bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Political Economy, Argumentation, and Democratic Theory
Authors: Landa Dimitri 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A developing research program of behavioral political economy can help shed light on important social and political practices that fall outside the strict rational actor model but that are of central importance to democratic theory. Those practices include the deliberative activities of argumentation, information acquisition, and learning. Game theoretic models and experimental studies of collective decisions that are part of the behavioral political economy tradition offer insights into the strategic implications of these practices, linking them to ideological polarization and measures of the informational quality of individual and collective choices. In so doing, they help generate comprehensive assessments of these practices and their institutional influences, thus buttressing the normative philosophical arguments.
From the Editors
Authors: Linzey Andrew , Cohn Priscilla N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An Ethical Oath for Veterinarians. As previous contributors have noted (Bones and Yeates, 2012), the nature of the oath that veterinarians, like doctors, should swear upon entering their profession has become increasingly topical. T he American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) adopted a revised form of their oath as recently as 2014 which emphasizes animal welfare. Here is the new oath with the additions in italics: Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of society through the protection of animal health and welfare, the prevention and relief of animal suffering, the conservation of animal resources, the promotion of public health, and the advancement of medical knowledge. (AVMA, 2011, emphases in original)
Assessing Clinical Laboratory Quality: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of Prothrombin Time INR Structures, Processes, and Outcomes in 98 Laboratories
Authors: Howanitz Peter J. , Darcy Theresa P. , Meier Frederick A. , Bashleben Christine P. 
Published: August 2015

ContextThe anticoagulant warfarin has been identified as the second most frequent drug responsible for serious, disabling, and fatal adverse drug events in the United States, and its effect on blood coagulation is monitored by the laboratory test called international normalized ratio (INR).ObjectiveTo determine the presence of INR policies and procedures, INR practices, and completeness and timeliness of reporting critical INR results in participants' clinical laboratories.DesignParticipants reviewed their INR policies and procedure requirements, identified their practices by using a questionnaire, and studied completeness of documentation and timeliness of reporting critical value INR results for outpatients and emergency department patients.ResultsIn 98 participating institutions, the 5 required policies and procedures were in place in 93% to 99% of clinical laboratories. Fifteen options for the allowable variations among duplicate results from different analyzers, 12 different timeliness goals for reporting critical values, and 18 unique critical value limits were used by participants. All required documentation elements were present in 94.8% of 192 reviewed INR validation reports. Critical value INR results were reported within the time frame established by the laboratory for 93.4% of 2604 results, but 1.0% of results were not reported. Although the median laboratories successfully communicated all critical results within their established time frames and had all the required validation elements based in their 2 most recent INR calculations, those participants at the lowest 10th percentile were successful in 80.0% and 85.7% of these requirements, respectively.ConclusionsSignificant opportunities exist for adherence to INR procedural requirements and for practice patterns and timeliness goals for INR critical results' reporting.
Vilniaus liuteronų špitolės globotiniai XVIII a.
Authors: Jakulis Martynas 
Published: August 2015

Straipsnyje analizuojami XVIII a. Vilniaus liuteronų špitolėje globotų žmonių kolektyvinio portreto bruožai. Remiantis istoriografijoje menkai panaudotais šaltiniais, aptariama priėmimo į špitolę tvarka, globotinių skaičius, aiškinamasi, kokios priežastys lemdavo moterų nuskurdimą, koks būdavo globotinių socialinis statusas iki patekimo į špitolę, taip pat aptariama kasdienio gyvenimo špitolėje tvarka.
Hairy cell leukemia with an associated lupus-type anticoagulant
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jon , Danks Roy R , Elkram Mohammed 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia is a rare, lymphoproliferative disorder usually of B-cell origin.It affects men more often than women by a ratio of 4:1, with approximately600 cases per year in the United States. Leukemias in general are knownto be associated with coagulopathies; however, the case reported here representsonly the fourth reported case of hairy cell leukemia with an associated lupusanticoagulant. The lupus anticoagulant is unusual in that it is not truly a coagulation-preventing entity, but rather may result in a hypercoagulable state. The nomenclature.for this manifestation derives from its ability to interfere with invitro phospholipid-dependent tests of coagulation. This report includes a reviewand discussion of the case presented, as well as a review of both hairy cellleukemia and the lupus anticoagulant.
Artists’ Autonomy and Professionalization in a New Cultural Policy Landscape
Authors: Flisbäck Marita , Lund Anna 
Published: August 2015

Using literature on the professions, the article explores how a new political model for funding and steering may affect professional autonomy. Professional groups’ efforts to independently practice their profession during times of political change are elaborated. The professional group in questions is artists, the context is Sweden, and the new model is called the Collaborative Cultural Model. This model entails a shift in the funding and realization of cultural policy from the national to the regional level. From a situation in which civil servants with specific culture knowledge were involved, politicians, representatives of civil society, civil servants and artists are now to work together to create a regional culture plan. In the article, two different outcomes of the new model are discussed as possible. It can lead to de-professionalization process, particularly if the policy on keeping outside influences at “arm’s length” weakens. On the other hand, negotiations between different actors could result in artists’ knowledge becoming more prominent and receiving more recognition than previously. This, in turn, could promote professional artists’ status.
Keywords: Cultural policy, public funding, autonomy, artistic (de)professionalization, dominated and dominating
Ventilation and dissolved oxygen cycle in Lake Superior: Insights from a numerical model
Authors: Matsumoto Katsumi , Tokos Kathy S. , Gregory Chad 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVentilation and dissolved oxygen in Lake Superior are key factors that determine the fate of various natural and anthropogenic inputs to the lake. We employ an idealized age tracer and biogeochemical tracers in a realistically configured numerical model of Lake Superior to characterize its ventilation and dissolved O2 cycle. Our results indicate that Lake Superior is preferentially ventilated over rough bathymetry and that spring overturning following a very cold winter does not completely ventilate the lake interior. While this is unexpected for a dimictic lake, no part of the lake remains isolated from the atmosphere for more than 300 days. Our results also show that Lake Superior's oxygen cycle is dominated by solubility changes; as a result, the expected relationship between biological consumption of dissolved O2 and ventilation age does not manifest.
Electrical conductivity of lawsonite and dehydrating fluids at high pressures and temperatures
Authors: Manthilake Geeth , Mookherjee Mainak , Bolfan‐Casanova Nathalie , Andrault Denis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLawsonite is a calcium‐aluminum bearing hydrous silicate mineral with CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2.H2O stoichiometry. It is thermodynamically stable in the hydrated oceanic crust. Low‐velocity anomalies observed in the cold subducted slabs have been related to the unusual shear wave velocities of lawsonite eclogite. However, electrical conductivity of lawsonite at high pressure and temperature remains unknown. In this study, we measured the electrical conductivity of lawsonite at 7 GPa, and temperatures ranging from 298 K–1320 K. At 1173 K, the electrical conductivity of lawsonite is around 10−1 S/m. A sharp increase of electrical conductivity is observed at temperatures exceeding the dehydration ~1258 K. The high electrical conductivity up to 101 S/m observed in our experiments is due to the presence of highly conductive fluid and could explain the low resistivity observed at 150–250 km depths in subduction zone settings such as NE Japan, northern, and central Chile.
Relationships among top‐of‐atmosphere radiation and atmospheric state variables in observations and CESM
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Zhang Yongxin , Fasullo John T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA detailed examination is made in both observations and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) of relationships among top‐of‐atmosphere radiation, water vapor, temperatures, and precipitation for 2000–2014 to assess the origins of radiative perturbations and climate feedbacks empirically. The 30‐member large ensemble coupled runs are analyzed along with one run with specified sea surface temperatures for 1994 to 2005 (to avoid volcanic eruptions). The vertical structure of the CESM temperature profile tends to be top heavy in the model, with too much deep convection and not enough lower stratospheric cooling as part of the response to tropospheric heating. There is too much absorbed solar radiation (ASR) over the Southern Oceans and not enough in the tropics, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is too large in amplitude in this version of the model. However, the covariability of monthly mean anomalies produces remarkably good replication of most of the observed relationships. There is a lot more high‐frequency variability in radiative fluxes than in temperature, highlighting the role of clouds and transient weather systems in the radiation statistics. Over the Warm Pool in the tropical western Pacific and Indian Oceans, where nonlocal effects from the Walker circulation driven by the ENSO events are important, several related biases emerge: in response to high SST anomalies there is more precipitation, water vapor, and cloud and less ASR and outgoing longwave radiation in the model than observed. Different model global mean trends are evident, however, possibly hinting at too much positive cloud feedback in the model.
Performance evaluation of rainfall estimates by TRMM Multi‐satellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42V6 and V7 over Brazil
Authors: Melo Davi de C. D. , Xavier Alexandre C. , Bianchi Thiago , Oliveira Paulo T. S. , Scanlon Bridget R. , Lucas Murilo C. , Wendland Edson 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTime series precipitation data generated by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) have been used as a possible solution for providing rainfall information for ungauged regions. We evaluated the quality of TRMM Multi‐satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) Version 6 (3B42V6) and Version 7 (3B42V7) products on a daily and monthly basis for a 14 year time series by comparing with gridded ground‐based rainfall data from ~3625 rain gauges distributed throughout Brazil. The results show that daily estimates are inaccurate for both Versions 6 and 7 (the refined index of agreement, dr, was less than 0.6 in most of the analyzed pixels). In general, both versions perform well on monthly basis (dr > 0.75), but no significant improvement between them could be identified with the exception of local areas. TMPA performed poorly in the northwest region, where rainfall depths are higher in Brazil; however, the quality of the ground‐based data is poor in this region because of low gauge density. Based on a seasonal analysis, we found that TMPA performed better during the dry seasons and that some improvements, although not significant, between successive versions took place over the northeast, southeast, and south regions. This study shows the value of remote sensing precipitation for providing reliable, spatiotemporally continuous precipitation at monthly timescales.
Rheumatologist and Primary Care Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Patient and Provider Perspectives
Authors: Bartels Christie M. , Roberts Tonya J. , Hansen Karen E. , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Gilmore Andrea , Maxcy Courtney , Bowers Barbara J. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveDespite increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients often lack CVD preventive care. We examined CVD preventive care processes from RA patient and provider perspectives to develop a process map for identifying targets for future interventions to improve CVD preventive care.MethodsThirty‐one participants (15 patients, 7 rheumatologists, and 9 primary care physicians [PCPs]) participated in interviews that were coded using NVivo software and analyzed using grounded theory techniques.ResultsPatients and providers reported that receipt of preventive care depends upon identifying and acting on risk factors, although most noted that both processes rarely occurred. Engagement in these processes was influenced by various provider‐, system‐, visit‐, and patient‐related conditions, such as patient activation or patients’ knowledge about their risk. While nearly half of patients and PCPs were unaware of RA‐CVD risk, all rheumatologists were aware of risk. Rheumatologists reported not systematically identifying risk factors, or, if identified, they described communicating about CVD risk factors via clinic notes to PCPs instead of acting directly due to perceived role boundaries. PCPs suggested that scheduling PCP visits could improve CVD risk management, and all participants viewed comanagement positively.ConclusionFindings from this study illustrate important gaps and opportunities to support identifying and acting on CVD risk factors in RA patients from the provider, system, visit, and patient levels. Future work should investigate professional role support through improved guidelines, patient activation, and system‐based RA‐CVD preventive care strategies.
Prognosis of Pain and Physical Functioning in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: de Rooij Mariëtte , van der Leeden Marike , Heymans Martijn W. , Holla Jasmijn F. M. , Häkkinen Arja , Lems Willem F. , Roorda Leo D. , Veenhof Cindy , Sanchez‐Ramirez Diana C. , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Dekker Joost 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo systematically summarize the literature on the course of pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), prognostic factors that predict deterioration of pain, the course of physical functioning, and prognostic factors that predict deterioration of physical functioning in persons with knee OA.MethodsA search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Psych‐INFO, and SPORTDiscus up to January 2014. A meta‐analysis and a qualitative data synthesis were performed.ResultsOf the 58 studies included, 39 were of high quality. High heterogeneity across studies (I2 >90%) and within study populations (reflected by large SDs of change scores) was found. Therefore, the course of pain and physical functioning was interpreted to be indistinct. We found strong evidence for a number of prognostic factors predicting deterioration in pain (e.g., higher knee pain at baseline, bilateral knee symptoms, and depressive symptoms). We also found strong evidence for a number of prognostic factors predicting deterioration in physical functioning (e.g., worsening in radiographic OA, worsening of knee pain, lower knee extension muscle strength, lower walking speed, and higher comorbidity count).ConclusionBecause of high heterogeneity across studies and within study populations, no conclusions can be drawn with regard to the course of pain and physical functioning. These findings support current research efforts to define subgroups or phenotypes within knee OA populations. Strong evidence was found for knee characteristics, clinical factors, and psychosocial factors as prognostics of deterioration of pain and physical functioning.
Cost‐Utility and Cost‐Effectiveness Analyses of Face‐to‐Face Versus Telephone‐Based Nonpharmacologic Multidisciplinary Treatments for Patients With Generalized Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cuperus Nienke , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Hoogeboom Thomas J. , van den Hoogen Frank H. J. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. M. , van den Ende Cornelia H. M. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate, from a societal perspective, the cost utility and cost effectiveness of a nonpharmacologic face‐to‐face treatment program compared with a telephone‐based treatment program for patients with generalized osteoarthritis (GOA).MethodsAn economic evaluation was carried out alongside a randomized clinical trial involving 147 patients with GOA. Program costs were estimated from time registrations. One‐year medical and nonmedical costs were estimated using cost questionnaires. Quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated using the EuroQol (EQ) classification system, EQ rating scale, and the Short Form 6D (SF‐6D). Daily function was measured using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index (DI). Cost and QALY/effect differences were analyzed using multilevel regression analysis and cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves.ResultsMedical costs of the face‐to‐face treatment and telephone‐based treatment were estimated at €387 and €252, respectively. The difference in total societal costs was nonsignificantly in favor of the face‐to‐face program (difference €708; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −€5,058, €3,642). QALYs were similar for both groups according to the EQ, but were significantly in favor of the face‐to‐face group, according to the SF‐6D (difference 0.022 [95% CI 0.000, 0.045]). Daily function was similar according to the HAQ DI. Since both societal costs and QALYs/effects were in favor of the face‐to‐face program, the economic assessment favored this program, regardless of society's willingness to pay. There was a 65–90% chance that the face‐to‐face program had better cost utility and a 60–70% chance of being cost effective.ConclusionThis economic evaluation from a societal perspective showed that a nonpharmacologic, face‐to‐face treatment program for patients with GOA was likely to be cost effective, relative to a telephone‐based program.
Regiochemistry‐Directed Syntheses of Polyhydroxylated Alkaloids from Chiral Aziridines
Authors: Eum Heesung , Choi Jihye , Cho Cheon‐Gyu , Ha Hyun‐Joon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, two possible regiochemical pathways of aziridine ring opening, termed “regiochemistry‐directed branches for 2‐substituted aziridines” are described, providing easy access to two classes of compound from a common synthetic intermediate. Application of this synthetic strategy, with stereoselective dihydroxylation and reductive amination as the key steps, allowed the asymmetric synthesis of natural and unnatural polyhydroxylated alkaloids including the calyculin fragment C33–C37, 1,4‐dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐l‐ribitol and analogues of hyacinthacine, swainsonine, castanospermine, and deoxynojirimycin. The initial domino reactions consisted of aziridine ring opening and debenzylation, and reductive double annulations were established for the preparation of bicyclic pyrrolizidine and indolizidine—represented by 8‐deoxyhyacinthacine and (3R)‐methyl‐8‐deoxyswainsonine—with remarkable stereoselectivity and in high yield.
Polypharmacy as a risk factor for hospital admission among ambulance‐transported old‐old patients
Authors: Abe Toshikazu , Tamiya Nanako , Kitahara Takako , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: August 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between polypharmacy and hospital admission in ambulance‐transported old‐old patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of consecutive old‐old patients (aged ≥ 85 years) transported by ambulance to a community teaching hospital between April and December of 2013. Patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest were excluded. Data were collected from the computerized records on the demographics, chief complaints, vital signs, and level of consciousness at arrival, final diagnoses at discharge, and polypharmacy (≥5 medications). The primary outcome was requirement of hospital admission. We also analyzed symptomatic adverse drug events (ADEs).ResultsOf the 3,084 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) transported to the hospital during the study period, 381 (13%) were old‐old patients. Of those, 233 (61%) were women, and 261 (69%) were admitted to the hospital. The mean number of their baseline medications was 6.8 ± 3.9, and 250/347 patients (72%) were suffering from polypharmacy. Twenty‐seven of the patients (7%) had symptomatic ADEs. Although the ADEs were not related to polypharmacy (P = 0.437), logistic regression adjustments for age, sex, and vital signs at arrival showed that patients with polypharmacy were more likely to be admitted to the hospital than were patients without (odds ratio: 2.12 [95% CI, 1.03–4.43]; P = 0.042).ConclusionsSymptomatic ADEs due to polypharmacy were one of the most preventable causative factors leading to hospital admission of old‐old patients. Polypharmacy could be a major risk for emergency admission to hospital.
Das erweiterte genetische Alphabet
Authors: Malyshev Denis A. , Romesberg Floyd E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeit dem letzten gemeinsamen Vorfahren allen Lebens auf der Erde wird die gesamte biologische Information durch ein genetisches Alphabet codiert, das aus nur vier Nucleotiden und den von ihnen gebildeten zwei Basenpaaren besteht. Aus langjährigen Versuchen, aus zwei synthetischen Nucleotiden ein drittes, nichtnatürliches Basenpaar (UBP) zu formen, haben sich jetzt drei vielversprechende Kandidaten herauskristallisiert. Eines dieser UBPs basiert auf alternativen Wasserstoffbrücken, während die beiden anderen durch hydrophobe Kräfte und Stapelkräfte stabilisiert werden. Alle drei dieser UBPs werden bemerkenswert effizient und zuverlässig repliziert und transkribiert. Die beiden letztgenannten UBP‐Typen belegen, dass nicht nur auf Basis von Wasserstoffbrücken Erbinformation gespeichert und wieder abgerufen werden kann. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt die jüngsten Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der UBPs sowie ihre mögliche Anwendungen, einschließlich der Erweiterung der Evolution um den Einbau neuer Funktionalität sowie der Erschaffung semisynthetischen Lebens, das zusätzliche Information speichern kann.
Highly Efficient Enrichment of Volatile Iodine by Charged Porous Aromatic Frameworks with Three Sorption Sites
Authors: Yan Zhuojun , Yuan Ye , Tian Yuyang , Zhang Daming , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe targeted synthesis of a series of novel charged porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) is reported. The compounds PAF‐23, PAF‐24, and PAF‐25 are built up by a tetrahedral building unit, lithium tetrakis(4‐iodophenyl)borate (LTIPB), and different alkyne monomers as linkers by a Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reaction. They possess excellent adsorption properties to organic molecules owing to their “breathing” dynamic frameworks. As these PAF materials assemble three effective sorption sites, namely the ion bond, phenyl ring, and triple bond together, they exhibit high affinity and capacity for iodine molecules. To the best of our knowledge, these PAF materials give the highest adsorption values among all porous materials (zeolites, metal–organic frameworks, and porous organic frameworks) reported to date.