bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retos y respuestas en la gestión europea de las aguas: los sistemas de riego por aspersión en el Noroeste de España
Authors: Guillet David , Hobbs Anne Marie 
Published: June 2015

<p>Los sistemas eficientes de distribución de aguas están siendo cada vez más reconocidos por su potencial para incrementar la agricultura sostenible en regiones áridas y semiáridas al sur de Europa. En España, los sistemas de riego por aspersión han sido adoptados ampliamente desde la década de los sesenta. La cuenca del río Duero es una de las regiones donde su uso ha sido más acentuado. Al sur del Duero, en donde predominan las grandes propiedades de tierra, los sistemas de pivote central y movimiento lineal permanentes han sido las técnicas más utilizadas. Al norte del Duero, donde las propiedades son más reducidas, las familias de agricultores prefieren los sistemas de riego manuales o fijos.</p> <p>Este artículo trata de la adopción y el uso de sistemas de riego por aspersión por los agricultores en el norte del Duero, en el área del río Órbigo, en la provincia de León. Los datos recogidos provienen de una encuesta que se llevó a cabo en 1997 con 356 agricultores provenientes de dieciséis localidades. Se comprobó que las diferencias agroecológicas en cada lugar son el factor más determinante en la adopción del sistema de riego por aspersión. Distintas variables en cada hogar explican las diferencias individuales en el uso de éste. La sección que concluye este artículo evalúa el papel que juegan los sistemas de riego por aspersión de pequeña escala utilizados por las familias agricultores para la gestión sostenible de las aguas en el sur de Europa.</p>
Recordando a Remy Presas: Una perspectiva vital en las artes marciales
Authors: Hobart Peter 
Published: June 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Professor Remy Presas was the founder of a style of martial arts called Modern Arnis. The Professor brought this knowledge and his own innovations to the U.S.A. and the rest of the world beginning in the mid-1970s, and was one of four headmasters who formed an alliance, sharing ideas and students throughout the decades that followed. Professor Presas died before being interviewed for this series, so this retrospective is comprised of the stories and memories of many of those who knew and loved him.</span></span></span></p>
La Doncella de Yue: fuente de la teoría de las artes marciales chinas
Authors: Henning Stanley E. 
Published: June 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Maiden of Yue story is a short, legendary tale that describes the essence of Chinese martial arts theory. It is the earliest such description in Chinese history (written 25-220 C.E.) and has been quoted or paraphrased by other martial artists over the centuries, including Wu Yuxiang (1812-1880) (Xu, 1936: Part 3, 52), the first individual to compile and transmit what came to be known as Taijiquan theory. The story concisely describes both internal and external characteristics that combine mental and physical attributes and counter the fallacy of later artificial categorizations of the Chinese martial arts into Internal and External Schools. </span></span></span></p>
Chenjiagou: la historia de la Aldea del Taiji
Authors: Gaffney David 
Published: June 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This article explores how various political, social, and environmental factors helped to shape the face of taijiquan in the art's birthplace, Chenjiagou. By looking at the impact of the some of the major historical Chen taijiquan figures and examining the social context within which they operated, we can better understand the system's evolution. Research included a number of visits to Chenjiagou, where the author interviewed some of the leading Chen Style teachers, as well as an examination of published literature in the fields of both taijiquan and wider political and economic commentaries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Literature included both historical records and up-to-date studies. In spite of outside intrusion, great social and economic hardship, and inevitably changing lifestyles, Chenjiagou has managed to hold onto its martial traditions and looks set for a bright future in the twenty-first century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
Efectos de la práctica del tai chi chuan sobre la calidad del sueño
Authors: Jiménez Pedro Jesús 
Published: June 2015

<p><strong><em>Aim</em></strong><strong>:</strong> This paper reviews international studies on the effects of Tai Chi Chuan (a.k.a. taichi, <em>taiji</em> or <em>taijiquan</em>) on sleep with the aim of clarifying the research framework, which are its causes and effects.</p><p><strong><em>Method: </em></strong>The literature search was carried out on the basis of seven international databases on October 2011.</p><strong><em>Results/Conclusions: </em></strong>The review works on the subject are scarce and address a small number of studies, while specific works confirm that tai chi chuan produces a significant improvement over the stability (sleep disruption) and quality (efficacy and duration) of nighttime sleep, and an overall improvement on daytime sleep, although to enjoy these benefits its required a minimum of practice. The physiological causes that lead to this improvement are still to be determined.
Characterization of kinesiological patterns of the frontal kick, mae-geri, in karate experts and non-karate practitioners
Authors: VencesBrito António M. , Branco Marco A. Colaço , Fernandes Renato M. Cordeiro , Ferreira Mário A. Rodrigues , Fernandes Orlando J. S. M. , Figueiredo Abel A. Abreu , Branco Gonçalo 
Published: June 2015

