bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productive Ascites Growth of Heterohybridomas between Epstein‐Barr Virus‐Transformed Human B Cells and Murine P3×63Ag8.653 Myeloma Cells
Authors: Matsumoto Mitsuru , Mochizuki Kenichi , Kobayashi Yuzuru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHeterohybridomas between Epstein‐Barr virus‐transformed human B cells and murine myeloma P3×63Ag8.653 cells were found to produce sizable quantities of human monoclonal antibodies in nude mouse ascites. Mice injected intraperitoneally with two of such heterohybridomas yielded several milliliters of ascites fluid which contained nearly 100‐fold higher anti‐platelet activities than those in routine culture supernatants.
Monoclonal Antibodies against the Surface Antigens of Shigella flexneri Serotype 1b and Shigella dysenteriae Serotype 1
Authors: Suzuki Kumiko , Takeda Tae 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies against the surface antigens of Shigella flexneri 1b and S. dysenteriae 1 were prepared. The specificities of the antibodies were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative agglutination using microtiter plate. Monoclonal antibodies against S. flexneri 1b, designated Sf2B2 and Sf2G4, belonged to IgG2a and IgG1 subclass, respectively. The former was specific for S. flexneri 1b, whereas the latter was reactive not only to S. flexneri 1b, but also weakly to 3a and 4b. Monoclonal antibody against S. dysenteriae 1, Sd5E1 (IgM), reacted with S. dysenteriae 1, 3, 6, 7, and S. boydii 2.
Replication of Measles Virus in Vero Cells at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Ogura Hisashi , Nakamura Shinichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn one‐step growth experiment of measles virus (MV) in Vero cells at 39 C, the appearance of MV infectivity was delayed for 24 hr and the maximum titer was reduced by approximately 1,000‐fold, when compared with those at 35 C. MV infectivity was thermolabile at the high temperature. Penetration was rather enhanced at 39 C. By Northern blot hybridization, viral RNAs including 50S genome‐sized RNA and mRNAs were first detectable 24 hr post‐infection (PI) at 35 C and 36 hr PI at 39 C, respectively. Rapid degradation of viral mRNAs was not observed in the infected cells at 39 C. The synthesis of N, F, and M proteins was relatively reduced at the high temperature and appearance of the other viral protein was delayed, in agreement with the time course of viral RNA synthesis. All these data suggest that less efficient synthesis of viral RNA, restriction of synthesis of N, F, and M proteins at translational level and thermolability of infectivity are all involved in the suppressed MV production in Vero cells at 39 C.
Cooperation between Humoral Factor(s) and Lyt‐2+ T Cells in Effective Clearance of Sendai Virus from Infected Mouse Lungs
Authors: Iwai Hiroshi , Yamamoto Shigeki , Otsuka Yuko , Ueda Katsumoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of cooperation between the L3T4+ and Lyt‐2+ T cell subsets in effective clearance of Sendai virus from infected mouse lungs was studied by adoptive cell transfer using nude mice. Simultaneous transfer of a long‐term‐cultured Sendai virus‐specific L3T4+ T cell line with L3T4+ cell‐depleted immune spleen cell (L3T4−) fraction to infected nude mice could result in viral clearance, although single injection with either of these cells was not effective. Instead of the L3T4+ T cells, culture supernatants of the L3T4+ T cell line or concanavalin A‐stimulated mouse spleen cells and mouse serum immunized with the virus were also active in the cooperative viral clearance with L3T4− fraction. The role of the Sendai virus‐sensitized L3T4− cell fraction in cooperative viral clearance with humoral factors could be replaced by neither T cell‐deprived immune spleen cell fraction nor normal spleen cells. The 1,500 units of recombinant mouse interleukin 2 (IL‐2), which was more than 12 times the IL‐2 activity present in the supernatants of the T cell line or concanavalin A‐stimulated spleen cells, failed to clear the virus in combination with the L3T4− fraction. Monoclonal antibodies to Sendai or mouse hepatitis viruses were also effective in the cooperative antiviral activity. IL‐2 activity was not detected in these monoclonal antibodies and the mouse immune serum. Single injection of any humoral factors failed to clear the virus. These results indicate that Sendai virus‐sensitized Lyt‐2+ subset of T cells acts cooperatively with humoral factor(s) other than IL‐2 or Sendai virus‐specific antibody present in supernatants of the T cell line, of concanavalin A‐stimulated spleen cells or hybridomas, and in mouse serum immunized with the virus.
