bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of periodic arrays of silicide nanopillars by using self‐assembled polystyrene nanosphere template and oblique deposition technique
Authors: Suzuki Motofumi , Kaneko Yasuyuki , Nakajima Kaoru , Kimura Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe propose a novel self‐assembly process to fabricate periodic arrays of β‐FeSi2 nanopillars for photonic applications. Self‐assembled monolayers of polystyrene nanospheres (PSNSs) are coated with SiO2 by oblique evaporation at a deposition angle of 70°. After the PSNSs are removed by annealing in air at 650 °C, periodic arrays of SiO2 nanospherical crowns (NSCs) remain. On the NSC template, Si and Fe are deposited alternatively at a deposition angle of 80° and a substrate temperature of 470 °C. Due to the strong shadowing effect, non‐close‐packed nanopillar arrays of β‐FeSi2 are successfully fabricated. Periodic arrays of β‐FeSi2 are useful to manipulate thermal and/or solar radiation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solid evidence for magnetic moment enhancement in micro‐particles of Mn11Si19
Authors: Hammura Kiyotaka , Udono Haruhiko , Aono Tomosuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe study magnetic properties of Mn11Si19 both in a bulk and in a powder (the averaged diameter of particles was about 5 µm) states. The bulk sample was grown using the temperature gradient solution method, and the powder sample was obtained through pounding the bulk sample in a mortar. We measured magnetisation as a function of temperature using a SQUID magnetometer.We found that the bulk sample was paramagnetic while the power sample was soft ferromagnetic. The magni‐ tude of the magnetisation of the powder sample was al‐ most unchanged between5K to 300 K. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Germanium‐doped Czochralski silicon: a novel material for solar cells
Authors: Arivanandhan Mukannan , Raira Gotoh , Fujiwara Kozo , Uda Satoshi , Hayakawa Yasuhiro , Konagai Makoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of Ge codoping on the light induced degradation (LID) of B doped Czochralski‐silicon (CZ‐Si) was investigated. The rate of degradation under illumination is relatively suppressed in B and Ge codoped Czochralski‐silicon (CZ‐Si) compared to B‐doped CZ‐Si. The Oi concentrations measured by FTIR spectroscopy was decreased as the Ge concentration increased in the Si crystal. The formation of Ge‐VO complex in silicon lattice is considered as a possible reason for the variation in Oi. Moreover, the compressive strain field around the Ge‐VO complex may increase the barrier for O diffusion which limits the formation of fast diffusing O dimmers. As a consequence, the B‐O dimmer (O2i) related defects were relatively suppressed, which causes the suppression of LID effect in B and Ge codoped CZ‐Si. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A plug‐and‐play method in an ICT system for monitoring and diagnosing power equipment conditions
Authors: Otani Tetsuo , Katayama Shigeki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPower equipment can be maintained more cost effectively by planning based upon their condition. To estimate the condition of a plant, a number of sensors can be used to measure data such as temperature and pressure, which are then collected by means of an information system along with processes and storage. For this purpose, maintenance staff must install software into the information system each time a sensor is installed; the greater the number of such tasks, the less efficient the maintenance. This paper proposes a method to facilitate the installation of software and thus reduce the burden on maintenance staff. The method proposed manages information with respect to software classes, creates instances from the classes according to sensor detection, and activates them based upon related instance states. Results using an experimental system show that the method works as we expected and also seems to be scalable. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction of a New Policy of no Nighttime Appendectomies: Impact on Appendiceal Perforation Rates and Postoperative Morbidity
Authors: Schnüriger Beat , Laue Jessica , Kröll Dino , Inderbitzin Daniel , Seiler Christian A. , Candinas Daniel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundWorking hour limitations and tight health care budgets have posed significant challenges to emergency surgical services. Since 1 January 2010, surgical interventions at Berne University Hospital between 23:00 and 08:00 h have been restricted to patients with an expected serious adverse outcome if not operated on within 6 h. This study was designed to assess the safety of this new policy that restricts nighttime appendectomies (AEs).MethodsThe patients that underwent AE from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011 (“2010‐2011 group”) were compared retrospectively with patients that underwent AE before introduction of the new policy (1 January 2006–31 