bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of verbal morphology in Turkish as a third language: The case of Russian–English–Turkish trilinguals
Authors: Antonova-Ünlü Elena , Sağın-Şimşek Çiğdem 
Published: April 2014

Aims and Objectives: Several studies suggest that third language acquisition (TLA) is marked with complex patterns of language interaction. However, it is not clear yet to what extent multilinguals activate each of their background languages in TLA, as various factors may trigger the activation of one of the previously learnt languages. This study aims to contribute to the discussion by examining the use of verbal morphology in third language (L3) Turkish of Russian–English–Turkish trilinguals. We investigate whether the use of verbal morphology in L3 Turkish of Russian–English–Turkish trilinguals differs from that of Turkish native speakers and in the case of a deviation, which of the background languages can account for it. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is done within the framework of cross-linguistic influence. Data and Analysis: The data are collected from eight native speakers of Russian who are highly proficient in their L2 English and L3 Turkish, and use their three languages more or less equally every day. Fictional narratives are employed in the study as the tool for data collection. The use of finite and non-finite verbal forms in Turkish is compared with the baseline data coming from native speakers of Turkish. Findings/Conclusions: The results reveal that the trilingual participants mainly use the verbal morphology consistently with native speakers of Turkish; nonetheless, two deviations from the Turkish baseline stand out: tendency to use finite verbal forms in their noun clauses and inconsistency in the use of temporal-aspectual markers in finite verbal forms. The former can be attributed to the L1 and L2 interlanguage, while the latter can be attributed to the influence of particularly L1 Russian. Originality, and significance/Implications: Thus, the study provides evidence that the source of interference into L3 production is likely to occur due to the cross-linguistic influence from L1, which in turn might imply the predominant position of L1 over sequentially learnt languages at the morphosyntactic level in the language processing.
Functioning, coping and work status three years after participating in an interdisciplinary, occupational rehabilitation program
Authors: Øyeflaten Irene , Midtgarden Inger Johanne , Maeland Silje , Eriksen Hege R , Magnussen Liv Heide 
Published: April 2014

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how functional ability, coping and health were related to work and benefit status three years after participating in a four-week inpatient interdisciplinary occupational rehabilitation program. Methods: The cohort consisted of 338 individuals (75% females, mean age 51 years (SD=8.6)) who three years earlier had participated in a comprehensive inpatient interdisciplinary occupational rehabilitation program, due to long-term sick leave. The participants answered standardised questionnaires about subjective health complaints, functional ability, coping, and current work and benefit status. The relationships between these variables were analysed using logistic regression analyses. Results: At the time of the survey, 59% of the participants worked at least 50% of a full working day. Twenty-five percent received at least 50% disability pension and 16% received other benefits. Poor functional ability (OR 4.8; CI 3.0–7.6), poor general health (OR 3.8; CI 2.3–6.1), high level of subjective health complaints (OR 3.3; CI 2.1–5.2), low coping (OR 2.8; CI 1.7–4.4), poor physical fitness (OR 2.8; CI 1.7–4.6) and poor sleep quality (OR 2.4; CI 1.5–3.7) were associated with receiving allowances. In a fully adjusted model, only poor functional ability and low coping were associated with receiving allowances three years after occupational rehabilitation. Conclusions: Functional ability and coping were the variables most strongly associated with not having returned to work. More attention should therefore be paid to enhance these factors in occupational rehabilitation programs. Part-time work may be a feasible way to integrate individuals with reduced workability in working life, if the alternative is complete absence from work.
Evaluation of a fast-track protocol for patients undergoing colorectal surgery
Authors: Ehrlich A. , Wagner B. , Kairaluoma M. , Mecklin J.-P. , Kautiainen H. , Kellokumpu I. 
Published: April 2014

Background and Aims: Fast-track protocols have been used to optimize the perioperative care and to enhance postoperative recovery. This study examined short-term clinical outcomes and determinants affecting the length of postoperative hospital stay. Material and Methods: From 2007 to 2009, 180 patients underwent laparoscopic or open bowel resection ( N = 138) or sacrocolporectopexy ( N = 42) in the Central Hospital of Central Finland for various colorectal diseases in the fast-track setting. The main measures of outcome were time to functional recovery, 30-day morbidity, and readmission rates, with hospital stay and patient satisfaction as secondary outcomes. Results: There were no deaths. Time to functional recovery was median 2 (interquartile range 2–3) days. The overall 30-day postoperative morbidity was 14.5% after bowel resection and 0% after sacrocolporectopexy. Relaparotomy rate was 3.6% and 30-day readmission rate 7.2%. Postoperative hospital stay was median 3 days after small bowel and ileo-colic resection, 4 days after segmental colectomy, and 6 days after rectal resection and subtotal colectomy. Patient’s body mass index > 30 kg/m2, malignant disease, complexity of surgery, recovery of bowel function later than 2 days after surgery, time to functional recovery > 2 days and postoperative morbidity were patient- and treatment-related determinants increasing postoperative hospital stay. Protocol compliance–related determinants increasing postoperative hospital stay were intake of normal food and mobilization ≥ 6 h/day later than 2 days after surgery and removal of urinary catheter later than 1 day after surgery. Conclusion: Postoperative functional recovery was fast, morbidity and readmission rates were low, and postoperative hospital stay short indicating that fast-track care should form the mainstay of elective colorectal surgery.
The epidemiology of regional and widespread musculoskeletal pain in rural versus urban settings in those ≥55 years
Authors: Docking Rachael E , Beasley Marcus , Steinerowski Artur , Jones Elizabeth A , Farmer Jane , Macfarlane Gary J , Jones Gareth T 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: To examine whether the prevalence of regional and chronic widespread pain (CWP) varies with rurality and to determine the characteristics of persons in rural locations in whom pain is found to be in excess. Methods: Participants, aged ≥55 years, from participating general practices in seven different geographical locations in Scotland were sent a postal questionnaire. The 1-month prevalence of 10 regional pain conditions plus CWP was identified using body manikins. Differences in the prevalence of pain with differing rurality were examined using Chi2 test for trend. Thereafter, among the rural population, the relationships between pain and putative risk factors were examined using Poisson regression. Thus, results are described as risk ratios. Results: There was some evidence to suggest that the prevalence of CWP increased with increasing rurality, although the magnitude of this was slight. No large or significant differences were observed with any regional pain conditions. Factors associated with the reporting of CWP included poor general health, feeling downhearted most of the time and selected measures of social contact. Factors independently associated with CWP included female gender (risk ratio: 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.997–1.55), poor self-rated health (risk ratio: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.92–6.39) and low mood (risk ratio: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.07–2.20). Also, having fewer than 10 people to turn to in a crisis was associated with a decrease in the risk of CWP – risk ratio: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.50–0.93) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.60–1.02) for those with 5–10 and <5 people, respectively. Conclusions: This study provides no evidence that the prevalence of regional musculoskeletal pain is increased in rural settings, although there is some evidence of a modest increase in CWP. Risk factors for CWP are similar to those seen in the urban setting, including markers of general health, mental health and also aspects of social contact. It may be, however, that social networks are more difficult to maintain in rural settings, and clinicians should be aware of the negative effect of perceived social isolation on pain in rural areas.
Concussions From 9 Youth Organized Sports
Authors: Buzas David , Jacobson Nathan A. , Morawa Lawrence G. 
Published: April 2014

Background: Youth sports programs are extremely popular throughout the United States, with children starting formal sports participation as young as 4 years. This places children at greater risk for concussions and other trauma. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of concussions sustained during participation in 9 organized sports prior to participation in high school athletics. Methods: Over an 11-year span from January 2002 to December 2012, the authors reviewed the concussions sustained by athletes aged 4 to 13 years while playing basketball, baseball, football, gymnastics, hockey, lacrosse, soccer, softball, and wrestling, as evaluated in emergency departments (EDs) in the United States and captured by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Results: There were 4864 (national estimate [NE] = 117,845) youth athletes evaluated in NEISS EDs as sustaining concussions from 2002 to 2012. Except for the year 2007, concussion frequencies trended upward throughout the 11-year time frame as well as with increasing age. Loss of consciousness (LOC) occurred in 499 cases (NE, 12,129; 10%). Football had the highest frequency of concussions, with 2013 (NE, 51,220; 41%), followed by basketball, with 977 (NE, 22,099; 20%), and soccer, with 801 (NE, 18,916; 17%). The majority of concussions were treated in the outpatient setting, with 4444 (91.4%) patients being treated and released; 412 (9%) patients required admission and were found to have increased frequencies of LOC (n = 17; 18.0%) compared with LOC in the total group (n = 499, 10%). The total number of player-to-player injury mechanisms mirrored the total number of concussions by year, which increased throughout the 11-year span, except for the year 2007. Subgroup analysis of athletes aged 4 to 7 years demonstrated a difference in the mechanism of injury distribution, with a ball-to-head mechanism increase of 5% from 15% to 20% and a player-to–other object mechanism of injury increase by more than double to 13% compared with the entire cohort over the 11-year time frame. Conclusion: Within the 4- to 13-year age range, there were a significant number of young athletes who presented to EDs with concussion as a result of playing organized sports. The 4- to 7-year age group had a disproportionately higher player-to–other object mechanism of injury. Clinical Relevance: Younger children are more susceptible to long-term sequelae from head injuries, and therefore, improved systems of monitoring for these athletes are required to monitor the patterns of injury, identify risk factors, and develop evidence-based prevention programs.
Arthroscopic Hip Revision Surgery for Residual FAI
Authors: Larson Christopher M. , Giveans Russell , Bedi Asheesh , Samuelson Kathryn M. , Stone Rebecca M. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: There is a steep surgical learning curve when managing femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and residual FAI can lead to continued pain and disability. There is very limited data reporting outcomes after revision arthroscopy for residual FAI. Methods: The records of patients that underwent arthroscopic hip revision surgery for residual FAI based on plain radiographs and 3D CT scans were reviewed. Pre and post-operative structural pathomorphology, intra-operative findings, and pre and post-operative outcomes measures using Modified Harris Hip Scoring (MHHS), SF-12 scoring, and pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated. Outcomes after revision arthroscopic FAI correction were compared to a cohort that underwent primary arthroscopic FAI correction. Results: 59 patients (85 hips) underwent arthroscopic revision FAI correction (mean 20.8 months follow-up). There were 98 previous arthroscopic surgeries and 4 previous surgical dislocations. There were 39 males and 46 females with a mean age of 29.5 years (range 16 - 59). 80 hips had residual cam-type FAI, and 64 hips had residual pincer-type FAI and underwent femoral and rim resections, respectively. The labrum was debrided in 27 hips, repaired in 48 hips and reconstructed with allograft in 8 hips. Adhesions were excised for 54 hips. The results of revision arthroscopic FAI correction were compared to 154 patients (169 hips) that underwent primary arthroscopic FAI correction (mean 25.2 months follow-up). The mean improvement for outcomes scores after revision FAI correction was 18.9 points (MHHS, p<.01), 13.4 points (SF-12, p<.01), and 2.2 points (VAS, p<.01) compared to 23.7 points (MHHS, p<.01), 22.3 points (SF-12, p<.01), and 4.6 points (VAS, p<.01) after primary arthroscopic FAI correction. Most recent outcomes scores and mean improvement in outcome scores were significantly better after primary (81.1% good/ excellent results) compared to revision (69.8% good/excellent results) FAI correction (MHS (p>.05), SF-12 (p<.01), VAS (p<.01). Conclusion: With appropriate indications and expectations, arthroscopic hip revision surgery for residual FAI led to significantly improved outcome measures. Outcomes, however, were inferior to those after primary arthroscopic FAI corrective surgery.
A Prospective Outcome Evaluation of Humeral Avulsions of the Glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) Tears Repairs in an Active Population
Authors: Provencher Matthew , McCormick Frank , LeClere Lance E. , Dewing Christopher B. , Solomon Daniel J. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: Humeral Avulsions of the Glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) are an infrequent and underappreciated cause of shoulder instability and dysfunction. The purposes of this study are to prospectively evaluate the presentation, clinical history and surgical outcomes of patients with HAGL tears. Methods: Over an eight-year period, patients with failed non-operative shoulder dysfunction with a confirmed HAGL tear on MR Arthrogram, who elected to undergo surgical treatment were prospectively investigated. Independent variables were patient demographics, clinical presentation, physical examination findings, and arthroscopic findings. The dependent variables assessed included return to work and activity rates, pre-operative and post-operative patient reported outcomes (ASES, SANE, WOSI scores) and independent physical examinations. Statistical analysis was via Student’s t-test and significance set at p <.05. Results: A total of 23 of 24 patients (96%) were evaluated at a mean of 32.1 months (Range 24-68 months). There were 11 females (48%) and 12 males (52%) at a mean age of 24.2 years (Range 18-33). Mechanism of injury was core training (cross-fit or equivalent) in 48%, pull-ups in 22%, and unknown in 30%. The primary complaint was pain in 82%; 20% of patients complained of instability symptoms. There were 12 patients with anterior HAGLs, 8 patients with reverse HAGLs and 3 with combined anterior and posterior lesions. 10 patients had both HAGL and labral tears, 13 with isolated HAGL. 9 patients underwent arthroscopic surgical repair and 14 underwent an open surgical repair. There was a clinically and statistically significant improvement in patient reported outcomes (WOSI=54%, SANE=50%) improved (WOSI=83%, SANE=87%, p<0.01). 21 of 23 (91%) patients returned demonstrated patient satisfaction and a return to full activity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates patients with symptomatic HAGL tears present with pain and shoulder dysfunction, that anterior and reverse HAGL tears are nearly distributed equally. After surgery, patients demonstrated statistically and clinically significant improved outcomes, a predictable return to activity and patient satisfaction. Additional work is necessary to determine optimal treatments, especially with combined HAGL and labral tears.
Results of Latarjet Coracoid Transfer to Revise Failed Arthroscopic Instability Repairs
Authors: Nicholson Gregory P. , Rahman Zain , Verma Nikhil N. , Romeo Anthony A. , Cole Brian J. , Gupta Anil Kumar , Bruce Benjamin 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: Arthroscopic instability repair has supplanted open techniques to anatomically reconstruct anteroinferior instability pathology. Arthroscopic technique can fail for a variety of reasons. We have utilized the Latarjet as a revision option in failed arthroscopic instability repairs when there is altered surgical anatomy, capsular deficiency and/or glenoid bone compromise and recurrent glenohumeral instability. Methods: We reviewed 51 shoulders (40 ♀, 11♂) that underwent Latarjet coracoid transfer for the revision of failed previous arthroscopic instability repair. The avg. age was 32.6 yrs (16-58). All patients had recurrent symptomatic anterior instability after previous arthroscopic surgery, and avg. time from arthroscopic repair to Latarjet was 13 months (4-40 mn). All had either CT or MRI that revealed suture anchor material in the glenoid, labral and capsular stripping, and anteroinferior glenoid bone loss or erosion. Advanced bone loss percentage analysis was not performed for this study. We excluded all patients that had a previous open repair, a seizure disorder, or if the Latarjet was a primary procedure. Outcome scores pre-operatively avg: SST: 6.7 (1-12); VAS: 3 (0-8); ASES: 63 (32-89). Coracoid transfer was performed thru a subscapularis split in 38, and with tendon takedown in 13. The coracoid was osteotomized along its long axis parallel to the undersurface of the lateral aspect. This provided at least 2.5 to 3.5 cm of graft with the conjoined tendon attached. The coracoacromial (CA) ligament was incised leaving a 1 cm. stump. The transfer was affixed flush with the articular surface but not lateral to it, with two 3.5 mm cortical screws in lag fashion overdrilling the coracoid with the CA ligament directed laterally. The capsule was then repaired to the CA ligament to make the transfer extra-articular. Results: At avg. 4 yr (2-7 yrs) follow-up stability had been maintained in 51 (100%).without further instability surgery. There were no hardware, neurologic, or infection complications. No graft resorption or non-unions occurred. DJD developed in 3 patients and required eventual resurfacing hemiarthroplasty in 2, and TSA in 1 at an avg of 3 years post-Latarjet (2-5 yrs). Outcome scores post-operatively avg: SST:9.3 (6-12); VAS: 2 (0-6); ASES: 84 (64-92). Conclusion: A consecutive series of Latarjet coracoids transfers utilized for the revision of previous failed arthroscopic anteroinferior instability repairs achieved consistent stability. Progressive DJD was not due to hardware, but was encountered in 5%.
Primary Versus Revision Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair - An Analysis In 350 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Shamsudin Aminudin , Lam Patrick H. , Rubenis Imants , Peters Karin Siebrig , Murrell George A.C. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of revision arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery when compared with primary arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery in a large cohort of patients. Methods: A consecutive series of 350 (300 primary and 50 revision) arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs performed by a single surgeon with a minimum of two years follow-up were retrospectively reviewed using prospectively collected data. With the 50 revision cases as a reference, three primary repair cases were chosen immediately before and three after each revision case. Standardized, patient-ranked outcomes, examiner determined assessments, and ultrasound determined rotator cuff integrity was assessed pre-operatively at six months and two years after surgery. Results: The revision group had a significantly larger pre-operative tear size (4.1 cm2 ± 0.5 cm2)(mean ± SEM) compared to the primary group (3.0 cm2 ± 0.2 cm2)(p < 0.05). The mean age of the revision group (63years, range 43-80) was older compared to the primary group (60years, range 18-88)(p < 0.05).The re-tear rate for primary rotator cuff repair was 16% at 6 months and 21% at two years; while the re-tear rate for revision repair was 28% at six months and deteriorated to 40% at two years (p < 0.05). Two years after surgery the primary group reported less pain at rest (p < 0.02), during sleep (p < 0.03) and with overhead activity (p < 0.01) compared to the revision group. The primary group had better forward flexion (+13 Degrees, p<0.03), abduction (+18 Degrees, p < 0.01) and internal rotation (+2 vertebral levels, p < 0.001) compared to the revision group at two years after surgery. The primary group also had significantly greater strength (+15 N, p < 0.0004), lift-off strength (+9.3 N, p < 0.02) and adduction strength (+22 N, p < 0.003) compared to the revision group at two years. Conclusion: The short term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing revision rotator cuff repair were similar to primary rotator cuff repair. However, these results did not persist and by two years patients who had revision rotator cuff repair were twice as likely to have re-torn compared to those undergoing primary repair. The increase re-tear rate in the revision group at two years was associated with increased pain and impaired overhead function.