bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I Trial of Intravenous Administration of PV701, an Oncolytic Virus, in Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers
Authors: Pecora Andrew L. , Rizvi Naiyer , Cohen Gary I. , Meropol Neal J. , Sterman Daniel , Marshall John L. , Goldberg Stuart , Gross Peter , O’Neil James D. , Groene William S. , Roberts M. Scot , Rabin Harvey , Bamat Michael K. , Lorence Robert M. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: PV701, a replication-competent strain of Newcastle disease virus, causes regression of tumor xenografts after intravenous administration. This phase I study was designed to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and safety of single and multiple intravenous doses of PV701 as a single agent in patients with cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-nine patients with advanced solid cancers that were unresponsive to standard therapy were enrolled. Four PV701 intravenous dosing regimens were evaluated: (1) single dose: one dose every 28 days; (2) repeat dose: three doses in 1 week every 28 days; (3) desensitizing: one lower dose followed by two higher doses in 1 week every 28 days; and (4) two week: one lower dose followed by five higher doses over 2 weeks every 21 days.RESULTS: A 100-fold dose intensification was achieved over 195 cycles. A first-dose MTD of 12 × 109plaque-forming units (PFU)/m2was established for outpatient dosing. After an initial dose of 12 × 109PFU/m2, patients tolerated an MTD for subsequent doses of 120 × 109PFU/m2. The most common adverse events were flu-like symptoms that occurred principally after the first dose and were decreased in number and severity with each subsequent dose. Tumor site–specific adverse events and acute dosing reactions were also observed but not cumulative toxicity. Objective responses occurred at higher dose levels, and progression-free survival ranged from 4 to 31 months. Tumor tissue from one patient was obtained after 11 months of therapy and showed evidence of PV701 particles budding from the tumor cell membrane by electron microscopy and a pronounced lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate by histologic examination.CONCLUSION: PV701 warrants further study as a novel therapeutic agent for cancer patients.
Abiraterone or Enzalutamide for Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: La Jennifer , Wang Lin , Corrigan June K. , Lang Deborah , Lee Michelle H. , Do Nhan V. , Brophy Mary T. , Paller Channing J. , Fillmore Nathanael R. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceAbiraterone acetate and enzalutamide are recommended as preferred treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but differences in their relative efficacy are unclear due to a lack of head-to-head clinical trials. Clear guidance is needed for making informed mCRPC therapeutic choices.ObjectiveTo compare clinical outcomes in patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, multicenter cohort study included patients with mCRPC in the US Department of Veterans Affairs health care system who initiated treatment with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide between January 1, 2014, and October 30, 2022.ExposuresAbiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe study used inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance baseline characteristics between patients initiating abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide and evaluated restricted mean survival time (RMST) differences in overall survival (OS), prostate cancer–specific survival (PCS), time to next treatment switching or death (TTS), and time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (TTR) at different time points after treatment initiation.ResultsThe study included 5779 patients (median age, 74.42 years [IQR, 68.94-82.14 years]). Median follow-up was between 38 and 60 months. Patients initiating enzalutamide on average had longer OS than those initiating abiraterone acetate, with RMSTs of 24.29 months (95% CI, 23.58-24.99 months) and 23.38 months (95% CI, 22.85-23.92 months), respectively, and a difference in RMST of 0.90 months (95% CI, 0.02-1.79 months) at 4 years. Similarly, TTS and TTR were improved in patients initiating enzalutamide, with an RMST at 4 years of 1.95 months (95% CI, 0.92-2.99 months) longer for TTS and 3.57 months (95% CI, 1.76-5.38 months) shorter for TTR. For PCS, the RMST at 2 years was 0.48 months (95% CI, 0.01-0.95 months) longer. An examination of subgroups identified that enzalutamide initiation was associated with longer RMST in OS among patients without prior docetaxel treatment (1.14 months; 95% CI, 0.19-2.10 months) and in those with PSA doubling time of 3 months or longer (2.23 months; 95% CI, 0.81-3.66 months) but not among patients with prior docetaxel (−0.25 months; 95% CI, −2.59 to 2.09 months) or with PSA doubling time of less than 3 months (0.05 months; 95% CI, −1.05 to 1.15 months).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with mCRPC, initiation of enzalutamide was associated with small but statistically significant improvements in OS, PCS, TTS, and TTR compared with initiation of abiraterone acetate. The improvements were more prominent in short-term outcomes, including TTS and TTR, and in patient subgroups without prior docetaxel or with PSA doubling time longer than 3 months.
