bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic low‐dose radiation inhibits cisplatin‐induced formation of tumorous clones in Drosophila melanogaster wts/ + heterozygotes
Authors: Seong Ki Moon , Kim Cha Soon , Seo Sun Won , Lee Byung‐Sub , Nam Seon Young , Yang Kwang Hee , Kim Ji Young , Min Kyung‐Jin , Jin Young‐Woo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIonizing radiation is one of the most extensively studied carcinogens. In contrast to the detrimental effects of high‐dose radiation in carcinogenesis, the biological effects of low‐dose radiation remains poorly understood. In this study, we introduced adult wts/ + heterozygotes of Drosophila melanogaster as transgenic model organisms to determine the tumorigenic activity of low‐dose radiation. The warts (wts) gene is a tumor suppressor gene in mice and humans that is directly involved in cell cycle regulation. Fruit flies at the first larval stage were subjected to ionizing radiation, and then tumorigenic activity was evaluated as the frequency of observed warts tumorous mosaic clones in adult flies. Low‐dose irradiation alone did not cause tumorigenesis in our system. In combined treatment with a chemical carcinogen, chronic irradiation at 0.2 Gy decreased the frequency of tumorous clones induced by cisplatin. These results suggest that low‐dose radiation alone is not deleterious but beneficial in tumorigenesis induced by a chemical carcinogen.
Novel 3D conformal technique for treatment of choroidal melanoma with external beam photon radiotherapy
Authors: Phillips Claire , Pope Kathy , Hornby Colin , Chesson Brent , Cramb Jim , Bressel Mathias 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionTo report a 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) technique that utilises a specific eye immobilisation and treatment set‐up method as an alternative to stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), for treatment of juxtapapillary choroidal melanoma (CM) and report early treatment outcomes of this technique.MethodsA contact lens and rod system was designed to provide eye immobilisation and a treatment reference point for 3D‐CRT. The technique is described in detail in the body of the paper. A retrospective chart review was conducted to report freedom from local progression (FFLP) and radiation toxicity in a cohort of patients treated with a dose of 50 Gy in five fractions.ResultsEleven eligible patients with juxtapapillary CM were treated between 2003 and 2009. The median follow‐up was 3.2 years (range 1.2–5.3). The FFLP was 100% (95% confidence interval 71.5–100). The reproducibility of the set‐up and eye immobilisation for fractionation was excellent. The mean dose to the planning target volume was 51.4 Gy (interquartilic range 51.0–51.9). Normal tissue dose constraints were achieved; however, the quality of the 3D‐CRT plan was variable. The highest acute radiation toxicity score was Common Toxicity Criteria version 3 grade 1. Vision outcomes were poor.ConclusionIn this small series, a novel non‐stereotactic technique was found to be an accurate method for the treatment of CM with a high rate of freedom from tumour progression, in keeping with the SRT series. The quality of the conformal plan was variable. Investigation of the optimal dose‐fractionation schedule to minimise late radiation toxicity without compromise of tumour control is the focus of ongoing clinical research at our centre.
Overview of airway involvement in tuberculosis
Authors: Arora Arundeep , Bhalla Ashu Seith , Jana Manisha , Sharma Raju 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPulmonary tuberculosis is a ubiquitous infection and a re‐emerging medical and socioeconomic problem resulting in increasing mortality and morbidity, especially in Asian countries. We aim to review the spectrum of imaging findings in airway involvement in tuberculosis through characteristic radiological images and to assess the role of computed tomography and image‐guided interventions in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Improved method of double‐J ureteric stenting
Authors: H'ng Martin Weng Chin , Ilin Lei , Wong Kai‐Ping 
Published: January 2013

SummaryDouble‐J ureteral stents and antegrade stenting have been performed by radiologists for years. Various methods have been described, dependent on available equipment as well as technical expertise. As such, there is no definite consensus with regards to deployment of these stents. We describe an innovative technique, which would improve this procedure and highlight its advantages.
Impact of a physician‐staffed helicopter on a regional trauma system: a prospective, controlled, observational study
Authors: HESSELFELDT R. , STEINMETZ J. , JANS H. , JACOBSSON M.‐L. B , ANDERSEN D. L. , BUGGESKOV K. , KOWALSKI M. , PRÆST M. , ØLLGAARD L. , HÖIBY P. , RASMUSSEN L. S. 
Published: January 2013

IntroductionThis study aims to compare the trauma system before and after implementing a physician‐staffed helicopter emergency medical service (PS‐HEMS). Our hypothesis was that PS‐HEMS would reduce time from injury to definitive care for severely injured patients.MethodsThis was a prospective, controlled, observational study, involving seven local hospitals and one level I trauma centre using a before and after design. All patients treated by a trauma team within a 5‐month period (1 December 2009–30 April 2010) prior to and a 12‐month period (1 May 2010–30 April 2011) after implementing a PS‐HEMS were included.We compared time from dispatch of the first ground ambulance to arrival in the trauma centre for patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15. Secondary end points were the proportion of secondary transfers and 30‐day mortality.ResultsWe included 1788 patients, of which 204 had an ISS > 15. The PS‐HEMS transported 44 severely injured directly to the trauma centre resulting in a reduction of secondary transfers from 50% before to 34% after implementation (P = 0.04). Median delay for definitive care for severely injured patients was 218 min before and 90 min after implementation (P < 0.01). The 30‐day mortality was reduced from 29% (16/56) before to 14% (21/147) after PS‐HEMS (P = 0.02). Logistic regression showed PS‐HEMS had an odds ratio (OR) for survival of 6.9 compared with ground transport.ConclusionsImplementation of a PS‐HEMS was associated with significant reduction in time to the trauma centre for severely injured patients. We also observed significantly reduced proportions of secondary transfers and 30‐day mortality.
The dopamine beta‐hydroxylase inhibitor nepicastat increases dopamine release and potentiates psychostimulant‐induced dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Devoto Paola , Flore Giovanna , Saba Pierluigi , Bini Valentina , Gessa Gian Luigi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase inhibitor nepicastat has been shown to reproduce disulfiram ability to suppress the reinstatement of cocaine seeking after extinction in rats. To clarify its mechanism of action, we examined the effect of nepicastat, given alone or in association with cocaine or amphetamine, on catecholamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens, two key regions involved in the reinforcing and motivational effects of cocaine and in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.Nepicastat effect on catecholamines was evaluated by microdialysis in freely moving rats.Nepicastat reduced noradrenaline release both in the medial prefrontal cortex and in the nucleus accumbens, and increased dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex but not in the nucleus accumbens. Moreover, nepicastat markedly potentiated cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐induced extracellular dopamine accumulation in the medial prefrontal cortex but not in the nucleus accumbens. Extracellular dopamine accumulation produced by nepicastat alone or by its combination with cocaine or amphetamine was suppressed by the α2‐adrenoceptor agonist clonidine.It is suggested that nepicastat, by suppressing noradrenaline synthesis and release, eliminated the α2‐adrenoceptor mediated inhibitory mechanism that constrains dopamine release and cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐induced dopamine release from noradrenaline or dopamine terminals in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Genomic Signatures of a Global Fitness Index in a Multi‐Ethnic Cohort of Women
Authors: Rampersaud Evadnie , Nathanson Lubov , Farmer Jeffrey , Meshbane Karyn , Belton Richard L. , Dressen Amy , Cuccaro Michael , Musto Anthony , Daunert Sylvia , Deo Sapna , Hudson Natasha , Vance Jeffery M. , Seo David , Mendez Armando , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Goldschmidt‐Clermont Pascal J. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyle are on a dramatic incline, with associated detrimental health effects among women in particular. Although exercise prescriptions are useful for overcoming these problems, success can be hampered by differential responsiveness among individuals in cardiovascular fitness indices (i.e. improvements in strength, lipids, VO2max). Genomic factors appear to play an important role in determining this inter‐individual variation. We performed microarray analyses on mRNA in whole blood from 60 sedentary women from a multi‐ethnic cohort who underwent 12 weeks of exercise, to identify gene subsets that were differentially expressed between individuals who experienced the greatest and least improvements in fitness. We identified 43 transcripts in 39 unique genes (FDR<10%; FC>1.5) whose expression increased the most in “high” versus “low” pre‐menopausal female responders. These 39 genes were enriched in six biological pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation (p = 8.08 × 10−3). Several of the 39 genes (i.e. TIGD7, UQCRH, PSMA6, WDR12, TFB2M, USP15) have previously reported associations with fitness‐related phenotypes. In summary, we identified gene signatures based on mRNA analysis that define responsiveness to exercise in a largely minority‐based female cohort. Importantly, this study validates several genes/pathways previously associated with exercise responsiveness and extends these findings with additional novel genes.
B7 Costimulation and Intracellular Indoleamine‐2,3‐Dioxygenase Expression in Peripheral Blood of Healthy Pregnant and Pre‐Eclamptic Women
Authors: Toldi Gergely , Vásárhelyi Barna , Biró Enikő , Fügedi Gergely , Rigó János , Molvarec Attila 
Published: January 2013

ProblemWe determined the frequency of activated (CD11b+) monocytes expressing B7‐1, B7‐2, B7‐H1, and B‐7H2, and that of T cells and T helper cells expressing CD28, CTLA‐4, PD‐1, and ICOS in peripheral blood samples from normal pregnant (NP) and pre‐eclamptic (PE) women. We also examined the intracellular expression of indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO).Method of studyWe measured the expression of the above markers using flow‐cytometry in peripheral blood samples from 20 NP and 20 PE women in the third trimester.ResultsThe frequency of B7‐1 and B7‐2 expressing activated monocytes and that of IDO expressing T‐lymphocytes was lower in PE than in NP.ConclusionLower expression of B7‐1 and B7‐2 proteins on peripheral monocytes in PE might indicate a secondary regulatory mechanism in response to the ongoing systemic maternal inflammation. IDO plays an important role in the pregnancy‐specific immune tolerance, and might be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of PE.
Serum I‐FABP as marker for enterocyte damage in coeliac disease and its relation to villous atrophy and circulating autoantibodies
Authors: Adriaanse M. P. M. , Tack G. J. , Passos V. Lima , Damoiseaux J. G. M. C. , Schreurs M. W. J. , van Wijck K. , Riedl R. G. , Masclee A. A. M. , Buurman W. A. , Mulder C. J. J. , Vreugdenhil A. C. E. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundEnterocyte damage is the hallmark of coeliac disease (CD) resulting in malabsorption. Little is known about the recovery of enterocyte damage and its clinical consequences. Serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I‐FABP) is a sensitive marker to study enterocyte damage.AimsTo evaluate the severity of enterocyte damage in adult‐onset CD and its course upon a gluten‐free diet (GFD). Furthermore, the correlation among enterocyte damage, CD autoantibodies and histological abnormalities during the course of disease is studied.MethodsSerum I‐FABP levels were determined in 96 biopsy‐proven adult CD patients and in 69 patients repeatedly upon a GFD. A total of 141 individuals with normal antitissue transglutaminase antibody (IgA‐tTG) levels served as controls. I‐FABP levels were related to the degree of villous atrophy (Marsh grade) and IgA‐tTG.ResultsI‐FABP levels were elevated in untreated CD (median 691 pg/mL) compared with controls (median 178 pg/mL, P < 0.001) and correlated with Marsh grade (r = 0.265, P < 0.05) and IgA‐tTG (r = 0.403, P < 0.01). Upon a GFD serum levels decreased significantly, however, not within the range observed in controls, despite the common observed normalisation of IgA‐tTG levels and Marsh grade. CD patients with elevated I‐FABP levels nonresponding to GFD showed persistent histological abnormalities.ConclusionsEnterocyte damage assessed by serum I‐FABP correlates with the severity of villous atrophy in coeliac disease at the time of diagnosis. Although enterocyte damage improves upon treatment, substantial enterocyte damage persists despite absence of villous atrophy and low IgA‐tTG levels in the majority of cases. Elevated I‐FABP levels nonresponding to gluten‐free diet are indicative of histological abnormalities and warrant further evaluation.
Psychiatric co‐morbidity is associated with increased risk of surgery in Crohn's disease
Authors: Ananthakrishnan A. N. , Gainer V. S. , Perez R. G. , Cai T. , Cheng S.‐C. , Savova G. , Chen P. , Szolovits P. , Xia Z. , De Jager P. L. , Shaw S. Y. , Churchill S. , Karlson E. W. , Kohane I. , Perlis R. H. , Plenge R. M. , Murphy S. N. , Liao K. P. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundPsychiatric co‐morbidity, in particular major depression and anxiety, is common in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Prior studies examining this may be confounded by the co‐existence of functional bowel symptoms. Limited data exist examining an association between depression or anxiety and disease‐specific endpoints such as bowel surgery.AimsTo examine the frequency of depression and anxiety (prior to surgery or hospitalisation) in a large multi‐institution electronic medical record (EMR)‐based cohort of CD and UC patients; to define the independent effect of psychiatric co‐morbidity on risk of subsequent surgery or hospitalisation in CD and UC, and to identify the effects of depression and anxiety on healthcare utilisation in our cohort.MethodsUsing a multi‐institution cohort of patients with CD and UC, we identified those who also had co‐existing psychiatric co‐morbidity (major depressive disorder or generalised anxiety). After excluding those diagnosed with such co‐morbidity for the first time following surgery, we used multivariate logistic regression to examine the independent effect of psychiatric co‐morbidity on IBD‐related surgery and hospitalisation. To account for confounding by disease severity, we adjusted for a propensity score estimating likelihood of psychiatric co‐morbidity influenced by severity of disease in our models.ResultsA total of 5405 CD and 5429 UC patients were included in this study; one‐fifth had either major depressive disorder or generalised anxiety. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for potential confounders and the propensity score, presence of mood or anxiety co‐morbidity was associated with a 28% increase in risk of surgery in CD (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03–1.57), but not UC (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.80–1.28). Psychiatric co‐morbidity was associated with increased healthcare utilisation.ConclusionsDepressive disorder or generalised anxiety is associated with a modestly increased risk of surgery in patients with Crohn's disease. Interventions addressing this may improve patient outcomes.
Meta‐analysis: the diagnostic accuracy of critical flicker frequency in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Torlot F. J. , McPhail M. J. W. , Taylor‐Robinson S. D. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) reduces quality of life, increases the risk of road traffic incidents and predicts progression to overt hepatic encephalopathy and death. Current psychometry‐based diagnostic methods are effective, but time‐consuming and a universal ‘gold standard’ test has yet to be agreed upon. Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) is a proposed language‐independent diagnostic tool for MHE, but its accuracy has yet to be confirmed.AimTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of CFF for MHE by performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all studies, which report on the diagnostic accuracy of this test.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to locate all publications reporting on the diagnostic accuracy of CFF for MHE. Data were extracted from 2 × 2 tables or calculated from reported accuracy data. Collated data were meta‐analysed for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary receiver operator curve (sROC) analysis. Prespecified subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were also performed.ResultsNine studies with data for 622 patients were included. Summary sensitivity was 61% (95% CI: 55–67), specificity 79% (95% CI: 75–83) and DOR 10.9 (95% CI: 4.2–28.3). A symmetrical sROC gave an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.84 (SE = 0.06). The heterogeneity of the DOR was 74%.ConclusionsCritical Flicker Frequency has a high specificity and moderate sensitivity for diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Given the advantages of language independence and being both simple to perform and interpret, we suggest the use of critical flicker frequency as an adjunct (but not replacement) to psychometric testing.
Absolute and relative contraindications to pegylated‐interferon or ribavirin in the US general patient population with chronic hepatitis C: results from a US database of over 45 000 HCV‐infected, evaluated patients
Authors: Talal A. H. , LaFleur J. , Hoop R. , Pandya P. , Martin P. , Jacobson I. , Han J. , Korner E. J. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundChronic hepatitis C (HCV) treatment with pegylated‐interferon (PEG‐IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) is often limited by preexisting medical, psychiatric and psychosocial contraindications. However, limited data exist in general patient populations.AimTo evaluate the percentage of HCV‐infected patients in the general US population who may have contraindications to PEG‐IFN/RBV.MethodsThe General Electric (GE) Centricity dataset was used to screen the US population between 2004 and 2009 for HCV infection and contraindications to PEG‐IFN/RBV. HCV diagnosis and contraindications were identified using ICD‐9‐CM codes or laboratory values. Only patients with an encounter 180 days prior to HCV diagnosis were included. Demographic differences were calculated using Pearson's chi‐squared test. Frequencies and percentages for absolute and relative contraindications to PEG‐IFN and/or RBV were determined and proportions and rates/1000 person‐months were calculated.ResultsA total of 15 561 021 patients were screened, and 45 690 (0.3%) were HCV‐positive and were evaluated. Those with contraindications were significantly younger, female, White, not currently married and receiving Medicare or Medicaid coverage (all P < 0.0001). 17.3% had at least one contraindication to PEG‐IFN/RBV (5.5 events/1000 person‐months); bipolar disorder (6.5%), anaemia (Hgb < 10 g/dL; 5.9%), pregnancy (1.9%) and neutropenia (neutrophils <750 cells/mm3; 1.2%) were most frequently cited.ConclusionsApproximately, 17% of HCV‐infected patients in the general US population had at least one contraindication to PEG‐IFN/RBV. Most contraindications were relative and potentially modifiable. Clinical assessment of contraindications as relative and/or modifiable should be considered and used to determine if patients could benefit from current PEG‐IFN–containing triple therapy or future PEG‐IFN– or RBV‐free regimens.
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting and assessing ileal inflammation in Crohn's disease
Authors: Buisson A. , Joubert A. , Montoriol P.‐F. , Ines D. D. , Hordonneau C. , Pereira B. , Garcier J.‐M. , Bommelaer G. , Petitcolin V. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundWhether diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI)‐MRI is of value in detecting and assessing inflammation of ileal Crohn's disease (CD) remains poorly investigated.AimTo compare DWI‐MR enterography (MRE) with conventional MRE in estimating inflammation in small bowel CD, to determine an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) threshold to differentiate active from non‐active lesions and to assess inter‐observer agreement.MethodsThirty‐one CD patients from the Clermont‐Ferrand IBD unit with ileal involvement were consecutively and prospectively included between April and June 2011. All patients underwent DWI‐MRI to detect the digestive segment with the most severe lesions, which was then used to calculate the ADC. Qualitative and quantitative results were compared with conventional MRE including MaRIA (Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity) score calculation and independent activity predictors (wall thickening, oedema, ulcers). Each examination was interpreted independently by two radiologists blinded for clinical assessment.ResultsSeventeen patients (54.8%) had active CD as defined by the MaRIA score ≥7. DWI hyperintensity was highly correlated with disease activity evaluated using conventional MRE (P = 0.001). Qualitative analysis of DW sequences determined sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value as 100%, 92.9%, 94.4% and 100% respectively. Quantitative analysis using a cut‐off of 1.6 × 10−3 mm²/s for ADC yielded sensitivity and specificity values of, respectively, 82.4% and 100%. Inter‐observer agreement was high with regard to DWI hyperintensity (κ = 0.69, accuracy rate = 85.7%) and ADC (correlation = 0.74, P < 0.001, and concordance = 0.71, P < 0.001).ConclusionDWI‐MR enterography is a well‐tolerated, non‐time‐consuming and accurate tool for detecting and assessing inflammation in small bowel Crohn's disease.
Gaze, goals and growing up: Effects on imitative grasping
Authors: Brubacher Sonja P. , Roberts Kim P. , Obhi Sukhvinder S. 
Published: January 2013

Developmental differences in the use of social‐attention cues to imitation were examined among children aged 3 and 6 years old (n = 58) and adults (n = 29). In each of 20 trials, participants watched a model grasp two objects simultaneously and move them together. On every trial, the model directed her gaze towards only one of the objects. Some object pairs were related and had a clear functional relationship (e.g., flower, vase), while others were functionally unrelated (e.g., cardboard square, ladybug). Owing to attentional effects of eye gaze, it was expected that all participants would more faithfully imitate the grasp on the gazed‐at object than the object not gazed‐at. Children were expected to imitate less faithfully on trials with functionally related objects than those without, due to goal‐hierarchy effects. Results support effects of eye gaze on imitation of grasping. Children's grasping accuracy on functionally related and functionally unrelated trials was similar, but they were more likely to only use one hand on trials where the object pairs were functionally related than unrelated. Implications for theories of imitation are discussed.