bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aminopeptidase activities as prospective urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer
Authors: Taylor Jennifer M. , Yaneva Mariana , Velasco Kevin , Philip John , Erdjument‐Bromage Hediye , Ostrovnaya Irina , Lilja Hans G. , Bochner Bernard H. , Tempst Paul 
Published: March 2014

PurposeProteases have been implicated in cancer progression and invasiveness. We have investigated the activities, as opposed to simple protein levels, of selected aminopeptidases in urine specimens to serve as potential novel biomarkers for urothelial cancer.Experimental designThe unique urinary proteomes of males and females were profiled to establish the presence of a gender‐independent set of aminopeptidases. Samples were also collected from patients with urothelial cancer and matched controls. A SOP for urine processing was developed taking into account hydration variation. Five specific aminopeptidase activity assays, using fluorophoric substrates, were optimized for evaluation of marker potential.ResultsNineteen exopeptidases and 21 other proteases were identified in urine and the top‐five most abundant aminopeptidases, identical in both genders, selected for functional studies. Depending on the enzyme, activities were consistently lower (p ≤ 0.05), higher or unchanged in the cancer samples as compared to controls. Two selected aminopeptidase activities used as a binary classifier resulted in a ROC curve with an AUC = 0.898.Conclusion and clinical relevanceWe have developed functional assays that characterize aminopeptidase activities in urine specimens with adequate technical and intraindividual reproducibility. With further testing, it could yield a reliable biomarker test for bladder cancer detection or prognostication.
Improvements of MOVPE grown (11$ \bar 2 $2) oriented GaN on pre‐structured sapphire substrates using a SiNx interlayer and HVPE overgrowth
Authors: Caliebe Marian , Meisch Tobias , Neuschl Benjamin , Bauer Sebastian , Helbing Jeffrey , Beck Dominik , Thonke Klaus , Klein Martin , Heinz Dominik , Scholz Ferdinand 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article two methods for improvements of (11$ \bar 2 $2) oriented semipolar GaN grown by MOVPE on prestructured sapphire substrates are investigated.The integration of a SiNx interlayer helps to obtain a better crystal quality.Also the overgrowth of the MOVPE samples by HVPE is a way to obtain a smoother GaN surface. A high incorporation of oxygen on (11‐22) oriented GaN compared to (0001) oriented GaN grown by HVPE was observed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defect study of GaN based LED structure by electron beam induced current
Authors: Grinys Tomas , Jelmakas Edgaras , Reklaitis Ignas , Lapinskas Skirmantas , Kadys Arūnas , Malinauskas Tadas , Lin Chun‐Han , Yang Chih‐Chung , Tomašiūnas Roland 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBlue GaN based light emitting diode structure was deposited by metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique. The conventional photolithography technique followed by dry etching and contact evaporation was used to fabricate the mesas of the optoelectronic device. The produced structures were characterized by photoluminescence, electroluminescence, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron and atomic force microcopy. Electron beam induced current was used to study defects produced during the growth process. The electron beam induced current measurements showed that defect structures formed at different growth stages can be examined by changing incident electron beam energy and thus beam penetration depth. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MicroRNA‐155 and microRNA‐196b: promising biomarkers in hepatitis C virus infection?
Authors: Kałużna Ewelina Maria 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, evolutionarily conserved, noncoding RNA that regulate several important cellular processes. The versatility of these molecules allowed the accurate predictions that they would also affect the replication and life cycle of HCV. In this review, emphasis has been given to two selected miRNAs: miR‐155 and miR‐196b. Recent data indicate that miR‐155 is overexpressed in HCV‐infected patients, inducing an inflammatory state, and promoting virus replication and persistence even after the completion of antiviral treatment. It is also associated with the increased proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes, which promotes the growth of liver tumors. In contrast, miR‐196b is reported as a factor inhibiting HCV replication with cytoprotective, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Growing evidence suggests that these molecules could be used as potential prognostic and predictive factors and their antagonists or mimics as a promising therapeutic approach in HCV‐infected patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Assessment of Fish Assemblage Structure in a Large River
Authors: Kiraly I. A. , Coghlan S. M. , Zydlewski J. , Hayes D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Penobscot River drains the largest watershed in Maine and once provided spawning and rearing habitats to 11 species of diadromous fishes. The construction of dams blocked migrations of these fishes and likely changed the structure and function of fish assemblages throughout the river. The proposed removal of two main‐stem dams, improved upstream fish passage at a third dam, and construction of a fish bypass on a dam obstructing a major tributary is anticipated to increase passage of and improve habitat connectivity for both diadromous and resident fishes. We captured 61 837 fish of 35 species in the Penobscot River and major tributaries, through 114 km of boat electrofishing. Patterns of fish assemblage structure did not change considerably during our sampling; relatively few species contributed to seasonal and annual variability within the main‐stem river, including smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, white sucker Catostomus commersonii, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, and golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas. However, distinct fish assemblages were present among river sections bounded by dams. Many diadromous species were restricted to tidal waters downriver of the Veazie Dam; Fundulus species were also abundant within the tidal river section. Smallmouth bass and pumpkinseed were most prevalent within the Veazie Dam impoundment and the free‐flowing river section immediately upriver, suggesting the importance of both types of habitat that supports multiple life stages of these species. Further upriver, brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, yellow perch Perca flavescens, chain pickerel Esox niger, and cyprinid species were more prevalent than within any other river section. Our findings describe baseline spatial patterns of fish assemblages in the Penobscot River in relation to dams with which to compare assessments after dam removal occurs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Isotope Hydrology of a Large River System Regulated for Hydropower
