bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐grained traffic classification based on functional separation
Authors: Park Byungchul , Won Youngjoon , Chung JaeYoon , Kim Myung‐sup , Hong James Won‐Ki 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYCurrent efforts to classify Internet traffic highlight accuracy. Previous studies have focused on the detection of major applications such as P2P and streaming applications. However, these applications can generate various types of traffic which are often considered as minor and ignorant traffic portions. As network applications become more complex, the price paid for not concentrating on minor traffic classes is in reduction of accuracy and completeness. In this context, we propose a fine‐grained traffic classification scheme and its detailed method, called functional separation. Our proposal can detect, according to functionalities, different types of traffic generated by a single application and should increase completeness by reducing the amount of undetected traffic. We verify our method with real‐world traffic. Our performance comparison against existing DPI‐based classification frameworks shows that the fine‐grained classification scheme achieves consistently higher accuracyand completeness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WHAT SHAPES CITIZENS' EVALUATIONS OF THEIR PUBLIC OFFICIALS' ACCOUNTABILITY? EVIDENCE FROM LOCAL ETHIOPIA
Authors: Jilke Sebastian 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYIn this article, we study which institutional factors shape citizens' views of the local accountability of their public officials. Our departing assumption is that evaluations of local accountability reflect not only citizens' poltical attitudes and beliefs but also whether local institutions contribute to an environment of mutual trust, accountability and ultimately democratic legitimacy. Combining public opinion data from a large‐N citizen survey (N = 10 651) with contextual information for 63 local governments in Ethiopia, we look at access to information, participatory planning and the publicness of basic services as potential predictors of citizens' evaluations of local public officials. Our findings suggest that local context matters. Jurisdictions that provide access to information on political decision making are perceived to have more accountable officials. Moreover, when local governments provide public fora that facilitate citizens' stakes in local planning processes, it positively affects citizens' evaluations of the accountability of their officials. Our study adds to the empirical literatrure by showing that establishing local institutions that can foster citizen–government relations at the local level through inclusive processes is crucial for improving public perceptions of accountability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cycling for people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Gallen Ian W 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCycling is increasing in popularity for both recreational and practical purposes. Marked changes in blood glucose are seen during and following cycling, with risk of hypoglycaemia. There is now an extensive body of clinical and research evidence to assist the clinician when advising the person with type 1 diabetes mellitus, to help people manage diabetes and exercise more effectively. Fortuitously, much of the research evidence is based on cycling. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Two cases of type 1 diabetes in adolescents: to test blood glucose or not to test?
Authors: Yafi Michael 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCoping with diabetes and managing daily challenges remain a major factor in adolescents. After initial diagnosis, the daily management of diabetes happens at home. Dealing with diabetes on a daily basis affects dietary habits and physical activities. Daily multiple testing of finger blood glucose levels increases the emotional burden of the disease. Clarifying the responsibility for diabetes self‐management should be a continuous dialogue between adolescents and parents.These are two cases of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus that did not have direct parental supervision at home. The two adolescents concerned have altered the results of their self‐glucose monitoring to obtain secondary gain and avoid diabetes self‐management, showing how manipulative teenagers can be when it comes to dealing with diabetes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Computational modeling of block‐copolymer directed self‐assembly
Authors: Ginzburg Valeriy V. , Weinhold Jeffrey D. , Trefonas Peter 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDirected self‐assembly (DSA) is a potentially promising method of writing lithographic patterns on a sub‐40 nm length‐scale. While the utility of DSA has been demonstrated in principle, there are many challenges that need to be solved before its wide adoption in the semiconductor industry. Computational modeling is crucial in addressing many of those challenges, for example, optimizing polymer formulations, producing a better pattern, or predicting the defect density. In particular, the use of mesoscale approaches such as Self‐Consistent Field Theory (SCFT), coarse‐grained Monte Carlo, coarse‐grained Molecular Dynamics, and Dynamic Density Functional Theory (DDFT) to describe polymer morphology—both bulk and in confinement—is now widespread. These models are used to predict phase behavior of block copolymers in thin films (undirected self‐assembly), as well as in cases of chemo‐ and graphoepitaxy (DSA). In the near future, modeling is expected to be an integral part of formulation design and screening process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 90–95
Engineered solubility tag for solution NMR of proteins
Authors: Ruschak Amy M. , Rose Justine D. , Coughlin Michael P. , Religa Tomasz L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe low solubility of many proteins hinders large scale expression and purification as well as biophysical measurements. Here, we devised a general strategy to solubilize a protein by conjugating it at a solvent‐exposed position to a 6 kDa protein that was re‐engineered to be highly soluble. We applied this method to the CARD domain of Apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC), which represents one member of a class of proteins that are notoriously prone to aggregation. Attachment of the tag to a cysteine residue, introduced by site‐directed mutagenesis at its self‐association interface, improved the solubility of the ASC CARD over 50‐fold under physiological conditions. Although it is not possible to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to obtain a high quality 2D correlation spectrum of the wild type domain under physiological conditions, we demonstrate that NMR relaxation parameters of the solubilized variant are sufficiently improved to facilitate virtually any demanding measurement. The method shown here represents a straightforward approach for dramatically increasing protein solubility, enabled by ease of labeling as well as flexibility in tag placement with minimal perturbation to the target. © 2013 The Protein Society
Phasing statistics for alpha helical membrane protein structures
Authors: Parker Joanne L. , Newstead Simon 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this report we highlight the latest trends in phasing methods used to solve alpha helical membrane protein structures and analyze the use of heavy atom metals for the purpose of experimental phasing. Our results reveal that molecular replacement is emerging as the most successful method for phasing alpha helical membrane proteins, with the notable exception of the transporter family, where experimentally derived phase information still remains the most effective method. To facilitate selection of heavy atoms salts for experimental phasing an analysis of these was undertaken and indicates that organic mercury salts are still the most successful heavy atoms reagents. Interestingly the use of seleno‐l‐methionine incorporated protein has increased since earlier studies into membrane protein phasing, so too the use of SAD and MAD as techniques for phase determination. Taken together this study provides a brief snapshot of phasing methods for alpha helical membrane proteins and suggests possible routes for heavy atom selection and phasing methods based on currently available data.
School, teacher, peers, and parents' goals emphases and adolescents' motivation to learn science in and out of school
Authors: Vedder‐Weiss Dana , Fortus David 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAchievement goal theory distinguishes between mastery goals (the goals of developing competence) and performance goals (the goals of demonstrating competence) [Ames [1992] Journal of Educational Psychology 84: 261–271]. In this study, we employed this theory aiming to better understand why adolescents' motivation to learn science declines with age in many schools yet not in others. We collected survey data from 5th to 8th grade Israeli students (N = 1,614). Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methods, we investigated the relations between students' perceptions of goals emphases in their environment (by parents, peers, teachers, and schools), their own goals orientations and their engagement in science learning in and out of school (classroom and extra‐curricular engagement). In addition, we compared between these relations in traditional and democratic schools and in elementary and middle school grade levels. Findings show that: (A) perceptions of the goals that significant adults (parents and teachers) emphasize were better predictors of students' motivation, in and out of school, than perceptions of the goals that peers and schools emphasize; (B) perceptions of teachers' performance goals emphases negatively predicted classroom engagement; (C) the relative effect of perceived parents' mastery emphasis on extra‐curricular engagement was higher in elementary grades than in middle school grades; (D) the relative effect of perceived school's mastery emphasis was higher in middle school grades than in elementary grades; and (E) students' mastery goals orientation in science class was a strong predictor of their extra‐curricular engagement. Implications for both research and practice are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 952–988, 2013
Treatment with garlic restores membrane thiol content and ameliorates lead induced early death of erythrocytes in mice
Authors: Sarkar Avik , Sengupta Dipanwita , Mandal Samir , Sen Gargi , Dutta Chowdhury Kaustav , Chandra Sadhukhan Gobinda 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSequelae of chronic lead (Pb2+) toxicity includes anemia that is partially due to early death of erythrocytes characterized by excess accumulation of ROS and downregulation of antioxidant system causing oxidative stress and externalization of phosphatidylserine. In this study, pathophysiological based therapeutic application of garlic was evaluated against erythrocyte death. Results suggest that garlic administration prevents oxidative stress, restored the antioxidant balance in erythrocytes of Pb2+ exposed mice. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that activity of both scramblase and aminophospholipid translocase could be changed by modifying the critical sulfhydryl groups in presence of dithiothreitol during Pb2+ exposure. Data also indicated that garlic treatment in Pb2+ exposed mice exhibited sharp decline in PS exposure and increase in erythrocyte membrane thiol group followed by increase in aminophospholipid translocase activity and decline in scramblase activity. Findings indicated that garlic has the ability to restore the lifespan of erythrocytes during Pb2+ exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 396–410, 2015.
