bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse emittance reduction in muon beams by ionization cooling
Authors:   The MICE Collaboration, Bogomilov M. , Tsenov R. , Vankova-Kirilova G. , Song Y. P. , Tang J. Y. , Li Z. H. , Bertoni R. , Bonesini M. , Chignoli F. , Mazza R. , de Bari A. , Orestano D. , Tortora L. , Kuno Y. , Sakamoto H. , Sato A. , Ishimoto S. , Chung M. , Sung C. K. , Filthaut F. , Fedorov M. , Jokovic D. , Maletic D. , Savic M. , Jovancevic N. , Nikolov J. , Vretenar M. , Ramberger S. , Asfandiyarov R. , Blondel A. , Drielsma F. , Karadzhov Y. , Boyd S. , Greis J. R. , Lord T. , Pidcott C. , Taylor I. , Charnley G. , Collomb N. , Dumbell K. , Gallagher A. , Grant A. , Griffiths S. , Hartnett T. , Martlew B. , Moss A. , Muir A. , Mullacrane I. , Oates A. , Owens P. , Stokes G. , Warburton P. , White C. , Adams D. , Bayliss V. , Boehm J. , Bradshaw T. W. , Brown C. , Courthold M. , Govans J. , Hayler T. , Hills M. , Lagrange J. B. , Macwaters C. , Nichols A. , Preece R. , Ricciardi S. , Rogers C. , Stanley T. , Tarrant J. , Tucker M. , Watson S. , Wilson A. , Bayes R. , Nugent J. C. , Soler F. J. P. , Chatzitheodoridis G. T. , Dick A. J. , Ronald K. , Whyte C. G. , Young A. R. , Gamet R. , Cooke P. , Blackmore V. J. , Colling D. , Dobbs A. , Dornan P. , Franchini P. , Hunt C. , Jurj P. B. , Kurup A. , Long K. , Martyniak J. , Middleton S. , Pasternak J. , Uchida M. A. , Cobb J. H. , Booth C. N. , Hodgson P. , Langlands J. , Overton E. , Pec V. , Smith P. J. , Wilbur S. , Ellis M. , Gardener R. B. S. , Kyberd P. , Nebrensky J. J. , DeMello A. , Gourlay S. , Lambert A. , Li D. , Luo T. , Prestemon S. , Virostek S. , Palmer M. , Witte H. , Adey D. , Bross A. D. , Bowring D. , Liu A. , Neuffer D. , Popovic M. , Rubinov P. , Freemire B. , Hanlet P. , Kaplan D. M. , Mohayai T. A. , Rajaram D. , Snopok P. , Torun Y. , Cremaldi L. M. , Sanders D. A. , Coney L. R. , Hanson G. G. , Heidt C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccelerated muon beams have been considered for the next-generation studies of high-energy lepton–antilepton collisions and neutrino oscillations. However, high-brightness muon beams have not yet been produced. The main challenge for muon acceleration and storage stems from the large phase-space volume occupied by the beam, derived from the production mechanism of muons through the decay of pions. The phase-space volume of the muon beam can be decreased through ionization cooling. Here we show that ionization cooling leads to a reduction in the transverse emittance of muon beams that traverse lithium hydride or liquid hydrogen absorbers in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment. Our results represent a substantial advance towards the realization of muon-based facilities that could operate at the energy and intensity frontiers.
A dataset of alternately located segments in protein crystal structures
Authors: Rosenberg Aviv A. , Marx Ailie , Bronstein Alexander M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProtein Data Bank (PDB) files list the relative spatial location of atoms in a protein structure as the final output of the process of fitting and refining to experimentally determined electron density measurements. Where experimental evidence exists for multiple conformations, atoms are modelled in alternate locations. Programs reading PDB files commonly ignore these alternate conformations by default leaving users oblivious to the presence of alternate conformations in the structures they analyze. This has led to underappreciation of their prevalence, under characterisation of their features and limited the accessibility to this high-resolution data representing structural ensembles. We have trawled PDB files to extract structural features of residues with alternately located atoms. The output includes the distance between alternate conformations and identifies the location of these segments within the protein chain and in proximity of all other atoms within a defined radius. This dataset should be of use in efforts to predict multiple structures from a single sequence and support studies investigating protein flexibility and the association with protein function.
