bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remarks on control and inverse problems for PDEs
Authors: Fernández-Cara Emique 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with recent results and open questions on the control and parameter identification of systems governed by PDEs. Among them, we find a few parabolic and hyperbolic equations, sometimes in the framework of a free-boundary problem. In the considered control problems, we try to govern the behavior of the solution(s) with a good (judicious) choice of the data. On the other hand, in the other (inverse) problems, the goal is to identify the value(s) of unknown data from particular observations of the solutions. We will recall a collection of optimal control, controllability and inverse problem assertions and will explain the arguments of proof. We will also present the results of some numerical experiments. Finally, we will state several open problems that can motivate future research on the subject.
Primary surplus dynamics and fiscal sustainability in sub-saharan African countries
Authors: Woldu Gabriel Temesgen , Kanó Izabella Szakálné 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study analyzes the Bohn (2007) sustainability test, allowing for a quadratic fiscal reaction function to public debt levels over the period 2000–2019 for 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), employing a dynamic panel threshold model and other alternative estimation methods to investigate the reaction of fiscal policy and Dumitrescu–Hurlin Granger causality to identify potential causality linkages between government spending and revenue. Fiscal policy is found to follow a debt-stabilizing rule at a low to moderate level; however, fiscal responsiveness weakens when public debt to GDP ratio exceeds 55%, indicating that the use of primary surplus as an instrument to contain debt is insufficient when debt goes above the threshold, therefore jeopardizing the efficacy of fiscal retrenchments as an instrument to achieve sustainable debt reduction in SSA countries. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin result suggests a unidirectional flow from expenditure to revenue in SSA countries, implying that an increase in government spending has a substantial impact on widening fiscal imbalances and escalating debt levels within the SSA countries. Hence, governments in SSA countries should guarantee that public debt management strategies are in line with the public debt threshold to enhance fiscal sustainability. Considering these findings, this study highlights the importance of prudent fiscal management incorporating measures such as structural reforms, targeted investments, and prudent debt management strategies in SSA countries.
Mineralogy and rare earth elements spatial distribution in the carboniferous rocks of the eastern El Galala El Bahariya, Egypt
Authors: Ramadan Randa S. , Abu-zeid Mohamed M. , Baghdady Ashraf R. , Gad Ahmed , Dawood Yehia H. , El-hadidy Shaimaa M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Carboniferous rocks in the eastern part of El Galala El Bahariya were investigated using integrated field and laboratory techniques to determine their mineralogy, rare earth elements (REEs) distribution, and structural lineament density. The succession is mainly composed of argillaceous and minor arenaceous rocks, exhibiting variations in lithology across the study area. The essential minerals of these rocks are quartz, kaolinite, and illite. The accessory minerals include microcline, gypsum, anhydrite, halite, barite, hematite, pyrite, anatase and gibbsite, in addition to, the radioactive and REEs-bearing minerals such as uranophane, xenotime, monazite, and zircon. These minerals are reported in the rocks of the study area for the first time. The types, forms, habits, and modes of occurrence of the recorded minerals indicate multiple origins: allogenic–authigenic, and primary-secondary. REEs in the rocks exhibit enriched patterns with a negative Eu anomaly, likely due to low plagioclase content or and/or Eu removal by alteration processes. The distribution of REEs is influenced by textural attributes, with finer sediments in the southern part showing higher REEs content, ascribed to the high clay content and presence of gibbsite. The preferential mobility of LREEs is evident, explaining elevated LREEs/HREEs ratios in the rocks. Utilizing remote sensing techniques, lithological units and alteration zones were determined using decorrelation stretch and band ratio methods. The structural features, identified by Laplacian filter and edge enhancement, revealed the presence of NW–SE, N–S, and NE–SW faults that structurally regulate alteration zones and REEs distribution. These alteration zones are associated with clay minerals, REEs concentrations, and high lineament structure density. Spatial distribution maps highlight higher REEs concentrations in the southern part of the study area. These findings were validated using various analytical methods, including mineralogical and geochemical investigations, main component analysis, minimum noise fraction, decorrelation stretch, and spectral reflectance studies. They provide new insights into the REEs potential of the Carboniferous rocks and heighten our understanding of REEs genesis and distribution in the region.
Response to Shariff’s comments to my paper on his isotropic invariants (Shariff, 2023)
Authors: Itskov Mikhail 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the paper by Shariff (Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 76, 143–161, 2023) a functional basis of vectors and symmetric tensors based on eigenvectors of the first tensor is proposed. In the paper by Itskov (Mech. Soft Mater. 6(4), 1–3, 2024) a counterexample is reported demonstrating that the proposed terms do not generally represent isotropic invariants and cannot thus serve as a functional basis of symmetric tensors. In the latest response (Mech. Soft Mater. 6, 4, 2024) Shariff shows many examples of symmetric tensors for which his functional basis is valid but he does not really oppose the counterexample.
Taxonomic diversity and environmental tolerance of cultivable extremophilic bacteria from a high-altitude meltwater pond on Ojos del Salado (Chile)
Authors: Faragó Viktória , Megyes Melinda , Nagy Balázs , Borsodi Andrea K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarth harbors unique environments where only microorganisms adapted to extreme conditions, known as extremophiles, can survive. This study focused on a high-altitude meltwater pond, located in the Puna de Atacama, Dry Andes. The extremophilic bacteria of this habitat must adapt to a range of extremities, including cold and dry climate, high UV radiation, high daily temperature fluctuations, low-nutrient availability, and negative water balance. This study aimed to explore the taxonomic diversity of cultivable extremophilic bacteria from sediment samples of a desiccated, high-altitude, meltwater pond using media with different organic matter contents and different incubation temperatures. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were identified as members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. The most abundant genera were Arthrobacter and Pseudoarthrobacter. The isolates had oligocarbophilic and psychrotrophic properties, suggesting that they have adapted to the extreme environmental parameters of their natural habitats. The results indicate a positive correlation between nutrient concentration and temperature tolerance.
Graphical abstract
Certifying Accuracy, Privacy, and Robustness of ML-Based Malware Detection
Authors: Bena Nicola , Anisetti Marco , Gianini Gabriele , Ardagna Claudio A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are radically changing how systems and applications are designed and developed. In this context, new requirements and regulations emerge, such as the AI Act, placing increasing focus on strict non-functional requirements, such as privacy and robustness, and how they are verified. Certification is considered the most suitable solution for non-functional verification of modern distributed systems, and is increasingly pushed forward in the verification of AI-based applications. In this paper, we present a novel dynamic malware detector driven by the requirements in the AI Act, which goes beyond standard support for high accuracy, and also considers privacy and robustness. Privacy aims to limit the need of malware detectors to examine the entire system in depth requiring administrator-level permissions; robustness refers to the ability to cope with malware mounting evasion attacks to escape detection. We then propose a certification scheme to evaluate non-functional properties of malware detectors, which is used to comparatively evaluate our malware detector and two representative deep-learning solutions in literature.
Maternal Morbidity following Trial of Labor after Cesarean in Women Experiencing Antepartum Fetal Death
Authors: Kadish Ela , Peled Tzuria , Sela Hen Y. , Weiss Ari , Shmaya Shaked , Grisaru-Granovsky Sorina , Rottenstreich Misgav 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate whether trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC) in women with antepartum fetal death, is associated with an elevated risk of maternal morbidity. A retrospective multicenter. TOLAC of singleton pregnancies following a single low-segment incision were included. Maternal adverse outcomes were compared between women with antepartum fetal death and women with a viable fetus. Controls were matched with cases in a 1:4 ratio based on their previous vaginal births and induction of labor rates. Univariate analysis was followed by multiple logistic regression modeling. During the study period, 181 women experienced antepartum fetal death and were matched with 724 women with viable fetuses. Univariate analysis revealed that women with antepartum fetal death had significantly lower rates of TOLAC failure (4.4% vs. 25.1%, p < 0.01), but similar rates of composite adverse maternal outcomes (6.1% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.38) and uterine rupture (0.6% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.56). Multivariable analyses controlling for confounders showed that an antepartum fetal death vs. live birth isn't associated with the composite adverse maternal outcomes (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.21–4.44, p = 0.95). TOLAC in women with antepartum fetal death is not associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes while showing high rates of successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC).
Sustainable wardrobe: recycled clothing towards sustainability and eco-friendliness
Authors: Jaheer Mukthar K. P. , Nagadeepa C. , Selvaratnam Doris Padmini , Pushpa A. , Shukla Nidhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClothing is an essential aspect of our daily lives, but it comes with a high environmental cost. The production and disposal of clothing contribute to pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of natural resources. However, recycled clothing presents an opportunity to reduce the impact of the fashion industry on the environment. The present study aims to investigate the impact of product-related factors, personal factors, promotional factors, social factors, and environmental and economic factors on recycled clothing buying behaviour. The data for analysis was collected using a survey method both online and offline from a sample of 420 selected through convenient sampling. Using SEM analysis, the study identified that all five factors influenced recycled clothing buying behaviour. Notably, it was found that among the factors considered promotional factors exhibited a pronounced effect on recycled clothing buying behaviour. Intriguingly product product-related factors did not show a significant influence on buying behaviour. The result of the study provides new insights into the existing literature in the context of the study.
The global structure of astrospheres: Effect of Knudsen number
Authors: Korolkov Sergey , Izmodenov Vladislav 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The interaction between stellar winds and the partially ionized local interstellar medium (LISM) is quite common in astrophysics. However, the main difficulty in describing the neutral components lies in the fact that the mean free path of an interstellar atom, l, can be comparable to the characteristic size of an astrosphere, L (i.e. the Knudsen number, which is equal to l/L, is approximately equal to 1, as in the case of the heliosphere). In such cases, a single-fluid approximation becomes invalid, and a kinetic description must be used for the neutral component. In this study, we consider a general astrosphere and use a kinetic-gas dynamics model to investigate how the global structure of the astrosphere depends on the Knudsen number. We present numerical results covering an extremely wide range of Knudsen numbers (from 0.0001 to 100). Additionally, we explore the applicability of single-fluid approaches for modelling astrospheres of various sizes. We have excluded the influence of interstellar and stellar magnetic fields in our model to make parametric study of the kinetic effects feasible. The main conclusion of this work is that, for large astrospheres (with a distance to the bow shock greater than 600 AU) a heated rarefied plasma layer forms in the outer shock layer near the astropause. The formation of this layer is linked to localized heating of the plasma by atoms (specifically, ENAs) that undergo charge exchange again behind the astropause. This process significantly alters the flow structure in the outer shock layer and the location of the bow shock, and it cannot be described by a single-fluid model. Additionally, this paper discusses how atoms weaken the bow shocks at near-heliospheric conditions.
Shallow Soil Response to a Buried Chemical Explosion With Geophones and Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Viens Loïc , Delbridge Brent G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShallow sediments can respond non‐linearly to large dynamic strains and undergo a subsequent healing phase as the material gradually recovers following the passing of seismic waves. This study focuses on the physical changes in the subsurface caused by the shaking from a buried chemical explosion detonated in a borehole in Nevada, USA, as a part of the Source Physics Experiment Phase II. The explosion damaged the shallow subsurface and modified the frequency content recorded by 491 geophones and 2240 Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) channels within 2.5 km from surface ground zero. We observe a gradual shift of resonance frequencies in the 10–25 Hz frequency band in the hours following the explosion and develop a method to characterize the related logarithm‐type healing process of the shallow (i.e., upper ∼25 m) subsurface. We find that stronger levels of ground motion increase the relative degree of damage and duration of the subsurface healing; with the spall region exhibiting the largest degree of damage and longest healing recovery time. We observe coherent spatial patterns of damage with the region located to the southeast of the explosion exhibiting more damage than the southwest region. This study demonstrates that both DAS and co‐located geophones capture similar temporal changes associated with the physical processes occurring in the subsurface, with the high‐density sampling of DAS measurements enabling a new capability to monitor the fine‐scale changes of the Earth's shallow subsurface following the detonation of a buried explosion.
Internal Waves Force Elevated Turbulent Mixing at Barkley Canyon
Authors: Anstey Kurtis J. , Klymak Jody M. , Mihaly Steven F. , Thomson Richard E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubmarine canyons are hot spots for topography‐internal wave interactions, with elevated mixing contributing to regional water mass transport and productivity. Two velocity time series compare and contrast internal waves deep inside Barkley Canyon to a nearby site on the shelf‐break slope of the Vancouver Island Continental Shelf. Elevation of internal wave energy occurs near topography, up to a factor of 10 above the slope and 100 in the canyon. All frequency bands display strong seasonal variability but weak interannual variability. Diurnal (K1) energy is sub‐inertial, trapped along topography, and forced locally through barotropic motions. Both sites have high near‐inertial (NI) energy linked to wind events, though fewer events are observed deep inside the canyon. At the slope site, near‐inertial energy is attenuated with depth, while in the canyon it is amplified near the bottom. Freely propagating semidiurnal (M2) energy appears focused near critical shelf‐break and canyon floor topography, due to local and remote baroclinic forcing. The high‐frequency internal wave continuum has enhanced near‐bottom energy at both sites (up to 7 × the Garrett‐Munk spectrum), and inferred dissipation rates, ɛ, reaching 10−7 W kg−1 near topography. Dissipation is most strongly correlated with semidiurnal energy variability at both sites, with secondary contributors that are site dependent. Forcing power law fits are on the slope, and NI0.2 in the canyon. There is also a build‐up of “shoulder” energy (PSh) near the buoyancy frequency, with a power law fit to dissipation of PSh ∼ ɛ0.3 at both sites.
Dayside Magnetodisk Reconnection in Jovian System: Galileo and Voyager Observation
Authors: Zhao Jinyan , Guo Ruilong , Shi Quanqi , Tang Tao , Degeling Alexander William , Yao Zhonghua , Grodent Denis , Bai Shi‐Chen , Park Jong‐Sun , Ma Xiao , Chen Junjie , Zhang Binzheng , Wang Huizi , Tian Anmin , Zong Qiugang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMagnetic reconnection, an essential mechanism in plasma physics that changes magnetic topology and energizes charged particles, plays a vital role in the dynamic processes of the Jovian magnetosphere. The traditional Vasyliūnas cycle only considers the effect of magnetic reconnection at the nightside magnetodisk. Recently, magnetic reconnection has been identified at the dayside magnetodisk in Saturn's magnetosphere and can impact dayside auroral processes. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the dayside magnetodisk reconnection can also occur at Jupiter. Using data from the Galileo and Voyager 2 spacecraft, we have identified 18 dayside reconnection events with radial distances in the range of 30–60 Jupiter radii (RJ). We analyzed the particle (electron and ion) flux, energy spectra, and characteristic energy of these dayside events and compared them to the nightside events. The statistical results show that the energy spectra and characteristic energy of electrons/ions in dayside and nightside magnetic reconnection events are comparable. On average, the characteristic energy of ions on the dayside is higher than that on the nightside. Based on the limited data set, we speculate that the occurrence rate of dayside magnetodisk reconnection should be significant. The dayside Jovian magnetodisk reconnection seems to have a comparable effect on providing energetic particles as that at nightside and to be one of the key processes driving dynamics within the Jovian magnetosphere.
The Robustness of an Anti‐Noise BP Neural Network Inversion Algorithm for Ground‐Based Microwave Radiometer
Authors: Sun Shijie , Gui Huaqiao , Jiang Haihe , Cheng Tingqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ground‐based microwave radiometer (MWR) retrieves atmospheric profiles with a high temporal resolution for temperature and relative humidity up to a height of 10 km. These profiles have been widely used in the field of meteorological observation. Due to the inherent fragility of neural networks, one of the important issues in this field is to improve the reliability and stability of MWR profiles based on neural network inversion. We propose a deep learning method that adds noise to the BP neural network inversion (NBPNN) process. Comparison of the radiosonde data and NBPNN results shows that if the error of MWR brightness temperature is in the range of −2–2 K, the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of the temperature profile is 2.15 K, and the RMSE of the relative humidity profile is 19.46 % inverted by NBPNN. The results are much less than the errors of the temperature profile and relative humidity profile inverted by the traditional backpropagation neural network inverse method. From the comparison, we demonstrated that NBPNN significantly increases the inversion accuracy and robustness under the condition of errors in brightness temperature, which can reduce requirements for BT accuracy of MWR and achieve MWR long‐term stability.
Water‐Limited Hydrothermalism and Volcanic Resurfacing of Eridania Basin, Mars
Authors: Hughes Emmy B. , Wray James , Karunatillake Suniti , Fanson Grace , Harrington Elise , Hood Don R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Eridania Basin system, located in the martian southern highlands, may have hosted long‐lived lacustrine hydrothermalism. Despite its multi‐basin scale and suggested longevity that should pervasively alter the landscape, evidence for consistent compositional signatures of lacustrine hydrothermalism across varying spatial scales is poorly known. Here we synthesize orbital data sets (derived from the Gamma Ray Spectrometer, GRS; Thermal Emission Spectrometer, TES; and Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, CRISM) to characterize the composition of Eridania's landscape from regional to outcrop scales. The bulk geochemistry representing decimeter depths is broadly on par with mafic igneous compositions seen elsewhere on Mars. The landscape‐scale mineralogy of Eridania suggests a compositional distinction between Eridania's northernmost basin and the remaining basins. Meanwhile, chloride mapping and analyses of amorphous silica and acid‐altered clay phases at the outcrop scale both show that mineralogical evidence for hydrothermal alteration and putative lacustrine activity is broadly limited to the northernmost basin, and that most other amorphous silica in Eridania is consistent with low‐to‐minimal water/rock weathering. This suggests either limited regional hydrothermalism or extensive mafic resurfacing occurred in Eridania, the latter of which is consistent with previous studies. Our findings collectively suggest that Eridania underwent local crystal hydrothermal alteration, perhaps confined to the northernmost basin, while much of the remainder of the Eridania's basins either experienced low‐temperature weathering or extensive resurfacing to at least meter scale depths by later volcanism. This supports prior inferences of spatially and temporally limited surface hydrology on Mars and extensive volcanic resurfacing of basins, as in the Gusev Crater.
The relationship between follicle-stimulating hormone and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in men
Authors: Bin Dong-Hua , Liu Fang , Peng Ke-Ping , Zhan Min , Tan Yan , Liu Qiao , Tang Wang , Mo Zeng-Nan , Peng Xiong-Jun , Tian Gui-Xiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between male hormones and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in males.

Methods
Data from the Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey (FAMHES) were used to analyze the male hormone levels between MAFLD patients and controls. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for MAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of male hormones for MAFLD.

Result
A total of 1578 individuals were included, with 482 individuals (30.54%) of MAFLD, including 293 (18.57%) with mild disease and 189 (11.98%) with moderate-to-severe disease. The MAFLD patients were significantly older than those without MAFLD. The LH, FSH, and SHBG levels in the MAFLD patients were significantly greater than those in the control group. Age, FSH, LH, SHBG, and estradiol were all risk factors for MAFLD. Age, FSH, and LH were risk factors for moderate-to-severe MAFLD. FSH was an independent risk factor for MAFLD and moderate-to-severe MAFLD. FSH showed an excellent diagnostic value, with an AUC of 0.992 alone and 0.996 after adjusting age.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that FSH may be a potential diagnostic and predictive biomarker for MAFLD.