bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probability‐weighted nonlinear stochastic optimal control strategy of quasi‐integrable Hamiltonian systems with uncertain parameters
Authors: Gu X. D. , Zhu W. Q. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe nonlinear stochastic optimal control problem of quasi‐integrable Hamiltonian systems with uncertain parameters is investigated. The uncertain parameters are described by using a random vector with λ probability density function. First, the partially averaged Itô stochastic differential equations are derived by using the stochastic averaging method for quasi‐integrable Hamiltonian systems. Then, the dynamical programming equation is established based on stochastic dynamical programming principle. By minimizing the dynamical programming equation with respect to control forces, the optimal control forces can be derived, which are functions of the uncertain parameters. The final optimal control forces are then determined by probability‐weighted average of the obtained control forces with the probability density of the uncertain parameters as weighting function. The mean control effectiveness and mean control efficiency are used to evaluate the proposed control strategy. The robustness of the proposed control is measured by using the ratios of the variation coefficients of mean control effectiveness and mean control efficiency to the variation coefficients of uncertain parameters. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the proposed control strategy and its effectiveness and robustness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do Management Actions to Restore Rare Habitat Benefit Native Fish Conservation? Distribution of Juvenile Native Fish Among Shoreline Habitats of the Colorado River
Authors: Dodrill M. J. , Yackulic C. B. , Gerig B. , Pine W. E. , Korman J. , Finch C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMany management actions in aquatic ecosystems are directed at restoring or improving specific habitats to benefit fish populations. In the Grand Canyon reach of the Colorado River, experimental flow operations as part of the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program have been designed to restore sandbars and associated backwater habitats. Backwaters can have warmer water temperatures than other habitats, and native fish, including the federally endangered humpback chub Gila cypha, are frequently observed in backwaters, leading to a common perception that this habitat is critical for juvenile native fish conservation. However, it is unknown how fish densities in backwaters compare with that in other habitats or what proportion of juvenile fish populations reside in backwaters. Here, we develop and fit multi‐species hierarchical models to estimate habitat‐specific abundances and densities of juvenile humpback chub, bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus, flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis and speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus in a portion of the Colorado River. Densities of all four native fish were greatest in backwater habitats in 2009 and 2010. However, backwaters are rare and ephemeral habitats, so they contain only a small portion of the overall population. For example, the total abundance of juvenile humpback chub in this study was much higher in talus than in backwater habitats. Moreover, when we extrapolated relative densities based on estimates of backwater prevalence directly after a controlled flood, the majority of juvenile humpback chub were still found outside of backwaters. This suggests that the role of controlled floods in influencing native fish population trends may be limited in this section of the Colorado River. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Response of a Sand‐Dominated River to Installation and Removal of a Temporary Run‐of‐the‐River Dam
Authors: Costigan K. H. , Ruffing C. M. , Perkin J. S. , Daniels M. D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRun‐of‐the‐river dams (RORDs) comprise the vast majority of dams on river systems and are commonly removed as a part of stream restoration strategies. Although these dams are routinely removed, few studies have documented the geomorphological responses of sand‐bed rivers to the removal of RORDs. We examined the response of a large sand‐bed river located in South‐Central Kansas, USA, to the installation and removal of a dam that is installed annually for seasonal recreational purposes. Channel adjustments were tracked using cross‐sections sampled over the course of 7 months as the dam was installed and subsequently removed. Multivariate spatiotemporal analysis revealed emergence of channel stability when the dam was in place for most cross‐sections, except for those immediately adjacent to or at great distances from the dam. Our results provide an approximation for how sand‐bed rivers respond to RORD construction and removal and are useful for guiding management decisions involving preservation or restoration of connectivity. Results of this study suggest that sand‐bed rivers are resilient and recover quickly when transient RORDs are removed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verbesserung der Tragfähigkeit von Ankerplatten mit angeschweißten Kopfbolzen in stabförmigen Stahlbetonbauteilen
