bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal analysis of functional and structural disconnection in Alzheimer's disease using multiple kernel SVM
Authors: Dyrba Martin , Grothe Michel , Kirste Thomas , Teipel Stefan J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) patients exhibit alterations in the functional connectivity between spatially segregated brain regions which may be related to both local gray matter (GM) atrophy as well as a decline in the fiber integrity of the underlying white matter tracts. Machine learning algorithms are able to automatically detect the patterns of the disease in image data, and therefore, constitute a suitable basis for automated image diagnostic systems. The question of which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities are most useful in a clinical context is as yet unresolved. We examined multimodal MRI data acquired from 28 subjects with clinically probable AD and 25 healthy controls. Specifically, we used fiber tract integrity as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), GM volume derived from structural MRI, and the graph‐theoretical measures ‘local clustering coefficient’ and ‘shortest path length’ derived from resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) to evaluate the utility of the three imaging methods in automated multimodal image diagnostics, to assess their individual performance, and the level of concordance between them. We ran the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and validated the results using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. For the single imaging modalities, we obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 80% for rs‐fMRI, 87% for DTI, and 86% for GM volume. When it came to the multimodal SVM, we obtained an AUC of 82% using all three modalities, and 89% using only DTI measures and GM volume. Combined multimodal imaging data did not significantly improve classification accuracy compared to the best single measures alone. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2118–2131, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medical image enhancement algorithm based on NSCT and the improved fuzzy contrast
Authors: Wang Jing-jing , Jia Zhen‐hong , Kasabov Nikola 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn order to solve the problem of noise amplification, low contrast and image distortion in the process of medical image enhancement, a new algorithm is proposed which combines NSCT (nonsubsampled contourlet transform) and improved fuzzy contrast. The image is decomposed by NSCT. Firstly, linear enhancement method is used in low frequency coefficients; secondly the improved adaptive threshold function is used to deal with the high frequency coefficients. Finally, the improved fuzzy contrast is used to enhance the global contrast and the Laplace operator is used to enhance the details of the medical images. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the image visual effects, remove the noise and enhance the details of medical images. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 7–14, 2015
The design of composite adaptive morphological filter and applications to Rician noise reduction in MR images
Authors: Yang Shuo , Li Jianxun 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTComposite filters based on morphological operators are getting considerably attractive to medical image denoising. Most of such composite filters depend on classical morphological operators. In this article, an optimal composite adaptive morphological filter (FCAMF) is developed through a genetic programming (GP) training algorithm by using new nonlocal amoeba morphological operators. On one hand, we propose a novel method for formulating and implementing nonlocal amoeba structuring elements (SEs) for input‐adaptive morphological operators. The nonlocal amoeba SEs in the proposed strategy is divided into two parts: one is the patch distance based amoeba center, and another is the geodesic distance based amoeba boundary, by which the nonlocal patch distance and local geodesic distance are both taken into consideration. On the other hand, GP as a supervised learning algorithm is employed for building the FCAMF. In GP module, FCAMF is evolved through evaluating the fitness of several individuals over certain number of generations. The proposed method does not need any prior information about the Rician noise variance. Experimental results on both standard simulated and real MRI data sets show that the proposed filter produces excellent results and outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art filters, especially for highly noisy image. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 15–23, 2015
Performance improvement of multi‐view video coding based on geometric prediction and human visual system
Authors: Li Mian‐Shiuan , Chen Mei‐Juan , Yeh Chia‐Hung , Tai Kuang‐Han 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis article proposed an accurate disparity vector prediction (DVP) algorithm for multi‐view video coding. Differing from traditional DVP that uses the information of motion vectors of neighboring blocks, the geometry of the camera position is utilized to calculate the parallax of different viewpoints in this algorithm and this parallax is the foundation of DVP. We jointly applied the Just‐Noticeable‐Difference human visual model to the DVP. After filtered using Gaussian function, the geometric DVP was obtained. Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved significant data reduction and subjective/objective quality enhancement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 41–49, 2015
Evaluation of a power injection system in the 7‐Tesla MRI environment
