bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalysts for change: A qualitative study of middle managers' perception of nursing professional competence in primary healthcare
Authors: Wiik Choi Kristian , Vifladt Anne , Høye Sevald 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThis study aims to explore middle managers' perception of nursing professional competence within the Norwegian primary healthcare service, a sector vital for managing complex patient needs.Design/MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with four middle managers across different municipalities in Norway. Qualitative content analyses, following Graneheim and Lundman, were used for analysing the transcription of the interviews and the data collected.FindingsThe qualitative content analysis revealed three main themes: the significance of advanced competence, challenges related to competence development and the necessity for defining advanced competence. The findings indicate that middle managers recognise the importance of advanced nursing competence in providing comprehensive patient care, notwithstanding challenges in manpower and competence enhancement.ConclusionThis research underlines the significance of investing in increased competence and improved management in primary healthcare and offers valuable insights for healthcare policy and practice to enhance patient care.
Resolution of Peritoneal Dialysis‐Associated Peritonitis From Weissella confusa Combined Gastric Hookworm Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wu Xiujuan , Wu Shaorui , Shan Juanping , Shen Shuijuan , Deng Xuan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTWe reported a rare case of peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis caused by Weissella confusa. In this case, the symptoms of peritonitis were insidious and atypical, with only turbid peritoneal dialysis effluent and no fever or abdominal pain. The peritoneal dialysis effluent showed slightly elevated leukocytes (predominantly lymphocytes). Weissella confusa was confirmed through repeated peritoneal dialysis effluent cultures. Gastroscopy revealed erosive gastritis with a hookworm infection. The patient recovered after antibiotic and deworming treatments. Our report highlights the unusual and atypical symptoms, characterized by insidious onset, turbid peritoneal dialysis fluid, and an absence of typical signs such as fever or abdominal pain.
Optimal redistributive charity
Authors: Aronsson Thomas , Johansson‐Stenman Olof , Wendner Ronald 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper analyzes optimal redistributive charitable giving in a Mirrleesian framework. The status motive behind charity, the stigma from receiving donations, and transaction costs all work to decrease the optimal marginal subsidies on redistributive charity. Because the existing empirical evidence of these effects (when available) is highly uncertain and context‐dependent, the range of possible outcomes is large, and even includes the possibility that charitable giving should be taxed rather than subsidized. In a natural benchmark case, the optimal tax treatment of charitable giving is consistent with a simple tax credit, whereas pure tax deductions are never part of the optimal policy.
Interactions between relationship support from mothers, fathers, and best friends as related to adolescent adjustment during the transition to high school
Authors: Ghosh Rachel A. , Bowker Julie C. , Rubin Kenneth H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSupportive parent‐adolescent relationships are known to promote adolescent adjustment, but less is known about the interactive roles of supportive relationships with mothers, fathers, and best friends. The current study examined the interactive relations between mother‐adolescent, father‐adolescent, and best friend relationship support on adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems across the high school transition. Participants (N = 368, Mage = 13.60, 47% male, 58% White) reported on their perceived support from mothers, fathers, and best friends (at Time 1 [Grade 8]) and their depressive symptoms and externalizing behaviors (at Times 1 and 2 [Grade 9]). Path models revealed no interaction effects involving support from mothers, fathers, and best friends when predicting externalizing symptoms. However, when predicting T2 depressive symptoms, several compensatory interaction effects were found. Father supportiveness moderated the association between maternal supportiveness and later depressive symptoms, and maternal supportiveness similarly moderated the relation between father supportiveness and depressive symptoms. In both instances, more support from one parent was related to fewer depressive symptoms when youth experienced an unsupportive relationship with the other parent. Best friend support also moderated the associations between both maternal support and paternal support and later depressive symptoms, such that maternal and paternal support were related to fewer subsequent depressive symptoms when youth experienced low and average (but not high) levels of friend support. The findings highlight the importance of considering networks of close relationships in the study of depressive symptoms during adolescence.
Reaching across social divides deliberately: Theoretical, political, and practical implications of intergroup contact volition for intergroup relations
Authors: Paolini Stefania , Harwood Jake , Rubin Mark , Huck Jonathan , Dunn Kevin , Dixon John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe benefits of positive intergroup contact for intergroup attitudes are well‐established. Yet individual and group self‐segregation practices demonstrate that opportunities for intergroup contact are not sufficient for contact uptake; and persistent institutionalized segregation reinforces and compounds this problem. Hence, we need to understand what drives people towards and away from intergroup contact and what consequences the capacity to deliberately engage or avoid contact has for individuals, groups, and communities. This paper formally introduces the concept of intergroup contact volition: our perceived personal control over intergroup contact engagement and avoidance. We demonstrate this concept's theoretical, political, and practical significance by highlighting its embeddedness in both old and recent literature. We document debates around volition in early intergroup contact research and note a prolonged neglect since. After discussing reasons for that neglect, we present a detailed analysis of the concept, outlining how the idea of volition itself is contested and political, as well as the ways it intersects with broader societal power and status dynamics. We then outline pathways for future research, including investigations of when taking volition away (making contact mandated) might be helpful, intersections between psychological and human geography perspectives on volition, and connections between volition and system justification. We argue that contact volition is intimately and ultimately linked to issues of social change: support of, versus resistance to, policies promoting intergroup integration. As a result, an enhanced understanding of volition is critical to developing intergroup contact research and practice into outcomes that maximize social justice.
