bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of Cross‐Reacting Protein Antigen Shared by Yersinia enterocolitica and Other Gram‐Negative Bacteria with Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Taguchi Haruhiko , Katura Takuya , Kumada Junko , Uekusa Takeyuki , Ogata Sachio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA monoclonal antibody against the Yersinia enterocolitica 60‐kilodalton (kDa) antigen, designated cross‐reacting protein antigen (CRPA), was obtained by cell fusion. The CRPA common to gram‐negative bacteria was purified from Y. enterocolitica by the affinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibody (IgGl) thus obtained. The purified CRPA showed a single band of 60 kDa in SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and reacted with rabbit antisera against Y. enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella sonnei in Western blot analysis. The monoclonal antibody, however, reacted with a 60 kDa peptide from Y. enterocolitica, but not with the antigens from other gram‐negative bacteria such as V. cholerae, E. coli, S. sonnei, Salmonella enteritidis, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa. The results suggested that both species‐specific and cross‐reactive epitopes were present on a CRPA molecule.
Morphological Changes in Escherichia coli Cells Exposed to Low or High Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Brandi Giorgio , Fiorani Mara , Pierotti Cinzia , Albano Amedeo , Cattabeni Flaminio , Cantoni Orazio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEscherichia coli cells challenged with low or high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide are killed via two different mechanisms and respond with morphological changes which are also dependent on the extracellular concentration of the oxidant. Treatment with low concentrations (<2.5 mM) of H2O2 is followed by an extensive cell filamentation which is dependent on the level of H2O2 or the time of exposure. In particular, addition of 1.75 mM H2O2 results in a growth lag of approximately 90 min followed by partial increase in optical density, which was mainly due to the onset of the filamentous response. In fact, microscopic analysis of the samples obtained from cultures incubated with the oxidant for various time intervals has revealed that this change in morphology becomes apparent after 90 min of exposure to H2O2 and that the length of the filaments gradually increases following longer time intervals. Analysis of the ability of these cells to form colonies has indicated a loss in viability in the first 90 min of exposure followed by a gradual recovery in the number of cells capable of forming colonies. Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase in culture medium (as a marker for membrane damage) has revealed that a small amount of this enzyme was released from the cells at early times (< 150 min) but not after longer incubation periods (300 min). Cells exposed to high concentrations of H2O2 (>10 mM) do not filament and their loss of viability is associated with a marked reduction in cell volume. In fact, treatment with 17.5 mM H2O2 resulted in a time‐dependent decrease of the optical density, clonogenicity, and cellular volume. In addition, these effects were paralleled by a significant release in the culture medium of lactate dehydrogenase thus suggesting that the reduced cell volume may be dependent on membrane damage followed by loss of intracellular material. This hypothesis is supported by preliminary results obtained in electron microscopy studies. In conclusion, this study further demonstrates that the response of E. coli to hydrogen peroxide is highly dependent on the concentration of H2O2 and further stresses the point that low or high concentrations of the oxidant result in the production of different species leading to cell death via two different mechanisms and/or capable of specifically affecting the cell shape.
Experimental Group A Rotaviral Infection in Cynomolgus Monkeys Raised on Formula Diet
Authors: Leong Yap Kok , Awang Asri 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRotaviral infections in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fasicularis) were studied to ascertain its suitability as a model of infection and diarrhea caused by group A human rotaviruses. Formula‐fed monkeys were used as they could be observed closely. Experimental rotaviral infection of cynomolgus monkeys was age‐dependent; only young monkeys were readily infected. Formula‐fed newborns were readily infected with cell‐culture‐adapted human (WA) and simian (SA11) viruses and with a rotavirus from a human fecal specimen. However, diarrhea was detected only in very young animals. A number of rotaviral shedding patterns as a function of time were observed. Although there was no typical viral shedding pattern which represented exclusive association of viral infection with diarrhea, the initial level of viral excretion and the maximum level of viral shedding attained were much higher in animals with diarrhea. Seroconversion occurred in less than half of the inoculated animals. The presence of maternal rotaviral antibodies did not prevent infection or diarrhea.
Protection of Mice against Sendai Virus Pneumonia by Non‐Neutralizing Anti‐F Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Mochizuki Yasushi , De Ming Tan , Hayashi Takako , Itoh Masae , Hotta Hak , Homma Morio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to F protein of Sendai virus were obtained and characterized for their protective ability against Sendai virus infection in mice. None of the MAbs showed hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI), hemolysis‐inhibition (HLI), or neutralization (NT) activities in vitro when assayed by standard methods. Some of the MAbs, however, showed complement‐requiring NT (C‐NT) and complement‐requiring hemolysis (C‐HL) activities when assayed in the presence of complement. Passive immunization experiments revealed that the MAbs with higher C‐NT and C‐HL activities showed protective activity against Sendai virus pneumonia in mice, and that some MAbs with IgGl isotype having neither C‐NT nor C‐HL activity also showed the protective activity. Digestion of the MAbs with pepsin which split immunoglobulin molecules into F(ab')2 and Fc fragments greatly suppressed the protective activity. These results suggest that not only complement‐mediated immunological responses such as immune virolysis but also antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or immune phagocytosis, in which complement system is not necessarily involved. play an important role in the protection of mice from Sendai virus infection.
In vitro Effect of Actinomycin D on Human Neutrophil Function
Authors: Chang Feng‐Yee , Shaio Men‐Fang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of actinomycin D (ACT‐D) on human neutrophil chemotaxis, chemiluminescence (CL), superoxide (O2‐) production, phagocytic uptake, and intracellular bacterial killing has been examined. The viability of the ACT‐D‐treated neutrophils was 9800 even at a concentration of 10 μg/ml for 4 hr. Using fMLP as the chemotactic factor, depressed chemotaxis was demonstrated following ACT‐D (1 10 μg/ml) pretreatment of neutrophils as compared with the non‐treated controls. Similar ACT‐D pretreatment produced the depressed responses in phorbol myristate acetate‐induced CL and superoxide production by neutrophils. Moreover, using heat‐inactivated human serum as an opsonin for Salmonella enteritidis (NCTC 6676), there was a significant difference in intracellular killing (P<0.01) but no difference in phagocytic uptake between ACT‐D‐treated and non‐treated neutrophils. These studies indicate that ACT‐D profoundly impairs both intracellular bacterial killing by human neutrophil through an effect on respiratory burst activity and directed cell migration of human neutrophils.
Pathogenesis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Intraperitoneal and Orogastric Challenge Experiments in Mice
Authors: Hoashi Kikuo , Ogata Kikuyo , Taniguchi Hatsumi , Yamashita Hiroto , Tsuji Koichi , Mizuguchi Yasuo , Ohtomo Nobuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt has been noted that V. parahaemolyticus isolated from patients with food poisoning are almost always thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)‐positive, whereas, isolates from foods or environmental sources are usually TDH‐negative. The virulence of V. parahaemolyticus in mice was examined by using intraperitoneal and orogastric challenge models, where the strains used were those isolated from patients and foods with food poisoning and included TDH‐positive and ‐negative. The LD50 in mice was estimated to be approximately 107 in the former and 108 in the latter challenge model. In the mice killed by challenge, either intraperitoneal or orogastric, the following pathological changes were almost always observed: swelling, redness and fluid accumulation in the small intestine, particularly the upper part of it. Histologically, congestion, edema, and vacuolation were observed in mucosal and submucosal tissues; furthermore, ulceration at tips of some villi was noticed. The lethality and pathological finding in mice due to V. parahaemolyticus were demonstrated similarly in both challenge models and irrespective of the TDH phenotype of the strain used. It will be suggested that the findings in challenged mice may be. attributed to enteropathogenic factor(s) other than TDH of V. par ahaemolyticus.
Demonstration of RNA N‐Glycosidase Activity of a Vero Toxin (VT2 Variant) Produced by Escherichia coli 091: H21 from a Patient with the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Furutani Masayuki , Ito Kiyoshi , Oku Yuichi , Takeda Yoshifumi , Igarashi Kazuei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new Vero toxin purified from Escherichia coli O91: H21 isolated from a patient with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (VT2vh) was shown to inhibit elongation factor 1‐dependent aminoacyl‐tRNA binding to ribosomes, resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. VT2vh, like Shiga toxin, VT1 and VT2, showed RNA N‐glycosidase activity and cleaved the N‐glycosidic bond of the adenosine residue at position 4324 in 28S ribosomal RNA.
Linkage of Ribosomal RNA Genes in Leptospira
Authors: Fukunaga Masahito , Masuzavva Toshiyuki , Okuzako Noriko , Mifuchi Ichiji , Yanagihara Yasutake 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe determined the linkage of 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNA genes in several strains of Leptospira and Leptonema by DNA‐DNA hybridization. Almost all the hybridizations in all leptospires used in these experiments gave two radioactive bands and the results strongly suggest that the number of the 16S and the 23S rRNA genes in those strains is two, respectively. In contrast with the larger rRNAs, the number of 5S rRNA gene was different. In the strains of leptospires, L. biflexa, which were non‐parasitic, there are two genes for 5S rRNA, whereas only one gene for 5S rRNA is carried in L. interrogans, which were originally isolated as parasitic. Southern hybridization experiments suggest that those rRNA genes are interspersed on the leptospiral chromosome.
Antiviral Effects of 2′,5′ Oligoadenylates (2‐5As), and Related Compounds
Authors: Tominaga Akihiro , Saito Sakura , Kohno Seiya , Sakurai Katsukiyo , Hayakawa Yoshihiro , Noyori Ryoji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDephosphorylated “core” of 2′,5′‐oligoadenylate (2‐5A) dimer (A2′P5′A), exogenously added to nonpermeabilized FL cells, inhibited the multiplication of Sindbis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The compound was shown to inhibit viral protein synthesis. The addition of A2′P5′A at the early stage of viral replication was more effective than that at the late stage. In contrast with the core, phosphorylated 2‐5A (P5′A2′P5′A and PPP5′A2′P5′A) and 2‐5A analogs containing cordycepin (3′‐deoxyadenosine) did not show such antiviral effects. The rate of uptake of [3H]ppp5′ A 2′P5′A into acid‐soluble and acid‐insoluble fractions, especially into the acid‐insoluble fraction, was faster than that of [3H]A2′P5′A. These results suggest that the difference of antiviral activity between A2′P5′A and PPP5′A2′P5′A does not result from the different rate of uptake by cells, but from the different rate of from acid‐soluble to acid‐insoluble fractions.
Synthesis and Localization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus RNAs in the Infected Cells
Authors: Takegami Tsutomu , Hotta Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSynthesis and localization of virus‐specific RNA in cells infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were examined. To prepare specific RNA probes, we constructed four kinds of plasmids which contained DNA fragments corresponding to JEV genomic RNA. Minus probes, JT18V and JT19III, transcribed by T7 RNA polymerase were able to recognize a negative strand of JEV‐specific RNA synthesized in cells as early as 6 hr postinfection (p.i.). In the experiments using a plus‐strand probe JT19V to hybridize the 3′ end of JEV‐RNA, not only full‐length 42S(+) RNA but also 10S(+) RNA were detected in the infected cells at 24 hr p.i. The positive‐strand 42S RNA was found in much greater abundance in the membrane fraction than in the supernatant fraction of the infected cells. In contrast, larger amounts of the negative‐strand RNAs existed in the supernatant fraction. It is suggested from the data that the JEV‐specific negative‐ and positive‐strand RNAs accumulate at different sites in the infected cells.
Antiviral Potencies of BV‐araU and Related Nucleoside Analogues against Varicella‐Zoster Virus in Different Cell Lines
Authors: Machida Haruhiko , Ijichi Katsushi , Ohta Arihito , Honda Mariko , Niimura Michihito 
Published: November 2013

Abstract1‐β‐D‐Arabinofuranosyl‐E‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl)uracil (BV‐araU) and nine other antiherpesviral nucleoside analogues were compared for their potencies against four strains of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) on three different cell lines: HEL cells, Vero cells, and MS cells established from a human malignant schwannoma. In contrast to the activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 previously reported, BV‐araU showed extremely marked antiviral activity against VZV even on Vero cells. ED50, 5000 plaque reduction dose, of BV‐araU for VZV was 0.20–3.1 and 0.14–0.63 ng/ml on Vero cells and on HEL cells, respectively. Potency of BV‐araU on MS cells was similar to that on these cell lines. There was not significant variation in anti‐VZV activities of other nucleoside analogues on these three different cell lines except a few combinations of VZV strain and test compound.
Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in Dogs in Hokkaido
Authors: Isogai Emiko , Isogai Hiroshi , Sato Nanao , Yuzawa Mutsumi , Kawakami Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDuring 1985 to 1990, serum samples were obtained from 229 healthy dogs. The dogs lived in Hokkaido, known to be infested with ticks. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi HO14 and HP3, which were isolated from Ixodes ovatus and I. persulcatus in the area. IgG antibody to B. burgdorferi HO14 was detected in 8.8% (1985). 16.4% (1987) and 18.5% (1990). IgM antibody to the bacteria was detected in 1.8% (1987) and 2.5% (1990). Antibodies to the strain HP3 of B. burgdorferi were also detected in the serum samples of dogs, but the percentage of seropositive sample to the strain HP3 was lower than that to the strain HO14. Statistical differences were not noticed between pet and street dogs. No antibody to B. burgdorferi was observed in 13 beagle dogs as experimental animal.
Seroepidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Yanji, Jilin, China
Authors: Li Yu‐Yu , Hidaka Yasufumi , Kino Yoichiro , Mori Ryoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSera from 158 individuals in Yanji, Jilin, China, were tested for antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) by the passive hemagglutination method. Age‐specific incidence rates for antibodies to HSV‐1 were calculated. For sera from persons in the age group 10 years or less, the positive rate was 54% but in the age group higher than 10 years, it was more than 91% (P<0.01). In the part of China surveyed, primary HSV‐1 infection occurred in early generation before about age 10. In children, the positive rate in the Han race was significantly higher than that in the Korean race (P<0.05).
Platelet Aggregation Induced by Strains of Various Species of Coagulase‐Negative Staphylococci
Authors: Usui Yukio , Ohshima Yukio , Ichiman Yoshitoshi , Ohtomo Toshichika , Suganuma Masaru , Yoshida Kosaku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMajor species of coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS) were tested for their ability to induce platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Among 11 species of CNS tested, a majority of the strains of 10 species of CNS (S. epidermidis, S. simulans, S. capitis, S. hyicus, S. sciuri, S. cohnii, S. xylosus, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, S. warneri) caused induction of the platelet aggregation and serotonin release, while S. saprophyticus did not show such activity. The addition of aspirin (10 mM) or quinacrine (1 mM) to PRP resulted in no remarkable effect on the platelet aggregation induced by these strains and it was shown that the platelet aggregation did not require arachidonate pathways. Complement system components were shown to be one of the plasma factors required for platelet aggregation by ten strains of each species of CNS. The bacterial substance participating in the platelet aggregation by ten species of CNS tested was indicated to be heat‐stable and trypsin‐resistant, while the activity of a strain of S. epidermidis was susceptible to trypsin.
Practical Methods for Chemical Inactivation of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease Pathogen
Authors: Tateishi Jun , Tashima Takatoshi , Kitamoto Tetsuyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChemical inactivation of pathogen of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD; was examined using the mouse‐adapted CJD strain. A high concentration of formic acid, guanidine compounds, trichloroacetate and phenol prevented CJD transmission. NaOH between 0.25 and 2 N lengthened the incubation periods. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a concentration between 1 and 3% did not alter incubation at room temperature but did completely block the transmission after boiling for 3 min in 300 SDS. This method is recommended for practical disinfection.
Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Cytokine Production in Paracoccidioidomycosis Patients
Authors: Bava A. Javier , Mistchenko Alicia S. , Palacios M. Fernanda , Estevez Maria E. , Tiraboschi Nora I. , Sen Luisa , Negroni Ricardo , Diez Roberto A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDespite the postulated role of the immune system in the control of the infection by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, only a few studies have addressed this point in patients. The determination of total lymphocytes and their subpopulations in 6 untreated patients with the chronic form of paracoccidiodomycosis showed that half of them were lymphopenic, because of low number of CD4+ T‐lymphocytes. All patients had low CD4/CD8 ratios. On the contrary, B‐lymphocytes were normal in all patients. An additional patient, studied on treatment with ketoconazole, had normal lymphocyte counts in all subpopulations, as did one of the patients previously studied at diagnosis when he received specific antimycotic treatment. The production of interferon and tumor necrosis factor, determined by bioassay in supernatants of mononuclear blood cells of the patients, induced by interleukin 2 in vitro was significantly lower than that of normal subjects. These results show that patients with paracoccidioidomycosis have a defect in blood lymphocyte subsets as well as in the ability to produce regulatory cytokines.
Accumulation of Phosphate‐Containing Granules in the Nucleoid Area of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Takade Akemi , Umeda Akiko , Misumi Tsuyosi , Sawae Yoshirou , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany electron‐dense granules were found in the nucleoid area of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K by electron microscopy with the technique of the freeze‐substitution method. These granules contained phosphorus and calcium as determined by X‐ray microanalysis. The size and the numbers of the granules decreased when the bacteria was cultured in the medium from which phosphate‐containing compounds were depleted. From these observations we concluded that the granule was a phosphate‐containing granule and possibly a polyphosphate granule. The excellent preservation of the fine structures by the freeze‐substitution technique enables us to show very small polyphosphate granules in the nucleoid area of the bacterial cells which cannot be revealed by the conventional chemical fixation method. As we could not see the granules in other bacteria cultured in nutrient medium such as Serratia, Escherichia, Bacillus and Vibrios, the accumulation of the phosphate granules in Ps. aeruginosa might be a unique character of this bacteria and might be related to the growing capability of this bacteria in extremely low nutrient supply.
Protease Inhibitors Prevent the Development of Human Rotavirus‐Induced Diarrhea in Suckling Mice
Authors: Ebina Takusaburo , Tsukada Keiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOral inoculation of human rotavirus MO strain (serotype 3) into 5‐day‐old BALB/c mice caused gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea (90% on the average, on day 2). Using this animal model, preventive effect of antiviral agents on the development of rotavirus‐induced diarrhea was examined. The infectivity of human rotavirus was enhanced by treatment with protease in vitro. A cysteine protease inhibitor, E‐64‐c, was given orally at 12 hr and 24 hr after MO infection. Oral administration of 0.3 mg of E‐64‐c decreased the diarrhea ratio to 17.5% on day 2 and to 10% on day 3. Oral administration of 0.15 mg of cysteine protease inhibitor, ovocystatin, completely prevented the diarrhea on day 2. Serine protease inhibitor, aprotinin (0.15 mgx2), also prevented the diarrhea on day 2 to 14.3%. These protease inhibitors were nontoxic in vitro and to suckling mice. The histopathological changes in the small intestine due to infection recovered 2 days after MO infection in mice treated with E‐64‐c and ovocystatin. These results suggest that protease inhibitors are protective agents for human rotavirus infection by inhibiting proteases required for viral replication.
Two Generalized Transducing Phages in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Muramatsu Kouichi , Matsumoto Hideki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo bacteriophages named φVP253 and φVP143 isolated after ultraviolet induction from lysogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have been shown to be generalized transducing phages. So far, seven different auxotrophic markers of a V. parahaemolyticus strain could be transduced at the frequencies ranging from 2.2× 10−7 to 7.5×10−5 per infected cell at the m.o.i. of approximately 1.0. The phage φVP143, but not φVP253, lysed 20 of the 28 strains of V. alginolyticus and the occurrence of generalized transduction by this phage in this Vibrio species has been confirmed. Molecular size of the genomes of both phages were estimated to be approximately 48 kb as judged from electrophoretic mobilities of the DNAs digested with HindIII endonuclease. The results and similarity of the two phages in morphology and other properties suggest very close relatedness of the phages.
Paradoxical Effect of Tween 80 between the Susceptibility to Rifampicin and Streptomycin and the Susceptibility to Ethambutol and Sulfadimethoxine in the Mycobacterium avium‐Mycobacterium intracellulare Complex
Authors: Yamori Sadaaki , Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe susceptibility to rifampicin and streptomycin of the Mycobacterium avium‐Mycobacterium intracellulare complex was augmented by the addition of Tween 80 into 7H10 agar medium with OADC, whereas the susceptibility to ethambutol and sulfadimethoxine was either not changed or reduced by the addition of Tween 80. In 7H10 agar medium without OADC, however, susceptibilities to both rifampicin and sulfadimethoxine were reduced by the addition of Tween 80 to the medium. A number of hypotheses are made to explain these phenomena.