bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition von der Kindheit in das Erwachsenenalter bei chronischen Krankheiten
Authors: Plöckinger Ursula 
Published: September 2015

ZusammenfassungDank des medizinischen Fortschritts erleben zunehmend mehr Kinder mit chronischen Erkrankungen das Erwachsenenalter. Patienten mit angeborenen Stoffwechselkrankheiten stellen nur eine, jedoch in ihrer Größe und Problematik besondere Gruppe heranwachsender Patienten dar. Allerdings fehlen vielfach begleitende Strukturen im Gesundheitssystem, um eine erfolgreiche Transition zu ermöglichen. Dies kann zu erheblicher Beeinträchtigung der Gesundheit der Betroffenen führen. Der Artikel beschreibt den Transitionsprozess des gesunden Adoleszenten zum jungen Erwachsenen sowie die Schwierigkeiten dieses Prozesses für chronisch kranke junge Menschen mit erhöhtem Bedarf an Gesundheitsbetreuung, die zusätzlich den Übergang aus der pädiatrischen Medizin in die Erwachsenenmedizin zu bewältigen haben.
Brief report: Assessing youth well‐being in global emergency settings: Early results from the Emergency Developmental Assets Profile
Authors: Scales Peter C. , Roehlkepartain Eugene C. , Wallace Teresa , Inselman Ashley , Stephenson Paul , Rodriguez Michael 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe 13‐item Emergency Developmental Assets Profile measures the well‐being of children and youth in emergency settings such as refugee camps and armed conflict zones, assessing whether young people are experiencing adequate positive relationships and opportunities, and developing positive values, skills, and self‐perceptions, despite being in crisis circumstances. The instrument was found to have acceptable and nearly identical internal consistency reliability in 22 administrations in non‐emergency samples in 15 countries (.75), and in 4 samples of youth ages 10–18 (n = 1550) in the emergency settings (war refugees and typhoon victims, .74) that are the measure's focus, and evidence of convergent validity. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed acceptable model fit among those youth in emergency settings. Measures of model fit showed that the Em‐DAP has configural and metric invariance across all emergency contexts and scalar invariance across some. The Em‐DAP is a promising brief cross‐cultural tool for assessing the developmental quality of life as reported by samples of youth in a current humanitarian crisis situation. The results can help to inform international relief program decisions about services and activities to be provided for children, youth, and families in emergency settings.
The influence of inertia on the rheology of a periodic suspension of neutrally buoyant rigid ellipsoids
Authors: Daghooghi Mohsen , Borazjani Iman 
Published: September 2015

We investigate the rheological properties of a suspension of neutrally buoyant rigid ellipsoids by fluid–structure interaction simulations of a particle in a periodic domain under simple shear using the curvilinear immersed-boundary (CURVIB) method along with a quaternion–angular velocity technique to calculate the dynamics of the particle’s motion. We calculate all the different terms of particle stress for the first time for non-spherical particles, i.e. in addition to the stresslet, we calculate the acceleration and Reynolds stress, which are typically ignored in previous similar works. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions for all these terms to verify the numerical results and deduce the effect of inertia by comparing our numerical results with the analytical solution. The effect of particle Reynolds number ($\mathit{Re}$), volume fraction (${\it\phi}$), and the shape of particles has been studied on all mechanisms of stress generation, the intrinsic viscosity, and normal stress differences of the suspension for the range$0.008\leqslant {\it\phi}\leqslant 0.112$and$0.01\leqslant \mathit{Re}\leqslant 10.0$. We found that inertia increases the shear and the second normal difference of the stresslet (dominant term of the particle stress), and decreases the first normal difference that is generated due to the strain field. The contribution of acceleration stress to the total stress is found to be important in the second normal stress difference, with a cycle-average comparable to the stresslet component. We also discovered that the contribution of Reynolds stress in the first normal stress difference becomes important even when inertia is as low as$\mathit{Re}\sim O(0.1)$, and its value can be even greater than the stresslet when inertia increases, i.e. Reynolds stresses cannot be ignored for non-spherical particles. For concentrations in the range from dilute to semi-dilute, the effect of inertia on the intrinsic viscosity of a suspension is found to be comparable to the volume fraction. Furthermore, our calculations show that for a dilute concentration and the low-inertia regime ($\mathit{Re}<1.0$), the intrinsic viscosity of a suspension consisting of ellipsoids with an aspect ratio of five can be 20 % higher than its Stokesian analytical value.
