bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Verteilung von Mn und Co in K(Zn,Mn,Co) F3-Einkristallen / The Distribution of Mn and Co in K(Zn, Mn, Co) F3-Single Crystals
Authors: Dickten G. , Recker K. , Triché C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
For the investigation of perfection, homogenity, absorption and luminescence a large number of K(Zn, Mn, Co) F3-single crystals with variable Mn and Co contents were grown by the Stockbarger-Bridgman method under vacuum and argon protection gas. From these crystals the Mn-and Co-contents were determined quantitatively as a function of the crystal region by means of the electron-microprobe- and absorption-techniques. The distribution curves [cS/c0 = f(x)] are discussed as a function of the crystal growth parameters. The distribution-coefficients have been determined with the help of Pfann's formula and a proposed formula which permits the computation of the distribution-coefficient for every crystal region. Both methods lead to the same results:
for Mn in KZnF3 : ke = 1.73, for Co in KZnF3 : ke = 1.64 (at growth-begin).
Molekularthermodynamische Interpretation der Phasentrennung und der kritischen Phänomene / A Molecular Thermodynamic Approach to Phase Separation and Critical Phenomena
Authors: Becker Friedrich 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
As we have shown in a recent paper5, the principle of competition between "statistical" and "chemical" mixing represents a molecular thermodynamic approach to all known types of phase separation. This principle is effective if the contributions of two independent spontaneous processes enter into the thermodynamic potential by which the resulting equilibrium state of the system is determined. This is equivalent with the statement that two different forms of entropy exist which are not interchangeable, and for which the law of increasing entropy independently must be valid. As "cooperativity" is introduced by this principle, critical phenomena may be described by simple equilibrium models in which only nearest-neighbour interactions are considered.
Starting from the molar Gibbs free energy GM of the most simple binary equilibrium model z = 1 with nearest-neighbour pairs, nonclassical critical-point exponents α = 0.33 of the molar heat capacity, β = 0.33 of the coexistence curve, γ = 1.33 of the isothermal compressibility, and δ = 4.33 of the critical isotherm, are derived, which are consistent with the well-known exponent in­ equalities. These non-classical critical-point exponents are independent of the chemical nature of the particles because they are obtained by applying thermodynamic arguments on the coupling constant τ, by which the contribution of "statistical mixing" to GM is weighted.
Asymetric Dielectric Dispersionin Glycols
Authors: Rajyam B. S. , Sastry C. V. Rama , Murty C. R. K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Dielectric dispersion studies of two pure liquid glycols, diethylene glycol and 1,3-butane diol, and of 2,2-dimethyl 1,3-propane diol dissolved in dioxane, have been carried out at radio, ultrahigh and microwave frequencies at 30 °C. The dispersion nature of the two pure liquids and the solution conforms to the Cole-Davidson type. The dispersion data on the glycol solution show a significant asymmetric behaviour. Comparison of the dispersion parameter β, and relaxation time τ0 , of the present glycols with those of other glycols reveals that both β and τ0 increase with the number of intervening carbon atoms between the two hydroxyl groups.
The Suppression of Contamination in the Convergent-Beam Electron Diffraction Camera
Authors: Dowell W. C. T. , Goodman P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that specimen contamination in convergent-beam diffraction operation can be prevented by maintaining the specimen temperature between -110 °C and -165 °C, without the use of especially high or clean vacuum conditions. At these temperatures, surface migration of molecules causing contamination is evidently inhibited. Precautions to prevent deposition from the vapour phase both before and after cooling are also required.
Energieübertragung in verschiedenen flüssigen organischen Szintillatorsystemen / Energy Transfer in Some Liquid Organic Scintillator Systems
Authors: Kawski A. , Waśniewski T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Energy Transfer in Some Liquid Organic Scintillator Systems Experimental results of fluorescence induced by high energy (gamma radiation) excitation in solutions of various solutes (isoeugenole, methylisoeugenole, 2-phenylindole, N-phenyl-2-naphthyl-amine, acenaphthene, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and 2,5-diphenyloxazole) in various solvents (benzene, toluene, xylene and xylene/n-butanol) are compared with the Bothe equation. Good agree­ ment was found with the Bothe equation which takes into account the fluorescence of solute and solvent. A linear dependence of the fluorescence intensity maximum Jmax on P/(R-K) for different solutes in a given solvent was found. A similar dependence was also found for 2,5-diphenyloxazole in xylene/n-butanol mixtures. An interpretation of the observed effects is given.
