bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion tensor imaging and T2 mapping in early denervated skeletal muscle in rats
Authors: Ha Dong‐Ho , Choi Sunseob , Kang Eun‐Ju , Park Hwan Tae 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundTo evaluate the temporal changes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices, T2 values, and visual signal intensity on various fat suppression techniques in the early state of denervated skeletal muscle in a rat model.MethodsInstitutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval was obtained. Sciatic nerves of eight rats were transected for irreversible neurotmesis model. We examined normal lower leg and denervated muscles at 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks on a 3 Tesla MR. fractional anisotropy (FA), mean apparent diffusion coefficient (mADC), and T2 values were measured by using DTI and T2 mapping scan. We subjectively classified the signal intensity change on various fat suppression images into the following three grades: negative, suspicious, and definite change. Wilcoxon‐sign rank test and Kruskal‐Wallis test were used for the comparison of FA, mADC, T2 values. McNemar's test was used for comparing signal intensity change among fat suppression techniques.ResultsFA values of denervated muscles at 3 days (0.35 ± 0.06), 1 week (0.29 ± 0.04), and 2 weeks (0.34 ± 0.05) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that in the control group (0.54 ± 0.17). mADC of denervated muscles decreased without statistically significant (P > 0.05) change. T2 values were significantly increased at 1 week (38.11 ± 6.42 ms, P = 0.017) and markedly increased at 2 weeks (46.53 ± 5.17 ms, P = 0.012). The grade of visual signal intensity change on chemical shift selective fat saturation, STIR and IDEAL images were identical in all cases (P = 1.000).ConclusionFA and T2 values can demonstrate the early temporal changes in denervated rat skeletal muscle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:617–623.
Druck‐ und biegebeanspruchte Stäbe mit dünnwandigem Hohlkastenquerschnitt
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Taras Andreas , Hafner Simon 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDruck‐ und biegebeanspruchte Stäbe mit Hohlkastenquerschnitten größerer Abmessungen (etwa b ≥ 400 mm) können insbesondere bei höherfesten Stählen bei wirtschaftlicher Optimierung zu schlanken Querschnitten der Querschnittsklasse 4 führen. Die dargestellte systematische Untersuchung von schlanken quadratischen Hohlprofilquerschnitten unter Druckbeanspruchung sowie Druck‐ und Biegebeanspruchung vergleicht die realitätsnahen numerischen Traglasten mit jenen des Eurocodes. Die aktuell unbefriedigende Festlegung lokaler Imperfektionen im Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐5 wird dargestellt. Die deutlich höheren Tragfähigkeiten bei Knickstäben mit Endeinspannung und durchschlagenden Momenten gegenüber dem Eurocode lassen unter Umständen eine Erweiterung der Gelenkfachwerktheorie auf schlanke Querschnitte der Querschnittsklasse 4 zu. Dies wird für die Füllstäbe eines untersuchten weitgespannten Fachwerkträgers aufgezeigt.Beam columns with thin walled boxed sections – Load bearing behaviour and increased loading capacity compared with Eurocode 3. Beam columns with box sections, especially if fabricated from plates made of high strength steels, often lead to slender elements with class 4 cross‐sections, i. e. sections that are susceptible to local buckling. The presented comprehensive study compares the load bearing capacity, based on nonlinear FEM‐models, with the predictions of Eurocode 3. The definitions of local imperfections in Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐5 are presented and discussed. The detected, significantly increased loading capacity of columns with fixed ends and antisymmetric moment distributions is an indication that, even for class 4 sections, a hinged‐truss model may be used in the global analysis with sufficient safety. This is shown for the design of members of a single‐span truss girder by means of a numerical example.
