bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mirtazapine in pregnancy and lactation: A systematic review of adverse outcomes
Authors: Ostenfeld Anne , Lyngholm Sofie , Christensen Sarah Emilie , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Andersen Jon Trærup , Westergaard Hanne Brix , Pedersen Lars Henning , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionPeripartum depression is common and treatment with mirtazapine may be indicated. However, evidence on its safety in pregnancy and lactation is fragmented.The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature on the safety of mirtazapine in pregnancy and lactation.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for ‘antidepressants’ or ‘mirtazapine’ in combination with ‘pregnancy’, ‘lactation’ or ‘offspring’.No restrictions on type of study were applied and selection was performed by two independent reviewers using Covidence. Two reviewers extracted data and performed risk of bias assessment and evidence synthesis was performed for each outcome individually.The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021275127).ResultsThe initial search yielded 15,380 articles after removal of duplicates. After screening based on title and abstract, 431 articles remained for full text review. Of these, 41 studies were included (15 cohort studies, one case–control study, 11 case series, and 14 case reports). In most studies, the outcomes in mirtazapine‐exposed pregnancies were comparable to controls. However, results on congenital malformations and spontaneous abortion were conflicting. Neonatal adaptation syndrome was reported after mirtazapine exposure in late pregnancy. Data on mirtazapine exposure during lactation were scarce.ConclusionsWe identified no substantial evidence indicating that mirtazapine exposure is associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancy or in offspring, other than neonatal adaptation syndrome. However, overall quality of evidence was low, and results on congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions were conflicting. Data on mirtazapine exposure through breastfeeding were limited and did not allow for conclusions.
Public comment and public policy
Authors: Sahn Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIs public policy responsive to demographically and ideologically unrepresentative comments given at public meetings? I investigate this possibility using a novel data set of over 40,000 comments made at the San Francisco Planning Commission between 1998 and 2021, matched to information about proposed developments discussed in hearings and administrative data on commenters. I document four stylized facts: First, commenters at public meetings are unrepresentative of the public along racial, gender, age, and homeownership lines; second, distance to the proposed development predicts commenting behavior, but only among those in opposition; third, commission votes are correlated with commenters’ preferences; finally, the alignment of White commenters (vs. other racial groups) and neighborhood group representatives and the general public (vs. other interest groups) better predict project approvals.
Barriers and enablers to bowel cancer screening participation in remote Tasmania: A qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Gadd Nicola , Lee Simone , Hughes Jessica , Sharman Matthew J. , Hoang Ha , Obamiro Kehinde 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveIdentify barriers and enablers for remote Tasmanians participating in bowel cancer screening through the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program.SettingA small remote Tasmanian community.ParticipantsTasmanian remote community members aged 50 years and over.DesignA qualitative study conducted 16 semi‐structured interviews. Two researchers conducted in‐person and telephone interviews. Questions were directed by an interview guide developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework for behaviour change and Behaviour Change Wheel. Two researchers analysed data using directed content analysis with a flexible inductive approach.ResultsFour themes related to barriers and enablers to completing the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program screening kit in remote Tasmania. Themes included the subject of screening, physical screening kit, the process and outcome of the kit. Several barrier and enabler sub‐themes overlapped or were linked, as many enablers mitigated barriers. For example, social influences, awareness level, steps in completing screening, and planning and timing to screen. Social support and discussing screening with others were key enablers, whereas lack of these were barriers. For remote communities, taking the kit to the post office was a barrier from often knowing the post officer. A bowel bus providing screening and information support services may reduce the travel burden of follow‐up diagnostic tests and support low‐literacy individuals to screen.ConclusionBarriers and enablers exist within each stage of the screening process, from what influences an individual decision to screen, through to the outcome. To improve screening rates in rural/remote Tasmania, barriers and enablers to screening must be considered.
The emergence and use of expanded carrier screening in gamete donation: A new form of repro‐genetic selection
Authors: Hudson Nicky , Herbrand Cathy , Culley Lorraine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the continued expansion and commercialisation of fertility treatments, the selection and matching of donors have become more sophisticated and technologised. As part of this landscape, new form of genetic screening: ‘expanded carrier screening’ (ECS) is being offered as a technique to avoid the risk of donors passing on genetic conditions to future offspring. Allowing donors to be tested for hundreds of genetic conditions simultaneously, ECS marks a considerable departure from traditional ‘family history’ models of screening, which rely on an individual's knowledge of family health. There is growing evidence of a drive towards the use of ECS within the fertility sector, and a growing number of clinics are offering it for a fee, as part of an egg or sperm donation cycle or as an add‐on to IVF treatment. In this article, we use methods of critical reflection to synthesise data from two studies to explore how ECS is being used to avoid genetic risk in IVF treatment using donor gametes. We suggest that ECS is a new form of repro‐genetic selection—a selective reproductive technology—with specific and important implications for donors, recipients and clinicians and with the potential to reconfigure the scope and application of gamete donation. We examine these implications and conclude that the existing policy blind spot relating to this development in fertility treatment practice needs to be urgently addressed.
