bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoactivin Promotes Osteoblast Adhesion Through HSPG and αvβ1 Integrin
Authors: Moussa Fouad M. , Hisijara Israel Arango , Sondag Gregory R. , Scott Ethan M. , Frara Nagat , Abdelmagid Samir M. , Safadi Fayez F. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTOsteoactivin (OA), also known as glycoprotein nmb (gpnmb) plays an important role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation and function. OA induced osteoblast differentiation and function in vitro by stimulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin production, nodule formation, and matrix mineralization. Recent studies reported a role for OA in cell adhesion and integrin binding. In this study, we demonstrate that recombinant osteoactivin (rOA) as a matricellular protein stimulated adhesion, spreading and differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells through binding to αvβ1 integrin and heparan sulfated proteoglycans (HSPGs). MC3T3‐E1 cell adhesion to rOA was blocked by neutralizing anti‐OA or anti‐αv and β1 integrin antibodies. rOA stimulated‐osteoblast adhesion was also inhibited by soluble heparin and sodium chlorate. Interestingly, rOA stimulated‐osteoblast adhesion promoted an increase in FAK and ERK activation, resulting in the formation of focal adhesions, cell spreading and enhanced actin cytoskeleton organization. In addition, differentiation of primary osteoblasts was augmented on rOA coated‐wells marked by increased alkaline phosphatase staining and activity. Taken together, these data implicate OA as a matricellular protein that stimulates osteoblast adhesion through binding to αvβ1 integrin and cell surface HSPGs, resulting in increased cell spreading, actin reorganization, and osteoblast differentiation with emphasis on the positive role of OA in osteogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1243–1253, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protective Action of Liraglutide in Beta Cells Under Lipotoxic Stress Via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Pathway
Authors: Shao Shiying , Nie Mingbo , Chen Cai , Chen Xi , Zhang Muxun , Yuan Gang , Yu Xuefeng , Yang Yan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLiraglutide, a modified form of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), has been found to improve beta cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the effect of liraglutide on beta cell function under lipotoxic stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling in liraglutide‑involved beta cell protection in high free fatty acids (FFAs) condition. The apoptosis, proliferation, and insulin secretion capability of MIN6 cells and islets from C57BL/6J mice were evaluated when exposed to FFAs with/without liraglutide. The expression of effectors involved in PI3K/Akt/FoxO1signalling pathway was detected by real‐time PCR and western blotting in MIN6 cells and islets from C57BL/6J mice. Liraglutide substantially inhibited the lipoapoptosis and improved the proliferation and insulin secretion of beta cells in high FFAs condition. Western blot revealed that the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 was markedly decreased under lipid stress but was elevated when treated with liraglutide. Moreover, FFAs could up‐regulate the expression levels of p27, Bax, Cidea but down‐regulate the expression levels of Pdx‐1, MafA, and NeuroD in beta cells, which was canceled by the addition of liraglutide. Moreover, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, could significantly abrogate all the protective actions of liraglutide against lipotoxicity. We concluded that liraglutide markedly improved beta cell function under lipid stress and that the protective action of liraglutide was mediated by activation of PI3K/Akt, which resulted in inactivation of FoxO1 along with the down‐regulation of p27, Bax, Cidea and up‐regulation of Pdx‐1, MafA, and NeuroD expressions. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1166–1175, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of major type‐B trichothecenes and the de‐epoxy metabolite of deoxynivalenol in chicken tissues by HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Xu Lixiao , Zhang Guijun , Guo Chunna , Zhang Yaping , Zhang Yi , Zheng Jianlong , Yang Haicui , Yang Dexue , He Limin , Zeng Zhenling , Fang Binghu 
Published: January 2014

In this study, a specific and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of type‐B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol, and 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol) and the de‐epoxy metabolite of deoxynivalenol (de‐epoxy‐deoxynivalenol) in chicken muscle, liver, kidney, and fat tissues was developed and validated. The method involved an extraction step using ethyl acetate, followed by the evaporation of the supernatant, which was further purified by an Oasis HLB SPE cartridge (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column by detection with MS in multiple‐reaction monitoring mode and using a gradient elution program with 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol. The correlation coefficients (r) for each calibration curve were >0.99 within the experimental concentration range. The extraction recoveries ranged from 73.7 to 106.4%, with intraday and interday RSD < 11.6% at three levels of concentrations of 2, 10, and 100 μg/kg. The decision limits and the detection capabilities of the analytes in the chicken tissues ranged from 0.16 to 0.92 and 0.68 to 2.07 μg/kg, respectively. The results demonstrated the applicability of this sensitive procedure to the determination of trichothecenes in chicken tissue samples.
