bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal characteristics of hyolaryngeal structural movements in normal swallowing
Authors: Nam Hyung Seok , Oh Byung‐Mo , Han Tai Ryoon 
Published: March 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the relationship between movements of hyolaryngeal structures and fluid bolus transition in normal swallowing using automatized kinematic analysis of the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS).Study DesignA prospective, descriptive study.MethodsSeventy‐five healthy volunteers underwent VFSS with 2 mL of diluted barium. The timing and sequence of structural movements were measured for laryngeal elevation (LE), hyoid excursion (HE), epiglottic rotation (ER), and fluid bolus transition.ResultsThe rapid movement of LE (reference time point) was initiated simultaneously with the fluid bolus head passing the mandibular angle (−0.05 s, P = .07), followed by rapid onset of HE with significant temporal difference (P < .001). After the hyoid onset, onset of ER (0.17 s, P < .001), entrance of the bolus through upper esophageal sphincter (0.33 s, P < .001), maximal point of LE (0.52 s, P < .001), HE (0.53 s, P = .344), and maximal point of ER (0.64 s, P < .001) followed sequentially. For subgroup analysis, we classified 50 subjects without premature bolus loss (PBL) or pharyngeal triggering delay (PTD) into the “early group,” and 24 subjects with PBL or PTD for <1 s into the “late group.” In both groups, the sequence of the structural movements did not change. The early group showed significant correlation between the fluid transition and structural movements; both LE and HE were initiated when the bolus passed the mandibular angle, and the ER was initiated when the bolus reached the vallecula.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a characteristic pattern of hyolaryngeal structural movements in normal swallowing. The results may serve as a basis for classifying and analyzing aspiration patterns in patients with dysphagia.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:2129–2133, 2015
Do the angle and length of the eustachian tube influence the development of chronic otitis media?
Authors: Dinç Aykut Erdem , Damar Murat , Uğur Mehmet Birol , Öz Ibrahim Ilker , Eliçora Sultan Şevik , Bişkin Sultan , Tutar Hakan 
Published: March 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare the eustachian tube (ET) angle (ETa) and length (ETl) of ears with and without chronic otitis media (COM), and to determine the relationship between ET anatomy and the development of COM.Study DesignA retrospective case‐control study.MethodsThe study group comprised 125 patients (age range, 8–79 years; 64 males and 61 females) with 124 normal ears and 126 diseased ears, including ears with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with central perforation, intratympanic tympanosclerosis (ITTS), cholesteatoma, and a tympanic membrane with retraction pockets (TMRP). ET angle and length were measured using computed tomography employing the multiplanar reconstruction technique.ResultsThe ETa was significantly more horizontal in diseased versus normal ears of all study groups (P = .030), and there was no group difference in ETl (P = .160). ETl was shorter in CSOM versus ITTS ears and normal ears (P = .007 and P = .003, respectively) and in cholesteatoma versus TMRP ears (P = .014). In the unilateral COM group, there were no significant differences in the ETa or ETl of diseased versus contralateral normal ears (P = .155 and P = .710, respectively). The ETa was significantly more horizontal in childhood‐onset diseased versus normal ears (P = .027), and there was no group difference in ETl (P = .732). The ETa (P = .002) and ETl (P < .001) were significantly greater in males than females.ConclusionsA more horizontal ETa and shorter ETl could be contributory (though not significantly) etiological factors in the development of COM.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 125:2187–2192, 2015
Diagnostic accuracy of history and physical examination in bacterial acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Autio Timo J. , Koskenkorva Timo , Närkiö Mervi , Leino Tuomo K. , Koivunen Petri , Alho Olli‐Pekka 
