bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEST MAPS AND DISCRETE GROUPS IN SL(2, ℂ) II
Authors: YANG SHIHAI , ZHAO TIEHONG 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper we present a new discreteness criterion for a non-elementary subgroup G of SL(2, ℂ) containing elliptic elements by using a loxodromic (resp. an elliptic) transformation as a test map that need not be in G.
ORE EXTENSIONS AND POISSON ALGEBRAS
Authors: JORDAN DAVID A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFor a derivation δ of a commutative Noetherian ${\mathbb C}$-algebra A, a homeomorphism is established between the prime spectrum of the Ore extension A[z;δ] and the Poisson prime spectrum of the polynomial algebra A[z] endowed with the Poisson bracket such that {A,A}=0 and {z,a}=δ(a) for all a ∈ A.
ALMOST ISOMETRIC IDEALS IN BANACH SPACES
Authors: ABRAHAMSEN TROND A. , LIMA VEGARD , NYGAARD OLAV 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA natural class of ideals, almost isometric ideals, of Banach spaces is defined and studied. The motivation for working with this class of subspaces is our observation that they inherit diameter 2 properties and the Daugavet property. Lindenstrauss spaces are known to be the class of Banach spaces that are ideals in every superspace; we show that being an almost isometric ideal in every superspace characterizes the class of Gurariy spaces.
Indolent mucormycosis of the paranasal sinus in immunocompetent patients: are antifungal drugs needed?
Authors: Jung H , Park S K 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:To report the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of indolent paranasal mucormycosis in immunocompetent individuals.Materials and methods:A retrospective review of four immunocompetent patients with indolent mucormycosis of the paranasal sinus managed by endoscopic sinus surgery only was performed. One year of regular follow up comprised angled endoscopy and repeated paranasal sinus computed tomography three months after surgery.Results:Clinical symptoms were non-specific. Pre-operative paranasal sinus computed tomography showed opacification of the unilateral maxillary sinus with focal calcification but without bony destruction or extension to the orbit or cranium. All patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery without administration of antifungal agents. There was no recurrence on regular clinical and radiological follow up.Conclusion:For indolent paranasal mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients, endoscopic sinus surgery can be the treatment of choice, and the administration of antifungal drugs may not be necessary.
Deep sequencing-based identification of pathogen-specific microRNAs in the plasma of rabbits infected withSchistosoma japonicum
Authors: CHENG GUOFENG , LUO RONG , HU CHAO , CAO JIE , JIN YOUXIN 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYCirculating microRNAs (miRNAs) have received considerable attention as a novel class of biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancer and as signalling molecules in mediating intercellular communication. Schistosomes, the causative agents of schistosomiasis, live in the blood vessels of a mammalian host in the adult stage. In the present study, we characterized schistosome-specific small RNA populations in the plasma of rabbits infected withSchistosoma japonicum(S. japonicum) using a deep sequencing method and then identified five schistosome-specific miRNAs, including four known miRNAs (Bantam, miR-3479, miR-10 and miR-3096), and one novel miRNA (miR-0001, miRBase ID: sja-miR-8185). Four of the five schistosome-specific miRNAs were also detected by real-time RT–PCR in the plasma ofS. japonicum-infected mice. In addition, our study indicated that schistosome Argonaute 2/3 may be an excretory-secretory (ES) protein. In summary, our findings are expected to provide useful information for further development of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and also for deeper understanding of the mechanism of host–parasite interaction.
The Arctic Council after Kiruna
Authors: Steinberg Philip E. , Dodds Klaus 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis note considers the latest iterations to the Arctic Council following the May 2013 ministerial meeting in Kiruna, Sweden. While new state observers including China and Japan were admitted, the European Union's application was deferred and the entire list of non-governmental and intergovernmental organisation applicants was rejected without consideration. Although time-based pressures may have been a factor, the failure to consider the non-state entities’ applications has the effect of reinforcing the impression that the Arctic Council is and will remain a state-centric body.
Relative risk of irritable bowel syndrome following acute gastroenteritis and associated risk factors
Authors: KOWALCYK B. K. , SMEETS H. M. , SUCCOP P. A. , DE WIT N. J. , HAVELAAR A. H. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYA prospective cohort study using electronic medical records was undertaken to estimate the relative risk (RR) of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) following acute gastroenteritis (GE) in primary-care patients in The Netherlands and explore risk factors. Patients aged 18–70 years who consulted for GE symptoms from 1998 to 2009, met inclusion/exclusion criteria and had at least 1 year of follow-up data were included. Patients with non-GE consultations, matched by age, gender, consulting practice and time of visit, served as the reference group. At 1 year, 1·2% of GE patients (N = 2428) had been diagnosed with IBS compared to 0·3% of the reference group (N = 2354). GE patients had increased risk of IBS [RR 4·85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·02–11·63]. For GE patients, concomitant cramps and history of psycho-social consultations were significantly associated with increased risk. GE patients had increased risk of IBS up to 5 years post-exposure (RR 5·40, 95% CI 2·60–11·24), suggesting there may be other contributing factors.
Sedimentology of lower Pliocene to Upper Pleistocene diamictons from IODP Site U1358, Wilkes Land margin, and implications for East Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics
Authors: Orejola Nadine , Passchier Sandra ,   IODP Expedition 318 SCIENTISTS
Published: August 2013

AbstractDuring the early Pliocene a dynamic marine-based ice sheet retreated from the Wilkes Land margin with periodic ice advances beyond Last Glacial Maximum position. A change in sand provenance is indicative of a more stable Mertz Glacier system during the Late Pleistocene. East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) dynamics were evaluated through the analysis of marine diamictons from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) site U1358 on the Adélie Land continental shelf. The warmer than present conditions of the early Pliocene coupled with the site's proximity to the landward sloping Wilkes Subglacial Basin provided the rationale for the investigations at this site. Based on visual core descriptions, particle size distributions, and major and trace element ratios, we interpret the origin of lower Pliocene strata by intermittent glaciomarine sedimentation with open-marine conditions and extensive glacial advances to the outer shelf. Heavy mineral analyses show that sand-sized detritus in the lower Pliocene strata was sourced from local intermediate to high-grade metamorphic rocks near Mertz Glacier. In contrast, Pleistocene diamictons exhibit a larger contribution from a prehnite-pumpellyite greenschist facies suggesting supply via iceberg rafting from northern Victoria Land. From this sedimentological evidence, we postulate a shift from a dynamic EAIS margin in the early Pliocene to possible stabilization in the Pleistocene.
Report on a Proposed Series of Denominational Histories to be Published under the Auspices of the American Society of Church History
Authors: Newman Albert Henry 
Published: August 2013

It seems unfortunate that a matter of so great importance as the enterprise before us should run the risk of receiving less attention than it deserves from wanting a worthier advocate. It may not be out of place if I relate some of the circumstances that have led to my occupying the present position.Early in 1887, in a conversation with Dr. Schaff, I learned with regret that it was not his intention to continue his admirable “History of the Christian Church” beyond the middle of the seventeenth century. His determination to close his work at this date was due, as I remember, to two considerations—advancing age and fulness of occupation, and the complexity of more recent Church history that makes it more suitable for monographic treatment than for treatment in general works. This conversation suggested to me the desirability of a uniform series of denominational histories, written, as far as possible, in the spirit of Dr. Schaff's general history, and, in a sense, forming a continuation of that work. My thought was that each monograph should be prepared by one of the best qualified Church historians of the denomination of which it should treat, and that the series should be prepared under a general editorship.
Institutions, Democracy and ‘Corruption’ in India: Examining Potency and Performance
Authors: CHATTERJEE SHIBASHIS , ROYCHOUDHURY SREYA MAITRA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe success of India's democracy hinges on the pivotal role played by its auxiliary institutions in negotiating major challenges through slow and persistent transformation. However, an objective audit of the performance of these institutions in the recent past would indicate a decline in operations and an acute crisis of corruption. Key institutions responsible for governance – Parliament, civil services, judiciary, the Election Commission, the Central Bureau of Investigation, the Central Vigilance Commission, and the Comptroller and Auditor General – have been put under the spotlight by an alert and mobilized civil society, urging immediate measures for ensuring their operational efficiency and integrity. This essay undertakes a critical examination of the present performance and efficiency of major democratic institutions in India, in the light of their prescribed roles and the malaise of corruption that plagues them. It argues that in order to articulate a comprehensive institutional response to the problem, relevant measures of political reform and constant vigil by civil society would prove crucial. The article is divided into six sections; first, a brief outline of the structure and changing nature of the institutional political set-up in India is provided; the second section examines the existing literature on ‘corruption’, and the third section highlights the increasing incidence of corruption in India at various politico-administrative tiers. The fourth section delineates the inception and role of anti-corruption institutions in India, signifying the early response to corruption. The fifth section critically reviews the theoretical and statistical evidence of performance-decline in the major institutions at present and gauges the potency of corruption; the sixth section explores the existing and prospective institutional responses for tackling corruption and the final section presents concluding observations.
A pan-Canadian web-based education program to support screening for distress: Evaluation of outcomes
Authors: McLeod Deborah L. , Morck Angela C. , Curran Janet A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:Cancer-related distress has been endorsed as the sixth vital sign by many international cancer organizations, and some countries such as Canada have implemented national screening for distress programs. The completion of a screening tool is an important first step in improving responsiveness to cancer-related distress, but screening must be followed with skilled supportive care to make a difference in patient-reported outcomes. Our objective was to create a web-based education program to support nurses and other frontline staff in providing an initial response to screening results.Method:To address screening and supportive care learning needs, the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO), with support from the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, created a web-based education program as one component of the national screening for distress agenda. The program provides clinically grounded and interactive learning through the use of PowerPoint presentations, video clips of clinical interactions with patients and family members, and test questions. Presentation topics include, for example, strategies for dealing with screening results, managing referrals, and supportive counseling. We employed a matched pairs, pre-post survey design to assess the effect of the education program on confidence in screening and in providing initial supportive care.Results:Our analysis of the first 147 matched pairs to complete the course suggests that satisfaction with the course was high. Statistically significant increases in confidence in relation to screening for distress and assessing distress, and in providing initial supportive care, were evident.Significance of results:Our ongoing experience with CAPO's Interprofessional Psychosocial Oncology Distance Education (IPODE) project (www.ipode.ca) project suggests that healthcare professionals value web-based learning for its accessibility and convenience. Such programs appear to offer excellent opportunities for cost-effective education that supports practice change.
Productivity differences between organic and other vegetable farming systems in northern Thailand
Authors: Kramol Pranthanthip , Villano Renato , Kristiansen Paul , Fleming Euan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe analyzed the productivity levels of smallholder farms in northern Thailand practicing different ‘clean and safe’ vegetable farming systems or conventional vegetable (CV) production. ‘Clean and safe’ farmers are categorized into three groups based on their use of synthetic chemicals: organic, pesticide-free and safe-use. Farm-level data on vegetable production were collected from random samples of farms operating these farming systems. A standard stochastic production frontier model and a metafrontier model were estimated for each system to obtain estimates of technical efficiency (TE) with respect to their cohorts, metatechnology ratios (MTRs, showing the extent of technology gaps between farming systems) and overall productivity measures. Productivity levels were found to vary moderately between farming systems. ‘Clean and safe’ farms achieved a higher mean TE score than conventional farms, indicating a more efficient use of inputs in producing a certain level of output within their system. However, their MTRs were significantly lower than those of conventional farmers, indicating greater production technology constraints because of the need to conform to strict guidelines. All four farming systems had at least one farmer who could overcome the technological constraints to achieve the highest possible output regardless of the technology used. Effective assistance providers were found to be crucial for farmers to achieve high productivity in the organic farming system. Improvements are needed to raise low productivity levels through technology transfer, value chain improvement and farmer capacity in production and marketing. The required improvement strategies differ among farming systems.
Socially Responsible Investing for Sustainability: Overcoming Its Incomplete and Conflicting Rationales
Authors: Richardson Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the wake of the Global Financial Crisis and worsening collateral social and environmental problems, socially responsible investing (SRI) has garnered more interest internationally as a potential civilizing influence on the financial economy. In particular, SRI is increasingly conceptualized as a means to promote environmentally sustainable development by disciplining financial markets to be more attentive to their ecological impacts. In this sense, SRI emerges as a putative form of transnational governance that utilizes non-state actors and mechanisms to promote sustainability in an economic sector that traditionally has had little accountability for its environmental performance. But as a largely voluntary movement, with rudimentary legal support, SRI so far has wielded limited clout.A hindrance to the aspirations of SRI is deficiencies in its rationales. This article critiques the main theories advanced to justify SRI from the perspective of their contribution to promoting environmental sustainability: the complicity-based doctrine, leverage-based responsibility, and the universal owner thesis. Apart from gaps or limitations shown in each rationale, the article demonstrates that they conflict with the existing parameters of fiduciary law responsibility of financial institutions. An alternative rationale that emphasizes the temporal perspective to invest over the long term is suggested as a better approach for SRI if it is to be relevant to the pressing challenges of promoting sustainability and governing global financial markets.
Thiol‐X Chemistries in Polymer and Materials Science
Authors:   Royal Society of Chemistry
Published: August 2013

Thiol-X chemistries are already well established techniques, but it is only recently that they have been exploited for the functionalization and synthesis of polymers and other materials. As such, information on these techniques is scattered across the literature and Thiol-X Chemistries in Polymer and Materials Science is the first book to compile work specifically focussing on the application of thiol-based chemistries in materials design and synthesis.
The book introduces the various thiol-X chemistries currently available and applications where they have been successfully used, including examples of 'click' processes, in polymerizations, polymer synthesis, and polymer modification. Short 'how to' sections within the chapters also provide general experimental techniques to employ the various chemistries described.
Written by leading experts in the field, this book is a comprehensive resource for postgraduates, academics and industrial practitioners interested in polymer and materials applications.
Patterns of Population Structure Vary Across the Range of the White Sturgeon
Authors: Schreier A. Drauch , Mahardja B. , May B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCritical unknowns surrounding the basic biology of White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus have hindered management and conservation efforts. Population genetic data may be used to address some of these uncertainties, but previous examinations of population structure in White Sturgeon have been limited by the highly duplicated nature of the species’ genome. We report results from an analysis of White Sturgeon population structure within and among drainages using 13 polysomic microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity levels varied widely among regions, and the lowest levels were observed in the endangered Kootenai River Distinct Population Segment and the highest levels were detected in regions with access to estuarine and marine habitat. Patterns of within‐drainage population structure varied, and no structure was detected in the Sacramento–San Joaquin drainage and a complex pattern of isolation by distance was revealed in the Columbia–Snake River drainage. These results contrast a previously published evaluation of a White Sturgeon population structure in the Fraser River, which revealed several genetically distinct populations within a single drainage. Examination of population structure among drainages, including from samples collected across the species range, revealed six populations. Populations in the Sacramento–San Joaquin, Kootenai, lower Fraser, and upper Fraser River drainages were distinct. The complex isolation‐by‐distance pattern discovered in the within‐drainage analysis of the Columbia–Snake River drainage was supported by the among‐drainage population structure analysis. Our results provide little support for the practice of managing each impounded reach of the Columbia–Snake River system as a genetically distinct population as adjacent reaches show little to no genetic divergence in these analyses. Variation in patterns of population structure across the species range indicates that the scale of spawning site fidelity for White Sturgeon varies regionally, which has implications for recruitment failure mitigation.
The Effects of Semichronic Thermal Stress on Physiological Indicators in Steelhead
Authors: Kammerer Brittany D. , Heppell Scott A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe physiological response of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss to prolonged heat stress was examined by exposing replicated groups of fish to three different temperatures, 15, 23, and 25°C, for 25 consecutive days followed by a 55‐d recovery period at 15°C. We found that at temperatures ≥ 25°C, steelhead consumed significantly less food per day and had elevated feed conversion rates but experienced slower growth, reduced body size, lower body fat, and elevated heat shock protein (hsp) 70 levels relative to fish exposed to 23°C and 15°C. Growth decreased 24.4% and 27.1% for length and mass, respectively, between 15°C and 23°C, and an additional 60% and 56.5%, respectively, between 23°C and 25°C during exposures. While growth increments and lipid levels recovered to control levels after water temperature was reduced, body size of the fish exposed to 25°C lagged throughout the experiment. Our results indicate a temperature threshold after which steelhead exposed to semichronic thermal stress incur a physiological debt. Heat shock protein 70 levels were detectable up to 25 d poststress in fin and liver tissues. This result provides evidence that hsp 70 is a useful metric for measuring thermal stress that can be assessed nonlethally and used to monitor thermal‐habitat restoration efforts for threatened and endangered salmonids.
Pathologic and Physiologic Effects Associated with Long-Term Intracoelomic Transmitters in Captive Siberian Sturgeon
Authors: Boone S. Shaun , Divers Stephen J. , Camus Alvin C. , Peterson Douglas L. , Jennings Cecil A. , Shelton James L. , Hernandez Sonia M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Intracoelomic transmitters are commonly used to evaluate migratory patterns, distribution, and habitat use of many species of fish. Currently, transmitter implantation relies mostly on the assumption that transmitters do not cause any adverse physiological or pathological effects on the animal. To investigate these effects, we surgically implanted 60 Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baeri with transmitters that weighed less than 2% of their body weight. Postoperative assessments were conducted at 1, 2, 8, 12, 26, and 55 weeks to evaluate surgical healing and transmitter retention. Blood samples were collected before and after the 55-week study for serum cortisol analysis. Overall transmitter loss was 32%. Minor to moderate adhesions were noted at necropsy but did not appear to affect organ function. One fish was noted to have an intraintestinal transmitter at necropsy, but the fish was in overall good health. Long-term transmitter presence does not appear to increase serum cortisol levels or affect overall growth more than nontransmitter fish. Although long-term telemetry studies can be undertaken with minimal concern for negative physiological or pathological effects from transmitters, researchers should be aware that transmitter loss rates may be higher than previously thought. Mechanisms for transmitter loss may include expulsion through the surgical incision, expulsion through the mucocutaneous junction between the large intestine and the vent, or intraintestinal capture and expulsion through the vent.
Received February 10, 2013; accepted June 10, 2013