bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐34c‐3p functions as a tumour suppressor by inhibiting eIF4E expression in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Xuefeng , Li Jiebing , Gu Kuo , Lv Liyan , Zhang Shuai , Che Dehai , Cao Jingyan , Jin Shi , Yu Yan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression and mediate diverse physiological processes. In this study, we investigated functions of miRNA miR‐34c‐3p in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and methodsmiR‐34c‐3p expression was evaluated by qPCR. Cell viability was examined by MTT and proliferation by cell cycle analysis. Cell migration and invasion were tested using Transwells with/without Matrigel coating. Western blot analysis was performed for eIF4E, c‐Myc, Cyclin D1, survivin and Mcl‐1 protein expression.ResultsmiR‐34c‐3p expression was significantly reduced in tissues and serum samples from NSCLC patients and in NSCLC cell lines A549, H460, H23, H157 and H1299. Overexpression of miR‐34c‐3p in A549 and H157 cells reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas transfection with miR‐34c‐3p inhibitor (miR‐34c‐3p‐in) produced opposite effects. Target analysis using algorithms miRanda, TargetScan and DIANA identified eIF4E as a potential target of miR‐34c‐3p. Luciferase assay using the eIF4E 3′‐UTR reporter carrying a putative miR‐34c‐3p target sequence revealed eIF4E to be a specific target of miR‐34c‐3p. Overexpression of miR‐34c‐3p in NSCLS cell lines led to significant reduction in mRNA and protein levels of eIF4E, whereas inhibition of miR‐34c‐3p resulted in significant increase in eIf4e protein levels, confirming eIF4E to be a direct target of miR‐34c‐3p in NSCLS. Overexpression of eIF4E in A549 cells promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which were partially reversed by miR‐34c‐3p.ConclusionmiR‐34c‐3p directly targeted eIF4E and reduced miR‐34c‐3p expression in NSCLC, promoting cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration and invasion.
Who gains clinical benefit from using insulin pump therapy? A qualitative study of the perceptions and views of health professionals involved in the Relative Effectiveness of Pumps over MDI and Structured Education (REPOSE) trial
Authors: Lawton J. , Kirkham J. , Rankin D. , White D. A. , Elliott J. , Jaap A. , Smithson W. H. , Heller S. ,   the REPOSE Group
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimsTo explore health professionals' views about insulin pump therapy [continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)] and the types of individuals they thought would gain greatest clinical benefit from using this treatment.MethodsIn‐depth interviews with staff (n = 18) who delivered the Relative Effectiveness of Pumps Over MDI and Structured Education (REPOSE) trial. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsStaff perceived insulin pumps as offering a better self‐management tool to some individuals due to the drip feed of insulin, the ability to alter basal rates and other advanced features. However, staff also noted that, because of the diversity of features on offer, CSII is a more technically complex therapy to execute than multiple daily injections. For this reason, staff described how, alongside clinical criteria, they had tended to select individuals for CSII in routine clinical practice based on their perceptions about whether they possessed the personal and psychological attributes needed to make optimal use of pump technology. Staff also described how their assumptions about personal and psychological suitability had been challenged by working on the REPOSE trial and observing individuals make effective use of CSII who they would not have recommended for this type of therapy in routine clinical practice.ConclusionsOur findings add to those studies that highlight the difficulties of using patient characteristics and variables to predict clinical success using CSII. To promote equitable access to CSII, attitudinal barriers and prejudicial assumptions amongst staff about who is able to make effective use of CSII may need to be addressed.
Fiscal Shocks and the Exchange Rate in a Generalized Redux Model
Authors: Di Giorgio Giorgio , Nisticò Salvatore , Traficante Guido 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper studies how the interaction between the monetary policy regime and the degree of home bias in public consumption affects the exchange‐rate response to fiscal shocks in a generalized version of the Redux model of Obstfeld and Rogoff (). We show that the joint presence of home bias in public consumption and endogenous monetary policy overturns the result of the Redux model implying an exchange‐rate appreciation in response to an expansionary fiscal shock.
Patients with multiple myeloma have excellent long‐term outcomes after recovery from dialysis‐dependent acute kidney injury
Authors: Yadav Punit , Hutchison Colin A. , Basnayake Kolitha , Stringer Stephanie , Jesky Mark , Fifer Lesley , Snell Kym , Pinney Jennifer , Drayson Mark T. , Cook Mark , Cockwell Paul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to report the long‐term outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who receive dialysis treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) due to myeloma cast nephropathy and subsequently recover renal function.MethodsPatients presenting with dialysis‐dependent AKI secondary to myeloma cast nephropathy and subsequently recovering independent renal function between January 2005 and December 2012 were included in this study. Both renal and haematological parameters were collected at multiple time points as part of routine clinic practice. Factors associated with renal function and overall survival (OS) were determined.ResultsTwenty‐four patients fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. Mean age was 62.1 years; 75% were male and 75% were of White ethnicity. The median OS was 64.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.8–93.3). Twenty‐three (95.8%) patients remained dialysis‐independent until death or end of follow‐up; one patient required further haemodialysis treatment during the follow‐up period. The independent determinant of worse OS was a known history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) at presentation. Shorter length of time on haemodialysis and higher percentage reduction in clonal serum FLC at day 21 from baseline predicted better excretory renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) at 6 months.ConclusionIn this series, the large majority of patients with MM and dialysis‐dependent AKI secondary to myeloma cast nephropathy who recovered independent renal function had no requirement for further dialysis. Survival following recovery of renal function is good, and early variables are independently associated with survival and future renal function.
Microbial ecosystems are dominated by specialist taxa
