bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression Subtypes in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Szigethy Eva M. , Youk Ada O. , Benhayon David , Fairclough Diane L. , Newara Melissa C. , Kirshner Margaret A. , Bujoreanu Simona I. , Mrakotsky Christine , Bousvaros Athos , Srinath Arvind I. , Keljo David J. , Kupfer David J. , DeMaso David R. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and depression provides a unique opportunity to understand the relation between systemic inflammation and depressive symptom profiles.Methods:Youth (n = 226) ages 9 to 17 years with comorbid IBD and depression underwent psychiatric assessment and evaluation of IBD activity. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified depressive subgroups based on similar responses to the Children's Depression Rating Scale‐Revised. Demographic factors, depression severity, anxiety, IBD activity, inflammatory markers, IBD‐related medications, and illness perception were evaluated as predictors of profile membership.Results:Mean age was 14.3 years; 75% had Crohn disease; 31% were taking systemic corticosteroids. Mean depressive severity was moderate, whereas IBD activity, which reflects inflammation, was mild. LPA identified 3 subgroups: Profile‐1 (mild, 75%) had diverse low‐grade depressive symptoms and highest quality of life; Profile‐2 (somatic, 19%) had severe fatigue, appetite change, anhedonia, decreased motor activity, and depressed mood with concurrent high‐dose steroid therapy and the highest IBD activity; and Profile‐3 (cognitive, 6%) had the highest rates of self‐reported depressive symptoms, ostomy placements, and anxiety with IBD symptoms in the relative absence of inflammation.Conclusions:Evidence was found for 3 depression profiles in youth with IBD and depression. Our analyses determined that patients with predominantly somatic or cognitive symptoms of depression comprised 25% of our cohort. These findings may be used to design subgroup‐specific interventions for depression in adolescents with IBD and other physical illnesses associated with systemic inflammation.
Evaluation and Treatment of Functional Constipation in Infants and Children
Authors: Tabbers M.M. , DiLorenzo C. , Berger M.Y. , Faure C. , Langendam M.W. , Nurko S. , Staiano A. , Vandenplas Y. , Benninga M.A. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBackground:Constipation is a pediatric problem commonly encountered by many health care workers in primary, secondary, and tertiary care. To assist medical care providers in the evaluation and management of children with functional constipation, the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition were charged with the task of developing a uniform document of evidence‐based guidelines.Methods:Nine clinical questions addressing diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic topics were formulated. A systematic literature search was performed from inception to October 2011 using Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and PsychInfo databases. The approach of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation was applied to evaluate outcomes. For therapeutic questions, quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Grading the quality of evidence for the other questions was performed according to the classification system of the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine. During 3 consensus meetings, all recommendations were discussed and finalized. The group members voted on each recommendation, using the nominal voting technique. Expert opinion was used where no randomized controlled trials were available to support the recommendation.Results:This evidence‐based guideline provides recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of children with functional constipation to standardize and improve their quality of care. In addition, 2 algorithms were developed, one for the infants <6 months of age and the other for older infants and children.Conclusions:This document is intended to be used in daily practice and as a basis for further clinical research. Large well‐designed clinical trials are necessary with regard to diagnostic evaluation and treatment.
EEG Abnormalities Are Associated With Increased Risk of Transplant or Poor Outcome in Children With Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Hussain Elora , Grimason Michele , Goldstein Joshua , Smith Craig M. , Alonso Estella , Whitington Peter F. , Wainwright Mark S. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:There are limited data on the incidence of seizures and utility of brain imaging and electroencephalogram (EEG) to predict outcome of children with acute liver failure (ALF). We investigated the association between hepatic encephalopathy (HE) scores, abnormal EEG or neuroimaging, and short‐term outcome.Methods:Single‐center retrospective observational study of infants and children with ALF who underwent continuous EEG monitoring and brain imaging within 24 hours of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).Results:A total of 19 patients with ALF with a mean age of 6.8 ± 1.5 years were evaluated. The majority of cases (74%) were indeterminate. Of the total, 10 patients (53%) survived to discharge without liver transplant (LT), 5 (26%) received LT, and 4 (21%) died without LT. Seizures occurred in only 2 cases (19%). Patients who had an abnormal EEG on admission (n = 7) were significantly more likely to die or require LT (P < 0.05, Fisher exact test). Patients with either an admission HE score ≤2, or liver injury unit score <222, combined with a normal or mildly abnormal EEG were more likely to survive without LT. Neuroimaging was normal in the majority of cases (87%) and was not associated with outcome.Conclusions:Children with a moderate or severe abnormality of EEG background on admission were significantly more likely to require LT or to die. Children with an HE score ≤2, and a normal or only mildly abnormal EEG, were significantly more likely to survive without needing LT. These findings are an initial step toward distinguishing patients with ALF who may recover spontaneously from those who will require LT.
The importance of population growth and regulation in human life history evolution
Authors: Baldini Ryan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractExplaining the evolution of human life history characteristics remains an outstanding problem to evolutionary anthropologists. Progress is hindered by common misunderstandings of how selection works in age-structured populations. I review two important results of life history theory related to demography. First, different life history strategies evolve under density-independent and density-dependent population growth. Second, and more poorly appreciated, different kinds of density-dependence also select for different life history strategies; assuming zero population growth alone is insufficient to determine the optimal strategy. I show that these facts are more than methodological niceties by reanalyzing the model by Kaplan et al. (2000) and showing that the results depend strongly on the form of population regulation assumed. This analysis suggests that progress in human life history theory requires better understanding of the demography of our ancestors. I close with a discussion of empirical implications.
A second chromosomal copy of the catA gene endows Pseudomonas putida mt‐2 with an enzymatic safety valve for excess of catechol
Authors: Jiménez Jose I. , Pérez‐Pantoja Danilo , Chavarría Max , Díaz Eduardo , de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPseudomonas putida mt‐2 harbours two different routes for catabolism of catechol, namely one meta pathway encoded by the xyl genes of the TOL plasmid pWW0 and one ortho pathway determined by the chromosomal ben and cat genes. P. putida mt‐2 has a second chromosomal copy of the catA gene (named catA2) located downstream of the ben operon that encodes an additional catechol‐1,2‐dioxygenase. The metabolic and regulatory phenotypes of strains lacking one enzyme, the other and both of them in cells with and without the TOL plasmid were evaluated. The data consistently indicated that induction of the ortho pathway by benzoate plasmid‐less strain P. putida KT2440 led to catechol surplus, the toxicity of which at high concentrations being counteracted by CatA2. Cells carrying pWW0 but lacking catA2 experienced both a rapid loss of the plasmid when grown on benzoate (a substrate of the lower pathway) and a slowdown of their growth rate when cultured with benzylalcohol (a substrate converted to benzoate by the upper pathway). These data reveal the role of CatA2 as a type of metabolic safety valve for excess catechol that alleviates the metabolic conflict generated by simultaneous expression of the meta and ortho pathways, thereby facilitating their co‐existence.
Experiments and Counter‐Experiments in the Urban Laboratory of Water‐ Supply Partnerships in India
Authors: Gopakumar Govind 
Published: December 2013

AbstractKaren Bakker has characterized the scattered islands of networked water supply that are common in the cities of the global South as ‘archipelagos’. Those living outside of archipelagos utilize a variety of interventions, collectively referred to here as tendrils, to access water by informal means. Neoliberal imperatives driving infrastructure transformation aim to alter the paradigm of water‐supply provision to diminish its plural composition and effectively transform tendrils into archipelagos. In this article, developing a conceptual and methodological synthesis between Science and Technology Studies (STS) and political ecology, I study the emergence of public‐private partnerships in India as laboratories in the marketization of water‐supply provision. These partnerships, initiated at local scales, aim to enroll informal water users into standardized modes of water‐supply provision and effectively expand the archipelagos of modernity. I draw upon empirical research of a water‐supply partnership in the city of Bengaluru, describing some of the characteristics of the experimental processes, and argue that they simultaneously forward the marketization of water‐supply services while inadvertently providing opportunities for residents, local associations and activists to form networks of counter‐experimentation. The description of these political acts, this article concludes, provokes re‐examination of the efficacy of an instrumental understanding of water partnerships, but requires closer policy engagement with ‘governance failures’ that are rife in water‐supply provision.
