bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of Osteochondral Defects in a Rabbit Model Using a Porous Hydroxyapatite Collagen Composite Impregnated With Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2
Authors: Taniyama Takashi , Masaoka Tomokazu , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Wei Xuetao , Yasuda Hiroaki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Kozaka Yuko , Takayama Tomoji , Hirano Masahiro , Okawa Atsushi , Sotome Shinichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractArticular cartilage has a limited capacity for spontaneous repair, and an effective method to repair damaged articular cartilage has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of transplantation of porous hydroxyapatite collagen (HAp/Col) impregnated with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). To evaluate the characteristics of porous HAp/Col as a drug delivery carrier of recombinant human BMP‐2 (rhBMP‐2), the rhBMP‐2 adsorption capacity and release kinetics of porous HAp/Col were analyzed. Porous HAp/Col impregnated with different amounts of rhBMP‐2 (0, 5, and 25 μg) was implanted into osteochondral defects generated in the patellar groove of Japanese white rabbits to evaluate the effect on osteochondral defect regeneration. At 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after operation, samples were harvested and subjected to micro‐computed tomography analysis and histological evaluation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone repair. The adsorption capacity was 329.4 μg of rhBMP‐2 per cm3 of porous HAp/Col. Although 36% of rhBMP‐2 was released within 24 h, more than 50% of the rhBMP‐2 was retained in the porous HAp/Col through the course of the experiment. Defects treated with 5 μg of rhBMP‐2 showed the most extensive subchondral bone repair and the highest histological regeneration score, and differences against the untreated defect group were significant. The histological regeneration score of defects treated with 25 μg of rhBMP‐2 increased up to 6 weeks after implantation, but then decreased. Porous HAp/Col, therefore, is an appropriate carrier for rhBMP‐2. Implantation of porous HAp/Col impregnated with rhBMP‐2 is effective for rigid subchondral bone repair, which is important for the repair of the smooth articular surface.
Clinical and Molecular Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Reverse Remodeling With Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Weia Benjamin C. , Adachi Iki , Jacot Jeffrey G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVentricular assist device (VAD) support induces reverse remodeling of failing myocardium that leads to occasional functional recovery of the adult heart. While there have been numerous clinical reports in adult patients with end‐stage cardiomyopathy, little is known about reverse remodeling in children, which has increasing clinical potential with the recent expansion of pediatric VADs in the setting of static organ supply for heart transplantation. Pediatric myocardium also promises theoretical advantages for recovery over adult myocardium due to its greater abundance of cardiac progenitor cells. To identify potential targets of future studies, we conducted a literature review with two aims: (i) to summarize clinical cases of pediatric patients who exhibited cardiac recovery following VAD support; and (ii) to analyze genetic changes in pediatric myocardium induced by VAD support compared with those observed in adult patients. Several clinical series of pediatric VAD cases report that small proportions of their cohorts were weaned off from device support, but a lack of information about the etiology and support duration of these patients limits the ability to determine whether they represent reverse remodeling of myocardial structure or just recovery from acute illness. A comparison of pediatric and adult gene expression changes with VAD support reveals approximately 40% of genes to be oppositely regulated, indicating that the pediatric genetic response is distinct. These observations highlight a necessity to better understand reverse remodeling specific to pediatric myocardium, which is crucial to improving clinical strategies for bridge‐to‐recovery in children.
In Vivo Hemodynamic Performance Evaluation of Novel Electrocardiogram‐Synchronized Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Extracorporeal Life Support Systems in an Adult Swine Model
Authors: Wang Shigang , Izer Jenelle M. , Clark Joseph B. , Patel Sunil , Pauliks Linda , Kunselman Allen R. , Leach Donald , Cooper Timothy K. , Wilson Ronald P. , Ündar Akif 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate a novel electrocardiogram (ECG)‐synchronized pulsatile extracorporeal life support (ECLS) system for adult partial mechanical circulatory support for adequate quality of pulsatility and enhanced hemodynamic energy generation in an in vivo animal model. The secondary aim was to assess end‐organ protection during nonpulsatile versus synchronized pulsatile flow mode. Ten adult swine were randomly divided into a nonpulsatile group (NP, n = 5) and pulsatile group (P, n = 5), and placed on ECLS for 24 h using an i‐cor system consisting of an i‐cor diagonal pump, an iLA membrane ventilator, an 18 Fr femoral arterial cannula and a 23/25 Fr femoral venous cannula. Trials were conducted at a flow rate of 2.5 L/min using nonpulsatile or pulsatile mode (with assist ratio 1:1). Real‐time pressure and flow data were recorded using a custom‐based data acquisition system. To the best of our knowledge, the oxygenator and circuit pressure drops were the lowest for any available system in both groups. The ECG‐synchronized i‐cor ECLS system was able to trigger pulsatile flow in the porcine model. After 24‐h ECLS, energy equivalent pressure, surplus hemodynamic energy, and total hemodynamic energy at preoxygenator and prearterial cannula sites were significantly higher in the P group than those in the NP group (P < 0.05). Urine output was higher in P versus NP (3379 ± 443 mL vs. NP, 2598 ± 1012 mL), and the P group seemed to require less inotropic support, but both did not reach statistical significances (P > 0.05). The novel i‐cor system performed well in the nonpulsatile and ECG‐synchronized pulsatile mode in an adult animal ECLS model. The iLA membrane oxygenator had an extremely lower transmembrane pressure gradient and excellent gas exchange capability. Our findings suggest that ECG‐triggered pulsatile ECLS provides superior end‐organ protection with improved renal function and systemic vascular tone.
Indirect effects of land‐use legacies determine tree colonization patterns in abandoned heathland
Authors: Kepfer‐Rojas Sebastian , Verheyen Kris , Johannsen Vivian Kvist , Schmidt Inger Kappel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractQuestionsHow do land‐use legacies and distance to forest patches influence tree colonization at a post‐agricultural heathland? Are colonizing species with different life‐history traits affected differently by these factors? Is the effect of increased nutrient availability from land‐use legacies mediated by the understorey vegetation?LocationNørholm hede, a 350‐ha heathland in southwest Denmark developing naturally after abandonment of traditional agricultural practices in 1895.MethodsUsing 140 plots (0.03 ha), we quantified the vegetation structure, soil properties and natural recruitment of tree/shrubs in the heathland. Further, we used high‐resolution LiDAR data to classify the vegetation and identify forest patches. In the analysis, we first used a logistic mixed model to test whether colonization of tree and shrub species differed between areas with different land‐use history and whether it was influenced by the distance to forest patches and life‐history traits (seed mass) of colonizing species. Then, to determine how different factors influence colonization, we explored the direct and indirect relationships among nutrient availability, density of adult trees, canopy cover, cover of Deschampsia flexuosa and the probability of seedling colonization in each plot using a confirmatory multilevel path analysis.ResultsThe probability of seedling colonization for small‐ and large‐seeded species decreased with distance to forest patches. This response was more pronounced at the previously cultivated area. Multilevel path analysis showed that colonizing species with different life‐history traits were affected by different factors. Small‐seeded species were negatively affected by increased nutrient availability mediated by an increase in the cover of D. flexuosa. This effect was not found for large‐seeded species. Moreover, the density of trees/shrubs (>2 m) increased the probability of colonization of small‐seeded species, whereas higher canopy cover had a positive effect on large‐seeded species.ConclusionsOur analyses demonstrate that the interactions between abiotic factors, biotic interactions and life‐history traits of colonizing species can lead to distinct patterns of tree colonization. Land‐use legacies can have long‐lasting, indirect effects on tree colonization by altering the composition of the understorey vegetation, which in turn can delay tree encroachment and slow down the succession from heathland to forest.
Building Evidence‐Based Interventions for the Youth, Providers, and Contexts of Real‐World Mental‐Health Care
Authors: Santucci Lauren C. , Thomassin Kristel , Petrovic Lea , Weisz John R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEfforts to identify empirically supported treatments (ESTs) for youth's mental health problems are valuable, but the descriptor empirically supported does not guarantee that a treatment will work well in everyday clinical use. The voltage drop often seen when ESTs move from efficacy studies to clinical practice contexts may reflect limited exposure to real‐world conditions during development and testing. One result may be interventions that are focused more narrowly and are more linear than the clinical practice they are designed to enhance. In this article, we suggest three strategies for building and refining ESTs that are robust for real‐world application: (a) designing interventions to fit the contexts of youth treatment, (b) structuring interventions that can be tailored to fit individual youth characteristics, and (c) building programs for nontraditional intervention contexts. In addition, we describe how to develop interventions that are ready for practical implementation: the deployment‐focused model.
The effect of Oral Rehydration Solution on apoptosis of periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Jabarifar Seyed Ebrahim , Razavi Seyed Mohammad , Haje Norouzali Tehrani Maryam , Roayaei Ardekani Maryam 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundOver the years, numerous studies have been conducted to find a storage medium with favorable properties to preserve the avulsed teeth. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is a simple oral solution containing glucose and electrolytes. In addition to physiologic PH and osmolality, it has other important properties such as availability and inexpensiveness, storing potential in different conditions and places, and long lifetime. This study was carried out to more precisely investigate the storage of cells in this substance in different concentrations and in longer times, and to evaluate the programmed cell death or apoptosis as well as cell viability.Material and methodsThe cultured PDL cells of this experimental study were exposed to three concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% ORS in comparison with Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and tap water. They were then analyzed by Tetrazolium Salt‐based Colorimetric (MTT) Assay in 2‐, 6‐, 12‐, 24‐, and 48‐h periods and by Apoptosis Assay in 12‐, 24‐, and 48‐h time periods. Data were analyzed by spss software using anova and Post hoc (Duncan) tests. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOverall, the maximum viable cells and minimum apoptotic cells were reported after the cells' exposure to ORS (100%). Also, the minimum level of viable cells was observed in ORS (25%) group and the highest level of apoptotic cells was observed in 25% and 50% ORS groups.ConclusionORS preserved more viable cells and induced fewer apoptotic cells in comparison with HBSS.
Proposal of inducible skin‐associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT)
Authors: Ono Sachiko , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the 1980s, Streilein et al. introduced the term ‘skinassociated lymphoid tissue (SALT)’ based on observations that revealed the existence of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in the skin and that T cells are activated in the skin draining lymph nodes. However, in the perspective of SALT, it remains still unclear whether and how cellular components in the skin interact with each other. In addition, whether the T‐cell activation occurs in the skin in situ has also been unrevealed. With the close observation of a skin specimen obtained from a patient with contact dermatitis, we discovered that dermal DCs (dDCs) clustered and closely attached to T cells. Thus, we hypothesized that this clustering might be essential for the establishment of the dermatitis and the T‐cell activation in situ. Through the detailed examination of the elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity as a murine model of contact dermatitis, we demonstrated the formation of sequential leukocyte clusters at the postcapillary venules. The clusters include perivascular macrophages that are activated by IL‐1a produced by keratinocytes and dDCs that are attracted by these macrophages through CXCL2 signalling, both of which are essential for the efficient activation of memory T cells in situ. The structure does not exist in the steady state, but is ‘induced’ in response to local inflammatory conditions. Herein, we propose that this structure to be termed as ‘inducible SALT (iSALT)’.
Swedish birds are tracking temperature but not rainfall: evidence from a decade of abundance changes
Authors: Tayleur Catherine , Caplat Paul , Massimino Dario , Johnston Alison , Jonzén Niclas , Smith Henrik G. , Lindström Åke 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo quantify avian distribution shifts and the extent of niche tracking in response to changing temperature and precipitation patterns.LocationSweden.MethodsWe used abundance monitoring data to quantify changes in bird species distributions between two time periods, 2000–02 and 2010–12. First we examined shifts at the level of whole distributions using population centroids in temperature, rainfall, altitude, latitude and longitude. We then characterized shifts in temperature and latitude at different parts of species ranges using species response curves (SRC). We accounted for yearly turnover in abundance and sampling effort, and compared the observed shifts with those expected under perfect niche tracking.ResultsMost species demonstrated changes in their distributions over the last decade but not all were in response to weather. The degree to which species tracked their climatic niches and the dynamics driving these shifts varied considerably. Only 20% of species shifted in the direction expected given the temperature changes, while few showed a strong response to rainfall. Most shifts did not fully compensate for changes in temperature. Range changes were most evident at the leading edges, but there was some evidence for retractions of trailing edges. Amongst species that tracked temperature, those with southerly distributions were less successful at tracking changes than those in the north.Main conclusionsSwedish birds demonstrated highly dynamic distributions, with many rapid directional shifts occurring over the last decade. However, only a few species kept pace with observed climatic change. Species that did not track their climatic niche may be tolerant to ongoing climatic change or constrained by strong habitat requirements. We demonstrate that measuring range shifts along both environmental and geographic gradients can help disentangle drivers of distribution changes.
Gingival crevicular blood for screening of blood glucose level in patients with & without diabetes: a chair‐side test
Authors: Bhavsar MV , Brahmbhatt NA , Sahayata V , Bhavsar NV 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes is a pandemic disease with increasing prevalence and serious complications. Periodontitis being one of its presentation and is its sixth recognized complication. This study compares blood glucose levels in gingival crevicular blood of patients with and without diabetes elicited during routine periodontal probing and venous blood sample.MethodsSeventy patients with moderate gingivitis and periodontitis positive for bleeding on probing were chosen. All the subjects were divided in two groups, group I consisted of 35 diabetic and group II of 35 non‐diabetic subjects. Blood from the gingiva of the most inflamed site was collected with the test strip of a glucose self‐monitoring device, and the blood glucose levels were measured. At the same time, intravenous blood was collected for measurement in a laboratory glucose analyzer. Gingival index and probing pocket depth were evaluated for each subject at same time.ResultsThe mean GCB levels and VB derived from all samples were 156.07 ± 49.23 mg dl‐1 and 156 ± 49.89 mg dl‐1, respectively, for diabetic group and 90.80 ± 11.07 and 93.41 ± 9.30 for non‐diabetic group. In both the groups, the difference between GCB and VB glucose levels was non‐significant (P > 0.005). Highly significant correlation between GCB and VB (r = 0.972 for diabetic and r = 0.721 for non‐diabetic) in both the groups was found.ConclusionThe data from this study show that GCB collected during diagnostic periodontal examination can be an excellent source for estimation of blood sugar or glucometric analysis. This technique is also suitable for routine screening of diabetic and early diagnosis of unknown diabetic cases.
COLLOID MILIUM—HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON COLLOID—
Authors: Sasai Yoichiro , Saito Nobuya 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe histochemical property of colloid was studied in two cases of colloid milium. Alcian blue, azure A, and periodic acid Schiff were used to stain mucopolysaccharides. Bromphenol blue was employed for detection of basic proteins. In a further attempt to identify various polyanions histochemically, staining was carried out with alcian blue containing various concentrations of electrolytes. Methylation, saponification, mild acid hydrolysis, and digestion with streptomyces or testicular hyaluronidase, or chondroitinase ABC were also employed. The results obtained indicate that the colloid in the present cases contains sulfated acid mucopolysaccharide, probably chondroitin sulfate C.
LOW LEVEL OF ACIDIC NUCLEAR PROTEINS IN RAT FIBROBLASTS CULTURED IN MEDIUM CONTAINING PREDNISOLONE
Authors: Dekio Satoshi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe growth rate of rat fibroblasts cultured in medium containing prednisolone was lower than that of those cultured in medium not containing prednisolone. Acidic nuclear proteins and histones were extracted from the nuclei of cultured rat fibroblasts. The amounts of the extracted nuclear proteins were measured with Folin‐Lowry's technique, and the ratios of acidic nuclear proteins to histones were calculated. The ratio of nuclear proteins from rat fibroblasts cultured in medium containing prednisolone was lower than that of those cultured in medium not containing prednisolone. It is suggested that the low level of acidic nuclear proteins in medium containing prednisolone may cause repressed protein synthesis and thus growth inhibition in cultured fibroblasts.
EXPERIMENTAL CONTACT DERMATITIS IN MICE
Authors: Kawamura Yukio , Sonobe Katsuya , Shimizu Masayuki , Hamaguchi Tsuguo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDermatitis due to contact with DNCB was studied in mice. The reaction was shown by pathomorphological and autoradiographic studies to be an increase in epidermal mitotic activity.Sensitization of thymectomized mice, NZB mice, and passive transfer with peritoneal exudate cells demonstrated that this increase in epidermal mitotic activity is dependent upon cell‐mediated or delayed hypersensitivity.Although the induction of epidermal changes of eczematous contact dermatitis in mice has been considered difficult, by challenging acanthotic mouse epidermis we have been able to produce such changes as lymphocytic basal spongiosis.These results indicate that mice as well as guinea pigs are useful in experimental contact dermatitis.
AN INTERROGATIVE STUDY OF PATTERN OF URTICARIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: Sehgal V.N. , Rege V.L. , Kharangate V.N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTOf the 44 patients of urticaria in children in 52.3 percent, the etiologic agents were defined with food as the major cause. The clinical features were characterized by itching, erythema, wheals and oedema of different configuration. The urticaria lesions were commonly seen on the extremities and the trunk. Largely the patients applied for treatment in the course of a week. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 5–9 years. The acute urticaria was most frequent, while the other variants were rare. The laboratory investigations were largely equivocal. The parasitic infestations in particular as etiologic factors were inconclusive.
IMMUNOCYTOLOGICAL LOCALIZATION OF LYSOZYME IN HUMAN SKIN
Authors: Ogawa Hideoki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAntibody against human lysozyme was purified from sera of immunized rabbits using the immuno‐absorption technique.After conjugation of the purified antibody against human lysozyme with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), immunofluorescent studies were carried out on both normal human skin and peripheral blood cells. Specific immunofluorescence appeared in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells and was much stronger in the upper cell layer than in the basal cell layer. Only slight fluorescence appeared in the horny layer. In the dermis, linear fluorescence was found along collagen fibers. In the immunocytological examination of peripheral blood cells, lysozyme was found in the cytoplasm of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN's).
SIX CASES OF ERYTHROPOIETIC PROTOPORPHYRIA
Authors: Nonaka Shigeo , Nishimoto Katsutaro , Hirowatari Tokuji , Honda Tetsuzo , Nogita Michio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSix patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria, the most common of the porphyrias, were seen at Nagasaki University Hospital and studied clinically and histopathologically. Cutaneous changes were observed in all six patients and are considered to be the result of both protoporphyrin and sunlight. These changes were classified as either acute or chronic, and the chronic changes were examined histologically and revealed a perivascular accumulation of PAS positive material in the upper dermis.Slight aberrations of liver function were found in three of our six cases, and we suggest that the liver cells were involved by a combination of protoporphyrin and sunlight.
KERATOSIS PALMOPLANTARIS MUTILANS*
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Nagata Takashi , Abe Shigeo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTKeratosis palmoplantaris mutilans was observed in a 50‐year‐old Japanese woman and one of her sons. The woman had saddle nose, a low IQ, was a victim of epileptic seizures for 20 years and of anosmia for one year. Her son did not share any of these symptoms.
FIVE CASES OF TICK BITE
Authors: Sakai Shigeo , Noguchi Makoto , Sofuni Satoshi , Fukushi Gyo , Yamaguchi Tomio , Takada Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTReported here are five cases of tick bite: in a 2‐year‐old boy, a 3‐year‐old girl, a 72‐year‐old woman, a 29‐year‐old woman, and a 51‐year‐old man. Four cases are thought to have occurred in a mountain area while one occurred in a city garden. None were accompanied with severe systemic symptoms or deuteropathies. The parasites were identified as the adult female tick Ixodes ovatus Neumann (3 cases) and Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka et Saito (2 cases), which are commonly distributed in Japan.