bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Types of diagnostic errors in neurological emergencies in the emergency department
Authors: Dubosh Nicole M. , Edlow Jonathan A. , Lefton Micah , Pope Jennifer V. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background: Neurological emergencies often pose diagnostic challenges for emergency physicians because these patients often present with atypical symptoms and standard imaging tests are imperfect. Misdiagnosis occurs due to a variety of errors. These can be classified as knowledge gaps, cognitive errors, and systems-based errors. The goal of this study was to describe these errors through review of quality assurance (QA) records.

Methods: This was a retrospective pilot study of patients with neurological emergency diagnoses that were missed or delayed at one urban, tertiary academic emergency department. Cases meeting inclusion criteria were identified through review of QA records. Three emergency physicians independently reviewed each case and determined the type of error that led to the misdiagnosis. Proportions, confidence intervals, and a reliability coefficient were calculated.

Results: During the study period, 1168 cases were reviewed. Forty-two cases were found to include a neurological misdiagnosis and twenty-nine were determined to be the result of an error. The distribution of error types was as follows: knowledge gap 45.2% (95% CI 29.2, 62.2), cognitive error 29.0% (95% CI 15.9, 46.8), and systems-based error 25.8% (95% CI 13.5, 43.5). Cerebellar strokes were the most common type of stroke misdiagnosed, accounting for 27.3% of missed strokes.

Conclusions: All three error types contributed to the misdiagnosis of neurological emergencies. Misdiagnosis of cerebellar lesions and erroneous radiology resident interpretations of neuroimaging were the most common mistakes. Understanding the types of errors may enable emergency physicians to develop possible solutions and avoid them in the future.
„Mein Märchen über mich“
Authors: Propszt Eszter 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungDem Kreativen Schreiben wird die Entwicklung kognitiver, sozialer und individueller Kompetenzen zugeschrieben wie Metakognition, Phantasie, Empathie, Selbstreflexion u. v. a. In meinem Beitrag versuche ich durch Präsentation und Analyse von in einem kreativen Schreibprozess gewonnenen Texten, von Märchen, die Germanistikstudenten der Universität Szeged (Ungarn) ausgestaltet haben, eine integrative Darstellung dieser Kompetenzen unter dem Aspekt der narrativen Kompetenz, welche ich als eine wesentliche identitätsfördernde Kompetenz betrachte. Auf der theoretischen Grundlage narrativer Identitätskonzepte untersuche ich, inwiefern die kreative Text- bzw. Märchenproduktion dem Schreibenden ermöglicht, ein immer kompetenterer Autor seiner Lebensgeschichte zu werden bzw. über die Ausformulierung seiner eigenen Geschichte sich selbst immer kompetenter zu ‚erschreiben‘.
Kennzahlen kooperativer Arbeitsbereiche / Metrics for cooperative shared workspaces
Authors: Jeners Nils , Prinz Wolfgang 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag schlägt Kennzahlen und Metriken zur Analyse von gemeinsamen Arbeitsbereichen vor. Dazu werden die Benutzeraktivitäten in verschiedenen elektronischen Arbeitsbereichen des BSCW Systems untersucht und anhand der vorgeschlagenen Metriken Aktivität, Produktivität und Kooperativität verglichen. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die ermittelten Metriken einerseits eine Zuordnung von Arbeitsbereichen zu einer Nutzungsintention, andererseits einen Benchmark untereinander ermöglichen. Eine weitere Erkenntnis ist, dass sich auch in der kooperativen Nutzung solcher Systeme das Paretoprinzip (80/20-Regel) für das Verhältnis zwischen aktiven und passiven Benutzern wiederfinden lässt. Zusätzlich zeigt die Untersuchung wie schnell Information innerhalb der Arbeitsbereiche gelesen und werden und wie hoch deren Anteil an der Gesamtmenge der ausgetauschten Information ist.
Reflektion der wissenschaftlichen Nutzenbetrachtung von Social Software / Reflecting the Scientific Discussion of Benefits Induced by Social Software
Authors: Meske Christian , Stieglitz Stefan 
Published: December 2014

