bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Geovisualization Symbology for Landscape Genetics
Authors: Aoidh Eoin Mac , Martinsohn Jann Th. , Maes Gregory E. , Cariani Alessia , Nielsen Einar E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLandscape genetics, which considers genetic population structure in the context of spatially referenced parameters in the surrounding landscape, has been shown to be extremely useful for wildlife management. Unfortunately its widespread uptake beyond the research community is hampered due to a lack of effective communication of usable information in a suitable format for application by stakeholders such as wildlife regulators or managers. To improve the communication of suitable information, geovisualization of results should be facilitated in a comprehensible format for stakeholders without GIS or genetic expertise. While specialist applications exist, alternative accessible solutions do not provide adequate support for the visualization of multi‐attribute spatially referenced genetic population structure information. As a solution, we document our exploration for an appropriate symbology to communicate landscape genetic information through an accessible, web‐based interface. A full problem description, review of available technologies, development rationale, and discussion of the symbology exploration are provided.
Comparison of Different Strategies for Determining Raster‐Based Least‐Cost Paths with a Minimum Amount of Distortion
Authors: Antikainen Harri 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe conventional raster‐based least‐cost path technique, in which the connectivity graph is constructed by treating each raster cell as a node and linking each node to its adjacent neighbors, has been widely used to determine optimum paths in space. Unfortunately, paths calculated with this method are subject to distortions that stem from the imposed node‐link structure. Due to the distortions, the calculated paths may be longer than the true optimum paths in continuous space, and because of this, they may also look highly unrealistic when displayed on a map. This study examines how the quality of the raster‐based paths can be improved by using larger connectivity patterns on the one hand, and placing nodes on the sides of the cells of a raster instead of at their centers, on the other. In addition, the utility of the quadtree structure is examined. The different methods are evaluated against three different datasets using the cost distance of the calculated paths and processing times as evaluation criteria. The results indicate that raster‐based paths can be improved by using the evaluated techniques, although the degree of improvement is also dependent on the properties of the underlying cost raster.
#Earthquake: Twitter as a Distributed Sensor System
Authors: Crooks Andrew , Croitoru Arie , Stefanidis Anthony , Radzikowski Jacek 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSocial media feeds are rapidly emerging as a novel avenue for the contribution and dissemination of information that is often geographic. Their content often includes references to events occurring at, or affecting specific locations. Within this article we analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the twitter feed activity responding to a 5.8 magnitude earthquake which occurred on the East Coast of the United States (US) on August 23, 2011. We argue that these feeds represent a hybrid form of a sensor system that allows for the identification and localization of the impact area of the event. By contrasting this with comparable content collected through the dedicated crowdsourcing ‘Did You Feel It?’ (DYFI) website of the U.S. Geological Survey we assess the potential of the use of harvested social media content for event monitoring. The experiments support the notion that people act as sensors to give us comparable results in a timely manner, and can complement other sources of data to enhance our situational awareness and improve our understanding and response to such events.
Exome sequencing: an efficient diagnostic tool for complex neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Hammer M. B. , Eleuch‐Fayache G. , Gibbs J. R. , Arepalli S. K. , Chong S. B. , Sassi C. , Bouhlal Y. , Hentati F. , Amouri R. , Singleton A. B. 
Published: October 2012

Background and purposeAutosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA) comprises a large and heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. We studied three families diagnosed with ARCA.MethodsTo determine the gene lesions responsible for their disorders, we performed high‐density single‐nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and exome sequencing.ResultsWe identified a new mutation in the SACS gene and a known mutation in SPG11. Notably, we also identified a homozygous variant in APOB, a gene previously associated with ataxia.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that exome sequencing is an efficient and direct diagnostic tool for identifying the causes of complex and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases, early‐stage disease or cases with limited clinical data.
An R2R3 MYB transcription factor in wheat, TaPIMP1, mediates host resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana and drought stresses through regulation of defense‐ and stress‐related genes
Authors: Zhang Zengyan , Liu Xin , Wang Xindong , Zhou Miaoping , Zhou Xianyao , Ye Xingguo , Wei Xuening 
Published: October 2012

Summary

In this study, we report new insights into the function of a wheat (Triticum aestivum) MYB gene TaPIMP1 through overexpression and underexpression, and its underlying mechanism in wheat.

