bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sox9 modulates cell survival and adipogenic differentiation of multipotent adult rat mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Stöckl Sabine , Bauer Richard , Bosserhoff Anja , Göttl Claudia , Grifka Joachim , Grässel Susanne 
Published: April 2013

Sox9 is a key transcription factor in early chondrogenesis with distinct roles in differentiation processes and during embryonic development. Here, we report that Sox9 modulates cell survival and contributes to the commitment of MSC to adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation lineage. Sox9 activity level affect the expression of the key transcription factor in adipogenic differentiation, C/EBPß, and moreover, cyclin D1 mediated, the expression of osteogenic marker osteocalcin in undifferentiated adult bone marrow derived rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC).
Introducing a stable Sox9 knockdown in undifferentiated rMSC resulted in a marked decrease in proliferation rate and an increase in apoptotic activity. This was linked to a profound upregulation of p21 and cyclin D1 gene and protein expression accompanied with an induction of caspase 3/7 activity and an inhibition of Bcl-2.
We observed that Sox9 silencing provoked a delayed S-phase progression and an increased nuclear localization of p21. The protein stability of cyclin D1 was induced in the absence of Sox9 presumably as a function of altered p38 signalling.
In addition, the major transcription factor for adipogenic differentiation, C/EBPß, was repressed after silencing Sox9. The nearly complete absence of C/EBPß protein due to increased destabilization of the C/EBPß mRNA and the impact on osteocalcin gene expression and protein synthesis, suggests that a delicate balance of Sox9 level is not only imperative for proper chondrogenic differentiation of progenitor cells, but also affects the adipogenic and most likely osteogenic differentiation pathways of MSC.
Our results identified Sox9 as an important link between differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis in undifferentiated adult rat mesenchymal stem cells, emphasizing the importance of the delicate balance of a precisely regulated Sox9 activity in MSC not only for proper skeletal development during embryogenesis but likely also for successful repair and regeneration of tissues and organs in adults.
Interphase nuclear matrix and metaphase scaffolding structures
Authors: Lewis Catherine D. , Lebkowski Jane S. , Daly Ann K. , Laemmli Ulrich K. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
The protein compositions of purified metaphase chromosomes, nuclei and their residual scaffold and matrix structures, are reported. The protein pattern of nuclei on sodium dodecyl sulphate/ polyacrylamide gels is considerably more complex and rich in non-histone proteins than that of chromosomes. Nuclei contain about three to four times more non-histone proteins relative to their histones than chromosomes. Besides the protein components of the peripheral lamina, several protein bands are specific or at least highly enriched in nuclei. Conversely, two proteins X0 (33X 103Mr) and XI (37x103Mr) are highly enriched in the pattern of metaphase chromosomes.
We have compared morphologically the previously defined nuclear matrices type I and II. The type I nuclear matrix is composed of the known lamina proteins, which form the peripheral lamina structure, and a complex series of proteins that form the internal network of the matrix as observed by electron microscopy. This internal network is stabilized similarly to the metaphase scaffolding by metalloprotein interaction. Both the scaffolding and the internal network of the matrix dissociate if thiols or certain metal chelators are used in the extraction buffer. Under these conditions the resulting nuclear structure, called matrix type II, appears empty in the electron microscope, with the exception of some residual nucleolar material. This latter material can be extracted from the internal network by exhaustive treatment of the nuclei with RNase before extraction with high salt.
Immunoblotting and activity studies show RNA polymerase II to be tightly bound to the type I, but not to the type II matrix, or to the scaffolding structure. No polymerase II enzyme was detected in isolated metaphase chromosomes. Another nuclear enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is not bound to either of the residual nuclear matrices or to the scaffolding structures. The association of RNA polymerase with the internal network of the nuclear matrix is consistent with the idea that transcription occurs in close association with this structure.
Anticoagulation; New Pharmacologic Methods to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pebanco Glenn Dexter O , Kaiser Stephanie A , Haines Stuart T 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that used newly approved drugs to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in older adults. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (through July 2012). STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Full-text clinical trial reports were included if they (1) had a randomized controlled design, (2) used a pharmacologic method approved or anticipated to be approved in the US, (3) enrolled at least 300 subjects, (4) enrolled subjects with a mean age of 65 years or older or performed a subgroup analysis in adults in that population, and (5) scored at least 7 of 8 on quality criteria for clinical trials. Twenty unique studies met the inclusion criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS The most common indications for pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis in the identified studies were orthopedic procedures involving the lower extremities and general surgery. Only 2 studies enrolled acutely ill patients admitted to hospital medical services. Fondaparinux (5 studies) was more effective than enoxaparin in preventing VTE (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.37–0.67; p < 0.00001) but had more bleeding (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05–2.08; p = 0.03). Dabigatran 150 mg once daily (3 studies) was less effective than enoxaparin in preventing VTE (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.56; p = 0.004) with a similar bleeding risk (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.46–1.22; p = 0.24). Dabigatran 220 mg once daily (4 studies) was as effective as enoxaparin in preventing VTE (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.83–1.26; p = 0.84) and had similar bleeding (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.66–1.76; p = 0.76). Rivaroxaban (4 studies) was more effective than enoxaparin in preventing VTE (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.61; p < 0.0001) with a trend toward a higher rate of bleeding (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.90–3.60; p = 0.09). Apixaban (5 studies) was more effective than enoxaparin in preventing VTE (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.96; p = 0.0002) and had a similar rate of bleeding (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.42–1.21; p = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS When compared to enoxaparin, newer drugs exhibit slightly different safety and efficacy profiles when used for VTE prevention in older adults undergoing major orthopedic surgery. There are insufficient data for other indications. The benefits and risks of new pharmacologic methods of VTE prevention are unclear in the oldest old (age ≥85 years) and in those admitted to a hospital for an acute medical illness or to a skilled nursing facility.
Inappropriate Medication Administration Practices in Canadian Adult ICUs: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Kanji Salmaan , Lam Jason , Goddard Rob D , Johanson Christel , Singh Avinder , Petrin Lee , Coons Patricia , McIntyre Lauralyn A , Turgeon Alexis F 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND Critically ill patients often receive multiple medications via continuous intravenous infusion. Coadministration of multiple medications through the same port of a venous access device often is necessary but requires an assessment of compatibility. OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency of inappropriate coadministration of continuously infused medications via a Y-site and the use of intravenous catheters in patients in Canadian intensive care units (ICUs) in a multicenter, cross-sectional observational study. METHODS Data pertaining to medication compatibility via Y-site infusion (medication combinations known to be incompatible or not known to be compatible), frequency of specific medications administered via continuous infusion, and catheter use (median number, location, and types of venous catheters) were collected from medical records of 434 patients in the ICUs of 13 teaching hospitals in Canada. RESULTS Forty-six percent of patients were receiving 2 or more medication infusions simultaneously. Forty episodes of inappropriate coadministration of these infusions were identified in 37 patients. The prevalence of inappropriate coadministration of drugs via a Y-site port in all patients was 8.5% (95% CI 5.8–11.2). The prevalence of incompatible combinations via Y-site in patients with 2 or more medication infusions was 18.7%. Twenty-five of these 37 patients could have had their drug schedules rearranged into acceptable combinations, leaving 12 patients who would have required additional intravenous access to facilitate appropriate medication infusions. Median (range) number of central and peripheral venous access devices inserted per patient were 1 (0–4) and 1 (0–5), respectively. Seventeen of 95 patients with 2 or more central venous catheters could have had their medication infusions rearranged to render 1 catheter idle. CONCLUSIONS Inappropriate Y-site combinations of medications continuously infused in Canadian ICUs are common. Management of medication infusions could, however, have been optimized in most of these situations.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone for the Treatment of West Syndrome in Children
