bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of injection of concentrated NOx into diesel engine intake on exhaust gas components and fuel consumption
Authors: Yoshida Keiichiro , Kuwahara Takuya , Kuroki Tomoyuki , Okubo Masaaki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effect of injecting NO (major content of NOx in diesel exhaust gas) into a diesel engine intake, on the reduction of NOx generation at the combustion chamber was investigated. The results demonstrate that 20 to 30% of the injected NO [0.225 to 0.72 slm (slm: standard liter per minute)] is reduced. A discussion of the NOx reduction based on the extended Zeldovich mechanism suggests that the reduction is mainly attributable to the region where the equivalence ratio ranges from 1.1 to 1.5 and that the reaction between NO and hydrocarbon species contributes slightly to the NO reduction. Further experimental data show that the injection of NO slightly improves the specific fuel consumption; for example, a 0.4% reduction is achieved when NO is injected at 0.72 slm for an intake airflow of 285 slm. The experimentally determined change in fuel consumption is highly consistent with the calculations based on the reaction enthalpy of NO reduction and CO oxidation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(3): 39–47, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22341
Syntheses and Coordination Studies of 2‐(Phosphanylmethyl)pyridine Dioxide toward Silver (I)
Authors: Padron Daniel A. , Klausmeyer Kevin K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe coordination properties of the 2‐[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridine N,P‐dioxide ligand towards three different silver(I) salts are described. The molecular structures of the coordination complexes obtained showed a strong dependence on the 2‐[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridine N,P‐dioxide ligand and the binding ability of the counterion. The strongly binding trifluoroacetate ion yielded a unique planar silver cluster complex, whereas the less strongly binding triflate and BF4– complexes yielded polymeric structures. The synthesized complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy techniques. The crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Tripodal MIII Complexes on Au(111) Surfaces: Towards Molecular “Lunar Modules”
Authors: Schramm Alexandrina , Stroh Christophe , Dössel Kerrin , Lukas Maya , Fischer Matthias , Schramm Frank , Fuhr Olaf , Löhneysen Hilbert v. , Mayor Marcel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of tripodal MIII complexes (M = Ga, Mn, Fe) functionalized with three methylsulfanyl end‐groups for deposition on Au(111) were synthesized. The structures were designed to build rigid three‐dimensional molecular structures that stand on their own with multiple attachments on the metallic surface. The coordination compounds are based on a trensal [(tris(2,2′,2"‐salicylideneimino)triethylamine)] Schiff base ligand which provides stable metal complexes. The molecular structures of GaIII, FeIII, and MnIII complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction crystallography. Magnetic properties depend on the coordinated metal ion and vary from a diamagnetic GaIII complex to paramagnetic high‐spin FeIII and MnIII complexes. A submonolayer of the GaIII complex deposited on Au(111) was studied in a preliminary ultra‐high‐vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV‐STM) investigation.
Continuing Issues with Lead: Recent Advances in Detection
Authors: Deibler Kristine , Basu Partha 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the past, Pb2+ was used in many industries, including gasoline, piping, toys, paints, and more. The use of lead has led to a natural increase in lead concentrations in the environment, especially in air and water. According to the U.S. Center for Disease Control “no level of lead in blood is considered safe.” Exposure to very low levels of lead can cause several health complications including developmental and neurological disorders. Over the past several years an emphasis has been placed on developing systems that can detect lead at very low concentrations. A great deal of work has been accomplished in the development of Pb2+ sensors that can not only detect but also quantify, and in some cases in the presence of other metal ions, the amount present. Herein, we describe current regulations, modes of exposure, and recent developments in sensing techniques.
Trivalent Cerium and Praseodymium Aromatic Ketone Adducts
Authors: Crozier Alan R. , Törnroos Karl W. , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reactions of the aromatic ketones benzophenone and 9‐fluorenone with trivalent [LnL3] complexes [Ln = Ce, Pr; L = N(SiMe3)2, C5H5 (Cp)] produce highly colored solutions in toluene. Characterization of these complexes by X‐ray diffraction revealed them to be monoadducts of the form [LnL3(ketone)]. The crystallographically determined C–O bonds of these complexes are longer than those of the free ketones. Significant ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer is also indicated by the ν(C=O) vibration of the coordinated ketone, which appears at lower wavelength. Solution‐based 1H NMR spectroscopy showed paramagnetic spectra of complexes Ln[N(SiMe3)2]3(ketone) and Ln(C5H5)3(ketone), which further supports this finding.