Published: March 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms, the symptom progression pattern, and clinical signs in identifying bacterial acute rhinosinusitis (ARS).Study DesignWe conducted an inception cohort study among 50 military recruits with ARS.MethodsWe collected symptoms daily from the onset of symptoms to approximately 10 days. At 9 to 10 days, standardized data on symptoms and physical findings were gathered. A positive culture of maxillary sinus aspirate was considered to be the reference standard for bacterial ARS.ResultsAt 9 to 10 days, the presence or deterioration after 5 days of any of the symptoms could not be used to diagnose bacterial ARS. Toothache had an adequate positive likelihood ratio (positive likelihood ratio [LR+] 4.4) but was too rare to be used for screening. In contrast, several physical findings at 9 to 10 days were of more diagnostic use and frequent enough for screening. Moderate or profuse (vs. none/minimal) amount of secretion in nasal passage seen in anterior rhinoscopy satisfactorily either ruled in, if present (LR+ 3.2), or ruled out, if absent (negative likelihood ratio 0.2), bacterial ARS. If any secretion was seen in the posterior pharynx or middle meatus, the probability of bacterial ARS increased markedly (LR+ 5.3 and LR+ 11.0, respectively).ConclusionWe found symptoms or their change to be of little use in identifying bacterial ARS. In contrast, we observed several clinical findings after 9 to 10 days of symptoms to predict bacterial ARS quite accurately.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1541–1546, 2015
EXECUTIVE CONNECTIONS: HOW RELATIONSHIPS AT THE TOP SHAPE AN ORGANIZATION’S PERFORMANCE
Authors: Carucci Ron A. , Hansen Eric C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAs executives rise to positions of power within organizations, the quality of their interpersonal relationships becomes crucial, in the view of Carucci and Hansen. The higher you rise, the more distortions tend to set in. Moreover, you look more distorted to the world. Consider that your reputation matters more and more, and yet it becomes increasingly vulnerable. While you can't control everything, “if you are not deliberate about shaping what others see and how people experience you, chances are the image they form will be one that you do not want.” A leader also embodies his or her own entity, so, for instance; “if you are the head of marketing, you are marketing.”
Genetic risk and age in Parkinson's disease: Continuum not stratum
Authors: Nalls Mike A. , Escott‐Price Valentina , Williams Nigel M. , Lubbe Steven , Keller Margaux F. , Morris Huw R. , Singleton Andrew B. ,   on behalf of the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecent genomewide association study meta‐analyses have identified 28 loci associated with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). We sought to investigate whether these genetic risk factors are associated with PD age at onset.MethodsGenetic risk scores from these loci were calculated for 6,249 cases. Linear regression tested associations between cumulative genetic risk and PD age at onset.ResultsIncreasing genetic risk scores were associated with earlier age at onset (beta = –0.10, P = 2.92 × 10−8, adjusted r2 = 0.27). Single standard deviation increase in genetic risk score is associated with 37.44 d earlier age at onset. Highest genetic risk was found at 31 to 60 y, onset slightly below average age at onset (AAO).ConclusionsCommon genetic risk factors have a small but consistent association with AAO in PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Manganese transport disorder: Novel SLC30A10 mutations and early phenotypes
Authors: Quadri Marialuisa , Kamate Mahesh , Sharma Suvasini , Olgiati Simone , Graafland Josja , Breedveld Guido J. , Kori Indu , Hattiholi Virupaxi , Jain Puneet , Aneja Satinder , Kumar Atin , Gulati Parveen , Goel Medha , Talukdar Bibek , Bonifati Vincenzo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundSLC30A10 mutations cause an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by hypermanganesaemia, polycythemia, early‐onset dystonia, paraparesis, or late‐onset parkinsonism, and chronic liver disease. This is the first identified inborn error of Mn metabolism in humans, reported in 10 families thus far.MethodsMethods for this study consisted of clinical examination, neuroimaging studies (MRI), serum dosages, and SLC30A10 genetic analysis.ResultsWe describe early disease manifestations (including videos) in 5 previously unreported Indian children, carrying novel homozygous SLC30A10 mutations. Gait and speech disturbances, falls, dystonias, and central hypotonia were the presenting neurological features, starting within the first 5 years of life. All children also had severe hypermanganesemia, polycythemia, variable degree of liver disease, and marked brain MRI T1 hyperintensities.ConclusionsOur findings expand the mutational and clinical spectra of this recently recognized disorder. An early diagnosis is warranted, because treatment with manganese‐chelating agents, iron supplementation, or their combination might improve symptoms and prevent progression of this otherwise potentially fatal disease. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A dual domain decomposition method for finite element digital image correlation
