bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dilemma in the Glycosaminoglycan‐Based Therapy: Synthetic or Naturally Unique Molecules?
Authors: Pomin Vitor H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are widely explored in the biomedical market as functional ingredients in pharmaceutical or nutraceutical preparations. This extensive application of GAGs is justified by their multiple activities across several systems including, but not limited to, coagulation, thrombosis, inflammation, cancer, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, tissue repair, and microbial infections. Therapeutic GAGs are commonly extracted from mammalian tissues. Although functional in diverse systems, mammalian GAGs present serious downsides in therapy such as contamination risk from the mammalian tissues. In order to overcome some of the downsides, two new GAG sources have been appearing as alternatives to the mammalian‐derived molecules. They are the synthetic GAGs and those extracted from nonmammalian origins such as invertebrate animals. This report overviews the general aspects of each GAG alternative and compares critically their pros and cons attributes in light of the prospects for the future of GAG‐based therapy.
Molecular mechanism of a new Laminaria japonica polysaccharide on the suppression of macrophage foam cell formation via regulating cellular lipid metabolism and suppressing cellular inflammation
Authors: Zha Xue‐Qiang , Xue Lei , Zhang Hai‐Lin , Asghar Muhammad‐Naeem , Pan Li‐Hua , Liu Jian , Luo Jian‐Ping 
Published: July 2015

ScopeLaminaria japonica is an important marine vegetable with great health benefits for preventing atherosclerosis. Since the foam cell formation is an important hallmark for the initiation of atherosclerosis, we examined the effect and underlying mechanism of a purified L. japonica polysaccharide (LJP61A) on the suppression of macrophage foam cell formation in this study. The chemical structure was further characterized.Methods and resultsUsing oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced foam cell model, we found that the cellular lipid accumulation was significantly attenuated by 25 μg/mL LJP61A. Meanwhile, LJP61A caused a remarkable decrease in mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ that was accompanied by the reduction of CD36 and Acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase‐1 mRNA levels, and the enhancement of ATP‐binding cassette transporters A1 and scavenger receptor B1 mRNA levels. Besides these, the ox‐LDL‐induced cellular inflammation was also restricted by LJP61A treatment via mammalian target of rapamycin‐mediated Toll‐like receptor 2/4‐Mitogen‐activated protein kinases/nuclear factor kappa‐B pathways. The structure of LJP61A was characterized as a repeating unit consisting of →3,6)‐α‐d‐Manp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐d‐Manp‐(1→, →4)‐2‐O‐acetyl‐β‐d‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐β‐d‐Glcp‐(1→, →6)‐4‐O‐SO3‐β‐d‐Galp‐(1→, →6)‐β‐d‐Galp‐(1→, →3)‐β‐d‐Galp‐(1→, and a terminal residue of α‐d‐Glcp‐(1→.ConclusionOur findings suggest that LJP61A inhibits the conversion of macrophage into foam cell via regulating cellular lipid metabolism and suppressing cellular inflammation.
Muscle histopathology in children with spastic cerebral palsy receiving botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Valentine Jane , Stannage Katherine , Fabian Vicki , Ellis Kevin , Reid Siobhan , Pitcher Christian , Elliott Catherine 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) is routine treatment for hypertonicity in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods:This single‐blind, prospective, cross‐sectional study of 10 participants (mean age 11 years 7 months) was done to determine the relationship between muscle histopathology and BoNTA in treated medial gastrocnemius muscle of children with CP. Open muscle biopsies were taken from medial gastrocnemius muscle and vastus lateralis (control) during orthopedic surgery.Results:Neurogenic atrophy in the medial gastrocnemius was seen in 6 participants between 4 months and 3 years post‐BoNTA. Type 1 fiber loss with type 2 fiber predominance was significantly related to the number of BoNTA injections (r= 0.89,P< 0.001).Conclusions:The impact of these changes in muscle morphology on muscle function in CP is not clear. It is important to consider rotating muscle selection or injection sites within the muscle or allowing longer time between injections.Muscle Nerve53: 407–414, 2016
Challenging obesity: Patient, provider, and expert perspectives on the roles of available and emerging nonsurgical therapies
Authors: Apovian Caroline M. , Garvey W. Timothy , Ryan Donna H. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveAdult obesity is recognized as a chronic disease. According to principles of chronic disease management, healthcare professionals should work collaboratively with patients to determine appropriate therapeutic strategies that address overweight and obesity, specifically considering a patient's disease status in addition to their individual needs, preferences, and attitudes regarding treatment. A central role and responsibility of healthcare professionals in this process is to inform and educate patients about their treatment options. Although current recommendations for the management of adult obesity provide general guidance regarding safe and proper implementation of lifestyle, pharmacological, and surgical interventions, healthcare professionals need awareness of specific evidence‐based information that supports individualized clinical application of these therapies. More specifically, healthcare professionals should be up‐to‐date on approaches that promote successful lifestyle management and be knowledgeable about newer weight loss pharmacotherapies, so they can offer patients with obesity a wide range of options to personalize their treatment. Accordingly, this educational activity has been developed to provide participants with the latest information on treatment recommendations and therapeutic advances in lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy for adult obesity management.Design and MethodsThis supplement is based on the content presented at a live CME symposium held in conjunction with ObesityWeek 2014.ResultsThis supplement provides an expert summary of current treatment recommendations and recent advances in nonsurgical therapies for the management of adult obesity. Patient and provider perspectives on obesity management are highlighted in embedded video clips available via QR codes, and new evidence will be applied using clinically relevant case studies.ConclusionsThis supplement provides a topical update of obesity management, including clinical practice examples, for healthcare professionals who treat or provide care for adults with obesity.
Cthrc1 controls adipose tissue formation, body composition, and physical activity
Authors: Stohn J. Patrizia , Wang Qiaozeng , Siviski Matthew E. , Kennedy Kevin , Jin Yong‐Ri , Kacer Doreen , DeMambro Victoria , Liaw Lucy , Vary Calvin P. , Rosen Clifford J. , Prudovsky Igor , Lindner Volkhard 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of loss of Cthrc1 on adipogenesis, body composition, metabolism, physical activity, and muscle physiology.MethodsComplete metabolic and activity monitoring as well as grip strength measurements and muscle myography was performed in Cthrc1 null and wildtype mice.ResultsCompared to wildtypes, Cthrc1 null mice had similar body weights but significantly reduced energy expenditure, decreased lean mass, and increased fat mass, especially visceral fat. In vitro studies demonstrated that Cthrc1 inhibited adipocyte differentiation as well as PPAR and CREB reporter activity, while preadipocytes isolated from Cthrc1 null mice exhibited enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Voluntary physical activity in Cthrc1 null mice as assessed by wheel running was reduced to approximately half the distance covered by wildtypes. Reduced grip strength was observed in Cthrc1 null mice at the age of 15 weeks or older with reduced performance and mass of fast‐twitch muscle. In the brain, Cthrc1 expression was most prominent in neurons of thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei with evidence for secretion into the circulation in the median eminence.ConclusionsOur data indicate that Cthrc1 regulates body composition through inhibition of adipogenesis. In addition, central Cthrc1 may be a mediator of muscle function and physical activity.
Empowered to Play: A Case Study Describing the Impact of Powered Mobility on the Exploratory Play of Disabled Children
Authors: Sonday Amshuda , Gretschel Pam 
Published: July 2015

AbstractExploratory play is one of the most vital ways in which children learn about their environment and develop. It is well documented that limited mobility restricts a child's ability to engage in their environment through exploratory play. In this study, a qualitative, collective case study design explored the impact of powered mobility on the exploratory play of two children with physical disabilities. Data were collected from the children, their parents and their siblings through participant observation and in‐depth, informal interviews. This paper focuses on two themes: Opportunity to Play revealed how powered mobility increased opportunities for the children to become more actively engaged in exploratory play with others across a wider array of contexts, and My Child was Transformed highlighted significant changes in the affect and motivation of each child, which seemed to be linked to their increased internal control over their play choices. The findings suggest that the provision of powered mobility is a key contributor promoting the participation of physically disabled children in exploratory play. Because of undergraduate curricular constraints, a limitation of this study was that data were only confined to 2 months; affecting the depth of data gained that prolonged engagement would have offered. The study recommends for occupational therapy practice that occupational therapists advocate for easier access to powered mobility through governmental and policy means. The study also recommends further research be conducted on the experiences of the caregivers on how these powered mobility devices have influenced their day‐to‐day occupations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological, structural, molecular docking and biocidal studies of newly synthesized Ppy‐MA/TiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Nami Shahab A. A. , Arshad Mohammad , Khan Mohd Shoeb , Alam Mahboob , Lee Dong‐Ung , Park Soonheum , Sarikavakli Nursabah 
Published: July 2015

The present paper describes the chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole and methyl anthranilate, Ppy‐MA, in different molar ratios in high yields. The polymerization takes place in the presence of H2O2 and FeSO4. Subsequently, electrically conducting nanocomposites Ppy‐MA/TiO2 were obtained by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization using TiO2 nanoparticles in different molar ratios. The structure and morphology of black powdered copolymers, Ppy‐MA, and their nanocomposites, Ppy‐MA/TiO2, were ascertained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray differential, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. These studies have shown that the nanocomposites, Ppy‐MA/TiO2, are thermally more stable, good electrical conductors as compared with their copolymers Ppy‐MA.The copolymers Ppy‐MA prepared from different monomer ratios and its nanocomposites Ppy‐MA/TiO2 have been screened for their possible in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 435), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 435), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 430), Corynebacterium xerosis (ATCC 373), Acetobacter bovis (Clinical isolate), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 426), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424) using ciprofloxacin and gentamicin as standard drugs. Moreover, the anthelmintic activities of copolymers Ppy‐MA and its nanocomposites Ppy‐MA/TiO2 have also been estimated against the standard drug, albendazole. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The pediatric hematology/oncology educational laboratory in‐training examination (PHOELIX): A formative evaluation of laboratory skills for Canadian pediatric hematology/oncology trainees
Authors: Leung Elaine , Dix David , Ford Jason , Barnard Dorothy , McBride Eileen 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundPediatric hematologists/oncologists need to be skilled clinicians, and must also be adept and knowledgeable in relevant areas of laboratory medicine. Canadian training programs in this subspecialty have a minimum requirement for 6 months of training in acquiring “relevant laboratory diagnostic skills.” The Canadian pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) national specialty society, C17, recognized the need for an assessment method in laboratory skills for fellows graduating from PHO training programs.ProcedureCanadian pediatric hematologists/oncologists were surveyed regarding what were felt to be the essential laboratory‐related knowledge and skills deemed necessary for graduating pediatric hematology/oncology trainees. The PHOELIX (Pediatric hematology/oncology educational laboratory in‐training examination) was then developed to provide an annual formative evaluation of laboratory skills in Canadian PHO trainees.ResultsThe majority of PHO respondents (89%) felt that laboratory skills are important in clinical practice. An annual formative examination including review of glass slides was implemented starting in 2010; this provides feedback regarding knowledge of laboratory medicine to both trainees and program directors (PDs).ConclusionsWe have successfully created a formative examination that can be used to evaluate and educate trainees, as well as provide PDs with a tool to gauge the effectiveness of their laboratory training curriculum. Feedback has been positive from both trainees and PDs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;9999:1–6. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of acetaminophen medication use associated with exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Rohay Jeffrey M. , Battista Deena , Kelly Judith P. , Malone Mary K. , Weinstein Rachel B. , Kaufman David W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAcetaminophen overuse has been linked to liver injury.PurposeTo identify patterns of medication use associated with exceeding the recommended daily maximum dose of 4 g acetaminophen.MethodsRespondents from a national panel completed a detailed daily medication diary online for 7 days (n = 5649), identifying medications taken from a comprehensive list of over‐the‐counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) acetaminophen medications. Respondents were not told the study concerned acetaminophen. Total daily intake was calculated from diary data. Generalized estimating equations assessed the association of medication patterns with exceeding 4 g per day among 3618 respondents who used acetaminophen medications (on 13 852 days) during the diary period.ResultsAcetaminophen intake exceeded 4 g on 3.1% of usage days; median intake on those days was 5.5 g. As expected, days when intake exceeded 4 g were almost always (92%) marked by deviations from label directions—exceeding the one‐time dose, re‐dosing too soon, and concomitant use of multiple acetaminophen medications. Re‐dosing too soon was the most frequent deviation, and concomitant use was most strongly tied to exceeding the daily limit. Use of both an Rx and an OTC medication on the same day also increased the odds of exceeding 4 g on days when concomitant use occurred.ConclusionsExcess dosing of acetaminophen is associated with deviations from label directions and by use of both OTC and Rx medications containing acetaminophen within a single concomitant use day. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bierdeckelsalto
Authors: Kuypers Friedhelm , Ucke Christian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEin beliebtes Spiel besteht darin, einen auf einer Tischkante liegenden Bierdeckel von unten mit den ausgestreckten Fingern hochzuschnellen und dann nach einem oder mehreren Saltos zwischen Finger und Daumen wieder aufzufangen. Physikalisch gesehen, übt man einen Stoß auf den Bierdeckel aus. Die Anwendung von Impuls‐ und Drehimpulssatz führt zu einfachen Abschätzungen zur Mechanik des Bierdeckelsaltos. Mit Physik‐Simulationsprogrammen lässt sich dieses Experiment nachvollziehen. Highspeed‐Videos ergänzen Theorie und Simulation.
Sinn und Unsinn der strategischen Raketenabwehr
Authors: Alwardt Christian , Neuneck Götz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeit Beginn der nuklearen Bedrohung durch Fernraketen werden Technologien entwickelt, getestet und stationiert, die angreifende Raketen im Flug zerstören sollen. Die bisherige Zuverlässigkeit von strategischen Raketenabwehrsystemen ist dabei umstritten, da man nur auf einfache Tests und Simulationen zurückgreifen kann. Mathematische Modelle zeigen, dass die heute in Europa stationierten Abfangraketen russische Raketen in Richtung USA nicht erreichen, da sie zu langsam sind. Bei stetiger Modernisierung kann sich dies aber ändern und zu einem Wettrüsten führen. Einige Staaten sehen dies als eine Gefahr für die strategische Stabilität und als ein wesentliches Hindernis für weitere nukleare Abrüstung an.
Klein aber wichtig – die Neutron‐Proton‐Massendifferenz
Authors: Dürr Stephan , Hoelbling Christian , Krieg Stefan , Szabo Kalman 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDie Feinabstimmung physikalischer Größen ist entscheidend für die Struktur des Universums, die Entstehung von Materie und letztlich auch des Lebens. Eine dieser Größen ist die Massendifferenz von Proton und Neutron. Unser Team theoretischer Physiker konnte nun mit Hilfe der Gitter‐Quantenchromodynamik zeigen, dass sich diese Massendifferenz auf die Kombination von Massen und Ladungen der Quarks zurückführen lässt.
Integration of RNA‐seq and proteomics data with genomics for improved genome annotation in Apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Silmon de Monerri Natalie C. , Weiss Louis M. 
Published: July 2015

While high quality genomic sequence data is available for many pathogenic organisms, the corresponding gene annotations are often plagued with inaccuracies that can hinder research that utilizes such genomic data. Experimental validation of gene models is clearly crucial in improving such gene annotations; the field of proteogenomics is an emerging area of research wherein proteomic data is applied to testing and improving genetic models. Krishna et al. [Proteomics 2015, 15, 2618–2628] investigated whether incorporation of RNA‐seq data into proteogenomics analyses can contribute significantly to validation studies of genome annotation, in two important parasitic organisms Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. They applied a systematic approach to combine new and previously published proteomics data from T. gondii and N. caninum with transcriptomics data, leading to substantially improved gene models for these organisms. This study illustrates the importance of incorporating experimental data from both proteomics and RNA‐seq studies into routine genome annotation protocols.
Identifying cancer patients who alter care or lifestyle due to treatment‐related financial distress
Authors: Nipp Ryan D. , Zullig Leah L. , Samsa Gregory , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Schrag Deborah , Taylor Donald H. , Abernethy Amy P. , Zafar S. Yousuf 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients may experience financial distress as a side effect of their care. Little is known about which patients are at greatest risk for altering their care or lifestyle due to treatment‐related financial distress.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey study to determine which patients are at greatest risk for altering their care or lifestyle due to treatment‐related financial distress. Eligible patients were adults receiving cancer treatment enrolled between June 2010 and May 2011. We grouped coping strategies as lifestyle altering or care altering. We assessed coping strategies and relationships between covariates using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.ResultsAmong 174 participants, 89% used at least one lifestyle‐altering coping strategy, while 39% used a care‐altering strategy. Care‐altering coping strategies adopted by patients included the following: not filling a prescription (28%) and taking less medication than prescribed (23%). Lifestyle‐altering strategies included the following: spending less on leisure activities (77%), spending less on basics like food and clothing (57%), borrowing money (54%), and spending savings (50%). Younger patients were more likely than older patients to use coping strategies (p < 0.001). Lower‐income patients adopted care‐altering strategies more than higher‐income patients (p = 0.03). Participants with more education and shorter duration of chemotherapy used lifestyle‐altering strategies more than their counterparts (both p < 0.05).ConclusionsAs a means of coping with treatment‐related financial distress, patients were more likely to use lifestyle‐altering approaches, but more than one‐third adopted potentially harmful care‐altering strategies. Younger age, lower income, higher education, and shorter duration of chemotherapy were characteristics associated with greater use of coping strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Very Large Cryoturbation Structures of Last Permafrost Maximum Age at the Foot of the Qilian Mountains (NE Tibet Plateau, China)
Authors: Vandenberghe J. , Wang X. , Vandenberghe D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUnusually large cryoturbation structures (4–4.5 m amplitude), developed in channel gravels and overbank fine‐grained deposits of a river terrace on the NE Tibet Plateau, China, were formed by loadcasting as late Pleistocene‐age permafrost degraded. It is suggested that the oversaturation and liquefaction of the thawed sediments could have been achieved only if the amount of ice in the upper 4–4.5 m of terrace sediments had been very high. The structures, dated at around 26–20 ka by OSL, point to the presence of a massive icy layer existing within a permafrost body during the Last Permafrost Maximum. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size‐dependent luminescence of color centers in composite nanodiamonds
Authors: Shershulin Vladimir A. , Sedov Vadim S. , Ermakova Anna , Jantzen Uwe , Rogers Lachlan , Huhlina Anastasia A. , Teverovskaya Ekaterina G. , Ralchenko Victor G. , Jelezko Fedor , Vlasov Igor I. 
Published: July 2015

Luminescence properties of nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) and silicon‐vacancy (SiV) centers were investigated for the series of O‐terminated composite nanodiamonds consisting of a high‐pressure–high‐temperature (HPHT) diamond core and a chemical‐vapor‐deposition (CVD) diamond outer layer of different thickness. It was found that emission of NV and SiV centers cease to “feel” the diamond surface at a distance of 12 and 4 nm, respectively, from it. This finding determines minimum sizes of O‐terminated nanodiamonds in which stable single photon emitters could be formed based on NV and SiV centers. Suggested composite diamond nanostructure are optimal for design of two‐color luminescent markers.The studied diamond nanoparticles present composite structure of “core‐outer layer” type. The core is 20 nm HPHT diamond containing NV centers, whereas outer diamond layer containing SiV centers is formed by CVD synthesis.