Understanding the Surface Chemistry of Tin Halide Perovskites
Authors: Treglia Antonella , Prato Mirko , Wu Chun‐Sheng Jack , Wong E Laine , Poli Isabella , Petrozza Annamaria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe role of tin fluoride in defining the complex surface chemistry of tin halide perovskites (THP) is investigated. It is shown that oxygen is found on the surface of tin perovskite thin films even if prepared under a virtually inert environment; however, the presence of SnF2 strongly affects the chemical nature of the found species. Oxygen primarily binds to tin in the form of SnO2 only when SnF2 is added to the precursor solution, while it preferentially binds to carbon and hydrogen in pristine materials. Thanks to the spatial mapping of both the local chemical environment and photoluminescence, it is shown that pristine films have a higher accumulation of iodine at the grain boundaries while the addition of SnF2 allows for preserving the perovskite phase and reducing chemical and optical heterogeneities. Finally, SnF2 does not help in avoiding nor slowing down the degradation of the perovskite film when exposed to ambient air and oxidation occurs on the whole THP‐grain surface. These results provide insightful guidance toward understanding oxidation in THPs and elucidate its detrimental effect on the material's properties.
Positively‐Coated Nanofiltration Membranes for Lithium Recovery from Battery Leachates and Salt‐Lakes: Ion Transport Fundamentals and Module Performance
Authors: Foo Zi Hao , Liu Suwei , Kanias Lucy , Lee Trent R. , Heath Samuel M. , Tomi Yasuhiro , Miyabe Tomotsugu , Keten Sinan , Lueptow Richard M. , Lienhard John H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMembranes facilitate scalable and continuous lithium concentration from hypersaline salt lakes and battery leachates. Conventional nanofiltration (NF) membranes, however, exhibit poor monovalent selectivity in high‐salinity environments due to weakened exclusion mechanisms. This study examines polyamide NF membranes coated with polyelectrolytes enriched with ammonium groups to maintain high monovalent cation selectivity in hypersaline conditions. Over 8000 ion rejection measurements are recorded using salt lake brines and battery leachates. The experiments exemplify the coated membrane's ability to reduce magnesium concentrations to 0.14% from salt lakes and elevate lithium purity to 98% from battery leachates, in a single filtration stage. The membrane's selectivity is retained after 12 weeks in acidic conditions. Molecular dynamics analyses reveal that the ammonium groups create an electrostatic barrier at low pH, selectively hindering multivalent cation transport. This is corroborated by the Coulombic attraction between cations and carboxylate groups, along with a repulsive barrier from ammonium groups. Despite a 14.7% increase in specific energy, a two‐stage NF system using the coated membranes for lithium recovery significantly reduces permeate magnesium composition to 0.031% from Chilean salt lake brines. For NMC leachates, the coated membranes achieve permeate lithium purity exceeding 99.5%, yielding enhanced permeate quality with minor increases in energy demands.
Improving Efficiency of Organic Photovoltaics by Manipulating Critical Concentration of Polymer in Bulk‐Heterojunction Solution
Authors: Luo Xuanang , Yang Wenyu , Lin Youran , Wu Jiaming , Zhang Xiaowei , Peng Feng , Zhong Wenkai , Qiao Xianfeng , Li Ning , Ma Dongge , Ying Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the advancement of organic photovoltaics (OPV) toward scale‐up production, how to mitigate the batch instability of electron‐donating polymers originated from varied molecular weights remains a great challenge. By taking into consideration the relationship between the molecular weight of electron‐donating polymers and the relevant critical concentration (c*) of the solution, herein it is demonstrated that the aggregation behavior of the electron‐donating polymers can be tailored through manipulating c* of the polymer solution. It is interesting to note that the excessive aggregation in low‐molecular‐weight fractions can be circumvented while the favorable mixing ratio can be identified. By preparing the binary bulk heterojunction film under c*‐defined conditions for mixed‐molecular‐weight polymers, a notable power conversion efficiency of 19.1% for binary devices is achieved. Of particular importance is that a linear interrelation can be established between the c* for the maximum PCE and c* for the low‐molecular‐weight fraction aggregation, validating those straightforward spectra measurements can accurately and rationally guide the molecular weight mixing of photovoltaic donor polymers, thereby fully harnessing the potent driving force and affinity inherent to the low‐molecular‐weight fractions. These findings offer a straightforward and logical framework for addressing batch variability in the large‐scale production of high‐performance OPV devices.
