bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Mutual Coupling between Vertical Grounding Electrodes
Authors: Fujita Yuta , Ametani Akihiro , Nakamura Keisuke , Yamabuki Koichi 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the mutual grounding impedance between vertical grounding electrodes based on field measurements and FDTD simulations. In the case of vertical electrodes, the mutual impedance between the electrodes is almost completely independent of the electrode length, and thus the induced voltage is nearly constant as the electrode length becomes longer. This characteristic is different from that of an overhead conductor, where the electromagnetic‐induced voltage is proportional to the conductor length. The greater the separation distance between the electrodes, the smaller the induced voltage, as in the case of an overhead conductor. The propagation speed increases as the separation increases. It is found that the speed is not necessarily proportional to the inverse of the relative permittivity of the earth.
Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative 1,2‐Carboacylation of Activated Alkenes with Alcohols: A Tandem Route to 3‐(2‐Oxoethyl)indolin‐2‐ones
Authors: Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOxindoles are important heterocyclic compounds that are found in a wide range of pharmaceutical agents and natural products. A new oxidative tandem route to the assembly of 3‐(2‐oxoethyl)indolin‐2‐ones from N‐arylacrylamides and alcohols has been established by using inexpensive and environmentally benign iron catalysts and peroxides. In the presence of Fe(OAc)2 and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, a variety of arylacrylamides underwent the oxidative 1,2‐carboacylation reaction with alcohols to give the corresponding 3‐(2‐oxoethyl)indolin‐2‐ones in moderate to good yields.
Diterpenoid Alkaloid Lappaconine Derivative Catalyzed Asymmetric α‐Hydroxylation of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Zhi , Lian Mingming , Yang Fan , Meng Qingwei , Gao Zhanxian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA new framework derived from the commercially available diterpenoid alkaloid lappaconitine was evaluated as a Brønsted base catalyst for the enantioselective α‐hydroxylation of β‐dicarbonyl compounds by using 30 % hydrogen peroxide as a green and highly practical source of oxygen. This protocol allows convenient access to the corresponding α‐hydroxy‐β‐oxo esters, α‐hydroxy‐β‐oxo amides and (–)‐kjellmanianone with up to 98 % yield and 92 % ee.
Resorcin[4]arene‐Based Molecular Baskets and Water‐Soluble Container Molecules: Synthesis and 1H NMR Host–Guest Complexation Studies
Authors: Fankhauser Daniel , Kolarski Dušan , Grüning Wolfram R. , Diederich François 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResorcin[4]arene‐based molecular baskets, with four free or methylene‐bridged HO groups, and water‐soluble container molecules bearing poly(ethylene glycol) chains of different lengths on the lower rim and cap have been synthesized. These cavitands, topped with p‐xylylene bridges, feature well‐defined cavities capable of encapsulating heteroalicyclic guests. Association constants (Ka) were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy for the organic‐soluble molecular baskets in CDCl3 and for the water‐soluble container molecules in D2O/CD3CN (2:1). Opposite guest selectivities were observed in the two environments. Upon complexation, the water‐soluble hosts show changes in their 1H NMR spectra. In the absence of guests, the p‐xylylene bridge rotates rapidly on the 1H NMR timescale, revealing a time‐averaged achiral C2v structure, whereas this rotation is hindered by guest inclusion, resulting in spectra showing a racemic C2‐symmetric host, indicative of planar chirality.
HES6 drives a critical AR transcriptional programme to induce castration‐resistant prostate cancer through activation of an E2F1‐mediated cell cycle network
Authors: Ramos‐Montoya Antonio , Lamb Alastair D , Russell Roslin , Carroll Thomas , Jurmeister Sarah , Galeano‐Dalmau Nuria , Massie Charlie E , Boren Joan , Bon Helene , Theodorou Vasiliki , Vias Maria , Shaw Greg L , Sharma Naomi L , Ross‐Adams Helen , Scott Helen E , Vowler Sarah L , Howat William J , Warren Anne Y , Wooster Richard F , Mills Ian G , Neal David E 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCastrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is poorly characterized and heterogeneous and while the androgen receptor (AR) is of singular importance, other factors such as c‐Myc and the E2F family also play a role in later stage disease. HES6 is a transcription co‐factor associated with stem cell characteristics in neural tissue. Here we show that HES6 is up‐regulated in aggressive human prostate cancer and drives castration‐resistant tumour growth in the absence of ligand binding by enhancing the transcriptional activity of the AR, which is preferentially directed to a regulatory network enriched for transcription factors such as E2F1. In the clinical setting, we have uncovered a HES6‐associated signature that predicts poor outcome in prostate cancer, which can be pharmacologically targeted by inhibition of PLK1 with restoration of sensitivity to castration. We have therefore shown for the first time the critical role of HES6 in the development of CRPC and identified its potential in patient‐specific therapeutic strategies.
