bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visceral white fat remodelling contributes to intermittent hypoxia-induced atherogenesis
Authors: Poulain Laureline , Thomas Amandine , Rieusset Jennifer , Casteilla Louis , Levy Patrick , Arnaud Claire , Dematteis Maurice 
Published: September 2013

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a highly prevalent disease characterised by repetitive upper airway collapse during sleep leading to intermittent hypoxia. Cardiometabolic complications of sleep apnoea have been mostly attributed to intermittent hypoxia. These consequences could be mediated through intermittent hypoxia-related alterations of the visceral white fat, as it is recognised for playing an important role in inflammation, atherogenesis and insulin resistance.Epididymal adipose tissue alterations were investigated in 20-week-old nonobese male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia (inspiratory oxygen fraction 5–21%, 60-s cycle, 8 h·day−1) or air for 6 weeks. These adipose tissue alterations, as well as metabolic alterations and aortic atherosclerosis, were then assessed in lipectomised or sham-operated mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia or air for 6 weeks.Intermittent hypoxia induced morphological (shrunken adipocytes), functional (increased uncoupling protein-1 expression) and inflammatory (increased macrophage recruitment and secretion of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α) remodelling of epididymal adipose tissue. Hypoxic mice presented more severe dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis lesions and developed insulin resistance. Epididymal lipectomy attenuated both intermittent hypoxia-induced dyslipidaemia and atherogenesis, but did not improve insulin sensitivity.Our results confirmed that the dyslipidaemic and proatherogenic effects of intermittent hypoxia are partly mediated through morphological, functional and inflammatory remodelling of visceral white fat, regardless of obesity.
Longitudinal age-and cohort trends in body mass index in Sweden – a 24-year follow-up study
Authors: Caman Ozge Karadag , Calling Susanna , Midlöv Patrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Johansson Sven-Erik 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze whether mean Body Mass Index (BMI), assessed at four occasions, changed within different age groups and birth cohorts over time, i.e., between 1980/81 and 2004/05, after adjustment for possible confounders.

Methods
A sample of 2728 men and 2770 women aged 16–71 years at study start were randomly drawn from the Swedish Total Population Register and followed from 1980/81 to 2004/05. The same sample was assessed on four occasions during the 24-year study period (i.e., every eighth year). The outcome variable, BMI, was based on self-reported height and weight. A mixed model, with random intercept and random slope, was used to estimate annual changes in BMI within the different age groups and birth cohorts.

Results
Mean BMI increased from 24.1 to 25.5 for men and from 23.1 to 24.3 for women during the 24-year study period. The annual change by age group was highest in the ages of 32–39, 40–47 and 48–55 years among men, and in the ages of 24–31, 32–39, and 40–47 years among women. The highest annual changes were found in the youngest birth cohorts for both men and women, i.e., those born 1958–65, 1966–73, and 1974–81. For each birth cohort, the annual change in BMI increased compared to the previous, i.e., older, birth cohort. In addition, age-by-cohort interaction tests revealed that the increase in BMI by increasing age was higher in the younger birth cohorts (1966–1989) than in the older ones.

