bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variants in both the N- or C-terminal domains of IHH lead to defective secretion causing short stature and skeletal defects
Authors: Díaz-González Francisca , Sentchordi-Montané Lucía , Lucas-Castro Elsa , Modamio-Høybjør Silvia , Heath Karen E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Heterozygous Indian Hedgehog gene (IHH) variants are associated with brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1). However, in recent years, numerous variants have been identified in patients with short stature and more variable forms of brachydactyly. Many are located in the C-terminal domain of IHH (IHH-C), which lacks signaling activity but is critical for auto-cleavage and activation of the N-terminal (IHH-N) peptide. The absence of functional studies of IHH variants, particularly for those located in IHH-C, has led to these variants being classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS).

Objective
To establish a simple functional assay to determine the pathogenicity of IHH VUS and confirm that variants in the C-terminal domain affect protein function.

Design/Methods
In vitro studies were performed for 9 IHH heterozygous variants, to test their effect on secretion and IHH intracellular processing by western blot of cells expressing each variant.

Results
IHH secretion was significantly reduced in all mutants, regardless of the location. Similarly, intracellular levels of N-terminal and C-terminal IHH peptides were severely reduced in comparison with the control. Two variants present at a relatively high frequency in the general population also reduced secretion but to a lesser degree in the heterozygous state.

Conclusions
These studies provide the first evidence that variants in the C-terminal domain affect the secretion capacity of IHH and thus, reduce availability of IHH ligand, resulting in short stature and mild skeletal defects. The secretion assay permits a relatively easy test to determine the pathogenicity of IHH variants. All studied variants affected secretion and interestingly, more frequent population variants appear to have a deleterious effect and thus contribute to height variation.
Feasibility study on atrial fibrillation ablation with pulsed field ablation and concomitant occlusion of the left atrial appendage
Authors: Beney Jennifer , Galea Roberto , Siontis Georgios , Gräni Christoph , Kueffer Thomas , Brugger Nicolas , Reichlin Tobias , Räber Lorenz , Roten Laurent 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) are increasingly performed as individual procedures. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has significantly reduced procedure duration and may be advantageous for the combined approach.

Methods and results
We have launched a programme for simultaneous AF ablation using PFA and LAAO for patients qualifying for both treatments and excluding those with a complex anatomy. We compare procedure duration and fluoroscopy time against individual procedures (either AF ablation or LAAO alone), all performed by the same operators and using consistent technologies. We performed the combined procedure in 10 patients (50% males; median age 70 years) and excluded 2 patients (17%) because of a complex left atrial appendage anatomy. No death, stroke, or major bleeding events, including pericardial effusion, occurred. For single-procedure comparison, 207 AF ablation procedures and 61 LAAO procedures were available. The total median procedure duration was 79 min (range 60–125) for the combined procedure, 71 min (25–241) for individual AF ablation (51 min without and 78 min with 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping), and 47 min (15–162) for individual LAAO. The respective fluoroscopy times were 21 (15–26), 15 (5–44), and 10 (3–50) min. For the combined procedure, femoral vein access to last PFA application lasted 49 min (34–93) and LAAO added 20 min (15–37).

