bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface modification of implanted cardiovascular metal stents: From antithrombosis and antirestenosis to endothelialization
Authors: Zhang Kun , Liu Tao , Li Jing‐An , Chen Jun‐Ying , Wang Jian , Huang Nan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDriven by the complications occurring with bare metal stents and drug‐eluting stents, concerns have been raised over strategies for long‐term safety, with respect to preventing or inhibiting stent thrombosis, restenosis, and in‐stent restenosis in particularly. Surface modification is very important in constructing a buffer layer at the interface of the organic and inorganic materials and in ultimately obtaining long‐term biocompatibility. In this review, we summarize the developments in surface modification of implanted cardiovascular metal stents. This review focuses on the modification of metal stents via coating drugs or biomolecules to enhance antithrombosis, antirestenosis, and/or endothelialization. In addition, we indicate the probable future work involving the modification of the metallic blood‐contacting surfaces of stents and other cardiovascular devices that are under development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 588–609, 2014.
Bio‐inspired dicalcium phosphate anhydrate/poly(lactic acid) nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration: In situ synthesis and electrospinning
Authors: Chae Taesik , Yang Heejae , Ko Frank , Troczynski Tom 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe fundamental building blocks of hierarchically structured bone tissue are mineralized collagen fibrils with calcium phosphate nanocrystals that are biologically “engineered” through biomineralization. In this study, we demonstrate an original invention of dicalcium phosphate anhydrate (DCPA)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite nanofibers, which mimics the mineralized collagen fibrils via biomimetic in situ synthesis and electrospinning for hard tissue regenerative medicines. The interaction of the Ca2+ ions and the carbonyl groups in the PLA provides nucleation sites for DCPA during the in situ synthesis process. This resulted in the improved dispersion of DCPA nanocrystallites in the intrananoporous PLA nanofibers through electrospinning, compared to the severely agglomerated clusters of DCPA nanoparticles fabricated by conventional mechanical blending/electrospinning methods. The addition of poly(ethylene glycol), as a copolymer source, generated more stable and efficient electrospun jets and aided in the electrospinability of the PLA nanofibers incorporating the nanocrystallites. It is expected that the uniformly distributed DCPA nanocrystallites and its unique nanocomposite fibrous topography will enhance the biological performance and the structural stability of the scaffolds used for hard tissue reconstruction and regeneration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 514–522, 2014.
A 2‐D Grid Coordination Polymer with an In‐plane and Out‐of‐plane Structure Bridged by Pyrazine Spacers
Authors: Wang Wen‐Zhen , Duan Yan‐Shan , Wang Jian‐Min , Li Li‐Cun , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Ismayilov Rayyat Huseyn , Wen Yuh‐Sheng , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Peng Shie‐Ming , Zhu Yu‐Qin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA 2‐D grid copper(II) complex [Cu(μ3‐H2dpzpda)(N3)]n(ClO4)n (2) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The copper atom in the complex is six‐coordinated in an octahedral geometry. The azide anions coordinated with copper in a 1‐end form, and the perchlorate anions are not coordinated to copper centers. The structure shows an orthogonal overlap of orbitals through the bridging pyrazine. Extensive hydrogen bonds were observed in 2D networks. Magnetic studies indicate the presence of very weak antiferromagneic coupling between copper(II) ions.
