bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User‐Assisted Video Stabilization
Authors: Bai Jiamin , Agarwala Aseem , Agrawala Maneesh , Ramamoorthi Ravi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present a user‐assisted video stabilization algorithm that is able to stabilize challenging videos when state‐of‐the‐art automatic algorithms fail to generate a satisfactory result. Current methods do not give the user any control over the look of the final result. Users either have to accept the stabilized result as is, or discard it should the stabilization fail to generate a smooth output. Our system introduces two new modes of interaction that allow the user to improve the unsatisfactory stabilized video. First, we cluster tracks and visualize them on the warped video. The user ensures that appropriate tracks are selected by clicking on track clusters to include or exclude them. Second, the user can directly specify how regions in the output video should look by drawing quadrilaterals to select and deform parts of the frame. These user‐provided deformations reduce undesirable distortions in the video. Our algorithm then computes a stabilized video using the user‐selected tracks, while respecting the user‐modified regions. The process of interactively removing user‐identified artifacts can sometimes introduce new ones, though in most cases there is a net improvement. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system with a variety of challenging hand held videos.
Probabilistic visibility evaluation using geometry proxies
Authors: Billen Niels , Lagae Ares , Dutré Philip 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEvaluating the visibility between two points is a fundamental problem for ray‐tracing and path‐tracing algorithms. Ideally, visibility computations are organized such that a minimum number of geometric primitives need to be checked for each ray. Replacing complex geometric shapes by a simpler set of primitives is one strategy to control the amount of intersection calculations. However, approximating the original geometry introduces inaccuracies in e.g. shadow regions when shadow rays are intersected with the approximate geometry. This paper presents a theoretical framework for probabilistic visibility evaluation. When intersecting a shadow ray with the scene, we randomly select the original geometry, the approximated geometry, or one of several correction terms, to be tested. Not all shadow rays will therefore intersect the original geometry, but our method is able to produce unbiased images that converge to the correct solution. Although probabilistic visibility evaluation is an experimental idea, we show several example scenes that highlight the potential for future improvements.
Light dependency of life trails, reproduction, locomotion, and predation in the polyphagous ladybird Hippodamia variegata
Authors: Tan Xiaoling , Zhao Jing , Zhang Fan , Wang Su 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLight is regarded a key environmental cue influencing biological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics in insects. We compared the development, reproduction, locomotion, and predation ability of the predatory ladybird Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under various photoperiods, light intensities, and light wavelengths. The results indicated long daylight, high light intensity, and particular colors light (blue, green, and yellow) could benefit H. variegata especially in shortening the period of immature development, increasing mating frequency (shorter mating and pre‐oviposition periods), higher fecundity, and a higher proportion of eggs hatched. Average locomotion speed and prey consumption rate of H. variegata increased with prolonged day length and increased light intensity. However, very high intensity of light could inhibit predation rates. Furthermore, green and yellow wavelength conditions increased locomotion speed of H. variegata, and the number of prey consumed increased with increased wavelength. The present study not only revealed significant influences of light conditions on the development and fertility of H. variegata, it also provided sufficient empirical data to improve the efficiency of mass rearing and field releases of this predatory ladybird by regulation of light conditions during biological control applications.
Natal insect experience withArabidopsis thalianaplant genotypes influences plasticity in oviposition behavior
Authors: Ryan Sean F. , Bidart‐Bouzat M. Gabriela 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that insect experience with secondary chemicals present in different plant species can induce behavioral changes in female oviposition preferences. However, there is a lack of information on whether insect experience with intraspecific plant variation may influence oviposition behavior. The prediction that experience with plant genotypes would affect the oviposition behavior of two crucifer insect pests was tested using a wild ecotype ofArabidopsis thaliana(L.)Heynh. (Brassicaceae) (Col‐0) and two of its genetically modified lines (35S:ESPandtgg1 tgg2), which differ in their glucosinolate hydrolysis profiles. Choice oviposition assays were performed using both naïve and experienced females of the specialistPlutella xylostella(L.) (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae) and the generalistTrichoplusia ni(Hübner) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). In addition to oviposition preferences, the effect of plant genetic lines was assessed on insect traits related to development, growth, survival, and fecundity. Experience with different natal treatments (i.e., artificial diet and plant genotypes) led to changes in oviposition behavior of the diamondback mothP. xylostella; however, this effect was dependent on the specific genetic lines included in dual‐choice oviposition assays. In addition, for both moth species, experience led to female oviposition choices that would have maximized fitness of their offspring. In summary, this article suggests that insect experience with plant genotypes varying in their secondary metabolites can influence subsequent oviposition behavior. This outcome may have implications for plant‐insect coevolution and integrated pest management.
Zooming in on size distribution patterns underlying species coexistence in Baltic Sea phytoplankton
Authors: Downing A. S. , Hajdu S. , Hjerne O. , Otto S. A. , Blenckner T. , Larsson U. , Winder M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractScale is a key to determining which processes drive community structure. We analyse size distributions of phytoplankton to determine time scales at which we can observe either fixed environmental characteristics underlying communities structure or competition‐driven size distributions. Using multiple statistical tests, we characterise size distributions of phytoplankton from 20‐year time series in two sites of the Baltic Sea. At large temporal scales (5–20 years), size distributions are unimodal, indicating that fundamental barriers to existence are here subtler than in other systems. Frequency distributions of the average size of the species weighted by biovolume are multimodal over large time scales, although this is the product of often unimodal short‐term (<1 year) patterns. Our study represents a much‐needed structured, high‐resolution analysis of phytoplankton size distributions, revealing that short‐term analyses are necessary to determine if, and how, competition shapes them. Our results provide a stepping‐stone on which to further investigate the intricacies of competition and coexistence.
Skin disruption is associated with indomethacin‐induced small intestinal injury in mice
Authors: Yokoyama Satoshi , Hiramoto Keiichi , Koyama Mayu , Ooi Kazuya 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOne mechanism by which non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause intestinal injury is by inducing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade and remodel the extracellular matrix. In addition to the intestinal mucosa, MMPs are expressed in the skin and can be activated by mast cell‐secreted tryptase. We therefore investigated whether intestinal injury resulting from treatment with the NSAID indomethacin induced MMPs in the skin of mice and caused an associated disruption of skin function. Hairless mice and mast cell‐deficient mice were administered indomethacin, after which damage to the jejuna and skin was assessed with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The plasma concentration of inflammatory mediators was assessed to evaluate potential pathways for signalling skin disruption in response to intestinal injury. In hairless mice with intestinal injury, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was higher and skin hydration was lower than in control mice. The expression levels of mast cells, tryptase, MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 were also increased, with concurrent degradation of types I and IV collagen. In contrast, no changes in skin TEWL or skin hydration were observed in mast cell‐deficient mice with indomethacin‐induced intestinal injury. In all mice evaluated, the plasma concentrations of IgE, IgA, histamine and TNF‐α were increased in response to indomethacin treatment. Skin disruption was strongly associated with indomethacin‐induced small intestinal injury, and the activation of mast cells and induction of tryptase, MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 are critical to this association.
Organic geochemical studies of modern microbial mats from Shark Bay: Part I: Influence of depth and salinity on lipid biomarkers and their isotopic signatures
Authors: Pagès A. , Grice K. , Ertefai T. , Skrzypek G. , Jahnert R. , Greenwood P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe present study investigated the influence of abiotic conditions on microbial mat communities from Shark Bay, a World Heritage area well known for a diverse range of extant mats presenting structural similarities with ancient stromatolites. The distributions and stable carbon isotopic values of lipid biomarkers [aliphatic hydrocarbons and polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs)] and bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope values of biomass were analysed in four different types of mats along a tidal flat gradient to characterize the microbial communities and systematically investigate the relationship of the above parameters with water depth. Cyanobacteria were dominant in all mats, as demonstrated by the presence of diagnostic hydrocarbons (e.g. n‐C17 and n‐C17:1). Several subtle but important differences in lipid composition across the littoral gradient were, however, evident. For instance, the shallower mats contained a higher diatom contribution, concordant with previous mat studies from other locations (e.g. Antarctica). Conversely, the organic matter (OM) of the deeper mats showed evidence for a higher seagrass contribution [high C/N, 13C‐depleted long‐chain n‐alkanes]. The morphological structure of the mats may have influenced CO2 diffusion leading to more 13C‐enriched lipids in the shallow mats. Alternatively, changes in CO2 fixation pathways, such as increase in the acetyl COA‐pathway by sulphate‐reducing bacteria, could have also caused the observed shifts in δ13C values of the mats. In addition, three smooth mats from different Shark Bay sites were analysed to investigate potential functional relationship of the microbial communities with differing salinity levels. The C25:1 HBI was identified in the high salinity mat only and a lower abundance of PLFAs associated with diatoms was observed in the less saline mats, suggesting a higher abundance of diatoms at the most saline site. Furthermore, it appeared that the most and least saline mats were dominated by autotrophic biomass using different CO2 fixation pathways.
Effect of adding fresh and freeze‐dried buckwheat sourdough on gluten‐free bread quality
Authors: Różyło Renata , Rudy Stanisław , Krzykowski Andrzej , Dziki Dariusz , Gawlik‐Dziki Urszula , Różyło Krzysztof , Skonecki Stanisław 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThis study demonstrates new possibilities in using freeze‐dried buckwheat sourdoughs in the processing of gluten‐free bread (GFB). Fresh and freeze‐dried (at temperatures of 20, 40 and 60 °C) sourdoughs were added in the amounts of 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the total flour content. Significant and beneficial changes in the quality of bread under the influence of different quantities of fresh and freeze‐dried sourdoughs additive were observed. Freeze‐dried buckwheat sourdoughs at the level of 20 and 30% gave the best baking results for GFB. pH of bread significantly changed, which had a positive effect on increasing its suitability for the storage. Buckwheat sourdough dried at 40 °C is the most highly recommended for GFB processing. Higher temperatures (60 °C) caused the least change in bread volume; however, a bitter aftertaste from burning was slightly detectable. Freeze‐dried buckwheat sourdoughs can be used directly in processing, thus eliminating the long fermentation of sourdough.
Hyponatraemia in older medical patients: implications for falls and adverse outcomes of hospitalisation
Authors: Ahamed S. , Anpalahan M. , Savvas S. , Gibson S. , Torres J. , Janus E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests an association between hyponatraemia and falls.AimsTo determine the association of hyponatraemia with admission‐associated falls (i.e. falls as part of the presenting complaint or during admission) and predefined adverse outcomes of hospitalisation.MethodsA case–control study of patients aged ≥65 years admitted with hyponatraemia during a 6‐month period was conducted. The relevant data were collected by review of medical records and analysed in univariate and multivariate models.ResultsThe prevalence of hyponatraemia was 22% and more likely to be associated with the admission diagnoses of cardiovascular (P = 0.04) and metabolic disorders (P < 0.001), use of diuretics (P = 0.037) and a higher Charlson comorbidity score (P = 0.035). Hyponatraemia was independently associated with admission‐associated falls (odds ratio (OR) 3.12, confidence interval (CI) 1.84–4.38, P < 0.001). The increased odds of falling were similar for mild (OR 3.15, CI 1.75–5.66) vs moderate to severe hyponatraemia (OR 3.07, CI 1.57–6.03). Although hyponatraemia had a significant independent association with increased length of stay (LOS) (OR 1.48, CI 1.22–1.79, P < 0.001) and change in residential care status to a more dependent category at discharge (OR 4.28, CI 1.68–10.859, P = 0.002), it was not associated with mortality or time to first unplanned readmission. Hyponatraemia was significantly associated with the need for inpatient rehabilitation; however, this was no longer significant when adjusted for falls.ConclusionHyponatraemia is independently associated with increased risk of admission‐associated falls. The degree of falls risk is similar regardless of the severity of hyponatraemia. Hyponatraemia is also an important determinant of many adverse outcomes of hospitalisation.
Smoking rate and periodontal disease prevalence: 40‐year trends in Sweden 1970–2010
Authors: Bergstrom Jan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between smoking rate and periodontal disease prevalence in Sweden.Material and MethodsNational smoking rates were found from Swedish National Statistics on smoking habits. Based on smoking rates for the years 1970–2010, periodontal disease prevalence estimates were calculated for the age bracket 40–70 years and smoking‐associated relative risks between 2.0 and 20.0. The impact of smoking on the population was estimated according to the concept of population attributable fraction.ResultsThe age‐standardized smoking rate in Sweden declined from 44% in 1970 to 15% in 2010. In parallel with the smoking decline the calculated prevalence estimate of periodontal disease dropped from 26% to 12% assuming a 10‐fold smoking‐associated relative risk. Even at more moderate magnitudes of the relative risk, e.g. 2‐fold or 5‐fold, the prevalence decrease was quite tangible, suggesting that the current prevalence in Sweden is about 20–50% of the level 40 years ago. The population attributable fraction, estimating the portion of the disease that would have been avoided in the absence of smoking, was 80% in 1970 and 58% in 2010 at a ten‐fold relative risk.ConclusionCalculated estimates of periodontal disease prevalence are closely related to real changes in smoking rate. As smoking rate drops periodontal disease prevalence will drop.
Glioblastoma: Background, Standard Treatment Paradigms, and Supportive Care Considerations
Authors: Ellor Susan V. , Pagano-Young Teri Ann , Avgeropoulos Nicholas G. 
Published: July 2014

While primary malignant brain tumors account for only two percent of all adult cancers, these neoplasms cause a disproportionate amount of cancer-related disabilities and death. The five-year survival rates for brain tumors are the third lowest among all types of cancer. Malignant gliomas (glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma) comprise the most common types of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors and have a combined incidence of five to eight cases per 100,000 people. The median survival rate of conservatively treated patients with malignant gliomas is 14 weeks; with surgical resection alone, 20 weeks; with surgery and radiation, 36 weeks; and with the addition of newer biochemotherapies such as temozolomide and bevacizumab, upward of 14-18 months.The profound cost of caring for terminally ill patients with primary malignant brain tumors raises ethical considerations for the American public; the stewardship of health care dollars for the population at large maintains a juxtaposed tension against a dynamic, necessary balance of hope, care, rehabilitation and research efforts for affected patients and their advocates.
Extending the Minimum Necessary Standard to Uses and Disclosures for Treatment
Authors: Agris Julie L. 
Published: July 2014

Encouraged by the financial incentives in the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH Act), electronic health record (EHR) adoption is on the rise. According to a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published in 2014, 78% of office-based physicians had adopted some type of EHR system, up from 18% in 2001. Implementation of EHRs able to support the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) “meaningful use” requirements has also significantly increased since 2010. Such a growth in EHR adoption with the capacity to achieve “meaningful use” standards suggests that the goal of nationwide, interoperable health records is moving closer to a reality.While movement toward a system-wide, interoperable EHR promises benefits of such an electronic information management tool, the risks related to patients’ privacy of their health information remains a concern.
MODELLING THE TREND: THE HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF SOME MODERN METHODS AND IDEAS
Authors: Mills T. C. , Patterson K. D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe development of the methods of correlation and regression analysis at the turn of the 20th century led to their use in attempting to identify relationships between economic variables. However, caution was soon expressed that correlating series with ‘secular’ trends was likely to be misleading. After some discussion of methods, linear detrending by least‐squares estimation became the default method. By the 1920s, however, some voices of dissent expressed the view that linear detrending was likely to be inappropriate in some, even many, cases. This led to a number of innovative methodological developments, including rolling window estimation, moving integration, non‐linear trends, structural breaks, sigmoid‐type smooth adjustment functions, the beginnings of stochastic trend modelling and the construction of ‘smoothers’ and filters. Although generally failing to have an impact at the time, all substantially predate their current use in econometrics. This paper establishes precedence for these ideas and recreates some of the empirical examples and early simulations.
Acquired lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency as a major factor in lowering plasma HDL levels in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Calabresi L. , Simonelli S. , Conca P. , Busnach G. , Cabibbe M. , Gesualdo L. , Gigante M. , Penco S. , Veglia F. , Franceschini G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesIt has been suggested that a low plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) level contributes to the high cardiovascular disease risk of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those undergoing haemodialysis (HD). The present study was conducted to gain further understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for the low HDL‐C levels in patients with CKD and to separate the impact of HD from that of the underlying CKD.MethodsPlasma lipids and lipoproteins, HDL subclasses and various cholesterol esterification parameters were measured in a total of 248 patients with CKD, 198 of whom were undergoing HD treatment and 40 healthy subjects.ResultsChronic kidney disease was found to be associated with highly significant reductions in plasma HDL‐C, unesterified cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo)A‐I, apoA‐II and LpA‐I:A‐II levels in both CKD cohorts (with and without HD treatment). The cholesterol esterification process was markedly impaired, as indicated by reductions in plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) concentration and activity and cholesterol esterification rate, and by an increase in the plasma preβ‐HDL content. HD treatment was associated with a further lowering of HDL levels and impaired plasma cholesterol esterification. The plasma HDL‐C level was highly significantly correlated with LCAT concentration (R = 0.438, P < 0.001), LCAT activity (R = 0.243, P < 0.001) and cholesterol esterification rate (R = 0.149, P = 0.031). Highly significant correlations were also found between plasma LCAT concentration and levels of apoA‐I (R = 0.432, P < 0.001), apoA‐II (R = 0.275, P < 0.001), LpA‐I (R = 0.326, P < 0.001) and LpA‐I:A‐II (R = 0.346, P < 0.001).ConclusionAcquired LCAT deficiency is a major cause of low plasma HDL levels in patients with CKD, thus LCAT is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention to reverse dyslipidaemia, and possibly lower the cardiovascular disease risk in these patients.
Possible Morphological Pathomechanisms of Ischemic Stroke in the Posterior Circulation of Patients with Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia
Authors: Szárazová Andrea Skultéty , Bartels Eva , Bartels Susanne , Turčáni Peter 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe clinical significance of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) and the possible pathomechanism of ischemic stroke in patients with VAH are still not completely clear.
METHODSIn a group of 80 posterior circulation strokes (PCS) patients, we compared the location of the ischemic areas in VAH (n = 26) and non‐VAH (n = 54) group. We assessed the side of VAH (diameter equal to or less than 2.5mm) with the stroke localization.RESULTSThe possible morphological stroke pathomechanisms in the VAH group ‐ “blood flow reorganization” (n = 11) and “pathway liberation for embolization” (n = 10) ‐ were represented equally and may also act together (n = 3). In two cases, the stroke pathomechanism was unknown. The frequency of the presence of conventional risk factors ‐ hypertension (p = 1.0), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.62), hyperlipidemia (p= 1.0) and smoking (p = 1.0) ‐ and the stroke etiology ‐ cardioembolism (p = 0.80), atherosclerotic changes of large (p = 0.76) and small vessels (p = 0.79) ‐ did not differ between the two subgroups.CONCLUSIONIn patients with VAH, the combination of several pathomechanisms of ischemic stroke and the contribution of several risk factors can cause the clinical manifestation of PCS.