bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-Onset Neutropenia in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Yoder Bradley A. , Baer Vickie L. , Snow Gregory L. , Butler Allison 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:Early neutropenia is more common in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates (birth weight &lt;10th percentile) than in appropriately grown neonates. However, several aspects of this variety of neutropenia are unknown, including the duration, kinetic mechanism, and outcomes.METHODS:Using 10 years of multihospital records, we studied SGA neonates who, during the first week after birth, had neutrophil counts &lt;1000/μL.RESULTS:This degree of neutropenia was more common in SGA neonates (6%, 207/3650) than in non-SGA matched controls (1%, 46/3650; P &lt; .001). Neutrophil counts stayed below the lower reference interval for 7 days. Ratios of immature to total neutrophils were within the reference interval, suggesting reduced neutrophil production, not accelerated neutrophil use or destruction. Increased nucleated red cells at birth correlated with decreased neutrophils (P &lt; .001). Neutropenia was not independently associated with maternal hypertensive disorders, over and above the effect of SGA. Of 201 neutropenic SGA neonates, 129 (64%) also had thrombocytopenia. Sixteen percent of neutropenic neonates were treated with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with no reduction in late-onset sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Regression analysis showed that neutropenia (but not thrombocytopenia in the absence of neutropenia) was independently associated with increased odds of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (odds ratio 4.01, 90% confidence interval 2.08 to 7.35, P &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS:Neutropenia of SGA is a condition of 1-week duration. It is more closely associated with SGA than maternal hypertension (likely owing to neutrophil hypoproduction associated with intrauterine hypoxia), often accompanied by thrombocytopenia, not obviously improved by rG-CSF or IVIG, and associated with an increased risk for NEC.
Epitaxial Growth Following Crystal Nucleation in Laser-Quenched Si Films on SiO2
Authors: Wong Vernon K. , Chitu A. M. , Limanov A. B. , Im James S. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the solidified microstructure of nucleation-generated grains obtained via complete melting of Si films on SiO2 at high nucleation temperatures. This was achieved using a high-temperature-capable hot stage in conjunction with excimer laser irradiation. As predicted by the direct-growth model that considers (1) the evolution in the temperature of the solidifying interface and (2) the subsequent modes of growth (consisting of amorphous, defective, and epitaxial) as key factors, we were able to observe the appearance of “normal” grains that possess a single-crystal core area. These grains, which are in contrast to previously reported flower-shaped grains that fully make up the microstructure of the solidified films obtained via irradiation at lower preheating temperatures (and amongst which these “normal” grains emerge), indicate that epitaxial growth of nucleated crystals must have taken place within the grains. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding (1) the validity of the direct-growth model, (2) the nature of the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, and (3) the alternative explanations and assumptions that have been previously employed in order to explain the microstructure of Si films obtained via nucleation and growth within the complete melting regime.
Non-Formal Technological Education of Children in the City of Vilnius
Authors: Žygaitienė Birutė , Sinkevičienė Jūratė 
Published: October 2015

Education and socialization constitutes the method of formation of the person, society and state’s future; therefore well-organized non-formal education of children and youth as well as the occupation of their leisure time is a necessary condition for the socialization of the young generation and for effective delinquency prevention.
The problem of the research is that the technological education is underestimated in the nonformal education. Children have equal possibilities to participate in activity groups of the general education school and the non-formal education school; however, a clear tendency can be seen that technologies hobby groups are not popular in the institutions of non-formal education of children.
The aim of the research was to establish the organizational aspects of the technological education of non-formal education of children in Vilnius city as well as the determining factors. The tasks of the research were the following: to analyze the situation of the organization of non-formal technological education in Vilnius city. To reveal the factors of children’s choice of technological education in the field of non-formal education. To research the problems of the organization of technological development in non-formal education.
To achieve this aim the following research methods were used: analysis of literature and documents, empirical study (triangulation questionnaire was used), statistical analysis and comparisons graphical analysis, correlation analysis were performed.
The analysis of statistical reports has showed that 2 creation centres and 12 children and youth clubs operate in Vilnius city, in which non-formal and technological education is organized, however, technological hobby groups are not popular among children.
The results of the research has showed that the main problems in the field of the organization of technological hobby groups in non-formal education and related their attendance are as follows: inefficient financing of technological hobby groups, lack of activity means, non-equipped technological rooms in which children could educate in the appropriate environment. Also the problems of communications, too high charges for hobby groups and incompatibility of the time and activity of technological education are still not solved.
La familia, factor inductor del uso indebido de drogas en la adolescencia
Authors: Gutiérrez Daniel , Hernández Meléndrez Digna Edelsys 
Published: October 2015

