bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent laser damage resistant nematic liquid crystal cell “LCNP3”
Authors: Raszewski Z. , Piecek W. , Jaroszewicz L. , Dąbrowski R. , Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki E. , Soms L. , Olifierczuk M. , Kędzierski J. , Morawiak P. , Mazur R. , Miszczyk E. , Mrukiewicz M. , Kowiorski K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere exists the problem in diagnostics of dense plasma (so-called Thomson diagnostics). For this purpose the plasma is illuminated by series of high energy laser pulses. The energy of each separate pulse is as large as 3 J, so it is impossible to generate a burst of such pulses by a single laser. In this situation, the pulses are generated by several independent lasers operating sequentially, and these pulses are to be directed along the same optical path. To form an optical path with λ = 1.064 μm and absolute value of the laser pulse energy of 3 J, a special refractive index matched twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell of type LCNP3, with switching on time τON smaller than 3 μs was applied.
ATLAS simulation of a laser diode for free space optical communication (FSOC) in mid-infrared spectral region
Authors: Sanjeev  , Chakrabarti P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, simulation studies on an N+-InAs0.61Sb0.13P0.26/n0-InAs0.97Sb0.03/P+-InAs0.61Sb0.13P0.26 double heterostructure laser diode suitable for use as a source in a free space optical communication system at 3.7 μm at room temperature has been presented. The device structure has been characterized in terms of energy band diagram, electric field profile, and carrier concentration profile using ATLAS simulation tool from Silvaco. The current-voltage characteristics of the structure have been estimated taking into account the degeneracy effect. The results of simulation have been validated by the reported experimental results.
Reliability and Validity of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) in People With Subacute Stroke
Authors: Chinsongkram Butsara , Chaikeeree Nithinun , Saengsirisuwan Vitoon , Viriyatharakij Nitaya , Horak Fay B. , Boonsinsukh Rumpa 
Published: June 2014

Background
The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) is a new clinical balance assessment tool, but it has never been validated in patients with subacute stroke.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the BESTest in patients with subacute stroke.

Design
This was an observational reliability and validity study.

Methods
Twelve patients participated in the interrater and intrarater reliability study. Convergent validity was investigated in 70 patients using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M), and Mini-BESTest. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the BESTest, Mini-BESTest, and BBS in classifying participants into low functional ability (LFA) and high functional ability (HFA) groups based on Fugl-Meyer Assessment motor subscale scores.

Results
The BESTest showed excellent intrarater reliability and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=.99) and was highly correlated with the BBS (Spearman r=.96), PASS (r=.96), CB&M (r=.91), and Mini-BESTest (r=.96), indicating excellent convergent validity. No floor or ceiling effects were observed with the BESTest. In contrast, the Mini-BESTest and CB&M had a floor effect in the LFA group, and the BBS and PASS demonstrated responsive ceiling effects in the HFA group. In addition, the BESTest showed high accuracy as the BBS and Mini-BESTest in separating participants into HFA and LFA groups.

Limitation
Whether the results are generalizable to patients with chronic stroke is unknown.

Conclusion
The BESTest is reliable, valid, sensitive, and specific in assessing balance in people with subacute stroke across all levels of functional disability.
From Pergamon to Army Base Hospital No. 5: the history and significance of the galea aponeurotica in the evolution of neurosurgery
Authors: Connor David E. , Chittiboina Prashant , Nanda Anil 
Published: June 2014

The authors trace the etymology and historical significance of galea or epicranial aponeurosis. In ancient Greece, galea referred to a helmet worn by soldiers, typically made of animal hide or leather. Throughout antiquity, physicians referred to all soft tissue between the skin and the skull as panniculus, a standard established by Galen of Pergamon. A manual of surgery in the Middle Ages referred to the entire scalp as a “great panicle that is called pericranium.” During the early Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci famously and stylistically analogized the dissection of the cranium with the peeling of an onion. Not until 1724 would the tendinous sheath connecting the frontalis and occipitalis muscles be defined as “Galea tendinosa cranii.” By 1741, the convention of referring to the galea as an aponeurosis was well established.
Harvey Cushing's wartime experiences at Army Base Hospital No. 5 reinforced the surgical significance of the galea. Operative mortality was significantly diminished due to “closure of the wounds with buried sutures in the galea.” This operative nuance was then passed from teacher to pupil and has now become one of the tenets of modern neurosurgical practice.
Endoscopic approach to colloid cyst: what is the optimal entry point and trajectory?
Authors: Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Chen Fangxiang , Choi Lawrence , Clark Justin C. , Nakaji Peter 
Published: June 2014

