bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Fluoro–Silicon(IV) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Kawamoto Keisuke , Akashi Haruo , Yamasaki Mikio , Shibahara Takashi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Three novel fluorescent fluoro–silicon(IV) complexes of the type [SiF3(L)] (HL = Schiff base) were synthesized, and their properties were investigated: one of the complexes [SiF3(L1)] (1; ΦF = 0.96; HL1 = 2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene-8-aminoquinoline) shows an extremely high fluorescence quantum yield, and other complexes [SiF3(L2)] (2; ΦF = 0.11; HL2 = 3,5-dichlorosalicylidene-8-aminoquinoline) and [SiF3(L3)] (3; ΦF = 0.01; HL3 = 3,5-dibromosalicylidene-8-aminoquinoline) show moderate and low quantum yields in DMSO, respectively. The Stokes shift of 1 (2690 cm−1) is significantly smaller than those of other complexes (2, 4970; 3, 4960). A single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of 1 revealed that the three fluoride ions are coordinated meridionally. DFT calculations (B3LYP/Si, Lan2DZ; others, 6-31G**) of the complex 1 show that the main component of the HOMO is the naphthalene moiety whereas that of LUMO is the quinoline moiety.
The Humbug in American Religion: Ritual Theories of Nineteenth-Century Spiritualism
Authors: Walker David 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis essay examines critical modes and dependencies of mid-nineteenth century spiritualism. It looks at the relationship between the ritual dynamics and promotional framings of rappings and séances, and it considers the contested location of those practices within nineteenth-century theories of religion. The argument is threefold: that components of spiritualist practice are better understood alongside certain commercial enterprises; that their examination demands reconsideration of the relative importance of belief, intellection, and criticism in religious ritual; and that, in light of nineteenth-century Americans' own critical thinking on these matters, we understand better the ways in which spiritualism itself became both a location and datum for Americans' definitions of religion. The long-ignored religious theory of P. T. Barnum supports reclamation of the Fox sisters' own ritual practices even as it illustrates the processes by which they were gradually exorcised from American religions, spiritualism, and their historiography. Meanwhile, evidence from court records, newspaper reports, and the professional careers of mediums and their debunkers aids reconstruction of a religious movement that consisted largely, for a time, in the formal recognition of its own skepticism and operational intrigue.
Study of the Synthesis of Mullite From Kaolin-α-Al2O3 and Kaolin-Al(NO3)3
Authors: Lozada E. M. , Alanís O. , Legorreta F. , Hernández L. E. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of mullite from kaolin clay and two precursors of aluminum: α-Al2O3 and Al(NO3)3 was investigated. In order to study the temperature effect, the system kaolin-α-Al2O3 was calcined in air in a range of 1200 to 1500°C, for 2 h. For the system kaolin-Al(NO3)3, the combustion method was employed, using urea as fuel, and calcined in air at 1500°C for 2 h. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy and particle size analysis in order to analyze and compare their morphology and structure. The crystallographic study revealed an incomplete reaction between the kaolin and the α-Al2O3. Nevertheless, in the system kaolin-Al(NO3)3, it was obtained mullite with high purity and trace amounts of cristobalite.
Chemical Precipitation Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline Mg(OH)2
Authors: Medina A. , Béjar L. , Herrera-Pérez G. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTMagnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation synthesis method. The influence of the nano-sized Mg(OH)2 on the structural modification was evaluated. The formation of Mg(OH)2 crystals were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The particle size and morphology of Mg(OH)2was confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The crystalline structure of nanoparticles was characterized by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD), like analytical tools.
Effect of the Aging Treatment in Micro-Alloyed Steel
Authors: Ruiz M. A. Doñu , Herrara J. A. Ortega , Perrusquia N. López , Suárez V. J. Cortés , Cruz L. D. Rosado 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis work study the effect on aging thermal treatment on micro-alloyed steels API X70 pipe, microstructure and mechanical properties such a yield strength(Y),hardness(Hv)and Young´s modulus(E)are presented in this work. Thermal treatment consists of two phases: i) The solution treatment introducing samples in a electric induction furnace at 1100 °C for 30 min under argon atmosphere and water quenching, ii) aging process for five temperature in the range between 204 to 650 °C for 30 min of time exposition and water quenching, respectively. The microstructural characterization was examined by optical microscopy and matrix samples aging showed microstructures like acicular ferritic, polygonal ferritic and bainitic-ferritic, and the secondary phases were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) obtained by SEM evidencing the presence of precipitates composed of vanadium(V),niobium(Nb)and titanium(Ti).The mechanical properties were evaluated by depth sensitive indentation test at the samples aging, the results showed increase of the(Hv)and(E)to the conditions of low temperature aging.
Characterization on Fracture Surfaces of 304 Stainless Steels Joined by Brazing Using Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: Santiago-Bautista L. , Hernández-García H. M. , Muñoz-Arroyo R. , Garza-Castañón M. , García-Vázquez F. , Acevedo-Dávila J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTSilicon nanoparticles of 100 nm obtained by high-energy ball milling were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Results show dark areas due to a staking of defects. On the other hand, brighter areas exhibit a combination of small crystalline and amorphous zones. To fulfill and cover the micro-cracking and micro-pores generated during the welding process of 304 stainless steels joined by brazing, these nanoparticles were deposited directly in the fracture. The amorphous silicon drove the Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) at 1000°C for 20 min. This amorphous silicon decreases the energies of reaction between the substrate and melting filler. TLP increases the wettability and capillary forces between micro-cracking and micro-pores; due to that, the eutectic phase contained by the melting filler forms a liquid. Moreover, the weld beads were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze the effect of silicon nanoparticles on the weld beads. These results showed that the interaction of the Si nanoparticles with metallic filler in the melting zone decreases the size and change the morphology of the present phases as well as the zone of isothermic growth.
Epitaxial Growth of (Na,K)NbO3 Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Sakurai K. , Hanawa T. , Kikuchi N. , Nishio K. , Tonooka K. , Wang R. , Bando H. , Takashima H. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT(Na,K)NbO3 is a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric materials. (Na1-xKx)NbO3 films (x = 0.3–0.7) were epitaxially grown on a (100)SrTiO3 substrate via pulsed laser deposition. The effects of substrate temperature and oxygen pressure during deposition on the crystallinity of the films were examined: both parameters affected the mosaic spread of the crystallites and the formation of an impurity phase. In this study, the optimum conditions for the preparation of highly crystalline films were a substrate temperature of 800 °C and oxygen pressure of ∼60 Pa. The lattice constants parallel and perpendicular to the substrate surface responded differently to changes in x: the constant parallel to the surface increased with increasing x, while the constant perpendicular to the surface was maximized at x = 0.5. The difference in the dependence of the lattice constants could be explained by the elastic distortion of the lattice.
Improvement of antisense oligonucleotides delivery using high hydrostatic pressurized lipoplex
Authors: Kimura Tsuyoshi , Sano Asami , Nam Kwangwoo , Akiyoshi Kazunari , Sasaki Yoshihiro , Kishida Akio 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTCationic liposome (CL) is a promising vector for nucleic acid therapy. In the present study, we investigated the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment to lipoplex on the lipoplex-based antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) delivery in order to improve the transfection efficacy of lipoplex. Cationic liposome consisting of DOTMA and DOPE was used. AS-ODNs were designed to inhibit the expression of firefly luciferase. The complexes of CL and AS-ODN were prepared at various C/A ratios and then pressurized hydrostatically at various atmospheres (∼10,000 atm) for 10 min (HHP treatment). After removal of pressure, the pressurized lipoplexes were used. The lipoplex with and without the HHP treatment was transferred into HeLa cells expressing firefly luciferase transiently. The luciferase activity using the HHP-treated lipoplex was decreased compared to that of the non-pressurized lipoplex. Also, for HEK293 cells expressing luciferase stably, the lipoplex with the HHP treatment could effectively suppress the luciferase expression. In order to elucidate relationship between the structure and the transfection efficiency of the HHP-treated lipoplex, the properties of the HHPtreated lipoplex were examined by various physicochemical analyses. The different physicochemical properties between the lipoplexes with and without HHP treatment were showed, suggesting that the nature of lipoplex was changed by the HHP treatment. We believe that this change of lipoplex properties by the HHP treatment affected the efficiency of gene suppression. This HHP treatment for lipoplex appears to be a promising contribution to gene and oligonucleotide delivery.
