bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat preferences of royal fern Osmunda regalis L. in the ‘Baszków’ nature reserve
Authors: Gdula Anna K. , Dyderski Marcin K. , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The royal fern (Osmunda regalis L.) is a threatened species, which reaches the northeastern border of its natural range in Poland. The number of royal fern stands is decreasing due to decline of its natural habitat - alder carrs. The main aim of this paper was to compare features of stands in habitats representing different levels of anthropogenic transformation and to investigate all stands of the royal fern in the ‘Baszków’ nature reserve (3.76 ha; Krotoszyn Forest District, Poland). We distinguished four plant communities within the nature reserve: Carici elongatae-Alnetum, Molinio-Pinetum, Leucobryo-Pinetum and Pinus-Padus. In total, we found 144 royal fern specimens within the nature reserve area growing in 20 stands: 97 specimens in Carici-Alnetum (9 stands), 32 specimens in Molinio-Pinetum (4 stands) and 15 specimens along a drainage ditch (7 stands). Specimens from Carici-Alnetum had the highest proportion of sporophylles (41%), which shows the habitat preferences of the royal fern. Low proportion of sporophylles and the low number of specimens in the stands in ditches prove lower vitality of royal ferns and possibility of local extirpation in these stands. Royal fern populations in secondary habitats such as ditches and borders of forest divisions should be particularly monitored. Passive royal fern protection in the nature reserve gave positive results due to better availability of light, connected with mortality of some trees.
Longitudinal analysis of annual height increment differentiation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands of different age classes
Authors: Zawieja Bogna , Kaźmierczak Katarzyna 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the study, the measurements of Scots pine height increments were used to compare the increments of pine trees of different age classes. All of the analyzed trees were growing in stands located on fresh mixed coniferous forest sites. The study concerned a 10-year period of growth of 8 tree age classes. Due to variation in climate conditions, all trees were studied over the same calendar period. Longitudinal analysis was used to compare different age classes of trees with reference to the increments in height. This procedure had not been previously used for such purpose. The results obtained did not confirm the hypothesis of parallel profiles implying that there existed differences in the growth of trees in various age groups.
Effect of mechanization level on manpower needs in forestry
Authors: Błuszkowska Urszula , Nurek Tomasz 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
High work consumption in forest operations is above all the result of the character and task realization mode in works undertaken in forestry. Development of mechanization in forest management activities allows to considerably decrease manpower needs. In the present study, there were analyzed the possibilities of reduction of work consumption by improving the mechanization level of forest works. The method was developed to consider the following assessments: 1) variant W1 - basic option comprising factual work consumption values in works carried out on the area administered by the Regional Directorate of State Forests (RDLP); 2) W2 - showing the effect of 25% upgrade of works to a higher level of mechanization; 3) W3 - showing the effect of 50% upgrade of works to a higher level of mechanization; 4) W4 - comprising analogous calculations to those in variant W1 , but work consumption upgrading was 75%. Simulation calculations revealed considerable differences in needs for labor of different categories of forest workers. On the other hand, with increasing mechanization level, there increase the demands concerning worker qualifications, e.g. a harvester operator must be trained for about 2 years, and the training has to include both simulator exercises (first using software and next - harvester simulator) and field work under supervision to gain sufficient experience. The introduction of higher levels of mechanization into forest operations, and hence considerable reduction of jobs for unqualified workers who are replaced by qualified employees, can help decreasing work consumption in forest operations.
Cultural traits of the future managers from generation Y – an example of young Europeans
Authors: Bartosik-Purgat Małgorzata 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
On the one hand, internationalization and globalization processes influence the fact that attitudes and behaviours of representatives of different cultures become similar. On the other one, opposite processes which aim at the manifestation of cultural differences can be observed.
The aim of this article is to find an answer to the question whether young people, students of higher schools of economics, future managers show similar cultural traits or whether the influence of the native environment is so strong that young Europeans manifest different values. In order to answer this question selected characteristics, which are significantly applicable at work in an enterprise have been used.
The answer to the aforementioned question has been searched both in the literature on the subject as well as in empirical studies conducted in ten European countries (Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Great Britain). Their results show significant similarities of cultural traits among the young respondents coming from the surveyed countries. These characteristics are manifested in various attitudes, hypothetical behaviours and the judgment of behaviour of others.
Chosen aspects of economic profitability in agricultural companies in the context of global economic crisis
Authors: Grzegorzewska Emilia 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Negative consequences of the economic crisis, which began in the United Sates in 2007, affected economies of all countries. The unfavourable economic situation on world markets was also reflected in the financial condition of Polish companies. It also refers to agriculture which plays a significant role in Polish economy. The following paper covers change trends in economic profitability of a group of 10 agricultural companies. Chosen liquidity and profitability ratios have been presented as well as synthetic measure which is at the root of the compilation “Ranking of 300 best agricultural companies”. The presented findings cover the years 2007-2012.
Familiness and Born Globals: Rapid Internationalisation among Polish Family Firms
Authors: Wach Krzysztof 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Rapid internationalisation is a very popular research theme internationally. Verifying the links between familiness of the investigated firms and the accelerated internationalisation among Polish family firms can be very promising. The objective of the paper is to identify the rapid internationalisation path of Polish family firms while going international from the comparative perspective of the familiness. The paper presents the research results of the survey conducted in the turn of 2013-2014 among 216 firms, including 88 family businesses. Based on the calculations we can assume that the average time of internationalisation measured from the establishment is the longer in case of family firms than non-family firms. It can be with the line to the statement that born globals are more frequently met among non-family firms.
Technical, Organizational and Cross-cultural issues associated with the deployment of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Transnational and Global Multicultural Organizations
Authors: Isern Germinal , Sena Giuseppe 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the past few years the way in which, organizations, companies and corporations structure themselves has given a 180 degrees turnaround, switching from a structure based in products to a structure based in customers. The first big change was the introduction and use of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) like SAP and Oracle. Those ERP systems changed the way in which the information was managed in large corporations including now a central database and visualizing the structures and functions of the corporation by business processes and not by business areas. Also lately with the advent of the WEB 2.0, the boom of the social media and the big data analytics areas, business, marketing and the relation with the customer has totally changed. One of the most important drivers for this turnaround is the adoption of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). CRM is supporting software designed to improve the relation with the current customers (loyalty) using modern social media and massive marketing technologies.
This paper introduces the organizational issues of cross-cultural communication associated with the integration between marketing, customer service, and complaint management with information technology. In highly competitive environments a lot of organizations intent to construct a relationship with their current customers, since the cost involved in capturing new ones is a lot higher than the cost of retaining the current ones. The most crucial factor is the understanding of the clients and their values, norms, traditions, language, religions, perceptions, thoughts in few words their culture. So this cultural dimension analysis is essential and the development of a formal taxonomy or cultural concern framework a need. This paper will deal with the dimension concerns from the technical, cultural and organizational point of view needed to build this framework in order to avoid the terrible consequences of a wrong interaction with the customers due to cultural issues.
Galectin-3 binding protein in human preterm infant umbilical cord plasma
Authors: Chan C. , Bode L. , Kim J. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND: Galectin-3 binding protein (Gal3BP) is a glycoprotein isolated in colostrum that may be an immunologically active component with effects on the neonatal immune system. This compound has been found in the blood of term newborn infants, but has not been studied in preterm infants. OBJECTIVE: Compare umbilical cord plasma Gal3BP concentration between preterm and term infants. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study of mother-infant pairs consented at UCSD Medical Center comparing umbilical cord plasma Gal3BP concentration in preterm and term infants. Umbilical cord plasma was collected at birth and stored at −80°C before Gal3BP analysis by ELISA. This study was powered to evaluate differences in preterm and term infant Gal3BP concentration. The secondary aim was to determine the effect of maternal and infant clinical factors on Gal3BP concentration. RESULTS: A total of 64 preterm and 30 term umbilical cord plasma samples were analyzed. By univariate analysis, Gal3BP concentration was elevated in the setting of prematurity, maternal diabetes, antenatal steroid exposure, and increasing maternal parity ( p <  0.05); and decreased in chorioamnionitis ( p = 0.03). Using a multiple linear regression model prematurity, chorioamnionitis and maternal diabetes remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Umbilical cord plasma Gal3BP concentration is elevated in prematurity. This may reflect inflammatory states in infant and mother, but further study is warranted.
