bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underestimation of microzooplankton grazing in dilution experiments due to inhibition of phytoplankton growth
Authors: Stoecker Diane K. , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Madhusoodhanan Rakhesh , Pohnert Georg , Wolfram Stefanie , Jakobsen Hans Henrik , Šulčius Sigitas , Larsen Aud 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMicrozooplankton dilution grazing experiments conducted in phytoplankton rich waters, particularly in polar and subpolar seas, often result in calculation of nonsignificant or negative grazing coefficients. We hypothesized that preparation of filtered seawater (FSW) from water containing high biomass of phytoplankton results in release of allelochemicals that inhibit phytoplankton growth, lowering the net growth of phytoplankton in the more diluted treatments. We tested this hypothesis during blooms of Skeletonema marinoi and Phaeocystis pouchetii in a nutrient‐enriched mesocosm in the Raunefjord, Norway. During the S. marinoi bloom, inhibition of phytoplankton growth occurred in the diluted treatments. Simultaneously the concentration of total as well as dissolved polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) was elevated. Passage of the FSW through a carbon cellulose cartridge to remove dissolved organic material reduced, or eliminated, the inhibition. In the early phase of the P. pouchetii bloom that followed the diatom bloom in the mesocosm, PUA concentration was relatively low and the untreated FSW had a less drastic, but often significant, inhibitory effect on phytoplankton growth. Laboratory experiments with cultures of S. marinoi and P. pouchetii confirmed that material present in filtrate prepared from diluted cultures was self‐inhibitory. Many phytoplankters, particularly during late stages of a bloom, produce inhibitory metabolites that may be released during filtration of the relatively large volumes of seawater needed for dilution experiments. Under some conditions, dilution grazing experiments may underestimate phytoplankton growth coefficients and microzooplankton grazing coefficients.
Measurement of DMS, DMSO, and DMSP in natural waters by automated sequential chemical analysis
Authors: Asher Elizabeth C. , Dacey John W. H. , Jarniková Tereza , Tortell Philippe D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are key components of the marine sulfur cycle. The concentrations of these compounds exhibit large spatial and temporal variability in the surface ocean, creating a need for high resolution sampling. Existing automated underway measurement systems for DMS do not measure DMSP or DMSO, so their spatial variability is less well‐characterized. We present an accurate and robust method for the automated, high throughput sampling and measurement of DMS, DMSO, and DMSP (DMS/O/P) in a single water sample. The method is based on a three‐step sequence of purge and trap gas chromatography, where DMS analysis is followed by the enzymatic reduction of DMSO to DMS and the alkaline hydrolysis of DMSP to DMS. The system, which we call the Organic Sulfur Sequential Chemical Analysis Robot (OSSCAR), includes automated calibrations and blank determinations. OSSCAR can be used as a front‐end system for any sulfur detector and is suited for continuous underway analysis or the measurement of discrete water samples. The system described here has a minimum detection limit of ∼ 0.1 nM of DMS/O/P in a 2.5 mL sample. Assessment of liquid standards and intercalibration against independent analytical systems demonstrate good precision and accuracy of our method. Shipboard analysis of surface water DMS/O/P concentrations on a transect from Ocean Station Papa (50°N, 145°W) to Vancouver Island demonstrates the utility of OSSCAR for mapping variability in reduced sulfur compounds across dynamic and contrasting oceanographic conditions.
The efficacy of clove oil for anaesthesia of eight species of Australian tropical freshwater teleosts
Authors: Kroon Frederieke J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe efficacy of clove oil for anaesthesia was examined on eight species of Australian tropical freshwater fishes: the native Mulgrave goby (Glossogobius bellendenensis, Gobiidae), empire gudgeon (Hypseleotris compressa) and sleepy cod (Oxyeleotris lineolatus) (both Eleotrididae), Eastern rainbowfish (Melanotaenia splendida, Melanotaeniidae), Pacific blue‐eye (Pseudomugil signifer, Pseudomugilidae), and eel‐tailed catfish (Tandanus tandanus, Plotosidae), and the non‐native species spotted tilapia (Pelmatolapia mariae, Cichlidae) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata, Poecilidae). Induction to anaesthesia, recovery from anaesthesia and survival of fish were determined for five concentrations (20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 80 mg/L, and 160 mg/L). A 20 mg/L clove oil concentration was not sufficient to induce a loss of reflex reactivity within 10 min for most individuals (> 85%) in the eight species examined. Effective clove oil concentrations for anaesthesia induction and recovery (40–80 mg/L) for seven out of the eight species examined overlap with those reported for other tropical freshwater fish species. Differences in induction and recovery times among treatments were not always independent of fish size for G. bellendenensis, M. splendida, O. lineolatus, and P. mariae, emphasizing the importance of taking biological and environmental factors into account when determining and applying effective clove oil concentrations for anaesthesia in fish. In contrast, long recovery times and mortality for T. tandanus in even relatively low concentrations suggests that clove oil may not be an appropriate anaesthetic for at least some fish species.
The origin, measurement and control of fine particles in non‐aqueous hydraulic fluids and their effect on fluid and system performance
Authors: Phillips W. D. , Staniewski J. W. G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWhen assessing the cleanliness of industrial hydraulic fluids, current procedures focus on particles above 4 µm in size. However, the use of more sophisticated techniques has confirmed that substantial numbers of much smaller particles can be formed in use — mainly by high‐temperature degradation processes.The paper outlines the mechanisms for fine particle generation and procedures for their measurement and control. Significant quantities can adversely affect fluid surface‐active properties and hinder the operation of system components.The effect of flow electrification or applied electrical fields to assist filtration is also discussed. The paper suggests that residual charge could stabilise particle dispersions, assist the depletion of dispersed anti‐foam particles and affect foam stability.An extension of the ISO 4406 cleanliness code to quantify the presence of fine particulate is recommended as is the need for further work to investigate the limits that should be placed on their presence in different applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain alterations with deep brain stimulation: New insight from a neuropathological case series
Authors: Kronenbuerger Martin , Nolte Kay Wilhelm , Coenen Volker Arnd , Burgunder Jean‐Marc , Krauss Joachim K. , Weis Joachim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies on human brain tissue alterations caused by deep brain stimulation described glial and reactive inflammatory changes. In the current pathoanatomical study, we extended the analysis to signs of axonal changes and the influence of concomitant disease.MethodsBrains of 10 patients with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor and a total of 18 electrodes were systematically examined up to 7.5 y after surgery.ResultsIn general, tissue that had long‐term contact with the electrode material exhibited astrogliosis in all, T‐lymphocytes in 93%, and multinucleated giant cells in 68% of patients. Immunohistochemistry showed an increase in amyloid precursor protein immunoreactive axonal swellings in the brain at the electrically active parts of the electrodes. Patients who died of septicemia showed a more severe astrogliosis and giant cell reaction than patients who died of cardiovascular events. Parkinson's disease or essential tremor did not differentially produce histopathological changes around the electrodes.ConclusionLong‐term electrical stimulation by deep brain stimulation causes minor axonal changes. The cause of death, but not the underlying neurological disease, affects the histopathological changes around the electrode. The findings need to be reproduced by examining larger patient subgroups. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A new F‐box protein 7 gene mutation causing typical Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lohmann Ebba , Coquel Anne‐Sophie , Honoré Aurélie , Gurvit Hakan , Hanagasi Hasmet , Emre Murat , Leutenegger Anne L. , Drouet Valérie , Sahbatou Mourad , Guven Gamze , Erginel‐Unaltuna Nihan , Deleuze Jean‐Francois , Lesage Suzanne , Brice Alexis 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecessive mutations in the F‐box protein 7 gene (FBXO7; PARK15) have been identified as a cause of the parkinsonian‐pyramidal syndrome. Here, we report clinical and genetic findings in a Turkish family with novel FBXO7 mutations.MethodsWhole exome and targeted Sanger sequencing were performed for genetic analysis in a family with two members affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). All family members underwent detailed clinical, mental, and neurological examination.ResultsThe new p.L34R (c.101 T>G) FBXO7 mutation was detected in a homozygous state in two Turkish sibs with typical levodopa‐responsive PD.ConclusionThis is the first time a FBXO7 mutation has been identified that causes a phenotype compatible with typical idiopathic PD and presents with some of its common nonmotor features, such as rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, depression, and anxiety. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Complementary phenol‐enriched olive oil improves HDL characteristics in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A randomized, double‐blind, crossover, controlled trial. The VOHF study
Authors: Farràs Marta , Castañer Olga , Martín‐Peláez Sandra , Hernáez Álvaro , Schröder Helmut , Subirana Isaac , Muñoz‐Aguayo Daniel , Gaixas Sònia , Torre Rafael de la , Farré Magí , Rubió Laura , Díaz Óscar , Fernández‐Castillejo Sara , Solà Rosa , Motilva Maria José , Fitó Montserrat 
Published: May 2015

ScopeConsumption of olive oil (OO) phenolic compounds (PCs) has beneficial effects on lipid profile. HDL functionality is currently considered to be a more important issue than its circulating quantity. Our aim was to assess whether functional virgin olive oils (FVOOs), one enriched with its own PC (500 ppm; FVOO) and another with OOPC (250 ppm) plus additional complementary PCs from thyme (250 ppm) (total: 500 ppm; FVOOT (functional virgin olive oil with thyme)), could improve HDL functionality related properties versus a virgin OO control (80 ppm; VOO).Methods and resultsIn a randomized, double‐blind, crossover, controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic volunteers received 25 mL/day of VOO, FVOO, and FVOOT during 3 wk. HDL cholesterol increased 5.74% (p < 0.05) versus its baseline after the FVOOT consumption in the participants without hypolipidemic medication. We detected, after FVOOT consumption, an increase in HDL2‐subclass (34.45, SD = 6.38) versus VOO intake (32.73, SD = 6.71). An increment in esterified cholesterol/free cholesterol and phospholipids/free cholesterol in HDL was observed after FVOOT consumption (1.73, SD = 0.56; 5.44, SD = 1.39) compared with VOO intervention (1.53, SD = 0.35; 4.97, SD = 0.81) and FVOO intervention (1.50, SD = 0.33; 4.97, SD = 0.81). Accordingly, lecithin‐cholesterol acyltransferase mass increased after FVOOT consumption (1228 μg/mL, SD = 130), compared with VOO consumption (1160 μg/mL, SD = 144). An improvement in HDL oxidative‐status was reflected after FVOOT consumption versus its baseline, given an increment in the paraoxonase activity (118 × 103 U/L, SD = 24).ConclusionFVOOT improves HDL‐subclass distribution and composition, and metabolism/antioxidant enzyme activities. FVOOT could be a useful dietary tool in the management of high cardiovascular risk patients.