Fixed Bed Adsorption of 2‐Naphthalenesulfonic Acid from Aqueous Solution by Composite Resin
Authors: Jia Dong M. , Li Ya P. , Li Yue J. , Li Yong G. , Li Chang H. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT: Adsorption behavior of the iron impregnated, weakly basic resin D301 (Fe‐D301) for removal of 2‐naphthalenesulfonic acid (2‐NSA) from aqueous solution was studied by using a fixed‐bed column. The effects of process variables such as bed height, flow rate, and coexisting ions were investigated. The results indicated that the breakpoint and exhaustion point increased with increasing bed height and decreased with increasing 2‐NSA flowrate. Experimental data showed a strong fit to the Bed Depth Service Time model. The coexisting ions in the 2‐NSA solution had a clear effect on the breakthrough volume. The high extent of recovery of 2‐NSA with good reproducibility provided an effective method for the separation of 2‐NSA by the adsorbent Fe‐D301.
Hydraulic and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of a Riverbank Filtration Site in Rural India
Authors: Boving T. B. , Choudri B. S. , Cady P. , Cording A. , Patil K. , Reddy Veerabaswant 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT: A riverbank filtration (RBF) system was tested along the Kali River in rural part of the state of Karnataka in India. The polluted river and water from open wells served the local population as their principal irrigation water resource and some used it for drinking. Four RBF wells (up to 25 m deep) were installed. The mean hydraulic conductivity of the well field is 6.3 × 10−3 cm/s and, based on Darcy's law, the water travel time from the river to the principal RBF well (MW3) is 45.2 days. A mixing model based on dissolved silica concentrations indicated that, depending on the distance from the river and closeness to irrigated rice fields, approximately 27 to 73% of the well water originated from groundwater. Stable isotopic data indicates that a fraction of the water was drawn in from the nearby rice fields that were irrigated with river water. Relative to preexisting drinking water sources (Kali River and an open well), RBF well water showed lower concentration of dissolved metals (60.1% zinc, 27.8% cadmium, 83.9% lead, 75.5% copper, 100% chromium). This study demonstrates that RBF technology can produce high‐quality water from low‐quality surface water sources in a rural, tropical setting typical for many emerging economies. Further, in parts of the world where flood irrigation is common, RBF well water may draw in infiltrated irrigation water, which possibly alters its geochemical composition. A combination of more than one mixing model, silica together with stable isotopes, was shown to be useful explaining the origin of the RBF water at this study site.
Diagnosing Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis in Patients Without Signs of Soft Tissue Infection by Coupling Hybrid 67Ga SPECT/CT With Bedside Percutaneous Bone Puncture
Authors: Aslangul Elisabeth , M’Bemba Jocelyne , Caillat-Vigneron Nadine , Coignard Sophie , Larger Etienne , Boitard Christian , Lipsky Benjamin A. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVESuccessful treatment of osteomyelitis is more likely with accurate diagnosis and identification of the causative pathogens. This typically requires obtaining a specimen of bone, usually by image-guided biopsy. We sought to develop a simpler bedside method for definitively diagnosing osteomyelitis.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSOver 2 years, we enrolled consecutive patients presenting to our diabetic foot clinic with a foot ulcer and clinically suspected osteomyelitis but without soft tissue infection. Each underwent hybrid 67Ga single-photon emission computed tomography and X-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging; those with a positive scan underwent bedside percutaneous bone puncture. Patients with a positive bone culture received culture-guided antibiotic therapy. Patients with negative 67Ga SPECT/CT imaging or with positive imaging but negative bone culture were not treated with antibiotics. All patients were followed up for ≥1 year.RESULTSAmong 55 patients who underwent 67Ga SPECT/CT imaging, 13 had negative results and all of their foot ulcers resolved without antibiotic therapy. Among 42 with positive imaging, 2 were excluded (for recent antibiotic therapy) and 40 had bone punctures (3 punctured twice): 19 had negative results, 3 of which were likely false negatives, and 24 had positive results (all gram-positive cocci). At follow-up, 3 patients had died, 3 had undergone amputation, and 47 had no evidence of foot infection. The sensitivity and specificity of this combined method were 88.0 and 93.6%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 91.7 and 90.7%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSCoupling of 67Ga SPECT/CT imaging and bedside percutaneous bone puncture appears to be accurate and safe for diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis in patients without signs of soft tissue infection, obviating the need for antibiotic treatment in 55% of suspected cases.
Outcome of ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation for treatment of congenital internal hydrocephalus in dogs and cats: 36 cases (2001–2009)
Authors: Biel Miriam , Kramer Martin , Forterre Franck , Jurina Konrad , Lautersack Oliver , Failing Klaus , Schmidt Martin J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Objective—To examine outcome data for cats and dogs with congenital internal hydrocephalus following treatment via ventriculoperitoneal shunting to determine treatment-associated changes in neurologic signs, the nature and incidence of postoperative complications, and survival time.
Design—Retrospective multicenter case series.
Animals—30 dogs and 6 cats with congenital internal hydrocephalus (confirmed via CT or MRI).
Procedures—Medical records for dogs and cats with internal hydrocephalus that underwent unilateral ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation from 2001 through 2009 were evaluated. Data collected included the nature and incidence of postoperative complications, change in clinical signs following surgery, and survival time. To compare pre- and postoperative signs, 2-way frequency tables were analyzed with a 1-sided exact McNemar test.
Results—8 of 36 (22%) animals developed postoperative complications, including shunt malfunction, shunt infection, and seizure events. Three dogs underwent shunt revision surgery. Thirteen (36%) animals died as a result of hydrocephalus-related complications or were euthanized. Following shunt implantation, clinical signs resolved in 7 dogs and 2 cats; overall, 26 (72%) animals had an improvement of clinical signs. After 18 months, 20 animals were alive, and the longest follow-up period was 9.5 years. Most deaths and complications occurred in the first 3 months after shunt placement.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation is a viable option for treatment of dogs or cats with congenital hydrocephalus. Because complications are most likely to develop in the first 3 months after surgery, repeated neurologic and imaging evaluations are warranted during this period.
Uterine bacterial isolates from mares and their resistance to antimicrobials: 8,296 cases (2003–2008)
Authors: Davis Heather A. , Stanton Mary Beth , Thungrat Kamoltip , Boothe Dawn M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Objective—To describe bacteria isolated from reproductive tracts of mares and to examine the extent and patterns of resistance to antimicrobials commonly used for treatment of endometritis.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Sample—8,296 uterine swab, lavage, or biopsy samples obtained between January 2003 and December 2008 from 7,665 horses in central Florida.
Procedures—Results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were obtained for uterine swab, lavage, and biopsy samples collected from mares undergoing a routine breeding examination or examined because of a reproductive disorder. Bacterial organisms were identified by means of standard techniques, and proportions of samples resistant to various antimicrobials were determined.
