bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ULTRASONIC RESPONSE OF CBA NEWBORN MICE TO BEDDING ODOUR
Authors: Marchlewska-Koj Anna , Kapusta Joanna , Olejniczak Pawel 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA drop in ambient temperature which increases thermogenesis is the fundamental factor stimulating ultrasonic vocalization in newborn rodents. Neonatal mice modify ultrasonic calling in response to olfactory cues. When removed from the nest and cooled, CBA-strain mouse pups produced ultrasonic calls on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days of life. The presence of conspecific bedding affected their ultrasonic vocalization. The number and duration of calls were higher in 3-day-old CBA pups exposed to bedding of C57BL lactating females than in newborns tested in the presence of bedding from CBA lactating females. This indicates that CBA pups discriminate between the odours of the two genotypes. The influence of postnatal experiences on the ability to differentiate odours was investigated. Three-day-old CBA mice nursed by their own mothers vocalized at higher frequencies than did newborns fostered by C57BL lactating females. It is suggested that ultrasonic vocalization in CBA pups is affected by genetic factors and postnatal environmental conditions.
Hydroxyl-stretching bands ‘A’ and ‘Z’ in Raman and infrared spectra of kaolinites
Authors: Shoval S. , Yariv S. , Michaelian K. H. , Boudeulle M. , Panczer G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe high frequency OH-stretching band in micro-Raman spectra of kaolinites consistently exhibits two partly overlapping components with varying relative intensities. These bands, labelled A and Z, are located at ~3700–3690 and 3690–3680 cm-1, respectively. Band Z displays greater intensity in Raman spectra of highly crystallized kaolinites which have large coherent domains. Both components are also observed in the curve fitted infrared (IR) spectra of kaolinites; band Z is stronger in IR spectra of highly crystallized samples. Data for kaolinites with different particle size support the idea that bands A and Z are the longitudinal optic and transverse optic modes of the high frequency OH-stretching band.
The distribution and recovery of gold in the Golden Sunlight gold-silver telluride deposit, Montana, U.S.A.
Authors: Spry P. G. , Thieben S. E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe gold balance in an ore deposit where the ore is treated by cyanide is the sum of the ‘visible gold’ that is amenable to cyanidation and ‘visible gold’ and the ‘invisible gold’, which are not amenable to cyanidation. Petrographic analyses, electron and ion microprobe as well as scanning electron microscope studies of ore from the Golden Sunlight deposit, Montana, suggest that periods of relatively poor gold recoveries are primarily due to the presence of inclusions, <25 µm in size, of native gold, petzite, calaverite, buckhornite and krennerite. These are encapsulated in cyanide insoluble grains of pyrite, chalcopyrite and tennantite and are present in the tailings. This contribution probably accounts for 3–25% of the unrecoverable gold processed during the life of the mine. Minor amounts (6–7%) of ‘invisible gold’, as indicated by ion microprobe studies and the presence of up to 5% ‘visible gold’ in buckhornite, which is rare in nature, appears to account for the remainder of the gold budget.
The crystal structure of faustite and its copper analogue turquoise
Authors: Kolitsch U. , Giester G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe crystal structure of faustite, ZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.4H2O, was determined using single-crystal data (Mo-Kα X-radiation, CCD area detector, 1624 unique reflections, R1 = 4.91%, wR2 = 9.23%), and compared with results of a reinvestigation of the structure of its copper analogue turquoise, CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.4H2O (2737 unique reflections, R1 = 2.81%, wR2 = 6.90%). Both are isostructural and crystallize in space group P, with a = 7.419(2) [turquoise: 7.410(1)], b = 7.629(3) [7.633(1)], c = 9.905(3) [9.904(1)] Å, α = 69.17(2) [68.42(1)], β = 69.88(2) [69.65(1)], γ = 64.98(2) [65.05(1)]°, V = 462.2(3) [460.27(10)] Å3, and Z = 1. The structure consists of distorted MO6 polyhedra (M = Zn, Cu), AlO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra. By edge- and corner-sharing of these polyhedra a fairly dense three-dimensional framework is formed which is further strengthened by a system of hydrogen bonds. The metal atoms in the unique MO6 (M = Zn or Cu) polyhedron show a distorted [2+2+2]-coordination, the distortion being more pronounced in turquoise. About 10% of the M site is vacant in both minerals. In turquoise, a previously undetected structural site with a very low occupancy of (possibly) Cu is present at the position (Ý,0,Ý).
