bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELASTIC DEFORMATIONS IMPACT IN ELEMENTS OF THE RAIL FASTENING, TYPE КПП-5 ON A SIZE OF PRESSING FORCE OF THE RAIL TO THE SUBRAIL BASIS
Authors: Nastechik N. P. , Marcul R. V. , Savytskyi V. V. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose. The railway transport is one of the most important links in economy of Ukraine, and it is a basis of its transport system. As the majority of freight transportation of coal and metallurgical industry is conducted by railway transport, its effective use is a necessary condition of stabilization and development in economy of Ukraine. One of the strategic works connected with implementation of high-speed train service in Ukraine is the reliable work ensuring of connection of intermediate rail fastening during operation. For engineering works, according to the contents and repair of fastenings the considerable share of labor expenses during operation of a way is necessary. One of domestic intermediate fastenings which after long operational supervision has implemented into continuous operation is the fastening, type КПП-5. This fastening is a prototype of the Polish rail fastening type SB-3. After the long operation in fastenings, type KПП-5, a number of the shortcomings connected with premature refusal of its elements was revealed. This in generally is connected with intensive reduction of size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis. Therefore the purpose is the development of a technique and practical control devices concerning a condition of work of a rail fastening knot, type KПП-5 at operation. Methodology. The assessment of various factors impact at a size of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis in the knot of a rail fastening, type KПП-5 at operation is the foundation of the research method. Findings. By means of the developed technique and practical control devices it was established: the general reduction of pressing force of a rail to the subrail basis during one mill. tons gross., taking into account influence of various factors, may constitute kN. Originality. Accordingly to the obtained results the author firstly described and expressed by empirical dependence the process of change of pressing force of a rail to a subrail basis in a fastening, type KПП-5 after the admission of T, one mill. tons gross. Practical value. The device design is developed for control of elastic properties and a numerical assessment of pressing force decrease of the terminal to a rail depending on the passed tonnage.
INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS SYSTEMS DESIGN AND EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION
Authors: Khalipova N. V. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose. In the paper the question of the development of a methodological approach to the determination of logistics systems’ performance and grounding of the most effective goods’ delivery schemes, based on the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, vector optimization approaches and discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes (phase method) is considered. Methodology. To achieve the goals of the research, the model of logistic system represented by multiple object that defined by the structure and content. The object is represented by hybrid superposition, composed of sets, multi-sets, ordered sets (lists) and inhomogeneous sets (sequences, corteges), which at each stage of cargo delivery present sets of technological operations of their processing, choices and decisions algorithms. Multiple structure of objects is constructive three, consisting of the carrier, signatures and axiomatic. To determine the effective scheme of delivery, applied discrete maximum principle using vector optimization criterion. Findings. In this article, logistics system of delivery is presented in the form of a multi-stage (phase) of the process. Each stage reviews a plurality of discrete activities sets, which includes the possible technology cycles of operations in goods handling. At each stage of a multi-phase delivery process from the supplier to the consumer, these sets are different. Considered a model example solving the problem of vector optimization options for delivery of goods by the road in the international logistics system for the five-step process. Optimization performed on the basis of three indicators. Originality. In this paper, the choice of the most effective way of delivery goods produced using the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, using the discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes, based on the vector optimization criterion. At each of its stages are formed a plurality of valid solutions as discrete sets of technological cargo handling operations cycles. Practical value. The proposed approach to the modeling of logistic delivery goods systems on the basis of the theory of functions and sets of multiple objects, vector optimization approaches and discrete maximum principle for multi-stage processes (phase method) makes it possible to assess the efficiency of delivery in logistic system’s modeling. The choose the most effective delivery option, based on vector optimization criterion become more possible.
Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Periodontal Status Between Habitual Water‐Pipe Smokers and Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Javed Fawad , Al‐Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Rahman Irfan , Millan‐Luongo Lorena Teresa , Feng Changyong , Yunker Michael , Malmstrom Hans , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: October 2015

Background: There is a dearth of studies that have compared clinical and radiologic markers of periodontal inflammation between water‐pipe smokers (WPs) and cigarette smokers (CSs). The aim of the present study is to compare the clinical and radiographic periodontal status between habitual WPs and CSs.Methods: In total, 200 males (50 WPs, 50 CSs, and 100 controls) with comparable mean age and education were included. Demographic information was recorded using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL], and marginal bone loss [MBL]) and numbers of missing teeth (MT) were recorded.Results: The duration of each smoking session for WPs and CSs was 50.2 ± 6.7 and 15.3 ± 0.4 minutes, respectively. Number of MT [P <0.0001], PI [P <0.0001], AL [P <0.0001], PD ≥4 mm [P <0.0001], and MBL [P <0.0001]) was significantly higher among WPs and CSs than controls. BOP was significantly higher among controls than WPs (P <0.0001) and CSs (P <0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the aforementioned parameters between WPs and CSs.Conclusions: Males in a Saudi Arabian community who were CSs or WPs had more MT and poorer periodontal condition than never smokers. The periodontal condition of WPs was equally as poor as CSs. Additional clinical observational studies with emphasis on sex and sociodemographic characteristics are needed.
