bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Tailored Minicraniotomy versus Standard Pterional Craniotomy in the Treatment of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Single-Center Case–Control Observational Study
Authors: Dipellegrini Giosuè , Boccaletti Riccardo , Mingozzi Anna , Sanna Elisa , Policicchio Domenico 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction Multiple minicraniotomies (Mct) have been proposed as alternatives to standard pterional craniotomy (Pct) for intracranial aneurysm treatment. These approaches offer limited surgical corridors and distinct working angles, posing challenges in addressing all aneurysm types with one method. We suggest a tailored Mct technique, comprising three minimally invasive approaches targeting anterior circulation aneurysm sites (middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, anterior communicating artery).
Methods We conducted a retrospective, case–control study at a single center comparing Pct and Mct outcomes for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Parameters evaluated included conversion rates to Pct or decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC), intraoperative rupture (IOR), surgical complications, complete aneurysm exclusion, 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, and aesthetic outcomes using a visual analog scale. A total of 146 patients were included, with 103 in the Mct group and 43 in the Pct group, comparable in mean age, sex, and aneurysm topography. Hunt–Hess scores and Fisher grades were lower in the Mct group initially.
Results No cases required conversion from Mct to Pct or DHC. No significant differences were observed in IOR, surgical complications, and aneurysm exclusion rates between groups. The Mct group demonstrated better 6-month mRS scores and aesthetic outcomes.
Conclusion Our study indicates that tailored Mct is as safe and effective as standard Pct for intracranial aneurysms, with significant cosmetic benefits. Thus, tailored Mct can be considered a valuable alternative not only to Pct but also to other minimally invasive surgical methods for these aneurysms.
Case Report: Severe Colonic Crohn Disease Initiated after Liver Transplantation Requiring Surgery
Authors: Sapienza Gabriela Feres , Pinto Rodrigo Ambar , Simões Italo Beltrão , Traldi Maria Clara , Marques Carlos Frederico , D'Albuquerque Luiz Augusto Carneiro , Rocha Manuel , Nahas Sergio Carlos , Marchiolli Camila , Ledesma Felipe Lourenço 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction A patient using tacrolimus for hepatocyte transplantation (HT) was diagnosed with Crohn disease (CD) with mainly colonic involvement, despite drug immunosuppression due to the previous transplant. Upon routine colonoscopy, a lateral growth lesion was detected, which was endoscopically unresectable. Therefore, it was decided to perform a total colectomy with burial of the rectum and terminal ileostomy. During surgery, thickening of the terminal ileum and cecum was visualized, along with “fat-wrapping” and thickening of the entire mesocolon.
Discussion Immunosuppression in patients with HT should control the activity of autoimmune diseases. However, the literature shows evidence of some reports of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity after liver transplantation (LT). A review article from 2015 highlighted 92 cases of IBD after LT in the literature, with only 14 being CD, demonstrating that this is a rare phenomenon. Among the hypotheses, cytomegalovirus infection is related to the increased disease activity in patients with IBD and HT. In addition, several studies show an association between the drugs used in immunosuppression after LT and relapsed IBD, important data in patients receiving tacrolimus.
Conclusion The occurrence of CD after LT is rare and seems to have a direct association with the immunosuppression used to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ.
Prediction of Postoperative Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Using Preoperative Systemic Immune Inflammation Index and Eosinophils
Authors: Vaibhav Kumar , Sahu Anurag , Prasad Ravi Shankar , Deb Debabrata , Kumar Devendra , Karimi Abjad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological problem with significant recurrence after surgery. Risk considerations can vary, ranging from patient-related factors to those related to the surgical procedure. This study explores the association between preoperative eosinophil count and systemic immune inflammation (SII) with CSDH recurrence.
Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 105 patients with equal numbers of CSDHs who underwent surgery for CSDH between January 2023 and January 2024. The preoperative eosinophil counts, along with other differential leukocyte counts, were measured. The SII index was calculated using the standard formula (SII = neutrophil count  ×  platelet count/lymphocyte count). Multivariate and univariate regression analyses were performed to assess the association between risk factors and CSDH recurrence.
Results The preoperative eosinophil count showed a significant correlation with recurrence (p < 0.001). The SII index was significantly higher in patients with recurrent CSDH (p = 0.003). Neutrophils were found to be significantly associated with CSDH recurrence (p = 0.038). Age (p < 0.001) and SII (p = 0.005) were found to be independent predictors of CSDH recurrence, whereas hematoma volume (p < 0.001) and the antiplatelet regimen were a significant predictor of CSDH recurrence (p = 0.047). Variables like male gender, diabetes mellitus, anticoagulants, and hematoma volume were associated with eosinophil-rich or eosinophil-poor status.
Conclusion Preoperative eosinophil count, neutrophils, and the SII index may serve as potential predictors of CSDH recurrence. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
Effect of Plate Length on Construct Stiffness and Strain in a Synthetic Short-Fragment Fracture Gap Model Stabilized with a 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate
Authors: Trefny Fabian N. , Glyde Mark , Hosgood Giselle , Hayes Alex , Day Robert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of 3.5-mm locking compression plate (LCP) length on construct stiffness and plate and bone model strain in a synthetic, short-fragment, fracture-gap model.
Study Design Six replicates of 6-hole, 8-hole, 10-hole, and 12-hole LCP constructs on a short-fragment, tubular Delrin fracture gap model underwent four-point compression and tension bending. Construct stiffness and surface strain, calculated using three-dimensional digital image correlation, were compared across plate length and region of interest (ROI) on the construct.
Results The 12-hole plates (80% plate–bone ratio) had significantly higher construct stiffness than 6-hole, 8-hole, and 10-hole plates and significantly lower plate strain than 6-hole plates at all ROIs. Strain on the bone model was significantly lower in constructs with 10-hole and 12-hole plates than 6-hole plates under both compression and tension bending.
Conclusion Incremental increases in construct stiffness and incremental decreases in plate strain were only identified when comparing 6-hole, 8-hole, and 10-hole plates to 12-hole plates, and 6-hole to 12-hole plates, respectively. Strain on the bone model showed an incremental decrease when comparing 6-hole to 10-hole and 12-hole plates. A long plate offered biomechanical advantages of increased construct stiffness and reduced plate and bone model strain, over a short plate in this in vitro model.
What is the role of architects and urban planners in crime prevention?
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Brantingham Patricia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the role of urban planning professionals in situational crime prevention. We begin by examining their role as city “shapers” and the reasons behind their frequent neglect of crime-related factors in their decision-making process. We also explore why criminology tends to underestimate the influence of urban planning professionals on the urban environment, a factor crucial for effective crime prevention. To highlight the disconnection between urban planning and crime prevention, we present findings from a survey conducted with urban planners and safety experts in 290 Swedish municipalities. The article concludes with future research and practice recommendations, stressing the urgent need for improved communication and collaboration between urban shapers and environmental criminologists and a more comprehensive understanding from all parties involved.
The next-generation magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRSnext) on OMEGA and NIF for diagnosing ion temperature, yield, areal density, and alpha heating
Authors: Wink C. W. , Gatu Johnson M. , Mackie S. , Kunimune J. H. , Dannhoff S. G. , Lawrence Y. , Berg G. P. A. , Casey D. T. , Schlossberg D. J. , Gopalaswamy V. , Katz J. , Regan S. P. , Stoeckl C. , Burgett T. , Ivancic S. , McClow H. , Scott M. , Frelier J. , Frenje J. A. 
Published: August 2024

