bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorders among school children aged 13-15 years in Colombo District, Sri Lanka
Authors: De Silva Sinha , Senaviratne Sudharshi , Samaranayake Dulani 
Published: July 2024

Background: Anxiety disorders (AD) being the most prevalent psychological problem among children and adolescents remain largely unrecognized due to their nature. If untreated, AD could lead to many adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorders among children aged 13-15 years attending government Sinhala medium schools in Colombo district, Sri LankaMethods: A school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1524 children in Sinhala-medium government schools aged 13-15 years old selected by stratified cluster sampling. The presence of “any anxiety disorder” and its correlates were assessed using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire that included validated Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). Multivariable analysis with binary logistic regression was carried out using backward elimination method to determine the association between anxiety disorders and selected correlates identified at bivariate analysis at p<0.05 level.Results: The adjusted prevalence of anxiety disorders was 12.3% (95% CI: 9.8% to 14.9%) Factors significantly associated with having any anxiety disorders at the multivariable analysis included being female (OR=3.0, 95% CI:2.0-4.4,p<0.001), residing away from the family (OR= 4.6, 95%:1.2-17.8, p=0.027), low to moderate self-esteem (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.5, p=0.022), having Stress (OR=2.3, 95%, CI: 1.5-3.6, p= <0.001), having Depression (OR= 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.5, p<0.001), attending tuition classes for 5-7 days per week (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.9-4.3, p<0.001), non-engagement in sports activities (OR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.1-2.6, p=0.028), having a sibling/s less than one year of age ( OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-6.6, p=0.015), father’s low level of education (OR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.8 p=0.044) and mother engaged in foreign employment (OR=5.3 , 95% CI: 2.0-13.9,p= 0.001), having an insecure attachment style (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.8-4.0, p<0.001).Conclusions: The prevalence of AD is high in this community and is associated with multiple personal, family, and educational factors. Screening for ADs need to be considered at routine mental health services.
Crystal Structures of DNA-bound Fish IRF10 and IRF11 Reveal the Determinants of IFN Regulation
Authors: Wang Zhao-Xi , Liu Bin , Xie Haizhou , Liu Xin , Li Xiangliang , Shi Fuqiang , Ouyang Songying , Zhang Yong-An 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription factors that mediate homeostatic mechanisms of host defense against pathogens. In addition to IRF1–9, which are conserved across vertebrates, teleost fishes have two other IRFs, IRF10 and IRF11. In zebrafish (Danio rerio), IRF10 represses the expression of IFNφ1 and IFNφ3, whereas IRF11 exerts the opposite effect. In this study, we found IRF10 could significantly inhibit the expression of IFNφ1 and IFNφ3 induced by IFN11 to synergistically regulate type I IFN expression. To clarify the synergistically regulatory mechanism of IRF10 and IRF11 in type I IFN expression, we determined and analyzed the crystal structures of the DNA-binding domains (DBDs) of zebrafish IRF10 and IRF11 bound to DNA, as well as IRF11 DBD in apo form. The interactions of IRF10-DBD and IRF11-DBD with DNA backbone were elaborated in detail. Further analysis showed that IRF10 and IRF11 have the same binding patterns and comparable affinities with the IFN-sensitive response elements of IFNφ1 and IFNφ3 promoters. Therefore, IRF10 could function as a controlling factor for IRF11 by competitive binding of the IFN-sensitive response elements to coregulate the host IFN response. Accordingly, similar to IRF1 and IRF2 in mammals, IRF10 and IRF11 act as another pair of negative and positive regulators to balance the antiviral responses in fish.
Obstructive sleep apnea risk among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban primary care setting of Mangalore, India
Authors: Narayan Anusha , Raghuveer Pracheth 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an under-evaluated and under-treated problem, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, in this study, we aim to determine the risk of OSA among adults with T2DM residing in an urban area of Mangalore and to elucidate the determinants of OSA among the study participants.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 months among adult patients (≥ 18 years) with T2DM seeking health care at a primary care setting located in an urban area of Mangalore. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured proforma. STOP-BANG questionnaire was used to assess the risk of OSA among the study participants. The measurements, such as height, weight, and neck circumference, were conducted using standard techniques

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 58.12 ± 11.60 years. The majority, (58.30%), were males, and 45.0% reported a family history of T2DM. A total of 108 (60.0%) experienced loud snoring while asleep, while 149 (82.80%) experienced tiredness during daytime. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.64 ± 4.9 kg/m2, while a neck circumference of >40 cms was found in 28.90%. A total of 69 (38.30%) had a high risk of OSA with a STOP-BANG score ranging from 5 to 8, while 71 (39.40%) had a score ranging from 3 to 4 (intermediate risk). The statistically significant associations were found between age >50 years, male gender, and diabetes for ≥ 7 years and high risk of OSA (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
More than a third of the study participants had a high risk of OSA. Age > 50 years, male gender, and diabetes for ≥7 years were the factors associated with OSA.
Satisfaction of mothers with supplementary nutritional services through Anganwadi centres in an urban area of Meerut, India
Authors: Pandey Gargi , Chopra Harivansh , Bano Tanveer , Jain Seema , Singh Ganesh 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Undernutrition in children under 5 years of age is still a great public health burden. Integrated child development services (ICDS) were launched with an idea of making a dent on this age-old issue. Various studies in the past have been done to identify lacunae in the programme, but very few studies are done focussing on the satisfaction of mothers with the supplementary nutrition provided through ICDS programme. The utilisation of the programme depends on various factors, one of which is client satisfaction.

Methods and Material:
The Anganwadi centres of urban areas of Meerut were line-listed after taking a list of Anganwadis from the Child Development Office. There are 297 Anganwadis in urban areas of Meerut. With help of random number tables, three Anganwadis were selected, and to complete the sample of 152, 51 children from two Anganwadis and 50 from one Anganwadi centre were selected with help of simple random tables. The data thus collected were analysed using Epiinfo version 7.2.3.1

Results:
The prevalence of underweight was found to be 34.2%, wasted 19.7%, and stunted 11.2%. Among the characteristics assessed, a majority of mothers, 58.5%, were dissatisfied with the frequency at which supplementary nutrition was provided from the Anganwadis. All children were provided Take Home Ration, and 100.0% of mothers reported using it for all family members. Still 63.2% of mothers were unaware about the iron supplementation in childhood and only 65.8% of mothers had satisfactory handwashing practices

Conclusions:
In this study, a majority of mothers were dissatisfied with the frequency at which supplementary nutrition was provided to their children. Also, the prevalence of underweight children was significantly higher when mothers were not aware about the factors affecting nutrition in children. The Take Home Ration given for children was shared among family members in 100.0% families.
Comparative analysis of nutritional status among institutionalised and community-dwelling elderly women and its association with mental health status and cognitive function
Authors: Shakil Somaiya , Ghosh Joyeta , Singh Khusboo , Chaudhury Sudrita Roy 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Population pyramids are significantly impacted by the global phenomena of ageing. It has been reported that depression and cognitive function have an impact on the nutritional status of older adults. Depression is the most common psychiatric problem in old age, and cognitive deterioration is frequently observed in this age group.

Objective:
This descriptive and comparative study set out to compare the cognitive abilities, nutritional health and depression status of older adults who lived in community settings and in assisted living facilities.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 250 older women (125 from institutionalised old age home and 125 from community) participated in a cross-sectional study (residing at Rajarhat, Newtown area). The lengthy version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool (MNA®) was used to evaluate the participants’ nutritional status. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 30) was used to evaluate the severity of the depression. Using the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), cognitive function was assessed. Using SPSS software, the Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient were computed.

Results:
In the present study, it was observed that only 30.4% of the respondents who are community-dwelling elderly had normal MNA score, whereas 69.6% were at risk of malnutrition or already malnourished. Considering institutionalised elderly it was observed that only 7.2% were normal and 92.8% were malnourished/at risk of malnutrition. Statistically significant association was observed between nutritional status and mental health status (P = 0.00) as well as cognitive function (P = 0.00) among old age home residing elderly. Among the community-dwelling elderly mental health status has significant association with their nutritional status (P = 0.00) and cognitive function (P = 0.00) as well.

Conclusions:
Community-dwelling elderly were relatively healthy compared to old age home residents. Maintaining the nutritional, cognitive, and mental health of institutionalised and community-dwelling elderly women requires the implementation of physical and cognitive stimulation activities as well as interventions targeted at improving a healthy diet.
Cultural practices and beliefs followed for new born care in Santhal pargana - A cross sectional study
Authors: Gaur Rakhi , Kumar Rajan , Kaur Navjot , Kumar Manoj , Das Sarthak , Patel Rashmi B. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Newborn care practices and beliefs vary word-wide, country to country and region to region. These care practices play a vital role in morbidity and mortality of newborn. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the newborn care practices and beliefs of newborn care.

Methods:
Data was collected from 429 post-natal mothers, who delivered in selected government hospitals of Santhal parganas, Deoghar, Jharkhand. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data from February 2023 to April 2023.

Results:
Findings of the study are, 86.9% mothers accepted that they massage the baby with oil before bath, 89.3% participants have given breastfeeding within one hour of delivery, 93.7% have given prelacteal feeds to the newborn. Applying Heeng (Asafoetida) over the umbilicus was found a common practice to cure the abdominal pain, 70.8% accepted that they apply ashes or powder or cow dung on the umbilical cord, and 88.3% rub the dough on baby’s skin to remove excess hairs, 99.3% mothers had firm belief that hot and cold foods in their diet could harm the baby. In continuation 98.8% believed that tooth eruption is associated with diarrhoea, 95.6% are applying kajal in the eyes of new born. Majority 98.8% believed that baby’s skin should be exposed to sunlight in case of jaundice and 94% avoid dressing of new born with yellow clothes.

Conclusion:
Continuous Health Education programs must be organized in Community to Educate the people about beneficial and harmful newborn care practices, which will help to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn.
Trends of autoimmune liver disease inpatient hospitalization and mortality from 2011 to 2017: A United States nationwide analysis
Authors: Wakil Ali , Muzahim Yasameen , Awadallah Mina , Kumar Vikash , Mazzaferro Natale , Greenberg Patricia , Pyrsopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Autoimmune liver diseases (AiLD) encompass a variety of disorders that target either the liver cells (autoimmune hepatitis, AIH) or the bile ducts [(primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)]. These conditions can progress to chronic liver disease (CLD), which is characterized by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have indicated a rise in hospitalizations and associated costs for CLD in the US, but information regarding inpatient admissions specifically for AiLD remains limited.
AIM
To examine the trends and mortality of inpatient hospitalization of AiLD from 2011 to 2017.
METHODS
This study is a retrospective analysis utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) databases. All subjects admitted between 2011 and 2017 with a diagnosis of AiLD (AIH, PBC, PSC) were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) and ICD-10 codes. primary AiLD admission was defined if the first admission code was one of the AiLD codes. secondary AiLD admission was defined as having the AiLD diagnosis anywhere in the admission diagnosis (25 diagnoses). Subjects aged 21 years and older were included. The national estimates of hospitalization were derived using sample weights provided by NIS. χ 2 tests for categorical data were used. The primary trend characteristics were in-hospital mortality, hospital charges, and length of stay.
RESULTS
From 2011 to 2017, hospitalization rates witnessed a significant decline, dropping from 83263 admissions to 74850 admissions (P < 0.05). The patients hospitalized were predominantly elderly (median 53% for age > 65), mostly female (median 59%) (P < 0.05), and primarily Caucasians (median 68%) (P < 0.05). Medicare was the major insurance (median 56%), followed by private payer (median 27%) (P < 0.05). The South was the top geographical distribution for these admissions (median 33%) (P < 0.05), with most admissions taking place in big teaching institutions (median 63%) (P < 0.05). Total charges for admissions rose from 66031 in 2011 to 78987 in 2017 (P < 0.05), while the inpatient mortality rate had a median of 4.9% (P < 0.05), rising from 4.67% in 2011 to 5.43% in 2017. The median length of stay remained relatively stable, changing from 6.94 days (SD = 0.07) in 2011 to 6.51 days (SD = 0.06) in 2017 (P < 0.05). Acute renal failure emerged as the most common risk factor associated with an increased death rate, affecting nearly 68% of patients (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
AiLD-inpatient hospitalization showed a decrease in overall trends over the studied years, however there is a significant increase in financial burden on healthcare with increasing in-hospital costs along with increase in mortality of hospitalized patient with AiLD.
The Impact of Leadership Styles and Motivation on Entrepreneurial Inclinations Among Higher Education Students: Implications for Policy Development in Malaysia
Authors: Abiddin Norhasni Zainal , Ro’is Ihsan , Abidin Zahimi Zainol 
Published: July 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of leadership style and motivation on the entrepreneurial propensity of students in a public higher education institution. The research seeks to comprehend the relationship between these elements and their impact on students' inclination towards entrepreneurship.

Theoretical Framework: Based on recent research, the theoretical framework highlights the importance of transformational and transactional leadership styles, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, in influencing students' entrepreneurial tendencies. Additionally, it integrates discoveries from prior research on the correlation among motivation, leadership style, and entrepreneurial inclinations.

Method: The study used a quantitative survey approach to gather data from undergraduate students at a public higher education institution, using a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The data is examined using SPSS software, specifically using inferential analysis, notably Multiple Regression analysis, to explore the influence of leadership style and motivation on students' predisposition towards entrepreneurship.

Results and Discussion: The findings demonstrate a notable and favourable correlation between leadership style, motivation, and students' tendency towards entrepreneurship. The study reveals that motivation is the primary element that accounts for 63 percent of the variation in entrepreneurial inclinations among students. On the other hand, while leadership style also has an influence, its effect is less significant in contrast. These results emphasise the need to incorporate motivating tactics and efficient leadership techniques into educational programmes to cultivate entrepreneurial inclinations among students.

Research Implications: The research offers valuable insights for educational institutions and policymakers who seek to foster an entrepreneurial mindset in students. It highlights the importance of creating educational programmes and activities that not only teach entrepreneurial knowledge but also actively increase student enthusiasm and expose them to transformational and transactional leadership styles. These endeavours have the potential to provide a nurturing atmosphere that fosters innovation and creativity.

Originality/Value: This study enhances the current knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between leadership style, motivation, and students' inclination towards entrepreneurship in higher education institution. It offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of different leadership styles and motivational factors in promoting entrepreneurial behaviours among students.
SUM RULES FOR JACOBI MATRICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO SPECTRAL THEORY
Authors: Abdelrahman Bashir 
Published: July 2024

The study discusses the proof of and symmetric application of Cases sum rules for Jacobi matrices. Of special interest is a linear combination of these sum rules which have strictly positive terms. The complete classification of the spectral measure of all Jacobi matrices J for which J-J0 is Hilbert space -Achmidt. The study shows the bound of a Jacobi matrix. The description for the point and absolutely continuous spectrum, while for the singular continuous spectrum additional assumptions are needed. The study shows and prove a bound of a Jacobi matrix. And we give complete description for the point and absolutely continuous spectrum, while for the singular continuous spectrum additional assumptions are needed, we prove a characterization of a characteristic function of a row contraction operator and verify its defect operator. We also prove a commutability of an operator of this row contraction.
A Case Study on Determining the Sequence of Prime Numbers in Fulfillment of Millennium Prize Problems from Clay Mathematics Institute
Authors: Maguru Patrick 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: I have been serving as a civil servant in the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, department of Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI). Over the years, I developed a flare for research as a result of liaising at work for many years with various research programs that have been complementarily successful. After leaving KEFRI, I became instigated to come up with an idea that could bring a solution to one of the unsolved millennium prize problems hence, the research on the sequence of prime numbers. The seven millennium problems were selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in the year 2000 to record as the most difficult problems, sequence of prime numbers being among them. This study is meant to bridge the gap that has been there for a long time which would be a pertinent thing to alleviate distress that has prevailed for quite some time to mathematicians.
Methodology: Using a structured interview, about two hundred people from diverse back ground were selected with a view to gauging them on their understanding towards prime numbers and their sequence. Those who were targeted in the survey were a group of elites both retired and in-service officers like teachers, accountants as well as students both for high school as well as those in higher learning institutions. The survey was conducted in a span of six months, from September 2023 to February 2024. Even though most of the people were not willing to disclose their names since the issue of prime numbers seems to be a bit difficulty and confusing to them, this did not hinder me from conducting on the survey I substituted their names with numbers, numbering them from number 1 to 200 respectively.
Findings: Majority of the people have an impression that since the sequence of prime numbers does not have a wholesome related movement like even and odd numbers, this made them think that prime numbers have no sequence. Such assumptions need not be embraced at all since, the sequence of prime numbers is determined by the intervals that are between numbers no matter how big or small the gaps are.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Since mathematicians proclaim that prime numbers in certain sense are the building blocks of the natural numbers and help in solving problems, this study would act as a reinforcement to back up what mathematical researchers could be having at hand. This study is meant to bridge the gap that was noted by the Clay Mathematic Institute. Any idea that may come across needs to be embraced and if possible, documented or incorporated in school syllabus and review done from time to time once a new idea crops up.
Taller de animación: solidaridad, compromiso y participación social. Estudio de caso
Authors: García Rams María Susana 
Published: July 2024

El taller de animación permite la interacción y la cooperación muy cercana de diversas personas en el proceso de creación, y con ello, constituye una herramienta extraordinaria para desde el audiovisual fomentar la solidaridad, el compromiso y la participación en lo social. La animación bajo cámara, amplia esta interconexión de participantes, al estar en relación, incluso en el proceso de captura de las imágenes generadas y en el visionado de resultados. Además, las historias autobiográficas individuales o de colectivos en animación, permiten su reinterpretación a través de metáforas y símbolos visuales, lo que tiene un relevante y significativo poder terapéutico y mediador, tanto del sujeto protagonista y creador de la historia, como en los que generan el discurso visual con la elaboración y manipulación de las imágenes. El Taller de relatos orales de migración y autoafirmación en femenino que presentamos como estudio de caso, fundamentado en los testimonios de cinco mujeres que sufrieron violencia machista de la Asociación Alanna, constituye un exitoso ejemplo de esto, con la realización colectiva de cinco animaciones, implicadas las protagonistas en todo el proceso, junto a otros participantes y jóvenes animadoras. El objetivo substancial de esta iniciativa era dar a conocer la situación psíquica de las mujeres que sufren víctimas de violencia de género y sus variantes, dándoles la oportunidad de ser artífices de sus propios relatos. Este objetivo se consiguió no solo a través del taller y los vínculos generados, sino también con la difusión de los resultados, reivindicando la memoria personal y la colectiva de todas ellas. A partir de estas iniciativas en animación, se pueden generar nuevas herramientas para superar los traumas generados en los conflictos, elaborando nuevos modelos de relación y acción solidarios, comprometidos y de transferencia desde la animación y la universidad a la sociedad.