bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorinated and brominated organic pollutants in shellfish from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea
Authors: Yin Ge , Asplund Lillemor , Qiu Yanling , Zhou Yihui , Wang Hua , Yao Zongli , Jiang Jianbin , Bergman Åke 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The global contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs), or compounds with similar characteristics, is well known. Still there are data gaps for POP concentrations from many areas in the world. The aim of the present study is to assess several legacies POPs and also hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in shellfish from three locations in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The sources of the contaminants are discussed. Pooled samples were treated by liquid-liquid extraction and acid and column cleanup prior to analysis by gas chromatogram equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The by far most abundant environmental contaminant originates from dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), independent of species analyzed or sampling site. The results indicate ongoing or at least recent discharges of DDT. The second highest concentrations were reported for HBCDD (21–40 ng/g fat) in the shellfish, independent of sampling sites. The two natural products, 6-MeO-BDE-47 and 2′-MeO-BDE-68, were also present in the shellfish (1.3–22 and 1–14 ng/g fat, respectively). The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener CB-153 (0.8–6.5 ng/g fat), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (1.1–3.6 ng/g fat), and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) (2.3–4.9 ng/g fat) were all higher than the concentrations of other HCH isomers, β-endosulfan, PBDE congeners, and mirex. Apart from the DDTs and HBCDDs, it is evident that the pollution of shellfish was similar to, or lower than, the contamination of shellfish in other parts of the world.
Conventional and Multiscale Modeling of Microstructure Evolution During Laminar Cooling of DP Steel Strips
Authors: Pietrzyk Maciej , Kusiak Jan , Kuziak Roman , Madej Łukasz , Szeliga Danuta , Gołąb Rafał 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Physical and numerical simulations of the hot rolling and laminar cooling of DP steel strips are presented in the paper. The objectives of the paper were twofold. Physical simulations of hot plastic deformation were used to identify and validate numerical models. Validated models were applied to simulate the manufacturing of DP steel strips. Conventional flow stress model and microstructure evolution model were used in the hot deformation part. The approach to the complex systems analysis based on global thermodynamic characterization and detailed microstructure characterization was applied to determine equilibrium state at various temperatures. Finally, two numerical models were used to simulate kinetics of austenite decomposition at varying temperatures: the first, conventional model based on the Avrami equation, and the second, the discrete Cellular Automata approach. Plastometric tests and stress relaxation tests were used for identification of the hot rolling model for the DP steel. Dilatometric tests were performed to identify the phase transformation models. Verification confirmed good accuracy of all models. Validated models were applied to simulate the manufacturing of DP steel strips. Influence of technological parameters (e.g., strip thickness and velocity, active sections in the laminar cooling, and water flux in the sections) on the DP microstructure was analyzed. The cooling schedules, which give required microstructures were proposed. The numerical tool, which simulates manufacturing chain for DP steel strips is the main output of the paper.
Psychiatric disorders, suicidality, and personality among young men by sexual orientation
Authors: Wang J. , Dey M. , Soldati L. , Weiss M.G. , Gmel G. , Mohler-Kuo M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPersonality and its potential role in mediating risk of psychiatric disorders and suicidality are assessed by sexual orientation, using data collected among young Swiss men (n= 5875) recruited while presenting for mandatory military conscription. Mental health outcomes were analyzed by sexual attraction using logistic regression, controlling for five-factor model personality traits and socio-demographics. Homo/bisexual men demonstrated the highest scores for neuroticism-anxiety but the lowest for sociability and sensation seeking, with no differences for aggression-hostility. Among homo/bisexual men, 10.2% fulfilled diagnostic criteria for major depression in the past 2 weeks, 10.8% for ADHD in the past 12 months, 13.8% for lifetime anti-social personality disorder (ASPD), and 6.0% attempted suicide in the past 12 months. Upon adjusting (AOR) for personality traits, their odds ratios (OR) for major depression (OR = 4.78, 95% CI 2.81–8.14; AOR = 1.46, 95% CI 0.80–2.65) and ADHD (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.31–3.58; AOR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.58–1.75) lost statistical significance, and the odds ratio for suicide attempt was halved (OR = 5.10, 95% CI 2.57–10.1; AOR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.16–5.02). There are noteworthy differences in personality traits by sexual orientation, and much of the increased mental morbidity appears to be accounted for by such underlying differences, with important implications for etiology and treatment.
Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, reduces brain damage induced by hypoxia‐ischemia in newborn rats
Authors: Furukawa Seishi , Yang Li , Sameshima Hiroshi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimOur aim is to elucidate whether galantamine, known as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, reduces brain damage induced by hypoxia‐ischemia (HI).Study design7‐day‐old Wistar rats were used. Rats were subjected to left carotid artery ligation followed by 2 h of hypoxia (8% oxygen). We injected galantamine intraperitoneally just before hypoxia (5.0 mg/kg, n = 14; 2.5 mg/kg, n = 9; 1.0 mg/kg, n = 11) and after hypoxia (5.0 mg/kg, n = 7) to determine its neuroprotective effect. An equivalent volume of saline was administered as a control before (n = 31) and after hypoxic load (n = 7). We also examined the production of IL‐1β in the ligated hemisphere side after injection of galantamine (prior hypoxia; 5.0 mg/kg, n = 7) or saline (n = 8). Brains were analyzed 7 days after HI.ResultsTwo of the 5.0 mg/kg galantamine pre‐treated rats and a post‐treated rat died during experiments. The remaining survived and 5.0 mg/kg galantamine pre‐treated rats showed a marked reduction of brain damage (p < 0.01) compared with the control. The other galantamine groups had severe brain damage similar to controls. Microglial accumulation was significantly reduced in rats pre‐treated with 5.0 mg/kg of galantamine compared to control rats on both the hippocampus (p = 0.02) and cortex (p < 0.01). In contrast, the other galantamine groups showed a lower suppressive effect on microglial accumulation compared to the control. Galantamine significantly reduced IL‐1β productions when compared to the control (p < 0.01).ConclusionPre‐treatment of galantamine reduced brain damage with a suppressive effect on microglial accumulation and IL‐1β production in a newborn rat model of HI.
Substrate‐based approach for ventricular tachycardia in structural heart disease: Tips for mapping and ablation
Authors: Komatsu Yuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCatheter ablation of scar‐related ventricular tachycardia (VT) often relies on substrate‐based approaches because of hemodynamic instability during VT, multiple VT morphologies, and poor reproducibility of VT‐inducibility, rendering the VT unmappable. As substrate‐guided ablation is performed in stable sinus rhythm, any VT can potentially be targeted regardless of its hemodynamic state. So‐called “late potentials,” conventionally defined as signals detected after the end of QRS, have been traditionally proposed as ablation targets. However, late potentials cannot be detected in up to 30% of patients with VT in the setting of ischemic and non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy. Recently, a substrate‐based approach that targets poorly coupled fibers surviving within the scar has been developed. These bundles generate local abnormal ventricular activities (LAVA) and are believed to be responsible for VT. Considering the limitations of late potential ablation, substrate homogenization with the aim of eliminating all identified LAVA appears to be an ideal procedural endpoint. This article reviews substrate‐based approaches and tips for mapping and ablation of VT substrate.
