bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance rate of long‐acting injection after short information: a survey in patients with first‐ and multiple‐episode psychoses and their caregivers
Authors: Yeo Seong‐Uk , Park Jong‐Il , Jang Jin‐Mahn , Kang Nam‐In , Cui Yin , Kim Min‐Gul , Kim Hyun‐Min , Jung Ae‐Ja , Chung Young‐Chul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the acceptance rates of long‐acting injection (LAI) in patients with first‐ and multiple‐episode psychoses before and after providing concise information about LAI to the patients and their caregivers. Additionally, predictors of choosing LAI and the reasons for reluctance to accept LAI were also evaluated.MethodsThe survey included the questionnaire about participants' demographic characteristics, prior knowledge about LAI, attitude towards the importance of medication or psychotherapy and acceptance for LAI – treatment. The acceptance rate for LAI was re‐evaluated after providing short information about current LAI or to the hypothetical questions like if there are a 3‐ms lasting injection or the cost of injection is cheap.ResultThis study included 161 patients and 113 caregivers who completed a cross‐sectional survey. Following exposure to LAI information, acceptance rates for this method of treatment did not change in all groups. However, acceptance rates increased significantly when asked if the cost of LAI was cheaper than the current oral medication and the effect of LAI lasted for 3 months. Significant predictors of acceptance of LAI in patients with first‐episode psychosis were prior knowledge about LAI, attitudes towards the importance of medication and discomfort due to medication side‐effects.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that a substantial portion of patients with first‐ and multiple‐episode psychoses and their caregivers prefer LAI over their current oral medication. The acceptance of LAI was not increased by providing succinct information concerning this method of treatment.
Duration of untreated psychosis and acute remission of negative symptoms in a South American first‐episode psychosis cohort
Authors: González‐Valderrama Alfonso , Castañeda Carmen Paz , Mena Cristián , Undurraga Juan , Mondaca Pilar , Yañez Matías , Bedregal Paula , Nachar Ruben 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo determine the association between duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and symptoms remission in a hospitalized first‐episode psychosis cohort.MethodsInpatients with a first‐episode non‐affective psychosis were recruited. Subjects were divided into two groups of long and short DUP using a 3‐month cut‐off point, and this was related to remission at 10 weeks of treatment. Multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsFifty‐five inpatients were included. There were no differences in remission rates of positive symptoms. Up to 76.5% of the patients with a short DUP (<3 months) achieved remission of negative symptoms versus 31.6% in the DUP ≥ 3 months group (P = 0.003). After controlling for relevant factors, patients with a shorter DUP were still three times more likely to achieve negative symptoms remission (HR: 3.04, 95% CI 1.2–7.5).ConclusionsDUP is a prognostic factor that should be considered at an early stage to identify a ‘high risk’ subgroup of persistent negative symptoms.
The antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine varnish on mutans streptococci in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: a systematic review of clinical efficacy
Authors: Tang X , Sensat ML , Stoltenberg JL 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine varnishes (CHX‐V) on mutans streptococci (MS) in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.Materials and MethodsA systematic computerized database search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE up to September 2014. A Google search was also conducted to further identify articles that met the eligibility criteria. Clinical trials which used CHX‐V alone as the intervention to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the varnish in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Outcome measures included MS level reduction and/or decreased caries incidence from baseline data.ResultsNineteen articles were identified for full‐text reading; eleven articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Type and concentration of CHX‐V, bacterial sampling method, application frequency, sampling schedule, risk of bias and study outcomes are presented.ConclusionA limited number of studies with low risk of bias were available to address the antimicrobial efficacy of CHX‐V on MS in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Therefore, while the majority of studies found CHX‐V to be an effective antimicrobial against MS at an interval of 3–4 weeks, the strength of the recommendation is weak. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether this antimicrobial effect will contribute to clinically significant caries reduction in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Role of adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism: the Monash Health experience
Authors: Teng J. , Hutchinson M. E. , Doery J. C. G. , Choy K. W. , Chong W. , Fuller P. J. , Yang J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal vein sampling (AVS) is useful for distinguishing unilateral versus bilateral hypersecretion in primary aldosteronism (PA), but is technically challenging. Furthermore, the use of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐stimulation in AVS is controversial. We implemented a Monash Health‐specific AVS protocol in 2010.AimThe audit aimed to: (i) examine the impact of a dedicated protocol on success rates of AVS at a tertiary referral centre; (ii) evaluate the impact of AVS on sub‐typing of PA; and (iii) assess the utility of ACTH stimulation in AVS.MethodsAVS was performed on patients with PA confirmed by positive saline suppression testing (aldosterone level >140 pmol/L post‐saline infusion), with sequential sampling of adrenal and peripheral veins, pre‐ and post‐ACTH infusion. Patients with unilateral aldosterone‐producing adenoma diagnosed on successful AVS were referred for adrenalectomy.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2014 inclusive, a total of 28 AVS procedures was performed, with complete pre‐ and post‐ACTH data for 19 procedures. Bilateral successful cannulation rates improved post‐implementation of our protocol (61% vs 41%). Of the patients, 32% had discordant imaging and AVS results: four patients with unilateral adenomas did not lateralise on AVS and were managed medically; four patients with bilateral or no adenomas on imaging, lateralised on AVS and had surgery. Overall, use of ACTH did not increase successful cannulation and tended to mask lateralisation.ConclusionAVS is crucial in subtype classification of PA and should be performed by a dedicated radiologist with a standardised protocol. AVS outcomes were not improved with the use of ACTH stimulation.
Mortality of People with Intellectual Disabilities in England: A Comparison of Data from Existing Sources
Authors: Heslop Pauline , Glover Gyles 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundAt present, there is limited statistical information about mortality of people with intellectual disabilities inEngland. This study explores the data that are currently available.Materials and methodsFour recent sources of data about mortality of people with intellectual disabilities inEngland are reviewed: theConfidentialInquiry intoPrematureDeaths ofPeople with intellectual disabilities (CIPOLD); the 2013JointHealth andSocialCareIntellectualDisabilitySelf‐assessmentExercise; local registers of people with intellectual disability; and analysis ofCause ofDeath certificates.ResultsAvailable data confirm that people with intellectual disability have a shorter lifespan and increased risk of early death when compared with the general population. The standardized mortality rate for people with intellectual disabilities is approximately twice that of the general population inEngland, with little indication of any reduction in this over time.ConclusionsComprehensive data about mortality of people with intellectual disabilities that take account of the age and sex distribution of the population are currently lacking inEngland. Existing data suggest persistent inequalities between people with intellectual disabilities and the general population. There is an urgent need for better monitoring mechanisms and actions to address these.
Detection of a novel stem cell probably involved in normal turnover of the lung airway epithelium
Authors: Ortega‐Martínez Marta , Rodríguez‐Flores Laura E. , de‐la‐Garza‐González Carlos , Ancer‐Rodríguez Jesús , Jaramillo‐Rangel Gilberto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRegeneration of the lung airway epithelium after injury has been extensively studied. In contrast, analysis of its turnover in healthy adulthood has received little attention. In the classical view, this epithelium is maintained in the steady‐state by the infrequent proliferation of basal or Clara cells. The intermediate filament protein nestin was initially identified as a marker for neural stem cells, but its expression has also been detected in other stem cells. Lungs from CD1 mice at the age of 2, 6, 12, 18 or 24 months were fixed in neutral‐buffered formalin and paraffin‐embedded. Nestin expression was examined by an immunohistochemical peroxidase‐based method. Nestin‐positive cells were detected in perivascular areas and in connective tissue that were in close proximity of the airway epithelium. Also, nestin‐positive cells were found among the cells lining the airway epithelium. These findings suggest that nestin‐positive stem cells circulate in the bloodstream, transmigrate through blood vessels and localize in the lung airway epithelium to participate in its turnover. We previously reported the existence of similar cells able to differentiate into lung chondrocytes. Thus, the stem cell reported here might be a bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMDMSC) able to generate several types of lung tissues. In conclusion, our findings indicate that there exist a BMDMSC in healthy adulthood that participates in the turnover of the lung airway epithelium. These findings may improve our knowledge about the lung stem cell biology and also provide novel approaches to therapy for devastating pulmonary diseases.
Self‐consistent method for quantifying indium content from X‐ray spectra of thick compound semiconductor specimens in a transmission electron microscope
Authors: WALTHER T. , WANG X. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBased on Monte Carlo simulations of X‐ray generation by fast electrons we calculate curves of effective sensitivity factors for analytical transmission electron microscopy based energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy including absorption and fluorescence effects, as a function of Ga K/L ratio for different indium and gallium containing compound semiconductors. For the case of InGaN alloy thin films we show that experimental spectra can thus be quantified without the need to measure specimen thickness or density, yielding self‐consistent values for quantification with Ga K and Ga L lines. The effect of uncertainties in the detector efficiency are also shown to be reduced.
A critical review: early life nutrition and prenatal programming for adult disease
Authors: Carolan‐Olah Mary , Duarte‐Gardea Maria , Lechuga Julia 
Published: August 2015

Aim and objectiveTo present the evidence in relation to early life nutrition and foetal programming for adult disease.BackgroundEpigenetics is a new and growing area of study investigating the impact of the intrauterine environment on the lifelong health of individuals.DesignDiscursive paper.MethodSearches were conducted in a range of electronic health databases. Hand searches located additional articles for review. Maternal search terms included: pregnancy; nutrition; diet; obesity; over nutrition; under nutrition. Offspring related search terms included: macrosomia; intrauterine growth restriction; epigenetics; foetal programming; childhood obesity; adolescent obesity; adolescent type 2 diabetes.DiscussionResults indicate that foetal programming for adult disease occurs in response to particular insults during vulnerable developmental periods. Four main areas of foetal exposure were identified in this review: (1) under nutrition; (2) over nutrition; (3) gestational diabetes mellitus; and (4) infant catch‐up growth. Numerous studies also described the trans‐generational nature of foetal programming.ConclusionsOverall, foetal exposure to excess or insufficient nutrition during vulnerable developmental periods appears to result in a lifelong predisposition to obesity and adult disease, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiac disease. For the infant who has been undernourished during early life, a predisposition to renal disease also occurs.Relevance to clinical practicePregnancy is a time when women are engaged in health systems and are receptive to health messages. These factors suggest that pregnancy may be an optimal time for dietary education and intervention. There is a particular need for education on healthy diet and for interventions which aim to limit over consumption of calories.
Are all GMOs the same? Consumer acceptance of cisgenic rice in India
Authors: Shew Aaron M. , Nalley Lawton L. , Danforth Diana M. , Dixon Bruce L. , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Delwaide Anne‐Cecile , Valent Barbara 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIndia has more than 215 million food‐insecure people, many of whom are farmers. Genetically modified (GM) crops have the potential to alleviate this problem by increasing food supplies and strengthening farmer livelihoods. For this to occur, two factors are critical: (i) a change in the regulatory status of GM crops, and (ii) consumer acceptance of GM foods. There are generally two classifications of GM crops based on how they are bred: cisgenically bred, containing only DNA sequences from sexually compatible organisms; and transgenically bred, including DNA sequences from sexually incompatible organisms. Consumers may view cisgenic foods as more natural than those produced via transgenesis, thus influencing consumer acceptance. This premise was the catalyst for our study—would Indian consumers accept cisgenically bred rice and if so, how would they value cisgenics compared to conventionally bred rice, GM‐labelled rice and ‘no fungicide’ rice? In this willingness‐to‐pay study, respondents did not view cisgenic and GM rice differently. However, participants were willing‐to‐pay a premium for any aforementioned rice with a ‘no fungicide’ attribute, which cisgenics and GM could provide. Although not significantly different (P = 0.16), 76% and 73% of respondents stated a willingness‐to‐consume GM and cisgenic foods, respectively.
Designing and Implementing Cross‐Sector Collaborations: NeededandChallenging
Authors: Bryson John M. , Crosby Barbara C. , Stone Melissa Middleton 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTheoretical and empirical work on collaboration has proliferated in the last decade. The authors’ 2006 article on designing and implementing cross‐sector collaborations was a part of, and helped stimulate, this growth. This article reviews the authors’ and others’ important theoretical frameworks from the last decade, along with key empirical results. Research indicates how complicated and challenging collaboration can be, even though it may be needed now more than ever. The article concludes with a summary of areas in which scholarship offers reasonably settled conclusions and an extensive list of recommendations for future research. The authors favor research that takes a dynamic, multilevel systems view and makes use of both quantitative and qualitative methods, especially using longitudinal comparative case studies.
The Ultrahigh Efficiency Gas Turbine Engine With Stator Internal
Combustion
Authors: Schobeiri Meinhard T. , Ghoreyshi Seyed M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The current article introduces a physics-based revolutionary technology that enables energy efficiency and environmental compatibility goals of future generation aircraft and power generation gas turbines (GTs). An ultrahigh efficiency GT technology (UHEGT) is developed, where the combustion process is no longer contained in isolation between the compressor and turbine, rather distributed in three stages and integrated within the first three high pressure (HP) turbine stator rows. The proposed distributed combustion results in high thermal efficiencies, which cannot be achieved by conventional GT engines. Particular fundamental issues of aerothermodynamic design, combustion, and heat transfer are addressed in this study along with comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The aerothermodynamic study shows that the UHEGT-concept improves the thermal efficiency of GTs 5–7% above the current most advanced high efficiency GT engines, such as Alstom GT24. Multiple configurations are designed and simulated numerically to achieve the optimum configuration for UHEGT. CFD simulations include combustion process in conjunction with a rotating turbine row. Temperature and velocity distributions are investigated as well as power generation, pressure losses, and NOx emissions. Results show that the configuration in which fuel is injected into the domain through cylindrical tubes provides the best combustion process and the most uniform temperature distribution at the rotor inlet.
Identification of Restriction Factors by Human Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screening of Viral Host Range Mutants Exemplified by Discovery of SAMD9 and WDR6 as Inhibitors of the Vaccinia Virus K1L
−
C7L
−
Mutant
Authors: Sivan Gilad , Ormanoglu Pinar , Buehler Eugen C. , Martin Scott E. , Moss Bernard 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

RNA interference (RNAi) screens intended to identify host factors that restrict virus replication may fail if the virus already counteracts host defense mechanisms. To overcome this limitation, we are investigating the use of viral host range mutants that exhibit impaired replication in nonpermissive cells. A vaccinia virus (VACV) mutant with a deletion of both the C7L and K1L genes, K1L
−
C7L
−
, which abrogates replication in human cells at a step prior to late gene expression, was chosen for this strategy. We carried out a human genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen in HeLa cells infected with a VACV K1L
−
C7L
−
mutant that expresses the green fluorescent protein regulated by a late promoter. This positive-selection screen had remarkably low background levels and resulted in the identification of a few cellular genes, notably SAMD9 and WDR6, from approximately 20,000 tested that dramatically enhanced green fluorescent protein expression. Replication of the mutant virus was enabled by multiple siRNAs to SAMD9 or WDR6. Moreover, SAMD9 and WDR6 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 knockout HeLa cell lines were permissive for replication of the K1L
−
C7L
−
mutant, in agreement with the siRNA data. Expression of exogenous SAMD9 or interferon regulatory factor 1 restricted replication of the K1L
−
C7L
−
mutant in the SAMD9
−/−
cells. Independent interactions of SAMD9 with the K1 and C7 proteins were suggested by immunoprecipitation. Knockout of WDR6 did not reduce the levels of SAMD9 and interactions of WDR6 with SAMD9, C7, and K1 proteins were not detected, suggesting that these restriction factors act independently but possibly in the same innate defense pathway.

IMPORTANCE
The coevolution of microbial pathogens with cells has led to an arms race in which the invader and host continuously struggle to gain the advantage. For this reason, traditional siRNA screens may fail to uncover important immune mechanisms if the pathogens have already developed effective responses. However, host-restricted viral mutants have lost one or more defense genes needed for their replication in nonpermissive cells. By screening human genome libraries of short RNAs that inhibit the expression of individual host genes in nonpermissive cells, we identified SAMD9 and WDR6 as major restriction factors that prevented replication of a vaccinia virus mutant and suggest that host range screening can be generally useful for the investigation of host-pathogen interactions.
Abstract 1123: Glutaminase inhibitors suppress pyrimidine synthesis and promote DNA replication stress in VHL-deficient human renal cancer cells
Authors: Okazaki Arimichi , Gameiro Paulo , Stephanopoulos Gregory , Iliopoulos Othon 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Hypoxic and VHL-deficient cells use glutamine to generate citrate and lipids through reductive carboxylation (RC) of a-ketoglutarate. To gain insights into the role of HIF and the molecular mechanisms underlying RC, we took advantage of a panel of disease associated Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutants and showed that HIF2a expression is necessary and sufficient for the induction of RC in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. Reductive carboxylation can be detected in vivo. HIF2a-mediated glutamine metabolism is induced by low intracellular citrate levels, which promote the reductive flux by mass action to maintain lipogenesis.
In addition to being a source of lipogenic acetyl-CoA, glutamine can be used in the Krebs cycle to generate aspartate - the carbon source for pyrimidine biosynthesis. We showed that VHL-deficient RCC cells rely on RC-derived aspartate to maintain de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase (GLS) by the commercially available glutaminase inhibitor BPTES and a glutaminase inhibitor which is in Phase I clinical study (CB-839, Calithera Biosciences Inc) depleted the levels of pyrimidines in VHL-deficient cells but not in VHL-reconstituted cells, which utilized glucose oxidation to supply the aspartate pool. Nucleoside depletion activates an intra-S-phase checkpoint corresponding to DNA replication stress and suppressed S-phase transition in VHL-deficient RCC cells. DNA replication stress was rescued by administration of glutamate or dimethyl-alpha-ketoglutarate. Addition of nucleobases partially rescued the effect of glutaminase inhibitors on cell growth.
Our data suggest that glutaminase inhibitors suppress de novo pyrimidine synthesis, leading to DNA replication stress in VHL-deficient RCC cells. We currently test the hypothesis that this mechanistic insight may allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies for RCC by combining glutaminase inhibitors with drugs promoting DNA replication stress.
Citation Format: Arimichi Okazaki, Paulo Gameiro, Gregory Stephanopoulos, Othon Iliopoulos. Glutaminase inhibitors suppress pyrimidine synthesis and promote DNA replication stress in VHL-deficient human renal cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1123. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1123