Conclusions
Public health policies should target those age groups and birth cohorts with the highest increases in BMI. For example, younger birth cohorts had higher annual increases in BMI than older birth cohorts, which means that younger cohorts increased their BMI more than older ones during the study period.
Intervention to prevent further falls in older people who call an ambulance as a result of a fall: a protocol for the iPREFER randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mikolaizak A Stefanie , Simpson Paul M , Tiedemann Anne , Lord Stephen R , Caplan Gideon A , Bendall Jason C , Howard Kirsten , Close Jacqueline CT 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of falls result in an emergency call and the subsequent dispatch of paramedics. In the absence of physical injury, abnormal physiological parameters or change in usual functional status, it could be argued that routine conveyance by ambulance to the Emergency Department (ED) is not the most effective or efficient use of resources. Further, it is likely that non-conveyed older fallers have the potential to benefit from timely access to fall risk assessment and intervention. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of a timely and tailored falls assessment and management intervention on the number of subsequent falls and fall-related injuries for non-conveyed older fallers.MethodsCommunity dwelling people aged 65 years or older who are not conveyed to the ED following a fall will be eligible to be visited at home by a research physiotherapist. Consenting participants will receive individualised intervention strategies based on risk factors identified at baseline. All pre-test measures will be assessed prior to randomisation. Post-test measures will be undertaken by a researcher blinded to group allocation 6 months post-baseline. Participants in the intervention group will receive individualised pro-active fall prevention strategies from the clinical researcher to ensure that risk factors are addressed adequately and interventions carried out. The primary outcome measure will be the number of falls recorded by a falls diary over a 12 month period. Secondary outcome measures assessed six months after baseline will include the subsequent use of medical and emergency services and uptake of recommendations. Data will be analysed using the intention-to-treat principle.DiscussionAs there is currently little evidence regarding the effectiveness or feasibility of alternate models of care following ambulance non-conveyance of older fallers, there is a need to explore assessment and intervention programs to help reduce subsequent falls, related injuries and subsequent use of health care services. By linking existing services rather than setting up new services, this pragmatic trial aims to utilise the health care system in an efficient and timely manner.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry:ACTRN%2012611000503921
Change in mRNA expression of sirtuin 1 and sirtuin 3 in cats fed on high fat diet
Authors: Ishikawa Shingo , Li Gebin , Takemitsu Hiroshi , Fujiwara Megumi , Mori Nobuko , Yamamoto Ichiro , Arai Toshiro 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Mammalian sirtuins are homologs to the yeast silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), which is an NAD-dependent deacetylase. Sirtuins are comprised of 7 proteins, and each has different target proteins. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays important roles in maintaining metabolic functions and immune responses, and SIRT3 protects cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. Both SIRT1 and SIRT3 are regulated by metabolic status and aging. Hence, SIRT1 and SIRT3 have been researched in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), fatty liver, and heart diseases. Although these diseases have been increasing, there is little information about relation between the diseases and SIRT1 and SIRT3 in cats. Therefore we cloned SIRT1 and SIRT3 cDNA, examined mRNA expression in cat tissues, and investigated the changes in SIRT1 and SIRT3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocyte of cats fed on HFD for 6 weeks.

Results
Cat SIRT1 and SIRT3 contained a catalytic core region and showed high sequence homology with other vertebrate SIRT1 (>61.3%) and SIRT3 (>65.9%) amino acids. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that high expression levels were observed in the liver and skeletal muscle for SIRT1 and in the heart for SIRT3 in cats. In addition, both cat SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression levels in the pancreas were different between individuals. Cat SIRT1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes was significantly elevated in obese cats fed on HFD (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Cat SIRT1 and SIRT3 genes are highly conserved among vertebrates, and HFD feeding may be related to SIRT1 mRNA expression mechanisms in cat peripheral blood leukocytes.
Cattle movements and trypanosomes: restocking efforts and the spread of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness in post-conflict Uganda
Authors: Selby Richard , Bardosh Kevin , Picozzi Kim , Waiswa Charles , Welburn Susan C 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
The northwards spread of acute T. b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness in Uganda has been linked to cattle movements associated with restocking following the end to military conflict in 2006. This study examined the number of cattle traded from T. b. rhodesiense endemic districts, the prevalence of the parasite in cattle being traded and the level of trypanocidal treatment at livestock markets.

Methods
Between 2008 and 2009 interviews were carried out with government veterinarians from 20 districts in Uganda, 18 restocking organisations and numerous livestock traders and veterinarians. Direct observations, a review of movement permit records (2006 to 2008) and blood sampling of cattle (n = 1758) for detection of parasites were also conducted at 10 livestock markets in T. b. rhodesiense endemic districts.

