bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinking beyond organism energy use: a trait‐based bioenergetic mechanistic approach for predictions of life history traits in marine organisms
Authors: Sarà Gianluca , Rinaldi Alessandro , Montalto Valeria 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe functional trait‐based bioenergetic approach is emergent in many ecological spectra, from the conservation of natural resources to mitigation and adaptation strategies in a global climate change context. Such an approach relies on being able to exploit mechanistic rules to connect environmental human‐induced variability to functional traits (i.e. all those specific traits defining species in terms of their ecological roles) and use these to provide estimates of species life history traits (LH;e.g. body size, fecundity per life span, number of reproductive events).LHs are species‐specific and proximate determinants of population characteristics in a certain habitat. They represent the most valuable quantitative information to investigate how broad potential distributional boundaries of a species are, and to feed predictive population models. There is much to be found in the current literature that describes mechanistic functional trait‐based bioenergetics models, using them to test ecological hypotheses, but a mathematical framework often renders interpretation and use complicated. Here, we wanted to present a simpler interpretation and description of one of the most important recent mechanistic bioenergetic theories: the dynamic energy budget theory by Kooijman (Dynamic Energy Budget Theory for Metabolic Organisation, 2010, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Our main aim was to disentangle those aspects that at first reading may seem too mathematically challenging to many marine biologists, ecologists and environmental scientists, and present them for use in mechanistic applications.
Differential gene expression by Moniliophthora roreri while overcoming cacao tolerance in the field
Authors: Bailey Bryan A. , Melnick Rachel L. , Strem Mary D. , Crozier Jayne , Shao Jonathan , Sicher Richard , Phillips‐Mora Wilberth , Ali Shahin S. , Zhang Dapeng , Meinhardt Lyndel 
Published: February 2014

SummaryFrosty pod rot (FPR) of Theobroma cacao (cacao) is caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Moniliophthora roreri. Cacao clones tolerant to FPR are being planted throughout Central America. To determine whether M. roreri shows a differential molecular response during successful infections of tolerant clones, we collected field‐infected pods at all stages of symptomatology for two highly susceptible clones (Pound‐7 and CATIE‐1000) and three tolerant clones (UF‐273, CATIE‐R7 and CATIE‐R4). Metabolite analysis was carried out on clones Pound‐7, CATIE‐1000, CATIE‐R7 and CATIE‐R4. As FPR progressed, the concentrations of sugars in pods dropped, whereas the levels of trehalose and mannitol increased. Associations between symptoms and fungal loads and some organic and amino acid concentrations varied depending on the clone. RNA‐Seq analysis identified 873 M. roreri genes that were differentially expressed between clones, with the primary difference being whether the clone was susceptible or tolerant. Genes encoding transcription factors, heat shock proteins, transporters, enzymes modifying membranes or cell walls and metabolic enzymes, such as malate synthase and alternative oxidase, were differentially expressed. The differential expression between clones of 43 M. roreri genes was validated by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression profiles of some genes were similar in susceptible and tolerant clones (other than CATIE‐R4) and varied with the biotrophic/necrotropic shift. Moniliophthora roreri genes associated with stress metabolism and responses to heat shock and anoxia were induced early in tolerant clones, their expression profiles resembling that of the necrotrophic phase. Moniliophthora roreri stress response genes, induced during the infection of tolerant clones, may benefit the fungus in overcoming cacao defense mechanisms.
