bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of peptides from foot‐and‐mouth disease virus structural proteins bound by class I swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) alleles, SLA‐1*0401 and SLA‐2*0401
Authors: Pedersen L. E. , Harndahl M. , Nielsen M. , Patch J. R. , Jungersen G. , Buus S. , Golde W. T. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryCharacterization of the peptide‐binding specificity of swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I and II molecules is critical to the understanding of adaptive immune responses of swine toward infectious pathogens. Here, we describe the complete binding motif of the SLA‐2*0401 molecule based on a positional scanning combinatorial peptide library approach. By combining this binding motif with data achieved by applying the NetMHCpan peptide prediction algorithm to both SLA‐1*0401 and SLA‐2*0401, we identified high‐affinity binding peptides. A total of 727 different 9mer and 726 different 10mer peptides within the structural proteins of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV), strain A24 were analyzed as candidate T‐cell epitopes. Peptides predicted by the NetMHCpan were tested in ELISA for binding to the SLA‐1*0401 and SLA‐2*0401 major histocompatibility complex class I proteins. Four of the 10 predicted FMDV peptides bound to SLA‐2*0401, whereas five of the nine predicted FMDV peptides bound to SLA‐1*0401. These methods provide the characterization of T‐cell epitopes in response to pathogens in more detail. The development of such approaches to analyze vaccine performance will contribute to a more accelerated improvement of livestock vaccines by virtue of identifying and focusing analysis on bona fide T‐cell epitopes.
Record linkage in Scotland and its applications to health research
Authors: Fleming Michael , Kirby Brad , Penny Kay I 
Published: September 2012

Aims and objectives.  This paper will focus on the key concepts behind record linkage and describe how probability matching of Scottish health records can be used for national health research.Background.  Record linkage can bring together two or more records relating to the same individual. This allows information from multiple sources to be joined together to produce richer data sets for research purposes and has wide applicability in public health and epidemiological research. The probability matching techniques underpinning record linkage bring together records on a patient basis using key identifying information on each record. Scotland has a strong track record for performing linkage for research purposes owing to routinely collected and well‐maintained national administrative health data sets, the emergence of the Scottish record linkage system and organisations like the Information Services Division of NHS National Services Scotland who centrally hold permanently linked patient‐based databases.Design.  A record linkage retrospective population cohort study is described within this paper.Methods.  The paper will describe current linkage methodology before discussing typical applications in the setting of Information Services Division and focusing on a particular linkage study investigating rates and risk factors for gastroschisis.Results.  Conclusions from the gastroschisis study are typical of the types of important findings drawn from analysing linked health data.Conclusions.  Scotland’s good track record for linking records for health research is evidenced by the high volume of research projects, publications and findings resulting from probability matching of national health data.Relevance to clinical practice.  Record linkage allows information relating to the same person held across different data sources to be brought together. Probabilistic record linkage can overcome data quality issues, producing accurate matches. This allows linked, analysable, patient‐based databases, capable of answering complex research questions, to be produced from several data sources with wide applications in the field of health research.
Knowledge of stroke warning signs and risk factors among patients with previous stroke or TIA in China
Authors: Zeng Ying , He Guo‐Ping , Yi Guang‐Hui , Huang Yan‐Jin , Zhang Qing‐Hai , He Ling‐Ling 
Published: September 2012

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this study was to describe knowledge about stroke warning signs and risk factors in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attacks in China and to investigate the relationship between socio‐demographic characteristics & health status and patients’ knowledge about stroke.Background.  Stroke is the leading cause of death and functional impairment in China. Survivors are at high risk of new vascular events. Secondary prevention after stroke or transient ischaemic attacks is not satisfactory. Previous research suggests that awareness of stroke plays an important role in facilitating secondary prevention. However, little is known about knowledge of stroke warning signs and risk factors among patients with previous stroke/transient ischaemic attacks.Design.  A cross‐sectional questionnaire study.Methods.  This study was conducted in Hunan Province, China, between July and December in 2010. Subjects were recruited using a cluster sampling method. A questionnaire was administered to 1600 patients with stroke/transient ischaemic attacks diagnose from eight hospitals, and 1200 patients (75%) responded. Patients’ knowledge about stroke warning signs and risk factors were collected and analysed.Results.  Patients’ knowledge about stroke warning signs was very poor (only 3·3% identified all warning signs and 28·3% identified three). Patients’ knowledge about important risk factors (e.g. atrial fibrillation, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, etc.) was also very poor (<30%). Patients’ action in emergency was extremely poor (only 9·2% reported to call emergency service). The age, education, stroke‐related diagnoses and family history of cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with patients’ knowledge about stroke.Conclusions.  Knowledge about stroke warning signs and risk factors was very poor in patients with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attacks in China.Relevance to clinical practice.  Dissemination of stroke knowledge should be a core responsibility for Chinese clinical nurse. Future clinical education to improve patient’s knowledge about stroke and further intervention to manage cardiovascular risk factors are indicated.
Hodges' Health Career Model and its role and potential application in forensic mental health nursing
Authors: DOYLE M. , JONES P. 
Published: September 2012

Accessible summary

Mental health nurses working in forensic services require a model to guide their practice although to date it is unclear which if any model is most appropriate.

The Health Career Model is a guide for nurses to help them assess people with mental health problems so that they can help them with their physical, psychological and social needs and assist with any problems in their relationship with health, social and criminal justice services.

This paper proposes that the Health Career Model should be used by forensic mental health nurses to guide their practice and to promote the recovery of people who are in their care.

In order to maintain standards and improve their practice it is important that forensic mental health nurses structure their judgement and decision making with an evidence‐based model and more research in this area is required.

AbstractForensic mental health nursing is increasingly recognized as a speciality of mental health nursing. Despite this, there are limited examples of theoretical models to underpin this specialism. This paper describes a conceptual framework known as the Hodges' Health Career – Care Domains – Model, hereafter referred to as the Health Career Model (HCM). Readers will learn of the model's origins, development, structure and content together with its application in forensic mental health nursing. Created in the 1980s, the model was developed in the North West of England by Brian E. Hodges. Overall, the purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the model's potential in forensic mental health nursing, its flexibility, adaptability and its increasing relevance to the problems of 21st century health, social care and well‐being. Forensic nursing is discussed and the rationale for a nursing model is made. Hodges' model is introduced by explaining its original purposes, structure, its four knowledge (care) domains, its current status, publications and resources. The model's relevance and application in forensic nursing is explored, in particular the demands and unique constraints of this care environment as exercised upon service users, the multidisciplinary team, families, carers and other stakeholders. Future implications for research and recovery‐orientated practice are discussed.
Effect of acid swallowing on esophageal contraction in patients with heartburn related to hypersensitivity
Authors: Lee Hyuk , Lee Sang Kil , Park Jun Chul , Shin Sung Kwan , Lee Yong Chan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimThere are heterogeneous subgroups among those with heartburn, and data on these individuals are relatively scant. We aimed to evaluate the effect of acid challenge on the segmental contractions of esophageal smooth muscle in endoscopy‐negative patients with normal esophageal acid exposure.MethodsHigh‐resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) was performed on 30 endoscopy‐negative patients with heartburn accompanied by normal esophageal acid exposure using 10 water swallows followed by 10 acidic pomegranate juice swallows. Patients were classified into functional heartburn (FH) and hypersensitive esophagus (HE) groups based on the results of 24‐hr impedance pH testing. HRM topographic plots were analyzed and maximal wave amplitude and pressure volumes were measured for proximal and distal smooth muscle segments.ResultsThe pressure volume of the distal smooth muscle segment in the HE group measured during acidic swallows was higher than during water swallows (2224.1 ± 68.2 mmHg/cm per s versus 2105.6 ± 66.4 mmHg/cm per s, P = 0.027). A prominent shift in the pressure volume to the distal smooth muscle segment was observed in the HE group compared with the FH group (segmental ratio: 2.72 ± 0.08 versus 2.39 ± 0.07, P = 0.005). Manometric measurements during acidic swallows revealed that this shift was augmented in the HE group. The optimal ratio of pomegranate juice swallowing for discrimination of FH from HE was 2.82, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 100%.ConclusionsHypercontractile response of distal smooth muscle segment to acid swallowing was more prominent in the HE group than the FH group.
Influence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease on the development of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kasturiratne Anuradhani , Weerasinghe Sanjaya , Dassanayake Anuradha S , Rajindrajith Shaman , de Silva Arjuna P , Kato Norihiro , Wickremasinghe A Rajitha , de Silva H Janaka 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to metabolic syndrome, and is known to be associated with impaired fasting glycemia and diabetes mellitus. This prospective community‐based study was conducted to determine the association between NAFLD and incidence of diabetes mellitus in an urban adult population in Sri Lanka.MethodsParticipants of the Ragama Health Study cohort were assessed for NAFLD using established ultrasound criteria in 2007. Those who were free of diabetes at baseline were followed up for 3 years. Incidence rates of diabetes mellitus were compared between subjects with and without NAFLD at baseline.ResultsOut of 2984 subjects, 926 had NAFLD and 676 had diabetes in 2007. Of the 2276 subjects who were free of diabetes in 2007, 1914 were re‐assessed in 2010. After 3 years, 104 out of 528 subjects with NAFLD and 138 out of 1314 subjects without NAFLD had developed diabetes mellitus de novo. Incidence rates of diabetes were respectively 64.2 and 34 per 1000 person‐years of follow up for those with and without NAFLD. NAFLD was an independent predictor of developing diabetes mellitus. Other independent predictors were impaired fasting glycemia and dyslipidemia.ConclusionsSubjects with ultrasonically diagnosed NAFLD have an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Intervention for NAFLD through lifestyle modification may prevent progression of the current diabetes epidemic.
Histology of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease: Is it predictive of response to proton pump inhibitors?
Authors: Miwa Hiroto , Takubo Kaiyo , Shimatani Tomohiko , Furuta Takahisa , Oshima Tadayuki , Tanaka Junji , Aida Junko , Ito Masanori , Kurosawa Susumu , Joh Takashi , Wada Tsuneya , Habu Yasuki , Watanabe Yusuke , Hongo Michio , Chiba Tsutomu , Kinoshita Yoshikazu ,   The Acid‐Related Symptom Research Group
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and AimTo examine the differences in esophageal histopathology between non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) and reflux esophagitis (RE), and to investigate whether baseline esophageal histopathology can predict the therapeutic response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).MethodThe subjects comprised 94 patients with NERD (n = 71) or mild RE (n = 23). Tissue was biopsied from 5 cm above the squamo‐columnar junction (SCJ), and the degree or presence of nine histopathological markers was assessed. The patients were treated with rabeprazole (RPZ) 10 mg once daily for 4 weeks. If complete heartburn relief was not achieved, RPZ was increased to 10 mg twice daily for another 2 weeks, and then to 20 mg twice daily for another 2 weeks if heartburn remained.ResultsFeatures of esophageal histopathology 5 cm above the SCJ differed between NERD and RE patients. The esophageal histopathology in patients unresponsive to RPZ was characterized by Protein Gene Product (PGP) 9.5 negativity in those with NERD, and intraepithelial bleeding in those with RE. In addition, the combination of dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) (+)/PGP 9.5 (−) was indicative of strong resistance to PPI therapy in NERD patients.ConclusionThe therapeutic efficacy of PPI can be predicted from the features of biopsied esophageal tissue. Factors predictive of resistance to treatment with PPI are negativity for PGP 9.5 in NERD patients and intraepithelial bleeding in RE patients.
Use of imaging in surveillance of women with early stage breast cancer
Authors: Bell Robin J. , Schwarz Max , Fradkin Pamela , Davis Susan R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is no evidence of benefit in terms of survival or quality of life for intensive surveillance of women with early breast cancer (BC) and current guidelines reflect this. We have examined whether Victorian women, nearly 4 years from a diagnosis of localized BC, were being managed according to these guidelines.MethodsParticipants are women in the BUPA Health Foundation Health and Wellbeing after Breast Cancer prospective cohort study. All participants completed an enrolment questionnaire within 12 months of diagnosis and then completed follow‐up questionnaires every 12 months thereafter. In the third follow‐up questionnaire, completed nearly 4 years from the time of diagnosis, women were asked about imaging tests they had in the previous 12 months.ResultsThe analysis was completed on 673 women who were stage 1 at the time of diagnosis and had not reported evidence of recurrence or a new BC since diagnosis. Of the 673, 603 (89.5%) reported having had a mammogram in the previous 12 months and 319 (52.9% of those having a mammogram) reported a breast ultrasound. Seventy‐one per cent of women reported no other imaging investigations in the previous 12 months.ConclusionsOur study shows that, nearly 4 years from diagnosis, Australian practitioners are generally adhering to guidelines about imaging surveillance of BC survivors. Practitioners could use the guidelines for the education of BC survivors about appropriate health surveillance.
Systematic review of computer‐navigated total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Zamora Luis A. , Humphreys Karen J. , Watt Amber M. , Forel Deanne , Cameron Alun L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundConventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the more recently available computer‐navigated total knee arthroplasty (CNTKA) use alternative methods to achieve correct limb alignment. This systematic review was undertaken to assess the safety and effectiveness of CNTKA compared with conventional TKA.MethodsA systematic search of multiple databases identified relevant randomized controlled trials published to August 2012. Study inclusion was established through application of a predetermined protocol, with independent assessment by two reviewers.ResultsThirty randomized controlled trials were included. The majority of adverse events associated with CNTKA were minor and comparable with those seen with conventional TKA. Conversion to conventional TKA was required in 1% of patients undergoing CNTKA. Thirteen trials reporting on satisfactory post‐operative radiological alignment of the mechanical axis in the frontal plane were suitable for meta‐analysis, which showed a significant total odds ratio (non‐event) of 2.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.77–3.04) in favour of CNTKA (P < 0.00001). Clinical outcomes were comparable between the two techniques, with longer‐term follow‐up suggesting that CNTKA provided no benefit over conventional TKA in terms of sustained functional improvements.ConclusionsAt present, it is unclear whether the significant improvements shown in radiological outcomes after CNTKA translate to measurable clinical benefits. Although an assumption could be made that an improvement in post‐operative alignment should lead to an improvement in patient‐related outcomes, the available literature did not clearly show this. Further, long‐term trials are required to address this issue.
Primary liver leiomyoma: a review of this unusual tumour
Authors: Perini Marcos Vinicius , Fink Michael Anthony , Yeo David Andrew , Carvalho Carlos Alberto , Morais Carlos Floriano , Jones Robert McLaren , Christophi Christopher 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPrimary liver leiomyoma (PLL) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions. A literature review has been completed and two cases are reported. The first is a 45‐year‐old white woman complaining of vague abdominal pain. She was initially evaluated with abdominal ultrasonography (US) that revealed a heterogeneous liver mass measuring 18 cm in greatest diameter. The tumour demonstrated hypointensity on T1‐weighted and hyperintensity on T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The second case is a 45‐year‐old Asian male who had undergone kidney transplantation 16 years ago for IgA glomerulonephritis and who developed mild, self‐limiting epigastric pain. US showed a 4.3‐cm‐diameter lesion that was predominantly hypoechoic and was either compressing or arising from segment 2 of the liver. Computed tomography showed a well‐circumscribed 4‐cm‐diameter mass that appeared to be arising from segments 2/3 of the liver and was adjacent to the anterior gastric wall. He underwent an uneventful laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy and discharged on post‐operative day 3. Pathological examination of the resection specimen confirmed the lesion as a PLL in each case. Herein, we report two cases of PLL and review the literature regarding this uncommon disorder.
Occlusal support including that from artificial teeth as an indicator for health promotion among community‐dwelling elderly in Japan
Authors: Kimura Motoshi , Watanabe Misuzu , Tanimoto Yoshimi , Kusabiraki Toshiyuki , Komiyama Maki , Hayashida Itsushi , Kono Koichi 
Published: September 2012

Aim: The Eichner index (EI) is used to evaluate occlusal support. However, this index is based on existing natural tooth contact. This study aimed to establish whether a modified EI that included artificial teeth reflected individual oral condition of elderly people, and to clarify the relationship between this index and: (i) mental condition; (ii) physical condition; and (iii) physical function.Methods: We recruited 286 people (145 men, 141 women) aged 65–79 years. They were divided into three groups by modified EI, and then underwent assessment of oral condition. After establishing that the index was clearly related to oral condition, we investigated psychological factors (satisfaction with life, self‐rated health and anxiety regarding falling), indicators of walking and balance (Timed Up & Go test [TUG] and one‐leg standing balance), physical condition (higher‐level functional capacity [HLFC]: instrumental activities of daily living [IADL], intellectual activity and social role; continuous walking over 15 min; and frequency of outings), and health history in the previous year (history of hospital admissions and falls).Results: Modified EI was a good indicator of occlusal condition. The index was significantly correlated in men with satisfaction with life, TUG test, one‐leg standing balance, overall HLFC and HLFC‐IADL, and in women with TUG test, one‐leg standing balance and HLFC‐Intellectual activity.Conclusion: The evaluation of occlusal support including that from artificial teeth is beneficial in the elderly as an indicator of health and oral function, in particular firm bite.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 539–546.
Association of geriatric conditions and cardiovascular diseases with disability in older adults with diabetes: Findings from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Li Chia‐Lin , Chiu Yi‐Chen , Chang Hsing‐Yi , Hsu Kuang‐Hung , Bai Yuh‐Bin , Wang Hui‐Hsuan 
Published: September 2012

Aim:  To examine how diabetes in combination with cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, heart disease and stroke) and geriatric conditions (cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms) affects the odds of disability in older adults.Methods:  We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of people aged 65 years and over (n = 2727) participating in the 2005 National Health Interview Survey in Taiwan. A total of 473 participants had a history of self‐reported physician diagnosed diabetes. Disability was defined as reporting limitations in one or more tasks of activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) or general physical activities (GPA). The Mini‐Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms.Results:  After adjustment for other factors, cardiovascular diseases and geriatric conditions independently contributed to the excess odds of disability among participants with diabetes. Participants who had diabetes combined with cardiovascular diseases and geriatric conditions had odds ratios for ADL, IADL and GPA disability of 18.02 (95% CI 5.13–63.34), 7.95 (95% CI 4.07–15.50) and 5.89 (95% CI 3.19–10.90), respectively.Conclusion:  Our results highlight the high prevalence of co‐occurrence of cardiovascular diseases with geriatric conditions in people with diabetes. Furthermore, the combined presence of these diseases and conditions is strongly associated with an excess odds of disability. These findings highlight the critical importance of preventing cardiovascular disease morbidity, and improving depressed mood and cognitive function in order to reduce disability risk in older adults with diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 563–570.