Dihydropyridazine Derivatives with Cyclopenta‐, Benzo‐, Furo‐, Thiopyrano‐ and Pyrido‐Annulation
Authors: Penning Miriam , Christoffers Jens 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRegioisomeric [c]annulated pyridazines were prepared from arylhydrazines and carbocyclic or heterocyclic β‐oxo esters with an α‐phenacetyl moiety. With AcOH/EtOH, the hydrazones were preferentially formed at the endocyclic ketone, which are further cyclized with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)/CH2Cl2 to give 2,4a‐dihydropyridazines. Use of TFA/CH2Cl2 led hydrazones at the exocyclic benzoyl group, which reacted further to give 1,4‐dihydro‐4aH‐pyridazines. In this investigation, examples of the rare or unknown heterocyclic systems furo[3,4‐c]‐, thiopyrano[4,3‐c]‐ and pyrido[4,3‐c]pyridazine were prepared.
Thermal Rearrangement of Azido Ketones into Oxazoles via Azirines: One‐Pot, Metal‐Free Heteroannulation to Functionalized 1,3‐Oxazoles
Authors: Shah Shailesh R. , Navathe Sudhanva S. , Dikundwar Amol G. , Guru Row Tayur N. , Vasella Andrea T. 
Published: November 2012

Abstractα‐Azidoacetophenones were converted into 2‐aryl‐1,3‐oxazole‐4‐carbaldehydes through rearrangement of the carbon framework upon exposure to DMF/POCl3. The unprecedented rearrangement occurs via alkenyl azides and 2H‐azirines. A mechanism for this unusual reaction was proposed and evidenced.
Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of a Naturally Occurring (5‐5′)/(8′‐O‐4″) Dehydrotrimer of Ferulic Acid
Authors: Mouterde Louis M. M. , Flourat Amandine L. , Cannet Molly M. M. , Ducrot Paul‐Henri , Allais Florent 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe cross‐linking of plant cell walls by ferulate dehydrodimerization reactions is well established. Recently, a (5‐5′)/(8′‐O‐4″) dehydrotrimer of ferulic acid (A) was isolated from alkali extracts of maize bran. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of an extensive structural analysis (UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR). This first identified ferulic acid dehydrotrimer has revealed that parietal polysaccharide chains can be more extensively cross‐linked than has been previously recognized. To produce the (5‐5′)/(8′‐O‐4″) dehydrotrimer (A) in sufficient high‐purity quantities and allow the development of analytical methodologies (e.g., LC/GC, immunohistochemistry) to identify and quantify this peculiar trimer in plant extracts or samples, its first total convergent synthesis has been achieved in 10 steps and in 18 % yield starting from commercially available vanillin by horseradish peroxidase mediated enzymatic aryl–aryl coupling, aldolization/crotonization, and Wittig olefination reactions as the key steps.
Synthesis of a Spirocyclic Seco Structure of the Principal Vetiver Odorant Khusimone
Authors: Kraft Philip , Denizot Natacha 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structure of tricyclic compounds with a zero‐bridge to one bridgehead atom is determined by the underlying spirocyclic framework. (–)‐Khusimone (1), the principal odorant of vetiver oil (content up to 2 %), is such a tricyclic norsesquiterpene, and dissection of the 7,8‐bond between the methylene and the gem‐dimethyl unit of 1 results in a spirocycle extending over an almost identical molecular volume and shape. Given that the “vetiver rule” postulates that one α‐branched carbonyl osmophore in a certain spatial distance to a bulky moiety is responsible for the odor of vetiver, a 7,8‐seco structure of 1 could prove or disprove these structural requirements. Therefore, (4R*,5R*)‐7‐isopropyl‐4‐vinylspiro[4.4]nonan‐1‐one [(4R*,5R*)‐2] was synthesized in a 10‐step synthetic sequence commencing with Steglich esterification of allyl alcohol (15) and isovaleric acid (14). Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of the formed allyl isovalerate (16) with subsequent lithium aluminum hydride reduction of resulting γ,δ‐unsaturated acid 18, Appel bromination of corresponding alcohol 19, and ozonolysis provided 4‐bromo‐3‐isopropylbutanal (23) in 19 % overall yield as a building block for the projected spiroannulation reactions. Although attempts on cyclopentanone (7) failed, cyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one, via its TMS‐trapped lithium 3‐vinylcyclopent‐1‐enolate 12, turned out to be a successful starting material. Evans' variant of the Mukaiyama aldol reaction with 1‐trimethylsiloxy‐3‐vinylcyclopent‐1‐ene (12) in the presence of BF3·OEt2, followed by palladium‐catalyzed conjugate tin hydride reduction of resulting enone 28 provided 2‐(4′‐bromo‐3′‐isopropylbutyl)‐3‐vinylcyclopentanone (29) in 50 % overall yield as the anlation precursor. LDA‐mediated 5‐exo‐tet cyclization of 29 concluded the synthesis of the racemic 7,8‐seco‐/6‐epi‐7,8‐secokhusimone mixture (4R*,5R*)‐2, which possessed a floral, rosy, green, geranium‐like odor with a threshold of 42.0 ng L–1 air, which is 10 times less intense than that of (–)‐khusimone (1). Most importantly, seco structure (4R*,5R*)‐2 did not display any woody nor any vetiver character, which proves the postulated vetiver rule wrong.
Earthquake response analyses of a full‐scale five‐story steel frame equipped with two types of dampers
Authors: Yu Yi‐Jer , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Li Chao‐Hsien , Weng Yuan‐Tao , Tsai Ching‐Yi 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe seismic performance tests of a full‐scale five‐story passively controlled steel building were conducted on the E‐Defense shaking table in Japan in March 2009. Before the tests, a blind prediction contest was held to allow researchers and practitioners from all over the world to construct analytical models and predict the dynamic responses of the steel frame specimen equipped with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) or viscous dampers (VDs). This paper presents the details of two refined prediction models made and results obtained before the tests. When the proposed analytical modeling techniques are adopted as in the two refined prediction models, the overall prediction accuracy is about 90%. Sensitivity studies conducted after the tests are also presented in this paper. The effects of varying each modeling feature on the response simulation accuracy have been investigated. The analytical results suggest that considering concrete full‐composite actions for beam members could improve prediction accuracy by about 20% against using the simplified bare steel beam model. Adopting refined BRB stiffness computed from incorporating finite‐element gusset stiffness only improves the overall prediction accuracy by 0.9%. Considering the BRB dynamic loading test results for analytical BRB strength reduces the error by 1.9%. For the VD frame, incorporating the brace and VD stiffness could improve the overall prediction accuracy by about 15%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roles of dendritic cells in murine hepatic warm and liver transplantation-induced cold ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Matthew , Ueki Shinya , Kimura Shoko , Yoshida Osamu , Castellaneta Antonino , Ozaki Kikumi S. , Demetris Anthony J. , Ross Mark , Vodovotz Yoram , Thomson Angus W. , B. Stolz Donna , Geller David A. , Murase Noriko 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses; however, their

in vivo

functional importance in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is perplexing. We hypothesized that liver-resident DC and locally recruited blood-borne DC might have distinctive roles in hepatic IR injury. We tested this hypothesis by using DC-deficient, fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) knockout (KO) mice in hepatic warm (70% partial clamping for 60 minutes) and cold IR injury (liver transplant [LTx] with 24-hour cold storage). Flt3L KO liver and lymphoid organs contained virtually no CD11c+F4/80− DC. Hepatic warm IR injury was significantly lower in Flt3L KO than in wildtype (WT) mice with lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, reduced hepatic necrosis, and lower neutrophil infiltration. Hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels for inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], interleukin [IL]-6) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL2) were also significantly lower in Flt3L KO than in WT mice, indicating that lack of both liver-resident and blood-borne DC ameliorated hepatic warm IR injury. Adoptive transfer of splenic or hepatic WT DC into Flt3L KO or WT mice increased hepatic warm IR injury, suggesting injurious roles of DC infusion. When Flt3L KO liver was transplanted into WT mice, ALT levels were significantly higher than in WT to WT LTx, with enhanced hepatic necrosis and neutrophil infiltration, indicating a protective role of liver-resident DC.