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Ruopp Jakob , Ožbolt Ana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Tragverhalten von steifen Ankerplatten mit Kopfbolzen in stabförmigen Stahlbetonbauteilen insbesondere unter Schubbeanspruchung quer zum Bauteilrand, aber auch unter zentrischer Zugbeanspruchung. Für beide Belastungsrichtungen wurden Versuche mit Ankerplatten in Stahlbetonbauteilen mit einer Standardbügelbewehrung in gerissenem und ungerissenem Beton durchgeführt.Außerdem erfolgten zahlreiche numerische Simulationen mit dem FE‐Programm MASA. Die FE‐Modelle wurden an den Versuchsergebnissen verifiziert, so dass umfangreiche Parameterstudien durchgeführt werden konnten. Dadurch konnten weitere Effekte untersucht werden, die das Anwendungsfeld der Ankerplatten erweitern und die Entwicklung eines sicheren Bemessungsmodells unterstützen.Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse aus Versuchen und FE‐Simulationen wurde für Ankerplatten mit Kopfbolzen in stabförmigen Stahlbetonbauteilen ein Komponentenmodell zur Berechnung der Traglast dieser Ankerplatten unter Schub sowie zentrischem Zug entwickelt, das die im Bauteil vorhandene Bewehrung berücksichtigt und das Tragverhalten der Ankerplatte realistisch wiedergibt.Improvement of the load carrying capacity of anchor plates with welded headed studs in narrow reinforced concrete members. This contribution deals with the structural behavior of stiff anchor plates with welded headed studs in narrow reinforced concrete members under shear loading perpendicular to the edge as well as pure tension loading. For both directions of loading tests were carried out with anchor plates in concrete structures with a standard stirrup reinforcement in cracked and non‐cracked concrete.Furthermore numerous numerical simulations using the finite element program MASA have been done. The FE models were verified by the experimental results and extensive parameter studies were carried out. Further effects were examined which extend the application field of the anchor plates and support the development of a reliable design model.Based on these experimental and numerical results a component model for the calculation of the load capacity of anchor plates with headed studs in narrow reinforced concrete structures under shear loads and tension loads has been developed. The model takes into account the reinforcement in the concrete member and predicts the resistance of the anchor plate in a realistic way.
Systemparkhaus in Beton‐Stahlverbund‐Bauweise
Authors: Dammeyer Klaus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn einer Bauzeit von nur elf Monaten entstand auf dem Firmengelände der Liebherr‐Werk Biberach GmbH das größte Parkhaus der Stadt Biberach. Die filigrane Konstruktion aus Beton‐ und Stahlverbund‐Elementen, für deren schlüsselfertige Erstellung die Firmengruppe Max Bögl im Mai 2013 den Auftrag erhielt, bietet auf neun Etagen mit einer Gesamthöhe von 32 m Platz für knapp 1 000 Pkws.Der 12,5‐Mio €‐Neubau am baden‐württembergischen Standort Biberach ist erforderlich, weil Liebherr in den nächsten Jahren trotz fehlender Erweiterungsflächen weiterhin in den Ausbau der Produktionskapazitäten investieren will. Seit August 2014 steht deshalb den Mitarbeitern ein eigenes, 60 m x 52 m großes Parkhaus mit rund 33 000 m2 Gesamtnutzfläche zur Verfügung, sodass der bisherige Parkplatz für zukünftige Ausbaumaßnahmen des Kranspezialisten genutzt werden kann.
Animal communication
Authors: Kaplan Gisela 
Published: October 2014

Animal communication is first and foremost about signal transmission and aims to understand how communication occurs. It is a field that has contributed to and been inspired by other fields, from information technology to neuroscience, in finding ever better methods to eavesdrop on the actual ‘message’ that forms the basis of communication. Much of this review deals with vocal communication as an example of the questions that research on communication has tried to answer and it provides an historical overview of the theoretical arguments proposed. Topics covered include signal transmission in different environments and different species, referential signaling, and intentionality. The contention is that animal communication may reveal significant thought processes that enable some individuals in a small number of species so far investigated to anticipate what conspecifics might do, although some researchers think of such behavior as adaptive or worth dismissing as anthropomorphizing. The review further points out that some species are more likely than others to develop more complex communication patterns. It is a matter of asking how animals categorize their world and which concepts require cognitive processes and which are adaptive. The review concludes with questions of life history, social learning, and decision making, all criteria that have remained relatively unexplored in communication research. Long‐lived, cooperative social animals have so far offered especially exciting prospects for investigation. There are ample opportunities and now very advanced technologies as well to tap further into expressions of memory of signals, be they vocal or expressed in other modalities.WIREs Cogn Sci2014, 5:661–677. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1321This article is categorized under:Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of CognitionNeuroscience > BehaviorNeuroscience > Cognition
Treatment and Prevention of Rh Isoimmunization
Authors: Agarwal Krishna , Rana Anubhuti , Ravi Anoosha K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRhesus (Rh) isoimmunization is an important clinical entity in India and other developing countries, which is responsible for fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis, and if not treated, it can result in intrauterine fetal demise. Rh isoimmunization is responsible for severe jaundice in neonates, which can be severe enough to cause kernicterus with debilitating consequences, if not treated adequately. It can be prevented with simple measures and treated if recognized in time.
