bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial polymer composites based on low‐density polyethylene and essential oils immobilized on various solid carriers
Authors: Urbankova Miroslava , Hrabalikova Martina , Poljansek Ida , Miskolczi Norbert , Sedlarik Vladimir 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the antibacterial modification of polymers with biologically active substances in essential oils [EOs; linalool, 4‐allylanisole (ALY), andtrans‐anethole]. These compounds were thermoplastically incorporated into a low‐density polyethylene matrix via solid inert carriers [wood flour (WF) and talc and molecular sieves] with physically immobilized EOs. The concentrations of the antibacterial modifiers on the carriers and in the resulting composites were determined with three chromatographic techniques (gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, pyrolysis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and high‐performance liquid chromatography). The effects of such modifications to the mechanical properties of the prepared composites were studied by stress–strain analysis. Interactions on the polymer matrix carriers were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The prepared composites were also tested for antibacterial activity against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacterial strains. The highest efficiency of isothermal immobilization was found for systems consisting of ALY and WF. This finding was in accordance with microbiological studies. The phase of immobilizing the EOs did not influence the mechanical properties of the studied composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42816.
Thermo‐rheological properties and miscibility of linear low‐density polyethylene‐silsesquioxane nanocomposites
Authors: Barczewski Mateusz , Sterzyński Tomasz , Dutkiewicz Michał 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe influence of octakis(n‐hexadecyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (hdPOSS) on rheological and thermal properties of linear low‐density polyethylene was investigated. Rheological evaluations realized by two different measuring techniques (rotational and extensional rheometry) allowed to obtain a wide range of information concerning an influence of silsesquioxanes on rheological properties of polymeric matrix. The studies were complemented with Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements. In order to evaluate the miscibility of thermoplastic matrix and hybrid organic‐inorganic nanosized filler, rheological investigations, Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy were applied. Simultaneously, based on the rheological and thermal investigations, the mechanism of interactions between polymeric matrix and silsesquioxanes was considered. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42825.
Numerische Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten von Saugrohrgründungen unter zyklisch axialen Druckeinwirkungen
Authors: Taşan H. Ercan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSaugrohrgründungen stellen eine alternative Gründungsmöglichkeit für Offshore‐Bauwerke dar. Sie können, im Gegensatz zu den in der Regel eingesetzten Rammpfählen, weitgehend schallemissionsfrei in den Baugrund eingebracht werden. Bei der Dimensionierung von Saugrohrgründungen spielen zyklische Einwirkungen aus Wind, Wellengang und Strömung eine besondere Rolle. Diese können zur Akkumulation von bleibenden Verformungen und Porenwasserüberdrücken in wassergesättigten Böden führen und sind deshalb innerhalb der Tragfähigkeits‐ und Gebrauchstauglichkeitsnachweise zu berücksichtigen. In diesem Beitrag wird das Tragverhalten des Boden‐Saugrohr‐Systems unter zyklisch axialen Druckeinwirkungen numerisch untersucht. In den FE‐Berechnungen wird ein Zwei‐Phasen‐Modell in Verbindung mit einem hypoplastischen Stoffgesetz für den wassergesättigten Boden verwendet. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei den Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Struktur, dem wassergesättigten Meeresboden und dem Porenwasser gewidmet. Der Einfluss und die Relevanz einiger der wichtigsten System‐ und Einwirkungsparameter, die die Porenwasserdruckentwicklung in wassergesättigten Böden beeinflussen, werden auf der Basis von parametrischen Studien untersucht. Darin werden die Zyklenanzahl, die Frequenz der zyklischen Einwirkung, die Einbindelänge sowie der Kopfplattendurchmesser des Saugrohres variiert. Der Einfluss von Akkumulationseffekten auf das interaktive Tragverhalten des Saugrohr‐Boden‐SystemsNumerical investigations on the behaviour of suction bucket foundations under cyclic axial compressive loadsSuction buckets are an alternative foundation type for offshore structures. Due to their widely noise emission‐free installation, they can be used instead of usual offshore foundations with driven piles. Cyclic loads induced by wind, water waves and currents play a special role for the design of suction bucket foundations. These loads can lead to an accumulation of permanent soil deformations and excess pore water pressures in water saturated soils. This has to be considered in ultimate limit state and serviceability design. In this paper the interaction behavior of soil‐bucket‐systems subjected to cyclic axial compressive loads is analyzed using a finite element model. A fully coupled two‐phase model and a hypoplastic constitutive model for the water saturated soil are used in the numerical analyses. Special attention will be dedicated to interactions between the structure, the water‐saturated soil and the pore water. The influence and relevance of some of the main system and loading parameters that affect the pore water pressure development in water‐saturated soil are studied on the basis of parametric studies. In there the cyclic loading number, the frequency, the embedded length and the diameter of top plate of the bucket are varied. Based on these investigations the importance and relevance of the consideration of cyclic accumulation effects with soil‐bucket‐systems is demonstrated and the key findings are presented.
