bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Protective Ventilation Adherence and Outcomes for Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated in an Intermediate Care Unit Repurposed to ICU Level of Care
Authors: Hochberg Chad H. , Case Aaron S. , Psoter Kevin J. , Brodie Daniel , Dezube Rebecca H. , Sahetya Sarina K. , Outten Carrie , Street Lara , Eakin Michelle N. , Hager David N. 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, some centers converted intermediate care units (IMCUs) to COVID-19 ICUs (IMCU/ICUs). In this study, we compared adherence to lung protective ventilation (LPV) and outcomes for patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated in an IMCU/ICU versus preexisting medical ICUs (MICUs).

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational study using electronic medical record data.

SETTING:
Two academic medical centers from March 2020 to September 2020 (period 1) and October 2020 to May 2021 (period 2), which capture the first two COVID-19 surges in this health system.

PATIENTS:
Adults with COVID-19 receiving invasive mechanical ventilation who met ARDS oxygenation criteria (Pao
2/Fio
2 ≤ 300 mm Hg or Spo
2/Fio
2 ≤ 315).

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We defined LPV adherence as the percent of the first 48 hours of mechanical ventilation that met a restrictive definition of LPV of, tidal volume/predicted body weight (Vt/PBW) less than or equal to 6.5 mL/kg and plateau pressure (Pplat) less than or equal to 30 cm H2
o. In an expanded definition, we added that if Pplat is greater than 30 cm H2
o, Vt/PBW had to be less than 6.0 mL/kg. Using the restricted definition, period 1 adherence was lower among 133 IMCU/ICU versus 199 MICU patients (92% [95% CI, 50–100] vs. 100% [86–100], p = 0.05). Period 2 adherence was similar between groups (100% [75–100] vs. 95% CI [65–100], p = 0.68). A similar pattern was observed using the expanded definition. For the full study period, the adjusted hazard of death at 90 days was lower in IMCU/ICU versus MICU patients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55–0.99]), whereas ventilator liberation by day 28 was similar between groups (adjusted subdistribution HR 1.09 [95% CI, 0.85–1.39]).

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with COVID-19 ARDS treated in an IMCU/ICU, LPV adherence was similar to, and observed survival better than those treated in preexisting MICUs. With adequate resources, protocols, and staffing, IMCUs provide an effective source of additional ICU capacity for patients with acute respiratory failure.
Temporary Intravascular Shunting Using a Pruitt-F3 Carotid Shunt for Traumatic Popliteal Artery Injury
Authors: Izawa Yuta , Murakami Hiroko , Sato Kazuo , Minegishi Mizuki , Tsuchida Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2024

Summary:
Temporary intravascular shunting (TIVS) is an effective method to shorten the duration of ischemia and contribute to limb salvage in the treatment of popliteal artery injury (PAI). Traditionally used shunt tubes require ligation or clamping to the blood vessel, which has the disadvantage of causing secondary damage to the vessel. We present two cases in which TIVS was performed using the Pruitt-F3 Carotid Shunt (LeMaitre Vascular Inc., Burlington, Mass.) for traumatic PAI and report the effectiveness of the method. Two patients diagnosed with PAI had pallor of the feet and complete motor and sensory paralysis. The patients were immediately transferred to the operating room. PAI was confirmed in one patient by the medial approach and in the other by the posterior approach. In both patients, the vascular injury extended to the vicinity of the bifurcation into the anterior tibial artery. TIVS was performed using a 9Fr Pruitt-F3 Carotid Shunt. In both patients, the color tone of the feet improved. No vascular damage occurred secondary to TIVS. The popliteal artery was reconstructed using a great saphenous vein graft on the contralateral lower extremity, and the limb was salvaged. If the artery is injured near its bifurcation, it may be possible to preserve the branch vessel by using the Pruitt-F3 Carotid Shunt for TIVS.
Expert Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Ocular Surface Inflammation in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Messmer Elisabeth M. , Baudouin Christophe , Benitez-Del-Castillo José-Manuel , Iester Michele , Anton Alfonso , Thygesen John , Topouzis Fotis 
Published: July 2024

