bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of thermospheric composition and ionospheric density caused by quasi 2 day wave dissipation
Authors: Yue Jia , Wang Wenbin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUsing the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics–general circulation model, we investigate the effect of quasi 2 day wave (QTDW) dissipation on thermospheric composition (O/N2) and ionospheric electron density during solar minimum. The overall thermospheric and ionospheric changes induced by the QTDW are evaluated by running the model with and without QTDW forcing imposed at the model lower boundary. The dissipation of the westward propagating QTDW in the lower thermosphere causes westward mean wind acceleration and drives a poleward meridional circulation. The circulation induced by the QTDW, as determined by the difference between the mean wind patterns of a run with the QTDW and a base run without the QTDW, enhances the mixing of constituents in the lower thermosphere. Through molecular diffusion, the decrease of the O mixing ratio and the increase of the N2 and O2 mixing ratios propagate from the lower thermosphere into the upper thermosphere. As a result, the O/N2 ratio near the ionospheric F2 peak is reduced by about 16–20% at low and midlatitudes. This in turn produces an approximately 16–32% depletion in the F2 peak electron density at low and midlatitudes. The simulated decrease of electron density during a QTDW event is in quantitative agreement with published observations. This work suggests a new major pathway for the traveling planetary wave from the lower atmosphere to affect the thermosphere and ionosphere via dissipation and mean wind acceleration.
Questions on therapy with DPP‐4 inhibitors and bone homeostasis
Authors: Napoli Nicola 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA recent study from Gallagher et al. aimed to investigate the effect of a new depeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 inhibitor, MK‐0626, on bone turnover in a mouse model developing insulin resistance and diabetes (MKR mice). Authors have found that treatment with MK‐0626 did not affect either MKR mice fasting glucose or parameters of bone metabolism. These data are not in accordance with previous findings, raising questions on the possible protective effect of depeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 inhibitors on bone loss. Given the negative effects on the bone caused by some antidiabetic drugs, results from this study may be disappointing, but a neutral effect on the bone is still reassuring. However, some aspects of this study should be considered in order to explain these results, and more studies are needed to better understand the effect of this class of drugs on the bone health in humans. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the accuracy of discontinuous Galerkin schemes at boundary layers
Authors: Hindenlang Florian J. , Gassner Gregor J. , Munz Claus‐Dieter 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe resolution of boundary layers typically requires fine grids in the wall normal direction, which leads to anisotropic elements being refined towards the wall. Best practice guidelines for the mesh generation of stretched boundary layer grids exist for the finite volume or finite difference discretizations. A similar resolution of boundary layers with DG schemes can be achieved with a coarser grid because of the subgrid resolution of the DG scheme. High order schemes incorporate the possibility of high order element mappings, resulting in different resolution properties inside the element. In this paper, we show that the use of an internal element mapping in combination with a stretched grid can be used to reduce the error of the boundary layer approximation by an order of magnitude in comparison with the classical linear internal element mapping. The boundary layer is modeled by a one‐dimensional singular perturbation problem. In addition, we discuss the construction of the element mappings by interpolation and investigate the limits of the stretching function such that the resulting element Jacobian remains positive. A parameter study shows the influence of the element mapping for different polynomial degrees on the solution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 50 kW PEMFC Pilot Plant Operated with Industry Grade Hydrogen – System Design and Site Integration
Authors: Keränen T. M. , Karimäki H. , Nikiforow K. , Kukkonen S. , Uusalo H. , Viitakangas J. , Ihonen J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe chlor‐alkali industry produces high amounts of hydrogen as a by‐product of processes based on electrolytic cells. In order to improve the process' efficiency, plant operators seek ways to utilize this potential and fuel cells offer a sensible solution, producing electricity at high efficiency. PEMFC has already been demonstrated to be successful in this niche market application with a few commercial scale installations. In the DuraDemo project, a 50 kW stationary PEMFC pilot plant has been designed in a publicly funded national project involving partners from different parts of the value chain. The plant serves as an experimental platform for evaluation of BoP and power electronics components, as well as hydrogen quality studies. The system design is targeted to be commercially viable and a large amount of extra instrumentation and experimental monitoring equipment are utilized in the pilot plant to analyze its behavior. The pilot plant is fully automated and capable of independent operation with remote monitoring and data logging capability. The system design of the pilot plant is presented, including BoP component selection and characterization of the main components. Final assembly testing results, integration of the plant at its demonstration site and safety analysis work will be reported.
Molecular profiling in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Segiet Oliwia Anna , Deska Mariusz , Michalski Marek , Gawrychowski Jacek , Wojnicz Romuald 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, defined by hypersecretion of parathormone. Primary HPT can be caused by adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma. A great amount of mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, such as genetic predispositions because of the germline‐inactivating mutations in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and HRPT2 tumor suppressor genes. Somatic mutations in these genes were found also in sporadic parathyroid neoplasias. Cell cycle regulators, growth factors, apoptosis‐inducing ligands, death receptors, and other transmitter substances have also been implicated in the etiology of primary HPT. Parathyroid carcinoma is often misdiagnosed as parathyroid adenoma and long‐term survival is conditioned by the extent of the primary surgical resection, therefore, of great interest is the discovery of definitive diagnostic markers for carcinoma. This article presents current state of knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of primary HPT. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2014 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 299‐307, 2015
Altered Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Osteoclast Precursor Frequency in Cathepsin K Null Mice
Authors: Jacome‐Galarza Christian , Soung Do Yu , Adapala Naga Suresh , Pickarski Maureen , Sanjay Archana , Duong Le T. , Lorenzo Joseph A. , Drissi Hicham 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTCathepsin K (CatK) is a lysosomal cysteine protease necessary for bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs), which originate from myeloid hematopoietic precursors. CatK‐deficient (CatK−/−) mice show osteopetrosis due to defective resorption by OCs, which are increased in number in these mice. We investigated whether genetic ablation of CatK altered the number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and OC precursor cells (OCPs) using two mouse models: CatK−/− mice and a knock‐in mouse model in which the CatK gene (ctsk) is replaced by cre recombinase. We found that CatK deletion in mice significantly increased the number of HSCs in the spleen and decreased their number in bone marrow. In contrast, the number of early OCPs was unchanged in the bone marrow. However, the number of committed CD11b+ OCPs was increased in the bone marrow of CatK−/− compared to wild‐type (WT) mice. In addition, the percentage but not the number of OCPs was decreased in the spleen of CatK−/− mice relative to WT. To understand whether increased commitment to OC lineage in CatK−/− mice is influenced by the bone marrow microenvironment, CatKCre/+ or CatKCre/Cre red fluorescently labeled OCPs were injected into WT mice, which were also subjected to a mid‐diaphyseal femoral fracture. The number of OCs derived from the intravenously injected CatKCre/Cre OCPs was lower in the fracture callus compared to mice injected with CatK+/Cre OCPs. Hence, in addition to its other effects, the absence of CatK in OCP limits their ability to engraft in a repairing fracture callus compared to WT OCP. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1449–1457, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Manganese‐enhanced MRI of minimally gadolinium‐enhancing breast tumors
Authors: Ganesh Tameshwar , Mokhtari Reza Bayat , Alhamami Mosa , Yeger Herman , Cheng Hai‐Ling Margaret 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo investigate the potential of manganese (Mn)‐enhanced MRI for sensitive detection and delineation of tumors that demonstrate little enhancement on Gd‐DTPA.Materials and MethodsEighteen nude rats bearing 1 to 2 cm in diameter orthotopic breast tumors (ZR75 and LM2) were imaged on a 3 Tesla (T) clinical scanner. Gd‐DTPA was administered intravenously and MnCl2 subcutaneously, both at 0.05 mmol/kg. T1‐weighted imaging and T1 measurements were performed precontrast, 10 min post‐Gd‐DTPA, and 24 h post‐MnCl2. Tumors were excised and histologically assessed using H&E (composition and necrosis) and CD34 (vascularity).ResultsMost tumors (78%) demonstrated little enhancement (< 20% change in R1) on Gd‐DTPA. MnCl2 administration achieved greater and more uniform enhancement throughout the tumor mass (i.e., not restricted to the tumor periphery), with R1 changing over 20% in 72% of tumors. MnCl2‐induced R1 changes compared with Gd‐induced changes were significantly greater in both ZR75 (P < 0.01) and LM2 tumors (P < 0.05). Histology confirmed very low vascularity in both tumor models, and necrotic areas were well delineated only on Mn‐enhanced MRI.ConclusionMn‐enhanced MRI is a promising approach for detection of low‐Gd‐enhancing tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:806–813. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal surgery in complicated monoamniotic pregnancies: case series and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Peeters Suzanne H. P. , Devlieger Roland , Middeldorp Johanna M. , DeKoninck Philip , Deprest Jan , Lopriore Enrico , Lewi Liesbeth , Klumper Frans J. , Kontopoulos Eftichia , Quintero Ruben , Oepkes Dick 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze perinatal outcome in monoamniotic (MA) pregnancies that underwent antenatal surgical interventions for fetal complications.MethodsReview of all MA pregnancies treated with antenatal surgical interventions in three fetal treatment centers between 2000 and 2013. Indications were twin–twin transfusion syndrome, twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, discordant anomalies, or elective reduction. We analyzed associations between indication, type of intervention, perinatal survival, and gestational age (GA) at birth and compared our results with a systematic review of the literature.ResultsFifty‐eight MA pregnancies were included. Median GA at treatment was 18.0 weeks (range: 13.1–33.0). Procedures included cord coagulation plus transection (n = 42), cord coagulation without transection (n = 7), laser coagulation of placental anastomoses (n = 7), and one case each with interstitial laser and radiofrequency ablation. Median GA at birth was 34 weeks (range 16.0–41.0), and 75% (53/71) of fetuses intended to survive indeed survived. Literature review included 20 articles, reporting on a total of 45 cases of surgically treated MA pregnancies, showing similar outcome results.ConclusionWe present the largest series concerning surgical interventions in complicated MA pregnancies. Despite being rare in experienced hands, a 75% survival is achieved. Collaboration between centers, data sharing, and benchmarking may further improve outcome. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tiefe möglichst ohne Rausch
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Thaller Sigrid 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLuftmangel erlaubt unserem ans Landleben angepassten Körper nur kurze Tauchgänge. Nur trainierte Apnoetaucher können bis zu zehn Minuten ohne Atmen unter Wasser bleiben und mit Hilfsmitteln Tauchtiefen jenseits von 200 m erreichen. Grundsätzlich sorgt der mit der Tiefe linear zunehmende Wasserdruck für kritische Effekte im Körper. Bei Schnorcheln als Atemhilfe begrenzt die Druckdifferenz zum Lungeninnendruck die Tauchtiefe sehr stark. Das Gerätetauchen mit Pressluftflaschen sorgt für einen Druckausgleich zwischen Lunge und Umgebung und erlaubt daher viel größere Tauchtiefen. Der Wasserdruck kann verschiedene Taucherkrankheiten verursachen, deren Ursachen Druckdifferenzen oder die Partialdrücke der Gasbestandteile in der Atemluft sind.
Die Wetter‐Zeitmaschine
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan , Martius Olivia , Dierer Silke 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHistorische Wetterbeobachtungen vor 1950 liegen als reine Bodendaten der Wetterstationen vor. Neue numerische Verfahren erlauben trotzdem eine globale, dreidimensionale Wetterrekonstruktion viel weiter zurück in die Vergangenheit. Dies gelingt durch die Kombination von Messungen des Luftdrucks, dessen Verteilung am Boden ein Abbild der dreidimensionalen atmosphärischen Zirkulation liefert, mit einem numerischen Wettervorhersagemodell. Mit diesen Daten kann man beispielsweise Sturmschäden besser untersuchen und Veränderungen in den Sturmhäufigkeiten bestimmen.
Als die Erde ein Schneeball war
Authors: Losch Martin , Hanfland Claudia 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEs gibt viele geologische Hinweise darauf, dass die Erde vor etwa 850 bis 635 Millionen Jahren phasenweise fast vollständig mit Eis bedeckt war. In einer solchen Klimaphase schirmte ein dicker Eispanzer den Ozean von den Einflüssen der Atmosphäre ab. Trotzdem konnte sich, angetrieben von Geothermie am Ozeanboden, eine ganz besondere Ozeanzirkulation entwickeln. Ihre Charakteristika unterscheiden sich deutlich von der heutigen Zirkulation. Sie könnte das Überleben von damaligen Mikroben‐ und Algenpopulationen in eisfreien Küstenoasen gewährleistet haben.
Physiker mit Braunstich
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEs ist unbestritten, dass er viele Verdienste um die Physik erworben hat. Dennoch sucht man vergebens physikalische Theorien oder Formeln, die seinen Namen tragen. Auch den Nobelpreis, für den er zweimal vorgeschlagen wird, erhält er nie. Als Quantenmechaniker und Quantenfeldtheoretiker steht er in der zweiten Reihe, und das, obwohl er beispielsweise maßgeblich daran beteiligt ist, Heisenbergs mathematische Erfindungen in der Quantenmechanik als Elemente der Matrix‐Algebra zu identifizieren – in einer Arbeit mit seinem Lehrer Max Born.
Hochauflösende Holografie
Authors: Zentgraf Thomas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeit der Erfindung der Holografie durch Dennis Gabor im Jahr 1947 hat sich die Technik zur Erzeugung räumlicher Bilder deutlich weiterentwickelt. Jedoch existieren immer noch einige Beschränkungen in der räumlichen Auflösung und des möglichen Betrachtungswinkels. Durch den Einsatz moderner Nanotechnologie ist es unserer Gruppe für ultraschnelle Nanophotonik an der Universität Paderborn kürzlich gelungen, hochauflösende Hologramme zu realisieren.
Riesenatom im Bose‐Einstein‐Kondensat
Authors: Balewski Jonathan , Hofferberth Sebastian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDas Verständnis der Wechselwirkung von Elektronen mit Materie ist wesentlich für die Lösung fundamentaler Fragestellungen und technischer Probleme. Unsere Gruppe an der Universität Stuttgart untersuchte kürzlich ein einzelnes mikrometergroßes Rydberg‐Atom, das mehrere zehntausend normale Atome in seinem Elektronenorbital enthält. Damit realisierten wir erstmals ein Modellsystem im Labor, bei dem sich die Wechselwirkung eines einzelnen Elektrons mit vielen Atomen in seinem Orbital studieren lässt.
Design of finite dimensional robust H ∞  distributed consensus filters for dissipative PDE systems with sensor networks
Authors: Wang Hong‐Du , Wu Huai‐Ning 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis paper presents a design method of finite dimensional robust H ∞  distributed consensus filters (DCFs) for a class of dissipative nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) systems with a sensor network, for which the eigenvalue spectrum of the spatial differential operator can be partitioned into a finite dimensional slow one and an infinite dimensional stable fast complement. Initially, the modal decomposition technique is applied to the PDE system to derive a finite dimensional ordinary differential equation system that accurately describes the dynamics of the dominant (slow) modes of the PDE system. Then, based on the slow subsystem, a set of finite dimensional robust H ∞  DCFs are developed to enforce the consensus of the slow mode estimates and state estimates of all local filters for all admissible nonlinear dynamics and observation spillover, while attenuating the effect of external disturbances. The Luenberger and consensus gains of the proposed DCFs can be obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Furthermore, by the existing LMI optimization technique, a suboptimal design of robust H ∞  DCFs is proposed in the sense of minimizing the attenuation level. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed DCFs is demonstrated on the state estimation of one dimensional Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation system with a sensor network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Two Novel Lead(II) Frameworks: From 1D Infinite Helical Pb–(O–C–O)–Pb Linkage to 3D Infinite Pb–X–Pb Network (X = O and Br)
Authors: Wang You You , Liu Yuan Yuan , Xu Yao Yao , Ding Bin , Wang Xiu Guang , Xia Jun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAbstract. Two aliphatic dicarboxy1ic acid ligands, iminodiacetic acid (H2L1) and 3,3‐thiodipropionic acid (H2L2), were used to construct two novel lead(II) frameworks, namely, [Pb(μ4‐L1)Br]n (1) and [Pb3(μ9‐L2)(μ2‐Br)2Br2]n (2), under hydrothermal conditions. It has to be noted that for 1 the central PbII ions are bridged by L2– ligands resulting in infinite right‐ and left‐handed helical Pb–(O–C–O)–Pb linkage. Compound 2 represents a novel 3D hybrid luminescent lead(II) framework with I3O0 type connectivity. For 2 infinite 2D Pb–O–Pb inorganic layers and trinuclear Pb3Br4 clusters are inter‐linked forming a 3D inorganic connectivity. In 1 the five‐coordinate central PbII ions adopt a hemi‐directed coordination arrangement, whereas in 2 six‐coordinate Pb1, six‐coordinate Pb2, and four‐coordinate Pb3 atoms adopt hemi‐directed coordination arrangements. The variable lead(II) coordination environment and flexible coordination modes of carboxy1ic acid ligands such as H2L1 and H2L2 also reveal great potential for constructing novel inorganic‐organic hybrid materials. Furthermore TGA, FT‐IR, PXRD, elemental analysis, and photo‐luminescent properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.
Contributions to the Chemistry of the Cyclopentadienyl Complex [Cp∧RuCl2]2 (“Cp‐roof” = η5‐1‐Methoxy‐2,4‐tert‐butyl‐3‐neopentylcyclopentadienyl)
Authors: Risse Julie , Dutta Barnali , Solari Euro , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay 
Published: March 2014

Abstract The dimeric ruthenium complex [Cp∧RuCl2]2 is easily accessible in a one‐pot reaction from RuCl3(solv)n and tert‐butylacetylene. It features sterically very demanding “Cp‐roof” ligands (Cp∧ = η5‐1‐methoxy‐2,4‐tert‐butyl‐3‐neopentylcyclopentadienyl), which impart a unique reactivity. Herein we describe the synthesis and the characterization of novel Cp∧Ru complexes bearing a bridging carbene ligand, a linear imido ligand, or an orthometalated phosphine ligand. Furthermore, the microwave‐assisted syntheses of the bimetallic complexes [Cp∧Ru(μ‐Cl)3Ru(p‐cymene)] and [Cp∧Ru(μ‐Cl)3RhCp*] are described.
Anomalous First Thoracic Rib as a Cause of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with Upper Trunk Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Hidlay Douglas T. , Graham R. Scott , Isaacs Jonathan E. 
Published: March 2014

Background Thoracic outlet syndrome is an uncommon cause of upper extremity neuropathy resulting from either neurogenic or vascular compromise in the thoracic outlet. Congenital anomalies as the cause of this disease process represent a minority of cases, and the literature regarding their surgical management is still evolving. Case Report A 42-year-old female without any relevant history presented to a clinic for evaluation of worsening neuropathic symptoms in the upper left extremity. Initial physical exam was unremarkable, and MRI identified an anomalous first rib, but no abnormality of the brachial plexus. The patient was managed conservatively for almost 4 years before symptoms became debilitating. Physical exam at that time found atrophy and weakness in the muscles supplied by the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and CT demonstrated anomalies of the bone and brachial plexus not apparent on previous MRI. Neurolysis with local resection of the abnormal bone led to successful resolution of the patient's symptoms. Conclusion Identification of a rare congenital anomaly allowed for a precise surgical treatment of the condition. The importance of careful selection of modality and review of imaging in diagnosis and operative planning is discussed.
Linoleic Acid Suppresses Cholesterol Efflux and ATP‐Binding Cassette Transporters in Murine Bone Marrow‐Derived Macrophages
Authors: Spartano Nicole L. , Lamon‐Fava Stefania , Matthan Nirupa R. , Obin Martin S. , Greenberg Andrew S. , Lichtenstein Alice H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly associated with elevated plasma free fatty acid concentrations. Paradoxically, evidence suggests that unsaturated, compared to saturated fatty acids, suppress macrophage cholesterol efflux, favoring cholesterol accumulation in the artery wall. Murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) were used to further explore the relationship between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol efflux mediated by ATP‐binding cassette transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) through transcription factors liver‐x‐receptor‐alpha (LXR‐α) and sterol receptor element binding protein (SREBP)‐1. BMDM isolated from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 100 μM linoleic acid (18:2) or palmitic acid (16:0) for 16 h, and 25 μg/mL oxidized low density lipoprotein for an additional 24 h. ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression was suppressed to a greater extent by 18:2 (60 % and 54 %, respectively) than 16:0 (30 % and 29 %, respectively) relative to the control (all p < 0.01). 18:2 decreased ABCA1 protein levels by 94 % and high density lipoprotein (HDL) mediated cholesterol efflux by 53 % (both p < 0.05), and had no significant effect on ABCG1, LXR‐α or SREBP‐1 protein levels. 16:0 had no effect on ABCA1, ABCG1, LXR‐α or SREBP‐1 protein expression or HDL‐mediated cholesterol efflux. These results suggest that 18:2, relative to 16:0, attenuated macrophage HDL‐mediated cholesterol efflux through down regulation of ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels but not through changes in LXR‐α or SREBP‐1 expression. The effect of 18:2 relative to 16:0 on macrophages cholesterol homeostasis may exacerbate the predisposition of individuals with T2DM to increased CVD risk.