Conclusion:

Using both warm and cold hepatic IR models, this study suggests differential roles of liver-resident versus blood-borne DC, and points to the importance of the local microenvironment in determining DC function during hepatic IR injury.
Human papillomavirus, smoking status and outcomes in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hong Angela M. , Martin Andrew , Chatfield Mark , Jones Deanna , Zhang Mei , Armstrong Bruce , Lee C. Soon , Harnett Gerald , Milross Christopher , Clark Jonathan , Elliott Michael , Smee Robert , Corry June , Liu Chen , Porceddu Sandro , Rees Guy , Rose Barbara 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt is now clear that the two separate entitles of tonsillar cancer, HPV induced and non‐HPV induced (smoking induced), have significantly different presenting stage and outcomes. A significant proportion of patients with human papillomavirus positive tonsillar cancer have had exposure to smoking. We examined the combined effect of human papillomavirus and smoking on the outcomes and determined whether smoking can modify the beneficial effect of human papillomavirus. A total of 403 patients from nine centers were followed up for recurrence or death for a median of 38 months. Determinants of the rate of loco‐regional recurrence, death from tonsillar cancer and overall survival were modeled using Cox regression. Smoking status was a significant predictor of overall survival (p = 0.04). There were nonstatistically significant trends favoring never smokers for loco‐regional recurrence and disease specific survival. In addition, there was no statistically significant interactions between smoking and human papillomavirus (p‐values for the interaction were 0.26 for loco‐regional recurrence, 0.97 for disease specific survival and 0.73 for overall survival). The effect of smoking on loco‐regional recurrence and disease specific survival outcomes was not statistically significant, nor was there significant evidence that the effect of smoking status on these outcomes was modified by HPV status. Irrespective of HPV status, however, smokers did have poorer overall survival than never‐smokers, presumably due to effects of smoking that are unrelated to the primary cancer.
Cellular reprogramming and cancer development
Authors: Semi Katsunori , Matsuda Yutaka , Ohnishi Kotaro , Yamada Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCancer develops through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. The role of genetic alterations in cancer development has been demonstrated by reverse genetic approaches. However, evidence indicating the functional significance of epigenetic abnormalities remains limited due to the lack of means to actively modify coordinated epigenetic regulations in the genome. Application of the reprogramming technology may help researchers to overcome this limitation and shed new light on cancer research. Reprogramming is accompanied by dynamic changes of epigenetic modifications and is therefore considered to be a useful tool to induce global epigenetic changes in cancer genomes. We herein discuss the similarities between reprogramming processes and carcinogenesis and propose the potential use of reprogramming technology to help understanding of the significance of epigenetic regulations in cancer cells. We, also discuss the application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology to cancer modeling based on the similar characteristics between pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells.
A new approach for elimination of gastric cancer deaths in Japan
Authors: Asaka Masahiro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe explore a strategy for the elimination of gastric cancer deaths in Japan. Most gastric cancer is due to H. pylori infection in Japan. The effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on gastric cancer prevention in younger people is excellent, but it declines along with advancing age. Therefore, a test‐and‐treat approach to H. pylori infection is recommended in younger people, while for people aged 50 years or older a combination of countermeasures for H. pylori eradication that includes primary prevention and secondary prevention by endoscopic examination will reduce gastric cancer deaths, since this method will increase early detection if the disease occurs. In this paper, I described a new strategy of elimination of gastric cancer deaths in Japan due to such a high quality of diagnosis and treatment for gastric cancer. If this strategy succeeds, the incidence of gastric cancer in Japan may decrease much longer than 10 years.
Autocrine and paracrine loops between cancer cells and macrophages promote lymph node metastasis via CCR4/CCL22 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tsujikawa Takahiro , Yaguchi Tomonori , Ohmura Gaku , Ohta Shigeki , Kobayashi Asuka , Kawamura Naoshi , Fujita Tomonobu , Nakano Hiroshi , Shimada Taketoshi , Takahashi Takeshi , Nakao Ryuta , Yanagisawa Akio , Hisa Yasuo , Kawakami Yutaka 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its molecular mechanism has not yet been fully understood. In our study, we investigated the expression of CCR4 and its ligand CCL22 in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment and found that the CCR4/CCL22 axis was involved in lymph node metastasis of HNSCC. CCR4 was expressed in 20 of 31 (64.5%) human tongue cancer tissues, and its expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01) and lymphatic invasion (p < 0.05). CCR4 was expressed in three of five human HNSCC cell lines tested. CCR4+ HNSCC cells, but not CCR4− cells, showed enhanced migration toward CCL22, indicating that functional CCR4 was expressed in HNSCC cell lines. CCL22 was also expressed in cancer cells (48.4% of tongue cancer tissues) or CD206+ M2‐like macrophages infiltrated in tumors and draining lymph nodes. CCL22 produced by cancer cells or CD206high M2‐like macrophages increased the cell motility of CCR4+ HNSCC cells in vitro in an autocrine or paracrine manner. In the mouse SCCVII in vivo model, CCR4+ cancer cells, but not CCR4− cells, metastasized to lymph nodes which contained CCL22 producing M2‐like macrophages. These results demonstrate that lymph node metastasis of CCR4+ HNSCC is promoted by CCL22 in an autocrine or M2‐like macrophage‐dependent paracrine manner. Therefore, the CCR4/CCL22 axis may be an attractive target for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with HNSCC.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule is an independent prognostic marker in clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Eichelberg Christian , Chun Felix K. , Bedke Jens , Heuer Roman , Adam Meike , Moch Holger , Terracciano Luigi , Hinrichs Kristin , Dahlem Roland , Fisch Margit , Schlomm Thorsten , Sauter Guido , Minner Sarah 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEpithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) has recently attained a renewed interest as a candidate protein in diagnosis, prognostication and therapy of various tumor entities. The molecular epidemiology and prognostic relevance of EPCAM in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and amongst the histological subtypes of RCC are unclear. We analyzed the prevalence and prognostic significance of EPCAM in a tumor tissue microarray composed of 1,088 independent RCCs samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found significant variations of EPCAM IHC staining intensities in between the RCC subtypes: in papillary and chromophobe RCC, the majority of tumors (89–93%) showed an at least weak EPCAM protein expression. In the largest subgroup, the clear cell (cc)RCC (n = 767), a negative EPCAM IHC was found in 1/3 of the patients and was associated with high‐grade disease and nodal metastases. Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated a significant association between positive EPCAM IHC and prolonged overall survival, even in a subset of low‐risk ccRCC. In multivariable analyses, EPCAM represented an independent risk factor of survival throughout all subgroups. For localized, low‐grade ccRCC, information of EPCAM IHC raised predictive accuracy of a multivariate model by ∼5%, compared to T‐stage and grade alone. Our findings indicate that EPCAM is an independent prognostic molecular marker in ccRCC and, especially in localized ccRCC, might be able to provide auxiliary information for a better prognostication.
Discrimination of single‐porin Escherichia (E.) coli mutants by ATR and transmission mode FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Saraiva Raúl G. , Lopes João Almeida , Machado Jorge , Gameiro Paula , Feio Maria J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractVibrational spectroscopy has long been used in bacterial identification with different levels of taxonomic discrimination but its true potential for intra‐species differentiation remains poorly explored. Herein, both transmission Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and attenuated total reflectance (ATR)‐FTIR spectroscopy are used to analyse E. coli strains that differ solely in their porin expression profile. In this previously unreported approach, the applicability of both FTIR‐spectroscopy techniques is compared with the same collection of unique strains. ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy proved to reliably distinguish between several E. coli porin mutants with an accuracy not replicated by FTIR in transmission mode (using previously optimized procedures). Further studies should allow the identification of the individual contribution of the single porin channel to the overall bacterial infrared spectrum and of molecular predictive patterns of porin alterations. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)