bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airplane motors employing superconducting DC field windings and conventional conductor AC windings
Authors: Kalsi S S , Storey J G , Lumsden G , Badcock R A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many organizations are developing compact lightweight highly efficient rotating machines for airplane applications. These machines include permanent magnets for excitation and an iron-core with and without superconducting windings. Air-core (no magnetic iron) machines have the potential to be the most lightweight and efficient. Such machines can use superconductors for both DC excitation field coils and AC armature coils, which need conductors under development, like MgB2 and Bi2212. If liquid-hydrogen (LH2) is available on a plane and can be used as a coolant, it becomes feasible to develop machines with AC armature coils made from conventional conductors like copper, aluminium, and high-conductivity aluminium.
This paper describes conceptual designs for a 3 MW, 4,500 RPM motor employing REBCO CORC conductor for the DC field coils and conventional conductor Litz cable for the AC armature coils cooled by LH2 available on the plane. Both rotor and stator coils are contained in separate cryostats. The DC excitation coils on the rotor are operated at 40 K to work successfully with a brushless flux pump exciter. Likewise, stator AC coils are cooled with available LH2 to take advantage of the lower resistivity of conventional conductors at cryogenic temperatures. Motor size, mass and losses are compared for stator windings employing copper, aluminium, and high-conductivity aluminium (Hyper-Al). Compared with copper and aluminium machines, the machine employing Hyper-Al has smaller size, mass and total losses.
Review of cryogenic power conversion and its potential in future all electric transportation systems: from silicon age to WBG era
Authors: Luo F , Ul Hassan M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cryogenic power electronic conversion (< 123 K) is expected to offer higher efficiencies for future all-electric transportation platforms. Low temperature operation of converters together with integration of wide bandgap devices (WBG) can enable higher switching frequencies with reduced filtering components. This paper briefly reviews the passive components involved in the development of a cryogenic converter. The paper also reviews in detail the converter development with WBG devices by far, and provides a discussion on benefits achieved, and challenges in terms of auxiliary components and measurements. The last part of the paper gives a discussion on envisioned challenges, and different research directions for future superconducting power conversion systems.
Design, fabrication and test of high temperature superconducting magnet for heat flux and radio blackout mitigation experiments in plasma wind tunnels
Authors: Schlachter S I , Drechsler A , Gehring R , Eisele M , Gretschmann F , Hornung F , Westenfelder S , Willms J , Große V , Smara A , Dalban-Canassy M , Behnke A , Herdrich G , Oswald J , Pagan A S. , Helber B , Viladegut A , Lani A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh heat flux and radio blackout are well-known challenges space vehicles have been facing during re-entry into a planet’s atmosphere since the early days of space-flight. Thermal protection systems have been developed to protect spacecraft and astronauts, however, they are often heavy and some have to be replaced after each mission. High temperatures in the compressed gas in the shock wave lead to partial ionization. The dense plasma can cause radio blackout, i.e. attenuation or reflection of radio waves thus blocking data-telemetry and communication with ground stations or satellites. One approach to solve both problems is to influence the plasma with magnetohydrodynamic effects using a strong magnet. In the framework of the European project MEESST (Magnetohydrodynamic Enhanced Entry System for Space Transportation) heat flux mitigation and radio blackout mitigation is investigated by means of modelling and ground experiments in plasma wind tunnels at the Institute of Space Systems (Stuttgart, Germany) and at the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (Brussels, Belgium) using an HTS magnet. After a short introduction to the scientific background of the MEESST project, the boundary conditions for the design of the magnet and calculations of field distributions are presented. The pancake coils of the magnet were wound with a robotic winding system. Results from a preliminary test of the conduction-cooled magnet are presented.
LTspice Modeling for GaN-GIT HEMT Including Cryogenic Temperature
Authors: Maksudul Hossain Md , Wei Yuqi , Alan Mantooth H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Highly efficient electrically driven avionics have led to a renewed interest in cryogenic propulsion systems with the goal of reducing carbon emission footprint. Although cryogenic converters promise better efficiency and improved power density, the successful design is incumbent upon the appropriate switching device selection and simulation-based analyses prior to initial prototyping. In this work, a datasheet-driven compact model for a gallium nitride (GaN) Gate Injection Transistor (GIT) has been proposed and implemented in LTspice, a versatile, high performance, and free circuit simulator in order to investigate the merit of the chosen device in a power electronic system.
An update on the Colossus mK platform at Fermilab
Authors: Hollister Matthew I , Dhuley Ram C , James Christopher , Tatkowski Grzegorz L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As part of the efforts of the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems National Quantum Center at Fermilab, we will construct a large millikelvin refrigeration platform known as Colossus. The Colossus platform will be used for quantum computing applications, along with physics and sensing experiments. At the preceding CEC/ICMC meeting in 2021, we reported on the conceptual design of the platform. In the intervening time, the design of the system has been completed and passed through review, with construction now underway. This paper provides an update on the overall design of the system, and the status of and timeline for construction.
Dimensional stability of cryotreated diaphragms of pressure transducers
Authors: Nadig D S , Bharath G J , Mahishi Chandan , Akber Kashif , Suma M N 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate data of propellant pressures are very critical for the successful propulsion of launch vehicles. These pressures are measured using the integral diaphragm pressure transducers machined from precipitation hardened martensite stainless steel (APX4). The thin diaphragms of these transducers gradually develop dimensional changes with time due to the conversion of residual austenite to martensite, resulting in drift in output pressures. This situation calls for enhancement of dimensional stability of the diaphragms which is carried out by cryotreating them at 98K for 36 hours followed by tempering at 673K for one hour in vacuum furnace. The dimensional studies were carried out on three categories of diaphragm materials viz. normal, cryotreated and cryotreated followed by tempering using the Thermo Mechanical Analyser (TMA). The dimensional changes of the test specimens were determined at intervals of 5K in the temperature range from 123K to room temperature. The results are analysed and presented in this paper.
Multi-channel computational ghost imaging based on multi-scale speckle optimization
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Xiaoqian , Gao Chao , Wang Yu , Yu Zhuo , Yao Zhihai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A multi-channel computational ghost imaging (GI) method based on multi-scale speckle optimization is proposed. We not only reduce imaging time and enhance imaging quality but also reduce interference among different channels. Using one bucket detector to receive total light intensity, the color speckle is formed by combining components obtained through the singular value decomposition of three self-designed multi-scale measurement matrices. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that our designed method contributes to reducing imaging time and enhancing imaging quality, achieving improved visual quality even at low sampling rates. This approach enhances GI flexibility and holds potential for diverse applications, including target recognition and biomedical imaging.
The Account of the Minimally Good Life
Authors: Hassoun Nicole 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
What, if anything, do we owe others as a basic minimum? Sufficiency theorists claim that we must provide everyone with enough—but, to date, few well-worked out accounts of the sufficiency threshold exist. We need an account of the threshold to decide if we owe people any basic minimum. Previous theories do not provide adequate independent accounts of the resources, capabilities, and/or welfare that might play the requisite role. They often fail to explain what makes the sufficiency level special and how it can arbitrate competing claims. Moreover, I believe existing accounts do not provide nearly enough guidance for policymakers. So, this chapter provides a mechanism for arriving at an account of the minimally good life, and outlines an account, that can help locate the sufficiency threshold.
Good Enough?
Authors: Hassoun Nicole 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
What basic minimum, if any, do we owe to co-citizens or members of the larger global community? Does it suffice if a young mother can find shelter from an abusive partner or must society also help her secure food, job training, or even a job? Should we have public works programs to help people in times of emergency? This chapter defends the book’s new way of answering this question. It argues that its minimally good life account has some advantages over the main alternatives and that neither the first- nor third-person perspective can help us arrive at an adequate account. Rather, it employs the second-person perspective of free, reasonable care. So, if subsequent chapters’ arguments that we have reason to help everyone secure a basic minimum go through, we have reason to ensure that everyone lives well enough.
The Minimally Good Life and Basic Justice
Authors: Hassoun Nicole 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
What do we owe to others as a matter of basic justice? What can we claim for ourselves? This chapter suggests the minimally good life account provides a plausible new explanation of what we owe and can demand as a basic minimum. The chapter explains why the account plausibly generates significant, yet limited, demands that leave significant room for pure charity or altruism. It acknowledges the importance of basic rights as well as freedom and responsibility for human lives. It argues that this account (1) carves out a path between socialism and social democracy on the left, and traditional forms of luck egalitarianism and libertarianism on the right, (2) can inform theories of what we owe to people in our personal as well as political lives, and (3) differs from many other major accounts of basic justice.
Advantages of the Minimally Good Life Account
Authors: Hassoun Nicole 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The previous chapter defended the minimally good life account of what we owe to others and can justifiably demand as a matter of basic justice. Moreover, it explained where the account fit into the broader literature on social justice and political obligation. However, many more specific accounts of what we owe to others as a basic minimum exist in the literature. This chapter argues that the main contenders either demand too much or cannot demand enough (and sometimes that they both demand too much and not enough). Moreover, it argues that the most plausible alternatives fail to leave sufficient room for altruism or recognize the importance of freedom, rights, and responsibility for human lives.
