bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lift and Drag Performances of O-Ring Paper Plane
Authors: I. Ismail N. , Yusoff Hamid , Sharudin Hazim , Pahmi Arif , Suhaimi S. , Rahman Hemdi Abdul 
Published: July 2024

The O-ring paper plane is viewed as another option of paper planes that have potential to be upgraded as Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). Despite the complexity of the closed wing design, the O-Ring (OR) paper planes are easy to develop by following a certain origami technique. However, the aerodynamics performances for such closed wing design is still open to be explored before it can be upgraded for MAV usage. The aerodynamics complexity of closed wing design combined with various hoop sizing may induced complicated aerodynamics performance for OR paper planes. Thus, the objective of this research is to investigate the hoop diameters influence towards the aerodynamics performance of OR paper plane. Three different OR paper planes configurations known as OR-1, OR-2 and OR-3 have been used for comparative study. ANSYS-CFX simulation was fully utilized in this works to simulate the virtual wind tunnel on each OR paper planes configurations. Â The comparison works have been conducted to study the distributions of CL, CD and CL/CD on the closed wing configurations. CL results shows that OR-3 induces 16.6% better CL magnitude compared to OR-2 and OR-1. In fact, the OR-3 and OR-2 with larger hoop size produced better CLmax and Î±stall performances compared to smaller hoop configuration (OR-1). The CD performance also shows that OR-3 (with larger hoop configuration) produced at least 1.4% better CD min than the other configurations. However, the results show that OR-3 configurations has suffered from larger CD increment with at least 2% larger CD increment magnitude compared to OR-2 and OR-1. CL/CDmax results exhibited that OR-3 induces the highest CL/CDmax at 6.27 which is about 5.9% and 13.1% higher than OR-2 and OR-1 produced, respectively. The analysis on the low-pressure distribution area reveals that larger area of low pressure CP found on OR-3 has been lead into better CL magnitude for OR-3. Based on these results, one can presume that larger hoop size on OR paper planes induces higher CL and CL/CD max performances due to better low-pressure CP distributions on the wing.Â Â
Effect of reactive power loading on the stability of power network bus voltage and transmission line
Authors: Goa Tella Teshome , Simiyu Sitati Stanley , Nyauma Nyakoe George 
Published: July 2024

Increased loading results in the instability of bus voltages and power transmission lines, which results in the outage of power transmission lines. For stable operation, finding the maximum loading limit of buses is needed. This paper introduces newly proposed modified voltage stability index (MVSI) and line stability index (Lst) that are used to rank buses and lines, respectively, based onÂ the severity of load contingency. Thus, to account for the effect of inductive load on bus voltage and line stability, only load reactive powerÂ is increased upÂ to itsÂ maximumÂ stability limit. The MVSI and Lst areÂ determinedÂ using NewtonÂ RaphsonÂ power flow. Buses and linesÂ are then ranked using MVSI and LstÂ based on the severity of bus loading. The effectiveness of the new stability indices is evaluated against conventional stability indices based on the IEEE-14 bus standard systems and tested on the Ethiopian 230 KV power network. Results show that the proposed indices perform better in ranking buses and lines.Â Â Â
Comparative Study on Bending Strength of Metallic Bone Staple
Authors: Hidayatul Nadhirah Elmi Azham Shah Nur , Afiq Hanizar Muhammad , Hussain Ismail Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

This study compares bending behavior of metallic bone staples made with different metallic alloys; SS316L, CpTi and Ti40Nb. The staples were prepared by EDM wire cut in accordance with ASTM F564-10, standard specification and test methods for metallic bone staples. The materials of SS316L and CpTi were initially obtained from commercial rod, while the Ti40Nb alloy was manufactured by powder metallurgy (PM) process. Through this comparative study, development and feasibility of Ti40Nb, a Î²-rich TiNb alloy performance as a biomedical device specifically bone staple is studied. In the four point bending test, the data obtained for the metallic staple bending strength were 11.16Â±1.57 N/mm, 12.22Â±1.77 N/mm and 6.76Â±0.46 N/mm for SS316, CpTi and Ti40Nb, respectively. Only Ti40Nb experience failure whereas SS316 and CpTi bone staples suffers permanent deformation without failure.Â Â
Evaluation of the Performance of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Surahman Ramli Muhammad , Kalam Anizah , Md. Yusof Fauziah , Yuni Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

