bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voordeelverrekening na het Verhaeg/Jenniskens-arrest
Authors: Bosch E.W. 
Published: October 2014

Voordeelverrekening na het Verhaeg/Jenniskens-arrest
In zijn arrest van 28 november 1969 heeft de Hoge Raad als algemeen uitgangspunt bepaald dat uitkeringen uit hoofde van sommenverzekeringen niet verrekend mogen worden bij de vergoeding van letselschades. De Hoge Raad achtte het bestaan van een sommenverzekering een aangelegenheid die de laedens niet aangaat. De praktijk was echter weerbarstiger.Met zijn arrest van 1 oktober 2010 inzake Verhaeg/Jenniskens heeft de Hoge Raad genoemd uitgangspunt genuanceerd. Sinds dit arrest zijn er inmiddels drie jaar verstreken en is er een aantal vonnissen en arresten gewezen. In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht hoe deze uitspraken zich verhouden tot het arrest uit 2010 en welke invulling de lagere rechter geeft aan de gezichtspunten die door de Hoge Raad zijn geformuleerd.
Naar standaardisering van de kosten van de deelgeschilprocedure?
Authors: Kerekes I.D. 
Published: October 2014

Naar standaardisering van de kosten van de deelgeschilprocedure?
De rechter dient per deelgeschil te beoordelen of en in hoeverre de kosten die een partij stelt te hebben gemaakt in het kader van de procedure als redelijk kunnen worden aangemerkt. In de praktijk blijkt het lastig te ontdekken wat onder ‘redelijke kosten’ dient te worden verstaan. Belangenbehartigers, verzekeraars en rechters hebben de behoefte geuit aan een handvat om de redelijkheid van de kosten te kunnen beoordelen en/of een betere inschatting te kunnen maken van het mogelijke kostenrisico. In de literatuur is betoogd dat standaardisering van de kosten in de deelgeschilprocedure tot meer transparantie en rechtszekerheid zal leiden. Met de evaluatie van de Wet deelgeschillen op komst lijkt dit een geschikt moment om het kostenprobleem en een aantal oplossingen die zijn aangedragen op een rij te zetten.
Fraudeonderzoek, privacy en onrechtmatig verkregen bewijsmateriaal
Authors: de Vries H.H. , Oskam P. 
Published: October 2014

Fraudeonderzoek, privacy en onrechtmatig verkregen bewijsmateriaal
Het risico op bewijsuitsluiting vormt voor verzekeraars wellicht de ultieme sanctie op schending van regels ter bescherming van privacy en persoonsgegeven. Deze bijdrage schetst een overzicht van een aantal recente ontwikkelingen op dit gebied. De volgende vragen staan centraal: wanneer is fraudeonderzoek rechtmatig; is het uitsluiten van onrechtmatig verkregen bewijs een trend waarmee verzekeraars in toenemende mate rekening moeten houden bij het verzamelen van persoonsgegevens, of is van een ‘trend’ geen sprake; tegen welke andere sancties zouden verzekeraars aan kunnen lopen bij schending van het recht op privacy van verzekerden en benadeelden; en welke regels en bijbehorende sancties zullen in de toekomst voor verzekeraars gelden onder de komende Algemene verordening gegevensbescherming?
A Targetable Androgen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Subtype Hidden Among the Triple-Negative Cancers
Authors: Safarpour Damoun , Tavassoli Fattaneh A. 
Published: October 2014

ContextTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subgroup of breast cancers that by definition lack expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). A diverse group of tumors, TNBC shares some morphologic and molecular features with basal-like breast cancer, a category of breast cancer defined by gene expression profiling. More likely to occur in young women and African Americans, TNBCs may exhibit aggressive behavior and are associated with poor prognosis despite their initial response to conventional chemotherapy. Because hormonal or HER2-targeted therapies are ineffective for these tumors, the main therapeutic option is systemic chemotherapy. Therefore, identification of new targets for therapy is urgently needed for this group.ObjectiveTo review and present recent literature along with our own experience regarding the clinical and morphologic characteristics and the prevalence of androgen receptor (AR) expression in TNBC, and to discuss the potential use of AR as a therapeutic target for AR+ TNBC.Data SourcesData sources are published articles from peer-reviewed journals in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine).ConclusionsAR is the most commonly expressed hormone receptor among all breast carcinomas, with a prevalence of 25% to 75% among TNBCs. Therefore, we strongly support the routine assessment of AR in TNBC, and preferably in all breast carcinomas.