Antennal morphology of the endogean carabid genus typhlocharis (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Anillini): Description of sensilla and taxonomic implications
Authors: Pérez‐González Sergio , Zaballos Juan P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe antennal morphology and chaetotaxy were studied in 52 species of the endogean carabid genus Typhlocharis, using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The antennae are composed of 11 antennomeres (scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres). We found considerable variation between species in the third antennomere, with short‐stem and long‐stem forms, and flagellomere morphology, distinguishing two morphs: rounded (subovoid, subspheric and subquadrate, morph 1) and reniform shapes (morph 2). Antennal sensilla are grouped in six types of sensilla trichodea, three types of sensilla
basiconica, one type of sensilla
coeloconica, and one type of sensilla campaniformia. The distribution of sensilla along the antennomeres is described. The “rings” of trichoid sensilla in the antennomere body are affected by its shape and there is interspecific variation in the pattern of sensilla coeloconica in antennomere 11°, a novelty for the genus. The types of sensilla found in Typhlocharis are compared to those described in other Carabidae and the potential functionality and taxonomic interest of those variable antennal features are discussed. A correlation between the flagellomere morphology and the presence/absence of a stridulatory organ is suggested. The study also allowed comparing the observation of antennal features by SEM and light microscopy. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The pullback of a theta divisor to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}}$\end{document}
Authors: Müller Fabian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe compute the class of a divisor on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$\end{document} given as the closure of the locus of smooth pointed curves [C; x1, …, xn] for which ∑djxj has an effective representative, where the dj's are integers summing up to g − 1, not all positive. The techniques used are a vector bundle computation, a pushdown argument reducing the number of marked points, and the method of test curves.
Why do we need drugs to treat the patient with obesity?
Authors: Bray George A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity is a public health problem, which increases the risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Weight loss can reduce mortality and improve most of the detrimental health consequences of obesity.Design and Methods:This paper was developed from two presentations to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which has responsibility for reviewing and approving drugs to treat obesity.Results:A weight loss of 5% or more is sufficient to significantly reduce health risks in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Slightly more weight loss (16% on average, achieved by surgery) reduces mortality. The goal of medicating for obesity is to help more patients achieve more weight loss. A barrier to drug approval has been the concern that weight loss medications might be used by individuals with little or no health risks, thus mandating a low side effect profile for approval of any drug. This limits the options for patients who have obesity‐related health problems that could improve with weight loss. Recently the FDA signaled interest in identifying health benefits in higher risk patients that might justify medications with higher risk; however, the potential impact on a large segment of the population has led the FDA to consider requiring a cardiovascular outcome trial for all obesity medications, either prior to or after approval.Conclusion:This review argues that drugs are needed for obesity because they enhance behaviorally induced weight loss and that new medications for obesity are needed in the approval process.
Alcohol consumption and alcohol problems after bariatric surgery in the swedish obese subjects study
Authors: Svensson Per‐Arne , Anveden Åsa , Romeo Stefano , Peltonen Markku , Ahlin Sofie , Burza Maria Antonella , Carlsson Björn , Jacobson Peter , Lindroos Anna‐Karin , Lönroth Hans , Maglio Cristina , Näslund Ingmar , Sjöholm Kajsa , Wedel Hans , Söderpalm Bo , Sjöström Lars , Carlsson Lena M.S. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveIncreased sensitivity to alcohol after gastric bypass has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bariatric surgery is associated with alcohol problems.Design and MethodsThe prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study enrolled 2,010 obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery (68% vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), 19% banding, and 13% gastric bypass) and 2,037 matched controls. Patients were recruited between 1987 and 2001. Data on alcohol abuse diagnoses, self‐reported alcohol consumption, and alcohol problems were obtained from the National Patient Register and questionnaires. Follow‐up time was 8‐22 years.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 93.1% of the surgery patients and 96.0% of the controls reported alcohol consumption classified as low risk by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, compared to controls, the gastric bypass group had increased risk of alcohol abuse diagnoses (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] = 4.97), alcohol consumption at least at the WHO medium risk level (adjHR = 2.69), and alcohol problems (adjHR = 5.91). VBG increased the risk of these conditions with adjHRs of 2.23, 1.52, and 2.30, respectively, while banding was not different from controls.ConclusionsAlcohol consumption, alcohol problems, and alcohol abuse are increased after gastric bypass and VBG.
