bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STAT3 and NF-κB Signal Pathway Is Required for IL-23-Mediated IL-17 Production in Spontaneous Arthritis Animal Model IL-1 Receptor Antagonist-Deficient Mice
Authors: Cho Mi-La , Kang Jung-Won , Moon Young-Mee , Nam Hyo-Jung , Jhun Joo-Yeon , Heo Seong-Beom , Jin Hyun-Tak , Min So-Youn , Ju Ji-Hyeon , Park Kyung-Su , Cho Young-Gyu , Yoon Chong-Hyeon , Park Sung-Hwan , Sung Young-Chul , Kim Ho-Youn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIL-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of a p19 subunit and the p40 subunit of IL-12. IL-23 has proinflammatory activity, inducing IL-17 secretion from activated CD4+ T cells and stimulating the proliferation of memory CD4+ T cells. We investigated the pathogenic role of IL-23 in CD4+ T cells in mice lacking the IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra−/−), an animal model of spontaneous arthritis. IL-23 was strongly expressed in the inflamed joints of IL-1Ra−/− mice. Recombinant adenovirus expressing mouse IL-23 (rAd/mIL-23) significantly accelerated this joint inflammation and joint destruction. IL-1β further increased the production of IL-23, which induced IL-17 production and OX40 expression in splenic CD4+ T cells of IL-1Ra−/− mice. Blocking IL-23 with anti-p19 Ab abolished the IL-17 production induced by IL-1 in splenocyte cultures. The process of IL-23-induced IL-17 production in CD4+ T cells was mediated via the activation of Jak2, PI3K/Akt, STAT3, and NF-κB, whereas p38 MAPK and AP-1 did not participate in the process. Our data suggest that IL-23 is a link between IL-1 and IL-17. IL-23 seems to be a central proinflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of this IL-1Ra−/− model of spontaneous arthritis. Its intracellular signaling pathway could be useful therapeutic targets in the treatment of autoimmune arthritis.
Los vaivenes de la política exterior argentina re-democratizada (1983-2013). Reflexiones sobre el impacto de los condicionantes internos
Authors: Busso Anabella 
Published: April 2014

La estabilidad institucional vigente en la Argentina desde finales de 1983 no trajo consigo un escenario de continuidad para la política exterior. Frente a esto, este artículo sostiene que, sin desconocer el impacto de las variables sistémicas, los vaivenes de la política exterior se explican mayoritariamente por causas internas entre las cuales se destacan las crisis político/económicas, las tensiones entre los distintos modelos de desarrollo y sus respectivas estrategias de inserción internacional y las
variaciones en la concepción de democracia. Consecuentemente, se hará una revisión breve de estas causas analizando su impacto en el devenir de la política exterior.
Comparaison de deux enquêtes de victimisation
Authors: Lebeau Amélie , Wemmers1 Jo-Anne , Cyr Katie , Chamberland Claire 
Published: April 2014

Les questionnaires de victimisation ont montré que le risque de victimisation diminue avec l’âge. Au Canada, l’Enquête sociale générale (ESG) qui mesure la victimisation de la population n’inclut pas les moins de 15 ans. Les informations disponibles concernant la victimisation des jeunes viennent donc de sources officielles comme la Direction de la protection de la jeunesse ou la police. Ces sources sont incomplètes et ne représentent que la pointe de l’iceberg puisque le chiffre noir concernant la victimisation des enfants est important. Le Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) a été développé aux États-Unis par David Finkelhor et ses collègues afin de combler ces lacunes. Dans cet article nous comparons les résultats de ce nouvel instrument avec ceux de l’Enquête sociale générale obtenus par un questionnaire testé et utilisé pendant près de 20 ans au Canada, afin d’évaluer si les données du JVQ sont fiables pour décrire la victimisation des jeunes. Plus spécifiquement, les mesures de la victimisation à vie et celle des 12 derniers mois sont comparées. Les résultats indiquent que malgré les différences inhérentes aux deux questionnaires, les échantillons des 15 à 17 ans présentent des taux relativement comparables pour la victimisation des 12 derniers mois, mais des différences sur le plan de la victimisation à vie.
