bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daphnia's dilemma of adjusting carbon budgets when facing limitations by food quantity and the essential organic compound cholesterol
Authors: Lukas Marcus , Wacker Alexander 
Published: December 2013

SummaryWe studied the carbon metabolism in Daphnia when the amount of carbon (food quantity) and/or the content of biochemical nutrients (food quality) are limiting. Growth performances and carbon (C) budgets of Daphnia magna (assimilation, faeces egestion, excretion and respiration measured by [14C]-tracing) were analysed when animals were raised on different food quantities and concentrations of cholesterol, an essential biochemical food compound. Cholesterol is of special interest because it not only acts as limiting nutrient but also contributes to the overall carbon pool of the animals. As the tissue cholesterol concentration in Daphnia is quite low, we hypothesized the selective exclusion of cholesterol from carbon budgeting and tested this by using radiolabelled cholesterol. Somatic growth rates of D. magna were highest at high quantity and quality and were reduced to a moderate value if either the food quantity or the cholesterol concentration was low. Growth was lowest at low food quantity and quality. The measurements of C budgets revealed high regulative response to low food quality at high food quantity only. Here, low dietary cholesterol caused that bulk carbon assimilation efficiency (AE) decreased and that assimilated (excess) carbon was increasingly respired. Additionally, Daphnia enhanced efficient adjustment of C budgets when facing cholesterol limitation by (i) increasing the AE of the cholesterol itself and (ii) not changing cholesterol respiration which was still not detectable. In contrast, at low food quantity Daphnia has the dilemma to be unable to adjust for low food quality emphasizing that food quantity limitation could overrule food quality effects.
Adult fruit fly attraction to larvae biases experience and mediates social learning
Authors: Durisko Zachary , Anderson Blake , Dukas Reuven 
Published: December 2013

Summary
We investigated whether adult fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) use cues of larvae as social information in their food patch choice decisions. Adult male and female fruit flies showed attraction to odours emanating from foraging larvae, and females preferred to lay eggs on food patches occupied by larvae over similar unoccupied patches. Females learned and subsequently preferred to lay eggs at patches with novel flavours previously associated with feeding larvae over patches with novel flavours previously associated with no larvae. However, when we controlled for the duration of exposure to each flavoured patch, females no longer preferred the flavour previously associated with feeding larvae. This suggests that social learning in this context is indirect, due to strong social attraction biasing experience.
Syntheses and Properties of Buckybowls Bearing Electron-withdrawing Groups
Authors: Schmidt Bernd M , Lentz Dieter 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This review provides an overview on recent advances in the novel field of electron-poor buckybowls. Whereas buckybowl chemistry has now been studied for more than two decades, only recent developments have drawn attention to this type of compound. The syntheses of these buckybowls and their distinct and characteristic properties are described.
The phenomenon of «Born Global»: early internationalization of enterprises
Authors: Толедо  , Toledo John Jairo Gil 
Published: December 2013

According to Knight and Cavusgil (2004) a course that can be split to consider
the phenomenon of the Born Global, is to accept that the creation of new
enterprises is one of the fundamental pillars of the economic and social
development of a country, especially those of this type because they allow to
successfully address international markets, by the permanent implementation
of innovation processes the application of deep knowledge and skills in the field
of international undertaking on the part of their owners and through their
processes of export, leverage a distinctive mix of strategies and guidelines that
make it easier for them to get more successfully to internationalize your
products and services, making the process of internationalization of a country,
enabling the processes of trade between blocks, regions, countries, etc.
Colombia to increase the number of international treaties with various countries
in very different latitudes allows you to extend the possibility of participating in
a greater crucible of possibilities for trading goods and services; invites us to
analyze what is happening at this time with the formation of companies with
international orientation in our country; Government policies that support this
kind of intentions, the regulatory framework that underpins the processes of
enterprise internationalization, among other elements, and its impact on
employers, who are facing the challenge of meeting the new global demands.
The theoretical basis that occurs, is based on studies on Born Global companies,
obtained through interviews to this type of business in the city of Bogotá; such
as the innovative capacity of the latter, knowledge of international trade as an
alternative to successfully enter foreign markets, a significant number of
contacts abroad, international entrepreneurship culture, the permanent search
for effects of differentiating its products and services, allowing them to access
positions of privilege within market segments in that move.
SEARCH AND SELECTION OF EXPERTS ON THE BASIS OF SEARCH EXECUTIVE TECHNOLOGIES: METHODOLOGY AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Долженкова  , Dolzhenkova Yuliya , Руденко  , Rudenko Galina 
Published: December 2013

The executive search relates to the least understood among the
recruitment directions. However in recent years it is booming in
Russia and abroad. Its peculiarity is that the search for potential
candidates is performing among the experts who are employed and
not looking for work. Now there is scientifi c understanding of executive
search techniques and technologies, as well as formation of
its principles.
Problem of growth of indirect taxes in the russian economy
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: December 2013

Expansion of scales of application and to increase in rates of indirect taxes after
a world economic crisis leads to growth of losses of public welfare. Economists
analyze influence of indirect taxes on public welfare for the purpose of compromise
search between need of replenishment of the budget and the losses of
welfare connected with excess tax burden. The Russian economists almost
don’t pay attention to the analysis of influence of indirect taxes to public welfare.
In work the analysis of influence of indirect taxes on the prices, outputs is made
and is sold, profit of the enterprises and public welfare. The simplest microeconomic
models of the markets and firms are used. It is established that the increase
in rates of indirect taxes leads to a rise in prices, reduction of outputs.
The profit of the enterprises decreases, the excess tax burden increases, losses
of public welfare grow. Influence of indirect taxes amplifies at increase in elasticity
of demand. Rather influence of growth of the indirect taxes raised on ad
valorem rates isn’t great. At low level of profitability of the Russian enterprises
even growth of the indirect taxes raised on ad valorem rates, leads to essential
losses of profit. Influence of growth of the indirect taxes raised on firm rates
which size can be comparable to direct variable costs of production is most
considerable. Losses arrived and decrease in level of public welfare I can be
thus very considerable.
Integrated lesson of visual environment, visual arts and technology for the 4th grade
Authors: Папазьян  , Papazyan M. , Нестерова  , Nesterova N. 
Published: December 2013

The paper shows the organization and holding
of integrated lesson of visual environment, visual arts and
technology. In course of this lesson the learners of the 4th
grade get the first notion about the eastern neighbor of
Russia – Japan. During the lesson comes development of
regulative, cognitive, communicative educational actions
by the schoolchildren, teaches tolerance through the
experience of emotional-value attitude to the culture of
another nation.
Colpomenia bullosa crust (Phaeophyceae) stressed less by grazing than by abiotic factors in high intertidal rockpools in southeast Australia
Authors: Kain (Jones) Joanna M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The influence of stresses on the crust phase of Colpomenia bullosa, originally thought to be Ralfsia verrucosa, inhabiting rockpools above the lowest high water on Kainga Reef, SE New South Wales, was investigated. The mean densities of grazing gastropods Nerita atramentosa and Austrocochlea porcata were 107 and 59 animals m-2, respectively, with no seasonal variation. Some pools were more attractive to Austrocochlea than others. Herbivore impact on C. bullosa crust was assessed by collecting and examining feces and counting the number of crust filaments. Seasonal variations in grazing and in crust cover were not related in a way that would suggest a causal relationship. The calculated annual consumption was 7% of the crust. Grazing probably kept the crust clean of epiphytes. When local conditions isolated the pools from the sea for days, some crusts survived a known salinity of 127 psu and an estimated 175 psu. The crust of C. bullosa on pool sides survived up to 58 h of emersion, but complete drying on pool bottoms was lethal within 14 h presumably as a result of saturating salinity preceding complete drying. UVB-absorbing substances, assumed to be phlorotannins, were released by the crust during pool drying. It is concluded that high temperatures were the likely cause of both the slow growth rate and the high mortality of C. bullosa crust on Kainga Reef in summer.
Process Optimization for Foam Mat-Tray Drying of Passiflora edulis Flavicarpa Pulp and Characterization of the Dried Powder
Authors: Ambekar S. A. , Gokhale S. V. , Lele S. S. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) is a seasonal, tropical, pulpy fruit, known for a rich source of Vitamin C, antioxidants, and delicate flavor. Presently, freezing technique has been used to preserve the pulp. This article reports alternate method of preservation by foam mat convective air drying of fruit pulp under moderate temperatures. The optimization of process parameters, particularly air temperature, was done with subsequent mathematical modeling of the process and assessment of quality parameters by retention of physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of the fruit powder. Sixty degree Celsius was found to be the optimum temperature, and Henderson and Pabis model showed best fit to the drying characteristics data (R2 = 0.99). Diffusivity characteristics of moisture during drying were also studied. As drying temperature was increased, total color difference and rehydration ratio decreased, whereas non-enzymatic browning index, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant activity showed increase that was attributed to inhibition of oxidative enzymes and biochemical changes. Dried passion fruit powder showed overall acceptability in terms of organoleptic properties and total antioxidant activity.
Multimodality in translation: Steps towards socially useful research
Authors: Pedro Ricoy Raquel de 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study presents the results of a global survey of professionals in the multimedia industry which was conducted in 2011. Starting from the premise that the prevalence of multimodal communication in our societies has made “accessibility” a crucial concern and translation a necessity, the survey aimed to explore what perceptions are held by multimedia professionals regarding academic research into the translation of multimodal texts and to ascertain what types of study they consider most beneficial. The study is grounded on the belief that such research should neither exclusively serve business interests nor remain within the confines of academia, but rather be targeted towards social benefits. Thus, two key issues arise: first, how scholarly work can be tailored so as to achieve improvements in professional practices that will benefit society at large and, second, how the findings derived from such work can be effectively disseminated.The survey met with a good response from the multimedia community. This paper presents an overview of the participants’ profile, followed by the summary results of their responses. The ensuing findings are accompanied by references to existing research. These findings reveal a certain lack of awareness (and some distrust) of scholarly work related to multimodality in translation among professionals in the multimedia industry. However, they also indicate the existence of interest in the field and the willingness of the industry to engage with research that would enhance its processes and practices.Multimodal texts are, by definition, complex semiotic entities and when they are adapted for consumption by users belonging to different communities a variety of mechanisms are used (e.g. dubbing, subtitling, localisation, audiodescription). These are not restricted to modifications to the verbal make-up of the texts or to language transfer, and, arguably due to this reason, the vast majority of participants stated that wider interaction between translation and interpreting specialists, on the one hand, and experts working in relevant disciplines, on the other, is highly desirable. Thus, it will be argued here that a sound interdisciplinary approach to research into multimodality in translation is required in order to make scholarly contributions more socially useful.
Analysing business coaching: Using modal density as a methodological tool
Authors: Pirini Jesse 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this article I present an analysis of three extracts from a business coaching session captured on video. In business coaching the coach aims to help the client generate solutions to their own issues, often by finding different perspectives. However, there has been a lack of empirical studies focusing on the coaching interaction. Here I set out firstly to describe how the coach carried out the act of coaching, and to illustrate the use of higher and lower-level actions and modal density to focus on the detail of an (inter)action, while not losing sight of the whole. I analyse all the relevant communicative modes (Norris, 2011a), and focus closely on specific lower-level actions in the interaction. I use modal density (Norris, 2004) as a methodological tool to consider these lower-level actions as constituents of higher-level actions, and as a measure of participants’ relative engagement in various higher-level actions. Overall, I show that modal density and lower and higher-level actions can be used as useful tools for the analysis of business coaching at the level of the interaction.
Development of a Novel Polyclonal Antibody-Based Immunoassay for the Quantitation of Non-Albumin Urinary Proteins
Authors: Haigh Wallace B. , Guralski Donna M. , Arrigo Lisa M. , Letsinger Jack T. , Clarke Michele , MacIsaac Richard J. , Jerums George , Very Donald L. 
Published: December 2013

Background:
Better diagnostic methods to detect urinary proteinuria or albuminuria, important indicators of
diabetic kidney disease, are needed. Here, we describe the development and performance qualification of a new immunoassay
for the quantitation of non-albumin urinary proteins of 20 to 90 kilodaltons.

Methods:
Urinary proteins, purified from pooled, 24-hour, diabetic urines, were immunoabsorbed to remove albumin,
electrophoretically characterized, and identified by mass spectrometry. Sheep anti-urinary protein polyclonal antibodies
were immunoabsorbed to remove albumin reactivity. Major immunoreactive specificities of the polyclonal antibody were
identified by Western blot. A polyclonal antibody-based competitive immunoassay was developed and performanceevaluated.
An unpaired t-test (α = 0.05) and a receiver-operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the measurement
of 24-hour urinary protein excretion rates in distinguishing between normal, proteinuric, and albuminuric samples.

Results:
Approximately 380 mg of urinary protein was purified from 6.0 g of total urinary proteins. Mass spectrometry
identified more than 36 different proteins in the purified preparation. The anti-urinary protein polyclonal antibody possessed
significant immunoreactivity towards transferrin, IgG chains, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein,
prostaglandin-H2-d-isomerase, and alpha-1-microglobulin. The competitive immunoassay exhibited excellent analytical
and clinical performance. Measurement of urinary protein excretion rates could distinguish between normoproteinuric and
proteinuric samples (p < 0.0001; area under the curve = 0.6900) and between normoalbuminuric and albuminuric samples
(p < 0.0001; area under the curve = 0.8782).

Conclusion:
Measurement of urinary protein excretion rates using the urinary protein immunoassay is clinically equivalent
to laboratory methods of quantitating total urinary protein or albumin in identifying proteinuria and albuminuria.
The Effect of Socioeconomic Class and Immigrant Status on Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data from BARFOT, a Multi-Centre Study of Early RA
Authors: Andersson Maria L.E. , Bergman Stefan , Söderlin Maria K. 
Published: December 2013

Background:There have been no reports on the effect of immigrant status and socioeconomic status on outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Sweden.Methods:Between 1992 and 2006, 2,800 patients were included in the BARFOT study on early RA in Sweden. Disease Activity Score 28 joints (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), treatment and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria were registered. In 2010, 1,430 patients completed a questionnaire enquiring about demographics and lifestyle factors.Results:One hundred and thirty-nine of the 1,430 patients (9.7%) were immigrants. At baseline immigrants had higher mean HAQ (1.2 vs 0.97 for non-immigrants, p=0.001), DAS28 (5.6 vs 5.2, p=0.000), visual analog scale (VAS) pain (56 mm vs 45 mm, p=0.000), VAS global health (53 mm vs 44 mm, p=0.000) and tender joint count (TJC) (10 vs 8, p=0.000). These differences persisted for up to 2 years of follow-up (for HAQ, for up to 8 years of follow-up). Immigrant status did not have any effect on swollen joint count (SJC), ESR, CRP or EULAR response. Socioeconomic class did not have any effect on treatment or outcome.Conclusions:Immigrants scored worse in pain, function and TJC for up to 2 years of follow-up, but they did not differ from non-immigrants in objective measures of inflammation or EULAR outcome. This could be due to different perceptions of health and pain and/or the stress of immigration. Socioeconomic class had no effect on treatment or outcome, and this could be due to the relatively egalitarian society in Sweden.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Dietary Assessment and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Scores
Authors: Georgousopoulou Ekavi N. , Georgiopoulos Georgios A. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. 
Published: December 2013

According to a recently published editorial article in the
Open Hypertension Journal written by Anagnostis et al., [1]
adherence to a Mediterranean type diet was associated with
reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, by modulating
arterial blood pressure levels. Hypertension consist, both a
traditional risk factor with increasing prevalence among
older subjects [2] and specific subpopulations (i.e., metabolic
syndrome) as well as a high-yield target in means of primary
and secondary prevention. The common CVD risk scores
(e.g., Framingham score sheet, ESC SCORE) [3,4] that are
implicated in individual CVD risk assessment through easily
measured characteristics constantly incorporate arterial blood
pressure indices in underlying estimation models [3,4]. Accumulating
evidence [5] suggests that adherence to healthier
dietary patterns is associated with favorable CVD profile;
i.e., in 2008 the INTERHEART study with approximately
16,500 participants concluded that 30% of CVD deaths in
Europe could have been prevented through adoption of
healthier dietary habits [6].
Despite emerging associations between dietary patterns
and CVD risk, diet’s assessment has never been, directly,
incorporated into existing CVD risk scores [5]. Researchers
who added diet’s assessment into CVD risk estimation models,
reported incremental value of the dietary component
over traditional risk factors in terms of overall model performance
and improved reclassification of the true events
[7,8]. In addition, updating CVD risk estimation scores with
dietary information could improve the correct classification
rate of people at high risk. This suggestion is further reinforced
by the aforementioned editorial, which identifies unhealthy
dietary patterns as a risk factor for adverse CVD
events, independently of blood pressure status and lipid profile.
The individual CVD risk estimation is highly recommended
by the European guidelines for the majority of middle-
aged people, even without known CVD history [9]. Under
this context, classification rate improvement of the existing CVD risk estimation scores should be addressed as a
cardinal issue in terms of public health policies. Dietary patterns
assessment should be examined as the most promising
candidate parameter for incorporation into the existing CVD
risk estimation scores in order to upgrade current prevention
strategies.
Cardiometabolic Factors and Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Women
Authors: Mourouti Niki , Papavagelis Christos , Kontogianni Meropi D. , Plytzanopoulou Petrini , Vassilakou Tonia , Malamos Nikolaos , Linos Athena , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. 
Published: December 2013

Background:
Previous studies have suggested that individual cardiometabolic factors may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.

Objective:
To evaluate the association between individual cardiometabolic factors with breast cancer development.

Design:
A case – control study. Two-hundred-and-fifty consecutive, newly diagnosed breast cancer female patients (56±12 years) and 250, one-to-one age-matched with the patients, healthy volunteers (controls), were studied. A standardized, validated questionnaire assessing various socio-demographic, clinical, lifestyle and dietary characteristics, was applied through face-to-face interviews. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the 11-components MedDietScore (theoretical range 0-55). A detailed medical history regarding the common co-morbidities (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia) and their treatment was also recorded, while women were also categorized using the Body Mass Index (BMI) as an indicator of obesity.

Results:
Obesity (i.e., BMI>30 kg/m2) was positively associated with the likelihood of having breast cancer.

Conclusions:
With the exception of obesity, none of the other tested cardiometabolic risk factors seemed to be a predisposing factor for breast cancer development.
A study of branching patterns in Bazzania (Jungermanniales, Lepidoziaceae)
Authors: Meagher David 
Published: December 2013

Abstract Branching patterns in the leafy liverwort genus Bazzania Gray were investigated in twenty-five Australasian species. Terminal branching was found to be neither consistently sinistrorse nor consistently dextrorse, and neither consistently homodromous nor consistently antidromous. Microphyllous ventral-intercalary branches arising from stems usually have ‘siblings’ arising from main branches. The production of leafy ventral-intercalary branches is not necessarily associated with the termination of stems or main branches. These results are contrary to previous ideas about branching in Bazzania.