bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxycodone attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced myocardial injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidation and pyroptosis via Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Yanting , Feng Wei , Li Shaona , Liu Cuicui , Jia Lili , Wang Pei , Li Linlin , Du Hongyin , Yu Wenli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMyocardial injury and cardiovascular dysfunction are the most common complications of sepsis, and effective therapeutic candidate is still lacking. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of oxycodone in myocardial injury of lipopolysaccharide‐induced sepsis and its related signalling pathways. Wild‐type and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐knockout mice, as well as H9c2 cardiomyocytes cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as models of septic myocardial injury. H9c2 cardiomyocytes culture showed that oxycodone protected cells from pyroptosis induced by LPS. Mice model confirmed that oxycodone pretreatment significantly attenuated myocardial pathological damage and improved cardiac function demonstrated by increased ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), as well as decreased cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK‐MB). Oxycodone also reduced the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress damage induced by LPS, which involves pyroptosis‐related proteins including: Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), Caspase 1, Apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein contain a CARD (ASC), and Gasdermin D (GSDMD). These changes were mediated by Nrf2 and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) because Nrf2‐knockout mice or Nrf2 knockdown in H9c2 cells significantly reversed the beneficial effect of oxycodone on oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis. Our findings yielded that oxycodone therapy reduces LPS‐induced myocardial injury by suppressing NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis via the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
A case of organizing pneumonia in rearranged during transfection fusion‐positive lung adenocarcinoma treated with selpercatinib
Authors: Ohkoshi Hiroki , Saiki Masafumi , Takahashi Nozomu , Homma Kenta , Furuya Satoshi , Shimamura So , Omori Chisa , Hoshino Yuki , Uchida Yoshinori , Ikemura Shinnosuke , Soejima Kenzo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelpercatinib is the first targeted therapy for rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion‐positive unresectable non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The main adverse effects of selpercatinib include hypertension, liver dysfunction, diarrhea, and QT prolongation on electrocardiograms. However, instances of drug‐induced interstitial lung disease (DI‐ILD) are infrequently reported. We describe the first case of a patient with RET fusion‐positive NSCLC treated with selpercatinib who developed DI‐ILD, confirmed pathologically. The patient, a 72‐year‐old woman, initiated selpercatinib treatment following the postoperative recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma. After 15 months of treatment, computed tomography scans revealed multiple infiltrates and ground‐glass opacities in both lungs. A thoracoscopic lung biopsy identified organizing pneumonia, attributed to DI‐ILD caused by selpercatinib. Although she was asymptomatic, the patient's selpercatinib treatment was discontinued, leading to a gradual improvement in the lung infiltrates. Despite the lack of detailed reports, DI‐ILD with selpercatinib represents a potentially serious adverse event and should be approached with caution.
Effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure on cortical perineuronal net and parvalbumin expression in adulthood mediate behavioral inflexibility
Authors: Sullivan Emily D. K. , Dannenhoffer Carol A. , Sutherland Elizabeth B. , Vidrascu Elena M. , Gómez‐A Alexander , Boettiger Charlotte A. , Robinson Donita L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol is commonly consumed by adolescents in a binge‐like pattern, which can lead to long‐lasting cognitive deficits, including reduced behavioral flexibility. We and others have determined that adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure leads to increased number of perineuronal net (PNN) numbers in brain regions that are important for behavioral flexibility. However, whether altered neurochemistry stemming from AIE exposure plays a significant role in reduced behavioral flexibility is unknown.MethodsWe measured the number and size of parvalbumin expressing (PV+) interneurons and associated PNNs within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex (IL), and anterior insular cortex (AIC) of female and male rats following AIE or control exposure and subsequent training on an attentional set‐shift task (ASST). We then ran analyses to determine whether AIE‐induced changes in PV and PNN measures statistically mediated the AIE‐induced behavioral deficit in reversal learning.ResultsWe demonstrate that AIE exposure impaired behavioral flexibility on reversal two of the ASST (i.e., recalling the initial learned associations), and led to smaller PV+ cells and increased PNN numbers in the AIC. Interestingly, PNN size and number were not altered in the PrL or IL following AIE exposure, in contrast to prior reports. Mediation analyses suggest that AIE alters behavioral flexibility, at least in part through changes in PV and PNN fluorescent measures in the AIC.ConclusionsThis study reveals a significant link between AIE exposure, neural alterations, and diminished behavioral flexibility in rats, and highlights a potential novel mechanism comprising changes in PV and PNN measures within the AIC. Future studies should explore the impact of PNN degradation within the AIC on behavioral flexibility.