Who handles the tough talk? Supervisor sense of power and confronting difficult issues
Authors: Figueroa Alexandra , Goodwin Rachael Dailey , Wakslak Cheryl J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAddressing difficult, controversial, or sensitive issues with employees is a critical component of effective leadership, but discussing uncomfortable topics with subordinates can be daunting, even for those with structural power. Distinguishing between the structural power that supervisors hold, and their situationally felt personal sense of power, we consider here how a supervisor's personal sense of power relates to his or her inclination to confront, or to avoid, difficult conversations, as well as to offer social support in such contexts. Integrating a social role theory perspective, we further consider the role of gender. Across an initial study (N = 588), and a follow‐up replication study (N = 567), we show that personal sense of power predicts supervisor's inclination to confront (and not to avoid) difficult issues in the workplace, as well as to offer social support to the target of conversation. We also consider whether such effects vary across male and female supervisors, finding inconsistent results across studies. In Study 1a, we found that power had less of an effect on the avoidance and support intentions of women than men, such that women (but not men) were more likely to constructively confront the difficult issue head on as well as to offer support, even when they felt low in personal power. These effects did not emerge in Study 1b. However, in both studies, we find a main effect of gender on social support such that women were more likely to provide social support when confronting difficult issues. We speculate about reasons for this inconsistency, and further theorize about the role of personal sense of power and gender in explaining supervisor's engagement in difficult conversations.
Cooperation, domination: Twin functions of third‐party punishment
Authors: Wylie Jordan , Gantman Ana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRules serve many important functions in society. One such function is to codify, and make public and enforceable, a society's desired prescriptions and proscriptions. This codification means that rules come with predefined punishments administered by third parties. We argue that when we look at how third parties punish rule violations, we see that rules and their punishments often serve dual functions. They support and help to maintain cooperation as it is usually theorized, but they also facilitate the domination of marginalized others. We begin by reviewing literature on rules and third‐party punishment, arguing that a great deal of punishment research has neglected to consider the unique power of codified rules. We also argue that by focusing on codified rules, it becomes clear that the enforcement of such rules via third‐party punishment is often used to exert control, punish retributively, and oppress outgroup members. By challenging idealized theory of rules as facilitators of social harmony, we highlight their role in satisfying personal punishment motives, and facilitating discrimination in a way that is uniquely justifiable to those who enforce them.
Enhanced calendar support for temporal datacube queries
Authors: Baumann Peter , Pham Huu Bang , Misev Dimitar , Merticariu Vlad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA significant share of our data are timeseries. Time can occur as the single dimension, or further (such as spatial) dimensions can be present as well, leading to multidimensional data such as 3D x/y/t satellite image timeseries or 4D x/y/z/t atmospheric simulations like weather forecasts. However, no user would like to count “seconds since epoch,” rather we all prefer calendar notation. Libraries, SQL, etc. support calendar arithmetics, yet more advanced functionality is needed. Instead of demoting advanced calendar functionality to low‐level coding, it seems desirable to have semantic support for calendars at high‐level, declarative query level. We present a conceptual framework for temporal modeling which allows the expression of a wide range of temporal queries. It smoothly enhances existing calendar handling by adding two new data and query description parameters, period of validity, and granularity. While our work is embedded in spatio‐temporal geo services, it can be incorporated in a non‐breaking manner in any environment needing calendar addressing. The concepts are implemented in an Array DBMS operational on several Petabytes of Earth datacubes.
Impact of machine perfusion on transplant infectious diseases: New challenges and opportunities
Authors: Purssell Andrew , Kumar Deepali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPreservation techniques that maintain the viability of an organ graft between retrieval from the donor and implantation into the recipient remain a critical aspect of solid organ transplantation. While traditionally preservation is accomplished with static cold storage, advances in ex vivo dynamic machine perfusion, both hypothermic and normothermic, have allowed for prolongation of organ viability and recovery of marginal organs effectively increasing the usable donor pool.However, the use of these novel machine perfusion technologies likely exposes the recipient to additional infectious risk either through clonal expansion of pathogens derived during organ recovery or de novo exogenous acquisition of pathogens while the organ remains on the machine perfusion circuit. There is a paucity of high‐quality studies that have attempted to quantify infection risk, although it appears that prolonging the time on the machine perfusion circuit and normothermic parameters increases the risk of infection. Conversely, the use of ex vivo machine perfusion unlocks new opportunities to detect and treat donor‐derived infections before implantation into the recipient.This review seeks to reveal how the use of ex vivo machine perfusion strategies may augment the risk of infection in the organ recipient as well as outline ways that this technology could be leveraged to enhance our ability to manage donor‐derived infections.
