bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cells transplanted onto the surface of the glial scar reveal hidden potential for functional neural regeneration
Authors: Sekiya Tetsuji , Holley Matthew C. , Hashido Kento , Ono Kazuya , Shimomura Koichiro , Horie Rie T. , Hamaguchi Kiyomi , Yoshida Atsuhiro , Sakamoto Tatsunori , Ito Juichi 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Cell transplantation can restore function in neurodegenerative disorders, but the low rate of functional integration of donor cells into host is a major limiting factor for clinical application. This problem is closely related to the long-standing view that donor cells must be transplanted intraneurally. We show that glial scar, which is common in neurodegenerative conditions, inhibits the survival of intraneurally transplanted cells in our rat glial scar model in the auditory system. However, cells placed on the surface of scar tissue autonomously enter the nerve and become functionally integrated into the host. The glial scar, normally considered to be a barrier to cell transplantation, includes important structural and chemical cues that are disrupted by intraneural delivery but preserved by surface transplantation.
Three cyanobacteriochromes work together to form a light color-sensitive input system for c-di-GMP signaling of cell aggregation
Authors: Enomoto Gen , Ni-Ni-Win  , Narikawa Rei , Ikeuchi Masahiko 
Published: June 2015

Significance
Cyanobacteria have sophisticated photosensory systems to adapt to ambient-light conditions to improve oxygenic photosynthesis efficiency. Their genomes contain many genes encoding cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs), which are the photoreceptors of light-signaling pathways. Although the photochemical properties of many CBCRs have been characterized, whether and how multiple photoreceptors work together are unknown. Herein we describe how three CBCRs work together in a light color-sensitive manner to regulate cyanobacterial cell aggregation. The three CBCRs have distinguishable, but congruent, light color-dependent c-di-GMP synthetic and/or degrading activities. Ours is the first report, to our knowledge, concerning synchronization of distinctive CBCR activities, which emphasizes the underlying need for CBCR photoreceptors with diverse activities.
A set of NF-κB–regulated microRNAs induces acquired TRAIL resistance in Lung cancer
Authors: Jeon Young-Jun , Middleton Justin , Kim Taewan , Laganà Alessandro , Piovan Claudia , Secchiero Paola , Nuovo Gerard J. , Cui Ri , Joshi Pooja , Romano Giulia , Di Leva Gianpiero , Lee Bum-Kyu , Sun Hui-Lung , Kim Yonghwan , Fadda Paolo , Alder Hansjuerg , Garofalo Michela , Croce Carlo M. 
Published: June 2015

SignificanceTRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a promising antitumor agent effective in a very small subset of lung cancer patients with low toxicity. However, the majority of lung tumors are TRAIL-resistant and very little is known about how tumor cells acquire resistance to TRAIL. Here, we show that continuous exposure to subtoxic concentrations of TRAIL induces NF-κB–dependent up-regulation of miR-21, miR-30c, and miR-100, which by silencing caspase-8, caspase-3, TRAF7, and FoxO3a further strengthens the NF-κB signaling, inducing acquired TRAIL resistance. Our findings imply that combinatory therapies of NF-κB inhibitors and TRAIL might be a useful therapy to improve the response of lung cancer to TRAIL.
A note on the false discovery rate of novel peptides in proteogenomics
Authors: Zhang Kun , Fu Yan , Zeng Wen-Feng , He Kun , Chi Hao , Liu Chao , Li Yan-Chang , Gao Yuan , Xu Ping , He Si-Min 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Proteogenomics has been well accepted as a tool to discover novel genes. In most conventional proteogenomic studies, a global false discovery rate is used to filter out false positives for identifying credible novel peptides. However, it has been found that the actual level of false positives in novel peptides is often out of control and behaves differently for different genomes.
Results: To quantitatively model this problem, we theoretically analyze the subgroup false discovery rates of annotated and novel peptides. Our analysis shows that the annotation completeness ratio of a genome is the dominant factor influencing the subgroup FDR of novel peptides. Experimental results on two real datasets of Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis support our conjecture.
Contact: yfu@amss.ac.cn or xupingghy@gmail.com or smhe@ict.ac.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PPUS: a web server to predict PUS-specific pseudouridine sites
Authors: Li Yan-Hui , Zhang Gaigai , Cui Qinghua 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Pseudouridine (Ψ), catalyzed by pseudouridine synthase (PUS), is the most abundant RNA modification and has important cellular functions. Developing an algorithm to identify Ψ sites is an important work. And it is better if the algorithm could assign which PUS modifies the Ψ sites. Here, we developed PPUS (http://lyh.pkmu.cn/ppus/), the first web server to predict PUS-specific Ψ sites. PPUS employed support vector machine as the classifier and used nucleotides around Ψ sites as the features. Currently, PPUS could accurately predict new Ψ sites for PUS1, PUS4 and PUS7 in yeast and PUS4 in human. PPUS is well designed and friendly to user.
Availability and Implementation: Our web server is available freely for non-commercial purposes at: http://lyh.pkmu.cn/ppus/
Contact: liyanhui@bjmu.edu.cn or cuiqinghua@hsc.pku.edu.cn
Characterization of distinct bloom phenology regimes in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Llort J. , Tagliabue A. , Lévy M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, we document the regional variations of bloom phenology in the Southern Ocean, based on a 13-year product of ocean colour measurements co-located with observation-based estimates of the mixed-layer depth. One key aspect of our work is to discriminate between mixed-layer integrated blooms and surface blooms. By segregating blooms that occur before or after the winter solstice and blooms where integrated and surface biomass increase together or display a lag, we define three dominating Southern Ocean bloom regimes. While the regime definitions are solely based on bloom timing characteristics, the three regimes organize coherently in geographical space, and are associated with distinct dynamical regions of the Southern Ocean: the subtropics, the subantarctic, and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region. All regimes have their mixed-layer integrated onset between autumn and winter, when the daylength is short and the mixed layer actively mixes and deepens. We discuss how these autumn–winter bloom onsets are controlled by either nutrient entrainment and/or reduction in prey-grazer encounter rate. In addition to the autumn–winter biomass increase, the subantarctic regime has a significant spring biomass growth associated with the shutdown of turbulence when air–sea heat flux switches from surface cooling to surface warming.
Assessment of upstream and downstream passability for eel at dams
Authors: Tremblay V. , Cossette C. , Dutil J-D. , Verreault G. , Dumont P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe American eel (Anguilla rostrata) population has experienced a marked population decline. Habitat loss resulting from dam construction to improve the control and use of freshwater discharge is one of the factors involved. There are some 5600 dams in rivers draining to the St. Lawrence River in Quebec (Canada). Their passability to eels migrating upstream and downstream has been assessed using the Québec Dam Database. Eighteen percent of the dams are used for supplying water and 13% for hydroelectricity, but &gt;50% are used for recreational purposes. Although the majority of the dams are &lt;3 m in height and are made of concrete or earthfill, dams present a great variety of physical characteristics. Passability ranks were assigned to each category of dam based on three assessment criteria: the height of the dam, the materials used in its construction, and its use. Passability to upstream migrants was also assessed from photographs for a subset of dams. The two methods (statistical analysis and the use of photographs) may yield different results, but the two methods were consistent to identify the impassable dams. This analysis shows overall that the problem of passability is more significant for upstream passage than it is for downstream passage.
Improving vaccine registries through mobile technologies: a vision for mobile enhanced Immunization information systems
Authors: Wilson Kumanan , Atkinson Katherine M. , Deeks Shelley L. , Crowcroft Natasha S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractImmunization registries or information systems are critical to improving the quality and evaluating the ongoing success of immunization programs. However, the completeness of these systems is challenged by a myriad of factors including the fragmentation of vaccine administration, increasing mobility of individuals, new vaccine development, use of multiple products, and increasingly frequent changes in recommendations. Mobile technologies could offer a solution, which mitigates some of these challenges. Engaging individuals to have more control of their own immunization information using their mobile devices could improve the timeliness and accuracy of data in central immunization information systems. Other opportunities presented by mobile technologies that could be exploited to improve immunization information systems include mobile reporting of adverse events following immunization, the capacity to scan 2D barcodes, and enabling bidirectional communication between individuals and public health officials. Challenges to utilizing mobile solutions include ensuring privacy of data, access, and equity concerns, obtaining consent and ensuring adoption of technology at sufficiently high rates. By empowering individuals with their own health information, mobile technologies can also serve as a mechanism to transfer immunization information as individuals cross local, regional, and national borders. Ultimately, mobile enhanced immunization information systems can help realize the goal of the individual, the healthcare provider, and public health officials always having access to the same immunization information.
What makes an EHR “open” or interoperable?
Authors: Sittig Dean F , Wright Adam 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We have identified 5 use cases that comprise a useful definition of an “open or interoperable electronic health record (EHR).” Each of these use cases represents important functionality that should be available to 1) clinicians, so they can provide safe and effective health care; 2) researchers, so they can advance our understanding of disease and health care processes; 3) administrators, so they can reduce their reliance on a single-source EHR developer; 4) software developers, so they can develop innovative solutions to address limitations of current EHR user interfaces and new applications to improve the practice of medicine; and 5) patients, so they can access their personal health information no matter where they receive their health care. Widespread access to “open EHRs” that can accommodate at least these 5 use cases is important if we are to realize the enormous potential of EHR-enabled health care systems.
Biogeography of Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Robert Liu Fu-Guo , Tsaur Shun-Chern , Huang Hsiao-Ting 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe causes of high biological diversity in biodiversity hotspots have long been a major subject of study in conservation biology. To investigate this matter, we conducted a phylogeographic study of five Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) species from East and Southeast Asia: Drosophila albomicans Duda , D. formosana Duda, D. immigrans Sturtevant, D. melanogaster Meigen, and D. simulans Sturtevant. We collected 185 samples from 28 localities in eight countries. From each collected individual, we sequenced the autosomal extra sex comb gene ( esc ) and seven mitochondrial genes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate-reductase dehydrogenase subunit 4 ( ND4 ), ND4L , tRNA-His , tRNA-Pro , tRNA-Thr , partial ND5 , and partial ND6 . Phylogenetic analyses using maximum- likelihood and Bayesian methods revealed interesting population structure and identified the existence of two distinct D. formosana lineages (Southeast Asian and Taiwanese populations). Genetic differentiation among groups of D. immigrans suggests the possibility of endemic speciation in Taiwan. In contrast, D. melanogaster remained one extensively large population throughout East and Southeast Asia, including nearby islets. A molecular clock was used to estimate divergence times, which were compared with past geographical events to infer evolutionary scenarios. Our findings suggest that interglacial periods may have caused population isolation, thus enhancing population differentiation more strongly for some of the Drosophila species. The population structure of each Drosophila species in East and Southeast Asia has been influenced by past geographic events.
Sectioned Images and Surface Models of a Cadaver for Understanding the Dorsalis Pedis Flap
Authors: Shin Dong Sun , Kim Hyung Jun , Kim Bong Chul 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to represent the dorsalis pedis (DP) flap on sectioned images and surface models using Visible Korean for medical education and clinical training in the field of maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. Serially sectioned images of the foot were obtained from a cadaver. The important structures in the sectioned images were outlined and stacked to create a surface model. The PDF file (53 MB) of the assembled models is accessible for free download on the Department of Anatomy at Ajou University School of Medicine Web site (http://anatomy.co.kr). In this file, the significant anatomic structures of the DP flap can be inspected in the sectioned images. All surface models and stereoscopic structures of the DP flap are described in real time. We hope that these state-of-the-art sectioned images, outlined images, and surface models will help students and trainees gain a better understanding of the DP flap anatomy.
Linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms and hypermutable loci
Authors: Sawaya Sterling , Jones Matt , Keller Matt 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSome diseases are caused by genetic loci with a high rate of change, and heritability in complex traits is likely to be partially caused by variation at these loci. These hypermutable elements, such as tandem repeats, change at rates that are orders of magnitude higher than the rates at which most single nucleotides mutate. However, single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, are currently the primary focus of genetic studies of human disease. Here we quantify the degree to which SNPs are correlated with hypermutable loci by examining a range of mutation rates. We use established population genetics theory to relate mutation rates to recombination rates and compare the theoretical predictions to simulations. Both simulations and theory agree that, at the highest mutation rates, almost all correlation is lost between a hypermutable locus and surrounding SNPs. The theoretical predictions break down as the mutation rate increases, and consequently differ widely from the simulated results. The simulation results suggest that some correlation remains between SNPs and hypermutable loci when mutation rates are on the lower end of the mutation spectrum. Consequently, in some cases SNPs can tag variation caused by some hypermutable loci. We also examine the linkage between SNPs and other SNPs and uncover ways in which the linkage disequilibrium of rare SNPs differs from that of hypermutable loci.
Aramex PJSC: carving a competitive advantage in the global logistics and express transportation service industry
Authors: Balakrishnan Melodena Stephens 
Published: June 2015

