bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De domesticatie van democratie in Nederland. Democratie als strijdbegrip van de negentiende eeuw tot 1945
Authors: Velde Henk te 
Published: September 2015

The Domestication of Democracy in the Netherlands: The Concept of Democracy as a Political Weapon from the Nineteenth Century until 1945 Democracy as we know it is a contested combination of majority rule (as opposed to elite rule) and the rule of law (as opposed to dictatorship). This contribution charts the historical debate about the concept of democracy in the Netherlands. Until the 1880s the word democracy was scarcely used in the Dutch parliament and, if used, usually in the derogatory sense of mob rule. Parliamentarians could ignore it because no large democratic reform movement existed until the neo-Calvinist Abraham Kuyper and Socialists began to advocate democracy as the rule of the common people. They used arguments that today would count as populist. In 1917-1919 general suffrage was introduced. In the interwar period liberals and social democrats used ‘democracy’ to defend the values of parliamentary democracy against National Socialism. After the war a new consensus emerged – democracy was first and foremost the absence of dictatorship. Democracy was stripped of its populist side, it was ‘domesticated’. Today it has become clear that this domestication remains contested.
Populisme verleden tijd?
Authors: Wolffram Dirk Jan 
Published: September 2015

Is Populism a Thing of the Past?Is populism a category that contributes to our understanding of politics and its history? A large number of books are dedicated to populism and new titles are published weekly. In this article the balance is drawn up by judging books with different scientific pretentions, but with two features in common. Inspired by a number of classical studies on populism they try to interpret the state of Dutch politics, and at the same time offer a reinterpretation of aspects of the recent and less recent Dutch past. On the basis of a review of these books one has to conclude that populism, unlike the classical ‘isms’ of the history of politics, appears to be too diffuse to be a useful category for an interpretation of the political development in the last decade, or more generally as a phase in the development of democratic political systems.Reviewed books:Baalen, Carla van, e.a. (eds.), Waar visie ontbreekt, komt het volk om (Jaarboek Parlementaire Geschiedenis 2011; Amsterdam: Boom, Nijmegen: Centrum voor Parlementaire Geschiedenis, 2011, 239 p., isbn 978 94 6105 546 0). Berger, Peter L., Zijderveld, Anton C., Lof der twijfel. Hoe we overtuigingen kunnen koesteren zonder daarbij fanatiek te worden(Amsterdam: Cossee, 2010, 204 p., isbn 97890 5936 266 6). Heijne, Bas, Moeten wij van elkaar houden? Het populisme ontleed (Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2011, 143 p., isbn 978 90 234 3587 7). Pels, Dick, Het volk bestaat niet. Leiderschap en populisme in de mediademocratie (Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2011, 255 p., isbn 978 90 234 5391 8). Wielenga, Friso, Hartleb, Florian (eds.), Populismus in der modernen Demokratie. Die Niederlande und Deutschland im Vergleich(Münster [etc.]: Waxmann, 2011, 244 pp., isbn 978 3 8309 2444 9). Zijderveld, Anton C., Populisme als politiek drijfzand (Cossee essay 8; Amsterdam: Cossee, 2009, 108 p., isbn 978 90 5936 250 5).
Profit and Loss: The Current Relevance of Historical Migration Research
Authors: Winter Anne 
Published: September 2015

In recent years the debate about migration and integration has come prominently to the fore in many European countries, but has possibly created the most commotion in the Netherlands. In Winnaars en verliezers [Winners and losers], Leo and Jan Lucassen take a critical look at the thesis of ‘integration pessimism’, and set out to evaluate the ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ of migrations to the Netherlands in the last five centuries. This discussion raises some methodological and interpretation problems that are inherent in the concepts of profit and loss and examines the limits and possibilities of similar research in Belgium. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Winnaars en verliezers' (Leo Lucassen and Jan Lucassen).
Winners and Losers: A Rejoinder to Anne Winter and Matthias Kortmann
Authors: Lucassen Leo , Lucassen Jan 
Published: September 2015

