bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromyographic study on the sternocleidomastoid and pectoralis major muscles during respiratory activity in humans
Authors: Nepomuceno V. , Nepomuceno E. , Regalo S. , Cerqueira E. , Souza R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous and maximum activities ofthe sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and pectoralis major (PM) muscles, to determine how the two types of breathing patterns (normal and forced) can affect these activities , and to verify which of these muscles could be used to establish an evaluation protocol for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Methods: Eleven healthy men, aged 18 to 25 years, participated in this study. The individuals remained in supine position using a respiratory belt to monitor both inspiratory and expiratory phase during shifts in the rib cage, performing three repetitions for the normal and forced respiratory movements, while keeping the breathing rhythm with a standard metronome. Electromyographic signals were captured using bipolar surface electrodes placed on the lower third of the SCM muscle and on the lower PM muscle fibers. Electromyographic signals were analyzed and the root mean square (RMS) values were calculated for a complete respiratory cycle. The EMG values were analyzed using the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons. The homogeneity of variances was verified using the logarithmic transformation (LOG). The level of statistical significance was set at 5% (SPSS 19.0). Results: The values showed that there are signiicant differences between the EMG values of the SCM muscle during normal and forced respiration and the EMG values of the ECM and PM muscles during forced respiration. Conclusion: These results showed that the SCM muscle can be an indicator for the development of parameters to be used in the analysis of patients with respiratory failure.
Effect of methotrexate and vitamin A on NOR expression in seminiferous tubules of Wistar rats
Authors: Reghunathan D. , Bhat K. , Bairy K. , Murlimanju B. , Prasad A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The histopathology and expression of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), of seminiferous tubules was studied after the administration of methotrexate (MTX) and vitamin A (VA). Objective of the study was to test if the NOR count increases or decreases with different doses of MTX. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats aged 4 months, maintained in our institution were used in the present study. The rats were divided into following groups, group I - control (saline treated), group II - animals treated with 8 mg of MTX, group III - animals treated with 10 mg of MTX, group IV - animals treated with 12 mg of MTX, group V - animals treated with VA (5000 IU), Group VI - animals treated with VA (5000 IU) and MTX (12 mg). Results: The animals treated with MTX showed significant decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and increase in interstitial space. The spermatogenesis was not complete in some tubules. When MTX was given with VA, the damage done by MTX was decreased. There was an overall numerical decrease in the total NOR count from the control to 12 mg dose MTX. The total count included small, medium and large sized NORs. Conclusion: Higher the dose of MTX, lesser the NOR count and lesser the irregularity of NORs. However VA co-administration reduces the damage produced by MTX. We believe that indings of the present study might be useful in understanding the long term effect of MTX and its adverse effects.
Rare variation in arterial branching of celiac trunk with three aberrant hepatic arteries - Case report
Authors: Rachana K. , Madhyastha Sampath , Saralaya Vasudha , Joy Teresa , Premchandran Divya , Rai Santhosh 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe celiac trunk shows a trifurcate division which branches to supply the hepatobiliary system, stomach, parts of the digestive tract. The celiac trunk usually exhibits regular pattern of branching with few variations reported. This case report highlights on the vitality of anomalous branching of the celiac trunk and it branches. Surgical complications involving these organs would be partially explained by studying the anomalous branching of the vascular components supplying it. Here we have reported anomalous origin of three aberrant hepatic arteries, one accessory hepatic artery and an aberrant cystic artery. These variations are of importance to radiologists and hepatic surgeons.
Rhythm and its perception in the central nervous system
Authors: Ried B. , Rodrigues G. , Gama E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRhythm works as an organizing principle in all sorts/manner of human behavior and perception. Several sciences investigate rhythm, trying to unveil the mechanisms of its perception and its neural correlates. In order to assess the knowledge available from 2001 to 2011, we conducted a review into five international data bases using the keywords “rhythm” and “perception“. 17 original research papers were found whose indings were fairly inconclusive and unable to precisely locate one single rhythm processing area in the brain, but found activations in both cortical and subcortical structures and the cerebellum. However, methods were found to be fairly diverse and often terminologically inconsistent, which hampers comparison between studies. Conclusions: the former vision of rhythm perception in the brain as occurring in a network has been conirmed.