Authors: Soulsby C. , Birkel C. , Geris J. , Tetzlaff D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractImpoundments, regulation and inter‐basin transfers associated with large hydropower developments affect runoff regimes, water residence times and stream water quality. We used stable isotopes to understand these effects on the river Tay system in Scotland, examining their spatial and temporal variation in surface waters at 22 sites. Spatial patterns of isotopes in stream water were consistent with those of precipitation, being more depleted in streams draining higher, colder northern headwaters and enriched in the milder western headwaters. To a lesser extent, spatial patterns also reflected effects of inter‐basin and intra‐basin water transfers at some sites. Temporal dynamics reflected precipitation inputs modulated by landscape properties, the presence of lakes and reservoirs, and regulation operations. Isotopic variability was highest in headwater tributaries with responsive soils and lowest downstream of lakes and reservoirs. Variability of isotopes in lower river sites was also damped as they integrate contributions from the rest of the catchment. Importantly, regulation from both reservoirs and inter‐basin transfers can distort simple input–output relationships for stable isotopes and affect catchment transit times with implications for water quality and in‐stream ecology. On the one hand, reservoirs and extension of natural lakes have created additional storage, potentially slowing flows; on the other, transfers have increased the volume and rates of water throughput in many of these water bodies, reducing hydraulic turnover times. Such effects tend to be quite localized and are not apparent at the larger catchment scale. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated detection system against false data injection attacks in the Smart Grid
Authors: Yu Wei , Griffith David , Ge Linqiang , Bhattarai Sulabh , Golmie Nada 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe Smart Grid is a new type of power grid that will use advanced communication network technologies to support more efficient energy transmission and distribution. The grid infrastructure was designed for reliability; but security, especially against cyber threats, is also a critical need. In particular, an adversary can inject false data to disrupt system operation. In this paper, we develop a false data detection system that integrates two techniques that are tailored to the different attack types that we consider. We adopt anomaly‐based detection to detect strong attacks that feature the injection of large amounts of spurious measurement data in a very short time. We integrate the anomaly detection mechanism with a watermarking‐based detection scheme that prevents more stealthy attacks that involve subtle manipulation of the measurement data. We conduct a theoretical analysis to derive the closed‐form formulae for the performance metrics that allow us to investigate the effectiveness of our proposed detection techniques. Our experimental data show that our integrated detection system can accurately detect both strong and stealthy attacks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on secret key generation mechanisms on the physical layer in wireless networks
Authors: Shehadeh Youssef El Hajj , Hogrefe Dieter 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTraditional security mechanisms are mainly based on the distribution of shared secret keys. Yet, this task is nontrivial in large wireless networks, because of mobility and scalability issues. Recently, it has been found that some properties of the physical layer of wireless communications can be leveraged for the purpose of secret key generation. In particular, the wireless channel has been investigated as a common source of secrecy to generate a shared secret key. We explore the most recent approaches in this area. Received signal strength indicator based key generation is firstly investigated. After that, we present some of the most recent approaches of key generation based on the channel impulse response. Moreover, we discuss some other physical layer methods. Thus, this paper provides a survey on the latest key generation mechanisms on the physical layer of wireless communications.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic cooperative media access control for wireless networks
Authors: Cao Bin , Li Yun , Wang Chonggang , Feng Gang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCooperative communications can obtain spatial diversity, high channel capacity, and reliable transmission without multiple antennas, and thus, it has become a hot topic in recent years. Different from existing research, this paper pays attention on cooperative media access control (MAC) mechanism, which considers both physical gain and MAC overhead caused by cooperation. To this end, a dynamic cooperative MAC mechanism for wireless networks, called DCMAC, is proposed. DCMAC can obtain the useful channel state information through broadcasting characteristic of wireless channel, choose the suitable helpers to relay data with our proposed helpers selection algorithm, and reserve wireless channel efficiently and dynamically. Numerical results show the effectiveness of DCMAC to improve the system performance.