Parent's Experience of a New Approach to Family Safeguarding in Oxfordshire Children Social Care Services
Authors: Buivydaite Ruta , Page Bethan , Carter James , Mann Delia , Vincent Charles 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe Family Safeguarding Practice (FSP) framework represents a major shift in the approach to family safeguarding and services, with a much greater emphasis on empowering and supporting the family to be able to care for their child safely and independently. The aim of the study was to understand the impact of the new model to family's experience with children social services and what parts of the model were helpful or challenging. We recruited parents (n = 20) whose children are subject to statutory plans in Oxfordshire County Children Social Services. We used semi‐structured interviews to understand their experiences and views of services following the introduction of the new model (which was implemented in 2021). The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Parents reported positive experiences with social services when communication was clear and concise, and they felt involved and listened to, which motivated them to make changes and address long‐standing difficulties. Parents were especially positive about the involvement of adult‐facing practitioners (AFPs), in many cases, describing them as life transforming. The findings highlight the importance of working with the whole family and not just the child. Parents appreciated the key elements of the FSP programme: continuity of care, AFPs, open communication and better coordination of services. Parents' experiences however were very variable and suggest that some elements of the FSP model such as motivational interviewing and having one social worker throughout were not consistently implemented.
Patient‐reported outcomes in studies of diabetes technology: What matters
Authors: Liarakos Alexandros L. , Crabtree Thomas S. J. , Wilmot Emma G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, diabetes technologies have revolutionized the care of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Emerging evidence suggests that people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can experience similar benefits from these advances in technology. While glycaemic outcomes are often a primary focus, the lived experience of the person with diabetes is equally important. In this review, we describe the impact of diabetes technologies on patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). We highlight that most of the published studies investigated PROMs as secondary outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring systems may have an important role in improving PROMs in individuals with T1D, which may be driven by the prevention or proactive management of hypoglycaemia. In people with T2D, continuous glucose monitoring may also have an important role in improving PROMs, particularly in those treated with insulin therapy. The impact of insulin pumps on PROMs seems positive in T1D, while there is limited evidence in T2D. Studies of hybrid closed‐loop therapies suggest increased treatment satisfaction, improved quality of life and decreased diabetes‐related distress in T1D, but it is unclear whether these benefits are because of a ‘class‐effect’ or individual systems. We conclude that PROMs deserve a more central role in trials and clinical practice, and we discuss directions for future research.
Nitrogen availability and summer drought, but not N:P imbalance, drive carbon use efficiency of a Mediterranean tree‐grass ecosystem
Authors: Nair Richard , Luo Yunpeng , El‐Madany Tarek , Rolo Victor , Pacheco‐Labrador Javier , Caldararu Silvia , Morris Kendalynn A. , Schrumpf Marion , Carrara Arnaud , Moreno Gerardo , Reichstein Markus , Migliavacca Mirco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAll ecosystems contain both sources and sinks for atmospheric carbon (C). A change in their balance of net and gross ecosystem carbon uptake, ecosystem‐scale carbon use efficiency (CUEECO), is a change in their ability to buffer climate change. However, anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is increasing N availability, potentially shifting terrestrial ecosystem stoichiometry towards phosphorus (P) limitation. Depending on how gross primary production (GPP, plants alone) and ecosystem respiration (RECO, plants and heterotrophs) are limited by N, P or associated changes in other biogeochemical cycles, CUEECO may change. Seasonally, CUEECO also varies as the multiple processes that control GPP and respiration and their limitations shift in time. We worked in a Mediterranean tree‐grass ecosystem (locally called ‘dehesa’) characterized by mild, wet winters and summer droughts. We examined CUEECO from eddy covariance fluxes over 6 years under control, +N and + NP fertilized treatments on three timescales: annual, seasonal (determined by vegetation phenological phases) and 14‐day aggregations. Finer aggregation allowed consideration of responses to specific patterns in vegetation activity and meteorological conditions. We predicted that CUEECO should be increased by wetter conditions, and successively by N and NP fertilization. Milder and wetter years with proportionally longer growing seasons increased CUEECO, as did N fertilization, regardless of whether P was added. Using a generalized additive model, whole ecosystem phenological status and water deficit indicators, which both varied with treatment, were the main determinants of 14‐day differences in CUEECO. The direction of water effects depended on the timescale considered and occurred alongside treatment‐dependent water depletion. Overall, future regional trends of longer dry summers may push these systems towards lower CUEECO.