The next-generation magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRSnext) is being designed to replace the current MRS at the National Ignition Facility and OMEGA for measurements of the neutron spectrum from an inertial confinement fusion implosion. The MRSnext will provide a far-superior performance and faster data turnaround than the current MRS systems, i.e., a 2× and 6× improvement in energy resolution at the NIF and OMEGA, respectively, and 20× improvement in data turnaround time. The substantially improved performance of the MRSnext is enabled by using electromagnets that provide a short focal plane (12–16 cm) and unprecedented flexibility for a wide range of applications. In addition to being able to measure neutron yield, apparent ion temperature, areal density, and plasma-flow velocity over a wide range of yields, the NIF MRSnext will be able to directly, uniquely assess the alpha heating of the fuel ions through measurements of the alpha knock-on tail in the neutron spectrum. The goal is to implement a radiation-hard electronic detection system capable of providing rapid data acquisition and analysis. The development of the MRSnext will also set the foundation for the more advanced, time-resolving MRSt and serve as a testbed for its implementation on the NIF.
3.8 × 3.8 mm2 compact piezoelectric resonant MEMS scanner using fork-shaped and ring-shaped actuators
Authors: Okamoto Yuki , Nakashima Rihachiro , Oda Ryo , Gorwadkar Sucheta , Takei Yusuke , Okada Hironao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study presents a compact 3.8 × 3.8 mm2 resonant piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical systems scanner featuring a 1.0 mm mirror and double-coupling frames. It employs a novel mechanical coupling of two Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 piezoelectric actuators–fork-shaped and ring-shaped. This dual-actuator configuration enhances the efficiency of actuator area usage per die and significantly improves the resonant frequency through their mechanical coupling. Additionally, the design strategy effectively reduces mechanical stress by operating the scanning frequency above those of other modes. The resonant frequency achieved by the proposed scanner is 27.09 kHz, with an optical scan angle of 40∘, utilizing a unipolar driving voltage of 25.2 V.
Neutron–antineutron oscillation accompanied by CP-violation in magnetic fields
Authors: Hao Yongliang , Nyirenda Kamphamba Sokalao , Chen Zhenwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we explore the possibility of the n–

n

¯

oscillation accompanied by CP-violation in the presence of magnetic fields. The n–

n

¯

oscillation, which violates the baryon number (

B

) by two units (

∣
Δ
B
∣
=
2

), can originate from the mixing between the neutron (n) and the neutral elementary particle (η) and may give rise to non-trivial physical consequences that can be testable in future experiments. We show that the probability of the n–

n

¯

oscillation can be greatly enhanced by properly adjusting the magnetic field. In particular, the peak values of the oscillation probability in the presence of resonance magnetic fields can be 8–10 orders of magnitude higher than that in the absence of magnetic fields. We point out that there might not be sizable CP-violating effects in the n–

n

¯

oscillation unless the mass of η is close to the mass of the neutron. We also analyze the interplay among various parameters associated with both

B

-violation and CP-violation and attempt to disentangle the effects of such parameters. The n–

n

¯

oscillation process accompanied by CP-violation may open a promising avenue for exploring new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM).
Comprehensive investigation of structural, magnetic, electronic, optical, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties of ATiO3 (A = Mn, Fe, Ni) compounds for sustainable energy materials
Authors: Lalhumhima  , Lalroliana Bernard , Lalmuanchhana  , Zosiamliana R , Rai D P , Tiwari R C , Lalhriatzuala  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work employs density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the characteristics of ATiO3 (A = Mn, Fe, Ni) by utilizing generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and DFT + U formalisms. Our results reveal that the investigated compounds exhibit a ground-state magnetic arrangement in the G-type antiferromagnetic configuration. Substitution of the A-site atoms along the row leads to a decrease in volume due to poor electronic shielding effects with transition metals. All systems investigated are stable under dynamical conditions, with no imaginary phonon. From the formation energy calculations, NiTiO3 was identified as the most formable and stable compound. DFT + U was most effective for FeTiO3, resulting in significantly wider bandgaps compared to the GGA-level bandgaps. Optical properties such as static dielectric constants, refractive index, and reflectivity were overestimated by the GGA when compared to DFT + U results. The absorption edges of FeTiO3, MnTiO3, and NiTiO3 were analyzed, with DFT + U showing delayed onset compared to GGA. FeTiO3 was found to be the most effective absorber within the visible spectrum according to DFT + U, while NiTiO3 was predicted to be the best absorber by GGA. Each compound’s mechanical stability was tested and verified based on the Born criteria, with FeTiO3 exhibiting the highest elastic moduli under DFT + U, while NiTiO3 had the highest shear and Young’s modulus according to GGA. Among the studied compounds, FeTiO3 is the best-performing and most efficient piezoelectric compound with

e

16

= 5.418

C

m

−
2

under DFT + U. Overall, the studied compounds demonstrate promising capabilities for a wide range of applications in the field of photovoltaic devices, and piezoelectric materials, due to their remarkable optical, and piezoelectric properties.
Practical guidance on the assessment of radiation risks for diagnostic radiological examinations
Authors: Golikov V , Vodovatov A , Chipiga L , Shatskiy I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Patient doses cannot be limited; instead, radiological examinations should be justified and optimised to ensure the necessary diagnostic or therapeutic effect with the lowest patient dose achievable. Assessment of the radiation risks from patient exposure is important part of the justification process. Hence, medical staff within the framework of their professional activities should possess necessary information on the data on radiation risk from different types of radiological procedures. An approach has been developed that allows considering age and gender dependences of the risk coefficients of radiogenic cancer and the age and gender distribution of patients for various radiological examinations to assess the individual radiation risk for patient and collective risk for population from medical exposure. The approach is based on a new expanded use of the effective dose concept proposed in ICRP Publication 147 and demonstrated using the medical exposure in the Russian Federation as the example. For 30 radiological examinations that compose about 80% of the collective dose from medical exposure of the public in the Russian Federation radiation risk was assessed based on calculated age and gender specific risk coefficients per unit effective dose. For the rest of the examinations a simplified approach was used to assess the risk, which was based on using an age and gender specific risk coefficient determined for one of 4 anatomical regions (head, neck, chest and abdomen) or for uniform irradiation of the whole body. The proposed approach allows significantly improving the assessment of the radiation risk while continuing to use the effective dose as a dosimetric quantity within the framework of the state program in the Russian Federation. As a result the collective risk from medical examinations in the Russian Federation in 2022 was lower by the factor of 3 compared to the previous assessment based on the effective dose with the nominal risk coefficient.
A General and Efficient Fault Diagnosis Approach Using Hyperdimensional Computing Enhanced by Local Feature Extraction
Authors: Jiang Guoqian , Ma Zhenzhen , He Qun , Xie Ping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ensuring the safe and reliable operation of industrial equipment is of great importance, and accordingly, machine fault diagnosis has attracted considerable attention. Recently, various deep learning-based fault diagnosis models have been widely developed due to the powerful ability of feature learning and nonlinear modeling of deep learning models, and these methods heavily rely on large amounts of data and high memory and resources. However, it is difficult to obtain enough data in practical applications, thus leading to the unsatisfactory performance of deep learning-based models and high cost. In this paper, we propose a new and efficient fault diagnosis approach based on Hyperdimensional computing (HDC), which can learn high-dimensional, random, and holographic distributed representations of input features. It has the advantages of single training, low training cost, and does not require a large amount of data. Therefore, we apply HDC to the field of few-shot fault diagnosis for the first time, and propose a simple and efficient approach for few-shot fault diagnosis based on hyperdimensional computing with local feature extraction(L-HDC). Instead of using original data, the model firstly extracts the local features of original data by hand-designed features, and then carries out HDC-encoding, training, and test classification. Through the comparison of various models and the analysis of various data, the effectiveness of our proposed model is verified. In the case of few-shot learning, the recognition accuracy is as high as 90\% and the training time of ordinary HDC model is 5-10 times that of L-HDC model, which is superior to other models.
Indoor fingerprint localization algorithm based on WKNN and LightGBM-GA
Authors: Zhang Lieping , Zheng Xinpeng , Chen Yao , Lu Haizhao , Zhang Cui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
WiFi-based indoor fingerprint localization is widely used in indoor localization owing to its high accuracy and low deployment costs. Changes in the indoor signal environment directly affect localization accuracy. To improve localization accuracy and stability, this paper proposes a novel indoor fingerprint localization algorithm based on Weighted K-Nearest Neighbors (WKNN) and an enhanced Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM). First, in the offline phase, Gaussian filtering and K-Nearest Neighbors-Random Forest information completion algorithm with fusion of Euclidean and Manhattan distances are used to remove outliers from the fingerprint database dataset and fill in missing fingerprint information, ensuring the integrity of the fingerprint database. During the online phase, the fingerprint database is divided into training and testing sets. The LightGBM algorithm is used for modeling. Additionally, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is use d to optimize the parameters of LightGBM algorithm to find the best parameters by fitness evaluation. Then, the nearest neighbor set found by the WKNN algorithm is introduced into the LightGBM-GA model. Combining the predictions from the standalone LightGBM algorithm and performing weighted fusion yields the final predicted coordinates. The experiments are conducted in 8 m × 10 m laboratory containing 5 access points and 80 reference points to collect the Received Signal Strength Indication values of 5 WiFi hotspots. The experimental results show that the average localization error of the proposed algorithm is 1.11 m, which is reduced by 6.7%–38.3% compared to K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), LightGBM, KNN + XGBoost, WKNN + LightGBM, and WKNN + XGBoost-GA localization algorithms. The localization curve is smoother, and the cumulative distribution function converges faster. Moreover, the localization time is reduced by 13.3%–36.7%, effectively enhancing localization accuracy and decreasing localization time.
Nonlinear group constrained mode decomposition and its application in gear fault diagnosis
Authors: Yan Qiuyan , Liu Xuan , Wang Mingjun , Zou Yuxin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to the problem of modal confusion and extreme sensitivity to strong noise in signal decomposition using group-sparse mode decomposition, this paper proposes a new signal decomposition method, named nonlinear group constrained mode decomposition (NGCMD). First, NGCMD is based on modified discrete cosine transform, which enables the function to have ‘energy compression’ characteristics, resulting in a more approximate model of complex signals and avoiding the introduction of artifacts in frequency domain analysis. Meanwhile, the objective function adopts norm weighting as the penalty term, making the algorithm not only sparsity but also fast convergence. In addition, to maintain the adaptability of the algorithm, when the algorithm converges, the filter bank is decomposed into a set of non-overlapping filters, where each filter contains an adjacent non-zero term in the filter bank, and a series of sparse group constrained components with complete time–frequency distribution are obtained. Through the simulation signal and gear fault signal, the results show that the NGCMD method has obvious advantages in suppressing modal confusion and robustness, and can effectively diagnose gear fault.
PETcoil: first results from a second-generation RF-penetrable TOF-PET brain insert for simultaneous PET/MRI
Authors: Dong Qian , Ullah Muhammad Nasir , Innes Derek , Watkins Ronald D , Chang Chen-Ming , Zou Sarah J , Groll Andrew , Sacco Ilaria , Chinn Garry , Levin Craig S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging provides concurrent information about anatomic, functional, and molecular changes in disease. We are developing a second generation MR-compatible RF-penetrable TOF-PET insert. The insert has a smaller scintillation crystal size and ring diameter compared to clinical whole-body PET scanners, resulting in higher spatial resolution and sensitivity. This paper reports the initial system performance of this full-ring PET insert. The global photopeak energy resolution and global coincidence time resolution, 11.74 ± 0.03 % FWHM and 238.1 ± 0.5 ps FWHM, respectively, are preserved as we scaled up the system to a full ring comprising 12, 288 LYSO-SiPM channels (crystal size: 3.2 × 3.2 × 20 mm3). Throughout a ten-hour experiment, the system performance remained stable, exhibiting a less than 1% change in all measured parameters. In a resolution phantom study, the system successfully resolved all 2.8 mm diameter rods, achieving an average VPR of 0.28 ± 0.08 without TOF and 0.24 ± 0.07 with TOF applied. Moreover, the implementation of TOF in the Hoffman phantom study also enhanced image quality. Initial MR compatibility studies of the full PET ring were performed with it unpowered as a milestone to focus on looking for material and geometry-related artifacts. During all MR studies, the MR body coil functioned as both the transmit and receive coil, and no observable artifacts were detected. As expected, using the body coil also as the RF receiver, MR image signal-to-noise ratio exhibited degradation (∼30%), so we are developing a high quality receive-only coil that resides inside the PET ring.