bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variants That Confer Resistance to Malaria Are Associated with Red Blood Cell Traits in African-Americans: An Electronic Medical Record-based Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Ding Keyue , de Andrade Mariza , Manolio Teri A , Crawford Dana C , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J , Ritchie Marylyn D , Denny Joshua C , Masys Daniel R , Jouni Hayan , Pachecho Jennifer A , Kho Abel N , Roden Dan M , Chisholm Rex , Kullo Iftikhar J 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
To identify novel genetic loci influencing interindividual variation in red blood cell (RBC) traits in African-Americans, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 2315 individuals, divided into discovery (n = 1904) and replication (n = 411) cohorts. The traits included hemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Patients were participants in the electronic MEdical Records and GEnomics (eMERGE) network and underwent genotyping of ~1.2 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the Illumina Human1M-Duo array. Association analyses were performed adjusting for age, sex, site, and population stratification. Three loci previously associated with resistance to malaria—HBB (11p15.4), HBA1/HBA2 (16p13.3), and G6PD (Xq28)—were associated (P ≤ 1 × 10−6) with RBC traits in the discovery cohort. The loci replicated in the replication cohort (P ≤ 0.02), and were significant at a genome-wide significance level (P &lt; 5 × 10−8) in the combined cohort. The proportions of variance in RBC traits explained by significant variants at these loci were as follows: rs7120391 (near HBB) 1.3% of MCHC, rs9924561 (near HBA1/A2) 5.5% of MCV, 6.9% of MCH and 2.9% of MCHC, and rs1050828 (in G6PD) 2.4% of RBC count, 2.9% of MCV, and 1.4% of MCH, respectively. We were not able to replicate loci identified by a previous GWAS of RBC traits in a European ancestry cohort of similar sample size, suggesting that the genetic architecture of RBC traits differs by race. In conclusion, genetic variants that confer resistance to malaria are associated with RBC traits in African-Americans.
Dual Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α/δ Agonist GFT505 Improves Hepatic and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Abdominally Obese Subjects
Authors: Cariou Bertrand , Hanf Rémy , Lambert-Porcheron Stéphanie , Zaïr Yassine , Sauvinet Valérie , Noël Benoit , Flet Laurent , Vidal Hubert , Staels Bart , Laville Martine 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
The development of new insulin sensitizers is an unmet need for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of GFT505, a dual peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-α/δ agonist, on peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-two abdominally obese insulin-resistant males (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance &gt;3) were randomly assigned in a randomized crossover study to subsequent 8-week treatment periods with GFT505 (80 mg/day) or placebo, followed by a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic insulin clamp with a glucose tracer to calculate endogenous glucose production (EGP). The primary end point was the improvement in glucose infusion rate (GIR). Gene expression analysis was performed on skeletal muscle biopsy specimens.

RESULTS
GFT505 improved peripheral insulin sensitivity, with a 21% (P = 0.048) increase of the GIR at the second insulin infusion period. GFT505 also enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity, with a 44% (P = 0.006) increase of insulin suppression of EGP at the first insulin infusion period. Insulin-suppressed plasma free fatty acid concentrations were significantly reduced on GFT505 treatment (0.21 ± 0.07 vs. 0.27 ± 0.11 mmol/L; P = 0.006). Neither PPARα nor PPARδ target genes were induced in skeletal muscle, suggesting a liver-targeted action of GFT505. GFT505 significantly reduced fasting plasma triglycerides (−21%; P = 0.003) and LDL cholesterol (−13%; P = 0.0006), as well as liver enzyme concentrations (γ-glutamyltranspeptidase: −30.4%, P = 0.003; alanine aminotransferase: −20.5%, P = 0.004). There was no safety concern or any indication of PPARγ activation with GFT505.

