bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ARID1A pathway in ovarian clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma, contiguous endometriosis, and benign endometriosis
Authors: Chene Gautier , Ouellet Veronique , Rahimi Kurosh , Barres Veronique , Provencher Diane , Mes‐Masson Anne Marie 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess ARID1A‐encoded protein (BAF250a) and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) expression, apoptosis, and the DNA damage response pathway in endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancers (endometriosis‐associated ovarian cancers [EAOCs]), and benign endometriotic ovarian cysts.MethodsIn a retrospective study, tissue samples were reviewed from patients who had undergone surgery for EAOC or endometriotic ovarian cysts at a center in Montreal, QC, Canada, between 2000 and 2012. A tissue microarray including cases of endometrioid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, contiguous endometriosis (i.e. apparently benign endometriosis near the EAOC), and benign endometriotic ovarian cysts, was analyzed for the expression of various proteins.ResultsLoss of BAF250a expression was seen in 13 (22%) of 59 endometrioid cancers, 17 (47%) of 36 clear cell cases, 8 (44%) of 18 contiguous endometriosis cases, and 3 (8%) of 66 benign endometriotic ovarian cysts. In tissues showing loss of BAF250a, expression of pAKT, γH2AX, BIM, and BAX was higher in EAOC and contiguous endometriosis than in benign endometriosis (P < 0.05), whereas expression of pATM, pCHK2, and Bcl2 was low. All proteins except for Bcl2 showed low expression in benign endometriosis.ConclusionLoss of ARID1A‐encoded protein seems to be an early event in EOAC, along with pAKT activation, alteration of γH2AX, and concomitant activation of the apoptosis pathway.
Prognostic risk factors for small cell carcinoma of the cervix and impact of platinum‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Li Xiong , Yang Ru , Jia Yao , Zhou Jin , Ma Ding , Li Shuang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate prognostic risk factors and the effects of platinum‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) among patients with small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC).MethodsIn a retrospective multicenter study, data were analyzed from patients with SCCC diagnosed between July 2001 and October 2009 at one of three hospitals in China. Prognostic risk factors were identified by the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsFollow‐up information was available for 22 patients, including 18 cases of early (FIGO stage IA–IIA) and four cases of advanced (stage IIB–IV) SCCC. The 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate was 62% for patients with early stage disease and 0% for those at a late stage (P = 0.003). The 3‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 68% and 0%, respectively (P = 0.001). The 3‐year OS rate was 73% for patients with no lymphovascular space invasion and 0% for those with lymphovascular space invasion (P = 0.031). Advanced FIGO stage was the only independent risk factor for 3‐year DFS (P = 0.017) and 3‐year OS (P = 0.006). Patients who received NACT plus radical surgery had a lower rate of distant recurrence than did patients who received radical surgery as the primary treatment (0/8 vs 5/9; P = 0.029).ConclusionAdvanced disease was an independent risk factor for SCCC prognosis. Platinum‐based NACT seemed to prevent distant recurrence.
Proposed tuberculosis investigation and management protocol in complex and recurrent fistula-in-ano
Authors: de Oliveira Leonardo Guedes Leite , Pupo Neto João de Aguiar , Vieira Eduardo de Paula , Kim Monika Pereira , Flach Luciana da Costa , de Almeida Barbara Cristina Rodrigues , Ferraz Edna Delabio 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease, endemic in some regions, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among 22 countries accounting for 90% of tuberculosis cases worldwide, Brazil occupies the 17th place. The gastrointestinal form ranks sixth (5%) of extrapulmonary cases, while anorectal represents 2–7% of cases of fistula-in-ano, more common in midlife men, from endemic regions. In our country epidemiological data and accumulated clinical evidence strongly suggest the need for a systematic TB research as a responsible co-factor for complex anal fistulas or also those immunosuppression associated, in an attempt to reduce the high rates of recurrence of anal fistula (>30%).