Sparseness for the symmetric hit problem at all primes
Authors: PENGELLEY DAVID , WILLIAMS FRANK 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe hit problem for a module over the Steenrod algebra $\mathcal{A}$ seeks a minimal set of $\mathcal{A}$-generators (“non-hit elements,” those not in the image of positive degree elements of $\mathcal{A}$). This problem has been studied for 25 years in a variety of contexts and, although general or complete results have been difficult to obtain, partial results have been obtained in many cases.For any prime p ⩾ 2, consider the algebra of symmetric polynomials in l variables over $\mathbb{F}$p (the cohomology of BU(l) [BO(l) for p = 2]). We prove a general sparseness result: For any l, the $\mathcal{A}$-generators can be concentrated in complex [real for p = 2] degrees τ such that α((p - 1) (τ + l)) ⩽(p - 1)l, where α(m) denotes the sum of the digits in the p-ary expansion of m.The specialisation of this result to p = 2 was proved by Janfada and Wood using different methods. Key ingredients of our approach are an action of the Kudo–Araki–May algebra on the $\mathcal{A}$-primitives in homology, and a symmetric homology adaptation of the concept behind the χ-trick in cohomology.
The Confidentiality of Confessions in the Anglican Church of Australia
Authors: Blake Garth 
Published: December 2014

On 1 July 2014 the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia passed the Canon Concerning Confessions 1989 (Amendment) Canon 2014, which creates a further exception to the confidentiality of a confession. Under this further exception, a member of the clergy is only required to keep the confession of a ‘serious offence’ confidential where reasonably satisfied that that the penitent has reported the serious offence to the police and, if the penitent is a church worker or a member of the clergy, to the Director of Professional Standards (section 2A(2)). In moving this Bill, I argued that the fundamental theological principle to which it gave expression is that the safety of the members of the Church and the public should be of paramount concern when considering the issue of the confidentiality of confessions, and that accordingly confessions must not operate as a cloak for the concealment of serious criminal offences.
Calorie Elasticities with Income Dynamics: Evidence from the Literature
Authors: Zhou De , Yu Xiaohua 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes a finite mixture model to identify the behavioral transition of calorie consumption with an assumption that nutrition consumption is a mixture of behaviors in two different stages: a poor stage and an affluent stage. Based on a meta‐analysis of 387 calorie‐income elasticities collected from 90 primary studies, it is found that the threshold income for calorie demand transition is $460 in 2012 prices. This implies that the transitional threshold for calorie consumption is $1.26/day, which is slightly lower than the World Bank's poverty line ($1.25/day in 2005 purchasing power parity prices) after deflation. This study provides a new empirical approach to evaluate the transition of calorie consumption and poverty line.
Experimental study of pharmacokinetics of external, whole‐body bathing application of ivermectin
Authors: Miyajima Atsushi , Komoda Masayo , Akagi Keita , Yuzawa Kaoru , Yoshimasu Takashi , Yamamoto Yosuke , Hirota Takashi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs a novel method improving the safety of conventional oral ivermectin (IVM) for scabies treatment, we conceived an idea called the “whole‐body bathing method”. In this method, the patients would bathe themselves in a bathing fluid containing IVM at an effective concentration. To evaluate the feasibility of the method, we investigated the IVM concentration in the skin and plasma after bathing rats in a fluid containing 100 ng/mL of IVM. After the bathing, the concentration of IVM in the skin was more than 400 ng/g wet weight and was maintained until 8 h after the bathing. The concentration was clearly higher than that in patients taking IVM p.o. as previously reported; IVM was not detected in plasma in the present study. Thus, the method would be a preferable drug delivery system for the skin application of IVM compared with p.o. administration.
