bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell measurement of red blood cell oxygen affinity
Authors: Di Caprio Giuseppe , Stokes Chris , Higgins John M. , Schonbrun Ethan 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Oxygen transport is the most important function of red blood cells (RBCs). We describe a microfluidic single-cell assay that quantifies the oxygen saturation of individual RBCs in high throughput. Although single-RBC measurements of volume and mass are routinely performed in hospitals by hematology analyzers, measurements that characterize the primary function of RBCs, the delivery of oxygen, have not been made. With this system, we find measurable variation that is positively correlated with cellular hemoglobin concentration but independent of osmolarity. These results imply that the cytoplasmic environment of each cell is different and that these differences modulate the function that each cell performs.
Molecular structure of monomorphic peptide fibrils within a kinetically trapped hydrogel network
Authors: Nagy-Smith Katelyn , Moore Eric , Schneider Joel , Tycko Robert 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Based on the propensity of naturally occurring peptides to assemble into polymorphic fibrils, one might assume that polymorphism and peptide self-assembly go hand-in-hand. Contrary to this expectation, we find that the designed peptide MAX1 assembles with high fidelity into monomorphic fibrils that comprise a kinetically trapped hydrogel network. Our solid-state NMR data lead to a complete molecular structural model, in which MAX1 β-hairpins form a β-sheet bilayer with specific molecular conformations and intermolecular alignments within and between layers.
Generation of MANAbodies specific to HLA-restricted epitopes encoded by somatically mutated genes
Authors: Skora Andrew D. , Douglass Jacqueline , Hwang Michael S. , Tam Ada J. , Blosser Richard L. , Gabelli Sandra B. , Cao Jianhong , Diaz Luis A. , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert , Zhou Shibin 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceMutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes drive tumorigenesis and their protein products form therapeutic targets that are absent from normal cells. However, nearly all such mutant epitopes lie in the interior of the cells, either in the cytoplasm or nucleus, complicating immunotherapies directed against the mutants. We have developed an approach to identify antibodies selectively targeting complexes containing common HLA types bound to peptide products of commonly mutated oncogenes. Because these peptide-HLA complexes are expected to be exclusively present on the surface of cancer cells, antibodies targeting them could in principle be used for therapeutic purposes.
Brd4 bridges the transcriptional regulators, Aire and P-TEFb, to promote elongation of peripheral-tissue antigen transcripts in thymic stromal cells
Authors: Yoshida Hideyuki , Bansal Kushagra , Schaefer Uwe , Chapman Trevor , Rioja Inmaculada , Proekt Irina , Anderson Mark S. , Prinjha Rab K. , Tarakhovsky Alexander , Benoist Christophe , Mathis Diane 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Aire is an enigmatic transcription factor that controls immunologic tolerance by inducing, specifically in the thymus, a battery of transcripts encoding proteins not usually encountered until the periphery, thereby promoting negative selection of self-reactive thymocytes and positive selection of regulatory T cells. We document a striking correspondence between those genes induced by Aire and those inhibited by a small-molecule inhibitor of the bromodomain protein Brd4. Aire and Brd4 directly interact, dependent on an orchestrated series of phosphorylation and acetylation events. Aire:Brd4 engagement draws in P-TEFb, mobilizing the transcription and splicing machineries and inducing transcription. Blocking the Aire:Brd4 interaction inhibits negative selection of self-reactive T cells in mice, and point-mutations of Aire that abrogate this association give rise to autoimmune disease.
Identification and characterization of an injury-induced skeletal progenitor
Authors: Marecic Owen , Tevlin Ruth , McArdle Adrian , Seo Eun Young , Wearda Taylor , Duldulao Christopher , Walmsley Graham G. , Nguyen Allison , Weissman Irving L. , Chan Charles K. F. , Longaker Michael T. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Here, we characterize the injury-induced activation of a specific, highly purified population of multipotent skeletal progenitor cells. These activated progenitors show increased cell frequency, increased viability, and enhanced osteogenic potential. They also possess a unique transcriptional profile that distinguishes them from progenitors found in uninjured bone. We report that these features improve regenerative capacity, suggesting that activated progenitors play a principal role in bone healing. We hope that a better understanding of stem and progenitor activation will inspire novel therapies that restore impaired skeletal regeneration.
Roles of unphosphorylated ISGF3 in HCV infection and interferon responsiveness
Authors: Sung Pil Soo , Cheon HyeonJoo , Cho Chung Hwan , Hong Seon-Hui , Park Do Youn , Seo Hyung-Il , Park Su-Hyung , Yoon Seung Kew , Stark George R. , Shin Eui-Cheol 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection stimulates the production of endogenous interferons (IFNs) and the following persistent activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the infected liver. In the patients with chronic HCV infection, high levels of activated ISGs in the liver at baseline were proved to predict poor response to pegylated IFN-α/ribavirin therapy. In this report, we demonstrate that the level of unphosphorylated IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (U-ISGF3), not ISGF3, is increased by endogenous IFN-λs and IFN-β in HCV-infected hepatocytes and livers, leading to persistent activation of a set of ISGs. We also demonstrate that the high level of ISG15 induced by U-ISGF3 resulted in an increased level of ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18), a critical negative regulator of the response to exogenous IFN-α.
Helicobacter cinaedi: a challenging case in a rural clinic
Authors: Mugu Vamshi , Nausheen Sara , Mostofi Nima 
Published: July 2015

