bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of surgical treatment in octogenarian patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Oliveira Fábio Henrique de , Filho Antônio Lacerda , Queiroz Fábio Lopes de , Lamounier Paulo César de Carvalho , Castilho Bruno Alcântara de , Rabelo Fernanda Elias Ferreira , Martins Breno Xaia , Oliveira Klaus Rodrigues de 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Objective this study aims to compare the profile of octogenarian individuals with colorectal cancer and those younger than 80 years of age regarding gender distribution, mean age of patients, length of hospital stay, type of surgery performed and postoperative complications.
Methods this study was carried out at the Coloproctology Department of Hospital Felicio Rocho, Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We evaluated 438 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing curative surgery as disease treatment. Data was collected using specific guidelines established by the health care team during a clinical meeting. This is a descriptive and retrospective study that compared the profile of 52 octogenarian patients (Group I) and 386 patients younger than 80 years (Group II).
Results The female gender predominated in group I with 69%, whereas the distribution between genders was similar in group II, with 50.3% of women. Mean age in group I was 84.5 years. The mean hospital stay was 8.25 days for patients younger than 80 years and 9.3 for the octogenarians. Group I had a complication rate of 28.84%, while in Group II it was 22.02%.
Conclusion age older than 80 years does not contraindicate colorectal surgery.
Complications after intestinal resection in Crohn's disease: laparoscopic versus conventional approach
Authors: Kotze Paulo Gustavo , Abou-Rejaile Vinícius Rezende , Barcelos Ivan Folchini de , Martins Juliana Ferreira , Miranda Eron Fábio , Rocha Juliana Gonçalves , Kotze Lorete Maria da Silva 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background significant advances in medical therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) occurred in the last 12 years, mainly due to the introduction of anti-TNF therapy. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery represented the most important advance on surgical treatment in the management of CD, as it also had developed in the treatment of other conditions. There is a tendency for lower complication rates after laparoscopic bowel resections as compared to open surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the complication rates after bowel resections for CD between the two approaches in a Brazilian case series.
Methods this was a retrospective longitudinal study, including CD patients submitted to bowel resections from a single Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) referral center, treated between January 2008 and June 2012 with laparoscopic approach (LA) or conventional approach (CA).
Variables analyzed age at surgery, gender, Montreal classification, smoking, concomitant medication, type of surgery, surgical approach, presence and type of complication up to 30 days after the procedures. Readmission and reoperation rates, as well as mortality, were also analyzed. Patients were allocated in two groups regarding the type of procedure (LA or CA), and complication rates and characteristics were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney test (quantitative variables) and chi-square test (qualitative variables), with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results a total of 46 patients (25 men) were included (16 submitted to LA), with mean age of 38.1 (± 12.7) years. The groups were considered homogeneous according to age, gender, CD location, perianal disease and concomitant medications. There were more patients with fistulizing CD on the CA group (p = 0.029). The most common procedure performed was ileocolic resection on both groups (56.7% of the CA and 75% of the LA patients – p = 0.566). Overall, total complications (surgical and medical, including minor and major issues) occurred in 60% (18/30) of the CA group and 12.5% (2/16) of the LA group (p = 0.002). Wound infection was the most frequent complication (10/30 on CA and 1/16 on the LA groups). There were 3 deaths in the CA group. Specific analysis of each complication did not demonstrate any difference between the groups regarding abdominal sepsis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, readmission, reoperations and deaths (p = 0.074).
Conclusions there was a higher complication rate in patients operated with CA as compared to LA. This was probably due to patient selection for the laparoscopic approach, with severe cases, mostly due to fistulizing abdominal CD, being operated mainly by open surgery. LA tends to be the recommended approach in most cases of non-complicated CD.
A British national observatory: the building of the New Physical Observatory at Greenwich, 1889–1898
Authors: HIGGITT REBEKAH 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOver its long history, the buildings of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich were enlarged and altered many times, reflecting changing needs and expectations of astronomers and funders, but also the constraints of a limited site and small budgets. The most significant expansion took place in the late nineteenth century, overseen by the eighth Astronomer Royal, William Christie, a programme that is put in the context of changing attitudes toward scientific funding, Christie's ambitious plans for the work and staffing of the Observatory and his desire to develop a national institution that could stand with more recently founded European and American rivals. Examination of the archives reveals the range of strategies Christie was required to use to acquire consent and financial backing from the Admiralty, as well as his opportunistic approach. While hindsight might lead to criticism of his decisions, Christie eventually succeeded in completing a large building – the New Physical Observatory – that, in its decoration, celebrated Greenwich's past while, in its name, style, structure and contents, it was intended to signal the institution's modernization and future promise.