Mereheadite, Pb2O(OH)Cl: a new litharge-related oxychloride from Merehead Quarry, Cranmore, Somerset
Authors: Welch M. D. , Criddle A. J. , Symes R. F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMereheadite, ideally Pb2O(OH)Cl, is a new mineral related to litharge and which is structurally similar to synthetic bismuth-oxyhalides. With other lead- and lead-copper oxychlorides, it occupies lenses and cavities in veins of manganese and iron oxide minerals which cut through a sequence of dolomitic limestones at Merehead quarry, Cranmore, Somerset (51°12′N, 2°26′W) Mereheadite is pale yellow to reddish-orange, transparent to translucent and has a white streak and a vitreous or resinous lustre. It is not fluorescent. Individual grains, up to a few mm across, cluster together in compact masses of 10–30 mm in size, but discrete crystals have not been observed. Specular reflectance data on randomly orientated grains from 400 to 700 nm are provided, and refractive indices calculated from these at 590 nm range from 2.19 to 2.28. H = 3.5, VHN100 = 171, D(meas) = 7.12(10) g/cm3, Dcalc = 7.31 g/cm3. The mineral is brittle with an uneven, conchoidal to hackly fracture and has a perfect (001) cleavage which is parallel to the sheets of PbO and Cl. It is intimately associated with mendipite, blixite, cerussite, hydrocerussite and calcite in lenses and pods in the veins. Other minerals which occupy cavities in these veins include chloroxiphite, paralaurionite, parkinsonite and the borosilicate datolite. Mereheadite is monoclinic, space group C2/c, and its cell parameters, refined from powder X-ray diffraction are: a = 5.680(2), b = 5.565(3), c = 13.143(9) Å, β=90.64(4)°, V = 415.4 (8) Å3, Z = 4. The ten strongest reflections in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d in Å, (I, hkl)]: 2.930(10,113), 3.785(5,111, –111), 2.825(4,200), 6.581(4,002), 2.182(4,115), 2.780(4,020), 3.267(4,004), 1.980(3,–220), 1.695(3,224,132,117), 1.716(3,026). Its empirical formula is Pb8O4.19(BO3)0.51 (CO3)0.62(OH)0.76Cl4.09. Although it is very similar chemically to blixite, it has notably different cell parameters. There is some uncertainty about the essential nature of boron and carbon in natural mereheadite. This stems from the impossibility of ensuring the purity of samples for wet-chemical analysis, and from the predominance of lead in the structure of the mineral which has meant that the location of boron and carbon within the mereheadite structure is unresolved, 11B MAS NMR does show, however, that boron is present as BO3 groups. The structure consists of alternating PbO sheets and layers of chlorine atoms. Each lead atom is coordinated to four chlorines and four O/OH in a square antiprism configuration. As such, it is structurally-related to nadorite, thorikosite and schwartzembergite. Comparisons with structurally analogous phases such as bismuth oxychlorides and bismutite (Bi2O2CO3) suggest that the BO3 and CO3 groups are likely to replace chlorine in the layer between PbO sheets. The composition of natural mereheadite is defined by three end-members: the mereheadite end-member Pb2O(OH)Cl, and two fictive end-members Pb2(OH)2CO3 and Pb4O(OH)3BO3.
Inhibitory effect on natural killer activity of microphthalmia transcription factor encoded by the mutant mi allele of mice
Authors: Ito Akihiko , Kataoka Tatsuki R. , Kim Dae-Ki , Koma Yu-ichiro , Lee Young-Mi , Kitamura Yukihiko 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe mouse mi locus encodes a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper-type transcription factor, microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF). Mice of mi/migenotype express a mutant form of MITF (mi-MITF), whereas mice of tg/tg genotype have a transgene in the 5′ flanking region of the mi gene and do not express MITF. Although themi/mi mouse is deficient in natural killer (NK) activity, it was found that the tg/tg mouse was normal in this respect. To know the cause, spleen cells of both genotypes were compared. Although the proportion of spleen cells expressing an NK cell marker, NK1.1, was comparable in both mice, the proportion of large granular lymphocytes decreased only in mi/mi mice. The difference between mi/mi and tg/tg mice was reproducible in the culture supplemented with interleukin-2. Moreover, the perforin gene expression was reduced in mi/mi–cultured spleen cells. Wild-type (+) MITF transactivated, butmi-MITF suppressed, the perforin gene promoter through the NF-P motif, a strong cis-acting element. However, neither +-MITF nor mi-MITF bound the NF-P motif. Instead, 2 nuclear factors that bound the NF-P motif were retained in the cytoplasm ofmi/mi–cultured spleen cells. In addition, overexpression of mi-MITF resulted in cytoplasmic retention of the 2 NF-P motif–binding factors in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The presence ofmi-MITF rather than the absence of +-MITF appeared to lead to poor transactivation of the NF-P motif by intercepting NF-P motif–binding factors. This inhibitory effect of mi-MITF may cause the deficient cytotoxicity of NK cells in mi/mimice.
DNA damage–induced cell-cycle arrest of hematopoietic cells is overridden by activation of the PI-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Henry Matthew K. , Lynch Jeffrey T. , Eapen Alex K. , Quelle Frederick W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExposure of hematopoietic cells to DNA-damaging agents induces cell-cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M checkpoints. Previously, it was shown that DNA damage–induced growth arrest of hematopoietic cells can be overridden by treatment with cytokine growth factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO) or interleukin-3 (IL-3). Here, the cytokine-activated signaling pathways required to override G1 and G2/M checkpoints induced by γ-irradiation (γ-IR) are characterized. Using factor-dependent myeloid cells stably expressing EPO receptor (EPO-R) mutants, it is shown that removal of a minimal domain required for PI-3K signaling abrogated the ability of EPO to override γ-IR–induced cell-cycle arrest. Similarly, the ability of cytokines to override γ-IR–induced arrest was abolished by an inhibitor of PI-3K (LY294002) or by overexpression of dominant-negative Akt. Moreover, the ability of EPO to override these checkpoints in cells expressing defective EPO-R mutants could be restored by overexpression of a constitutively active Akt. Thus, activation of a PI-3K/Akt signaling pathway is required for cytokine-dependent suppression of DNA-damage induced checkpoints. Together, these findings suggest a novel role for PI-3K/Akt pathways in the modulation of growth arrest responses to DNA damage in hematopoietic cells.
Oxytocin Protects Nigrostriatal Dopamine Signal via Activating GABAergic Circuit in the MPTP‐Induced Parkinson's Disease Model
Authors: Wang Yurong , Xu Hao , Chen Saiyong , Chen Junhao , Zheng Qimeng , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhao Xinru , Shi Ying , Xiao Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe most pronounced neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc), which depletes striatal DA. Hypothalamic oxytocin is found to be reduced in PD patients and closely interacts with the DA system, but the role of oxytocin in PD remains unclear. Here, the disturbances of endogenous oxytocin level and the substantia nigra (SN) oxytocin receptor expression in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced PD mouse model is observed, correlated with the striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression reduction. Killing/silencing hypothalamic oxytocin neurons aggravates the vulnerability of nigrostriatal DA signal to MPTP, whereas elevating oxytocin level by intranasal delivery or microinjecting into the SN promotes the resistance. In addition, knocking out SN oxytocin receptors induces the time‐dependent reductions of SNc DA neurons, striatal TH expression, and striatal DA level by increasing neuronal excitotoxicity. These results further uncover that oxytocin dampens the excitatory synaptic inputs onto DA neurons via activating oxytocin receptor‐expressed SN GABA neurons, which target GABA(B) receptors expressed in SNc DA neuron‐projecting glutamatergic axons, to reduce excitotoxicity. Thus, besides the well‐known prosocial effect, oxytocin acts as a key endogenous factor in protecting the nigrostriatal DA system.
Ammonia Synthesis over Ruthenium Supported on Metastable Perovskite Oxyhydrides BaREO2H (RE = Y, Sc) Prepared by Mechanochemical Method
Authors: Sato Shun , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Matsuishi Satoru , Hosono Hideo , Kitano Masaaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOxyhydrides have attracted attention as materials with various unique properties derived from lattice hydride ions (H−). However, their instability makes synthesis by conventional thermal synthesis methods difficult, so an appropriate synthesis strategy is required. Here, the mechanochemical synthesis of perovskite oxyhydrides BaREO2H (RE = Y, Sc) for catalyst applications is reported. The formation of BaYO2H is known to be thermodynamically unstable; however, a mechanochemical process that inevitably proceeds under non‐equilibrium conditions enables the synthesis of such a metastable oxyhydride material without any heat treatment. Furthermore, BaScO2H, which is typically obtained at very high temperatures (1000 °C) and pressure (>4 GPa), is successfully synthesized at room temperature by the mechanochemical method. The ammonia synthesis reaction over these oxyhydrides supporting Ru is significantly enhanced at low temperatures, and the ammonia synthesis rates are significantly higher than conventional oxide‐supported Ru catalysts. The mechanochemically synthesized BaREO2H has many anionic electrons with low work function at the site of H− vacancies, which enables strong electron donation to Ru and the storage of excess hydrogen adatoms from the Ru surface that results in high catalytic performance.