Multi‐Functional Biomaterial for the Treatment and Prevention of Central Line‐Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Kim Jinjoo , Keum Hyeongseop , Albadawi Hassan , Zhang Zefu , Graf Erin H. , Cevik Enes , Oklu Rahmi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCentral venous catheters are among the most used medical devices in hospitals today. Despite advances in modern medicine, catheter infections remain prevalent, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, SteriGel is reported, which is a multifunctional hydrogel engineered to prevent and treat central line‐associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). The mechanical properties of SteriGel are optimized to ensure appropriate gelation kinetics, bio‐adhesiveness, stretchability, and recoverability to promote durability upon application and to provide persistent protection against infection. In vitro assays demonstrated that SteriGel exhibits long‐term antimicrobial efficacy and has bactericidal effects against highly resistant patient‐derived pathogens known to be frequently associated with CLABSI. SteriGel outperformed Biopatch, which is a clinically used device for CLABSI, in ex vivo cadaver studies that simulate clinical scenarios. Furthermore, SteriGel has biocompatible, pro‐healing, and anti‐inflammatory properties in vitro and in a rat subcutaneous injection model, suggesting a potential synergistic effect in the prevention and treatment of CLABSI. SteriGel is a multifunctional adherent biomaterial with potent antimicrobial effects for sustained sterility while promoting healing of the catheter incision site to protect against infection.
Graphitization on Natural Biopolymer Shellac: Toward Substrate Independent Coatings and a Recyclable Flexible Heater
Authors: Pavar Sai Kumar , Madapusi Srinivasan , Mitra Sushanta K. , Goel Sanket 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExtraction of graphene and graphene derivatives from non‐toxic, biocompatible, eco‐friendly, and biodegradable resources with a one‐step production process is a challenge. This work is the first attempt at the one‐step graphenization of Shellac, a biopolymer derived from natural resources, achieved using direct laser patterning. Interestingly, the process highlights substrate independence by producing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from multiple substrates, such as glass slides, Copper (Cu) adhesive tape, and overhead projector (OHP) plastic films. The produced rGO is fully characterized, and it is found that the sheet resistance is as low as 5.4., 24.65, and 8.4 Ω Sq−1. on the glass slide, OHP plastic sheet, and Cu adhesive, respectively. Moreover, developing various logos on resin‐coated ceramic tiles demonstrated the possibility of patterning desired conductive rGO patterns. Furthermore, a recyclable flexible rGO/Shellac heater is fabricated to validate its electrothermal performance (117.3 °C at 9.5 V) with foldable stability. The proposed one‐step substrate independent two‐material fabrication will revolutionize the process, potentially replacing conventional toxic routes of graphene production.
Speaking Deads: Sea Turtle Mortality Areas and Fisheries Overlaps Identified Through Backtracking of Stranded Carcasses in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Agabiti Chiara , Zanetti Elisa , Quattrocchi Giovanni , Cucco Andrea , Baldi Giulia , Angelini Valeria , Pari Alice , Monticelli Martina , Olivieri Vincenzo , Angrilli Anna , Salvemini Pasquale , Furii Giovanni , Lauriola Stefano , Freggi Daniela , Casale Paolo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Interaction with fishing gears represents the main anthropogenic threat at sea for sea turtles worldwide, and identifying the hotspots of turtle bycatch is a priority knowledge gap.

