, in US orchards may act as “pollination insurance” when A. mellifera hives are in low supply or when the weather is not amenable for A. mellifera flight during the bloom period.
Carotid plaque score is associated with 10-year major adverse cardiovascular events in low–intermediate risk patients referred to a general cardiology community clinic
Authors: Matangi Murray F , Hétu Marie-France , Armstrong David W J , Shellenberger Jonas , Brouillard Daniel , Baker Josh , Johnson Ana , Grubic Nicholas , Willms Hannah , Johri Amer M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Atherosclerotic carotid plaque assessments have not been integrated into routine clinical practice due to the time-consuming nature of both imaging and measurements. Plaque score, Rotterdam method, is simple, quick, and only requires 4–6 B-mode ultrasound images. The aim was to assess the benefit of plaque score in a community cardiology clinic to identify patients at risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods and results
Patients ≥ 40 years presenting for risk assessment were given a carotid ultrasound. Exclusions included a history of vascular disease or MACE and being &gt;75 years. Kaplan–Meier curves and hazard ratios were performed. The left and right common carotid artery (CCA), bulb, and internal carotid artery were given 1 point per segment if plaque was present (plaque scores 0–6). Administrative data holdings at ICES were used for 10-year event follow-up. Of 8472 patients, 60% were females (n = 5121). Plaque was more prevalent in males (64% vs. 53.9%; P &lt; 0.0001). The 10-year MACE cumulative incidence estimate was 6.37% with 276 events (males 6.9% vs. females 6.0%; P = 0.004). Having both maximal CCA intima media thickness &lt; 1.00 mm and plaque score = 0 was associated with less events. A plaque score &lt; 2 was associated with a low 10-year event rate (4.1%) compared with 2–4 (8.7%) and 5–6 (20%).

Conclusion
A plaque score ≥ 2 can re-stratify low–intermediate risk patients to a higher risk for events. Plaque score may be used as a quick assessment in a cardiology office to guide treatment management of patients.
Multimodality imaging for the evaluation and management of patients with long-term (durable) left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Cameli Matteo , Aboumarie Hatem Soliman , Pastore Maria Concetta , Caliskan Kadir , Cikes Maja , Garbi Madalina , Lim Hoong Sern , Muraru Denisa , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Pergola Valeria , Plein Sven , Pontone Gianluca , Soliman Osama I , Maurovich-Horvat Pal , Donal Erwan , Cosyns Bernard , Petersen Steffen E , Antonopoulos Alexios , Bohbot Yohann , Dweck Marc , Garg Pankaj , Gimelli Alessia , Stankovic Ivan , Uusitalo Valtteri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are gaining increasing importance as therapeutic strategy in advanced heart failure (HF), not only as bridge to recovery or to transplant but also as destination therapy. Even though long-term LVADs are considered a precious resource to expand the treatment options and improve clinical outcome of these patients, these are limited by peri-operative and post-operative complications, such as device-related infections, haemocompatibility-related events, device mis-positioning, and right ventricular failure. For this reason, a precise pre-operative, peri-operative, and post-operative evaluation of these patients is crucial for the selection of LVAD candidates and the management LVAD recipients. The use of different imaging modalities offers important information to complete the study of patients with LVADs in each phase of their assessment, with peculiar advantages/disadvantages, ideal application, and reference parameters for each modality. This clinical consensus statement sought to guide the use of multimodality imaging for the evaluation of patients with advanced HF undergoing LVAD implantation.
Measuring Social Benefits of Media Coverage: How Coverage of Climate Change Affects Behaviour
Authors: Beattie Graham 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It has been well documented that beliefs and actions can be affected by media coverage. In this paper, I study the effect of newspaper coverage of climate change on individual driving behaviour. I construct a measure of the tone of coverage based on comparisons between environmental and sceptical texts. I then use this measure, along with detailed information about driving patterns, to test whether households’ travel decisions are affected by the coverage that they have recently received. I find that coverage of climate change that uses an environmental tone causes households to make environmentally friendly travel decisions, particularly when good substitutes are available. Since driving is a major source of carbon emissions, these results illustrate a potential externality of media coverage.
Radio-miRs: a comprehensive view of radioresistance-related microRNAs
Authors: Pedroza-Torres Abraham , Romero-Córdoba Sandra L , Montaño Sarita , Peralta-Zaragoza Oscar , Vélez-Uriza Dora Emma , Arriaga-Canon Cristian , Guajardo-Barreto Xiadani , Bautista-Sánchez Diana , Sosa-León Rodrigo , Hernández-González Olivia , Díaz-Chávez José , Alvarez-Gómez Rosa María , Herrera Luis A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Radiotherapy is a key treatment option for a wide variety of human tumors, employed either alone or alongside with other therapeutic interventions. Radiotherapy uses high-energy particles to destroy tumor cells, blocking their ability to divide and proliferate. The effectiveness of radiotherapy is due to genetic and epigenetic factors that determine how tumor cells respond to ionizing radiation. These factors contribute to the establishment of resistance to radiotherapy, which increases the risk of poor clinical prognosis of patients. Although the mechanisms by which tumor cells induce radioresistance are unclear, evidence points out several contributing factors including the overexpression of DNA repair systems, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, alterations in the tumor microenvironment, and enrichment of cancer stem cell populations. In this context, dysregulation of microRNAs or miRNAs, critical regulators of gene expression, may influence how tumors respond to radiation. There is increasing evidence that miRNAs may act as sensitizers or enhancers of radioresistance, regulating key processes such as the DNA damage response and the cell death signaling pathway. Furthermore, expression and activity of miRNAs have shown informative value in overcoming radiotherapy and long-term radiotoxicity, revealing their potential as biomarkers. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with the response to radiotherapy and highlight the central role of miRNAs in regulating the molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular radioresistance. We will also review radio-miRs, radiotherapy-related miRNAs, either as sensitizers or enhancers of radioresistance that hold promise as biomarkers or pharmacological targets to sensitize radioresistant cells.
Consideration of T-Cell Profile in the Examination of Statin Efficacy in Inflammatory Diseases, Neurodegeneration, and Neurocognitive Performance
Authors: Hintermayer Matthew A , Mendelson Daniel , Byun Jae Hyun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Statins are a cornerstone in the medical management of cardiovascular disease, yet their efficacy varies greatly between individuals. In this commentary, we outline the evidence for the role of CD4+CD28null T-cell expansion as a critical moderator of the effects of statins in preventing cardiovascular events via the reduction of pathological inflammation. Given this relationship, we argue that T-cell profiles should be considered as a patient characteristic in clinical and preclinical studies examining statin efficacy in other age- and inflammation-related pathologies. We discuss the implications this may have for studies of statin use in numerous disease processes—notably, dementia and neurocognitive dysfunction—and the potential for T-cell profiles to be used as a prognosticator for statin efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and multiple sclerosis.
Weakly supervised classification of acoustic echo-traces in a multispecific pelagic environment
Authors: Lekanda Aitor , Boyra Guillermo , Louzao Maite 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In trawl-acoustic methods, machine learning can objectively assign species composition to echo-traces, providing a reproducible approach for improving biomass assessments and the study of schooling behaviour. However, the automatic classification of schools in multispecies environments is challenging due to the difficulty of obtaining ground truth information for training. We propose a weakly supervised approach to classify schools into seven classes using catch proportions as probabilities. A balancing strategy was used to address high dominance of some species while preserving species mixtures. As the composition of schools from multispecific catches was unknown, model performance was evaluated at the school and haul level. Accuracy was 63.5% for schools from single-species catches or those identified by experts, and a 20.1% error was observed when comparing predicted and actual species proportions at the haul level. Positional and energetic descriptors were highly relevant, while morphological characteristics showed low discriminative power. The highest accuracies were obtained for juvenile anchovy and Muller’s pearslide, while sardine was the most challenging to classify. Our multioutput approach allowed the introduction of a metric to assess the confidence of the model in classifying each school. As a result, we introduced a method to classify echo-traces considering prediction reliability.
Adaptive output-feedback trajectory tracking for a class of uncertain second-order linear systems
Authors: Aguilar-Ibanez Carlos , Acosta José Ángel , S Suarez-Castanon Miguel , Saldivar Belem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present a novel design of an explicit control strategy to solve the trajectory tracking problem for an uncertain second-order linear system with only partial availability of the state. The system parameters are unknown, and an additive constant disturbance is considered. Despite the apparent simplicity of this system, the solution requires an intricate combination of available methodologies. The proposed approach corresponds to a Lyapunov-based adaptive control strategy consisting of a reduced-order observer, a dynamic slave system and an adaptive controller with dynamic extension. Simulation results are provided to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control strategy in accomplishing the regulation and trajectory tracking problems.
Stability analysis of LTV systems via gain and phase
Authors: Si Na , Yu Tianqiu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper considers the feedback stability analysis of infinite-dimensional discrete-time linear time-varying systems with combined gain and phase information. The framework considers a system to be a causal linear operator described by a lower triangular infinite-dimensional complex matrix. For $r$-sectorial operators, we first derive a sufficient condition for the invertibility of $I+AB$ using the gain and phase information. Finally, we use this invertibility criterion to give a sufficient condition for feedback stability of $r$-sectorial systems.
Public comfort with the use of ChatGPT and expectations for healthcare
Authors: Platt Jodyn , Nong Paige , Smiddy Renée , Hamasha Reema , Carmona Clavijo Gloria , Richardson Joshua , Kardia Sharon L R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To examine whether comfort with the use of ChatGPT in society differs from comfort with other uses of AI in society and to identify whether this comfort and other patient characteristics such as trust, privacy concerns, respect, and tech-savviness are associated with expected benefit of the use of ChatGPT for improving health.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed an original survey of U.S. adults using the NORC AmeriSpeak Panel (n = 1787). We conducted paired t-tests to assess differences in comfort with AI applications. We conducted weighted univariable regression and 2 weighted logistic regression models to identify predictors of expected benefit with and without accounting for trust in the health system.

