bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal gut microbiome dynamics in relation to age and senescence in a wild animal population
Authors: Worsley Sarah F. , Davies Charli S. , Lee Chuen Zhang , Mannarelli Maria‐Elena , Burke Terry , Komdeur Jan , Dugdale Hannah L. , Richardson David S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn humans, gut microbiome (GM) differences are often correlated with, and sometimes causally implicated in, ageing. However, it is unclear how these findings translate in wild animal populations. Studies that investigate how GM dynamics change within individuals, and with declines in physiological condition, are needed to fully understand links between chronological age, senescence and the GM, but have rarely been done. Here, we use longitudinal data collected from a closed population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) to investigate how bacterial GM alpha diversity, composition and stability are associated with host senescence. We hypothesised that GM diversity and composition will differ, and become more variable, in older adults, particularly in the terminal year prior to death, as the GM becomes increasingly dysregulated due to senescence. However, GM alpha diversity and composition remained largely invariable with respect to adult age and did not differ in an individual's terminal year. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the GM became more heterogenous in senescent age groups (individuals older than 6 years), or in the terminal year. Instead, environmental variables such as season, territory quality and time of day, were the strongest predictors of GM variation in adult Seychelles warblers. These results contrast with studies on humans, captive animal populations and some (but not all) studies on non‐human primates, suggesting that GM deterioration may not be a universal hallmark of senescence in wild animal species. Further work is needed to disentangle the factors driving variation in GM‐senescence relationships across different host taxa.
Erich Przywara and Edith Stein: A Dissimilarity within Similarity
Authors: Scerri Carl 
Published: July 2024

AbstractErich Przywara and Edith Stein were not only two of the leading Catholic intellectuals of the first half of the twentieth century, but also friends and confidants. This article explores the similarities and dissimilarities between their respective views on analogy. It also explains why so little of their correspondence has survived. Most importantly, this article presents a previously unknown poem co‐authored by the two thinkers, which was discovered in the Przywara Archive. This is their only known cowritten document, and opens a window on the ideas, spiritualities, and personalities of both Przywara and Stein.
Ecological determinants of leishmaniasis vector, Lutzomyia spp.: A scoping review
Authors: DeWinter Sydney , Shahin Keana , Fernandez‐Prada Christopher , Greer Amy L. , Weese J. Scott , Clow Katie M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeishmania spp. are zoonotic parasites transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, including those of the Lutzomyia genus, which can cause leishmaniases in both humans and dogs. Lutzomyia spp. are established in many countries in South and Central America and some areas of the southern United States, with suspected potential of these vectors to undergo further range expansion due to climate change. A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines to describe the current state of knowledge on the key ecological factors associated with Lutzomyia spp. survival, reproduction and establishment. The following electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from 1 January 1990, to the date of search, 26 April 2023: CAB Direct (CABI), MEDLINE (via Ovid), Biological Sciences Database and Environmental Sciences Database. Primary research articles that were available in English and focused on ecological factors associated with Lutzomyia spp., such as climatic and habitat factors, geographic range, seasonality and temporality, and host abundance, were eligible for inclusion in the study. Following de‐duplication, a total of 167 studies were included in Level 1 screening, 64 studies were included in Level 2 screening and 31 studies met the criteria for data extraction. Study locations included Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, the United States, Mexico and Canada, with some studies including multiple regions. A total of 31 different Lutzomyia spp. were assessed across these studies, with most (51.6%) of the studies focused on Lutzomyia longipalpis. Eligible studies investigated factors such as seasonality (n = 5), temperature (n = 19), precipitation (n = 13), humidity (n = 2), vegetation presence or requirements (n = 13), ecotypes (n = 7), and/or community type (i.e., urban, suburban, rural) (n = 5). Lutzomyia spp. activity was found to be higher during the rainy season, and peak when temperatures were between 20 and 25°C. Lutzomyia spp. were also found to preferentially reside in tropical or subtropical forests, which are characterised by their lack of a distinct dry season and high precipitation. This scoping review summarised the current state of the literature on the ecological factors associated with the survival, activity and reproduction of Lutzomyia spp. While there appears to be some consensus in the literature regarding some ecological requirements (such as seasonality, temperature and habitat features), overall, there is a lack of published research in this topic. This poses a significant challenge for future studies, which aim to predict the future distribution of Lutzomyia spp. in the context of climate and land use changes. Additional ecological research is urgently needed on Lutzomyia spp. given their relevance to both human and animal health.
Rhodojaponin VI ameliorates podocyte injury related with MDM2/Notch1 pathway in rat experimental membranous nephropathy
Authors: Song Anni , Yan Ruiwei , Qiu Yue , Yin Xingjie , Xiong Jing , Yao Guangmin , Zhang Chun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimRhodojaponin VI (R‐VI) is the key compound of Rhododendron molle G. Don (Ericaceae) (RM) with effective clinical application in rheumatoid arthritis and chronic glomerulonephritis. In our study, we tried to explore the effect of R‐VI on the rat model of membranous nephropathy.MethodsThe rat model of passive heymann nephritis (PHN) was established by injecting sheep anti‐rat Fx1A serum at a single dose through the tail. The rats were orally administered R‐VI (0.02 mg/kg) or FK506 (1 mg/kg) 1 day before PHN induction, which was kept for 4 weeks. Urine and blood samples as well as kidney tissue were collected for analysis. C5b‐9‐induced human podocyte cell (HPC) was employed for experiments in vitro.ResultsR‐VI could alleviate glomerulonephritis progression and podocyte injury in PHN rats, as indicated by the decreased proteinuria and the elevated level of albumin, accompanied with reduced immune deposits, reversed podocyte injury in the kidneys. Furthermore, R‐VI suppressed murine double minute 2 (MDM2) expression without the alteration in the protein level of p53 and decreased Notch1 expression independent of Numb regulation. Pre‐treatment with R‐VI in C5b‐9‐induced HPC blocked MDM2/Notch1 signalling pathway.ConclusionThus, R‐VI ameliorates podocyte injury in rats with PHN, which was probably related with MDM2/Notch1 signalling pathway.image
Unravelling the unusual: chromosome elimination, nondisjunction and extra pollen mitosis characterize the B chromosome in wild sorghum
Authors: Karafiátová Miroslava , Bojdová Tereza , Stejskalová Magdaléna , Harnádková Natália , Kumar Vinod , Houben Andreas , Chen Jianyong , Doležalová Alžběta , Honys David , Bartoš Jan 
Published: July 2024

Summary

The B chromosomes exhibit diverse behaviour compared with conventional genetic models. The capacity of the B chromosome either to accumulate or to be eliminated in a tissue‐specific manner is dependent on biological processes related to aberrant cell division(s), but here yet remains compatible with normal development.

We studied B chromosome elimination in Sorghum purpureosericeum embryos through cryo‐sections and demonstrated the B chromosome instability during plant growth using flow cytometry, molecular markers and fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques. Consequently, using B chromosome‐specific probes we revealed the non‐Mendelian inheritance of B chromosomes in developing pollen.

We disclosed that the occurrence of the B chromosome is specific to certain tissues or organs. The distribution pattern is mainly caused by an extensive elimination that functions primarily during embryo development and persists throughout plant development. Furthermore, we described that B chromosome accumulation can occur either by nondisjunction at first pollen mitosis (PMI) or the initiation of extra nuclear division(s) during pollen development.

Our study demonstrates the existence of a not‐yet‐fully described B chromosome drive process, which is likely under the control of the B chromosome.
The Impact of Firm Technology on Carbon Disclosure: The Critical Role of Stakeholder Pressure
Authors: Adetutu Morakinyo O. , Odusanya Kayode A. , Stathopoulou Eleni , Weyman‐Jones Thomas G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe demand for transparency about the microeconomic sources of environmental pollution has surged recently, causing carbon disclosure to rise to the top of the global climate change discourse. In this study, we empirically investigate how the environmental performance of firm production technologies shapes their voluntary carbon disclosure behaviour and how key stakeholders influence the performance‐disclosure relationship. Using a panel of 1,547 firms across 24 countries covering 2006–20, we find that firms with the most efficient technologies for reducing emissions tend to disclose their carbon impact, especially when they face more stringent environmental regulations. These high‐performing firms demonstrate a tendency for non‐disclosure when faced with intense shareholder and environmental activist pushback against pollution. Our findings also highlight the existence of a profitability penalty for transparent high‐efficiency firms relative to comparable firms that adopt strategic silence.
Synergism of ApoE4 and systemic infectious burden is mediated by the APOE‐NLRP3 axis in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Xue‐Ting , Chen Xiu , Zhao Na , Geng Fan , Zhu Meng‐Meng , Ren Qing‐Guo 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundSystemic infections are associated with the development of AD, especially in individuals carrying the APOE4 genotype. However, the detailed mechanism through which APOE4 affects microglia inflammatory response remains unclear.MethodsWe obtained human snRNA‐seq data from the Synapse AD Knowledge Portal and assessed the DEGs between APOE3 and APOE4 isoforms in microglia. To verify the interaction between ApoE and infectious products, we used ApoE to stimulate in vitro and in vivo models in the presence or absence of LPS (or ATP). The NLRP3 gene knockout experiment was performed to demonstrate whether the APOE‐NLRP3 axis was indispensable for microglia to regulate inflammation and mitochondrial autophagy. Results were evaluated by biochemical analyses and fluorescence imaging.ResultsCompared with APOE3, up‐regulated genes in APOE4 gene carriers were involved in pro‐inflammatory responses. ApoE4‐stimulation significantly increased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasomes and ROS in microglia. Moreover, compared with ApoE4 alone, the co‐incubation of ApoE4 with LPS (or ATP) markedly promoted pyroptosis. Both NF‐κB activation and mitochondrial autophagy dysfunction were contributed by the increased level of NLRP3 inflammasomes induced by ApoE4. Furthermore, the pathological impairment induced by ApoE4 could be reversed by NLRP3 KO.ConclusionsOur study highlights the importance of NLRP3 inflammasomes in linking ApoE4 with microglia innate immune function. These findings not only provide a molecular basis for APOE4‐mediated neuroinflammatory but also reveal the potential reason for the increased risk of AD in APOE4 gene carriers after contracting infectious diseases.
Realizing the clinical utility of saliva for monitoring oral diseases
Authors: Ebersole Jeffrey L. , Hasturk Hatice , Huber Michaell , Gellibolian Robert , Markaryan Adam , Zhang Xiaohua D. , Miller Craig S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the era of personalized/precision health care, additional effort is being expended to understand the biology and molecular mechanisms of disease processes. How these mechanisms are affected by individual genetics, environmental exposures, and behavioral choices will encompass an expanding role in the future of optimally preventing and treating diseases. Considering saliva as an important biological fluid for analysis to inform oral disease detection/description continues to expand. This review provides an overview of saliva as a diagnostic fluid and the features of various biomarkers that have been reported. We emphasize the use of salivary biomarkers in periodontitis and transport the reader through extant literature, gaps in knowledge, and a structured approach toward validating and determine the utility of biomarkers in periodontitis. A summation of the findings support the likelihood that a panel of biomarkers including both host molecules and specific microorganisms will be required to most effectively identify risk for early transition to disease, ongoing disease activity, progression, and likelihood of response to standard periodontal therapy. The goals would be to develop predictive algorithms that serve as adjunctive diagnostic tools which provide the clinician and patient important information for making informed clinical decisions.
Association of genomic prediction for twin pregnancies with the incidence of double ovulation in primiparous dairy cows
Authors: Garcia‐Ispierto Irina , Pal Prasanna , Ganau Sergi , López‐Gatius Fernando 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwin pregnancies compromise the health and well‐being of dairy cattle. A recent genomic prediction model for twin pregnancies has been developed based on twin calving or abortion. However, the incidence of double ovulation is significantly higher than that of twin births. This study aimed to evaluate whether genomic prediction values for twin pregnancies are associated with the incidence of double ovulation in primiparous dairy cows. Factors influencing the double ovulation rate were analysed using binary logistic regression on 676 cows: 475 (70.3%) inseminated at spontaneous estrus and 201 following one of two different estrus synchronization protocols for fixed‐time artificial insemination (FTAI). The odds ratio for double ovulations was 0.92 (p = .002) per unit increase in prediction value and 2 (p = .01) for cows subjected to an FTAI protocol. Our findings suggest that genomic prediction values for twin pregnancies can effectively identify the risk of double ovulation at the herd level.
Reflexive EU environmental law: Exploring divergence in the French and German transposition of the Single‐use Plastics Directive
Authors: Ross Violet , de Almeida Lucila , van Leeuwen Judith , van Zeben Josephine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReflexive environmental law (REL) techniques create potential for reflexivity by regulated companies. This reflexivity is fundamental to overcoming various regulatory hurdles posed by complex and dynamic sustainability challenges, such as plastics circularity. However, even when European Union (EU) environmental legislation incorporates REL techniques, Member State transposition may either undermine or enhance these techniques' potential for driving regulatee reflexivity. This article examines REL's evolution within complex, transnational legislative frameworks, taking the EU's Single‐use Plastics Directive (SUPD) as a case study. It compares reflexivity techniques in the SUPD to those in transpositions by France and Germany. Our analysis is based on the coding of 11 REL techniques and three overarching reflexive drivers—autonomy, accountability and adjustability—within four SUPD instruments. Identifying divergence in REL between the SUPD and Member State transpositions allows us to highlight three explanations as to why REL evolves in certain ways through the transposition process.
Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand clinical practice guideline on adult home oxygen therapy
Authors: McDonald Christine F. , Serginson John , AlShareef Saad , Buchan Catherine , Davies Huw , Miller Belinda R. , Munsif Maitri , Smallwood Natasha , Troy Lauren , Khor Yet Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Guideline on the provision of home oxygen therapy in adults updates a previous Guideline from 2015. The Guideline is based upon a systematic review and meta‐analysis of literature to September 2022 and the strength of recommendations is based on GRADE methodology. Long‐term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is recommended for its mortality benefit for patients with COPD and other chronic respiratory diseases who have consistent evidence of significant hypoxaemia at rest (PaO2 ≤ 55 mm Hg or PaO2 ≤59 mm Hg in the presence of hypoxaemic sequalae) while in a stable state. Evidence does not support the use of LTOT for patients with COPD who have moderate hypoxaemia or isolated nocturnal hypoxaemia. In the absence of hypoxaemia, there is no evidence that oxygen provides greater palliation of breathlessness than air. Evidence does not support the use of supplemental oxygen therapy during pulmonary rehabilitation in those with COPD and exertional desaturation but normal resting arterial blood gases. Both positive and negative effects of LTOT have been described, including on quality of life. Education about how and when to use oxygen therapy in order to maximize its benefits, including the use of different delivery devices, expectations and limitations of therapy and information about hazards and risks associated with its use are key when embarking upon this treatment.
Performance and Fatigue Patterns in Elite Cyclists During 6 h of Simulated Road Racing
Authors: Klaris Magnus Bak , Cubel Claes , Bruun Tim Ravn , Stampe Daniel , Rørvik Stian , Fischer Mads , Bonne Thomas , Christensen Peter M. , Piil Jacob Feder , Nybo Lars 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTFatigue resistance is vital for success in elite road cycling, as repeated, intense efforts challenge the athletes' ability to sustain peak performance throughout prolonged races. The present study combined recurrent performance testing and physiological measures during 6 h simulated racing with laboratory testing to investigate factors influencing fatigue resistance. Twelve male national elite cyclists (25 ± 3 years; 76 ± 6 kg and VO2max of 5.2 ± 0.5 L/min) completed incremental power and maximal fat oxidation tests. Subsequently, they underwent field testing with physiological measures and fatigue responses evaluated through peak sprint power and 5 km time trial (TT) testing after 0, 2, 4, and 6 h of exercise. Peak power declined from 1362 ± 176 W in first sprint to 1271 ± 152 W after 2 h (p < 0.01) and then stabilized. In contrast, TT mean power gradually declined from 412 ± 38 W in the first TT to 384 ± 41 W in the final trial, with individual losses ranging from 2% to 14% and moderately correlated (r2 = 0.45) to accumulated exercise time above lactate threshold. High carbohydrate intake (~90 g/h) maintained blood glucose levels, but post‐TT [lactate] decreased from 15.1 ± 2 mM to 7.1 ± 2.3 mM, while fat oxidation increased from 0.7 ± 0.3 g/min at 0 h to 1.1 ± 0.1 g/min after 6 h. The study identifies fatigue patterns in national elite cyclists. Peak sprint power stabilized after an initial impairment from 0 to 2 h, while TT power gradually declined over the 6 h simulated race, with increased differentiation in fatigue responses among athletes.
Distinguishing sympathisers, philanthropists, rusted on activists and radicals: Using person‐centred analyses in collective action research
Authors: Thomas Emma F. , Yip Lisette , Lizzio‐Wilson Morgana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany of our theories and models within social psychology implicitly refer to ‘types’ or subgroups of people who engage in collective action (activists, protestors), or do not (sympathisers, bystanders). Other frameworks differentiate between actors based on their adoption of tactics (benevolents, activists, radicals). How, empirically, do we distinguish sympathisers from activists? Activists from radicals? This paper describes recent research that adopts person‐centred statistical approaches (e.g., latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis, latent growth mixture models) to address three contemporary puzzles of collective action research. We present research showing that the methods are useful in identifying and explaining sub‐groups of people who seek to bring about change in qualitatively different ways. The methods are also useful for understanding volatility in collective action as well as identifying and understanding variation in how people sustain, increase, or diminish their commitment over time. There is nothing so practical as a good method and person‐centred statistical approaches are an important complement to variable‐centred approaches in social psychological research on collective action.
Estimation of a regular conditional functional by conditional U‐statistic regression
Authors: Derumigny Alexis 
Published: July 2024

U‐statistics constitute a large class of estimators, generalizing the empirical mean of a random variable to sums over every ‐tuple of distinct observations of . They may be used to estimate a regular functional of the law of . When a vector of covariates is available, a conditional U‐statistic describes the effect of on the conditional law of given , by estimating a regular conditional functional . We state nonasymptotic bounds of general conditional U‐statistics and study their asymptotics too. Assuming a parametric model of the conditional functional of interest, we propose a regression‐type estimator based on conditional U‐statistics. Its theoretical properties are derived, first in a nonasymptotic framework and then in two different asymptotic regimes. Some examples are given to illustrate our methods.
Yield of repeat blood cultures in acute myeloid leukemia patients with febrile neutropenia and bacteremia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Sheu Michael , Molina Garcia Sofia , Shrivastava Gautam , Patel Meera , Mushtaq Ali , Crilley Thomas , Anwer Faiz , Majeed Aneela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study explored the efficacy of repeat blood cultures in bacteremic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of AML patients who experienced febrile neutropenia (FN) and bacteremia following HSCT at the Taussig Cancer Center from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022. The primary endpoint was the rate of positive repeat blood cultures following initial positive blood culture.ResultsFifty patients were included in the study. There were 50 occurrences of FN with positive initial blood cultures that were diagnosed following HSCT. Fifty initial sets of blood cultures and 96 sets of repeat blood cultures were drawn between the 50 occurrences of FN. Twelve of 96 (12.5%) repeat blood culture sets were positive for a pathogen, which occurred over nine of 50 (18.0%) episodes of FN. Three of 96 (3.2%) repeat blood culture sets grew a pathogen that differed from the pathogen that grew in the preceding positive blood culture.ConclusionAmong bacteremic AML patients in the post‐HSCT period, the yield of repeat blood cultures for detecting previously detected and new pathogens was low.
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