bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial benign chronic pemphigus and doxycycline: a review of 6 cases
Authors: Le Saché‐de Peufeilhoux L. , Raynaud E. , Bouchardeau A. , Fraitag S. , Bodemer C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground  Hailey‐Hailey disease (HHD) or familial benign chronic pemphigus is a rare autosomal dominant inherited skin disorder, characterized by flaccid vesicles and erosions on the intertriginous areas. Current treatments are not particularly effective. We report 6 cases dramatically improving with doxycycline.Case reports  6 patients, aged from 33 to 77 years old, presented with a variable 4 to 40 year history of severe treatment‐resistant HHD. All 6 patients were then treated successfully with doxycycline 100 mg per day for at least 3 months.Discussion  An improvement was observed in all 6 patients from 1 week to 3 months after the beginning of treatment. Relapses were observed after various periods. Maintenance half‐dose therapy seemed to be beneficial in patients experiencing recurrence. Only one patient developed gastro‐intestinal intolerance. No other side effects were reported. Currently, 2 patients have improved and present a decreased number of exacerbations, 2 others are in complete remission after more than 5 years of follow‐up. Treatment efficiency is difficult to evaluate in HHD as it is a rare condition. No controlled studies have been published. Local treatments may improve inflammation but do not treat the underlying cause, targeted systemic therapies exist but there is little evidence supporting their use, physical treatments are cumbersome. Besides their antibiotic potential, tetracycline antibiotics also have anti‐inflammatory properties and anticollagenase activity via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases.Conclusions  Doxycycline appears to be an interesting therapeutic option in Hailey‐Hailey disease.
Effect of Roasting and Boiling on the Content of Vicine, Convicine and L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine in Vicia fabaL.
Authors: Cardador‐Martínez Anaberta , Maya‐Ocaña Karina , Ortiz‐Moreno Alicia , Herrera‐Cabrera Braulio E. , Dávila‐Ortiz G. , Múzquiz Mercedes , Martín‐Pedrosa Mercedes , Burbano Carmen , Cuadrado Carmen , Jiménez‐Martínez Cristian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe pyrimidine glycosides, vicine and convicine, are compounds of the genus Vicia, whereas their aglycone derivatives, divicine and isouramil, are responsible for favism occurrence, and L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA) is a nonprotein amino acid precursor of dopamine in healthy neurons. The present work evaluated the effect of thermal treatment, which consisted of roasting and boiling, on the content of vicine, convicine and L‐DOPA in mature cotyledons of 10 varieties of Mexican Vicia faba L. and determined the concentration of glycosides and L‐DOPA by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The raw cotyledons showed 2.88–6.10, 0.63–1.68 and 0.28–0.44 vicine, convicine and L‐DOPA, respectively. The 12 and 40% and 30 and 61% decrease in vicine and convicine content, respectively, were observed to be the effect of roasting and boiling the samples. L‐DOPA was totally removed by both thermal processes. In all analyzed samples, vicine was the main compound; however, there were significant differences between varieties and thermal treatments.Practical ApplicationsVicine and convicine glycosides are strongly implicated in favism, a hemolytic anemia in humans, and in poor performance of laying hens. There are reports of decreased egg weight, increase in the fragility of the yolk and a number of blood stains, and decreased fertility and hatchability of eggs. The characterization of new varieties of faba bean in their content of potentially toxic glycosides allows selection of those with the lowest possible content of such compounds. Also, the application of heat treatments that reduce glycosides will allow the use of seeds or flour to develop harmless food and feed ingredients.
Physical Properties of Gluten‐Free Donuts
Authors: Melito Helen , Farkas Brian E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGluten intolerance and wheat allergy are becoming more prevalent in the American population. Treatment for either condition is complete avoidance of wheat‐ and gluten‐containing products. Little work has been performed on gluten‐free (GF) fried foods, such as donuts. Thus, this study examined instrumental and sensory properties of GF yeast donuts in comparison to wheat yeast donuts. Eight different GF donut formulations were evaluated via instrumental and sensory analysis. Statistical analysis (α = 0.05) showed that most GF donuts had significantly lower fat content (26.3–32.2%) than the wheat control (33.7%). A higher ratio of commercial GF flour to rice flour resulted in higher fat content and mechanical properties closer to those of the wheat control compared with a lower ratio. Although GF donuts had significantly lower sensory acceptance scores than wheat donuts, several formulations yielded GF donuts with similar instrumental properties and lower fat content than the wheat control.Practical ApplicationsThis work yielded a gluten‐free donut formulation that produced donuts with similar mechanical properties to wheat donuts, but with a lower fat content. These results show that gluten‐free flours may be used in combination with wheat flour to produce donuts with lower fat content without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the donuts. In addition, a commercial gluten‐free donut product is not currently available, and this work makes strides toward a final formulation for this type of product.
X‐ray fluorescence analysis of iron and manganese distribution in primary dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Dučić Tanja , Barski Elisabeth , Salome Murielle , Koch Jan C. , Bähr Mathias , Lingor Paul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTransition metals have been suggested to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. X‐ray microscopy combined with a cryogenic setup is a powerful method for elemental imaging in low concentrations and high resolution in intact cells, eliminating the need for fixation and sectioning of the specimen. Here, we performed an elemental distribution analysis in cultured primary midbrain neurons with a step size in the order of 300 nm and ~ 0.1 ppm sensitivity under cryo conditions by using X‐ray fluorescence microscopy. We report the elemental mappings on the subcellular level in primary mouse dopaminergic (DAergic) and non‐DAergic neurons after treatment with transition metals. Application of Fe2+ resulted in largely extracellular accumulation of iron without preference for the neuronal transmitter subtype. A quantification of different Fe oxidation states was performed using X‐ray absorption near edge structure analysis. After treatment with Mn2+, a cytoplasmic/paranuclear localization of Mn was observed preferentially in DAergic neurons, while no prominent signal was detectable after Mn3+ treatment. Immunocytochemical analysis correlated the preferential Mn uptake to increased expression of voltage‐gated calcium channels in DAergic neurons. We discuss the implications of this differential elemental distribution for the selective vulnerability of DAergic neurons and Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.
Validation of anamnestic diagnostic criteria for recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Baccaglini Lorena , Theriaque Douglas W. , Shuster Jonathan J. , Serrano Giselle , Lalla Rajesh V. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by painful recurrent oral ulcers and is typically diagnosed via history and clinical examination. Our aim was to validate a set of anamnestic diagnostic criteria (RASDX) to increase the accuracy of RAS diagnosis, particularly when a clinical examination is not feasible.MethodsParticipants were enrolled during an unmatched case–control study. RASDX consisted of an initial phone screening using standardized questionnaires and recognition of RAS photographs in the clinic. The proportion of agreement with an examination by an oral medicine expert was calculated.ResultsA total of 115 participants were scheduled for a clinical diagnostic visit and 11 were withdrawn. The remaining 104 participants were aged 18–50 years, 54% women, 64% White and 20% Hispanic. Of these, all 49 controls with negative RASDX had no clinical ulcers. Of the 54 cases diagnosed with RAS by RASDX, 53 were clinically confirmed to have RAS lesions (99% agreement; exact one‐sided 95% CI = 95–100%).ConclusionsRASDX, based on a combination of history and photograph recognition, was highly accurate compared with a diagnosis that employed an oral examination.
Tapping into yeast diversity
Authors: Fay Justin C. 
Published: October 2012

Domesticated organisms demonstrate our capacity to influence wild species but also provide us with the opportunity to understand rapid evolution in the context of substantially altered environments and novel selective pressures. Recent advances in genetics and genomics have brought unprecedented insights into the domestication of many organisms and have opened new avenues for further improvements to be made. Yet, our ability to engineer biological systems is not without limits; genetic manipulation is often quite difficult. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is not only one of the most powerful model organisms, but is also the premier producer of fermented foods and beverages around the globe. As a model system, it entertains a hefty workforce dedicated to deciphering its genome and the function it encodes at a rich mechanistic level. As a producer, it is used to make leavened bread, and dozens of different alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine. Yet, applying the awesome power of yeast genetics to understanding its origins and evolution requires some knowledge of its wild ancestors and the environments from which they were derived. A number of surprisingly diverse lineages of S. cerevisiae from both primeval and secondary forests in China have been discovered by Wang and his colleagues. These lineages substantially expand our knowledge of wild yeast diversity and will be a boon to elucidating the ecology, evolution and domestication of this academic and industrial workhorse.
A sea water barrier to coral gene flow
Authors: Lessios H. A. 
Published: October 2012

Land is not the only barrier to dispersal encountered by marine organisms. For sedentary shallow water species, there is an additional, marine barrier, 5000 km of uninterrupted deep‐water stretch between the central and the eastern Pacific. This expanse of water, known as the ‘Eastern Pacific Barrier’, has been separating faunas of the two oceanic regions since the beginning of the Cenozoic. Species with larvae that cannot stay in the plankton for the time it takes to cross between the two sides have been evolving independently. That the eastern Pacific does not share species with the rest of the Pacific was obvious to naturalists two centuries ago (Darwin 1860). Yet, this rule has exceptions. A small minority of species are known to straddle the Eastern Pacific Barrier. One such exception is the scleractinian coral Porites lobata (Fig. ). This species is spread widely throughout the Indo‐Pacific, where it is one of the major reef‐builders, but it is also encountered in the eastern Pacific. Are eastern and central Pacific populations of this coral connected by gene flow? In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Baums et al. (2012) use microsatellite data to answer this question. They show that P. lobata populations in the eastern Pacific are cut off from genetic influx from the rest of the Pacific. Populations within each of the two oceanic regions are genetically connected (though those in the Hawaiian islands are also isolated). Significantly, the population in the Clipperton Atoll, the westernmost island in the eastern Pacific, genetically groups with populations from the central Pacific, suggesting that crossing the Eastern Pacific Barrier by P. lobata propagules does occasionally occur.
Population genomics and the causes of local differentiation
Authors: Tonsor Stephen J. 
Published: October 2012

Exactly 50 years ago, a revolution in empirical population genetics began with the introduction of methods for detecting allelic variation using protein electrophoresis (Throckmorton 1962; Hubby 1963; Lewontin & Hubby 1966). These pioneering scientists showed that populations are chock‐full of genetic variation. This variation was a surprise that required a re‐thinking of evolutionary genetic heuristics. Understanding the causes for the maintenance of this variation became and remains a major area of research. In the process of addressing the causes, this same group of scientists documented geographical genetic structure (Prakash et al. 1969), spawning the continued accumulation of what is now a huge case study catalogue of geographical differentiation (e.g. Loveless & Hamrick 1984; Linhart & Grant 1996). Geographical differentiation is clearly quite common. Yet, a truly general understanding of the patterns in and causes of spatial genetic structure across the genome remains elusive. To what extent is spatial structure driven by drift and phylogeography vs. geographical differences in environmental sources of selection? What proportion of the genome participates? A general understanding requires range‐wide data on spatial patterning of variation across the entire genome. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Lasky et al. (2012) make important strides towards addressing these issues, taking advantage of three contemporary revolutions in evolutionary biology. Two are technological: high‐throughput sequencing and burgeoning computational power. One is cultural: open access to data from the community of scientists and especially data sets that result from large collaborative efforts. Together, these developments may at last put answers within reach.
Combustion smoke‐induced inflammation in the cerebellum and hippocampus of adult rats
Authors: Zou Y‐Y. , Kan E. M. , Cao Q. , Lu J. , Ling E‐A. 
Published: October 2012

AimsThe effect of combustion smoke inhalation on the respiratory system is widely reported but its effects on the central nervous system remain unclear. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of smoke inhalation on the cerebellum and hippocampus which are areas vulnerable to hypoxia injury.MethodsAdult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to combustion smoke inhalation and sacrificed at 0.5, 3, 24 and 72 h after exposure. The cerebellum and hippocampus were subjected to Western analysis for VEGF, iNOS, eNOS, nNOS and AQP4 expression; ELISA analysis for cytokine and chemokine levels; and immunohistochemistry for GFAP/AQP4, RECA‐1/RITC and TUNEL. Aminoguanidine (AG) was administered to determine the effects of iNOS after smoke inhalation.ResultsBoth the cerebellum and hippocampus showed a significant increase in VEGF, iNOS, eNOS, nNOS and AQP4 expression with corresponding increases in inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and increased AQP4 expression and RITC permeability after smoke exposure. AG was able to decrease the expression of iNOS, followed by VEGF, eNOS, nNOS, RITC and AQP4 after smoke exposure. There was also a significant increase in TUNEL+ cells in the cerebellum and hippocampus which were not significantly reduced by AG. Beam walk test revealed immediate deficits after smoke inhalation which was attenuated with AG.ConclusionThe findings suggest that iNOS plays a major role in the central nervous system inflammatory pathophysiology after smoke inhalation exposure with concomitant increase in proinflammatory molecules, vascular permeability and oedema, for which the cerebellum appears to be more vulnerable to smoke exposure than the hippocampus.
Psychosocial functioning and self‐rated health in Japanese school‐aged children: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Okuda Masayuki , Sekiya Mari , Okuda Yumi , Kunitsugu Ichiro , Yoshitake Norikazu , Hobara Tatsuya 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEmotional and behavioral disorders in children are school‐health concerns; however, Japanese screening tools for such disorders are not yet available. We examined the association between psychosocial functioning as measured by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) and self‐rated health within school settings. A cross‐sectional study was conducted for 2513 fifth and eighth graders from all of the primary and secondary schools in Shunan City, Japan. The Japanese PSC had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.90) and a factor structure similar to that of the English PSC. When the cut‐off values were set to ≥ 28 and ≥ 17, 4–9% and 20–39% of our respondents, respectively, reported high PSC scores. A multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of a positive PSC score (≥ 28) for poorer self‐rated health among ratings of “very good,” “good,” “fair,” and “poor” was 3.5 (95% confidence interval = 2.6–4.8). There was a clear association between psychosocial dysfunction identified by a PSC score ≥ 28 and poor self‐rated health. We offer directions for further research on appropriate PSC cut‐off values with Japanese samples.
Full‐field optical coherence microscopy is a novel technique for imaging enteric ganglia in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Coron E. , Auksorius E. , Pieretti A. , Mahé M. M. , Liu L. , Steiger C. , Bromberg Y. , Bouma B. , Tearney G. , Neunlist M. , Goldstein A. M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground  Noninvasive methods are needed to improve the diagnosis of enteric neuropathies. Full‐field optical coherence microscopy (FFOCM) is a novel optical microscopy modality that can acquire 1 μm resolution images of tissue. The objective of this research was to demonstrate FFOCM imaging for the characterization of the enteric nervous system (ENS).Methods  Normal mice and EdnrB‐/‐ mice, a model of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD), were imaged in three‐dimensions ex vivo using FFOCM through the entire thickness and length of the gut. Quantitative analysis of myenteric ganglia was performed on FFOCM images obtained from whole‐mount tissues and compared with immunohistochemistry imaged by confocal microscopy.Key Results  Full‐field optical coherence microscopy enabled visualization of the full thickness gut wall from serosa to mucosa. Images of the myenteric plexus were successfully acquired from the stomach, duodenum, colon, and rectum. Quantification of ganglionic neuronal counts on FFOCM images revealed strong interobserver agreement and identical values to those obtained by immunofluorescence microscopy. In EdnrB‐/‐ mice, FFOCM analysis revealed a significant decrease in ganglia density along the colorectum and a significantly lower density of ganglia in all colorectal segments compared with normal mice.Conclusions & Inferences  Full‐field optical coherence microscopy enables optical microscopic imaging of the ENS within the bowel wall along the entire intestine. FFOCM is able to differentiate ganglionic from aganglionic colon in a mouse model of HD, and can provide quantitative assessment of ganglionic density. With further refinements that enable bowel wall imaging in vivo, this technology has the potential to revolutionize the characterization of the ENS and the diagnosis of enteric neuropathies.
Periplasmic arabinogalactan glycoproteins act as a calcium capacitor that regulates plant growth and development
Authors: Lamport Derek T. A. , Várnai Péter 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs) are implicated in virtually all aspects of plant growth and development, yet their precise role remains unknown. Classical AGPs cover the plasma membrane and are highly glycosylated by numerous acidic arabinogalactan polysaccharides O‐linked to hydroxyproline. Their heterogeneity and complexity hindered a structural approach until the recent determination of a highly conserved repetitive consensus structure for a 15‐sugar residue arabinogalactan subunit with paired glucuronic carboxyls.

