bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iteration, Innovation und Dekorum in Opferlisten des Alten Reichs
Authors: Morales Antonio J. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate early contexts for the rites conforming the offering Pyramid Texts of the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties. Although the original form of the recitations in the mortuary cult was oral, a process of entextualization came to fix these recitations in writing, first as aide-mémoire for ritualists and then as ‘actualisations monumentales’ for the deceased. A comprehensive analysis of the process of formation of the offering list from the Second Dynasty to the reign of Unas reveals a cogent association of the involved priestly services and items with the offering rites in the Pyramid Texts. In fact, it is suggested that the canonization of the offering list by the mid-late Fourth Dynasty resulted from an attempt to standardize the structure of offering services in Giza and Saqqara that later extended to the royal mortuary corpus.
The effects of insulin and liraglutide on osteoprotegerin and vascular calcification in vitro and in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Davenport Colin , Mahmood Wan A , Forde Hannah , Ashley David T , Agha Amar , McDermott John , Sreenan Seamus , Thompson Christopher J , McGrath Frank , McAdam Brendan , Cummins Philip M , Smith Diarmuid 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveVascular calcification (VC) is inhibited by the glycoprotein osteoprotegerin (OPG). It is unclear whether treatments for type 2 diabetes are capable of promoting or inhibiting VC. The present study examined the effects of insulin and liraglutide on i) the production of OPG and ii) the emergence of VC, bothin vitroin human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) andin vivoin type 2 diabetes.Design/methodsHASMCs were exposed to insulin glargine or liraglutide, after which OPG production, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and levels ofRunx2,ALPand bone sialoprotein (BSP) mRNA were measured. A prospective, nonrandomised human subject study was also conducted, in which OPG levels and coronary artery calcification (CAC) were measured in a type 2 diabetes population before and 16 months after the commencement of either insulin or liraglutide treatment and in a control group that took oral hypoglycemics only.ResultsExposure to insulin glargine, but not liraglutide, was associated with significantly decreased OPG production (11 913±1409 pg/104cells vs 282±13 pg/104cells, control vs 10 nmol/l insulin,P<0.0001), increasedALPactivity (0.82±0.06 IU/104cells vs 2.40±0.16 IU/104cells, control vs 10 nmol/l insulin,P<0.0001) and increased osteogenic gene expression by HASMCs. In the clinical study (n=101), insulin treatment was associated with a significant reduction in OPG levels and, despite not achieving full statistical significance, a trend towards increased CAC in patients.ConclusionExogenous insulin down-regulated OPGin vitroandin vivoand promoted VCin vitro. Although neither insulin nor liraglutide significantly affected CAC in the present pilot study, these data support the establishment of randomised trials to investigate medications and VC in diabetes.
Review of Computed Tomographic Colonography from a Surgeon’s Perspective
Authors: Bellows Charles , Gagliardi Giuseppe , Bacigalupo Lorenzo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
New research has addressed many of the early concerns of Computed Tomographic colonography (CTC) and these studies are now beginning to shape clinical practices. A review of the literature demonstrates that the sensitivity of CTC in screening for large polyps (≥ 1cm) or cancers in the large intestine is as high as that of conventional optical colonoscopy, however, the sensitivity decreases with the diameter of the polyp. Despite this, CTC is well tolerated, more acceptable to patients than optical colonoscopy and therefore may improve colorectal cancer screening compliance. This review not only describes the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of CTC, and the evolving role of CTC as a primary colon cancer screening option, but also the recent studies that have demonstrated the additional value of CTC utilization for practicing clinicians.