L’exposition à la violence familiale
Authors: Dumont1 Annie , Lessard Geneviève , Cyr Katie , Chamberland Claire , Clément Marie-Ève 
Published: April 2014

Les résultats de cette recherche portent sur l’accumulation de diverses formes de violence et leurs conséquences sur les jeunes exposés à la violence familiale (EVF). Les hypothèses de départ sont : 1- les jeunes EVF vivent plus de violences diverses et plus de symptômes de trauma que les enfants non exposés ; 2- l’accumulation de violences dans la vie de ces jeunes a un effet modérateur sur les conséquences de l’EVF. Des analyses statistiques sont faites à partir de données secondaires issues de deux études québécoises sur la polyvictimisation. Les résultats démontrent que les jeunes EVF vivent davantage de formes de violence différentes annuellement. De plus, le niveau d’anxiété, de colère, de dépression et de syndrome de stress post-traumatique (SSPT) est également plus important pour eux. Par ailleurs, cette accumulation de violences a un effet modérateur sur la colère des 2 à 11 ans. Ces résultats nous amènent à constater l’importance de faire un dépistage de toutes les formes de violence autres que l’EVF pouvant prendre place dans la vie de ces jeunes. Cette vision holistique doit également être présente dans la recherche, puisque l’accumulation de violences peut avoir un effet modérateur sur les symptômes de trauma étudiés.
La pensée magique chez les enfants soldats congolais
Authors: Daxhelet1 Marie-Laure , Brunet Louis 
Published: April 2014

Malgré plusieurs efforts de la part de la communauté internationale pour enrayer le phénomène des enfants soldats, encore des centaines de milliers d’enfants sont contraints à faire la guerre. La littérature démontre chez ces enfants diverses psychopathologies à la suite de cette expérience militaire, telles que l’anxiété, la dépression et l’état de stress post-traumatique. Cette recherche, menée sur le terrain, tente de mieux comprendre les processus psychiques permettant à ces jeunes militaires de survivre psychologiquement à une expérience de guerre. À cette fin, 78 entrevues effectuées auprès de 22 ex-enfants soldats et des données issues de l’observation participante réalisée pendant trois mois dans un centre de transit pour enfants soldats en République démocratique du Congo ont été soumises à une analyse qualitative par consensus. Cette analyse démontre un élément spécifique qui semble jouer un rôle protecteur considérable dans l’évitement d’un traumatisme chez les enfants : l’utilisation de la pensée magique incarnée par l’arme et par ce que les enfants nomment « fétiches ». Cet article explore donc ces deux composantes antitraumatiques, tente d’en expliquer l’efficacité par l’influence du groupe et du leader et aborde la désubjectivation comme conséquence à l’utilisation de cette pensée magique.
Differentiating flow, melt, or fossil seismic anisotropy beneath Ethiopia
Authors: Hammond J. O. S. , Kendall J.‐M. , Wookey J. , Stuart G. W. , Keir D. , Ayele A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEthiopia is a region where continental rifting gives way to oceanic spreading. Yet the role that pre‐existing lithospheric structure, melt, mantle flow, or active upwellings may play in this process is debated. Measurements of seismic anisotropy are often used to attempt to understand the contribution that these mechanisms may play. In this study, we use new data in Afar, Ethiopia along with legacy data across Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Yemen to obtain estimates of mantle anisotropy using SKS‐wave splitting. We show that two layers of anisotropy exist, and we directly invert for these. We show that fossil anisotropy with fast directions oriented northeast‐southwest may be preserved in the lithosphere away from the rift. Beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift and parts of Afar, anisotropy due to shear segregated melt along sharp changes in lithospheric thickness dominates the shear‐wave splitting signal in the mantle. Beneath Afar, away from regions with significant lithospheric topography, melt pockets associated with the crustal and uppermost mantle magma storage dominate the signal in localized regions. In general, little anisotropy is seen in the uppermost mantle beneath Afar suggesting melt retains no preferential alignment. These results show the important role melt plays in weakening the lithosphere and imply that as rifting evolves passive upwelling sustains extension. A dominant northeast‐southwest anisotropic fast direction is observed in a deeper layer across all of Ethiopia. This suggests that a conduit like plume is lacking beneath Afar today, rather a broad flow from the southwest dominates flow in the upper mantle.
