bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vertical structure of the circulation and dynamics in Hudson Shelf Valley
Authors: Lentz Steven J. , Butman Bradford , Harris Courtney 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHudson Shelf Valley is a 20–30 m deep, 5–10 km wide v‐shaped submarine valley that extends across the Middle Atlantic Bight continental shelf. The valley provides a conduit for cross‐shelf exchange via along‐valley currents of 0.5 m s−1 or more. Current profile, pressure, and density observations collected during the winter of 1999–2000 are used to examine the vertical structure and dynamics of the flow. Near‐bottom along‐valley currents having times scales of a few days are driven by cross‐shelf pressure gradients setup by wind stresses, with eastward (westward) winds driving onshore (offshore) flow within the valley. The along‐valley momentum balance in the bottom boundary layer is predominantly between the pressure gradient and bottom stress because the valley bathymetry limits current veering. Above the bottom boundary layer, the flow veers toward an along‐shelf (cross‐valley) orientation and a geostrophic balance with some contribution from the wind stress (surface Ekman layer). The vertical structure and strength of the along‐valley current depends on the magnitude and direction of the wind stress. During offshore flows driven by westward winds, the near‐bottom stratification within the valley increases resulting in a thinner bottom boundary layer and weaker offshore currents. Conversely, during onshore flows driven by eastward winds the near‐bottom stratification decreases resulting in a thicker bottom boundary layer and stronger onshore currents. Consequently, for wind stress magnitudes exceeding 0.1 N m−2, onshore along‐valley transport associated with eastward wind stress exceeds the offshore transport associated with westward wind stress of the same magnitude.
Transient pore pressure response to confining stress excursions in Berea sandstone flooded with an aqueous solution of CO2
Authors: Crews Jackson B. , Cooper Clay A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe measured the pore pressure response due to carbon dioxide (CO2) gas bubble nucleation and growth in a Berea sandstone core flooded with an initially subsaturated aqueous solution of CO2, in response to a rapid drop in confining stress, under conditions representative of a confined aquifer. A portion of the CO2 in the Earth's crust, derived from volcanic, magmatic, and biogenic sources, dissolves in groundwater. Sudden reductions in confining stress in the Earth's crust occur due to dilational strain generated by the propagation of seismic Rayleigh and P waves, or aseismic slip in the near field of earthquakes. A drop in confining stress produces a proportional drop in pore fluid pressure. When the pore fluid contains dissolved CO2, the pore pressure responds to a drop in confining stress like it does in the dissolved gas‐free case, until the pore pressure falls below the bubble pressure. Gas bubble nucleation and diffusive growth in the pore space trigger spontaneous, transient buildup of the pore fluid pressure, and reduction of effective stress. We measured the rate of pore fluid pressure buildup in the 100 s immediately following the confining stress drop, as a function of the saturation with respect to CO2 at the lowest pore pressure realized during the confining stress drop, using five different CO2 partial pressures. The rate scales with the saturation with respect to dissolved CO2, from 10 kPa/min at 1.25 to 166 kPa/min at 1.8. The net pore pressure rise was as large as 0.7 MPa (100 psi) over 5 h.
Variational Pragmatics
Authors: Barron Anne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractVariational pragmatics is the study of how language use varies within one language as a result of such macrosocial factors as region, gender, age, ethnic identity, and socioeconomic class. The entry sketches the field of variational pragmatics, introducing the framework and methodologies employed to date before then turning to the social relevance of variational pragmatic research, implications for the classroom and possible future developments in the area.
