bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Perception of Threat from Emotions in Predicting Binge Eating Behaviours in People Who Are Obese and Seeking Treatment for Their Weight
Authors: Fox J. R. E. , Msetfi R. M. , Johnson R. S. , Haigh E. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThe affect regulation theory suggests that people binge eat to regulate negative emotional states. In this study, we used a basic emotions perspective to consider the role of perceived threat of emotions, emotional suppression and reduced emotional expressiveness in predicting binge eating behaviours in people who are obese.MethodTreatment‐seeking participants with obesity (N = 51, body mass index range from 30.8 to 60.2 kg m−2) completed measures of ‘perception of threat from emotion’ as well as ‘emotional expressiveness’ and binge eating.ResultsThe results demonstrated that perceived threat of sadness predicted binge eating (β = .55, p < .05). Additionally, a mediation analysis revealed that reduced emotional expressiveness mediated the relationship between perceived threat of fear and binge eating (β = .25, 95%).DiscussionThese findings are contextualized within a theoretical perspective that suggests that individuals who binge eat are threatened by certain emotional states and they use binge eating to suppress certain, but not all, emotional states. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Considering basic emotions within binge eating should be a part of a psychological assessment and treatment. This should consider how emotions could often be perceived as being threatening and their expression is limited.
It is possible that the emotions of fear and sadness appear to be particularly threatening within binge eating/obese populations.
An all‐digital DLL with duty‐cycle correction using reusable TDC
Authors: Kao Shao‐Ku , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Cheng Hsiang‐Chi 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis paper presents the design of an all‐digital delay‐locked loop (ADDLL) with duty‐cycle correction using reusable time‐to‐digital converter (TDC). The proposed ADDLL uses a reusable TDC for achieving a wide‐operating frequency range. In addition, it achieves the frequency doubling output clock easily by changing the quantization interval. It is implemented in a 0.18‐µm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor technology. This circuit corrects the duty cycle and synchronizes the input and output clocks in 10 clock cycles. The output duty cycle is corrected to 50 ± 1.5% as the input duty cycle ranges from 25% to 75%. The acceptable input frequency range is from 300 to 900 MHz without frequency doubling. The acceptable input frequency range is from 150 to 450 MHz when using frequency doubling. It dissipates 6.2 mW from a 1.8‐V supply at 900 MHz. The peak‐to‐peak and RMS jitters at 900 MHz are 14 and 1.8 ps, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinin‐B1 and B2 receptor activity in proliferation and neural phenotype determination of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Nascimento Isis C. , Glaser Talita , Nery Arthur A. , Pillat Micheli M. , Pesquero João B. , Ulrich Henning 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe kinins bradykinin and des‐arg9‐bradykinin cleaved from kininogen precursors by kallikreins exert their biological actions by stimulating kinin‐B2 and B1 receptors, respectively. In vitro models of neural differentiation such as P19 embryonal carcinoma cells and neural progenitor cells have suggested the involvement of B2 receptors in neural differentiation and phenotype determination; however, the involvement of B1 receptors in these processes has not been established. Here, we show that B1 and B2 receptors are differentially expressed in mouse embryonic E14Tg2A stem cells undergoing neural differentiation. Proliferation and differentiation assays, performed in the presence of receptor subtype‐selective agonists and antagonists, revealed that B1 receptor activity is required for the proliferation of embryonic and differentiating cells as well as for neuronal maturation at later stages of differentiation, while the B2 receptor acts on neural phenotype choice, promoting neurogenesis over gliogenesis. Besides the elucidation of bradykinin functions in an in vitro model reflecting early embryogenesis and neurogenesis, this study contributes to the understanding of B1 receptor functions in this process. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Imaging flow cytometry as a sensitive tool to detect low‐dose‐induced DNA damage by analyzing 53BP1 and γH2AX foci in human lymphocytes
Authors: Durdik Matus , Kosik Pavol , Gursky Jan , Vokalova Lenka , Markova Eva , Belyaev Igor 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIonizing radiation induced foci (IRIF) are considered the most sensitive indicator for DNA double‐strand break (DSB) detection. Monitoring DSB induction by low doses of ionizing radiation is important due to the increasing exposure in the general population. γH2AX and 53BP1 are commonly used molecular markers for in situ IRIF assessment. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) via ImageStream system provides a new opportunity in this field. We analyzed the formation of 53BP1, γH2AX foci and their co‐localization induced by γ‐rays (2, 5, 10, 50, 200 cGy) in human lymphocytes using ImageStream and the automated microscopic system Metafer. We observed very similar sensitivity of both systems for the detection of endogenous and low‐dose‐induced IRIF. Statistically significant induction of γH2AX foci was found at doses of 2 and 10 cGy using ImageStream and Metafer, respectively. Statistically significant induction of 53BP1 foci was evident at doses ≥5 cGy when analyzed by IFC. Analysis of the co‐localizing foci by ImageStream and Metafer showed statistical significance at doses ≥2 cGy, suggesting that foci co‐localization is a sensitive parameter for DSB quantification. Assessment of γH2AX, 53BP1 foci and their co‐localization by Metafer and ImageStream showed similar linear dose responses in the low‐dose range up to 10 cGy, although IFC showed slightly better resolution for IRIF in this dose range. At higher doses, IFC underestimated IRIF numbers. Using the imaging ability of ImageStream, we introduced an optimized assay by gating γH2AX foci positive (with 1 or more γH2AX foci) and negative (cells without foci) cells. This assay resulted in statistically significant IRIF induction at doses ≥ 5cGy and a linear dose response up to 50 cGy. In conclusion, we provide evidence for the use of IFC as an accurate high throughput assay for the prompt detection and enumeration of endogenous and low‐dose induced IRIF. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The Information Content of Equity Block Trades on the Warsaw Stock Exchange: Conventional and Bootstrap Approaches
Authors: Kurek Bartosz 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on the Polish stock market by analysing the information content of 95 equity block trade transactions executed on shares of companies constituting the WIG20 index. A normalized conventional approach and a bootstrap approach are used to draw inferences. These approaches make use of a multivariate regression model with two explanatory variables: a market return and a dummy variable for the event. Resampling allows construction of an empirical distribution of the normalized test statistic. The outcomes obtained from the application of a normalized conventional approach as well as a bootstrap approach are in line and confirm that equity block trade transactions carry an important signal to investors. Significant abnormal positive (negative) returns are associated with the execution of the equity block trades, the prices of which are higher (lower) than the closing prices 2 days before the execution of the equity block trade transactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impacts of mountain pine beetle disturbance on the energy balance of snow during the melt period
Authors: Welch Christopher M. , Stoy Paul C. , Rains F. Aaron , Johnson Aiden V. , McGlynn Brian L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMountain snowpacks provide most of the annual discharge of western US rivers, but the future of water resources in the western USA is tenuous, as climatic changes have resulted in earlier spring melts that have exacerbated summer droughts. Compounding changes to the physical environment are biotic disturbances including that of the mountain pine beetle (MPB), which has decimated millions of acres of western North American forests. At the watershed scale, MPB disturbance increases the peak hydrograph, and at the stand scale, the ‘grey’ phase of MPB canopy disturbance decreases canopy snow interception, increases snow albedo, increases net shortwave radiation, and decreases net longwave radiation versus the ‘red’ phase. Fewer studies have been conducted on the red phase of MPB disturbance and in the mixed coniferous stands that may follow MPB‐damaged forests. We measured the energy balance of four snowpacks representing different stages of MPB damage, management, and recovery: a lodgepole pine stand, an MPB‐infested stand in the red phase, a mixed coniferous stand (representing one successional trajectory), and a clear‐cut (representing reactive management) in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest in Montana, USA. Net longwave radiation was lower in the MPB‐infested stand despite higher basal area and plant area index of the other forests, suggesting that the desiccated needles serve as a less effective thermal buffer against longwave radiative losses. Eddy covariance observations of sensible and latent heat flux indicate that they are of similar but opposite magnitude, on the order of 20 MJ m−2 during the melt period. Further analyses reveal that net turbulent energy fluxes were near zero because of the temperature and atmospheric vapour pressure encountered during the melt period. Future research should place snow science in the context of forest succession and management and address important uncertainties regarding the timing and magnitude of needlefall events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of kidney disease on drug disposition: An assessment of industry studies submitted to the FDA for new chemical entities 1999–2010
Authors: Matzke Gary R. , Dowling Thomas C. , Marks Samantha A. , Murphy John E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn 1998, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released the first guidance for industry regarding pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in renally impaired patients. This study aimed to determine if the FDA renal PK guidance influenced the frequency and rigor of renal studies conducted for new chemical entities (NCEs). FDA‐approved package inserts (APIs) and clinical pharmacology review documents were analyzed for 194 NCEs approved from 1999 to 2010. Renal studies were conducted in 71.6% of NCEs approved from 1999 to 2010, a significant increase over the 56.3% conducted from 1996 to 1997 (P = .0242). Renal studies were more likely to be completed in highly renally excreted drugs (fe ≥ 30%) compared with drugs with low renal excretion, fe < 30% (89.6% vs 65.8%, P = .0015). PK studies to assess the impact of dialysis were conducted for 31.7% of NCEs that had a renal study: a greater proportion of high fe NCEs were studied (44.2% vs 26.0%, P = .0335). No significant change in frequency or rigor of PK studies was detected over time. The majority of NCEs (76.3%) with a renal study provided specific dosing recommendations in the API. The adoption of the 1998 FDA guidance has resulted in improved availability of PK and drug‐dosing recommendations, particularly for high fe drugs.
Increased expression and activation of cathepsin K in human osteoarthritic cartilage and synovial tissues
Authors: Kozawa Eiji , Cheng Xian Wu , Urakawa Hiroshi , Arai Eisuke , Yamada Yoshihisa , Kitamura Shinji , Sato Koji , Kuzuya Masafumi , Ishiguro Naoki , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTFew studies have analyzed Cathepsin K (CatK) expression in human osteoarthritic tissues. We investigated CatK expression and activation in human articular cartilage using clinical specimens. Human osteoarthritic cartilage was obtained during surgery of total hip arthroplasty (n = 10), and control cartilage was from that of femoral head replacement for femoral neck fracture (n = 10). CatB, CatK, CatL, CatS, and Cystatin C (CysC) expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically and by real‐time PCR. Intracellular CatK protein was quantified by ELISA. Intracellular CatK activity was also investigated. Osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes were strongly stained with CatK, particularly in the superficial layer and more damaged areas. CatB, CatL, CatS, and CysC were weakly stained. CatK mRNA expression was significantly higher in OA group compared to that in control group (p = 0.043), whereas those of CatB, CatL, CatS, and CysC did not differ significantly. Mean CatK concentration (4.83 pmol/g protein) in OA chondrocytes was higher than that (3.91 pmol/g protein) in control chondrocytes (p = 0.001). CatK was enzymatically more activated in OA chondrocytes as compared with control chondrocytes. This study, for the first time, revealed increased CatK expression and activation in human OA cartilage, suggesting possible crucial roles for it in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritic change in articular cartilage. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:127–134, 2016.
Carbon monoxide as stunning/killing method on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): effects on lipid and cholesterol oxidation
Authors: Secci Giulia , Serra Andrea , Concollato Anna , Conte Giuseppe , Mele Marcello , Olsen Rolf E , Parisi Giuliana 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarbon monoxide (CO) has been recently utilized as a new stunning/killing procedure for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Its effects on lipid and cholesterol oxidation of farmed Atlantic salmon fillets were evaluated at two times of refrigerated (2.5 °C) storage, T0 (64 h after death) and T14 (14 days from T0). The use of CO was compared with the commonly utilized percussion (P) method.RESULTSFatty acid profile, primary (conjugated dienes) and secondary (TBARS) oxidation products, cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and carotenoids were unaffected by the killing method. Despite the low oxidative status of lipid (0.66 and 0.60 mg malondialdehyde kg−1 muscle in P and CO fish respectively), cholesterol was found to be highly oxidized (0.17 and 0.13 mg COPs kg−1). Storage significantly affected oxidative stability of fish muscle by increasing oxidation products. Interestingly, TBARS content doubled while the increase for COPs was not homogeneous: α‐ and β‐epoxycholesterol increased by 25%, whereas triol and 7‐ketocholesterol increased by 48 and 62% respectively.CONCLUSIONThe quality of salmon fillets just after slaughtering and after 14 days of refrigerated storage at 2.5 °C did not change, irrespective of the killing method adopted, suggesting that the CO method may be applied without any detrimental effect on the quality of fish fillets. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognostic factors in surgical resection of sacral chordoma
Authors: Angelini Andrea , Pala Elisa , Calabrò Teresa , Maraldi Marco , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: August 2015

Background and objectivesThe best treatment of sacral chordoma is surgical resection, nowadays associated with optimized radiation therapy. We analysed 1) the oncologic outcome in a large series; 2) the effect of previous intralesional surgery, resection level, tumor volume and margins on survivorship to local recurrence (LR) and 3) the complication rate.MethodsWe reviewed 71 patients with sacral chordomas. Forty‐eight resections were proximal to S3. Mean tumor volume was 535 cm3. Eleven received previous intralesional surgery elsewhere. Margins were wide in 44 resections, wide‐contaminated in 11, marginal in 9 and intralesional in 7.ResultsOverall survival was 92%, 65% and 44% at 5, 10 and 15 years. At a mean of 9.5 years 37 were NED (54.4%), 23 died with disease (33.8%) and 8 were alive with disease (11.7%). Relapses included 15 LRs, 6 distant metastases, 17 both. LR rate was significantly higher in patients with previous surgery (p=0.0217), with inadequate margins (p= 0.0339) and large tumors(p<0.01), whereas resection level was not significant. Multivariate analysis confirmed the role of tumor volume. Complication rate was high (80.9%) with an infection rate of 41.2%.ConclusionsThe most prominent adverse factor for LR was previous intralesional surgery. LR rate was related with inadequate margins and tumor volume. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:344–351. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Quetiapine Treatment on Duration of Hypoactive Delirium in Critically Ill Adults: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Michaud Christopher J. , Bullard Heather M. , Harris Serena A. , Thomas Wendy L. 
Published: August 2015

Study ObjectiveBecause delirium remains a common consequence of critical illness, and reducing its duration has been shown to have a positive impact on patient outcomes during and after an intensive care unit (ICU) stay, we sought to determine whether treatment of hypoactive delirium with quetiapine reduces the duration of delirium compared with no pharmacologic treatment.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThree medical‐surgical ICUs within the two main campuses of an academic tertiary care hospital system.PatientsA total of 113 adults with documented hypoactive delirium during an ICU length of stay (LOS) of at least 72 hours between August 2013 and September 2014; 52 patients received at least one dose of quetiapine during their hypoactive delirium course, and 61 patients received no pharmacologic delirium treatment.Measurements and Main ResultsPatients were screened for hypoactive delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method‐ICU (CAM‐ICU) and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). The primary outcome was time to first resolution of delirium, and secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital LOS, and duration of mechanical ventilation. To assess potential adverse effects of quetiapine, the number of RASS assessments deeper than goal and the total number of RASS assessments documented during the delirium course were recorded for all patients. Daily progress notes and discharge documentation were surveyed to assess for new onset of extrapyramidal symptoms or torsade de pointes. Median duration of hypoactive delirium was shorter in the quetiapine‐treated group compared with the no‐quetiapine group (1.5 vs 2.0 days, p=0.04), and time to extubation after screening positive for delirium trended favorably toward quetiapine‐treated patients (3 vs 5 days, p=0.08). There were no significant differences in ICU or hospital LOS, and safety outcomes were similar between groups.ConclusionIn this mixed ICU population, treatment of hypoactive delirium with quetiapine was safe and reduced the duration of delirium compared with standard care alone. Prospective placebo‐controlled studies are needed to further assess the role of antipsychotics in hypoactive delirium.
Frostschäden an stählernen Hohlbauteilen
Authors: Moser Johannes 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHohlbauteile werden als luftdicht verschweißte Tragelemente geplant und doch treten gelegentlich Schäden durch inneren Eisdruck auf, wenn Wasser eingedrungen ist, das im Winter gefriert. Fünf Schadensbeispiele werden analysiert und daraus eine allgemeine Beschreibung des Schädigungsverlaufs abgeleitet. Es folgen praxisorientierte Hinweise zur Schadensprävention, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Bauwerksprüfung liegt.Frost damages at steel hollow sections. Steel hollow sections are often sealed by welding. Nevertheless ice pressure can damage those cells, if intruding water begins to freeze in winter. From the analysis of five cases a general description of frost damage is derived. Recommendations of the prevention of damages with focus on the inspection of structures are given.
Barriers to Essential Surgical Care in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Pilot Study of a Comprehensive Assessment Tool in Ghana
Authors: Stewart Barclay T. , Gyedu Adam , Abantanga Francis , Abdulai Abdul Rashid , Boakye Godfred , Kushner Adam 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundBeyond resource deficiencies, other barriers to care prevent patients from receiving surgery in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to develop and pilot a comprehensive, generalizable tool for assessing the barriers to surgical care.MethodsSociodemographic, clinical and 38 questions regarding potential barriers to surgical care were asked during a surgical outreach to two district and one regional hospital in Upper East Region, Ghana. Sites were selected to capture individuals with prolonged unmet surgical needs and represent geographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare development differences. Results were indexed into three dimensions of barriers to care (i.e., ‘acceptability,’ ‘affordability,’ and ‘accessibility’) so that communities could be compared and targeted interventions developed.ResultsThe tool was administered to 148 participants (98 % response rate): Bolgatanga 54 (37 %); Amiah 16 (11 %); and Sandema 78 (52 %). Amiah had the fewest barriers to surgical care (median index 8.3; IQR 7.6–9.3), followed by Sandema (8.2; IQR 5.3–9.2) and Bolgatanga (6.7; IQR 3.9–9.5). Individual dimension scores (i.e., acceptability, affordability, accessibility) ranged from 10.8 to 18 out of 18 possible points. Main factors contributing to low dimension scores were different between communities: Bolgatanga—cost and healthcare navigation; Amiah—social marginalization and poor medical understanding; Sandema—distance to surgically capable facility.ConclusionThis study identified a number of significant barriers, as well as successes for patients’ ability and willingness to access surgical care that differed between communities. The tool itself was well accepted, easy to administer and provided valuable data from which targeted interventions can be developed.
A Novel Approach to Major Surgery: Tracking Its Pathophysiologic Footprints
Authors: Mantziari Styliani , Hübner Martin , Coti‐Bertrand Pauline , Pralong François , Demartines Nicolas , Schäfer Markus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo study the ‘metabolic profile’ of different surgical procedures and correlate it with pertinent surgical details and postoperative complications.MethodsWe conducted a prospective pilot study of 70 patients, ten for each of the seven following groups: (1) laparoscopic cholecystectomy, (2) incisional hernia repair, (3) laparoscopic and (4) open colon surgery, (5) upper gastrointestinal, (6) hepatic, and (7) pancreatic resections. Biochemical assessment included white blood cell count (WBC), C‐reactive protein (CRP), glucose, triglycerides (TG), albumin (Alb), and pre‐albumin (Pre‐Alb), from the day before surgery until 5 days thereafter. Biological markers were compared for major versus minor surgery groups, which were defined on a clinical basis. Univariable analysis was used to identify risk factors for postoperative complications and p < 0.05 was the significance threshold.ResultsCommon findings in all surgery groups were the acute inflammatory response (↑: WBC, CRP, ↓: TG, Alb, pre‐Alb). Using cut‐off values of 240 min operative (OR) time and 300 ml estimated blood loss (EBL), laparoscopic cholecystectomy, incisional hernia repair, and laparoscopic colectomy could be distinguished from open colectomy, upper gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreas resections. In a biochemical level, increased CRP and reduced postoperative Alb levels were highly discriminative of all types of ‘major surgery.’ Significant risk factors for postoperative complications were age, male gender, malignancy, longer OR time, higher blood loss, high CRP, and low Alb levels.ConclusionsBiochemically, CRP and Alb levels can help quantify the magnitude of the surgical trauma, which is correlated with adverse outcomes.