bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐resistance and baseline susceptibility of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to cyantraniliprole in the south of China
Authors: Sang Song , Shu Benshui , Yi Xin , Liu Jie , Hu Meiying , Zhong Guohua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe oriental leafworm moth, Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a widely distributed polyphagous insect pest in Asia that has been shown to be resistant to various types of insecticide. The newly registered anthranilic diamide cyantraniliprole provided novel insight and great opportunities to control S. litura.RESULTSIn this study, the susceptibilities of S. litura collected from South China to cyantraniliprole were measured by standard leaf‐disc bioassay, and obvious variation in susceptibility was observed among the 17 field populations, with LC50 values varying from 0.206 to 1.336 mg AI L−1. Significant correlations were detected between the LC50 values of cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole (P < 0.05). However, no significant correlation (P > 0.05) was observed between the two anthranilic diamides and other insecticides with different action mechanisms (delcamethrin, chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate). Piperonyl butoxide showed obvious synergism in Lab‐Sus, ZC14 and cyantraniliprole‐resistant strains, while diethyl maleate and S,S,S‐tributylphorotrithioate had no obvious synergistic effects in any of the strains tested.CONCLUSIONThese results revealed obvious regional variation in cyantraniliprole susceptibilities among populations of S. litura from different areas, and potential cross‐resistance to chlorantraniliprole, which suggested that S. litura could develop resistance to cyantraniliprole. Detoxification enzymes might not be involved in the observed tolerance in field‐collected populations and the cyantraniliprole‐resistant strain. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A new metric for flow‐level filtering of low‐rate DDoS attacks
Authors: Şimşek Mehmet 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLow‐rate distributed denial‐of‐service (LDDoS) attacks dramatically reduce transmission control protocol throughput by exploiting the vulnerability in the transmission control protocol congestion control mechanism. The current study proposes a new metric called mean Internet Protocol (IP) packet delay variation (mipdv) to detect LDDoS flows and a filtering method called ipdv‐based LDDoS filtering (ILF) using mipdv. Receiving first seven packets from a flow is sufficient to calculate the mipdv metric. Subsequently, mipdv can be recalculated for each received packet. This makes the detection of LDDoS flows possible in a short time (in a few tens of milliseconds in most cases). Ns2 simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of ILF. Experimental results show that ILF detects LDDoS flows in a very short time with very high accuracy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Current State of Naïve Human Pluripotency
Authors: Dodsworth Benjamin T. , Flynn Rowan , Cowley Sally A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Naïve or ground state pluripotency is a cellular state in vitro which resembles cells of the preimplantation epiblast in vivo. This state was first observed in mouse embryonic stem cells and is characterized by high rates of proliferation, the ability to differentiate widely, and global hypomethylation. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) correspond to a later or “primed” stage of embryonic development. The conversion of hPSCs to a naïve state is desirable as their features should facilitate techniques such as gene editing and more efficient differentiation. Here we review protocols which now allow derivation of naïve human pluripotent stem cells by transgene expression or the use of media formulations containing inhibitors and growth factors and correlate this with pathways involved. Maintenance of these ground state cells is possible using a combination of basic fibroblast growth factor and human leukemia inhibitory factor together with dual inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK). Close similarity between the ground state hPSC and the in vivo preimplantation epiblast have been shown both by demonstrating similar upregulation of endogenous retroviruses and correlation of global RNA-seq data. This suggests that the human naïve state is not an in vitro artifact. Stem Cells 2015;33:3181–3186
The Corepressor Rcor1 Is Essential for Normal Myeloerythroid Lineage Differentiation
Authors: Yao Huilan , Goldman Devorah C. , Fan Guang , Mandel Gail , Fleming William H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBased on its physical interactions with histone-modifying enzymes, the transcriptional corepressor Rcor1 has been implicated in the epigenetic regulation blood cell development. Previously, we have demonstrated that Rcor1 is essential for the maturation of definitive erythroid cells and fetal survival. To determine the functional role of Rcor1 in steady-state hematopoiesis in the adult, we used a conditional knockout approach. Here, we show that the loss of Rcor1 expression results in the rapid onset of severe anemia due to a complete, cell autonomous block in the maturation of committed erythroid progenitors. By contrast, both the frequency of megakaryocyte progenitors and their capacity to produce platelets were normal. Although the frequency of common lymphoid progenitors and T cells was not altered, B cells were significantly reduced and showed increased apoptosis. However, Rcor1-deficient bone marrow sustained normal levels of B-cells following transplantation, indicating a non-cell autonomous requirement for Rcor1 in B-cell survival. Evaluation of the myelomonocytic lineage revealed an absence of mature neutrophils and a significant increase in the absolute number of monocytic cells. Rcor1-deficient monocytes were less apoptotic and showed ∼100-fold more colony-forming activity than their normal counterparts, but did not give rise to leukemia. Moreover, Rcor1−/− monocytes exhibited extensive, cytokine-dependent self-renewal and overexpressed genes associated with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion including Gata2, Meis1, and Hoxa9. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Rcor1 is essential for the normal differentiation of myeloerythroid progenitors and for appropriately regulating self-renewal activity in the monocyte lineage. Stem Cells 2015;33:3304–3314
Player evaluation using win probabilities in sports competitions
Authors: Albert Jim 
Published: June 2015

One type of sports competition between two teams consists of a sequence of plays where the winner is the team with the most points scored. A win probability is a calculation during the game which expresses the likelihood of the home team winning the contest. Win probabilities are helpful in understanding the ebb and flow of the game, and in assessing which plays had the largest impact on the outcome of the contest. This article reviews the definition, construction, and application of win probabilities in a number of sports including the use of this concept in measuring the contribution of individual players. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:316–325. doi: 10.1002/wics.1358This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetra(pyridyl)cyclo­butadiene Iron Complexes [Cp*Fe(C4py4)]– (py = 3‐pyridyl and 4‐pyridyl, Cp* = C5Me5)
Authors: Wiegel Anne‐Kathrin , Rad Babak Rezaei , Herrmann Dirk , Wolf Robert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe tetra(pyridyl)cyclobutadiene complexes [K([18{crown‐6){Cp*FeC4(3‐py)4}] (2) (3‐py = 3‐pyridyl) and [K([18{crown‐6){Cp*FeC4(4‐py)4}] (3) (4‐py = 4‐pyridyl) were synthesized by reacting two equivalents of bis(3‐pyridyl)acetylene and bis(4‐pyridyl)acetylene with the naphthalene complex [K([18{crown‐6){Cp*Fe(η4‐C10H8)}]. Compounds 2 and 3 were fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. They display similar sandwich structures with an η5‐coordinated Cp* unit and an η4‐coordinated cyclobutadiene moiety. In the solid state, compounds 2 and 3 form distinct polymeric chain structures due to the interaction of the pyridyl nitrogen atoms with the potassium cations. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that the [Cp*FeC4py4]– anions (py = 3‐py or 4‐py) undergo a reversible one electron oxidation to neutral [Cp*FeC4py4] complexes. A second quasi‐reversible redox event is attributed to the oxidation these products to unstable [Cp*FeC4py4]+ cations. The properties of 2 and 3 are compared with those of the previously reported 2‐pyridyl complex [K([18{crown‐6){Cp*FeC4(2‐py)4}] (1) [Dalton Trans. 2014, 43, 4247–4250].