The effect of horizontal resolution on simulation quality in the Community Atmospheric Model, CAM5.1
Authors: Wehner Michael F. , Reed Kevin A. , Li Fuyu , Prabhat  , Bacmeister Julio , Chen Cheng‐Ta , Paciorek Christopher , Gleckler Peter J. , Sperber Kenneth R. , Collins William D. , Gettelman Andrew , Jablonowski Christiane 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present an analysis of version 5.1 of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5.1) at a high horizontal resolution. Intercomparison of this global model at approximately 0.25°, 1°, and 2° is presented for extreme daily precipitation as well as for a suite of seasonal mean fields. In general, extreme precipitation amounts are larger in high resolution than in lower‐resolution configurations. In many but not all locations and/or seasons, extreme daily precipitation rates in the high‐resolution configuration are higher and more realistic. The high‐resolution configuration produces tropical cyclones up to category 5 on the Saffir‐Simpson scale and a comparison to observations reveals both realistic and unrealistic model behavior. In the absence of extensive model tuning at high resolution, simulation of many of the mean fields analyzed in this study is degraded compared to the tuned lower‐resolution public released version of the model.
Northern Hemisphere mid‐winter vortex‐displacement and vortex‐split stratospheric sudden warmings: Influence of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation
Authors: Liu Chuanxi , Tian Baijun , Li King‐Fai , Manney Gloria L. , Livesey Nathaniel J. , Yung Yuk L. , Waliser Duane E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigate the connection between the equatorial Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) and different types of the Northern Hemisphere mid‐winter major stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs), i.e., vortex‐displacement and vortex‐split SSWs. The MJO‐SSW relationship for vortex‐split SSWs is stronger than that for vortex‐displacement SSWs, as a result of the stronger and more coherent eastward propagating MJOs before vortex‐split SSWs than those before vortex‐displacement SSWs. Composite analysis indicates that both the intensity and propagation features of MJO may influence the MJO‐related circulation pattern at high latitudes and the type of SSWs. A pronounced Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) dependence is found for vortex‐displacement and vortex‐split SSWs, with vortex‐displacement (‐split) SSWs occurring preferentially in easterly (westerly) QBO phases. The lagged composites suggest that the MJO‐related anomalies in the Arctic are very likely initiated when the MJO‐related convection is active over the equatorial Indian Ocean (around the MJO phase 3). Further analysis suggests that the QBO may modulate the MJO‐related wave disturbances via its influence on the upper tropospheric subtropical jet. As a result, the MJO‐related circulation pattern in the Arctic tends to be wave number‐one/wave number‐two ~25–30 days following phase 3 (i.e., approximately phases 7–8, when the MJO‐related convection is active over the western Pacific) during easterly/westerly QBO phases, which resembles the circulation pattern associated with vortex‐displacement/vortex‐split SSWs.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of warm season convection over Pearl River Delta region, China, based on 3 years of operational radar data
Authors: Chen Xingchao , Zhao Kun , Xue Ming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study examines the temporal and spatial characteristics and distributions of convection over the Pearl River Delta region of Guangzhou, China, during the May–September warm season, using, for the first time for such a purpose, 3 years of operational Doppler radar data in the region. Results show that convective features occur most frequently along the southern coast and the windward slope of the eastern mountainous area of Pearl River Delta, with the highest frequency occurring in June and the lowest in September among the 5 months. The spatial frequency distribution pattern also roughly matches the accumulated precipitation pattern. The occurrence of convection in this region also exhibits strong diurnal cycles. During May and June, the diurnal distribution is bimodal, with the maximum frequency occurring in the early afternoon and a secondary peak occurring between midnight and early morning. The secondary peak is much weaker in July, August, and September. Convection near the coast is found to occur preferentially on days when a southerly low‐level jet (LLJ) exists, especially during the Meiyu season. Warm, moist, and unstable air is transported from the ocean to land by LLJs on these days, and the lifting along the coast by convergence induced by differential surface friction between the land and ocean is believed to be the primary cause for the high frequency along the coast. In contrast, the high frequency over mountainous area is believed to be due to orographic lifting of generally southerly flows during the warm season.
