bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceptional Association Between Klinefelter Syndrome and Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Doubi Sana , Amrani Zoubida , Ouahabi Hanan El , Boujraf Saïd , Ajdi Farida 
Published: September 2015

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is characterized in adults by the combination of a tall stature, small testes, gynecomastia, and azoospermia. This case is described in a North African population of the Mediterranean region of North Africa. We report the case of a male 16 years old, of Arab ethnic origin, and diagnosed with this syndrome, who had a small height in relation to a growth hormone (GH) deficiency and a history of absence seizures (generalized myoclonic epilepsy). The patient's size was <−2.8 standard deviation (SD) with weight <−3 SD. GH deficiency was isolated and confirmed by two dynamic tests (insulin — hypoglycemia tolerance test and clonidine) with normal hypothalamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). GH supplementation using recombinant GH was advocated, while gonadotropin treatment was deferred.
Small size in children or adolescents should not eliminate the diagnosis of Klinefelter syndrome — on the contrary, the presence of any associated sign (brain maturation, delay in puberty, aggressiveness) should encourage one to request a karyotype for the diagnosis and appropriate care of any case of KS that can be associated with GH deficiency, or which is in a variant form (isochromosome Xq, 49,XXXXY).
Role of reradiation in head and neck cancer from limits to option
Authors: Shukla Arpana , Bansal Vivek 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLocoregional recurrence (LRR) or second primary malignancy in the previously treated area continues to be a major cause of treatment failure with significant morbidity and mortality in head and neck cancer. Prognosis of recurrent disease is dismal. To manage LRR is a therapeutic challenge for multidisciplinary head and neck team and more so if it is in a previously irradiated area. Though surgery is the mainstay of treatment but curative resection is feasible in only minority of patients. Systemic therapy alone has no long-term response rate or survival advantage in the management of inoperable recurrences. Full dose reradiation (RERT) with or without concurrent systemic therapy (CRERT) remains the only viable treatment option offering long-term survival in carefully selected patients. RERT is not a new concept but traditionally been avoided because of concern regarding toxicity due to limitations of conventional radiotherapy techniques. Initial studies were restricted to brachytherapy with its limitations. During the past two decades with the revolution in radiation therapy treatment delivery, more precise treatment techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), adaptive radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, tomotherapy, intensity modulated proton therapy, image-guided brachytherapy in combination with better imaging modalities to define the target with the concept of biological target volume, offer various options for RERT with improved survival and limited toxicity. Pattern of failure even after full dose RERT is mainly infield, inside recurrent gross tumor volume (r GTV); radioresistance and tumor hypoxia may be the probable explanation. Though RERT has been established as a mainstream treatment option, there is a lack of prospective multi-institutional studies and absence of phase III randomized trial except one in adjuvant setting. Optimum treatment is yet to be defined. We have reviewed the literature and attempt has been made to provide guidance to the priorities on which future investigation should focus. There is a need to reevaluate prognostic factors for survival, selection criteria for patients undergoing RERT, measures to reduce the infield recurrence and morbidity, reradiation tolerance of normal tissue in IGRT era, toxicity antagonist and molecular marker as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. There is a need of multi-institutional prospective randomize trial with uniform data reporting.
Impact of early dysphagia intervention on swallowing function and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy or image guided radiation therapy with or without surgery/chemotherapy
Authors: Kumar Rajender , Gupta Hitesh , Konwar Keshavanand , Sharma Ritesh , Anand Anil Kumar , Sachdeva Sanjay 
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Dysphagia is a very common problem associated with head and neck cancer patients. Inspite of best of technologies like Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) or Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT), Dysphagia remains a major problem in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: We randomized 50 head and neck cancer patients, including all sites and stages into two groups, 25 patients in each group. In Group-A dysphagia prevention exercises were done from the day of the onset of radiation therapy and continued till 6 months, while in Group-B no dysphagia interventions were given. We analyzed rate of dysphagia, aspiration rate and its impact on quality of life. We used M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) which is a validated and reliable questionnaire designed specifically for evaluating impact of dysphagia on quality of life (QOL) in head and neck cancer patients. American Speech language Hearing Association (ASHA) scale was used for assessing swallowing function. Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to assess aspiration during swallowing with the help of Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES).