Development and Control of Bacterial Biofilms on Dairy Processing Membranes
Authors: Anand Sanjeev , Singh Diwakar , Avadhanula Mallika , Marka Sowmya 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMembrane fouling is a major operational problem that leads to reduced membrane performance and premature replacement of membranes. Bacterial biofilms developed on reverse osmosis membranes can cause severe flux declines during whey processing. Various types of biological, physical, and chemical factors regulate the formation of biofilms. Extracellular polymeric substances produced by constitutive microflora provide an effective barrier for the embedded cells. Cultural and microscopic techniques also revealed the presence of biofilms with attached bacterial cells on membrane surfaces. Presence of biofilms, despite regular cleaning processes, reflects ineffectiveness of cleaning agents. Cleaning efficiency depends upon factors such as pH of the cleaning agent, temperature, pressure, cleaning agent dose, optimum cleaning time, and cross‐flow velocity during cleaning. Among different cleaning agents, surfactants help to prevent bacterial attachment to surfaces by reducing the surface tension of water and interfacial tension between the layers. Enzymes mixed with surfactants and chelating agents can be used to penetrate the biofilm matrix formed by microbes. Recent studies have shown the role of quorum‐sensing‐based cell‐to‐cell signaling, which provides communication within bacterial cells to form a mature biofilm, and also the role of applying quorum inhibitors to prevent biofilm formation. Major cleaning applications are also summarized in Table .
Transcriptomic study of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus embryogenesis
Authors: Yin An , Pan Linlin , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Lei , Yin Yuxin , Jia Shangang , Liu Wanfei , Xin Chengqi , Liu Kan , Yu Xiaoguang , Sun Gaoyuan , Al‐hudaib Khalid , Hu Songnian , Al‐Mssallem Ibrahim S. , Yu Jun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an invasive, concealed and destructive tissue borer, and it becomes a lethal pest of the palm family of plants and has been reported to attack 20 palm species around the globe. Here we report a systematic transcriptomic study on embryogenesis of RPW, where we analyze the transcriptomes across five developmental stages of RPW embryogenesis, involving four embryonic stages (E1, E2, E3 and E4) and one larval stage (L1). Using the RNA‐seq and next‐generation platforms, we generated 80 to 91 million reads for each library and assemble 22 532 genes that are expressed at different embryonic stages. Among the total transcripts from the five embryonic development stages, we found that 30.45 % are differentially expressed, 10.10 % show stage‐specificity and even a larger fraction, 62.88 %, exhibit constitutive expression in all the stages. We also analyzes the expression dynamics of several conserved signaling pathways (such as Hedgehog, JAK‐STAT, Notch, TGF‐β, Ras/MAPK and Wnt), as well as key developmental genes, including those related to apoptosis, axis formation, Hox complex, neurogenesis and segmentation. The datasets provide an essential resource for gene annotation and RPW functional genomics, including studies by using tools and concepts from multiple disciplines, such as development, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics.
A screen for bacterial endosymbionts in the model organisms Tribolium castaneum, T. confusum, Callosobruchus maculatus, and related species
Authors: Goodacre Sara L. , Fricke Claudia , Martin Oliver Y. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractReproductive parasites such as Wolbachia are extremely widespread amongst the arthropods and can have a large influence over the reproduction and fitness of their hosts. Undetected infections could thus confound the results of a wide range of studies that focus on aspects of host behavior, reproduction, fitness, and degrees of reproductive isolation. This potential problem has already been underlined by work investigating the incidence of Wolbachia infections in stocks of the model system Drosophila melanogaster. Here we survey a range of lab stocks of further commonly used model arthropods, focusing especially on the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum, the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus and related species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae and Bruchidae). These species are widespread stored product pests so knowledge of infections with symbionts further has potential use in informing biocontrol measures. Beetles were assessed for infection with 3 known microbial reproductive parasites: Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma. Infections with some of these microbes were found in some of the lab stocks studied, although overall infections were relatively rare. The consequences of finding infections in these or other species and the type of previous studies likely to be affected most are discussed.