Studies on B‐Cell Memory
Authors: Hosokawa Tomohide , Aoike Akira , Hosono Masamichi , Motoi Shigehiro , Kawai Keiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEffects of LPS on primary and secondary antibody responses to typical TI‐2 antigens were investigated in mice. Simultaneous injection of LPS with a TI‐2 antigen showed only little adjuvant effect on the following primary antibody response to the antigen. In contrast, either a single or multiple injections of LPS, prior to the immunization with a TI‐2 antigen, significantly augmented the following primary antibody response to the antigen. LPS, however, inhibited the development of B‐cell memory to a TI‐2 antigen when administered together with the antigen. Moreover, an injection of LPS in mice, which had strong IgM and IgG B‐cell memories to a TI‐2 antigen, caused disappearance or profound reduction of the memories. The results suggest that LPS produced by gram‐negative bacteria exerts inhibitory effects on the development and continuation of B‐cell memory to bacterial infections.
Antigenic Analysis between BCG and Tumor Cells by BCG‐Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Sasaki Jin‐Ichi , Kitagawa Masahiko , Tamagake Takuma , Narita Satoshi , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul , Lu Changlong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAntigenic relation between Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG and experimental animal tumor cells was analyzed with BCG monoclonal antibodies (BCG‐MoAbs). Four BCG‐MoAbs of 602, 603, 609, and 612 were successfully established and applied for the antigenic analysis of Meth A, RL ♂ 1, colon tumor 26 of mouse, and line 10 of guinea pig tumor. MoAb 602 showed broad reactivity against all types of tumor cells. BCG antigen(s) was clearly recognized as small granules on the tumor cell surface under the fluorescence microscope, indicating that the animal tumor cells shared the common antigen(s) with BCG.
Suppressive Effect of Interferon‐β‐Activated Natural Killer Cells on Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced B Cell Differentiation of MRL/Mp‐1pr/1pr Mice
Authors: Arai Sumio , Kasho Tadahiro , Tomita Yuko , Munakata Tetsuo , Inoue Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Teinosuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe suppressive effects of mouse recombinant interferon‐β (IFN‐β) on B cell differentiation of MRL/Mp‐1pr/1pr (MRL/1) mouse, a model of autoimmune diseases, and C3H/H2 mice, a normal situation, were investigated. Spleen mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the suppressive effect of IFN‐β was examined on differentiation of B cells to plaque‐forming cells (PFCs) by highly sensitive reversed hemolytic plaque assay. IFN‐β (5,000–10,000 units/ml) suppressed more than 50% of PFCs of both MRL/1 and C3H/H2 mice. This suppressive activity as well as the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells enhanced by IFN‐β was abrogated by treatment of the spleen cells with anti‐asialo GM1 antibody in the presence of complement. This suppressive activity was also abrogated by intravenous administration of 20 μl/mouse of anti‐asialo GM1 12 hr before cultivation of spleen cells. These results suggest that NK cells activated by IFN might be responsible for the immunoregulation in autoimmune diseases.
Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in Brazilian and Japanese Populations in the North‐East of Brazil
Authors: Linhares Maria Ieda Siqueira , De Andrade Gildete Patriota , Tateno Seiki , Eizuru Yoshito , Minamishima Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe serological status to cytomegalovirus (CMV) was examined for 616 Brazilians and 399 Japanese immigrants living in the North‐East of Brazil. The sera were screened for IgG antibodies to CMV by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of CMV antibodies was higher in the Japanese population (83.7%) than in the Brazilian population (69.8%). The seropositivity was analyzed by factors of age, sex, ethnic background, and socioeconomic status. Mother‐baby contact seems to be a factor of significance in the seroepidemiology of CMV infection.
Location on the Chromosome of the lac Gene in a Lactose‐Fermenting Salmonella litchfield Strain
Authors: Hamada Kokichi , Nakayama Yasunori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present conclusive evidence for the chromosomal location of the lac gene in a lactose‐fermenting Salmonella litchfield strain (AO Lac+). Two Hfr strains constructed from AO Lac+ had abilities to transfer the lac gene to S. typhimurium LT2 at relatively high frequencies. Detailed characterization of the transconjugants suggested that the lac in AO Lac+ was located on the host chromosome between galE (18 min) and trpB (34 min). Transduction experiments using P22 phage showed that the lac was cotransduced with gal, but not with trpB. These results clearly indicate that the lac gene is located at a position near 18 min of the linkage map of Salmonella.
Improved Methods for Detection and Serotyping of Coagulase from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hwang Soo Myung , Seki Keiko , Sakurada Junji , Ogasawara Masami , Murai Miyo , Ohmayu Suzuko , Kurosaka Kosei , Masuda Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractImproved methods for detection and serotyping of staphylocoagulase were concomitantly devised. We devised an improved method for detection of coagulase activity on agarose film in the same manner as single radial immunodiffusion. The amounts of reagents required for detection of coagulase on agarose film were successfully diminished by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the original formula described by Boothby et al. Using microplates in another improved method for coagulase serotyping, the amount of reaction fluid required was considerably less compared with the conventional tube method. PEG was found to be also effective to increase the efficacy of coagulase serotyping. In the presence or absence of anti‐coagulase antisera, culture supernatants of staphylococcal strain grown in brain heart infusion broth were incubated with the reaction fluid containing bovine fibrinogen, rabbit plasma, 6‐amino caproic acid, polyethylene glycol 6,000. Coagulase activity was visualized as a turbid mass formed in the wells. Turbid mass formation due to coagulase activity was type‐specifically inhibited in the presence of type‐specific antisera. Detailed procedures of the methods are precisely described with some preliminary results obtained by the methods.
Purification and Characterization of Streptococcal Erythrogenic Toxin Type A Produced by Streptococcus pyogenes Strain NY‐5 Cultured in the Synthetic Medium NCTC‐135. Comparison with the Dialyzed Medium (TP Medium)‐Derived Toxin
Authors: Kamezawa Yukio , Nakahara Takako 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStreptococcal erythrogenic toxin type A (ET‐A) was purified from culture filtrate of Streptococcus pyogenes strain NY‐5 grown in a chemically defined synthetic medium NCTC‐135. We succeeded in simplifying the purification procedure, and obtained a highly purified preparation of ET‐A. The purification procedure was the combination of ultrafiltration with Amicon PM‐10 and YM‐10 membranes, chromatofocusing with PBE‐94 exchanger (pH 4.0–6.0), and gel filtration through Sephacryl S‐200. The purified toxin protein showed a single band with Mr 28,000 on SDS‐PAGE and had pI 5.2 on agarose IEF. HPLC chromatography pattern of the toxin revealed one symmetric peak. The result of amino acid analysis of the toxin was in accordance with that of Gerlach et al and with Weeks and Ferretti who reported the nucleotide sequence of the spe A gene. Biological activities of the purified toxin were remarkably potent. The mitogenic activity for rabbit lymphocytes and one skin test dose in rabbit were found at the lower dose of 10 pg and 1 ng of the toxin, respectively.
Interleukin 1 Regulation of Interleukin 2 and Interferon‐γ Gene Activation in a Human Leukemic HSB.2 Subclone
Authors: Kasahara Tadashi , Yagisawa Hitoshi , Mukaida Naofumi , Matsumura Haruo , Imai Mitsunobu , Shioiri‐Nakano Kohei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe role of interleukin 1 (IL1) in causing IL2 and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) production and their associated gene activation has been studied in a human leukemic HSB.2 subclone. One of the subclones, HSB.2‐C5B2 clone #28, which produced only low levels of IL2 and IFN‐γ when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or with a combination of phorbolmyristate‐acetate (PMA) and Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, showed marked IL2 and IFN‐γ production in the presence of IL1. The augmentation by IL1 was observed in both dot and Northern blot analysis, indicating that IL1 regulates lymphokine genes at the pretranslational level. The kinetics of IL2 and IFN‐γ production were essentially similar for both lymphokines except that there was a faster accumulation of IFN‐γ mRNA than IL2 mRNA. In contrast to the IL2 and IFN‐γ gene activation, IL2 receptor (Tac/p55 antigen) expression was induced directly by IL1 itself as with PMA in this subclone. In these studies, IL1 action was not replaced by the drugs raising intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). Taken collectively, these experiments support the notion that IL1 does not trigger IL2 gene activation per se, but amplifies the preactivated lymphokine genes initiated by PMA and ionomycin, whereas IL1 can activate the IL2 receptor gene without any other known signal requirements.