Short Range Order in Liquid Lithium-Sodium Alloys
Authors: Ruppersberg Henner , Knoll Walter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The short range order of a liquid lithium sodium alloy with nearly critical composition has been studied by small-angle and high-angle neutron diffraction at 10 and 145 K above the critical temperature. In this temperature range the small-angle scattering yields linear Ornstein-Zernike plots from which formally critical exponents and amplitudes could be determined. The atoms prefer like nearest neighbors and the extent of this preference varies only slowly with temperature.
Ligand-Field Calculations on Pseudo-Tetragonal High-Spin Fe(II) Compounds
Authors: Vermaas A. , Groeneveld W. L. , Reedijk J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paramagnetic susceptibility behaviour as well as the Mössbauer quadrupole splitting are calculated for high-spin d6 systems with a tetragonal or an orthorhombic point-symmetry. The calculations include a simultaneous perturbation of the 5D multiplet by spin-orbit interaction and static octahedral-tetragonal and orthorhombic fields. The lattice contribution to the electric-field gradient is calculated on the basis of a crystal-field model that directly relates crystal-field energy parameters to the lattice contribution. It appears that, espacially for compounds with large Ds values, the lattice contribution to the quadrupole splitting cannot be ignored.
T The Structure of NO3
– in Molten Monovalent Metal Nitrates by Pulsed Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Suzuki Kenji , Fukushima Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure factor of molten monovalent metal nitrates was measured over a wide range of scattering vectors by time-of-flight pulsed neutron diffraction using epithermal neutrons generated from an electron LINAC. It is found that the NO3
- ion forms an isosceles triangle in molten LiNO3, AgNO3 and TlNO3, and a regular triangle in molten NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3 and CsNO3.
The High Resolution Rotational Spectrum of Silylbromide, SiH3
81Br
Authors: Dössel K.-F. , Sutter D. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The microwave spectrum of SiH3
81Br has been reanalysed in the frequency range 8-40 GHz under high resolution. From 64 observed hyperfine transitions improved values for the rotational constant B = 4292646.2(4) kHz and the quadrupole coupling constant eqQ = 279825(5) kHz were obtained. Furthermore the centrifugal distortion constants DJ = 1.81(1) kHz and DJK = 29.19(4) kHz and the spin-rotation constants CN = -2.32(40) kHz and CK = -34.2(11) kHz were determined. From the values of CN and CK the 81Br nuclear shielding tensor is calculated. An improved value of ∣μ∣ - 1.319(8) D is given for the molecular electric dipole-moment.
Nonlinear Patterns in Chemical Networks as Symmetries of Transformation Groups
Authors: Busse H.-G. , Havsteen B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The origin of a stable spatial pattern in chemical reaction systems has been traced back to symmetries characterized by one-parameter transformation groups. The chemical reaction-diffusion system of Dreitlein and Smoes served as a model for the mathematical approach. The procedure is based on the conversion of sets of partial differential equations to equivalent systems of first order in more parameters. The latter generally admit one-parameter groups, which are related to singularities observed as pattern. It is also shown how models may be constructed from Lie-algebras using the constraints of integrability.
Multiple Coulomb and Nuclear Excitation of 238U with Very Heavy Ions
Authors: Oberacker Volker , Soff Gerhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Coupled channel calculations for Coulomb and nuclear excitation of the systems 136Xe-238U and 238U-238U have been performed using the rotation-vibration model. The impact parameter-, energy-and spin-dependence of the excitation probabilities are discussed for the ground state-, β-and γ-band up to Jπ = 36+. It is shown that the energy levels and quadrupole matrix elements are strongly influenced by the rotation-vibration interaction. Analytic expressions for the elastic and coupling potentials are presented.
