bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Crystalline Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Medium: A Combined Cryo‐TEM/Kinetic Study
Authors: Tidhar Yaron , Weissman Haim , Tworowski Dmitry , Rybtchinski Boris 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the crystallization of organic molecules is a long‐standing challenge. Herein, a mechanistic study on the self‐assembly of crystalline arrays in aqueous solution is presented. The crystalline arrays are assembled from perylene diimide (PDI) amphiphiles bearing a chiral N‐acetyltyrosine side group connected to the PDI aromatic core. A kinetic study of the crystallization process was performed using circular dichroism spectroscopy combined with time‐resolved cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) imaging of key points along the reaction coordinate, and molecular dynamics simulation of the initial stages of the assembly. The study reveals a complex self‐assembly process starting from the formation of amorphous aggregates that are transformed into crystalline material through a nucleation–growth process. Activation parameters indicate the key role of desolvation along the assembly pathway. The insights from the kinetic study correlate well with the structural data from cryo‐TEM imaging. Overall, the study reveals four stages of crystalline self‐assembly: 1) collapse into amorphous aggregates; 2) nucleation as partial ordering; 3) crystal growth; and 4) fusion of smaller crystalline aggregates into large crystals. These studies indicate that the assembly process proceeds according to a two‐step crystallization model, whereby initially formed amorphous material is reorganized into an ordered system. This process follows Ostwald’s rule of stages, evolving through a series of intermediate phases prior to forming the final structure, thus providing an insight into the crystalline self‐assembly process in aqueous medium.
Mono‐ and Bis(pyrrolo)tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives Tethered to C60: Synthesis, Photophysical Studies, and Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Solano Marta Vico , Della Pia Eduardo Antonio , Jevric Martyn , Schubert Christina , Wang Xintai , van der Pol Cornelia , Kadziola Anders , Nørgaard Kasper , Guldi Dirk M. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Jeppesen Jan O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA series of mono‐ (MPTTF) and bis(pyrrolo)tetrathiafulvalene (BPTTF) derivatives tethered to one or two C60 moieties was synthesized and characterized. The synthetic strategy for these dumbbell‐shaped compounds was based on a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between aldehyde‐functionalized MPTTF/BPTTF derivatives, two different tailor‐made amino acids, and C60. Electronic communication between the MPTTF/BPTTF units and the C60 moieties was studied by a variety of techniques including cyclic voltammetry and absorption spectroscopy. These solution‐based studies indicated no observable electronic communication between the MPTTF/BPTTF units and the C60 moieties. In addition, femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed, rather surprisingly, that no charge transfer from the MPTTF/BPTTF units to the C60 moieties takes place on excitation of the fullerene moiety. Finally, it was shown that the MPTTF–C60 and C60–BPTTF‐C60 dyad and triad molecules formed self‐assembled monolayers on a Au(111) surface by anchoring to C60.
Synthesis, Characterization, Self‐Assembly, Gelation, Morphology and Computational Studies of Alkynylgold(III) Complexes of 2,6‐Bis(benzimidazol‐2′‐yl)pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Yim King‐Chin , Lam Elizabeth Suk‐Hang , Wong Keith Man‐Chung , Au Vonika Ka‐Man , Ko Chi‐Chiu , Lam Wai Han , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel class of alkynylgold(III) complexes of the dianionic ligands derived from 2,6‐bis(benzimidazol‐2′‐yl)pyridine (H2bzimpy) derivatives has been synthesized and characterized. The structure of one of the complexes has also been determined by X‐ray crystallography. Electronic absorption studies showed low‐energy absorption bands at 378–466 nm, which are tentatively assigned as metal‐perturbed π–π* intraligand transitions of the bzimpy2− ligands. A computational study has been performed to provide further insights into the nature of the electronic transitions for this class of complexes. One of the complexes has been found to show gelation properties, driven by π–π and hydrophobic–hydrophobic interactions. This complex exhibited concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectra. The morphology of the gel has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Chiral Dirhodium(II) Carboxylates and Carboxamidates as Effective Chemzymes in Asymmetric Synthesis of Three‐Membered Carbocycles
Authors: Adly Frady G. , Ghanem Ashraf 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn this review the recent advances in the utilization of two of the most important classes of dirhodium(II) paddlewheel complexes, dirhodium(II) carboxylates and carboxamidates, as chemzymes in inter‐ and intramolecular asymmetric cyclopropanation, as well as cyclopropenation reactions are discussed. Chirality 26:692–711, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Aminwäsche – Demonstration eines industriell bedeutsamen Verfahrens zur CO2‐Reduktion
Authors: Schuldt Manuel , Habekost Achim 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDie weltweite Verringerung von Kohlenstoffdioxid ist ein notwendiger Schritt zur Reduktion des Treibhauseffekts. Die dabei angewendete Aminwäsche stellt eine Möglichkeit dar, die auch mit schulischen Mitteln experimentell erschlossen werden kann. Die Untersuchung von primären, sekundären und tertiären Aminen und von Ammoniak hinsichtlich der Reaktion mit CO2 wird diskutiert.
Small Alterations in Cobinamide Structure Considerably Influence sGC Activation
Authors: Giedyk Maciej , Proinsias Keith ó , Kurcoń Sylwester , Sharina Iraida , Martin Emil , Gryko Dorota 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSpecially designed B‐ring‐modified cobalamin derivatives were synthesized and tested as potential activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Herein, we disclose the influence of substituents at the c‐ and d‐positions in hydrophilic and hydrophobic cobyrinic acid derivatives on their capacities to activate sGC. The presence of the amide group at c‐/d‐position in cobyrinic acid derivatives strongly influence the level of sGC activation. Removal of the d‐position altogether has a profound effect for hydrophobic compounds. In contrast, little differences were observed in hydrophilic ones.
Pain experiences among a population‐based cohort of current, former, and never regular smokers with lung and colorectal cancer
Authors: Gonzalez Adam , Japuntich Sandra , Keating Nancy L. , Wallace Robert , He Yulei , Streck Joanna M. , Park Elyse R. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDSmoking and pain are prevalent and comorbid among patients with cancer. Limited work has compared pain experiences among current, former, and never (regular) smokers with lung and colorectal cancer.METHODSWe studied pain experiences of patients with lung (n = 2390) and colorectal (n = 2993) cancer participating in the multi‐regional Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance study. We examined reports of pain, pain treatment, pain severity, and pain‐related interference within each cancer group by smoking status, adjusting for demographic, psychosocial, and cancer characteristics.RESULTSAmong lung cancer patients, current smokers reported pain and receiving pain treatment more often than former smokers. Never smokers did not differ from current and former smokers on endorsement of pain; however, they reported pain treatment less often than their counterparts. Current smokers reported greater pain severity than former smokers after adjusting for other contributing factors; however, no differences were detected between current and never smokers. There were no differences in pain‐related interference. Among colorectal cancer patients, current smokers reported pain and pain treatment more often than former and never smokers; however, the latter 2 groups did not differ. Current smokers also reported greater pain severity than never smokers after adjustments; however, no differences were detected between current and former smokers. An identical pattern of findings was observed for pain‐related interference.CONCLUSIONSMany smokers with lung and colorectal cancer experience pain following a cancer diagnosis. Future work should assess if comprehensive smoking cessation treatments that address pain can reduce pain and facilitate smoking cessation among patients with cancer. Cancer 2014;120:3554–3561. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
FCR and bevacizumab treatment in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jain Preetesh , Lee Hun Ju , Qiao Wei , Wierda William , Benjamini Ohad , Burger Jan , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Estrov Zeev , Kantarjian Hagop , Keating Michael , O'Brien Susan 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDPatients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) often achieve response with chemoimmunotherapy but have short remission durations. Studies have shown that patients with CLL have increased angiogenesis in the microenvironment; levels of proangiogenic growth factors such as VEGF and/or angiopoietin‐2 are also elevated. Increased angiogenesis correlates with poor outcome in CLL. Bevacizumab (B) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF‐A.METHODSIn this study, we analyzed whether a combination of bevacizumab with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab chemoimmunotherapy (FCR‐B) could improve outcomes in patients with relapsed CLL. Sixty‐two patients were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 31‐84 years) and 40% had received >1 prior therapy for CLL. Sixty‐one patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 57 were evaluable for response. Six cycles were planned; 36 patients (59%) completed ≥4‐6 cycles of the regimen.RESULTSThe overall response rate was 79%, with 13 (23%) complete remissions (CRs), 8 nodular partial remissions (14%), and 24 partial remissions (43%). The median progression‐free survival and overall survival rates were 13.5 and 45 months, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities included febrile neutropenia (n = 40), infections (n = 21), thrombocytopenia (n = 18) and anemia (n = 9).CONCLUSIONSResults with FCR‐B were similar to those observed with an historical cohort of relapsed patients treated with FCR. Cancer 2014;120:3494–3501. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The biomechanical effects of stapes replacement by prostheses on the tympano‐ossicular chain
Authors: Gentil Fernanda , Garbe Carolina , Parente Marco , Martins Pedro , Santos Carla , Almeida Eurico , Jorge Renato Natal 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYHearing is a sequence of processes in which the ear translates sound waves into electrical signals, which are then sent to the brain where they are interpreted as sound. The ossicular chain of the middle ear is formed by three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), of which the last and smallest, the stapes, vibrates, thus communicating with the inner ear through the stapes footplate. When abnormal bone formation immobilizes the stapes (otosclerosis), the passage of sound does not correctly occur and hearing can be compromised. In most cases, surgery is an option for its treatment. The stapes is totally or partially replaced by a prosthesis (stapedectomy or stapedotomy, respectively) allowing the passage of sound to the inner ear.This work presents a study on the behavior of different stapes prostheses, considering their biomechanical characteristics. The stapes was replaced by different prostheses, made of dissimilar materials: stainless steel, teflon, and titanium. The umbo and stapes footplate displacements for the models with these prostheses were obtained and compared with the displacements obtained with the model representative of the normal ear.In the models with prostheses, the displacements are found in the hole where the prosthesis is attached. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Perovskites as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Rincón Rosalba A. , Ventosa Edgar , Tietz Frank , Masa Justus , Seisel Sabine , Kuznetsov Volodymyr , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an enabling process for technologies in the area of energy conversion and storage, but its slow kinetics limits its efficiency. We performed an electrochemical evaluation of 14 different perovskites of variable composition and stoichiometry as OER electrocatalysts in alkaline media. We particularly focused on improved methods for a reliable comparison of catalyst activity. From initial electrochemical results we selected the most active samples for further optimization of electrode preparation and testing. An inverted cell configuration facilitated gas bubble detachment and thus minimized blockage of the active surface area. We describe parameters, such as the presence of specific cations, stoichiometry, and conductivity, that are important for obtaining electroactive perovskites for OER. Conductive additives enhanced the current and decreased the apparent overpotential of OER for one of the most active samples (La0.58Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3).
Chemocatalytic Upgrading of Tailored Fermentation Products Toward Biodiesel
Authors: Sreekumar Sanil , Baer Zachary C. , Gross Elad , Padmanaban Sasisanker , Goulas Konstantinos , Gunbas Gorkem , Alayoglu Selim , Blanch Harvey W. , Clark Douglas S. , Toste F. Dean 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBiological and chemocatalytic processes are tailored in order to maximize the production of sustainable biodiesel from lignocellulosic sugar. Thus, the combination of hydrotalcite‐supported copper(II) and palladium(0) catalysts with a modification of the fermentation from acetone–butanol–ethanol to isopropanol–butanol–ethanol predictably produces higher concentrations of diesel‐range components in the alkylation reaction.
Oikopleura dioicaculturing made easy: A Low‐Cost facility for an emerging animal model inEvoDevo
Authors: Martí‐Solans Josep , Ferrández‐Roldán Alfonso , Godoy‐Marín Hector , Badia‐Ramentol Jordi , Torres‐Aguila Nuria P. , Rodríguez‐Marí Adriana , Bouquet Jean Marie , Chourrout Daniel , Thompson Eric M. , Albalat Ricard , Cañestro Cristian 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe genome sequencing and the development of RNAi knockdown technologies in the urochordateOikopleura dioicaare making this organism an attractive emergent model in the field of EvoDevo. To succeed as a new animal model, however, an organism needs to be easily and affordably cultured in the laboratory. Nowadays, there are only two facilities in the world capable to indefinitely maintainOikopleura dioica, one in the SARS institute (Bergen, Norway) and the other in the Osaka University (Japan). Here, we describe the setup of a new facility in the University of Barcelona (Spain) in which we have modified previously published husbandry protocols to optimize the weekly production of thousands of embryos and hundreds of mature animals using the minimum amount of space, human resources, and technical equipment. This optimization includes novel protocols of cryopreservation and solid cultures for long‐term maintenance of microalgal stocks—Chaetoceros calcitrans,Isochrysis sp.,Rhinomonas reticulate, andSynechococcus sp.—needed forOikopleura dioicafeeding. Our culture system maintains partially inbred lines healthy with similar characteristics to wild animals, and it is easily expandable to satisfy on demand the needs of any laboratory that may wish to useOikopleura dioicaas a model organism. genesis 53:183–193, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diet quality determines interspecific parasite interactions in host populations
Authors: Lange Benjamin , Reuter Max , Ebert Dieter , Muylaert Koenraad , Decaestecker Ellen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe widespread occurrence of multiple infections and the often vast range of nutritional resources for their hosts allow that interspecific parasite interactions in natural host populations might be determined by host diet quality. Nevertheless, the role of diet quality with respect to multispecies parasite interactions on host population level is not clear. We here tested the effect of host population diet quality on the parasite community in an experimental study using Daphnia populations. We studied the effect of diet quality on Daphnia population demography and the interactions in multispecies parasite infections of this freshwater crustacean host. The results of our experiment show that the fitness of a low‐virulent microsporidian parasite decreased in low, but not in high‐host‐diet quality conditions. Interestingly, infections with the microsporidium protected Daphnia populations against a more virulent bacterial parasite. The observed interspecific parasite interactions are discussed with respect to the role of diet quality‐dependent changes in host fecundity. This study reflects that exploitation competition in multispecies parasite infections is environmentally dependent, more in particular it shows that diet quality affects interspecific parasite competition within a single host and that this can be mediated by host population‐level effects.
Japanese Energy Management in Smart Grid after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Hayashi Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe Great East Japan Earthquake drastically changed the energy management scheme in the electric power grid in Japan. Nuclear power plants ceasing operation caused an increase in electricity costs. Demand side energy management schemes such as demand response are now needed to reduce the peaks in electric power demand by using the Home Energy Management System (HEMS) and Building Energy Management System (BEMS). This paper describes the trends in Japan for energy management based on demand response and international standardization of communications protocols, and points out future issues and possibilities.
Operation Optimization of Factory Power Generation Plant Considering an Uncertainty
Authors: Kitamura Shoichi , Mori Kazuyuki , Izui Yoshio , Miyamoto Toshiyuki , Takai Shigemasa 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYFactory power generation plants supply electric power and heat to manufacturing lines. Because demand changes are uncertain, the power plant must adjust its output to match the demand and to avoid violation of constraints such as inverse load flow. Conventionally, these violations have been avoided by purchasing surplus electric power. However, surplus power raises the energy cost. There exists an optimization method that considers uncertainty in demands for cogeneration systems, and uses a triangle function to approximate the probability distribution. However, this method does not consider the tail of the probability distribution. In this paper we propose an operation optimization method considering an uncertainty in the demands for factory power plants. The proposed method aims to avoid violation of constraints and to reduce energy cost. Through simulation experiments, we confirm the validity of the proposed method.
Few Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are sufficient to protect adult mice from lethal autoimmunity
Authors: Mayer Christian T. , Ghorbani Peyman , Kühl Anja A. , Stüve Philipp , Hegemann Maike , Berod Luciana , Gershwin M. Eric , Sparwasser Tim 
Published: July 2014

Foxp3 specifies the Treg cell lineage and is indispensable for immune tolerance. Accordingly, rare Foxp3 mutations cause lethal autoimmunity. The mechanisms precipitating more prevalent human autoimmune diseases are poorly understood, but involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Many autoimmune diseases associate with a partial Treg‐cell dysfunction, yet mouse models reflecting such complex pathophysiological processes are rare. Around 95% of Foxp3+ Treg cells can be specifically depleted in bacterial artifical chromosome (BAC)‐transgenic Depletion of REGulatory T cells (DEREG) mice through diphtheria toxin (DT) treatment. However, Treg‐cell depletion fails to cause autoimmunity in adult DEREG mice for unclear reasons. By crossing Foxp3GFP knock‐in mice to DEREG mice, we introduced additional genetic susceptibility that does not affect untreated mice. Strikingly, DT treatment of DEREG × Foxp3GFP mice rapidly causes autoimmunity characterized by blepharitis, tissue damage, and autoantibody production. This inflammatory disease is associated with augmented T‐cell activation, increased Th2 cytokine production and myeloproliferation, and is caused by defective Treg‐cell homeostasis, preventing few DT‐insensitive Treg cells from repopulating the niche after Treg‐cell depletion. Our study provides important insights into self‐tolerance. We further highlight DEREG × Foxp3GFP mice as a model to investigate the role of environmental factors in precipitating autoimmunity. This may help to better understand and treat human autoimmunity.
The development of autoimmune features in aging mice is closely associated with alterations of the peripheral CD4+ T‐cell compartment
Authors: Nusser Anja , Nuber Natko , Wirz Oliver F. , Rolink Hannie , Andersson Jan , Rolink Antonius 
Published: July 2014

Some signs of potential autoimmunity, such as the appearance of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) become prevalent with age. In most cases, elderly people with ANAs remain healthy. Here, we investigated whether the same holds true for inbred strains of mice. Indeed, we show that most mice of the C57BL/6 (B6) strain spontaneously produced IgG ANA at 8–12 months of age, showed IgM deposition in kidneys and lymphocyte infiltrates in submandibular salivary glands. Despite all of this, the mice remained healthy. ANA production is likely CD4+ T‐cell dependent, since old (40–50 weeks of age) B6 mice deficient for MHC class II do not produce IgG ANAs. BM chimeras showed that ANA production was not determined by age‐related changes in radiosensitive, hematopoietic progenitor cells, and that the CD4+ T cells that promote ANA production were radioresistant. Thymectomy of B6 mice at 5 weeks of age led to premature alterations in T‐cell homeostasis and ANA production, by 15 weeks of age, similar to that in old mice. Our findings suggest that a disturbed T‐cell homeostasis may drive the onset of some autoimmune features.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Activity in Iridium(III) Diimine Complexes: Investigations of Their Vapochromic Properties
Authors: Alam Parvej , Karanam Maheswararao , Bandyopadhyay Debashree , Choudhury Angshuman Roy , Laskar Inamur Rahaman 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo iridium(III) diimine complexes [mono(1,10‐phenanthroline)bis(triphenylphosphine)(dihydrido)iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate (1) and mono(1,10‐phenanthroline)bis(triphenylphosphine)(hydrido)(chloro)iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate (2)] have been synthesized from a single two‐step reaction. The structures of 1 and 2 both adopt distorted octahedral geometries, as established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The complexes, upon irradiation with UV light at 365 nm, emit faint light in solution and bright light in the solid state. The ground‐ and excited‐state properties of these complexes were investigated through density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT calculations. The calculated energies for the transitions from the ground state to the singlet and triplet excited states were close to those determined from the experimental absorption and emission. Their molecular orbitals were also exploited to compute the ground‐state dipole moments and redox potentials. Several experiments were performed to demonstrate the “aggregation‐induced emission” (AIE) activity of these complexes. AIE was triggered by the restricted intramolecular rotation of the rotating units (phenyls in triphenyphosphines) in these molecules in the solid state. The solid thin films of 1 and 2 exhibit solvent‐polarity‐dependent vapour‐responsive emission properties (vapoluminescent). The rationale for the different emission behavior in the solid state has been thoroughly investigated. The packing diagrams of 1 and 2 show that there is enough space available to accommodate small organic solvent molecules inside the crystal lattices.