bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ИВОЛГИЙН ДАЦАНЫ ТҮҮХЭН ТОЙМООС
Authors: Mandukhai Kh 
Published: January 2015

Энэ зун наймдугаар сард миний бие Бурядын Улаан-Үүд хотод байрладаг Иволгийн дацан үзэж, Итгэлт хамбын ариун шүтээнд мөргөх сайхан завшаан тохиож билээ. Маш цэвэр цэмцгэр, ариун дагшин энэ газарт энэ гайхамшигт дацан сүндэрлэн, шүтэн бишрэгч үй олныг хүлээн авч, мөргөл үйлдүүлдэг бурхан шашны томоохон төв болжээ. Ингээд энд олж мэдсэн, уг дацаны үүх түүхээс товч авч өгүүлэхийг хичээлээ. Иволгийн дацанг 1946 онд анх сэргээн босгосон бөгөөд Пандит Хамба ламын гуравдахь харш орд аж. Уг дацан Оросын Холбооны улс дахь Буддизмын түүхэнд чухал байр суурь эзэлдэг байна. Оросын нутаг дэвсгэрт Буддизм анх ХVI-ХVII зуунд дэлгэрч тархсан түүхтэй юм байна. Тэр нь гол төлөв монгол туургатан-буряд, Халимаг, Туваачуудын дотор үүсэж хөгжиж эхлэсэн байна. 1741 онд хатан хаан П.Елизаветын зарлигаар буддизм нь Оросын уламжлалт шашины нэг мөн хэмээн хүлээн зөвшөөрөгджээ. Энэ үеэс Оросын эзэнт гүрэнд Бурханы шашин (Буддизм)-ын сүм хийд, төвүүд эрчимтэй бүрэлдэж бий болсон байна.English Title: History of Volga Monastery DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i2.396
ЯПОН ХҮНИЙ ОВОГ НЭРИЙН ТУХАЙД
Authors: Onon Ts 
Published: January 2015

Япон хүний овгийн нэрийн түүхээс үзвэл, тэд эрт үедээ овгийг эзэн хаанаас хүртдэг байжээ.Ингэснээр эзэн хааныг хамгийн дээд эрхэм хүн гэж хүлээн зөвшөөрч, үнэнч зүтгэхээ тангараглаж байгаагийн гэрч юм. Ийм учраас эзэн хааны гэр бүлд овог гэж байдаггүй. Эзэн хааны албат л бол түүнд овгийн нэр гэж байх ёстой бөгөөд овгийн нэрийг хүртээхэд тогтсон ямар нэг ёс журам байгаагүй бололтой. Түүхэнд нэрээ үлдээсэн нөлөө бүхий дөрвөн их овог гэгдэх 源氏Genji, 平氏Heishi, 藤原Fujiwara, 橘Tachibana (товчлон 源平藤橘 Genpeitoukitsu гэж бичдэг) овгийн нэр ч тэр ямар нэгэн утга учир агуулдаггүй гэнэ. Овгийн нэр нь эзэн хаанаас хүртдэг зүйл учраас мэдээж буцааж авах, булаалгах, хүчингүй болгох, солих зэрэг үйлдэл ч гардаг байжээ. Ийнхүү хувирч өөрчлөгдөн явсаар, Нарагийн үе гэхэд бүх хүн овогтой болсон бөгөөд олон зуун овог (百姓Hyakushou-олон зуун тооны овог гэсэн утгатай байснаа одоо тариачин гэсэн утгатай) гэдэг үг энэ үед гарчээ.English Title: About Japanese surnames / family names DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i2.397
Галын орон-Азербайжан
Authors: Begzjav L 
Published: January 2015

Ази,Европ хоёр тив дамнасан Ар их Кавказын уулсын зүүн хэсэгт, зүүгээрээ Каспийн тэнгис, баруун өмнүүрээ Иран, Турктай, баруугаараа Армен, хойгуураа Орос, Гүрж улстай хиллэдэг. Бүгд Найрамдах Азербайжан улс (The Republic of Azerbaijan) нь Ази тивийн газрын зураг дээр шинээр тэмдэглэгдсэн цаг хугацаа нь 1991 онд тусгаар тогтносон улс болсоноо зарласан тэр цагаас хойш юм. Өөртөө засах Бүгд Найрамдах Уулын Карабах буюу Нахчыван улсыг хамаардаг Азербайжаны газар нутгийн хэмжээ Монгол улсынхаас 18 дахин бага буюу 86,6 мянган км2, хүн ам нь манайхаас 3,4 дахин олон буюу 9 сая 165 мянга(2011) аж. Өөрөөр хэлбэл, тус улс газар нутгийн хэмжээгээрээ дэлхийд 111-р байрт, хүн амын тоогоороо 89-р байранд байна.English Title: Azerbaijan: The country of Fire DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v0i2.399
Use of Generative AI to Identify Helmet Status Among Patients With Micromobility-Related Injuries From Unstructured Clinical Notes
Authors: Burford Kathryn G. , Itzkowitz Nicole G. , Ortega Ashley G. , Teitler Julien O. , Rundle Andrew G. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceLarge language models (LLMs) have potential to increase the efficiency of information extraction from unstructured clinical notes in electronic medical records.ObjectiveTo assess the utility and reliability of an LLM, ChatGPT-4 (OpenAI), to analyze clinical narratives and identify helmet use status of patients injured in micromobility-related accidents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used publicly available, deidentified 2019 to 2022 data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a nationally representative stratified probability sample of 96 hospitals in the US. Unweighted estimates of e-bike, bicycle, hoverboard, and powered scooter–related injuries that resulted in an emergency department visit were used. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2023 to April 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient helmet status (wearing vs not wearing vs unknown) was extracted from clinical narratives using (1) a text string search using researcher-generated text strings and (2) the LLM by prompting the system with low-, intermediate-, and high-detail prompts. The level of agreement between the 2 approaches across all 3 prompts was analyzed using Cohen κ test statistics. Fleiss κ was calculated to measure the test-retest reliability of the high-detail prompt across 5 new chat sessions and days. Performance statistics were calculated by comparing results from the high-detail prompt to classifications of helmet status generated by researchers reading the clinical notes (ie, a criterion standard review).ResultsAmong 54 569 clinical notes, moderate (Cohen κ = 0.74 [95% CI, 0.73-0.75) and weak (Cohen κ = 0.53 [95% CI, 0.52-0.54]) agreement were found between the text string–search approach and the LLM for the low- and intermediate-detail prompts, respectively. The high-detail prompt had almost perfect agreement (κ = 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.00]) but required the greatest amount of time to complete. The LLM did not perfectly replicate its analyses across new sessions and days (Fleiss κ = 0.91 across 5 trials; P &amp;lt; .001). The LLM often hallucinated and was consistent in replicating its hallucinations. It also showed high validity compared with the criterion standard (n = 400; κ = 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-1.00]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study’s findings suggest that although there are efficiency gains for using the LLM to extract information from clinical notes, the inadequate reliability compared with a text string–search approach, hallucinations, and inconsistent performance significantly hinder the potential of the currently available LLM.
Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Gel Microspheres as Bi‐Component Carriers with a Liquid Phase to Immobilize Enzymes for Enhanced Performance
Authors: Ben Chuxuan , Zhao Shujie , Wu Qiong , He Hongjiang , Yu Meng , Liu Dong , He Dongqing , Song Xi‐Ming , Song Zhining 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on incorporating liquid molecules, different from the bulk solution, into the immobilized enzyme carrier to regulate the distribution effect and diffusion‐limiting impact of the carrier's microenvironment for substrates, which generally is difficult to achieve due to the instability of the materials with liquid inclusions. A freestanding liquid‐holding particle carrier, with bi‐component hydrophobic ionic liquid gel microspheres with poly (glycidyl methacrylate) as the network and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the dispersing medium, is proposed, which is stable in air aqueous solution, and can extract proteins and organic small molecules into its interior due to the mobility of its dispersing medium. Horseradish peroxidase is covalently immobilized into the microspheres, forming a liquid compartment enzyme microreactor. The microreactor exhibits superior stability, enzymatic activity, and catalytic performance for Basic Orange II degradation compared to free enzyme and liquid‐free immobilized enzymes. This is attributed to the biocompatibility of the ionic liquid, its role in substrate enrichment in its interior, and its rapid mass transfer capability. This contribution shows the effectiveness of regulating the carrier's microenvironment with liquid molecules, offering fresh perspectives and strategies for enzyme technology.
Modulating the Spin State to Stabilize the Surface and Bulk Structure for Durable 4.6 V LiCoO2 Cathodes
Authors: Yao Ziqing , Fu Tianji , Pan Tao , Jiang Zhongwei , Fan Xu , Liu Shuangke , Guo Qingpeng , Li Yujie , Zheng Chunman , Sun Weiwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐voltage LiCoO2 (LCO) attracts great interest due to its high theoretical capacity, however, the aggravated oxygen redox, Co dissolution, and lattice degradation at high voltage potentially induce the instability of crystal structural and cathode–electrolyte interphase, and can ultimately lead to severe capacity fading. Herein, a design strategy of spin modulation is presented to stabilize the surface and bulk structure of the commercial LiCoO2 (C‐LCO). The prepared high‐spin state LiCoO2 via crystal field modulation elevates the Co─O band gap, suppresses the electronic compensation of oxygen at high voltage, and reduces the side reactions of reactive oxygen and dissolved Co ions with the electrolyte, which greatly restrains the irreversible phase transition from O3 to H1‐3 and the degeneration of cathode–electrolyte interphase. As a result, the spin‐modulated LiCoO2 shows significantly improved electrochemical performances including high discharge capacity, stable cycling behavior, and enhanced rate capability. This work based on spin modification by crystal field modulation can apply to other layered transition metal oxide cathodes, providing a new avenue for developing high‐energy–density cathodes.
Adapting Explainable Machine Learning to Study Mechanical Properties of 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites
Authors: Yao Yuxuan , Han Dan , Spooner Kieran B. , Jia Xiaoyu , Ebert Hubert , Scanlon David O. , Oberhofer Harald 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2D hybrid organic and inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are used as capping layers on top of 3D perovskites to enhance their stability while maintaining the desired power conversion efficiency (PCE). Therefore, the 2D HOIP needs to withstand mechanical stresses and deformations, making the stiffness an important observable. However, there is no model for unravelling the relationship between their crystal structures and mechanical properties. In this work, explainable machine learning (ML) models are used to accelerate the in silico prediction of mechanical properties of 2D HOIPs, as indicated by their out‐of‐plane and in‐plane Young's modulus. The ML models can distinguish between stiff and non‐stiff 2D HOIPs, and extract the dominant physical feature influencing their Young's moduli, viz. the metal‐halogen‐metal bond angle. Furthermore, the steric effect index (STEI) of cations is found to be a rough criterion for non‐stiffness. Their optimal ranges are extracted from a probability analysis. Based on the strong correlation between the deformation of octahedra and the Young's modulus, the transferability of the approach from single‐layer to multi‐layer 2D HOIPs is demonstrated. This work represents a step toward unravelling the complex relationship between crystal structure and mechanical properties of 2D HOIPs using ML as a tool.
Augmentation of Tendon and Ligament Repair with Fiber‐Reinforced Hydrogel Composites
Authors: Kent Robert N. , Huang Alice H. , Baker Brendon M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review highlights the promise of fiber‐reinforced hydrogel composites (FRHCs) for augmenting tendon and ligament repair and regeneration. Composed of reinforcing fibers embedded in a hydrogel, these scaffolds provide both mechanical strength and a conducive microenvironment for biological processes required for connective tissue regeneration. Typical properties of FRHCs are discussed, highlighting their ability to simultaneously fulfill essential mechanical and biological design criteria for a regenerative scaffold. Furthermore, features of FRHCs are described that improve specific biological aspects of tendon healing including mesenchymal progenitor cell recruitment, early polarization to a pro‐regenerative immune response, tenogenic differentiation of recruited progenitor cells, and subsequent production of a mature, aligned collagenous matrix. Finally, the review offers a perspective on clinical translation of tendon FRHCs and outlines key directions for future work.
Percolative Metal Microweb‐Based Flexible Lithium‐Ion Battery with Fast Charging and High Energy Density
Authors: Jo Hongseok , Park Ju Hyoung , Choi Daekyu , Kim Kiyong , An Seongpil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlexible and high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) encounter challenges due to the inherent trade‐offs in conventional electrode designs, particularly concerning mechanical flexibility and high energy density. Here, a novel percolative metal microweb‐based electrode, fabricated via electrohydrodynamic processes, yielding a three‐dimensional (3D) network structure with exceptional electrical properties and mechanical durability is introduced. This lightweight electrode design addresses the need for improved energy density by reducing the weight of the current collector, which typically accounts for more than 10% of the battery's weight. The 3D architecture of the electrode enhances the contact area with the electrolyte, thereby minimizing polarization voltage and improving lithium‐ion diffusion. Furthermore, the low coating thickness‐to‐weight ratio promotes electron transfer and mitigates capacity fade at high current densities. The microweb‐based full cell exhibits energy and power densities of 110 and 1,048 W kg⁻¹ at 10 C, respectively, which are the highest reported values among LIBs utilizing similar materials. The design of the electrode proposed in this study is expected to significantly contribute to the development of wearable and flexible electronics.
Curvature‐Assisted Vesicle Explosion Under Light‐Induced Asymmetric Oxidation
Authors: Malik Vinit Kumar , Pak On Shun , Feng Jie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExposure of cell membranes to reactive oxygen species can cause oxidation of membrane lipids. Oxidized lipids undergo drastic conformational changes, compromising the mechanical integrity of the membrane and causing cell death. For giant unilamellar vesicles, a classic cell mimetic system, a range of mechanical responses under oxidative assault has been observed including formation of nanopores, transient micron‐sized pores, and total sudden catastrophic collapse (i.e., explosion). However, the physical mechanism regarding how lipid oxidation causes vesicles to explode remains elusive. Here, with light‐induced asymmetric oxidation experiments, the role of spontaneous curvature on vesicle instability and its link to the conformational changes of oxidized lipid products is systematically investigated. A comprehensive membrane model is proposed for pore‐opening dynamics incorporating spontaneous curvature and membrane curling, which captures the experimental observations well. The kinetics of lipid oxidation are further characterized and how light‐induced asymmetric oxidation generates spontaneous curvature in a non‐monotonic temporal manner is rationalized. Using the framework, a phase diagram with an analytical criterion to predict transient pore formation or catastrophic vesicle collapse is provided. The work can shed light on understanding biomembrane stability under oxidative assault and strategizing release dynamics of vesicle‐based drug delivery systems.
Profiling Dynamic Patterns of Single‐Cell Motility
Authors: Maity Debonil , Sivakumar Nikita , Kamat Pratik , Zamponi Nahuel , Min Chanhong , Du Wenxuan , Jayatilaka Hasini , Johnston Adrian , Starich Bartholomew , Agrawal Anshika , Riley Deanna , Venturutti Leandro , Melnick Ari , Cerchietti Leandro , Walston Jeremy , Phillip Jude M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCell motility plays an essential role in many biological processes as cells move and interact within their local microenvironments. Current methods for quantifying cell motility typically involve tracking individual cells over time, but the results are often presented as averaged values across cell populations. While informative, these ensemble approaches have limitations in assessing cellular heterogeneity and identifying generalizable patterns of single‐cell behaviors, at baseline and in response to perturbations. In this study, CaMI is introduced, a computational framework designed to leverage the single‐cell nature of motility data. CaMI identifies and classifies distinct spatio‐temporal behaviors of individual cells, enabling robust classification of single‐cell motility patterns in a large dataset (n = 74 253 cells). This framework allows quantification of spatial and temporal heterogeneities, determination of single‐cell motility behaviors across various biological conditions and provides a visualization scheme for direct interpretation of dynamic cell behaviors. Importantly, CaMI reveals insights that conventional cell motility analyses may overlook, showcasing its utility in uncovering robust biological insights. Together, a multivariate framework is presented to classify emergent patterns of single‐cell motility, emphasizing the critical role of cellular heterogeneity in shaping cell behaviors across populations.
Scaling Transition of Active Turbulence from Two to Three Dimensions
Authors: Wei Da , Yang Yaochen , Wei Xuefeng , Golestanian Ramin , Li Ming , Meng Fanlong , Peng Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTurbulent flows are observed in low‐Reynolds active fluids, which display similar phenomenology to the classical inertial turbulence but are of a different nature. Understanding the dependence of this new type of turbulence on dimensionality is a fundamental challenge in non‐equilibrium physics. Real‐space structures and kinetic energy spectra of bacterial turbulence are experimentally measured from two to three dimensions. The turbulence shows three regimes separated by two critical confinement heights, resulting from the competition of bacterial length, vortex size and confinement height. Meanwhile, the kinetic energy spectra display distinct universal scaling laws in quasi‐2D and 3D regimes, independent of bacterial activity, length, and confinement height, whereas scaling exponents transition in two steps around the critical heights. The scaling behaviors are well captured by the hydrodynamic model we develop, which employs image systems to represent the effects of confining boundaries. The study suggests a framework for investigating the effect of dimensionality on non‐equilibrium self‐organized systems.