Coloring, Distortions, and Puckering in Selected Intermetallic Structures from the Perspective of Group‐Subgroup Relations
Authors: Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Group‐subgroup relations are a compact and concise tool for structure systemization. The present review summarizes the use of Bärnighausen trees for classification of intermetallic structures into structural families. The overview starts with group‐subgroup relationships between the structures of the metallic elements (W, In, α‐Po, β‐Po, Pa, α‐Sn, β‐Sn) followed by examples for ordered close‐packed arrangements that derive from fcc, hcp, and bcc subcells (e.g. CuAu, Cu3Au, MoNi4, ZrAl3, FeAl, MoSi2). The main focus lies on more complex structures that derive from aristotypes with comparatively high space group symmetry: AlB2, Fe2P, U3Si2, BaAl4, La3Al11, NaZn13, CaCu5, and Re3B. The symmetry reductions arise from coloring of sites with different atoms or from distortions / puckering due to size restrictions (different radii of atoms). The resulting superstructures are discussed along with the consequences for diffraction experiments, chemical bonding, and physical properties.
Long‐term Results of the Paraesophagogastric Devascularization with or without Esophageal Transection: Which Is More Suitable for Variceal Bleeding?
Authors: Zhang He‐yun , Li Wen‐bin , Ye Hua , Xiao Zhi‐yu , Peng Yao‐rong , Wang Jie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported
that the paraesophagogastric devascularization with esophageal transection procedure, also known as the modified Sugiura procedure, was effective in the treatment of variceal bleeding. However, it was not widely accepted by other surgeons because of the high rate of rebleeding, complications, and mortality. To discover the effects of the paraesophagogastric devascularization procedure and the modified Sugiura procedure, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of these two procedures.Materials and methodsDuring January 1990 and December 2009, 278 patients with variceal bleeding underwent devascularization after failed pharmacotherapy and endotherapy. In these 278 patients, 180 underwent paraesophagogastric devascularization without esophageal transection (group I), and the other 98 patients were subjected to the modified Sugiura procedure (group II).ResultsPostoperative mortality was 7.2 % in group I, and 9.2 % in group II (P = 0.563). The postoperative rebleeding rate in the two groups was 2.2 and 3.1 %, respectively (P = 0.474). After a mean follow‐up of 67.9 ± 37.3 months and 67.4 ± 44.6 months, respectively, esophageal transaction‐related morbidity (leak, bleeding, and stricture) was 8.2 % (8/98) in group II and 0 % (0/180) in group I (P < 0.001). The overall rebleeding rate was 27 % (41/152) in group I, and 27.2 % (22/81) in group II (P = 0.976). The overall mortality was 28.3 % (43/152) in group I, and 28.4 % (23/81) in group II (P = 0.986).ConclusionsIn the management of variceal bleeding, paraesophagogastric devascularization without esophageal transection is as effective and safe as devascularization with esophageal transaction, but with less esophageal transection‐related morbidity.
Metabolic and bioprocess engineering of the yeastCandida famatafor FAD production
Authors: Yatsyshyn Valentyna Y , Fedorovych Dariya V , Sibirny Andriy A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFlavins in the form of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) play an important role in metabolism as cofactors for oxidoreductases and other enzymes. Flavin nucleotides have applications in the food industry and medicine; FAD supplements have been efficiently used for treatment of some inheritable diseases. FAD is produced biotechnologically; however, this compound is much more expensive than riboflavin. Flavinogenic yeast Candida famata synthesizes FAD from FMN and ATP in the reaction catalyzed by FAD synthetase, a product of the FAD1 gene. Expression of FAD1 from the strong constitutive promoter TEF1 resulted in 7- to 15-fold increase in FAD synthetase activity, FAD overproduction, and secretion to the culture medium. The effectiveness of FAD production under different growth conditions by one of these recombinant strains, C. famata T-FD-FM 27, was evaluated. First, the two-level Plackett–Burman design was performed to screen medium components that significantly influence FAD production. Second, central composite design was adopted to investigate the optimum value of the selected factors for achieving maximum FAD yield. FAD production varied most significantly in response to concentrations of adenine, KH2PO4, glycine, and (NH4)2SO4. Implementation of these optimization strategies resulted in 65-fold increase in FAD production when compared to the non-optimized control conditions. Recombinant strain that has been cultivated for 40 h under optimized conditions achieved a FAD accumulation of 451 mg/l. So, for the first time yeast strains overproducing FAD were obtained, and the growth media composition for maximum production of this nucleotide was designed.