Authors: Dula Adrienne N. , Shellock Frank G. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe injection of contrast media enables the visualization of various pathologies through X‐ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or other medical imaging modalities. Safety and functionality of power injector systems must be evaluated at high magnetic fields (7‐Tesla). The purpose of this study was to evaluate MRI issues for a power injection system (OptiStar Elite MR Contrast Delivery System, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Hazelwood, MO) at 7‐Tesla including magnetic field interaction and 31 injector performance tests. Additionally, effects of operation of the power injection system on MR images were evaluated through observation of image artifacts and signal to noise analysis. The components of the power injection system (powerhead, syringes) exhibited no translational attraction when close to 7‐Tesla MR system. Translational attraction was detected for the power supply, power control, and cables, therefore there is a requirement to maintain these components fixed outside of the 0.1000 Tesla line. 7‐Tesla MR scanning did not impact power injection performance. The power injection system produced no discernible image artifacts or degradation when the power controls and powerhead were positioned in the worst‐case position. The power injection system tested for MRI issues passed evaluation for safety and operation at 7‐Tesla and is labeled MR Conditional for use at 7‐T. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 50–55, 2015
Multiview cluster ensembles for multimodal MRI segmentation
Authors: Méndez C. Andrés , Summers Paul , Menegaz Gloria 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIt has been shown that the combination of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images can improve the discrimination of diseased tissue. The fusion of dissimilar imaging data for classification and segmentation purposes, however, is not a trivial task, as there is an inherent difference in information domains, dimensionality, and scales. This work proposed a multiview consensus clustering methodology for the integration of multimodal MR images into a unified segmentation aiming at heterogeneity assessment in tumoral lesions. Using a variety of metrics and distance functions this multiview imaging approach calculated multiple vectorial dissimilarity‐spaces for each MRI modality and it maked use of cluster ensembles to combine a set of unsupervised base segmentations into an unified partition of the voxel‐based data. The methodology was demonstrated with simulated data in application to dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and diffusion tensor imaging MR, for which a manifold learning step was implemented in order to account for the geometric constrains of the high dimensional diffusion information. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 56–67, 2015
Influence of the background water matrix on the hybrid ceramic MF/O3 system and correlation between pollutants rejection and membrane fouling
Authors: Szymanska Katarzyna , Zouboulis Anastasios I , Zamboulis Dimitrios 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this work was the investigation of background water matrix impact on the effectiveness of a hybrid process, combining ceramic membrane microfiltration with oxidation processes for the treatment of surface water. The implementation of ozone‐based oxidation during membrane filtration is expected to improve the overall process effectiveness, to enhance the permeate quality and to mitigate membrane fouling.RESULTSThe novel hybrid reactor consisted of a submerged ceramic membrane, while the gas‐containing ozone was introduced with the aid of ceramic gas spargers, producing fine bubbles. Total consumption of ozone during the experiments was achieved. Single ozonation experiments and ozonation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide were performed, as well as single microfiltration (MF). The novelty of this study is connected with the specific investigation of the carbonates and background ions influence on the effectiveness of various membrane hybrid treatment processes; the fouling process and mechanism during the application of membrane filtration was also examined. The connection between permeate quality and the extent of membrane fouling was also discussed.CONCLUSIONSIn the absence of carbonates in the treated water the hybrid processes resulted in a TOC removal up to 75%, while membrane fouling was substantially reduced. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular regulation of tendon cell fate during development
Authors: Huang Alice H. , Lu Helen H. , Schweitzer Ronen 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough there have been several advances identifying novel mediators of tendon induction, differentiation, and patterning, much of the basic landscape of tendon biology from developmental stages onward remain almost completely undefined. During the New Frontiers in Tendon Research meeting, a group of developmental biologists with expertise across musculoskeletal disciplines identified key challenges for the tendon development field. The tools generated and the molecular regulators identified in developmental research have enhanced mechanistic studies in tendon injury and repair, both by defining benchmarks for success, as well as informing regenerative strategies. To address the needs of the orthopedic research community, this review will therefore focus on three key areas in tendon development that may have critical implications for the fields of tendon repair/regeneration and tendon tissue engineering, including functional markers of tendon cell identity, signaling regulators of tendon induction and differentiation, and in vitro culture models for tendon cell differentiation. Our goal is to provide a useful list of the currently known molecular players and their function in tendon differentiation within the context of development. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:800–812, 2015.
