bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Multi‐institutional Cohort to Facilitate Cardiovascular Disease Biomarker Validation Using Existing Biorepository Samples Linked to Electronic Health Records
Authors: Cross Deanna S. , McCarty Catherine A. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Carey David J. , Erlich Porat M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundEmerging biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may enhance conventional risk‐prediction algorithms if they are informative and associated with risk independently of established predictors. In this study, we constructed a cohort for testing emerging biomarkers for AMI in managed‐care populations using existing biospecimen repositories linked to electronic health records (EHR).HypothesisElectronic health record‐based biorepositories collected by healthcare systems can be federated to provide large, methodologically sound testing sets for biomarker validation.MethodsSubjects ages 40 to 80 years were selected from 2 existing population‐based biospecimen repositories. Incident AMI status and covariates were ascertained from the EHR. An ad hoc model for AMI risk was parameterized and validated. Simulation was used to test incremental gains in performance due to the inclusion of biomarkers in this model. Gains in performance were assessed in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC‐AUC) and case reclassification.ResultsA total of 18 329 individuals (57% female) contributed 108 400 person‐years of EHR follow‐up. The crude AMI incidence was 10.8 and 5.0 per 1000 person‐years among males and females, respectively. Compared with the model with risk factors alone, inclusion of a simulated biomarker yielded substantial gains in sensitivity without loss of specificity. Furthermore, a net ROC‐AUC gain of 13.3% was observed, as well as correct reclassification of 9.8% of incident cases (79 of 806) that were otherwise not considered statin‐indicated at baseline under the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.ConclusionsMore research is needed to assess incremental contribution of emerging biomarkers for AMI prediction in managed‐care populations.
Biodegradation of p‐Chloroaniline and Ammonium Removal in Continuous Biofilm Reactors
Authors: González Ana J. , Bautista Lina X. Celis , Papalia Mariana , Radice Marcela , Gutkind Gabriel , Magdaleno Anahí , Planes Estela I. , Rossini Gustavo D. Bulus , Gallego Alfredo , Korol Sonia E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this investigation, we isolated from an industrial effluent a bacterial community capable of utilizing p‐chloroaniline (PCA) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The isolates were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Achromobacter sp., and Sphingopyxis sp. The bacterial community was employed to set up a continuous system for PCA degradation and ammonium removal. The system consists in two sequential aerobic fixed‐bed reactors, for PCA biodegradation and nitrification respectively, and an anoxic reactor for denitrification. Biodegradation process was evaluated by chemical analysis of PCA, chloride and ammonium, and bacterial count. Nitrification and denitrification processes were evaluated by chemical analysis of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate, and nitrifying bacteria count. Bioassays of acute toxicity using the standard organisms Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and Daphnia magna were performed in order to assess detoxification. An average efficiency of 88.5%, expressed as PCA removal, was achieved in the biodegradation process. The maximum PCA removal rate reached 11.7 g/m3 day. PCA degradation was associated with the release of chloride and ammonium. Ammonium was completely removed by the nitrification/denitrification process. Toxicity was not detected after the biodegradation process.
QTL affecting fitness of hybrids between wild and cultivated soybeans in experimental fields
Authors: Kuroda Yosuke , Kaga Akito , Tomooka Norihiko , Yano Hiroshi , Takada Yoshitake , Kato Shin , Vaughan Duncan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting fitness of hybrids between wild soybean (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max). Seed dormancy and seed number, both of which are important for fitness, were evaluated by testing artificial hybrids of G. soja × G. max in a multiple‐site field trial. Generally, the fitness of the F1 hybrids and hybrid derivatives from self‐pollination was lower than that of G. soja due to loss of seed dormancy, whereas the fitness of hybrid derivatives with higher proportions of G. soja genetic background was comparable with that of G. soja. These differences were genetically dissected into QTL for each population. Three QTLs for seed dormancy and one QTL for total seed number were detected in the F2 progenies of two diverse cross combinations. At those four QTLs, the G. max alleles reduced seed number and severely reduced seed survival during the winter, suggesting that major genes acquired during soybean adaptation to cultivation have a selective disadvantage in natural habitats. In progenies with a higher proportion of G. soja genetic background, the genetic effects of the G. max alleles were not expressed as phenotypes because the G. soja alleles were dominant over the G. max alleles. Considering the highly inbreeding nature of these species, most hybrid derivatives would disappear quickly in early self‐pollinating generations in natural habitats because of the low fitness of plants carrying G. max alleles.
