bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term evolution of large-scale magnetic fields in rotating stratified convection
Authors: Masada Youhei , Sano Takayoshi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Convective dynamo simulations are performed in local Cartesian geometry. We report the first successful simulation of a large-scale oscillatory dynamo in rigidly rotating convection without stably stratified layers. A key requirement for exciting the large-scale dynamo is a sufficiently long integration time comparable to the ohmic diffusion time. By comparing two models with and without stably stratified layers, their effect on the large-scale dynamo is also studied. The spatiotemporal evolution of the large-scale magnetic field is similar in both models. However, it is intriguing that the magnetic cycle is much shorter in the model without the stable layer than with the stable layer. This suggests that the stable layer impedes the cyclic variations of the large-scale magnetic field.
Centre-to-limb spectro-polarimetric diagnostics of simulated solar photospheric magneto-convection: Signatures of photospheric Alfvén waves
Authors: Shelyag Sergiy , Przybylski Damien 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Using numerical simulations of the magnetized solar photosphere carried out with the radiative magneto-hydrodynamic code, MURaM, and detailed spectro-polarimetric diagnostics of the simulated photospheric 6302 Å Fe i line, spectro-polarimetric signatures of Alfvén waves in magnetized intergranular lanes of the simulated solar photosphere were analysed at different positions at the solar disk. The torsional Alfvén waves in the intergranular lanes are horizontal plasma motions, which do not have a thermal perturbation counterpart. We find signatures of Alfvén waves as small-scale line profile Doppler shifts and Stokes-V area asymmetry enhancements in the simulated off-disk centre observations. These photospheric features disappear when the simulated observations are degraded with a telescope point spread function (PSF) similar to the one of Hinode. We analyse the possibilities for direct observations and confirmation of Alfvén wave presence in the solar photosphere.
Leadership practices influencing stakeholder satisfaction in Thai SMEs
Authors: Suriyankietkaew Suparak , Avery Gayle C. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the leadership and management practices that positively affect stakeholder satisfaction, an under-studied area important for both academic researchers and leaders. Relationships between 23 leadership and management practices and overall stakeholder satisfaction (OSS) were examined.Design/methodology/approach– Avery and Bergsteiner ' s (2010, 2011a) sustainable leadership (SL) model provided the theoretical framework for a cross-sectional survey research design used to gather empirical data from 439 managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand.Findings– Results show all SL practices except financial market orientation were significantly related to OSS, and the more an organisation adopts significant SL practices, the higher the OSS is likely to be. The particular SL practices that positively predicted enhanced OSS were amicable labour relations, staff retention, strong and shared vision, strategic and systemic innovation, and high staff engagement and quality.Research limitations/implications– Future research should further examine relationships between SL practices and a range of organisational performance outcomes in different contexts, as well as the relationship between SL practices and sustainable human resource management (SHRM), and between SHRM and stakeholder satisfaction.Practical implications– The findings provide guidance on which SL practices to adopt for managers of SMEs in Thailand and possibly in other countries, who wish to improve their stakeholder satisfaction and sustain their business success.Social implications– Policy makers may gain insights into practices that drive performance in SMEs, a strong force in many economies.Originality/value– This study extends current knowledge of leadership and management practices that positively predict enhanced stakeholder satisfaction, an area in which empirical evidence has to date been largely lacking.
Sustainability: the missing element in performance management
Authors: Maley Jane 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The performance management process has typically focussed on the achievement of short-term financial goals and ignored longer-term broader goals such human, social and environmental goals. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, the purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits of a broader approach to performance management that offers a balance of organizational financial goals with positive human and social outcomes. Specifically, the paper reviews the adoption of a sustainable human resources (HR) approach to performance management.Design/methodology/approach– This conceptual study considers the effect of the firm ' s short-term financial focus on the multinational corporation ' s (MNC ' s) performance management process.Findings– The study finds a performance management process with a short-term financial ultimately ignores the developmental needs of the employee.Research limitations/implications– In future studies that include empirical data and in particular longitudinal data should be considered so as to examine changes to employee performance management behaviors due to the implementation of a sustainable approach to performance management.Social implications– The study shows that the adoption of a sustainable HR approach to performance management incorporates a balance of organizational financial goals with positive human and social outcome, both of which are necessary to achieve and sustain superior long-term organizational performance.Originality/value– The study suggests that when a MNC uses a sustainable HR approach, the performance management process is highly likely to make a stronger contribution to MNC effectiveness. The outcome is a balance between organizational financial outcomes and provision for employees. Performance managing people in organizations in a sustainable way, could prove to be strong source of competitive advantage. Hence, this study makes a central contribution to HR scholarship.
Finding a crack's position and its parameters on the basis of non-destructive testing, using eddy currents
Authors: Jesenik Marko , Hamler Anton , Beković Miloš , Trlep Mladen 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to find the geometry of a crack within a conductive plate and its parameters, on the basis of non-destructive testing, using eddy currents. The input data represents the measured values of magnetic flux density within the centre of the excitation coil.

Design/methodology/approach
– The position of a crack can be determined by taking into consideration any change in the magnetic flux density between the measured points. The depth and width are determined through the use of a finite element model.

Findings
– These calculations are the basis for determining a function that explains how magnetic flux density changes if the depth or width has changed. Jacobi's matrix is calculated using the determined functions’ analytical derivatives.

Originality/value
– After wards, through the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure using the finite element method calculation results, the crack-depth and width can be obtained, this being one of the objectives in this paper. The suitability of the presented method was verified by the experimental example.
Lorentz force eddy current testing: a novel NDE-technique
Authors: Brauer Hartmut , Porzig Konstantin , Mengelkamp Judith , Carlstedt Matthias , Ziolkowski Marek , Toepfer Hannes 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a novel electromagnetic non-destructive evaluation technique, so called Lorentz force eddy current testing (LET). This method can be applied for the detection and reconstruction of defects lying deep inside a non-magnetic conducting material.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper the technique is described in general as well as its experimental realization. Besides that, numerical simulations are performed and compared to experimental data. Using the output data of measurements and simulations, an inverse calculation is performed in order to reconstruct the geometry of a defect by means of sophisticated optimization algorithms.

Findings
– The results show that measurement data and numerical simulations are in a good agreement. The applied inverse calculation methods allow to reconstruct the dimensions of the defect in a suitable accuracy.

Originality/value
– LET overcomes the frequency dependent skin-depth of traditional eddy current testing due to the use of permanent magnets and low to moderate magnetic Reynolds numbers (0.1-1). This facilitates the possibility to detect subsurface defects in conductive materials.
Solution of skin-effect problems by means of the hybrid SDBCI method
Authors: Aiello Giovanni , Alfonzetti Salvatore , Salerno Nunzio 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a modified version of the hybrid Finite Element Method-Dirichlet Boundary Condition Iteration method for the solution of open-boundary skin effect problems.

Design/methodology/approach
– The modification consists of overlapping the truncation and the integration boundaries of the standard method, so that the integral equation becomes singular as in the well-known Finite Element Method-Boundary Element Method (FEM-BEM) method. The new method is called FEM-SDBCI. Assuming an unknown Dirichlet condition on the truncation boundary, the global algebraic system is constituted by the sparse FEM equations and by the dense integral equations, in which singularities arise. Analytical formulas are provided to compute these singular integrals. The global system is solved by means of a Generalized Minimal Residual iterative procedure.

Findings
– The proposed method leads to slightly less accurate numerical results than FEM-BEM, but the latter requires much more computing time.

Practical implications
– Then FEM-SDBCI appears more appropriate than FEM-BEM for applications which require a shorter computing time, for example in the stochastic optimization of electromagnetic devices.

