bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Heterosis and some Genetic Parameters of Half Diallel Crosses in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Al-Jubouri Raeed M. A. , Mohammed Mohammed I. , Thaer Al-Mafarji Tariq Raad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ten genotypes (Gimbson, Saganto, DK 6050, Agr-183, ZM47W, CML494, IK58, ZP505, ZP670 and ZP197) of maize crop were used in this study. They were introduced into half diallel crosses, and the parents and crosses were planted in an agricultural field in Kirkuk Governorate using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were recorded for traits (number of ears plant-1, ears length, ear diameter, number of rows ear-1, number of kernels row-1, number of kernels ear-1, weight of 300 kernels, and plant yield). Analysis of variance showed that the mean squares of (genotypes), (parents), (crosses) and (parents vs crosses) were significant at the probability level (1%) for traits under study, which are all traits except for ears length, number of rows ear-1 traits did not reach the level of statistical significance. It is also noted that the degree of heritability in the broad and narrow sense of all traits was high but expected genetic Advance values for the studied traits were low in the traits (number of ears plant-1 and ears length), and medium in ear diameter, and high in traits (number of rows ear-1, number of kernels row-1, number of rows ear-1, weight of 300 kernels and plant yield). Showed heterosis compared as a mean parent as a percentage that superior crosses (1×8), (2×9), and (2×10) in seven traits: (number of ears plant-1, ears length, number of rows ear-1, number of kernels ear-1, number of kernels ear-1, weight of 300 kernels, and plant yield). Showed Heterobeltiosis compared as a Beter parent as a percentage for most hybrids and in all traits, as crosses excelled (7×10) in traits (ears length, number of rows ear-1, number of kernels row-1, number of kernels row-1, weight of 300 kernels and plant yield).
The Impact of Varying Concentrations of Bio and Organic Fertilisers, as Well as the Application of Neutral Nano-Fertilizer (N-P-K), on Maize Growth and Harvest
Authors: Abu Hamad Ammar Hadi Abbas , Hamza Mahdi Abdel , Hussain Abdul Karim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in Babylon province / Al-Mussaib project during the 2023 agricultural season to study the effect of bio and organic fertilization and nano-fertilizer spraying stages on Maize. It was applied as a split-split plot experiment according to the R.C.B.D. complete randomized block design with three factors. The main plots included three different stages of spraying of balanced nano-fertilizer NPK (20:20:20) with a concentration of (2) g.L-1, sprayed on the vegetative parts of the plants after one month of planting the seeds. The sub-plots included four levels of organic matter (control treatment, cow waste 8 tons. ha-1, palm frond waste 8 tons. ha-1, cow waste mixture 4 tons. ha-1 + Palm frond waste 4 tons ha-1, the sub-sub-plots included four levels of biofertilizer with the control treatment, without biofertilization (control), fungal biofertilization (Mycorrhizae: Glomus mosseae), and bacterial biofertilization: which are A mixture of three types of bacteria: (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Pseudomonas fluorescens), a mixture of (fungal biofertilization + bacterial biofertilization). The results showed the excelled of the triple(A3B1C3) interaction of the combination consisting of (spraying stage (S8+S10) with the addition of 8 tons of cow waste ha-1 with the addition of the treatment (bacteria + fungus from the biofertilizer) significantly increased the vegetative growth and yield components traits and gave the highest average in Plant height (215.35 cm), Leaf area (6494.5cm2), Biological yield (18.843 tons.ha-1) and Harvest Index (52.98%). The study concluded that bio and organic fertilization, either alone or in combination, can stimulate microbial activity and increase the availability of nutrients in the soil, and that the use of bio and organic fertilizers + nano-fertilizers can be used as an alternative fertilizer to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers.
Response of Several Maize Cultivars to Potassium Fertilizer Levels
Authors: Abdulkareem Baraa M. , Aoad Sanaa Rashed , AL-Jabbar Salih Mustafa Abed , Abdulhamed Zeyad A. , Abood Nihad M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the response of four maize cultivars to potassium fertilization. The research was conducted in the center of Ramadi city, Anbar Governorate, in the fields of one of the farmers during the spring and autumn seasons of 2023. A factorial experiment was conducted according to randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. The potassium levels were (0, 100, 200) kg ha-1, and four cultivars (Rabi, Al-Maha, Baghdad, 5018). The results showed that the Al-Maha cultivar outperformed in grain yield (7.58 tons ha-1), highest weight of 300 grains (83.31 g in the spring season), and Baghdad cultivar for the autumn season at 8.90 tons ha-1, as well as highest number of grains per ear (789.4 grains). The potassium fertilizer level of 200 kg.ha-1achieved early female flowering (silking), highest plant height, leaf area, number of grains per ear, and grain yield in both seasons. There was a significant interaction between the cultivars and potassium fertilizer levels in all traits except for the weight of 300 grains.
