bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of RCM and GCM projections of boreal summer precipitation over Africa
Authors: Saini Roop , Wang Guiling , Yu Miao , Kim Jeehee 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTo provide input data for the potential future climate change impact assessment at regional levels, dynamic downscaling of global climate models (GCMs) climate using regional climate models (RCMs) is frequently utilized. It is important to understand how the climate change signal is modified in the RCM driven by GCM so that the simulated results can be accurately interpreted. This study compares the performance of a RCM and four driving GCMs in simulating precipitation over Africa and investigate how dynamically downscaled present and future climate from the regional model RegCM4.1 driven with four GCMs differ from those of the GCMs. In general, RegCM4.1 has a lower summer (June–August) precipitation bias than the driving GCMs, increasing our confidence in their future projections. Despite uncertainty in future projections, RegCM4.1 shows decreased precipitation over Sahel regardless of which GCM is used to drive the RCM. RegCM4.1 shows an increased interannual variability of summer precipitation over Gulf of Guinea and Central Africa as compared to GCMs in both present‐day climate and projected future climate scenarios. The mean annual cycle of precipitation differs between RCM and the driving GCM, in particular during the West African Monsoon (WAM). The WAM onset, peak, and retreat phases are more clearly defined in the RegCM4.1 than the four driving GCMs, where the WAM rainband shifts more southward. This paper highlights the uncertainties in dynamical downscaling for climate prediction, which are due to the inconsistencies in the physical packages between RCM and GCMs.
Comparison of three dual‐source remote sensing evapotranspiration models during the MUSOEXE‐12 campaign: Revisit of model physics
Authors: Yang Yuting , Long Di , Guan Huade , Liang Wei , Simmons Craig , Batelaan Okke 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVarious remote sensing‐based terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) models have been developed during the past four decades. These models vary in conceptual and mathematical representations of the physics, consequently leading to different performances. Examination of uncertainties associated with limitations in model physics will be useful for model selection and improvement. Here, three dual‐source remote sensing ET models (i.e., the Hybrid dual‐source scheme and Trapezoid framework‐based ET Model (HTEM), the Two‐Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model, and the MOD16 ET algorithm) using ASTER images were compared during the MUSOEXE‐12 campaign in the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China, aiming to better understand the differences in model physics that potentially lead to differences in model performance. Model results were first compared against observations from a dense network of eddy covariance towers and isotope‐based evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) partitioning. Results show that HTEM outperformed the other two models in simulating ET and its partitioning, whereas MOD16 performed worst (i.e., ET root‐mean‐square errors are 42.3 W/m2 (HTEM), 49.8 W/m2 (TSEB), and 95.3 W/m2 (MOD16)). On to model limitations, HTEM tends to underestimate ET under high advection due mostly to the underestimation of temperatures for the wet edge in its trapezoidal space. For TSEB, large uncertainties occur in determining the initial Priestley‐Taylor coefficient and the iteration procedure for ET partitioning, leading to overestimation/underestimation of T/E in most cases, particularly over sparse vegetation. Primary use of meteorological data for MOD16 does not effectively capture the soil moisture restriction on ET, and therefore results in unreasonable spatial ET patterns.
Canopy influence on snow depth distribution in a pine stand determined from terrestrial laser data
Authors: Revuelto J. , López‐Moreno J. I. , Azorin‐Molina C. , Vicente‐Serrano S. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed the effects of the forest canopy and trunks of a pine stand in the central Spanish Pyrenees on the snow depth (SD) distribution. Using LiDAR technology with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), high‐resolution data on the SD distribution were acquired during the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 snow seasons, which were 2 years having very contrasting climatic and snow accumulation conditions. Average SD evolution in open and canopy areas was characterized. Principal component analysis was applied to identify days having similar spatial patterns of SD distribution. There was a clear contrast in the temporal variability of the snowpack in different areas of the forest stand, corresponding generally to beneath the canopy, and in open sites. The canopy and openings showed markedly different accumulation and melting, with higher snow accumulation found in openings. Differences ranged from 14 to 80% reduction (average 49%) in the SD beneath the canopy relative to open sites. The difference in SD between open and canopy areas increased throughout the snow season. The surveyed days were classified in terms of SD distribution, and included days associated with: high SD, low SD, intense melting conditions and periods when the SD distribution was driven by wind conditions. The SD increased with distance from the trunks to a distance of 3.5–4.5 m, coinciding with the average size of the crown of individual trees.