Community treatment orders: clinical and social outcomes, and a subgroup analysis from the OCTET RCT
Authors: Rugkåsa J. , Molodynski A. , Yeeles K. , Vazquez Montes M. , Visser C. , Burns T. ,   the OCTET Group
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveDespite widespread use internationally, there is no convincing evidence that community treatment orders (CTO) (legal regimes making out‐patient treatment compulsory), reduce readmission rates or have wider patient benefit. The primary and secondary outcomes of the Oxford Community Treatment Order Evaluation Trial (OCTET) (hospitalisation) showed no benefit. This article will, first, test the effect of community compulsion on wider clinical and social outcomes and on patients' experiences of services and the use of treatment pressure and second, explore differential effects in different groups of patients.MethodOCTET is a RCT of CTO effectiveness. Three hundred and thirty‐six patients were randomised and data for the 333 eligible patients were collected from interviews and medical records at baseline, 6 and 12 months.ResultsThere was no significant difference at 12 months between the two arms in any of the reported outcomes, except a small difference in patients' view of the effectiveness of treatment pressure, which is unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Two statistically significant interactions were found in the subgroup analysis: symptoms interacted with age and with education, but no pattern was demonstrated.ConclusionCTOs do not have benefit on any of the tested outcomes, or for any subgroup of patients. Their continued use should be carefully reconsidered.
Regional use of the Australian Chronic Disease Dental Scheme
Authors: Kraatz Jennifer , Qin Daiyo , Hoang Ha , Godwin Diana , Crocombe Leonard A 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a different number and type of services were provided in Australian regional areas under the Australian Government‐funded Chronic Disease Dental Scheme (CDDS).DesignRetrospective analysis of administrative payments data.SettingAustralia.ParticipantsPatients receiving dental services under the Medicare CDDS.InterventionsThe CDDS.Main outcome measuresNumber and type of services.MethodCDDS service categories Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) regions were collected by the Australian Department of Human Services between 2008 and 2013 and compared by Australian Bureau of Statistics ASGS estimated resident regional 2011 population, and by employed number of dentists, dental specialists and dental prosthetists from the 2011 National Health Workforce Dataset.ResultsNumber of services provided was greatest in major cities (79.0%), followed by inner regional (15.4%), outer regional (5.2%) and remote/very remote Australia (0.4%). Number of services per head of population decreased from 1.088 in major cities to 0.16 in remote/very remote areas. Number of services provided per dental practitioner showed minimal variation between major city (1672), inner (1777) and outer regional (1627) areas, but was lower in remote/very remote areas (641). Crown and bridge, periodontic, endodontic and removable prostheses per dental practitioner were most frequently supplied in the major cities, but restorative care and oral surgery were more frequently supplied in inner and outer regional areas.ConclusionThe number of CDDS services provided declined with regional remoteness. There was a marked difference in the utilisation of the scheme between major cities and remote/very remote areas in both number and type of service levels.
Development of an in vitro model for the analysis of bovine endometrium using simple techniques
Authors: Yamauchi Keisuke , Yamauchi Nobuhiko , Yamagami Kazuki , Nakamura Nobuhisa , Yamashita Seiya , Islam Md. Rashedul , Tabata Shoji , Yahiro Kanji , Tamura Tomoko , Hashizume Kazuyoshi , Hattori Masa‐aki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to develop an in vitro model for the analysis of the bovine endometrium. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that the hetero‐spheroids and the cultured explants showed almost similar structure in the localization of bovine endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial stromal cells, except the glandular‐like structure of the epithelial cells inside the explants. Gelatin zymography revealed that the hetero‐spheroids did not express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after 4 days of culture, but strong MMP expressions were observed in the cultured explants until 7 days of culture. Additionally, expression of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), type I interferon receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and 2 (IFNAR2) messenger RNA was observed both in the homo‐ and hetero‐spheroids. The expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) mRNA in E2 and E2+P4 (1,3,5(10)‐Estratrien‐3, 17β‐diol + 4‐Pregnen‐3, 20‐dinone) treated groups were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the control group of spheroids. In case of cultured explants, the expression of PR and OTR mRNA were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in E2 treated groups compared to the control groups. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA expression was also higher in P4 treated groups at 10 days in culture (P < 0.05). In a nutshell, the in vitro model developed in this study for the analysis of the endometrium may provide a new platform for extensive research on bovine endometrial function.
