bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HRCT evaluation of microtia: A retrospective study
Authors: Patil Aruna R , Bhalla Ashu , Gupta Pankaj , Goyal Deepali , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Ramavat Anurag , Sharma Suresh 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To determine external, middle, and inner ear abnormalities on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of temporal bone in patients with microtia and to predict anatomic external and middle ear anomalies as well as the degree of functional hearing impairment based on clinical grades of microtia. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted on Indian population. Fifty-two patients with microtia were evaluated for external, middle, and inner ear anomalies on HRCT of temporal bone. Clinical grading of microtia was done based on criteria proposed by Weerda et al. in 37 patients and degree of hearing loss was assessed using pure tone audiometry or brainstem-evoked response in 32 patients. Independent statistical correlations of clinical grades of micotia with both external and middle ear anomalies detected on HRCT and the degree of hearing loss were finally obtained. Results: The external, middle, and inner ear anomalies were present in 93.1%, 74.5%, and 2.7% patients, respectively. Combined cartilaginous and bony external auditory canal atresia (EAC) was the most common anatomic abnormality in our group of microtia patients. Hypoplastic mesotympanum represented the commonest middle ear anomaly. The incidence of combined ossicular dysplasia and facial canal anomalies was lower as compared to other population groups; however, we recorded a greater incidence of cholesteatoma. Both these factors can have a substantial impact on outcome of patients planned for surgery. We found no significant association between grades of microtia and external or middle ear anomalies. Similarly, no significant association was found between lower grades of microtia (grade I and II) and degree of hearing loss. However, association between grade III microtia and degree of hearing loss was significant. A significant association between congenital cholesteatoma and degree of pneumatization of atretic plate and mastoid process not previously studied was also recorded in our study.
Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Performansının Ölçümü İçin Çok Kriterli Bir Çerçeve: Henkel Örneği
Authors: Öztel Ahmet , Köse Mehmet Said , Aytekin İhsan 
Published: February 2013

<p align="center"><strong>Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik Performansının Ölçümü İçin Çok Kriterli Bir Çerçeve: Henkel Örneği</strong><a title="" href="file:///E:/belgelerim%2018032015/ANA%20YEDEK/masa%C3%BCst%C3%BC%20dosyalar%C4%B1/dergi%20dosyalar%C4%B1/dergi%204.%20say%C4%B1/3%20%2032-44%20kurumsal%20s%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilirlik.docx#_ftn1"><strong>*</strong></a><strong></strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p align="right"> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performans ölçümü, kurumsal sürdürülebilirliğin çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik yönlerini ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu üç boyutun tek bir boyuta indirgenmesinde sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri, bu değişkenlerin birlikte değerlendirilmesi için kullanışlı bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden uzlaşık programlama (compromise programing) çerçevesi kullanılarak Henkel firmasının kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik performansının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Uygulamalı olan bu çalışmada veriler Henkel firmasının yıllık raporlarından temin edilmiştir. Ele alınan şirketin kurumsal yönetim performansı çevresel ve sosyal boyutlarıyla yıllara göre karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçta uzlaşık programlama yönteminin bu tür çalışmalarda kullanılması önerilmiştir.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Measurement of corporate sustainability performance is focused on environmental, social and economic aspects of corporate sustainability. Therefore, it can be argued that it is not easy to reduce all dimensions of corporate sustainability in a unit. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods provide a useful framework for the evaluation of these variables together. Using “compromise programing (CP)”, one of the MCDM methods, this study aimed to assess the corporate sustainability performance. Data were acquired from Henkel Company’s annual reports. Environmental and social aspects of Henkel’s corporate sustainability are compared by years, and in conclusion, using CP model to evaluate corporate sustainability is proposed.</p><div><br clear="all" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
Changes in the electrical properties at an early stage of mouse liver carcinogenesis