Cell surfactomes of two endometrial epithelial cell lines that differ in their adhesiveness to embryonic cells
Authors: Bhagwat Sonali R. , Redij Tejashree , Phalnikar Kruttika , Nayak Sumeet , Iyer Swati , Gadkar Sushama , Chaudhari Uddhav , Kholkute Sanjeeva D. , Sachdeva Geetanjali 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYAdhesiveness of the endometrial epithelium to an embryo plays a critical role in the initiation of pregnancy. Loss or gain of adhesiveness also dictates the potential of endometrial epithelial cells to metastasize, an event that can result from certain genetic insults. A proteomics‐based exploration of the “adhesiveness” these epithelial cells was employed that could identify targets that could disrupt embryo–endometrium interactions and/or metastasis of endometrial cancer cells. The present study defined the surfactomes of two human endometrial epithelial cell lines known for their differential adhesiveness to embryonic cells. Comparative, two‐dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the surfactomes of RL95‐2 (exhibiting higher adhesiveness to the embryonic cell line JAr) and HEC‐1A (exhibiting reduced adhesiveness to JAr cells) revealed 55 differentially enriched proteins. Of these, 10 proteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF or LC–MS/MS. TUBB2C, ADAMTS3, and elongation factor beta were more abundant on the HEC‐1A cell surface whereas HSP27, HSPA9, GP96, CRT, Tapasin‐ERP57, PDI, and β‐actin were more abundant on the RL95‐2 cell surface. Nano LC–MS/MS was also employed to generate a more comprehensive surfactomes of RL95‐2 and HEC‐1A. The study also demonstrated a pro‐adhesive role of CRT and HSPA9 and an anti‐adhesive role of TUBB2C populations found on the cell surface. In brief, this study identifies the cell‐surface protein complements of two human endometrial epithelial cell lines, and reveals the role of three proteins in heterotypic cell adhesion. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 326–340, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of peripheral sudomotor sensitivity to acetylcholine in endurance and non‐endurance trained male subjects
Authors: Shin Young Oh , Lee Jeong Beom 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We investigated the effect of endurance and non‐endurance training on peripheral sudomotor sensitivity. Methods: The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) was performed. Results: Endurance‐trained subjects (ET, long‐distance runners) had a significantly shorter onset time of sweating, greater sweat volume, increased density of activated sweat glands and sweat gland output per single activated gland, greater volume of transepidermal water loss, and higher skin temperature compared with those in the other 2 groups [non–endurance‐trained group (NET), sedentary control group (CT)]. NET subjects (baseball players) had a tendency to increase in these variables; thus, some values were greater than control subjects. Conclusions: These results suggest that endurance training much more effectively modifies sudomotor sensitivity than non‐endurance training. Muscle Nerve 50: 407–412, 2014
Knee extensor fatigue resistance of young and older men and women performing sustained and brief intermittent isometric contractions
Authors: Mcphee Jamie S. , Maden‐Wilkinson Thomas M. , Narici Marco V. , Jones David A. , Degens Hans 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Susceptibility to muscle fatigue during aging could depend on muscle activation patterns. Methods: Young (mean age, 22 years) and older (mean age 70 years) men and women completed two fatigue tests of knee extensor muscles using voluntary and electrically stimulated contractions. Results: Older subjects displayed a shift to the left of the torque‐frequency relationship and held a sustained voluntary isometric contraction at 50% maximal strength