bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETURN TO SPORT FOLLOWING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY(THA): DO WE ALL AGREE?
Authors: Kaplan Y 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAs younger,healthier patients are having THA, a greater emphasis is being placed on postoperative function, activity, and exercise. With recent advances in implant technology and surgical technique, the survival rates for modern prosthetic designs and patients with these high demands are promising. There is no current consensus on the safety of resuming to sport. The main concerns nevertheless are remaining instability, wear, loosening, and fracture.ObjectiveTo provide a narrative literature review relating to returning to sporting activity following a THA.DesignAn electronic search was conducted up to October 2013, using medical subject headings and free-text words. Subject-specific search was based on the terms “total hip arthroplasty”, “return to sport” and “exercise”.Results10 articles were found to be suitable. Only one was a prospective randomized study, comparing the type, intensity and frequency of sports activities performed after resurfacing hip arthroplasty vs. THA using a metal-on-metal bearing. All the rest were narrative reviews and expert opinion. One guideline consensus paper was published. Substantial limitations were observed in most of the publications, including small sample size, patient selection, trial quality, heterogeneity of outcome assessments, and potential sources of confounding variables not investigated.ConclusionEach sport should be evaluated on its potential risk to a joint replacement, whether from the force of repetitive injury or the possibility of catastrophic failure. Likewise, a surgeon can use techniques, biomaterials, and implants that will maximize an athlete's chance of success over time. There is a need for a long-term, high-quality, prospective randomized control trial that will compare low vs. high impact sports and their effect on the prostheses. Until then, definitive recommendations should be made based on each patient's expectations, goals and the surgeon's past experience.
ECCENTRIC TRAINING FOR ELBOW HYPERMOBILITY
Authors: Kaux JF , Delvaux F , Forthomme B , Marguerite FD , François D , Crielaard JM , Croisier JL 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundPatients with hypermobility suffer from joints problems and chronic pain is the most frequently reported symptom.ObjectiveEccentric muscle strengthening could be very important to protect hypermobile joints.DesignCase report.SettingAmateur tennis player.PatientA girl (16 y.o.) affected by an Ehler-Danlos syndrome presented pain in the right elbow and the right wrist after a season of tennis.InterventionsHer training consisted of wrist prono-supination and flexion-extension muscle group reinforcement and proprioceptive training. To protect the wrist against excessive load, the eccentric strengthening exercises of prono-supinator and flexor-extensor muscles of elbow and wrist were undertaken gradually, at increasing speeds within a limited range of motion in flexion and extension, on an isokinetic device after an evaluation. She was also given an orthesis restricting the joint range of motion of the wrist.Main outcome measurementsThe evaluation was made by isokinetic evaluation, visual analog scale and MOS-SF36 questionnaire before and after training.ResultsThe patient rapidly noted a decrease in pain and an increase in the stability of her right arm even when playing tennis. Isokinetic evaluation objectified a significant improvement in maximal torque in flexion-extension muscles of the right elbow. She was also given individualized home exercises.ConclusionsThe goal of this eccentric training is to avoid hypermobility by using the muscles as a protective brake in the control of joint positioning. Muscles can be reinforced in eccentric mode with starting position at the maximum length of these muscles when unstreched. The exercises can be carried out safely on an isokinetic device, at slow speed and limited range of joint motion to avoid risk of luxation. Thus, in this case report, the eccentric exercises using an isokinetic device were effective to safely reinforce the muscles as a protective brake for joint hypermobility and prevent pain during practicing tennis.
THE FINDINGS OF THE AUSTRALIAN FITNESS INDUSTRY RISK MANAGEMENT (AFIRM) PROJECT
Authors: Keyzer P , Finch C , Norton K , Dietrich J , Sekendiz B 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe AFIRM Project is designed to consider, firstly, how does Australian regulation currently control risk management in the fitness industry and thereby prevent adverse health outcomes and injury, and the legal liability associated with those risks? Secondly, what sustainable changes could be made to Australian regulation for more effective risk management in the health and fitness industry in order to prevent the risk of adverse health outcomes and injury, and the legal liability associated with those risks?.ObjectiveOur objective is to develop new best practice benchmarks to improve safety in the fitness industry and reduce the risk of adverse health and injury outcomes.DesignAfter conducting focus groups in four States of Australia using nominal group technique, we developed a survey that was administered to 1178 people. We also conducted observational audits of fitness facilities.SettingsSee “Design”.ParticipantsOf the 1 178 survey respondents, 62% were female, the mean age was 40, 46% were self-employed or sole traders and 32% were part-time employees of a fitness facility.ResultsFocus group respondents reported (lack of) education, (lack of) supervision, (poor) technique, (defective) equipment, (unsuitable) environment and overcrowding as principal issues in the focus group sessions, while also raising the issues of scope of practice, defective pre-exercise screening, medical risks associated with de-conditioned clients, poor or inappropriate nutritional advice, inadequacy of qualifications and unrealistic expectations of clients as key risks, from their perspective. The survey was designed around these themes and was conducted online in May and June 2013 and promoted through a communications strategy of social media, direct e-marketing and (minor) traditional media. It used 45×6-point Likert scale items (e.g. “How frequently do you observe customers using weights that are too heavy?”) that were then factor analysed. The results will be provided.
TRUNK MOTION AND MUSCULAR STRENGTH AFFECT KNEE VALGUS MOMENT DURING SINGLE-LEG LANDING AFTER OVERHEAD STROKE IN BADMINTON
Authors: Kimura Y , Tsuda E , Hiraga Y , Maeda S , Sasaki S , Sasaki E , Fujita Y , Ishibashi Y , Makino M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in knees opposite to the racket-hand side frequent occurs during single-leg landing after overhead stroke in badminton. Although large lateral inclination of trunk during single-leg landing seems to generate knee valgus moment which causes ACL injury, it has not been examined.ObjectiveTo evaluate if there was a correlation between trunk kinematics and knee valgus moment during single-leg landing after overhead stroke, in addition, to evaluate an association with muscular strength of trunk.DesignControlled laboratory study.SettingFemale college badminton players with no history of knee injury.Participants8 right-handed players.Risk factor assessmentSubjects performed single-left-legged landing after an overhead stroke following back-stepping. The kinematic and kinetic data of the trunk and left lower extremity during landing were measured using 3-dimensional motion analysis system. Isometric trunk flexion and extension strength was measured using a dynamometer.Main outcome measurementChange in lateral trunk bending angle and maximum knee valgus moment during landing were measured. The correlation between these and trunk strength were analyzed.ResultsThe average of maximum knee valgus moment was 0.34±0.24 Nm/kg/m, and the change in lateral trunk bending angle was 22.9±13.3 degrees, respectively. The mean trunk flexion strength was 2.2±0.9 Nm/kg. The knee valgus moment was significantly correlated with the change in lateral trunk bending angle (r=0.87, P<.05) and the trunk flexion strength (r=−0.94, P<.01). The change in lateral trunk bending angle was also significantly correlated with the trunk flexion strength (r=−0.94, P<.01).ConclusionsLarger lateral trunk bending associated with weak flexion strength increased knee valgus moment during single-leg landing. The core muscle training focused on trunk flexion strength may improve neuromuscular control of trunk and avoid excessive knee valgus moment in playing badminton, and this may play an important role of ACL injury prevention.
SPECIFIC EXERCISE TARGETING THE SEMITENDINOSUS IN FEMALE ACL-RECONSTRUCTED ATHLETES
Authors: Lauridsen HB , Bencke J , Thorborg K , Andersen LL , Sonne-Holm S , Aagaard P , Hölmich P , Zebis MK 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe most commonly used graft in ACL-reconstructions is harvested from the semitendinosus muscle (ST) which causes atrophy and reduced muscle strength in the hamstrings. As the ST serves as an important ACL agonist, exercises that causes high levels of ST muscle activity after ACL-reconstruction, is of great interest to prevent re-rupture of the ACL.ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to examine the level of neuromuscular hamstring muscle activity during two commonly used strength exercises, the two hand Kettlebell Swing (KS) and the Nordic Hamstring (NH), in previously ACL-reconstructed female athletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsBiomechanical laboratory.ParticipantsRecruitment ongoing – the study is planned to include 20 participants. Preliminary data from five female athletes (age 28±7 yrs) with a total of 6 ACL-reconstructed knees are presented. In all cases, ST tendon was used as graft. The time between surgery and testing was 52±47months.InterventionTen consecutive KS's were performed corresponding to a maximal load (12–16 kg) where correct technique was maintained. Additional, five consecutive NH curls were executed. Muscle activity for the hamstring muscles was obtained during the exercise evaluation and during hamstring MVC.Main outcome measurementsPeak EMG of the medial (ST) and lateral (BF) hamstring during KS and NH was normalized to peak EMG amplitude during MVC.ResultsThe exercise evaluation showed a significantly higher peak ST EMG activity during KS than NH (91±23% vs. 63±23%, respectively), P=.011. No difference was observed in peak BF EMG activity between exercises (82±30% vs. 66±36%, respectively), P=.125.ConclusionThe present finding suggests that the KB exercise could be introduced in rehabilitation when aiming at enhanced ability to recruit ST during forceful movements. However, to avoid adverse effects in the early phase of rehabilitation, caution must be taken when introducing high-intensity training among ACL reconstructed patients.
INJURY AND ILLNESS SURVEILLANCE DURING THE 43RD ISAF YOUTH SAILING WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 2013 IN LIMASSOL, CYPRUS
Authors: Leong D , Vaz Pardal C , Tan B , Lin C 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundPrior studies have indicated that the competitive youth sailor is at risk for sailing-related injuries. Data collected during a large-scale elite youth sailing event is the first step toward developing effective injury/illness prevention strategies in this population.ObjectiveTo describe the incidence, pattern, and severity of sailing-related injuries and illnesses among competitive youth sailors during the 43rdISAF Youth Sailing World Championship.DesignProspective descriptive study using the International Olympic Committee injury surveillance system reporting forms. Team officials and medical centre doctors submitted daily surveillance reports.Setting43rdISAF Youth Sailing World Championship, 13 to 20 July 2013, Limassol, Cyprus.ParticipantsAll participating sailors in the ISAF World Youth Sailing Championship.Risk factor assessmentThe following risk factors were studied: training load, participation in other sports, use of sunscreen/lifejacket, alcohol and drug consumption.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe occurrence or non-occurrence of sailing-related injuries and illnesses; the number of injuries; the site, type, cause/mechanism of injury; and contributing factors to injuries.Results11 (3%) sailors out of 351 sailors reported 11 injuries. The rate of injury was 3.9 injuries per 1000 athlete-days. The most commonly injured site was the foot/toe (36%). The top three types were laceration/abrasion (27%), toe nail injury (27%), and contusion/haematoma/bruise (18%). Most injuries were the result of contact with a stagnant object or an acute event. Treatment was sought in 55%, and 1 sailor withdrew from the competition as a result. Of the 4 illnesses, vomiting/diarrhea was the most common symptom (40%) and the gastrointestional system was most commonly affected (75%).ConclusionsDuring a high-level sailing competition, 3% of youth sailors reported injuries and 1% reported illness. The injuries were mainly acute events occurring during racing, while illness was mainly of the gastrointestinal system. This data provides us with the basis for future studies and analysis of injury mechanisms and risk factors in elite sailing.
SELF-REPORTED 12-MONTH OVERUSE INJURY HISTORY IN YOUTH BASKETBALL AND FLOORBALL
Authors: Leppänen M , Pasanen K , Kujala UM , Parkkari J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe popularity of organized sports, especially team sports is growing among youth. High training volume and intensity at early age may predispose young athletes to overuse injuries.ObjectiveTo examine the occurrence, nature and severity of overuse injuries in youth basketball and floorball.DesignA descriptive retrospective study.SettingFinnish youth basketball and floorball.Participants:406 athletes (mean age 15.9, SD 2.0) from six basketball and floorball clubs (210 basketball and 196 floorball players).Main outcome measurementsSelf-reported history of overuse injuries over the preceding 12-month period. Data was obtained from a questionnaire. The severity of injuries was defined according to time-loss from full-time game or training.Results172 overuse injuries (sustained by 139 players) were reported. Basketball players sustained 97 and floorball players 75 overuse injuries. Injury incidence in basketball was 1.1 and in floorball 0.8 injuries/1000h of exposure. Most of the overuse injuries involved the lower extremities (72% of all injuries). Most commonly injured site was the knee (45%). Another common site of the injury was the area of lower back/pelvis (26%), followed by the calf/shin (11%). No differences between the genders or the two sports were observed. Most of the injuries were slight (time-loss 1–3 days) injuries (33%). 23% of injuries were mild (time-loss 4–7 days), 20% were moderate (time-loss 8–28 days) and 25% of injuries were severe (time-loss ≥29 days) injuries. Overuse injuries caused an average time-loss of 24 days (SD 52).ConclusionsOver a one third of the players participating in the study reported having sustained an overuse injury in the preceding 12 months. Remarkable proportion of overuse injuries were severe injuries. Overuse injuries often cause long absence from full-time game and training. Prospective studies to assess the risk factors and mechanisms of overuse injuries among youth team sports are needed.
FRONTAL KNEE ANGLE DURING SINGLE LEG SQUAT AND VERTICAL DROP JUMP; A COMPARISON OF YOUTH ATHLETES WITH OR WITHOUT A HISTORY OF KNEE INJURY
Authors: MacDonald K , Whittaker J , Baltich J , Emery CA 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundKnee joint injury has been associated with changes in hip and knee joint function and is a known risk factor for the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). The Vertical Drop Jump (VDJ) and Single Leg Squat Test (SLS) have been used to examine lower extremity neuromuscular control.ObjectiveTo determine if young adults with and without a 3–10 year history of knee joint injury differ in frontal knee angles or knee ankle ratio during VDJ and SLS.DesignHistorical Cohort.SettingLaboratory Setting.Participants25 individuals with history of intra-articular knee joint injury, sustained participating in sport 3–10 years previously, and 25 matched (age, sex, sport) uninjured controls (16 males;17–26 yrs: 34 females;14–26 yrs).Risk factor assessmentHistory or no history of intra-articular knee injury (clinical diagnosis resulting in time loss from sport).Main outcome measurementsFrontal knee angle (FKA) (degrees) and knee and ankle separation distances (KAR) were measured from an image representing the lowest moment of the SLS and VDJ extracted from video and measured using ImageJ (National Institute of Health, v.1.47) software. Test-retest reliability (sub-sample n=20) was examined (ICC) and descriptive statistics (means, 95%CI) used to compare study groups.ResultsNo differences in right to left FKA differential was found for the injured participants compared to matched controls during the SLS (ICC 0.97) [injured 5.78°(3.01, 8.54); uninjured 4.75°(1.85, 7.66) or VDJ (ICC 0.98) [injured 7.69°(2.58, 12.80); uninjured 9.64°(5.57, 13.70)]. Similarly, no between groups differences for KAR (ICC 0.99) were demonstrated [injured 1.00 (0.90, 1.09); uninjured 1.04 (0.97, 1.12)].ConclusionsIndividuals with a 3–10 year history of knee injury demonstrate similar FKA and KAR during the VDJ and SLS compared to healthy controls. These finding are encouraging as the functional joint changes associated with knee joint injury do not appear to be present in this timeframe post-injury.
MUSCLE INJURY RATES IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL INCREASE WITH FIXTURE CONGESTION: AN 11-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF THE UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE INJURY STUDY
Authors: Bengtsson H , Ekstrand J , Waldén M , Hägglund M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe influence of fixture congestion on injury rates and team performance has only been scarcely investigated.ObjectiveTo study associations between match load, recovery days, injury rates and team match performances in professional football.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingEuropean professional football.Participants27 teams, all selected by the UEFA and all competing at the highest level of European football, playing 8 150 competitive matches during the 11-year study period were included.Assessment of risk factorsInjury rates and team match performances were compared depending on the number of recovery days between matches using two different cut offs (≤3 vs. >3 days and ≤4 vs. ≥6 days). Match load, injury rates and team match performances were also studied over extended match sequences during the season, each sequence containing five consecutive matches over a mean of 27 days (range 7–104 days).Main outcome measurementsNumber of time loss injuries/1000 h of exposure and amount of matches won, lost or drawn.ResultsTeam performance showed no association with match load except for Europa League matches that indicated more matches lost with ≤3 days compared with >3 days recovery (P=.048). Total injury rates and muscle injury rates, specifically hamstring and quadriceps injuries, were increased in league matches with ≤4 days compared with ≥6 days recovery preceding the match (rate ratio [RR] 1.09, 95% CI 1.00–1.18, and RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15–1.51, respectively) while no differences were found when using the other cut off (≤3 vs. >3 days). High match load during a match sequence was associated with an increase in muscle injury rates (P=.012).ConclusionsFixture congestion was associated with increased muscle injury rates but had no, or very limited, influence on team match performances.
