bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining Asymmetry Thresholds in Anophthalmia/Microphthalmia Using a Three-dimensional Animated Model
Authors: Romein Emiel J. , Groot Annabel L. W. , Remmers Jelmer S. , Lissenberg Birgit , Moll Annette C. , Saeed Peerooz , Hartong Dyonne T. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia are rare development disorders with underdevelopment of the orbital region, resulting in asymmetry of the face. No clear guidelines exist to determine when these deviations are acceptable.

Methods:
The face of a healthy 6-year-old child was three-dimensionally scanned. On this scan, we modeled various incremental degrees of facial asymmetries using three-dimensional modeling software. We modeled for smaller palpebral fissures, sunken eyes, and downward displacement of the eye. We also tested whether adjusting the vertical palpebral fissure height in relation to the horizontal palpebral fissure width affected perception. A total of 22 videos were created in which the model turned the head horizontally and vertically. We created a questionnaire asking raters how acceptable the face is, on a linear scale from 0 to 10.

Results:
Results showed a correlation between the degree of asymmetry and the acceptability score of the raters. Enophthalmos of ≥6 mm, palpebral fissure width ≤79% compared with the other eye, and 2 mm or more downward displacement of the eye resulted in a significant different acceptability score. The desire for correction was strongly increased when these thresholds were exceeded. Adjusting the vertical palpebral fissure height to the horizontal palpebral fissure width resulted in a worse acceptability score.

Conclusion:
A unilateral sunken eye (enophthalmos) of 6 mm or more, asymmetric horizontal palpebral fissure length of ≤79%, and a lower position of one eye of more than 2 mm resulted in unacceptable judgment. These data can be used to evaluate treatment outcome in children treated for congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia.
Fluorescein-conjugated hyaluronic acid enables visualization of retained ophthalmic viscosurgical device in anterior chamber
Authors: Rocher Erick E. , Eghrari Allen O. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To develop and assess the utility of an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) manufactured with fluorescein-conjugated hyaluronic acid (conjHA).

Setting:
Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Design:
Laboratory study.

Methods:
ConjHA and unconjugated HA (unconjHA) at varied ratios were used to produce OVD (conjOVD) with varied fluorescence intensity. The conjHA:unconjHA ratio was optimized to maximize clarity under white light and fluorescence intensity under cobalt blue light (CBL), allowing for conditional visualization. The effect of conjugation on conjOVD viscosity was assessed by rotational rheometry. Intraocular lenses (IOLs) were immersed in conjOVD for 4 hours to assess staining of IOLs. A proof-of-concept study was performed in ex vivo porcine eyes. After injection and visualization, the OVDs were removed from the eyes by irrigation/aspiration (I/A).

Results:
0.5 mg/mL of conjHA (degree of substitution = 0.005) enabled robust fluorescence of conjOVD under CBL. Fluorescein conjugation did not significantly affect conjOVD viscosity (P > .05 for mean difference in viscosity at all shear rates tested). No staining of IOLs was appreciated. ConjOVD was visualized under CBL when injected ex vivo and maintained clarity of the anterior chamber under white light. Importantly, conjHA enabled delineation of retained OVD after I/A.

Conclusions:
Use of OVD composed of fluorescein-conjugated HA is a feasible method to enable conditional visualization of OVD intraoperatively without nonspecific staining of ocular structures. Further development of this technology may enable accelerated OVD removal in ocular surgery or decreased OVD retention postoperatively.
Updating the no-history method in intraocular lens power calculation after myopic laser vision correction
Authors: Shammas H. John , Cooke David L. , Riaz Kamran M. , Tonk Rahul , Shammas Maya C. , Bleeker Adam , Anter Abdelrahman M. , Suraneni Sanjana , Leal Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To describe the Shammas-Cooke formula, an updated no-history (NH) formula for IOL calculation in eyes with prior myopic laser vision correction (M-LVC), and to compare the results with the Shammas PL, Haigis-L, and Barrett True-K NH formulas.

Setting:
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (BPEI), The Lennar Foundation Medical Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Dean A. McGee Eye Institute (DMEI), University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and private practice, Lynwood, California, and St Joseph, Michigan.

Design:
Retrospective observational study.

Methods:
We analyzed 2 large series of cataractous eyes with prior M-LVC. The training set (BPEI series of 330 eyes) was used to derive the new corneal power conversion equation to be used in the new Shammas-Cooke formula and the testing set (165 eyes of 165 patients in the DMEI series) to compare the updated formula with 3 other M-LVC NH formulas on the ASCRS calculator: Shammas PL, Haigis-L, and Barrett True-K NH.

Results:
Mean prediction error was 0.09 ± 0.56 diopters (D), −0.44 ± 0.61 D, −0.47 ± 0.59 D, and −0.18 ± 0.56 D and the mean absolute error was 0.43 D, 0.60 D, 0.61 D, and 0.45 D for the Shammas-Cooke, Shammas PL, Haigis-L, and Barrett True-K NH, respectively. The percentage of eyes within ±0.50 D was 66.7% vs 47.9%, 48.5%, and 65.5%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The Shammas-Cooke formula performed better than the Shammas PL and Haigis-L (P < .001 for both) and as well as the Barrett True-K NH formula (P = .923).
Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical wound infections in clean and clean-contaminated surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Xiao-Fei , Bin Xiang , Qu Ke-Yi , Liu Hong-Jun , Lei Haike , Li Wei-Fan , Min Zhou , Xia Yu , Dai Li-Hua , Yu Su-Ying , Bao Yun-Ping , Zhu Jia-Quan , Bing Tan 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The efficacy and necessity of prophylactic antibiotics in clean and clean-contaminated surgery remains controversial.

Methods:
The studies were screened and extracted using databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials.gov according to predefined eligibility criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of preoperative and postoperative prophylactic antibiotic use on the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing any clean or clean-contaminated surgery.

Results:
A total of 16 189 participants in 48 RCTs were included in the primary meta-analysis following the eligibility criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for SSI with antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.53–0.68). The pooled OR among gastrointestinal, oncology, orthopedics, neurosurgery, oral, and urology surgery was 3.06 (95% CI: 1.05–8.91), 1.16 (95% CI: 0.89–1.50), 2.04 (95% CI: 1.09–3.81), 3.05 (95% CI: 1.25–7.47), 3.55 (95% CI: 1.78–7.06), and 2.26 (95% CI: 1.12–4.55), respectively. Furthermore, the summary mean difference (MD) for patients’ length of hospitalization was −0.91 (95% CI: −1.61, −0.16). The results of sensitivity analyses for all combined effect sizes showed good stability.

Conclusion:
Antibiotics are both effective, safe, and necessary in preventing surgical wound infections in clean and clean-contaminated procedures, attributed to their reduction in the incidence of surgical site infections as well as the length of patient hospitalization.
Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in resectable locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Bowen , Xie Shule , Han Jingjing , Cao Haotian , Lin Zhaoyu , Hu Huijun , Pan Chaobin , Li Qunxing , Li Jintao , Wang Liansheng , Chen Suling , Rao Guangxin , Huang Guoxin , Tan Yongmei , Chen Rongxi , Fan Song , Duan Xiaohui , Li Haigang , Li Jinsong 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), while neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NACI) is believed to lead to better outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of NACI regimens in treating locally advanced resectable OSCC.

Materials and methods:
Patients diagnosed with locally advanced resectable OSCC who received NACI and non-NACI were reviewed between December 2020 and June 2022 in our single center. The pathologic response was evaluated to the efficacy of NACI treatment. Adverse events apparently related to NACI treatment were graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rate were assessed.

Results:
Our analysis involved 104 patients who received NACI. Notably, the pathological complete response rate was 47.1%, and the major pathological response (MPR) rate was 65.4%. The top three grade 1–2 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were alopecia (104; 100%), anemia (81; 77.9%), and pruritus (62; 59.6%). Importantly, patients achieving MPR exhibited higher programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive scores (CPS). The diagnostic value of CPS as a biomarker for NACI efficacy was enhanced when combined with total cholesterol level. The 3-year estimated DFS rates were 89.0% in the NACI cohort compared to 60.8% in the non-NACI cohort, while the 3-year estimated OS rates were 91.3 versus 64.0%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The NACI treatment showed safe and encouragingly efficacious for locally advanced resectable OSCC patients. The high response rates and favorable prognosis suggest this approach as a potential treatment option. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate these findings.
Utility of PSMA-PET derived volumetric parameters in initial risk stratification and prediction of prostate cancer metastasis – a head-to-head comparison of the radiotracers 18F-PSMA-1007 and 68Ga-PSMA-11
Authors: Chandekar Kunal Ramesh , Satapathy Swayamjeet , Singh Harmandeep , Kumar Rajender , Kumar Santosh , Kakkar Nandita , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Singh Shrawan Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Objective
This study aimed to explore and compare the utility of baseline 18F-PSMA-1007 and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/computed tomography (CT) derived volumetric parameters in initial risk stratification and prediction of prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis.

Methods
Forty treatment-naïve, biopsy-proven intermediate-/high-risk PCa patients were prospectively recruited. Each patient underwent PET/CT with 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-PSMA-1007 (within 2 weeks). The maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) of primary tumor, prostate PSMA-tumor volume (PSMA-TVp), and prostate total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMAp) were measured.

Results
PSMA-TVp and TL-PSMAp (with both radiotracers) mostly exhibited moderate-to-strong correlation with Gleason score, serum prostate-specific antigen level and clinical tumor stage (Spearman ρ = 0.361–0.783, P-values ≤0.022). Primary tumor SUVmax values were similar across initial risk categories. PSMA-TVp and TL-PSMAp, however, were significantly higher in high-risk PCa compared to intermediate-risk PCa (P-values ≤0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that F-PSMA-TVp, Ga-PSMA-TVp, F-TL-PSMAp, and Ga-TL-PSMAp (optimal cutoff values of 20.9, 23.4, 142.5, and 144.8, respectively) could effectively differentiate high-risk from intermediate-risk PCa [area under the ROC curve (AUCs) 0.859–0.898, P-values <0.001] with high sensitivity (~68.8–75%) and excellent specificity (100%). PSMA-TVp and TL-PSMAp (with both radiotracers) could predict presence of regional and extraregional nodal metastasis (AUCs 0.703–0.801, P-values ≤0.03) with moderate sensitivity (~47.8–70.6%) and excellent specificity (~82.6–94.1%).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that baseline PSMA-PET primary tumor volumetric parameters provide a noninvasive, objective, and accurate index for initial risk stratification and can predict presence of regional and extraregional nodal metastasis in PCa patients. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate their incremental role over conventional parameters.
Evaluation of Empiric Voriconazole Dosing and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Schweiger Jennifer A. , Heiden Alyssa M. , MacBrayne Christine E. 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Invasive fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with immunodeficiencies. Current dosing recommendations for voriconazole often result in subtherapeutic exposure in pediatric patients. In this single-center retrospective study, we reviewed hospitalized pediatric patients receiving voriconazole with at least one inpatient serum trough concentration measured. Patient characteristics and voriconazole dosing courses with associated trough concentrations were summarized for all patients as well as grouped by age (0 to 1 y, 2 to 11 y, and 12 to 18 y). Of 106 included patients, the median age was 9 years (range, 29 d to 18 y). Five hundred ninety courses of voriconazole were administered with 365 associated troughs. Most troughs were subtherapeutic (49%) and 30% of patients never attained a therapeutic trough. The median oral daily dose associated with a therapeutic trough was higher in younger age groups: 21.6 mg/kg 0 to 1 year, 17.9 mg/kg 2 to 11, and 9.5 mg/kg 12 to 18 years (P<0.001). Patients younger than 2 years had the largest proportion of subtherapeutic troughs and variability in dosing. Attainment of therapeutic voriconazole concentrations was challenging across all pediatric age groups. Higher starting doses for patients younger than 2 years are likely needed.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Continuous Heparin Infusion to Prevent Asymptomatic Catheter-Related Thrombosis at Discharge in Infants After Cardiac Surgery: The CHIP-CRT Trial
Authors: Tan Yuyu , Sun Xin , Zhong Jing , Zou Youqun , Ren Yuan , Liu Yumei , Zhao Lijie , Zhuang Jian , Wang Sheng , Sun Yunxia , Wang Yifei 
Published: June 2024

Objectives:
There are conflicting results in preventing catheter-related thrombosis (CRT). Continuing infusion of unfractionated heparin (UFH) was a potential option for CRT. This study was to determine the effect of continuous UFH infusion on asymptomatic CRT at discharge in infants after cardiac surgery.

Study Design:
This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial at a single center. All infants with central venous catheters after cardiac surgery, below 3 months of age, were eligible. Stratified by CRT, infants were randomly assigned to the UFH group or the normal saline group. UFH was initiated at a speed of 10 to 15 units/kg/h for infants with CRT and 2 to 3 units/kg/h without CRT. The primary outcome was to determine the rate of CRT at discharge. The secondary outcomes included thrombosis 6 months after surgery, adverse events of UFH, and post-thrombotic symptoms.

Results:
Due to slow recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic, this trial was prematurely stopped. Only 35 infants were randomly assigned to the UFH or control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in CRT rate at discharge (P=0.429) and 6 months after surgery (P=1.000) between groups. All CRTs except one disappeared at discharge. No thrombosis or post-thrombotic symptom was reported at follow-up evaluation. There was no difference between groups in duration of thrombus (P=0.088), D dimer (P=0.412), catheter in situ days (P=0.281), and post-thrombotic syndrome (P=1.000), except for activated partial thromboplastin time (P=0.001).

Conclusions:
With the early stop of this trial and limited data, it is difficult to draw a definitive conclusion about the efficacy of UFH on CRT. Meanwhile, considering the data from 6 months follow-up, in this population, asymptomatic CRT might resolve with no intervention.
Achievement Goal Theory and Mindsets
Authors: Williams Cheryl 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Many nursing schools are transitioning to a competency-based model due to the increasing complexity of medical information, skills, task acuities, and cognitive overload.

Problem:
Nursing faculty may not be familiar with the synergy between achievement goal theory and the growth mindset (GM) model to prepare nursing students within a competency-based model effectively.

Approach:
This article presents a persuasive argument for how integrating achievement goal theory and the GM model could effectively foster mastery goals essential for competency development.

Conclusions:
Mastery goals, a component of the GM model, can be used as tangible indicators for assessing and evaluating competency development.
Association of retinal image–based, deep learning cardiac BioAge with telomere length and cardiovascular biomarkers
Authors: Vaghefi Ehsan , An Songyang , Corbett Rini , Squirrell David 
Published: June 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Our retinal image–based deep learning (DL) cardiac biological age (BioAge) model could facilitate fast, accurate, noninvasive screening for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in novel community settings and thus improve outcome with those with limited access to health care services.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine whether the results issued by our DL cardiac BioAge model are consistent with the known trends of CVD risk and the biomarker leukocyte telomere length (LTL), in a cohort of individuals from the UK Biobank.

METHODS
A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted using those individuals in the UK Biobank who had LTL data. These individuals were divided by sex, ranked by LTL, and then grouped into deciles. The retinal images were then presented to the DL model, and individual's cardiac BioAge was determined. Individuals within each LTL decile were then ranked by cardiac BioAge, and the mean of the CVD risk biomarkers in the top and bottom quartiles was compared. The relationship between an individual's cardiac BioAge, the CVD biomarkers, and LTL was determined using traditional correlation statistics.

RESULTS
The DL cardiac BioAge model was able to accurately stratify individuals by the traditional CVD risk biomarkers, and for both males and females, those issued with a cardiac BioAge in the top quartile of their chronological peer group had a significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and 10-year Pooled Cohort Equation CVD risk scores compared with those individuals in the bottom quartile (p<0.001). Cardiac BioAge was associated with LTL shortening for both males and females (males: −0.22, r
2 = 0.04; females: −0.18, r
2 = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
In this cross-sectional cohort study, increasing CVD risk whether assessed by traditional biomarkers, CVD risk scoring, or our DL cardiac BioAge, CVD risk model, was inversely related to LTL. At a population level, our data support the growing body of evidence that suggests LTL shortening is a surrogate marker for increasing CVD risk and that this risk can be captured by our novel DL cardiac BioAge model.
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over the Supplementary Motor Area on Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lu Qi-qi , Zhu Ping-an , Li Zhi-liang , Holmes Clayton , Zhong Yu , Liu Howe , Bao Xiao , Xie Ju-Ying 
Published: June 2024

ABSTACT

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the supplementary motor area (SMA) in motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Method
Databases searched included 5 databases from October 7,2022 to January 4, 2023. The Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Outcome measure is the motor function examination of the motor part of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III).

Results
Seven studies totaling 374 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that stimulation of SMA significantly improved motor function in PD patients compared with sham stimulation (SMD = -1.24; 95% CI, -2.24 to -0.24; P = 0.02; I2
= 93%). Stimulation of the same target (SMA), subgroup analysis showed that high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) is more effective than low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) in improving motor function in PD (SMD = -1.39; 95% CI, -2.21 to -0.57; P = 0.04; I2
= 77.2%).

Conclusions
Overall, rTMS over SMA had a statistically significant improvement in motor function in PD patients, and HF-rTMS is statistically significantly more effective than LF-rTMS.
Back to Basics: Care of the Stereotactic EEG Implanted Patient
Authors: Alick-Lindstrom Sasha , Venkatesh Pooja , Perven Ghazala , Wabulya Angela , Yang Qian-Zhou (JoJo) , Sirsi Deepa , Podkorytova Irina ,   On behalf of the American SEEG Consortium
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Stereotactic EEG (SEEG) is gaining increasing popularity in the United States. Patients undergoing SEEG have unique challenges, and their needs are different compared with noninvasive cases. We aim to describe the medical, nursing, and other institutional practices of SEEG evaluations among tertiary referral (level IV) epilepsy centers accredited by the National Association of Epilepsy Centers.

Methods:
We analyzed data obtained from a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) survey we formulated and distributed to directors of all level IV epilepsy centers listed by the National Association of Epilepsy Center. Most questions were addressed to the adult and pediatric SEEG programs separately.

Results:
Among 199 epilepsy center directors invited to complete the survey, 90 (45%) responded. Eighty-three centers (92%) reported they perform SEEG evaluations. Of the 83 respondents, 56 perform SEEG in adult and 47 in pediatric patients. Twenty-two centers evaluate both pediatric and adult subjects. The highest concordance of SEEG workflow was in (1) epilepsy monitoring unit stay duration (1–2 weeks, 79% adult and 85% pediatric programs), (2) use of sleep deprivation (94% both adult and pediatric) and photic stimulation (79% adult and 70% pediatric) for seizure activation, (3) performing electrical cortical stimulation at the end of SEEG evaluation after spontaneous seizures are captured (84% adult and 88% pediatric), and (4) daily head-wrap inspection (76% adult and 80% pediatric). Significant intercenter variabilities were noted in the other aspects of SEEG workflow.

Conclusions:
Results showed significant variability in SEEG workflow across polled centers. Prospective, multicenter protocols will help the future development and harmonization of optimal practice patterns.