Introduction
Authors: Knoppers Laura L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
After beginning with a challenge to the traditional literary historical break at 1660, this chapter traces the European and global ‘crises’ of the seventeenth century before turning to the British Isles. Literature in the Jacobean, Caroline, revolutionary, and Restoration periods is introduced formally and in historical context. The chapter then examines the wide range of poets, print culture alongside manuscript circulation, and the various milieux in which poetry was produced, including the archipelagic context. Having considered throughout the ways in which poetry adapts, changes, and transforms in response to political, cultural, and religious upheaval and change, the chapter points to ways in which the full-century purview challenges traditional assumptions, before concluding with a summary account of the organisational form and contents of the volume.
Sixteenth-Century European Influences
Authors: Welch Anthony 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Even as they strove to build a distinct and vibrant English literary culture, seventeenth-century poets were deeply aware of their literary inheritance from continental Europe. English authors from Donne to Dryden were foreign travellers, diplomats, exiles, armchair tourists, translators, imitators, and canon builders, their poetry often inspired (or provoked) by continental literary models and traditions. This chapter surveys a range of European influences that shaped these poets’ art, with an emphasis on Petrarchan and libertine lyric poetry, the rise of neoclassical literary genres such as the epic and the ode, and the emergence of satirical counter-discourses such as the Petrarchan anti-blazon and the mock-heroic tradition.
Classical Influences and Innovations
Authors: Brammall Sheldon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study of ancient Latin and Greek literature was central to the education of seventeenth-century poets, much as it was for their sixteenth-century predecessors. Fuelled by poetic, political, religious, and philosophical revolutions, seventeenth-century poets revised both the ancient past and the ways in which previous English poets had recreated that past. This chapter focuses on seventeenth-century English poets’ revisionary approaches to the classics, and their de- and re-mythologisations of classical myth. Two case studies show how these poets found models for their revisionary stances within the ancient poems themselves: Jonson’s scatological mock epic ‘On the Famous Voyage’, which turns back to Martial to satirise Spenserian poetry; and Hutchinson’s biblical epic Order and Disorder, which draws on Lucretius’s revisionary treatment of earlier myths for her own retelling of Genesis. The classics thus provide models for creative renewals of English poetic culture.
Biblical Translation and Inspiration
Authors: Fulton Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Along with their prefaces and marginal notes, English translations of the Bible played a significant cultural role in early modernity. Before the appearance in 1611 of the King James Version, which slowly asserted its dominance over the course of the century, the Geneva and the Bishops’ Bibles represented forms of English Protestantism, while the Douay-Rheims Bible provided English Catholics with different readings. Meanwhile, translations of biblical poetry from the Book of Psalms proliferated in separate volumes. As this chapter shows, this translation history had a profound impact on English literary production, which often imitated, drew from, and even participated in its own biblical translations, particularly from the Psalms. The chapter investigates how poets such as Aemilia Lanyer, George Herbert, John Milton, and Richard Crashaw wrote and translated biblical poetry, often with a sharp eye to the different texts and paratexts of the English Bible.
Poetry in Scribal Publication and Circulation
Authors: Burke Victoria E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses how poets used various modes of scribal publication to transmit their verse and how readers circulated and responded to that verse. Poems often moved from individual separates to quires or gatherings to larger compilations, sometimes from sources close to the author and sometimes to and through wider networks. The chapter explores some of the reasons that poems could find popularity in manuscript, related to genre and topic, and the ways that communal and collaborative structures—such as the spaces found in universities, the Inns of Court, the royal court, taverns, households, and Parliament—led to the writing and distribution of different kinds of verse. Considering the examples of Sir Walter Raleigh, Katherine Philips, Andrew Marvell, John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, and the notorious distributor of lampoons, Captain Robert Julian, among others, the chapter traces the main forms of manuscript transmission of verse across the entire seventeenth century.
Poetry on the Stage
Authors: Solomon Diana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Poetry in seventeenth-century plays augments communication between actors, characters, and the audience. Through the deft application of such poetic devices as rhyme and triplets, versified dramatic prologues and epilogues conditioned the audience to receive the play favourably. Intertextual poetry can enlarge the interpretive scope and serve as dramatic irony for well-versed audiences. And couplets that close soliloquies and scenes convey key interpretive material, such as philosophical musings, sympathetic readings of otherwise blameworthy characters, or premonitions of doom. Through close readings of George Etherege’s The Man of Mode, Aphra Behn’s The Rover, and William Congreve’s The Way of the World, this article illustrates how performed verse enables communication while also enriching literary interpretation.
