bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental, analytical and numerical analysis of the pullout behaviour of steel fibres considering different fibre types, inclinations and concrete strengths
Authors: Breitenbücher Rolf , Meschke Günther , Song Fanbing , Zhan Yijian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe pullout behaviour of single steel fibres embedded in a concrete matrix is investigated for various configurations of fibre types and embedment lengths and angles by means of laboratory tests and analytical models. Laboratory tests for fibre pullout are performed to investigate the fibre‐matrix bond mechanisms. Parameters influencing the fibre pullout response, such as fibre shape, fibre tensile strength, concrete strength and fibre inclination angle are systematically studied. The effects of these parameters on the pullout force versus displacement relationship, fibre efficiency and fibre/matrix failure response are analysed based on the experimental results. For the analytical modelling of the fibre pullout behaviour of straight fibres, an interface law is proposed for the frictional behaviour between fibre and matrix. In the case of inclined fibres, the plastic deformation of the fibre and the local damage to the concrete are also considered. For hooked‐end fibres, the anchorage effect due to the hook is analysed. Combining these sub‐models allows the pullout response of single fibres embedded in a concrete matrix to be predicted. In addition, numerical simulations of pullout tests are performed to obtain insights into the local fibre‐concrete interactions and to provide supporting information for the analytical modelling. The models are successfully validated with the experimental results.
Cougar population status and range expansion in Alberta during 1991–2010
Authors: Knopff Kyle H. , Webb Nathan F. , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn Alberta, Canada, number of cougar (Puma concolor) mortalities caused by humans has increased rapidly over the past 2 decades. Management agencies sometimes use human‐caused mortalities as an index of cougar population trend, which would indicate an increasing cougar population in Alberta, but mortalities may be decoupled from cougar numbers. Some authors suggest that higher human‐caused cougar mortalities (primarily due to sport hunting) are causing cougar populations in North America to decline. We used the distribution of human‐caused cougar mortalities in Alberta to evaluate change in cougar populations during 1991–2010, a period over which human‐caused cougar mortality increased rapidly. We provide evidence that cougars have expanded their range in northern and eastern Alberta in tandem with increasing sport hunting and other sources of human‐caused mortality. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Molybdenum(0) and Tungsten(0) Complexes with P,S and P,Se Monooxidized Bis(phosphanyl)amine Ligands
Authors: Al‐Masri Harbi Tomah , Moussa Ziad , Fazal Atif , Fettouhi Mohammed 
Published: November 2013

AbstractReactions of monooxidized thioyl and selenoyl bis(phosphanyl)amine ligands C10H7‐1‐N(P(E)Ph2)(PPh2) [E = S (1), Se (2)] with Mo(CO)4(pip)2 and W(CO)4(cod) afforded the complexes [M(CO)4{1‐κ2P,S}] [M = Mo (3), W (4)] and [M(CO)4{2‐κ2P,Se}] [M = Mo (5), W (6)]. Complexes 3–6 were characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 31P, and 77Se NMR) and IR spectroscopy. Crystal‐structure determinations were carried out on 3, 5, and 6, which represent the first examples of structurally characterized complexes of such ligands with group‐6 metal carbonyls.
The Effects of the Organic Groups Attached at the Silicone Atoms of the Organosilane‐Based Gemini Nonionic Surfactants on Their Surface Activities
Authors: Xing Fenglan , Gao Yueyue , Xu Qun , Li Xu , Wang Liyan , Meng Jie , Wang Pinglang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel trisiloxane gemini nonionic surfactant was synthesized by the reaction of 3‐(diethoxy(methyl)silyl)propan‐1‐amine with hexamethyldisiloxane to get 3‐(trisiloxane)propan‐1‐amine, which was further reacted with glutaroyl dichloride to form the surfactant molecule, N1,N5‐bis(3‐(trisiloxane)propyl)glutaramide (3). Some related compounds were also prepared, including N1,N5‐bis (3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl) glutaramide (1), and N1,N5‐bis(3‐(diethoxy(methyl)silyl)propyl)glutaramide (2). All prepared compounds were analyzed by IR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR to confirm their structures. Their interfacial activities, including surface tension and wetting ability, were measured. These surface activities were compared each other and a discussion was carried out on how the organic groups attached on the silicone atoms affect their surface tension and wetting ability. To explain the superior surface activities of the molecules 3, a hypothesis was proposed about a cyclic hydrophobic core area that could be formed by the two hydrophobic chains and the linker of the gemini molecule due to the dispersion force (Van der Waals force) between the two trisiloxane moieties, which close the hydrophobic cycle inside the molecule.
A generalized mathematical model of geostrophic adjustment and frontogenesis: uniform potential vorticity
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , Taylor J. R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFronts, or regions with strong horizontal density gradients, are ubiquitous and dynamically important features in the ocean and atmosphere. In the atmosphere, fronts are associated with some of the most severe weather events, while in the ocean, fronts are associated with enhanced turbulence, water mass transformation and biological activity. Here, we examine the dynamics involved in the formation of fronts, or frontogenesis, in detail using a generalized mathematical framework. This extends previous work which has generally revolved around two limiting cases: fronts generated through forcing due to a convergent large-scale flow, and fronts generated spontaneously during the geostrophic adjustment of an initially unbalanced flow. Here, we introduce a new generalized momentum coordinate to simultaneously describe forced and spontaneous frontogenesis. The nonlinear, inviscid, Boussinesq, hydrostatic governing equations for uniform PV flow are solved for arbitrary Rossby and Froude number. The solution is then examined in three distinct cases. Firstly, for a zero potential vorticity (PV) flow bounded by rigid lids, a general solution is derived for the transient response of the fluid to an arbitrary initial mass imbalance and deformation field. The deformation frontogenesis solution of Hoskins & Bretherton (J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 29, 1972, pp. 11–37) and the mass imbalance solution of Blumen (J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 30, 2000, pp. 31–39) emerge as two limits of this general solution. Secondly, the problem of geostrophic adjustment of an initial mass imbalance (no deformation field) is considered for uniform PV flow bounded by rigid lids. The general solution is derived, composed of an adjusted state and a transient component describing the propagation of inertia–gravity waves. The criteria for the occurrence of a frontal discontinuity is determined in terms of the Rossby and Froude numbers. The uniform PV solution reduces identically to the zero PV solution of Blumen in the limit of vanishing background stratification. Thirdly, we examine the more general case of uniform PV flow with a deformation field and either balanced or unbalanced initial conditions. In this case the solution is composed of a time-varying mean state – matching the Hoskins & Bretherton solution in the limit of small strain – and an inertia gravity wave field, the dynamics of which are examined in detail. Our analysis provides a unifying framework capable of describing frontal formation and geostrophic adjustment in a wide variety of settings.
Array CGH as a first-tier test for neonates with congenital heart disease
Authors: Bachman Kristine K. , DeWard Stephanie J. , Chrysostomou Constantinos , Munoz Ricardo , Madan-Khetarpal Suneeta 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveEfficient diagnosis of an underlying genetic aetiology in a patient with congenital heart disease is essential to optimising clinical care. Copy number variants are one aetiology of congenital heart disease; the majority are identifiable by targeted fluorescence in situ hybridisation or array comparative genomic hybridisation, not by classical cytogenetic analysis. This study assessed the utility of array comparative genomic hybridisation as a first-tier diagnostic test for neonates with congenital heart disease.Study designA prospective chart review of neonates with congenital heart disease in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC was performed. Patients were tested by array comparative genomic hybridisation and classical cytogenetic analysis simultaneously. Data collected included all chromosome abnormalities detected, physical examination findings, and imaging results. McNemar’s test was used to compare detection of array comparative genomic hybridisation and classical cytogenetic analysis.ResultsOf 45 patients, three (6.7%) had an abnormality detected by classical cytogenetic analysis and an additional 10 (22.2%) had a copy number variant detected by array comparative genomic hybridisation, highlighting an increased detection rate (p=0.008). Several of these copy number variants had unclear clinical significance, requiring additional investigation. The prevalence of dysmorphology and/or comorbidity in this population was 72%. Identification of dysmorphic features was greater when assessed by a geneticist than by providers of different subspecialties.ConclusionsArray comparative genomic hybridisation has significant clinical utility as a first-tier test in this population, but it carries the potential for incidental findings and results of uncertain clinical significance. Collaboration between cardiologists and medical geneticists is essential to providing optimal clinical care.
Environmental influences on fruit and vegetable intake: results from a path analytic model
Authors: Liese Angela D , Bell Bethany A , Barnes Timothy L , Colabianchi Natalie , Hibbert James D , Blake Christine E , Freedman Darcy A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveFruit and vegetable (F&V) intake is influenced by behavioural and environmental factors, but these have rarely been assessed simultaneously. We aimed to quantify the relative influence of supermarket availability, perceptions of the food environment and shopping behaviour on F&V intake.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingEight counties in South Carolina, USA, with verified locations of all supermarkets.SubjectsA telephone survey of 831 household food shoppers ascertained F&V intake with a seventeen-item screener, primary food store location, shopping frequency and perceptions of healthy food availability, and supermarket availability was calculated with a geographic information system. Path analysis was conducted. We report standardized beta coefficients on paths significant at the 0·05 level.ResultsFrequency of grocery shopping at primary food store (β = 0·11) was the only factor exerting an independent, statistically significant direct effect on F&V intake. Supermarket availability was significantly associated with distance to utilized food store (β = −0·24) and shopping frequency (β = 0·10). Increased supermarket availability was significantly and positively related to perceived healthy food availability in the neighbourhood (β = 0·18) and ease of shopping access (β = 0·09). Collectively considering all model paths linked to perceived availability of healthy foods, this measure was the only other factor to have a significant total effect on F&V intake.ConclusionsWhile the majority of the literature to date has suggested an independent and important role of supermarket availability for F&V intake, our study found only indirect effects of supermarket availability and suggests that food shopping frequency and perceptions of healthy food availability are two integral components of a network of influences on F&V intake.
Adherence to the Dutch Guidelines for a Healthy Diet and cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Netherlands (EPIC-NL) cohort
Authors: Struijk Ellen A , May Anne M , Beulens Joline WJ , Fransen Heidi P , de Wit G Ardine , Boer Jolanda MA , Onland-Moret N Charlotte , Hoekstra Jeljer , van der Schouw Yvonne T , Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas , Peeters Petra HM 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between adherence to the Dutch Guidelines for a Healthy Diet created by the Dutch Health Council in 2006 and overall and smoking-related cancer incidence.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAdherence to the guidelines, which includes one recommendation on physical activity and nine on diet, was measured using an adapted version of the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) index. The score ranged from 0 to 90 with a higher score indicating greater adherence to the guidelines. We estimated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals for the association between the DHD index (in tertiles and per 20-point increment) at baseline and cancer incidence at follow-up.SubjectsWe studied 35 608 men and women aged 20–70 years recruited into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Netherlands (EPIC-NL) study during 1993–1997.ResultsAfter an average follow-up of 12·7 years, 3027 cancer cases were documented. We found no significant association between the DHD index (tertile 3v. tertile 1) and overall (HR = 0·97; 95 % CI 0·88, 1·07) and smoking-related cancer incidence (HR = 0·89; 95 % CI 0·76, 1·06) after adjustment for relevant confounders. Excluding the components physical activity or alcohol from the score did not change the results. None of the individual components of the DHD index was significantly associated with cancer incidence.ConclusionsIn the present study, participants with a high adherence to the Dutch Guidelines for a Healthy Diet were not at lower risk of overall or smoking-related cancer. This does not exclude that other components not included in the DHD index may be associated with overall cancer risk.
The importance of stakeholder engagement in the corporate responsibility to respect human rights
Authors: Dubach Barbara , Machado Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOver the past forty years, there has been a steady rise in the expectation for companies to operate as responsible citizens. Today companies have at their disposal a variety of initiatives, and new levels of accountability have been reached with the advancement of international standards on, among others, corporate responsibility to respect human rights. Against this background, this article provides an overview of the most important guiding tools available on this subject and on how to promote peace and stability when operating in conflict-affected or high-risk areas. The article argues that ongoing stakeholder engagement is a key success factor in meeting the responsibility to respect human rights and that it has to be an integral part of a company's strategy, especially when operating in conflict-affected countries.
The Retraction Penalty: Evidence from the Web of Science
Authors: Lu Susan Feng , Jin Ginger Zhe , Uzzi Brian , Jones Benjamin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractScientific articles are retracted at increasing rates, with the highest rates among top journals. Here we show that a single retraction triggers citation losses through an author's prior body of work. Compared to closely-matched control papers, citations fall by an average of 6.9% per year for each prior publication. These chain reactions are sustained on authors' papers (a) published up to a decade earlier and (b) connected within the authors' own citation network by up to 4 degrees of separation from the retracted publication. Importantly, however, citation losses among prior work disappear when authors self-report the error. Our analyses and results span the range of scientific disciplines.
Early Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Polytrauma Patients with Spine Injuries: A Level 1 Trauma Center Study
Authors: Tee J. W. , Chan C. H. P. , Gruen R. L. , Fitzgerald M. C. B. , Liew S. M. , Cameron P. A. , Rosenfeld J. V. 
Published: November 2013

Study Design Retrospective review on clinical-quality trauma registry prospective data. Objective To identify early predictors of suboptimal health status in polytrauma patients with spine injuries. Methods A retrospective review on a prospective cohort was performed on spine-injured polytrauma patients with successful discharge from May 2009 to January 2011. The Short Form 12-Questionnaire Health Survey (SF-12) was used in the health status assessment of these patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to investigate the effects of the Injury Severity Score, age, blood sugar level, vital signs, brain trauma severity, comorbidities, coagulation profile, spine trauma-related neurologic status, and spine injury characteristics of the patients. Results The SF-12 had a 52.3% completion rate from 915 patients. The patients who completed the SF-12 were younger, and there were fewer patients with severe spinal cord injuries (American Spinal Injury Association classifications A, B, and C). Other comparison parameters were satisfactorily matched. Multivariate logistic regression revealed five early predictive factors with statistical significance ( p ≤ 0.05). They were (1) tachycardia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; confidence interval [CI] = 1.11 to 3.19), (2) hyperglycemia (OR = 2.65; CI = 1.51 to 4.65), (3) multiple chronic comorbidities (OR = 2.98; CI = 1.68 to 5.26), and (4) thoracic spine injuries (OR = 1.54; CI = 1.01 to 2.37). There were no independent early predictive factors identified for suboptimal mental health-related qualify of life outcomes. Conclusion Early independent risk factors predictive of suboptimal physical health status identified in a level 1 trauma center in polytrauma patients with spine injuries were tachycardia, hyperglycemia, multiple chronic medical comorbidities, and thoracic spine injuries. Early spine trauma risk factors were shown not to predict suboptimal mental health status outcomes.
Syntaxin binding mechanism and disease-causing mutations in Munc18-2
Authors: Hackmann Yvonne , Graham Stephen C. , Ehl Stephan , Höning Stefan , Lehmberg Kai , Aricò Maurizio , Owen David J. , Griffiths Gillian M. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that control secretion from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells is the key for understanding how these cells destroy virally infected and tumourigenic cells. Precisely how mutations in Munc18-2 and syntaxin 11 (Stx11) give rise to loss of CTL and NK function and severe immunodeficiency is poorly understood. In this study we present a crystal structure of human Munc18-2 and analyze the disease-causing mutations. Our findings reveal a mechanism that allows Munc18-2 to selectively bind Stx11 and identify potential surrogate binding partners, which could restore Munc18-Stx function upon IL-2 activation.
Recruitment of TLR adapter TRIF to TLR4 signaling complex is mediated by the second helical region of TRIF TIR domain
Authors: Piao Wenji , Ru Lisa W. , Piepenbrink Kurt H. , Sundberg Eric J. , Vogel Stefanie N. , Toshchakov Vladimir Y. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceThis study sheds light on the mechanisms of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling complex assembly. Particularly, the interaction site that mediates Toll/IL-1R resistance (TIR) domain–containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) recruitment to the TLR4 signaling complex is identified within the second helical region of the TRIF TIR domain. This finding is significant because “a mimic” of this site potently inhibits TLR4 signaling in cells by a competitive mechanism and decreases LPS-induced mortality in mice by more than 80%.
Integrating multiple resources to identify specific transcriptional cooperativity with a Bayesian approach
Authors: Hu Pengzhan , Shen Zhongchao , Tu Haibo , Zhang Li , Shi Tieliu 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Limited cohort of transcription factors is capable to structure various gene-expression patterns. Transcriptional cooperativity (TC) is deemed to be the main mechanism of complexity and precision in regulatory programs. Although many data types generated from numerous experimental technologies are utilized in an attempt to understand combinational transcriptional regulation, complementary computational approach that can integrate diverse data resources and assimilate them into biological model is still under development.
Results: We developed a novel Bayesian approach for integrative analysis of proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic data to identify specific TC. The model evaluation demonstrated distinguishable power of features derived from distinct data sources and their essentiality to model performance. Our model outperformed other classifiers and alternative methods. The application that contextualized TC within hepatocarcinogenesis revealed carcinoma associated alterations. Derived TC networks were highly significant in capturing validated cooperativity as well as revealing novel ones. Our methodology is the first multiple data integration approach to predict dynamic nature of TC. It is promising in identifying tissue- or disease-specific TC and can further facilitate the interpretation of underlying mechanisms for various physiological conditions.
Contact: tieliushi01@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Background Lamb waves in the Earth's atmosphere
Authors: Nishida Kiwamu , Kobayashi Naoki , Fukao Yoshio 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Lamb waves of the Earth's atmosphere in the millihertz band have been considered as transient phenomena excited only by large events. Here, we show the first evidence of background Lamb waves in the Earth's atmosphere from 0.2 to 10 mHz, based on the array analysis of microbarometer data from the USArray in 2012. The observations suggest that the probable excitation source is atmospheric turbulence in the troposphere. Theoretically, their energy in the troposphere tunnels into the thermosphere at a resonant frequency via thermospheric gravity wave, where the observed amplitudes indeed take a local minimum. The energy leak through the frequency window could partly contribute to thermospheric wave activity.