Authors: Mariadassou Mahendra , Pichon Samuel , Ebert Dieter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbundance and specificity are two key characteristics of species distribution and biodiversity. Theories of species assembly aim to reproduce the empirical joint patterns of specificity and abundance, with the goal to explain patterns of biodiversity across habitats. The specialist‐generalist paradigm predicts that specialists should have a local advantage over generalists and thus be more abundant. We developed a specificity index to analyse abundance–specificity relationships in microbial ecosystems. By analysing microbiota spanning 23 habitats from three very different data sets covering a wide range of sequencing depths and environmental conditions, we find that habitats are consistently dominated by specialist taxa, resulting in a strong, positive correlation between abundance and specificity. This finding is consistent over several levels of taxonomic aggregation and robust to errors in abundance measures. The relationship explains why shallow sequencing captures similar β‐diversity as deep sequencing, and can be sufficient to capture the habitat‐specific functions of microbial communities.
Rapid local adaptation mediates zooplankton community assembly in experimental mesocosms
Authors: Pantel Jelena H. , Duvivier Cathy , Meester Luc De 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAdaptive evolution can occur over similar timescales as ecological processes such as community assembly, but its particular effects on community assembly and structure and their magnitude are poorly understood. In experimental evolution trials, Daphnia magna were exposed to varying environments (presence and absence of fish and artificial macrophytes) for 2 months. Then, in a common gardening experiment, we compared zooplankton community composition when either experimentally adapted or D. magna from the original population were present. Local adaptation of D. magna significantly altered zooplankton community composition, leading to a suppression of abundances for some zooplankton taxa and facilitation for others. The effect size of D. magna adaptation was similar to that of adding fish or macrophytes to mesocosms, two important drivers of zooplankton community structure. Our results suggest that substantial amounts of variation in community composition in natural systems may be unexplained if evolutionary dynamics are ignored.
Different axes of environmental variation explain the presence vs. extent of cooperative nest founding associations in Polistes paper wasps
Authors: Sheehan Michael J , Botero Carlos A , Hendry Tory A , Sedio Brian E , Jandt Jennifer M , Weiner Susan , Toth Amy L , Tibbetts Elizabeth A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEcological constraints on independent breeding are recognised as major drivers of cooperative breeding across diverse lineages. How the prevalence and degree of cooperative breeding relates to ecological variation remains unresolved. Using a large data set of cooperative nesting in Polistes wasps we demonstrate that different aspects of cooperative breeding are likely to be driven by different aspects of climate. Whether or not a species forms cooperative groups is associated with greater short‐term temperature fluctuations. In contrast, the number of cooperative foundresses increases in more benign environments with warmer, wetter conditions. The same data set reveals that intraspecific responses to climate variation do not mirror genus‐wide trends and instead are highly heterogeneous among species. Collectively these data suggest that the ecological drivers that lead to the origin or loss of cooperation are different from those that influence the extent of its expression within populations.
Gut physiology mediates a trade‐off between adaptation to malnutrition and susceptibility to food‐borne pathogens
Authors: Vijendravarma Roshan K. , Narasimha Sunitha , Chakrabarti Sveta , Babin Aurelie , Kolly Sylvain , Lemaitre Bruno , Kawecki Tadeusz J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe animal gut plays a central role in tackling two common ecological challenges, nutrient shortage and food‐borne parasites, the former by efficient digestion and nutrient absorption, the latter by acting as an immune organ and a barrier. It remains unknown whether these functions can be independently optimised by evolution, or whether they interfere with each other. We report that Drosophila melanogaster populations adapted during 160 generations of experimental evolution to chronic larval malnutrition became more susceptible to intestinal infection with the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. However, they do not show suppressed immune response or higher bacterial loads. Rather, their increased susceptibility to P. entomophila is largely mediated by an elevated predisposition to loss of intestinal barrier integrity upon infection. These results may reflect a trade‐off between the efficiency of nutrient extraction from poor food and the protective function of the gut, in particular its tolerance to pathogen‐induced damage.
Contrasting genetic structure between mitochondrial and nuclear markers in the dengue fever mosquito from Rio de Janeiro: implications for vector control
Authors: Rašić Gordana , Schama Renata , Powell Rosanna , Maciel‐de Freitas Rafael , Endersby‐Harshman Nancy M. , Filipović Igor , Sylvestre Gabriel , Máspero Renato C. , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDengue is the most prevalent global arboviral disease that affects over 300 million people every year. Brazil has the highest number of dengue cases in the world, with the most severe epidemics in the city of Rio de Janeiro (Rio). The effective control of dengue is critically dependent on the knowledge of population genetic structuring in the primary dengue vector, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. We analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated via Restriction‐site Associated DNA sequencing, as well as traditional microsatellite markers in Ae. aegypti from Rio. We found four divergent mitochondrial lineages and a strong spatial structuring of mitochondrial variation, in contrast to the overall nuclear homogeneity across Rio. Despite a low overall differentiation in the nuclear genome, we detected strong spatial structure for variation in over 20 genes that have a significantly altered expression in response to insecticides, xenobiotics, and pathogens, including the novel biocontrol agent Wolbachia. Our results indicate that high genetic diversity, spatially unconstrained admixing likely mediated by male dispersal, along with locally heterogeneous genetic variation that could affect insecticide resistance and mosquito vectorial capacity, set limits to the effectiveness of measures to control dengue fever in Rio.
Discharge, legacy effects and nutrient availability as determinants of temporal patterns in biofilm metabolism and accrual in an arctic river
Authors: Kendrick Michael R. , Huryn Alexander D. 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Significant changes in the timing of thawing and freezing, annual discharge and nutrient supply are anticipated for arctic river ecosystems due to climate warming. Our understanding of the effects of such changes, however, is poor. Since biofilms are both critical to ecosystem processes and subject to control by combinations of freezing dynamics, discharge and nutrient supply, the effects of climate warming on arctic river ecosystems may be substantial.

We studied biofilm accrual and metabolism in the Kuparuk River of Alaska with three objectives. First, we assessed biofilm activity during the open‐water season, including the poorly known ‘shoulder seasons’ (periods shortly after the spring thaw and then before autumn freezing). Second, we assessed how discharge and freezing dynamics may affect temporal patterns in biofilm activity. Third, we assessed biofilm response to increases in concentrations predicted as the climate warms.

Our study consisted of an upstream reference reach and a downstream treatment reach where H3PO4 was experimentally added for two years (2011–2012; ˜0.3 μm increase). We used archived reference‐reach data from 1983 to 2014 to assess discharge–chlorophyll relationships.

Mean biofilm gross primary production (GPP) in the reference reach during 2011 and 2012 was 15.4 ± 2.2 (mean ± S.E.) and 13.4 ± 2.5 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively, with spring shoulder season values being significantly higher than the summer values that are more routinely measured. An analysis of a 31‐year record from the reference reach revealed that biofilm chlorophyll biomass was significantly (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.001) related to the discharge regime of the previous summer. This ‘legacy effect’ is attributable to bedfast ice within the river channel during winter that protects biofilms from scour during the spring thaw. Before–after‐control–impact (BACI) analysis showed significant and positive effects on mean biofilm chl‐a biomass in the treatment reach. This treatment effect was associated with a parallel increase in GPP.

High biofilm activity in the Kuparuk River during the shoulder seasons indicates its potential significance to the energetics of arctic river ecosystems, particularly in the context of climate change. The related ‘legacy effect’ probably underlies the scope for rapid recovery of biofilm activity during the spring. Finally, increases in at concentrations predicted as the climate warms are likely to result in increases in summer biofilm biomass and metabolism. Further studies of biofilm processes during the shoulder seasons, and how these are affected by shifts in discharge, freezing dynamics and nutrient supply, are required for a comprehensive understanding of the effects of climate warming on arctic river ecosystems.
Slow life history and rapid extreme flood: demographic mechanisms and their consequences on population viability in a threatened amphibian
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Arsovski Dragan , Boitaud Sylvain , Bonnaire Eric , Boualit Laurent , Miaud Claude , Joly Pierre , Besnard Aurelien 
Published: August 2015

Summary

In the Northern Hemisphere, an increase in both the frequency and magnitude of violent flooding events has been reported due to climate change. According to life history theory, one might postulate that in ‘slow’ species: (i) environmental canalisation may act as a selective force that minimises to some extent adult survival variations caused by catastrophic flood and (ii) extreme flooding events would cause important variations in recruitment and young survival. Hence, it may be hypothesised that (iii) the population growth rate of ‘slow’ species might be relatively insensitive to changes in the frequency of extreme climatic events if adult survival remains largely unaffected.

In this study, we investigated how extreme rainfall events resulting in severe flood impact population dynamics of a long‐lived endangered amphibian, the yellow‐bellied toad (Bombina variegata: Bombinatoridae). To address this issue, we used capture–recapture (CR) data collected on two populations (768 and 1154 individuals identified) in southern France and developed multi‐event CR models.

Our results indicated that extreme flooding did not cause any variation in sub‐adult or adult survival, whereas recruitment and juvenile survival were negatively impacted. Furthermore, our simulations indicated that the population growth rate was only marginally sensitive to potential changes in the frequency of extreme flooding in the future.

Hence, we suggest that extreme flooding does not appear to be a proximal factor of extinction risk for this endangered amphibian species.
The biogeography of fertilization mode in the sea
Authors: Monro Keyne , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimKnowledge of the biogeography of life histories is central to understanding and predicting the impacts of global change on key functional traits that shape species distributions and transcend taxonomic boundaries. Whether species are internal or external fertilizers is a fundamental aspect of reproductive diversity in the sea, and has profound ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, geographic variation in this trait and the factors that potentially drive it (e.g. transitions in associated life‐history traits, ecological conditions that favour one mode over the other or the evolutionary history of species) remain poorly characterized.LocationOceans world‐wide.MethodsWe collated life‐history data (modes of fertilization and development), geographic data and biophysical data (sea‐surface temperatures and food availability) for 1532 marine species spanning 17 invertebrate phyla. We used standard and phylogenetic logistic regressions to evaluate latitudinal gradients in fertilization mode, plus their interactions with development (transitions from planktonic to aplanktonic development, or from feeding to non‐feeding larvae) and taxonomy. We also explored the dependence of fertilization mode on biophysical variables to understand how ecology potentially contributes to geographic variation in this trait.ResultsFertilization mode often varies predictably with latitude, but the exact nature of this relationship depends on developmental mode and the phylum under consideration. Some commonalities were evident, however, with the likelihood of internal fertilization declining at higher latitudes forAnnelida andEchinodermata with aplanktonic development, but increasing at higher latitudes forCnidaria and Porifera with non‐feeding, planktonic larvae. Synergistic effects of temperature and food availability may potentially shape some of these patterns.Main conclusionsThere are latitudinal gradients in fertilization mode in the sea. The variation among phyla and developmental modes, however, is a complexity that is unexplained by existing theory. Combined effects of recent adaptation and deeper phylogenetic history have probably shaped this systematic variation in the reproductive ecology of marine organisms.
Differences in lifestyle, physical performance and quality of life between frail and robust Brazilian community‐dwelling elderly women
Authors: Sewo Sampaio Priscila Yukari , Sampaio Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho , Coelho Júnior Hélio José , Teixeira Luis Felipe M , Tessutti Vitor D , Uchida Marco Carlos , Arai Hidenori 
Published: August 2015

AimTo investigate the lifestyles, physical performance and quality of life (QOL) of frail and robust Brazilian community‐dwelling older women, and to identify risk factors for frailty.MethodsFrailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist. Lifestyles were assessed using a questionnaire. Physical performance was assessed by measuring walking speeds, performance on the one‐leg stand test and the five‐times chair stand test and handgrip strength. QOL was assessed using the Short Form‐8 questionnaire. Participants were divided into frail and robust groups based on their total Kihon Checklist scores.ResultsA total of 109 participants (age 70.8 ± 6.87 years) were included in this study (robust n = 85, frail n = 24). Differences in living structures (P < 0.001), financial satisfaction (P = 0.004) and the frequencies with which participants leave the house (P < 0.001) were found between groups. The frail group had more fallers (P = 0.047), and lower engagement in physical activity (P = 0.044), lower body mass indices (P = 0.043) and poorer nutritional status (P = 0.002), whereas robust older people showed better physical performance (walking speed P < 0.001, one‐leg stand P = 0.021, handgrip strength P = 0.002) and higher QOL scores (general health P = 0.005, role‐physical P = 0.013, bodily pain P = 0.002, vitality P = 0.001, social functioning P = 0.001, role‐emotional P = 0.008). Multivariate regression analysis identified a slow usual walking speed and bodily pain as risk factors for frailty.ConclusionsFrail participants had higher indices for being housebound, and having financial dissatisfaction, a sedentary lifestyle, falls, and malnutrition. Furthermore, they showed poorer physical performance and QOL. An early, well‐focused approach is crucial, especially for older adults who walk slowly and have bodily pain to preserve health and QOL. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 829–835.