Presently, coaches and researchers need to have a better comprehension of the kinesiological parameters that should be an important tool to support teaching methodologies and to improve skills performance in sports. The aim of this study was to (i) identify the kinematic and neuromuscular control patterns of the front kick (<em>mae-geri</em>) to a fixed target performed by 14 experienced karate practitioners, and (ii) compare it with the execution of 16 participants without any karate experience, allowing the use of those references in the analysis of the training and learning process. Results showed that the kinematic and neuromuscular activity during the kick performance occurs within 600 ms. Muscle activity and kinematic analysis demonstrated a sequence of activation bracing a proximal-to-distal direction, with the muscles presenting two distinct periods of activity (1, 2), where the karateka group has a greater intensity of activation – root mean square (RMS) and electromyography (EMG) peak – in the first period on <em>Rectus Femoris</em> (RF1) and <em>Vastus Lateralis</em> (VL1) and a lower duration of co-contraction in both periods on <em>Rectus Femoris</em>-<em>Biceps Femoris</em> and <em>Vastus Lateralis</em>-<em>Biceps Femoris</em> (RF-BF; VL-BF). In the skill performance, the hip flexion, the knee extension and the ankle plantar flexion movements were executed with smaller difference in the range of action (ROA) in the karateka group, reflecting different positions of the segments. In conclusion, it was observed a general kinesiological pattern, which was similar in karateka and non-karateka practitioners. However, in the karateka group, the training induces a specialization in the muscle activity reflected in EMG and kinematic data, which leads to a better ballistic performance in the execution of the <em>mae-geri</em> kick, associated with a maximum speed of the distal segments, reached closer to the impact moment, possibly representing more power in the contact.
An Analysis of the Coal and Coalbed Methane Resources of the Piceance Basin, Colorado
Authors: McFall K. S. , Wicks D. E. , Kelson B. , Sedwick K. , Brandenburg C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
The Piceance Basin in northwestern Colorado contains the largest concentration of coalbed methane in the U.S. A detailed geologic analysis of the basin shows that the basin contains 84 Tcf of coalbed methane in-place. The east-central area of the basin contains the greatest volume of resource and is a potentially promising area for gas recovery due to its proximity to structural deformation and consequent permeability enhancement.
The geologic analysis compiled extensive well data to correlate and map the subsurface extent of the Cretaceous age coals thereby determining coal volumes. Newly derived correlations of coal rank/depth with gas content were used along with coal volume to estimate in-place gas.
Measurement and Modeling of Solubility and Saturated-Liquid Density and Viscosity for Methane/Athabasca-Bitumen Mixtures
Authors: Nourozieh Hossein , Kariznovi Mohammad , Abedi Jalal 
Published: June 2015

Summary
In the steam-based recovery processes, the coinjected gas can dissolve and diffuse into bitumen or heavy oil for viscosity reduction. The equilibrium concentration and solubility of methane are governed by the complex interaction with the bitumen. Thus, it is necessary to know the quantitative effects of gas dissolution on bitumen viscosity, density, and phase behavior at elevated temperatures in which steam-based processes are applied.
Thus, this study aims at providing necessary experimental data for methane/Athabasca bitumen over a wide range of temperatures and pressures (up to 190°C and 10 MPa); that is, conditions that approach the temperatures at in-situ steam processes. Our previously designed phase-behavior experimental apparatus was used to measure the solubility of methane in Athabasca bitumen and its corresponding saturated-phase properties. Then, the measured solubility and density data were modeled with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (EOS) (Robinson and Peng 1978).
The results indicate that the effect of temperature on the solubility profile of the methane/Athabasca-bitumen mixture is negligible at high temperatures and there is a distinct difference in the solubility data at 50°C compared with other isotherms (100, 150, and 190°C). Therefore, a reduction in viscosity at higher temperatures is much lower compared with a similar reduction at low temperature (50°C). There is a linear relationship between the methane-saturated viscosity and pressure for all temperatures in a semilog plot. The EOS modeling results also show that temperature-dependent binary-interaction parameters and volume-translation values should be considered to match density and solubility data.
Word Recall: Cognitive Performance Within Internet Surveys
Authors: Runge Shannon K , Craig Benjamin M , Jim Heather S 
Published: June 2015

Background
The use of online surveys for data collection has increased exponentially, yet it is often unclear whether interview-based cognitive assessments (such as face-to-face or telephonic word recall tasks) can be adapted for use in application-based research settings.