Causes and impacts of the 2014 warm anomaly in the NE Pacific
Authors: Bond Nicholas A. , Cronin Meghan F. , Freeland Howard , Mantua Nathan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStrongly positive temperature anomalies developed in the NE Pacific Ocean during the boreal winter of 2013–2014. Based on a mixed layer temperature budget, these anomalies were caused by lower than normal rates of the loss of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere and of relatively weak cold advection in the upper ocean. Both of these mechanisms can be attributed to an unusually strong and persistent weather pattern featuring much higher than normal sea level pressure over the waters of interest. This anomaly was the greatest observed in this region since at least the 1980s. The region of warm sea surface temperature anomalies subsequently expanded and reached coastal waters in spring and summer 2014. Impacts on fisheries and regional weather are discussed. It is found that sea surface temperature anomalies in this region affect air temperatures downwind in Washington state.
Exome sequencing identifies a homozygous C5orf42 variant in a Turkish kindred with oral‐facial‐digital syndrome type VI
Authors: Bayram Yavuz , Aydin Hatip , Gambin Tomasz , Akdemir Zeynep Coban , Atik Mehmed M. , Karaca Ender , Karaman Ali , Pehlivan Davut , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Gibbs Richard A. , Lupski James R. 
Published: April 2015

Oral‐facial‐digital syndrome type VI (OFDVI) is a rare ciliopathy in the spectrum of Joubert syndrome (JS) and distinguished from other oral‐facial‐digital syndromes by metacarpal abnormalities with central polydactyly and by a molar tooth sign on cranial MRI. Additional characteristic features include short stature, micrognathia, posteriorly rotated low‐set ears, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, broad nasal tip, tongue hamartoma, upper lip notch, intraoral frenula, cleft lip/palate, and renal anomalies. Recently, novel mutations in C5orf42 were identified in 9 out of 11 OFDVI families. In a subsequent study C5orf42 was found to be mutated in only 2 out of 17 OFDVI probands while 28 patients with a pure JS phenotype also had pathogenic mutations of C5orf42.We report on two affected cousins diagnosed with OFDVI who were born from first degree cousin marriages. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a homozygous predicted damaging missense mutation (c.4034A > G; p.Gln1345Arg) in the C5orf42 gene. Our data contribute to the evidence that C5orf42 is one of the causative genes for OFDVI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water vapor solubility of poly(lactic acid) films modified the surface by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Saiga Takuya , Sato Shuichi , Nagai Kazukiyo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSurface modification of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film is performed via 172 nm excimer lamp irradiation. Effects on water vapor solubility and physical properties via vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation are studied systematically. After VUV irradiation, water vapor solubility increases approximately 11–43% in the low‐pressure region and approximately 20–38% in the high‐pressure region as surface hydrophilicity increased. The increase is attributed to hydrogen bonding with the carboxyl groups because of VUV radiation. The modified layer is significantly swelling after water vapor sorption. The hydrophilic layer forms a thickness of 2–3 μm from the irradiated surface via VUV radiation, but no changes are observed inside the irradiated film. Therefore, PLA film solubility after irradiation is enhanced by hydrophilicity and the swelling effect of the surface. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42200.
Gastroschisis and young mothers: What makes them different from other mothers of the same age?