Précis:We have developed through a consensus process 24 clinical recommendations for the comprehensive management of ocular surface inflammation in glaucoma patients, including diagnostic criteria, prevention measures, and treatment strategies according to ocular surface disease severity.Purpose:To obtain expert consensus on the diagnosis, prevention, and management of ocular surface inflammation (OSI) in patients with glaucoma.Methods:An international steering committee of glaucoma and/or ocular surface disease (OSD) experts and a wider faculty of members from the Educational Club of Ocular Surface and Glaucoma (ECOS-G) collaborated to develop clinical recommendations on best practice in the management of OSI in glaucoma patients using a nonanonymous interactive quasi-Delphi process. Clinical recommendations were formulated by the steering committee based on an analysis of the recent literature to determine unmet needs, together with a web-based interactive survey of faculty members’ opinion in seven identified areas of OSI management in glaucoma. Topics included (1) diagnosis of OSD, (2) diagnosis of OSI, (3) causes of OSI, (4) impact of OSD/OSI, (5) prevention of OSI, (6) treatment of OSI, and (7) inflammation and the deep structures of the eye. Faculty members were invited to vote on the clinical recommendations, and the steering committee then determined whether consensus had been achieved.Results:Consensus was obtained on 24 clinical recommendations by 80%–100% of faculty members. There was consensus that OSI should be investigated in all glaucoma patients. The main prevention measure in glaucoma patients with pre-existing OSD was the elimination/minimisation of preserved medications, especially BAK-preserved eye drops. A subtractive treatment strategy rather than an additive strategy is recommended according to OSI/OSD severity to improve the ocular health and/or before glaucoma surgery.Conclusion:These recommendations for the management of OSI in glaucoma should be useful to guide decision-making in clinical practice.
Liver resection had better disease-free survival rates compared with radiofrequency ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis based on randomized clinical trials
Authors: Yeo Yee-Hui , Kang Yi-No , Chen Chiehfeng , Lee Teng-Yu , Yeh Chun-Chieh , Huang Tsai-Wei , Wu Chun-Ying 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Liver resection (LR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are the most commonly used treatment modalities for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (ES-HCC). The comparative efficacy of LR and RFA in ES-HCC remains debated. The authors conducted a meta-analysis based on randomized trials to compare the outcomes of LR and RFA.

Methods:
The authors searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing RFA and LR interventions for the treatment of ES-HCC. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The authors used meta-regression to determine the source of heterogeneity and conducted a trial sequential analysis to examine whether the outcome was statistically reliable.

Results:
Our meta-analysis included nine RCTs with a total of 1516 HCC patients. Compared with patients receiving RFA, those receiving LR did not have significantly different 2-year OS (HR=1.28, 95% CI: 0.73–2.23) and 5-year OS (HR=1.49, 95% CI: 0.99–2.24). However, patients receiving LR showed a favorable trend in 2-year DFS (HR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.16–1.69) and 5-year DFS (HR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.05–1.77), although these results are not conclusive due to underpowered significance. The heterogeneity was low, and the outcomes were statistically reliable.

Discussion:
Meta-analysis suggests that while LR shows a favorable trend in DFS compared to RFA for ES-HCC, the present evidence does not thoroughly support recommending LR over RFA. The inconclusive nature of these findings highlights the need for further large-scale RCTs to establish definitive comparative efficacy.
The Impact of Graduate Record Exam Threshold Scores in Disqualifying Underrepresented Ethnic–Racial Minority Applicants for Admission to a Doctor of Physical Therapy Program
Authors: Coleman-Salgado Bryan , Moore Brian 
Published: July 2024

Introduction.
A growing number of graduate-level health professions education programs in the United States are discontinuing the use of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) in their admissions requirements amidst concerns that its use puts Underrepresented Racial Minority (URRM) applicants at a disadvantage. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzes the association between ethnic–racial selection and the reasons for disqualification among applicants to a public Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program that used a minimum grade point average (GPA), and Analytic Writing and Quantitative Reasoning GRE minimum threshold scores to qualify applicants.

