bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological determinants of positron emission tomography computed tomography fluorodeoxyglucose standardised uptake value in head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Ozer E , Naiboglu B , Karapinar U , Agrawal A , Ozer H G , Schuller D E 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground:Although positron emission tomography computed tomography has proven diagnostic and staging value in head and neck carcinoma, it does not have optimal sensitivity or specificity. The positron emission tomography computed tomography fluorodeoxyglucose standardised uptake value has been shown to be associated with carcinoma stage. This study evaluated the impact of major clinicopathological factors on the standardised uptake value at the primary site and at neck lymph node metastases.Subjects and methods:Two hundred and forty-three oral cavity and laryngopharyngeal carcinoma patients who underwent positron emission tomography computed tomography were included. Correlation between the positron emission tomography computed tomography standardised uptake value and various clinicopathological factors was analysed.Results:A positive correlation was found between the standardised uptake value and the size and depth of tumour infiltration, and lymph node positivity. Higher standardised uptake values were seen for more advanced tumour stages. The presence of perineural invasion, lymphatic invasion and extracapsular spread were all associated with increased standardised uptake values.Conclusion:Most of the clinicopathological features of head and neck carcinoma which are well known to be poor prognostic factors have a significant impact on positron emission tomography computed tomography fluorodeoxyglucose standardised uptake value.
Temporal and spatial variation in prevalence of the parasiteSyngamus tracheain a metapopulation of house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
Authors: HOLAND HÅKON , JENSEN HENRIK , TUFTO JARLE , SÆTHER BERNT-ERIK , RINGSBY THOR HARALD 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYWhen investigating parasite–host dynamics in wild populations, a fundamental parameter to investigate is prevalence. This quantifies the percentage of individuals infected in the population. Investigating how prevalence changes over time and space can reveal interesting aspects in the parasite–host relationship in natural populations. We investigated the dynamic between a common avian parasite (Syngamus trachea) in a host metapopulation of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) on the coast of Helgeland in northern Norway. We found that parasite prevalence varied in both time and space. In addition, the parasite prevalence was found to be different between demographic groups in the local populations. Our results reveal just how complex the dynamic between a host and its parasite may become in a fragmented landscape. Although temperature may be an important factor, the specific mechanisms causing this complexity are not fully understood, but need to be further examined to understand how parasite–host interactions may affect the ecological and evolutionary dynamics and viability of host populations.
Animal models of efficacy to accelerate drug discovery in malaria
Authors: JIMÉNEZ-DÍAZ MARÍA BELÉN , VIERA SARA , FERNÁNDEZ-ALVARO ELENA , ANGULO-BARTUREN IÑIGO 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe emergence of resistance to artemisinins and the renewed efforts to eradicate malaria demand the urgent development of new drugs. In this endeavour, the evaluation of efficacy in animal models is often a go/no go decision assay in drug discovery. This important role relies on the capability of animal models to assess the disposition, toxicology and efficacy of drugs in a single test. Although the relative merits of each efficacy model of malaria as human surrogate have been extensively discussed, there are no critical analyses on the use of such models in current drug discovery. In this article, we intend to analyse how efficacy models are used to discover new antimalarial drugs. Our analysis indicates that testing drug efficacy is often the last assay in each discovery stage and the experimental designs utilized are not optimized to expedite decision-making and inform clinical development. In light of this analysis, we propose new ways to accelerate drug discovery using efficacy models.
AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF CERRO PORTEZUELO BIOARCHAEOLOGY: BURIAL ANALYSIS AND THE (RE)EXCAVATION OF CONTEXTS FROM A 1950s PROJECT
Authors: Spence Michael W. , White Christine D. , Longstaffe Fred J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOnly about 19 of the 70 or so skeletons excavated at Cerro Portezuelo were brought back to UCLA, and adequate information is lacking for most of these. A detailed analysis of the excavation and curation records, as well as of the skeletons, was conducted in an attempt to identify their contexts and to evaluate their potential for contribution to our knowledge of the Cerro Portezuelo community. Although subadult dental health was good, adult levels of caries and antemortem loss were comparable to those of other Mesoamerican populations. Oxygen-isotope data suggest only limited long-distance immigration into the area. Further interpretation, however, is hampered by poor contextual data and the inability to assign most individuals to a specific period.
Elbridge Gerry's Suspicions and the Presidential Election of 2012
Authors: Rosin Michael L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDefenders of the Electoral College frequently assert that victory in the Electoral College requires a winning candidate to “produce a coalition of states with wide and diverse interests” thereby producing “a broadly based electoral victory.” These defenders never stop to consider the fact that in a close election the difference between the winning and losing coalition of states may depend on highly contingent factors. In a 2003 article in this journal Neubauer and Zeitlin demonstrated that George W. Bush's Electoral College victory in 2000 depended on the size of the House of Representatives. In this article I demonstrate that the outcome of the 2012 election could have depended on the 2012 Electoral College being based on the newly apportioned incoming House rather than the previously apportioned outgoing House. This is a statutory specification rather than a constitutional requirement. It could be changed by simple legislation. We have Elbridge Gerry's suspicions to thank for this statutory contingency!
Mobilization and Voter Turnout: Should Canvassers Worry about the Weather?
Authors: Lamare J. Ryan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article melds a well-studied area of research (political mobilization effects on voter turnout) with a subject rarely discussed in political science (the effects of meteorological variability on mood, productivity, and fatigue) to argue that weather at the time of mobilization influences individual voters' turnout odds relative to other contacted voters. Using panel data totaling 39,769 registered voters contacted by unions across 14 months and five elections, quantitative analysis is used to measure the effects of temperature, seasonableness, and precipitation during contact on vote likelihood, controlling for known turnout influences. Results indicate that variations in all three weather conditions during contact affect vote odds. Mobilization effects are weaker as temperatures rise and weather becomes unseasonably hot; mobilization is also less successful as precipitation increases. Outcomes vary by contact type; door-to-door visits are more negatively influenced by hotter and less seasonable temperatures, whereas phone calls are more negatively affected by higher precipitation.
What Is “Vintage” in IR? A Writer's Note
Authors: Pieczara Kamila , Eun Yong-Soo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe style of writing in international relations (IR) has evolved in recent decades. The lessons of “vintage” IR, to which we return in this article, have been largely forgotten by those writing in the discipline today. A merit will be substantial, we argue, in drawing more heavily from works by previous masters. Several lessons in style follow.
Problem-Based Learning and Civic Engagement—Shifting the Focus of Learning in Public Policy Education
Authors: McInerney Chris , Adshead Maura 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article describes the development of an innovative teaching method to help political science students deepen their comprehension of public policy through engaging with real world scenarios. It describes the development of a constructivist learning environment (CLE) (Jonassen, 1999) for students in a postgraduate public policy module, fashioned by integrating a problem-based learning (PBL) approach with civic engagement processes. The article concludes by examining the potential of this approach as a teaching method and reflecting on student and staff feedback as well as on benefits described by partner organizations and the broader public.
Crossing Kings and Monks: The Internal Consistency of the Dīpavaṃsa Reconsidered
Authors: PINTE GUDRUN 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAs is well known, the oldest extant chronicle of Sri Lanka, theDīpavaṃsa,1has preserved a succession line of the foremost teachers who transmitted and taught thevinayain India: Upāli, Dāsaka, Soṇaka, Siggava and Moggaliputta Tissa; the length of time they have been regarded asvinayapāmokkha; the dates when they ordained the next in line and when they enteredparinirvāṇa. An intriguing range of dates has been inferred from an interpretation of these figures, especially for dating the death of the historical Buddha. I do not intend to rehearse the whole discussion here but cordially refer to the proceedings of the grand symposium organised by H. Bechert in 1988 at the University of Göttingen.2
Tibetan, Burmese and Chinese Inscriptions from Bodhgayā in the British Museum
Authors: GONGKATSANG TSERING , WILLIS MICHAEL 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article is concerned with four inscriptions found at Bodhgayā in the nineteenth century that are documented by records kept in the Department of Asia at the British Museum. Two Tibetan inscriptions, probably dating between the ninth and fourteenth centuries, are of special note because they provide the first archaeological evidence for Tibetans at the site. Chinese and Burmese records of the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth century are also noted, that of the Song emperor Renzong (1022–63) being illustrated for the first time.
Collaborative research: a case example of dissemination of CBT in primary care
Authors: Mathieson Fiona , Collings Sunny , Dowell Anthony , Goodyear-Smith Felicity , Stanley James , Hatcher Simon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhile we now have a strong evidence base for cognitive behaviour therapy in managing mental health problems, the challenge is to disseminate it into real-world settings. Two dissemination approaches exist: the dominant ‘research to practice’ model, a linear sequence, taking interventions from the research laboratory and overcoming barriers so as to apply them in the real world and a more collaborative approach, in which researchers work together with clinicians and patients to adapt existing treatments for real-world settings. This article provides a detailed example of a collaborative approach to adapting cognitive behaviour therapy, by developing a very brief mental health intervention for patients in a primary-care (family doctor) setting.
Modulation of reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus 1 in ganglionic organ cultures by p300/CBP and STAT3
Authors: Du Te , Zhou Guoying , Roizman Bernard 
Published: June 2013

Significance
HSVs initiate human infections with the aid of viral tegument proteins brought along with viral DNA into cells. These viruses then enter and establish latent, silent infection in sensory ganglia. Periodically, HSV reactivates from a latent state. A key unresolved question is the mechanism by which the virus reactivates in the absence of the tegument proteins. Studies of murine trigeminal ganglia harboring latent virus and maintained in organ cultures suggest that viral DNA is maintained in a dynamic equilibrium favoring gene repression. The equilibrium shifts toward gene expression on inactivation of histone deacetylases, inhibition of STAT3, or activation of p300/CBP.
Use of Ultrasonic Telemetry to Estimate Natural and Fishing Mortality of Red Snapper
Authors: Topping Darin T. , Szedlmayer Stephen T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn accurate estimate of natural mortality is critical for the management of any fishery but is typically difficult to directly measure. Mortality rates for Red SnapperLutjanus campechanus(n= 87) were estimated by telemetry from December 2005 to June 2009 in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. At five separate sites an array of five receivers was deployed with one receiver at the center (reef) and four receivers placed 1,100 m (or 420 m) north, south, east, and west of center. These arrays enabled the direct estimation of fishing mortality, natural mortality, and emigration of acoustically tagged Red Snapper. Out of the 70 fish that remained after the 6‐d recovery period, 19 were caught, 10 died naturally, and 27 emigrated from the 2‐km‐radius study sites. The Kaplan–Meier staggered‐entry method was used to estimate survival from different mortality events, and survival was converted to instantaneous mortality rates. For all years combined, total mortality (95% confidence interval) was 0.39 (0.19–0.64), fishing mortality (F) was 0.27 (0.11–0.54), and natural mortality (M) was 0.11 (0.06–0.20). Each year estimated annualMincreased,M= 0 in 2006,M= 0.19 (0.07–0.48) in 2007, andM= 0.21 (0.09–0.44) in 2008, while annualFrates decreased,F= 0.61 (0.16–1.67) in 2006,F= 0.22 (0.09–0.51) in 2007, andF= 0.14 (0.05–0.35) in 2008. Thus, in more recent years (2007–2008)Mestimates were higher, whileFestimates were lower than past estimates used in stock assessments(M= 0.1;F= 0.35). These decreasing rates ofFover 2006–2008 suggests that in recent years restrictive management efforts have succeeded in reducing fishing mortality, and althoughMhas increased it may have leveled off nearM= 0.2 such that populations will continue to increase.
Site Fidelity and Movement of Etheostoma fonticola with Implications to Endangered Species Management
Authors: Dammeyer Nathan T. , Phillips Catherine T. , Bonner Timothy H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe quantified site fidelity, directionality and magnitude of movement, and factors associated with movement of the endangered Fountain Darter Etheostoma fonticola, a narrowly distributed (<11 km of stream habitat) and small etheostomid, within a 200‐m section of a spring‐fed river on the Edwards Plateau of south‐central Texas. Etheostoma fonticola exhibited high site fidelity, moving on average (±1 SD) 10 ± 17 m during a 1‐year period. Site fidelity was most notable in areas with low‐growing aquatic vegetation (i.e., algae or Ricca fluitans). Movement was most often towards areas with low‐growing aquatic vegetation (69%), more frequently in an upstream direction (81%), in winter and spring–summer seasons (>55%), and among larger fish (>30 mm TL). Maximum distance moved was 95 m within 26 d. Movement of E. fonticola was consistent with movement of narrowly distributed and slackwater etheostomids as well as widely distributed, swift‐water etheostomids. As such, movement potential and maximum movement do not satisfactorily explain why some darters are more widely distributed than others. Collectively, etheostomids conform to the theory of restricted movements among resident stream fishes, but movement of large distances occurs and is probably necessary, even among species with high site fidelity.
Parental Influence on the Size and Age at Maturity of Bluegills
Authors: Oplinger Randall W. , Wahl David H. , Philipp David P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe BluegillLepomis macrochirusis one of the most ubiquitous fish species in North America and often exhibits a stunted population size structure. Although previous research has shown that the size and density of mature males have a significant influence on Bluegill size and age at maturity, little is known about the influence that mature females have on Bluegill life history. Offspring produced by four possible crosses of Bluegill males and females from stunted and nonstunted source populations were raised in a common‐garden environment, and we compared size and age at maturity among these groups of offspring to determine whether the traits are maternally inherited. Growth, age at maturity, and energy investment into maturation did not differ between offspring of females from the two source populations, thus indicating that Bluegill size and age at maturity are not maternally inherited. Instead, the occurrence of stunting in Bluegills appears to be linked to previously identified in‐situ environmental factors, such as male social structure and predator presence.
Genetic Population Structure of Muskellunge in the Great Lakes
Authors: Kapuscinski Kevin L. , Sloss Brian L. , Farrell John M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe quantified genetic relationships among Muskellunge Esox masquinongy from 15 locations in the Great Lakes to determine the extent and distribution of measurable population structure and to identify appropriate spatial scales for fishery management and genetic conservation. We hypothesized that Muskellunge from each area represented genetically distinct populations, which would be evident from analyses of genotype data. A total of 691 Muskellunge were sampled (n = 10–127/site) and genetic data were collected at 13 microsatellite loci. Results from a suite of analyses (including pairwise genetic differentiation, Bayesian admixture prediction, analysis of molecular variance, and tests of isolation by distance) indicated the presence of nine distinct genetic groups, including two that were approximately 50 km apart. Geographic proximity and low habitat complexity seemed to facilitate genetic similarity among areas, whereas Muskellunge from areas of greater habitat heterogeneity exhibited high differentiation. Muskellunge from most areas contained private alleles, and mean within‐area genetic variation was similar to that reported for other freshwater fishes. Management programs aimed at conserving the broader diversity and long‐term sustainability of Muskellunge could benefit by considering the genetically distinct groups as independent fisheries, and individual spawning and nursery habitats could subsequently be protected to conserve the evolutionary potential of Muskellunge.
Organization of heart failure management in European Society of Cardiology member countries: survey of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the Heart Failure National Societies/Working Groups
Authors: Seferović Petar M. , Stoerk Stefan , Filippatos Gerasimos , Mareev Viacheslav , Kavoliuniene Ausra , Ristić Arsen D. , Ponikowski Piotr , McMurray John , Maggioni Aldo , Ruschitzka Frank , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Coats Andrew , Piepoli Massimo , McDonagh Theresa , Riley Jillian , Hoes Arno , Pieske Burkert , Dobrić Milan , Papp Zoltan , Mebazaa Alexandre , Parissis John , Ben Gal Tuvia , Vinereanu Dragos , Brito Dulce , Altenberger Johann , Gatzov Plamen , Milinković Ivan , Hradec Jaromír , Trochu Jean‐Noel , Amir Offer , Moura Brenda , Lainscak Mitja , Comin Josep , Wikström Gerhard , Anker Stefan ,   on behalf of the Committee of National Heart Failure Societies or Working Groups of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Published: June 2013

AimsThe aim of this document was to obtain a real‐life contemporary analysis of the demographics and heart failure (HF) statistics, as well as the organization and major activities of the Heart Failure National Societies (HFNS) in European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member countries.Methods and resultsData from 33 countries were collected from HFNS presidents/representatives during the first Heart Failure Association HFNS Summit (Belgrade, Serbia, 29 October 2011). Data on incidence and/or prevalence of HF were available for 22 countries, and the prevalence of HF ranged between 1% and 3%. In five European and one non‐European ESC country, heart transplantation was reported as not available. Natriuretic peptides and echocardiography are routinely applied in the management of acute HF in the median of 80% and 90% of centres, respectively. Eastern European and Mediterranean countries have lower availability of natriuretic peptide testing for acute HF patients, compared with other European countries. Almost all countries have organizations dealing specifically with HF. HFNS societies for HF patients exist in only 12, while in 16 countries HF patient education programmes are active. Most HFNS reported that no national HF registry exists in their country. Fifteen HFNS produced national HF guidelines, while 19 have translated the ESC HF guidelines. Most HFNS (n = 23) participated in the organization of the European HF Awareness Day.ConclusionThis document demonstrated significant heterogeneity in the organization of HF management, and activities of the national HF working groups/associations. High availability of natriuretic peptide and echocardiographic measurements was revealed, with differences between developed countries and countries in transition.
Salt and fluid restriction is effective in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Philipson Henriette , Ekman Inger , Forslund Heléne B. , Swedberg Karl , Schaufelberger Maria 
Published: June 2013

AimsEuropean and American guidelines have recommended salt and fluid restriction for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) despite scarce scientific evidence. Therefore, we investigated the effects of salt and fluid restriction in patients with CHF.Methods and resultsNinety‐seven stable patients in NYHA class II–IV, on optimal medication, with previous signs of fluid retention, treated with either >40 mg (NYHA III–IV) or >80 mg (NYHA II–IV) of furosemide daily were randomized to either individualized salt and fluid restriction or information given by the nurse‐led heart failure clinics, e.g. be aware not to drink too much and use salt with caution, and followed for 12 weeks. Fluid was restricted to 1.5 L and salt to 5 g daily, and individualized dietary advice and support was given. The 24 h dietary recall procedure, urine collection on three consecutive days, and para‐aminobenzoic acid 80 mg t.i.d. was used to assess adherence to diet and completeness of urine collection. The primary endpoint was a composite variable consisting of NYHA class, hospitalization, weight, peripheral oedema, quality of life (QoL), thirst, and diuretics.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, significantly more patients in the intervention than in the control group improved on the composite endpoint (51% vs. 16%; P < 0.001), mostly owing to improved NYHA class and leg oedema. No negative effects were seen on thirst, appetite, or QoL.ConclusionIndividualized salt and fluid restriction can improve signs and symptoms of CHF with no negative effects on thirst, appetite, or QoL in patients with moderate to severe CHF and previous signs of fluid retention.