Multiparametric Characterization of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Using 3D MR Fingerprinting
Authors: Su Ting‐Yu , Choi Joon Yul , Hu Siyuan , Wang Xiaofeng , Blümcke Ingmar , Chiprean Katherine , Krishnan Balu , Ding Zheng , Sakaie Ken , Murakami Hiroatsu , Alexopoulos Andreas V , Najm Imad , Jones Stephen E , Ma Dan , Wang Zhong Irene 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo develop a multiparametric machine‐learning (ML) framework using high‐resolution 3 dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) fingerprinting (MRF) data for quantitative characterization of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).MaterialsWe included 119 subjects, 33 patients with focal epilepsy and histopathologically confirmed FCD, 60 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (HCs), and 26 disease controls (DCs). Subjects underwent whole‐brain 3 Tesla MRF acquisition, the reconstruction of which generated T1 and T2 relaxometry maps. A 3D region of interest was manually created for each lesion, and z‐score normalization using HC data was performed. We conducted 2D classification with ensemble models using MRF T1 and T2 mean and standard deviation from gray matter and white matter for FCD versus controls. Subtype classification additionally incorporated entropy and uniformity of MRF metrics, as well as morphometric features from the morphometric analysis program (MAP). We translated 2D results to individual probabilities using the percentage of slices above an adaptive threshold. These probabilities and clinical variables were input into a support vector machine for individual‐level classification. Fivefold cross‐validation was performed and performance metrics were reported using receiver‐operating‐characteristic‐curve analyses.ResultsFCD versus HC classification yielded mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.945, 0.980, and 0.962, respectively; FCD versus DC classification achieved 0.918, 0.965, and 0.939. In comparison, visual review of the clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected 48% (16/33) of the lesions by official radiology report. In the subgroup where both clinical MRI and MAP were negative, the MRF‐ML models correctly distinguished FCD patients from HCs and DCs in 98.3% of cross‐validation trials. Type II versus non‐type‐II classification exhibited mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.835, 0.823, and 0.83, respectively; type IIa versus IIb classification showed 0.85, 0.9, and 0.87. In comparison, the transmantle sign was present in 58% (7/12) of the IIb cases.InterpretationThe MRF‐ML framework presented in this study demonstrated strong efficacy in noninvasively classifying FCD from normal cortex and distinguishing FCD subtypes. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:944–957
Disparity of turbinal bones in placental mammals
Authors: Martinez Quentin , Wright Mark , Dubourguier Benjamin , Ito Kai , van de Kamp Thomas , Hamann Elias , Zuber Marcus , Ferreira Gabriel , Blanc Rémi , Fabre Pierre‐Henri , Hautier Lionel , Amson Eli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTurbinals are key bony elements of the mammalian nasal cavity, involved in heat and moisture conservation as well as olfaction. While turbinals are well known in some groups, their diversity is poorly understood at the scale of placental mammals, which span 21 orders. Here, we investigated the turbinal bones and associated lamellae for one representative of each extant order of placental mammals. We segmented and isolated each independent turbinal and lamella and found an important diversity of variation in the number of turbinals, as well as their size, and shape. We found that the turbinal count varies widely, from zero in the La Plata dolphin, (Pontoporia blainvillei) to about 110 in the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana). Multiple turbinal losses and additional gains took place along the phylogeny of placental mammals. Some changes are clearly attributed to ecological adaptation, while others are probably related to phylogenetic inertia. In addition, this work highlights the problem of turbinal nomenclature in some placental orders with numerous and highly complex turbinals, for which homologies are extremely difficult to resolve. Therefore, this work underscores the importance of developmental studies to better clarify turbinal homology and nomenclature and provides a standardized comparative framework for further research.
The use of a preference assessment tool with young children diagnosed with autism
Authors: Curiel Emily S. L. , Curiel Hugo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIdentifying reinforcers is crucial for many evidence‐based behavior change programs. Videos may be a type of reinforcer worth considering given the accessibility of small electronic devices and the rates at which children watch and enjoy screen time. We used the Multiple‐Stimulus‐Without‐Replacement Preference Assessment Tool (MSWO PAT) to identify high‐ and low‐preferred videos for three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We then evaluated the predictive validity of the MSWO PAT by arranging a concurrent‐operants reinforcer assessment for puzzle and sorting tasks. The results show that the high‐preferred video maintained higher levels of responding for puzzle and sorting tasks for two of the three children. Implications for using videos as reinforcers for children with ASD, limitations, and areas for future research are also discussed.
Arsenic‐induced transition of thymic inflammation‐to‐fibrosis involves Stat3‐Twist1 interaction: Melatonin to the rescue
Authors: Das Ankur , Mitra Ankan , Ghosh Sourav , Sarkar Swaimanti , Pal Palash Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Debasish , Chattopadhyay Sreya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGroundwater arsenic is a notorious toxicant and exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations persists as a healthcare burden across the world. Arsenic has been reported to jeopardize the normal functioning of the immune system, but there are still gaps in the understanding of thymic T cell biology. Immunotoxic influence of arsenic in thymic integrity demands a potent restorative molecule. The objectives of this study were to examine key signaling cross‐talks associated with arsenic‐induced immune alterations in the thymus and propose melatonin as a potential candidate against immunological complications arising from arsenic exposure. Swiss albino mice were exposed to sodium arsenite (0.05 mg/L; in drinking water) and melatonin (IP:10 mg/kg BW) for 28 days. Melatonin successfully protected thymus from arsenic‐mediated tissue degeneration and maintained immune homeostasis including T cell maturation and proliferation by mitigating oxidative stress through Nrf2 upregulation. Additionally, melatonin exerted ameliorative effect against arsenic‐induced apoptosis and inflammation by inhibiting p53‐mediated mitochondrial cell death pathway and NF‐κB‐p65/STAT3‐mediated proinflammatory pathway, respectively. For the first time, we showed that arsenic‐induced profibrotic changes were inhibited by melatonin through targeting of inflammation‐associated EMT. Our findings clearly demonstrate that melatonin can be a viable and promising candidate in combating arsenic‐induced immune toxicity with no collateral damage, making it an important research target.
Photon energy loss in ternary polymer solar cells based on nonfullerene acceptor as a third component
Authors: Jeon Jihun , Hosoya Shohei , Saito Masahiko , Osaka Itaru , Ohkita Hideo , Kim Hyung Do 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding photon energy loss caused by the charge recombination in ternary blend polymer solar cells based on nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) is crucial for achieving further improvements in their device performance. In such a ternary system, however, the two types of donor/acceptor interface coexist, making it more difficult to analyze the photon energy loss. Here, we have focused on the origin of the voltage loss behind a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) in ternary blend devices based on one donor polymer (poly(2,5‐bis(3‐(2‐butyloctyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole) [PTzBT]) and two acceptors, including a fullerene derivative ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester [PCBM]) and an NFA ((2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐(((4,4,9,9‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐4,9‐dihydro‐sindaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(4‐((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile) [IEICO‐4F]), which exhibit VOC similar to that of fullerene‐based PTzBT/PCBM binary devices. From the temperature‐dependent VOC, we found that the effective interfacial bandgap is the same between them: the PTzBT/PCBM/IEICO‐4F ternary blend device is the same as the PTzBT/PCBM fullerene‐based binary device rather than the PTzBT/IEICO‐4F nonfullerene‐based binary device. This means that the recombination center of the ternary blend device is still the interface of PTzBT/PCBM regardless of the incorporation of a small amount of NFA. On the basis of detailed balance theory, we found that the radiative and nonradiative recombination voltage losses for PTzBT/PCBM/IEICO‐4F ternary devices significantly reduced compared to those of fullerene‐based PTzBT/PCBM binary counterparts. This is ascribed to the disappearance of charge transfer absorption due to overlap with the absorption of NFA and the reduction of energetic disorder due to the incorporation of NFA. Through this study, the role of NFAs in voltage loss is once again emphasized, and a ternary system capable of achieving high VOC resulting from significantly reduced voltage loss in ternary blend solar cells is proposed. Therefore, we believe that this research proposes the guidelines that can further enhance the power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells.