bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of metatexite and diatexite migmatites determined using zircon U–Pb age, trace element and Hf isotope data, Higo metamorphic terrane, central Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Maki K. , Yui T‐F. , Miyazaki K. , Fukuyama M. , Wang K‐L. , Martens U. , Grove M. , Liou J. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMetatexite and diatexite migmatites are widely distributed within the upper amphibolite and granulite facies zones of the Higo low‐P/high‐Tmetamorphic terrane. Here, we report data from an outcrop in the highest grade part of the granulite facies zone, in which diatexite occurs as a 3 m thick layer between 2 m thick layers of stromatic‐structured metatexite within pelitic gneiss. The migmatites and gneiss contain the same peak mineral assemblage of biotite + plagioclase + quartz + garnet + K‐feldspar with retrograde chlorite ± muscovite and some accessory minerals of ilmenite ± rutile ± titanite + apatite + zircon + monazite ± pyrite ± zinc sulphide ± calcite. Calculated metamorphicP–Tconditions are 800–900 °C and 9–12 kbar. Zircon in the diatexite forms elongate euhedral crystals with oscillatory zoning, but no core–rim structure. Zircon from the gneiss and metatexite forms euhedral–subhedral grains comprising inherited cores overgrown by thin rims. The overgrowth rims in the metatexite have lower Th/U ratios than zircon in the diatexite and yield a206Pb/238U age of 116.0 ± 1.6 Ma, which is older than the 110.1 ± 0.6 Ma206Pb/238U age derived from zircon in the diatexite. Zircon from the diatexite has variableREEcontents with convex upward patterns and flat normalizedHREE, whereas the overgrowth rims in the metatexite and gneiss have steepHREE‐enriched patterns; however, both types have similar positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies.176Hf/177Hf ratios in the overgrowth rims from the metatexite are more variable and generally lower than values from zircon in the diatexite. Based on U–Pb ages, trace element and Hf isotope data, the zircon rims in the metatexite are interpreted to have crystallized from a locally derived melt, following partial dissolution of inherited protolith zircon during anatexis, whereas the zircon in the diatexite is interpreted to have crystallized from a melt that included an externally derived component. By integrating zircon and petrographic data for the migmatites and pelitic gneiss, the metatexite migmatite is interpreted to have formed byin situpartial melting in which the melt did not migrate from the source, whereas the diatexite migmatite included an externally derived juvenile component. The Cretaceous high‐temperature metamorphism of the Higo metamorphic terrane is interpreted to reflect emplacement of mantle‐derived basalts under a volcanic arc along the eastern margin of the Eurasian continent and advection of heat via hybrid silicic melts from the lower crust. Post‐peak crystallization of anatectic melts in a high‐Tregion at mid‐crustal depths occurred in the intervalc. 116–110 Ma, as indicated by the difference in zircon ages from the metatexite and diatexite migmatites.
The ketogenic diet component decanoic acid increases mitochondrial citrate synthase and complex I activity in neuronal cells
Authors: Hughes Sean David , Kanabus Marta , Anderson Glenn , Hargreaves Iain P. , Rutherford Tricia , Donnell Maura O’ , Cross J. Helen , Rahman Shamima , Eaton Simon , Heales Simon J. R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective treatment with regards to treating pharmaco‐resistant epilepsy. However, there are difficulties around compliance and tolerability. Consequently, there is a need for refined/simpler formulations that could replicate the efficacy of theKD. One of the proposed hypotheses is that theKDincreases cellular mitochondrial content which results in elevation of the seizure threshold. Here, we have focussed on the medium‐chain triglyceride form of the diet and the observation that plasma octanoic acid (C8) and decanoic acid (C10) levels are elevated in patients on the medium‐chain triglycerideKD. Using a neuronal cell line (SH‐SY5Y), we demonstrated that 250‐μM C10, but not C8, caused, over a 6‐day period, a marked increase in the mitochondrial enzyme, citrate synthase along with complex I activity and catalase activity. Increased mitochondrial number was also indicated by electron microscopy. C10 is a reported peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ agonist, and the use of a peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ antagonist was shown to prevent the C10‐mediated increase in mitochondrial content and catalase. C10 may mimic the mitochondrial proliferation associated with theKDand raises the possibility that formulations based on this fatty acid could replace a more complex diet.imageWe propose that decanoic acid (C10) results in increased mitochondrial number. Our data suggest that this may occur via the activation of the PPARγ receptor and its target genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. This finding could be of significant benefit to epilepsy patients who are currently on a strict ketogenic diet. Evidence that C10 on its own can modulate mitochondrial number raises the possibility that a simplified and less stringent C10‐based diet could be developed.