Objective
The objective of the current study was to compare and characterize the results of online word recall tasks to those of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and determine the feasibility and reliability of incorporating word recall tasks into application-based cognitive assessments.

Methods
The results of the online immediate and delayed word recall assessment, included within the Women’s Health and Valuation (WHV) study, were compared to the results of the immediate and delayed recall tasks of Waves 5-11 (2000-2012) of the HRS.

Results
Performance on the WHV immediate and delayed tasks demonstrated strong concordance with performance on the HRS tasks (ρc=.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.91), despite significant differences between study populations (P<.001) and study design. Sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported memory demonstrated similar relationships with performance on both the HRS and WHV tasks.

Conclusions
The key finding of this study is that the HRS word recall tasks performed similarly when used as an online cognitive assessment in the WHV. Online administration of cognitive tests, which has the potential to significantly reduce participant and administrative burden, should be considered in future research studies and health assessments.
The Digital Distribution of Public Health News Surrounding the Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Longitudinal Infodemiology Study
Authors: Mahoney L Meghan , Tang Tang , Ji Kai , Ulrich-Schad Jessica 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundNew media changes the dissemination of public health information and misinformation. During a guest appearance on the Today Show, US Representative Michele Bachmann claimed that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines could cause “mental retardation”.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore how new media influences the type of public health information users access, as well as the impact to these platforms after a major controversy. Specifically, this study aims to examine the similarities and differences in the dissemination of news articles related to the HPV vaccination between Google News and Twitter, as well as how the content of news changed after Michele Bachmann’s controversial comment.MethodsThis study used a purposive sampling to draw the first 100 news articles that appeared on Google News and the first 100 articles that appeared on Twitter from August 1-October 31, 2011. Article tone, source, topics, concerns, references, publication date, and interactive features were coded. The intercoder reliability had a total agreement of .90.ResultsResults indicate that 44.0% of the articles (88/200) about the HPV vaccination had a positive tone, 32.5% (65/200) maintained a neutral tone, while 23.5% (47/200) presented a negative tone. Protection against diseases 82.0% (164/200), vaccine eligibility for females 75.5% (151/200), and side effects 59.0% (118/200) were the top three topics covered by these articles. Google News and Twitter articles significantly differed in article tone, source, topics, concerns covered, types of sources referenced in the article, and uses of interactive features. Most notably, topic focus changed from public health information towards political conversation after Bachmann’s comment. Before the comment, the HPV vaccine news talked more often about vaccine dosing (P<.001), duration (P=.005), vaccine eligibility for females (P=.03), and protection against diseases (P=.04) than did the later pieces. After the controversy, the news topic shifted towards politics (P=.01) and talked more about HPV vaccine eligibility for males (P=.01).ConclusionsThis longitudinal infodemiology study suggests that new media influences public health communication, knowledge transaction, and poses potential problems in the amount of misinformation disseminated during public health campaigns. In addition, the study calls for more research to adopt an infodemiology approach to explore relationships between online information supply and public health decisions.
Neuroimaging findings in pediatric sports-related concussion
Authors: Ellis Michael J. , Leiter Jeff , Hall Thomas , McDonald Patrick J. , Sawyer Scott , Silver Norm , Bunge Martin , Essig Marco 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
The goal in this review was to summarize the results of clinical neuroimaging studies performed in patients with sports-related concussion (SRC) who were referred to a multidisciplinar ypediatric concussion program.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of medical records and neuroimaging findings for all patients referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age ≤ 19 years; and 2) physician-diagnosed SRC. All patients underwent evaluation and follow-up by the same neurosurgeon. The 2 outcomes examined in this review were the frequency of neuroimaging studies performed in this population (including CT and MRI) and the findings of those studies. Clinical indications for neuroimaging and the impact of neuroimaging findings on clinical decision making were summarized where available. This investigation was approved by the local institutional ethics review board.

