bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of hyaluronan, HAS1‐2, and HYAL1‐2 in oral lichen planus
Authors: Siponen Maria , Kullaa Arja , Nieminen Pentti , Salo Tuula , Pasonen‐Seppänen Sanna 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune‐mediated mucosal disease of unclear etiology and of unresolved pathogenesis. Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan involved in inflammation and tumor progression. However, its presence in OLP has not been reported. We therefore aimed to study the immunohistochemical expression of HA, its receptor CD44, hyaluronan synthases (HAS1‐3), and hyaluronidases (HYAL1‐2) in OLP.MethodsThe presence of HA, CD44, HAS1‐3, and HYAL1‐2 was studied by immunohistochemical methods in 55 OLP and 23 control oral mucosal specimens (CTR). The localization, intensity, and differences of the epithelial expression between OLP and CTRs were analyzed.ResultsHA and CD44 were found on cell membranes in the epithelial basal and intermediate layers in CTR and OLP specimens. The HA staining intensity was stronger in the basal layer of the epithelium in OLP than in CTRs (P < 0.001). HAS1 (P = 0.001) and HAS2 (P < 0.001) showed stronger staining in the basal and weaker staining in the superficial (P < 0.001) epithelial layers in OLP than in CTRs. The immunostaining of HAS3 was low in both OLP and CTRs. Positive HYAL1 and HYAL2 staining were mainly found in the basal and intermediate epithelial layers, and their intensities were significantly increased in OLP, except HYAL 2 in the intermediate epithelial layer.ConclusionsHA, HAS1‐2, and HYAL1‐2 have altered expression in OLP compared to CTRs and may therefore have a role in OLP pathogenesis.
Are removal experiments effective tools for assessing plant community resistance and recovery from invasion?
Authors: Guido Anaclara , Pillar Valério D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRemoval experiments are useful tools for assessing two important aspects of plant community invasion: (1) resistance to invasion and (2) recovery after invasive species removal. We discuss the potential of such experiments based on a brief systematic review of the literature on community resistance, as measured by invasibility after removal of resident species (reduction of taxonomic/functional richness), and on community recovery, as measured by resident community response after invasive species removal. We found 62 research articles, most of them related to invasive species removal. Few studies used removals to test biotic resistance, despite the importance of resident removals for identifying community components that play key roles in the often‐controversial invasion resistance hypotheses. Furthermore, appropriate experimental controls were rarely used, which would allow separation of the effect of local species extinction from that of disturbance. We hope this review stimulates plant ecologists to adopt removal experiments for studying invasion processes.
Inter‐annual fluctuations in rainfall shift the functional structure of Mediterranean grasslands across gradients of productivity and disturbance
Authors: Carmona Carlos P. , Mason Norman W.H. , Azcárate Francisco M. , Peco Begoña 
Published: November 2014

AbstractQuestionsHow do inter‐annual fluctuations in water availability affect the functional trait patterns along spatial gradients of resource availability and disturbance?LocationMediterranean grasslands in central Spain, near Madrid.MethodsWe surveyed plant communities from 66 sites under different grazing regimes (from heavy grazing to grazing abandonment) in productive and unproductive habitats (corresponding to upper and lower topographic zones) in 2 yr with contrasting rainfall conditions. Community weighted mean (CWM) and Rao quadratic entropy for three key plant ecological strategy traits (specific leaf area, height and seed mass) were calculated for each community. We used null models to estimate functional richness (FR) and functional divergence (FD), the two components of functional diversity with the highest power to detect changes in community assembly processes across environmental gradients.ResultsThe patterns of CWM remained rather constant across years, with the only exception being seed mass, which experienced considerable temporal changes that suggested that heavy‐seeded species are favoured under stressful conditions. Patterns for FR were consistent across years. They revealed both trait convergence and divergence depending on the niche axis and context. Convergence was observed for vegetative traits in unproductive habitats and seed mass in productive ones, and divergence for seed mass in unproductive habitats and vegetative traits in productive ones. In contrast, the patterns of FD of the vegetative traits changed considerably between years, as shown by increased divergence during the wet year in unproductive habitats and decreased divergence in grazing‐abandoned productive habitats.ConclusionsTemporal changes in Mediterranean grassland composition depend on complex interactions between species traits, resource availability and disturbance. Increased rainfall appeared to have contrasting effects on assembly processes in stressful and productive habitats. In stressful habitats we found evidence that increased rainfall promoted niche complementarity, while in productive habitats, especially in the absence of disturbance, it increased trait convergence.