<p align="justify">Los problemas del uso indebido de drogas y de la conducta adictiva han adquirido un creciente predominio en todo el mundo desde mediados de la década de 1960. En Argentina las estadísticas muestran un incremento del 30% en el uso de sustancias adictivas, y un 50% en el uso de alcohol en jóvenes entre 16 y 25 años. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la relación del consumo de tabaco y alcohol en la familia como factor inductor del uso indebido de drogas en los adolescentes. Esta investigación descriptiva realizó una encuesta a 469 adolescentes en la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Entre los resultados se encontró que en los adolescentes existe un consumo significativo de tabaco y alcohol, con una frecuencia diaria y semanal importante. Se concluye que la conducta de consumo de la familia facilita la iniciación de los adolescentes por imitación.</p>
Naturaleza y dimensionalidad de la relación de las variables estilo de liderazgo y desarrollo espiritual en los pastores adventistas en Lima metropolitana
Authors: Choque Fernández Juan 
Published: October 2015

<p align="justify">En el presente estudio se busca determinar la naturaleza y dimensionalidad de la relación de la variable constituida por el estilo de liderazgo (transformacional, transaccional y laissez faire) y la variable desarrollo espiritual (conciencia sobre Dios, aceptación realista, desilusión, grandiosidad, inestabilidad, manejo de la impresión) en los pastores adventista en Lima Metropolitana. Esta investigación es de tipo transversal y correlacional, porque se realiza en un momento determinado y estudia la correlación de la variable estilo de liderazgo. La población está conformada por 67 pastores de la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día pertenecientes a las dos asociaciones de Lima (Asociación Peruana Central Norte, Asociación Peruana Central Sur). Para determinar esta relación, se utilizó la prueba de correlación canónica. Entre los resultados se encontró que existe una relación significativa entre la variable estilo de liderazgo (transformacional, transaccional y <em>laissez faire</em>) y la variable desarrollo espiritual (conciencia sobre Dios, aceptación realista, desilusión, grandiosidad, inestabilidad y manejo de la impresión) en los pastores adventista en Lima Metropolitana. Así mismo, de acuerdo con el coeficiente de regresión, la sub variable liderazgo transformacional muestra una correlación significativa (p=0,002) con la sub variable constituida por conciencia sobre Dios, constituyéndose ésta última en un predictor significativo positivo del tipo de liderazgo transformacional. Se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre la variable estilo de liderazgo (transformacional, transaccional y <em>laissez faire</em>) y la variable desarrollo espiritual (conciencia sobre Dios, aceptación realista, desilusión, grandiosidad, inestabilidad y manejo de la impresión) en los pastores adventista en Lima Metropolitana.</p>
Linfoma no Hodgkin primario de sistema nervioso central en un paciente pediátrico sin inmunodeficiencia relacionada
Authors: Cárdenas-Cardos Rocío , Aguilar-Ortiz Marco Rodrigo , Velasco-Hidalgo Liliana , Pasquel García-Vázquez Pedro Mario , Rivera-Luna Roberto , Marhx-Bracho Alfonso 
Published: October 2015

<p>El linfoma no Hodgkin primario de sistema nervioso central es una afección poco frecuente en la población pediátrica. No existen (o son pocas) las recomendaciones o estudios clínicos que sean útiles para definir la mejor opción terapéutica. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el caso de una niña con linfoma primario de sistema nervioso central, sin ninguna inmunodeficiencia asociada, y realizar de una revisión cualitativa de la literatura especializada sobre esta enfermedad en niños.</p><p>Se ha postulado la posibilidad de cambios citogenéticos que pudieran explicar la heterogeneidad en el comportamiento de esta enfermedad pues se ha visto que es distinto al de otros linfomas en presentaciones habituales. La experiencia de tratamiento en niños con linfoma se basa en resultados de tratamientos obtenidos en pacientes adultos, con regímenes basados principalmente en antimetabolitos como metotrexato y citarabina. Aún es controvertida la utilidad de la radioterapia craneal, la cual sólo se recomienda en casos específicos.</p>
Convulsiones febriles
Authors: Ruiz-García Matilde 
Published: October 2015

<p>La Liga Internacional de Lucha contra la Epilepsia y la Organización Mundial de la Salud consideran a las convulsiones febriles como eventos comunes y benignos de la etapa infantil. Las convulsiones febriles son la forma más frecuente de crisis convulsiva en la infancia y afectan de 2 a 4% de los menores de 5 años en Estados Unidos y Europa, de 9 a 10% en Japón y hasta a 14% en Guam.</p>
Metaflammation, NLRP3 Inflammasome Obesity and Metabolic Disease
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Wijaya Andi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Increasing prevalence of obesity gives rise to many problems associated with multiple morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, sleep apnea and cancer. The mechanism of obesity is very complex, thus its link to various disease is poorly understood. This review highlights important concepts in our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and related complications.CONTENT: Many studies have tried to explore the exciting and puzzling links between metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory responses. A form of subclinical, low-grade systemic inflammation is known to be associated with both obesity and chronic disease. This, later called as "metaflammation", refers to metabolically triggered inflammation. The nutrient-sensing pathway and the immune response coordination are facilitated by these molecular sites in order to maintain homeostasis under diverse metabolic and immune conditions. Recent studies have found that the NLRP3 inflammasome during metabolic stress forms a tie linking TXNIP, oxidative stress, and IL-1β production. This provides new opportunities for research and therapy for the disease often described as the next global pandemic: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).SUMMARY: The crucial role of metaflammation in many complications of obesity shown by the unexpected overlap between inflammatory and metabolic sensors and their downstream tissue responses. Then great interest arose to explore the pathways that integrate nutrient and pathogen sensing, give more understanding in the mechanisms of insulin resistance type 2 diabetes, and other chronic metabolic pathologies. A family of intracellular sensors called NLR family is a critical component of the innate immune system. They can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasome which is capable of responding to a wide range of stimuli including both microbial and self molecules by activating the cysteine protease caspase-1, leading to processing and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, which play crucial roles in host defense. Inflammasome dysregulation has been linked to some autoinflammatory and metabolic diseases. These provide opportunities to continue to improve our understanding of the nature of metaflammation in the hope of modifying it to prevent and treat diseasese.KEYWORDS: Inflammation, metaflammation, inflammasome, metabolic disease, obesity
The Effects of Administration of Mangosteen Pericap's Ethanolic Extract and Xanthone on Angiogenesis of Gastric Ulcer Healing in Wistar Rats Observed Through the Increase in the level of NO and VEGF and CD-31 Expressions
Authors: Oktaviyanti Ika Kustiyah , Sargowo Djanggan , Widodo Mohammad Aris , Mintaroem Karyono 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: NSAIDs can cause gastric ulcer or may delay the healing of it. Upon exposure to indomethacin, gastric ulcer can occur due to oxidants. Mangosteen rind contains xanthone, which is a natural antioxidant. Administration of this antioxidant may increase angiogenesis that can accelerate healing of gastric ulcer.METHODS: This study used an experimental method with randomized post test control only design using Wistar rats. The rats were put on fasting for 24 hours, then a single dose of 30mg/kg body weight (BW) Indomethacine was given. The rats were divided into control group and treatment group. The treatment group was further divided into two subgroups: one group was given a daily 200 mg/kg BW mangosteen pericap extract, and the other group was given 35 mg/kg BW Xanthone. Both the control group and treatment group were decapitated on the 3rd day, 6th day and 12th day, respectively. After decapitation, the stomach of each rat was taken and divided into two portions, one portion was used for NO examination by ELISA, and the other portion for hispathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis for assessing CD 31 and VEGF expressions.RESULTS: Administration of mangoosteen pericap and xanthone could accelerate healing of gastric ulcers as compared with the control, as shown by the decrease in the severity level of the ulcers. Mangoosteen pericap and xanthone could also increase NO, VEGF expression, and CD-31 as compared with the control, especially on the 3rd day of treatment. Explanation of this finding might be that the antioxidants contained in the mangoosteen pericap or in xanthone could bind with radical superoxide and accelerate release of free NO. The increase of NO caused increase of VEGF and CD-31 that could accelerate angiogenesis, which eventually could accelerate healing of the gastric ulcers.CONCLUSIONS: The effect of mangosteen pericap's extract and xanthone can improve healing of gastric ulcers by increasing nitric oxide and also can increase angiogenesis as shown by the increase of VEGF and CD-31 expressions.KEYWORDS: mangosteen, healing, gastric Ulcer, angiogenesis
25(OH)D was Correlated with Increased Risk of Insulin Resistance, but Not Mediated by Adiponectin and hsCRP
Authors: Kartikawati Anggi , Lina Yani , Wijaya Andi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that change of calcium and vitamin D homeostasis is associated with insulin resistance, decreased beta cell function, metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance and diabetes. Evidence suggests that vitamin D insufficiency is inversely related to risk of metabolic disorders including type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. Hence, current study was conducted to investigate correlation between 25(OH)D and insulin resistance through adiponectin or High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) in centrally obese men.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 centrally obese men with waist circumference (WC) >90 cm and age 30-60 years. Total 25(OH)D concentration was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA model.RESULTS: This study showed there was no correlation of 25(OH)D-WC (r=0.006 and p=0.957), 25(OH)D-adiponectin (r=0.179 and p=0.111) abd 25(OH)D-hsCRP (r=-0.223 and p=0.334), but we observed statistically significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (r=0.461 and p=0.041).CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that low 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with increased risk of insulin resistance. Since the adiponectin or hsCRP was not correlated, the possible pathways need to be futher investigated.KEYWORDS: central obesity, 25(OH)D, adiponectin, hsCRP, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
Analysis of Ghrelin and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) as Endothelial Dysfunction Marker Among Obese Men
Authors: Meliani Lia , Arif Mansyur , Sukmawati Indriyanti Rafi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Ghrelin has many biological activities such as regulating energy homeostasis and recent studies have shown its effects in the cardiovascular system. Ghrelin concentration decreases in obese man that indicates relatioship between ghrelin and energy homeostasis. Ghrelin also improves endothelial function by increasing the bioavaibility of nitric oxide (NO). The bioavaibility of NO is also influenced by ADMA. ADMA is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is significantly elevated during endothelial dysfuction. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of ADMA and ghrelin with central obesity based on waist circumference and to evaluate the relationship of total ghrelin and ADMA in centrally obese men. METHODS: Total ghrelin and ADMA were measured in 20 non-obese men (waist circumference (WC) 78.85±4.40 cm) and 60 centrally obese men (WC 97.54±5.94 cm). Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BM, waist circumference and blood pressure) were also recorded. Statistic were carried out by the Spearman and Pearson bivariate correlation analysis and independent sample T test. RESULTS: ADMA concentrations were significantly higher in centrally obese men than in normal weight controls (p-value <0.05), whereas total ghrelin concentrations were not significantly lower in centrally obese men than in normal weight controls (p-value >0.05). Ghrelin total concentrations were significantly lower in centrally obese men with metabolic syndrome than in normal weight controls (p-value <0.05). No significant correlation existed between total ghrelin and ADMA.CONCLUSIONS: No correlation existed between ADMA and total ghrelin. The pathway of ghrelin in altering vascular function may not involve ADMA.KEYWORDS: ghrelin, ADMA, endothelial dysfunction, obese
Bacterial community response to changes in a tri‐trophic cascade during a whole‐lake fish manipulation
Authors: Saarenheimo J. , Aalto S. L. , Syväranta J. , Devlin S. P. , Tiirola M. , Jones R. I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMicrobial communities play a key role in biogeochemical processes by degrading organic material and recycling nutrients, but can also be important food sources for upper trophic levels. Trophic cascades might modify microbial communities either directly via grazing or indirectly by inducing changes in other biotic or in abiotic factors (e.g., nutrients). We studied the effects of a tri‐trophic cascade on microbial communities during a whole‐lake manipulation in which European perch (Perca fluviatilis) were added to a naturally fishless lake divided experimentally into two basins. We measured environmental parameters (oxygen, temperature, and nutrients) and zooplankton biomass and studied the changes in the bacterial community using next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and cell counting. Introduction of fish reduced the biomass of zooplankton, mainly Daphnia, which partly altered the bacterial community composition and affected the bacterial cell abundances. However, the microbial community composition was mainly governed by stratification patterns and associated vertical oxygen concentration. Slowly growing green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobium) dominated the anoxic water layers together with bacteria of the candidate division OD1. We conclude that alterations in trophic interactions can affect microbial abundance, but that abiotic factors seem to be more significant controls of microbial community composition in sheltered boreal lakes.
The Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on Sleep and Olfactory Function in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Breen David P , Low Hu Liang , Misbahuddin Anjum 
Published: October 2015

Objective:
Relatively little is known about the effects of deep brain stimulation on non-motor symptoms. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the impact of deep brain stimulation on sleep and olfactory function in Parkinson’s disease.

Methods:
Subjective sleep quality and olfactory testing were performed on 11 consecutive Parkinson’s disease patients (eight men and three women) undergoing bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation. All patients consented to undergo clinical assessments prior to the procedure, and at regular intervals afterwards.

Results:
Subjective sleep quality improved at six months following deep brain stimulation and this benefit was sustained in the majority of patients at later follow-up assessments. There was no significant change in olfactory function following deep brain stimulation.

Conclusions:
In addition to having beneficial effects on motor function and quality of life, bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves subjective sleep quality in Parkinson’s disease.
Effect of otitis media with effusion on brainstem timing in children
Authors: El-Kabarity Rasha H. , Abdel Rahman Tayseer T. , Abdel Kader Hesham A. , Sanyelbhaa Hossam 
Published: October 2015

Objective:
Otitis media with effusion (OME) in early childhood may cause a central auditory processing disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of prolonged OME in children on central auditory function using speech-ABR.

Study design:
Fifty-five children (31 males, 24 females) with bilateral OME were included in the present study. Their ages ranged from five to 11 years. According to the duration of the OME, the study group was divided into two groups: Group I (25 subjects with OME of long duration) and Group II (30 subjects with recent-onset OME). Responses to click evoked auditory brainstem response (click-ABR) and speech evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) were collected from the study groups I and II.

Results:
A Student's t-test revealed non-significant differences between groups I and II regarding different click-ABR parameters; absolute and interpeak latencies (I–III, III–V, and I–V). There were significant temporally delayed speech-ABR responses for the onset and offset of the stimulus (waves V, A and O), and reduction in VA slope in Group I compared to Group II.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that OME of long duration in children is associated with deficient neural timing in response to the onset and offset of transient speech stimuli, resulting in a subtle impairment of speech encoding at the brainstem.