Ionospheric model‐observation comparisons: E layer at Arecibo Incorporation of SDO‐EVE solar irradiances
Authors: Sojka Jan J. , Jensen Joseph B. , David Michael , Schunk Robert W. , Woods Tom , Eparvier Frank , Sulzer Michael P. , Gonzalez Sixto A. , Eccles J. Vincent 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study evaluates how the new irradiance observations from the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) can, with its high spectral resolution and 10 s cadence, improve the modeling of the E region. To demonstrate this a campaign combining EVE observations with that of the NSF Arecibo incoherent scatter radar (ISR) was conducted. The ISR provides E region electron density observations with high‐altitude resolution, 300 m, and absolute densities using the plasma line technique. Two independent ionospheric models were used, the Utah State University Time‐Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM) and Space Environment Corporation's Data‐Driven D Region (DDDR) model. Each used the same EVE irradiance spectrum binned at 1 nm resolution from 0.1 to 106 nm. At the E region peak the modeled TDIM density is 20% lower and that of the DDDR is 6% higher than observed. These differences could correspond to a 36% lower (TDIM) and 12% higher (DDDR) production rate if the differences were entirely attributed to the solar irradiance source. The detailed profile shapes that included the E region altitude and that of the valley region were only qualitatively similar to observations. Differences on the order of a neutral‐scale height were present. Neither model captured a distinct dawn to dusk tilt in the E region peak altitude. A model sensitivity study demonstrated how future improved spectral resolution of the 0.1 to 7 nm irradiance could account for some of these model shortcomings although other relevant processes are also poorly modeled.
Properties of plasma ions in the distant Jovian magnetosheath using Solar Wind Around Pluto data on New Horizons
Authors: Nicolaou G. , McComas D. J. , Bagenal F. , Elliott H. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on New Horizons (NH) made in situ observations of ions in Jupiter's distant magnetotail and magnetosheath during its 2007 flyby. NH observed 16 magnetopause crossings between 1654 and 2429 RJ antisunward from Jupiter. We have developed a method to calculate the bulk properties of the plasma ions (density, velocity, and temperature) based on a forward model of the SWAP instrument response. We fit the observations using both Maxwell and kappa distributions. In this paper we describe our technique, which includes accounting for the detailed and asymmetric response of the SWAP electrostatic analyzer, and present the results for the distant Jovian magnetosheath. Finally, we discuss the characteristics of the derived bulk properties and compare these results to previously developed gas dynamic models for magnetospheres of giant planets.
Constructing empirical resolution diagnostics for kriging and minimum curvature gridding
Authors: Chiao Ling‐Yun , Chen Ying‐Nien , Gung Yuancheng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResolution analysis is a crucial appraisal procedure in solving general estimation problems, especially for correctly interpreting the results of spatial analysis schemes. Resolution analyses based on the resolving kernels are typically applied to small inverse problems only when the inverse operators are explicitly accessible. Stochastic simulation schemes have been proposed to extract empirical resolution information for solving large inverse problem. In this study, we generalize the formulation of the empirical resolution length and derive the characteristic length of the point spread function for general estimation methods such as minimum curvature gridding and kriging interpolation schemes that are not equipped with explicitly accessible resolving kernels. The implementation of these resolution diagnostics has not been possible in the past and is demonstrated in this study to facilitate clarifying the advantages and limitations of these widely used methods. In addition, we compare these schemes, based on the resolution appraisal, with a multiscale gridding algorithm in the spatial analysis of the Pacific seafloor heat flow observations. By depicting the pattern of the resolution length variations of both the empirical averaging function and the point spread function for each of the estimated models, we demonstrate that schemes equipped with multiscale capability are more favorable for accommodating sparse, nonuniform data distribution than stationary schemes, such as the kriging method. Furthermore, the empirical resolution pattern constructed in this study facilitates the selection of an appropriate reference function and radii of influence for fitting the variogram, which is difficult but critical when using the kriging method.
