bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation induces neuro-lymphatic protein expression in multiple sclerosis brain neurovasculature
Authors: Chaitanya Ganta Vijay , Omura Seiichi , Sato Fumitaka , Martinez Nicholas E , Minagar Alireza , Ramanathan Murali , Guttman Bianca Weinstock , Zivadinov Robert , Tsunoda Ikuo , Alexander Jonathan S 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with ectopic lymphoid follicle formation. Podoplanin+(lymphatic marker) T helper17 (Th17) cells and B cell aggregates have been implicated in the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Since podoplanin expressed by Th17 cells in MS brains is also expressed by lymphatic endothelium, we investigated whether the pathophysiology of MS involves inductions of lymphatic proteins in the inflamed neurovasculature.MethodsWe assessed the protein levels of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor and podoplanin, which are specific to the lymphatic system and prospero-homeobox protein-1, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor-D, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, which are expressed by both lymphatic endothelium and neurons. Levels of these proteins were measured in postmortem brains and sera from MS patients, in the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced EAE and Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) mouse models and in cell culture models of inflamed neurovasculature.Results and conclusionsIntense staining for LYVE-1 was found in neurons of a subset of MS patients using immunohistochemical approaches. The lymphatic protein, podoplanin, was highly expressed in perivascular inflammatory lesions indicating signaling cross-talks between inflamed brain vasculature and lymphatic proteins in MS. The profiles of these proteins in MS patient sera discriminated between relapsing remitting MS from secondary progressive MS and normal patients. Thein vivofindings were confirmed in thein vitrocell culture models of neuroinflammation.
Estimating the contribution of the gut to plasma viral load in early SIV infection
Authors: Petravic Janka , Vanderford Thomas H , Silvestri Guido , Davenport Miles 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
There is significant debate about whether the gut plays a major role in viral replication and pathology in HIV infection. Here we aimed to estimate the contribution of the gut to the total virus observed in plasma, by comparing the frequency of different viral mutants in plasma and gut in SIV infection.

Results
We found that the maximum contribution of gut to plasma viral load estimated from rectal biopsy at day 28 post-infection had a median of 10%. The estimated values for individual animals ranged from nearly 100% to <3% in 4/14 animals. Importantly, these are maximum estimates, so that a value of 90%, for example, means that the real contribution may be anything between 0 and 90%, just not higher than 90%.
We also studied the contribution of gut at the peak of plasma viral load (day 14). However, since there was very little escape in most animals at this time point, we could only estimate the maximal contribution of gut in 4 animals, in two of which it was <15%.

Conclusions
The role of the gut in HIV is a controversial area, with many suggesting that it plays a dominant role in driving early infection. Our analysis suggests that, at least by day 28 post-infection, the gut is not contributing greatly to the plasma viral load.
Phase II clinical trial of whole-brain irradiation plus three-dimensional conformal boost with concurrent topotecan for brain metastases from lung cancer
Authors: Ge Xiao-hui , Lin Qiang , Ren Xiao-cang , Liu Yue-e , Chen Xue-ji , Wang Dong-ying , Wang Yong-qiang , Cao Bin , Li Zhi-gang , Liu Miao-ling 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Patients with brain metastases from lung cancer have poor prognoses and short survival time, and they are often excluded from clinical trials. Whole-cranial irradiation is considered to be the standard treatment, but its efficacy is not satisfactory. The purpose of this phase II clinical trial was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and safety of the treatment of whole-brain irradiation plus three-dimensional conformal boost combined with concurrent topotecan for the patients with brain metastases from lung cancer.

Methods
Patients with brain metastasis from lung cancer received concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy: conventional fractionated whole-brain irradiation, 2 fields/time, 1 fraction/day, 2 Gy/fraction, 5 times/week, and DT 40 Gy/20 fractions; for the patients with ≤ 3 lesions with diameter ≥ 2 cm, a three-dimensional (3-D) conformal localised boost was given to increase the dosage to 56–60 Gy; and during radiotherapy, concurrent chemotherapy with topotecan was given (the chemoradiotherapy group, CRT). The patients with brain metastasis from lung cancer during the same period who received radiotherapy only were selected as the controls (the radiotherapy-alone group, RT).

Results
From March 2009 to March 2012, both 38 patients were enrolled into two groups. The median progression-free survival(PFS) time , the 1- and 2-year PFS rates of CRT group and RT group were 6 months, 42.8%, 21.6% and 3 months, 11.6%, 8.7% (χ2 = 6.02, p = 0.014), respectively. The 1- and 2-year intracranial lesion control rates of CRT and RT were 75.9% , 65.2% and 41.6% , 31.2% (χ2 = 3.892, p = 0.049), respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates (OS) of CRT and RT were 50.8% , 37.9% and 40.4% , 16.5% (χ2 = 1.811, p = 0.178), respectively. The major side effects were myelosuppression and digestive toxicities, but no differences were observed between the two groups.

Conclusion
Compared with radiotherapy alone, whole-brain irradiation plus 3-D conformal boost irradiation and concurrent topotecan chemotherapy significantly improved the PFS rate and the intracranial lesion control rate of patients with brain metastases from lung cancer, and no significant increases in side effects were observed. Based on these results, this treatment method is recommended for phase III clinical trial.
New insights into pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: the French RespiRare® cohort
Authors: Taytard Jessica , Nathan Nadia , de Blic Jacques , Fayon Mickael , Epaud Ralph , Deschildre Antoine , Troussier Françoise , Lubrano Marc , Chiron Raphaël , Reix Philippe , Cros Pierrick , Mahloul Malika , Michon Delphine , Clement Annick , Corvol Harriet ,   for the French RespiRare® group
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare cause of alveolar hemorrhage in children and its pathophysiology remains obscure. Classically, diagnosis is based on a triad including hemoptysis, diffuse parenchymal infiltrates on chest X-rays, and iron-deficiency anemia. We present the French pediatric cohort of IPH collected through the French Reference Center for Rare Lung Diseases (RespiRare®,http://www.respirare.fr).MethodsSince 2008, a national network/web-linked RespiRare® database has been set up in 12 French pediatric respiratory centres. It is structured as a medical recording tool with extended disease-specific datasets containing clinical information relevant to all forms of rare lung diseases including IPH.ResultsWe identified 25 reported cases of IPH in children from the database (20 females and 5 males). Among them, 5 presented with Down syndrome. Upon diagnosis, median age was 4.3 [0.8-14.0] yrs, and the main manifestations were: dyspnea (n = 17, 68%), anemia (n = 16, 64%), cough (n = 12, 48%), febrile pneumonia (n = 11, 44%) and hemoptysis (n = 11, 44%). Half of the patients demonstrated diffuse parenchymal infiltrates on chest imaging, and diagnosis was ascertained either by broncho-alveolar lavage indicating the presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages (19/25 cases), or lung biopsy (6/25). In screened patients, initial auto-immune screening revealed positive antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) (n = 6, 40%), antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (n = 5, 45%) and specific coeliac disease antibodies (n = 4, 28%). All the patients were initially treated by corticosteroids. In 13 cases, immunosuppressants were introduced due to corticoresistance and/or major side effects. Median length of follow-up was 5.5 yrs, with a satisfactory respiratory outcome in 23/25 patients. One patient developed severe pulmonary fibrosis, and another with Down syndrome died as a result of severe pulmonary hemorrhage.ConclusionThe present cohort provides substantial information on clinical expression and outcomes of pediatric IPH. Analysis of potential contributors supports a role of auto-immunity in disease development and highlights the importance of genetic factors.
Number of glioma polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) associated with vasculogenic mimicry formation and tumor grade in human glioma
Authors: Qu Yang , Zhang Li , Rong Zhe , He Tao , Zhang Sai 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) contribute to solid tumor heterogeneity. This study investigated the relationships among PGCCs numbers, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, and tumor grades in glioma.

Methods
A total of 76 paraffin-embedded glioma tissue samples, including 28 cases of low grade and 48 cases of high grade gliomas, were performed with H&E and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 and hemoglobin. The size of PGCCs nuclei was measured by a micrometer using H&E section and defined as at least three times larger than the nuclei of regular diploid cancer cells. The number of PGCCs and different blood supply patterns were compared in different grade gliomas. Microcirculation patterns in tumors were assessed using CD31 immunohistochemical and PAS histochemical double staining. Human glioma cancer cell line C6 was injected into the chicken embryonating eggs to form xenografts, which was used to observe the PGCCs and microcirculation patterns.

Results
In human glioma, the number of PGCCs increased with the grade of tumors (χ
2 = 4.781, P = 0.015). There were three kinds of microcirculation pattern in human glioma including VM, mosaic vessel (MV) and endothelium dependent vessel. PGCCs were able to generate erythrocytes via budding to form VM. The walls of VM were positive (or negative) for PAS staining and negative for CD31 staining. There were more VM and MVs in high grade gliomas than those in low grade gliomas. The differences have statistical significances for VM (t = 3.745, P = 0.000) and MVs (t = 4.789, P = 0.000). PGCCs, VM and MVs can also be observed in C6 chicken embryonating eggs xenografts.

Conclusions
The data demonstrated presence of PGCCs, VM and MVs in glioma and PGCCs generating erythrocytes contribute the formation of VM and MVs.
The interplay between inflammation, physical activity and metabolic syndrome in a remote male geriatric community in Southern Taiwan: the Tianliao Old People (TOP) study 03
Authors: Chang Chia-Ling , Lee Po-Tseng , Chang Wei-Ting , Chang Chin-Sung , Chen Jyh-Hong , Tsai Liang-Miin , Wu Chih-Hsing , Liu Ping-Yen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundBoth physical activity and inflammation are important in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our study aim is to explore their associations in an elderly male (≥ 65 years old) cohort.MethodsWe enrolled 309 elderly male residents (mean age: 74.4 ± 6.0 years) in a remote southern Taiwan community. The physical activity was recorded by a standard questionnaire. A high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level > 3.0 mg/L indicated a high inflammatory status.ResultsThe total prevalence rate of MetS was 27.8% in this male geriatric cohort. Median hsCRP levels were significantly higher in the MetS group (1.60 ± 0.7 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mg/L,p < 0.01), and the risk of elevated hsCRP increased with escalating MetS components (pfor trend < 0.001). The non-MetS group had higher amount of median weekly physical activity (183.1 ± 19.0 vs. 173.5 ± 10.6 MET-hr/week,p = 0.029), which was also higher among those with lower hsCRP levels (186.1 ± 14.1 vs. 167.8 ± 38.5 MET-hr/week,p = 0.013). Multivariate analysis showed that higher body mass index (ORs: 1.527, 95% CI: 1.319-1.768,p < 0.01) insulin (OR: 1.128, 95% CI: 1.045-1.218,p < 0.01) and physical activity (ORs: 0.997, 95% IC: 0.994-0.999,p < 0.05) were independent predictors of MetS, but not hsCRP level (p > 0.05).ConclusionsReduced physical activity was one major pathophysiological MetS factor in our Asian geriatric participants.
NMR studies of a Glutaredoxin 2 from Clostridium oremlandii
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Cheong Hae-Kap , Kim Hye-Yeon 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Grx2 is a glutaredoxin from gram positive bacterium Clostridium oremlandii (strain OhILAs), which is Cys-homolog of selenoprotein Grx1. Grx2 is a poor reductant of selenoprotein MsrA not like Grx1 while the reducing activity is reversed in two Grxs for Cys version of MsrA.

Methods
The wild-type Grx2 and the C15S mutant were overexpressed in E.coli and purified by affinity chromathography and gel filtration. The 3D NMR spectra was collected and assigned all the backbone chemical shifts including Cα, Cβ, CΟ, HN, and N of Grx2 and C15S mutant. The protein folding of two proteins were evaluated by circular dichroism.

Results
Here we report the protein purification and NMR spectroscopic study of recombinant Grx2 and the C15S mutant. The HSQC spectrum of two proteins show chemical shift difference for residues 8-19, 52-55,66. The circular dichroism result shows that recombinant proteins are well folded.

Conclusion
The conformation of two proteins resembles the oxidized form (wild-type Grx2) and the reduced form (the C15S mutant). The residues showing chemical shift difference will join the conformational change of Grx2 upon a disulfide formation.
Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Authors: Hong Yeonhee , Park Edmond Changkyun , Shin Eun-Young , Kwon Sang-Oh , Oh Young-Taek , Choi Byung-Ock , Kim Giwon , Kim Gun-Hwa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) is a type of glioma that is believed to originate from oligodendrocytes in the brain or from glial precursor cells. Recurrence of AO reduces the overall survival rate of patients and causes meningeal or even systemic spread/metastasis more frequently than other types of gliomas. We performed proteomic analysis of recurrent AO tumors to identify the proteins significantly expressed in recurrent AO and to understand biological characteristics of recurrent AO.FindingsUsing human brain tissues, we identified 401 proteins that were significantly expressed in recurrent AO. Through bioinformatic analysis, we determined that the majority of the identified proteins are involved in anti-apoptotic pathway and cell proliferation. In addition, our findings suggest that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling may be responsible for the development of recurrent AO.ConclusionsThese results will aid researchers in understanding the pathology of recurrent AO and identifying the therapeutic targets for the treatment of recurrent AO.
Cerebellar Aspergillosis in an Infant: Case Report
Authors: Mohindra Sandeep , Gupta Rahul , Mohindra Satyawati , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Vaiphei Kim 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
Intracranial aspergillosis is occasionally seen among immunocompromised patients, the incidence increasing in consequence to large-scale use of chemotherapy against malignancies and immunosuppression after organ transplantation. Immunocompetent patients harboring invasive intracranial fungal infections still remain an elusive diagnosis.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 7-month-old immunocompetent infant who developed and harbored cerebellar aspergillosis until 3 years of age is reported.

INTERVENTION:
Radical surgical resection of posterior fossa mass (aspergilloma) and parenteral administration of Amphotericin B led to a successful outcome.

CONCLUSION:
The differential diagnosis at both stages of presentation and the possible mode of infection are discussed according to the radiological images. Preoperative diagnosis on the basis of imaging is difficult. The pathogenesis of such an infection remains uncertain. Parenteral Amphotericin B, followed by prolonged itraconazole therapy, remains the “gold standard” modality for central nervous system fungal infections in adjunct to aggressive surgical debridement.
Magnetic Force-Based Microarray Chips on Soda Lime Glass Prepared by Plating Method for Medical Application
Authors: Arakawa Tomiyuki , Watanabe Nobuaki , Takeda Hiroshi , Haijima Yuki , Takanashi Hiroshi , Obata Tsutomu , Koiwa Ichiro 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In medicine, microarray chips are desired in order to improve personal medicine. In this paper, we propose a fabrication method for microarray chips using electroplated soft magnetic films on glass substrates using a simple process. Electroless plated Ni–P films were formed on soda lime glass as conductive substrates and were subsequently annealed at 150 °C for 30 min to improve adhesion strength between the films and glass substrates. Microspot array photoresists were patterned on the Ni–P films by photolithography. Co–Ni–Fe alloy films were then electroplated and finely the photoresist removed. As determined by electron probe microanalysis, the Co–Ni–Fe films were composed of 15–74 atom % Co, 12–72 atom % Fe, and 1.6–24 atom % Ni under several plating bath compositions. Vibrating sample magnetometry showed saturation magnetic flux density of 1400–2200 emu cm−3, residual magnetic flux density of 1100–1600 emu cm−3 and coercive force of 90–100 Oe on the Co–Ni–Fe films. A microspot array prepared by electroplated Co–Ni–Fe soft magnetic films/electroless plated Ni–P films on soda lime glass with simple patterning successfully trapped pseudo B-lymphocytes conjugated with magnetic beads.
Quantum Mechanical Theory of Electrochemical Kinetics: Analysis by Electron Transfer Distance and Transition Probability
Authors: Sakata Tadayoshi , Azuma Masashi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Quantum mechanical theory of electrochemical kinetics based on Fermi’s golden rule was formulated by introducing the concept of electron-transfer distance. The expressions for the exchange current density and standard rate constant in electrochemistry were derived in analytical form, as well as exponential current overpotential dependence. The theory corresponds well to the electrode kinetics based on the transition state theory that is familiar at present with many electrochemists. It was applied to various kinds of electrode reactions to analyze the standard rate constants and the exchange current densities reported in past literature. The evaluated magnitudes of the electron exchange energy were very small, being in the order of 10−3–10−5 eV. This theory supports the ordinary electron-transfer mechanism due to the overlap of wave functions between the electrode and redox species, denying tunneling mechanism.
Synthesis and Solvatochromic Behavior of Pyrene Derivatives with 4-Hydroxyphenyl and 4-Hydroxyphenylethynyl Groups
Authors: Yamaguchi Isao , Sato Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)pyrene (PyrPhOMe(1)), 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrene (PyrPhOMe(4)), 1-(4-methoxyphenylethynyl)pyrene (PyrC≡CPhOMe(1)), 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenylethynyl)pyrene (PyrC≡CPhOMe(4)), 1-(4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)pyrene (PyrC≡CPhOH(1)), and 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenylethynyl)pyrene (PyrC≡CPhOH(4)) were synthesized via organometallic complex catalysis. Deprotection of the methoxy groups of PyrPhOMe(1) and PyrPhOMe(4) was conducted by treatment with BBr3. Deprotonation of the OH groups of PyrPhOH(1), PyrPhOH(4), PyrC≡CPhOH(1), and PyrC≡CPhOH(4) through treatment with NaH caused a bathochromic shift in the absorption and photoluminescence (PL) peaks. The bathochromic shift of the deprotonated species increased with the donor number (DN) of the solvents. These observations can be explained as the consequence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the ONa groups to the pyrene core.
Gut neuroendocrine tumor blood qPCR fingerprint assay: characteristics and reproducibility
Authors: Modlin Irvin M. , Drozdov Ignat , Kidd Mark 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background: We have developed a PCR-based tool that measures a 51-gene panel for identification of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in peripheral blood. This manuscript assesses the robustness (performance metrics) of this tool with a specific focus on the effects of individual parameters including collection, storage, acid suppressive medication [proton pump inhibitor (PPI)], age, sex, race and food on accuracy.

Methods: Performance metrics were evaluated using a gold standard (mRNA derived from three individual human neuroendocrine tumor cell lines) and clinical samples using qPCR.

Results: One hundred percent of the 51 transcripts were amplified in the gold standard (NEN cell line-derived mRNA) (CQ<35, average efficiency 1.94). The inter- and intra-assay variations were 1%–2%. In clinical samples, 50 of 51 targets (98%) were amplified. The inter- and intra-assay reproducibility ranged between 0.4% and 1.2%. The coefficient of variation (CV) was 5.3%. Expression of the reference gene, ALG9, was robust [low variation, low M-value, high (99.5%) PCR efficiency] and unaffected by sample processing. Test meals, long-term PPI use (>1 year), age, sex and ethnicity had no effect on the signature. Expression of two genes, ALP2 and CD59 correlated strongly with RNA integrity (R=0.72, p<0.001) and could be used to assess storage and processing.

Conclusions: The 51 marker gene signature was robust and reproducible, exhibiting acceptable inter- and intra-assay metrics (<5%). Feeding, PPI intake, age, sex and ethnicity do not affect the signature. Expression levels of APLP2 and CD59 are effective surrogate markers of proper sample collection and processing.
The role of oxidative stress during inflammatory processes
Authors: Lugrin Jérôme , Rosenblatt-Velin Nathalie , Parapanov Roumen , Liaudet Lucas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe production of various reactive oxidant species in excess of endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms promotes the development of a state of oxidative stress, with significant biological consequences. In recent years, evidence has emerged that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development and perpetuation of inflammation, and thus contributes to the pathophysiology of a number of debilitating illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative processes. Oxidants affect all stages of the inflammatory response, including the release by damaged tissues of molecules acting as endogenous danger signals, their sensing by innate immune receptors from the Toll-like (TLRs) and the NOD-like (NLRs) families, and the activation of signaling pathways initiating the adaptive cellular response to such signals. In this article, after summarizing the basic aspects of redox biology and inflammation, we review in detail the current knowledge on the fundamental connections between oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, with a special emphasis on the danger molecule high-mobility group box-1, the TLRs, the NLRP-3 receptor, and the inflammasome, as well as the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB.