bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demokratische Teilhabe in der Grundschule – Welche Mitbestimmungsmöglichkeiten nehmen Kinder im Klassenkontext wahr?
Authors: Gerbeshi Leonora , Ertl Sonja , Torrau Sören 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie UN-Kinderrechtskonvention gilt als Leitprinzip demokratischer Teilhabe, wodurch die Forderung nach Mitbestimmungsmöglichkeiten für Kinder begründet wird. Inwiefern Kinder im Grundschulalter in Unterricht und Schulleben mitbestimmen können und welche Rolle dabei personenbezogene und andere unterrichtsbezogene Merkmale spielen, ist bislang noch unzureichend erforscht. Der Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse einer querschnittlichen Fragebogenstudie mit Drittklässler*innen (N = 543) zur Mitbestimmung im Klassenkontext dar. Die Ergebnisse multipler Regressionsmodelle unter Berücksichtigung der Klassenstruktur zeigen, dass die Schüler*innen Mitbestimmung vorrangig bezüglich organisatorischer Aspekte und weniger bezüglich des konkreten Unterrichts wahrnehmen: Sie fühlen sich informiert und gehört, erleben jedoch wenig Austausch- und Abstimmungsprozesse. Sowohl die Migrationsgeschichte als auch die wahrgenommene Selbstbestimmung im Unterricht stellen dabei bedeutsame Prädiktoren für die wahrgenommene Mitbestimmung der Kinder im Klassenkontext dar. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und weitere Forschungsdesiderata aufgezeigt. Abschließend werden Implikationen für die demokratische Teilhabe von Grundschulkindern im Klassenkontext abgeleitet.
Direct and some inverse problems for a generalized diffusion equation with variable coefficients
Authors: Ilyas Asim , Malik Salman A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDirect and two inverse problems for a Legendre equation involving integral convolution in time are studied. The inverse problems are ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard. The analytical series solutions of the problems are constructed by using method of variable separation. The determination of only u(x, y) is studied in the direct problem, the recovery of a pair of functions, i.e., $$\{u(x,y), f(x)\}$$

{
u
(
x
,
y
)
,
f
(
x
)
}

with appropriate addition data at some T is investigated in the 1st inverse problem while the identification of a pair of functions, i.e., $$\{u(x,y), q(y)\}$$

{
u
(
x
,
y
)
,
q
(
y
)
}

with an integral type data is considered in the 2nd inverse problem. By imposing certain regularity conditions, the unique existence of series solutions is developed. We provided some numerical examples to illustrate our results for the inverse problems.
Esercizio fisico nel diabete mellito di tipo 1
Authors: Haxhi Jonida , Bellini Alessio 
Published: August 2024

SommarioL’esercizio fisico migliora il controllo glicemico e la salute generale nelle persone con diabete. Tuttavia, nel diabete di tipo 1 esiste un aumento del rischio di ipoglicemia durante e dopo l’esercizio, che si traduce in contromisure inappropriate quali il consumo non necessario di carboidrati, o anche l’omissione dell’insulina o, addirittura, nell’astenersi dall’esercizio, tutte contromisure che incidono sul controllo glicemico e sul rischio cardio-metabolico. Il buon controllo glicemico durante l’esercizio fisico, implica però un’adeguata formazione dei pazienti oltre che di chi se ne prende cura. È importante un’adeguata pianificazione finalizzata a ottenere un buon controllo glicemico e ridurre il rischio di ipoglicemia durante e dopo l’allenamento, e ancora più importante durante le competizioni sportive. Questa Rassegna analizza e discute i fattori e le strategie utili a gestire la glicemia durante e dopo l’esercizio fisico, con l’obiettivo di migliorare il controllo glicemico, ridurre l’ipoglicemia e migliorare le prestazioni fisiche.
Controls on the terrigenous fractions in Early Kimmeridgian shallow-water carbonate deposits in Southern Iberia
Authors: Coimbra Rute , Olóriz Federico , Rocha Fernando 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo Kimmeridgian shallow-marine carbonate successions (mid-shelf), sharing a similar paleoclimatic framework (climatic zone), were previously explored using carbonate chemostratigraphy. Before, the goal was to detect signals related to paleoplatform bottom physiography, degree of connection with oceanic waters and overall circulation patterns. In this contribution, complementary bulk mineralogical composition and clay mineral fractions are investigated to contrast and complement previous information, aiming for a more complete overview of continent-ocean dynamics along shallow-carbonate platforms of southern Iberia. The goal is now to explore complex patterns of continental influence along proximal settings and their relative spatial distribution across differentiated settings without relevant difference in paleolatitude. The choice of both stratigraphic sections is based on this distinctness: Rocha Poço (Algarve Basin, Portugal) represents a more restricted and relatively proximal setting, in contrast to Puerto Lorente (South Iberian Paleomargin, S Spain) placed at a relatively more open and probably distal shallow-water context. Accordingly, quartz content was higher at Rocha Poço, especially at the lower siliciclastic interval of this section. Quartz contribution fades out at Puerto Lorente, where it was mainly controlled by short-lived terrigenous pulses. Clay mineral assemblages also differed, being more varied (smectite, illite and traces of kaolinite) and abundant at Rocha Poço, and generally leaner at Puerto Lorente. At the latter site, terrigenous pulses do not contribute to clay mineral abundance, only showing abundant illite at the topmost horizons. New information retrieved from mineralogical data provided evidence on depositional contrasts resulting from local differences in platform configuration, allowing a better understanding of mechanisms controlling the terrigenous fraction in the shallow-water carbonates analyzed.
Assessment of the urban pollution island intensity in Rome (Italy) from in-situ PM measurements
Authors: Di Bernardino Annalisa , Erriu Margherita , Argentini Stefania , Campanelli Monica , Casasanta Giampietro , Cecilia Andrea , Falasca Serena , Siani Anna Maria 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Urban Pollution Island (UPI), describing the temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants’ concentration attributed to the presence of urban features and activities, is one of the major problems affecting urban areas and has become more severe with rapid urbanization. To correctly evaluate the UPI Intensity (UPII), i.e., the difference in pollution concentration between the urban agglomeration and its rural surroundings, it is crucial to carefully select rural and, above all, urban reference stations, as local factors such as orography, location of the air quality monitoring stations, and street orientation can significantly impact UPII values. In this work, the UPII in Rome (Italy) is determined using daily-averaged concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 collected by in-situ stations over the period 2018–2023. Three different methods for the assessment of UPII are tested and compared by varying the sub-set of selected urban stations, according to their environmental classification. The approach proposed will have significant implications on the management of urban environment and on the tailored design of urban air quality improvement strategies.
Results show slight differences in the monthly-averaged concentrations of both PM10 and PM2.5 between the “urban traffic” and “urban background” stations, suggesting that the proximity of the emission sources to the monitoring stations moderately influences the concentrations, potentially due to limited ventilation within street canyons, which can inhibit mixing processes. The annual variation of UPII reveals that PM10 is more sensitive to the selection of the stations particularly during winter, when the differences between the three assessment methods reach 100%. Our findings also indicate that, in the case of Rome, using the largest number of stations available in the urban area could enhance the UPII evaluation, taking into consideration the urban structure and the specific characteristics of local emission sources. The results presented here, although related to a single city, demonstrate that the selection of urban stations for the evaluation of UPII is not straightforward and requires further investigation.
Trolley Optimisation for Loading Printed Circuit Board Components
Authors: Chauhan Vinod Kumar , Bass Mark , Parlikad Ajith Kumar , Brintrup Alexandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA trolley is a container for loading printed circuit board (PCB) components, and a trolley optimisation problem (TOP) is an assignment of PCB components to trolleys for use in the production of a set of PCBs in an assembly line. In this paper, we introduce the TOP, a novel operation research application. To formulate the TOP, we derive a novel extension of the bin packing problem. We exploit the problem structure to decompose the TOP into two smaller, identical, and independent problems. Further, we develop a mixed integer linear programming model to solve the TOP and prove that the TOP is an NP-complete problem. A case study of an aerospace manufacturing company is used to illustrate the TOP which successfully automated the manual process in the company and resulted in significant cost reductions and flexibility in the building process.
Paecilomyces variotii extracts promote growth and alleviate nutrient deficiency symptoms in apple
Authors: Zhang Yali , Lv Huimin , Man Yaoyang , Sun Wei , Cui Jianying , Wang Tao , Lv Yanhui , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is essential to find environment-friendly agrochemicals to cope with the problems of nutrient imbalance, fruit quality decline, and physiological disorders during apple fruit production, which is beneficial for improving the quality and yield of apple. A natural extract from Paecilomyces variotii (ZNC), an endophytic fungus, has been used widely to enhance crop performance. However, an understanding of the mechanism underlying ZNC-triggered growth and alleviation of nutrient deficiency-associated symptoms in apples remains elusive. Here, the photosynthesis, leaf growth, and fruit quality were enhanced by adding ZNC. In addition, ZNC relieved nutrient deficiency-related symptoms promoted the differentiation of root morphology and vitality, and reduced the accumulation of osmoprotectants and reactive oxygen species, thereby promoting growth under normal and nutrient-deficient conditions. Finally, genome-wide RNA sequencing reveals the ZNC-regulated mechanisms involved in hormone and metal ion pathways. Our study reveals the role of ZNC in promoting growth and improving the quality of apple, providing a new direction for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Deciphering the Role of Total Water Storage Anomalies in Mediating Regional Flooding
Authors: Sun Alexander Y. , Save Himanshu , Rateb Ashraf , Jiang Peishi , Scanlon Bridget R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRegional floods result from various flood generation mechanisms. Traditional analyses mainly link flooding to extreme rainfall, with limited input from soil moisture. Total water storage (TWS) is a holistic measure of basin wetness, including additional storage components from surface water, snow, and groundwater. Utilizing a new 5‐day Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and its Follow On (GRACE(‐FO)) data set, we investigated the linkage between short‐term TWS anomaly (TWSA) and regional flooding. The 5‐day TWSA solutions revealed flood signals missed by monthly TWSA solutions. Global basins exhibit distinct storage‐discharge co‐evolution patterns, offering new insights into flood mechanisms and propensity. Our bivariate event analyses show the annual maximum river discharges co‐occur more often with the TWSA maxima than with precipitation in many basins. Further analyses revealed TWSA's time‐lagged effect on river discharge, particularly in basins susceptible to floods triggered by saturation‐excess runoff. The 5‐day TWSA provides a new source of information for enhancing global flood preparedness.
Modeling the Responses of Phytoplankton Assemblage and Biological Pump Efficiency to Environmental Changes in the Chukchi Borderland, Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Luo Xiaofan , Dong Chunming , Wei Hao , Zhao Wei , Nie Hongtao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Chukchi Borderland, connecting the Chukchi continental shelf and the Canada Basin, has become a hotspot for studying how ecosystems respond to rapid environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean. Based on a long‐term hindcast simulation during 1998–2015 using a coupled ocean‐sea ice‐biogeochemical model, this study investigates the responses of phytoplankton assemblage and the biological carbon pump efficiency within the upper layers (0–100 m) of the Chukchi Borderland. The nitrate concentration is found to be a crucial factor controlling the total phytoplankton biomass and determining the spatiotemporal variations in the evolution pattern of phytoplankton assemblage. In the shelf break adjacent region, nitrate concentration increased after 2009, boosting phytoplankton biomass with diatoms persistently dominating. In the Canada Basin adjacent region, the westward expansion of the Beaufort Gyre after 2009 extended the influence of oligotrophic water, leading to phytoplankton miniaturization and a shift in phytoplankton assemblage evolution, from a pre‐2009 pattern that non‐diatoms at start were succeeded by diatoms, to a post‐2009 scenario that non‐diatoms dominated throughout the growing season. The biological pump efficiency evidently increased in the shelf break region after 2009, due to heightened biomass and intensified horizontal advection‐induced particulate organic carbon (POC) supply. The western Canada Basin adjacent region presented the reduced primary production and vertical POC flux. However, the deeper nitracline deepened the phytoplankton habitat, shortening POC residence time in the upper layers and enhancing the biological pump efficiency.
Monthly Monitoring of Inundated Areas and Water Storage Dynamics in China's Large Reservoirs Using Multisource Remote Sensing
Authors: Chen Yongzhe , Wang Yiming , Li Luoqi , Cui Yanhong , Duan Xingwu , Long Di 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐frequency monitoring of reservoir inundation and water storage changes is crucial for reservoir functionality assessment and hydrological model calibration. Although the integration of optical data with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscattering coefficients (backscatters) offers an effective approach, conventional methods struggle to consistently provide accurate retrievals over diverse regions and seasons. In this study, we introduce reservoir‐ and monthly‐specific classification models to enhance the integration of Sentinel‐1 SAR backscatters with optical‐based water dynamics. Our method covers 721 reservoirs with a capacity greater than 0.1 km3 in China during 2017–2021. Furthermore, we leverage multisource satellite altimetry records (e.g., ICESat‐2, CryoSat‐2, and GEDI) and digital elevation models to derive hypsometry relationship (i.e., water level–water area relationship) for reservoirs, enabling the transformation of inundated areas into monthly water storage changes for 662 reservoirs, representing 93% of the total storage capacity of large reservoirs. Validation against in‐situ measurements at 80 reservoirs reveals improved monthly inundated area monitoring compared to existing data sets. Additionally, our reservoir water storage change estimates exhibit an average R2 of 0.79 and a mean relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of 21%. Our findings highlight reservoir water increases from May/June to November and declines in winter–spring in most regions. However, the inter‐annual patterns vary among regions, with increases in Northeast China, the Yellow River basin (YR), and Southwest China, contrasted by declines in Eastern and Northwest China. Inter‐ and intra‐annual variability in reservoir water storage is mainly influenced by natural inflow in Northeast and Northwest China, while anthropogenic factors dominate in the YR, Eastern, and Southwest China.
Impact of Atmospheric Cloud Radiative Effects on Annular Mode Persistence in Idealized Simulations
Authors: Vishny David N. , Wall Casey J. , Lutsko Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms by which clouds impact the variability of the mid‐latitude atmosphere are poorly understood. We use an idealized, dry atmospheric model to investigate the relationship between Atmospheric Cloud Radiative Effects (ACRE) and annular mode persistence. We force the model with time‐varying diabatic heating that mimics the observed ACRE response to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Realistic ACRE forcing reduces annular mode persistence by 5 days (−16%), which we attribute to a weakening of low‐frequency eddy forcing via modified low‐level temperature gradients, though this effect is partly compensated by reduced frictional damping due to zonal wind anomalies becoming more top‐heavy. The persistence changes are nonlinear with respect to the amplitude of ACRE forcing, reflecting nonlinearities in the response of the eddy forcing. These results highlight the ACRE's impact on low‐frequency eddy forcing as the dominant cause of changes in annular mode persistence.
How Do Substorms Influence Hemispheric Asymmetries in Equivalent Currents?
Authors: Elhawary R. , Laundal K. M. , Reistad J. P. , Madelaire M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIonospheric dynamics exhibits a distinct hemispheric asymmetry, influenced primarily by the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) By component, dipole tilt, or a combination of both. Previous studies have indicated a reduction in these asymmetries during substorms. In this study, we conduct a superposed epoch analysis using ground magnetometer data from the northern hemisphere to examine the impact of substorms on ionospheric current asymmetry. This analysis uses the assumption of mirror symmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres when IMF By and dipole tilt are reversed. We observe a significant reduction in nightside equivalent current asymmetry indicating the IMF By and dipole tilt have minimal influence on the substorm current. On the other hand, we find that substorms exert minimal or negligible effects on dayside currents. This difference in response between nightside and dayside currents emphasizes the need to incorporate nightside dynamics into existing climatological models, which presently rely mainly on upstream parameters due to a lack of robust parameters effectively representing them. Our findings provide important insights for future modeling efforts, highlighting the distinct interactions between substorms and ionospheric currents across different hemispheric regions.
The Elusive Role of Aseismic Slip Along a Seaward Dipping Normal Fault in the Indirect Triggering of a Normal Faulting Earthquake Sequence in Northeast Japan Following the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Megathrust
Authors: Magen Yohai , Inbal Asaf , Ziv Alon , Baer Gidon , Bürgmann Roland , Periollat Axel , Sagiya Takeshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough blind normal faults are common in subduction environments, their rheology, kinematics and interaction with the upper crust are poorly constrained. A month‐long shallow normal faulting sequence in the Ibaraki‐Fukushima prefectural border (IFPB), northeast Japan, which followed the Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake (TOE) and culminated in the Mw6.7 Iwaki earthquake, provides a window into megathrust‐to‐normal fault interaction. Stress change calculations indicate that direct triggering by the TOE co‐ and post‐seismic slip does not provide a plausible explanation for the IFPB earthquake sequence. In quest for an alternative triggering mechanism, we analyzed post‐TOE GNSS data from eastern IFPB. A key step in this analysis is the removal of the large‐scale post‐TOE displacement field, after which a distinct highly‐localized strain along the coastline becomes apparent. The accumulation of this strain was mostly aseismic, and migrated with time prior to the Iwaki earthquake in a manner that correlates well with post‐TOE local seismicity. We attribute the pre‐Iwaki earthquake strain accumulation to aseismic slip along low‐angle seaward dipping blind normal fault, activated by the TOE. Stresses transferred by this slip episode accelerated the failure along the IFPB shallow normal faults. This indirect triggering of the Iwaki earthquake sequence by the TOE highlights the complexity of stress transfers in subduction environments.
Compaction and Permeability Evolution of Tuffs From Krafla Volcano (Iceland)
Authors: Heap Michael J. , Bayramov Kamal , Meyer Gabriel G. , Violay Marie E. S. , Reuschlé Thierry , Baud Patrick , Gilg H. Albert , Harnett Claire E. , Kushnir Alexandra R. L. , Lazari Francesco , Mortensen Anette K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPressure and stress perturbations associated with volcanic activity and geothermal production can modify the porosity and permeability of volcanic rock, influencing hydrothermal convection, the distribution of pore fluids and pressures, and the ease of magma outgassing. However, porosity and permeability data for volcanic rock as a function of pressure and stress are rare. We focus here on three porous tuffs from Krafla volcano (Iceland). Triaxial deformation experiments showed that, despite their very similar porosities, the mechanical behavior of the three tuffs differs. Tuffs with a greater abundance of phyllosilicates and zeolites require lower stresses for inelastic behavior. Under hydrostatic conditions, porosity and permeability decrease as a function of increasing effective pressure, with larger decreases measured at pressures above that required for cataclastic pore collapse. During differential loading in the ductile regime, permeability evolution depends on initial microstructure, particularly the initial void space tortuosity. Cataclastic pore collapse can disrupt the low‐tortuosity porosity structure of high‐permeability tuffs, reducing permeability, but does not particularly influence the already tortuous porosity structure of low‐permeability tuffs, for which permeability can even increase. Increases in permeability during compaction, not observed for other porous rocks, are interpreted as a result of a decrease in void space tortuosity as microcracks surrounding collapsed pores connect adjacent pores. Our data underscore the importance of initial microstructure on permeability evolution in volcanic rock. Our data can be used to better understand and model fluid flow at geothermal reservoirs and volcanoes, important to optimize geothermal exploitation and understand and mitigate volcanic hazards.