Historical and non‐invasive samples: a study case of genotyping errors in newly isolated microsatellites for the lesser anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla L., Pilosa)
Authors: Clozato Camila L. , Moraes‐Barros Nadia , Santos Fabrício R. , Morgante João S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTamandua tetradactyla (Pilosa), the lesser anteater, is a medium‐size mammal from South America. Its wide distribution through different landscapes, solitary and nocturnal habits, and the difficulty to capture and contain specimens limit the amount of individuals and populations sampled during fieldworks. These features along with the lack of specific molecular markers for the lesser anteater might be the causes for paucity in population genetic studies for the species. Historical samples from museum specimens, such as skins, and non‐invasive samples, such as plucked hair, can be supplementary sources of DNA samples. However, the DNA quantity and quality of these samples may be limiting factors in molecular studies. In this study, we describe nine microsatellite loci for T. tetradactyla and test the amplification success, data reliability and estimate errors on both historical and non‐invasive sample sets. We tested nine polymorphic microsatellites and applied the quality index approach to evaluate the relative performance in genotype analysis of 138 historical samples (study skin) and 19 non‐invasive samples (plucked hair). The observed results show a much superior DNA quality of non‐invasive over historical samples and support the quality index analysis as a practical tool to exclude samples with doubtful performance in genetic studies. We also found a relationship between the age of non‐invasive samples and DNA quality, but lack of evidence of this pattern for historical samples.
Role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET)‐computed tomography (CT) in the staging of bladder cancer
Authors: Goodfellow Henry , Viney Zaid , Hughes Paul , Rankin Sheila , Rottenberg Giles , Hughes Simon , Evison Felicity , Dasgupta Prokar , O'Brien Timothy , Khan Muhammad Shamim 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether to use 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scans in the preoperative staging of bladder cancer (BC).Patients and MethodsIn all, 233 patients with muscle‐invasive BC (MIBC) or high‐risk non‐MIBC being considered for radical cystectomy (RC) between 2005 and 2011 had FDG‐PET and computed tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen and pelvis to assess for pelvic lymph node (LN) involvement or distant metastases. Sensitivity and specificity for detecting pelvic LN involvement was determined by comparing the results of the scans to the histopathology reports in patients undergoing RC. These parameters for distant metastases were determined from biopsy results or follow‐up imaging. In patients who did not undergo RC, follow‐up imaging was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity. Patients were excluded from analysis if they either had neoadjuvant chemotherapy or had <10 LNs removed at lymphadenectomy.ResultsThe PET scan was able to detect metastatic disease outside of the pelvis with a sensitivity of 54% compared with 41% for the staging CT (N = 207). Both scans had similar specificities of 97% and 98%. There were 13 PET avid lesions not visualised on the corresponding staging CT scans. These proved to be metastatic BC (six patients), a synchronous primary colonic cancer (one), colonic adenomas (one), basal cell tumour of the parotid gland (one) and inflammatory lesions (four). The sensitivity and specificity of the CT scans for pelvic LN involvement was 45% and 98%, respectively (N = 93). Using a combination of the PET and CT scan, the sensitivity for detecting metastatic disease in LNs increased to 69% with a 3% reduction in specificity to 95%.ConclusionsPET when used in conjunction with a standard CT scan provides a small improvement in preoperative staging of BC. However, this advantage is not significant enough to justify the additional cost. Hence we recommend use of dual imaging only in highly selected patients.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Benson Helen E. , Faccenda Elena , Pawson Adam J. , Sharman Joanna L. , Spedding Michael , Peters John A. , Harmar Anthony J. ,   CGTP Collaborators
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Concise Guide toPHARMACOLOGY2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found athttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full.Gprotein‐coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others beingGprotein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets.It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the websitewww.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction withNC‐IUPHARand provides the officialIUPHARclassification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately inIUPHAR‐DBand the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: Catalytic Receptors
Authors: Alexander Stephen P.H. , Benson Helen E. , Faccenda Elena , Pawson Adam J. , Sharman Joanna L. , Spedding Michael , Peters John A. , Harmar Anthony J. ,   CGTP Collaborators
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full.Catalytic receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein‐coupled receptors, ligand‐gated ion channels, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets.It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC‐IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR‐DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates.