bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and treatment outcomes of the spinal arteriovenous fistulas and malformations
Authors: Cho Won-Sang , Kim Ki-Jeong , Kwon O-Ki , Kim Chi Heon , Kim Jiha , Han Moon Hee , Chung Chun Kee 
Published: May 2013

Object
Spinal vascular diseases, such as spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), and spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), are very rare. The authors analyzed the features and treatment outcomes of these conditions.

Methods
Data from 64 patients were retrospectively reviewed. There were 33 spinal DAVFs (1 patient had 2 lesions), 20 perimedullary AVFs, and 12 spinal AVMs. Clinical features, radiological findings, treatment results, and clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the diseases, subtypes, and treatment modalities. The median duration of follow-up was 20, 42, and 56 months for spinal DAVFs, perimedullary AVFs, and spinal AVMs, respectively.

Results
Spinal DAVFs showed faster progression of symptoms (median 5, 12, and 36 months for spinal DAVFs, perimedullary AVFs, and spinal AVMs, respectively) and worse neurological status at diagnosis (poor neurological status in 56%, 65%, and 33%, respectively). On MRI, signal voids were demonstrated in all except 1 spinal DAVF. At the last follow-up, 94% of spinal DAVFs, 68% of perimedullary AVFs, and 50% of spinal AVMs were completely obliterated. Favorable clinical outcomes were achieved in 91%, 95%, and 58%, respectively. In detail, the majority (78%) of spinal DAVFs were embolized, resulting in complete obliteration in 92% and favorable clinical outcomes in 92%. Most Type IVa and IVb perimedullary AVFs were surgically treated (71% and 88%), with complete obliterations of 86% and 71%, and favorable clinical outcomes in 100% and 86%, respectively. All Type IVc lesions were embolized with a low cure rate of 40%; however, clinical outcomes were satisfactory. Spinal AVMs were generally embolized (67%), and only glomus-type lesions attained a satisfactory cure rate (80%) and clinical outcome (100%).

Conclusions
Embolization produced satisfactory outcomes in spinal DAVFs and glomus-type spinal AVMs. Surgery is advantageous in Type IVa and IVb perimedullary AVFs. Palliative embolization can be effective in Type IVc perimedullary AVFs and juvenile spinal AVMs.
Pollination and mating systems of Apodanthaceae and the distribution of reproductive traits in parasitic angiosperms
Authors: Bellot Sidonie , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: May 2013

• Premise of the study: The most recent reviews of the reproductive biology and sexual systems of parasitic angiosperms were published 17 yr ago and reported that dioecy might be associated with parasitism. We use current knowledge on parasitic lineages and their sister groups, and data on the reproductive biology and sexual systems of Apodanthaceae, to readdress the question of possible trends in the reproductive biology of parasitic angiosperms.• Methods: Fieldwork in Zimbabwe and Iran produced data on the pollinators and sexual morph frequencies in two species of Apodanthaceae. Data on pollinators, dispersers, and sexual systems in parasites and their sister groups were compiled from the literature.• Key results: With the possible exception of some Viscaceae, most of the ca. 4500 parasitic angiosperms are animal‐pollinated, and ca. 10% of parasites are dioecious, but the gain and loss of dioecy across angiosperms is too poorly known to infer a statistical correlation. The studied Apodanthaceae are dioecious and pollinated by nectar‐ or pollen‐foraging Calliphoridae and other flies.• Conclusions: Sister group comparisons so far do not reveal any reproductive traits that evolved (or were lost) concomitant with a parasitic life style, but the lack of wind pollination suggests that this pollen vector may be maladaptive in parasites, perhaps because of host foliage or flowers borne close to the ground.
Measure for measure: Comparing morphological and biomass traits for sex allocation in two gynodioecious species
Authors: Sakai Ann K. , Weller Stephen G. , Campbell Diane R. , Culley Theresa M. , Dunbar‐Wallis Amy K. , Andres Allen M. 
Published: May 2013

