bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nitrogen content on the structure and superconductivity of reactive sputtered NbTiN thin films
Authors: Zhang L , Zhong Y L , Xie J J , Jin H , Zhao W B , Peng W , Chen L , Wang Z 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this research, we have studied the structural and electrical properties of NbTiN films deposited on MgO and SiO2/Si substrates by reactive dc sputtering. The formation of stoichiometric NbTiN is very sensitive to N concentration and can be easily adjusted by changing the discharge current and Ar: N2 ratio along the current–voltage curves (IVCs) of the NbTi target. Excessive or insufficient N concentration in NbTiN leads to sublattice expansion or distortion, resulting in a decrease in critical temperature T
c. At Ar: N2 ratio of 30:4 and discharge current of 2.2 A, T
c as high as 15.8 K and 15.3 K has been obtained for 200 nm thick NbTiN/MgO and NbTiN/SiO2/Si samples, respectively. In addition, the critical density J
c of the 4 μm-wide and 7 nm-thick NbTiN film grown on MgO substrate at 2 K reaches 19.2 MA cm−2, which is approximately twice as high as the 10.9 MA cm−2 of the same-sized NbTiN film grown on SiO2/Si substrate. Therefore, by further fine-tuning the N concentration in combination with the IVCs of the target, high-quality stoichiometric NbTiN can be obtained.
Telescope imaging beyond the Rayleigh limit in extremely low SNR
Authors: Choi Hyunsoo , Choi Seungman , Menart Peter , Deka Angshuman , Jacob Zubin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Rayleigh limit and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenarios pose significant limitations to optical imaging systems used in remote sensing, infrared thermal imaging, and space domain awareness. In this study, we introduce a stochastic sub-Rayleigh imaging (SSRI) algorithm to localize point objects and estimate their positions, brightnesses, and number in low SNR conditions, even below the Rayleigh limit. Our algorithm adopts a maximum likelihood approach and exploits the Poisson distribution of incoming photons to overcome the Rayleigh limit in low SNR conditions. In our experimental validation, which closely mirrors practical scenarios, we focus on conditions with closely spaced sources within the sub-Rayleigh limit (0.49–1.00 R) and weak signals (SNR less than 1.2). We use the Jaccard index and Jaccard efficiency as a figure of merit to quantify imaging performance in the sub-Rayleigh region. Our approach consistently outperforms established algorithms such as Richardson–Lucy and CLEAN by 4X in the low SNR, sub-Rayleigh regime. Our SSRI algorithm allows existing telescope-based optical/infrared imaging systems to overcome the extreme limit of sub-Rayleigh, low SNR source distributions, potentially impacting a wide range of fields, including passive thermal imaging, remote sensing, and space domain awareness.
Integrability and multiple kinks, lumps, and breathers solutions to an extended (3+1)-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff fluid model
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid , Alhejaili Weaam , El-Tantawy Samir A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on analyzing a newly constructed extended (3+1)-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (CBS) fluid model. The Painlevé test is employed to verify the integrability of this newly extended model. We demonstrate that the inclusion of additional terms does not kill the integrability of the standard model. Hirota’s bilinear approach is employed to formally determine multiple soliton \kink solutions. In addition, we rigorously investigate the particular conditions of the parameters to provide lump solutions. In contrast to lump solutions, we obtain breather wave solutions without any requirement for constraints on the used parameters. Various techniques, including the family of tanh and tan procedures, are used to derive different traveling wave solutions with differing physical structures. The obtained solutions are examined and numerically discussed for several arbitrary functions.
Observation of the quantum Zeno effect on a NISQ device
Authors: Alessandrini Andrea , Ciaramelletti Carola , Paganelli Simone 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the Quantum Zeno Effect (QZE) on a single qubit on IBM Quantum Experience devices under the effect of multiple measurements. We consider two possible cases: the Rabi evolution and the free decay. SPAM error mitigations have also been applied. In both cases we observe the occurrence of the QZE as an increasing of the survival probability with the number of measurements.
Dual-wavelength superscattering in plasmonic core-shell nanostructures for transparent structural color
Authors: Yan Rujiang , Li Yan , Yu Qunxing , Zhong Facheng , Chu Bo , Yang Tian , Huang Zhong , Shao Li , Li Yonggang , Yu Zhanjun , Du Yinxiao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Structural coloration generates some of the most vibrant colors in nature and has numerous applications. Inspired by the recently reported transparent displays relying on wavelength-selective scattering, we address the novel problem of transparent structural color, which requires nanoparticles to have a narrow-band and broad-angle scattering response. Although superscattering beyond the single-channel limit has important prospects for enhancing transparent displays, it has not yet been reported. Here, we propose a simple dielectric-gold core–shell nanoparticle capable of superscattering at blue (λ = 450 nm) and green (λ = 532 nm) wavelengths, along with a dipolar surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at the red wavelength (λ = 640 nm), making it suitable for full-color transparent displays. We demonstrate that the superscattering at λ = 450 nm arises from the overlap of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) dipolar and quadrupolar modes. Furthermore, the coupling of conventional quadrupolar and dipolar modes can also enhance the scattering efficiency at λ = 532 nm, breaking the single-channel limit. Lastly, we show that the optimized nanoparticles can confine the scattering light within the forward hemisphere at λ = 450 nm and 532 nm, due to the interaction of quadrupolar and dipolar modes. Additionally, they exhibit dipole far-field radiation characteristics at λ = 640 nm with a wide angular beamwidth > 60°. The simple structural nature and unique scattering properties of proposed dielectric-gold core–shell nanoparticles hold promise applications in full-color transparent displays, spectroscopy, and biomedical imaging.
Envisaging quantum capacitance in modified germanene: a first principle investigation
Authors: Khan Md Shahzad , Khan Z R , Alshammari Abdullah S , Bouzidi M , Ahmad Nafis , Mohamed Mansour 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with enhanced quantum capacitance have been in high demand over the past few years due to super capacitors application. A number of 2D nanosheet, including MoS2, arsenene, antimonene, and germanene, have also been explored for the same reason. The present investigation aims to explore modified germanene such as monovacant germanene/divacant germanene(MVG/DVG) and their derivatives, such as Ns substituted MVG/DVG and transition metal incorporated MVG. It is observed that 1N-MVG/3N-MVG shows the characteristics of a p-type semiconductor, while 3N-MVG/4N-DVG is considered as semiconductor. A robust binding of under-coordinated Ge to transition metals (TMs) at MVG surfaces suggests such functionalization can be accomplished. Except Ti and Co other studied TMs-MVG show metallic nature. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is an asymmetric CQ dispersion in 1N-MVG, 2N-MVG, 3N-MVG, and 4N-DVG, as opposed to the pristine germanene/MVG/DVG. Additionally, it is predicted that TMs such as Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co incorporated MVG can provide high quantum capacitance (CQ). Enormous amount of CQ is noticed for 3N-MVG with maximum of 726 μF cm−2 in the positive biased region. Among TM-MVG, V-MVG and Mn-MVG are well suited to serve as anodes for asymmetric super capacitors due to their CQ peak of 978 μF cm−2 and 1180 μF cm−2, respectively, in negative bias region.
Influence of HfO2 oxide layer on crystallization properties of In3SbTe2 phase change material
Authors: Pathak Anushmita , Pandey Shivendra Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phase Change Memory (PCM) represents a potential paradigm in the realm of non-volatile memory technologies, and several phase change materials are studied for utilization in PCM devices. This work employs a less explored In3SbTe2 (IST) phase change material (active layer) integrated with an oxide (HfO2) layer and investigates the influence of the oxide layer on the active layer. The oxide layer remains amorphous when annealed at 400 °C, and it doesn’t alter the crystallization temperature (290 °C) of the active layer in IST with HfO2 thin-film. However, after crystallization, the grain size of the active layer is reduced to ∼8.23 nm in IST with HfO2 thin-film, compared to only IST thin-film. XPS core-level spectra (In 3d, Sb 3d, Te 3d) of IST active layer reveal the peak shifting towards higher binding energy at 300 °C and 400 °C annealed films, implying bond energy increase with crystallization and film stability improves. The Hf or O atoms of the oxide layer don’t diffuse into the active layer with annealing, suggesting no interference with the phase switching property of IST. A higher optical bandgap of 1.154 eV in as-deposited IST with HfO2 thin-film compared to the only IST thin-film illustrates better stability of the amorphous state in the film with the oxide layer. In addition, the fabricated PCM device using the IST with the oxide layer demonstrates phase switching at a lower threshold voltage of (2.1 ± 0.1) V, compared to the IST-based device. The findings indicate that the enhanced structural and electrical switching characteristics of IST phase change layer coupled with an oxide layer make it beneficial for data storage PCM applications.
In-situ deposited anti-aging TiN capping layer for Nb superconducting quantum circuits
Authors: Tao 陶 Hao-Ran 浩然 , Du 杜 Lei 磊 , Guo 郭 Liang-Liang 亮亮 , Chen 陈 Yong 勇 , Zhang 张 Hai-Feng 海峰 , Yang 杨 Xiao-Yan 小燕 , Xu 徐 Guo-Liang 国良 , Zhang 张 Chi 驰 , Jia 贾 Zhi-Long 志龙 , Duan 段 Peng 鹏 , Guo 郭 Guo-Ping 国平 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The performance of Nb superconducting quantum devices is predominantly limited by dielectric loss at the metal–air interface, where Nb2O5 is considered the main loss source. Here, we suppress the formation of native oxides by in-situ deposition of a TiN capping layer on the Nb film. With TiN capping layers, no Nb2O5 forms on the surface of the Nb film. The quality factor Q
i of the Nb resonator increases from 5.6 × 105 to 7.9 × 105 at low input power and from 6.8 × 106 to 1.1 × 107 at high input power. Furthermore, the TiN capping layer also shows good aging resistance in Nb resonator devices, with no significant performance fluctuations after one month of aging. These findings highlight the effectiveness of TiN capping layers in enhancing the performance and longevity of Nb superconducting quantum devices.
BIDSAlign: a library for automatic merging and preprocessing of multiple EEG repositories
Authors: Zanola Andrea , Del Pup Federico , Porcaro Camillo , Atzori Manfredo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study aims to address the challenges associated with data-driven electroencephalography (EEG) data analysis by introducing a standardised library called BIDSAlign. This library efficiently processes and merges heterogeneous EEG datasets from different sources into a common standard template. The goal of this work is to create an environment that allows to preprocess public datasets in order to provide data for the effective training of deep learning (DL) architectures. Approach. The library can handle both Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and non-BIDS datasets, allowing the user to easily preprocess multiple public datasets. It unifies the EEG recordings acquired with different settings by defining a common pipeline and a specified channel template. An array of visualisation functions is provided inside the library, together with a user-friendly graphical user interface to assist non-expert users throughout the workflow. Main results. BIDSAlign enables the effective use of public EEG datasets, providing valuable medical insights, even for non-experts in the field. Results from applying the library to datasets from OpenNeuro demonstrate its ability to extract significant medical knowledge through an end-to-end workflow, facilitating group analysis, visual comparison and statistical testing. Significance. BIDSAlign solves the lack of large EEG datasets by aligning multiple datasets to a standard template. This unlocks the potential of public EEG data for training DL models. It paves the way to promising contributions based on DL to clinical and non-clinical EEG research, offering insights that can inform neurological disease diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Plasma performance enhancement and impurity control using a novel technique of argon–hydrogen mixture fueled glow discharge wall conditioning in the ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Jadeja K.A. , Ghosh J. , Patel K.M. , Patel A.B. , Tanna R.L. , Patel Kiran , Arambhadiya B.G. , Galodiya K.D. , Kumar Rohit , Aich S. , Raj Harshita , Pradhan L. , Chowdhuri M.B. , Manchanda R. , Ramaiya N. , Yadava Nandini , Patel Sharvil , Shah Kajal , Modi Dipexa , Gauttam A. , Singh K. , Dolui S. , Kumar Ankit , Hegde B. , Kumawat A. , Shah Minsha , Rajpal R. , Nagora U. , Atrey P.K. , Pathak S.K. , Purohit Shishir , Adhiya A. , Kumar Manoj , Assudani Kumudni , Kumavat D. , Jha S.K. , Shah K.S. , Makwana M.N. , Gupta Shivam , Nair Supriya , Mishra Kishore , Raju D. , Chattopadhyay P.K. , Kataria B.R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Effective control of impurities and precise regulation of the fueling gas are supreme prerequisites for optimal operation in any fusion device. Conventional wall-conditioning methods fall short of achieving optimal wall conditioning. Conventional wall-conditioning methods, such as vessel baking and H2/(D2)-fueled glow discharge cleaning (GDC), are generally required to remove wall-absorbed impurities in bulk after vessel venting. The excess amount of hydrogen, injected during H2 GDC, can be reduced by helium (He)-fueled GDC. However, He removal from the vessel is more challenging due to its low molecular mass, very low condensation temperature, and inert characteristics. In ADITYA-U, optimal wall conditioning cannot be achieved using H2 followed by He-fueled GDC when applied for extended periods spanning hours or days. A GDC with a mixture of argon and hydrogen (Ar–H2) is introduced in the ADITYA-U tokamak to obtain better wall conditioning than H2 followed by He GDC. In Ar–H2 GDC, long-lived ArH+ ions are formed in sufficient numbers and accelerated toward the vessel wall with high momentum. This results in the breaking of high energy bonds of impurities with the wall/plasma facing components, which is not possible by H+, H2
+, H3
+ ions in H2 GDC due to their lower momentum. An optimal blend ratio of Ar to H2 is established at 15%–20% for the mixture. This composition ensures that the introduction of high-Z Ar does not adversely affect tokamak plasma operations. The C- and O-containing impurities are reduced beyond the limit of the prolonged operation of H2 GDC. Relative low pressures of dominant impurities such as CO, CH4, and H2O are obtained due to the Ar–H2 GDC compared to routinely operated H2 GDC. A comparison study of H2 GDC and the developed Ar–H2 GDC is performed in terms of wall conditioning and tokamak plasma operation. The encouraging results of the Ar–H2 GDC are obtained in both wall cleaning and tokamak operation scenarios in the midsize tokamak ADITYA-U. This development and application of Ar–H2 GDC are beneficial for large-sized fusion devices, leading to improved impurity reduction, reduced operational fuel consumption (H2/D2/He), and enhanced control over fuel recycling/extraction.
Growth, poverty trap and escape
Authors: Bose Indrani 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The well-known Solow growth model is the workhorse model of the theory of economic growth, which studies capital accumulation in a model economy as a function of time with capital stock, labour and technology-based production as the basic ingredients. The capital is assumed to be in the form of manufacturing equipment and materials. Two important parameters of the model are: the saving fraction

s

of the output of a production function and the technology efficiency parameter

A

, appearing in the production function. The saved fraction of the output is fully invested in the generation of new capital and the rest is consumed. The capital stock also depreciates as a function of time due to the wearing out of old capital and the increase in the size of the labour population. We propose a stochastic Solow growth model assuming the saving fraction to be a sigmoidal function of the per capita capital

k

p

. We derive analytically the steady state probability distribution

P
(

k

p

)

and demonstrate the existence of a poverty trap, of central concern in development economics. In a parameter regime,

P
(

k

p

)

is bimodal with the twin peaks corresponding to states of poverty and well-being, respectively. The associated potential landscape has two valleys with fluctuation-driven transitions between them. The mean exit times from the valleys are computed and one finds that the escape from a poverty trap is more favourable at higher values of

A
.

We identify a critical value of

A

c

below (above) which the state of poverty (well-being) dominates and propose two early signatures of the regime shift occurring at

A

c

. The economic model, with conceptual foundations in nonlinear dynamics and statistical mechanics, shares universal features with dynamical models from diverse disciplines like ecology and cell biology.
Mesoporous silica thin film as effective coating for enhancing osteogenesis through selective protein adsorption and blood clotting
Authors: Li Zhe , Qin Bowen , Liu Huan , Du Shimin , Liu Yunxian , He Lixing , Xu Boya , Du Liangzhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The role of blood clots in tissue repair has been identified for a long time; however, its participation in the integration between implants and host tissues has attracted attention only in recent years. In this work, a mesoporous silica thin film (MSTF) with either vertical or parallel orientation was deposited on titania nanotubes surface, resulting in superhydrophilic nanoporous surfaces. A proteomic analysis of blood plasma adsorption revealed that the MSTF coating could significantly increase the abundance of acidic proteins and the adsorption of coagulation factors (XII and XI), with the help of cations (Na+, Ca2+) binding. As a result, both the activation of platelets and the formation of blood clots were significantly enhanced on the MSTF surface with more condensed fibrin networks. The two classical growth factors of platelets-derived growth factors-AB and transformed growth factors-β were enriched in blood clots from the MSTF surface, which accounted for robust osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrates that MSTF may be a promising coating to enhance osteogenesis by modulating blood clot formation.
Study on in vivo and in vitro degradation of polydioxanone weaving tracheal stents
Authors: Huang Haihua , Wang Yuchen , Zeng Jun , Ma Yanxue , Cui Zelin , Zhou Yongxin , Ruan Zheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The appropriate degradation characteristics of polydioxanone (PDO) are necessary for the safety and effectiveness of stents. This study aimed to investigate the degradation of PDO weaving tracheal stents (PW stents) in vitro and in vivo. The degradation solution of S. aureus (SAU), E. coli (ECO), P. aeruginosa (PAE), and control (N) were prepared, and the PW stents were immersed for 12 weeks. Then, the radial support force, weight retention, pH, molecular structure, thermal performance, and morphology were determined. Furthermore, the PW stents were implanted into the abdominal cavity of rabbits, and omentum was embedded. At feeding for 16 weeks, the mechanical properties, and morphology were measured. During the first 8 weeks, the radial support force in all groups was progressively decreased. At week 2, the decline rate of radial support force in the experimental groups was significantly faster compared to the N group, and the difference was narrowed thereafter. The infrared spectrum showed that during the whole degradation process, SAU, ECO and PAE solution did not lead to the formation of new functional groups in PW stents. In vitro scanning electron microscope observation showed that SAU and ECO were more likely to gather and multiply at the weaving points of the PW stents, forming colonies. In vivo experiments showed that the degradation in the concavity of weaving points of PW stents was more rapid and severe. The radial support loss rate reached more than 70% at week 4, and the radial support force was no longer measurable after week 8. In omentum, multinuclear giant cells and foreign giant cells were found to infiltrate. PW stents have good biocompatibility. The degradation rate of PW stents in the aseptic conditions in vivo was faster than in the bacteriological environment in vitro.
Cooperative food bank: a collective insurance regime to govern food insecurity and nitrogen pollution under risk
Authors: Liao Wenying , Vasconcelos Vítor V , Levin Simon A , Oppenheimer Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Risks, such as climate change, disease outbreak, geopolitical tension, may exacerbate food insecurity by negatively impacting crop yield. Additional agricultural nitrogen input may partly offset yield losses, with a corresponding increase in nitrogen pollution. The problems of food insecurity and nitrogen pollution are urgent and global but have not been addressed in an integrated fashion. Current efforts to combat food insecurity occur primarily through the United Nations’ World Food Program at the international level, and, at the local community level, through food banks. The international program to monitor and reduce global nitrogen pollution is in its early stage. Food provision and nitrogen pollution reduction from agriculture presents a dual challenge that requires an integrated solution. Here, we propose a cooperative food bank, where membership is a matter of choice and is not coerced. Membership requires participants to reduce nitrogen pollution in agriculture but creates a risk-buffering system, providing food compensation when participants are affected by risk factors. We delineate the structure of the cooperative food bank, its operation, from the short-term mobilization of resources to long-term capacity building. Lastly, we assess the feasibility of its implementation and highlight the potential major roadblocks to its implementation within the current socio-political context. The cooperative food bank showcases a novel solution that simultaneously tackles food insecurity and nitrogen pollution via governance. We hope this proposal will stimulate a research agenda and policy discussions focused on integrated approaches to effective governance regimes for linked socio-environmental problems.