Conclusion
Simultaneous PFA-based AF ablation and LAAO in carefully selected patients is feasible and safe and can be executed within a short overall procedure duration.
A common ericoid shrub modulates the diversity and structure of fungal communities across an arbuscular to ectomycorrhizal tree dominance gradient
Authors: Polussa Alexander , Ward Elisabeth B , Bradford Mark A , Oliverio Angela M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Differences between arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees strongly influence forest ecosystem processes, in part through their impact on saprotrophic fungal communities. Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs likely also impact saprotrophic communities given that they can shape nutrient cycling by slowing decomposition rates and intensifying nitrogen limitation. We investigated the depth distributions of saprotrophic and EcM fungal communities in paired subplots with and without a common understory ErM shrub, mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.), across an AM to EcM tree dominance gradient in a temperate forest by analyzing soils from the organic, upper mineral (0–10 cm), and lower mineral (cumulative depth of 30 cm) horizons. The presence of K. latifolia was strongly associated with the taxonomic and functional composition of saprotrophic and EcM communities. Saprotrophic richness was consistently lower in the Oa horizon when this ErM shrub species was present. However, in AM tree-dominated plots, the presence of the ErM shrub was associated with a higher relative abundance of saprotrophs. Given that EcM trees suppress both the diversity and relative abundance of saprotrophic communities, our results suggest that separate consideration of ErM shrubs and EcM trees may be necessary when assessing the impacts of plant mycorrhizal associations on belowground communities.
Ambient noise imaging for municipal solid waste landfill structure detection based on the common-midpoint two-station analysis with distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Chen Hepu , Sun Shangrao , Li Fangyu , Cao Danping , Xu Kaijun , Yin Bingxiang , Yin Jiaojian , He Yongbo 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) enables high-density sampling of seismic wavefields at low cost compared to conventional geophones. This capability facilitates structural detection of a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, which is important for protecting the surrounding ecosystem. However, processing the vast amount of data from DAS array for ambient noise imaging can be computationally intensive. To address this, we employed the common-midpoint two-station (CMP-TS) analysis to enhance the efficiency of ambient noise imaging in the MSW landfill. CMP-TS analysis involves selecting pairs of traces at equal distances on both sides with the subarray midpoint as symmetry, which reduces the number of DAS array recordings for cross-correlation calculations. After positioning the DAS arrays linearly on top of the MSW landfill to automatically collect ambient noise, we used the CMP-TS analysis in the cross-correlation calculations to speed up the measurement of dispersion. The S-wave velocity structure of the study region was obtained quickly by inverting the extracted dispersion curves using the gradient optimization method. Ambient noise imaging based on CMP-TS analysis with DAS was applied to a test of an area-type MSW landfill. The resulting S-wave velocity section revealed a discontinuous low-velocity zone, validated by the high-density resistivity method. This low-velocity zone was interpreted as containing leachate from waste decomposition, and its discontinuity may be caused by excessive differences in the waste residues settling rates under compaction. Employing CMP-TS analysis in ambient noise data collected by DAS offers more cost-effective monitoring and a reliable basis for environmental pollution prevention and control.
Physicians working with physician assistants and nurse practitioners: perceived effects on clinical practice
Authors: Hu Xiaochu , Coplan Bettie , Barnes Hilary , Smith Noël , Essary Alison , Dill Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Physicians in the United States are increasingly working with physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs), but little is known about how they perceive working with PAs and NPs affects their clinical practice. We used a new national survey to examine physicians’ perceptions of working with PAs and/or NPs on their patient volume, care quality, time use, and workload. Among our analytical sample of 5823 physicians, 59% reported working with PAs and/or NPs. Most reported that PAs and NPs positively affected their clinical practice. Among several findings, physicians working in medical schools and with higher incomes were more likely to indicate that PAs improve their clinical practices in all 4 aspects, while being in specialties with higher women's representation was associated with lower ratings for working with PAs. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander physicians and those with higher incomes were more likely to signify that NPs improved their clinical practices in all 4 aspects. These findings provide valuable insights, from the physicians’ perspective, on care delivery reform.
Understanding ethnic inequities associated with tobacco use in Aotearoa New Zealand: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Gurram Niveditha , Carroll Felix , Elers Christine Ngā Hau , Fox Ririwai , Minster Sara Tepaeru , Wikaire Erena , Brown Lynsey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite the inclusion of both individual interventions and population-based measures in the Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa NZ) Tobacco Control Programme, the gap between Māori, Pacific peoples and European/Asian/Other (EAO) populations in tobacco use has not decreased significantly. Tobacco control interventions that focus on individual behaviour change have produced little impact towards reducing tobacco smoking inequities for Māori and Pacific peoples in Aotearoa NZ. Using data from the New Zealand Health Survey (NZHS), this research investigates the impact of the wider determinants of health and individual-level factors on inequities in tobacco use between Māori, Pacific peoples and EAO. A conceptual framework was developed to support the theoretical positioning of this research and to inform data categorization, framing, discourse, analyses and interpretation. We conducted hierarchical regression to examine the effect of factors from each domain on ethnic inequities in tobacco use. We found that socioeconomic factors accounted for a significant amount of the disparity in adults currently smoking between Māori and Pacific peoples and EAO. Our results suggest that socioeconomic factors may be a more effective target of intervention than individual behaviours for reducing tobacco-related inequities. Addressing the broader determinants of health through comprehensive cross-agency cooperation to reduce ethnic inequities in tobacco use in Aotearoa NZ is likely to be more effective than individual behaviour change approaches.
Convexity of shock polars
Authors: Elling Volker W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We show that the shock polars of compressible full potential flow are strictly convex if the enthalpy per mass is a convex function of volume per mass, in particular when the sound speed is a non-decreasing function of density. Counterexamples are given for some cases that violate the condition on enthalpy. For the full Euler equations with convex equation of state satisfying the ideal gas law, polars are strictly convex if heat capacity is constant, but counterexamples are given in variable cases, showing no useful generalizations are possible.
Asymptotically compatible energy of variable-step fractional BDF2 scheme for the time-fractional Cahn–Hilliard model
Authors: Liao Hong-lin , Liu Nan , Zhao Xuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A novel discrete gradient structure of the variable-step fractional BDF2 formula approximating the Caputo fractional derivative of order $\alpha \in (0,1)$ is constructed by a local-nonlocal splitting technique, that is, the fractional BDF2 formula is split into a local part analogue to the two-step backward differentiation formula (BDF2) of the first derivative and a nonlocal part analogue to the L1-type formula of the Caputo derivative. Then a local discrete energy dissipation law of the variable-step fractional BDF2 implicit scheme is established for the time-fractional Cahn–Hilliard model under a weak step-ratio constraint $0.3960\le \tau _{k}/\tau _{k-1}&lt;r^{*}(\alpha )$, where $\tau _{k}$ is the $k$th time-step size and $r^{*}(\alpha )\ge 4.660$ for $\alpha \in (0,1)$. The present result provides a practical answer to the open problem in [SINUM, 57: 218-237, Remark 6] and significantly relaxes the severe step-ratio restriction [Math. Comp., 90: 19–40, Theorem 3.2]. More interestingly, the discrete energy and the corresponding energy dissipation law are asymptotically compatible with the associated discrete energy and the energy dissipation law of the variable-step BDF2 method for the classical Cahn–Hilliard equation, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, such type energy dissipation law is established at the first time for the variable-step L2 type formula of Caputo’s derivative. Numerical examples with an adaptive stepping procedure are provided to demonstrate the accuracy and the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Concentration–resistance relationship and PK/PD evaluation of danofloxacin against emergence of resistant Pasteurella multocida in an in vitro dynamic model
Authors: Lu Ting-Yin , Sun Zhen , Liang Liu-Yan , Zhang Jing , Guo Wen-Long , Wang Zi-Ye , Sun Jian , Liao Xiao-Ping , Zhou Yu-Feng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets of danofloxacin to minimize the risk of selecting resistant Pasteurella multocida mutants and to identify the mechanisms underlying their resistance in an in vitro dynamic model, attaining the optimum dosing regimen of danofloxacin to improve its clinical efficacy based on the mutant selection window (MSW) hypothesis.

