bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight on Oversight: The Role of Information Commissioners in the Implementation of Access to Information Policies
Authors: Holsen Sarah , Pasquier Martial 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
What factors impede “Access to Information (ATI)” laws — or make them effective? Drawing on international experience and analyses of ten different countries, Holsen and Pasquier describe and analyze several different forms of ATI implementation. Factors considered include the oversight bodies' powers, independence, resources, and leadership. Special consideration is given to appeals processes and types of enforcement. In this context, the benefits of the “Information Commissioner” model have been found to outweigh its drawbacks.
Strategic Challenges for the European Telecom Sector: The Consequences of Imbalances in Internet Traffic
Authors: Liebenau Jonathan , Elaluf-Calderwood Silvia , Karrberg Patrik 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The current business model of European telecommunications operators is unsustainable. According to Liebenau, Elaluf-Calderwood, and Karrberg, the old model does not reflect new architectures for the provision of digital services. It is economically unfeasible, they say, to continue to promote the idea of a “dumb pipe” industry alongside a services and content industry. However, network neutrality requirements could stand in the way of application-based charging, significantly hampering market development. To survive, operators need a new multi-sided strategy built around different modular types of traffic in order to link their business models to emerging Internet value chains.
Online and On Point: Broadband Usage in Canada and the United States
Authors: McConnaughey James , Neogi Prabir K. , Goldberg Rafi M. , Brocca Josie 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Have we exhausted supply-side solutions to bridging the “digital divide?” The evidence suggests we may have, according to the four authors of this article. Comparing Canadian and American broadband penetration data, they find that eliminating the “availability gap” is a necessary but not sufficient condition to solving the adoption gap. An analysis of citizens' reasons for non-adoption suggests a basis for more emphasis on demand-side policies, especially with respect to low income, disadvantaged, or uncertain users.
ESSAY - Spectrum Synergy: Policy Opportunities to Promote Communications and Information Flow in Wireless Networks
Authors: Riley M. Chris 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Will consumers and democracy benefit or lose from future mobile policy? In this essay that introduces the “Spectrum for Democracy” special issue of Journal of Information Policy, Dr. Riley argues that the key question is whether national and international policy will facilitate or frustrate the opportunities that wireless presents. To address the biggest challenges, he advocates emphasis on “Super Wi-Fi,” increased competition, spectrum standardization, interoperable architectures, mobile broadband universal service, and resistance to state censorship. In the long-term, Riley says, spectrum management should move away from the current model to a completely opportunistic, software-defined cognitive radio technology.
From Revolution to Reform: Recommendations for Spectrum Policy in Transitional Tunisia
Authors: Chakchouk Moez , Kehl Danielle , Ben-Avie Jochai , Coyer Kate 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWill the revolutionary changes of the “Arab Spring” result in more open and democratic media in the affected countries in the Middle East and North Africa? Using developments in Tunisia as a case study, the authors argue that democratically reformed media, Internet, and spectrum policies can lead to a more enabling and pluralistic environment that encourages new market entrants. Progress has been made, but ongoing challenges in structural and institutional reforms remain. The authors make a series of policy recommendations in the hope that Tunisia can be a model for its regional and global peers.