Effects of the selective sigma‐1 receptor antagonist S1RA on formalin‐induced pain behavior and neurotransmitter release in the spinal cord in rats
Authors: Vidal‐Torres Alba , Fernández‐Pastor Begoña , Carceller Alicia , Vela José Miguel , Merlos Manuel , Zamanillo Daniel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe have previously shown that the selective sigma‐1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist S1RA (E‐52862) inhibits neuropathic pain and activity‐induced spinal sensitization in various pre‐clinical pain models. In this study we characterized both the behavioral and the spinal neurochemical effects of S1RA in the rat formalin test. Systemic administration of S1RA produced a dose‐related attenuation of flinching and lifting/licking behaviors in the formalin test. Neurochemical studies using concentric microdialysis in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of awake, freely moving rats revealed that the systemic S1RA‐induced antinociceptive effect occurs concomitantly with an enhancement of noradrenaline levels and an attenuation of formalin‐evoked glutamate release in the spinal dorsal horn. Intrathecal pre‐treatment with idazoxan prevented the systemic S1RA antinociceptive effect, suggesting that the S1RA antinociception depends on the activation of spinal α2‐adrenoceptors which, in turn, could induce an inhibition of formalin‐evoked glutamate release. When administered locally, intrathecal S1RA inhibited only the flinching behavior, whereas intracerebroventricularly or intraplantarly injected also attenuated the lifting/licking behavior. These results suggest that S1RA supraspinally activates the descending noradrenergic pain inhibitory system, which may explain part of its antinociceptive properties in the formalin test; however, effects at other central and peripheral sites also account for the overall effect.
image
Formalin‐induced nociceptive effect occurs concomitantly with an enhancement of glutamate (Glu) level in the dorsal horn spinal cord. The selective σ1 receptor antagonist S1RA results in inhibition of formalin‐evoked Glu release, no modification of GABA levels, and enhancement of noradrenaline (NA) levels. This increased spinal NA activates spinal α2‐adrenoceptors producing the attenuation of the formalin‐induced pain behaviour
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Bound Stents:Application of In Situ Capture Technology of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Porcine Coronary Model
Authors: TAKABATAKE SHU , HAYASHI KENSHI , NAKANISHI CHIAKI , HAO HIROYUKI , SAKATA KENJI , KAWASHIRI MASA‐AKI , MATSUDA TAKEHISA , YAMAGISHI MASAKAZU 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluated the in vivo performance of a newly devised vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐bound stent in a porcine coronary model.BackgroundAn anti‐CD34 antibody‐bound stent, which captures endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to accelerate tissue formation, did not reduce intimal hyperplasia. By targeting the VEGF receptor, which is expressed on endothelial‐lineage cells, we developed VEGF‐bound stents that may enable selective capture of EPCs followed by rapid endothelialization.MethodsMetallic stents were first coated with poly‐(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol), and then chemically bound with either VEGF or anti‐CD34 antibody. These stents were placed in porcine coronary arteries for up to 14 days. Stent surface was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and by scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultsAfter 2‐day stenting with VEGF‐bound stents, small populations of KDR (VEGF receptor‐2)‐positive cells adhered to the stent struts. After 7‐ and 14‐day stenting, struts were fully covered with newly regenerated tissue. SEM images showed that the uniform tissue formed on struts was morphologically similar to native endothelium and was continuously connected with adjacent native endothelium. On the other hand, for the anti‐CD34 antibody‐bound stents, stent struts were rapidly covered by newly generated tissue that consisted of multicellular aggregates.ConclusionsCompared with anti‐CD34 antibody‐bound stents, VEGF‐bound stents provide highly selective capture of EPCs, followed by rapid formation of intact endothelium tissue at an early period of stenting. These results suggest that VEGF‐bound stents could represent a promising therapeutic option for cardiovascular stenting, although further long‐term follow‐up experiment with double‐blinded fashion is needed prior to clinical application. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:63–72)