• Premise of the study: Sex allocation models assume male and female traits are measured in a common currency, allocation traits show heritability, and tradeoffs between investment in the two sexual functions occur. The potential for model predictions and genetic parameters to depend on the currency used is not well understood, despite frequent use of measures not in a common currency.• Methods: We analyzed the relationship between common currency (biomass of carpels, seeds, and stamens) measures and morphological measures (numbers of ovules, seeds, and pollen) in Schiedea salicaria (12–13% females) and S. adamantis (39% females), two closely related gynodioecious species. Additionally, we compared heritabilities and genetic correlations for male and female allocation between these two types of measures.• Key results: Ovule, seed, and pollen number show greater sexual dimorphism in S. adamantis than in S. salicaria. Most but not all morphological traits and analogous biomass traits are highly correlated with a linear relationship. Narrow‐sense heritabilities based on the two methods are often similar, but higher for ovule number than carpel mass and lower for anther number than stamen mass in S. adamantis. Neither trait type shows negative genetic correlations between male and female function.• onclusions: Both trait types show greater sexual dimorphism in S. adamantis, and significant heritabilities suggest that morphological traits will continue to evolve with breeding system changes. Although most relationships between morphological and biomass traits are linear, curvilinear relationships for two traits suggest that caution is warranted if morphological and common currency traits are used interchangeably in fitness gain curves.
Le commerce agricole en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre : les frontières sont-elles abolies ?
Authors: Araujo Bonjean Catherine , Brunelin Stéphanie 
Published: May 2013

L’objectif de cet article est de tester la présence d’obstacles aux échanges agricoles entre pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre. Malgré les avancées politiques et institutionnelles en faveur de la libre circulation des produits au sein des unions monétaires et douanières de cette zone, les enquêtes faites par des observatoires régionaux indépendants montrent qu’il subsiste de nombreux obstacles. Ces obstacles proviennent notamment de la mauvaise application des textes, de la faiblesse des infrastructures et de l’importance des risques, et sont difficilement mesurables. L’approche suivie consiste à estimer le coût additionnel de l’échange lié au passage d’une frontière à l’aide de tests de l’intégration spatiale des marchés. Il ressort de l’analyse conduite sur une base de données originale comprenant les prix de cinq produits agricoles sur 142 marchés répartis dans 15 pays trois résultats importants. Il apparaît d’abord que le passage des frontières reste coûteux, y compris au sein des pays de l’UEMOA. Toutefois, le coût associé au passage de la frontière est plus faible lorsque les deux pays partagent la même monnaie, ce qui est le cas des pays de l’UEMOA. Les résultats montrent également une diminution du coût de la frontière et des coûts de commercialisation liés à la distance entre 1990 et 2011. Classification JEL : F15, O13, O55
Décomposition des inégalités dans l'utilisation des soins de santé au Sénégal
Authors: Mané Papa Yona Boubacar 
Published: May 2013

Cette étude cherchait à mesurer l’équité horizontale dans l’utilisation des soins de santé au Sénégal, en appliquant la méthode de décomposition de l’indice de concentration des inégalités. La distribution des soins, selon les besoins, devant suivre l’organisation hiérarchique présente dans le système de santé, nous avons distingué les soins reçus dans les hôpitaux des soins reçus dans les centres et postes de santé. Les résultats de cette première mesure montrent que d’importantes iniquités existent en faveur des populations de revenus supérieurs dans le bénéfice des soins dans les hôpitaux et les centres de santé. Les soins délivrés dans les postes de santé bénéficient plus aux populations pauvres. Constatant que plus de 22 % des patients souffrant d’une maladie sans invalidité sont soignés dans les hôpitaux et plus de 60 % des patients dont la maladie présente un niveau élevé d’invalidité sont soignés dans les postes de santé, nous avons procédé à des simulations sur l’affectation de ces patients aux structures de soins adéquates selon l’invalidité pour mesurer les effets du non-respect des règles d’adressage des patients sur l’indice d’équité. Avec ces réaffectations, l’iniquité dans les soins hospitaliers devient pro-pauvre et l’iniquité dans les postes de santé s’accentue en faveur de ces mêmes pauvres. L’iniquité dans les centres de santé reste en faveur des riches. Les résultats obtenus avec les simulations suggèrent que les iniquités telles qu’elles existent actuellement sont principalement dues au non-respect des règles de référencement dans le système de santé. La mise en place de la rigueur dans l’orientation des patients et une politique de sensibilisation de la population sur le référencement pourraient contribuer à rendre le système de soins plus équitable. Classification JEL : I12, I14, I18
« Comment doit-on être Croate ? » : effets centripète et centrifuge de la redéfinition d'identités collectives
Authors: Blagonić Sandi 
Published: May 2013