Women Participation in Politics: A Case Study of Afghan Women
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Mussarat Razia 
Published: March 2015

Women are awarded minimized role in politics. Political activities are considered the special domain for men. Women are stressed that home is predominant place. The major role related for women is reproduction of human race. The objectives of the study are to discuss concept of political participation and its objectives for women participation in politics. The central aim is to examine the empowerment of women particularly of Afghanistan. The paper focuses on present contribution of afghan women in presidential election of Afghanistan in 2014. The process includes the voice of Afghan women for successful outcome in election 2014. The empirical and analytical analyses have been adapted to forecasting the present status of afghan women by empowering their right not only by casting a vote rather by full political participation. The under discussion issue is voter turn-out after huge participation of women in presidential election. The study will analyse structural causes and customs which limit women opting to pursue elected offices and member of loyia Jirga. The future prospects for Afghan women participation in politics.
On Transference:
Authors: Huang Yiju 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article draws on insights of trauma studies to intervene in the political realm of revolutionary politics. I analyze French intellectuals' reception of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and characterize it as a transformation from hope and admiration to trauma. The principal aim is to ascertain the historical perspective of Badiou's uninterrupted identification with Maoism and argue that his fidelity to the Cultural Revolution signifies not positivism but passivity of trauma and disavowal of loss.
La distribution à l’heure du multi-canal Une redéfinition du rôle du vendeur
Authors: Vanheems Régine 
Published: March 2015

La stratégie multi-canal s’impose désormais comme un impératif pour les enseignes de distribution. De nombreuses enseignes ont implanté un site Internet, en complément de leur(s) magasin(s) et sont devenues « click-and-mortar ». Loin d’être neutre pour les vendeurs, ce site engendre des attentes inédites de la part des clients à leur égard et transforme le contenu de l’échange entre les protagonistes. A partir d’une étude qualitative menée auprès de 35 vendeurs, cet article montre pourquoi il est urgent que les managers revisitent les piliers traditionnels du management de leur force de vente.
Les facettes identitaires de ia consommation. Le cas des cosmétiques chez les deuxièmes générations d’immigration
Authors: Silhouette-Dercourt Virginie , Darpy Denis , de Lassus Christel 
Published: March 2015

Cette étude explore la relation des femmes de deuxième génération d’immigration aux marques et aux produits cosmétiques car la consommation de ceux-ci comporte des dimensions identitaires, culturelles, et sociales pour cette cible. Elle met en scène les sentiments d’appartenance culturelle. Cette recherche s’appuie sur deux phases de collecte de données auprès de 31 femmes sur leurs pratiques, les marques et les produits qu’elles utilisent. Le corpus est analysé avec un carré sémiotique. Les marques « d’ici », « de là-bas » et les marques mondiales peuvent travailler les ingrédients utilisés, les formes et couleurs du packaging ainsi que les codes graphiques des déclinaisons produits choisis pour améliorer la perception des dimensions culturelles et rechercher une rupture demandée par les consommatrices.
Right to Inclusive Education for Students with Disabilities in Kenya
Authors: Elder Brent C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article explores the current inclusive education system in Kenya, and how those practices relate to Article 24 of the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Local laws and international instruments are presented to shed light on the extent to which students with disabilities have a right to inclusive education in Kenya. Inclusive education is in its nascent stage in Kenya, and many barriers currently exist in the development of an inclusive education system. Such barriers include: poverty, child labor, natural disasters, HIV/AIDS, gender, ethnicity, access to healthcare, access to food, and availability of clean drinking water. In order for Kenya to develop an inclusive education system in accordance with the CRPD, the author proposes the following: development of a country/region-centered plan, implementation of inclusion reports, development of an inclusive network for schools throughout Kenya, and clarification of ambiguous language and terms within Article 24 of the CRPD, as applied to Kenyan laws and policies.
Early Childhood Intervention in China
Authors: Zheng Yuzhu , Maude Susan P. , Brotherson Mary Jane 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
With rapid economic development and increasing awareness of the importance of early childhood intervention (ECI), China is re-examining its social and educational practices for young children with disabilities. This re-examination may have a significant impact on young children with disabilities in China. It may also set an example for other developing nations. This article discusses ECI in China including relevant policies, laws, and practices. Currently, the current policies and laws related to ECI are rarely implemented in China and ECI is facing immense problems. In order to help promote the re-examination of ECI in China, the authors suggest areas of improvement for policies and practices in China in order to better support children, families, and service providers.
Recent glacier decline in the Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 69°E) derived from modeling, field observations, and satellite data
Authors: Verfaillie Deborah , Favier Vincent , Dumont Marie , Jomelli Vincent , Gilbert Adrien , Brunstein Daniel , Gallée Hubert , Rinterknecht Vincent , Menegoz Martin , Frenot Yves 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe retreat of glaciers in the Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 69°E) and their associated climatic causes have been analyzed using field data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images to validate a positive degree‐day (PDD) model forced by data from local meteorological stations. Mass balance measurements made during recent field campaigns on the largest glacier of the Cook Ice Cap were compared to data from the early 1970s, providing a 40 year view of the differences in the spatial distribution of surface mass balance (SMB). To obtain additional regional data for the validation of our models, we analyzed MODIS images (2000–2012) to determine if our model was capable of reproducing variations in the transient snow line. The PDD model correctly simulated the variations in the snow line, the spatial variations in the SMB, and its trend with elevation. Yet current SMB values diverge from their classic linear representation with elevation, and stake data at high altitudes now display more negative SMB values than expected. By analyzing MODIS albedo, we observed that these values are caused by the disappearance of snow and associated feedback on melt rates. In addition, certain parts of Ampere Glacier could not be reproduced by the surface energy balance model because of overaccumulation due to wind deposition. Finally, the MODIS data, field data, and our models suggest that the acceleration of glacier wastage in Kerguelen is due to reduced net accumulation and an associated rise in the snow line since the 1970s.
SWARM observations of equatorial electron densities and topside GPS track losses
Authors: Buchert Stephan , Zangerl Franz , Sust Manfred , André Mats , Eriksson Anders , Wahlund Jan‐Erik , Opgenoorth Hermann 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe SWARM satellites have both upward looking GPS receivers and Langmuir probes. The receivers repeatedly lost track of the L1 band signal in January–February 2014 at postsunset hours, when SWARM was at nearly 500 km altitude. This indicates that the signal was disturbed by ionospheric irregularities at this height and above. The track losses occurred right at density gradients associated with equatorial plasma bubbles and predominantly where the measured background density was highest. The signal showed strong phase scintillations rather than in amplitude, indicating that SWARM might be in the near field of an ionospheric phase screen. Density biteouts, depletions between steep gradients, were up to almost 3 orders of magnitude deep in the background of a more shallow trough centered at the magnetic equator. Comparison between satellites shows that the biteout structure strongly varied in longitude over ∼100 km and has in north‐south steep walls.
Fast and Efficient Synthesis of Z‐Enol‐γ‐Lactones through a Cycloisomerization Reaction of β‐Hydroxy‐γ‐Alkynoic Acids Catalyzed by Copper(I) under Microwave Heating in Water
Authors: López‐Reyes Morelia E. , Toscano R. Alfredo , López‐Cortés José G. , Alvarez‐Toledano Cecilio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA diastereo‐ and regioselective method for accessing a variety of highly functionalized Z‐enol‐γ‐lactones in good yields through the cycloisomerization of β‐hydroxy‐γ‐alkynoic acids catalyzed by CuBr (5 mol %) in water under microwave heating in a short time is described.
Phase morphology, thermomechanical, and crystallization behavior of uncompatibilized and PP‐g‐MAH compatibilized polypropylene/polystyrene blends
Authors: Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Joseph George , Jose Seno , Hameed Nishar 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we discuss the phase morphology, thermal, mechanical, and crystallization properties of uncompatibilized and compatibilized polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blends. It is observed that the Young's modulus increases, but other mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break, and impact strength decrease by blending PS to PP. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of PP/PS blends were compared with various theoretical models. The thermal stability, melting, and crystallization temperatures and percentage crystallinity of semicrystalline PP in the blends were marginally decreased by the addition of amorphous PS. The presence of maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (compatibilizer) increases the phase stability of 90/10 and 80/20 blends by preventing the coalescence. Hence, finer and more uniform droplets of PS dispersed phases are observed. The compatibilizer induced some improvement in impact strength for the blends with PP matrix phase, however fluctuations in modulus, strength and ductility were observed with respect to the uncompatibilized blend. The thermal stability was not much affected by the addition of the compatibilizer for the PP rich blends but shows some decrease in the thermal stability of the blends, where PS forms the matrix. On the other hand, the % crystallinity was increased by the addition of compatibilizer, irrespective of the blend concentration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42100.
Convergence Analysis of Wireless Remote Iterative Learning Control Systems with Channel Noise
Authors: Huang Lixun , Fang Yong , Wang Tao 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChannel noise, including sensor‐to‐controller(SC) noise and controller‐to‐actuator(CA) noise, impacts the convergence of wireless remote iterative learning control (ILC) system significantly. In this paper, the relationship between output error, SC noise and CA noise is obtained firstly by super‐vector formulation, and then the norm of output error vector covariance matrix is employed to analyze the convergence of the system in presence of SC noise and CA noise. Upper bound of the norm at any sample time reveals that the SC noise is accumulated only in iteration domain, while the CA noise is accumulated not only in iteration domain but also in time domain. Furthermore, the accumulated effect of the CA noise in time domain is ruled by system matrices, so the values of which determine the effect of the CA noise is greater or less than that of the SC noise on convergence of the system. Finally, some simulation results are given to illustrate correctness of the result.