ZusammfassungNachdem sich die private Nutzung von Social Media in den letzten Jahren stark verbreitet hat, haben sich nunmehr auch Unternehmen verstärkt mit den Potenzialen sowohl der kundenorientierten (Facebook, Twitter etc.) als auch der intraorganisationalen (z. B. IBM Connections, Microsoft Sharepoint, Yammer o. ä.) Einsatzmöglichkeiten auseinandergesetzt. In diesem Artikel blicken wir auf die bisher stattgefundene Nutzenbetrachtung in der Wissenschaft bzgl. Social Software zurück und diskutieren den aktuellen Stand in diesem Forschungsgebiet. Der Artikel zeigt, dass die Mehrwertmessung des Einsatzes von Social Media problematisch, jedoch sowohl für die Wissenschaft als auch die Praxis von hoher Bedeutung ist.
Intranets für den Praxiseinsatz
Authors: Wendland Karsten , Gumm Dorina , Hillen Meike 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungDas Intranet-Projekt der Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main hat Modellcharakter für die Branche und ist von Klinikdirektoren und Klinik- CIOs zu einem der „5 IT-Schlüsselthemen des Jahres 2014“ gewählt worden. Zentrale Merkmale des Intranets sind sein streng Use Case-basierter Ansatz und der konsequente Einsatz von Open-Source-Technologien. Die Vorgehensweise ist partizipativ angelegt, greift Beiträge verschiedener Disziplinen auf und bearbeitet Widersprüche dort, wo sie auftreten. Derzeit wird die Vorgehensweise in drei fortführenden Modellprojekten unter den Strukturen von Klinik-Verbunden erprobt.
Rapid Discrimination of Apple Varieties via Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Fast Allied Fuzzy C-Means Clustering
Authors: Wu Xiaohong , Wu Bin , Sun Jun , Li Min 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Discrimination of apple varieties plays an important role in apple post-harvest commercial processing. A fast allied fuzzy c-means (FAFCM) clustering algorithm was proposed to classify the apple varieties using near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy technology and orthogonal linear discriminant analysis (OLDA) which was used as feature extraction and dimensionality reduction method. Our classification method: the high-dimensional NIR data were reduced to three-dimensional data by OLDA at first, and the FAFCM clustering algorithm was implemented to classify the reduced data. Furthermore, the principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) combined with k-nearest neighbor classifier (KNNC), fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering and unsupervised possibilistic clustering algorithm (UPCA), formed the other four classification methods to classify apple samples in comparison with our proposed method. The experimental results showed that FAFCM achieved the best performance of classification.
Aiming at self-calibration of terrestrial laser scanners using only one single object and one single scan
Authors: Holst Christoph , Kuhlmann Heiner 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWhen using terrestrial laser scanners for high quality analyses, calibrating the laser scanner is crucial due to unavoidable misconstruction of the instrument leading to systematic errors. Consequently, the development of calibration fields for laser scanner self-calibration is widespread in the literature. However, these calibration fields altogether suffer from the fact that the calibration parameters are estimated by analyzing the parameter differences of a limited number of substitute objects (targets or planes) scanned from different stations. This study investigates the potential of self-calibrating a laser scanner by scanning one single object with one single scan. This concept is new since it uses the deviation of each sampling point to the scanned object for calibration. Its applicability rests upon the integration of model knowledge that is used to parameterize the scanned object. Results show that this calibration approach is feasible leading to improved surface approximations. However, it makes great demands on the functional model of the calibration parameters, the stochastic model of the adjustment, the scanned object and the scanning geometry. Hence, to gain constant and physically interpretable calibration parameters, further improvement especially regarding functional and stochastic model is demanded.
A hidden Markov-model for gene mapping based on whole-genome next generation sequencing data
Authors: Claesen Jürgen , Burzykowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe analysis of polygenic, phenotypic characteristics such as quantitative traits or inheritable diseases requires reliable scoring of many genetic markers covering the entire genome. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies provides a new way to evaluate large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic markers. Combining the technologies with pooling of segregants, as performed in bulk segregant analysis, should, in principle, allow the simultaneous mapping of multiple genetic loci present throughout the genome. We propose a hidden Markov-model to analyze the marker data obtained by the bulk segregant next generation sequencing. The model includes several states, each associated with a different probability of observing the same/different nucleotide in an offspring as compared to the parent. The transitions between the molecular markers imply transitions between the states of the model. After estimating the transition probabilities and state-related probabilities of nucleotide (dis)similarity, the most probable state for each SNP is selected. The most probable states can then be used to indicate which genomic regions may be likely to contain trait-related genes. The application of the model is illustrated on the data from a study of ethanol tolerance in yeast. Software is written in R. R-functions, R-scripts and documentation are available on
Nueva forma anatómica de cara oclusal en primeros molares superiores permanentes
Authors: Bessone Gabriela , Guiglioni María A. , González María M. 
Published: December 2014