Female mate preferences for male body size and shape promote sexual isolation in threespine sticklebacks
Authors: Head Megan L. , Kozak Genevieve M. , Boughman Janette W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFemale mate preferences for ecologically relevant traits may enhance natural selection, leading to rapid divergence. They may also forge a link between mate choice within species and sexual isolation between species. Here, we examine female mate preference for two ecologically important traits: body size and body shape. We measured female preferences within and between species of benthic, limnetic, and anadromous threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatusspecies complex). We found that mate preferences differed between species and between contexts (i.e., within vs. between species). Within species, anadromous females preferred males that were deep bodied for their size, benthic females preferred larger males (as measured by centroid size), and limnetic females preferred males that were more limnetic shaped. In heterospecific mating trials between benthics and limnetics, limnetic females continued to prefer males that were more limnetic like in shape when presented with benthic males. Benthic females showed no preferences for size when presented with limnetic males. These results show that females use ecologically relevant traits to select mates in all three species and that female preference has diverged between species. These results suggest that sexual selection may act in concert with natural selection on stickleback size and shape. Further, our results suggest that female preferences may track adaptation to local environments and contribute to sexual isolation between benthic and limnetic sticklebacks.
Condition‐dependent expression of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual traits in guppies
Authors: Rahman Md Moshiur , Kelley Jennifer L. , Evans Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFemale choice can impose persistent directional selection on male sexually selected traits, yet such traits often exhibit high levels of phenotypic variation. One explanation for this paradox is that if sexually selected traits are costly, only the fittest males are able to acquire and allocate the resources required for their expression. Furthermore, because male condition is dependent on resource allocation, condition dependence in sexual traits is expected to underlie trade‐offs between reproduction and other life‐history functions. In this study we test these ideas by experimentally manipulating diet quality (carotenoid levels) and quantity in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), a livebearing freshwater fish that is an important model for understanding relationships between pre‐ and post‐copulatory sexually selected traits. Specifically, we test for condition dependence in the expression of pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual traits (behavior, ornamentation, sperm traits) and determine whether diet manipulation mediates relationships among these traits. Consistent with prior work we found a significant effect of diet quantity on the expression of both pre‐ and postcopulatory male traits; diet‐restricted males performed fewer sexual behaviors and exhibited significant reductions in color ornamentation, sperm quality, sperm number, and sperm length than those fed ad libitum. However, contrary to our expectations, we found no significant effect of carotenoid manipulation on the expression of any of these traits, and no evidence for a trade‐off in resource allocation between pre‐ and postcopulatory episodes of sexual selection. Our results further underscore the sensitivity of behavioral, ornamental, and ejaculate traits to dietary stress, and highlight the important role of condition dependence in maintaining the high variability in male sexual traits.
Cobalt and Zinc Compounds Bearing 1,10‐Phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione or 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane Derivatives – Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Cell Selectivity Studies
Authors: Silva Telma F. S. , Smoleński Piotr , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Fernandes Alexandra R. , Luis Daniel , Silva Ana , Santos Susana , Borralho Pedro M. , Rodrigues Cecília M. P. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe compounds [mPTA][CoCl4] (1, mPTA = N‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane cation), [CoCl(H2O)(DION)2][BF4] (2, DION = 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione), [Zn(DION)2]Cl2 (3) and [ZnCl(κO‐PTA=O)(DION)][BF4] (4) were synthesized by reaction of CoCl2 with [mPTA]I or DION and ZnCl2 with DION or 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane‐7‐oxide (PTA=O) and DION, respectively. All complexes are water soluble and have been characterized by IR, far‐IR, 1H, 13C and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, elemental analyses and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis (for 1). They were screened against the human tumour cell lines HCT116, HepG2 and MCF7. Complexes 2 and 3 exhibit the highest in vitro cytotoxicity and show lower cytotoxic activities in normal human fibroblast cell line than in HCT116 tumour cell line, which demonstrates their slight specificity for this type of tumour cell.
A Unique Frustrated Lewis Pair Pathway to Remarkably Stable Borata–Alkene Systems
Authors: Yu Jiangang , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Erker Gerhard 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe hydroboration of a conjugated diphenylphosphanylenyne with Piers' borane [HB(C6F5)2] gives three products. The major product is probably formed by generation of a geminal P/B frustrated Lewis pair that undergoes rapid and subsequent intramolecular conjugate addition of the phosphane to the dienyl borane unit to yield a unique phosphonium borata–diene. The minor products originate from alternative regioisomeric hydroboration reactions. Two examples of the new phosphonium borata–olefin products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Conjugate Hydrocyanation of Aromatic Enones by an Anionic Chiral Phosphate Catalyst
Authors: Wang Yao‐Feng , Zeng Wei , Sohail Muhammad , Guo Jiyi , Wu Shaoxiang , Chen Fu‐Xue 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChiral keto nitriles (β‐cyano ketones) have been prepared by a facile and efficient asymmetric conjugate hydrocyanation of poorly active chalcone‐type enones with benzophenone cyanohydrin. Using in situ generated 5–10 mol‐% of sodium (S)‐6,6′‐di(1‐adamantyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl phosphate as catalyst and 5–10 mol‐% of 2‐tert‐butylphenol as an additive, high yields and excellent enantioselectivities were obtained within 2 h in toluene at 80 °C. The development of catalysts, optimization of the reaction parameters, and substrate scope are reported. On the basis of the experimental results, HCN is shown to be the real cyanide source and a mechanism is proposed to explain the origin of the enantioselectivity with the chiral‐anion‐modified nucleophile HCN.
