bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatocyte Injury Bioactivation of CCl4 by Cytochrome P450 and Effects on Lipid Homeostasis
Authors: Boll Meinrad , Weber Lutz W. D. , Becker Eberhard , Stampfl Andreas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The CCl4-induced development of liver damage was studied in monolayer cultures of pri­mary rat hepatocytes: (1) CCl4 caused accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes following cytochrome P450 induction with β-naphthoflavone or metyrapone. Ethanol or a high dose of insulin plus triio­dothyronine had the same effect. (2) CCl4 increased the synthesis of fatty acids and triglycer­ ides and the rate of lipid esterification. Cholesterol and phospholipid synthesis from acetate was also increased. (3) CCl4 reduced β-oxidation of fatty acids as assessed by CO2-release and ketone body formation. Hydrolysis of triglycerides was also reduced. (4) The content of unsaturated fatty acids in microsomal lipids was decreased by almost 50% after incubation with CCl4, while saturated fatty acids increased slightly. (5) CCl4 exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect on the exocytosis of macromolecules (albumin), but did not affect secretion of bile acids from hepatocytes.
Essential Oil from Herb and Rhizome of Peucedanum ostruthium (L. Koch.) ex DC
Authors: Cisowski Wojciech , Sawicka Urszula , Mardarowiczb Marek , Asztemborskac Monika , Łuczkiewiczd Maria 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Essential oil from herb and rhizome of Peucedanum ostruthium (L.Koch.) ex DC un­ derwent qualitative and quantitative analyses. The content of the oil obtained by hydrodistil­lation was 0.95% in the herb and 1.25% in the rhizome (per dry weight basis). Gas chroma­ tography (GC) with MS detection and flame ionisation detection showed that the oil from the rhizome contains 39 compounds, of which 29 were identified. Gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection in chiral columns against standard compounds showed the pres­ence of enantiomers of some of the components of the oil. Compounds present in largest quantities are: sabinene (35.2%) of which (+) sabinene accounts for (96.54%) and 4-terpineol (26.6%) of which (+) 4-terpineol accounts for (65.8%). 44 com ponents were found in the herb essential oil, of which 39 compounds were identified. Compounds present in largest quantities were β-caryophyllene (16.1%) and a-hum ulene (15.8%). The content of sabinene in the herb oil was 4.7%. The following compounds were present in the herb oil only as enantiomers: (+) sabinene (4.7%), (-) limonene (4.4%), (-) β-pinene (0.4%). A coumarin (osthole) was detected in both essential oils (5.5% in herb oil and 5.1% in rhizome oil).
Total Phenolics Concentration and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Medicinal Plants of Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Ammar , Ahotupa Markku , Pihlaja Kalevi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Thirty-seven plant organs, traditionally used as drugs, collected in Pakistan, were extracted with 70% acetone and analyzed for their total phenolics concentration and antioxidant potential. Seven extracts showed more than 85% inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vitro as compared with blank. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 233.6 μg / 1 ± 28.3) was the strongest antioxidant in our test system. The IC50 results indicate that the extracts of Nymphaea lotus L. flowers, Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Delile beans, Terminalia belerica Roxb. fruits, and Terminalia chebula Retz. (fruits, brown) were stronger antioxidants than a-tocopherol, while Terminalia chebula Retz. (fruit coat), Terminalia chebula Retz. (fruits, black) and Ricinus communis L. leaves were weaker antioxidant extracts than a-tocopherol and BHT. Total phenolics concentration, expressed as gallic acid equivalents, showed close correlation with the antioxidant activity. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis with diode array detection at 280 nm, of the seven extracts indicated the presence of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonol aglycones and their glycosides as main phenolics compounds. This information, based on quick screening methods, enables us to proceed towards more detailed chemical and pharmacological understanding of these plant materials.
Two Novel Phenylacetoxylated p-Terphenyls from Thelephora ganbajun Zang
Authors: Lin Hu , Ji-Kai Liu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two novel phenylacetoxylated p-terphenyl derivatives, namely ganbajunin F (6′-methoxy-2′-phenylacetoxy-3′, 4, 4″, 5′-tetrahydroxy-p-terphenyl), and ganbajunin G (5′-methoxy-2′-phenylacetoxy-3′, 4, 4″, 6′-tetrahydroxy-p-terphenyl), together with a known compound cycloleucomelone were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Thelephora ganbajun Zang. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral (MS, IR, NMR, HMBC, HMQC measure­ment) and chemical evidence.
