bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Nutrient Contents in Tomato Fruits Under The Influence of Increasing Intensity of Manganese Nutrition
Authors: Kleiber Tomasz 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of conducted in years 2008-2012 studies was to assess the efficiency of application of increasing manganese levels on the nutritive value of tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. ‘Alboney F1’ and ‘Emotion F1’), expressed in the contents of macro- and micronutrients. Plants were grown in rockwool with application of nutrient solution characterized the following chemical composition (in [mg dm–3]): N-NH4 2.2, N-NO3 - 230, P - 50, K - 430, Ca - 145, Mg - 65, Cl - 35, S-SO4 - 120, Fe - 2.48, Zn - 0.50, Cu - 0.07, pH -5.50, EC - 3.00 mS cm–1. The following manganese plant nutrition levels were examined (in mg Mn · dm–3): 0.06 (control), 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 (Experiment I), 2.4, 4.8, 9.6 and 19.2 (Experiment II); (denoted as Mn-0, Mn-0.3, Mn-0.6, Mn-1.2, Mn-2.4, Mn-4.8, Mn-9.6; Mn-19.2). The source of manganese was manganese sulfate (MnSO4 · H2O, 32.3% Mn). The nutritive value of tomato fruits changed significantly under the influence of the application of wide range of manganese concentrations. It was found a significant reduction of the content of phosphorus (Exp. I, II), potassium (Exp. II), calcium (Exp. I, II) and magnesium (Exp. I, II). Manganese influence on the decreasing content of other metallic micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu) in fruits. Cultivar had a significantly influence on the content of: nitrogen (except Mn-2.4, Mn-4.8, Mn-9.6), potassium (in Exp. II, except Mn-4.8), calcium (except for Mn-0.6, Mn-2.4), magnesium (except Mn-0.3 and Mn-2.4), iron (except Mn-1.2), manganese and zinc (except control combination) and copper (except Mn-0.6 and Mn-1.2). The highest contents of N, Ca and Mg in fruits were recorded for the application of Mn-0, while for P and K - at 0.3 mg Mn dm–3, whereas it was lowest for all these nutrients (except N) in the case of Mn-19.2 (Exp. II). The reduction of nutrient contents amounted to (% changes: from the lowest content to the highest content): N (11.3), P (48.1), K (24.8), Ca (75.4), Mg (57.5), Fe (59.2), Zn (65.4) and Cu (43.7).
Alleviation Of zinnia elegans Jacq. Seed Deterioration Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Organic Acids
Authors: Szopińska Dorota 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The decrease of seed quality during storage is strongly associated with damage caused by free radicals. Some compounds of natural origin, known due to their antioxidative and antifungal properties, may be potentially used in organic production for seed treatment as an alternative to pesticides. The aim of the experiment was to study an ability of hydrogen peroxide and organic acid to improve germination, vigour and health of non-deteriorated and deteriorated zinnia seeds. Two seed samples, cv. Illumination and Orys, varying in initial infestation with fungi were tested. For deterioration seeds were kept at 30°C and 80% RH for 30 days. Seed quality tests were performed before and after deterioration for controls and seeds soaked in 3.0% hydrogen peroxide solution and in 1.0 and 5.0% solutions of ascorbic and lactic acids for 10, 30 and 60 min. The controls were untreated seeds, seeds soaked in 0.2% solution of Kaptan zawiesinowy 50 WP for 30 min and seeds soaked in distilled water for 10, 30 and 60 min. Treating zinnia seeds with organic acids more significantly affected seed germination and health after deterioration than before, and improvement of germination capacity was usually correlated with decrease of the percentage of abnormal diseased seedlings. Deterioration had no influence on mean germination time, whereas in particular cases treating seeds with hydrogen peroxide and organic acids negatively affected this parameter. After deterioration regardless of treatment increased number of seeds free from fungi. Lactic acid followed by hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid effectively limited growth of A. alternata, A. zinnia and Fusarium spp. on zinnia seeds, however at higher concentration negatively affected seed germination and vigour. Moreover, treating seeds with hydrogen peroxide and organic acids many a time increased seeds infestation with B. cinerea.