Results: Quality of life was significantly better in dysphagia preventive exercise arm (group - A). There was significant improvement in the MDADI score, from the baseline to 6 months in exercise arm (14 versus 7.76, p= 0.017). Swallowing function score was also in favour of exercise arm (6.44 versus 5.8, p=0.002). Patients in exercise arm were able to swallow much better by the end of 6 months post radiotherapy. Risk of silent aspiration as evaluated by PAS score at the end of three months was 36% (Group A = 16%, Group B = 20%). At the end of six months, it improved to 24% (Group A = 8%, Group B = 16%). There was a trend towards lesser incidence of aspiration in exercise arm, although it was not statistically significant (p=0.21).
Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated that swallowing exercises, if administered from first week of chemo-radiation and continued till 6 months, results in significant improvement in swallowing function and quality of life. Use of FEES helps in detection of silent aspiration at an early stage and reduces aspiration related morbidities.
Evaluation of fatigue in head and neck cancer patients undergoing (intensity modulated radiation therapy) radiotherapy: A prospective study
Authors: Nautiyal Vipul , Lal Punita , Verma Mranalini , Yadav Rajan , Singh Nirupama , Kumar Shaleen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroduction: Fatigue is a common symptom in cancer patients and persists after the completion of cancer-directed treatment. We attempted to study temporal variation in fatigue levels in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients when they were treated by radiotherapy (RT) using intensity modulated radiation therapy techniques.Materials and Methods: Histologically proven HNC patients (AJCC stage II and III with Karnofsky performance status [KPS] ≥80) receiving RT between August 2009 and October 2011 were included. Fatigue was assessed before, during and at 3, 6, and 12 months following RT and compared with age-matched healthy controls by using EORTC QOLQ C30 (using question number 10, 12, and 18).Results: Twenty-six patients were evaluated, whose baseline average fatigue score was 22.4, which was significantly higher as compared to controls (average fatigue score = 12.8; P = 0.04). During RT, average fatigue score increased to 30 by 3 weeks (P = 0.02) and rising to 33.2 (P = 0.029) towards the end of RT. Three months following RT, average fatigue score decreased to 22.8 and remained between 23 and 20 at 6 and 12 months respectively. Significant higher fatigue scores were observed in patients with advanced stage (P = 0.000). Lower KPS score did not show significantly higher fatigue scores (P = 0.5).Conclusion: Our study shows that HNC patients suffer greater fatigue than age-matched healthy individuals which is further aggravated by RT. It gradually comes back to the pretreatment level by 3 months following treatment, but does not reach to a normal healthy level even at 12 months following treatment.
Elsa Schiaparelli, The New Woman, and Surrealist Politics
Authors: Sweeney-Risko Jennifer 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Jacques Rancière, in Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics, argues that in making the commodity form into artwork, Surrealism, and modernism in general, transformed every object into a potential piece of art. By fusing popular culture to high art, Surrealism destroyed the boundary that held back the aesthetic from the everyday and flooded the artistic with the commercial. However, Rancière's analysis forgoes the Surrealists’ collaborations with the French couture fashion houses. This paper argues that Elsa Schiaparelli worked together with the Surrealist movement, and Salvador Dali in particular, to formulate a couture style that critiqued traditional modes of femininity while still working within dominant social structures. Their collaborations produced a form of bricolage that, by use of counterpoint, juxtaposed sophisticated couture fashion with images of female sexuality and violence. This relationship assuages Rancière's criticism of Surrealism. By imprinting Surrealist bricolage onto the female body, Schiaparelli and the Surrealists created an aesthetic model that directly related to the New Woman movement of the 1930s without relegating it to mere commodity.
I Mourn the Body Electric:
Authors: Farmer Michial 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSarah Ruhl's play In the Next Room concerns the invention of the vibrator, a topic that in lesser hands could have become a simple sex farce or misandrist screed. Instead, Ruhl uses the historical facts as a springboard for rumination on marriage, breastfeeding, and—what is most important for this article—the dominance of technology in the modern age. The vibrator itself becomes a jumping-off point, a way of tracing the electric era of technology back to its origins in the 1880s, so that Ruhl can demonstrate the extent to which technology continues to control our lives and to propose a way around this dehumanizing hegemony. Ruhl's general attitudes toward technology, I argue, parallel those of the German phenomenologist Martin Heidegger, especially his essays “The Question Concerning Technology” and “The Origin of the Work of Art.” Like Heidegger, Ruhl presents modern electric technology as a force destructive of nature and humanity but resists the temptation to posit any simple dismissal of the modern world as the key to human survival; instead, she presents art as a countervailing force to modern technology, a tool to orient humans toward a proper perspective on Being itself.
Enseñar historia de la infancia a los niños y las niñas: ¿para qué?