Evaluation of the Performance of Single Cross Maize Hybrids and Their Parents in the Spring and Autumn Seasons
Authors: Kazem Kamal Ahmad , Abed Nadhum Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted using five pure lines of maize: 1= NADH 102, 2= NASA 2022, 3= NAEL 2022, 4= NA 9928 E, and 5= NADH 2006. In the first season of spring 2022, a half-diallel hybridization program was implemented to obtain (10) single cross hybrids. Then, the parents and single cross hybrids were planted in a comparative experiment in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadriyah during the spring and autumn seasons of 2023 following a randomized complete block design with four replicates. To study the number of days to tasseling, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, row number, grain number per row, ear length, ear number, weight of 100 grains, and individual plant yield, the results of the study revealed significant differences among the genotypes. Parent 1 recorded the highest plant yield at 289.90 and 297.46 grams plant-1 for both seasons due to its superior weight of 100 grains (25.71 and 26.41 grams) for both seasons. Parent 3 did not differ significantly from parent 1, with a yield of 260.00 and 280.23 grams plant-1 for both seasons respectively, due to its superiority in the highest number of ear rows, grain per rows, and ear grains (18.16 and 18.25 rows ear-1, 30.75 and 32.08 grains row-1, and 559.1 and 585.1 grain ear-1) respectively for both seasons. Among the hybrids, the single cross hybrid (4×2) excelled with the highest plant yield at 427.64 and 450.44 grams plant-1 due to its superiority in plant height and weight of 100 grains (186.75 and 215.37 cm and 29.89 and 28.05 grams) respectively for both seasons. Similarly, the hybrid (5×1) did not differ significantly from hybrid (4×2) with a plant yield of 425.60 and 432.44 grams per plant respectively for both seasons, due to its early tasseling (56.00 and 46.00 days) respectively for both seasons. It also excelled in the number of grains ear-1 (547.2 and 581.4 grains ear-) respectively for both seasons. We propose studying single cross hybrid at different planting dates to demonstrate their ability to adapt to the Iraqi climate and to test them under stressful conditions such as drought.
The Effect of Selective Weed Herbicides on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its Main Weeds
Authors: Ali Al-Luhiby Jassim Khader , Ahmed Muhammad Ramadan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the research station of the Field Crops Department of the College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the winter season 2022-2023, with the aim of knowing the effect of the concentrations of two herbicides, as well as the competitive ability of some bread wheat varieties. A completely randomized block design (split-factorial) was used. The experiment includes tow factors. The first is the. (herbicides) in main plot : Selective weed herbicides to combat the weeds accompanying the wheat crop. In addition to the first indoor treatment (Atlantis) to combat narrow and broad-leaved weeds, with three concentrations (480, 320, 160) g/ha + (480) milliliters of diffuser for every 400 liters/ha. Secondly (Topic) to combat the narrow-leaved weeds at a concentration of (600, 300, 900) liters/ha, ml per 400 liters/ha. In addition to the comparison treatment untreated (control), where it was sprayed with distilled water only. The second factor is the variety factor: three varieties of soft wheat crop, namely (Badriya, Gad and Bentlou). The results of the experiment showed the following: The Badriya variety recorded the lowest percentage of Weediness for the Weed density trait and the highest height in cm, reaching (113.38) plants/m2, (72.96)cm2 respectively. While the Bentlo variety was (3.20) tons/ha, while no significance was recorded in the leaf area and the number of grains in spike. It was observed that the treatment of the herbicide Atlantis at the recommended concentration was superior to the Weed density characteristic, the number of grains in spike, and the total grain yield, respectively, reaching (90.98) plants. /m2, (20.58) m2 (80.72) tons. E-1, while the comparison treatment for plant height and the recommended (Topic) for flag leaf area were (75.85) cm and (20.58) m2, respectively.
The Response of Several Sesame Cultivars to Foliar Spraying with Potassium on Yield and Quality
Authors: Shiaa Harith H. , Ajaj Hamed A. Q. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During the summer of 2023, researchers from the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar’s Hamidhia Research Station studied four different sesame cultivars to determine how potassium applied foliarly affected their productivity and quality. A split-plot layout with three replicates was used to create the experiment, which followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The cultivars (Wada’a, Black Malaysian, Magnali 53, and Golmarmuros) were located in the sub-plot, whereas the main plots were assigned potassium values of 0, 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg L-1. Among the experimentally measured characteristics, the Magnali53 cultivar outperformed the others in the following areas: total seed yield (3.10 tons ha-1), oil percentage (50.13%), number of capsules per plant (301.5 capsules plant-1), number of seeds per capsule (68.96 seeds capsule-1), and total seed weight (3.23 g). On the other hand, the Black Malaysian cultivar exhibited the highest percentage of protein in its seeds (15.52%). On average, plants sprayed with 4000 mg L-1 produced the most capsules per plant, the most seeds per capsule, and a total seed yield of 3.09 tons ha-1. On the other hand, plants sprayed with 6000 mg L-1 produced the most oil percentage (50.25%) and protein percentage (17.83%). For the majority of the characteristics that were examined, the results showed that the cultivars and potassium content interacted significantly. By itself, the Magnali 53 cultivar at 4000 mg L-1 produced more capsules per plant, more seeds per capsule, and higher seed output. When combined with the same cultivar at 6000 mg L-1, it produced a higher proportion of oil and protein.
Effect of Sorghum Bicolor and Sunflower Residue Quantities on Growth and Yield of Wheat Triticum aestivum L. and Accompanied Weed
Authors: Muhammad Wathiq Hussein , Saleh Shaker Mahdi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at the research station of the Field Crops Department - the College of Agriculture - Tikrit University during winter season 2022-2023 with an aim of studying the effect of the residues of some summer crops such as white corn and sunflower on the germination and growth of winter bushes growing with the wheat crop and the effect of this on the growth and yield of the wheat crop. The experiment was applied using a completely randomized block design RCBD, with three replicates and two factors, the first is the white corn residue, the sunflower residue, and weed killer, and the second is the amount of residue, which is without residue, adding 1.5 tons/Hectare Adding 3 tons/Hectare For both types, related traits were studied in the jungle it included (plant density, percentage of control, and dry weight of bush plants), wheat traits that included growth traits such as (plant height, leaf area, and total number of shoots), and also included yield traits and its components (number of ears and number of grains). With the spike and the weight of 1000 pills, the result) and the results were as follows: -Low plant density For the jungle When sunflower residues (3 tons) were added with white corn residues (3 tons), there was a significant decrease compared to the rest of the treatments. The percentage of control increased with combined treatment between the pesticide and sunflower residues, and the increase was highly significant. The leaf area of wheat plants increased significantly in the treatments in which the bush density decreased. All yield traits and components, except for the number of grains per ear, increased significantly in the treatments that contained both types of residues (sunflower + white corn) compared to the treatments that contained one type.
Anticancer Potential of moringa oleifera Lam: a Systematic Review
Authors: Dogara Abdulrahman Mahmoud , Kamil Al-Sultani Ahmad Thamer , Abdul Kadium Safa Mahdi , Mohammed Huda Amer , AL-Taey Duraid K. A. , Alsaffar Marwa Fadhil , Al-Musawi Zahraa J. M. , Hamad Saber W. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Moringa oleifera is highly esteemed as a therapeutic plant in the realm of traditional folk medicine. This plant has been demonstrated in numerous pharmacological tests to possess anticancer properties. Moringa oleifera, a versatile medicinal plant, has garnered significant academic focus and economic appeal due to its pharmacological attributes. The inefficiency of cancer treatment is mostly due to the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Treatments for cancer are in greater demand. Finding novel compounds with the potential to treat various forms of cancer is therefore essential and indispensable. The review presented a contemporary analysis of the effectiveness of Moringa oliefera in the treatment of cancer. Research publications have been searched utilising the following platforms: Elsevier, Springer, Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Pub med, and Scopus. Research the plant species “Moringa oleifera” and its chemical composition, specifically focusing on its potential anticancer properties. The results of the anticancer test demonstrated that Moringa oliefera shown substantial potential as an anticancer agent against many cancer cell lines. The significance of the plant is emphasized in the quest for novel bioactive substances to investigate its therapeutic capabilities in the field of cancer treatment, with the aim of discovering and developing new drugs.
A novel of Study Effect of Herbicides and Nitrogen Rate on Yield and Components of the Barley Crop (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Iraq
Authors: Al-Jayashi Mahmood T. , Leiby Haider Rezaq , Fadel Hassan Abbas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was Conducted in al-muthanna Province/Warka district (It is 25 km from the county seat), On a farm belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture/Agricultural extension department during the season(2019-2020), In order to study the effect of Herbicides and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield of barley crop. used four levels of nitrogen: 0, 100, 180 and 280. The second factor of the experiment was the Herbicides treatments, first treatment is used without Herbicide, The second treatment was 2.4.D, and the third treatment use a Topik Herbicide. The experiment was applied by using the R.C.B.D randomized complete block design according to the (splitting) plate arrangement and with three replications. Nitrogen levels were placed in the main panels and Herbicide in the secondary panels. The results are as follows: Herbicide significantly affected all studied traits, As it gave its highest average in the characteristic of ear length, it was 5.64 cm, The number of ears, the number of grains per ear, the average value of 1000 grain weight, and the grain yield, which gave averages of 292.21, 47.03, 34.98 and 2.23, respectively. As for fertilization treatments, they affected the characteristics of the experiment, as production increased by increasing nitrogen fertilization, as the fertilization treatment (N:280) recorded the highest averages in all the studied characteristics.