CONCLUSIONS
The dual PPARα/δ agonist GFT505 is a liver-targeted insulin-sensitizer that is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Repeatability and reproducibility of measurements obtained via two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography of the left atrium and time-left atrial area curve analysis in healthy dogs
Authors: Osuga Tatsuyuki , Nakamura Kensuke , Lim Sue Yee , Tamura Yu , Kumara Wickramasekara Rajapakshage Bandula , Murakami Masahiro , Sasaki Noboru , Morishita Keitaro , Ohta Hiroshi , Yamasaki Masahiro , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate left atrial phasic function in healthy dogs by means of 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography with time-left atrial area curve analysis and to assess repeatability and reproducibility of obtained measurements.
Animals—6 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Each dog underwent echocardiography twice on different days (3 nonconsecutive examinations/d). Images were analyzed with offline software; area of the left atrium was automatically calculated in each frame throughout the cardiac cycle to derive time-left atrial area curves. Variables used to assess left atrial phasic function (total, passive, and active emptying area and emptying fractions and mean active and total emptying rates) were calculated. Agreement between variables measured via speckle tracking echocardiography and a manual tracing method was assessed with modified Bland-Altman analysis. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were determined.
Results—Mean ± SD total, passive, and active emptying fractions of the left atrium were 49.8 ± 3.5%, 277 ± 4.0%, and 30.5 ± 4.3%, respectively. Mean ± SD total and active emptying rates were 16.0 ± 2.5 cm2/s and 25.1 ± 4.9 cm2/s, respectively. Within-day and between-day coefficients of variation were < 20% (range, 0.41% to 16.4%) for all variables except mean active emptying rate (between-day coefficient of variation, 29.2%). Agreement between variables measured via speckle tracking echocardiography and the manual tracing method was good, and differences between methods were nonsignificant.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Evaluation of left atrial phasic function via speckle tracking echocardiography was feasible; repeatability and reproducibility of measurements were adequate in healthy dogs. Studies are needed to determine clinical applicability in canine patients.
Evaluation of esophageal high-resolution manometry in awake and sedated dogs
Authors: Kempf Jennifer , Heinrich Henriette , Reusch Claudia E. , Kook Peter H. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of high-resolution manometry (HRM) in awake and sedated dogs and to assess potential effects of a standard sedation protocol.
Animals—22 Beagles.
Procedures—An HRM catheter with 36 pressure sensors was inserted intranasally in each dog. After an adaption period of 5 minutes, each set of measurements included 5 swallows of a liquid and 5 swallows of a solid bolus. Measurements were repeated 30 minutes after IM administration of buprenorphine and acepromazine.
Results—HRM was successfully performed in 14 dogs. Data sets of 8 dogs were adequate for analysis. For the upper esophageal sphincter, median values of baseline pressure, residual pressure, relaxation time to nadir, and relaxation duration were determined for awake and sedated dogs for liquid and solid swallows. For the tubular portion of the esophagus, median values of peristaltic contractile integral, bolus transit time, and contractile front velocity were determined for awake and sedated dogs for liquid and solid swallows. For the lower esophageal sphincter, median values of baseline pressure and residual pressure were determined for awake and sedated dogs for liquid and solid swallows. Significant differences (awake vs sedated) were found for the upper esophageal sphincter residual pressure (liquid swallows), relaxation time to nadir (liquid swallows), bolus transit time (solid swallows), and contractile front velocity (solid swallows).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—HRM was feasible for evaluation of esophageal function in most awake dogs. Although sedation in uncooperative patients may minimally influence results of some variables, an overall assessment of swallowing should be possible.
Telemetric analysis of breathing pattern variability in recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)-affeeted horses
Authors: Behan Ashley L. , Hauptman Joe G. , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To use noninvasive respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) to investigate differences in breathing patterns between horses with and without recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) during the onset of airway obstruction induced through confinement to stables.
Animals—12 horses with no history or clinical signs of respiratory disease (control horses) and 7 RAO-affected horses.
Procedures—The study involved 2 phases. In phase 1, the optimal position of RIP bands for recording pulmonary function was investigated in 12 control horses. In phase 2, 7 RAO-affected and 7 control horses were confined to stables. Respiratory inductance plethysmography bands were applied to horses for 24 h/d to record respiratory rate and total displacement in 4-hour periods for 7 days or until RAO-affected horses developed signs of severe RAO that persisted for 2 consecutive days. Lung function was measured once daily.
Results—In phase 1, thoracic and abdominal cavity displacements were best represented by RIP bands positioned at intercostal spaces 6 and 17, respectively. In phase 2, pulmonary function indicated airway obstruction in the RAO-affected group on the final 2 days of stable confinement. Respiratory rate and total degree of respiratory displacement measured by RIP did not differ between the RAO-affected and control groups, but the SDs of these decreased significantly within 8 hours after stable confinement began in RAO-affected horses. Respiratory inductance plethysmography and pulmonary function findings became highly correlated as severity of disease progressed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The decrease in the SDs of RIP measurements indicated a lower degree of variability in breathing patterns of RAO-affected horses. This loss of variability may provide an early indicator of airway inflammation.
Performance of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Bernstein Jane , Ustun Berrin , Alomari Ahmed , Bao Fang , Aslanian Harry R. , Siddiqui Uzma , Chhieng David , Cai Guoping 
Published: May 2013

Background:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare tumors of the pancreas, which are increasingly diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). In this retrospective study, we assessed the performance of EUS-FNA in diagnosing PNETs.Materials and Methods:We identified 48 cases of surgically resected PNETs in which pre-operative EUS-FNA was performed. The clinical features, cytological diagnoses, and surgical follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnostic performance of EUS-FNA was analyzed as compared to the diagnosis in the follow-up. The cases with discrepancies between cytological diagnosis and surgical follow-up were analyzed and diagnostic pitfalls in discrepant cases were discussed.Results:The patients were 20 male and 28 female with ages ranging from 15 years to 81 years (mean 57 years). The tumors were solid and cystic in 41 and 7 cases, respectively, with sizes ranging from 0.5 cm to 11 cm (mean 2.7 cm). Based on cytomorphologic features and adjunct immunocytochemistry results, when performed, 38 patients (79%) were diagnosed with PNET, while a diagnosis of suspicious for PNET or a diagnosis of neoplasm with differential diagnosis including PNET was rendered in the 3 patients (6%). One case was diagnosed as mucinous cystic neoplasm (2%). The remaining 6 patients (13%) had non-diagnostic, negative or atypical diagnosis.Conclusions:Our data demonstrated that EUS-FNA has a relatively high sensitivity for diagnosing PNETs. Lack of additional materials for immunocytochemical studies could lead to a less definite diagnosis. Non-diagnostic or false negative FNA diagnosis can be seen in a limited number of cases, especially in those small sized tumors.
Motion in a Symmetric Potential on the Hyperbolic Plane
Authors: Santoprete Manuele , Scheurle Jürgen , Walcher Sebastian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe study the motion of a particle in the hyperbolic plane (embedded in Minkowski space), under the action of a potential that depends only on one variable. This problem is analogous to the spherical pendulum in a unidirectional force field. However, for the discussion of the hyperbolic plane one has to distinguish three inequivalent cases, depending on the direction of the force field. Symmetry reduction, with respect to groups that are not necessarily compact or even reductive, is carried out by way of Poisson varieties and Hilbert maps. For each case the dynamics is discussed, with special attention to linear potentials.
Outcomes of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus the Effect of Cone Location
Authors: Agrawal Vinay 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
One-year outcome of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus with reference to topographic cone location.

Materials and methods
Clinical audit of the results of CXL were used. Three hundred and seventy-eight eyes of 225 patients with preoperative and 12-month completed follow-up were included. Cone location was defined by cone location magnitude index (CLMI) using the Keratron scout topography system. The eyes were divided into two groups–central with cone location within 3 mm zone of the topography map and paracentral with cone location between the 3 and 5 mm zones.