Authors: Rittler Monica , Campaña Hebe , Ermini Monica L. , Gili Juan A. , Poletta Fernando A. , Pawluk Mariela S. , Giménez Lucas G. , Cosentino Viviana R. , Castilla Eduardo E. , López‐Camelo Jorge S 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundAlthough young maternal age has been identified as a risk factor for gastroschisis, its role remains undisclosed. To our knowledge, the differences between young mothers of infants with gastroschisis and young mothers of infants with other pregnancy outcomes have not been established. The aim of this work was to compare characteristics of young mothers whose newborn had gastroschisis with same aged mothers of malformed and nonmalformed control infants, diagnosed within the ECLAMC maternity hospital network.MethodsData base records of live and stillborn infants of one of three groups (with isolated gastroschisis, with 1 of 5 other isolated birth defects, and nonmalformed), and whose mothers were younger than 20 years, were selected. Secular trends were obtained for all birth defects; frequencies and odds ratios (OR) of demographic and reproductive variables were compared among the 3 groups. Significantly associated variables were adjusted with a multivariate regression.ResultsThe association was higher with gastroschisis 1) than with other birth defects for African ancestry, smoking, adequate prenatal control and diagnosis 2) than with nonmalformed controls for maternal illnesses and alcohol 3) and than both for previous pregnancy loss and medication, mainly sex hormones. After adjustment, only previous pregnancy loss maintained its significance when compared with malformed (OR = 2.34; 1.37–3.97; P = 0.002), as well as with nonmalformed (OR = 3.43; 2.07–5.66; P < 0.001) controls.ConclusionA previous pregnancy loss was identified as the main risk factor for gastroschisis, while an increased use of sex hormones, perhaps related to the previous loss, could trigger a disruptive mechanism, due to their thrombophilic effect. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:536–543, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid‐Crystalline Properties of trans‐A2B2‐Porphyrins with Extended π‐Electron Systems
Authors: Salamończyk Mirosław , Pociecha Damian , Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Koszelewski Dominik , Gryko Daniel T. , Górecka Ewa 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIncorporation of four trialkoxyphenyl substituents combined with extending the π‐conjugated system has allowed porphyrins to display liquid‐crystalline columnar phases at room temperature. 2D and 3D columnar structures were observed as well as a biaxial smectic phase.
Pd/C‐Catalyzed Cyclizative Cross‐Coupling of Two ortho‐Alkynylanilines under Aerobic Conditions: Synthesis of 2,3′‐Bisindoles
Authors: Yao Bo , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cyclizative cross‐coupling of two o‐alkynylanilines to 2,3′‐bisindoles under aerobic oxidative conditions was developed. Mechanistic studies suggested that the two catalytic cycles, namely the formation of 3‐alkynylindoles 8 and their subsequent cyclization to bisindoles 5, are temporally separated. The aminopalladation of 3‐alkynylindoles 8 occurred only after all the N,N‐dialkyl‐o‐alkynylanilines were consumed. The solid support (activated charcoal) played a crucial role in the second intramolecular aminopalladation process.
NRG Oncology/RTOG 0921: A phase 2 study of postoperative intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin and bevacizumab followed by carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Viswanathan Akila N. , Moughan Jennifer , Miller Brigitte E. , Xiao Ying , Jhingran Anuja , Portelance Lorraine , Bosch Walter R. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Horowitz Neil S. , Mannel Robert S. , Souhami Luis , Erickson Beth A. , Winter Kathryn A. , Small William , Gaffney David K. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to assess acute and late adverse events (AEs), overall survival (OS), pelvic failure, regional failure, distant failure, and disease‐free survival in a prospective phase 2 clinical trial of bevacizumab and pelvic intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with chemotherapy in patients with high‐risk endometrial cancer.METHODSPatients underwent a hysterectomy and lymph node removal, and had ≥1 of the following high‐risk factors: grade 3 carcinoma with >50% myometrial invasion, grade 2 or 3 disease with any cervical stromal invasion, or known extrauterine extension confined to the pelvis. Treatment included pelvic IMRT and concurrent cisplatin on days 1 and 29 of radiation and bevacizumab (at a dose of 5 mg/kg on days 1, 15, and 29 of radiation) followed by adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel for 4 cycles. The primary endpoint was grade ≥3 AEs occurring within the first 90 days (toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]).RESULTSA total of 34 patients were accrued from November 2009 through December 2011, 30 of whom were eligible and received study treatment. Seven of 30 patients (23.3%; 1‐sided 95% confidence interval, 10.6%‐36.0%) developed grade ≥3 treatment‐related nonhematologic toxicities within 90 days; an additional 6 patients experienced grade ≥3 toxicities between 90 and 365 days after treatment. The 2‐year OS rate was 96.7% and the disease‐free survival rate was 79.1%. No patient developed a within‐field pelvic failure and no patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I to IIIA disease developed disease recurrence after a median follow‐up of 26 months.CONCLUSIONSPostoperative bevacizumab added to chemotherapy and pelvic IMRT appears to be well tolerated and results in high OS rates at 2 years for patients with high‐risk endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 2015;121:2156–2163. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Evolving characteristics and outcome of secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): A prospective analysis by the French‐Belgian‐Swiss APL group
Authors: Braun Thorsten , Cereja Sophie , Chevret Sylvie , Raffoux Emmanuel , Beaumont Marie , Detourmignies Laurence , Pigneux Arnaud , Thomas Xavier , Bordessoule Dominique , Guerci Agnès , Lamy Thierry , Recher Christian , Poiré Xavier , Tournilhac Olivier , Spertini Olivier , Chomienne Christine , Degos Laurent , Dombret Hervé , Adès Lionel , Fenaux Pierre ,   the French‐Belgian‐Swiss APL Group
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDReports of patients with secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have increased in recent years, particularly for those who received treatment with mitoxantrone, and retrospective studies have suggested that their characteristics and outcomes were similar to those of patients with de novo APL.METHODSThe authors investigated patients with de novo and secondary APL who were included in the ongoing APL‐2006 trial. Patients with secondary APL who were included in that trial also were compared with a previous retrospective cohort of patients with secondary APL.RESULTSIn the APL‐2006 trial, 42 of 280 patients (15%) had secondary APL. Compared with the retrospective cohort, patients with secondary APL in the APL‐2006 trial had a lower incidence of prior breast carcinoma (35.7% vs 57%; P = .03) and a higher incidence of prior prostate carcinoma (26.2% vs 4.7%; P < .001). Treatment of the primary tumor in the APL‐2006 trial less frequently included combined radiochemotherapy (28.6% vs 47.2%; P = .044) and no mitoxantrone (0% vs 46.7%; P = .016) but more frequently included anthracyclines (53.3% vs 38.3%; P = .015). In the APL‐2006 trial, patients who had secondary APL, compared with those who had de novo APL, were older (mean, 60.2 years vs 48.7 years, respectively; P < .0001) but had a similar complete response rate (97.6% vs 90.3%, respectively), cumulative incidence of relapse (0% vs 1.8%, respectively), and overall survival (92.3% vs 90.9%, respectively) at 18 months.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the incidence of secondary APL appears to be stable over time, evolving strategies for the treatment of primary cancers have reduced its occurrence among breast cancer patients but have increased its incidence among patients with prostate cancer. The current results confirm prospectively that patients with secondary APL have characteristics and outcomes similar to those of patients with de novo APL. Cancer 2015;121:2393–2399. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Green optical backbone networks: virtual topology adaptation using a page rank‐based rating system
Authors: Melidis Panagiotis , Nicopolitidis Petros , Papadimitriou Georgios , Varvarigos Emmanouel 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAn energy‐aware virtual topology rating system is proposed in this work, which can be utilized as a tool during the virtual topology reconfiguration procedure in an optical backbone network in order to reduce its energy consumption. It is well known that maintaining a static virtual topology in Internet Protocol (IP)‐over‐Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks is not energy‐efficient. To that end, virtual topology adaptation algorithms have been developed to adjust the virtual topology to the constantly fluctuating traffic load. While these algorithms achieve significant energy savings, further reduction on the total network energy consumption can be achieved through the proposed rating system. The proposed rating system is a modified version of the page rank algorithm, which ranks websites in the Internet based on their importance. The proposed rating system attributes ratings to lightpaths, which indicate the relative significance of a lightpath in the virtual topology in terms of energy consumption. The rating can be used during the routing procedure as an energy efficiency indicator, in order to increase the number of lightpaths that are deactivated from the reconfiguration mechanism and increase the utilization per lightpath. The proposed reconfiguration scheme (page rank‐based virtual topology reconfiguration) achieves up to 12% additional energy savings in comparison to an existing virtual topology reconfiguration algorithm at the cost of slightly increased average hop distance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodistribution of the Multidentate Hydroxypyridinonate Ligand [14C]‐3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO), a Potent Actinide Decorporation Agent
Authors: Choi Taylor A. , Endsley Aaron N. , Bunin Deborah I. , Colas Christophe , An Dahlia D. , Morales‐Rivera Joel A. , Villalobos Jonathan A. , Shinn Walter M. , Dabbs Jack E. , Chang Polly Y. , Abergel Rebecca J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the 14C‐labeled actinide decorporation agent 3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO) were investigated in young adult Swiss Webster mice and Sprague Dawley rats, after intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral dose administration. In all routes investigated, the radiolabeled compound was rapidly distributed to various tissues and organs of the body. In mice, the 24 h fecal elimination profiles suggested that the biliary route is the predominant route of elimination. In contrast, lower fecal excretion levels were observed in rats. Tissue uptake and retention of the compound did not differ significantly between sexes although some differences were observed in the excretion patterns over time. The male mice eliminated a greater percentage of 14C through the renal pathway than the female mice after receiving an intravenous or intraperitoneal dose, while the opposite trend was seen in rats that received an intravenous dose. Metabolite profiling performed on selected rat samples demonstrated that a putative major metabolite of [14C]‐3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO) is formed, accounting for approximately 10% of an administered oral dose. Finally, to improve its oral bioavailability, 3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO) was coformulated with a proprietary permeability enhancer, leading to a notable increase in oral bioavailability of the compound. Drug Dev Res 73 : 107–122, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality losses in virgin olive oil due to washing and short‐term storage before olive milling
Authors: Vichi Stefania , Boynuegri Pınar , Caixach Josep , Romero Agustí 
Published: April 2015

To identify critical points during olive mill pre‐processing operations, the effect of the closed circuit washing stage on olive microbiological contamination, and the influence of the successive short‐term storage on olives and virgin olive oil (VOO) quality were evaluated. Microbiological, physical, and chemical parameters were assessed in olives and oils at three mill pre‐processing stages: reception, washing, and short‐term storage. Olive washing in closed loop systems was shown to be a critical control point at the olive mill due to microbiological cross‐contamination and fruit physical damage. Moreover, when the olives were short‐term stored before oil extraction, positive VOO sensory attributes decreased by as much as one point of intensity, as justified by the changes observed in phenolic and lipoxygenase derived volatile compounds. These results confirm the high risk of fruit cross‐contamination due to the poor hygiene of the water used in olives mills to wash olives, and point out the effect on VOO quality of a common practice such as short term silo storage of olives.Practical applications: The identification of new critical control points within pre‐processing operations in ordinary usage, and commonly accepted as good production practices, will contribute to enhance virgin olive oil quality. Preventive actions can be undertaken on the basis of the reported results, such as the control of water hygiene and short term storage conditions.The figure shows the microbiological contamination of olives during washing with recycled water and during short‐term silo storage, and the loss of sensory quality in the correspondent virgin olive oils.
Identifying the Poorest People and Groups: Strategies Using the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index
Authors: Alkire Sabina , Roche Jose Manuel , Seth Suman , Sumner Andrew 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIf development is about poverty reduction, then where the poorest live is an important question. This paper seeks to answer this question using an internationally comparable multidimensional poverty index (MPI) to identify the poor using household surveys across more than a hundred countries. We compare three criteria to identifying the bottom billion: (i) the billion living in the poorest countries; (ii) the billion living in the poorest subnational regions and (iii) the poorest billion according to the intensity of their deprivations. Although there are commonalities across the results based on these three criteria, they produce notably different findings that are relevant to the discussions of sustainable development goals.