Purpose The course from a complex anal tuberculosis associated fistula, confirmed after initial suspicion of Crohn's disease, is presented in order to emphasize the relevance of suspicion and a diagnosis protocol, as well as healing criteria in fistulas contaminated by the bacilli.
Discussion Sphincter damage risk in repeated fistula-in-ano surgical approaches requires considering tuberculosis infection, an underdiagnosed condition, and a preoperative diagnostic routine should be suggested. In the absence of description in the literature, preliminary clinical protocols must be provided in order to reduce recurrence and sphincter damage rates, when indicating surgical treatment of the disease.
Massive cerebral air embolism after blunt chest trauma with full neurological recovery
Authors: Reith Georg , Bouillon Bertil , Sakka Samir G. , Defosse Jerome M. , Gossmann Axel , Probst Christian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCerebral air embolism (CAE) is a common, often lethal, complication in blunt and penetrating chest trauma. The factors affecting the outcome of CAE patients are poorly understood, and there is no generally accepted treatment algorithm. In this report, we present the case of a 28-year-old male motorcyclist with a massive CAE, including bilateral internal carotid artery air on computed tomographic examination following blunt chest trauma. With prehospital intubation, oxygen, transfusion, and open laparotomy but without any specific treatment regarding the CAE, a follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan approximately 6 hours later showed resolution of the cerebrovascular air. Recovery was unremarkable, and the patient was discharged neurologically intact after 22 days.
Closed-loop separation control using machine learning
Authors: Gautier N. , Aider J.-L. , Duriez T. , Noack B. R. , Segond M. , Abel M. 
Published: April 2015

We present the first closed-loop separation control experiment using a novel, model-free strategy based on genetic programming, which we call ‘machine learning control’. The goal is to reduce the recirculation zone of backward-facing step flow at $\mathit{Re}_{h}=1350$ manipulated by a slotted jet and optically sensed by online particle image velocimetry. The feedback control law is optimized with respect to a cost functional based on the recirculation area and a penalization of the actuation. This optimization is performed employing genetic programming. After 12 generations comprised of 500 individuals, the algorithm converges to a feedback law which reduces the recirculation zone by 80 %. This machine learning control is benchmarked against the best periodic forcing which excites Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices. The machine learning control yields a new actuation mechanism resonating with the low-frequency flapping mode instability. This feedback control performs similarly to periodic forcing at the design condition but outperforms periodic forcing when the Reynolds number is varied by a factor two. The current study indicates that machine learning control can effectively explore and optimize new feedback actuation mechanisms in numerous experimental applications.
Understanding and assessing word comprehension
Authors: GOLDFIELD BEVERLY A. , GENCARELLA CHRISTINA , FORNARI KEVIN 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe intermodal preferential looking (IPL) task was developed to assess comprehension in infants and toddlers. We extend this methodology to examine word comprehension in preschool children using two measures: proportion of looking time to target (LTT) and longest look (LL) to target. Children (3–6 years) were tested with the IPL for comprehension of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Both LTT and LL scores showed that, across all ages, eye gaze to the target word increased from baseline to test; there were higher scores for nouns compared to verbs and adjectives. We also compare IPL performance to scores on a standardized test of receptive vocabulary (the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Fourth Edition). Correlations with Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores were stronger for LTT than LL measures. The IPL may provide an alternative method for assessing word comprehension in preschool children with behavioral limitations.
Dark matter inner slope and concentration in galaxies: from the Fornax dwarf to M87
Authors: Mamon G. A. , Chevalier J. , Romanowsky A. J. , Wojtak R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe apply two new state-of-the-art methods that model the distribution of observed tracers in projected phase space to lift the mass / velocity anisotropy (VA) degeneracy and deduce constraints on the mass profiles of galaxies, as well as their VA. We first show how a distribution function based method applied to the satellite kinematics of otherwise isolated SDSS galaxies shows convincing observational evidence of age matching: red galaxies have more concentrated dark matter (DM) halos than blue galaxies of the same stellar or halo mass. Then, applying the MAMPOSSt technique to M87 (traced by its red and blue globular clusters) we find that very cuspy DM is favored, unless we release priors on DM concentration or stellar mass (leading to unconstrained slope). For the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (traced by its metal-rich and metal-poor stars), the inner DM slope is unconstrained, with weak evidence for a core if the stellar mass is fixed. This highlights how priors are crucial for DM modeling. Finally, we find that blue GCs around M87 and metal-rich stars in Fornax have tangential outer VA.