From powerholders to stakeholders: State‐building with elite compensation in early medieval China
Authors: Chen Joy , Wang Erik H. , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHow do rulers soften resistance by local powerholders to state‐building efforts? This paper highlights a strategy of compensation, where elites receive government offices in exchange for relinquishing their localist interests, and become uprooted and integrated into the national political system as stakeholders. We explore this strategy in the context of the Northern Wei Dynasty of China (386–534 CE) that terminated an era of state weakness during which aristocrats exercised local autonomy through strongholds. Exploiting a comprehensive state‐building reform in the late fifth century, we find that aristocrats from previously autonomous localities were disproportionately recruited into the bureaucracy as compensation for accepting stronger state presence. Three mechanisms of bureaucratic compensation facilitated state‐building. Offices received by those aristocrats: (1) carried direct benefits, (2) realigned their interests toward the ruler, and (3) mitigated credible commitment problems. Our findings shed light on the “First Great Divergence” between Late Antiquity Europe and Medieval China.
Therapeutic relevance of eosinophilic inflammation and airway viral interactions in severe asthma
Authors: Rupani Hitasha , Busse William W. , Howarth Peter H. , Bardin Philip G. , Adcock Ian M. , Konno Satoshi , Jackson David J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe role of eosinophils in airway inflammation and asthma pathogenesis is well established, with raised eosinophil counts in blood and sputum associated with increased disease severity and risk of asthma exacerbation. Conversely, there is also preliminary evidence suggesting antiviral properties of eosinophils in the airways. These dual roles for eosinophils are particularly pertinent as respiratory virus infections contribute to asthma exacerbations. Biologic therapies targeting key molecules implicated in eosinophil‐associated pathologies have been approved in patients with severe asthma and, therefore, the effects of depleting eosinophils in a clinical setting are of considerable interest. This review discusses the pathological and antiviral roles of eosinophils in asthma and exacerbations. We also highlight the significant reduction in asthma exacerbations seen with biologic therapies, even at the height of the respiratory virus season. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these findings in relation to the role of eosinophils in inflammation and antiviral responses to respiratory virus infection in asthma.
Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease Following Pancreas Transplantation: A 40 Year Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Matar Abraham J. , Finger Erik B. , Maakaron Joseph , Minja Emmanuel , Ramanathan Karthik , Humphreville Vanessa , Rao Joseph S. , Fisher Jessica , Sutherland David E. R. , Matas Arthur J. , Kandaswamy Raja 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic immunosuppression following pancreas transplantation carries significant risk, including posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). We sought to define the incidence, risk factors, and long‐term outcomes of PTLD following pancreas transplantation at a single center.MethodsAll adult pancreas transplants between February 1, 1983 and December 31, 2023 at the University of Minnesota were reviewed, including pancreas transplant alone (PTA), simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplants (SPK), and pancreas after kidney transplants (PAK).ResultsAmong 2353 transplants, 110 cases of PTLD were identified, with an overall incidence of 4.8%. 17.3% were diagnosed within 1 year of transplant, 32.7% were diagnosed within 5 years, and 74 (67.3%) were diagnosed after 5 years. The overall 30‐year incidence of PTLD did not differ by transplant type—7.4% for PTA, 14.2% for SPK, and 19.4% for PAK (p = 0.3). In multivariable analyses, older age and Epstein‐Barr virus seronegativity were risk factors for PTLD, and PTLD was a risk factor for patient death. PTLD‐specific mortality was 32.7%, although recipients with PTLD had similar median posttransplant survival compared to those without PTLD (14.9 year vs. 15.6 year, p = 0.9).ConclusionsPTLD following pancreas transplantation is associated with significant mortality. Although the incidence of PTLD has decreased over time, a high index of suspicion for PTLD following PTx should remain in EBV‐negative recipients.
A case of malignant melanoma of the small intestine with cardiac metastasis
Authors: Liu Lian‐di , Deng Mao , Zheng Shuang , Peng Fang , Xiao Bin , Chen Ran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMalignant melanoma (MM) is notorious for its high metastatic potential, with cardiac metastasis being particularly severe as it involves cardiac structures and can lead to significant cardiac functional issues. While there is no standardized treatment approach, early detection and intervention can improve prognosis.
