bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Class II correction in prepubertal and postpubertal patients with Twin Force Bite Corrector
Authors: Chhibber Aditya , Upadhyay Madhur , Uribe Flavio , Nanda Ravindra 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare the dentoskeletal effects and treatment efficiency of the Twin Force Bite Corrector (TFBC) appliance in Class II correction of patients treated before or after the pubertal growth spurt.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-one normodivergent Class II patients treated with the TFBC appliance were divided into two groups based on their cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS). Group 1 (G1) consisted of 23 patients (mean age 12.44 ± 1.59 years) where treatment was initiated before the pubertal growth spurt (CVMS I and II), while group 2 (G2) consisted of 18 patients (mean age 13.76 ± 1.44 years) where treatment was started after the pubertal growth spurt (CVMS III to V). Dentoskeletal measurements were made on lateral cephalograms taken before (T1) and after orthodontic treatment (T2).

Results:
During treatment, G1 had significantly greater skeletal correction than G2, with more dentoalveolar effects being observed in G2 than G1. However, on comparing both groups at the end of treatment (T2) when growth is complete, no differences in the parameters measured were observed. Overall, treatment time was significantly longer for G1 (3.67 ± 1.45 years) compared to G2 (2.75 ± 1.07 years).

Conclusions:
There is no difference in overall dentoskeletal effects obtained at the end of treatment by the TFBC appliance in normodivergent prepubertal vs postpubertal patients. However, treatment efficiency based on treatment timing is significantly greater for the postpubertal group.
Dietary Fat Acutely Increases Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Requirements in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Wolpert Howard A. , Atakov-Castillo Astrid , Smith Stephanie A. , Steil Garry M. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
Current guidelines for intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes base the mealtime insulin bolus calculation exclusively on carbohydrate counting. There is strong evidence that free fatty acids impair insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that patients with type 1 diabetes would require more insulin coverage for higher-fat meals than lower-fat meals with identical carbohydrate content.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used a crossover design comparing two 18-h periods of closed-loop glucose control after high-fat (HF) dinner compared with low-fat (LF) dinner. Each dinner had identical carbohydrate and protein content, but different fat content (60 vs. 10 g).

RESULTS
Seven patients with type 1 diabetes (age, 55 ± 12 years; A1C 7.2 ± 0.8%) successfully completed the protocol. HF dinner required more insulin than LF dinner (12.6 ± 1.9 units vs. 9.0 ± 1.3 units; P = 0.01) and, despite the additional insulin, caused more hyperglycemia (area under the curve &gt;120 mg/dL = 16,967 ± 2,778 vs. 8,350 ± 1,907 mg/dL⋅min; P &lt; 0001). Carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio for HF dinner was significantly lower (9 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 3 g/unit; P = 0.01). There were marked interindividual differences in the effect of dietary fat on insulin requirements (percent increase significantly correlated with daily insulin requirement; R2 = 0.64; P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
This evidence that dietary fat increases glucose levels and insulin requirements highlights the limitations of the current carbohydrate-based approach to bolus dose calculation. These findings point to the need for alternative insulin dosing algorithms for higher-fat meals and suggest that dietary fat intake is an important nutritional consideration for glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Screening With Hemoglobin A1c Versus Fasting Plasma Glucose in a Multiethnic Middle-School Cohort
Authors: Buse John B. , Kaufman Francine R. , Linder Barbara , Hirst Kathryn , El ghormli Laure , Willi Steven ,   for the HEALTHY Study Group
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVETo characterize middle-school students from the HEALTHY study with glycemic abnormalities, specifically high-risk hemoglobin A1c (A1C) (hrA1C; A1C = 5.7–6.4%) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG; fasting plasma glucose [FPG] = 100–125 mg/dL).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSHistory was collected by self-report, physical measurement was collected by trained study staff, and fasting blood was drawn by trained phlebotomists and analyzed centrally.RESULTSAt baseline, among 3,980 sixth graders, 128 (3.2%) had hrA1C and 635 (16.0%) had IFG. Compared with A1C &lt;5.7%, hrA1C was associated with non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and higher measurements of BMI, waist circumference, and fasting insulin. Compared with FPG &lt;100 mg/dL, IFG was associated with Hispanic ethnicity; increased BMI, waist circumference, and fasting insulin; higher frequency of high blood pressure; and higher mean triglycerides. Two years later, children with hrA1C persisted as hrA1C in 59.4%, and one child (0.8%) developed A1C ≥6.5%; children with IFG persisted with IFG in 46.9%, and seven children (1.1%) developed FPG ≥126 mg/dL. Those with hrA1C compared with IFG had a higher BMI in sixth grade, which persisted to eighth grade.CONCLUSIONSIn the HEALTHY study cohort, hrA1C and IFG define different groups of youth with differentially increased diabetes risk markers. IFG is approximately fivefold more common, but hrA1C is more persistent over time. Optimal screening strategies for diabetes in youth remain unresolved.
Assessing Progress in Retinopathy Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: LeCaire Tamara J. , Palta Mari , Klein Ronald , Klein Barbara E.K. , Cruickshanks Karen J. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
The Wisconsin Diabetes Registry Study (WDRS) cohort consisted of patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in the same geographic region as, but 8–34 years later than the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) cohort, providing a unique opportunity to assess changes in complications. We estimated the current prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy at 20 years of diabetes duration, compared these between eras, and evaluated the influence of diabetes management.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-year examinations, including fundus photographs, were completed on 305 WDRS subjects during 2007–2011. A subgroup of the WESDR cohort participated in one of four study visits during 1980–1996, at similar diabetes duration (n = 583). Adjusted ordinal logistic regression with three retinopathy severity categories was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of more severe retinopathy with diagnosis during an earlier era.