December 2009; “2006‐2009 group”).ResultsOverall, 390 patients were analyzed. There were 255 patients in the 2006–2009 group and 135 patients in the 2010–2011 group. Patients’ demographics did not differ statistically between the two study groups; however, 45.9 % of the 2006–2009 group and 18.5 % of the 2010–2011 group were operated between 23:00 and 08:00 h (p < 0.001). The rates of appendiceal perforations and surgical site infections did not differ statistically between the 2006–2009 group and the 2010–2011 group (20 vs. 18.5 %, p = 0.725 and 2 vs. 0 %, p = 0.102). Additionally, no difference was found for the hospital length of stay (3.9 ± 7.4 vs. 3.4 ± 6.0 days, p = 0.586). However, the proportion of patients with an in‐hospital delay of >12 h was significantly greater in the 2010–2011 group than in the 2006–2009 group [55.6 vs. 43.5 %, p = 0.024, odds ratio (95 % confidence interval 1.62 (1.1–2.47)].ConclusionsRestricting AEs from 23:00 to 08:00 h does not increase the perforation rates and occurrence of clinical outcomes. Therefore, these results suggest that appendicitis may be managed safely in a semielective manner.
A Grounded Explanation of Why Women Present with Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Taib Nur Aishah , Yip Cheng Har , Low Wah Yun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground
Advanced breast cancer presentation remains a large obstacle in lowering mortality rates in low‐ and middle‐resource countries. This study aims to explore the reasons why women present with breast cancer at an advanced stage.MethodsPurposive sampling of 19 breast cancer patients presenting with advanced cancer that were diagnosed within 2 years at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In‐depth interviews were conducted, and audio‐recordings were transcribed. Sample size was determined by theoretic sufficiency, and the constructivist grounded theory method was used.ResultsThe reasons for delayed presentation can be displayed in two models. The total breast cancer delay (TBCD) model was derived from the journey of the patients. Four concepts emerged: (1) pluralistic health systems; (2) points of delay; (3) presence of patient or system delays, and (4) patient decision‐making at each stage. Eight points of delay were found. At each point, evidence of a patient decision‐making model emerged: the breast cancer delay explanatory (BCDE) model, which was the process of assessing severity and knowing and choosing options. The four main operational constructs were (1) knowledge on disease and disease outcomes, (2) knowledge of treatment and treatment outcomes, (3) psychological and physical resources and support; and (4) roles in decision‐making.ConclusionsThe phenomenon is explained by the TBCD and BCDE models. Deconstructing why women present with advanced breast cancer and resist treatment provides clarity of the issues and opportunities for intervention.
Using Protamine Can Significantly Reduce the Incidence of Bleeding Complications after Carotid Endarterectomy without Increasing the Risk of Ischemic Cerebral Events
Authors: Mazzalai Franco , Piatto Giacomo , Toniato Antonio , Lorenzetti Renata , Baracchini Claudio , Ballotta Enzo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundControversy persists regarding the use of protamine sulfate (PS) during carotid endarterectomy (CEA), chiefly because of conflicting experiences reporting both less bleeding and a higher stroke risk. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that reversing heparin with PS after CEA significantly reduces the incidence of bleeding complications without increasing the risk of postoperative stroke.MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2012 all consecutive patients undergoing CEA under general anesthesia at our institution received 5,000 U of heparin prior to carotid clamping, which was partially (half‐dose) reversed with PS 25 mg immediately after declamping (group I). Heparinization had never been reversed with PS in earlier CEAs performed from 1998 to 2009 at the same institution (group II). All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively by a neurologist, and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all group I patients to exclude any silent cerebral infarction. End points of the study were bleeding complications, perioperative (30‐day) stroke, and death.ResultsOverall, 219 CEAs (201 patients) were performed in group I, and 1,458 CEAs (1,294 patients) in group II. Demographics, risk factors, and preoperative antiplatelet medication were comparable in the two groups. The incidence of adverse events (group I vs group II) was as follows: stroke (0 vs 0.5 % [8/1,458], p = 0.27); death (0 vs 0 %); neck bleeding (0 vs 8.2 % [120/1,458], p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrate that (1) partially neutralizing heparin with PS after CEA can significantly reduce the risk of bleeding complications, and (2) there is no association between the administration of PS and the incidence of postoperative stroke.
