bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol does not impact chronic hepatitis C treatment outcomes but increases risk for progressive liver disease: Findings from a prospective multicentre Australian study (OPERA‐C)
Authors: Clark Paul J. , Valery Patricia C. , Strasser Simone I. , Weltman Martin , Thompson Alex , Levy Miriam T. , Leggett Barbara , Zekry Amany , Rong Julian , Sinclair Marie , George Jacob , Sievert William , MacQuillan Gerry , Tse Edmund , Nicoll Amanda , Wade Amanda , Cheng Wendy , Roberts Stuart K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol use is common in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We examined the impact of alcohol use on direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy outcome and the clinical course of liver disease and 2‐year survival for patients receiving HCV DAA therapy.MethodsAdults (n = 2624) recruited from 26 Australian hospital liver clinics during 2016–2021 were followed up for 2 years. Risky alcohol use was defined by a combination of self‐report (≥40 g/day of ethanol), physician‐reported history of problematic alcohol use, and anti‐craving medication prescription via population‐based database linkage. We examined factors associated with advanced liver fibrosis and survival using multivariable logistic and Cox regression.ResultsAmong 1634 patients (62.3%) with risky alcohol use, 24.6% reported consuming ≥40 g/day of alcohol, 98.3% physician‐reported problematic alcohol use; only 4.1% were dispensed naltrexone/acamprosate. One hundred and forty‐three patients with cirrhosis reported ≥40 g/day of alcohol, 6 (4.3%) were prescribed naltrexone/acamprosate. Risky alcohol use was associated with advanced fibrosis (adjusted‐odds ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.32–2.17) and patients were over‐represented for cirrhosis (45.1% vs. 25.6% in no‐risky alcohol use [p < 0.001]) and hepatocellular carcinoma (5.7% vs. 2.5% [p < 0.001]). Sustained viral response (p = 0.319) and 2‐year survival (adjusted‐hazard ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 0.84–4.63) after DAA therapy were not associated with risky alcohol use.Discussion and ConclusionsRisky alcohol use in HCV patients was prevalent, but did not reduce HCV cure. Treatment for alcohol dependence was low. Risky alcohol use may be under‐recognised in liver clinics. Better integration of addiction medicine into liver services and increased resourcing and addiction medicine training opportunities for hepatologists may help address this.
Healthcare costs attributable to diabetes in pregnancy: A cost of illness study in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Dinh Thi Thu Ngan , de Graaff Barbara , Campbell Julie A. , Jose Matthew D. , Burgess John , Saunder Timothy , Kitsos Alex , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo estimate the direct costs during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods in mothers with diabetes in pregnancy, compared to those without.MethodsThis study used a population‐based dataset from 2004 to 2017, including 57,090 people with diabetes and 114,179 people without diabetes in Tasmania, Australia. Based on diagnostic codes, delivery episodes with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were identified and matched with delivery episodes without diabetes in pregnancy. A group of delivery episodes with pre‐existing diabetes was identified for comparison. Hospitalisation, emergency department and pathology costs of these groups were calculated and adjusted to 2020–2021 Australian dollars.ResultsThere were 2774 delivery episodes with GDM, 2774 delivery episodes without diabetes and 237 delivery episodes with pre‐existing diabetes identified. Across the 24‐month period, the pre‐existing diabetes group required the highest costs, totalling $23,536/person. This was followed by the GDM ($13,210/person), and the no diabetes group ($11,167/person). The incremental costs of GDM over the no diabetes group were $890 (95% CI 635; 1160) in the year preceding delivery; $812 (616; 1031) within the delivery period and $341 (110; 582) in the year following delivery (p < 0.05). Within the year preceding delivery, the incremental costs in the prenatal period were $803 (579; 1058) (p < 0.05). Within the year following delivery, the incremental costs in the postpartum period were $137 (55; 238) (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results emphasised the importance of proper management of diabetes in pregnancy in the prenatal and postpartum periods and highlighted the significance of screening and preventative strategies for diabetes in pregnancy.
