bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deglacial and Holocene Archaeal Lipid-Inferred Paleohydrology and Paleotemperature History of Lake Qinghai, Northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Huanye , Dong Hailiang , Zhang Chuanlun L. , Jiang Hongchen , Liu Zhonghui , Zhao Meixun , Liu Weiguo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe investigate the distribution of archaeal lipids in a 5.8-m-long sedimentary core recovered from Lake Qinghai to extract regional hydroclimate and temperature signals since the last deglaciation for this important region. The paleohydrology was reconstructed from the relative abundance of thaumarchaeol (%thaum) and the archaeol and caldarchaeol ecometric (ACE) index. The %thaum-inferred lake-level record was extended to deglaciation, showing three periods (11.9–13.0, 14.1–14.7 and 15.1–17.2 cal ka BP) with relatively higher lake levels than those during the early Holocene. The ACE record demonstrates three periods (10.6–11.2, 13.2–13.4 and 17.4–17.6 cal ka BP) of elevated salinity when the lake was shallow. Filtered TEX86 record based on archaeal lipid distributions corresponded to relatively higher lake levels, implying that a certain lake size is required for using the TEX86 paleothermometer. At 1–4 cal ka BP, the reconstructed temperature fluctuated significantly and correlated negatively with inferred lake level, indicating that lake temperature and hydrological change might be coupled during this period. We attribute this co-variance to the importance of summer temperature in controlling evaporation for this arid/semi-arid region. Moreover, our results indicate that archaeal lipids have potential in reconstructing paleoclimate patterns from lacustrine sedimentary cores, but the data should be interpreted with care.
Mid size cliques are more common in real world networks than triangles
Authors: SLATER NOA , ITZCHACK ROYI , LOUZOUN YORAM 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReal world networks typically have large clustering coefficients. The clustering coefficient can be interpreted to be the result of a triangle closing mechanism. We have here enumerated cliques and maximal cliques in multiple networks to show that real world networks have a high number of large cliques. While triangles are more frequent than expected, large cliques are much more over-expressed, and the largest difference between real world networks and their random counterpart occurs in many networks at clique sizes of 5–7, and not at a size of 3. This does not result from the existence of few very large cliques, since a similar feature is observed when studying only maximal cliques (cliques that are not contained in other larger cliques). Moreover, when the large cliques are removed, triangles are often under-expressed.In all networks studied but one, all node members of large cliques produce a single connected component, which represent the central “core” of the network. The observed clique distribution can be explained by multiple models, mainly hidden variables model, such as the gravitation model, or the collapse of bipartite networks. These models can explain other properties of these networks, including the sub-graph distribution and the distance distribution of the networks. This suggests that node connectivity in real world networks may be determined by the similarity between the contents of the networks' nodes. This is in contrast with models of network formation that incorporate only the properties of the network, and not the internal properties of the nodes.
Grape seed procyanidin B2 ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits apoptosis via the AMP-activated protein kinase–silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1–PPARγ co-activator-1α axis in rat mesangial cells under high-dose glucosamine
Authors: Bao Lei , Cai Xiaxia , Zhang Zhaofeng , Li Yong 
Published: November 2014

Grape seed procyanidin B2 (GSPB2), an antioxidative and anti-inflammatory polyphenol in grape seed, has been found to have protective effects on diabetic nephropathy. Based on its favourable biological activities, in the present study, we aimed to investigate whether GSPB2 could inhibit apoptosis in rat mesangial cells treated with glucosamine (GlcN) under high-dose conditions. The results showed that the administration of GSPB2 (10 μg/ml) significantly increased the viability of mesangial cells treated with GlcN at a dose of 15 mm. We found that GSPB2 inhibited apoptosis in mesangial cells using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphates (dUTP) nick-end labelling staining and flow cytometry technique (P< 0·05 for both). GSPB2 treatment also suppressed oxidative stress by elevating the activity of glutathione peroxidase (P< 0·05) and superoxide dismutase (P< 0·01), as well as prevented cellular damage. GSPB2 enhanced the mRNA expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A and mitochondrial DNA copy number in mesangial cells as determined by real-time PCR (P< 0·05 for each). Finally, GSPB2 treatment activated the protein expression of PPARγ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mesangial cells. These findings suggest that GSPB2 markedly ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits apoptosis in rat mesangial cells treated with high-dose GlcN. This protective effect could be, at least in part, due to the activation of the AMPK–SIRT1–PGC-1α axis.
Surgical management of airway stenosis by radiofrequency coblation
Authors: Chan C L , Frauenfelder C A , Foreman A , Athanasiadis T , Ooi E , Carney A S 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground:Acquired airway stenosis can be challenging to manage endoscopically because of difficult field visualisation, instrument limitations and the risk of laser fire. At our institution, radiofrequency coblation has been successfully used for the resection of subglottic and tracheal stenosis in adults. This paper presents our experience with this technique.Method:A retrospective case note analysis of all cases of airway stenosis in adults from 2007 to 2012 was performed.Results:Ten adult patients underwent coblation resection for airway stenosis. All lesions were classified as McCaffrey stage I (i.e. less than 1 cm long). Causes of stenosis included: idiopathic stenosis (40 per cent), previous tracheostomy (30 per cent) and endotracheal intubation (20 per cent). Six patients (60 per cent) required a single procedure and 4 (40 per cent) required multiple interventions. All patients reported significant improvement in their symptoms following treatment. All patients were alive at the time of writing and none have required open resection.Conclusion:Radiofrequency coblation is an attractive alternative technique for the treatment of idiopathic or acquired airway stenosis in adults.
Seamen and the Nigerianization of Shipping in the Postcolonial Era
Authors: Schler Lynn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article examines the impact that indigenization policies had on labor and on the cultures of work in postcolonial Nigeria. Scholars have studied indigenization in the context of nationalist politics, statecraft, and development in postcolonial Africa. However, we have little knowledge of how working classes experienced and interpreted indigenization schemes. Focusing on the indigenization of shipping, this article discusses both how Nigerian seamen anticipated the establishment of the Nigerian National Shipping Line and the actual impact of Nigerianization on their working lives. By taking a close look at changes in shipboard hierarchies, labor relations, and the culture of work on NNSL vessels, we can gain a deeper understanding of how broader political processes associated with decolonization and postindependence shaped working-class lives in postcolonial Nigeria.
Improving farming practices reduces the carbon footprint of spring wheat production
Authors: Gan Yantai , Liang Chang , Chai Qiang , Lemke Reynald L. , Campbell Con A. , Zentner Robert P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWheat is one of the world’s most favoured food sources, reaching millions of people on a daily basis. However, its production has climatic consequences. Fuel, inorganic fertilizers and pesticides used in wheat production emit greenhouse gases that can contribute negatively to climate change. It is unknown whether adopting alternative farming practices will increase crop yield while reducing carbon emissions. Here we quantify the carbon footprint of alternative wheat production systems suited to semiarid environments. We find that integrating improved farming practices (that is, fertilizing crops based on soil tests, reducing summerfallow frequencies and rotating cereals with grain legumes) lowers wheat carbon footprint effectively, averaging −256 kg CO2 eq ha−1 per year. For each kg of wheat grain produced, a net 0.027–0.377 kg CO2 eq is sequestered into the soil. With the suite of improved farming practices, wheat takes up more CO2 from the atmosphere than is actually emitted during its production.
Dynamic multidrug recognition by multidrug transcriptional repressor LmrR
Authors: Takeuchi Koh , Tokunaga Yuji , Imai Misaki , Takahashi Hideo , Shimada Ichio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLmrR is a multidrug transcriptional repressor that controls the expression of a major multidrug transporter, LmrCD, in Lactococcus lactis. However, the molecular mechanism by which LmrR binds to structurally unrelated compounds and is released from the promoter region remains largely unknown. Here, we structurally and dynamically characterized LmrR in the apo, compound-bound and promoter-bound states. The compound-binding site of LmrR exhibits ps–μs dynamics in the apo state and compound ligation shifts the preexisting conformational equilibrium to varying extents to achieve multidrug recognition. Meanwhile, the compound binding induces redistribution of ps–ns dynamics to the allosteric sites, which entropically favors the high-affinity recognition. Furthermore, the reciprocal compound/promoter binding by LmrR is achieved by the incompatible conformational ensembles between the compound- and promoter-bound states. Collectively, the data show how LmrR can dynamically exert its functions through promiscuous multi-target interactions, in a manner that cannot be understood by a static structural view.
2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-benzothiazole suppresses tumor progression and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by inducing ubiquitin ligase CHIP
Authors: Hiyoshi Hiromi , Goto Natsuka , Tsuchiya Mai , Iida Keisuke , Nakajima Yuka , Hirata Naoya , Kanda Yasunari , Nagasawa Kazuo , Yanagisawa Junn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and has poor survival and high recurrence rates for aggressive metastatic disease. Notably, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive cancer and there is no preferred agent for TNBC therapy. In this study, we show that a novel agent, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-benzothiazole (YL-109), has ability to inhibit breast cancer cell growth and invasiveness in vitro and in vivo. In addition, YL-109 repressed the sphere-forming ability and the expression of stem cell markers in MDA-MB-231 mammosphere cultures. YL-109 increased the expression of carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), which suppresses tumorigenic and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the oncogenic pathway. YL-109 induced CHIP transcription because of the recruitment of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to upstream of CHIP gene in MDA-MB-231 cells. Consistently, the antitumor effects of YL-109 were depressed by CHIP or AhR knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that a novel agent YL-109 inhibits cell growth and metastatic potential by inducing CHIP expression through AhR signaling and reduces cancer stem cell properties in MDA-MB-231 cells. It suggests that YL-109 is a potential candidate for breast cancer therapy.
Energy‐efficient idle listening scheme using 1 bit sampling in 60 GHz wireless local area network
Authors: Gao Bo , Xiao Zhenyu , Su Li , Jin Depeng , Zeng Lieguang 
Published: November 2014

Owing to the requirement of power‐hungry ultra‐high‐speed analogue‐to‐digital converters (ADCs), 60 GHz wireless local area network systems face the challenge of high energy consumption in idle listening (IL). To cope with this problem, a 1 bit‐sampling IL (1BS‐IL) scheme is proposed in this paper. This scheme includes a mixed 1/M‐bit‐sampling receiver, and a corresponding packet detection algorithm termed 1BS generalised likelihood ratio test (1BS‐GLRT). The receiver enables packet detection in IL with a 1 bit ADC, which considerably lowers down the energy consumption; besides, the 1BS‐GLRT algorithm guarantees promising performance on packet detection. Once detecting the arrival of a packet, the receiver switches to an original multi‐bit sampling precision, that is, M‐bit, ADC to demodulate the packet, which maintains the demodulation performance. Comparisons show that 1BS‐IL not only significantly reduces energy consumption, but also achieves competitive detection performance.
Measuring Food Access and Food Deserts for Policy Purposes†
Authors: Ver Ploeg Michele , Dutko Paula , Breneman Vince 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPolicymakers have dedicated increasing attention to whether Americans have access to healthful food. As a result, various methods for measuring food store access at the national level have been developed to identify areas that lack access. However, these methods face definitional, data, and methodological limitations. The focus on neighborhoods instead of individuals underestimates the barriers that some individuals face in accessing healthy food, and overestimates the problem in other neighborhoods. This paper reviews and critiques currently available national‐level measures of food access. While multiple measures of food access are needed to understand the problem, we recommend greater attention be paid to individual measures of food store access.
Preliminary results for salt aerosol production intended for marine cloud brightening, using effervescent spray atomization
Authors: Cooper Gary , Foster Jack , Galbraith Lee , Jain Sudhanshu , Neukermans Armand , Ormond Bob 
Published: November 2014

The large-scale production of vast numbers of suitable salt nuclei and their upward launch is one of the main technological barriers to the experimental testing of marine cloud brightening (MCB). Very promising, though not definitive, results have been obtained using an adapted version of effervescent spray atomization. The process is simple, robust and inexpensive. This form of effervescent spraying uses only pressurized water and air sprayed from small nozzles to obtain very fine distributions. While it is far from optimized, and may not be the best method if full deployment is ever desired, we believe that even in its present form the process would lend itself well to preliminary field test investigations of MCB. Measurements obtained using standard aerosol instrumentation show approximately lognormal distributions of salt nuclei with median diameters of approximately 65 nm and geometric standard deviations slightly less than 2. However, these measurements are not in agreement with those based on scanning electron microscopy imaging of collected particles, an observation that has not yet been explained. Assuming the above distribution, 10
15
particles per second could be made with 21 kW of spray power, using approximately 200 nozzles. It is envisioned that existing snow making equipment can be adapted to launch the nuclei 60–100 m into the air, requiring approximately 20 kW of additional power.
The conversion of systolic volume into systolic pressure (the development of numerical model)
Authors: Kamnev Yuri 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe direct proportional trend of the transition from systolic volume to systolic pressure can be proved theoretically with the help of circulatory numerical model. The model permits to link calculable end-diastolic volume with the observable interrelations between systolic and diastolic pressures. The outstripping growth of systolic pressure (when diastolic pressure is rising with steady increment) is deduced and the analogous phenomenon can be observed at clinical gradation of arterial hypertension.
Preparation and structural analysis of (±)-cis-ethyl 2-sulfanylidenedecahydro-1,6-naphthyridine-6-carboxylate and (±)-trans-ethyl 2-oxooctahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate
Authors: Schwehm Carolin , Lewis William , Blake Alexander J. , Kellam Barrie , Stocks Michael J. 
Published: November 2014

Bicycle ring closure on a mixture of (4aS,8aR)- and (4aR,8aS)-ethyl 2-oxodecahydro-1,6-naphthyridine-6-carboxylate, followed by conversion of the separatedcisandtransisomers to the corresponding thioamide derivatives, gave (4aSR,8aRS)-ethyl 2-sulfanylidenedecahydro-1,6-naphthyridine-6-carboxylate, C11H18N2O2S. Structural analysis of this thioamide revealed a structure with two crystallographically independent conformers per asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2). The reciprocal bicycle ring closure on (3aRS,7aRS)-ethyl 2-oxooctahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-5-carboxylate, C10H16N2O3, was also accomplished in good overall yield. Here the five-membered ring is disordered over two positions, so that both enantiomers are represented in the asymmetric unit. The compounds act as key intermediates towards the synthesis of potential new polycyclic medicinal chemical structures.
Mean reversion and predictability of remittances
Authors: Makina Daniel 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictability of remittances in individual developing countries. It achieves this objective by testing for mean reversion (i.e. stationarity) in the monthly remittance series reported to the World Bank by 21 developing countries.Design/methodology/approach– Unit root tests on remittance time series are undertaken using three tests – the augmented Dickey-Fuller test, the Phillip-Peron test and the Kwiatkowshi, Phillips, Schmidt and Shin test. Stationarity of series in levels would indicate mean reversion and predictability of remittances.Findings– The paper finds significant evidence of mean reversion and hence predictability in remittance inflows in 17 developing countries.Practical implications– Remittance inflows, which have become an important source of external finance for many developing countries, are not random flows but a stable and predictable stream of financial flows.Originality/value– Prior research has focused on volatility of remittances in comparison with other capital flows and then inferred stability from them having lower volatility. Using available monthly data, this paper is the first to directly test for mean reversion and hence predictability of remittances.
Building R&D collaboration between university-research institutes and small medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Jung Kyujin , Andrew Simon 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of governments in resolving collective action dilemmas arising in R&D collaboration between university-research institutes (URI) and small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). The paper focusses on R&D collaboration in South Korea in light of its major industrial reforms since the 1980s in strengthening the national science and technology innovation system.

Design/methodology/approach
– To examine factors explaining the likelihood of SMEs to collaborate with URIs in R&D activities, the authors used data that were collected in the Seoul Metropolitan Area by the Seoul Institute in 2010. A logistic regression analysis was performed with data from the Open Innovation System survey, which consists of 336 SMEs; and supplemented by firm-level data retrieved from the government official statistics on structural characteristics of SMEs. The Mann-Whitney Test of Difference was employed to test the perceived importance of R&D activities in various stages of product development.

Findings
– This research found that SMEs having government certified R&D facilities and higher investments in R&D activities explain their likelihood in engaging in R&D collaboration with URIs. SMEs in the chemical sector also are more likely to establish R&D collaboration with URIs compared to those in the information technology (IT) sector. In terms of the importance of R&D activities, there are marked differences between SMEs collaborating with URIs and those that do not. The differences are found in R&D’s needs related to acquisition of information, basic research, pilot testing of products, and product manufacturing. Most SMEs in the sample reported several barriers to R&D activities, particularly in securing human resources and the operation of R&D; and that, they believe the government can assist them in research and development activities and human resource training.

Research limitations/implications
– This study provides new insights into the way in which R&D facilities of SMEs may facilitate R&D collaboration with URIs. The results broaden the understanding on the scope of R&D collaboration adopted by SMEs and strategies that can be adopted and implemented by government agencies to attract and retain firms that are innovative. While the findings also provide insights on the scope of management decisions adopted by SMEs, the sample was limited to 336 SMEs in the Seoul Metropolitan area, making generalization to other regions of the country limited.

Originality/value
– From the institutional collective action framework, this research provides a critical lens to build R&D collaboration between the URI and SMEs, highlighting the role of government with considerable efforts to facilitate SMEs to enter into arrangements with URIs by focussing on the importance of R&D facility and stages of product development.