Authors: Sosenski Susana 
Published: September 2015

¿Es importante enseñar historia de la infancia en la escuela? ¿Por qué y para qué? En este artículo se plantea que la historia de la infancia puede ser un contenido de gran utilidad en la enseñanza de la historia. La enseñanza de una historia en la que los niños aparezcan como actores sociales y no sólo como sujetos subordinados al poder de los adultos podría facilitar procesos de empatía y provocar que los alumnos adviertan que la participación de las personas de su edad (y no sólo de los adultos) es importante en el devenir social. Si los niños en la escuela solo leen que hay un conjunto de actores que “hacen historia” y que éstos son siempre adultos, podrían pensar que tienen una capacidad muy limitada como niños o adolescentes de participar y transformar la sociedad, incluso podrían creer que su participación como niños no es posible ni deseable. A partir de una mirada desde la disciplina histórica, se plantea una reflexión en torno a la historia de la infancia y a su importancia. Para ello, se analiza la presencia de los niños en los libros de texto gratuitos, las causas de la marginación de los niños en la narrativa histórica escolar, algunas problemáticas sobre la historia de la infancia y la importancia de enseñar la historia de los niños y las niñas. Palabras clave: Historia de la infancia; Enseñanza de la historia; Participación infantil.
Solid‐State Extrusion
Authors: Beloshenko Victor , Beygelzimer Yan , Voznyak Yuri 
Published: September 2015

A brief information is given on solid‐state extrusion (SSE), a method for the attaining a high‐oriented state of polymers, which is based on polymer deformation at temperatures just below the polymer melting point, or for amorphous polymers just above the glass‐transition temperature mainly by pressing through conical or slit dies.SSE is used for shape forming and structure modification of various polymer materials (homopolymers, polymer blends, filled polymer composites) and makes it possible to produce fibers, films, pipes, shapes including those of large cross section and different configurations, possessing high strength stress characteristics.In the paper, the most known SSE versions are considered: These are plunger extrusion and hydrostatic extrusion with the information on the influence of process controlling parameters in the structure and the properties of the processed material.New techniques of SSE are analyzed: These are equal‐channel angular and multiple angular extrusion, twist and planar twist extrusion, which, in contrast to the conventional ones, are based on polymer simple shear, not drawing. The data about specific features of realization of these methods are reported as well as structure evolution and physical and mechanical properties of the processed polymer materials of different structures: glassy and semicrystalline polymers, polymer mixtures, and filled composites.
Electrochromic Polymers
Authors: Ribeiro Adriana S. , Mortimer Roger J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
An electrochromic material is one where a reversible color change takes place upon reduction (gain of electrons) or oxidation (loss of electrons), on passage of electrical current after the application of an appropriate electrode potential. In this article, the general field of electrochromism is introduced, with coverage of the types, applications, and chemical classes of electrochromic materials and the experimental methods that are used in their study. The main classes of electrochromic polymers are then surveyed, with descriptions of representative examples of electrochromic polymers based on transition metal coordination complexes, polymeric viologen systems, and conducting polymers.
Exploring the water storage changes in the largest lake (Selin Co) over the Tibetan Plateau during 2003–2012 from a basin‐wide hydrological modeling
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wang Lei , Zhang Yinsheng , Guo Yanhong , Li Xiuping , Liu Wenbin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLake water storage change (ΔSw) is an important indicator of the hydrologic cycle and greatly influences lake expansion/shrinkage over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Accurate estimation of ΔSw will contribute to improved understanding of lake variations in the TP. Based on a water balance, this study explored the variations of ΔSw for the Lake Selin Co (the largest closed lake on the TP) during 2003–2012 using the Water and Energy Budget‐based Distributed Hydrological Model (WEB‐DHM) together with two different evapotranspiration (ET) algorithms (the Penman‐Monteith method and a simple sublimation estimation approach for water area in unfrozen and frozen period). The contributions of basin discharge and climate causes to the ΔSw are also quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that WEB‐DHM could well reproduce daily discharge, the spatial pattern, and basin‐averaged values of MODIS land surface temperature (LST) during nighttime and daytime. Compared with the ET reference values estimated from the basin‐wide water balance, our ET estimates showed better performance than three global ET products in reproducing basin‐averaged ET. The modeled ET at point scale matches well with short‐term in situ daily measurements (RMSE = 0.82 mm/d). Lake inflows and precipitation over the water area had stronger relationships with ΔSw in the warm season and monthly scale, whereas evaporation from the water area had remarkable effects on ΔSw in the cold season. The total contribution of the three factors to ΔSw was about 90%, and accounting for 49.5%, 22.1%, and 18.3%, respectively.
Kilometer‐scale Kaiser effect identified in Krafla volcano, Iceland
Authors: Heimisson Elías Rafn , Einarsson Páll , Sigmundsson Freysteinn , Brandsdóttir Bryndís 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Krafla rifting episode in 1975–1984, consisted of around 20 inflation‐deflation events within the Krafla caldera, where magma accumulated during inflation periods and was intruded into the transecting fissure swarm during brief periods of deflation. We reanalyze geodetic and seismic data from the rifting episode and perform a time‐dependent inversion of a leveling time series for a spherical point source in an elastic half‐space. Using the volume change as a proxy for stress shows that during inflation periods the seismicity rate remains low until the maximum inflation of previous cycles is exceeded thus exhibiting the Kaiser effect. Our observations demonstrate that this phenomenon, commonly observed in small‐scale experiments, is also produced in kilometer‐scale volcanic deformation. This behavior sheds new light on the relationship between deformation and seismicity of a deforming volcano. As a consequence of the Kaiser effect, a volcano may inflate rapidly without significant changes in seismicity rate.
Magnetospheric line radiation: 6.5 years of observations by the DEMETER spacecraft
Authors: Bezděková B. , Němec F. , Parrot M. , Santolík O. , Kruparova O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFrequency‐time spectrograms of electromagnetic waves observed in the inner magnetosphere in the frequency range of about 1–8 kHz are sometimes formed by several nearly horizontal and almost equidistant intense lines. Such events are called magnetospheric line radiation (MLR). We use a list of 1230 MLR events identified in all the data measured by the low‐altitude satellite Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) during the duration of the mission (2004–2010). We compare the occurrence of MLR events with solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices using a superposed epoch analysis. It is found that MLR events occur more often after periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity, being statistically related to specific solar wind parameters. Moreover, the length of the analyzed time interval allows us to investigate the influence of the solar cycle and the season of the year. The events occur more often during the northern winter and spring than during the northern summer. As for the spatial distribution of the events, they occur less frequently at geomagnetic longitudes of the South Atlantic Anomaly. We analyze energy spectra of electrons precipitating in this area at the times of MLR events, and we derive energy‐latitude plots of electron flux variations related to the MLR occurrence. Finally, we perform a detailed wave analysis of two MLR events for which high‐resolution multicomponent data are available. The events are right‐handed and nearly circularly polarized, propagating at oblique wave normal angles from larger radial distances and larger geomagnetic latitudes.
Incorporating root hydraulic redistribution in CLM4.5: Effects on predicted site and global evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and water storage
Authors: Tang Jinyun , Riley William J. , Niu Jie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe implemented the Amenu‐Kumar model in the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) to simulate plant Root Hydraulic Redistribution (RHR) and analyzed its influence on CLM hydrology from site to global scales. We evaluated two numerical implementations: the first solved the coupled equations of root and soil water transport concurrently, while the second solved the two equations sequentially. Through sensitivity analysis, we demonstrate that the sequentially coupled implementation (SCI) is numerically incorrect, whereas the tightly coupled implementation (TCI) is numerically robust with numerical time steps varying from 1 to 30 min. At the site‐level, we found the SCI approach resulted in better agreement with measured evapotranspiration (ET) at the AmeriFlux Blodgett Forest site, California, whereas the two approaches resulted in equally poor agreement between predicted and measured ET at the LBA Tapajos KM67 Mature Forest site in Amazon, Brazil. Globally, the SCI approach overestimated annual land ET by as much as 3.5 mm d−1 in some grid cells when compared to the TCI estimates. These comparisons demonstrate that TCI is a more robust numerical implementation of RHR. However, we found, even with TCI, that incorporating RHR resulted in worse agreement with measured soil moisture at both the Blodgett Forest and Tapajos sites and degraded the agreement between simulated terrestrial water storage anomaly and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations. We find including RHR in CLM4.5 improved ET predictions compared with the FLUXNET‐MTE estimates north of 20° N but led to poorer predictions in the tropics. The biases in ET were robust and significant regardless of the four different pedotransfer functions or of the two meteorological forcing data sets we applied. We also found that the simulated water table was unrealistically sensitive to RHR. Therefore, we contend that further structural and data improvements are warranted to improve the hydrological dynamics in CLM4.5.