bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging Digital Archaeology
Authors: Huggett Jeremy 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA keynote presentation at the 2012 Computer Applications in Archaeology (CAA) conference in
Southampton (UK) proposed the use of grand challenges as a vehicle for identifying and pursuing major
advances in Digital Archaeology. At the same time, it was argued that this should be a collaborative venture.
This was taken forward at a round table session at the 2014 CAA in Paris, and a number of papers in this
volume were presented there. This paper introduces the concept of grand challenges for Digital Archaeology
and seeks to define their key characteristics.
High efficiency fabrication of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene submicron filaments/sheets by flash-spinning
Authors: Xia Lei , Xi Peng , Cheng Bo-wen 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel method for preparing continuous ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) filaments by flash-spinning. The filaments were processed by calendaring to obtain the sheets. The morphology of the filaments and the sheets, the forming process, the optimal fabrication conditions, mechanical properties, spinning speed, and the rate of spinning of the filaments were investigated. The results showed that the filaments were composed of bunches of microfibers and the diameter of the filaments and the microfibers ranged from 0.15 mm to 0.22 mm and 0.2 μm to 5 μm, respectively. For a given concentration of 5 wt% of the UHMWPE, optimal specimens were obtained only when the temperature was in the range 150–210°C and the pressure was in the range 8–20 MPa. The spinning speed and the polymer consumption increased with enhancement in the pressure and the value reached as high as 47.2 m/s and 116.7 g/min, respectively. The properties and the spinning efficiency of the filaments revealed that flash-spinning is a potential method for manufacturing commercial products in various fields of application.
Is the Labour Force Participation Rate Non-Stationary in Romania?
Authors: Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Mutascu Mihai 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to test hysteresis of the Romanian labour force participation rate, by using time series data, with quarterly frequency, covering the period 1999Q1-2013Q4. The main results reveal that the Romanian labour force participation rate is a nonlinear process and has a partial unit root (i.e. it is stationary in the first regime and non-stationary in the second one), the main breaking point being registered around year 2005. In this context, the value of using unemployment rate as an indicator for capturing joblessness in this country is debatable. Starting from 2005, the participation rate has not followed long-term changes in unemployment rate, the disturbances having permanent effects on labour force participation rate.
Probabilistic Fatigue Life Prediction of Turbine Disc Considering Model Parameter Uncertainty
Authors: He Liping , Yu Le , Zhu Shun-Peng , Ding Liangliang , Huang Hong-Zhong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAiming to improve the predictive ability of Walker model for fatigue life prediction and taking the turbine disc alloy GH4133 as the application example, this paper investigates a new approach for probabilistic fatigue life prediction when considering parameter uncertainty inherent in the life prediction model. Firstly, experimental data are used to update the model parameters using Bayes’ theorem, so as to obtain the posterior probability distribution functions of two parameters of the Walker model, as well to achieve the probabilistic life prediction model for turbine disc. During the updating process, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique is used to generate samples of the given distribution and estimating the parameters distinctly. After that, the turbine disc life is predicted using the probabilistic Walker model based on Monte Carlo simulation technique. The experimental results indicate that: (1) after using the small sample test data obtained from turbine disc, parameter uncertainty of the Walker model can be quantified and the corresponding probabilistic model for fatigue life prediction can be established using Bayes’ theorem; (2) there exists obvious dispersion of life data for turbine disc when predicting fatigue life in practical engineering application.
Das Gemeindemahl bei Tertullian in Apologeticum 39 – eine nichtsakramentale Agapefeier?
Authors: Georges Tobias 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In Apologeticum 39,14-19, Tertullian is focussing on the meal of the Christian community, and in 39,16, he alludes to the meal’s name as Agape. In consideration of the name Agape, Apologeticum 39 is usually taken for proof for the thesis that Tertullian was acquainted with a non-sacramental meal named Agape besides the celebration of the Eucharist to which he refers in other places. This thesis’ background is the traditional idea that, in Early Christianity, a non-sacramental communal banquet and the sacramental Eucharist were juxtaposed from the start or, at least, very early. Following recent studies which have called this view into question, this article focuses on Apologeticum 39 and contradicts the conventional interpretation of this chapter. The analysis of Apologeticum 39 reveals important arguments against the view that this chapter testifies the existence of an Agape meal distinguished from the Eucharist - and favours the view that in Apologeticum 39, we have a description of the one communal eucharistic meal.
Aufsätze / Essays. Exegese als Kampfmittel in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Heiden und Christen: Zum „Sündenbock“ von Lev 16 bei Julian und Kyrill von Alexandrien
Authors: Riedweg Christoph 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Without exegesis no philosophy and no theology either: that’s how one could - somewhat pointedly - outline the intellectual situation in Late Antiquity. To read and interprete texts that were generally recognized and taken to be normative, had become constitutive for pagan as well as for Jewish-Christian thinking at the latest since Platonism had acquired its predominant position in the Imperial Period.
In the controversy between pagans and Christians, too, the issue of the correct exegesis played a pivotal role. Whereas the right to adopt an “all-egorical” interpretation that transcends the literal meaning was claimed for one’s own tradition as a matter of course, it used on the other hand to be vigorously denied to the opponents.
In this paper, Julian the Apostate’s and Cyril of Alexandria’s dealing with the Mosaic account of the “scapegoat” in Lev 16 shall be analysed as a particularly intricate and paradoxical example (Contra Galilaeos [fr. 70 Masaracchia] and Contra Iulianum 9 [957B-969A] respectively). Whereas Julian, in his effort to highlight congruencies between Jewish und pagan cult practice, advocates a literal meaning of the scapegoat ritual, Cyril considers adequate only a figurative reading referring to Christ, since the passage otherwise would be in conflict with the Bible’s ban on sacrificing to other gods. The Patriarch of Alexandria thinks to be able to recognise in the two goats two different aspects of Christ’s work of salvation: according to his interpretation, the slaughtered goat refers to the passion of Jesus, whereas the “scapegoat” sent into the desert points to Christ’s resurrection, through which mankind has been delivered from death.
The fact that Cyril harshly rejects not only Julian’s pagan interpretation but also a di-prosopic, typological interpretation, sheds some light on the role this biblical passage must have played in the christological controversies of the 5th century C.E.
Einer ist Arzt, Christus: Medizinales Verständnis von Erlösung in der Theologie der griechischen Kirchenväter des zweiten bis vierten Jahrhunderts
Authors: Dörnemann Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMost of the soteriological metaphors used by the Greek Church Fathers have their origin in the philosophical traditions, but the content was Christianized. This particularly applies to the term “physician” that is attributed to God and especially to Jesus Christ. This new comprehensive meaning is grounded in the tradition of the Holy Bible and in the life and the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. The
TEA WITH MOTHER: SARAH PALIN AND THE DISCOURSE OF MOTHERHOOD AS A POLITICAL IDEAL
Authors: McCabe Janet 
Published: April 2015

Seldom has someone emerged so unexpectedly and sensationally on to the American political scene as Sarah Palin. With Palin came what had rarely, if ever, been seen before on a presidential trail: hockey moms, Caribou-hunting, pitbulls in lipstick parcelled as political weaponry. And let’s not forget those five children, including Track 19, set to deploy to Iraq, Bristol, and her unplanned pregnancy at 17, and Trig, a six-month-old infant with Down’s syndrome. Never before had motherhood been so finely balanced with US presidential politics. Biological vigour translated into political energy, motherhood transformed into an intoxicating political ideal. This article focuses on Sarah Palin and how her brand of “rugged Alaskan motherhood” (PunditMom 2008) became central to her media image, as well as what this representation has to tell us about the relationship between mothering as a political ideal, US politics, and the media.
THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH
Authors: Birringer Johannes 
Published: April 2015

“The Valley of the Shadow of Death” is a brief meditation on the refraction of sunsets over desolated landscapes, photography of war, and the viewer’s relationship to the death of the sublime. The essay references the Museum of Fine Arts Houston exhibition “WAR/PHOTOGRAPHY: Images of Armed Conflict and Its Aftermath” (2012-13) citing one of Roger Fenton’s famous manipulated pictures from the Crimean war (1856) showing an empty landscape with cannonballs.
REFRAMING THE CANADIAN OIL SANDS
Authors: Patchett Merle , Lozowy Andriko J 
Published: April 2015

“Reframing the Canadian Oil Sands” is a collaborative exchange between photographer Andriko Lozowy and cultural geographer Merle Patchett that engages photography and photographic theory to evoke a more critical and politically meaningful visual engagement with the world’s largest capital oil project. Since the appearance of Edward Burtynsky’s aerial and abstracted photographic-mappings of the region, capturing the scale of the Oil Sands from ‘on high’ has become the dominant visual imaginary. As a result, the dominant visual culture of Fort McMurray oil production is one of nullification or an erasure of representation. For the past five years Lozowy has been engaged in a photographic project—entitled Where is Fort McMurray?—which aims to explore and workwith this sense of erasure by attempting to capture the shifting (and shifted) landscapes of the Alberta Oil Sands from the roadside. For this special issue ofImaginationson “Sighting Oil”, Patchett and Lozowy have curated a set of Lozowy’s photographs to present an alternative, on-the-ground, view of Oil Sands production sites. Through both Lozowy’s images and Patchett’s framing curatorial essay, they explore the disruptive potential of the image and the capacity of photography to both neutralize and energize political engagement with the Canadian Oil Sands.”
AUSSTEIGEN (GETTING OUT) IMPOSSIBLE—MONTAGE AND LIFE SCENARIOS IN ANDRES VEIEL’S FILM BLACK BOX BRD
Authors: Seiler Anja Katharina 
Published: April 2015

Andres Veiel’s 2001 documentary film, Black Box BRD, links the biography of Alfred Herrhausen, RAF victim, with one of the 3rdgeneration RAF terrorists, Wolfgang Grams. In my paper, I trace how the film’s aesthetics introduce an image montage of two life scenarios by establishing both parallels and contrast, and therefore, following Susan Haywards definition “creates a third meaning” (112). I examine how the film establishes an aesthetic concept of Aussteigen (getting out)—along of the alive, visible bodies—the contemporary interviewees, and dead, invisible bodies—of Herrhausen and Grams.
“INSPIRED BY REAL EVENTS”—MEDIA (AND) MEMORY IN STEVEN SPIELBERG’S MUNICH (2005)
Authors: Nachreiner Thomas 
Published: April 2015

Steven Spielberg’s 2005 film Munich tells the story of an Israeli counter-terrorist team in the aftermath of the hijacking and massacre at the Olympic Games in 1972. The film spawned broad discussion about its historical accuracy and its political standpoint. While criticism primarily focused on the historiographical representation of the actions depicted, this paper analyzes in two steps the genuinely filmic mode of historical representation ofMunich. First, the analysis discusses the interplay of two conflicting narrative strategies that negotiate the character development with the political struggle. And second, analysis focuses on the two formal devices at the core of the narrative conflict: The reflexive framing of television in the depiction of the Munich massacre as a traumatic media event and the excessive transformation of its memory in a series of flashbacks. Such elaboration of the narrative and formal strategies reveals the implicit historiographical structures of the film and suggests that the notion of ‘cultural trauma’ serves as the preferential—but problematic—template in telling the history of terrorism and violence.
“JEDES HERZ…”: TERROR AND HORROR IN DIE FETTEN JAHRE SIND VORBEI
Authors: Johnson R. Eric 
Published: April 2015

Hans Weingartner’s Die Fetten Jahre Sind Vorbei, also known by its American title The Edukators, explores the relationship of a young anti-capitalist activist, Jan, with his own friends, the bourgeousie he opposes, and himself. Jan and his friends engage in some relatively benign but disruptive “terrorist” acts. Though the film cannot be said to belong to the horror genre, Die Fetten Jahre Sind Vorbei nonetheless employs horror elements and tropes to expose the intrinsically subjective definition of terrorism, and to explore terrorism’s relationship with the “other.”
