bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro study to analyze reverse torque values of attachment screws with multiple loosening/tightening preload cycles
Authors: Alhameed Amira , Sinha Nikita , Thompson Geoffrey A. , Drago Carl , An Hongseok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine the number of torque/reverse torque cycles attachment screws can withstand before fracture, and to record the magnitude of reverse torque values for each of the 10 cycles of screw tightening and loosening.Materials and MethodsThe testing assemblies consisted of 30 temporary cylinder/multiunit abutment/internal connection implants (10 each from Dentsply Sirona Astra, Biohorizons, and Zimmer Biomet Dental). The assemblies were inserted into resin blocks, and temporary cylinders were connected to the multiunit abutments with new attachment screws and torqued to the recommended preload (15 Ncm Dentsply Sirona Astra; 15 Ncm Biohorizons; 10 Ncm Zimmer Biomet Dental) using a digital torque gauge instrument (Model 3, MARK‐10 Corporation, New York, USA) at room temperature without lubrication. After 24 h, the attachment screws were reverse torqued with the same instrument and the values were recorded. The torque/reverse torque cycles were repeated every 24 h for 10 days. Data were analyzed using mixed model analysis. A second test included torquing the used screws (30) until fracture or stripping occurred. The reverse torque values were recorded and compared with new screws that were torqued until fracture or stripping. A sample of used and new attachment screws from each assembly were viewed under both laser microscope (LEXT OLS4000, 3D Measuring Laser Microscope, Olympus) and scanning electron microscope (JEOL‐JSM6510, Tokyo, Japan). Data were analyzed using t‐test.ResultsFollowing 10 cycles of torquing and reverse torquing, the reverse torque values measured on day 10 were lesser compared with the reverse torque value measured on day 1 for 29/30 attachment screws (96.6%). According to the t‐test used for the second test, the p‐values among all three groups were ≥0.9 which were not statistically significant.ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that after 10 cycles of torquing and reverse torquing attachment screws, the reverse torque values decreased. There were no statistical differences between the magnitude of torque necessary to fracture new and used attachment screws.
Sleep discrepancy and cognitive function in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Soh Nadia , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R. , Doecke James D. , Canovas Rodrigo , Bucks Romola S. , Ree Melissa , Weinborn Michael 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThis was the first study to use cluster analysis to characterise sleep discrepancy (the discordance between self‐reported and objective sleep) across multiple sleep parameters, in community‐dwelling older adults. For sleep efficiency, negative discrepancy (the tendency to self‐report worse sleep than objectively‐measured) was associated with poorer memory, independent of insomnia severity, depressive symptoms and objective sleep. This suggests a unique role for sleep discrepancy as a possible risk factor for future cognitive decline, and warrants the need for further research.
Trait correlation and the assembly of island plant communities: Evidence from the Southwest Pacific
Authors: Ciarle Riccardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsPredictable and consistent differences between island and mainland organisms arising from biased colonization/establishment are known as insular assembly rules. Baker's rule is a long‐standing assembly rule predicting that the incidence of dioecy among early island colonizers should be lower than that of the mainland source pool. While Baker's rule is an established pattern of island floras, whether it results from trait correlation or factors other than insularity remains poorly understood. Here, I investigated the relative roles of insularity, climate, and dioecy‐correlated traits in regulating the incidence of dioecy across islands.LocationSouthwest Pacific.MethodsI amassed a data set of 485 plant species distributed across eight archipelagos surrounding New Zealand. Trait correlation was estimated using an association rule algorithm. I then used a null model and undirected network models to test for Baker's rule and to disentangle the relative roles of insularity, climate, and dioecy‐correlated traits in filtering dioecy among undifferentiated island colonizers.ResultsSome archipelagos conformed to Baker's rule, but the incidence of dioecy was not directly linked to insularity. Instead, it was directly regulated by dioecy‐related traits, that is, fleshy‐fruitedness and woody habit, which in turn were primarily driven by climate.ConclusionsIsland assembly rules can result from trait correlation. While results were partially consistent with predictions by Baker's rules, this resulted from dioecy‐related traits being largely excluded from island colonization/establishment because of climatic factors, not insularity. Geographic variation in this plant breeding system can be determined endogenously, rather than by being filtered directly by the characteristics of islands per se.