Results
Records available from 8 out of 47 identified markets showed that 39.5% (5,238/13,267) of the inter-district cattle trade between mid-2006 and mid-2008 involved movement from endemic areas to pathogen-free districts. PCR analysis showed a prevalence of 17.5% T. brucei s.l. (n = 307/1758 [95% CI: 15.7-19.2]) and 1.5% T. b. rhodesiense (n = 26/1758 [95% CI: 0.9-2.0]) from these same markets. In a two-year period, between late-2006 to late-2008, an estimated 72,321 to 86,785 cattle (57, 857 by 18 restocking organisations and 10,214 to 24,679 by private traders) were imported into seven pathogen-free northern districts, including districts that were endemic for T. b. gambiense. Between 281 and 1,302 of these cattle were likely to have carried T. b. rhodesiense. While governmental organisations predominantly adhered to trypanocidal treatment, most Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and private traders did not. Inadequate market infrastructure, poor awareness, the need for payment for drug treatments, and the difficulty in enforcing a policy of treatment at point of sale contributed to non-compliance.

Conclusion
With increasing private trade, preventing the spread of Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Uganda requires government support to ensure mandatory trypanocidal treatment at livestock markets, investment in market infrastructure and possible drug subsidy. Mapping the northern reaches of T. b. rhodesiense in livestock and preparation of risk assessments for cattle trading could mitigate future outbreaks.
Association of intraoperative transfusion of blood products with mortality in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Weber Denise , Cottini Silvia R , Locher Pascal , Wenger Urs , Stehberger Paul A , Fasshauer Mario , Schuepbach Reto A , Béchir Markus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of intraoperative transfusion on postoperative mortality in lung transplant recipients is still elusive.MethodsUnivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the influence of red blood cells (RBCs) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) on mortality in 134 consecutive lung transplants recipients from September 2003 until December 2008.ResultsIntraoperative transfusion of RBCs and FFP was associated with a significant increase in mortality with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.10 (1.03 to 1.16,P= 0.02) and 1.09 (1.02 to 1.15,P= 0.03), respectively. For more than four intraoperatively transfused RBCs multivariate analysis showed a hazard ratio for mortality of 3.8 (1.40 to 10.31,P= 0.003). Furthermore, non-survivors showed a significant increase in renal replacement therapy (RRT) (36.6% versus 6.9%,P<0.0001), primary graft dysfunction (PGD) (39.3% versus 5.9%,P<0.0001), postoperative need of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (26.9% versus 3.1%,P= 0.0019), sepsis (24.2% versus 4.0%,P= 0.0004), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (26.9% versus 3.1%,P<0.0001), infections (18.1% versus 0.9%,P= 0.0004), retransplantation (12.1% versus 6.9%,P= 0.039) and readmission to the ICU (33.3% versus 12.8%,P= 0.024).ConclusionsIntraoperative transfusion is associated with a strong negative influence on outcome in lung transplant recipients.
Quantitative measures of estrogen receptor expression in relation to breast cancer-specific mortality risk among white women and black women
Authors: Ma Huiyan , Lu Yani , Marchbanks Polly A , Folger Suzanne G , Strom Brian L , McDonald Jill A , Simon Michael S , Weiss Linda K , Malone Kathleen E , Burkman Ronald T , Sullivan-Halley Jane , Deapen Dennis M , Press Michael F , Bernstein Leslie 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The association of breast cancer patients’ mortality with estrogen receptor (ER) status (ER + versus ER-) has been well studied. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between the quantitative measures of ER expression and mortality.

Methods
We evaluated the association between semi-quantitative, immunohistochemical staining of ER in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast carcinomas and breast cancer-specific mortality risk in an observational cohort of invasive breast cancer in 681 white women and 523 black women ages 35-64 years at first diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, who were followed for a median of 10 years. The quantitative measures of ER examined here included the percentage of tumor cell nuclei positively stained for ER, ER Histo (H)-score, and a score based on an adaptation of an equation presented by Cuzick and colleagues, which combines weighted values of ER H-score, percentage of tumor cell nuclei positively stained for the progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) results. This is referred to as the ER/PR/HER2 score.

