bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Meta‐analysis of Carbon Nanoparticles for Identifying Lymph Nodes and Protecting Parathyroid Glands during Surgery
Authors: Li Yin , Jian Wen‐Hua , Guo Zhu‐Ming , Li Qiu‐Li , Lin Shao‐Jian , Huang Hai‐Yan 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the ability of carbon nanoparticles (CNs) to identify lymph nodes and protect parathyroid glands during thyroid cancer surgery.Data SourcesEnglish and Chinese literature in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the China Biology Medicine Database, the China Master’s and Doctoral Theses Full‐Text Database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the WANFANG database, and the Cqvip database (from January 2009 to July 2014).Review MethodsStudies were included if they were randomized controlled trials or nonrandomized controlled trials for thyroidectomy and central neck dissections that compared the use of CNs with methylene blue or a blank control in patients undergoing initial thyroid cancer surgery. The primary outcomes were the number of retrieved central lymph nodes and the accidental parathyroid removal rate.ResultsThis meta‐analysis identified 11 randomized controlled trials and 4 nonrandomized controlled trials comprising 1055 patients. Compared with the outcomes of the blank controls, the use of CNs resulted in an average of 2.71 more lymph nodes removed per patient (weighted mean difference = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68‐3.74, P <. 001), a 23% lower rate of accidental parathyroid removal (odds ratio = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.10‐0.54, P =. 0008), and similarly reduced rates of transient hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia. Compared with methylene blue, the use of CNs resulted in an average of 1.50 more lymph nodes removed per patient (weighted mean difference = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.11‐2.89, P =. 03) and a 5% reduction in the rate of accidental parathyroid removal (odds ratio = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.01‐0.29, P =. 0007).ConclusionCNs partially improve the extent and accuracy of neck dissection and preserve the normal anatomic structure and physiologic function of the parathyroid glands during thyroid cancer surgery.
Computerized tomography-guided sphenopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency treatment in 16 patients with refractory cluster headaches: Twelve- to 30-month follow-up evaluations
Authors: Fang Luo , Jingjing Lu , Ying Shen , Lan Meng , Tao Wang , Nan Ji 
Published: April 2015

Background Sphenopalatine ganglion percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation treatment can improve the symptoms of cluster headaches to some extent. However, as an ablation treatment, radiofrequency thermocoagulation treatment also has side effects. Objective To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-ablative computerized tomography-guided pulsed radiofrequency treatment of sphenopalatine ganglion in patients with refractory cluster headaches. Methods We included and analysed 16 consecutive cluster headache patients who failed to respond to conservative therapy from the Pain Management Center at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital between April 2012 and September 2013 treated with pulsed radiofrequency treatment of sphenopalatine ganglion. Results Eleven of 13 episodic cluster headaches patients and one of three chronic cluster headaches patient were completely relieved of the headache within an average of 6.3 ± 6.0 days following the treatment. Two episodic cluster headache patients and two chronic cluster headache patients showed no pain relief following the treatment. The mean follow-up time was 17.0 ± 5.5 months. All patients enrolled in this study showed no treatment-related side effects or complications. Conclusion Our data show that patients with refractory episodic cluster headaches were quickly, effectively and safely relieved from the cluster period after computerized tomography-guided pulsed radiofrequency treatment of sphenopalatine ganglion, suggesting that it may be a therapeutic option if conservative treatments fail.
Estimates of over-diagnosis of breast cancer due to population-based mammography screening in South Australia after adjustment for lead time effects
Authors: Beckmann Kerri , Duffy Stephen W , Lynch John , Hiller Janet , Farshid Gelareh , Roder David 
Published: April 2015

Objective To estimate over-diagnosis due to population-based mammography screening using a lead time adjustment approach, with lead time measures based on symptomatic cancers only. Subjects Women aged 40–84 in 1989–2009 in South Australia eligible for mammography screening. Methods Numbers of observed and expected breast cancer cases were compared, after adjustment for lead time. Lead time effects were modelled using age-specific estimates of lead time (derived from interval cancer rates and predicted background incidence, using maximum likelihood methods) and screening sensitivity, projected background breast cancer incidence rates (in the absence of screening), and proportions screened, by age and calendar year. Results Lead time estimates were 12, 26, 43 and 53 months, for women aged 40–49, 50–59, 60–69 and 70–79 respectively. Background incidence rates were estimated to have increased by 0.9% and 1.2% per year for invasive and all breast cancer. Over-diagnosis among women aged 40–84 was estimated at 7.9% (0.1–12.0%) for invasive cases and 12.0% (5.7–15.4%) when including ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). Conclusions We estimated 8% over-diagnosis for invasive breast cancer and 12% inclusive of DCIS cancers due to mammography screening among women aged 40–84. These estimates may overstate the extent of over-diagnosis if the increasing prevalence of breast cancer risk factors has led to higher background incidence than projected.
Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor Reduced Inflammation Response Induced by Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Deng Ying , Kong Junying 
Published: April 2015

Introduction and Objectives: Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to examine the role of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) in inflammation response induced by hyperlipidemia in rabbits. Methods: Thirty rabbits after injury of the right iliac artery endothelium were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, model group, and UTI group. Iliac arteries were isolated and histology was performed on arterial regions that were injured by balloon after 8 weeks. Neointimal thickness (NT) and neointimal to media radio (N/M) were measured. Blood lipids, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were evaluated. Macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. MicroRNA-181b (miR-181b) was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Urinary trypsin inhibitor therapy decreased serum inflammatory factor levels without significant changes in blood lipids. Compared with model group, UTI reduced macrophage infiltration of iliac artery (13.91 ± 2.03% vs 24.21 ± 8.94%, P < .01). Hyperlipidemia reduced the expression of miR-181b and increased NT and N/M ratio. Systemic administration of UTI rescued miR-181b expression and inhibited neointimal formation. Conclusions: Urinary trypsin inhibitor could reduce neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting inflammatory response induced by hyperlipidemia and may become a potential antiatherosclerosis supplement.
Chamfered-bowl piston for ultra-low particulate combustion with diesel and soybean biodiesel in a single-cylinder compression-ignition engine
Authors: Kim Junghwan , Oh Seungmook , Lee Yonggyu , Lee Sunyoup , Kim Duksang , Lee Youngjae , Huh Kang Yul 
Published: April 2015

Piston bowl geometries are critical to the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines. The present study investigated chamfered-bowl designs and biodiesel blending under a low-temperature combustion regime in order to achieve ultra-low particulate combustion (ULPC). The target soot level for ULPC was set at a filter smoke number value of 0.1 and engine experiments were conducted at the medium load condition. The injection visualization experiment provided the start of injection difference between the diesel and biodiesel fuels, while a three-dimensional computational simulation was conducted to examine the spray and combustion phenomena inside the engine cylinder. The experimental engine was a 1 l single-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a common-rail direct-injection system. The engine was operated at a speed of 1400 rev/min and the intake pressure was set at 200 kPa for a 50 per cent load condition. Two chamfered-bowl pistons were prepared for comparison with the conventional re-entrant bowl piston, and the experimental results showed that the chamfered-bowl pistons achieved significant soot reduction. In addition, computational analysis using a KIVA model showed that the chamfered bowls achieved wider fuel distribution and enhanced combustion. Biodiesel blending further reduced soot emission, and an increase in nitric oxides with biodiesel blends was also observed.
Lack of the nucleoside transporter ENT1 results in the Augustine-null blood type and ectopic mineralization
Authors: Daniels Geoff , Ballif Bryan A. , Helias Virginie , Saison Carole , Grimsley Shane , Mannessier Lucienne , Hustinx Hein , Lee Edmond , Cartron Jean-Pierre , Peyrard Thierry , Arnaud Lionel 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
SLC29A1 encoding the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) specifies a novel blood group system that includes the Ata antigen. Although At(a−) people of African ancestry have functional ENT1, 3 siblings of European ancestry were identified who do not express ENT1.
Hemostatic agents of broad applicability produced by selective tuning of factor Xa zymogenicity
Authors: Ivanciu Lacramioara , Camire Rodney M. 
Published: April 2015

Key PointsModulation of FX(a) zymogenicity yields proteins with a broad range of half-lives and biologic function yet potent in vivo efficacy. Zymogen-like variants are attractive molecules for alleviating bleeding in different clinical scenarios such as hemophilia.
Impairment of exogenous lactate clearance in experimental hyperdynamic septic shock is not related to total liver hypoperfusion
Authors: Tapia Pablo , Soto Dagoberto , Bruhn Alejandro , Alegría Leyla , Jarufe Nicolás , Luengo Cecilia , Kattan Eduardo , Regueira Tomás , Meissner Arturo , Menchaca Rodrigo , Vives María Ignacia , Echeverría Nicolas , Ospina-Tascón Gustavo , Bakker Jan , Hernández Glenn 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Although the prognostic value of persistent hyperlactatemia in septic shock is unequivocal, its physiological determinants are controversial. Particularly, the role of impaired hepatic clearance has been underestimated and is only considered relevant in patients with liver ischemia or cirrhosis. Our objectives were to establish whether endotoxemia impairs whole body net lactate clearance, and to explore a potential role for total liver hypoperfusion during the early phase of septic shock.

Methods
After anesthesia, 12 sheep were subjected to hemodynamic/perfusion monitoring including hepatic and portal catheterization, and a hepatic ultrasound flow probe. After stabilization (point A), sheep were alternatively assigned to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mcg/kg bolus followed by 4 mcg/kg/h) or sham for a three-hour study period. After 60 minutes of shock, animals were fluid resuscitated to normalize mean arterial pressure. Repeated series of measurements were performed immediately after fluid resuscitation (point B), and one (point C) and two hours later (point D). Monitoring included systemic and regional hemodynamics, blood gases and lactate measurements, and ex-vivo hepatic mitochondrial respiration at point D. Parallel exogenous lactate and sorbitol clearances were performed at points B and D. Both groups included an intravenous bolus followed by serial blood sampling to draw a curve using the least squares method.

Results
Significant hyperlactatemia was already present in LPS as compared to sham animals at point B (4.7 (3.1 to 6.7) versus 1.8 (1.5 to 3.7) mmol/L), increasing to 10.2 (7.8 to 12.3) mmol/L at point D. A significant increase in portal and hepatic lactate levels in LPS animals was also observed. No within-group difference in hepatic DO2, VO2 or O2 extraction, total hepatic blood flow (point D: 915 (773 to 1,046) versus 655 (593 to 1,175) ml/min), mitochondrial respiration, liver enzymes or sorbitol clearance was found. However, there was a highly significant decrease in lactate clearance in LPS animals (point B: 46 (30 to 180) versus 1,212 (743 to 2,116) ml/min, P <0.01; point D: 113 (65 to 322) versus 944 (363 to 1,235) ml/min, P <0.01).

Conclusions
Endotoxemia induces an early and severe impairment in lactate clearance that is not related to total liver hypoperfusion.
The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of wood energy value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic map protocol
Authors: Cerutti Paolo Omar , Sola Phosiso , Chenevoy Audrey , Iiyama Miyuki , Yila Jummai , Zhou Wen , Djoudi Houria , Atyi Richard Eba’a , Gautier Denis Jean , Gumbo Davison , Kuehl Yannick , Levang Patrice , Martius Christopher , Matthews Robin , Nasi Robert , Neufeldt Henry , Njenga Mary , Petrokofsky Gillian , Saunders Matthew , Shepherd Gill , Sonwa Denis Jean , Sundberg Cecilia , van Noordwijk Meine 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
The vast majority of households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depend on wood energy—comprising firewood and charcoal—for their daily energetic needs. Such consumption trends are expected to remain a common feature of SSA’s wood energy production and supply chains, at least in the short- to medium-terms. Notwithstanding its importance, wood energy generally has low priority in SSA national policies. However, the use of wood energy is often considered a key driver of unsustainable management and negative environmental consequences in the humid and dry forests.
To date, unsystematic assessments of the socio-economic and environmental consequences of wood energy use have underplayed its significance, thus further hampering policy debates. Therefore, a more balanced approach which considers both demand and supply dynamics is needed. This systematic map aims at providing a comprehensive approach to understanding the role and impacts of wood energy across all regions and aspects in SSA.

Methods
The objective of this systematic map is to collate evidence from studies of environmental and socio-economic impacts of wood energy value chains, by considering both demand and supply within SSA. The map questions are framed using a Populations, Exposure, Comparators and Outcomes (PECO) approach. We name the supply and demand of wood energy as the “exposure,” composed of wood energy production, harvesting, processing, and consumption. The populations of interest include both the actors involved in these activities and the forest sites where these activities occur. The comparator is defined as those cases where the same wood energy activities occur with i) available/accessible alternative energy sources, ii) regulatory frameworks that govern the sector and iii) alternative technologies for efficient use. The outcomes of interest encompass both socioeconomic and environmental impacts that can affect more than the populations named above. For instance, in addition to the direct socioeconomic impacts felt by participants in the wood energy value chain, forest dwellers may experience livelihood changes due to forest degradation caused by external harvesters. Moreover, intensified deforestation in one area may concurrently lead to forest regeneration in another.
I drink for my liver, Doc: emerging evidence that coffee prevents cirrhosis
Authors: Feld Jordan J. , Lavoie Élise G. , Fausther Michel , Dranoff Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2015

Evidence demonstrating that regular ingestion of coffee has salutary effects on patients with chronic liver disease is accumulating rapidly. Specifically, it appears that coffee ingestion can slow the progression of liver fibrosis, preventing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This should excite clinicians and scientists alike, since these observations, if true, would create effective, testable hypotheses that should lead to improved understanding on fibrosis pathogenesis and thus may generate novel pharmacologic treatments of patients with chronic liver disease.This review is designed to examine the relevant clinical and epidemiological data in critical fashion and to examine the putative pharmacological effects of coffee relevant to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. We hope that this will inspire relevant critical analyses, especially among “coffee skeptics”. Of note, one major assumption made by this review is that the bulk of the effects of coffee consumption are mediated by caffeine, rather than by other chemical constituents of coffee. Our rationales for this assumption are threefold: first, caffeine’s effects on adenosinergic signaling provide testable hypotheses; second, although there are myriad chemical constituents of coffee, they are present in very low concentrations, and perhaps more importantly, vary greatly between coffee products and production methods (it is important to note that we do not dismiss the “botanical” hypothesis here; rather, we do not emphasize it at present due to the limitations of the studies examined); lastly, some (but not all) observational studies have examined both coffee and non-coffee caffeine consumption and found consistent effects, and when examined, no benefit to decaffeinated coffee has been observed. Further, in the interval since we examined this phenomenon last, further evidence has accumulated supporting caffeine as the effector molecule for coffee’s salutary effects.
Internal capsule integrity and its sex-related structural differences in early-onset schizophrenia - diffusion tensor imaging study.
Authors: Gawłowska Marta , Rabe-Jabłońska Jolanta , Gębski Piotr , Chomczyński Piotr 
Published: April 2015

CelNajbardziej powtarzalne wyniki badań DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging-obrazowanie tensora dyfuzji) w schizofrenii dotyczą zmniejszonych wartości FA (Fractional Anizotropy-frakcjonalna anizotropia) w regionach płatów skroniowych i czołowych z towarzyszącymi nieprawidłowościami w obrębie łączących je włókien neuronalnych. Celem powyższego badania była ocena różnic w zakresie frakcjonalnej anizotropii w regionie torebki wewnętrznej pomiędzy pacjentami z EOS (Early Onset Schizophrenia-schizofrenia o wczesnym początku) i zdrową kontrolą, z naciskiem na płeć jako potencjalnie kluczowym czynnikiem determinującym dominujący wzorzec opisywanych zmian.MetodaPrzy użyciu DTI przebadano 30 pacjentów z EOS oraz 30-osobową zdrową grupę kontrolną. Dokonano oceny FA w obrębie torebki wewnętrznej w kilku wyznaczonych regionach zainteresowania. Do analizy statystycznej użyto jednokierunkowego testu ANOVA (p<0.05).WynikiZaobserwowano znaczące statystycznie różnice w zakresie FA pomiędzy pacjentami z EOS i grupą kontrolną w regionie przedniej odnogi torebki wewnętrznej (ALIC) po stronie prawej – z niższymi wartościami FA w grupie pacjentów. Znamienne statystycznie różnice FA u badanych kobiet wykazano wyłącznie dla ALIC po prawej stronie. Nie stwierdzono żadnych różnic istotnych statystycznie u badanych mężczyzn.Wnioski1.	Istnieją znamienne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy pacjentami z EOS (w podgrupie kobiet) i grupą kontrolną w zakresie dyfuzyjności istoty białej w regionie odnogi przedniej torebki wewnętrznej po stronie prawej.
2.	Uzyskane wyniki sugerują zaangażowanie struktur torebki wewnętrznej w rozwój schizofrenii o wczesnym początku.
Through the eyes of the beholder: University student leaders’ understanding of citizenship
Authors: Miller Janet , Connolly Randy , Racy Famira 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article explores the concept of citizenship based on the experience of student leaders from a mid-sized university in western Canada. Five student leaders participated in semi-structured individual interviews to explore their experience with, and understanding of citizenship. Interviews concentrated on personal view points and definitions of citizenship, explored whether or not there are good and great citizens, and the role universities play in fostering strong citizenship amongst its student body. The measurement of citizenship and opportunities to foster citizenship were also explored. Qualitative content analysis revealed five themes, including political participation, social citizenship/solidarity, engagement, transformative action and autonomy. Citizenship, while highly valued by this population, also appears to be impossible to measure. If post-secondary institutions are aiming to create better citizens, more work needs to be done to create a common understanding of the intended outcome. Based on these findings, a new potential model of citizenship is proposed, in line with the work of Dalton and others who emphasize a shift towards personal involvement over traditional political engagement. Further, these results suggest that students could benefit from understanding themselves as political agents, capable of inculcating change within the university context and beyond.
Evolution of the Docklands Food Hub: A Design-Led Innovation Approach to Food Sovereignty Through Local Food Systems
Authors: Ballantyne-Brodie Emily , Wrigley Cara , Ramsey Rebecca 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Access to nutritious, safe and culturally appropriate food is a basic human right (Mechlem, 2004). Food sovereignty defines this right through the empowerment of the people to redefine food and agricultural systems, and through ecologically sustainable production methods. At the heart of the food sovereignty movement are the interests of producers, distributors and consumers, rather than the interests of markets and corporations, which dominate the current globalized food system (Hinrichs, 2003). Food sovereignty challenges designers to enable people to innovate the food system. We are yet to develop economically viable solutions for scaling projects and providing citizens, governments and business with tools to develop and promote projects to innovate food systems and promote food sovereignty (Meroni, 2011; Murray, Caulier-Grice and Mulgan, 2010). This article examines how a design-led approach to innovation can assist in the development of new business models and ventures for local food systems: this is presented through an emerging field of research ‘Design-Led Food Communities’. Design-Led Food Communities enables citizens, governments and business to innovate local food projects through the application of design. This article reports on the case study of the Docklands Food Hub Project in Melbourne, Australia. Preliminary findings demonstrate valued outcomes, but also a deficiency in the design process to generate food solutions collaboratively between government, business and citizens.