bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 206 whole‐genome resequencing reveals selection signatures associated with breed‐specific traits in Hu sheep
Authors: Zhao Fuping , Xie Rui , Fang Lingzhao , Xiang Ruidong , Yuan Zehu , Liu Yang , Wang Lixian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs an invaluable Chinese sheep germplasm resource, Hu sheep are renowned for their high fertility and beautiful wavy lambskins. Their distinctive characteristics have evolved over time through a combination of artificial and natural selection. Identifying selection signatures in Hu sheep can provide a straightforward insight into the mechanism of selection and further uncover the candidate genes associated with breed‐specific traits subject to selection. Here, we conducted whole‐genome resequencing on 206 Hu sheep individuals, each with an approximate 6‐fold depth of coverage. And then we employed three complementary approaches, including composite likelihood ratio, integrated haplotype homozygosity score and the detection of runs of homozygosity, to detect selection signatures. In total, 10 candidate genomic regions displaying selection signatures were simultaneously identified by multiple methods, spanning 88.54 Mb. After annotating, these genomic regions harbored collectively 92 unique genes. Interestingly, 32 candidate genes associated with reproduction were distributed in nine genomic regions detected. Out of them, two stood out as star candidates: BMPR1B and GNRH2, both of which have documented associations with fertility, and a HOXA gene cluster (HOXA1‐5, HOXA9, HOXA10, HOXA11 and HOXA13) had also been linked to fertility. Additionally, we identified other genes that are related to hair follicle development (LAMTOR3, EEF1A2), ear size (HOXA1, KCNQ2), fat tail formation (HOXA10, HOXA11), growth and development (FAF1, CCNDBP1, GJB2, GJA3), fat deposition (ACOXL, JAZF1, HOXA3, HOXA4, HOXA5, EBF4), immune (UBR1, FASTKD5) and feed intake (DAPP1, RNF17, NPBWR2). Our results offer novel insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the selection of breed‐specific traits in Hu sheep and provide a reference for sheep genetic improvement programs.
Geopolinomic codes: Territorial and discursive practices of connectivity networks of political economy
Authors: Noorali Hassan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the global power structure entered a period of geopolitical transition. An evolved vision in the twenty‐first century shows the arrival of the geopolinomic order based on the combination of economic, political and territorial codes. Geopolinomic codes, in synergy with the global political economy, regulate the territorial and infrastructural arrangement of the world order in periods of geopolitical transition between hegemonic and emerging powers. Spatialization of power politics requires going through a set of geopolitical representations and this adds a thin discursive layer to the territorial hegemonic order. I argue that the development of geopolinomic codes allows for a more significant infusion of political economy through the centrality of territorial communication networks. A country with more manoeuvring power in adjusting geopolinomic codes and its triple levels can change the balance of global power structures in its favour.
Caregivers' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards the daily oral care of bedridden patients in Chiang Rai, Thailand
Authors: Pattanaporn Komkham , Kaewduangsaeng Ariyaporn , Panich Ilada , Limpaphan Narudee , Lakboon Wanatchaporn , Brondani Mario 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to explore caregivers' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards oral care for bedridden patients and to examine the relationship among those three variables.MethodsParticipants were 24 caregivers from Muang District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, who agreed to be part of the study. Data were collected in January 2020 via a 24‐item questionnaire covering knowledge such as understanding what can cause and prevent oral problems, attitudes such as feelings towards providing oral care and behaviours such as actions taken to clean the patient's mouth. Caregivers were also interviewed using a semi‐structured guide to further explore their oral health care knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. Descriptive analysis and Chi‐square correlation were used to analyse quantitative data. Thematic analysis was used to explore the interview data.ResultsThe caregivers' roles were all informal, with an average age of 54.2 years and almost all were female (91.7%). They cared for bedridden patients who were on average 14 years older, comprised mostly of their parents (54.1%) and were partially dentate (79.2%); half were males. Although most caregivers (87.5%) did consider sugar as likely causing tooth decay, one in three did not think that fluoride toothpaste could help to prevent dental decay. None of the edentulous patients and 42.1% of the partially dentate patients had their mouths cleaned by their caregivers daily. Knowledge was not associated with the oral health care behaviour of the caregiver (P = .43). Financial constraints, limited knowledge and personal beliefs contributed to caregivers' behaviour towards oral health care for their bedridden patients.ConclusionsKnowledge remains unassociated with behaviour. Caregiver education and support are needed to maintain good oral health care practices for bedridden patients.
A comparative analysis of oral hygiene in nursing homes with and without a structured oral healthcare programme
Authors: Janssens Lynn E. , Temmerman Emma , Maertens Jonas , De Visschere Luc , Petrovic Mirko , Janssens Barbara E. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to compare the oral hygiene (dental and denture plaque) among residents in nursing homes that have implemented an oral healthcare programme (Gerodent) with that of residents in nursing homes that provide standard oral care.BackgroundGerodent is a comprehensive oral healthcare programme introduced in 2010, which includes mobile on‐site professional oral care. Sixty‐two nursing homes have actively implemented Gerodent between 8 and 12 years preceding this study.MethodsA cross‐sectional study compared a cluster random sample of Gerodent nursing home residents to residents of matched control nursing homes. Residents' dental (Turesky Index) and denture plaque (Augsburger & Elahi Index) scores were collected as primary outcome variables. Data on tongue plaque, oral hygiene aids and demographic characteristics were recorded. Data were collected between 2020 and 2023. Generalised estimating equations were used to compare the oral hygiene between both study groups.ResultsResidents in the Gerodent group (n = 171) had significantly lower mean dental and denture plaque scores than their counterparts in the non‐Gerodent group (n = 159; dental plaque 1.68 vs. 2.71; RR 0.32; 95% CI: 0.23–0.44; and denture plaque 1.60 vs. 2.21; RR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.42–0.72). While basic oral hygiene aids were available to most residents in both groups, denture brushes were more common in the Gerodent group.ConclusionResidents in Gerodent nursing homes had significantly better oral hygiene than those older people residing in non‐Gerodent nursing homes, although plaque scores were insufficient to prevent oral conditions. Oral health professionals need to work with and provide ongoing support in long‐term care facilities to further improve oral hygiene.
Negative life events, sleep quality, and depression among older adults in Shandong Province, China: A conditional process analysis based on economic income
Authors: Zhu Jing , Xu Lingzhong , Sun Long , Qin Dawei 
Published: June 2024

AimNegative life events have been reported as a risk factor for depression. However, the mechanism between negative life events and depression is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of sleep quality and the moderating role of economic income in the association between negative life events and depression among older adults aged 60 years and over.MethodsA multi‐stage stratified sampling method was used to select elderly individuals over 60 years old in Shandong, China, making use of the Household Health Interview Survey (2020). In total, 3868 older adults completed the measures of negative life events, sleep quality, depression, and economic income.ResultsNegative life events positively predicted depression among the elderly (proportion of direct effect, 55.12%), and poor sleep quality could mediate this association (proportion of indirect effect, 44.87%). Economic income played a moderating role in the relationship between negative life events, sleep quality, and depression (the first and second half of the mediating effect, the direct effect of negative life events on depression). Both effects were weaker among the elderly with higher economic incomes.ConclusionsNegative life events had positive effects on depression in older adults. Economic income moderated the direct effect of negative life events and the mediating effect (first and second half) of sleep quality on depression. When the elderly experience negative life events, interventions for improving their sleep quality and financial support could effectively prevent depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 751–757.
Towards a Christian Postmodern Ethics: Theosis, Aporia, Apatheia
Authors: Bickersteth Samuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article considers purgation as a possible basis for a theological response to John Caputo's postmodern critique of ethics. It begins by reflecting on purgation and theosis in the writings of Gregory of Nyssa and Origen of Alexandria. It then probes the classical origins of these themes by turning to Sean D. Kirkland's consideration of the aporetic quality of progressions toward the Good in Plato's early dialogues. It emphasises knowledge of the Good as one with its non‐knowing and distinguishes this view from Caputo's reading of Hegel. After retrieving some strong metaphysical concepts in light of this reading, it engages Caputo's Against Ethics directly, considering its critique of Aristotle's dependence on contingent events for shaping the ethical life. It situates the purgative struggle for the Good in a distinctly ‘lived’ context through the personhood of Jesus. In orthodox Christology, the Good becomes an immanent ethical agent whose shared ontological horizon with humanity ensures virtue is in nothing other than a life that struggles to reckon with the Good. It concludes with the suggestion that purgation is theosis, and that this entails an attitude of apatheia defined by radical openness to events.
Silicon‐based bond coatings for environmental barrier coatings: Present status and prospective
Authors: Luo Jing‐Chuan , Yang Wen‐Qi , Chen Lin , Yang Guan‐Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnvironmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are indispensable for the service of SiC‐based turbine engines. The Si‐bond coating is a critical layer that prevents oxidants from penetrating SiC substrates and determines the service lifetimes of EBCs. In this study, the oxidation behaviors and failure mechanisms of Si‐based bond coatings were reviewed. The large growth rate and phase transformation of thermally grown oxides (TGOs, SiO2) seriously deteriorate the service of Si‐bond coatings. The low melting point of Si further limits its application in next‐generation engines above 1 427°C. The results show that an isolated particle healing (IPH) treatment decreased the oxidation rate of the Si‐bond coating by ∼24% at 1 300°C. Moreover, the Si–HfO2 and Si‐stabilizer (Si–Al2O3 or Si‐mullite) composite/duplex bond coatings can eliminate SiO2 phase transitions, thus improving the service lifetime. In addition, rare earth silicide (RESi), SiC and SiO2–HfO2 composite show potential for use in next‐generation EBCs above 1 427°C. This review provides guidance for designing Si‐based bond coatings with improved service lifetime.