Turbulence statistics in Couette flow at high Reynolds number
Authors: Pirozzoli Sergio , Bernardini Matteo , Orlandi Paolo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigate the behaviour of the canonical turbulent Couette flow at computationally high Reynolds number through a series of large-scale direct numerical simulations. We achieve a Reynolds number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Re}_{\tau } = h/\delta _v \approx 1000$, where $h$ is the channel half-height and $\delta _v$ is the viscous length scale at which some phenomena representative of the asymptotic Reynolds-number regime manifest themselves. While a logarithmic mean velocity profile is found to provide a reasonable fit of the data, including the skin friction, closer scrutiny shows that deviations from the log law are systematic, and probably increasing at higher Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds stress distribution shows the formation of a secondary outer peak in the streamwise velocity variance, which is associated with significant excess of turbulent production as compared to the local dissipation. This excess is related to the formation of large-scale streaks and rollers, which are responsible for a substantial fraction of the turbulent shear stress in the channel core, and for significant increase of the turbulence intermittency in the near-wall region.
ON REGULAR SUBGROUPS OF THE AFFINE GROUP
Authors: CATINO FRANCESCO , COLAZZO ILARIA , STEFANELLI PAOLA 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCatino and Rizzo [‘Regular subgroups of the affine group and radical circle algebras’,Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.79(2009), 103–107] established a link between regular subgroups of the affine group and the radical brace over a field on the underlying vector space. We propose new constructions of radical braces that allow us to obtain systematic constructions of regular subgroups of the affine group. In particular, this approach allows to put in a more general context the regular subgroups constructed in Tamburini Bellani [‘Some remarks on regular subgroups of the affine group’Int. J. Group Theory,1(2012), 17–23].
Lemierre's syndrome – an unusual complication of otitis externa in a young, healthy female
Authors: Davidoss N , Ha J F , Anderson J R , Rodrigues S 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground:Lemierre's syndrome, which affects previously healthy, young adults, is a rare complication secondary to infections in the head and neck that result in septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.Method:This paper reports a case of a young, healthy female with malignant otitis externa, which resulted in the development of Lemierre's syndrome. A review of the relevant literature was also carried out. This involved a search of the Medline database using multiple search terms including ‘Lemierre’, ‘septic thrombophlebitis’, ‘otitis externa’, ‘internal jugular vein thrombosis’ and ‘management’.Results:The patient presented with fever, left-sided otalgia, otorrhoea, neck swelling and pain. She was subsequently diagnosed with Lemierre's syndrome and managed accordingly.Conclusion:Lemierre's syndrome is a potentially fatal complication associated with significant morbidity. A high index of suspicion is required for prompt recognition and the early institution of treatment.
Disorder-dissociated effects of fluoxetine on brain function of working memory in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chantiluke K. , Barrett N. , Giampietro V. , Brammer M. , Simmons A. , Rubia K. 
Published: October 2014

Background.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often co-morbid and share performance and brain dysfunctions during working memory (WM). Serotonin agonists modulate WM and there is evidence of positive behavioural effects in both disorders. We therefore used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate shared and disorder-specific brain dysfunctions of WM in these disorders, and the effects of a single dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine.Method.Age-matched boys with ADHD (n = 17), ASD (n = 17) and controls (n = 22) were compared using fMRI during an N-back WM task. Patients were scanned twice, under either an acute dose of fluoxetine or placebo in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized design. Repeated-measures analyses within patients assessed drug effects on performance and brain function. To test for normalization effects of brain dysfunctions, patients under each drug condition were compared to controls.Results.Under placebo, relative to controls, both ADHD and ASD boys shared underactivation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Fluoxetine significantly normalized the DLPFC underactivation in ASD relative to controls whereas it increased posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) deactivation in ADHD relative to control boys. Within-patient analyses showed inverse effects of fluoxetine on PCC deactivation, which it enhanced in ADHD and decreased in ASD.Conclusions.The findings show that fluoxetine modulates brain activation during WM in a disorder-specific manner by normalizing task-positive DLPFC dysfunction in ASD boys and enhancing task-negative default mode network (DMN) deactivation in ADHD.
XII.—Solution of the Equationzez=a
Authors: Wright E. M. 
Published: October 2014

SynopsisThe roots of the equationzez=aare of importance in several theories. Various authors have studied certain of their properties over more than a century. Here we solve the equation, in the sense that we define the sequence {Zn} of roots and, except for a small, finite number of values ofn, find a rapidly convergent series forZn. The terms in this series are alternately real and purely imaginary and so the series is very convenient for calculation. For the few remaining roots, we give practicable methods of numerical calculation and supply an auxiliary table.The main results of this article have been announced without proof or details in Wright 1959.