Dopaminergic therapy affects learning and impulsivity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hiebert Nole M. , Seergobin Ken N. , Vo Andrew , Ganjavi Hooman , MacDonald Penny A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to examine the effect of dopaminergic medication on stimulus‐response learning versus performing decisions based on learning.MethodTo see the effect of dopaminergic therapy on stimulus‐response learning and response selection, participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) were either tested on and/or off their prescribed dose of dopaminergic therapy during different testing days. Forty participants with PD and 34 healthy controls completed the experiment on consecutive days. On Day 1, participants learned to associate abstract images with spoken, “right” or “left” responses via feedback (Session 1). On Day 2, participants recalled these responses (Session 2) and indicated the location (i.e., right or left of center) of previously studied images intermixed with new images (Session 3).ResultsParticipants with PD off medication learned stimulus‐response associations equally well compared to healthy controls. Learning was impaired by dopaminergic medication. Regardless of medication status, patients recalled the stimulus‐response associations from Day 1 as well as controls. In Session 3 off medication, patients demonstrated enhanced facilitation relative to controls and patients on medication, when the stimulus location was congruent with the spoken response that was learned for the stimulus in Session 1.InterpretationLearning in PD was comparable to that of healthy controls off medication. Learning was worsened by dopaminergic therapy in PD. We interpret greater facilitation in participants with PD off medication for congruent responses as evidence of greater impulsivity. This motor or reflexive impulsivity was normalized by medication in PD. These findings shed light on the cognitive profile of PD and have implications for dopaminergic treatment.
Benefits of variable structure techniques for parameter estimation in stochastic systems using least squares method and instrumental variables
Authors: Escobar Jesica , Poznyak Alexander 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we study the benefits of the equivalent control method, implemented on parameter estimation algorithms like the least squares method and instrumental variables on continuous‐time stochastic systems. Here, we show how the equivalent‐control, adapted to the stochastic case, improves the performance of these estimation algorithms in continuous‐time systems under white noise perturbations. Some numerical examples show the effectiveness of these techniques. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polycarbonate polyurethane elastomers synthesized via a solvent‐free and nonisocyanate melt transesterification process
Authors: Dongdong Pan , Hengshui Tian 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSoluble and thermally stable polycarbonate polyurethane elastomers were synthesized through a solvent‐free and nonisocyanate melt transesterification process. The conditions of this process were studied, and the optimum conditions were as follows: the catalyst dibutyltin oxide dosage was 0.125 wt %, the raw material molar (n) ratio of dimethyl 1,6‐hexamethylene dicarbamate (HDC) to poly(carbonate macrodiol) (PCDL) was n(HDC)/n(PCDL) = 1:0.99, the reactants were prepolymerized under 100°C for 1 h and then under 185°C and a high vacuum for 4 h. Three different PCDLs were selected to participate in the reaction under the conditions mentioned previously, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The products obtained from this process were still stable under 280°C. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41377.
Effects of dianhydrides on the thermal behavior of linear and crosslinked polyimides
Authors: Kim Kwangin , Yoo Taewon , Kim Jinyoung , Ha Hyemin , Han Haksoo 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTTo determine the thermal characteristics of linear and crosslinked polyimides (PIs), BTDA, ODPA, and 6FDA were used to synthesize polyimides. Thermal degradation temperature and glass transition temperature of the resulting PIs were measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To measure the change in modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) depending on dianhydride structure, a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and thermo‐mechanical analyzer (TMA) were used. The thermal degradation and glass transition temperature properties of linear PIs varied according to whether the linear chain adopted a bulky or flexible structure. Dynamic modulus and thermal expansion values of linear polyimides also showed good agreement with the TGA and DSC results. As we expected, linear polyimide with bulky 6FDA groups showed better thermal behavior than the flexible polyimides. Crosslinked polyimide nadic end‐capped (norbornene) with a bulky dianhydride group had a lower thermal degradation temperature and higher CTE than flexible BTDA and ODPA polyimides. Our results indicate that the mobility of the dianhydride group affects the thermal behaviors of linear and crosslinked polyimides in different ways. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41412.
