bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genetic structure and colonization history of short ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius kaibarae)
Authors: Bae Han‐Gyu , Suk Ho Young 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe contemporary distribution and genetic structure of a freshwater fish provide insight into its historical geodispersal and geographical isolation following Quaternary climate changes. The short ninespine stickleback, Pungitius kaibarae, is a small gasterosteid fish occurring in freshwater systems on the Korean Peninsula and in southeast Russia. On the Korean Peninsula, P. kaibarae populations are distributed in three geographically separated regions: the NE (northeast coast), SE (southeast coast), and a limited area in the ND (Nakdong River). In this study, we used mitochondrial loci and microsatellites to investigate the evolutionary history of P. kaibarae populations by assessing their pattern of genetic structure. Our analyses revealed a marked level of divergence among three regional populations, suggesting a long history of isolation following colonization, although ND individuals showed relatively higher genetic affinity to populations from SE than those from NE. The populations from NE showed a great degree of interpopulation differentiation, whereas populations from SE exhibited only weak genetic structuring. Upon robust phylogenetic analysis, P. kaibarae formed a monophyletic group with Russian P. sinensis and P. tymensis with strong node confidence values, indicating that P. kaibarae populations on the Korean Peninsula originated from the southward migration of its ancestral lineage around the middle Pleistocene.
The Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the First Disiloxane‐1,3‐dithiol and Its Cadmium Complex
Authors: Ciborska Anna , Conterosito Eleonora , Milanesio Marco , Kazimierczuk Katarzyna , Rzymowska Katarzyna , Brzozowski Krzysztof , Dołęga Anna 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Anna Dołęga at the Gdansk University of Technology, Poland. The cover image shows the electronic structure and simplified formula of bis‐1,3‐[bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenoxy)]disiloxane‐1,3‐dithiol, a suitable ligand for the synthesis of chelating metal complexes, against a background of a more popular compound of silicon, sand.
Micronutrients in vegetable oils: The impact of crushing and refining processes on vitamins and antioxidants in sunflower, rapeseed, and soybean oils
Authors: Fine Frederic , Brochet Claire , Gaud Marie , Carre Patrick , Simon Noemie , Ramli Fatiha , Joffre Florent 
Published: July 2015

Tocopherols, phytosterols, polyphenols, and coenzymes Q are naturally present in oilseeds such as sunflower, rape, and soybean. Besides contributing to taste and color, micronutrients help protect against health disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, during the conventional oil manufacturing process, many minor components are lost. Given that diet is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, it makes sense to optimize the content of micronutrients in food, and specifically in vegetable oils. These micronutrients have antioxidant properties that inhibit the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. This review summarizes important recent research emphasizing the impact of crushing and refining processes on the micronutrient content of different vegetable oils. After the crushing step, the total sterol content was high in crude rape, sunflower, and soybean oils, at 4358–10 569, 2212–4146, and 1735–4328 mg/kg, respectively. The tocopherol content was lower, at 464–1458, 725–1892, and 1094–2484 mg/kg, respectively, and the level of phenolics was 113–629, 10–120, and 23–148 mg/kg, respectively. The refining process destroyed micronutrients: 10–36% loss of total tocopherols, 6–52% loss of total sterols, and 93–98% loss of polyphenols. Studies have focused on improving the extraction of tocopherols by alternative heating (microwave treatment, roasting, or steaming processes). These treatments improved tocopherol content, and extraction was faster and consumed less energy.Practical applications: Some researchers later tested the ability of different alternative solvents (supercritical CO2 and pressurized solvents) to raise the concentration of micronutrients. Enzymatic extraction also offered an innovative technique to conserve micronutrients in oils. Researchers and the oil extraction industry have also tested some alternative refining processes, such as alternative neutralization, based on the use of different alkaline agents, and soft refining, which offered the possibility of micronutrient preservation and recovery. Upstream, genetic factors, cultivation conditions, and seed storage strongly influence micronutrient concentration in vegetable oils. Upstream steps in the industrial oil process were important for the nutritional quality of edible oils. This review of micronutrient evolution during oil processing highlights the impact of industrial processes, and points to methods for improved extraction of oil constituents.The micronutrient content in vegetable oils is strongly influenced by crushing and refining processes. A focus on sunflower, rapeseed and soybean oils is performed in this review.