Nano‐droplet formation in fragrance tinctures
Authors: Marcus Julien , Klossek Michael L , Touraud Didier , Kunz Werner 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRecently it was shown that water–ethanol–long‐chain alcohol mixtures can be significantly structured in a wide range of compositions. This work is an extension of these studies and suggests that some formulated products on the market correspond to these mixtures. We consider the domains of existence of the clear and homogeneous phase of four water–ethanol–perfumery molecules systems, the perfumery molecules being citronellol, citral, geranyl acetate and limonene, as they can be found in perfumery formulations. Dynamic and static light scattering experiments reveal also the presence of nano‐droplets in these ternary tincture systems. Based on these results the presence of nano‐droplets can be expected in Eau de Toilette, Eau de Parfum, and possibly in perfumes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preventing depression in homes for older adults: are effects sustained over 2 years?
Authors: van Schaik Digna J. F. , Dozeman Els , van Marwijk Harm W. J. , Stek Max L. , Smit Filip , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , van der Horst Henriëtte E. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the 2‐year effects of a stepped‐care programme to prevent the onset of a major depressive disorder (MDD) in older people living in residential homes.MethodsA 2‐year follow‐up study of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial was conducted in 14 residential homes in the Netherlands. A total of 185 residents (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score >7), who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for MDD, were randomised to a stepped‐care programme (n = 93) or to usual care (n = 92). Stepped‐care participants sequentially underwent watchful waiting, a self‐help intervention, life review and a consultation with the general practitioner. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of MDD during a period of 2 years, according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.ResultsAfter 2 years, the incidence of MDD was not significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group (incidence rate ratio: 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.54, 1.81]). However, in the completer analysis, on the basis of 79 residents who completed the 2‐year measurements, there was a significant difference in favour of the intervention group (incidence rate ratio: 0.53; 95% CI [0.32, 0.87]). Dropout percentages were high (44%), mostly accounted for by illness and death (68%).ConclusionA minority of residents had benefit from the intervention that sustained after 2 years in the completer group. Yet, these findings cannot be generalised as the majority of the residents did not opt for participation in the project and many dropped out. Ways should be sought to motivate residents with depressive symptoms to engage in preventive interventions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Submerged discontent and patterns of accommodation: a case study of doctors' pay in two public hospitals in China
Authors: Cao Xuebing 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe article evaluates submerged discontent among Chinese public hospital doctors (Note1) regarding their pay and patterns of accommodation, including doctors' responses through formal and informal actions in the context of health service marketization. On the basis of a case study of two public hospitals, the article illustrates the dynamical impact of marketization on Chinese doctors' pay‐related dissatisfaction and health service employment relationship. Because of the authoritarian management and compliant trade unions, the conflict between doctors and hospitals is unable to be accommodated through collective methods. Instead, doctors' discontent is often channelled through informal, individual and subtle activities. Meanwhile, doctors' professional society is gradually influential, showing its potential of developing doctors' group identity and protecting members' interests in future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional extreme‐dry‐spell frequency analysis using the L‐moments method in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: She Dun‐Xian , Xia Jun , Zhang Dan , Ye Ai‐Zhong , Sood Aditya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this research, the regional extreme‐dry‐spell frequency in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is studied by the L‐moments method. The research area has been divided into three subregions (regions 1, 2 and 3), which have been identified as homogenous regions. The results of a goodness‐of‐fit test indicate that a generalized normal distribution is the optimal regional model for regions 1 and 2 whereas a generalized Pareto distribution is the optimal regional model for region 3. The return period analysis figures out that the maximum length‐of‐dry‐spell (MxDS) values increase from south to north in the southern part and increase from northeast to southwest in the northern part of the middle reaches of the YRB under different return periods. The increments of quantiles of dry spell under different return levels indicate that drought risk in region 1 is higher than that in regions 2 and 3. The analysis of the occurrence day of MxDS shows that MxDS mostly occurred during winter of 1998 and spring of 1999 in most stations during the considered period. By comparing summer MxDS events, it can be found that mean MxDS values have slightly increased in regions 1 and 2 during the last five decades. The maximum mean MxDS values appeared in the 2000s for regions 1 and 2 and in the 1990s for region 3. The atmospheric circulation shows that the positive anomaly centre in the west of North China, negative anomaly centre in the east of North China and the strong western Pacific subtropical high led to the decrease of precipitation in North China during the summer of 1997. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and Incidence of Hypoparathyroidism in the United States Using a Large Claims Database