Title
Aramex PJSC: carving a competitive advantage in the global logistics and express transportation service industry.

Subject area
Entrepreneurship, International Business, Strategy.

Study level/applicability
Post-graduates, Practitioners.

Case overview
This case chronicles the Aramex PJSC story of entrepreneur Fadi Gandhour. The case looks at the new start-up, its growth and financing plans for expansion and how it got a competitive advantage in an industry dominated by big players. Aramex, as of 2012, was the only Arab company to have successfully listed on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange. After 30 years at the helm of the company, Fadi Ghandour, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), was stepping down and was being succeeded by regional head, Hussein Hachem, the CEO of Middle East and Africa. Aramex had a competitive edge in emerging markets, and Fadi and Hussein knew that the route to sustainable growth was to capitalize on this opportunity using organic growth, acquisitions and strategic alliances.

Expected learning outcomes
Strategy included looking at gaining a competitive advantage in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and other emerging markets. Lessons are provided on capitalization of opportunity, funding and creating an organization culture that is sustainable and reflects the Founder's ideal.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Research and development in Dubai – Impression et Enregistrement des Résultats (IER): cross-cultural management
Authors: Azaad Moonesar Immanuel , Thibaud Lionel 
Published: June 2015

Subject area
Management and leadership.

Study level/applicability
Undergraduate and graduate.

Case overview
Mr Lionel Thibaud, the General Manager, was highlighting the achievements and challenges faced at Impression et Enregistrement des Résultats (IER) within the Middle East region over the past four years in relation to the various cross-cultures and multi-nationalities. IER is a world-leading supplier of printing terminals and IT solutions for the air transportation industry. The problem facing the decision-maker is how to do business with the Middle Eastern countries and handling and striking a balance with all the varying cultures and customs. In addition, to meet the needs of the customers, a long-term mission is to establish long-term relationships and collaborations.

Expected learning outcomes
On completion of utilizing the case study as an exercise, students should be able to: case-specific skills – critically examine the importance of the cross-cultural management, decision-making, managing in multinational companies and leadership and management in the Middle East and demonstrate this by analysing real regional/world examples using complex theoretical frameworks; identify examples of best practice (including ethical “best practice”) and explain the dynamics towards cross-cultural management, decision-making, managing in multinational companies and leadership and management with reference to a range of theoretical models and apply these in a meaningful way to the MENA region; discipline-specific skills – synthesize and critically evaluate a corpus of academic literature and government reports on cross-cultural management, decision-making, managing in multinational companies and leadership and management; link cross-cultural management, decision-making, managing in multinational companies and leadership and management concepts and theories to real regional/world examples; personal and key skills – reflect on the process of learning and undertake independent/self-directed learning (including time management) to achieve consistent, proficient and sustained attainment; work as a participant or leader of a group and contribute effectively to the achievement of objectives in the field of cross-cultural management, decision-making, managing in multinational companies and leadership and management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Explorations into sex, gender and leadership in the UK Civil Service Part 1. Introduction, background and theoretical considerations
Authors: Manning Tony , Robertson Bob 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This is the first of a three-part paper exploring the intersection between sex, gender and leadership in the UK Civil Service. The purpose of this paper is to introduce research by the authors into differences in the behaviour of men and women managers in the UK Civil Service, differences in 360 degree assessments of these behaviours and variations in the behaviours and assessments in different organisational contexts. This part of the paper sets the scene, and provides a literature review and a series of conjectures, derived from this review.

Design/methodology/approach
– This part of the paper outlines the training and development activities carried out by the authors and explains the target populations, the context in which managers operated and the part played by psychometric assessments in such activities. It then provides a literature review on the intersection of sex, gender and leadership. This looks at: the glass ceiling; leader preferences; gender stereotypes; gender stereotypes and leaders; attitudes towards women as leaders; leadership theories and gender stereotypes; sex differences in psychological traits; sex differences in leader behaviour and effectiveness. Finally, it presents a series of conjectures, derived from the literature review.

Findings
– The literature review shows that the playing field that constitutes managerial ranks continues to be tilted in favour of men and behaviours associated with the male stereotype, despite what leadership theories and field evidence would suggest.

Research limitations/implications
– The research was also a by-product of the authors’ training and development work, not a purpose-built research programme to explain the “glass ceiling”. It relates to the UK Civil Service and may not be relevant in other contexts.

Practical implications
– Later parts of the paper present prescriptions for minimising the impact of gender stereotypes, along with an evidence-based leadership framework. Training and development implications are presented. Findings are relevant to leaders, would be leaders and human resource professionals, including training and development specialists.

Social implications
– The vast majority of top leadership positions across the world are held by males rather than females. This prevents women from moving up the corporate ladder. This literature review describes the “glass ceiling” and explores what lies behind it.

Originality/value
– Research on sex differences in behaviour, gender stereotypes and situational differences in both, in the UK Civil Service, are all original. Of particular importance is the new evidence-based framework of leadership competences.