Unusually High Levels of n‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Whale Sharks and Reef Manta Rays
Authors: Couturier L. I. E. , Rohner C. A. , Richardson A. J. , Pierce S. J. , Marshall A. D. , Jaine F. R. A. , Townsend K. A. , Bennett M. B. , Weeks S. J. , Nichols P. D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFatty acid (FA) signature analysis has been increasingly used to assess dietary preferences and trophodynamics in marine animals. We investigated FA signatures of connective tissue of the whale shark Rhincodon typus and muscle tissue of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi. We found high levels of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), dominated by arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6; 12–17 % of total FA), and comparatively lower levels of the essential n‐3 PUFA—eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3; ~1 %) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3; 3–10 %). Whale sharks and reef manta rays are regularly observed feeding on surface aggregations of coastal crustacean zooplankton during the day, which generally have FA profiles dominated by n‐3 PUFA. The high levels of n‐6 PUFA in both giant elasmobranchs raise new questions about the origin of their main food source.
Predictive value of vertebral artery extracranial color‐coded duplex sonography for ischemic stroke‐related vertigo
Authors: Liou Li‐Min , Lin Hsiu‐Fen , Huang I‐Fang , Chang Yang‐Pei , Lin Ruey‐Tay , Lai Chiou‐Lian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractVertigo can be a major presentation of posterior circulation stroke and can be easily misdiagnosed because of its complicated presentation. We thus prospectively assessed the predictive value of vertebral artery extracranial color‐coded duplex sonography (ECCS) for the prediction of ischemic stroke‐related vertigo. The inclusion criteria were: (1) a sensation of whirling (vertigo); (2) intractable vertigo for more than 1 hour despite appropriate treatment; and (3) those who could complete cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and vertebral artery (V2 segment) ECCS studies. Eventually, 76 consecutive participants with vertigo were enrolled from Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao‐Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan between August 2010 and August 2011. Demographic data, neurological symptoms, neurologic examinations, and V2 ECCS were assessed. We chose the parameters of peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), PSV/EDV, mean velocity (MV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) to represent the hemodynamics. Values from both sides of V2 segments were averaged. We then calculated the average RI (aRI), average PI (aPI), average PSV (aPSV)/EDV, and average (aMV). Axial and coronal diffusion‐weighted MRI findings determined the existence of acute ischemic stroke. We grouped and analyzed participants in two ways (way I and way II analyses) based on the diffusion‐weighted MRI findings (to determine whether there was acute stroke) and neurological examinations. Using way I analysis, the “MRI (+)” group had significantly higher impedance (aRI, aPI, and aPSV/EDV ratio) and lower velocity (aPSV, aEDV, and aMV(PSV + EDV/2)), compared to the “MRI (–)” group. The cutoff value/sensitivity/specificity of aPSV, aEDV, aMV, aPI, aRI, and aPSV/EDV between the MRI (+) and MRI (–) groups were 41.15/61.5/66.0 (p = 0.0101), 14.55/69.2/72.0 (p = 0.0003), 29.10/92.1/38.0 (p = 0.0013), 1.07/76.9/64.0 (p = 0.0066), 0.62/76.9/64.0 (p = 0.0076), and 2.69/80.8/66.0 (p = 0.0068), respectively. Using way II analysis, lower aEDV and aMV, and higher aRI, aPI, and aPSV/EDV ratio could determine the “MRI (+) without focal signs” group. The cutoff value/sensitivity/specificity of aEDV, aMV, aPI, aRI, and aPSV/EDV between the MRI (+) without focal signs and MRI (–) groups were 9.10/71.4/96.0 (p = 0.0005), 15.65/57.1/96.0 (p = 0.0124), 1.10/100/70.0 (p = 0.0002), 0.64/100/70.0 (p = 0.0023), and 2.80/100/70.0 (p = 0.0017), respectively. In conclusion, using demographic data and clinical symptoms, it was difficult to determine the patients with ischemic stroke‐related vertigo. Although neurological examinations still have diagnostic value, the high impedance and low velocity pattern of V2 ECCS can be an add‐on method for the screening of acute ischemic stroke‐related vertigo, even for those without focal neurological signs.
