bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of biochemical properties of a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase ofCryptosporidium parvum
Authors: KANG J.-M. , JU H.-L. , SOHN W.-M. , NA B.-K. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYGlutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9) is an important antioxidant enzyme that catalyses the reduction of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides to water in oxygen-consuming organisms, using glutathione as an electron donor. Here, we report the characterization of a GPx ofCryptosporidium parvum(CpGPx). CpGPx contained a standard UGU codon for cysteine instead of a UGA opal codon for seleno-cysteine (SeCys) at the active site, and no SeCys insertion sequence (SECIS) motif was identified within the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of CpGPx, which suggested its selenium-independent nature.In silicoand biochemical analyses indicated that CpGPx is a cytosolic protein with a monomeric structure. Recombinant CpGPx was active over a wide pH range and was stable under physiological conditions. It showed a substrate preference against organic hydroperoxides, such as cumene hydroperoxide andt-butyl hydroperoxide, but it also showed activity against inorganic hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide. Recombinant CpGPx was not inhibited by potassium cyanide or by sodium azide. The enzyme effectively protected DNA and protein from oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide, and was functionally expressed in various developmental stages ofC. parvum. These results collectively suggest the essential role of CpGPx for the parasite's antioxidant defence system.
Existence of measures of maximal entropy for 𝒞^{𝓇} interval maps
Authors: Burguet David 
Published: December 2013

We show that a

C

r

\mathcal {C}^{r}

(
r
>
1
)

(r>1)

map of the interval

f
:
[
0
,
1
]
→
[
0
,
1
]

f:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]

with topological entropy larger than

log
⁡
‖

f
′

‖

∞

r

\frac {\log \|f’\|_{\infty }}{r}

admits at least one measure of maximal entropy. Moreover the number of measures of maximal entropy is finite. It is a sharp improvement of the 2006 paper of Buzzi and Ruette in the case of

C

r

\mathcal {C}^r

maps and solves a conjecture of J. Buzzi stated in his 1995 thesis. The proof uses a variation of a theorem of isomorphism due to J. Buzzi between the interval map and the Markovian shift associated to the Buzzi-Hofbauer diagram.
The Individualisation of Party Politics: The Impact of Changing Internal Decision-Making Processes on Policy Development and Citizen Engagement
Authors: Gauja Anika 
Published: December 2013

Research Highlights and Abstract This article Applies the theoretical framework of ‘individualisation’ to political parties and policy participation. Suggests a new model of policy development in social democratic parties where increased prominence is given to ordinary citizens and supporters. Presents illustrative case studies of new forms of policy participation, including community consultations and online forums in the UK Labour Party and the Australian Labor Party. Assesses the implications of individualisation on political parties as sites for policy-making, participation and representation. This article examines the changing nature of the connection between citizens, party members and elites in the creation of party policy through the theoretical prism of individualisation. Using qualitative case studies of recent policy-making initiatives in the Australian Labor Party and the UK Labour Party, the article develops a new model of policy transferal that is not built upon the mass-party model of parliamentary politics, but rather upon organisational evolutions such as community consultations, online participation and supporters' networks. These evolutions, or reforms, typically emphasise the individuality of policy-making and accountability, promote new technologies for facilitating decision-making, and attempt to engage with a new style of politically active citizen. Each of these developments carries implications for how political parties facilitate participation, accountability and responsiveness in modern forms of representative democracy.
Can the use of quality assurance tools reduce the impact of surgical complications on the well‐being of obstetricians and gynaecologists in Australia and New Zealand?
Authors: Varughese Elizabeth , Janda Monika , Obermair Andreas 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundWhile adverse events primarily affect the patient, surgeons involved can also experience considerable distress.AimsThe aim of the survey was to assess the impact of complications on the day‐to‐day life, work and health of Australian and New Zealand obstetricians and gynaecologists and to evaluate existing support systems and coping strategies.MethodsA 43‐question survey on self‐assessment, quality assurance (QA) tools, impact of complications on individuals' health and relationships, and support available was emailed to fellows, trainees, subspecialists and subspecialty trainees of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RANZCOG). We collected 606 responses from a target population of 2296 (response rate 26.3%).ResultsWhen complications occur, sleep was affected of 80%, family and social relationships of 55% and physical health of 48% of respondents. The major sources of support were from colleagues (83%), family (82%) and medical defence organisations (73%), with professional bodies perceived as providing least support. Nearly 80% of respondents felt the need to talk to someone they trust during times of complications. Overall, 100% of respondents used at least one QA tool (62% used two, 26% three and 9% four QA strategies). There were significant differences between respondent groups in use of the QA tools.ConclusionsSurgical complications have a significant impact on the well‐being of Australian and New Zealand obstetricians and gynaecologists. Existing support comes from colleagues and family, but structured, unbiased support for surgeons from a professional source is urgently warranted.
Goat's milk allergy without cow's milk allergy: suppression of non‐cross‐reactive epitopes on caprine β‐casein
Authors: Hazebrouck S. , Ah‐Leung S. , Bidat E. , Paty E. , Drumare M.‐F. , Tilleul S. , Adel‐Patient K. , Wal J.‐M. , Bernard H. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackground and objectiveGoat's milk (GM) allergy associated with tolerance to cow's milk (CM) has been reported in patients without history of CM allergy and in CM‐allergic children successfully treated with oral immunotherapy. The IgE antibodies from GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients recognize caprine β‐casein (βcap) without cross‐reacting with bovine β‐casein (βbov) despite a sequence identity of 91%. In this study, we investigated the non‐cross‐reactive IgE‐binding epitopes of βcap.MethodsRecombinant βcap was genetically modified by substituting caprine domains with the bovine counterparts and by performing site‐directed mutagenesis. We then evaluated the recognition of modified βcap by IgE antibodies from 11 GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients and 11 CM‐allergic patients or by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised against caprine caseins. The allergenic potency of modified βcap was finally assessed by degranulation tests of humanized rat basophil leukaemia (RBL)‐SX38 cells.ResultsNon‐cross‐reactive epitopes of βcap were found in domains 44–88 and 130–178. The substitutions A55T/T63P/L75P and P148H/S152P induced the greatest decrease in IgE reactivity of GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients towards βcap. The pivotal role of threonine 63 was particularly revealed as its substitution also impaired the recognition of βcap by specific mAb, which could discriminate between βcap and βbov. The modified βcap containing the five substitutions was then unable to trigger the degranulation of RBL‐SX38 cells passively sensitized with IgE antibodies from GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients.ConclusionsAlthough IgE‐binding epitopes are spread all over βcap, a non‐cross‐linking version of βcap was generated with only five amino acid substitutions and could thus provide new insight for the design of hypoallergenic variants.
Cultural Conundrums: The Ethics of Epidemiology and the Problems of Population in Implementing Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Fiereck Kirk 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe impending implementation of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has prompted complicated bioethical and public health ethics concerns regarding the moral distribution of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) to ostensibly healthy populations as a form ofHIVprevention when millions ofHIV‐positive people still lack access toARVsglobally. This manuscript argues that these questions are, in part, concerns over the ethics of the knowledge production practices of epidemiology. Questions of distribution, and their attendant cost‐benefit calculations, will rely on a number of presupposed, and therefore, normatively cultural assumptions within the science of epidemiology specifically regarding the ability of epidemiologic surveillance to produce accurate maps ofHIVthroughout national populations. Specifically, ethical questions aroundPrEPwill focus onwhoshould receiveARVsgiven the fact that global demand will far exceed supply. Given that sexual transmission is one of the main modes ofHIVtransmission, these questions of‘who’are inextricably linked to knowledge about sexual personhood. As a result, the ethics of epidemiology, and how the epidemiology ofHIVin particular conceives, classifies and constructs sexual populations will become a critical point of reflection and contestation for bioethicists, health activists, physicians, nurses, and researchers in the multi‐disciplinary field of global health. This paper examines how cultural conundrums within the fields of bioethics and public health ethics are directly implicated within the ethics ofPrEP, by analyzing the problems of population inaugurated by the construction of the men who have sex with men (MSM) epidemiologic category in the specific national context ofSouthAfrica.
The role of climate in constraining the elevational range of theWaterPipitAnthus spinolettain an alpine environment
Authors: Melendez Leandro , Laiolo Paola 
Published: December 2013

The study of determinants of species’ ranges along elevational gradients may shed light on the ecological factors that constrain their distribution and fundamental niche. We analysed the influence of the climate, habitat at different spatial scales and topography onWaterPipitAnthus spinolettadensity in mountain landscapes across a wide elevational gradient. Variables associated with spring and annual temperature values were the main determinants ofWaterPipit density, especially at the lower distributional limit (700–1200 m asl), where the species avoided warmer areas. At high‐elevation sites (1600–2300 m asl), the main constraint to the species’ distribution was habitat structure and composition, with steep rocky areas being avoided. Highest densities were found in open but locally heterogeneous habitat at intermediate to high elevations, and the habitat variables that played a major role at the landscape scale were medium‐tall shrublands and woodlands, but with contrasting effects depending on elevation. These results suggest that different sets of variables may constrain density, and effects may differ at the upper and lower elevational limits, with climate being more important at lower elevations and local habitat more important at higher elevations. Ongoing global warming is likely to cause an upward shift in range boundaries of alpine species, but local habitat features could constrain the upward expansion, resulting in range contractions accompanying range shift.
Cumulative risk of developing prostate cancer in men with low (≤2.0 ng/mL) prostate‐specific antigen levels: A population‐based screening cohort study in Japan
Authors: Sawada Kiyoshi , Kitagawa Yasuhide , Ito Kazuto , Takeda Yasuo , Mizokami Atsushi , Namiki Mikio 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the natural history of men with low levels of baseline prostate‐specific antigen in terms of risk of increased prostate‐specific antigen, developing prostate cancer and also the likelihood of detecting clinically insignificant cancer in population‐based screening.MethodsA total of 10 653 men aged between 55 and 68 years with baseline prostate‐specific antigen levels of 2.0 ng/mL or lower screened annually were enrolled. The cumulative risks of increased prostate‐specific antigen and developing cancer were investigated. The relationships of baseline prostate‐specific antigen with clinicopathological features of screening‐detected cancer were also investigated.ResultsA total of 1405 men (13.2%) showed serum prostate‐specific antigen above 2.0 ng/mL and 68 (0.6%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer during the observation period. Cumulative probabilities of increased prostate‐specific antigen above 2.0 ng/mL over 10 years were 7.7%, 18.3%, 57.3%, and 88.7% in men with baseline prostate‐specific antigen levels of 0.0–0.5, 0.6–1.0, 1.1–1.5, and 1.6–2.0 ng/mL, respectively. The cumulative probabilities of developing prostate cancer at 4 years in men with baseline prostate‐specific antigen of 0.0–1.0 and 1.1–2.0 ng/mL were 0.05% and 1.10%, respectively. Patients with unfavorable clinicopathological features were diagnosed at 3 years, and at 1 year after the initial screening visit in men with baseline prostate‐specific antigen levels of 0.0–1.0 and 1.1–2.0 ng/mL, respectively.ConclusionsThe cumulative probabilities of increased prostate‐specific antigen and developing prostate cancer significantly increase with higher baseline prostate‐specific antigen ranges. Our database could contribute to the establishment of a natural history‐adjusted screening system in the future.
The national inventory of core capabilities for pandemic influenza preparedness and response: an instrument for planning and evaluation
Authors: MacDonald Goldie , Moen Ann C. , St. Louis Michael E. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundReviews of the global response to the 2009 pandemic of influenza A/H1N1 affirmed the importance of assessment of preparedness and response capabilities.DesignThe U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and partners developed the National Inventory of Core Capabilities for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/international/tools.htm) to collect data on coverage, quality, and timeliness in 12 domains: country planning, research and use of findings, communications, epidemiologic capability, laboratory capability, routine influenza surveillance, national respiratory disease surveillance and reporting, outbreak response, resources for containment, community‐based interventions to prevent the spread of influenza, infection control, and health sector pandemic response. For each of the capabilities, we selected four indicators. Each indicator includes four levels of performance (0–3), ranging from no or limited capability to fully capable.ResultsIn 2008, 40 countries in 6 regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) collected data using the instrument. In 2010 and 2012, 36 and 39 countries did so, respectively. Data collection at regular intervals allows changes in preparedness and response capabilities to be documented. In most countries, participants used the instrument and data collected to inform discussion and planning toward improving the country's level of preparedness for pandemic influenza.ConclusionsThe National Inventory provides countries with a systematic method to document the status of their capabilities with regard to pandemic influenza and to assess progress over time. The National Inventory produces data and findings that serve a wide range of users and uses.
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the hemagglutinin of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus induces cross‐protective immunity against Eurasian ‘avian‐like’ H1N1 swine viruses in mice
Authors: Castrucci Maria R. , Facchini Marzia , Di Mario Giuseppina , Garulli Bruno , Sciaraffia Ester , Meola Monica , Fabiani Concetta , De Marco Maria A. , Cordioli Paolo , Siccardi Antonio , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Donatelli Isabella 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo examine cross‐reactivity between hemagglutinin (HA) derived from A/California/7/09 (CA/09) virus and that derived from representative Eurasian “avian‐like” (EA) H1N1 swine viruses isolated in Italy between 1999 and 2008 during virological surveillance in pigs.DesignModified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the HA gene of CA/09 virus (MVA‐HA‐CA/09) was used as a vaccine to investigate cross‐protective immunity against H1N1 swine viruses in mice.SampleTwo classical swine H1N1 (CS) viruses and four representative EA‐like H1N1 swine viruses previously isolated during outbreaks of respiratory disease in pigs on farms in Northern Italy were used in this study.SettingFemale C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with MVA/HA/CA/09 and then challenged intranasally with H1N1 swine viruses.Main outcome measuresCross‐reactive antibody responses were determined by hemagglutination‐ inhibition (HI) and virus microneutralizing (MN) assays of sera from MVA‐vaccinated mice. The extent of protective immunity against infection with H1N1 swine viruses was determined by measuring lung viral load on days 2 and 4 post‐challenge.Results and ConclusionsSystemic immunization of mice with CA/09‐derived HA, vectored by MVA, elicited cross‐protective immunity against recent EA‐like swine viruses. This immune protection was related to the levels of cross‐reactive HI antibodies in the sera of the immunized mice and was dependent on the similarity of the antigenic site Sa of H1 HAs. Our findings suggest that the herd immunity elicited in humans by the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus could limit the transmission of recent EA‐like swine HA genes into the influenza A virus gene pool in humans.
Book Review
Authors: Cooke Lynne 
Published: December 2013

Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective (New York, The Museum of Modern Art), edited by William Rubin, New York, 1980, 464pp., 550 ills, 208 colour pls, 181 reference ills, £25 cloth, £9.95 paperPicasso's Guernica by Frank D. Russell, London: Thames & Hudson, 1980, 334 pp., 450 ills, £12.50Proudhon, Marx, Picasso by Max Raphael, New Jersey: Humanities Press, London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1980, 174 pp., £8.50Picasso in Retrospect edited by Sir Roland Penrose and Dr John Golding, London: Granada, 1981 (first pub. 1973), 207 pp., 9 ills, £4.50Picasso, his life, his art edited by Domenico Porzio and Marco Valsecchi, intro. by John Russell, London: Secker & Warburg, 1979, 108 ills, 164 colour pls, £12.95 cloth, £6.95 paper.
MODERNISM AND MODERN ART HISTORY
Authors: Harrison Charles 
Published: December 2013

The Story of Modern Art by Norbert Lynton, Oxford: Phaidon Press, 1980, 382 pp., 212 ills, 85 colour pls, £13.95The Shock of the New; Art and the Century of Change by Robert Hughes, London: BBC Publications, 1980, 69 ills, 192 colour pls, £15.15
‘HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF AS FARCE’
Authors: Cherry Deborah 
Published: December 2013

German Romanticism and English Art by William Vaughan, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980, 308 pp., 173 ills, £22.50William Dyce, 1806–1864 by Marcia Pointon, with a foreword by Quentin Bell, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979, 229 pp., 163 ills, 1 colour pl., £28Sir Charles Eastlake and the Victorian Art World by David Allan Robertson, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978, 468 pp., 200 ills, 2 colour pls, £30.60William Mulready by Kathryn Moore Heleniak, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980, 287 pp., 200 ills, 8 colour pls, £25
Reviews
Authors: Lloyd Jill , Powell Cecilia , Tyerman Christopher , Mitchell John 
Published: December 2013

The Berlin Secession, Modernism and Its Enemies in Imperial Germany by Peter Paret, Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 269pp., 11 ills, 2 colour pls, £10.50Turner en France (Paris, Centre Culturel du Marais) edited by Jacqueline and Maurice Guillaud, 1981, 637 pp., 1,136 ills including colour pls, c. £15The Lindisfarne Gospels by Janet Backhouse, Oxford: Phaidon Press and Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1979, 96 pp., 42 ills, 28 colour pls, £5.95The Image of Augustus by Susan Walker and Andrew Burnett, London: British Museum Publications, 1981, 47 pp., 46 ills, £2.95The Gauls, Celtic Antiquities from France, London: British Museum Publications, 1981, 41 pp., 99 ills, £4.95
JACKSON POLLOCK, PAINTING, AND THE MYTH OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Orton Fred , Pollock Griselda 
Published: December 2013

Pollock Painting photographs by Hans Namuth, edited by Barbara Rose, New York: Agrinde, 1980, unpaginated, 61 ills, £14.95L'Atelier de Jackson Pollock photographs by Hans Namuth, Paris: Macula/Pierre Brochet, 1978, 104 pp., 80 ills, 50FJackson Pollock (Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, Musée National d'Art Moderne), Paris, 1982, 420 pp., 154 ills, 72 colour pls, 135F
ART FOR THE OLIGARCHS
Authors: Gaskell Ivan 
Published: December 2013

Gods, Saints and Heroes. Dutch Painting in the Age of Rembrandt (Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art) Washington, DC, 1980, 308 pp., 151 ills, 15 colour pls, c. £11Printmaking in the Age of Rembrandt (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts) by Clifford S. Ackley, Boston, Mass., 1981, xlviii and 322 pp., 248 ills, 8 colour pls, £70Carel Fabritius, Complete Edition with a ‘catalogue raisonné‘ by Christopher Brown, Ithaca, NY and Oxford: Cornell University Press and Phaidon, 1981, 168 pp., 106 ills, 4 colour pls, £30Adriaen van Ostade. Isack van Ostade. Zeichnungen und Aquarelle. Gesamtdarstellung mit Werkkatalogen by Bernhard Schnackenburg, Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981, 2 vols, I — Text, 335 pp., 126 ills, II – Plates, 266 pp., 631 ils, DM 540Frans van Mieris the Elder (1635–1681) by Otto Naumann, Doornspijk: Davaco, 1981, 2 vols, I – 292 pp., 208 ills, 10 colour pls; II – 224 pp., 257 ills, 1 colour pl, £120
REVISING OR REVIVING REALISM?
Authors: Pollock Griselda 
Published: December 2013

Painters and Peasants in the Nineteenth Century by Richard R. Brettell and Caroline B. Brettell, Geneva: Editions d'Albert Skira and New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1983, 167 pp., 161 ills in b & w and colour, £39.50Jules Breton and the French Rural Tradition by Hollister Sturges with contributions by Gabriel P. Weisberg, Annette Bourrut‐Lacouture and Madeleine Fidell‐Beaufort Omaha, Nebraska: Joslyn Art Museum in association with the Arts Publishers, Inc., New York, 1982, 148 pp., ills in b & w and colourThe European Realist Tradition ed. by Gabriel P. Weisberg Indiana University Press, 1982, 324 pp., 185 b & wills, £15
MAKING FACES
Authors: McWilliam Neil 
Published: December 2013

A Human Comedy: Physiognomy and Caricature in Nineteenth‐century Paris by Judith Wechsler, London, Thames & Hudson, 1982, 208 pp., 161 ills, £18.50Physiognomy in the European Novel: Faces and Fortunes by Graeme Tytler, Princeton University Press, 1982, 436 pp., 19 ills, £23.40Gavarni and the Critics by Therese Dolan Stamm, Ann Arbor, UMI Research Press, Studies in Fine Art Criticism, 1981, 216 pp., 20 ills, £36.75
ANTHROPOLOGY AND ART HISTORY IN AFRICA
Authors: Mack John 
Published: December 2013

Art and Death in a Senufo Village by Anita J. Glaze, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981, 268 pp., 82 b & w and 8 colour ills, map, appendix, glossary, bibliography, index, £25Mbari, Art and Life among the Owerri Igbo by Herbert M. Cole, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982, 262 pp., 76 b & w and 12 colour ills, 36 drawings, appendices, bibliography, map, £32.50Gelede, Art and Female Power among the Yoruba by Henry John Drewal and Margaret Thompson Drewal, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983, 306 pp., 170 b & w and 14 colour ills, map, bibliography, index, £32.50Art Royal Kuba by Joseph Cornet, Milan: Edizioni Sipiel, 1982, 343 pp., 308 b & w and 45 colour ills, maps, charts, bibliography, L 140