The Complete Structure of Maleic Anhydride by DRM Microwave Spectroscopy
Authors: Stiefvater Otto L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Double resonance modulation (DRM) microwave spectroscopy has been used for the study of rotational spectra of normal and 3,4-d2 maleic anhydride, and for the investigation of the iso­ topic species spectra due naturally occurring 13C-and 18O-species of the aforementioned two parent forms. From the experimental data the complete structures of the normal and the 3,4-d2-species were deduced independently to yield the following, averaged bond lengths (in Å) and angles (in degrees) for this planar, C2v-symmetrical molecule:
C-O =1.3876 C-O-C = 108.06
C=O = 1.1962 O-C-C = 108.07
C-C = 1.4849 C-C=C = 107.90
C=C = 1.3331 O-C=0 = 122.32
C-H = 1.0791 C=C-H =129.99
The compatibility of these averaged parameters with individual values obtained for the normal and the 3,4-d2 species is better than 0.0004 Å and 0.01° for distances and angles, respectively.
The internal consistency of the rS parameters is discussed, and the vibrational contributions to the change in the moments of inertia under isotopic substitution of carbon and oxygen atoms near a principal axis are deduced.
The present structure data are compared with previous results by diffraction methods, and the bond lengths in maleic anhydride are discussed in relation to those in chemically similar substances.
Crystal Equilibrium and Lattice Dynamical Study of α-Iron and Chromium
Authors: Gupta O. P. , Hemkar M. P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Studies of the phonon dispersion, the temperature dependence of Debye-Waller factor, the Debye temperature, and the mean square displacement of α-iron and chromium have been made by means of a lattice dynamical model proposed by the authors. The model considers short range pairwise forces effective up to the second neighbours and electron-ion interactions on the lines of Bhatia using an appropriate value of the screening parameter. The volume force is aver­ aged over the whole Wigner-Seitz sphere. The ionic lattice is in equilibrium in a medium of electrons. The computed results compare well with experimental data.
Photoelectron Spectra of Bromo- and Iodotrifluoromethane
Authors: Cvitaš T. , Güsten H. , Klasinc L. , Novadj I. , Vančik H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Hel and Hell photoelectron spectra of the title compounds have been recorded and an­ alysed on the basis of comparison with chlorotrifluoromethane and methyl halides. Spin-orbit splitting could be observed in the ground state of CF3I+ where it amounts to 0.73 eV and is unresolved in CF3Br+. Vibrational fine structure observed in two band systems D and E in CF3Br+, and X and E in CF3I+ is also discussed.
Source Functions of CO2 and Future CO2 Burden in the Atmosphere
Authors: Zimen K. E. , Offermann P. , Hartmann G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A logistic source function for CO2 was derived which takes into account the input arising from the burning of fossil fuels, the stimulation of photosynthesis by the increasing partial pressure of CO2, and the decrease of biomass through deforestation etc. The parameters in a 5-box-model for the kinetics of CO2 were adjusted to fit the new Mauna Loa data on CO2 concentrations in air. Using these parameters and a buffer factor ξ(t) for the absorption of CO2 into the sea, the future CO2 burden was calculated for status quo conditions and for different values of the growth coefficient of fossil fuel consumption.
The results show that one can change the deforestation factor in rather wide limits without changing very much the future CO2 concentration in air during the next 80 years or so (cf. Figure 4). On the other hand, the future C02 burden depends strongly on the growth rate of fossil fuel consumption and will double under status quo conditions early in the next century (cf. Figure 5).
Electron Emission of CuBe on Bombardement with Parent and Fragment Ions of Ammonia and Phosphine
Authors: Märk T. D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The secondary electron emission of the first dynode of a CuBe-alloy sixteen dynode electron multiplier has been studied in the course of electron impact ionization studies of ammonia and phosphine. Relative secondary electron emission coefficients have been obtained for the singly and doubly charged parent and fragment ions of ammonia. ammonia-d3, phosphine and phosphine-d3 for kinetic energies of 5.25 and 10.5 keV. It has been found that in general deuterated ions have smaller γ coefficients than protonated ions, that ammonia ions have larger γ coefficients than phosphine ions, and that the γ coefficient increases with the complexity of the ion under study.
Fluoreszenzlöschung alternierender und nicht-alternierender polycyclischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe durch Nitroverbindungen / Fluorescence Quenching of Alternant and Non-alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons by Nitro Compounds
Authors: Zander M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fluorescence Quenching of Alternant and Non-alternant Polycyclic Hydrocarbons by Nitro Compounds Fluorescence quenching of polycyclic aromatic hydro­ carbons by nitromethane or nitrobenzene in fluid solutions is due to an electron transfer mechanism. The non diffusion controlled rate constant of quenching is very much greater for alternant than for non-alternant hydrocarbons with equal singlet excitation energy. This is explained by the known more positive reduction potential of non-alternant compared to alternant hydrocarbons.
Zum Gedankenexperiment von Einstein , Podolsky und Rosen
Authors: Weber M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The EPR-gedankenexperiment in the general case of systems with angular momentum of arbitrary magnitude is analyzed within the quantum theoretical measuring process. With respect to the time reversal symmetry of the systems under consideration it will be shown that the contradictions between the EPR experiment and quantum theory do not occur.
Vector Polarization Induced by a Viscous Gas Flow in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Köhler W. E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
It is shown that a viscous flow of a polyatomic gas in a magnetic field can give rise to a vector polarization of the molecular rotational angular momenta. This viscomagnetic vector polarization is calculated from an appropriate set of moment equations pertaining to the linearized Waldmann-Snider equation. In particular, the transverse effect is discussed and an estimate of its order of magnitude is given for nitrogen.
Spektrographische Bestimmung von Halogenspuren mit Hilfe einer Impulsquelle Einfluß von Natur und Druck des umgebenden Gases / Determination of Halogens by means of Emission Spectroscopy with a Pulsed Source. Influence of the Nature and Pressure of the Surrounding Gas
Authors: Heshmat-Chaaban G. , Triché Cl. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A high power pulsed source has been employed for emission spectrographic determination of halogens. The experiments were conducted in various gases (rare or diatomic gas). This method may be applied to all metalloids. The sensitivity can be improved in comparison with that obtained in air under normal pressure: 100 ppm instead of 400 for fluorine (He: 460 Torr), 1 ppm instead of 10 for the bromine (Ar: 380 Torr). Depending on the nature and pressure of the working-gas, collisions of the second kind or quenching collisions are predominant.
Phase Transitions in Caesium n.C5-n.C12 Alkanoates
Authors: Sanesi M. , Ferloni P. , Zangen M. , Franzosini P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
DSC analysis was performed on caesium n.C5-n.C12 alkanoates between 330 and about 700 K. The temperatures of clearing and/or melting, and of solid state transitions were evaluated together with the associated heat effects. The occurrence of metastable melting was also put into evidence for the higher terms of the series.
Enhancement of the Scattering Intensity for the Hyper-Raman Effect in Connection with Statistical Properties of the Excitation Light Source
Authors: Altmann K. , Strey G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The scattering intensity for the hyper-Raman effect is found to depend on statistical properties of the excitation light source. In close correspondence to the two-photon absorption process also for the hyper-Raman effect there arises an amplification factor of 3/2 up to 2 for the superposition of two or an infinite number, respectively, of incoherent light waves, polarized parallel. This result is derived in semiclassical terms so that the origin of the effect can be followed more clearly than in quantum electrodynamical calculations. It is shown that natural light in nonlinear optics can be represented mathematically alternatively by superposing linearly or circularly polarized light waves as in linear optics, but with the important modification that one should superpose an infinite number of incoherent components instead of only two of them. A new experimental method is proposed to observe the hyper-Raman effect using the mode locking technique. It is shown that the scattering intensity can be increased in this way by a factor of approximately ⅔ M where M is the number of modes coupled together with a constant frequency separation ⊿ω.
On the Thermal Behaviour of Long-chain Potassium n.alkanoates
Authors: Ferloni P. , Spinolo G. , Zangen M. , Franzosini P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry was performed between 110 K and the isotropic melt region on potassium n.alka­-noates from octanoate to dodecanoate. Clearing, melting and (crystalline) solid state transition temperatures and heat effects were measured. In the higher homologues the occur­ rence of phases (likely “waxy”) intermediate between crystalline solid and mesomorphic liquid could also be argued. The phase relationships are discussed in comparison with some roentgenographic and microscopic results of previous authors.
A Double Hard Sphere Model of Supercooled Liquid Gallium
Authors: Orton B. R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A double hard sphere model, already successfully applied to liquid Ge and Sb, has been used to reproduce the inter­ ference function of supercooled liquid Ga at 23 °C. The model interference function was composed of two partial interference functions which corresponded to packing den­ sities of 0.50 and 0.47 and diameters 2.78 Å and 2.25 Å. Additional justification for the model has been found in recent theoretical work.
