bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Chemical and Heating Methods to Enhance Latent Fingerprint Deposits on Thermal Paper
Authors: Bond John W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA comparison is made of proprietary methods to develop latent fingerprint deposits on the inked side of thermal paper using either chemical treatment (Thermanin) or the application of heat to the paper (Hot Print System). Results with a trial of five donors show that the application of heat produces statistically significantly more fingerprint ridge detail than the chemical treatment for both fingerprint deposits aged up to 4 weeks and for a nine sequence depletion series. Subjecting the thermal paper to heat treatment with the Hot Print System did not inhibit subsequent ninhydrin chemical development of fingerprint deposits on the noninked side of the paper. A further benefit of the application of heat is the rapid development of fingerprint deposits (less than a minute) compared with up to 12 h for the Thermanin chemical treatment.
Institutional Frameworks, Venture Capital and the Financing of European New Technology‐based Firms
Authors: Vanacker Tom , Heughebaert Andy , Manigart Sophie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueWe first study how cross‐country differences in shareholder protection against self‐dealing and personal bankruptcy laws affect the financing of new technology‐based firms (NTBFs). Second, we study how venture capital (VC) investors – as expert monitors and initiators of “good” governance practices in firms – moderate aforementioned relationships.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a unique longitudinal dataset of 6,813 NTBFs from six European countries, we find that better shareholder protection rights increase the probability of raising external equity financing and allow firms to raise larger amounts of equity financing. Less forgiving personal bankruptcy laws decrease the probability of raising debt financing and limit the amount of debt financing that is raised. VC ownership strengthens the aforementioned relationships.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study is one of the first to provide evidence on the relationship between national legal systems and the financing of private NTBFs. We further address a recurring call for more research on the interaction between country‐level legal systems and firm‐level corporate governance. In particular, we show that expert monitors, such as VC investors, strengthen the relationship between national legal systems and NTBF's access to external financing.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsPolicy makers often focus on increasing the supply of VC financing as a panacea for external financing constraints experienced by NTBFs. This study shows that VC ownership is particularly effective at increasing firms' access to external financing in countries with strong investor protection rights and entrepreneur‐friendly personal bankruptcy laws.
Does comfort therapy during controlled donation after circulatory death shorten the life of potential donors?
Authors: Ledoux Didier , Delbouille Marie‐Hélène , Deroover Arnaud , Lambermont Bernard , Meurisse Michel , Damas Pierre , Joris Jean , Detry Olivier 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionControlled donation after circulatory death (DCD) remains ethically controversial. The authors developed a controlled DCD protocol in which comfort therapy is regularly used. The aim of this study was to determine whether this policy shortens the DCD donors' life.MethodsThe authors retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data on patients proposed for DCD at the University Hospital of Liege, Belgium, over a 56‐month period. The survival duration of these patients, defined as duration between the time of proposal for DCD and the time of circulatory arrest, was compared between patients who actually donated organs and those who did not.ResultsAbout 128 patients were considered for controlled DCD and 54 (43%) became donors. Among the 74 non‐donor patients, 34 (46%) objected to organ donation, 38 patients (51%) were denied by the transplant team for various medical reasons, and two potential DCD donors did not undergo procurement due to logistical and organizational reasons. The survival durations were similar in the DCD donor and non‐donor groups. No non‐donor patient survived.ConclusionsSurvival of DCD donors is not shortened when compared with non‐donor patients. These data support the ethical and respectful approach to potential DCD donors in the authors' center, including regular comfort therapy.
Diffusion‐controlled mobilization of water‐dispersible colloids from three German silt loam topsoils: effect of temperature
Authors: Jiang C. , Séquaris J.‐M. , Vereecken H. , Klumpp E. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe effects of time and temperature on the release kinetics of water‐dispersible colloids (WDCs) from three German silt loam topsoils in deionized water were investigated in batch experiments under low‐energy rotating shaking conditions. The measured critical coagulation concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+ for extracted WDC were much larger than the experimental ionic conditions. This indicates a fast dispersion rate in the first detachment step of WDC mobilization from soil aggregates. The cumulative released WDC fraction F(t) (released WDC/clay content in bulk soil) was satisfactorily fitted to the square root of shaking time by a linear function in three soils with a similar clay content. This implies diffusion‐controlled release kinetics in the second step of the WDC mobilization process. The mobilization kinetics were modelled by considering a diffusion‐controlled transport through an immobile water layer in the macropores of soil aggregates formed by silt and sand particles. The effects of temperature on the mobilization kinetics and sedimentation volumes of saturated soils were compared at 7, 23 and 35°C. A linear correlation was found between immobile water layer thickness in soil macropores (lt) and the water volume (Vwater) in soil sediment, which indicates a strong dependence of lt on the soil texture. Temperature‐sensitive lt and Vwater influenced the effect of temperature on WDC release, which counteracts the estimated effect of temperature on particle diffusion according to the Stokes‐Einstein relation. A larger decrease in F(t) was found in grassland and forest soils than in an arable soil and can be related to greater stagnant water contents (larger lt and Vwater) in soil macropores, where particulate organic matter and polyvalent cations in their oxide forms at acidic pH will thus contribute to water immobilization.