Authors: Bharati Sanjay , Rishi Praveen , Tripathi Surya Kant , Koul Ashwani 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe present investigation reports the changes in the electrical properties of hepatic tissue in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz at an early stage of liver carcinogenesis using the four‐pin electrode method. The hepatocarcinogenesis model was developed by intraperitoneal injection of N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) to male Balb/c mice. Histopathological assessment revealed high‐grade dysplasia in the liver of NDEA‐treated animals. The ultrastructural investigations indicated the presence of large and clumped cells with inconspicuous cell boundaries. The treatment resulted in significant changes in the dielectric properties of the tissues. A decrease in tissue conductivity along with an increase in relative permittivity was observed. The biophysical changes correlated well with histoarchitectural and morphological changes. The alterations in architectural arrangement and membrane structure of cells may be responsible for the observed changes in the dielectric properties. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:429–436. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental Innovations and Strategies for the Development of New Production Technologies: Empirical Evidence from Europe
Authors: Bönte Werner , Dienes Christian 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis study empirically investigates whether firms' improvements in energy and material efficiency are related to the extent to which external partners are involved in the development of process innovations. In particular, we distinguish three different process innovation strategies: firms may follow an ‘in‐house strategy’ and develop their innovations mainly within the firm, they may opt for an ‘external strategy’ and let mainly external partners develop innovations, or they may opt for a ‘cooperation strategy’ and develop innovations jointly with external partners. Using data of manufacturing firms obtained from the fourth Community Innovation Survey covering 14 European countries, we conduct total sample as well as industry‐ and country‐specific regressions. Our results indicate that firms following the ‘external strategy’ tend to have a lower probability of introducing process innovations leading to a marked increase in energy and material efficiency. Moreover, in contrast to extant literature, none of our results suggests that companies following a ‘cooperation strategy’ experience greater environmental innovation performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
ChemInform Abstract: Color‐Tunable Emission and Energy Transfer in Ca3Gd7(PO4) (SiO4)5O2: Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ Phosphors.
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Guogang , Geng Dongling , Shang Mengmeng , Peng Chong , Lin Jun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe color‐tunable title phosphors are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, Gd2O3, (NH4)2HPO4, SiO2, CeO2, Tb4O7, and MnCO3 (10%H2/90%N2, 1400 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Structural Studies of the Multifunctional Material SrFe0.75Mo0.25O3‐δ.
Authors: Greenblatt M. , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by the sol—gel method starting with SrCO3, FeC2O4, (NH4)6Mo7O24, citric acid, and HNO3 dissolved in H2O (heating the precursor at 950 °C for 12 h and at 1250 °C for another 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Identification of a Nonanuclear {CoII9} Polyoxometalate Cluster as a Homogeneous Catalyst for Water Oxidation.
Authors: Goberna‐Ferron Sara , Vigara Laura , Soriano‐Lopez Joaquin , Galan‐Mascaros Jose Ramon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the presence of the polyanion {Co9(H2O)6(OH)3 (HPO4)2 (PW9O34)3}16‐ catalytic water electrolysis in a sodium phosphate buffer solution at neutral pH occurs on fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass electrodes at reasonable low overpotentials.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Two Novel Indium Phosphites with (3,6)‐ and (3,5)‐Connected Frameworks: Synthesis, Structure and Characterization.
Authors: Li Huiduan , Zhang Lirong , Huo Qisheng , Liu Yunling 
Published: February 2013

Abstract[H3O][In(HPO3)2] (I) and [C4H12N2] [In2(HPO3)3(C2O4)] (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from In(NO3)3, In2(C2O4)3, NH4F, piperazine, H3PO3, and H2O (autoclave, 140—160 °C, 2—3 d, 65% and 47% yield for (I) and (II), respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of pH and Reaction Time on the Structures of Early Lanthanide(III) Borate Perchlorates.
Authors: Polinski Matthew J. , Wang Shuao , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Cross Justin N. , Depmeier Wulf , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractReactions of LnCl3 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Eu) with 11 M HClO4 in molten H3BO3 (autoclave, 240 °C, 3, 5, or 7 d) lead to the formation of Ln[B8O10(OH)6(H2O) (ClO4)]·0.5H2O (Ln: La—Nd, Sm), Pr[B8O11(OH)4(H2O) (ClO4)], Ln[B7O11(OH)(H2O)2 (ClO4)] (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu), and Ce[B8O11(OH)4(H2O) (ClO4)] depending on the lanthanide metal and the reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: A New 1‐D Extended Vanadoborate Containing Triply Bridged Metal Complex Units.
