bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pediatric periodic leg movements of sleep after initiation of PAP therapy
Authors: Pai Vidya , Khatwa Umakanth , Ramgopal Sriram , Singh Kanwaljit , Fitzgerald Rebecca , Kothare Sanjeev V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionPositive‐airway‐pressure (PAP) is a treatment for obstructive‐sleep‐apnea (OSA). In adults, initiation of PAP‐therapy may unmask periodic‐limb movements‐of‐sleep (PLMS). We present a series of children in whom PLMS was aggravated or induced following initiation of PAP therapy.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on children who had PAP‐studies performed over a 3‐year period. Children with OSA without significant PLMS on baseline studies and who then showed a periodic‐limb‐movement‐index (PLMI) (>5/hr) during titration with PAP‐therapy were identified. Charts were reviewed for demographics, OSA severity based on apnea hypopnea index (AHI), PLMI, PLM‐arousal‐index (PLMAI) and pressures titrated.ResultsTwo hundred fourteen PAP‐titration studies (151 on continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP] and 63 on bilevel positive airway pressure [BiPAP]) were done. Eleven (10 on CPAP, 1 on BiPAP) met study criteria. Eight patients were boys. The median age was 12 years (range 6 months–18 years). On baseline studies, median AHI was 5/hr (range 1.5–32/hr), median PLMI was 1/hr (range 0–4/hr) and median PLMAI 0.3/Hr (range 0–2/hr). On titration studies, pressures ranged from 4 to 14 cm of water, median AHI was 0.5/hr (range 0–1), median PLMI was 12/hr (range 5–55/hr) and median PLMAI 9/hr (range 0–25). PLMS were seen predominantly during N1, N2 sleep and on PAP of >7 cm of water. One patient had resolution of PLMS at 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionPLMS were seen in 5.1% of children after initiation of PAP. OSA may mask PLMS, which appears as breathing improves. Alternatively, PAP may unmask or induce PLMS. PLMS may potentially be a cause of treatment failure in children on recent‐onset PAP therapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:252–256. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A high‐throughput system for boron microsublimation and isotope analysis by total evaporation thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Yi‐Wei , Aciego Sarah M. , Wanamaker Alan D. , Sell Bryan K. 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEResearch on the ocean carbon cycle is vitally important due to the projected impacts of atmospheric CO2 on global temperatures and climate change, but also on ocean chemistry. The direct influence of this CO2 rise on the seawater pH can be evaluated from the boron isotopic composition in biogenic carbonates; however, conscientious laboratory techniques and data treatment are vital in obtaining accurate and precise results. A rapid‐throughput boron purification and Total Evaporation Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry method was developed for high accuracy and precision boron isotopic analysis for small (ng) sample sizes.METHODSAn improved microsublimation method, in which up to 20 samples can be processed simultaneously under identical temperature conditions, was developed. Several tests have confirmed the viability of this technique. First, seawater and Porites coral samples were processed with H2O2 and the results compared with those obtained using microsublimation; second, the impact of various sublimation times was evaluated; and third, quantitative recovery was assessed using standard addition.RESULTSMicrosublimation provides a valid method for the quantitative recovery and separation of boron from both major elements and organic matter under low‐blank conditions. The close agreement of our results with published values validates the accuracy of the measurements. The isotopic ratio for SRM 951a boric acid isotopic standard was 4.0328 ± 0.0054 (2 STD, n = 25). The reproducibility of boron isotopic composition for standards including AE121, IAEA B‐1 and an in‐house coral standard UM‐CP1 was ±0.68‰ (2 STD, n = 15), ±1.12‰ (2 STD, n = 24), and ±1.17‰ (2 STD, n = 14), respectively. The sample sizes were <1 ng for each measurement.CONCLUSIONSThe developed method for preparing and measuring boron isotopic values in a variety of carbonate materials should facilitate the reconstruction of past ocean pH conditions with decadal‐scale resolution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the quantitative performance of a Q‐Exactive high‐resolution mass spectrometer with that of a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer for the analysis of illicit drugs in wastewater
Authors: Fedorova Ganna , Randak Tomas , Lindberg Richard H. , Grabic Roman 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEAnalysis of drugs in wastewater is gaining more interest, as new approaches to estimate drug consumption from the amount of drug residues in wastewater have been proposed. The aim of this study was to compare the quantitative performance of high‐resolution mass spectrometry with that of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.METHODSA Q‐Exactive mass spectrometer was operated in full scan (HRFS) (70 000 FWHM) and product scan (HRPS) (17 500 FWHM) modes. The first and third quadrupoles of the QqQ MS/MS instrument were operated at 0.7 FWHM. A mass‐extracted window of 5 ppm around the theoretical m/z of each analyte was used to construct chromatograms. An HESI‐II ion source was used for the ionization of target compounds. In‐line‐SPE‐LC configuration was used for the extraction and separation of target analytes.RESULTSAll three methods showed good linearity and repeatability. High‐resolution detection of product ions exhibited better sensitivity and selectivity for some compounds. For most of the tested compounds, LOQs ranged from 0.46 to 20 ng L–1. Good agreement between measured and nominal concentrations was observed for most of the compounds at different levels of fortification. Both MS/MS methods showed good selectivity, while HRFS gave some false positive results.CONCLUSIONSThe Q‐Exactive mass spectrometer proved to be suitable for trace detection and quantification of most of the tested drugs in wastewater, with performance comparable to that of the commonly used MS/MS triple quadrupole, but with better selectivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinant factors in the seedling establishment of Pasania edulis (Makino) Makino
Authors: Nakamura Mami , Hirata Ryoko , Oishi Keita , Arakaki Takuya , Takamatsu Nozomu , Hata Kunihiko , Sone Koichi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPasania edulis (Makino) Makino is one of the dominant Fagucea tree species in evergreen broad‐leaved forests in southern Japan, and its regeneration success may have a major impact on the dynamics of evergreen broad‐leaved forests. We conducted a field survey on the population process from acorn production to seedling establishment of P. edulis in an evergreen broad‐leaved forest in Kagoshima, southern Japan, from 1995 to 2009. The acorn crop varied greatly among the 14 cohorts, with mast cropping being recorded every 3–4 years. The mortality rate of acorns was very high for all 14 cohorts (99.3–100 %). Important mortality factors were failure to mature (empty acorns), attack by Curculio weevil on trees, predation of dropped acorns by Apodemus mice and large or medium‐sized mammals (wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax), badger (Meles meles anakuma), and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinu)), and attacks on germinated acorns by the acorn borer (Coccotrypes graniceps). Among these factors, predation by Apodemus mice was the greatest contributor to annual fluctuations in total mortality until seedling establishment. Large or medium‐sized mammals and the acorn borer also caused severe damage to dropped acorns in some years, but contributed little to annual fluctuations in total mortality. For successful regeneration, mast cropping was essential. However, a small population of Apodemus mice, that is, a low predation pressure, was also required during mast years.
Antiarrhythmogenic effect of omega‐3 fatty acid ethyl esters in a patient treated with Omacor after a non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction
Authors: Ardashev Andrey , Zhelyakov Evgeny , Kuzovlev Oleg 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn 84‐year‐old man reported several episodes of palpitations over the previous 6 months. He had a history of a prior non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction (MI) and had received a dual‐chamber pacemaker for control of subsequent sick sinus syndrome. Pacemaker data revealed 8000 premature ventricular beats (PVBs) daily and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT).The patient agreed to add omega‐3 fatty acid ethyl ester supplementation (1 g/day) to his treatment regimen. Pacemaker analyses 3 months later demonstrated no NSVT and only 215 PVBs daily. In more than 1 year of follow‐up, the patient has remained well and has had no further ventricular arrhythmias. We conclude that omega‐3 fatty acid ethyl ester supplementation may be beneficial in post‐MI patients with pacemakers who develop ventricular arrhythmias.
Vortex formation and vortex breakup in a laminar separation bubble
Authors: Marxen Olaf , Lang Matthias , Rist Ulrich 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe convective primary amplification of a forced two-dimensional perturbation initiates the formation of essentially two-dimensional large-scale vortices in a laminar separation bubble. These vortices are then shed from the bubble with the forcing frequency. Immediately downstream of their formation, the vortices get distorted in the spanwise direction and quickly disintegrate into small-scale turbulence. The laminar–turbulent transition in a forced laminar separation bubble is dominated by this vortex formation and breakup process. Using numerical and experimental data, we give an in-depth characterization of this process in physical space as well as in Fourier space, exploiting the largely periodic character of the flow in time as well as in the spanwise direction. We present evidence that a combination of more than one secondary instability mechanism is active during this process. The first instability mechanism is the elliptic instability of vortex cores, leading to a spanwise deformation of the cores with a spanwise wavelength of the order of the size of the vortex. Another mechanism, potentially an instability of flow in between two consecutive vortices, is responsible for three-dimensionality in the braid region. The corresponding disturbances possess a much smaller spanwise wavelength as compared to those amplified through elliptic instability. The secondary instability mechanisms occur for both fundamental and subharmonic frequency, respectively, even in the absence of continuous forcing, indicative of temporal amplification in the region of vortex formation.
The influence of vibration on Marangoni waves in two-layer films
Authors: Nepomnyashchy Alexander A. , Simanovskii Ilya B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe influence of time-periodic vibrations on long Marangoni waves in two-layer films is investigated. The problem is governed by a system of nonlinear equations obtained in the framework of the lubrication approximation. Periodic boundary conditions are applied on the boundaries of the computational region. The development of instabilities is investigated by means of nonlinear simulations. Excitation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional subharmonic wavy regimes is studied. A new phenomenon, the excitation of nonlinear waves with a temporal period that is four times larger than that of the gravity modulation, is revealed.
Valuing Vineyards: A Directional Distance Function Approach
Authors: Cross Robin , Färe Rolf , Grosskopf Shawna , Weber William L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe exploit the duality between the cost function and the directional distance function in value space to recover hedonic prices of product or asset characteristics. An application is offered for 96 Oregon vineyards located in the Willamette Valley of Oregon that sold between 1995 and 2007. Specifically, we recover hedonic prices for the number of high-, medium-, and low-quality vineyard acres and the number of nonvineyard acres sold in the parcel. Not surprisingly, higher-quality vineyard acres have a higher estimated hedonic price than medium- or low-quality acres, but as the number of high-quality acres increases, the hedonic price falls. (JEL Classification: D24, C61, Q10)
Salvage and Destruction: The Recycling of Books and Manuscripts in Great Britain during the Second World War
Authors: THORSHEIM PETER 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn analysis of Great Britain's campaigns to recycle books and paper reveals the paradoxes of wartime waste policies: destroying history and culture for the sake of reusing materials, and the impact of recycling on the war machinery's own wastefulness. Conscious of systematic recycling in Nazi Germany and its own dependence on imports, the British government established a salvage department only weeks after the outbreak of war. Beginning in 1940, this department required all large towns to collect recyclable materials. Salvage, beyond lessening shortages, served ideological and psychological aims, because reused materials were turned into weapons. This led to a critical redefinition of recycling as the war progressed. People who previously characterised the Third Reich's recycling programmes as typical fascist control now considered compulsory recycling in Great Britain wholly positive. However, protesters claimed the government was causing irreparable harm by salvaging items whose value far exceeded their worth as scrap. The harvesting of books, periodicals and manuscripts as ‘waste’ paper proved particularly contentious, with some arguing that their own government was adding to the destruction that bombs were causing to Great Britain's cultural inheritance.
When Consumer Citizens Spoke Up: West Germany's Early Dealings with Plastic Waste
Authors: WESTERMANN ANDREA 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAt one time, plastics were claimed to be the material that would not only boost West Germany's economy but also its consumer democracy. However, in the 1970s plastics were redefined as an environmental and consumer hazard. Based on protest letters and other sources, this article explores why plastic came to be redefined and traces how it became an issue of public concern. Now, this iconic material had become symbolic once more, but for negative reasons. I argue that the issue of plastics gained considerable momentum due to their crucial role in creating modern mass consumption. I further argue that the shifting significance of plastics highlights a substantial change in West Germany's political culture. While the early social market economists based citizens’ social belonging around access to economic security and affluence rather than overtly political notions of participation, people started insisting on the political aspects of their group identity as consumers; they defined both consumer information and protection as rights of citizenship.
Disruption of thalamocortical activity in schizophrenia models: relevance to antipsychotic drug action
Authors: Celada Pau , Lladó-Pelfort Laia , Santana N. , Kargieman L. , Troyano-Rodriguez Eva , Riga M. S. , Artigas Francesc 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNon-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists are widely used as pharmacological models of schizophrenia due to their ability to evoke the symptoms of the illness. Likewise, serotonergic hallucinogens, acting on 5-HT2A receptors, induce perceptual and behavioural alterations possibly related to psychotic symptoms. The neurobiological basis of these alterations is not fully elucidated. Data obtained in recent years revealed that the NMDA receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) and the serotonergic hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane; DOI) produce a series of common actions in rodent prefrontal cortex (PFC) that may underlie psychotomimetic effects. Hence, both agents markedly disrupt PFC function by altering pyramidal neuron discharge (with an overall increase) and reducing the power of low frequency cortical oscillations (LFCO; < 4 Hz). In parallel, PCP increased c-fos expression in excitatory neurons of various cortical areas, the thalamus and other subcortical structures, such as the amygdala. Electrophysiological studies revealed that PCP altered similarly the function of the centromedial and mediodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, reciprocally connected with PFC, suggesting that its psychotomimetic properties are mediated by an alteration of thalamocortical activity (the effect of DOI was not examined in the thalamus). Interestingly, the observed effects were prevented or reversed by the antipsychotic drugs clozapine and haloperidol, supporting that the disruption of PFC activity is intimately related to the psychotomimetic activity of these agents. Overall, the present experimental model can be successfully used to elucidate the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia symptoms and to examine the potential antipsychotic activity of new drugs in development.
Conflicts between international paradigms: Hierarchy versus systemic integration
Authors: DE WET ERIKA , VIDMAR JURE 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article gives an overview of two competing paradigms in the practice of judicial organs for the resolution of norm conflicts, namely the paradigm of a human rights based hierarchy versus the paradigm of systemic integration or conflict avoidance. Judicial practice indicates that norm conflicts typically manifest themselves between human rights obligations on the one hand and other categories of international obligations on the other. Do judicial organs resolve such norm conflicts in a manner that favours human rights obligations? If so, this would support the view in the literature that the international legal order is increasingly operating within a paradigm of hierarchy, with human rights at its apex. The article addresses this question based on the results of a study conducted by 10 authors who have analysed the practice of domestic, regional, supranational and international courts in dealing with norm conflicts between human rights, on the one hand and the other sub-regimes of public international law mentioned above, on the other (de Wet and Vidmar 2011). The article argues that judicial practice reveals no clear or consistent patterns of a human rights based hierarchy in international law can currently be induced from the manner in which courts resolve norm conflicts in international law. Instead, courts avoid resolving norm conflicts within a paradigm of hierarchy and instead remain within a paradigm of systemic integration that is aimed at maximizing the accommodation of competing sub-regimes of public international law.
Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater
Authors: Petzet Sebastian , Cornel Peter 
Published: July 2013

Phosphate (P) fertiliser is a basis for global food production that cannot be substituted. Phosphorus rock from which P fertilisers are produced is a non‐renewable and limited resource and there is growing concern that it could become scarce at some time in the future. Wastewater is a major P sink and, during wastewater treatment, P is removed with the sewage sludge. The direct recycling of P through agricultural application of sewage sludge is becoming increasingly difficult and a growing amount of sewage sludge is incinerated and the contained P is lost as the ashes are disposed of Consequently, the recycling of P from wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes can contribute to conserve global P reserves.
Starting from a discussion of P removal in wastewater treatment and the fate of P during anaerobic digestion and incineration, this chapter reviews various technologies that recover P from wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes. The feasibility of P recovery technologies depends on the P removal process applied during wastewater treatment. Together with the application points for P recovery (wastewater, sewage sludge and ashes), the theoretical P recovery potential, several technical processes, their advantages and limitations, and their developmental status (laboratory‐scale, pilot scale and large scale) are discussed.
A novel interplay between the ubiquitin–proteasome system and serine proteases duringDrosophiladevelopment
Authors: Lipinszki Zoltán , Klement Eva , Hunyadi-Gulyas Eva , Medzihradszky Katalin F. , Márkus Róbert , Pál Margit , Deák Péter , Udvardy Andor 
Published: July 2013

The concentrations of the Drosophila proteasomal and extraproteasomal polyubiquitin receptors fluctuate in a developmentally regulated fashion. This fluctuation is generated by a previously unidentified proteolytic activity. In the present paper, we describe the purification, identification and characterization of this protease (endoproteinase I). Its expression increases sharply at the L1–L2 larval stages, remains high until the second half of the L3 stage, then declines dramatically. This sharp decrease coincides precisely with the increase of polyubiquitin receptor concentrations in late L3 larvae, which suggests a tight developmental co-regulation. RNAi-induced down-regulation of endoproteinase I results in pupal lethality. Interestingly, we found a cross-talk between the 26S proteasome and this larval protease: transgenic overexpression of the in vivo target of endoproteinase I, the C-terminal half of the proteasomal polyubiquitin receptor subunit p54/Rpn10 results in transcriptional down-regulation of endoproteinase I and consequently a lower level of proteolytic elimination of the polyubiquitin receptors. Another larval protease, Jonah65A-IV, which degrades only unfolded proteins and exhibits similar cross-talk with the proteasome has also been purified and characterized. It may prevent the accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins in larvae contrary to the low polyubiquitin receptor concentration.
Tunable double Dirac cone spectrum in bilayer α-graphyne
Authors: Leenaerts O. , Partoens B. , Peeters F. M. 
Published: July 2013

Monolayer α-graphyne was recently proposed as a new all-carbon material having an electronic spectrum consisting of Dirac cones. Based on a first-principles investigation of bilayer α-graphyne, we show that the electronic band structure is qualitatively different from its monolayer form and depends crucially on the stacking mode of the two layers. Two stable stacking modes are found: a configuration with a gapless parabolic band structure, similar to AB stacked bilayer graphene, and another one which exhibits a doubled Dirac-cone spectrum. The latter can be tuned by an electric field with a gap opening rate of 0.3 eÅ.