bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of an improved cementation technique for implant‐supported restorations: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Canullo Luigi , Cocchetto Roberto , Marinotti Fabio , Oltra David Peñarrocha , Diago María Peñarrocha , Loi Ignazio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundCement remnants were frequently associated with peri‐implantitis. Recently, a shoulderless abutment was proposed, raising some concern about cement excess removal.AimTo compare different cementation techniques for implant‐supported restorations assessing the amount of cement remnants in the peri‐implant sulcus. Additional aim was to compare the effect of these cementation techniques using two different abutment designs.Material & methodsForty‐six patients requiring double implant‐supported restoration in the posterior maxilla were randomly divided in two groups according to the cementation modality: intraoral and extraoral. According to the abutment finishing line, implants in each patient were randomly assigned to shoulderless or chamfer subgroup. In the intraoral group, crowns were directly seated onto the titanium abutment. In the extraoral group, crowns were firstly seated onto a resin abutment replica and immediately removed, then cleansed of the cement excess and finally seated on the titanium abutment. After cement setting, in both groups, cement excess was carefully tried to remove. Three months later, framework/abutment complexes were disconnected and prepared for microscopic analysis: surface occupied by exposed cement remnants and marginal gaps were measured. Additionally, crown/abutment complexes were grinded, and voids of cement were measured at abutment/crown interface. Related‐samples Friedman's two‐way analysis of variance by ranks was used to detect differences between groups and subgroups (P ≤ 0.5).ResultsAt the end of the study, a mean value of 0.45 mm2 (±0.80), 0.38 mm2 (±0.84), and 0.065 mm2 (±0.13) and 0.07 mm2 (±0.15) described surface occupied by cement remnants in shoulderless and chamfer abutment with intraoral cementation and shoulderless and chamfer abutment with extraoral cementation, respectively. A mean value of 0.40 mm2 (±0.377), 0.41 mm2 (±0.39) and 0.485 mm2 (±0.47) and 0.477 mm2 (±0.43) described cement voids at the abutment/crown interface; a mean value of 0.062 mm (±0.03), 0.064 mm (±0.35), 0.055 mm (±0.016) and 0.054 mm (±0.024) described marginal gaps. Statistics showed tendency of intraoral cementation to have significantly higher cement remnants compared with abutments with extraoral cementation groups. At the same time, the presence of voids was significantly higher in case of extraoral cementation. No significant differences between groups for the variable “gap”.ConclusionsDespite the presence of more voids, extraoral cementation reduces cement excess. However, using low adhesivity cement and careful cement removal, a very limited quantity of cement remnants was observed also in the intraoral cementation.
Papillary fill response in single‐tooth implants using abutments of different geometry
Authors: Patil Ratnadeep , den Hartog Laurens , Dilbaghi Anjali , de Jong Bart , Kerdijk Wouter , Cune Marco S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of abutment geometry on papillary fill in the esthetic zone in a delayed crown protocol.Materials and methodsTwenty‐six subjects received two non‐adjacent endosseous implants in the esthetic zone. Functional temporary crowns were installed 17–19 weeks later, using conventional (control) and curved (experimental) abutments. The abutments were randomized in each patient independently. Final crowns were cemented after 2 months (T0). Standard intraoral photographs and radiographs were made to evaluate papillary fill after 12 months (T12). The interproximal papilla fill was measured by means of the papilla index score (PIS) and related to the maximum bone level between the implant and the adjacent root as well as the peri‐implant marginal bone level at T12, both measured radiographically.ResultsNo statistically significant difference between the experimental and the control group could be demonstrated (P = 0.25). Ordinal regression analysis showed a positive correlation between the maximum bone level and papilla fill (P < 0.01) and a negative correlation between the peri‐implant marginal bone level and papilla fill (P < 0.05).ConclusionA concave abutment does not exhibit a better fill of the papilla compared with a straight abutment in single‐tooth implant placement using a delayed protocol in the esthetic zone after 12 months of function.
Stability and feedback levels in food web models
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Sander Elizabeth , Barabás György , Allesina Stefano 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNeutel & Thorne (Ecology Letters, 17:651–661, June 2014) provide an approximation for the leading eigenvalue of a food web community matrix involving coefficients of its characteristic polynomial. Though valuably incorporating three‐way species interactions, two critical problems emerge when one considers the dimensions of the system, calling the approach's accuracy and precision into question.
Beta‐interferon exposure and onset of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zhang T. , Shirani A. , Zhao Y. , Karim M. E. , Gustafson P. , Petkau J. , Evans C. , Kingwell E. , van der Kop M. , Zhu F. , Oger J. , Tremlett H. ,   BC MS Clinic Neurologists
Published: April 2015

Background and purposeBeta‐interferons (IFNβ) are the most widely prescribed drugs for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether or not treatment with IFNβ can delay secondary progressive MS (SPMS) onset remains unknown. Our aim was to examine the association between IFNβ exposure and SPMS onset in patients with relapsing−remitting MS (RRMS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study using British Columbia (Canada) population‐based clinical and health administrative data (1985–2008) was conducted. RRMS patients treated with IFNβ (n = 794) were compared with untreated contemporary (n = 933) and historical (n = 837) controls. Cohort entry was the first clinic visit during which patients became eligible for IFNβ treatment (baseline). The outcome was time from baseline to SPMS onset. Cox regression models with IFNβ as a time‐dependent exposure were adjusted for sex, and baseline age, disease duration, disability, *socioeconomic status and *comorbidities (*available for the contemporary cohorts only). Additional analyses included propensity score adjustment.ResultsThe median follow‐up for the IFNβ‐treated, untreated contemporary and historical controls were 5.7, 3.7 and 7.3 years, and the proportions of patients reaching SPMS were 9.2%, 11.8% and 32.9%, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, IFNβ exposure was not associated with the risk of reaching SPMS when either the contemporary or the historical untreated cohorts were considered (hazard ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval 0.93–1.48, and hazard ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 0.74–1.46, respectively). Further adjustments and the propensity score yielded results consistent with the main analysis.ConclusionsAmongst patients with RRMS, use of IFNβ was not associated with a delayed onset of SPMS.
Myasthenia gravis: descriptive analysis of life‐threatening events in a recent nationwide registry
Authors: Ramos‐Fransi A. , Rojas‐García R. , Segovia S. , Márquez‐Infante C. , Pardo J. , Coll‐Cantí J. , Jericó I. , Illa I. ,   Myasthenia NMD‐ES Study Group
Published: April 2015

Background and purposeMyasthenia gravis (MG) may become life‐threatening if patients have respiratory insufficiency or dysphagia. This study aimed to determine the incidence, demographic characteristics, risk factors, response to treatment and outcome of these life‐threatening events (LTEs) in a recent, population‐based sample of MG patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of MG patients who presented with an LTE between 2000 and 2013 was performed. Participants were identified from a neuromuscular diseases registry in Spain that includes 648 patients with MG (NMD‐ES).ResultsSixty‐two (9.56%) patients had an LTE. Thirty‐two were classified as class V according to the MG Foundation of America, and 30 as class IVB. Fifty per cent were previously diagnosed with MG and median duration of the disease before the LTE was 24 months (3–406). The most common related factor was infection (n = 18). All patients received intravenous human immunoglobulin; 11 had a second infusion and six had plasma exchange. Median time to feeding tube removal was 13 days (1–434). Median time to weaning from ventilation was 12 days (3–176), and it was significantly shorter in late onset MG (≥50 years) (P = 0.019). LTEs improved <2 weeks in 55.8% but did not improve until after 1 month in 20% of patients. Four patients died. No other factors influenced mortality or duration of LTEs.ConclusionsThe percentage of LTEs in MG patients was low, particularly amongst those previously diagnosed and treated for the disease. The significant percentage of treatment‐resistant LTEs indicates that more effective treatment approaches are needed for this vulnerable sub‐population.