Carbohydrate nutrition and development of adiposity during adolescence
Authors: Gopinath Bamini , Flood Victoria M. , Rochtchina Elena , Baur Louise A. , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Smith Wayne , Mitchell Paul 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the prospective association between glycemic index, glycemic load (GL) of diets and intakes of carbohydrates, sugars, fiber, and the main carbohydrate containing food groups (e.g., soft drinks) with changes in percent body fat, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference among adolescents.Design and MethodsStudents aged 12 at baseline (n = 856) were examined both in 2004‐2005 and 2009‐2011. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered. Anthropometric parameters were measured and defined using standardized protocols.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, in girls, each 1‐SD increase in dietary GL was associated with concurrent 0.77 kg/m2 and 1.45 cm increase in BMI and waist circumference, respectively (both P = 0.01). Conversely, each 1‐SD increase in dietary fiber intake was associated with a concurrent 0.44 kg/m2 decrease in mean BMI in girls (P = 0.02) and 1.45 cm decrease in waist circumference in boys (P = 0.002). Girls who consumed soft drinks once or more per day versus those who never/rarely consumed soft drinks, had a 4.45% increase in percent body fat after 5 years (Ptrend = 0.01).ConclusionsHigh‐GL foods might adversely influence development of body composition, particularly in girls, whereas fiber‐rich diets could limit excess weight during adolescence.
Adiponectin and visceral fat associate with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Matsushita Yumi , Nakagawa Toru , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Kato Takanori , Ouchi Takanori , Kikuchi Nobuko , Takahashi Yoshihiko , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Mizoue Tetsuya , Noda Mitsuhiko 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To examine the combined effect of CT‐measured visceral fat area (VFA) and adiponectin level against the clustering of metabolic risk factors.Design and Methods: The subjects were 6,996 Japanese. The subjects were divided according to the combinations of VFA and adiponectin level quartiles and the odds ratio for multiple risk factors of metabolic syndrome were calculated (adjusted for age and lifestyle factors using logistic regression analyses). Group with the lowest VFA and the highest adiponectin level was used as a reference. The correlation between adiponectin level and each metabolic risk factor was evaluated.Results: The strongest correlation was observed between adiponectin level and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (r = 0.369 and 0.439 for men and women). Both VFA and adiponectin level were independently associated with the clustering of metabolic risk factors (interaction P = 0.58 and 0.11 for men and women). The odds ratio for the clustering of metabolic risk factors in the group with the highest VFA and the lowest adiponectin level, compared with the group with the lowest VFA and the highest adiponectin level, was 12.7 (9.7‐16.6) for men and 13.5 (6.0‐30.2) for women.Conclusion: The ability to detect metabolic syndrome could be improved by examining adiponectin level in conjunction with VFA.
Development of Polymeric Nanoprobes with Improved Lifetime Dynamic Range and Stability for Intracellular Oxygen Sensing
Authors: Liu Heng , Yang Hui , Hao Xian , Xu Haijiao , Lv Yi , Xiao Debao , Wang Hongda , Tian Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA class of core‐shell nanoparticles possessing a layer of biocompatible shell and hydrophobic core with embedded oxygen‐sensitive platinum‐porphyrin (PtTFPP) dyes is developed via a radical‐initiated microemulsion co‐polymerization strategy. The influences of host matrices and the PtTFPP incorporation manner on the photophysical properties and the oxygen‐sensing performance of the nanoparticles are investigated. Self‐loading capability with cells and intracellular‐oxygen‐sensing ability of the as‐prepared nanoparticle probes in the range 0%–20% oxygen concentration are confirmed. Polymeric nanoparticles with optimized formats are characterized by their relatively small diameter (<50 nm), core‐shell structures with biocompatible shells, covalent‐attachment‐imparted leak‐free construction, improved lifetime dynamic range (up to 44 μs), excellent storage stability and photostability, and facile cell uptake. The nanoparticles’ small sensor diameter and core‐shell structure with biocompatible shell make them suitable for intracellular detection applications. For intracellular detection applications, the leak‐free feature of the as‐prepared nanoparticle sensor effectively minimizes potential chemical interferences and cytotoxicity. As a salient feature, improved lifetime dynamic range of the sensor is expected to enable precise oxygen detection and control in specific practical applications in stem‐cell biology and medical research. Such a feature‐packed nanoparticle oxygen sensor may find applications in precise oxygen‐level mapping of living cells and tissue.