Results
The overall group showed a mean flattening of the CLMI of 1.67 D [preoperative 53.35 ± 5.63 D, 12 months 51.69 ± 4.67 (p = 0.095)]. The flattening in central cone group was 2.67 D [preoperative 54.01 ± 5.3819, at 12 months to 51.341 ± 4.588 (p = 0.016)]. In paracentral cone group the flattening was lesser at 1.73 D [preoperative apex K 52.805 ± 6.382, at 12 months 51.03 ± 4.82 (p = 0.006)]. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The central cone group showed no significant shift in cone position [preoperative 1.0059 ± 0.24, at 12 months 0.986 ± 0.206 (p = 0.45)]. The paracentral cone group showed a significant mean shift of 1.05 mm in cone location [preoperative 2.224 ± 0.440, at 12 months 1.196 ± 0.529 (p = 0.001)].

Conclusion
Cone location has an impact on the results of corneal cross-linking. The paracentral cones show a significant shift toward the center of the cornea and the central cones show a larger flattening.

How to cite this article
Agrawal V. Outcomes of Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus the Effect of Cone Location. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2013;2(1):16-19.
Cementless Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Using a Rectangular Cross-Section Stem for Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Park Myung-Sik , Cho Hong-Man , Kim Ju-Han , Shin Woo-Jin 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic results for elderly patients sustaining unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with an uncemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty using a double-tapered, rectangular cross-section stem. Thirty-seven patients (21 females, 16 males; mean age 73.5 years, range 65-88 years) who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty with a standard (double-tapered, rectangular cross-section) uncemented stem were followed up for a minimum of two years. At final follow-up, 27 patients (72.9%) had recovered their daily living ability (Barthel index), and 28 patients (75.6%) had recovered all walking ability at a community level (Koval's category).
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia associated with thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Binet I. , Nair G. , Schanz U. , Studt J.-D. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySome cases of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are refractory to plasma exchange therapy (PE) with persistence or recurrence of thrombocytopenia. We report two patients suffering from TMA of different aetiologies (associated with disseminated malignancy, typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome) with recurrent or persistent thrombocytopenia despite adequate therapy including PE. Since both patients were exposed to unfractionated heparin, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) was suspected as a cause. Pretest probabilities for HIT were intermediate. ELISA for PF4/heparin antibodies was strongly positive in both cases, and HIT was confirmed by heparin-induced platelet activation assay. Anticoagulation with lepirudin was initiated, with subsequent rapid increase of the platelet count.TMA might represent a predisposition for HIT. This could be due to TMA-related platelet activation with increased PF4 release. In TMA patients exposed to heparin and with refractory or rapidly recurrent thrombocytopenia HIT should always be considered as a possible cause.
Onlay Rib Bone Graft in Elevation of Reconstructed Auricle: 17 Years of Experience
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Han Jihyeon , Lee Yoonho 
Published: May 2013

Background A cartilage wedge block and covering flap are standard procedures for firm elevation of the ear in microtia correction. However, using costal cartilage for elevation of the reconstructed auricle can be insufficient, and the fixed cartilage wedge block may be absorbed or may slip out. Furthermore, elevating covering flaps is time-consuming and uses up fascia, a potential source of reconstruction material. Therefore, we propose an innovative method using autologous onlay rib bone graft for auricular elevation of microtia.
Methods From February 1995 to August 2012, 77 patients received a first stage operation with a rib cartilage framework graft. In the second stage operation, a small full thickness of rib bone was harvested through the previous donor scar. The bihalved rib bone was inserted into the subperiosteal pocket beneath the cartilage framework.
Results The follow-up time ranged from 1 month to 17 years, with a mean of 3 years. All of the patients sustained the elevation of their ears very well during the follow-up period. Donor site problems, except for hypertrophic scars, were not observed. Surgery-related complications, specifically skin necrosis, infection, or hematoma, occurred in 4 cases.
Conclusions Onlay rib bone graft used to elevate the reconstructed auricle is a more anatomically appropriate material than cartilage, due to the bone-to-bone contact between the bone graft and the temporal bone. Postoperative minor correction of the elevation degree is straightforward and the skin graft survives better. Therefore, reconstructed auricle elevation using onlay rib bone graft is a useful and valuable method.
Integrative Health Coach Training: A Model for Shifting the Paradigm toward Patient-centricity and Meeting New National Prevention Goals
Authors: Smith Linda L. , Lake Noelle H. , Simmons Leigh Ann , Perlman Adam , Wroth Shelley , Wolever Ruth Q. 
Published: May 2013

Objective: To describe the evolution, training, and results of an emerging allied health profession skilled in eliciting sustainable health-related behavior change and charged with improving patient engagement. Methods: Through techniques sourced from humanistic and positive psychology, solution-focused and mindfulness-based therapies, and leadership coaching, Integrative Health Coaching (IHC) provides a mechanism to empower patients through various stages of learning and change. IHC also provides a method for the creation and implementation of forward-focused personalized health plans. Results: Clinical studies employing Duke University Integrative Medicine's model of IHC have demonstrated improvements in measures of diabetes and diabetes risk, weight management, and risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke. By supporting and enabling individuals in making major lifestyle changes for the improvement of their health, IHC carries the potential to reduce rates and morbidity of chronic disease and impact myriad aspects of healthcare. Conclusion: As a model of educational and clinical innovation aimed at patient empowerment and lifestyle modification, IHC is aligned well with the tenets and goals of recently sanctioned federal healthcare reform, specifically the creation of the first National Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy. Practice Implications: IHC may allow greater patient-centricity while targeting the lifestyle-related chronic disease that lies at the heart of the current healthcare crisis.
Usefulness of Real‐time 3‐Dimensional Echocardiography to Identify and Quantify Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Patients With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Yu Yi , Sun Kun , Xue Haihong , Chen Sun , Yang Jianping 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe role of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony in Kawasaki disease is unknown. This study sought to establish values for real‐time 3‐dimensional (3D) echocardiographically derived LV dyssynchrony parameters and identify and quantify LV dyssynchrony in patients with Kawasaki disease.MethodsForty patients hospitalized for Kawasaki disease were analyzed retrospectively, and 40 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy control volunteers were also enrolled. The systolic dyssynchrony index (percentage of the cardiac cycle) from 16 and 12 LV segments on real‐time 3D echocardiography was analyzed to calculate LV dyssynchrony (defined as the standard deviation of the time to reach the minimum systolic volume for 16 LV segments) according to a 17‐segment model. We analyzed the 3D LV ejection fraction (LVEF), end‐diastolic volume, and end‐systolic volume in the patients with Kawasaki disease compared to the controls.ResultsThe 16‐segment systolic dyssynchrony index ± SD was significantly higher in the patients with Kawasaki disease: 2.73% ± 0.96% compared to 2.01% ± 0.85% in the controls (P < .05). The 12‐segment systolic dyssynchrony index in the patients with Kawasaki disease was 2.65% ± 0.93% compared to 1.98% ± 0.81% in the controls (P< .05). Patients with Kawasaki disease and an LVEF of less than 50% had a significantly higher systolic dyssynchrony index compared to patients with an LVEF of 50% or greater (2.89% ± 0.79% versus 2.26% ± 0.73%; P < .05). The LVEF measured by echocardiography was decreased in the patients with Kawasaki disease, and global systolic function was impaired. The LVEF measured by a biplane method was sufficiently related to the LVEF measured by echocardiography.ConclusionsReal‐time 3D echocardiography is a noninvasive and feasible method for identifying and evaluating LV dyssynchrony in children with Kawasaki disease. Left ventricular dyssynchrony is significantly impaired and related to LV systolic function in patients with Kawasaki disease.