Purification and Characterization of the CS2 Pili of Colonization Factor Antigen II Produced by Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Honda Takeshi , Cakir Nedim , Arita Michiko , Miwatani Toshio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA subtype (CS2) of the colonization factor antigen II (CFA/II) of human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was studied. Analysis revealed that CS2‐possessing ETEC was predominant among isolates from traveller's diarrhea at Osaka, Japan. TH61 pili produced by a clinical strain (TH61) were purified as a native form to homogeneity by zone electrophoresis and successive column chromatographies on Sepharose 4B and Phenyl‐Sepharose CL‐4B. It was demonstrated by immunogold staining technique and bacterial agglutination test that antisera against the purified pili of strain TH61 recognized pili of both strain TH61 and strain #C91f, a control strain possessing only CS2 pili. This suggests that TH61 pili purified in this study are CS2 pili. Subunit (pilin) of the purified pili has a molecular weight of about 16,000. Strains bearing CS2 could attach to human jejunal epithelial cells, and this attachment was inhibited by pretreating the enterocytes with purified pili. These indicate that CS2 pili are a factor responsible for attachment of ETEC bearing CS2 to human intestinal cells.
Transcription Mapping of Glycoprotein I (gpI) and gpIV of Varicella‐Zoster Virus and Immunological Analysis of the gpI Produced in Cells Infected with the Recombinant Vaccinia Virus
Authors: Kato Tamako , Kitamura Kenichi , Hayakawa Yasuhiko , Takahashi Michiaki , Kojima Asato , Sato Shigeo , Yamanishi Koichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to determine the transcripts of gpI and gpIV of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), RNA was isolated from human embryonic fibroblast cells infected with VZV and Northern blot analysis was carried out using cloned DNA probes of unique short region including gpI and gpIV genes. The analysis of RNA revealed two discrete transcripts of 3.6 and 2.15 kilobases (kb) and three transcripts of 3.6, 2.9, and 1.6 kb which hybridized to DNA probes covering the gpI and gpIV region, respectively. Next, mRNAs were hybrid‐selected, translated in vitro and the polypeptide products were immunoprecipitated with antibodies against these glycoproteins. The polypeptides with a molecular weight of 70,000 (70K) and 37K which were in vitro translational products of mRNA hybrid‐selected with the DNA clone covering gpI and gpIV were detected using antibodies against gpI and gpIV, respectively. The result showed that the 70K polypeptide is presumably the translational product of 2.15 kb mRNA and the 37K polypeptide is that of 1.6 kb mRNA. DNA fragment encoding gpI or gpIV was inserted into vaccinia virus DNA and the recombinant viruses, mO74 (gpI) and mO39 (gpIV), were used for immunological analysis. In consequence, the gpI derived from cells infected with mO74 showed antigenic characteristics similar to those of gpI from VZV‐infected cells as determined from the immunoprecipitation pattern, although the molecular weight of each polypeptide was different, and antibody produced in rabbits infected with recombinant virus had a high neutralizing activity, when the reaction was performed with complement. This suggested that gpI plays an important role for protection and recovery from VZV infection.
Human Parvovirus (HPV/B19) Infection with Purpura
Authors: Shiraishi Hiroyuki , Umetsu Koji , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Hatakeyama Yoshio , Yaegashi Nobuo , Sugamura Kazuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA 33‐year‐old man complained of purpura (petechial hemorrhage) in chelidons, poples, axillae, and bilateral chest in addition to other symptoms such as lumbago, arthralgia, muscular pain, and fever. On the next day of the onset, human parvovirus (HPV/B19) antigen and HPV/B19 DNA were detected in his serum, and twelve days later IgM antibody to HPV/B19 became detectable. This case supports the relationship between purpura and HPV/B19 infection.
Bindings of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin‐1 and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins A, B, and C to Rabbit Spleen Cells
Authors: Fujikawa Hiroshi , Takayama Hiroo , Uchiyama Takehiko , Igarashi Hideo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractToxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 (TSST‐1) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A, B, and C were studied on binding to rabbit spleen cells. The toxins showed remarkable mitogenic effects on the cells. Among them, SEA and TSST‐1 had much stronger mitogenic activities than SEB and SEC. Binding study showed that labeled TSST‐1 and SEA bound considerably to cells, but that labeled SEB or SEC was not observed to bind at a detectable level under the same conditions as TSST‐1 and SEA. Competitive binding analysis between toxins to cells proved that TSST‐1 and SEA clearly competed with each other in binding. Scatchard plots for TSST‐1 and SEA in binding were linear at the doses used. The Scatchard analysis for TSST‐1 and SEA gave a dissociation constant of 2.5 × 10−9 m and 7.6 × 10−8 m and the number of binding sites per cell of 5.3 × 103 and 1.0 × 105, respectively.
Characterization of Clq Found in a Patient with Hypocomplementemic Vasculitis‐Urticaria Syndrome
Authors: Sasaki Takako , Yonemasu Kunio , Matsumoto Misako , Nagaki Kazuyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractClq, a subcomponent of the first complement component, of a 60‐year‐old female patient with hypocomplementemic vasculitis‐urticaria syndrome (HVUS) was characterized. The Clq‐precipitin activity (Clq‐p) could not be detected by a routine method with 0.6% agarose in 10 mm Na‐phosphate buffer containing 10 mm EDTA (pH 7.2). Hemolytic activity of her serum complement (CH50) and levels of C1 and C4 were significantly reduced at the exacerbation stage, but levels of other complement components were almost within the normal range throughout her clinical course. The specific activity of Clq at her exacerbation stage was significantly low, and its elution position on Sephacryl S‐300 column was spread toward the low molecular weight in comparison with that of normal plasma. Molecular weights of the delayed fraction of Clq were estimated to be approximately 300,000 on the Sephacryl and 440,000 by the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) followed by immunoblotting, respectively. On reduction of her plasma, two bands with molecular weights equivalent to those of B and C chains of the normal Clq in an approximate molar ratio of 2: 1 were immunostained. Plasma at her exacerbation stage showed only one precipitation line against anti‐human Clq‐antiserum which was completely fused with that formed between purified normal human Clq and the same antiserum. The probable structural change of the hypofunctional Clq in the case of this HVUS is discussed.
Route‐Related Variation in the Immunogenicity of Killed Salmonella enteritidis Vaccine: Role of Antigen Presenting Cells
Authors: George Anna , Shroff Khushroo E. , Rath Satyajit , Ghosh Soma Nath , Sengupta Satya Ranjan , Kamat Ramesh S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to assess the role of the route of immunization on the immunogenicity of killed Salmonella vaccine, mice were immunized with killed S. enteritidis by intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intradermal (i.d.) routes. Whereas the former was non‐immunogenic, the i.d. immunization generated an excellent delayed‐type hypersensitivity response; further, i.p. immunization could even suppress the subsequent i.d. immunization. Since the peritoneal macrophages (MO) are known to be particularly low in Ia or MHC‐class II antigens, so essential for antigen presentation, the non‐immunogenicity by i.p. route was thought to be due to their poor presentation efficiency. Poly I: poly C, an interferon inducer, is known to enhance the MHC‐class II expression; hence effect of poly I: poly C treatment on the immunogenicity of the killed vaccine by i.p. route was tested and indeed the non‐immunogenicity was corrected. Poor efficiency of presentation of S. enteritidis antigen by peritoneal cells and its improvement by prior poly I: poly C treatment was further confirmed by in vitro lymphocyte transformation test using primed T cells and peritoneal cells from normal and poly I: poly C treated mice. Poly I: poly C treatment also enhanced expression of Ia antigens on peritoneal cells.
Purification and Characterization of a T Lymphocyte‐Derived Differentiation‐Inducing Factor for Human Promyelocytic Cell Line (HL‐60) and Its Relationship to Lymphotoxin
Authors: Shimizu Yukitoshi , Nakamura Takehiko , Niki Tamotsu , Hemmi Hiromichi , Sugamura Kazuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐I)‐transformed T lymphocyte cell line MT‐2 constitutively produces differentiation‐inducing factor (DIF) for the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL‐60. Purification and characterization of DIF derived from MT‐2 were performed here to identify T cell‐derived DIF. DIF was purified from conditioned medium of the MT‐2 cell culture with serum‐free medium by utilizing the sequential chromatographies of anion‐exchange (mono‐Q) column, gel filtration (superose‐12) column, and hydrophobic (phenyl 5PW) column and finally the sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). In the SDS‐PAGE, one major band with a molecular weight of 56,000 and one minor band with 15,000 were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and both showed DIF activity after extraction from gels. DIF had an isoelectric point of 5.8. In all purification steps, DIF activity for HL‐60 and cytotoxic activity to the sublines of mouse L‐929 were not able to be separated. Further, DIF was neutralized by antibody against lymphotoxin (LT) but not by antibody against tumor necrosis factor. These results indicate that the major DIF activity derived from MT‐2 is LT.