Evolving biomarkers improve prediction of long‐term mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease: the BIO‐VILCAD score
Authors: Kleber M. E. , Goliasch G. , Grammer T. B. , Pilz S. , Tomaschitz A. , Silbernagel G. , Maurer G. , März W. , Niessner A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveAlgorithms to predict the future long‐term risk of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) are rare. The VIenna and Ludwigshafen CAD (VILCAD) risk score was one of the first scores specifically tailored for this clinically important patient population. The aim of this study was to refine risk prediction in stable CAD creating a new prediction model encompassing various pathophysiological pathways. Therefore, we assessed the predictive power of 135 novel biomarkers for long‐term mortality in patients with stable CAD.Design, setting and subjectsWe included 1275 patients with stable CAD from the LUdwigshafen RIsk and Cardiovascular health study with a median follow‐up of 9.8 years to investigate whether the predictive power of the VILCAD score could be improved by the addition of novel biomarkers. Additional biomarkers were selected in a bootstrapping procedure based on Cox regression to determine the most informative predictors of mortality.ResultsThe final multivariable model encompassed nine clinical and biochemical markers: age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), heart rate, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, cystatin C, renin, 25OH‐vitamin D3 and haemoglobin A1c. The extended VILCAD biomarker score achieved a significantly improved C‐statistic (0.78 vs. 0.73; P = 0.035) and net reclassification index (14.9%; P < 0.001) compared to the original VILCAD score. Omitting LVEF, which might not be readily measureable in clinical practice, slightly reduced the accuracy of the new BIO‐VILCAD score but still significantly improved risk classification (net reclassification improvement 12.5%; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe VILCAD biomarker score based on routine parameters complemented by novel biomarkers outperforms previous risk algorithms and allows more accurate classification of patients with stable CAD, enabling physicians to choose more personalized treatment regimens for their patients.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Zucchini Squash Lethal Chlorosis and its Relationship with the Frankliniella zucchini Population
Authors: Moreira Alécio S. , Cônsoli Renata C. M. , Barbosa Júlio Cesar , Filho Armando Bergamin , Rezende Jorge Alberto M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLethal chlorosis of cucurbits, caused by the tospovirus Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus (ZLCV), is an important disease in the Brazilian zucchini squash crop. The virus is transmitted by the thrips Frankliniella zucchini. Progress of the disease in time and space was studied in zucchini squash experimental fields to better understand disease epidemiology. Nine independent experiments were carried out between December 2006 and September 2010. The effects of the disease were assessed every 2–7 days, depending on the experiment. The thrips population was monitored in five of these experiments. For disease progress over time, four models (exponential, monomolecular, logistic and Gompertz) were tested. Disease progress in space analysis included both the index of dispersion and Taylor's power law. The monomolecular model was the best fit to the disease incidence data, and spatial analysis indicated aggregated diseased plants at the end of the season in most experiments. A correlation was detected between the number of collected thrips and the incidence of zucchini squash lethal chlorosis. The results indicate that the thrips population significantly contributed to the primary spread of disease incidence. We propose that disease management should focus mainly on the elimination of the source of the inoculum.
