bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer‐testis antigens PRAME and NY‐ESO‐1 correlate with tumour grade and poor prognosis in myxoid liposarcoma
Authors: Iura Kunio , Kohashi Kenichi , Hotokebuchi Yuka , Ishii Takeaki , Maekawa Akira , Yamada Yuichi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Iwamoto Yukihide , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMyxoid liposarcoma is the second most common liposarcoma. Although myxoid liposarcoma is relatively chemosensitive and thus a good candidate for chemotherapy, cases with relapsed or metastatic disease still have poor outcome. Here, we performed a gene microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in six clinical myxoid liposarcoma samples and three normal adipose tissue samples, and to identify molecular biomarkers that would be useful as diagnostic markers or treatment targets in myxoid liposarcoma. This showed that the cancer‐testis antigen PRAME was up‐regulated in myxoid liposarcoma. We then performed immunohistochemical, western blotting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses to quantify the expression of PRAME and another cancer‐testis antigen, NY‐ESO‐1, in clinical samples of myxoid liposarcoma (n = 93), dedifferentiated (n = 46), well‐differentiated (n = 32) and pleomorphic liposarcomas (n = 14). Immunohistochemically, positivity for PRAME and NY‐ESO‐1 was observed in 84/93 (90%) and 83/93 (89%) of the myxoid liposarcomas, and in 20/46 (43%) and 3/46 (7%) of the dedifferentiated, 3/32 (9%) and 1/32 (3%) of the well‐differentiated and 7/14 (50%) and 3/21 (21%) of the pleomorphic liposarcomas, respectively. High immunohistochemical expression of PRAME and/or NY‐ESO‐1 was significantly correlated with tumour diameter, the existence of tumour necrosis, a round‐cell component of >5%, higher histological grade and advanced clinical stage. High PRAME and NY‐ESO‐1 expression correlated significantly with poor prognosis in a univariate analysis. The myxoid liposarcomas showed significantly higher protein and mRNA expression levels of PRAME and NY‐ESO‐1 (CTAG1B) than the other liposarcomas. In conclusion, PRAME and NY‐ESO‐1 (CTAG1B) were expressed in the vast majority of myxoid liposarcomas, and their high‐level expression correlated with tumour grade and poor prognosis. Our results support the potential use of PRAME and NY‐ESO‐1 as ancillary parameters for differential diagnosis and as prognostic biomarkers, and indicate that the development of immunotherapy against these cancer‐testis antigens in myxoid liposarcoma would be warranted.
Anatomical evidence that the uninjured adjacent L4 nerve plays a significant role in the development of peripheral neuropathic pain after L5 spinal nerve ligation in rats
Authors: Shehab Safa , Anwer Mehwish , Galani Divya , Abdulkarim Afaf , Al‐Nuaimi Khuloud , Al‐Baloushi Abdullah , Tariq Saeed , Nagelkerke Nico , Ljubisavljevic Milos 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTRats develop hyperalgesia and allodynia in the hind paw after L5 spinal nerve ligation. Phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) was used as a pain marker to investigate the potential role of adjacent uninjured L4 nerve in the development of heat hyperalgesia after L5 nerve injury. Left L5 nerve was ligated and sectioned in rats. Three days later, rats were randomly assigned to five groups; each had both hind paws immersed in water at different temperatures (no heat, 37, 42, 47, and 52°C) under sevoflurane anesthesia for 2 minutes. Five minutes after stimulation the rats were sacrificed and sections of L3–L6 spinal segments were stained immunocytochemically with pERK antibody. pERK immunoreactivity, which is not detectable in the normal spinal cord, was discernible in neurons (not glia) of the superficial dorsal horn after noxious heat stimuli. pERK‐positive neurons clearly overlapped in laminae I–II with normal unmyelinated and thin myelinated afferents labeled with calcitonin gene‐related peptide and isolectin B4, and injured unmyelinated afferents labeled with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. There was a linear increase in pERK immunoreactivity on both sides with an increase in temperature. Importantly, the number of positive pERK neurons was significantly higher in the ipsilateral side of L4 spinal segment, which receives innervation from uninjured L4 nerve, compared with the contralateral control side, which receives both uninjured L4 and L5 spinal nerves. The data demonstrate that the uninjured L4 nerve plays an important role in the development of heat hyperalgesia at the spinal cord level after L5 nerve injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1731–1747, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation of Time‐Resolved Phenomena in Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering of the Photocatalytic Reduction of p‐Nitrothiophenol
Authors: van Schrojenstein Lantman E. M. , de Peinder P. , Mank A. J. G. , Weckhuysen B. M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Bert Weckhuysen (Utrecht University, The Netherlands). The image outlines the experimental approach taken. Single Ag nanoparticles (grey) are deposited on a self‐assembled monolayer of­ p‐nitrothiophenol (pNTP, red) assembled on a flat Au substrate (yellow). The monolayer of pNTP can be reduced to p,p’‐dimercaptoazobisbenzene (DMAB) through photocatalysis over plasmonic nanoparticles. By using a laser excitation of 785 nm (yellow arrow) the coupled plasmons of Au and Ag are excited and give sufficient surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enhancement effect to observe dynamics and kinetics over single nanoparticle hotspots. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201402709.