Metabolic Syndrome Increases the Prevalence of Spine Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gandhi Rajiv , Woo Kenneth M , Zywiel Michael G , Rampersaud Y Raja 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether the prevalence of severe spinal osteoarthritis (OA) increases with the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors.MethodsData from a single surgeon's high volume, spine surgery practice were reviewed. Severe OA was defined as degenerative spondylolisthesis or cervical or lumbar stenosis causing neurologically based symptoms and early OA as lumbar and cervical spondylosis causing axial pain only. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine the odds (adjusted for age and sex) of having severe spine OA with more numerous MetS risk factors.ResultsSevere spinal OA was identified in 839/1502 patients (55.9%) and early OA in the remaining 663 individuals (44.1%). The overall prevalence of MetS was 30/1502 (2.0%): 26/839 (3.1%) in the severe OA group and 4/663 (0.6%) in the early OA group (P = 0.001). Presence of all four MetS risk factors was associated with almost quadruple the odds of having severe OA as compared with absence of risk factors (OR 3.9 [1.4–11.6], P < 0.01).ConclusionThe components of MetS are more prevalent in subjects with severe spinal OA than in those with spondylosis causing axial pain. Future study of the association between MetS and the incidence of OA is required.
Vasovagal syncope and severe bradycardia following intranasal dexmedetomidine for pediatric procedural sedation
Authors: Patel Vinit J. , Ahmed Sheikh S. , Nitu Mara E. , Rigby Mark R. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWe report syncope and bradycardia in an 11‐year‐old girl following administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine for sedation for a voiding cystourethrogram. Following successful completion of VCUG and a 60‐min recovery period, the patient's level of consciousness and vital signs returned to presedation levels. Upon leaving the sedation area, the patient collapsed, with no apparent inciting event. The patient quickly regained consciousness and no injury occurred. The primary abnormality found was persistent bradycardia, and she was admitted to the hospital for telemetric observation. The bradycardia lasted ~2 h, and further cardiac workup revealed no underlying abnormality. Unanticipated and previously unreported outcomes may be witnessed as we expand the use of certain sedatives to alternative routes of administration.
Dimerization of Resveratrol Induced by Red Light and Its Synergistic Analgesic Effects with Cobra Neurotoxin
Authors: Ye Yong , Fang Fei , Li Yue 
Published: February 2014

AbstractResveratrol polymer has better effects than monomer in some aspects as reported, but most of synthetic methods acquire severe conditions and no analgesic effects are investigated. A novel method is found to synthesize resveratrol polymer by excitation of photosensitizer pheophorbide at red light of 630 nm. The polymer was analyzed by fluorescence spectra and HPLC, further isolated by preparative liquid chromatography and identified as a resveratrol dimer by MS and NMR. Analgesic effects were measured by acetic acid writhing and hot‐plate test in mice. The resveratrol dimer has the stronger analgesic effects than monomer, and drug combination of the dimer and cobra neurotoxin enhances and prolongs analgesic effects, suggesting the synergistic action. Simulation of molecular interaction reveals that the dimer spontaneously binds to cobra neurotoxin and makes a complex substance. The dimer can interact with cyclooxygenase‐2, μ receptor and nicotine receptor, the synergistic analgesic effects of the complex are attributed to its multiple targets role. The combination of resveratrol dimer and cobra neurotoxin may make up for their deficiencies in analgesic effects, and has prospects in clinical use.
Resting and task‐elicited prefrontal EEG alpha asymmetry in depression: Support for the capability model
Authors: Stewart Jennifer L. , Coan James A. , Towers David N. , Allen John J. B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe capability model of frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) asymmetry suggests that brain activity during emotional challenge will be a more powerful indicator of predispositions toward psychopathology than activity observed at rest. EEG data were assessed during a resting baseline and a facial emotion task, wherein individuals with (n = 143) and without (n = 163) lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) made approach (angry and happy) and withdrawal (afraid and sad) facial expressions. EEG asymmetry during emotional challenge was a more powerful indicator of MDD status than resting asymmetry for average, Cz, and linked mastoid references, results in support of the capability model. However, current‐source‐density (CSD) transformed asymmetry was indicative of lifetime MDD status under resting and task‐elicited conditions. Findings suggest that CSD‐transformed data may be more robust indicators of trait frontal EEG asymmetry.
Exhaled breath condensate pH decreases during exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Bikov Andras , Galffy Gabriella , Tamasi Lilla , Bartusek Dora , Antus Balazs , Losonczy Gyorgy , Horvath Ildiko 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveExercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is the temporary narrowing of the airways caused by physical exercise. Its exact pathophysiology is unclear; however, acute changes in airways pH may play a role. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH was suggested as a surrogate indicator for airway acid–base status, but its value is also affected by volatile molecules and respiratory droplet dilution. The aim of the study was to assess changes in EBC pH during EIB.MethodsTwenty‐two asthmatics who reported breathlessness following exercise and 16 healthy individuals participated in the study. Lung function test was performed and exhaled breath samples were collected for pH, dilution factor and volatile compound pattern measurements (Cyranose 320) pre‐exercise and at 0, 10, 20 and 30 min after physical exercise challenge. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide was measured before exercise.ResultsEIB developed in 13 asthmatic subjects. In these participants, but not in the EIB‐negative asthmatics (P = 0.51), EBC pH reduced significantly during exercise (P = 0.01). In addition, changes in EBC pH were related to the degree of bronchospasm in the EIB‐positive group (P = 0.01, r = 0.68). Exhaled volatile pattern became altered (P < 0.05) during exercise in all subjects (asthmatics and controls). EBC pH changes were not related to EBC dilution or volatile compound pattern alterations (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe development of EIB was related to acute changes of EBC pH, which suggest the role of airway pH decrease in the pathophysiology of EIB. Exercise‐induced changes in exhaled biomarkers suggest methodological precautions to avoid physical exercise before performing exhaled breath tests.
THE PALLIATIVE AND END OF LIFE CARE PRIORITY SETTING PARTNERSHIP (PEOLCPSP): DETERMINING EVIDENCE UNCERTAINTIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE END USER OF RESEARCH
Authors: Best Sabine , Tate Teresa , Noble Bill , Eley Joanna , Black Joanna , Stockton Mike , Cheesley Amanda , Berry Lauren , Loftus Rosie , Dechamps Andrea , Stevens Elaine , Penny Alison , McEnhill Linda , McNair Alan , Cupid Belinda , Fryett Sarah , Kerr Angharad , McIlfatrick Sonja , Nelson Annmarie , Candy Bridget , Cowan Katherine 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundPalliative and end of life care research is an underdeveloped research area [National end of life care strategy, 2008; Rapid Review NCRI, 2010].The importance of involving patients and clinicians in the setting of research questions to avoid funding research that is of low relevance to the end users of the research findings has been highlighted [Chalmers and Glasziou, 2009].Initiated by Marie Curie Cancer Care, a large number of organisations have come together to form the ‘Palliative and end of life care Priority Setting Partnership’ (PeolcPSP) with the James Lind Alliance. The PeolcPSP is co-funded by Marie Curie Cancer Care, Chief Scientist Office, NIHR, MND Association, NISCHR, Macmillan Cancer Support, CR-UK, HSCNI, MRC and ESRC.AimsThe aim of the PeolcPSP is to identify unanswered questions about palliative and end of life care and then prioritise those that people who are likely to be in the last years of life, current and bereaved carers and professionals working with people at the end of life agree are the most important.MethodsThe process commences with a survey. People are asked to submit questions or ‘evidence uncertainties’ about care, support and treatment for people with life-limiting conditions who may be in the last years of life and about support for current or bereaved carers.Survey responses are categorised by an information scientist who also checks whether any of the submitted evidence uncertainties have already been addressed by existing evidence. Priority setting workshops with patients, carers and professionals are carried out to determine the ‘top ten’ evidence uncertainties in any category, using the Nominal Group Technique.ResultsThe results of the PeolcPSP will inform partners' research strategies and will allow funding bodies to target limited funds to research priorities of the end user.We will report preliminary findings on the process and types of questions proposed.
HOSPICE AT HOME: OPTIMISING CARE AND ENABLING HOME DEATH
Authors: Buck Jackie , Moth Lorraine , Webb Liz , Morgan Lynn , Morris Zoe , Lay Maggie , Barclay Stephen 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe Cambridgeshire Hospice at Home (H@H) service provides specialist community care for people approaching the end of their lives, enabling them to be cared for and to die at home if that is their wish. An independent evaluation is underway that is both shaping the evolving service and providing commissioners with detailed information needed to ensure continuing NHS funding.MethodsA multifaceted approach has employed:a) Detailed case-note review of all 450 patients referred to the service between January 2012 and August 2013, from referral through to post bereavement follow-up. Data includes each patient/family assessment, multidisciplinary visit, telephone call and night care episode, collated to capture the range of holistic care. Analysis is descriptive.b) Interviews with individuals clustered around 17 deceased patients, including bereaved carer, H@H staff member most involved in the case, the referring healthcare professional (HCP) and other professionals significantly involved. Carer interviews generate understanding of the patient and carer in their environment, background to the illness, care provided, service related issues and experience since the death. Interviews with H@H staff and HCPs address the experience of being a H@H Nurse, involvement with the patient, communication and service related issues. Analysis uses constant comparative methods.Results/findingsData collection is still underway and ends in October. Of the 207 deaths analysed to date, 166 (80.1%) died at home, 38 (18.8%) in hospice and 3 (1.4%) in hospital; 196 (94.7%) died in their preferred place. Description of the complete quantitative dataset will be presented, alongside analysis of the qualitative interviews (by group–carer/staff/other HCP and by cluster.
LIVING WITH COPD AND FACING DEATH: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION NEEDS ABOUT END-OF-LIFE ISSUES
Authors: Hakkak Frances , Forbes Karen , Dowson Lee 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundExisting studies suggest that patients with COPD would like to know more about end-of-life issues such as prognosis, advance directives, intubation/mechanical ventilation and what dying might be like. Most want to be involved in end-of-life decision making but feel that doctors should initiate such discussions. Knowing when to discuss these issues can be difficult as the length of time between diagnosis and pre-terminal events varies widely in this group.Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore COPD patients' understanding, experience, views and information needs regarding end-of-life issues using qualitative methods.MethodsThe study was carried out within a respiratory department of an acute NHS trust in the West Midlands. Patients from four groups were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. 1. New referrals to a COPD clinic. 2. Patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation. 3. Patients on long term oxygen therapy. 4. Patients who have required one or more episode of ventilation. Transcribed data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwelve patients were interviewed. Three major themes were identified: “living with COPD”, “facing death”, and “planning for the end of life”. Patients knew very little about end-of-life issues and advance care planning. Patients were not keen to discuss these issues until they had reached the stage of having already been ventilated. When discussions did occur they were initiated by doctors.ConclusionsPatients with COPD are reluctant to discuss end-of-life issues at a time when such discussions could be most helpful. Further research is required in order to determine how, in practice, information and discussions about end-of-life issues can be successfully introduced at an earlier stage whilst still being acceptable to patients.
WHAT NOW? HOSPITAL DOCTORS' EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE LIVERPOOL CARE PATHWAY IN TIMES OF CHANGE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Twigger Sharon , Yardley Sarah 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundIntroducing ‘The Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient’ (LCP) to acute settings in the UK was intended to transfer hospice models of high quality end-of-life care onto hospital wards. Growing criticism and concerns, (from the public, media, politicians and healthcare workers), regarding when and how the LCP was used has culminated in an independent review recommending the LCP is phased out of use. Despite this, limited research exists exploring doctors' perceptions of the LCP.AimsTo explore lived experiences of hospital doctors using the LCP, how these experiences have influenced their practices and perceptions of the LCP and how wider application in hospitals went wrong, in order to inform future interventions seeking to improve end-of-life care.MethodsFollowing a systematic review of the literature on use of the LCP in hospitals prospective ethical approval was received to recruit participants. Consultants and registrars, from an acute hospital in England, were purposively selected for one-to-one in-depth interviews. The topic guide covered positive and negative experiences of the LCP, individuals' perceptions, external influences and training. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.ResultsIn this paper we present our thematic findings and an interpretative analysis of lessons to be learned from the ‘LCP experience’ in hospitals. We will discuss how participants created meaning and constructed knowledge from their real life experiences. We will consider how these experiences, and external factors, influenced decision-making with respect to the LCP and end-of-life care more generally.ConclusionsThe need for high quality end-of-life care in hospitals remains, regardless of how history may judge the LCP from inception to withdrawal. Now is the time for specialist palliative care to learn the lessons of the LCP era and to work with generalists, the public, media and policy-makers to improve end-of-life care for the future.
Prevalence and molecular characterisation of the sessile serrated adenoma in a subset of the Chinese population
Authors: Qiu Ye , Fu Xiangsheng , Zhang Wei , Xu Yong , Xiao Lanyue , Chen Xia , Shi Lei , Zhou Xian , Xia Guodong , Peng Yan , Deng Mingming 
Published: February 2014

AimsThe incidence and mortality rates from right-sided colorectal cancers (CRCs) have not decreased in recent years. It is very likely that a significant proportion of these cancers evolve from undetected sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs). The prevalence and molecular features of the SSAs in the Chinese population have seldom been investigated.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the colonoscopy database and pathology archives in our medical centre. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin expressions were examined in 28 right hyperplastic polyps (RHPs) and 21 SSAs by immunohistochemical staining. The mutations ofBRAF,KRAS,APCandβ-CATENINwere analysed by direct sequencing. The methylation status ofAPCpromoter in these polyps was analysed by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Samples of left hyperplastic polyps, traditional adenomas and CRC were used as controls.ResultsSSAs accounted for 4.9% of serrated polyps and 1.0% of all colorectal polyps.BRAF(V600E)mutations were found in 14.3% of SSAs and 7.1% of RHPs. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin was seen in 28.6% of SSAs and 17.9% of RHPs.APCmutations were detected in 57.1% of SSAs and 67.9% of RHPs.APCmethylation was detected in 14.3% of RHPs and 23.8% of SSAs.ConclusionsThe prevalence of SSAs in a subset of the Chinese population is much lower than that in the Western population.BRAF(V600E)mutation is not a frequent event in right colon serrated polyps in a subset of the Chinese population.APCmutation is possibly the main cause for the Wnt signalling activation in right colon serrated polyps.
ADAPT FAST study: a direct aspiration first pass technique for acute stroke thrombectomy
Authors: Turk Aquilla S , Frei Don , Fiorella David , Mocco J , Baxter Blaise , Siddiqui Adnan , Spiotta Alex , Mokin Maxim , Dewan Michael , Quarfordt Steve , Battenhouse Holly , Turner Raymond , Chaudry Imran 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe development of new revascularization devices has improved recanalization rates and time, but not clinical outcomes. We report a prospectively collected clinical experience with a new technique utilizing a direct aspiration first pass technique with large bore aspiration catheter as the primary method for vessel recanalization.Methods98 prospectively identified acute ischemic stroke patients with 100 occluded large cerebral vessels at six institutions were included in the study. The ADAPT technique was utilized in all patients. Procedural and clinical data were captured for analysis.ResultsThe aspiration component of the ADAPT technique alone was successful in achieving Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b or 3 revascularization in 78% of cases. The additional use of stent retrievers improved the TICI 2b/3 revascularization rate to 95%. The average time from groin puncture to at least TICI 2b recanalization was 37 min. A 5MAX demonstrated similar success to a 5MAX ACE in achieving TICI 2b/3 revascularization alone (75% vs 82%, p=0.43). Patients presented with an admitting median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 17.0 (12.0–21.0) and improved to a median NIHSS score at discharge of 7.3 (1.0–11.0). Ninety day functional outcomes were 40% (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2) and 20% (mRS 6). There were two procedural complications and no symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages.DiscussionThe ADAPT technique is a fast, safe, simple, and effective method that has facilitated our approach to acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy by utilizing the latest generation of large bore aspiration catheters to achieve previously unparalleled angiographic outcomes.