A Review of Carbon Nanotube‐ and Graphene‐Based Flexible Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Sun Dong‐Ming , Liu Chang , Ren Wen‐Cai , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have attracted great attention for numerous applications for future flexible electronics, owing to their supreme properties including exceptionally high electronic conductivity and mechanical strength. Here, the progress of CNT‐ and graphene‐based flexible thin‐film transistors from material preparation, device fabrication techniques to transistor performance control is reviewed. State‐of‐the‐art fabrication techniques of thin‐film transistors are divided into three categories: solid‐phase, liquid‐phase, and gas‐phase techniques, and possible scale‐up approaches to achieve realistic production of flexible nanocarbon‐based transistors are discussed. In particular, the recent progress in flexible all‐carbon nanomaterial transistor research is highlighted, and this all‐carbon strategy opens up a perspective to realize extremely flexible, stretchable, and transparent electronics with a relatively low‐cost and fast fabrication technique, compared to traditional rigid silicon, metal and metal oxide electronics.
Determination of the Al content in aluminum‐modified SiO2 stationary phases using X‐ray scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Goraieb Karen , Chiaradia Mariza C. , Collins Kenneth E. , Collins Carol H. , Bueno Maria Izabel M. S. 
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the determination of aluminum in the presence of silica using a method based on X‐ray scattering spectrometry coupled with chemometric tools (principal component analysis and partial least squares) that treat samples according to their Al concentrations.Samples were prepared by mixing Al and Si oxides. X‐ray spectra of all samples, including pure oxides of aluminum and silicon, were submitted to the chemometric tools. Principal component analysis results show that it is possible to classify three subgroups of Al (low, medium and high Al content), whereas partial least squares 1 was used to construct calibration and cross‐validation models for Al in the presence of Si.The method is simple, fast, does not require sample dissolution prior to analysis, is of low cost and can be applied as a routine procedure. The method was used to quantify Al in some chromatographic stationary phases covered with a layer of Al2O3. Good correlations with low errors were obtained. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Search and Analysis of Identical Reverse Octapeptides in Unrelated Proteins
Authors: Saravanan Konda Mani , Selvaraj Samuel 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
For the past few decades, intensive studies have been carried out in an attempt to understand how the amino acid sequences of proteins encode their three dimensional structures to perform their specific functions. In order to understand the sequence-structure relationship of proteins, several sub-sequence search studies in non-redundant sequence-structure databases have been undertaken which have given some fruitful clues. In our earlier work, we analyzed a set of 3124 non-redundant protein sequences from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and retrieved 30 identical octapeptides having different secondary structures. These octapeptides were characterized by using different computational procedures. This prompted us to explore the presence of octapeptides with reverse sequences and to analyze whether these octapeptides would adopt similar structures as that of their parent octapeptides. Our identical reverse octapeptide search resulted in the finding of eight octapeptide pairs (octapeptide and reverse octapeptide) with similar secondary structure and 23 octapeptide pairs with different secondary structures. In the present work, the geometrical and biophysical characteristics of identical reverse octapeptides were explored and compared with unrelated octapeptide pairs by using various computational tools. We thus conclude that proteins containing identical reverse octapeptides are not very abundant and residues in the octapeptide pairs do not contribute to the stability of the protein. Furthermore, compared to unrelated octapeptides, identical reverse octapeptides do not show certain biophysical and geometrical properties.
