bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI KONSENTRASI INOKULUM, RASIO C:N:P DAN pH PADA PROSES BIOREMEDIASI LIMBAH PENGILANGAN MINYAK BUMI MENGGUNAKAN KULTUR CAMPURAN
Authors: Zam Syukria Ikhsan 
Published: November 2015

The purposes of this research were to obtain the best inoculum concentration, C:N:P ratio, and pH, and also to identify the ability of mixed culture of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria in oil waste degradation. The isolats were used are Acinetobacter baumanni, Alcaligenes eutrophus, Bacillus sp1., Methylococcus capsulatus, Bacillus sp2., Morococcus sp., Pseudomonas diminuta, Xanthomonas albilineans, Bacillus cereus and Flavobacterium branchiophiia. Variation of inoculum concentrations were 10%, 15%, and 20% (v/v), C:N:P ratios were 100:10:1, 100:10:0,5, 100:5:1, and 100:5:0,5, and pH were 6,5, 7,0, 7,5. Observed parameters in optimization were Total Plate Count (TPC) the culture every 24 hours, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) examined at the end of the bioremediation period. Best optimization result then analyzed with GC/MS. Optimization result indicated the best inoculum concentration was 10% with TPH degradation 61,79% and COD slope 61,75%. It is assumed that the low value of TPH degradation and COD slope at 15% and 20% inoculum concentration were caused by competition inside the bacterial population at that high inoculum concentration. The competition result in low growth and degradation. C:N:P ratio was 100:5:1 with TPH degradation 66,55% and COD slope 85,18%. It is assumed that the C:N:P ratio is equal, so it can enhance the bioremediation procces. The best pH was 7,5 with TPH degradation 73,24% and COD slope 86,28%. The process at the optimum conditions using inoculum as a mixed culture enhanced the bioremediation process with the result as follows, TPH degradation 93,06%, COD 90,73% for treatment. The chromatogram indicated that total hydrocarbon compound from nC9 – nC32 have been degraded by 43,413% – 63,117%. A good result of bioremediation was obtained from mixed culture inoculum at 10% concentration, C:N:P ratio of 100:5:1, and pH 7,5.<br /><br />Keywords: Bioremediation, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, inoculum concentration, C:N:P ratio, pH<br /><br />
GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI GASTER MENCIT HIBRID F1 (C3HxAJ) YANG DIINOKULASI TUMOR ADENOCARCINOMA MAMMA SECARA INTRAVENA, INTRAPERITONIAL DAN SUBKUTAN
Authors: Griana Tias Pramesti 
Published: November 2015

<p>The aim of the current study was to know if adenocarcinoma mamma tumor can be appear at the stomach of F1 hybrid mouse (C3HxAJ) that innoculated adenocarcinoma mamma's tumor via antravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneus. Methods : The study was experimentaly using posttest control group design, to examine the pylorus mucosa thickness, the number of metaplasia, hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell. Result : There were no metaplasia and hyperplasia but inflammatory cell has been found. Analize of the pylorus mucosa thickness and the number of inflammatory cell by Oneway ANOVA showed there was no significant different of control group and manipulated group (intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneus) (p&gt;0.05). Conclution : Adenocarcinoma mamma's tumor has been not found at the stomach of F1 hybrid mouse (C3HxAJ) that innoculated with via intravenous, intraperotoneal and subcutaneus.</p> <p> </p>
PENGEMBANGAN BIBIT UNGGUL PORANG (Amarphopallus oncophilus) MELALUI TEKNIK KULTUR IN VITRO UNTUK MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL
Authors: Suheriyanto Dwi , Romaidi Romaidi , Resmisari Ruri Siti 
Published: November 2015

<p>Porang (Amarphophallus. oncophyllus) is a type of plant tubers that have the potential and prospects for development in Indonesia. In addition to readily available, plants are also capable of producing carbohydrates and high harvest index. The last few years a very large porang needs. Porang plant propagation is vegetative and generative in which to make the seeds are ready to harvest takes between 4-6 months. This study aims to determine kinds of the appropriate medium for growing plants porang network and determine the concentration of each medium, so we get a superior porang plants. Research using factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is a growth regulator BAP concentration: 0 mg / l, 0.5 mg / l, 1.0 mg / l, 1.5 mg / l and 2.0 mg / l, while the second factor is the concentration of IBA 0 mg / l, 0.5 mg / l and 1.0 mg / l, in order to obtain 15 treatments and each treatment made 15 replications. Data were collected for the pengkalusan, contamination callus, callus mortality rate, number of buds, leaf buds height, number of leaves and root. The results showed that the addition of plant growth regulators (hormones) BAP in MS medium effect on the number of shoots, buds and the high number of young leaves. The addition of hormone IBA in MS medium pengkalusan affect the process and the number of roots. The addition of hormone BAP and IBA on MS medium did not significantly affect mortality contamination callus and callus. The interaction between BAP and IBA hormone given on MS medium did not significantly affect the pengkalusan, contamination callus, callus mortality rate, number of buds, leaf buds height, number of leaves and root</p> <p> </p>
Ultrasound-induced opening of the blood-brain barrier to enhance temozolomide and irinotecan delivery: an experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Beccaria Kevin , Canney Michael , Goldwirt Lauriane , Fernandez Christine , Piquet Julie , Perier Marie-Cécile , Lafon Cyril , Chapelon Jean-Yves , Carpentier Alexandre 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the intracerebral penetration of drugs and brain tumor treatment efficacy. The effect of ultrasound-induced BBB opening on the intracerebral concentration of temozolomide (TMZ) and irinotecan (CPT-11) was assessed.

METHODS
This study was performed using 34 healthy New Zealand rabbits. Half had unilateral BBB opening, and half served as controls. Sonications were performed by pulsing a 1.05-MHz planar ultrasound transducer with a duty cycle of 2.5% and an in situ acoustic pressure level of 0.6 MPa after injection of a microbubble ultrasound contrast agent. Drugs were injected either 5 minutes before (ChemoPreUS) or 15 minutes after (ChemoPostUS) the ultrasound sonication. The plasma and intracerebral concentrations of both drugs were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTS
The mean intracerebral tissue-to-plasma drug concentration ratio in the control hemispheres was 34% for TMZ and 2% for CPT-11. After BBB opening, these values increased by up to 21% for TMZ and up to 178% for CPT-11. Intracerebral concentrations of drugs were enhanced in regions where the BBB was opened compared with the contralateral hemisphere (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001 for CPT-11, p = 0.02 and p = 0.03 for TMZ, in ChemoPreUS and ChemoPostUS, respectively) and compared with the control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001 for CPT-11, p < 0.01 and p = 0.02 for TMZ, in ChemoPreUS and ChemoPostUS, respectively). The intracerebral distribution of drugs was heterogeneous, depending on the distance from the ultrasound source.

CONCLUSIONS
Ultrasound-induced opening of the BBB significantly enhances the intracerebral concentration of both TMZ and CPT-11 in rabbits.
The feasibility of producing patient-specific acrylic cranioplasty implants with a low-cost 3D printer
Authors: Tan Eddie T. W. , Ling Ji Min , Dinesh Shree Kumar 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Commercially available, preformed patient-specific cranioplasty implants are anatomically accurate but costly. Acrylic bone cement is a commonly used alternative. However, the manual shaping of the bone cement is difficult and may not lead to a satisfactory implant in some cases. The object of this study was to determine the feasibility of fabricating molds using a commercial low-cost 3D printer for the purpose of producing patient-specific acrylic cranioplasty implants.

METHODS
Using data from a high-resolution brain CT scan of a patient with a calvarial defect posthemicraniectomy, a skull phantom and a mold were generated with computer software and fabricated with the 3D printer using the fused deposition modeling method. The mold was used as a template to shape the acrylic implant, which was formed via a polymerization reaction. The resulting implant was fitted to the skull phantom and the cranial index of symmetry was determined.

RESULTS
The skull phantom and mold were successfully fabricated with the 3D printer. The application of acrylic bone cement to the mold was simple and straightforward. The resulting implant did not require further adjustment or drilling prior to being fitted to the skull phantom. The cranial index of symmetry was 96.2% (the cranial index of symmetry is 100% for a perfectly symmetrical skull).

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that it is feasible to produce patient-specific acrylic cranioplasty implants with a low-cost 3D printer. Further studies are required to determine applicability in the clinical setting. This promising technique has the potential to bring personalized medicine to more patients around the world.
Intracranial-to-intracranial bypass for posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: options, technical challenges, and results in 35 patients
Authors: Abla Adib A. , McDougall Cameron M. , Breshears Jonathan D. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Intracranial-to-intracranial (IC-IC) bypasses are alternatives to traditional extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypasses to reanastomose parent arteries, reimplant efferent branches, revascularize branches with in situ donor arteries, and reconstruct bifurcations with interposition grafts that are entirely intracranial. These bypasses represent an evolution in bypass surgery from using scalp arteries and remote donor sites toward a more local and reconstructive approach. IC-IC bypass can be utilized preferentially when revascularization is needed in the management of complex aneurysms. Experiences using IC-IC bypass, as applied to posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms in 35 patients, were reviewed.

METHODS
Patients with PICA aneurysms and vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms involving the PICA’s origin were identified from a prospectively maintained database of the Vascular Neurosurgery Service, and patients who underwent bypass procedures for PICA revascularization were included.

RESULTS
During a 17-year period in which 129 PICA aneurysms in 125 patients were treated microsurgically, 35 IC-IC bypasses were performed as part of PICA aneurysm management, including in situ p3-p3 PICA-PICA bypass in 11 patients (31%), PICA reimplantation in 9 patients (26%), reanastomosis in 14 patients (40%), and 1 V3 VA-to-PICA bypass with an interposition graft (3%). All aneurysms were completely or nearly completely obliterated, 94% of bypasses were patent, 77% of patients were improved or unchanged after treatment, and good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2) were observed in 76% of patients. Two patients died expectantly. Ischemic complications were limited to 2 patients in whom the bypasses occluded, and permanent lower cranial nerve morbidity was limited to 3 patients and did not compromise independent function in any of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS
PICA aneurysms receive the application of IC-IC bypass better than any other aneurysm, with nearly one-quarter of all PICA aneurysms treated microsurgically at our center requiring bypass without a single EC-IC bypass. The selection of PICA bypass is almost algorithmic: trapped aneurysms at the PICA origin or p1 segment are revascularized with a PICA-PICA bypass, with PICA reimplantation as an alternative; trapped p2 segment aneurysms are reanastomosed, bypassed in situ, or reimplanted; distal p3 segment aneurysms are reanastomosed or revascularized with a PICA-PICA bypass; and aneurysms of the p4 segment that are too distal for PICA-PICA bypass are reanastomosed. Interposition grafts are reserved for when these 3 primary options are unsuitable. A constructive approach that preserves the PICA with direct clipping or replaces flow with a bypass when sacrificed should remain an alternative to deconstructive PICA occlusion and endovascular coiling when complete aneurysm occlusion is unlikely.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase−2 and −9 in human ligamentum flavum cells treated with tumor necrosis factor−α and interleukin-1β
Authors: Kim Bum-Joon , Hur Junseok W. , Park Jong Soo , Kim Joo Han , Kwon Taek-Hyun , Park Youn-Kwan , Moon Hong Joo 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
An in vitro study was performed to understand the potential roles of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the elastin degradation of human ligamentum flavum (LF) cells via treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Previous studies have identified a decreased elastin to collagen ratio in hypertrophic LF. Among the extracellular matrix remodeling endopeptidases, MMP-2 and MMP-9 are known to have elastolytic activity. The hypothesis that activated LF cells exposed to inflammation would secrete MMP-2 and MMP-9, thereby resulting in elastin degradation, was examined.

METHODS
To examine MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in human LF, cells were isolated and cultured from LF tissues that were obtained during lumbar disc surgery. Isolated LF cells were equally divided into 3 flasks and subcultured. Upon cellular confluency, the LF cells were treated with TNFα, IL-1β, or none (as a control) and incubated for 48 hours. The conditioned media were collected and assayed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 using gelatin zymography and Western blot analysis. The electrophoresis bands were compared on densitometric scans using ImageJ software.

RESULTS
The conditioned media from the isolated human LF cells naturally expressed 72-kD and 92-kD gelatinolytic activities on gelatin zymography. The IL-1β-treated LF cells presented sustained increases in the proenzyme/zymogen forms of MMP−2 and −9 (proMMP-2 and proMMP-9), and activeMMP-9 expression (p = 0.001, 0.022, and 0.036, respectively); the TNFα-treated LF cells showed the most elevated proMMP9 secretion (p = 0.006), as determined by Western blot analyses. ActiveMMP-2 expression was not observed on zymography or the Western blot analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
TNFα and IL-1β promote proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 secretion. IL-1β appears to activate proMMP-9 in human LF cells. Based on these findings, selective MMP-9 blockers or antiinflammatory drugs could be potential treatment options for LF hypertrophy.
Glacier elevation and mass changes over the central Karakoram region estimated from TanDEM-X and SRTM/X-SAR digital elevation models
Authors: Rankl Melanie , Braun Matthias 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSnow cover and glaciers in the Karakoram region are important freshwater resources for many down-river communities as they provide water for irrigation and hydropower. A better understanding of current glacier changes is hence an important informational baseline. We present glacier elevation changes in the central Karakoram region using TanDEM-X and SRTM/X-SAR DEM differences between 2000 and 2012. We calculated elevation differences for glaciers with advancing and stable termini or surge-type glaciers separately using an inventory from a previous study. Glaciers with stable and advancing termini since the 1970s showed nearly balanced elevation changes of -0.09 ±0.12 m a-1 on average or mass budgets of -0.01 ±0.02Gt a-1 (using a density of 850 kg m-3). Our findings are in accordance with previous studies indicating stable or only slightly negative glacier mass balances during recent years in the Karakoram. The high-resolution elevation changes revealed distinct patterns of mass relocation at glacier surfaces during active surge cycles. The formation of kinematic waves at quiescent surge-type glaciers could be observed and points towards future active surge behaviour. Our study reveals the potential of the TanDEM-X mission to estimate geodetic glacier mass balances, but also points to still existing uncertainties induced by the geodetic method.
Gains d'efficience dans la gestion de zones humides estuariennes par des associations syndicales de propriétaires
Authors: Péreau Jean-Christophe , Milliet Alice , Lavaud Sébastien , Fauvet Natacha , Ferrari Sylvie , Point Patrick 
Published: November 2015

La gestion des zones humides dans l'estuaire de la Gironde est principalement assurée par deux types d'acteurs : publics avec les syndicats intercommunaux de bassin-versant ( Sibv ) et privés par l'intermédiaire des associations syndicales de propriétaires ( Asp ). La recherche d'une meilleure efficacité économique dans la gestion de ces zones humides est actuellement un objectif affiché par les autorités publiques à travers une logique de regroupement des Sibv en plus grandes entités. Cet article examine si la création d'unions d' Asp dont les périmètres seraient comparables avec ceux des futurs Sibv peut se justifier par une recherche d'économies d'échelle concernant les dépenses d'entretien des Asp . Les résultats mettent en avant des opportunités de gain d'efficience mais soulignent la nature des conflits possibles entre les Asp sur la répartition de ces gains.
Le patrimoine immobilier des chapitres cathédraux du Moyen Âge à l’époque moderne
Authors: Álvarez Fernández María , Beltrán Suárez María Soledad , Menjot Denis 
Published: November 2015

Le feu qui a détruit Oviedo en 1521 a fait disparaître les bâtiments médiévaux capitulaires, dont la structure peut être reconstituée grâce aux inspections immobilières des années 1510 et 1514. C’est grâce à cette inspection détaillée ordonnée par le chapitre de la cathédrale d’Oviedo (le principal propriétaire de biens immeubles dans la ville) qu’il est possible d’identifier les réformes entreprises avant et après le désastre, lesquelles entraînent la modification, et parfois la démolition, de l’architecture originale, et sont aussi la source principale pour la connaissance de l’architecture domestique à Oviedo lors de la transition du Moyen Âge à la Modernité, ainsi que du rôle que celle-ci jouait dans la morphologie urbaine.
Le lotissement médiéval de la « vieille ville » de Nice
Authors: Chouquer Gérard , González Villaescusa Ricardo 
Published: November 2015

Cette étude analyse le parcellaire de la partie centrale de la « vieille ville » de Nice, à partir du plan cadastral de 1870. Elle met en évidence la présence d’une trame régulière organisée en bandes parallèles et disposant de mesures répétitives. Il s’agit du lotissement, datant vraisemblablement du XIII e siècle, de la double condamina que l’abbaye de Saint-Pons possédait en ce lieu. Grâce au chartrier de cette abbaye, on peut suivre les concessions emphytéotiques de parcelles ou casales aux preneurs. Avec ce projet de lotissement, on assiste à la création d’une ville basse au pied de l’ancienne ville haute. L’analyse morphologique démontre la construction de cette trame par « la médiane des bandes ». Elle permet de réfuter l’hypothèse selon laquelle ce plan serait le vestige de la ville grecque de Nikaia .
L’invention du centre-ville européen
Authors: Feriel Cédric 
Published: November 2015

Cet article étudie la mutation des espaces centraux des villes européennes entre 1960 et 1980 à travers la politique des secteurs piétons. La recherche sur la ville du second XX e siècle s’est surtout intéressée aux espaces périphériques, pourtant les centres anciens connaissent aussi de profonds bouleversements liés à l’éclatement de l’espace urbain. Alors qu’aucun secteur piéton n’existe en Europe en 1950, il devient impossible d’établir un recensement exhaustif en 1980 tant cet espace s’est imposé dans le paysage urbain européen. Or, la politique des secteurs piétons n’est pas simplement l’expression d’une nostalgie de la ville pré-industrielle : sa radicalité même la place d’emblée dans le champ des interventions modernes sur le tissu urbain. Dans un travail de première délimitation du phénomène, cet article propose une étude des phases de cette mutation.
L’invention d’un territoire de la vieillesse à Paris au XIX e siècle
Authors: Rossigneux-Méheust Mathilde 
Published: November 2015

Sous le Second Empire, tous les établissements publics réservés à l’accueil des vieux Parisiens quittent le centre de Paris pour s’installer en périphérie, à l’exception de l’hospice de la Salpêtrière. Cet article interroge la façon dont s’opère et s’explique, matériellement et idéologiquement, la mise à l’écart et la mise en ordre de ces cités de vieillards. Ces déménagements s’inscrivent dans les politiques urbaines du Second Empire mais reflètent également une évolution des normes de confort pour la vieillesse. Au moment où les vieillards sont exilés loin de Paris au nom du calme et du repos, les hospices, qui sont parfois d’immenses cités de vieillards, deviennent des lieux de commerce, de divertissement et d’associations entre vieux. Ces déménagements amorcent aussi une dynamique durable : celle de la totalisation des maisons de retraite, prenant en charge tous les aspects de la vie des individus qui y vivent. Le double mouvement d’éloignement des hospices et de spécialisation de l’offre d’assistance contribue à la formation d’une conscience de classe d’âge soucieuse de mettre en avant les besoins spécifiques d’un nouveau groupe social forgé à la faveur d’une expérience assistancielle, la vie d’hospice.
Police des signes, ordre et désordre urbains en temps de crise (1814-1816)
Authors: Fureix Emmanuel 
Published: November 2015

La discontinuité du temps vécu, de la chute de l’Empire à la Deuxième Restauration, se traduit avec une acuité particulière dans les luttes de signes et de symboles, qui disent les basculements de souveraineté vécus ou espérés. Avant l’âge de la statuomanie, ces signes visuels (drapeaux, cocardes, bustes, etc.) se font plus discrets, moins spectaculaires, mais aussi plus disséminés. Dans un moment postrévolutionnaire où les opinions s’expriment autant par des signes que par des mots, leur place est décisive dans la maîtrise de l’ordre urbain. L’article se propose d’étudier cette « police des signes » dans les villes de France, entre 1814 et 1816. Cette dernière constitue un observatoire pertinent de l’ordre et du désordre urbains en temps de crise, du contrôle des identités politiques visibles, des formes de résistance à l’ordre, et d’appropriations de souveraineté en acte.
Mariages paléo-babyloniens typiques et atypiques
Authors: Lion Brigitte 
Published: November 2015

Le mariage à l’époque paléo-babylonienne (début du IIe millénaire av. J.-C.) a fait l’objet, depuis plus d’un siècle, de nombreuses études, menées à partir des lois et des documents de la pratique. Or les lois envisagent surtout les cas complexes et les contrats, relativement rares, documentent souvent les situations qui s’écartent des règles habituelles, comme les mariages bigames, ou ceux qu’accompagne une adoption. Pour cette raison, le mariage «  ordinaire  » semble difficile à saisir pour l’historien. En outre, les coutumes ont pu varier selon les lieux  : celles du nord de la plaine mésopotamienne (la région de Babylone) semblent avoir différé de celles du sud (l’ancien pays de Sumer).
Les mariages dits «  germaniques  »  : entre anthropologie, idéologie et histoire
Authors: Joye Sylvie 
Published: November 2015

Les études consacrées au mariage chez les peuples barbares d’Occident, encore dits «  germaniques  », ont été particulièrement marquées par les théories évolutionnistes qui identifiaient différentes formes de mariage chez les peuples primitifs. Un catalogue de mariages est reconstitué à la fin du xixe siècle  : Muntehe, Friedelehe, Raubehe sont les principaux types de mariage définis alors. Ces constructions sont aussi l’expression des efforts fournis alors pour définir une identité germanique. L’attachement à la liberté qui serait caractéristique de ces peuples se retrouverait notamment dans la liberté exprimée par la femme dans la Friedelehe. L’aspect artificiel de cette reconstruction a bien été mis en lumière dans les années 1990.