Removal of cadmium by Lactobacillus kefir as a protective tool against toxicity
Authors: Gerbino Esteban , Carasi Paula , Tymczyszyn E. Elizabeth , Gómez-Zavaglia Andrea 
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work was to evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus kefir strains to remove cadmium cations and protect eukaryotic cells from cadmium toxicity. Lb. kefir CIDCA 8348 and JCM 5818 were grown in a 1/2 dilution of MRS broth supplemented with Cd(NO3)2 ranging 0 to 1 mM. Growth kinetics were followed during 76 h at 30 °C by registering optical density at 600 nm every 4–10 h. The accumulated concentration of cadmium was determined on cultures in the stationary phase by atomic absorption. The viability of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) upon exposure to (a) free cadmium and (b) cadmium previously incubated with Lb. kefir strains was evaluated by determining the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Lb. kefir strains were able to grow and tolerate concentrations of cadmium cations up to 1 mM. The addition of cadmium to the culture medium increased the lag time in all the concentrations used. However, a decrease of the total biomass (maximum Absorbance) was observed only at concentrations above 0·0012 and 0·0011 mM for strains CIDCA 8348 and JCM 5818, respectively. Shorter and rounder lactobacilli were observed in both strains upon microscopic observations. Moreover, dark precipitates compatible with intracellular precipitation of cadmium were observed in the cytoplasm of both strains. The ability of Lb. kefir to protect eukaryotic cells cultures from cadmium toxicity was analysed using HepG2 cells lines. Concentrations of cadmium greater than 3×10−3 mM strongly decreased the viability of HepG2 cells. However, when the eukaryotic cells were exposed to cadmium pre-incubated 1 h with Lb. kefir the toxicity of cadmium was considerably lower, Lb. kefir JCM 5818 being more efficient. The high tolerance and binding capacity of Lb. kefir strains to cadmium concentrations largely exceeding the tolerated weekly intake (TWI) of cadmium for food (2.5 μg per kg of body weight) and water (3 μg/l) addressed to human consumption, is an important added value when thinking in health-related applications.
The incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossificans
Authors: Lin H-Y , Fan Y-K , Wu K-C , Shu M-T , Yang C-C , Lin H-C 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:To estimate the incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossificans.Methods:The records of patients treated with mastoidectomy for various tympanogenic aetiologies from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients whose high-resolution computed tomography scans showed evidence of labyrinthine calcification of the temporal bone were enrolled. Patients with a history of head and neck cancer, meningitis, and otosclerosis, and patients with cochlear implants, were excluded from this study.Results:A total of 195 patients were enrolled in this study; 4 of the patients presented with calcification in the inner ear. Therefore, the incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossification was 2 per cent. The computed tomography findings revealed: (1) cochlear calcifications of the basal and middle turn in two patients; and (2) vestibular, superior semicircular canal, posterior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal calcification in one, four, three and two patients, respectively.Conclusion:The incidence of tympanogenic labyrinthitis ossification in patients who had undergone a mastoidectomy was 2 per cent.
The Cognition Battery of the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function: Validation in an Adult Sample
Authors: Weintraub Sandra , Dikmen Sureyya S. , Heaton Robert K. , Tulsky David S. , Zelazo Philip David , Slotkin Jerry , Carlozzi Noelle E. , Bauer Patricia J. , Wallner-Allen Kathleen , Fox Nathan , Havlik Richard , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Mungas Dan , Manly Jennifer J. , Moy Claudia , Conway Kevin , Edwards Emmeline , Nowinski Cindy J. , Gershon Richard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study introduces a special series on validity studies of the Cognition Battery (CB) from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) (Gershon, Wagster et al., 2013) in an adult sample. This first study in the series describes the sample, each of the seven instruments in the NIHTB-CB briefly, and the general approach to data analysis. Data are provided on test–retest reliability and practice effects, and raw scores (mean, standard deviation, range) are presented for each instrument and the gold standard instruments used to measure construct validity. Accompanying papers provide details on each instrument, including information about instrument development, psychometric properties, age and education effects on performance, and convergent and discriminant construct validity. One study in the series is devoted to a factor analysis of the NIHTB-CB in adults and another describes the psychometric properties of three composite scores derived from the individual measures representing fluid and crystallized abilities and their combination. The NIHTB-CB is designed to provide a brief, comprehensive, common set of measures to allow comparisons among disparate studies and to improve scientific communication. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–12)
NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB): List Sorting Test to Measure Working Memory
Authors: Tulsky David S. , Carlozzi Noelle , Chiaravalloti Nancy D. , Beaumont Jennifer L. , Kisala Pamela A. , Mungas Dan , Conway Kevin , Gershon Richard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe List Sorting Working Memory Test was designed to assess working memory (WM) as part of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. List Sorting is a sequencing task requiring children and adults to sort and sequence stimuli that are presented visually and auditorily. Validation data are presented for 268 participants ages 20 to 85 years. A subset of participants (N=89) was retested 7 to 21 days later. As expected, the List Sorting Test had moderately high correlations with other measures of working memory and executive functioning (convergent validity) but a low correlation with a test of receptive vocabulary (discriminant validity). Furthermore, List Sorting demonstrates expected changes over the age span and has excellent test–retest reliability. Collectively, these results provide initial support for the construct validity of the List Sorting Working Memory Measure as a measure of working memory. However, the relationship between the List Sorting Test and general executive function has yet to be determined. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–12)
Enhanced Quantification for 3D Energy Dispersive Spectrometry: Going Beyond the Limitation of Large Volume of X-Ray Emission
Authors: Burdet Pierre , Hébert Cécile , Cantoni Marco 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a method developed to quantify three-dimensional energy dispersive spectrometry (3D EDS) data with voxel size smaller than the volume from which X-rays are emitted. The influence of the neighboring voxels is corrected by applying recursively a complex quantification, improving thereby the accuracy of the quantification of critically small features. The enhanced quantification method is applied to simulated and measured data. A systematic improvement is obtained compared with classical quantification, proving the concept and the prospect of this method.
Cellulose Films: Designing Template-Free Nanoporous Cellulose Films on Semiconducting Surfaces
Authors: Carapeto Ana P. , Ferraria Ana Maria , Brogueira Pedro , Boufi Sami , Rego Ana Maria B. Do 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this work, we report the preparation of ultrathin submicro- and nanoporous cellulose films onto Si (100). The effect of different experimental conditions of preparation on the film surface morphology was studied, namely the role of the film casting method (spin- versus dip-coating), solvent (toluene or tetrahydrofuran), substrate pretreatment (hydrophilicity degree), and regeneration procedure with HCl vapors (two consecutive dips followed by regeneration or regeneration after each dip). The surface morphological structures presented in this work were never obtained before without the use of templates. A rather regular two-dimensional pore network was obtained onto the less hydrophilic Si substrate (contact angle≅68°), after two consecutive dips (with an intercalary rotation of 180º) in trimethylsilyl cellulose diluted in toluene and regeneration at the end. All the surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscopy.
Who Violates The Principles of Political Liberalism?: Religion, Restraint, and the Decision to Reject Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Beyerlein Kraig , Eberle Christopher J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecent debates in political theory have seen political liberals advocate and defend a doctrine of restraint, according to which citizens may not rely solely on religious reasons when supporting their favored public policies. This debate notwithstanding, very rarely have social scientists assessed the extent to which citizens actually violate this doctrine. This article evaluates the “political decision-making” model of political liberalism. Data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults are used to test this model for legalization of same-sex marriage. Our analyses show that while only a very small percentage of U.S. support this policy solely on the basis of their religious convictions, roughly a quarter oppose it for religious reasons alone. Furthermore, we find that higher levels of religious service attendance and importance of religious faith as well as affiliation with evangelical and black Protestantism significantly increase the likelihood of same-sex marriage opposition entirely on religious grounds.
PPARβ/δ activation of CD300a controls intestinal immunity
Authors: Tanaka Toshiya , Tahara-Hanaoka Satoko , Nabekura Tsukasa , Ikeda Kaori , Jiang Shuying , Tsutsumi Shuichi , Inagaki Takeshi , Magoori Kenta , Higurashi Takuma , Takahashi Hirokazu , Tachibana Keisuke , Tsurutani Yuya , Raza Sana , Anai Motonobu , Minami Takashi , Wada Youichiro , Yokote Koutaro , Doi Takefumi , Hamakubo Takao , Auwerx Johan , Gonzalez Frank J. , Nakajima Atsushi , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Naito Makoto , Shibuya Akira , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Sakai Juro 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMacrophages are important for maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. Here, we show that PPARβ/δ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ) directly regulates CD300a in macrophages that express the immunoreceptor tyrosine based-inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing receptor. In mice lacking CD300a, high-fat diet (HFD) causes chronic intestinal inflammation with low numbers of intestinal lymph capillaries and dramatically expanded mesenteric lymph nodes. As a result, these mice exhibit triglyceride malabsorption and reduced body weight gain on HFD. Peritoneal macrophages from Cd300a−/− mice on HFD are classically M1 activated. Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88 signaling by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in prolonged IL-6 secretion in Cd300a−/− macrophages. Bone marrow transplantation confirmed that the phenotype originates from CD300a deficiency in leucocytes. These results identify CD300a-mediated inhibitory signaling in macrophages as a critical regulator of intestinal immune homeostasis.
Two different approaches for pharmacokinetic modeling of exhaled drug concentrations
Authors: Kreuer S. , Hauschild A. , Fink T. , Baumbach J. I. , Maddula S. , Volk Th. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOnline measurement of drug concentrations in patient's breath is a promising approach for individualized dosage. A direct transfer from breath- to blood-concentrations is not possible. Measured exhaled concentrations are following the blood-concentration with a delay in non-steady-state situations. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the breath-concentration into a pharmacological model. Two different approaches for pharmacokinetic modelling are presented. Usually a 3-compartment model is used for pharmacokinetic calculations of blood concentrations. This 3-compartment model is extended with a 2-compartment model based on the first compartment of the 3-compartment model and a new lung compartment. The second approach is to calculate a time delay of changes in the concentration of the first compartment to describe the lung-concentration. Exemplarily both approaches are used for modelling of exhaled propofol. Based on time series of exhaled propofol measurements using an ion-mobility-spectrometer every minute for 346 min a correlation of calculated plasma and the breath concentration was used for modelling to deliver R2 = 0.99 interdependencies. Including the time delay modelling approach the new compartment coefficient ke0lung was calculated to ke0lung = 0.27 min−1 with R2 = 0.96. The described models are not limited to propofol. They could be used for any kind of drugs, which are measurable in patient's breath.
Multiple ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases facilitate intracellular replication of Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Riedmaier Patrice , Sansom Fiona M. , Sofian Trifina , Beddoe Travis , Schuelein Ralf , Newton Hayley J. , Hartland Elizabeth L. 
Published: June 2014

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that replicates within alveolar macrophages resulting in the onset of severe atypical pneumonia. Previously we have identified Lpg1905, a eukaryotic-type ecto-NTPDase (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) from L. pneumophila that was required for optimal intracellular replication and virulence in a mouse lung infection model. In the present study, we characterized the activity of a second eukaryotic-type NTPDase, Lpg0971, from L. pneumophila. We observed that recombinant Lpg0971 hydrolysed only ATP and exhibited divalent cation preference for manganese (II) ions. Similar to lpg1905, an lpg0971 mutant carrying the plasmid pMIP was attenuated in a mouse lung infection model and impaired for replication in human macrophages and amoebae. Increased trafficking of the LCV (Legionella-containing vacuole) to a LAMP-1 (lysosome-associated membrane protein-1)-positive compartment was observed for both the lpg1905 and lpg0971 mutants carrying pMIP. Complementation with either lpg1905 or lpg0971 restored intracellular replication, suggesting that a minimum level of ATPase activity was required for this function. A double lpg1905/0971 mutant was not more impaired for intracellular replication than the single mutants and complementation of the double mutant with lpg0971, but not lpg1905, restored intracellular replication. This suggested that although the NTPDases have overlapping activities they have distinct functions. Unlike many eukaryotic-type proteins from L. pneumophila, neither Lpg1905 nor Lpg0971 were translocated into the host cell by the Dot/Icm (defective in organelle trafficking/intracellular multiplication) type IV secretion system. Overall our data suggest that the ability of L. pneumophila to replicate in eukaryotic cells relies in part on the ability of the pathogen to hydrolyse ATP within an intracellular compartment.