bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle and sheep in the province of Kars, Turkey, as determined by ELISA
Authors: Akca A. , Gokce H. , Mor N. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle and sheep in the province of Kars, Turkey. Serum samples from 500 cattle and 540 sheep, collected from 15 randomly selected localities (villages) in the region, were tested for the presence of anti-F. hepatica antibodies using an in-house ELISA test with 98 % sensitivity and 96 % specificity. The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in the district was determined to be 66.6 % (333/500) in cattle and 93 % (502/540) in sheep. There was also a statistically significant difference in the rates of seropositivity between villages (each of which could be considered to be a large herd or flock), ranging from 0 % to 100 % in cattle and from 68 % to 100 % in sheep, P < 0.01). These findings show that F. hepatica infection is very common in the region; that, in contrast to results from abattoir which indicate a level of only 10 % prevalence, the exposure of farm animals to the infection in the region is in fact very high; and that the risk of acquiring the infection varies between the localities and the host species tested within the region.
The impact of grazing management on seasonal activity of gastrointestinal parasites in goats
Authors: Stadalienė I. , Petkevičius S. , Šarkūnas M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of grazing management and other risk factors (age, treatment practices) on seasonal activity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in goats. Goat flocks naturally infected with GI parasites reared on four Lithuanian farms representing different management regimes were examined during the grazing season in 2011/2012. On three farms the adult goats were grazed in different ways on open pastures (with or without supplementary feeding) or tethered. On one farm all animals were kept indoor (zero-grazing). On each farm, samples were collected at monthly intervals from 13–15 adult and 10 kids. The results showed that grazing of adult goats with feed supplementation or kept indoor, shed the lowest number of strongyle eggs when compared to those kept on pasture (P < 0.05). Delayed turnout and zero-grazing significantly reduced excretion of strongyle eggs but increased the output of oocysts when compared to those grazed on set-stocked pasture together with adult goats. The most prevalent genus on all farms and in both age groups of goats were Teladorsagia spp. This study demonstrates that goats are infected with mixed species of parasites, but proportions of these parasites differed in different grazing management systems. The grazing management, age and season were all major factors that had an impact on GI parasite infection.
Blood Pressure Control and Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response in Nigerians with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Abiodun Olugbenga O. , Balogun Michael O. , Adebayo Rasaaq A. , Akintomide Anthony O. 
Published: June 2014

Background Blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensives is important in preventing cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. This work was done to assess control of BP among Nigerian hypertensives at rest and during exercise. Materials and Methods A total of 85 male hypertensives were recruited consecutively and had clinical evaluation and treadmill (TM) exercise testing using the Bruce protocol. Independent t-test, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare patients with controlled and uncontrolled BP using SPSS version 16 software. Adjustment for confounders was by logistic regression and general linear model. Results Resting systolic BP (rSBP) (mmHg) and resting diastolic BP (rDBP) (mmHg) were significantly lower in the controlled group (115.0 ± 12.29, 133.1 ± 12.27, P = < 0.001 and 76.00 ± 6.55, 91.4 ± 8.00, P = < 0.001). The proportion of subjects with controlled BP was 37.7%. Adjusted peak SBP (PSBP) during exercise (mmHg) was significantly higher in the uncontrolled than in the controlled group (210.5 ± 27.31, 191.8 ± 20.77, P = 0.001). Adjusted exaggerated blood pressure response (EBPR) was found in 37 subjects (44%) in the uncontrolled group while seven subjects (0.1%) had EBPR in the controlled group ( P = 0.003). Conclusion This study shows that EBPR is significantly higher in subjects with uncontrolled BP compared with those with controlled BP. Therefore, good BP control may be the key factor in preventing EBPR in hypertensives.
Electronic Cigarette Retail Outlets and Proximity to Schools
Authors: Hahn Ellen J. , Begley Kathy , Gokun Yevgeniya , Johnson Andrew O. , Mundy Monica E. , Rayens Mary Kay 
Published: June 2014

Purpose. To compare the retail distribution and density per population of electronic and conventional cigarettes in smoke-free communities with and without e-cigarette restrictions. Design. A cross-sectional study with field observations of retail tobacco stores. Setting. Two Central Kentucky counties with 100% smoke-free workplace regulations; counties selected on the basis of whether e-cigarette use was restricted. Subjects. Fifty-seven tobacco retailers in two counties, including conventional retailers and stand-alone e-cigarette stores. Measures. Type and location of store and products sold; addresses of stores and schools geocoded with ArcGIS. Analysis. Bivariate comparisons between counties, rates and confidence intervals for frequency of tobacco retailers and e-cigarette stores per population. Results. Fifty-three percent of tobacco retailers sold e-cigarettes. E-cigarette availability did not differ by whether smoke-free regulation covered e-cigarettes. Rates of tobacco retailers and e-cigarette distributors per 10,000 were 8.29 and 4.40, respectively, in the two-county area. Of the 40 schools, 88% had a tobacco retailer and 68% had an e-cigarette distributor within 1 mile. Conclusion. In this exploratory study, e-cigarette use restriction was not related to store availability. For a relatively new product, e-cigarettes were readily available in retail outlets and close to schools.
Relations between must clarification and organoleptic attributes of wine varietes
Authors: Vietoris Vladimí­r , Czako Peter , Mendelová Andrea , Remeňová Zuzana , Závracký Marek 
Published: June 2014

Blowdown musts is important operation performed in winemaking, which can have a major impact on the future quality of the wine. Blowdown of the wine removes components that may carry elements that negatively affect the hygienic and sensory quality of the wine. Fining of musts and wines is carried either by a static method or using different fining preparations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different methods of decanting on the wine quality varieties of Sauvignon. The overall sensory quality was evaluated (100 - points system, and semantic differential) and the aromatic profile (profile method). All sensory evaluations were practiced by skilled sensory panel in controled conditions of Faculty sensory lab. Wine samples were clarified by static manner or with the assistance of the preparation applied to the clarification of wine in two different doses. By the results and their visualization of flavour and smell profile by spider plots we could conclude that pure cultures have positive effect on processed wine. Based on the results we found a beneficial effect of clearing by the clarification of the preparation based on cellulose, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, gelatin and mineral adsorbents at 100 g.100 L-1 of the sensory quality of the wine.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS IN VULCANIZED STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER BY THERMAL DESORPTION AND THERMALLY ASSISTED HYDROLYSIS AND METHYLATION-GC/MS
Authors: Watanabe Atsushi , Watanabe Chu , Freeman Robert , Nakajima Mari , Teramae Norio , Ohtani Hajime 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Determination of stearic acid in rubber is very important from the viewpoint of quality control of products. In place of the conventional liquid-phase extraction procedures for the analysis of additives in rubber, stearic and palmitic acids in vulcanized styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) samples were directly analyzed in the solid state by thermal desorption (TD)–gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS) and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM)–GC/MS. It was found that the precision of analytical data was only fair in the TD-GC/MS analysis, with 7.8% relative standard deviation (RSD), because of the interaction between the polar fatty acids and basic sites in the GC chromatographic system. On the other hand, THM-GC/MS, in which the fatty acids are derivatized to the methyl esters using tetramethylammonium hydroxide, can overcome this problem. Under the optimized measurement conditions of this study for THM-GC/MS, the average determined value (0.62 wt%) of total fatty acids in the SBR samples was found to agree well with the compounded amount (0.64 wt%) used in the preparation stage of the SBR samples, and the RSD was 3.2%.
Role and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococci Involved in Prosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Drago Lorenzo , De Vecchi Elena , Cappelletti Laura , Mattina Roberto , Vassena Christian , Romanò Carlo L. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose Staphylococci are responsible for approximately half of all prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) and they are often multi-drug resistant. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of PJIs caused by staphylococci in our hospital from March 2010 to February 2012, with particular reference to antibiotic resistance in relation to their classification as contaminant or infecting isolates. Methods We analyzed samples recovered from 124 patients: most of them were male (55.8%) and the mean age was 66 ± 14 years. Prostheses derived from hip (54.8%) or knee (45.2%) replacement and they were processed by sonication. Isolates were identified using conventional biochemical methodologies. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the disk diffusion method as described by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Results A total of 135 staphylococci were isolated: the prevalent species was Staphylococcus aureus, but, on the whole, coagulase-negative staphylococci represented 57% of cases. Fifty-one isolates were recovered from a single sample and were therefore defined as contaminant. Linezolid and glycopeptides showed excellent activity versus all the tested isolates, while penicillin, levofloxacin, and erythromycin offered reduced activity against staphylococci. Interestingly, high resistance rates were observed for coagulase-negative staphylococci other than S. epidermidis classified as contaminant strains. Conclusions We observed a remarkable spread of coagulase-negative staphylococci as causative agents of PJIs; but most of them were classified as contaminants. However, because of their low susceptibility to the antibiotics tested, further studies are necessary to evaluate their role as pathogens or as true contaminants.
Entry/Title Compression Code Access to Machine Readable Bibliographic Files
Authors: Newman William L. , Buchinski Edwin J. 
Published: June 2014

An entry/title compression code is proposed which will fulfill the following requirements at the Library, University of Saskatchewan: 1) entry/title access to MARC tapes; 2) entry/title access to the acquisitions and cataloguing in-process file; and 3) entry /title duplicate order edit within the acquisitions and cataloguing in-process file. The study which produced the code and applications for the code are discussed.
A MARC II-Based Program for Retrieval and Dissemination
Authors: Mauerhoff Georg R. , Smith Richard G. 
Published: June 2014

Subscriptions to the Library of Congress' MARC tapes number approximately sixty. The uses to which the weekly tapes have been put have been minimal in the area of Selective Dissemination of lnformation (SDI) and current awareness. This paper reviews work that has been performed on hatched retrieval/dissemination and provides a description of a highly flexible cooperative SDI system developed by the Library, University of Saskatchewan, and the National Science Library. The system will permit searching over all subject areas represented by the English language monographic literature on MARC.
Development of a Technical Library to Support Computer Systems Evaluation
Authors: Malley Patricia Munson 
Published: June 2014

This paper reports on the development and growth of the United States Army Computer Systems Support and Evaluation Command (USACSSEC) Technical Reference Library from a collection of miscellaneous documents related to only fifty computer systems to the present collection of approximately 10,000 hardware/software technical documents related to over 200 systems from 70 manufacturers. Special emphasis is given to the evolution of the filing system and retrieval techniques unique to the USACSSEC Technical Reference Library, i.e., computer listings of available documents in various sequences, and development uf the cataloging system adaptable to computer technology. It is hoped that this paper will be a contribution toward a standard approach in cataloging ADP collections.
La rage de Vivre et les « Cahiers noirs » (1934-1935)
Authors: Lamonde Yvan 
Published: June 2014

Areligieuse mais politique comme les Jeune-Canada qu’elle considère par ailleurs « bourgeois », la revue Vivre se démarque de la Jeunesse ouvrière catholique, de L’Action nationale et des « métaphysiciens » de La Relève. Éclectique dans ses inspirations politiques et intellectuelles, anticonformiste par son ton, la revue de Québec se met aussi à l’enseigne de Jean-Charles Harvey, dénonciateur des « demi-civilisés ». « Vivre » est pour l’éphémère revue « combattre la peur » et plaider pour la vie, pour le vivant, pour le présent contre le conformisme des peureux qui prennent le passé pour maître. Vivre renaîtra dans La Nation.