Downregulation of Proteinase‐Activated Receptor‐2, Interleukin‐17, and Other Proinflammatory Genes by Subantimicrobial Doxycycline Dose in a Rat Periodontitis Model
Authors: Castro Myrella L. , Franco Gilson C. N. , Branco‐de‐Almeida Luciana S. , Anbinder Ana L. , Cogo‐Müller Karina , Cortelli Sheila C. , Duarte Simone , Saxena Deepak , Rosalen Pedro L. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) has been used as an adjunct in periodontal treatment because of its matrix metalloproteinase inhibition properties. Although the benefits of SDD therapy, such as improvement in the parameters of periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment level, have been proven in multiple clinical studies, the comprehension of other biologic mechanisms of action on periodontitis remains poorly investigated. Therefore, this animal‐model study evaluated the effects of SDD monotherapy on the expressions of the following key proinflammatory genes: proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐17, and IL‐1β.Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to the following: 1) control group: no ligature‐induced periodontitis and no treatment; 2) ligature group: ligature‐induced periodontitis and placebo treatment; and 3) ligature + doxycycline group: ligature‐induced periodontitis and SDD treatment. After the experimental time, animals were sacrificed, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the mRNA expression of IL‐1β, IL‐17, TNF‐α, and PAR2 in gingival tissue samples. Histologic analyses were performed on the furcation region and mesial gingiva of mandibular first molars to measure periodontal bone loss and collagen content.Results: SDD administration significantly downregulated PAR2, IL‐17, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β mRNA expressions (P <0.05). In addition, SDD treatment was accompanied by lower rates of alveolar bone loss (P <0.05) and maintenance of the amount of gingival collagen fibers.Conclusion: These findings reveal new perspectives regarding SDD efficacy because it can be partially related to proinflammatory gene expression modulation, even considering PAR2 and IL‐17, which has not been investigated thus far.
Probability Calibration Of Load Duration Modification Factor For Timber Roofs In The Polish Mountain Zones
Authors: Domański T. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The resistance parameters of timber structures decrease with time. It depends on the type of load and timber classes. Strength reduction effects, referred to as creep-rupture effects, due to long term loading at high stress ratio levels are known for many materials. Timber materials are highly affected by this reduction in strength with duration of load. Characteristic values of load duration and load duration factors are calibrated by means of using probabilistic methods. Three damage accumulation models are considered, that is Gerhard [1] model, Barret, Foschi[2] and Foshi Yao [3] models. The reliability is estimated by means of using representative short- and long-term limit states. Time variant reliability aspects are taken into account using a simple representative limit state with time variant strength and simulation of whole life time load processes. The parameters in these models are fitted by the Maximum Likelihood Methods using the data relevant for Polish structural timber. Based on Polish snow data over 45 years from mountain zone in: Zakopane – Tatra, Świeradów – Karkonosze, Lesko – Bieszczady, the snow load process parameters have been estimated. The reliability is evaluated using representative short – and long –term limit states, load duration factor kmod is obtained using the probabilistic model.
Impact Of Moisture Conditions On Early Shrinkage Of Ordinary Concrete With Changing W/C Ratio
Authors: Jasiczak Józef , Szymański Paweł , Nowotarski Piotr 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArticle presents the results of the effect of humidity on early shrinkage of normal concrete with variable W/C ratio. As known for a long time, shrinkage is dependent of many factors. One of them is the W/C ratio and the quantity of water which is located in the concrete mix. In article there were discussed changes taking place in the concrete mix, the methods of research and the partial results obtained by the authors of the paper. Shrinkage is a phenomenon well known and studied by various research centers. The total amount of shrinkage may depend on various factors such as humidity, temperature, composition of the concrete mix, the W/C ratio, the size of the item. The study was conducted to determine the amount of shrinkage in its early stages. It is very important for concrete floors contractors, precast manufacturers to start at the right time finishing work and prevent the formation of shrinkage cracks.
The Profitability Analysis Of Enhancement Of Parameters Of The Thermal Insulation Of Building Partitions
Authors: Życzyńska A. , Cholewa T. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The energy saving tendencies, in reference to residential buildings, can be recently seen in Europe and in the world. Therefore, there are a lot of studies being conducted aiming to find technical solutions in order to improve the energy efficiency of existing, modernized, and also new buildings. However, there are obligatory solutions and requirements, which must be implemented during designing stage of the building envelope and its heating/cooling system. They are gathered in the national regulations.
The paper describes the process of raising the energy standard of buildings between 1974–2021 in Poland. Therefore, the objective of this study is to show energy savings, which can be generated by modernization of thermal insulation of partitions of existing buildings and by the use of different ways of heat supply. The calculations are made on the selected multi-family buildings located in Poland, with the assumption of a 15 years payback time.
It is shown that it is not possible to cover the costs of the modernization works by the projected savings with the compliance to the assumption of 15 years payback time.
Flower Roundabouts And Double-Lane Roundabouts: A Comparative Performance Analysis
Authors: Giuffrè O. , Granà A. , Giuffrè T. , Marino R. , Marino S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the paper, a choice criterion between flower roundabouts and double-lane roundabouts is proposed, focusing on operational benefits that can derive from one scheme over the other, and outlining a general framework for benefit-cost analysis. In order to assess operational benefits of innovative roundabouts over modern roundabouts, a comparative analysis was made. Capacity was estimated using gap-acceptance models. In detail, assuming the dichotomic shifted negative exponential distribution to model headways in circulating streams, the Hagring formula was adjusted to obtain entry capacity estimations at roundabout approaches where entering vehicles face one or two conflicting flows. Based on the control delay, the suitability domains and indifference areas were constructed. Thus, a sensitivity analysis to changes in traffic demand for operational benefits of flower roundabouts over double-lane roundabouts was carried out and discussed. At last, evidence for new installations and conversion of existing roundabouts can be found.
Numerical Prediction Of The Effect Of Lamination Orientation On Fracture Behaviour Of Wires For Civil Engineering Applications
Authors: Adewole K.K. , Bull S.J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical investigation of the effects of lamination orientation on the fracture behaviour of rectangular steel wires for civil engineering applications using finite element (FE) analysis. The presence of mid-thickness across-the-width lamination changes the cup and cone fracture shape exhibited by the lamination-free wire to a V-shaped fracture with an opening at the bottom/pointed end of the V-shape at the mid-thickness across-the-width lamination location. The presence of mid-width across-the-thickness lamination changes the cup and cone fracture shape of the lamination-free wire without an opening to a cup and cone fracture shape with an opening at the lamination location. The FE fracture behaviour prediction approach adopted in this work provides an understanding of the effects of lamination orientation on the fracture behaviour of wires for civil engineering applications which cannot be understood through experimental investigations because it is impossible to machine laminations in different orientations into wire specimens.
Imperfections In Calculations Of Guyed Lattice Masts
Authors: Matuszkiewicz M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInfluence of geometric imperfections of mast shaft in form of initial mast span curvatures both on internal forces status in the structure elements as well as on those elements effort, which is particularly important at the design stage, was analysed based on an example of certain specific mast. The calculations were performed taking into account L/1000 imperfections equal to the permissible assembly deviations as per [1], and L/500 equal to initial imperfections as for uniform built-up columns according to [2]. Remarks and final conclusions have practical meaning and can be useful in design practice.
Assessment Gravel Aggregate Reactivity With Alkalis In Relation To Methods Of Test
Authors: Owsiak Z. , Czapik P. , Zapała-Sławeta J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR) is one of the major causes of damage in concrete. Potential susceptibility of aggregates to this reaction can be determined using several methods. This study compares gravel alkali reactivity results obtained from different tests conducted on coarse aggregates with complex petrography. The potential for the reactivity in the aggregates was revealed in the chemical test using treatment with sodium hydroxide. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to identify the reactive constituents. The expansion measured in the mortar bars test confirmed that the aggregate was potentially capable of alkali silica reactivity with consequent deleterious effect on concrete.
NMR detected metabolites in complex natural fluids. Quinic acid in apple juice
Authors: Ailiesei Gabriela Liliana , Ciobanu Mihaela , Balan Mihaela , Stavarache Cristina , Barbes Lucica , Nicolescu Alina , Deleanu Calin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Different types of 1D and 2D NMR experiments were used to completely characterize quinic acid and demonstrate its presence in complex mixtures. The identification of quinic acid in apple juice was done without any separation step. The NMR experiments presented in this study can be used to analyze other metabolites in different complex natural fluids, of vegetal or biological origin.
Level of Serum Electrolytes in Chronic Alcoholic Patients
Authors: Raut Mithileshwer , Ghimire Sangita , Regmi Prashant , Raut Sanjay Kumar , Jha Bharat 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to establish serum levels of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus in chronic alcoholic patients.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). A total of 90 chronic alcoholic patients visiting to psychiatry department of TUTH were included in the study. Age of patients ranges from 20-50 years. Study also included 90 non-alcoholic healthy controls that were age matched.RESULTS: Among the 90 chronic alcoholic patients and 90 normal healthy controls, majority of patients (95.5%) and controls (82%) were male, only few patients were female (4.5%). The mean age of the cases and controls were 35.42 ± 5.6 years, 34.53 ± 3.5 years respectively. In this study, the mean values of Serum Sodium and Potassium were lower in cases (133.58 ± 7.8, sodium and 3.64 ± 0.65, potassium) as compared to controls ( 139.43 ± 3.85, sodium and 4.15 ± 0.43, potassium) with the significant correlation in both groups (p<0.001). Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium level was depleted in cases compared to control groups.CONCLUSIONS: Hyponatremia and hypokalemia are the most common electrolyte abnormalities observed in chronic alcoholic patients.
Distinct displacements of the optic radiation based on tumor location revealed using preoperative diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Faust Katharina , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Visual field defects (VFDs) due to optic radiation (OR) injury are a common complication of temporal lobe surgery. The authors analyzed whether preoperative visualization of the optic tract would reduce this complication by influencing the surgeon’s decisions about surgical approaches. The authors also determined whether white matter shifts caused by temporal lobe tumors would follow predetermined patterns based on the tumor’s topography.

METHODS
One hundred thirteen patients with intraaxial tumors of the temporal lobe underwent preoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber tracking. In 54 of those patients, both pre- and postoperative VFDs were documented using computerized perimetry. Brainlab’s iPlan 2.5 navigation software was used for tumor reconstruction and fiber visualization after the fusion of DTI studies with their respective magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) images. The tracking algorithm was as follows: minimum fiber length 100 mm, fractional anisotropy threshold 0.1. The lateral geniculate body and the calcarine cortex were employed as tract seeding points. Shifts of the OR caused by tumor were visualized in comparison with the fiber tracking of the patient’s healthy hemisphere.

RESULTS
Temporal tumors produced a dislocation of the OR but no apparent fiber destruction. The shift of white matter tracts followed fixed patterns dependent on tumor location: Temporolateral tumors resulted in a medial fiber shift, and thus a lateral transcortical approach is recommended. Temporopolar tumors led to a posterior shift, always including Meyer’s loop; therefore, a pterional transcortical approach is recommended. Temporomesial tumors produced a lateral and superior shift; thus, a transsylvian-transcisternal approach will result in maximum sparing of the fibers. Temporocentric tumors also induced a lateral fiber shift. For those tumors, a transsylvian-transopercular approach is recommended. Tumors of the fusiform gyrus generated a superior (and lateral) shift; consequently, a subtemporal approach is recommended to avoid white matter injury. In applying the approaches recommended above, new or worsened VFDs occurred in 4% of the patient cohort. Total neurological and surgical morbidity were less than 10%. In 90% of patients, gross-total resection was accomplished.

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative visualization of the OR may help in avoiding postoperative VFDs.
Endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid infralabyrinthine approach to jugular foramen tumors
Authors: Samii Madjid , Alimohamadi Maysam , Gerganov Venelin 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Removal of jugular foramen (JF) tumors usually requires extensive skull base approaches and is frequently associated with postoperative morbidities such as lower cranial nerve injury. The endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid infralabyrinthine approach is a relatively new approach to tumors extending into the bony canal of the JF. The authors present their experience with this approach.

METHODS
The endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid infralabyrinthine approach was used in 7 patients, including 5 with schwannomas and 2 with paragangliomas. The access to the tumor, extent of its removal, postoperative neurological outcome, and approach-related morbidities were evaluated.

RESULTS
Two patients had a history of previous partial tumor removal, and 1 was treated by embolization followed by two courses of Gamma Knife radiosurgery. In this latter patient near-total resection was achieved. Gross-total resection was possible in the remaining 6 patients. Five patients benefited from endoscopic assistance: in 2 patients it showed a tumor remnant after microscopic tumor removal, while in 3 patients it allowed safe removal of the intraforaminal tumor by visualizing the surrounding structures. No permanent neurological deficit was observed after the operation. Two patients presenting with swallowing disturbance had temporary postoperative worsening that improved later. One patient developed CSF leakage that was managed with a lumbar drain.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that the judicious application of the endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid infralabyrinthine approach is safe and effective for removal of the schwannomas extending into the JF and selected paragangliomas without significant luminal invasion of the sigmoid-jugular system.