bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation Lowers Bone Turnover and Calcium Excretion in Older Men and Women: A Randomized Dose-Finding Trial
Authors: Dawson-Hughes Bess , Harris Susan S , Palermo Nancy J , Gilhooly Cheryl H , Shea M Kyla , Fielding Roger A , Ceglia Lisa 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

The acid load accompanying modern diets may have adverse effects on bone and muscle metabolism. Treatment with alkaline salts of potassium can neutralize the acid load, but the optimal amount of alkali is not established. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of two doses of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) compared with placebo on biochemical markers of bone turnover, and calcium and nitrogen (N) excretion. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 244 men and women age 50 years and older were randomized to placebo or 1 mmol/kg or 1.5 mmol/kg of KHCO3 daily for 3 months; 233 completed the study. The primary outcomes were changes in 24-hour urinary N-telopeptide (NTX) and N; changes in these measures were compared across the treatment groups. Exploratory outcomes included 24-hour urinary calcium excretion, serum amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), and muscle strength and function assessments. The median administered doses in the low-dose and high-dose groups were 81 mmol/day and 122 mmol/day, respectively. When compared with placebo, urinary NTX declined significantly in the low-dose group (p = 0.012, after adjustment for baseline NTX, gender, and change in urine creatinine) and serum P1NP declined significantly in the low-dose group (p = 0.004, adjusted for baseline P1NP and gender). Urinary calcium declined significantly in both KHCO3 groups versus placebo (p &lt; 0.001, adjusted for baseline urinary calcium, gender, and changes in urine creatinine and calcium intake). There was no significant effect of either dose of KHCO3 on urinary N excretion or on the physical strength and function measures. KHCO3 has favorable effects on bone turnover and calcium excretion and the lower dose appears to be the more effective dose. Long-term trials to assess the effect of alkali on bone mass and fracture risk are needed. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
PTH Promotes Bone Anabolism by Stimulating Aerobic Glycolysis via IGF Signaling
Authors: Esen Emel , Lee Seung-Yon , Wice Burton M , Long Fanxin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Teriparatide, a recombinant peptide corresponding to amino acids 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone (PTH), has been an effective bone anabolic drug for over a decade. However, the mechanism whereby PTH stimulates bone formation remains incompletely understood. Here we report that in cultures of osteoblast-lineage cells, PTH stimulates glucose consumption and lactate production in the presence of oxygen, a hallmark of aerobic glycolysis, also known as Warburg effect. Experiments with radioactively labeled glucose demonstrate that PTH suppresses glucose entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). Mechanistically, the increase in aerobic glycolysis is secondary to insulin-like growth factor (Igf) signaling induced by PTH, whereas the metabolic effect of Igf is dependent on activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Importantly, pharmacological perturbation of glycolysis suppresses the bone anabolic effect of intermittent PTH in the mouse. Thus, stimulation of aerobic glycolysis via Igf signaling contributes to bone anabolism in response to PTH. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Molecular Orbital Analysis on Helium Dimer and Helium‐Containing Materials
Authors: Onishi Taku 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHeliumCovalencyChemical bonding ruleDimerCubic structureIn order to investigate the helium covalency, molecular orbital calculations were performed for helium dimer and helium‐containing La2/3‐xLi3xTiO3 perovskite and HeC8 cube. There were orbital overlap between helium 1s orbitals in helium dimer. In HeTi8O12 and HeC8 models, helium had orbital overlap with oxygen and carbon, respectively. From chemical bonding rule, it was concluded that helium can form covalent bonding with oxygen and carbon.
CO2 laser emission modes to control enamel erosion
Authors: Siqueira Scatolin Renata , Luiz Alonso‐Filho Fernando , Galo Rodrigo , Rios Daniela , Cristina Borsatto Maria , Aparecida Milori Corona Silmara 
Published: May 2015

AbstractConsidering the importance and prevalence of dental erosion, the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different modes of pulse emission of CO2 laser associated or not to acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) 1.23% gel, in controlling enamel erosion by profilometry. Ninety‐six fragments of bovine enamel were flattened and polished, and the specimens were subjected to initial erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid (pH = 2). Specimens were randomly assigned according to surface treatment: APF 1.23% gel and gel without fluoride (control), and subdivided according to the modes of pulse CO2 laser irradiation: no irradiation (control), continuous, ultrapulse, and repeated pulse (n = 12). After surface treatment, further erosive challenges were performed for 5 days, 4 × 2 min/day. Enamel structure loss was quantitatively determined by a profilometer, after surface treatment and after 5 days of erosive challenges. Two‐away ANOVA revealed a significant difference between the pulse emission mode of the CO2 laser and the presence of fluoride (P ≤ 0.05). The Duncan's test showed that CO2 laser irradiation in continuous mode and the specimens only received fluoride, promoted lower enamel loss than that other treatments. A lower dissolution of the enamel prisms was observed when it was irradiated with CO2 laser in continuous mode compared other groups. It can be concluded that CO2 laser irradiation in continuous mode was the most effective to control the enamel structure loss submitted to erosive challenges with hydrochloric acid. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:654–659, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced tonicity stimulates an inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus tissue that can be limited by a COX‐2‐specific inhibitor
Authors: van Dijk Bart , Potier Esther , van DIjk Maarten , Langelaan Marloes , Papen‐Botterhuis Nicole , Ito Keita 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn intervertebral disc herniation with nucleus pulposus (NP) extrusion, the elicited inflammatory response is considered a key pain mechanism. However, inflammatory cytokines are reported in extruded herniated tissue, even before monocyte infiltration, suggesting that the tissue itself initiates the inflammation. Since herniated tissue swells, we investigated whether this simple mechanobiological stimulus alone could provoke an inflammatory response that could cause pain. Furthermore, we investigated whether sustained‐release cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) inhibitor would be beneficial in such conditions. Healthy bovine NP explants were allowed to swell freely or confined. The swelling explants were treated with Celecoxib, applied either as a bolus or in sustained‐release. Swelling explants produced elevated levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for 28 days, while confined explants did not. Both a high concentration bolus and 10 times lower concentration in sustained release completely inhibited PGE2 production, but did not affect IL‐6 production. Swelling of NP tissue, without the inflammatory system response, can trigger cytokine production and Celecoxib, even in bolus form, may be useful for pain control in extruded disc herniation. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1724–1731, 2015.
The effect of different types of insoles or shoe modifications on medial loading of the knee in persons with medial knee osteoarthritis: a randomised trial
Authors: Jones Richard K. , Chapman Graham J. , Parkes Matthew J. , Forsythe Laura. , Felson David T. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMany conservative treatments exist for medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) which aims to reduce the external knee adduction moment (EKAM). The objective of this study was to determine the difference between different shoes and lateral wedge insoles on EKAM, knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), external knee flexion moment, pain, and comfort when walking in individuals with medial knee OA. Seventy individuals with medial knee OA underwent three‐dimensional walking gait analysis in five conditions (barefoot, control shoe, typical wedge, supported wedge, and mobility shoe) with pain and comfort recorded concurrently. The change in EKAM, KAAI, external knee flexion moment, pain, and comfort were assessed using multiple linear regressions and pairwise comparisons. Compared with the control shoe, lateral wedge insoles and barefoot walking significantly reduced early stance EKAM and KAAI. The mobility shoe showed no effect. A significant reduction in latter stance EKAM was seen in the lateral wedge insoles compared to the other conditions, with only the barefoot condition reducing the external knee flexion moment. However, the mobility shoe showed significant immediate knee pain reduction and improved comfort scores. Different lateral wedge insoles show comparable reductions in medial knee loading and in our study, the mobility shoe did not affect medial loading. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1646–1654, 2015.
Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by antimicrobial photodynamic technology using methylene blue
Authors: Deng Xi , Tang Shuze , Wu Qian , Tian Juan , Riley William W , Chen Zhenqiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDVibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading causative pathogen of gastroenteritis often related to contaminated seafood. Photodynamic inactivation has been recently proposed as a strategy for killing cells and viruses. The objective of this study was to verify the bactericidal effects caused by photodynamic inactivation using methylene blue (MB) over V. parahaemolyticus via flow cytometry, agarose gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts were determined using the most probable number method. A scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope were employed to intuitively analyze internal and external cell structure.RESULTSCombination of MB and laser treatment significantly inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. The inactivation rate of V. parahaemolyticus was >99.99% and its counts were reduced by 5 log10 in the presence of 0.05 mg mL−1 MB when illuminated with visible light (power density 200 mW cm−2) for 25 min. All inactivated cells showed morphological changes, leakage of cytoplasm and degradation of protein and DNA.CONCLUSIONResults from this study indicated that photodynamic technology using MB produced significant inactivation of V. parahaemolyticus mainly brought about by the degradation of protein and DNA. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Flavor compounds and sensory profiles of a novel Chinese marinated chicken
Authors: Li Hai , Li Xia , Zhang Chun‐hui , Wang Jin‐zhi , Tang Chun‐hong , Chen Lin‐li 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMarinating is a Chinese traditional meat‐processing method using aged brine that brings popular flavor together with food safety issues. In this study a novel method named quantitative marinating (QM) was developed to improve Chinese traditional marinating (TM). Flavor compounds and sensory profiles of two marinated products were determined to verify if the improved marinating method could maintain the characteristic flavors of TM.RESULTSFifty‐four, 60, 60, 60 and 44 volatile flavor compounds were identified from four processing stages of QM and TM respectively. Contents of taste compounds first increased and then decreased in the processing stages of QM. The total free amino acid contents of QM and TM products were 789 and 536 mg per 100 g respectively. The total nucleotide content of QM product (22.21 mg per 100 g) was higher than that of TM (20.75 mg per 100 g), while the fatty acid content of QM product (26.66 mg g−1) was lower than that of TM (44.43 mg g−1). Finally, QM received higher sensory scores than TM.CONCLUSIONVolatile flavor compounds, taste compounds and sensory properties of QM were richer than those of TM, indicating that QM can not only maintain the original aroma of TM but also have advantages in taste compounds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment as a Traumatic Stressor in DSM‐IV and DSM‐5: Prevalence and Relationship to Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Andrykowski Michael A. , Steffens Rachel F. , Bush Heather M. , Tucker Thomas C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLittle research has examined how lung cancer survivors whose cancer experience met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) traumatic stressor criterion differ with regard to posttreatment mental health status from survivors whose cancer experience did not. No research of which we are aware has examined the impact of the revised DSM‐5 traumatic stressor criterion on this question. Non‐small‐cell (NSC) lung cancer survivors (N = 189) completed a telephone interview and questionnaire assessing distress and growth/benefit‐finding. Survivors were categorized into Trauma and No Trauma groups using both the DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 stressor criterion. Using the DSM‐IV criterion, the Trauma group (n = 70) reported poorer status than the No Trauma group (n = 119) on 10 of 10 distress indices (mean ES = 0.57 SD) and better status on all 7 growth/benefit‐finding indices (mean ES = 0.30 SD). Using the DSM‐5 stressor criterion, differences between the Trauma (n = 108) and No Trauma (n = 81) groups for indices of distress (mean ES = 0.26 SD) and growth/benefit‐finding (mean ES = 0.17 SD) were less pronounced. Those who experience cancer as a traumatic stressor show greater distress and growth/benefit‐finding, particularly when the more restrictive DSM‐IV stressor criterion defines trauma exposure.
The Economic Burden of PTSD in Northern Ireland
Authors: Ferry Finola R. , Brady Sharon E. , Bunting Brendan P. , Murphy Samuel D. , Bolton David , O'Neill Siobhan M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the economic costs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the Northern Ireland (NI) adult population. The authors present a prevalence‐based, bottom‐up study based primarily on data from 1,986 participants in the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress (NISHS). Both direct costs of treatment and indirect costs of productivity losses were included. Units of service and medication resource use were obtained from the NISHS and combined with their relevant unit costs from the Personal Social Services Research Unit and Prescription Costs Analysis data for NI. Indirect costs included the costs of incapacity days due to PTSD and presenteeism costs, with gender‐specific wage rates used as the relevant unit costs. The total direct and indirect cost of PTSD in NI (2008) was £172,756,062. This figure is likely to be conservative due to the exclusion of a number of cost categories. Nevertheless, comparison of estimates of the burden of PTSD with the estimated cost of treating all adults with PTSD with the recommended treatments shows the potential for substantial economic gains to be made through extension and investment in effective evidence‐based treatments.
Types and Number of Traumas Associated With Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in PTSD: Findings From a U.S. Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: LeBouthillier Daniel M. , McMillan Katherine A. , Thibodeau Michel A. , Asmundson Gordon J. G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt; however, research has largely focused on specific samples and a limited range of traumas. We examined suicidal ideation and suicide attempt relating to 27 traumas within a nationally representative U.S. sample of individuals with PTSD. Data were from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 34,653). Participants were assessed for lifetime PTSD and trauma history, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. We calculated the proportion of individuals reporting suicidal ideation or suicide attempt for each trauma and for the number of unique traumas experienced. Most traumas were associated with greater suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in individuals with PTSD compared to individuals with no lifetime trauma or with lifetime trauma but no PTSD. Childhood maltreatment, assaultive violence, and peacekeeping traumas had the highest rates of suicidal ideation (49.1% to 51.9%) and suicide attempt (22.8% to 36.9%). There was substantial variation in rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt for war and terrorism‐related traumas. Multiple traumas increased suicidality, such that each additional trauma was associated with an increase of 20.1% in rate of suicidal ideation and 38.9% in rate of suicide attempts. Rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts varied markedly by trauma type and number of traumas, and these factors may be important in assessing and managing suicidality in individuals with PTSD.
Trajectories of Scores on a Screening Instrument for PTSD Among World Trade Center Rescue, Recovery, and Clean‐Up Workers
Authors: Maslow Carey B. , Caramanica Kimberly , Welch Alice E. , Stellman Steven D. , Brackbill Robert M. , Farfel Mark R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) over 8–9 years was examined among 16,488 rescue and recovery workers who responded to the events of September 11, 2001 (9/11) at the World Trade Center (WTC; New York, NY), and were enrolled in the World Trade Center Health Registry. Latent class growth analysis identified 5 groups of rescue and recovery workers with similar score trajectories at 3 administrations of the PTSD Checklist (PCL): low‐stable (53.3%), moderate‐ stable (28.7%), moderate‐increasing (6.4%), high‐decreasing (7.7%), and high‐stable (4.0%). Relative to the low‐stable group, membership in higher risk groups was associated with 9/11‐related exposures including duration of WTC work, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.3 to 2.0, witnessing of horrific events (range = 1.3 to 2.1), being injured (range = 1.4 to 2.3), perceiving threat to life or safety (range = 2.2 to 5.2), bereavement (range = 1.6 to 4.8), and job loss due to 9/11 (range = 2.4 to 15.8). Within groups, higher PCL scores were associated with adverse social circumstances including lower social support, with B coefficients ranging from 0.2 to 0.6, divorce, separation, or widowhood (range = 0.4–0.7), and unemployment (range = 0.4–0.5). Given baseline, exposure‐related, and contextual influences that affect divergent PTSD trajectories, screening for both PTSD and adverse circumstances should occur immediately, and at regular intervals postdisaster.
Organocatalytic Polymerization of Furfuryl Methacrylate and Post‐Diels–Alder Click Reaction to Cross‐Linked Materials
Authors: Feng Shuo (Kelvin) , Schmitt Meghan , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. 
Published: May 2015

Biomass‐derived furfuryl methacrylate (FMA) has been effectively polymerized at ambient temperature by the P4‐phosphazene superbase, tBu‐P4, with or without iPrOH as the coinitiator, producing syndio‐rich atactic poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (PFMA). The polymerization exhibits high initiation efficiencies up to 370% and is, therefore, a catalytic polymerization system. In the polymerization by tBu‐P4 or tBu‐P4 +iPrOH, the true initiator is shown to be 2‐furfurylmethoxide, [(C4H3O)CH2O]−, generated from the reaction between FMA and tBu‐P4 or [tBu‐P4H]+[iPrO]− during the induction period. The Diels–Alder (DA) “click” reaction has been utilized to produce two types of cross‐linked PFMA materials. The first is PFMA–C60, prepared from the DA reaction between the furfuryl group of PFMA and polydienophile C60, and the second employs a bifunctional bismaleimide (BM) to construct the cross‐linked network polymer PFMA–BM. When compared to the pristine PFMA, the cross‐linked network polymers PFMA–C60 and PFMA–BM, especially the PFMA–BM materials with a high crosslinking density, exhibit significantly enhanced thermal stability at temperatures above 600 °C and a much higher glass‐transition temperature, as shown by the thermal and thermomechanical analyses.
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The Cardinal Anomalies that Led to Behavioral Economics: Cognitive or Motivational?
Authors: Ainslie G. 
Published: May 2015

The field of behavioral economics (BE) has been defined by the study of anomalies in choice, that is, choices that do not obey what is called rational choice theory or expected utility theory. Expected utility theory holds that an intelligent and well‐informed agent (‘economic man’) will make choices that maximize his expected utility, which by implication means avoiding choice patterns that would make him (her hereafter) vulnerable in competitive markets—for instance, to be money pumped, or make intransitive choices or choices that could be reversed by reframing. Research in two disparate schools has found that people commit a number of apparent violations of the maximizing principle. These traditions have formed the two legs on which BE stands: behavioral and cognitive.During the 1970s and 1980s, both schools found anomalies in expected utility theory that called for new approaches. The behavioral school revealed anomalies in choice as a function of intertemporal differences in motivation, thus creating the topics of dynamic inconsistency and hyperbolic and quasihyperbolic delay discounting. The cognitive school revealed anomalies in choice as a function of cognitive framing, which are summarized in prospect theory. These anomalies have remained the cardinal phenomena of BE. Critics have called the resulting literature ‘a ragbag’, but I argue that the 12 best‐known framing effects have coherent motivational roots. Most anomalies that persist after reflection can be understood as strategies in intertemporal bargaining, for maximizing hyperbolically discounted utility (or reward). Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Three‐dimensional dictionary‐learning reconstruction of 23Na MRI data
Authors: Behl Nicolas G.R. , Gnahm Christine , Bachert Peter , Ladd Mark E. , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo reduce noise and artifacts in 23Na MRI with a Compressed Sensing reconstruction and a learned dictionary as sparsifying transform.MethodsA three‐dimensional dictionary‐learning compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm (3D‐DLCS) for the reconstruction of undersampled 3D radial 23Na data is presented. The dictionary used as the sparsifying transform is learned with a K‐singular‐value‐decomposition (K‐SVD) algorithm. The reconstruction parameters are optimized on simulated data, and the quality of the reconstructions is assessed with peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in phantom and in vivo 23Na MRI data of seven volunteers and compared with nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) and other Compressed Sensing reconstructions.ResultsThe reconstructions of simulated data have maximal PSNR and SSIM for an undersampling factor (USF) of 10 with numbers of averages equal to the USF. For 10‐fold undersampling, the PSNR is increased by 5.1 dB compared with the NUFFT reconstruction, and the SSIM by 24%. These results are confirmed by phantom and in vivo 23Na measurements in the volunteers that show markedly reduced noise and undersampling artifacts in the case of 3D‐DLCS reconstructions.ConclusionThe 3D‐DLCS algorithm enables precise reconstruction of undersampled 23Na MRI data with markedly reduced noise and artifact levels compared with NUFFT reconstruction. Small structures are well preserved. Magn Reson Med 75:1605–1616, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.