Are two better than one? A novel double‐mutant KIT in GIST that responds to Imatinib
Authors: Conca Elena , Miranda Claudia , Col Valentina Dal , Fumagalli Elena , Pelosi Giuseppe , Mazzoni Mara , Fermeglia Maurizio , Laurini Erik , Pierotti Marco A. , Pilotti Silvana , Greco Angela , Pricl Sabrina , Tamborini Elena 
Published: March 2013

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors carry in about 85% of the cases activating mutations in KIT gene. Generally only one KIT mutation is found in primary tumors and the majority of mutations affecting KIT exon 11 is sensitive to Imatinib.We report upon a GIST case harboring a double‐mutant KIT gene at exon 11, which expresses a receptor bearing the known activating W557G mutation and a newly discovered missense Y578C alteration. The relative affinities for ATP and Imatinib of each single (W557G, Y578C) and double (W557G/Y578C) mutant KITs were predicted by in silico studies (computer‐based molecular simulations), and compared with those obtained for known Imatinib sensitive and resistant KIT mutants. In parallel, biochemical analysis of the single and double KIT mutants expressed in mammalian cells was performed. Both the in‐silico/in‐vitro investigations showed constitutive activation and sensitivity to Imatinib of the yet mentioned Y578C mutation as well as of the double mutant, providing evidence that the concomitant presence of the W557G and Y578C mutations does not affect Imatinib response compare to the single mutations, in line with what observed in Imatinib treated patient.
Electrodiagnosis of Plexopathy
Authors: Strakowski Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractElectrodiagnostic evaluation of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus can be challenging even to an experienced practitioner. Detailed attention to anatomy and correlation with the history and physical examination results are needed to have a comprehensive differential diagnosis and to develop reliable conclusions. Electrophysiologic techniques, when applied appropriately, provide invaluable functional information after a plexus injury. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of a plexus injury should be systematic and comprehensive to provide the maximum precision for localization, extent of involvement, and severity of injury.
Less Common Upper Limb Mononeuropathies
Authors: Williams Faren H. , Kumiga Bryan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article will focus on the less commonly injured nerves of the upper extremity. These nerves may be involved when trauma results in fractures, dislocations, or swelling with resultant nerve compression. Tumors and ganglions can also compress nerves, causing pain and, over time, demyelination or axon degeneration with weakness. Other mechanisms for upper limb nerve injury include participation in high‐level sports, that is, those that generate torque about the arm and shoulder, abnormal stresses about the joints and muscles, or muscle hypertrophy, which may result in nerve injury. The goals of this review are to discuss the clinical presentation and possible causes of upper extremity nerve entrapments and to formulate an electrodiagnostic plan for evaluation. Descriptions of the appropriate nerve conduction studies or needle electromyographic protocols are included for specific nerves. The purpose of the electrodiagnostic examination is to evaluate the degree of nerve injury, axon loss over time, and later, evidence for reinnervation to assist with prognostication. The latter has implications for management of the neuropathy, including the type of exercises and therapy that may be indicated to help maintain the stability and motion of the involved joint(s) and promote strengthening over time as the nerve regenerates.
The efficacy of the probiotic feed additive Calsporin® (Bacillus subtilis C-3102) in broilers: combined analysis of four different studies
Authors: Marubashi T. , Gracia M. I. , Esteve-Garcia E. , Piskoríková M. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe efficacy of the probiotic feed additive, Calsporin® (CAL; Bacillus subtilis C-3102), included in broiler diets at 50 mg/kg was evaluated using statistical meta-analysis of data from four different studies conducted using broilers from day-old to market weight at 42 days of age. The body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed to gain ratio, mortality and European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) data from each experiment were tested for homogeneity between trials before being pooled and analysed in combination to determine whether benefits were consistent independent of trial site and conditions. CAL supplementation significantly improved weight gain (P = 0.0037) between 1 and 21 days of age (3.3%) and feed conversion ratio (P = 0.0492) between 22 and 42 days of age (3.0%). Over the entire experimental period (day 1 to day 42 of age), broilers fed the CAL diets had significantly better (P = 0.0142) feed conversion (2.6%) and higher (P = 0.0062) EPEF (4.6%) compared to the controls. Birds fed diets supplemented with CAL were 1.6% heavier than controls at 42 days of age, a near-significant trend (P = 0.0558). The results demonstrated that CAL in broiler diets, added at an inclusion rate of 50 mg/kg, can be beneficial in terms of broiler performance.