bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion and Mood: Over 120 Years of Contemplation and Exploration inThe American Journal of Psychology
Authors: Altarriba Jeanette 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEmotional states derived from stimuli such as visual objects, scenes, and films, linguistic input such as words and phrases, and other inputs such as music and humor have been examined over many decades in an attempt to understand how feelings are aroused and, in turn, how they influence behavior. From early introspectionists to modern-day social, clinical, and cognitive researchers studying the ways in which affect is derived from everyday conscious and unconscious experiences and how those experiences frame our perceptions for processing future encounters with emotional stimuli, over 120 years of work has been reported in The American Journal of Psychology. The current article provides an overview of the more salient and influential of those works and articulates the ways in which the reported findings influence our current explorations of emotion and mood.
The Vital Role of The American Journal of Psychology in the Early and Continuing History of Mental Chronometry
Authors: O’Shea Geoffrey , Bashore, Theodore R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The American Journal of Psychology (AJP) was founded in 1887 by G. Stanley Hall during what Edwin G. Boring (1950) called the Period of Mental Chronometry and, consistent with the prevailing interests of the time, featured articles of relevance to scientists in this research domain. Contained in the early volumes of AJP were several articles that examined what have become some of the enduring issues faced by researchers studying the structure and timing of mental processing using reaction time (RT) procedures. Collectively, RT research published in AJP during its early years contributed to establishing mental chronometry as an important subfield of psychology. From 1900 to 1950 interest in mental chronometry waned, during what has been called its Dark Age. Nonetheless, interest in the effects of factors such as age and intelligence on total RT continued unabated. Numerous articles pertinent to these effects appeared in AJP. Finally, with the publication of Neisser’s (1963) seminal work on visual search, AJP played an important role in reviving interest in mental chronometry in the latter half of the 20th century and continues in its 125th year of existence to contribute pertinent articles on contemporary research in mental chronometry.
Neuropsychological Status in Older Adults Influences Susceptibility to False Memories
Authors: Meade Michelle L. , Geraci Lisa D. , Roediger, Henry L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In 2 experiments we examined the influence of frontal lobe function on older adults’ susceptibility to false memory in a categorized list paradigm. Using a neuropsychological battery of tests developed by Glisky, Polster, and Routhieaux (1995), we designated older adults as having high- or low-frontal function. Young and older adults studied and were tested on categorized lists using free report cued recall and forced report cued recall instructions, with the latter requiring participants to produce responses even if they had to guess. Under free report cued recall instructions, frontal lobe function was a strong predictor of false memories in older adults: Older adults who scored low on tests of frontal functioning demonstrated much higher levels of false recall than younger adults, whereas levels of false recall in high-frontal older adults were more similar to those of young adults. However, after forced report cued recall, high- and low-frontal older adults performed similarly to each other, and both demonstrated higher levels of false recall than young adults. On a final recognition test, high-frontal older adults in both the free report cued recall and forced report cued recall conditions were more successful than low- frontal older adults in using source information to reduce memory errors. The results indicate that older adults show higher levels of false recall than younger adults, but type of test (free report or forced report) and neuropsychological status of older adults mediate these effects. Low-frontal older adults are particularly susceptible to producing false memories on free report tests that entail source monitoring.
Analyzing the Components of Face-Name Forgetting Across 4 Weeks
Authors: Groninger Lowell D. , Guardado J. Luis 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The present studies investigated forgetting processes across 4 weeks of names learned in response to faces. Our theoretical model assumes that there were 4 separate but interdependent aspects to a learned face-name unit. Each of these components (faces, names, face-name connections, and encoding cues to names that are stored during the original learning of names) has different forgetting rates across time. During retrieval, successful matching of faces with names depends on available memories for the first 3 components, whereas available memories for all 4 are necessary for successful recall of names. Results of the first study showed different forgetting curves for the 4 components, particularly the latter 2. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that cues associated with faces that serve as later retrieval cues for the recall of names are forgotten more quickly than face-name connections used to make identifying matches, and there was a very strong relationship between congruent cues at encoding and retrieval and the ability to recall target names after a 4-week interval. These results suggest that a profitable way to look at the learning of faces and names is to look at the components that break apart during forgetting.
A semantic and pragmatic approach to verb particle constructions used in cartoons and puns
Authors: Naoui Khir Abdeljalil 
Published: November 2012

Author/s
Abdeljalil Naoui KhirVirginia Military Institute, USA

ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to discuss a special type of verb particle construction in English; namely, phrasal verbs used in cartoons and puns. Granted that the meaning of phrasal verbs may range from literal to idiomatic, their use in cartoons is artistically and linguistically exploited through a combination of verbal and non-verbal cues to convey humor, satire and fun. Our assumption is that this combination rests on the premise that a double reading of phrasal verbs in certain cartoons and puns is possible. To illustrate this, a sample of cartoons using phrasal verbs and puns (taken from www.ecenglish.com, English Teacher Online LLC) will be analyzed showing how the correspondence between the cartoon as a visual mode and the phrasal verb as a linguistic form can yield both literal interpretations and idiomatic ones. Phrasal verbs are also shown to violate Gricean maxims and to depend largely, in their interpretation, on extra linguistic factors.
Antiviral activity of dolutegravir in subjects with failure on an integrase inhibitor‐based regimen: week 24 phase 3 results from VIKING‐3
Authors: Nichols G , Mills A , Grossberg R , Lazzarin A , Maggiolo F , Molina J , Pialoux G , Wright D , Ait‐Khaled M , Huang J , Vavro C , Wynne B , Yeo J 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundVIKING‐3 aimed to examine efficacy and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg twice daily in patients with resistance to multiple ARV classes, including integrase inhibitors (INI).MethodsRAL and/or EVG‐resistant (current or historical) adult subjects with screening plasma HIV‐1 RNA ≥500 c/mL and resistance to ≥2 other ART classes received open‐label DTG 50 mg BID while continuing their failing regimen (without RAL/EVG). At Day 8 the background regimen was optimised and DTG continued. Activity of the optimized background regimen (OBR) was determined by Monogram Net Assessment. Primary endpoints were antiviral efficacy at Day 8 and Week 24.Results183 subjects enrolled, 124 with INI‐resistance at screening and 59 with historical (but no screening) resistance. Population was advanced: at BL, median CD4 140, prior ART 13 yrs, 56% CDC Class C; 79% had >2 NRTI, 75% >1 NNRTI, and 70% >2 PI resistance‐associated mutations, and 61% had non‐R5 HIV detected. Of the 114 subjects who had the opportunity to complete 24 weeks on study before data cutoff, 72 (63%) had <50 c/mL RNA at Week 24 (SNAPSHOT algorithm). Mean HIV RNA declined by 1.4 log10 c/mL (95% CI: 1.3, 1.5; p < 0.001) at Day 8; response differed by genotype pathway (Table).

Primary INI mutations at BL
N
Mean HIV RNA (log 10) Change from BL (SD) at Day 8
%>1 log HIV RNA decline of <50 c/mL at Day 8

TOTAL
183
−1.4 (0.61)
82%

T66
1
−1.9
100%

Y143
28
−1.7 (0.42)
96%

N155
33
−1.4 (0.51)
82%

Q148 + ≤1 secondary mutation#
32
−1.1 (0.51)
69%

Q148 + ≥2 secondary mutations#
20
−1.0 (0.81)
48%

≥2 primary mutations
8
−1.4 (0.76)
75%

No primary mutations
60
−1.6 (0.55)
95%

Key secondary mutations comprised G140_ACS, L741, E138_AKT.