The Application of Random Noise Reduction By Nearest Neighbor Method To Forecasting of Economic Time Series
Authors: Miśkiewicz-Nawrocka Monika 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Since the deterministic chaos appeared in the literature, we have observed a huge increase in interest in nonlinear dynamic systems theory among researchers, which has led to the creation of new methods of time series prediction, e.g. the largest Lyapunov exponent method and the nearest neighbor method. Real time series are usually disturbed by random noise, which can complicate the problem of forecasting of time series. Since the presence of noise in the data can significantly affect the quality of forecasts, the aim of the paper will be to evaluate the accuracy of predicting the time series filtered using the nearest neighbor method. The test will be conducted on the basis of selected financial time series.
The Externalities of Enterprises’ Innovative Activity – An Input-Output Approach
Authors: Świeczewska Iwona 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The article assesses the impact of final demand for domestic products on the innovative activity of Polish enterprises. The activity is analysed in terms of their involvement in research and development (R&D) processes, which are considered crucial for an economy to be able to create a stock of knowledge. The main purpose of the analysis is to identify products that contribute to the largest increases in enterprises’ R&D expenditures. To study the effect of final demand on enterprises’ R&D activity, the input-output analysis method has been adopted. The presented analysis is part of author’s research on the intersectoral diffusion of knowledge in the Polish economy.
Changes in Urinary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Levels During Heptathlon Race in Professional Female Athletes
Authors: Samia Badiea Ali Abdel , Youssef Gehan Ahmed 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Acute strenuous exercise can induce a state of oxidative stress affecting the involved muscles. Heptathlon is a multi-event exercise of two days duration and can be considered an acute, intensive endurance exercise. The purpose of this study is to compare the oxidative stress response to heptathlon events day by day and to determine the impact of this type of exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers.
The study subjects included eight heptathlon athletes who participated in the National First Class Republic competition in Egypt (October 19-21, 2011). Blood samples were collected at rest after exercise for two successive days and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA). Morning urine samples were collected one hour after exercise for each day and were analyzed for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Results revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in both plasma MDA and urine 8-OHdG levels after exercise regardless of the day. We concluded that exercise generates higher MDA levels compared to DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in athletes with antioxidant supplementation.
Gamma irradiation used on adult Tetranychus urticae Koch as a quarantine treatment
Authors: Osouli Shiva , Nejad Karim Haddad Irani , Ziaie Farhoud , Moghaddam Mohammad 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The effect of gamma radiation with 0, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 Gy intensities on the longevity, total number of eggs, and the percent of hatched eggs laid by irradiated females of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae) was evaluated. Two different groups (0–24 h old and 48–72 h old) of adult females were irradiated. The results showed that 350 and 300 Gy doses significantly reduced the longevity of the 0–24 h old females and the 48–72 h old females. The younger females were more tolerant at lower dose rates than the older females. There was a quadratic relationship between dose rates and young females, while it was linear in older females. The total number of eggs laid by females of both ages was significantly reduced with a linear trend by 250 Gy irradiation. The eggs laid by females of both the 0–24 h olds and the 48–72 h olds lost their hatchability when the dose rate was 350 Gy. It was concluded, that applying a dose rate of 320 Gy on one of the mates (male or female) before mating, or a 300 Gy on both of them, would be sufficient to cause sterility in adult mites.
A Cross-Cultural Approach to Speech-Act-Sets: The Case of Apologies
Authors: Válková Silvie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to contribute to the validity of recent research into speech act theory by advocating the idea that with some of the traditional speech acts, their overt language manifestations that emerge from corpus data remind us of ritualised scenarios of speech-act-sets rather than single acts, with configurations of core and peripheral units reflecting the socio-cultural norms of the expectations and culture-bound values of a given language community. One of the prototypical manifestations of speech-act-sets, apologies, will be discussed to demonstrate a procedure which can be used to identify, analyse, describe and cross-culturally compare the validity of speech-act-set theory and provide evidence of its relevance for studying the English-Czech interface in this particular domain of human interaction.