Targeted serum miRNA (TSmiR) test for diagnosis and follow‐up of (testicular) germ cell cancer patients: A proof of principle
Authors: Gillis Ad J.M. , Rijlaarsdam Martin A. , Eini Ronak , Dorssers Lambert C.J. , Biermann Katharina , Murray Matthew J. , Nicholson James C. , Coleman Nicholas , Dieckmann Klaus-Peter , Belge Gazanfer , Bullerdiek Jörn , Xu Tom , Bernard Nathalie , Looijenga Leendert H.J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGerm cell cancers (GCC) are the most frequent malignancy in young Caucasian males. GCC can consist of seminomas (SE) and non‐seminomas (malignant NS: embryonal carcinoma (EC), yolk sac tumor (YS), choriocarcinoma (CH) and teratoma (TE)). Current serum‐markers used for diagnosis and follow‐up (AFP, hCG) are predominantly related to YS and CH and marker positivity can vary during disease. Therefore, stable markers consistently identifying more GCC components, specifically the stem cell components SE and EC, are of interest. Expression of the embryonic stem cell miR‐371‐3 and miR‐302/367 clusters in SE/EC/YS suggest possible application of these micro‐RNAs as GCC tumor‐markers. The TSmiR protocol constitutes a complete, quality‐controlled pipeline for the detection of miRs in serum, based on magnetic bead‐based purification and qPCR quantification. As a proof of principle, TSmiR was applied to five independent serum sample series including 80 GCCs, 47 controls, 11 matched pre/post orchidectomy samples and 12 no‐GCC testicular masses. GCC serum samples showed a consistent, significant (p < 0.0064) increase of miR‐371/372/373/367 levels. Analogous, serum levels returned to baseline after orchidectomy (stage‐I disease). Moreover, there was a trend toward higher miR levels in patients with metastasis. These results imply suitability for diagnosis and follow‐up. TSmiR showed an overall sensitivity of 98%, clearly outperforming the traditional serum markers AFP/hCG (36%/57%, sensitivityAFP = 3%/45%; sensitivityhCG = 62%/66%, SE/NS). TSmiR misclassified one tumor as a control. Serum AFP/hCG and TSmiR combined identified all T samples correctly. In conclusion, TSmiR constitutes a highly sensitive and reproducible serum test for GCC patients, suitable to be prospectively tested for diagnostic and follow‐up purposes.