Natural fibers provide an alternative to artificial fiber as composite reinforcement, which can transform the industrial trend into more eco-friendly. Hence an investigation of the mechanical properties of banana and kenaf fibers reinforced polymer composites were conducted.Â Two composite systems were prepared by using alkali treated Banana fibers at several Sodium Hydroxide concentrations (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%) and hybrid Banana fibers (BF) and kenaf fibers at various ratio of BF/Kenaf fibers (0/100, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 100/0).Â The composites were fabricated using banana fiber and hybrid BF/kenaf fiber to reinforce epoxy and unsaturated polyester composite respectively using hand layup method.Â The tensile and flexural tests were then performed on the composites specimen according to ASTM D3036 and ASTM D790 respectively.Â The result indicates that treated banana fibers have a significant effect on the Flexural strength and Tensile Modulus.Â Meanwhile, hybridisation has achieved the highest tensile strength of 0/100 composite composition while the lowest was by 100/0 which is 20.04 MPa and 10.33 MPa respectively. The tensile strength gradually decreases as the concentration of kenaf reduced. In comparison with the flexural test, it shows the same trend as the tensile test where flexural strength directly proportional to the concentration of kenaf fiber.Â The highest tensile modulus was achieved by 0/100 at 3.24 GPa while the lowest was achieved by 100/0. This was expected as the strength of kenaf was better compared to the banana fiber. For the hybrid composite, 30/70 had the highest toughness compare to the other specimen. In conclusion, the tensile and flexural strength directly influences by the percentage of kenaf fiber. The higher the percentage of kenaf fiber, the higher the tensile and flexural properties. Hybridization improves the specimen in term of strain and toughness. This indicates that the hybrid composite was able to absorb higher energy before failure.Â Â
Computational Analysis of Adjustable Ankle Foot Orthosis for Cerebral Palsy Children
Authors: Noorul Amanina Darwin Eka , Tardan Giha , Halim Abdullah Abdul 
Published: July 2024

Children with cerebral palsy may present several gait patterns, and the most common spastic deformity is foot equinus. One of the most effective methods of correcting foot deformity is orthotics, which involves the use of synthetic or mechanical devices worn on the feet to stabilize, heal, or prevent deformity to weak joints or bones. However, the ankle foot orthoses that is available in the market are usually fixed and not flexible. The main aim of this project was to design an adjustable ankle foot orthosis with adjustable ankle flexion and to investigate the effects of shell thickness of the foot and shank to promote optimum product. Proper engineering design process was developed in this project at several phases including the idea generation and conceptualization, evaluation of concept using Pugh Method, finite element model and analysis, and also the fabrication of the prototype using 3D printing technology. Variation of shell thickness of the foot and shank part was analyzed to predict the optimum thickness of the product. Results show that the model with .5 mm of shell thickness produces the best findings. The maximum value of von misses stress was predicted at 45.7 MPa and 4.7 MPa for the foot and shank part, respectively. Prototype model of the adjustable foot orthosis was successfully fabricated using 3D printing technology.Â Â
The Characteristic of Cobalt-Nickel-Iron Alloy Coating Coated on Aluminium, Brass and Stainless Steel
Authors: Rozlin N.M Masdek Nik , Salleh Zuraidah , Zin Abu Md , . . 
Published: July 2024

