bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terreur et théologie : Paulhan, Scarry, Novarina
Authors: Ireland John 
Published: February 2015

Valère Novarina occupe par rapport à Jean Paulhan et sa notion de « terreur » dans les lettres une position très particulière : d’un côté des ambitions iconoclastes, son désir de brûler les idoles de la tradition ; de l’autre, une conscience rhétorique et une vénération pour les œuvres de siècles passés où rhétorique et théologie sont inextricablement mêlées. De cette conjoncture naît une fascination pour l’engendrement, l’auto-propagation linguistique qui trouve son corollaire dans une théologie originaire où le premier livre biblique occupe une position primordiale. Adaptant la démonstration d’Elaine Scarry sur la problématique du corps et de la croyance dans la Genèse, cet article montre comment ses analyses illuminent l’esthétique dramatique de Novarina.
HIV-1 Single-Stranded RNA Induces CXCL13 Secretion in Human Monocytes via TLR7 Activation and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell–Derived Type I IFN
Authors: Cohen Kristen W. , Dugast Anne-Sophie , Alter Galit , McElrath M. Juliana , Stamatatos Leonidas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Elevated levels of the chemokine CXCL13 have been observed in the plasma of chronically HIV-1–infected subjects and have been correlated with plasma viremia, which in turn has been linked to progressive dysregulation of humoral responses. In this study we sought to identify mechanisms of CXCL13 induction in response to HIV-1 infection. Plasma levels of CXCL13 in HIV-1–infected antiretroviral therapy–naive subjects correlated with viral load and were higher compared with antiretroviral therapy–treated HIV-1–infected and HIV-1–uninfected subjects. To elucidate the relationship between HIV-1 viremia and CXCL13 plasma levels, PBMCs from uninfected donors were stimulated with HIV-1 infectious virions, HIV-1 ssRNA, TLR 7 and 8 agonists, or IFN-α. The cellular sources of CXCL13 were determined by intracellular cytokine staining of cell populations. CXCL13 was produced by monocytes after stimulation with TLR 7 and 8 ligands or HIV-1–derived ssRNA. CXCL13 production by monocytes required TLR7 activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and secretion of type I IFN. IFN-α alone was sufficient to induce CXCL13 expression in human monocytes. In sum, we identified a novel mechanism of HIV-1–induced CXCL13 secretion—one caused by TLR7 induction of type I IFN by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and subsequent IFN stimulation of monocytes. Our findings are relevant in understanding how HIV-1 infection leads to immune dysregulation and provide the opportunity to develop and test potential therapeutic interventions.
Contact-Dependent Depletion of Hydrogen Peroxide by Catalase Is a Novel Mechanism of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Induction Operating in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Resheq Yazid J. , Li Ka-Kit , Ward Stephen T. , Wilhelm Annika , Garg Abhilok , Curbishley Stuart M. , Blahova Miroslava , Zimmermann Henning W. , Jitschin Regina , Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Mackensen Andreas , Weston Chris J. , Adams David H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a unique cell population with distinct immunosuppressive properties that have been demonstrated to shape the outcome of malignant diseases. Recently, human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) have been reported to induce monocytic-MDSC from mature CD14+ monocytes in a contact-dependent manner. We now report a novel and unexpected mechanism by which CD14+HLADRlow/− suppressive cells are induced by catalase-mediated depletion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Incubation of CD14+ monocytes with catalase led to a significant induction of functional MDSC compared with media alone, and H2O2 levels inversely correlated with MDSC frequency (r = −0.6555, p &lt; 0.05). Catalase was detected in primary HSC and a stromal cell line, and addition of the competitive catalase inhibitor hydroxylamine resulted in a dose-dependent impairment of MDSC induction and concomitant increase of H2O2 levels. The NADPH-oxidase subunit gp91 was significantly increased in catalase-induced MDSC as determined by quantitative PCR outlining the importance of oxidative burst for the induction of MDSC. These findings represent a so far unrecognized link between immunosuppression by MDSC and metabolism. Moreover, this mechanism potentially explains how stromal cells can induce a favorable immunological microenvironment in the context of tissue oxidative stress such as occurs during cancer therapy.
