bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The digital garment: Perspectives on the image and the museum fashion collection database
Authors: Morena Jill 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Digitization of fashion and costume collections is a priority effort for many institutions worldwide. This study intends to examine the content of text and images within the fashion collection database record and how the viewer can extrapolate information beyond the discovery of the object or the given specifications about the object itself. While the digital reproduction may not be able to produce the ‘entire biography’, nor the complete ‘tactile aspect’, of the original object, it is possible for the digital image to provide much valuable contextual and historical information for the curator or researcher. Through an analysis of records in selected online collection databases of fashion, this study proposes to examine how images and their accompanying records can illuminate curatorial decision-making, changing museum and institutional practices, and the life of an object before and after museum acquisition, as well as approximate the sensations so important to the experience and understanding of clothing – texture and embodiment.
Effect of polyaniline/organophilic montmorillonite composites on properties of epoxy coating
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Deng Jingwei , Shao Yawei , Shi Qiumei , Meng Guozhe , Ping Li 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPolyaniline/organophilic montmorillonite (PANI/OMMT) composite powders were synthesized by in situ intercalation polymerization and were added to the epoxy coating as an anti-corrosive pigment. Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, and contact angle test were used to characterize the PANI/OMMT powders. The epoxy coating containing the PANI/OMMT powders was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and pull-off adhesion test. The results indicated that a unique combination of OMMT and PANI was realized by in situ intercalation polymerization, that the hydrophobic property of PANI/OMMT powders was enhanced and PANI/OMMT powders had good compatibility with epoxy resin, and that the anti-corrosive property of PANI/OMMT coating was better than that of epoxy resin coating.
The voicing of intervocalic stops in Old Tuscan and probabilistic sound change
Authors: Canalis Stefano 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe article examines the dual outcome of Latin intervocalic /p t k/ in Old Tuscan. While these stops remain voiceless in most of the Tuscan lexicon, a significant number of words are voiced. The prevailing opinion is that preservation of voicelessness is the native outcome, and that the words displaying voicing were borrowed from Romance languages in which intervocalic voicing was systematic. However, a number of facts militate against this hypothesis, including the presence of voicing in Tuscan words that are unattested or maintain a voiceless stop in the supposed donor languages. The results of a corpus-based analysis of an Old Tuscan lexicon show that the distribution of the voiced outcomes is phonologically conditioned (contra the borrowing hypothesis), as they are more likely if the stop was velar, next to low(er) vowels, next to stress and if followed by a liquid consonant. These results are also an example of sound change with clear and fine-grained phonological conditioning but a non-systematic outcome; irregularity was probably caused by the allophonic nature of Old Tuscan voicing and by its interaction with another lenition process.
On saying two things at once The historical semantics and pragmatics of Old English emotion words
Authors: Díaz-Vera Javier E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe article analyzes some aspects of the literal and figurative conceptualizations of shame in Old English. Through the reconstruction and fine-grained analysis of the whole set of literal, metonymic and metaphoric expressions of shame recorded in a corpus of Old English texts, I show here that the embodiment model for the conceptualization of this emotion was not used in Old English until the arrival of Christianity and the new moral standards it brought. The slow but progressive introduction of embodied metonymies and metaphors in Old English is, I will argue here, a direct consequence of the adaptation of patristic texts into the vernacular. The pressure to spread the Christian concept of shame, where this emotion is presented as an internal and subjective experience, and the need to substitute the old, honour-based model favoured the emergence and evolution of new figurative expressions of shame, based on its physiological effects on the experiencer.
Third-person singular zero in the Norfolk dialect A re-assessment
Authors: Joby Chris 
Published: November 2014

AbstractI use the results of my own research into the language use of the immigrant (or ‘Stranger’) communities in early modern Norwich to evaluate Peter Trudgill’s thesis that it was language contact in Norwich between the Strangers and the local English inhabitants that led to the emergence of third-person singular present tense zero (he go rather than he goes). I present evidence that third-person singular zero was already in use in Norwich and elsewhere in Norfolk by the time when Dutch- and French-speaking immigrants arrived in Norwich. The question then arises as to whether language contact did in fact play any role in establishing zero-marking as the norm in the Norfolk dialect, a process which was complete by about 1700. I argue is that if language contact did play a role in the success of zeromarking, it would have been in a manner different to that described by Trudgill.
Relative productivity potentials of Dutch verbal inflection patterns
Authors: Knooihuizen Remco , Strik Oscar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDiachronic change regarding the Germanic verb shows a tendency away from strong and towards weak inflection, although the change is not unidirectional. Three production and acceptability experiments on nonce and existing verbs in Dutch unveil a clear hierarchy in potential productivity of inflection patterns. Weak inflection has the highest potential productivity; within strong inflection, Classes I, II and III outrank the others. Speakers also regularly employ a productoriented schema based on the vowels /o/ and /ɔ/, as well as, although to a lesser extent, on /i/ and /ɪ/. We relate these findings to synchronic factors and to diachronic change.
On Middle English she, sho: A refurbished narrative
Authors: Laing Margaret , Lass Roger 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe offer a radical reinterpretation of the first step in the development of OE [h] in hēo towards PDE [ʃ] in she. This solves outstanding difficulties in accounting for the vocalism in ME [ʃe:], precursor of PDE [ʃi:]. The background is the etymology of she created for the Corpus of Narrative Etymologies, and its accompanying Corpus of Changes. The database for CoNE is The Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, with 36 different spellings for she across 71 texts. First, we present the OE etymology of she, tracking the changes that gave rise to all the attested OE variants. Second, using Britton’s (1991) paper as a starting point, we give a new explanation for initial [hj], allowing a straightforward account for all three attested ME vocalisms: [e:], [o:] and [ø:]. Third, we unpack the changes underlying the complex of variants attested in LAEME.
Do regulators overestimate the costs of regulation?
Authors: Simpson R. David 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:It has occasionally been asserted that regulators typically overestimate the costs of the regulations they impose. A number of arguments have been proposed for why this might be the case. The most widely credited is that regulators fail sufficiently to appreciate the effects of innovation in reducing regulatory compliance costs. Most existing studies have found that regulators are more likely to over- than to underestimate costs. While it is difficult to develop summary statistics to aggregate the results of different studies of disparate industries, one such measure is the average of the ratio of ex ante estimates of compliance costs to ex post estimates of the same costs. This ratio is generally greater than one. In this paper I argue that neither the greater frequency of overestimates nor the fact that the average ratio of ex ante to ex post cost estimates is greater than one necessarily demonstrates that ex ante estimates are biased. There are several reasons to suppose that the distribution of compliance costs could be skewed, so that the median of the distribution would lie below the mean. It is not surprising, then, that most estimates would prove to be too high. Moreover, Jensen’s inequality implies that the expected ratio of ex ante to ex post compliance costs would be greater than one. I propose a regression-based test of the bias of ex ante compliance cost estimates, and cannot reject the hypothesis that estimates are unbiased. Failure to reject a hypothesis with limited and noisy data should not, of course, be interpreted as a strong argument to accept the hypothesis. Rather, this paper argues for the generation of more and better information. Despite the existence of a number of papers reporting ex ante and ex post compliance cost estimates, it is surprisingly difficult to get a large sample with which to make such comparisons.
El diálogo entre enunciación y género: una perspectiva desde la hispanística
Authors: Quesada Santiago del Rey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this work we offer both a pragmatic-discursive and a genre-determined characterization of the dialogue, a polysemic term which converges the universal dimension of the concept and the historical aspect. In the field of Hispanic Studies, we establish, firstly, a link between the terms dialogue and conversation, the semantic similarity of which has often favored their synonymic use even in specialized writings. Secondly, we refer to the literary dialogue, specifically in regards to its essence as a genre which was cultivated in the European Renaissance. Related to this, we explain concepts like “orality” and “conversational fiction”, and we examine the features that characterize the dialogue as a genre. Subsequently, we present several brief historical considerations about the genre from Antiquity to Renaissance, the period in which a lot of dialogical texts began to emerge following Erasmus’ Colloquia and their translations. Finally, we discuss the connections between dialogue and argumentation.
Tensiones entre normatividad lingüística y descripción gramatical en la reciente producción gramatical de la Real Academia Española
Authors: Paredes Elena Méndez Gª de 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLinguistic normativity (usually identified with notions such as prescription or language correction) is hard to match with the idea of descriptive or explanatory grammar. This is because the grammatical encoding itself is already a first stage of the regulation. However, tensions between norm and description in the Nueva gramática de la lengua española result from the academic context in which such work is compiled: Academies are socially expected to be regulative, but the linguistic ideology of the persons in charge of the codification work make it difficult for the NGLE to meet these requirements and the social expectations. Notwithstanding, it is not always possible to dodge normativity and avoid value judgment over certain uses of Spanish, though the difficulty appears when trying to reach an agreement regarding an objective way of giving regulatory orientations. This paper deals with the necessity of understanding the concepts of descriptive grammar and normative grammar as two poles in a continuum of normativity through which codification always traverses, which can vary according to the grammatical aspect in question. It also examines extensively the Nueva gramática de la lengua española, in order to find out and analyze in which parts of the descriptions “shaded” normative judgments are offered, relating these to the topics of regulation and correction which have been recurrent throughout the history of the regulation of Spanish.
‘Never seen before, and never to be seen’: Fray Francisco’s La conquista del Perú and the Royal Celebrations for Ferdinand VI
Authors: Barbón María Soledad 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSince 1723, the year that the nuptials of Prince Luis Fernando with Louise Elizabeth d’Orléans were celebrated in the viceroyalty of Peru, the indigenous population of Lima had been contributing as a separate guild with its own festivities to monarchical celebrations. At the heart of these new festivities was the royal procession of twelve Incas, impersonated by local coastal lords, who paraded around the plaza mayor offering their crowns to the Spanish king in a gesture of submission. This procession of Inca kings was also performed in 1748 in honor of the proclamation of Ferdinand VI. The official festival report sent to Spain, however, suggests that the Indians of Lima had originally intended to organize a different spectacle to their new monarch, something “never seen before, and never to be seen”. I propose that the anonymous author of the report is referring to Fray Francisco del Castillo’s La conquista del Perú, a play that had been commissioned from him by the Indians specifically for the proclamation of Ferdinand VI. Based on this assumption this article analyzes the comedia and its corresponding loa against the backdrop of previous royal celebrations in Lima under the Bourbon reign and vis-à-vis the Inca Garcilaso’s Comentarios reales (1609) and Historia general del Perú (1617). I intend to show that the historical context, as well as the inter-textual relationship with Fray Francisco’s most important source, bring to the fore the potentially dangerous ambiguities of the play and allow a hypothesis to be put forward that may explain why neither loa nor comedia were performed in 1748.
La mise en place de la philologie et de la linguistique romanes dans l’Allemagne du 19e siècle
Authors: Francois Jacques 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe outstanding evolution of Romance linguistics from Lorenz Diefenbach’s first comparative morphological study (1831) to the Grundriss der romanischen Philologie (1904), edited by Gustav Gröber, can be explained by four factors: (1) the amount of “linguistic monuments” inventoried from the 16th century onwards, (2) the adherence of all German Romance scholars, first of all Friedrich Diez, to the principles of comparative historical linguistics as initiated by Bopp and Grimm, (3) the establishment of comparative Indo- European, German, Romance and Slavic linguistics at German universities, and (4) the early emancipation of linguistics from philology in Germany. Despite Gaston Paris and Graziadio Ascoli, neither French nor Italian Romance scholars where able to compete with the German (including Austrian and Swiss) researchers. Moreover, between the first and the second comparative enterprises which combined historical grammar and etymological lexicography, respectively by Friedrich Diez and Wilhelm Meyer-Lübke, the work of Hugo Schuchardt on Romance dialectology and creolistics opened up the field of geolinguistics as developed by the Swiss Jules Gilliéron.
Le genre grammatical en français : approche basée sur l’usage
Authors: Jeanmaire Guillaume 
Published: November 2014

AbstractApart from the “good French” set by normative grammar, there is the “French” which native speakers unconsciously acquire by ear, resorting to acquisition processes employed by L1 that intuitively apply clues which are at the same time contextual, graphophonic, morphologic and semantic. Our approach is based on the feminine mark, which is the “final” -e. We propose a distribution of gender based on the graphophonic and morphophonologic appearance of the nouns and present a maximal systemization of principles governing distribution based on the morphophonologic rule of Cassal (1876). We show, by scanning through different varieties and modes, how innovations (vacillating) spread in a “historical language” (written / spoken) and eventually gain acceptance in the “exemplary” “standard” (the “good” usage). The “exemplary” “standard” therefore follows the evolution of language, and, in time, the “exemplary” variety (usage, “standard”) follows that which is common in popular usage (variety, “standard”).
Urbane Jagdgesellschaft. Zur Hetzjagd (chasse à courre) als Inszenierungsmuster bürgerlicher Ambition im Stadtroman des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Traninger Anita 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhen the royal privilege of hunting was abolished in the wake of the French Revolution, a host of manuals and introductory primers soon emerged that instructed the bourgeois novices, eager to make sense of the arcane practices and gnostic terminology behind the hunt, in the rules of the pursuit. Evidence of the complexity of this culture abounds in the vast body of literature consulted by Flaubert for his Légende de saint Julien l’Hospitalier. Yet despite its new accessibility to the bourgeoisie, hunting continued to be firmly associated with aristocratic prestige. At the same time, it is precisely the raw yet controlled desire that underwrites the pack of dogs’ chase of deer or boar that emblematically captures the nature of bourgeois aspiration. In this article, I show how hunting provided, both literally and metaphorically, a pattern for the narration of bourgeois ambition in urban settings, which is demonstrated with a view to Zola’s novels La Curée and Son Excellence Eugène Rougon.
Spanish slurs and stereotypes for Mexican-Americans in the USA: A context-sensitive account of derogation and appropriation
Authors: Croom Adam M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Slurs such as spic, slut, wetback, and whore are linguistic expressions that are primarily understood to derogate certain group members on the basis of their descriptive attributes (such as their race or sex) and expressions of this kind have been considered to pack some of the nastiest punches natural language affords. Although prior scholarship on slurs has uncovered several important facts concerning their meaning and use –including that slurs are potentially offensive, are felicitously applied towards some targets yet not others, and are often flexibly used not only derogatorily to convey offense towards out-group members but also non-derogatorily to convey affiliation with in-group members– the literature remains largely focused on slurs that typically target African Americans (nigger), male homosexuals (faggot), and sexually active females (slut). Since no account of slurs that typically target Hispanics or Mexican-Americans has so far been proposed, here I offer the first systematic and empirically informed analysis of these that accounts for both their derogatory and appropriative use. Importantly, this article reviews over a dozen Spanish stereotypes and slurs and explains how the descriptive attributes involved in a stereotype associated with a slur can contribute to the predication of certain content in the application of that slur toward its target in context. This article further explains how the psychological effects of stereotype threat and stereotype lift can be initiated through the application of a relevant slur towards its target in context as well.
Schnelle Materialanalyse mit Lasern
Authors: Beresko Christian , Dietz Thomas , Kohns Peter , Ankerhold Georg 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Laseroptische Verfahren zur schnellen berührungsfreien Materialanalyse
besitzen ein breites industrielles Anwendungsspektrum. Wir zeigen an
ausgewählten Beispielen die Möglichkeiten der laserinduzierten
Plasmaspektroskopie zur dreidimensionalen Elementanalyse (3D-LIBS) und
beschreiben interessante Anwendungsfelder der Raman-Spektroskopie zur
Identifikation molekularer Strukturen organischer und anorganischer
Verbindungen.
Laserbasierte On-line-Analyse von Biogasen mit einer Raman-Sonde
Authors: Schlüter Sebastian , Seeger Thomas , Popovska-Leipertz Nadejda , Leipertz Alfred 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Zusammensetzung von Rohbiogas unterliegt prozessbedingt
Fluktuationen, die nachgelagerte Prozesse störend beeinflussen können. In
dieser Studie wird ein brenngasunabhängiges, auf den Grundlagen der linearen
Raman-Streuung basierendes Messsystem vorgestellt, das in der Lage ist, bei
geringem Gasdruck alle relevanten Biogaskomponenten innerhalb einer kurzen
Messzeit zu identifizieren und deren Konzentration hochgenau und präzise zu
bestimmen.
Super-Photolumineszenz-Effekte in GaN-Schichten bei erhöhter Temperatur
Authors: Prall Christoph , Noevermann Ingo , Rueter Dirk 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung
LEDs gelten als umweltfreundliche Beleuchtungstechnik. Für die
Massenanwendung arbeiten die LED-Hersteller an einer Senkung der
Kosten bzw. einer Erhöhung der Ausbeute, insbesondere bei der
aufwendigen LED-Kristallbeschichtung auf den Wafern. Während der
Beschichtung (MOCVD) werden optische In-situ-Messgeräte zur
Überwachung des Prozesses genutzt. Die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung
beschäftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von Super-Photolumineszenz-Effekten
bei einer möglichen In-situ-Prozesskontrolle in der MOCVD.
Lack of utility of SDHB mutation testing in adrenergic metastatic phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Sue Mariko , Martucci Victoria , Frey Florina , Lenders Jacques W M , Timmers Henri J , Pęczkowska Mariola , Prejbisz Aleksander , Swantje Brede , Bornstein Stefan R , Arlt Wiebke , Fassnacht Martin , Beuschlein Felix , Robledo Mercedes , Pacak Karel , Eisenhofer Graeme 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTesting for succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) mutations is recommended in all patients with metastatic phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs), but may not be required when metastatic disease is accompanied by adrenaline production. This retrospective cohort study aimed to establish the prevalence of SDHB mutations among patients with metastatic PPGLs, characterised by production of adrenaline compared with those without production of adrenaline, and to establish genotype–phenotype features of metastatic PPGLs according to underlying gene mutations.Design and methodsPresence of SDHB mutations or deletions was tested in 205 patients (114 males) aged 42±16 years (range 9–86 years) at diagnosis of metastatic PPGLs with and without adrenaline production.ResultsTwenty-three of the 205 patients (11%) with metastatic PPGLs had disease characterised by production of adrenaline, as defined by increased plasma concentrations of metanephrine larger than 5% of the combined increase in both normetanephrine and metanephrine. None of these 23 patients had SDHB mutations. Of the other 182 patients with no tumoural adrenaline production, 51% had SDHB mutations. Metastases in bone were 36–41% more prevalent among patients with SDHB mutations or extra-adrenal primary tumours than those without mutations or with adrenal primary tumours. Liver metastases were 81% more prevalent among patients with adrenal than extra-adrenal primary tumours.ConclusionSDHB mutation testing has no utility among patients with adrenaline-producing metastatic PPGLs, but is indicated in other patients with metastatic disease. Our study also reveals novel associations of metastatic spread with primary tumour location and presence of SDHB mutations.