Physiometabolic responses to road transport in weaned piglets for a short period and the effects of straw bedding
Authors: Roldan‐Santiago Patricia , Trujillo‐Ortega María , Borderas‐Tordesillas Fernando , Martínez‐Rodríguez Roberto , Mora‐Medina Patricia , Flores‐Peinado Salvador , Sánchez‐Hernández Mónica , García‐Herrera Ricardo , González‐Lozano Miguel , Mota‐Rojas Daniel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the physiometabolic responses to stress in hybrid suckling piglets that were weaned and transported at different ages on a paved road under two vehicle conditions: with and without a layer of straw bedding. The piglets were weaned and transported at the following ages: 8, 15 and 22 days. The duration of each trip was 1 h. The piglets in each group were further divided into two sub‐groups for two distinct experimental transport conditions: (1) over the road with straw bedding; and (2) over the same road but without straw bedding. A total of three repetitions were performed for each experimental condition. In order to assess their responses to weaning‐ and transport‐induced stress, the study evaluated a thorough physiometabolic blood profile. The 8‐ and 15‐day‐old piglets transported without straw bedding showed increases in their pCO2, blood glucose, blood lactate levels and the percentage of hematocrit, but a decrease of pO2 upon arrival (P < 0.05). In contrast, the 22‐day‐old piglets transported on the same road with straw bedding were able to re‐establish their blood concentrations of lactate, pCO2, pO2, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and pH during the trip (P < 0.05).
Anatomical study of blood supply to the cervical spinal cord in the guinea pig
Authors: Mazensky David , Danko Jan , Petrovova Eva , Flesarova Slavka , Supuka Peter , Supukova Anna , Luptakova Lenka , Purzyc Halina 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the arterial arrangement of the cervical spinal cord in the guinea pig. The study was carried out on 20 adult English self guinea pigs using corrosion and dissection technique. Batson's corrosion casting kit no. 17© was used as a casting medium. The origin of the ventral spinal artery from the left vertebral artery was found on average in 35% of the cases and from the right vertebral artery on average in 40% of the cases. The ventral spinal artery with origin from the anastomosis of two medial branches was found on average in 25% of the cases. The presence of ventral radicular branches of rami spinales entering the ventral spinal artery in the cervical region was observed in 42% of the cases on the right side and in 58% of the cases on the left side. The presence of dorsal radicular branches of rami spinales that reached the spinal cord was observed in 63% of the cases on the left side and in 37% of the cases on the right side. The number of radicular branches supplying the spinal cord is greater in guinea pig than in humans.
Public health evolutionary biology of antimicrobial resistance: priorities for intervention
Authors: Baquero Fernando , Lanza Val F. , Cantón Rafael , Coque Teresa M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe three main processes shaping the evolutionary ecology of antibiotic resistance (AbR) involve the emergence, invasion and occupation by antibiotic‐resistant genes of significant environments for human health. The process of emergence in complex bacterial populations is a high‐frequency, continuous swarming of ephemeral combinatory genetic and epigenetic explorations inside cells and among cells, populations and communities, expanding in different environments (migration), creating the stochastic variation required for evolutionary progress. Invasion refers to the process by which AbR significantly increases in frequency in a given (invaded) environment, led by external invaders local multiplication and spread, or by endogenous conversion. Conversion occurs because of the spread of AbR genes from an exogenous resistant clone into an established (endogenous) bacterial clone(s) colonizing the environment; and/or because of dissemination of particular resistant genetic variants that emerged within an endogenous clonal population. Occupation of a given environment by a resistant variant means a permanent establishment of this organism in this environment, even in the absence of antibiotic selection. Specific interventions on emergence influence invasion, those acting on invasion also influence occupation and interventions on occupation determine emergence. Such interventions should be simultaneously applied, as they are not simple solutions to the complex problem of AbR.
Muscle function in aged women in response to a water‐based exercises program and progressive resistance training
Authors: Bento Paulo Cesar Barauce , Rodacki André Luiz Felix 
Published: December 2014

AimThe purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a water‐based exercise program on muscle function compared with regular high‐intensity resistance training.MethodsOlder women (n = 87) were recruited from the local community. The inclusion criteria were, to be aged 60 years or older, able to walk and able to carry out daily living activities independently. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: water‐based exercises (WBG), resistance training (RTG) or control (CG). The experimental groups carried out 12 weeks of an excise program performed on water or on land. The dynamic strength, the isometric peak, and rate of torque development for the lower limbs were assessed before and after interventions.ResultsThe water‐based program provided a similar improvement in dynamic strength in comparison with resistance training. The isometric peak torque increased around the hip and ankle joints in the water‐based group, and around the knee joint in the resistance‐training group (P < 0.05). The rate of torque development increased only in the water‐based group around the hip extensors muscles (P < 0.05).ConclusionsWater‐based programs constitute an attractive alternative to promote relevant strength gains using moderate loads and fast speed movements, which were also effective to improve the capacity to generate fast torques. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1193–1200
Association between frequency of oral and denture cleaning and personality in edentulous older adults
Authors: Ryu Masahiro , Izumi Sachi , Ueda Takayuki , Oda Seiko , Sakurai Kaoru 
Published: December 2014

AimThe purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the frequency of oral and denture cleaning and personality in edentulous older adults.MethodsParticipants were 54 edentulous older adults using maxillary and mandibular complete dentures without any problems. A questionnaire was used to establish the frequency of mechanical oral cleaning and mechanical denture cleaning using a denture brush. A personality survey was carried out using a questionnaire based on Eysenck's questionnaire on factors of introversion/extroversion and emotional stability/instability. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to identify which characteristic factors were significantly associated with frequency of mechanical denture or oral cleaning after all participants were categorized into two groups by frequency of cleaning, in accordance with the criterion of the median.ResultsThe mean frequencies of mechanical oral and denture cleaning were 0.93 ± 1.18 times per day and 1.83 ± 1.19 times per day, respectively. Activity/inactivity, which was a factor relating to introversion/extroversion, was associated with frequency of oral cleaning (odds ratio 2.473, P = 0.001). Activity/inactivity, which was a factor relating to introversion/extroversion, and anaclisis/autonomy, which was a factor relating to emotional stability/instability, were associated with frequency of denture cleaning (odds ratio 1.310, P = 0.001; odds ratio 1.392, P = 0.011, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study showed that personality including activity/inactivity and anaclisis/autonomy influence the frequency of oral and denture cleaning. These findings suggest the necessity of providing an effective method of oral health care based on each person's personality. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1258–1263.
Association between human cytomegalovirus antibody levels, and essential hypertension and functional status in elderly Koreans
Authors: Jeong Su Jin , Han Sang Hoon , Kim Chang Oh , Choi Jun Yong , Song Young Goo , Kim June Myung 
Published: December 2014

AimTo evaluate the relationship between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antibody status, and hypertension and functional status among elderly Koreans.MethodsPatients aged ≥65 years were prospectively enrolled from March 2011 to February 2012 at a 2000‐bed university hospital. We collected data including CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocyte count, and functional status by measuring basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living for all patients. In addition, HCMV immunoglobulin G levels were analyzed using enzyme‐linked fluorescent assay.ResultsDuring the study period, 103 patients (51 men), who were admitted for treatment of infections or other diseases, were enrolled. Multivariate analysis showed that body mass index and HCMV immunoglobulin G antibody titers were independent factors associated with hypertension in elderly patients (OR 1.347, 95% CI 1.113–1.630, P = 0.002; OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.001–1.047, P = 0.042, respectively). In univariate linear correlations, HCMV antibody levels were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure levels (r = 0.303, P = 0.002), CD8+ T‐lymphocyte count (r = 0.313, P = 0.001) and instrumental activities of daily living scores (r = 0.217, P = 0.028). In addition, HCMV immunoglobulin G titers were inversely associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = −0.268, P = 0.006). These four variables remained independently significant in multivariate correlation analysis.ConclusionThese findings could provide insight into the important role of HCMV in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and decreased functional status in the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 21–27.