bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tecnologías de la información y comunicación en el sistema escolar. Una revisión de las líneas de investigación
Authors: Área Manuel 
Published: December 2014

Este artículo ofrece una clasificación de las distintas perspectivas y líneas de investigación que han analizado y evaluado los fenómenos vinculados con la incorporación y utilización de las tecnologías de las información y comunicación (TIC) en la los centros y aulas de los sistemas escolares. Se identifican cuatro grandes líneas de investigación: a) estudios sobre indicadores cuantitativos del grado de presencia de las TIC en los sistemas escolares; b) estudios sobre los efectos de los ordenadores en el aprendizaje escolar; c) estudios sobre las perspectivas, opiniones y actitudes de los agentes educativos hacia las TIC; y d) estudios sobre las prácticas de uso de ordenadores en los contexto escolares tanto de centro como de aula. Finaliza el artículo con una síntesis del conocimiento derivado de dichos estudios en torno a los fenómenos que acompañan a los programas y proyectos de incorporación de las TIC a los sistemas escolares.
Rendimiento académico y opinión sobre la docencia del alumnado participante en experiencias piloto de implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior
Authors: Molero López-Barajas David 
Published: December 2014

En este trabajo presentamos un estudio basado en el análisis de las calificaciones académicas y la valoración de la docencia en una muestra de estudiantes participantes en la experiencia piloto de implantación del crédito europeo en la titulación de Maestro Educación Musical. Detallamos las vías empleadas para evaluar al alumnado y los recursos utilizados para valorar la docencia, analizamos la existencia de diferencias entre las calificaciones del alumnado y la opinión sobre la docencia en dos grupos de estudiantes, unos pertenecientes a un sistema tradicional de enseñanza y otros participantes en la citada experiencia de implantación del crédito europeo.
El "contexto" y las "metas" y "objetivos" como elementos clave en la calidad de la atención a la diversidad en centros no universitarios
Authors: Muñoz Cantero Jesús Miguel , Casar Domínguez Luz Sandra , Abalde Paz Eduardo 
Published: December 2014

Actualmente existe un interés creciente por la calidad educativa y la atención a la diversidad. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de dos aspectos importantes: el “Contexto” en el que el centro debe de desarrollar su actividad y las “metas y objetivos” que un centro educativo debe definir para dar una respuesta de calidad a la diversidad. Analizaremos el grado de importancia para los profesores y el nivel de cumplimiento en los centros, a partir de los datos obtenidos en dos cuestionarios. El estudio se realizó con profesores de la provincia de A Coruña (España). En líneas generales podemos decir que los aspectos analizados son considerados importantes por los profesores como indicadores de calidad. Sin embargo, por el contrario, su nivel de cumplimiento en los centros es medio o bajo, lo que obliga a establecer medidas de mejora y correctores de estrategias.
Evaluación del impacto del esfuerzo formativo en la empleabilidad de los trabajadores en el contexto del modelo formativo tripartito español
Authors: Ramírez-del-Río Antonio , Garrido Casas Jorgina 
Published: December 2014

Se analiza la asociación entre cantidad de formación y empleabilidad mediante una investigación no experimental con dos grupos no equivalentes. Se considera que la operativización de la cantidad de formación proporciona un indicador próximo al esfuerzo formativo realizado. Así, se estudió la variable independiente esfuerzo formativo (número de cursos) y la dependiente, empleabilidad (indicadores de ocupación, enriquecimiento de actividad y desempeño). Los resultados muestran que la formación está asociada al enriquecimiento de la actividad, sobre todo si los trabajadores pertenecen a una PYME y/o a puestos técnicos o cualificados. También hay una asociación positiva entre formación y desempeño en PYMES.
Indicadores para la evaluación integral de la productividad académica en la educación superior
Authors: Martínez Castro María Estela , Coronado Ramírez Gerardo 
Published: December 2014

El artículo reporta resultados de la evaluación de la productividad académica practicada a tres departamentos de la Universidad de Guadalajara, en México, mediante la utilización de un esquema valorativo e interrelacionado de indicadores con el que se demuestra que es posible construir un método efectivo para identificar los niveles y el grado de equilibrio existente en la productividad académica en una institución de educación superior. La propuesta consiste en un sistema evaluativo que combina las principales áreas de actuación universitarias con criterios valorativos, lo que permitió la interpretación y el análisis de los datos para emitir juicios de valor y recomendaciones de una forma integrada; esto significa que se consideraron en conjunto los logros correspondientes en las áreas de investigación, extensión y docencia de los departamentos observados, bajo los criterios de efectividad, eficacia, eficiencia, suficiencia y actualización.
Enzyme Immobilization by Microencapsulation: Methods, Materials, and Technological Applications
Authors: Rother Christina , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMicroencapsulation as a major technique of enzyme immobilization is reviewed. Fabrication of enzyme‐containing microcapsules is broadly categorized according to whether a semipermeable membrane coating or a porous polymeric network structure is primarily responsible for enclosure of enzymes within the internal microcapsule phase. Microcapsules are mostly spherical with diameters usually in the micro‐ to millimeter range and exhibit core‐shell structures of variable complexity. Liposomes and vesicles formed from amphiphilic (co)‐polymers (polymersomes) are widely used to prepare membrane‐coated microcapsules. Hydrogels, sol–gels and other organic–inorganic hybrid materials, or layer‐by‐layer structures made through controlled assembly of polyelectrolytes are used to prepare microcapsules composed of internal polymeric networks. Method combination where polymeric network microcapsules are coated with a suitable membrane to generate tailored core‐shell structures is also used for enzyme encapsulation. Advances in the material sciences contribute to the development of microcapsules with improved properties such as enhanced morphological stability, reduced enzyme leakage, and designed physicochemical permeability and enzyme biocompatibility. Soluble enzymes, but also enzyme aggregates and other insoluble enzyme preparations, are encapsulated. Multienzyme microcapsules are interesting small‐scale bioreactors for confined and even compartmentalized cascade biotransformation. Techniques of microcapsule preparation are described, and applications of microencapsulated enzymes in biotechnology and biomedicine are discussed.
Solid‐State Fermentation, Microbial Growth Kinetics
Authors: Mitchell David A. , Stuart Deidre M. , Uludag‐Demirer Sibel , Tanner Robert D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn solid‐state fermentation, microorganisms grow on moist solid substrates in the absence of free water. The absence of free water makes the system quite different from submerged liquid fermentations and makes solid‐state fermentation superior for the production of some products.Understanding and modeling microbial growth kinetics and transport phenomena are essential to the development of large‐scale solid‐state fermentation technology. However, compared with submerged liquid fermentation, relatively little is known about the best ways to design and operate solid‐state fermentation bioreactors for large‐scale processes. This article summarizes the current state of development of modeling of solid‐state fermentation processes.
Shake Flask Technology
Authors: Winkler Katja , Socher Maria Lisa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor more than 150 years, shake flasks are used in research and development as reaction chambers for chemical and microbiological reactions. An uncountable number of experiments has been performed in shake flasks—a suitable tool for laboratory scale—and, therefore, a lot of data and knowledge was achieved. Owing to its simple but advantageous design, the shake—also called Erlenmeyer—flask represents an appropriate tool for cultivation of biomass in biotechnological laboratories. Recently, more engineering efforts have been performed to describe conditions in shake flasks such as gas transfer or power consumption. Further innovative approaches were developed to either enable larger shaking systems for production or monitor growth‐related parameters online, and at line. Moreover, disadvantages of this technology such as less regulation and controlling possibilities or limitations in gassing/degassing have to be taken into account.The focus of this article is to give fundamental information about the most important issues in shake flask technology for biotechnological applications. Starting with a short historical introduction, the authors highlight the most commonly used types of different flask and closure types, volumes, etc. Subsequently, functions and the introduction of important shaking‐related parameters such as shaking diameter and shaking frequency are given. Before ending up with the innovative potential of modern investigations concerning this significant technology, advantages and disadvantages of shake flask applications are discussed.
Facility Control of Microorganisms: Containment and Contamination
Authors: Crane Jonathan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article provides information related to the design of bioprocess facilities to control microorganisms. This includes both unwanted microorganisms (such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, including molds) that might contaminate the product and purposely generated organisms (such as virus or bacteria required for the production of a vaccine or therapeutic protein) that are part of the process of creating a new product. For the former, exclusion of the organism from the product is a key component in providing product quality. For the latter, containment of any pathogenic (disease‐causing) organism is critical for safety. In both cases, similar principles are utilized to create layered physical, engineering, and operational barriers to limit the movement of microorganisms within the facility and across the boundaries denoting the production or the containment zone. For facilities requiring containment, balancing the objective of contamination control for product quality and containment for safety can be a challenging aspect of the facility design and operations. This article will also address containment issues related to hazardous byproducts of microorganisms, such as toxins, that may be a component of the production process and may be regulated or have guidance for safety.
Tabu Search
Authors: Cole Smith Jonathan , Cochran James J. , Gendreau Michel , Potvin Jean‐Yves 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article provides an introductory treatment to tabu search, which is one of the most popular metaheuristic methods for solving difficult combinatorial optimization problems. Tabu search is based on local search, but attempts to avoid early termination at local optima, as these might have objective function values that are far inferior to the globally optimal one. Tabu search employs a limited memory of attributes of recent moves to avoid move reversals and looping and to guide the search procedure into unexplored areas of the solution space, thus improving the likelihood of finding a near‐optimal solution. We present the basic tabu search approach, discuss common enhancements with respect to implementing this method, and provide a brief review of sample applications to which tabu search has been effectively applied.
