bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiographic Features, Collaterals, and Infarct Topography of Symptomatic Occlusive Radiation Vasculopathy
Authors: Zou Winnie X.Y. , Leung Thomas W. , Yu Simon C.H. , Wong Edward H.C. , Leung S.F. , Soo Yannie O.Y. , Ip Vincent H.L. , Chan Anne Y.Y. , Lam Wynnie W.M. , Siu Deyond Y.W. , Abrigo Jill , Lee Kwok Tung , Liebeskind David S. , Wong Ka Sing 
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose—
Occlusive radiation vasculopathy (ORV) predisposes head-and-neck cancer survivors to ischemic strokes.

Methods—
We analyzed the digital subtraction angiography acquired in 96 patients who had first-ever transient ischemic attack or ischemic strokes attributed to ORV. Another age-matched 115 patients who had no radiotherapy but symptomatic high-grade (>70%) carotid stenoses were enrolled as referent subjects. Digital subtraction angiography was performed within 2 months from stroke onset and delineated carotid and vertebrobasilar circulations from aortic arch up to intracranial branches. Two reviewers blinded to group assignment recorded all vascular lesions, collateral status, and infarct pattern.

Results—

ORV patients had less atherosclerotic risk factors at presentation. In referent patients, high-grade stenoses were mostly focal at the proximal internal carotid artery. In contrast, high-grade ORV lesions diffusely involved the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery and were more frequently bilateral (54% versus 22%), tandem (23% versus 10%), associated with complete occlusion in one or both carotid arteries (30% versus 9%), vertebral artery (VA) steno-occlusions (28% versus 16%), and external carotid artery stenosis (19% versus 5%) (all
P
<0.05). With comparable rates of vascular anomaly, ORV patients showed more established collateral circulations through leptomeningeal arteries, anterior communicating artery, posterior communicating artery, suboccipital/costocervical artery, and retrograde flow in ophthalmic artery. In terms of infarct topography, the frequencies of cortical or subcortical watershed infarcts were similar in both groups.

Conclusions—
ORV angiographic features and corresponding collaterals are distinct from atherosclerotic patterns at initial stroke presentation. Clinical decompensation, despite more extensive collateralization, may precipitate stroke in ORV.
Real-time Validation of Transcranial Doppler Criteria in Assessing Recanalization During Intra-arterial Procedures for Acute Ischemic Stroke An International, Multicenter Study
Authors: Tsivgoulis Georgios , Ribo Marc , Rubiera Marta , Vasdekis Spyros N. , Barlinn Kristian , Athanasiadis Dimitrios , Bavarsad Shahripour Reza , Giannopoulos Sotirios , Stamboulis Elefterios , Harrigan Mark R. , Molina Carlos A. , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose—
We sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound criteria for recanalization during real-time transcranial Doppler monitoring of intra-arterial reperfusion procedures in acute ischemic stroke patients in an international, multicenter study.

Methods—
Consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients with proximal intracranial occlusions underwent intra-arterial reperfusion procedures with simultaneous real-time transcranial Doppler monitoring at 3 tertiary-care stroke centers. Residual flow signals at the site of angiographically confirmed occlusions were monitored at a constant transtemporal insonation angle using a standard head-frame. Recanalization was assessed simultaneously by digital subtraction angiography and ultrasound using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction and thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) criteria, respectively. Independent readers blinded to digital subtraction angiography performed validation of TIBI flow grades. The interrater reliability for assessment of TIBI grades was investigated.

Results—

We evaluated time-linked real-time digital subtraction angiography transcranial Doppler images from 96 diagnostic digital subtraction angiography runs during intra-arterial reperfusion procedures in 62 acute ischemic stroke patients (mean age, 59±17 years; 58% men; median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 18 [interquartile range 12–21]; median time from symptom onset to intra-arterial procedure initiation, 240 minutes [interquartile range 163–308]). The interrater reliability for evaluation of TIBI grades and assessment of recanalization was good (Cohen
κ
: 0.838 and 0.874, respectively;
P
<0.001). Compared with angiography, transcranial Doppler had the following accuracy parameters for detection of complete recanalization (TIBI 4 and 5 versus thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3, flow grades): sensitivity, 88% (95% confidence interval, 72%–96%); specificity, 89% (79%–95%); positive predictive value, 81% (65%–91%); negative predictive value, 93% (84%–98%); and overall accuracy 89% (80%–94%).

Conclusions—
At laboratories with high-interrater reliability, TIBI criteria can accurately predict brain recanalization in real time as compared with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction angiographic scores.
Heme Iron Intake and Risk of Stroke
Authors: Kaluza Joanna , Wolk Alicja , Larsson Susanna C. 
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose—
Intake of iron, especially heme iron, has been associated with several diseases. However, epidemiological studies of heme iron and nonheme iron intake in relation to risk of stroke are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between heme iron and nonheme iron intake and stroke incidence in men.

Methods—
The population-based prospective Cohort of Swedish Men included 38 859 men, aged 45 to 79 years, who had no history of stroke, coronary heart disease, or cancer at baseline. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results—

During an 11.7 years follow-up, 3097 incident cases of stroke, including 2482 cerebral infarctions and 450 intracerebral hemorrhages, were registered. The hazard ratios of total stroke and cerebral infarction for the highest compared with the lowest quintiles of heme iron intake were 1.16 (95% CI, 1.03–1.31;
P
trend=0.037) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.00–1.31;
P
trend=0.089), respectively. The incidence rates of total stroke per 10 000 person-years were 72.6 in the lowest quintile and 84.4 in the highest. The association was confined to men with body mass index <25 kg/m
2
, the hazard ratios were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.17–1.68;
P
trend<0.001) for total stroke and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.13–1.70;
P
trend=0.001) for cerebral infarction; no association was observed among overweight and obese men. There was no association between nonheme iron intake and risk of total stroke and stroke types.

Conclusions—
Findings from this prospective study indicate that a high heme iron intake, particularly in normal weight individuals, may increase the risk of stroke.
What do the Arguments in the Protagoras Amount to?
Authors: Politis Vasilis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe main thesis of the paper is that, in the coda to theProtagoras(360e-end), Plato tells us why and with what justification he demands a definition of virtue: namely, in order to resolve a particularaporia. According to Plato’s assessment of the outcome of the arguments of the dialogue, the principal question,whether or not virtue can be taught, has, by the end of the dialogue, emerged as articulating anaporia, in that both protagonists, Socrates and Protagoras, have argued equally on both its sides. The first part of the paper provides an extensive analysis of the coda, with the aim of establishing the main thesis. The second part provides a comprehensive review of the arguments in the dialogue, with the aim of determining whether their outcome is what Plato says in the coda that it is. I undertake this review in three steps:on Plato’s conception of reasons(logoi);Socrates’ arguing on both sides;andProtagoras’ arguing on both sides.
Aristotle on the Starting-Point of Motion in the Soul
Authors: Gabbe Myrna 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In Eudemian Ethics 8.2, Aristotle posits god as the starting-point of non-rational desire (particularly for the naturally fortunate), thought, and deliberation. The questions that dominate the literature are: To what does ‘god’ refer? Is it some divine-like entity in the soul that produces thoughts and desires or is it Aristotle’s prime mover? And how does god operate as the starting-point of these activities? By providing a careful reconstruction of the context in which god is evoked, I argue against the popular deflationary reading of ‘god’, showing why Aristotle’s prime mover must be the end of these natural activities, and how it serves as a final cause for the rational and desirative parts of the soul. I contend that EE 8.2 provides evidence against the traditional notion that god operates as a final cause by drawing natural potentialities to their completion, and suggests instead that it serves as a final cause by entering into the explanation of natures and natural activities as their ultimate end.
Sacred Groves and Local Gods: Religion and Environmentalism in South India
Authors: Kent Eliza 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn recent years, environmentalists and scholars of religion have shown an enormous interest in the pan-Indian phenomenon of “sacred groves,” small forests or stands of trees whose produce is set aside for the exclusive use of a deity. This article seeks to contribute to scholarship on sacred groves by considering the meanings that Tamil villagers in the Madurai region attach to them. First, I describe the answers that people give when asked why they do not cut the trees in sacred groves: namely, the trees are the shade-giving temples or beauty-enhancing adornments of the deity. Second, I contextualize local discourse about sacred groves in the environmental and political history of the region to uncover old paradigms that inform present-day beliefs and practices. The forest gods of Tamil Nadu, I argue, are closely modeled on the pālaiyakkārars (or poligars) of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, fierce local chieftains who formed alliances with, and sometimes defied, generations of rulers seeking to subdue the region. The often violent modes of worship these gods require has evoked considerable criticism, but I believe they have a lot to teach us about how people thrived for centuries in an unusually harsh environmental milieu.
Solar Photovoltaic Energy for Mitigation of Climate Change: A Catalytic Application of Catholic Social Thought
Authors: Santini Anna , Pearce Joshua , DeSilva Jennifer 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper explores an application of Catholic theology to mitigate the current destruction of God's creation underway due to global climate destabilization. Specifically it describes the possibility of the U.S. Catholic Church adopting a systematic plan to catalyze the world energy market to shift to solar photovoltaic energy, a non-polluting renewable energy source. The science behind the ecological crisis and climate change in the context of the Catholic basis for environmental stewardship is summarized to provide a moral foundation for the plan. Then, the viability and ramifications of integrating solar photovoltaic systems in all U.S. Catholic Churches is analyzed from technical, economic, and ethical perspectives.
Transforming Agricultural Practice: Hindu Narrative and the Moral Imagination
Authors: Sanford A. Whitney 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe environmental degradation and social dislocations caused by industrial agriculture have created an urgency to rethink food production and consumption. The proliferation of farmers markets is one example of the public response to perceived problems with the existing food system, however the bewildering array of food choices suggest a need for new guidelines for food and agriculture. This paper asks how expanding the moral imagination through narrative can help us rethink human behavior in the context of agricultural practice. Agriculture is an inherently relational, and rethinking practice means revisiting metaphors and narratives that guide behavior in the biotic community. I use a Hindu agricultural narrative to think through existing practices and the narratives contexts. This story does not romanticize human relations with nature, but instead reflects power dynamics in human (and particularly gendered) relationships, and, more important, in human interactions in the biotic community. My analysis considers relevant tropes and themes, e.g. citizenship and community, so that we can ask "what stories about agriculture do we tell ourselves?" and "what stories might we be telling?" to address the current agrarian crises.
The relationships between feeding-group size and feeding rate vary from positive to negative with characteristics of food items in wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Kazahari N. , Tsuji Y. , Agetsuma N. 
Published: January 2013

To understand the costs and benefits of group-living, it is important to clarify the impacts of other individuals on foraging success. Previous studies on group-living primates have focused on the relationship between feeding-group size and feeding rate in food patches, and have exhibited inconsistent results, showing positive, neutral, or negative relationships. The relationship realized will depend on the balance of positive and negative impacts of co-feeding on feeding rate. The intensity of negative impacts (i.e., feeding competition) may vary with some characteristics of food items such as (1) patch size, (2) within-patch food density, (3) within-patch distribution pattern of food, (4) the abundance and (5) distribution pattern of within-habitat food trees, and (6) the relative energy content among available food items. Thus, the balance of positive and negative impacts of co-feeding, and ultimately the relationship between feeding-group size and feeding rate, is expected to change with characteristics of food items. In this study of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), the relationship between feeding-group size and feeding rate, and the above six characteristics of 12 main food items were assessed over six seasons. Positive, neutral, or negative relationships between feeding-group size and feeding rate were detected among these food items. Positive relationships were consistently associated with within-patch food density; higher food density within food patches was likely to lead to positive relationships. Thus, various relationships between feeding-group size and feeding rate should be attributed to these specific characteristics of food items, which alter the degree of feeding competition.
Beyond the Assimilation Fixation: Skinner and the Possibility of a Spatial Approach to Twentieth-Century Thai History
Authors: Montesano Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractG. William Skinner's early work on the Chinese of Thailand anticipated the spatial concerns that he later brought to the study of Chinese history. The present article revisits Skinner's 1957 classic “Chinese Society in Thailand” to highlight its overlooked spatial dimension and its emphasis on the role of Chinese in patterns of spatial change in Thai history. It then applies the formal approaches pioneered in Skinner's work on spatial dimensions of Chinese history to the Thai case. A two-factor regional-systems model for twentieth-century Thailand is developed in explicit imitation of Skinner's modeling of China's “macroregions.” The model illustrates long-term trends toward the tighter integration of Thailand's Bangkok-centered national-level regional system, the importance of numerous patterns of more local spatial change, the significance of extra-systemic influences on the system, and the role of Chinese as significant participants and agents in each of these processes. Results also suggest the need for further work on spatial dimensions of modern Thai and Southeast Asian history and on the role of Chinese as agents of spatial change in the region.
Opium and Social Control: Coolies on the Plantations of Peru and Cuba
Authors: Hu-DeHart Evelyn 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe place of opium in the history of the Chinese diaspora in Latin America and the Caribbean has received scant attention. This article is a preliminary attempt to look into this history, based on fragmentary evidence available. From 1847 to l874, as many as 225,000 Chinese indentured or contract laborers (coolies), almost all men, were sent to Cuba, still a Spanish colony, and newly independent Peru. Both the human trade itself, as well as work and life on the plantations, closely resembled slavery; indeed, the coolies in Cuba worked alongside African slaves. Opium was part of the coolie trade from its inception, distributed in the holding pens in South China ports, on the long, arduous voyages across the Pacific or Atlantic, as well as on the plantations. Cuban and Peruvian planters permitted, even encouraged, the sale, barter and consumption of opium by their coolies, in effect creating a mechanism of social control by alternately distributing and withholding this very addictive substance to desperate men. But this cynical use of opium might also have backfired on them, as sustained and massive ingestion lowered productivity, caused premature death (often by suicide), and resulted in high absenteeism.
Transnational Homeland Concerns and Participation in US Politics: A Comparison among Immigrants from China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong
Authors: Lien Pei-Te 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study addresses the scholarly debate between assimilation and transnationalism through analyses of public opinion data collected mainly in California and from residents of Chinese descent whose families originated from the Chinese mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and elsewhere in Asia. It explores the empirical relationship between Chinese Americans' concern about the political condition of the ethnic homelands in Asia and their patterns of political participation in the United States. Not all transnational concerns are equal. This study distinguishes between the democratic-oriented and nationalist-oriented transnational political behavior. It also separates voting registration from other types of political participation. A main argument of this study is that the relationship between political assimilation and transnational linkages depends both on the nature of the transnational political concern and on the type of political participation. Transnational political concerns are found to influence the degree of participation in regime-influence (e.g. making campaign contributions) but not system-support (e.g. voting registration) acts. Also, only those homeland concerns that are consistent with US foreign policy interests such as regarding the democratic future of Hong Kong after the 1997 transition are found to have a positive impact on participation.
The Trading Culture of Jade Stones Among the Yunnanese in Burma and Thailand, 1962–88
Authors: Chang Wen-Chin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article aims to illustrate the trading culture of jade stones by examining the social life of the traded stones in their transnational movement from Burma to Thailand during the period of the Burmese socialist regime. Drawing on the work of the well-known anthropologist, Appadurai, I adopt a perspective emphasizing processes to look into the complex intersection of economic, political, and cultural factors relating to repeated transactions. These factors include the politics of organization, the politics of knowledge, personal guts, and the uncontrollable factor of luck. The research shows that market laws entwined with intricate socio-political forces of the region were the driving force in the exercise of the trade beyond national boundaries.
Chinese Language Maintenance: A Study of Chinese-American Parental Perceptions and Activities
Authors: Yang Wenzhong Eric 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study focuses on Chinese-American parents' perceptions of their children's Chinese language use and proficiency. The sites for this study were weekend Chinese schools in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. A self-administered survey was conducted by using a random sample of 209 parents from different backgrounds. Results have indicated that these Chinese-American parents had high expectations of their children's Chinese language proficiency and tried to maintain their unique Chinese heritage and culture. When comparing parental perceptions of different groups, significant differences were found between parents of different income levels. Significant differences were also found in parental activities related to Chinese language proficiency between parents of gifted/talented students and those of average students. No significant differences were found in other groups. Bivariate Correlation analyses indicated that parental perceptions and activities were highly positively-correlated.
The Education Concerns and Political Outlook of Lim Keng Lian (1893–1968)
Authors: Lim Jason 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLim Keng Lian (1893–1968) was a prominent tea merchant in Singapore from the mid-1920s until his death. He also concerned himself with the educational needs of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya. During the 1930s and 1940s, he worked tirelessly to raise overseas Chinese awareness of the plight of China. As a supporter of the Kuomintang, he made his mark as a leading overseas Chinese representative in the party, remaining loyal even after the KMT's defeat in 1949. Despite his dedication to the welfare of the overseas Chinese, his foray into Chinese politics and his success in the tea business, Lim remains largely neglected in overseas Chinese studies. This article mainly traces his attempts at reforming overseas Chinese education in the 1930s, his work as a community leader among the Hokkien community in Malaya, his entry into Chinese politics as a wartime parliamentarian, and his brief stint as Deputy Chairman of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission in China.
The Evolution of Chinese Malaysian Entrepreneurship: From British Colonial Rule to Post-New Economic Policy
Authors: Chin Yee Whah 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMuch work has been published regarding the success of Chinese capitalism in East and Southeast Asia in the last three decades. There are two schools of thought on this important and extensive topic of how Chinese business people operate their businesses. The “cultural” school, which places an emphasis on the importance of culture, ethnicity and business networks, is being challenged by the structuralists who call attention to the role of the state and the importance of political patronage. While these two groups have contributed to a large extent to the understanding of Chinese capitalism, their approaches are fragmented in nature and do not fully explain how Chinese entrepreneurs expanded and adapted themselves in a structural-historical context. This article looks at the question of Malaysian Chinese entrepreneurship by combining considerations of structure and agency over time.
The Huaqiao in Taiwan 1895-1945: Their Ambivalent Localization
Authors: Douw Leo 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The Taiwan huaqiao are the migrants from mainland China who went to work in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945). They were mostly workers, who were ethnically akin to the local population, but had an official status as foreign migrants and were supposed to return to their country of origin. In fact many among them tended to settle permanently and as a result of the discrimination also tended to form a social underclass; their number grew to at least 60,000 in the 1930s. This article argues that they should be studied more systematically as part of Chinese foreign migration.