The Impact of Cerebrovascular Disease in Panama
Authors: Gracia Fernando , Benzadon Aron , Gonzalez-Castellon Marco , Armien Blas 
Published: November 2013

Background In Latin America, the cerebrovascular disease is considered a catastrophic public health problem. The objective of this publication is to describe the demographic characteristics and risk factors of cerebrovascular disease in Panama. Methods A hospital-based stroke registry was carried out between 2005 and 2006 to record all patients with cerebrovascular disease admitted to the two major teaching public hospital in Panama City. A comparative analysis was realized of the risk factor of two regional survey studies in Panamá and Colón province on 2007 and 2010. Results Sixty-three percent of the stroke was ischemic, and high blood pressure was the most common risk factor with 73%; the intrahospital mortality was 28·4%. In a National Health and Quality of Life Survey carried out in 2007, the crude prevalence of cerebrovascular disease was 0·7%. High blood pressure (22%), smoking (9·1%), alcoholism (10·8%), dyslipidemia (8·7%), and diabetes mellitus (5·4%) were the most common risk factors. In 2010, a survey to find out the Prevalence of Risk Factor Associated to Cardiovascular disease in the province of Panama and Colon found that crude prevalence of cerebrovascular disease was 1·6%. High blood pressure (28·4%), dyslipidemia (20·8%), and alcoholism (17·0%) were the most common risk factors. Conclusion Since 2013, both hospitals' intravenous thrombolytic therapy program has been successfully applied as public health policy. A successful campaign on healthy lifestyle must be strengthened through a comprehensive approach with other public sectors in order to have an impact on the population, particularly in children and adolescents.
Mid‐term outcome of permanent prostate iodine‐125 brachytherapy in Japanese patients
Authors: Kimura Takahiro , Kido Masahito , Miki Kenta , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Sasaki Hiroshi , Kuruma Hidetoshi , Hayashi Norihiro , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Aoki Manabu , Egawa Shin 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo analyze mid‐term oncological outcomes of low‐dose rate brachytherapy in Japanese patients.MethodsBetween 2003 and 2010, 604 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with low‐dose rate brachytherapy at Jikei University Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. Median follow up was 48 months. Of these patients, 260 (43%) were treated with neoadjuvant therapy, 45 (7.5%) with adjuvant hormonal therapy and 75 (12.4%) with supplemental external beam radiation therapy. Biochemical recurrence was defined as the prostate‐specific antigen nadir plus 2 ng/mL.ResultsOf the 604 patients, 219 (36.2%) were low risk, 361 (59.8%) were intermediate risk and 24 (4.0%) had high‐risk disease. The median biologically effective dose was 174.4 Gy2. At 8 years, biochemical recurrence‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and overall survival were 82.2%, 100% and 95.6%, respectively. Biochemical recurrence‐free survival at 8 years was 89.9%, 79.4% and 52.5%, for the low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk groups, respectively. Biochemical recurrence‐free survival for the high‐risk group was significantly lower than the low‐ and intermediate‐risk groups (P < 0.001). Biochemical recurrence‐free survival did not differ significantly by biologically effective dose stratification. In multivariate analysis, younger age (P = 0.045), higher prostate‐specific antigen (P = 0.004), higher Gleason score (P = 0.006) and higher clinical T stage (P = 0.008) were significant covariates associated with biochemical recurrence. The addition of hormonal therapy or external beam radiation therapy was associated with significantly better outcomes than low‐dose rate brachytherapy monotherapy (P = 0.0021 and 0.010). Just four patients experienced G3 genitourinary or gastrointestinal toxicity.ConclusionsLow‐dose rate brachytherapy results in excellent mid‐term oncological outcomes and acceptable toxicity in Japanese patients. In our experience, biologically effective dose does not represent a significant predictor for biochemical recurrence.