Towards High‐Energy‐Density Pseudocapacitive Flowable Electrodes by the Incorporation of Hydroquinone
Authors: Boota M. , Hatzell K. B. , Kumbur E. C. , Gogotsi Y. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study reports an investigation of hydroquinone (HQ) as a multielectron organic redox molecule to enhance the performance of flowable electrodes. Two different methods to produce high‐performance pseudocapacitive flowable electrodes were investigated for electrochemical flow capacitors. First, HQ molecules were deposited on carbon spheres (CSs) by a self‐assembly approach using various HQ loadings. In the second approach, HQ was used as a redox‐mediating agent in the electrolyte. Flowable electrodes composed of HQ showed a capacitance of 342 F g−1, which is >200 % higher than that of flowable electrodes based on nontreated CSs (160 F g−1), and outperformed (in gravimetric performance) many reported film electrodes. A similar trend in capacitance was observed if HQ was used as a redox agent in the electrolyte; however, its poor cycle life restricted further consideration. In addition, a twofold increase in capacitance was observed under flow conditions compared to that of previous studies.
Enabling Catalytic Oxidation of Li2O2 at the Liquid–Solid Interface: The Evolution of an Aprotic Li–O2 Battery
Authors: Feng Ningning , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe show that by using a suitable soluble redox mediator, the charging overpotential can be reduced and the round‐trip efficiency can be improved in an aprotic Li–O2 battery. Not only do we explore a new redox couple, 10‐methyl‐10H‐phenothiazine, as a soluble catalyst that improves the electrochemical performance, but we also propose possible challenges that need to be overcome for the future improvement of aprotic Li–O2 batteries.
Inter‐rater agreement of sputum cytology for lung cancer screening in Japan
Authors: Endo Chiaki , Nakashima Ryutaro , Taguchi Akemi , Yahata Kazunobu , Kawahara Ei , Shimagaki Nikako , Kamio Junko , Saito Yasuki , Ikeda Norihiko , Sato Masami 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundTo compare lung cancer detection rate by sputum cytology, we need some assurance that the estimates do not vary widely if different observers evaluate the same specimens. The aim of this study was to determine inter‐rater agreement of sputum cytology diagnoses.MethodsSlides of sputum cytology from 150 subjects were selected from a pool of slides held by six of the laboratories that had participated in a population‐based lung cancer screening program over the last ten years in Japan. The cytotechnologists in these laboratories had considerable experience with sputum cytology. Each case was re‐evaluated six times. Cases that were diagnosed as the same category by all six laboratories were selected as consensus cases to serve as standardized sputum cytology cases. Thirty‐seven cytotechnologists with various levels of experience in sputum cytology then re‐evaluated these consensus cases. Inter‐rater agreement was calculated by kappa statistics including Fleiss' kappa.ResultsAll pairs of interlaboratory agreement for the 150 cases showed statistically significant kappa values, most pairs showing substantial agreement. Fleiss' kappa value across the six laboratories was 0.5. Fourteen cases were identified as the consensus cases, and the agreement among observers with less experience of sputum cytology showed significantly lower than the agreement among those with considerable experience (Fleiss' kappa value 0.27 vs. 0.45, P < 0.05). Moreover, cytotechnologists with less experience under‐diagnosed the slides significantly more often than those with considerable experience.ConclusionWhen the observers have considerable experience with sputum cytology, inter‐observer agreement is good. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:545–550. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex differences in psychosocial impairment associated with eating disorder features in adolescents: A school‐based study
Authors: Bentley Caroline , Gratwick‐Sarll Kassandra , Harrison Carmel , Mond Jonathan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine sex differences in psychosocial impairment associated with eating disorder features (EDF) in adolescents.MethodQuestionnaires that assessed EDF (extreme dietary restriction, objective binge eating, subjective binge eating, purging, excessive exercise, and weight/shape overvaluation) and psychosocial impairment (general psychological distress and quality of life) were completed by a school‐based sample of adolescent males (n = 531) and females (n = 1135) in the Australian Capital Territory region of Australia.ResultsEach of the EDF assessed was associated with significant impairment in both male and female participants and this was the case for measures of both general psychological distress and quality of life, the only exception being that subjective binge eating was associated with elevated levels of distress in girls but not boys. The occurrence of subjective binge eating was associated with greater impairment in quality of life in girls than in boys. Otherwise, the effects of EDF on psychosocial functioning did not differ by sex. The prevalence of most EDF was higher in girls than in boys, although EDF were not uncommon in boys.DiscussionThere appear to be few differences between male and female adolescents in terms of psychosocial impairment associated with EDF. The findings support the need for preventive interventions that seek to reduce the adverse impact of EDF in both boys and girls. The logistic and policy challenges inherent in such efforts warrant greater consideration. Further research is needed to elucidate the help‐seeking behavior of young men with EDF who experience psychosocial impairment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:633–640)
Temperature and zooplankton size structure: climate control and basin‐scale comparison in the North Pacific
Authors: Chiba Sanae , Batten Sonia D. , Yoshiki Tomoko , Sasaki Yuka , Sasaoka Kosei , Sugisaki Hiroya , Ichikawa Tadafumi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe global distribution of zooplankton community structure is known to follow latitudinal temperature gradients: larger species in cooler, higher latitudinal regions. However, interspecific relationships between temperature and size in zooplankton communities have not been fully examined in terms of temporal variation. To re‐examine the relationship on a temporal scale and the effects of climate control thereon, we investigated the variation in copepod size structure in the eastern and western subarctic North Pacific in 2000–2011. This report presents the first basin‐scale comparison of zooplankton community changes in the North Pacific based on a fully standardized data set obtained from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey. We found an increase in copepod community size (CCS) after 2006–2007 in the both regions because of the increased dominance of large cold‐water species. Sea surface temperature varied in an east–west dipole manner, showing the typical Pacific Decadal Oscillation pattern: cooling in the east and warming in the west after 2006–2007. The observed positive correlation between CCS and sea surface temperature in the western North Pacific was inconsistent with the conventional interspecific temperature–size relationship. We explained this discrepancy by the geographical shift of the upper boundary of the thermal niche, the 9°C isotherm, of large cold‐water species. In the eastern North Pacific, the boundary stretched northeast, to cover a large part of the sampling area after 2006–2007. In contrast, in the western North Pacific, the isotherm location hardly changed and the sampling area remained within its thermal niche throughout the study period, despite the warming that occurred. Our study suggests that while a climate‐induced basin‐scale cool–warm cycle can alter copepod community size and might subsequently impact the functions of the marine ecosystem in the North Pacific, the interspecific temperature–size relationship is not invariant and that understanding region‐specific processes linking climate and ecosystem is indispensable.
Photoinduced Rearrangement of Aryl‐Substituted Acylcyclohexasilanes
Authors: Haas Michael , Fischer Roland , Schuh Lukas , Saf Robert , Torvisco Ana , Stueger Harald 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the present study, we examined photochemical transformations of acylcyclohexasilanes (Me3Si)2Si6Me12(Me3Si)COR (compounds 1) with aromatic substituents attached to the carbonyl C atom. When photolyzed at wavelengths above 300 nm in hydrocarbon solvents, 1a–c (1a: R = o‐Tol; 1b: R = 2,3‐Me2C6H3; 1c: R = 2,4‐Me2C6H3) afforded the previously unknown eight‐membered heterocyclopolysilanes 3a–c, which feature endocyclic Si=C double bonds with remarkable selectivity. If two ortho‐alkyl groups are present at the aromatic ring (compounds 1d–f), the primary products of type 3 (3d: R = Mes; 3e: R = 1,6‐Me2C6H3; 3f: R = 2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2) are photochemically unstable and undergo intramolecular C–H‐bond addition reactions of a ortho‐CH3 group to the Si=C double bond, which leads to the formation of spirobenzocyclobutenes. When photolysis was performed in the presence of methanol, the expected 1,2‐addition products (compounds 4) of the Si=C double bond were obtained quantitatively in all cases. 4a (R = o‐Tol) and 4b (R = Mes) were isolated by crystallization from acetone and fully characterized spectroscopically and by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Interestingly 4b was obtained as an isomeric mixture arising from syn and anti addition of methanol to the endocyclic Si=C bond, whereas the syn addition was observed exclusively in the case of 4a.
Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Cyclopropylacetaldehyde Derivatives to Nitro Olefins: en Route to β‐ and γ‐Amino Acids
Authors: Kaasik Mikk , Noole Artur , Reitel Kärt , Järving Ivar , Kanger Tõnis 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCyclopropane‐containing amino acids are important pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds. A new organocatalytic asymmetric Michael reaction has been developed. This allows the one‐step introduction of the cyclopropane ring, as well as two different nitrogen‐containing functional groups (tert‐butoxycarbonylamino and nitro) into the target compounds. All the products were isolated in good yields with moderate to excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
Chitosan: An Upgraded Polysaccharide Waste for Organocatalysis
Authors: Mahé Olivier , Brière Jean‐François , Dez Isabelle 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGreen chemistry, directed towards the sustainable adaptation of human activity, is part of our society. Catalysis and waste upgrading are central aspects of green chemistry. Bringing them together would afford efficient chemical processes from the point of view of sustainability. Chitosan is a polyglucosamine generated from chitin, an abundant polysaccharide recycled from industrial marine wastes. Organocatalysts show some advantages over metallocatalysts in that they do not involve non‐renewable rare metals. However, they have drawbacks such as the need for high loadings and difficulties of recovery. This microreview presents recent achievements in the field of organocatalytic reactions promoted by chitosan as a heterogeneous catalytic material. Various organic reactions are reported, in which chitosan is engaged either as an insoluble organocatalyst or as a support for organocatalysts, being easily recycled and reused. Influences on the reaction outcomes are discussed. Although most reactions produce achiral products, a few asymmetric ones have emerged, demonstrating the capacity of chitosan to transfer its stereochemical information.
FeCl3‐Catalyzed SF5‐Containing Quinoline Synthesis: Three‐Component Coupling Reactions of SF5‐Anilines, Aldehydes and Alkynes
Authors: Mi Xueling , Chen Jing , Xu Lijin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlthough the pentafluorosulfanyl group was regarded as a “substituent of the future” due to its unique structural and electronic features and potential medicinal properties, there are still a very limited number of methods to accesses SF5‐containing heterocycles. Herein, we present an efficient one‐pot tandem SF5‐quinoline synthetic method. Iron(III) was employed as the catalyst for the three‐component coupling reaction of SF5‐anilines, aldehydes and alkynes. The reaction was performed in the presence of air and a series of 6‐ or 7‐SF5‐substituted quinolines were obtained in good yields.
A multiscale control volume finite element method for advection–diffusion equations
Authors: Bochev Pavel , Peterson Kara , Perego Mauro 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWe present a new stabilized method for advection–diffusion equations, which combines a control volume FEM formulation of the governing equations with a novel multiscale approximation of the total flux. The latter incorporates information about the exact solution that cannot be represented on the mesh. To define this flux, we solve the governing equations along suitable mesh segments under the assumption that the flux varies linearly along these segments. This procedure yields second‐order accurate fluxes on the edges of the mesh. Then, we use curl‐conforming elements of the same order to lift these edge fluxes into the mesh elements. In so doing, we obtain a stabilized control volume FEM formulation that is second‐order accurate and does not require mesh‐dependent stabilization parameters. Numerical convergence studies on uniform and nonuniform grids along with several standard advection tests illustrate the computational properties of the new method. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A hybrid numerical method for the phase‐field model of fluid vesicles in three‐dimensional space
Authors: Shin Jaemin , Jeong Darae , Li Yibao , Choi Yongho , Kim Junseok 
Published: January 2015

SummaryWe propose an accurate and robust numerical method for the phase‐field model of fluid vesicles. An equilibrium shape of fluid vesicle is obtained by minimizing the bending energy with volume and surface area constraints. We propose a hybrid numerical scheme that combines the Lagrange multiplier and penalty methods for two constraints. The numerical method is based on a nonlinearly stabilized splitting scheme and a direct volume correction algorithm. A large penalty constant is generally required; however, it does not guarantee that the surface area converges to a given value. Thus, we propose an adaptive constraint algorithm for the penalty method. Various numerical examples are performed to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pinocembrin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase expression in chondrocytes
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Huang Bo , Xiong Chengjie , Yue Zhou 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, affects millions of people worldwide. The degradation of extracellular matrix induced by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is an important cause of cartilage destruction. Pinocembrin (PB) is one of the primary flavonoids abundant in propolis and extracted as a pure compound. The protective effects of PB in OA have not been reported before. In this study, we found that PB inhibits the expression of MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐13 at both mRNA levels and protein levels in human chondrocytes. Importantly, the results of luciferase reporter assay indicated that tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) induced the activation of nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) was inhibited by the treatment with PB. It is also shown that TNF‐α‐induced p65 nuclear translocation was blocked by the treatment with PB. Mechanistically, PB treatment significantly inhibited TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation and degradation of the NF‐κB inhibitor IκBα in human chondrocytes. These results suggest a potential protective effect of PB in OA. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(1):36–41, 2015
THE NATURE OF ESSAY GRADES IN LAW SCHOOL1
Authors: Klein Stephen P. , Hart Frederick M. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe same one‐hour essay question was included in the final examinations in the Contracts course at 16 law schools. The professor (P) at each school sent to ETS five answers from his class. A Xerox copy of the set of 80 answers was then sent to each P who graded them on a five‐point scale. An analysis of these grades indicated that: (1) the students were consistent in their performance on different essays since grades on the common question (CQ) correlated .71 with their grades in the course, (2) the professors agreed with each other highly in how the papers should be graded (the intraclass correlation was .58 and the reliability of the mean grades across all Ps was .96), and (3) the average grade on the CQ was significantly related to a number of other variables such as LSAT scores (.45), Handwriting quality (.25), the Length of the answer (.56), and first‐year GPA in law school (.62). The average grades assigned to the papers by two laymen and the combination of LSAT and Length correlated .63 and .68, respectively, with the Ps' average grade on the CQ. The implications of these findings are discussed.
A TWO STAGE DECISION APPROACH TO THE SELECTION PROBLEM
Authors: Rock Donald A. , Barone John L. , Boldt Robert F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA mathematical solution to the two stage selection problem was developed which only requires predictor criterion intercorrelations and selection ratio information. Cutting scores on the first stage test are so determined that some individuals are (a) accepted after the first stage, (b) rejected after the first stage, (c) decision withheld, that is, the decision to accept or reject is postponed until the second stage. The upper and lower cutting scores from stage one, z″1and z′1respectively, and the cutting score at the second stage z2.1where z2.1= F(z1); and z′1≦ z1≦z″1are located such that the expected value on the criterion for accepted applicants is maximized subject to the restraint imposed by the selection ratio. Theoretical solutions developed on the computer suggest that considerable amount of testing time may be saved with little or no decrease in the validity of the selection procedure for all values of the selection ratios.