Scaling Laws for Dark Matter Halos in Late-Type and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies
Authors: Kormendy John , Freeman K. C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDark matter (DM) halos of Sc–Im galaxies satisfy structural scaling laws analogous to the fundamental plane relations for elliptical galaxies. Halos in less luminous galaxies have smaller core radii rc, higher central densities ρ^, and smaller central velocity dispersions σ. If dwarf spheroidal (dSph) and dwarf Magellanic irregular (dIm) galaxies lie on the extrapolations of these correlations, then we can estimate their baryon loss relative to that of Sc–Im galaxies. We find that, if there had been no enhanced baryon loss relative to Sc–Im galaxies, typical dSph and dIm galaxies would be brighter by ΔMB ≃ -4.0 mag and ΔMB ≃ -3.5 mag, respectively. Instead, the galaxies lost or retained as gas (in dIm galaxies) baryons that could have formed stars. Also, dSph and dIm galaxies have DM halos that are more massive than we thought, with σ ~ 30 km s−1 or circular-orbit rotation velocities Vcirc ~ 42 km s−1. Comparison of DM and visible matter parameter correlations confirms that, at MV ≳ -18, dSph and dIm galaxies form a sequence of decreasing baryon-to-DM mass ratios in smaller dwarfs. We show explicitly that galaxy baryon content goes to (almost) zero at Vcirc ≲ 42 ± 4 km s−1, in agreement with Vcirc as found from our estimate of baryon depletion. Our results suggest that there may be a large population of DM halos that are dark and undiscovered. This helps to solve the problem that the initial fluctuation spectrum of cold dark matter predicts more dwarf galaxies than we observe.
Range extension and first occurrence of the thorny seahorse Hippocampus histrix in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Harasti D. 
Published: April 2015

Between 2007 and 2014, three individual thorny seahorses,Hippocampus histrix,were recorded in Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia. Specimens ranged in size from 6 to 8 cm and were considered to be females. This extends the known range ofH. histrixalong the east coast of Australia by 1700 km.
Crystal preferred orientation of an amphibole experimentally deformed by simple shear
Authors: Ko Byeongkwan , Jung Haemyeong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeismic anisotropy has been widely observed in crust and mantle materials and plays a key role in the understanding of structure and flow patterns. Although seismic anisotropy can be explained by the crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of highly anisotropic minerals in the crust, that is, amphibole, experimental studies on the CPO of amphibole are limited. Here we present the results of novel experiments on simple shear deformation of amphibolite at high pressure and temperatures (1 GPa, 480–700 °C). Depending on the temperature and stress, the deformed amphibole produced three types of CPOs and resulted in a strong seismic anisotropy. Our data provide a new understanding of the observed seismic anisotropy. The seismic data obtained from the amphibole CPOs revealed that anomalous seismic anisotropy observed in the deep crust, subducting slab and mantle wedge can be attributed to the CPO of amphibole.