Coordinated ionospheric observations indicating coupling between preonset flow bursts and waves that lead to substorm onset
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Nicolls M. J. , Hampton D. L. , Michell R. G. , Samara M. , Bristow W. A. , Donovan E. F. , Spanswick E. , Angelopoulos V. , Mende S. B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA critical, long‐standing problem in substorm research is identification of the sequence of events leading to substorm expansion phase onset. Recent Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) all‐sky imager (ASI) array observations have shown a repeatable preonset sequence, which is initiated by a poleward boundary intensification (PBI) and is followed by auroral streamers moving equatorward (earthward flow in the plasma sheet) and then by substorm onset. On the other hand, substorm onset is also preceded by azimuthally propagating waves, indicating a possible importance of wave instability for triggering substorm onset. However, it has been difficult to identify the link between fast flows and waves. We have found an isolated substorm event that was well instrumented with the Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar (PFISR), THEMIS white‐light ASI, and multispectral ASI, where the auroral onset occurred within the PFISR and ASI fields of view. This substorm onset was preceded by a PBI, and ionospheric flows propagated equatorward from the polar cap, crossed the PBI, and reached the growth phase arc. This sequence provides evidence that flows from open magnetic field lines propagate across the open‐closed boundary and reach the near‐Earth plasma sheet prior to the onset. Quasi‐stable oscillations in auroral luminosity and ionospheric density are found along the growth phase arc. These preonset auroral waves amplified abruptly at the onset time, soon after the equatorward flows reached the onset region. This sequence suggests a coupling process where preexisting stable waves in the near‐Earth plasma sheet interact with flows from farther downtail and then evolve to onset instability.
Multiscale temporal variations of pulsating auroras: On‐off pulsation and a few Hz modulation
Authors: Nishiyama Takanori , Sakanoi Takeshi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Hampton Donald L. , Katoh Yuto , Kataoka Ryuho , Okano Shoichi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA statistical study on the cross‐scale property on the temporal variations of pulsating aurora intensity was conducted on 53 events observed at the Poker Flat Research Range during the period from 1 December 2011 to 1 March 2012. The observed modulation frequency ranged from 1.5 to 3.3 Hz, and strong modulations were not seen in the frequency range higher than about 3 Hz. This suggests that the time of flight of electrons has a time‐smoothing effect on the more rapid variations above 3 Hz. Furthermore, the frequency of modulation showed relatively strong correlation to auroral intensity (correlation coefficient of 0.58), and it can be explained with nonlinear wave growth theory, in which the modulation frequency increases with the wave amplitude of the whistler mode chorus. In contrast, the on‐off pulsations showed no significant correlations with auroral intensity. This result probably implies that several different plasma processes with different time scales from nonlinear wave growth should be taken into account when determining the on‐off periods. In particular, we suggest that long‐term variations in the cold plasma density play a dominant role in controlling the conditions of wave‐particle interactions that have temporal scale of the on‐off pulsation periods.
Improvements in total column ozone in GEOSCCM and comparisons with a new ozone‐depleting substances scenario
Authors: Oman Luke D. , Douglass Anne R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe evolution of ozone is examined in the latest version of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry‐Climate Model (GEOSCCM) using old and new ozone‐depleting substances (ODS) scenarios. This version of GEOSCCM includes a representation of the quasi‐biennial oscillation, a more realistic implementation of ozone chemistry at high solar zenith angles, an improved air/sea roughness parameterization, and an extra 5 parts per trillion of CH3Br to account for brominated very short‐lived substances. Together these additions improve the representation of ozone compared to observations. This improved version of GEOSCCM was used to simulate the ozone evolution for the A1 2010 and the new Stratosphere‐troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) 2013 ODS scenario derived using the SPARC Lifetimes Report 2013. This new ODS scenario results in a maximum Cltot increase of 65 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), decreasing slightly to 60 pptv by 2100. Approximately 72% of the increase is due to the longer lifetime of CFC‐11. The quasi‐global (60°S–60°N) total column ozone difference is relatively small and less than 1 Dobson unit on average and consistent with the 3–4% larger 2050–2080 average Cly in the new SPARC 2013 scenario. Over high latitudes, this small change in Cly compared to the relatively large natural variability makes it not possible to discern a significant impact on ozone in the second half of the 21st century in a single set of simulations.