SHOOTING HISTORY: AN INTERVIEW WITH SWISS ARTIST CHRISTOPH DRAEGER ABOUT THE REENACTMENT OF TERRORISM IN HIS VIDEO INSTALLATION BLACK SEPTEMBER (2002)
Authors: Baden Sebastian 
Published: April 2015

This contribution introduces to the video installation Black September (2002) by Swiss artist Christoph Draeger and presents statements of the artist given in an interview in 2012. Draeger collects media representations of disasters in order to reconfigure their inherent sensationalism later in his artworks. The video installation Black September consists of appropriated footage from a documentary movie and video sequences from a re-enactment of the historical events of September 5th 1972, the terrorist attack during the 20th Olympic Games in Munich. Even the artist himself gets involved in the play in his mimikry of a hostage-taker and terrorist. Thus he questions the conditions of the mutual constitution of cultural memory and collective memory. His video installation creates a “counter image” in reaction to the “omnipresent myth of terrorism”, generated by the tragedy of 9/11 and the media reports in its aftermath. Both terrorist attacks, in Munich 1972 and in New York 2001, mark a turning point in the visual dominance of terrorism. In the case of September 11th, the recurring images of the airplane-attacks and the explosion of the WTC, followed by its collapsing, symbolize the legacy of the “terror of attention”, that would affect every spectator. The video questions the limits of the “disaster zone” in fictional reality and mass media. The artwork re-creates central scenes of the event in 1972. It brings the terrorist action close to the spectator through emersive images, but technically obtains a critical distance through its mode of reflection upon the catastrophe.The installation Black September stimulates and simulates history and memory simultaneously. It fills the void of a traumatic narrative and tries to recapture the signs that have been unknown yet.
Managing Drilling Wastes: Detoxification of Two Formaldehyde-Releasing Biocides
Authors: Fallahtafti S. 
Published: April 2015

Summary
An increased awareness of the environmental impact and operational costs associated with freshwater usage and wastewater disposal in energy production has shifted industry interest toward replacing freshwater sources with lower-quality or recycled water in oilfield applications, and has highlighted the importance of addressing toxicity as part of a successful waste-management plan. Poor-quality and recycled waters often contain high concentrations of bacterial assemblages, which can cause operational challenges such as corrosion, slime formation, and souring. Microbial-control agents, such as biocides, are subsequently necessary to manage bacteriological problems. However, these chemicals are highly reactive and can react indiscriminately with biological targets, making their toxicity both a performance metric and an ecological, human-health, and disposal concern. The luminescent-bacteria toxicity test presented in this work, for instance, is a key regulatory parameter in the pumpoff and landspray disposal of drilling fluids in Alberta, Canada. Considering the necessary toxicity of biocides, controlled detoxification following use is a pertinent factor in responsible hazard management. Formaldehyde-releasing agents are the most widely used category of microbial-control additives that slowly and continuously release small amounts of formaldehyde, a toxic environmental pollutant and known human carcinogen. This research evaluated the acute (short-term) aquatic toxicity of two liquid formaldehyde-releasing biocides, identified necessary parameters for their detoxification, measured the resulting change in their toxicity over time, and used regulatory requirements for toxicity testing set by the Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) for drilling-waste management to evaluate the practical relevance of this detoxification to waste-management practices. The additives investigated were a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS)-based product, and a 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMDMH)-based product. Laboratory results suggest that the THPS-based additive was more toxic than the DMDMH-based additive on a percent volume basis, and pH was an important factor in THPS toxicity. Aeration alone decreased the toxicity of DMDMH over the course of the experiment, while a combination of aeration and pH increase were necessary to decrease the toxicity of THPS over the same time period.
This work presents a proof of concept for a relatively simple and cost-effective detoxification of the evaluated additives, highlights the key parameters for this process, and uses toxicity-threshold levels referenced by the AER drilling-waste-management directive to evaluate their application in waste-assessment practices.
Volumetric Analysis of Two-Phase Flowback Data for Fracture Characterization
Authors: Xu Y. , Adefidipe O.A. , Dehghanpour H. , Virues C.J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Analysis of early-time production data obtained during the ‘flowback’ period presents the earliest opportunity to characterize a stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Previous studies have developed analytical models/methods to analyze two-phase flowback data for fracture characterization. However, the mechanisms responsible for the early-time gas production in shales are poorly understood. The objective of this paper is to understand the mechanisms responsible for early gas production and develop a mathematical model to estimate effective fracture volume.
The study incorporates a comprehensive field data analysis from 8 wells of a single well pad completed in the Horn River Basin. Firstly, we develop several diagnostic plots [production rates, cumulative gas production (Gp) vs. cumulative water production (Wp), GWR vs. Gp] to identify the early time trends/signatures. The Gas-Water-Ratio (GWR) plots from the wells considered indicate a V-shape trend, dividing the flowback data into two regions: 1) Early Gas Production-EGP and 2) Late Gas Production-LGP. Water rate increases during EGP, resulting in a decreasing GWR curve. Production then ’rolls over’ to the gas dominant phase with a positive GWR slope.
Secondly, we introduce a method to estimate effective fracture volume by assuming a simplistic two-phase tank model for the fracture system. Conventional p/Z analysis shows that the fracture network can be approximated by a tank model during the EGP phase and that the dominant main mechanisms during EGP include the expansion of initial free gas in fractures (IGIF), fracture closure and the expansion of residual frac fluids (water). Effective fracture volume is calculated using a modified material balance approach for the two-phase system. The material balance approach enables the estimation of effective fracture volume regardless of the fracture geometry. Finally, the proposed model is validated by numerical simulation and is applied to estimate effective fracture volume using field production data.
Common Sense Reconditioning Experiences with Idle Wells in California
Authors: Tehrani Nima Fotouhi , Ershaghi Iraj 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper examines producers' success in application of some new and some old workover technologies on 70 idle and orphan wells in California. Wells selected represent different producing regions in California. The study shows, while economic incentives have played a key role, the guiding light has been focusing on the in-place oil rather than dismal production records, before wells were placed on idle or orphan conditions. For each of the wells, we reviewed the well production potential including water production, well completion data and remedial actions taken after putting the wells back on production.
Using publicly available data sources from DOGGR, we traced the workover history of 70 wells in different producing regions of California that were shut down or became orphan wells during the last 20 years mostly because of poor economics. These wells during the last 1-15 years have been revitalized by small producers and in many cases have shown significant rebound in productivity of oil with also reduced water production. Our observation highlighted the significant of weighing the remaining oil in place over poor well productivity as a basis for well abandonment and or work overs on idle wells. But we also noted cases that attending to wellbore cleanup, and/or fixing the lifting mechanism and/or re-perforation of neglected intervals resulted in rehabilitation of poor wells.
Optimization of Gravity-Stable Surfactant Flooding
Authors: Lu Jun , Pope Gary A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Horizontal surfactant floods are inherently unstable without mobility control. However, a vertical surfactant flood can be stabilized by gravity provided the velocity is below the critical velocity. A modified stability theory was validated by comparison with a series of surfactant displacement experiments. These experiments also demonstrate that the critical velocity can be increased by optimizing the viscosity of the microemulsion that forms when the surfactant solution mixes with the oil in the porous medium. The microemulsion viscosity is sensitive to formulation variables such as the amount and type of co-solvent added to the surfactant solution. By changing surfactant components, cosolvents, and the concentration of the co-solvents, we were able to successfully control the microemulsion viscosity at optimum salinity in order to optimize the critical velocities in each surfactant flood. The experiments using optimized microemulsions show that the surfactant flood velocity can be significantly inceased and still recover nearly 100% of the oil.