Review of Literature.
There is evidence across the health professions literature that both GRE scores and GPA are associated with success on licensure examinations and academic performance. However, these variables also tend to disadvantage URRM applicants in gaining admissions to postgraduate health care fields, including physical therapy.

Subjects.
All applicants (N = 4,797) to a single DPT program from a 9-year period were included.

Methods.
Racial and ethnic self-selections, GRE scores, and prerequisite GPA were coded for each applicant and classified for meeting qualifying criteria.

Results.
The URRM applicants were disqualified based on GRE scores alone (P < .001) and in combination of GRE and GPA at a statistically significantly (P < .001) higher rate than Overrepresented Racial Group (ORRG) applicants, although the associations were negligible or weak.

Conclusion.
Compared with ORRG applicants, URRM applicants were at a statistically significant disadvantage because of the GRE threshold scores requirement. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that use of GRE minimum threshold scores disproportionately reduced URRM applicants in the qualified applicant pool. This investigation can be used as a model to inform holistic admission decisions regarding the use of academic variables to achieve the diversity and success goals of the program.
Survivorship Experiences of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors
Authors: Ruan Jiayin , Cheng Huilin , Liu Qi , Xu Fen , Kwok Wilson Yeung Yuk , Luo Dan , Qian Ying , Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Li Hangting , Yeung Wing Fai 
Published: July 2024

Background
The number of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) survivors is increasing globally. Although qualitative studies in this population are reported, clear understanding of how allo-HSCT survivors experience survivorship is lacking.

Objective
This study aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize evidence from qualitative research on survivorship experience among allo-HSCT survivors.

Methods
A qualitative systematic review was conducted. A literature search of 9 databases and OpenGrey, Google Scholar, and Google was performed from inception to February 2023. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the eligibility of each study. Descriptive information was extracted from the studies by one reviewer and checked by another. Findings were extracted and analyzed using thematic synthesis.

Results
Seventeen articles were included. Four themes and 12 subthemes regarding allo-HSCT survivors’ experiences emerged: (1) recovery as being a longer process than they thought (influenced by long-term physical symptoms, disturbed by survivorship uncertainty); (2) experiencing a restricted survivorship life (shrunken social world, forced dietary limitations, centered around hospitals); (3) suffering from stigma and discrimination (perceived as a burden, seen differently by others, difficulties establishing and maintaining romantic relationships and marriage, limited opportunities in work); and (4) realizing something positive obtained during survivorship (enriched survivorship self-management skills, enhanced personal growth, developed positive relationships).

Conclusions
The findings reveal the challenges, needs, and growth that allo-HSCT survivors experienced during survivorship. Some understudied areas were identified, which warrant further exploration.

Implications for Practice
Targeted survivor-centered care should be provided to allo-HSCT survivors, and interventions to resolve issues experienced during survivorship should be developed.
Effect of a Web-Based Integrative Support Intervention to Improve Family Caregiver Positive Caregiving Experience and Quality of Life
Authors: Lu Shu-Hua , Yiin Jia-Jean , Lin Yun-Ping , Lee Kwo-Chen 
Published: July 2024

Background
Cancer caregivers experience significant stress due to their multifaceted role. Current support methods are limited by unidimensional assessments.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate a Web-based support system aimed at reducing caregiver stress and anxiety, and improving resilience, vigilance, and quality of life, using both subjective and objective measures.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial with a single-center, 2-arm parallel design and longitudinal assessment was conducted in Taiwan. Caregivers of patients recently diagnosed with cancer were randomly allocated to either a standard care group or an intervention group that received enhanced nurse-led support. Metrics including psychological resilience, caregiver burden, anxiety, quality of life, stress levels, and vigilance were systematically evaluated on a monthly basis over a period of 5 months, starting from the initial baseline measurement.