Electrodeposition is a well-known and economical method in the coating industry due to its low cost and fast process. This study investigates on the charateristic of electrodeposited Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating coated on three different substrates that is aluminium, brass and stainless steel. The surface morphology, microhardness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance of Co-Ni-Fe electrodeposited on aluminium, brass and stainless steel was determined. This study compares the different properties of the Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating coated on aluminium, brass and stainless steel which can enhance the mechanical, chemical and corrosion properties of these metals. Aluminium deposited with Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating had the highest microhardness of 427.4 Hv as compared to brass and stainless steel. Meanwhile the surface roughness for all metals deposited with Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating was reduced significantly. In terms of the corrosion behavior, brass coated with Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating has the lowest corrosion rate of 4.699x10-3 mmpy while stainless steel and aluminium had a corrosion rate of 19.82x10-3 mmpy and 66.15x10-3 mmpy, respectively. From the findings it can be seen that microhardness and corrosion resistance showed an increase of about 40% after depositing the aluminium, brass and stainless steel with Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating.Â Â
Design of Thumb Exoskeleton Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Rahman Mohamed Affandi Abdul , Azam Abdullah Shahrul , . . 
Published: July 2024

Thumb nerve injury is a common injury that will affect the movement of the thumb. Exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation typically focus on finger flexion extension and do not support thumb finger opposition, a crucial function for object grasping. This paper presents the mechanical design, implementation, preliminary evaluation and proof of concept of a portable thumb exoskeleton to assist thumb opposition movements and also design of a thumb exoskeleton rehabilitation device. The thumb exoskeleton is a device to help patients during therapy and rehabilitation process. The materials of all mechanical parts n exoskeleton were 3D printed and Arduino UNO was used for movement control. The thumb exoskeleton mechanisms are combined CMC abduction-adduction and CMC flexion-extension to move the thumb using linear actuator. Linear actuator controls CMC abduction-adduction motion where when the linear actuator is fully retracts; it will conduct the CMC joint into abduction position. When the linear actuator extends, it will conduct the CMC joint into adduction positionÂ Â
A Review on Vibration Analysis of Seismocardiography (SCG)
Authors: Seng Hooi Ng. , Bin Ismail Kamarulafizam , Mailah M. , Rizman Md. 
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews on the non-invasive cardiac diagnostic method using accelerometer. Currently, the clinical cardiac diagnostic tools that are available are acoustic stethoscope, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography. The ECG represents cardiac electrical activities that provide important information to diagnose diseases such as myocardial ischemia, infarction and arrhythmias. However, it is not very helpful to diagnose cardiac contractility dysfunction and valvular diseases. Echocardiography provides alternative solution to the problem. Based on the principle of ultrasound imaging, it can precisely capture the heart images that works in real-time. Nevertheless, it comes with high operational cost and requires a specialist who is an expert and properly trained. It is also not immediately available in most hospital and medical institutions. This review will emphasize on the technological trends of devices that are able to capture heart related diseases. The usage of accelerometer has gained lots of attention as its ability to detect micro-vibration is outstanding. It is placed on the surface of the chest and listens to the vibrations, which are produced by the operations of the valves. The ability to pick up such information somehow depends on many factors such as the sensor sensitivity, the sensor placement method, position and the extraction algorithm used. Each of these factors will be discussed and compared.Â Â Â
Protection of information from unauthorized access in the design of automated systems radionuclide spectrometry for civil engineering
Authors: P. Mikhnev Ilya , A. Salnikova Natalia , V. Mikhneva Svetlana 
Published: July 2024