Controlling the stability of chocolates through the incorporation of soft and hard StOSt‐rich fats
Authors: Tran Phuong Diem , Van de Walle Davy , Hinneh Michael , Delbaere Claudia , De Clercq Nathalie , Tran Dung Nhan , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: July 2015

The presented study investigates the functionality of hard and soft StOSt‐rich fats in plain and hazelnut‐based filled dark chocolates. Blends of cocoa butter (CB) with different StOSt‐rich fats, namely Vietnamese mango fat (VMF), Indian mango fat (IMF), its stearin (IMFst) and olein fraction (IMFol) were selected for application in these chocolate products based on their phase and crystallisation behaviour. It was shown that a fat phase formulation with CB/VMF 70/30 and CB/IMFst 70/30 increased the heat resistance of dark chocolate and maintained similar chocolate quality attributes (colour, hardness, melting and flow properties) compared to the CB reference. Furthermore, these fat blends increased the fat bloom stability following oil migration, as shown by visual assessment by a trained panel, cryo‐SEM imaging and oil migration monitoring by HPLC‐ELSD. In addition, the fat blend CB/IMFol 90/10, suitable for chocolate applications under non‐tropical conditions, was shown to retard oil migration fat bloom as well. Distinct mechanisms for the observed phenomena were proposed. Furthermore, the different steps of fat bloom development, starting from the appearance of oil blisters to the presence of crystals (∼30 μm) on the chocolate surface were captured using cryo‐SEM.Practical applications: (i) heat resistant chocolate with increased fat bloom stability was developed; (ii) fat boom development in filled chocolates can be delayed tuning the TAG composition and (iii) a cost‐effective source of mango fat was provided with several technical applications for the tropics.By tuning the TAG composition, several compatible fat blends of cocoa butter (CB) and mango fats (MF) are obtained. In comparison to the CB reference chocolate, the fat phase formulation with hard StOSt‐rich fats (CB/VMF 70/30 and CB/IMFst 70/30) increases the heat resistance of dark chocolate likely without inducing a waxy mouthfeel. Furthermore, both hard and soft StOSt‐rich fats increase the stability towards oil migration fat bloom, as observed by cryo‐SEM imaging. Explanations are proposed based on TAG composition.
Thermal release of vegetable oils loaded in hydrophobic polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Samyn Pieter , Stanssens Dirk 
Published: July 2015

The encapsulation of vegetable oils during imidization of poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) provides stable aqueous dispersions of oil‐filled nanoparticles with 50 wt% oil. The functionality of nanoparticles with soy‐, corn‐, rapeseed‐, sunflower‐, castor‐, and hydrogenated castor‐oil, can be controlled by thermal release upon heating at 120–250°C for 2 min to 6 h. In a first part, the intrinsic thermal properties of the nanoparticles have been determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The differences in calculated imide content illustrate that the transition phenomena depend on complex interactions between the oil and imide phase. The TGA results show that bursting of the particles is not a main release mechanism while the oil is either progressively released below or above the glass transition temperature, which is best monitored by DMA. In a second part, the release profiles are determined from FTIR and Raman spectra following different trends according to the type of encapsulated oil and nanoparticle morphology, i.e., solid, nanoporous, cauliflower‐like, or true core‐shell. Also the interference with imidization during heating influences the oil release. The kinetics and mechanism of oil release can be systematically described after fitting with mathematical models.Practical applications: The nanoparticles can be incorporated as coating pigments for packaging paper or used for surface functionalization of natural fibers, where controlled release of the oil provides a required degree of hydrophobicity.Different types of vegetable oil were incorporated in imidized nanoparticles, resulting in various particle morphologies (e.g., solid, nanoporous, cauliflower‐like, or true core‐shell) with characteristic release profiles of the oil as a function of temperature and time.
Substrate specificity of Mortierella alpina Δ9‐III fatty acid desaturase and its value for the production of omega‐9 MUFA
Authors: Hao Guangfei , Chen Haiqin , Yang Bo , Du Kai , Wang Hongchao , Gu Zhennan , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Chen Yong Q. 
Published: July 2015

The fatty acid desaturase (FADS9‐III) gene from M. alpina ATCC 32222 was cloned and overexpressed in a homologous system. Lipid analysis via GC‐MS revealed that the Δ9‐III fatty acid desaturase had moderate activity with palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) as substrates. Palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) contents increased 4.0‐ and 1.94‐fold in the FADS9‐III overexpression clones compared to the wild‐type strain. Low temperature (12°C) significantly improved the conversion ratio of C16:0 to C16:1 (9.12‐fold increase). In addition, the FADS9‐III fatty acid desaturase had specific activity at the ω9 position with lignoceric acid (C24:0) as a substrate.Practical applications: Our results indicate that FADS9‐III prefers stearic acid (C18:0) and palmitic acid (C16:0) as substrates and has ω9 fatty acid desaturase activity on lignoceric acid (C24:0). The conversion ratio of C24:0 to C24:1 reached 17% by supplementation of C24:0 in the medium at low temperature. The M. alpina ω9 fatty acid desaturase (FADS9‐III) is valuable for the production of mono‐unsaturated fatty acids with a double bond at the ω9 position.The M. alpina Δ9‐III fatty acid desaturase is valuable for production of MUFA with the double bond at the ω9 position.
Drifting Away from Informed Consent in the Era of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Parens Erik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe price of sequencing all the DNA in a person's genome is falling so fast that, according to one biotech leader, soon it won't cost much more than flushing a toilet. Getting all that genomic data at an ever‐lower cost excites the imaginations not only of biotech investors and researchers but also of the President and many members of Congress. They envision the data ushering in an age of “personalized medicine,” where medical care is tailored to persons’ genomes. The new name “precision medicine” should not distract us from the fact that the genomic information it depends on is more complex, uncertain, and ambiguous than anyone had hoped, nor should it distract us from an important ethical point. Unfortunately, several developments of the last fifteen years suggest that, in our excitement about the technological capacity to gather genomic data at an ever lower cost, we are drifting away from what has long been a basic ethical commitment: to offer persons a process that enables them to provide informed consent before they or anyone else accesses their genetic information.
Bilayered construct for simultaneous regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament
Authors: Sundaram M. Nivedhitha , Sowmya S. , Deepthi S. , Bumgardener Joel D. , Jayakumar R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes destruction of tooth‐supporting tissues and if left untreated leads to tooth loss. Current treatments have shown limited potential for simultaneous regeneration of the tooth‐supporting tissues. To recreate the complex architecture of the periodontium, we developed a bilayered construct consisting of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) multiscale electrospun membrane (to mimic and regenerate periodontal ligament, PDL) and a chitosan/2wt % CaSO4 scaffold (to mimic and regenerate alveolar bone). Scanning electron microscopy results showed the porous nature of the scaffold and formation of beadless electrospun multiscale fibers. The fiber diameter of microfiber and nanofibers was in the range of 10 ± 3 µm and 377 ± 3 nm, respectively. The bilayered construct showed better protein adsorption compared to the control. Osteoblastic differentiation of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFCs) on chitosan/2wt % CaSO4 scaffold showed maximum alkaline phosphatase at seventh day followed by a decline thereafter when compared to chitosan control scaffold. Fibroblastic differentiation of hDFCs was confirmed by the expression of PLAP‐1 and COL‐1 proteins which were more prominent on PCL multiscale membrane in comparison to control membranes. Overall these results show that the developed bilayered construct might serve as a good candidate for the simultaneous regeneration of the alveolar bone and PDL. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 761–770, 2016.
