bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and In Vivo Hydrolysis of Amylose–Stearic Acid Complex
Authors: Ai Yongfeng , Zhao Yinsheng , Nelson Bridget , Birt Diane F. , Wang Tong , Jane Jay‐lin 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives of this study were to compare thermal properties, swelling power, and enzymatic hydrolysis of a type 5 resistant starch (RS5) with that of normal corn starch (NCS) and high‐amylose corn starch (HA7). The RS5 was prepared by complexing debranched HA7 with stearic acid (SA). Because of amylose‐helical‐complex formation with SA, the RS5 starch granules showed restricted swelling at 95°C. The RS5 displayed a larger RS content (67.8%) than the HA7 (33.5%) and NCS (0.8%), analyzed following AOAC method 991.43 (AACC International Approved Method 32‐07.01). When the cooked RS5, HA7, and NCS were used to prepare diets for rats with 55% (w/w) starch content, RS contents of the diets were 33.7, 15.8, and 2.6%, respectively. After the diet was fed to the rats in week 1, ≈16% of the starch in the RS5 diet was found in the feces, substantially greater than that of the HA7 diet (≈6%) and NCS diet (0.1%). The percentage of starch not being utilized in the RS5 diet decreased to ≈5% in week 9, which could be partially attributed to fermentation of RS5 by gut microflora. Large proportions (68–99%) of the SA in the RS5 diet were unabsorbed and discharged in the rat feces. The results suggest that the interactions between starch and SA can be used to enhance resistance of starch to in vitro and in vivo digestion.
First Report of Iris yellow spot virus Infecting Allium tuberosum in India
Authors: Gawande S. J. , Gurav V. S. , Ingle A. A. , Gopal J. 
Published: April 2014

Allium tuberosum L., commonly known as garlic chives, is an important spice in northeastern India as well as in many other parts of the world. Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) is an important pathogen of onion (4) and other related Alliums such as garlic (3) and leek (2). During April 2013, symptoms potentially induced by IYSV such as chlorotic and straw-colored spindle-like lesions were observed on leaves of A. tuberosum accession Hanzong Winter (CGN 20779) plants in the wild species garden at the Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research (DOGR), Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Ten plant samples of A. tuberosum were randomly collected from the wild species garden and the upper, middle, and lower portions of the leaves were pooled and tested by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using a commercially available kit (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) for IYSV. All of them showed positive results for IYSV incidence. Total RNA from the ELISA positive leaf samples of A. tuberosum was extracted using the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany). The primer pair IYSV-F (5′-TCAGAAATCGAGAAACTT-3′) and IYSV-R (5′-TAATTATATCTATCTTTCTTGG-3′) (1) was used for RT-PCR. The primer pair was specific to amplify 797 bp of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of IYSV. The amplified product derived from A. tuberosum isolate was purified by QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) and cloned using the vector pDrive (Qiagen). The recombinant clone was sequenced (Accession No. KF624624). Sequence analysis performed on CLC Main Workbench Version 6.8.4 confirmed that the fragment was of IYSV. Nucleotide sequence comparison of our virus with other IYSV isolates revealed that the highest nucleotide identity (99%) was with the IYSV garlic isolate (HM173691) from India. Further, maximum 96% protein identity was with IYSV onion isolate (ACA09432) and garlic isolate (ADK56108) from India. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV naturally occurring on A. tuberosum in India. It is evident from previous studies that IYSV causes significant losses in onions (1) and from this study, that its symptoms have direct impact on quality of garlic chives. Further detailed studies are required to assess the magnitude of the impact of IYSV infection on yield and quality of A. tuberosum. References: (1) A. Bulajic et al. Plant Dis. 93:976, 2009. (2) M. C. Córdoba-Sellés et al. Plant Dis. 91:1365, 2007. (3) S. J. Gawande et al. Plant Dis. 94:1066, 2010. (4) B. Mandal et al. Plant Dis. 96:468, 2012.
First Report of Sweet potato golden vein associated virus Infecting Sweet Potato in Korea
Authors: Kil E.-J. , Kim J. , Byun H.-S. , Kwak H.-R. , Kim M.-K. , Choi H.-S. , Chung M.-N. , Lee S. 
Published: April 2014

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important crops in eastern Asia, including Korea. Consumption of sweet potato is increasing gradually because of its growing reputation as a health food. Recently, outbreaks of viruses infecting sweet potatoes have increased all over the world, probably because sweet potatoes are produced via vegetative propagation (1,2). In Korea, most sweet potatoes in fields have been infected by a begomovirus, Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV), and other viruses such as Sweet potato feathery mottle virus, Sweet potato virus G, and Sweet potato latent virus (3). Many countries have monitored sweet potato virus infections in fields as well as in germplasm collections to select virus-free stocks. In 2013, 20 sweet potato plants showing leaf roll symptoms in Muan, South Korea, were collected and analyzed. Total DNA was isolated from sweet potato leaves (Viral Gene-spin Viral DNA/RNA Extraction Kit, iNtRON Biotechnology, Seongnam, Korea) and viral DNA was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA, TempliPhi Amplification Kit, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden) following the manufacturer's instructions. Amplicons were digested by restriction enzyme SacI (TaKaRa Bio, Shiga, Japan) and products were run on a 1.5% agarose gel. A 2.8-kb DNA fragment was purified from a gel, ligated into a pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI), and sequenced (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). Based on a BLAST search, most of the sequences (36/38) were identified as SPLCV, but two independent clones 2,824 nt in length from sweet potato cv. Sincheonmi were similar to Sweet potato golden vein associated virus (SPGVaV) isolate US:MS:1B-3 (94.38%, GenBank Accession No. HQ333143). The complete genome sequence of the SPGVaV-Korea isolate contained six ORFs, as expected for a typical monopartite begomovirus. The sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number KF803170. SPGVaV is a whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted virus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae). A phylogenetic analysis that included other begomoviruses that infect sweet potato showed SPGVaV-Korea to segregate with other SPGVaV isolates. SPGVaV has previously only been reported in Brazil and the United States (1). This is the first report of SPGVaV in sweet potato outside of the Americas. References: (1) L. C. Albuquerque et al. Virol. J. 9:241, 2012. (2) E. Choi et al. Acta Virol. 56:187, 2012. (3) H. R. Kwak et al. Plant Pathol. J. 22:239, 2006.
First Report of Rust of Plumeria rubra Caused by Coleosporium plumeriae in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Yang Q. Y. , Lin B. R. , Zhang J. X. , Shen H. F. , Pu X. M. , Wang Z. W. , Zeng D. Q. 
Published: April 2014

Plumeria spp. are ornamental trees commonly planted in parks and gardens, and Plumeria rubra cultivars (Frangipani) is most common in Guangdong Province, China. A rust disease of P. rubra was observed on leaves of susceptible plants from August to December 2013. Ten nurseries were surveyed in September 2013, and 91% (220 of 240) of the plumeria plants were infected with rust. Symptoms first appeared as chlorotic spots (about 1 mm in diameter) appearing on adaxial leaf surfaces and then spread to whole leaf, and infection further resulted in leaf necrosis and abscission. Therefore, the ornamental value of diseased trees was greatly diminished. Bright yellow or yellow-orange uredinia were hypophyllous and produced under the epidermis. Urediniospores were catenulate, globose, ovoid or ellipsoid, and sometimes angular in appearance, ranging from 20.0 to 42.0 μm in length by 14.1 to 25.6 μm in width. Their walls were verrucose and 1.3 to 3.2 μm thick. No teliospores were observed. The rust was identified as Coleosporium plumeriae Pat. based on urediniospore morphology (2). Species identity was confirmed with a 1,551-bp sequence (GenBank Accession No. KF879087) of ITS rDNA amplified with rust-specific primers Rust2inv and LR6 (1). The amplicon had a 100% similarity to C. plumeriae (GU145555). Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying a urediniospores suspension (15,000 spores ml−1) on five plants of P. rubra cultivar. Five leaves of each plant were inoculated and sealed in plastic bags, while five control plants were applied with sterile water. Plants were held at 28°C for 36 h in a dew chamber. All inoculated leaves developed typical rust symptoms with the uredinia appearing after 9 days, no symptoms developed on any control plants. Urediniospores were produced on infected leaves and pathogen identity was confirmed by morphology and re-sequencing of the ITS rDNA. Plumeria rust was first found in Hong Kong (4) and then in Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, China (3). However, this is the first report of plumeria rust in Guangdong Province, China. Frangipani has large, colorful flowers in the summer, and this rapidly spreading disease causes severe damage and affects their aesthetic value in the second half of the year. References: (1) M. C. Aime. Mycoscience 47:112, 2006. (2) N. Patouillard. Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 18:171, 1902. (3) Q. Wang et al. New Dis. Rep. 23, doi:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2011.023.010, 2011. (4) J. Yan et al. Mycosystema 25:327, 2006 (in Chinese).
Plural forms of governance in the beef industry: a case study in Brazil
Authors: José Carrer Marcelo , Meirelles de Souza Filho Hildo , de Melo Brandão Vinholis Marcela 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the forms of coordinating transactions used by a large beef slaughterhouse and processing companies and their suppliers of beef cattle, and to identify the reasons for the adoption of plural forms of governance for their transactions with cattle suppliers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study format was selected for this investigation. The focal company selected offers a large number of products derived from beef for different commercialisation channels in the domestic and foreign market. A non-probability sample of 30 suppliers (cattle farmers) of the focal company provided data on finished steers sold in 2010, according to the three types of governance used in the transactions (spot market, forward contracts and long-term contracts).

Findings
– The simultaneous use of more than one type of governance structure to coordinate similar transactions has been termed plural forms of governance in the literature. In Brazil, new forms of governance, such as formal and informal contracts, have been adopted for transactions between beef processing companies and cattle farmers, in addition to the use of spot market and vertical integration. It has been shown that the adoption of plural forms reduces the risk of complex transactions; and is a strategy to deal with unpredictable institutional environments and high heterogeneity of both suppliers and distribution channels.

Research limitations/implications
– The research provides empirical evidence of plural forms of governance, as well as the reasons for the adoption of this strategy by firms, which contributes to the ongoing theoretical discussion on this subject.

Practical implications
– The paper has implications for company supply chain management.

Originality/value
– This paper presents theoretical review on plural forms of governance, new empirical evidence and determinant factors for their adoption.
Perceptions of healthy eating in transitional phases of life
Authors: Bech-Larsen Tino , Kazbare Laura 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Although adolescents and older adults are often targets for nutritional change interventions, little has been done to explore how people in these transitional life phases perceive the matter themselves. The aim of this paper is to explore and compare adolescents' and older adults' own perceptions of the barriers and facilitators of a change towards healthier eating.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study design consisted of four focus groups that were conducted with adolescents and older adults to identify their health orientations, and their expected and experienced outcomes and self-efficacies in implementing approach and avoidance behaviours in relation to healthy eating, i.e. increasing consumption of fruit and vegetables and decreasing consumption of soft drinks and red meat.

Findings
– The study resulted in a number of interesting insights, e.g. that older and younger participants alike: were keen not to seem “overly healthy” to their important others, had a demonstratively detached orientation towards healthy eating and felt that their diets were generally healthy (although this was generally disproved by their self-reported intake data).

Originality/value
– The study and findings reported in this article contribute by providing the first steps towards a better understanding of how social cognition and self-efficacy perceptions related to healthy eating develop in the transitional phases of adolescence and older adulthood. In order to complement and validate the findings of the study; and with the aim of facilitating efficient nutritional change interventions directed at adolescents and older people, further studies should be conducted.
Demand for safety and regional certification of food
Authors: Doherty Edel , Campbell Danny 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the relationship between consumer demand for enhanced food safety features and regional identification of food amongst consumers across Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland.Design/methodology/approach– The paper uses the choice experiment method to determine preferences for food testing standards, traceability standards, health and welfare standards, region of origin and price.Findings– The results show that substantial differences exist in preferences for the features between consumers in both countries. In addition, while stark differences are apparent between the two countries, in their preferences for food originating from their local region, the results suggest that consumers perceive significant substitutability between the enhanced safety features and the local regional label in both countries.Originality/value– This paper provides a unique insight into preferences for a wide range of enhanced food safety features amongst consumers in these two countries. This is the first study to undertake a comparison of these countries using the choice experiment method. In addition, the paper provides a thorough overview of how consumers perceive the relationship between enhanced safety features and region of origin of food.
Method development for the cyclic characterization of thin copper layers for PCB applications
Authors: Fellner K. , Fuchs P.F. , Pinter G. , Antretter T. , Krivec T. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The overall aim of this research work was the improvement of the failure behavior of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In order to describe the mechanical behavior of PCBs under cyclic thermal loads, thin copper layers were characterized. The mechanical properties of these copper layers were determined in cyclic four-point bend tests and in cyclic tensile-compression tests, as their behavior under changing tensile and compression loads needed to be evaluated.Design/methodology/approach– Specimens for the four-point bend tests were manufactured by bonding 18-μm-thick copper layers on both sides of 10-mm-thick silicone plates. The silicone was characterized in tensile, shear and blow-up tests to provide input data for a hyperelastic material model. Specimens for the cyclic tensile-compression tests were produced in a compression molding process. Four layers of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (thickness 90 μm) and five layers of copper (thickness 60 μm) were applied.Findings– The results showed that, due to the hyperelastic material behavior of silicone, the four-point bend tests were applicable only for small strains, while the cyclic tensile-compression tests could successfully be applied to characterize thin copper foils in tensile and compression up to 1 percent strain.Originality/value– Thin copper layers (foils) could be characterized successfully under cyclic tensile and compression loads.
An investigation into the effect of surplus free cash flow, corporate governance and firm size on earnings predictability
Authors: Ahmed AL-Dhamari Redhwan , Nor Izah Ku Ismail Ku 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Existing studies on corporate governance mainly focus on how a strong governance system enhances the valuation of firms with cash holding or free cash flow agency problem. The aims of this paper are threefold. First, it investigates the impact of surplus free cash flows (SFCF) on earnings predictability. Second, it investigates whether corporate governance variables moderate the negative impact of SFCF on earnings predictability. Finally, this study examines whether the ability of corporate governance to mitigate SFCF and improve the predictive value of earnings varies between large and small firms.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses heteroskedasticity-corrected least square regressions upon a sample of Malaysian listed firms.

Findings
– This paper finds that firms with high SFCF experience less earnings predictability. It also indicates that earnings of firms with high SFCF are more predictable when institutional investors hold a large stake of shares and when a chairperson is independent. Finally, this paper reveals that the role of institutional and managerial ownership in mitigating agency conflict of free cash flow and improving earnings predictability is more prominent in larger firms. This study implies that investors still have reservations about the ability of boards to enhance earnings numbers in Malaysia, although efforts were taken to reform the corporate governance mechanisms following the Asian financial crisis.

Originality/value
– This research is considered as the first attempt to examine the relationships between SFCF, corporate governance, firm size, and earnings predictability in a developing county such as Malaysia. The findings of this paper serve as a wake-up call to policy makers to evaluate the importance of governance structure in enhancing earnings predictability in emerging economies.
Socio-moral climate, debate, and decision comprehensiveness interplay for team innovation
Authors: Seyr Sarah , Vollmer Albert 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to address both the socio-moral climate and how teams process debate and decision comprehensiveness as pre-conditions for team innovation.Design/methodology/approach– A total of 67 teams comprising 413 participants were surveyed. Data were analyzed with a multiple-step multiple-mediation procedure.Findings– The socio-moral climate was positively related to innovation. The positive relation between the socio-moral climate and innovation was mediated stepwise through debate and decision comprehensiveness.Research limitations/implications– To overcome the limitations of a cross-sectional design, future research opportunities exist in the longitudinal evaluation of participatory socio-moral climates and comparisons between organizations. Debate and decision comprehensiveness can be further studied using behavior-based methodological designs, such as observation.Practical implications– From this study, practitioners can learn of the needs and opportunities for participative approaches when managing innovation in teams. Promoting a socio-moral climate of cooperation, communication, openness, appreciation, trust and respect and leaving open the possibility that debating can help integrative decision comprehensiveness and thus innovation.Originality/value– This paper expands the literature on organizational climate, debate, decision comprehensiveness, and innovation. On the one hand, the results empirically linked the socio-moral climate, a theoretically well-founded climate construct, to process variables. On the other hand, the literature on debate and decision comprehensiveness was expanded by adding the socio-moral climate as a pre-condition of debate and decision comprehensiveness. Furthermore, both were linked to a crucial outcome variable, innovation.
Improving change management: how communication nature influences resistance to change
Authors: Matos Marques Simoes Paula , Esposito Mark 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– Little has been studied yet in terms of how communication nature influences change process. The purpose of this paper is to explore a case study that takes part in a broader research project, aimed to contribute in this direction.Design/methodology/approach– Mix methodology has been applied to the findings, to characterize resistance to change and communication nature within one organization under a radical change process.Findings– One main theoretical contribution is an instrumental grid to characterize dialogic communication nature.Originality/value– Findings of the case study originally indicate that resistance to change reduces under dialogic communication and by revealing how communication dimensions perform in time, practitioners may enhance guidelines to effective change communication management.
Management learning, performance and reward: theory and practice revisited
Authors: Rowland Caroline , Hall Roger 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which organizational learning is recognized through performance management systems as contributing to organizational effectiveness and competitive advantage.

Design/methodology/approach
– It reviews several pieces of research, employing a wide range of methods, including: content analysis of managers’ reflections; questionnaires completed by managers and mentors; a large-scale survey involving ethnography, interviews and questionnaires; and analysis of documents from professional bodies and management delivery centres.

Findings
– Genuine integration of individual and organizational goals or transfer of learning from the individual to the organization is not evident. Few qualitative measures of organizational performance are employed. The impact of metrics such as IIP or EFQM on organizational effectiveness is nor discernible. Management learning and development is rarely measured even when it is encouraged by the organization. There is a clear divide between research, teaching and learning and workplace practice. Performance management systems create perceptions of unreliability and inequity.

Research limitations/implications
– Espousing the value of learning and learning to learn, measuring them accurately and rewarding them with meaningful changes to working life can only improve organizational effectiveness. Research into the few organizations that have successfully embraced triple loop learning in their development of managers may offer a template for transformational learning to sustain competitive advantage.

Originality/value
– Management development processes have been successful in developing individuals but less successful in achieving organizational development. This paper offers new insights into that gap and the omissions in the metrics by which performance is measured.