Electrophoretic mobility shift and yeast‐one‐hybrid assays indicated that TaPIMP1 can bind to five MYB‐binding sites including ACI, and activate the expression of the genes with the cis‐element, confirming that TaPIMP1 is an MYB transcription activator.

TaPIMP1‐overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana and drought stresses, whereas TaPIMP1‐underexpressing transgenic wheat showed more susceptibility to the stresses compared with untransformed wheat, revealing that TaPIMP1 positively modulates host‐defense responses to B. sorokiniana and drought stresses. Microarray analysis showed that a subset of defense‐ and stress‐related genes were up‐regulated by TaPIMP1. These genes, including TaPIMP1, RD22, TLP4 and PR1a, were regulated by ABA and salicylic acid (SA). TaPIMP1‐underexpressing transgenic wheat showed compromised induction of these stress‐responsive genes following ABA and SA treatments.

In summary, TaPIMP1, as a positive molecular linker, mediates resistance to B. sorokiniana and drought stresses by regulation of stress‐related genes in ABA‐ and SA‐signaling pathways in wheat. Furthermore, TaPIMP1 may provide a transgenic tool for engineering multiple‐resistance wheat in breeding programs.
Molecular aspects of the antagonistic interaction of smoke‐derived butenolides on the germination process of Grand Rapids lettuce (Lactuca sativa) achenes
Authors: Soós Vilmos , Sebestyén Endre , Posta Martin , Kohout Ladislav , Light Marnie E. , Van Staden Johannes , Balázs Ervin 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Smoke‐derived compounds provide a strong chemical signal to seeds in the soil seed bank, allowing them to take advantage of the germination niche created by the occurrence of fire. The germination stimulatory activity of smoke can largely be attributed to karrikinolide (KAR1), while a related compound, trimethylbutenolide (TMB), has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on germination. The aim of this study was to characterize the interaction of these potent fire‐generated compounds.

Dose–response analysis, leaching tests and a detailed transcriptome study were performed using highly KAR1‐sensitive lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv ‘Grand Rapids’) achenes.

Dose–response analysis demonstrated that the compounds are not competitors and TMB modulates germination in a concentration‐dependent manner. The transcriptome analysis revealed a contrasting expression pattern induced by the compounds. KAR1 suppressed, while TMB up‐regulated ABA, seed maturation and dormancy‐related transcripts. The effect of TMB was reversed by leaching the compound, while the KAR1 effect was only reversible by leaching within the first 2 h of KAR1 treatment.

Our findings suggest that the compounds may act in concert for germination‐related signaling. After the occurrence of fire, sufficient rainfall would contribute to post‐germination seedling recruitment by reducing the concentration of the inhibitory compound.
Taiwanese long‐term care facility residents' experiences of caring: a qualitative study
Authors: Hwang Huei‐Lih , Hsieh Pei‐Fang , Wang Hsiu‐Hung 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUntil now, caring research has focused on constructs, processes and outcomes of caring traits exhibited mainly by nurses or nursing students in hospitals. Few studies have considered the perspectives of elderly residents of long‐term care facilities (LTCFs).AimsThe aim of this study was to elucidate the nature of caring by describing the experience of elderly residents of Taiwan LTCFs.MethodsData collected by semi‐structured interviews with 12 elderly residents of LTCFs were analysed by content analysis.ResultsThe caring perceived by the sample was thematically categorized as calming the body, respectful communication and enriching life.ConclusionThe findings of this study confirm the need for managers of LTCFs to address the physical and psychosocial needs of their residents. The findings can be used to develop education programmes and clinical protocols for nurses in the caring field and to develop instruments for measuring perceived caring in LTCFs.
Do Hemodialysis Adequacy Data Reflect Reality?
Authors: Ulusoy Sukru , Güngör Erdal , Gül Semih , Ozkan Gulsum , Karahan S. Caner , Sit Dede , Akdag İbrahim , Topal Cevat , Yavuz Adnan , Kaynar Kübra , Bıçak Ömer , Bayraktutan İsmail , Hisoğlu Seyit 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) adequacy requires monitoring in line with standards and at appropriate intervals. However, the use of inappropriate or incorrectly applied techniques in the determination of HD adequacy can lead to highly unfortunate results. This study was intended to identify the path to a solution by determining how far HD adequacy in HD centers in our region reflects reality. Three hundred and thirty HD patients from eight centers were included. On the first visit, predialysis and postdialysis blood collection with the centers' own methods being used were observed and errors were recorded. Kt/V1 was calculated from pre‐ and postdialysis blood specimens taken by the units themselves. On the second visit, one session later, pre‐ and postdialysis blood samples were collected in line with guidelines by ourselves, the authors, and Kt/V2 was calculated from these samples. The eight units' total Kt/V2 value was significantly lower compared with Kt/V1 (<0.0001). The level of patients in all centers with Kt/V1 <1.2 was 13.5%, and that of patients with Kt/V2 <1.2 was 22.1%. No center, apart from one unit, managed to complete the collection of blood specimens as recommended by the guidelines. With one exception, blood collection for HD adequacy was not performed using proper technique in any center. This simple but easily overlooked situation, HD being regarded as adequate though in fact it is not, may lead to patients not being treated effectively and accurately and to a rise in mortality and morbidity in the long term.
Changes in the Mechanical Properties of Chemically Treated Bovine Pericardium After a Short Uniaxial Cyclic Test
Authors: Claramunt Rafael , Álvarez‐Ayuso Lourdes , García‐Páez José María , Ros Antonio , Casado María Concepción 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of calf pericardium, a biomaterial utilized in the manufacture of cardiac bioprostheses, in response to a short tensile cyclic test has been evaluated. The trial involved 120 samples cut longitudinally or transversely, subjected to 10 cycles until a stress of between 1 and 3 MPa was reached. Tests of hardness and tear propagation were performed, and the results were compared with a control series. The energy loss was also computed, and it was approximately 10‐fold greater in the first cycle than the loss in the subsequent nine cycles. Despite this singularity, they correlated very precisely. The effect of the direction in which the tissue is cut on energy loss was not significant nor the difference between hardness prior to and after testing. The results of the tear propagation tests gave no statistical differences prior to and after testing. From the obtained results, it seems that the test carried out does not affect significantly the mechanical properties of calf pericardium.
Results of the European Clinical Trial of Arrow CorAide Left Ventricular Assist System
Authors: Saeed Diyar , Arusoglu Latif , Gazzoli Fabrizio , Hetzer Roland , Morshius Michael , Alloni Alessia , Viganò Mario , Koerfer Reiner , Golding Leonard A. R. , El Banayosy Aly 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and performance of the Arrow CorAide left ventricular assist system (LVAS) (Arrow International, Reading, PA, USA), a continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device, as bridge to transplantation or recovery as well as destination therapy in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure. Twenty‐one patients were implanted with the CorAide LVAS between February 2005 and February 2006 in a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized trial. Seventeen patients (81%) survived to >180 days or to transplantation. The cumulative time on device was 16.58 patient years (range 23–796 days, median 192 days). No intraoperative technical issues were observed at the time of implantation. Of the 21 implants, nine patients died on device, two were converted to other devices, and 10 were transplanted. Three patient deaths were attributed to pump polymer coating delamination. Postmortem device inspection determined delamination of the polymer coating on the pump's internal surface to be the cause of the late hemolysis and sudden fatal pump stops. No embolic or driveline infection event was recorded. The automatic flow control algorithm functioned reliably throughout the trial. Primary performance trial endpoint was achieved with 81% survival to 180 days or transplantation. Delamination of the polymer coating on the internal surface of the pump with resultant hemolysis and pump stops was the sole major device event in this trial. Elimination of the polymer coating and replacement with an amorphous carbon coating has resolved this in preclinical testing, prior to initiation of further clinical testing of this device.
Endoscopic Vision‐Based Tracking of Multiple Surgical Instruments During Robot‐Assisted Surgery
Authors: Ryu Jiwon , Choi Jaesoon , Kim Hee Chan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRobot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery is effective for operations in limited space. Enhancing safety based on automatic tracking of surgical instrument position to prevent inadvertent harmful events such as tissue perforation or instrument collisions could be a meaningful augmentation to current robotic surgical systems. A vision‐based instrument tracking scheme as a core algorithm to implement such functions was developed in this study. An automatic tracking scheme is proposed as a chain of computer vision techniques, including classification of metallic properties using k‐means clustering and instrument movement tracking using similarity measures, Euclidean distance calculations, and a Kalman filter algorithm. The implemented system showed satisfactory performance in tests using actual robot‐assisted surgery videos. Trajectory comparisons of automatically detected data and ground truth data obtained by manually locating the center of mass of each instrument were used to quantitatively validate the system. Instruments and collisions could be well tracked through the proposed methods. The developed collision warning system could provide valuable information to clinicians for safer procedures.
African culturally and linguistically diverse communities’ blood donation intentions in Australia: integrating knowledge into the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Polonsky Michael Jay , Renzaho André M.N. , Ferdous Ahmed Shahriar , McQuilten Zoe 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been extensively used to examine donation intentions in the general community. This research seeks to examine whether TPB applies to one culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) community in Australia and also incorporates blood donation knowledge as an antecedent in the model, given that the TPB assumes people make informed decisions regarding blood donation.Study design and methodsA cross‐section of 425 members of African CALD communities was surveyed face to face using bilingual workers, ensuring inclusion across literacy levels within the CALD community. Constructs used within the survey were drawn from the TPB blood donation literature (i.e., attitudes, social norms, and self‐efficacy). A new measure of blood donation knowledge was included.ResultsStructural equation modeling found that the Basic TPB model did not hold for African CALD communities in Australia. The Basic TPB model was modified and within this Adapted TPB model attitudes were found not to impact intentions directly, but had a mediating effect through self‐efficacy. An Extended TPB model including overall knowledge was then tested and improved the model fit statistics, explaining 59.8% variation in intentions. Overall knowledge was found to indirectly impact intentions, through self‐efficacy, social norms, and attitudes.ConclusionThe TPB applies differently when examining African CALD communities’ blood donation intentions in Australia. Knowledge is an important mediating component of the Extended TPB model rather than directly affecting intentions. Addressing CALD communities’ psychographic characteristics may assist blood services in developing targeted strategies to increase donations within these communities.
The effect of frequent whole blood donation on ferritin, hepcidin, and subclinical atherosclerosis
Authors: Peffer Karlijn , den Heijer Martin , Holewijn Suzanne , de Graaf Jacqueline , Swinkels Dorine W. , Verbeek André L.M. , Atsma Femke 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIron catalyzes the formation of free radicals, which could lead to damaged vascular walls and subsequent atherosclerosis. Blood donation decreases iron stores and can thus decrease cardiovascular risk. Even within blood donors, differences in stored iron are observed. This study investigates whether increasing lifetime number of donations decreases the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis within blood donors.Study design and methodsSubclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated in 269 blood donors by measuring intima–media thickness (IMT), pulse‐wave velocity (PWV), and ankle–brachial index (ABI). Lifetime number of whole blood donations was categorized into sex‐specific donation tertiles.ResultsFerritin and hepcidin were lower in high‐frequency donors compared to low‐frequency donors. Donors in the third sex‐specific donation tertile had on average a 0.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.6 to +3.0%) lower IMT, a 2.1% (95% CI, −3.9 to +8.0%) higher PWV, and a 1.5% (95% CI, −1.4 to +4.5%) higher ABI compared to donors in the first sex‐specific donation tertile.ConclusionWith such small differences and no consistent trend across donation groups, it cannot be concluded that blood donation has a beneficial effect on the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis.
The Constitutional Philosophy of Barack Obama: Democratic Pragmatism and Religious Commitment
Authors: Smith Rogers M. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesThis article examines whether Barack Obama has a Constitutional philosophy and, if so, what those ideas are.MethodsThe article notes contrasting scholarly views on whether Obama's career exhibits consistent ideas and on the content of his ideas. It uses interpretive exposition of Obama's major writings, speeches, and presidential initiatives, based on all of Obama's writings and speeches through 2010, to identify Obama's ideas.ResultsObama generally expresses and acts on views that accord with modern democratic pragmatist philosophic beliefs in deliberative democracy. It has not been fully recognized that Obama interprets the meaning of the U.S. Constitution as embodying these beliefs; that he blends this Constitutional view with egalitarian commitments that he identifies with black church social justice values; and that he sees the American Constitutional system's central goal as building greater public unity without effacing diversity.ConclusionsObama belongs to the modern democratic pragmatist tradition elaborated by American thinkers and political leaders since the Progressive era, but his distinctive Constitutional version of this outlook stresses deliberative democratic processes, black church social justice values, and the contention that the goal of the American Constitutional system is “e pluribus unum,” “out of many, one.”
“A Majority is the Best Repartee”: Barack Obama and Congress, 2009‐2012
Authors: Rudalevige Andrew 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo trace the relationship between Barack Obama and Congress during his first term.MethodsA largely qualitative review of the literature on presidential‐congressional relations and of Obama's interactions with Congress and the lessons he drew from them.ResultsObama's practice, if not his rhetoric, shifted even before 2010 from an effort to transcend partisanship to using it to pass his legislative program. After the debt crisis negotiations of 2011, the president has sought to run against, and around, the legislative branch.ConclusionsPolarized preferences and rigid partisanship made it impossible for Obama to expect large‐scale change to attract consensual support. That does not appear likely to change in the near future, whoever is president after the 2012 election.
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Weiss Stefanie 
Published: October 2012

Book reviewed in this article:The Teacher Unions: How the NEA and AFT Sabotage Reform and Hold Students, Parents, Teachers, and Taxpayers Hostage to Bureaucracy By Myron LiebermanUnited Mind Workers: Unions and Teaching in the Knowledge Society By Charles Taylor Kerchner, Julia E. Koppich & Joseph G. Weeres
Application of frequency conversion of starlight to high-resolution imaging interferometry. On-sky sensitivity test of a single arm of the interferometer
Authors: Ceus D. , Reynaud F. , Woillez J. , Lai O. , Delage L. , Grossard L. , Baudoin R. , Gomes J.-T. , Bouyeron L. , Herrmann H. , Sohler W. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We investigate the sensitivity of frequency conversion of starlight using a non-linear optical sum frequency process. This study is being carried out in the context of future applications of optical interferometry dedicated to high-resolution imaging. We have implemented a complete experimental chain from telescope to detector. The starlight frequency is shifted from the infrared to the visible using an optically non-linear crystal. To fulfil the requirements of interferometry, our experimental setup uses spatially single-mode and polarization maintaining components. Due to the small size of the collecting aperture (8 inches Celestron C8) with a 3 nm spectral bandwidth, on-sky tests were performed on bright stars in the H band. The detection was achieved in a true photon counting operation, using synchronous detection. Betelgeuse (HMag =−3.9), Antares (HMag =−3.6) and Pollux (HMag =−1) were successfully converted and detected in visible light. Despite the low transmission of our experiment, our results prove that the efficiency of frequency conversion offers sufficient sensitivity for future interferometric applications.