Mitochondrial function provides instructive signals for activation-induced B-cell fates
Authors: Jang Kyoung-Jin , Mano Hiroto , Aoki Koji , Hayashi Tatsunari , Muto Akihiko , Nambu Yukiko , Takahashi Katsu , Itoh Katsuhiko , Taketani Shigeru , Nutt Stephen L. , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Shimizu Akira , Sugai Manabu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDuring immune reactions, functionally distinct B-cell subsets are generated by stochastic processes, including class-switch recombination (CSR) and plasma cell differentiation (PCD). In this study, we show a strong association between individual B-cell fates and mitochondrial functions. CSR occurs specifically in activated B cells with increased mitochondrial mass and membrane potential, which augment mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), whereas PCD occurs in cells with decreased mitochondrial mass and potential. These events are consequences of initial slight changes in mROS in mitochondriahigh B-cell populations. In CSR-committed cells, mROS attenuates haeme synthesis by inhibiting ferrous ion addition to protoporphyrin IX, thereby maintaining Bach2 function. Reduced mROS then promotes PCD by increasing haeme synthesis. In PCD-committed cells, Blimp1 reduces mitochondrial mass, thereby reducing mROS levels. Identifying mROS as a haeme synthesis regulator increases the understanding of mechanisms regulating haeme homeostasis and cell fate determination after B-cell activation.
Pontin functions as an essential coactivator for Oct4-dependent lincRNA expression in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Boo Kyungjin , Bhin Jinhyuk , Jeon Yoon , Kim Joomyung , Shin Hi-Jai R. , Park Jong-Eun , Kim Kyeongkyu , Kim Chang Rok , Jang Hyonchol , Kim In-Hoo , Kim V. Narry , Hwang Daehee , Lee Ho , Baek Sung Hee 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe actions of transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and noncoding RNAs are crucial for the programming of cell states. Although the importance of various epigenetic machineries for controlling pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells has been previously studied, how chromatin modifiers cooperate with specific transcription factors still remains largely elusive. Here, we find that Pontin chromatin remodelling factor plays an essential role as a coactivator for Oct4 for maintenance of pluripotency in mouse ES cells. Genome-wide analyses reveal that Pontin and Oct4 share a substantial set of target genes involved in ES cell maintenance. Intriguingly, we find that the Oct4-dependent coactivator function of Pontin extends to the transcription of large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) and in particular linc1253, a lineage programme repressing lincRNA, is a Pontin-dependent Oct4 target lincRNA. Together, our findings demonstrate that the Oct4-Pontin module plays critical roles in the regulation of genes involved in ES cell fate determination.
Enhancing grain boundary ionic conductivity in mixed ionic–electronic conductors
Authors: Lin Ye , Fang Shumin , Su Dong , Brinkman Kyle S , Chen Fanglin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMixed ionic–electronic conductors are widely used in devices for energy conversion and storage. Grain boundaries in these materials have nanoscale spatial dimensions, which can generate substantial resistance to ionic transport due to dopant segregation. Here, we report the concept of targeted phase formation in a Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ–CoFe2O4 composite that serves to enhance the grain boundary ionic conductivity. Using transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy approaches, we probe the grain boundary charge distribution and chemical environments altered by the phase reaction between the two constituents. The formation of an emergent phase successfully avoids segregation of the Gd dopant and depletion of oxygen vacancies at the Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ–Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ grain boundary. This results in superior grain boundary ionic conductivity as demonstrated by the enhanced oxygen permeation flux. This work illustrates the control of mesoscale level transport properties in mixed ionic–electronic conductor composites through processing induced modifications of the grain boundary defect distribution.
All-Dielectric Multilayer Cylindrical Structures for Invisibility Cloaking
Authors: Mirzaei Ali , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Shadrivov Ilya V. , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe study optical response of all-dielectric multilayer structures and demonstrate that the total scattering of such structures can be suppressed leading to optimal invisibility cloaking. We use experimental material data and a genetic algorithm to reduce the total scattering by adjusting the material and thickness of various layers for several types of dielectric cores at telecommunication wavelengths. Our approach demonstrates 80-fold suppression of the total scattering cross-section by employing just a few dielectric layers.
