bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamin‐like protein involved in bacterial cell membrane surveillance under environmental stress
Authors: Sawant Prachi , Eissenberger Kristina , Karier Laurence , Mascher Thorsten , Bramkamp Marc 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn ever‐changing natural environments, bacteria are continuously challenged with numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Accordingly, they have evolved both specific and more general mechanisms to counteract stress‐induced damage and ensure survival. In the soil habitat of Bacillus subtilis, peptide antibiotics and bacteriophages are among the primary stressors that affect the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. Dynamin‐like proteins (DLPs) play a major role in eukaryotic membrane re‐modelling processes, including antiviral activities, but the function of the corresponding bacterial homologues was so far poorly understood. Here, we report on the protective function of a bacterial DLP, DynA from B. subtilis. We provide evidence that DynA plays an important role in a membrane surveillance system that counteracts membrane pore formation provoked by antibiotics and phages. In unstressed cells, DynA is a highly dynamic membrane‐associated protein. Upon membrane damage, DynA localizes into large and static assemblies, where DynA acts locally to counteract stress‐induced pores, presumably by inducing lipid bilayer fusion and sealing membrane gaps. Thus, lack of DynA increases the sensitivity to antibiotic exposure and phage infection. Taken together, our work suggests that DynA, and potentially other bacterial DLPs, contribute to the innate immunity of bacteria against membrane stress.
Bacterial responses to environmental change on the Tibetan Plateau over the past half century
Authors: Liu Yongqin , Priscu John C. , Yao Tandong , Vick‐Majors Trista J. , Xu Baiqing , Jiao Nianzhi , Santibáñez Pamela , Huang Sijun , Wang Ninglian , Greenwood Mark , Michaud Alexander B. , Kang Shichang , Wang Jianjun , Gao Qun , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: November 2015

SummaryClimate change and anthropogenic factors can alter biodiversity and can lead to changes in community structure and function. Despite the potential impacts, no long‐term records of climatic influences on microbial communities exist. The Tibetan Plateau is a highly sensitive region that is currently undergoing significant alteration resulting from both climate change and increased human activity. Ice cores from glaciers in this region serve as unique natural archives of bacterial abundance and community composition, and contain concomitant records of climate and environmental change. We report high‐resolution profiles of bacterial density and community composition over the past half century in ice cores from three glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau. Statistical analysis showed that the bacterial community composition in the three ice cores converged starting in the 1990s. Changes in bacterial community composition were related to changing precipitation, increasing air temperature and anthropogenic activities in the vicinity of the plateau. Collectively, our ice core data on bacteria in concert with environmental and anthropogenic proxies indicate that the convergence of bacterial communities deposited on glaciers across a wide geographical area and situated in diverse habitat types was likely induced by climatic and anthropogenic drivers.
Lithium and renal and upper urinary tract tumors – results from a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kessing Lars Vedel , Gerds Thomas Alexander , Feldt‐Rasmussen Bo , Andersen Per Kragh , Licht Rasmus W 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesA recent alarming finding suggested an increased risk of renal tumors among long‐term lithium users. The objectives of the present study were to estimate rates of renal and upper urinary tract tumors (RUT), malignant and benign, among individuals exposed to successive prescriptions for lithium, anticonvulsants, and other psychotropic agents used for bipolar disorder, and among unexposed individuals.MethodsThis was a nationwide, population‐based longitudinal study including time‐specific data from all individuals exposed to lithium (n = 24,272) or anticonvulsants (n = 386,255), all individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (n = 9,651), and a randomly selected sample of 1,500,000 from the Danish population. The study period was from 1995 to 2012, inclusive. Outcomes were hazard rate ratios (HR) for RUT in three groups: (i) combined malignant and benign, (ii) malignant, and (iii) benign. Analyses were adjusted for the number of prescriptions for lithium/anticonvulsants, antipsychotic agents, antidepressants, and use of all other types of medication; age; gender; employment status; calendar year; and a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.ResultsContinued treatment with lithium was not associated with increased rates of RUT [adjusted HR malignant or benign: 0.67–1.18, p (trend) = 0.70; adjusted HR malignant: 0.61–1.34, p (trend) = 0.90; adjusted HR benign: 0.74–1.18, p (trend) = 0.70]. Similarly, continued treatment with anticonvulsants was not associated with increased rates of RUT [adjusted HR malignant or benign: 0.97–1.18, p (trend) = 0.10; adjusted HR malignant: 0.82–1.15, p (trend) = 0.80; adjusted HR benign: 0.94–1.36, p (trend) = 0.20]. The associations were confirmed among the 9,651 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.ConclusionsTreatment with lithium is not associated with increased rates of RUT.
Testing Multiple Hypotheses with Skewed Alternatives
Authors: Bansal Naveen K. , Hamedani Gholamhossein G. , Maadooliat Mehdi 
Published: November 2015

Summary
In many practical cases of multiple hypothesis problems, it can be expected that the alternatives are not symmetrically distributed. If it is known a priori that the distributions of the alternatives are skewed, we show that this information yields high power procedures as compared to the procedures based on symmetric alternatives when testing multiple hypotheses. We propose a Bayesian decision theoretic rule for multiple directional hypothesis testing, when the alternatives are distributed as skewed, under a constraint on a mixed directional false discovery rate. We compare the proposed rule with a frequentist's rule of Benjamini and Yekutieli (2005) using simulations. We apply our method to a well-studied HIV dataset.
Prevalence and clinical significance of cellular and acellular mucin in patients with locally advanced mucinous rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery
Authors: Kang C. M. , Lim S.‐B. , Hong S.‐M. , Yu C. S. , Hong Y. S. , Kim T. W. , Park J.‐H. , Kim J. H. , Kim J. C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe frequent presence of acellular mucin in specimens showing pathological complete response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and the poor response to preoperative CRT in mucinous rectal cancer have been reported. However, the prevalence and prognostic significance of cellular and acellular mucin have not been evaluated in resected specimens from patients with mucinous rectal cancer who undergo preoperative CRT.MethodWe retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of mucin in resected specimens from 59 consecutive patients with mucinous rectal cancer who underwent long‐course CRT followed by resection between January 2000 and December 2009. Patients were categorized according to the presence of mucin, as identified by pathological analysis. The clinicopathological findings and oncological results were compared.ResultsMucin was identified in 25 of 59 patients with mucinous rectal cancer (42.4%). Mucin was more frequent in men (hazard ratio = 23.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.875–305.504, P = 0.015) and in specimens showing a good tumour response grade (hazard ratio = 64.26, 95% confidence interval = 6.940–595.045, P < 0.001). With a median follow‐up of 67.7 (range 8.6–133.2) months, the 5‐year overall survival (60.7% without mucin vs 51.4% with mucin, P = 0.898) and disease‐free survival (59.9% without mucin vs 56.9% with mucin, P = 0.813) did not differ between the groups.ConclusionThe presence of mucin in rectal cancer with mucinous differentiation after preoperative CRT and resection is associated with male gender and a good tumour response grade, without significant impact on oncological outcome.
Developmental Changes in Cross‐Situational Word Learning: The Inverse Effect of Initial Accuracy
Authors: Fitneva Stanka A. , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntuitively, the accuracy of initial word‐referent mappings should be positively correlated with the outcome of learning. Yet recent evidence suggests an inverse effect of initial accuracy in adults, whereby greater accuracy of initial mappings is associated with poorer outcomes in a cross‐situational learning task. Here, we examine the impact of initial accuracy on 4‐year‐olds, 10‐year‐olds, and adults. For half of the participants most word‐referent mappings were initially correct and for the other half most mappings were initially incorrect. Initial accuracy was positively related to learning outcomes in 4‐year‐olds, had no effect on 10‐year‐olds' learning, and was inversely related to learning outcomes in adults. Examination of item learning patterns revealed item interdependence for adults and 4‐year‐olds but not 10‐year‐olds. These findings point to a qualitative change in language learning processes over development.
Mentoring in Clinical‐Translational Research: A Study of Participants in Master's Degree Programs
Authors: McGinn Aileen P. , Lee Linda S. , Baez Adriana , Zwanziger Jack , Anderson Karl E. , Seely Ellen W. , Schoenbaum Ellie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearch projects in translational science are increasingly complex and require interdisciplinary collaborations. In the context of training translational researchers, this suggests that multiple mentors may be needed in different content areas. This study explored mentoring structure as it relates to perceived mentoring effectiveness and other characteristics of master's‐level trainees in clinical‐translational research training programs. A cross‐sectional online survey of recent graduates of clinical research master's program was conducted. Of 73 surveys distributed, 56.2% (n = 41) complete responses were analyzed. Trainees were overwhelmingly positive about participation in their master's programs and the impact it had on their professional development. Overall the majority (≥75%) of trainees perceived they had effective mentoring in terms of developing skills needed for conducting clinical‐translational research. Fewer trainees perceived effective mentoring in career development and work‐life balance. In all 15 areas of mentoring effectiveness assessed, higher rates of perceived mentor effectiveness was seen among trainees with ≥2 mentors compared to those with solo mentoring (SM). In addition, trainees with ≥2 mentors perceived having effective mentoring in more mentoring aspects (median: 14.0; IQR: 12.0–15.0) than trainees with SM (median: 10.5; IQR: 8.0–14.5). Results from this survey suggest having ≥2 mentors may be beneficial in fulfilling trainee expectations for mentoring in clinical‐translational training.
Pricing of alcohol inCanada: A comparison of provincial policies and harm‐reduction opportunities
Authors: Giesbrecht Norman , Wettlaufer Ashley , Thomas Gerald , Stockwell Tim , Thompson Kara , April Nicole , Asbridge Mark , Cukier Samantha , Mann Robert , McAllister Janet , Murie Andrew , Pauley Chris , Plamondon Laurie , Vallance Kate 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAlcohol pricing is an effective prevention policy. This paper compares the 10Canadian provinces on three research‐based alcohol pricing policies—minimum pricing, pricing by alcohol content and maintaining prices relative to inflation.Design and MethodsThe selection of these three policies was based on systematic reviews and seminal research papers. Provincial data for 2012 were obtained fromStatisticsCanada and relevant provincial ministries, subsequently sent to provincial authorities for verification, and then scored by team members.ResultsAll provinces, except forAlberta, have minimum prices for at least one beverage type sold in off‐premise outlets. All provinces, except forBritishColumbia andQuebec, have separate (and higher) minimum pricing for on‐premise establishments. Regarding pricing on alcohol content, western and central provinces typically scored higher than provinces inEasternCanada. Generally, minimum prices were lower than the recommended $1.50 per standard drink for off‐premise outlets and $3.00 per standard drink in on‐premise venues. Seven of 10 provinces scored 60% or higher compared to the ideal on indexing prices to inflation. Prices for a representative basket of alcohol products inOntario andQuebec have lagged significantly behind inflation since 2006.Discussion and ConclusionsWhile examples of evidence‐based alcohol pricing policies can be found in every jurisdiction inCanada, significant inter‐provincial variation leaves substantial unrealised potential for further reducing alcohol‐related harm and costs. This comparative assessment of alcohol price policies provides clear indications of how individual provinces could adjust their pricing policies and practices to improve public health and safety.[Giesbrecht N, Wettlaufer A, Thomas G, Stockwell T, Thompson K, April N, Asbridge M, Cukier S, Mann R, McAllister J, Murie A, Pauley C, Plamondon L, Vallance K. Pricing of alcohol in Canada: A comparison of provincial policies and harm‐reduction opportunities.Drug Alcohol Rev2016;35:289–297]
Health knowledge and smokeless tobacco quit attempts and intentions among married women in ruralBangladesh: Cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Shakhawat , Kypri Kypros , Rahman Bayzidur , Akter Shahnaz , Milton Abul Hasnat 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate health knowledge, attitudes and smokeless tobacco quit attempts and intentions among married women in ruralBangladesh.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted using an interviewer administered, pretested, semistructured questionnaire. All 8082 women living in theJhaudi andGhotmajhee local government areas, aged ≥18 years with at least one pregnancy in their lifetime, were invited to participate. Questions covered smokeless tobacco consumption (STC), knowledge regarding its health effects, users' quit attempts and intentions and sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsEight thousand seventy‐four women completed the survey (response rate 99.9%). Almost half (45%) of current consumers thoughtSTCwas good for their health and many ascribed medicinal values to it, for example 25% thoughtSTCreduced stomach aches. A quarter had previously tried to quit and 10% intended to quit. After adjusting for potential confounders, inaccurate knowledge ofSTChealth consequences was associated with being older [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–3.50], less educated (aOR = 2.18, 95%CI1.66–2.85), Muslim (aOR = 17.0, 95%CI12.0–23.9) and unemployed (aOR = 29.7, 95%CI: 25.2–35.1). Having less education (aOR = 2.52, 95%CI0.98–6.45) and being unemployed (aOR = 1.52, 95%CI1.03–2.23) were associated with the intention to quit.Discussion and ConclusionsLarge gaps exist in ruralBangladeshi women's understanding of the adverse health effects ofSTC. Health awareness campaigns should highlight the consequences ofSTC. Routine screening and cessation advice should be provided in primary healthcare and smokeless tobacco control strategies should be implemented. [Hossain MS, Kypri K, Rahman B, Akter S, Milton AH. Health knowledge and smokeless tobacco quit attempts and intentions among married women in rural Bangladesh: Cross‐sectional survey.Drug Alcohol Rev2016;35:514–522]
Contentious and Prefigurative Politics: Vigilante Groups’ Struggle against Sexual Violence in Egypt (2011–2013)
Authors: Tadros Mariz 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the drivers, mobilizational tactics and manoeuvrings of informal, youth‐led initiatives that emerged in post‐Mubarak Egypt to counter the growing threat of sexual violence against women in public spaces. The findings are based on empirical research into youth‐led activism against gender‐based violence during 2011‒2013. The approach adopted is a case study of three initiatives, Bassma (Imprint), Shoft Taharosh (Harassment Seen) and Opantish (Operation Anti Sexual Harassment). Informal youth‐based initiatives in the context of the post‐January 2011 uprising have generally been criticized for their lack of sustainability, organizationally and politically. However, the examination of activism against gender‐based vio‐lence through the lens of prefigurative politics shows the inherent value of experimentation and its contribution to innovations in public outreach. The value of the initiatives studied in this article also lies in their mobilizational power which inadvertently produces ‘repertoires’ of knowledge, skills and resources to engage the citizenry and capture their imagination. In the long run, such repertoires may allow for the emergence of organized and sustained forms of political agency. The article suggests that a cross‐fertilization of prefigurative and contentious politics offers a framework for understanding temporally‐ and spatially‐bound forms of collective political agency.
Effects of predicted milk yields sustained by grazed grass on dairy cow performance and concentrate requirements throughout the grazing season
Authors: Purcell P. J. , Dale A. J. , Gordon A. W. , Barley J. , Ferris C. P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of predicted milk yields sustained by grazed grass (‘Milk‐from‐Grass’: LOW, MED or HIGH) and Parity (primiparous or multiparous) on the performance and concentrate requirements of grazed Holstein‐Friesian dairy cows offered concentrates on a ‘feed‐to‐yield’ basis during the grazing season. The mean Milk‐from‐Grass values assigned to cows in the LOW, MED and HIGH treatment groups (sixteen multiparous and eight primiparous cows per group) during the experiment (24 May to 2 October; 131 d) were 12·7, 15·4 and 18·1 kg cow−1 d−1, respectively. Concentrate allocations were adjusted every two weeks (approximately) based on individual cows’ milk yields, and concentrate was offered at a rate of 0·45 kg for each kg of milk produced above the assigned Milk‐from‐Grass value at that time. Increasing Milk‐from‐Grass from LOW to MED to HIGH decreased both the mean daily concentrate allocations (4·90, 3·17 and 1·79 kg cow−1 d−1, respectively) and milk yields (23·8, 21·8 and 19·0 kg cow−1 d−1) of the cows. Cows in the LOW treatment group had lower mean and final (i.e. at the end of the study) BCS and LW than those in the MED or HIGH groups. The effects of Milk‐from‐Grass were similar for both primiparous and multiparous cows.
Long‐term care planning and preferences among Japanese American baby boomers: Comparison with non‐Japanese Americans
Authors: Iwasaki Michiko , Pierson Mark E , Madison Devon , McCurry Susan M 
Published: November 2015

AimsNikkei (Japanese American) communities are known to be forerunners for building culturally sensitive long‐term care (LTC) services and programs. Existing literature highlights evolving cultural shifts among Nikkei communities as well as the baby boomers from the previous aging cohort. The present study's primary purpose was to examine Japanese American (JA) boomers' perceptions about their LTC planning compared with their non‐JA counterparts. JA's residential and care preferences were also examined.MethodsThe study applied survey methodology with a total of 499 “boomers” (age 51–71 years) in the state of Washington. Data obtained from JA (n = 264) were compared with the data from non‐JA Washingtonians (non‐JA, n = 235). Data from an additional subset of questions asking JA's preferences for retirement/LTC facilities were also analyzed.ResultsThe findings showed similarities and differences between the two groups. No group differences were found with regard to caregiving experiences, exposure to LTC, expectation of requiring future LTC or physical proximity to their adult children. JA boomers, however, showed more knowledge about LTC‐related facts, stronger preference to avoid becoming dependent on their families and a higher rate of LTC insurance purchases. JA boomers ranked higher preferences on culturally universal elements (e.g. transportation services, Internet access) for their retirement and LTC facilities over Japanese cultural‐specific elements. JA boomers also preferred to reside with a mixture of racial/ethnic residents.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that the LTC industry including JA communities should accommodate boomers' retirement plans and preferences with a multicultural selection of services and settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1074–1084.
Characteristics of colonoscopic findings in the very elderly
Authors: Tanaka Yasuo , Arai Tomio , Uegaki Satoko , Sasaki Mina , Kanazawa Nobuo , Inamatsu Takashi 
Published: November 2015

AimTo determine the incidence and endoscopic types of colorectal lesions diagnosed with colonoscopy in elderly patients.MethodsConsecutive Japanese patients who underwent colonic endoscopy between 1994 and 2007 (n = 5145; 2245 men and 2900 women, age 20–101 years) were examined retrospectively. Correlations between age, sex and number of lesions were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence of advanced tumors was significantly correlated with increasing age in men (P = 0.02), and tumors were detected mainly in the sigmoid colon and rectum in both sexes. Right‐sided colon cancer was significantly more common in women compared with men (P < 0.001). Polyps were detected throughout the colon, and their incidence was correlated significantly with increasing age in women (P = 0.01). Diverticula were frequently detected in the ascending and sigmoid colon in both sexes. Left‐sided diverticula were significantly more common in women compared with men (P < 0.001). Lateral spreading tumors were detected mainly in the cecum in both sexes. Though the number of cases with angioectasia was small, angioectasia was slightly more common in the cecum and the ascending colon in women.ConclusionsIn the present study, the incidence of advanced tumors correlated with increasing age in men, and right‐sided cases were significantly more common in women than in men. The incidence of polyps correlated with increasing age in women. Left‐sided diverticula were significantly more common in women than in men. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1319–1323.
Comparison of quality of sleep, depression, and life satisfaction between older adults in nursing homes and long‐term care hospitals in Korea
Authors: Kim Kon Hee , Hwang Eun Hee 
Published: November 2015

AimThe purpose of the present study was to identify the sleep quality, depression, and life satisfaction between nursing home and long‐term care hospital residents.MethodsData was collected through a structured questionnaire survey of 61 nursing home residents and 74 long‐term care hospital residents. Descriptive statistics, t‐test, χ2‐test, anova, Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe residents living in a nursing home showed higher subjective health status and sleep quality than long‐term care hospital residents. Depression did not show a significant difference between them. However, there was a significant difference in depression score by subjective health status. Sleep quality and depression showed a significant negative correlation for both residents. In terms of depression and life satisfaction, nursing home residents showed a significant negative correlation, and long‐term care hospital residents showed a significant positive correlation.ConclusionsThese results show that environmental management is essential to enhance sleep quality, thus depression and subjective health status will be improved. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 142–149.