Wheat varieties show consistent differences in root colonization by mycorrhiza across a European pedoclimatic gradient
Authors: Veršulienė Agnė , Hirte Juliane , Ciulla Federica , Camenzind Moritz , Don Axel , Durand‐Maniclas Fabien , Heinemann Henrike , Herrera Juan M. , Hund Andreas , Seidel Felix , da Silva‐Lopes Marta , Toleikienė Monika , Visse‐Mansiaux Margot , Yu Kang , Bender S. Franz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic relationships with the majority of land plants and are an important part of the soil microbial community in natural and agricultural ecosystems. These fungi promote water and nutrient acquisition by their host plant and regulate the allocation of photosynthetic carbon to soil. Both crop variety and environment affect naturally occurring mycorrhizal abundance in roots, but the relative importance of those factors for mycorrhization is largely unknown. In a field study covering a large pedoclimatic gradient across four European sites, we (i) compared the abundance of AM fungi in the roots of 10 modern winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, (ii) evaluated the relative importance of variety and site for the variability in root colonization by AM fungi and (iii) tested the relationship between mycorrhizal abundance and grain yield. Root colonization by arbuscules and hyphae ranged from 10% to 59% and 20% to 91%, respectively, across all samples and varied by 8% and 18%, respectively, among varieties when averaged across sites. Variance decomposition analysis revealed a 10 times higher importance of site than variety for AM fungal root colonization. Specifically, we found the highest mycorrhizal abundance on the site with the most arid conditions and the lowest on the sites with low soil pH and high nutrient availability. Despite the low variability in mycorrhizal abundance among varieties, there were significant differences in both arbuscular and hyphal root colonization. However, this did not translate into an increase in yield as no significant relationships between mycorrhizal abundance at flowering and grain yield were detected. The consistent differences between wheat varieties in root colonization by AM fungi across European field sites underline that genetic drivers of mycorrhization are to some extent independent of the site. This highlights the relevance of breeding practices to shape a wheat variety's capacity for mycorrhizal symbiosis across a range of environmental conditions.
Reconstructing 120 years of climate change impacts on Joshua tree flowering
Authors: Yoder Jeremy B. , Andrade Ana Karina , DeFalco Lesley A. , Esque Todd C. , Carlson Colin J. , Shryock Daniel F. , Yeager Ray , Smith Christopher I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantifying how global change impacts wild populations remains challenging, especially for species poorly represented by systematic datasets. Here, we infer climate change effects on masting by Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia and Y. jaegeriana), keystone perennials of the Mojave Desert, from 15 years of crowdsourced observations. We annotated phenophase in 10,212 geo‐referenced images of Joshua trees on the iNaturalist crowdsourcing platform, and used them to train machine learning models predicting flowering from annual weather records. Hindcasting to 1900 with a trained model successfully recovers flowering events in independent historical records and reveals a slightly rising frequency of conditions supporting flowering since the early 20th Century. This reflects increased variation in annual precipitation, which drives masting events in wet years—but also increasing temperatures and drought stress, which may have net negative impacts on recruitment. Our findings reaffirm the value of crowdsourcing for understanding climate change impacts on biodiversity.
Unfolding the dynamics of ecosystems undergoing alternating wet‐dry transitional states
Authors: Arias‐Real Rebeca , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Sabater Sergi , Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , Valencia Enrique , Aragón Gregorio , Cantón Yolanda , Datry Thibault , Giordani Paolo , Medina Nagore G. , de los Ríos Asunción , Romaní Anna M. , Weber Bettina , Hurtado Pilar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA significant fraction of Earth's ecosystems undergoes periodic wet‐dry alternating transitional states. These globally distributed water‐driven transitional ecosystems, such as intermittent rivers and coastal shorelines, have traditionally been studied as two distinct entities, whereas they constitute a single, interconnected meta‐ecosystem. This has resulted in a poor conceptual and empirical understanding of water‐driven transitional ecosystems. Here, we develop a conceptual framework that places the temporal availability of water as the core driver of biodiversity and functional patterns of transitional ecosystems at the global scale. Biological covers (e.g., aquatic biofilms and biocrusts) serve as an excellent model system thriving in both aquatic and terrestrial states, where their succession underscores the intricate interplay between these two states. The duration, frequency, and rate of change of wet‐dry cycles impose distinct plausible scenarios where different types of biological covers can occur depending on their desiccation/hydration resistance traits. This implies that the distinct eco‐evolutionary potential of biological covers, represented by their trait profiles, would support different functions while maintaining similar multifunctionality levels. By embracing multiple alternating transitional states as interconnected entities, our approach can help to better understand and manage global change impacts on biodiversity and multifunctionality in water‐driven transitional ecosystems, while providing new avenues for interdisciplinary studies.
Histone modification in psoriasis: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Liu Ruifeng , Zhang Luyao , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated, inflammatory disease. Genetic and environmental elements are involved in the nosogenesis of this illness. Epigenetic inheritance serves as the connection between genetic and environmental factors. Histone modification, an epigenetic regulatory mechanism, is implicated in the development of numerous diseases. The basic function of histone modification is to regulate cellular functions by modifying gene expression. Modulation of histone modification, such as regulation of enzymes pertinent to histone modification, can be an alternative approach for treating some diseases, including psoriasis. Herein, we reviewed the regulatory mechanisms and biological effects of histone modifications and their roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Does time heal all wounds? Psychological responses to trauma and financial risk‐taking
Authors: Shi Yushui , Veld Chris , Yin Haiying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe study whether psychological responses to trauma are associated with financial risk‐taking behavior. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms for individuals, assessed after the traumatic experiences, are used as psychological responses to the events. Individuals who experience moderate‐level PTSD symptoms are 1.5% more likely to invest in risky assets, whereas individuals with high‐level PTSD symptoms are 2.4% less likely to invest in risky assets. Further analysis suggests that the association between PTSD symptoms and risk‐taking comes through a preferences channel rather than a beliefs channel.
Reconciling the EU forest, biodiversity, and climate strategies
Authors: Gregor Konstantin , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Nagel Thomas A. , Mäkelä Annikki , Krause Andreas , Knoke Thomas , Rammig Anja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractForests provide important ecosystem services (ESs), including climate change mitigation, local climate regulation, habitat for biodiversity, wood and non‐wood products, energy, and recreation. Simultaneously, forests are increasingly affected by climate change and need to be adapted to future environmental conditions. Current legislation, including the European Union (EU) Biodiversity Strategy, EU Forest Strategy, and national laws, aims to protect forest landscapes, enhance ESs, adapt forests to climate change, and leverage forest products for climate change mitigation and the bioeconomy. However, reconciling all these competing demands poses a tremendous task for policymakers, forest managers, conservation agencies, and other stakeholders, especially given the uncertainty associated with future climate impacts. Here, we used process‐based ecosystem modeling and robust multi‐criteria optimization to develop forest management portfolios that provide multiple ESs across a wide range of climate scenarios. We included constraints to strictly protect 10% of Europe's land area and to provide stable harvest levels under every climate scenario. The optimization showed only limited options to improve ES provision within these constraints. Consequently, management portfolios suffered from low diversity, which contradicts the goal of multi‐functionality and exposes regions to significant risk due to a lack of risk diversification. Additionally, certain regions, especially those in the north, would need to prioritize timber provision to compensate for reduced harvests elsewhere. This conflicts with EU LULUCF targets for increased forest carbon sinks in all member states and prevents an equal distribution of strictly protected areas, introducing a bias as to which forest ecosystems are more protected than others. Thus, coordinated strategies at the European level are imperative to address these challenges effectively. We suggest that the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy, EU Forest Strategy, and targets for forest carbon sinks require complementary measures to alleviate the conflicting demands on forests.
High heat tolerance, evaporative cooling, and stomatal decoupling regulate canopy temperature and their safety margins in three European oak species
Authors: Gauthey Alice , Kahmen Ansgar , Limousin Jean‐Marc , Vilagrosa Alberto , Didion‐Gency Margaux , Mas Eugénie , Milano Arianna , Tunas Alex , Grossiord Charlotte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeatwaves and soil droughts are increasing in frequency and intensity, leading many tree species to exceed their thermal thresholds, and driving wide‐scale forest mortality. Therefore, investigating heat tolerance and canopy temperature regulation mechanisms is essential to understanding and predicting tree vulnerability to hot droughts. We measured the diurnal and seasonal variation in leaf water potential (Ψ), gas exchange (photosynthesis Anet and stomatal conductance gs), canopy temperature (Tcan), and heat tolerance (leaf critical temperature Tcrit and thermal safety margins TSM, i.e., the difference between maximum Tcan and Tcrit) in three oak species in forests along a latitudinal gradient (Quercus petraea in Switzerland, Quercus ilex in France, and Quercus coccifera in Spain) throughout the growing season. Gas exchange and Ψ of all species were strongly reduced by increased air temperature (Tair) and soil drying, resulting in stomatal closure and inhibition of photosynthesis in Q. ilex and Q. coccifera when Tair surpassed 30°C and soil moisture dropped below 14%. Across all seasons, Tcan was mainly above Tair but increased strongly (up to 10°C > Tair) when Anet was null or negative. Although trees endured extreme Tair (up to 42°C), positive TSM were maintained during the growing season due to high Tcrit in all species (average Tcrit of 54.7°C) and possibly stomatal decoupling (i.e., Anet ≤0 while gs >0). Indeed, Q. ilex and Q. coccifera trees maintained low but positive gs (despite null Anet), decreasing Ψ passed embolism thresholds. This may have prevented Tcan from rising above Tcrit during extreme heat. Overall, our work highlighted that the mechanisms behind heat tolerance and leaf temperature regulation in oak trees include a combination of high evaporative cooling, large heat tolerance limits, and stomatal decoupling. These processes must be considered to accurately predict plant damages, survival, and mortality during extreme heatwaves.
No general support for functional diversity enhancing resilience across terrestrial plant communities
Authors: Lipoma Lucrecia , Kambach Stephan , Díaz Sandra , Sabatini Francesco María , Damasceno Gabriella , Kattge Jens , Wirth Christian , Abella Scott R. , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Belote Travis R. , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Craven Dylan , Dolezal Jiri , Eisenhauer Nico , Isbell Forest , Jentsch Anke , Kreyling Jürgen , Lanta Vojtech , Le Stradic Soizig , Lepš Jan , Manninen Outi , Mariotte Pierre , Reich Peter B. , Ruppert Jan C. , Schmidt Wolfgang , Tilman David , van Ruijven Jasper , Wagg Cameron , Wardle David A. , Wilsey Brien , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimUnderstanding the mechanisms promoting resilience in plant communities is crucial in times of increasing disturbance and global environmental change. Here, we present the first meta‐analysis evaluating the relationship between functional diversity and resilience of plant communities. Specifically, we tested whether the resilience of plant communities is positively correlated with interspecific trait variation (following the niche complementarity hypothesis) and the dominance of acquisitive and small‐size species (following the mass ratio hypothesis), and for the context‐dependent effects of ecological and methodological differences across studies.LocationGlobal.Time Period2004–2021.Major Taxa StudiedVascular plants.MethodsWe compiled a dataset of 69 independent sites from 26 studies that have quantified resilience. For each site, we calculated functional diversity indices based on the floristic composition and functional traits of the plant community (obtained from the TRY database) which we correlated with resilience of biomass and floristic composition. After transforming correlation coefficients to Fisher's Z‐scores, we conducted a hierarchical meta‐analysis, using a multilevel random‐effects model that accounted for the non‐independence of multiple effect sizes and the effects of ecological and methodological moderators.ResultsIn general, we found no positive functional diversity–resilience relationships of grand mean effect sizes. In contrast to our expectations, we encountered a negative relationship between resilience and trait variety, especially in woody ecosystems, whereas there was a positive relationship between resilience and the dominance of acquisitive species in herbaceous ecosystems. Finally, the functional diversity–resilience relationships were strongly affected by both ecological (biome and disturbance properties) and methodological (temporal scale, study design and resilience metric) characteristics.Main ConclusionsWe rejected our hypothesis of a general positive functional diversity–resilience relationship. In addition to strong context dependency, we propose that idiosyncratic effects of single resident species present in the communities before the disturbances and biological legacies could play major roles in the resilience of terrestrial plant communities.
Sensory sentinels: Neuroimmune detection and food allergy
Authors: Matatia Peri R. , Christian Elena , Sokol Caroline L. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryFood allergy is classically characterized by an inappropriate type‐2 immune response to allergenic food antigens. However, how allergens are detected and how that detection leads to the initiation of allergic immunity is poorly understood. In addition to the gastrointestinal tract, the barrier epithelium of the skin may also act as a site of food allergen sensitization. These barrier epithelia are densely innervated by sensory neurons, which respond to diverse physical environmental stimuli. Recent findings suggest that sensory neurons can directly detect a broad array of immunogens, including allergens, triggering sensory responses and the release of neuropeptides that influence immune cell function. Reciprocally, immune mediators modulate the activation or responsiveness of sensory neurons, forming neuroimmune feedback loops that may impact allergic immune responses. By utilizing cutaneous allergen exposure as a model, this review explores the pivotal role of sensory neurons in allergen detection and their dynamic bidirectional communication with the immune system, which ultimately orchestrates the type‐2 immune response. Furthermore, it sheds light on how peripheral signals are integrated within the central nervous system to coordinate hallmark features of allergic reactions. Drawing from this emerging evidence, we propose that atopy arises from a dysregulated neuroimmune circuit.
3D printing of ceramics: Advantages, challenges, applications, and perspectives
Authors: Bose Susmita , Akdogan Enver Koray , Balla Vamsi K. , Ciliveri Sushant , Colombo Paolo , Franchin Giorgia , Ku Nicholas , Kushram Priya , Niu Fangyong , Pelz Joshua , Rosenberger Andrew , Safari Ahmad , Seeley Zachary , Trice Rodney W. , Vargas‐Gonzalez Lionel , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract3D printing (3DP) technologies have transformed the processing of advanced ceramics for small‐scale and custom designs during the past three decades. Simple and complex parts are designed and manufactured using 3DP technologies for structural, piezoelectric, and biomedical applications. Manufacturing simple or complex geometries or one‐of‐a‐kind components without part‐specific tooling saves significant time and creates new applications for advanced ceramic materials. Although development and innovations in 3DP of ceramics are far behind compared with metals or polymers, with the availability of different commercial machines in recent years for 3DP of ceramics, exponential growth is expected in this field in the coming decade. This article details various 3DP technologies for advanced ceramic materials, their advantages and challenges for manufacturing parts for various applications, and perspectives on future directions. We envision this work will be helpful to advanced ceramic researchers in industry and academia who are using different 3DP processes in the coming days.