Designing protection systems involves developing a protection model and transferring it to a specific software structure. The security model is a description, formalized or not, of the rules for the interaction of resources in the software-hardware environment of automated systems. Protection models allow you to focus on the most important aspects of the problem of protecting information, discarding the technical details of the system from consideration. The article presents research of information security tools against unauthorized access of automated radionuclide spectrometry systems based on a scintillation gamma spectrometer. As a result of the conducted research, the indicators of the system security were obtained, which allow to calculate and optimize the probability of damage from unauthorized access, taking into account the time of operation and the information security tools used. The developed analytical assessments make it possible at the design stages of automated systems to calculate the upper and lower bounds of the probability of unauthorized access to confidential information.Â Â
The role of social media in enhancing the learning process of Iraq students
Authors: Alaa Ibrahim Mahmood Al-Nuaimi ALI , Asmael Hamed Wathq , Hadi Ali Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Social media platforms are used to facilitate social interaction, likewise, the social media enhances and complements the traditional schoolroom teaching. This study examines the role of social media in enhancing the learning process by exploring the impact of student perceptions of social media, Engagement and Interaction with peers in enhancing the learning process among female students. The use of social media platform was noticed to be great among female students. Female students would opt to use improved learning methods by changing their learning styles to connect with an environment that has more dynamic social potentials, rather than studying in isolated environments that offers traditional learning styles. The positive impact of social media on the enhancement of learning processes comprises the learning style, relationship between students and experience of social media use, by nurturing social interaction and the sharing of knowledge particularly among female students in order to expedite social interaction, because female students are more comfortable with sharing ideas among their peers. This study employs the quantitative survey method among female students, and the results indicated that, the use of social media improves the learning process among Iraqi secondary schoolgirls through student perceptions, Engagement and Interaction with peers.Â Â Â
Investigation of solar radiation distribution over three zones north, middle and south of Jordan
Authors: S. Alrwashdeh Saad , M. Alsaraireh Falah 
Published: July 2024

Solar energy considers as the best alternative energy source in Jordan as the solar radiation average is high in Jordan which is between 4 and 8 kWh/m2. The average solar radiation is connected with an energy potential of 1400 to 2300 GWh per year. Electricity is the main source of energy used in Jordan as all daily applications rely on it such as heating, cooling, lighting, etc. For that studying solar radiation carefully is an essential issue to ensure the availability of the power when it needed. In this study, a solar radiation distribution is provided of three main zones in Jordan north, middle and south.Â Â Â
Towards Industrial Revolution 4.0: Employers' Expectations on Fresh Engineering Graduates
Authors: Azmi Aini Najwa , Kamin Yusri , Noordin Muhammad Khair , Nasir Ahmad Nabil Md. 
Published: July 2024

From the pass until now, the industry was affected by technological change and innovation. These paradigms are called industrial revolutions. These revolutions were caused by mechanization (1st industrial revolution), use of electrical energy (2nd industrial revolution) and electronics and automation (3rd industrial revolution).Â All these industrial revolutions did influence only the production itself, but also the labour market and the educational system as well.Â Currently, due to the development of digitalization and robotics, we are facing the next industrial revolution, known as the Industry Revolution 4.0. The emerging technologies have huge effect on the education of people. Only qualified and highly educated employees will be able to control these technologies. The skills needed by employers' in the Industry 4.0 have change due to the changes of the technologies.Â In this paper, we present the non-technical skills those are demanded by employers' in Industry 4.0 based on recent studies by doing meta-analysis technique. In addition, interviews with five employers have been done to clarify the meta-analysis results. Based on the results, the non-technical skills which are demanded by employers are communication skills especially in English, teamwork skills, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, entrepreneur skills and computer skills. Universities should be exposed their students with much more of interdisciplinary teaching, research, innovation and valuable industrial training to meet current demands of industries.
Effective Search-Based Approach for Testing Non-Functional Properties in Software System: an Empirical Review
Authors: Bala N.M. , Suhailan S. 
Published: July 2024

Search-based software testing (SBST)Â is considered an effective process in the generation of non-functional test cases. The SBSTÂ employs metaheuristic search techniques to evaluate the best-case and worst-case execution times of real-time scenarios. However, these search techniques suffer software re-modularization for software systems. In this paper, an exploratory review on some of these techniques such as Genetic Algorithms, Harmony Search and Simulated Annealing is presented by highlighting the fitness function employed, non â€“ functional testing and the challenges observed. The review also investigates each technique based on different applications employed in a white box, black-box, and gray-box testing. It shows that Harmony Search-Based Algorithm is the effective technique to address the problem of software re-modularization.
Protecting Online Privacy by Heightening Communication Path Using Different Hops Path Tor
Authors: Saad Amna , Roshidi Amran Ahmad , Mohamed Fadli Awang 
Published: July 2024