Tissue Expander‐Assisted Ventral Hernia Repair for the Skin‐Grafted Damage Control Abdomen
Authors: Carr John Alfred 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurposeTo describe a novel technique using tissue expanders that allows skin coverage over large ventral hernia repairs after damage control laparotomy, including patients with stomas.MethodsA retrospective study of a single author’s experience with the technique.ResultsTissue expanders were placed in the lateral abdominal wall skin adjacent to stomas and expanded over a short 6‐week course. The expanders successfully stretched the skin to provide coverage over the large ventral hernia mesh repairs without infectious complications.ConclusionsThe described technique is well tolerated by patients and very useful to provide skin coverage over large ventral hernia defects without infectious complications.
Bacterial community dynamics in a rotating biological contactor treating 2-fluorophenol-containing wastewater
Authors: Duque Anouk F , Bessa Vânia S , Castro Paula M L 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
One of the main factors affecting the performance of rotating biological contactors (RBC) is the biofilm characteristics. Therefore, a deep understanding of the microbial population dynamics and structure of the biofilm is mandatory if optimization of organic matter and nutrients removal is targeted. This study focused on the effects of organic shock loads of 2-fluorophenol (2-FP) on the microbial diversity present in an RBC biofilm. The RBC was seeded with activated sludge from a conventional wastewater treatment plant and was operated during 496 days. During the first 126 days, the RBC was subjected to intermittent 2-FP shocks of 25 mg l−1 and no degradation occurred. Therefore, the reactor was subsequently augmented with a 2-FP-degrading strain (FP1). Afterwards, the RBC had a stable performance when subjected to 2-FP shocks up to 50 mg l−1 and to a starvation period, as indicated by removal of the compound. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed large shifts in microbial communities present in the first and fifth stages, although no clear relation between the sample collection time and spatial factor was found. Phylogenetic affiliation of some predominant members was assessed by direct sequencing of correspondent DGGE bands. Affiliations to α-, β- and δ-Proteobacteria were found. Several bacterial strains isolated from the reactor showed capacity for 2-FP degradation. Strain FP1 was successfully recovered from the biofilm by plating and by DGGE, reinforcing that bioaugmentation was successfully achieved.
A European survey on awareness of post-surgical adhesions among gynaecological surgeons
Authors: Wallwiener Markus , Koninckx Philippe Robert , Hackethal Andreas , Brölmann Hans , Lundorff Per , Mara Michal , Wattiez Arnaud , De Wilde Rudy Leon ,   for The Anti-Adhesions in Gynecology Expert Panel (ANGEL)
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present survey was conducted among gynaecological surgeons from several European countries to assess the actual knowledge and practice related to post-surgical adhesions and measures for reduction. From September 1, 2012 to February 6, 2013, gynaecological surgeons were invited to answer an 18-item online questionnaire accessible through the ESGE website. This questionnaire contained eight questions on care settings and surgical practice and ten questions on adhesion formation and adhesion reduction. Four hundred fourteen surgeons participated; 70.8 % agreed that adhesions are a source of major morbidity. About half of them declared that adhesions represented an important part of their daily medical and surgical work. About two thirds informed their patients about the risk of adhesion. Most cited causes of adhesions were abdominal infections and extensive tissue trauma, and endometriosis and myomectomy surgery. Fewer surgeons expected adhesion formation after laparoscopy (18.9 %) than after laparotomy (40.8 %); 60 % knew the surgical techniques recommended to reduce adhesions; only 44.3 % used adhesion-reduction agents on a regular basis. This survey gives a broad picture of adhesion awareness amongst European gynaecological surgeons, mainly from Germany and the UK. The participants had a good knowledge of factors causing adhesions. Knowledge of surgical techniques recommended and use of anti-adhesion agents developed to reduce adhesions need to be improved.