Indirect adaptive control of nonlinear system via dynamic multilayer neural networks with multi‐time scales
Authors: Zheng Dong‐Dong , Fu Zhi‐Jun , Xie Wen‐Fang , Luo Wei‐Dong 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThis paper deals with adaptive nonlinear identification and trajectory tracking problem via dynamic multilayer neural network with different time scales. By means of a Lyapunov‐like analysis, we determine stability conditions for the on‐line identification. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed for trajectory tracking with consideration of the modeling error and disturbance. The main contributions of the paper lie in the following aspects. First, we extend our prior identification results of single‐layer dynamic neural networks with multi‐time scales to those of multilayer case. Second, the e‐modification in standard use in adaptive control is introduced in the on‐line update laws to guarantee bounded weights and bounded identification errors. Third, the potential singularity problem in controller design is solved by using new update laws for the NN weights so that the control signal is guaranteed bounded. The stability of proposed controller is proved by using Lyapunov function. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anordnung von BaTiO3‐Nanokristallen zu makroskopischen Aerogelmonolithen mit großer Oberfläche
Authors: Rechberger Felix , Heiligtag Florian J. , Süess Martin J. , Niederberger Markus 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAerogele sind faszinierende Materialien mit großem Anwendungspotential dank ihrer geringen Dichte und großen Oberfläche. Allerdings ist man noch weit davon entfernt, diese vorteilhafte Morphologie vollständig auszuschöpfen, weil die Vielfalt an verfügbaren Zusammensetzungen begrenzt und die Kristallinität zu niedrig ist. Durch Ersetzen des Sol‐Gel‐Prozesses durch einen partikelbasierten Ansatz wurde eine wichtige Alternative gefunden, um die erreichbaren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Aerogelen zu vergrößern. Hier beschreiben wir eine Strategie zur kontrollierten Destabilisierung einer konzentrierten BaTiO3‐Nanopartikeldispersion. Dies führt zur Anordnung der vollständig kristallinen Bausteine zu zylindrisch geformten, monolithischen Gelen. Dadurch ist es möglich, die intrinsischen Eigenschaften ternärer Oxide mit der hochporösen Mikrostuktur von Aerogelen zu verbinden. Die produzierten Aerogele zeigen eine beispiellos große Oberfläche von über 300 m2 g−1.
Loading Dynamics of a Sliding DNA Clamp
Authors: Cho Won‐Ki , Jergic Slobodan , Kim Daehyung , Dixon Nicholas E. , Lee Jong‐Bong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSliding DNA clamps are loaded at a ss/dsDNA junction by a clamp loader that depends on ATP binding for clamp opening. Sequential ATP hydrolysis results in closure of the clamp so that it completely encircles and diffuses on dsDNA. We followed events during loading of an E. coli β clamp in real time by using single‐molecule FRET (smFRET). Three successive FRET states were retained for 0.3 s, 0.7 s, and 9 min: Hydrolysis of the first ATP molecule by the γ clamp loader resulted in closure of the clamp in 0.3 s, and after 0.7 s in the closed conformation, the clamp was released to diffuse on the dsDNA for at least 9 min. An additional single‐molecule polarization study revealed that the interfacial domain of the clamp rotated in plane by approximately 8° during clamp closure. The single‐molecule polarization and FRET studies thus revealed the real‐time dynamics of the ATP‐hydrolysis‐dependent 3D conformational change of the β clamp during loading at a ss/dsDNA junction.
Preparation and gas transport properties of dual‐layer polysulfone membranes for high pressure CO2 removal from natural gas
Authors: Ahmad Abdul Latif , Adewole Jimoh Kayode , Leo Choe Peng , Sultan Abdullah S. , Ismail Suzylawati 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPermeability, sorption, and plasticization behaviors of dual‐layer composite membrane were studied. Polysulfone containing 10.7 wt % glycerol as additive was used for preparing a microporous membrane support. A thin top selective layer was prepared using diethylene glycol dimethyl ether as casting solvent. The overall performance of the membrane was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy, and permeation and sorption tests at pressure up to 50 bar. The prepared membrane displayed high permeability at low pressure which gradually decreased with increase in pressure. Permeability of CO2 was determined to be 84.97 Barrer at 2 bar. Membrane did not show any plasticization tendency up to the experimental pressure of 40 bar. Plasticization pressure and permeability at plasticization pressure were estimated to be 41.07 bar and 6.03 Barrer, respectively. The improved performance of the membrane is associated to the synergistic properties of the two layers prepared from different formulations of the same polymer. Thus, the dual‐layer flat sheet configuration displayed a potential in high pressure CO2 removal from natural gas. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40924.