FLUCTUATIONS IN STRIKE INDEX AND SPATIOTEMPORAL PARAMETERS IN PREVIOUSLY INJURED VS UNINJURED RUNNERS
Authors: Mann R , Meijer K , Malisoux L , Brunner R , Urhausen A , Nuehrenboerger C , Theisen D 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundLong-range correlations in running stride interval have been proposed as an indicator of running-related injury (RRI) and found to change with running speed. They have not yet been used to distinguish running style between runners having previously sustained a RRI or not.ObjectivesTo compare long-range correlations and stride-to-stride variability of strike index (SI) and spatiotemporal parameters in previously injured and uninjured runners over various running speeds. We hypothesized significant effects of groups and running speed for these parameters.DesignRetrospective, case-control study.SettingRecreational runners.Participants69 regular male and female runners (currently asymptomatic) either having sustained a RRI during the previous year (n=26) or not (n=43).Risk factor assessmentFive 2-minute incremental running intervals were performed at 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% of the individual typical running speed on a treadmill. SI, contact time (CT), flight time (FT), stride time (ST), duty factor (CT/ST), stride length (SL) and frequency were measured using an insole-based system. Coefficient of variance (CV) and the scaling exponent α of the detrended fluctuation analysis were calculated, and effects were analysed using repeated measures analyses of variance.Main outcome measurementsRRI, defined as a pain or complaint to the lower limbs, progressive in nature and influencing running activity for >1 week.ResultsThe RRI group displayed lower CV than the controls for CT (P=.01) and FT (P=.027). Significant differences in α between normalised speeds were found for all variables (P<.048) except SL. CV differed significantly between normalised speeds for ST and SL. No significant interactions were found.ConclusionsPreviously uninjured runners display significantly greater CV in CT and FT. Long-range correlations of SI and spatiotemporal parameters change according to running speed, but are not significantly different between previously injured and uninjured runners. Further prospective study to confirm these findings is warranted.
DOES WHOLE-BODY CRYOTHERAPY AFFECT THE RECOVERY PROCESS AFTER HAMSTRING DAMAGING EXERCISE: A CROSSOVER STUDY
Authors: Markovic G , Fonda B , Nejc Š 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundDelayed onset muscle soreness, induced by strenuous exercise, is one of the most common recurrent forms of sports injury and is associated with exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD).ObjectiveWe examined the effects of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on biochemical markers, pain, and performance parameters during a 5-day recovery period after a damaging plyometric exercise. We hypothesized that WBC would have beneficial effects on muscle recovery after such an exercise bout.DesignRandomized crossover study design.SettingRecreational athletes.Participants11 recreational male athletes volunteered in this study. Inclusion criteria were that the subjects were familiar with plyometric exercise, but they did not perform this type of exercise for at least 3 months prior to the study, were not injured or receiving any medications in the last 9 months, and were within normal baseline levels for biochemical markers.InterventionsParticipants completed a bout of damaging exercise for the hamstring muscles on two separate occasions separated by 10 weeks. During the control condition, subjects received no treatment after the damaging exercise. The experimental condition consisted of WBC everyday during the recovery period. WBC included single 3-min daily exposures to low temperatures (–140 to –195 °C) in the cryo-cabin.Main outcome measurementsBiochemical markers, perceived pain sensation, squat- and counter movement-jump, maximal and explosive isometric torque production.ResultsMajority of the observed variables showed statistically significant time effects (P<.05) in control group, which indicates the presence of muscle damage. Significant interaction between the control and WBC condition was evident for the rate of torque development (P<.05). Pain measures substantially differed between the WBC and the control condition after the exercise.ConclusionsThe results of the present study do not provide conclusive support for the use of WBC as a technique to enhance functional recovery after EIMD.