Comparison of cytological findings between direct impression smears and adhesive slides in canine superficial bacterial folliculitis
Authors: Tully M. , Milley C. , Bourgeois A. , Bidot W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous cytological investigation is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF). Studies comparing tape strips and direct impression (DI) smears have demonstrated that DI may recover more inflammatory cells and nuclear streaming (NS). Adhesive slides (AS) have not been evaluated in cutaneous cytological investigation.ObjectiveTo compare cytological findings between AS and DI for the same lesion in SBF.AnimalsFifteen client‐owned dogs with clinical signs suggestive of SBF were enrolled.Materials and MethodsFifty lesions consistent with SBF comprising collarettes, papules and crusts were included. Half of each lesion was sampled using DI and the other half sampled using AS. Papules were sampled sequentially in a randomised order between techniques. Three investigators blinded to the sample pairings read the slides in duplicate. Ten adjacent oil immersion fields were examined. Bacteria were recorded on a quantitative scale, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), NS and ‘miscellaneous’ on a qualitative scale, and keratinocytes (KC) on a semiquantitative scale.ResultsSignificant differences were identified for KC (DI mean 2.5, SD ±0.08; AS mean 3.3, SD ±0.06, p < 0.0001), ‘miscellaneous’ (DI mean 0.72, SD ±0.03; AS mean 0.83, SD ±0.02 p < 0.0001), NS (DI mean 0.69, SD ±0.03; AS mean 0.56; SD ±0.03, p < 0.0001) and extracellular cocci (DI mean 5.03, ±SD 7.2; AS mean 3.91, ±SD 4.3, p = 0.01).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceDI identified more EC cocci and NS, while AS detected more KC and debris. Intra‐ and interobserver agreement varied, with AS having poorer agreement for several parameters. These results can be used to inform the clinician of the best methodology to use in confirming a diagnosis of SBF.
Ecology and molecular analysis of sand flies in Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Implications for leishmaniasis surveillance
Authors: Carvalho Gustavo Mayr de Lima , Dutra‐Rêgo Felipe , Andrade‐Filho José Dilermando 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionLeishmaniasis stands out as a public health problem in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, especially in the Midwest region. However, the entomological aspects in several municipalities remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sand fly fauna in Bambuí, encompassing ecological dynamics and molecular detection of Leishmania.MethodsMonthly collections were conducted using CDC light traps from September 2018 to August 2020 across 16 selected points with urban and rural characteristics, chosen based on the coverage area of the Municipal Health Department and the occurrence of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. Ecological indices of the sand fly population (Chao1, Shannon, Simpson and Pielou) were assessed, and sand fly abundance was correlated to climatic variables (humidity, temperature and rainfall).ResultsA total of 8838 specimens representing 17 species within nine genera were collected (estimated species richness by Chao 1 estimator = 17; SE ± 1.8). Predominantly, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia whitmani and Evandromyia cortelezzii constituted approximately 98% of all captured sand flies. While species richness and diversity displayed variations throughout the study, a positive correlation emerged between temperature (p < 0.0001; r = 0.7767), monthly rainfall (p < 0.0001; r = 0.7810) and sand fly abundance. Molecular analysis revealed Leishmania DNA in 2.05% of female sand flies, with the presence of Leishmania infantum in Lu. longipalpis and both Le. infantum and Leishmania braziliensis in Ev. cortelezzii.ConclusionsThe entomological data, coupled with the occurrence of autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, offer valuable insights for evidence‐based strategies to prevent leishmaniasis in Bambuí.
The inertia bound is far from tight
Authors: Kwan Matthew , Wigderson Yuval 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe inertia bound and ratio bound (also known as the Cvetković bound and Hoffman bound) are two fundamental inequalities in spectral graph theory, giving upper bounds on the independence number of a graph in terms of spectral information about a weighted adjacency matrix of . For both inequalities, given a graph , one needs to make a judicious choice of weighted adjacency matrix to obtain as strong a bound as possible. While there is a well‐established theory surrounding the ratio bound, the inertia bound is much more mysterious, and its limits are rather unclear. In fact, only recently did Sinkovic find the first example of a graph for which the inertia bound is not tight (for any weighted adjacency matrix), answering a longstanding question of Godsil. We show that the inertia bound can be extremely far from tight, and in fact can significantly underperform the ratio bound: for example, one of our results is that for infinitely many , there is an ‐vertex graph for which even the unweighted ratio bound can prove , but the inertia bound is always at least . In particular, these results address questions of Rooney, Sinkovic, and Wocjan–Elphick–Abiad.