Authors: Passieux J.‐C. , Périé J.‐N. , Salaün M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe computational burden associated to finite element based digital image correlation methods is mostly due to the inversion of finite element systems and to image interpolations. A non‐overlapping dual domain decomposition method is here proposed to rationalise the computational cost of high resolution finite element digital image correlation measurements when dealing with large images. It consists in splitting the global mesh into submeshes and the reference and deformed states images into subset images. Classic finite element digital image correlation formulations are first written in each subdomain independently. The displacement continuity at the interfaces is enforced by introducing a set of Lagrange multipliers. The problem is then condensed on the interface and solved by a conjugate gradient algorithm. Three different preconditioners are proposed to accelerate its convergence. The proposed domain decomposition method is here exemplified with real high resolution images. It is shown to combine the metrological performances of finite element based digital image correlation and the parallelisation ability of subset based methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acceleration of material‐dominated calculations via phase‐space simplicial subdivision and interpolation
Authors: Klusemann B. , Ortiz M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe develop an acceleration method for material‐dominated calculations based on phase‐space simplicial interpolation of the relevant material‐response functions. This process of interpolation constitutes an approximation scheme by which an exact material‐response function is replaced by a sequence of approximating response functions. The terms in the sequence are increasingly accurate, thus ensuring the convergence of the overall solution. The acceleration ratio depends on the dimensionality, the complexity of the deformation, the time‐step size, and the fineness of the phase‐space interpolation. We ascertain these trade‐offs analytically and by recourse to selected numerical tests. The numerical examples with piecewise‐quadratic interpolation in phase space confirm the analytical estimates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvements in Functional Exercise Capacity after a Residential Behavioural Change, Diet and Fitness Program for Obese Adults
Authors: Errickson Sadye Paez , Kolotkin Ronette L. , Skidmore Megan Simmons , Endress Gerald , Østbye Truls , Crosby Ross , Eisenson Howard 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and purposeObese adults are at an increased risk for mobility‐related problems. National guidelines recommend calorie restrictions and exercise for obese adults as a means to improve functional fitness capacity and to increase mobility. Yet, lifestyle weight loss interventions often fail to measure fitness changes. The aim of this study was to assess whether a 1‐month, intensive behavioural change, diet and fitness intervention for overweight and obese adults would result in statistically significant and clinically meaningful changes in functional exercise.MethodsA pre–post test design was used in this study. Seventy‐two participants (40 women, 32 men; mean baseline body mass index (BMI) = 42.6 + 9.0; mean age = 45.8 + 16.8) completed a modified 6‐minute walk test (6MWT), performed on a treadmill, at baseline and at end of treatment.ResultsSignificant improvements included decreased BMI (2.7 + 1.7 kg m−2, p < 0.001) and increased 6MWT distance (66.4 + 73.0 m, p < 0.001). The 6MWT improved by 66 m on average, a reported clinically meaningful difference. Greater improvements in the 6MWT were significantly correlated with greater weight loss and BMI reduction.DiscussionOur findings suggest that rehabilitation beyond weight loss may be derived from participation in a brief, intensive behavioural change, diet and fitness programme. Physiotherapists are in a prime position to address the physical and motivational challenges participants face while living with severe obesity: targeting functional exercise capacity is one key strategy for addressing immobility associated with obesity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Walking Distance as a Predictor of Falls in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Nilsagård Ylva , Westerdahl Elisabeth , Wittrin Anna , Gunnarsson Martin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and PurposePeople with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience falls, usually when walking and transferring. The aim was to investigate if walking distance and patient overestimate of walking distance are predictors of falls in PwMS.MethodsA