bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interactive branch‐and‐bound algorithm for bicriterion nonconvex/mixed integer programming
Authors: Aksoy Yasemin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough there has been extensive research on interactive multiple objective decision making in the last two decades, there is still a need for specialized interactive algorithms that exploit the relatively simple structure of bicriterion programming problems. This article develops an interactive branch‐and‐bound algorithm for bicriterion nonconvex programming problems. The algorithm searches among only the set of nondominated solutions since one of them is a most preferred solution that maximizes the overall value function of the decision maker over the set of achievable solutions. The interactive branch‐and‐bound algorithm requires only pairwise preference comparisons from the decision maker. Based on the decision maker's responses, the algorithm reduces the set of nondominated solutions and terminates with his most preferred nondominated solution. Branching corresponds to dividing the subset of nondominated solutions considered at a node into two subsets. The incumbent solution is updated based on the preference of the decision maker between two nondominated solutions. Fathoming decisions are based on the decision maker's preference between the incumbent solution and the ideal solution of the node in consideration.
A two‐phase procedure for allotting geostationary orbital locations to communications satellites
Authors: Reilly Charles H. , Mount‐Campbell Clark A. , Mata Fernando , Walton Eric K. , Aebker Eric A. , Levis Curt A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe consider the problem of allotting locations in the geostationary orbit to communication satellites, subject to angle of elevation and electromagnetic interference constraints. An optimization framework is used as a means of finding feasible allotment plans. Specifically, we present a two‐phase solution procedure for the satellite location problem (SLP). The objective in SLP is to allot geostationary orbital locations to satellites so as to minimize the sum of the absolute differences between the locations prescribed for the satellites and corresponding specified desired locations. We describe two heuristics, an ordering procedure and a k‐permutation algorithm, that are used in tandem to find solutions to SLP. Solutions to a worldwide example problem with 183 satellites serving 208 service areas are summarized.
Aircraft weapon budgeting
Authors: Goldberg Matthew S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article considers the problem of allocating a fixed budget among alternative air‐to‐ground weapons. The weapon‐budgeting problem is high‐dimensional, involving all feasible combinations of aircraft, weapons, and targets. The decision maker's utility function is defined over kills of the various target types, but it is unrealistic to expect him to write down the mathematical formula for this function. The article suggests two procedures for reducing the dimension of the maximization problem and operating without exact knowledge of the utility function. The first procedure uses successive linear approximations to generate the set of “efficient” or undominated weapon allocations. The second procedure applies separability restrictions to the utility function, thereby reducing the overall maximization problem to a sequence of low‐dimensional subproblems.
Joint determination of optimum variable and attribute target means
Authors: Arcelus F.J. , Rahim M.A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article considers the problem of joint control of attribute and variable quality characteristics of a given product. Items are acceptable if they meet the specifications for both types of quality characteristics at the same time. Otherwise, the items are sold as scrap at reduced prices. The objective is to determine simultaneously the target values for each characteristic so as to maximize the expected profit per item. Several item‐by‐item quality‐inspection plans are formulated on the basis of various inspection strategies. These strategies are defined in terms of whether the inspection is to be carried out simultaneously for both characteristics, or sequentially, or whether inspection for one of the characteristics is to be ignored. All these plans are shown to differ in terms of their profitability. However, they all yield equivalent quality standards. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the application of these models.
Sandwich approximation of univariate convex functions with an application to separable convex programming
Authors: Burkard Rainer E. , Hamacher Horst W. , Rote Günter 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this article an algorithm for computing upper and lower ϵ approximations of a (implicitly or explicitly) given convex function h defined on an interval of length T is developed. The approximations can be obtained under weak assumptions on h (in particular, no differentiability), and the error decreases quadratically with the number of iterations. To reach an absolute accuracy of ϵ the number of iterations is bounded by magnified image, where D is the total increase in slope of h. As an application we discuss separable convex programs.
Behavior‐based botnet detection in parallel
Authors: Wang Kuochen , Huang Chun‐Ying , Tsai Li‐Yang , Lin Ying‐Dar 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBotnet has become one major Internet security issue in recent years. Although signature‐based solutions are accurate, it is not possible to detect bot variants in real‐time. In this paper, we propose behavior‐based botnet detection in parallel (BBDP). BBDP adopts a fuzzy pattern recognition approach to detect bots. It detects a bot based on anomaly behavior in domain name service (DNS) queries and transmission control protocol (TCP) requests. With the design objectives of being efficient and accurate, a bot is detected using the proposed five‐stage process, including: (i) traffic reduction, which shrinks an input trace by deleting unnecessary packets; (ii) feature extraction, which extracts features from a shrunk trace; (iii) data partitioning, which divides features into smaller pieces; (iv) DNS detection phase, which detects bots based on DNS features; and (v) TCP detection phase, which detects bots based on TCP features. The detection phases, which consume approximately 90% of the total detection time, can be dispatched to multiple servers in parallel and make detection in real‐time. The large scale experiments with the Windows Azure cloud service show that BBDP achieves a high true positive rate (95%+) and a low false positive rate ( ∼ 3%). Meanwhile, experiments also show that the performance of BBDP can scale up linearly with the number of servers used to detect bots. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symmetric key image encryption using chaotic Rossler system
Authors: Mandal Mrinal K. , Kar Madhumita , Singh Sandesh K. , Barnwal Vivek K. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, an algorithm for encryption of digital image based on chaos theory is proposed. This encryption algorithm includes two main operations of image element shuffling and pixel replacement. The analysis of cryptographic strength (resistance attack) has been performed to confirm the fact. The results of several experimental tests, such as key space analysis, key sensitivity analysis, and statistical analysis, show that the proposed algorithm for image cryptosystems provides an efficient and secure way for image encryption and the hacker cannot decrypt an encrypted image without original key. A comparison in terms of correlation between the original and encrypted images, number of pixels change rate, unified average changing intensity, and mean absolute error is performed, which proves that the plain image is very different from the encrypted one. We have also performed fixed point analysis to know how many pixels remain fixed after pixel shuffling operation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Words, Words Everywhere, But Which Ones Do We Teach?
Authors: Graves Michael F. , Baumann James F. , Blachowicz Camille L. Z. , Manyak Patrick , Bates Ann , Cieply Char , Davis Jeni R. , Von Gunten Heather 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article highlights the challenging task teachers face in selecting vocabulary to teach. First, we briefly discuss three features of the English lexicon that are crucial to keep in mind when selecting vocabulary for instruction and three approaches that have been suggested. Then, we present a theoretically based approach called Selecting Words for Instruction from Texts (SWIT) that we developed and implemented in a vocabulary instruction research project. SWIT enables teachers to identify optimal words for instruction within three different categories (Essential, Valuable, Accessible, and Imported) and determine whether to provide Powerful Vocabulary Instruction, provide Brief Word Explanations, or guide students to Infer Meanings using context and morphology. Following that, we present detailed examples illustrating how teachers can use SWIT to identify and teach key vocabulary from a narrative text and from an informational text. The article ends with an appendix describing the research project in which we developed SWIT.
Sparse LMS/F algorithms with application to adaptive system identification
Authors: Gui Guan , Mehbodniya Abolfazl , Adachi Fumiyuki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractStandard least mean square/fourth (LMS/F) is a classical adaptive algorithm that combined the advantages of both least mean square (LMS) and least mean fourth (LMF). The advantage of LMS is fast convergence speed while its shortcoming is suboptimal solution in low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) environment. On the contrary, the advantage of LMF algorithm is robust in low SNR while its drawback is slow convergence speed in high SNR case. Many finite impulse response systems are modeled as sparse rather than traditionally dense. To take advantage of system sparsity, different sparse LMS algorithms with lp‐LMS and l0‐LMS have been proposed to improve adaptive identification performance. However, sparse LMS algorithms have the same drawback as standard LMS. Different from LMS filter, standard LMS/F filter can achieve better performance. Hence, the aim of this paper is to introduce sparse penalties to the LMS/F algorithm so that it can further improve identification performance. We propose two sparse LMS/F algorithms using two sparse constraints to improve adaptive identification performance. Two experiments are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms by computer simulation. In the first experiment, the number of nonzero coefficients is changing, and the proposed algorithms can achieve better mean square deviation performance than sparse LMS algorithms. In the second experiment, the number of nonzero coefficient is fixed, and mean square deviation performance of sparse LMS/F algorithms is still better than that of sparse LMS algorithms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Lallzyme MMX‐based rapid method for fission yeast protoplast preparation