RESULTS
A total of 151 patients (mean age 14 years, 59% female) were included this study. Overall, 36 patients (24%) underwent neuroimaging studies, the results of which were normal in 78% of cases. Sixteen percent of patients underwent CT imaging; results were normal in 79% of cases. Abnormal CT findings included the following: arachnoid cyst (1 patient), skull fracture (2 patients), suspected intracranial hemorrhage (1 patient), and suspected hemorrhage into an arachnoid cyst (1 patient). Eleven percent of patients underwent MRI; results were normal in 75% of cases. Abnormal MRI findings included the following: intraparenchymal hemorrhage and sylvian fissure arachnoid cyst (1 patient); nonhemorrhagic contusion (1 patient); demyelinating disease (1 patient); and posterior fossa arachnoid cyst, cerebellar volume loss, and nonspecific white matter changes (1 patient).

CONCLUSIONS
Results of clinical neuroimaging studies are normal in the majority of pediatric patients with SRC. However, in selected cases neuroimaging can provide information that impacts decision making about return to play and retirement from the sport.
Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion
Authors: Ellis Michael J. , Cordingley Dean , Vis Sara , Reimer Karen , Leiter Jeff , Russell Kelly 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board.

RESULTS
A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5–54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13–32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04–16.16).

CONCLUSIONS
Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort.
Patterns of Tau and α-Synuclein Pathology in the Visual System
Authors: Rahimi Jasmin , Milenkovic Ivan , Kovacs Gabor G. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Spreading of misfolded proteins has been suggested for neurodegenerative diseases. The hierarchical distribution of protein deposits in Alzheimer‘s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) supports this concept. Objectives: To evaluate α-synuclein and tau-deposition in the optic pathway as an excellent anatomical model, which follows a strict trajectory including a cortico-geniculate feedback connection. Methods: We immunostained the optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and occipital cortex for AT8 (phosphorylated tau), α-synuclein, and disease-associated prion protein (PrP) in 47 cases with tau pathology (AD type, argyrophilic grain disease, or progressive supranuclear palsy), 16 PD, and 5 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) cases, respectively. Results: We detected immunoreactivity for all proteins along the optic pathway. The optic nerve showed immunopositivity only in cases with tau (6/8, 75%) or α-synuclein (5/7, 71%) pathology. The LGN was involved also frequently (tau: 22/47, 46.8% ; α-synuclein: 15/16, 93.7% ; PrP 5/5, 100%). The occipital cortex was variably affected by tau or α-synuclein pathology, but always showed PrP immunoreactivity in the CJD cases. Tau pathology in the LGN correlated with tau immunoreactivity in the occipital cortex and Braak stages of neurofibrillary degeneration. In tauopathies, which do not involve the occipital cortex, like argyrophilic grain disease or progressive supranuclear palsy, tau pathology was more frequently astrocytic in the LGN. Conclusions: Our results have implications 1) for the understanding of disease spreading along neural pathways and 2) for the diagnostic evaluation of the visual system in neurodegenerative proteinopathies as a potential biomarker to evaluate disease progression or subgrouping of cases.
Local Change in Urinary Bladder Contractility Following CNS Dopamine Denervation in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mitra Reinika , Aronsson Patrik , Winder Michael , Tobin Gunnar , Bergquist Filip , Carlsson Thomas 
Published: June 2015

Background: Urinary problems, including urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia are some of the non-motor symptoms that correlate most with poor quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanism behind these symptoms is poorly understood, in particular regarding peripheral bladder pathophysiology following dopamine degeneration. Objective: In this study, we compared the contractile responsiveness of urinary bladder from the 6-OHDA unilateral rat model of Parkinson’s disease with that of normal untreated animals. Methods: The contractility of the urinary detrusor muscle was evaluated in bladder strip preparations using electrical field stimulation, and muscarinic and purinoceptor stimulations in an vitro organ bath setup. Results: Our data show that the overall contractile response following electrical field stimulation was significantly higher (43% at maximum contraction by 20–40 Hz stimulation) in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats as compared to control animals. This increase was associated with a significant increase in the cholinergic contractile response, where the muscarinic agonist methacholine produced a 44% (at 10 −4 M concentration) higher response in the 6-OHDA-treated rats as compared to controls with a significant left-shift of the dose response. This indicates an altered sensitivity of the muscarinic receptor system following the specific central 6-OHDA-induced dopamine depletion. In addition a 36% larger contraction of strips from the 6-OHDA animals was also observed with purinoceptor activation using the agonist ATP (5×10 −3 M) during atropine treatment. Conclusions: Our data shows that it is not only the central dopamine control of the micturition reflex that is altered in Parkinson’s disease, but also the local contractile function of the urinary bladder. The current study draws attention to a mechanism of urinary dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease that has previously not been described.