bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombin-Induced CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β Activation and IL-8/CXCL8 Expression via MEKK1, ERK, and p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase 1 in Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lin Chien-Huang , Nai Po-Ling , Bien Mauo-Ying , Yu Chung-Chi , Chen Bing-Chang 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Thrombin, a serine protease, is a well-known coagulation factor generated during vascular injury and plays an important role in lung inflammation. We previously showed that the c-Src– and Rac/PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB pathways are involved in thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression in human lung epithelial cells (A549). In this study, we investigated the role of the MEK kinase (MEKK)1/ERK/p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)1–dependent C/EBPβ signaling pathway in thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 expression. Thrombin-induced IL-8/CXCL8 release and IL-8/CXCL8-luciferase activity were attenuated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) of C/EBPβ and by cells transfected with the C/EBPβ site mutation of the IL-8/CXCL8 construct. Moreover, thrombin-induced κB-luciferase activity was also inhibited by C/EBPβ siRNA. The thrombin-induced increases in IL-8/CXCL8 release and IL-8/CXCL8-luciferase were also inhibited by MEKK1 siRNA, PD98059 (an MEK inhibitor), U0126 (an ERK inhibitor), and RSK1 siRNA. Treatment of cells with thrombin caused an increase in C/EBPβ phosphorylation at Thr235, C/EBPβ-luciferase activity, recruitment of C/EBPβ to the IL-8/CXCL8 promoter, and C/EBPβ-specific DNA complex formation. Furthermore, thrombin-mediated C/EBPβ phosphorylation and C/EBPβ-luciferase activity were inhibited by MEKK1 siRNA, PD98059, and RSK1 siRNA. Stimulation of cells with thrombin resulted in an increase in RSK1 phosphorylation at Thr359/Ser363, and this effect was inhibited by MEKK1 siRNA and PD98059. The thrombin-induced increase in ERK activation was inhibited by MEKK1 siRNA. These results imply that thrombin activates the MEKK1/ERK/RSK1 signaling pathway, which in turn initiates C/EBPβ activation, recruitment of C/EBPβ to the IL-8/CXCL8 promoter, and C/EBPβ-specific DNA complex formation, and ultimately induces IL-8/CXCL8 expression and release in lung epithelial cells.
T Lymphocyte–Dependent and –Independent Regulation of Cxcl8 Expression in Zebrafish Intestines
Authors: Brugman Sylvia , Witte Merlijn , Scholman Rianne C. , Klein Mark R. , Boes Marianne , Nieuwenhuis Edward E. S. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
CXCL8 is a potent neutrophil recruiting chemokine. CXCL8 is produced by several innate immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, as well as epithelial cells. Although previously considered only to be produced as a result of TLR signaling in these cells, recent reports show that T cell–derived cytokines also induce CXCL8 in epithelial cells. Likewise, we observed that T cell inhibition diminished intestinal production of functional mouse homologs of CXCL8 in the early phase of enterocolitis. In this study, we specifically investigated whether adaptive cells contribute to innate cxcl8 expression in the intestines. To this end, we used the zebrafish as our model system. Unlike murine models that lack CXCL8, zebrafish have two CXCL8 chemokines that are both elevated after an acute inflammatory stimulus and recruit neutrophils. Furthermore, zebrafish develop innate and adaptive immunity sequentially, enabling analysis of intestinal cxcl8 expression in the absence (&lt;3 wk of age) and presence (&gt;3 wk of age) of adaptive immunity. In this study, we show that intestinal cxcl8-l1 but not cxcl8-l2 expression is regulated by T lymphocytes under homeostatic conditions. In contrast, during intestinal inflammation especially, cxcl8-l1 expression is upregulated independent of T lymphocyte presence. Furthermore, we show that human CXCL8 is able to induce intestinal zebrafish neutrophil recruitment and cxcl8-l1 expression, demonstrating that zebrafish can be used as a model to study CXCL8 function and regulation. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that Cxcl8-l1 and Cxcl8-l2 are differentially regulated via T lymphocyte–dependent and –independent mechanisms during homeostasis and inflammation.
Effect of Organic Montmorillonite Type on the Swelling Behavior of Superabsorbent Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Gu Qingfeng , Yin Jun , Wang Zhiguo , He Peixin 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMontmorillonite was modified with N,N′‐dimethyl‐N‐dodecyl methacryloxylethyl ammonium bromide (DMAEA–DB), and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the intercalation agent. Then, a series of different types of superabsorbent composites based on the monomers acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) were synthesized through inverse suspension polymerization. The superabsorbent hydrogels prepared were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer; and the swelling behaviors of the hydrogels were also investigated. Results showed that the intercalation was successful. The water absorbency for poly(AA–AM/DMAEA–DB–MMT) was always higher than that of poly(AA–AM/CTAB–MMT) in the range of the OMMT content investigated. The amount of OMMT also influenced the water absorbency of the hydrogels, they reached the highest water absorbency of 1100 g/g for the former at the content of 10%, and 875 g/g for the latter at the content of 6% in distilled water, respectively. The water absorbency decreased with the increase in the concentration of saline solutions for all the samples. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels was dependent on the pH. Poly(AA–AM/DMAEA–DB–MMT) had a better thermal stability than poly(AA–AM/CTAB–MMT), while having a lower water‐retention capacity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21400; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21400
Neural Network: A Potential Approach for Error Reduction in Color Values of Polycarbonate
Authors: Saeed U. , Alsadi J. , Ahmad S. , Rizvi G. , Ross D. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn current exploration, the artificial neural network (ANN) is executed to reduce the errors in color values of polycarbonate. The network consists of sigmoid hidden units and a linear output unit arranged in a feed forward backpropagation architecture. An optimal design is accomplished for 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 hidden neurons on a hidden layer with five different algorithms involving batch gradient descent, batch variable learning rate, resilient back propagation, scaled conjugate gradient, and Levenberg–Marquardt. The training data for ANN are obtained from experimental measurements. There were 22 inputs and three tristimulus color values L*, a*, and b* were used as an output layer. Statistical analysis in terms of root‐mean‐squared, an absolute fraction of variance (R2), as well as a mean square error is used to investigate the performance of ANN. The best result in terms of statistics is presented by the LM algorithm with 14 neurons in the designed ANN model. The degree of accuracy of the ANN model in reduction of errors is proven acceptable in all statistical analysis and shown in results. However, it was concluded that ANN provides a possible method in error reduction in specific color tristimulus values. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21402; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21402
New insights into the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis sinusitis
Authors: Chang Eugene H. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundPeople with cystic fibrosis (CF) sinus disease have developmental sinus abnormalities with airway bacterial infection, inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance and thick obstructive mucus. The pathophysiology of airway disease in CF is not completely understood, and current treatments in CF sinus disease ameliorate symptoms but do not provide a cure.MethodsThis manuscript reviews the history of CF, its manifestations in sinus disease, and the potential impact and relationship of CF on the upper and lower airway.ResultsThere is increasing evidence that CF sinus disease may affect CF lung disease, the most common cause of mortality in CF. We have been limited in treating the symptoms of advanced CF sinus disease with our current therapies.ConclusionsRecent discoveries in the pathophysiology of CF using the CF porcine animal model and exciting treatments that address the primary gene defect that may translate into improved outcomes in CF and non‐CF sinusitis in humans.
Magnetogenese in Wasser, ausgelöst durch einen chemischen Analyten
Authors: Hasserodt Jens , Kolanowski Jacek Lukasz , Touti Faycal 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDieser Kurzaufsatz befasst sich mit einem neuen Forschungsfeld: dem Auslösen der Änderung der magnetischen Eigenschaften einer flüssigen Probe bei Zugabe eines chemischen Analyten. Die Kenntnisse über Materialproben, die ihr magnetisches Verhalten bei Modulation physikalischer Umweltparameter ändern, sind umfassend; man kennt sogar einige Beispiele, bei denen dies für flüssige Proben zutrifft. Dagegen sind Fälle von gelösten Molekülen oder Partikeln, die auf diese Weise bei konstanten Bedingungen auf einen chemischen Analyten reagieren, begrenzt. Auch wenn unsere Diskussion Beispiele in organischen Lösungsmitteln einschließt, so liegt doch der Schwerpunkt des Kurzaufsatzes auf Wasser. Dieser soll dem Leser ein Leitfaden zum Entwurf neuer magnetogener Sonden für den Nachweis des chemischen Analyten seiner Wahl sein.
Why is Firefly Oxyluciferin a Notoriously Labile Substance?
Authors: Maltsev Oleg V. , Nath Naba K. , Naumov Panče , Hintermann Lukas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe chemistry of firefly bioluminescence is important for numerous applications in biochemistry and analytical chemistry. The emitter of this bioluminescent system, firefly oxyluciferin, is difficult to handle. The cause of its lability was clarified while its synthesis was reinvestigated. A side product was identified and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The reason for the lability of oxyluciferin is now ascribed to autodimerization of the coexisting enol and keto forms in a Mannich‐type reaction.
Stabilization of Copper Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Reactions by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: O'Neill Brandon J. , Jackson David H. K. , Crisci Anthony J. , Farberow Carrie A. , Shi Fengyuan , Alba‐Rubio Ana C. , Lu Junling , Dietrich Paul J. , Gu Xiangkui , Marshall Christopher L. , Stair Peter C. , Elam Jeffrey W. , Miller Jeffrey T. , Ribeiro Fabio H. , Voyles Paul M. , Greeley Jeffrey , Mavrikakis Manos , Scott Susannah L. , Kuech Thomas F. , Dumesic James A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) of an alumina overcoat can stabilize a base metal catalyst (e.g., copper) for liquid‐phase catalytic reactions (e.g., hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furfural in alcoholic solvents or water), thereby eliminating the deactivation of conventional catalysts by sintering and leaching. This method of catalyst stabilization alleviates the need to employ precious metals (e.g., platinum) in liquid‐phase catalytic processing. The alumina overcoat initially covers the catalyst surface completely. By using solid state NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and electron microscopy, it was shown that high temperature treatment opens porosity in the overcoat by forming crystallites of γ‐Al2O3. Infrared spectroscopic measurements and scanning tunneling microscopy studies of trimethylaluminum ALD on copper show that the remarkable stability imparted to the nanoparticles arises from selective armoring of under‐coordinated copper atoms on the nanoparticle surface.
Preparation and characterization of polychloroprene nanocomposites with cellulose nanofibers from oil palm empty fruit bunches as a nanofiller
Authors: Fahma Farah , Hori Naruhito , Iwata Tadahisa , Takemura Akio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from oil palm empty fruit bunches were chemically modified by acetylation with acetic anhydride and pyridine (as the solvent and catalyst). The acetylated CNFs showed good dispersion in a polychloroprene (PCR) matrix. The tensile strength and modulus of neat PCR were improved, whereas its elongation at break decreased with increasing nanofiber content. Above the glass‐transition temperature (Tg), the dynamic mechanical analysis profiles showed that the storage modulus of the PCR–cellulose nanocomposites was higher than that of neat PCR. Meanwhile, the thermal stability was still maintained, and the Tg was close to the neat PCR at the 5 wt % addition level of CNFs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40159.
Modification of a nicotinic acid functionalized water‐soluble acrylamide sulfonate copolymer for chemically enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Gou Shaohua , Liu Man , Ye Zhongbin , Zhou Lihua , Jiang Wenchao , Cai Xiaoxiao , He Yang 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTN,N‐Diallyl nicotinamide (DANA) and acrylic acid (AA) were used to react with acrylamide (AM) and synthesize a novel nicotinic acid functionalized water‐soluble copolymer AM/AA/DANA by redox free‐radical polymerization. Then, the acrylamide/sodium acrylamido methanesulfonate/acrylic acid/N,N‐diallyl nicotinamide (AM/AMS/AA/DANA) was obtained by the introduction of the SO3− group into AM/AA/DANA after sulfomethylation. The optimal reaction conditions, such as the monomer ratio, initiator concentration, reaction temperature, and pH of the copolymerization or sulfomethylation, were investigated. Both AM/AA/DANA and AM/AMS/AA/DANA were characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, scanning electron microscopy, and intrinsic viscosity testing. We found that the AM/AMS/AA/DANA had a remarkable temperature tolerance (120°C, viscosity retention rate = 39.8%), shear tolerance (1000 s−1, viscosity retention rate = 23.3%), and salt tolerance (10 g/L NaCl, 1.5 g/L MgCl2, 1.5 g/L CaCl2, viscosity retention rates = 37.4, 27.5, and 21.6%). In addition, the result of the core flood test showed that the about 13.1% oil recovery could be enhanced by 2.0 g/L AM/AMS/AA/DANA at 70°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40165.
Two‐pore channels (TPCs): Current controversies
Authors: Morgan Anthony J. , Galione Antony 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMuch excitement surrounded the proposal that a family of endo‐lysosomal channels, the two‐pore channels (TPCs) were the long sought after targets of the Ca2+‐mobilising messenger, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). However, the role of TPCs in NAADP signalling may be more complex than originally envisaged. First, NAADP may not bind directly to TPCs but via an accessory protein. Second, two papers recently challenged the notion that TPCs are NAADP‐regulated Ca2+ channels by suggesting that they are highly selective Na+ channels regulated by the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5‐bisphosphate and by ATP. This paper aims critically to evaluate the evidence for TPCs as NAADP targets and to discuss how the new findings fit in with what we know about endo‐lysosomal Ca2+ stores.
De novo design of functional proteins: Toward artificial hydrogenases
Authors: Faiella Marina , Roy Anindya , Sommer Dayn , Ghirlanda Giovanna 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOver the last 25 years, de novo design has proven to be a valid approach to generate novel, well‐folded proteins, and most recently, functional proteins. In response to societal needs, this approach is been used increasingly to design functional proteins developed with an eye toward sustainable fuel production. This review surveys recent examples of bioinspired de novo designed peptide based catalysts, focusing in particular on artificial hydrogenases. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 558–571, 2013.
Total chemical synthesis of an Orf virus protein, ORFV002, an inhibitor of the master gene regulator NF‐κB
Authors: Son S. J. , Harris P. W. R. , Squire C. J. , Baker E. N. , Kent S. B. H. , Brimble M. A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTORFV002 is a novel orf viral protein (117 Aa) that inhibits nuclear events through the regulation of the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB, a master regulator of human gene expression (Diel et al., J Virol 2011, 85, 264–275). It is identified as the first nuclear inhibitor of NF‐κB produced by orf virus (ORFV) and no homologues in other genera of the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily have been reported to date (Diel et al., J Virol 2011, 85, 264–275). Our molecular structure predictions suggest that ORFV002 may mimic part of IκB, an inhibitor and natural human partner of NF‐κB. Recent advances in total chemical synthesis of proteins have provided solutions in overcoming challenges of current recombinant methods of protein isolation for structure elucidation. Aided by Boc solid phase peptide synthesis and native chemical ligation, ORFV002 was successfully synthesized in multimilligram amounts in good yield and high purity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 102: 137–144, 2014.
Multidisciplinary management strategies for acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Lu Y , Loffroy R , Lau J Y W , Barkun A 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The modern management of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is centred on endoscopy, with recourse to interventional radiology and surgery in refractory cases. The appropriate use of intervention to optimize outcomes is reviewed.

Methods
A literature search was undertaken of PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials between January 1990 and April 2013 using validated search terms (with restrictions) relevant to upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Results
Appropriate and adequate resuscitation, and risk stratification using validated scores should be initiated at diagnosis. Coagulopathy should be corrected along with blood transfusions, aiming for an international normalized ratio of less than 2·5 to proceed with possible endoscopic haemostasis and a haemoglobin level of 70 g/l (excluding patients with severe bleeding or ischaemia). Prokinetics and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can be administered while awaiting endoscopy, although they do not affect rebleeding, surgery or mortality rates. Endoscopic haemostasis using thermal or mechanical therapies alone or in combination with injection should be used in all patients with high-risk stigmata (Forrest I–IIb) within 24 h of presentation (possibly within 12 h if there is severe bleeding), followed by a 72-h intravenous infusion of PPI that has been shown to decrease further rebleeding, surgery and mortality. A second attempt at endoscopic haemostasis is generally made in patients with rebleeding. Uncontrolled bleeding should be treated with targeted or empirical transcatheter arterial embolization. Surgical intervention is required in the event of failure of endoscopic and radiological measures. Secondary PPI prophylaxis when indicated and Helicobacter pylori eradication are necessary to decrease recurrent bleeding, keeping in mind the increased false-negative testing rates in the setting of acute bleeding.

Conclusion
An evidence-based approach with multidisciplinary collaboration is required to optimize outcomes of patients presenting with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Incisional hernia rate 3 years after midline laparotomy
Authors: Fink C , Baumann P , Wente M N , Knebel P , Bruckner T , Ulrich A , Werner J , Büchler M W , Diener M K 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Incisional hernia is the most frequent long-term complication after visceral surgery, with an incidence of between 9 and 20 per cent 1 year after operation. Most controlled studies provide only short-term follow-up, and the actual incidence remains unclear. This study evaluated the incidence of incisional hernia up to 3 years after midline laparotomy in two prospective trials.

Methods
Three-year follow-up data from the ISSAAC (prospective, multicentre, historically controlled) and INSECT (randomized, controlled, multicentre) trials focused on the rate of incisional hernia 1 and 3 years after surgery. Differences between the two groups were compared using t tests for continuous data and the χ2 test for categorical data.

Results
Analysis of 775 patients included in the two trials suggested that the incisional hernia rate increased significantly from 12·6 per cent at 1 year to 22·4 per cent 3 years after surgery (P &lt; 0.001), a relative increase of more than 60 per cent.

Conclusion
This follow-up of two trials demonstrated that 1 year of clinical follow-up for detection of incisional hernia is not sufficient; follow-up for at least 3 years should be mandatory in any study evaluating the rate of postoperative incisional hernia after midline laparotomy.
Lung volume reduction surgery in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A case report
Authors: de Laffolie Jan , Hirschburger Markus , Bauer Jürgen , Berthold Lars D. , Faas Dirk , Heckmann Matthias 
Published: November 2013

Key Clinical MessageA preterm infant at the age of 9 months with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and large lobar emphysema, compromising ventilation into adjacent lobes with respiratory failure under maximal conservative treatment and pulmonary arterial hypertension recovered initially well after bilateral lung volume reduction surgery, but progressed 2 years later into respiratory failure. The initial imaging with Magnetic‐Resonance‐Imaging (MRI)‐Angiography and decision‐making was difficult and interdisciplinary treatment was essential.
Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy Study of the Pt/Phosphoric‐Acid‐Imbibed Membrane Interface under Polarization
Authors: Doh Won H. , Gregoratti Luca , Amati Matteo , Zafeiratos Spyridon , Law Yeuk T. , Neophytides Stylianos G. , Orfanidi Alin , Kiskinova Maya , Savinova Elena R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA model membrane‐electrode assembly of a high‐temperature polymer‐exchange membrane fuel cell based on a phosphoric‐acid‐imbibed membrane is studied under polarization by using scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM). The ability of SPEM to simultaneously probe the morphology, surface composition, and chemical state of cell constituents provides essential information on processes relevant to fuel cells. Despite the low ambient pressure of 1×10−5 mbar, by utilizing a dynamic high‐pressure system, it is possible to monitor the Pt‐catalyzed reduction of phosphoric acid with hydrogen and unveil the long‐disputed nature of the ensuing products.
Reinvestigation of Electric Field‐Induced Optical Activity in α‐Quartz: Application of a Polarimeter With Four Photoelastic Modulators
Authors: Gupta Arnab Sen , Arteaga Oriol , Haislmaier Ryan , Kahr Bart , Gopalan Venkatraman 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTLinear electrogyration (electric field‐induced optical activity) and electro‐optic effects in x‐cut and z‐cut right‐handed (RH) α‐quartz were measured using a complete Mueller matrix polarimeter. The polarimeter used in the analysis was equipped with four photoelastic modulators operating at different frequencies. This configuration is especially sensitive due to the fidelity of the modulators and the fact that all the Mueller matrix elements can be delivered without any moving optical elements. The linear electrogyration coefficient γ11 as a function of the wavelength of incident light was remeasured. The coefficient γ33, required by symmetry to be zero, was evaluated as a control. γ11 was much smaller than values obtained previously using devices dependent on mechanical light modulation. Electrogyration measurements have often been confounded by the much larger linear electro‐optic effect. The Mueller calculus used herein is well suited to the separation of the competing changes to the polarization state of light. Quadratic electrogyration associated with elements β11 and β33 was not detectable. Chirality 26:430–433, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.