bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the Editor's desk
Authors: Tyrer Peter 
Published: April 2013

Icing in the cakeI write this as I am putting the finishing touches to a Simnel cake, one of the most tasty of old recipes. Those of my readers who are familiar with cake-making will realise that a Simnel cake is unusual in having icing in the middle of the cake, not just on top. This reminded me in a curious way of the British Journal of Psychiatry a journal with shiny yellow icing on the outside but quite a helping of icing in the middle as well. The making of a Simnel cake is a staging process, just as Scott et al (pp. 243-245) describe, with the marzipan icing, preferably golden like our journal, making the second and fourth layers, and with a delicate balance of currants and sultanas - no they are not the same but share many features, just like hospital and community psychiatry (Thornicroft & Tansella, pp. 246-248) - as a rich component of the cake mixture. But a Simnel cake needs spices too, so a touch of allspice, just like Warner (pp. 284-285) & Fearon's (pp. 249-250) feisty exchange of opinions about early intervention in psychosis, adds that extra touch of flavour, with just a lemon soupçcon of Amsterdam et al (pp. 301-306) and Thase (pp. 251-252) to tickle the palate's outer senses. But as every reader knows, there are extras in the cake, and in the Journal too, and they add to the flavour. It is absolutely clear that Zaara's 'speed limits' described by Shabbir Amanullah (p. 285) have to refer to the eating of Simnel cake, as with such a marvellous combination of flavours you have to eat slowly to take them all in.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Fanconi Anemia in Patients With Pretransplantation Cytogenetic Abnormalities, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, or Acute Leukemia
Authors: Ayas Mouhab , Saber Wael , Davies Stella M. , Harris Richard E. , Hale Gregory A. , Socie Gerard , LeRademacher Jennifer , Thakar Monica , Deeg H. Joachim J. , Al-Seraihy Amal , Battiwalla Minoo , Camitta Bruce M. , Olsson Richard , Bajwa Rajinder S. , Bonfim Carmem M. , Pasquini Ricardo , MacMillan Margaret L. , George Biju , Copelan Edward A. , Wirk Baldeep , Al Jefri Abdullah , Fasth Anders L. , Guinan Eva C. , Horn Biljana N. , Lewis Victor A. , Slavin Shimon , Stepensky Polina , Bierings Marc , Gale Robert Peter 
Published: April 2013

Purpose Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can cure bone marrow failure in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA). Data on outcomes in patients with pretransplantation cytogenetic abnormalities, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or acute leukemia have not been separately analyzed. Patients and Methods We analyzed data on 113 patients with FA with cytogenetic abnormalities (n = 54), MDS (n = 45), or acute leukemia (n = 14) who were reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research from 1985 to 2007. Results Neutrophil recovery occurred in 78% and 85% of patients at days 28 and 100, respectively. Day 100 cumulative incidences of acute graft-versus-host disease grades B to D and C to D were 26% (95% CI, 19% to 35%) and 12% (95% CI, 7% to 19%), respectively. Survival probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years were 64% (95% CI, 55% to 73%), 58% (95% CI, 48% to 67%), and 55% (95% CI, 45% to 64%), respectively. In univariate analysis, younger age was associated with superior 5-year survival (≤ v > 14 years: 69% [95% CI, 57% to 80%] v 39% [95% CI, 26% to 53%], respectively; P = .001). In transplantations from HLA-matched related donors (n = 82), younger patients (≤ v > 14 years: 78% [95% CI, 64% to 90%] v 34% [95% CI, 20% to 50%], respectively; P < .001) and patients with cytogenetic abnormalities only versus MDS/acute leukemia (67% [95% CI, 52% to 81%] v 43% [95% CI, 27% to 59%], respectively; P = .03) had superior 5-year survival. Conclusion Our analysis indicates that long-term survival for patients with FA with cytogenetic abnormalities, MDS, or acute leukemia is achievable. Younger patients and recipients of HLA-matched related donor transplantations who have cytogenetic abnormalities only have the best survival.
Associations Between Cigarette Smoking Status and Colon Cancer Prognosis Among Participants in North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III Trial N0147
Authors: Phipps Amanda I. , Shi Qian , Newcomb Polly A. , Nelson Garth D. , Sargent Daniel J. , Alberts Steven R. , Limburg Paul J. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeBy using data from North Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III Trial N0147, a randomized adjuvant trial of patients with stage III colon cancer, we assessed the relationship between smoking and cancer outcomes, disease-free survival (DFS), and time to recurrence (TTR), accounting for heterogeneity by patient and tumor characteristics.Patients and MethodsBefore random assignment to infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or FOLFOX plus cetuximab, 1,968 participants completed a questionnaire on smoking history and other risk factors. Cox models assessed the association between smoking history and the primary trial outcome of DFS (ie, time to recurrence or death), as well as TTR, adjusting for other clinical and patient factors. The median follow-up was 3.5 years among patients who did not experience events.ResultsCompared with never-smokers, ever smokers experienced significantly shorter DFS (3-year DFS proportion: 70% v 74%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.42). This association persisted after multivariate adjustment (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.49). There was significant interaction in this association by BRAF mutation status (P = .03): smoking was associated with shorter DFS in patients with BRAF wild-type (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.66) but not BRAF mutated (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.29) colon cancer. Smoking was more strongly associated with poorer DFS in those with KRAS mutated versus KRAS wild-type colon cancer (HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.12 to 2.00] v HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.85 to 1.39]), although interaction by KRAS mutation status was not statistically significant (P = .07). Associations were comparable in analyses of TTR.ConclusionOverall, smoking was significantly associated with shorter DFS and TTR in patients with colon cancer. These adverse relationships were most evident in patients with BRAF wild-type or KRAS mutated colon cancer.
Ovarian Expression of Insulin-Like Peptide 3 (INSL3) and Its Receptor (RXFP2) During Development of Bovine Antral Follicles and Corpora Lutea and Measurement of Circulating INSL3 Levels During Synchronized Estrous Cycles
Authors: Satchell Leanne , Glister Claire , Bleach Emma C. , Glencross Richard G. , Bicknell Andrew B. , Dai Yanzhenzi , Anand-Ivell Ravinder , Ivell Richard , Knight Philip G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInsulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), a major product of testicular Leydig cells, is also expressed by the ovary, but its functional role remains poorly understood. Here, we quantified expression of INSL3 and its receptor RXFP2 in theca interna cell (TIC) and granulosa cell compartments of developing bovine antral follicles and in corpora lutea (CL). INSL3 and RXFP2 mRNA levels were much higher in TIC than granulosa cell and increased progressively during follicle maturation with INSL3 peaking in large (11-18 mm) estrogen-active follicles and RXFP2 peaking in 9- to 10-mm follicles before declining in larger (11-18 mm) follicles. Expression of both INSL3 and RXFP2 in CL was much lower than in TIC. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirmed abundant expression of INSL3 mRNA and protein in TIC. These observations indicate follicular TIC rather than CL as the primary site of both INSL3 production and action, implying a predominantly autocrine/paracrine role in TIC. To corroborate the above findings, we showed that in vitro exposure of TIC to a luteinizing concentration of LH greatly attenuated expression of both INSL3 and its receptor while increasing progesterone secretion and expression of STAR and CYP11A1. Moreover, in vivo, a significant cyclic variation in plasma INSL3 was observed during synchronized estrous cycles. INSL3 and estradiol-17β followed a similar pattern, both increasing after luteolysis, before falling sharply after the LH surge. Thus, theca-derived INSL3, likely from the dominant preovulatory follicle, is detectable in peripheral blood of cattle, and expression is down-regulated during luteinization induced by the preovulatory LH surge. Collectively, these findings underscore the likely role of INSL3 as an important intrafollicular modulator of TIC function/steroidogenesis, while raising doubts about its potential contribution to CL function.
Palladin Is a Regulator of Actin Filament Bundles at the Ectoplasmic Specialization in Adult Rat Testes
Authors: Qian Xiaojing , Mruk Dolores D. , Wong Elissa W. P. , Lie Pearl P. Y. , Cheng C. Yan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In rat testes, the ectoplasmic specialization (ES) at the Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-spermatid interface known as the basal ES at the blood-testis barrier and the apical ES in the adluminal compartment, respectively, is a testis-specific adherens junction. The remarkable ultrastructural feature of the ES is the actin filament bundles that sandwiched in between the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and apposing plasma membranes. Although these actin filament bundles undergo extensive reorganization to switch between their bundled and debundled state to facilitate blood-testis barrier restructuring and spermatid adhesion/transport, the regulatory molecules underlying these events remain unknown. Herein we report findings of an actin filament cross-linking/bundling protein palladin, which displayed restrictive spatiotemporal expression at the apical and the basal ES during the epithelial cycle. Palladin structurally interacted and colocalized with Eps8 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8, an actin barbed end capping and bundling protein) and Arp3 (actin related protein 3, which together with Arp2 form the Arp2/3 complex to induce branched actin nucleation, converting bundled actin filaments to an unbundled/branched network), illustrating its role in regulating actin filament bundle dynamics at the ES. A knockdown of palladin in Sertoli cells in vitro with an established tight junction (TJ)-permeability barrier was found to disrupt the TJ function, which was associated with a disorganization of actin filaments that affected protein distribution at the TJ. Its knockdown in vivo also perturbed F-actin organization that led to a loss of spermatid polarity and adhesion, causing defects in spermatid transport and spermiation. In summary, palladin is an actin filament regulator at the ES.
Technical Regulation Reforms in Power Industry Through a Prism of CJSC ENSERTIKO History
Authors: Медведев  , Medvedev V. 
Published: April 2013

CJSC ENSERTIKA main activities in Russian power reorganization period as well as in modern conditions are considered. The
assessment of enactment results of a number of standard documents regulating conditions and rules of production and services
certification is presented. Certification problems caused by development of interstate or supranational technical regulations are shown. The fear has being expressed that three-level model of Russian normative and technical regulation accepted in the Law No. 184-FZ for providing communication between legal norms and technical norms becomes inadequate for technical regulation targets.
Laboratory Evaluation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement–Quarry Waste Blends as Unbound Highway Pavement Material
Authors: Edeh Joseph Ejelikwu , Joel Manasseh , Okpe Samuel Adakole 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Large quantities of quarry waste (QW) are generated in the blasting of rocks and are stockpiled on production sites. Also, pavement rehabilitation and reconstruction generate a large volume of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) waste that is disposed of along road alignments. All of these wastes are environmental hazards. This paper presents the results of a laboratory evaluation of the characteristics of RAP–QW blends with a view to determine their suitability for use as flexible pavement material. The mixtures were subjected to British Standard light (standard Proctor) compactive efforts to determine their compaction characteristics and California bearing ratios. The test results show that the properties of RAP waste improved with QW treatment. The maximum dry density increased as the optimum moisture content decreased with higher QW contents in the blends. Optimum California bearing ratio values of 52 % (unsoaked) and 66 % (soaked for 24 h) were recorded for 80 % RAP + 20 % QW and 60 % RAP + 40 % QW blends, respectively. With the potential for time-dependent increases in strength in view, the optimum blends satisfied durability requirements with insignificant water absorption and can be used as sub-base material in flexible pavement construction. This research provides results of the evaluation of RAP–QW blends as highway construction material, as based on the determination of the California bearing ratio. Further work may be encouraged to assess the resilient modulus of this material under cyclic load.
Extremely Low Birth Weight and Infant Mortality Rates in the United States
Authors: Lau Carissa , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Chakraborty Hrishikesh , Wingate Martha S. , Carlo Waldemar A. 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE:Infant mortality rates (IMR) and neonatal mortality rates (NMR) in the United States have not decreased recently. The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions of birth weight and gestational age subgroups to the IMR and NMR in the United States.METHODS:We used the most recent (1983–2005) US linked birth and infant death data and simple regression analysis to determine the contributions of specific birth weight and gestational age subgroups to trends in IMR and NMR.RESULTS:IMR and NMR decreased between 1983 and 2005 for all birth weight and gestational age subgroups. There was an increase in births of very low birth weight infants from 1.2% to 1.5% (P &lt; .001) over this period. The proportion of very low birth weight–infant deaths increased from 42.9% to 54.8%, resulting in recent nonsignificant declines in IMR and NMR. The proportion of live-birth infants &lt;500 g increased from 0.12% to 0.18% (P &lt; .001). The adjusted IMR and NMR over time (excluding infants &lt;500 g) have steeper declining trends than the ones including infants &lt;500 g. The changes in overall IMR and NMR in recent years (2000–2005) are not statistically significant. However, the adjusted IMR and NMR trends during this time are highly significant.CONCLUSIONS:The increased proportions of infants &lt;500 g and other low birth weight infants contribute greatly to the lack of a decrease in IMR and NMR from 2000 to 2005, although birth weight– and gestational age–specific IMR and NMR continue to decrease.
Sexual Initiation, Contraceptive Use, and Pregnancy Among Young Adolescents
Authors: Finer Lawrence B. , Philbin Jesse M. 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To present new data on sexual initiation, contraceptive use, and pregnancy among US adolescents aged 10 to 19, and to compare the youngest adolescents’ behaviors with those of older adolescents.

METHODS:
Using nationally representative data from several rounds of the National Survey of Family Growth, we performed event history (ie, survival) analyses to examine timing of sexual initiation and contraceptive use. We calculated adolescent pregnancy rates by single year of age using data from the National Center for Health Statistics, the Guttmacher Institute, and the US Census Bureau.

RESULTS:
Sexual activity is and has long been rare among those 12 and younger; most is nonconsensual. By contrast, most older teens (aged 17–19) are sexually active. Approximately 30% of those aged 15 to 16 have had sex. Pregnancy rates among the youngest teens are exceedingly low, for example, ∼1 per 10 000 girls aged 12. Contraceptive uptake among girls as young as 15 is similar to that of their older counterparts, whereas girls who start having sex at 14 or younger are less likely to have used a method at first sex and take longer to begin using contraception.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sexual activity and pregnancy are rare among the youngest adolescents, whose behavior represents a different public health concern than the broader issue of pregnancies to older teens. Health professionals can improve outcomes for teenagers by recognizing the higher likelihood of nonconsensual sex among younger teens and by teaching and making contraceptive methods available to teen patients before they become sexually active.
Fabrication and Basic Investigation of Flat Lignocellulosic Carbon Material for Self-Supporting Electrodes in Electric Double-Layer Capacitors
Authors: Funabashi Tsubasa , Sato Masamichi , Kitajima Masao , Shoji Shuichi , Mizuno Jun 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA novel flat, wood-based carbon material with heterogeneous pores, referred to as flat lignocellulosic carbon material (FLCM), was successfully fabricated by carbonizing samples of the softwood Picea jezoensis (Ezomatsu or Jezo spruce, a Japanese conifer). Simultaneous improvements of the specific surface area of the FLCM and the affinity of electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) for electrolyte solvents were achieved by vacuum ultraviolet/ozone (VUV/O3) treatment. The specific surface area of the VUV/O3-treated FLCM showed a 50% increase over that of the original FLCM. The spectra measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the number of O-C=O (carboxyl or ester) bonds increased, whereas the number of C-C bonds decreased. Additionally, the feasibility of using the FLCM as a self-supporting electrode in EDLCs was examined by measuring the electrochemical properties in a three-electrode system. The FLCM was confirmed as an appropriate self-supporting EDLC electrode material without warps and cracks. In addition, the FLCM can be used without any binder. Realization of FLCM-based EDLC electrodes with bendability, an area of several tens of square centimeters, and no risk of warp or crack formation, were indicated. Thus, FLCMs present a fascinating class of self-supporting carbon electrode materials for EDLCs.
Tuning Hierarchical Cluster Assembly in Pulsed Laser Deposition of Al-doped ZnO
Authors: Gondoni Paolo , Russo Valeria , Bottani Carlo E. , Bassi Andrea Li , Casari Carlo S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of hierarchically assembled Al-doped ZnO layers by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) at room temperature was investigated. PLD was performed in a background pressure of 100 Pa O2 to deposit clusters in a low energy regime and obtain nano- and mesostructures resulting from a hierarchical assembly of nanoclusters. We here analyzed the effects of varying the gas flow rate on mesoscale morphology, mass density and optical properties. The variation of the target-to-substrate distance was also investigated, identifying its effects on mass density and film morphology. The optimization of optical properties in terms of transparency and light scattering capability is of potential interest for photovoltaic applications.
Surface Modified Reverse Osmosis and Nano-Filtration Membranes for the Production of Biorenewable Fuels and Chemicals.
Authors: Gautam Amit K. , Menkhaus Todd J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) and Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) mandated that 36 billion gallons of biofuels should be blended into transportation fuel by 2022. Implementing this will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce petroleum imports and encourage the development and expansion of US renewable fuels sector within rural America. Of the 36 billion gallons of biofuels, 16 billion gallons is expected to be from lignocellulosic biomass such as trees and grasses. The Black Hills of South Dakota is rich in ponderosa pine. This feedstock for bioethanol production, which is widely available due to recent pine beetle infestation, will not only add to the RFS requirement, it will also have a positive impact on rural economies in South Dakota. From the wood chips of pine, after acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, the fermentable sugars obtained are relatively dilute in concentration (∼20-30 g/L). Hence, within a biorefinery, to increase the fermentation efficiency and decrease downstream processing cost of the biofuels, concentrating the sugars can be beneficial. In this study, Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested with complex lignocellulosic hydrolysate samples for their ability to concentrate sugars prior to fermentation. Fouling analysis and membrane characterization for both RO and NF membranes were performed by SEM, AFM, BET, contact angle and FTIR spectroscopy. Efficiency of membranes for their ability to separate fermentation inhibitors (e.g., organic and mineral acids, furans and phenolic compounds) from sugars, while simultaneously concentrating the sugars was studied to make the bio-ethanol production process cost and energy efficient. Three commercial nanofiltration membranes GE-R, TS40 and SR100 showed very promising results. GE-R concentrated sugars to more than 2.5 fold in the retentate, and simultaneously separated more than 50% of the inhibitory components into permeate. These results will increase the fermentation efficiency and reduce downstream purification costs of the produced fuel.
Design of New Structural Types from Oxocentered Tetrahedra : Continuous Polycationic Series from 1D Chains to 2D Planes in New Bismuth Compounds
Authors: Olivier Mentre , Marie Colmont , Marielle Huvé 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the Bi2O3-MO-P2O5 diagrams, most of the inorganic frameworks display Bi-M-O polycationic ribbons isolated by XO4 groups and interstitial cationic channels. They are formed of edge sharing O(Bi,M)4 tetrahedra. The width of the ribbons coexisting in the structures and their arrangement is changed from one compound to the next one. Due to mixed Bi3+/M2+ particular positions, a great chemical flexibility and a great degree of disorder may exist. It has been possible to extend ribbons to infinite [Bi2O2]2+ like sheets, sandwiched between XO4 based layers. In addition to this fascinating continuous polymerization from 1D chains to 2D sheets, O(Bi,M)4 and XO4 groups form ideal structural units for the designing of new materials through empirical structural rules that has been established.