Increased Emulsion Stability for Reverse Y‐Shaped Sugar‐Based Surfactants
Authors: Ali Tammar Hussein , Tajuddin Hairul Anuar Bin , Hussen Rusnah Syahila Duali , Heidelberg Thorsten 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA series of reverse Y‐shaped surfactants containing aromatic and aliphatic linkers to combine two short hydrocarbon chains and one carbohydrate head group was prepared. Liquid crystalline behavior, air–water interfacial properties, and efficiency as an emulsifier was investigated for each reverse Y‐shaped surfactant. All reverse Y‐shaped surfactants mediated higher emulsion stabilities for water‐in‐oil compared to common typical reference surfactants, reflecting an improved ability to cope with a curvature towards water. The introduction of a benzene ring into the linker substantially increased the affinity of the surfactant for hydrophobic media, resulting in improved emulsion stability for both water‐in‐oil and oil‐in‐water.
Extraction of Coriander Oil Using Twin‐Screw Extrusion: Feasibility Study and Potential Press Cake Applications
Authors: Uitterhaegen E. , Nguyen Q. H. , Sampaio K. A. , Stevens C. V. , Merah O. , Talou T. , Rigal L. , Evon Ph. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study presents an assessment of the vegetable oil extraction from coriander fruits through mechanical pressing, more specifically twin‐screw extrusion. This comprises an evaluation of the oil recovery obtained and its respective quality, as well as the specific mechanical energy, representing an economical point of view. With regard to the extrusion optimization, the screw configuration, the device's filling coefficient and the pressing temperature were varied. The screw configuration was shown to exhibit a key influence on the extraction efficiency and oil recoveries of at least 40 % were reached when the pressing zone was positioned immediately after the filter and consisted of 50 mm long, reverse screws with a ‐33 mm pitch. Furthermore, with a device's filling coefficient of 39.4 g/h rpm and a pressing temperature of 120 °C, an oil recovery of 47 %, the highest of this study, was reached with concurrent low energy consumption. Next to this, operating parameters of 47.1 g/h rpm and 80 °C resulted in the production of a press cake with the lowest residual oil content (15 %) in this study, although this also involved a significant increase in the filtrate's foot content. All the produced oils were of acceptable quality (<1.5 % acidity), showed high petroselinic acid content (73 %), and were pleasantly scented.
Shale Gas: A Non-conventional Hydrocarbon as Future Energy Resource of India
Authors: Hasan Syed Zaheer , Rasheed M. A. , Harinarayan T. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Shale gas, despite being trapped in low permeability horizons, has gained a big boom in recent years that can be utilized to partially meet the ever increasing demands of the conventional natural gas. The major assets of hydrocarbon potential are widely distributed over India. The Brahmaputra valley of NE India, the Cambay region of Gujarat coast, the west coast offshore and the east coast offshore regions are the potential areas from where the maximum hydrocarbon is tapped. In India approximately two-third production is shared by the offshore regions while the rest is contributed by the onshore regions. The average annual production of oil and gas does not meet the demands hence, dependency lies more on imports. The projected demand may increase many fold by the end of this decade. The continuous increase in demand leaves no option except to enhance R&D activities in order to explore extensively for the unconventional resources namely Coal Bed Methane, Tight reservoirs, Shale Gas, Underground Coal Gasification, Gas Hydrates etc. Except the Coal Bed Methane and the Shale Gas, the knowledge and efforts towards other alternate resources are still in preliminary stage. The present study aims to highlight the importance of Shale Gas in filling the gap between demand and supply in the Cambay basin.
Relations between youths' conceptions of spirituality and their developmental outcomes☆
Authors: James Anthony G. , Fine Mark A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis study uses a positive youth development (PYD) approach to explore whether differences in youths' conceptions of spirituality were linked to patters of difference regarding 6 domains of PYD. Using data from the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development, findings revealed a consistent trend across 6 domains of positive development. Youth who had coherent conceptions of being spiritual generally scored highest on measures of positive development, whereas youth in the ambiguous spirituality group (i.e., less coherent) scored the lowest. However, follow‐up analyses reveal that such relations did not hold over time. Implications of findings include youth development professionals aiming to nurture the spiritual growth of youth should encourage more coherent notions of spirituality among the youth they serve.
Presenting parasitological data: the good, the bad and the error bar
Authors: ZALOUMIS SOPHIE G. , FOWKES FREYA J. I. , DE LIVERA ALYSHA , SIMPSON JULIE A. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYVisual displays of data in the parasitology literature are often presented in a way which is not very informative regarding the distribution of the data. An example being simple barcharts with half an error bar on top to display the distribution of parasitaemia and biomarkers of host immunity. Such displays obfuscate the shape of the data distribution through displaying too few statistical measures to explain the spread of all the data and selecting statistical measures which are influenced by skewness and outliers. We describe more informative, yet simple, visual representations of the data distribution commonly used in statistics and provide guidance with regards to the display of estimates of population parameters (e.g. population mean) and measures of precision (e.g. 95% confidence interval) for statistical inference. In this article we focus on visual displays for numerical data and demonstrate such displays using an example dataset consisting of total IgG titres in response to threePlasmodiumblood antigens measured in pregnant women and parasitaemia measurements from the same study. This tutorial aims to highlight the importance of displaying the data distribution appropriately and the role such displays have in selecting statistics to summarize its distribution and perform statistical inference.
The interpretation of logical connectives in Turkish
Authors: GEÇKİN VASFİYE , CRAIN STEPHEN , THORNTON ROSALIND 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study investigated how Turkish-speaking children and adults interpret negative sentences with disjunction (English or) and ones with conjunction (English and). The goal was to see whether Turkish-speaking children and adults assigned the same interpretation to both kinds of sentences and, if not, to determine the source of the differences. Turkish-speaking children and adults were found to assign different interpretations to negative sentences with disjunction just in case the nouns in the disjunction phrase were marked with accusative case. For children, negation took scope over disjunction regardless of case marking, whereas, for adults, disjunction took scope over negation if the disjunctive phrases were case marked. Both groups assigned the same interpretation to negative sentences with conjunction; both case-marked and non-case-marked conjunction phrases took scope over negation. The findings are taken as evidence for a ‘subset’ principle of language learnability that dictates children's initial scope assignments.
The role of the intensive care unit in real-time surveillance of emerging pandemics: the Italian GiViTI experience
Authors: BERTOLINI G. , NATTINO G. , LANGER M. , TAVOLA M. , CRESPI D. , MONDINI M. , ROSSI C. , PREVITALI C. , MARSHALL J. , POOLE D. ,   GiViTI
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYThe prompt availability of reliable epidemiological information on emerging pandemics is crucial for public health policy-makers. Early in 2013, a possible new H1N1 epidemic notified by an intensive care unit (ICU) to GiViTI, the Italian ICU network, prompted the re-activation of the real-time monitoring system developed during the 2009–2010 pandemic. Based on data from 216 ICUs, we were able to detect and monitor an outbreak of severe H1N1 infection, and to compare the situation with previous years. The timely and correct assessment of the severity of an epidemic can be obtained by investigating ICU admissions, especially when historical comparisons can be made.
Calling all Campy – how routine investigation and molecular characterization impacts the understanding of campylobacteriosis epidemiology – Alaska, United States, 2004–2013
Authors: CASTRODALE L. J. , PROVO G. M. , XAVIER C. M. , McLAUGHLIN J. B. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYUnlike most jurisdictions in the United States, Alaska performs pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) characterization of all Campylobacter sp. isolates at the state public health laboratory – a practice that started in 2002. Moreover, in order to ensure early detection and response to campylobacteriosis outbreaks, the Alaska Section of Epidemiology has investigated all incident Campylobacter sp. case reports since 2004. This report summarizes the public health impact of routine incident case investigations and molecular characterization of all Campylobacter sp. isolates. In sum, we found that these efforts have contributed to better characterization of the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in Alaska, and facilitated more rapid outbreak detection, more public health investigations, and earlier public health interventions.