ALTERAÇÕES DE PAISAGENS RIBEIRINHAS: O CASO DO RIO PARAMOPAMA, ESTADO DE SERGIPE
Authors: Ribeiro Luísa Ferreira , Holanda Francisco Sandro Rodrigues , Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno de , Rocha Igor Pinheiro , Gois Suzilane Santos 
Published: December 2014

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar as alterações da paisagem promovidas pela erosão marginal e verificar a eficácia da técnica de bioengenharia de solos na recuperação das margens de um trecho do rio Paramopama, localizado no município de São Cristóvão, estado de Sergipe. Para a avaliação da alteração da paisagem, classificada como de altíssimo, alto e baixo grau de antropização, foram analisadas séries fotográficas compreendidas no período de 1998-2008. As espécies que se estabeleceram com maior ocorrência foram as pertencentes à família Poaceae. Dentre os fatores responsáveis pela alteração da paisagem, destacaram-se a erosão e a instalação de dutos atravessando a calha do rio. No rio Paramopama, foram observados dois momentos distintos, um com altíssimo e outro com alto grau de antropização. A técnica de bioengenharia de solos mostrou-se eficiente no que se refere à recuperação da paisagem, além de prover condições para a recuperação do ecossistema ribeirinho.Palavras-chave: Margens de cursos d´água; recuperação de paisagem; antropização. AbstractRiverine landscape changes: case-study of Paramopama River, Sergipe State. This work aimed to analyze current changes caused by riverbank’s erosion, as well as to verify the effectiveness of soil bioengineering techniques on the landscape recovery applied to Paramopama River banks. In order to verify landscape’s changes, it analyzed a photographic set produced during the period of 1998-2008, which had been classified according to its degree of anthropization as very high, high and low degree. Species with higher occurrence were those belonging to botanic family of Gramineae. There were many factors to landscape change, erosion was the most important followed by disturbances caused by ducts installation across the river channel. At Paramopama River two different moments could be observed, firstly, a very high degree of anthropization followed by a high degree of anthropization. Soil bioengineering technique was efficient to landscape recovery, providing ecological conditions to ecosystem recovery.Keywords: Stream banks; landscape recovery; anthropization.
THE EFFECTS OF SUCCESSIVE THINNINGS ON THE HYPSOMETRIC FUNCTION FOR Pinus oocarpa STANDS
Authors: Machado Sebastião Do Amaral , Barros Dalmo Arantes de , Scolforo José Roberto Soares , Acerbi Junior Fausto Weimar 
Published: December 2014

This research aimed to test the hypothesis that successive thinnings mischaracterize the hypsometric function, and that after some thinnings the average height of the plots or of the stand () is an unbiased estimate of the remaining tree heights (hi), that is, ĥi = . The data were obtained from Duraflora S. A. in Agudos, State of São Paulo. This data set came from the measurement of diameters and respective heights of 1,100 trees equitably distributed in 11 different treatments with ages ranging from 5 to 25 years, and number of thinnings varying between 0 (zero) and 6. The Stoffels model, previously fitted to all treatments, was used to observe the behavior of the following factors: coefficient of multiple determination (R²), standard error of estimate in percent (Syx %), distribution of residuals, and the significance of the b0 and b1 coefficients in each one of the equations. After tests it was confirmed the hypothesis that average height is a precise estimate of hi for the oldest treatments with more than 4 thinnings. This means low Syx % and unbiased estimates, that is, good distribution of residuals.Keywords: Hypsometric curves; management regimes; plantations; Pinus oocarpa.ResumoEfeitos de desbastes sucessivos sobre a função hipsométrica em povoamentos de Pinus oocarpa Shiede. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo testar a hipótese que desbastes sucessivos descaracterizam a função hipsométrica e que após alguns desbastes a altura média da parcela ou do povoamento () é uma boa estimativa das demais alturas (ĥi), isto é, ĥi = . A base de dados utilizada para testar a hipótese formulada proveio de plantios de Pinus oocarpa, pertencentes à empresa Duraflora S.A., situada no município de Agudos, sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo. Esta base consistiu da altura e diâmetro de 1100 árvores distribuídas igualmente em 11 tratamentos, com variação de idades e número de desbastes. Visando atingir aos objetivos, foi primeiramente ajustado o modelo de Stoffels, separadamente para cada um dos 11 tratamentos, com o fim de observar a tendência dos coeficientes de determinação múltiplos (R2), do erro padrão da estimativa em porcentagem (Syx %), a distribuição dos resíduos e a significância dos coeficientes de interseção (b0) e de inclinação (b1) em cada uma das equações. Após proceder as análises conclui-se que a medida que se aumenta o número de desbastes os R² vão se tornando cada vez mais baixos , porém os Syx % foram sempre inferiores a 10%. Palavras-chave: Curva hipsométrica; regimes de manejo; plantações; Pinus oocarpa.
VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DO FLUXO DE CO2 DO SOLO EM POVOAMENTO DE EUCALIPTO
Authors: D’Andréa Alexandre Fonseca , Silva Marx Leandro Naves , Freitas Diego Antonio França de , Curi Nilton , Silva Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2014

A matéria orgânica do solo armazena a maior parte do carbono contido nos sistemas terrestres do planeta, sendo a maioria encontrada nos solos com floresta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o fluxo de CO2 do solo e a sua variabilidade espacial em povoamento de Eucalyptus sp. Foram avaliados o fluxo de CO2 do solo, fatores ambientais (evaporação de água, temperatura e umidade do solo), atributos relacionados à fertilidade (pH, soma de bases e alumínio trocável), estrutura (densidade do solo e porosidade total) e matéria orgânica do solo (carbono orgânico total e carbono da biomassa microbiana). Análises de correlação linear simples indicaram que parte da variabilidade espacial do fluxo de CO2 do solo pode ser explicada pelo efeito conjunto do teor de carbono orgânico do solo, da biomassa da serapilheira e da presença de árvores no terreno, indicativas da participação de fatores bióticos no processo. No entanto, o fluxo de CO2 do solo é um fenômeno de natureza complexa, não sendo possível identificar um único atributo do solo ou do ambiente que, isoladamente, explique sua variação no espaço.Palavras-chave: Matéria orgânica; fatores ambientais; fertilidade; carbono; respiração do solo.AbstractSoil CO2 flux spatial variability on eucalyptus manmade forest. The organic matter on soil retains most of carbon contained in the planet terrestrial systems, specially in forest soils. The aim of this work was to quantify soil CO2 flux and its spatial variability on Eucalyptus sp. manmade forest. In order to that, soil CO2 flux, environmental factors (water evaporation, soil temperature and moisture), fertility attributes (pH, bases sum and exchangeable aluminum), structure (bulk density and total porosity), and soil organic matter (total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon) were evaluated. Simple linear correlation analyses indicated that part of the spatial variability of soil CO2 flux can be explained by the associated effect of soil organic carbon amount, litter biomass and presence of trees, indicatives of participation of biotic factors in the process. However, the soil CO2 flux is a complex phenomenon, been impossible to identify a single soil or environmental attribute, which, individually, could explain its spatial variability. Keywords: Organic matter; environmental factors; fertility; carbon; linear correlation.
Opening Eyes Wide Shut: Genre, Reception, and Kubrick’s Last Film
Authors: RANSOM AMY J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Disturbing both stylistically and thematically, refusing ever to do what is expected of him though sometimes infiltrating traditional cinematic genres … as a visionary film-maker bringing his most personal obsessions to life on the screen of his fantasy, [Kubrick] has been able to apprehend the underlying tensions of his period and tap its collective unconscious.
Michel Ciment (43)
Receiving Stanley Kubrick–however one chooses to define him–has never been a simple task.
Jason Sperb (“Their Eyes” 125)
Revisión teórica de la agencia publicitaria en la cultura digital
Authors: Del Río Pérez Jorge , Kaufmann Argueta Jürg 
Published: December 2014

Tim Bourne (2014) advierte de una serie de cambios en el mercado publicitario como el surgimiento de nuevos competidores, nuevas oportunidades y prioridades de comunicación y cambios en las ventas y en la distribución. En este panorama, la tecnología juega un papel omnipresente y es el motor capaz de inspirar hacia nuevas innovaciones y evoluciones. El objetivo del presente artículo es resaltar los aspectos fundamentales en la transformación de la industria publicitaria y de la agencia de publicidad como consecuencia de los efectos de la digitalización. Para ello, y tras una revisión de los trabajos publicados en revistas científicas españolas y extranjeras, en el presente trabajo se describen las características principales de la comunicación publicitaria en la cultura digital y, cómo en este nuevo entorno mediático, han surgido nuevas formas de entender la comunicación y la creatividad publicitaria. A continuación se resaltarán las principales transformaciones que las agencias de publicidad deben realizar para seguir cumpliendo con su función dentro del entorno digital. Por último, y aunque existen pocos estudios que investiguen los cambios que se han producido en los procesos de trabajo creativos dentro de las agencias (Sasser, Scott y Kilgour, 2013), se esbozan algunas características de la agencias del futuro.
