bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasmic encephalitis associated with meningitis in a heart transplant recipient
Authors: Baliu C. , Sanclemente G. , Cardona M. , Castel M.A. , Perez‐Villa F. , Moreno A. , Cervera C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes neurologic and extraneurologic manifestations in immunosuppressed patients. Encephalitis and intracranial mass lesions are easily recognized as typical manifestations of toxoplasmosis. However, meningitis caused by T. gondii is a rare condition with very few cases described in the literature. We present the case of a heart transplant recipient who developed toxoplasmic encephalitis associated with meningitis. After an extensive review of the medical literature, we found only 1 case of meningitis in solid organ transplant recipients and <25 cases in immunosuppressed patients, such as patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus or those with Hodgkin's disease. In this report, we consider toxoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of meningitis in immunocompromised individuals.
The link between hypertension and pathological scarring: Does hypertension cause or promote keloid and hypertrophic scar pathogenesis?
Authors: Huang Chenyu , Ogawa Rei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPathological scars, namely, keloids and hypertrophic scars (HSs), are caused by excessive cutaneous wound healing that is characterized by histological extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, clinically relevant irritating symptoms, and frequent recurrence after surgical excision. To date, there are few effective and specific treatments. This partly reflects the poor understanding of the etiology of these scars and the lack of a suitable animal model. Systemic hypertension has been suggested to participate in pathological scarring. The evidence that supports this hypothesis is reviewed here. Thus, hypertension associates with changes that resemble the aberrant cutaneous wound‐healing phases that characterize pathological scar development. It also associates with profibrotic functional changes in the cells that constitute keloids and HSs (endothelial cells, pericytes/myofibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts, and mast cells) and profibrotic ECM remodeling. These hypertension‐associated changes are mediated to some extent by inflammation, hypoxia, and the angiotensin/renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system. Thus, hypertension may be an aggravating/risk factor for keloids and HSs. This will help to identify patients who are prone to heavy scars after surgery or postsurgical recurrence. Moreover, pharmacological agents for the prophylaxis and treatment of hypertension‐induced fibrosis in other organs may also be useful for keloids/HSs.
A Single Bout of Resistance Exercise Does Not Promote Excess Postexercise Energy Expenditure in Untrained Young Men with a Family History of Diabetes
Authors: Gutierrez Jean , Gribok Andrei , Rumpler William , Chandran Avinash , DiPietro Loretta 
Published: June 2014

Background:People with a family history of type 2 diabetes have lower energy expenditure (EE) and more obesity than those having no such family history. Resistance exercise (RE) may induce excess postexercise energy expenditure (EPEE) and reduce long-term risk for obesity in this susceptible group.Purpose:To determine the effect of RE on EPEE for 15 hr after a single exercise bout in healthy, untrained young men having a family history of type 2 diabetes.Design:Seven untrained men (23 ± 1.2 years, BMI 24 ± 1.1) completed a 48-hr protocol in a whole room calorimeter. The first day served as a control day, with a moderate 40-min RE bout occurring on the second day. Differences in postexercise EE were compared with matched periods from the control day for cumulative 15-min intervals (up to 150 min) and 15 hr after the RE bout was completed.Results:The most robust difference in EPEE between the experimental and control days was observed in the first 15-min postexercise period (M = 1.4Kcal/min; SD = 0.7; p < .05). No statistically significant differences in EPEE were noted beyond 90-min of continuous measurement.Conclusions:Young people with a family history of type 2 diabetes may not show EPEE after a single RE bout when observed for 15 hr after RE and long-term resistance training may be required to promote EPEE.