Speaker and Voice
Authors: Dodds Lara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores prosopopoeia and apostrophe as the most significant rhetorical figures of voice in early modern English poetry. In written poetry, voice is a metaphor, yet it remains a crucial source of critical terms. While ostensibly describing the same phenomenon, the terms ‘speaker’ and ‘voice’ highlight distinct critical affordances. With its connection to the body, ‘voice’ highlights personal expression, presence, and authenticity, while ‘speaker’, which came to prominence with the New Criticism and as a tool of mid-twentieth century literary pedagogy, privileges the rhetorical and fictive aspects of poetry even as it concentrates discursive authority in a single source. Using examples of lyric poems by authors such as Milton, Pulter, Donne, Herbert, and Cavendish, this chapter shows how authors use apostrophe and prosopopoeia to reconcile the desire for an autonomous and singular speaker with the multiple voices that inhabit all poetry.
Rhyme, Metre, Sound, Form
Authors: Lynch Jack 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter is based on the observation that around the year 1600, an astonishing diversity of poetic forms flourished, but by 1700 only a small number of forms were in widespread use. Experimental forms such as the shaped poems of Herbert and Herrick, along with staples such as the sonnet sequence, declined in popularity throughout the century as literary tastes increasingly favoured verse that was smooth, sweet, and structured. The iambic pentameter couplet came to reign supreme, and blank verse’s association with Milton afforded it a new level of prestige as well. The contraction in formal possibilities was not total, especially among female poets, but by 1700, many kinds of formal inventiveness had gone into hibernation, waiting for reawakening by the poets of Romanticism.
Elegy
Authors: Ross Sarah C E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The history of English elegy in the seventeenth century is broadly a movement away from affiliations with the amatory erotics of Ovid, Catullus, and Propertius, and towards a more emphatic association with the funeral elegy, on the death of a person, with an internal poetic movement from mourning to consolation and praise. But across amorous and funereal versions of the elegy, there is a persistent and at times visceral fixation on the body of the elegiac subject and on the potential and challenges of its translation into poetic form. This essay surveys the history of seventeenth-century English elegy, focusing on its erotic, mourning, and political functions, and considering the figuration of the elusive body in its consolatory and memorialising schemas. It pays attention the most influential elegists of the century, including John Donne, John Milton, and Henry King; to women writers who engaged extensively in elegy, including Anne Southwell, Anne Bradstreet, Hester Pulter, and Lucy Hutchinson; and to the English revolution and its aftermath as historical events defining the use and form of elegy in the seventeenth century.
Songs, Ballads, and Broadsides
Authors: McIlvenna Una 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ballads were a ubiquitous product of seventeenth-century British popular culture. Cheaply printed, broadside ballads were hawked by street singers, who were associated with criminality. Topics varied from natural disasters to politics, from religious moralising to bawdry, making them an excellent tool for understanding seventeenth-century British society. White-letter ballads were political and usually high-brow, while black-letter ballads, which used simple language, could be on any topic. Set to familiar tunes, the songs were easy to learn and sing. The melodies were consciously chosen by composers because of their emotional and social connotations which added extra meaning to the new lyrics. The melody also dictated their structure, providing multiple kinds of metre rather than a single ‘ballad metre’. Ballads could use a variety of narrative voices, from the first-person voice of the condemned criminal to dialogue between two singers or could use invented regional accents to mock non-English people as ‘Other’.
Translation
Authors: Caldwell Tanya M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Poetic translation in seventeenth-century Britain reflects major cultural shifts as poets negotiated the relationship of the past to the present in the face of monarchical crisis, questions of national identity, women’s increasing leverage over literary production, and an emerging literary marketplace. The first part of this chapter focuses on early Stuart translations, in particular George Chapman’s Ovid. The second part addresses royalist nostalgia at mid-century as expressed through translation of Virgil, Ovid, and Lucretius. At the heart of this section is Lucy Hutchinson’s translation of Lucretius, which ultimately transcends traditional associations of politics, class, and gender. The final section considers the post-Restoration decades and surveys the organic changes in literary production over the century. The miscellany collections that juxtapose translations and original poems embody new practices in poetic composition and production. The key figure here is John Dryden, who developed English literary criticism through his prefatory essays on translation and whose Fables marks the end of an age.
Devotional Lyric
Authors: Wilcox Helen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The seventeenth century is regarded as one of the greatest eras of devotional lyrics in the history of English poetry; this chapter celebrates the variety and skilfulness of early modern poetic writing in the devotional mode. Following a discussion of what defines the devotional lyric and how poets faced the dual challenges of their own uncertain agency and the limits of language, the first section explores the nature of devotional lyrics by identifying them with the range of kinds of prayer practised by early modern believers. The second section discusses the secular poetic genres which devotional lyrics appropriate and transform, including the sonnet, song, epigram, dialogue, elegy, complaint, and emblem. The final section considers contextual factors that may have affected early modern devotional poetry, from the influence of the Bible and of music, to the gender and religious affiliation of the individual poets. Building on this, the conclusion suggests a redefinition of the genre.