Optimization of machining parameters for turning operation of heat-treated Ti-6Al-3Mo-2Nb-2Sn-2Zr-1.5Cr alloy by Taguchi method
Authors: Elshaer Ramadan N. , El-Aty Ali Abd , Sayed Esraa M. , Barakat Azza F. , Sobh Arafa S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTC21 alloy is a high-strength titanium alloy that has been gaining attention in various industries for its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Given that this alloy is hard to cut material, therefore this study aims to optimize the process parameters of Turing this alloy under different conditions (i.e. as-received alloy, and heat-treated alloy). The L9 Taguchi approach-base orthogonal array is used to determine the optimum cutting parameters and the least number of experimental trials required. The achievement of this target, three different cutting parameters are used in the experimental work; each cutting parameter has three levels. The cutting speeds are chosen as 120, 100, and 80 m/min. The feed rates’ values are 0.15, 0.1, and 0.05, mm/rev, and the depth of cut values are 0.6, 0.4, and 0.2 mm. After applying three steps of heat treatment (First step: is heating the sample to 920 °C for 1 h then decreasing to 820 °C also for 1 h, second step: cooling the sample to room temperature by water quenching (WQ), the third step: holding the sample at 600 °C for 4 h (Aging process)). The results revealed that the triple heat treatment led to the change in the microstructure from (α + β) to (α + β) with secondary α platelets (αs) formed in residual β matrix leading to a decreased surface roughness by 56.25% and tool wear by 24.18%. The two most critical factors that affect the tool insert wear and surface roughness are the death of cut and cutting speed, which contribute 46.6% and 46.7% of the total, respectively. Feed rate, on the other hand, has the least importance, contributing 20.2% and 31.9% respectively.
Effects of cluster size on trypophobic discomfort in children aged 4–9 years
Authors: Imura Tomoko , Suzuki Chiharu , Kasahara Mai , Sasaki Kyoshiro , Yamada Yuki , Shirai Nobu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt has been reported that strong discomfort associated with clusters of circles and holes (trypophobia), including lotus pod seeds, manifests in individuals as young as 4 or 5 years old. This study investigated how the size and number of circles within clusters affected discomfort levels in adults and in children aged 4–9 years. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that the remote experimental procedure could evoke discomfort when participants were presented with cluster images. The findings reveal that children as young as 4 or 5 years old consistently experienced discomfort when rating trypophobic images, even printed images rated in real time during video calls. In Experiment 2, we explored the impact of cluster size, considering both the size and number of circles, in a remote experiment. The results indicate that discomfort tended to increase with cluster size in both children and adults, with the effect becoming more pronounced with age.
Compensation of capacitive currents in high-throughput dielectrophoretic separators
Authors: Giesler Jasper , Weirauch Laura , Thöming Jorg , Baune Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeparation and classification are important operations in particle technology, but they are still limited in terms of suspended particles in the micrometer and nanometer size-range. Electrical fields can be beneficial for sorting such particles according to material properties. A mechanism based on strong and inhomogeneous fields is dielectrophoresis (DEP). It can be used to separate microparticles according to their material properties, such as conductivity and permittivity, by selectively trapping one particle type while the other can pass the separator. Conventional DEP-separators show either a limitation in throughput or frequency bandwidth. A low throughput limits the economical feasibility in many cases. A lower frequency bandwidth limits the variety of materials that can be sorted by DEP. To separate semiconducting particles from a mixture containing particles with higher conductivity according to their material, high frequencies are required. Possible applications are the separation of semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes or the separation of carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate particles from graphite in the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries. In this publication, we aim to display how to tune the electrical impedance of a high-throughput DEP separator based on custom-designed printed circuit boards to increase its frequency bandwidth. By adding inductors to the electrical circuit, we were able to increase the frequency bandwidth from 500 kHz to over 11 MHz. The experiments in this study act as proof-of-principle. Furthermore, a non-deterministic way to increase the impedance of the setup is shown, yielding a maximum frequency of 39.16 MHz.