Authors: Zhou Jian , Liu Xing , Hu Feilong , Zou Huahong , Li Xiaojuan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract(H4tren)4(H3O) {[Na(H2O)4]3 [V12B18O54(OH)6(H2O)] 2}·42H2O (tren: tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine) is solvothermally synthesized by reaction of Na2SO3, NH4VO3, H3BO3, tren, and water (autoclave, 110 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Li3Mg2OsO6, a Geometrically Frustrated Osmium(V) Oxide with an Ordered Rock Salt Structure: Comparison with Isostructural Li3Mg2RuO6.
Authors: Nguyen Phuong‐Hieu T. , Ramezanipour Farshid , Greedan John E. , Cranswick Lachlan M. D. , Derakhshan Shahab 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe new title compound is synthesized by reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of Li5OsO6, Os, OsO2, and MgO (alumina crucible in an evacuated quartz tube, several heatings at 750 °C for 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,7‐Octadiene‐Assisted Tandem Multicomponent Cross‐Enyne Metathesis (CEYM)‐Diels—Alder Reactions: A Useful Alternative to Mori′s Conditions.
Authors: Fustero Santos , Bello Paula , Miro Javier , Simon Antonio , del Pozo Carlos 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe protocol relies on a relay metathesis process, in which 1,7‐octadiene acts as an in situ source of ethylene.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Ylidene‐β‐dicarbonyl Compounds: A Mild PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Dehydrogenation Process.
Authors: Fan Liyan , Chen Wen , Tang Kunshan , Wu Dongbei 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe title process provides a complementary entry to stereoselectivity for the Knoevenagel reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction by Helical Poly(amino acid)s in Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Akagawa Kengo , Kudo Kazuaki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTentaGel‐supported polyleucine catalyzes the process to yield acetylated products after hydrolysis and acetylation with low enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: CeIII‐Promoted Oxidation. Efficient Aerobic One‐Pot Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Oxidized Bis(indol‐3‐yl)methanes and Cyclic Tetra(indolyl)dimethanes.
Authors: Silveira Claudio C. , Mendes Samuel R. , Villetti Marcos A. , Back Davi F. , Kaufman Teodoro S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIndoles (I) and benzaldehyde derivatives (II) undergo an one‐pot condensation and a further aerobic dehydrogenation with CeCl3 to afford the corresponding oxidized bis(indol‐3‐yl)methanes (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H/C—H Coupling and Eliminative SNH Reactions in Direct Functionalization of Imidazole Oxides with Indoles.
Authors: Varaksin Mikhail V. , Utepova Irina A. , Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPd(OAc)2/ Cu(OAc)2‐mediated reaction of imidazole oxides with indoles provides a new approach to indolylimidazole oxides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 9‐(1‐Iodovinyl)acridin‐(2H)‐one Through Iodine‐Mediated Cascade 6‐endo‐dig Cyclization Followed by Condensation and 3,3‐Sigmatropic Migration of 2‐Aminophenyl Propynyl Oxyenone.
Authors: Sivaraman Mahalingam , Muralidharan Doraiswamy , Perumal Parmasivan T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNotable features concerning the process are the simple one‐step approach and a short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Investigation of 2‐(4‐Dimethylaminophenyl)‐3,5‐disubstituted Thiazolidin‐4‐ones as Anticonvulsants.
Authors: Senthilraja Manavalan , Alagarsamy Veerachamy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAmong the title thiazolidones synthesized, benzamide (IXd) appears to be the most active compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Methylquinolines with Alcohols.
Authors: Obora Yasushi , Ogawa Shinji , Yamamoto Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2013

Abstract3‐ and 6‐Methylquinoline are inert, but 2‐methylquinoxaline, 2‐methylbenzoxazoline, and 2‐methylpyridine can also be converted into the corresponding methyl‐alkylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives for Fluorescent Imaging Certain Bacteria.
Authors: Dhanapal Ramu , Perumal Paramasivan T. , Damodiran Munusamy , Ramprasath Chandrasekaran , Mathivanan Narayanasamy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHighly fluorescent quinoline derivatives are synthesized via scandium triflate‐catalyzed imino Diels—Alder reaction followed by an oxidation step.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Varied Substituents on the Antibacterial Activity of Triazolylmethyl Oxazolidinones.