Scaffolds and tissue regeneration: An overview of the functional properties of selected organic tissues
Authors: Rebelo Márcia A. , Alves Thais F. R. , de Lima Renata , Oliveira José M. , Vila Marta M. D. C. , Balcão Victor M. , Severino Patrícia , Chaud Marco V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTissue engineering plays a significant role both in the re‐establishment of functions and regeneration of organic tissues. Success in manufacturing projects for biological scaffolds, for the purpose of tissue regeneration, is conditioned by the selection of parameters such as the biomaterial, the device architecture, and the specificities of the cells making up the organic tissue to create,in vivo, a microenvironment that preserves and further enhances the proliferation of a specific cell phenotype. To support this approach, we have screened scientific publications that show biomedical applications of scaffolds, biomechanical, morphological, biochemical, and hemodynamic characteristics of the target organic tissues, and the possible interactions between different cell matrices and biological scaffolds. This review article provides an overview on the biomedical application of scaffolds and on the characteristics of the (bio)materials commonly used for manufacturing these biological devices used in tissue engineering, taking into consideration the cellular specificity of the target tissue. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1483–1494, 2016.
Cognitive Style and Concept Mapping Performance
Authors: Jablokow Kathryn W. , DeFranco Joanna F. , Richmond Sally Sue , Piovoso Michael J. , Bilén Sven G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundCognitive style has been shown to influence the number, type, and organization of an individual's ideas. Concept maps are used regularly to assess students’ organization and mastery of knowledge (their cognitive level) in engineering courses, yet very few studies have analyzed concept maps with respect to cognitive style.Purpose/HypothesisThis study sought to investigate the relationship between cognitive style and concept mapping performance. Using principles of cognitive psychology and concept mapping assessment, we hypothesized that correlations between cognitive style and the selected concept map metrics are not statistically significant.Design/MethodConcept maps from 104 engineering undergraduates in a first‐year design course were analyzed using 12 traditional scoring metrics and four holistic scoring metrics. One holistic metric was expanded to allow more detailed evaluation, bringing the number of map metrics to 20. Cognitive style was measured using the Kirton Adaption–Innovation Inventory, a psychometric instrument previously applied in engineering education contexts. Relationships between the concept map metrics and cognitive style were investigated using standard linear techniques.ResultsResults show substantial support for the null hypothesis that cognitive style and concept mapping performance are uncorrelated.ConclusionsEngineering educators can be confident that the concept map metrics used here reflect cognitive level and not cognitive style. Cognitive style inventories and concept maps are likely measuring two separate aspects of an individual's cognition and are therefore complementary rather than duplicative.
Lectins as probes for assessing the accessibility of N‐linked glycans in relation to the conformational changes of fibronectin
Authors: Agniel Rémy , Vendrely Charlotte , Poulouin Laurent , Bascetin Rümeyza , Benachour Hamanou , Gallet Olivier , Leroy‐Dudal Johanne 
Published: July 2015

Fibronectin, a ≈450‐kDa protein with 4–9% (w/w) glycosylation, is a key component of extracellular matrices and has a high conformational lability regarding its functions. However, the accessibility and the role of glycosylated moieties associated with the conformational changes of fibronectin are poorly understood. Using lectins as probes, we developed an approach comprising dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry to assess the accessibility of glycosylated moieties of fibronectin undergoing thermal‐induced conformational changes. Among a set of 14 lectins, fibronectin mainly reacted with mannose‐binding lectins, specifically concanavalin A. When temperature was raised from 25 to 50 °C, fibronectin underwent progressive unfolding, but the conformation of concanavalin A was unaffected. Dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry measurements, and isothermal titration calorimetry showed increased concanavalin A binding to fibronectin during progressive thermal‐induced unfolding of the protein core. Such data suggest that mannosylated residues are progressively exposed as fibronectin unfolds.Because oligosaccharide moieties can be differently exposed to cells, and the cell's responses could be modified physiologically or pathologically, modulation of fibronectin sugar chains could be relevant to its biological functions. Thus, lectins might be useful tools to probe the glycosylation accessibility accompanying changes in protein core folding, for which a better understanding would be of value for biological and biomedical research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of magnetic resonance elastography for the pancreas at 3T