Authors: Flor‐Parra Ignacio , Zhurinsky Jacob , Bernal Manuel , Gallardo Paola , Daga Rafael R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFungal cells including yeasts are surrounded by cell wall that counteracts turgor pressure and prevents cell lysis. Many yeast experiments, including genetic manipulation of sterile strains, morphogenesis studies, nucleic acid isolation and many others, require mechanical breakage or enzymatic removal of the cell wall. Some of these experiments require the generation of live cells lacking cell walls, called protoplasts, that can be maintained in osmostabilized medium. Enzymatic digestion of cell wall proteoglycans is a commonly used method of protoplast preparation. Currently existing protocols for fission yeast cell wall digestion are time consuming and not very efficient. We developed a new rapid method for fission yeast protoplast preparation that relies on digesting cell walls with Lallzyme MMX commercial enzyme mix, which produces protoplasts from all cells in less than 10 min. We demonstrate that these protoplasts can be utilized in three commonly used fission yeast protocols. Thus, we provide the fission yeast community with a robust and efficient plasmid extraction method, a new protocol for diploid generation and an assay for protoplast recovery that should be useful for studies of morphogenesis. Our method is potentially applicable to other yeasts and fungi. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time to Breast Cancer Relapse Predicted By Primary Tumour Characteristics, Not Lymph Node Involvement
Authors: Fitzpatrick Danielle J. , Lai Christine S. , Parkyn Robert F. , Walters David , Humeniuk Vladimir , Walsh David C. A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntroduction
The risk of breast cancer recurrence has been linked to tumour size, grade, oestrogen (ER) receptor status, and degree of lymph node (LN) involvement. However, the role of these variables in predicting time to relapse is not well defined. This study was designed to identify patient and primary tumour characteristics that predict risk periods for breast cancer recurrence within our institution, to enable more tailored surveillance strategies.MethodsWe retrospectively studied a cohort of 473 patients who presented to The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, with recurrent breast cancer between 1968 and 2008. Patient and primary tumour characteristics were collected, including age, menopausal status, tumour grade, size, ER and progesterone receptor (PR) status, and LN involvement and modeled against time to relapse using Kaplan–Meier survival curves.ResultsHigh tumour grade, size ≥20 mm, ER negativity, and PR negativity were shown on univariate analysis to correlate significantly with earlier recurrence (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0012, P = 0.0006, and P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis identified tumour grade and size as significant predictors of timing of relapse after adjustment for other variables. LN involvement, menopausal status, and age did not significantly correlate with earlier recurrence.ConclusionsHigh tumour grade and larger size were shown to independently predict earlier breast cancer relapse. While LN involvement increases absolute recurrence risk, our study proposes that it does not influence timing of relapse. Use of these predictors will enable key risk periods for onset of relapse to be characterised according to tumour profile with more appropriate discharge to primary care providers for ongoing surveillance.
The Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida expansion in Poland: the role of immigration
Authors: Ledwoń Mateusz , Betleja Jacek , Stawarczyk Tadeusz , Neubauer Grzegorz 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Whiskered Tern population in Poland has rapidly increased from 40 breeding pairs in 1990 to over 1,600 in 2007, with strongest local population in the Upper Vistula River Valley. Owing to rather low pre-breeding and adult apparent survival rates estimated for this population (0.54 and 0.80, respectively) and a delay in accession to reproduction (recruitment completed at age 3), matrix modelling indicated an intrinsic growth rate ofλcalc = 1.02. Observed growth rates of both the Polish and the Upper Vistula River Valley populations wasλobs = 1.29. Using the deterministic population projection matrix including immigrant class, we estimated that, on average, 44 immigrants should enter the Upper Vistula River Valley population annually to match the observed growth. With survival rates increased (ΦP = 0.63,ΦB = 0.90) as to mimic no emigration and reduced dispersal, the estimated number of immigrants was only eight, indicating that substantial emigration rates are likely. A majority of the breeding sites were recorded in man-made water bodies. Colonisation has started in the southeast and proceeded towards the northwest. The strong, stable population in western Ukraine may explain high numbers of immigrants that could originate from there. Other factors favouring quick colonisation of Poland include availability of suitable breeding sites, the wide flexibility of the species with respect to breeding habitat, plentiful food, and high breeding success in the Upper Vistula River Valley. It also seems likely that westward shifts in both breeding and wintering ranges could add to the strong population increases in Eastern Europe.
Early Results of Sacro–Iliac Joint Fixation following Long Fusion to the Sacrum in Adult Spine Deformity
Authors: Schroeder Josh E. , Cunningham Matthew E. , Ross Tom , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba 
Published: December 2013

Background The sacro–iliac joint (SIJ) is the largest joint in the human body. When the lumbar spine is fused to the sacrum, motion across the SIJ is increased, leading to increased degeneration of the SIJ. Degeneration can become symptomatic in up to 75% of the cases when a long lumbar fusion ends with a sacral fixation. If medical treatments fail, patients can undergo surgical fixation of the SIJ. Questions/Purposes This study reports the results of short-term complications, length of stay, and clinical as well as radiographic outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous SIJ fixation for SIJ pain following long fusions to the sacrum for adult scoliosis. Methods A retrospective review of all the patients who underwent a percutaneous fixation of the SIJ after corrective scoliosis surgery was performed in a single specialized scoliosis center between the years 2011–2013. Ten SIJ fusions were performed in six patients who failed conservative care for SIJ arthritis. Average age was 50 (range 25–60 years). The patients were 15.3 years in average after the original surgical procedure (range 4–25 years). Average post-operative follow-up was 10.25 months (range 15–4 months). The medical charts of the patients were reviewed for hospital stay, complications, pre- and post-operative pain, quality of life, and satisfaction with surgery using the visual analogues score (VAS), Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)22 and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires. Images were reviewed for fixation of the SIJ, fusion, and deviation of the implants from the SIJ. Results There were no complications in surgery or post-operatively. Discharge was on post-operative day 2 (range 1–4 days). Leg VAS score improved from 6.5 to 2.0 ( P < 0.005; minimal clinically important difference (MCID) 1.6). Back VAS score decreased from 7.83 to 2.67 mm ( P < 0.005; MCID 1.2). ODI scores dropped from 22.2 to 10.5 ( P = 0.0005; MCID 12.4). SRS22 scores increased from 2.93 to 3.65 ( P = 0.035; MCID 0.2) with the largest increases in the pain, function, and satisfaction domains of the questionnaires. Conclusion Fixation of the SIJ in patients that fail conservative care for SIJ arthritis after long fusions ending in the sacrum provides a reduction in back pain and improved quality of life in the short and medium range follow-up period.
Internet use and addiction among Finnish Adolescents (15–19 years)
Authors: Sinkkonen Hanna‐Maija , Puhakka Helena , Meriläinen Matti 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates Internet use among Finnish adolescents (n = 475) combining qualitative and quantitative research. Internet use was evaluated using the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998a, 1998b). The data was divided into three parts according to the test scores: normal users (14.3%), mild over‐users (61.5%), and moderate or serious over‐users (24.2%). The most common reason for use was having fun. While half the students reported disadvantages associated with their use, further qualitative analysis revealed that students with serious overuse did not report any harm caused by using the Internet. As disadvantages of using the Internet, students reported that it is time‐consuming and causes mental, social, and physical harm and poor school attendance. Four factors of Internet addiction were found, and for two of them, a statistical difference between females and males was found.
Imatinib treatment and Aβ42 in humans
Authors: Olsson Bob , Legros Laurence , Guilhot François , Strömberg Kia , Smith James , Livesey Frederick J. , Wilson David H. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe first‐line treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), imatinib, has been shown to decrease the production of amyloid‐β (Aβ) in vitro and in animal studies. However, whether imatinib has this effect in humans is not known.MethodsPlasma levels of Aβ42 were analyzed in sequential samples from CML patients treated with imatinib (n = 51). The effect of imatinib on Aβ production was also investigated in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) with the Swedish mutation, in mouse primary cortical neurons and in human Down syndrome embryonic stem‐cell‐derived cortical neurons.ResultsTwelve months of imatinib treatment did not lower plasma Aβ42 levels in CML patients, and imatinib treatment did not lead to less Aβ42 production in any of the in vitro models whereas β‐ and γ‐secretase inhibitors did.ConclusionThese data question the previously described role of imatinib in inhibiting amyloidogenic APP processing and as a drug candidate for AD.
Conscientious objection and refusal to provide reproductive healthcare: A White Paper examining prevalence, health consequences, and policy responses
Authors: Chavkin Wendy , Leitman Liddy , Polin Kate ,   for Global Doctors for Choice
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundGlobal Doctors for Choice—a transnational network of physician advocates for reproductive health and rights—began exploring the phenomenon of conscience‐based refusal of reproductive healthcare as a result of increasing reports of harms worldwide. The present White Paper examines the prevalence and impact of such refusal and reviews policy efforts to balance individual conscience, autonomy in reproductive decision making, safeguards for health, and professional medical integrity.Objectives and search strategyThe White Paper draws on medical, public health, legal, ethical, and social science literature published between 1998 and 2013 in English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. Estimates of prevalence are difficult to obtain, as there is no consensus about criteria for refuser status and no standardized definition of the practice, and the studies have sampling and other methodologic limitations. The White Paper reviews these data and offers logical frameworks to represent the possible health and health system consequences of conscience‐based refusal to provide abortion; assisted reproductive technologies; contraception; treatment in cases of maternal health risk and inevitable pregnancy loss; and prenatal diagnosis. It concludes by categorizing legal, regulatory, and other policy responses to the practice.ConclusionsEmpirical evidence is essential for varied political actors as they respond with policies or regulations to the competing concerns at stake. Further research and training in diverse geopolitical settings are required. With dual commitments toward their own conscience and their obligations to patients' health and rights, providers and professional medical/public health societies must lead attempts to respond to conscience‐based refusal and to safeguard reproductive health, medical integrity, and women's lives.