bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US insider trading enforcement goes global
Authors: Lehtman Jeffrey , White William 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to discuss the SEC's increased willingness to pursue insider trading enforcement actions related to transactions that take place largely outside the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper describes several recent insider trading enforcement actions with international dimensions and the substantial cross-border cooperation among different countries' securities regulators that is required for cases to be successfully investigated. The paper draws conclusions and recommends steps for firms to take including a review of policies and procedures and how the firm receives and shares information, training programs, tailored protocols for ongoing monitoring and surveillance of trading activity, and contingency plans for possible future responses to insider trading problems and cross-border regulatory investigations.

Findings
– The SEC has in recent years shown an increasing willingness to pursue insider trading enforcement actions with substantial international dimensions.

Practical implications
– Internationally active firms should be aware of the breadth and intensity of the SEC's focus on cross-border insider trading matters and should prepare internal blueprints for how to respond to potential insider trading issues when they arise.

Originality/value
– The paper presents practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
SEC settles administrative proceedings against adviser and top executive over undocumented block trade allocation practices
Authors: Galloway Jackson , Catano James 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the terms of a settled Securities and Exchange Commission administrative proceeding that illustrates the views of the SEC examination and enforcement staff regarding appropriate practices for investment advisers registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”) to follow when engaging in block trades for client accounts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper summarizes the SEC's findings regarding the adviser's block trade allocation practices, resulting violations, and the adviser's remedial efforts, and provides the sanctions agreed to.

Findings
– The SEC's findings related primarily to the adviser's practices regarding the allocation of block trades when participating client accounts had insufficient funds to purchase their allocation.

Practical implications
– This settlement provides an important reminder for registered investment advisers of the focus by SEC examination and enforcement staff on trade allocation practices and related record keeping and compliance program documentation.

Originality/value
– The paper provides a practical explanation by experienced financial services lawyers.
Documenting local history: a case study in digital storytelling
Authors: K. Conrad Suzanna 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate possible purposes of digital storytelling and discuss practical implementation in a community-based digital storytelling project.

Design/methodology/approach
– This case study investigates the function of digital storytelling for archiving local history, specifically by journaling experiences during a digital storytelling grant project at a public library in Southern California.

Findings
– This case study details a specific example of the impact digital storytelling can have on a community, both to foster community building and also to encourage documentation of local history. The main goal of the project was to present and archive filmed stories from local community members; however, the project also led to increased awareness of digital storytelling and the associated technology both within the library and the greater community.

Practical implications
– This article should provide best practice guidelines for administering a community-based digital storytelling project including suggestions for outreach to the larger community, dealing with technical issues, and tackling operational issues.

Originality/value
– Digital storytelling has had a profound impact on the way that society communicates and can be used effectively for purposes of outreach and activism, to educate using technology, or to document micro-histories. This case study provides an assessment of the current uses of digital storytelling and presents a successful implementation of a local history digital storytelling project at a public library.
Understanding persuasive elements in phishing e-mails
Authors: Kim Daejoong , Hyun Kim Jang 
Published: November 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth content analysis of phishing messages and to enhance understanding of them from a persuasive communication perspective.Design/methodology/approach– This study analysed phishing message content in a persuasion mechanism framework including message presentation and content (rational appeal, emotional appeal, reasoning type). It also used semantic network analysis to identify meaning structure.Findings– The results indicate that phishing messages used logical appeals, reasoning from cause, motivational appeals, appealing to safety needs, and emotional appeals to gain compliance. Semantic network analysis showed that two word clusters represent security and privacy.Research limitations/implications– This study applied modern persuasion and deceptive communication theories to interpret phishing e-mails. The findings enhance relevant theories by including phishing e-mail cases.Practical implications– The results of this study can be utilised for developing phishing prevention techniques and phishing detection software.Originality/value– Past phishing detection studies only used a technological approach, whereas the current study provides a more comprehensive content-oriented and persuasion theory-based understanding of phishing messages.
The effects of information provision and interactivity on e-tailer websites
Authors: Huang Minxue , Zhu Huawei , Zhou Xuechun 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the effects of providing more information (e.g. product and price) and enhancing the interactivity of a website on consumers' willingness to pay price premiums.

Design/methodology/approach
– An experiment tests the proposed framework and corresponding hypotheses. The test features eight versions of an experimental website, with varying combinations of online information (e.g. price information, product information, and interactivity).

Findings
– Providing more information, whether about the product or price, leads to increased trust among consumers, which has the capacity to reduce consumer price consciousness and thereby enhance price premiums. E-tailers can earn price premiums by enhancing the interactivity on their websites.

Originality/value
– Previous studies are ambivalent about the impacts of providing information online. This study examines two paths by which information provision influences price premiums: trusting beliefs and price consciousness. The results demonstrate that providing rich information, together with enhanced interactivity, increases the perceived trustworthiness of the e-tailer, which reduces consumers' price consciousness and increases the price premiums.
A study on police stressors, coping strategies, and somatization symptoms among South Korean frontline police officers
Authors: Yun Ilhong , Kim Seung-Gon , Jung Sejong , Borhanian Shahin 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– Using a sample of male police officers in South Korea, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether police stressors revealed in the western literature are also applicable in the South Korean context.

Design/methodology/approach
– Officers stationed at 16 frontline substations in a large metropolitan city reported the frequency with which they had been exposed to seven classes of police stressors and perceived somatization symptoms.

Findings
– Work-family conflict and victimization at the hands of citizens were revealed as the significant predictors of officers’ stress-related somatization symptoms. Unlike western studies, the present study did not reveal moderating effects of coping strategies and social support. Stressors’ effects on somatization symptoms, however, were mediated by destructive coping strategies.

Originality value
– This study contributes to the comparative literature on police stress.
Promoting independence, preventing dependency
Authors: Parrott Richard 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– There are major pressures on social care funding for people with learning disabilities. It is unsustainable to continue working in the same way. The need to promote independence and prevent the need for social care for people with a learning disability is urgent. The purpose of this paper is to highlight key issues, stimulate debate and strengthen the evidence base.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper takes evidence from research, literature reviews, statistics and policy debates. It illustrates key points with case studies. The argument for change has been developed in discussion with key stakeholders including the chief executive of a leading self-advocacy organisation.

Findings
– Demand is increasing whilst funding is reducing. Policy, practice and evidence on prevention of the need for social care for people with a learning disability are underdeveloped. Nevertheless, there are many examples of good practice, and of emerging opportunities for local partnerships to work together to build a new approach.

Research limitations/implications
– Research on the benefits and costs of prevention of social care for people with a learning disability is underdeveloped. There is a need to extend the evidence base on the range of interventions and their effectiveness.

Originality/value
– The paper argues for a step change in culture, practice and the focus of research.
Embodiment without bodies? Analysis of embodiment in US‐based pro‐breastfeeding and anti‐male circumcision movements
Authors: Newman Harmony D. , Carpenter Laura M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article uses the cases of pro‐breastfeeding and anti‐circumcision activism to complicate the prevailing conceptualisation of embodiment in research on embodied health movements (EHMs). Whereas most EHM activists draw on their own bodily experiences, in the breastfeeding and circumcision movements, embodiment by proxy is common. Activists use embodiment as a strategy but draw on physical sensations that they imagine for other people's bodies, rather than on those they experience themselves. Pro‐breastfeeding activists, who seldom disclose whether they were themselves breastfed, target mothers, encouraging them to breastfeed rather than to formula feed their children in order to reduce their child's risk of disease. Anti‐circumcision activists, only some of whom are circumcised men, urge parents to leave their sons' penises intact in order to avoid illness and disfigurement and to preserve the sons' rights to make their own informed decisions as adults. In both movements activists use embodiment as a persuasive strategy even though they themselves do not necessarily embody the risks of the negative health outcomes with which they are concerned. Future research on EHMs should reconceptualise EHMs to include embodiment by proxy and examine whether this important phenomenon systematically affects movement strategies and outcomes.
Discovery of New Sites for Drug Binding to the Hypertension‐Related Renin–Angiotensinogen Complex
Authors: Brás Natércia F. , Fernandes Pedro A. , Ramos Maria J. 
Published: November 2013

Renin (REN) is a key drug target to stop the hypertension cascade, but thus far only one direct inhibitor has been made commercially available. In this study, we assess an innovative REN inhibition strategy, by targeting the interface of the renin:angiotensinogen (REN:ANG) complex. We characterized the energetic role of interfacial residues of REN:ANG and identified the ones responsible for protein:protein binding, which can serve as drug targets for disruption of the REN:ANG association. For this purpose, we applied a computational alanine scanning mutagenesis protocol, which measures the contribution of each side chain for the protein:protein binding free energy with an accuracy of ≈ 1 kcal/mol. As a result, in REN and ANG, six and eight residues were found to be critical for binding, respectively. The leading force behind REN:ANG complexation was found to be the hydrophobic effect. The binding free energy per residue was found to be proportional to the buried area. Residues responsible for binding were occluded from water at the complex, which promotes an efficient pairing between the two proteins. Two druggable pockets involving critical residues for binding were found on the surface of REN, where small drug‐like molecules can bind and disrupt the ANG:REN association that may provide an efficient way to achieve REN inhibition and control hypertension.
Integrin-driven monocyte to dendritic cell conversion in modified extracorporeal photochemotherapy
Authors: Gonzalez A L , Berger C L , Remington J , Girardi M , Tigelaar R E , Edelson R L 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Due to clinical efficacy and safety profile, extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) is a commonly used cell treatment for patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The capacity of ECP to induce dendritic antigen-presenting cell (DC)-mediated selective immunization or immunosuppression suggests a novel mechanism involving pivotal cell signalling processes that have yet to be clearly identified as related to this procedure. In this study we employ two model systems of ECP to dissect the role of integrin signalling and adsorbed plasma proteins in monocyte-to-DC differentiation. We demonstrate that monocytes that were passed through protein-modified ECP plates adhered transiently to plasma proteins, including fibronectin, adsorbed to the plastic ECP plate and activated signalling pathways that initiate monocyte-to-DC conversion. Plasma protein adsorption facilitated 54·2 ± 4·7% differentiation, while fibronectin supported 29·8 ± 7·2% differentiation, as detected by DC phenotypic expression of membrane CD80 and CD86, as well as CD36, human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR) and cytoplasmic CD83. Further, we demonstrate the ability of fibronectin and other plasma proteins to act through cell adhesion via the ubiquitous arginine–glycine–aspartic (RGD) motif to drive monocyte-to-DC differentiation, with high-density RGD substrates supporting 54·1 ± 5·8% differentiation via αVβ3 and α5β1integrin signalling. Our results demonstrate that plasma protein binding integrins and plasma proteins operate through specific binding domains to induce monocyte-to-DC differentiation in ECP, providing a mechanism that can be harnessed to enhance ECP efficacy.
A systematic review of the predictive value of 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography on survival in locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation
Authors: Krug B. , Crott R. , de Cannière L. , D'Hondt L. , Vander Borght T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTreatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) includes preoperative radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy followed by radical surgery, but the clinical outcome is uncertain. A systemic review was carried out to determine the predictive value of 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG‐PET) for assessing disease‐free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in LARC.MethodA literature search (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane) up to January 2012 to identify full papers with sequential 18FDG‐PET and survival data, using indexing terms and free text words. The inclusion criteria were: a study of at least 10 patients, having sequential 18FDG‐PET imaging before and after adjuvant chemoradiation and a minimal follow‐up of 24 months. Studies were selected by two of the authors. A meta‐analysis was performed for DFS and OS using the hazard ratio (HR) as the primary outcome.ResultsFive eligible studies were identified including 330 patients (mean age 63 years, 64% men), in which PET‐CT or PET imaging was used. The American Joint Committee on Cancer stage distribution was as follows: Stage I, 2%; Stage II, 44%; Stage III, 52%; Stage IV, 1%. The pooled HRs for complete metabolic response versus partial or no response were 0.39 (95% CI 0.18–0.86; P = 0.02) for OS and 0.70 (95% CI 0.16–3.14; P = 0.64) for DFS. The lack of significance for DFS might be explained by different follow‐up characteristics. There was also clinical heterogeneity among the different studies.ConclusionThis systematic review indicates that complete metabolic response on sequential 18FDG‐PET data after preoperative chemoradiation of LARC is predictive of OS, but not of DFS.
CO2 laser irradiation of raw and bleached cotton fabrics, with focus on water and dye absorbency
Authors: Montazer Majid , Chizarifard Ghazaleh , Harifi Tina 
Published: November 2013

In this research, the effect of carbon dioxide laser irradiation on various properties of raw and bleached cotton fabrics, including fabric weight, bending rigidity, wetting, and air permeability, as well as dyeing, was examined and compared. The experiments were carried out at three different laser powers ranging from 4.5 to 6 W to determine the effect of laser treatment on fabric properties. In particular, the influence of laser irradiation on the dyeing properties of treated fabrics with CI Reactive Blue 198 was studied. The colour change of laser‐treated fabrics was determined by calculation of the K/S values as a function of fabric reflectance. The morphological changes in laser‐treated fabrics were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of laser treatment on the properties of raw and bleached cotton fabrics were varied. For instance, the wettability of raw cotton samples was reduced after laser irradiation, whereas the wettability of bleached cotton fabrics was greater. Possible reasons for the various dyeing behaviours observed with irradiation at different laser powers are discussed.
Predictive value of Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale for obstructive sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population
Authors: Ulasli Sevinc Sarinc , Gunay Ersin , Koyuncu Tulay , Akar Olcay , Halici Bilal , Ulu Sena , Unlu Mehmet 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) are two of the widely used screening instruments for subjects suffering from sleep disorders.ObjectivesTo determine the predictive accuracy of the BQ and ESS in the subjects who were admitted to our sleep clinic, using overnight polysomnography as the ‘gold standard’.MethodsThe BQ and ESS were performed to 1450 subjects hospitalized in our sleep clinic for polysomnographic evaluation.ResultsOne thousand two hundred thirty of 1450 subjects (84.8%) had apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5, and 70.5% of them were classified as being at high risk of sleep apnea with BQ and 45.9% of them were classified as having excessive daytime sleepiness with ESS. Being in the high‐risk group with the self‐reported, BQ predicted an AHI ≥ 5 with a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.44, vs a sensitivity of 0.46 and a specificity of 0.60 with the self‐reported ESS. Sensitivity of BQ (0.80) was highest when we selected the cut‐off value of AHI as 30. When we evaluated the predictive accuracy of BQ and ESS together, specificity of both instruments as 0.72 at AHI cut‐off value of 5 was found. AHIs were significantly correlated with the scores in each category and the total scores of BQ (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe BQ is a poor predictor of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in subjects admitted to our sleep clinic. BQ and ESS together may be used to detect patients with low risk for OSA.
Palliative care understanding and end‐of‐life decisions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Fahim Ahmed , Kastelik Jack A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of respiratory morbidity and mortality with limited data on palliative care and evidence of reluctance to end‐of‐life discussions.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the understanding of palliative care as an option in COPD. Moreover, we wanted to identify any barriers to resuscitation discussions in this group of patients.MethodsWe developed a questionnaire addressing the aims of the study. Patients with COPD were prospectively recruited into the study and completed palliative questionnaire, Leicester cough questionnaire, Borg dyspnoea index and Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale.ResultsThe patient population was predominantly male (60%) with mean age of 70 years (range 43–87 years). The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 1.0 (range 0.3–2.3 L). The mean body mass index of the cohort was 24.3 (standard deviation 6.7, range 14.5–42). Ten patients (33%) were on home oxygen. Thirteen (43%) patients understood the term non‐invasive ventilation, and 11 of those would consider it again if needed. Only 13% of patients knew that palliative care is an option in COPD. Eleven patients understood the term cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and only five (16%) ever had a discussion regarding resuscitation.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that there is extremely limited awareness of palliative care in patients with COPD. Moreover, the barriers to the end‐of‐life discussions should be explored to improve the end‐of‐life care in this disease.
Long‐lasting marked inhibition of periaqueductal gray‐evoked defensive behaviors in inescapably‐shocked rats
Authors: Quintino‐dos‐Santos Jeyce W. , Müller Cláudia J. T. , C. Santos Alexandre M. , Tufik Sérgio , Rosa Caroline A. , Schenberg Luiz C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractClinical evidence suggests that depression and trauma predispose the subject to panic. Accordingly, here we examined the late effects of uncontrollable stress, a presumptive model of depression and/or traumatic disorder, on panic‐like behaviors evoked by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG). Changes in anxiety and depression were also assessed in the elevated plus‐maze (EPM) and forced‐swimming test (FST), respectively. Rats with electrodes in the DPAG were subjected to a 7‐day shuttle‐box one‐way escape yoked training with foot‐shocks either escapable (ES) or inescapable (IS). The day after the end of one‐way escape training, rats were trained in a two‐way escape novel task (test‐session) to ascertain the effectiveness of uncontrollable stress. DPAG stimulations were carried out in an open field, both before the escape training and 2 and 7 days after it, and EPM and FST were performed on the 8th and 10th days afterwards, respectively. Controls were either trained with fictive shocks (FS) or subjected to intracranial stimulations only. Although the ES rats performed significantly better than the IS group in the two‐way escape task, groups did not differ with respect to either the anxiety or depression scores. Unexpectedly, however, IS rats showed a marked attenuation of DPAG‐evoked freezing and flight behaviors relative to both the ES and FS groups, 2 and 7 days after one‐way escape training. The conjoint inhibition of passive (freezing) and active (flight) defensive behaviors suggests that IS inhibits a DPAG in‐built motivational system that may be implicated in depressed patients' difficulties in coping with daily‐life stress.