bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Disparities in the Quality of Diabetes Care: Biological and Cultural Factors May Play a Different Role for Different Outcomes
Authors: Rossi Maria Chiara , Cristofaro Maria Rosaria , Gentile Sandro , Lucisano Giuseppe , Manicardi Valeria , Mulas Maria Franca , Napoli Angela , Nicolucci Antonio , Pellegrini Fabio , Suraci Concetta , Giorda Carlo ,   on behalf of the AMD Annals Study Group
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the quality of type 2 diabetes care according to sex.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Clinical data collected during the year 2009 were extracted from electronic medical records; quality-of-care indicators were evaluated. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the likelihood of women versus men to be monitored for selected parameters, to reach clinical outcomes, and to be treated with specific classes of drugs. The intercenter variability in the proportion of men and women achieving the targets was also investigated.

RESULTS
Overall, 415,294 patients from 236 diabetes outpatient centers were evaluated, of whom 188,125 (45.3%) were women and 227,169 (54.7%) were men. Women were 14% more likely than men to have HbA1c &gt;9.0% in spite of insulin treatment (odds ratio 1.14 [95% CI 1.10–1.17]), 42% more likely to have LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥130 mg/dL (1.42 [1.38–1.46]) in spite of lipid-lowering treatment, and 50% more likely to have BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (1.50 [1.50–1.54]). Women were less likely to be monitored for foot and eye complications. In 99% of centers, the percentage of men reaching the LDL-C target was higher than in women, the proportion of patients reaching the HbA1c target was in favor of men in 80% of the centers, and no differences emerged for blood pressure.

CONCLUSIONS
Women show a poorer quality of diabetes care than men. The attainment of the LDL-C target seems to be mainly related to pathophysiological factors, whereas patient and physician attitudes can play an important role in other process measures and outcomes.
Mortality by Race Among Low-Income Adults With Early-Onset Insulin-Treated Diabetes
Authors: Conway Baqiyyah Nilija , Elasy Thomas Anais , May Michael E. , Blot William James 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE
To determine if long-term mortality rates in early-onset insulin-treated diabetes differ by race among adults of similar socioeconomic status.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 391 (299 African Americans, 92 whites) mostly low-income adults 40–79 years of age with insulin-treated diabetes diagnosed before 30 years of age were recruited from community health centers in the southeast U.S. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality among African Americans compared with whites. Additionally, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were used to compare the mortality experience of the individuals with diabetes with both national and general community health center sex- and race-specific population norms.

RESULTS
Mean age at diabetes diagnosis and cohort entry, respectively, was 21 and 50 years in African Americans and 19 and 51 years in whites. During an average of 6.7 years of follow-up, 29% of African Americans and 35% of whites died. In multivariable analysis, no significant mortality difference was observed among African Americans compared with whites (HR 0.83 [95% CI 0.53–1.30]; P = 0.51). Compared with the race-specific U.S. general population, SMRs for those with diabetes were 5.7 in African Americans and 11.7 in whites. However, when compared with the same source population (i.e., the community health center population), SMRs were 3.5 and 3.7 in African Americans and whites, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Elevated mortality persists in men and women with long duration of early-onset insulin-treated diabetes, but given survival to 40 years of age and similarly low economic status and access to health care, our data do not suggest a racial disparity in mortality.
Type A Behavior and Risk of All-Cause Mortality, CAD, and CAD-Related Mortality in a Type 1 Diabetic Population: 22 Years of Follow-up in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study
Authors: Fickley Catherine E. , Lloyd Cathy E. , Costacou Tina , Miller Rachel G. , Orchard Trevor J. 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether type A behavior predicts all-cause mortality and incident coronary artery disease (CAD) in a type 1 diabetic population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Follow-up data (22 years) from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes were analyzed for the 506 participants who completed the Bortner Rating Scale (measuring type A behavior) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at baseline (1986–1988). CAD comprised myocardial infarction as determined by hospital records/Q waves on electrocardiogram (ECG), CAD death (determined by a mortality classification committee), angiographic stenosis, ischemic ECG, and angina.