Skin cancer incidence in Mexican renal transplant recipients: a cohort over 56 years
Authors: Malagón‐Liceaga Andrea , Bermúdez‐Rodríguez Samantha Paola , Romero‐Aguila Jesús Alejandro , Carolina Lopez‐Jimenez Fanny , Palafox‐Romo Rebeca , Díaz‐Sánchez Verónica Monserrat , Marino‐Vazquez Lluvia , Morales‐Buenrostro Luis Eduardo , Alberú Gómez Josefina , Domínguez‐Cherit Judith , Ruelas‐Villavicencio Ana Lilia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin cancer is a primary health concern in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Existing research mainly stems from North America, Europe, and Australia, with limited data from Latin America.MethodsThis 56‐year (1967–2023) retrospective cohort study explores skin cancer incidence in Mexican RTRs. Our objective was to assess the long‐term incidence of malignant cutaneous neoplasms in Mexican RTRs.ResultsOver 56 years, 1642 RTRs (58% male) were studied. Median follow‐up was 8.4 years; median age at transplantation was 32.6 years. Skin cancer incidence was 6.6% (95% CI: 5.5–7.9), with an incidence density rate of 6.5 (95% CI: 5.4–7.9) per 1000 person‐years and a median latency of 9.8 years. Incidence increased with longer transplantation‐related immunosuppression (TRI), with a relative risk for >30 years of TRI of 4.8 (95% CI: 2.6–9.1) for any skin cancer and 7.5 (95% CI: 3.8–14.6) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC was the most common malignancy (76.1%), followed by basal cell carcinomas (BCC), with a 3.6:1 ratio. Metastatic SCC occurred in 6.5% of skin cancer patients, with a skin cancer‐related mortality rate of 2.7%. Limitations of the study include its single‐center and retrospective design and unassessed factors such as human papillomavirus infection and sun exposure.ConclusionsOur study provides unique insights into the epidemiology of skin cancer among Mexican RTRs. It constitutes the largest cohort of skin cancer cases among RTRs in Mexico and, to our knowledge, in Latin America. Despite the lack of recognition of a high skin cancer incidence in non‐White RTRs, our 6.6% incidence underscores the need to enhance surveillance programs.
Oral lichen planus‐like lesions in skin of color: a review
Authors: De Dipankar , Jain Sejal , Dev Anubha , Chatterjee Debajyoti 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn dermatology, lichenoid describes lesions with a violaceous hue that is a clinical reflection of basal cell damage in the epithelium and dense mononuclear infiltrate in the sub‐epithelium. The violaceous color results from pigment incontinence due to basal cell damage and the Tyndall effect. Although classically described in lichen planus, a lichenoid hue is noted in the oral mucosa in several other disorders that often lead to diagnostic dilemmas. Early and accurate diagnosis is important for the appropriate management of the underlying condition and prognostication. Dermatologists play a central role in managing such patients since, apart from the oral mucosa findings, the cutaneous features also help to significantly differentiate various conditions. Mimickers of oral lichen planus include nicotine stomatitis, oral submucous fibrosis, oral lichenoid lesions, mucosal discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris, paraneoplastic pemphigus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, fixed drug eruption, plasma cell cheilitis/gingivitis, and erythema multiforme. While a detailed history and clinical examination can help reach a diagnosis in most cases, histopathology, immunofluorescence, and other relevant investigations help establish the diagnosis.