prospective study was conducted, with a single test occasion followed by prospective registration of falls for 3 months. All PwMS in Region Örebro County with a previously registered Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 3.0 and 7.0 in the Swedish MS Registry were invited to participate (n = 149). Altogether, data from 49 PwMS being relapse free for at least 3 months and with a confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale between 1.5 and 7.0 upon study entry were analysed.ResultsTwenty‐two PwMS (45%) fell during the study period, providing information of 66 falls. Walking distance or overestimate of one's walking distance, as compared with test results, did not predict falls in this MS sample.DiscussionWalking and standing activities are associated with numerous falls in PwMS. Our data do not clearly support routine measurements of walking distance in assessing individual fall risk. © 2015 The Authors. Physiotherapy Research International published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glyphosate resistance in Echinochloa colona: phenotypic characterisation and quantification of selection intensity
Authors: Goh Sou Sheng , Vila‐Aiub Martin M , Busi Roberto , Powles Stephen B 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDA population of Echinochloa colona infesting agricultural fields in the northern region of Western Australia evolved glyphosate resistance after 10 years of glyphosate selection. This study identified two phenotypic (susceptible S versus resistant R) lines from within a segregating glyphosate‐resistant population. Estimation of survival, growth and reproductive rates of the phenotypes in response to glyphosate selection helped to characterise the level of resistance, fitness and the selection intensity for glyphosate in this species.RESULTSEstimations of LD50 (lethal dose) and GR50 (growth rate) showed an eightfold glyphosate resistance in this population. The resistant index based on the estimation of seed number (SYn50) showed a 13‐fold resistance. As a result of linear combination of plant survival and fecundity rates, plant fitness values of 0.2 and 0.8 were estimated for the S and R phenotypes when exposed to the low dose of 270 g glyphosate ha−1. At the recommended dose of 540 g glyphosate ha−1, fitness significantly decreased (fivefold) in S plants but remained markedly similar (0.7) in plants of the R phenotype. Thus, the calculated selection intensity (SI) at 540 g glyphosate ha−1 was much greater (SI = 17) than at 270 g glyphosate ha−1 (SI = 4).CONCLUSIONSThe assessment of plant survival and fecundity in response to glyphosate selection in the S and R phenotypes allowed a greater accuracy in the estimation of population fitness of both phenotypes and thus of glyphosate selection intensity in E. colona. The estimation of seed number or mass of phenotypes under herbicide selection is a true ecological measure of resistance with implications for herbicide resistance evolution. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical application of a vascular interventional robot in cerebral angiography
Authors: Lu Wang‐sheng , Xu Wu‐yi , Pan Feng , Liu Da , Tian Zeng‐min , Zeng Yanjun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death for people, and endovascular surgery has become the main therapeutic method. Robot technology would overcome some limitations of conventional surgery, and has good prospects.MethodsA total of 15 patients received cerebral angiography assisted by a vascular interventional robot following preoperative examination, with approval from the hospital ethics committee and informed consent by the patients' families.ResultsRobot‐assisted angiography was performed quickly and smoothly without surgical complications. The remote positioning accuracy was 1.05 ± 0.28 mm. The time staff were exposed to the digital subtraction angiography (DSA) machine was 0 min. The entire experimental process was mechanized and automated.ConclusionThis system achieved the preliminary purposes, including a reduction in radiation for the surgeons, facilitation of the application of interventional procedures, a decrease in operation time, and an improvement in operation quality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative microleakage analysis of root canal filling materials in single‐rooted canals