La bibliothèque du Conseil supérieur de Québec (1717-1760) : formation et contenu
Authors: Melançon François 
Published: June 2014

En Nouvelle-France, le livre joue un rôle de premier plan dans la rencontre entre l’institution juridique d’origine européenne et le « vivre ensemble » colonial modulé par un espace étranger, l’Amérique du Nord. Il constitue un support de l’arsenal législatif des autorités monarchiques et un support du droit coutumier parisien qui régit la vie civile de la colonie. C’est pourquoi l’acquisition des livres de judicature est devenue, tôt dans le XVIIIe siècle, une question clé des débats relatifs à la qualité de l’administration judiciaire de la Nouvelle-France et aux compétences juridiques de ses officiers. Laissée traditionnellement à la charge des magistrats, cette démarche va peu à peu être assumée par le gouvernement qui verra à fournir un certain nombre de livres de référence à sa magistrature locale. La bibliothèque du Conseil supérieur de Québec deviendra ainsi la première bibliothèque de collectivité laïque dans la vallée laurentienne avant les années 1760. Le présent article en présente son histoire et son contenu ainsi qu’un catalogue reconstitué de la collection.
Diagnostic Accuracy of an Integrated AI Tool to Estimate Gestational Age From Blind Ultrasound Sweeps
Authors: Stringer Jeffrey S. A. , Pokaprakarn Teeranan , Prieto Juan C. , Vwalika Bellington , Chari Srihari V. , Sindano Ntazana , Freeman Bethany L. , Sikapande Bridget , Davis Nicole M. , Sebastião Yuri V. , Mandona Nelly M. , Stringer Elizabeth M. , Benabdelkader Chiraz , Mungole Mutinta , Kapilya Filson M. , Almnini Nariman , Diaz Arieska N. , Fecteau Brittany A. , Kosorok Michael R. , Cole Stephen R. , Kasaro Margaret P. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceAccurate assessment of gestational age (GA) is essential to good pregnancy care but often requires ultrasonography, which may not be available in low-resource settings. This study developed a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model to estimate GA from blind ultrasonography sweeps and incorporated it into the software of a low-cost, battery-powered device.ObjectiveTo evaluate GA estimation accuracy of an AI-enabled ultrasonography tool when used by novice users with no prior training in sonography.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolled 400 individuals with viable, single, nonanomalous, first-trimester pregnancies in Lusaka, Zambia, and Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Credentialed sonographers established the “ground truth” GA via transvaginal crown-rump length measurement. At random follow-up visits throughout gestation, including a primary evaluation window from 14 0/7 weeks’ to 27 6/7 weeks’ gestation, novice users obtained blind sweeps of the maternal abdomen using the AI-enabled device (index test) and credentialed sonographers performed fetal biometry with a high-specification machine (study standard).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the mean absolute error (MAE) of the index test and study standard, which was calculated by comparing each method’s estimate to the previously established GA and considered equivalent if the difference fell within a prespecified margin of ±2 days.ResultsIn the primary evaluation window, the AI-enabled device met criteria for equivalence to the study standard, with an MAE (SE) of 3.2 (0.1) days vs 3.0 (0.1) days (difference, 0.2 days [95% CI, −0.1 to 0.5]). Additionally, the percentage of assessments within 7 days of the ground truth GA was comparable (90.7% for the index test vs 92.5% for the study standard). Performance was consistent in prespecified subgroups, including the Zambia and North Carolina cohorts and those with high body mass index.Conclusions and RelevanceBetween 14 and 27 weeks’ gestation, novice users with no prior training in ultrasonography estimated GA as accurately with the low-cost, point-of-care AI tool as credentialed sonographers performing standard biometry on high-specification machines. These findings have immediate implications for obstetrical care in low-resource settings, advancing the World Health Organization goal of ultrasonography estimation of GA for all pregnant people.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05433519
Universal Background Checks, Permit Requirements, and Firearm Homicide Rates
