bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of TGFβ receptor II signalling in pancreatic epithelial cells promotes acinar cell proliferation, acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia and fibrosis during pancreatitis
Authors: Grabliauskaite Kamile , Saponara Enrica , Reding Theresia , Bombardo Marta , Seleznik Gitta M , Malagola Ermanno , Zabel Anja , Faso Carmen , Sonda Sabrina , Graf Rolf 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDetermining signalling pathways that regulate pancreatic regeneration following pancreatitis is critical for implementing therapeutic interventions. In this study we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) in pancreatic epithelial cells during tissue regeneration. To this end, we conditionally inactivated TGFβ receptor II (TGFβ‐RII) using a Cre–LoxP system under the control of pancreas transcription factor 1a (PTF1a) promoter, specific for the pancreatic epithelium, and evaluated the molecular and cellular changes in a mouse model of cerulein‐induced pancreatitis. We show that TGFβ‐RII signalling does not mediate the initial acinar cell damage observed at the onset of pancreatitis. However, TGFβ‐RII signalling not only restricts acinar cell replication during the regenerative phase of the disease but also limits ADM formation in vivo and in vitro in a cell‐autonomous manner. Analyses of molecular mechanisms underlying the observed phenotype revealed that TGFβ‐RII signalling stimulates the expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors and intersects with the EGFR signalling axis. Finally, TGFβ‐RII ablation in epithelial cells resulted in increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the early phases of pancreatitis and increased activation of pancreatic stellate cells in the later stages of pancreatitis, thus highlighting a TGFβ‐based crosstalk between epithelial and stromal cells regulating the development of pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis. Collectively, our data not only contribute to clarifying the cellular processes governing pancreatic tissue regeneration, but also emphasize the conserved role of TGFβ as a tumour suppressor, both in the regenerative process following pancreatitis and in the initial phases of pancreatic cancer. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An epithelial to mesenchymal transition programme does not usually drive the phenotype of invasive lobular carcinomas
Authors: McCart Reed Amy E , Kutasovic Jamie R , Vargas Ana C , Jayanthan Janani , Al‐Murrani Amel , Reid Lynne E , Chambers Rachael , Da Silva Leonard , Melville Lewis , Evans Elizabeth , Porter Alan , Papadimos David , Thompson Erik W , Lakhani Sunil R , Simpson Peter T 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular phenotype switching phenomenon which occurs during normal development and is proposed to promote tumour cell invasive capabilities during tumour progression. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histological special type of breast cancer with a peculiar aetiology – the tumour cells display an invasive growth pattern, with detached, single cells or single files of cells, and a canonical feature is the loss of E‐cadherin expression. These characteristics are indicative of an EMT or at the very least that they represent some plasticity between phenotypes. While some gene expression profiling data support this view, the tumour cells remain epithelial and limited immunohistochemistry data suggest that EMT markers may not feature prominently in ILC. We assessed the expression of a panel of EMT markers (fibronectin, vimentin, N‐cadherin, smooth muscle actin, osteonectin, Snail, Twist) in 148 ILCs and performed a meta‐analysis of publically available molecular data from 154 ILCs. Three out of 148 (2%) ILCs demonstrated an early and coordinated alteration of multiple EMT markers (down‐regulation of E‐cadherin, nuclear TWIST, and up‐regulation of vimentin, osteonectin, and smooth muscle actin). However, the data overall do not support a role for EMT in defining the phenotypic peculiarities of the majority of ILCs. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pushing the limits of concentrated photovoltaic solar cell tunnel junctions in novel high‐efficiency GaAs phototransducers based on a vertical epitaxial heterostructure architecture
Authors: Masson Denis , Proulx Francine , Fafard Simon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA monolithic compound semiconductor phototransducer optimized for narrow‐band light sources was designed for achieving conversion efficiencies exceeding 50%. The III‐V heterostructure was grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition, based on the vertical stacking of 5 partially absorbing GaAs n/p junctions connected in series with tunnel junctions. The thicknesses of the p‐type base layers of the diodes were engineered for optimal absorption and current matching for an optical input with wavelengths centered near 830 nm. Devices with active areas of ~3.4 mm2 were fabricated and tested with different emitter gridline spacings. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of the electrical output is five times or more than that of a single GaAs n/p junction under similar illumination. The device architecture allows for improved Voc generation in the individual base segments because of efficient carrier extraction while simultaneously maintaining a complete absorption of the input photons with no needs for complicated fabrication processes or reflecting layers. With illumination powers in the range of a few 100 mW, the measured fill factor (FF) varied between 88 and 89%, and the Voc reached over 5.75 V. The data also demonstrated that a proper combination of highly doped emitter and window layers without gridlines is adequate for sustaining such FF values for optical input powers of several hundred milliwatts. As the optical input power is further increased and approaches 2 W (intensities ~58 W/cm2), the multiple tunnel junctions sequentially exceed their peak current densities in the case for which typical (n++)GaInP/ (p++)AlGaAs concentrated photovoltaic tunnel junctions are used. Lower bandgap tunnel junctions designed with improved peak current densities result in phototransducer devices having high FF and conversion efficiencies for up to 5 W optical input powers (intensities ~144 W/cm2). Measurements at different temperatures revealed a Voc reduction of −6 mV/°C at ~59 W/cm2. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Method for Determining the Vapor Pressure of Nitroglycerine Above Solid Rocket Propellants
Authors: Tunnell Ruth , Tod Dave 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMeasuring the vapor pressure of compounds such as nitroglycerine (NG) which have a low volatility has not been a straightforward task in the past. There are a wide range of values in the literature for the vapor pressure of NG and furthermore, there is little information regarding the vapor pressure of this compound above solid rocket propellant formulations. We have devised a new method for determining the vapor pressure of NG both above the pure material and solids containing this nitrate ester. The values obtained for pure liquid NG are in good agreement with some previously published values. It was also found that the vapor pressure of this compound is slightly lowered when it is incorporated into solid rocket propellant formulations.
Investigation of optical parameters of thermally evaporated ZnSe thin films
Authors: Güllü H. H. , Coşkun E. , Parlak M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this work, zinc selenide (ZnSe) thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation method using pure elemental (Zn and Se) sources. The physical properties of the films have been investigated in terms of the structural and optical characterizations depending on the post‐annealing process under nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature between 300 and 500 °C for 30 min. The structural and compositional analyses were carried out by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The compositional ana‐ lysis indicated that the deposited films were nearly stoichiometric whereas there was a decrease in Se and increase in the Zn contents. This implies the segregation and/or re‐evaporation of Se atoms from the thin film structure. The optical characteristics were studied by using the room temperature transmission measurements. The analysis of transmission values showed that the band gap values changed in between 2.38 and 2.62 eV depending on the annealing temperatures. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative study of SnS recrystallization in molten CdI2, SnCl2and KI
Authors: Timmo Kristi , Kauk‐Kuusik Marit , Pilvet Maris , Mikli Valdek , Kärber Erki , Raadik Taavi , Leinemann Inga , Altosaar Mare , Raudoja Jaan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the present study, the recrystallization of polycrystalline SnS in different molten salts CdI2, SnCl2 and KI as flux materials are presented. The recrystallization and growth of polycrystalline material in molten salts produces unique SnS monograin powders usable in monograin layer solar cells. XRD and Raman analysis revealed that single phase SnS powder can be obtained in KI at 740 °C and in SnCl2 at 500 °C. Long time heating of SnS in molten CdI2 was accompanied by chemical interaction between SnS and CdI2 that resulted in a mixture of CdS and Sn2S3 crystals. SEM images showed that morphology of crystals can be controlled by the nature of the flux materials: needle‐like Sn2S3 together with round edged crystals of CdS in CdI2, flat crystals of SnS with smooth surfaces in SnCl2 and well‐formed SnS crystals with rounded edges in KI had been formed. The temperatures of phase transitions and/or the interactions of SnS and flux materials were determined by differential thermal analysis. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predicting the energy yield of a photovoltaic system from an individual photovoltaic module
Authors: Şentürk Ali , Eke Rustu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this study, energy yield of a photovoltaic (PV) system is predicted from the output peak power of an individual PV module. Measured energy yield of an individual back contact single crystalline silicon PV module is scaled with total number of PV module within the PV array to calculate the energy yield. Regarding the conversion efficiency of the inverter in the PV system, calculated and measured energy yield of PV system were compared for selected dates. To confirm the accuracy of the proposed model, days with clear and cloudy irradiation profile were selected from August and November. The difference between calculated and measured energy yield of PV array were found to be insignificant. Thus, current method which is straightforward, feasible and reliable to predict the energy yield of PV array using just an individual PV module. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of MAPbBr3‐iYi (Y=I, Cl and i=0, 1, 2, 3) thin film perovskites
Authors: Vega Erika , Mollar Miguel , Marí Bernabé 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMethylammonium lead halide perovskites with different halides (iodide, bromide and chloride) have been synthetized from methylamine, lead nitrate and the corresponding hydroX acid (X = I, Br, Cl) precursors. Subsequently MAPbBr3‐iYi (Y = I, Cl; i=0, 1, 2, 3) perovskites were deposited as thin films onto FTO substrates by spin coating or dipping. Thin film perovskites were then characterized by X‐Ray Diffraction, elemental analysis and optical spectrometry. Crystallites' sizes are between 100‐600 nm depending on the synthesis temperature. All synthetized MAPbX3‐iYi perovskites crystallized in the same cubic phase irrespective of the X and Y components and a unique phase is observed. Elemental analysis shows that in all cases the atomic components meet the expected stoichiometric formulae. The bandgap of thin film MAPbX3‐iYi perovskites were inferred from transmittance and reflectance spectral measurements. It is found that the onset of the absorption edge for thin film MAPbX3 perovskites is about 1.66, 2.55 and 3.37 eV for X= I, Br, Cl, respectively and it reaches intermediate values for mixed MAPbX3‐iYi perovskites. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of intersystem crossing mechanism in organic materials
Authors: Ompong David , Singh Jai 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntersystem crossing rate from singlet excited state to triplet excited state of an organic molecule has been derived using exciton‐spin‐orbit‐molecular vibration interaction as a perturbation operator. Incorporation of heavy metal atom enhances the spin‐orbit interaction and hence the intersystem crossing rate because it depends on the square of the heaviest atomic number. We found that in the presence of heavy atom the singlet‐triplet energy difference still plays an influential role in the intersystem crossing process. The derived exciton‐spin‐orbit‐molecular vibration interaction operator flips the spin of the singlet exciton to triplet exciton after photoexcitaion from the singlet ground state with the assistance of molecular vibrational energy. From this operator an expression for the intersystem crossing rate is derived and calculated in some organic solids. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optoelectronic properties of OLEDs based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and F8BT
Authors: Borriello C. , Prontera C. T. , Mansour Sh. A. , Aprano S. , Maglione M. G. , Bruno A. , Luccio T. Di , Minarini C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report our work about OLED devices where the emissive layer is based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) combined with poly[(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐alt‐(benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol‐4,8‐diyl)] (F8BT) in two different ways: blends at various QDs concentrations and sequential deposition of QDs and F8BT layers. The fluorescence of the blends presents a wide emission in the range (500‐700) nm due to the combination of fluorescence by the polymer (maximum at 540 nm) and QDs (maximum at 634 nm). Among the layered structures, the fluorescence emission by the QDs substantially contributes to the spectrum only for the F8BT/QDs bilayer. The OLEDs devices realized with the blend at 15 wt% of QDs show the highest luminance respect to all the devices, and threshold voltage values similar to the neat polymer device. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Patients With Spina Bifida and Their Caregivers’ Feelings About Intermittent Bladder Catheterization in Brazil and Germany: A Correlational Study
Authors: Faleiros Fabiana , Cordeiro Adriana , Favoretto Naira , Käppler Christoph , Murray Christine , Tate Denise 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA major complication for individuals with spina bifida (SB) is managing their neurogenic bladder. For many, this process evokes negative feelings associated with guilt, dependence, and lack of self-worth.Purpose:The aim of the study was to compare feelings that hinder the performing of intermittent bladder catheterization reported by individuals with SB and their families in two countries of different sociocultural characteristics: Brazil and Germany.Design and Methods:Quantitative and comparative study with convenience sampling. The sample comprised 200 SB patients and their caregivers, 100 from Brazil and 100 from Germany.Findings:When asked about the existence of negative feelings or ideas that may hinder the performance of key person responsible for IC, 155 (77.5%) participants did not report such feelings. On the other hand, 45 (22.5%) reported emotional difficulties; among these participants, 31 (69%) were Brazilians and 14 (31%) were Germans.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:Although emotional factors are important to the adjustment of using IC methods for bladder management, the majority of people with SB and their caregivers seem to report no major emotional difficulties with this process. Yet a considerable group of participants did report such emotional difficulties associated with fear and shame. Knowing more about the factors associated with such negative feelings can facilitate interactions, provide mutual aid, and assist with resolution of practical concerns related to intermittent bladder catheterization.
Detailed Monte Carlo Simulation of electron transport and electron energy loss spectra
Authors: Attarian Shandiz M. , Salvat F. , Gauvin R. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryA computer program for detailed Monte Carlo simulation of the transport of electrons with kinetic energies in the range between about 0.1 and about 500 keV in bulk materials and in thin solid films is presented. Elastic scattering is described from differential cross sections calculated by the relativistic (Dirac) partial‐wave expansion method with different models of the scattering potential. Inelastic interactions are simulated from an optical‐data model based on an empirical optical oscillator strength that combines optical functions of the solid with atomic photoelectric data. The generalized oscillator strength is built from the adopted optical oscillator strength by using an extension algorithm derived from Lindhard's dielectric function for a free‐electron gas. It is shown that simulated backscattering fractions of electron beams from bulk (semi‐infinite) specimens are in good agreement with experimental data for beam energies from 0.1 keV up to about 100 keV. Simulations also yield transmitted and backscattered fractions of electron beams on thin solid films that agree closely with measurements for different film thicknesses and incidence angles. Simulated most probable deflection angles and depth‐dose distributions also agree satisfactorily with measurements. Finally, electron energy loss spectra of several elemental solids are simulated and the effects of the beam energy and the foil thickness on the signal to background and signal to noise ratios are investigated. SCANNING 38:475–491, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Untapped Potential of Picture Books
Authors: Hager Stephanie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article discusses the role picture books play in helping young writers. Third‐grade students were read engaging picture books for the sole purpose of noticing and naming different features they encountered during the read‐alouds. Students were able to recognize the tools many authors and illustrators use such as onomatopoeia, varied font styles, and ellipses by looking at books from a writer's perspective. The teacher also had the class discuss why different authors and illustrators make the choice to use different features in their books. Students began to mimic popular story books by using the features discussed during the read‐alouds. These strategies helped motivate young authors to produce thoughtful and creative writing as opposed to a lackluster prompt response.
How to Make Your Relationship Work? Aesthetic Relations with Technology
Authors: Pols Jeannette 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Discussing the workings of technology in care as aesthetic rather than as ethical or epistemological interventions focusses on how technologies engage in and change relations between those involved. Such an aesthetic study opens up a repertoire to address values that are abundant in care, but are as yet hardly theorized. Kamphof studies the problem that sensor technology reveals things about the elderly patients without the patients being aware of this. I suggest improvement of these relations may be considered in aesthetic terms, for instance by developing the affective quality of people’s technological relationships.
The Struggle for Technology: Towards a Realistic Political Theory of Technology
Authors: Verbeek Peter-Paul 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Pieter Lemmens’ neo-Marxist approach to technology urges us to rethink how to do political philosophy of technology. First, Lemmens’ high level of abstraction raises the question of how empirically informed a political theory of technology needs to be. Second, his dialectical focus on a “struggle” between humans and technologies reveals the limits of neo-Marxism. Political philosophy of technology needs to return “to the things themselves”. The political significance of technologies cannot be reduced to its origins in systems of production or social organization, but requires study at the micro-level, where technologies help to shape engagement, interaction, power, and social awareness.
Synthesis and Surface‐Active Properties of a Homologous Series of Star‐Like Triple‐Chain Anionic Surfactants Derived from 1,1,1‐Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane
Authors: Li Xu , Xing Fenglan , Xu Qun , Sun Xiaolong , Wang Yuping , Wang Liyan , Wang Pinglang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel homologous series of trimeric anionic surfactants, 3CnTE3CNa (where n is a fatty acid chain length of 7, 10, or 12), with three hydrocarbon chains and three carboxylate heads connected via tri‐etheric bonds were synthesized from long‐chain α‐bromo fatty acids and a triol, 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane. The obtained trimeric carboxylic acids were esterified and purified by silica gel column chromatography, then hydrolyzed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution to form a series of trimeric carboxylate surfactant products. All prepared compounds were analyzed by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy to confirm their chemical structures. Their surface‐active properties were investigated. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of 3CnTE3CNa were in the range of 0.12–0.71 mmol/L, and the surface tensions at the cmc (γcmc) were 29.3–34.8 mN/m.
National Survey of Thai Infectious Disease Physicians on Treatment of Carbapenem-ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiVentilator-Associated Pneumonia: The Role of Infection Control Awareness
Authors: Buppajarntham Aubonphan , Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Khawcharoenporn Thana , Rutjanawech Sasinuch , Singh Nalini 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the expected and treatment outcomes of Thai infectious disease physicians (IDPs) regarding carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)METHODSFrom June 1, 2014, to March 1, 2015, survey data regarding the expected and clinical success rates of CRAB VAP treatment were collected from all Thai IDPs. The expected success rate was defined as the expectation of clinical response after CRAB VAP treatment for the given case scenario. Clinical success rate was defined as the overall reported success rate of CRAB VAP treatment based on the clinical practice of each IDP. The expected and clinical success rates were divided into low (<60%), standard (60%–80%), and high (>80%) categories and were then compared with standard clinical response rates archived in the existing literature.RESULTSOf 183 total Thai IDPs, 111 (60%) were enrolled in this study. The median expected and clinical success rates were 68% and 58%, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, we determined that working in a hospital that implemented the standard intervention combined with an intensified infection control (IC) intervention for CRAB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–7.73;P=.02) was associated with standard and high expected rates (>60%). Being a board-certified IDP (aOR, 5.76; 95% CI, 2.16–15.37;P<.01) and having higher number of ID consultation cases per month (aOR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.98–11.80;P<.01) were associated with standard and high clinical success rates (>60%). We identified a significant correlation between expected and clinical success rates (r=0.58;P<.001).CONCLUSIONSAwareness of IC among IDPs can improve physicians’ expected and clinical success rates for CRAB VAP treatment, and treatment experience impacts overall treatment success.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2015;37(1):61–69