bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In the eyes of Janus
Authors: Kaše Robert , Paauwe Jaap , Batistič Saša 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to offer a perspective on the future of the human resource management (HRM)-performance debate and its prospects for interaction with practice by evaluating the debate's intellectual structure.Design/methodology/approach– With co-citation analysis the paper examines the intellectual structure that informed the HRM-performance debate. The findings were presented to a group of academics, who have been influential in the development of the debate. In several rounds of a quasi-Delphi interaction they discussed the state of the art, future development of the debate, upcoming theoretical sources of inspiration and topics on which they (dis)agreed.Findings– The dominant knowledge domain is built upon resource-based view, social exchange theory, human capital theory, institutional theory and critical perspective. It became well established in the mid 1990s, when the strategic HRM domain merged with the high performance work systems domain, thus forming the conceptual backbone of the debate. More recently the debate has been informed by review studies, meta-analyses and critical reflections on the current methodological paradigms, which is aligned with the debate's life cycle stage.Originality/value– The paper highlights the theoretical foundations of the HRM-performance debate and gives valuable suggestions on how to take the field forward along with important implications for researchers and their relationship with the business community.
Keeping ahead of the curve
Authors: Corcoran Maura , McGuinness Claire 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to present the results of a qualitative study of the continuing professional development (CPD) activities of academic librarians in Ireland. The benefits of CPD, the methods and strategies of engagement, and the role played by professional organisations are examined, with particular emphasis on the attitudes of librarians towards CPD.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 25 academic librarians were interviewed in depth from four universities in the greater Dublin region. A qualitative approach was chosen to allow the collection of data which was rich and informative.

Findings
– Academic librarians engage in CPD in multiple ways, both formal and informal, but it falls primarily to the individual librarian to find, participate in, or even create such opportunities, which raises the question of personal motivation and drive. Support from employers and professional organisations is key. Barriers to participation in CPD include time, financial restraints and lack of encouragement from employers.

Research limitations/implications
– The authors are cognisant of the inherent limitations in using interviews as a data collection method, including the possibility of bias.

Practical implications
– Academic librarians need to exploit innovative and accessible modes of CPD if they wish to navigate the changes occurring within the profession. Professional library organisations must also reinforce their support of their members in this endeavour. Incentives to participate should build on librarians' personal motivation and job satisfaction, likelihood of career progression, and deepening working relationships with non-LIS colleagues.

Originality/value
– To date there has been no comprehensive Irish study which has addressed the question of how academic librarians engage with the professional body of knowledge through pursuing professional development activities. This research seeks to present an Irish perspective, but also explores issues which are globally applicable within the profession.
Collection development practices in private university libraries in Malawi
Authors: Harvey Chaputula Aubrey 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this research was to study collection development practices in some selected private university libraries in Malawi with special focus on University of Livingstonia and Adventist University Libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research employed a case study approach that made use of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected using interview guides and coding schedules. Interviews were conducted with university librarians of the two institutions. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to the Finance Officers and University Librarians of the institutions covered by the study to collect financial statistics and data relating to collection development. Qualitative data were analysed thematically while quantitative data were analysed using Ms Excel.

Findings
– Findings of the study indicated that private university libraries in this study are funded mainly by parent institutions. Funding is not adequate as is the case with public university libraries in the country. This had adversely affected collection development practices that include purchase of materials and staff training. The two institutions, however, differed in terms of the other collection development activities they undertook, and magnitude of the challenges they faced, something that was attributed to slight difference in terms of funding they got from parent institutions.

Practical implications
– The study sheds light on the collection development practices of University of Livingstonia Library and Adventist University Library, and challenges facing them. Some of these findings mirror those of other libraries not only in this sector, but also public university libraries in the country. Suggestions on how the collection development challenges facing the two libraries could be tackled have been made. It is hoped that the suggestions made could benefit other libraries who find themselves in a similar situation, if implemented. The study findings could also inform future researchers venturing in the same field.

Originality/value
– Very little is known about the collection development practices of private university libraries not only in Malawi but the world at large owing to lack of significant research undertaken on the topic. This study is, therefore, significant because its findings fill up the existing knowledge gap. If acted on, recommendations made could also help solve some of the challenges that are being faced.
Commentary on “Evaluation of the impact of supervisory support on staff experiences of training”
Authors: Bradshaw Jill 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the findings from Koski et al.'s (2014) research around training staff to communicate effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
– This commentary reflects on the needs of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). It uses the Five Good Communication Standards (Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, 2013) as a framework for thinking about good communication.