In subjects with Q148 pathway mutations, virologic response decreased with increasing number of secondary mutations. Background overall susceptibility score (OSS) was not associated with Wk 24 response: % <50 c/mL were 83%, 63%, 59% and 69% for OSS 0, 1, 2 and >2, respectively. Discontinuations due to adverse events were uncommon (6/183, 3%); the most common drug‐related AEs were diarrhoea, nausea and headache, each reported in only 5% of subjects.ConclusionA majority of the highly treatment‐experienced subjects in VIKING‐3 achieved suppression with DTG‐based therapy. Responses were associated with Baseline IN genotype but not OSS, highlighting the importance and independence of DTG antiviral activity. DTG had a low rate of discontinuation due to adverse events at 50 mg BID in this advanced patient population.
Selection in culture of HIV resistance to dolutegravir by mutations at integrase positions R263K and H51Y that diminish viral replication fitness
Authors: Mesplede T , Quashie P , Oliveira M , Underwood M , Wang R , Fujiwara T , Seki T , Wainberg M 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyWe selected for resistance in tissue culture against dolutegravir (DTG), a second‐generation HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor, which is now in phase 2/3 clinical trials, in order to try to characterize the resistance profile of this compound.MethodsHIV‐1 of different subtypes was grown in both MT‐2 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells over protracted periods, with the concentration of DTG being incrementally increased from an initial concentration of 0.05 nM, i.e. 4 times less than the EC50. After a total of 6 months of growth, a final drug concentration of 50–100 nM was achieved, beyond which virus could no longer be grown. Viral DNA was then sequenced to reveal the presence of mutations that might confer resistance to DTG. The biological relevance of these mutations was confirmed through site‐directed mutagenesis experiments in which individual mutations or combinations of mutations were studied in comparison with wild‐type (wt) virus in tissue culture and with recombinant HIV integrase enzyme in biochemical assays.Summary of resultsThe most common integrase resistance mutation to arise in subtype B and recombinant A/G viruses was R263K followed by H51Y. In the case of subtype C viruses, the most common mutation was G118R followed by H51Y. The presence of R263K alone conferred an approximate 3–6‐fold level of resistance to DTG in culture, a 30% drop in levels of recombinant integrase strand transfer activity, as well as an approximate 20–30% loss in viral replicative capacity. Biochemical experiments indicated that the t½ residency times of DTG for subtype B and C viruses for wt integrase were 26 h and 38 h, respectively, and for R263K, 16h and 22h, respectively. In contrast, H51Y by itself did not significantly affect either strand transfer activity or resistance to DTG. However, the combination of R263K together with H51Y led to an increase in levels of DTG resistance to about 15‐fold accompanied by an ~50% loss in both viral replication capacity and integrase strand transfer activity.ConclusionsR263K and H51Y can combine to augment levels of resistance to DTG yet result in a more severe attenuation of viral replication capacity and integrase strand transfer activity than R263K alone. These data suggest that viruses containing both mutations may be at a severe replicative disadvantage and help to explain why primary resistance to DTG is so rare to arise in clinical studies performed to date.
Pregnant women with HIV on ART in Europe: how many achieve the aim of undetectable viral load at term and are able to deliver vaginally?
Authors: Aebi‐Popp K , Mulcahy F , Glass T , Rudin C , de Tejada B Martinez , Bertisch B , Grawe C , Scheibner K , Hoesli I , Thorne C 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyMother‐to‐child transmission rates in Europe are below 1% in HIV‐infected women on successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) irrespective of mode of delivery. Consequently, most national guidelines updated between 2001 and 2009 recommended vaginal deliveries for women with undetectable or very low viral load (VL). The aim of this study was to explore the impact of these new guidelines on the rates of vaginal deliveries following complete viral suppression on cART.MethodsA pooled analysis of data on HIV‐1‐positive women enrolled in the Swiss Mother & Child HIV Cohort Study and the European Collaborative Study with a live birth between 2000 and 2010 was carried out. Deliveries were classified as occurring pre‐ or post‐publication of national guidelines recommending vaginal delivery in women with low/ undetectable VL for each country.Summary of resultsOverall, 2527 mothers, 2848 deliveries and 2903 births were included from 10 countries. The women were mostly Caucasian (44%) or black (47%) and had a median age of 31 at the time of delivery. They were diagnosed with HIV a median of 3.3 years before pregnancy and 84% were CDC stage A with a median CD4 cell count of 450 cells/mm3. 