bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SNPgenotyping for detecting the ‘rare allele phenomenon’ in hybrid zones
Authors: Lammers Y. , Kremer D. , Brakefield P. M. , Groenenberg D. S. J. , Pirovano W. , Schilthuizen M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHybrid zones are regions where genetically distinct populations meet, mate and produce offspring. In such zones, genetically less compatible gene combinations are usually generated, resulting in reduced fitness, and hybrid zones are often maintained because of continuous removal of unfit genotypes, balanced by gene flow into the zone from the parental populations (and are then referred to as ‘tension zones’). Tension zones often display unexpectedly high frequencies of gene variants that are rare outside the zone. Previous work has shown that this ‘rare allele phenomenon’ is not the result of intragenic recombination or increased mutation rates. Further understanding of the population genetics of the phenomenon requires an approach in which both the numbers of individuals and the numbers of loci is increased. Here, we report an approach using a combination ofIllumina next‐generation sequencing and mass spectrophotometer genotyping to identify markers that may be used for genome‐wide investigations of the rare allele phenomenon. We test this approach on a hybrid zone in the land snailAlbinaria hippolytifrom Greece.
Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia), a controversial 21st century honey bee pathogen
Authors: Higes Mariano , Meana Aránzazu , Bartolomé Carolina , Botías Cristina , Martín‐Hernández Raquel 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe worldwide beekeeping sector has been facing a grave threat, with losses up to 100–1000 times greater than those previously reported. Despite the scale of this honey bee mortality, the causes underlying this phenomenon remain unclear, yet they are thought to be multifactorial processes. Nosema ceranae, a microsporidium recently detected in the European bee all over the world, has been implicated in the global phenomenon of colony loss, although its role remains controversial. A review of the current knowledge about this pathogen is presented focussing on discussion related with divergent results, trying to analyse the differences specially based on different methodologies applied and divisive aspects on pathology while considering a biological or veterinarian point of view. For authors, the disease produced by N. ceranae infection cannot be considered a regional problem but rather a global one, as indicated by the wide prevalence of this parasite in multiple hosts. Not only does this type of nosemosis causes a clear pathology on honeybees at both the individual and colony levels, but it also has significant effects on the production of honeybee products.
Multidisciplinary approach to fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung: A case report
Authors: Giusti Raffaele , Iacono Daniela , Ida Paris , Ruco Luigi , Marchetti Paolo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper reports a case of high‐grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma with particularly aggressive clinical and biological features in a 57‐year‐old man. Our patient first underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery, and was then treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Next, he had radiotherapy on the mediastinal region and prophylactic whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Following radiotherapy treatment, the patient started maintenance therapy with a somatostatin analogue. After 58 months of follow‐up he is asymptomatic and disease free.
Early thromboelastometric variables reliably predict maximum clot firmness in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a step towards earlier decision making
Authors: DIRKMANN D. , GÖRLINGER K. , DUSSE F. , KOTTENBERG E. , PETERS J. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundWhile much effort has been spent on guiding coagulation and transfusion therapy in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery, the use of conventional laboratory‐based coagulation tests is hampered by long turnaround times and interference with heparin and protamine. To allow faster assessment of maximum clot firmness (MCF) by point‐of‐care thromboelastometry (ROTEM®, TEM International GmbH, Munich, Germany), we tested whether clotting time (CT), clot formation time (CFT), or early values of clot firmness (CF) predict MCF.MethodsResults of 437 ROTEM® assays (EXTEM®, INTEM®, FIBTEM®, and HEPTEM®) from 84 patients undergoing CPB surgery were analyzed. Measurements were performed prior to and after heparin administration, as well as after protamine administration and CT, CFT, and CF after 5, 10, and 15 min (A5, A10, and A15) after initial clotting (CT) were related to MCF.StatisticsRegression and Bland–Altman analyses and receiver‐operating characteristics (ROCs).ResultsCFT (r = 0.87–0.95), A5 (r = 0.84−0.98; P < 0.0001), A10 (r = 0.86−0.98; P < 0.0001), and A15 (r = 0.86−0.98; P < 0.0001) demonstrated high correlation coefficients with MCF, whereas CT correlated weakly (r = 0.07−0.41). As expected, correlation coefficients increased with the time allowed to assess a specific variable. ROC analyses demonstrated excellent accuracy for CFT, A5, A10, and A15 [area under the curve (AUC): 0.9476−0.9931] to predict a subnormal MCF, whereas CT demonstrated poor accuracy (AUC: 0.5796−0.6774).ConclusionTaking into account specific bias, early values of CF (A5–A15) reliably predict maximum CF under all conditions and, therefore, allow for marked time savings in the interpretation of ROTEM® measurements. This may guide earlier and more specific treatment of CPB‐related coagulation disorders.
Fostering geospatial thinking in science education through a customisable smartphone application
Authors: Price Sara , Davies Paul , Farr William , Jewitt Carey , Roussos George , Sin George 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEnhanced capabilities of modern smartphones offer the potential to design tools that support new forms of teaching and learning. Increased access to mobile‐networked environments and geospatial systems provide opportunities for developing new educational experiences that support a geospatial approach to science, fostering new ways of thinking about science. However, designing effective innovative educational mobile applications remains a challenge. Applications need to be accessible to teachers that are not tech‐savvy as well as those that are, foster active learning pedagogies, enable flexible and creative use, as well as fit within the curriculum. This paper describes a smartphone application developed together with pre‐service science teachers, designed to be customisable by teachers while supporting a geospatial approach to science education. The design process and trial illustrate application use, how it supports a geospatial approach to science education and raises issues around mobile technologies, teacher pedagogies and adoption.
Endothelial stress products and coagulation markers in patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone: an observational study
Authors: Rosovsky Rachel , Hong Fangxin , Tocco Deanna , Connell Brendan , Mitsiades Constantine , Schlossman Robert , Ghobrial Irene , Lockridge Leslie , Warren Diane , Bradwin Gary , Doyle Mary , Munshi Nikhil , Soiffer Robert J. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Weller Edie , Richardson Paul 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIn this prospective study of patients with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM) treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, relationships between markers of endothelial stress and drug administration and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) were assessed. Of 33 enrolled patients, laboratory and treatment data were available for 32 patients. Of these, 23 received pulsed dexamethasone (40 mg/day on days 1–4, 9–12 and 17–21 of each 28‐day cycle) and 9 received weekly dexamethasone (40 mg/day on days 1, 8, 15 and 21 of each cycle). The overall incidence of VTE was 9%. A decreasing trend in markers values was observed with intercellular adhesion molecule (P = 0·05), fibrinogen (P = 0·008), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (P < 0·001), homocysteine (P = 0·002) and P–selectin (P < 0·001) during therapy. Compared with weekly dexamethasone, pulsed dexamethasone was associated with significantly greater variation in mean adjusted relative values of fibrinogen, P‐selectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (P < 0·001 for all comparisons), although there was no apparent association with VTE incidence. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone affects endothelial stress marker levels in patients with advanced MM. The higher variation seen with pulsed dexamethasone suggests greater endothelial stress with this approach.
Chemokines mediate ethanol-induced exacerbations of murine cockroach allergen asthma
Authors: Bouchard J C , Beal D R , Kim J , Vaickus L J , Remick D G 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAsthma imposes considerable patient and economic burdens, with the most severe cases causing the greatest affliction. Identifying stimuli that worsen asthma severity is an essential step to controlling both disease morbidity and the lessening economic impact. This study provides the first mechanistic investigation into how acute ethanol exposure will increase asthma severity in a murine model of mild cockroach allergen (CRA)-induced asthma. Outbred mice were sensitized to induce mild allergic asthma, with intratracheal CRA exposures on days 0 and 14. On day 21 mice were gavaged with water or 32% ethanol, and the third allergen exposure was given 30 min post-gavage. Asthmatic responses were measured at several time-points up to 42 h after the third allergen challenge. Ethanol-gavaged mice showed increased asthma severity within 90 min post-allergen challenge, with exacerbations lasting for 24 h. Ethanol caused greater airways obstruction, including an eightfold increase in epithelial cell mucin and increased mucus plugs, resulting in a 50% reduction in bronchiole patency. Ethanol gavage also induced significant increases in airways hyperreactivity. While T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines were not altered by ethanol gavage, pulmonary neutrophil and eosinophil recruitment were augmented. This increase was associated with increased chemokine production. Administration 2 h prior to ethanol gavage of a neutralizing antibody cocktail to keratinocyte-derived chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-2 prevented ethanol-induced eosinophil recruitment and airways hyperreactivity. These data provide evidence that acute alcohol exposure immediately prior to a mild allergen-triggered asthmatic episode will exacerbate asthma severity mediated by increased production of chemokines.