Findings
– Ongoing support is certainly important in enabling staff to develop and maintain good communication partnerships with the people they are working with. This first requires agreement from all involved regarding what good communication partnerships look like and how they can be measured.

Originality/value
– This paper focuses on the Five Good Communication Standards and how these might be interpreted with people with PIMD. It uses information from Goldbart and Caton's (2010) review of communication and people with the most complex needs to reflect on what is known from research and practice about each of these five standards. It concludes that more research is needed and greater implementation is needed where evidence is strong. We need to know what “good” could look like with people with PIMD so services support staff can then be facilitated to build successful communication partnerships and maintain these over time.
Trends in age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy of people with learning disabilities in Sheffield over a 33-year period
Authors: Emerson Eric , Glover Gyles , Hatton Chris , Wolstenholme John 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to describe trends in the age-standardised mortality rate and life expectancy of people with learning disabilities in Sheffield over three decades and to compare these with trends in the general population of England and Wales.Design/methodology/approach– Data were extracted from the Sheffield Case Register and compared with data published by the Office for National Statistics for England and Wales.Findings– There was a sustained reduction in age-standardised mortality rates and a sustained increase in life expectancy for people with intellectual disabilities over the 33-year period. These changes are extremely similar to those observed in the general population of England and Wales.Originality/value– There is little evidence of any closing of the gap in age-standardised mortality rates or life expectancy between people with intellectual disabilities and the general population.
A design for life? Commentary on “Designing living environments with adults with autism”
Authors: Osgood Tony 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this commentary is to reflect upon not only the importance of design processes as set out in “Designing living environments with adults with autism” but to call for the benefits of good design to be applied to staff functioning.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is a commentary on a piece of research.

Findings
– As much consideration for the design of approaches to maintain helpful staff behaviour must be provided by those creating services as is given to the physical setting.

Originality/value
– The unique approach this paper presents is acknowledged as probably not universally applicable; what is replicable is bringing creative methods of design to bear in the task of delivering what for so long our rhetoric has called for.
Commentary on “Overcoming challenges in diagnosing and treating cancers in people with intellectual disability: a case analysis”
Authors: Foster Julie , Marks Bob 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this commentary is to reflect on the implications for practice and lessons that can be drawn from the case study presented.Design/methodology/approach– The commentary is based on a review of the case study and tools available to support practice.Findings– The case study highlights weaknesses in the way that access to healthcare is currently facilitated for people with learning disabilities.Originality/value– The commentary explores the lessons to be drawn from the case study in the wider context of health facilitation.
Serious games: leverage for knowledge management
Authors: Bayart Caroline , Bertezene Sandra , Vallat David , Martin Jacques 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the use of “serious games” with students can improve their knowledge acquisition and their academic performance.Design/methodology/approach– The research is an exploratory investigation resorting to the use of a serious game to evaluate the evolution of the students’ competencies in project management, through questionnaires processed using a structural “learning model.”Findings– This research shows indeed that the use of “serious games” improves the knowledge acquisition and management competencies of the students with the evidencing of significant factors contributing to this improvement.Practical implications– The findings of this research show that serious games can be an effective tool to be used in teaching students particularly as traditional methods are less and less accepted by today's students.Originality/value– Although the use of games is not something new in education, it is still limited in teaching practices in higher education. This experiment can help lecturers and trainers to resort to them in their pedagogy and to conceive them according to variables that can enhance their effectiveness.
Let's go beyond taxonomy in diet description: testing a trait‐based approach to prey–predator relationships
Authors: Spitz Jérôme , Ridoux Vincent , Brind'Amour Anik 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Understanding ‘Why a prey is a prey for a given predator?’ can be facilitated through trait‐based approaches that identify linkages between prey and predator morphological and ecological characteristics and highlight key functions involved in prey selection.

Enhanced understanding of the functional relationships between predators and their prey is now essential to go beyond the traditional taxonomic framework of dietary studies and to improve our knowledge of ecosystem functioning for wildlife conservation and management.

We test the relevance of a three‐matrix approach in foraging ecology among a marine mammal community in the northeast Atlantic to identify the key functional traits shaping prey selection processes regardless of the taxonomy of both the predators and prey.

