bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemistry and Biological Activities of Tanacetum chiliophyllum var. oligocephalum Extracts
Authors: Polatoğlu Kaan , Karakoç Ömer Cem , Demirci Fatih , Gökçe Ayhan , Gören Nezhun 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Tanacetum chiliophyllum (Fisch. & Mey.) var. oligocephalum (D.C.) Sosn. collected in Turkey was subjected to phytochemical and biological evaluations in this study. Pure compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate extracts of the stems of the plant material. Structures of isolated compounds were determined using spectral methods. Seven known flavones, i.e., 5-hydroxy-3′,4′,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone, eupatilin (6-hydroxyluteolin-6,3′,4′-trimethylether), cirsimaritin (scuttellarin-6,7-dimethylether), cirsilineol, 5–hydroxy-3′,4′,7-trimethoxy flavone, desmethoxy-centaureidin, and jaceosidin and one known triterpene, taraxasterol acetate, were identified from the ethyl acetate extracts. The first seven compounds, as well as the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, were also investigated for their insecticidal, antimicrobial, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH)-scavenging activities. The insecticidal contact toxicity of the extracts were evaluated on Sitophilus granarius. The ethyl acetate (81.8%) and methanol (88.4%) extracts of T. chiliophyllum var. oligocephalum showed high toxicity against this pest. Most promising antimicrobial activity was observed for ethyl acetate extracts of the stems against Bacillus cereus. This extract showed the same inhibition concentration (125 μL/mg) with the positive control chloramphenicol. The ethyl acetate (91.9%) and methanol (93%) extracts of the stems showed significant DPPH-scavenging activity compared with the positive controls α-tocopherol (94.5%) and butylated hydroxytoluene (92.9%) at 10 mg/mL concentration. Among the isolated compounds, the highest DPPH-scavenging activity was observed for jaceosidin at 1 mg/mL concentration (81.5%).
Distribution of Low-Density Lipoprotein and High-Density Lipoprotein Subclasses in Patients With Sarcoidosis
Authors: Vekic Jelena , Zeljkovic Aleksandra , Jelic-Ivanovic Zorana , Spasojevic-Kalimanovska Vesna , Spasic Slavica , Videnovic-Ivanov Jelica , Ivanisevic Jasmina , Vucinic-Mihailovic Violeta , Gojkovic Tamara 
Published: November 2013

Context.—Systemic inflammatory diseases are associated with proatherogenic lipoprotein profile, but there is a lack of information regarding overall distributions of lipoprotein subclasses in sarcoidosis.
Objective.—To investigate whether patients with sarcoidosis have altered distributions of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles.
Design.—Seventy-seven patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis (29 with acute and 48 with chronic sarcoidosis) treated with corticosteroids and 77 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Low-density lipoprotein and HDL subclasses were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis, while inflammatory markers and lipid parameters were measured by standard laboratory methods.
Results.—Compared to controls, patients had fewer LDL I subclasses (P &lt; .001), but more LDL II and III (P &lt; .001) subclasses. This pattern was evident in both acute and chronic disease groups. Patients also had smaller HDL size (P &lt; .001) and higher proportions of HDL 2a (P = .006) and 3a particles (P = .004). Patients with chronic sarcoidosis had smaller LDL size than those with acute disease (P = .02) and higher proportions of HDL 3a subclasses (P = .04) than controls. In acute sarcoidosis, relative proportions of LDL and HDL particles were associated with levels of inflammatory markers, whereas in chronic disease an association with concentrations of serum lipid parameters was found.
Conclusions.—The obtained results demonstrate adverse lipoprotein subfraction profile in sarcoidosis with sustained alterations during disease course. Evaluation of LDL and HDL particles may be helpful in identifying patients with higher cardiovascular risk, at least for prolonged corticosteroid therapy due to chronic disease course.
Inpatient Preanalytic Process Improvements
Authors: Wagar Elizabeth A. , Phipps Ron , Del Guidice Robert , Middleton Lavinia P. , Bingham John , Prejean Cheryl , Johnson-Hamilton Martha , Philip Pheba , Le Ngoc Han , Muses Waheed 
Published: November 2013

Context.—Phlebotomy services are a common target for preanalytic improvements. Many new, quality engineering tools have recently been applied in clinical laboratories. However, data on relatively few projects have been published. This example describes a complete application of current, quality engineering tools to improve preanalytic phlebotomy services.
Objectives.—To decrease the response time in the preanalytic inpatient laboratory by 25%, to reduce the number of incident reports related to preanalytic phlebotomy, and to make systematic process changes that satisfied the stakeholders.
Design.—The Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Services Section, at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston) is responsible for inpatient phlebotomy in a 24-hour operation, which serves 689 inpatient beds. The study director was project director of the Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine's Quality Improvement Section and was assisted by 2 quality technologists and an industrial engineer from MD Anderson Office of Performance Improvement.
Results.—After implementing each solution, using well-recognized, quality tools and metrics, the response time for blood collection decreased by 23%, which was close to meeting the original responsiveness goal of 25%. The response time between collection and arrival in the laboratory decreased by 8%. Applicable laboratory-related incident reports were reduced by 43%.
Conclusions.—Comprehensive application of quality tools, such as statistical control charts, Pareto diagrams, value-stream maps, process failure modes and effects analyses, fishbone diagrams, solution prioritization matrices, and customer satisfaction surveys can significantly improve preset goals for inpatient phlebotomy.
Asymmetries in bidirectional leader development of lightning flashes
Authors: van der Velde Oscar A. , Montanyà Joan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLightning flashes develop as a bidirectional tree, with a negative and a positive end propagating simultaneously into cloud charges of the opposite polarity. In recent years, this process has been modeled assuming that the bidirectional channel remains a zero‐net‐charge perfect conductor starting at the electric potential of its initial location. So far, both leader ends were treated identically. We summarize characteristics of bidirectional leader development of various lightning flashes registered by the Ebro 3‐D Lightning Mapping Array at the east coast of Spain, supplemented by high‐speed camera records. In order to follow the horizontal development of positive and negative leaders over time, a time‐distance‐altitude graph was designed, using the flash origin or a cloud‐to‐ground stroke as reference. The examples confirm that negative and positive leaders propagate at characteristic horizontal speeds (105 and 2 · 104 m s−1). The positive leader's low apparent speed corresponds to the phase when recoil processes are active. Very fast negative leaders (up to 8 · 105 m s−1) are detected in association with positive cloud‐to‐ground strokes. Negative leaders respawn repeatedly from the origin or as a retrograde negative leader at the positive branch. Positive leaders remain propagating throughout the flash or until reaching ground. We show that the velocity difference shifts the potential of the leader, increasing the gradient with cloud charge at the positive end while reducing it at the negative end. The positive section lowers its potential through retrograde negative leaders, eventually making it possible to emit a new negative leader into the upper positive potential well.
Intercomparison of surface energy flux measurement systems used during the HiWATER‐MUSOEXE
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Liu Shaomin , Li Xin , Shi Shengjin , Wang Jiemin , Zhu Zhongli , Xu Tongren , Wang Weizhen , Ma Mingguo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAgreement among instruments is very important for the Multi‐Scale Observation Experiment on Evapotranspiration over heterogeneous land surfaces of The Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER‐MUSOEXE), particularly in regard to radiation and turbulent flux measurements. Before HiWATER‐MUSOEXE was conducted, 20 eddy covariance (EC) system sets, 18 radiometer sets, and seven large aperture scintillometers (LASs) sets were intercompared over the Gobi desert between 14 and 24 May 2012. For radiometers, the four‐component radiation measurements exhibited good agreement—the average root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) for the net radiation were 10.38 W m−2 and 1.24%, respectively. With regard to the EC systems, the best consistency for sensible heat fluxes was found among CSAT3 sonic anemometers and Li7500A/Li7500/EC150 combinations (average RMSE, 12.30 W m−2 and MRE, −1.36%), followed by Gill sonic anemometers and Li7500A/Li7500 combinations when a proper angle of attack correction method was applied (average RMSE, 16.75 W m−2 and MRE, −5.52%). The sensible heat flux measured using different LASs agreed well with high correlation coefficients—the average RMSE and MRE values were 10.26 W m−2 and 5.48% for boundary layer scintillometer (BLS) 900, 16.32 W m−2 and 10.47% for BLS450, and 14.38 W m−2 and −3.72% for ZZLAS, respectively. The EC and LAS measurements were compared and agreed well over homogeneous underlying surfaces, which also indicated that the EC and LAS measurements would be comparable in the follow‐up experiment. The intercomparison results can be used to determine instrument placement and are very helpful for subsequent data analysis.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Tandem Cyclization/Transfer Hydrogenation: A Synthetic Strategy for Enantioenriched Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Shi Feng , Tan Wei , Zhang Hong‐Hao , Li Mei , Ye Qin , Ma Guan‐Hua , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Li Guigen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn asymmetric organocatalytic tandem reaction comprising cyclization/transfer hydrogenation has been established in a compatible and synergistic way, leading to the step‐economical synthesis of enantioenriched tetrahydroquinoxalines and dihydroquinoxalinones from readily accessible materials in excellent enantioselectivity of up to >99% ee. This protocol of a one‐operation tandem reaction combines the merits of both tandem reactions and asymmetric organocatalysis, providing an efficient strategy for concisely and enantioselectively synthesizing nitrogen heterocycles with biological relevance.magnified image
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Cascade Aza‐Michael/Michael Addition for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Tetrahydroquinolines and Tetrahydrochromanoquinolines
Authors: Yang Wen , He Hai‐Xiao , Gao Yu , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn efficient organocatalytic highly asymmetric cascade aza‐Michael/Michael addition reaction for the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines and tetrahydrochromanoquinolines has been developed. This cascade reaction proceeds well at low catalyst loading with a broad substrate scope, furnishing the desired products in excellent yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities (up to >99:1 dr, 99% ee) under mild conditions. Importantly, it is the first catalytic asymmetric method for tetrahydrochromanoquinolines. This protocol provides a straightforward entry to highly functionalized chiral tetrahydroquinoline and tetrahydrochromanoquinoline derivatives from simple starting materials.magnified image
Stereoselective Heck Reactions with Vinyl Sulfoxides, Sulfides and Sulfones
Authors: Bachmann Daniel G. , Wittwer Christopher C. , Gillingham Dennis G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report the Heck cross‐coupling of notoriously unreactive, but synthetically valuable olefins: vinyl sulfoxides, vinyl sulfones, and vinyl sulfides. Key findings include the importance of the sterically hindered (tri‐tert‐butyl)phosphine ligand and the unique effectiveness of triethylamine as the base. The method is general, E‐selective, and can be used to synthesize disubstituted or trisubstituted olefins through simple adjustments of stoichiometry.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Inverse Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions of Diazadienes with Enol Ethers: Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Pyridazines
Authors: Gao Shuang , Chen Jia‐Rong , Hu Xiao‐Qiang , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA highly efficient and enantioselective inverse electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction of in situ generated 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes with enol ethers has been developed with the use of a chiral copper/bisoxazoline complex as the catalyst. The reaction exhibits high enantioselectivity (up to 90% ee) and provides a robust and powerful method to synthesize a variety of structurally diverse and densely substituted chiral pyridazine derivatives in good to excellent yields.magnified image
Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Conia‐Ene Reaction: Synthesis of 3‐Pyrrolines via a 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization
Authors: Boominathan Siva Senthil Kumar , Hu Wan‐Ping , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel method has been developed for the synthesis of 3‐pyrrolines from β‐ketopropargylamines via a 5‐endo‐dig carbocyclization. This transformation involves a silver‐catalyzed Conia‐ene type reaction tolerating broad substrate scope with good to excellent yields. Furthermore, this methodology has been extended for the construction of 2‐substituted pyrroles under base‐mediated conditions.magnified image
In Vivo Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 Activities in the Mouse Model of Collagen‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Lim Ngee Han , Meinjohanns Ernst , Bou‐Gharios George , Gompels Luke L. , Nuti Elisa , Rossello Armando , Devel Laurent , Dive Vincent , Meldal Morten , Nagase Hideaki 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo develop enzyme‐activatable Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrate probes to detect matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP‐12) and MMP‐13 activities in vivo in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis.MethodsPeptidic FRET probes activated by MMP‐12 and MMP‐13 were reverse designed from inhibitors selected from a phosphinic peptide inhibitor library. Selectivity of the probes was demonstrated in vitro using MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐12, and MMP‐13. In vivo activation of the probes was tested in the zymosan‐induced mouse model of inflammation, and probe specificity was evaluated by the MMP inhibitor GM6001 and specific synthetic inhibitors of MMP‐12 and MMP‐13. The probes were used to monitor these enzyme activities in the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model in vivo.ResultsThe MMP‐12 and MMP‐13 activity probes (MMP12ap and MMP13ap, respectively) discriminated between the activities of the 2 enzymes. The in vivo activation of these probes was inhibited by GM6001 and by their respective specific inhibitors. In the CIA model, MMP12ap activation peaked 5 days after disease onset and showed strong correlation with disease severity during this time (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). MMP13ap activation increased gradually after disease onset and correlated with disease severity over a longer period of 15 days (r = 0.58, P < 0.0001).ConclusionWe generated two selective FRET probes that can be used to monitor MMP‐12 and MMP‐13 activities in live animals. MMP12ap follows the initial stage of inflammation in CIA, while MMP13ap follows the progression of the disease. The specificity of these probes is useful in monitoring the efficacy of MMP inhibitors.
Social Learning in Networks with Time‐Varying Topologies
Authors: Liu Qipeng , Wang Xiaofan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecently, Jadbabaie et al. presented a social learning model, where agents update beliefs by combining Bayesian posterior beliefs based on personal observations and weighted averages of the beliefs of neighbors. For a network with a fixed topology, they provided sufficient conditions for all of the agents in the network to learn the true state almost surely. In this paper, we extend the model to networks with time‐varying topologies. Under certain assumptions on weights and connectivity, we prove that agents eventually have correct forecasts for upcoming signals and all the beliefs of agents reach a consensus. In addition, if there is no state that is observationally equivalent to the true state from the point of view of all agents, we show that the consensus belief of agents eventually reflects the true state.
Separating the Drift from Affine Control Systems via Feedbacks
Authors: Xia Qianqian , Geng Zhiyong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of state feedbacks to transform an affine control system into a special form with a driftless property. First, we consider the regular dynamic state feedback for an affine control system. Both local and global sufficient and necessary conditions are given on the affine control system such that it admits the driftless property. An algorithm is provided to compute explicitly the desired coordinate transformation. Then, the nonregular cases are studied. Some necessary conditions, as well as sufficient conditions, for nonregular feedback are presented. We illustrate with some examples.
Shape readout of AT‐rich DNA by carbohydrates
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Newby Spano Meredith , Arya Dev P. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTGene expression can be altered by small molecules that target DNA; sequence as well as shape selectivities are both extremely important for DNA recognition by intercalating and groove‐binding ligands. We have characterized a carbohydrate scaffold (1) exhibiting DNA “shape readout” properties. Thermodynamic studies with 1 and model duplex DNAs demonstrate the molecule's high affinity and selectivity towards B* form (continuous AT‐rich) DNA. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD) titration, ultraviolet (UV) thermal denaturation, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were used to characterize the binding of 1 with a B* form AT‐rich DNA duplex d[5′‐G2A6T6C2‐3′]. The binding constant was determined using ITC at various temperatures, salt concentrations, and pH. ITC titrations were fit using a two‐binding site model. The first binding event was shown to have a 1:1 binding stoichiometry and was predominantly entropy‐driven with a binding constant of approximately 108 M−1. ITC‐derived binding enthalpies were used to obtain the binding‐induced change in heat capacity (ΔCp) of −225 ± 19 cal/mol·K. The ionic strength dependence of the binding constant indicated a significant electrolytic contribution in ligand:DNA binding, with approximately four to five ion pairs involved in binding. Ligand 1 displayed a significantly higher affinity towards AT‐tract DNA over sequences containing GC inserts, and binding experiments revealed the order of binding affinity for 1 with DNA duplexes: contiguous B* form AT‐rich DNA (d[5′‐G2A6T6C2‐3′]) >B form alternate AT‐rich DNA (d[5′‐G2(AT)6C2‐3′]) > A form GC‐rich DNA (d[5′‐A2G6C6T2‐3′]), demonstrating the preference of ligand 1 for B* form DNA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 720–732, 2014.