A Single Biopsy is Valid for Genetic Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Regardless of Tissue Preservation or Location in the Esophagus
Authors: Dellon Evan S. , Yellore Vivek , Andreatta Matthew , Stover James 
Published: June 2015

Background & Aims: A new gene expression profile test may distinguish eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but the optimal tissue preparation and biopsy location are unknown. We aimed to determine if formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and RNA-later (RNAL) preserved specimens from newly diagnosed EoE patients have equivalent gene expression scores and whether scores vary by esophageal biopsy location.Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected and banked esophageal biopsies from EoE patients and GERD controls. Paired FFPE and RNAL samples from the distal, mid, and proximal esophagus were used. RNA was extracted, and gene expression for a previously constructed 96 gene panel was quantified with a summary expression score. Scores were compared between EoE and GERD patients, between FFPE and RNAL samples, and between the different esophageal locations.Results: A total of 72 samples, representing paired FFPE and RNAL specimens from 9 EoE cases and 3 GERD controls, were analyzed. Overall median gene expression scores were similar between FFPE and RNAL (238 vs 227; p=0.64), correlation was excellent between FFPE and RNAL (Spearman's rho=0.90; p<0.001), and there were no differences by biopsy level. Median gene scores distinguished EoE from controls (134 vs 402; p=0.02), and overall agreement between preservation methods and EoE case status was perfect (kappa=1.0; p<0.001).Conclusions: Gene expression scores were equivalent in FFPE and RNAL, and were also similar across three esophageal locations. This implies that a single biopsy in either FFPE or RNAL from anywhere in the esophagus may have the potential for genetic diagnosis of EoE.
Opportunistic Colorectal Cancer Screening using Colonoscopy. Comparative Results between two Historical Cohorts in Bucharest, Romania
Authors: Ionescu Elena Mirela , Nicolaie Tudor , Gologan Serban Ion , Mocanu Ana , Ditescu Cristina , Arbanas Tudor , Stoicescu Adriana , Teiusanu Adriana , Andrei Mihai , Diculescu Mircea , Ciocîrlan Mihai 
Published: June 2015

Background & Aims: Even though Romania has one of the highest incidence and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC) in Europe, there is currently no organized screening program. We aimed to assess the results of our opportunistic CRC screening using colonoscopy.Methods: A single center retrospective study to include all opportunistic screening colonoscopies performed in two 18 month periods (2007-2008 and 2012-2013) was designed. All asymptomatic individuals without a personal or family history of adenoma or CRC and with complete colonoscopy performed in these two time periods were included.Results: We included 1,807 individuals, 882 in the first period, 925 in the second period. There were 389 individuals aged below 50, 1,351 between 50 and 75 and 67 older than 75 years. There were 956 women (52.9%), with a mean age of 58.5 (median 59, range 23-97). The detection rates were 12.6% for adenomas (6.1% for advanced adenoma) and 3.4% for adenocarcinoma. Adenoma incidence (4.9% in subjects under 50, 14.7% in those aged 50 to 75, and 16.4% in those older than 75, p<0.0001) and size (6.3mm in subjects younger than 50, 9.2mm in those 50 to 75 and 10.8mm in those older than 75, p=0.015) significantly increased with age. Adenoma incidence increased in the second period (14.8% vs. 10.3%, p=0.005), while adenoma size decreased in the second period (8.4mm vs. 10mm, p=0.006). There were no procedure related complications.Conclusions: The neoplasia detection rate was 16% (12.6% adenoma, 3.4% adenocarcinoma). Adenoma incidence and size increased with age in both cohorts. In the second screening period significantly more and smaller adenomas were detected.
Does Infliximab Short Infusion have a Beneficial Impact on the Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases? A Single Centre Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Principi Mariabeatrice , Losurdo Giuseppe , La Fortezza Rosa Federica , Lopolito Pasquale , Lovero Rosa , Grillo Simone , Bringiotti Roberto , Ierardi Enzo , Di Leo Alfredo 
Published: June 2015

Background & Aims: Infliximab (IFX) is an anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agent used in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) therapy. Usually, it is administered over a 2-hour intravenous infusion. However, shortening the infusion duration to 1 hour has proved to be feasible and safe. In the present study we evaluated whether shortening the IFX infusion could affect the patients' quality of life (QoL) compared to the standard protocol.Methods: Subjects affected by IBD receiving IFX were prospectively recruited. The main criterion to shorten the infusion was the absence of IFX-related adverse reactions during the previous three 2-h infusions. For each patient, demographic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected. A questionnaire investigating their overall/job/social/sexual QoL was administered. Ordinal regression was performed with odds ratios (OR) for significant independent variables.Results: Eighty-one patients were included (46 with ulcerative colitis - UC, 35 with Crohn's disease - CD). Sixteen received the 2-h infusion due to previous adverse reactions, and the remaining 65 underwent the 1-h schedule. Shortening the infusion to 1 hour determined a better QoL (OR=0.626). However, the QoL was negatively influenced by age (OR=1.023), female sex (OR=2.04) and severe disease activity (OR=7.242). One-hour IFX infusion induced a better outcome on work (OR=0.588) and social (OR=0.643) QoL. Long-standing disease was correlated with a slightly better sexual QoL (OR=0.93). Conversely, older age (OR=1.046), severe clinical score (OR=15.579), use of other immunomodulators (OR=3.693) and perianal CD (OR=3.265) were related to an unsatisfactory sexual life. The total number of infusions (OR=0.891), proctitis (OR=0.062) or pancolitis (OR=0.1) minimized the perception of infusion-related side effects.Conclusion: The 1-h short infusion improves overall, social and job QoL, so that, when indicated, it should be recommended.
Efecto de la carga orgánica de la gallinaza de jaula en el potencial de biometanización
Authors: Marin-Batista José Daniel , Castro Liliana , Escalante Humberto 
Published: June 2015

<strong>Título en ingles: Effect of chicken manure organic load on biomethane potential.</strong><p><strong><strong>Título corto: Efecto de la carga orgánica de la gallinaza de jaula </strong></strong></p><p>El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la carga orgánica expresada en función de la relación inóculo/sustrato (RIS) sobre el potencial de biometanización de la gallinaza de jaula usando como inóculo lodo estiércol bovino. Se llevaron a cabo ensayos de biodegradación anaerobia a temperatura mesofílica de 39 °C. Para cada una de las cargas orgánicas evaluadas (16.6, 11.0, 8.3, 6.6 y 5.5 g SV/L) se cuantificaron las variables: ácidos grasos volátiles totales, alcalinidad, concentración amonio y volumen acumulado de metano. El mayor potencial de biometanización (0.58 m<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub>/kg SV) se alcanzó cuando la biodegradación anaerobia se llevó a cabo con una RIS de 1.0. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la gallinaza es un sustrato potencial para ser degradado por digestión anaerobia y el rendimiento del proceso es directamente proporcional a la concentración de sustrato. Este estudio también confirma que la RIS permite diluir la concentración de compuestos inhibitorios como el amonio en el caso de la gallinaza de jaula. </p><p><strong>Palabras claves:</strong> digestión anaerobia, gallinaza de jaula, relación inóculo/sustrato, amonio.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculum to substrate radio (ISR) on biomethane potential of chicken manure using cattle slurry as inoculum. Biomethane potential assays were carried out at 39 °C mesophilic temperature. Total fatty acids, total alkalinity, ammonium concentration and accumulative methane volume were measured to evaluate organic load ((16.6, 11.0, 8.3, 6.6 y 5.5 g VS/L) The highest biomethane potential (0.58 m<sup>3</sup> CH<sub>4</sub>/kg SV) was reached when anaerobic biodegradation was carried out to ISR of 1.0. The results demonstrated that chicken manure is a potential substrate to be degraded by anaerobic digestion and process performance is directly proportional to substrate concentration. This study also confirms that ISR allow dilution of inhibitory components as ammonium by the case of chicken manure. </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> anaerobic digestion, chicken manure, inoculum substrate ratio, ammonia</p><p><strong>Recibido:</strong> febrero 10 de 2014<strong> Aprobado:</strong> abril 9 de 2015</p>
Cultivo de Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) en fotobiorreactor tubular doblemente curvado a condiciones ambientales en el sur del Perú
Authors: Huarachi Olivera Ronald Eleazar , Yapo Pari Ursulo Avelino , Dueñas Gonza Alex Paul , Condori Huamanga Jose , Pacheco Salazar David , Soto Flores Joe 
Published: June 2015

<p><strong>Título en ingles: Cultivation of <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> (Spirulina) in curved</strong> <strong>doubly tubular photobioreactor to environmental conditions in the South of the Peru</strong><strong></strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Título corto: </strong><strong>Cultivo de <em>Arthrospira platensis </em>(Spirulina) en fotobiorreactor</strong></p><p><strong>Resumen: </strong>El presente trabajo investigó el cultivo de la microalga <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> (Spirulina) en valores de productividad cultivado en fotobiorreactor tubular doblemente curvado a condiciones ambientales con el fin de aprovechar la alta radiación solar de la región Arequipa en el sur de Perú (16°24´50´´ LS; 71°32´02´´ LO; 2344 msnm). El fotobiorreactor fue construido con un tubo transparente de policloruro de vinilo (PVC). La productividad del cultivo fue de 13.9 g/m<sup>2</sup> en 14 días ó 1 g/m<sup>2</sup>/día y una concentración de clorofila - “a” de 0.00785 mg/L con una máxima radiación de 1179 W/m<sup>2</sup>, y una iluminación de 121500 lux, convirtiendo sus filamentos helicoidales a morfologías anormales, tales como formas irregulares curvas e incluso lineales con fragmentaciones, demostrando que el cultivo se vio afectado por la alta radiación y las variaciones de temperaturas de Arequipa.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> cultivo, fotobiorreactor, productividad, sur de Perú, Spirulina.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The present work investigated the cultivation of microalgae <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> (Spirulina) in productivity values cultivated in doubly curved tubular photobioreactor to environmental conditions in order to take advantage of the high solar radiation of the Arequipa region in southern Peru (16°24´50´´ LS; 71°32´02´´LW; 2344 msnm.). The photobioreactor was built with a transparent tube of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The productivity of the crop was 13.9 g/m<sup>2</sup> in 14 days or 1 g/m<sup>2</sup>/day and a concentration of chlorophyll - "a" 0.00785 mg/L with a maximum radiation of 1179 W/m<sup>2</sup>, and a 121500 lux illumination, making its helical filaments abnormal morphologies, such as curves and linear even irregular shapes with fragmentation, demonstrating that the crop was affected by high radiation and variations in temperatures of Arequipa.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> culture, photobioreactor, productivity, South of Peru, Spirulina.</p><p><strong>Recibido:</strong> enero 22 de 2015<strong> Aprobado: </strong>abril 22 de 2015</p>
De Colón al globalismo: La construcción de la hegemonía Occidental
Authors: Madrigal Muñoz Eduardo 
Published: June 2015

El proceso de Globalización que vivimos hoy en día nos ha puesto frente a la Resumen necesidad de estudiar la historia en términos de procesos globales –vale decir, aquellos que se verifican en el nivel de lo global-, no solamente como una descripción de acontecimientos, sino desde un enfoque científico y analítico. Este proceso –hasta ahora único en la historia humana- ha estado caracterizado por una integración de mercados internacionales, un desarrollo sin precedentes de la tecnología –particularmente de la informática-, una geopolítica gobernada por la interacción de bloques económicos, y por la emergencia de una cultura global. No encontramos hasta 1492 la existencia de un mercado mundial que verdaderamente integre a todos los continentes del planeta por primera vez en la historia bajo un estilo de civilización llamado la modernidad. Este nuevo estilo de civilización estará caracterizado por un modelo racional de pensamiento y una forma racionalizada de dirigir la economía y la política, que luego sería conocido como el Estado Moderno, quién generará una reorganización de la estructura de los intercambios globales a favor de Europa como centro rector del mundo. La modernidad se convierte en el máximo modelo de evolución, desarrollo y progreso mundial que se impone todas las otras culturas del planeta.
De la praxi de la deriva a la recerca del remot
Authors: Raventós Pagès Marc 
Published: June 2015

La deriva, tal i com la va definir el teòric situacionista Guy Debord, és un procediment d'acció, més que de moviment. És un posicionament espacial dels surrealistes, un procediment dels situacionistes, un deixar-se anar en l'espai i en el temps i, en última instÃ ncia, un mecanisme per a la investigació artística. El remot és un lloc proper i alhora llunyÃ , un lloc mental obert al coneixement, el domini de la realitat imaginada. Després d'un llarg procés d'investigació i un extens treball de camp, l'artista Marc Raventós explica com la prÃ ctica de la deriva es converteix en una escola de la mirada, en un mecanisme de mirada per a l'artista, en una eina per a la recerca del remot. El fet de la deriva provoca una ampliació de temÃ tiques i llenguatges expressius. I, el més important, aquest procés es converteix en una eina extraordinÃ ria per a la creació artística.
Alkali Metal Silicides: A New Material for Heavy-Oil Production Processes
Authors: Krumrine Paul H. , Lefenfeld Michael , Romney Gregory A. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Alkali-metal silicides are a new class of materials that provide thermal, chemical, and immiscible gas-drive benefits in one treatment. Not previously known in oilfield applications, these materials are energy-dense chemicals that generate heat, hydrogen, and an alkali silicate after reaction with reservoir water. The reaction is only limited by the availability of water in any form; in a closed environment, one can generate pressures &gt;10,000 psi (&gt;68.9 MPa). One can disperse alkali-metal silicides in various hydrocarbon fluids to facilitate placement deep in the reservoir, or one can coat them to allow a time-delayed reaction. One can mill the powders to submicron size for optimum injectivity in high-permeability reservoirs or zones. This combination of reaction-product properties makes silicides particularly applicable for the recovery of heavier crude oils. Because the chemical reaction occurs in situ, silicides are not subject to the thermal-inefficiency limitations of conventional thermal-enhanced-oil-recovery processes at depth. Further, the resulting hydrogen and silicate reaction products represent a “green” chemistry approach that may reduce the environmental impact of oil-recovery operations. This paper discusses the potential impacts of heat, hydrogen, and alkali generated from alkali-metal silicide and presents bench-scale high-permeability unconsolidated-sandpack linear-flood results demonstrating recovery efficiencies up to 93% of original oil in place (residual oil saturation = 0.058). Results also show that alkali-metal silicides can provide accelerated oil production, as much as 20% faster than comparable chemical technologies.
A Comparison of Three Nonoxidizing Biocides and Chlorine Dioxide in Treating Marcellus Shale Production Waters
Authors: Erkenbrecher C. W. , Nurnberg S. , Breyla A. D. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), a relative new addition to the oil and gas fracturing industry (especially for production-water treatment for reuse), has superior microbial efficacy compared with currently used nonoxidizing biocides at their lowest and mid-range US Environmental Protection Agency approved concentrations. ClO2 is the only antimicrobial treatment to exhibit complete kill of any of the bacterial populations [except tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS) at 208 ppm (commodity basis) in 100% Marcellus shale production water], and demonstrated greater than 5.16 log10 reduction even at the lowest ClO2 residual tested (i.e., 1.19 ppm residual; 9 ppm dose). As a result, ClO2 should be considered a potentially viable option when selecting a biocide for treating fracturing production waters for reuse in the Marcellus shale play.
Microstructure and properties of hot-pressed molybdenum-alumina composites
Authors: Chmielewski M. , Dutkiewicz J. , Kalinski D. , Litynska-Dobrzynska L. , Pietrzak K. , Strojny-Nedza A. 
Published: June 2015

Brittleness is the main technical limitation on a wide use of advanced ceramic materials. To overcome this problem, ceramic-metal composites are commonly applied. A principal advantage of ceramic-metal composite materials is their higher resistance to brittle fracture. An increase of fracture toughness depends on the type, amount, size and shape of a metallic component. The metallic phase can additionally modify physical, mechanical and thermal properties of materials.
The results of experiments concerning a manufacturing process of Mo-Al2O3 composite materials obtained by the hot pressing method were presented. Two powder mixtures with different volume fraction of aluminium oxide were prepared in a planetary ball mill. The hot pressing process allowed to obtain well-densified metal matrix composites (~99% of a theoretical density). Microstructural observations of sinters were conducted using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Very stable bonding between metal and ceramic grains was observed. Complex investigations of the physical and mechanical properties of obtained molybdenum-alumina composite materials seem to be very promising from an application point of view.