bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Meaning in Life, Social and Achievement Events, and Positive and Negative Affect in Daily Life
Authors: Machell Kyla A. , Kashdan Todd B. , Short Jerome L. , Nezlek John B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResearch on meaning in life has generally focused on global meaning judgments. This study examined how people's daily experiences, represented by events that occur in daily life, influence their perceived sense of meaning on a daily basis. One hundred sixty‐two college students completed daily reports for 2 weeks. We examined the relationships among daily social and achievement events, daily positive and negative affect, and daily meaning in life. In addition, we tested the possible moderating influence of depressive symptoms on these relationships. Positive daily social and achievement events were related to greater daily meaning, above and beyond the contributions of daily positive and negative affect. Negative social and achievement events were related to less daily meaning, and negative achievement events covaried with daily meaning above and beyond positive and negative affect. Depression moderated the relationships between positive events and meaning, such that people who reported more depressive symptoms had greater increases in daily meaning in response to positive social and achievement events than individuals who reported fewer symptoms. These findings suggest the important role that daily events may play in fluctuations in people's affective experiences and sense of meaning in life.
Improving Sexuality Education: The Development of Teacher‐Preparation Standards
Authors: Barr Elissa M. , Goldfarb Eva S. , Russell Susan , Seabert Denise , Wallen Michele , Wilson Kelly L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTeaching sexuality education to support young people's sexual development and overall sexual health is both needed and supported. Data continue to highlight the high rates of teen pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, among young people in the United States as well as the overwhelming public support for sexuality education instruction. In support of the implementation of the National Sexuality Education Standards, the current effort focuses on better preparing teachers to deliver sexuality education.METHODSAn expert panel was convened by the Future of Sex Education Initiative to develop teacher‐preparation standards for sexuality education. Their task was to develop standards and indicators that addressed the unique elements intrinsic to sexuality education instruction.RESULTSSeven standards and associated indicators were developed that address professional disposition, diversity and equity, content knowledge, legal and professional ethics, planning, implementation, and assessment.CONCLUSIONSThe National Teacher‐Preparation Standards for Sexuality Education represent an unprecedented unified effort to enable prospective health education teachers to become competent in teaching methodology, theory, practice of pedagogy, content, and skills, specific to sexuality education. Higher education will play a key role in ensuring the success of these standards.
Feasibility of Providing Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Treatment in Off‐Campus, Nonclinic Settings for Adolescents Enrolled in a School‐Based Research Project
Authors: Chacko Mariam R. , Markham Christine , Thiel Melanie , Crandall Stacy M. , Peskin Melissa F. , Shegog Ross , Tortolero Susan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examined the acceptability and feasibility of using a biological outcome measure to evaluate a school‐based sexuality education program. Confidential field‐delivered sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing by nonmedical field staff and STI treatment by medically trained field staff was assessed in off‐campus and off‐clinic settings for adolescents enrolled in the trial.METHODSAfter parental and adolescent consent were obtained, a convenient time and location was identified to collect urine to test for chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis, CT), gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrheae, NG), and trichomonas (Trichomonas vaginalis, TV) infection and to treat students with positive results.RESULTSA total of 391 of 1742 students had permission to participate (22%); 353 (90%) provided urine samples; 28 (8%) had positive test results: CT(18), NG(5), and TV(8). Testing and treatment occurred at home for 92% and 59% of students, respectively; on weekdays (for 69% and 96%, respectively) and between noon and 8 pm (for 76% and 88%, respectively). All students who tested positive were treated. Several lessons and strategies that may improve the likelihood that students will participate in field‐delivered STI testing and treatment emerged.CONCLUSIONSTI testing and treatment are feasible for students enrolled in a school‐based sexuality education program. However, obtaining parental consent may be challenging.
Sex Differences in Associations of School Connectedness With Adolescent Sexual Risk‐Taking in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Langille Donald B. , Asbridge Mark , Azagba Sunday , Flowerdew Gordon , Rasic Daniel , Cragg Amber 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAssociations of lower school connectedness have been seen with adolescent sexual risk behaviors, but little is known about gender differences with respect to these relationships. Understanding any such differences could contribute to better supporting the school environment to promote youth sexual health.METHODSWe used provincially representative cross‐sectional data from 1415 sexually active students in grades 10 to 12 in Nova Scotia, Canada, to determine whether lower school connectedness was associated with students' sexual risk behaviors using multivariate logistic regression, stratifying by sex.RESULTSIn boys, lower connectedness was associated with three risk behaviors, having ≥2 partners in the previous year (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01‐1.13), no condom use at last intercourse (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01‐1.12), and having unplanned intercourse due to substance use (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.03‐1.15). No such associations were seen in girls.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that gender differences may exist for associations of school connectedness and sexual risk behaviors; connectedness may be more important for boys than for girls in this area of adolescent health. Educators should consider gender differences when designing interventions to maximize youth sexual health through school‐based interventions. Further research on school connectedness and risk‐taking should examine genders separately.
Correlates of High School Freshman Girls' Reported Reasons for Engaging in Sexual Intercourse
Authors: Smith Matthew Lee , Wilson Kelly , Menn Mindy , Pulczinski Jairus C. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIntrapersonal and external factors, including social pressures and the desire for acceptance from peers, influence sexual activity among adolescents. This study examined how personal characteristics, risky behaviors, normative beliefs, household factors, and engagement in extracurricular activities were related to high school freshman girls' reported reasons for having sexual intercourse.METHODSBaseline data were analyzed from 158 girls enrolled in high school‐based abstinence‐only‐until‐marriage education programs during their freshman year. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with Pressures and Reasons for Engaging in Sex Scale (PRESS) scores.RESULTSResults indicate that girls with high PRESS scores were significantly more likely to have had sex (OR = 4.29), consumed alcohol within the previous year (OR = 6.13), reported strict household rules (OR = 1.49), and thought more girls their age had sex (OR = 1.67).CONCLUSIONSchool‐ and family‐based interventions should be developed to encourage and strengthen parent‐teen communication within the household and reinforce self‐worth and positive self‐perceptions among adolescent girls.
You were always on my mind: The importance of “significant others” in the attenuation of retrieval‐induced forgetting in Japan
Authors: Uchida Yukiko , Ueno Taiji , Miyamoto Yuri 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResearch on memory has demonstrated that remembering material can cause forgetting of related information, which is known as retrieval‐induced forgetting (RIF). Macrae and Roseveare identified “self” as one of the boundary conditions of this effect in the Western cultural context, showing that RIF was eliminated when material was encoded to be related to the self (known as self‐referential effect), but not to significant others. In this study, we predicted and found that significant others could be another boundary condition in Japanese cultural contexts in which self and agency are more interdependent or conjoint; RIF was observed neither under best‐friend‐related encoding nor under family‐related encoding in Japan. The effect of significant others is found uniquely in Japanese cultural contexts, suggesting that the cultural model of self has significant power in the spontaneous system of memory.
Repeated landmass reformation limits diversification in the widespread littoral zone mosquitoAnopheles sundaicussensu lato in theIndo‐OrientalRegion
Authors: Zarowiecki Magdalena , Linton Yvonne‐Marie , Post Rory J. , Bangs Michael J. , Htun Pe Than , Hlaing Thaung , Seng Chang Moh , Baimai Visut , Ding Trung Ho , Sochantha Tho , Walton Catherine 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSoutheast Asia harbours abundant biodiversity, hypothesized to have been generated by Pliocene and Pleistocene climatic and environmental change. Vicariance between the island of Borneo, the remaining Indonesian archipelago and mainland Southeast Asia caused by elevated sea levels during interglacial periods has been proposed to lead to diversification in the littoral zone mosquitoAnopheles(Cellia)sundaicus(Rodenwaldt) sensu lato. To test this biogeographical hypothesis, we inferred the population history and assessed gene flow ofA. sundaicuss.l. sampled from 18 populations across its pan‐Asian species range, using sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and the mannose phosphate isomerase (Mpi) gene. A hypothesis of ecological speciation forA. sundaicusinvolving divergent adaptation to brackish and freshwater larval habitats was also previously proposed, based on a deficiency of heterozygotes forMpiallozyme alleles in sympatry. This hypothesis was not supported byMpisequence data, which exhibited no fixed differences between brackish and freshwater larval habitats.MpiandCO1supported the presence of up to eight genetically distinct population groupings. Counter to the hypothesis of three allopatric species, divergence was often no greater betweenBorneo,Sumatra/Java and theSoutheastAsian mainland than it was between genetic groupings within these landmasses. An isolation‐with‐migration (IM) model indicates recurrent gene flow between the current major landmasses. Such gene flow would have been possible during glacial periods when the current landmasses merged, presenting opportunities for dispersal along expanding and contracting coastlines. Consequently, Pleistocene climatic variation has proved a homogenizing, rather than diversifying, force forA. sundaicusdiversity.
Does genetic distance between parental species influence outcomes of hybridization among coral reef butterflyfishes?
Authors: Montanari Stefano R. , Hobbs Jean‐Paul A. , Pratchett Morgan S. , Bay Line K. , Van Herwerden Lynne 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChristmas Island is located at the overlap of the Indian and Pacific Ocean marine provinces and is a hot spot for marine hybridization. Here, we evaluate the ecological framework and genetic consequences of hybridization between butterflyfishesChaetodon guttatissimusandChaetodon punctatofasciatus. Further, we compare our current findings to those from a previous study of hybridization betweenChaetodon trifasciatusandChaetodon lunulatus. For both species groups, habitat and dietary overlap between parental species facilitate frequent heterospecific encounters. Low abundance of potential mates promotes heterospecific pair formation and the breakdown of assortative mating. Despite similarities in ecological frameworks, the population genetic signatures of hybridization differ between the species groups. Mitochondrial and nuclear data fromC. guttatissimus × C. punctatofasciatus(1% divergence at cytb) show bidirectional maternal contributions and relatively high levels of introgression, both inside and outside the Christmas Island hybrid zone. In contrast,C. trifasciatus × C. lunulatus(5% cytbdivergence) exhibit unidirectional mitochondrial inheritance and almost no introgression. Back‐crossing of hybridC. guttatissimus × C. punctatofasciatusand parental genotypes may eventually confound species‐specific signals within the hybrid zone. In contrast, hybrids ofC. trifasciatusandC. lunulatusmay coexist with and remain genetically distinct from the parents. Our results, and comparisons with hybridization studies in other reef fish families, indicate that genetic distance between hybridizing species may be a factor influencing outcomes of hybridization in reef fish, which is consistent with predictions from terrestrially derived hybridization theory.
A role for FtsA in SPOR‐independent localization of the essential Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsN
Authors: Busiek Kimberly K. , Margolin William 
Published: April 2014

SummaryFtsN is a bitopic membrane protein and the last essential component to localize to the Escherichia coli cell division machinery, or divisome. The periplasmic SPOR domain of FtsN was previously shown to localize to the divisome in a self‐enhancing manner, relying on the essential activity of FtsN and the peptidoglycan synthesis and degradation activities of FtsI and amidases respectively. Because FtsN has a known role in recruiting amidases and is predicted to stimulate the activity of FtsI, it follows that FtsN initially localizes to division sites in a SPOR‐independent manner. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of FtsN (FtsNCyto‐TM) facilitated localization of FtsN independently of its SPOR domain but dependent on the early cell division protein FtsA. In addition, SPOR‐independent localization preceded SPOR‐dependent localization, providing a mechanism for the initial localization of FtsN. In support of the role of FtsNCyto‐TM in FtsN function, a variant of FtsN lacking the cytoplasmic domain localized to the divisome but failed to complement an ftsN deletion unless it was overproduced. Simultaneous removal of the cytoplasmic and SPOR domains abolished localization and complementation. These data support a model in which FtsA–FtsN interaction recruits FtsN to the divisome, where it can then stimulate the peptidoglycan remodelling activities required for SPOR‐dependent localization.
Does Improvement in Epidurography Following Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty Correspond to Patient Outcome?
Authors: Kim Jae Hun , Jung Hee Jin , Nahm Francis Sahngun , Lee Pyung Bok 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe positive effects of percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) likely result from elimination of fibrous tissue. However, a direct link between epidural adhesions and pain symptoms is debatable. We tested the hypothesis that epidurographic improvements correspond to improved patient outcome.MethodsIn this prospective study, patients with a filling defect on initial epidurography underwent PEN. Two weeks later, contrast agent distribution around the target area was assessed with repeat epidurography. A successful treatment was defined as over a 50% reduction in visual analog scale (VAS) score 2 weeks postprocedure. The demographic data, history of lumbar spine operation, target nerve, diagnosis, VAS scores, degree of epidurographic improvement, and patient satisfaction were compared between the successful treatment group (Group I) and unsuccessful treatment group (Group II).ResultsSeventy‐nine patients were included. Epidurographic findings improved in 67.1% of patients 2 weeks after the procedure. Following PEN, the mean VAS scores of all patients were significantly decreased at 2 weeks (4.12 ± 2.34), 1 month (3.56 ± 2.30), 3 months (3.84 ± 2.45), and 6 months (4.13 ± 2.71) compared with the initial scores (7.82 ± 1.78). In the comparison between Groups I and II, the rate of epidurographic improvement in Group I was higher than in Group II (P = 0.022). Satisfaction in patients that had epidurographic improvement (median satisfaction: 4) was higher than in patients that did not have epidurographic improvement (median satisfaction: 3; P = 0.003).ConclusionThe epidurographic changes following PEN correlate with patient‐assessed pain relief and satisfaction.
Clinical Usefulness of Fracture Site In Situ Block on Lumbar Spine Transverse Process Fracture
Authors: Park Jun‐Mo , Kwak Kyung‐Hwa 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLumbar spine transverse process fractures (LSTPFs) are uncommon and frequently overlooked on plain film radiographs. Even when recognized, they are often regarded as trivial and minimally painful injuries compared with combined serious major abdominal, pelvic, and spinal injuries. Conservative treatments are usually offered to patients with LSTPFs. This report presents 4 cases of LSTPFs where symptoms did not improve after more than 1 week of conservative management. Local anesthetics and steroids were injected directly into the fracture site under computed tomography guidance, referred to as a fracture site in situ block, in an attempt to accelerate the return to daily lives and professional activities. Three of the 4 patients returned to their daily lives almost immediately after completing the procedure. Although the procedure was appropriately performed at L4, 1 patient still complained of pain. This patient's all films were meticulously re‐examined, and it was determined that a transverse process fracture was present at not only L4 but also L1. This report introduces a method of active treatment to help patients with LSTPFs quickly return to their daily lives and professional activities. The positive results in these cases suggest that fracture site in situ block might be a useful option for treating patients with LSTPFs.
Measuring Outcomes: Pain and Quality of Life 48 Months After Acute Postoperative Total Knee Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Núñez Montserrat , Vilchez Cavazos Felix , Núñez Juarez Esther , Martinez‐Pastor Juan Carlos , Maculé Beneyto Francisco , Suso Santiago , Soriano Viladomiu Alex 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring HRQOL is simple, inexpensive, permits the health status to be measured over time, and is useful to compare or initiate treatments and evaluate results, facilitating homogenization in patient inclusion.ObjectivesTo evaluate disease‐specific and generic HRQOL and influence of associated factors in patients undergoing open debridement for acute postsurgical knee prosthetic joint infection after TKR at 12 and 48 months after completing antibiotic treatment and considered cured of infection.MethodsHealth‐related quality‐of‐life measures were administered at baseline (WOMAC) and 12 and 48 months (WOMAC and SF‐36) in patients with prosthesis retention, no symptoms of infection, and CRP (≤ 1 mg/dL).ResultsThirty patients were included, and 24 were evaluated at 48 months. WOMAC scores improved significantly (P < 0.01) at 12 and 48 months. The effect size was 0.72 for stiffness, 2.01 for pain, and 2.15 for function. At 48 months, improvements were greater (P < 0.02) except for stiffness. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (14 patients) and coagulase‐negative staphylococci (9 patients). SF‐36 physical role, bodily pain, emotional role, and mental health dimension scores at 12 and 48 months were significantly worse in patients with isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHealth‐related quality‐of‐life measures detected significant differences in outcomes in patients infected by S. aureus compared with patients infected by other microorganisms. HRQOL measures may provide useful complementary information on outcomes after acute postoperative infection.
High Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain Features in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Oteo‐Álvaro Ángel , Ruiz‐Ibán Miguel A. , Miguens Xoan , Stern Andrés , Villoria Jesús , Sánchez‐Magro Isabel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe present epidemiological research evaluated the prevalence of neuropathic pain characteristics in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) and the plausibility that such neuropathic features were specific of OA.MethodsOutpatients with chronic pain associated with knee OA who attended orthopedic surgery or rehabilitation clinics were systematically screened for neuropathic pain with the Douleur Neuropathique in 4 questions (DN4) questionnaire. Data from medical files and those obtained during a single structured clinical interview were correlated with the DN4 scores. Information on potential confounders of neuropathic‐like qualities of knee pain was collected to evaluate as much as possible only the symptoms attributable to OA.ResultsOf 2,776 patients recruited, 2,167 patients provided valid data from 2,992 knees. The DN4 was scored positively (≥ 4) in 1,125 patients (51.9%) and 1,459 knees (48.8%). When patients with potential confounders were excluded, the respective prevalences were 33.3% and 29.4%. Patients who scored positively in the DN4 had more severe pain, greater structural damage, and more potential confounders of neuropathic pain. Three potential confounders conveyed much of the variability explained by regression analyses. However, latent class analyses revealed that the concourse of other factors is required to explain the neuropathic pain qualities.ConclusionsA relevant proportion of patients with chronic pain associated with knee OA featured neuropathic pain qualities that were not explained by other conditions. The present research has provided reasonable epidemiological grounds to attempt their definite diagnosis and classification.
Resistance to Cephus cinctus Norton, the wheat stem sawfly, in a recombinant inbred line population of wheat derived from two resistance sources
Authors: Talbert Luther E. , Sherman Jamie D. , Hofland Megan L. , Lanning Susan P. , Blake Nancy K. , Grabbe Reagan , Lamb Peggy F. , Martin John M. , Weaver David K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSeveral species of wheat stem sawflies (WSS) are pests of wheat, including Cephus cinctus Norton in North America. Larvae feed inside the stems and cut the stem near plant maturity. The primary means of control is resistance due to solid stems, largely controlled by a locus on chromosome 3B (Qss.msub‐3BL). Cultivars that differed for WSS resistance, but with similar stem solidness, were crossed to determine the genetic basis for the differences. The cultivar ‘Scholar’ is susceptible, while ‘Conan’ shows resistance. Scholar and Conan possessed different alleles at Qss.msub‐3BL. Both alleles conferred solidness, yet the Conan allele conferred higher WSS resistance. An allele from Conan on chromosome 4A also decreased infestation and stem cutting. The 3B and 4A alleles from Conan acted in an additive fashion to provide increased WSS resistance without increasing stem solidness. Stem solidness has long been used by breeders as a proxy for WSS resistance because of its simplicity. Our results suggest that other resistance mechanisms may complement solid stems.