The vulnerabilities within the internet cause unauthorized person to hack and steal our private data and spot our location within the cyber world. Some people do not think this as an issue. They would be more upset if the link is down, the connection is slow or when the link is intermittent. Hence, without their knowledge, their well- being is being monitored by an unknown person or group. The in- formation gained can later be used against their personal interests. Others are very concerned about this matter. They want to protect their privacy and identity in the cyber world. We proposed a solution to curb these activities by providing extra layers of internet connectivity protection, in order to create anonymous communication on demand. In this project we develop two, three and six hops security of the Tor wireless router on a Raspberry Pi 3. The client can choose to use, either hardware based 3-hops path standard security Tor or software based security Tor custom for 2-hops and 6-hops paths via application software rebuilding using MSYS2 and MNGW tool. Our result shows that there is no significant performance different in term of the connections response time regardless of the number of the Tor path lengths.Â Â
Speckle Filtering Method in the Gonad Ultrasound Image for Mahseerâ€™s Fish (Tor Tombroides)
Authors: Asmaa Abd Razak Nurul , Madzin Hizmawati , Khalid Fatimah , Rina Mustaffa Mas 
Published: July 2024

In fish breeding production, it is crucial to know the maturation of the eggs before spawning. In order to do that, possible use of ultrasound in identifying the eggs in the gonad is investigated. From the previous studies, ultrasound imaging can be affected by speckle noise. Moreover, with the similarity and subtle difference between the speckle noise and mahseer eggs, there is a need to identify the suitable speckle filtering methods in order to find out the eggs in the gonad ultrasound image. Five speckle filtering methods, which are Mean, Median, Wiener, Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) and Optimized Bayesian Nonlocal Mean (OBNLM) are tested and compared. From the result, it is proven that Median filter is the best speckle filtering method compared to other four filtering method in order to eliminate the speckle noise in the gonad ultrasound image.Â Â
The Effectiveness of an Enhanced Weighted Method with a Unique Priority Value for Test Case Prioritization in Regression Testing
Authors: Ammar Asmaa , Baharom Salmi , Azim Abd Ghani Abdul , Din Jamilah 
Published: July 2024

Regression testing is an important and costly strategy in software testing. To decrease its cost, many methods have been proposed including the test case prioritization methods. The aim of the prioritization methods is to define an ideal order of test cases that allows for higher coverage and early fault detection with minimal number of executed test cases. However, the problem with most of the existing test case prioritization methods is the random sorting of test cases when two or more test cases record equal priority values. In this paper, the effectiveness of an enhanced weighted method using a unique priority value, UniVal, is proposed. Unival prioritizes test cases based on code coverage criteria with information from history of previous executions.Â In addition, a controlled experiment was executed, and the results were statistically analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results indicates better performance with regard to prioritize test cases and achieve higher APFD values.Â Â Â
Association of People Factors with Successful Enterprise Architecture Implementation
Authors: Azaliah Abu Bakar Nur , Sumarni Hussien Surya 
Published: July 2024

Many organizations are facing problem in Enterprise Architecture Implementation as it fails to meet expectations.Â While much has been written about the success factors related to EA framework, EA tools, and business-IT alignment process, there are few empirical investigations focusing on the people factors.Â Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the association of people factors with successful EA implementation by identifying seven people factors from the literature.Â A quantitative survey was conducted to assess the hypothesis that these seven people factors are associated with the successful EA implementation.Â The analysis reveals that only five factors are associated with the success of EA implementation, while two are not.Â Based on the result, this study highlighted that it is important to analyze the people factors in details rather than one whole factor because each of the people factors identified has their own uniqueness and success elementsÂ Â