Chancen und Risiken der Vertragsgestaltung für geotechnische Leistungen
Authors: Raabe Ernst‐Werner , Wawrzyniak Christian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractZu den Anforderungen an Baugrundgutachten und die geotechnische Begleitung von Bauvorhaben besteht eine umfassende und bewährte Regelungslage, flankiert durch eine langjährige Rechtsprechung zum Thema Baugrundrisiko. Allerdings wird auch bei anspruchsvollen Tiefbauaufgaben häufig der Versuch unternommen, den Aufwand für Baugrunduntersuchungen unterhalb dieser Standards zu halten, verbunden mit einer angepassten neuen Risikoverteilung mit erheblichem Konfliktpotenzial.Für übliche Vertragsgestaltungen werden die dabei für die Beteiligten entstehenden Risiken aufgezeigt und Hinweise zu einer nutzbringenden vertraglichen Behandlung geotechnischer Leistungen gegeben.Opportunities and risks in contracts for geotechnical servicesThere are comprehensive and proven regulations regarding the standards of foundation reports and geotechnical monitoring of large construction projects supported by longtime jurisdiction on foundation risk. Nevertheless, even for demanding heavy construction projects the parties involved try to keep the effort for foundation investigation very often below those standards leading to an adapted risk sharing involving considerable potential for conflicts.For the setting‐up of standard contracts the arising risks will be presented and recommendations for a useful consideration of geotechnical services in those contracts will be provided.
Die Beschaffenheit des Baugrundes als Rechtsproblem bei der Abwicklung von Bauverträgen
Authors: Leupertz Stefan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDer Baugrund stellt die Bauschaffenden immer wieder vor große Probleme. Seine Beschaffenheit lässt sich – wenn überhaupt – nur mit relativ großem Aufwand einigermaßen verlässlich klären; ein Restrisiko bleibt immer. Dementsprechend häufig erleben die Baubeteiligten unliebsame Überraschungen mit dem Baugrund, so etwa, wenn sich beim Aushub der Baugrube herausstellt, dass unerwartet auftretendes Grundwasser bewältigt werden muss oder wenn die Bodenbeschaffenheit eine viel aufwändigere Gründung des herzustellenden Bauwerks erzwingt, als sie geplant und vertraglich vorgesehen war. Diese mit den Bodenverhältnissen einhergehenden bautechnischen Unwägbarkeiten betreffen unweigerlich auch die rechtliche Abwicklung von Bauverträgen. Dort lauten die zentralen, immer wiederkehrenden Fragen: Wer haftet für Baumängel, die darauf zurückzuführen sind, dass die Bauausführung nicht zu der Beschaffenheit des Baugrundes passt? Und: Wer trägt die Mehrkosten, die durch eine gegenüber dem Ausgangsvertrag geänderte, an die tatsächlichen Bodenverhältnisse angepasste Bauausführung anfallen? Solche Fragen werden in Rechtsprechung und Literatur gerne durch Zuweisung des “Baugrundrisikos” beantwortet. Dieser Ansatz ist bedenklich; er führt nicht selten auf Abwege. Die folgenden Ausführungen werden zeigen, dass es eine eigenständige rechtliche Kategorie “Baugrundrisiko” nicht gibt und dass die “Zuweisung” des tatsächlichen Risikos “Baugrund” allein den rechtsgeschäftlichen Entscheidungen der Parteien vorbehalten ist. Wer das Baugrundrisiko zu tragen hat, ist im Einzelfall nach allgemeinen Grundsätzen der Rechtsgeschäftslehre zu beurteilen und in der Regel durch Auslegung des Vertrages zu ermitteln. Dementsprechend beschäftigt sich Abschn. 1 des Beitrages zunächst ausführlich mit diesen Grundsätzen und der Struktur des Bauvertrages. Unter Abschn. 2 geht es dann um deren Anwendung auf die Fälle, in denen der Baugrund nicht die Beschaffenheiten besitzt, die vorzufinden die Beteiligten erwartet haben.
Clinical outcomes following target lesion revascularization for bioresorbable scaffold failure
Authors: Tanaka Akihito , Ruparelia Neil , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Sticchi Alessandro , Figini Filippo , Carlino Mauro , Chieffo Alaide , Montorfano Matteo , Latib Azeem , Colombo Antonio 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate clinical outcomes following target lesion revascularization (TLR) for bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) failure in a real world population.BackgroundBRS has become a new option in percutaneous coronary intervention, and may be potentially advantages because of the absence of a permanent metallic cage and the possibility for restoration of vasomotion and endothelial function. However, the requirement for TLR following BRS has been reported, but data on outcomes following reintervention are currently lacking.MethodsEighteen patients (20 lesions) who underwent TLR for BRS failure were identified at two high‐volume centers in Milan, Italy. Clinical outcomes including all cause death, myocardial infarction, and repeat TLR after TLR for BRS failure were examined.ResultsThe type of scaffold failure at TLR was classified into focal pattern in 15 lesions, diffuse pattern in two lesions, restenosis at side branch ostium in one lesion and scaffold thrombosis in two lesions. TLR was treated with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) in two lesions, with drug‐coating balloon in three lesions, drug eluting stent implantation in 11 lesions, further BRS implantation in four lesions. During the followup (median: 345 days after TLR), one sudden death and three repeat TLRs were observed.ConclusionIn our series, we observed an adverse event rate of 20% of during the followup period following TLR for BRS failure. The optimal treatment option for these patients remains to be determined. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case of adolescent giant parathyroid adenoma presenting multiple osteolytic fractures and postoperative hungry bone syndrome
Authors: Ebina Kosuke , Miyoshi Yuji , Izumi Shinji , Hashimoto Jun , Naka Norifumi , Tsukamoto Yasunori , Kashii Masafumi , Kaito Takashi , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessagePrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and postoperative hungry bone syndrome are very rare conditions in adolescents, and may be frequently misdiagnosed as a metastatic bone tumor. However, delay in diagnosis may lead to a fatal preoperative hypercalcemia and postoperative hypocalcemia. PHPT is a differential diagnosis of adolescent hypercalcemia and osteolytic fractures.
Preparation of Nickel Phosphide Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts Assisted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Motos‐Pérez Blanca , Uzio Denis , Aymonier Cyril 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo meet the increasing demand for clean fuels, deep hydrotreatment reactions are required, and thereby, improvement of the performance of the catalysts is highly desired. Silica‐supported nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanoparticles have been reported to be efficient catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions. We propose herein an innovative preparation method assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to produce highly active Ni2P nanoparticles combining small size and high reducibility. In addition, scCO2 promotes the formation of the Ni2P phase with respect to the less active Ni12P5 phase. Such phosphide catalysts exhibit high activity for the HDS of 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene, with a rate constant up to one order of magnitude higher than that of non‐supercritical references and close to conventional alumina supported NiMoS catalyst.
Variations in cancer centers' use of cytology for the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma in the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Gansler Ted , Fedewa Stacey A. , Lin Chun Chieh , Jemal Ahmedin , Ward Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDCytology is an accurate, safe, cost‐effective, and guideline‐recommended method for the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), but little is known about whether its use varies by treatment facility and patient characteristics.METHODSMethods of diagnosis (cytology vs histology) for 86,830 patients with SCLC from 1314 facilities that contributed data to a nationwide registry and associations of diagnostic methods with patient and facility characteristics were studied in bivariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTSThe percentages of SCLC cases diagnosed by cytology in community cancer programs, comprehensive community cancer programs, academic cancer programs, and National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer centers were 13.2%, 15.4%, 23.3%, and 31.3%, respectively (P < .0001). The corresponding prevalence ratios (and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of cytologic diagnosis using multivariate marginal logistic regression models and National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer centers as the referent category were 0.45 (95% CI, 0.36‐0.57), 0.52 (95% CI, 0.42‐0.64), and 0.78 95% CI, (0.62‐0.96), respectively. In contrast, the use of cytology varied little by patient demographic and clinical factors.CONCLUSIONSThe substantial variation among different types of cancer centers in their use of cytology for the diagnosis of SCLC suggests a need for additional research to study reasons for these differences as well as quality‐improvement interventions to encourage adherence to guidelines for SCLC diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2016;124:44–52. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Developing measuring inductance strategies on a direct current machine using a DC source with magnetic saturation
Authors: Chuang Ning , Gale Timothy J. , Langman Richard A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis article describes a novel measuring inductance strategy on direct current (DC) machines. Measuring self‐inductance and mutual‐inductance in rotating machines is always a very challenging task over a few decades. A significant challenge in modeling electric machines is to obtain their variables and parameters as accurate as possible. The method developed in this paper using a DC source for measuring the inductance in a DC machine overcomes some problems associated with traditional methods by using an alternating current source. In particular, it enables the field winding to carry its rated DC. This approach has demonstrated the feasibility of taking measurements for inductance in a DC machine and providing its field current that is sufficient to lead magnetic saturation, such that the flux can be kept the same as the supplied flux to the running DC machine. The proposed method for measuring both self‐inductance and mutual inductance of the DC machine armature winding coils has played a main role in modeling DC machines under a wide range of operating conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between the green‐island phenotype and Wolbachia infections during the evolutionary diversification of Gracillariidae leaf‐mining moths
Authors: Gutzwiller Florence , Dedeine Franck , Kaiser Wilfried , Giron David , Lopez‐Vaamonde Carlos 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInternally feeding herbivorous insects such as leaf miners have developed the ability to manipulate the physiology of their host plants in a way to best meet their metabolic needs and compensate for variation in food nutritional composition. For instance, some leaf miners can induce green‐islands on yellow leaves in autumn, which are characterized by photosynthetically active green patches in otherwise senescing leaves. It has been shown that endosymbionts, and most likely bacteria of the genus Wolbachia, play an important role in green‐island induction in the apple leaf‐mining moth Phyllonorycter blancardella. However, it is currently not known how widespread is this moth‐Wolbachia‐plant interaction. Here, we studied the co‐occurrence between Wolbachia and the green‐island phenotype in 133 moth specimens belonging to 74 species of Lepidoptera including 60 Gracillariidae leaf miners. Using a combination of molecular phylogenies and ecological data (occurrence of green‐islands), we show that the acquisitions of the green‐island phenotype and Wolbachia infections have been associated through the evolutionary diversification of Gracillariidae. We also found intraspecific variability in both green‐island formation and Wolbachia infection, with some species being able to form green‐islands without being infected by Wolbachia. In addition, Wolbachia variants belonging to both A and B supergroups were found to be associated with green‐island phenotype suggesting several independent origins of green‐island induction. This study opens new prospects and raises new questions about the ecology and evolution of the tripartite association between Wolbachia, leaf miners, and their host plants.
Synthesis of Carbon‐Encapsulated Cu–Ag Dimetallic Nanoparticles and Their Recyclable Superior Catalytic Activity towards 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Xu Shuling , Li Haibo , Wang Lei , Yue Qiaoli , Li Rui , Xue Qingwang , Zhang Yuanfu , Liu Jifeng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA facile one‐pot route has been developed for the synthesis of carbon‐encapsulated Cu–Ag dimetallic nanoparticles (C–CuAg NPs). The synthesis was conducted using AgNO3 and Cu(NO3)2 as metal precursors and ascorbic acid as the reduction agent and carbon source. The catalytic activities of the C–CuAg NPs for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) with NaBH4 were tracked by UV/Vis spectroscopy, which demonstrates that the as‐prepared C–CuAg NPs exhibit significantly enhanced catalytic activity compared with carbon‐encapsulated Cu nanoparticles (C–CuNPs) and carbon‐encapsulated Ag nanoparticles (C–Ag NPs). Notably, the catalysts are stable, and there is a high conversion efficiency for at least ten successive cycles. Considering the green facile preparation procedure and high catalytic activity, the prepared C–CuAg NPs hold great promise as highly efficient, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly catalysts for industrial applications.
A Complex Self‐Catenated Coordination Framework with a Rare (3,12)‐Connected Underlying Net Showing Selective Adsorption of CO2
Authors: Luo Feng , Meng Pan Pan , Feng Xue Feng , Dang Li Long , Zhang Xiao Jing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHerein, we report a unique self‐catenated metal‐organic framework (MOF) with an underlying (3,12)‐connected topology based on Co4 clusters. Moreover, the special dumbbell‐like pore configuration, the exact match between the pore aperture and the kinetic diameter of CO2, as well as the coexistence of acylamide and NH2 groups in the MOF enhances the selectivity of adsorption of CO2 over other gases such as CO, CH4, O2, and N2.
Reactivity of Polar Organometallic Compounds in Unconventional Reaction Media: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: García‐Álvarez Joaquin , Hevia Eva , Capriati Vito 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDeveloping new green solvents in designing chemical products and processes or successfully employing the already existing ones is one of the key subjects in green chemistry and is especially important in organometallic chemistry, which is an interdisciplinary field. Can we advantageously also use unconventional reaction media in place of current harsh organic solvents for polar organometallic compounds? This microreview critically analyses the state of the art with regard to this topic and showcases recent developments and breakthroughs that are becoming new research directions in this field. Because metals cover a vast swath of the Periodic Table the content is organised into three sections discussing the reactivity of organometallic compounds of s‐, p‐ and d‐block elements in unconventional solvents.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro[1,3‐­indanedione–tetrahydrothiophene]s by ­Organocatalytic Sulfa‐Michael/Michael Domino Reaction
Authors: Duan Jindian , Cheng Jing , Li Bing , Qi Fei , Li Pengfei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe organocatalytic asymmetric domino reaction between 2‐arylidene‐1,3‐indanediones and 4‐mercapto‐2‐butenoates for the construction of chiral spiro[indane‐1,3‐dione–tetrahydrothiophene] skeletons was developed. In the presence of a tertiary amine–thiourea organocatalyst, a series of 2‐arylidene‐1,3‐indanediones reacted with tert‐butyl 4‐mercapto‐2‐butenoate smoothly to furnish chiral spiro heterocycles in good yields (75–99 %) with high enantioselectivities (89–99 % ee) and diastereoselectivities (75.4:24.6 to 97.1:2.9 dr). Notably, functionalized chiral spiro heterocycles were also built in one pot through an aldol condensation/sulfa‐Michael/Michael domino reaction in similarly high yields with high asymmetric induction.
Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral N‐Substituted Pyr­azoles by Aza‐Michael Reaction
Authors: Lee Su‐Jeong , Bae Ju‐Yeon , Cho Chang‐Woo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn efficient cinchona‐based phase‐transfer‐catalyzed asymmetric aza‐Michael reaction of pyrazole with various α,β‐unsaturated ketones has been developed for the preparation of chiral N‐substituted pyrazoles. This reaction provided the desired products in good yields (up to 99 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (87–94 % ee). In addition, the reaction of 3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazole, an unsymmetrically substituted pyrazole, was treated with α,β‐unsaturated ketones to afford the corresponding chiral N‐substituted pyrazoles in good yields (up to 99 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (90–92 % ee) and regioisomeric ratios of up to 9:1.
Gold Supported on Silica Catalyzes the Aerobic Oxidation of N,N‐Disubstituted Hydroxylamines to Nitrones
Authors: D'Adamio Giampiero , Parmeggiani Camilla , Goti Andrea , Cardona Francesca 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new method for the preparation of nitrones through the aerobic oxidation of the corresponding N,N‐disubstituted hydroxylamines has been developed by exploring a new catalytic reactivity of gold supported on silica. The oxidation occurs under very mild conditions (flux of air, methanol or water, room temperature). The oxidation of a range of highly functionalized hydroxylamines with complete conversions and excellent yields of nitrones illustrates the selectivity, efficiency, and reliability of this practical method. The oxidation was shown to take place chemoselectively in competition experiments with benzyl alcohol and dibutylamine.