bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent Validity of the Finnish Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2 with Teachers and Parents as Raters
Authors: Savolainen Hannu , Nordness Philip D. , Sointu Erkko T. , Lappalainen Kristiina , Epstein Michael H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn previous research the Finnish version of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2 (Epstein, 2004) has demonstrated adequate internal consistency and reliability. The purpose of the present study was to examine the convergent validity of the Finnish BERS-2 by comparing it with the Finnish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, with teachers and parents as the raters. The results add to the research base to suggest that the Finnish BERS-2 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the emotional and behavioral strengths of children and youth.
Adaptive parallel simultaneous stabilization of a set of uncertain port‐controlled hamiltonian systems subject to actuator saturation
Authors: Wei Airong , Wang Yuzhen 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates adaptive parallel simultaneous stabilization (APSS) of a set of uncertain nonlinear port‐controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) systems subject to actuator saturation and proposes a number of results on the design of the APSS controllers. First, the case of two PCH systems is studied. Using both the dissipative Hamiltonian structural and saturated actuator properties, the two systems are combined to generate an augmented PCH system, with which, some results on the control designs are then obtained. When there are external disturbances in the two systems, an H ∞  APSS controller is designed for the systems. Second, the case of more than two uncertain PCH systems subject to actuator saturation is investigated, and several new results are proposed for the APSS problem. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to show that the adaptive stabilization controllers obtained in this paper work very well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boroxine Nanotubes: Moisture‐Sensitive Morphological Transformation and Guest Release
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuyuki , Kameta Naohiro , Masuda Mitsutoshi , Asakawa Masumi , Shimizu Toshimi 
Published: October 2013

Boroxines, (R‐BO)3, which can be easily synthesized via a dehydration reaction of boronic acids, R–B(OH)2, selectively self‐assemble in toluene into nanofibers, nanorods, nanotapes, and nanotubes, depending on the aromatic substituent (R). Spectroscopic measurements show that the nanotube consists of a J‐aggregate of the boroxine. Humidification converts the morphology from the nanotube to a sheet as a result of the hydrolysis of the boroxine components and subsequent molecular‐packing rearrangement from the J‐aggregate to an H‐aggregate. Such a transformation leads to the compulsive release of guest molecules encapsulated in the hollow cylinder of the nanotube. The hydrolysis and the molecular‐packing rearrangement described above are suppressed by coordination of pyridine to the boron atom, with the resulting moiety acting as a Lewis acid of the boroxine component. The pyridine‐coordinated nanotube is transformed into a helical coil by humidification. Guest release during the nanotube‐to‐helical‐coil transformation is much slower than during the nanotube‐to‐sheet transformation, but faster than from a nanotube that did not undergo morphological transformation. The storage and release of guest molecules from the boroxine nanotubes can be precisely controlled by adjusting the moisture level and the concentration of Lewis bases, such as amines.
The effect of intra‐uterine growth restriction on blood lipids and response to exercise training
Authors: Redmond Jessica G. , Gage Timothy B. , Kiyamu Melisa , Brutsaert Tom D. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo determine if a small body size at birth is associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile and a reduced response to exercise training in young adults.MethodsThirty‐six college students, all singletons born to term, participated. Subjects were defined as either high ponderal index (HIGHPI) or low ponderal index (LOWPI). LOWPI was defined as below the 10th percentile of the PI‐for‐gestational age distribution. HIGHPI was defined as greater than the 10th percentile. Subject groups were matched pair‐wise on age, sex, BMI, and pretraining physical activity level. Subjects completed an 8‐week aerobic exercise program. Pre‐ and post‐training measurements included a blood lipid profile.ResultsThe LOWPI group, when compared to the HIGHPI group, exhibited higher total (183.6 mg dl−1 vs. 150.9, P = 0.04) and LDL cholesterol (114.8 mg dl−1 vs. 80.2, P = 0.019) values prior to exercise training. After training, these values decreased in the LOWPI group, eliminating the group difference. Various blood lipid ratios were more favorable for the HIGHPI group, both before and after training. The inclusion of maternal smoking as a covariate attenuated group differences for pretraining TChol, pre‐training TG:HDL, and post‐training HDL cholesterol.ConclusionsAn 8‐week exercise program corrected some, but not all, of the differences in blood lipid values between the LOWPI and HIGHPI group. The persistent group difference in blood lipid ratios suggests a higher long‐term risk of chronic disease in the LOWPI group independent of lifestyle intervention. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:844–846, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Body fat and facial shape are correlated in female adolescents