Risk of dietary exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins in infants less than 6 months of age in Rombo, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Magoha Happy , Kimanya Martin , De Meulenaer Bruno , Roberfroid Dominique , Lachat Carl , Kolsteren Patrick 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInfants less than 6 months of age receiving foods other than breast milk are at a high risk of exposure to mycotoxins. We surveyed food intake and estimated the risk of exposures to aflatoxin and fumonisin mycotoxins for infants less than 6 months of age in Northern Tanzania. A total of 143 infants were progressively recruited and three follow‐up visits were made at 1, 3 and 5 months of age. A 24‐h dietary recall technique was used to estimate flour intake of infants who had been introduced to maize foods. Aflatoxins and fumonisins in the flours were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography technique. Exposure to aflatoxins or fumonisins was estimated using the deterministic approach. By the age of 3 months, 98 infants had started taking food; 67 of them, maize flours at levels ranging from 0.57 to 37.50 g per infant per day (average 8 g per infant per day). Fifty‐eight per cent of 67 maize flour samples contained detectable aflatoxins (range 0.33–69.47 μg kg−1; median 6 μg kg−1) and 31% contained detectable fumonisins (range 48–1224 μg kg−1; median 124 μg kg−1). For infants who consumed contaminated flours, aflatoxin exposure ranged from 0.14 to 120 ng kg−1 body weight (BW) per day (all above the health concern level of 0.017 ng kg−1 BW per day as recommended by the European Food Safety Agency) and fumonisin exposure ranged from 0.005 to 0.88 μg kg−1 BW per day. Insignificant association was observed between exposure to fumonisins or aflatoxins and stunting or underweight. Reducing aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize and dietary diversification can prevent infants and the public, in general, from exposure to the toxins.
Shifts of tundra bacterial and archaeal communities along a permafrost thaw gradient in Alaska
Authors: Deng Jie , Gu Yunfu , Zhang Jin , Xue Kai , Qin Yujia , Yuan Mengting , Yin Huaqun , He Zhili , Wu Liyou , Schuur Edward A. G. , Tiedje James M. , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the response of permafrost microbial communities to climate warming is crucial for evaluating ecosystem feedbacks to global change. This study investigated soil bacterial and archaeal communities by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons across a permafrost thaw gradient at different depths in Alaska with thaw progression for over three decades. Over 4.6 million passing 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from a total of 97 samples, corresponding to 61 known classes and 470 genera. Soil depth and the associated soil physical–chemical properties had predominant impacts on the diversity and composition of the microbial communities. Both richness and evenness of the microbial communities decreased with soil depth. Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Alpha‐ and Gamma‐Proteobacteria dominated the microbial communities in the upper horizon, whereas abundances of Bacteroidetes, Delta‐Proteobacteria and Firmicutes increased towards deeper soils. Effects of thaw progression were absent in microbial communities in the near‐surface organic soil, probably due to greater temperature variation. Thaw progression decreased the abundances of the majority of the associated taxa in the lower organic soil, but increased the abundances of those in the mineral soil, including groups potentially involved in recalcitrant C degradation (Actinomycetales, Chitinophaga, etc.). The changes in microbial communities may be related to altered soil C sources by thaw progression. Collectively, this study revealed different impacts of thaw in the organic and mineral horizons and suggests the importance of studying both the upper and deeper soils while evaluating microbial responses to permafrost thaw.
Induced Innovation, Endogenous Technical Change and Income Distribution in a Labor‐Constrained Model of Classical Growth
Authors: Zamparelli Luca 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present a steady state analysis of a labor‐constrained classical growth model with endogenous direction and intensity of technical change. Firms use retained profits to raise their productive capacity and to improve labor and capital productivities. Investments are planned to maximize instantaneous profits. Comparative dynamics exercises show that (1) an increase in the saving rate and in R&D subsidies raises the steady state labor share, labor productivity growth and the employment rate, and (2) a rise in workers' bargaining power reduces the employment rate while leaving productivity growth and distribution unaffected.
Deciphering the early evolution of echinoderms with Cambrian fossils
Authors: Zamora Samuel , Rahman Imran A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEchinoderms are a major group of invertebrate deuterostomes that have been an important component of marine ecosystems throughout the Phanerozoic. Their fossil record extends back to the Cambrian, when several disparate groups appear in different palaeocontinents at about the same time. Many of these early forms exhibit character combinations that differ radically from extant taxa, and thus their anatomy and phylogeny have long been controversial. Deciphering the earliest evolution of echinoderms therefore requires a detailed understanding of the morphology of Cambrian fossils, as well as the selection of an appropriate root and the identification of homologies for use in phylogenetic analysis. Based on the sister‐group relationships and ontogeny of modern species and new fossil discoveries, we now know that the first echinoderms were bilaterally symmetrical, represented in the fossil record by Ctenoimbricata and some early ctenocystoids. The next branch in echinoderm phylogeny is represented by the asymmetrical cinctans and solutes, with an echinoderm‐type ambulacral system originating in the more crownward of these groups (solutes). The first radial echinoderms are the helicoplacoids, which possess a triradial body plan with three ambulacra radiating from a lateral mouth. Helicocystoids represent the first pentaradial echinoderms and have the mouth facing upwards with five radiating recumbent ambulacra. Pentaradial echinoderms diversified rapidly from the beginning of their history, and the most significant differences between groups are recorded in the construction of the oral area and ambulacra, as well as the nature of their feeding appendages. Taken together, this provides a clear narrative of the early evolution of the echinoderm body plan.
Pediatric Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans in Madrid, Spain: Multi‐institutional Outcomes
Authors: Valdivielso‐Ramos Marta , Torrelo Antonio , Campos Minia , Feito Marta , Gamo Reyes , Rodriguez‐Peralto Jose Luis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLittle is known about the incidence and management of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) in children. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients younger than 18 years of age treated for DFSP over a period of 11 years (2000–2011) in Madrid, Spain. The sample consisted of 13 children. The average annual incidence of DFSP in the pediatric population corresponded to 1.02 cases per million person‐years (95% confidence interval 0.55, 1.73). Sites of involvement were diverse, with 15.3% of tumors found in acral locations. The median tumor size was 3.5 cm × 3 cm and the median time from apparent onset to diagnosis was 36 months. Histopathologic examination revealed conventional (77.0%), pigmented (15.4%), and myxoid (7.6%) variants. The mitotic index was consistently <5 per 10 high‐power fields. All lesions were removed using surgical excision. One patient developed a local recurrence because of initial affected margins; none developed metastases. The median duration of clinical follow‐up was 70.5 months. This study estimated the average annual incidence rate of DFSP in a population of patients younger than 18 years and reviewed the experience of several hospitals in the management of this tumor.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia: A Previously Unreported Complication of Ear Piercing
Authors: Okman Jonathan S. , Bhatti Tricia R. , Jackson Oksana A. , Rubin Adam I. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAngiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is a rare, benign vascular lesion characterized by discrete, painful papules. Although the exact etiology is unknown, trauma precedes many cases. We present a case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia in the earlobes of a 15‐year‐old girl after ear piercing.
Blowing Away the Pain: A Technique for Pediatric Pain Management
Authors: Jacobs Adrian , Price Harper N. , Popenhagen Mark P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPainful medical procedures in childhood may have long‐term negative effects on development and future tolerance of pain. We describe a distraction technique for pediatric pain management that involves “blowing away the pain.” This technique may be used for acute pediatric procedures as well as for patients with chronic pain.
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma in the Axilla of an 18‐Year‐Old Woman
Authors: Green Margaret , Mitchum Marsha , Marquart Jason , Bowden Lynden P. , Bingham Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is an uncommon adnexal neoplasm with a predilection for the head and neck. The tumor rarely metastasizes but is locally aggressive and commonly demonstrates perineural invasion. MAC occurs most often in older adults. This report describes a young woman with a MAC in her left axilla who required two stages of Mohs micrographic surgery followed by a wide local excision because of persistent perineural invasion in close proximity to the brachial plexus. Other cases presenting in the pediatric age group are discussed.
Agreement Between Dermatologic and Pediatric Researchers in Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis in Children
Authors: Borzutzky Arturo , Hoyos‐Bachiloglu Rodrigo , Navarrete‐Dechent Cristián , Vera‐Kellet Cristián , Silva‐Valenzuela Sergio , Cifuentes Lorena , Iturriaga Carolina , Cristi Francisca 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index is a widely applied instrument for measuring the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD), but few studies have evaluated the interobserver agreement between different disciplines. A cross‐sectional study of 21 children with AD evaluated by dermatology and pediatric researchers found excellent agreement between the SCORAD, the objective SCORAD, and the Three Item Severity score, confirming the applicability of these scores by nondermatologists.
Transient Lingual Papillitis Associated with Confirmed Herpes Simplex Virus 1 in a Patient with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Krakowski Andrew C. , Kim Silvia S. , Burns Jane C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present a case of transient lingual papillitis associated with confirmed herpes simplex virus 1 that developed after a child received intravenous immunoglobulin and infliximab for acute Kawasaki disease.
Mycoplasma‐Associated Stevens–Johnson Syndrome in Children: Retrospective Review of Patients Managed With or Without Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Systemic Corticosteroids, or a Combination of Therapies
Authors: Ahluwalia Jusleen , Wan Joy , Lee Diana H. , Treat James , Yan Albert C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAdministration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) has been controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IVIG, systemic corticosteroids, or both in treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae–associated SJS (mpSJS). Retrospective series of 10 pediatric mpSJS cases were stratified into four treatment groups: IVIG alone, IVIG and systemic corticosteroids together, systemic corticosteroids alone, and supportive care. The efficacy of therapy was evaluated on the basis of several proxies of disease severity, including hospital length of stay (LOSt) and number of febrile days (Febt) after initiation of therapy. Patients treated with IVIG alone had a longer LOSt and more Febt, despite different baseline characteristics, than patients treated with supportive therapy. Of patients who received IVIG, 50% were treated with corticosteroids concurrently and had similar characteristics of disease severity but showed a non–statistically significant trend toward shorter LOSt and fewer Febt than those who received IVIG alone. A patient treated with corticosteroids alone had the shortest LOSt in this series. Therefore treatment with IVIG alone was associated with a more severe disease course than supportive therapy, although causality cannot be inferred given possible confounding by indication. When systemic corticosteroids were used alone or in conjunction with IVIG, hospital LOSt and Febt trended lower than with the use of IVIG alone, although disease severity at baseline was similar between those treated with IVIG and corticosteroids concurrently and those treated with IVIG alone. It was thus concluded that treatment with systemic corticosteroids as monotherapy or in combination with IVIG may be preferable to IVIG alone. Further large‐scale studies are warranted to evaluate this hypothesis.
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy types IV and V in Japan
Authors: Haga Nobuhiko , Kubota Masaya , Miwa Zenzo ,   Japanese Research Group on Congenital Insensitivity to Pain
Published: November 2014

AbstractHereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a group of genetic disorders involving varying sensory and autonomic dysfunction. HSAN types IV and V are characterized by congenital generalized loss of pain and thermal sensation. HSAN type IV is additionally accompanied by decreased sweating and intellectual disability. From 2010 to 2013, we (members of the Japanese Research Group on Congenital Insensitivity to Pain) carried out research on HSAN types IV and V. Research by this group included epidemiological data, examination of clinical findings, solutions of disease etiology, investigation of complications and development of their management. Complications were categorized into musculoskeletal complications, oral/dental complications, dermal complications, ocular complications, complications resulting from impaired thermal control, anesthetic considerations, other complications possibly related to autonomic dysfunction, and abnormal mental development and behavior. Treatment and care for patients with HSAN types IV and V require a wide range of knowledge and experience, and a multidisciplinary team approach. Therefore, we produced the “Guideline of Total Management and Care for Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (Ver.1)” in 2012, to provide information for medical specialists based on our knowledge and experience. This guideline includes medical issues, as well as descriptions of social participation and welfare. This review outlines the situation of HSAN types IV and V in Japan, and the recommendations of treatment and care for patients, mostly based on research conducted by the Japanese Research Group.
Feasibility of a Photovoice Study Promoting Respirator Use among Russian Health Care Workers
Authors: Woith Wendy Mann , Bykova Alla , Abdulrehman Munib 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesRussian health care workers in tuberculosis hospitals have a high incidence of nosocomial TB. Proper use of respirators in high‐risk settings can lower this threat, but health care workers do not always follow protocols that minimize risk. Our objectives were to: (1) determine feasibility of conducting a larger scale study, and (2) test effectiveness of a photovoice intervention for changing attitudes and behaviors of Russian HCWs with regard to following protocols.Design and SampleA convenience sample of 20 HCWs was recruited from a regional TB hospital in Russia to participate in this single‐group experimental‐design feasibility study.MeasuresParticipants completed a survey prior to and following the intervention.InterventionParticipants photographed someone important to them then wrote a short narrative describing why that significant other motivated them to wear and fit‐check respirators.AUTHOR: As per journal style, “Intervention” subheading to be included in the “Abstract” section if this heading appears in the “Methods” section. Therefore, either include this heading in the “Methods” section or delete the subheading “Intervention” along with its text found in the “Abstract” section.ResultsWe identified four areas to revise prior to undertaking a larger experimental study. The intervention had a significant effect on intention to wear and fit‐check respirators. Perceived behavioral control predicted intention to wear respirators, F(3,16) = 20.383, p < .001. Subjective norm and perceived behavioral control predicted intention to fit‐check respirators, F(3,16) = 44.571, p < .001.ConclusionsResults suggest photovoice may be an efficacious intervention and larger scale testing is warranted.
Species composition, toxigenic potential and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum species complex isolates from southern Brazilian rice
Authors: Gomes L. B. , Ward T. J. , Badiale‐Furlong E. , Del Ponte E. M. 
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to assess the extent and distribution of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) diversity in rice seeds produced in southern Brazil. Four species and two trichothecene genotypes were detected among 89 FGSC isolates, based on a multilocus genotyping assay: F. asiaticum (69·6%) with the nivalenol (NIV) genotype, F. graminearum (14·6%) with the 15‐acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADON) genotype, and F. cortaderiae (14·6%) and F. meridionale (1·1%), both with the NIV genotype. Seven selected F. asiaticum isolates from rice produced NIV in rice‐based substrate in vitro, at levels ranging from 4·7 to 84·1 μg g−1. Similarly, two F. graminearum isolates from rice produced mainly 15‐ADON (c. 15–41 μg g−1) and a smaller amount of 3‐ADON (c. 6–12 μg g−1). One F. meridionale and two F. cortaderiae isolates did not produce detectable levels of trichothecenes. Two F. asiaticum isolates from rice and two from wheat (from a previous study), and one F. graminearum isolate from wheat, were pathogenic to both crops at various levels of aggressiveness based on measures of disease severity in wheat spikes and rice kernel infection in a greenhouse assay. Fusarium asiaticum and the reference F. graminearum isolate from wheat produced NIV, and deoxynivalenol and acetylates, respectively, in the kernels of inoculated wheat heads. No trichothecene was produced in kernels from inoculated rice panicles by any of the isolates. These findings constitute the first report of FGSC composition in rice outside Asia, and confirm the dominance of F. asiaticum in rice agroecosystems.