Association between eating speed and atherosclerosis in relation to growth differentiation factor-15 levels in older individuals in a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shimizu Yuji , Kawashiri Shin-Ya , Noguchi Yuko , Sasaki Nagisa , Matsuyama Mutsumi , Nakamichi Seiko , Arima Kazuhiko , Nagata Yasuhiro , Maeda Takahiro , Hayashida Naomi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough fast eating speed has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors, no studies have reported an association between fast eating speed and atherosclerosis as evaluated by carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT). Rapid glucose ingestion is known to cause glucose spikes, which may accelerate atherogenesis and increase levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). Therefore, GDF-15 levels may influence the association between fast eating speed and atherosclerosis. To evaluate the association between eating speed and atherosclerosis in relation to GDF-15, this cross-sectional study analyzed 742 Japanese aged 60–69 years. They were required to have normal thyroid hormone levels, because both GDF-15 levels and atherosclerosis (CIMT ≥ 1.1 mm) can be influenced by thyroid dysfunction. Participants were stratified by the median GDF-15 level. A significant positive association was observed between fast eating speed and atherosclerosis, but only among participants with a high GDF-15 level: the sex- and age-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.95 (1.09, 3.48) in participants with a high GDF-15 level, and 0.83 (0.37, 1.88) in those with a low GDF-15 level. This association remained even after further adjustment for thyroid function and metabolic factors. Serum concentrations of GDF-15 may mediate the association between fast eating speed and atherosclerosis.
Two novel members of Onygenales, Keratinophyton kautmanovae and K. keniense spp. nov. from soil
Authors: Labuda Roman , Scheffenacker Vanessa , Schüller Andreas , Voleková Broňa , Kubátová Alena , Kandemir Hazal , Maritim Winnie Cherotich , Matasyoh Josphat , Gorfer Markus , Schüller Christoph , Strauss Joseph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo new Keratinophyton species, K. kautmanovae sp. nov. and K. keniense sp. nov., isolated from soil samples originating from two different geographical and environmental locations (Africa and Europe) are described and illustrated. Phylogenetically informative sequences obtained from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rDNA, as well as their unique phenotype, fully support novelty of these two fungi for this genus. Based on ITS and LSU combined phylogeny, both taxa are resolved in a cluster with eight accepted species, including K. alvearium, K. chongqingense, K. hubeiense, K. durum, K. lemmensii, K. siglerae, K. submersum, and K. sichuanense. The new taxon, K. kautmanovae, is characterized by clavate, smooth to coarsely verrucose conidia, absence of arthroconidia, slow growth at 25 °C, and no growth at 30 °C, while K. keniense is morphologically unique with a high diversity of conidial shapes (clavate, filiform, globose, cymbiform and rhomboid). Both species are described based on their asexual, a chrysosporium-like morph. While the majority of hitherto described Keratinophyton taxa came from Europe, India and China, the new species K. keniense represents the first reported taxonomic novelty for this genus from Africa.