Reversed Kinetic Isotope Effect during Penetration of Cathodic Hydrogen/Deuterium into NiCu30 Alloy
Authors: Bauer H. J. , Grosselfinger J. , Zwick M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The cathodic charging with H/D of a NiCu alloy containing 30 At.-% Cu followed by magnetic measurements indicates that D penetrates faster into the alloy than H.
Primary Reactions during the Free Anionic Polymerization of β Nitrostyrene
Authors: Dinh-Ngoc Binh , Schnabel Wolfram 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
β-Nitrostyrene (βNS) was irradiated at r. t. in solutions of hexamethylphosph. triamide (HMPT) with 50 ns pulses of 15 MeV electrons. It was found that βNS reacts with solvated electrons almost encounter controlled (k(e-
solv + βNS) = (9 ± 3) · 109 l/mol s) forming the radical anion · βNS-. The optical absorption spectrum of the latter was recorded in dilute solutions ([βNS] < 5 × 10-3 mol/l). At higher βNS concentrations the formation of an additional optical absorption after the pulse in the wavelength range between 460 nm and 570 nm was detected, which is attributed to the reaction of βNS with · βNS- yielding the dimeric radical anion (· βNS-βNS-). The rate constant for this process is 4 × 107 l/mol s. At low βNS concentrations ( < 5 × 10-3 mol/l) the transient spectrum decayed by a second order process (k2 - (2.2 ± 0.5) · 109 l/mol s). This process is correlated to the neutralization of radical anions by cations formed initially. At [βNS] > 5 × 10-3 mol/l only the band at 630 nm decays according to second order kinetics. This band is correlated to the part of the anions with the highest electron density, the nitro groups. At wavelengths below 570 nm the absorptions of various species overlap. These species decay by different rate laws.
Zur Eignung von Edelgas- bzw. Edelgas-Stickstoff-Gemischen als Detektionsgase in Proportional-Szintillations-Detektoren / Suitability of Noble Gases and their Mixtures, Partly with Nitrogen, as Detection Gases in Proportional Scintillation Counters
Authors: Brunner G. , Morgenstern P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ar, Ar/N2, Ar/Xe, Kr and Kr/Xe were tested in a spherical gas scintillation counter. The examinations led to the conclusion that only the four lowest lying states 3P2, 3P1, 3P0, 1P1 of the noble gas atoms in the luminescence process are involved. From a practical point of view, the best energy resolution could be reached by Xe. We got a full width at half maximum of 83 eV for boron X-rays (183 eV).
Quantitative Isotopenanreicherung im Thermodiffusionstrennrohr / Quantitative Isotope Enrichment in Thermal Diffusion Separation Column
Authors: Kretner R. , Dickel G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In applying the theory of the thermal diffusion separation column with containers at both ends to quantitative isotope enrichment, the volume of the column has not yet been exactly accounted for. A formula is derived which describes the effective volume as a function of the characteristic values of the enrichment apparatus. An iteration method for calculation of the effective volume is presented. The theoretical values are compared with experimental results in the case of time dependent enrichment of two isotopes (13CH4, 14CH4) and three different ways of enrichment. Agreement within the experimental limits of error of ± 6% was found.
Relative Stabilities of Dihaloethylenes and Dihaloethanes. A Theoretical Study [1]
Authors: Nascimento Carlos C. , Brinn Ira Mark 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
CNDO/2-type calculations have been carried out on 1,1-dihaloethylenes, 1,2-dihaloethylenes and 1,2-dihaloethanes treating all four halogens. The energy was minimized with respect to the coordinates by use of the FORCE method. The results are consistent with experimental isomer and conformer stabilities and it is shown, by means of a cis-trans correlation diagram and calculated intramolecular atomic interaction energies, that previous explanations of the apparent halogen-halogen attraction are inconsistent with our results.
Low Frequency Dielectric Dispersion in 1,4-Butanediol
Authors: Pethig R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The earlier reported dielectric properties of solid 1,4-Butanediol are critically examined in terms of conventional dipolar orientational theory. An explanation of the low frequency dielectric dispersion that involves molecular orientational effects associated with lattice deformations appears to require a value of the order 0.53 to 0.58 for the so-called Kirkwood dipole moment reduction factor. A model involving the hopping of charge carriers between localized energy states is offered as an alternative mechanism for the dielectric dispersion.