Based on NMR data and molecular dynamics simulations, we identify these carboxyls as potential intramolecular Ca2+‐binding sites.

Using rapid ultrafiltration assays and mass spectrometry, we verified that AGPs bind Ca2+ tightly (Kd ˜ 6.5 μM) and stoichiometrically at pH 5. Ca2+ binding is reversible in a pH‐dependent manner.

As typical AGPs contain c. 30 Ca2+‐binding subunits and are bulk components of the periplasm, they represent a Ca2+ capacitor discharged at low pH by stretch‐activated plasma membrane H+‐ATPases, hence a substantial source of cytosolic Ca2+. We propose that these Ca2+ waves prime the ‘calcium oscillator’, a signal generator essential to the global Ca2+ signalling pathway of green plants.
Non‐cell autonomous regulation of life cycle transitions in the model brown alga Ectocarpus
Authors: Arun Alok , Peters Nick T. , Scornet Delphine , Peters Akira F. , Mark Cock J. , Coelho Susana M. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

The model brown alga Ectocarpus has a haploid‐diploid life cycle, involving alternation between two independent multicellular generations, the gametophyte and the sporophyte. Recent work has shown that alternation of generations is not determined by ploidy but is rather under genetic control, involving at least one master regulatory locus, OUROBOROS (ORO).

Using cell biology approaches combined with measurements of generation‐specific transcript abundance we provide evidence that alternation of generations can also be regulated by non‐cell autonomous mechanisms.

The Ectocarpus sporophyte produces a diffusible factor that causes major developmental reprogramming in gametophyte cells. Cells become resistant to reprogramming when the cell wall is synthetized, suggesting that the cell wall may play a role in locking an individual into the developmental program that has been engaged. A functional ORO gene is necessary for the induction of the developmental switch.

Our results highlight the role of the cell wall in maintaining the differentiated generation stage once the appropriate developmental program has been engaged and also indicate that ORO is a key member of the developmental pathway triggered by the sporophyte factor. Alternation between gametophyte and sporophyte generations in Ectocarpus is surprisingly labile, perhaps reflecting an adaptation to the variable seashore environment inhabited by this alga.
Introgression and selection shaping the genome and adaptive loci of weedy rice in northern China
Authors: Sun Jian , Qian Qian , Ma Dian‐Rong , Xu Zheng‐Jin , Liu Dan , Du Hong‐Bo , Chen Wen‐Fu 
Published: October 2012

Summary

As a weed of rice paddy fields, weedy rice has spread worldwide. In northern China, the expansion of weedy rice has been rapid over the past two decades. Its evolutionary history and adaptive mechanisms are poorly understood.

Evolutionary relationships between northern weedy rice and rice cultivars were analyzed using presumed neutral markers sampled across the rice genome. Genes involved in rice domestication were evaluated for their potential roles in weedy rice adaptation. Seed longevity, a critical trait of weedy rice, was examined in an F2 population derived from a cross between weedy rice and a rice cultivar to evaluate weedy rice adaptation and the potential effect of candidate genes.

Weedy rice in northern China was not derived directly from closely related wild Oryza species or from the introgression of indica subspecies. Introgression with local cultivars, coupled with selection that maintained weedy identity, shaped the evolution of weedy rice in northern China.

Weedy rice is a unique system with which to investigate how weedy plants adapt to an agricultural environment. Our finding that extensive introgression from local cultivars, combined with the continuing ability to maintain weedy genes, is characteristic of weedy rice in northern China provides a clue for the field control of weedy rice.