Nematic–isotropic phase transition in turbulent thermal convection
Authors: Weiss Stephan , Ahlers Guenter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report on turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection of a nematic liquid crystal while it undergoes a transition from the nematic to the isotropic phase in a cylindrical convection cell with a height equal to twice the diameter (aspect ratio $\Gamma = 0. 50$). The difference between the top and bottom plate temperature $ \mathrm{\Delta} T= {T}_{b} - {T}_{t} $ was held constant, while the average temperature ${T}_{m} = ({T}_{b} + {T}_{t} )/ 2$ was varied. There was a significant increase of the transported heat when the phase transition temperature ${T}_{NI} $ was between ${T}_{b} $ and ${T}_{t} $. Measurements of the temperatures along the sidewall of the sample as a function of ${T}_{m} $ showed several ranges with qualitatively different behaviour of quantities such as the time-averaged sidewall temperature, temperature gradient, or temperature fluctuations. We interpret these different ranges in terms of properties of the thermal boundary layers close to the top and bottom plates whose stability and nature depends on the location within the sample of ${T}_{NI} $.
A NOTE ON THE DIOPHANTINE EQUATION
Authors: TERAI NOBUHIRO 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLet $q$ be an odd prime such that ${q}^{t} + 1= 2{c}^{s} $, where $c, t$ are positive integers and $s= 1, 2$. We show that the Diophantine equation ${x}^{2} + {q}^{m} = {c}^{n} $ has only the positive integer solution $(x, m, n)= ({c}^{s} - 1, t, 2s)$ under some conditions. The proof is based on elementary methods and a result concerning the Diophantine equation $({x}^{n} - 1)/ (x- 1)= {y}^{2} $ due to Ljunggren. We also verify that when $2\leq c\leq 30$ with $c\not = 12, 24$, the Diophantine equation ${x}^{2} + \mathop{(2c- 1)}\nolimits ^{m} = {c}^{n} $ has only the positive integer solution $(x, m, n)= (c- 1, 1, 2). $
Milk minerals modify the effect of fat intake on serum lipid profile: results from an animal and a human short-term study
Authors: Lorenzen Janne K. , Jensen Søren K. , Astrup Arne 
Published: November 2013

Despite a high content of saturated fat, evidence from observational studies indicates that the consumption of dairy products may have a neutral effect or may be inversely associated with the risk of CVD. We aimed to examine whether milk minerals modify the effect of saturated fat on serum lipid profile. We present data from two studies. Study I had a randomised, blinded, parallel design (n24 pigs) with a 10 d adaptation period during which a high-fat diet was fed to the pigs and a 14 d intervention period during which the same diet either enriched with milk minerals (MM group) or placebo (control group) was fed to the pigs. Study II had a randomised cross-over design (n9 men) where the subjects were fed either a high-fat diet enriched with milk minerals (MM period) or a regular diet (control period). In both the studies, blood variables were measured before and after the intervention and faecal and urine samples were collected at the end of the dietary periods. The increase in plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but not in HDL-cholesterol concentration was markedly lowered by milk minerals in both the studies. In the animal study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the MM group were 11 % (P= 0·004) and 13 % (P= 0·03) lower compared with those in the control group after the intervention. Similarly in the human study, baseline adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were 6 % (P= 0·002) and 9 % (P= 0·03) lower after the MM period compared with those in the control period. HDL-cholesterol concentration was not lowered by milk minerals. These short-term studies indicate that the addition of milk minerals to a high-fat diet to some extent attenuates the increase in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, without affecting HDL-cholesterol concentration.