CONSTANT DISCOUNTING, TEMPORAL INSTABILITY, AND DYNAMIC INCONSISTENCY IN DENMARK: A LONGITUDINAL FIELD EXPERIMENT
Authors: Harrison Glenn W. , Lau Morten I. , Yoo Hong Il 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClaims that individuals have dynamically inconsistent preferences are usually made by studying individual discount rates over different time delays, but where those discount rates are elicited at a single point in time. However, to test dynamic inconsistency one has to know if the same subject has a different discounting function at a later point in time. We evaluate data from a longitudinal field experiment undertaken with a nationally representative sample of the adult Danish population. We cannot reject the hypothesis of constant discounting at the population level, but we reject the hypotheses of temporal stability and dynamic consistency.
A cross‐linguistic approach to investigating metacognitive regulation in writing among Chinese EFL learners: Insights for its trait/state distinction
Authors: Xu Wandong , Zhu Xinhua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetacognitive regulation refers to learners’ ability to use a repertoire of metacognitive strategies to guide, observe, and manage thoughts, actions, and emotions in learning activities. It has been widely acknowledged as a significant predictor of language learning success, including writing. However, this line of research has been conducted in a single language context, and the interactions across L1 and L2 contexts have received insufficient scholarly attention. Situated in mainland China, we raise an innovative attempt to investigate metacognitive strategies in writing with a cross‐linguistic approach, thus illuminating the conceptualization of metacognitive regulation by testing its trait/state distinction. A group of 502 university students from different disciplinary majors were recruited to report their metacognitive strategy use in L1 and L2 task‐situated writing by filling in the assigned post‐task questionnaires. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) on the two questionnaire datasets provided empirical evidence for the cross‐language generalizability of metacognitive regulation in writing with the identified measurement invariance of the factor structure between L1 and L2 contexts, indicating its trait facet. However, the latent mean comparison results revealed that the actual usage frequency of metacognitive strategies scored significantly higher in L1 writing than in L2 writing, suggesting the state facet. These results are discussed extensively in this study to inform relevant theories and pedagogical activities.
The efficiency of human fat products in wound healing: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Yutian , Nie Mengqi , Xu Wenqing , Zhang Jinglve , Lei Shaorong , Wu Dingyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWound development and healing involve intricate genetic and molecular processes, posing significant clinical management challenges. The objective of this study was to assess commonly used fat extracts' efficacy and safety (autologous fat, stromal vascular fraction and adipose‐derived stem cells) in wound healing, particularly for refractory wounds, with the goal of providing evidence in clinical use. After a systematic review, 21 randomised controlled trials were included in our study. Based on the classification of human fat products, our meta‐analysis revealed that the use of human fat products could speed healing rate, shorten healing time and achieve more complete healing, with statistically significant differences in outcome indicators when compared to conventional treatments. The analysis of histological findings across various studies indicated that fat extracts can promote epithelialization, collagen deposition and vascularization, thereby facilitating tissue regeneration and reducing inflammatory reactions. There were potential benefits to reducing patient pain levels after using adipose extracts. Furthermore, we analysed and summarised adverse events indicating the safe and effective clinical use of human fat products in wound treatment. Our research findings supported the efficiency of human fat products and demonstrated a high degree of safety in the clinical practice of wound management.
The Cretaceous Diatom Database: A tool for investigating early diatom evolution
Authors: Bryłka Karolina , Ashworth Matt P. , Alverson Andrew J. , Conley Daniel J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Cretaceous period is the time of the first appearance of the diatoms in the fossil record. These fossils give us direct evidence of the age and early evolution of the diatom lineage. The fossil record, however, is incomplete and therefore often extrapolated through time‐calibrated phylogenies. These two approaches offer different perspectives on the early evolution of diatoms, which is still poorly understood. We compiled the first comprehensive Cretaceous Diatom Database, a tool to investigate the taxonomy, diversity, and occurrence of the earliest known diatom lineages. To further aid the integration and use of the oldest diatom fossils in molecular clock analyses, we present a set of well‐documented Cretaceous fossils that can be placed onto molecular phylogenetic trees of extant and extinct species, making them ideal candidates for the calibration of molecular clocks. The analysis of the fossil record and the Cretaceous Diatom Database revealed Cretaceous diversity is substantially greater than previously thought, yet considerable taxonomic work is still needed. The Cretaceous Diatom Database and the list of Cretaceous fossils for calibrating molecular clocks represent valuable resources for future evolutionary and taxonomic studies of modern and fossil diatoms.