Introducción: un surco no tipificado, en los primeros molares superiores permanentes (PMSP), permitió distinguir dos tipos de cara oclusal: la descrita por Figún y Garino, Tipo I para el grupo de investigación, y Tipo II, caracterizada por la presencia de un surco sobre la apófisis oblicua, que la discurre sin interrumpirla. Este elemento dio lugar a la realización de estudios con el fin de deter- minar su presencia e investigar origen, dirección y longitud para caracterizarlo y registrarlo como una nueva forma anatómica de cara oclusal. Métodos: se trabajó con PMSP naturales inertes y de pacientes para evidenciar la presencia del surco y con PMSP que presenten el surco para caracterizarlo. El método fue observacional y descriptivo. Resultados: existe un predominio de casos en los que la cara oclusal del PMSP presenta un surco que, sin cortar a la apófisis oblicua, la recorre parcialmente. Se origina en la fosa principal central triangular. La dirección es hacia distal y palatino y su longitud varía entre 1 y 2 mm. Esto ha permitido registrar esta cara oclusal, como PMSP Tipo II. Conclusión: el PMSP presenta dos tipos de cara oclusal: Tipo I y Tipo II.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/od.v10i18.717
Alveolar bone changes after asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion
Authors: Akin Mehmet , Baka Zeliha Muge , Ileri Zehra , Basciftci Faruk Ayhan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To quantitatively evaluate the effects of asymmetric rapid maxillary expansion (ARME) on cortical bone thickness and buccal alveolar bone height (BABH), and to determine the formation of dehiscence and fenestration in the alveolar bone surrounding the posterior teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
The CBCT records of 23 patients with true unilateral posterior skeletal crossbite (10 boys, 14.06 ± 1.08 years old, and 13 girls, 13.64 ± 1.32 years old) who had undergone ARME were selected from our clinic archives. The bonded acrylic ARME appliance, including an occlusal stopper, was used on all patients. CBCT records had been taken before ARME (T1) and after the 3-month retention period (T2). Axial slices of the CBCT images at 3 vertical levels were used to evaluate the buccal and palatal aspects of the canines, first and second premolars, and first molars. Paired samples and independent sample t-tests were used for statistical comparison.

Results:
The results suggest that buccal cortical bone thickness of the affected side was significantly more affected by the expansion than was the unaffected side (P &lt; .05). ARME significantly reduced the BABH of the canines (P &lt; .01) and the first and second premolars (P &lt; .05) on the affected side. ARME also increased the incidence of dehiscence and fenestration on the affected side.

Conclusions:
ARME may quantitatively decrease buccal cortical bone thickness and height on the affected side.
“…I would like to have a residence like those of English lords…” On the English models for the palace in Jabłoń
Authors: Cebulak Andrzej 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOut of all Polish residences that represent the historical trend, the palace in Jablón built in 1904-1909 at the behest of Count Tomasz Zamoyski borrowed most fully from English architecture. Conscious of his expectations, the investor founded a magnificent country house, the builders of which drew liberally on the wealth of English historical styles.
Impact of early-onset seizures on grading and outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Fung Christian , Balmer Mathias , Murek Michael , Z'Graggen Werner J. , Abu-Isa Janine , Ozdoba Christoph , Haenggi Matthias , Jakob Stephan M. , Raabe Andreas , Beck Jürgen 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
After subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), seizure occurs in up to 26% of patients. The impact of seizure on outcome has been studied, yet its impact on grading is unknown. The authors evaluated the impact of early-onset seizures (EOS) on grading of spontaneous SAH and on outcome.

