bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to eliminate error induced by cell to node projections
Authors: Li Peichao , Zhang Lingbo , Li Peilun 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn engineering practices, different numerical methods for fluid flow simulation and solid deformation/stress simulation are adopted to model fluid–structure interaction problems in porous media. Cell‐centered finite volume method is widely used in fluid flow simulation, while the solid deformation/stress simulation is usually accomplished by using the Galerkin vertex‐centered finite element method, which leads to the incompatibility between cell variables with nodal variables. Therefore, the data transfer between cell variables and nodal variables is inevitable. Consequently, this kind of transfer will lead to extra artificial error. Hence, the major concern is how to minimize the error due to cell to node projections. In this paper, a problem of pore pressure diffusion within a one‐dimensional heterogeneous porous medium is investigated. We present a new projection scheme and corresponding error formula, where the error control factor is introduced. The new projection scheme is based on piecewise linear interpolations. Results demonstrate that if the error control factor is chosen properly, the error due to the projection from cell to node can be controlled effectively, and the most desired zero error can be achieved. Finally, we analyze some practical cases in consideration of permeability contrast and mesh uniformity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of the Heptasaccharide Repeating Unit of the Cell Wall O‐Polysaccharide of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O139
Authors: Ghosh Tamashree , Misra Anup Kumar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) like the O139 strain are mostly responsible for traveler's diarrhea and causes diseases in pigs, cattle, and poultry. A convenient synthetic strategy was developed for the synthesis of the heptasaccharide repeating unit of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of the E. coli O139 strain. The p‐methoxybenzyl (PMB) group was used as a temporary protecting group which was removed in situ under the glycosylation conditions by changing the reaction temperature during the synthesis of the target compound. All glycosylation steps gave high yields with good stereoselectivity. A (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO)‐mediated selective oxidation of the primary hydroxyl group was carried out using a biphasic reaction condition at the late stage of the synthesis. Such synthetic oligosaccharides could later be effectively conjugated with proteins to prepare glycoconjugate derivatives as vaccine candidates.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Central America: A Report From the Central American Association of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (AHOPCA)
Authors: Ceppi Francesco , Ortiz Roberta , Antillón Federico , Vasquez Roberto , Gomez Wendy , Gamboa Jessica , Garrido Claudia , Chantada Guillermo , Peña Armando , Gupta Sumit 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundAlthough anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is curable in high‐income countries (HIC), data from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) are lacking. We therefore conducted a retrospective study of the Central American Association of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (AHOPCA) experience in treating ALCL.ProcedureWe included all patients age <18 years newly diagnosed with ALCL treated between 2000 and 2013 in seven AHOPCA institutions. Retrospective data were extracted from the Pediatric Oncology Network Database.ResultsThirty‐one patients met inclusion criteria. Twenty‐five (81%) had advanced disease (stages III and IV), six (19%) were treated on the APO (doxorubicin, prednisone, vincristine) regimen, 15 (49%) on multi‐agent chemotherapy designed for T‐cell lineage malignancies (GuatALCL protocol), and 10 (32%) on BFM‐based treatment regimens. Five‐year overall event‐free survival and overall survival were, respectively, 67.1 ± 8.6% and 66.7 ± 8.7%. All 10 events occurred in patients treated on BFM‐based treatment regimens or the GuatALCL protocol, none on APO treatment: two patients experienced relapse, six treatment related mortality (TRM), and two abandonment.ConclusionsTreatment of ALCL in countries with limited resources is feasible with similar outcomes as in HIC, though the causes of treatment failure differ. Less intensive regimens may be preferable in order to decrease TRM and improve outcomes. Prospective clinical trials determining the ideal treatment for LMIC children with ALCL are necessary. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal limb soft tissue assessment for prediction of birth weight and umbilical cord blood analytes in gestational diabetes
Authors: Garcia‐Flores Jose , Cruceyra Mireia , Cañamares Marina , Garicano Ainhoa , Nieto Olga , Lopez Ana , Dorronsoro Izaskun , Tamarit Ines , Sainz De La Cuesta Ricardo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the value of third trimester ultrasound (estimated fetal weight, cheek‐to‐cheek diameter, sectional Wharton's jelly area, sectional areas and fractional volumes in extremities) to predict birth weight and cord biochemical markers at birth (leptin, insulin, c‐peptide, IGF1, erythropoietin and ferritin) in diabetic pregnancies.MethodProspective study in 49 patients with gestational diabetes. An ultrasound was performed between 32 and 34 weeks. Clinical data were collected, and a blood sample was obtained from cord after birth. ROC curve models were evaluated for 75th and 90th birth weight percentile. Univariate and multivariate models were used to assess the association between ultrasound and neonatal outcomes.ResultsSectional areas and fractional volumes showed significant differences and highest AUC values for predicting birth weight. A significant association was found for extremities measurements with total birth weight and its percentile. The only marker which showed a significant association to estimated fetal weight was erythropoietin. Sectional areas and fractional volumes related to cord leptin, erythropoietin, insulin and c‐peptide.ConclusionSectional areas and fractional volumes improve the predictive value of estimated fetal weight in diabetic pregnancies. They also show a predictive association to biochemical changes in cord (leptin, insulin and erythropoietin) related to increased adiposity and risk of fetal hypoxia. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge transport properties of MDMO PPV thin films cast in different solvents
Authors: Raj Mohan S. , Joshi M. P. , Shalu C. , Ghosh C. , Mukharjee C. , Kukreja L. M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCharge transport properties in thin films of Poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (MDMO PPV) cast using either chloroform (CF), toluene (TOL), or chlorobenzene (CB) as solvent were investigated. Hole mobility (μ) in these thin films measured using time‐of‐flight transient photoconductivity showed an increasing trend with respect to the solvent used in the same order, that is, μCF (2.4 × 10−7 cm2/Vs) < μTOL (6.9 × 10−7 cm2/Vs) < μCB (2.3 × 10−6 cm2/Vs). Observed variations in mobilities were attributed to different morphologies of MDMO PPV chains in thin films cast using the aforesaid solvents. Nature of the interchain interactions and aggregate formation were obtained using photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectroscopy, and AFM studies. Ratio of PL peak intensities of 0–0 and 0–1 transitions, which is a direct measure of interchain interaction, was the highest in CB and lowest in CF. Variation in the relative intensities of out‐of‐plane wagging of vinylene group (∼963 cm−1 mode) in Raman spectra suggested different extent of coiling of polymer chains in these thin films. From these observations, it was elicited that aggregate size and interchain interactions are highest in CB and least in CF. AFM‐based topographic images of thin films further supported these variations in the size of aggregates. Variation in the aggregate sizes and interchain interactions explained the corresponding variation in the mobility. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1431–1439
Comparison of the Effects of Testosterone Gels, Injections, and Pellets on Serum Hormones, Erythrocytosis, Lipids, and Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: Pastuszak Alexander W. , Gomez Lissette P. , Scovell Jason M. , Khera Mohit , Lamb Dolores J. , Lipshultz Larry I. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Numerous testosterone (T) formulations are available, each with differing effects on serum parameters.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare the long-term effects of topical, injectable, and implantable pellet T formulations in hypogonadal men.

Methods
Retrospective review of hypogonadal men treated with a single T formulation was performed: 47 men on T gels, 57 on injectable T, and 74 on T pellets were identified. Total T (TT), calculated free T (FT), estradiol (E), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), total cholesterol (Tchol), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were evaluated at baseline and every 3–6 months for 3 years. Serum parameters were compared using a mixed model linear regression for repeated measures.

Main Outcome Measures
Effects of topical, injectable, and pellet T formulations on serum hormone levels, Hgb, Hct, lipid parameters and PSA.

Results
Men in the injectable T group were younger (42.5 ± 12.3 years) than in the gel (54.1 ± 9.8 years) or pellet groups (53.8 ± 13.0 years), and baseline FT, Hgb, and Hct were higher in the injectable T group than in gel or pellet groups. Increases in TT and FT were observed throughout follow-up in all groups. Increases in E were observed at in all T groups and throughout follow-up in injectable and gel groups. No PSA increases were observed. Erythrocytosis (Hct &gt; 50%) was more common with injectable T (66.7%) than with T gels (12.8%) or pellets (35.1%, P &lt; 0.0001). Transient changes in cholesterol, TG, and LDL were observed, and no significant changes were seen in HDL for any group.

Conclusions
All T formulations increase serum T and FT. More significant increases in E occur with injectable T and T gels. Changes in Hgb and Hct are most significant with injectable T, and effects on lipids are variable and inconsistent. Selection of T formulations must account for individual patient preferences and the effects of each formulation.
Developmental regulation of planar cell polarity and hair‐bundle morphogenesis in auditory hair cells: lessons from human and mouse genetics
Authors: Lu Xiaowei , Sipe Conor W. 
Published: August 2015

Hearing loss is the most common and costly sensory defect in humans and genetic causes underlie a significant proportion of affected individuals. In mammals, sound is detected by hair cells (HCs) housed in the cochlea of the inner ear, whose function depends on a highly specialized mechanotransduction organelle, the hair bundle. Understanding the factors that regulate the development and functional maturation of the hair bundle is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of human deafness. Genetic analysis of deafness genes in animal models, together with complementary forward genetic screens and conditional knock‐out mutations in essential genes, have provided great insights into the molecular machinery underpinning hair‐bundle development and function. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of hair‐bundle morphogenesis, with an emphasis on the molecular pathways governing hair‐bundle polarity and orientation. We next discuss the proteins and structural elements important for hair‐cell mechanotransduction as well as hair‐bundle cohesion and maintenance. In addition, developmental signals thought to regulate tonotopic features of HCs are introduced. Finally, novel approaches that complement classic genetics for studying the molecular etiology of human deafness are presented. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:85–101. doi: 10.1002/wdev.202This article is categorized under:

Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
An overview on the exploitation of time in collaborative filtering
Authors: Vinagre João , Jorge Alípio Mário , Gama João 
Published: August 2015

Classic Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithms rely on the assumption that data are static and we usually disregard the temporal effects in natural user‐generated data. These temporal effects include user preference drifts and shifts, seasonal effects, inclusion of new users, and items entering the system—and old ones leaving—user and item activity rate fluctuations and other similar time‐related phenomena. These phenomena continuously change the underlying relations between users and items that recommendation algorithms essentially try to capture. In the past few years, a new generation ofCFalgorithms has emerged, using the time dimension as a key factor to improve recommendation models. In this overview, we present a comprehensive analysis of these algorithms and identify important challenges to be faced in the near future.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2015, 5:195–215. doi: 10.1002/widm.1160This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data MiningApplication Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of tri[(N‐alkyl‐N‐ethyl‐N‐Sodium carboxymethyl)‐2‐Ammonium bromide ethylene] Amines
Authors: Zhou Ming , Luo Gang , Wang Xingwen , Zhang Ze , Wang Gang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTrimeric betaine surfactants tri[(N‐alkyl‐N‐ethyl‐N‐sodium carboxymethyl)‐2‐ammonium bromide ethylene] amines were prepared with raw materials containing tris(2‐aminoethyl) amine, alkyloyl chloride, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium chloroacetate, and bromoethane by alkylation, Hoffman degradation reaction, carboxymethylation and quaternary amination reaction. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. With the increasing length of the carbon chain, the values of their critical micelle concentration initially decreased. Surface active properties of these compounds were superior to general carboxylate surfactants C10H21CHN+(CH3)2COONa. The minimum cross‐sectional area per surfactant molecule (Amin), standard Gibbs free energy adsorption (ΔGads) and standard Gibbs free energy micellization (ΔGmic) are notably influenced by the chain length n, and the trimeric betaine surfactants have greater ability to adsorb at the air/water interface than form micelles in solution. The efficiency of adsorption at the water/air interface (pC20) of these surfactants increased with the increasing length of the alkyl chain. Their foaming properties, wetting ability of a felt chip, and lime‐soap dispersing ability were also investigated.
Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride Structure Influences the Surface Activities of Gelatin Derivatives
Authors: Lin Li‐Huei , Liu Hsin‐Jiant , Chu Hawn‐Chung , Hwang Mou‐Chuan , Chen Keng‐Ming , Tan Ewe‐Chuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, sodium hydroxide was employed to decompose animal gelatin. The gelatin hydrolysate was then reacted with polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, containing a hydrophilic substituent, to produce a series of gelatin derivatives (GD) that featured both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, thereby displaying the behavior of surfactants. The structures of the synthesized surfactants were examined using infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; the basic surface properties, including surface tension, contact angle, emulsifying capacity, and foamability, were also determined. The synthesized GD surfactants had superior surface activities. In addition, the surface activities of the GD. increased upon increasing the length of the hydrophobic unit and the molecular weight. These GD exhibited good foamability and emulsifying capacity, with the GD containing PBMA 320 possessing the greatest surface activity.
Protective Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Palmitic Acid‐Induced Toxicity in Skeletal Muscle Cells is not Mediated by PPARδ Activation
Authors: Tumova Jana , Malisova Lucia , Andel Michal , Trnka Jan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUnsaturated free fatty acids (FFA) are able to prevent deleterious effects of saturated FFA in skeletal muscle cells although the mechanisms involved are still not completely understood. FFA act as endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR), transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether activation of PPARδ, the most common PPAR subtype in skeletal muscle, plays a role in mediating the protective effect of unsaturated FFA on saturated FFA‐induced damage in skeletal muscle cells and to examine an impact on mitochondrial respiration. Mouse C2C12 myotubes were treated for 24 h with different concentrations of saturated FFA (palmitic acid), unsaturated FFA (oleic, linoleic and α‐linolenic acid), and their combinations. PPARδ agonist GW501516 and antagonist GSK0660 were also used. Both mono‐ and polyunsaturated FFA, but not GW501516, prevented palmitic acid‐induced cell death. Mono‐ and polyunsaturated FFA proved to be effective activators of PPARδ compared to saturated palmitic acid; however, in combination with palmitic acid their effect on PPARδ activation was blocked and stayed at the levels observed for palmitic acid alone. Unsaturated FFA at moderate physiological concentrations as well as GW501516, but not palmitic acid, mildly uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. Our results indicate that although unsaturated FFA are effective activators of PPARδ, their protective effect on palmitic acid‐induced toxicity is not mediated by PPARδ activation and subsequent induction of lipid regulatory genes in skeletal muscle cells. Other mechanisms, such as mitochondrial uncoupling, may underlie their effect.
Antioxidant Activity of Hybrid Grape Pomace Extracts Derived from Midwestern Grapes in Bulk Oil and Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Bakota Erica L. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Berhow Mark A. , Palmquist Debra E. , Liu Sean X. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNatural antioxidants to inhibit oxidation in edible oils are in high demand. Grape pomace is an abundant, inexpensive source of polyphenolic antioxidants, which are responsible for numerous health benefits. We examined pomace from eight varieties of Midwestern hybrid grapes for phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Ethanolic extracts produced from the pomace of each grape variety were added to two model systems, bulk soybean oil and oil‐in‐water emulsions, to determine antioxidant activity. Oxidation was monitored in each model system at a temperature appropriate to that particular system. While the extracts had relatively little effect in bulk oil, we observed dose‐dependent antioxidant effects of some extracts in oil‐in‐water emulsions. Oxidation in bulk oils was assessed via total polar compounds and polymerized triacylglycerols. Oxidation in emulsions was assessed by peroxide value, headspace oxygen measurements, gas chromatography of headspace volatiles, and fatty acid analysis. Pomace extracts derived from red grapes generally outperformed those from white grapes, with the Marechal Foch variety showing high antioxidant activity at intermediate concentrations. At higher concentrations, Marechal Foch, Corot Noir, Frontenac, and Norton extracts showed promising antioxidant activity. This is the first report on antioxidant activity in an oil and emulsion setting for many of these grape varieties.
The Effect of Boron Application on Chemical Characterization and Volatile Compounds of Virgin Olive Oil of Ayvalik Olive Cultivar
Authors: Toker Cem , Yavuz Namik 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, the Ayvalik olive variety, an important and widely grown olive variety in Turkey, was chosen. A month prior to blooming and 2 months prior to harvesting in 2011 and 2012, three different concentrations of boron (100, 150 and 250 ppm) were applied to the olive leaves with or without boron deficiencies. After the application, quality criteria, fatty acid composition, total phenol contents and major volatile compounds of olive oil that was obtained from the harvested olives were investigated. Boron application to the olive trees with boron deficiencies has improved both the amount and the olive oil quality. Experimental results show the significance of boron for olive farming. Application of boron in 150 ppm led to a better olive oil quality by improving fatty acid composition [oleic acid (76.03 %), linoleic acid (9.68 %), linolenic acid (0.56 %), monounsaturated fatty acid (77.24 %)], total phenol content (422.94 ppm) and major volatile compounds [E‐2‐hexenal (43.12 ppm), hexanal (3.02 ppm), Z‐3‐hexenol (1.13 ppm)] in both harvest seasons (2011–2012) and in both olive orchards with or without boron deficiencies.
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Dutch and Belgian Adolescents: Personality, Stress and Coping
Authors: Kiekens G. , Bruffaerts R. , Nock M.K. , Van de Ven M. , Witteman C. , Mortier P. , Demyttenaere K. , Claes L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines: (1) the prevalence of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) among Dutch and Belgian adolescents, (2) the associations between Big Five personality traits and NSSI engagement/versatility (i.e., number of NSSI methods), and (3) whether these associations are mediated by perceived stress and coping.MethodsA total of 946 Flemish (46%) and Dutch (54%) non-institutionalized adolescents (Mean age = 15.52; SD = 1.34, 44% females) were surveyed. Measures included the NSSI subscale of the Self-Harm-Inventory, the Dutch Quick Big Five Personality questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Utrecht Coping List for Adolescents. Examination of zero-order correlations was used to reveal associations, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to reveal potential mediators which were further examined within parallel mediation models by using a bootstrapping-corrected procedure.ResultsLifetime prevalence of NSSI was 24.31%. Neuroticism; perceived stress; and distractive, avoidant, depressive, and emotional coping were positively associated with NSSI engagement, whereas Agreeableness, Conscientiousness; and active, social, and optimistic coping were negatively associated with NSSI engagement. Observed relationships between personality traits and NSSI engagement were consistently explained by perceived stress and depressive coping. A higher versatility of NSSI was not associated with any Big Five personality trait, but was associated with higher scores on perceived stress and depressive coping and with lower scores on active and optimistic coping.ConclusionOur study suggests that a specific personality constellation is associated with NSSI engagement via high stress levels and a typical depressive reaction pattern to handle stressful life events.