Comparison of the Effect of Four Types of Chemical Herbicides on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Wheat and the Weeds That Grow with It
Authors: Suhail Al-Hashemi Amenah Talal Hameed , Abdulateef Al-Obaidi Mohammed Akram 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the 2023-2024 agricultural season to study the effect of four different types of weeds herbicides, namely Prince Wheater, Axial, and Atlantes, on some growth traits and the yield of two varieties of wheat plants, namely the Wafiya variety and the Ozkan variety, as well as to study the effect of these herbicide s on the traits of weeds growing with wheat buds. In two different locations, the first in the Wana area and the second in Al-Abbasiya, an area on the outskirts of the city of Mosul. The field was prepared in both locations by carrying out the necessary agricultural operations, and the experiment was designed according to the RCBD design, where the field was divided into three sectors (each sector represents a replicate) and each sector was divided into 10 experimental units with an area of 6 cm2. The crop was planted on 11/30/2022 in lines. The distance between one line and another is 20 cm and between one sector and another 2 m. DAP fertilizer (N - P - K Diamonium Phosphate) recommended by the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture was added at the beginning of planting, and chemical herbicides were sprayed on 2/10/2023. The data were analyzed statistically using (Gen Stat) software and using Duncan’s multiple range test at the probability level (5%). The results showed the superiority of the wheater herbicide treatment with the Wafah variety in the second location in terms of bush density, which reached (1.66) plant.m-2. The treatment of the herbticide Prince with the Axial variety in the second location was superior by giving it the lowest dry mass of the weeds, amounting to (53.60) gm.m-2. As for the growth characteristics and yield of the wheat plant, treatment of herbicide Prince with the Wafaa variety was superior in the first location in the flag leaf area, which amounted to (35.34) cm2. The treatment of herbicide Axial with the Ozkan variety was superior in the second location in terms of chlorophyll content in the flag leaf, which reached (49.14) spad. While the treatment of the herbicide Prince with the Ozkan cultivar in the second location excelled in the values of the number of tillers and the number of ears, which amounted to (172.30)ear.m-2 and (154.70) ear.m-2, respectively. While the treatment with the herbicide axil excelled with the Wafiah variety in the first location and gave the lowest value for the grain yield, amounting to (384.60) gm.m-2.
The Effect of Different Planting Dates on some Physiological Growth Parameters and Green Fodder Yield for Seven Barley Varieties
Authors: Farhan Fadhel Akhlas Abd , Saleh Shaker Mahdi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was carried out in Salah al-Din Governorate / Al-Dour (25 km from the governorate center) in one of the farmers’ fields during the season (2022-2023) with the aim of studying the effect of planting dates (the first date is 15/9, the second date is 1/10, the third date is 15/10, the fourth date 1/11, the fifth date 15/11) and symbolized by symbols (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) and barley varieties (Arevat, Amal, Ebaa 99, Buraq, Shuaa, Rehan, Sameer) and symbolized by symbols(V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7) in the growth characteristics and fodder productivity of the barley crop, and the experiment was applied using Complete randomized block design according to the arrangement of the split panels with three replicates, where dates were placed in the main panels and items in the secondary panels. The test results appeared Planting D5 was superior in number of branch, green fodder yield, and dry weight of stems with values reaching 540.089 branch. m2, 8.5481 tons ha-1, and 312.197 gm. m2 respectively, While D1 achieved the highest value for the crop growth rate, amounting to 0.001923 g m-2 day-1, while D4 gave the highest average weight of dry leaves, 274.7476 gm. m2., We did not obtain any significant differences between planting dates and the absolute growth rate of the crop. The varieties differed significantly, as the V7 variety succeeded in the desired direction for the characteristics of number of branch 451.938, absolute growth rate 0.0206 gm.day -1, green fodder yield 7.4150 tons ha-1, dry weight of leaves 298.498 gm. m2While the V5 variety excelled in terms of crop growth rate by 0.00241 g m-2 day-1, while in the dry weight of leaves, the V7 and V5 excelled with the highest averages of 326.356 and 319.262 gm. m2. As for the interactions, the combinations of D5*V7 achieved the highest values for the number of branches and the dry weight of the stems, with values reaching 582.53 branch. m2 and 353.6 gm. m2, As for the crop growth rate, the highest combination of interaction at date 1 and variety 5 was 0.004375 g m-2 day-1, In the absolute growth rate, the highest combination at the first D1 and V7 was 0.027443 gm.day -1, The combination of D5*V5 gave the highest average green fodder yield of 10.95 tons ha-1, While the overlap of date 4 with variety 7 achieved the highest dry weight of leaves, 309.47786 gm. m2.