Isolation of New Alkylthiosulfides from the Essential Oil and Extracts from the Bark of Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms
Authors: Kouokam J. Clavin , Zapp Josef , Becker Hans 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
2,3,5-trithiahexane, 2,3,4,6-tetrathiaheptane, 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane, two pentathianonanes, 2,4,5,7,9-pentathiadecane and two hexathiaundecanes were isolated from the essential oil and extracts from the bark of Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms. Four other thioalkanes were found in small amounts in the essential oil.
Interaction of Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts with Photosynthetic Membranes
Authors: Spiegel Susanne , Bader Klaus P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Distinct concentration ranges of selected quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts were elaborated to induce stimulatory or inhibitory effects, respectively, on photosynthetic reactions. By means of fluorescence induction measurements 3 different effects of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (ABDAC; zephirol) in chloroplast preparations from Pisum sativum were observed. 60 μᴍ ABDAC produced a strong increase in Fmax with concurrently improved Kautsky kinetics. Increased ABDAC concentration (500 μᴍ) led to a strong fluorescence quenching - virtually indistinguishable from the conditions following the addition of photosystem II electron acceptors like K3Fe[CN]6. Further increase of ABDAC to 5 mᴍ provoked a drastic increase in the fluorescence yield together with the complete loss of any detectable kinetics. We suggest a 3-step interaction of ABDAC with the thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms similar to our earlier discussion (Bader and Höper (1993), Z. Naturforsch. 49 c, 87 -94 ). We examined a series of derivatives with selectively modified side chains, central atoms and counter ions, respectively. Both an alkyl chain of the type ([-CH2-]n; n ~ > 10) and effective polar components are indispensable for the adsorption and intercalation of the molecule onto and into the thylakoid membranes. The benzyl group could be replaced by a methyl residue without any loss of effectiveness; replacement of the central nitrogen (N) by phosphorus (P) and the counter ion Cl by Br did not modify the effects and the results were indistinguishable from the ABDAC effect proper. Shortening of the alkyl chain to (-CH2-)6 resulted in a less effective interaction of e.g. tetraoctylammonium bromide with the photosynthetic membrane. Flash-induced oxygen evolution measurements with selected derivatives (15 μᴍ) substantiated our interpretation of an improved OEC functioning by a substantial lowering of the miss parameter a and the exclusion of a chemical reduction as the standard S-state distribution was not affected. As evidenced by both SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses the investigated molecules showed a direct interaction. The polypeptide patterns were characterized by a severe shift of the molecular weight components from high (20 -67 kDa) to low (< 20 kDa) values.
Influence of the Parasite Viscum cruciatum Sieber on the Chemical Constituents of Crataegus monogyna Jacq
Authors: Ahumada Carmen , García Dolores , Saenz Teresa , Gómez Alicia , Cert Arturo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A phytochemical study of two plant species, Viscum cruciatum Sieber and Crataegus mono­gyna Jacq., was completed to investigate the influence of the parasite Viscum cruciatum on the host Crataegus monogyna. The study was carried out with two samples and consisted of hexane extracts of the Viscum cruciatum parasitizing on Crataegus monogyna and C. mono­gyna. In these samples ursolic acid, β-sitosterol and a triterpene fraction were found that contained mainly butyrospermol (3β-lanost 8 , 24-dien, 3-ol), 24-methylene-24-dihydrolanost-erol (24-methylene-5a-lanost-8-en-3β-ol), cycloartenol (9β, 19-cyclo-5α, 9β-lanost-24-en-3β-ol), β-amyrin (olean-12-en-3β-ol) and several aliphatic alcohols identified as the C18 to C30 members of the 1 -alkanol homologous series. β-Amyrin acetate was only isolated from Viscum cruciatum and was not found in Cratae­ gus monogyna.
Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Turkish Propolis
Authors: Keskin Nevin , Hazir Selçuk , Baser K. Hüsnü Can , Kürkçüoglu Mine 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The antibacterial activities of propolis samples have been examined in vitro, according to the principles accepted for the determination of a similar activity of antibiotics with the use of solid and liquid media. It has been found that propolis extracts showed antibacterial activity through a range of commonly encountered gram positive cocci (5. aureus, beta hem. Streptococus), but had weak activity against gram negative bacteria (E . coli, P. aeruginosa). GC/MS analysis showed that propolis samples contain a variety of chemical compounds in­ cluding aromatic compounds, fatty acid esters and sesquiterpenes.
1,17-Dideoxyagelorin A and B, New Bromotyrosine Derivatives and Analogs from the Marine Sponge Suberea aff. praetensa
Authors: Kijjoa Anake , Watanadilok Rawiwan , Sonchaeng Pichai , Silva Artur M. S. , Eaton Graham , Herz Werner 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A collection of the marine sponge Suberea aff. praetensa from the Gulf of Thailand fur­nished the bromotyrosine derivatives fistularin-3, agelorins A and B and the new desoxyagel-orins A and B.
Alternative Origin for "Gain-of-Function" by Mutant SOD Enzyme and for Conformational Change of Normal Prion Protein
Authors: Nishino Satoshi , Kishita Ayumi , Nishida Yuzo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis and ESI-Mass spectrometry methods have revealed that a hydro-peroxo-copper(II) complex with (tpa) (=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) reacts with carbonic an-hydrase or amyloid beta-peptide (1 -40) as a nucleophile to induce the conformational change of the protein structure, while the Cu(bdpg)-complex ((bdpg)=N,N-bis(2-pyridyl-methy)-beta-alanineamide) acts as an electrophile toward the proteins to degrade them under the same experimental conditions. This will lead to suggest that enhanced nucleophilic attack by a copper(II)-peroxide adduct to peptide bonding may be one of the serious origins for the "gain-of-function" by mutant superoxide dismutase and for conformational change of normal prion protein.
Conformational Change of Arabidopsis thaliana Thioredoxin Reductase after Binding of Pyridine Nucleotide and Thioredoxin
Authors: Nivinskas Henrikas , Jacquot Jean-Pierre , Čėnas Narimantas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We have found that the binding of NADP+ (Kd = 0.86 ±0.11 μᴍ) enhanced the FAD fluorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana NADPH :thioredoxin reductase (TR, EC 1.6.4.5) by 2 times, whereas the binding of 3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (AADP+) (Kd < 0.1 μᴍ) quenched the fluorescence by 20%. Thioredoxin (TRX) also enhanced the FAD fluorescence by 35%. The Kd of TR-NADP+ and TR-AADP+ complexes did not change in the presence of 45 μᴍ TRX. Our findings imply that the binding of NADP+ and AADP+ at the NADP(H)-binding site of A. thaliana TR, and/or the binding of TRX in the vicinity of the catalytic disulfide increase the content of fluorescent FR conformer (NADP(H)-binding site adjacent to flavin). The different effects of NADP+ and AADP+ on FAD fluorescence intensity may be explained by the superposition of two opposite factors: i) increased content of fluorescent FR conformer upon binding of NADP+ or AADP+; ii) quenching of FAD fluorescence by electron-donating 3-aminopyridinium ring of A ADP+.
Microbial Hydroxylation and Reduction of the Diterpene Psiadin
Authors: Orabi Khaled Y. , Galal Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Abdel-Rahim S. , El-Feraly Farouk S. , McPhail Andrew T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Microbial bioconversion studies conducted on the diterpene psiadin have revealed that it was metabolized by Aspergillus niger (NRRL 2295) to give 2α-hydroxydeoxopsiadin, Cunninghamella blakesleeana (ATCC 8688a) to give 11β-hydroxypsiadin, and Cylindrocephalum aureum (ATCC 12720), Gongronella butleri (ATCC 22822), Kloeckera africana (ATCC 20111), and Kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis (ATCC 2628) to yield 7α-hydroxypsiadin. Their structures have been established on the basis of spectral data. The structure and relative stereochemistry of 7α-hydroxypsiadin was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Microbial Epoxidation of the Tricyclic Sesquiterpene Presilphiperfolane Angelate Ester
Authors: Orabi Khaled Y. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Microbial transformation studies on 2β-angeloyloxy-5β,8β-dihydroxypresilphiperfolane have revealed that it was metabolized by a number of microorganisms. Using a standard two-stage fermentation technique, Mucor ramannianus (ATCC 9628) produced three metabolites. One of them was characterized as the novel metabolite (2'R,3'R)-(+)-2β-(2',3'-epoxyangeloyloxy)-5β,8β-dihydroxypresilphiperfolane on the basis of spectral data. The absolute configuration at both oxirane carbons was confirmed by hydrolysis product of the novel metabolite which is (2R,3R)-(+)-2,3-epoxyangelic acid.