A narrative literature review of equine sarcoidosis
Authors: Wimmer‐Scherr Christina Maria , Schwarz Bianca Christine 
Published: August 2024

SummaryEquine sarcoidosis (ES) is a rare disease characterised by granulomatous inflammation of one or multiple organs. The skin is most frequently affected in horses and the clinical presentation can range from scaling and crusting lesions to nodular or tumour‐like masses. ES has been divided into three subtypes depending on the distribution of lesions in the body: the localised, partially generalised and generalised form. Overall, no breed or sex predilections have been consistently observed so far. Most affected horses are older than 3 years although the disease may occur at any age. While aetiology and pathogenesis of ES have not yet been fully determined, a chronic exaggerated immune response to one specific or multiple antigens is frequently hypothesised. Diagnosis is based upon history, clinical presentation, histopathology and exclusion of likely differential diagnoses. The treatment of choice in ES is initial anti‐inflammatory to immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids with subsequent tapering doses. Reported treatment success seems to be highly variable and prospective studies on the efficacy of corticosteroids or other agents are currently lacking in ES. Prognosis for survival is good for the localised form and poor for the other forms of ES. Complete remission of lesions in the localised form following treatment is less frequent and response to treatment is typically characterised by a slowdown or cessation of disease progression. There are scarce reports of spontaneous remission of this disease.
Rapid and non‐destructive determination of total phenolic contents using UV–NIR spectroscopy of dehydrated mushroom (Lentinus edodes)
Authors: Younas Shoaib , Manzoor Muhammad Sajid , Arqam Ukasha , Ali Farhan , Murtaza Ayesha , Wahab Muhammad Abdul , Manzoor Muhammad Aamir , Imran Muhammad , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMultispectral imaging (MSI) is an emerging technique that ranges from light spectrum of UV–NIR (405–970 nm) used for rapid determination of phenolic contents. The current study focuses on the determination of total phenolic content (TPC) in a fast and non‐invasive way in hot‐air dehydrated Lentinus edodes. The spectral information of MSI has been combined with various chemometrics like partial least squares (PLS), back propagation neural networks (BPNN), and least squares‐support vector machines (LS‐SVM) for the quantitative prediction of phenolic contents. Fresh mushrooms possessed 1.49 and 1.73 GAE g kg−1 TPC in processed samples at 10% moisture content. Comparing models, PLS acquired significant Rp with a lower RMSEP of 0.9980 and 0.1039 and was considered an outstanding algorithm, followed by LS‐SVM of 0.9777 and 0.1417 coefficient of determination and error of prediction data set, respectively. It is concluded that MSI spectroscopy produces highly significant results to determine functional food properties in a rapid and non‐destructive way. The present study will provide a strong platform for the fast online determination of phenolic profile of agricultural commodities.Practical applicationsUtilization of spectroscopy for non‐destructive detection of phenolic contents is defined through the combination of chemometrics with spectra of multispectral imaging system and emphasizes control processing of postharvest horticulture produces. Prediction results R2 above 80% describe that these chemometrics are successfully capable of estimating total phenolic contents in control processing for quality preservation.
Herpes simplex virus in infancy: Evaluation of national surveillance case capture
Authors: Berkhout Angela , Yeoh Daniel K , Teutsch Suzy , Morris Anne , Nourse Clare , Clark Julia E , Blyth Christopher C , Jones Cheryl A ,   the APSU Neonatal HSV Study Advisory Group
Published: August 2024

AimAs herpes simplex virus (HSV) in infancy is not a mandatory notifiable condition in Australia, completeness of ascertainment by the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) has been difficult to evaluate to date. We evaluated case capture in Queensland (QLD) and Western Australia (WA) using statewide laboratory and clinical data and complementary surveillance data collected via the APSU.MethodsHSV polymerase chain reaction positive results in infants (0–3 months) from 2007 to 2017 were obtained from statewide public pathology providers in QLD and WA. Clinical data were extracted from patient records and compared to APSU reported cases.ResultsA total of 94 cases of HSV disease in infancy (70 QLD; 24 WA) were identified from laboratory data sets, compared to 36 cases (26 QLD; 10 WA) reported to the APSU. In total there was 102 unique cases identified; 28 cases were common to both data sets (seven skin eye mouth (SEM) disease, 13 central nervous system (CNS) disease and eight disseminated disease). Active surveillance captured 35% (36/102) of cases overall including 74% (14/19) of CNS, 71% (10/14) of disseminated and 17% (12/69) of SEM disease cases, respectively. Surveillance reported cases had a higher case‐fatality rate compared to those not reported (14% vs. 3%, P = 0.038). Neurological sequelae at discharge were comparable between the groups.ConclusionActive surveillance captures one third of hospitalised HSV cases in QLD and WA, including the majority with severe disease. However, morbidity and mortality remain high. Future studies on HSV will rely on observational studies. Enhanced case ascertainment through combined laboratory and surveillance data is essential for better understanding and improving outcomes.