Authors: Phillips Oludotun A. , Udo Edet E. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohammed E. , Varghese Reny 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA variety of triazolylmethyloxazolidinones (I) is synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,3,5‐Triazinylnitroformaldoximes. Part 5. Synthesis of 5‐R‐3‐(1,3,5‐Triazinyl)‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles.
Authors: Bakharev V. V. , Gidaspov A. A. , Selezneva E. V. , El'tsov O. S. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract2‐Isoxazolines, substituted in positions C‐3 and C‐5, (III), (V) are regioselectively synthesized in a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 1,3,5‐triazinylnitrile oxides to mono‐ and disubstituted alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐5H‐2‐benzazepin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Okuro Kazumi , Alper Howard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe synthesis involves an initial aza‐Michael addition of benzylamines to Michael acceptors (II) followed by a Pd‐catalyzed cyclocarbonylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐5‐diethoxyphosphorylethyne‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles.
Authors: Brel' V. K. 
Published: February 2013

Abstractvia regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of arylnitrile oxide with phosphonylated vinylacetylene (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Unnatural Chiral N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl α‐Amino Acid Synthesis: A General Synthetic Strategy to N‐Boc‐Phenylalanine Analogue Alternatives.
Authors: Lin Li , Fu Xu , Ma Xiaojuan , Zhang Jinlong , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe asymmetric addition of organozinc reagents to the chiral imino acetate (II) proceeds with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Pyrimidine Nucleosides: Inhibitors of Hepatitis B and C Viruses.
Authors: Shakya Neeraj , Vedi Satish , Liang Chao , Agrawal Babita , Tyrrell D. Lorne , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNovel dideoxy pyrimidine nucleosides possessing a 4′‐carboxyl function are synthesized and recognized to be inhibitors of HBV and / or HCV replication.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New 12‐Carbamoylated Streptothricins from Streptomyces sp. I08A 1776.
Authors: Gan Maoluo , Zheng Xudong , Liu Yufeng , Guan Yan , Xiao Chunling 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe less polar components of the previously studied water‐soluble portion of the fermentation cultures of the title strain are investigated, leading to the identification of two new streptothricins (I) and to the new streptothricin acid derivative (II).
Clinical trade‐offs in cross‐linked ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene used in total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Pruitt Lisa A. , Ansari Farzana , Kury Matt , Mehdizah Amir , Patten Elias W. , Huddlestein James , Mickelson Dayne , Chang Jennifer , Hubert Kim , Ries Michael D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHighly cross‐linked formulations of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (XLPE) offer exceptional wear resistance for total joint arthroplasty but are offset with a reduction in postyield and fatigue fracture properties in comparison to conventional ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Oxidation resistance is also an important property for the longevity of total joint replacements (TJRs) as formulations of UHMWPE or XLPE utilizing radiation methods are susceptible to free radical generation and subsequent embrittlement. The balance of oxidation, wear, and fracture properties is an enduring concern for orthopedic polymers used as the bearing surface in total joint arthroplasty. Optimization of material properties is further challenged in designs that make use of locking mechanisms, notches, or other stress concentrations that can render the polymer susceptible to fracture due to elevated local stresses. Clinical complications involving impingements, dislocations, or other biomechanical overloads can exacerbate stresses and negate benefits of improved wear resistance provided by XLPE. This work examines trade‐offs that factor into the use of XLPE in TJR implants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 101B: 476–484, 2013.