METHODS
This retrospective analysis included consecutive patients with SAH who were treated at the NeuroCenter, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland, between January 2005 and December 2010. Demographic data, clinical data, and reports of EOS were recorded. The EOS were defined as seizures occurring within 24 hours after ictus. Patients were graded according to the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) scale pre- and postresuscitation and dichotomized into good (WFNS I–III) and poor (WFNS IV–V) grades. Outcome was assessed at 6 months by using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS); an mRS score of 0–3 was considered a good outcome and an mRS score of 4–6 was considered a poor outcome.

RESULTS
Forty-one of 425 patients with SAH had EOS. Twenty-seven of those 41 patients (65.9%) had a poor WFNS grade. Twenty-eight (68.3%) achieved a good outcome, 11 (26.8%) had a poor outcome, and 2 (4.9%) were lost to followup. Early-onset seizures were proven in 9 of 16 electroencephalograms. The EOS were associated with poor WFNS grade (OR 2.81, 97.5% CI 1.14–7.46; p = 0.03) and good outcome (OR 4.01, 97.5% CI 1.63–10.53; p = 0.03). Increasing age, hydrocephalus, intracerebral hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage were associated with poor WFNS grade, whereas only age, intracerebral hemorrhage (p < 0.001), and poor WFNS grade (p < 0.001) were associated with poor outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with EOS were classified significantly more often in a poor grade initially, but then they significantly more often achieved a good outcome. The authors conclude that EOS can negatively influence grading. This might influence decision making for the care of patients with SAH, so grading of patients with EOS should be interpreted with caution.
Impact of intracranial pressure monitoring on mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Qiang , Wu Xing , Sun Yirui , Yu Jian , Li Zhiqi , Du Zhuoying , Mao Ying , Zhou Liangfu , Hu Jin 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
Some studies have demonstrated that intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring reduces the mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI). But other studies have shown that ICP monitoring is associated with increased mortality. Thus, the authors performed a meta-analysis of studies comparing ICP monitoring with no ICP monitoring in patients who have suffered a TBI to determine if differences exist between these strategies with respect to mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS.

METHODS
The authors systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) from their inception to October 2013 for relevant studies. Randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort, retrospective observational cohort, and case-control studies that compared ICP monitoring with no ICP monitoring for the treatment of TBI were included in the analysis. Studies included had to report at least one point of mortality in an ICP monitoring group and a no–ICP monitoring group. Data were extracted for study characteristics, patient demographics, baseline characteristics, treatment details, and study outcomes.

RESULTS
A total of 14 studies including 24,792 patients were analyzed. The meta-analysis provides no evidence that ICP monitoring decreased the risk of death (pooled OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.77–1.11], p = 0.40). However, 7 of the studies including 12,944 patients were published after 2012 (January 2012 to October 2013), and they revealed that ICP monitoring was significantly associated with a greater decrease in mortality than no ICP monitoring (pooled OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.41–0.78], p = 0.0006). In addition, 7 of the studies conducted in North America showed no evidence that ICP monitoring decreased the risk of death, similar to the studies conducted in other regions. ICU LOSs were significantly longer for the group subjected to ICP monitoring (mean difference [MD] 0.29 [95% CI 0.21–0.37]; p < 0.00001). In the pooled data, the hospital LOS with ICP monitoring was also significantly longer than with no ICP monitoring (MD 0.21 [95% CI 0.04–0.37]; p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review and meta-analysis of ICP monitoring studies, the authors found that the current clinical evidence does not indicate that ICP monitoring overall is significantly superior to no ICP monitoring in terms of the mortality of TBI patients. However, studies published after 2012 indicated a lower mortality in patients who underwent ICP monitoring.
Cortical screws used to rescue failed lumbar pedicle screw construct: a biomechanical analysis
Authors: Calvert Graham C. , Lawrence Brandon D. , Abtahi Amir M. , Bachus Kent N. , Brodke Darrel S. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
Cortical trajectory screw constructs, developed as an alternative to pedicle screw fixation for the lumbar spine, have similar in vitro biomechanics. The possibility of one screw path having the ability to rescue the other in a revision scenario holds promise but has not been evaluated. The objective in this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of traditional pedicle screws and cortical trajectory screws when each was used to rescue the other in the setting of revision.

METHODS
Ten fresh-frozen human lumbar spines were instrumented at L3–4, 5 with cortical trajectory screws and 5 with pedicle screws. Construct stiffness was recorded in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The L-3 screw pullout strength was tested to failure for each specimen and salvaged with screws of the opposite trajectory. Mechanical stiffness was again recorded. The hybrid rescue trajectory screws at L-3 were then tested to failure.

RESULTS
Cortical screws, when used in a rescue construct, provided stiffness in flexion/extension and axial rotation similar to that provided by the initial pedicle screw construct prior to failure. The rescue pedicle screws provided stiffness similar to that provided by the primary cortical screw construct in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. In pullout testing, cortical rescue screws retained 60% of the original pedicle screw pullout strength, whereas pedicle rescue screws retained 65% of the original cortical screw pullout strength.

CONCLUSIONS
Cortical trajectory screws, previously studied as a primary mode of fixation, may also be used as a rescue option in the setting of a failed or compromised pedicle screw construct in the lumbar spine. Likewise, a standard pedicle screw construct may rescue a compromised cortical screw track. Cortical and pedicle screws each retain adequate construct stiffness and pullout strength when used for revision at the same level.
Risk factors for infection and the effect of an institutional shunt protocol on the incidence of ventricular access device infections in preterm infants
Authors: Spader Heather S. , Hertzler Dean A. , Kestle John R. W. , Riva-Cambrin Jay 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants often leads to progressive ventricular dilation and the need for ventricular reservoir placement. Unfortunately, these reservoirs have a higher rate of infection than ventriculoperitoneal shunts in premature babies. The authors analyzed the risk factors for infection in this population and studied whether the implementation of an institutional protocol for shunt placement had a corollary effect on ventricular access device (VAD) infection rates in premature neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort review of consecutive premature neonates in whom VADs were inserted in the operating room at Primary Children's Hospital between June 2003 and June 2011 to identify risk factors for infection. Medical records were reviewed for information on infection (culture proven or eroded hardware at 90 days), gestational age at birth, weight, gestational age at surgery, intrathecal antibiotics, hemorrhage, death, and surgeon. The institution used a pilot protocol for shunt infection reduction in 2006–2007, and then the full Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network protocol from June 2007 to 2011, and the rates of infection during these periods were analyzed. Confounding factors such as sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and a history of meningitis were also analyzed.

RESULTS
The overall infection rate was 10.5% (11 patients) in the 105 patients identified. Gestational age at procedure was a significant risk factor for infection (p = 0.05). Meningitis was significantly associated with infection, with 63% of the infected group having had prior meningitis compared with 7% for the noninfected group (p < 0.001). Concurrent with the implementation of the protocol to reduce shunt infection, the VAD infection rate decreased from 14.7% to 5.4% (p = 0.2).

CONCLUSIONS
Gestational age at procedure and previous meningitis were significant risk factors for VAD infections. In addition, the implementation of an institutional standardized shunt protocol for ventriculoperitoneal shunts may have altered the operating room team's behavior, indicated by a nonmandated use of intrathecal antibiotics in VAD surgeries, contributing to a reduced VAD infection rate. Although the observed difference was not statistically significant with the small sample size, the authors believe that these findings deserve further study.
Sexe, amour et dépendance à Rome
Authors: Garrido-Hory Marguerite 
Published: December 2014

Sex, love and dependence in Rome.
In Rome, love for men has never been considered as contrary to love for women, but activity has always been opposed to passivity. Be active is to be a male, to be virile, whatever sex and age of the passive partner and his/ her juridical statute. Solely considered is the search of sexual satisfaction. Solely blamed are the practices of inversion that make freemen’s weakness conspicuous and could thereafter threat a social order grounded on tradition and ancestral moral values.