Transformation Studies of Bacillus thuringiensis cryIC Gene into a Nitrogen-Fixing Azospirillum lipoferum
Authors: Gounder Ramalingam , Rajendran Narayanan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A lepidopteran toxin gene, cryIC (pSB607) from entom opathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai was introduced into nitrogen-fixing A zospirillum lipoferum by transformation. Regeneration of spheroplasts was achieved at 99% with 39% frequency of regeneration. Transformants were screened on NB kanamycin with ampicillin plates and 4 transformants were selected after ten generations. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of a 68 kDa protein in the transformants. Studies on utilization of carbon sources indicate that glucose and sucrose are the most favorable carbon sources and 2 % molasses is the cheap alternate carbon source for the better growth of parent A. lipoferum and transformants.
Effects of Scopoletin and Aflatoxin on B1 on Bovine Hepatic Mitochondrial Respitatory Complexes, 2: a-Ketoglutarate Cytochrome c and Succinate Cytochrome c Reductases
Authors: Obasi Sebastian C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The in vitro effects of the toxin coumarin compounds scopoletin and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on bovine (Bos indicus) hepatic mitochondrial respiratory complex III enzymes, succinate cytochrome c and a-ketoglutarate cytochrome c reductases, were examined. Kinetic studies on the interaction of the toxins with the enzymes were also carried out. The results showed that although the observed inhibitory and stimulatory effects of the two toxins were consistent with the changes in the kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax values), these parameters were not consistent with the observed effects of the toxins at certain concentrations. These observations are discussed in terms of the relative locations of the enzymes in the mito­chondria, and the previously reported inhibitory and uncoupling effects of the toxins on cow liver mitochondrial respiration.
Hepatocyte Damage Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride: Inhibited Lipoprotein Secretion and Changed Lipoprotein Composition
Authors: Boll Meinrad , Weber Lutz W. D. , Becker Eberhard , Stampfl Andreas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Changes of lipoprotein secretion and composition in response to CCl4 treatment were studied in monolayer cultures of rat primary hepatocytes.
(1) CCl4 decreased secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) by about 85%, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) secretion was less affected (about 40%). The effect was concentration-dependent. (2) CCl4 significantly inhibited secretion of VLDL-and HDL-associated triglycerides and cholesterol esters. VLDL-and HDL-associated cholesterol was not affected, while secretion of phospholipids was increased. (3) Hepatocytes secreted the apolipoproteins B48, B 100, E, C, and A-I. CCl4 reduced secretion of apoproteins associated with VLDL by almost 20%, and by about 75% when associated with HDL. The de novo synthesis of apolipoproteins was attenuated by CCl4. (4) CCl4 caused variations in the apolipoprotein composition in VLDL and HDL.
CCl4 intoxication of the liver affected the morphology and/or function of the lipoproteins, which drastically impaired their ability to act as transport vehicles for lipids from the liver to the circulation.
An Isopyoverdin from Pseudomonas putida CFML 90-44
Authors: Sultana Razia , Siddiqui Bina Shaheen , Taraz Kambiz , Budzikiewicz Herbert , Meyer Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From Pseudomonas putida CFML 90-44 an isopyoverdin was isolated. Its structure could be elucidated by chemical degradation and spectroscopic data.
Foliar and Cortex Oleoresin Variability of Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Albania
Authors: Zeneli Gazmend , Tsitsimpikou Christina , Petrakis Panos V. , Naxakis George , Habili Dalip , Roussis Vassilios 
Published: February 2015

Terpene composition of needle and cortical oleoresin from lateral shoots were analyzed by GC/MS for four Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations scattered in natural species range in Albania. More than sixty compounds were detected in the needle oleoresin, which was characterized by a high content of α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, limonene and bornyl acetate. Three monoterpenes, α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene, and two sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D, comprised the majority of cortical oleoresin. The terpene composition differences among the populations that led to the recognition of two chemo-types. The needle oleoresin from the provinces of Puka, Bulqiza and Llogara were characterised by high amounts of β-pinene, camphene and α-pinene and low amounts of limonene, while that from Drenova had high amounts of β-pinene and limonene. A similar pattern was found in the cortical oleoresin with the exception of camphene that was a minor contributor. Geographical and seasonal variation between the populations was, also, investigated. Multi­variate analysis of both needle and cortical oleoresin separated Drenova (southeastern population) from the other sites. When both major monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were considered four chemical profiles could be attributed. Based on their chemical profiles, the populations can be divided into two groups:
Populations with high content of β-pinene and α-pinene but a low content of limonene (Puka, Bulqiza and Llogara), typical of most of A. alba populations in all its distribution range.
Population with a high content of limonene and a moderate content of β-pinene and α-pinene (Drenova)
Identification of Plant Virus Movement-Host Protein Interactions
Authors: Kellmann Jan-Wolfhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
After the discovery of ‘movement proteins’ as a peculiarity of plant viruses and with the help of novel methods for the detection and isolation of interacting host proteins new insights have been obtained to understand the mechanisms of virus movement in plant tissues. Rapid progress in studying the molecular mechanisms of systemic spread of plant infecting viruses revealed an interrelation between virus movement and macromolecular trafficking in plant tissues. This article summarizes current explorations on plant virus movement proteins (MPs) and introduces the state of the art in the identification and isolation of MP interacting host proteins.
Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils from Satureja wiedemanniana (Lallem.) Velen
Authors: Başer Kemal Hüsnü Can , Tümen Gülendam , Tabanca Nurhayat , Demirci Fatih 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Satureja wiedemanniana (Lallem.) Velen (Lamiaceae) is an endemic species of Turkey. Aerial parts of the plant collected from eleven different localities in Turkey were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were analysed by a GC/MS system. Carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene and γ-terpinene were found as the main constituents. Antibacterial evaluation of the oils was also carried out.
Flavonoids and UV Photoprotection in Arabidopsis Mutants
Authors: Ryan Ken G , Swinny Ewald E , Winefield Chris , Markham Kenneth R 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Wild-type Arabidopsis L. leaves exposed to low ultraviolet-B (U V B ) conditions contained predominantly kaempferol glycosides, with low levels of quercetin glycosides. The flavonoid level doubled on treatment with UVB and an increase in the ratio of quercetin: kaempferol was observed. These results suggest that flavonols protect Arabidopsis plants from UVB damage, and indicate that the flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase (F3’H) enzyme, which converts dihydrokaempferol to dihydroquercetin, may play a crucial role. The tt7 mutant lacks this gene and, after treatment with sub-ambient UVB, contained kaempferol glycosides exclusively, to a level of total flavonols similar to that in wild-type Arabidopsis. Total flavonols after enhanced UVB treatment were higher in tt7 than in similarly treated wild-type plants, and only kaempferol glycosides were detected. Despite this high level, tt7 plants were less tolerant of UVB radiation than wild-type plants. These observations suggests that kaempferol is a less effective photoprotectant than quercetin. The chalcone isomerase (CHI) mutant (tt5) surprisingly did not accumulate naringenin chalcone, and this suggests that the mutation may not be restricted to the CHI gene alone. The concentration of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives did not change with UVB treatment in most varieties indicating that their role in UV photoprotection may be subordinate to that of the flavonoids.
Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis is Inhibited by Cafenstrole, N,N-Diethyl-3-mesitylsulfonyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide and Its Analogs
Authors: Takahashi Hideomi , Ohki Aiko , Kanzaki Mitsuru , Tanaka Akira , Sato Yukiharu , Matthes Bernd , Böger Peter , Wakabayashi Ko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rice herbicide cafenstrole and its analogs inhibited the incorporation of [1-14C]-oleate and [2-14C]-malonate into very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), using Scenedesmus cells and leek microsomes from Allium porrum. Although the precise mode of interaction of cafenstrole at the molecular level is not completely clarified by the present study, it is concluded that cafenstrole acts as a specific inhibitor of the microsomal elongase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids with alkyl chains longer than C18. For a strong VLCFA biosynthesis inhibition an -SO2- linkage of the 1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamides was required. Furthermore, N,N-dialkyl substitution of the carbamoyl nitrogen and electron-donating groups such as methyl at the benzene ring of 1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamides produced a strong inhibition of VLCFA formation. A correlation was found between the phytotoxic effect against barnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzicola) and impaired VLCFA formation.