Construction and Progress of Small Molecule‐Based Coupled Electrolyzers
Authors: Qin Yanxi , Wang Yingyong , Jin Guoqiang , Tong Xili , Yang Nianjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoupled electrolyzer is a desirable way to realize efficient energy conversion from electricity to chemical energy. Using coupled electrolyzers highly valuable chemicals (e.g., H2, CHxCOO−, nitrile, S, NH3, CO) can be obtained at low voltages, environmental pollutants can be alleviated, and wastewater (e.g., ammonia, urea, hydrazine) can be recycled. They are even helpful to realize the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Compared to traditional chemical methods, small molecule‐based coupled electrolyzers are more cost‐efficient. This review summarizes state‐of‐art of coupled electrolyzers, mainly the replacement of oxygen reduction reaction with oxidation reactions of small molecules and their further coupling with cathodic reduction reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), N2 reduction reaction (NRR), and other reduction reactions of matching small molecules. In terms of oxidation reactions of small molecules, two types of reactions are covered: sacrificial agent oxidation reaction (SAOR) and electrochemical synthesis reaction (ESR). After detailing the design principle of coupled electrolyzers and several oxidation reactions of small molecules, construction, characterization, and performance of coupled electrolyzers are systematically overviewed along with discussion and outline of current challenges and prospects of this appealing strategy.
Effects of a prior failed attempt on the outcomes of subsequent chronic total occlusion‐percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zheng Nai‐Xin , Ai Hu , Zhao Ying , Li Hui , Yang Guo‐Jian , Tang Guo‐Dong , Peng Xi , Sun Fu‐Cheng , Zhang Hui‐Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesPatients undergoing a prior failed attempt of chronic total occlusion‐percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO‐PCI) represent a challenging subgroup across all patients undergoing CTO‐PCI. There are limited data on the effects of a prior failed attempt on the outcomes of subsequent CTO‐PCI. We aimed to compare the procedural results and 24‐month outcomes of prior‐failed‐attempt CTO‐PCI with those of initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI.MethodsPatients who underwent attempted CTO‐PCI between January 2017 and December 2019 were prospectively enrolled. We analyzed the procedural results and 24‐month major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between patients who underwent prior‐failed‐attempt and initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel‐related myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven target vessel revascularization (TVR) during follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 484 patients who underwent CTO‐PCI (prior‐failed‐attempt, n = 49; initial‐attempt, n = 435) were enrolled during the study period. After propensity score matching (1:3), 147 patients were included in the initial‐attempt group. The proportion of the Japanese‐CTO (J‐CTO) score ≥2 was higher in the patients who underwent prior failed attempt than in those who underwent initial attempt (77.5% vs. 38.8%, p < 0.001). The retrograde approach was more often adopted in the prior‐failed‐attempt group than in the initial‐attempt group (32.7% vs. 3.4%,  [P< 0.001). Successful CTO revascularization rates were significantly lower in the prior‐failed attempt‐group than in the initial attempt group (53.1% vs. 83.3%, P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that J‐CTO score ≥2 [odds ratio (OR), 0.359; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.159–0.812; P = 0.014], intravascular ultrasound procedure (OR, 4.640; 95% CI, 1.380–15.603; P = 0.013), and prior failed attempt (OR, 0.285; 95% CI, 0.125–0.648; P = 0.003) were the independent predictors for successful CTO revascularization. There were no significant differences in major procedural complications (2.0% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.438) and MACE rates (4.1% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.438) between the groups, mainly due to the TVR rate (4.1% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.522).ConclusionsCompared with initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI, prior‐failed‐attempt CTO‐PCI deserves more attention, since it is associated with a lower successful CTO revascularization rate. Prior failed attempt, J‐CTO score ≥2, and IVUS procedure are the determining factors for predicting successful CTO revascularization. There are no significantly different unfavorable outcomes between patients who undergo prior‐failed‐attempt and initial‐attempt CTO‐PCI.
Effects of dilution and age on perfume release from two mixed‐surfactant systems containing hydrotropes
Authors: Mirzamani Marzieh , Flickinger Marc , Jones Ronald L. , Ananthapadmanabhan Kavssery , Smith Ed , Kumari Harshita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the encapsulation and controlled release of perfume within micellar systems. We explored how perfume‐surfactant interactions and micelle structure influence fragrance delivery. Two mixed‐micelle systems, one with branched‐tail and the other with linear‐tail surfactants, were subjected to varying perfume concentrations, dilution, and time. Using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), and statistical analysis, we determined that micelle size and shape are significantly affected by perfume content and dilution. While both systems exhibited similar trends, the branched‐tail system uniquely formed a lamellar phase at higher perfume levels. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between micelle geometry and headspace perfume concentration, highlighting the role of surfactant tail structure. This research provides fundamental insights into perfume‐micelle interactions, with potential applications in materials science and active ingredient delivery.