Cybersecurity: Energy Industry Mobilizing for Cyber Risk Control
Authors: Olcott Jacob , Sills Evan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFor organizations in every sector of the economy, the past 12 months have seen cybersecurity issues elevate from an IT problem to the corporate executive suite and the boardroom. Cyber threats continue to evolve and become more sophisticated, as threat actors increasingly target specific employees and third parties to gain access to corporate networks and data. The energy sector has not been immune to this phenomenon, and faces additional risk to industrial control systems that could cause significant and potentially catastrophic damage to business operations.
Memantine improves attention and episodic memory in Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Wesnes Keith A. , Aarsland Dag , Ballard Clive , Londos Elisabet 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveIn both dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), attentional dysfunction is a core clinical feature together with disrupted episodic memory. This study evaluated the cognitive effects of memantine in DLB and PDD using automated tests of attention and episodic memory.MethodsA randomised double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 24‐week three centre trial of memantine (20 mg/day) was conducted in which tests of attention (simple and choice reaction time) and word recognition (immediate and delayed) from the CDR System were administered prior to dosing and again at 12 and 24 weeks. Although other results from this study have been published, the data from the CDR System tests were not included and are presented here for the first time.ResultsData were available for 51 patients (21 DLB and 30 PDD). In both populations, memantine produced statistically significant medium to large effect sized improvements to choice reaction time, immediate and delayed word recognition.ConclusionsThese are the first substantial improvements on cognitive tests of attention and episodic recognition memory identified with memantine in either DLB or PDD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The translocation t(2;11)(p21;q23) without MLL gene rearrangement—a possible marker of good prognosis in myelodysplastic syndrome patients
Authors: Dvorak Pavel , Lysak Daniel , Vokurka Samuel , Michalova Kyra , Sarova Iveta , Jonasova Anna , Hruba Martina , Rykovska Anna , Subrt Ivan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe translocation t(2;11)(p21;q23) is associated with de novo myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and has an overall frequency of approximately 1%. The outcome of MDS patients with this translocation is not clear until now, because most of the clinical data addressing the t(2;11)(p21;q23) has been collected without investigating the status of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene. In this report, we present seven new patients with MDS diagnosis and the t(2;11)(p21;q23) in bone marrow cells; all of them without MLL gene rearrangement. They were found in two databases consisting of 1185 patients of two Czech institutions. These patients tended to be younger and showed a strong male predominance. A cytological and histological assessment of bone marrow at diagnosis revealed only mild MDS with marked dysplasia in megakaryopoiesis. Similar to other primary abnormalities in MDS (e.g. deletion of 11q), the t(2;11)(p21;q23) was frequently associated with deletion of 5q. Our results stress the common clinicopathological features of this entity and indicate that the t(2;11)(p21;q23) may be associated with a good prognosis for MDS patients (median survival 72 months). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION
Authors: De Fraiture Charlotte , Fayrap Aynur , Unver Olcay , Ragab Ragab 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWith a growing and increasingly wealthy and urban population, it is likely that the role of agricultural water management in ensuring food security will become more important. Pressure on water resources is high. Adverse environmental impacts as a result of sometimes poor management of irrigation and drainage are well documented, calling into question the sustainability of some of the current water management practices. Water, food, energy and climate are intrinsically connected. Greater pressure on water resources and, hence, stronger interconnectivity between sectors sharing these resources, call for new, integrated approaches to agricultural water management. This paper explores the links between water, food, energy and climate. It then explores the role of irrigation and drainage in food production and in providing other ecosystem services that are essential for the sustainable use of natural resources. The paper argues that looking at water for food production in isolation would miss important developments outside the water sector that determine the sustainability of agricultural water management. Integrated approaches to food production are not only necessary to ensure sustainability. They also lead to higher benefits per unit of water. For example, integrating food production with other ecosystem services provided by irrigation and drainage not only contributes to sustainability, it also leads to much higher economic value of benefits. This implies breaking disciplinary boundaries and encouraging greater cooperation from planning to implementation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Oncolytic Adenovirus Δ24-RGD in Combination With Cisplatin Exerts a Potent Anti-Osteosarcoma Activity
Authors: Martinez-Velez Naiara , Xipell Enric , Jauregui Patricia , Zalacain Marta , Marrodan Lucía , Zandueta Carolina , Vera Beatriz , Urquiza Leire , Sierrasesúmaga Luis , Julián Mikel San , Toledo Gemma , Fueyo Juan , Gomez-Manzano Candelaria , Torre Wensceslao , Lecanda Fernando , Patiño-García Ana , Alonso Marta M 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. The presence of metastases and the lack of response to conventional treatment are the major adverse prognostic factors. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new treatment strategies that overcome both of these problems. Our purpose was to elucidate whether the use of the oncolytic adenovirus Δ24-RGD alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy would be effective, in vitro and in vivo, against osteosarcoma. Our results showed that Δ24-RGD exerted a potent antitumor effect against osteosarcoma cell lines that was increased by the addition of cisplatin. Δ24-RGD osteosarcoma treatment resulted in autophagy in vitro that was further enhanced when combined with cisplatin. Of importance, administration of Δ24-RGD and/or cisplatin, in novel orthotopic and two lung metastatic models in vivo resulted in a significant reduction of tumor burden meanwhile maintaining a safe toxicity profile. Together, our data underscore the potential of Δ24-RGD to become a realistic therapeutic option for primary and metastatic pediatric osteosarcoma. Moreover, this study warrants a future clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Δ24-RGD for this devastating disease. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Conditional Disruption of the Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (Phd2) Gene Defines Its Key Role in Skeletal Development
Authors: Cheng Shaohong , Xing Weirong , Pourteymoor Sheila , Mohan Subburaman 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

We have previously shown that the increase in osterix (Osx) expression during osteoblast maturation is dependent on the activity of the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (Phd2), a key regulator of protein levels of the hypoxia-inducible factor family proteins in many tissues. In this study, we generated conditional Phd2 knockout mice (cKO) in osteoblast lineage cells by crossing floxed Phd2 mice with a Col1α2-iCre line to investigate the function of Phd2 in vivo. The cKO mice developed short stature and premature death at 12 to 14 weeks of age. Bone mineral content, bone area, and bone mineral density were decreased in femurs and tibias, but not vertebrae of the cKO mice compared to WT mice. The total volume (TV), bone volume (BV), and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in the femoral trabecular bones of cKO mice were significantly decreased. Cross-sectional area of the femoral mid-diaphysis was also reduced in the cKO mice. The reduced bone size and trabecular bone volume in the cKO mice were a result of impaired bone formation but not bone resorption as revealed by dynamic histomorphometric analyses. Bone marrow stromal cells derived from cKO mice formed fewer and smaller nodules when cultured with mineralization medium. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry detected reduced expression of Osx, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein in cKO bone cells. These data indicate that Phd2 plays an important role in regulating bone formation in part by modulating expression of Osx and bone formation marker genes. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The spectacle of the ball python (Python regius): A morphological description
Authors: Da Silva Mari‐Ann O. , Heegaard Steffen , Wang Tobias , Nyengaard Jens R. , Bertelsen Mads F. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCover illustration. Snakes have no moveable eyelids. Instead, the eyelids remain fused in the embryonic state to create the spectacle, a transparent structure that covers and protects the eye. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology, Da Silva et al. (pp. 489–496 10.1002/jmor.20230) provide a detailed account on the histology and ultrastructure of the eye of ball pythons (Python regius). The cover image shows the head of a live ball python (image: J.M. Starck 2005).
Modeling sighting heterogeneity and abundance in spatially replicated multiple‐observer surveys
Authors: Barker Richard J. , Forsyth David M. , Wood Matthew 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTFailure to account for dependencies among observers in multiple‐observer capture‐recapture studies will lead to biased inference yet methods that account for dependencies are poorly developed. We combined hierarchical capture‐recapture models and finite sampling theory to infer population abundance of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in the 5,812‐ha Mount Eccles National Park, southeastern Australia. We used plot replication to build a Bayesian hierarchical model of koala sightings by multiple observers. Given the number of koala present on a plot, we modeled counts of koala by a multinomial log‐linear model with interaction terms to account for between‐observer dependencies. We modeled total numbers using a Poisson log‐linear model with covariate and random effects. We estimated the number of koala as 1.9 koala/ha (95% CI = 1.6, 2.4). We found evidence of between‐observer interactions, highlighting the importance of having at least 3 observers in multiple observer studies. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Flow‐Induced Coalescence in Polydisperse Systems
Authors: Fortelný Ivan , Jůza Josef 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe theory of flow‐induced coalescence, based on the switch between the rates of approach of spherical and flattened droplets, is generalized to systems with different droplet radii. Probability, Pc, that the droplet collision will be followed by their fusion is calculated for systems containing droplets with two different droplet radii as a function of the average droplet radius. Analysis of the results obtained shows that Pc is a gradually decreasing function of the average droplet radius, 〈R〉 in broad range of 〈R〉 for systems with a large width of droplet radii distribution. The dependence of Pc for a polydisperse system should be considered also if experimentally determined average particle size is regarded as a result of the competition of the droplet breakup and coalescence in flowing polymer blends.
Correcting partial volume effects in biexponential T2 estimation of small lesions
Authors: Huang Chuan , Galons Jean‐Philippe , Graff Christian G. , Clarkson Eric W. , Bilgin Ali , Kalb Bobby , Martin Diego R. , Altbach Maria I. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeT2 mapping provides a quantitative approach for focal liver lesion characterization. For small lesions, a biexponential model should be used to account for partial volume effects (PVE). However, conventional biexponential fitting suffers from large uncertainty of the fitted parameters when noise is present. The purpose of this work is to develop a more robust method to correct for PVE affecting small lesions.MethodsWe developed a region of interest‐based joint biexponential fitting (JBF) algorithm to estimate the T2 of lesions affected by PVE. JBF takes advantage of the lesion fraction variation among voxels within a region of interest. JBF is compared to conventional approaches using Cramér–Rao lower bound analysis, numerical simulations, phantom, and in vivo data.ResultsJBF provides more accurate and precise T2 estimates in the presence of PVE. Furthermore, JBF is less sensitive to region of interest drawing. Phantom and in vivo results show that JBF can be combined with a reconstruction method for highly undersampled data, enabling the characterization of small abdominal lesions from data acquired in a single breath hold.ConclusionThe JBF algorithm provides more accurate and stable T2 estimates for small structures than conventional techniques when PVE is present. It should be particularly useful for the characterization of small abdominal lesions. Magn Reson Med 73:1632–1642, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel inductive decoupling technique for flexible transceiver arrays of monolithic transmission line resonators
Authors: Kriegl Roberta , Ginefri Jean‐Christophe , Poirier‐Quinot Marie , Darrasse Luc , Goluch Sigrun , Kuehne Andre , Moser Ewald , Laistler Elmar 
Published: April 2014

PurposeThis article presents a novel inductive decoupling technique for form‐fitting coil arrays of monolithic transmission line resonators, which target biomedical applications requiring high signal‐to‐noise ratio over a large field of view to image anatomical structures varying in size and shape from patient to patient.MethodsIndividual transmission line resonator elements are mutually decoupled using magnetic flux sharing by overlapping annexes. This decoupling technique was evaluated by electromagnetic simulations and bench measurements for two‐ and four‐element arrays, comparing single‐ and double‐gap transmission line resonator designs, combined either with a basic capacitive matching scheme or inductive pickup loop matching. The best performing array was used in 7T MRI experiments demonstrating its form‐fitting ability and parallel imaging potential.ResultsThe inductively matched double‐gap transmission line resonator array provided the best decoupling efficiency in simulations and bench measurements (<−15 dB). The decoupling and parallel imaging performance proved robust against mechanical deformation of the array.ConclusionThe presented decoupling technique combines the robustness of conventional overlap decoupling regarding coil loading and operating frequency with the extended field of view of nonoverlapped coils. While demonstrated on four‐element arrays, it can be easily expanded to fabricate readily decoupled form‐fitting 2D arrays with an arbitrary number of elements in a single etching process. Magn Reson Med 73:1669–1681, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Deposition Rates of Magnetron Sputtered Thin Films at Oblique Angles
Authors: Alvarez Rafael , Garcia‐Martin Jose M. , Lopez‐Santos Maria C. , Rico Victor , Ferrer Francisco J. , Cotrino Jose , Gonzalez‐Elipe Agustin R. , Palmero Alberto 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe describe here the deposition of thin films using magnetron sputtering at oblique angles. General relations between the deposition rates of the films and experimental parameters, such as gas pressure or substrate tilt angles, are deduced and experimentally tested. The model also permits the direct determination of the thermalization mean free path of the sputtered particles in the plasma gas, a key parameter defining the balance between ballistic and diffusive flows in the deposition reactor. The good agreement between experimental and calculated results supports the validity of our description, which becomes a useful tool to explain the main features of the magnetron sputtering deposition of thin films at oblique angles.
Complementary Approaches to Teaching Nature of Science: Integrating Student Inquiry, Historical Cases, and Contemporary Cases in Classroom Practice
Authors: ALLCHIN DOUGLAS , ANDERSEN HANNE MØLLER , NIELSEN KELD 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTResearch has now demonstrated that students can learn nature of science concepts variously through student‐led investigations, contemporary cases, and historical cases. Here we articulate more precisely the merits, deficits, and context of each approach and begin to profile how to integrate them as complementary methods. Emphasis now needs to shift to the needs of practicing teachers and the detailed strategies and modes of assessment that make each method effective and manageable in a classroom and institutional context.