Our study reveals that prey found in the diet of marine mammals possess functional traits which are directly and significantly linked to predator characteristics, allowing the establishment of a functional typology of marine mammal–prey relationships. We found prey selection of marine mammals was primarily shaped by physiological and morphological traits of both predators and prey, confirming that energetic costs of foraging strategies and muscular performance are major drivers of prey selection in marine mammals.

We demonstrate that trait‐based approaches can provide a new definition of the resource needs of predators. This framework can be used to anticipate bottom‐up effects on marine predator population dynamics and to identify predators which are sensitive to the loss of key prey functional traits when prey availability is reduced.
Above‐ground herbivory by red milkweed beetles facilitates above‐ and below‐ground conspecific insects and reduces fruit production in common milkweed
Authors: Erwin Alexis C. , Züst Tobias , Ali Jared G. , Agrawal Anurag A. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Initial herbivory and induced plant responses can influence subsequent above‐ and below‐ground herbivore attack. When two life stages of the same herbivore damage different plant parts sequentially, there is strong potential for plants to respond with induced plant defence against the later attacker. Alternatively, the earlier attacker could manipulate the host plant to facilitate the later‐feeding life stage.

We studied herbivory by foliage‐feeding adults and root‐feeding larvae of the red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus) on native common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in laboratory and field experiments. We applied factorial above‐ and below‐ground herbivory treatments to test for induced responses, effects on later‐feeding conspecific larvae, and damage by naturally colonizing herbivores, including adult T. tetraophthalmus.

We found that the inducibility of toxic cardenolides was systemic across the root–shoot barrier, with the highest concentrations in plants damaged both above‐ and below‐ground. Initial above‐ground herbivory increased root damage and larval survival, suggesting an increase in root quality following leaf herbivory. Initial below‐ground herbivory did not affect the performance of later‐feeding larvae, indicating limited importance of induced root cardenolides and competition between clutches of T. tetraophthalmus.

In a natural milkweed population, initial above‐ground herbivory attracted conspecific adults and milkweed leaf beetles (Labidomera clivicollis) and ultimately reduced fruit production by 33%. Nonetheless, the probability of damage by monarch caterpillars (Danaus plexippus) was reduced on plants initially damaged by T. tetraophthalmus above‐ground, likely due to reduced oviposition following induced plant responses.

Synthesis. Induced plant responses of common milkweed to above‐ground damage by adult T. tetraophthalmus both facilitate further damage by adults and enhance the performance of their root‐feeding larvae, most likely as a result of host plant manipulation. Although the same induction reduced monarch herbivory, the net effect of these interactions was negative for the plant as fruit production was substantially reduced. These results imply that host plant manipulation may be especially common by specialist herbivores that have sequential above‐ and below‐ground life stages.
The interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil phosphorus availability influences plant community productivity and ecosystem stability
Authors: Yang Gaowen , Liu Nan , Lu Wenjie , Wang Shuo , Kan Haiming , Zhang Yingjun , Xu Lan , Chen Yongliang 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can influence plant community composition and diversity. Previous research has shown that the addition of nutrients reduces the effectiveness of AMF. However, the ways in which soil nutrient availability and AMF interact and affect plant community productivity and ecosystem stability are still poorly understood.

We examined the impact of AMF suppression and phosphorus (P) addition on plant diversity, community productivity and temporal stability (TS) in a field experiment. AMF root colonization and the concentration of an AMF‐specific phospholipid fatty acid were significantly reduced after application of the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench.

The TS of the plant community was higher in communities without benomyl application compared with communities with benomyl application indicating that AMF contribute to the TS of plant communities. AMF suppression increased productivity at the plant species, functional group and community levels under high P addition rates. At the zero P addition rate, AMF did not affect plant community productivity, as the dominant species Artemisia frigida was more abundant in control plots with AMF, while the subdominant species Stipa krylovii was more abundant in the benomyl‐treated plots with reduced AMF abundance. Compensatory effects between C3 grasses and non‐N2‐fixing forbs were observed in the control plots with AMF along the gradient of P addition rates, but these effects were not detected among plant species in the benomyl‐treated plots under AMF suppression above an addition rate of 4.76 P2O5 m−2 year−1. Although AMF suppression did not influence the diversity of the plant communities, it did decrease the diversity of N2‐fixing forbs at the zero P addition rate and above an addition rate of 18.90 g P2O5 m−2 year−1, indicating that AMF play key roles in the maintenance of N2‐fixing forbs at these P addition rates. P addition led to biodiversity losses at application rates below 2.36 g P2O5 m−2 year−1 at the community level.

Synthesis. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil P availability interact to influence the productivity and TS of a plant community by mediating compensatory effects among plant species and functional groups.
Blame Games and Climate Change: Accountability, Multi-Level Governance and Carbon Management
Authors: Bache Ian , Bartle Ian , Flinders Matthew , Marsden Greg 
Published: March 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract This article provides the first detailed and evidence-based account of the coalition government's approach to transport-related carbon management. It exposes the existence of a ‘governance vacuum’ between the statutory target and a very weak devolved implementation system (i.e. ‘fuzzy governance’ and ‘fuzzy accountability’). Research in four major city regions reveals a systemic switch from an emphasis on carbon management and reduction towards economic growth and job creation. Officials within the policy design and delivery chain emphasise the manner in which the demands of democratic politics tend to frustrate meaningful policy change. A general demand by actors at the local level not for the discretions delivered by localism but for a more robust and centrally managed—even statutory—governance framework. The Climate Change Act 2008 received global acclaim for embedding an ambitious set of targets for the reduction of carbon emissions in legislation. This article explores the policies and institutional frameworks in place to deliver transport-related carbon reductions as part of the subsequent Carbon Plan. A detailed methodology involving institutional mapping, interviews and focus groups combined with a theoretical approach that combines the theory of multi-level governance with the literature on ‘blame avoidance’ serves to reveal a complex system of ‘fuzzy governance’ and ‘fuzzy accountability’. Put simply, it reveals there are no practical sub-national implementation levers for achieving the statutory targets. Apart from symbolic or rhetorical commitments, the emphasis of policy-makers at all levels in the delivery chain has switched from carbon management and reduction to economic growth and job creation. This raises fresh research questions about the pathologies of democratic competition and future responses to the climate change challenge.
Technological affordances of risk and blame: the case of the electronic prescription service in England
Authors: Petrakaki Dimitra , Waring Justin , Barber Nicholas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInformation and communication technology (ICT) is often presented by health policymakers and software designers as a means for reducing clinical risk, leading to safer clinical practice. Studies have challenged this view, showing how technology can produce new or unanticipated risks. Although research seeks to objectively identify these risks, we recognise that technological risks are socially constructed through the interaction of technology and practice. The aim of this article is to explore how technology affords opportunities for the social construction and control of risk in health care settings. Drawing upon a study of the electronic prescription service introduced in the National Health Service in England, we make three arguments. Firstly, as technology interacts with social practice (for example, through policy and the design and use ofICT) it affords opportunities for the construction of risk through its interpretive flexibility, transformative capacity and materiality. Secondly, social actors interpret these risks within and across professional boundaries and cultures. Thirdly, the social construction of risk affords certain implications to policymakers, designers and users of healthICT, specifically a reordering of power and responsibility and a recasting of questions of blame. These, in turn, raise questions concerning the boundaries and bearers of responsibility.
Achieving visibility? Use of non‐verbal communication in interactions between patients and pharmacists who do not share a common language
Authors: Stevenson Fiona 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDespite the seemingly insatiable interest in healthcare professional–patient communication, less attention has been paid to the use of non‐verbal communication in medical consultations. This article considers pharmacists' and patients' use of non‐verbal communication to interact directly in consultations in which they do not share a common language. In total, 12 video‐recorded, interpreted pharmacy consultations concerned with a newly prescribed medication or a change in medication were analysed in detail. The analysis focused on instances of direct communication initiated by either the patient or the pharmacist, despite the presence of a multilingual pharmacy assistant acting as an interpreter. Direct communication was shown to occur through (i) the demonstration of a medical device, (ii) the indication of relevant body parts and (iii) the use of limited English. These connections worked to make patients and pharmacists visible to each other and thus to maintain a sense of mutual involvement in consultations within which patients and pharmacists could enact professionally and socially appropriate roles. In a multicultural society this work is important in understanding the dynamics involved in consultations in situations in which language is not shared and thus in considering the development of future research and policy.