Alternative Countermovement-Jump Analysis to Quantify Acute Neuromuscular Fatigue
Authors: Gathercole Rob , Sporer Ben , Stellingwerff Trent , Sleivert Gord 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To examine the reliability and magnitude of change after fatiguing exercise in the countermovement-jump (CMJ) test and determine its suitability for the assessment of fatigue-induced changes in neuromuscular (NM) function. A secondary aim was to examine the usefulness of a set of alternative CMJ variables (CMJ-ALT) related to CMJ mechanics.Methods:Eleven male college-level team-sport athletes performed 6 CMJ trials on 6 occasions. A total of 22 variables, 16 typical (CMJ-TYP) and 6 CMJ-ALT, were examined. CMJ reproducibility (coefficient of variation; CV) was examined on participants’ first 3 visits. The next 3 visits (at 0, 24, and 72 h postexercise) followed a fatiguing high-intensity intermittent-exercise running protocol. Meaningful differences in CMJ performance were examined through effect sizes (ES) and comparisons to interday CV.Results:Most CMJ variables exhibited intraday (n = 20) and interday (n = 21) CVs of <10%. ESs ranging from trivial to moderate were observed in 18 variables at 0 h (immediately postfatigue). Mean power, peak velocity, flight time, force at zero velocity, and area under the force–velocity trace showed changes greater than the CV in most individuals. At 24 h, most variables displayed trends toward a return to baseline. At 72 h, small increases were observed in time-related CMJ variables, with mean changes also greater than the CV.Conclusions:The CMJ test appears a suitable athlete-monitoring method for NM-fatigue detection. However, the current approach (ie, CMJ-TYP) may overlook a number of key fatigue-related changes, and so practitioners are advised to also adopt variables that reflect the NM strategy used.
Ten-Year Trends in Total Physical Activity Practice in Brazilian Adults: 2002-2012
Authors: Hallal Pedro C. , Cordeira Kelly , Knuth Alan G. , Mielke Grégore Iven , Victora Cesar G. 
Published: June 2014

Background:One-third of adults worldwide are physically inactive causing over 5.3 million deaths annually. Despite a growing focus on physical activity and health, population-based data on physical activity trends in low- and middle-income countries are still limited. To help fill the gap, this study provides trend data over a 10-year period in Pelotas, a southern Brazilian city.Methods:The short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of physical inactivity in 2002 (n = 3119), 2007 (n = 2969), and 2012 (n = 2868). Levels of inactivity and trends were assessed according to sex, age, schooling, and socioeconomic position (SEP).Results:The prevalence of physical inactivity rose from 41.1% (95% CI: 37.4–44.9) in 2002 and 52.0% (95% CI: 49.1–53.8) in 2007 to 54.4% (95% CI: 51.8–56.9) in 2012 (P < .001). Physical inactivity significantly increased in all subgroups except in the highest SEP and 70+ year age subgroups.Conclusions:After a sharp increase in the prevalence of physical inactivity from 2002–2007, levels plateaued from 2007–2012. However, it is important to stress that current levels are still unacceptably high, and that efforts must be intensified to reverse the trend.
Self-Reported Versus Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Biomarkers Among NHANES Youth
Authors: Belcher Britni R. , Moser Richard P. , Dodd Kevin W. , Atienza Audie , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , Berrigan David 
Published: June 2014

Background:Discrepancies in self-report and accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may influence relationships with obesity-related biomarkers in youth.Methods:Data came from 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) for 2174 youth ages 12 to 19. Biomarkers were: body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), BMI percentile, height and waist circumference (WC, cm), triceps and subscapular skinfolds (mm), systolic & diastolic blood pressure (BP, mmHg), high-density lipoprotein (HDL, mg/dL), total cholesterol (mg/dL), triglycerides (mg/dL), insulin (μU/ml), C-reactive protein (mg/dL), and glycohemoglobin (%). In separate sex-stratified models, each biomarker was regressed on accelerometer variables [mean MVPA (min/day), nonsedentary counts, and MVPA bouts (mean min/day)] and self-reported MVPA. Covariates were age, race/ethnicity, SES, physical limitations, and asthma.Results:In boys, correlations between self-report and accelerometer MVPA were stronger (boys: r = 0.14−0.21; girls: r = 0.07−0.11; P < .010) and there were significant associations with BMI, WC, triceps skinfold, and SBP and accelerometer MVPA (P < .01). In girls, there were no significant associations between biomarkers and any measures of physical activity.Conclusions:Physical activity measures should be selected based on the outcome of interest and study population; however, associations between PA and these biomarkers appear to be weak regardless of the measure used.
The Influence of the Breast on Physical Activity Participation in Females
Authors: Burnett Emma , White Jenny , Scurr Joanna 
Published: June 2014

Background:The importance of physical activity is well known.1 However, previous research suggests that breast movement during exercise can be painful, embarrassing, and anecdotally deter exercise participation.2,3 Therefore, this research investigates whether the breast influences physical activity participation.Methods:Female respondents (n = 249) completed a breast health and physical activity survey assessing bras and bra fit, physical activity, breast pain, comments and improvements, breast history, and demographics.Results:Results found that the breast was a barrier to physical activity participation for 17% of women. “I can’t find the right sports bra” and “I am embarrassed by excessive breast movement” were the most influential breast related barriers to activity. Breast pain increased with vigorous activity and poor breast support. Breast health knowledge increased the use of a sports bra and levels of physical activity.Conclusions:The breast was the fourth greatest barrier to physical activity, behind energy/motivation (first), time constraints (second), and health (third), despite its omission from previous physical activity literature. As 33% of women were not meeting physical activity guidelines, increasing breast health knowledge may reduce barriers to physical activity.
Draft Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni Strain Xap33, Causal Agent of Bacterial Spot Disease on Almond
Authors: Garita-Cambronero J. , Sena-Vélez M. , Palacio-Bielsa A. , Cubero J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the annotated genome sequence of
Xanthomonas arboricola
pv. pruni strain Xap33, isolated from almond leaves showing bacterial spot disease symptoms in Spain. The availability of this genome sequence will aid our understanding of the infection mechanism of this bacterium as well as its relationship to other species of the same genus.
Complete Coding Sequence of Zika Virus from a French Polynesia Outbreak in 2013
Authors: Baronti Cécile , Piorkowski Géraldine , Charrel Rémi N. , Boubis Laetitia , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle , de Lamballerie Xavier 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Zika virus is an arthropod-borne
Flavivirus
member of the Spondweni serocomplex, transmitted by
Aedes
mosquitoes. We report here the complete coding sequence of a Zika virus strain belonging to the Asian lineage, isolated from an infected patient returning from French Polynesia, an epidemic area in 2013/2014.
Genome Sequences of Seven Mycoplasma hyosynoviae Strains Isolated from the Joint Tissue of Infected Swine (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Bumgardner Eric , Bey Russell F. , Kittichotirat Weerayuth , Bumgarner Roger E. , Lawrence Paulraj K. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae
is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause debilitating arthritis in swine. Currently, there are no
M. hyosynoviae
genome sequences in the GenBank database, which makes it impossible to understand its pathogenesis, nutrition, or colonization characteristics, or to devise an effective strategy for its control. Here, we report the genome sequences of seven strains of
M. hyosynoviae
. Within each genome, several virulence factors were identified that may prove important in the pathogenesis of
M. hyosynoviae
-mediated arthritis and serve as potential virulence markers that may be critical in vaccine development.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Moderately Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila Strain, pc104A, Isolated from Soil of a Catfish Pond in West Alabama
Authors: Pridgeon Julia W. , Zhang Dunhua , Zhang Lee 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas hydrophila
pc104A is a moderately virulent strain isolated from the soil of a catfish pond in west Alabama in 2010. Its full genome is 5,023,829 bp. The availability of this genome will allow comparative genomics to identify the virulence genes that are important for pathogenesis or immunogens for the purpose of vaccine development.
New Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat Locus Spacer Pair Typing Method Based on the Newly Incorporated Spacer for Salmonella enterica
Authors: Li Hao , Li Peng , Xie Jing , Yi Shengjie , Yang Chaojie , Wang Jian , Sun Jichao , Liu Nan , Wang Xu , Wu Zhihao , Wang Ligui , Hao Rongzhang , Wang Yong , Jia Leili , Li Kaiqin , Qiu Shaofu , Song Hongbin 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) typing method has recently been developed and used for typing and subtyping of
Salmonella
spp., but it is complicated and labor intensive because it has to analyze all spacers in two CRISPR loci. Here, we developed a more convenient and efficient method, namely, CRISPR locus spacer pair typing (CLSPT), which only needs to analyze the two newly incorporated spacers adjoining the leader array in the two CRISPR loci. We analyzed a CRISPR array of 82 strains belonging to 21
Salmonella
serovars isolated from humans in different areas of China by using this new method. We also retrieved the newly incorporated spacers in each CRISPR locus of 537
Salmonella
isolates which have definite serotypes in the Pasteur Institute's CRISPR Database to evaluate this method. Our findings showed that this new CLSPT method presents a high level of consistency (kappa = 0.9872, Matthew's correlation coefficient = 0.9712) with the results of traditional serotyping, and thus, it can also be used to predict serotypes of
Salmonella
spp. Moreover, this new method has a considerable discriminatory power (discriminatory index [DI] = 0.8145), comparable to those of multilocus sequence typing (DI = 0.8088) and conventional CRISPR typing (DI = 0.8684). Because CLSPT only costs about $5 to $10 per isolate, it is a much cheaper and more attractive method for subtyping of
Salmonella
isolates. In conclusion, this new method will provide considerable advantages over other molecular subtyping methods, and it may become a valuable epidemiologic tool for the surveillance of
Salmonella
infections.
Asymptomatic “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” Infections in Immunocompetent Humans
Authors: Welc-Falęciak Renata , Siński Edward , Kowalec Maciej , Zajkowska Joanna , Pancewicz Sławomir A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

In Europe, human infections with “
Candidatus
Neoehrlichia mikurensis” have mainly been restricted to immunocompromised patients. We report here the first cases of asymptomatic “
Ca
. Neoehrlichia mikurensis” infection in immunocompetent humans (5/316 [1.6%] were infected). Due to the potential threats of infections with “
Ca
. Neoehrlichia mikurensis” in healthy persons to the safety of the blood supply, further study of this phenomenon is required.
Site-Specific Clinical Evaluation of the Luminex xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel for Detection of Infectious Gastroenteritis in Fecal Specimens
Authors: Patel Anami , Navidad Jose , Bhattacharyya Sanjib 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe evaluate the clinical performance of the Luminex xTAG gastrointestinal (GI) pathogenin vitrodiagnostic (IVD) assay in a comparison between clinical and public health laboratories. The site reproducibility study showed 98.7% sensitivity with high positive and negative agreement values (96.2% and 99.8%, respectively), while assay performance against confirmatory methods resulted in 96.4% sensitivity with similar positive and negative agreement values (90.1% and 99.5%, respectively). High-throughput detection of multiple GI pathogens improved turnaround time, consolidated laboratory workflow, and simplified stool culture practices, thus reducing the overall cost and number of specimens processed.
The Pulmonary Localization of Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes Is Governed by the Tissue Tropism of Infection
Authors: Knudson Cory J. , Weiss Kayla A. , Hartwig Stacey M. , Varga Steven M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

The migration of pathogen-specific T cells into nonlymphoid tissues, such as the lung, is critical to control peripheral infections. Use of
in vivo
intravascular labeling of leukocytes has allowed for improved discrimination between cells located in the blood from cells present within peripheral tissues, such as the lung. This is particularly important in the lung, which is comprised of an intricate network of blood vessels that harbors a large proportion of the total blood volume at any given time. Recent work has demonstrated that >80% of antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells remain in the pulmonary vasculature following an intratracheal infection with a systemic viral pathogen. However, it remains unclear what proportion of effector CD8 T cells are located within lung tissue following a localized respiratory viral infection. We confirm that most effector and memory CD8 T cells are found in the vasculature after an intranasal infection with the systemic pathogens lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or vaccinia virus (VACV). In contrast, following pulmonary viral infections with either respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza A virus (IAV), 80 to 90% of the antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells were located within lung tissue. Similarly, the majority of antigen-specific CD4 T cells were present within lung tissue during a pulmonary viral infection. Furthermore, a greater proportion of gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ
+
) effector CD8 and CD4 T cells were located within lung tissue following a localized respiratory viral infection. Our results indicate that T cells exhibit significantly altered distribution patterns dependent upon the tissue tropism of the infection.

IMPORTANCE
The migration of T cells to nonlymphoid sites, such as the lung, is critical to mediate clearance of viral infections. The highly vascularized lung holds up to 40% of blood, and thus, the T cell response may be a reflection of lymphocytes localized to the pulmonary vasculature instead of lung tissue. We examined the localization of T cell responses within the lung following either a localized or systemic viral infection. We demonstrate that following intranasal infection with a systemic pathogen, most T cells are localized to the pulmonary vasculature. In contrast, T cells are primarily localized to lung tissue following a respiratory viral infection. Our results demonstrate vast differences in the localization of T cell responses within the lung parenchyma between pathogens that can replicate locally versus systemically and that intravascular antibody labeling can be utilized to assess the localization patterns of T cell responses in nonlymphoid organs.
Host Species Restriction of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus through Its Receptor, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4
Authors: van Doremalen Neeltje , Miazgowicz Kerri L. , Milne-Price Shauna , Bushmaker Trenton , Robertson Shelly , Scott Dana , Kinne Joerg , McLellan Jason S. , Zhu Jiang , Munster Vincent J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012. Recently, the MERS-CoV receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) was identified and the specific interaction of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of MERS-CoV spike protein and DPP4 was determined by crystallography. Animal studies identified rhesus macaques but not hamsters, ferrets, or mice to be susceptible for MERS-CoV. Here, we investigated the role of DPP4 in this observed species tropism. Cell lines of human and nonhuman primate origin were permissive of MERS-CoV, whereas hamster, ferret, or mouse cell lines were not, despite the presence of DPP4. Expression of human DPP4 in nonsusceptible BHK and ferret cells enabled MERS-CoV replication, whereas expression of hamster or ferret DPP4 did not. Modeling the binding energies of MERS-CoV spike protein RBD to DPP4 of human (susceptible) or hamster (nonsusceptible) identified five amino acid residues involved in the DPP4-RBD interaction. Expression of hamster DPP4 containing the five human DPP4 amino acids rendered BHK cells susceptible to MERS-CoV, whereas expression of human DPP4 containing the five hamster DPP4 amino acids did not. Using the same approach, the potential of MERS-CoV to utilize the DPP4s of common Middle Eastern livestock was investigated. Modeling of the DPP4 and MERS-CoV RBD interaction predicted the ability of MERS-CoV to bind the DPP4s of camel, goat, cow, and sheep. Expression of the DPP4s of these species on BHK cells supported MERS-CoV replication. This suggests, together with the abundant DPP4 presence in the respiratory tract, that these species might be able to function as a MERS-CoV intermediate reservoir.

IMPORTANCE
The ongoing outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused 701 laboratory-confirmed cases to date, with 249 fatalities. Although bats and dromedary camels have been identified as potential MERS-CoV hosts, the virus has so far not been isolated from any species other than humans. The inability of MERS-CoV to infect commonly used animal models, such as hamster, mice, and ferrets, indicates the presence of a species barrier. We show that the MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 plays a pivotal role in the observed species tropism of MERS-CoV and subsequently identified the amino acids in DPP4 responsible for this restriction. Using a combined modeling and experimental approach, we predict that, based on the ability of MERS-CoV to utilize the DPP4 of common Middle East livestock species, such as camels, goats, sheep, and cows, these form a potential MERS-CoV intermediate host reservoir species.