for significantly longer than young (P < 0.001). Young and old showed similar fatigue during electrically induced, intermittent isometric contractions (1‐s on, 1‐s off for 2 min), but women fatigued less than men (P = 0.001). Stronger muscles fatigued more quickly, and slower contractile properties were associated with longer sustained contractions. Conclusions: The slowing and weakness of older muscle was associated with superior fatigue resistance during sustained isometric contractions. Young and old showed similar fatigue following a series of brief, intermittent contractions, but women fatigued less than men. Muscle Nerve 50: 393–400, 2014
Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 in lung cancer
Authors: Ali‐Labib Randa , Louka Manal Louis , Galal Iman Hassan El‐Sayed , Tarek Marwa 
Published: January 2014

PurposeThere is an obvious need to diagnose lung cancer using novel noninvasive and sensitive biomarkers. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare sputum matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) in relation to serum MMP‐2 of lung cancer patients and other nonmalignant lung diseases in order to establish a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker with a valid noninvasive technique.Experimental designGroup 1 included 32 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and group 2 included 20 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. In addition, 38 healthy subjects served as control group. MMP‐2 activity levels were evaluated in serum and sputum samples of the studied groups using ELISA and zymography techniques.ResultsThere was a highly significant increase in serum and sputum MMP‐2 levels in malignant group in comparison with benign and control groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in the levels of serum and sputum MMP‐2 as regards the different histopathological types of lung cancer and advanced stages of lung cancer. Gelatin zymography was used to confirm the enzymatic activity of MMP‐2. A higher MMP‐2 activity was detected in lung cancer group in comparison with benign and control groups.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSerum and to a larger extent sputum MMP‐2 appear to be potential noninvasive markers for detecting lung cancer.
Pentraxins and IgA share a binding hot‐spot on FcαRI
Authors: Lu Jinghua , Marjon Kristopher D. , Mold Carolyn , Marnell Lorraine , Du Clos Terry W. , Sun Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe pentraxins, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid P component (SAP) have previously been shown to function as innate opsonins through interactions with Fcγ receptors. The molecular details of these interactions were elucidated by the crystal structure of SAP in complex with FcγRIIA. More recently, pentraxins were shown to bind and activate FcαRI (CD89), the receptor for IgA. Here, we used mutations of the receptor based on a docking model to further examine pentraxin recognition by FcαRI. The solution binding of pentraxins to six FcαRI alanine cluster mutants revealed that mutations Y35A and R82A, on the C‐and F‐strands of the D1 domain, respectively, markedly reduced receptor binding to CRP and SAP. These residues are in the IgA‐binding site of the receptor, and thus, significantly affected receptor binding to IgA. The shared pentraxin and IgA‐binding site on FcαRI is further supported by the results of a solution binding competition assay. In addition to the IgA‐binding site, pentraxins appear to interact with a broader region of the receptor as the mutation in the C′‐strand (R48A/E49A) enhanced pentraxin binding. Unlike Fcγ receptors, the H129A/I130A and R178A mutations on the BC‐ and FG‐loops of D2 domain, respectively, had little effect on FcαRI binding to the pentraxins. In conclusion, our data suggest that the pentraxins recognize a similar site on FcαRI as IgA.
