bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of acute pancreatitis in the elderly Chinese population: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Hong , Wang Li , Shi Yi Hai , Sui Guang Tao , Wu Yun Fei , Lu Xin Qing , Li Mei Yu , Xia Qing , Bian Xiao Xia , Li Hai Hua , Qian Jia Ming 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveLifestyle changes have led to an increasing incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) in China. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between lifestyle as well as medical history and AP in the elderly population and to provide evidence towards the prevention against AP.MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China. A total of 23 294 residents aged ≥55 years were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on participants' characteristics, lifestyle and medical history via a face‐to‐face interview, and compared these data with the medical chart.ResultsIn total, 45 participants had been diagnosed with AP, that is, a prevalence of 0.19%. No significant differences were observed with respect to their age, gender, marital status or body mass index (BMI) in participants with and without AP. However, those were better educated were more likely to develop AP (P = 0.005). The univariate analysis showed that a high meat intake, smoking, alcohol consumption and a medical history of gallstones were associated with a significant increase in the risk of developing AP (P < 0.05). Furthermore, smoking or alcohol consumption was dose‐dependently associated with the risk of AP, particularly in those who smoked at least 15 pack‐years or consumed ≥56.2 drinks per year. Multivariable logistics analysis suggested that the level of education, smoking and medical history of gallstone are independent risk factors for AP.ConclusionsOur study indicated that a higher education level, smoking, alcohol consumption and history of gallstones may be potential risk factors for AP in the elderly in northeast China.
Identification of species and materia medica within Angelica L. (Umbelliferae) based on phylogeny inferred from DNA barcodes
Authors: Yuan Qing‐Jun , Zhang Bin , Jiang Dan , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Lin Tsai‐Yun , Wang Nian‐He , Chiou Shu‐Jiau , Huang Lu‐Qi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDNA barcodes have been increasingly used in authentication of medicinal plants, while their wide application in materia medica is limited in their accuracy due to incomplete sampling of species and absence of identification for materia medica. In this study, 95 leaf accessions of 23 species (including one variety) and materia medica of three Pharmacopoeia‐recorded species of Angelica in China were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of four DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK, trnH‐psbA and ITS). Our results showed that ITS provided the best discriminatory power by resolving 17 species as monophyletic lineages without shared alleles and exhibited the largest barcoding gap among the four single barcodes. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS showed that Levisticum officinale and Angelica sinensis were sister taxa, which indicates that L. officinale should be considered as a species of Angelica. The combination of ITS + rbcL + matK + trnH‐psbA performed slight better discriminatory power than ITS, recovering 23 species without shared alleles and 19 species as monophyletic clades in ML tree. Authentication of materia medica using ITS revealed that the decoction pieces of A. sinensis and A. biserrata were partially adulterated with those of L. officinale, and the temperature around 80 °C processing A. dahurica decoction pieces obviously reduced the efficiency of PCR and sequencing. The examination of two cultivated varieties of A. dahurica from different localities indicated that the four DNA barcodes are inefficient for discriminating geographical authenticity of conspecific materia medica. This study provides an empirical paradigm in identification of medicinal plants and their materia medica using DNA barcodes.
Genome assembly and annotation of a Drosophila simulans strain from Madagascar
Authors: Palmieri Nicola , Nolte Viola , Chen Jun , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDrosophila simulans is a close relative of the genetic model D. melanogaster. Its worldwide distribution in combination with the absence of segregating chromosomal inversions makes this species an increasingly attractive model to study the molecular signatures of adaptation in natural and experimental populations. In an effort to improve the genomic resources for D. simulans, we assembled and annotated the genome of a strain originating from Madagascar (M252), the ancestral range of D. simulans. The comparison of the M252 genome to other available D. simulans assemblies confirmed its high quality, but also highlighted genomic regions that are difficult to assemble with NGS data. The annotation of M252 provides a clear improvement with alternative splicing for 52% of the multiple‐exon genes, UTRs for 70% of the genes, 225 novel genes and 781 pseudogenes being reported. We anticipate that the M252 genome will be a valuable resource for many research questions.
Incorporating Standardized Nursing Languages Into an Electronic Nursing Documentation System in Korea: A Pilot Study
Authors: Park Hyejin , Lee Eunjoo 
Published: June 2014

PurposeThe purposes of this study were to (a) develop and implement a standardized nursing languages‐based electronic nursing documentation system in Korea, and (b) explore nurses' experience with NANDA‐I, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Nursing Outcomes Classification languages in relation to nursing workflow.MethodsThe system was developed by the research team and implemented in a tertiary hospital in Korea. Ten nurses used the system and interviews were conducted to explore nurses' experiences with the standardized nursing languages.FindingsThe most frequently used NANDA‐I, Nursing Interventions Classification, and Nursing Outcomes Classification were identified. Nurses' experiences with standardized nursing languages and how they impact nursing workflow were analyzed.Conclusions and ImplicationsObtaining valid and comparable data from this system will be critical in improving patient safety, quality, and evidence‐based practice.
Student Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Dying Patients in Central Anatolia
Authors: Arslan Dilek , Akca Nazan Kilic , Simsek Nuray , Zorba Pinar 
Published: June 2014

PurposeThis study was descriptively conducted to explore attitudes of nursing students related to caring for dying patients in central Anatolia.MethodsThe study was completed with 222 third‐year students of nursing school originating from three universities in Turkey.ResultIt was explored that Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD) scores of the students who had previously cared for terminal patients at the clinics were significantly higher, and the scores of those who regarded themselves as nonbeliever in terms of religion were significantly lower (p < .05).ConclusionIt was seen that nursing students’ FATCOD scores were at a moderate level.Implications for nursing practiceWe are of the opinion that it will be helpful that nursing students should be trained about the care for dying patients during their formal education.AmaçBu çalışma Orta Anadolu'daki hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ölmekte olan bireye bakım vermeye ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemek amacı ile tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı.Gereç Ve YöntemBu çalışma, Türkiye'deki üç üniversitenin üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf hemşirelik bölümü 222 öğrencisiyle tamamlandı. Veriler öğrenci bilgi formu ve Frommelt Ölmekte Olan Bireye Bakım Vermeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (FATCOD) ile toplandı. Mann‐Whitney U ve Kruskal‐Wallis testi kullanıldı.BulgularDaha önce kliniklerde terminal dönemdeki hastalara bakım veren öğrencilerin FATCOD ölçek puanlarının anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu ve öğrencilerden kendini dini açıdan inançsız olarak ifade edenlerin puanları da anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu (p < .05).SonuçHemşirelik öğrencilerinin FATCOD puanlarının orta düzeyde olduğu saptandı.Hemsirelik Uygulamalari Için ÖnerilerHemşirelik öğrencilerine eğitimleri süresince ölmekte olan bireyin bakımına ilişkin eğitimlerin verilmesinin yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Major complications of epidural anesthesia: a prospective study of 5083 cases at a single hospital
Authors: KANG X.‐H. , BAO F.‐P. , XIONG X.‐X. , LI M. , JIN T.‐T. , SHAO J. , ZHU S.‐M. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundWe undertook a prospective study of non‐obstetric epidurals placed in surgical inpatients at a single teaching hospital to evaluate the incidence of and potential risk factors for major complications of continuous epidural anesthesia.MethodsDemographic information, details of the epidural procedure, and complications (from the pre‐anesthetic period through resolution) were recorded for more than 5000 surgical inpatients who underwent continuous epidural anesthesia in our institution between March 2009 and April 2011. The incidence of and risk factors for major complications were evaluated.ResultsDuring the study period, 5083 patients were interviewed and their details were recorded (98% capture rate). Sixty‐nine (1.36%) experienced major complications: epidural hematoma in 1 patient (0.02%), post‐operative neurologic deficits in 57 patients (1.12%), post‐dural puncture headache in 7 patients (0.14%), and systemic local anesthetic toxicity in 4 patients (0.08%). Only one patient had permanent sequelae: unilateral lower limb paresthesia. Identified risk factors for neurologic deficits were as follows: American Society of Anesthesiologists status II–III, siting in the lumbar region, orthopedic and urologic surgery, multiple attempts to site an epidural, paresthesia during insertion, a history of neuraxial anesthesia, and use of patient‐controlled epidural analgesia.ConclusionsSerious complications were very rare; only one patient had permanent sequelae, and a single epidural hematoma was diagnosed. Post‐operative neurologic deficits were more common, but most complications resolved spontaneously within 3 months and they rarely required intervention.
Neurofunctional changes in adolescent cannabis users with and without bipolar disorder
Authors: Bitter Samantha M. , Adler Caleb M. , Eliassen James C. , Weber Wade A. , Welge Jeffrey A. , Burciaga Joaquin , Shear Paula K. , Strakowski Stephen M. , DelBello Melissa P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsTo compare regional brain activation among adolescents with bipolar disorder and co‐occurring cannabis use disorder.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingCincinnati, OH, USA.ParticipantsAdolescents with bipolar disorder (BP, n = 14), adolescents with cannabis use disorder (MJ, n = 13), adolescents with co‐occurring cannabis use and bipolar disorders (BPMJ, n = 25) and healthy adolescents (HC, n = 15).MeasurementsCannabis craving, substance use, Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal assessed by the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ), Teen‐Addiction Severity Index (T‐ASI) and a cannabis cue–reactivity task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session, respectively.FindingsThe BP group exhibited significantly greater brain activation than the BPMJ group in the right amygdala (F = 4.14, P = 0.046), left nucleus accumbens (F = 3.8, P = 0.02), left thalamus (F = 3.8, P < 0.05) and the right thalamus (F = 6.2, P = 0.02). The BP group exhibited significantly greater activation than the HC group in the left nucleus accumbens (F = 11.5, P = 0.0001), right thalamus (F = 4.9, P = 0.03) and the left striatum (F = 3.6, P = 0.04). Left amygdala activation of the BPMJ group trended towards being significantly negatively correlated with the number of joints smoked (R = −0.4, P = 0.06).ConclusionsBipolar adolescents with comorbid cannabis use do not exhibit the same over‐activation of the regions involved in emotional processing as seen in adolescents with bipolar disorder alone. The absence of these findings in patients with comorbid bipolar and cannabis use disorders suggests that these individuals may have a unique endophenotype of bipolar disorder or that cannabis use may alter brain activation uniquely in bipolar disorder patients who use cannabis.
Efficacy of brief motivational interviewing on smoking cessation at tuberculosis clinics in Tshwane, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Louwagie Goedele M. C. , Okuyemi Kolawole S. , Ayo‐Yusuf Olalekan A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsTuberculosis (TB) patients who smoke risk adverse TB outcomes and other long‐term health effects of smoking. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of brief motivational interviewing by lay health‐care workers (LHCWs) in assisting TB patients to quit smoking.DesignMulti‐centre two‐group parallel individual randomized controlled trial.SettingSix primary care tuberculosis clinics in a South African township.ParticipantsNewly diagnosed adult TB patients identified as current smokers were randomized to brief motivational interviewing by a LHCW (intervention group, n = 205) or brief smoking cessation advice from a TB nurse (control group, n = 204).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was self‐reported sustained 6‐month smoking abstinence. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) testing was offered to about half the participants. Secondary outcomes were sustained abstinence at 3 months; 7‐day point prevalence abstinence at 1, 3 and 6 months; and quit attempts. Allocation was concealed. Primary analysis relied on intention to treat. Multi‐level analysis accounted for site heterogeneity of effect.FindingsSelf‐reported 6‐month sustained abstinence was 21.5% for the intervention group versus 9.3% for the control group [relative risk (RR) = 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34, 3.92]. Biochemically verified 6‐month sustained abstinence was also higher in the intervention group (RR 2.21, 95% CI = 1.08, 4.51) for the 166 participants who were offered carbon monoxide testing. Self‐reported 3‐month sustained abstinence was 25.4% for the intervention group and 12.8% for the control group (RR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.24, 3.18).ConclusionsMotivational interviewing by lay counsellors to promote smoking cessation in tuberculosis patients in South Africa approximately doubled sustained smoking abstinence for at least 6 months compared with brief advice alone.
Flowcytometric diagnosis of atracurium‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Uyttebroek A. P. , Sabato V. , Leysen J. , Bridts C. H. , De Clerck L. S. , Ebo D. G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundAllergy to atracurium is a rare condition with serious consequences of diagnostic error. However, correct diagnosis is not always straightforward. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of the basophil activation test (BAT) in atracurium sensitization and to investigate its role in identifying cross‐reactivity between muscle relaxants.MethodsFor validation, eight patients with perioperative anaphylaxis to atracurium and seven individuals experiencing perioperative anaphylaxis but not exposed to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) were included. Furthermore, five other patient groups were included in the study, and all individuals exposed to different NMBA, either sensitized or not to the drug. Basophil activation with atracurium was analysed flow cytometrically.ResultsROC analyses between eight atracurium‐sensitized patients and seven nonexposed controls allowed identification of 5% as the decision threshold for BAT positivity. For this cutoff, the BAT attained a sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 70%. Of the atracurium‐exposed individuals with a negative atracurium skin test (ST), two individuals had a clear positive BAT. BAT atracurium was positive in one cisatracurium‐sensitized patient and negative in all cisatracurium‐exposed patients with a negative ST to cisatracurium. All rocuronium‐ and suxamethonium‐sensitized patients displayed a negative BAT with atracurium.ConclusionsThe BAT proves to be a useful diagnostic for atracurium‐induced anaphylaxis and may be complementary to STs. The technique enables quick and simultaneous testing of potentially crossreactive NMBA and the identification of safe alternatives for future surgery.
Effect of socioeconomic position on patient outcome after hysterectomy
Authors: Daugbjerg Signe B. , Cesaroni Giulia , Ottesen Bent , Diderichsen Finn , Osler Merete 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between socioeconomic position (assessed by education, employment and income) and complications following hysterectomy and assess the role of lifestyle, co‐morbidity and clinical conditions on the relationship.DesignRegister‐based cohort study.Setting and populationThe study included nearly all Danish women (n = 22 150) registered with a benign elective hysterectomy in the Danish Hysterectomy Database in 2004–2008.MethodsData were analyzed using logistic regression models estimating the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.Main outcome measuresComplications following hysterectomy.ResultsSeventeen percent of the women experienced complications in relation to the hysterectomy. Women with less than high school education and unemployed women had higher odds of infection, complications and readmission than women with more than high school education and employed women. Furthermore, unemployed women had higher odds of hospitalization >4 days than women in employment. Lifestyle factors (smoking and body mass index) and co‐morbidity status seemed to explain most of the social differences. However, an association between women with less than high school education and all complications remained unexplained. Furthermore, differences in lifestyle and co‐morbidity status only partially explained the higher odds of infection, complications and hospitalization >4 days for unemployed than employed women.ConclusionWomen with a low socioeconomic position have significantly higher odds of complications following hysterectomy compared with women with a high socioeconomic position. Unhealthy lifestyle and presence of co‐morbidity in women with low socioeconomic position partially explains the differences in complications.
Investigation of mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between macitentan, a novel endothelin receptor antagonist, and sildenafil in healthy subjects
Authors: Sidharta Patricia N. , van Giersbergen Paul L. M. , Wolzt Michael , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: June 2014

AimTo study the mutual pharmacokinetic interactions between macitentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, and sildenafil in healthy male subjects.MethodsIn this open‐label, randomized, three way crossover study, 12 healthy male subjects received the following oral treatments: A) a loading dose of 30 mg macitentan on day 1 followed by 10 mg once daily for 3 days, B) sildenafil 20 mg three times a day for 3 days and a single 20 mg dose on day 4 and C) both treatments A and B concomitantly. Plasma concentration−time profiles of macitentan and its active metabolite ACT‐132577 (treatments A and C) and sildenafil and its N‐desmethyl metabolite (treatments B and C) were determined on day 4 and analyzed non‐compartmentally.ResultsThe pharmacokinetics of macitentan were not affected by sildenafil. In the presence of sildenafil Cmax and AUCτ of the metabolite ACT‐132577 decreased with geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval (CI)) of 0.82 (0.76, 0.89) and 0.85 (90% CI 0.80, 0.91), respectively. In the presence of macitentan, plasma concentrations of sildenafil were higher than during treatment with sildenafil alone, resulting in increased Cmax and AUCτ values. The respective geometric mean ratios were 1.26 (90% CI 1.07, 1.48) and 1.15 (90% CI 0.94, 1.41). The pharmacokinetics of N‐desmethylsildenafil were not affected by macitentan. All treatments were well tolerated.ConclusionA minor, not clinically relevant, pharmacokinetic interaction was observed between macitentan and sildenafil. Based on these results, no dose adjustment of either compound appears necessary during concomitant treatment with macitentan and sildenafil.
The impact of co‐administration of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast in healthy volunteers
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhou Simon , Wan Yuntao , Wu Anfan , Palmisano Maria 
Published: June 2014

AimsTwo clinical studies were conducted to determine possible drug−drug interactions between apremilast and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole, or a potent CYP3A4 inducer, rifampicin. The main objectives of these two studies were to evaluate the impact of multiple doses of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast and its metabolites, and the effect of multiple oral doses of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast.MethodsThese single centre, open label, sequential treatment studies in healthy subjects included two treatment periods for ketoconazole and three treatment periods for rifampicin. Apremilast was administered as a 20 mg (ketoconazole study) or 30 mg (rifampicin study) single oral dose.ResultsKetoconazole increases overall exposure (AUC(0,∞)) of apremilast by ≈36% (2827 vs. 2072 ng ml−1 h, 90% CI = 126.2, 147.5) and peak exposure (Cmax) by 5% (247 vs. 236 ng ml−1). Multiple doses of rifampicin increase apremilast clearance ≈3.6‐fold and decrease apremilast mean AUC(0,∞) by ≈72% (3120 vs. 869 ng ml−1 h, 90% CI = 25.7, 30.4) and Cmax (from 290 vs. 166 ng ml−1) relative to that of apremilast given alone. A 30 min intravenous infusion of rifampicin 600 mg had negligible effects on the overall exposure (AUC(0,∞)) of apremilast (2980 vs. 3120 ng ml−1 h, 90% CI = 88.0, 104.1).ConclusionKetoconazole slightly decreased apremilast clearance, resulting in a small increase in AUC which is probably not meaningful clinically. However, the effect of CYP3A4 induction by rifampicin on apremilast clearance is much more pronounced than that of CYP3A4 inhibition by ketoconazole. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may result in a loss of efficacy of apremilast because of decreased drug exposure.
Incidence and relative risk of grade 3 and 4 diarrhoea in patients treated with capecitabine or 5‐fluorouracil: a meta‐analysis of published trials
Authors: Iacovelli Roberto , Pietrantonio Filippo , Palazzo Antonella , Maggi Claudia , Ricchini Francesca , de Braud Filippo , Di Bartolomeo Maria 
Published: June 2014

AimCapecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine that can effectively replace infusional 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) for treatment of colorectal, gastric and breast cancer. This study aims to analyze the incidence and the relative risk of grade 3 and 4 diarrhoea in patients treated with capecitabine or 5‐FU in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).MethodsMEDLINE and Cochrane Library were reviewed for RCTs that compared capecitabine with 5‐FU for treatment of solid malignancies. The incidence and relative risk (RR) of grade 3/4 diarrhoea were estimated for each arm in the overall population and in colorectal cancer (CRC) patientsResultsTwenty‐three studies and 15 761 patients were included. Among these 8303 and 7458 patients received capecitabine or 5‐FU based therapies, respectively. In the overall populations severe diarrhoea was reported in 16.6% (95% CI 15.8, 17.4) and in 12.7% (95% CI 11.9, 13.4) of patients treated with capecitabine or 5‐FU‐based therapies, respectively. The RR was 1.39 (95% CI 1.14, 1.69, P = 0.0010). In 14 899 CRC patients, the incidence of severe diarrhoea was 17.0% (95% CI 16.2, 17.9) and 12.9% (95% CI 12.1, 13.7), respectively, with a RR of 1.46 (95% CI 1.18, 1.81, P < 0.0001). In CRC patients treated with combined chemotherapy, the RR was 1.40 (95% CI 1.07, 1.82; P = 0.01) for patients receiving oxaliplatin and 2.35 (95% CI 1.76, 3.13; P < 0.0001) for patients receiving irinotecan.ConclusionsTreatment with capecitabine is characterized by an increased risk of severe diarrhoea, mainly in patients affected by CRC and treated with polichemotherapy. Combination treatment with irinotecan doubles the risk over 5‐FU.