A corticoid-sensitive cytokine release assay for monitoring stress-mediated immune modulation
Authors: Feuerecker M , Mayer W , Kaufmann I , Gruber M , Muckenthaler F , Yi B , Salam A P , Briegel J , Schelling G , Thiel M , Choukèr A 
Published: December 2012

Summary
The human immune system is orchestrated in a complex manner and protects the host against invading organisms and controls adequate immune responses to different antigen challenges in an endo-, auto- and paracrine-regulated fashion. The variety and intensity of immune responses are known to be dependent on stress-sensitive neural, humoral and metabolic pathways. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test was a validated and standardized measure applied in clinical studies to monitor the integral function of cellular immune responses in vivo. The DTH skin test was, however, phased out in 2002. To obtain insight into the mechanisms of stress-sensitive immune reactions, we have developed an alternative in-vitro assay which allows the evaluation of antigen-dependent cellular immune responses triggered by T lymphocytes. The change in the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in supernatant of the blood–antigen mixture is of particular interest to mirror the degree and adequacy of cellular immune responses. In this study we report that the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α show a time-dependent increase upon ex-vivo bacterial, viral and fungal antigen stimulations. Furthermore, evidence is provided that this assay is sensitive to mirror stress hormone-mediated immune modulation in humans as shown either after hydrocortisone injection or after acute stress exposure during free fall in parabolic flight. This in-vitro test appears to be a suitable assay to sensitively mirror stress hormone-dependent inhibition of cellular immune responses in the human. Because of its standardization and relatively simple technical handling, it may also serve as an appropriate research tool in the field of psychoneuroendocrinology in clinical as in field studies.
Intimate partner violence and women's experiences of grief
Authors: Messing Jill Theresa , Mohr Rebeca , Durfee Alesha 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA greater understanding of women's emotional and behavioural responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) may be aided by an examination of the grief course. Women going through the process of leaving their abusers, like women leaving non‐violent partners, experience grief during and at the termination of their relationship, even if they feel relief at the cessation of violence. Through qualitative interviews with 14 female survivors ofIPV, we critically examine the utility ofKubler‐Ross' grief model to understand how women come to terms with their experiences of violence and the end of their violent relationships. Results suggest thatKubler‐Ross' model helps explain the emotional reactions and decision‐making ofIPVsurvivors in regard to staying, leaving and returning to their partners. While a model developed to explain grief due to death may not entirely explain the reactions ofIPVsurvivors going through the process of leaving abusive partners, and does not account for psychological reactions to trauma, social workers and mental‐health professionals can use this grief model as a framework to better tailor services to survivors ofIPV.
Cardiac power output and its response to exercise in athletes and non‐athletes
Authors: Klasnja Aleksandar V. , Jakovljevic Djordje G. , Barak Otto F. , Popadic Gacesa Jelena Z. , Lukac Damir D. , Grujic Nikola G. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryCardiac power output (CPO) is an integrative measure of overall cardiac function as it accounts for both, flow‐ and pressure‐generating capacities of the heart. The purpose of the present study was twofold: (i) to assess cardiac power output and its response to exercise in athletes and non‐athletes and (ii) to determine the relationship between cardiac power output and reserve and selected measures of cardiac function and structure. Twenty male athletes and 32 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy sedentary controls participated in this study. CPO was calculated as the product of cardiac output and mean arterial pressure, expressed in watts. Measures of hemodynamic status, cardiac structure and pumping capability were assessed by echocardiography. CPO was assessed at rest and after peak bicycle exercise. At rest, the two groups had similar values of cardiac power output (1·08 ± 0·2 W versus 1·1 ± 0·24 W, P>0·05), but the athletes demonstrated lower systolic blood pressure (109·5 ± 6·2 mmHg versus 117·2 ± 8·2 mmHg, P<0·05) and thicker posterior wall of the left ventricle (9·8 ± 1 mm versus 9 ± 1·1 mm, P<0·05). Peak CPO was higher in athletes (5·87 ± 0·75 W versus 5·4 ± 0·69 W, P<0·05) as was cardiac reserve (4·92 ± 0·66 W versus 4·26 ± 0·61 W, P<0·05), respectively. Peak exercise CPO and reserve were only moderately correlated with end‐diastolic volume (r = 0·54; r = 0·46, P<0·05) and end‐diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (r = 0·48; r = 0·42, P<0·05), respectively. Athletes demonstrated greater maximal cardiac pumping capability and reserve than non‐athletes. The study provides new evidence that resting measures of cardiac structure and function need to be considered with caution in interpretation of maximal cardiac performance.