Authors: Shumiloff Nicole A , Lam Weng Man , Manasco Kalen B 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE To review the current literature on the efficacy and safety of low-versus high-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) regimens, low-dose ACTH regimens, and comparison of ACTH with oral corticosteroids or vigabatrin for the treatment of West syndrome. DATA SOURCES A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1975-November 2012) to identify studies for inclusion. In addition, reference citations from identified publications were reviewed. The following search terms were used: infantile spasms, West syndrome, adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotropin, symptomatic West syndrome, cryptogenic West syndrome, pediatric, children, infant, adolescent, and neonate. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Studies included in this article evaluated low-dose versus high-dose ACTH, low-dose ACTH, and ACTH compared with vigabatrin and oral corticosteroids. Data reporting the efficacy and adverse effects of ACTH, vigabatrin, and oral corticosteroids were extracted from each publication. Only English-language publications were included. We initially reviewed 20 studies, and 14 were included: 5 prospective randomized clinical trials and 9 chart reviews. DATA SYNTHESIS West syndrome is an age-specific epileptic disorder that occurs in infancy and early childhood. It is characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, neurodevelopmental regression or delay, and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram (EEG). The efficacy and adverse events of ACTH with different dosage regimens were reviewed and analyzed. ACTH compared with vigabatrin and oral corticosteroids was also evaluated. Based on this review, low-dose ACTH is probably as effective as high-dose ACTH. Compared with other agents, ACTH is suggested to be more effective than oral corticosteroids, and compared with vigabatrin, it has improved outcomes in the cessation of spasms. However, studies evaluating the efficacy of ACTH are limited by small sample size, inconsistent dosage regimens, and the use of synthetic or natural ACTH products. Serious adverse events, includ ing intracranial hemorrhage, brain atrophy, Cushing syndrome, infection, weight gain, and hypertension, may deter the use of ACTH. Short-term therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS The current literature suggests that short-term, low-dose ACTH should be considered first-line treatment of infantile spasms.
Effective Dynamic Constitutive Relations for 3-D Periodic Elastic Composites
Authors: Srivastava Ankit , Nemat-Nasser Sia 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTCentral to the idea of metamaterials is the concept of dynamic homogenization which seeks to define frequency dependent effective properties for Bloch wave propagation. Recent advances in the theory of dynamic homogenization have established the coupled form of the constitutive relation (Willis constitutive relation). This coupled form of the constitutive relation naturally emerges from ensemble averaging of the dynamic fields and automatically satisfies the dispersion relation in the case of periodic composites. Its importance is also notable due to its invariance under transformational acoustics. Here we discuss the explicit form of the effective dynamic constitutive equations. We elaborate upon the existence and emergence of coupling in the dynamic constitutive relation and further symmetries of the effective tensors.
Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Graphene Composite
Authors: Hu Jiuning , Park Wonjun , Ruan Xiulin , Chen Yong P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTGraphene composites (GCs) have attracted much attention recently. It is interesting to explore thermal properties of GCs in which graphene filler concentrations are tunable. Here, we use 3ω method to measure the thermal conductivity of GCs synthesized from reduced graphene oxide (RGO) dispersed in polystyrene. To avoid the detrimental effect of lithography processes to GCs, we have developed a novel method employing polyvinyl alcohol and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a holder film to transfer micrometer-sized metal heaters/sensors onto GC surface. Room temperature measurements of the thermal conductivity of GCs are performed. The thermal conductivity is enhanced by ∼ 35 % when adding 5 vol.% of RGO filler concentration. Our measurements will be helpful to probe and understand the thermal transport properties of graphene based composites.
Book Reviews
Authors: Maurer Wallace , Mitchell Breon , Mellamphy Ninian , Kater Michael , Schuler Catherine , Bradby David , Page Malcome , Page Malcome , Issacharoff Michael 
Published: April 2013

A.M. Gibbs, ed.,Shaw: Interviews and Recollections, reviewed by A.E. Wallace Maurer Gordon S. Armstrong, Samuel Beckett, W. B. Yeats, and Jack Yeats: Images and Words, reviewed by Breon Mitchell George O'Brien, Brian Friel, reviewed by Ninian Mellamphy Michael Etherton, Contemporary Irish Dramatists, reviewed by Ninian Mellamphy Stephen Hinton, Kurt Weill: The Threepenny Opera, reviewed by Michael H. Kater Douglas Jarman, Alban Berg: Lulu, reviewed by Michael H. Kater Jean Benedetti, Sranislavski: A Biography, reviewed by Catherine Schuler Maciej Karpinski, The Theatre of Andrzej Wajda, reviewed by David Bradby Elizabeth Maclennan, The Moon Belongs to Evelyolle: Making Theatre with 7:84, reviewed by Malcome Page John McGrath, The Bone Won't Break: On Theatre and Hope in Hard Times, reviewed by Malcome Page Jean Alter, A Sociosemiotic Theory of Theatre, reviewed by Michael Issacharoff
Performance and Madness: Modes of Correction and the Theatrical Ruse
Authors: Flemming Chris 
Published: April 2013

Christopher Durang's absurdist comedy Baby with the Bathwater dramatizes a number of episodes in which the audience is subjected to repeated displays of grossly dysfunctional parenting. In the first act of the play we witness proud new parents, Helen and John, attempting to make their new child act "normally" and be cheerful. In so doing, they resort to various methods of coaxing, coaching, and castigation. The crux of Helen and John's dilemma is also the central focus of this paper and can be introduced by a number of related-questions: Does the child have a mental condition or is it just acting? Is this pathology or strategy? Is it mad or just playing with them? The aim of this essay is to trouble some of the presuppositions on which these questions are most likely predicated: it will seek to problematize the stability of the opposition between "madness" and "acting" on which such decisions are repeatedly founded.
Book Reviews
Authors: Krasner David , Williams Gary Jay , Bottoms Stephen , Brydon Diana , Graham-Jones Jean , Harvie Jen , Jackson Russell , Parker BRian , Shellard Dominic , Zhang Benzi 
Published: April 2013

Don B. Wilmeth and Christopher Rigsby, eds., The Cambridge History of American Theatre, Vol. Ill: Post-World War II to the 1990s, reviewed by David Krasner Stephen A. Black, Eugene O'Neill: Beyond Mourning and Tragedy, reviewed by Gary Jay Williams James M. Harding, ed., Contours of the Theatrical Avant-Garde: Performance and Textuality., reviewed by Stephen J. Bottoms Djanet Sears, ed., Testifyin': Contemporary African Canadian Drama: Volume I, reviewed by Diana Brydon Amalia Gladhart, The Leper in Blue: Coercive Performance and the Contemporary Latin American Theater, reviewed by Jean Graham-Jones Elain Aston and Janelle Reinelt, eds., The Cambridge Companion to Modern British Women Playwrights, reviewed by Jen Harvie Patrick M. Horan, The Importance of Being Paradoxical: Maternal Presence in the Works of Oscar Wilde, reviewed by Russell Jackson Joel Kaplan and Sheila Stowell, eds., Look Back in Pleasure: Noel Coward Revisited, reviewed by Brian Parker Peter Wolfe, Understanding Alan Bennett, reviewed by Dominic Shellard Claire Sponsler and Xiaomei Chen, eds., East of West: Cross-Cultural Performance and the Staging of Difference, reviewed by Benzi Zhang
Du fantasme de l'enfance « on bat un enfant » à l'acte d'adolescence « je bats mon parent »
Authors: Vicente Cindy , Robert Philippe 
Published: April 2013

Freud aborde le fantasme de fustigation « on bat un enfant » comme faisant partie de la dynamique psychique de tout individu. Il se manifeste à la fin de la période infantile et est issu de remaniements psychiques rythmés par trois phases. Une réécriture de ce fantasme émerge lors de l’adolescence. Frapper le parent est considéré comme la mise en acte de ce que tout adolescent fantasme : « Je bats mon parent ». On comprend que les phases surviennent de façon télescopée, toutes au même moment, portées par la flambée pubertaire. Chacune vient marquer un mouvement différent d’élaboration de la séparation d’avec les figures œdipiennes. La réémergence de ce fantasme à l’adolescence vient déborder le système de pensée, laissant coexister de forts désirs œdipiens tout en punissant un autre de ne pas les avoir arrêtés.
Agression sexuelle et transformation pubertaire, une potentialisation de l'effraction traumatique ?
Authors: Tovmassian Laurent Tigrane 
Published: April 2013

Travail autour d’une clinique d’agressions sexuelles vécues à l’adolescence, dans l’effroi et la sidération suite à l’effraction. À partir d’un retour sur la question de la reviviscence propre au syndrome de répétition traumatique post-traumatique l’accent est mis sur l’hypothèse d’une période de latence traumatique. Le processus traumatique alors prédominant mettrait hors-jeu le travail de réaménagement, de liaison, de symbolisation du sujet. De telles agressions et leur devenir psychique figé mais actif, caractérisé par le retour de l’identique, peuvent-ils être articulés avec les registres fantasmatiques propres à l’adolescence et à la transformation du corps pubertaire ? Ou avons-nous à faire à deux corps étrangers internes œuvrant pour leur propre compte et attaquant le sujet alors pris entre le marteau et l’enclume ?
L'inconscient de l'enquête, une expérience de savoir
Authors: Chauvier Éric 
Published: April 2013

L’observation de la souffrance humaine se fait souvent au moyen d’une distance obtenue par le déni d’états émotionnels qui, pourtant, apparaissent souvent déterminants à l’observateur. Cette contribution cherchera à vérifier cette hypothèse en prenant pour exemple une mission de recherche-action effectuée dans une institution accueillant des adolescents en rupture familiale. Fortement troublé par la voix étrangement désaffectée d’une adolescente, l’observateur se trouve contraint de renoncer au caractère distancié d’un régime habituel d’expertise. Ce n’est pas l’histoire de cette adolescente qui le trouble, mais ce qu’elle lui renvoie de son propre vécu familial, lequel se confond avec une démarche scientifique d’observation. Le retour vers cet « inconscient de l’enquête » constitue la base de ce que nous pourrions nommer une initiation.
Du rite de passage à l'inscription de soi
Authors: Nogueira-Fasse Maryline 
Published: April 2013

L’article porte sur une recherche menée en Sciences de l’éducation dans une démarche clinique à orientation psychanalytique, dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants(es). Celle-ci est envisagée sous l’angle d’une crise identitaire professionnelle nécessitant un passage vers un « devenir enseignant » qu’une ouverture à l’anthropologie a permis de mettre en perspective avec les rites de passage. Il sera proposé d’envisager des liens entre la marque corporelle du rituel et « l’inscription de soi » dans un travail d’écriture clinique.
Pour une nouvelle épistémologie
Authors: Dayan Jacques 
Published: April 2013

Les neurosciences peuvent-elles conduire à une nouvelle métapsychologie de l’adolescence ? L’article de N. Georgieff, nous conduit à nous interroger sur les concepts de complémentarité et d’intégration, le premier particulièrement développé par G. Devereux. Il emprunta aux domaines essentiels aujourd’hui, des interrogations sur la nature de la théorie suscitées par le développement de la physique quantique et relativiste.
Manic defenses against loneliness in adolescence
Authors: Barrett Thomas F. 
Published: April 2013

Dans cet article je souligne les difficultés auxquelles les adolescents sont confrontés alors qu’ils essayent de parvenir au changement d’objet. Même pour les individus qui vont bien, ce processus est long et conflictuel, entraînant un état interne insoutenable, qui est déclenché par le sentiment de perte d’objet. Se sentir seul à l’adolescence est la conséquence non pas d’un retrait d’amour de la part de l’objet, mais plutôt d’un processus incontournable à l’intérieur de l’adolescent qui, de façon progressive, retire les investissements libidinaux des objets primaires pour les transférer sur de nouvelles relations adultes. Ainsi, un sentiment profond « d’être » vide, ressenti par beaucoup d’adolescents, est associé à ce processus. Les défenses mobilisées pour combler ce vide sont de caractère maniaque, y compris l’acquisition compulsive des objets de remplacement (e.g., musique téléchargée sur Internet, jeux vidéo, nourriture, vêtements, chaussures, etc.) ainsi que la consommation excessive d’alcool, de drogue et de cigarettes. Toutes ces défenses semblent témoigner d’une tentative régressive, relevant d’un registre oral et des processus primaires (souvent cyclique, rythmée par des mouvements « d’incorporation » et « d’expulsion »), pour tenter de transformer la dépression et le sentiment d’être seul en allégresse, et de trouver répit dans des activités fondées sur le principe de plaisir. J’ajouterai que, bien que les causes de ce sentiment d’être seul soient complexes, il fait partie des nombreux éléments qui sont à l’origine de la promiscuité sexuelle, des troubles d’alimentation et des symptômes de scarification et d’auto-mutilation.