The Stress State in an Elastic Disk Due to a Temperature Variation in One Sector
Authors: Zandekarimi Salman , Royer-Carfagni Gianni 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Consider a linear elastic infinite disk, a sector of which, of arbitrary opening angle 2β, is subjected to a uniform temperature increase ΔT with respect to the complementary portion. An analytical solution is sought, imagining that the disk is first cut along the interface with the heated sector, now free to expand; then the two parts are re-joined and the thermal mismatch is annihilated by arrays of glide dislocations, distributed along the interfaces. A sequence of approximate solutions is found as the length of the arrays of reconciling dislocations is increased, characterized by a logarithmic stress singularity at the sector tip. However, modulo the particular case 2β=π, the stress grows unboundedly when the length of the dislocation arrays tends to infinity. This is in agreement with the predictions from dimensional analysis, because for the infinite disk problem there is no internal length scale. If the disk is finite in size, its radius R represents an additional length scale enriching the class of solutions, but the analytical treatment results much more complicated. Therefore, we propose to correlate the solution of this problem with that of an infinite disk for which the length of the arrays of reconciling dislocations is finite and depends upon R. An excellent agreement with numerical experiments in abaqus is thus found. An approach of this type can be useful in many engineering problems for which the limit condition of infinite body, though leading to analytic simplifications, could imply spurious results.
A Comprehensive Model to Compute Roll Gap Profile for a Rolling Mill Including Bearing and Mill Housing Deflections
Authors: Previati Giorgio , Stabile Pietro , Ballo Federico , Sghirlanzoni Davide , Frascino Leonardo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Obtaining the desired strip profile is of paramount importance in cold rolling. The final strip profile depends on several parameters of the plants including crown and taper profiles and segmented backup roll positions. This paper aims to present a newly developed combined finite element–analytical model of the rolling mill able to model not only the roll cluster but also the mill housing and backup bearings deformations. This makes the proposed model especially suitable to simulate cluster-type rolling mills. The model exploits a modified elastic foundation formulation for a precise computation of the contact forces between rolls, taking into account rolls’ crown and taper. A reduced stiffness matrix approach is implemented for accurate mill housing modeling. A full 3D finite element model of the rolling mill and experimental data are used for the validation of the presented model. By exploiting the validated model, the paper shows that the deformation of supporting bearings and mill housing plays a crucial role in the strip profile calculation and should be included in any cluster-type roll mill model.
Pharmacogenetic determinants of tenofovir diphosphate and lamivudine triphosphate concentrations in people with HIV/HBV coinfection
Authors: Bae Jihyun , Tantawy Marwa , Gong Yan , Langaee Taimour , Lartey Margaret , Ganu Vincent , Tachi Kenneth , Ojewale Oluwayemisi , Obo-Akwa Adjoa , Boamah Isaac , Bushman Lane R. , Ellison Lucas , Yang Hongmei , Anderson Peter L. , Kwara Awewura 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The nucleos(t)ide analogs require phosphorylation to the pharmacologically active anabolites in cells. We investigated the hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that encode transporters and phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes involved in tenofovir (TFV), disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and lamivudine (3TC) disposition will be associated with concentrations of their phosphate anabolites and virologic response. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection receiving TDF/3TC-containing antiretroviral therapy were enrolled. Steady-state TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP) and 3TC triphosphate (3TC-TP) concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dried blood spot samples were quantified. The relationship between genetic variants and TFV-DP and 3TC-TP concentrations as well as with virologic response were examined using multivariable linear regression. Of the 136 participants (median age 43 years; 63% females), 6.6% had HBV non-suppression, and 7.4% had HIV non-suppression. The multidrug resistance protein 2 (encoded by
ABCC2
rs2273697) SNP was associated with 3TC-TP concentrations in PBMCs. The human organic anion transporter-1 (encoded by
SLC28A2
) rs11854484 SNP was associated with HIV non-suppression, and when evaluated together with SNPs with marginal associations (
ABCC2
rs717620 and
PDE1C
rs30561), participants with two or three variants compared to those with none of these variants had an adjusted odds ratio of 48.3 (confidence interval, 4.3–547.8) for HIV non-suppression. None of the SNPs were associated with HBV non-suppression. Our study identified
ABCC2
SNP to be associated with 3TC-TP concentrations in PBMCs. Also, a combination of genetic variants of drug transporters and PDE was associated with HIV non-suppression.