bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanopressing: Toward Tailored Polymer Microstructures and Nanostructures
Authors: Kao Yi‐Huei , Chi Mu‐Huan , Tsai Chia‐Chan , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: November 2013

A simple and versatile method is developed for preparing anisotropic polymer particles by pressing polymer microspheres at elevated temperatures. Polystyrene (PS) microspheres are used to demonstrate this approach. Depending on the mechanical deformation and wetting of the polymers on the substrates, polymer structures with special shapes such as barrel‐like or dumbbell‐like shapes can be prepared. The morphology of polymer structures can be controlled by the experimental parameters such as the pressing pressure, the pressing temperature, and the pressing time. The wetting of the polymers on the substrates dominates when the samples are annealing at higher temperatures for longer times.
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Antidromic sensory nerve conduction study of the digital branches of the medial plantar nerve: A novel method to detect early diabetic sensory axonal polyneuropathy
Authors: Squintani Giovanna , Zoppini Giacomo , Donato Francesco , Pineschi Elena , Donini Diana , Stoico Vincenzo , Moretto Giuseppe , Bonora Enzo , Morini Alberto 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Distal sensory neuropathy is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy. We developed a novel antidromic technique for assessment of distal nerve function for early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. Methods: Diabetic and control groups underwent standard and more distal sensory nerve conduction studies (NCS); sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of the proper digital branches of the medial plantar nerve were recorded with our method after stimulation at the sole and recording from digits I and II. Results: Comparison between controls and diabetics showed a statistically significant difference in mean SNAP amplitudes for all nerves tested. A higher percentage of abnormal SNAPs was obtained with our technique than with either conventional or more distal NCS in all patients. Conclusions: As compared with clinical evaluation and other NCS, our antidromic stimulation was the most sensitive method to detect abnormal sensory nerve conduction in symptomatic and asymptomatic diabetic patients. Muscle Nerve 50:193–199, 2014
Energetic BEM–FEM coupling for wave propagation in 3D multidomains
Authors: Aimi A. , Diligenti M. , Frangi A. , Guardasoni C. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYStarting from a recently developed energetic space–time weak formulation of boundary integral equations for wave propagation problems, a coupling algorithm is presented, which allows a flexible use of FEMs and BEMs as local discretization techniques. Emphasis is given to theoretical and experimental analysis of the stability of the proposed method. Several numerical results on model problems are presented and discussed, showing that both bounded and unbounded three‐dimensional domains can be efficiently addressed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The benefits, satisfaction, and perceived value of small business membership in a chamber of commerce
Authors: Noel Noel Mark , Luckett Michael 
Published: November 2013

Nonprofit chambers of commerce have a long history in western culture but little if any empirical research has been conducted to explore why a small business would join one. This study focuses on members' evaluation of chamber assistance programs and benefits and how they mediate the impact of satisfaction and the perceived customer value of paid membership for chamber services. A mail census survey of all 2019 members, in a large category‐four chamber of commerce, provided valid and reliable representation of existing membership demographics. Factor analysis identified four main benefits, whereas a LISREL model was applied to identify the mediating impact of relational benefits on satisfaction and perceived value. All four dominant benefits significantly correlated with both membership satisfaction and perceived value as did the correlation between satisfaction and perceived value. However, perceived value was found to have higher correlations with relational benefits than that of satisfaction. This study is important as it provides managers with a framework to identify and balance the benefits desired by the membership and adjust the level of expected satisfaction with perceived value in a nonprofit service‐oriented assistance organization. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acquired aplastic anemia (AAA): An initial survey of the North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium (NAPAAC)
Authors: Williams David A. , Bennett Carolyn , Bertuch Alison , Bessler Monica , Coates Thomas , Corey Seth , Dror Yigal , Huang James , Lipton Jeffrey , Olson Timothy S. , Reiss Ulrike M. , Rogers Zora R. , Sieff Colin , Vlachos Adrianna , Walkovich Kelly , Wang Winfred , Shimamura Akiko 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundRandomized clinical trials in pediatric aplastic anemia (AA) are rare and data to guide standards of care are scarce.ProcedureEighteen pediatric institutions formed the North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium to foster collaborative studies in AA. The initial goal of NAPAAC was to survey the diagnostic studies and therapies utilized in AA.ResultsOur survey indicates considerable variability among institutions in the diagnosis and treatment of AA. There were areas of general consensus, including the need for a bone marrow evaluation, cytogenetic and specific fluorescent in situ hybridization assays to establish diagnosis and exclude genetic etiologies with many institutions requiring results prior to initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (IST); uniform referral for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as first line therapy if an HLA‐identical sibling is identified; the use of first‐line IST containing horse anti‐thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine A (CSA) if an HLA‐identical sibling donor is not identified; supportive care measures; and slow taper of CSA after response. Areas of controversy included the need for telomere length results prior to IST, the time after IST initiation defining a treatment failure; use of hematopoietic growth factors; the preferred rescue therapy after failure of IST; the use of specific hemoglobin and platelet levels as triggers for transfusion support; the use of prophylactic antibiotics; and follow‐up monitoring after completion of treatment.ConclusionsThese initial survey results reflect heterogeneity in diagnosis and care amongst pediatric centers and emphasize the need to develop evidence‐based diagnosis and treatment approaches in this rare disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:869–874. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vinyl‐triazolium monomers: Versatile and new class of radically polymerizable ionic monomers
Authors: Adzima Brian J. , Taylor Steve C. , He Hongkun , Luebke David R. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Nulwala Hunaid B. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA set of eight functional 4‐vinyl‐1,2,3‐triazolium monomers were synthesized using copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne 2 + 3 Hüisgen cycloaddition. These vinyl‐trizolium monomers readily polymerized via free radical polymerization. The physical properties of the vinyl‐triazolium based poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are strongly dependent on the pendant functional groups. These polymers were characterized for glass transition temperature (Tg), solubility, and the thermal decomposition. The vinyl‐triazolium based PILs offer an efficient route to highly functional PILs with the advantage of facile synthesis and the ability to incorporate many desirable functional moieties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 417–423
Systematic Control of Size and Morphology in the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Abdulkin Pavel , Precht Thea L. , Knappett Benjamin R. , Skelton Helen E. , Jefferson David A. , Wheatley Andrew E. H. 
Published: November 2013

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) capped by poly(1‐vinylpyrrolidin‐2‐one (PVP, average = 10 000 kDa) yields moderately dispersed (6–8.5 nm) product with limited morphological control while larger NPs (15–20 nm) are reliably prepared using trisodium citrate (Na3Cit) as a reductant/capping agent. Excellent size control in the intermediate 10 nm regime is achieved by hybridizing these methodologies, with highly monodisperse, polycrystalline Au NPs forming. For a Na3Cit:PVP:Au ratio of 3.5:3.5:1, anisotropic NPs with an aspect ratio of 1.8:1 suggest the systematic agglomeration of NP pairs. Enhanced control of NP morphology is allowed by the 1,2‐tetradecanediol reduction of AuIII in the presence of straight chain, molecular anti‐agglomerants. Last, ligand substitution is used to controllably grow preformed Au seeds. In spite of the extended growth phase used, the replacement of phosphine by 1‐pentadecylamine affords highly monodisperse, cuboidal NPs containing a single clearly visible twinning plane. The allowance of particle growth parallel to this close‐packed plane explains the remarkable particle morphology.
Expectancy‐Value Models for the STEM Persistence Plans of Ninth‐Grade, High‐Ability Students: A Comparison Between Black, Hispanic, and White Students
Authors: ANDERSEN LORI , WARD THOMAS J. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTGroup differences in the effects of the expectancies and values that high‐ability students have for science and mathematics on plans to persist in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) were investigated. A nationally representative sample of ninth‐grade students, the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS: 2009;n= 21,444) was used. The analytic sample was 1,757 (48% female, 52% male) Black (13.8%), Hispanic (26.7%), and White (59.6%) students who scored in the top 10% of their race group on the mathematics achievement test. Hierarchical logistic regression models were developed for each race/ethnicity group to examine the relationships of demographic and expectancy‐value variables with STEM persistence status. Science attainment value, science intrinsic value, and STEM utility value were predictive of STEM persistence, but these variables operated differently in groups of Black, Hispanic, and White students. Implications for educators include the need for ways to improve perceptions of science identity and awareness of the utility of science and mathematics courses.
Modern water and its discontents: a history of hydrosocial renewal
Authors: Linton Jamie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWater planning and management in the 20th century were characterized by a particular way of understanding and relating to water that may be described in terms of ‘modern water’. Essentially, modern water is a way of knowing, accounting for, and representing water apart from its social context. Modern water replaced a wealth of different waters whose essence was defined by the social circumstances in which they occurred, rather than by the compound of oxygen and hydrogen to which all waters may be reduced. This paper traces the history of modern water and describes its current retreat in the face of circumstances that call for the resocialization of waters. Several examples of this resocialization are given, including a new way of representing hydrosocial relations known as the ‘hydrosocial cycle’, the campaign for the human right to water and emerging practices in water engineering and water management. WIREs Water 2014, 1:111–120. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1009This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Non‐cooperative game‐based packet ferry forwarding for sparse mobile wireless networks
Authors: Guan Xin , Chen Min , Ohtsuki Tomoaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn sparse mobile wireless networks, normally, the mobile nodes are carried by people, and the moving activity of nodes always happens in a specific area, which corresponds to some specific community. Between the isolated communities, there is no stable communication link. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure the effective packet transmission among communities, which leads to the higher packet delivery delay and lower successful delivery ratio. Recently, an additional ferry node was introduced to forward packets between the isolated communities. However, most of the existing algorithms are working on how to control the trajectory of only one ferry work in the network. In this paper, we consider multiple ferries working in the network scenario and put our main focus on the optimal packet selection strategy, under the condition of mutual influence between the ferries and the buffer limitation. We introduce a non‐cooperative Bayesian game to achieve the optimal packet selection strategy. By maximizing the individual income of a ferry, we optimize the network performance on packet delivery delay and successful delivery ratio. Simulation results show that our proposed packet selection strategy improves the network performance on packet delivery delay and successful delivery ratio. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on growth and physiological activity in Alnus sieboldiana at Miyakejima Island in Japan
Authors: Choi Dongsu , Toda Hiroto , Kim Yongsuk 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe used a physiological approach to investigate the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on Alnus sieboldiana Matsum. (A. sieboldiana) and symbiotic Frankia spp. in Miyakejima Island, which was devastated by volcanic action in July of 2000. In April of 2008, three study sites were chosen in the forest of Miyakejima Island, and were categorized as high, medium, or low in relation to their sulfur dioxide concentration (volcanic gas). Nine A. sieboldiana trees were selected from naturally regenerated forest at each site. The higher the SO2 concentration at the study site, the lower was the photosynthetic rate and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of A. sieboldiana and its apparent quantum yield. The acetylene reduction rate of the Frankia spp. symbiotic with A. sieboldiana was significantly less at the high SO2 concentration (p<0.05). The nitrogen concentration in their leaves remained high, however. There was no significant difference in the chlorophyll concentration (Chl a + b) in leaves from the three sites. The photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency decreased significantly in sites with a high SO2 concentration, however. As a result, A. sieboldiana regenerated at the sites with high or medium SO2 concentration underwent approximately 50–70 % less growth than at the site with a low SO2 concentration.
Ties that count: explaining interest group access to policymakers
Authors: Beyers Jan , Braun Caelesta 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe degree to which interest groups gain access to policymakers has often been explained by focusing on the exchange of resources in a dyadic relation between interest groups and policymakers. This article argues that the position an interest group occupies within a coalition and the relations it has outside its coalition substantially affect the likelihood of gaining access to policymakers. Our empirical focus is on the Dutch interest group system for which we examine how coalitions among groups and the network position of interest groups within and between such coalitions shape access. The analysis, based on data collected among 107 Dutch interest groups and 28 policymakers, leads to the conclusion that network positions count differently for elected and non-elected officials, and that network ties that bridge different coalitions add significant explanatory leverage to resource-based explanations of access.
On the free time minimizers of the NewtonianN-body problem
Authors: DA LUZ ADRIANA , MADERNA EZEQUIEL 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper we study the existence and the dynamics of a very special class of motions, which satisfy a strong global minimization property. More precisely, we call a free time minimizer a curve which satisfies the least action principle between any pair of its points without the constraint of time for the variations. An example of a free time minimizer defined on an unbounded interval is a parabolic homothetic motion by a minimal central configuration. The existence of a large amount of free time minimizers can be deduced from the weak KAM theorem. In particular, for any choice ofx0, there should be at least one free time minimizerx(t)defined for allt≥ 0 and satisfyingx(0)=x0. We prove that such motions are completely parabolic. Using Marchal's theorem we deduce as a corollary that there are no entire free time minimizers, i.e. defined on$\mathbb{R}$. This means that the Mañé set of the NewtonianN-body problem is empty.
Mothers' depressive symptoms and infant negative emotionality in the prediction of child adjustment at age 3: Testing the maternal reactivity and child vulnerability hypotheses
Authors: Dix Theodore , Yan Ni 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study examined individual differences in how mothers' depressive symptoms affect children's early adjustment. It tested whether problematic development among children high in negative emotionality is accentuated by (a) maternal reactivity, the negative reactivity of mothers with depressive symptoms to difficult child characteristics; and (b) child vulnerability, the susceptibility of negatively emotional children to the negative parenting of mothers with depressive symptoms. Based on 1,364 participants from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, results showed that mothers' depressive symptoms predicted greater risk for adjustment problems at age 3 among children who as infants were high rather than low in negative emotionality. Increased risk was evident for behavior problems, low responsiveness, high separation distress, and low social competence. Mediational tests suggested that increased risk reflected maternal reactivity: the stronger mothers' depressive symptoms, the more they responded with negative parenting to children high in negative emotionality. The proposal that child vulnerability mediates the greater impact of mothers' depressive symptoms on negatively emotional children was verified only for separation distress. The results support the proposal that, when mothers are high in depressive symptoms, aversive characteristics of children and their behavior increasingly influence early adjustment and do so because they elicit negative parent behavior.
Evolutionary conservation of early mesoderm specification by mechanotransduction in Bilateria
Authors: Brunet Thibaut , Bouclet Adrien , Ahmadi Padra , Mitrossilis Démosthène , Driquez Benjamin , Brunet Anne-Christine , Henry Laurent , Serman Fanny , Béalle Gaëlle , Ménager Christine , Dumas-Bouchiat Frédéric , Givord Dominique , Yanicostas Constantin , Le-Roy Damien , Dempsey Nora M. , Plessis Anne , Farge Emmanuel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe modulation of developmental biochemical pathways by mechanical cues is an emerging feature of animal development, but its evolutionary origins have not been explored. Here we show that a common mechanosensitive pathway involving β-catenin specifies early mesodermal identity at gastrulation in zebrafish and Drosophila. Mechanical strains developed by zebrafish epiboly and Drosophila mesoderm invagination trigger the phosphorylation of β-catenin–tyrosine-667. This leads to the release of β-catenin into the cytoplasm and nucleus, where it triggers and maintains, respectively, the expression of zebrafish brachyury orthologue notail and of Drosophila Twist, both crucial transcription factors for early mesoderm identity. The role of the β-catenin mechanosensitive pathway in mesoderm identity has been conserved over the large evolutionary distance separating zebrafish and Drosophila. This suggests mesoderm mechanical induction dating back to at least the last bilaterian common ancestor more than 570 million years ago, the period during which mesoderm is thought to have emerged.
Quantitative exploration of the molecular origin of the activation of GTPase
Authors: B Ram Prasad , Plotnikov Nikolay V. , Lameira Jeronimo , Warshel Arieh 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceThe origin of the activation of GTPases is explored considering the evidence that the transition state for the reference solution reaction involves a proton transfer between two water molecules. Ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical–based calibration of empirical valence bond surfaces of the solution reaction is used to simulate the GTPase activation process. The activation is found to reflect the same type of electrostatic stabilization obtained previously for the single water mechanism. The transition state proton transfer step does not appear to be rate limiting and thus is irrelevant to the catalytic effect. The calculated activation of RasGAP and EF-Tu reproduce the observed trend quantitatively and establishes its allosteric origin. We believe that our finding is general to all GTPases.
Nfatc1
orchestrates aging in hair follicle stem cells
Authors: Keyes Brice E. , Segal Jeremy P. , Heller Evan , Lien Wen-Hui , Chang Chiung-Ying , Guo Xingyi , Oristian Dan S. , Zheng Deyou , Fuchs Elaine 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Signs of aging often first appear in our skin and hair. As animals age, hair follicles spend more time resting instead of generating hair. Here we show that this decline is rooted in age-related changes in systemic, local, and intrinsic factors, which collaborate to reduce hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity. We uncover a unique and hitherto-undescribed age-related role for bone morphogenic protein signaling and a downstream effector, nuclear factor of activated T-cell c1 (NFATc1). In young stem cells, NFATc1 is on when they are quiescent and wanes when they make hair. In aging follicles, NFATc1 and its target genes remain high too long. Importantly, NFATc1 inhibitors restore youthful behavior to aging HFSCs, providing unique insights into age-related changes in skin physiology.
Vouchers versus Lotteries: What Works Best in Promoting Chlamydia Screening? A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Niza Claudia , Rudisill Caroline , Dolan Paul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this cluster randomized trial (N = 1060), we tested the impact of financial incentives (£5 voucher vs. £200 lottery) framed as a gain or loss to promote Chlamydia screening in students aged 18–24 years, mimicking the standard outreach approach to student in halls of residence. Compared to the control group (1.5%), the lottery increased screening to 2.8% and the voucher increased screening to 22.8%. Incentives framed as gains were marginally more effective (10.5%) than loss‐framed incentives (7.1%). This work contributes to the literature by testing the predictive validity of Prospect Theory to change health behavior in the field.