bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of tumor markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the peripheral pulmonary carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shi , Zhao Yun‐feng , Zhang Ming‐zhou , Wu Xue‐ling 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the value of Ubiquitin specific peptidase 8 (USP8), Chitinase 3‐like 1 (YKL40), Heat shock protein 90a (HSP90α), glutathione S‐transferase P1 (GSTP1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and cytokeratin fragment antiogen 21‐1 (CYFRA21‐1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum for diagnosis in patients with peripheral lung cancer.MethodsThe concentration of these markers were measured in 50 patients with peripheral lung cancer and 50 patients with benign lung diseases by using enzyme‐linked immuno sorbent assay methods.ResultsThere were significant differences between the peripheral lung cancer group and the benign lung disease group (P < 0.05) in the BALF of USP8, YKL40, HSP90α, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21‐1. There were significant differences between the peripheral lung cancer group and the benign lung disease group (P < 0.05) in the serum of HSP90α and CEA. There were no differences in others. There were no correlation between the concentration of all markers and age, histological type, TNM stage (I–IV). There was a weak correlation between the primary foci diameters and the concentration of YKL40 in BALF. (Pearson's correlation: 0.203, P = 0.048) The diagnostic efficiencies of USP8, YKL40, HSP90α were superior to CYFRA21‐1 and NSE, being lower CEA.Conclusion: Detection of tumor markers in BALF was superior to serum specimens. The measurement of USP8, HSP90α and YKL40 in BALF had more clinical value for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary carcinoma.
The effect of CPAP therapy on insulin‐like growth factor and cognitive functions in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Kanbay Asiye , Demir Neslihan Cerrah , Tutar Nuri , Köstek Osman , Özer Şimşek Zuhal , Buyukoglan Hakan , Demir Ramazan , Parrino Liborio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesCognitive impairment is common among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) levels and cognitive functions in patients with OSAS.Patient/Methods: Thirty‐three patients with newly diagnosed OSAS and 17 healthy‐control subjects enrolled in the study. All individuals completed the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) to evaluate cognitive function. Blood samples were taken at the end of the polysomnography in the morning and the same procedures were repeated 3 months after starting CPAP treatment.ResultsIn the OSAS group, the baseline MMSE score was 23.5 ± 3.6, and serum IGF‐1 level was 79.1 ± 36.1 ng/mL. Both values were significantly lower compared with the control group (mean MMSE score = 28.1 ± 1.4, P = 0.0001; mean serum IGF‐1 level = 147.1 ± 49.1 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Three months after CPAP treatment, OSAS patients showed a significant improvement in MMSE scores (26.5 ± 2.8, P = 0.0001) and serum IGF‐1 level (129.1 ± 58.2, P = 0.0001). In contrast, baseline and third‐month measurements for IGF‐1 levels and MMSE scores were not significantly different in the control group.ConclusionsThe results indicate that effective CPAP therapy in OSAS patients leads to significant improvement in cognitive functions and IGF‐1 even in a short‐term follow‐up. Cognitive function assessment might be a part of evaluation in OSAS patients.
Island time and the interplay between ecology and evolution in species diversification
Authors: Gillespie Rosemary G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractResearch on the dynamics of biodiversity has progressed tremendously over recent years, although in two separate directions – ecological, to determine change over space at a given time, and evolutionary, to understand change over time. Integration of these approaches has remained elusive. Archipelagoes with a known geological chronology provide an opportunity to study ecological interactions over evolutionary time. Here, I focus on the Hawaiian archipelago and summarize the development of ecological and evolutionary research; I emphasize spiders because they have attributes allowing analysis of ecological affinities in concert with diversification. Within this framework, I highlight recent insights from the island chronosequence, in particular the importance of (i) selection and genetic drift in generating diversity; (ii) fusion and fission in fostering diversification; and (iii) variability upon which selection can act. Insights into biodiversity dynamics at the nexus of ecology and evolution are now achievable by integrating new tools, in particular (i) ecological metrics (interaction networks, maximum entropy inference) across the chronosequence to uncover community dynamics and (ii) genomic tools to understand contemporaneous microevolutionary change. The work can inform applications of invasion and restoration ecology by elucidating the importance of changes in abundances, interaction strengths, and rates of evolutionary response in shaping biodiversity.
Corpus Callosum Diffusion and Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors: A DTI and fMRI Study
Authors: Tantillo Gabriella , Peck Kyung K. , Arevalo‐Perez Julio , Lyo John K. , Chou Joanne F. , Young Robert J. , Brennan Nicole Petrovich , Holodny Andrei I. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEExamining how left‐hemisphere brain tumors might impact both the microstructure of the corpus callosum (CC) as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) values in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as well as cortical language lateralization measured with functional MRI (fMRI).METHODSfMRI tasks (phonemic fluency and verb generation) were performed in order to detect activation in Broca's and Wernicke's area. Twenty patients with left‐hemisphere brain tumors were investigated. fMRI results were divided into left dominant (LD), right dominant (RD), or codominant (CD) for language function. DTI was performed to generate FA maps in the anterior and posterior CC. FA values were correlated with the degree of language dominance.RESULTSPatients who were LD or RD for language in Broca's area had lower FA in the anterior CC than those who were CD for language (median for CD = .72, LD = .66, RD = .65, P < .09). Lateralized versus CD group level analysis also showed that CD patients had higher FA in the anterior CC than patients who displayed strong lateralization in either hemisphere (median for CD = .72, lateralized = .65, P < .05).CONCLUSIONOur preliminary observations indicate that the greater FA in CD patients may reflect a more directional microstructure for the CC in this region, suggesting a greater need for interhemispheric transfer of information. Because brain tumors can cause compensatory codominance, our findings may suggest a mechanism by which interhemispheric transfer is facilitated during plasticity in the presence of a tumor.
Obatoclax as a perpetrator in drug–drug interactions and its efficacy in multidrug resistance cell lines
Authors: Theile Dirk , Allendorf David , Köhler Bruno Christian , Jassowicz Adam , Weiss Johanna 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Obatoclax is a pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor with promising efficacy, especially when combined with other antineoplastic agents. Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions can occur systemically and at the level of the tumour cell. Thus, this study scrutinised the interaction potential of obatoclax in vitro.