Turtle stranding data represent a source of information about mortality areas at sea that are not fully exploited. This study aims to infer turtle mortality areas of turtles stranded along the Italian Adriatic Coast in the period 2019–2021 (1432 records), through backtrack modelling of carcasses. Specifically, the decomposition process of eight loggerhead carcasses was monitored, and the relationship between floating period (FP), turtle size and sea temperature was modelled through a generalized additive model. Oceanographic information was then used to track the routes of floating carcasses back, knowing their size and decomposition stage, and finally estimate the likely area of mortality. A complementary numerical experiment of connectivity between coastal and offshore areas gave indication that areas of potential mortality are relatively close to the coast, particularly in the northern Adriatic.

Stranded turtles probably represent just a small fraction (17%–25%) of total at‐sea mortalities in the study area (Italian Adriatic waters), with decomposition rates, season and distance from shore influencing their stranding likelihood. Hence, strandings can inform only about spatio‐temporal variability of coastal mortality hotspots.

Inferred areas of turtle mortality were most likely located in the North and Central Adriatic all over the year and overlap with heatmaps of fishing effort, obtained from vessel monitoring system (VMS) and automatic identification system (AIS) data, in the Gulf of Manfredonia and in the North‐West Adriatic in the cold (September–December) and warm (May–August) periods, respectively.
Methylene Blue Adsorption by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: An Optimization Study Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Gritli Imene , Chemingui Hajer , Djebali Kais , Mabrouk Walid , Hafiane Amor , Marzouki Riadh , Ammar Salah , Chtourou Radhouane , Keshk Sherif M. A. S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWater coloring has the properties of resistance to mutagenic, toxic, aggressive, carcinogenic, destructive, strong light and unstable oxidation and air pollution and has serious effects on environmental systems and human health. Because of its severe toxicity, methylene blue (MB) can cause cancer, mutagenesis, and teratogenic consequences in people as well as enter the food chain. The main objective of this investigation is to study the modeling and the optimization parameters of MB adsorption using a low‐cost adsorbent Fe3O4. The parameters evaluated for adsorption are the adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature using the response surface methodology. The principal variables affecting MB removal were pH (3–11), catalyst dosage (0.01–0.3 g), contact duration (10–180 min), and temperature (25–55 °C). To select an experimental domain, a preliminary study was performed first. The results showed that at pH 10, 1.4 g L−1 Fe3O4‐nanoparticles (NPs) had the highest removal efficiency of cationic dye MB (20 ppm) from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption technique. The pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) kinetic models and the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for the adoption of MB. The adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous, according to thermodynamics studies. To determine the effect of the investigated variables and their interaction on the adsorption process, a Box–Behnken design was used. A second‐order polynomial equation was used to model the experimental results. The experimental findings were consistent with the suggested model as demonstrated by the high value of the determination coefficient. The performance of the model equation verified the experimental observation with just a slight divergence, and the values acquired from the experiment and model predictions were found to be in suitable agreement. According to the numerical optimization, 98.61 % is the optimal elimination efficiency for MB adsorption. These results suggest that an adsorption process utilizing Fe3O4 NPs is efficient in environmental remediation.
Orthogonal Geometry Enhancing the Intersystem Crossing and Photosensitive Efficiency of Spiro Organoboron Compounds
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Qing , Cao Zexing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBased on the reported spiro organoboron compounds (PS1 and PS2 as potent 1O2 sensitizers), several new organoboron molecules (PS4–PS9) were constructed through structural modification, and their low‐lying excited states and photophysical properties have been explored by density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations. The predicted effective intersystem crossing (ISC) processes arise from the S1→T2 transition for PS4–PS6 and the S1→T4 transition for PS1, and corresponding KISC rate constants reach the order of magnitude of 109 (s−1). The organoboron compounds with a (N, N) chelate acceptor are predicted to exhibit relatively higher ISC efficiency than those bearing a (N, O) acceptor, and the planar C3NBN ring and the orthogonal configuration between the donor and acceptor moieties are responsible for the ISC rate enhancement. Importantly, the geometric features of the lowest singlet excited state (S1) for these compounds play a decisive role in their photosensitive efficiency. The present results provide a basis for better understanding of the photosensitivity of these spiro organoboron compounds and the structural modification effect.