Early extubation attempts reduce length of stay in extremely preterm infants even if re-intubation is necessary
Authors: Robbins M. , Trittmann J. , Martin E. , Reber Kristina M. , Nelin L. , Shepherd E. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: Prolonged mechanical ventilation in the extremely premature infant is associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Clinically, the decision to extubate the extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant can be difficult. There is continued debate regarding whether it is better for an ELBW infant to remain on the ventilator or to extubate to nasal constant positive airway pressure (nCPAP). It has also been argued that repeated intubations may be detrimental to ELBW infants. We tested the hypothesis that earlier extubation attempts would decrease length of hospital stay and BPD. STUDY DESIGN: A database maintained on infants born at <27 completed weeks gestation admitted to our all referral NICU for a 36 month period was queried ( n = 224). RESULTS: Day of life (DOL) of the first extubation attempt was inversely correlated with birth weight ( p <  0.001) and gestational age ( p <  0.01). The DOL of the 1st extubation attempt correlated with the need for re-intubation ( p <  0.001), but not with mortality ( p = 0.27). In survivors, earlier DOL of 1st extubation attempt was associated with shorter LOS ( p <  0.001). Earlier DOL of the 1st extubation attempt was associated with less need for supplemental oxygen ( p <  0.001) at 36 weeks CGA, while re-intubation was not ( p = 0.50). CONCLUSION: In our cohort of extremely premature infants, the earlier the first extubation attempt the sooner the patient was discharged home and the less likely to develop BPD. Our study suggests that extubation should not be delayed in extremely premature infants due to fears of need for re-intubation.
Hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcome in newborn infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Chouthai Nitin S. , Sobczak Holly , Khan Reshma , Subramanian Divya , Raman Sim , Rao Raghavendra 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves survival and neurodevelopmental outcome in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Both, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are common in infants with HIE. The relationship between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and immediate outcome has not been well described. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of newborn infants with HIE ( N = 56) was conducted. Blood glucose concentrations recorded during the first 96 hours were noted. Glucose levels of infants who underwent TH (TH group, N = 20) were compared with those that did not undergo TH (No-TH group, N = 36). The relationship between blood glucose and mortality and/or moderate/severe disability was determined. RESULTS: Mean ± SD blood glucose concentration during the first 24 hours of age was significantly higher in the TH group (148 ± 65 mg/dl), compared with the No-TH group (113 ± 50 mg/dl; p = 0.02), despite a lower glucose infusion rate in the former (4.05 ± 1.77 mg/kg/hr vs. 5.36 ± 2.51 mg/kg/hr; p = 0.04). One hundred percent of infants ( n = 9) in the TH group with blood glucose levels >200 mg/dl during the first 24 hours of age died or had moderate/severe disability, compared with 54.5% of those with blood glucose <200 mg/dl in this group ( p = 0.03). A similar effect was not present in the No-TH group. CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemia on the first day portends poor outcome in newborn infants undergoing TH for HIE.
Monitoring mesenteric tissue oxygenation with near-infrared spectroscopy during packed red blood cell transfusion in preterm infants
Authors: White L. , Said M. , Rais-Bahrami K. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: To monitor altered mesenteric tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) before and after blood transfusion. METHODS: We placed a 4-wavelength NIRS sensor (FORE-SIGHT, CASMED, Branford, CT USA) on the right lower abdominal quadrant prior to transfusion and measured StO2 for up to 48 hours post transfusion. Pulse oximetry (SpO2) data was collected simultaneously, with fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) and the [SpO2–StO2] difference calculated to normalize for hypoxic episodes. All data was combined and averaged in 30 minute windows for events before, during, and post transfusion to determine long term trends and analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA. 24 infants were enrolled in this study with 36 hours of data collected for 23 subjects and 48 hours for 16 subjects. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in any of the parameters when compared pre and post transfusion values at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours post transfusion. For the 16 subjects monitored to 48 hours, there was a significant decrease in FTOE and near significant increase in StO2 and reciprocal decrease in [SpO2 – StO2] at 48 hours post transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: There are several plausible mechanisms that may explain the relationship between necrotizing enterocolitis and PRBC transfusion; however, mesenteric tissue oxygen saturation changes did not clearly show that ischemia or re-perfusion injury to be one of the potential mechanisms.