Removal of hexavalent chromium in wastewater by polyacrylamide modified iron oxide nanoparticle
Authors: Lan Guihong , Hong Xia , Fan Qiang , Luo Bing , Shi Peng , Chen Xiuli 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIron oxide nanoparticle has been successfully modified by polyacrylamide and the polyacrylamide modified magnetic nanoparticles (PMMNs) were applied to remove Cr(VI) in wastewater. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) spectra indicated the large saturation magnetization and superparamagnetic property of the PMMNs. This made the polyacrylamide modified iron oxide easily separate with liquid phase. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that both the synthesized iron oxide and the PMMNs were nanoscale. Batch adsorption studies had been carried out to determine the effect of pH, contact time, Cr(VI) initial concentration, and coexisting salts on the adsorption of Cr(VI). Maximum removal (98.30%) was observed from an initial concentration of 100 mg L−1 Cr(VI) at pH 3.0, 30°C. This process followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model and the equilibrium time was 40 min. The experimental data fitted the Langmuir isotherm better than Freundlich. Maximum adsorption amount of Cr(VI) by PMMN was 35.186 mg g−1. The effect of coexisting salts on Cr(VI) removal was not apparent even the concentration of salt was 10 times as big as the low concentration, 0.01M. It had been proposed that the mechanism of Cr(VI) uptake onto PMMN was adsorption‐coupled reduction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40945.
ChemInform Abstract: New Mn2‐Based Heusler Compounds.
Authors: Kreiner Guido , Kalache Adel , Hausdorf Steffen , Alijani Vajiheh , Qian Jin‐Feng , Shan Guangcun , Burkhardt Ulrich , Ouardi Siham , Felser Claudia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe new Heusler compounds Mn2RuGe and Mn2RhGa and the known compound Mn2RuSn are synthesized by inductive melting of the elements in alumina crucibles and characterized by powder XRD and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimorphism in La5Ge3and Ce5Ge3? How Exploratory Syntheses Led to Surprising New Finds in the La—Ge and Ce—Ge Binary Phase Diagrams.
Authors: Suen Nian‐Tzu , Bobev Svilen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLa5Ge3 and Ce5Ge3 are casted and annealed at 600 and 900 °C (2 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Ln9Al5Sn10: Aluminum Stannides of the Divalent Rare Earth Elements Yb and Eu. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Chemical Bonding.
Authors: Lang Britta , Roehr Caroline 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe isotypic compounds Yb9Al5Sn10 and Eu9Al5Sn10 are prepared by melting of the elements (sealed Ta crucible, 1170 K, cooling rate of 20 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of the Telluride Tl10‐x‐ySnxBiyTe6 for the Thermoelectric Energy Conversion.
Authors: Kuropatwa Bryan A. , Guo Quansheng , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (glassy carbon crucibles, 923 K) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, DFT computations, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical and thermal conductivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Confirmation of Unusual Ternary Ordered Semiconductor Compounds in Sr—Pb—S System.
Authors: Hao Shiqiang , Zhao Li‐Dong , Chen Chang‐Qiang , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Wolverton Christopher M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe existence of new ordered rocksalt‐based compounds SrPb3S4, SrPbS2, and Sr3PbS4 in the title system is predicted by DFT calculations, and experimentally confirmed by TEM and band gap measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ternary La2Sb‐Type Compounds, ScRESb (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb), and the Oxygen Stuffed Variant Sc4Yb4Sb4O.
Authors: Nuss Juergen , Jansen Martin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe compounds ScLnSb (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb) are prepared by solid state reaction of Sc metal and LnSb (Ta ampules, 1770 K, 36 h and 1520 K, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Aminohalogenation Enabled by DBU‐Activated N‐Haloimides: Direct Synthesis of Halogenated Enamines.
Authors: Li Mengru , Yuan Haiyan , Zhao Baozhong , Liang Fushun , Zhang Jingping 
Published: May 2014

AbstractN‐Haloimides, e.g. (II), (IV), and (VII) are used as both halogen and nitrogen source to achieve the difunctionalization of terminal alkynes (I) and (VI) giving rise to the formation of synthetically useful halogenated enamines (III), (V), and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric α‐Hydroxylation of a Lactone with Vinylogous Pyridone by Using a Guanidine—Urea Bifunctional Organocatalyst: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of a Key Intermediate for (20S)‐Camptothecin Analogues.
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuya , Odagi Minami , Furukori Kota , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractApplication of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of (+)‐C20‐desethylbenzylcamptothecin (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Au/Ga Catalysis in Ambient Nakamura Reaction.
Authors: Xi Yumeng , Wang Dawei , Ye Xiaohan , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to unactivated 1‐alkynes is achieved at room temperature using synergistic gold/gallium catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed gem‐Difluoroolefination of Diazo Compounds with TMSCF3 via C—F Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Hu Mingyou , He Zhengbiao , Gao Bing , Li Lingchun , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA novel Cu‐catalyzed gem‐difluoroolefination of diazo compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Cu‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Functionalized Alkenes.
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Cahard Dominique , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe copper‐mediated direct β‐trifluoromethylation of different acrylamides is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Autocatalytic One Pot Orchestration for the Synthesis of α‐Arylated, α‐Amino Esters.
Authors: Roche Stephane P. , Samanta Shyam S. , Gosselin Marine M. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA Novel method for the efficient and versatile synthesis of N‐protected α‐arylated α‐aminocarboxylates via a one‐pot cascade reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Pd Complex‐Catalyzed Double Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Secondary Amines to α‐Keto Amides.
Authors: Zheng Shuzhan , Wang Yan , Zhang Chunyan , Liu Jianhua , Xia Chungu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDue to their lower basicity aromatic amines do not afford the carbonylation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationship of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Pd(II)—Imidazole Complexes in Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Between 4‐Methoxyphenyl Chloride and Phenylboronic Acid.
Authors: Lv Huan , Zhu Lei , Tang Yi‐Qiang , Lu Jian‐Mei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA total of 11 NHC‐Pd(II)‐imidazole complexes are synthesized and tested with respect to their catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Preparation of Aryl and Alkyl Cyclopropyl Carbinols with Three Adjacent Stereocenters Using Perhydrobenzoxazines and Diethylzinc.
Authors: Infante Rebeca , Nieto Javier , Andres Celia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe asymmetric ethylation of aldehydes (I) and a subsequent cyclopropanation with in situ generated F3C‐CH2‐O‐Zn‐CH2‐I lead to ethyl cyclopropyl carbinols (IV) with high diastereoselectivity and good enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Difluoromethylenative Dearomatization of Phenols.
Authors: Li Yajun , Zhang Lisi , Zhang Li , Wu Yongming , Gong Yuefa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA method for the rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular difluoromethylenative dearomatization of phenols to yield azaspirocyclohexadienones containing an all‐carbon quaternary center is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Epoxidation with H2O2 Catalyzed by Electron‐Rich Aminopyridine Manganese Catalysts.
Authors: Cusso Olaf , Garcia‐Bosch Isaac , Font David , Ribas Xavi , Lloret‐Fillol Julio , Costas Miquel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractManganese catalysts of the type of MNN and MNO but with a different substitution pattern on the aromatic rings are synthesized and tested with respect to their catalytic activity in the epoxidation reaction of styrene derivatives and steroids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Route to Functionalized Δ1‐Pyrrolines.
Authors: Zard Samir Z. , Bingham Matilda , Moutrille Cecile 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe cupric acetate or ferric chloride mediated cyclizations of unsaturated oxime acetates lead to vinyl‐ or chloroalkyl‐substituted pyrrolines in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐N/S/C‐Substituted Benzothiazoles via Intramolecular Cyclative Cleavage of Benzotriazole Ring.
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Mishra Bhuwan B. , Tiwari Vinod K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of numerous 2‐C/N/S‐substituted benzothiazoles is achieved from substituted thiocarbonylbenzotriazoles via free‐radical intramolecular cyclative cleavage of the benzotriazole ring in the presence of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and AIBN.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Coupling of Saturated Heterocyclic Sulfonylhydrazones with Boronic Acids.
Authors: Allwood Daniel M. , Blakemore David C. , Brown Alan D. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA procedure for the metal‐free coupling of 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐membered saturated heterocyclic sulfonylhydrazones with aryl boronic acids is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Fluoro‐2‐Substituted Piperidines and Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Onomura Osamu , Gichuhi Paul N. , Kuriyama Masami 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTitle compounds are synthesized by electrophilic substitution of cyclic enamines (I) followed by Lewis acid mediated nucleophilic substitution reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of 1‐Halo‐1‐alkynes: Regioselective Synthesis of Semihydrogenated Aromatic Heterocycles.
