bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct microbial communities are linked to organic matter properties in millimetre-sized soil aggregates
Authors: Simon Eva , Guseva Ksenia , Darcy Sean , Alteio Lauren , Pjevac Petra , Schmidt Hannes , Jenab Kian , Ranits Christian , Kaiser Christina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Soils provide essential ecosystem services and represent the most diverse habitat on Earth. It has been suggested that the presence of various physico-chemically heterogeneous microhabitats supports the enormous diversity of microbial communities in soil. However, little is known about the relationship between microbial communities and their immediate environment at the micro- to millimetre scale. In this study, we examined whether bacteria, archaea, and fungi organize into distinct communities in individual 2-mm-sized soil aggregates and compared them to communities of homogenized bulk soil samples. Furthermore, we investigated their relationship to their local environment by concomitantly determining microbial community structure and physico-chemical properties from the same individual aggregates. Aggregate communities displayed exceptionally high beta-diversity, with 3–4 aggregates collectively capturing more diversity than their homogenized parent soil core. Up to 20%–30% of ASVs (particularly rare ones) were unique to individual aggregates selected within a few centimetres. Aggregates and bulk soil samples showed partly different dominant phyla, indicating that taxa that are potentially driving biogeochemical processes at the small scale may not be recognized when analysing larger soil volumes. Microbial community composition and richness of individual aggregates were closely related to aggregate-specific carbon and nitrogen content, carbon stable-isotope composition, and soil moisture, indicating that aggregates provide a stable environment for sufficient time to allow co-development of communities and their environment. We conclude that the soil microbiome is a metacommunity of variable subcommunities. Our study highlights the necessity to study small, spatially coherent soil samples to better understand controls of community structure and community-mediated processes in soils.
Selection for greater dispersal in early life increases rate of age-dependent decline in locomotor activity and shortens lifespan
Authors: Ruchitha B G , Kumar Nishant , Sura Chand , Tung Sudipta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Locomotor activity is one of the major traits that is affected by age. Greater locomotor activity is also known to evolve in the course of dispersal evolution. However, the impact of dispersal evolution on the functional senescence of locomotor activity is largely unknown. We addressed this knowledge gap using large outbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for increased dispersal. We tracked locomotor activity of these flies at regular intervals until a late age. The longevity of these flies was also recorded. We found that locomotor activity declines with age in general. However interestingly, the activity level of dispersal-selected populations never drops below the ancestry-matched controls, despite the rate of age-dependent decline in activity of the dispersal-selected populations being greater than their respective controls. The dispersal-selected population was also found to have a shorter lifespan as compared to its control, a potential cost of elevated level of activity throughout their life. These results are crucial in the context of invasion biology as contemporary climate change, habitat degradation, and destruction provide congenial conditions for dispersal evolution. Such controlled and tractable studies investigating the ageing pattern of important functional traits are important in the field of biogerontology as well.
The role of sexual partner in women’s seeking for labiaplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alavi-Arjas Fatemeh , Nahidi Fatemeh , Simbar Masoumeh , Majd Hamid Alavi , Rastegar Fereshteh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The primary reasons for labiaplasty usually revolve around aesthetic, sexual, and functional concerns. Upon delving deeper into these issues, it becomes apparent that sexual partners play a controversial role in influencing women’s decisions to undergo surgery.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the impact of sexual partners on women’s choices to pursue labiaplasty.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted across electronic databases covering the period from January 2000 to February 2024. After removing duplicates, a total of 931 articles were retrieved by searching keywords in titles and abstracts.

Outcomes
The meta-analysis revealed that 36.7% of women who sought labiaplasty cited their partners’ negative comments as a factor influencing their decision.

Results
After applying the eligibility criteria and excluding irrelevant articles, a total of 12 articles involving 962 participants were included in the analysis. With the exception of 2 articles, the majority of the studies suggested a discernible influence of male partners on women’s decisions to seek labiaplasty. Frequently, sexual partners are not the primary decision makers, nor do they exert significant pressure when it comes to seeking labiaplasty. In certain instances, women seeking labiaplasty acknowledged that their sexual partners did influence their decisions, either by making disparaging comments about their genitalia or by directly pressuring or requesting them to undergo labiaplasty. Additionally, women might opt for labiaplasty out of fear of their partner’s negative remarks or to enhance sexual pleasure for their partners. For a more accurate result, a meta-analysis was conducted noting a considerable heterogeneity.

Clinical Implications
The findings of this study can be applied in prelabiaplasty counseling sessions to acknowledge and explore the role of the sexual partner in women’s decision making.

Strengths and Limitations
This study stands as the inaugural systematic review examining the impact of sexual partners on women seeking labiaplasty, encompassing all original studies exploring the role of the sexual partner. However, a notable limitation lies in the varied interpretations of the sexual partner’s role, that the heterogeneous nature of these interpretations poses a challenge to providing a more precise answer through meta-analysis.

Conclusion
Based on the findings of this systematic review, it is evident that sexual partners exert multifaceted influences on women’s decisions to seek labiaplasty. While not serving as the primary decision makers, women opt for labiaplasty with the aim of enhancing attractiveness in sexual relationships and mitigating potential negative comments from their partners.
Operando chemo-mechanical evolution in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes
Authors: Zhang Yi , Hao Shuaipeng , Pei Fei , Xiao Xiangpeng , Lu Chang , Lin Xing , Li Zhe , Ji Haijin , Shen Yue , Yuan Lixia , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Ni-rich LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCMxyz, x + y + z = 1, x ≥ 0.8) layered oxide materials are considered the main cathode materials for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, the endless cracking of polycrystalline NCM materials caused by stress accelerates the loss of active materials and electrolyte decomposition, limiting the cycle life. Hence, understanding the chemo-mechanical evolution during (de)lithiation of NCM materials is crucial to performance improvement. In this work, an optical fiber with με resolution is designed to in operando detect the stress evolution of a polycrystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (P-NCM811) cathode during cycling. By integrating the sensor inside the cathode, the stress variation of P-NCM811 is completely transferred to the optical fiber. We find that the anisotropy of primary particles leads to the appearance of structural stress, inducing the formation of microcracks in polycrystalline particles, which is the main reason for capacity decay. The isotropy of primary particles reduces the structural stress of polycrystalline particles, eliminating the generation of microcracks. Accordingly, the P-NCM811 with an ordered arrangement structure delivered high electrochemical performance with capacity retention of 82% over 500 cycles. This work provides a brand-new perspective with regard to understanding the operando chemo-mechanical evolution of NCM materials during battery operation, and guides the design of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Genotype-phenotype associations in Von-Hippel Lindau Syndrome: implications for screening
Authors: Murray Nicole 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease with an estimated incidence of 1:36,000. The type of germline VHLI alteration has been shown to impact downstream VHL expression and clinical phenotype. However, current screening practices do not differ based on VHL genomic subtype. We aim to assess genotype-phenotype association among an institutional cohort of VHL patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 69 patients (27 families) at the University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute from 1998- December 2023. 41 patients had documented germline testing in our system to define VHL type. VHL Type 1 was defined as those with nonsense mutations, deletions, and duplications and Type 2 as those with missense and splice mutations. Mean follow-up was 86- and 59-months for VHL type 1 and 2 respectively. We then evaluated the association of VHL type with risk of pheochromocytoma (Pheo), renal cancer (RCC), and hemangioblastoma (HB).

Results
We identified 24 unique VHL alterations among 41 patients. 83% (29/41) patients had missense mutations, 7.5% (3/41) had nonsense mutations, 17% (6/41) had splice mutations, and 3% (3/41) had a deletion. The median age at VHL diagnosis was 43 years old for type 1 (range 19-76) and 38 for VHL type 2 (range 4-67). VHL Type 2 was more common, 85% (35/41). All VHL Type 1 patients (6/6) developed RCC and HB. No patients with VHL Type 1 developed PheoPara. Of the 35 patients diagnosed with VHL Type 2, 20% (7/35) were diagnosed with PheoPara, 9% (3/35) with RCC, 31% (n = 11) with HB, and 37% (n = 13) were asymptomatic. No VHL Type 1 patients were asymptomatic.