The challenge of feeding 9–10 billion people equitably and sustainably
Authors: Godfray H. C. J. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe present paper reviews some of the high-level challenges facing the global food system over the next 40 years, drawing in particular on the UK Government's Foresight Report on the ‘Future of Food and Farming’, to set the scene for discussions about the sustainable use of nitrogen in agriculture. It reviews the likely demand and supply pressures on the food system, and the pressing requirements to improve sustainability and address the needs of the world's poorest. It argues that the food system is entering a period of radical change, led particularly by growth in demand, which requires action on food production, diet, waste and efficiency, and governance. A key challenge on the supply side is sustainable intensification – producing more from the same amount of land with fewer and less profound negative effects on the environment. Increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer application will be critical for increasing yields while reducing the many major environmental consequences of leaching and run-off.
Self-organization and control in stimulated Raman backscattering
Authors: ŠKORIĆ MILOŠ M. , NIKOLIĆ LJUBOMIR , ISHIGURO SEIJI 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on electron plasma waves in underdense plasmas is of a big concern in laser fusion due to an energy loss and target preheating. Complex features of large Backward-SRS (BRS) in experiments and simulations with laser fusion targets are found. Recently, to reach ultra-high intensities at multi-exawatts and beyond, relevant to high-energy physics, Raman amplification based on BRS was proposed; still, with high sensitivity and a narrow operational window. Firstly, we revisit a standard three-coupled mode model of BRS to show that the condition for an absolute instability is readily satisfied in uniform plasmas which excites large Raman signals from a background noise. It sets in for interaction length L0 shorter than, both, the plasma length L and absorption length La. Further, we point out a generic BRS feature, which due to a nonlinear frequency shift in large electron plasma wave (relativistic/trapping effects), instead to a steady state, saturates via intermittent pulsations with incoherent spectral broadening. A ‘break up’ of Manley–Rowe invariants is shown to predict non-stationary BRS. Finally, an intermediate intensity regime is originally proposed for coherent femto-second pulse generation in a thin exploding foil plasma, with scalings investigated by theory and particle simulations.
Predicting response to cognitive behavioral therapy in contamination-based obsessive–compulsive disorder from functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Olatunji B. O. , Ferreira-Garcia R. , Caseras X. , Fullana M. A. , Wooderson S. , Speckens A. , Lawrence N. , Giampietro V. , Brammer M. J. , Phillips M. L. , Fontenelle L. F. , Mataix-Cols D. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAlthough cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), few reliable predictors of treatment outcome have been identified. The present study examined the neural correlates of symptom improvement with CBT among OCD patients with predominantly contamination obsessions and washing compulsions, the most common OCD symptom dimension.MethodParticipants consisted of 12 OCD patients who underwent symptom provocation with contamination-related images during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning prior to 12 weeks of CBT.ResultsPatterns of brain activity during symptom provocation were correlated with a decrease on the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) after treatment, even when controlling for baseline scores on the YBOCS and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and improvement on the BDI during treatment. Specifically, activation in brain regions involved in emotional processing, such as the anterior temporal pole and amygdala, was most strongly associated with better treatment response. By contrast, activity in areas involved in emotion regulation, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, correlated negatively with treatment response mainly in the later stages within each block of exposure during symptom provocation.ConclusionsSuccessful recruitment of limbic regions during exposure to threat cues in patients with contamination-based OCD may facilitate a better response to CBT, whereas excessive activation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions involved in cognitive control may hinder response to treatment. The theoretical implications of the findings and their potential relevance to personalized care approaches are discussed.
Food-derived bioactive peptides – a new paradigm
Authors: Moughan Paul J. , Rutherfurd Shane M. , Montoya Carlos A. , Dave Lakshmi A. 
Published: November 2013

Food-derived bioactive peptides are regarded as important modulators of several physiological processes occurring both systemically and locally within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, the concentrations of food-derived bioactive peptides in the GIT, and therefore attendant physiological effects, are likely to be highly variable given the wide variation in the type and amount of dietary protein consumed either during the day or on a day-to-day basis. In contrast, gut endogenous proteins (e.g. cell proteins, mucin, serum albumin and digestive enzymes) are a consistent and significant potential source of peptides for the GIT. With up to 80 % of gut endogenous proteins being digested in the GIT, it is possible that a wide range of peptides is generated, but until now the significance of the gut endogenous proteins as a source of bioactive peptides has not been considered. A hypothesis is promulgated that the gut endogenous proteins may have a hidden role as a consistent and quantitatively important source of bioactive peptides in the GIT.
Provoking, Disturbing, Hacking: Media archaeology as a framework for the understanding of contemporary DIY composers’ instruments and ideas
Authors: Groth Sanne Krogh 
Published: November 2013

The article is a discussion of works by two Danish composers who both, with self-constructed instruments, challenge computer music as genre, the understanding and use of conventional technology, and the music's relation to history. At first glance, the use of homemade instruments appears to be a common characteristic. But, when one takes a closer look, different discourses and various discussions of media and materiality are revealed. In the article the various positions are unfolded through discussions within the theoretical field of media archaeology – a science with its roots in media studies, but also an important framework for the production and understanding of a variety of DIY practices.The overall purpose with the article is twofold: on the one hand it illustrates how theories from the field of media archaeology contribute interesting perspectives to discussions of artistic work within the area of DIY. On the other hand, it also serves as a critical discussion of media archaeology as not necessarily the solution to every aspect of artistic practices. The two artists are Morten Riis and Goodiepal.
The phenomenon of micronutrient deficiency among children in China: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Wong Angel YS , Chan Esther W , Chui Celine SL , Sutcliffe Alastair G , Wong Ian CK 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to review the literature on micronutrient deficiency and other factors influencing a deficiency status among children living in China.DesignA systematic review was performed to analyse the literature.SettingStudies were identified through a search of PubMed and secondary references.SubjectsChildren living in China aged less than 18 years.ResultsSixty-one articles were included. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency decreased to approximately 10 % in 1995–2009. It increased with age but no significant difference was found between genders. The prevalence of thiamin and vitamin B12 deficiency was 10·5 % in Yunnan and 4·5 % in Chongqing provinces, respectively. Higher vitamin D deficiency rates were seen in spring and winter. The incidence of bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency was 3·3 % in 1998–2001 and more prevalent in rural areas. Both iodine deficiency and excess iodine intake were observed. Goitre rates were reported in Tibet, Jiangxi, Gansu and Hong Kong (3·5–46 %). Anaemia rates ranged from 20 % to 40 % in 2007–2011. High Se deficiency rates were found in Tibet, Shaanxi and Jiangsu. High Zn deficiency rates were also found (50–70 %) in 1995–2006. Few studies reported Ca deficiency rates (19·6–34·3 %). The degrees of deficiency for vitamin A, vitamin B12, Fe and Zn were more substantial in rural areas compared with urban areas.ConclusionsThe prevalence of micronutrient deficiency rates varied. Socio-economic status, environmental factors and the Chinese diet may influence micronutrient deficiency. Public health policies should consider implementing programmes of supplementation, food fortification and nutrition education to address these deficiencies among Chinese children.
Chondroitin sulphate N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase-1 inhibits recovery from neural injury
Authors: Takeuchi Kosei , Yoshioka Nozomu , Higa Onaga Susumu , Watanabe Yumi , Miyata Shinji , Wada Yoshino , Kudo Chika , Okada Masayasu , Ohko Kentaro , Oda Kanako , Sato Toshiya , Yokoyama Minesuke , Matsushita Natsuki , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki , Sakimura Kenji , Kawano Hitoshi , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Igarashi Michihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExtracellular factors that inhibit axon growth and intrinsic factors that promote it affect neural regeneration. Therapies targeting any single gene have not yet simultaneously optimized both types of factors. Chondroitin sulphate (CS), a glycosaminoglycan, is the most abundant extracellular inhibitor of axon growth. Here we show that mice carrying a gene knockout for CS N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 (T1), a key enzyme in CS biosynthesis, recover more completely from spinal cord injury than wild-type mice and even chondroitinase ABC-treated mice. Notably, synthesis of heparan sulphate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan promoting axonal growth, is also upregulated in TI knockout mice because HS-synthesis enzymes are induced in the mutant neurons. Moreover, chondroitinase ABC treatment never induces HS upregulation. Taken together, our results indicate that regulation of a single gene, T1, mediates excellent recovery from spinal cord injury by optimizing counteracting effectors of axon regeneration—an extracellular inhibitor of CS and intrinsic promoters, namely, HS-synthesis enzymes.
A cholinergic trigger drives learning-induced plasticity at hippocampal synapses
Authors: Mitsushima Dai , Sano Akane , Takahashi Takuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLearning induces plastic changes in synapses. However, the regulatory molecules that orchestrate learning-induced synaptic changes are largely unknown. Although it is well established that cholinergic inputs from the medial septum modulate learning and memory, evidence for the cholinergic regulation of learning-induced synaptic plasticity is lacking. Here we find that the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (mAChRs) mediates the contextual fear learning-driven strengthening of hippocampal excitatory pyramidal synapses through the synaptic incorporation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Contextual fear learning also enhances the strength of inhibitory synapses on hippocampal pyramidal CA1 neurons, in a manner mediated by the activation of, not mAChRs, but, nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs). We observe a significant correlation between the learning-induced increases in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength at individual pyramidal neurons. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cholinergic regulation of learning-induced hippocampal synaptic plasticity may help the development of new therapies for cognitive disorders.
Cheap glass fiber mats as a matrix of gel polymer electrolytes for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Yusong , Wang Faxing , Liu Lili , Xiao Shiyin , Yang Yaqiong , Wu Yuping 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLithium ion batteries (LIBs) are going to play more important roles in electric vehicles and smart grids. The safety of the current LIBs of large capacity has been remaining a challenge due to the existence of large amounts of organic liquid electrolytes. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have been tried to replace the organic electrolyte to improve their safety. However, the application of GPEs is handicapped by their poor mechanical strength and high cost. Here, we report an economic gel-type composite membrane with high safety and good mechanical strength based on glass fiber mats, which are separator for lead-acid batteries. The gelled membrane exhibits high ionic conductivity (1.13 mS cm−1), high Li+ ion transference number (0.56) and wide electrochemical window. Its electrochemical performance is evaluated by LiFePO4 cathode with good cycling. The results show this gel-type composite membrane has great attraction to the large-capacity LIBs requiring high safety with low cost.
Islet amyloid polypeptide toxicity and membrane interactions
Authors: Cao Ping , Abedini Andisheh , Wang Hui , Tu Ling-Hsien , Zhang Xiaoxue , Schmidt Ann Marie , Raleigh Daniel P. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Amyloid formation is a hallmark of a range of human diseases. The polypeptide hormone amylin forms amyloid deposits in type 2 diabetes, and amyloid formation is thought to be a contributor to the decline in β-cell mass in the disease, however the basis of amylin-induced cytotoxicity is not fully understood. Amylin-induced membrane disruption has attracted considerable interest, and the interactions of amylin with model membranes have been characterized, but the relationship between studies with model membranes and toxicity is not understood. In this article the relationship between cell toxicity and the ability to disrupt model membranes is examined. There is no direct correlation between the two processes.
Persistence of hippocampal multivoxel patterns into postencoding rest is related to memory
Authors: Tambini Arielle , Davachi Lila 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceMemory consolidation is thought to depend on the reactivation of patterns of brain activity that characterize recent experience. Although reactivation has been identified and well-described in the rodent hippocampus, a structure critical for the formation of long-term memories, the persistence of patterns of hippocampal activity has not been investigated in humans. Using functional MRI, we find that patterns of hippocampal connectivity that characterize an encoding experience persist into immediate rest periods. Furthermore, this persistence is related to memory for the preceding representations, suggesting that postencoding measures of persistent activity patterns may contribute to memory consolidation.
Comprehensive analysis of imprinted genes in maize reveals allelic variation for imprinting and limited conservation with other species
Authors: Waters Amanda J. , Bilinski Paul , Eichten Steven R. , Vaughn Matthew W. , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Gehring Mary , Springer Nathan M. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
In many eukaryotes, reproduction involves contributions of genetic material from two parents. At some genes there are parent-of-origin differences in the expression of the maternal and paternal alleles of a gene and this is referred to as imprinting. The analysis of allele-specific expression in several maize hybrids allowed the comprehensive detection of imprinted genes. By comparing allelic expression patterns in multiple crosses, it was possible to observe allelic variation for imprinting in maize. The comparison of genes subject to imprinting in multiple plant species reveals limited conservation for imprinting. The subset of genes that exhibit conserved imprinting in maize and rice may play important, dosage-dependent roles in regulation of seed development.
Unexpected gain of function for the scaffolding protein plectin due to mislocalization in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Shin Soo J. , Smith Jeffrey A. , Rezniczek Günther A. , Pan Sheng , Chen Ru , Brentnall Teresa A. , Wiche Gerhard , Kelly Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
We have shown that plectin, which we had previously identified as a biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, has important function for tumor pathogenesis. We confirmed cell surface localization and identified the mechanism, exosomes, through which this occurs. Importantly, plectin is necessary for exosome formation and produces exosomes that are capable of promoting pancreatic tumor growth and aggression. Our results highlight the gain of function for plectin attributable to upregulation and exosomal localization in pancreatic cancer.
Emergence of spatial structure in the tumor microenvironment due to the Warburg effect
Authors: Carmona-Fontaine Carlos , Bucci Vanni , Akkari Leila , Deforet Maxime , Joyce Johanna A. , Xavier Joao B. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
Cancer cells undergo dramatic metabolic alterations, such as the Warburg effect where glucose is consumed independently of oxygen, leading to high lactic acid production. Although these alterations can give growth advantages to cancer cells, they have a profound effect in the extracellular environment, and thus it is not clear how they affect healthy cells. Here we show that lactic acid accumulation can impair the survival of tumor-associated macrophages. Using a multidisciplinary combination of computational and experimental methods, we show that this decreased survival can lead to spatial patterns of macrophage localization that resemble how tumor-associated macrophages distribute in real tumors. Spatial patterns can potentiate tumor growth, and thus understanding how they are formed may bring therapeutic insights.