bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of organs procured from donors on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: an analysis of kidney and liver allograft data
Authors: Bodzin Adam S. , Hirose Hitoshi , West Sharon , Hasz Richard , Maley Warren R. , Cavarocchi Nicholas C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation has become rescue therapy for adults with overwhelming cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Not all patients are saved, creating a new cohort of potential organ donors. This study examines the outcomes of liver and kidney allografts procured from donors on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).MethodsA retrospective review was conducted through the local organ procurement organization. Donors on ECMO prior to notification were classified into donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after cardiac death (DCD). We compared short‐term outcome data against published standards.ResultsBetween 1995 and 2012, 97 organs were procured from 41 donors supported on ECMO. There were 68 kidneys donated, 51 were transplanted and 17 discarded. Excluding extended criteria donors, 29 DBD and 13 DCD kidneys were transplanted from donors supported on ECMO. Delayed graft function occurred in 34% of DBD kidneys and 38% of DCD kidneys. Kidney allograft survival at one yr was 93%. Twenty‐four livers were procured, nine discarded, and 15 transplanted. Ninety‐three percent of liver transplant recipients were alive with graft function at one yr.ConclusionsDonation after brain death kidneys procured from donors on ECMO perform similarly to non‐ECMO organs with regard to delayed graft function (DGF), one‐yr graft survival and function. Livers from ECMO donors have a higher discard rate than non‐ECMO donors, but function similarly at six months and one yr.
Introduced and natural colonists show contrasting patterns of protected area association in UK wetlands
Authors: Hiley Jonathan R. , Bradbury Richard B. , Thomas Chris D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimProtected wildlife habitats provide valuable stepping stones for species that shift their distributions in response to climatic and other environmental changes, but they might also aid the spread of invasive alien species. Here, we quantify the use of protected areas (PAs) by both introduced and natural wetland colonists in the UK to analyse patterns of colonization and examine the propensity of invaders to use PAs.LocationUnited Kingdom.MethodsWe calculate PA associations for six species of wetland birds deliberately introduced to the UK and compare these with eight others that have recently colonized the UK naturally. We assess PA associations at three different stages of establishment – first breeding in each county, early establishment of a population (4–6 years after initial breeding) and subsequent consolidation (14–16 after initial breeding) – and analyse changes in PA association over time.ResultsIntroduced wetland bird species were less associated with PAs than natural colonists at each stage of establishment. During the later stages of colonization, the PA association of introduced species tended to increase. In contrast, natural colonists usually colonized PAs first, and their established populations subsequently spread into non‐PA sites.Main conclusionsThe United Kingdom PA network did not facilitate the invasion of introduced species during the initial stages of their colonization, but was vulnerable to colonization as populations established. This is in contrast to natural colonists, which are more reliant on PAs during initial colonization but become less dependent as they establish. During a period of rapid environmental change, PAs have facilitated expansions of natural colonists, without acting as the prime sites for invasion by introduced species.
Natural enemies of natural enemies: the potential top‐down impact of predators on entomopathogenic nematode populations
Authors: ULUG DERYA , HAZIR SELCUK , KAYA HARRY K. , LEWIS EDWIN 
Published: May 2014

