bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a materials samples collection to support the engineering curriculum
Authors: Magnoni Dee , Offenbacher Charles , Kejriwal Ananya 
Published: October 2012

PurposeEngineers fundamentally solve problems. Engineering students are obtaining the education necessary to develop problem‐solving skills and tools. Olin College of Engineering was founded on the philosophy that a hands‐on, entrepreneurial, design‐centered engineering education would create engineers ready to solve current and emerging problems. This paper aims to discuss the philosophy and development of Olin College and the Olin College Library, and then to address its evolving materials collection.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the development of Olin College, its philosophy and discusses its evolving materials samples collection.FindingsOlin's library has embraced the college's philosophy through the development of a realia, or learning objects collection that supports multiple intelligences. Moving beyond these learning objects, library staff wanted to build a collection of materials samples that enhance the engineering curriculum, and specifically design, sustainability and materials science courses. Students use the objects to make project decisions and for inspiration. The hands‐on nature of the collection aligns with the pedagogical philosophy of the college. These objects are physically available and also are beginning to have digital representation. A growing partnership between the library and specific courses is helping build the collection, while subscriptions from vendors assure a steady growth of new objects.Practical implicationsThe collection requires three phases of thought and development beyond acquisitions: display of objects, storage of objects, and the digital representation of objects. The digital representation has several layers of development, from database building to metadata decisions to object photos to the workflow and policy decisions.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the philosophy and development of the Olin College materials samples collection.
Human resource practices, supply chain performance, and wellbeing
Authors: Menon Sanjay T. 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to identify management and human resource (HR) practices that lead to satisfaction with the performance of an organization's supply chain as well as employee wellbeing, and to develop recommendations for practicing managers.Design/methodology/approachAdopting an empirical approach, a Delphi expert panel study was first carried out to identify the possible impact of supply chain integration, particularly with regard to human resource management (HRM) policies and practices. Then, using a survey of 228 supply chain professionals, hypotheses linking satisfaction with supply chain performance to non‐traditional HR practices, training, and team organization were tested.FindingsThe Delphi study identified specific HR practices, such as flexible job descriptions and teamwork training that would need to accompany successful supply chain integration. Regression results indicate that flexible job descriptions, team organization, teamwork training, and the use of performance metrics to determine rewards, are significantly related to satisfaction with supply chain performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe Delphi results are subjective by nature and the cross‐sectional survey design limits inferences of causality.Practical implicationsThis paper identifies management and HR practices that lead to satisfaction with supply chain performance, which is particularly relevant to modern industrial organizations where the trend is toward inter‐organizational networks in the form of integrated supply chains. Implications for employee wellbeing are also discussed.Originality/valueThis paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach and links HRM practice with supply chain management; two separate fields with their own research traditions.
The influence of face and group orientation on the perception of luxury goods
Authors: Le Monkhouse Lien , Barnes Bradley R. , Stephan Ute 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe paper aims to further extend our understanding by assessing the extent to which two prominent cultural values in East Asia i.e. face saving and group orientation drive consumers’ perceptions of luxury goods across four East Asian markets.Design/methodology/approachA multi‐methods research approach was adopted consisting of: an expert panel of close to 70 participants, group discussions with five extended East Asian families, personal interviews with eight East Asian scholars, a pilot test with over 50 East Asian graduate students and a multi‐market survey of 443 consumer respondents in Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore and Hanoi.FindingsThe authors extend previous conceptual studies by empirically investigating the impact of these two cultural values on the perception of luxury among East Asian societies. Specifically the study reveals that across all four markets face saving has the strongest influence on the conspicuous and hedonistic dimensions of luxury, group orientation meanwhile is the strongest predictor of the quality, extended self and exclusivity dimensions of luxury. Collectively these two cultural values significantly influence East Asian perceptions of luxury. Overall, the findings reiterate the importance of understanding different cultural values and their influence across different East Asian societies.Practical implicationsThe findings have important implications for managers of western luxury branded goods that are seeking to penetrate East Asian markets or seek to serve East Asian consumers. Specifically, to assist with developing suitable brand positioning, products, services, communications and pricing strategies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to our understanding of the subject by exploring the impact of face saving and group orientation on the perception of luxury goods across four East Asian countries. Several directions for future research are suggested.
Professional discourses and resistance to change
Authors: Pieterse Jos H. , Caniëls Marjolein C.J. , Homan Thijs 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how resistance to change might be a consequence of differences in professional discourse of professional groups working together in a change program.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses discourse analysis and rubrics to study the implementation of a new ICT system for an airline. Data for this case study were collected in semi‐structured interviews, desk research, participant observations and a diagnostic workshop.FindingsThe data suggest that the non‐aligned interaction between different professional discourses can be a source of resistance to change, in addition to other well‐known sources of resistance to change in the change management literature. Future research regarding change management should incorporate linguistics and discourse analysis. Investigating resistance to change could be done comprehensively, paying attention to differences in professional cultures in cross‐functional (project) teams. A managerial implication of the study is that making differences in professional discourses explicit is a constant point of attention in (project) teams.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors' choices with regard to the sample size and methods limit the generalisability of the results. However, these choices were instrumental in reaching a rich set of data, which enabled the authors to get an understanding of the conversational dynamics in the case.Originality/valueThe paper argues that change programs contain subjective, informal and linguistic dimensions which might give reasons for understanding resistance to change in new ways. The theoretical contribution of the paper is that it integrates change management literature with linguistic literature about professional discourse.
Utilizing identity‐based resistance for diversity change: a narrative approach
Authors: Mahadevan Jasmin 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThis article seeks to analyze retrospective and emergent narratives in a changing organization. It aims to uncover the emic meanings of resistance to diversity change.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on interpretative research in a German high‐tech company, informed by the anthropological frame of mind.FindingsThe organization studied needs to cope with an increasing number of foreign employees. As narrative analysis showed, English language and diversity are associated negatively with an organizational dark age. In the past, a focus on sameness and on German language has been a successful counter‐strategy. Yet, in the present, this strategy forces German and non‐German employees into a dichotomist relationship that hinders diversity change. Through narrative analysis, other values of the past, such as caring for each other, and the metaphor of organization as family, are discovered. These concepts are highly adaptable to the new present and should be supported and facilitated in order to create trans‐cultural sameness.Research limitations/implicationsThe contribution of this article is to show how to utilize identity‐based resistance for organizational change, in this case diversity change. Emergent and retrospective narratives of the self are a viable tool of analysis.Originality/valueIdentity‐based resistance to change originates in the inability to link the past collective self to present conditions. This is often seen as an obstacle to change. This article uncovers the emic meanings of resistance, thereby utilizing it for diversity change.
Playing the HR field
Authors: Bell Gareth 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe aim of the article is to provide the text of an interview with Dr R. Wayne PaceDesign/methodology/approachGareth Bell interviews R. Wayne Pace, founding president of the Academy of Human Resource Development, and author of Human Resource Development: the Field.FindingsFew people have been as prolific in the field of human resource development as Dr R. Wayne Pace. He is author of over 30 books and 100 articles, specializing in human resource development, organizational change, and organizational communication. He has also served as corporate advisor to training and development consultancies QuickKnowledge, Anchor Point Institute, and STS International.Originality/valueThe article provides an interview with one of the most respected figures in the field of human resource development, who gives his views on the challenges HR practitioners are faced with today.
Microbial mediation of plant competition and community structure
Authors: Hodge Angela , Fitter Alastair H. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

The drivers behind plant competition and diversity have long been debated, and there is acceptance that soil micro‐organisms may act as key drivers in plant interactions and community structure. The evidence for a microbial role in shaping plant interactions and communities will be considered here with emphasis on symbionts and pathogens.
Microbial populations are themselves strongly influenced by the plant community via the ‘rhizosphere’ effect. The rhizosphere community includes microbes both beneficial and detrimental to the plant. Both the ability of plants to cultivate different rhizosphere microbial populations and the resulting impact upon other plant species have largely been studied via ‘plant–soil’ feedback studies, a proxy necessitated by the fact the majority of soil micro‐organisms are unculturable, but which nevertheless has rarely been used in conjunction with modern techniques to identify and quantify the micro‐organisms involved.
Both microbial symbionts and pathogens can affect plant diversity and productivity, but the direct evidence for impacts on competitive interactions is surprisingly scarce. Evidence comes from biological invasions, the unintentional introduction of microbial pathogens to native plant communities and manipulative experiments under both field and controlled conditions. Pathogens generally have direct effects on plants, reducing their growth and so rendering them less competitive, whereas other symbionts may act by altering the availability of resources, with more subtle effects on competitive interactions.
Some of the best evidence for indirect effects comes from studies on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. New developments in our understanding of nutrient exchange in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis emphasize the need to view the fungal partners not as mere extensions of the plant. The suggestion that AM fungi may act to share resources among connected plants however remains to be proved.
Although plant competitive interactions can be driven by key microbial groups including symbionts and pathogens, knowledge gaps in the basic biology of these micro‐organisms has hindered a full mechanistic understanding of these processes. If ecologists now embrace new technologies, significant advances in this area should be forthcoming.
Risk factors of catheter‐associated urinary tract infections in paediatric surgical patients
Authors: Boybeyi Özlem , Karnak İbrahim , Ciftci Arbay Özden , Tanyel Feridun Cahit , Şenocak Mehmet Emin 
Published: October 2012

AimHospital‐acquired urinary tract infection (HAUTI) is an important issue that causes morbidity/mortality. We present a prospective study to identify the risk factors of HAUTI in catheterized patients hospitalized in a paediatric surgery unit.MethodsPatients catheterized before/after surgery were evaluated. A total of 112 patients were followed up. Simultaneous urine analysis was conducted, and urine culture was obtained 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 days after catheterization. Patients taking antibiotics just before hospitalization or those who had urinary tract infections (UTI) just before catheterization were excluded. The age, sex, date of hospitalization, timing of catheterization, duration of catheterization, associating urinary tract anomalies, history of UTI, conditions at time of catheterization and antibiotic usage of patients were noted. The frequency of UTI and duration of catheterization were crossed. Patients catheterized during same period of time, who had UTI, were evaluated according to conditions at time of catheterization, associating urinary tract anomalies and antibiotic usage.ResultsPatients who had positive culture results were catheterized longer (13.4 ± 9.8 days vs 6 ± 5 days, P = 0.042). The duration of preoperative antibiotic usage was greater in cases with positive culture results (3.8 ± 5.2 days vs 0.8 ± 4.8 days, P = 0.003). The infection rate detected was higher in patients who were catheterized in units, rather than in an operating room (P = 0.030).ConclusionThe most important risk factors of catheter‐associated UTI (CAUTI) are increased duration of catheterization, inappropriate conditions during catheterization and preoperative antibiotic usage. Urinary catheterization is an important risk factor of HAUTI in paediatric surgery units. The length of catheterization and antibiotic usage should be much shorter, and conditions during catheterization should be strictly sterile in order to prevent CAUTI.
Self‐Efficacy as a Predictor of Outcome After Residential Treatment Programs for Alcohol Dependence: Simply Ask the Patient One Question!
Authors: Ludwig Fabian , Tadayon‐Manssuri Elvira , Strik Werner , Moggi Franz 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSelf‐efficacy has been identified as one of the most consistent variables that predict the outcome of alcohol treatment. However, many previous studies in this field failed to control for other important predictors (e.g., dependences severity, psychiatric symptoms, and treatment goal). Our study's first goal was to evaluate the predictive value of self‐efficacy when most other relevant variables were statistically controlled. The second goal was to compare the predictive values of self‐efficacy assessed with the Situational Confidence Questionnaire (SCQ), and general self‐efficacy assessed with a single question.MethodsFour hundred and fifteen patients with alcohol dependence from 12 residential alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment programs were assessed at treatment admission, discharge, and the 1‐year follow‐up. A stepwise logistic regression for abstinence was calculated using all predictors. For those predictors that were significant, a Cox survival regression analysis was performed to predict the time to the first drink after discharge.ResultsOnly abstinence as treatment goal, alcohol use during treatment, and general self‐efficacy as measured by 1 question were revealed to be significant predictors in the stepwise regression, whereas all other variables, including self‐efficacy as measured by the SCQ, were not significantly associated with abstinence at the 1‐year follow‐up. Cox survival regression analysis showed a significant difference in the time to first alcohol use between patients with maximum general self‐efficacy and those with lower general self‐efficacy, when the other 2 significant variables were controlled for.ConclusionsGeneral self‐efficacy, that is, the patients' own prognosis of his success in remaining abstinent, was a central variable in predicting residential alcohol dependence treatment outcome. Self‐efficacy showed a more accurate prognosis of outcome when it was assessed with just 1 question, than when assessed with the SCQ. With this simplified assessment, knowledge of the prognostic value of self‐efficacy could be made applicable for everyday practice.
Bacterial contamination of the fitting surfaces of restorations in teeth with pulp and periapical disease: a scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Kwang S , Abbott PV 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground : The aim of this study was to evaluate the fitting surfaces of restorations in teeth with infected root canal systems and apical periodontitis to determine whether the restoration‐tooth interface is a potential pathway for bacterial penetration.Methods : Thirty clinically satisfactory restorations were sectioned and removed from teeth that had infected root canal systems and apical periodontitis. In the control group, three clinically satisfactory restorations were sectioned and removed from extracted teeth with clinically healthy pulps. In order to confirm the clinical diagnosis of a healthy pulp, histological examination was performed. All restorations were placed in 10% formalin immediately and then prepared for examination using scanning electron microscopy. The degree of bacterial contamination on each restoration was recorded as low, moderate or high. The morphotypes observed were classified as cocci, filaments, rods or spirochaetes.Results : The fitting surfaces of all restorations in both experimental and control groups showed signs of bacterial contamination.Conclusions : This study has demonstrated the presence of bacteria on the fitting surfaces of restorations that were judged to be clinically satisfactory in teeth with infected root canal systems. The restoration‐tooth interface is a potential pathway for bacteria to enter teeth and infect the root canal systems.
Increased mean glucose levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenemia as determined by continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: ZHU JIE‐PING , TENG YIN‐CHENG , ZHOU JIAN , LU WEI , TAO MIN‐FANG , JIA WEI‐PING 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of hyperandrogenemia on glucose metabolism in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Design. Cohort study. Setting. Reproductive Endocrinology Clinic of the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital. Sample. Fifty‐three patients were recruited from June 2008 to December 2009, including 28 women with hyperandrogenism and 25 without hyperandrogenemia. Methods. Anthropometric parameters, including weight, height, body mass index and waist‐to‐hip ratio, as well as sex hormones, were measured. An oral glucose tolerance test, including fasting and two hour glucose and insulin levels, was recorded. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and patients underwent continuous glucose monitoring. Main outcome measures. Mean blood glucose level, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, frequency of glycemic excursion and the percentage of time of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia during a 48 h period. Results. No differences in age, body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, fasting and two hour glucose and insulin concentrations were observed between the groups. The hyperandrogenism group had higher levels of luteinizing hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (p < 0.05). However, continuous glucose monitoring showed that the minimal blood glucose and mean blood glucose were significantly higher in hyperandrogenemia group (p = 0.004). The percentage of time for hypoglycemia (≤70 mg/dL) was higher in the hyperandrogenemia group (p = 0.002). Conclusions. Polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with hyperandrogenemia had an increased mean glucose value, which may place them at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of tobramycin and a copper–tobramycin complex with superoxide dismutase‐like activity
Authors: Gziut M , MacGregor HJ , Nevell TG , Mason T , Laight D , Shute JK 
Published: October 2012

Background and PurposeAirway inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is characterized by accumulations of neutrophils in the airway and T cells in bronchial tissue, with activation of platelets in the circulation. CF patients are routinely treated with systemic or inhaled tobramycin for airway infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical trials have indicated an anti‐inflammatory effect of tobramycin beyond its bactericidal activity. Here, we investigate the anti‐inflammatory properties of tobramycin in vitro and consider if these relate to the ability of tobramycin to bind copper, which is elevated in blood and sputum in CF.Experimental ApproachA copper–tobramycin complex was synthesized. The effect of tobramycin and copper–tobramycin on neutrophil activation and migration of T cells and neutrophils across human lung microvascular endothelial cells in response to thrombin‐activated platelets were investigated in vitro. Tobramycin uptake was detected by immunocytochemistry. Intracellular reactive oxygen species were detected using the fluorescent indicator, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). Neutrophil superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and neutrophil elastase activity were measured using specific substrates. Copper was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy.Key ResultsTobramycin and copper–tobramycin were taken up by endothelial cells via a heparan sulphate‐dependent mechanism and significantly inhibited T‐cell and neutrophil transendothelial migration respectively. Copper–tobramycin has intracellular and extracellular superoxide dismutase‐like activity. Neutrophil elastase inhibition by α1‐antitrypsin is enhanced in the presence of copper–tobramycin. Tobramycin and copper–tobramycin are equally effective anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics.Conclusions and ImplicationsAnti‐inflammatory effects of tobramycin in vivo may relate to the spontaneous formation of a copper–tobramycin complex, implying that copper–tobramycin may be more effective therapy.