Systematic analysis of a wasp parasitism arsenal
Authors: Burke Gaelen R. , Strand Michael R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractParasitoid wasps are among the most diverse insects on earth with many species causing major mortality in host populations. Parasitoids introduce a variety of factors into hosts to promote parasitism, including symbiotic viruses, venom, teratocytes and wasp larvae. Polydnavirus‐carrying wasps use viruses to globally suppress host immunity and prevent rejection of developing parasites. Although prior results provide detailed insights into the genes viruses deliver to hosts, little is known about other products. RNAseq and proteomics were used to characterize the proteins secreted by venom glands, teratocytes and larvae from Microplitis demolitor, which carries M. demolitor bracovirus (MdBV). These data revealed that venom glands and teratocytes secrete large amounts of a small number of products relative to ovaries and larvae. Venom and teratocyte products exhibited almost no overlap with one another or MdBV genes, which suggested that M. demolitor effector molecules are functionally partitioned according to their source. This finding was well illustrated in the case of MdBV and teratocytes. Many viral proteins have immunosuppressive functions that include disruption of antimicrobial peptide production, yet this study showed that teratocytes express high levels of the antimicrobial peptide hymenoptaecin, which likely compensates for MdBV‐mediated immunosuppression. A second key finding was the prevalence of duplications among genes encoding venom and teratocyte molecules. Several of these gene families share similarities with proteins from other species, while also showing specificity of expression in venom glands or teratocytes. Overall, these results provide the first comprehensive analysis of the proteins a polydnavirus‐carrying wasp introduces into its host.
Habitat‐driven population structure of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in the North‐East Atlantic
Authors: Louis Marie , Viricel Amélia , Lucas Tamara , Peltier Hélène , Alfonsi Eric , Berrow Simon , Brownlow Andrew , Covelo Pablo , Dabin Willy , Deaville Rob , de Stephanis Renaud , Gally François , Gauffier Pauline , Penrose Rod , Silva Monica A. , Guinet Christophe , Simon‐Bouhet Benoit 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDespite no obvious barrier to gene flow, historical environmental processes and ecological specializations can lead to genetic differentiation in highly mobile animals. Ecotypes emerged in several large mammal species as a result of niche specializations and/or social organization. In the North‐West Atlantic, two distinct bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) ecotypes (i.e. ‘coastal’ and ‘pelagic’) have been identified. Here, we investigated the genetic population structure of North‐East Atlantic (NEA) bottlenose dolphins on a large scale through the analysis of 381 biopsy‐sampled or stranded animals using 25 microsatellites and a 682‐bp portion of the mitochondrial control region. We shed light on the likely origin of stranded animals using a carcass drift prediction model. We showed, for the first time, that coastal and pelagic bottlenose dolphins were highly differentiated in the NEA. Finer‐scale population structure was found within the two groups. We suggest that distinct founding events followed by parallel adaptation may have occurred independently from a large Atlantic pelagic population in the two sides of the basin. Divergence could be maintained by philopatry possibly as a result of foraging specializations and social organization. As coastal environments are under increasing anthropogenic pressures, small and isolated populations might be at risk and require appropriate conservation policies to preserve their habitats. While genetics can be a powerful first step to delineate ecotypes in protected and difficult to access taxa, ecotype distinction should be further documented through diet studies and the examination of cranial skull features associated with feeding.
Diversity and abundance of phyllosphere bacteria are linked to insect herbivory
Authors: Humphrey Parris T. , Nguyen Trang T. , Villalobos Martha M. , Whiteman Noah K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSimultaneous or sequential attack by herbivores and microbes is common in plants. Many seed plants exhibit a defence trade‐off against chewing herbivorous insects and leaf‐colonizing (‘phyllosphere’) bacteria, which arises from cross‐talk between the phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA, induced by many herbivores) and salicylic acid (SA, induced by many bacteria). This cross‐talk may promote reciprocal susceptibility in plants between phyllosphere bacteria and insect herbivores. In a population of native bittercress (Cardamine cordifolia, Brassicaceae), we tested whether simulating prior damage with JA or SA treatment induced resistance or susceptibility (respectively) to chewing herbivores. In parallel, we conducted culture‐dependent surveys of phyllosphere bacteria to test the hypothesis that damage by chewing herbivores correlates positively with bacterial abundance in leaves. Finally, we tested whether bacterial infection induced susceptibility to herbivory by a major chewing herbivore of bittercress, Scaptomyza nigrita (Drosophilidae). Overall, our results suggest that reciprocal susceptibility to herbivory and microbial attack occurs in bittercress. We found that JA treatment reduced and SA treatment increased S. nigrita herbivory in bittercress in the field. Bacterial abundance was higher in herbivore‐damaged vs. undamaged leaves (especially Pseudomonas syringae). However, Pedobacter spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens infections were negatively associated with herbivory. Experimental Pseudomonas spp. infections increased S. nigrita herbivory in bittercress. Thus, plant defence signalling trade‐offs can have important ecological consequences in nature that may be reflected in a positive correlation between herbivory and phyllosphere bacterial abundance and diversity. Importantly, the strength and direction of this association varies within and among prevalent bacterial groups.
Trend and Initial Condition in Stationarity Tests: The Asymptotic Analysis
Authors: Skrobotov Anton 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the behaviour of stationarity tests proposed by Müller [Journal of Econometrics (2005) Vol. 128, pp. 195–213] and Harris et al. [Econometric Theory (2007) Vol. 23, pp. 355–363] with uncertainty over the trend and/or initial condition. As different tests are efficient for different magnitudes of local trend and initial condition, following Harvey et al. [Journal of Econometrics (2012) Vol. 169, pp. 188–195], we propose decision rule based on the rejection of null hypothesis for multiple tests. Additionally, we propose a modification of this decision rule, relying on additional information about the magnitudes of the local trend and/or the initial condition that is obtained through pre‐testing. The resulting modification has satisfactory size properties under both uncertainty types.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with diagnosis and severity of childhood atopic dermatitis
Authors: Wang Susan Shuxin , Hon Kam Lun , Kong Alice Pik‐shan , Pong Henry Nga‐hin , Wong Gary Wing‐kin , Leung Ting Fan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies implicated the importance of vitamin D in innate immune defense and pathogenesis of allergic diseases. However, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosis and severity remains unclear. This case–control study investigated such relationship in Hong Kong Chinese children.MethodsSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of 498 AD children and 328 non‐allergic controls were measured by immunoassay. Subjects were categorized into deficient (<25 nm), insufficient (25–49.9 nm), and sufficient (≥50 nm) groups. Short‐term and long‐term AD severity was evaluated by physician‐diagnosed SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS), respectively. Atopy biomarkers were also measured for analysis.ResultsThe mean (s.d.) serum 25(OH)D levels in AD patients and controls were 28.9 (15.3) and 34.2 (14.5) nm, respectively (p < 0.001). More patients had serum 25(OH)D levels <25 nm than controls (47.8% vs. 26.6%). AD severity as indicated by both SCORAD and NESS showed inverse associations with serum 25(OH)D levels (respective p = 3.6 × 10−4 and 0.004 when adjusted for age, sex, month of assessment, and immunoassay batch as covariates). Vitamin D‐deficient patients (3.08 ± 0.76) had higher logarithm‐transformed total IgE than those with insufficient (2.74 ± 0.69) and sufficient (2.72 ± 0.72) serum 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.001). The proportion of subjects with elevated IgE was higher in vitamin D‐deficient (43.2%) than vitamin D‐sufficient (20.0%) groups.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are prevalent in Hong Kong Chinese children. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with childhood AD and high total IgE. Serum 25(OH)D levels correlate inversely with both long‐ and short‐term AD severity.
Modern management of primary T‐cell immunodeficiencies
Authors: Pachlopnik Schmid Jana , Güngör Tayfun , Seger Reinhard 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe study of human T‐cell PIDs with Mendelian inheritance has enabled the molecular characterization of important key functions and pathways in T‐cell biology. In most cases, T‐cell PIDs become apparent as combined T‐ and B‐cell deficiencies. Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are characterized by a complete lack of T‐cell development and, in some cases, a developmental block in other lymphoid lineages and manifest within the first year of life. Combined immunodeficiency syndromes (CIDs) result from hypomorphic mutations in typical SCID associated genes or from partial defects of T‐cell development and manifest later in childhood by increased susceptibility to infection often combined with disturbances in immune homeostasis, e.g., autoimmunity and increased incidence in lymphoproliferation. The discovery of mutations and characterization of the cellular changes that underlie lymphocyte defects and immune dysregulation have led to novel, specific, successful therapies for severe diseases which are often fatal if left untreated. Over the last few years, impressive progress has been made in understanding the disease mechanisms of T‐cell immunodeficiencies and in improving the long‐term outcomes of potentially curative treatments, including gene therapy.