Top‐down population regulation can influence the success of biological control agents when they are released into the field. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used commonly in biological control programmes, but their efficacy suffers from poor persistence. Although abiotic soil conditions have been shown to reduceEPNpersistence, consumption of infected insects by scavengers and of infective juvenile (IJ) nematodes by predators may also regulate these populations. In the present study, the effects of different soil arthropods onEPNs in laboratory conditions were measured. It was hypothesised that arthropods commonly found in soil communities whereEPNs are applied would consume cadavers of insects parasitised by the nematodes and theIJs themselves.Some species of scavengers consumeEPN‐infected insects. Crickets (Gryllus bimaculatusDe Geer),American cockroaches [Periplaneta Americana(Linnaeus)], ants [Tetramorium chefketiForel andPheidole pallidula(Nylander)], earwigs (Labidura ripariaPallas), mites (Sancassania polyphyllaeZachvatkin), and springtails (Sinella curvisetaBrook andFolsomia candidaWillem) have different responses to nematode‐killed insects. Results suggested that ants (T. chefketi), cockroaches, mites, and earwigs fed onSteinernema‐killed insects whereas neither crickets nor springtails consumed them.In the second part of the study, experiments were conducted to determine whether mites and springtails consumedIJ EPNs. Results showed thatS. polyphyllaemites do not consume infective juveniles in soil, whereas both springtail species consumed significant numbers of theIJs.Top‐down regulatory processes can be a limiting factor forEPNpopulations under laboratory conditions. Both host cadavers andIJs are consumed (albeit by different arthropods), so these results may help explain the difficulties associated with the persistence ofEPNapplication to soil.
Learning histology – dental and medical students' study strategies
Authors: Johnson S. , Purkiss J. , Holaday L. , Selvig D. , Hortsch M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurposeHistology, the science of cells and tissues at the microscopic level, is an integral component of most dental and medical curricula and is often taught using both traditional and novel computer‐based didactic approaches. The purpose of this study was to analyse the strategies used by dental and medical students when studying this very visual and challenging subject.MethodsData were collected from 75 dental and 143 medical students, who had almost identical histology learning resources at their disposal.ResultsWhen compared with their medical counterparts, dental students view histology as a more difficult subject and as less relevant for their future career. Whereas dental students, who are required to attend class unlike medical students, made more use of in‐classroom learning opportunities, they did not take as much advantage of out‐of‐classroom resources. In addition, dental students reported a significantly higher tendency than medical students to work together, rather than to study alone.DiscussionSmall differences in the dental versus the medical learning environment associate with several observed differences in learning strategies that are adopted by dental and medical students.ConclusionsThese differences should be considered when teaching the subject of histology to dental or to medical students.
Evaluation of the serum free light chain (sFLC) analysis in prediction of response in symptomatic multiple myeloma patients: rapid profound reduction in involved FLC predicts achievement of VGPR
Authors: Hansen Charlotte T. , Pedersen Per T. , Nielsen Lars C. , Abildgaard Niels 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundObservational data from clinical studies indicate that the goal of first‐line therapy in newly diagnosed patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) should be very good partial response (VGPR) or better, preferably before high‐dose treatment. We evaluated the value of early measurements of involved free light chains (iFLC) in prediction of high‐quality responses. Measuring iFLC has a potential advantage due to a short half‐life compared to the half‐life of the M‐protein.MethodsIn 36 multiple myeloma (MM) patients, we measured serial changes in iFLC and M‐protein after start of treatment. iFLC and M‐protein were measured before treatment, the following 5 wk days, 2, 3 and 6 wks after start of treatment.ResultsMedian iFLC and M‐protein half‐life was 2.75 and 11.9 d, respectively. All patients with an iFLC >75 mg/L had an initial significant reduction (>20%) in iFLC, even patients with no response to treatment. The mean per cent reduction in iFLC 3 d after start of treatment was 52.3% and 23.6% (P = 0.021) in patients achieving ≥VGPR and PR, respectively. The mean per cent reduction in M‐protein in patients achieving ≥VGPR and PR was not significantly different in the 6‐wk study period. As a predictor of VGPR, an 80% reduction in iFLC at day 21 resulted in a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 100%.ConclusionChanges in iFLC could be a tool for early identification of responders to anti‐myeloma therapy. Early, sequential measurements of iFLC within the first week after start of treatment are not meaningful.
Modelling the dispersal of the two main hosts of the raccoon rabies variant in heterogeneous environments with landscape genetics
Authors: Rioux Paquette Sébastien , Talbot Benoit , Garant Dany , Mainguy Julien , Pelletier Fanie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPredicting the geographic spread of wildlife epidemics requires knowledge about the movement patterns of disease hosts or vectors. The field of landscape genetics provides valuable approaches to study dispersal indirectly, which in turn may be used to understand patterns of disease spread. Here, we applied landscape genetic analyses and spatially explicit models to identify the potential path of raccoon rabies spread in a mesocarnivore community. We used relatedness estimates derived from microsatellite genotypes of raccoons and striped skunks to investigate their dispersal patterns in a heterogeneous landscape composed predominantly of agricultural, forested and residential areas. Samples were collected in an area covering 22 000 km2in southern Québec, where the raccoon rabies variant (RRV) was first detected in 2006. Multiple regressions on distance matrices revealed that genetic distance among male raccoons was strictly a function of geographic distance, while dispersal in female raccoons was significantly reduced by the presence of agricultural fields. In skunks, our results suggested that dispersal is increased in edge habitats between fields and forest fragments in both males and females. Resistance modelling allowed us to identify likely dispersal corridors used by these two rabies hosts, which may prove especially helpful for surveillance and control (e.g. oral vaccination) activities.
Spontaneous cyclization of polypeptides with a penultimate Asp, Asn or isoAsp at the N‐terminus and implications for cleavage by aminopeptidase
Authors: Lyons Brian , Kwan Ann H , Truscott Roger 
Published: May 2014

A cyclic product that forms spontaneously from peptides that contain a penultimate Asp, Asn or isoAsp residue at the N‐terminus has been characterized. This 2,5‐diketopiperazine derivative forms under physiological conditions and is stable, showing little degradation even following heating at 60 °C. A mechanism for its formation from Asn and Asp peptides is proposed that involves a succinimide or isoaspartate intermediate. A diketopiperazine‐modified peptide was also detected in human lens extracts. Since peptides that contain the diketopiperazine moiety are not readily hydrolysed by leucine aminopeptidase, it is hypothesized that proteins and peptides modified in this way in the body may not readily be digested by the normal proteolytic machinery of cells.
Role of dynamin and clathrin in the cellular trafficking of flotillins
Authors: Meister Melanie , Zuk Alexandra , Tikkanen Ritva 
Published: May 2014

Flotillin‐1 and flotillin‐2 are highly conserved, membrane‐microdomain‐associated proteins that have been shown to be involved in signal transduction, membrane trafficking and cell adhesion. Upon growth factor stimulation, flotillins are tyrosine phosphorylated and become endocytosed from the plasma membrane into endosomes from which they are recycled back to the plasma membrane. Although a role for flotillin‐1 in the endocytosis of certain cargo proteins has been suggested, it is not known how the growth‐factor‐induced endocytosis of flotillins is regulated and which endocytosis pathway is used. However, this is likely to be different from the pathway used by flotillin‐dependent cargo. In this study, we have addressed the mechanistic details of flotillin trafficking during growth factor signaling. We show that dynamin‐2 activity is required for the uptake of flotillins from the plasma membrane upon epidermal growth factor stimulation, and inhibition of dynamin‐2 GTPase activity impairs flotillin endocytosis. Surprisingly, recycling of flotillins from endosomes to the plasma membrane appears to require both dynamin‐2 and clathrin. Upon overexpression of dynamin‐2 mutants or depletion of clathrin heavy chain, flotillins are permanently trapped in endosomes. These data show that clathrin and dynamin are required for the endosomal sorting of flotillins, and the study provides a mechanistic dissection of the thus far poorly characterized endosomal trafficking of flotillins.Structured digital abstract

flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

CHC and dyn2 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

LAMP3 and flotillin-2 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)
Environmental influences on daily commercial catch rates of South Australia's southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii)
Authors: Feenstra John , McGarvey Richard , Linnane Adrian , Punt André E. , Bean Nigel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe extent to which catchability of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) due to short‐term environmental factors, rather than abundance, may be affecting legal‐size catch rates from the South Australian Southern Zone rock lobster fishery was examined. Multivariate weighted linear regression was applied to daily aggregated commercial catch rates using several environmental covariates in addition to year and month. Model pruning via backward selection identified the following variables as being significantly related to catch rate: wave height and period, lagged wave height, bottom temperature, moon phase, and a spatial block index. These variables explained 7% of the total variance in log‐transformed daily catch rates and another 84% was explained by month and year. A negative relationship was found between catch rate and each of bottom temperature and same‐day wave height, while the relationships between catch rate and days prior to full moon, and average wave height over the past 3 days were positive.
Effect of dairy slurry application rate and forage type on production, soil nutrient status and nitrogen‐use efficiency
Authors: Dale A. J. , Laidlaw A. S. , Bailey J. S. , Mayne C. S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSeven forage types (diploid and tetraploid perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass and hybrid ryegrass, a low‐input mixture of perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot, timothy and meadow fescue, a mixture of perennial ryegrass and white clover, and monoculture of red clover) were sown in late July 2004. Each received one of four rates of dairy cattle slurry in three annual applications by trailing shoe, which supplied average nitrogen (N) inputs of 0·0, 114·9, 204·8 and 301·2 kg N ha−1 annum−1. Treatments were cut either three or four times annually over four years. Average dry‐matter yield (DM) response to slurry N was 15·6 kg DM kg−1 N. Lowest recovery of slurry N was in the second application each year (after first cut). The data suggest that slurry applied to Italian ryegrass, and also to swards containing legumes on soils with high phosphorus content, will produce a lower DM response to slurry N and result in a lower slurry N recovery than on swards of perennial ryegrass or cocksfoot‐dominant low‐input mixtures. Apparent recovery of slurry N was low at the second cut, especially when first‐cut yields had been high. To maximize slurry N recovery, application to regrowths with potentially slow rates of growth or high legume content should be avoided.
Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) Study: Influence of haemophilia on interpersonal relationships as reported by adults with haemophilia and parents of children with haemophilia
Authors: Cassis F. R. M. Y. , Buzzi A. , Forsyth A. , Gregory M. , Nugent D. , Garrido C. , Pilgaard T. , Cooper D. L. , Iorio A. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryEvidence delineating the effects of haemophilia on interpersonal relationships is sparse and largely outdated, failing to reflect the impact of current treatment strategies. HERO (Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities) was commenced to garner a more comprehensive understanding of psychosocial issues facing persons with haemophilia (PWH). This article describes the findings of the quantitative HERO survey relating to the influence of haemophilia on interpersonal relationships of adult PWH, and parents/caregivers of children with haemophilia. Separate questionnaires were completed by adult PWH and parents of minor children from 10 countries, including satisfaction with support from partners, family, friends and other social contacts; disclosure of haemophilia and carrier status and family dynamics. A total of 675 PWH and 561 parents completed the survey. Over half of PWH (57%) and parents (84%) were married. Most PWH were satisfied with support from partners (94%), family (90%) and friends (85%), with lower percentages reported among those with inhibitors. Most parents were likewise satisfied with support from partners (88%) and family (83%). Whereas PWH were reticent to disclose their diagnosis beyond family and friends, parents were more likely to share their son's diagnosis, and most were satisfied with the support from their son's peers (74%), teachers (83%) and other adults in supervisory roles (85%). PWH and parents surveyed were satisfied overall with the support they received from partners, family, friends and social contacts. Relationships are affected by haemophilia in various ways, and particularly affected in terms of disease burden, age and social life.
Between the Ancien Régime and Liberal Modernity: Law, Justice and State Formation in colonial Quebec, 1760–1867
Authors: Fyson Donald 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article surveys the historiography of state formation in colonial Quebec, from the British Conquest of 1759/1760 to Canadian Confederation in 1867, focussing on law and justice. It is structured around three key themes: the Conquest as a point of rupture, with the imposition of a British colonial state and English law on top of a largely French‐origin society; the nature of the ancien‐régime state over the 80 years that followed; and the historiographical debate over the creation of a new liberal order in Canada and Quebec from the 1840s onwards. The article ends with a discussion of six factors, both local and transnational, which help account for legal change and state formation in Quebec in the period.
Clusterin expression in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours is highly correlated with location and is helpful in determining the origin of liver metastases
Authors: Mourra Najat , Scriva Aurelie , Mansiaux Yohann , Gozlan Sarah , Bennis Malika , Balaton Andre 
Published: May 2014

AimsClusterin (CLU) is a sulphated glycoprotein implicated in many physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. We have previously demonstrated that CLU is highly expressed in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). The aims of this study were: to investigate CLU expression in gastrointestinal NETs; the potential correlation between this expression and different clinicopathological parameters; and its usefulness in the differential diagnosis of liver metastases.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry using an anti‐CLU antibody was performed on paraffin sections from 108 primary NETs [G3 (13 cases), G2 (18 cases), and G1 (77 cases), according to the 2010 WHO classification] and 60 metastases. Cytoplasmic positivity was scored qualitatively and quantitatively. The pattern of staining was also assessed. Two‐step statistical analyses (univariate and multivariate logistic regression) were performed. More than 90% of small‐intestine NETs were completely negative. The probability of obtaining a positive CLU score was higher for the appendix, the stomach, the duodenum and the rectum than for the small intestine and colon. All G3 NETs and most G2 NETs were negative as compared with G1. CLU expression in the metastatic foci was identical to that of the primary tumour.ConclusionsClusterin expression in gastrointestinal NETs is highly correlated with location and probably also with grading, in both the primary tumour and metastases. Underexpression of CLU in small‐intestine NETs is helpful for identifying the origin of liver metastases: a strong CLU score in a liver biopsy makes the small intestine highly unlikely as a primary site.
Phenotypical and molecular distinctness of sinonasal haemangiopericytoma compared to solitary fibrous tumour of the sinonasal tract
Authors: Agaimy Abbas , Barthelmeß Sarah , Geddert Helene , Boltze Carsten , Moskalev Evgeny A. , Koch Michael , Wiemann Stefan , Hartmann Arndt , Haller Florian 
Published: May 2014

AimsSinonasal haemangiopericytoma (SN‐HPC) is a rare sinonasal mesenchymal neoplasm of perivascular myoid cell origin. Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) occurs only very rarely in the sinonasal tract. SFT and soft tissue HPC have been considered a single entity. Recently, recurrent gene fusions involving NAB2‐STAT6 resulting in differential expression of STAT6 were characterized as central molecular events in SFT. However, no data exist for NAB2–STAT6 status or STAT6 expression in SN‐HPC.Methods and resultsWe examined six SN‐HPCs and two sinonasal SFTs by immunohistochemistry and RT–PCR for NAB2–STAT6 fusions. SN‐HPC affected three females and three males (mean age: 72 years). They expressed smooth muscle actin, lacked strong CD34 reactivity and were negative for nuclear STAT6 expression. RT–PCR analysis confirmed the absence of NAB2–STAT6 fusions in all cases. Conversely, both sinonasal SFTs (in males aged 39 and 52 years) displayed classical features of pleuropulmonary and soft‐tissue SFTs (uniformly CD34‐positive with strong nuclear expression of STAT6). RT–PCR revealed NAB2–STAT6 fusions in both cases.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the molecular and phenotypical distinctness of these two entities. While SN‐HPC is a site‐specific sinonasal neoplasm of as yet unknown molecular pathogenesis, sinonasal SFTs show phenotypical and molecular identity to their pleural/extrapleural counterparts.