bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing Mobility Barriers to Inclusion for People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Sherman Jean , Sherman Sarah 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMany disability advocates and professionals believe they will recognize community inclusion when they see it, yet “inclusion” is a nuanced subjective construct that may hold a somewhat different meaning for each person. A comparison of the disability movement and accessibility laws and policies reveals community inclusion to be an ideal repeatedly sought by individuals with disabilities and advocates alike. This article recounts national and international efforts toward inclusion and suggests some reasons why these have fallen short. Research has revealed that limited financial resources, inadequate social supports and transportation, and unwelcoming or negative reciprocal attitudes are important community barriers to inclusion. These barriers are significant to all individuals with disabilities but especially to persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). Regarding ID in the context of person–environment interactions, the authors suggest that other significant barriers to community inclusion may be found in the built environment and result from negative attitudes of the professionals responsible for its creation. Because the built environment plays a substantial role in community inclusion for individuals with ID, it is important to ensure the congruency of designers' attitudes with the philosophies that underlie accessible design and inclusion. The authors suggest that the negative attitudes of the creators of the built environment may be amenable to change through education. The authors highlight the need for an integrated and preventive interdisciplinary educational approach, particularly targeting design professionals, as one meaningful step toward creating truly inclusive and disability‐friendly communities.
Emotional and Tangible Reciprocity in Middle‐ and Older‐Aged Carers of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Perkins Elizabeth A. , Haley William E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractReciprocal benefits may exist in relationships between carers and their adult sons/daughters with intellectual disabilities, but the topic has not been widely studied. The present study investigated whether older carers of adult children with intellectual disabilities perceive emotional and tangible reciprocity in their relationships and the association between perceived reciprocity with quality of life. The authors surveyed 91 parental carers (aged 50+ years, mean = 60.8). Bivariate correlations and hierarchical regression analyses assessed the relationship between tangible and emotional reciprocity and carer quality of life variables (physical and mental health, depressive symptomatology, life satisfaction) and carers' desire for an alternative residential situation of their son/daughter. Overall, more tangible and emotional support was given than received from their adult children. However, despite varying levels of intellectual disability and functional impairments of their care recipient, carers did report receiving considerable support. Relative disadvantage (i.e., giving more than received) in tangible reciprocity was associated with increased depressive symptomatology and poorer mental health but also reduced desire for seeking an alternative residential situation for the person for whom they are caring. These relationships were attenuated after covariance analyses. Emotional reciprocity was not associated with any of the outcome measures. The results suggest that perceptions of reciprocity are relevant in caregiving for intellectual disability and may be an underappreciated asset in coping with caregiving.
A review of clinical manifestations in adolescent and young adults after use of synthetic cannabinoids
Authors: Brewer Tracy L. , Collins Margie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this review is to heighten the awareness of the increased use and risks of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) and associated clinical manifestations among adolescents and young adults.ConclusionsReviewed case studies suggest that the use of SCs have unpredictable negative psychological and physiological effects. Predominant manifestations reported were anxiety, agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, and diaphoresis.Practice ImplicationsNurses provide the most direct and supportive care to patients who present for medical treatment after the use of SCs. Knowledge of clinical manifestations can facilitate supportive management of patients suspected of SCs use.
Rapid evolution of an invasive weed
Authors: Turner Kathryn G. , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: December 2013

Summary

Trade‐offs between performance and the ability to tolerate abiotic and biotic stress have been suggested to explain both the success of invasive species and phenotypic differentiation between native and invasive populations. It is critical to sample broadly across both ranges and to account for latitudinal clines and maternal effects when testing this premise.

Wild‐collected Centaurea diffusa seeds were grown in benign and stressful conditions (drought, flooding, nutrient stress and simulated herbivory), to evaluate whether native and introduced individuals differ in performance or life history phenotypes. A second experiment used glasshouse‐grown seeds to evaluate whether patterns remain comparable when maternal environment is consistent.

Many traits differed between ranges, and in all cases but one, invasive individuals grew larger, performed better, or matured later. No trade‐off in performance with herbivore defense was evident. Invasive populations may have been released from a trade‐off between growth and drought tolerance apparent in the native range.

Larger individuals with delayed maturity and greater reproductive potential have evolved in invasive populations, a pattern evident across broad population sampling, and after latitude and maternal environment were considered. Release from abiotic stress tolerance trade‐offs may be important for the invasion success of Centaurea diffusa.
A juvenile turtle (Testudines, Eucryptodira) from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry, Oker, Northern Germany
Authors: Jansen Maren , Klein Nicole 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTurtles are frequently found in fluviatile to lagoonal and shallow marine sediments in the Upper Jurassic of Western Europe. These turtles usually show a mixture of basal and derived characters, but phylogenetic relationships are still largely unresolved. This is mainly due to the incompleteness of fossils and the lack of taxonomically unambiguous characters and is also related to the presence of different ontogenetic stages, which are not easy to compare. The morphological description of a new turtle from the Upper Jurassic of Langenberg Quarry (Oker, Lower Saxony, Germany) gives further insights into the ontogeny of basal eucryptodire turtles as well as into aquatic adaptation of Upper Jurassic turtles. The specimen is herein left in open nomenclature, due to the fact that it represents a juvenile individual. Several characters define the specimen as juvenile: its small size (7.28 cm carapace length); lateral carapacial fontanelles; enlarged vertebral scutes; a radial striation pattern covering the entire carapace; and the grade of ossification of preserved skull and limb elements. A clear aquatic adaptation of the individual is the elongated manus, a feature that is independent of ontogenetic age. The elongated manus may indicate a marine lifestyle and the individual possibly inhabited nearshore to offshore areas around the former Jurassic islands, which today form the Saxony Basin. The ossification pattern of the carapace of this eucryptodire turtle resembles that of known Jurassic paracryptodires and thus provides new insights to the ontogeny of Jurassic turtles.
Characterization of the Triplet State of Tanshinone IIA and its Reactivity by Laser Flash Photolysis
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Qin , Wang Mei , Zhu Rongrong , Sun Xiaoyu , Wu Xianzheng , Wang Shi‐Long 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has the properties of cardiovascular protection, anti‐inflammation, antioxidation and anticancer. Its light‐induced instability has drawn our interests in its photochemistry. Therefore, laser flash photolysis herein was used to investigate the transient photochemistry of Tan IIA. Our results show that direct photoexcitation by 355 nm laser pulses or photosensitization by energy transfer can lead to the formation of the triplet state of Tan IIA (3Tan IIA*). The triplet absorption spectrum and molar absorption coefficient, and ISC quantum yield were determined. Self‐quenching of 3Tan IIA* by its ground state was identified as an autooxidation reaction. 3Tan IIA* was proved to react quickly with N, N‐dimethylaniline, tert‐butylhydroquinone and propyl gallate via electron transfer with the diffusion‐controlled rate constants. One of the products with maximum absorption around 390 nm was assigned to the radical anion of Tan IIA. Our results indicate that 3Tan IIA* is a reactive transient species and can be generated by photosensitization or direct photoexcitation. According to our results, the possible role of Tan IIA as a photosensitizer to induce potential phototoxicity via Type‐II pathway in the presence of O2 can be predicted.
Modifiable risk factors in periodontal disease
Authors: Barros Silvana P. , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEpigenetics as a modifiable risk factor in periodontal diseases has been investigated in light of the current knowledge of how chronic infection and inflammation can affect gene‐specific epigenetic reprogramming in periodontal tissues. Epigenomic programming might be particularly sensitive to environmental influences, and a combination of physiological stressors and environmental exposures appears to affect the epigenomic program acquired by a cell during differentiation and throughout the cellular lineage lifespan. Viral and bacterial infections can establish several types of epigenetic modifications, which sometimes engage in a complex epigenetic crosstalk also reflecting in the establishment and progress of periodontal diseases. The inflammatory and metabolic states of the periodontal tissues are driven by the infectious stimuli, and the magnitude of the cellular and molecular signature response is further dictated by the host genetic and epigenetic traits associated with various systemic exposures, including smoking, obesity and diabetes/hyperglycemia. This review discusses the advances in epigenetics, focusing on the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and the potential of epigenetic therapy.
Modifiable risk factors in periodontitis: at the intersection of aging and disease
Authors: Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractChronic inflammation is a prominent feature of aging and of common age‐related diseases, including atherosclerosis, cancer and periodontitis. This volume examines modifiable risk factors for periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Oral bacterial communities and viral infections, particularly with cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses, elicit distinct immune responses and are central in the initiation of periodontal diseases. Risk of disease is dynamic and changes in response to complex interactions of genetic, environmental and stochastic factors over the lifespan. Many modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and excess caloric intake, contribute to increases in systemic markers of inflammation and can modify gene regulation through a variety of biologic mechanisms (e.g. epigenetic modifications). Periodontitis and other common chronic inflammatory diseases share multiple modifiable risk factors, such as tobacco smoking, psychological stress and depression, alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. Interventions that target modifiable risk factors have the potential to improve risk profiles for periodontitis as well as for other common chronic diseases.
Do Blood Pressure Levels and Other Patient Characteristics Influence Native Fistula Patency?
Authors: Irvinn Jeyna , Oldman Nicola , Sedgwick Philip , Chemla Eric 
Published: December 2013

AbstractArteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) play an important role in access for hemodialysis, yet premature thrombosis is a challenge. This study identifies factors influencing primary patency in a series of AVF creations. Postoperative systolic blood pressure (BP) was of principal interest; demographical information, comorbidities, smoking status, warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel, and statins were considered.A retrospective review of AVF creations performed by one surgeon between January 2008 and September 2010 was conducted. Fistula patency was denoted by a bruit and measured at 3 weeks and 12 months after surgery.One hundred and fifty‐one AVF creations were studied; 134 fistulas (88.7%) were patent at 3 weeks and 85 (56.3%) at 12 months. The odds ratio (OR) for thrombosis at 12 months was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.62; p = 0.008) among patients with a postoperative systolic BP of 120–139 mmHg compared with those with a BP of ≤119 mmHg. Patients taking warfarin yielded an OR of 5.71 at 3 weeks (95% CI: 1.20, 27.11; p = 0.028), and 3.33 at 12 months (95% CI: 1.01, 10.99; p = 0.048). No other variables were statistically significant.Patients with postoperative systolic BP of 120–139 mmHg showed a reduction in fistula thromboses compared with patients with a systolic BP of ≤119 mmHg. Patients on warfarin were less likely to maintain a patent fistula.
Outcomes of Single‐Stage Compared to Two‐Stage Basilic Vein Transposition Fistulae
Authors: Agarwal Amol , Mantell Mark , Cohen Raphael , Yan Yan , Trerotola Scott , Clark Timothy W 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBasilic vein transposition (BVT) fistulae are increasing in prevalence in the United States. We examined outcomes of BVT fistulae created in a single stage compared to those created in two stages. Prospective QA databases identified a consecutive cohort of 144 patients with BVT fistulae. Of these, 42% were created in one stage and 58% in two stages. Fistula maturation rates, mean time to fistula use and intensity of percutaneous interventions were compared; patency rates were compared from time of first intervention. Maturation rates (including assisted maturation) were 90% among 1‐stage and 75% among 2‐stage BVT (p = 0.02). Mean time to initiation of fistula use was 142 days (1‐stage) and 146 days (2‐stage) (p = 0.92). Intensity of percutaneous interventions was 1.84/patient‐year of dialysis (PYD) (1‐stage) and 2.15/PYD (2‐stage) (p = 0.57). Secondary patency at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years for 1‐stage BVT was 86%, 75%, 69%, and 57%; secondary patency at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years for 2‐stage BVT was 76%, 71%, 49%, and 25%, respectively (p = 0.12). BVT creation in two stages confers only a modest reduction in maturation rates and secondary patency and therefore should be considered over a synthetic graft in patients with basilic veins deemed inadequate for 1‐stage BVT.
Setting Up a Useful Gas Cooler Equation and its Performance Tests
Authors: Bainier Francis , Belgodère Rémy , Routhieau Vincent , Pillay Tony 
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this paper is to determine an equation enabling the calculation of the temperature at the exit of a gas cooler, knowing the input temperature, the flow rate, the pressure, the gas composition, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid as well as the heat transfer coefficient of the gas cooler and its transfer surface with the constrain to be easily applied and to give acceptable results.
This research has been initiated by compressor engineers and experts in charge of checking the compressor installations.
This paper consists of 3 parts.
• Determining the equation:
This section sets out the equations of continuity, momentum and energy applied to a gas particle flowing within a pipe, by using some assumptions. The most important assumption allows us to consider the gas particle as a very thin disk with the same diameter as the “equivalent tube” of the gas cooler and of which the normal is parallel to the axis of the tube. This gas particle therefore has two faces perpendicular to the gas flow. At the end of the demonstration, the gas cooler could be described in a equation where the inputs are the temperature of the gas entering the gas cooler, the outside temperature of the system considered to be that of the heat transfer fluid of the gas cooler, the total transfer surface of the gas cooler, the average molar heat capacity at constant pressure of the gas, the molar mass of the gas, the mass flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient of the gas cooler; and at the end, a fouling factor is introduced to achieve the purpose of this paper.
• Numerical application:
In this section, the global heat transfer coefficient of a gas cooler is determined. Knowing this value, The error between temperature T2 established by the provider of the equipment at the exit of the gas cooler and temperature T2calc calculated according to the proposed formula in this paper is determined. The error margin is systematically less than ±0.5 °C.
• Field tests:
Field tests using this method showed:
- the tested gas cooler does not meet the specified requirements,
- the accuracy of the method applied in field tests is 98%,
- the method is very easy to apply on site and gives acceptable results.
Investigations on Maximum Amplitude Amplification Factor of Real Mistuned Bladed Structures
Authors: Hemberger David , Filsinger Dietmar , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: December 2013

The production of bladed structures, e.g. turbine and compressor wheels, is a subject of statistical scatter. The blades are designed to be identical but differ due to small manufacturing tolerances. This can be local variance of material properties and geometrical deviations, which is indicated as mistuning of the structure. This article deals with the amplitude amplification factor of bladed structures caused by mistuning of real geometries.
Theoretical investigations and also experimental results show, that mistuning of the structure leads to an amplification of blade vibration amplitudes and hence to increased stresses in blades. The existing theoretical considerations by Whitehead from 1966 and Kenyon & Griffin from 2001 are compared with results of blade vibration measurements. For that purpose, measurement results of turbine and compressor wheels from publication in recent years were analyzed. These experimental results stem from measurements with strain gauges as well as tip timing measurements to determine blade vibration amplitudes. In addition to this extended literature survey, the authors also examined results from in-house tip timing measurements of a radial turbine wheel from a vehicular turbocharger.
The maximum amplification factor (MAF) and the degree of localization were evaluated. The comparison with the theory by Kenyon & Griffith revealed that the estimated maximum amplification factor was always higher than the values from the analyzed data. The measured MAF were besides one exception of a highly localized vibration form, which does not meet the theory’s assumptions, between 54% and 99.5% of the expected value. In this sense the theory has been proven.
Management of Gas Turbine Performance in GRTgaz Gas Network in France
Authors: Bainier Francis , Belgodère Rémy , Routhieau Vincent , Pillay Tony , Kurz Rainer 
Published: December 2013

This paper explains how to obtain and manage reliable information on current and planned performance of turbines by using an appropriate method for planning and controlling turbine degradation. In this paper a useful calculation method is described to manage the performance of gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors. The method is based on the knowledge of its current performance of installations and their degradation.
The paper consists of 4 parts:
– general information about turbine fouling and deterioration,
– calculation methods,
– measurements influences,
– field results.
Advancement of Experimental Methods and Cailletaud Material Model for Life Prediction of Gas Turbine Blades Exposed to Combined Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Thiele Marcus , Weser Swen , Gampe Uwe , Parchem Roland , Forest Samuel 
Published: December 2013

The European project PREMECCY has been conducted to enhance predictive methods for combined cycle fatigue (CCF) of gas turbine blades, i.e. interaction of low cycle fatigue (LCF) and high cycle fatigue (HCF). While design of CCF feature tests, comprising specimen and test rig design, has already been reported, this paper presents experimental HCF/ CCF test results and progress in life prediction.
Besides standard lab specimen tests for characterization of single crystal and conventional cast material, also advanced specimens representing critical rotor blade features were tested in a hot gas rig.
Based on these experimental data an extended Cailletaud material model for stress-strain analysis has been calibrated and combined with a modified ONERA damage model for creep-fatigue interaction to estimate the lifetime of the advanced test specimens.
The model extensions address the effect of ratcheting, which is typical for CMSX-4 at asymmetric cyclic loading at elevated temperature. Caused by limitations of the Armstrong-Frederick kinematic hardening rule regarding ratcheting, three models for improved ratcheting simulation of isotropic material were adopted to anisotropic material. In addition multiple Norton-flow rules for the viscous part of the model are combined with time recovery terms in the kinematic hardening evolution to represent the behaviour of single crystal material in high temperature environment at a wide range of strain rates. Hence, an improved model for stress-strain and lifetime prediction for single crystals has been developed.
Scaling Considerations for a Multi-Megawatt Class Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle and Path Forward for Commercialization
Authors: Fleming Darryn , Holschuh Thomas , Conboy Tom , Rochau Gary , Fuller Robert 
Published: December 2013

Small-scale supercritical CO2 demonstration loops are successful at identifying the important technical issues that one must face in order to scale up to larger power levels. The Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) Supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle test loops are identifying technical needs to scale the technology to commercial power levels such as 10 MWe. The small demonstration loops provide a scalable approach to identify cost, technical hurdles, and future commercialization plans of commercial applications.
The small size of the Sandia 1 MWth loop has demonstration of the split flow loop efficiency and effectiveness of the Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) leading to the design of a fully recuperated, split flow, supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle demonstration system. However there were many problems that were encountered such as; the high rotational speeds in these units identified the need to address bearing, seals, thermal boundaries, and motor controller problems to prove a reliable power source in the 300 kWe range. Although these issues were anticipated in smaller demonstration units, we also understood that commercially scaled hardware would eliminate these problems caused by high rotational speeds at small scale.
The economic viability and development of the future scalable 10 MWe solely depends on the interest of DOE and private industry. The Intellectual Property collected by Sandia proves that the ∼10 MWe Supercritical CO2 power conversion loop to be very beneficial when coupled to a 20 MWth heat source (either solar, geothermal, fossil, or nuclear). This paper will identify a commercialization plan, as well as, a roadmap from the simple 1 MWth supercritical CO2 development loop to a power producing 10 MWe supercritical CO2 Brayton loop.