Ultrasound assessment of the effectiveness of carpal tunnel release on median nerve deformation
Authors: Yoshii Yuichi , Ishii Tomoo , Tung Wen‐lin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTo assess the biomechanical effect of carpal tunnel release (CTR), we evaluated the deformation and displacement patterns of the median nerve before and after CTR in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. Sixteen wrists of 14 idiopathic CTS patients who had open CTR and 26 wrists of 13 asymptomatic volunteers were evaluated by ultrasound. Cross‐sectional images of the carpal tunnel during motion from full finger extension to flexion were recorded. The area, perimeter, aspect ratio of a minimum enclosing rectangle, and circularity of the median nerve were measured in finger extension and flexion positions. Deformation indices, determined by the flexion–extension ratio for each parameter, were compared before and after CTR. After CTR, the deformation indices of perimeter and circularity became significantly larger and the aspect ratio became significantly smaller than those before CTR (p < 0.05). Those differences were more obvious when comparing the values between the patients before CTR and the controls. Since the deformation indices after CTR are similar to the patterns of normal subjects, the surrounding structures and environment of the median nerve may be normalized upon CTR. This may be a way to tell how the median nerves recover after CTR. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:726–730, 2015.
Biomechanical evaluation of flexor tendon graft with different repair techniques and graft surface modification
Authors: Wu Jingheng , Thoreson Andrew R. , Reisdorf Ramona L. , An Kai‐Nan , Moran Steven L. , Amadio Peter C. , Zhao Chunfeng 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of modified repair techniques for flexor tendon reconstruction and the effects of surface modification using carbodiimide‐derivatized synovial fluid plus gelatin (cd‐SF‐G), compared to the traditional repair techniques. The second and fifth digits from 16 canine forepaws were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) traditional graft repairs (TGR group) including distal Bunnell repair and proximal Pulvertaft weave repair; (2) modified graft repairs (MGR group) including distal graft bony attachment repair and proximal step‐cut repair; (3) group TGR coated with cd‐SF‐G (TGR‐C group); and (4) group MGR coated with cd‐SF‐G (MGR‐C group). Digit normalized work of flexion (nWOF), ultimate failure strength, and stiffness were measured. The nWOF in MGR group was significantly less than TGR group (p < 0.05). The nWOF in groups treated with cd‐SF‐G was significantly less than their untreated counterparts (p < 0.05). Ultimate load to failure of the MGR‐C group was significantly greater than the TGR‐C group (p < 0.05), but no significant difference in stiffness was found between these two groups. The modified techniques cannot only improve tendon gliding abilities but can also improve breaking strength. Additionally, surface modification with cd‐SF‐G significantly decreased the work of flexion. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:731–737, 2015.
Tensile properties of craniofacial tendons in the mature and aged zebrafish
Authors: Shah Rishita R. , Nerurkar Nandan L. , Wang Calvin C. , Galloway Jenna L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe zebrafishDanio reriois a powerful model for the study of development, regenerative biology, and human disease. However, the analysis of load‐bearing tissues such as tendons and ligaments has been limited in this system. This is largely due to technical limitations that preclude accurate measurement of their mechanical properties. Here, we present a custom tensile testing system that applies nano‐Newton scale forces to zebrafish tendons as small as 1 mm in length. Tendon properties were remarkably similar to mammalian tendons, including stress–strain nonlinearity and a linear modulus (515 ± 152 MPa) that aligned closely with mammalian data. Additionally, a simple exponential constitutive law used to describe tendon mechanics was successfully fit to zebrafish tendons; the associated material constants agreed with literature values for mammalian tendons. Finally, mature and aged zebrafish comparisons revealed a significant decline in mechanical function with age. Based on the exponential constitutive model, age‐related changes were primarily caused by a reduction in nonlinearity (e.g., changes in collagen crimp or fiber recruitment). These findings demonstrate the utility of zebrafish as a model to study tendon biomechanics in health and disease. Moreover, these findings suggest that tendon mechanical behavior is highly conserved across vertebrates. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:867–873, 2015.
Effects of neuromuscular fatigue on electromechanical delay of the leg extensors and flexors in young men and women
Authors: Conchola Eric C. , Thiele Ryan M. , Palmer Ty B. , Smith Doug B. , Thompson Brennan J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We examined the effects of neuromuscular fatigue on volitional electromechanical delay (EMD) of leg extensors and flexors between genders. Methods: Twenty‐one men and 20 women performed 2 maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), followed by intermittent isometric contractions of leg extensors and flexors using a 0.6 duty cycle (6‐s contraction, 4‐s relaxation) at 50% of MVC until volitional fatigue was achieved. MVCs were again performed at 0, 7, 15, and 30 min post‐fatigue. Results: EMD was greater compared with baseline at all post‐fatigue time phases for the leg flexors (P = 0.001–0.007), while EMD was greater at Post0, Post15 and Post30 (P = 0.001–0.023) for the leg extensors. EMD was also greater for leg extensors compared with leg flexors only at Post0. Conclusion: No differential gender‐related fatigue effects on EMD were shown. There were different fatigue‐induced responses between leg extensors and flexors, with leg extensors exhibiting higher EMD immediately post‐fatigue. Muscle Nerve 52: 844–851, 2015
BCR–JAK2 drives a myeloproliferative neoplasm in transplanted mice
Authors: Cuesta‐Domínguez Álvaro , León‐Rico Diego , Álvarez Lara , Díez Begoña , Bodega‐Mayor Irene , Baños Rocío , Martín‐Rey Miguel Ángel , Santos‐Roncero Matilde , Gaspar María Luisa , Martín‐Acosta Paloma , Almarza Elena , Bueren Juan A. , Río Paula , Fernández‐Ruiz Elena 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBCR–JAK2 is an infrequent gene fusion found in chronic/acute, myeloid/lymphoid Philadelphia chromosome‐negative leukaemia. In this study, we demonstrated that in vivo expression of BCR–JAK2 in mice induces neoplasia, with fatal consequences. Transplantation of BCR–JAK2 bone marrow progenitors promoted splenomegaly, with megakaryocyte infiltration and elevated leukocytosis of myeloid origin. Analysis of peripheral blood revealed the presence of immature myeloid cells, platelet aggregates and ineffective erythropoiesis. A possible molecular mechanism for these observations involved inhibition of apoptosis by deregulated expression of the anti‐apoptotic mediator Bcl‐xL and the serine/threonine kinase Pim1. Together, these data provide a suitable in vivo molecular mechanism for leukaemia induction by BCR–JAK2 that validates the use of this model as a relevant preclinical tool for the design of new targeted therapies in Philadelphia chromosome‐negative leukaemia involving BCR–JAK2‐driven activation of the JAK2 pathway. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A monolithically integrated high‐efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 mini‐module structured solely by laser
Authors: Nishiwaki Shiro , Burn Andreas , Buecheler Stephan , Muralt Martin , Pilz Sönke , Romano Valerio , Witte Reiner , Krainer Lukas , Spühler Gabriel J. , Tiwari Ayodhya N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMonolithically integrated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 mini‐modules were fabricated in order to reduce the width of patterning related dead area. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers were prepared on soda‐lime glasses using the multistage process at low substrate temperature below 500 °C. A picosecond laser with a wavelength of 532 nm was used for all of the structuring processes (P1, P2, and P3) for the monolithic integration. A “lift‐off” type structuring was applied for P1 and P3, and an “ablation” type was for P2. The laser structuring was optimized to be minimizing the dead area width, and the width of about 70 µm was successfully achieved. A mini‐module, in which the optimized structuring processes were applied for the integration, demonstrated a certified efficiency of 16.6%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and utilization of LaVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles as fluorescent near‐field optical sensors
Authors: Nedilko S. G. , Chukova O. , Hizhnyi Yu. , Nedilko S. A. , Voitenko T. , Billot L. , Aigouy L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report the use of fluorescent La1‐xEuxVO4 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) nanoparticles as near‐field optical sensors. A single particle was glued at the end of a sharp atomic force microscope tip and scanned on the surface of a test sample made of sub‐micron sized holes in a thin silver film. Illumination of the sample was performed at λ = 532 nm in a transmission configuration. The light transmitted through the apertures induced the fluorescence of europium ions. The collection of the fluorescence light as a function of the tip position above the surface allowed to map the near‐field distribution in the vicinity of the holes, at different heights above the surface showing the beam divergence in free space above the sample. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
XPS study of MoO3 and WO3 oxide surface modification by low‐energy Ar+ ion bombardment
Authors: Alov Nikolai V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe surface modification of oxides MoO3and WO3 under irradiation by Ar+ ions with an energy of 3 keV in high vacuum is investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is shown that under irradiation by Ar+ ions lower and intermediate oxides and unoxidized metals are formed in the surface layers of higher oxides. It is found that the process of ion‐beam reduction of the surface of oxides MoO3and WO3 substantially depends on the irradiation dose and difference in energy of the metal–oxygen bond in oxides. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ERA‐20CM: a twentieth‐century atmospheric model ensemble
Authors: Hersbach Hans , Peubey Carole , Simmons Adrian , Berrisford Paul , Poli Paul , Dee Dick 
Published: February 2015

This article describes an ensemble of ten atmospheric model integrations for the years 1899–2010, performed at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Horizontal spectral resolution is T159 (about 125 km), using 91 levels in the vertical from the surface up to 1 Pa, and a time step of 1 h. This ensemble, denoted by ERA‐20CM, formed the first step toward a twentieth‐century reanalysis within ERA‐CLIM, a three‐year European funded project involving nine partners.Sea‐surface temperature and sea‐ice cover are prescribed by an ensemble of realizations (HadISST2), as recently produced by the Met Office Hadley Centre within ERA‐CLIM. Variation in these realizations reflect uncertainties in the available observational sources on which this product is based. Forcing terms in the model radiation scheme follow CMIP5 recommendations. Any effect of their uncertainty is neglected. These terms include solar forcing, greenhouse gases, ozone and aerosols. Both the ocean surface and radiative forcing incorporate a proper long‐term evolution of climate trends in the twentieth century, and the occurrence of major events, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillations and volcanic eruptions.No atmospheric observations were assimilated. For this reason ERA‐20CM is not able to reproduce actual synoptic situations. However, the ensemble is able to provide a statistical estimate of the climate. Overall, the temperature rise over land is in fair agreement with the CRUTEM4 observational product. Over the last two decades the warming over land exceeds the warming over sea, which is consistent with models participating in the CMIP5 project, as well as with the ECMWF ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Some aspects of warming and of the hydrological cycle are discerned, and the model response to volcanic eruptions is qualitatively correct.The data from ERA‐20CM are freely available, embracing monthly‐mean fields for many atmospheric and ocean‐wave quantities, and synoptic fields for a small, essential subset.