La « ville durable » précipitée dans le monde arabe : essai d’analyse généalogique et critique
Authors: Barthel Pierre-Arnaud , Clerc Valérie , Philifert Pascale 
Published: December 2014

Articulés à une institutionnalisation progressive du développement urbain durable (DUD), beaucoup de nouveaux chantiers ont été ouverts dans les pays du monde arabe et commencent à se décliner en programmes d’action depuis les années 1990-2000. Ils peuvent être interprétés de manières ambivalentes et contradictoires. D’un côté, l’appropriation du DUD à travers des actions innovantes (programmes d’énergies renouvelables, projets d’éco-quartiers, nouvelles certifications etc.) sert la préservation d’un ordre et la bonne image d’un pouvoir, fût-il autoritaire. De l’autre côté, une véritable conduite de changement de l’action urbaine est amorcée et portée par des acteurs situés dans les « appareils » (agences publiques, ministères, etc.) ou en dehors de ceux-ci (bureaux d’études, associations, ONG), même si nous en soulignons les limites en l’état actuel des choses : éclatement des initiatives qui ne font pas ou peu réseau, invention à peine amorcée de réponses ad hoc qui traduiraient une « endogénéisation » du DUD, par là même différente du travail de reprise des réponses élaborées dans les pays du Nord, et impact encore limité des premiers projets dans la mesure où peu encore était construit et visible en 2012.
La ville sous les haut-parleurs ou le rap comme critique urbanistique et paysager
Authors: Koci Simon 
Published: December 2014

L’art urbain est-il également critique de l’urbain? En plus d’être un produit de la ville, de l’évoquer, de lui rendre hommage à bien des égards, l’art urbain peut-il être et doit-il être critique des formes et de l’habitabilité des villes? Ces questions, qui interrogent la portée aménagiste des arts de la ville, serviront à conduire ce présent article vers le contexte spécifique qu’il prétend sonder : les cités HLM de France. Discours subversif et vindicatif, fondamentalement urbain, le rap alors même qu’il révèle la condition habitante qui a cours dans les grands ensembles, mène également de front une critique de l’univers HLM qui porte celui qui s’y attarde vers des chemins tout aussi inédits que tragiques.
Efinaconazole Topical Solution, 10%
Authors: Pollak Richard A. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundToenail onychomycosis is a common disease with limited treatment options; treatment failure and relapse are frequently encountered. Many patients experience long-standing disease affecting multiple toenails, with substantial discomfort and pain. Although some patients might prefer a topical therapy, efficacy with ciclopirox nail lacquer has been disappointing.MethodsEfinaconazole topical solution, 10% is the first topical triazole antifungal agent specifically developed for the treatment of onychomycosis. This paper reviews the preclinical and clinical data on efinaconazole topical solution, 10%.ResultsEfinaconazole has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity in vitro and is more potent than ciclopirox against common onychomycosis pathogens. It has a more optimal keratin affinity than ciclopirox, and it exhibits significantly greater in vivo activity owing to its superior nail penetration. Mycologic cure rates at week 52 were 55.2% (study 1) and 53.4% (study 2) with efinaconazole topical solution, 10% compared with 16.8% and 16.9%, respectively, with vehicle (P&lt;.001 for both). In addition, efinaconazole is well tolerated.ConclusionsEfinaconazole topical solution, 10% may likely become a preferred topical agent for the management of mild-to-moderate onychomycosis.