Originality/value
– Note that FEM-SDBCI assumes a Dirichlet condition on the truncation boundary, whereas FEM-BEM assumes a Neumann one.
Psychological health and discrimination experience among graduate students: findings from the Stress Coping Obstruction Prevention & Education (SCOPE) Study
Authors: L. Wilkinson Larrell , Kerr Jelani , Smith Temple , Salaam Muhammad , W. Flournoy Minnjuan , Magwood Jametta , Williams Edith , Glover Saundra 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– African-Americans historically report greater exposure to discrimination and also experience unfavorable outcomes associated with physical health, poverty concentration, residential segregation, and poorer education. The effects of discrimination are particularly harmful on mental health as discriminatory experiences contribute significantly to diminished mental health status and psychological distress. African-Americans pursuing graduate education may experience additional stressors, increasing the risk for poorer mental health. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association of psychological health and discrimination experiences among black and white graduate students at a southeastern university.Design/methodology/approach– Participants were 505 graduate students at a predominantly white southeastern institution. Researchers collected data via self-administered online and paper questionnaires during the spring 2010 semester. Graduate students were asked questions pertaining to individual demographics, discrimination, and psychosocial concerns.Findings– Approximately 15 percent of the graduate students reported psychological distress. Additionally, black graduate students reported significantly higher levels of day-to-day and lifetime discrimination when compared to white graduate students. In addition to the proportions of psychological distress differing by race, African-American graduate students reported better psychological well-being when exposed to both day-to-day and lifetime discrimination than whites with similar exposure.Practical implications– Resilience factors and coping strategies should be examined further among African-American graduate students for greater understanding. Moreover, it is important to develop applications to improve mental health outcomes for all graduate students.Originality/value– This is one of the few studies to focus on the mental health and discrimination experiences among a graduate student population. The sample is drawn from the southeastern USA where there are long vestiges of discrimination and a sizable sampling of African-Americans who live in the USA.
Repairing trust in an e-commerce and security context: an agent-based modeling approach
Authors: Choi Jae , Nazareth Derek L. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to study the critical role of trust in electronic commerce extensively in the context of establishing initial trust between trading partners. Ongoing trust between partners can quickly be eroded through security or other trust violations. This paper examines whether customers are willing to transact with an eCommerce vendor in light of security and trust violations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws upon research in professional trust relationships and adapts it to the e-commerce context to create a process view of trust violation and repair. Using a design science framework, this paper employs agent-based modeling as the simulation technique to study the implications of security and trust violations on the willingness of customers to continue transacting with the vendor. The simulations are conducted for a variety of trust violations and reconciliation actions.

Findings
– While some of the results are predictable, the key finding for managers is that moderate reconciliation tactics are effective for all cases but the most severe trust violations, where trust is irrevocably broken. This has clear financial implications, particularly in cases where vendors may operate with small margins in competitive markets.

Originality/value
– Given the increasing push toward mobile and Internet-based commerce, and the large range of possible trust violations and security incidents in online purchases, coupled with increasing competition among vendors, it becomes imperative for vendors to provide effective tactics to repair customer trust violations when they arise.
Understanding users: from man-made typologies to computer-generated clusters
Authors: Gustav Johannsen Carl 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The aim of this article is to identify the main approaches and discuss their perspectives, including their strengths and weaknesses in, especially, public library contexts. The purpose is also to present and discuss the results of a recent – 2014 – Danish library user segmentation project using computer-generated clusters. Compared to traditional marketing texts, this article also tries to identify users segments or images created by the library profession itself. Segmentation of users can help libraries in the process of understanding user similarities and differences. Segmentation can also form the basis for selecting segments as target users and for developing tailored services for specific target segments. Thus, several approaches and techniques have been tested in library contexts.Design/methodology/approach– Basically, the article is built upon a literature review concerning different approaches to user segmentation in, especially, public library context from approximately 1980 till now (May 2014).Findings– The article reveals that – at least – five different principal approaches to user segmentation have been applied by the library sector during the past 30-35 years. Characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches are identified, discussed and evaluated.Practical implications– When making decisions on future library user surveys, it is certainly an advantage, concerning the ability to make qualified decision, to know what opportunities that are at hand for identifying important segments.Originality/value– Some of the approaches have been treated individually in the library literature; however, it is probably the first time that the professions own user images and metaphors are dealt with in a user segmentation context.
Improved edge detection mapping through stacking and integration: a case study in the Bathurst Mining Camp
Authors: Tschirhart Peter , Morris Bill 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAirborne geophysical surveys provide spatially continuous regional data coverage, which directly reflects subsurface petrophysical differences and thus the underlying geology. A modern geologic mapping exercise requires the fusion of this information to complement what is typically limited regional outcrop. Often, interpretation of the geophysical data in a geological context is done qualitatively using total field and derivative maps. With a qualitative approach, the resulting map product may reflect the interpreter's bias. Source edge detection provides a quantitative means to map lateral physical property changes in potential and non‐potential field data. There are a number of Source edge detection algorithms, all of which apply a transformation to convert local signal inflections associated with source edges into local maxima. As a consequence of differences in their computation, the various algorithms generate slightly different results for any given source depth, geometry, contrast, and noise levels. To enhance the viability of any detected edge, it is recommended that one combines the output of several Source edge detection algorithms. Here we introduce a simple data compilation method, deemed edge stacking, which improves the interpretable product of Source edge detection through direct gridding, grid addition, and amplitude thresholding. In two examples, i.e., a synthetic example and a real‐world example from the Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Canada, a number of transformation algorithms are applied to gridded geophysical data sets and the resulting Source edge detection solutions combined. Edge stacking combines the benefits and nuances of each Source edge detection algorithm; coincident or overlapping and laterally continuous solutions are considered more indicative of a true edge, whereas isolated points are taken as being indicative of random noise or false solutions. When additional data types are available, as in our example, they may also be integrated to create a more complete geologic model. The effectiveness of this method is limited only by the resolution of each survey data set and the necessity of lateral physical property contrasts. The end product aims at creating a petrophysical contact map, which, when integrated with known lithological outcrop information, can be led to an improved geological map.
Historically browsed jewelweed populations exhibit greater tolerance to deer herbivory than historically protected populations
Authors: Martin Laura J. , Agrawal Anurag A. , Kraft Clifford E. 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Browsing by overabundant white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has altered ecological relationships in forest communities across eastern North America. Recent but limited work suggests that deer browsing also selects for particular plant defensive traits.