Bronze Age ‘Herostrats’: Ritual, Political, and Domestic Economies in Early Bronze Age Denmark
Authors: Holst Mads Kähler , Rasmussen Marianne , Kristiansen Kristian , Bech Jens-Henrik 
Published: August 2013

In this article we argue that within the Danish Bronze Age there was a short-lived period (roughly 1500–1150bc) that witnessed a dramatic investment of resources into the construction of monumental architecture in the form of barrows and long houses. These investments had far-reaching long-term effects on the local landscape with negative consequences for agricultural productivity. We use two extraordinary well-documented excavations of a barrow (Skelhøj) and a long house (Legård) as a model for labour organisation and resource allocation, which is calculated against the number of barrows and long houses recorded in the Danish Sites and Monuments database for the period. An astonishing minimum of 50,000 barrows were constructed, devastating an estimated 120,000–150,000 hectares of grassland. During the same time period an estimated 200,000 long houses were constructed and renewed every 30–60 years. In densely settled regions the effects are easily recognisable in pollen diagrams as a near-complete deforestation. Thereby, the productive potential of the economy was, in effect, reduced.The situation was unsustainable in a long-term perspective and, at least on a local scale, it implied the risk of collapse. On the other hand, the exploitation of resources also appears to have entailed a new way of operating in the landscape, which led to a new organisation of the landscape itself and a restructuring of society in the Late Bronze Age. The intense character of these investments in monumental architecture is assumed to rely primarily on ritual and competitive rationales, and it exemplifies how the overall economy may be considered an unstable or contradictory interplay between ritual, political, and domestic rationales.1
2-Log-Concavity of the Boros–Moll Polynomials
Authors: Chen William Y. C. , Xia Ernest X. W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Boros–Moll polynomialsPm(a)arise in the evaluation of a quartic integral. It has been conjectured by Boros and Moll that these polynomials are infinitely log-concave. In this paper, we show thatPm(a)is 2-log-concave for anym≥ 2. Letdi(m)be the coefficient ofaiinPm(a). We also show that the sequenceis log-concave.
EFFECTIVE HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE (DORMEX®) APPLICATION FOR BUD BREAK, FLOWERING AND NUT YIELD OF PISTACHIO TREES CV. MATEUR IN WARM GROWING AREAS
Authors: GHRAB MOHAMED , BEN MIMOUN MEHDI 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYClimate change characterized by global warming is expected to have an incidence on fruit trees’ development and production. The severity of these effects depends on lack of chilling. The current study focused on the research of an optimal dose of hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex®) treatment which can advance the bud break of female pistachio trees (Pistacia veraL.) to ensure better blooming synchronization with pollinators. A field experiment was conducted in northern Tunisia (36°49′N, 9°48′E) on mature pistachio trees. Two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 2% and 4% Dormex® were applied with reference to the control untreated trees. The flowering time, vegetative growth, starch content, productivity and nut characters were followed. Results show that 4% Dormex® advanced the normal bud break by 15 days and flowering by 11 days and improved natural pollination by synchronization of male and female flowers. Consequently, fresh yield and nut quality as split and blank rates and nut weight were improved. However, shoot growth, leaf area and starch content in current shoot seemed unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide applications. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used as 4% Dormex® and sprayed 45 days before bud break to improve pistachio productivity and prevent anomalies of lack of chilling due to global warming that could be more frequent in the Mediterranean areas.
Detecting nested clusters of human alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: SAID-ALI ZEINABA , GRENOUILLET FRÉDÉRIC , KNAPP JENNY , BRESSON-HADNI SOLANGE , VUITTON DOMINIQUE ANGÈLE , RAOUL FRANCIS , RICHOU CARINE , MILLON LAURENCE , GIRAUDOUX PATRICK 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYRecent changes in the epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Eurasia have led to increasing concerns about the risk of human AE and the need for a thorough evaluation of the epidemiological situation. The aim of this study was to explore the use of a National Register to detect complex distribution patterns on several scales. The data were human AE cases from the FrancEchino register, diagnosed in France from 1982 to 2011. We used the Kulldorff spatial scan analysis to detect non-random locations of cases. We proposed an exploratory method that was based on the successive detection of nested clusters inside each of the statistically significant larger clusters. This method revealed at least 4 levels of disease clusters during the study period. The spatial variations of cluster location over time were also shown. We conclude that National Human AE registers, although not exempted from epidemiological biases, are currently the best way to achieve an accurate representation of human AE distribution on various scales. Finally, we confirm the multi-scale clustered distribution of human AE, and we hypothesize that our study may be a reasonable starting point from which to conduct additional research and explore the processes that underlie such distributions.