Palaeoenvironmental changes at Col des Tribes (Montagne Noire, France), a reference section for the Famennian of north Gondwana-related areas
Authors: GIRARD CATHERINE , CORNÉE JEAN-JACQUES , CORRADINI CARLO , FRAVALO AURÉLIEN , FEIST RAIMUND 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present detailed biostratigraphy based on conodonts and palaeoenvironmental trends deduced from microfacies and conodont abundance through the Famennian (Late Devonian) at Col des Tribes (Montagne Noire, France). The succession is characterized by micritic limestones deposited in settings oscillating between mid to outer ramp. Facies contain poor fauna, widely dominated by nektonic organisms. This section is complete and one of the most conodont-rich for the Famennian of the north Gondwana-related area. The Upper Kellwasser event (Frasnian–Famennian boundary) and the Hangenberg (Devonian–Carboniferous boundary) have been lithologically identified. They are characterized by decimetre-thick black dysoxic to anoxic argillaceous sediments. The Condroz andannulataevents, although not materialized by lithological changes, have been positioned due to the precise stratigraphy. The first event occurred during the deposition of condensed ferruginous facies (griotte limestones) and the second event during the deposition of micrites barren of benthic fauna. The combination of information from both facies and conodont biofacies changes allows a general sea-level curve through the entire Famennian for north Gondwana to be proposed for the first time. At Col des Tribes, the general trend is a slight deepening upwards fromtriangularistotrachyterazones, then a pronounced shallowing-upwards trend from uppertrachyteratopraesulcatazones. This curve correlates with the well-known reference curve from Euramerica concerning the late Famennian (trachyteratopraesulcataZones). There are some discrepancies in minor cycles which can be explained by tectonical phenomena at the onset of the edification of the Variscan belt in Europe.
Conservation of the red-shanked doucPygathrix nemaeusin Lao People's Democratic Republic: density estimates based on distance sampling and habitat suitability modelling
Authors: Coudrat C. N. Z. , Nanthavong C. , Nekaris K. A. I. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Endangered red-shanked doucPygathrix nemaeusis a charismatic Asian colobine endemic to Vietnam, Cambodia and Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). The largest population is found in central-eastern Lao PDR but it has never been quantified. We conducted line-transect surveys in Nakai–Nam Theun National Protected Area in 2011–2012. We used distance sampling combined with a habitat suitability model to estimate group density and group abundance in the area. Our analysis yielded a density of 2.8 (range 1.9–4.1) groups per km2and c. 4,420 groups within the predicted c. 1,600 km2of suitable habitat in Nakai–Nam Theun. These are the only available data forP. nemaeusin Lao PDR to date. We discuss the limitations of our survey, which involved potential violations of the distance sampling method, and highlight the challenges of using this method for primates. We also consider the importance of assessing limitations in distance sampling studies, to evaluate reliability and facilitate comparisons. The population ofP. nemaeusin Lao PDR is under threat from illegal hunting and is not the focus of any specific conservation action. To avoid a repetition of the decline the species has already experienced in Vietnam, and to secure the species' global survival, conservation projects need to target the population in Nakai–Nam Theun. A long-term conservation and research project in this key biodiversity area will also benefit other threatened and unique co-existing species.
The acquisition of accusative object clitics by IA children from China: Evidence of early age effects?
Authors: DELCENSERIE AUDREY , GENESEE FRED 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study compared the performance of twenty-seven French-speaking internationally adopted (IA) children from China to that of twenty-seven monolingual non-adopted French-speaking children (CTL) matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status on a Clitic Elicitation task. The IA children omitted significantly more accusative object clitics and made significantly more agreement errors using clitics than the CTL children. No other significant differences were found between the groups. The findings suggest that the adoptees may experience difficulties in morphosyntactic development possibly as a result of their delayed exposure to the adopted language.