Active fault‐tolerant control for near space vehicles based on reference model adaptive sliding mode scheme
Authors: Zhao Jing , Jiang Bin , Chowdhury Fahmida N. , Shi Peng 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, an adaptive sliding mode (ASM) scheme is proposed for fault identification and fault‐tolerant control of near space vehicles (NSVs). First, the attitude dynamic model is introduced, and a baseline controller based on reference sliding mode scheme is designed in the case of no faults. Then fault parameterizations with actuator dynamics is presented for several classes of faults: lock‐in‐place, float, hard‐over, and loss of effectiveness. On the basis of adaptive observer design, fault parameters can be accurately estimated on‐line. Furthermore, an ASM fault‐tolerant controller is designed for both cases of actuator dynamic faults and control effector damage. Finally, simulation experiments show that the proposed ASM scheme is able to quickly and accurately identify faults and reconfigure the controller, resulting in excellent overall system performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion and sorption of nitroplasticizers in vinyl copolymer elastomer and its composites
Authors: Yang Dali , Pacheco Robin , Henderson Kevin , Hubbard Kevin , Devlin David 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTTo study the aging behavior of cured vinyl copolymer elastomer (VCE) under thermal and nitroplasticizer (NP) environment, we investigated the sorption and diffusion of NP in VCE and its composites. The sorption kinetics of NP into VCE and its composites with respect to filler concentration (0–80%) and temperature (18–70°C) were investigated by conventional gravimetric method. The NP sorption process is endothermic. Kinetic studies show that Fickian diffusion can describe the NP sorption in the VCE polymer. The samples with a high filler concentration show more complicated behavior at low temperature than that at high temperature. The present article discusses the dependences of diffusion coefficient and other related parameters on the polymer concentration and morphological structures of the samples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40729.
Reinforcement on the mechanical‐, thermal‐, and water‐resistance properties of the wood flour/chitosan/poly(vinyl chloride) composites by physical and chemical modification
Authors: Xu Kaimeng , Li Kaifu , Tu Dengyun , Zhong Tuhua , Xie Chengping 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we aimed to physically and chemically modify wood flour (WF)/chitosan (CS) mixtures to reinforce the mechanical‐, thermal‐, and water‐resistance properties of WF/CS/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites with a three‐step modification process. This was a vacuum‐pressure treatment of sodium montmorillonite, inner intercalation replacement of organically modified montmorillonite, and surface grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The untreated and modified mixtures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and contact angle measurement. Meanwhile, the mechanical strengths and water absorption of WF/CS/PVC were estimated. The results indicate that the samples had a better performance after they were modified by montmorillonite (MMT) + GMA than when they were modified by only MMT. MMT and GMA showed a very synergistic enhancement to the mechanical‐, thermal‐, and water‐resistance properties of the WF/CS/PVC composites. Specifically, the maximum flexural and tensile strengths were increased by 10.59 and 12.28%, respectively. The maximum water absorption rate was decreased by 61.99%, and the maximum degradation temperature was delayed to the higher value from 314.3 and 374.9°C in the untreated sample to 388.8 and 412.8°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40757.
Zein‐based ultrathin fibers containing ceramic nanofillers obtained by electrospinning. II. Mechanical properties, gas barrier, and sustained release capacity of biocide thymol in multilayer polylactide films
Authors: Torres‐Giner Sergio , Martinez‐Abad Antonio , Lagaron Jose Maria 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe combination of electrospinning technology and nanomaterials such as nanoclays can synergistically lead to novel materials with enhanced properties and functionalities for their usage in passive and active packaging applications. Part I of this work was focused on the development of ultrathin zein fibers containing nanoclays, which were oriented along the fiber axis and increased the thermal properties. Part II presents the use of the hybrid fibers as passive and active components in multilayer packaging structures. The hybrid fibers are incorporated in poly(lactic acid) films via a two‐step process: Electrospinning and compression molding. The composites thus produced presented improved mechanical and barrier properties than the unfilled material. The natural biocide extract thymol is then incorporated in the coating, and its sustained release properties are shown. The antimicrobial capacity of the hybrid fibers was also determined against foodborne bacteria. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40768.