bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigational ovarian stimulation protocol increased significantly the psychological burden in women with premature ovarian failure
Authors: AWWAD JOHNNY T. , GHAZEERI GHINA S. , HANNOUN ANTOINE , ISAACSON KEITH , ABOU‐ABDALLAH MICHEL , FARRA CHANTAL G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective. To assess the psychological impact (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) of an investigational ovarian stimulation protocol in women with premature ovarian failure (POF). Design. Prospective longitudinal study. Population. Ten women with POF. Methods. Women with idiopathic POF were placed on three consecutive treatment cycles consisting of gonadotropin ovarian stimulation after estrogen priming, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist pituitary desensitization, and corticosteroid immune suppression. Results. Median anxiety and depression scores increased significantly from baseline following three consecutive treatment cycles from 4.0 (range 2.0–8.0) to 11.0 (range 10.0–14.0) (p‐value 0.041) and from 1.5 (range 0–6.0) to 9.0 (range 7.0–10.0) (p‐value 0.039), respectively. There were nine “probable” anxiety (90%) and three “probable” depression (30%) cases on the final treatment cycle compared with none (0%) on baseline (p‐value 0.004 and 0.250, respectively). Conclusions. The use of investigational ovarian stimulation protocols in women with idiopathic POF was associated with excessive psychological strain. Women with POF should be cautioned against the potentially harmful aspect of similar treatments of unproven benefit.
The diverse identity of angiogenic monocytes
Authors: Favre Julie , Terborg Negisti , Horrevoets Anton J. G. 
Published: September 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012AbstractBackground  The role of bone marrow–derived cells in stimulating angiogenesis, vascular repair or remodelling has been well established, but the nature of the circulating angiogenic cells is still controversial.Design  The existing literature on different cell types that contribute to angiogenesis in multiple pathologies, most notably ischaemic and tumour angiogenesis, is reviewed, with a focus on subtypes of angiogenic mononuclear cells and their local recruitment and activation.Results  A large number of different cells of myeloid origin support angiogenesis without incorporating permanently into the newly formed vessel, which distinguishes these circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) from endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Although CAC frequently express individual endothelial markers, they all share multiple characteristics of monocytes and only express a limited set of discriminative surface markers in the circulation. When cultured ex vivo, or surrounding the angiogenic vessel in vivo, however, many of them acquire similar additional markers, making their discrimination in situ difficult.Conclusion  Different subsets of monocytes show angiogenic properties, but the distinct microenvironment, in vitro or in vivo, is needed for the development of their pro‐angiogenic function.
Development of two reverse transcription‐PCR methods to detect living pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in wood
Authors: Leal I. , Foord B. , Allen E. , Campion C. , Rott M. , Green M. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryPinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is an inhabitant of native pine species of North America, where its presence in trees is non‐pathogenic. By contrast, the introduction of this nematode to forests overseas has devastated some pine stands and is recognized as a pest of phytosanitary concern by some countries' National Plant Protection Organizations. The ability to detect B. xylophilus in internationally traded wood products is crucial to reduce the spread of this organism. Current molecular techniques for the detection of B. xylophilus rely on the presence of genomic DNA and thus will detect both living and dead nematodes without differentiation. The detection of dead nematodes could lead to unnecessary trade disruption. Therefore, accurate techniques for the detection of and differentiation between live and dead B. xylophilus are critical. We have developed an endpoint RT‐PCR assay and a SYBR Green 1 real‐time RT‐PCR assay, both of which selectively identify living pinewood nematode by detecting the presence of Hsp70 mRNA as a viability marker. Both of these assays may help overcome or resolve disputes involving the detection of pinewood nematode at the port of entry and can also be used to evaluate the efficiency of wood treatment procedures.
Fluid control on low‐temperature mineral formation in volcanic rocks of Kahrizak, Iran
Authors: KOUSEHLAR M. , WEISENBERGER T. B. , TUTTI F. , MIRNEJAD H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Kahrizak volcanic field, south Tehran, in Iran, is composed dominantly of basalt and basaltic andesite that experienced variable degrees of alteration because of the low‐grade metamorphism (stage I) and hydrothermal activity (stage II). Stage I alteration, which occurred in response to the burial of volcanic rocks and their interaction with heated groundwater, is characterized by the formation of low‐temperature zeolite facies minerals in vesicles consisting mainly of fine‐grained mafic phyllosilicate (smectite, chlorite/smectite mixed layer) and zeolites (thomsonite, chabazite, gonnardite, natrolite, analcime, heulandite, and mordenite). Stage II mineralization occurred because of the activity of hydrothermal fluids that formed large crystals of heulandite, stilbite, mesolite/scolecite, natrolite, and analcime along with quartz and calcite in cavities and fractures. The elements necessary for the formation of alteration minerals (i.e. zeolites and mafic phyllosilicates) in Kahrizak were derived from the hydrolysis of olivine and volcanic glass as well as the alteration of plagioclase. Various mineral assemblages formed during stages I and II reflect changes in temperature, pressure, and fluid composition. The change from mafic phyllosilicates to zeolites species is caused by the decrease in Mg and Fe relative to Ca fluid activities. Zeolite assemblages of stage I, known to be formed at lower temperatures, show the general sequential order from older to younger: chabazite, thomsonite, gonnardite, and natrolite. This sequence is consistent with a hypothetical fluid evolution path with increasing Na+ relative to Ca2+ activity. The change to stage II, which consists of zeolites species (stilbite, scolecite, natrolite, mesolite, analcime, and heulandite) that formed at higher temperatures, can be attributed to a temperature increase and fluid influx caused by hydrothermal activity related to a later magmatic event in the region.
Revascularization for a necrotic immature permanent lateral incisor: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kottoor Jojo , Velmurugan Natanasabapathy 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundRevascularization is a valuable treatment in immature necrotic teeth that allows the continuation of root development.Case ReportThis article describes the successful revascularization treatment of an immature maxillary lateral incisor that was initially diagnosed with apical periodontitis. The tooth was asymptomatic and functional clinically and radiographically during the follow‐up period of 5 years.ConclusionThe follow‐up showed evidence of progressive thickening of the dentinal walls, development of root length and apical closure. The article also discusses the currently available literature regarding revascularization of immature permanent teeth.
HLA population genetics: a Lebanese population
Authors: Cano Pedro , Testi Manuela , Andreani Marco , Khoriaty Evelyne , Monsef Jad Bou , Galluccio Tiziana , Troiano Maria , Fernandez‐Vina Marcelo , Inati Adlette 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1 loci were typed at high resolution. This study shows that information theory, as originally developed by Claude Shannon in 1948, provides a promising theoretical foundation to study the population genetics of a genetic system like HLA.Although Lebanese carry HLA alleles found in other populations, the association of these alleles into haplotypes is quite unique. Comparisons are made with the main ethnic groups. Two haplotypes well represented in the Lebanese population are not identified in any global population: L1 = {A*26:01:01 ‐ B*35:01:01:01‐ C*04:01:01:01‐ DRB1*16:01:01 ‐ DRB5*02:02 ‐ DQB1*05:02:01} and L2 = {A*02:02 ‐ B*41:01‐ C*17:01:01:01 ‐DRB1*11:04:01 ‐ DRB3*02:02:01:01‐ DQB1*03:01:01:01}.By studying linkage disequilibrium in two blocks at a time, with the division of the blocks at different levels in consecutive cycles, conserved haplotypes in full linkage disequilibrium come to light, such as {A*26:01:01‐ B*35:01:01:01 ‐ C*04:01:01:01 ‐ DRB1*16:01:01 ‐ DRB5*02:02 ‐ DQB1*05:02:01‐ DPB1*03:01:01} and {A*33:01:01 ‐ B*14:02:01 ‐ C*08:02:01 ‐ DRB1*01:02:01‐ DQB1*05:01:01:01 ‐ DPB1*04:01:01:01}.
ON THE EQUIVALENCE OF SOME INDICES OF SIMILARITY: IMPLICATION FOR BINARY PRESENCE/ABSENCE DATA
Authors: Albatineh Ahmed N. , Khan Hafiz M.R. , Niewiadomska‐Bugaj Magdalena 
Published: September 2012

SummaryCohen’s kappa, a special case of the weighted kappa, is a chance‐corrected index used extensively to quantify inter‐rater agreement in validation and reliability studies. In this paper, it is shown that in inter‐rater agreement for 2 × 2 tables, for two raters having the same number of opposite ratings, the weighted kappa, Cohen’s kappa, Peirce, Yule, Maxwell and Pilliner and Fleiss indices are identical. This implies that the weights in the weighted kappa are less important under such assumptions. Equivalently, it is shown that for two partitions of the same data set, resulting from two clustering algorithms having the same number of clusters with equal cluster sizes, these similarity indices are identical. Hence, an important characterisation is formulated relating equal numbers of clusters with the same cluster sizes to the presence/absence of a trait in a reliability study. Two numerical examples that exemplify the implication of this relationship are presented.
Moral Philosophers Are Moral Experts! A Reply to David Archard
Authors: Gordon John‐Stewart 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn his article ‘Why Moral Philosophers Are Not and Should Not Be Moral Experts’ David Archard attempts to show that his argument from common‐sense morality is more convincing than other competing arguments in the debate. I examine his main line of argumentation and eventually refute his main argument in my reply.
The Substance View: A Critique (Part 2)
Authors: Lovering Rob 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn my initial critique of the substance view, I raised reductio‐style objections to the substance view's conclusion that the standard human fetus has the same intrinsic value and moral standing as the standard adult human being, among others. In this follow‐up critique, I raise objections to some of the premises invoked in support of this conclusion. I begin by briefly presenting the substance view as well as its defense. (For a more thorough presentation, see the first part of my critique.) I then raise objections to three claims involved in the substance view's defense: the claim that the standard human fetus's intrinsic value and moral standing is a function of its potentiality; the claim that the standard human fetus's intrinsic value and moral standing is a function of its essential properties; and the claim that it is the possession of the basic potential for rational moral agency that best accounts for the wrongness of killing the standard human fetus, among others.
The Skies of Dante and Our Skies: A Response to Ilham Dilman
Authors: Diamond Cora 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe philosophical image of a “universe of discourse” can be misleading in the suggestions it carries about how to read Wittgenstein and how to approach the topic of the relation between language and reality. That is what I try to show by examining Ilham Dilman's discussion of medieval cosmology. I sketch an alternative account of the relation between medieval beliefs about the heavens and our astronomical beliefs, and I consider in detail the disagreement between the two accounts.
Peter Winch on Political Authority and Political Culture
Authors: Lagerspetz Olli 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPeter Winch, in his political philosophy, wanted to rethink the concepts of political authority, legitimacy and political culture, with a starting point in Wittgensteinian ideas. This essay brings together Winch's thoughts on political authority. Developing insights from Wittgenstein's work on certainty, Winch emphasised the unstated background behind any normative stand concerning authority. Ideas of legitimacy and civil society are formed within historically specific political cultures. In the 1990s, Winch was increasingly inclined to emphasise disagreement, which was related to his developing views on understanding, logic and reasoning. This development is traced, in part, on the basis of unpublished lecture notes.
R. F. Holland
Authors: Gaita Raimond 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMy tribute to R. F. Holland focuses on what he calls “absolute goodness.” I try to explain what he means by it and how it connects with the common belief that moral absolutism entails that some acts must not be done “whatever the consequences.” I argue that Holland believes that this sense of absolute value should be understood in the light of a conception of the kind he develops of absolute goodness; that he is right to believe that “absolute ethics” (his expression) conflicts with the nature of politics, but that he is wrong to believe that consequentialism is the ethics of politics. Holland believes that it is important to an adequate discussion of absolute ethics and politics to acknowledge that there are things a saints would find morally impossible to do. I defend him against the charger that this begs all the important questions, and I argue further that it is important to understand, even when thinking about politics, that there are things that only a saint could do.
The use of boundary objects to enhance interprofessional collaboration: integrating complementary medicine in a hospital setting
Authors: Keshet Yael , Ben‐Arye Eran , Schiff Elad 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBecause of the inherent complexity of human health, the provision of good quality patient care requires collaboration in multidisciplinary teams. Integrative healthcare provides a unique setting for the study of interprofessional collaboration in the context of power disparities. The research objective was to examine which means and mechanisms were used to facilitate interprofessional collaboration when integrating complementary medicine (CM) into a hospital’s surgical department. Throughout 2010 we conducted a qualitative study in an Israeli public hospital’s surgical department, using observations and 30 in‐depth interviews with managers, surgeons, physicians, nurses, patients and CM practitioners. The sociological concepts of boundary actor and boundary object and the context of power relations served as a framework for this research. This article contributes to the field of interprofessional collaborative care research by: analysing types of collaboration inhibitors – epistemological and social‐structural gaps; pointing to boundary actors who establish interprofessional collaboration in an integrative hospital setting and noting the boundary objects they use; and comparing collaboration levels. The collaboration between CM practitioners and the department’s staff is a loosely coupled system. When coordination was achieved, reaching profound agreements seemed of lesser importance to the parties. Closer collaboration and cross‐fertilisation were found among CM practitioners.
A review on the extensive skin benefits of mineral oil
Authors: Rawlings A. V. , Lombard K. J. 
Published: September 2012

SynopsisThis review was initially prepared in 2011 before Professor Johann Wiechers tragically passed away. It has been updated and is being published in his memory. It discusses the importance of mineral oil and its benefits to skin. Its source, structure, properties and efficacy are discussed. Mineral oil has been shown to improve skin softness and barrier function better than some other emollients using the gas‐bearing dynamometer and standard water vapour transmission testing as well as in vivo studies showing its effects on suppressing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). It has also been subjected to the rigour of the newer in vivo confocal microscopic measurements now used for testing the performance of moisturizers by following the swelling characteristics of the stratum corneum and been found favourable compared with many vegetable oils. Its introduction as a cosmetic oil was in the late 1800s, and still today, it is used as one of the main components of moisturizers, a true testament to its cost to efficacy window. Naturally, it has physical effects on the stratum corneum, but it is expected that these will translate into biological effects simply through its mechanism of hydrating and occluding the stratum corneum from which many benefits are derived.
Genomic dissection of small RNAs in wild rice (Oryza rufipogon): lessons for rice domestication
Authors: Wang Yu , Bai Xuefei , Yan Chenghai , Gui Yiejie , Wei Xinghua , Zhu Qian‐Hao , Guo Longbiao , Fan Longjiang 
Published: September 2012

Summary

The lack of a MIRNA set and genome sequence of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) has prevented us from determining the role of MIRNA genes in rice domestication.

In this study, a genome, three small RNA populations and a degradome of O. rufipogon were sequenced by Illumina platform and the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) were investigated by miRNA chips.

A de novo O. rufipogon genome was assembled using c. 55× coverage of raw sequencing data and a total of 387 MIRNAs were identified in the O. rufipogon genome based on c. 5.2 million unique small RNA reads from three different tissues of O. rufipogon. Of these, O. rufipogon MIRNAs, 259 were not found in the cultivated rice, suggesting a loss of these MIRNAs in the cultivated rice. We also found that 48 MIRNAs were novel in the cultivated rice, suggesting that they were potential targets of domestication selection. Some miRNAs showed significant expression differences between wild and cultivated rice, suggesting that expression of miRNA could also be a target of domestication, as demonstrated for the miR164 family.

Our results illustrated that MIRNA genes, like protein‐coding genes, might have been significantly shaped during rice domestication and could be one of the driving forces that contributed to rice domestication.
Toward an understanding of the emotion‐modulated startle eyeblink reflex: The case of anger
Authors: Peterson Carly K. , Harmon‐Jones Eddie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThree studies investigated the effect of angering pictures on the startle eyeblink response, based on anger's unique identity as an approach‐oriented negative affect. In Study 1, eyeblinks to startling noise probes during angering and neutral pictures did not differ, despite angering pictures being rated higher on arousal and anger and more negative in valence. Study 2 replicated Study 1; also, dysphoric participants exhibited potentiated eyeblinks to probes during angering pictures much like those to probes during fear/disgust stimuli. A follow‐up study revealed that dysphoric participants rated angering pictures higher in fear. Study 3 again found that eyeblinks to probes during angering and neutral pictures did not differ. Taken together, these results suggest that probes during angering stimuli elicit eyeblinks much like those during neutral stimuli, perhaps due to the competing influences of arousal, valence, and motivation on the startle eyeblink reflex.
Ethics Education in Research Involving Human Beings in Undergraduate Medicine Curriculum in Brazil
Authors: Novaes Maria Rita Garbi , Guilhem Dirce , Barragan Elena , Mennin Stewart 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe Brazilian national curriculum guidelines for undergraduate medicine courses inspired and influenced the groundwork for knowledge acquisition, skills development and the perception of ethical values in the context of professional conduct.ObjectiveThe evaluation of ethics education in research involving human beings in undergraduate medicine curriculum in Brazil, both in courses with active learning processes and in those with traditional lecture learning methodologies.MethodsCurricula and teaching projects of 175 Brazilian medical schools were analyzed using a retrospective historical and descriptive exploratory cohort study. Thirty one medical schools were excluded from the study because of incomplete information or a refusal to participate. Active research for information from institutional sites and documents was guided by terms based on 69 DeCS/MeSH descriptors. Curriculum information was correlated with educational models of learning such as active learning methodologies, tutorial discussions with integrated curriculum into core modules, and traditional lecture learning methodologies for large classes organized by disciplines and reviewed by occurrence frequency of ethical themes and average hourly load per semester.ResultsNinety‐five medical schools used traditional learning methodologies. The ten most frequent ethical themes were: 1 – ethics in research (26); 2 – ethical procedures and advanced technology (46); 3 – ethic‐professional conduct (413). Over 80% of schools using active learning methodologies had between 50 and 100 hours of scheduled curriculum time devoted to ethical themes whereas more than 60% of traditional learning methodology schools devoted less than 50 hours in curriculum time to ethical themes.ConclusionThe data indicates that medical schools that employ more active learning methodologies provide more attention and time to ethical themes than schools with traditional discipline‐based methodologies. Given the importance of ethical issues in contemporary medical education, these findings are significant for curriculum change and modification plans in the future of Brazilian medical education.