Vinculin‐p130Cas interaction is critical for focal adhesion dynamics and mechano‐transduction
Authors: Goldmann Wolfgang H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdherent cells, when mechanically stressed, show a wide range of responses including large‐scale changes in their mechanical behaviour and gene expression pattern. This is in part facilitated by activating the focal adhesion (FA) protein p130Cas through force‐induced conformational changes that lead to the phosphorylation by src family kinases. Janostiak et al. [Janostiak et al. Cell Mol Life Sci (2013) DOI 10.1007/s00018‐013‐1450‐x] have reported that the phosphorylation site Y12 on the SH3 domain of p130Cas modulates the binding with vinculin, a prominent mechano‐coupling protein in FAs. Tension changes in FAs (due to the anchorage of the SH3 domain and C‐terminal) bring about an extension of the substrate domain of p130Cas by unmasking the phosphorylation sites. These observations demonstrate that vinculin is an important modulator of the p130Cas‐mediated mechano‐transduction pathway in cells. The central aim should be now to test that vinculin is critical for p130Cas incorporation into the focal adhesion complex and for transmitting forces to the p130Cas molecule.
Supramolecular Assembly of Bis(benzimidazole)pyridine: An Extended Anisotropic Ligand For Highly Birefringent Materials
Authors: Thompson John R. , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Williams Vance E. , Leznoff Daniel B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour new bis(benzimidazole)pyridine (BBP)‐containing compounds Zn(BBP)Cl[Au(CN)2], Mn(BBP)[Au(CN)2]2⋅H2O, Mn(BBP)Br2(MeOH) and Mn(BBP)Cl2(MeOH)⋅MeOH have been synthesized and structurally characterized and their birefringence values (Δn) determined. The structure of Zn(BBP)Cl[Au(CN)2] contains a hydrogen‐bonded dimer of Zn(BBP)Cl[Au(CN)2] units which propagate into a 1D chain through Au–Au interactions, although the crystals are of poor optical quality. The supramolecular structure of Mn(BBP)[Au(CN)2]2⋅H2O forms a 1D coordination polymer through chains of Mn(BBP)[Au(CN)2]2 units, each containing one bridging Au(CN)2 and one forming a 2D sheet through Au–Au interactions. The supramolecular structures of Mn(BBP)Br2(MeOH) and Mn(BBP)Cl2(MeOH)⋅MeOH are very similar, consisting of a complex hydrogen‐bonded network between NH imidazole, methanol and halide groups to align BBP building blocks. In the plane of the primary crystal growth direction, the birefringence values of the three Mn‐containing materials were Δn=0.08(1), 0.538(3) and 0.69(3), respectively. The latter two birefringence values are larger than in the related 2,2′;6′2′′‐terpyridine systems, placing them among the most birefringent solids reported. These compounds illustrate the utility of extending the π‐system of the building block and incorporating hydrogen‐bonding sites as design elements for highly birefringent materials and also illustrates the effect on the measurable birefringence of the crystal quality, growth direction and structural alignment of the anisotropic BBP building blocks.
An evaluation of the systemic bioavailability of mometasone furoate (MF) after oral inhalation from a MF/formoterol fumarate metered‐dose inhaler versus an MF dry‐powder inhaler in healthy subjects
Authors: Kosoglou Teddy , Hubbell James , Kantesaria Bhavna , Hanson Mary E. , Cutler David L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurposeThis randomized, open‐label, multiple‐dose, two‐period, crossover study compared the systemic bioavailability of mometasone furoate (MF) administered from a metered‐dose inhaler containing MF and formoterol fumarate (F) (MF/F‐MDI) versus MF administered from a single‐ingredient dry‐powder inhaler (MF‐DPI).MethodsHealthy, non‐smoking adults, 18–65 years with body mass index 18–29 kg/m2 (N = 12) received MF 800 µg/F 20 µg via MF/F‐MDI or MF 800 µg via MF‐DPI twice daily for 5 days separated by a 7‐day period. MF pharmacokinetics (AUC(0–12 hour), Cmax, and Tmax) were measured at Day 1 and 5 after each treatment. Safety and tolerability were assessed.ResultsSystemic exposure to MF based on AUC(0–12 hour) was ∼25% lower following MDI versus DPI administration. The Day 5 geometric mean ratio (MDI/DPI) estimates (90% confidence intervals [CI]) for AUC(0–12 hour) and Cmax were 0.747 (0.61, 0.91) and 0.606 (0.49, 0.75), respectively. The accumulation index (R) value for MF was higher following MDI (3.81‐fold) versus DPI administration (2.34‐fold) indicative of prolonged absorption. The most common adverse events were tremor, headache, and catheter site pain.ConclusionsSystemic exposure to MF was lower following multiple‐dose MF/F‐MDI administration versus MF‐DPI administration. The magnitude of this difference is not considered to be clinically important. MF/F‐MDI was safe and generally well tolerated.