Object
An optimal entry point and trajectory for endoscopic colloid cyst (ECC) resection helps to protect important neurovascular structures. There is a large discrepancy in the entry point and trajectory in the neuroendoscopic literature.

Methods
Trajectory views from MRI or CT scans used for cranial image guidance in 39 patients who had undergone ECC resection between July 2004 and July 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. A target point of the colloid cyst was extended out to the scalp through a trajectory carefully observed in a 3D model to ensure that important anatomical structures were not violated. The relation of the entry point to the midline and coronal sutures was established. Entry point and trajectory were correlated with the ventricular size.

Results
The optimal entry point was situated 42.3 ± 11.7 mm away from the sagittal suture, ranging from 19.1 to 66.9 mm (median 41.4 mm) and 46.9 ± 5.7 mm anterior to the coronal suture, ranging from 36.4 to 60.5 mm (median 45.9 mm). The distance from the entry point to the target on the colloid cyst varied from 56.5 to 78.0 mm, with a mean value of 67.9 ± 4.8 mm (median 68.5 mm). Approximately 90% of the optimal entry points are located 40–60 mm in front of the coronal suture, whereas their perpendicular distance from the midline ranges from 19.1 to 66.9 mm. The location of the “ideal” entry points changes laterally from the midline as the ventricles change in size.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the optimal entry for ECC excision be located at 42.3 ± 11.7 mm perpendicular to the midline, and 46.9 ± 5.7 mm anterior to the coronal suture, but also that this point differs with the size of the ventricles. Intraoperative stereotactic navigation should be considered for all ECC procedures whenever it is available. The entry point should be estimated from the patient's own preoperative imaging studies if intraoperative neuronavigation is not available. An estimated entry point of 4 cm perpendicular to the midline and 4.5 cm anterior to the coronal suture is an acceptable alternative that can be used in patients with ventriculomegaly.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations with emphasis on hemorrhage risks and seizure outcomes
Authors: Bowden Greg , Kano Hideyuki , Tonetti Daniel , Niranjan Ajay , Flickinger John , Arai Yoshio , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: June 2014

Object
Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) present substantial management challenges because of the critical adjacent blood vessels and functional brain. The authors investigated the outcomes, especially hemorrhage and seizure activity, after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of AVMs within or adjacent to the sylvian fissure.

Methods
This retrospective single-institution analysis examined the authors' experiences with Gamma Knife surgery for AVMs of the sylvian fissure in cases treated from 1987 through 2009. During this time, 87 patients underwent SRS for AVMs in the region of the sylvian fissure. Before undergoing SRS, 40 (46%) of these patients had experienced hemorrhage and 36 (41%) had had seizures. The median target volume of the AVM was 3.85 cm3 (range 0.1–17.7 cm3), and the median marginal dose of radiation was 20 Gy (range 13–25 Gy).

Results
Over a median follow-up period of 64 months (range 3–275 months), AVM obliteration was confirmed by MRI or angiography for 43 patients. The actuarial rates of confirmation of total obliteration were 35% at 3 years, 60% at 4 and 5 years, and 76% at 10 years. Of the 36 patients who had experienced seizures before SRS, 19 (53%) achieved outcomes of Engel class I after treatment. The rate of seizure improvement was 29% at 3 years, 36% at 5 years, 50% at 10 years, and 60% at 15 years. No seizures developed after SRS in patients who had been seizure free before treatment. The actuarial rate of AVM hemorrhage after SRS was 5% at 1, 5, and 10 years. This rate equated to an annual hemorrhage rate during the latency interval of 1%; no hemorrhages occurred after confirmed obliteration. No permanent neurological deficits developed as an adverse effect of radiation; however, delayed cyst formation occurred in 3 patients.

Conclusions
Stereotactic radiosurgery was an effective treatment for AVMs within the region of the sylvian fissure, particularly for smaller-volume AVMs. After SRS, a low rate of hemorrhage and improved seizure control were also evident.
The pathological spectrum of solid CNS metastases in the pediatric population
Authors: Wiens Andrea L. , Hattab Eyas M. 
Published: June 2014

Object
Collectively, metastatic tumors are the most common malignancy encountered in the adult central nervous system (CNS), arising most often from lung, breast, skin, and gastrointestinal tract carcinomas. Limited information is available in the literature regarding solid nonhematopoietic CNS metastases in children. The authors carried out a retrospective study of pediatric metastatic neoplasms to the CNS treated in a 30-year period to characterize their frequency, common histological subtypes, and sites of origin.

Methods
The archival pathology files were searched (1981–2011) for metastatic tumors to the CNS in patients 21 years of age and younger. Pathology material was reviewed, tumors were classified by site of origin and histological subtype, and survival was evaluated.

Results
The authors identified 26 patients with solid nonhematopoietic CNS metastases out of 1135 pediatric CNS tumors diagnosed from 1981 to 2011. Patients ranged in age from 1.5 to 20.3 years and were equally divided between sexes. Most CNS metastases were supratentorial (85%) and solitary (65%). The mean interval from primary malignant diagnosis to CNS metastasis was 27 months. Sites of origin included kidney/adrenal, bone/soft tissue, gonads, head and neck, lung, and liver. Mean survival after CNS involvement was 36.6 months. Overall 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 52% and 16%, respectively.

Conclusions
In neuropathology practice, nonhematopoietic pediatric CNS metastases are far less common than are nonhematopoietic adult CNS metastases, accounting for approximately 2% of all pediatric CNS tumors. The most common tumors to exhibit CNS metastasis are of kidney/adrenal origin, followed by those from bone/soft tissue. As expected, prognosis is dismal, despite aggressive therapy.
Lac Sevan (Arménie) : des héritages soviétiques aux réalités d'aujourd'hui (Lake Sevan (Armenia) : from soviet heritage to present realities)
Authors: Ardillier-Carras Françoise , Khoetsyan Ashot 
Published: June 2014

Since 1930, throughout the Soviet period, this lakeside system was plundered for over 30 years and it is this plundering that is now at the heart of economic and environmental concerns. The disasterous management of lake Sevan in Armenia has led to the water level being lowered by 20 metres and a subsequent reduction in the potential of the lake.
Ever since indépendance this environmental damage has been the basis for a huge program of rehabilitation, led by the World Bank. However, this debate has exceeded the boundaries of ecological interests. During the post-Soviet transition period and in a conflictual geopolitical context (blockades, breaks in energy supplies) and as the closing down of the Medzamor nuclear centre (which supplies the majority of the internal energy requirements) begins, how much weight do the environmental aspects and the rehabilitation of a lakeside system really carry when the future of the country as a whole is at stake ?
Experience of Chronic Kidney Disease and Perceptions of Transplantation by Sex
Authors: Adoli Latame Komla , Campeon Arnaud , Chatelet Valérie , Couchoud Cécile , Lobbedez Thierry , Bayer Florian , Vabret Elsa , Daugas Eric , Vigneau Cécile , Jais Jean-Philippe , Bayat-Makoei Sahar 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe pathway to kidney transplantation (KT) begins with the patient’s acceptance of this surgical procedure after discussion with the nephrologist. The patients’ perceptions of the disease and of KT may influence their willingness to undergo transplantation.ObjectiveTo describe patients’ experiences of kidney disease and their perceptions of KT and the nephrologists’ perceptions of the patient experience.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study collected data through semistructured interviews with patients with chronic kidney disease and nephrologists in the Bretagne, Île-de-France and Normandie regions, France. Researchers involved in the study in each region purposely selected 99 patients with chronic kidney disease who initiated dialysis in 2021, based on their age, sex, dialysis facility ownership, and also 45 nephrologists, based on their sex and years of experience. Data analysis was performed from January to October 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThemes were identified using inductive thematic analysis. Specific characteristics of men and women as well as the nephrologist’s views for each theme were described.ResultsThis study included 42 men and 57 women (56 [57%] aged 60 years or older) who started dialysis in 2021 and 45 nephrologists (23 women and 22 men). Six major themes were identified: (1) burden of chronic kidney disease on patients and their families, (2) health care professional–patient relationship and other factors that modulate chronic kidney disease acceptance, (3) dialysis perceived as a restrictive treatment, (4) patients’ representation of the kidney graft, (5) role of past experiences in KT perception, and (6) dualistic perception of KT. In some cases, women and nephrologists indicated that women’s perceptions and experiences were different than men’s; for example, the disease’s psychological impact and the living donor KT refusal were mainly reported by 8 women.Conclusions and RelevancePatients’ past experience of chronic kidney disease in general and of KT in particular, as well as their relationship with their family and nephrologist, were substantial determinants of KT perception in this qualitative study. Targeted policies on these different factors might help to improve access to KT, and more research is needed to understand whether there are sex-based disparities.
Twisting Between Topological Phases in 1D Conjugated Polymers via a Multiradical Transition State
Authors: Alcón Isaac , Canonico Luis Manuel , Papior Nick , Garcia Jose‐Hugo , Cummings Aron W. , Tremblay Jean‐Christophe , Pruneda Miguel , Brandbyge Mads , Paulus Beate , Roche Stephan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, it has become possible via on‐surface bottom‐up synthesis to engineer the topological character of carbon nanostructures. Graphene nanoribbons and 1D conjugated polymers (1DCPs) have thus tailored so as to host either topologically trivial or non‐trivial phases. Molecular design is the primary means to set the topological class of these nanomaterials. However, external control over topology is also demonstrated via electric fields or top‐down hydrogenation. Inspired by the connection between topology and π‐conjugation, here it is demonstrated via first‐principles calculations that aryl ring twist angles also serve as topological knobs. Focusing on rationally designed 1DCPs composed of triarylmethyl (TAM) units, it is shown that rotation of certain aryl rings enables a transition from the trivial to the topologically non‐trivial phase. Accordingly, fixing a particular twist angle configuration (e.g., via chemical functionalization) is equivalent to robustly setting a targeted topological phase. It is also found that in considered 1DCPs, the quantum phase transition occurs without the electronic band gap closing, due to a multiradical antiferromagnetic phase emerging at the transition point. All in all, this study highlights the potential of aryl ring twisting for engineering topological properties in carbon nanomaterials and establishes TAM 1DCPs as exotic topological 1D systems.
Improvement of Therapeutic Effect via Inducing Non‐Apoptotic Cell Death Using mRNA‐Protection Nanocage
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Kim Seongchan , Kim Sojin , Lee Nan‐Ee , Lee Soo‐Hwan , Kim Hyunkyung , Lee Hyojin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNecroptosis, a cell death mechanism with the characteristics of both apoptosis and necrosis, is proposed as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Induction of necroptosis for cancer therapy may be possible through the regulation of the expression of a key factor gene receptor‐interacting protein kinase‐3 (RIPK3) via in vitro transcription (IVT) mRNA delivery. However, mRNA is susceptible to degradation and has a low delivery efficiency, which highlights the requirement of a proper delivery vehicle for intracellular delivery. Therefore, a new mRNA delivery system based on the nanostructured silica nanoparticles, termed mRNA‐protective nanocage (mPN) has been developed. High‐efficiency expression of RIPK3 and induction of necroptosis is achieved through delivery of RIPK3 IVT mRNA with mPN in vitro and in vivo models. Importantly, the mPN carrying RIPK3 mRNA distributed locally in tumors upon intravascular injection, and successfully induced necroptosis and immune cell infiltration, a hallmark of necroptosis. the suppression of tumor growth in a murine cancer model, demonstrating the synergistic effect of RIPK3 mRNA‐ and immune cell‐mediated therapy is also observed. These findings suggest the potential for anticancer therapy through necroptosis induction and provide a strategy for the development of mRNA‐based nanomedicine.
Versatile Method of Engineering the Band Alignment and the Electron Wavefunction Hybridization of Hybrid Quantum Devices
Authors: Li Guoan , Shi Xiaofan , Lin Ting , Yang Guang , Rossi Marco , Badawy Ghada , Zhang Zhiyuan , Shi Jiayu , Qian Degui , Lu Fang , Gu Lin , Wang Anqi , Tong Bingbing , Li Peiling , Lyu Zhaozheng , Liu Guangtong , Qu Fanming , Dou Ziwei , Pan Dong , Zhao Jianhua , Zhang Qinghua , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. , Nowak Michał P. , Wójcik Paweł , Lu Li , Shen Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHybrid devices that combine superconductors (S) and semiconductors (Sm) have attracted great attention due to the integration of the properties of both materials, which relies on the interface details and the resulting coupling strength and wavefunction hybridization. However, until now, none of the experiments have reported good control of the band alignment of the interface, as well as its tunability to the coupling and hybridization. Here, the interface is modified by inducing specific argon milling while maintaining its high quality, e.g., atomic connection, which results in a large induced superconducting gap and ballistic transport. By comparing with Schrödinger–Poisson calculations, it is proven that this method can vary the band bending/coupling strength and the electronic spatial distribution. In the strong coupling regime, the coexistence and tunability of crossed Andreev reflection and elastic co‐tunneling—key ingredients for the Kitaev chain—are confirmed. This method is also generic for other materials and achieves a hard and huge superconducting gap in lead and indium antimonide nanowire (Pb‐InSb) devices. Such a versatile method, compatible with the standard fabrication process and accompanied by the well‐controlled modification of the interface, will definitely boost the creation of more sophisticated hybrid devices for exploring physics in solid‐state systems.
Assessing the Potential and Limitations of PbS and HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Detectors for Free Space Optical Communication
Authors: Zhao Xue , Yao Haifeng , Qiu Yanyan , Yan Naiquan , Hao Qun , Chen Menglu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFree space optical communication with infrared light is a promising secure wireless optical communication technology, where infrared photodetectors are the core component. To date, such applications are based on epitaxial growth narrow‐band semiconductors facing the challenge of large‐area fabrication. Infrared colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are of interest because of the high‐throughput solution processing. Here, large‐area CQD photodetectors with adjustable wavelengths covering 1.3–2.0 µm. For 1 × 1 mm2 CQD photodetector, the response time achieved within 1 µs at room temperature, responded sharply to the 25 kbps PRBS‐7 communication code is demonstrated. For 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 large‐area CQD photodetectors, a communication rate of 2 kbps is achieved. This work is a step toward the CQD application in the field of optical communications.
Iris‐Inspired Microparticles with a Two‐Factor Authentication Security Feature for Wet‐Phase Enhanced Anti‐Counterfeiting Strategies
Authors: Park Cheolheon , Lee Minhyuk , Kim Hyeli , Lee Daewon , Choi Jangho , Choi Yeongjae , Park Wook 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article presents an iris‐mimicking polymeric microparticle with randomly generated silica film cracks to be utilized as a wet‐phase micro security taggant. The microparticles are designed to replicate the capillary patterns in the human iris, providing high data capacity and stability, making them ideal for authentication. Furthermore, the microparticles integrate a QR code within the pupillary zone of the iris, enabling pupillary authentication to enhance two‐factor identification and elevate overall security levels an unprecedented feature absent in conventional iris recognition systems. The resulting artificial iris‐mimicking microparticles have high coding efficiency and unique characteristics and can be authenticated in the wet phase, making them suitable for use as micro security taggants.