bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of clinical hip abnormalities in haemophilia A and B: an analysis of the UDC database
Authors: Kelly D. , C. Zhang Q. , M. Soucie J. , Manco‐Johnson M. , DiMichele D. ,   the Joint Outcome Subcommittee of the Coordinating Committee for the Universal Data Collection Database and the Hemophilia Treatment Center Network Investigators
Published: December 2012

SummaryClinical hip abnormalities, secondary to recurrent joint and/or muscle bleeding in persons with haemophilia, have not been well characterized and have the potential for significant morbidity. We aimed to examine the prevalence of clinical hip abnormalities in the US haemophilia population and to explore associations between these findings and putative risk factors. We conducted a study of hip abnormalities of 8192 subjects aged 2–69 years with haemophilia A and haemophilia B (54% of haemophilia A and haemophilia B are severe) currently enrolled in the Universal Data Collection (UDC) database. Associations between hip abnormality and type/severity of haemophilia A/B, current age, history of high‐titre (≥5 BU) inhibitor (HTinh), concomitant ankle (AA) and knee arthropathy (KA), overweight and obesity and prophylaxis were examined using logistic regression. Overall prevalence of hip abnormality at the last recorded UDC visit for all subjects was 16.7%. Haemophilia A (aOR = 1.3, 1.0–1.4), severe haemophilia (aOR = 1.3, 1.0–1.5), a history of HTinh (aOR = 1.4, 1.1–1.7), and concomitant AA (aOR = 1.7, 1.4–1.9) were each independently associated with hip abnormality. Older age (45–69 years) was significantly associated with hip abnormality prevalence only in subjects with KA (aOR = 3.4, 1.9–5.9). The presence of overweight (aOR = 1.4, 1.1–1.8) and obesity (aOR = 2.1, 1.6–2.8) was associated with hip abnormality only among subjects without KA. Hip abnormality prevalence was not influenced by prophylaxis (aOR = 0.9, 0.8–1.1). These data suggest that hip abnormalities in US patients with haemophilia are associated with haemophilia severity and type, HTinh, concomitant AA and, depending on the presence or absence of KA, advancing age and obesity.
Perceptions and attitudes towards exercise amongChinese elders – the implications of culturally based self‐management strategies for effective health‐related help seeking and person‐centred care
Authors: Liu Zhenmi , Speed Shaun , Beaver Kinta 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundEncouraging the uptake of physical activity among a culturally diverse elderly population presents a challenge for health‐care providers across the world. Little is known about the health‐care needs of these populations, for example the increasingly ageing group ofChinese elders in many parts of the world who are now facing later life and increasing challenges to their health.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore behaviours and attitudes towards exercise among olderChinese immigrants in theUKto provide insights into the health ofChinese populations in theUKand elsewhere.DesignAGroundedTheory approach using purposive and theoretical sampling with in‐depth semi‐structured interviews.Setting and participantsChinese elders were recruited fromChinese communities in theNorthWest ofEngland. Thirty‐three participants were interviewed face‐to‐face and audio‐recorded.ResultsParticipants self‐managed exercise based on cultural perceptions of health and ingrainedChinese values. Professional support and information was lacking and relied on folk norms rather than person‐centred recommendations for healthy living. Inappropriate exercise regimes could act as a substitute for seeking health‐related advice when exercise was often used as a self‐monitored barometer to assess their perceived health status.Discussion and conclusionChinese elders may undertake inappropriate exercise, leading to high‐risk situations, if appropriate professional information is not provided. Health‐care practitioners should devote attention to understandingChinese elders' attitudes towards exercise, as this may ultimately lead to successful health promotion activities. A person‐centred approach that acknowledges and works with self‐management practices is advocated.
Critical appraisal training increases understanding and confidence and enhances the use of evidence in diverse categories of learners
Authors: Odierna Donna H. , White Jenny , Forsyth Susan , Bero Lisa A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundTraining in evidence‐based medicine is most commonly offered to physicians, medical students and health‐care decision‐makers.Setting and participantsWe partnered with community organizations to recruit participants and develop trainings for consumers, non‐physician health‐care providers and journalists in California.InterventionWe conducted half‐day and one‐day workshops in critical appraisal of health evidence. Workshops consisted of didactic presentations, small‐group practice sessions and class discussions.Outcome measuresWe measured knowledge and confidence immediately before and after the workshops and at follow‐up 6 months later. We also asked participants to describe their use of health evidence before the workshops and at follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline, 41% of the consumers, 45% of the providers and 57% of the journalists correctly answered questions about health evidence. Scores increased by about 20% (P < 0.05) in all groups at the end of the workshops and remained significantly over baseline at follow‐up. At baseline, 26% of the participants were confident in their understanding of critical appraisal concepts, significantly increasing to 54% after the workshops and sustained (53%) at follow‐up. During discussions, participants’ comments often focused on funding and the potential effects of financial conflicts of interest on study findings. Participants did not use evidence more frequently at follow‐up but said that they applied workshop skills in evaluating research, communicating with others and making decisions about health care.ConclusionIt is possible to successfully conduct critical appraisal workshops to aid health‐related decision making for groups who have previously not had access to this kind of training.