Methods
Obatoclax was screened for P-gp inhibition by calcein assay, for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibition by pheophorbide A assay and for inhibition of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYPs) by commercial kits. Induction of mRNA of drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters was quantified in LS180 cells via real-time polymerase chain reaction and involvement of nuclear receptors was assessed by reporter gene assays. Proliferation assays were used to assess whether obatoclax retains its efficacy in cell lines overexpressing BCRP, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2).

Key findings
Obatoclax induced the mRNA expression of several genes (e.g. CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and ABCG2 (five to seven-fold) through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the nanomolar range. Obatoclax inhibits P-gp, BCRP and some CYPs at concentrations exceeding plasma levels. P-gp, MPR2 or BCRP overexpression did not influence the efficacy of obatoclax.

Conclusions
Obatoclax retains its efficacy in cells overexpressing P-gp, MRP2 or BCRP and might act as a perpetrator drug in interactions with drugs, for example being substrates of CYP1A2 or BCRP.
The formation of an inclusion complex between a metabolite of ginsenoside, compound K and γ-cyclodextrin and its dissolution characteristics
Authors: Igami Kentaro , Ozawa Masatoshi , Inoue Sae , Iohara Daisuke , Miyazaki Toshitsugu , Shinoda Masamitsu , Anraku Makoto , Hirayama Fumitoshi , Uekama Kaneto 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
20S-protopanaxadiol 20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound K), a metabolite of ginsenoside, is only sparingly soluble in water. The aim of this study was to improve the low solubility, slow dissolution rate and low oral bioavailability of compound K by forming an inclusion complex with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CyD), and to compare the results with those of β-CyD complex.

Methods
The interactions of compound K with β and γ-CyDs were studied by the solubility method and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Solid forms of compound K/CyD complexes with different molar ratios were prepared by the kneading method, and the resulting complex was characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry. The dissolution rate of the complexes was measured by the rotary disk method. In-vivo absorption studies in rats were carried out, and the serum level of compound K, after its oral administration, was measured by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system.