The nature and significance of the political ideal of the Rule of Law: Hayek, Buchanan, and beyond
Authors: Kliemt Hartmut 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHayek and Buchanan endorsed Böhm's “private law society” as expressive of the ideal of a government of laws, and not of men. But they also acknowledged that among the many, the enforceability of legal custom, adjudication, and legislation must be politically guaranteed by a state. Due to unavoidable state‐involvement, risks of excessive rent‐seeking and authoritarian arbitrary government loom large once “rules of rule change” enable sophisticated forms of ruling by law. Even if in WEIRDS (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic, Societies) legal rules are enacted, modified, and derogated exclusively according to legal “rules of rule change,” the prevalence of the key attributes of “generality, certainty, and equality of enforcement” of the Rule of Law is in no way guaranteed. — The paper addresses this and the role, nature, and significance of constraining ruling by law through practicing the “political ideal of the Rule of Law”.
Integrated vision language and foundation model for automated estimation of building lowest floor elevation
Authors: Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Li Longxiang , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStreet view imagery has emerged as a valuable resource for urban analytics research. Recent studies have explored its potential for estimating lowest floor elevation (LFE), offering a scalable alternative to traditional on‐site measurements, crucial for assessing properties' flood risk and damage extent. While existing methods rely on object detection, the introduction of image segmentation has expanded the utility of street view images for LFE estimation, although challenges still remain in segmentation quality and capability to distinguish front doors from other doors. To address these challenges in LFE estimation, this study integrates the Segment Anything model, a segmentation foundation model, with vision language models (VLMs) to conduct text‐prompt image segmentation on street view images for LFE estimation. By evaluating various VLMs, integration methods, and text prompts, the most suitable model was identified for street view image analytics and LFE estimation tasks, thereby improving the coverage of the current LFE estimation model based on image segmentation from 33% to 56% of properties. Remarkably, our proposed method, ELEV‐VISION‐SAM, significantly enhances the availability of LFE estimation to almost all properties in which the front door is visible in the street view image. In addition, the findings present the first baseline and quantified comparison of various vision models for street view image‐based LFE estimation. The model and findings not only contribute to advancing street view image segmentation for urban analytics but also provide a novel approach for image segmentation tasks for other civil engineering and infrastructure analytics tasks.
Fibrin aggravates periodontitis through inducing NETs formation from mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Chen Yinan , Mei Enhua , Nan Shunxue , Chen Xueting , Zhang Pengye , Zhu Qingyu , Lan Dongmei , Qi Shengcai , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the role of fibrin on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation from neutrophils and to elucidate the involvement of mitochondria in NETs formation during periodontitis.Materials and MethodsPlasminogen‐deficient (Plg−/−) mice were employed to evaluate the effects of fibrin deposition on inflammation, bone resorption, and neutrophil infiltration in periodontal tissues. In addition, in vitro tests evaluated fibrin's impact on neutrophil‐driven inflammation. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) levels within neutrophils were quantified utilizing flow cytometry and immunofluorescence in vitro. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory properties of the mtROS scavenger, Mito‐TEMPO, were confirmed to regulate the NET formation in vitro and in vivo.ResultsPlasminogen deficiency resulted in increased fibrin deposition, neutrophil infiltration, inflammatory factors concentration, and alveolar bone resorption in periodontal tissues. After neutrophils were treated by fibrin in vitro, the expression of inflammatory factors, the formation of mtROS, and NETs enriched in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were upregulated, which were reversed by Mito‐TEMPO in vitro. Moreover, Mito‐TEMPO alleviated inflammation in Plg−/− mice.ConclusionsThis study showed that fibrin deposition in gingiva induced the NET formation in Plg−/− mice, in which the DNA in NETs was from mitochondria depending on increasing mtROS.