Prognostic significance of heat shock proteins in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder
Authors: Yu Hui‐Jung , Chang Yen‐Hwa , Pan Chin‐Chen 
Published: December 2012

AimsHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of molecules induced by a variety of environmental and pathophysiological stresses, including cancer. The expression of HSPs has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis and immunity in neoplasia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression and clinicopathological relevance of several HSPs in urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical staining for HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 was performed on samples collected from 744 clinical cases. The results were correlated with clinicopathological characteristics using univariate and multivariate analyses. High expression of HSP70 predicted recurrence of non‐muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma treated by transurethral resection, and low expression of HSP27 correlated with progression and cancer‐specific mortality for non‐muscle‐invasive cancers treated by transurethral resection. Low expression of HSP27 also predicted cancer‐specific mortality for patients who underwent cystectomy.ConclusionsBoth HSP27 and HSP70 impact on the biological behaviour of urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Immunohistochemical assessment of HSPs can provide useful prognostic information that could ultimately help to develop individualized surveillance programmes.
Occupational ocular accidents amongst Greek endodontists: a national questionnaire survey
Authors: Zarra T. , Lambrianidis T. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate amongst Greek endodontists, the incidence of ocular accidents during practice, the circumstances associated with them, the therapeutic measures taken after the accidents, their compliance with the use of eye protection and their eye care behaviour.MethodologyOne hundred and forty‐seven endodontists met the inclusion criteria and were invited to participate in the survey. Data were gathered through interviews based on a questionnaire. Participants were asked for personal/professional data, information on ocular accidents in the past 5 years, post‐accident actions and the type of eye protection used. Their eyesight status and frequency of ocular examination were also recorded. Data were analysed using chi‐square test, independent samples t‐test and logistic regression. The level of significance was set at P = 0.05.ResultsThe response rate was 84%. Ocular accidents were reported by 73% of the participants. Amalgam and NaOCl were the foreign bodies most frequently associated with ocular accidents. Medical assistance was sought in 16% of the most recent accidents. No permanent eye damage was reported. Regular use of magnification (OR:0.305, 95%CI:0.123–0.754) and years of clinical experience (OR:0.191, 95%CI:0.066–0.551) were significant predictors for the incidence of ocular accidents. Adequate eye protection was utilized by 82% of endodontists. Endodontists with eyesight deficiencies attended more frequently for ocular examination (P = 0.018).ConclusionA high percentage of endodontists experienced ocular accidents. Regular use of magnification and increasing years in practice were associated with a reduced risk of ocular accidents. The majority of endodontists reported using adequate eye protection.
Urinary retention in a female patient caused by a urethral venous thrombus with massive edema
Authors: Nishizawa Koji , Matsuoka Takashi , Watanabe Yuji , Wani Yoji , Terai Akito 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFemale urinary retention is rarely caused by an unknown condition. In such a case, common causes including neurogenic, anatomical, traumatic and iatrogenic voiding dysfunction are excluded. Both the radiological and histological findings specific to the condition remain unclear. We herein report a 75‐year‐old woman in whom a large venous mass and massive edema at the proximal urethra caused urinary outlet obstruction based on magnetic resonance images and histological findings. Ultrasonography and cystoscopy showed a urethral mass lesion protruding into the bladder neck. Fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted and gadolinium‐enhanced T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images suggested thrombosed veins with massive edema under the urethral mucosa. Transurethral resection of the mass lesion was carried out, and histopathological analysis proved the presence of thrombosed large veins. The patient regained normal urination, and the mass lesion did not recur. Thrombosed venous mass with edema at the proximal urethra might be an important cause of atypical urinary retention in women.
Leukaemia cutis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia following varicella zoster virus reactivation
Authors: Hapgood G. , Mooney E. , Dinh H. V. , Gin D. , McLean C. , Ting S. B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe report a case of a 75‐year‐old male with indolent chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) for 8 years, who presented with a 6‐month history of a painful, zosteriform eruption in a T3‐4 distribution that evolved into an unusual crop of papular nodules. Upon biopsy and immunostaining of these lesions CLL was proven consistent with leukaemia cutis related to varicella‐zoster virus reactivation. In the absence of other treatment indices, he was commenced on chlorambucil with successful resolution of both his pain and the lesions.
The complementary use of electron backscatter diffraction and ion channelling imaging for the characterization of nanotwins
Authors: ALIMADADI H. , FANTA A.B. , PANTLEON K. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryOn the example of electrodeposited nickel films, it is shown that unique information on twins with dimensions on the nanoscale can be obtained by suitable combination of ion channelling imaging and electron backscatter diffraction analysis, whereas both (routine) single techniques cannot meet the requirements for analysis of these films. High‐resolution electron backscatter diffraction is inadequate for full characterization of nanotwins, but image quality maps obtained from electron backscatter diffraction at least yield a qualitative estimation of the location and number of nanotwins. Complementing this information with ion channelling imaging provides more representative insights into the microstructure, because it supplements the quantitative investigation of the number and width of twin lamellae with additional crystallographic orientation analysis provided by EBSD. To this end, two methods for adjusting EBSD data based on ion channelling images are proposed. Thorough selection of the complementary techniques opens future perspectives for the investigation of other challenging samples with nanoscale features in the microstructure.
Bioclimatic regions influence genetic structure of four JordanianStipaspecies
Authors: Hamasha H. R. , Schmidt‐Lebuhn A. N. , Durka W. , Schleuning M. , Hensen I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStrong environmental gradients can affect the genetic structure of plant populations, but little is known as to whether closely related species respond similarly or idiosyncratically to ecogeographic variation. We analysed the extent to which gradients in temperature and rainfall shape the genetic structure of fourStipaspecies in four bioclimatic regions in Jordan. Genetic diversity, differentiation and structure ofStipaspecies were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. For each of the four study species, we sampled 120 individuals from ten populations situated in distinct bioclimatic regions and assessed the degree of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation within and among populations. The widespread ruderalsStipa capensisandS. parviflorahad higher genetic diversity than the geographically restricted semi‐desert speciesS. arabicaandS. lagascae. In three of the four species, genetic diversity strongly decreased with precipitation, while genetic diversity increased with temperature inS. capensis. Most genetic diversity resided among populations in the semi‐desert species (ΦST = 0.572/0.595 inS. arabica/lagascae) but within populations in the ruderal species (ΦST = 0.355/0.387S. capensis/parviflora). Principal coordinate analysis(PCoA) and STRUCTURE analysis showed thatStipapopulations of all species clustered ecogeographically. A genome scan revealed that divergent selection at particularAFLPloci contributed to genetic differentiation. Irrespective of their different life histories,Stipaspecies responded similarly to the bioclimatic gradient in Jordan. We conclude that, in addition to predominant random processes, steep climatic gradients might shape the genetic structure of plant populations.
Fistula use after concurrent arteriovenous fistula formation and Tenckhoff catheter insertion
Authors: Jiang Simon H , Lan Patrick G , Yeung James , Gallagher Martin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA significant proportion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients will have abrupt technique failure requiring conversion to haemodialysis, often using temporary vascular catheters as bridging access. However, vascular catheter use has been associated with increased mortality and great effort has been made to reduce their use. Just under two decades ago, a trial of dual arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation and Tenckhoff catheter insertion reported only 4% of those in whom back‐up fistulae were formed ever used them. Patient demographic, surgical technique and fistula care over those decades have changed substantially, potentially making this practice feasible. Thirty‐five selected patients at Concord Repatriation and General Hospital had AVF formed at the time of Tenckhoff insertion and were entered prospectively into a vascular access database. We retrospectively examined this database with a median follow up of 345 days (interquartile range 183–658). Thirty‐one per cent of all patients used the preformed AVF, and a further 19% who were still on PD had clinically functioning AVF. The vast majority (62%) had abrupt PD technique failure. This is a marked difference to dated reports of AVF use after concurrent PD and AVF formation. It raises the possibility that the formation of back‐up fistula may be another method to reduce the need for vascular catheter use.
Neuropsychological performance in euthymic Indian patients with bipolar disorder type I: Correlation between quality of life and global functioning
Authors: Pattanayak Raman Deep , Sagar Rajesh , Mehta Manju 
Published: December 2012

AimThis study aims to assess the neuropsychological performance, quality of life (QoL) and global functioning in euthymic patients and healthy controls. It also explores the hypothesis that poorer cognitive performance will adversely influence the QoL of patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional assessment of 30 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type I and compared them to a healthy control group. All the participants were evaluated for IQ, sustained attention, information processing speed, executive functions and memory using the Verbal Adult Intelligence Scale, the Trail Making Test A & B, the Stroop Color and Word Test, the N‐Back test and Postgraduate Institute Memory Scale. Patients were also rated on World Health Organization QoL (BREF, Hindi version) and Global Assessment of Functioning.ResultsThe patient and control group were comparable in age, sex distribution, education, and verbal IQ. Compared to controls, the patients performed poorly on tests for sustained attention, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, delayed recall and verbal retention. Patients had significantly lower scores in psychological and social domains of QoL as well as global functioning. The test for sustained attention, executive functions and verbal retention showed a significant correlation to QoL domains. On stepwise multiple regression, cognitive flexibility and set shifting (Trail Making Test Part B) could significantly predict the psychological and social QoL domains, explaining 17% and 32% of the variance, respectively.ConclusionPatients with bipolar disorder display cognitive impairments in the euthymic period, which appears to adversely affect their QoL and overall functioning.
Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette‐Guérin in non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Houghton Baerin B. , Chalasani Venu , Hayne Dickon , Grimison Peter , Brown Christopher S. B. , Patel Manish I. , Davis Ian D. , Stockler Martin R. 
Published: December 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer has a significant recurrence and progression rate despite transurethral resection. The current standard of care to lower the risk of recurrence and progression is adjuvant BCG followed by maintenance BCG. Despite this, a significant number of patients experience recurrence and progress to invasive cancer. Several randomized trials have studied combination therapy (BCG with chemotherapy) to try to reduce the recurrence and progression rate.
We performed a systematic review with meta‐analysis and found that adjuvant BCG followed by maintenance therapy is the appropriate standard of care when compared with combination therapy. We conclude that further trials are warranted to test the effects of adding chemotherapy to BCG in patients with Ta or T1 disease, but not in those with Tis alone.
Objective
To determine if the combination of intravesical chemotherapy and maintenance bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG), used in sequence, is superior to maintenance BCG alone in the treatment of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
Methods
We searched biomedical literature databases for randomized controlled trials that compared sequential, intravesical chemotherapy added to maintenance BCG with maintenance BCG alone.
Studies that did not use maintenance BCG were excluded.
The meta‐analysis was performed using the fixed effects model.
Results
Four trials were identified, including 801 patients.
Adding chemotherapy to maintenance BCG did not result in a significant reduction in recurrence (relative risk [RR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–1.09; P = 0.32) or progression (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.61–1.27; P = 0.5).
The risk of recurrence (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61–0.92; P = 0.006) and progression (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.25–0.81; P = 0.007) were reduced when the single trial that included isolated Tis was excluded.
Toxicity was similar for both groups.
Conclusions
Adjuvant therapy with induction BCG followed by maintenance BCG is the appropriate standard of care for patients with resected NMIBC at high risk of recurrence.
Further trials are warranted to test the effects of adding chemotherapy to BCG in patients with Ta or T1 disease, but not in those with Tis alone.
A geographic analysis of male urethral stricture aetiology and location
Authors: Stein Daniel M. , Thum D. Joseph , Barbagli Guido , Kulkarni Sanjay , Sansalone Salvatore , Pardeshi Ashish , Gonzalez Chris M. 
Published: December 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
The incidence of specific aetiologies of urethral stricture disease has been reported from a variety of series throughout the world.
Most reported urethral stricture series are from single institutions or from a specific region of the world. We provide a multi‐centred series to compare aetiologic incidence between differing regional populations.
Objective
To better understand distinct regional patterns in urethral stricture aetiology and location among distinct regional populations.
Patients and Methods
Data on 2589 patients who underwent urethroplasty from 2000 to 2011 were collected retrospectively from three clinical sites, including 1646 patients from Italy, 715 from India and 228 from the USA.
Data from all sites were single‐surgeon series. As the data from the Italian and US cohorts were similar in aetiology, location and demographics, we combined these data to form group 1, and compared this group with men in the Indian cohort, group 2.
Age, stricture site and primary stricture aetiology were identified for each patient. Stricture site and primary aetiology were determined by the treating surgeon. Primary aetiology was defined as iatrogenic, trauma including pelvic‐fracture‐related urethral injury (PFUI), lichen sclerosus (LS), infectious, congenital, or unknown.
Results
There were more penile strictures (27 vs 5%) and fewer posterior urethral stenoses (9 vs 34%) in group 1.
There were more iatrogenic strictures identified in group 1 (35 vs 16%). When comparing the aetiology of iatrogenic strictures alone, more strictures in group 1 were attributable to failed hypospadias repair (49 vs 16%).
More patients presented with LS (22 vs 7%) and external trauma (36 vs 16%) in group 2.
Prevalence of strictures of infectious aetiology was low (1%) with similar proportions between the two groups.
Conclusions
We have shown that significant regional differences in stricture aetiology exist in a large multicentre cohort study. Group 1 had a higher proportion of penile strictures, largely owing to more iatrogenic strictures and, in particular, failed hypospadias repair. Group 2 had a higher proportion of PFUI and LS‐associated urethal stricture.
Identified infection‐related urethral stricture was rare in all cohorts.
Significant regional differences in stricture aetiology exist and should be considered when analysing international outcomes after urethroplasty. These data may also help the development of international disease prevention and treatment strategies.