bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Tibial Tuberosity Medialization and Lateralization on Patellofemoral Joint Kinematics, Contact Mechanics, and Stability
Authors: Stephen Joanna M. , Lumpaopong Punyawan , Dodds Alexander L. , Williams Andy , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: November 2014

Background: Tibial tuberosity (TT) transfer is a common procedure to treat patellofemoral instability in patients with elevated TT–trochlear groove (TG) distances. However, the effects of TT lateralization or medialization on patellar stability, kinematics, and contact mechanics remain unclear. Hypothesis: Progressive medialization and lateralization will have increasingly adverse effects on patellofemoral joint kinematics, contact mechanics, and stability. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were placed on a testing rig, with a fixed femur and tibia mobile through 90° of flexion. Individual quadriceps heads and the iliotibial band were separated and loaded with 205 N in anatomic directions using a weighted pulley system. Patellofemoral contact pressures and patellar tracking were measured at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion using pressure-sensitive film behind the patella and an optical tracking system. The intact knee was measured with and without a 10-N patellar lateral displacement load, and recordings were repeated after TT transfer of 5, 10, and 15 mm medially and laterally. Statistical analysis used repeated-measures analysis of variance, Bonferroni post hoc analysis, and Pearson correlations. Results: Tibial tuberosity lateralization significantly elevated lateral joint contact pressures, increased lateral patellar tracking, and reduced patellar stability ( P < .048). There was a significant correlation between mean lateral contact pressure and the TT position ( r = 0.810, P < .001) at 10°. Tibial tuberosity medialization reduced lateral contact pressures ( P < .002) and did not elevate peak medial contact pressures ( P > .11). Conclusion: Progressive TT lateralization elevated lateral contact pressures, increased lateral patellar tracking, and reduced patellar stability. Medial contact pressure and tracking did alter with progressive TT medialization, but the changes were smaller. Clinical Relevance: Lateral patellofemoral joint contact pressures increased with progressive lateralization of the TT; medialization of the TT reduced these effects, restoring patellar stability, and did not cause excessive peak pressures. These data provide a rationale for medial TT transfer surgery in patients with elevated TT-TG distances.
The Effects of 2 Landing Techniques on Knee Kinematics, Kinetics, and Performance During Stop-Jump and Side-Cutting Tasks
Authors: Dai Boyi , Garrett William E. , Gross Michael T. , Padua Darin A. , Queen Robin M. , Yu Bing 
Published: November 2014

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACL) commonly occur during jump landing and cutting tasks. Attempts to land softly and land with greater knee flexion are associated with decreased ACL loading. However, their effects on performance are unclear. Hypothesis: Attempts to land softly will decrease peak posterior ground-reaction force (PPGRF) and knee extension moment at PPGRF compared with a natural landing during stop-jump and side-cutting tasks. Attempts to land with greater knee flexion at initial ground contact will increase knee flexion at PPGRF compared with a natural landing during both tasks. In addition, both landing techniques will increase stance time and lower extremity mechanical work as well as decrease jump height and movement speed compared with a natural landing during both tasks. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 18 male and 18 female recreational athletes participated in the study. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected during stop-jump and side-cutting tasks under 3 conditions: natural landing, soft landing, and landing with greater knee flexion at initial ground contact. Results: Attempts to land softly decreased PPGRF and knee extension moment at PPGRF compared with a natural landing during stop-jump tasks. Attempts to land softly decreased PPGRF compared with a natural landing during side-cutting tasks. Attempts to land with greater knee flexion at initial ground contact increased knee flexion angle at PPGRF compared with a natural landing during both stop-jump and side-cutting tasks. Attempts to land softly and land with greater knee flexion at initial ground contact increased stance time and lower extremity mechanical work, as well as decreased jump height and movement speed during both stop-jump and side-cutting tasks. Conclusion: Although landing softly and landing with greater knee flexion at initial ground contact may reduce ACL loading during stop-jump and side-cutting tasks, the performance of these tasks decreased, as indicated by increased stance time and mechanical work as well as decreased jump height and movement speed. Clinical Relevance: Training effects tested in laboratory environments with the focus on reducing ACL loading may be reduced in actual competition environments when the focus is on athlete performance. The effects of training programs for ACL injury prevention on lower extremity biomechanics in athletic tasks may need to be evaluated in laboratories as well as in actual competitions.
Does External Rotation Bracing for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Actually Result in Reduction of the Labrum?
Authors: Jordan Robert W. , Saithna Adnan , Old Jason , MacDonald Peter 
Published: November 2014

Background: External rotation (ER) bracing has been shown to improve labral reduction in cadaveric studies, but this has not translated to universal improvement in re-dislocation rates in clinical series. Purpose: To systematically review and critically appraise the literature that investigates how well the labrum is actually reduced by ER in patients who have had an anterior shoulder dislocation. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature using the online databases Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register. Studies were included if they reported on the difference in labral reduction after ER and internal rotation bracing in patients who had a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. Results: Of the 6 studies included, 5 assessed labral reduction on magnetic resonance imaging and 1 arthroscopically. Each study reported an overall improvement in labral reduction with ER, but anatomic reduction was not commonly achieved. This was despite the use of extreme positions that are unlikely to be well tolerated. Conclusion: External rotation results in anatomic reduction of the labrum in only 35% of cases. We postulate that failure to reduce the labrum may be a contraindication to ER bracing and propose further study to determine whether acute MRI could be used to help identify patients in whom ER achieves labral reduction in a comfortable position. This approach also has the advantage of avoiding the significant inconvenience of ER bracing in those in whom the labrum does not reduce and are therefore theoretically less likely to benefit. However, it is a novel strategy with significant resource implications and therefore warrants further study.
The ethical dimension of nursing care rationing
Authors: Vryonides Stavros , Papastavrou Evridiki , Charalambous Andreas , Andreou Panayiota , Merkouris Anastasios 
Published: November 2014

Background: In the face of scarcity, nurses may inevitably delay or omit some nursing interventions and give priority to others. This increases the risk of adverse patient outcomes and threatens safety, quality, and dignity in care. However, it is not clear if there is an ethical element in nursing care rationing and how nurses experience the phenomenon in its ethical perspective. Objectives: The purpose was to synthesize studies that relate care rationing with the ethical perspectives of nursing, and find the deeper, moral meaning of this phenomenon. Research design: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies was used. Searching was based on guidelines suggested by Joana Brigs Institute, while the synthesis has drawn from the methodology described. Primary studies were sought from nine electronic databases and manual searches. The explicitness of reporting was assed using consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Nine studies involving 167 nurse participants were included. Synthesis resulted in 35 preliminary themes, 14 descriptive themes, and four analytical themes (professional challenges and moral dilemmas, dominating considerations, perception of a moral role, and experiences of the ethical effects of rationing). Discussion of relationships between themes revealed a new thematic framework. Ethical consideration: Every effort has been taken, for the thoroughness in searching and retrieving the primary studies of this synthesis, and in order for them to be treated accurately, fairly and honestly and without intentional misinterpretations of their findings. Discussion: Within limitations of scarcity, nurses face moral challenges and their decisions may jeopardize professional values, leading to role conflict, feelings of guilt, distress and difficulty in fulfilling a morally acceptable role. However, more research is needed to support certain relationships. Conclusions: Related literature is limited. The few studies found highlighted the essence of justice, equality in care and in values when prioritizing care—with little support to the ethical effects of rationing on nurses. Further research on ethical dimension of care rationing may illuminate other important aspects of this phenomenon.
A Structured Approach to End-of-Life Decision Making Improves Quality of Care for Patients With Terminal Illness in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Edwin Ama Kyerewaa , Johnson McGee Summer , Opare-Lokko Edwina Addo , Gyakobo Mawuli Kotope 
Published: November 2014

Purpose: To determine whether a structured approach to end-of-life decision-making directed by a compassionate interdisciplinary team would improve the quality of care for patients with terminal illness in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Findings: A retrospective analysis was done for 20 patients who consented to participate in the structured approach to end-of-life decision-making. Twenty patients whose care did not follow the structured approach were selected as controls. Outcome measures were nociceptive pain control, completing relationships, and emotional response towards dying. These measures were statistically superior in the study group compared to the control group. Conclusions: A structured approach to end-of-life decision-making significantly improves the quality of care for patients with terminal illness in the domains of pain control, completing relationships and emotional responses towards dying.
Trends in the Use of Volunteers in US Hospices
Authors: Apenteng Bettye A. , Linder Daniel F. , Opoku Samuel T. , Lawrence Raymona H. , Upchurch Linda A. L. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose: Using a longitudinal sample of freestanding Medicare-certified hospices in the 50 US states and the District of Columbia, this study sought to explore the factors associated with volunteer demand and describe how volunteer use has changed from 2000 to 2010. Results: A temporal decline in the extent of use of volunteers in freestanding hospices was observed over the study period. Findings indicated that both organizational and environmental factors influence the use of volunteers in US freestanding hospices. Conclusion: Given the importance of volunteers, both in the preservation of hospices’ philanthropic traditions and in reducing health care expenditure at the end of life, research is needed to further evaluate the factors associated with this decline. Emphasis should be placed on improving the retention of the existing hospice volunteer workforce.
Ultrasound-Guided Alcohol Injection for Morton’s Neuroma
Authors: Pasquali Cecilia , Vulcano Ettore , Novario Raffaele , Varotto Davide , Montoli Carlo , Volpe Antonio 
Published: November 2014

Background: Ultrasonography-guided alcohol injection (USGAI) of Morton’s neuroma represents an alternative to operative treatment. Nonetheless, the literature only reports few small studies evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment. The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the effectiveness of USGAI to treat Morton’s neuroma in 508 patients at 2 medical centers. Methods: Between January 2001 and January 2012, 508 patients with 540 Morton’s neuroma had USGAI for Morton’s neuroma. Only second and third web-space neuromas were included in this study. Results: A mean number of 3.0 (range, 1 to 4) injections were performed for each neuroma. Mean local inflammatory reaction was 0.7 (range, 0 to 2). There were no other local or systemic complications. The overall mean pre-USGAI VAS score was 8.7 (range, 6 to 10), while the post-USGAI VAS score at 1 year was 3.6 (range, 0 to 9). The delta VAS between the pre- and post-USGAI was statistically significant ( P < .0001). At 1-year follow-up 74.5% of patients were satisfied with the procedure. Conclusion: USGAI produced encouraging results in over 500 patients affected by Morton’s neuroma. The procedure proved to be safe in all patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Analysis of PITFL Injuries in Rotationally Unstable Ankle Fractures
Authors: Warner Stephen J. , Garner Matthew R. , Schottel Patrick C. , Hinds Richard M. , Loftus Michael L. , Lorich Dean G. 
Published: November 2014

Background: Reduction and stabilization of the syndesmosis in unstable ankle fractures is important for ankle mortise congruity and restoration of normal tibiotalar contact forces. Of the syndesmotic ligaments, the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) provides the most strength for maintaining syndesmotic stability, and previous work has demonstrated the significance of restoring PITFL function when it remains attached to a posterior malleolus fracture fragment. However, little is known regarding the nature of a PITFL injury in the absence of a posterior malleolus fracture. The goal of this study was to describe the PITFL injury pattern based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intraoperative observation. Methods: A prospective database of all operatively treated ankle fractures by a single surgeon was used to identify all supination-external rotation (SER) types III and IV ankle fracture patients with complete preoperative orthogonal ankle radiographs and MRI. All patients with a posterior malleolus fracture were excluded. Using a combination of preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings, we analyzed the nature of injuries to the PITFL. In total, 185 SER III and IV operatively treated ankle fractures with complete imaging were initially identified. Results: Analysis of the preoperative imaging and operative reports revealed 34% (63/185) had a posterior malleolus fracture and were excluded. From the remaining 122 ankle fractures, the PITFL was delaminated from the posterior malleolus in 97% (119/122) of cases. A smaller proportion (3%; 3/122) had an intrasubstance PITFL rupture. Conclusions: Accurate and stable syndesmotic reduction is a significant component of restoring the ankle mortise after unstable ankle fractures. In our large cohort of rotationally unstable ankle fractures without posterior malleolus fractures, we found that most PITFL injuries occur as a delamination off the posterior malleolus. This predictable PITFL injury pattern may be used to guide new methods for stabilizing the syndesmosis in these patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Use of Diabetes Data Management Software Reports by Health Care Providers, Patients With Diabetes, and Caregivers Improves Accuracy and Efficiency of Data Analysis and Interpretation Compared With Traditional Logbook Data
Authors: Hinnen Deborah A. , Buskirk Ann , Lyden Maureen , Amstutz Linda , Hunter Tracy , Parkin Christopher G. , Wagner Robin 
Published: November 2014

