bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans Bloodstream Infection in Elderly Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Raghuraman Kausalya , Ahmed Nishat H , Baruah Frincy K , Grover Rajesh K 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a nonfermentative Gram-negative organism, known to cause opportunistic infection in humans. We report a case of septicemia in a 76-year-old male patient with underlying hepatocellular carcinoma due to A. xylosoxidans, which showed a different antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from what is usually reported. From aerobic blood culture of the patient, A. xylosoxidans was isolated which was found to be sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone-sulbactam, meropenem, minocycline, tigecycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The patient recovered with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment, which was given empirically to the patient. The present case highlights the possible role of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for treatment of bloodstream infection with A. xylosoxidans.
Perinatal Autopsy Findings in a Case of De Novo Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Chikkannaiah Panduranga , Nagaraju Smitha , Kangle Rajit , Gosavi Mansi 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTEctodermal dysplasia are group of inherited disorders involving the developmental defects of ectodermal structures like hair, teeth, nails, sweat glands, and others. X-linked recessive inheritance is most common. Here we describe perinatal autopsy findings in a case of de novo ectodermal dysplasia in a female fetus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fetal autopsy description in a case of ectodermal dysplasia.
Trade between Kashmir and Central Asia via Traditional Corridors of Ladakh
Authors: Sheikh Ab. Hamid 
Published: August 2015

<p>Kashmir valley with great geo-strategic significance, was an economic hub, connecting Indian sub-continent with Central Asia and rest of the world, since ancient times. However, this exchanging center lost it relevance with the Partition of Indian sub-continent in 1947, ‘Greater Jammu &amp; Kashmir’ was divided into Azad Jammu Kashmir administered by Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir Administered by India and the State moved from main to margin as all the routes were closed for trade and traffic including Zojila Pass. Indian Administer Kashmir (J&amp;K) became wholly and solely dependent on Jawahar Tunnel for import and export. The people of J&amp;K still remain behind curtain for number of days due to climatic hazards, communal and political tension, in the age of globalization, modernization and regional integration. The author attempted to put forth historical significance and arguments for reviving traditional corridors via Ladakh on sound basis rather than making revival of ancient trade outlets subservient to peace and drug mafia. </p>
A Mad Art, My Masters:
Authors: Geddes Louise 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Recently, critics have approached the cultural appropriation of “not-Shakespearean texts, arguing that the Jacobean revivals of the 1980s and 1990s “are as conservative as their Shakespearean counterparts” (Aebischer 282), due to their emphasis on historical continuity and coherence. However, the drama produced in the 1970s and 1980s asserted a new theatrical aesthetic that demands that the audience recognize its own complicity in perpetuating the myth of historical continuum through the stylistic assertion of disunity. Instead of employing a ‘usable history,’ the playwrights of this era created a ‘usable culture’ that used literature as historicity in order to highlight the inefficiency of both as a means of mediating the present. Barrie Keeffe's play, A Mad World My Masters, under the guise of Jacobean nostalgia, confronts the implications of the emergent Conservative cultural dictate that assumes governmental responsibility for defining and maintaining “the good standards and best things” (Thatcher) of postwar England—a missive that repeatedly conflated the form of outrage with the “good” art that should contain such protest. Keeffe challenges the audience's cultural expectations by putting the worst of Thatcher's “scroungers” onstage and demands that the audience recognized its complicity in the emergent fraudulent meritocracy that characterized political reform.
Filming Shakespeare's Rome:
Authors: Flaherty Jennifer 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Despite dramatically different approaches to mise-en-scène, Julie Taymor's Titus (1999) and Ralph Fiennes's Coriolanus (2011) both use Rome in a way reminiscent of what Susan Bennett and Pascale Aebischer term the ‘contemporary Jacobean.’ The films locate the violence, pain, and politics of the Shakespearean texts simultaneously in an ancient past and a vaguely timeless present, creating a preposterous contemporary Rome. In Taymor's Titus, even scenes filmed off-location are designed to play to audiences’ preconceived notions of Rome through references to history, literature, and pop culture. While the production is site-specific, the time period is both universal and conflated; every historical or fictional Rome seems to exist in the same moment in the film. Fiennes establishes a Rome that is more time-specific by making costumes and setting distinctly contemporary, but the site of the Roman setting becomes universal, suggesting that the Rome of Shakespeare's Coriolanus can be anywhere and everywhere. The disordered Romes presented by Taymor and Fiennes suggest that Shakespeare can be understood through a reading of contemporary warfare, and contemporary civil strife can be understood and even predicted through Shakespeare's Rome. This cyclical reading of human brutality establishes both films as nostalgic readings of Shakespearean texts.
Transoral Robotic Surgery in Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Helman Samuel N. , Schwedhelm Thomas , Kadakia Sameep , Wang Yanhua , Schiff Bradley A. , Smith Richard V. 
Published: August 2015

Context
The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has increased during the past decade and is related primarily to the human papillomavirus. This change in etiology, from tobacco and alcohol to human papillomavirus, has resulted in improved survival for the disease. In the United States, open resection had largely been replaced by concurrent chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy by the early 2000s. The advent of transoral surgery has led to an increase in surgery as the primary treatment for both early- and advanced-stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma because it has potential advantages over open surgery and nonsurgical modalities.

Objective
To provide an overview of transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and contrast it with other surgical and nonsurgical modalities.

Data Sources
Articles from 2000 to 2014 were accessioned on PubMed and reviewed for utility by the primary authors.

Conclusions
Transoral surgery has become more commonly used as a minimally invasive approach to treat oropharyngeal tumors. Other strategies, including radiation, chemotherapy with radiation, and open surgery, are still important treatment approaches. The treatment options for an individual patient rely on multiple factors, including the tumor location and size, features of the tumor, and patient comorbidities. The continued study of these techniques is important to match the patient with the most appropriate treatment.
New Markers for Separating Benign From Malignant Mesothelial Proliferations: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Churg Andrew , Sheffield Brandon S. , Galateau-Salle Francoise 
Published: August 2015

The separation of benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations is crucial to patient care but is frequently morphologically difficult.Context.—To briefly review adjunctive tests claimed to be useful in this setting and to examine in detail 2 new tests: p16 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) immunohistochemistry.Objective.—Literature review with emphasis on p16 FISH and BAP1 immunohistochemistry.Design.—Glucose transporter-1, p53, insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA–binding protein 3 (IMP-3), desmin, and epithelial membrane antigen have all been claimed to mark either benign or malignant mesothelial processes, but in practice they at best provide statistical differences in large series of cases, without being useful in an individual case. Homozygous deletion of p16 by FISH or loss of BAP1 has only been reported in malignant mesotheliomas and not in benign mesothelial proliferations. BAP1 appears to be lost more frequently in epithelial than mixed or sarcomatous mesotheliomas. Homozygous deletion of p16 by FISH is seen in pleural epithelial, mixed, and sarcomatous mesotheliomas, but it is much less frequent in peritoneal mesothelioma. The major drawback to both these tests is limited sensitivity; moreover, failure to find p16 deletion or BAP1 loss does not make a mesothelial process benign.Results.—In the context of a mesothelial proliferation, the finding of homozygous deletion of p16 by FISH or loss of BAP1 by immunohistochemistry is, thus far, 100% specific for malignant mesothelioma. The limited sensitivity of each test may be improved to some extent by running both tests.Conclusions.—
In Vivo Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Two Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Simonson Oscar E. , Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Heldring Nina , Bassi Giulio , Johansson Henrik J. , Dalén Magnus , Jitschin Regina , Rodin Sergey , Corbascio Matthias , El Andaloussi Samir , Wiklander Oscar P.B. , Nordin Joel Z. , Skog Johan , Romain Charlotte , Koestler Tina , Hellgren-Johansson Laila , Schiller Petter , Joachimsson Per-Olof , Hägglund Hans , Mattsson Mattias , Lehtiö Janne , Faridani Omid R. , Sandberg Rickard , Korsgren Olle , Krampera Mauro , Weiss Daniel J. , Grinnemo Karl-Henrik , Le Blanc Katarina 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been investigated as a treatment for various inflammatory diseases because of their immunomodulatory and reparative properties. However, many basic questions concerning their mechanisms of action after systemic infusion remain unanswered. We performed a detailed analysis of the immunomodulatory properties and proteomic profile of MSCs systemically administered to two patients with severe refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on a compassionate use basis and attempted to correlate these with in vivo anti-inflammatory actions. Both patients received 2 × 106 cells per kilogram, and each subsequently improved with resolution of respiratory, hemodynamic, and multiorgan failure. In parallel, a decrease was seen in multiple pulmonary and systemic markers of inflammation, including epithelial apoptosis, alveolar-capillary fluid leakage, and proinflammatory cytokines, microRNAs, and chemokines. In vitro studies of the MSCs demonstrated a broad anti-inflammatory capacity, including suppression of T-cell responses and induction of regulatory phenotypes in T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. Some of these in vitro potency assessments correlated with, and were relevant to, the observed in vivo actions. These experiences highlight both the mechanistic information that can be gained from clinical experience and the value of correlating in vitro potency assessments with clinical effects. The findings also suggest, but do not prove, a beneficial effect of lung protective strategies using adoptively transferred MSCs in ARDS. Appropriate randomized clinical trials are required to further assess any potential clinical efficacy and investigate the effects on in vivo inflammation.

Significance
This article describes the cases of two patients with severe refractory adult respiratory syndrome (ARDS) who failed to improve after both standard life support measures, including mechanical ventilation, and additional measures, including extracorporeal ventilation (i.e., in a heart-lung machine). Unlike acute forms of ARDS (such in the current NIH-sponsored study of mesenchymal stromal cells in ARDS), recovery does not generally occur in such patients.
2005 Donor Eligibility Requirements: Unintended Consequences for Stem Cell Development
Authors: Couture Larry A. , Carpenter Melissa K. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Summary
Several human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cell therapeutics have entered clinical testing and more are in various stages of preclinical development. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates these products under existing regulations and has stated that these products do not constitute a new class of biologic. However, as human tissue, hESCs are subject to regulations that were developed before hESCs were first described. The regulations have not been revised since 2005, well before the first hESC-derived product entered clinical studies. The current regulations require donors of hESCs to be tested in the same manner as donors of tissues intended for transplantation. However, because hESC-derived cell products are more than minimally manipulated, they are also subject to the same end-of-production release testing as most other biologic agents. In effect, this makes hESC products subject to redundant testing. No other biologic is subject to a similar testing requirement. Furthermore, the regulations that require donor testing are specifically applicable to hESC cells harvested from donors after a date in 2005. It is unclear which regulations cover hESCs harvested before 2005. Ambiguity in the guidelines and redundant testing requirements have unintentionally created a burdensome regulatory paradigm for these products and reluctance on the part of developers to invest in these promising therapeutics. We propose a simple solution that would address FDA safety concerns, eliminate regulatory uncertainty and risk, and provide flexibility for the FDA in the regulation of hESC-derived cell therapies.

Significance
Regulatory ambiguity concerning donor eligibility screening and testing requirements for human embryonic stem cell lines, in particular those lines created before 2005, are causing significant concern for drug developers. Technically, most of these lines fail to meet eligibility under U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rules for product licensure, and many developers are unaware that FDA approval to begin trials under an exemption is not an assurance that the FDA will grant licensure of the product. This Perspective outlines the ambiguity and the problem it has caused and proposes a workable solution. The intent is to generate stakeholder and FDA discussion on this issue.
Seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle near the Perm Anomaly
Authors: Long Maureen D. , Lynner Colton 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe lower mantle is dominated by two large structures with anomalously low shear wave velocities, known as Large Low‐Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs). Several studies have documented evidence for strong seismic anisotropy at the base of the mantle near the edges of the African LLSVP. Recent work has identified a smaller structure with similar low‐shear wave velocities beneath Eurasia, dubbed the Perm Anomaly. Here we probe lowermost mantle anisotropy near the Perm Anomaly using the differential splitting of SKS and SKKS phases measured at stations in Europe. We find evidence for lowermost mantle anisotropy in the vicinity of the Perm Anomaly, with geographic trends hinting at lateral variations in anisotropy across the boundaries of the Perm Anomaly as well as across a previously unsampled portion of the African LLSVP border. Our observations suggest that deformation is concentrated at the boundaries of both the Perm Anomaly and the African LLSVP.
Late Cretaceous back‐arc extension and arc system evolution in the Gangdese area, southern Tibet: Geochronological, petrological, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐O isotopic evidence from Dagze diabases
Authors: Ma Lin , Wang Qiang , Wyman Derek A. , Jiang Zi‐Qi , Wu Fu‐Yuan , Li Xian‐Hua , Yang Jin‐Hui , Gou Guo‐Ning , Guo Hai‐Feng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBack‐arc extension and asthenosphere upwelling associated with oceanic lithospheric subduction affect the structure and thermal regime of the arc lithosphere, which often triggers widespread extension‐related mafic magmatism. Although it is commonly accepted that the Neo‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere subducted beneath the southern Lhasa block, resulting in the well‐known Late Mesozoic Gangdese magmatic arc, the possible role of contemporary back‐arc extension and asthenosphere upwelling has been disputed due to a lack of evidence for extension‐related mafic magmatism. Here, we report detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐O isotopic data for the Dagze diabases located in the north of the Gangdese district, southern Lhasa block. The zircon U‐Pb analyses indicate that they were generated in the Late Cretaceous (ca. 92 Ma) instead of the Eocene (42–38 Ma) as previously believed. These mafic rocks are characterized by variable MgO (4.0–12.2 wt %) and Mg# (42 to 71) values combined with flat to slightly enriched ([La/Yb]N = 1.87–5.23) light rare earth elements (REEs) and relative flat heavy REEs ([Gd/Yb]N = 1.36–1.87) with negative Ta, Nb, and Ti anomalies (e.g., [Nb/La]PM = 0.16–0.51). They also have slightly variable εNd(t) (−1.25 to +4.71) and low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7045–0.7058) values with strong positive igneous zircon εHf(t) (+8.0 to +12.1) and low δ18O (5.31–6.12‰) values. The estimated primary melt compositions are similar to peridotite‐derived experimental melts. Given their high melting temperature (1332 to 1372°C) and hybrid geochemical characteristics, we propose that the Dagze mafic magmas likely represent mixtures of asthenospheric and enriched lithospheric mantle‐derived melts that underwent minor crustal assimilation and fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene. Taking into account the spatial and temporal distribution of Mesozoic mafic‐felsic magmatic rocks and regional paleomagnetic and basin data, we suggest that the Dagze mafic rocks resulted from asthenospheric upwelling associated with intracontinental back‐arc extension during the rollback of subducted Tethyan oceanic lithosphere in the Late Cretaceous.
A rapid estimation of near‐field tsunami runup
Authors: Riquelme Sebastián , Fuentes Mauricio , Hayes Gavin P. , Campos Jaime 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMany efforts have been made to quickly estimate the maximum runup height of tsunamis associated with large earthquakes. This is a difficult task because of the time it takes to construct an accurate tsunami model using real‐time data from the source. It is possible to construct a database of potential seismic sources and their corresponding tsunami a priori. However, such models are generally based on uniform slip distributions and thus oversimplify the knowledge of the earthquake source. Here we show how to predict tsunami runup from any seismic source model using an analytic solution that is specifically designed for subduction zones with a well‐defined geometry, i.e., Chile, Japan, Nicaragua, and Alaska. The main idea of this work is to provide a tool for emergency response, trading off accuracy for speed. The solutions we present for large earthquakes appear promising. Here runup models are computed for the following: the 1992Mw 7.7 Nicaragua earthquake, the 2001Mw 8.4 Perú earthquake, the 2003Mw 8.3 Hokkaido earthquake, the 2007Mw 8.1 Perú earthquake, the 2010Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, the 2011Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake, and the recent 2014Mw 8.2 Iquique earthquake. The maximum runup estimations are consistent with measurements made inland after each event, with a peak of 9 m for Nicaragua, 8 m for Perú (2001), 32 m for Maule, 41 m for Tohoku, and 4.1 m for Iquique. Considering recent advances made in the analysis of real‐time GPS data and the ability to rapidly resolve the finiteness of a large earthquake close to existing GPS networks, it will be possible in the near future to perform these calculations within the first minutes after the occurrence of similar events. Thus, such calculations will provide faster runup information than is available from existing uniform‐slip seismic source databases or past events of premodeled seismic sources.
Trajectory modeling of modern dust transport to the Southern Ocean and Antarctica
Authors: Neff Peter D. , Bertler Nancy A. N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAerosol deposition over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica has the potential to alter marine productivity and thus ocean carbon uptake while also impacting radiative balance due to scattering and absorption from atmospheric particulates. Quantification of modern emission, transport, and deposition of terrestrial dust and other airborne material from Southern Hemisphere sources is challenging due to low emission levels and poor detection from remote sensing platforms. Here forward trajectory modeling is used to explore atmospheric transport, independent of deposition processes, from 1979 to 2013. Trajectories are initiated from known arid dust source areas in South America (Patagonia), Australia, and southern Africa, with detailed consideration of New Zealand as a potential source. Results suggest that Patagonian and New Zealand dust and other aerosol emissions share strong atmospheric transport during all seasons, allowing even potentially small New Zealand emissions to contribute significantly to Southern Ocean and Antarctic aerosol loading. We find that atmospheric transport controlling distribution of dust and other aerosols shows distinct spatial variability. New Zealand and Patagonia rapidly contribute a high proportion of trajectories to West Antarctica, while in interior East Antarctica, source contributions are limited and highly mixed. The sensitivity of existing deep ice core sites to modern atmospheric transport is discussed. Finally, interannual variability of poleward trajectory extension over the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean highlights the association of both tropical Pacific sea‐surface temperature and high‐latitude wind variability (e.g., the Southern Annular Mode) with transport of dust and other aerosols to the Southern Ocean and Antarctica.
Predicting long‐term and short‐term tidal flat morphodynamics using a dynamic equilibrium theory
Authors: Hu Zhan , Wang Zheng Bing , Zitman Tjerk J. , Stive Marcel J. F. , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDynamic equilibrium theory is a fruitful concept, which we use to systematically explain the tidal flat morphodynamic response to tidal currents, wind waves, sediment supply, and other sedimentological drivers. This theory stems from a simple analytical model that derives the tide‐ or wave‐dominated tidal flat morphology by assuming that morphological equilibrium is associated with uniform bed shear stress distribution. Many studies based on observation and process‐based modeling tend to agree with this analytical model. However, a uniform bed shear stress rarely exists on actual or modeled tidal flats, and the analytical model cannot handle the spatially and temporally varying bed shear stress. In the present study, we develop a model based on the dynamic equilibrium theory and its core assumption. Different from the static analytical model, our model explicitly accounts for the spatiotemporal bed shear stress variations for tidal flat dynamic prediction. To test our model and the embedded theory, we apply the model for both long‐term and short‐term morphological predictions. The long‐term modeling is evaluated qualitatively against previous process‐based modeling. The short‐term modeling is evaluated quantitatively against high‐resolution bed‐level monitoring data obtained from a tidal flat in Netherlands. The model results show good performances in both qualitative and quantitative tests, indicating the validity of the dynamic equilibrium theory. Thus, this model provides a valuable tool to enhance our understanding of the tidal flat morphodynamics and to apply the dynamic equilibrium theory for realistic morphological predictions.