RESULTS
There were 128 deaths (25.3%) during follow-up. Univariate analysis showed an inverse relationship between Bortner scores and all-cause mortality (P = 0.01), which remained significant after allowing for age, sex, duration, HbA1c, education, smoking, BMI, and physical activity (P = 0.03). However, the addition of BDI scores attenuated the relationship (P = 0.11) with a significant interaction (P = 0.03) such that any protective effect against mortality was limited among individuals with lower BDI scores (bottom three quintiles) (P = 0.07), whereas no effect was seen in those with higher BDI scores (P = 0.97). Bortner scores showed only a borderline association with incident CAD (P = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS
Those with higher type A behavior have lower all-cause mortality in our type 1 diabetic population, an effect that interacts with depressive symptomatology such that it is only operative in those with low BDI scores. Further research should focus on understanding this interaction.
Benefits of Liraglutide Treatment in Overweight and Obese Older Individuals With Prediabetes
Authors: Kim Sun H. , Abbasi Fahim , Lamendola Cindy , Liu Alice , Ariel Danit , Schaaf Patricia , Grove Kaylene , Tomasso Vanessa , Ochoa Hector , Liu Yeheng V. , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Reaven Gerald 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE
The aim was to evaluate the ability of liraglutide to augment weight loss and improve insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and inflammation in a high-risk population for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and CVD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We randomized 68 older individuals (mean age, 58 ± 8 years) with overweight/obesity and prediabetes to this double-blind study of liraglutide 1.8 mg versus placebo for 14 weeks. All subjects were advised to decrease calorie intake by 500 kcal/day. Peripheral insulin resistance was quantified by measuring the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the insulin suppression test. Traditional CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers also were assessed.

RESULTS
Eleven out of 35 individuals (31%) assigned to liraglutide discontinued the study compared with 6 out of 33 (18%) assigned to placebo (P = 0.26). Subjects who continued to use liraglutide (n = 24) lost twice as much weight as those using placebo (n = 27; 6.8 vs. 3.3 kg; P &lt; 0.001). Liraglutide-treated subjects also had a significant improvement in SSPG concentration (−3.2 vs. 0.2 mmol/L; P &lt; 0.001) and significantly (P ≤ 0.04) greater lowering of systolic blood pressure (−8.1 vs. −2.6 mmHg), fasting glucose (−0.5 vs. 0 mmol/L), and triglyceride (−0.4 vs. −0.1 mmol/L) concentration. Inflammatory markers did not differ between the two groups, but pulse increased after liraglutide treatment (6.4 vs. −0.9 bpm; P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The addition of liraglutide to calorie restriction significantly augmented weight loss and improved insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, glucose, and triglyceride concentration in this population at high risk for development of T2DM and CVD.
Features of a migration region – an analysis using the example of the Opolskie Voivodship
Authors: Heffner Krystian , Solga Brygida 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The authors of the article develop the concept of a migration region. The experiences of the Opolskie Voivodship in the sphere of external migration function as a field of reference. The issues connected with the factors preconditioning the formation of such a region are of utmost interest to the authors.
Geographical aspects of the changes of Hungary’s deconcentrated state administration system between 1990 and 2012
Authors: Kozma Gábor , Barta Attila 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
One of the most important segments of the post-1990 transformation of territory-based administration in Hungary was the changing of the geographical structure of deconcentrated state administrative organisations. The study, on the one hand, provides a brief overview of the history of deconcentrated state administrative organisations in Hungary, and discusses the regional characteristics of the organisational transformations after the political changes, taking six moments in time (the middle of 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2012 respectively) as the basis. On the other hand, using the same six snapshots in time, it examines which settlements experienced favourable or unfavourable changes, and what factors influenced the selection of the seats for these institutions.
The results of the survey indicated that the alignment of territorial structure of deconcentrated state administrative organizations to the planning-statistical, NUTS 2 regions has already begun at the end of the 1990s. The government formed in 2006 took significant steps in the area of aligning the spatial structure of the organizations with the planning-statistical regions; however, in the period after 2010 the significance of the county level increased again. In the period examined, no significant changes took place at the top and at the bottom of the list according to the number of seats: the largest settlements of the individual regions reinforced their leading positions.
The accuracy of the heat index to explain the excess of mortality and morbidity during heat waves – a case study in a mediterranean climate
Authors: Monteiro Ana , Carvalho Vânia , Velho Sara , Sousa Carlos 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The aim of this contribution was to evaluate the accuracy of a well known human comfort index, the heat index, to anticipate the effects of the July 2006 heat wave in mortality (all causes) and morbidity (all causes, respiratory and circulatory disease). Our assessment was done to all citizens, to people of the 75+ cohort and to each gender, in Porto. For further statistical analysis, we calculated an expected number of admissions by averaging the admissions recorded during the comparison period. The 95% confidence interval was calculated, using a standard method based on the t-distribution, for differences between independent means with different population variances, using the Leveane test to evaluate the variance’s homogeneity. During the 2006 heat wave, a 52% mortality excess was registered relatively to the expected mortality (p < 0.001), for all cohorts of the population. The admissions excess for all ages included the admissions due to respiratory diseases (p < 0.029), pneumonia (p < 0.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001). For the 75+ cohort, the admissions due to respiratory diseases (p < 0.017), pneumonia (p < 0.001) and heart failure (p < 0.610) were also statistically high. The obtained results confirm that the heat index is a truthful method to anticipate the negative impacts of heat waves in human health even in climate contexts adapted to hot summers like at Porto - a Mediterranean tempered climate. The impacts of July 2006’s heat wave in the increase of mortality (all causes) and in respiratory morbidity (all population and 75+cohort) was evident.
The concentration of the creative sector firms as a potential basis for the formation of creative clusters in Poland
Authors: Środa-Murawska Stefania , Szymańska Daniela 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The study aims to present the structure and analyse the distribution of economic activities comprising the creative sector (covering 10 sections of PKD 2007 - the Polish Classification of Activities based on NACE rev. 2 - the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community) of the Polish economy in the context of the potential basis for the formation of creative clusters in Poland. The study concentrates on the numbers of creative firms based in all 3,076 Polish gminas (306 urban gminas, 1,576 rural gminas and 597 urban-rural gminas; in the latter, 597 urban areas and 597 rural areas are considered separately). As found, most of the firms are involved in architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis (M 71) and other professional, scientific and technical activities (M 74). It has also been established that some local incubators of the potential clusters of creative industries form eight distinct centres, the most prominent of which is the Warszawa centre. The identification of areas with higher concentrations of creative firms has demonstrated that in Poland, like in western countries, creative firms tend to locate in large cities (Warszawa, Kraków, Poznań, Wrocław and Tri-City) and in the regions around them.
Findings of Water Net Hydrodictyon Reticulatum (Hydrodictyaceae, Chlorophyta) in the Curonian Lagoon
Authors: Volodina Alexandra , Gerb Marika 
Published: July 2013

Abstract Green alga Hydrodictyon reticulatum was found for the first time in the Curonian Lagoon in 1936, however, it was still absent in the species lists of the algal flora of the Russian part of the Curonian Lagoon up to date. H. reticulatum was found in shallow waters (0.6 m depth) of small bays in the southern (near village Kaširskoe) and south-western (Curonian spit, 1 km to the north of the Tëplyj Bay) coasts of the Curonian Lagoon in June- July 2011. Species was found on the petioles and twigs of submerged aquatic plants Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea candida and Ceratophyllum demersum.
Does Higher Tax Morale Imply Higher Optimal Labor Income Tax Rate?
Authors: Simonovits András 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We analyze the impact of tax morale on optimal progressive labor income taxation. Only universal basic income is financed from a linear tax and the financing of public goods is neglected. Each individual supplies labor and (un)declares earning, depending on his labor disutility and tax morale. Limiting the utilitarianism to the poorer parts of the population (defined by the inclusion share), the optimal tax rate is an increasing function of the tax morale and a decreasing function of the inclusion share, provided that the average wage of those included is higher than 0.54 times the average wage.
Determinants of the Spatial Distribution of Foreign Employees on Different Skill Job Positions: The Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Schovánková Soňa 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to discuss the spatial distribution of foreign employees in highlyskilled, skilled and unskilled job positions by using correlation and regression analyses. On the one hand, our results indicate that foreign employees, no matter what job position they work in, usually concentrate in districts where regional centers or eventually large industrial factories are located. The outcomes also indicate that these foreign employees are usually employed in areas where foreigners were also employed in previous years. On the other hand, there seem to be determinants of the spatial distribution of foreigners that differ by job positions. The spatial distribution of foreign employees in highly-skilled job positions seems to be primarily influenced by characteristics of the economic area, whereas the spatial pattern of foreign employees in skilled and unskilled job positions seem to be more determined by the characteristics of the labour market area.
Should Non-Euro Area Countries Join the Single Supervisory Mechanism?
Authors: Darvas Zsolt , Wolff Guntram B. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Irrespective of the euro crisis, a European banking union makes sense, including for non-euro area countries, because of the extent of European Union financial integration. The Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) is the first element of the banking union. From the point of view of non-euro countries, the draft SSM regulation as amended by the EU Council includes strong safeguards relating to decision-making, accountability, attention to financial stability in small countries and the applicability of national macroprudential measures. Non-euro countries will also have the right to leave the SSM and thereby exempt themselves from a supervisory decision. The SSM by itself cannot bring the full benefits of the banking union, but would foster financial integration, improve the supervision of cross-border banks, ensure greater consistency of supervisory practices, increase the quality of supervision, avoid competitive distortions and provide ample supervisory information. While the decision to join the SSM is made difficult by uncertainty surrounding other elements of the banking union, including possible burden sharing, we conclude that non-euro EU members should stand ready to join the SSM and be prepared for negotiations on the other elements of the banking union.
World Tax Index: New Methodology for OECD Countries, 2000–2012
Authors: Machová Zuzana , Kotlán Igor 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper follows our previous article, Kotlán and Machová (2012a), which presented an indicator of the tax burden that can be used as an alternative to the tax quota, or for implicit tax rates in macroeconomic analyses. This alternative is an overall multi-criteria index called the WTI - the World Tax Index. The aim of this paper is to present the new World Tax Index 2013 and its methodology, which allowed us to compute it for all 34 OECD countries for the 2000-2012 period, with special references to methodology changes from the previous version. We show that, using the WTI, the highest tax burden is measured for Denmark, Belgium and Turkey, while the lowest tax burden is in Switzerland, Ireland, Chile or Japan. The total ranking of the countries is from 66% correlated with the ranking according to the tax quota, mainly due to a strong correlation in the case of property taxes, personal income taxes and VAT-type taxes. In these cases, the tax quota seems to be a good approximator of the tax burden. However, there is no correlation between corresponding tax quotas and WTI sub-indices for corporate taxes or selective consumption taxes. In those cases, the tax quota apparently fails and is not suitable for use in further analyses.
WHO's Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful use of Alcohol: An Assessment of Recent Policies and Interventions in Finland and Ontario, Canada
Authors: Giesbrecht Norman , österberg Esa 
Published: July 2013

Aim This paper assesses alcohol policies and interventions in Finland and the Canadian province of Ontario, using the policy options and interventions recommended in WHO's Global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol (2010). Data & Methods The information and data are based on archival sources, surveys, legislative and government documents, and published papers. The paper assesses both jurisdictions on 10 areas in the WHO document and their sub-topics: 1. leadership, 2. health services response, 3. community action, 4. drinking and driving policies and countermeasures, 5. availability of alcohol, 6. marketing of alcoholic beverages, 7. pricing policies, 8. reducing the negative consequences of drinking and alcohol intoxication, 9. reducing the public health impact of illicit alcohol and informally produced alcohol, and 10. monitoring and surveillance. Results Ontario had several recent noteworthy developments in line with WHO recommendations: health services response, controls of drinking and driving, pricing policies, reducing the negative consequences of drinking and intoxication, and monitoring and surveillance. Finland has emphasised pricing policies in recent years, and there have also been significant developments in community action, controls of drinking and driving, alcohol advertising, and monitoring and surveillance. Conclusions Challenges and opportunities for strengthening the policy responses are noted, as well as topics for future research.
Changes in youth gambling after the removal of slot machines in Norway
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg , Hansen Marianne Bang , Storvoll Elisabet Esbjerg 
Published: July 2013

Aims To examine whether the ban and complete removal of slot machines in Norway in 2007 may have led to: a) changes in gambling behaviour and changes in prevalence of problem gambling among adolescents, and b) changes in gambling behaviour among adolescent problem gamblers. Data & Methods Two school surveys were conducted, one before (in 2006) and one after the intervention (in 2008), comprising students aged 13 to 18 years (net samples = 4,912 in 2006 and 3,855 in 2008). Identical measures of gambling behaviour and problem gambling were obtained in both surveys. Results After the intervention, a small proportion reported that they had changed their gambling behaviour, mainly in terms of having stopped gambling. Comparisons of self-reports of gambling behaviour showed that slot machine gambling had decreased significantly, while gambling on other games had increased, yet frequent gambling on any game had decreased after the intervention. However, the change in prevalence of at-risk and problem gambling differed across instruments. The prevalence of self-perceived gambling problems had decreased whereas the prevalence of at-risk and problem gambling as assessed by SOGS-RA had increased. Among at-risk and problem gamblers frequent gambling and perceived gambling problems were reported less frequently in 2008 compared to 2006. Conclusion The ban and removal of slot machines in Norway was succeeded by a decrease in frequent gambling among adolescents in general as well as among at-risk and problem gamblers.
Pismo i głos jako kategorie poetyki historycznej (liryka XVI wieku) / Writing and Orality as Categories of Historical Poetics (16th Century Verse )
Authors: Śnieżko Dariusz 
Published: July 2013

Summary
In an attempt to validate the role of orality and writing as categories of historical poetics, the article takes a close look at five aspects or criteria of this key distinction. They are the intended use of the text, genre, sensory perception, the morphological criterion, and the criterion of reception and performance. It is hoped that the use of those markers will help us to establish the connections between the macrocosm of the 16th-century communication strategies (and the dynamic inter-relationships between them) and the microcosm of genres, conventions and individual literary works
CZY PAN COGITO ROZMYŚLA O SEKSIE? CIELESNOŚĆ, PŁCIOWOŚĆ I EROTYZM W TWÓRCZOŚCI ZBIGNIEWA HERBERTA (PRELIMINARIA) / Is Mr Cogito Thinking About Sex ? Corporeality , Sexuality and Eroticism in Zbigniew Herbert’s Writings (Preliminaries)
Authors: Tomasik Tomasz 
Published: July 2013

Summary
We will not find many erotic poems in Zbigniew Herbert’s literary output, but that does not mean that the poet ignores such anthropological themes as corporeality, sexuality and eroticism. The body in the Herbert’s poetry is used as the vehicle for the senses and mediates between the spiritual and the material. The most important senses are the sense of touch and sight, so the motif of hands and eyes often occurs in this poetry. Herbert’s male protagonist distances himself from the hard hegemonic masculinity. Taking the concept of Jung into account we can say that the animus is balanced by the anima. Zbigniew Herbert’s eroticism is expressed primarily by the language of sensitivity. The attitude, in which the mind is in agreement with the feelings, eros with logos, cogito with caritas, seems to be the most compatible with the personal philosophy of the poet.