bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification, Sequencing and Genetic Diversity of Zucchini Tigre Mosaic Virus Infecting Cucurbita Species in Argentina
Authors: Carivali M. Florencia Brugo , Luciani Cecilia E. , Celli Marcos Giovani , Olmos Sofia Eugenia , Obregon Veronica G. , Silva Milagros I. , Fernandez Franco D. , Mederos Dariel Cabrera , Perotto María Cecilia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCucurbit crops are constantly threatened by viral diseases. In Argentina, five potyviruses have been identified, including the recently discovered zucchini tigre mosaic virus (ZTMV). This study aimed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of ZTMV. The virus was identified and characterised using molecular techniques including reverse transcription‐PCR, Sanger sequencing and Oxford Nanopore sequencing. Eighteen coat protein (CP) sequences and one complete genome sequence were obtained. Phylogenetically, the new Argentine isolates formed their own clade separated from all other ZTMV isolates. Population genetic analyses of CP sequences revealed high haplotype diversity and moderate‐to‐high nucleotide diversity across phylogroups. This region was under a strong negative selection. Neutrality tests were not statistically significant. The genetic differentiation parameters were statistically significant, indicating that ZTMV phylogenetic groups were different and supporting the proposed novel structure. Moreover, an infrequent gene flow between populations was observed. Haplotype analysis of 63 CP sequences revealed 54 distinct haplotypes, 15 of which originated from Argentina with a high number of mutations between clusters. The network grouped the haplotypes in the same clusters as those observed in the phylogenetic tree. One event of intraspecific recombination was found, which encompassed P1 and HC‐Pro coding regions. The results obtained suggest that Argentine ZTMV populations have developed an evolutionary strategy characterised by low genetic diversity, low mutation rates and intraspecific recombination. All these strategies contribute to the virus adaptation to survival in new environments and hosts.
Hidden Brain States Reveal the Temporal Dynamics of Neural Oscillations During Metaphor Generation and Their Role in Verbal Creativity
Authors: Yu Yuhua , Krebs Lindsay , Beeman Mark , Lai Vicky T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe investigated the oscillatory brain processes while people generated metaphors for science concepts. Applying a hidden Markov model, we extracted brain states, representing temporally disentangled oscillatory processes, from EEG data. By associating the trial‐by‐trial occupancy of brain states with the creative quality, novelty, and aptness of the generated metaphors, we identified oscillatory processes that played a role in creative ideation in a data‐driven manner. Metaphor novelty was positively associated with occupancy in a state featuring widespread alpha‐band synchronization during the early trial stage and occupancy in a state featuring alpha‐band desynchronization during the later trial stage. In addition, metaphor novelty was negatively associated with gamma‐band power. Our results not only extend previous literature on the role of oscillatory processes in creative ideation but also highlight the importance of temporal dynamics in understanding the brain mechanisms during sustained cognitive task performance.
Comparative Effects of Facemask Therapy and Anteroposterior TransForce Appliance in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP) Patients With Developing Class III Malocclusion: A Single‐Center Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hari A Vishnuprasad , Batra Puneet , Mohan Stuti , Juneja Achint , Talwar Aditya , Sood Sundereshwar C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo comparatively evaluate the effects of Sagittal TransForce appliance and Tooth borne Facemask appliance in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate patients.SettingSingle‐center prospective randomized clinical trial conducted in a hospital setting.Sample PopulationPatients from the age group of 7–12 years with a repaired complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (UCLP) and GOSLON score of 3 requiring maxillary protraction and preparation for secondary alveolar bone grafting were selected for the study.Materials and MethodsPatients were randomly divided into two groups of 18 patients each. Group I patients received tooth‐borne Facemask therapy with Alt‐RAMEC protocol and Group II received Sagittal TransForce appliance. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were done before (T0) and at the end of the active treatment (T1). Two lateral cephalograms were obtained from CBCT scans at the Pretreatment stage (T0) and Posttreatment stage (T1).ResultIn patients treated with the TransForce appliance, a statistically significant difference was found in dental parameters like U1‐NA angular (7.67° ± 1.49), U1‐NA linear (2.01 ± 1.82 mm) measurement and U1‐SN (13.98° ± 6.82), whereas in the Face mask group, skeletal parameters were found to be statistically significant, such as SNA angle (3.020 ± 1.72) and convexity at point A (3.260 ± 0.27). Pitchfork analysis shows 80% dental changes and 20% skeletal changes for the TransForce group whereas 41% dental and 58% skeletal changes for the Facemask group.ConclusionWhile overjet correction was observed in both groups. Tooth‐borne facemask with Alt‐RAMEC protocol seemed to be effective in improving mild to moderate skeletal discrepancy whereas the Transforce appliance seemed to be effective in improving the dental profile of the patients.
Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines in Aqueous Humor From ADAMTS10‐Mutant Beagles at an Early Stage of Open‐Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Collins Elisabeth , Harman Christine D. , Jacobson Amanda L. , Mehaffy Carolina , Love Kim R. , Komáromy András M. , de Linde Henriksen Michala 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor from ADAMTS10‐mutant research Beagles at an early stage of open‐angle glaucoma (OAG).Animals StudiedTwenty‐four research Beagles were enrolled into this case‐controlled study. Three groups of ADAMTS10‐mutant research Beagles were enrolled in this study: (1) Intraocular pressure (IOP) 15–25 mmHg (normotensive IOP), (2) IOP 25–30 mmHg, and (3) IOP 30–36 mmHg. An unaffected control group of Beagles that were either ADAMTS10‐wildtype (WT) or heterozygote‐carrier with normotensive IOPs were also enrolled.ProceduresAqueous humor samples were collected and analyzed for 16 pro‐inflammatory cytokines using the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix and target mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM‐MS). Statistical differences between the four groups' pro‐inflammatory cytokines, as well as correlations between pro‐inflammatory cytokines and IOPs, were analyzed using Kruskal‐Wallis tests and Spearman's rho (ρ) correlations, respectively.ResultsIOP 15–25 mmHg (n = 8); IOP 25–30 mmHg (n = 6); IOP 30–36 mmHg (n = 5); and Control (WT n = 3, carrier n = 2, total n = 5). There were no differences between pro‐inflammatory cytokines across the four groups (all p‐values > 0.05). IL‐13 had a moderate positive correlation with IOP, but was non‐significant (ρ = 0.373, p = 0.073); IL‐1β had a moderate negative correlation with IOP but was also non‐significant (ρ = −0.344, p = 0.100). All other pro‐inflammatory cytokines had only mild correlation with IOPs (|ρ| < 0.229, p > 0.05).ConclusionsThere were no significant changes in the investigated pro‐inflammatory cytokines with elevated IOP in canine ADAMTS10‐OAG.
Separability properties of higher rank GBS groups
Authors: Lopez de Gamiz Zearra Jone , Shepherd Sam 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA rank generalized Baumslag–Solitar group is a group that splits as a finite graph of groups such that all vertex and edge groups are isomorphic to . In this paper, we classify these groups in terms of their separability properties. Specifically, we determine when they are residually finite, subgroup separable, and cyclic subgroup separable.
Action of W$W$‐type operators on Schur functions and Schur Q‐functions
Authors: Liu Xiaobo , Yang Chenglang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a series of W‐type differential operators, which appear naturally in the symmetry algebras of KP and BKP hierarchies. In particular, they include all operators in the W‐constraints for tau‐functions of higher KdV hierarchies that satisfy the string equation. We will give simple uniform formulas for actions of these operators on all ordinary Schur functions and Schur Q‐functions. As applications of such formulas, we will give new simple proofs for Alexandrov's conjecture and Mironov–Morozov's formula, which express the Brézin–Gross–Witten and Kontsevich–Witten tau‐functions as linear combinations of Q‐functions with simple coefficients, respectively.
Nonuniqueness of normalized ground states for nonlinear Schrödinger equations on metric graphs
Authors: Dovetta Simone 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe establish general nonuniqueness results for normalized ground states of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with power nonlinearity on metric graphs. Basically, we show that, whenever in the ‐subcritical regime a graph hosts ground states at every mass, for nonlinearity powers close to the ‐critical exponent , there is at least one value of the mass for which ground states are nonunique. As a consequence, we also show that, for all such graphs and nonlinearities, there exist action ground states that are not normalized ground states.
Hook‐lengths, symplectic/orthogonal contents and Amdeberhan's conjectures
Authors: Yang Chenglang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe symplectic/orthogonal contents of partitions are related to the dimensions of irreducible representations of symplectic/orthogonal groups. In 2012, motivated by Nekrasov–Okounkov's hook‐length formula and Stanley's hook‐content formula, Amdeberhan proposed several conjectures about infinite product formulas for certain generating functions of hook‐lengths and symplectic/orthogonal contents. Some special cases of his conjectures were recently proved by Amdeberhan, Andrews and Ballantine. In this paper, we prove the general cases of Amdeberhan's conjectures.
Integrity Issues for Underground Gas Storage Wells
Authors: Kaya Gorkem , Dahi Taleghani Arash 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Underground gas storage (UGS) well integrity presents significant challenges for environmental safety and operational reliability, particularly in aging infrastructure. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of zonal isolation issues in UGS wells, analyzing mechanical failures, thermal cycling effects, and chemical degradation mechanisms that compromise wellbore integrity. Through analysis of field data from global UGS facilities, we identify that 55% of well component failures occur in casings and 32.5% in wellheads, with corrosion and human intervention as primary causes. Laboratory studies reveal that conventional cement formulations show limited effectiveness under cyclic loading conditions, radial stress increases linearly from 17 MPa to 24 MPa during operational cycles, which can lead to the formation of micro-annuli at cement interfaces. Our analysis of thermal cycling effects demonstrates that cement sheaths in sandstone formations exhibit significant degradation after 20 cycles, while shale formations show better stability. Field observations indicate that reducing plug length from 200 m to 100 m increases leakage rates by approximately 60%, highlighting the critical relationship between cement barrier design and containment effectiveness. We evaluate emerging solutions, including nano-enhanced cement and shape-memory polymers, finding variable field performance despite promising laboratory results, particularly in high-salinity environments. The study presents a novel risk-based approach for optimizing cement barrier designs, considering reservoir characteristics, gas properties, and operational conditions. These findings provide crucial insights for improving UGS well integrity, particularly for those wells that were not originally planned for gas storage.
Independent Validation of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Intensity Accelerometer Algorithms in Adolescents
Authors: Sirard John R. , Kumar Tanusree , Marcotte Robert T. , Chase John , Cox Melanna F. , Amalbert-Birriel Marcos , Staudenmayer John W. 
Published: February 2025

Few accelerometer data processing methods target adolescents, and the appropriateness of child or adult methods in adolescent samples is not clear. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate commonly used youth and adult methods for processing accelerometer data into intensity categories in a sample of 13- to 17-year-old adolescents, using free-living direct observation as the criterion measure. Methods: N = 42 (mean ± SD; age = 15.2 ± 1.5 years, 50% male) engaged in their usual behaviors during four 1-hr video-recorded free-living sessions. Participants simultaneously wore right hip and nondominant wrist accelerometers, both sampling at 80 Hz. Videos were annotated for all changes in behaviors lasting ≥1 s, and age-adjusted metabolic equivalent values categorized sedentary behavior, light, moderate, vigorous, as well as moderate and vigorous physical activity. Accelerometer data were processed using 12 youth and nine adult methods, then synchronized with the video annotations. Agreement statistics, bias with 95% confidence interval, and mean absolute percent error were calculated for minutes spent in each intensity category. Results: No method was unbiased for all intensity categories. The Crouter 2015 youth wrist (vertical axis and vector magnitude) methods and the Hildebrand 2014 adult hip method were not biased for moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, or moderate and vigorous physical activity. Several other youth and adult methods were unbiased for sedentary behavior, including those using the 100 counts/min hip cut point. Conclusion: No youth or adult method accurately classified all intensity categories in this sample of adolescents. Additional methods need to be independently validated or developed to provide a method or a set of compatible methods that can work across life stage transitions.
Bayesian solution to the inverse problem and its relation to Backus–Gilbert methods
Authors: Del Debbio Luigi , Lupo Alessandro , Panero Marco , Tantalo Nazario 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The problem of obtaining spectral densities from lattice data has been receiving great attention due to its importance in our understanding of scattering processes in Quantum Field Theory, with applications both in the Standard Model and beyond. The problem is notoriously difficult as it amounts to performing an inverse Laplace transform, starting from a finite set of noisy data. Several strategies are now available to tackle this inverse problem. In this work, we discuss how Backus–Gilbert methods, in particular the variation introduced by some of the authors, relate to the solution based on Gaussian Processes. Both methods allow computing spectral densities smearing with a kernel whose features depend on the detail of the algorithm. We will discuss such kernel, and show how Backus–Gilbert methods can be understood in a Bayesian fashion. As a consequence of this correspondence, we are able to interpret the algorithmic parameters of Backus–Gilbert methods as hyperparameters in the Bayesian language, which can be chosen by maximising a likelihood function. By performing a comparative study on lattice data, we show that, when both frameworks are set to compute the same quantity, the results are generally in agreement. Finally, we adopt a strategy to systematically validate both methodologies against pseudo-data, using covariance matrices measured from lattice simulations. In our setup, we find that the determination of the algorithmic parameters based on a stability analysis provides results that are, on average, more conservative than those based on the maximisation of a likelihood function.
ELF: Educational LLM Framework of Improving and Evaluating AI Generated Content for Classroom Teaching
Authors: Tan Kehui , Yao Jiayang , pang tianqi , Fan Chenyou , Song Yu 
Published: February 2025

Recent studies [48, 7] have demonstrated that Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT [3, 46] and LLAMA [59], can assist with routine teaching tasks and have the potential to revolutionize traditional education. However, other studies [35] highlight that LLMs often contain inaccuracies and demonstrate limited effectiveness in educational contexts. To address this issue, we propose a unified Education LLM Framework (
ELF
) that integrates LLM into classroom teaching practice to enrich high-quality dialogical content and teacher-student interactions. Unlike complex data-driven models that require vast amounts of data, our framework can quickly enhance educational engagement and teaching strategies by utilizing a few carefully selected teaching examples from master teachers with our prompting techniques. We focus on two typical classroom teaching scenarios that require AI-generated content: Dialogue Completion and Expertise Transfer Learning. The former scenario requires generating contextually appropriate dialogues, while the latter scenario requires migrating the instructional styles and organization to new teaching topics. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our data quality-centered approach in generating semantically clear and factually accurate content as organized instructions for teaching materials. We comprehensively evaluate these materials by utilizing Perplexity-based Statistical Evaluation, Human Evaluation with Questionnaires (HEQ), BertScore, Rouge, and BLEU. Experiments on two self-collected datasets show that our method significantly improves various metrics in Dialogue Completion and Expertise Transfer Learning tasks, enhancing the overall utility of AI for educational purposes.
Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Combined With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Yields Similar Outcomes Compared to Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Alone
Authors: Legnani Claudio , Massaro Emanuele , Peretti Giuseppe M. , Macchi Vittorio , Borgo Enrico , Ventura Alberto 
Published: February 2025

Background: The treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA) in young, active individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency is a debatable topic. The objective, radiological, and functional results of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) combined to ACL reconstruction and those of isolated UKA are compared in the present study.Methods: Twelve patients with medial OA and ACL incompetence were suitable for combined UKA and ACL reconstruction (Group A). A control group consisted of 24 patients who underwent isolated UKA within the same time frame and were matched for age, body mass index, and male/female ratio (Group B). The Oxford Knee Score (OKS), the Knee OA Outcome Score (KOOS), the WOMAC index of OA, and standard X‐rays were used for clinical and radiologic evaluation.Results: The mean KOOS score, OKS, and WOMAC index improved 10 years after surgery, demonstrating a statistically significant change (p < 0.001). At follow‐up, there was no significant between‐groups difference concerning KOOS, OKS, or WOMAC scores (p = n.s.). One female patient in Group A underwent revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) 3 years after the first surgery because OA in the lateral compartment had developed and the patient’s discomfort persisted. There were no signs of pathologic radiolucent lines or radiographic signs of implant loosening at the most recent follow‐up, which occurred at an average of 7.9 years for Group A and 9.1 years for Group B.Conclusion: Ten years after surgery, UKA combined to ACL reconstruction provides clinical and radiographic results similar to UKA without increasing the incidence of complications.
Antitumor CD4+ T helper 1 cells target and control the outgrowth of disseminated cancer cells
Authors: Ramamoorthi Ganesan , Lee Marie Catherine. , Farrell Carly M. , Snyder Colin , Garg Saurabh K. , Aldrich Amy L. , Lok Vincent , Dominguez-Viqueira William , Olson-Mcpeek Sy K. , Rosa Marilin , Gautam Namrata , Pilon-Thomas Shari , Cen Ling , Kodumudi Krithika N. , Wiener Doris , Oskarsson Thordur , Gomes Ana P. , Gatenby Robert A. , Czerniecki Brian J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Detection of disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with breast cancer (BC) is a critical predictor of late recurrence and distant metastasis. Conventional therapies often fail to completely eradicate DCCs in patients. Herein, we demonstrate that intratumoral priming of antitumor CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells was able to eliminate DCC burden in distant organs and prevent overt metastasis, independent of CD8+ T cells. Intratumoral priming of tumor antigen–specific CD4+ Th1 cells enhanced their migration to the BM and distant metastatic site to selectively target DCC burden. The majority of these intratumorally activated CD4+ T cells were CD4+PD1– T cells, supporting their non-exhaustion stage. Phenotypic characterization revealed enhanced infiltration of memory CD4+ T cells and effector CD4+ T cells in the primary tumor, tumor-draining lymph node, and DCC-driven metastasis site. A robust migration of CD4+CCR7+CXCR3+ Th1 cells and CD4+CCR7–CXCR3+ Th1 cells into distant organs further revealed their potential role in eradicating DCC-driven metastasis. The intratumoral priming of antitumor CD4+ Th1 cells failed to eradicate DCC-driven metastasis in CD4- or IFNγ-knockout mice. Moreover, antitumor CD4+ Th1 cells, by increasing IFN-γ production, inhibited various molecular aspects and increased classical and non-classical MHC molecule expression in DCCs. This reduced stemness and self-renewal while increasing immune recognition in DCCs of BC patients. These results unveil an immune basis for antitumor CD4+ Th1 cells that modulate DCC tumorigenesis to prevent recurrence and metastasis in patients.
Age‐Related Outcomes of Valve‐in‐Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Structural Valve Deterioration
Authors: Nagasaka Takashi , Patel Vivek , Suruga Kazuki , Shechter Alon , Koren Ofir , Chakravarty Tarun , Cheng Wen , Ishii Hideki , Jilaihawi Hasan , Nakamura Mamoo , Makkar Raj R. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a recognized alternative for treating the structural valve deterioration of bioprosthetic valves. Recent guidelines and trials have expanded the indications for TAVR to include younger patients with structural valve deterioration. In this study, we aimed to examine the outcomes of valve‐in‐valve TAVR across different age groups to understand the age‐related clinical outcomes of treating structural valve deterioration following surgical aortic valve replacement and TAVR.

Methods and Results
In this retrospective study, we included patients who underwent valve‐in‐valve TAVR at our center. We compared procedural complications and clinical outcomes among patients <75 years of age (n=99), those 75 to 84 years of age (n=103), and those ≥85 years of age (n=71). Echocardiography and computed tomography were used for follow‐up evaluations. This study included 273 patients and revealed a low in‐hospital complication rate across all age groups. Although the 3‐year risk of all‐cause mortality was higher in patients >85 years of age, no significant differences in the incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack were observed among age groups. All groups exhibited significant improvements in valve hemodynamics that persisted for 3 years. Although leaflet thrombosis assessed using computed tomography imaging 30 days post‐TAVR was more prevalent in the older group, age was not an independent predictor of this outcome.

Conclusions
Valve‐in‐valve TAVR was associated with an increased 3‐year mortality risk among older patients despite consistent hemodynamic benefits across all age groups. Age‐related differences in leaflet thrombosis did not predict hypoattenuated leaflet thickening, indicating that further studies are necessary to elucidate its implications.