Post‐Return Transnationalism and the Iraqi Displacement in Syria and Jordan
Authors: Iaria Vanessa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe article explores the relationship between return and transnationalism in the case of the post‐2003 Iraqis' protracted displacement in Syria and Jordan. Based on field observations and interviews with Iraqi returnees, the article argues that transnational mobility and livelihoods constitute a precondition for their sustainable return. In this refugee context, return is rarely a one‐way physical movement followed by permanent integration back home. It is a complex process that takes time and entails various degrees and modalities of transnational mobility, social networks and livelihoods connecting host and home societies. The international refugee regime in contrast is predicated on the assumption that refugees will not re‐migrate after return. Stopping returnees' mobility may hamper the independent transnational livelihoods and development opportunities that the Iraqi people have pursued in the absence of permanent solutions to their predicament.
Policy Implications

International donors and regional states should harmonize their asylum and migration policy agendas and develop an integrated framework for durable solutions to the Iraqi protracted displacement.

Relevant agencies should consider ways to incorporate legal transnational mobility opportunities into policy frameworks for the protection of refugee populations in the Middle East.

Existing voluntary assisted return policies need to be revised to reflect the often non‐sedentary and non‐permanent nature of refugee returns to conflict‐affected societies.

More research on returning refugees' transnational livelihoods is required to inform policy interventions facilitating the safe and sustainable return of refugees.
The push, pull and mooring effects in virtual migration for social networking sites
Authors: Chang I‐Cheng , Liu Chuang‐Chun , Chen Kuanchin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSocial networking sites (SNSs) have become increasingly common in recent years, and their use has become integrated into the daily lives of millions of people across the world. Attracting new users and retaining existing ones are critical to the success of SNS providers. This study applies the push‐pull‐mooring model of the migration theory to improve our understanding of factors that influence the switching behavior of SNS users. Following the migration theory, this study empirically examines the three categories of antecedents for SNS switching intention: push (i.e., dissatisfaction and regret), pull (i.e., alternative attractiveness), and mooring (i.e., switching costs) factors. The results show that the three categories of factors had varying degrees of effects on switching intention. Additionally, the strong moderation effects of both pull and mooring factors help answer the question why switching does not necessarily occur when push factors are in effect. Managerial implications are provided.
Ecological and evolutionary responses in complex communities: implications for invasions and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks
Authors: Strauss Sharon Y. 
Published: November 2013

It is easier to predict the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of interactions in less diverse communities. As species are added to communities, their direct and indirect interactions multiply, their niches may shift, and there may be increased ecological redundancy. Accompanying this complexity in ecological interactions, is also complexity in selection and subsequent evolution, which may feed back to affect the ecology of the system, as species with different traits may play different ecological roles. Drawing from my own work and that of many others, I first discuss what we currently understand about ecology and evolution in light of simple and diverse communities, and suggest the importance of escape from community complexity per se in the success of invaders. Then, I examine how community complexity may influence the nature and magnitude of eco‐evolutionary feedbacks, classifying eco‐evolutionary dynamics into three general types: those generating alternative stable states, cyclic dynamics, and those maintaining ecological stasis and stability. The latter may be important and yet very hard to detect. I suggest future directions, as well as discuss methodological approaches and their potential pitfalls, in assessing the importance and longevity of eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in complex communities.SynthesisThe ecology, evolution and eco‐evolutionary dynamics of simple and diverse communities are reviewed. In more diverse communities, direct and indirect interactions multiply, species’ niches often shift, ecological redundancy can increase, and selection may be less directional. Community complexity may influence the magnitude and nature of eco‐evolutionary dynamics, which are classified into three types: those generating alternative stable states, cyclic dynamics, and those maintaining ecological stasis and stability. Strengths and pitfalls of approaches to investigating eco‐evolutionary feedbacks in complex field communities are discussed.
European Integration and the Disembedding of Labour Market Regulation: Transnational Labour Relations at the European Central Bank Construction Site
Authors: Wagner Ines , Lillie Nathan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEuropean integration through mutual recognition has facilitated the growth of a pan‐European labour supply system in which transnational subcontractors ‘post’ workers from low‐wage areas to higher wage areas. This allows employers to create spaces of exception in which the national industrial relations system of the country where work occurs does not fully apply. Drawing on interviews with managers, workers, unionists and works councillors at the European Central Bank construction site in Frankfurt, Germany, this article shows how transnational subcontracting allows employers to access, and create competition between, sovereign regulatory regimes. It concludes that high‐cost, high‐collective good national systems such as the German one, which depend on territorial boundedness for their integrity, are likely to be destabilized by this aspect of European integration.
Genetic and environmental influences on adolescent attachment
Authors: Fearon Pasco , Shmueli‐Goetz Yael , Viding Essi , Fonagy Peter , Plomin Robert 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundTwin studies consistently point to limited genetic influence on attachment security in the infancy period, but no study has examined whether this remains the case in later development. This study presents the findings from a twin study examining the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on attachment in adolescence.MethodsThe sample included 551 twin pairs aged 15 years recruited from the larger Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Attachment was assessed using a semistructured interview, the Child Attachment Interview.ResultsWe found robust associations betweenMZtwins' scores for Coherence and their overall security of attachment (r = .42,p < .001; kappa = .26,p < .001), but substantially lower associations forDZtwins (r = .20,p = .001; kappa = .09,p = .20), suggesting genetic influence on adolescent attachment (and substantial nonshared environment). Model‐fitting analyses confirmed this impression, indicating approximately 40% heritability of attachment and negligible influence of the shared environment.ConclusionsThe results suggest that genes may play an important role in adolescent attachment and point to the potentially distinct aetiological mechanisms involved in individual differences in attachment beyond early childhood.
Managerial Incentives and Stock Price Manipulation
Authors: PENG LIN , RÖELL AILSA 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a rational expectations model of optimal executive compensation in a setting where managers are in a position to manipulate short‐term stock prices and the manipulation propensity is uncertain. We analyze the tradeoffs involved in conditioning pay on long‐ versus short‐term performance and show how manipulation, and investors' uncertainty about it, affects the equilibrium pay contract and the informativeness of prices. Firm and manager characteristics determine the optimal compensation scheme: the strength of incentives, the pay horizon, and the use of options. We consider how corporate governance and disclosure regulations can help create an environment that enables better contracting.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for Budd–Chiari syndrome: techniques, indications and results on 51 Chinese patients from a single centre
Authors: Qi Xingshun , Guo Wengang , He Chuangye , Zhang Wei , Wu Feifei , Yin Zhanxin , Bai Ming , Niu Jing , Yang Zhiping , Fan Daiming , Han Guohong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsIn Western countries, transjugular intrahepatic portosytemic shunt (TIPS) is widely applied for the treatment of Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS). However, the outcome of Chinese BCS patients treated with TIPS is extremely limited. Furthermore, the timing of conversion from percutaneous recanalization to TIPS remains uncertain.MethodsAll consecutive BCS patients treated with TIPS between December 2004 and June 2012 were included. Patients were classified as the early and converted TIPS groups. Indications, TIPS‐related complications, post‐TIPS hepatic encephalopathy, shunt dysfunction and death were reported.ResultsOf 51 patients included, 39 underwent percutaneous recanalization for 1024 days (0–4574) before TIPS. Early TIPS group (n = 19) has a shorter history of BCS and a lower proportion of prior percutaneous recanalization than converted TIPS group (n = 32). Main indications were diffuse obstruction of three HVs (n = 12), liver failure (n = 2), liver function deterioration (n = 8), refractory ascites (n = 10) and variceal bleeding (n = 19). Procedure‐related intraperitoneal bleeding was reversible in three patients. The cumulative 1‐year rate of being free of first episode of post‐TIPS hepatic encephalopathy and shunt dysfunction was 78.38 and 61.69% respectively. The cumulative 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates were 83.82, 81.20 and 76.93% respectively. BCS‐TIPS score, but not Child–Pugh, MELD, Clichy or Rotterdam score, could predict the survival. Age, total bilirubin and inferior vena cava thrombosis were also significantly associated with overall survival. Survival was similar between early and converted TIPS groups.ConclusionsTIPS can achieve an excellent survival in Chinese patients in whom percutaneous recanalization is ineffective or inappropriate. BCS‐TIPS score could effectively predict these patients' survival.
Poststructuralist Theory and Sociolinguistics: Mapping the Linguistic Turn in Social Theory
Authors: Carter Phillip M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPoststructuralist theory has been broadly influential throughout the humanities and social sciences for two decades, yet sociolinguistic engagement with poststructuralism has been limited to select subfields. In this paper, I consider the possibilities for richer cross‐disciplinary work involving sociolinguistics and poststructuralist social theory. I begin by describing the place of social theory within sociolinguistics, paying attention both to the possibilities of interdisciplinarity and the resistance to it. I then introduce the basic tenets of poststructuralism, focusing primarily on its two main constructs, ‘performativity’ and ‘discourse,’ and briefly discuss the discontentment with structuralism that resulted in ‘the linguistic turn’. I outline the sites in the literature where sociolinguists have already made use of poststructuralist approaches, and conclude by suggesting new possibilities for cross‐disciplinary collaboration. Though the paper focuses primarily on variationist sociolinguistics in the U.S. academy, I also make reference to other fields that work with non‐static, anti‐essentialist approaches to sociality, such as critical discourse analysis. I contend that poststructuralist approaches to social theory are useful for sociolinguists, especially variationists, in that they resist the false dichotomy between agency and structure and provide a comprehensive way of thinking about identity that ignores neither practice nor subjectivity.