bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing resource information to users of a national computing center
Authors: Hanlon Matthew , Smith Warren , Mock Stephen 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe Texas Advanced Computing Center provides a variety of high‐end resources to state, national, and international computational scientists and engineers. Many users obtain information about these resources via the Texas Advanced Computing Center user interfaces, which are supported by an information gathering and distribution infrastructure. After a number of years of use, we needed to improve our user interfaces by both redesigning the web interface and adding mobile interfaces. To support this, we also needed to update our information infrastructure. This paper presents our new design, describes how it improves over the previous approach, and shows that this design meets our current and expected future needs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells with Reduced Graphene Oxide as the Counter Electrode Prepared by a Green Photothermal Reduction Process
Authors: Yeh Min‐Hsin , Lin Lu‐Yin , Chang Ling‐Yu , Leu Yow‐An , Cheng Wan‐Yu , Lin Jiang‐Jen , Ho Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHighly conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with good electrocatalytic ability for reducing triiodide ions (I3−) is a promising catalyst for the counter electrode (CE) of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, hazardous chemical reducing agents or energy‐consuming thermal treatments are required for preparing rGO from graphene oxide (GO). Therefore, it is necessary to find other effective and green reduction processes for the preparation of rGO and to fabricate rGO‐based DSSCs. In this study, GO was prepared using a modified Hummers method from graphite powder, and further reduced to rGO through a photothermal reduction process (to give P‐rGO). P‐rGO shows better electrocatalytic ability due mainly to its high standard heterogeneous rate constant for I3− reduction and in part to its considerable electrochemical surface area. The corresponding DSSC shows a higher cell efficiency (η) of 7.62 % than that of the cell with a GO‐based CE (η=0.03 %). When the low‐temperature photothermal reduction process is applied to all‐flexible plastic DSSCs, the DSSC with a P‐rGO CE shows an η of 4.16 %.
Hydrothermal Deoxygenation of Triglycerides over Pd/C aided by In Situ Hydrogen Production from Glycerol Reforming
Authors: Hollak Stefan A. W. , Ariëns Maxim A. , de Jong Krijn P. , van Es Daan S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA one‐pot catalytic hydrolysis–deoxygenation reaction for the conversion of unsaturated triglycerides and free fatty acids to linear paraffins and olefins is reported. The hydrothermal deoxygenation reactions are performed in hot compressed water at 250 °C over a Pd/C catalyst in the absence of external H2. We show that aqueous–phase reforming (APR) of glycerol and subsequent water–gas‐shift reaction result in the in situ formation of H2. While this has a significant positive effect on the deoxygenation activity, the product selectivity towards high‐value, long‐chain olefins remains high.
Withdrawal Assessment Following Subchronic Oral Ketamine Administration in Cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Walgren Jennie L. , Carfagna Mark A. , Koger Deanna , Sgro Mario , Kallman Mary Jeanne 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Recently there is increased regulatory interest in the assessment of physical dependence and withdrawal as part of the safety assessment for novel therapeutic entities. Choosing appropriate and sensitive parameters to detect withdrawal syndromes, and relevant positive control comparator drugs that can be administered in the same manner as the test agent, are critical study design elements. Pilot studies to determine the effects of oral ketamine in cynomolgus monkeys during, and following cessation of treatment, were explored. Detailed behavioral observations (both remote and interactive), food consumption, and body weight and temperature, were assessed during the dose‐ranging, repeat dose (5 or 14 days), and withdrawal phases (3 or 5 days). Doses explored during dose‐ranging included 20, 40, 100, or 200 mg/kg ketamine; subsequent withdrawal assessments were conducted following repeat dosing of 150 mg/kg. In the 14‐day dosing study, exposure to ketamine and norketamine was assessed following 8 days of dosing. Administration of 150 mg/kg ketamine produced decreased activity, loss of balance, ataxia, hunched posture, nystagmus, lateral recumbence, and changes in alertness levels during dosing phases. When ketamine was withdrawn, increased reactivity, increased activity, and stereotypic behaviors were demonstrated that were absent during baseline or the dosing phase of the studies.