The social legitimacy of international organisations: Interest representation, institutional performance, and confidence extrapolation in the United Nations
Authors: DELLMUTH LISA MARIA , TALLBERG JONAS 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSocial legitimacy is central to the effectiveness of international organisations (IOs). Yet, so far, we have little systematic knowledge about what drives citizens to support or oppose IOs. In this article, we isolate and assess three alternative explanations of social legitimacy in global governance, privileging interest representation, institutional performance, and confidence extrapolation. We test these theories in a multilevel analysis of citizen confidence in the United Nations (UN) using World Values Survey and European Values Study data, supplemented by contextual measures. The results grant support to the arguments that institutional performance and confidence extrapolation shape popular confidence in the UN, while offering little support for the explanation of interest representation. These findings challenge the predominant understanding that more democratic procedures lead to greater social legitimacy for IOs. Instead, the UN case suggests that the social legitimacy of IOs is based primarily on the organisations' capacity to deliver, as well as on citizens' general confidence in political institutions, which IOs may have little to do with and can do little to change.
Population status and nest success of the Critically Endangered Mariana CrowCorvus kubaryion Rota, Northern Mariana Islands
Authors: ZARONES LAINIE , SUSSMAN ADRIENNE , MORTON JOHN M. , PLENTOVICH SHELDON , FAEGRE SARAH , AGUON CELESTINO , AMAR ARJUN , HA RENEE ROBINETTE 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe Mariana CrowCorvus kubaryiis a Critically Endangered species found only on the island of Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. It was extirpated from the neighbouring island of Guam by the introduced brown tree snakeBoiga irregularisand the Rota population has been in decline since at least 1995. We identified only 60 pairs present on Rota in 2007 compared with an estimated 117 pairs in 1998, a decline of nearly 50% in nine years. The decline may be linked to proximity to human activities, though more data are needed. We monitored 204 crow nests between the 1996 and 2009 breeding seasons. Crows initiate clutches between August and April. The overall estimate of nest success was 25.7% (n= 204). On average 49% of pairs produced at least one fledgling per season. The mean number of fledglings per pair per year is 0.66. Mean clutch size was 2.6 (n= 82), mean number of nestlings was 1.4 (n= 106), and mean number of fledglings per nest was 1.3 (n= 68). Daily survival rates declined in later years, and increased during the nest cycle. The number of pairs with successful nests did not change during the study period, nor did the number of fledglings per pair. Predation appeared to be the primary cause of nest failure. The breeding season lasted around nine months and pairs re-nested after failure. Predation of adults and juveniles by cats, combined with possible inbreeding depression, habitat disturbance and human persecution appear to be the cause of decline of the Mariana Crow. We strongly recommend a programme of invasive predator control, habitat maintenance, and captive rearing to ensure the species’ survival.
Chiasmatic and achiasmatic inverted meiosis of plants with holocentric chromosomes
Authors: Cabral Gabriela , Marques André , Schubert Veit , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea , Schlögelhofer Peter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMeiosis is a specialized cell division in sexually reproducing organisms before gamete formation. Following DNA replication, the canonical sequence in species with monocentric chromosomes is characterized by reductional segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first and equational segregation of sister chromatids during the second meiotic division. Species with holocentric chromosomes employ specific adaptations to ensure regular disjunction during meiosis. Here we present the analysis of two closely related plant species with holocentric chromosomes that display an inversion of the canonical meiotic sequence, with the equational division preceding the reductional. In-depth analysis of the meiotic divisions of Rhynchospora pubera and R. tenuis reveals that during meiosis I sister chromatids are bi-oriented, display amphitelic attachment to the spindle and are subsequently separated. During prophase II, chromatids are connected by thin chromatin threads that appear instrumental for the regular disjunction of homologous non-sister chromatids in meiosis II.
Extremely stretchable thermosensitive hydrogels by introducing slide-ring polyrotaxane cross-linkers and ionic groups into the polymer network
Authors: Bin Imran Abu , Esaki Kenta , Gotoh Hiroaki , Seki Takahiro , Ito Kohzo , Sakai Yasuhiro , Takeoka Yukikazu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStimuli-sensitive hydrogels changing their volumes and shapes in response to various stimulations have potential applications in multiple fields. However, these hydrogels have not yet been commercialized due to some problems that need to be overcome. One of the most significant problems is that conventional stimuli-sensitive hydrogels are usually brittle. Here we prepare extremely stretchable thermosensitive hydrogels with good toughness by using polyrotaxane derivatives composed of α-cyclodextrin and polyethylene glycol as cross-linkers and introducing ionic groups into the polymer network. The ionic groups help the polyrotaxane cross-linkers to become well extended in the polymer network. The resulting hydrogels are surprisingly stretchable and tough because the cross-linked α-cyclodextrin molecules can move along the polyethylene glycol chains. In addition, the polyrotaxane cross-linkers can be used with a variety of vinyl monomers; the mechanical properties of the wide variety of polymer gels can be improved by using these cross-linkers.