Methods and Results
Danofloxacin at seven dosing regimens and 5 days of treatment were simulated to quantify the bactericidal kinetics and enrichment of resistant mutants upon continuous antibiotic exposure. The magnitudes of PK/PD targets associated with different efficacies were determined in the model. The 24 h area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratios (AUC24h/MIC) of danofloxacin associated with bacteriostatic, bactericidal and eradication effects against P. multocida were 34, 52, and 64 h. This translates to average danofloxacin concentrations (Cav) over 24 h being 1.42, 2.17, and 2.67 times the MIC, respectively. An AUC/MIC-dependent antibacterial efficacy and AUC/mutant prevention concentration (MPC)-dependent enrichment of P. multocida mutants in which maximum losses in danofloxacin susceptibility occurred at a simulated AUC24h/MIC ratio of 72 h (i.e. Cav of three times the MIC). The overexpression of efflux pumps (acrAB-tolC) and their regulatory genes (marA, soxS, and ramA) was associated with reduced susceptibility in danofloxacin-exposed P. multocida. The AUC24h/MPC ratio of 19 h (i.e. Cav of 0.8 times the MPC) was determined to be the minimum mutant prevention target value for the selection of resistant P. multocida mutants.

Conclusions
The emergence of P. multocida resistance to danofloxacin exhibited a concentration-dependent pattern and was consistent with the MSW hypothesis. The current clinical dosing regimen of danofloxacin (2.5 mg kg−1) may have a risk of treatment failure due to inducible fluoroquinolone resistance.
Yttrium immobilization through biomineralization with phosphate by the resistant strain Mesorhizobium qingshengii J19
Authors: Coimbra Carina , Branco Rita , da Silva Pedro S P , Paixão José A , Martins Jean M F , Spadini Lorenzo , Morais Paula V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Yttrium (Y) holds significant industrial and economic importance, being listed as a critical element on the European list of critical elements, thus emphasizing the high priority for its recovery. Bacterial strategies play a crucial role in the biorecovery of metals, offering a promising and environmentally friendly approach. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind bacterial resistance, as well as the processes of bioaccumulation and biotransformation, is of paramount importance.

Methods and results
A total of 207 Alphaproteobacteria strains from the University of Coimbra Bacteria Culture Collection were tested for Y-resistance. Among these, strain Mesorhizobium qingshengii J19 exhibited high resistance (up to 4 mM Y) and remarkable Y accumulation capacity, particularly in the cell membrane. Electron microscopy revealed Y-phosphate interactions, while X-ray diffraction identified Y(PO3)3·9H2O biocrystals produced by J19 cells.

Conclusion
This study elucidates Y immobilization through biomineralization within phosphate biocrystals using M. qingshengii J19 cells.
Bridging the gap in author names: building an enhanced author name dataset for biomedical literature system
Authors: Zhang Li , Song Ningyuan , Gui Sisi , Wu Keye , Lu Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAuthor name incompleteness, referring to only first initial available instead of full first name, is a long-standing problem in MEDLINE and has a negative impact on biomedical literature systems. The purpose of this study is to create an Enhanced Author Names (EAN) dataset for MEDLINE that maximizes the number of complete author names.Materials and methodsThe EAN dataset is built based on a large-scale name comparison and restoration with author names collected from multiple literature databases such as MEDLINE, Microsoft Academic Graph, and Semantic Scholar. We assess the impact of EAN on biomedical literature systems by conducting comparative and statistical analyses between EAN and MEDLINE’s author names dataset (MAN) on 2 important tasks, author name search and author name disambiguation.ResultsEvaluation results show that EAN improves the number of full author names in MEDLINE from 69.73 million to 110.9 million. EAN not only restores a substantial number of abbreviated names prior to the year 2002 when the NLM changed its author name indexing policy but also improves the availability of full author names in articles published afterward. The evaluation of the author name search and author name disambiguation tasks reveal that EAN is able to significantly enhance both tasks compared to MAN.ConclusionThe extensive coverage of full names in EAN suggests that the name incompleteness issue can be largely mitigated. This has significant implications for the development of an improved biomedical literature system. EAN is available at https://zenodo.org/record/10251358, and an updated version is available at https://zenodo.org/records/10663234.
Using large language model to guide patients to create efficient and comprehensive clinical care message
Authors: Liu Siru , Wright Aileen P , Mccoy Allison B , Huang Sean S , Genkins Julian Z , Peterson Josh F , Kumah-Crystal Yaa A , Martinez William , Carew Babatunde , Mize Dara , Steitz Bryan , Wright Adam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage with patients at the time they are drafting a question to their healthcare providers, and generate pertinent follow-up questions that the patient can answer before sending their message, with the goal of ensuring that their healthcare provider receives all the information they need to safely and accurately answer the patient’s question, eliminating back-and-forth messaging, and the associated delays and frustrations.