17% reported a history of injecting‐drug use (IDU) and 3% current IDU. 29% of women conceived on cART, 63% started in pregnancy and 8% received no antenatal ART. The most common regimen used was PI based cART (50%). Of the deliveries, elective caesarean section (CS) was carried out in 58%, emergency CS in 17% and vaginal delivery in 23%. Of 1869 women with a VL measure within the last trimester of pregnancy, only 65% had undetectable HIV‐RNA. Overall, 21% of all deliveries occurring before the guideline change were vaginal, increasing to 48% subsequently. The proportion of women with undetectable VL having a CS decreased from 29% before to 13% after the guidelines update.ConclusionsNearly half of all deliveries subsequent to European guideline changes were vaginal. Nevertheless, there are missed opportunities to achieve fully suppressed viral load at time of delivery and to deliver vaginally in HIV infected women. Further evaluation of treatment regimens, adherence data and barriers to treatment is planned within these cohorts.
On Proton Conductivity in Porous and Dense Yttria Stabilized Zirconia at Low Temperature
Authors: Scherrer Barbara , Schlupp Meike V.F. , Stender Dieter , Martynczuk Julia , Grolig Jan G. , Ma Huan , Kocher Peter , Lippert Thomas , Prestat Michel , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of dense and nanoporous zirconia‐based thin films is compared to results obtained on bulk yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramics. Different thin film preparation methods are used in order to vary grain size, grain shape, and porosity of the thin films. In porous films, a rather high conductivity is found at room temperature which decreases with increasing temperature to 120 °C. This conductivity is attributed to proton conduction along physisorbed water (Grotthuss mechanism) at the inner surfaces. It is highly dependent on the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. At temperatures above 120 °C, the conductivity is thermally activated with activation energies between 0.4 and 1.1 eV. In this temperature regime the conduction is due to oxygen ions as well as protons. Proton conduction is caused by hydroxyl groups at the inner surface of the porous films. The effect vanishes above 400 °C, and pure oxygen ion conductivity with an activation energy of 0.9 to 1.3 eV prevails. The same behavior can also be observed in nanoporous bulk ceramic YSZ. In contrast to the nanoporous YSZ, fully dense nanocrystalline thin films only show oxygen ion conductivity, even down to 70 °C with an expected activation energy of 1.0 ± 0.1 eV. No proton conductivity through grain boundaries could be detected in these nanocrystalline, but dense thin films.
An In Situ Simultaneous Reduction‐Hydrolysis Technique for Fabrication of TiO2‐Graphene 2D Sandwich‐Like Hybrid Nanosheets: Graphene‐Promoted Selectivity of Photocatalytic‐Driven Hydrogenation and Coupling of CO2 into Methane and Ethane
Authors: Tu Wenguang , Zhou Yong , Liu Qi , Yan Shicheng , Bao Shanshan , Wang Xiaoyong , Xiao Min , Zou Zhigang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel, in situ simultaneous reduction‐hydrolysis technique (SRH) is developed for fabrication of TiO2‐‐graphene hybrid nanosheets in a binary ethylenediamine (En)/H2O solvent. The SRH technique is based on the mechanism of the simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into graphene by En and the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles through hydrolysis of titanium (IV) (ammonium lactato) dihydroxybis, subsequently in situ loading onto graphene through chemical bonds (Ti–O–C bond) to form 2D sandwich‐like nanostructure. The dispersion of TiO2 hinders the collapse and restacking of exfoliated sheets of graphene during reduction process. In contrast with prevenient G‐TiO2 nanocomposites, abundant Ti3+ is detected on the surface of TiO2 of the present hybrid, caused by reducing agent En. The Ti3+ sites on the surface can serve as sites for trapping photogenerated electrons to prevent recombination of electron–hole pairs. The high photocatalytic activity of G‐TiO2 hybrid is confirmed by photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to valuable hydrocarbons (CH4 and C2H6) in the presence of water vapor. The synergistic effect of the surface‐Ti3+ sites and graphene favors the generation of C2H6, and the yield of the C2H6 increases with the content of incorporated graphene. The work may open a new doorway for new significant application of graphene for selectively catalytic C–C coupling reaction
Electrocatalytic Properties of Carbosilane‐Based Hyperbranched Polymers Functionalized with Interacting Ferrocenyl Units
Authors: de la Cruz Gonzalo , Schüle Hanna , Losada José , García‐Armada M. Pilar , Frey Holger , Alonso Beatriz , Casado Carmen M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwo types of hyperbranched ferrocene‐containing polycarbosilanes were obtained by hydrosilylation of polydiallylmethylsilane (hb‐PDAMS) and polymethyldiundecenylsilane (hb‐PMDUS) with diferrocenylmethylsilane. The redox properties of both polymers have been investigated both in solution and confined onto platinum electrodes. The electrocatalytic activity of polymer‐modified electrodes toward the reduction of oxygen as well as the electrochemical reduction and oxidation of hydrogen peroxide has been examined.
The Formal Total Synthesis of FR252921 – An Immunosuppressant
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Sengupta Sandip 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe formal total synthesis of FR252921 is described. The key steps include the preparation of three fragments starting from 1,4‐butanediol, (R)‐malic acid, and prenol, respectively, followed by two consecutive peptide couplings of the three fragments. Other key steps involve an allene‐type rearrangement or enyne isomerization to install the triene moiety, a Seebach methylation, a Julia olefination to construct the trisubstituted diene unit, and an enzymatic resolution strategy to generate the C‐18 stereocenter.
A novel synergistic effect of iron depletion on antiangiogenic cancer therapy
Authors: Ohara Toshiaki , Noma Kazuhiro , Urano Shinichi , Watanabe Shinichiro , Nishitani Seishi , Tomono Yasuko , Kimura Fumiaki , Kagawa Shunsuke , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIron is an essential element for both normal and cancer cells in humans. Treatment to reduce iron levels has been shown to suppress tumor growth in vivo. However, iron depletion monotherapy by iron decreased treatment has not been thought to be superior to ordinary chemotherapy and is not part of the standard therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Iron depletion is also known to reduce serum hemoglobin and oxygen supply to the tissue, which indicates that iron depletion may induce angiogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that iron depletion with antiangiogenic therapy can have a novel therapeutic effect in the treatment of cancer. Human nonsmall cell carcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299 were used in our study. An iron‐deficient diet and an iron chelator were used to simulate an iron‐depleted condition. The antitumor effects of iron depletion and antiangiogenic therapy were determined on A549 xenograft mice. The iron‐depleted condition produced by an iron‐deficient diet suppressed tumor growth. Tumor tissue from the iron‐deficient diet group showed that cancer cell proliferation was suppressed and hypoxia was induced. Microvessel density of this group was increased which suggested that the iron‐depleted condition induced angiogenesis. Bevacizumab administration had a synergetic effect on inhibiting the tumor growth on Day 39. An iron‐depleted condition inhibited cancer cell proliferation and reciprocally induced angiogenesis. Bevacizumab synergistically enhanced the iron‐depleted antitumor effect. Treatment to deplete iron levels combined with anti‐angiogenic therapy could induce a novel therapeutic effect in the treatment of cancer.
Comparison of two commercial ELISA systems for evaluating anti‐EBNA1 IgG titers
Authors: Dobson Ruth , Topping Joanne , Giovannoni Gavin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHigh IgG titers against the Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen, EBNA‐1, have been strongly correlated with the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. ELISAs are used frequently to measure EBNA‐1 titers, however concerns remain regarding the accuracy of results. Ordering absolute results into rank quintiles for analysis may be preferable. Using 120 serum samples, two commercially available ELISAs (produced by DiaSorin and VirionSerion) were compared, both in terms of absolute results and rank quintiles. The positive predictive value of the VirionSerion ELISA was 99.1% when compared to the DiaSorin ELISA, however, the negative predictive value was 64.3%. Sensitivity and specificity were acceptable at 95.5% and 90.0%, respectively. There was poor correlation between absolute results, R2 = 0.49; and the kappa coefficient for rank quintiles was low at 0.23. Although sensitivity and specificity appear adequate, the poor negative predictive value and kappa coefficient are of major concern. Care must be taken when selecting assays for experimental use. J. Med. Virol. 85:128–131, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.