Galectin-1-secreting neural stem cells elicit long-term neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury
Authors: Wang Jiayin , Xia Jinchao , Zhang Feng , Shi Yejie , Wu Yun , Pu Hongjian , Liou Anthony K. F. , Leak Rehana K. , Yu Xinguang , Chen Ling , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGalectin-1 (gal-1), a special lectin with high affinity to β-galactosides, is implicated in protection against ischemic brain injury. The present study investigated transplantation of gal-1-secreting neural stem cell (s-NSC) into ischemic brains and identified the mechanisms underlying protection. To accomplish this goal, secretory gal-1 was stably overexpressed in NE-4C neural stem cells. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes and s-NSCs were injected into the striatum and cortex within 2 hours post-ischemia. Brain infarct volume and neurological performance were assessed up to 28 days post-ischemia. s-NSC transplantation reduced infarct volume, improved sensorimotor and cognitive functions and provided more robust neuroprotection than non-engineered NSCs or gal-1-overexpressing (but non-secreting) NSCs. White matter injury was also ameliorated in s-NSC-treated stroke mice. Gal-1 modulated microglial functionin vitro, by attenuating secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and nitric oxide) in response to LPS stimulation and enhancing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). Gal-1 also shifted microglia/macrophage polarization toward the beneficial M2 phenotypein vivoby reducing CD16 expression and increasing CD206 expression. In sum, s-NSC transplantation confers robust neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia, probably by alleviating white matter injury and modulating microglial/macrophage function.
High aspect ratio 10-nm-scale nanoaperture arrays with template-guided metal dewetting
Authors: Wang Ying Min , Lu Liangxing , Srinivasan Bharathi Madurai , Asbahi Mohamed , Zhang Yong Wei , Yang Joel K. W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe introduce an approach to fabricate ordered arrays of 10-nm-scale silica-filled apertures in a metal film without etching or liftoff. Using low temperature (<400°C) thermal dewetting of metal films guided by nano-patterned templates, apertures with aspect ratios up to 5:1 are demonstrated. Apertures form spontaneously during the thermal process without need for further processing. Although the phenomenon of dewetting has been well studied, this is the first demonstration of its use in the fabrication of nanoapertures in a spatially controllable manner. In particular, the achievement of 10-nm length-scale patterning at high aspect ratio with thermal dewetting is unprecedented. By varying the nanotemplate design, we show its strong influence over the positions and sizes of the nanoapertures. In addition, we construct a three-dimensional phase field model of metal dewetting on nano-patterned substrates. The simulation data obtained closely corroborates our experimental results and reveals new insights to template dewetting at the nanoscale. Taken together, this fabrication method and simulation model form a complete toolbox for 10-nm-scale patterning using template-guided dewetting that could be extended to a wide range of material systems and geometries.
Copper(i) targeting in the Alzheimer's disease context: a first example using the biocompatible PTA ligand
Authors: Atrián-Blasco E , Cerrada E , Conte-Daban A , Testemale D , Faller P , Laguna M , Hureau C 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Copper(i) coordinating ligands in the Alzheimer's disease context have remained unexplored, despite the biological relevance of this redox state of the copper ion. Here, we show that the PTA ligand can remove copper from Aβ, prevent reactive oxygen species production and oligomer formation, two deleterious events in the disease's etiology.
Data communication through distribution networks for smart grid applications
Authors: El Haj Yousef , Albasha Lutfi , El‐Hag Ayman , Mir Hasan 
Published: April 2015

In this study, a novel solution is introduced to deal with excessive signal attenuation in distribution transformers for power line communication in smart grids. The results presented were not achievable before proposing this solution because of the filtering action of transformer. The solution is based on exploiting a unique frequency resonance spotted in transformer windings at 490 kHz with an amplifying gain (∼2 V/V) and a bandwidth about 40 kHz. It was successfully investigated to transmit a communication signal through 15 kVA distribution transformer. The 40 kHz bandwidth and the associated amplifying gain allowed fast and efficient transmission of data, which was not feasible before. The error of a coded binary phase shift keying signal propagating through a distribution transformer was measured in the laboratory. This simple and effective solution avoids costly hardware, such as bypassing circuits, and does not require sophisticated communication modulation schemes such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. A full model was developed for system simulations. The work evaluated factors that may influence the resonance frequency such as distribution cables and transformer ageing. All the simulated results were verified experimentally and met the expectations of the presented solution.