Comparison of intermittent versus continuous vancomycin infusion for the treatment of late-onset sepsis in preterm infants
Authors: Demirel B. , İmamoglu E. , Gursoy T. , Demirel U. , Topçuoglu S. , Karatekin G. , Ovali F. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin a frequently used antimicrobial for the treatment of late-onset neonatal sepsis. It can be infused either intermittently or continuously, however, there is no consensus on the optimal dosing regimen. AIM: To evaluate microbiological outcomes, clinical response and adverse events of vancomycin when administered via continuos intravenous infusion. METHODS: The files of preterm infants (<34 weeks), who received either intermittent (group I, n = 41) or continuous (group II, n = 36) vancomycin infusion for the treatment of late-onset sepsis, were investigated retrospectively. Clinical and demographic features were recorded. RESULTS: Clinical improvement rates, Töllner scores and microbiological outcomes did not differ significantly between groups. At 48th hour of vancomycin infusion, 52.8% of infants achieved therapeutic concentrations of vancomycin in group II compared with 34.1% of patients in group I ( p = 0.002). Thirty-nine percent of infants in group I had supratherapeutic concentrations of vancomycin at 48th hour compared with 5.6% in group II ( p = 0.002). Dose adjustment rate in group I did not differ than group II (65.9% vs. 52.8% respectively, p = 0.3). However, when we subdivide group I into two according to dosing intervals, dose adjustment rates were more common in infants with a gestational age <29 weeks for whom intermittent infusion was performed in 18 hours intervals (92.9% vs 51.9% , p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: In preterm infants, continuous and intermittent infusions of vancomycin have similar clinical efficacies. Continuous infusion is well-tolerated and require less blood sampling compared to intermittent infusion especially in infants less than 29 weeks of gestational age.
Morphological diversity and evolution of Centrolepidaceae (Poales), a species‐poor clade with diverse body plans and developmental patterns
Authors: Sokoloff Dmitry D. , Remizowa Margarita V. , Barrett Matthew D. , Conran John G. , Rudall Paula J. 
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: The small primarily Australian commelinid monocot family Centrolepidaceae displays remarkably high structural diversity that has been hitherto relatively poorly explored. Data on Centrolepidaceae are important for comparison with other Poales, including grasses and sedges.• Methods: We examined vegetative and reproductive morphology in a global survey of Centrolepidaceae based on light and scanning electron microscopy of 18 species, representing all three genera. We used these data to perform a cladistic analysis to assess character evolution.• Key results: Each of the three genera is monophyletic; Centrolepis is sister to Aphelia. Some Centrolepidaceae show a change from spiral to distichous phyllotaxy on inflorescence transition. In Aphelia and most species of Centrolepis, several morphologically distinct leaf types develop along the primary shoot axis and flowers are confined to dorsiventral lateral spikelets. Centrolepis racemosa displays secondary unification of programs of leaf development, absence of the leaf hyperphyll and loss of shoot dimorphism. Presence or absence of a leaf ligule and features of inflorescence and flower morphology are useful as phylogenetic characters in Centrolepidaceae.• Conclusions: Ontogenetic changes in phyllotaxy differ fundamentally between some Centrolepidaceae and many grasses. Inferred evolutionary transformations of phyllotaxy in Centrolepidaceae inflorescences also differ from those in grasses. In contrast with grasses, some Centrolepidaceae possess ligulate leaves where the ligule represents the boundary between the bifacial hypophyll and unifacial hyperphyll. All the highly unusual features of the morphological‐misfit species Centrolepis racemosa could result from the same saltational event. Centrolepidaceae offer good perspectives for studies of evolutionary developmental biology.
Postoperative IOL Axial Movements and Refractive Changes After Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery Versus Conventional Phacoemulsification
Authors: Toto Lisa , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Mattei Peter A. , Agnifili Luca , Mastropasqua Alessandra , Falconio Gennaro , Di Nicola Marta , Mastropasqua Leonardo 
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:
To evaluate intraocular lens (IOL) axial movements and refractive changes during a 6-month follow-up period after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional cataract surgery, investigate the influence of capsulorhexis features on postoperative IOL axial changes, and assess the prediction error for both techniques.

METHODS:
Eighty eyes of 80 candidates for cataract extraction were randomized into two groups: femtosecond laser (40 eyes) and manual (40 eyes).

RESULTS:

The overall anterior chamber depth variation was significantly lower in the femtosecond laser group compared to the manual group during follow-up (
P
< .001). At 30 and 180 days postoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent showed a hyperopic shift (0.09 ± 0.28 diopters [D]) in the femtosecond laser group and a myopic shift in the manual group (−0.25 ± 0.18 D). Median absolute error was not significantly different between the two groups with standard formulas ranging between 0.29 and 0.64 (Hoffer Q) in the femtosecond laser group and between 0.24 (SRK-T) and 0.55 D (Hoffer Q) in the manual group. There was a significant lower deviation from intended versus achieved capsulotomy/capsulorhexis area in the femtosecond laser group (
P
< .001) compared to the manual group. The femtosecond laser group showed better IOL centration compared to the manual group at all time periods (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery was related to a lower overall variability of anterior chamber depth compared to conventional cataract surgery with more stable postoperative refraction. The two techniques did not show significant differences of prediction error.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(8):524–530.]