Authors: Murase Hirohiko , Senda Kousuke , Senoo Masato , Hata Takeshi , Urabe Hirokazu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe title reaction affords effectively 4‐halo1,2‐dihydroquinolines [e.g. (II)], 4‐halo‐3‐chromenes [e.g. (VIII)], or 4‐(halomethylene)chromans [e.g. (XII)] in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Tetrahydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones with Ethyl Chloroacetate.
Authors: Shiryaev A. K. , Kolesnikova N. G. , Kuznetsova N. M. , Lashmanova E. A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractConditions for the selective S‐alkylation of tetrahydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones (I) with chloroacetate (II) are established that prevent a subsequent cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Benzazepines by a Multicomponent Strategy Coupled with Organocatalytic and Enzymatic Procedures.
Authors: Moni Lisa , Banfi Luca , Basso Andrea , Galatini Andrea , Spallarossa Martina , Riva Renata 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEnantiomerically pure 4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[c]azepines with three contiguous stereogenic centers are assembled with a good control of diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Microtubule‐Stabilizing Agent Ceratamine A.
Authors: Feng Qiguo , Tao Lulu , Liu Zhanzhu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractKey steps in the synthesis of the title compound are Schmidt rearrangement of the benzimidazole derivative (II) to the azepine (III) and highly economical amination of the 2‐bromoimidazole (IV) giving product (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Facet‐Dependent Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2‐Based Composites for Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation
Authors: Ong Wee‐Jun , Tan Lling‐Lling , Chai Siang‐Piao , Yong Siek‐Ting , Mohamed Abdul Rahman 
Published: May 2014

AbstractReview: [177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Thiyl Radical Chemistry by γ‐Irradiation of Micelles and Vesicles Containing Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Ferreri Carla , Lykakis Ioannis N. , Mihaljevic Branka 
Published: May 2014

AbstractReview: 25 refs.
Derivation of Oridonin with Bioreduction‐Responsive Disulfide Bond
Authors: Du Ming , Guo Qisang , Feng Hua , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA novel oridonin derivative substituted with 3‐((2,3‐dihydroxypropyl)dithio)‐propionyl group at 14‐O position was synthesized through a two‐step procedure: Esterification of oridonin with 3‐(2‐pyridyldithio)propanoic acid and the subsequent thiol‐disul?de exchange reaction with 3‐mercapto‐1,2‐propanediol. The bioreduction‐responsive disulfide bond in the compound leads to high leaving ability of the 14‐O acyl moiety when treated with glutathione as monitored by reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography.
Ambulatory cancer and US general population reference values and cutoff scores for the functional assessment of cancer therapy
Authors: Pearman Timothy , Yanez Betina , Peipert John , Wortman Katy , Beaumont Jennifer , Cella David 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDHealth‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measures are commonly used in oncology research. Interest in their use for monitoring or screening is increasing. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) is one of the most widely used HRQOL instruments. Consequently, oncology researchers and practitioners have an increasing need for reference values for the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT‐G) and its 7‐item rapid version, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General 7 (FACT‐G7), to compare FACT scores across specific subgroups of patients in research trials and practice. The objectives of this study are to provide 1) reference values from a sample of the general US adult population and a sample of adults diagnosed with cancer and 2) cutoff scores for quality of life.METHODSA sample of the general US population (N = 1075) and a sample of patients with cancer from 12 studies (N = 5065) were analyzed. Cutoff scores were established using distribution‐ and anchor‐based methods. Mean values for the cancer sample were analyzed by performance status, cancer type, and disease status. Also, t tests and established criteria for meaningful differences were used to compare values.RESULTSFACT‐G and FACT‐G7 scores in the general US population sample and cancer sample were generally comparable. Among the sample of patients with cancer, FACT‐G and FACT‐G7 scores worsened with declining performance status and increasing disease status.CONCLUSIONSThese data will aid interpretation of the magnitude and meaning of FACT scores, and allow for comparisons of scores across studies. Cancer 2014;120:2902–2909. © 2014 American Cancer Society.