Exploring the relationship between 24‐2 visual field and widefield optical coherence tomography data across healthy, glaucoma suspect and glaucoma eyes
Authors: Tong Janelle , Phu Jack , Alonso‐Caneiro David , Kugelman Jason , Khuu Sieu , Agar Ashish , Coroneo Minas , Kalloniatis Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo utilise ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) measurements acquired using widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans spanning 55° × 45° to explore the link between co‐localised structural parameters and clinical visual field (VF) data.MethodsWidefield OCT scans acquired from 311 healthy, 268 glaucoma suspect and 269 glaucoma eyes were segmented to generate GCIPL thickness measurements. Estimated ganglion cell (GC) counts, calculated from GCIPL measurements, were plotted against 24‐2 SITA Faster visual field (VF) thresholds, and regression models were computed with data categorised by diagnosis and VF status. Classification of locations as VF defective or non‐defective using GCIPL parameters computed across eccentricity‐ and hemifield‐dependent clusters was assessed by analysing areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCCs). Sensitivities and specificities were calculated per diagnostic category.ResultsSegmented linear regression models between GC counts and VF thresholds demonstrated higher variability in VF defective locations relative to non‐defective locations (mean absolute error 6.10–9.93 dB and 1.43–1.91 dB, respectively). AUROCCs from cluster‐wide GCIPL parameters were similar across methods centrally (p = 0.06–0.84) but significantly greater peripherally, especially when considering classification of more central locations (p < 0.0001). Across diagnoses, cluster‐wide GCIPL parameters demonstrated variable sensitivities and specificities (0.36–0.93 and 0.65–0.98, respectively), with the highest specificities observed across healthy eyes (0.73–0.98).ConclusionsQuantitative prediction of VF thresholds from widefield OCT is affected by high variability at VF defective locations. Prediction of VF status based on cluster‐wide GCIPL parameters from widefield OCT could become useful to aid clinical decision‐making in appropriately targeting VF assessments.
CT Anatomical Analysis of C4 Pedicle and Lateral Mass in Children Aged 0–14 in Southern China
Authors: Chen Jiarui , Huang Chengqian , Huang Shengsheng , Chen Tianyou , Zhou Chenxing , Zhu Jichong , Wu Shaofeng , Feng Sitan , Xue Jiang , Zhang Bin , Zhou Zhongxian , Li Jiakun , Pan Shixin , Xie Xiangtao , Zhan Xinli , Liu Chong 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe C4 is the transition point between the upper and lower cervical vertebrae and plays a pivotal role in the middle of the cervical spine. Currently, there are limited reports on large‐scale sample studies regarding C4 anatomy in children, and a scarcity of experience exists in pediatric cervical spine surgery. The current study addresses the dearth of anatomical measurements of the C4 vertebral arch and lateral mass in a substantial sample of children. This study aims to measure the imaging anatomy of the C4 vertebral arch and lateral mass in children under 14 years of age across various age groups, investigate the growth and development of these structures.MethodsWe measured 12 indicators, including the size (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, and D8) and angle (A, C, D, and E) of the C4 vertebral arch and lateral mass, in 513 children who underwent cervical CT examinations at our hospital. We employed the aggregate function for statistical analysis, conducted t‐tests for difference statistics, and utilized the least squares method for regression analysis.ResultsOverall, as age increased, there was a gradual increase in the size of the vertebral arch and lateral mass. Additionally, the medial inclination angle of the vertebral arch decreased, and the lateral mass flattened gradually. The rate of change decreased gradually with age. The mean value of D1 increased from 2.31 mm to 3.88 mm, of D2 from 16.75 mm to 29.2 mm, of D3 from 2.21 mm to 4.92 mm, and of D4 from 7.34 mm to 11.84 mm. Meanwhile, the mean value of D5 increased from 5.2 mm to 9.71 mm, of D6 from 10.19 mm to 16.16 mm, of D7 from 2.53 mm to 5.67 mm, and of D8 from 6.11 mm to 11.45 mm. Angle A ranged from 49.12° to 54.97°, angle C from 15.28° to 19.83°, angle D from 39.91° to 53.7°, and angle E from 18.63° to 28.08°.ConclusionPrior to cervical spine surgery in children, meticulous CT imaging anatomical measurements is essential. The imaging data serves as a reference for posterior C4 internal fixation, aids in designing posterior cervical screws for pediatric patients, and offer morphological anatomical references for posterior cervical spine surgery and screw design in pediatric patients.
Chlorhexidine gluconate for antisepsis in preterm neonates: A review of safety and efficacy
Authors: Harris Jamie B. , Monir Reesa L. , Schoch Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSepsis is a leading cause of death in preterm neonates. The increased susceptibility to sepsis is due to prolonged hospitalization, the need for invasive procedures, and immaturity of innate and adaptive immunity. Chlorhexidine gluconate is a popular topical disinfectant that was not recommended for use in preterm neonates until 2012. Thus, there are few studies assessing the role of chlorhexidine gluconate in antisepsis for preterm neonates. A better understanding of the safety and efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate as an antiseptic agent for preterm neonates is the first step in establishing best practice guidelines for this population.
Does gender predict research awards among prolific suicidologists? A research note
Authors: Stack Steven , Lester David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundRewards can both validate and promote the stature of a researcher in their field. Research has been mixed on the role of gender as a predictor of receiving scholarly awards, but much of it lacks control for research excellence, and awards in interdisciplinary associations have been neglected. This study fills these gaps for suicidology.MethodsBibliometric data from the Web of Science was utilized for this study. To control for research excellence the analysis is restricted to the 116 most highly prolific researchers, each with 70 or more works published on suicide, from the Web of Science. The research awards in suicidology, given by three different interdisciplinary associations, include the Louis I. Dublin Award, the Morselli Medal, and the Stengel Research Award. The link between gender and receipt of a major award is adjusted for possible mediators including long‐term research productivity (h‐index), years of experience, and organizational prestige.ResultsWhile the percentage of women winning awards is less than that of men, we find that there is no significant difference between the genders. The quality of research and years of experience predict the receipt of each award.ConclusionBased on a bibliometric analysis, women are not at a disadvantage in receiving research awards in suicidology. These results are consistent with recent research on gender and awards in economics, mathematics, and psychology.
Effect of body condition score on the interobserver variability of vertebral heart scale assessment in dogs
Authors: Bruining‐Staal Karin , Tiemessen Ilse , Vernooij Johannes C M , Beijerink Niek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe vertebral heart scale (VHS) is widely known and used as an objective standard for the evaluation of cardiomegaly on thoracic radiographs. It, therefore, plays an important role in assessing the severity of canine heart disease. The body condition score (BCS) is a nine‐scale body condition scoring system used to objectively document the body condition in dogs. Obese animals have widened precardiac and postcardiac mediastinum, fat deposits between the sternum and lungs or heart, as well as increased pericardial fat. These conditions could complicate cardiac silhouette evaluation and could, therefore, result in higher interobserver variability in the assessment of VHS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether overweight dogs (BCS 6/9, 7/9, 8/9, and 9/9) have more variability in the interobserver VHS measurement compared with dogs with a normal BCS (BCS 4/9 and 5/9). The dogs were admitted to a private referral center for different medical reasons. The VHS was measured by three trained observers in right lateral radiographs of 18 overweight dogs and 33 dogs with a normal BCS. Bland–Altmann plots were constructed, and limits of agreement were calculated to show the variability of VHS measurements. No statistically significant differences in VHS variability were found between BCS categories, observers, sex, or age categories. In conclusion, BCS does not affect the reliability of VHS assessment among trained veterinarians.
Computed tomography scan accuracy for the prediction of lobe and division of liver tumors by four board‐certified radiologists
Authors: Thomsen Brian J. , Ward Michael , Heo Jin Y. , Huynh Elizabeth , Ledesma Marc A. , Fuerst Jason A. , Vinayak Arathi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjective(1) Evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) scans for localization of liver masses. (2) Assess the agreement between radiologists on localization. (3) Determine if location influences the accuracy of localization and histopathologic diagnosis. (4) Determine what lobar vasculature radiologists found most useful for localization.Study designRetrospective.AnimalsA total of 67 client‐owned dogs with a total of 75 hepatic masses.MethodsRecords were reviewed for relevant data. Localization for each hepatic mass was performed by four radiologists (JH, EH, ML, JF) independently.ResultsOverall accuracy of mass localization was 217/292 (74.3%) by lobe and 264/300 (88%) by division. Accuracy for the quadrate lobe (11/27, 40.7%) was lower (p < .05) than for the caudate process of the caudate lobe (19/24, 79.2%), left medial lobe (47/64, 73.4%) and left lateral lobe (95/101, 89.6%). Accuracy for the right lateral lobe (17/35, 48.6%) was lower (p < .05) lower than for the left lateral lobe (95/101, 89.6%). Accuracy of localization was 173/192 (90.1%) for masses located in the left division, 37/48 (77.1%) in the central division, and 53/60 (88.3%) for the right division. The agreement (kappa) between radiologists was good (0.61–0.8) to excellent (0.81–1) for division and moderate (0.41–0.6) to good for lobe localization.ConclusionCT localization was more accurate for division than lobe localization of canine hepatic masses. Similarly, radiologists had a better agreement for division than lobe localization.Clinical significanceThis study supports CT as a useful modality for liver mass localization based on division. CT localization to specific lobes should be interpreted with some caution.
Fuel Consumption Prediction in Dual-Fuel Low-Speed Marine Engines With Low-Pressure Gas Injection
Authors: Rempel da Silva Amanda , França Gean Carlos , Ordonez Juan Carlos , Marques Crístofer Hood 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The International Maritime Organization has expressed its concern about the pollution caused by ships by putting in place regulations to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, ships must evermore be fitted with efficient and environmentally friendly engines, and one of the most essential selection parameters to consider is the specific fuel consumption. This parameter can be obtained by means of simulation models with various levels of sophistication, which can be either coded in basic programming languages or run in dedicated packages. The aim of the present study is to conceive a facilitated model to calculate the specific fuel consumption of low-speed dual-fuel engines with low-pressure gas injection driving either fixed or controllable pitch propellers. Clear specific fuel consumption trends were revealed when a normalization process was employed and then polynomials were obtained by numerical regression. This model requires very limited input data to predict the specific fuel consumption of an engine at any contractual maximum continuous rating, including part load operation. Results showed very close qualitative behavior and the highest deviations occurred for the brake-specific pilot consumption, peaking at about 5%. At last, the developed approach was concluded to be an easy-to-implement and fast-to-run model with promising usage for optimization studies.
Assessing Energy Savings: A Comparative Study of Reflective Roof Coatings in Four US Climate Zones
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Phelan Patrick , Neithalath Narayanan , Chopra Divya , Zhu Zhiyong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High albedo roof coatings are designed with the specific aim of reflecting a greater proportion of solar radiation compared to traditional roofing materials, thereby lowering the solar energy absorption into the roof. In this article, we present the energy-saving potential of silicone, acrylic, and aluminum roof coatings using EnergyPlus. Two of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) prototype commercial buildings—standalone retail of area 2294 m2 (24,692 ft2) and strip-mall of area 2090 m2 (22,500 ft2)—across four cities namely Phoenix, Houston, Los Angeles, and Miami have been used to model the effects of different types of coatings. The performance with reflective coatings was compared with respect to a black roof having a solar reflectance of 5% and a thermal emittance of 90%. Furthermore, we quantified the capacity of reflective coatings to reduce rooftop temperatures. A sensitivity analysis was done to assess the impact of solar reflectance and thermal emittance on the ability of roof coatings to reduce surface temperatures, a key factor behind energy savings. A contour plot between these properties reveals that high values of both result in reduced cooling needs and a heating penalty which is insignificant when compared with cooling savings for cooling-dominant climates like Phoenix where the cooling demand significantly outweighs the heating demand, yielding significant energy savings. Additionally, the study investigates how the insulation thermal resistance of the roof relates to the energy savings resulting from the application of reflective coatings, particularly in terms of their effect on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption.