bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of 9‐dehydro‐17‐hydro‐andrographolide and sodium 9‐dehydro‐17‐hydro‐andrographolide‐19‐yl sulfate in rat plasma by UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS after administration of xiyanping injection: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Chong Lan , Chen Weikang , Luo Yuehua , Jiang ZiHua 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT9‐Dehydro‐17‐hydro‐andrographolide (DHA) and sodium 9‐dehydro‐17‐hydro‐andrographolide‐19‐yl sulfate (DHAS) are active ingredients of xiyanping injection in clinical use. A simple, rapid and sensitive UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method was developed for the determination of DHA and DHAS in rat plasma, and the pharmacokinetics of DHA and DHAS after intravenous administration of xiyanping injection was investigated. The plasma samples were treated with methanol to precipitate out protein, and the separation of DHA and DHAS was achieved on a Waters BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. DHA, DHAS and the internal standard (internal standard, IS) diethylstilbestrol were detected at negative ion mode. The precursor‐product ion pairs used in multiple reaction monitoring mode were: m/z 349.1 → 286.9 (DHA), m/z 428.9 → 96.0 (DHAS) and m/z 267.1 → 236.9 (IS). Calibration curves offered satisfactory linearity within the test range, and all correlation coefficients were >0.995. The lower limit of detection of DHA and DHAS in plasma samples were determined to be 0.1 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL for DHA and DHAS. All the recoveries of the quality control samples were in the range of 86.0–102.4%. The ratios of matrix effect were between 89.2 and 105.1%. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of DHA and DHAS in rats. The study showed that both DHA and DHAS were distributed and eliminated rapidly in rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qigong improves quality of life in women undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Chen Zhen , Meng Zhiqiang , Milbury Kathrin , Bei Wenying , Zhang Ying , Thornton Bob , Liao Zhongxing , Wei Qi , Chen Jiayi , Guo Xiaoma , Liu Luming , McQuade Jennifer , Kirschbaum Clemens , Cohen Lorenzo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND:Radiotherapy may lead to side effects that undermine patients' quality of life (QOL). Although mind‐body practices like qigong appear to improve QOL in cancer survivors, little is known about their benefits for patients who are receiving radiotherapy. Thus, in the current randomized controlled trial, the authors examined the efficacy of a qigong intervention on QOL in women with breast cancer during and after treatment.METHODS:Ninety‐six women with breast cancer were recruited from a cancer center in Shanghai, China, and were randomized to a qigong group (N = 49) or a waitlist control group (N = 47). Women in the qigong group attended 5 weekly classes over 5 or 6 weeks of radiotherapy. QOL outcomes (ie, depressive symptoms, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and overall QOL) and cortisol slopes were assessed at baseline, during treatment, at the end of treatment, 1 month later, and 3 months later.RESULTS:The mean age of the women was 46 years (range, 25‐64 years). Seven percent of women had stage 0 disease, 25% had stage I disease, 40% had stage II disease, and 28% had stage III disease. Fifty‐four percent of women underwent mastectomy. Multilevel analyses revealed that women in the qigong group reported less depressive symptoms over time than women in the control group (P = .05). Women who had elevated depressive symptoms at the start of radiotherapy reported less fatigue (P < .01) and better overall QOL (P < .05) in the qigong group compared with the control group, and these findings were clinically significant. No significant differences were observed for sleep disturbance or cortisol slopes.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that qigong may have therapeutic effects in the management of QOL among women who are receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer. Benefits were particularly evident for patients who had preintervention elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
An eHealth system supporting palliative care for patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gustafson David H. , DuBenske Lori L. , Namkoong Kang , Hawkins Robert , Chih Ming‐Yuan , Atwood Amy K. , Johnson Roberta , Bhattacharya Abhik , Carmack Cindy L. , Traynor Anne M. , Campbell Toby C. , Buss Mary K. , Govindan Ramaswamy , Schiller Joan H. , Cleary James F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND:In this study, the authors examined the effectiveness of an online support system (Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System [CHESS]) versus the Internet in relieving physical symptom distress in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:In total, 285 informal caregiver‐patient dyads were assigned randomly to receive, for up to 25 months, standard care plus training on and access to either use of the Internet and a list of Internet sites about lung cancer (the Internet arm) or CHESS (the CHESS arm). Caregivers agreed to use CHESS or the Internet and to complete bimonthly surveys; for patients, these tasks were optional. The primary endpoint—patient symptom distress—was measured by caregiver reports using a modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.RESULTS:Caregivers in the CHESS arm consistently reported lower patient physical symptom distress than caregivers in the Internet arm. Significant differences were observed at 4 months (P = .031; Cohen d = .42) and at 6 months (P = .004; d = .61). Similar but marginally significant effects were observed at 2 months (P = .051; d = .39) and at 8 months (P = .061; d = .43). Exploratory analyses indicated that survival curves did not differ significantly between the arms (log‐rank P = .172), although a survival difference in an exploratory subgroup analysis suggested an avenue for further study.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that an online support system may reduce patient symptom distress. The effect on survival bears further investigation. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Exogenous high‐mobility group box 1 protein prevents postinfarction adverse myocardial remodeling through TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: He Yiyu , Zhou Xiaoya , Zheng Xiaoxin , Jiang Xuejun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been reported to attenuate ventricular remodeling, but its mechanism remains mostly unresolved. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) is a crucial mediator in the pathogenesis of post‐infarction remodeling. Our study focused on the effects of HMGB1 on ventricular remodeling, and explored whether or not these effects were depended upon the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Rats underwent coronary artery ligation. An intramyocardium injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with or without HMGB1 was administered 3 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI). At 4 weeks after the treatment, HMGB1 significantly increased the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P < 0.05), decreased the left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD; P < 0.05), left ventricular end systolic dimension (LVESD) (P < 0.05) and the infarct size (P < 0.05) compared with control group. The expressions of collagen I, collagen III, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) were also decreased, while the matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 expressions were upregulated by HMGB1 injection (P < 0.05) compared with control group. No effect on TIMP3 was observed. Furthermore, TGF‐β1 and phosphor‐Smad2 (p‐Smad2) were significantly suppressed and Smad7 was increased in HMGB1‐treated group (P < 0.05) compared with control group, no effects on p‐Smad3 and p‐p38 were observed. HMGB1 also upregulated Smad 7 expression and decreased the level of collagen I on cardiac fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Silencing of Smad7 gene by small interfering RNA abolished the fibrogenic effects of HMGB1 on cardiac fibroblasts (P < 0.05). These finding suggested that HMGB1 injection modulated ventricular remodeling may function through the possible inhibition of TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1634–1641, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Weak forms of the Regularity Principle in the presence of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\bf {\mathsf {I}{\mathrm{E}}_1}$\end{document}
Authors: Cornaros Charalampos 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe study the strength of weak forms of the Regularity Principle in the presence of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {I}{\mathrm{E}}_1$\end{document} (induction on bounded existential formulas) relative to other subsystems of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {PA}$\end{document}. In particular, the Bounded Weak Regularity Principle is formulated, and it is shown that when applied to E1 formulas, this principle is equivalent over \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {I}{\mathrm{E}}_1^-$\end{document} to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathsf {I}\Delta _0+\mathrm{exp}$\end{document}.
Haplological dissimilation at distinct stages of exponence
Authors: Nevins Andrew 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter classifies the typology of morphological dissimilation effects into four distinct stages of the mapping from syntax to exponence: linearization, prosodic readjustment, M-Word formation, and allomorph selection, in that order. Each module has its own properties, structure-sensitivities, and suite of potential repair operations; for example, the earliest stage is insensitive to adjacency and phonological form, while the latest stage is sensitive to strict adjacency and aspects of phonological form. A modular architecture for exponence allows one to distinguish the properties of each type of dissimilation, thereby enabling predictive correlations between structural sensitivity and possible repair.
Iconicity
Authors: Laura J. Downing , Barbara Stiebels 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
One of the defining principles of human language is that the relation between form and meaning is arbitrary. Yet, it is also clear that language has iconic aspects, and for this reason the role of iconicity in explaining language structure has been a persistent issue in linguistic theory. While iconicity has played a more central role in functional linguistics, this chapter shows that iconicity often serves as an implicit guiding principle in formal linguistic analyses and theories, as well. This chapter critically reviews the various aspects of iconicity (i.e. complexity, isomorphism, and cohesion) in accounting for topics ranging from the role of sound symbolism in the lexicon through aspects of morphological and syntactic structure such as paradigm uniformity, reduplication, morphological linearization, differential subject/object marking, and noun incorporation.
Non-concatenative morphology as epiphenomenon
Authors: Bye Patrik , Svenonius Peter 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Non-concatenative morphological phenomena appear on the face of it to require a powerful morphological component, capable of more than straightforward addition of affixes consisting of segmental material. The chapter proposes that the full range of non-concatenative phenomena may be completely accounted for in piece-based terms using analytical tools that are independently necessary. These phenomena include mutation, infixation, ablaut or melodic overwrite, subtraction, metathesis, reduplication, and templates. First, lexical entries for affixes may be underspecified, lacking information about segmental or featural content, which is then filled in by the phonology. Second, the way in which the content of affixes associates to the word may be prespecified in crucial respects, and phonology may be faithful to prespecified structure. In either case, non-concatenative effects are exclusively down to the phonology, not the morphology, which is purely additive.
Conclusion: Cultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe
Authors: Aleksynska Mariya , Algan Yann 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This concluding chapter summarizes the very rich analysis and the main findings of the country-specific chapters. Despite the very different datasets and sampling techniques and sometimes different phrasing of the questions and measures, most of the country-specific researchers do find similar tendencies of immigrants’ assimilation. In many cases the immigrants’ values converge to the local context within a generation. The chapter highlights these similarities, as well as the most interesting and striking differences found across countries.
Functions, diversity, and evolution of traumatic mating
Authors: Lange Rolanda , Reinhardt Klaus , Michiels Nico K. , Anthes Nils 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTCopulation can involve the wounding of the mating partner by specialised devices. This type of mating, which we term traumatic mating, has been regarded as exceptional. Its prevalence, however, has not been compared across taxa, nor have its functions and putative evolutionary pathways. A categorisation has been lacking to date. We here show that traumatic mating is a widespread and diverse phenomenon that likely evolved via several pathways. Its putative functions include: (i) anchorage during mating; (ii) stimulation of short‐term female reproductive investment; (iii) male paternity advantages; and (iv) enhanced fertilisation efficiency in transitions to internal fertilisation. Both natural and sexual selection have likely contributed to the parallel evolution of traumatic intromittent organs in phylogenetically distant taxa. These organs are sometimes remarkably similar in shape and often, but not always, inject sperm. The target sites of trauma infliction and the nature of secretions delivered alongside sperm are thus far poorly studied, but data on both are needed to elucidate the function of traumatic mating. The few existing studies that explicitly quantify fitness impacts of traumatic mating indicate that this strategy may often be costly to the party being wounded. However, a comprehensive approach to assess overall investments and returns for both sexes is a major target for future work. Finally, for the first time, we corroborate quantitatively the hypothesis that traumatic mating evolved relatively more often among hermaphroditic than among gonochoric taxa.
9‐cis retinoic acid is the ALDH1A1 product that stimulates melanogenesis
Authors: Paterson Elyse K , Ho Hsiang , Kapadia Rubina , Ganesan Anand K 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1), an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of lipid aldehydes to lipid carboxylic acids, plays pleiotropic roles in UV‐radiation resistance, melanogenesis and stem cell maintenance. In this study, a combination of RNAi and pharmacologic approaches were used to determine which ALDH1A1 substrates and products regulate melanogenesis. Initial studies revealed that neither the UV‐induced lipid aldehyde 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal nor the ALDH1A1 product all‐trans retinoic acid appreciably induced melanogenesis. In contrast, both the ALDH1A1 substrate 9‐cis retinal and its corresponding product 9‐cis retinoic acid potently induced the accumulation of MITF mRNA, Tyrosinase mRNA and melanin. ALDH1A1 depletion inhibited the ability of 9‐cis retinal but not 9‐cis retinoic acid to stimulate melanogenesis, indicating that ALDH1A1 regulates melanogenesis by catalysing the conversion of 9‐cis retinal to 9‐cis retinoic acid. The addition of potent ALDH1A inhibitors (cyanamide or Angeli's salt) suppressed Tyrosinase and MITF mRNA accumulation in vitro and also melanin accumulation in skin equivalents, suggesting that 9‐cis retinoids regulate melanogenesis in the intact epidermis. Taken together, these studies not only identify cyanamide as a potential novel treatment for hyperpigmentary disorders, but also identify 9‐cis retinoic acid as a pigment stimulatory agent that may have clinical utility in the treatment of hypopigmentary disorders, such as vitiligo.
A 10‐year analysis of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma with sentinel lymph node biopsy and long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Beger Josefine , Hansel Gesina , Krönert Claudia , Fuchs Martin , Tanner Carmen , Schönlebe Jaqueline , Werner Carmen , Nowak Andreas , Haroske Gunter , Witzigmann Helmut , Wollina Uwe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an important tool for accurate staging of patients with melanoma. There is an ongoing debate whether the procedure provides therapeutic benefits or not.ObjectiveWe wanted to analyze 10‐year data from an academic teaching hospital.Patients and methodsDuring 1999–2009, 977 patients with early cutaneous melanoma have been treated. Of these, 419 patients had tumors ≥1 mm thickness. Patients with head and neck tumors were excluded, leaving 364 patients (202 men and 162 women). SLNB was not performed in 163 patients but was performed in 201 patients. For correction of bias, tumors >4 mm thickness were excluded from further statistical analysis.ResultsThe detection rate of SLN was 94.4%. False negative SLN were observed in 8.9%. Adverse effects occurred in 5.5%. The rate of positive SLNB was 16.4% and lymph node involvement 20%. Patients undergoing SLNB had a lower relapse rate (10.6% vs. 33.3%; P < 0.001). The most important finding is an almost 50% lower total death rate and melanoma‐related death rate in the SLNB subgroup (P < 0.001 for both).ConclusionsSentinel lymph node biopsy is an accurate instrument for melanoma staging to detect occult regional lymph node involvement. Data suggest a positive effect on relapse‐free survival. The observation of improved long‐term survival needs validation in prospective multicenter trials. The limitations of this study were that it was a single center retrospective analysis.
Training teamwork in medicine: An active approach using role play and feedback
Authors: Prewett Matthew S. , Brannick Michael T. , Peckler Bradley 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent reports in the field of medicine have recommended teamwork training as method of reducing human error. The current study evaluated a teamwork training protocol that used a lecture, several role plays, and guided discussion for feedback. Forty‐one medical residents participated in the training on 1 of 2 days (groups) and completed evaluation measures both prior to and immediately following the training program. Means for a situational judgment test (SJT) were higher for post‐training scores than pre‐training scores. However, mean comparisons with teamwork attitudes and learning goal orientation did not yield significant differences. An item analysis of the SJT responses indicated significant response shifts that corresponded to teamwork behaviors. Results suggested that teamwork training positively affected behavioral intentions for trauma room teamwork.
Structural Optimization and Improved Discharged Energy Density for Niobate Glass‐Ceramics by La2O3 Addition
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhang Qingmeng , Luo Jun , Tang Qun , Du Jun 
Published: January 2013

The structural and dielectric properties were investigated in the La2O3 added glass‐ceramics based on complex niobates. With the addition of La2O3, the optimization of microstructure was observed which resulted in the improvement of breakdown strength for the glass‐ceramics. Besides, the dielectric constant was drastically enhanced because of the doping effect of La3+ in the A‐sites of both crystallographic structures. Due to the combined effects of both high breakdown strength and polarization difference, the maximum discharged energy density of 1.2 J/cm3 was achieved in the niobate glass‐ceramics with 2 mol% La2O3, suggesting dielectric glass‐ceramics of this composition could be the most attractive candidate for high‐energy density capacitors.
Prevalence and characteristics of impacted maxillary canines in southern Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Sajnani Anand K. , King Nigel M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe incidence of impacted maxillary canines in Caucasians reportedly ranges from 1% to 3%. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and determine the characteristics of impacted maxillary canines in southern Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsThis retrospective audit involved 533 subjects with impacted maxillary canines that had been treated between February 1982 and February 2009. A customized data entry form was prepared to record and evaluate the status of impacted canines.ResultsThe 533 subjects (327 females and 206 males) with impacted maxillary canines, who were identified from the population of 26 039 subjects, represented a prevalence of 2.1%. Four hundred and forty‐two (82.9%) of these subjects had unilaterally impacted canines, while 91 (17.1%) of them had bilateral impactions. In 442 subjects with unilateral canine impactions, 220 (49.8%) were buccally placed, 194 (43.9%) were palatally placed, and 28 (6.3%) of the canines were found to lie within the arch.ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in this study of 2.1% was similar to the figures quoted for Caucasian populations. In subjects with unilateral impactions, buccally impacted canines demonstrated a slightly higher incidence (49.8%) compared to palatally impacted canines (43.9%).
Effects of berberine on rat jejunal motility
Authors: Chen Da-Peng , Xiong Yong-Jian , Lv Bo-Chao , Liu Fang-Fei , Wang Li , Tang Ze-Yao , Lin Yuan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate berberine-induced bidirectional regulation on the contractility of jejunum.

Methods
Different low and high contractile states of isolated jejunal segment from rat were established to investigate the effects of berberine.

Key findings
Stimulatory effects on jejunal segment were exerted by berberine in six low contractile states and inhibitory effects were produced on jejunal segment in six high contractile states. The effects of berberine on myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) mRNA expression, MLCK protein content, and myosin phosphorylation in jejunum were also bidirectional. Bidirectional regulation was not observed in the presence of tetrodotoxin. No regulatory effects of berberine on jejunal contractility were observed in the presence of verapamil. The stimulatory effects of berberine on jejunal contractility were blocked by atropine. The inhibitory effects of berberine on jejunal contractility were abolished by phentolamine, propranolol and L-NG-nitro-arginine, respectively.

Conclusions
Berberine-induced bidirectional regulation needed the presence of the enteric nervous system, and depended on the influx of extracellular Ca2+, related to the cholinergic system while jejunum was in low contractile states, and related to the adrenergic system and nitric oxide relaxing mechanism while jejunum was in high contractile states. The results suggested the potential clinical implication of berberine for alternating-type irritable bowel syndrome.