Results—At least 95% of samples (n = 1,451) were collected with uterine swabs. Potentially pathogenic organisms were cultured from 2,576 (31%) samples, with Escherichia coli (n = 729 [29%]) and β-hemolytic Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus (733 [28%]) being most common. Resistance to antimicrobials changed over time for E coli, S equi subsp zooepidemicus, and Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Overall, E coli was most resistant to trimethoprim-sulfonamide and ampicillin and least to amikacin and enrofloxacin. For S equi subsp zooepidemicus, resistance was greatest to oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin and least to ceftiofur and ticarcillin with or without clavulanic acid. Inflammatory response was greater for S equi subsp zooepidemicus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—E coli and S equi subsp zooepidemicus were the most common pathogens recovered from uterine samples, with S equi subsp zooepidemicus more commonly associated with inflammation. Antimicrobials most commonly used empirically to treat endometritis are appropriate on the basis of these data. However, as antimicrobial resistance changes over time, susceptibility assays should aid antimicrobial selection.
Fragmentation of the proximal tubercle of the talus in horses: 9 cases (2004–2010)
Authors: Espinosa Pablo , Lacourt Mathieu , Alexander Kate , David Florent , Laverty Sheila 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Objective—To identify the prevalence of fragmentation of the proximal tubercle of the talus (FPTT) in a hospital population of horses, characterize the anatomic features of the affected area and fragments, and describe clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for horses with FPTT.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—9 horses with FPTT.
Procedures—2,543 radiographic views of the tarsal region of 1,526 horses that were evaluated between June 2004 and December 2010 were reviewed. Medical case records for horses with detectable FPTT were retrieved, and signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcome were recorded for assessment.
Results—9 horses (median age, 5 years; age range, 1 to 12 years) with FPTT were identified. Seven horses were warmbloods. Diagnosis was made on the basis of radiographic findings, occasionally along with results of ultrasonography and CT. The only horse that was lame in the affected limb had a history of a prior traumatic event and resultant lateral tibial malleolus fracture. One horse underwent arthroscopy, but fragments were not found and were presumed to be extra-articular. Outcome was available for 7 horses; mean ± SD duration of stable radiographic and clinical examination findings was 3 ± 1 years (range, 1 to 4 years).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—FPTT appeared to occur more frequently in warmbloods and was not usually associated with lameness. Affected horses remained clinically and radiographically stable over time. These data have provided some information regarding the importance of FPTT for practitioners who perform radiographic screenings during prepurchase examinations.
Some Polymorphisms in Epstein-Barr Virus–induced Gene 3 Modify the Risk for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Chengshuo , Zhao Yanming , Zhang Luo 
Published: March 2013

Background Forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), a transcription factor required for development and function of regulatory T cell, and Epstein-Barr virus–induced gene 3 (EBI3), a downstream target of FOXP3, may be important in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without sinonasal polyposis (CRSwNP and CRSsNP, respectively). Our objective was therefore to examine the presence of any associations between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in/around the FOXP3 and EBI3 genes and risk for CRS in Chinese subjects. A population-based case–control association analysis was performed. Methods DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from 667 subjects with CRS (360 CRSwNP and 306 CRSsNP) and 330 healthy controls was assessed for SNPs selected and complemented with tagging SNPs. A total of seven SNPs (4 in FOXP3 and 3 in EBI3 genes) were genotyped and genetic association tests were performed. Results In the single-locus analyses of CRS risk, the allele frequencies of rs428253 (p = 0.0191) in EBI3 gene and rs2232365 (p = 0.0307) and rs3761548 (p = 0.0221) in FOXP3 gene were significantly different between the CRS cases and the controls. Furthermore, genotype association analysis showed a significant protective effect only between EBI3_rs428253 (CG/CC; p = 0.029) and CRS after adjustment. Similarly, stratified analysis of CRS risk on category showed rs428253 of the EBI3 gene to play a protective role among both CRSwNP (CG/CC; p = 0.002) and CRSsNP (GG/CC; p = 0.023) subjects. Haplotype analysis of the FOXP3 gene region further indicated that CRS risk was higher in individuals carrying the haplotype GG in rs2294018–rs2232365 block, compared with wild-type AG haplotype, and AG in rs3761548–4824747 block, compared with wild-type CG haplotype. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that SNPs in FOXP3 and EBI3 genes modify the risk for development of CRS.