bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presenting a CBR Estimation Model and Compaction Characteristics of Base Layer of Pavement Using a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) Test
Authors: Elyasi Mohammad Reza , Daryaee Daryoosh , Sarabi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In general, the basis of any type of management decision-making system is a correct evaluation of the current situation, future prediction, and finally optimal decision-making. There are various field methods for road pavement evaluation, among which are destructive and nondestructive methods. One of the nondestructive testing methods is dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) testing. The main objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using DCP to control the quality of pavement layers and estimate parameters such as California bearing ratio (CBR) and compaction ratio. For this purpose, DCP, CBR tests, and determination of density percentage have been used as parameters used to control the quality of pavement layers. The dynamic resistance meter or DCP is a device that is used to quickly measure the resistance of different pavement layers. This device causes a small destruction on the surface. Hence, it is also called nondestructive testing. However, to use DCP, it is necessary to measure its results with the results of prevalent and widely used tests such as CBR and to examine their relationships. In this research, the DCP, CBR, density, sieve analysis, moisture content, and Atterberg limit tests were performed on two locations (a highway under construction and a landscaping project). Then, the results of the DCP test with CBR and soil compaction ratio (R) in two different locations were investigated and the relationships between these parameters were determined. The results showed that there is a good relationship statistically between DCP and CBR parameters in both locations. Also, for the first time, a very good correlation between the R parameter and the results of the dynamic penetrometer cone test was obtained. The observations represented that the correlation coefficients are higher than 0.9 in the highway location, which had well-graded soil in comparison with the landscaping project.
Phase Stability Evaluation of Highly Modified Asphalt with High Vinyl Content Copolymer
Authors: Manfro Alexandre Luiz , Melo João Victor Staub de , Barra Breno Salgado 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated whether use of a high-vinyl styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer can provide adequate phase stability to highly modified asphalt (HiMA). An asphalt binder was modified with 7.5 % high-vinyl SBS to produce HiMA. A conventional polymer-modified asphalt was produced with 4 % SBS without vinyl and, together with the base asphalt, considered as reference samples. In the first phase, samples were analyzed considering unaged and short-term aged conditions. The experimental procedure analyzed binder morphology using fluorescence microscopy and determined chemical functional groups through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Rheological behavior at intermediate temperatures was evaluated concerning dynamic shear modulus, phase angle, and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests at 20°C. High-temperature properties, including apparent viscosity, performance grade, aging index, and multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test, were also assessed. In the second phase, unaged asphalt binders were subjected to storage stability test, and the top and bottom sections were evaluated through fluorescence microscopy, FTIR, LAS, and MSCR tests. The samples with 7.5 % high vinyl SBS exhibited enhanced fatigue tolerance in the LAS test compared to base asphalt (14.35 times higher at 15 % shear strain) and samples with 4 % SBS without vinyl (6.62 times higher at 15 % shear strain). Additionally, it displayed superior resistance to deformation accumulation at high temperatures (ε10 parameter from MSCR) compared to base asphalt (99.65 % smaller at 64°C) and samples with 4 % SBS without vinyl (93.05 % smaller at 64°C). However, the storage stability of the asphalt samples with 7.5 % high vinyl SBS was compromised due to phase separation, severely impacting the rheological performance at intermediate and high temperatures. It was concluded that the incorporation of high levels positively impacts mechanical/rheological performance, but the molecular characteristics of the high vinyl SBS are not capable of providing adequate storage stability at a content of 7.5 %.
Application of the Phase Spectrum of Impact Echo in the Detection of Grouting Defects in the Tendon Ducts
Authors: Chai Wenhao , Yang Yaxun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The impact-echo method is widely used to detect grouting defects within prestressed concrete tendon ducts. However, when the distance from the rebar to the test surface was half the depth from the defect to the test surface, the amplitude spectrum of the conventional fast Fourier transform failed to distinguish between internal defects in tendon ducts and external rebar. To overcome this challenge, in this paper, the phase spectrum and amplitude spectrum were combined to identify the internal defects and external rebar of the tendon ducts. First, the amplitude spectrum was used to determine the depth of defects and rebar, and then the phase spectrum was used to further determine the category of the reflected interface (defect interface or rebar interface). The feasibility of the method was verified by model tests and numerical simulations. Afterward, the effects of impact duration, sampling time, the size of defect, duct thickness, rebar, and defect burial depth on the phase of the impact echo were analyzed. The results show that the proposed method can identify the internal defects in the tendon ducts and rebars very well.