Granzyme B Expression Is Enhanced in Human Monocytes by TLR8 Agonists and Contributes to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Elavazhagan Saranya , Fatehchand Kavin , Santhanam Vikram , Fang Huiqing , Ren Li , Gautam Shalini , Reader Brenda , Mo Xiaokui , Cheney Carolyn , Briercheck Edward , Vasilakos John P. , Dietsch Gregory N. , Hershberg Robert M. , Caligiuri Michael , Byrd John C. , Butchar Jonathan P. , Tridandapani Susheela 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
FcγRs are critical mediators of mAb cancer therapies, because they drive cytotoxic processes upon binding of effector cells to opsonized targets. Along with NK cells, monocytes are also known to destroy Ab-coated targets via Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, the precise mechanisms by which monocytes carry out this function have remained elusive. In this article, we show that human monocytes produce the protease granzyme B upon both FcγR and TLR8 activation. Treatment with TLR8 agonists elicited granzyme B and also enhanced FcγR-mediated granzyme B production in an additive fashion. Furthermore, monocyte-mediated ADCC against cetuximab-coated tumor targets was enhanced by TLR8 agonist treatment, and this enhancement of ADCC required granzyme B. Hence we have identified granzyme B as an important mediator of FcγR function in human monocytes and have uncovered another mechanism by which TLR8 agonists may enhance FcγR-based therapies.
Filarial Infection Modulates the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis through Expansion of CD4+ IL-4 Memory T Cells
Authors: Chatterjee Soumya , Clark Carolyn E. , Lugli Enrico , Roederer Mario , Nutman Thomas B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Exaggerated CD4+ T helper 2–specific cytokine producing memory T cell responses developing concomitantly with a T helper 1 response might have a detrimental role in immunity to infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To assess the dynamics of Ag-specific memory T cell compartments in the context of filarial infection, we used multiparameter flow cytometry on PBMCs from 25 microfilaremic filarial-infected (Inf) and 14 filarial-uninfected (Uninf) subjects following stimulation with filarial Ag (BmA) or with the M. tuberculosis–specific Ag culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10). Our data demonstrated that the Inf group had a marked increase in BmA-specific CD4+IL-4+ cells (median net frequency compared with baseline [Fo] = 0.09% versus 0.01%; p = 0.038) but also to CFP-10 (Fo = 0.16% versus 0.007%; p = 0.04) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (Fo = 0.49% versus 0.26%; p = 0.04). The Inf subjects showed a BmA-specific expansion of CD4+CD45RO+IL-4+ producing central memory (TCM, CD45RO+CCR7+CD27+; Fo = 1.1% versus 0.5%; p = 0.04) as well as effector memory (TEM, CD45RO+CCR7−CD27−; Fo = 1.5% versus 0.2%; p = 0.03) with a similar but nonsignificant response to CFP-10. In addition, there was expansion of CD4+IL-4+CD45RA+CCR7+CD27+ (naive-like) in Inf individuals compared with Uninf subjects. Among Inf subjects with definitive latent tuberculosis, there were no differences in frequencies of IL-4–producing cells within any of the memory compartments compared with the Uninf group. Our data suggest that filarial infection induces Ag-specific, exaggerated IL-4 responses in distinct T cell memory compartments to M. tuberculosis–specific Ags, which are attenuated in subjects who are able to mount a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to M. tuberculosis.
Difference between Vascularization Indexes of the Placenta in Severe Pre-eclampsia and Normal Pregnancy by Three-dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Andonotopo Wiku , Kristanto Herman , Dewantiningrum Julian , Pramono Besari Adi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The object of this study was to analyze the vascularization index of three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) of the placenta in severe pre-eclampsia compared with normal pregnancy conditions by vascular biopsy sampling sphere.

Subjects and methods
This study is a prospective longitudinal observational study on 80 pregnant women which divided into 2 groups: Group I (study group) were 40 pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia, group II (control group) were 40 pregnant women without disorder. Variables examined in this study were vascular index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascular flow index (VFI) of the 3D-PD placental perfusion. Its correlation to gestational age in normal pregnancy compared with the condition of preeclampsia were obtained by taking multiple biopsy sampling vascular sphere. All pregnant women underwent 3D PD-US examination (single examination only), data volume recorded of the placenta allows for off-line analysis without the presence of the patient, thus allowing the data analysis done anywhere and anytime by observers for the comparative analysis of interobserver reliability.

Results
The placenta can be visualized perfectly in both of the study group and also the control group. Average Kappa value for the acquisition of placental vascularization index measurements with 3D PD-US was 0.72 (0.61-0.82), 0.73 (0.65-0.82) and 0.71 (0.61-0.81) for VI, FI and VFI in the range of 20 to 38 weeks showed good interobserver reliability. All 3D power Doppler indices had a significant association with gestational age, with VI showed a less significant relationship (r = 0.207, p = 0.0139) and FI has the most significant relationship (r = 0.582, p < 0.001). FI index increased progressively with gestational age, while the VI index values indicate dispersion pattern and reached a plateau from week 30 onwards. Entering week 37th, there was a decrease in the value of the index VI until the end of pregnancy. Meanwhile, VFI index appears to resemble the pattern of a combination of both VI and FI index (r = 0.692, p <0.001).

Conclusion
All parameters of 3D power Doppler index was lower in the severe pre-eclampsia compared with normal pregnancy. 3D PD-US can be used to assess the vascularization of the placenta and the intensity of intra-placental blood flow. Placental vascular biopsy method is fairly efficient way to perform routine evaluations evolution of placental vascular branch during pregnancy.

How to cite this article
Andonotopo W, Kristanto H, Dewantiningrum J, Pramono BA. Difference between Vascularization Indexes of the Placenta in Severe Pre-eclampsia and Normal Pregnancy by Three-dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(4):329-335.
What the Fetal Face can tell Us: A Discussion of the Evidence, Implications and Potential for Further Research
Authors: Reissland Nadja 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper reviews findings in fetal development research using two-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound imaging and how these techniques have been applied to increase understanding of the fetus. The limitations of differences in language and methods used to code and score images between research groups will also be explored, reaching the conclusion that a reliable coding scheme for fetal facial movements is essential. Furthermore, applications of the new technology studies of bonding between parent and fetus, cross-cultural research on fetal facial development and medical applications are discussed.

How to cite this article
Reissland N. What the Fetal Face can tell Us: A Discussion of the Evidence, Implications and Potential for Further Research. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(4):336-343.
Prenatal Observation of Fetal Trachea and Bilateral Bronchi using Ultrasonography
Authors: Aoki Showa 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The fetal airway tract can be observed using the planes of view in cardiac screening. In three-vessel-tracheal view, the crosssection of the trachea is identified adjacent to the right-posterior side of the middle transverse aorta. In three-vessel view, the cross-section of the right bronchus is observed adjacent to the right side of the ascending aorta. In aortic and ductal arch views, the short axis of the left bronchus is confirmed inward of the arch. In oblique three-vessel view, the right bronchus is seen on top of the ascending aorta coursing toward the azygos vein. To exclude the vessels, absence of blood flow signals in the trachea and bronchi should be reconfirmed by using pulsed and color Doppler imagings. In the whole ‘Y-shaped’ image, the right main bronchus depicts the more linear extension from the trachea than the left bronchus and the first lobar bronchus that branches near the carina to the right upper lobe. Segmental bronchi also can be depicted in both bilateral bronchi. Several new modalities, including three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, simultaneous visualization of the fetal trachea and esophagus, and fluid flow waveforms in the fetal airway tract, makes feasible detailed prenatal assessment, prediction of neonatal respiratory condition, and most especially identification of anatomical deformity and pathologic entities.

How to cite this article
Aoki S. Prenatal Observation of Fetal Trachea and Bilateral Bronchi using Ultrasonography. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(4):353-361.
Fetal Dual Doppler Echocardiography
Authors: Kaji Takashi , Maeda Kazuhisa , Hichijo Atsuko , Takahashi Yohei , Nakayama Soichiro , Irahara Minoru 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Dual Doppler echocardiography is a recently developed technique performed using an instrument with two separate sample gates, allowing simultaneous recording of signals from two locations. We describe the use of dual Doppler echocardiography to assess fetal cardiac rhythm. Fetal arrhythmias are common and encountered in 1 to 2% pregnancies. They often resolve spontaneously and do not require treatment, but sometimes lead to severe morbidity and mortality. Fetal arrhythmias are responsive to fetal therapy and require appropriate management through accurate diagnosis. Pulsed wave Doppler and M-mode echocardiography are widely used to assess fetal cardiac rhythm. Both methods have advantages and limitations, which are influenced by fetal position, image resolution, and the complexity of the arrhythmia. We developed a new technique that records pulsed wave Doppler signals in the hepatic vein (HV) and the descending aorta (DAo) simultaneously using dual Doppler. This method is less influenced by fetal position and the complexity of the arrhythmia, and the images have better resolution than those acquired using conventional Doppler methods in most cases. Although, electrical parameters, such as the QT interval cannot be evaluated, dual Doppler recording of flows in HV and DAo is an efficient and effective method for assessing fetal cardiac rhythms, allowing precise diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias.

How to cite this article
Kaji T, Maeda K, Hichijo A, Takahashi Y, Nakayama S, Irahara M. Fetal Dual Doppler Echocardiography. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 8(4):376-381.
Ultrasound Assessment of the Umbilical Cord
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAs a nonreassuring fetal status and intrauterine fetal death are often caused by umbilical cord abnormalities, obtaining an ultrasound diagnosis of umbilical cord abnormalities is required for a safe delivery. We believe that the prenatal detection of umbilical cord abnormalities and appropriate management of the delivery improves perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. In the present review, the protocol for ultrasound diagnosis and management of umbilical cord abnormalities, including abnormalities of cord insertion, hypercoiled cord, nuchal cord and fore-lying umbilical cord, is discussed considering current knowledge regarding the physiological and pathological aspects of these umbilical cord abnormalities.How to cite this articleHasegawa J. Ultrasound Assessment of the Umbilical Cord. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(4):382-390.
To Study the Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies complicated by Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Pandey Uma 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo study the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by rheumatic heart disease (RHD).Materials and methodsA retrospective study was carried out in the obstetric and cardiology outpatients department of Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India over a period of 1 year (Dec 2011-2012) involving 96 pregnant patients with rheumatic heart disease. Their maternal and fetal outcomes were reviewed.ResultsA total of 96 pregnant mothers with heart disease presented to us during the period of 1 year (Dec 2011-2012). Majority of the pregnant mothers had mitral stenosis n = 46 (47%). Rest of the patients had multivalve disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was found to be in 28 patients (29%). Atrial thrombus was seen in the echocardiography of one patient. Mitral valve replacement was done before pregnancy in 16 mothers (16%); these gravid mothers were put on low-molecular weight hepanin (LMWH) and during the midtrimester on the Acitrom. There was one patient admitted with atrial fibrillation. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II heart disease progressed in two patients to class III and IV. There was no maternal or fetal mortality in this study. There were 24 cesarean sections (25%) done out of which 8 were for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (32%), rest were due to maternal reasons. There were 12 preterm deliveries. Four fetuses had intraventricular hemorrhage.ConclusionDespite no maternal and neonatal mortality, pregnancy in women with heart disease is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidities.How to cite this articlePandey U. To Study the Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Pregnancies complicated by Rheumatic Heart Disease. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2014;5(3):92-94.
The Effect of Doxycycline on Pus Cells and Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Leukocytospermia
Authors: Aggarwal Richa 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe World Health Organization (WHO) has defined leukocytospermia as > 106WBC/ml of semen. However, the clinical significance of leukocytospermia is currently a subject of controversy. Evidence from several recent studies indicates that leukocytospermia could significantly contribute to oxidative stress and male infertility. Several clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of antibiotic therapy to treat patients with pyospermia in an attempt to improve fertility. Currently, doxycycline is the most common antibiotic used to treat pyospermia though larger trials are needed to demonstrate its efficacy in treating pyospermia.Materials and methodsHundred male partners with semen analysis showing the presence of significant leukocytospermia (WBC > 1 × 106/ml), sterile semen culture and satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and given doxycycline 100 mg bd for 14 days. Semen analysis for pus cells and oxidative stress (ROS) measurement was done before and after the treatment.ResultsMean pus cell count before and after treatment with doxycycline was 2.28 ± 1.26 × 106/ml and 1.21 ± 0.58 ×106/mL respectively, the effect being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Resolution of leukocytospermia was seen in 61.4% (54/88) cases after doxycycline treatment. Mean oxidative stress (RLU/ sec/million sperms) before and after doxycycline therapy was 79.72 ± 133.9 and 25.44 ± 47.8, the difference being significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionStudy results show that treatment with broad spectrum antibiotic like doxycycline leads to significant decrease in the number of pus cells present in semen thereby significantly decreasing the oxidative stress.How to cite this articleAggarwal R. the Effect of Doxycycline on Pus Cells and Oxidative Stress in Male Patients with Leukocytospermia. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2014;5(3):95-99.
The Nolde Lecture, Lutheran Seminary of Philadelphia, October 1, 2013 The Legacy of Ecumenical Protestantism: Nolde's Contribution
Authors: LITTLE DAVID 
Published: February 2015

AbstractScholars of the “new history” of the post–World War II ecumenical movement claim that ecumenical Protestantism left a contradictory legacy. It advanced the development of a more pluralistic, equitable social order, stressing the importance of a moderate center between theological and political extremes. At the same time, it did so because of parochial theological beliefs that were tied to a privileged social position it inadvertently helped to undermine, thereby advancing the secularization of society. However, a reconsideration of the contributions of Fred Nolde to ecumenical Protestantism challenges that account. It strongly confirms the progressive, centrist impact of the movement, but it also shows that while ecumenicals like Nolde were parochial in some ways, they held other decidedly antiparochial beliefs, beliefs that welcomed equal liberty for everyone everywhere—believers and nonbelievers alike—but did not surrender everything to the forces of secularization. They favored protecting the right of ecumenicals on an equal footing with everyone else to continue speaking up in public for a politics and theology of the center. Whether that message can help reclaim the lost center of American religious and political life remains to be seen.
Endothelium and haemostasis
Authors: Aird W. C. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe endothelium is a widely distributed organ system that plays an important role in health and disease. The endothelium is remarkably heterogeneous in structure and function. One vital function of the endothelium is to maintain blood in its fluid state, and to provide controlled haemostasis at sites of vascular injury. In keeping with the theme of endothelial cell heterogeneity, endothelial cells from different sites of the vascular employ different strategies to mediate local haemostatic balance. These differences are sufficient to explain why systemic imbalances of haemostatic components invariably lead to local thrombotic phenotypes. An important goal for the future is to identify diagnostic markers that reflect phenotypic changes at the level of individual vascular beds, and to develop therapies that target one or another site of the vasculature.
De nieuwe erfrechtelijke penshonado-regeling?
Authors: Sewberath Misser Anita C.E. 
Published: February 2015

De nieuwe erfrechtelijke penshonado-regeling?
Een artikel dat is afgeleid van de afstudeerscriptie van de auteur met als titel De invloed van de afschaffing van de legitieme portie op het interregionaal erfrecht binnen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden.
Beroep bij de administratieve rechter tegen vaststelling van een ontwikkelingsplan in de BES
Authors: Taal C. 
Published: February 2015

Beroep bij de administratieve rechter tegen vaststelling van een ontwikkelingsplan in de BES
Een ruimtelijk ontwikkelingsplan is geen beschikking als bedoeld in de WarBES. Daartegen staat derhalve krachtens die wet geen beroep bij de bestuursrechter open. Dat doet er evenwel niet aan af dat bij bijzondere wet kan worden geregeld dat tegen vaststelling van zo’n ontwikkelingsplan beroep bij de bestuursrechter kan worden ingesteld. De auteur betoogt aan de hand van wetsgeschiedenis en -vergelijking dat in artikel 13 lid 3 WgroBES tegen de vaststelling van een ontwikkelingsplan beroep bij de bestuursrechter is opengesteld, ondanks de daarin gebruikte misleidende term ‘beschikking’.