Treatment of atopic dermatitis with abrocitinib in real practice in Spain: efficacy and safety results from a 24‐week multicenter study
Authors: Armario‐Hita Jose Carlos , Pereyra‐Rodriguez Jose Juan , González‐Quesada Alicia , Herranz Pedro , Suarez Ricardo , Galan‐Gutiérrez Manuel , Rodríguez‐Serna Mercedes , Ortiz de Frutos Javier , Carrascosa José Manuel , Serra‐Baldrich Esther , Ara‐Martin Mariano , Figueras‐Nart Ignasi , Silvestre Juan Francisco , Zaragoza‐Ninet Violeta , Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAbrocitinib, a selective JAK 1 inhibitor, was recently approved in Europe. Despite its approval, real‐world data on its efficacy and safety in treating moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) remains limited.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the short‐term effectiveness and safety of abrocitinib in a real‐life setting for patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD who started abrocitinib treatment between May 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023, in 15 Spanish hospitals. Treatment doses were 100 or 200 mg daily, based on clinical assessment. Data collection included patient demographics, AD history, comorbidities, previous treatments, and disease severity indicators such as SCORing atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), body surface area, and Peak Pruritus NRS scores at baseline, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Quality of life was measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and safety was assessed by monitoring adverse reactions and various biochemical parameters.ResultsThe cohort comprised 76 patients with an average age of 33.93 years; 57.89% were male. Before abrocitinib, 36.84% were naïve to advanced therapies. The baseline mean scores were SCORAD 47.04, EASI 21.79, and DLQI 15.01. At Week 24, there were significant improvements: EASI was reduced to 2.81, and 70.58% of the patients achieved EASI 75. However, 18.42% discontinued treatment mainly due to inefficacy or adverse effects. The safety profile was favorable, with 22.37% reporting mild adverse events (AEs) and one serious case of cutaneous lymphoma.ConclusionsThis first Spanish series assessing abrocitinib in real‐world conditions reveals a significant improvement in AD symptoms and quality of life in a range of severity and prior treatment failures. Abrocitinib was well‐tolerated, with few serious AEs, highlighting its potential as an effective treatment option for AD.
A revised model of cognitive apprenticeship: A qualitative study
Authors: Matsuo Makoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe six‐phase model of cognitive apprenticeship (modelling, coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflection and exploration) has been recognized as a useful and effective instructional method in educational research; however, only a few studies have investigated the structural relationships among the six phases at work. This study aimed to qualitatively examine the relationships among the six phases of cognitive apprenticeship. The study focused on the preceptorship of clinical nursing education in which an experienced nurse (preceptor) instructs a newly registered nurse (preceptee) during their first year of tenure. The grounded theory approach was used to analyse open‐ended survey data from 41 nurses at a university hospital in Japan. Participants were asked to recall how they were instructed by their preceptors. The results indicated that preceptors used articulation and reflection during coaching, scaffolding, and exploration, and that scaffolding was closely associated with exploration. Based on these findings, a revised model of cognitive apprenticeship was proposed. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a revised cognitive apprenticeship model.
Cracking the type 1 diabetes code: Genes, microbes, immunity, and the early life environment
Authors: Yau Christopher , Danska Jayne S. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulation, and environmental triggers, that culminate in the destruction of insulin‐secreting pancreatic β cells. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the multiple factors underpinning T1D pathogenesis, to elucidate key mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Beginning with an exploration of genetic risk factors, we dissect the roles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and non‐HLA gene variants associated with T1D susceptibility. Mechanistic insights gleaned from the NOD mouse model provide valuable parallels to the human disease, particularly immunological intricacies underlying β cell–directed autoimmunity. Immunological drivers of T1D pathogenesis are examined, highlighting the pivotal contributions of both effector and regulatory T cells and the multiple functions of B cells and autoantibodies in β‐cell destruction. Furthermore, the impact of environmental risk factors, notably modulation of host immune development by the intestinal microbiome, is examined. Lastly, the review probes human longitudinal studies, unveiling the dynamic interplay between mucosal immunity, systemic antimicrobial antibody responses, and the trajectories of T1D development. Insights garnered from these interconnected factors pave the way for targeted interventions and the identification of biomarkers to enhance T1D management and prevention strategies.
Factors Influencing Staff Perceptions of Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitals: A Meta‐Review of the Literature
Authors: Thompson Kate A. , Modini Matthew , Abbott Maree J. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTStaff perceptions of inpatient psychiatric hospitals ultimately impact a range of organisational and care‐related variables, including staff retention and quality of care for inpatients. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta‐review to synthesise themes reported by staff to influence their perceptions of inpatient psychiatric hospitals. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews. PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched. Reviews were eligible for inclusion if they examined the perception/experience of paid staff involved in caring for adults with mental illnesses admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Eligible reviews were assessed for methodological quality and bias. Thematic synthesis was used to merge thematically similar findings into an aggregate summary. Fifteen reviews were included, from which seven themes were reliably extracted: staff and patient safety, views on inpatients' experiences, relationships on the ward, ward rules, knowledge and experience, service delivery issues and coercive measures. Confidence in the evidence underlying each theme was analysed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation—Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE‐CERQual) criteria. Results indicate that staff perceptions of inpatient psychiatric hospitals overlap with inpatients' perspectives, particularly regarding the therapeutic relationship, coercive measures and ward safety, in addition to unique experiences. Factors identified can help guide ways to improve staff retention, satisfaction and quality of treatment.