Flexural Performance and Failure Mechanism of High-Strength Coral Sand Reinforced Concrete Slab by Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Shang Kai , Chen Xudong , Shi Dandan , Wu Wenwen , Wang Ningning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Coral sand is very important to the construction of coastal defense engineering, and the research of coral sand concrete slabs is also in the initial stage. To investigate the mechanical properties of high-strength coral sand reinforced concrete slab (HSCSRCS), a four-point flexural loading test was carried out for three kinds of components with different reinforcement ratios. The test results actually showed that the HSCSRCS components prepared by the optimized mix ratio and the process had the characteristics of high strength, large brittleness, and high bearing capacity, and the cracking load of HSCSRCS components was large at 30 % of the ultimate bearing capacity because of the pore filling inside the concrete aggregate. The damage process of HSCSRCS could be divided into four stages, representing the primary pressure, cracking, flexural loading, and damage stage, and the mechanical properties were relatively stable because of the broken internal particles and continuous pore filling. The initial crack of the component was mainly caused by sliding and rotation of the particles at the bottom of the loading point plate along the structural surface, which gradually expanded from the middle area to the four corners of the plate, and the distribution mode was dense at the bottom of the loading points and sparse at other areas. ANSYS finite element analysis program was used for modeling and solving, which showed that the simulation results of cracking load, bearing capacity, load-displacement curve, and stress cloud map are consistent with the actual experiment results.
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Strip Footing Behavior on Geogrid-Reinforced Embankment Resting on Soft Soil
Authors: Nandi Baishali , Bhowmik Debjit , Hussain Monowar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study aims to assess the impact of geogrid reinforcement on embankments over soft soil subjected to strip loading through experimental and finite element method–based numerical analyses. Various factors, including footing location, geogrid depth, length, and the number of layers, were systematically varied to evaluate their influences on the bearing capacity of strip footing on top of slope. The study shows that an increase of up to 75 % in bearing capacity was observed for the reinforced slopes with the use of multiple geogrid layers at optimum depths and lengths. Further, the optimum number of geogrid layers is contingent upon the footing location. Moreover, the effectiveness of single basal reinforcement for different footing locations and dimensions was explored, and an improvement of up to 34.5 % was observed in bearing capacity. Further, the results indicate that effective improvement in bearing capacity through basal reinforcement is only possible when the failure zone penetrates the interface between the embankment and base soil. Otherwise, the use of multiple layers of reinforcement at shallower depths is proved to be more effective.
Evaluation of Precision Statements for Physio-mechanical Characterization Tests on GFRP Bars
Authors: Vega Camilo , Zahoor Yameen , Palacios Juan , De Caso Francisco , Nanni Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars are composite materials that, in the field of civil engineering, serve as an alternative for the internal steel reinforcement of concrete structures. The study and development of these material systems in construction are relatively new, requiring targeted research and development to achieve greater adoption. In this scenario, research and standardization play crucial roles. The development and publication of new test methods, material specifications, and other standards, as well as the improvement of the existing ones, allow for quality control, validation, and acceptance. One of these improvements is the evaluation of precision statements of the different ASTM standards related to the physical-mechanical and durability characterization of GFRP bars used as internal concrete reinforcement. Precision refers to how closely test results obtained under specific conditions agree with each other. A precision statement allows potential users to assess the test method’s general suitability for their intended applications. It should provide guidance on the type of variation that can be expected between test results when the method is used in one or more competent laboratories. The present study aims to enhance the precision statements in ASTM standards pertaining to the geometric, material, mechanical, and physical properties required for GFRP bars in concrete reinforcement, including ASTM standards like ASTM D7205M-21, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars; ASTM D7617M-11(2017), Standard Test Method for Transverse Shear Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars; and ASTM D7913M-14(2020), Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars to Concrete by Pullout Testing, while in accordance with the statistical procedures and calculation methods outlined in ASTM Practices ASTM E177-20, Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods, and ASTM E691-22, Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method.
Assisting Load Rating Testing of Precast Reinforced Concrete Bridge Slab through Digital Twins and Field Monitoring Data
Authors: Ai Li , K C Laxman , Elbatanouny Elhussien , Henderson Alexander , Ziehl Paul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bridges deteriorate over time because of factors like rebar corrosion and concrete damage, reducing their load-bearing capacity. Traditional load grading processes are costly and time-consuming, often resulting in traffic disruptions of one to four days because of lane closures. This study introduced a load rating technique leveraging digital twins technology. Data related to crack evolution and inherent strain during loading were obtained by monitoring the laboratory bridge slabs using potentiometers, strain gauges, and fiber optic sensors. Subsequently, a calibrated three-dimensional finite element model, representing different loading scenarios, was crafted, forming the foundation for the digital twins model of bridge slabs. The slab model was then integrated into a bridge span, constituting a digital twins model of the bridge span for load rating tests. The developed digital twins model was applied to a bridge in Abbeville, South Carolina, and its accuracy was validated with field monitoring data.
John Locke a partir de John Locke: algo contra as incompreensões acerca de suas ideias
Authors: Taporosky Filho Paulo Silas 
Published: July 2024

Resumo: John Locke foi um importante pensador que contribuiu para a elaboração da teoria contratualista do Estado. Construída de um modo próprio, Locke estipulou uma origem hipotética do Estado, explanando sobre o estado de natureza enquanto base das comunidades que passariam a se agrupar enquanto Estado propriamente dito. Há dentre as suas ideias uma ampla defesa da propriedade privada, razão pela qual recebe ainda hoje algumas críticas que aqui se entende descabidas. Ao se ler Locke na própria fonte, uma maior compreensão de sua teoria se faz presente, ensejando na possibilidade de superar alguns equívocos interpretativos acerca de suas ideias. Daí é que o estudo de Locke, a partir do próprio Locke, é medida necessária para que se possa compreender de fato de que modo a sua defesa da propriedade é feita, conferindo ao pensador o crédito devido e, mesmo quando das críticas, que estas tenham uma substância concreta.Palavras-chave: John Locke. Teoria contratualista. Propriedade. Abstract: John Locke was an important thinker who contributed to the elaboration of the contractual theory of the State. Locke stipulated a hypothetical origin of the State, explaining the state of nature as the basis of the communities that would come to group together as a proper State. Among his ideas is a broad defense of private property, which is why he still receives some criticisms that are understood here as misunderstandings. By reading Locke in his own source, a greater understanding of his theory is reached, giving rise to the possibility of overcoming some interpretive misconceptions about his ideas. Hence Locke’s study of Locke himself is a necessary measure in order to really understand how his defense of property is made, giving the thinker the due credit, and even when criticized, that these criticisms may have a concrete substance.Keywords: John Locke. Contractual theory. Property. Sumário: Introdução. 1. Ler Locke a partir de Locke para compreendê-lo. 2. Um clássico precursor da filosofia política. 3. Justiça seja feita para Locke: sua importância e a defesa da propriedade privada reconhecida pelo estado. Considerações Finais.
Mediação no Processo do Trabalho
Authors: Ellwanger Carolina , Koury Bruna Lucchesi 
Published: July 2024

Resumo: O método da mediação foi trazido como fase processual com o Código de Processo Civil de 2015. É considerado meio adequado de resolução de conflitos e objetiva o tratamento dos conflitos por parte das partes com o auxílio de um terceiro, que irá aplicar técnicas de acordo com cada caso concreto. O estudo aborda a possibilidade de aplicação e as consequências da mediação como ferramenta no tratamento de conflitos no âmbito do Direito Processual do Trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica somada a uma análise sobre a aplicação da mediação no âmbito do sistema judiciário brasileiro. Apesar da existência de Instrução Normativa do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, entende-se que há mecanismos legais que autorizam a utilização, bem como fortes indicativos de benefícios que essa aplicação poderia gerar.Palavras-chave: Mediação; Resolução de Conflitos; Direito Processual do Trabalho. Abstract: The mediation method was brought as a procedural step with the Code of Civil Procedure of 2015. It is considered an adequate means of conflict resolution with the intention that the parties seek the treatment of conflicts with the help of a third party who will apply settlement techniques to each case. The study addresses the possibility of application and the consequences of mediation as a tool in the treatment of conflicts within the scope of Labor Procedural Law. This is a bibliographical review research with the addition of an analysis of the application of mediation within the Brazilian judicial system. Despite the existence of Normative Instruction of the Superior Labor Court, it is understood that there are legal mechanisms that authorize the use, as well as strong indications of benefits that this application could generate.Keywords: Mediation; Conflict resolution; Labor Procedural Law. Sumário: Introdução. 1. Mediação. 1.1. Resolução Nº 125/2010 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça. 1.2. Princípios da mediação. 1.3. Audiência de mediação. 1.4. Técnicas da mediação. 2. Direito Processual do Trabalho. 2.1. Os órgãos criados para soluções de conflitos no Direito do Trabalho. 2.2. Audiência inicial no processo do trabalho: a busca pelo acordo. 3. Aplicação da mediação no Direito Processual do Trabalho. 3.1. O art. 15 do novo Código de Processo Civil e a aplicação “supletiva” e “subsidiária” no processo do trabalho. 3.2. O art. 15 do Código de Processo Civil de 2015 à luz da instrução normativa nº 39/2016, do TST. Conclusão. Referências.