Adiposity influences intraindividual variability in behavioral and neuroelectric indices of attentional inhibition
Authors: Kim Jeongwoon , Walk Anne M. , Keye Shelby A. , Kinder Christopher J. , Cannavale Corinne N. , Burd Nicholas A. , Khan Naiman A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile overweight or obesity are thought to affect over 70% of the US population, the effects of adiposity on neurocognitive efficiency and stability remain unclear. Intra‐individual variability or trial‐to‐trial variability (IIV) could provide insights into the influence of adiposity on neurophysiological stability. However, previous work examining the association between adiposity and IIV of cognitive outcomes is limited. Thus, this study examined the association between whole‐body fat (%BF) and central tendency and IIV metrics of behavioral performance and event‐related potentials. Adults (n = 320; 19–64 yrs) completed the Flanker task to assess attentional inhibition with concurrent electroencephalogram recordings to examine the N2 and P3b components. In addition to central tendency outcomes typically reported (i.e., mean accuracy and reaction time [RT]), dispersion outcomes (e.g., standard deviation [SD] of RT, P3b latency, N2 latency, etc.) were also extracted. Upon controlling for age and sex, %BF was inversely associated with (congruent: β = −.18, p = .016; incongruent: β = −.23, p < .001) accuracy. Increasing %BF was related to greater RT SD (congruent: β = .13, p = .032; incongruent: β = .23, p < .001). Furthermore, increased %BF was associated with slower P3b latencies (congruent: β = .21, p = .003; incongruent: β = .18, p = .010), and greater incongruent N2 (β = .16, p = .017) and P3b (β = .16, p = .025) latency SD. These findings suggest adiposity exerts a generalized negative influence on attentional inhibition for both measures of central tendency and dispersion across behavioral and neuroelectric indices.
Bifurcation structure of steady states for a cooperative model with population flux by attractive transition
Authors: Adachi Masahiro , Kuto Kousuke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the steady states to a diffusive Lotka–Volterra cooperative model with population flux by attractive transition. The first result gives many bifurcation points on the branch of the positive constant solution under the weak cooperative condition. The second result shows every steady state approaches a solution of the scalar field equation as the coefficients of the flux tend to infinity. Indeed, the numerical simulation using pde2path exhibits the global bifurcation branch of the cooperative model with large population flux is near that of the scalar field equation.
Enhanced mud retention as an autogenic mechanism for sustained delta growth: Insight from records of the Lafourche subdelta of the Mississippi River
Authors: Kim Minsik , Chun Byongsuk , Chamberlain Elizabeth , Kim Wonsuck 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMud deposition is acknowledged as a significant contributor to delta architecture, yet its role is often oversimplified as a constant parameter in models of delta formation. A better understanding of mud retention on deltas would resolve remaining questions regarding delta growth. This study explores how spatiotemporally varied mud retention facilitates sustained delta growth in defiance of the concept of autoretreat, that is, the idea that shoreline progradation rates decline as a delta grows due to the expansion of subaqueous and subaerial delta surfaces. This research is inspired by prior field observations of the river‐dominated Mississippi Delta, USA, where the shoreline of a ca 6000 to 8000 km2 subdelta prograded at a constant rate for roughly a millennium, despite its expanding delta surface, compaction and sea‐level rise. For this, a laterally averaged one‐dimensional numerical model is leveraged to test hypotheses that enhanced mud retention with time in: (i) the delta bottomset; and (ii) the delta plain (floodplain) supports a constant rate of shoreline progradation in a maturing delta. Results demonstrate that enhanced mud retention in both the bottomset and delta plain facilitates sustained delta growth. Neither component by itself can replicate the case study. Yet, with these two integrated components, the model reproduces the cross‐section and linearly prograding pattern observed in the Mississippi Delta. The findings provide an autogenic mechanism for sustained delta growth and support the importance of mud as a fundamental building block of deltas that should be incorporated in delta‐growth models of engineered river diversions.
Predicting Protests and Riots in Urban Environments With Satellite Imagery and Deep Learning
Authors: Warnke Scott , Runfola Daniel 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTConflict, manifesting as riots and protests, is a common occurrence in urban environments worldwide. Understanding their likely locations is crucial to policymakers, who may (for example) seek to provide overseas travelers with guidance on safe areas, or local policymakers with the ability to pre‐position medical aid or police presences to mediate negative impacts associated with riot events. Past efforts to forecast these events have focused on the use of news and social media, restricting applicability to areas with available data. This study utilizes a ResNet convolutional neural network and high‐resolution satellite imagery to estimate the spatial distribution of riots or protests within urban environments. At a global scale (N = 18,631 conflict events), by training our model to understand relationships between urban form and riot events, we are able to predict the likelihood that a given urban area will experience a riot or protest with accuracy as high as 97%. This research has the potential to improve our ability to forecast and understand the relationship between urban form and conflict events, even in data‐sparse regions.