Methods
We collected a dataset of patient messages sent between January 1, 2022 to March 7, 2023 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Two internal medicine physicians identified 7 common scenarios. We used 3 LLMs to generate follow-up questions: (1) Comprehensive LLM Artificial Intelligence Responder (CLAIR): a locally fine-tuned LLM, (2) GPT4 with a simple prompt, and (3) GPT4 with a complex prompt. Five physicians rated them with the actual follow-ups written by healthcare providers on clarity, completeness, conciseness, and utility.

Results
For five scenarios, our CLAIR model had the best performance. The GPT4 model received higher scores for utility and completeness but lower scores for clarity and conciseness. CLAIR generated follow-up questions with similar clarity and conciseness as the actual follow-ups written by healthcare providers, with higher utility than healthcare providers and GPT4, and lower completeness than GPT4, but better than healthcare providers.

Conclusion
LLMs can generate follow-up patient messages designed to clarify a medical question that compares favorably to those generated by healthcare providers.
Computational investigation of methanol-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching cylinder with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux
Authors: Farooq Umar , Liu Haihu , Basem Ali , Fatima Nahid , Alhushaybari Abdullah , Imran Muhammad , Ali Naim Ben , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates heat transfer rates in (AA7075-AA7072/Methanol) hybrid nanofluid flows, considering non-uniform heat sources and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, with significant implications for aerospace engineering by enhancing thermal management in aircraft engines. The findings could revolutionize automotive cooling system efficiency, optimize heat dissipation in electronic devices, and advance the design of renewable energy systems such as concentrated solar power plants. The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of (AA7075/Methanol) nanofluid and (AA7075-AA7072/Methanol) hybrid nanofluid flow, examining heat transfer rates, non-uniform heat sources, and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory around a stretching cylinder. Thermal radiation and the Biot number are also evaluated. Two different nanoparticles, AA7072 and AA7075, are used with methanol to create AA7075/Methanol nanofluid and AA7075-AA7072/Methanol hybrid nanofluid. The study compresses the resultant non-linear partial differential equation system and applies suitable similarity transformations to reduce the governing partial differential equations with boundary conditions to dimensionless form. The BVP4C shooting method in MATLAB is employed to numerically and graphically solve these dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The results indicate that higher curvature parameter values correlate with increased velocity and temperature distribution profiles. A rise in nanoparticle volume fraction reduces the radial velocity profile but increases the temperature profile. Temperature distribution profiles increase with higher thermal radiation parameter and Biot number values, while higher thermal relaxation parameter values decrease temperature. Additionally, thermal distribution profiles rise with increasing values of both the time-dependent heat source constant and space-dependent heat source parameter.
Regulating Platform Fees
Authors: Wang Chengsi , Wright Julian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider platforms that help consumers discover and transact with suppliers. Such platforms have come to dominate many sectors of the economy, raising issues about the high fees they charge suppliers, especially since they tend to commoditize the suppliers they aggregate. We show that in a baseline setting, the efficient platform fee is determined by a simple formula: it equals the platform’s marginal cost plus the difference between suppliers’ markups on the direct channel and suppliers’ markups on the platform. We explore the extent to which this simple formula provides a robust cap for regulating the platform’s fee more generally.