Clonotypic Composition of the CD4+ T Cell Response to a Vectored Retroviral Antigen Is Determined by Its Speed
Authors: Thorborn Georgina , Ploquin Mickaël J. , Eksmond Urszula , Pike Rebecca , Bayer Wibke , Dittmer Ulf , Hasenkrug Kim J. , Pepper Marion , Kassiotis George 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The mechanisms whereby different vaccines may expand distinct Ag-specific T cell clonotypes or induce disparate degrees of protection are incompletely understood. We found that several delivery modes of a model retroviral Ag, including natural infection, preferentially expanded initially rare high-avidity CD4+ T cell clonotypes, known to mediate protection. In contrast, the same Ag vectored by human adenovirus serotype 5 induced clonotypic expansion irrespective of avidity, eliciting a predominantly low-avidity response. Nonselective clonotypic expansion was caused by relatively weak adenovirus serotype 5–vectored Ag presentation and was reproduced by replication-attenuated retroviral vaccines. Mechanistically, the potency of Ag presentation determined the speed and, consequently, completion of the CD4+ T cell response. Whereas faster completion retained the initial advantage of high-avidity clonotypes, slower completion permitted uninhibited accumulation of low-avidity clonotypes. These results highlighted the importance of Ag presentation patterns in determining the clonotypic composition of vaccine-induced T cell responses and ultimately the efficacy of vaccination.
Continuity of Care in the Training Environment: Anesthesiology Residency in the Ambulatory Surgery Setting
Authors: Munro Jonathan L. T. , DiPompeo Christine M. , Kress Natalie E. , McDonald Timothy B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAnesthesiology residents acquire clinical skills and acumen primarily from experience providing anesthesia for procedural cases, with prior preparation maximizing learning. Ambulatory surgery and associated management styles create fluid anesthesiology staffing—reducing predictability for learners and disrupting continuity of care.ObjectiveThis prospective, observational study aimed to quantify anesthesia personnel changes in the operating rooms of a single teaching hospital.MethodsFor a 5-week period, Monday through Friday, we recorded the surgical schedule on the prior evening. After the day of surgery, tracking software provided a list of cases performed. We completed electronic health record review for each case, recorded the actual anesthesiology personnel involved, and compared that to the personnel originally scheduled. We also recorded the occurrence of any permanent transitions of care within a case, the type of operation, and the anesthesia start and end times.ResultsAnesthesia providers included 47 residents and 32 attending physicians. The study period included 1285 scheduled cases, 55% (n  =  711) of which were started and finished by the originally scheduled resident and attending physician. Including canceled cases (126 of 1285, 10%) and added cases (207 of 1366, 15%), residents started anesthetics on patients and with attending physicians assigned to them from the day before 54% of the time. Transitions of care occurred in 19% (260 of 1366) of the cases.ConclusionsAnesthesiology residents prepare for many procedures that do not eventuate and frequently start other cases without prior opportunity for preparation and study. Transitions of care further reduce continuity of care and fragment supervision.
Mineralogy of the MSL Curiosity landing site in Gale crater as observed by MRO/CRISM
Authors: Seelos Kimberly D. , Seelos Frank P. , Viviano‐Beck Christina E. , Murchie Scott L. , Arvidson Raymond E. , Ehlmann Bethany L. , Fraeman Abigail A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOrbital data acquired by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment instruments on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) provide a synoptic view of compositional stratigraphy on the floor of Gale crater surrounding the area where the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity landed. Fractured, light‐toned material exhibits a 2.2 µm absorption consistent with enrichment in hydroxylated silica. This material may be distal sediment from the Peace Vallis fan, with cement and fracture fill containing the silica. This unit is overlain by more basaltic material, which has 1 µm and 2 µm absorptions due to pyroxene that are typical of Martian basaltic materials. Both materials are partially obscured by aeolian dust and basaltic sand. Dunes to the southeast exhibit differences in mafic mineral signatures, with barchan dunes enhanced in olivine relative to pyroxene‐containing longitudinal dunes. This compositional difference may be related to aeolian grain sorting.
A new approach to discriminate dinoflagellate from diatom blooms from space in the East China Sea
Authors: Shang Shaoling , Wu Jingyu , Huang Bangqin , Lin Gong , Lee Zhongping , Liu James , Shang Shaoping 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDinoflagellate and diatom blooms often occur in the East China Sea (ECS) during spring and summer. Some of the dinoflagellate blooms are toxic, resulting in widespread economic damage. In order to mitigate the negative impacts, remote‐sensing methods that can effectively and accurately discriminate between bloom types are demanded for early warning and continuous monitoring of bloom events at large scales. An in situ bio‐optical data set collected from diatom and dinoflagellate blooming waters indicates that the two types of blooms exhibited distinctive differences in the shapes and magnitudes of remote‐sensing reflectance (Rrs). The ratio of in situ measured Rrs spectral slopes at two spectral ranges (443–488 and 531–555 nm, bands available with the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) sensor), abbreviated as BI (representing bloom index), was found effective in differentiating dinoflagellates from diatoms. Reflectance model simulations, which were carried out using in situ and algal culture data as input, provided consistent results. A classification approach for separating dinoflagellate from diatom blooms in the ECS was then developed: When fluorescence line height (FLH) is doubled over the background level and total absorption coefficient at 443 nm ≥ 0.5 m−1, if 0.0
BI
0.3, it suggests a dinoflagellate bloom; if 0.3
BI
1.0, it suggests a diatom bloom. Finally, the approach was applied to MODIS measurements over the ECS, and a series of diatom and dinoflagellate bloom events during April–June 2005 and 2011 were successfully identified, suggesting that the proposed approach is generally valid for the ECS.
Towards Reassigning the Rare AGG Codon in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zeng Yu , Wang Wei , Liu Wenshe R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe rare AGG codon in Escherichia coli has been reassigned to code non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) by using the PylRS‐${{\rm tRNA}{{{\rm Pyl}\hfill \atop {\rm CCU}\hfill}}}$ pair. When Nε‐alloc‐lysine was used as a PylRS substrate, almost quantitative occupancy of Nε‐alloc‐lysine at an AGG codon site was achieved in minimal medium. ncAAs can be potentially incorporated at the AGG codon with varying efficiencies, depending on their activities towards corresponding enzymes. As AGG is a sense codon, the approach reported here resolves the typical low ncAA incorporation issue that has been associated with ncAA mutagenesis and therefore allows bulk preparation of proteins with site‐selectively incorporated ncAAs for applications such as therapeutic protein production.
Protein Arginine N‐Methyltransferase Substrate Preferences for Different Nη‐Substituted Arginyl Peptides
Authors: Thomas Dylan , Koopmans Timo , Lakowski Ted M. , Kreinin Helmi , Vhuiyan Mynol I. , Sedlock Shona A. , Bui Jennifer M. , Martin Nathaniel I. , Frankel Adam 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProtein arginine N‐methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze methyl‐group transfer from S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine onto arginine residues in proteins. In this study, modifications were introduced at the guanidine moiety of a peptidyl arginine residue to investigate how changes to the PRMT substrate can modulate enzyme activity. We found that peptides bearing Nη‐hydroxy or Nη‐amino substituted arginine showed higher apparent kcat values than for the monomethylated substrate when using PRMT1, whereas this catalytic preference was not observed for PRMT4 and PRMT6. Methylation by compromised PRMT1 variants E153Q and D51N further supports the finding that the N‐hydroxy substitution facilitates methyl transfer by tuning the reactivity of the guanidine moiety. In contrast, Nη‐nitro and Nη‐canavanine substituted substrates inhibit PRMT activity. These findings demonstrate that methylation of these PRMT substrates is dependent on the nature of the modification at the guanidine moiety.
The Scaffold Protein IscU Retains a Structured Conformation in the FeS Cluster Assembly Complex
Authors: Yan Robert , Kelly Geoff , Pastore Annalisa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIscU and IscS are two essential proteins in the machine responsible for the biogenesis of iron–sulfur clusters, prosthetic groups that are involved in several essential functions. The scaffold protein IscU is the temporary acceptor of the cluster that results when the protein forms a 110 kDa complex with the desulfurase IscS. In the absence of zinc, which stabilises the folded state, IscU is present in solution in equilibrium between a structured and an unstructured form. It has been suggested that IscS preferentially binds unstructured IscU, although crystal structures indicate otherwise. To learn more about the IscS–IscU complex, we have used advanced solution NMR techniques to observe directly the state of fold of IscS‐bound IscU. We present unambiguous evidence that IscU is folded in the complex and that the unstructured form does not bind to IscS. Our data correlate with several observations and explain an IscU‐related pathology.