What Went Wrong? Israeli Misconceptions And the October 2023 Surprise
Authors: Hitman Gadi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines Israel's failure to prevent Black October, the Hamas invasion that killed more than 1,100 people and sparked the Gaza war. The article synthesizes literatures of security and intelligence to advance three levels at which we must analyze Israel's missteps. The first is the intelligence level, where the state assessed threats. The second is operational, where officials devised military and security solutions, such as relying on technology to police the border with the Gaza Strip. The third level is political‐diplomatic, where the government pursued regional normalization agreements without focusing on solutions to the Palestinian file. Failures at all three levels were intertwined. The examination of these cascading mistakes opens a window into the interactions within and across these levels among military and civilian decision makers, and it suggests how they should be addressed going forward.
Public cancer screening services and participation: What meanings in users' narratives to promote engagement?
Authors: Martino Maria Luisa , Lemmo Daniela , Bianchi Marcella , González Leone Maria Florencia , Donizzetti Anna Rosa , Freda Maria Francesca , Caso Daniela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the effectiveness of cancer screening (CS) in providing timely diagnoses and early treatments, the participation of citizens remains very low in particular in Southern Italy. This study aims to investigate the meanings that intervene in the relationship between the individual and their active participation in CSs within public healthcare. A total of 101 ad hoc semi‐structured interviews were collected with CS users in public service of Campania Region, Italy. The interviews were analyzed through a qualitative–quantitative methodology by T‐Lab software. A cluster analysis and multiple matching analysis were conducted. Findings show five clusters: prevention as a sensory and emotional burden; prevention as a strategy to manage the hereditary risk of death; individual's internal demand for health; the times and places of prevention; and the concreteness of doing prevention; and two factors: from the risk of disease diagnosis to preventive measures and from external healthcare settings to internal self‐care settings. Findings shed light on how to construct better well‐being promotion strategies and foster a subjective health and prevention demand accounting for the continuous experiences of those participating in CSs to encourage greater citizen engagement.
Mitochondrial respiration is essential for photosynthesis‐dependent ATP supply of the plant cytosol
Authors: Vera‐Vives Antoni M. , Novel Piero , Zheng Ke , Tan Shun‐ling , Schwarzländer Markus , Alboresi Alessandro , Morosinotto Tomas 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Plants rely on solar energy to synthesize ATP and NADPH for photosynthetic carbon fixation and all cellular need. Mitochondrial respiration is essential in plants, but this may be due to heterotrophic bottlenecks during plant development or because it is also necessary in photosynthetically active cells.

In this study, we examined in vivo changes of cytosolic ATP concentration in response to light, employing a biosensing strategy in the moss Physcomitrium patens and revealing increased cytosolic ATP concentration caused by photosynthetic activity.

Plants depleted of respiratory Complex I showed decreased cytosolic ATP accumulation, highlighting a critical role of mitochondrial respiration in light‐dependent ATP supply of the cytosol. Consistently, targeting mitochondrial ATP production directly, through the construction of mutants deficient in mitochondrial ATPase (complex V), led to drastic growth reduction, despite only minor alterations in photosynthetic electron transport activity.

Since P. patens is photoautotrophic throughout its development, we conclude that heterotrophic bottlenecks cannot account for the indispensable role of mitochondrial respiration in plants. Instead, our results support that mitochondrial respiration is essential for ATP provision to the cytosol in photosynthesizing cells. Mitochondrial respiration provides metabolic integration, ensuring supply of cytosolic ATP essential for supporting plant growth and development.
Reintroduction strategies for rare arable weeds in agricultural practice and their influence on yield
Authors: Schumacher Matthias , Witty Rosa , Gerhards Roland 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAgricultural intensification and changing landscape structure led to decreasing numbers of arable flora and fauna during the last decades. To counteract these declines, arable plant diversity needs to be restored. It is important to promote regional plant communities including endangered species to ensure adaption to agricultural landscapes. Therefore, this study examines the development of arable plant diversity, crop yield and the reintroduction success of rare arable plants (RAPs) under different practical farming strategies in cereals from 2019 to 2021 in southwestern Germany. Farming strategies varied regarding weed control intensity (none, mechanical, herbicide with and without efficiency gap), fertilisation (mineral and none) and row spacing (12.5 cm and 20 cm). Additionally, two different seed mixtures containing RAP and common species were used for reintroduction: one commercially available and another self‐composed. Reintroduction success was quite high with more than 80% establishment rate. Species numbers doubled in all treatments over time, except the one with herbicide application, with on average 8–10 species emerging from the soil seed bank. Reintroduction of RAP increased arable plant species richness further up to 37 species. The site‐adapted mixture showed in the end a site‐typical weed community. Yield was significantly lower in treatments with reintroduction via sown mixtures and no weed control, losing on average 65% yield. The reintroduction of RAP was successful and accompanied by an increasing floral diversity, however, with a simultaneous yield loss. Financial incentives or subsidies are therefore still necessary to compensate yield loss for reintroduction and conservation efforts.