bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The learning curve of electronic prescribing
Authors: Craxford Simon , Taylor Leia , Duguid Alex , Shivji Faiz , Pickering Simon 
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Medication errors are a potentially avoidable source of harm to patients. The authors' hospital has introduced electronic prescribing in an attempt to reduce these errors. A prospective quality improvement project was performed to assess both the impact of this change on prescribing errors and to see if there was a learning curve associated with prescribers using the new system. Methods: A simple prescribing task was created in which study participants were asked to prescribe a set list of medications for a fictional patient. The participants were timed first using paper drug cards, and then using the prescribing function on iSOFT's iClinical Manager. The prescriptions were also assessed for legibility and errors. This was done within 1 week of the participants starting in the department, and then 2 and 4 months later. A total of 25 junior doctors completed the task. No participant had prior experience of electronic prescribing in a clinical setting. Results: During week one, the task took a longer average time to complete using electronic prescribing compared to paper (323 seconds vs 290 seconds, P<0.01). After 2 months the mean time to complete the task was shorter with electronic prescribing compared to paper (261 seconds vs 306 seconds, P<0.01). There was therefore a significant mean reduction in the time taken to complete the task using electronic prescribing of 62 seconds (P=0.01). There were fewer illegible entries or drug errors using electronic prescribing compared to paper prescribing (2.7% vs 5.3%, P=0.68). Conclusions: Electronic prescribing appears to reduce prescribing errors. However, there is a learning curve for new doctors using electronic prescribing. Training and support is vital during this period in order to reduce prescribing errors.
Use of NPWT with and without Soft Port technology in infected foot wounds undergoing partial diabetic foot amputation
Authors: Schwartz J.A. , Fuller A. , Avdagic E. , Gendics C. , Lantis J.C. 
Published: September 2015

Objective: Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has previously been shown to be effective in closing diabetic foot wounds that have undergone amputation over a 16-week period. For patients with plantar foot wounds, NPWT is a key therapy. An alternative NPWT with and without a novel soft, flexible port system needs to be evaluated for its comparable efficacy. Our objective was to show the non-inferiority of an alternative negative pressure system, and in a small subset, a novel foam dressing system. Method: We performed a single centre prospective study of patients with diabetes undergoing open bone resection in the foot for acutely infected wounds. Wounds were treated with NPWT/soft port technology (SPT), for 112 days or until primary closure or the wound was deemed ready for delayed primary closure. Rate of closure and quality of life were analysed. A previously published cohort was used as a control. Results: Of the 30 patients initially recruited, 29 met eligibility requirements and had NPWT applied a median of 2 days postoperatively. There were seven patients (24%) who had delayed primary closure (mean=58 days) and 52% had sufficient progress to change in treatment (15/29; mean=62 days). Only one patient reached the 112-day mark without sufficient progress to be closed. The primary method of delayed primary closure was split-thickness skin graft. There was a reduction in wound area 56.3% (initial mean area=17.4cm2 to final mean area=7.6 cm2; p=0.001) at the end of treatment (mean=58.7 days) reduced to 4.3cm2 a 67.2% reduction (p=0.004) at the end of study (112 days). Conclusion: The alternative NPWT and the soft port technology was well tolerated and effective in the population in aggregate. There was no inferiority between the two technologies. The aggregate closure or progression to be ready for closure rate of 75% at 69 days compares very favourably with previously published data for NPWT in this population of 56% at 56 days (range: 26–92 days). Both cohorts did significantly better than previously published standard of care closure rates of 39% at 77 days. Declaration of interest: J.C. Lantis is a paid consultant for Smith & Nephew, Acelity, Macrocure and Manukamed. This trial as supported by an institutional grant to St Luke's and Roosevelt Hospital sponsored by Smith & Nephew. The outcome of the trial had no bearing on the condition of the grant. No investigator holds an equity position in Smith & Nephew. C. Gendics is a paid consultant of Acelity.
Langlands program for p-adic coefficients and the petits camarades conjecture
Authors: Abe Tomoyuki 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we prove that, if Deligne’s “petits camarades
conjecture” holds, then a Langlands type correspondence holds also for
p-adic coefficients on a smooth curve over a finite field. As an
application, we prove that any overconvergent F-isocrystal of rank
less than or equal to 2 on a smooth curve is ι-mixed.
A local voice of Macau: Traditional Characters, code-switching and Written Cantonese in an internet forum
Authors: Hok-Shing, Chan Brian, 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Macau is geographically small but it has a large and complex population with various sub-groups from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Against a backdrop of multilingualism and multiculturalism, questions arise as to whether there is a local Macau Chinese identity and, if yes, how this identity is constructed via language. From a set of language data collected from an internet forum, where university students and their peers have been expressing themselves under minimal censorship, a vernacular “voice” does seem to emerge with the pervasiveness of Traditional Characters and Written Cantonese, demarcating local students and mainland students. Whereas Written Cantonese, often interspersed with English words and phrases, has long been in use in Hong Kong and Macau, the data do show many creative expressions or literacy practices that depart further from the more (quasi-)standard Written Cantonese characters. This creativity is appropriately described as “translanguaging”, and yet “translanguaging” is nothing new in Cantonese-speaking communities; that is, at its outset, Written Cantonese is a “translanguaging” practice in the sense that it challenges the literary norm that “Chinese should always be written in Modern Standard Chinese” and problematizes the language ideology that “a dialect, such as Cantonese, cannot be written”. In addition, these literacy practices, though fluid and creative, are largely based on spoken Cantonese, and hence they can be seen as a way of making the forum even more exclusive to mainland students.
两岸差异词及两岸差异词词典的编纂 —— 《两岸差异词词典》编后感言
Authors: 行健 李 
Published: September 2015

摘要
《两岸差异词词典》全书约 60 万字, 从启动编写到出版历时 4 年多。本文首先介绍了编写的缘起和前期准备的情况, 然后从差异词的界定和收录、释义要求、信息提示栏的设计以及针对词典特点的配例原则等方面进行了介绍。
Sorting Out Identities: An Educational Primer for Use with “Novel Tools for Genetic Manipulation of Follicle Stem Cells in the Drosophila Ovary Reveal an Integrin-Dependent Transition from Quiescence to Proliferation”
Authors: Silva Diane , Jemc Jennifer C 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
SUMMARY Organisms are made up of thousands of different cell types that must migrate, proliferate, and interact with each other to yield functional organ systems and ultimately a viable organism. A characteristic that distinguishes one cell type from another is the set of genes that it expresses. An article by Hartman et al. in the April 2015 issue of GENETICS identified methods to uniquely identify different cell populations during oogenesis, providing valuable tools for future studies. This Primer article provides background information on the Drosophila ovary as a system in which to study stem cell regulation, mechanisms for regulating gene expression, and the techniques used by Hartman et al. to identify specific cell populations and study their function.
Related article in GENETICS: Hartman, T. R., E. M. Ventresca, A. Hopkins, D. Zinshteyn, T. Singh et al., 2015 Novel Tools for Genetic Manipulation of Follicle Stem Cells in the Drosophila Ovary Reveal an Integrin-Dependent Transition from Quiescence to Proliferation. Genetics 199:935–957.
ANTIOBESITY OF FUCOXANTHIN FROM Sargassumechinocarpum BY INCREASING β-OXIDATION IN ADIPOCYTE
Authors: Firdaus Muhamad , Agustin Fadhilah Purna , Kholifatul Alif J , Wiratama Nugroho , Sudjatmiko Yusuf Adi 
Published: September 2015

Fucoxanthin is a one of carotenoids that contained in brown seaweeds. This compound has been affected to lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiobesity of fucoxanthin of Sargassumechinocarpum on adipocyte by increasing of adiponectin and decreasing of tumor necrosis factor a expressions. Fucoxanthin was isolated from Sargassumechinocarpum and validated by infrared spectrophotometer. Adipocyte was obtained from pre-adipocyte cell from viscera tissue of wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus) and cultured in fetal bovine serum and Dulbeccos modified eagle’s medium. Adipocyte was treated with fucoxanthin and quercetin as control. Expression of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor a of adipocyte was verified by enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and observed by ELISA reader. The result showed that infrared spectra of Sargassumechinocarpumextract was equal with infrared spectra of fucoxanthin. Adipocyte cells treated with fucoxanthin showed increasing of adiponectin and decreasing of tumor necrosis factor a expression. It indicated that fucoxanthin able to enhance β-oxidation in adipocyte cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that fucoxanthin from Sargassumechinocarpum able to increase adiponectin and decrease tumor necrosis factor a expression in adipocyte and it is promising to develop anantiobesitynutraceutical.Keywords: adipocyte, adiponectin, fucoxanthin, Sargassumechinocarpum, tumor necrosis factor α
Use of Stabilisation Chains to Optimise Lazy Wave Flexible Risers in Harsh Environments
Authors: Gurung Amul , Viana Pedro , O'Brien Aoife , Rimmer Alex 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The paper addresses the use of steel chains in a lazy wave configured flexible riser system to provide an alternative flexible riser configuration for use in challenging environments including large vessel offsets and motions, and large ranges of riser internal fluid properties. While the compliant nature of flexible pipe provides excellent fatigue and strength resistance, flexible risers typically experience larger deflections when compared with rigid risers, which results in greater challenges managing interference issues with adjacent structures. Different lengths and variable masses of chain are installed at locations along the hog bend of the flexible riser configuration. The arrangement of the chain masses, length and positioning along the line are developed to primarily prevent contact with the seabed and the hull of the FPSO when a range of heavy and light internal fluids are considered. A number of weighted steel chain configurations are evaluated and presented through an analytical case study in order to demonstrate the benefits of this approach for a typical generic shallow water application FPSO system. Installation and hardware design aspects are additional requirements that may need to be addressed in further assessments.
Through the in-place case study, comparisons are made between the performance of the flexible riser system with and without the weighted steel chains. Global finite element models are developed to simulate the performance of the different flexible riser configurations when subject to a range of loading scenarios covering large FPSO offsets, harsh environmental conditions and a range of riser internal fluid densities. Performance criteria of the flexible riser such as tensile loading, curvature and motion envelopes are presented to show the improvements derived though optimisation of the chains. It is also demonstrated that the chain section that extends along the seabed helps to reduce the transverse displacement and “lateral walking” thus reducing the risk of clashing with adjacent structures and changes in line lay azimuth under strong transverse current loading. The cost effectiveness of the chain weighted flexible is also compared to other solutions considering new and retro-fit applications. This work demonstrates that an improved and cost effective solution is developed to provide an acceptable flexible riser dynamic response for the range of operational fluid densities that may be experienced in its operational lifetime.
Using Quality Assurance Principles to Help Ensure the Validity and Reliability of Competency Assessments
Authors: Kruger Todd , Leuro Jorge 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Organizations within the oil and gas industry have invested heavily in embedding competency programs into business framework and corporate cultures, expecting that they will be instrumental in terms of delivering superior business results by building and maintaining workforce capability.
To execute this strategy, individuals should be engaged by reliably adopting principles and applying processes. However, with respect to accountability, individuals will choose to either adopt behavior that drives compliance or complacency for themselves and others.
A “compliance mentality” involves individuals successfully applying competency program processes because they believe that developing, assessing, and documenting a true competence of the workforce will drive better business results. A “complacent mentality” involves individuals “ticking the box” or “chasing the numbers,” either unconcerned with how metrics are achieved or comfortable with mediocre quality because they believe that the extra time and effort is not worthwhile.
The inherent challenges, therefore, are recognizing that complacency is likely and that a systematic methodology is necessary to (1) help mitigate risk by identifying nonconformance and correcting undesired behavior and (2) continuously improve the belief system of the organization.
This paper discusses how a full-spectrum oil and gas service company, with more than 60,000 employees with competencies and 16,000 qualified raters, is ensuring that individuals adopt desired behavior by applying “verification”, a principle that is well-known but a practice that is not necessarily consistently applied throughout the oil and gas industry. This paper further highlights (1) how industry-recognized verification practices, proven at the local business unit level, have been reviewed and adapted to apply to a global competency program without creating undesirable burden, (2) how a layered approach to verification has been implemented, and (3) how this investment is producing the business results and benefits for all stakeholders in the competency program.
Towards Reasonable European Shale Gas Regulation - the European Commission's 2014 Recommendation and Communication on Shale Gas Extraction
Authors: Fleming Ruven 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Following years of deliberation, the European Union released a Recommendation on unconventional hydrocarbons and a related Communication in 2014. Although these documents are not legally binding on member states, they are nevertheless of great significance as they indicate, for the first time, the current and likely future stance of EU institutions on the regulation of unconventional hydrocarbons. The paper will trace the origins and development of these documents, as they provide vital clues for the road ahead in European shale gas regulation.
Given the long-standing absence of specific European regulation on unconventional hydrocarbons, a range of different views on the applicability of the existing regulatory framework evolved. The paper highlights the main pillars of the system, which constitute the foundations of the 2014 Recommendation on unconventional hydrocarbons. The paper will conclude that the European Commission resisted numerous calls for implementation of an unnecessarily intrusive and legally questionable set of new rules. Instead, it adopted a flexible and sufficiently open approach to unconventional hydrocarbons extraction. The 2014 Recommendation may hence be characterized as a successful balancing act, which leaves member states with considerable leeway for implementing their own regulatory strategies, while providing much-needed assurance for investors that Europe will not be “closed for shale business”.
A Human Factors Perspective: Building Situation Awareness Through Competence - An Insight Into Industry Challenges and Best Practice For The Development of Young & Experienced Personnel Employed In UKCS Offshore Lifting Operations
Authors: De Cort A. L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Offshore Lifting Operations are high hazard, high risk activities with the potential to kill, cause serious injuries, or damage to critical plant and equipment. As 24:7, 365 days a year production and exploration facilities, offshore installations are highly reliant on lifting operations and lifting technology for much of their day to day needs. Yet, two-thirds (65%) of UKCS reported lifting incidents occur during in-board lifts using a pedestal crane and 75% of those worldwide. This presentation builds on the key findings of a comprehensive, independent Offshore Research project conducted with UKCS Deck Crews and Load Handling personnel. It provides the background to the research, an overview of the challenges and the relevance of key findings in terms of established human factors research in related areas of accident causation, factors influencing skills transfer, retention and decay; and the impact of organizational goal conflicts in developing a competent workforce and measures to ensure safety on the frontline. Finally, it provides examples of best practice and successful initiatives, which have been implemented to develop the confidence, competency and situation awareness of UKCS lifting personnel.
Real-Time Monitoring of Asphaltene Deposition for Solvent Job Cycle Optimization
Authors: de Boer J. P. , van der Linden R. J. , Renes W. A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Asphaltene agglomeration and deposition is a complex process, leading to progressive production losses without mitigative actions. Injection of asphaltenes inhibitors (solvents) in the tubing is a common practice to avoid deposition in production tubing. This does however not avoid deposition in the near-wellbore. Wells suffering from asphaltenes depositions are regularly shut in for ‘solvent jobs’, injection of chemicals to dissolve asphaltenes in the (near-)wellbore. After a solvent job the well performance slowly degrades again due to new deposition. The goal of this study was to optimize the production-solvent cycle in terms of maximizing production profit, by means of a data-driven model capturing both well and reservoir performance.
TNO and ENI have developed a grey-box model to capture the impact of asphaltenes deposition in the near-wellbore on oil production. This effective PI-model is calibrated to actual field data and has shown to predict the effect of deposition and the resulting production decline well. This paper describes the background and modelling approach for both the grey-box reservoir deposition as well as the wellbore and choke pressure drop – predicting near-future oil prediction based on current performance. Examples of calibrating the grey-box deposition parameters are given and for the used well data the prediction window shows to be consistent for at least 20 days ahead. The outcome of the developed functionalities is an estimated ‘optimal cycle length’ and therefore a suggested next date of performing a solvent job at a specific well.
The methodology was developed using production data from a well equipped with multiphase flow meter (MPFM), but is applicable to wells with intermittent flow readings as well. The methodology can handle any realistic trend in production fluid (GOR, WC) as well as operator input (choke, FLP back pressure) and economic constraint (OPEX, solvent job cost relation).
The developed functionalities are applicable for real-time implementation, even without optimization of the code in terms of computational speed. Current production data is available on an hourly basis, wheras the calculation of the optimal solvent job cycle (including predicting oil production rates one month ahead) takes a few minutes maximum.
A demonstrator implementation in OVS software can be used to optimize solvent job cycles on individual well basis. The operator can through choke variations manipulate the predicted date of the next optimal solvent job when scheduling solvent jobs at multiple wells (under equipment constraints). Extension of this work can include optimization of an asset of wells, maximizing total production under practical solvent job constraints.
Digital Oil Field Cyber Security Best in Class
Authors: Almadi Soloman M. , AL-Khabbaz Fouad M. , Abualsaud Zakarya A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A lot has changed since Process Control Systems (PCS) were isolated and provided very specific functions based on proprietary closed vendor based solutions. In the early 1990's, and with evolution of Information Technology, PCS started taking higher leaps toward integration and open standards. Why? Simply because open standards drove cost down and provided ways to enhance plant operations due to integration and interconnectivity. Plant applications and services, including Intelligent Field Infrastructure (IFI) have far benefited from integration and interconnectivity. Other concerns emerged in the areas of Cybersecurity and Manageability.
This paper demonstrates how cyber security can be adopted into existing IFI systems and be an integral part of IFI deployment plan. It will attempt to identify intelligent field cyber security risk, look into available solutions, and evaluate a more systematic approach in enabling cyber protection into the end-to-end system.
Control and Optimization of Directional Drilling System
Authors: Elshafei M.. , Baig M. M. , Mysorewala M. F. , Al-Majed A. A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Directional Drilling (DD) achieves higher well production and improves accessibility of oil reservoirs in complex locations. Quad Motor drilling heads was recently proposed to achieve better steering control of the drilling operation and higher dogleg severity. The current state of the art in DD is the Rotary Steerable System (RSS), where steering actuators displace the centerline of the drilling system away from the centerline of the hole by a controllable amount of eccentricity. The drilling bit is powered by the rotation of the drilling string. However, in the quad motor drilling head, four drilling bits are independently controlled by 4 downhole motors. This paper proposes a real time control and optimization of the quad bit directional drilling system. The control commands include the angular velocity and torque of each of the 4 motors. The control is updated at regular distance intervals. The optimization procedure determines the drilling parameters to minimize the drilling time and the deviation from the planned trajectory.