Authors: Powers Julia , Joy Karen , Ruscio Aimee , Lagast Hjalmar 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder whose incidence and prevalence have not been well defined. This study aimed to 1) estimate the number of insured adult patients with hypoparathyroidism in the United States and 2) obtain physician assessment of disease severity and chronicity. Prevalence was estimated through calculation of diagnoses of hypoparathyroidism in a large proprietary health plan claims database over a 12-month period from October 2007 through September 2008 and projected to the US insured population. Incidence was also calculated from the same database by determining the proportion of total neck surgeries resulting in either transient (≤6 months) or chronic (&gt;6 months) hypoparathyroidism. A physician primary market research study was conducted to assess disease severity and determine the percentage of new nonsurgical patients with hypoparathyroidism. Incidence data were entered into an epidemiologic model to derive an estimate of prevalence. The diagnosis-based prevalence approach estimated 58,793 insured patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism in the United States. The surgical-based incidence approach yielded 117,342 relevant surgeries resulting in 8901 cases over 12 months. Overall, 7.6% of surgeries resulted in hypoparathyroidism (75% transient, 25% chronic). The prevalence of chronic hypoparathyroidism among insured patients included in the surgical database was estimated to be 58,625. The physician survey found that 75% of cases treated over the past 12 months were reported due to surgery and, among all thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies and neck dissections performed in a year, 26% resulted in transient hypoparathyroidism and 5% progressed to a chronic state. In conclusion, the two claims-based methods yielded similar estimates of the number of insured patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism in the United States (∼58,700). The physician survey was consistent with those calculations and confirmed the burden imposed by hypoparathyroidism. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of preflooding effects on iron extractability and phytoavailability in highly calcareous soil in containers
Authors: Sánchez‐Alcalá Inmaculada , del Campillo María del Carmen , Barrón Vidal , Torrent José 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrevious pot cropping and laboratory incubation experiments were consistent with field observations showing that temporary flooding before cropping can increase the availability of soil Fe to plants. To study the effect of temporary flooding on changes in soil Fe phytoavailability we used 24 highly calcareous, Fe chlorosis–inducing soils to carry out a pot experiment where peanut and chickpea were successively grown after flooding for 30 d. At the end of the cropping experiment, the preflooded soil samples exhibited higher concentrations of acid oxalate‐, citrate/ascorbate‐ and diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Fe (Feox, Feca, and FeDTPA, respectively) than the control (nonflooded) samples. Also, Feox and Feca exhibited no change by effect of reflooding of the cropped soils or three wetting–drying cycles in freeze‐dried slurries of soils previously incubated anaerobically for several weeks. Leaf chlorophyll concentration (LCC) in both peanut and chickpea was greatly increased by preflooding. The best predictor for LCC was Feox, followed by Feca and FeDTPA. The LCC–soil Fe relationships found suggest that the Fe species extracted by oxalate and citrate/ascorbate from preflooded soils were more phytoavailable than those extracted from control soils. However, the increased phytoavailability of extractable Fe forms was seemingly limited to the first crop (peanut). Flooding dramatically increased FeDTPA; however, high FeDTPA levels did not result in high LCC values, particularly in the second crop. Therefore, this test is a poor predictor of the severity of Fe chlorosis in preflooded soils.
Epipalaeolithic settlement dynamics in southwest Asia: new radiocarbon evidence from the Azraq Basin
Authors: RICHTER TOBIAS , MAHER LISA A. , GARRARD ANDREW N. , EDINBOROUGH KEVAN , JONES MATTHEW D. , STOCK JAY T. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA series of radiocarbon dates from two Epipalaeolithic sites – Kharaneh IV and Ayn Qasiyya – in the Azraq Basin of eastern Jordan provide a new perspective on the chronology and settlement patterns of this part of southwest Asia during the Late Pleistocene. We discuss the implications to our understanding of the chronology of Late Pleistocene lithic industries, particularly in regard to current hypotheses for the abandonment of eastern Jordan's ‘mega‐sites’, Kharaneh IV and Jilat 6. Modelling a series of accelerator mass spectrometry dates from Kharaneh IV indicates a much shorter span of occupation for the site than previously assumed by the size and density of its deposits. Given the high density of material accumulated over a relatively short time span, we show that Kharaneh IV was an aggregation site occupied intensively by a significant number of people, providing new perspectives on the east Jordanian phenomenon of Epipalaeolithic ‘mega‐sites’.