RESULTS
Mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was lower in WDRS than in WESDR (8.0% vs. 9.3% [P &lt; 0.001], and 93.4% vs. 21.3% [P &lt; 0.001]) used ≥3 daily insulin injections or an insulin pump. In WDRS, 18% had vision-threatening levels of retinopathy vs. 43% in WESDR. The adjusted OR of more severe retinopathy in the earlier era (OR 3.0 [95% CI 2.2–4.0]) was reduced by including 20-year HbA1c in the model (OR 2.2 [1.6–3.0]).

CONCLUSIONS
Retinopathy severity at a diabetes duration of 20 years is lower in the more recent era of type 1 diabetes. Updated projections should be used when informing newly diagnosed individuals of prognosis and for health care cost assessments. Current glycemic control explained a limited amount of the difference.
Enhanced Absorption of Insulin Aspart as the Result of a Dispersed Injection Strategy Tested in a Randomized Trial in Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mader Julia K. , Birngruber Thomas , Korsatko Stefan , Deller Sigrid , Köhler Gerd , Boysen Susanne , Augustin Thomas , Mautner Selma I. , Sinner Frank , Pieber Thomas R. ,   on behalf of the AP@home Consortium
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the impact of two different injection strategies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin aspart in vivo in an open-label, two-period crossover study and verified changes in the surface-to-volume ratio ex vivo.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Before the clinical trial, insulin aspart was injected ex vivo into explanted human abdominal skin flaps. The surface-to-volume ratio of the subcutaneous insulin depot was assessed by microfocus computed tomography that compared 1 bolus of 18 IU with 9 dispersed boluses of 2 IU. These two injection strategies were then tested in vivo, in 12 C-peptide–negative type 1 diabetic patients in a euglycemic glucose clamp (glucose target 5.5 ± 1.1 mmol/L) for 8 h after the first insulin administration.

RESULTS
The ex vivo experiment showed a 1.8-fold higher mean surface-to-volume ratio for the dispersed injection strategy. The maximum glucose infusion rates (GIR) were similar for the two strategies (10 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 4; P = 0.5); however, times to reach maximum GIR and 50% and 10% of the maximum GIR were significantly reduced by using the 9 × 2 IU strategy (68 ± 33 vs. 127 ± 93 min; P = 0.01; 38 ± 9 vs. 49 ± 16 min; P &lt; 0.01; 23 ± 6 vs. 30 ± 10 min; P &lt; 0.05). For 9 × 2 IU, the area under the GIR curve was greater during the first 60 min (219 ± 89 vs. 137 ± 75; P &lt; 0.01) and halved until maximum GIR (242 ± 183 vs. 501 ± 396; P &lt; 0.01); however, it was similar across the whole study period (1,361 ± 469 vs. 1,565 ± 527; P = 0.08).

CONCLUSIONS
A dispersed insulin injection strategy enhanced the effect of a fast-acting insulin analog. The increased surface-to-volume ratio of the subcutaneous insulin depot can facilitate insulin absorption into the vascular system.
Microstructures and growth characteristics of polyelectrolytes on silicon using layer-by-layer assembly
Authors: Bragaru Adina , Kusko Mihaela , Radoi Antonio , Danila Mihai , Simion Monica , Craciunoiu Florea , Pascu Razvan , Mihalache Iuliana , Ignat Teodora 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Growth processes of nanocomposite layers obtained by polyelectrolytes, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), self-assembled on silicon surface using layer-by-layer (LbL) technique were investigated, and theoretical and experimental data are herein reported. Complementary microstructural and compositional analyses techniques (scanning electron microscopy, ellipsometry, X-ray reflectivity, zeta (ξ) potential measurements and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy) were used for deep characterization of the multilayer structure formation. Electrophoretic zeta (ξ) potential measurements indicated that the surface charge was either positive or negative, depending on the polyelectrolyte used (PDADMAC or PSS). ATR-IR spectra confirmed the successfully silanization process and then, the building up of the nanocomposite layer. Morphological investigation and X-ray reflectivity demonstrated the growth process and cross-section size of the bilayers. Ellipsometric measurements were in very good agreement with SEM and XRR, showing once again the successful deposition of polyelectrolyte multilayers.
Analytical Psychology
Authors: Jung Carl Gustav 
Published: November 2012