The Distinction Between Experimental and Historical Sciences as a Framework for Improving Classroom Inquiry
Authors: GRAY RON 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTInquiry experiences in secondary science classrooms are heavily weighted toward experimentation. We know, however, that many fields of science (e.g., evolutionary biology, cosmology, and paleontology), while they may utilize experiments, are not justified by experimental methodologies. With the focus on experimentation in schools, these fields of science are often not included in the inquiry experiences our students receive. I propose utilizing the distinction between experimental and historical sciences as a way to improve the diversity of scientific methodologies represented in the science classroom. This distinction can provide a framework for teachers to examine their own inquiry practices in light of the diverse methodologies present in science today. In this paper, the framework is presented and analyzed in light of the scientific practices highlighted in the Next Generation Science Standards and key concepts needed to discuss historical science methodologies are discussed.
Security risk assessment framework for cloud computing environments
Authors: Albakri Sameer Hasan , Shanmugam Bharanidharan , Samy Ganthan Narayana , Idris Norbik Bashah , Ahmed Azuan 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTCloud computing has become today's most common technology buzzword. Despite the promises of cloud computing to decrease computing implementation costs and deliver computing as a service, which allows clients to pay only for what they need and use, cloud computing also raises many security concerns. Most popular risk assessment standards, such as ISO27005, NIST SP800‐30, and AS/NZS 4360, assume that an organization's assets are fully managed by the organization itself and that all security management processes are imposed by the organization. These assumptions, however, do not apply to cloud computing environments. Hence, this paper proposes a security risk assessment framework that can enable cloud service providers to assess security risks in the cloud computing environment and allow cloud clients to contribute in risk assessment. The proposed framework provides a more realistic and accurate risk assessment outcome by considering the cloud clients' evaluation of security risk factors and avoiding the complexity that can result from the involvement of clients in whole risk assessment process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomaly detection and response approach based on mapping requests
Authors: Wan Ming , Zhang Hong‐Ke , Wu Tin‐Yu , Lo Chi‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThere is an increasing consensus that the locator/identifier separation of IP address is necessary to resolve the scalability issues of current Internet routing architecture. After identifiers are separated from locators, an identifier‐to‐locator mapping service must be employed to map identifiers onto locators. From this point, this paper proposes an anomaly detection and response approach based on mapping requests. By using the cumulative sum algorithm for change point detection, this approach introduces the anomalous traffic detection of mapping requests to diagnose the aberrant network behaviors. Once alarming, two effective response methods can be chosen to control the anomalous attack traffic in real time. Furthermore, in order to decouple the mapping request traffic from the mapping cache, this approach not only takes into account the mapping cache timeout but also puts forward a practical mapping request threshold algorithm. In particular, our simulation results show that, compared with the anomaly detection approach based on network traffic, the proposed approach is more advantageous and efficient. In addition, we also discuss the possible false positive and false negative problems, which may be caused by some accidental phenomena. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adding variables variation to Rainbow‐like scheme to enhance its security level against MinRank attack
Authors: Tan Yang , Tang Shaohua , Wang Ting 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTRainbow is a very effective multivariate digital signature scheme proposed by J. Ding and D. Schmidt. In this paper, we define any scheme that has basic multilayer Rainbow structure as Rainbow‐like scheme. Then, we propose a way to enhance Rainbow‐like schemes’ security level against MinRank attack. In our construction, we simply turn some of their first layers’ Oil variables into Vinegar variables by adding corresponding quadratic terms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generating signatures with optimal overhead: practical paddings for signature schemes
Authors: Qian Haifeng , Zhou Yuan , Li Zhibin , Chen Zhijie 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTOptimal signatures (generating signatures as short as possible), which achieve the optimal bandwidth for communication, are extremely useful in bandwidth‐critical networks. Previous approaches use the random permutations with large block size as building blocks, which incurs less efficient implementations in the real world. Meanwhile, all the practical signature schemes are not optimal in bandwidth including PSS‐R (probabilistic signature scheme with message recovery ), FDH ( Full Domain Hash), and DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm). This paper presents three constructions for optimal signature schemes. All the proposals use both the random oracles and the ideal ciphers with smaller block sizes as building blocks to obtain optimal paddings for signature schemes. The ideal ciphers in our schemes can be implemented by real block ciphers (e.g., AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)‐256). Concrete implementations of these signature schemes can utilize the trapdoor permutations of Rabin and RSA, respectively. Surprisingly, RSA and Rabin (trapdoor permutations) lead to not only optimality in bandwidth but also a tight security. Therefore, besides yielding secure signatures with high efficiency, our proposals can also be flexibly applied to the bandwidth‐limited networks that reduces the communication cost as less as possible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What nanomedicine in the clinic right now really forms nanoparticles?
Authors: Svenson Sonke 
Published: January 2014

Some researchers believe nanomedicine will revolutionize healthcare and medicine through transformative new therapeutic tools. Nanocarriers, utilized to transport actives to the target site, are constructed from a wide range of materials. Nanocarriers can be grouped into self‐assembling (liposomes, micelles), processed (nanoparticles, emulsions), and chemically bound (dendrimers, silica‐based carriers, carbon nanotubes) structures. A review of nanomedicines on the market and in clinical translation reveals that the vast majority is based on liposomes, polymeric micelles, and nanoparticles. The increasing presence of these novel nanomedicines raises the question what nanomedicines in the clinic right now really form nanoparticles, i.e., are improvements we see from nanomedicines structure‐related or do they result from improved formulations? Do we even have sufficient data to address this question? The formation of nanocarriers is usually confirmed in vitro but little if any in vivo (let alone clinical) information is available. Given the large number of nanomedicines on the market and under clinical evaluation one clearly cannot expect to find a ‘one size fits all’ answer. Therefore, two case studies are discussed: the paclitaxel formulation Taxol® and its nanomedicine companions LEP‐ETU (liposome), Genexol®‐PM and NK105 (micelles), and Abraxane® (nanoparticle). Published pharmacokinetic data is utilized to find differences indicating nanocarrier delivery. The second case study involves structurally related camptothecin‐polymer conjugates CRLX101 (nanoparticles) and XMT‐1001 (prodrug). Structural differences are evaluated to discuss the different aggregation behavior. This opinion can only serve as first attempt to find a more general answer; clearly more data is needed from future studies.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Natural resource management in an energy‐constrained future in the United States
Authors: Svedarsky W. Daniel , Trauger David L. , Schad David R. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe plenary theme at the 2008 annual conference of The Wildlife Society was, “Thriving within limits: toward a scenario of hope.” Wildlife professionals are still grappling with how wildlife management relates to sustainability as global limits, especially energy, become more obvious in affecting resource management. “Sustainability” as used in this paper is derived from the commonly cited, Brundtland Report definition of sustainable development as, “…development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Further, it is activity that simultaneously addresses the interlinked aspects of economy, environment, and social well‐being. To be effective in the future, natural resources agencies and organizations (NGOs) will be compelled to 1) reduce energy use by increasing efficiency of unavoidable uses and reducing optional energy uses; 2) anticipate how energy costs will affect resource use by various stakeholders; and 3) mitigate climate change by reducing combustion processes and thereby greenhouse gases. Because of their fundamental missions, natural resource entities have a special obligation to employ exemplary conservation practices. Challenges are great, but opportunities are significant. Higher fuel costs will constrain some management practices, but may limit further development of more rural and underdeveloped lands, thereby reducing habitat fragmentation and often wildlife damage complaints. Will energy costs promote smaller vehicles, reduction of some management practices, greater focus on recreational areas closer to population centers, consolidation of offices with other entities, and more video‐conferencing of meetings? Will wildlife management be effectively integrated into landscapes where energy crops are produced along with food and where “life‐cycle analysis” measures the full ecological footprint of land management? Agencies and NGOs can partner with stakeholders to design landscape use that is more sustainable (less pollution, conserving of energy and soil, more biologically diverse), provides better connections to nature, and enhances overall resource conservation. Educational institutions have a critical role because they are instrumental in preparing future resource managers. © 2014 The Wildlife Society. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.