La crise sociale et la reconstruction fondée sur le nationalisme de la société sur le territoire de l’ex-Yougoslavie vers la fin du xx e siècle ont entraîné une redéfinition des identités collectives, plus spécialement ethno-nationales. En réaction au modèle de croatitude nouvellement établi en Istrie, la région croate la plus occidentale, une mobilisation sociale et politique régionale s’est fait jour. Le présent article interprète l’istrianité comme une articulation de l’altérité politique et, d’une manière générale, idéologique de l’Istrie face au centre, comme une sorte de résistance à ce que « Croate » commence à signifier.
La localisation du transnationalisme. Pratiques transfrontalières bosniaques et croates
Authors: Čapo Jasna , Halilovich Hariz 
Published: May 2013

La translocalité explique mieux que la transnationalité la morphologie sociale et les réalités vécues par les populations de migrants, y compris les formes d’interaction sociale, de modèles d’organisation, de pratiques culturelles et d’autres activités mises en œuvre par rapport à leur patrie respective et à leurs compatriotes translocaux dans les autres pays. L’étude de ces pratiques chez les migrants bosniaques et croates montre que les lieux de culture et les identités locales matérialisées transcendent l’espace géographique et le temps chronologique – que la mobilité et l’attachement à une localité ne sont pas intrinsèquement contradictoires, mais peuvent être des processus complémentaires.
Montesquieu et la crise du droit naturel moderne
Authors: Spector Céline 
Published: May 2013

Les séminaires dispensés par Leo Strauss au Département de Sciences Politiques de l’Université de Chicago en 1965-1966 sont demeurés inédits à ce jour. Consacrés à L’Esprit des lois et aux Lettres persanes , ces cours offrent une interprétation forte et subtile de l’œuvre, qui a connu un retentissement majeur en raison des travaux de certains disciples (David Lowenthal, Thomas Pangle, Pierre Manent, Paul Rahe). L’exégèse straussienne mérite donc d’être mieux connue : elle ouvre la voie d’une analyse de la politique « libérale » de Montesquieu et de ses illusions.
Enhanced T Cell Function in a Mouse Model of Human Glycosylation
Authors: Buchlis George , Odorizzi Pamela , Soto Paula C. , Pearce Oliver M. T. , Hui Daniel J. , Jordan Martha S. , Varki Ajit , Wherry E. John , High Katherine A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Clinical evidence for a more active immune response in humans compared with our closest hominid relative, the chimpanzee, includes the progression of HIV infection to AIDS, hepatitis B– and C–related inflammation, autoimmunity, and unwanted harmful immune responses to viral gene transfer vectors. Humans have a unique mutation of the enzyme CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH), causing loss of expression of the sialic acid Neu5Gc. This mutation, occurring 2 million years ago, likely altered the expression and function of ITIM-bearing inhibitory receptors (Siglecs) that bind sialic acids. Previous work showed that human T cells proliferate faster than chimpanzee T cells upon equivalent stimulation. In this article, we report that Cmah−/− mouse T cells proliferate faster and have greater expression of activation markers than wild-type mouse T cells. Metabolically reintroducing Neu5Gc diminishes the proliferation and activation of both human and murine Cmah−/− T cells. Importantly, Cmah−/− mice mount greater T cell responses to an adenovirus encoding an adeno-associated virus capsid transgene. Upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, Cmah−/− mice make more lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus–specific T cells than WT mice, and these T cells are more polyfunctional. Therefore, a uniquely human glycosylation mutation, modeled in mice, leads to a more proliferative and active T cell population. These findings in a human-like mouse model have implications for understanding the hyperimmune responses that characterize some human diseases.
Sheltering Xenophobia
Authors: Sundstrom R.R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
What is xenophobia? Why is xenophobia immoral? How is xenophobia's conceptual and moral meaning diminished? Investigations of these questions would invigorate xenophobia as a topic in public morality and discourage the public's acquiescing to xenophobia's new prominence. This paper focuses on the third question, the diminishment of xenophobia. In the first section, I outline a general conception of xenophobia. In the second, I explain how theories of membership in liberal democratic societies relegate xenophobia to a minor moral concern. And, in the third, that the conflation of xenophobia with racism disadvantages the former. How liberal Democratic nations imagine membership (not surprisingly) and how those nations imagine racism (surprisingly) shelters xenophobia.
Why Asian Female Stereotypes Matter to All:
Authors: Lee Kyoo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Gender, race, ethnicity, class, religion, culture, etc., etc., etc…. How are we to rearticulate and retool those kaleidoscopic “problems” of social categories and identities each time differently, with different productivity, even as different “products”?—this capital, frontal problema, this “sufficient” bodily evidence in and of reality, “in front of you” and me &lt;https://webmail.psu.edu/webmail/blank.html#_edn1&gt;. Such is the broad philosophical force, background and foreground, of the questions I dwell on here if only briefly. What interests me in particular, just as an example if not exemplar, concerns the “Asian female” question, with which I happen to have some auto-ethnographical familiarity: the material specificity as well as translatability of some of the stereotypical identity markers of it categorically isolatable as such—I also show why a categorically responsive reflection matters, as my ultimate aim here is to advance a case for the social ontological centrality of this issue of Asian gender stereotypes to feminist and critical race theories.
The (M)other of All Posts:
Authors: Goswami Namita 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Paul Gilroy's subtle use of Theodor Adorno in Postcolonial Melancholia (2005) misses the opportunity to forge for the postcolonial world a sense of responsibility for the colonial cultures that this postcolonial world helped to create. Gilroy rightly emphasizes the naïveté often associated with attempts to “dwell convivially with difference” (5). His negatively dialectical reading of the deterministic logics of racial difference brings into view an already present demotic multiculturalism. He neglects, however, how Adorno's conception of negative dialectics can be understood as postcolonial in its understanding of difference. In other words, both Adorno and Gilroy focus on recuperating a conception of non-antagonistic difference, that is, an understanding of difference as heterogeneity. Yet, Gilroy maintains an a priori sense of cultural difference from Adorno in spite of Postcolonial Melancholia's trajectory of positing a negative dialectics of conviviality. This conviviality is the “fragile, emergent substance of vital planetary humanism” (79) that refuses to render postcoloniality synonymous with the maintenance of nation-state boundaries. Thus, Gilroy forfeits the prospect of conducting a radical postcolonial reading of Adorno, which would demonstrate precisely how colonial history provides “an opening onto the multicultural promise of the postcolonial world” (143).
The Political Theater of the Past: Visits by State Leaders to Archaeological and Historical Sites
Authors: Scham Sandra A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAs archaeologists, we have an interest in the signals being sent by politicians when they elect to appear with the Parthenon or the Pyramids as backdrops. It makes a difference as to how our work is received and interpreted by the public, but it may also determine how the site will fare afterward. In this article, the idea of the state visit as theatre is explored and archaeological and historical sites are discussed as backdrops against which texts are presented and subtexts are conveyed by performance.
Mieux saisir les outils actuariels : une analyse factorielle de la Statique-99R
Authors: Brouillette-Alarie Sébastien , Proulx Jean , Benbouriche Massil 
Published: May 2013

Une critique couramment formulée à l’encontre des outils actuariels statiques concerne leur incapacité à éclairer l’intervention, au regard de leurs fondements athéoriques. Dans la cadre d’un effort visant à nuancer cette critique, la présente étude a tenté d’identifier les construits théoriques présents dans la Statique-99R, l’échelle actuarielle de prédiction de la récidive des délinquants sexuels la plus utilisée. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire des items de l’instrument en a extrait trois facteurs : la délinquance sexuelle, la délinquance générale et le jeune âge. Une interprétation de ces facteurs en ce qui a trait aux dimensions psychologiques a été proposée : la délinquance sexuelle en tant qu’indicatrice de déviance sexuelle ou de préoccupations sexuelles et la délinquance générale en tant qu’indicatrice de traits antisociaux et/ou de psychopathie. Les limites et les implications pour de futures recherches sont discutées.
Helix–Coil Transition
Authors: Scheraga Harold A. , Mattice Wayne L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Polymers' functional properties and stability are often correlated with their chain conformation. Understanding the helix–coil conformational change, characteristic to many natural and synthetic polyamino acids, is important not only to establishing the polymer stability but also for revealing interactions and functions of native proteins. This article overviews practical aspects of investigating this transition (e.g, titration experiments, optical activity, and spectroscopic methods) and theoretical models providing phenomenological parameters such as the helix content as a function of temperature, pH, molecular weight, concentration. Examples of modeling the helix–coil transition for two representative classes of polymers, homopolymers, and random copolymers, are also included.
Clathrates
Authors: Tarallo Oreste 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPolymer clathrates are a fascinating class of crystalline host–guest compounds in which at least one component consists of a polymer species. In these compounds, the main component acts as the host, forming a cage‐like structure around the molecules of the guest. Polymer host–guest compounds can be distinguished in “polymer clathrates,” “crystalline polymer‐inclusion complexes,” “crystalline‐polymer molecular complex,” or “polymer intercalates.”Polymer clathratesare crystalline solids in which low molecular mass guest species are hosted inside cages or cavities of molecular size, generated by polymer chains.Crystalline polymer‐inclusion complexesare crystals comprising a polymer guest within a low molecular mass host whereascrystalline‐polymer molecular complexesare the crystalline molecular complex between different polymers. Finally,polymer intercalatesare sandwich‐type inclusion compounds in which the guest molecules are entrapped in between layers of closely packed polymer chains. In the present article, the crystal structure and the main features of the most studied systems of each class, together with those of the nanoporous polymer crystals (ie, a polymer crystal presenting empty volume elements that can host low molar mass guest species) that can be obtained by removing the low molar mass guest species from some polymer host–guest compounds, are discussed. A review of the most promising applications in material science and technology of this class of host–guest compounds is also presented.
Exciton and Polaron Quenching in Doping‐Free Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes from a Pt(II)‐Based Fast Phosphor
Authors: Wang Qi , Oswald Iain W. H. , Perez Michael R. , Jia Huiping , Gnade Bruce E. , Omary Mohammad A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBy introducing a neat Pt(II)‐based phosphor with a remarkably short decay lifetime, a simplified doping‐free phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with a forward viewing external quantum efficiency (EQE) and power efficiency of 20.3 ± 0.5% and 63.0 ± 0.4 lm W−1, respectively, is demonstrated. A quantitative analysis of how triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) and triplet‐polaron annihilation (TPA) affect the device EQE roll‐off at high current densities is performed. The contributions from loss of charge balance associated with charge leakage and field‐induced exciton dissociation are found negligible. The rate constants kTTA and kTPA are determined by time‐resolved photoluminescence experiments of a thin film and an electrically‐driven unipolar device, respectively. Using the parameters extracted experimentally, the EQE is modeled versus electric current characteristics of the OLEDs by taking both TTA and TPA into account. Based on this model, the impacts of the emitter lifetime, quenching rate constants, and exciton formation zone upon device efficiency are analyzed. It is found that the short lifetime of the neat emitter is key for the reduction of triplet quenching.