Ce texte est une première publication en français d’un extrait des notes du séminaire donné par C.G. Jung, en 1925 : Conférence 7, du 4 mai 1925 (p. 50 à 56), C.G. Jung, The Seminars, vol. 3, Analytical Psychology, Notes of the Seminar Given in 1925, Edited by William Mc Guire, London, Routledge, 1990. Avec l’aimable autorisation de Michel Cazenave et des éditions Albin Michel. La publication de l’ensemble de ce séminaire paraîtra prochainement chez Albin Michel, dans sa nouvelle version révisée par Sonu Shamdasani et parue en 2012 dans les Philemon Series. La traduction en français en est assurée par Karen Hainsworth et Viviane Thibaudier.
An overview of the spectral induced polarization method for near‐surface applications
Authors: Kemna Andreas , Binley Andrew , Cassiani Giorgio , Niederleithinger Ernst , Revil André , Slater Lee , Williams Kenneth H. , Orozco Adrián Flores , Haegel Franz‐Hubert , Hördt Andreas , Kruschwitz Sabine , Leroux Virginie , Titov Konstantin , Zimmermann Egon 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTOver the last 15 years significant advancements in induced polarization (IP) research have taken place, particularly with respect to spectral IP (SIP), concerning the understanding of the mechanisms of the IP phenomenon, the conduction of accurate and broadband laboratory measurements, the modelling and inversion of IP data for imaging purposes and the increasing application of the method in near‐surface investigations. We summarize here the current state of the science of the SIP method for near‐surface applications and describe which aspects still represent open issues and should be the focus of future research efforts. Significant progress has been made over the last decade in the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms of IP; however, integrated mechanistic models involving different possible polarization processes at the grain/pore scale are still lacking. A prerequisite for the advances in the mechanistic understanding of IP was the development of improved laboratory instrumentation, which has led to a continuously growing data base of SIP measurements on various soil and rock samples. We summarize the experience of numerous experimental studies by formulating key recommendations for reliable SIP laboratory measurements. To make use of the established theoretical and empirical relationships between SIP characteristics and target petrophysical properties at the field scale, sophisticated forward modelling and inversion algorithms are needed. Considerable progress has also been made in this field, in particular with the development of complex resistivity algorithms allowing the modelling and inversion of IP data in the frequency domain. The ultimate goal for the future are algorithms and codes for the integral inversion of 3D, time‐lapse and multi‐frequency IP data, which defines a 5D inversion problem involving the dimensions space (for imaging), time (for monitoring) and frequency (for spectroscopy). We also offer guidelines for reliable and accurate measurements of IP spectra, which are essential for improved understanding of IP mechanisms and their links to physical, chemical and biological properties of interest. We believe that the SIP method offers potential for subsurface structure and process characterization, in particular in hydrogeophysical and biogeophysical studies.
Improvement in time‐domain induced polarization data quality with multi‐electrode systems by separating current and potential cables
Authors: Dahlin Torleif , Leroux Virginie 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTMeasuring induced polarization in the time domain with relatively compact multi‐channel multi‐electrode systems is attractive because of the simplicity of the procedure and thus its efficiency in the field. However the use of this technique is sometimes discouraged by the bad quality of the measurements in cases of high electrode contact resistances that can render data interpretation infeasible or at least unreliable. It is proposed that capacitive coupling in the multi‐core electrode cables has a significant role in creating this problem.In such cases separation of current and potential circuits by using separate multi‐conductor cable spreads can yield significant improvement in data quality. The procedure is relatively simple and can be implemented with common resistivity and time‐domain IP equipment.We show here three field examples from Southern Sweden, all measured as 2D electrical imaging sections. The first one is an example where the use of a single cable spread is sufficient thanks to moderate electrode contact resistance and high signal levels. The following two examples are from sites where induced polarization measurements could not yield consistent results using only a single multi‐conductor cable spread. Useful results were subsequently obtained by using separate cable spreads.The first example is a 280 m long line measured over an old covered municipal waste deposit where the waste body stands out as a zone of high chargeability. The second example is a 120 m line measured on a sandy glaciofluvial structure that is host to an aquifer of regional importance. The improvement led to discrimination between materials of different grain sizes, with potential bearing for understanding the aquifer. The third example is a 300–400 m line measured across an esker lying on clay till. The improvement led to a clear visualization of the esker and to the identification of a possible fault in the underlying gneissic bedrock.In all cases pseudosections and examples of chargeability decay curves are shown and discussed as tools for assessing data quality. Inversion results are shown together with background geological information and it is concluded that they are in good agreement.
Integrated analysis of waveguide dispersed GPR pulses using deterministic and Bayesian inversion methods
Authors: Bikowski Jutta , Huisman Johan A. , Vrugt Jasper A. , Vereecken Harry , Kruk Jan van der 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTGround‐penetrating radar (GPR) data affected by waveguide dispersion are not straightforward to analyse. Therefore, waveguide dispersed common midpoint measurements are typically interpreted using so‐called dispersion curves, which describe the phase velocity as a function of frequency. These dispersion curves are typically evaluated with deterministic optimization algorithms that derive the dielectric properties of the subsurface as well as the location and depth of the respective layers. However, these methods do not provide estimates of the uncertainty of the inferred subsurface properties. Here, we applied a formal Bayesian inversion methodology using the recently developed DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis algorithm. This Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation method rapidly estimates the (non‐linear) parameter uncertainty and helps to treat the measurement error explicitly. We found that the frequency range used in the inversion has an important influence on the posterior parameter estimates, essentially because parameter sensitivity varies with measurement frequency. Moreover, we established that the measurement error associated with the dispersion curve is frequency dependent and that the estimated model parameters become severely biased if this frequency‐dependent nature of the measurement error is not properly accounted for. We estimated these frequency‐dependent measurement errors together with the model parameters using the algorithm. The posterior distribution of the model parameters derived in this way compared well with inversion results for a reduced frequency bandwidth which is an alternative, yet subjective method to reduce the bias introduced by this frequency‐dependent measurement error. Altogether, our inversion procedure provides an integrated and objective methodology for the analysis of dispersive GPR data and appropriately treats the measurement error and parameter uncertainty.
Mapping of landfills using time‐domain spectral induced polarization data: the Eskelund case study
Authors: Gazoty A. , Fiandaca G. , Pedersen J. , Auken E. , Christiansen A.V. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis study uses time‐domain induced polarization data for the delineation and characterization of the former landfill site at Eskelund, Denmark. With optimized acquisition parameters combined with a new inversion algorithm, we use the full content of the decay curve and retrieve spectral information from time‐domain IP data. Thirteen IP/DC profiles were collected in the area, supplemented by el‐log drilling for accurate correlation between the geophysics and the lithology. The data were inverted using a laterally constrained 1D inversion considering the full decay curves to retrieve the four Cole‐Cole parameters. For all profiles, the results reveal a highly chargeable unit that shows a very good agreement to the findings from 15 boreholes covering the area, where the extent of the waste deposits was measured. The thickness and depth of surface measurements were furthermore validated by el‐log measurements giving in situ values, for which the Cole‐Cole parameters were computed. The 3D shape of the waste body was pinpointed and well‐defined. The inversion of the IP data also shows a strong correlation with the initial stage of the waste dump and its composition combining an aerial map with acquired results.
Comparison of the Protective Effects of Radix Astragali, α-Lipoic Acid, and Vitamin E on Acute Acoustic Trauma
Authors: Xiong Min , Lai Huangwen , Yang Chuanhong , Huang Weiyi , Wang Jian , Fu Xiaoyan , He Qinglian 
Published: November 2012

Objective Oxidative damage is a critical role which involves hearing loss induced by impulse noise. That exogenous antioxidant agents reduce noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) has been well demonstrated in both animal studies and clinical practices. Choosing a stronger and more effective antioxidant is very important for treatment of NIHL. Vitamin E, α-lipoic acid, and radix astragali are the most commonly used anti-oxidants for cochlear oxidative damage from acoustic trauma. In this study, the protective effects of radix astragali, α-lipoic acid, and vitamin E on acute acoustic trauma are investigated. Methods Guinea pigs in the experimental groups were intragastrically administered vitamin E, α-lipoic acid, and radix astragali. Auditory thresholds were assessed by sound-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) at click and tone bursts of 8, 16 and 32 kHz, 24 hours before and 72 hours after exposure to impulse noise. Cochlear malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were detected. Hair cell damage was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Results Vitamin E, α-lipoic acid, and radix astragali significantly reduced ABR deficits, reduced hair cell damage, and decreased the concentrations of MDA. α-lipoic acid and radix astragali were better than vitamin E, and there were no significant differences between α-lipoic acid and radix astragali. Conclusions α-lipoic acid or radix astragali are recommended for treatment of NIHL.