Conclusions
VHL type 2 comprised the majority of VHL diagnoses in our cohort. Individuals diagnosed with VHL type 2 have the highest penetrance for: hemangioblastoma (hb), Pheo-Para, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In our study, 37% of VHL type 2 participants did not demonstrate any VHL manifestation. VHL type 1 had a high prevalence for RCC and HB, with a notable absence of PheoPara manifestation. However, majority of these patients (75%) were below the age of 20, and thus likely did not develop a manifestation yet. This cohort add to evidence supporting utilizing genetic VHL Types to personalize surveillance guidelines. Validation in larger cohorts with longer follow-up suggest that VHL type 1 patients could forgo pheo/para screening.
16 Linking VHL and SETD2 in a common oncogenic pathway that converges on the mitoticspindle
Authors: Dere Ruhee 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Loss of chromosome 3p is a landmark event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that results in mono-allelic loss of VHL (von Hippel Lindau) and SETD2 (Set-domain containing 2) (and other tumor suppressors co-located on 3p). Second hits in VHL inactivate this key tumor suppressor initiating tumor progression. SETD2, a histone methyltransferase, was previously shown to have a dual function in methylating both histones and microtubules, thereby contributing to both the histone and tubulin codes. Methylation by SETD2 on microtubules occurs at the mitotic spindle and is essential for normal mitosis and cytokinesis, with loss of SETD2 acting as a strong driver of apoptosis. This raises a conundrum of how cancer cells survive early mono-allelic loss of SETD2, escaping cell death.

Methods
Using biochemical kinase assays and mass spectrometry we have identified SETD2 as a substrate for AURKA. In addition, we have used immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays to probe phosphorylation on SETD2 and the impact of phosphorylation of SETD2 both on its chromatin and cytoskeleton targets.

Results
We have identified the mitotic kinase, Aurora kinase A (AURKA), as a regulator of SETD2. Our data uncover SETD2 as a unique substrate for phosphorylation by AURKA, with mass spectrometry identifying serine 2080 (S2080) as the site of phosphorylation on SETD2. We found phosphorylation of SETD2 by AURKA at S2080 contributes to its methyltransferase (i.e. enzymatic) activity on microtubules but does not impact chromatin methylation on H3K36 which remains unaltered. We show that VHL regulates SETD2 via AURKA, and loss of phosphorylation on SETD2 results in mitotic defects and genomic instability. Importantly, we demonstrate that inhibition of AURKA is synthetic lethal in the setting of VHL and SETD2 deficiency.

Conclusions
AURKA expression levels are high in VHL-null cells resulting from an inability of VHL to target AURKA for degradation and our data now highlight a direct link between VHL and SETD2, two tumor suppressors believed to independently drive RCC pathogenesis. In summary, our data reveal a tumor-specific vulnerability linked to mitotic fragility that can be precisely targeted to ultimately drive mitotic catastrophe.
DOD CDMRP Funding: yes
68 Use of artificial intelligence to derive International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) elements from unstructured medical records
Authors: Jaime-Casas Salvador , Ebrahimi Hedyeh , Man Kingson , Mehdinia Sina , Lu Kun-Han , Barragan-Carrillo Regina , Castro Daniela , Mercier Benjamin , Gebrael Georges , Tripathi Nishita , Chehrazi-Raffle Alexander , Chawla Neal , Salgia Nicholas , Zugman Miguel , Hsu JoAnn , Yip Wesley , Tripathi Abhishek , Pal Sumanta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence technologies invoking large language models (LLMs) may be able to automate data collection for the IMDC registry, an otherwise labor-intensive process. We evaluate a proprietary tool (HopeLLM) in expediting data abstraction.

Methods
We utilized a City of Hope-managed IMDC data set that includes patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. From this data set, we randomly selected patients who initiated care after 2018 and had sufficient treatment-related information within the Epic electronic health record system to determine HopeLLM performance. Patient identification numbers were manually extracted to prompt HopeLLM for data abstraction. We compared treatment start and end dates between manually registered information and HopeLLM estimations. The difference ratio in months was compared between the two sources. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was performed to quantify the rate of agreement between both sources.

Results
Among 513 records, 91 patients were randomly selected. A total of 164 lines of treatment were recorded manually in the registry, and 146 were recorded by HopeLLM. A total of 75 lines of treatment were unique to the registry, while 42 were unique to HopeLLM. There were 117 unmatched lines of treatment between the registry and HopeLLM, which were not considered for concordance analysis. We recorded a difference (median (IQR)) of 0 mos (0-0.09 mos) for start dates between the registry and HopeLLM, with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.99 (95%CI 0.99-0.99). We recorded a difference of 2.15 mos (0.46-5.54 mos) for end dates between the registry and HopeLLM, with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.92 (95%CI 0.88-0.95).

Conclusions
HopeLLM can streamline data abstraction from unstructured medical records onto the IMDC database, as it accurately predicts treatment start and end dates for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Distributions of Consecutive Level Spacings of Gaussian Unitary Ensemble and Their Ratio: ab initio Derivation
Authors: Nishigaki Shinsuke M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent studies of many-body localization in nonintegrable quantum systems, the distribution of the ratio of two consecutive energy level spacings, $r_n=(E_{n+1}-E_n)/(E_{n}-E_{n-1})$ or $\tilde{r}_n=\min (r_n,r_n^{-1})$, has been used as a measure to quantify the chaoticity, alternative to the more conventional distribution of the level spacings, $s_n=\bar{\rho }(E_n)(E_{n+1}-E_n)$, as the former makes unnecessary the unfolding required for the latter. Based on our previous work on the Tracy–Widom approach to the Jánossy densities, we present analytic expressions for the joint probability distribution of two consecutive eigenvalue spacings and the distribution of their ratio for the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE) of random Hermitian $N\times N$ matrices at $N\rightarrow \infty$, in terms of a system of differential equations. As a showcase of the efficacy of our results for characterizing an approach to quantum chaoticity, we contrast them to arguably the most ideal of all quantum-chaotic spectra: the zeroes of the Riemann $\zeta$ function on the critical line at increasing heights.
Investigation of the psychometric properties of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale in men with and without compulsive sexual behavior
Authors: do Espírito Santo Gonçalves Patrícia , de Tubino Scanavino Marco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have provided initial evidence supporting the association between compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and alexithymia, but these studies did not investigate the psychometric property of a measure of alexithymia in individuals with CSB, which is necessary.

Aim
This study investigated the factor analysis, reliability, and construct validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in men with CSB and control individuals.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 418 participants (304 individuals with CSB and 114 control individuals) who underwent a semi-structured psychiatric interview and completed the following instruments: the Sexual Compulsivity Scale, Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, TAS, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. The eligible participants were men 18 years of age or older who were literate and residing in Brazil. Individuals who met the diagnostic criteria for Goodman’s criteria for sex addiction were subsequently assessed for the excessive sexual drive (International Classification of Diseases–Tenth Revision F52.7) criteria. Those who met this second criteria were considered individuals with CSB. Participants who did not reach this point were considered control individuals. We conducted factor analysis, reliability analysis (internal consistency and temporal stability), and discriminant and construct validity analyses.

Outcomes
The outcomes included the TAS total score and scores on TAS factors 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Results
The extracted factors explained 44% of the variance in the TAS. Factor 1 explained 21%, but 3 items (items 2, 9, and 21) did not load onto this factor. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83, and the reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient) was 0.70. The TAS can differentiate between individuals with CSB and control individuals. The different forms of validity were demonstrated through correlations between factors 1 to 4 and the total score, as well as with impulsivity, hypersexuality, sexual compulsivity, and depression. Surprisingly, anxiety was only weakly correlated with factors 1 and 2. Moreover, the TAS-4 score was not correlated with impulsivity.

Clinical Implications
The TAS can be used in clinical practice to identify men with difficulties in recognizing subjective experiences, and proper interventions can subsequently be provided to these patients to increase their treatment efficacy.

Strengths and Limitations
Various dimensions of alexithymia covary with other key psychopathological symptoms of CSB. This study examined a convenience sample. The results cannot be generalized to the broader population. Factors 3 and 4 presented low internal consistency (0.50).

Conclusion
In general, TAS presented good psychometric properties in a sample mainly composed of individuals with CSB.
The underlying mechanisms by which boron mitigates copper toxicity in Citrus sinensis leaves revealed by integrated analysis of transcriptome, metabolome and physiology
Authors: Chen Xu-Feng , Wu Bi-Sha , Yang Hui , Shen Qian , Lu Fei , Huang Wei-Lin , Guo Jiuxin , Ye Xin , Yang Lin-Tong , Chen Li-Song 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Both copper (Cu) excess and boron (B) deficiency are often observed in some citrus orchard soils. The molecular mechanisms by which B alleviates excessive Cu in citrus are poorly understood. Seedlings of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan) were treated with 0.5 (Cu0.5) or 350 (Cu350 or Cu excess) μM CuCl2 and 2.5 (B2.5) or 25 (B25) μM HBO3 for 24 wk. Thereafter, this study examined the effects of Cu and B treatments on gene expression levels revealed by RNA-Seq, metabolite profiles revealed by a widely targeted metabolome, and related physiological parameters in leaves. Cu350 upregulated 564 genes and 170 metabolites, and downregulated 598 genes and 58 metabolites in leaves of 2.5 μM B-treated seedlings (LB2.5), but it only upregulated 281 genes and 100 metabolites, and downregulated 136 genes and 40 metabolites in leaves of 25 μM B-treated seedlings (LB25). Cu350 decreased the concentrations of sucrose and total soluble sugars and increased the concentrations of starch, glucose, fructose and total nonstructural carbohydrates in LB2.5, but it only increased the glucose concentration in LB25. Further analysis demonstrated that B addition reduced the oxidative damage and alterations in primary and secondary metabolisms caused by Cu350, and alleviated the impairment of Cu350 to photosynthesis and cell wall metabolism, thus improving leaf growth. LB2.5 exhibited some adaptive responses to Cu350 to meet the increasing need for the dissipation of excessive excitation energy (EEE) and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (reactive aldehydes) and Cu. Cu350 increased photorespiration, xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation, nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and abundances; and upregulated tryptophan metabolism and related metabolite abundances, some antioxidant-related gene expression, and some antioxidant abundances. Additionally, this study identified some metabolic pathways, metabolites and genes that might lead to Cu tolerance in leaves.
Role of sentinel lymph node biopsy with indocyanine green and site of injection in endometrial cancer
Authors: Raimondo Diego , Raffone Antonio , Aguzzi Alberto , Bertoldo Linda , Seracchioli Renato 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize the state of art on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in endometrial cancer, with a special focus on indocyanine green (ICG) as adopted tracer.

Recent findings
Over the years, the surgical nodal staging in patients with endometrial cancer has been intensively investigated. Traditionally, systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy represented the gold standard surgical treatment to assess nodal involvement of the tumor. Through the last two decades, SLNB has gradually replaced lymphadenectomy as a more targeted procedure. A great heterogeneity of tracers and injection techniques have been proposed to perform SLNB. However, no universally accepted recommendations are still available.

Summary
SLNB has nowadays almost replaced pelvic lymphadenectomy in low-risk endometrial cancers, offering a better safety profile while being related to a comparable nodal involvement sensitivity. Currently, ICG is considered to be the most used tracer among others. Different injection sites have been proposed, with different detection features. While ICG cervical injection is nowadays the suggested technique for SLNB, noncervical injection techniques, such as hysteroscopic and combined procedures, seem to have a better accuracy in para-aortic nodal assessment, which have a role in high-risk endometrial cancers.