Role of binary toxin in the outcome ofClostridium difficileinfection in a non-027 ribotype setting
Authors: REIGADAS E. , ALCALÁ L. , MARÍN M. , MARTÍN A. , IGLESIAS C. , BOUZA E. 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYBinary toxin (BT) has been associated with strains causing more severeClostridium difficileinfection (CDI), such as ribotype 027. Data on the outcome of patients having BT present in ribotypes other than 027 are scarce. Our objective was to investigate the association between BT isolates and outcome of CDI in a non-027 ribotype setting. We prospectively included CDI episodes (January–June 2013 and March–June 2014) from symptomatic patients aged >2 years. Epidemiological and clinical data were recorded. BT genes were detected using multiplex PCR. During the study period, we identified 326 episodes of CDI, of which 319 were available for molecular analysis. Of these, 54 (16·9%) were caused byC. difficilestrains with BT. Most (90·7%) isolates with BT were ribotype 078/126. CDI patients with BT-positive strains did not differ from those with BT-negative strains in terms of recurrence (13·0%vs. 15·5%,P= 0·835), treatment failure (0·0%vs. 2·3%,P= 0·594), overall mortality (11·1%vs. 9·1%,P= 0·612), or CDI-related mortality (0·0%vs. 1·9%,P= 0·612). Multivariate regression revealed no association between BT and poor outcome. In conclusion, in a non-027 setting, we found that most BT isolates were 078/126 and were not associated with poor outcome.
Quantitative Evaluation for Uncertainty of Information About Patients’ Injury Severity in a Hospital Disaster: A Simulation Study Using Shannon’s Information Theory
Authors: Ajimi Yasuhiko , Sasaki Masaru , Uchida Yasuyuki , Gakumazawa Masayasu , Sasaki Katsunori , Fujita Takashi , Sakamoto Tetsuya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionReducing uncertainty about information on injury severity or number of patients is an important concern in managing equipment and rescue personnel in a disaster setting. A simplified disaster model was designed using Shannon’s Information Theory to study the uncertainty of information in a triage scenario.HypothesisA disaster triage scene with a specific number of injured patients represents a source of information regarding the extent of patients’ disability. It is possible to quantify uncertainty of information regarding patients’ incapacity as entropy if the information source and information arising from the source in Information Theory can be adapted to the disaster situation and the information on patients’ incapacity that arises.MethodsFive different scenarios of a fire disaster in a hospital were modeled. Information on patients’ extent of impairment was converted to numerical values in relation to available equipment and the number of rescue personnel. Victims were 10 hospitalized patients with conditions of unknown severity. Triage criteria were created arbitrarily and consisted of four categories from Level 1 (able to walk) to Level 4 (cardiac arrest). The five situations were as follows: (1) Case 1: no triage officer; (2) Case 2: one triage officer; (3) Case 3: one triage officer and a message that six patients could walk; (4) Case 4: one triage officer and a message that all patients could obey commands; and (5) Case 5: one triage officer and a message that all patients could walk. Entropy in all cases and the amount of information newly given in Cases 2 through 5 were calculated.ResultsEntropies in Cases 1 through 5 were 5.49, 2.00, 1.60, 1.00, and 0.00 bits/symbol, respectively. These values depict the uncertainty of probability of the triage categories arising in each situation. The amount of information for the triage was calculated as 3.49 bits (ie, 5.49 minus 2.00). In the same manner, the amount of information for the messages in Cases 3 through 5 was calculated as 0.4, 1.0, and 2.0 bits, respectively. These amounts of information indicate a reduction in uncertainty regarding the probability of the triage levels arising.ConclusionIt was possible to quantify uncertainty of information about the extent of disability in patients at a triage location and to evaluate reduction of the uncertainty by using entropy based on Shannon’s Information Theory.AjimiY, SasakiM, UchidaY, GakumazawaM, SasakiK, FujitaT, SakamotoT. Quantitative evaluation for uncertainty of information about patients’ injury severity in a hospital disaster: a simulation study using Shannon’s Information Theory. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1-4.