Background: We assessed users’ proficiency and efficiency in identifying and interpreting self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG), insulin, and carbohydrate intake data using data management software reports compared with standard logbooks. Method: This prospective, self-controlled, randomized study enrolled insulin-treated patients with diabetes (PWDs) (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII] and multiple daily insulin injection [MDI] therapy), patient caregivers [CGVs]) and health care providers (HCPs) who were naïve to diabetes data management computer software. Six paired clinical cases (3 CSII, 3 MDI) and associated multiple-choice questions/answers were reviewed by diabetes specialists and presented to participants via a web portal in both software report (SR) and traditional logbook (TL) formats. Participant response time and accuracy were documented and assessed. Participants completed a preference questionnaire at study completion. Results: All participants (54 PWDs, 24 CGVs, 33 HCPs) completed the cases. Participants achieved greater accuracy (assessed by percentage of accurate answers) using the SR versus TL formats: PWDs, 80.3 (13.2)% versus 63.7 (15.0)%, P < .0001; CGVs, 84.6 (8.9)% versus 63.6 (14.4)%, P < .0001; HCPs, 89.5 (8.0)% versus 66.4 (12.3)%, P < .0001. Participants spent less time (minutes) with each case using the SR versus TL formats: PWDs, 8.6 (4.3) versus 19.9 (12.2), P < .0001; CGVs, 7.0 (3.5) versus 15.5 (11.8), P = .0005; HCPs, 6.7 (2.9) versus 16.0 (12.0), P < .0001. The majority of participants preferred using the software reports versus logbook data. Conclusions: Use of the Accu-Chek Connect Online software reports enabled PWDs, CGVs, and HCPs, naïve to diabetes data management software, to identify and utilize key diabetes information with significantly greater accuracy and efficiency compared with traditional logbook information. Use of SRs was preferred over logbooks.
Bacterial infections in childhood: A risk factor for gastrointestinal and other diseases?
Authors: Schwille-Kiuntke Juliane , Unverdorben Alexandra , Weimer Katja , Schlarb Angelika Anita , Gulewitsch Marco Daniel , Ellert Ute , Enck Paul 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThere is evidence for post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) in adults, but little is known about PI‐IBS in children. The nationwide representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) assessed children's health.Objective and methodsWe identified 643 children (50.1% males) in the KiGGS cohort (N  = 15,878, 51% males) with a history of Salmonella infection. The number was validated comparing this group with the known infection statistics from the Robert Koch‐Institute registry. We compared this group to the remaining KiGGS cohort (n  = 12,951) with respect to sociodemographic characteristics, pain and quality of life. To check for specificity, we repeated the comparisons with a group with a history of scarlet fever.ResultsInfection statistics predicted 504 cases of Salmonella infection in the KiGGS cohort, indicating high validity of the data. In children between 3 and 10 years with a history of Salmonella infection, significantly more abdominal pain (31.7% versus 21.9%, p  < 0.001) and headache (27.2% versus 15.1%, p  < 0.001) were reported. This group showed lower quality of life (p  < 0.001). Comparison to a group of scarlet fever‐infected children revealed poor specificity of the data.ConclusionDifferences found between children with and without Salmonella infection reveal the role of gastrointestinal infection in the development of post‐infectious abdominal problems, but poor specificity may point toward a psychosocial (“somatization”) rather than a Salmonella ‐specific mechanism.
Extragradient method for convex minimization problem
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Liou Yeong-Cheng , Wen Ching-Feng 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and analyze a multi-step hybrid extragradient algorithm by combining Korpelevich’s extragradient method, the viscosity approximation method, the hybrid steepest-descent method, Mann’s iteration method and the gradient-projection method (GPM) with regularization in the setting of infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. It is proven that, under appropriate assumptions, the proposed algorithm converges strongly to a solution of the convex minimization problem (CMP) with constraints of several problems: finitely many generalized mixed equilibrium problems (GMEPs), finitely many variational inclusions, and the fixed point problem of a strictly pseudocontractive mapping. In the meantime, we also prove the strong convergence of the proposed algorithm to the unique solution of a hierarchical variational inequality problem (over the fixed point set of a strictly pseudocontractive mapping) with constraints of finitely many GMEPs, finitely many variational inclusions and the CMP. The results presented in this paper improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others.

MSC:49J30, 47H09, 47J20, 49M05.
Stakeholders’ perceptions of transferability criteria for health promotion interventions: a case study
Authors: Trompette Justine , Kivits Joëlle , Minary Laetitia , Cambon Linda , Alla François 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
The effects of health promotion interventions are the result not only of the interventions themselves, but also of the contexts in which they unfold. The objective of this study was to analyze, through stakeholders’ discourse, the characteristics of an intervention that can influence its outcomes.

Methods
This case study was based on semi-structured interviews with health promotion stakeholders involved in a regional program (PRALIMAP). General hypotheses on transferability and on how the intervention is presumed to produce its effects were used to construct an interview guide. Interviews were analyzed using thematic coding.

Results
Twenty-three stakeholders were interviewed. Results showed stakeholders made few references to population and environment characteristics. Three themes emerged as significant for the stakeholders: implementation modalities and methodology, modalities used to mobilize actors; and transferability-promoting factors and barriers.

Conclusion
Our work contributes to a better understanding not only of transferability factors, but also of stakeholders’ perceptions of them, which are just as important, because those perceptions themselves are a factor in mobilization of actors, implementation, and transferability.
Hyperosmolar sodium-lactate in the ICU: vascular filling and cellular feeding
Authors: Fontaine Eric , Orban Jean-Christophe , Ichai Carole 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHyperosmolar lactate-based solutions have been used for fluid resuscitation in ICU patients. The positive effects observed with these fluids have been attributed to both lactate metabolism and the hypertonic nature of the solutions. In a recent issue of Critical Care, Duburcq and colleagues studied three types of fluid infused at the same volume in a porcine model of endotoxic shock. The control group was resuscitated with 0.9% NaCl, and the two other groups received either hypertonic sodium-lactate or hypertonic sodium-bicarbonate. The two hypertonic fluids proved to be more effective than 0.9% NaCl for resuscitation in this model. However, some parameters were more effectively corrected by hypertonic sodium-lactate than by hypertonic sodium-bicarbonate, suggesting that lactate metabolism was beneficial in these cases.