Synthesis of Onion‐Peel Nanodendritic Structures with Sequential Functional Phosphorus Diversity
Authors: Katir Nadia , El Brahmi Nabil , El Kadib Abdelkrim , Mignani Serge , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Bousmina Mosto , Majoral Jean Pierre 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe preparation of novel families of phosphorus‐based macromolecular architectures called “onion peel” phosphorus nanodendritic systems is reported. This construct is based on the versatility of methods of synthesis using several building blocks and on the capability of these systems to undergo regioselective reactions within the cascade structure. Sustainable metal‐free routes such as the Staudinger reaction or Schiff‐base condensation, involving only water and nitrogen as byproducts, allow access to several dendritic macromolecules bearing up to seven different phosphorus units in their backbone, each of them featuring specific reactivity. The presence of the highly aurophilic PNPS fragment enables selective ligation of AuI within the dendritic framework.
Die wirtschaftliche Nutzung von Power‐to‐Heat‐Anlagen im Regelenergiemarkt
Authors: Pieper Christoph , Sykora Nancy , Beckmann Michael , Böhning Dorith , Hack Nina , Bachmann Tobias 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDie Energiewende stellt in Deutschland einen gewaltigen Umbruch dar und somit alle Marktteilnehmer vor neue Herausforderungen. Durch den zunehmenden Einfluss der fluktuierenden Energiequellen steigt der Bedarf an flexiblen Leistungseinheiten zur Sicherung der Netzstabilität. Daraus ergeben sich im wandelnden Markt neue Chancen zur Erwirtschaftung von Gewinnen, da die heute diskutierten Speichertechnologien nur zum Teil großtechnisch verfügbar und zugleich wirtschaftlich sind. Dieser Artikel diskutiert Möglichkeiten der Wandlung von Strom in Wärme (Power‐to‐Heat) und zeigt, dass durch die Bereitstellung von Regelenergie eine ökonomische Bewirtschaftung möglich ist.
Weiterentwicklung und Charakterisierung eines Spinning‐Disc‐Reaktors nach dem Rotor‐Stator‐Prinzip
Authors: Haseidl Franz , Schuh Patrick , Hinrichsen Kai‐Olaf 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEin vielversprechendes Reaktorkonzept zur Prozessintensivierung stellt der Spinning‐Disc‐Reaktor (SDR) dar. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde der Reaktor zu einem SDR nach dem Rotor‐Stator‐Prinzip weiterentwickelt, wobei die rotierende Scheibe von einem zylindrischen Stator umgeben ist. Zum besseren Verständnis der Vorgänge in dem dünnen, stark gescherten Flüssigkeitsfilm wird die Mikrovermischung mithilfe der Villermaux‐Dushman‐Reaktion untersucht. Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine systematische Untersuchung der Einflussparameter auf die Stoffübergangsvorgänge bei der heterogen katalysierten Glucose‐Oxidation. Hierzu wird ein Pt/C‐Katalysator auf der Scheibe immobilisiert.
MicroRNA signatures differentiate preserved from reduced ejection fraction heart failure
Authors: Watson Chris J. , Gupta Shashi K. , O'Connell Eoin , Thum Sabrina , Glezeva Nadezhda , Fendrich Jasmin , Gallagher Joe , Ledwidge Mark , Grote‐Levi Lea , McDonald Kenneth , Thum Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AimsDifferentiation of heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction independent of echocardiography is challenging in the community. Diagnostic strategies based on monitoring circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels may prove to be of clinical value in the near future. The aim of this study was to identify a novel miRNA signature that could be a useful HF diagnostic tool and provide valuable clinical information on whether a patient has HFrEF or HFpEF.Methods and resultsMiRNA biomarker discovery was carried out on three patient cohorts, no heart failure (no‐HF), HFrEF, and HFpEF, using Taqman miRNA arrays. The top five miRNA candidates were selected based on differential expression in HFpEF and HFrEF (miR‐30c, −146a, −221, −328, and −375), and their expression levels were also different between HF and no‐HF. These selected miRNAs were further verified and validated in an independent cohort consisting of 225 patients. The discriminative value of BNP as a HF diagnostic could be improved by use in combination with any of the miRNA candidates alone or in a panel. Combinations of two or more miRNA candidates with BNP had the ability to improve significantly predictive models to distinguish HFpEF from HFrEF compared with using BNP alone (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.82).ConclusionThis study has shown for the first time that various miRNA combinations are useful biomarkers for HF, and also in the differentiation of HFpEF from HFrEF. The utility of these biomarker combinations can be altered by inclusion of natriuretic peptide. MiRNA biomarkers may support diagnostic strategies in subpopulations of patients with HF.