bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium(I) Dimers Bearing Tripodal Diimine–Enolate Ligands: Proficient Reagents for the Controlled Reductive Activation of CO2 and SO2
Authors: Boutland Aaron J. , Pernik Indrek , Stasch Andreas , Jones Cameron 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe first examples of magnesium(I) dimers bearing tripodal ligands, [(Mg{κ3‐N,N′,O‐(ArNCMe)2(OCCPh2)CH})2] [Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3 (Dip) 7, 2,6‐Et2C6H3 (Dep) 8, or mesityl (Mes) 9] have been prepared by post‐synthetic modification of the β‐diketiminato ligands of previously reported magnesium(I) systems, using diphenylketene, OCCPh2. In contrast, related reactions between β‐diketiminato magnesium(I) dimers and the isoelectronic ketenimine, MesNCCPh2, resulted in reductive insertion of the substrate into the MgMg bond of the magnesium(I) reactant, and formation of [{(Nacnac)Mg}2{μ‐κ2‐N,C‐(Mes)NCCPh2}] (Nacnac=[(ArNCMe)2CH]−; Ar=Dep 10 or Mes 11). Reactions of the four‐coordinate magnesium(I) dimer 8 with excess CO2 are readily controlled, and cleanly give carbonate [(LMg)2(μ‐κ2:κ2‐CO3)] 12 (L=[κ3‐N,N′,O‐(DepNCMe)2(OCCPh2)CH]−; thermodynamic product), or oxalate [(LMg)2(μ‐κ2:κ2‐C2O4)] 13 (kinetic product), depending on the reaction temperature. Compound 12 and CO are formed by reductive disproportionation of CO2, whereas 13 results from reductive coupling of two molecules of the gas. Treatment of 8 with an excess of N2O cleanly gives the μ‐oxo complex [(LMg)2(μ‐O)] 14, which reacts facilely with CO2 to give 12. This result presents the possibility that 14 is an intermediate in the formation of 12 from the reaction of 8 and CO2. In contrast to its reactions with CO2, 8 reacts with SO2 over a wide temperature range to give only one product; the first example of a magnesium dithionite complex, [(LMg)2(μ‐κ2:κ2‐S2O4)] 16, which is formed by reductive coupling of two molecules of SO2, and is closely related to f‐block metal dithionite complexes derived from similar SO2 reductive coupling processes. On the whole, this study strengthens previously proposed analogies between the reactivities of magnesium(I) systems and low‐valent f‐block metal complexes, especially with respect to small molecule activations.
Access to Highly Functionalized Sulfonated Cyclopentanes by Acid‐Promoted Rauhut–Currier Reaction with Sulfinamides
Authors: Gigant Nicolas , Drège Emmanuelle , Retailleau Pascal , Joseph Delphine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn unexpected acid‐mediated cascade reaction induced by conjugate addition of sulfinamides to dienediones has been developed. This highly efficient Rauhut–Currier reaction enables the rapid, high‐yielding construction of sulfonated cyclopentanes with three contiguous stereogenic centers in a single operation starting from simple sulfinamides. This process constitutes the first example of sulfinamide‐promoted cycloisomerization.
Brain region‐dependent differential expression of alpha‐synuclein
Authors: Taguchi Katsutoshi , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Tsujimura Atsushi , Tanaka Masaki 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTα‐Synuclein, the major constituent of Lewy bodies (LBs), is normally expressed in presynapses and is involved in synaptic function. Abnormal intracellular aggregation of α‐synuclein is observed as LBs and Lewy neurites in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies. Accumulated evidence suggests that abundant intracellular expression of α‐synuclein is one of the risk factors for pathological aggregation. Recently, we reported differential expression patterns of α‐synuclein between excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal neurons. Here we further investigated the precise expression profile in the adult mouse brain with special reference to vulnerable regions along the progression of idiopathic PD. The results show that α‐synuclein was highly expressed in the neuronal cell bodies of some early PD‐affected brain regions, such as the olfactory bulb, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and substantia nigra pars compacta. Synaptic expression of α‐synuclein was mostly accompanied by expression of vesicular glutamate transporter‐1, an excitatory presynaptic marker. In contrast, expression of α‐synuclein in the GABAergic inhibitory synapses was different among brain regions. α‐Synuclein was clearly expressed in inhibitory synapses in the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata, but not in the cerebral cortex, subthalamic nucleus, or thalamus. These results suggest that some neurons in early PD‐affected human brain regions express high levels of perikaryal α‐synuclein, as happens in the mouse brain. Additionally, synaptic profiles expressing α‐synuclein are different in various brain regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1236–1258, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ Formation of a Monodispersed Spherical Mesoporous Nanosilica–Torlon Hollow‐Fiber Composite for Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Rownaghi Ali A. , Rezaei Fateme , Labreche Ying , Brennan Patrick J. , Johnson Justin R. , Li Fuyue Stephanie , Koros William J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe describe a new template‐free method for the in situ formation of a monodispersed spherical mesoporous nanosilica–Torlon hollow‐fiber composite. A thin layer of Torlon hollow fiber that comprises silica nanoparticles was created by the in situ extrusion of a tetraethyl orthosilicate/N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solution in a sheath layer and a Torlon polymer dope in a core support layer. This new method can be integrated easily into current hollow‐fiber composite fabrication processes. The hollow‐fiber composites were then functionalized with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (APS) and evaluated for their CO2‐capture performance. The resulting APS‐functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles/Torlon hollow fibers exhibited a high CO2 equilibrium capacity of 1.5 and 1.9 mmol g−1 at 35 and 60 °C, respectively, which is significantly higher than values for fiber sorbents without nanoparticles reported previously.
Cell surface markers and exogenously induced PpIX in synovial mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Denkovskij Jaroslav , Rudys Romualdas , Bernotiene Eiva , Minderis Mindaugas , Bagdonas Saulius , Kirdaite Gailute 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of present study was to assess the expression of surface markers and the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs). SMSC from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 5) and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 5–6) were characterized and their PpIX accumulation rates were evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of the 21 out of 24 tested surface markers, related to stem‐like features and aggressiveness of cells showed no statistically significant differences between RA and OA groups. However, the cells from RA group had the significantly lower levels of expression for the integrin‐associated protein CD47 and the grow factor receptor CD271 (P = 0.018), while the higher levels of cell membrane zinc‐dependent metalloproteinase CD10 (P = 0.006), as compared to the cells from OA group. Comparison of the mean intensities of PpIX fluorescence revealed no statistically significant differences between the RA and OA groups, as well as no relation to proliferation rates or cell size, although some conspicuous distinction in PpIX accumulation was observed in certain specimens within these groups, suggesting possibilities of this method application for characterization of individual SMSC populations. CD10, CD47, and CD271 were differently expressed in RA and OA SMSC, while had no direct association with the PpIX fluorescence intensity. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Optimal spectrum sensing and transmission power allocation in energy‐efficiency multichannel cognitive radio with energy harvesting
Authors: Liu Xin , Jia Min , Gu Xue‐mai , Yan Jun‐hua , Zhou Jian‐jiang 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWe consider an energy‐efficiency multichannel cognitive radio (CR) where the secondary user (SU) can harvest the signal energy from the primary user (PU) to supply the power transmission. The goal of this paper is to determine an optimal joint spectrum sensing and transmission power allocation that maximizes the average throughput of the multichannel SU over all the subchannels subject to the constraints of subchannel sensing probabilities, interference power, and total transmission power. The SU harvests the PU energy, which is then converted into electrical energy and stored in the battery if the presence of the PU is detected, while consuming the stored energy to transmit data if the absence of the PU is detected. The allocation scheme is formulated as a joint optimization problem of spectrum sensing time and subchannel transmission power vector, whose optimal solution is obtained through the joint optimization algorithm based on alternating direction optimization. Analytical and numerical results show that the proposed energy‐efficiency CR outperforms the traditional CR without energy harvesting, and the transmission power of the energy‐efficiency CR improves both with the increasing of the spectrum sensing time and the presence probability of the PU. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Powerful Antibacterial Activity of Phenyl‐Thiolatobismuth(III) Complexes Derived from Oxadiazolethiones
Authors: Luqman Ahmad , Blair Victoria L. , Brammananth Rajini , Crellin Paul K. , Coppel Ross L. , Andrews Philip C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSeven novel 5‐substituted phenylthiazole oxadiazolethiones: [Me‐PTOT(H)], [MeO‐PTOT(H)], [MeS‐PTOT(H)], [F‐PTOT(H)], [Cl‐PTOT(H)], [Br‐PTOT(H)], and [CF3‐PTOT(H)], {where X‐PTOT(H) = 5‐[2‐(4‐X)thiazol‐4‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione, 4‐X = C6H4}, were synthesised from their corresponding thioamides. From these seven heteroleptic thiolatobismuth complexes: BiPh(Me‐PTOT)2 6, BiPh(MeO‐PTOT)2 7, BiPh(MeS‐PTOT)2 8, BiPh(F‐PTOT)2 9, BiPh(Cl‐PTOT)2 10, BiPh(Br‐PTOT)2 11 and BiPh(CF3‐PTOT)2 12 were synthesised and characterised. Complexes [10(DMSO)2] and [11(DMSO)2] were structurally characterised using X‐ray diffraction. Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of the thiones and their BiIII complexes against Mycobacterium smegmatis, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) showed that all bismuth(III) complexes were highly effective against all the bacteria, as demonstrated by very low MIC values (1.1–2.1 μM). Complexes BiPh(Me‐PTOT)2 6, BiPh(Cl‐PTOT)2 10 and BiPh(Br‐PTOT)2 11, showed best activity against the multi‐drug resistant bacteria VRE and MRSA with an MIC value of 1.0 μM. All these complexes and their corresponding thiones failed to show any prominent activity against M. smegmatis and E. coli, even at high concentrations. These complexes showed little or no toxicity towards mammalian COS‐7 cells at 20 μg/mL.
Thermal oxidative stability analysis of hoki and tuna oils by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetry
Authors: Tengku‐Rozaina Tengku Mohamad , Birch Edward John 
Published: September 2015

In this study, oxidative stability of hoki and tuna oils were measured at 80°C by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under an air atmosphere. The onset time for oxidation (to) of hoki oil occurred earlier in the TGA (222.50 min) compared to DSC (640.83 min) as the sample gained weight prior to decomposition. Conversely, the to of tuna oil could not be recorded since tuna oil was rapidly oxidized. The predicted shelf life of hoki oil for onset of oxygen uptake and subsequent decomposition at 4°C, by Arrhenius extrapolation of TGA and DSC under different isothermal treatments were 0.56 and 1.39 years, respectively. Temperature programmed decomposition of hoki and tuna oils by TGA occurred in three thermal stages, suggesting a progressive degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA), followed by volatilization of polymerization and pyrolysis products.Practical applications: Fish oil has been marketed as dietary supplements and as an ingredient for food products. However, these products are susceptible to oxidation due to the high‐PUFA content in fish oil. Oxidative and thermal stability of fish oil are important parameters in the processing and production of fish oil and fish oil fortified food products. These data can be used by fish oil and food manufacturers to optimize processing conditions for fish oil and food products fortified with fish oil. The oxidative stability of fish oils over temperature ranges and storage times can be measured by both isothermal and non‐isothermal DSC and TGA analyses. These techniques are more rapid and provide continuous data compared to conventional shelf life studies and alternative instrumental methods. Shelf life of the fish oils can be predicted by an Arrhenius extrapolation from elevated isothermal DSC and TGA analyses.Measurement of oxidative stability of fish oils by DSC and TGA follow the Q10 law on the relationship between temperature and rate of chemical reaction. Prediction of shelf life of the fish oils is possible by an Arrhenius extrapolation from elevated isothermal DSC and TGA analyses. Differences in the thermal behavior of the fish oils were consistent with major fatty acid compositional differences.
Shake table testing of un‐reinforced brick masonry building test model isolated by U‐FREI
Authors: Das Animesh , Deb Sajal Kanti , Dutta Anjan 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a detailed study on feasibility of un‐bonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (U‐FREI) as an alternative to steel reinforced elastomeric isolator (SREI) for seismic isolation of un‐reinforced masonry buildings. Un‐reinforced masonry buildings are inherently vulnerable under seismic excitation, and U‐FREIs are used for seismic isolation of such buildings in the present study. Shake table testing of a base isolated two storey un‐reinforced masonry building model subjected to four prescribed input excitations is carried out to ascertain its effectiveness in controlling seismic response. To compare the performance of U‐FREI, same building is placed directly on the shake table without isolator, and fixed base (FB) condition is simulated by restraining the base of the building with the shake table. Dynamic response characteristic of base isolated (BI) masonry building subjected to different intensities of input earthquakes is compared with the response of the same building without base isolation system. Acceleration response amplification and peak response values of test model with and without base isolation system are compared for different intensities of table acceleration. Distribution of shear forces and moment along the height of the structure and response time histories indicates significant reduction of dynamic responses of the structure with U‐FREI system. This study clearly demonstrates the improved seismic performance of un‐reinforced masonry building model supported on U‐FREIs under the action of considered ground motions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metrics for quantifying anthropogenic impacts on geomorphology: road networks
Authors: Sofia Giulia , Marinello Francesco , Tarolli Paolo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis work tests the capability of a recently published topographic index, the Slope Local Length of Auto‐correlation (SLLAC), to portrait and delineate anthropogenic geomorphologies. The patterns of the anthropogenic pressure are defined considering the road network density and the Urban Complexity Index (UCI). First, the research investigates the changes in the SLLAC in two derived parameters (average SLLAC and the SLLAC surface peak curvature – Spc – per km2) connected to the increasing of the anthropogenic structures. Next, natural and anthropogenic landscapes are clustered and classified. The results show that there is a direct correlation between the road network density and the UCI, and the mean SLLAC per km2. However, the Spc is inversely correlated with the anthropogenic pressure (network density and urban complexity). This shows that the surface morphology (slope) of regions presenting anthropogenic structures tends to be well organized (low Spc) and, in general, self‐similar at a long distance (higher average SLLAC). The results of the clustering approach show that the procedure can correctly depict anthropogenic landscapes having a road network density greater than about 3 km/km2, also in areas covered by vegetation. This latter result is promising for the use of such a procedure in regions that cannot be seen directly from orthophotos or satellite images. The proposed method can actively capture the alteration produced by road networks on surface morphology identifying different signatures of urban development: exploration and densification networks that are responsible for increasing the local density of the network and expanding the network into new areas, respectively. The effects of this alteration on surface processes could be significant for future research, creating new questions about differences due to human or landscape forcing on Earth surface processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental evaluation of atypical auditory sampling in dyslexia: Functional and structural evidence
Authors: Lizarazu Mikel , Lallier Marie , Molinaro Nicola , Bourguignon Mathieu , Paz‐Alonso Pedro M. , Lerma‐Usabiaga Garikoitz , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhether phonological deficits in developmental dyslexia are associated with impaired neural sampling of auditory information at either syllabic‐ or phonemic‐rates is still under debate. In addition, whereas neuroanatomical alterations in auditory regions have been documented in dyslexic readers, whether and how these structural anomalies are linked to auditory sampling and reading deficits remains poorly understood. In this study, we measured auditory neural synchronization at different frequencies corresponding to relevant phonological spectral components of speech in children and adults with and without dyslexia, using magnetoencephalography. Furthermore, structural MRI was used to estimate cortical thickness of the auditory cortex of participants. Dyslexics showed atypical brain synchronization at both syllabic (slow) and phonemic (fast) rates. Interestingly, while a left hemispheric asymmetry in cortical thickness was functionally related to a stronger left hemispheric lateralization of neural synchronization to stimuli presented at the phonemic rate in skilled readers, the same anatomical index in dyslexics was related to a stronger right hemispheric dominance for neural synchronization to syllabic‐rate auditory stimuli. These data suggest that the acoustic sampling deficit in development dyslexia might be linked to an atypical specialization of the auditory cortex to both low and high frequency amplitude modulations. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4986–5002, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biomolecules in Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticle Growth
Authors: Baumann Verena , Habeeb Muhammed Madathumpady Abubaker , Blanch Adam J. , Dey Priyanka , Rodríguez‐Fernández Jessica 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExerting control over the size, morphology, and complexity of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles and nanostructures is a requisite for exploring novel phenomena, and the potential applications of these nanomaterials. Bottom‐up colloidal chemistry syntheses can benefit from using biomolecules as active elements to influence the formation of inorganic nanoparticles. In this review, we will discuss how three main biomolecule types, (namely DNA; amino acids, peptides, and proteins; and enzymes), can affect the growth of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. We will present and discuss the templating and non‐templating roles of those biomolecules, featuring key aspects and prospects of biomolecule‐assisted metal and semiconductor nanoparticle growth.