Key findings
γ-CyD markedly improved the low solubility of compound K at lower CyD concentrations (&lt;0.03 M), whereas the solubility was decreased at higher concentrations (&gt;0.06 m). The enhancement in solubility by γ-CyD at a lower concentration was much higher than the corresponding values for β-CyD. The apparent 1:1 stability constant (1.5 × 105 m−1) for the γ-CyD complex was 18-fold larger than that (8.2 × 103 m−1) of the β-CyD complex. The dissolution rate of the 1:1 compound K/γ-CyD complex was faster than that for the 1:3 (guest : host) complex. These results suggest that the dissolution rate of the 1:1 complex, in which the drug is partially included, was faster than that of the 1:3 complex, in which the drug was completely included, due to the higher solubility and amorphous property of the former complex compared with the properties of the latter complex. The fast dissolution of the γ-CyD complex was reflected in the maximum plasma level (Cmax) of the drug and the time (Tmax) to reach the maximum plasma level after its oral administration to rats.

Conclusions
The effect of γ-CyD on enhancing the solubility of compound K is much higher than that for the β-CyD complex, and the dissolution rate of the guest when it is partially included in the γ-CyD is faster the corresponding value when it is completely included in the cavity.
Extrapolation of enalapril efficacy from adults to children using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling
Authors: Kechagia Irene-Ariadne , Kalantzi Lida , Dokoumetzidis Aristides 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
To extrapolate enalapril efficacy to children 0–6 years old, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model was built using literature data, with blood pressure as the PD endpoint.

Methods
A PK model of enalapril was developed from literature paediatric data up to 16 years old. A PD model of enalapril was fitted to adult literature response vs time data with various doses. The final PKPD model was validated with literature paediatric efficacy observations (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) drop after 2 weeks of treatment) in children of age 6 years and higher. The model was used to predict enalapril efficacy for ages 0–6 years.

Key findings
A two-compartment PK model was chosen with weight, reflecting indirectly age as a covariate on clearance and central volume. An indirect link PD model was chosen to describe drug effect. External validation of the model's capability to predict efficacy in children was successful. Enalapril efficacy was extrapolated to ages 1–11 months and 1–6 years finding the mean DBP drop 11.2 and 11.79 mmHg, respectively.

Conclusions
Mathematical modelling was used to extrapolate enalapril efficacy to young children to support a paediatric investigation plan targeting a paediatric-use marketing authorization application.
Natural course of subjects with elevated liver tests and normal liver histology
Authors: Strasser Michael , Stadlmayr Andreas , Haufe Heike , Stickel Felix , Ferenci Peter , Patsch Wolfgang , Feldman Alexandra , Weghuber Daniel , Datz Christian , Aigner Elmar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsLiver biopsy (LB) is performed if non‐invasive work‐up of liver disease is inconclusive. The examination of liver tissue occasionally reveals normal histology. Long‐term follow‐up of such patients has not been performed.MethodsWe identified a total 70 subjects from our LB database with elevated liver tests and normal liver histology after a mean of 90.5 ± 52.3 (range 15–216) months and conducted reassessment of medical history, physical examination, laboratory testing, ultrasound, transient elastography and LB if indicated.ResultsAt follow‐up examination, 15 (7 females (f)/8 males (m); 21.4%) subjects had normal liver tests and no further evidence of liver disease. A subset of 37 (29 f/8 m; 52.9%) subjects had persistently elevated liver tests without evidence indicating progressive liver disease but the cause thereof remained unexplained also at the follow‐up visit. Three (0 f/3 m; 4.3%) subjects had consumed excessive alcohol with indicators of alcoholic liver disease. Eleven subjects (4 f/7 m; 15.7%) had developed steatosis on ultrasound examination along with weight gain and/or biochemical features of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, three (2 f/1 m) patients developed autoimmune hepatitis, one female presented with primary biliary cirrhosis. One male was diagnosed with cholangiocellular carcinoma 3 months after the initial evaluation.ConclusionThe clinical course of most patients was benign, but in approximately 20% of the subjects a liver disease developed. Particular attention should be given to autoimmune liver diseases in subjects with positive autoantibodies. In addition, lifestyle factors such as weight gain and alcohol consumption were associated with the manifestation of liver diseases.
Pacing Strategy, Muscle Fatigue, and Technique in 1500-m Speed-Skating and Cycling Time Trials
Authors: Stoter Inge K. , MacIntosh Brian R. , Fletcher Jared R. , Pootz Spencer , Zijdewind Inge , Hettinga Florentina J. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose:To evaluate pacing behavior and peripheral and central contributions to muscle fatigue in 1500-m speed-skating and cycling time trials when a faster or slower start is instructed.Methods:Nine speed skaters and 9 cyclists, all competing at regional or national level, performed two 1500-m time trials in their sport. Athletes were instructed to start faster than usual in 1 trial and slower in the other. Mean velocity was measured per 100 m. Blood lactate concentrations were measured. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), and potentiated twitch (PT) of the quadriceps muscles were measured to estimate central and peripheral contributions to muscle fatigue. In speed skating, knee, hip, and trunk angles were measured to evaluate technique.Results:Cyclists showed a more explosive start than speed skaters in the fast-start time trial (cyclists performed first 300 m in 24.70 ± 1.73 s, speed skaters in 26.18 ± 0.79 s). Both trials resulted in reduced MVC (12.0% ± 14.5%), VA (2.4% ± 5.0%), and PT (25.4% ± 15.2%). Blood lactate concentrations after the time trial and the decrease in PT were greater in the fast-start than in the slow-start trial. Speed skaters showed higher trunk angles in the fast-start than in the slow-start trial, while knee angles remained similar.Conclusions:Despite similar instructions, behavioral adaptations in pacing differed between the 2 sports, resulting in equal central and peripheral contributions to muscle fatigue in both sports. This provides evidence for the importance of neurophysiological aspects in the regulation of pacing. It also stresses the notion that optimal pacing needs to be studied sport specifically, and coaches should be aware of this.
Genome sequence of the pink–pigmented marine bacterium Loktanella hongkongensis type strain (UST950701–009PT), a representative of the Roseobacter group
Authors: Lau Stanley CK , Riedel Thomas , Fiebig Anne , Han James , Huntemann Marcel , Petersen Jörn , Ivanova Natalia N. , Markowitz Victor , Woyke Tanja , Göker Markus , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Klenk Hans-Peter , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLoktanella hongkongensis UST950701-009PT is a Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a marine biofilm in the subtropical seawater of Hong Kong. When growing as a monospecies biofilm on polystyrene surfaces, this bacterium is able to induce larval settlement and metamorphosis of a ubiquitous polychaete tubeworm Hydroides elegans. The inductive cues are low-molecular weight compounds bound to the exopolymeric matrix of the bacterial cells. In the present study we describe the features of L. hongkongensis strain DSM 17492T together with its genome sequence and annotation and novel aspects of its phenotype. The 3,198,444 bp long genome sequence encodes 3104 protein-coding genes and 57 RNA genes. The two unambiguously identified extrachromosomal replicons contain replication modules of the RepB and the Rhodobacteraceae-specific DnaA-like type, respectively.
Designing with Ethnography: Tabletops and the Importance of their Physical Setup for Group Interactions in Exhibitions
Authors: Storz Michael , Kanellopoulos Kalja , Fraas Claudia , Eibl Maximilian 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Designing interactive surfaces for walk-up-and-use scenarios in semi-public spaces like museums is a challenging task, since they need to be intuitive and appealing for a broad range of users. We describe the iterative development of two tabletop prototypes and their applications with a combination of interaction design and different types of ethnography. We outline the extensive development process and describe a user study with our second prototype, conducted in an exhibition about new media and digital cooperation for one week. Especially the physical setup of our tabletops distinguishes them from others. It consists of several seating elements to make interaction more comfortable for a heterogeneity of active users and onlookers. As an example for the analysis of the collected data we outline an interaction session of a group of 15 people. Results show that the artifact was well received and that groups and their interactions benefited from the physical setup.
Development of nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers for the endangered conifer Callitris sulcata (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Sakaguchi Shota , Lannuzel Guillaume , Fogliani Bruno , Wulff Adrien S. , L'Huillier Laurent , Kurata Seikan , Ueno Saneyoshi , Isagi Yuji , Tsumura Yoshihiko , Ito Motomi 
Published: August 2015

Premise of the study:Microsatellite markers were developed for Callitris sulcata (Cupressaceae), an endangered conifer species in New Caledonia.Methods and Results:Using sequencing by synthesis (SBS) of an RNA‐Seq library, 15 polymorphic nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers were developed. When evaluated with 48 individuals, these markers showed genetic variations ranging from two to 15 alleles and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0 to 0.881.Conclusions:These markers will be useful for examining the genetic diversity and structure of remaining wild populations and improving the genetic status of ex situ populations.
Ambient noise‐based monitoring of seismic velocity changes associated with the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake
Authors: Taira Taka'aki , Brenguier Florent , Kong Qingkai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe perform an ambient noise‐based monitoring to explore temporal variations of crustal seismic velocities before, during, and after the 24 August 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake. A velocity drop of about 0.08% is observed immediately after the South Napa earthquake. Spatial variability of the velocity reduction is most correlated with the pattern of the peak ground velocity of the South Napa mainshock, which suggests that fracture damage in rocks induced by the dynamic strain is likely responsible for the coseismic velocity change. About 50% of the velocity reduction is recovered at the first 50 days following the South Napa mainshock. This postseismic velocity recovery may suggest a healing process of damaged rocks.
The Influence of Control on Belief in Conspiracy Theories: Conceptual and Applied Extensions
Authors: van Prooijen Jan‐Willem , Acker Michele 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThreats to control have been found to increase belief in conspiracy theories. We argue, however, that previous research observing this effect was limited in two ways. First, previous research did not exclude the possibility that affirming control might reduce conspiracy beliefs. Second, because of artificial lab procedures, previous findings provide little information about the external validity of the control threat–conspiracy belief relationship. In Study 1, we address the first limitation and find that affirming control indeed reduces belief in conspiracy theories as compared with a neutral baseline condition. In Study 2, we address the second limitation of the literature. In a large‐scale US sample, we find that a societal threat to control, that citizens actually experienced, predicts belief in a range of common conspiracy theories. Taken together, these findings increase insight in the fundamental relationship between the human need for control and the tendency to believe in conspiracy theories. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring the Optical Absorption of Water‐Stable ZrIV‐ and HfIV‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Photocatalysts
Authors: Doan Tan L. H. , Nguyen Ha L. , Pham Hung Q. , Pham‐Tran Nguyen‐Nguyen , Le Thach N. , Cordova Kyle E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNew ZrIV‐ and HfIV‐based metal–organic framework photocatalysts, termed VNU‐1 and VNU‐2 (where VNU=Vietnam National University), were synthesized and their resulting structures fully characterized. By employing a highly π‐conjugated linker, namely 1,4‐bis(2‐[4‐carboxyphenyl]ethynyl)benzene, the optical absorption properties were effectively red‐shifted into the visible light region. This strategy, coupled with the high water stability of the materials, led to enhanced MOF‐driven photocatalytic degradation, under ultraviolet‐visible light, of organic dye pollutants commonly found in wastewater.
Halogenase Engineering for the Generation of New Natural Product Analogues
Authors: Brown Stephanie , O'Connor Sarah E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHalogenases catalyze the incorporation of halogen atoms into organic molecules. Given the importance that halogenation has on the biological activity of small molecules, these enzymes have been subjected to intense engineering efforts to make them more suitable for biotechnology applications. The ability to biohalogenate complex molecules provides, in principle, the opportunity for rapid generation of a series of analogues with new or improved properties. Here we discuss the potential and limitations of using halogenases as biocatalysts, including recent advances in engineering halogenases to generate halogenated natural product analogues.