Long‐term experience with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in MPS II patients with a severe phenotype: an international case series
Authors: Lampe Christina , Bosserhoff Ann‐Kathrin , Burton Barbara K. , Giugliani Roberto , de Souza Carolina F. , Bittar Camila , Muschol Nicole , Olson Rebecca , Mendelsohn Nancy J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionNo published clinical trial data are available to inform the use of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in patients with the severe (neuropathic) phenotype of mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II). Current guidelines recommend ERT administered intravenously be used on a trial basis in this population.Aims/methodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at five international centers for this case series of 22 patients with neuropathic MPS II who received intravenous idursulfase 0.5 mg/kg weekly for at least 2 consecutive years. We collected data about urinary glycosaminoglycan levels, adverse events, and the following somatic signs/symptoms: skeletal disease, joint range of motion, liver/spleen size, respiratory infections, cardiac disease, diarrhea, skin/hair texture, and hospitalizations.ResultsThe age at diagnosis was 2 months to 5 years, and the age at idursulfase initiation was between 18 months and 21 years. One of 22 patients experienced improvements in seven somatic signs/symptoms; 17/22 experienced improvements in five to six somatic signs/symptoms; and 4/22 experienced improvements in four somatic signs/symptoms. None experienced fewer than four improvements. No new safety concerns arose. Infusion‐related reactions were experienced by 4/22 patients but were successfully managed using accepted strategies.ConclusionsLong‐term treatment with idursulfase was associated with improvements in somatic manifestations in this case series of patients with neuropathic MPS II. The family and medical team should maintain open lines of communication to make treatment decisions that take into consideration the benefits and limitations of ERT in this population.
Soil organic carbon stock and chemical composition along an altitude gradient in the Lushan Mountain, subtropical China
Authors: Du Baoming , Kang Hongzhang , Pumpanen Jukka , Zhu Penghua , Yin Shan , Zou Qin , Wang Zhe , Kong Fanqian , Liu Chunjiang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) stock in mountain ecosystems is highly heterogeneous because of differences in soil, climate, and vegetation with elevation. Little is known about the spatial distribution and chemical composition of SOC along altitude gradients in subtropical mountain regions, and the controlling factors remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the changes in SOC stock and chemical composition along an elevation gradient (219, 405, 780, and 1268 m a.s.l.) on Lushan Mountain, subtropical China. The results suggested that SOC stocks were significantly higher at high altitude sites (1268 m) than at low altitude ones (219, 405, and 780 m), but the lower altitude sites did not differ significantly. SOC stocks correlated positively with mean annual precipitation but negatively with mean annual temperature and litter C/N ratio. The variations in SOC stocks were related mainly to decreasing temperature and increasing precipitation with altitude, which resulted in decreased litter decomposition at high altitude sites. This effect was also demonstrated by the chemical composition of SOC, which showed lower alkyl C and higher O‐alkyl C contents at high altitude sites. These results will improve the understanding of soil C dynamics and enhance predictions of the responses of mountain ecosystem to global warming under climate change.
The Effect of Inorganic Ions on Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Adsorption onto Hematite: an ATR‐FTIR Study
Authors: Potapova E. , Jolsterå R. , Holmgren A. , Grahn M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLinear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) are an important group of anionic surfactants within the detergent industry and have also been suggested for use in mineral flotation and enhanced oil recovery. Because of its great industrial importance, there are a number of publications on the adsorption of LAS on metal oxides; however, the effect of co‐adsorbing inorganic species on LAS adsorption has rarely been addressed. In this study we investigated the effect of calcium and carbonate ions on the adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) onto hematite at pH 8 and 10.5 using in‐situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. DBS adsorption on hematite was found to increase as pH was decreased from 10.5 to 8. Calcium ions promoted accumulation of DBS on hematite, with a larger amount of DBS on the surface at pH 10.5. Carbonate ions did not have any major effect on DBS adsorption on hematite. In the presence of both calcium and carbonate, the amount of DBS on the hematite surface was higher than without the two co‐adsorbing ions but lower than with calcium ions alone. Likely, precipitation of calcite reduced the total concentration of calcium ions available for the interaction with DBS on the hematite surface. The results presented in this work clearly indicate the importance of water chemistry for DBS adsorption and allow predicting adsorption behavior of DBS on iron oxides from natural and process waters of different chemistry, which is important for the industrial applications of DBS and the fate of DBS in the environment.