We hypothesized that browsing by deer has imposed selection on defensive traits in an annual native wildflower, orange jewelweed (Impatiens capensis).

To test this hypothesis, we collected individuals from 26 natural populations across a 5000 km2 area in New York State, USA. Half of these populations were historically protected from deer and half were exposed to heavy browsing. We planted individuals in common gardens subjected to natural deer browsing or no browsing.

Individuals from historically browsed populations exhibited significantly higher tolerance than those from historically protected populations. Herbivory by deer reduced lifetime fruit production by only 20% in historically browsed populations, as opposed to 57% in historically protected populations. Two mechanisms were correlated with this increased tolerance: increased number of flowering days and increased fruits per flowering node.

Synthesis. The increased tolerance of historically browsed populations suggests that these populations evolved increased tolerance or that historically protected populations lost tolerance over time. Variation in tolerance traits in native plant species may allow them to persist in the face of rapid ecological change.
Predictors of Abstinence from Heavy Drinking During Treatment in COMBINE and External Validation in PREDICT
Authors: Gueorguieva Ralitza , Wu Ran , O'Connor Patrick G. , Weisner Constance , Fucito Lisa M. , Hoffmann Sabine , Mann Karl , O'Malley Stephanie S. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe goal of the current study was to use tree‐based methods (Zhang and Singer, 2010, Recursive Partitioning and Applications, 2nd ed. Springer, New York) to identify predictors of abstinence from heavy drinking in COMBINE (Anton et al. JAMA 2006; 295:2003), the largest study of pharmacotherapy for alcoholism in the United States to date, and to validate these results in PREDICT (Mann et al. Addict Biol 2012; 18:937), a parallel study conducted in Germany.MethodsWe compared a classification tree constructed according to purely statistical criteria to a tree constructed according to a combination of statistical criteria and clinical considerations for prediction of no heavy drinking during treatment in COMBINE. We considered over 100 baseline predictors. The tree approach was compared to logistic regression. The trees and a deterministic forest identified the most important predictors of no heavy drinking for direct testing in PREDICT.ResultsThe tree built using both clinical and statistical considerations consisted of 4 splits based on consecutive days of abstinence (CDA) prior to randomization, age, family history of alcoholism, and confidence to resist drinking in response to withdrawal and urges. The tree based on statistical considerations with 4 splits also split on CDA and age but also on gamma‐glutamyl transferase level and drinking goal. Deterministic forest identified CDA, age, and drinking goal as the most important predictors. Backward elimination logistic regression among the top 18 predictors identified in the deterministic forest analyses identified only age and CDA as significant main effects. Longer CDA and goal of complete abstinence were associated with better outcomes in both data sets.ConclusionsThe most reliable predictors of abstinence from heavy drinking were CDA and drinking goal. Trees provide binary decision rules and straightforward graphical representations for identification of subgroups based on response and may be easier to implement in clinical settings.