Authors: Kim Sin‐Young , Kim Kyung‐Jae , Yi Young‐Ah , Seo Deog‐Gyu 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to analyze the sealing ability of different root canal filling materials over a 6‐week period using a glucose penetration model. Forty‐six recently extracted human premolars were used in this study. The root canals were enlarged to 40/0.06. Prepared canals were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10) as follows: Group 1, Gutta‐Percha (GP)/AH Plus with cold lateral compaction; Group 2, GP/AH Plus with continuous wave compaction; Group 3, RealSeal SE obturation system; and Group 4, OrthoMTA. The remaining specimens were used as positive and negative controls, and all specimens underwent thermocycling (10,000; 5–55 °C). The sealing ability of all samples was evaluated at 24 h, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks using a quantitative glucose leakage model, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken. A mixed effect analysis using R statistical language was performed. Groups 1, 2, and 4 showed low leakage levels during experimental periods. Group 3 showed low leakage levels for the first 2 weeks; however, the leakage level was significantly increased after 2 weeks compared to negative control group (p < 0.05). In the SEM results, Group 3 showed imperfect dentin bonding, whereas Group 4 showed calcium silicate hydrate short tags, which are formed at the access of the dentin tubules. GP/AH Plus and OrthoMTA showed less microleakage than RealSeal SE obturation system when used as root canal filling materials. Traditional GP/AH Plus sealer and the newly developed OrthoMTA are more appropriate for ideal sealing of the root canals. SCANNING 37:237–245, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Avian cognition: examples of sophisticated capabilities in space and song
Authors: McMillan Neil , Hahn Allison H. , Spetch Marcia L. , Sturdy Christopher B. 
Published: March 2015

Although birds have traditionally and colloquially been considered less cognitively complex than mammals, and especially primates, more recent research has consistently refuted these assumptions. We argue that the impressive abilities of birds to navigate and communicate require considerable information‐processing capabilities. These capacities include collecting, organizing, and selecting from a wide variety of navigational cues to orient toward and find a goal location in the spatial domain, and utilizing open‐ended categorization and possibly even abstract reasoning to discriminate species‐specific acoustic features of songs and calls. Furthermore, these abilities may be present across many avian species, providing evidence for domain‐general cognitive facilities. We provide examples of processes in spatial learning and communication in birds, and locate them within the general literature, as evidence that the term ‘bird‐brain’ should not be considered a pejorative. WIREs Cogn Sci 2015, 6:285–297. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1346This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Synthesis and Surface Properties of Disodium Monoalkyl Diphenyl Oxide Disulfonate
Authors: Huo Jing , Liu Xiaochen , Niu Jinping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDisodium monoalkyl diphenyl oxide disulfonates (MADS) with different carbon chains (Cn‐MADS, n = 8, 12, 16) were synthesized through the steps of alkylation‐sulfonation‐neutralization using fatty alcohols (C8, C12, C16), diphenyl oxide and fuming sulfuric acid (20 % free SO3) as reagents. The structures of the products were identified by infrared spectroscopy and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry. The surface properties, emulsification, wettability alteration and salinity and hardness tolerance of the products were systematically investigated. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of C8MADS, C12MADS and C16MADS are 7.24 × 10−3, 1.49 × 10−3 and 2.09 × 10−4 mol/L. The surface tensions at the CMC (γCMC) of each product are 37.5, 38.9 and 46.8 mN/m. The negative logarithm of the surfactant concentration in the bulk phase required to produce a 20 mN/m reduction in the surface tension of the solvent (pC20) increases with the increase in the alkyl chain length. The emulsifying ability of C12‐MADS is better than C8‐MADS and C16‐MADS, and the MADS showed less oil‐wet nature. The salinity and hardness tolerance of MADS is much stronger than that of conventional surfactants.
Zebrafish mutants of the neuromuscular junction: swimming in the gene pool
Authors: Daikoku Eriko , Saito Masahisa , Ono Fumihito 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This review provides an overview of zebrafish mutants with dysfunctional acetylcholine receptors or related proteins at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The NMJ, which has served as the classical model of the chemical synapse, uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter, and mutations of proteins involved in the signaling cascade lead to a variety of behavioral phenotypes. Mutants isolated after random chemical mutagenesis screening are summarized, and advances in the field resulting from these mutants are discussed.