Results
After controlling for age at diagnosis, race, study site, tumor stage, and histologic grade in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, both percentage of tumor cell nuclei positively stained for ER (Ptrend = 0.0003) and the ER H-score (Ptrend = 0.0004) were inversely associated with breast cancer-specific mortality risk. The ER/PR/HER2 score was positively associated with breast cancer-specific mortality risk in women with ER + tumor (Ptrend = 0.001). Analyses by race revealed that ER positivity was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer-specific mortality in white women and black women. The two quantitative measures for ER alone provided additional discrimination in breast cancer-specific mortality risk only among white women with ER + tumors (both Ptrend ≤ 0.01) while the ER/PR/HER2 score provided additional discrimination for both white women (Ptrend = 0.01) and black women (Ptrend = 0.03) with ER + tumors.

Conclusions
Our data support quantitative immunohistochemical measures of ER, especially the ER/PR/HER2 score, as a more precise predictor for breast cancer-specific mortality risk than a simple determination of ER positivity.
A SNP profiling panel for sample tracking in whole-exome sequencing studies
Authors: Pengelly Reuben J , Gibson Jane , Andreoletti Gaia , Collins Andrew , Mattocks Christopher J , Ennis Sarah 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWhole-exome sequencing provides a cost-effective means to sequence protein coding regions within the genome, which are significantly enriched for etiological variants. We describe a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to facilitate the validation of data provenance in whole-exome sequencing studies. This is particularly significant where multiple processing steps necessitate transfer of sample custody between clinical, laboratory and bioinformatics facilities. SNPs captured by all commonly used exome enrichment kits were identified, and filtered for possible confounding properties. The optimised panel provides a simple, yet powerful, method for the assignment of intrinsic, highly discriminatory identifiers to genetic samples.
Serum acute phase reactants hallmark healthy individuals at risk for acetaminophen-induced liver injury
Authors: Borlak Jürgen , Chatterji Bijon , Londhe Kishor B , Watkins Paul B 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Background
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used analgesic. However, its use is associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). It is a prominent cause of acute liver failure, with APAP hepatotoxicity far exceeding other causes of acute liver failure in the United States. In order to improve its safe use this study aimed to identify individuals at risk for DILI prior to drug treatment by searching for non-genetic serum markers in healthy subjects susceptible to APAP-induced liver injury (AILI).

Methods
Healthy volunteers (n = 36) received either placebo or acetaminophen at the maximum daily dose of 4 g for 7 days. Blood samples were taken prior to and after APAP treatment. Serum proteomic profiling was done by 2D SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Additionally, the proteins C-reactive protein, haptoglobin and hemopexin were studied by quantitative immunoassays.

Results
One-third of study subjects presented more than four-fold increased alanine transaminase activity to evidence liver injury, while serum proteomics informed on 20 proteins as significantly regulated. These function primarily in acute phase and immune response. Pre-treatment associations included C-reactive protein, haptoglobin isoforms and retinol binding protein being up to six-fold higher in AILI susceptible individuals, whereas alpha1-antitrypsin, serum amyloid A, kininogen and transtyretin were regulated by nearly five-fold in AILI responders. When compared with published findings for steatohepatitis and cases of hepatocellular, cholestatic and mixed DILI, 10 proteins were identified as uniquely associated with risk for AILI, including plasminogen. Notably, this zymogen facilitates macrophage chemotactic migration and inflammatory response as reported for plasminogen-deficient mice shown to be resistant to APAP hepatotoxicity. Finally, analysis of a publicly available database of gene expression profiles of cultures of human hepatocytes treated with drugs labeled as no- (n = 8), low- (n = 45) or most-DILI-concern (n = 39) confirmed regulation of the identified biomarkers to demonstrate utility in predicting risk for liver injury.