WORD-TARGET AND PLEASURE READING: EXPLORING EXTERNAL MOTIVATION IN L2 READING
Authors: Paradita Lanoke Intan , Hunafa Nurul , Surwanti Dita , Sari Mariska Intan , Ardianto Puthut 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis preliminary study explores external motivation in L2 extensive reading regarding word-target and pleasure reading. In contrast to the extensive reading principle which discourages the use of assessment to promote pleasure in reading, this study aims to explore how reading targets as one form of assessment is potential to maintain pleasure in reading. This qualitative study was conducted in the Department of Arabic Education at an Islamic private university in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Two reading classes for first-year students were observed. The data were collected from observation, interviews, and students’ reading profiles as recorded in XReading, a learning management system supporting students’ reading practice. The results show that the students use the reading target as an external drive to read and XReading allows students to choose the texts according to their preference and within their linguistic capacity, which instills pleasure in reading. The findings also suggest that a periodical goal and regular teacher monitoring will motivate students to sustain their reading progress. ABSTRAKStudi pendahuluan ini mengeksplorasi motivasi eksternal dalam membaca ekstensif dalam bahasa asing, terutama terkait dengan target kata dan kesenangan membaca. Berbeda dengan prinsip membaca ekstensif yang secara umum tidak menyarankan adanya asesmen untuk mendorong kesenangan membaca, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana target membaca justru menjadi salah satu asesmen yang berpotensi untuk menjaga kesenangan membaca. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab di salah satu universitas swasta di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Observasi dilakukan di dua kelas mahasiswa tahun pertama. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data observasi, interview, profil membaca mahasiswa yang terekam dalam XReading, sebuah learning management system yang digunakan mahasiswa untuk mendukung praktek membaca ekstensif mereka. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa menggunakan target membaca sebagai dorongan eksternal untuk membaca dan XReading memberikan ruang pada mahasiswa untuk memilih bacaan sesuai dengan pilihan dan kemampuan linguistik mereka, yang menguatkan kesenangan mereka dalam membaca. Temuan dalam penelitian ini juga menyarankan adanya gol bacaan dan monitoring dosen secara berkala untuk memotivasi mahasiswa dalam mempertahankan progres membacanya.How to Cite: Paradita, L.I, Surwanti, D., Hunafa, N.. Sari, M.I., & Ardianto, P. (2023). Word-target and Pleasure Reading: Exploring External Motivation in L2 Reading. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 10(2), 487-502. doi:10.15408/ijee.v10i2.35426.
The investigation of ninth–eleventh century burials from Himod (NW Hungary)
Authors: Rácz Piroska , Langó Péter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents the results of a classic physical anthropological and paleopathological study of the early medieval human bone material from the Himod-Káposztáskertek site. A smaller part of the graves can be dated to the ninth century but the majority of graves dates to the tenth–eleventh century. Since the possibility of population continuity was raised, the archaeological data related to the question were also reviewed (with special emphasis on the typology of a knife found in Grave 68), with the intent of seeing whether the anthropological data supported this hypothesis. Both samples represent only a small number of cases and the remains are poorly preserved. The ninth century series especially provided very little data, ultimately making comparison impossible. The remains of 25 individuals were found in the Carolingian cemetery section: childburials number 15, the juvenile age group is not represented by any skeletons, there are ten adult burials (4 males, 5 females, 1 of undeterminable sex). The skeletons from 87 individuals were excavated from the tenth–eleventh century section of the cemetery, of which 25 were children, 5 were juveniles, and 57 were adults (29 males, 28 females). For both men and women, people of tall stature form the majority; male skulls are characterized by large absolute dimensions, mainly a broad forehead and a broad face. Fractures, degenerative changes of the spine and extravertebral joints (especially the elbow joint) were common. Tuberculosis infection was suspected in the case of one individual. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease with bilateral involvement and a rare developmental disorder, congenital scoliosis, occurred in the material as well.
Additional notes on a new book about the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century: Timo Stickler and Umberto Roberto (Hrsg.), Weströmische Reich und seine Erforschung. Neue Perspektiven. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2024
Authors: Kovács Péter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn his paper the author deals with the contributions of a new volume on the history of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century and added several additional notes to each paper. As several papers studied the relationship of Ravenna and Attila the Hun the author examined the written sources concerning the Huns in detail and came to the conclusion that there was only one foedus concluded with Attila after 433 and Pannonia was ceded to the Huns in this treaty. Attila was formally the magister militum of the Western Roman Empire.
Henry Notaker: Fra Kalvedans til bankediff. Norske kokebøker til 1951. Historie og bibliografi
Authors: Jaine Tom 
Published: July 2024

Henry Notaker: Fra Kalvedans til bankediff. Norske kokebøker til 1951. Historie og bibliografi. Norwegian cookbooks until 1951. History and bibliography: Nasjonalbiblioteket, Oslo, 2001: ISBN 82-7965-037-7: 290 pp., colour illus., p/b, no price given.