Authors: Itoh Yohei , Takehara Yasuo , Kawase Toshihiro , Terashima Kenichi , Ohkawa Yoshihisa , Hirose Yuko , Koda Ai , Hyodo Naoko , Ushio Takasuke , Hirai Yuki , Yoshizawa Nobuko , Yamashita Shuhei , Nasu Hatsuko , Ohishi Naoki , Sakahara Harumi 
Published: July 2015

Purpose1) To assess the usefulness of an elastic belt bracing the upper abdomen for reducing the miscalculated areas of the pancreas on 3.0T magnetic resonance elastography (MRE); 2) to test whether MRE can detect difference of stiffness between normal pancreas and the focal pancreatic diseases.Materials and MethodsUsing an initial eight normal volunteers, miscalculated areas were compared between MRE with the elastic belt and without the belt on 3.0T MRI. Then, using the belt, MRE of the normal pancreas was measured using 14 volunteers and 11 patients with focal pancreatic lesions.ResultsThe median (95% confidence interval [CI]) percentages of correctly calculated areas were 57.4% (32.9–63.0) with the elastic belt and 35.3% (11.4–60.4) without the belt (P = 0.0078). The stiffness of each pancreatic segment of the normal volunteers (mean ± SE) was 2.37 ± 0.16 kPa for the head, 2.46 ± 0.17 kPa for the body, and 2.58 ± 0.26 kPa for the tail. The stiffness of seven pancreatic cancers was 6.06 ± 0.49 kPa, which was higher than the overall pancreatic stiffness of the normal volunteers (2.47 ± 0.11 kPa, P < 0.0001). Stiffness of the pancreatic lesions in the head of 6.03 ± 0.42 kPa, body of 5.57 ± 0.82 kPa, and tail of 5.9 ± 1.9 kPa were also higher than those of corresponding segments of the normal volunteers (P = 0.0011, 0.0029, and 0.029, respectively).ConclusionWith the elastic belt, miscalculation of the pancreatic stiffness was reduced. MRE showed differences of stiffness between normal pancreas and pancreatic lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:384–390.
Oral pseudoephedrine decreases the rate of transmucosal nitrous oxide exchange for the middle ear
Authors: Teixeira Miriam S. , Alper Cuneyt M. , Martin Brian S. , Doyle Brendan M. Cullen , Doyle William J. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine if oral treatment with a vasoconstrictor decreases the blood to middle ear exchange rate of the perfusion‐limited gas, nitrous oxide (N2O).Study DesignRandomized, double‐blind, crossover study.MethodsTen adult subjects with and 10 without past middle ear disease completed paired experimental sessions, identical except for oral treatment with either pseudoephedrine hydrochloride or lactose placebo. At each session, subjects were fitted with a nonrebreathing mask and breathed room air for 20 minutes (acclimation period), 50% N2O:50% O2 for 20 minutes (experimental period), and 100% O2 for 10 minutes (recovery period). Throughout, heart rate, blood pressure, and O2 saturation were monitored, and bilateral middle ear pressures were recorded by tympanometry every minute. The primary outcome was the slope of the middle ear pressure‐time function for the experimental period, which estimates the volume N2O exchange rate. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, the effects of group (disease history), treatment (active vs. placebo), and period (1 vs. 2) on the recorded vital signs, and of group, treatment, and ear (left/right) on the middle ear pressure‐time slope were evaluated for statistical significance.ResultsStatistically significant effects of period on O2 saturation (period 2 > period 1) and of treatment on heart rate (active > placebo) were documented. Only treatment was statistically significant for the middle ear pressure‐time slope, with a shallower slope characterizing the active treatment session.ConclusionsThe volume exchange rate across the middle ear mucosa of perfusion‐limited gases can be modulated pharmacologically. Theoretically, similar drugs can be used to reduce the requisite eustachian tube opening efficiency for adequate middle ear pressure regulation.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 125:2181–2186, 2015