Introduction:
Several cases of Helicobacter cinaedi infections have been reported in immunocompromised patients since the 1980s and, more recently, in immunocompetent patients with certain risk factors. In spite of reports from Japan, Europe and the USA, there are currently no guidelines for identification, susceptibility testing or treatment of these infections. This is particularly challenging for rural clinics, which are already limited by available diagnostic modalities and therapeutic approaches. We present a case of H. cinaedi infection in a rural clinic that exposes these challenges and provides an argument for the establishment of guidelines.

Case presentation:
A 64-year-old immunocompetent bisexual male with a history of recent orthopaedic surgery presented to our rural clinic with left lower leg cellulitis, bacteraemia, fever and chills. The causative organism could not be definitively identified in the clinic. Cultures were sent to the state laboratory for identification. Empiric treatment with cephalexin and ceftriaxone showed no improvement in cellulitis. The patient was transferred to a tertiary-care facility where vancomycin and ciproflxacin were moderately successful. Several days later, cultures identified H. cinaedi and the patient was treated with carbapenem and doxycycline to complete resolution of symptoms.

Conclusion:
Although infections by H. cinaedi are rare, they are not uncommon. Identification by culture may not always be definitive, so a high degree of suspicion and access to other diagnostic modalities is essential. Empiric treatment with certain antibiotics is usually successful and may be an acceptable therapeutic approach considering the lack of guidelines.
Topology, cross-frequency, and same-frequency band interactions shape the generation of phase-amplitude coupling in a neural mass model of a cortical column
Authors: Sotero Roberto C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPhase-amplitude coupling (PAC), a type of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) where the phase of a low-frequency rhythm modulates the amplitude of a higher frequency, is becoming an important indicator of information transmission in the brain. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying its generation remain undetermined. A realistic, yet tractable computational model of the phenomenon is thus needed. Here we propose a neural mass model of a cortical column, comprising fourteen neuronal populations distributed across four layers (L2/3, L4, L5 and L6). The conditional transfer entropies (cTE) from the phases to the amplitudes of the generated oscillations are estimated by means of the conditional mutual information. This approach provides information regarding directionality by distinguishing PAC from APC (amplitude-phase coupling), i.e. the information transfer from amplitudes to phases, and can be used to estimate other types of CFC such as amplitude-amplitude coupling (AAC) and phase-phase coupling (PPC). While experiments often only focus on one or two PAC combinations (e.g., theta-gamma or alpha-gamma), we found that a cortical column can simultaneously generate almost all possible PAC combinations, depending on connectivity parameters, time constants, and external inputs. We found that the strength of PAC between two populations was strongly correlated with the strength of the effective connections between them and, on average, did not depend upon the presence or absence of a direct (anatomical) connection. When considering a cortical column circuit as a complex network, we found that neuronal populations making indirect PAC connections had, on average, higher local clustering coefficient, efficiency, and betweenness centrality than populations making direct connections and populations not involved in PAC connections. This suggests that their interactions were more efficient when transmitting information. Since more than 60% of the obtained interactions represented indirect connections, our results highlight the importance of the topology of cortical circuits for the generation on of the PAC phenomenon. Finally, our results demonstrated that indirect PAC interactions can be explained by a cascade of direct CFC and same-frequency band interactions, suggesting that PAC analysis of experimental data should be accompanied by the estimation of other types of frequency interactions for an integrative understanding of the phenomenon.
Crystallization and crystallographic analysis of branching enzymes fromCyanothecesp. ATCC 51142
Authors: Hayashi Mari , Suzuki Ryuichiro , Colleoni Christophe , Ball Steven G. , Fujita Naoko , Suzuki Eiji 
Published: July 2015

Several cyanobacterial species, includingCyanothecesp. ATCC 51142, remarkably have four isoforms of α-glucan branching enzymes (BEs). Based on their primary structures, they are classified into glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 (BE1, BE2 and BE3) or family 57 (GH57 BE). In the present study, GH13-type BEs fromCyanothecesp. ATCC 51142 (BE1, BE2 and BE3) have been overexpressed inEscherichia coliand biochemically characterized. The recombinant BE1 was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystals of BE1 were obtained at 293 K in the presence of 0.2 MMg2+, 7–10%(w/v) ethanol, 0.1 MHEPES–NaOH pH 7.2–7.9. The crystals belonged to the tetragonal space groupP41212, with unit-cell parametersa = b = 133.75,c= 185.90 Å, and diffracted to beyond 1.85 Å resolution. Matthews coefficient calculations suggested that the crystals of BE1 contained two molecules in the asymmetric unit.
The competitive advantages of emerging market multinationals: a re-assessment
Authors: Williamson Peter J. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to re-assess both the nature and sources of the competitive advantages which multinationals expanding from home bases in emerging economies (EMNEs) may enjoy in the global market.Design/methodology/approach– The paper analyses the results of 12 concurrent studies undertaken by a group of experts who were asked to examine how strategies for innovation, international value chain configuration and foreign mergers and acquisitions contributed to the competitive advantages of multinationals emerging from Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRICs), respectively.Findings– EMNEs do have competitive advantages that can underpin their expansion abroad, but these are mainly “non-traditional” advantages that have been built by finding innovative ways to leverage advantages of their home countries. EMNE’s internationalisation is as much about accessing new resources and knowledge to enable them to extend their competitive advantage, as it is a route to exploiting existing advantages over a larger set of markets. As a result, the global value chain structure of EMNEs tends to be fundamentally different from that chosen by incumbent multinationals.Research limitations/implications– The study is limited to EMNEs from the BRIC countries, but implications for EMNEs emerging from other countries are discussed.Originality/value– We bring to bear extensive data and a systematic approach to understanding the new breed of multinationals emerging from the BRIC countries; their sources of competitive advantage; and how they are using innovation, foreign investment and overseas acquisitions to transform global competition.
Global value chains, rising power firms and economic and social upgrading
Authors: Lee Joonkoo , Gereffi Gary 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the global value chain (GVC) approach to understand the relationship between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the changing patterns of global trade, investment and production, and its impact on economic and social upgrading. It aims to illuminate how GVCs can advance our understanding about MNEs and rising power (RP) firms and their impact on economic and social upgrading in fragmented and dispersed global production systems.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reviews the GVC literature focusing on two conceptual elements of the GVC approach, governance and upgrading, and highlights three key recent developments in GVCs: concentration, regionalization and synergistic governance.Findings– The paper underscores the complicated role of GVCs in shaping economic and social upgrading for emerging economies, RP firms and developing country firms in general. Rising geographic and organizational concentration in GVCs leads to the uneven distribution of upgrading opportunities in favor of RP firms, and yet economic upgrading may be elusive even for the most established suppliers because of power asymmetry with global buyers. Shifting end markets and the regionalization of value chains can benefit RP firms by presenting alternative markets for upgrading. Yet, without further upgrading, such benefits may be achieved at the expense of social downgrading. Finally, the ineffectiveness of private standards to achieve social upgrading has led to calls for synergistic governance through the cooperation of private, public and social actors, both global and local.Originality/value– The paper illuminates how the GVC approach and its key concepts can contribute to the critical international business and RP firms literature by examining the latest dynamics in GVCs and their impacts on economic and social development in developing countries.
A reconceptualisation of social value creation as social constraint alleviation
Authors: Sinkovics Noemi , Sinkovics Rudolf R. , Hoque Samia Ferdous , Czaban Laszlo 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper includes two interconnected objectives. The first is to provide a reconceptualisation of social value creation as social constraint alleviation. The second is to respond to the call put forward by Giuliani and Macchi (2014) to produce synergies between bodies of literature exploring the development impact of businesses. The paper focuses on ideas from the global value chain/global production networks (GVC/GPN), business and human rights, corporate social responsibility (CSR), international business (IB) and (social) entrepreneurship literatures.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper offers a reconceptualisation of social value creation by building on the synergies, complementarities and limitations of existing concepts identified through the literature review.

Findings
– The reconceptualisation of social value creation put forward in this paper contributes to the literature in the following way. It offers a useful and clear definition of the term “social” (Devinney, 2009), and it attends to the limitations of the constraint concept as put forward by Ted London and his collaborators (London, 2011). Furthermore, it sketches out the basic ideas of a two-system approach to allow for the differentiation between symptom treatment and root cause alleviation. Finally, it offers a refinement of Wettstein’s (2012) proposed capability-based remedial action concept. The paper furthermore proposes that there are three distinct ways in which businesses generally respond to social constraints.

Originality/value
– The paper illustrates how the redefined concept of social value creation can connect different bodies of literature and help make sense of existing empirical results, without engaging in definitional debates.
Modeling the performance of a PCM cooling vest considering its side effects
Authors: Yazdi Motahareh Mokhtari , Sheikhzadeh Mohammad , Chavoshi Seyed Ehsan 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate the potential cooling contribution provided by a phase change material cooling vest as part of the total heat exchange mechanism of the body and take in to account the negative side effects of wearing the cooling garments.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, the three-part system of body-garment-environment has been simulated through the finite element method and the problem of heat exchange between these three parts has been solved with the help of computer modeling.

Findings
– The results of this modeling showed that a large percentage of the cooling efficiency of cooling vest was neutralized by the negative effects of the vest that are weight, lack of breathability, and the effects on the thermal conductivity of the skin. Therefore, the net efficiency of the cooling vests resulted in a lower decrease in skin temperature compared to the state that the negative side effects were not included in the model.

Originality/value
– Cooling power obtained with the help of cooling garments have been studied in previous studies using either human tests or manikins. But, what has been addressed less in previous studies relates to the negative effects of such equipment on the comfort of body, along with their cooling effect. So it is the first time witch the effect of side effects of such equipments are studied. Also modeling the real performance of cooling garments have not been done yet.
The thermal insulation properties of hightech sportswear fillings
Authors: Havelka Antonin , Glombikova Viera , Kus Zdenek , Chotebor Michal 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to deal with performance verification of thermal insulation fillings that are used for outer clothes into cold environments. Thermal properties of filling materials (down and three sophisticated fillings) were tested under condition approaching real weather conditions in Middle Europe.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the paper, modern method of thermal resistance Rct measurement, by Sweating Guarded-Hotplate system, was compared with method of Technical University of Liberec (TUL method). The TUL method shows good results and it is applicable even at ambient temperatures below zero, which fully corresponds to real application of the insulation filling.

Findings
– Evaluation of fibre battings were carried out even at temperatures below the freezing point, which is important for simulation of actual application of these filling structures. The highest thermal resistance of goose down confirm that natural materials have their irreplaceable position, especially in application into clothes for extreme conditions.

Research limitations/implications
– There does not include effect of the humidity change on thermal insulation properties. It will be subject of further research of authors.

Originality/value
– The investigation of thermal insulation properties were carried out under conditions approaching real application of tested materials, namely, at low ambient temperature.
Design freeze sequencing using Bayesian network framework
Authors: Lee Jihwan , Hong Yoo S. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– Change propagation is the major source of schedule delays and cost overruns in design projects. One way to mitigate the risk of change propagation is to impose a design freeze on components at some point prior to completion of the process. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model-driven approach to optimal freeze sequence identification based on change propagation risk.

Design/methodology/approach
– A dynamic Bayesian network was used to represent the change propagation process within a system. According to the model, when a freeze decision is made with respect to a component, a probabilistic inference algorithm within the Bayesian network updates the uncertain state of each component. Based on this mechanism, a set of algorithm was developed to derive optimal freeze sequence.

Findings
– The authors derived the optimal freeze sequence of a helicopter design project from real product development process. The experimental result showed that our proposed method can significantly improve the effectiveness of freeze sequencing compared with arbitrary freeze sequencing.

Originality/value
– The methodology identifies the optimal sequence for resolution of entire-system uncertainty in the most effective manner. This mechanism, in progressively updating the state of each component, enables an analyzer to continuously evaluate the effectiveness of the freeze sequence.
Where next for victim services in England and Wales?
Authors: Madoc-Jones Iolo , Hughes Caroline , Humphries Keith 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– At a time when funding arrangements are under review, the purpose of this paper is to come to a better understanding of victim needs and to inform future developments of services in England and Wales.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on qualitative data gathered from a series of interviews with 33 individuals working with victims of crime in one police area in England and Wales.

Findings
– Better practice and outcomes were associated in respondent’s accounts with the multi-agency working and end to end case management of needs associated with some victims of rape and domestic abuse assessed as high risk of harm.

Research limitations/implications
– Small-scale qualitative study.

Practical implications
– It is argued Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) should explore mechanisms for extending such services to more victims of crime and ensuring better co-ordination of service delivery.

Originality/value
– From October 2014 onwards PCCs are set to take over responsibility for funding victim services in England and Wales. Though not an uncontroversial development, this sets the context for practice with victims to be considered afresh and accordingly this paper explores the needs of victims and how they are met in one police and crime area.