bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of FNAC in palpable chest wall lesions in developing country
Authors: Goyal Surbhi , Sharma Sonal , Bahl Nidhi 
Published: March 2014

Palpable chest wall lesions are unusual manifestation of an underlying thoracic pathology and it is difficult to diagnose them with their diverse spectrum ranging from benign to malignant. Considering the exposure of patient to invasive biopsy/excision and the risk of local complications, FNAC is now being increasingly used in the primary assessment of these lesions. Objectives of this study were to report the spectrum of chest wall lesions in the population of a developing country and evaluating the diagnostic role of FNAC. All the patients who presented with palpable cutaneous or subcutaneous chest wall swelling during a period of January 2003 to August 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. May Grunwald Giemsa and Papanicolaou stained aspirates were examined, along with special stains. Seven hundred seventy‐three cases were subjected to chest wall FNAC, of which 726 (93.9%) cases were satisfactory. Age ranged from 1 to 93 years with M:F = 0.92:1. 358 (49.3%) were diagnosed as inflammatory and 368 (50.7%) were neoplastic lesions. Two‐hundred thirty four cases (32.2%) were diagnosed as mycobacterial abscess (likely tuberculous). Of the neoplastic lesions, 153 were malignant with carcinomas being predominant (88.2%). Malignant cases comprised of scar site recurrence in breast carcinoma (73 cases), metastatic carcinomas (62 cases), primary sarcomas (eight cases), hematological neoplasms (six cases), and miscellaneous group (four cases). Overall malignant lesions accounted for 21.1% (153/726) of satisfactory chest wall aspirates. FNAC is very useful and simple investigation for early diagnosis of chest wall abscesses, cutaneous metastases from visceral malignancies, and scar site recurrence in breast carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:653–659. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shrub encroachment alters the spatial patterns of infiltration
Authors: Eldridge David J. , Wang Lixin , Ruiz‐Colmenero Marta 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEncroachment of open woodlands by shrubs is a global phenomenon associated with marked changes in ecosystem structure and function. We measured sorptivity and steady‐state infiltration at two supply potentials under shrubs and grasses and in their interspaces where shrubs were encroaching into grassland. Steady‐state infiltration (ponded) and sorptivity were greater at the grassland than the shrubland site, and there was substantially greater infiltration under shrubs (48.2 mm h−1) and grasses (50.0 mm h−1) than the corresponding interspaces (17.0 and 32.3 mm h−1for shrubland and grassland, respectively). The difference between grasses and their interspaces was substantially less (1.5 times) than that between shrubs and their interspaces (three times). Shrub encroachment also affected the spatial patterns of infiltration. Although the autocorrelation range for shrublands coincided almost exactly with the average distance between shrub canopies (3.5 m), the range for grasslands was three times greater (1.5 m) than the mean grass canopy, indicating a greater connectivity of infiltration in the grasslands than the shrublands. Our study indicates that encroachment by shrubs does not change infiltration under individual plants. Rather, it reduces the interspace infiltration rates significantly, resulting in lower estimated site‐level infiltration rates in shrublands. Our research suggests therefore that it is the shrubland interspaces that are the likely drivers of reduced infiltration rates when grasslands are encroached, rather than increase in the total cover of shrubsper se. Management strategies that result in greater retention of grass cover and minimize the level of interspace disturbances are likely to result in increased infiltration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overreaction in Survey Exchange Rate Forecasts
Authors: Pancotto Francesca , Pericoli Filippo Maria , Pistagnesi Marco 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe use survey data on five bilateral exchange rates to provide empirical evidence of the fact that professional forecasters of foreign exchange rates behave irrationally, in the specific sense that they respond inaccurately to available information in the market when forming their predictions. In particular, we find systematic biases in the forecasts resulting in the overreaction of analysts to past information contained in the exchange rate dynamics: forecasters change their prediction more than it would be rational on the basis of past realized changes. In addition, forecasters are heterogeneous in their irrationality: low performers in previous periods show a more pronounced overreaction effect. This can be read as an indication of perpetration of past errors and continued inability to learn from the past. In the second part of the paper, we exploit the novel structure of our dataset, which consists of survey data extracted from the Bloomberg platform and readily available to anyone. This feature allows us to consider their own and others' past forecasts as part of the information set that analysts use in making their predictions. By using past forecasts as proxies for relevant macroeconomic variables, we find evidence that analysts fail to correctly process not only the information contained in the spot rate past dynamics but also the information in this broader set. We see this as confirmation of the existence of inefficiency and heterogeneity between low and high performers also when full information is available. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro starch digestion in sorghum flour from Algerian cultivars
Authors: Souilah Rachid , Djabali Djaffar , Belhadi Badreddine , Mokrane Hind , Boudries Nadia , Nadjemi Boubekeur 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis work aims to evaluate starch digestion in whole sorghum grains. Nine sorghum cultivars were sampled from the Sahara of Algeria. The structural characteristics of sorghum grains were measured. Total starch (TS) varied between 67.67% and 74.82%, digestible starch (DS) between 64.34% and 69.70%, and resistant starch (RS) ranged from 2.55% to 7.98%. The kinetic of starch digestion displayed first‐order model. For all sorghum cultivars, starch were digested with different extents, DS at infinite time (D∞) ranged from 52.58 to 102.13 g/100 g dry starch, while the hydrolysis index (HI) ranged from 41.55% to 76.93% and high average glycemic index (GIavg) ranged from 65.97 to 94.14. The results showed that there are differences in grain quality of Algerian sorghum cultivars. The starch fractions have acceptable nutritional value with good in vitro digestibility characteristics suitable for human health and nutrition.
Associations between risk of mortality and atypical antipsychotic use in vascular dementia: a clinical cohort study
Authors: Sultana J. , Chang C. K. , Hayes R. D. , Broadbent M. , Stewart R. , Corbett A. , Ballard C. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesPeople with vascular dementia (VaD) are frequently prescribed atypical antipsychotics to treat behavioural and psychological symptoms, but there is an alarming lack of evidence regarding their safety or efficacy in VaD. This study sought to identify the mortality risk associated with the most commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics in people with VaD compared with people not exposed to these drugs.MethodsA clinical cohort study of 1531 people with VaD performed using anonymised versions of full electronic health records from the Clinical Record Interactive Search application at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Patients were identified from 2007 to 2010, of whom 337 were exposed to quetiapine, risperidone or olanzapine. The main outcome measure was mortality.ResultsPatients exposed to atypical antipsychotics were not at increased risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87–1.26]. Exposure to risperidone did not result in an increased risk of mortality (HR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.59–1.24), and patients exposed to quetiapine had a non‐significant numerical increase in mortality risk (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.93–1.39; p‐value = 0.20) compared with untreated patients. Too few patients were exposed to olanzapine alone to provide reliable results.ConclusionsThe absence of a significant increase in mortality risk associated with atypical antipsychotics in people with VaD indicates that a clinical trial of antipsychotics focussing on the treatment of aggression and agitation in this patient group will be justified and feasible following further consideration of possible confounders, which will be critical to determine the role of antipsychotics in treatment of VaD. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing within‐subject classification and regularization methods in fMRI for large and small sample sizes
Authors: Churchill Nathan W. , Yourganov Grigori , Strother Stephen C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn recent years, a variety of multivariate classifier models have been applied to fMRI, with different modeling assumptions. When classifying high‐dimensional fMRI data, we must also regularize to improve model stability, and the interactions between classifier and regularization techniques are still being investigated. Classifiers are usually compared on large, multisubject fMRI datasets. However, it is unclear how classifier/regularizer models perform for within‐subject analyses, as a function of signal strength and sample size. We compare four standard classifiers: Linear and Quadratic Discriminants, Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machines. Classification was performed on data in the linear kernel (covariance) feature space, and classifiers are tuned with four commonly‐used regularizers: Principal Component and Independent Component Analysis, and penalization of kernel features using L1 and L2 norms. We evaluated prediction accuracy (P) and spatial reproducibility (R) of all classifier/regularizer combinations on single‐subject analyses, over a range of three different block task contrasts and sample sizes for a BOLD fMRI experiment. We show that the classifier model has a small impact on signal detection, compared to the choice of regularizer. PCA maximizes reproducibility and global SNR, whereas Lp‐norms tend to maximize prediction. ICA produces low reproducibility, and prediction accuracy is classifier‐dependent. However, trade‐offs in (P,R) depend partly on the optimization criterion, and PCA‐based models are able to explore the widest range of (P,R) values. These trends are consistent across task contrasts and data sizes (training samples range from 6 to 96 scans). In addition, the trends in classifier performance are consistent for ROI‐based classifier analyses. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4499–4517, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of Eight New Secondary Metabolites from the Mutant Strain G‐444 of Tubercularia sp. TF5
Authors: Lu Chun‐Hua , Liu Shao‐Song , Wang Jing‐Yi , Wang Ming‐Zi , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEight new metabolites, including five new sesquiterpenoids, 10,11‐epoxyguaian‐10‐ol (1), 10,11‐epoxyguaian‐13‐ol (2), a new backbone sesquiterpene rearranged from guaiane (3), two 1,5 : 1,10‐disecoguaianes, 4 and 5, two new dihydroisocoumarins, 7‐chloromellein‐4‐ol (6) and 7‐chloromellein‐5‐ol (7), and one new tetralone, 7‐chloroscytalone (8), were isolated from the mutant strain G‐444 of Tubercularia sp. TF5, an endophytic fungus of Taxus mairei, along with ten known compounds, 3,4‐dihydro‐4,8‐dihydroxy‐2H‐naphthalen‐1‐one (9), (3R,4S)‐4‐hydroxymellein (10), 5‐formylmellein (11), 5‐carboxymellein (12), sporogen‐AO1 (13), tuberculariols A (14) and B (15), hymatoxin E (16), 4‐oxo‐4H‐pyran‐3‐acetic acid (17), and penicillic acid (18). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (HMQC, HMBC, 1H,1H‐COSY and NOESY). The antimicrobial activities of 1–8 were evaluated, but none showed any substantial effect.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoluminescence Properties of Silver(I) Metal‐Organic Polymers with Nanochannels Based on 2‐Sulfoterephthalic Acid and Di(pyridin‐2‐yl)amine Ligands
Authors: Huang Hui , Payehghadr Mahmood , Wang Jie , Xiao Hong‐Ping , Wang Ai‐Yin , Li Xin‐Hua , Morsali Ali 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo new silver(I) 3D coordination polymers, namely [Ag3(2‐stp)(dpa)]n (1) and {[Ag2(2‐stp)(H2O)]⋅Hdpa}n (2) (2‐NaH2stp=sodium 2,5‐dicarboxysulfonate, dpa=di(pyridine‐2‐yl)amine) were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In complex 1, three neighboring Ag ions are bridged by N‐ and O‐atom, forming a 3D coordination network. The molecular structure of 2 is cationanion species, forming 3D hostguest supramolecular network with the [Hdpa]+ cations encapsulated in the nanochannels. The photoluminescence properties of the complexes were also investigated in the solid state at room temperature.
Regularity of Intermittent Bursts in BriggsRauscher Oscillating Systems with Phenol
Authors: Čupić Željko D. , Kolar‐Anić Ljiljana Z. , Anić Slobodan R. , Maćešić Stevan R. , Maksimović Jelena P. , Pavlović Marko S. , Milenković Maja C. , Bubanja Itana Nuša M. , Greco Emanuela , Furrow Stanley D. , Cervellati Rinaldo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe intermittency or intermittent bursting as the type of dynamic state when two qualitatively different behaviors replace one another randomly during the course of the reaction, although all the control parameters remain constant, is found in the BriggsRauscher oscillating system moderated by a very small amount of phenol. Within a range of phenol concentrations, the oscillation amplitude is diminished considerably, and after oscillations cease, they repeat intermittently, giving several bursts of oscillations. For the concentrations used here, the range of phenol concentrations where intermittent bursting oscillations occur in a closed reactor is ca. 1.8×10−5 to 3.6×10−5 M. Bursting also occurs in an open reactor and can be sustained indefinitely at 5.53×10−5 M concentration. The intermittent bursting behavior is robust, and can be achieved at a variety of conditions.
Ceramides Isolated from Helianthus annuus L.
Authors: Suo Maorong , Yang Junshan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThree new compounds (2R)‐2‐hydroxy‐N‐[(2S,3S,4R,10E)‐1,3,4‐trihydroxyicos‐10‐en‐2‐yl]docosanamide (1), (2R,3R)‐2,3‐dihydroxy‐N‐[(2S,3S,4R,10E)‐1,3,4‐trihydroxyicos‐10‐en‐2‐yl]docosanamide (2), N‐(2‐phenylethyl)tetracosanamide (3), together with a known ceramide, (2R)‐N‐[(2S,3S,4R,8E)‐1‐(β‐D‐Glucopyranosyloxy)‐3,4‐dihydroxyoctadec‐8‐en‐2‐yl]‐2‐hydroxyhexadecanamide (4), were isolated from acetone extract of flower disc of Helianthus annuus L. The structures were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.
Synthesis of a Trisaccharide Related to the Cytotoxic Triterpenoid Saponins Isolated from the Bark of Albizia procera
Authors: Liu Qing‐Chao , Guo Tian‐Tian , Zhao Cong , Sun Jing , Li Wen‐Hong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChemical synthesis of a trisaccharide related to the cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins isolated from the bark of Albizia procera has been accomplished through a concise stepwise glycosylation strategy starting from commercially available D‐xylose, 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and L‐arabinose. The target trisaccharide was designed with a 4‐methoxyphenyl (MP) aglycone to extend the scope of conversion to suitable glycoconjugates via selective removal of 4‐methoxyphenyl (MP) group. An unexpected phenomenon, i.e., the arabinosyl residue assumed the 1C4 conformation instead of the typical 4C1 form, was observed. Deprotection could restore the normal conformation.
Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of Functionalized Sulfonyl‐yn‐imines from Sodium Arylsulfinates, Trichloroacetonitrile, and Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nematpour Manijeh 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of functionalized sulfonyl‐yn‐imines via a Cu‐catalyzed tandem reaction of sodium arylsulfinates, trichloroacetonitrile, and terminal alkynes has been developed.
Sesquiterpenoids from the Fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla and Their Anti‐Acetylcholinesterase Activity
Authors: Chen Ping , Wang Pei‐Pei , Jiao Ze‐Zhao , Xiang Lan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFourteen sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. Their structures were elucidated based on NMR analyses (1H, 13C, DEPT, 1H,1H‐COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and identified as 12‐nornootkaton‐6‐en‐11‐one (3), (+)‐(3S,4aS,5R)‐2,3,4,4a,5,6‐hexahydro‐3‐isopropenyl‐4a,5‐dimethyl‐1,7‐naphthoquinone (5), nootkatene (6), 9β‐hydroxynootkatone (7), 2β‐hydroxy‐δ‐cadinol (8), 4‐isopropyl‐6‐methyl‐1‐tetralone (11), oxyphyllone E (12), oxyphyllone D (13), oxyphyllanene B (15), oxyphyllone A (16), oxyphyllol E (17), (9E)‐humulene‐2,3;6,7‐diepoxide (18), mustakone (20), and pubescone (21). Among them, 3 was a new norsesquiterpenoid, 8 was a new natural product, and 5, 6, 11, 20, 21 were isolated from A. oxyphylla for the first time. Twenty sesquiterpenoids, 1–5 and 7–21, were investigated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities, including previously isolated seven sesquiterpenoids from A. oxyphylla, (11S)‐12‐chloronootkaton‐11‐ol (1), (11R)‐12‐chloronootkaton‐11‐ol (2), nootkatone (4), oxyphyllenodiol A (9), oxyphyllenodiol B (10), 7‐epiteucrenone B (14), and alpinenone (19). TLC‐Bioautographic assay indicated that 1–4, 7, 14, 16, 18, 19, and 21 displayed anti‐AChE activities at 10 nmol. Microplate assay confirmed that 19, 18, 16, and 21 displayed moderate‐to‐weak anti‐AChE activities at the concentration of 100 μM, and 19 was the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 81.6±3.5 μM. The presence of anti‐AChE sesquiterpenoids in A. oxyphylla may partially support the traditional use of this fruit for the treatment of dementia.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Spiro[1,3,4‐benzotriazepine‐2,3′‐indole]‐2′,5(1H,1′H)‐diones under Mild Conditions
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Mokhtari Javad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe I2‐catalyzed preparation of spiro[1,3,4‐benzotriazepine‐2,3′‐indole]‐2′,5(1H,1′H)‐diones from 2‐aminobenzohydrazide and isatins in MeCN at room temperature in good‐to‐excellent yields is described. The structure of 3 was corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS data). A plausible mechanism for this type of reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).
Catalytic Performance of Polystyrene‐Bound ChibaG Derivatives as Guanidine Organobases in Asymmetric Michael Additions
Authors: Ishikawa Tsutomu , Heima Takashi , Yoshida Makoto , Kumamoto Takuya 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe guanidine organocatalyst, ChibaG, was bound via an ether linkage to the phenyl group of the 2‐imino substituent to Merrifield resin. Polystyrene‐bound ChibaG acted as an effective catalyst in the Michael reaction of tert‐butyl N‐(diphenylmethylidene)glycinate with methyl vinyl ketone, and could be recovered and reused many times.
First Total Synthesis of N‐(3‐Guanidinopropyl)‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐oxoacetamide
Authors: More Satish S. , Raghunadh Akula , Shankar Ramanathan , Patel Navin B. , Bhalerao Dinesh S. , Syam Kumar Unniaran K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the α‐oxo amide‐based natural product, N‐(3‐guanidinopropyl)‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐oxoacetamide (3), isolated from aqueous extracts of hydroid Campanularia sp., has been achieved. The α‐oxo amide 12, prepared via the oxidative amidation of 1‐[4‐(benzyloxy)phenyl]‐2,2‐dibromoethanone (9a) with 4‐{[(tert‐butyl)(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}butan‐1‐amine (10a), has been used as the key intermediate in the total synthesis of 3 as HBr salt. On the way, an expeditious total synthesis of polyandrocarpamide C (2c), isolated from marine ascidian Polyandrocarpa sp., was carried out in four steps.
New Isoprenylated Aurones from the Flowers of Rosa damascena
Authors: Li Yin‐Ke , Sun Ji‐Qing , Gao Xue‐Mei , Lei Chun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA phytochemical investigation of the flowers of Rosa damascena resulted in the isolation of three new isoprenylated aurones, damaurones C–E (1–3, resp.), together with six known compounds, 4–9. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments.
Chemical Constituents of the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. A240 Isolated from Taxus chinensis var. mairei
Authors: Tao Mei‐Hua , Chen Yu‐Chan , Wei Xiao‐Yi , Tan Jian‐Wen , Zhang Wei‐Min 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA new sesquiterpene, eremophil‐9‐ene‐11,12,13‐triol (1), a new oxazole, 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐5‐methyloxazole (2), and the two known lactones, 5′‐hydroxyalternariol (3) and alternariol (4), were isolated from the extract of Phomopsis sp. A240, an endophytic fungus isolated from the bark of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by analyses of their spectroscopic data, as well as by comparison with literature reports. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.
Direct Esterification of Aromatic Aldehydes with Tetraphenylphosphonium Bromide under Oxidative N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu Bandaru T. , Pareek Manish , Reddy Virsinha , Vijaya Anand R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn unconventional reagent, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, was employed as a phenyl source in the direct transformation of aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding phenyl esters under oxidative N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. The phenyl esters were obtained in moderate yields under mild and organocatalytic conditions.
An Approach to the Synthesis of 7‐Amino‐6‐imino‐9‐phenyl‐6H‐benzo[c]chromene‐8‐carbonitrile Derivatives via a Three‐Component Reaction under Ultrasonic Irradiation
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Sedighian Hadi , Ghanbaripour Rashid 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 7‐amino‐6‐imino‐9‐phenyl‐6H‐benzo[c]chromene‐8‐carbonitrile derivatives 3 by a three‐component reaction of salicylaldehydes (=2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes) 1, malononitrile (=propanedinitrile), and 2‐(1‐arylethylidene)malononitrile 2 under ultrasonic irradiation in EtOH is reported. Good yields, short reaction times, and easy purification are the main advantages of the present method. The structures were confirmed spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).
DISLOCATIONS IN THE WON‐DOLLAR SWAP MARKETS DURING THE CRISIS OF 2007–2009
Authors: Baba Naohiko , Shim Ilhyock 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe analyse dislocations in the foreign exchange swap and cross‐currency swap markets between Korean won and US dollar from 2007 to 2009. A regime‐switching analysis of deviations from covered interest parity (CIP) identifies a crisis period starting in June 2007. Using an EGARCH model, we find that volatility index and the credit default swap spreads of Korean and US banks are the main factors explaining CIP deviations. We show that the Bank of Korea's US dollar loans of the proceeds of swaps with the US Federal Reserve were effective in reducing CIP deviations, whereas the provision of funds using its foreign reserves was not. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.