Authors: Siegel Michael 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceA loophole in US gun policy is that people can purchase guns from private sellers without going through any background check. Some states have addressed this loophole by requiring universal background checks for all gun sales, either at the point of sale or through a permit system; however, most studies on the effectiveness of universal background checks have not analyzed these 2 policy mechanisms separately.ObjectiveTo assess the association of point-of-sale background check law and gun permit law, separately, with firearm homicide rates from 1976 through 2022 using the same methods and model specification.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used a difference-in-differences, fixed-effects regression model to evaluate firearm laws and firearm homicide rates in 48 states from 1976 through 2022. Data were obtained for 48 states except New Hampshire and Vermont and were analyzed in January 2024.ExposuresImplementation of either the law requiring a universal background check at point of sale for all firearms without a permit or the laws combining universal background checks and a state permit requirement for all gun purchasers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnnual, state-specific rates of firearm homicide per 100 000 people.ResultsFrom 1976 through 2022, 12 states adopted the universal background check laws without permitting requirements and 7 states implemented gun permit laws covering all firearms. The mean (SD) firearm homicide rate was 4.3 (0.1) per 100 000 people. Universal background checks for all firearms alone (without a state permitting system) were not associated with overall homicide rates (percentage change, 1.3%; 95% CI, −6.9% to 10.4%) or firearm homicide rates (percentage change, 3.7%; 95% CI, −5.3% to 13.6%). A law requiring a permit for the purchase of all firearms was associated with significantly lower overall homicide rates (percentage change, −15.4%; 95% CI, −28.5% to −0.01%) and firearm homicide rates (percentage change, −18.3%; 95% CI, −32.0% to −1.9%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that universal background checks alone were not associated with firearm homicide rates, but a permit requirement for the purchase and possession of firearms was associated with substantially reduced rates of firearm homicide. The findings suggest that combining universal background checks and permit-to-purchase requirements is an effective strategy for firearm-related fatality reduction.
Sociodemographic Trends and Perinatal Outcomes in Fathers 50 Years and Older
Authors: Ha Albert S. , Scott Michael , Zhang Chiyuan Amy , Li Shufeng , Langroudi Ashkan P , Glover Frank , Basran Satvir , Del Giudice Francesco , Shaw Gary M. , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThe age of fathers at childbirth is rising, with an increasing number of births attributed to older fathers. While the impact of advanced paternal age has been documented, sociodemographic data about fathers aged 50 years and older remain scarce.ObjectivesTo explore sociodemographic and temporal trends among the oldest US fathers (age ≥50 years) and their associations with perinatal outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included data from all US births from 2011 to 2022 using the National Vital Statistics System. Data were analyzed from August 2023 and May 2024.ExposuresReported paternal age at childbirth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were sociodemographic factors, temporal trends in older fatherhood, and perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, assisted reproductive technology (ART), rates of maternal primiparity, and the infant sex ratio.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2022, the US recorded 46 195 453 births, with an overall mean (SD) paternal age of 31.5 (6.8) years and 484 507 (1.1%) involving fathers aged 50 years or older, 47 785 (0.1%) aged 60 years or older, and 3777 (0.008%) aged 70 years or older. Births to fathers aged 50 years or older increased from 1.1% in 2011 to 1.3% in 2022 (P for trend &amp;lt; .001). Fathers aged 50 years or older were more diverse, with variations in educational achievement and race and ethnicity. Marital status and maternal racial and ethnic and educational backgrounds also varied by paternal age and race. Despite controlling for maternal age and other sociodemographic and perinatal factors, every 10-year increase in paternal age was consistently associated with greater use of ART (eg, age 50-59 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.23; 95% CI, 2.19-2.27), higher likelihood of first maternal birth (eg, age 50-59 years: aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.15-1.17), and increased risks of preterm birth (eg, age 50-59 years: aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.15-1.18) and low birth weight (eg, age 50-59 years: aOR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.13-1.15) compared with fathers aged 30 to 39 years. No significant changes in the infant sex ratio were observed, except among fathers aged 70 years or older (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99) and 75 years or older (aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97), who showed a decreased likelihood of having male offspring.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of all US births from 2011 to 2022, the percentage attributed to older fathers, while small, increased. Notable variations in paternal and maternal race and education were identified. Older fatherhood was associated with increased ART use, first-time maternal births, adverse perinatal outcomes, and altered sex ratio. Further research of this population is crucial for improving patient counseling and family planning.