bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing forward while looking back: reopening closed forests to open woodlands and savannas
Authors: Pile Knapp Lauren S. , Dey Daniel C. , Stambaugh Michael C. , Thompson Frank R. , Varner J. Morgan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Ecosystem management, community restoration, and managing for climate resilience have become major priorities of land management in recent decades. For woodlands and savannas (i.e., “open forests”), this transition has meant moving fire-deprived, closed-canopy forests to structures and compositions characteristic of natural communities that are rare today: open-grown, wide-spreading trees, and endemic flora and fauna associated with frequent, low to moderate intensity fires. Open forest restoration is complex; its approach and operational prescriptions are dependent on a multitude of factors. Reopening forests to achieve ecological objectives associated with open forests is hampered by site histories, novel species compositions, and structures that resist fire.

Results
Fire histories shed light on fire regimes that promote open forests, informing prescriptions at stand and landscape levels, but due to many social and environmental factors, managers are challenged to recreate those fire regimes. As fire was removed from these ecosystems, successional processes led to changes in species compositions concomitant with changes in woody structure and fuel complexes further inhibiting restoration without active management. As active management aims to transition residing fine fuels from mesophytic hardwood-shrub litter to herbaceous dominant fuels with canopy openness, fire effects, and prescriptions also change. Silvicultural prescriptions have been developed to aid in the process of transition but maintaining mature, continuous canopy open forests through the regeneration and recruitment phase of predominantly shade intolerant of oaks and pines remains speculative. Further, as a legacy of woody densification, contemporary fire practices may result in undesirable increases in sprouting woody species impacting objectives for herbaceous cover and diversity. Invasive plants and depauperate seed banks may further limit successful outcomes.

Conclusions
Even with these formidable challenges, transitioning closed forests to open structures and compositions is critically important for wildlife that depend on them, especially at the size, scale, and connectivity necessary to sustain their populations. Many birds and pollinators of conservation concern require open forests and early successional forests may not serve as surrogates for mature, open forest habitat. In this review, we outline the advances, challenges, and importance for reopening closed canopied forests to open forests in the central and midsouth, USA. Further, we set the stage for new approaches and learned outcomes from the papers of the 7th Fire in Eastern Oak Forests Conference in Tyler, TX, included in this special collection of Fire Ecology.
Double Marginalization Because of External Financing: Capacity Investment Under Uncertainty
Authors: Huberts Nick F. D. , Wen Xingang , Dawid Herbert , Huisman Kuno J. M. , Kort Peter M. 
Published: August 2024

This paper considers a firm’s investment decision determining the timing and capacity level in a dynamic setting with demand uncertainty. Its investment is financed by borrowing from a lender that has market power, generating a capital market inefficiency. We show that the firm’s investment is subject to double marginalization in the sense that the need for external financing results in a considerably smaller investment and thus, a reduction in welfare. In addition, we find that the presence of the bankruptcy option mitigates the double-marginalization effect unless the bankruptcy cost is small. The firm’s investment size is increasing in bankruptcy costs, albeit at the expense of an investment delay. Based on this, an increase of bankruptcy costs raises social welfare. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Funding: X. Wen and H. Dawid gratefully acknowledge support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant SFB 1283/2 2021–317210226]. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Center of Interdisciplinary Research at Bielefeld University [Research Group “Economic and Legal Challenges in the Advent of Smart Products”]. K. J. M. Huisman is appointed to a special chair at Tilburg University that is funded by ASML. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01152 .
Optimal Mechanism Design with Referral
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2024

This paper establishes the optimal selling mechanism when a seller can incentivize an existing buyer to refer his privately known potential buyer to participate. We identify three optimal channels for providing referral incentives. First, if the existing buyer declares that no potential buyer exists, his virtual value is penalized. Second, if the existing buyer refers the potential buyer to the seller, his virtual value is boosted. Third, in some scenarios where this carrots-and-sticks-via-virtual-value approach is insufficient for creating proper referral incentives, the existing buyer is then given a constant referral bonus for referring the potential buyer. We also provide conditions under which the optimal mechanism can be implemented using simple mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate that the conventional resale mechanism is suboptimal. This paper was accepted by Itai Ashlagi, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: H. Zhou’s research is supported by the Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [Grant 22CGA77]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01540 .
Sparse Integer Programming Is Fixed-Parameter Tractable
Authors: Eisenbrand Friedrich , Hunkenschröder Christoph , Klein Kim-Manuel , Koutecký Martin , Levin Asaf , Onn Shmuel 
Published: August 2024

We study the general integer programming problem where the number of variables n is a variable part of the input. We consider two natural parameters of the constraint matrix A: its numeric measure a and its sparsity measure d. We present an algorithm for solving integer programming in time [Formula: see text], where g is some computable function of the parameters a and d, and L is the binary encoding length of the input. In particular, integer programming is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by a and d, and is solvable in polynomial time for every fixed a and d. Our results also extend to nonlinear separable convex objective functions. Funding: F. Eisenbrand, C. Hunkenschröder, and K.-M. Klein were supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) within the project “Convexity, geometry of numbers, and the complexity of integer programming” [Grant 163071]. A. Levin and S. Onn are partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 308/18]. A. Levin is also partially supported by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 1467/22]. S. Onn is also partially supported by the Dresner Chair at the Technion. M. Koutecký is partially supported by Charles University project UNCE 24/SCI/008, and by the project 22-22997S of the Grantová Agentura České Republiky (GA ČR).
ENSAIO CARTOGRÁFICO: POSSIBILIDADES DA REALIZAÇÃO DE PESQUISA COM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Arcari da Costa Raquel Thaís , Horn Cláudia Inês 
Published: August 2024

Este artigo é um recorte da pesquisa “Diálogos entre infância contemporânea e consumo: um ensaio cartográfico com as crianças”, desenvolvidano curso de Pedagogia da Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates. Como recorte, neste estudo enfatiza-se a metodologia do trabalho, apresentando as possibilidades de desenvolver um ensaio cartográfico com crianças. A escrita apresenta as ferramentas e os materiais necessários para o cultivo dos dados empíricos, bem como a atitude do pesquisador em relação ao trabalho e a busca pelos dados durante o processo de pesquisa. Expõem-se, também,considerações acerca da conduta ética necessária em pesquisas com crianças. Além disso, é apresentada a amostragem de uma experiência desenvolvida a partir do método cartográfico, organizada em encontros, que contou com a participação de quatro crianças. Autores como Passos e Kastrup (2009), Gaiva (2009), Dunker e Thebas (2019) são citados, por embasarem o estudo da metodologia cartográfica. Cartografar requer um movimento do pensamento que convida a uma experiência, uma aventura investigativa. Utilizar a metodologia cartográfica com crianças significa escutar as infâncias, não apenas as palavras pronunciadas, mas o que elas revelam, quais caminhos tais palavras criam para refletir os temas contemporâneos. Como considerações finais, evidenciaram-se as possibilidades que a cartografia concede ao pesquisador, às crianças e à pesquisa.
AUTOCLAVE EFFICACY IN THE STERILIZATION OF CONTAMINATED ORTHOPAEDIC SURFACES
Authors: Thomson A. L. , Chao C. A. , Hammad M. , Mendia M. , Bostrom M. P. G. , Carli A. V. 
Published: August 2024

Retained polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) debris in surgical instrument trays is a rare, but disquieting situation for the arthroplasty surgeon. Although retained debris could be considered to be sterile after autoclaving, there is no peer-reviewed literature to support this assumption. This uncertainty and subsequent fear of contamination from this bioburden often leads to operating room personnel turning over entire surgical tables and opening new surgical instruments, which consumes time and burdens a hospital's sterilization infrastructure. Consequently, the purpose of the current study was to determine if retained, heavily contaminated PMMA in surgical trays could be effectively sterilized through clinically utilized autoclave protocols.MSSA (Xen36, Perkin Elmer) biofilm was grown on identically sized PMMA (Palacos R) coupons for 72-hour duration. Following incubation, coupons were exposed to three commonly used sterilization protocols. Cobalt-Chrome (CC) coupons were included in the same tray, replicating instruments in proximity to retained PMMA. Autoclave protocols included: 1.) Single Instrument Flash protocol: Pre-vac, 270° F, 10 min exposure, 1 min drying, 2.) One Tray OR protocol: Pre-vac, 270° F, 4 min exposure, 1 min drying, and 3.) Standard Post-Operative protocol: Pre-vac, 270° F, 10 min exposure, 60 min drying. Control coupons did not undergo autoclaving. Coupons were then sonicated for 30 minutes in tryptic soy broth and plated to count CFUs. Experiments were performed in quadruplicate.Control coupons showed significant contamination with CFU counts in the range of 106 CFU/mL. CFU counts of zero across all autoclaved PMMA and CC coupons revealed that each protocol was effective in completely eradicating culturable S. aureus, confirming clinical efficacy on orthopaedic cement sterilized in surgical trays.Our findings demonstrate that heavily contaminated PMMA and exposed metal in surgical trays can be effectively sterilized through several autoclaving protocols.Clinicians should feel confident in the efficacy of autoclave protocols in removing bacteria and its associated biofilm from othopaedic materials.
A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF A CONVENTIONAL VERSUS MODULAR DUAL-MOBILITY BEARING: ARE SERUM METAL LEVELS A CONCERN?
Authors: DeBenedetti A. , Weintraub M. T. , Valle C. J. Della , Jacobs J. J. , Nam D. 
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate serum metal levels in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a conventional compared to a modular dual-mobility bearing.Patients undergoing primary THA for osteoarthritis were randomized to receive either a modular dual-mobility or conventional polyethylene bearing. All patients received the same titanium acetabular and femoral component and a ceramic femoral head. Serum metal levels were drawn pre-operatively then annually for a minimum of two years postoperatively. An a priori power analysis determined that 40 patients (20 per cohort) were needed to identify a clinically relevant difference in serum cobalt of 0.35 ng/ml (ppb) at 90% power.Forty-six patients were randomized to a modular dual-mobility (n=25) or conventional bearing (n=21) with 40 at a minimum follow-up of two years. No differences in serum cobalt (mean 0.14 ppb [range, 0.075–0.29] vs. 0.20 ppb [range, 0.075–0.57], p=0.39) or chromium levels (mean 0.14 ppb [range, 0.05–0.50] vs. 0.12 ppb [range, 0.05–0.35], p=0.65) were identified between the modular dual-mobility and conventional cohorts, respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in serum Co or Cr at two years postoperatively in subjects implanted with a ceramic head and this particular dual mobility bearing in comparison to a ceramic head and a conventional acetabular component. While modest expected elevations in serum Co and Cr were observed in the dual mobility group, in no case did the Co level exceed the laboratory reference range nor the threshold of one part per billion that has been associated with adverse local tissue reactions to mechanically-assisted crevice corrosion.
SHORTENING OSTEOTOMIES OF THE FEMUR DURING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR DEVELOPMENTAL HIP DYSPLASIA
Authors: Macheras G. , Kostakos T. , Tzefronis D. 
Published: August 2024

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for congenital hip dysplasia (CDH) presents a challenge. In high-grade CDH, key surgical targets include cup placement in the anatomical position and leg length equality. Lengthening of more than 4 cm is associated with sciatic nerve injury, therefore shortening osteotomies are necessary. We present our experience of different shortening osteotomies including advantages and disadvantages of each technique.89 hips, in 61 pts (28 bilateral cases), for high CDH were performed by a single surgeon from 1997 to 2022. 67 patients were female and 22 were male. Age ranged from 38 to 68 yrs. In all patients 5–8cm of leg length discrepancy (LLD) was present, requiring shortening femoral osteotomy. 12 patients underwent sequential proximal femoral resection with trochanteric osteotomy, 46 subtrochanteric, 6 midshaft, and 25 distal femoral osteotomies with simultaneous valgus correction were performed. All acetabular prostheses were placed in the true anatomical position. We used uncemented high porosity cups. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months.All osteotomies healed uneventfully except 3 non-unions of the greater trochanter in the proximal femur resection group. No femoral shaft fractures in proximally based osteotomies. No significant LLD compared to the unaffected or reconstructed side. 2 patients suffered 3 and 5 degrees malrotation of the femur in the oblique sub-trochanteric group. 3 patients suffered transient sciatic nerve palsies.Shortening femoral osteotomies in the treatment of DDH are necessary to avoid injury to the sciatic nerve. In our series, we found transverse subtrochanteric osteotomies to be the most technically efficient, versatile and predictable in their clinical outcome, due to the ability to correct rotation and preserve the metaphyseal bone integrity, allowing for better initial stem stability. Distal femoral osteotomies allowed for controllable correction of valgus knee deformity.
A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING THE DIRECT SUPERIOR APPROACH WITH THE POSTERIOR APPROACH FOR TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Kayani B. , Konan S. , Tahmassebi J. , Giebaly D. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: August 2024

The direct superior approach (DSA) is a modification of the posterior approach (PA) that preserves the iliotibial band and short external rotators except for the piriformis or conjoined tendon during total hip arthroplasty (THA). The objective of this study was to compare postoperative pain, early functional rehabilitation, functional outcomes, implant positioning, implant migration, and complications in patients undergoing the DSA versus PA for THA.This study included 80 patients with symptomatic hip arthritis undergoing primary THA. Patients were prospectively randomised to receive either the DSA or PA for THA, surgery was undertaken using identical implant designs in both groups, and all patients received a standardized postoperative rehabilitation programme. Predefined study outcomes were recorded by blinded observers at regular intervals for two-years after THA. Radiosteriometric analysis (RSA) was used to assess implant migration.There were no statistical differences between the DSA and PA in postoperative pain scores (p=0.312), opiate analgesia consumption (p=0.067), and time to hospital discharge (p=0.416). At two years follow-up, both groups had comparable Oxford hip scores (p=0.476); Harris hip scores (p=0.293); Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome scores (p=0.543); University of California at Los Angeles scores (p=0.609); Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (p=0.833); and European Quality of Life questionnaire with 5 dimensions scores (p=0.418). Radiographic analysis revealed no difference between the two treatment groups for overall accuracy of acetabular cup positioning (p=0.687) and femoral stem alignment (p=0.564). RSA revealed no difference in femoral component migration (p=0.145) between the groups at two years follow-up.There were no differences between patients undergoing the DSA versus PA for THA with respect to postoperative pain scores, functional rehabilitation, patient-reported outcome measurements, accuracy of implant positioning, and implant migration at two years follow-up. Both treatment groups had excellent outcomes that remained comparable at all follow-up intervals.
TREATMENT OF OSTEONECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD IN FICAT III STAGE AFTER FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS BY BASICERVICAL FEMORAL NECK ROTATIONAL OSTEOTOMY
Authors: Zhang Z. , Luo D. , Cheng H. , Ren N. , li Y. , Zhang J. , Zhang H. 
Published: August 2024

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture (ONFHpoFNFx) poses challenges in children, particularly at Ficat III stage. Limited effective treatments are available. This study explores basicervical femoral neck rotational osteotomy (BFNRO) for ONFHpoFNFx in children and adolescents and evaluates its outcomes.Children and adolescents with ONFHpoFNFx (Ficat stage III) underwent BFNRO at our center from June 2017 to September 2022 were included. Follow-up exceeded 1 year, with data on modified-Harris-hip-score (mHHS), range of motion (ROM), patient satisfaction, femoral head collapse, necrotic area repair, leg-length, and osteoarthritis progression recorded.This study included 15 cases (15 hips), with 8 males and 7 females, averaging 12.9 years in age (range: 10–17 years). Nine cases had BFNRO alone, and six had combined PAO. Rotation angles varied from 70° to 90° for anterior rotation and 110° to 135° for posterior rotation. Nine patients had femoral neck fixation in a varus position (10° to 30°). The postoperative contour of the weight-bearing area of the femoral head has significantly improved in all patients. With an average follow-up of 28.6 months (range: 12.2–72.7 months), mHHS significantly improved (65.2 to 90.2, P<0.001). Only one patient showed femoral head collapse. Patients experienced no/mild hip pain (VAS=0-3), slight restriction in range of motion, and mild limb shortening. Two patients showed osteoarthritis progression. No infections, joint replacements, or nerve injuries were observed.Even in cases of ONFHpoFNFx in the late stage, BFNRO in children and adolescents can still yield positive early to mid-term results by relocating the necrotic area and restoring the integrity of the anterior-lateral column of the femoral head, thereby preventing femoral head collapse and delaying the onset of severe osteoarthritis.
DIVERGENT PROPERTIES OF SKELETAL STEM CELLS FROM THE NECROTIC AND NON-NECROTIC ZONES OF FEMORAL HEADS IN OSTEONECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
Authors: Ma C. , Goodnough L. H. , Zhao L. , Chow S. K.-H. , Wang Y. , Chan C. K. F. , Goodman S. B. 
Published: August 2024

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) represent a collection of different cell types exhibiting stem cell characteristics but with notable heterogeneity. Among these, Skeletal Stem Cells (SSCs) represent a distinct matrix subgroup within BMSC and demonstrate a specialized capacity to facilitate bone formation, recruit chondrocytes, and contribute to hematopoiesis. SSCs play a pivotal role in orchestrating the functions of skeletal organs. Local ischemia has a significant impact on cell survival and function. We hypothesize that bone ischemia induces alterations in the differentiation potential of SSCs, consequently influencing changes in bone structure.We mechanically dissected tissue from the necrotic segment in the femoral head and more normal appearing areas from the femoral neck of specimens from 5 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). These tissues were enzymatically broken down into individual cell suspensions. Utilizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on specific surface markers indicative of human skeletal stem cells (hSSC), namely CD45- CD235a- CD31- TIE2- Podoplanin (PDPN)+ CD146- CD73+ CD164+, we isolated a distinct cell population. Subsequent in vitro evaluations, focusing on clonogenicity, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis were conducted to assess the functional prowess of these SSCs. Moreover, we introduced BMP2 at a concentration of 50ng/ml to SSCs extracted from necrotic regions to potentially reinstate their osteogenic capabilities.We effectively isolated SSCs from both Necrotic and Non-necrotic Zones. We observed an augmented clonal formation capacity and chondrogenesis ability of SSCs isolated from the necrotic region, accompanied by a significant decline in osteogenic ability (P＜0.01), an effect not reversible even with the addition of BMP2.Ischemia adversely affects the proliferation and function of SSCs, resulting in a diminished osteogenic capacity and an insensitivity to BMP2, ultimately leading to structural alterations in bone tissue.
LONG-TERM RESULTS OF THE BIRMINGHAM HIP RESURFACING IMPLANT IN THE UNITED STATES: AN UPDATED ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE INSTITUTION'S EXPERIENCE
Authors: Zuke W. A. , Hannon C. P. , Kromka J. , Granger C. , Clohisy J. C. , Barrack R. L. 
Published: August 2024

We previously reported the five to ten-year results of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) implant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survivorship, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes of the BHR at long-term follow-up.We retrospectively reviewed 250 patients from the original cohort of 324 BHRs performed from 2006 to 2013 who met contemporary BHR indications. Of these, 4 patients died and 4 withdrew. From the 242 patients, 224 patients (93%) were available for analysis. Modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) scores were collected and compared to a matched total hip arthroplasty (THA) cohort. Mean follow-up was 14 years.Survivorship free of aseptic revision was 97.4% and survivorship free of any revision was 96.0% at 15 years. Revisions included 3 periprosthetic joint infections, 2 for elevated metal ions and symptomatic pseudotumor, 2 for aseptic femoral loosening, and 1 for unexplained pain. The mean mHHS was 93 in BHR patients at final follow-up, similar to the THA cohort (p=0.44). The UCLA score was significantly higher for BHR patients (p=0.02), however there were equal proportions of patients who remained highly active (UCLA 9 or 10) in both groups, 60.5% and 52.2% (p=0.45) for BHR and THA respectively. Metal ion levels at long term follow-up were low (mean serum cobalt 1.8±1.5 ppb and mean serum chromium 2.2±2.0 ppb).BHR demonstrated excellent survivorship in males less than 60 years of age at time of surgery. Clinical outcomes and activity levels were similar to THA patients. Failures related to the metal-on-metal bearing were rare and metal levels were low at long-term follow-up.Level of evidence: IIIKeywords: survivorship; hip arthroplasty; activity; metal-on-metalSurface Replacement Arthroplasty demonstrates low revision rates and similar activity level compared to total hip arthroplasty at long-term follow-up.