Insights into CO2 Diffusion on Zeolite 13X via Frequency Response Technique
Authors: Grün Rebecca , Hashim Atheer Saad , Grau Turuelo Constantino , Breitkopf Cornelia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZeolite 13X is an excellent candidate for the capture of CO2. However, this system needs to be investigated in more detail with regard to adsorption and diffusion. For this purpose, frequency response (FR) measurements were carried out with binderless zeolite 13X (NaMSX) and CO2. The size of the particles and the sample amount were modified in order to investigate their effects on diffusion processes. Macropore diffusion was detected and the corresponding diffusion coefficients were determined. The mentioned system was additionally used to evaluate the performance of the in‐house FR apparatus.
Beta2‐adrenergic agonist salbutamol exhibits enantioselective disposition in skeletal muscle of lean young men following oral administration
Authors: Hostrup Morten , Jacobson Glenn A. , Eibye Kasper , Narkowicz Christian K. , Nichols David S. , Jessen Søren 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSalbutamol is a common short‐acting beta2‐adrenergic agonist used in treatment of asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction but also possesses anabolic and metabolic actions in skeletal muscle. As a chiral compound, salbutamol is a racemic 1:1 mixture of two enantiomers, (R)‐salbutamol and (S)‐salbutamol, which exhibit divergent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions. Despite salbutamol being available for decades, information on the enantioselective disposition of salbutamol enantiomers in human skeletal muscle is absent. In this study, we determined concentrations of (R)‐salbutamol and (S)‐salbutamol by UHPLC–MS/MS in arterial plasma and vastus lateralis muscle samples from 12 lean young men 2½ and 7 h following ingestion of 24 mg oral salbutamol. Mean (range) arterial plasma concentrations were 10‐fold higher (p < 0.001) for (S)‐salbutamol than (R)‐salbutamol, being 33(9–62) and 49(30–84) ng·mL−1 for (S)‐salbutamol and 4 (1‐6) and 4 (2‐5) ng·mL−1 for (R)‐salbutamol 2½ and 7 h following administration, respectively, reflecting faster elimination of the (R)‐enantiomer. Mean (range) muscle concentrations were higher (p < 0.001) for (S)‐salbutamol than (R)‐salbutamol 2½ h (0.17 [0.1–0.26] vs. 0.04 [0.02–0.06]) and 7 h (0.31 [0.21–0.46] vs. 0.06 [0.04–0.12] ng·mgd.w.−1) after administration. However, muscle:plasma partition coefficient was two‐fold higher (p < 0.001) for (R)‐salbutamol than (S)‐salbutamol 7 h following administration. These observations demonstrate that oral salbutamol exhibits enantioselective disposition in systemic circulation and muscle favoring the (S)‐enantiomer but with higher relative partitioning of the (R)‐enantiomer in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the concentration‐time profiles of salbutamol enantiomers are different in skeletal muscle and systemic circulation following oral ingestion. These findings have implications for the application of chiral switch (R)‐salbutamol in doping control.
Stem‐node‐leaf continuum in Apocynaceae
Authors: Jain S. , Bansal S. , Pillai A. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryA study of stem‐node‐leaf continuum in Apocynaceae has been made in order to correlate the vascular pattern in the internode, the node, the petiole and the leaf blade. In all the species an unilacunar one trace node was observed and the vascular patterns in the stem and leaf were also closely similar.
Nachweis tertiärer Theaceen Mitteleuropas nach blatt‐epidermalen Untersuchungen: I. Teil—Epidermale Merkmalskomplexe rezenter Theaceae
Authors: Kvaček Zlatko , Walther Harald 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungNach blattepidermalen Untersuchungen rezenter Theaceen konnten bei der Unterfamilie Camellioideae Merkmalskomplexe gefunden werden, die einzelne Gattungen charakterisieren. Ein Bestimmungsschlüssel dafür wird beigegeben. Die Unterfamilie Ternstroemioideae läßt sich nach dieser Methode nicht eindeutig generisch differenzieren. Die Ergebnisse sind maßgebend für die systematische Bestimmung fossiler Theaceen‐Blätter.