bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constrained Hamiltonian Monte Carlo in BEKK GARCH with Targeting
Authors: Burda Martin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe GARCH class of models for dynamic conditional covariances trades off flexibility with parameter parsimony. The unrestricted BEKK GARCH dominates its restricted scalar and diagonal versions in terms of model fit, but its parameter dimensionality increases quickly with the number of variables. Covariance targeting has been proposed as a way of reducing parameter dimensionality, but for the BEKK with targeting the imposition of positive definiteness on the conditional covariance matrices presents a significant challenge. In this article, we suggest an approach based on Constrained Hamiltonian Monte Carlo that can deal effectively both with the nonlinear constraints resulting from BEKK targeting and the complicated nature of the BEKK likelihood in relatively high dimensions. We perform a model comparison of the full BEKK and the BEKK with targeting, indicating that the latter dominates the former in terms of marginal likelihood. Thus, we show that the BEKK with targeting presents an effective way of reducing parameter dimensionality without compromising the model fit, unlike the scalar or diagonal BEKK. The model comparison is conducted in the context of an application concerning a multivariate dynamic volatility analysis of a foreign exchange rate returns portfolio.
Mechanical and thermal properties of impact modified PBT blends and impact modified PBT nanocomposites
Authors: Sharma Ranjana , Jain Purnima , Sadhu Susmita Dey , Kaur Bikramjit 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Elastomer toughened poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/organoclay [Cloisite 30B, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT)] nanocomposites were prepared via melt blending using a micro-compounder. In this work, two types of impact modifiers, ultra low density polyethylene grafted glycidyl methacrylate (ULDPE-g-GMA, IM1) and ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA, IM2) were used, and a detailed comparison of the effect of both was made. With respect to the impact strength, 2 wt% of ULDPE-g-GMA produced a better result as compared to 2 wt% E-MA-GMA. Therefore, 2 wt% of ULDPE-g-GMA is considered as the optimized percentage for the preparation of nanocomposites. Being an impact modifier, ULDPE-g-GMA decreases the yield stress, tensile modulus and breaking strength of pure PBT. This issue was addressed in this paper by using organoclay, which may improve the tensile properties of PBT materials. The content of ULDPE-g-GMA was kept constant, whereas organoclay (OMMT) content was varied from 2 to 5 wt% in nanocomposites. The melting and crystallization behavior of pure PBT, impact modified PBT and its nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Crystalline morphology was investigated using polarizing optical microscopy (POM) at 185°C, 195°C, and 205°C crystallization temperatures. The optimum increase in tensile modulus of the elastomer toughened PBT nanocomposites was seen with a 3 wt% addition of organoclay.
Needle aspirate PTH in diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism due to intrathyroidal parathyroid cyst
Authors: Dutta Deep , Selvan Chitra , Kumar Manoj , Datta Saumik , Das Ram Narayan , Ghosh Sujoy , Mukhopadhyay Satinath , Chowdhury Subhankar 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Parathyroid cysts are rare (0.8–3.41% of all parathyroid lesions) and usually arise secondary to cystic degeneration of parathyroid adenomas. Intrathyroidal parathyroid cysts are extremely rare with only three cases reported till date. We present a 24-year-old female with clinical and biochemical features of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT; Ca2
+: 12.1 mg/dl; intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH): 1283 pg/ml) and poor radiotracer uptake with minimal residual uptake in the left thyroid lobe at 2 and 4 h on Tc99m sestamibi imaging. Neck ultrasonography (USG) revealed 0.6×1 cm parathyroid posterior left lobe of thyroid along with 22×18 mm simple thyroid cyst. USG-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and needle tip iPTH estimation (FNA-iPTH) from parathyroid lesion was inconclusive (114 pg/ml), necessitating FNA of thyroid cyst, which revealed high iPTH (3480 pg/ml) from the aspirate. The patient underwent a left hemithyroidectomy. A >50% drop in serum iPTH 20 min after left hemithyroidectomy (29.4 pg/ml) along with histopathology suggestive of intrathyroidal cystic parathyroid adenoma (cystic lesion lined by chief cell variant parathyroid cells without any nuclear atypia, capsular or vascular invasion surrounded by normal thyroid follicles) confirmed that the parathyroid cyst was responsible for PHPT. This report highlights the importance of FNA-iPTH in localizing and differentiating a functional parathyroid lesion from nonfunctional tissue in PHPT.

Learning points

Fine-needle aspiration from suspected parathyroid lesion and needle tip iPTH (FNA-iPTH) estimation from the saline washing has an important role in localizing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

FNA-iPTH estimation may help in differentiating functional from nonfunctional parathyroid lesion responsible for PHPT.

iPTH estimation from aspirate of an intrathyroid cyst is helpful in differentiating intrathyroidal parathyroid cyst from thyroid cyst.
Trastuzumab-Related Cardiotoxicity in Early Breast Cancer: A Cohort Study
Authors: Bonifazi Martina , Franchi Matteo , Rossi Marta , Moja Lorenzo , Zambelli Alberto , Zambon Antonella , Corrao Giovanni , La Vecchia Carlo , Zocchetti Carlo , Negri Eva 
Published: July 2013

Learning Objectives
Evaluate the frequency of trastuzumab-related serious cardiac events in clinical practice. Assess the cumulative incidence of cardiac disorders at 1, 2, and 3 years after first administration, irrespective of drug discontinuation. Identify predictors for the onset of cardiotoxicity.
l‐Mimosine and Dimethyloxaloylglycine Decrease Plasminogen Activation in Periodontal Fibroblasts
Authors: Wehner Christian , Gruber Reinhard , Agis Hermann 
Published: July 2013

Background: The use of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors such as l‐mimosine (L‐MIM) and dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) to improve angiogenesis is a new approach for periodontal regeneration. In addition to exhibiting pro‐angiogenic effects, prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors can modulate the plasminogen activator system in cells from non‐oral tissues. This study assesses the effect of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors on plasminogen activation by fibroblasts from the periodontium.Methods: Gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were incubated with L‐MIM and DMOG. To investigate whether prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors modulate the net plasminogen activation, kinetic assays were performed with and without interleukin (IL)‐1. Moreover, plasminogen activators and the respective inhibitors were analyzed by casein zymography, immune assays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: The kinetic assay showed that L‐MIM and DMOG reduced plasminogen activation under basal and IL‐1–stimulated conditions. Casein zymography revealed that the effect of L‐MIM involves a decrease in urokinase‐type plasminogen activator activity. In agreement with these findings, reduced levels of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator and elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were observed.Conclusion: L‐MIM and DMOG can reduce plasminogen activation by fibroblasts from the gingiva and the periodontal ligament under basal conditions and in the presence of an inflammatory cytokine.
Open‐Flap Versus Flapless Esthetic Crown Lengthening: 12‐Month Clinical Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda V. , Hirata Daniel Y. , Reis André F. , Santos Vanessa R. , Miranda Tamires S. , Faveri Marcelo , Duarte Poliana M. 
Published: July 2013

Background: Excessive gingival display (EGD) has a negative impact on a pleasant smile. Minimally invasive therapeutic modalities have become the standard treatment in many dentistry fields. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of open‐flap (OF) and minimally invasive flapless (FL) esthetic crown lengthening (ECL) for the treatment of EGD.Methods: A split‐mouth randomized controlled trial was conducted in 28 patients presenting with EGD. Contralateral quadrants received ECL using OF or FL techniques. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months post‐surgery. The local levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 3 months. Patients’ perceptions regarding morbidity and esthetic appearance were also evaluated. Periodontal tissue dimensions were obtained by computed tomography at baseline and correlated with the changes in the gingival margin (GM).Results: Patients reported low morbidity and high satisfaction with esthetic appearance for both procedures (P >0.05). RANKL and OPG concentrations were increased in the OF group at 3 months (P <0.05). Probing depths were reduced for both groups at all time points, compared with baseline (P <0.05). There were no differences between groups for GM reduction at any time point (P >0.05).Conclusions: FL and OF surgeries produced stable and similar clinical results up to 12 months. FL ECL may be a predictable alternative approach for the treatment of EGD.
Fractures of the third trochanter in horses: 8 cases (2000–2012)
Authors: Bertoni Lélia , Seignour Maeva , de Mira Monica C. , Coudry Virginie , Audigie Fabrice , Denoix Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine history; clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and scintigraphic features; management; and outcome associated with third trochanter fractures in horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—8 horses.
Procedures—Records from 2000 to 2012 were reviewed, and signalment, case history, severity and duration of lameness, results of physical and lameness examinations, imaging findings, management, and outcome were evaluated.
Results—All horses had a history of acute onset of severe lameness. Four of the 8 horses had localizing physical signs of fracture. No specific gait characteristics were identified. Ultrasonographically, there was a single bony fragment displaced cranially in 7 of 8 horses and multiple bony fragments in 1. Concurrent gluteus superficialis muscle enthesopathy was identified in 7 horses. A standing craniolateral-caudomedial 25° oblique radiographic view was obtained in 3 horses to document the lesion and revealed in all 3 horses a simple complete longitudinal fracture between the midlevel and the base of the third trochanter. Nuclear scintigraphy was used to identify the affected area of the limb for further examination in 2 horses. Follow-up revealed that fractures healed with a fibrous union, with persistence of cranial displacement of the fragment. Lameness resolved after nonsurgical management for all horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Fracture of the third trochanter should be considered as a cause of hind limb lameness in horses when the proximal portion of the limb is affected. Diagnosis can easily be made with ultrasonography, but nuclear scintigraphy may help in identifying the lesion. Prognosis for return to athletic activity is good after an appropriate period of rest and restricted exercise.
Effects of tulathromycin on incidence of various diseases and growth of young heifers
Authors: Stanton Amy L. , Kelton David F. , LeBlanc Stephen J. , Wormuth Jeanne , Fox Lawrence K. , Leslie Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of administration of 1 dose of tulathromycin on the incidence of various diseases and growth, identify risk factors for slow growth, and determine the association of Mycoplasma bovis status with the incidence of otitis media in calves.
Design—Randomized controlled trial and cross-sectional study.
Animals—788 dairy heifer calves (median age, 3 days).
Procedures—Calves received tulathromycin or a saline (0.9% NaCl) solution control treatment once. Calves were observed daily for 8 weeks by farm staff to detect diseases. Nasal swab specimens were collected from some calves for Mycoplasma spp culture.
Results—Tulathromycin-treated calves had significantly lower odds of developing otitis media (OR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.82) versus control calves. Control calves had significantly higher odds of developing diarrhea (OR, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.6) versus tulathromycin-treated calves. Control calves and those with failure of passive transfer, fever, lameness, respiratory tract disease, or diarrhea had significantly lower average daily gain versus other calves. Seventeen of the 66 (26%) calves that underwent repeated testing had positive Mycoplasma spp culture results, but positive results were not associated with otitis media. One of 42 calves with otitis media tested for Mycoplasma spp had positive results, and 1 of 43 age-matched calves without otitis media had positive results.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tulathromycin-treated calves in this study had a lower incidence of diarrhea and otitis media versus control calves. Various diseases had negative effects on average daily gain. Mycoplasma bovis status was not associated with otitis media in calves.
Efficacy of feeding a lacteal-derived colostrum replacer or pooled maternal colostrum with a low IgG concentration for prevention of failure of passive transfer in dairy calves
Authors: Pithua Patrick , Aly Sharif S. , Haines Deborah M. , Champagne John D. , Middleton John R. , Poock Scott E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare the efficacy of a lacteal-derived colostrum replacer (LDCR) for the prevention of failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) in calves with that of pooled maternal colostrum (MC).
Design—Randomized field trial.
Animals—568 heifer calves from 1 California dairy.
Procedures—Calves were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups and fed 2 doses (200 g of IgG) of an LDCR or 3.8 L of pooled MC. From each calf, blood samples were collected before and approximately 24 hours after treatment. Serum IgG and total protein (TP) concentrations were quantified with standard methods, and the apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was calculated.
Results—At 24 hours after treatment, mean serum TP and IgG concentrations were significantly lower for calves fed pooled MC (TP, 4.77 g/dL; IgG, 7.50 g/L), compared with those for calves fed the LDCR (TP, 5.50 g/dL; IgG, 15.15 g/L). Calves fed the LDCR were 95% less likely to develop FPT (OR, 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.03 to 0.08) than were calves fed pooled MC. However, the mean IgG concentration in the pooled MC fed during the study (21.1 g/L) was substantially lower than that (64.3 g/L) determined for representative samples of pooled MC from other southwestern US dairies during a national survey.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that, on this particular dairy, calves fed an LDCR were at less risk of developing FPT than were calves fed pooled MC. The LDCR evaluated was a viable alternative for the prevention of FPT in calves.
Sem and Tem Studies of NiAl2O4 Spinel Phase Distribution in Alumina Matrix
Authors: Konopka K. , Litynska-Dobrzynska L. , Dutkiewicz J. 
Published: July 2013

Methods of enhancing of mechanical properties of ceramic-metal composites, particularly fracture toughness by introducing dispersed metal particles such as W, Mo, Ni, Al, etc to a ceramic matrix are well known. However, the dependence of the microstructures, especially interfaces, on the properties of composites is not well understood yet. Moreover, the ceramic-metal interfaces play a crucial role in tailoring the composite properties.
In this paper we examine the alumina matrix composite with NiAl2O4 spinel phase and present the SEM and TEM studies of spinel distribution, size and crystallographic orientation. The composites were prepared by sintering Al2O3 and Ni powders below the melting point of Ni in argon. During the process of sintering the spinel phase appeared. It was not homogeneously distributed in the alumina matrix. The spinel phase areas were linked together and constituted an almost continuous form. We observed that the distribution and size of spinel influenced the fracture toughness of the composite.
Transient one-dimensional model of coal carbonization in a stagnant packed bed
Authors: Polesek-Karczewska Sylwia , Kardaś Dariusz , Wardach-Święcicka Izabela , Grucelski Arkadiusz , Stelmach Sławomir 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In the present paper, the one-dimensional model for heat and mass transfer in fixed coal bed was proposed to describe the thermal and flow characteristics in a coke oven chamber. For the purpose of the studied problem, the analysis was limited to the calculations of temperature field and pyrolytic gas yield. In order to verify the model, its theoretical predictions for temperature distribution during wet coal charge carbonization were compared with the measurement results found in the literature. In general, the investigation shows good qualitative agreement between numerical and experimental data. However, some discrepancy regarding the temperature characteristics at the stage of evaporation was observed.
Closure of dilates of shift-invariant subspaces
Authors: Soto-Bajo Moisés 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLet V be any shift-invariant subspace of square summable functions. We prove that if for some A expansive dilation V is A-refinable, then the completeness property is equivalent to several conditions on the local behaviour at the origin of the spectral function of V, among them the origin is a point of A*-approximate continuity of the spectral function if we assume this value to be one. We present our results also in a more general setting of A-reducing spaces. We also prove that the origin is a point of A*-approximate continuity of the Fourier transform of any semiorthogonal tight frame wavelet if we assume this value to be zero.
The box parameter for words and permutations
Authors: Prodinger Helmut 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe box parameter for words counts how often two letters w j and w k define a “box” such that all the letters w j+1; ..., w k−1 fall into that box. It is related to the visibility parameter and other parameters on words. Three models are considered: Words over a finite alphabet, permutations, and words with letters following a geometric distribution. A typical result is: The average box parameter for words over an M letter alphabet is asymptotically given by 2n − 2n H M/M, for fixed M and n → ∞.
The one-point Lindelöfication of an uncountable discrete space can be surlindelöf
Authors: Okunev Oleg 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe prove that the one-point Lindelöfication of a discrete space of cardinality ω 1 is homeomorphic to a subspace of C p (X) for some hereditarily Lindelöf space X if the axiom
Everett’s Hypernarrator
Authors: Roof Judith 
Published: July 2013

Abstract: The narrators of Percival Everett’s many novels have become hypernarrators, fronting a far more complex, systemic, multidimensional effect that reflects the growing complexity and paradigmatic shifts of narrative itself. Insofar as narrators are an effect of the narrative, the narrators of Everett’s later novels such as Erasure, American Desert, and Glyph, point to a species of narrative that produces a rich, polyvalent resonance from the dissonances of simultaneity and multidirectionality. Many of Everett’s novels explore the construction and dimensionality of the narrator in narratives that destabilize any possibility of linearity, continuity, predictable cause/effect relationships, or correlations of signification. These narrators simultaneously expose the means by which narrators are constructed in narrative and extend and amplify the possibilities of narrators no longer tied to the imaginary Newtonian coordinates of impersonation.
Les investissements dans les entreprises privées de l'industrie et du commerce — Réalisations en 1955 et perspectives pour 1956 d'après une enquête auprès des chefs d'entreprises
Authors: Gilson J. 
Published: July 2013

Le mouvement d'expansion des investissements, déjà constaté en 1954, s'est poursuivi en 1955, mais presque exclusivement dans des grandes entreprises. L'abaissement du prix de revient, mais aussi l'accroissement de la production sont les buts principaux des investissements dans l'industrie. L'autofinancement n'a rien perdu de sa prépondérance, mais le marché financier a tenu une place importante, en 1955, dans le financement des investissements.
Perspectives d'une nouvelle progression des investissements en 1956.
La localisation des cultures et des productions animales en France
Authors: Klatzmann Joseph 
Published: July 2013

L'I.N.S.E.E. a récemment publié un ouvrage sur la localisation des productions agricoles en France. Il a paru intéressant d'en publier quelques extraits dans Études et Conjoncture.
On se préoccupe en effet de plus en plus, actuellement, des problèmes d'aménagement régional. Or, la réussite des programmes de mise en valeur exige la réalisation préalable d'études approfondies, conduites suivant une méthode scientifique. Un ouvrage qui apporte à la fois une méthode et des résultats, dans un domaine aussi important que l'agriculture, présente donc un intérêt tout particulier. Les extraits publiés ci-après donneront une idée de son contenu à un public étendu. Mais il est clair que c'est seulement en se reportant à l'ouvrage lui-même que le lecteur intéressé soit par les questions agricoles, soit par le problème général de la localisation, pourra en avoir une vue d'ensemble.
Le problème de la localisation est, dans ce travail, envisagé sous ses différents aspects : décrire la situation actuelle, l'expliquer, enfin étudier les moyens de l'améliorer. Il comprend de ce fait trois parties, intitulées respectivement : la localisation actuelle des cultures et des productions animales, les facteurs de la localisation des productions agricoles, les bases théoriques d'une localisation rationnelle des productions agricoles.
Voici, à titre d'introduction à la lecture des extraits, quelques passages de la préface, rédigée par M. F.-L. Closon, directeur général de l'I.N.S.E.E.