Authors: Windhager Sonja , Patocka Karin , Schaefer Katrin 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesRelative body weight is not only an important indicator for health and reproductive condition, but also subject to stereotypes and stigmatization. It can be reliably assessed from adult faces alone, yet the facial correlates, especially in adolescents, remain largely unidentified. This study was designed to determine the facial features of adolescent girls that change with body fat proportion using a modern, comprehensive technique for shape analysis.MethodsStandardized frontal facial photographs of 22 Caucasian female adolescents (mean age 15.8 ± 2.7 years) were taken, and body height, body weight, and body fat proportion measured. Seventy‐two somatometric measurement points were digitized on each photograph and their Cartesian coordinates regressed onto body fat proportion. Geometric morphometrics also enabled visualizing the statistical results as shapes.ResultsBody fat proportion explained 8.7% of the facial shape variation (10,000 permutations, P = 0.047). Girls with high body fat had a relatively rounder and larger lower face, relatively smaller eyes, and a shorter and wider nose, fuller lips and downturned corners of the mouth. Low body fat was associated with a more angular lower face and a pointier chin, relatively larger eyes and a longer nose. The lips were wider and thinner, the corners of the mouth upturned.ConclusionBody fat proportion is a substantial factor in facial shape variation of female adolescents. The potential influence of the corresponding facial features on social perception is discussed. Prospects for future research including novel possibilities for stimuli design (GM morphs) are highlighted. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:847–850, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of human milk nutrient composition of women from singapore with a special focus on lipids
Authors: Thakkar Sagar K. , Giuffrida Francesca , Cristina Cruz‐Hernandez , De Castro Carlos Antonio , Mukherjee Rajat , Tran Liên‐Anh , Steenhout Philippe , Lee Le Ye , Destaillats Frédéric 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundA recent report suggested that human milk (HM) composition not only changes with lactation stages but also vary according to gender of the offspring. In spite of available literature, the dynamic changes of HM composition still remain to be completely explored and characterized. Progress in analytical technologies together with quantitative sampling of HM allows for a better quantification of HM nutrients and thereby providing a deeper understanding of the dynamics of HM secretion.ObjectiveTo characterize and quantify HM nutrients based on appropriate for analyses sampling procedures and advanced analytical methodologies.Clinical study designWe conducted an observatory, single center, longitudinal trial with HM collection at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum from 50 mothers (singleton‐deliveries of 25 male and 25 female infants). HM samples were analyzed for lipid, lactose, energy density, fatty acids, phospholipids, and gangliosides. Longitudinal analyses of the datasets have been carried out using linear mixed models.ResultsHM for male infants compared to females at 120 days, were higher for energy content and lipids by 24 and 39%, respectively. Similarly, other bioactive lipids such as linoleic acid, phospholipids and gangliosides were also significantly different based on the gender of the infant. Significant stage‐based differences were observed for total lipids, energy density, phospholipids, and gangliosides. Such difference in HM composition may stem from different energy needs to cope up for individual growth and development.ConclusionCollectively, the current observations affirm that HM secretion, especially the lipid composition, is a very dynamic and personalized biological process. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:770–779, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Macrocyclic Diaryl Ethers by Dötz Benzannulation
Authors: Sen Subhabrata , Mamidala Rajanikanth , Gundla Rambabu , Charya M. T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe intramolecular Dötz benzannulation with alkyne‐tethered aryloxy Fischer carbenes has been applied to synthesize a nine membered diaryl ether linked macrocyclic library. In silico tools, that is, shape space analysis was used to assess the diversity of the library, and polar surface area (PSA) of the compounds were deduced to understand the range of their surface electrostatic potential.
Reassessing manual proportions in Australopithecus afarensis
Authors: Rolian Campbell , Gordon Adam D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious analyses of hand morphology in Australopithecus afarensis have concluded that this taxon had modern human‐like manual proportions, with relatively long thumbs and short fingers. These conclusions are based on the A.L.333 composite fossil assemblage from Hadar, Ethiopia, and are premised on the ability to assign phalanges to a single individual, and to the correct side and digit. Neither assignment is secure, however, given the taphonomy and sample composition at A.L.333. We use a resampling approach that includes the entire assemblage of complete hand elements at Hadar, and takes into account uncertainties in identifying phalanges by individual, side and digit number. This approach provides the most conservative estimates of manual proportions in Au. afarensis. We resampled hand long bone lengths in Au. afarensis and extant hominoids, and obtained confidence limits for distributions of manual proportions in the latter. Results confirm that intrinsic manual proportions in Au. afarensis are dissimilar to Pan and Pongo. However, manual proportions in Au. afarensis often fall at the upper end of the distribution in Gorilla, and very lower end in Homo, corresponding to disproportionately short thumbs and long medial digits in Homo. This suggests that manual proportions in Au. afarensis, particularly metacarpal proportions, were not as derived towards Homo as previously described, but rather are intermediate between gorillas and humans. Functionally, these results suggest Au. afarensis could not produce precision grips with the same efficiency as modern humans, which may in part account for the absence of lithic technology in this fossil taxon. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:393–406, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Klein aber fein: sensitive Mikrogelkapseln
Authors: Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSensitive Mikrogele bestehen aus mikrometerskaligen gequollenen Polymernetzwerken, die durch externe Reize selektiv aktuiert werden können. Um diese Partikel zur Verkapselung von Additiven maßzuschneidern, ist es notwendig, ihre Form und Größe zu kontrollieren; dies ist mithilfe der Tropfenmikrofluidik möglich.
Ausgeprägte Methyleffekte in der Wirkstoff‐Forschung und der Bedarf an neuen C‐H‐Methylierungsreaktionen
Authors: Schönherr Heike , Cernak Tim 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie Methylgruppe gehört zu den häufigsten Kohlenstoffbausteinen in niedermolekularen Wirkstoffen. Dieser einfachste Alkylrest kommt in mehr als 67 % der 2011 meistverkauften Wirkstoffe vor und kann die biologischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften einer Verbindung in bedeutendem Maß modulieren. Den Schwerpunkt dieses Aufsatzes bildet der so genannte magische Methyleffekt auf das Bindungsvermögen, bei dem der scheinbar banale Wechsel von der C‐H‐ zur C‐Me‐Gruppe den IC50‐Wert eines potenziellen Wirkstoffs um mehr als das 100fache verbessert. Anschließend an diese Diskussion folgt ein Überblick über Fortschritte in der Synthesechemie, die eine direkte Methylierung von sp2‐ und sp3‐C‐H‐Bindungen ermöglichen. Wir hoffen, dass die hier besprochene Bedeutung der einfachen Methylgruppe für die Wirkstoff‐Forschung zu Berichten über neue und umfassende C‐H‐Methylierungsreaktionen anregt.
Synthesis, characterization, and drug‐release behavior of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosan derivatives
Authors: Zhang Aidi , Ding Derun , Ren Jicun , Zhu Xiangli , Yao Youhong 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA new type of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative, 2‐N‐carboxymethyl‐6‐O‐diethylaminoethyl chitosan (DEAE–CMC), was synthesized through a two‐step Schiff base reaction process and applied to drug delivery. In the first step, benzaldehyde was used as a protective agent for the incorporation of diethylaminoethyl groups to form the intermediate (6‐O‐diethylaminoethyl chitosan). On the other hand, NaBH4 was used as a reducing agent to reduce the Schiff base, which was generated by glyoxylic acid, for the further incorporation of carboxymethyl groups to produce DEAE–CMC. The structure, thermal properties, surface morphology, and diameter distribution of the resulting chitosan graft copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and laser particle size analysis. Benefiting from the amphiphilic structure, DEAE–CMC was able to be formed into microspheres in aqueous solution with an average diameter of 4.52 ± 1.21 μm. An in vitro evaluation of these microspheres demonstrated their efficient controlled release behavior of a drug. The accumulated release ratio of vitamin B12 loaded DEAE–CMC microspheres were up to 93%, and the duration was up to 15 h. The grafted polymers of DEAE–CMC were found to be blood‐compatible, and no cytotoxic effect was shown in human SiHa cells in an MTT [3‐(4, 5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] cytotoxicity assay. These results indicate that the DEAE–CMC microspheres could be used as safe, promising drug‐delivery systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39890.
Effects of solution mixing temperature on dielectric properties of PMMA/Pristine bentonite nanocomposites
Authors: Uğur Kaya A. , Güner Selahaddin , Esmer Kadir 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of mixing temperature on the dielectric properties of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)‐pristine bentonite nanocomposites by using X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR and dielectric spectroscopies. The samples were prepared during 8 hours at temperatures 265 K, 273 K, 281 K, 289 K and 298 K without any intercalative agent and the PMMA to pristine bentonite weight ratio was chosen as 1 : 10. It was observed that with decreasing the mixing temperatures, the permittivity decreases and the dielectric relaxation displaces towards the lower frequencies with the decrease of mixing temperatures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39907.
Preparation and reaction kinetics of polypropylene‐graft‐cardanol by reactive extrusion and its compatibilization on polypropylene/polystyrene
Authors: Chen Qinhui , Deng Yi , Mao Xinggong , Yin Fengqin , Lin Jinhuo 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPolypropylene‐graft‐cardanol (CAPP) was prepared by reactive extrusion with polypropylene (PP) and natural renewable cardanol, which improved the inherent defects of PP such as its chemical inertness and hydrophobicity. Moreover, the cardanol grafted onto PP resolved the degradation of PP during reactive extrusion and use. The effects of reactive extrusion on the change of the molecular structure of PP, the change in the free‐radical concentration during processing, and the compatibilization of CAPP on the PP/polystyrene (PS) composite materials were examined in this study. The constants of the grafting reaction rate at the beginning of reactive extrusion were also deduced. The results show that cardanol was grafted onto PP, and the p–π conjugate system in cardanol was observed to stabilize free radicals. The grafting reaction rate (Rg) at the initial stage of the grafting reaction process was calculated through the equation Rg = kg[M·][Cardanol], where kg is the constant of the apparent grafting reaction rate and [M·] is the concentration of free radicals in the reaction system. kg first increased with the growth of temperature and then began to decrease when the temperature exceeded the critical temperature of 200°C. The mechanical properties showed almost no change after the samples were aged for 72 h. This was due to CAPP, which changed PP/PS to a ductile material from a brittle one. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39911.
Integrated Ground‐penetrating Radar and Archaeological Surveys in the Ancient City of Hierapolis of Phrygia (Turkey)
Authors: Leucci G. , Di Giacomo G. , Ditaranto I. , Miccoli I. , Scardozzi G. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTHierapolis of Phrygia (Turkey) was one of the most important Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine city in Asia Minor. The Italian Archaeological Mission in more than 50 years of activity has brought to light and restored many monuments of the ancient city, helping to understand the urban layout in the various periods of its history. In 2011 ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) prospection, with the aim of supporting the archaeological excavations and surveys, was performed in some important sample areas by a team of the Institute for Archaeological and Monumental Heritage of the National Research Council of Italy. The analysis of the GPR measurements revealed many anomalies that could be ascribed to archaeological structures, as well as other anomalies of presumable natural origin. The data collected were georeferenced in the digital archaeological map of Hierapolis using a RTK‐GPS system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Machbarkeitsstudie für die innovative Bauweise “Vorgefertigte und aufrollbare Straße”
Authors: Wang Dawei , Schacht Andreas , Chen Xianhua , Oeser Markus , Steinauer Bernhard 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMit der innovativen Bauweise “Vorgefertigte und aufrollbare Straße” wird ein Straßenbelag aus Textilbeton mit Kurzfasern (TmK) entwickelt. Durch eine gezielte Gestaltung und Strukturierung der Oberfläche werden die Gebrauchseigenschaften, insbesondere die Griffigkeit sowie die Reifen‐Fahrbahngeräusche, optimiert. Grundsätzlich wird aufgezeigt, dass durch den Einsatz dieses neuartigen Belags eine deutlich verbesserte Performance bezüglich der klassischen Aufgaben einer Straßendecke erzielt werden kann. Die Erneuerung der Fahrbahnoberfläche kann innerhalb von wenigen Stunden abgeschlossen werden, sodass eine möglichst schnelle Bauausführung sowie eine frühe Verkehrsfreigabe gewährleistet werden können. Somit besteht eine sehr gute Chance, einen wesentlichen Beitrag für dauerhafte Straßen und damit zur Nachhaltigkeit im Straßenbau zu leisten.Feasibility study on the innovative construction method of a “prefabricated and rollable road”With the innovative construction method of a “prefabricated and rollable road” a road surface is developed with textile concrete with short fibers (TmK). Through a purposeful design and structuring of the surface, the using performances especially the skid resistance and the tyre/road noise are optimized. It is shown, that generally through the application of this innovative surface better performance can be achieved in terms of the conventional duties of a road surface. The restoration of this road surface can be accomplished within only a few hours. It can be constructed as fast as possible and the new road surface can be opened to traffic as soon as possible. Therefore, it has the potential to contribute to durable road structures and the sustainability of road engineering.
Albumin‐based nanocomposite spheres for advanced drug delivery systems
Authors: Misak Heath E. , Asmatulu Ramazan , Gopu Janani S. , Man Ka‐Poh , Zacharias Nora M. , Wooley Paul H. , Yang Shang‐You 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA novel drug delivery system incorporating human serum albumin, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid, magnetite nanoparticles, and therapeutic agent(s) was developed for potential application in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and skin cancer. An oil‐in‐oil emulsion/solvent evaporation (O/OSE) method was modified to produce a drug delivery system with a diameter of 0.5–2 μm. The diameter was mainly controlled by adjusting the viscosity of albumin in the discontinuous phase of the O/OSE method. The drug‐release study showed that the release of drug and albumin was mostly dependent on the albumin content of the drug delivery system, which is very similar to the drug occlusion‐mesopore model. Cytotoxicity tests indicated that increasing the albumin content in the drug delivery system increased cell viability, possibly due to the improved biocompatibility of the system. Overall, these studies show that the proposed system could be a viable option as a drug delivery system in the treatment of many illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and skin and breast cancers.