Heller, Schmitt and the Euro
Authors: Streeck Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHeller understood that Schmitt's ‘authoritarian state’ was in fact the liberal state in its pure form, weak in relation to the capitalist economy but strong in fending off democratic interventions in its operation. Had he lived, Heller would not have been surprised by the close affinities between Schmittian economic authoritarianism and postwar German ordoliberalism, as mediated by a figure like Alexander Rüstow. Neoliberalism as today we know it drew heavily on ordoliberal doctrine, in particular through Friedrich von Hayek who managed to merge it with Austrian economics into a powerful ideological force to replace Keynesianism after the 1970s. Today the European Union, especially in its incorporation as monetary union, closely follows the liberal‐authoritarian template as devised by Schmitt and others in the final years of the Weimar Republic. The paper shows this with reference to the five European‐level institutions that today govern the European free market while protecting it from democratic interference: the Parliament, the Council, the Commission, the European Court of Justice and the European Central Bank.
Venture Capital Valuation, Partial Adjustment, and Underpricing: Behavioral Bias or Information Production?
Authors: Jindra Jan , Leshchinskii Dima 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUsing a sample of venture capital (VC)‐backed initial public offerings (IPOs), we analyze the role played by perceived valuation changes on IPO underpricing. We find that perceived valuation change from the last pre‐IPO VC round to the IPO affects IPO underpricing in a nonlinear way. Further analysis indicates that information‐based theories, not behavioral biases, explain this nonlinearity. We also find that the previously documented partial adjustment effect and its nonlinear impact on IPO underpricing are related to the trajectory of the perceived valuation changes, which stands in stark contrast to prior evidence of the importance of behavioral biases.
Trend‐Following Trading Strategies in U.S. Stocks: A Revisit
Authors: Szakmary Andrew C. , Lancaster M. Carol 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe show that previous findings regarding the profitability of trend‐following trading rules over intermediate horizons in futures markets also extend to individual U.S. stocks. Portfolios formed using technical indicators such as moving average or channel ratios, without employing cross‐sectional rankings of any kind, tend to perform about as well as the more commonly examined momentum strategies. The profitability of these strategies appears significant, both statistically and economically, through 2007, but evidence of profitability vanishes after 2007. Market‐state dependence, while clearly present, does not explain the post‐2007 reduction in returns to these strategies.
Style consumption: its drivers and role in sustainable apparel consumption
Authors: Cho Erin , Gupta Shipra , Kim Youn‐Kyung 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study proposes style consumption (SC) as a way to foster sustainable apparel consumption. In doing so, we identify explanatory and outcome variables of SC and also examine gender differences in these variables. Based on an online survey with 586 consumers, we find that frugal apparel consumption (FAC), fashion consciousness (FC) and ecologically conscious consumption (ECC) enhance the likelihood of SC. SC in turn increases environmental apparel purchase (EAP) and sustainable apparel divestment (SAD). The results also suggest significant gender differences both in motivational and behavioural variables included in the model. Specifically, females are significantly higher than males in FAC, FC and ECC. The tendency of SC, EAP and SAD were also higher for females than males. In addition, we find that gender is a significant factor mediating the effect of FC and that of ECC on SC.
Industrial relations, critical social science and reform: I, principles of engagement
Authors: Edwards Paul 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIndustrial relations has long had a concern with the links between research and policy. This concern connects with wider debates on emancipation in the related field of Critical Management and in social science in general. This paper lays out an approach to engagement with policy through four arguments. First, ontological realism provides a grounding for claims as to scientific truth. Second, we can also say from realist principles that people have real interests. Third, links between ‘is’ and ‘ought’ can be addressed through the normative arguments presented by Andrew Sayer. Finally, dimensions of real interests, based on the work of Ed Heery, are identified. Part II of the paper provides application and illustration.
Evaluation of Brazilian airlines nonradial efficiencies and targets using an alternative DEA approach
Authors: Gomes Júnior Silvio Figueiredo , Rubem Ana Paula dos Santos , Soares de Mello João Carlos Correia Baptista , Angulo Meza Lidia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper evaluates the operational performance of airlines using an alternative data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. We start by calculating the relative efficiency of each firm with the classical DEA. After identifying the set of efficient airlines that could be used as benchmarks for the inefficient firms, we employ a nonradial efficiency measure based on vector concepts that considers each efficient airline as a real target at once. This allows the assessment of efficiency scores using other targets than those automatically derived by the classical DEA, traditionally built on radial measures of efficiency. Although the results indicate a large number of negative efficiency scores, for most inefficient airlines, it was possible to identify at least one real target whose corresponding score was positive. In addition, the methodology herein adopted enriches benchmarking analysis, as it provides a set of alternative targets easily understood and accepted by the managers involved in the decision process.
Bi‐objective stochastic programming models for determining depot locations in disaster relief operations
Authors: Rath Stefan , Gendreau Michel , Gutjahr Walter J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper presents two‐stage bi‐objective stochastic programming models for disaster relief operations. We consider a problem that occurs in the aftermath of a natural disaster: a transportation system for supplying disaster victims with relief goods must be established. We propose bi‐objective optimization models with a monetary objective and humanitarian objective. Uncertainty in the accessibility of the road network is modeled by a discrete set of scenarios. The key features of our model are the determination of locations for intermediate depots and acquisition of vehicles. Several model variants are considered. First, the operating budget can be fixed at the first stage for all possible scenarios or determined for each scenario at the second stage. Second, the assignment of vehicles to a depot can be either fixed or free. Third, we compare a heterogeneous vehicle fleet to a homogeneous fleet. We study the impact of the variants on the solutions. The set of Pareto‐optimal solutions is computed by applying the adaptive Epsilon‐constraint method. We solve the deterministic equivalents of the two‐stage stochastic programs using the MIP‐solver CPLEX.
Sacoglossan sea slugs make routine use of photosynthesis by a variety of species‐specific adaptations
Authors: Pierce Sidney K. , Curtis Nicholas E. , Middlebrooks Michael L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe phenomenon of the uptake, intracellular sequestration, and subsequent usage of algal chloroplasts by the digestive cells of many species of sacoglossan sea slugs, currently called kleptoplasty, has been of considerable interest since its discovery in the 1960s. While a large body of literature reported that captured chloroplasts were photosynthetically active inside slug cells and that plastid longevity in some species might be the result of the horizontal transfer of functional algal nuclear genes into the slug genome, a few recent studies have called the older results into question. Here, we have reviewed the literature and showed that while kleptoplasty occurs in many slug species and almost all derive benefit from kleptoplast photosynthesis, the slug adaptations to maintain the chloroplasts differ from species to species. These adaptations range from behavioral to molecular, including gene transfer, in a variety of combinations.
Biochar Mitigates Salinity Stress in Potato
Authors: Akhtar S. S. , Andersen M. N. , Liu F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA pot experiment was conducted in a climate‐controlled greenhouse to investigate the growth, physiology and yield of potato in response to salinity stress under biochar amendment. It was hypothesized that addition of biochar may improve plant growth and yield by mitigating the negative effect of salinity through its high sorption ability. From tuber bulking to harvesting, the plants were exposed to three saline irrigations, that is 0, 25 and 50 mm NaCl solutions, respectively, and two levels of biochar (0 % and 5 % W/W) treatments. An adsorption study was also conducted to study the Na+ adsorption capability of biochar. Results indicated that biochar was capable to ameliorate salinity stress by adsorbing Na+. Increasing salinity level resulted in significant reductions of shoot biomass, root length and volume, tuber yield, photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs), midday leaf water potential, but increased abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in both leaf and xylem sap. At each salinity level, incorporation of biochar increased shoot biomass, root length and volume, tuber yield, An, gs, midday leaf water potential, and decreased ABA concentration in the leaf and xylem sap as compared with the respective non‐biochar control. Decreased Na+, Na+/K+ ratio and increased K+ content in xylem with biochar amendment also indicated its ameliorative effects on potato plants in response to salinity stress. The results suggested that incorporation of biochar might be a promising approach for enhancing crop productivity in salt‐affected soils.
Impact of Non‐Pulmonary Vein Foci on the Outcome of the Second Session of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: TAKIGAWA MASATERU , TAKAHASHI ATSUSHI , KUWAHARA TAISHI , OKUBO KENJI , TAKAHASHI YOSHIHIDE , NAKASHIMA EMIKO , WATARI YUJI , YAMAO KAZUYA , NAKAJIMA JUN , TAKAGI KATSUMASA , KIMURA SHIGEKI , HIKITA HIROYUKI , HIRAO KENZO , ISOBE MITSUAKI 
Published: April 2015

Impact of Non‐PV AF Foci on the Second Catheter Ablation for PAFBackgroundParoxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non‐PV AF foci may also trigger AF.MethodsWe examined 207 patients (mean age, 62 ± 11 years; 166 men) who underwent a second catheter ablation (CA) and evaluated the clinical significance of non‐PV AF foci on the outcomes.ResultsElectrical reconnections between the PVs and left atrium (LA) were observed in 162 patients (78.3%). Non‐PV AF foci were identified in 95 patients (45.9%, 60 patients with successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci and 35 with unmappable non‐PV AF foci). During a median follow‐up period of 22.7 months, 61 patients (29.5%; 18/112 [16.1%] without non‐PV AF foci vs. 20/60 [33.3%] with successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci vs. 23/35 [65.7%] with unmappable non‐PV AF foci, P < 0.0001) developed AF recurrence; 52 (85.2%) developed recurrence within 1 year. The presence of non‐PV AF foci was a significant clinical predictor of AF recurrence after the second CA; successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci increased the AF recurrence risk by 2.24 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–4.54; P = 0.02), and unmappable AF foci increased this risk by 5.58 times (95% CI, 2.73–11.63; P < 0.0001).ConclusionNearly half of the patients had non‐PV AF foci at the second CA session. AF recurred after the second CA session in approximately 30%, with most recurrences happening within 1 year. The presence of non‐PV AF foci significantly increased the AF recurrence risk after a second CA. When non‐PV AF foci were unmappable, the AF recurrence rate was extremely high.
Prevalence, Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Duck Meat and Giblets
Authors: Darwish Wageh Sobhy , Eldin Walaa Fathy Saad , Eldesoky Kamal I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEscherichia coli is one of the foodborne pathogens associated with several cases of human sickness. Duck meat is an excellent source of animal‐derived high quality proteins. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible transmission of diarrheagenic E. coli from consumption of duck meat and giblets. Additionally, expression of some virulence‐associated genes in the isolated E. coli serotypes was examined using polymerase chain reaction. Finally, antibiogram of the identified E. coli serotypes was also investigated.E. coli could be isolated from the examined duck meat and giblets. Five serogroups could be identified, including E. coli O86, O127, O114, O26 and O78. Liver harbored the highest incidence of E. coli followed by gizzard, heart, spleen and muscle. Isolated E. coli serogroups harbored different virulent factors responsible for diarrhea and hemorrhage. Additionally, isolated E. coli serogroups showed marked low sensitivity or even resistance to the most common used antibiotics in Egypt.Practical ApplicationsThe results of this study declare that duck meat and giblets may be a possible source for transmission of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to human. The isolated E. coli serotypes harbored various virulence‐associated genes, in particular those responsible for hemorrhage and toxin production. Additionally, the isolated serotypes showed variable degrees of antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, adoption of strict hygienic measures should be followed during preparation of ducks for human consumption. Additionally, efficient cooking of ducks and duck giblets must be considered before serving to human.