Response and Adaptation of Escherichia coli to Suppression of the Amber Stop Codon
Authors: Wang Qian , Sun Tingting , Xu Jianfeng , Shen Zhouxin , Briggs Steven P. , Zhou Demin , Wang Lei 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSome extant organisms reassign the amber stop codon to a sense codon through evolution, and suppression of the amber codon with engineered tRNAs has been exploited to expand the genetic code for incorporating non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) in live systems. However, it is unclear how the host cells respond and adapt to such amber suppression. Herein we suppressed the amber codon in Escherichia coli with an orthogonal tRNA/synthetase pair and cultured the cells under such a pressure for about 500 generations. We discovered that E. coli quickly counteracted the suppression with transposon insertion to inactivate the orthogonal synthetase. Persistent amber suppression evading transposon inactivation led to global proteomic changes with a notable up‐regulation of a previously uncharacterized protein (YdiI) for which we identified an unexpected function of expelling plasmids. These results should be valuable for understanding codon reassignment in genetic code evolution and for improving the efficiency of ncAA incorporation.
Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Properties of Uniform Palladium Nanocubes by using Graphene Oxide as Surfactant and Support
Authors: Qin Yu‐ling , Wang Jian‐wei , Zhang Lei‐lei , Wang Li‐min 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPd nanocubes dispersed on graphene oxide were prepared by the reduction of PdCl42−. In this method,graphene oxideactedasboth surfactant and support.The as‐prepared Pd nanocubes/graphene oxidecatalyst exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity and stability than a commercial Pd/C catalyst for methanol and formic acid oxidation.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐2‐Arylpropanenitriles Catalysed by Ene‐Reductases in Aqueous Media and in Biphasic Ionic Liquid–Water Systems
Authors: Brenna Elisabetta , Crotti Michele , Gatti Francesco G. , Manfredi Alessia , Monti Daniela , Parmeggiani Fabio , Santangelo Sara , Zampieri Davila 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe enantioselective reduction of α‐methylene nitrile derivatives catalysed by ene‐reductases affords the corresponding (R)‐2‐arylpropanenitriles with high conversion values. The reaction is investigated either in aqueous medium (with an organic cosolvent or by loading the substrate onto hydrophobic resins) or in a biphasic ionic liquid–water system. The use of ionic liquids, herein with isolated ene‐reductases, is found to improve the work‐up and the substrate recovery method. The synthetic manipulation of the final chiral nitrile derivatives indicates how this biocatalysed method can be exploited for the preparation of a wide range of chiral compounds.
Selective N‐Alkylation of Indoles with α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds Catalyzed by a Monomeric Phosphate
Authors: Sunaba Hanako , Kamata Keigo , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCatalytic N‐alkylation of indoles is challenging because the N1 nitrogen atoms are inert toward electrophilic reagents. Herein, an organic‐solvent‐soluble alkylammonium salt of a simple monomeric phosphate ion, [PO4]3−, with a high charge density acts as an efficient homogeneous catalyst for selective N‐alkylation of indoles with α,β‐unsaturated compounds. For the reaction of indole with ethyl acrylate, the turnover number reached up to 36 and the turnover frequency was 216 h−1; these values are the highest among those reported for base‐mediated systems so far. In the presence of [PO4]3− ions, various combinations of nitrogen nucleophiles (ten examples) and α,β‐unsaturated compounds (four examples) were efficiently converted to the desired N‐alkylated products in high yields. NMR and IR spectroscopies showed formation of the indolyl anion through the activation of indole by the [PO4]3− ion, which plays an important role in the present N‐alkylation.
A 3D Nanoporous Ni–Mo Electrocatalyst with Negligible Overpotential for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Zhang Guoxin , Xu Wenwen , Wan Pengbo , Lu Zhiyi , Li Yaping , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Xiaoming Sun and Prof. Pengbo Wan at Beijing University of Chemical Technology (PR China). The image shows a Ni–Mo electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It is revealed that the performance of the fabricated 3D Ni–Mo electrocatalyst with negligible overpotential, high current density, ultrahigh activity, and durable stability for alkaline HER, challenges that of Pt catalysts. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/celc.201402089.