Analysis of granulysin expression in vitiligo and halo-nevus
Authors: Hlača Nika , Vičić Marijana , Kaštelan Marija , Dekanić Andrea , Prpić-Massari Larisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVitiligo and halo nevus are immune-mediated skin diseases that have a similar pathogenesis and involve cellular cytotoxicity mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of the cytolytic molecule granulysin (GNLY) in different cytotoxic cells in skin samples of vitiligo and halo nevus. Skin biopsies were taken from perilesional and lesional skin of ten vitiligo patients, eight patients with halo nevus and ten healthy controls. We analysed the expression of GNLY by immunohistochemistry in CD8+ and CD56+ NK cells. A significantly higher accumulation of GNLY+, CD8+ GNLY+ and fewer CD56+ GNLY+ cells was found in the lesional skin of vitiligo and halo nevus than in the healthy skin. These cells were localised in the basal epidermis and papillary dermis, suggesting that GNLY may be involved in the immune response against melanocytes. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, upregulation of GNLY+ and CD8+ GNLY+ cells was observed in the perilesional skin of vitiligo and halo nevus compared to healthy controls. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time an increased expression of CD8+ GNLY+ T lymphocytes and CD56+ GNLY+ NK cells in lesions of vitiligo and halo nevus, indicating the role of GNLY in the pathogenesis of both diseases.
Effects of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor on ketone body metabolism in pre-heart failure/heart failure patients
Authors: Kashiwagi Yusuke , Nagoshi Tomohisa , Tanaka Yoshiro , Oi Yuhei , Kimura Haruka , Ogawa Kazuo , Kawai Makoto , Yoshimura Michihiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, a mild elevation of the blood ketone levels was found to exert multifaceted cardioprotective effects. To investigate the effect of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) on the blood ketone body levels, 46 stable pre-heart failure (HF)/HF patients were studied, including 23 who switched from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to ARNIs (ARNI group) and 23 who continued treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs (control group). At baseline, there were no significant differences in the total ketone body (TKB) levels between the two groups. Three months later, the TKB levels in the ARNI group were higher than the baseline values (baseline to 3 months: 71 [51, 122] to 92 [61, 270] μmol/L, P < 0.01). In the control group, no significant change was observed between the baseline and 3 months later. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the initiation of ARNI and an increase in the blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels at 3 months increased the percentage changes in the TKB levels from baseline to 3 months (%ΔTKB level) (initiation of ARNI: P = 0.017, NEFA level at 3 months: P < 0.001). These results indicate that ARNI administration induces a mild elevation of the blood TKB levels in pre-HF/HF patients.
An imbalanced learning method based on graph tran-smote for fraud detection
Authors: Wen Jintao , Tang Xianghong , Lu Jianguang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFraud seriously threatens individual interests and social stability, so fraud detection has attracted much attention in recent years. In scenarios such as social media, fraudsters typically hide among numerous benign users, constituting only a small minority and often forming “small gangs”. Due to the scarcity of fraudsters, the conventional graph neural network might overlook or obscure critical fraud information, leading to insufficient representation of fraud characteristics. To address these issues, the tran-smote on graphs (GTS) method for fraud detection is proposed by this study. Structural features of each type of node are deeply mined using a subgraph neural network extractor, these features are integrated with attribute features using transformer technology, and the node’s information representation is enriched, thereby addressing the issue of inadequate feature representation. Additionally, this approach involves setting a feature embedding space to generate new nodes representing minority classes, and an edge generator is used to provide relevant connection information for these new nodes, alleviating the class imbalance problem. The results from experiments on two real datasets demonstrate that the proposed GTS, performs better than the current state-of-the-art baseline.
Iodine(I) pnictogenate complexes as Iodination reagents
Authors: Mohan Sharath , Rissanen Kari , Ward Jas S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHalogen(I) complexes are widely used as halogenation reagents and traditionally feature homoleptic stabilising Lewis bases, though the recent revitalisation of iodine(I) carboxylate chemistry has provided isolable examples of heteroleptic iodine(I) complexes. This work reports iodine(I) pnictogenate complexes stabilised by a Lewis base (L), Ph2P(O)O─I─L, synthesised via cation exchange from the silver(I) precursor, (Ph2P(O)OAg)n. The complexes were characterised in both solution (1H, 1H-15N HMBC, 31P) and the solid state, and supplemented computationally by DFT studies. Interestingly, these iodine(I) pnictogenates demonstrate a range of stabilities, and have been found to excel as iodination reagents in comparison to carbonyl hypoiodites, with comparable reactivity to the eponymous Barluenga’s reagent in the iodination of antipyrine.
Nitric oxide-generating metallic wires for enhanced metal implants
Authors: Mazur Federico , Zhou Yingzhu , Ng Gervase , Fan Qingqing , Pham Andy-Hoai , Boyer Cyrille , Chandrawati Rona 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetallic implants are integral in modern medicine, offering excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, implant-related infections pose a major challenge. Current drug delivery methods, such as surface-coated and drug-eluting implants, are limited by finite drug supplies and complex manufacturing steps. Recent approaches like local drug synthesis, including enzyme-prodrug therapies, present innovative solutions but are hampered by the inherent limitations of enzymes as well as complex procedures. Here, we introduce a simpler alternative: using the intrinsic properties of implant materials to activate prodrugs. Through a simple thermal treatment, metallic implants gain catalytic properties to locally generate nitric oxide, an antibacterial agent. Our findings show this treatment is non-toxic to cells, does not affect cell proliferation rates, and effectively inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. This material-driven approach eliminates the need for external chemical or enzymatic interventions, offering a promising solution to prevent implant-related infections and improve patient outcomes in implant medicine.
An energy efficient way for quantitative magnetization switching
Authors: Li Xin , Singh Hanuman , Lin Jie , Zhang Shuai , Yi Bao , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy , Xiao Zhuyun , Mondal Sucheta , Tamura Nobumichi , Candler Rob N. , You Long , Bokor Jeffrey , Hong Jeongmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in electrically controlled spin devices have been made possible through the use of multiferroic systems comprising ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This progress provides a promising avenue for developing energy-efficient devices that allow for electrically controlled magnetization switching. In this study, we fabricated spin orbit torque (SOT) devices using multiferroic composites and examined the angular dependence of SOT effects on localized in-plane strain induced by an out-of-plane electric field applied to the piezoelectric substrate. The induced strain precisely modulates magnetization switching via the SOT effect in multiferroic heterostructures, which also exhibit remarkable capability to modulate strain along different orientations – a feature with great potential for future applications in logic device arrays. To investigate the influence of electric fields on magnetization switching, harmonic Hall measurements, synchrotron-powered x-ray magnetic circular dichroism-photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and micromagnetic simulation were conducted. The results demonstrate that electric-field-induced strain enables precise control of SOT-induced magnetization switching with significantly reduced energy consumption, making it highly suitable for next-generation spin logic devices.
A viral effector blocks the turnover of a plant NLR receptor to trigger a robust immune response
Authors: Wang Chunli , Zhu Min , Hong Hao , Li Jia , Zuo Chongkun , Zhang Yu , Shi Yajie , Liu Suyu , Yu Haohua , Yan Yuling , Chen Jing , Shangguan Lingna , Zhi Aiping , Chen Rongzhen , Devendrakumar Karen Thulasi , Tao Xiaorong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlant intracellular nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) play a key role in activating a strong pathogen defense response. Plant NLR proteins are tightly regulated and accumulate at very low levels in the absence of pathogen effectors. However, little is known about how this low level of NLR proteins is able to induce robust immune responses upon recognition of pathogen effectors. Here, we report that, in the absence of effector, the inactive form of the tomato NLR Sw-5b is targeted for ubiquitination by the E3 ligase SBP1. Interaction of SBP1 with Sw-5b via only its N-terminal domain leads to slow turnover. In contrast, in its auto-active state, Sw-5b is rapidly turned over as SBP1 is upregulated and interacts with both its N-terminal and NB-LRR domains. During infection with the tomato spotted wilt virus, the viral effector NSm interacts with Sw-5b and disrupts the interaction of Sw-5b with SBP1, thereby stabilizing the active Sw-5b and allowing it to induce a robust immune response.