Tracking mesenchymal stromal cells using an ultra‐bright TAT‐functionalized plasmonic‐active nanoplatform
Authors: Yuan Hsiangkuo , Gomez Jose A. , Chien Jennifer S. , Zhang Lunan , Wilson Christy M. , Li Shuqin , Fales Andrew M. , Liu Yang , Grant Gerald A. , Mirotsou Maria , Dzau Victor J. , Vo‐Dinh Tuan 
Published: September 2015

High‐resolution tracking of stem cells remains a challenging task. An ultra‐bright contrast agent with extended intracellular retention is suitable for in vivo high‐resolution tracking of stem cells following the implantation. Here, a plasmonic‐active nanoplatform was developed for tracking mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in mice. The nanoplatform consisted of TAT peptide‐functionalized gold nanostars (TAT‐GNS) that emit ultra‐bright two‐photon photoluminescence capable of tracking MSCs under high‐resolution optical imaging. In vitro experiment showed TAT‐GNS‐labeled MSCs retained a similar differentiability to that of non‐labeled MSCs controls. Due to their star shape, TAT‐GNS exhibited greater intracellular retention than that of commercial Q‐Tracker. In vivo imaging of TAT‐GNS‐labeled MSCs five days following intra‐arterial injections in mice kidneys showed possible MSCs implantation in juxta‐glomerular (JG) regions, but non‐specifically in glomeruli and afferent arterioles as well. With future design to optimize GNS labeling specificity and clearance, plasmonic‐active nanoplatforms may be a useful intracellular tracking tool for stem cell research.
An ultra‐bright intracellular contrast agent is developed using TAT peptide‐functionalized gold nanostars (TAT‐GNS). It poses minimal influence on the stem cell differentiability. It exhibits stronger two‐photon photoluminescence and superior labeling efficiency than commercial Q‐Tracker. Following renal implantation, some TAT‐GNS‐labeled MSCs permeate blood vessels and migrate to the juxta‐glomerular region.magnified imageAn ultra‐bright intracellular contrast agent is developed using TAT peptide‐functionalized gold nanostars (TAT‐GNS). It poses minimal influence on the stem cell differentiability. It exhibits stronger two‐photon photoluminescence and superior labeling efficiency than commercial Q‐Tracker. Following renal implantation, some TAT‐GNS‐labeled MSCs permeate blood vessels and migrate to the juxta‐glomerular region.
Pregnancy‐induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites
Authors: Yu Tian , Campbell Sarah C. , Stockmann Chris , Tak Casey , Schoen Katherine , Clark Erin A. S. , Varner Michael W. , Spigarelli Michael G. , Sherwin Catherine M. T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study sought to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) changes of caffeine and its CYP1A2 metabolites across the 3 trimesters of pregnancy. A prospective, multicenter PK study was conducted among 59 pregnant women (93.2% white) who were studied once during a trimester. One beverage with 30‐95 mg caffeine was consumed, and a blood/urine sample was collected within 1 hour postingestion. Concentrations of caffeine and its primary metabolites were quantified from serum and urine by LC‐MS/MS. There was a significant increase in dose‐normalized caffeine serum and urine concentrations between the first and third trimesters (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). Normalized theophylline concentrations also increased significantly in the third trimester in serum (P < .001) and in urine (P < .05). The caffeine urine/serum concentration ratio also increased in the last trimester (P < .05). No significant difference was found in normalized paraxanthine or theobromine concentrations. This study identified decreased caffeine metabolism and an increase in the active metabolite theophylline concentrations during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, revealing evidence of the large role that pregnancy plays in influencing caffeine metabolism.