Conclusions
The significant regulation of acute phase reactants points to an important link between AILI and the immune system. Monitoring of serum acute phase reactants prior to drug treatment may contribute to prevention and management of AILI, and may also be of utility for other drugs with known liver liabilities.
A Novel Data-Driven Approach to Preoperative Mapping of Functional Cortex Using Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Mitchell Timothy J. , Hacker Carl D. , Breshears Jonathan D. , Szrama Nick P. , Sharma Mohit , Bundy David T. , Pahwa Mrinal , Corbetta Maurizio , Snyder Abraham Z. , Shimony Joshua S. , Leuthardt Eric C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Recent findings associated with resting-state cortical networks have provided insight into the brain's organizational structure. In addition to their neuroscientific implications, the networks identified by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) may prove useful for clinical brain mapping.

OBJECTIVE:
To demonstrate that a data-driven approach to analyze resting-state networks (RSNs) is useful in identifying regions classically understood to be eloquent cortex as well as other functional networks.

METHODS:
This study included 6 patients undergoing surgical treatment for intractable epilepsy and 7 patients undergoing tumor resection. rs-fMRI data were obtained before surgery and 7 canonical RSNs were identified by an artificial neural network algorithm. Of these 7, the motor and language networks were then compared with electrocortical stimulation (ECS) as the gold standard in the epilepsy patients. The sensitivity and specificity for identifying these eloquent sites were calculated at varying thresholds, which yielded receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their associated area under the curve (AUC). RSNs were plotted in the tumor patients to observe RSN distortions in altered anatomy.

RESULTS:
The algorithm robustly identified all networks in all patients, including those with distorted anatomy. When all ECS-positive sites were considered for motor and language, rs-fMRI had AUCs of 0.80 and 0.64, respectively. When the ECS-positive sites were analyzed pairwise, rs-fMRI had AUCs of 0.89 and 0.76 for motor and language, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
A data-driven approach to rs-fMRI may be a new and efficient method for preoperative localization of numerous functional brain regions.
Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) brain cells respond to hyperosmotic challenge by inducingmyo-inositol biosynthesis
Authors: Gardell Alison M. , Yang Jun , Sacchi Romina , Fangue Nann A. , Hammock Bruce D. , Kültz Dietmar 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the regulation of the de novo myo-inositol biosynthetic (MIB) pathway in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) brain following acute (25 parts per thousand (ppt)) and chronic (30, 60, 90ppt) salinity acclimations. The MIB pathway plays an important role in cells for accumulating the compatible osmolyte, myo-inositol, in response to hyperosmotic challenge and consists of two enzymes, myo-inositol phosphate synthase and inositol monophosphatase. In tilapia brain, MIB enzyme transcriptional regulation was found to robustly increase in a time (acute acclimation) or dose (chronic acclimation) dependent manner. Blood plasma osmolality, Na+, and Cl- concentrations were also measured and found to significantly increase in response to both acute and chronic salinity challenges. Interestingly, highly significant positive correlations were found between MIB enzyme mRNA and blood plasma osmolality in both acute and chronic salinity acclimations. Additionally, a mass spectrometry assay was established and used to quantify total myo-inositol concentration in tilapia brain, which closely mirrored the hyperosmotic MIB pathway induction. Thus, myo-inositol is a major compatible osmolyte that is accumulated in brain cells when exposed to acute and chronic hyperosmotic challenge. These data show that the MIB pathway is highly induced in response to environmental salinity challenge in tilapia brain and that this induction is likely prompted by increases in blood plasma osmolality. Because the MIB pathway uses glucose-6-phsosphate as a substrate and large amounts of myo-inositol are being synthesized, our data also illustrate that the MIB pathway likely contributes to the high energetic demand posed by salinity challenge.