Results
Following the intervention, participants in the intervention group exhibited statistically significant reductions in caregiver burden and anxiety, alongside a notable improvement in resilience. Objective evaluations revealed a significant reduction in stress levels within this group. However, there were no discernible differences in vigilance and quality of life metrics between the intervention and control groups.

Conclusion
The Web-based program effectively reduced caregiver stress and burden, as indicated by multiple metrics.

Implications for Practice
This accessible and efficient Web-based support is beneficial for cancer caregivers facing diverse challenges.
Preterm birth among women with HIV: impact of preconception cART initiation
Authors: Duffy Cassandra R. , Herlihy Julie M. , Zulu Ethan , Mwananyanda Lawrence , Forman Leah , Heeren Tim , Gill Christopher J. , Harper Megan , Chilengi Roma , Chavuma Roy , Payne-Lohman Barbara , Thea Donald M. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To examine the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA) among women with HIV compared to women without HIV. Secondary objectives were to explore the role of maternal immune activation (IA) and effect of cART timing on these outcomes.

Design:
Prospective observational cohort.

Setting:
Urban government-run clinic at Chawama Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia.

Participants:
A total of 1481 women with and without HIV with singleton pregnancies enrolled before 26 weeks’ gestation by ultrasound dating.

Methods:
From August 2019 to November 2022, pregnant women were enrolled in a 1 : 1 ratio of HIV infection. Maternal baseline clinical factors were collected, as well as CD4+, viral load and CD8+ T-cell IA in women with HIV. Birth outcomes were also collected. The association of HIV-exposure and cART timing on outcomes was assessed by multivariable logistic regression. The independent role of IA was determined by mediation analysis.

Main outcome measures:
PTB (<37 weeks) and SGA.

Results:
There were 38 fetal deaths and 1230 singleton live births. Maternal HIV infection was associated with PTB [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–2.32] and to a lesser extent SGA (AOR 1.29, 95% CI 0.98–1.70). Maternal cART timing impacted these associations, with highest risk in women who started cART after conception (PTB AOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.09–2.87, SGA AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.04–2.22). Maternal IA was not associated with PTB independent of HIV infection.

Conclusions:
HIV is associated with PTB. Risk of PTB and SGA was highest in women with HIV who started cART in pregnancy, a modifiable risk factor.
Laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision in colon cancer: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Nguyen Minh T. , Dang Thuan C , Nguyen Song T. B. , Pham Cuong N. , Le Duong D. , Pham Duc M. , Nguyen Tri H. , Phan Dung D. T. , Nguyen Phu D. V. , Nguyen Phuc T. , Doan Vung P. , Nguyen Son D. , Pham Vu A. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Compared to conventional colon cancer surgery, laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (CME) increases the likelihood of lymph node dissection. However, this surgery is not yet considered a safe strategy. The authors study this topic to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this surgery.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was performed on patients undergoing laparoscopic CME surgery at the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Hue Central Hospital.

Results:
Demographic data, surgical features, and postoperative complications. Evaluate different clinicopathological factors determining the number and distribution of lymph nodes; and the rate of lymph node metastasis by tumor location and lymph node groups. Three-year overall survival and disease-free survival follow-up after surgery.

Conclusion:
The results of laparoscopic CME colectomy surgery are safe, with a reliable maximum number of harvested nodes.
Rapid eye and hand responses in an interception task are differentially modulated by context-dependent predictability
Authors: Fooken Jolande , Balalaie Parsa , Park Kayne , Flanagan J. Randall , Scott Stephen H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHumans can quickly generate eye and hand responses to unpredictable changes in the environment. Here, we investigated eye-hand coordination in a rapid interception task where human participants used a virtual paddle to intercept a moving target. The target moved vertically down a computer screen and could suddenly ‘jump’ to the left or right. In high-certainty blocks, the target always jumped, and in low-certainty blocks, the target only jumped in a portion of trials. Further, we manipulated response urgency by varying the time of target jumps, with early jumps requiring less urgent and late jumps requiring more urgent responses. Our results highlighted differential effects of certainty and urgency on eye-hand coordination. Participants initiated both eye and hand responses earlier for high-certainty compared to low-certainty blocks. Hand reaction times decreased and response vigor increased with increasing urgency levels. However, eye reaction times were lowest for medium-urgency levels and eye vigor was unaffected by urgency. Across all trials, we found a weak positive correlation between eye and hand responses. Taken together, these results suggest that the limb and oculomotor systems use similar early sensorimotor processing; however, rapid responses are modulated differentially to attain system-specific sensorimotor goals.
Context-dependent roles for autophagy in myeloid cells in tumor progression
Authors: Choi Jayoung , Park Gayoung , Lee Steve Seung-Young , Dominici Erin , Becker Lev , Macleod Kay F. , Kron Stephen J. , Hwang Seungmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAutophagy is known to suppress tumor initiation by removing genotoxic stresses in normal cells. Conversely, autophagy is also known to support tumor progression by alleviating metabolic stresses in neoplastic cells. Centered on this pro-tumor role of autophagy, there have been many clinical trials to treat cancers through systemic blocking of autophagy. Such systemic inhibition affects both tumor cells and non-tumor cells, and the consequence of blocked autophagy in non-tumor cells in the context of tumor microenvironment is relatively understudied. Here, we examined the effect of autophagy-deficient myeloid cells on the progression of autophagy-competent tumors. We found that blocking autophagy only in myeloid cells modulated tumor progression markedly but such effects were context dependent. In a tumor implantation model, the growth of implanted tumor cells was substantially reduced in mice with autophagy-deficient myeloid cells; T cells infiltrated deeper into the tumors and were responsible for the reduced growth of the implanted tumor cells. In an oncogene-driven tumor induction model, however, tumors grew faster and metastasized more in mice with autophagy- deficient myeloid cells. These data demonstrate that the autophagy status of myeloid cells plays a critical role in tumor progression, promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on the context of tumor-myeloid cell interactions. This study indicates that systemic use of autophagy inhibitors in cancer therapy may have differential effects on rates of tumor progression in patients due to effects on myeloid cells and that this warrants more targeted use of selective autophagy inhibitors in a cancer therapy in a clinical setting.
Reversible disulfide bond crosslinks as tunable levers of phase separation in designer biomolecular condensates
Authors: Mondal Malay , Jankoski Penelope E. , Lee Landon D. , Dinakarapandian Daniel M. , Chiu Tzu-Ying , Swetman Windfield S. , Wu Hongwei , Paravastu Anant K. , Clemons Tristan D. , Rangachari Vijayaraghavan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBiomolecular condensates (BCs) are membraneless hubs enriched in proteins and nucleic acids that have become important players in many cellular functions. Uncovering the sequence determinants of proteins for phase separation is important in understanding the biophysical and biochemical properties of BCs. Despite significant discoveries in the last decade, the role of cysteine residues in BC formation and dissolution has remained unknown. Here, to determine the involvement of disulfide crosslinks and their redox sensitivity in BCs, we designed a ‘stickers and spacers’ model of phase-separating peptides interspersed with cysteines. Through biophysical investigations, we learned that cysteines promote liquid-liquid phase separation in oxidizing conditions and perpetuate liquid condensates through disulfide crosslinks, which can be reversibly tuned with redox chemistry. By varying the composition of cysteines, subtle but distinct changes in the viscoelastic behavior of the condensates were observed. Empirically, we conclude that cysteines are neither stickers nor spacers but function as covalent nodes to lower the effective concentrations for sticker interactions and inhibit system-spanning percolation networks. Together, we unmask the role of cysteines in protein phase behavior and the potential to develop tunable, redox-sensitive viscoelastic materials.