bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties and validation of the Italian version of the Mainz pain staging system as a tool for pain‐patients referral selection
Authors: Samolsky Dekel Boaz G. , Gori Alberto , Vasarri Alessio , Adversi Marco , Di Nino GianFranco , Melotti Rita M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesIndications are lacking on which patient to refer to pain facilities. Pain‐chronicity stage and outcome prognosis may be used for such aims. The Mainz pain‐staging system (MPSS) classifies pain patients in three chronicity stages that respectively require more extensive management. We explored the psychometric and validation properties of its Italian version towards its application as screening/referral tool.MethodsI‐MPSS was administered to n = 120 mixed non–cancer‐pain outpatients. Psychometric analyses and formal validation included: content validity, by assessing the hypothesis of an existing relationship between the I‐MPSS classes and criteria derived from an operational case definition of chronic pain; construct validity, by principle component analysis (PCA); the autonomous construct of the I‐MPSS was assessed by the strength of the Spearman correlation between its classes and the brief pain inventory (BPI) items; and reliability, by applying Cronbach's alpha statistics. Associations between psychosocial moderators and the I‐MPSS were assessed applying χ2 analyses.ResultsQuantitative and qualitative analyses showed significant differences between I‐MPSS classes for health care and drug utilization; BPI item scores significantly differed between the classes; Spearman correlation between I‐MPSS classes and BPI items was mostly moderate or mild. PCA and scree test identified four components accounting for 63.7% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.842.ConclusionsThe I‐MPSS showed satisfactory psychometric and validation properties. With adequate feasibility, it enabled the screening of mixed non–cancer‐pain outpatients in three chronicity/prognostic stages. Results are sufficient to warrant its use for a subsequent impact study as a prognostic model and screening tool for referring pain patients.
A Community‐Based Model for Remediating Juveniles Adjudicated Incompetent to Stand Trial: Feedback from Youth, Attorneys, and Judges
Authors: Jackson Shelly L. , Warren Janet I. , Coburn Jessica Jones 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study examined client satisfaction with a community‐based restoration services program for youth adjudicated incompetent to stand trial in Virginia. The sample consisted of 130 youth (ages 8‐21 years), 80 attorneys, and 43 juvenile court judges. Youth overwhelming found restoration services helpful to them, although some concepts were harder to learn than others. Both judges and attorneys were generally knowledgeable about juvenile competency law, although both were less knowledgeable about competency evaluators and the services provided to youth. Results will be used to improve teaching tools, training of Restoration Counselors, and communication between program providers and the legal community.
Nurses' stories of a ‘Fairy Garden’ healing haven for sick children
Authors: van der Riet Pamela , Jitsacorn Chaweewan , Junlapeeya Piyatida , Dedkhard Saowapa , Thursby Peter 
Published: June 2014

Aims and objectivesTo report on the stories of registered nurses and nurse administrators in a Thai hospital that recently constructed a healing haven environment called a ‘Fairy Garden’ to support the formal and informal activities of sick children.BackgroundWhile there has been some research into healing environments in health for adults, there has been no qualitative research into healing environments such as natural gardens for children.DesignNarrative inquiry was selected to capture the holistic notion of the participant's experience. Clandinin's narrative inquiry framework involving three dimensions sociality, space and temporality was used to analyse the data.MethodsEight nurses (including two head nurses, three ward nurses and three nurse administrators) were interviewed in three separate focus groups between November 2011–June 2012.ResultsFindings included storylines/threads of happiness, relaxation and calmness, imagination, spirituality and cooperation in reporting observed responses of sick children to the ‘Fairy Garden’. Importantly, play was seen as a distractor from the children's pain and illness, with the children's ward no longer viewed as simply a clinical hospital site. Rather the opportunities that were afforded to children to interact with the ‘Fairy Garden’ environment expanded their hospital experience to include play, social interaction and educational activities.ConclusionThe Nurses' stories capture numerous storylines and threads in which the ‘Fairy Garden’ becomes an environment beyond the constraints of the hospital ward. Storylines indicate increased acceptance and adherence to treatment as the ‘Fairy Garden’ opens up alternatives for children, especially those children long term in the hospital. Children exhibit behaviours that suggest the ‘Fairy Garden’ supports psycho‐social and physical benefits that improve their hospital stay and provide potential for improved clinical outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceDesigned hospital environments need to consider the addition of natural and activity spaces to support sick children and their families. Reports from nurses caring for children indicate benefits of the natural environment outside the clinical area.
Reinsurance and Systemic Risk: The Impact of Reinsurer Downgrading on Property–Casualty Insurers
Authors: Park Sojung Carol , Xie Xiaoying 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article analyzes the interconnectedness between reinsurers and U.S. property–casualty (P/C) insurers and presents the first detailed examination on the likely impact of major global reinsurer insolvency on the U.S. P/C insurance industry, in order to illustrate the potential systemic risk caused by the interconnectedness of the insurance sector through reinsurance. We find that the likelihood of a primary insurer's downgrade increases with its reinsurance default risk exposure from downgraded reinsurers. Counterparty primary insurers' stocks also react negatively to their reinsurers' downgrades. The negative effects also spill over to insurers that are not directly exposed to the credit risk of downgraded reinsurers. Despite the close interconnectedness, worst‐case scenario analyses show that the likelihood of systemic risk caused by reinsurance transactions is relatively small for the U.S. P/C insurance industry.
Prospective study to investigate the use of fine needle aspiration techniques in UK veterinary practice
Authors: Bowlt K. L. , Newton R. , Murphy S. , Blackwood L. , Starkey M. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo document the fine needle aspiration methods used by UK veterinary practitioners for the assessment of cutaneous masses and relate this to the achievement of a representative sample.MethodsAn internet‐based questionnaire was designed and publicised in the UK national veterinary press, at a national surgical meeting, and in letters to veterinary surgeons.ResultsOne hundred and seventy respondents replied to the questionnaire: 58 · 2% sampled cutaneous masses on the basis of appearance or behaviour; 41 · 3% sampled every cutaneous mass. Practitioners with a greater oncological caseload or who graduated more recently were more likely to recommend fine needle aspiration for every cutaneous mass (P = 0 · 019 and P = 0 · 0002 respectively); 66 · 5% of respondents applied suction during fine needle aspiration; 89% of all respondents used a 2 or 5 mL syringe in combination with a 21 or 23 G needle. There was no statistically significant association between achievement of a representative sample and syringe (P = 0 · 64) or needle size (P = 0 · 63).Clinical SignificanceFine needle aspiration is widely used in UK practice, but may be underutilised in practices with lower oncological caseloads. Survey participants reported a high rate of representative samples obtained using all the commonly used techniques. Further work is required to confirm these observations.
Effects of Microfluidized Dietary Fibers on Stability Properties of Emulsions
Authors: Ketenoglu Onur , Mert Behic , Tekin Aziz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study aims to determine the stability improving effects of size‐reduced dietary fibers in food emulsions. Orange zest fiber and corn fiber were microfluidized under high pressure (up to 15,000 psi). Model emulsions were prepared by adding 1, 2 and 3% of the fibers into the mixture of 3% whey protein isolate and 20 and 50% oil. These mixtures were homogenized through both colloid mill and microfluidizer to form model emulsions. Rheological properties such as flow and oscillation were measured with frequency scanning rheometer, and emulsion stabilities were measured with dispersion analyzer. Increase in oil amount increased emulsion stabilities independent from fiber content. Likewise, ascending fiber amount also improved stabilities. At constant oil level, 3% fiber containing emulsions had higher elastic and viscous moduli (G' and G'') and viscosity values than those of other groups in same material. In general, addition of dietary fiber into model food emulsions improved stability properties.Practical ApplicationsDietary fiber issue has been widely discussed, and trends in usage of dietary fibers have been increasing for years. Food emulsions and emulsified food products now have a substantial place in basic diet of humans. In practice, widely and daily used products such as mayonnaise, salad dressings, butter, etc., are either emulsions or emulsified products. This article deals with enabling usage of some dietary fibers in emulsions. All products mentioned above are potential applications of this research. Also a novel technology, microfluidization could be effectively used for homogenization process. The results are useful in producing food emulsions with higher emulsion stabilities.
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses in an Equine Patient Population. Part II: Foals
Authors: Aleman M. , Madigan J.E. , Williams D.C. , Holliday T.A. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundReports of the use of brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) as a diagnostic modality in foals have been limited.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe BAER findings and associated causes of hearing loss in foals.AnimalsStudy group 18 foals (15 neonatal, 3 nonneonatal), control group (5 neonatal foals).MethodsRetrospective. BAER records from the Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory were reviewed from the years of 1982 to 2013. Peak latencies, amplitudes, and interpeak intervals were measured when visible. Clinical data were extracted from the medical records. Foals were grouped under disease categories. Descriptive statistics were performed.ResultsTen neonatal foals had complete absence of BAER bilaterally and 5 had findings within reference range. Abnormalities were associated with common neonatal disorders such as sepsis, neonatal encephalopathy, neonatal isoerythrolysis, and prematurity. BAER loss also was observed in foals with specific coat color patterns such as completely or mostly white with blue irides or lavender with pale yellow irides. An American Miniature foal with marked facial deformation also lacked BAER bilaterally. One nonneonatal foal with an intracranial abscess had no detectable BAER peaks bilaterally, and 2 older foals, 1 with presumed equine protozoal myeloencephalitis and the other with progressive scoliosis and ataxia, had BAER within normal limits.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn neonatal foals, BAER deficits commonly are complete and bilateral, and associated with common neonatal disorders and certain coat and eye color patterns. Sepsis, hypoxia, bilirubin toxicity, and prematurity should be investigated as potential causes of auditory loss in neonatal foals.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of marbofloxacin in the treatment of Haemophilus parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infections in nursery and fattener pigs using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Vilalta C. , Giboin H. , Schneider M. , El Garch F. , Fraile L. 
Published: June 2014

This study evaluated the theoretical clinical outcome of three marbofloxacin posology regimens in two groups of pigs (weaners and fatteners) for the treatment of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and Haemophilus parasuis (Hp) infection and the appearance of resistant bacteria due to the antibiotic treatment. The probability of target attainment (PTA) for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) ratios associated with clinical efficacy and with the appearance of antimicrobial resistance for fluoroquinolones at each minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or mutant prevention concentration (MPC) were calculated, respectively. The cumulative fraction of response (CFR) was calculated for the three posology regimens against App and they ranged from 91.12% to 96.37% in weaners and from 93% to 97.43% in fatteners, respectively. In the case of Hp, they ranged from 80.52% to 85.14% in weaners and from 82.01% to 88.49% in fatteners, respectively. Regarding the PTA of the PK/PD threshold associated with the appearance of antimicrobial resistance, results showed that marbofloxacin would prevent resistances in most of the animals up to the MPC value of 1 μg/mL.
Longitudinal changes in objectively measured sedentary behaviour and their relationship with adiposity in children and adolescents: systematic review and evidence appraisal
Authors: Tanaka C. , Reilly J. J. , Huang W. Y. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis review aimed to determine longitudinal changes in objectively measured overall sedentary behaviour, and to examine their associations with adiposity in children and adolescents. A search for longitudinal studies was performed using several electronic databases. Of 161 potentially eligible papers, 10 for change in sedentary behaviour and 3 for longitudinal associations with change in adiposity were included. Weighted mean increase in daily sedentary behaviour per year was 5.7% for boys and 5.8% for girls. Only one paper included preschool children, and it showed a decrease in sedentary behaviour. Nine studies were from Western countries. Null associations were reported between sedentary behaviour and adiposity in two studies, the other found that increases in sedentary behaviour were associated with increases in adiposity, but only in those with body mass index above the 50th percentile. There was consistent evidence that sedentary behaviour increases with age in school‐age children and adolescents, by approximately 30 min extra daily sedentary behaviour per year. There was little evidence on the influence of changes in sedentary behaviour on changes in adiposity. There is a need for more longitudinal research, for more evidence from outside the Western world, and for more studies that examine ‘dose‐response’ associations between changes in sedentary behaviour and changes in adiposity.
Outdoor fungi and child asthma health service attendances
Authors: Tham Rachel , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Taylor Philip E. , Katelaris Constance H. , Vicendese Don , Abramson Michael J. , Erbas Bircan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAsthma is a significant global public health issue. Severe asthma exacerbations can be triggered by environmental factors and require medical care from health services. Although it is known that fungal exposure may lead to allergic sensitization, little is understood about its impact on asthma exacerbations. This review aims to examine whether outdoor fungi play a significant role in child asthma exacerbations. Systematic search of seven electronic databases and hand searching for peer‐reviewed studies published in English, up to 31 August 2013. Inclusion criteria were study population aged <18 yr, diagnosis of asthma, attended a health service; outdoor fungi exposure was reported. Quality and risk of bias assessments were conducted. Due to significant heterogeneity, meta‐analysis was not conducted. Of the 1896 articles found, 15 were eligible. Findings were not consistent, possibly due to methodological variations in exposure classifications, statistical methods and inclusion of confounders. Cross‐sectional studies found no or weak associations. All but one time series studies indicated an association that varied between fungal species. Increasing evidence indicates that asthmatic children are susceptible to asthma exacerbations when exposed to outdoor fungal spores. There is limited understanding of the contributions of different fungal species. Research is needed to investigate interactions of outdoor fungi with pollen, air pollutants and respiratory viruses.
Real‐time cell cycle imaging during melanoma growth, invasion, and drug response
Authors: Haass Nikolas K. , Beaumont Kimberley A. , Hill David S. , Anfosso Andrea , Mrass Paulus , Munoz Marcia A. , Kinjyo Ichiko , Weninger Wolfgang 
Published: June 2014

SummarySolid cancers are composed of heterogeneous zones containing proliferating and quiescent cells. Despite considerable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant cell cycle progression, there is limited understanding of the relationship between the cell cycle on the one side, and melanoma cell motility, invasion, and drug sensitivity on the other side. Utilizing the fluorescent ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) to longitudinally monitor proliferation and migration of melanoma cells in 3D culture and in vivo, we found that invading melanoma cells cycle actively, while G1‐arrested cells showed decreased invasion. Melanoma cells in a hypoxic environment or treated with mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors remained G1‐arrested for extended periods of time, with proliferation and invasion resuming after re‐exposure to a more favorable environment. We challenge the idea that the invasive and proliferative capacity of melanoma cells are mutually exclusive and further demonstrate that a reversibly G1‐arrested subpopulation survives in the presence of targeted therapies.
DSM‐5‐defined ‘mixed features’ and Benazzi's mixed depression: Which is practically useful to discriminate bipolar disorder from unipolar depression in patients with depression?
Authors: Takeshima Minoru , Oka Takashi 
Published: June 2014

AimsIrritability, psychomotor agitation, and distractibility in a major depressive episode (MDE) should not be counted as manic/hypomanic symptoms of DSM‐5‐defined mixed features; however, this remains controversial. The practical usefulness of this definition in discriminating bipolar disorder (BP) from major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with depression was compared with that of Benazzi's mixed depression, which includes these symptoms.MethodsThe prevalence of both definitions of mixed depression in 217 patients with MDE (57 bipolar II disorder, 35 BP not otherwise specified, and 125 MDD cases), and their operating characteristics regarding BP diagnosis were compared.ResultsThe prevalence of both Benazzi's mixed depression and DSM‐5‐defined mixed features was significantly higher in patients with BP than it was in patients with MDD, with the latter being quite low (62.0% vs 12.8% [P < 0.0001], and 7.6% vs 0% [P < 0.0021], respectively). The area under the receiver operating curve for BP diagnosis according to the number of all manic/hypomanic symptoms was numerically larger than that according to the number of manic/hypomanic symptoms excluding the above‐mentioned three symptoms (0.798; 95% confidence interval, 0.736–0.859 vs 0.722; 95% confidence interval, 0.654–0.790). The sensitivity/specificity of DSM‐5‐defined mixed features and Benazzi's mixed depression for BP diagnosis were 5.1%/100% and 55.1%/87.2%, respectively.ConclusionsDSM‐5‐defined mixed features were too restrictive to discriminate BP from MDD in patients with depression compared with Benazzi's definition. To confirm this finding, studies that include patients with BP‐I and using tools to assess manic/hypomanic symptoms during MDE are necessary.
Understanding Farm Succession as Socially Constructed Endogenous Cycles
Authors: Fischer Heike , Burton Rob J. F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEuropean agriculture is experiencing a recruitment crisis that threatens the continuation of both family farming and associated rural communities. Conventionally, researchers and policymakers see farm succession as driven by discrete factors such as education level, farm size, profitability, enterprise type, and so on. This article offers an alternative perspective. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 22 farm families in Scotland, it uses a single case‐study to outline the concept of endogenous succession cycles based on the iterative and interlinked development of successor identity and farm structure. In this way, succession is seen as predominantly socially constructed. We suggest that the key to succession lies in the development and maintenance of these endogenous cycles as, when they are broken or uninitiated, attracting a successor on to the farm is likely to be exceptionally difficult whatever the policy incentive. We conclude that the current crisis can partly be explained by the breakdown of early childhood socialisation, a key stage of the cycle, caused by changes to agriculture such as the use of larger machinery, more health and safety regulations, fewer farm workers, and so on. As a result, the process of constructing successor identities in early childhood through extended contact between the farmer, the child and the farm is becoming increasingly difficult.
Microarrays for high‐throughput genotyping ofMICAalleles using allele‐specific primer extension
Authors: Baek I. C. , Jang J.‐P. , Choi H.‐B. , Choi E.‐J. , Ko W.‐Y. , Kim T.‐G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain‐related gene A (MICA), a ligand ofNKG2D, has been defined in human diseases by its allele associations with various autoimmune diseases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and cancer. This study describes a practical system to developMICAgenotyping by allele‐specific primer extension (ASPE) on microarrays. From the results of 20 control primers, strict and reliable cut‐off values of more than 30,000 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) as positive and less than 3000MFIas negative, were applied to select high‐quality specific extension primers. Among 55 allele‐specific primers, 44 primers could be initially selected as optimal primer. Through adjusting the length, six primers were improved. The other failed five primers were corrected by refractory modification.MICAgenotypes byASPEon microarrays showed the same results as those by nucleotide sequencing. On the basis of these results,ASPEon microarrays may provide high‐throughput genotyping forMICAalleles for population studies, disease‐gene associations andHSCT.
Identification of 32 major histocompatibility complex class I alleles in African green monkeys
Authors: Cao Y. , Li A. , Li L. , Yan X. , Fa Y. , Zeng L. , Fan J. , Liu B. , Sun Z. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe African green monkey may be an ideal replacement for the rhesus monkey in biomedical research, but relatively little is known about the genetic background of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In analysis of 12 African green monkeys, 13 Chae‐A and 19 Chae‐B alleles were identified. Among these alleles, 12 Chae‐A and 9 Chae‐B were new lineages. The full amino acid length deduced for Chae‐A genes is 365 amino acids, but for Chae‐B genes, the lengths are 365, 362, 361, and 359 amino acids, respectively. There were 1–3 Chae‐A alleles and 2–5 Chae‐B alleles in each animal. In African green monkeys, rhesus monkeys, and cynomolgus monkeys, the MHC‐A and MHC‐B alleles display trans‐species polymorphism, rather than being clustered in a species‐specific fashion.