Gender differences in the long‐term outcome of alcohol dependence treatments: An analysis of twenty‐year prospective follow up
Authors: Bravo Fabián , Gual Antoni , Lligoña Anna , Colom Joan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWomen are underrepresented in long‐term studies of alcohol dependence. While gender differences in drinking behaviour have been observed when starting treatment, very few studies have investigated gender differences in long‐term drinking outcomes. This paper evaluates gender differences in the long‐term outcome of patients treated for alcohol dependence.Design and MethodsA cohort of 850 outpatients (19% women, age 39 ± 9 years) treated for alcohol dependence in specialist centres of Catalonia (Spain) were followed up prospectively for 20 years. Covariance analysis was used to assess gender differences at 1, 5, 10 and 20 years in drinking behaviour, psychosocial stress and social functioning (Axes 4 and 5 of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised). We evaluated gender differences in drinking trajectories using a multilevel model controlling for basal differences.ResultsWomen started treatment earlier in their drinking career, with more symptoms of dependence. In the first year they remained in treatment longer and had more clinic visits. Women presented lower alcohol consumption than men at baseline, 5 and 10 years, and similar levels of stress and psychosocial functioning. When basal alcohol consumption, length of treatment and employment were controlled, female gender predicted less drinking at year 1 and a drinking trajectory closer to abstinence between 1 and 20 years.Discussion and ConclusionsIncreased severity of alcohol dependence in women starting treatment was not associated with a worse prognosis. Women did better while under treatment and achieved a better long‐term drinking outcome. Gender differences were not relevant concerning psychosocial stress and social functioning. [Fabián Bravo, Antoni Gual, Anna Lligoña, Joan Colom. Gender differences in the long‐term outcome of alcohol dependence treatments: An analysis of twenty‐year prospective follow up. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:381–388]
Explaining invasiveness from the extent of native range: new insights from plant atlases and herbarium specimens
Authors: Lavoie Claude , Shah Manzoor A. , Bergeron Alexandre , Villeneuve Paul 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimWe tested the relationship between the extent of the native range and the success (number of occurrences) in the introduced range of European vascular plant species naturalized in the province of Québec (Canada). We hypothesized that the performance of models linking native range size and species invasiveness can be improved if residence time and climate tolerance are taken into account.MethodsThe extent of the native range (Europe, Asia) was estimated using plant atlases. The number of occurrences in the introduced range (Québec) was estimated using the number of herbarium specimens stored in herbaria. Herbarium specimens were also used to obtain residence time. Plant hardiness was used as an indicator of the suitability of a species to the climate of the introduced range. Multiple linear regression models, corrected to take into account phylogenetic biases, were used to calculate correlations between the extent of the native range and the number of occurrences in the introduced range.ResultsThe larger the native distribution area in Eurasia, the greater the number of occurrences (herbarium specimens) in Québec. The shorter the residence time and the less hardy the plant, the fewer the number of occurrences. In all models tested, the phylogenetic structure explained a significant proportion of the variance, but its influence decreased as the number of species or area studied (Europe versus Eurasia) increased.Main conclusionsThe extent of the native range is a good explanatory variable for the invasion success of vascular plants, especially once other factors (residence time, climate tolerance, phylogeny) are taken into account. Thus, a model using these variables could be used by environmental managers to flag species warranting further investigation. With the emergence of online databases, gathering the required information is becoming easier and cheaper. As online databases continue to improve and new analytical tools are developed, this approach will become even more powerful.
Intellectual disability: population‐based estimates of the proportion attributable to maternal alcohol use disorder during pregnancy
Authors: O’LEARY COLLEEN , LEONARD HELEN , BOURKE JENNY , D’ANTOINE HEATHER , BARTU ANNE , BOWER CAROL 
Published: December 2012

Aim  The aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal alcohol use disorder and intellectual disability in children.Method  All mothers with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 and/or 10 alcohol‐related diagnosis, a proxy for alcohol use disorder, recorded on the Western Australian health, mental health, and drug and alcohol data sets were identified through the Western Australian Data Linkage Unit (n=5614 non‐Aboriginal; n=2912 Aboriginal). A comparison cohort of mothers without an alcohol‐related diagnosis was frequency matched on maternal age within maternal Aboriginal status and year of birth of their children. Linkage with the Western Australian Midwives Notification System (1983–2001) identified all births to these mothers (n=10 664 and 7907 respectively). Linkage to the Western Australian Intellectual Disability Database and Register of Developmental Anomalies identified cases of intellectual disability with no identified genetic origin (intellectual disability) (n=1487) and fetal alcohol syndrome (n=66). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for intellectual disability were calculated using logistic regression incorporating generalized estimating equations and used to estimate population‐attributable fractions.Results  At least 3.8% (95% CI 2.84–4.89%) of cases of intellectual disability could be avoided by preventing maternal alcohol use disorder: 1.3% (95% CI 0.81–1.86%) in non‐Aboriginal and 15.6% (95% CI 10.85–20.94%) in Aboriginal children. We observed a three‐fold increase in the adjusted odds of intellectual disability in children of mothers with an alcohol‐related diagnosis recorded during pregnancy (non‐Aboriginal OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.62–5.18; Aboriginal OR 3.12, 95% CI 2.13–4.56), with a net excess proportion of 3.7% and 5.5% respectively. One‐third (32%) of children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome had intellectual disability.Interpretation  Maternal alcohol use disorder is the leading known risk factor for intellectual disability with no identified genetic origin.