The criticisms of Anne Winter and Matthias Kortmann of Winners and Losers enable Leo and Jan Lucassen to revise and explain more clearly a number of key arguments of their book. These particularly concern questions about the aim and usefulness of comparisons in time and space. Regarding the spatial comparisons (especially with Germany and Belgium), the authors have tried to show in which respects Dutch migration history is unique and where more general mechanisms were at play. Concerning the comparison of the post-war immigration dynamics with the Early Modern Period, Leo and Jan Lucassen argue that this yields much more than one would assume at first sight. It forces us to think systematically about what is similar and what is different, but it also sheds new light on apparently familiar and unproblematic cases. This response is part of the discussion forum 'Winnaars en verliezers' (Leo Lucassen and Jan Lucassen).
Strijken of niet strijken: That’s the Question
Authors: Dorsman Leen 
Published: September 2015

To Iron or not to Iron: That’s the QuestionGeschiedenis als metgezel [History as a companion] can be read in different ways. An interesting aspect to this book is that it contains a large part of the history of universities and the history of a scientific discipline. We have many official and institutional histories, but those studies reveal only a part of the real life in academia. The merit of the book by Bunna Ebels-Hoving is that it merges official history and personal history. For instance it shows that statistical emancipation of the female scientist does not mean that there is no longer any practical problem. Revealing is the part in the book in which she recounts a discussion with a colleague: should one stop ironing or not. By mixing simple (?) household questions with observations about (inter)disciplinarity this book shows what – in the words of Max Weber – Wissenschaft als Beruf really means. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Geschiedenis als metgezel' (Bunna Ebels-Hoving).
De anima historica naturaliter. Bunna Ebels-Hoving en de verlokkingen van de historische sensatie
Authors: Boone Marc 
Published: September 2015

The anima historica naturaliter: Bunna Ebels-Hoving and the Allure of Historical SensationIn her book (Geschiedenis als metgezel) Bunna Ebels-Hoving pays a great deal of attention to explaining how and why she became a historian. This is important, for it describes a process that is often done by well-established high ranking professors, while here we are allowed to hear the voice of an intellectually engaged woman who did not reach the solitary heights of academia, but nevertheless remained a keen observer of the social practices and intellectual evolution within a part of the historian’s profession that was very much determined by tradition –medieval studies. For a contemporary reader almost an anthropological perfume emanates from the way she describes how she was introduced by her masters in the profession. For another central theme, the technical and epistemologicalaspects of how one practices medieval history, it looks as if very little has changed.Especially concerning the way mediaevalists might use the so-called traditional auxiliary sciences, palaeography and diplomatics, in the first place her book readsas a down to earth but very just appraisal of the values at stake. Some of the discussions she recalls having witnessed indeed refer to both older examples and actual debates. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Geschiedenis als metgezel' (Bunna Ebels-Hoving).
From Philosophy of History to Philosophy of Historicities: Some Ideas on a Potential Future of Historical Theory
Authors: Bevernage Berber 
Published: September 2015

Berber Bevernage does not share the pessimistic view that the philosophy of history is in crisis or coming to an end: it can have a bright and fascinating future. However in order to remain relevant, he argues, philosophy of history should look beyond academic historiography and transform into a broad ‘philosophy of historicities’ that also pays attention to the wide variety of extra-academic ways of dealing with the past. In order to do this current philosophy of history has to overcome a number challenges. First, it has to recognise that academic historiography did not develop in an intellectual vacuum but is closely related to particular social, cultural and political presuppositions about time and historicity on which it is partly dependent but which it can also reinforce or contradict. Second, it should recognise that different approaches to time and historicity have different social, cultural and political functions and not restrict its focus to philosophy of science or epistemological/cognitive issues. Third, it should focus on the ethics of history. This article is part of the forum 'Theoretical History'.
Is There a Future for History?: On the Need for a Philosophy of History and Historiography
Authors: Jansen Harry 
Published: September 2015

Within the philosophy of history the main focus has been on problems regarding the ideal typical division between the sciences and the humanities. However speculation on ideal forms risks neglecting the epistemic problems regarding historical research, writing history and education. Therefore the philosophy of history needs a new dimension by supplementing it with a line of thinking Harry Jansen would like to call the philosophy of history and historiography, in short phh. Very much like the painter Velazquez, who in his Las Meninas invites people to look into the mirror and see themselves as rulers, Harry Jansen wants to invite historians to look into the mirror of historiography and see themselves as users of epistemic tools. This requires the historian to view historical interpretations from a comparative perspective. Historical texts not only inform us about the past, they can also be seen as providing insights into the intellectual operation of historical production. These insights show not only the richness of historiography but above all they provide the historian with the theoretical tools with which that richness can be acquired. This article is part of the forum 'Theoretical History'.
Geographies of Difference: Dutch Physical Anthropology in the Colonies and the Netherlands, ca. 1900-1940
Authors: Sysling Fenneke 
Published: September 2015

This article analyses how physical anthropologists created scientific circuits between the Netherlands and their colonies in the East Indies. It shows that national and imperial anthropology were not two separate spheres and that the movement of anthropologists and their objects was important both for the making of anthropology as a scientific discipline and for making anthropological ideas. Trying to define the physical features of people in Dutch fishing villages and in East Indies inland regions, anthropologists formed geographies of imaginary difference. Anthropological data from the Indies however was valued more highly than that from the Netherlands, which means that distance continued to matter. New Imperial Historians would therefore do better to sharpen their perception of these uneven geographies. This article is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.
‘A Newspaper War’?: Dutch Information Networks during the South African War (1899-1902)
Authors: Kuitenbrouwer Vincent 
Published: September 2015

The South African War (1899-1902) caused a stir in the Netherlands. The Dutch public overwhelmingly supported the Boers in their struggle against the British. To support the ‘kinsmen’ in South Africa several organisations in the Netherlands embarked on an international propaganda campaign. This article considers the involvement of Dutch journalists in the pro-Boer agitation. They were confronted with a dilemma because as a small country the Netherlands officially was neutral and did not possess strong international lines of communications, which made it difficult to distribute information in other countries. This problem raised moral and practical questions about the Dutch press and its position in the world. Using concepts from the historiography on the media of the British Empire, Kuitenbrouwer analyses the Dutch press system around 1900. This article is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.
‘Dat nooit meer’ – ‘Never Again’
Authors: Kennedy James , Romijn Peter 
Published: September 2015

In October of 2011 the Dutch historian and journalist Chris van der Heijden defended his dissertation Dat nooit meer – ‘Never Again’ which came out at the same time in a trade edition. In his 900-page magnum opus, supervised by the historians Hans Blom and Ido de Haan, Van der Heijden attempted to reconstruct ‘the aftermath of the Second World War in the Netherlands’. To do this, he offered a ‘thick description’ of incidents, affairs, public events and contemporary historiography, which together constructed the culture and politics of memory about that war. Van der Heijden’s work immediately generated controversy in the Netherlands. Various historians at the public defence of the dissertation expressed fundamental criticisms of the book, a trend also evident in the media and in several reviews. The disapproval addressed the author’s method, use of sources and interpretative framework (or lack thereof), often in strong terms. Van der Heijden started a web-based blog to answer his critics and a heated debate continued for some time. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Dat nooit meer' (Chris van der Heijden).
The War That Won’t Go Away
Authors: Moore Bob 
Published: September 2015

This review contrasts the sometimes moralising Dutch historiography on the Second World War with the more detached approaches taken by Anglophone scholars on the same subjects, and suggests that many of the charges made against Chris van der Heijden’s work (Dat nooit meer. De nasleep van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederland [Never Again: The Aftermath of the Second World War in The Netherlands]) from within the Netherlands would not have seemed so important in this wider constituency. At the same time, it takes issue with some elements of his writing style and the importance he ascribes to specific trends and features of Dutch postwar memory. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Dat nooit meer' (Chris van der Heijden).
Veins filled with the Diluted Sap of Rationality: A Critical Reply to Rens Bod
Authors: Fickers Andreas 
Published: September 2015

This article argues – in contradiction to the thesis developed by Rens Bod – that the hermeneutic tradition of humanities is not obsolete, especially when trying to understand the opportunities and challenges of using digital technologies for future research. The practice of digital history will have to be based on the critical analysis of the creation, enrichment, editing and retrieval of digital data as much as on the application of classical source criticism and historical contextualisation. If ‘content’ or rather ‘data’ is king in digital humanities, as imagined by Bod, context is its crown – at least for digital historians. This article is part of the forum 'The End of the Humanities 1.0'.
Public History in a Digital Context: Back to the Future or Back to Basics?
Authors: Danniau Fien 
Published: September 2015

This article concerns the dreams, practices and future for digital media for public history. Has the digital revolution changed the public history discipline? Thanks to characteristics such as flexibility, interactivity and capacity, digital media offer public historians new ways to present history and interact with the public. Wikipedia and the Children of the Lodz Gettho are two interesting public history cases that experiment with the potential of new media for public history. Looking at history online in general and the role public historians play there, some problems appear: a lack of historical narratives, a lack of self-criticism and digital illiteracy to name three. Based on some online field experience we distill some hands-on lessons concerning narratives, media and the public. Public historians have a lot of work ahead if they want to understand and use the Internet as a new arena for history. This article is part of the special issue 'Digital History'.
De veranderende bestuurscultuur in wetenschap en universiteit in de jaren zeventig en tachtig
Authors: Baneke David 
Published: September 2015

Astronomy after Oort: The Changes in Administrative Culture in Science and the Universities in the 1970s and 1980sIn the early 1970s Dutch universities were reformed, while scientific research was faced with new social and political demands. A decade later science and university policy changed again, with increasing roles for market pressure and competition.These developments might seem opposed, but in this paper David Baneke will argue that in fact there was great continuity, both concerning the backgrounds of the policy and the practical consequences. Their goal was to cope with the rapid increase in scale and the costs of science, to open up closed elitist networks, and to counter inefficiency and arbitrary spending. The pressure to reform came both from policy makers and from within the universities themselves. In all cases the changes resulted in professional management structures and an increase in bureaucracy.In this paper, Baneke will analyse these developments from theperspective of the internationally prominent Dutch astronomical community, which experienced a serious crisis in 1970 in which every part of the disciplinary infrastructure was reconsidered. Rond 1970 werden de Nederlandse universiteiten grondig hervormd en werden er nieuwe maatschappelijke eisen gesteld aan wetenschappelijk onderzoek. In de jaren tachtig werden die hervormingen deels teruggedraaid, terwijl marktwerking en concurrentie een grotere plaats kregen in het wetenschapsbeleid.Die ontwikkelingen lijken tegenstrijdig, maar in dit artikel betoogt David Baneke dat er een grote continuïteit bestaat, zowel in de achtergronden van het beleid als in de uitwerking in de wetenschappelijke praktijk. Het waren pogingen om schaalvergroting en kostenstijging beheersbaar te houden, gesloten regenteske netwerken open te breken en willekeur en inefficiëntie te bestrijden. De druk om te veranderen kwam zowel van de overheid als uit de universiteiten zelf. Het gevolg was in alle gevallen een sterke groei van professionele managementstructuren en bureaucratie. Baneke analyseert deze ontwikkelingen vanuit het perspectief van de internationaal prominente Nederlandse astronomische gemeenschap, die rond 1970 een ernstige crisis doormaakte waarin de hele disciplinaire structuur ter discussie stond.
Repliek van het Rijksmuseum
Authors: Gosselink Martine 
Published: September 2015

Response from the RijksmuseumIn its new format the Rijksmuseum is showing an integrated display of artistic and historical objects. As a result of its collection history, the museum focuses on Dutch art and history. Wherever possible the public is alerted to European and global contexts. Despite the first impression of the restored nineteenth century decoration schemes, the Rijksmuseum presents a twenty-first century, i.e. critical version of Dutch art and history. Limitations of the collection, which is evolving all the time thanks to new acquisitions, make it impossible to give all the topics noted by the critics their full due. Through texts and other means this shortcoming can be remedied to some extent. The Rijksmuseum is not a historical museum strictu sensu – and does not aim to be that either. Through collaborations with other historical museums, and with historians, the museum does aim to present historical knowledge to a large Dutch and international audience.Het Rijksmuseum heeft gekozen voor een geïntegreerde opstelling, waarinkunstvoorwerpen en historische objecten gezamenlijk worden getoond. Door de aard van de collectie van het Rijksmuseum vormen Nederlandse cultuur en geschiedenis de hoofdmoot. Waar mogelijk wordt de aandacht gevestigd op de Europese en mondiale context. Ondanks de eerste indruk van de gerestaureerde negentiendeeeuwse decoraties biedt het Rijksmuseum uitdrukkelijk een eenentwintigste-eeuws, dus kritisch beeld van de Nederlandse cultuur en geschiedenis. Beperkingen van de collectie, die overigens door middel van verwervingen wel steeds evolueert, maken dat niet aan alle door de recensenten gesignaleerde onderwerpen de doorhen gewenste aandacht kan worden besteed. Door middel van tekstborden en andere hulpmiddelen wordt daarin ten dele voorzien. Het Rijksmuseum kan en wil niet een louter historisch museum zijn. Door middel van samenwerking met andere historische musea, en met wetenschappers, beoogt het museum historische kennis aan een omvangrijk Nederlands en internationaal publiek te presenteren.
Introduction: Batavian Phlegm? The Dutch and their Emotions in Pre-Modern Times
Authors: Roodenburg Herman , Santing Catrien 
Published: September 2015

In the autumn of 2011 the Royal Dutch Historical Society held its annual autumn conference. The theme was Cool, Calm and Collected: The Dutch and their Emotions in Pre-Modern Times. This introduction to the subsequent special issue of the BMGN -Low Countries Historical Review gives a brief historiographical overview of the history of emotions in general and its scant practice to date in the Northern Netherlands. Seven case-studies are introduced that show that the assumed phlegmatic character of the Dutch was a relatively late construction, coming into being in the course of the eighteenth century. Earlier descriptions of local and regional characteristics vary widely. Although most of the earlier authors mention the negative influence of the damp living conditions on the Dutch, just as frequently passionate behaviour, expressing vivacity, anger and heightened sentiments, was deemed typical of the freedom-loving barbarians from the north. The current national hero Desiderius Erasmus for example was known for his jealous, rash and overly emotional temper. This introduction is part of the special issue 'Batavian Phlegm?'. Bataafs Flegma? De Nederlanders en hun emoties in de Premoderne TijdHet najaarscongres van het KNHG had in 2011 als thema Cool, Calm and Collected: The Dutch and their Emotions in Pre-Modern Times. Deze introductie op het daaruit voortvloeiende themanummer van BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review geeft zowel een kort historiografisch overzicht van de emotiegeschiedenis in het algemeen als van haar (bescheiden) beoefening tot nu toe in Nederland. Zeven casussen laten zien dat de veronderstelde flegmatische volksaard van de Nederlander een late constructie was die in loop van de achttiende eeuw tot stand kwam. Vroegere beschrijvingen van lokale of regionale kenmerken lopen nogal uiteen. Hoewel de meeste oudere auteurs de negatieve invloed van de vochtige leefomstandigheden op de Nederlanders wel onderkenden, beschouwden zij evenzeer onbesuisd gedrag dat vrolijkheid, boosheid en verhitte gevoelens uitdrukte, als typerend voor de vrijheidslievende barbaren uit het noorden. Desiderius Erasmus bijvoorbeeld, tegenwoordig onderdeel van de Canon van de Nederlandse geschiedenis, stond bekend om zijn jaloerse, onstuimige en emotionele karakter.Deze introductie maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'Batavian Phlegm?'.