bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPL01 ETHICAL ISSUES ON GLOBAL HEALTH
Authors: Benmakhlouf Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The lecture will try to give some hints on the need for a global health, mainly from the point of view of African countries.
Although Global health is acknowledged as one single health, it is not sufficiently defended, nor is sufficiently implied in public reasoning, let alone in political decisions. “This notion of global health corresponds to the realization that any health event occurring on the other side of the world now concerns everyone” (An interview of Dominique Kerouedan, in « Sciences au Sud », N°68, January, February, March, 2013). It refers more generally to “prevention, vaccination, access to water, sanitation, hygiene education, family planning, primary care, reducing the shortage of caregivers, access to medicines, availability of health information” (Idem).
“Global” is not just a spatial concept, signifying the transition from epidemic to pandemic. The concept of "global health" conceals heterogeneous realities. Three factors are involved: 1) the disease, 2) the social perception to which it gives rise, and 3) the medical response (treatment, vaccination, etc.). Didier Fassin suggests we speak of “interconnection” rather than “extension” (Médecine/sciences, Med Sci (Paris), Volume 31, Number 5, May 2015).
It is difficult to separate global health from health inequalities and inequalities of access to prevention. In Africa, there’s a lack of strategy for early detection of chronic diseases such as infectious diseases, as well as a lack of studies of incidence and prevalence country by country. We cannot neglect parasitic diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases, notably diabetes and cancer and being focused only on infectious diseases that lead to epidemics.
SPL11 BASIC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR UNIVERSAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CARE
Authors: Moti Suvarna , van Dijk Frank 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) emphasises equity, quality and protection against financial risk for utilization of health services extending the Basic Occupational Health Services’ (BOHS) conceptual framework. Global progress toward UHC has to factor the need for occupational health care among 80 percent of working populations deprived of this care. BOHS, focussing upon the primary care approach for working populations without organised or expert occupational health care, has the potential to change the landscape for efficient occupational health care systems through prioritization and pooling of scarce resources aligned with the local needs and conditions. This session will look beyond the provision of occupational health care in organised sector and discuss the access for such care among underserved working populations in informal employment, migrant and temporary workers, agricultural workers etc. A survey conducted among leading BOHS-associated experts globally underlines the challenges and facilitators to execute such a process towards Universal Occupational Health Care in a sustainable manner through a thematic construct of their experiences. Similarly, other models of occupational health care providing few elements, either through primary or private care, will be referred to augment the evidence base. There will be recommendations basis these learnings to shape the narrative for a wider discourse on BOHS-driven Universal Occupational Health Care.
SS01-04 DID MANAGERS’ WORK SITUATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC LEAD TO LONG-LASTING RELATION-ORIENTED LEADERSHIP?
Authors: Ljung Robert , Lundqvist Daniel , Reineholm Cathrine , Wallo Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to contribute knowledge about managers' work situation during the corona pandemic. More specifically, the report focused on describing how managers' work situation has changed as a result of the corona pandemic in terms of tasks and work environment, work conditions, leadership and relationships with employees.

Materials and Methods
A mixed-method design was performed for this project. To explore the proportions of managers’ situation, a survey was conducted, and a total of 1,000 managers participated. Interviews covered the qualitative aspects, a total of 50 managers participated in a structural interview.

Results
The finding is that managers' work situation did not radically change due to the corona pandemic. However, the operational work increased during the pandemic at the expense of the strategic work. Work environment management was re-prioritized during the pandemic depending on the type of business and where the work was carried out (at site or remote work). It was reported that the leadership shifted to more relation-orientated leadership. However, the results show some differences depending on where the work has been carried out, branch, management experience, number of direct reporting employees, and gender.

Conclusions
To support managers and their work, it is essential to create standard guidelines and policies within the organization, create a buffer of resources to handle future unforeseen events, work up a crisis management preparedness, and actively care about employees’ and managers' development environments.
SS02-02 STRENGTHS AND AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE MOROCCAN SYSTEM
Authors: Khiraoui Abdelkrim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As one of the first countries to establish legislation and regulations for occupational diseases, Morocco has a system that exhibits several strengths but also requires ongoing improvements. Key strengths include: (i) Legislation on occupational diseases has been in existence since 1927, allowing for the free choice of a treating physician who assesses the degree of Permanent Partial Disability (IPP) resulting from the occupational disease; (ii) An organization for the prevention of occupational diseases; (iii) A public-private partnership in insurance since 2015, between insurance companies and CNRA - the insurance company covers the risk, deposits the capital for the annuity in the event of a claim with CNRA, and CNRA guarantees and manages the annuity service.
Areas for improvement in occupational disease coverage include: (i) A need to improve employers' understanding of the legislation and regulations, as they are currently fragmented, complex, and difficult to access; (ii) Employer-led prevention efforts to reduce the frequency and cost of claims; (iii) Medical expertise; (iv) The legal process, which involves multiple stakeholders with roles and coordination that are not optimized; (v) The sustainability of this insurance coverage to benefit both employers and their employees when needed; (vi) The simplification of administrative and legal procedures in the event of a claim; (vii) The optimization of insurance coverage to make it affordable for all businesses, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and to improve coverage rates; (viii) Regular revision of the list of occupational diseases; and (ix) Acceptance by insurers of certain sectors with very high exposure to protect all workers and ensure equal coverage among them.
SS05 EMERGING AND CONTINUING BIOHAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Ross Mary 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This special session will focus on the emerging and continuing biohazards present in various workplace environments. It will provide a platform for experts and researchers to discuss the latest trends, challenges, and advancements in identifying, assessing, and managing biohazards in the workplace. The session will cover sub-themes such as emerging infectious diseases, occupational exposure to biohazards, biological agents in healthcare settings, emerging workplace biohazardous threats, and strategies for prevention and control. Attendees will gain valuable insights into the evolving landscape of workplace biohazards and the importance of effective risk management to ensure worker health and safety.

Brief learning outcomes
– Gain an understanding of the emerging biohazards in different workplace settings and their potential impact on worker health and safety. – Explore the current research and trends related to occupational exposure to biohazards and their associated health risks. – Learn about the latest developments in preventing and managing infectious diseases in the workplace, with a focus on emerging pathogens and their control measures. – Acquire knowledge on the potential risks arising from emerging biohazardous threats in different industries and explore strategies to mitigate the associated risks.
SS06-02 DELIVERING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AS A UNIVERSAL FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT AT WORK – THE LMIC DILEMMA
Authors: Shah Divyang , Pingle Shyam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The ILO has now recognized safety and health as a universal fundamental right at work. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is a long and daunting task. India, with almost 25% of the global labour force, is a glaring example of challenges in achieving this objective among LMICs.

Methods
India faces unique challenges in occupational health (OH) service delivery. Limited resources and disparities in healthcare infrastructure can hinder access to quality OH services, especially for marginalized populations. India is a country of paradoxes with the best and worst examples. Its diverse economic landscape encompasses large, medium, small, and microenterprises. Larger organizations have more resources and infrastructure to support OH programs, while smaller entities may struggle to implement comprehensive OH services, leaving many workers without access.

Results
In India, OH is the mandate of the labour and employment ministry, while delivery of health services is the mandate of the health ministry. And these two ministries seldom interact. OH service delivery varies significantly across different sectors. Organized industries have established OH programs, while the service and agricultural sectors lag behind.

Conclusion
Capacity building, infrastructure and awareness are the main challenges. Promoting OH as a fundamental right at work requires collaboration between government, industry, and civil society to ensure that all workers, regardless of their economic status, organization size, work model, or occupational sector, have equitable access to essential OH services and protections. The Indian Association of Occupational Health is a professional organization engaged in advocacy and awareness creation and is playing the role of a facilitator.
SS07-06 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE AS A FIREFIGHTER: CONTRIBUTION FROM BIOMONITORING ASSAYS
Authors: Oliveira Marta , Morais S , Delerue-Matos C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The occupational exposure as a firefighter was recently classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The firefighters’ activity is genotoxic, induces epigenetic alterations, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Firefighting forces are occupationally exposed to different chemical hazards primarily via inhalation and dermal contact. Over the last decades, human biomonitoring studies have characterized the direct impact of occupational activity, particularly firefighting, on firefighters’ bodies.

Materials and Methods
This work describes the contribution of firefighters’ biomonitoring to better understand the exposure levels and related health risks. Human biomonitoring assays have significantly contributed to characterizing the occupational exposure of firefighting forces with the determination of different biomarkers of exposure to health-relevant pollutants, particularly those released during fires, in firefighters’ biological fluids (e.g., urine, blood, and saliva).

Results
Overall, biological levels of some volatile organic compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals were predominantly increased in firefighters after participation in firefighting activities. Moreover, biomonitoring assays performed on firefighters also characterized some biomarkers of effect, namely oxidative stress, DNA damage, stress hormones, inflammation, and vascular, lung, and liver injury.

Conclusion
These assays demonstrated short-term biological changes that if prolonged throughout the firefighter's career can promote the development and/or aggravation of diseases (e.g., cardio-respiratory diseases and cancer). The major limitations of biomonitoring assays will be highlighted, and future research needs will be proposed.
SS07-08 EFFECT OF NON-FACE-TO-FACE FIREFIGHTER SLEEP DISORDER INTERVENTION PROGRAM DURING COVID-19
Authors: Ahn Yeon-Soon , Jeong Kyoung Sook , Hong Yujin , Song Suah , Lee Youjin , Cho Ayeong , Suh Sooyeon , Lee Sangha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Firefighters experience irregular sleep patterns and sleep disturbance due to shift work. Online cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) can be an accessible and effective treatment when considering the work environment of firefighters. The purpose of this field study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online sleep intervention (FIT-INdividual) tailored to firefighters.

Materials and Methods
Ninety-nine firefighters (mean age = 37.8 ± 9.1, male 86.9%) participated in four 33 weekly sessions to improve sleep. All participants completed a weekly sleep diary and the following questionnaires before and after the intervention: the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Index (DDNSI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-16 (DBAS-16), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5).

Results
Sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset decreased significantly following the intervention (ps &lt; .01). In addition, sleep efficiency increased significantly (ps &lt; .001). There were also significant improvements for ISI, DDNSI, ESS, FSS, DBAS-16, PHQ-9, and PCL-5 scores (ps &lt; .05).

Conclusions
Significant improvements in sleep and psychological indices were observed for firefighters receiving an online sleep intervention. FIT-INdividual can be a therapeutic option for active firefighters experiencing sleep difficulties during times such as COVID-19 when face-to-face contact must be reduced.
SS08-05 AN INVESTIGATION INTO HAZARDS, CONTROLS AND ENHANCEMENT OF PROTECTIVE WORKPLACE PRACTICES IN ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Singo Josephine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) accounts for more than 50% of national gold production, contributing to sustainable livelihood and economic development in Zimbabwe. However, ASGM in Zimbabwe involves semi-mechanisation and high-risk underground mining processes with compromised workplace practices.

Methods
Triangulation and method mixing were applied through cross-sectional survey; risk assessment; in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The Kadoma and Shurugwi mining towns were purposefully selected. The Kish Leslie formula was used to calculate a representative sample. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied for quantitative data. Qualitative data was coded and analysed through thematic analysis. Method mixing was applied during data collection and analysis.

Results
Numerous hazards and risks, lacking effective control measures and compromised protective measures, were confirmed. Mercury pollution, accidents, injuries, HIV, TB, malaria risk, as well as alcohol and drug use, were found. The odds of experiencing health and safety risks increased when exposed to underground mining, long working hours, workplace violence and equipment use. Informal practices such as mining activities within homesteads, underground mining near riverbanks and ASGM activities on agriculture sites were revealed. Disabling causal factors contributing to compromised workplace risk management included human, workplace, ASGM-related and contextual factors. Men were more vulnerable to injuries while women occupied peripheral roles. Proposed risk mitigation layers included formalisation, organisation of protective workplace practices and behaviour change. However, each mitigation layer was characterised by gaps and limitations.

Conclusion
ASGM in Zimbabwe is characterised by numerous hazards, compromised control measures, disabling causal factors, and shortcomings in risk mitigation.
SS10-05 THE INDICATIONS OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL RADIATION PROTECTION (AIRM) FOR THE HEALTH SURVEILLANCE OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION
Authors: Castellani Giulia , Taino Giuseppe , Modenese Alberto , De Luca Giuseppe , Moccaldi Roberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Italian transposition of the Directive 2013/59/EURATOM (i.e. Legislative Decree 101/2020) includes relevant updates and innovations on the OHS related to ionizing radiation (IR) risk, including the health surveillance (HS) of exposed workers, that in Italy can be provided only by a specifically qualified medical practitioner named “Authorized Physician”.

Methods
According to the normative changes and to the new scientific knowledge, the Italian Association of Medical Radiation Protection (AIRM) updated its workers’ HS guidelines published in 2013, with a new handbook containing full operational indications for the Authorized Physicians, released in 2022.

Results
The new AIRM indications are entitled "The health surveillance of workers exposed to ionizing radiation. A handbook for the Authorized Physician” and provide updated scientific based praxis for the daily professional activity of the medical practitioners in charge for the HS of IR-exposed workers, following the current Italian and EU legislation. The text includes 21 chapters, exploring the main issues of medical radiation protection: radiobiology, deterministic and stochastic effects, principles of radiation-induced carcinogenic processes, the basis of risk assessment (including principles of physical surveillance and calculation of the detriment for the stochastic risk), HS and fitness-for-work, the Probability of Causation method and its applications, the health management of radiological and nuclear emergencies.

Conclusions
The new AIRM handbook for medical practitioners in charge of the HS of IR-exposed workers presents a comprehensive panorama of the medical radiation protection discipline, with up-to-date indications consistent with the latest EU Directive 2013/59/EURATOM.
SS11-03 CURRICULUM OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE (OEM) TO BE ADAPTED TO THE AFRICAN CONTEXT
Authors: Gasana Janvier , Cloeren Marianne , Omokhodion Folashade 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Teaching occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) is limited, the situation getting dire in Africa with critical shortages of health workers while increasing numbers of workers are employed in high-hazard industrial jobs.

Methods
Publications on OEM training in the last 20 years were retrieved from PubMed and other search engines. Inclusion criteria were occupational medicine / environmental medicine / OEM, training, and diploma in the title or abstract or ‘OEM’ in text.

Results
Out of 4,095 publications, 20 that met inclusion criteria were reviewed. OEM training formats were in-person, online, or hybrid (in-person/online), use of case studies / didactic sessions / workplace field visits / videos / text-based readings and online discussion forum. Diplomas, certificates, and degrees in OEM were awarded. The five basic public health areas (environmental / occupational health, epidemiology / biostatistics, health policy / management, social / behavioral sciences, and public health practice) for OEM training diploma seems suitable to the African context.

Conclusions
Diplomas in OEM may be a shortcut for the shortage of OEM practitioners while schools are working on strengthening OEM given that occupational health is increasingly recognized as area of importance in Africa. Limited studies of occupational disease and injury in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing showed high prevalence of work-related diseases among workers and serious impact of workplaces on surrounding populations and environment in the context of limited or non-existent occupational / environmental regulations. E-learning discussion forum and workplace field visits showed better results for acquisition of OEM knowledge and skills while reading textbooks provided good foundational knowledge.
SS14 NANOMATERIAL WORKERS' HEALTH: STATE OF THE ART, PERSPECTIVES, AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Iavicoli Ivo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The special session “Nanomaterial workers' health: State of the art, perspectives, and challenges” aims to provide an overview on the current knowledge, future perspectives and critical issues for nanomaterials risk assessment and management that need to be addressed to protect the health of workers involved in research, manufacturing, production, and disposal of nanomaterials and/or nano-enabled products.
Therefore, the proposed contributions will provide an update on exposure evaluation, with particular attention to the nanomaterials’ intrinsic and extrinsically acquired features potentially influencing such assessment, and biological monitoring that may overall contribute to the evaluation of the internal doses, as well as to identify early adverse biological alterations in occupationally exposed populations.
The session will point out the relevance to proceed with epidemiological investigations in the nanomaterials’ field as a helpful means to sustain a responsible development of nanotechnologies. In this view, the ethical and sustainable strategies that have been providing guidance in nanotechnology development will characterize a model for the responsible implementation of other emerging technologies and forms of work fostering safe development and realization of societal and commercial benefits and conditions of decent work for all.
SS15 PROACTIVE APPROACH TO ACCIDENT PREVENTION THROUGH RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Michell Karen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A safe and healthy working environment is a fundamental principle and right at work (ILO) and this together with the growing need to create social sustainability within organisations, their working conditions, and the workplace creates an environment where effective occupational injury, ill health and disease prevention are imperative. The management of risk can be challenging but even more so when it is applied in high risk sectors. Risk management strategies provide an understanding of the risks associated with given work-related hazards and activities while enabling effective controls to be applied to prevent adverse events.
This session will explore the risks associated with vulnerable and high-risk sectors i.e. high-risk industries such as oil and gas, as well as small- and medium-sized enterprises and provide insights into how injury and disease prevention as well as a safe and healthy work for all can be achieved.