Results
Comfort with the use of ChatGPT in society is relatively low and different from other, common uses of AI. Comfort was highly associated with expecting benefit. Other statistically significant factors in multivariable analysis (not including system trust) included feeling respected and low privacy concerns. Females, younger adults, and those with higher levels of education were less likely to expect benefits in models with and without system trust, which was positively associated with expecting benefits (P = 1.6 × 10−11). Tech-savviness was not associated with the outcome.

Discussion
Understanding the impact of large language models (LLMs) from the patient perspective is critical to ensuring that expectations align with performance as a form of calibrated trust that acknowledges the dynamic nature of trust.

Conclusion
Including measures of system trust in evaluating LLMs could capture a range of issues critical for ensuring patient acceptance of this technological innovation.
Glucosinolate Hydrolytic Products—A Multi-Arm Warrior
Authors: Arora Rohit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are the most controversial yet ignored class of phytochemicals. These are the middleman phytochemicals that have low bioactivity. But once there is any injury in the plant—manmade, insect caused, or natural—magic happens. The compound is broken down into smaller phytochemicals referred to as glucosinolate hydrolytic products (GHPs; nitriles, isothiocyanates [ITCs], and thiocyanates). These hydrolytic products are like a showstopper of the fashion industry. These compounds have some of the highest bioactivity in nature. They have been associated with a varied range of bioactivities (anticancer, antioxidant, insecticidal, weedicide, etc.) by researchers across the globe.

Objective
The objective of the current article is to provide a critical review to highlight some of the important bioactivities of these ignored compounds and for promoting researchers to at least give these compounds a chance—to glow in the dark.

Methods
This review has been written from analysis of accessible literature, mostly from the last 5 years (2018–2023), with some critically essential exceptions.

Results
The review highlighted a brief background of GSLs and its hydrolysis. Efforts were made to include most of the biological properties of the compound. Special emphasis has been given to the anticancer activities of the compound with details of the involved mechanism.

Conclusions
Considering the wide array of bioactivities of GHPs, it is essential to consider it as a prospective medicinal compound. More GHPs—in a similar manner as sulforaphane—can be proceeded to phase trials.

Highlights
The mechanistic pathway for production of GHPs and related biological activities have been discussed in detail. The bioactivities have been further explained using the involved mechanism.
Macrophages modulate mesenchymal stem cell function via tumor necrosis factor alpha in tooth extraction model
Authors: Mun Aung Ye , Akiyama Kentaro , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Jiewen , Kitagawa Wakana , Kohno Teisaku , Tagashira Ryuji , Ishibashi Kei , Matsunaga Naoya , Zou Tingling , Ono Mitsuaki , Kuboki Takuo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages collaboratively contribute to bone regeneration after injury. However, detailed mechanisms underlying the interaction between MSCs and inflammatory macrophages (M1) remain unclear. A macrophage-depleted tooth extraction model was generated in 5-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice using clodronate liposome (12.5 mg/kg/mouse, intraperitoneally) or saline injection (control) before maxillary first molar extraction. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after tooth extraction (n = 4). Regenerated bone volume evaluation of tooth extraction socket (TES) and histochemical analysis of CD80+M1, CD206+M2 (anti-inflammatory macrophages), PDGFRα+MSC, and TNF-α+ cells were performed. In vitro, isolated MSCs with or without TNF-α stimulation (10 ng/mL, 24 h, n = 3) were bulk RNA-sequenced (RNA-Seq) to identify TNF-α stimulation-specific MSC transcriptomes. Day 7 micro-CT and HE staining revealed significantly lower mean bone volume (clodronate vs control: 0.01 mm3 vs 0.02 mm3, p&lt;.0001) and mean percentage of regenerated bone area per total TES in clodronate group (41.97% vs 54.03%, p&lt;.0001). Clodronate group showed significant reduction in mean number of CD80+, TNF-α+, PDGFRα+, and CD80+TNF-α+ cells on day 5 (306.5 vs 558.8, p&lt;.0001; 280.5 vs 543.8, p&lt;.0001; 365.0 vs 633.0, p&lt;.0001, 29.0 vs 42.5, p&lt;.0001), while these cells recovered significantly on day 7 (493.3 vs 396.0, p=.0004; 479.3 vs 384.5, p=.0008; 593.0 vs 473.0, p=.0010, 41.0 vs 32.5, p=.0003). RNA-Seq analysis showed that 15 genes (|log2FC| &gt; 5.0, log2TPM &gt; 5) after TNF-α stimulation were candidates for regulating MSC’s immunomodulatory capacity. In vivo, Clec4e and Gbp6 are involved in inflammation and bone formation. Clec4e, Gbp6, and Cxcl10 knockdown increased osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Temporal reduction followed by apparent recovery of TNF-α-producing M1 macrophages and MSCs after temporal macrophage depletion suggests that TNF-α activated MSCs during TES healing. In vitro mimicking the effect of TNF-α on MSCs indicated that there are 15 candidate MSC genes for regulation of immunomodulatory capacity.
The evolution of morphological castes under decoupled control
Authors: Flintham Lewis , Field Jeremy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Eusociality, where units that previously reproduced independently function as one entity, is of major interest in evolutionary biology. Obligate eusociality is characterized by morphologically differentiated castes and reduced conflict. We explore conditions under which morphological castes may arise in the Hymenoptera and factors constraining their evolution. Control over offspring morphology and behaviour seems likely to be decoupled. Provisioners (queens and workers) can influence offspring morphology directly through the nutrition they provide, while adult offspring control their own behaviour. Provisioners may, however, influence worker behaviour indirectly if offspring modify their behaviour in response to their morphology. If manipulation underlies helping, we should not see helping evolve before specialized worker morphology, yet empirical observations suggest that behavioural castes precede morphological castes. We use evolutionary invasion analyses to show how the evolution of a morphologically differentiated worker caste depends on the prior presence of a behavioural caste: specialist worker morphology will be mismatched with behaviour unless some offspring already choose to work. A mother’s certainty about her offspring’s behaviour is also critical—less certainty results in greater mismatch. We show how baseline worker productivity can affect the likelihood of a morphological trait being favoured by natural selection. We then show how under a decoupled control scenario, morphologically differentiated castes should be less and less likely to be lost as they become more specialized. We also suggest that for eusociality to be evolutionarily irreversible, workers must be unable to functionally replace reproductives and reproductives must be unable to reproduce without help from workers.
Conceptualization, design, and construction of a novel insect mass trapping device: the USDA Biomass Harvest Trap (USDA-BHT)
Authors: Cohnstaedt Lee W , Lado Paula , Ewing Robert , Cherico Jason , Brabec Daniel , Shults Phillip , Wagner Roy , Chaskopoulou Alexandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of insects as animal feed has the potential to be a green revolution for animal agriculture as insects are a rich source of high-quality protein. Insect farming must overcome challenges such as product affordability and scalability before it can be widely incorporated as animal feed. An alternative is to harvest insect pests from the environment using mass trapping devices and use them as animal feed. For example, intensive agricultural environments generate large quantities of pestiferous insects and with the right harvest technologies, these insects can be used as a protein supplement in traditional animal daily rations. Most insect trapping devices are limited by the biomass they can collect. In that context, and with the goal of using wild collected insects as animal feed, the United States Department of Agriculture-Biomass Harvest Trap (USDA-BHT) was designed and built. The USDA-BHT is a valuable mass trapping device developed to efficiently attract, harvest, and store flying insects from naturally abundant agricultural settings. The trap offers a modular design with adjustable capabilities, and it is an inexpensive device that can easily be built with commonly available parts and tools. The USDA-BHT is also user-friendly and has customizable attractants to target various pest species.