Mortality following hospital discharge with a diagnosis of eating disorder: National record linkage study, England, 2001–2009
Authors: Hoang Uy , Goldacre Michael , James Anthony 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo calculate mortality of people with eating disorders (ED) in England, relative to that of people of the same age and sex, between 2001 and 2009. We were specifically interested in mortality amongst adolescents and young adults (15–24 years), and older adults (25–44 years).MethodWe analyzed a NHS Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) dataset for all England, linked to death registrations, to calculate age‐ and sex‐specific discharge rates for people with a diagnosis of ED and their subsequent mortality by one year after discharge.ResultsThe standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for adolescents and young adults with a diagnosis of ED was 7.8 (95% confidence interval: 4.4–11.2). This compares with an SMR for people of the same age with schizophrenia of 10.2 (8.3–12.2), with bipolar disorder of 3.6 (1.1–6.1, and with depression of 4.5 (3.6–5.3). Of the ED, the SMR for anorexia nervosa (AN) in people aged 15–24 was 11.5 (6.0–17.0), for bulimia nervosa (BN) was 4.1 (0–8.7), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (ED NOS) was 1.4 (0–4.0). For older adults aged 25–44 years, the SMR for ED was 10.7 (7.7–13.6). Specifically, for AN was 14.0 (9.2–18.8), for BN was 7.7 (3.5–11.9), and ED NOS was 4.7 (1.4–8.0), for schizophrenia was 7.3 (6.6–7.9), for bipolar disorder was 4.3 (3.5–5.1) and for depression was 4.9 (4.6–5.3). No deaths were recorded below 15 years of age.DiscussionThis study confirms the high SMR associated with ED, notably with anorexia and bulimia. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:507–515)
Development of Automatic Brain Temperature Controller Based on Conditions of Clinical Use
Authors: Utsuki Tomohiko , Wakamatsu Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYA new automatic brain temperature controller was developed based on the conditions required for clinical use from the viewpoint of various aspects of feasibility, in particular an electric power consumption of less than 1500 W in an intensive care unit. An adaptive algorithm was employed to deal with individual time‐varying characteristic changes of patients. The controller in water‐surface cooling hypothermia requires significant power for frequent regulation of the water temperature of cooling blankets. Thus, in this study, the power consumption of the controller was checked by several kinds of tests involving simulated control of brain temperature with a mannequin that had thermal characteristics similar to those of adult patients. The required accuracy for therapeutic brain hypothermia, specifically a control deviation within ±0.1 °C, was experimentally confirmed in terms of the root mean square control error, even though the present controller consumes less energy than a conventional controller. It can maintain a reserve power margin of more than 300 W even during full operation. The clinically required water temperature was also confirmed within the limits of the power supply. Thus, its practical application is highly desirable, since it will reduce the physical burden on medical staff and will offer greater usability and better medical cost performance.
Reverse‐Recovery Analysis of Parallel‐Connected pin Diodes Using a Physics‐Based Device Model
Authors: Horiguchi Takeshi , Sugimoto Takayuki , Tominaga Shinji , Urushibata Hiroaki , Fujita Hideaki , Akagi Hirofumi , Kinouchi Shin‐Ichi , Oi Takeshi 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a reverse‐recovery analysis of parallel‐connected pin diodes using a physics‐based device model. Since the pin diode model is based on a physical equation, the excess carrier distribution in the drift layer is estimated. A precise device model enables us to understand the transient characteristics of the parallel‐connected pin diodes. We investigated the reverse‐recovery characteristics of parallel‐connected pin diodes by using a physics‐based pin diode model. A difference in the wiring inductance or device temperature between the two pin diodes causes a transient current imbalance.Complicated reverse‐recovery current waveforms are observed under both conditions—a difference in the wiring inductance and a difference in the device temperature. They result from a difference in the starting time of forming each depletion layer between the two pin diodes. Simulation results are in good agreement with experimental ones within an error of 10% in terms of the reverse‐recovery loss. We find that a precise physics‐based pin diode model is very useful when designing a power electronics apparatus.
Evidence of the Formation of Surface Palladium Carbide during the Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane/Air Mixtures
Authors: Setiawan Adi , Kennedy Eric M. , Dlugogorski Bogdan Z. , Adesina Adesoji A. , Tkachenko Olga , Stockenhuber Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe catalytic combustion of <1 % methane in air over palladium‐based catalysts is investigated. The influence of operating parameters and pretreatment conditions on the activity and stability of the catalysts is studied. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of Pd/Al2O3 indicates the emergence of Pd carbide, even under lean conditions (0.6 % methane) and at temperatures as low as 180 °C. Significant differences were observed in the light‐off temperatures and extent of coke deposition, depending on whether the catalysts were conditioned under oxidizing or reducing conditions. The oxidized palladium catalysts were reduced by methane under reaction conditions and exhibited similar activity compared to catalysts which were activated under hydrogen. Time‐on‐stream experiments reveal that the stability of the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst reduced in hydrogen was only marginally improved compared to catalysts calcined in air.
Intrusive Thoughts in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Eating Disorder Patients: A Differential Analysis
Authors: García‐Soriano Gemma , Roncero Maria , Perpiñá Conxa , Belloch Amparo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe present study aims to compare the unwanted intrusions experienced by obsessive–compulsive (OCD) and eating disorder (ED) patients, their appraisals, and their control strategies and analyse which variables predict the intrusions' disruption and emotional disturbance in each group. Seventy‐nine OCD and 177 ED patients completed two equivalent self‐reports designed to assess OCD‐related and ED‐related intrusions, their dysfunctional appraisals, and associated control strategies. OCD and ED patients experienced intrusions with comparable frequency and emotional disturbance, but OCD patients experienced greater disruption. Differences appeared between groups on some appraisals and control strategies. Intolerance to uncertainty (OCD group) and thought importance (ED group) predicted their respective emotional disturbance and disruption. Additionally, control importance (OCD group) and thought–action fusion moral (OCD and ED groups) predicted their emotional disturbance. OCD and ED share the presence of intrusions; however, different variables explain why they are disruptive and emotionally disturbing. Cognitive intrusions require further investigation as a transdiagnostic variable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Analysis of essential elements in Pito—a cereal food drink and its brands by the single‐comparator method of neutron activation analysis
Authors: Adazabra Aaron N. , Ntiforo Apori , Bamford Samuel A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInstrumental neutron activation analysis using the single‐comparator method has been used for the multielement determination of essential elements in two main types of Pito brewed locally in Ghana. The precision and accuracy of the analytical method was validated and found to be within 10%. In all, eight different brands of Pito depending on the type of cereal crop used in brewing were analyzed for 13 different elements (Al, As, Ba, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Si, and Zn). It was observed that all brands were particularly enriched in nutrient elements Cl, Mg, and K. The rest were generally found in varying concentrations. As these elements are bioavailable in natural form, perhaps in combination with organic constituents, they are likely to be easily digested and assimilated by the human body. Arsenic, a toxic element, was found in insignificant amounts suggesting that it was within safe limits.
Hippocampal corticosterone impairs memory consolidation during sleep but improves consolidation in the wake state
Authors: Kelemen Eduard , Bahrendt Marie , Born Jan , Inostroza Marion 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe studied the interaction between glucocorticoid (GC) level and sleep/wake state during memory consolidation. Recent research has accumulated evidence that sleep supports memory consolidation in a unique physiological process, qualitatively distinct from consolidation occurring during wakefulness. This appears particularly true for memories that rely on the hippocampus, a region with abundant expression of GC receptors. Against this backdrop we hypothesized that GC effects on consolidation depend on the brain state, i.e., sleep and wakefulness. Following exploration of two objects in an open field, during 80 min retention periods rats received an intrahippocampal infusion of corticosterone (10 ng) or vehicle while asleep or awake. Then the memory was tested in the hippocampus‐dependent object‐place recognition paradigm. GCs impaired memory consolidation when administered during sleep but improved consolidation during the wake retention interval. Intrahippocampal infusion of GC or sleep/wake manipulations did not alter novel‐object recognition performance that does not require the hippocampus. This work corroborates the notion of distinct consolidation processes occurring in sleep and wakefulnesss, and identifies GCs as a key player controlling distinct hippocampal memory consolidation processes in sleep and wake conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seasonal Surface Drainage of Sloping Farmland: A Review of Its Hydrogeomorphic Impacts
Authors: Monsieurs Elise , Dessie Mekete , Adgo Enyew , Poesen Jean , Deckers Jozef , Verhoest Niko , Nyssen Jan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe combination of runoff‐generating areas (saturated soils) and overland flow concentration in features such as drainage ditches makes sloping farmland vulnerable to soil erosion. The establishment of drainage ditches aims at draining the excess of water from the farmland, particularly in areas where soils are saturated in the rainy season. The hydrogeomorphic impacts on the farmland itself and on downstream areas need however also to be studied. Off site, downstream problems comprise higher peak discharges, leading to gully initiation, an increase in sediment load, and flooding problems. On‐site problems such as the development of the drainage ditches into (ephemeral) gullies are less documented, although they may be important, as illustrated in the Lake Tana Basin (Ethiopia). The similarities and interactions between ephemeral gully channels and drainage ditches have to be considered to better understand all effects of drainage. Drainage ditches are a potential source of conflict between farmers with different interests and power, as well as between upstream and downstream users. A case study on drainage ditches on sloping farmlands in the Lake Tana Basin showed that nine out of ten catchments had drainage densities by ditches ranging from 53 to 510 m ha−1. Drainage ditches were constructed with an average top width of 27 (±9) cm. A significant correlation was found between stone bund density (physical conservation structures) and ditch drainage density (R = −0·72), in line with the Ethiopian government's ban on drainage ditches in farmlands where stone bunds have been constructed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study of Diphenylfumaronitrile and Furan‐Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole Alternating Copolymer and Its Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Sonar Prashant , Ha Tae‐Jun , Seong Yuri , Yeh Shih‐Chieh , Chen Chin‐Ti , Manzhos Sergei , Dodabalapur Ananth 
Published: March 2014

A fused aromatic furan‐substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole and novel diphenylfumaronitrile conjugated building blocks are used for the synthesis of an alternating copolymer (DPFN‐DPPF) via Suzuki polycondensation. In this paper, the first attempt to use the diphenylfumaro­nitrile building block for the synthesis of conjugated polymer is described. The number‐average and weight‐average ­molecular weights calculated for DPFN‐DPPF are 20 661 and 66 346 g mol−1, respectively. The optical bandgap calculated for DPFN‐DPPF is 1.53 eV whereas the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) value calculated by photoelectron spectroscopy in air (PESA) is 5.50 eV. The calculated HOMO value is lower, which is suitable for stable organic electronic devices. DPFN‐DPPF polymer is used as an active layer in bottom‐contact bottom‐gate organic thin‐film transistor devices and the thin film exhibits a hole mobility of 0.20 cm2 V−1 s−1 in air.
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Stereospecific Styrene Polymerization by Methylalumoxane‐Activated Ti (IV) N‐Trimethylsilylamido Complexes Bearing the N‐Biphenyl or N‐(6‐(2‐(Diethylboryl)phenyl)‐Pyrid‐2‐yl) Motif
Authors: Narayana Gurram Venkata , Xu Guangjuan , Wang Dongren , Speiser Maria , Frey Wolfgang , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: March 2014

Cp'TiCl2(N‐(6‐(2‐(diethylboryl)phenyl)pyrid‐2‐yl)SiMe3), [Cp' = C5H5 (3), C5(CH3)5 (4)], and the aminoborane‐free half‐titanocene analogs with the general formula: Cp'TiCl2(N‐(biphenyl‐3‐yl)SiMe3); [Cp' = C5H5 (7), C5(CH3)5 (8)] are synthesized and used in the polymerization of styrene. All the pre‐catalysts are active in styrene polymerization, >90% syndiotactic poly(styrene) (st‐PS) is produced, exceeding that of their ansa‐homologues (C5(CH3)5)TiCl2(6‐(2‐(diethylboryl)phenyl)pyrid‐2‐ylamido)(dimethylsilyl) (9) and (C5(CH3)5)TiCl2(3‐biphen‐3‐ylamido)(dimethylsilyl) (10) both in activity and molecular weight. Pre‐catalyst 8 allows for the synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight st‐PS with activities up to 5000 kgst‐PS molcat−1 h−1. Implications of the 2‐(diethylboryl)phenyl)pyrid‐2‐yl group on polymerization activity and molecular weight are discussed.
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Rapid Identification of Polymethoxylated Flavonoids in Traditional Chinese Medicines with a Practical Strategy of Stepwise Mass Defect Filtering Coupled to Diagnostic Product Ions Analysis based on a Hybrid LTQ‐Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Yu , Wang Fang , Zhang Hong , Lu Jian‐Qiu , Qiao Yan‐Jiang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe methodology of stepwise mass defect filtering (MDF) approach coupled to diagnostic product ions (DPIs) analysis on a hybrid linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)/orbitrap mass spectrometer was the first to be established to screen and identify structural analogues from complex herbal extracts.ObjectiveTo develop an analytical methodology that could be adopted to screen and identify structural analogues in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) rapidly and accurately.MethodsTaking polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) in the leaves of Citrus reticulata Blanco as an example, high‐resolution mass data were acquired by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a LTQ/orbitrap mass spectrometer. The stepwise MDF with multiple mass defect windows or mass windows enabled the original data to be analysed much faster and more accurately by reducing the potential interferences of matrix ions. Additionally, analysis of DPIs could provide a criterion to classify the target constituents detected into certain chemical families.ResultsIn total, 81 PMFs, including 50 polymethoxyflavones and 31 polymethoxyflavanones or polymethoxychalcones, were screened and identified from the original data and preliminarily identified.ConclusionThe analytical methodology developed could be used as a rapid, effective technique to screen and identify compounds from TCM extracts and other organic matter mixtures with compounds that can also be classified into families based on the common carbon skeletons. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linearity aspects of the ensemble of data assimilations technique
Authors: Megner L. , Tan D. G. H. , Körnich H. , Isaksen L. , Horányi A. , Stoffelen A. , Marseille G.‐J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe examine the linearity of the Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA) technique with respect to the amplitude of the applied observation perturbations. We provide explicit examples to assess the linear relationship between such modifications of the observing system and the resulting changes in the EDA ensemble spread. The results demonstrate that, for a state‐of‐the‐art numerical weather prediction (NWP) system, such linearity between the applied observation perturbations and the EDA ensemble spread holds well for temporal and spatial regimes relevant to global medium‐range weather prediction: specifically, for forecast lead‐times of up to approximately 5 days, in the vertical throughout the troposphere up to the lower and middle stratosphere and for broad horizontal scales.
Improved detection of host cell proteins (HCPs) in a mammalian cell‐derived antibody drug using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in conjunction with an HCP‐enrichment strategy
Authors: Thompson Jenny Heidbrink , Chung Wai Keen , Zhu Min , Tie Liu , Lu Yali , Aboulaich Nabila , Strouse Robert , Mo Wenjun (David) 
Published: March 2014

RATIONALEHost cell proteins (HCPs), which are process‐related impurities typically present at low levels in recombinant biopharmaceutical products, are often measured using an immunological technique, such as an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In contrast to ELISA which only provides the total amount of HCP, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) can provide both qualitative and quantitative information about the major HCP species. In this study, an HCP‐enrichment step was optimized and combined with LC/MS to identify and determine the relative abundance of HCPs present in a monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug product.METHODSAn NS0 (mouse myeloma) cell‐derived mAb drug product, whose total HCP level was less than 100 ng/mg of protein, was subjected to analysis by LC/MS. One‐dimensional and two‐dimensional chromatography options, together with the off‐line HCP enrichment strategy based on Protein A chromatography, were evaluated for optimal HCP detection.RESULTSWith this approach, nineteen HCPs were detected from a therapeutic mAb, an improvement over the detection of only one HCP without depletion.CONCLUSIONSCompared with other published HCP studies with LC/MS, the HCP‐enrichment step in our method enables a more practical and relevant application to approved protein therapeutics, which are mostly mammalian cell‐derived products with HCPs present at very low levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.