Set theoretic performance verification of low‐frequency learning adaptive controllers
Authors: Fravolini Mario L. , Yucelen Tansel , Campa Giampiero 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAlthough adaptive control has been used in numerous applications, the ability to obtain a predictable transient and steady‐state closed‐loop performance is still a challenging problem from the verification and validation standpoint. To that end, we considered a recently developed robust adaptive control methodology called low‐frequency learning adaptive control and utilized a set of theoretic analysis to show that the transitory performance of this approach can be expressed, analyzed, and optimized via a convex optimization problem based on linear matrix inequalities. This key feature of this design and analysis framework allows one to tune the adaptive control parameters rigorously so that the tracking error components of the closed‐loop nonlinear system evolve in a priori specified region of the state space whose size can be minimized by selecting a suitable cost function. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed verification and validation architecture showing the possibility of performing parametric studies to analyze the interplay between the size of the tracking error residual set and important design parameters such as the adaptation rate and the low‐pass filters time constant of the weights adaptation algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fault‐tolerant saturated control for switching discrete‐time systems with delays
Authors: Benzaouia Abdellah , Ouladsine Mustapha , Ananou Bouchra 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this paper, fault‐tolerant control problem for discrete‐time switching systems with delay and saturated input is studied. Sufficient conditions of building an observer are obtained by using multiple Lyapunov function. These conditions are worked out using cone complementarity technique, to obtain LMIs with slack variables and multiple weighted residual matrices. The obtained results are applied on a numerical example showing fault detection, localization of fault, and reconfiguration of the control to maintain asymptotic stability even in the presence of a permanent sensor fault and saturation on the control. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
External Trapping of Halomethyllithium Enabled by Flow Microreactors
Authors: Degennaro Leonardo , Fanelli Flavio , Giovine Arianna , Luisi Renzo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis work demonstrates that the accurate control of the reaction parameters realized within microreactor systems allowed for a taming of the reactivity of thermally unstable intermediates such as haloalkyllithiums. The first example of effective external trapping of a reactive carbenoid such as the chloromethyllithium is described. By using microreactor systems, a continuous flow synthesis of chloro alcohols and chloro amines could be achieved with high yields. By controlling the residence time the highly reactive chloromethyllithium could be generated and reacted with electrophiles at temperatures much higher than in batch‐mode and without internal quenching. The developed continuous‐flow process matches the requirements for sustainability.magnified image
Longitudinal improvement and stability of the SNOT‐22 survey in the evaluation of surgical management for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: DeConde Adam S. , Mace Jess C. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Rudmik Luke , Soler Zachary M. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundPatients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have significant quality‐of‐life (QOL) improvements following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). These improvements remain stable and persist between 6 months and 20 months as measured by the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index and the Chronic Sinusitis Survey. There has yet to be an evaluation of the longitudinal stability of the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) after ESS in patients with CRS.MethodsAdults with medically recalcitrant CRS who were considered surgical candidates were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study from February 2011 to February 2013. Baseline evaluation of subjects included assessment of clinical characteristics, measures of CRS‐specific disease severity, and QOL evaluation using the SNOT‐22. Subjects were then re‐evaluated at approximately 6‐month, 12‐month, and 18‐month intervals postoperatively. Data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni corrections for matched pairwise comparisons.ResultsA total of 110 patients completed baseline evaluations and follow‐up for all 3 postoperative time points. Significant improvement in SNOT‐22 scores was seen between baseline and 6 months across both SNOT‐22 total and subdomain scores (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the 6‐month, 12‐month, and 18‐month time points in the total SNOT‐22 score or its domains (p ≥ 0.125) for both the entire cohort or subgroups (p ≥ 0.077).ConclusionPostoperative improvement in CRS‐specific QOL and symptom severity, as measured by the SNOT‐22, suggest stability and durability between 6 months and 18 months. Further study on the longitudinal stability of the SNOT‐22 past the 18‐month time frame will help further refine clinical study of CRS and provide further understanding of temporal improvements following ESS.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cyclative Capture Approach to Diverse 1‐Aminoindoline Derivatives at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhao Dongbing , Vásquez‐Céspedes Suhelen , Glorius Frank 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA RhIII‐catalyzed C–H activation/cyclative capture approach, involving a nucleophilic addition of C(sp3)–Rh species to polarized double bonds is reported. This constitutes the first intermolecular catalytic method to directly access 1‐aminoindolines with a broad substituent scope under mild conditions.
Improved antifouling properties of TiO2/PVDF nanocomposite membranes in UV‐coupled ultrafiltration
Authors: Moghadam Maryam Tavakol , Lesage Geoffroy , Mohammadi Toraj , Mericq Jean‐Pierre , Mendret Julie , Heran Marc , Faur Catherine , Brosillon Stephan , Hemmati Mahmud , Naeimpoor Freshteh 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was modified by dispersing titanium oxide (TiO2) particles in a PVDF solution. PVDF flat‐sheet membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method. This study investigates the potential low‐fouling properties of these composite membranes during filtration, in darkness or under UV irradiation, of pure water and foulants representative of those found in membrane bioreactor processes: commercial bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein and real soluble extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The experimental results indicate that nanocomposite membrane has a structure with longer and larger macrovoid than neat PVDF membranes resulting in higher water flux performances. These higher flux performances were also due to an increase in surface hydrophilicity because of the presence of TiO2 particles. Moreover, such membranes are less prone to adsorption by BSA and present self‐cleaning ability under static irradiation. During filtration of BSA and EPS without UV irradiation, nanocomposite membranes presented a little flux decline and reached stabilization more rapidly in comparison with PVDF membranes. Moreover, simultaneous UV irradiation during ultrafiltration has a benefit effect only on nanocomposite membranes for which initial flux was increased. Hydrophilic properties of nanocomposite membranes lead to better retention performances of BSA and EPS, which are still improved under UV irradiation. Finally, nanocomposite membranes under UV irradiation presented the best flux recovery ratio confirming their antifouling property. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41731.
Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Tenosynovitis in the Hand and Wrist in Early Arthritis
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Wouter P. , Krabben Annemarie , Stomp Wouter , Huizinga Tom W. J. , van der Heijde Désirée , Bloem Johan L. , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M. , Reijnierse Monique 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method to detect inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), visualizing synovitis, bone marrow edema, and tenosynovitis. The prevalence of MRI‐detected tenosynovitis and its diagnostic value in early arthritis are unclear. This study was undertaken to identify the frequency of MRI‐detectable tenosynovitis at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and wrist joints in early arthritis and the association of these with RA and the severity of RA.MethodsA total of 178 patients with early arthritis underwent unilateral 1.5T extremity MRI at baseline. The MCP and wrist joints were scored using the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring system and Haavardsholm's tenosynovitis score. Sixty‐nine patients fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 classification criteria for RA during the first year and were compared with the non‐RA patients. Among the RA patients, comparisons were made with regard to anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positivity and radiographic progression during year 1.ResultsOf all patients, 65% had MRI‐detected tenosynovitis. RA patients had tenosynovitis more often than non‐RA patients (75% versus 59%; P = 0.023). The flexor tendons at MCP5 and the extensor tendons at MCP2 and MCP4 and in extensor compartment I of the wrist were more frequently affected in RA patients than in other patients (odds ratios 2.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2–7.0], 9.1 [95% CI 1.9–42.8], 14.2 [95% CI 1.7–115.9], and 4.0 [95% CI 1.4–11.1], respectively). These associations were independent of local MRI synovitis. Specificities were all ≥82%. Within the group of RA patients, tenosynovitis scores were not associated with ACPA positivity or radiographic progression.ConclusionMRI‐detected tenosynovitis is commonly seen in early arthritis. The flexor tendons at MCP5, the extensor tendons at MCP2 and MCP4, and the first extensor compartment of the wrist are more often affected in RA, independent of local synovitis.
Analysis of Oxygen Transport in Cathode Catalyst Layer of Low‐Pt‐Loaded Fuel Cells
Authors: Choo Min‐Ju , Oh Keun‐Hwan , Park Jung‐Ki , Kim Hee‐Tak 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOxygen transport resistance, one of the causes of large polarization in the cathode catalyst layer (CL), is intensified in low‐Pt‐loaded polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In order to explore operation strategies and cathode design to mitigate the large oxygen transport resistance of low‐Pt‐loaded fuel cells, the influence of operating conditions and ionomer structure on oxygen transport in the CL is investigated. Remarkably, the oxygen transport resistance data for different operation conditions and ionomer structures lie on a single curve when they are plotted as a function of the water partial pressure of the feed. At a high water partial pressure of 80 kPa, the oxygen transport resistance of the low‐Pt‐loaded CL (0.14±0.03 mg−Pt cm−2) becomes comparable to that of the high‐Pt‐loaded CL (0.40±0.04 mg−Pt cm−2) as a result of the opposing influences of Pt loading on Knudsen and ionomer film diffusion. This emphasizes the importance of the water uptake in the ionomer film for reducing oxygen transport in the CL. From a fuel cell design perspective, the operation strategy and CL design to maintain high water partial pressure in the cathode CL are extremely important for realizing low‐Pt‐loaded fuel cells.