Effects of work stressors on desire for organizational construction: The moderating role of leader–member exchange
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Long , Zhao Ning 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study constructs the relationship between work stressors and the desire for organizational construction and the moderating role of leader–member exchange. The study is conducted by integrating social exchange and uncertainty management theory. Through investigating 204 employees and performing a scenario study in China, this research confirms that challenge stressors are positively related to desire for organizational construction. The relationship between hindrance stressors and desire for organizational construction tends to be U-shaped in the condition of high leader–member exchange, and the relationship tends to have an inverted U-shape in the condition of low leader–member exchange. This study has important implications for discerning the scope of application for both social exchange and uncertainty management theory, as managers seek to explain the relationship between negative treatment of employees and their desire for organizational construction.
The effect of macronutrients on glycaemic control: a systematic review of dietary randomised controlled trials in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes in which there was no difference in weight loss between treatment groups
Authors: Emadian Amir , Andrews Rob C. , England Clare Y. , Wallace Victoria , Thompson Janice L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWeight loss is crucial for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It remains unclear which dietary intervention is best for optimising glycaemic control, or whether weight loss itself is the main reason behind observed improvements. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of various dietary interventions on glycaemic control in overweight and obese adults with T2DM when controlling for weight loss between dietary interventions. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT) was conducted. Electronic searches of Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Web of Science databases were conducted. Inclusion criteria included RCT with minimum 6 months duration, with participants having BMI≥25·0 kg/m2, a diagnosis of T2DM using HbA1c, and no statistically significant difference in mean weight loss at the end point of intervention between dietary arms. Results showed that eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Only four RCT indicated the benefit of a particular dietary intervention over another in improving HbA1c levels, including the Mediterranean, vegan and low glycaemic index (GI) diets. However the findings from one of the four studies showing a significant benefit are questionable because of failure to control for diabetes medications and poor adherence to the prescribed diets. In conclusion there is currently insufficient evidence to suggest that any particular diet is superior in treating overweight and obese patients with T2DM. Although the Mediterranean, vegan and low-GI diets appear to be promising, further research that controls for weight loss and the effects of diabetes medications in larger samples is needed.
Rapid effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on growth and development parameters and transcription of key fatty acid metabolism genes in juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Salini Michael J. , Turchini Giovanni M. , Wade Nicholas M. , Glencross Brett D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBarramundi (Lates calcarifer), a catadromous teleost of significant and growing commercial importance, are reported to have limited fatty acid bioconversion capability and therefore require preformed long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) as dietary essential fatty acid (EFA). In this study, the response of juvenile barramundi (47·0 g/fish initial weight) fed isolipidic and isoenergetic diets with 8·2 % added oil was tested. The experimental test diets were either devoid of fish oil (FO), and thus with non-3 LC-PUFA (FO FREE diet), or with a low inclusion of FO (FO LOW diet). These were compared against a control diet containing only FO (FO CTRL diet) as the added lipid source, over an 8-week period. Interim samples and measurements were taken fortnightly during the trial in order to define the aetiology of the onset and progression of EFA deficiency. After 2 weeks, the fish fed the FO FREE and FO LOW diets had significantly lower live-weights, and after 8 weeks significant differences were detected for all performance parameters. The fish fed the FO FREE diet also had a significantly higher incidence of external abnormalities. The transcription of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism was affected after 2 weeks of feeding, showing a rapid nutritional regulation. This experiment documents the aetiology of the onset and the progression of EFA deficiency in juvenile barramundi and demonstrates that such deficiencies can be detected within 2 weeks in juvenile fish.
You’re Fired! New Evidence on Portfolio Manager Turnover and Performance
Authors: Kostovetsky Leonard , Warner Jerold B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe study managerial turnover for both internally managed mutual funds and those managed externally by subadvisors. We argue that turnover of subadvisors provides sharper tests and helps address several unresolved issues and puzzles from the previous literature. We find dramatically stronger inverse relations between subadvisor departures and lagged returns, and new evidence on how past flow predicts turnover. We find no evidence of improvements in return performance related to departures, but flow improvements are associated with departures of poor past performers. Our findings represent new evidence on how investors, sponsors, and boards learn about and evaluate mutual fund management performance.
The belated formation of the China Bible House (1937): Nationalism and the indigenization of Protestantism in Republican China
Authors: Mak George Kam Wah 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the belated formation of the China Bible House, the first national Bible society in China, as a result of the interplay between the politics of foreign Bible societies and the indigenizing Chinese church in relation to rising nationalism during the Republican era. The challenge of Chinese nationalism to Christianity drove foreign Bible societies and Chinese Protestants to work towards the indigenization of Bible work. However, distrust and conflicts hindered foreign Bible societies' co-operation among themselves and also with Chinese Protestants. While Chinese church leaders saw the founding of a Chinese Bible society as a manifestation of the Chineseness of the Protestant church in China, they agreed with foreign Bible societies on the global identity of Bible work, which justified the latter's continuing presence in China. This understanding, together with the need for foreign financial support and expertise, explains why Sino-foreign co-operation existed in Bible work in China.
Investigating Associative Learning Effects in Patients with Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease Using the Temporal Context Model
Authors: Quenon Lisa , de Xivry Jean-Jacques Orban , Hanseeuw Bernard , Ivanoiu Adrian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate associative learning effects in patients with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (prAD) by referring to the Temporal Context Model (TCM; Howard, Jing, Rao, Provyn, & Datey, 2009), in an attempt to enhance the understanding of their associative memory impairment. TCM explains fundamental effects described in classical free-recall tasks and cued-recall tasks involving overlapping word pairs (e.g., A-B, B-C), namely (1) the contiguity effect, which is the tendency to successively recall nearby items in a list, and (2) the observation of backward (i.e., B-A) and transitive associations (i.e., A-C) between items. In TCM, these effects are hypothesized to rely on contextual representation, binding and retrieval processes, which supposedly depend on hippocampal and parahippocampal regions. As these regions are affected in prAD, the current study investigated whether prAD patients would show reduced proportions of backward and transitive associations in free and cued-recall, coupled to a reduced contiguity effect in free-recall. Seventeen older controls and 17 prAD patients performed a cued-recall task involving overlapping word pairs and a final free-recall task. Proportions of backward and transitive intrusions in cued-recall did not significantly differ between groups. However, in free-recall, prAD patients demonstrated a reduced contiguity effect as well as reduced proportions of backward and transitive associations compared to older controls. These findings are discussed within the hypothesis that the contextual representation, binding and/or retrieval processes are affected in prAD patients compared to healthy older individuals. (JINS, 2015, 21, 699–708)
Differences in healthy food supply and stocking practices between small grocery stores, gas-marts, pharmacies and dollar stores
Authors: Caspi Caitlin Eicher , Pelletier Jennifer E , Harnack Lisa , Erickson Darin J , Laska Melissa N 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the practices for stocking and procuring healthy food in non-traditional food retailers (e.g. gas-marts, pharmacies). The present study aimed to: (i) compare availability of healthy food items across small food store types; and (ii) examine owner/manager perceptions and stocking practices for healthy food across store types.DesignDescriptive analyses were conducted among corner/small grocery stores, gas-marts, pharmacies and dollar stores. Data from store inventories were used to examine availability of twelve healthy food types and an overall healthy food supply score. Interviews with managers assessed stocking practices and profitability.SettingSmall stores in Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN, USA, not participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.SubjectsOne hundred and nineteen small food retailers and seventy-one store managers.ResultsAvailability of specific items varied across store type. Only corner/small grocery stores commonly sold fresh vegetables (63 % v. 8 % of gas-marts, 0 % of dollar stores and 23 % of pharmacies). More than half of managers stocking produce relied on cash-and-carry practices to stock fresh fruit (53 %) and vegetables (55 %), instead of direct store delivery. Most healthy foods were perceived by managers to have at least average profitability.ConclusionsInterventions to improve healthy food offerings in small stores should consider the diverse environments, stocking practices and supply mechanisms of small stores, particularly non-traditional food retailers. Improvements may require technical support, customer engagement and innovative distribution practices.
Simulation and Optimization of a Carbon Nanotube Electron Source
Authors: Knápek Alexandr , Radlička Tomáš , Krátký Stanislav 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper deals with an optimization of a field-emission structure concept based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT). A design concept for a fabrication method for a gate structure based on electron beam lithography is reviewed in the first part of the paper. A single carbon nanotube is grown by the PECVD method inside the gate structure. Calculations and simulations that help determine gate structure proportions in order to obtain the best possible electron reduced brightness and to predict the cathode's electric behavior are also essential parts of this study.
Simulation of Space Charge Effects in Electron Optical System Based on the Calculations of Current Density
Authors: Zelinka Jiří , Oral Martin , Radlička Tomáš 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present a numerical method for iterative computation of electron optical systems influenced by space charge with an improved accuracy in the same calculation time. We replace the common algorithm for evaluating the space charge distribution with a new one based on the calculation of the current density distribution from an aberration polynomial. We introduce a re-meshing algorithm which adapts the mesh used for the field calculation by the finite element method in each iteration to the actual space charge distribution to keep it sufficiently fine in all areas with non-zero space charge.
The Simulation of Energy Distribution of Electrons Detected by Segmental Ionization Detector in High Pressure Conditions of ESEM
Authors: Neděla V. , Konvalina I. , Oral M. , Hudec J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper presents computed dependencies of the detected electron energy distribution on the water vapour pressure in an environmental scanning electron microscope obtained using the EOD software with a Monte Carlo plug-in for the electron-gas interactions. The software GEANT was used for the Monte Carlo simulations of the beam-sample interactions and the signal electron emission from the sample into the gaseous environment. The simulations were carried out for selected energies of the signal electrons collected by two electrodes with two different diameters with the voltages of +350 V and 0, respectively, and then 0 and +350 V, respectively, and for the distance of 2 mm between the sample and the detection electrodes of the ionization detector. The simulated results are verified by experimental measurements. Consequences of the simulated and experimental dependencies on the acquisition of the topographical or material contrasts using our ionization detector equipped with segmented detection electrode are described and discussed.
Transporting droplets through surface anisotropy
Authors: Holmes Hal R. , Böhringer Karl F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis review article examines digital microfluidic systems that manipulate droplets through surface anisotropy. These systems are categorized as surface tension driven or contact line driven. Surface tension driven systems include electrowetting on dielectric, Marangoni flow on microheater arrays, and chemical gradient surfaces, whereas contact line driven systems include anisotropic ratchet conveyors, nanostructured Parylene ratchets, and tilted pillar arrays. This article describes the operating principles and outlines the fabrication procedures for each system. We also present new equations that unify several previous models of contact line driven systems. The strengths and weaknesses of each system are compared, with a focus on their ability to perform the generation, switching, fusion, and fission of droplets. Finally, we discuss current and potential future applications of these systems.
An automated Genomes-to-Natural Products platform (GNP) for the discovery of modular natural products
Authors: Johnston Chad W. , Skinnider Michael A. , Wyatt Morgan A. , Li Xiang , Ranieri Michael R. M. , Yang Lian , Zechel David L. , Ma Bin , Magarvey Nathan A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBacterial natural products are a diverse and valuable group of small molecules, and genome sequencing indicates that the vast majority remain undiscovered. The prediction of natural product structures from biosynthetic assembly lines can facilitate their discovery, but highly automated, accurate, and integrated systems are required to mine the broad spectrum of sequenced bacterial genomes. Here we present a genome-guided natural products discovery tool to automatically predict, combinatorialize and identify polyketides and nonribosomal peptides from biosynthetic assembly lines using LC–MS/MS data of crude extracts in a high-throughput manner. We detail the directed identification and isolation of six genetically predicted polyketides and nonribosomal peptides using our Genome-to-Natural Products platform. This highly automated, user-friendly programme provides a means of realizing the potential of genetically encoded natural products.
Optodynamic simulation of β-adrenergic receptor signalling
Authors: Siuda Edward R. , McCall Jordan G. , Al-Hasani Ream , Shin Gunchul , Il Park Sung , Schmidt Martin J. , Anderson Sonya L. , Planer William J. , Rogers John A. , Bruchas Michael R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOptogenetics has provided a revolutionary approach to dissecting biological phenomena. However, the generation and use of optically active GPCRs in these contexts is limited and it is unclear how well an opsin-chimera GPCR might mimic endogenous receptor activity. Here we show that a chimeric rhodopsin/β2 adrenergic receptor (opto-β2AR) is similar in dynamics to endogenous β2AR in terms of: cAMP generation, MAP kinase activation and receptor internalization. In addition, we develop and characterize a novel toolset of optically active, functionally selective GPCRs that can bias intracellular signalling cascades towards either G-protein or arrestin-mediated cAMP and MAP kinase pathways. Finally, we show how photoactivation of opto-β2AR in vivo modulates neuronal activity and induces anxiety-like behavioural states in both fiber-tethered and wireless, freely moving animals when expressed in brain regions known to contain β2ARs. These new GPCR approaches enhance the utility of optogenetics and allow for discrete spatiotemporal control of GPCR signalling in vitro and in vivo.