Capsaicin alleviates abnormal intestinal motility through regulation of enteric motor neurons and MLCK activity: Relevance to intestinal motility disorders
Authors: Chen Dapeng , Xiong Yongjian , Lin Yuan , Tang Zeyao , Wang Jingyu , Wang Li , Yao Jihong 
Published: May 2015

ScopeCapsaicin is an active component of chili peppers, having diverse effects. However, the effects of capsaicin on intestinal motility are still controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of capsaicin on intestinal motility disorder and uncover related mechanisms.Materials and resultsA rat model with intestinal motility disorder was established in vitro through adding different stimuli into tissue bath; in vivo using constipation and diarrhea model, respectively. Capsaicin exerted dual effects on intestinal motility, i.e. the relaxation and contraction of jejunum induced by corresponding stimulus were, respectively, regulated to be normal contraction by capsaicin. The mechanisms underlined capsaicin‐induced dual effects were investigated using Western blotting, qRT‐PCR, and whole‐cell patch clamp, respectively. Results showed that cholinergic excitatory nerves, adrenergic nerves, and neurons containing nitric oxide synthase, which are the main muscle motor neurons in enteric nervous system (ENS), are involved in capsaicin‐induced dual effects. The competition for regulation of Ca2+ influx by capsaicin induced the interaction with components of the ENS. Capsaicin significantly increased myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression and myosin phosphorylation extent in jejunal segments of constipation‐prominent rats and significantly decreased MLCK expression and myosin phosphorylation extent in jejunal segments of diarrhea‐prominent rats.ConclusionIn summary, capsaicin alleviates abnormal intestinal motility through regulating enteric motor neurons and MLCK activity, which is beneficial for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Estrogen and progesterone differentially regulate the levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), adenylate cyclase (AC), and cyclic adenosine mono‐phosphate (cAMP) in the rat cervix
Authors: Ismail Nurain , Giribabu Nelli , Muniandy Sekaran , Salleh Naguib 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYThe consistency of the cervical mucus changes with the reproductive cycle, which we hypothesized involved changing levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), adenylate cyclase (AC), and cyclic adenosine mono‐phosphate (cAMP). We therefore measured the abundance of each in the rat cervix under estrogen and progesterone influence to determine if the activity of these components could explain the changes in the consistency of cervical mucus. Ovariectomised adult female rats were treated with three days of either estrogen (1 μg/kg/day) or progesterone (20 mg/kg/day), or three days of estrogen followed by two days of either vehicle or progesterone or estrogen plus progesterone. In some groups, mifepristone (7 mg/kg/day) was concurrently given with progesterone. Animals were then sacrificed, and the cervix was harvested for protein and mRNA expression analyses by Western blot and real‐time PCR, respectively. The distribution of proteins was investigated by immunohistochemistry, and levels of cAMP were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cftr mRNA, AC protein, and cAMP levels in cervical homogenates as well as the tissue distribution of CFTR and AC in endocervical epithelia were highest under estrogen influence; the opposite pattern was seen under progesterone influence. Cervical lumen circumference was highest under estrogen and lowest under progesterone. The effects of progesterone were antagonized by mifepristone. Therefore, increased abundance of CFTR, AC, and cAMP under estrogen influence could account for the increased fluid accumulation within the cervical lumen, which would contribute to lower cervical mucus consistency, whereas progesterone reverses this effect at the molecular and organ level. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 463–474, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peptide folding driven by Van der Waals interactions
Authors: Sung Shen‐Shu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractContrary to the widespread view that hydrogen bonding and its entropy effect play a dominant role in protein folding, folding into helical and hairpin‐like structures is observed in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations without hydrogen bonding in the peptide‐solvent system. In the widely used point charge model, hydrogen bonding is calculated as part of the interaction between atomic partial charges. It is removed from these simulations by setting atomic charges of the peptide and water to zero. Because of the structural difference between the peptide and water, van der Waals (VDW) interactions favor peptide intramolecular interactions and are a major contributing factor to the structural compactness. These compact structures are amino acid sequence dependent and closely resemble standard secondary structures, as a consequence of VDW interactions and covalent bonding constraints. Hydrogen bonding is a short range interaction and it locks the approximate structure into the specific secondary structure when it is included in the simulation. In contrast to standard molecular simulations where the total energy is dominated by charge‐charge interactions, these simulation results will give us a new view of the folding mechanism.
FFT‐based multidimensional linear attack on PRESENT using the 2‐bit‐fixed characteristic
Authors: Zheng Lei , Zhang Shao‐wu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLinear cryptanalysis is one of the most important cryptanalysis methods and remains vital in the cryptography research up to now. Many derivatives, improvements, and generations of linear cryptanalysis have been introduced to attack the ciphers of different designs. This paper defines a new characteristic of the cryptographic function, called 2‐bit‐fixed characteristic, as a generation of the linear characteristic. Compared with the linear characteristic, it restricts the input more severely to obtain a larger output bias. Using the characteristic, this paper gives a multidimensional linear attack on 27‐round PRESENT with a computation complexity of 274 encryptions, where the fast Fourier transform is employed to deduct the computation complexity. The attack is the first attack on the 27‐round PRESENT of 80 bits master key, verified by experiments for reduced‐round versions, in which we successfully attack 14‐round and 15‐round PRESENT with data complexities of 228 and 231, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation has no Impact on Aerobic Capacity of Healthy Young Men
Authors: Tajmanesh Milad , Aryaeian Naheed , Hosseini Mostafa , Mazaheri Reza , Kordi Ramin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the aerobic capacity and anthropometric measurements of humans. Although this effect has been shown in animal studies, human studies have reported controversial results. In this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial, 80 non‐trained healthy young men received a 50:50 mixture of cis‐9,trans‐11 and trans‐10 cis‐12 CLA (CLA 4 × 0.8 g day−1) ora placebo (PLA; soybean oil) in an 8‐week intervention. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), time to exhaustion, weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured. CLA had no effect on VO2 max (p = 0.5) also no change was seen in time to exhaustion (p = 0.51), weight (p = 0.7), BMI (p = 0.7) and WC (p = 0.8) vs PLA. Our results suggest that CLA has no significant effect on VO2 max, time to exhaustion and anthropometric measurements in untrained healthy young male students.
Frontline employees’ collaboration in industrial service innovation: routes of co-creation’s effects on new service performance
Authors: Santos-Vijande María Leticia , López-Sánchez José Ángel , Rudd John 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrom a Service-Dominant Logic (S-DL) perspective, employees constitute operant resources that firms can draw to enhance the outcomes of innovation efforts. While research acknowledges that frontline employees (FLEs) constitute, through service encounters, a key interface for the transfer of valuable external knowledge into the firm, the range of potential benefits derived from FLE-driven innovation deserves more investigation. Using a sample of knowledge intensive business services firms (KIBS), this study examines how the collaboration with FLEs along the new service development (NSD) process, namely FLE co-creation, impacts on service innovation performance following two routes of different effects. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results indicate that FLE co-creation benefits the NS success among FLEs and firm’s customers, the constituents of the resources route. FLE co-creation also has a positive effect on the NSD speed, which in turn enhances the NS quality. NSD speed and NS quality integrate the operational route, which proves to be the most effective path to impact the NS market performance. Accordingly, KIBS managers must value their FLEs as essential partners to achieve successful innovation from an internal and external perspective, and develop the appropriate mechanisms to guarantee their effective involvement along the NSD process.
Factors affecting the uptake of cervical cancer screening among nurses in Singapore
Authors: Tay Kaijun , Tay Sun K. , Tesalona Katherine C. , Rashid Nadia M.R. , Tai Esther Y.S. , Najib Sitti J.M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors other than socioeconomic status that influence participation in cervical cancer screening.MethodsA prospective, questionnaire‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted among all female nurses working at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, between November 1 and December 15, 2013. Characteristics assessed included age, knowledge score (0–10, on the basis of 10 true‐or‐false statements), perceived risk of cervical cancer, and health facility use.ResultsAmong 2000 nurses, 1622 (81.1%) responded. The mean knowledge score was 4.70 ± 1.76. Among 1593 nurses who reported on self‐perception of risk, 97 (6.1%) reported high risk, 675 (42.4%) reported low risk, and 821 (51.5%) reported uncertainty. Of the 815 nurses reporting on their history of screening, 344 (42.2%) were screened regularly, 103 (12.6%) underwent opportunistic screening, and 368 (45.2%) had never undergone screening. The likelihood of screening was increased among women aged 35–49 years, those who had recent experience of medical screening, those who had recently had a specialist consultation, or those who had recently had a consultation with a gynecologist (P < 0.001 for all). Nurses undergoing regular screening reported positive effects of a doctor's recommendation, husband's encouragement, people talking about screening, and people close to the respondent undergoing screening.ConclusionAdvocacy and herd signaling positively influenced the cervical cancer screening rate.