Enthalpy–Entropy Correlations in Reactions of Aryl Benzoates with Potassium Aryloxides in Dimethylformamide
Authors: Khalfina Irina A. , Vlasov Vladislav M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTTemperature dependences of the relative reactivity of potassium aryloxides XC6H4O−K+ toward 4‐nitrophenyl (1), 3‐nitrophenyl (2), 4‐chlorophenyl (3), and phenyl (4) benzoates in dimethylformamide (DMF) were studied using the competitive reactions technique. The rate constants kX for the reactions of 1 with potassium 4‐cyanophenoxide, 2 with potassium 3‐bromophenoxide, 3 with potassium 3‐bromo‐, 4‐bromo‐, and unsubstituted phenoxides, 4 with potassium 4‐methoxy‐ and 3‐methylphenoxides were measured at 25°C. Correlation analysis of the relative rate constants kX/kH(3‐Me) and differences in the activation parameters (∆∆Н≠ and ∆∆S≠) of competitive reactions revealed the existence of six isokinetic series. We investigated the substituent effect of X on the activation parameters for each isokinetic series and concluded that the reactions of aryl benzoates PhCO2C6H4Y with potassium aryloxides in DMF proceed via a four‐step mechanism. The large ρ0(Y) and ρXY values at 25°C obtained for the reactions of 1–3 with potassium aryloxides with an electron‐donating substituent refer to the rate‐determining formation of the spiro‐σ‐complex. The Hammett plots for the reactions of 1 and 2 exhibit a downward curvature, causing the motion of the transition state for the rate‐determining step according to a Hammond effect as the substituent in aryloxide changes from electron‐donating to electron‐withdrawing. Analysis of data in the terms of two‐dimensional reaction coordinate diagrams leads to the conclusion that significant anti‐Hammond effects arise in the cases of ortho‐substituted and unsubstituted substrates. It was shown that the isokinetic and compensation effects observed for the reactions of aryl benzoates with potassium aryloxides in DMF can be interpreted in the terms of the electrostatic bonding between the reaction centers.
Fluorocarbon Plasma Polymer Deposition by an Atmospheric Pressure Microplasma Jet Using Different Precursor Molecules – A Comparative Study
Authors: Vogelsang Andreas , Ohl Andreas , Foest Rüdiger , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe plasma polymerization of two fluorocarbon compounds (octafluorocyclobutane (c‐C4F8) and octafluoropropane (C3F8)) using a non‐thermal atmospheric pressure microplasma jet is being compared. The source is operated with argon as working gas at a flow rate of 6 slm and 10–100 sccm admixtures of the respective monomer. Whereas c‐C4F8 shows a fast deposition process with high local growth rates and a Teflon‐like chemical structure, the same process with C3F8 is much slower, producing very thin and higher cross‐linked coatings. The differences in the deposition rate, as well as the chemical structure of the coatings, measured by X‐ray photo electron spectroscopy, are described and the results are discussed along with possible gas phase reactions. magnified image
Photovoltaic operation of quantum dot quantum cascade detector with low photoconductive gain for midwave infrared photodetection
Authors: Barve Ajit V. , Krishna Sanjay 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe demonstrate photovoltaic operation of midwave (MW) quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) with conventional n‐i‐n geometry, with a quantum cascade design. Quantum dot quantum cascade detector (QD‐QCD) provides zero bias operation with responsivity of 10 mA/W and detectivity of 9×109 cm.Hz1/2W‐1 at 77 K for f/2 optics. Measured photoconductive gain is below 0.4, which is difficult to obtain with the traditional QDIP architecture, and is highly attractive for focal plane array applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A cryptography‐based protocol against packet dropping and message tampering attacks on mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Obaidat Mohammad S. , Woungang Isaac , Dhurandher Sanjay Kumar , Koo Vincent 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), nodes are mobile in nature, but at the same time, they are assumed to rely on each other to relay their traffic even in case the wireless transmission medium is out of range. This requirement poses a serious challenge when malicious nodes are present in the MANET and may contribute to the routing operations, either by tampering the data packets or dropping them. This paper addresses this particular type of wormhole attacks, by introducing an enhancement (the so‐called E‐HSAM) to a recently proposed ad hoc on‐demand distance vector‐based protocol for preventing against such attacks in MANETs (the so‐called highly secured approach against attacks on MANETs (HSAM)). Our contributions are twofold: (i) a simulation study of the HSAM protocol is provided for the first time, and (ii) the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is introduced in the route selection phase of E‐HSAM (yielding our so‐called E‐HSAM‐AES scheme) to strengthen the integrity of the data while securing the potential routes chosen for data transfer from source to destination nodes. Simulation results are presented, showing the superiority of E‐HSAM‐AES over E‐HSAM and HSAM in terms of packet delivery ratio and broken link detected during data transmission, chosen as performance metrics. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.