Assessing Plantar Pressure Distribution in Children with Flatfoot Arch
Authors: Pauk Jolanta , Ihnatouski Mikhail , Najafi Bijan 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundFlatfoot, or pes planus, is one of the most common foot posture problems in children that may lead to lower-extremity pain owing to a potential increase in plantar pressure. First, we compared plantar pressure distribution between children with and without flatfoot. Second, we examined the reliability and accuracy of a simple metric for characterization of foot posture: the Clarke angle. Third, we proposed a mathematical model to predict plantar pressure magnitude under the medial arch using body mass and the Clarke angle.MethodsSixty children with flatfoot and 33 aged-matched controls were recruited. Measurements included in-shoe plantar pressure distribution, ground reaction force, Clarke angle, and radiography assessment. The measured Clarke angle was compared with radiographic measurements, and its test-retest reliability was determined. A mathematical model was fitted to predict plantar pressure distribution under the medial arch using easy-to-measure variables (body mass and the Clarke angle).ResultsA high correlation was observed between the Clarke angle and radiography measurements (r &gt; 0.9; P &lt; 10−6). Excellent between- and within-day test-retest reliability for Clarke angle measurement (intraclass correlation coefficient, &gt;0.9) was observed. Results also suggest that pressure magnitude under the medial arch can be estimated using the Clarke angle and body mass (R2 = 0.95; error, &lt;0.04 N/cm2 [2%]).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the Clarke angle is a practical, reliable, and sensitive metric for quantification of medial arch height in children and could be recommended for research and clinical applications. It can also be used to estimate plantar pressure under the medial arch, which, in turn, may assist in the timely intervention and prognosis of prospective problems associated with flatfoot posture.
Student-Teacher Relationship and Student Academic Motivation
Authors: Jasmi Adibah Najihah , Hin Lim Chong 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This qualitative study investigates the link between student-teacher relationship and student’s academic motivation. Two 16-year old male students from a public boarding school in the Peninsular of Malaysia were chosen as participants. Data were gathered from two unstructured interviews. Five themes within the student-teacher relationship were identified throughout the interviews: care, support, trust, approachable and expectation. The findings suggest that academic motivation is fostered when teachers show genuine care towards the students, provide continuous support to the students, build trust in the relationship, be approachable to the students, and have a reasonably high expectation towards students’ achievement.
Deer Hunting Season and Firearm Violence in US Rural Counties
Authors: Sharkey Patrick , Cristancho Juan Camilo , Semenza Daniel 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceFirearm violence is a major public health problem in the US. However, relatively little research has focused particular attention on firearm violence in rural areas, and few studies have used research designs that draw on exogenous variation in the prevalence of firearms to estimate the association between firearm presence and shootings.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the start of deer hunting season and shootings in rural counties in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, data from all rural US counties in states with available data on the timing of deer hunting season were matched with data on shootings from the Gun Violence Archive from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021.ExposureShootings in the first 3 weeks of deer hunting season were compared with the week prior to the start of deer hunting season.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was daily total shootings. The association between the start of deer hunting season and shootings was estimated using Poisson regression models to analyze change within counties while controlling for relevant calendar year, month of year, and seasonal effects.ResultsThe sample included 854 rural counties with a mean (SD) population of 16 416 (18 329) per county and 5.4 (13.3) annual shootings per 100 000 people. The county fixed-effects specification analyzing the association between deer hunting season and shootings showed that relative to the week prior to deer hunting season, the incidence rate ratio for total shootings was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.13-1.95) for the first week of deer hunting season and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.02-1.94) for the second week of deer hunting season. Estimates remained consistent when excluding hunting accidents and were most pronounced in states with more hunting licenses per capita.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of the association between the start of deer hunting season and firearm violence, results showed that the start of deer hunting season was associated with a substantial increase in shootings. The findings highlight the role of firearm prevalence in gun violence and suggest the need for focused policies designed to reduce firearm violence in areas with substantial hunting activity during the first weeks of deer hunting season.