A Kalman filter approach to dynamic OD flow estimation for urban road networks using multi‐sensor data
Authors: Lu Zhenbo , Rao Wenming , Wu Yao‐Jan , Guo Li , Xia Jingxin 
Published: October 2014

SummaryConsiderable efforts have been devoted to the development of dynamic origin‐destination (OD) estimation models, which are a key step to realizing self‐adaptive traffic control systems for urban traffic management. However, most of the models proposed to date estimate OD flows based on a single traffic data source, and their performance is limited by the coverage and accuracy of traffic sensors. The inherent difficulty in estimating the dynamic traffic assignment matrix means that dynamic OD estimation remains a challenge for real‐life applications. This paper proposes the use of a Kalman filter for dynamic OD estimation using multi‐source sensor data. The dynamic characteristic of changing OD flow over time is analyzed, and the problem of dynamic OD estimation is converted to a problem of estimating OD structural deviation. The resulting dynamic relationship between traffic volume and OD structural deviation is then used to establish the Kalman filter model. An improved traffic assignment approach is developed and embedded into the measurement equation of the Kalman filter model to enable dynamic updating of the traffic assignment matrix. A dual self‐adaptive mechanism based on the Kalman filter is used to calibrate the model. The proposed method was implemented on a real‐life traffic network in the downtown area of Kunshan City, China. The results show that the proposed method is more accurate than, and outperforms, the traditional link‐volume‐based and turning‐movement‐based methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The contribution of bacteria to algal growth by carbon cycling
Authors: Bai Xue , Lant Paul , Pratt Steven 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAlgal mass production in open systems is often limited by the availability of inorganic carbon substrate. In this paper, we evaluate how bacterial driven carbon cycling mitigates carbon limitation in open algal culture systems. The contribution of bacteria to carbon cycling was determined by quantifying algae growth with and without supplementation of bacteria. It was found that adding heterotrophic bacteria to an open algal culture dramatically enhanced algae productivity. Increases in algal productivity due to supplementation of bacteria of 4.8 and 3.4 times were observed in two batch tests operating at two different pH values over 7 days. A kinetic model is proposed which describes carbon limited algal growth, and how the limitation could be overcome by bacterial activity to re‐mineralize photosynthetic end products. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 688–695. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of perioperative chemotherapy on oncological outcomes after gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Bringeland E A , Wasmuth H H , Fougner R , Mjønes P , Grønbech J E 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Perioperative chemotherapy has become standard care for resectable gastric cancer. However, available evidence is based on a limited number of trials, and the outcomes in routine clinical practice and in unselected patients are scarcely reported.

Methods
The study included a consecutive series of patients with resectable gastric cancer treated between 2001 and 2011 in Central Norway. Before 2007, patients with resectable gastric cancer did not receive perioperative chemotherapy. Since 2007, medically fit patients with resectable gastric cancer and aged 75 years or less have been offered this. Response rates were evaluated by CT, and tolerability was assessed by the frequency of hospital admission, need for dose reduction or treatment discontinuation. The two time intervals were compared on an intention-to-treat basis for patients aged no more than 75 years for any impact on resection rates, surgical morbidity, postoperative mortality and long-term survival.

Results
About two-thirds (259) of the 419 patients registered were aged 75 years or less at diagnosis. Ninety-five of 136 patients in the later interval were eligible for chemotherapy, of whom 90 actually received the specified regimen, and 78 (87 per cent) were able to complete the preoperative course. Only 40 (44 per cent) completed all scheduled preoperative and postoperative cycles. Thirty-eight (43 per cent) of 89 evaluable patients showed a definite response on CT. Chemotherapy had no impact on postoperative morbidity or mortality. The 5-year survival rate on an intention-to-treat basis was 40·7 (95 per cent c.i. 30·7 to 50·7) per cent in the first interval, compared with 41·7 (31·5 to 51·9) per cent after the introduction of perioperative chemotherapy (P = 0·765). After adjustment for other risk factors, based on comparisons of the two time intervals, there were no differences in oncological outcomes with the use of perioperative chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Perioperative chemotherapy was completed in less than half of the patients with resectable gastric cancer. An observed tumour response to chemotherapy did not translate into any long-term survival benefit compared with surgery alone.
A Covalent Organic Framework–Cadmium Sulfide Hybrid as a Prototype Photocatalyst for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production
Authors: Thote Jayshri , Aiyappa Harshitha Barike , Deshpande Aparna , Díaz Díaz David , Kurungot Sreekumar , Banerjee Rahul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCdS nanoparticles were deposited on a highly stable, two‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) matrix and the hybrid was tested for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The efficiency of CdS‐COF hybrid was investigated by varying the COF content. On the introduction of just 1 wt % of COF, a dramatic tenfold increase in the overall photocatalytic activity of the hybrid was observed. Among the various hybrids synthesized, that with 10 wt % COF, named CdS‐COF (90:10), was found to exhibit a steep H2 production amounting to 3678 μmol h−1 g−1, which is significantly higher than that of bulk CdS particles (124 μmol h−1 g−1). The presence of a π‐conjugated backbone, high surface area, and occurrence of abundant 2D hetero‐interface highlight the usage of COF as an effective support for stabilizing the generated photoelectrons, thereby resulting in an efficient and high photocatalytic activity.
The Formation of Organogels and Helical Nanofibers from Simple Organic Salts
Authors: Yoshii Yuya , Hoshino Norihisa , Takeda Takashi , Moritomo Hiroki , Kawamata Jun , Nakamura Takayoshi , Akutagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSimple organic salts based on aniline‐derived cations and D‐tartrate anions formed organogels and helical nanofibers. The organic salt (p‐fluoroanilinium)(D‐tartrate) was found to generate an organogel despite the absence of a hydrophobic alkyl chain, whereas (p‐iodoanilinium)(D‐tartrate) formed helical nanofibers in braided ropelike structures through a rolling‐up process. The helicity of these nanofibers could be reversed by changing the growth solvent. The driving forces responsible for the formation of the nanofibers were determined to be 1D OH⋅⋅⋅O− hydrogen‐bonding interactions between D‐tartrate anions and π stacking of anilinium cations, as well as steric hindrance between the hydrogen‐bonded chains.
Switchable Enzyme/DNAzyme Cascades by the Reconfiguration of DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Wang Fuan , Lu Chun‐Hua , Girsh Julia , Golub Eyal , Willner Itamar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMimicking cellular transformations and signal transduction pathways by means of biocatalytic cascades proceeding in organized media is a scientific challenge. We describe two DNA machines that enable the “ON/OFF” switchable activation and deactivation of three‐component biocatalytic cascades. One system consists of a reconfigurable DNA tweezers‐type structure, whereas in the second system the catalytic cascade proceeds on a switchable DNA clamp scaffold. The three‐component catalytic cascades consist of β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal), glucose oxidase (GOx), and the K+‐ion‐stabilized hemin‐G‐quadruplex horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐mimicking DNAzyme. The hemin‐G‐quadruplex‐bridged closed structure of the tweezers or clamp allows the biocatalytic cascades to operate (switched “ON′′), whereas separation of the hemin‐G‐quadruplex by means of 18‐crown‐6‐ether opens the tweezers/clamp structures, thus blocking the catalytic cascade (switched ”OFF“). This study is complemented by two‐component, switchable biocatalytic cascades composed of GOx and hemin‐G‐quadruplex assembled on hairpin‐bridged DNA tweezers or clamp nanostructures.
Copper‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling of Nonactivated Alkyl Tosylates and Mesylates with Alkyl and Aryl Bromides
Authors: Liu Jing‐Hui , Yang Chu‐Ting , Lu Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Zhen‐Qi , Xu Ling , Cui Mian , Lu Xi , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling reaction of nonactivated alkyl tosylates and mesylates with alkyl and aryl bromides was developed. It provides a practical method for efficient and cost‐effective construction of aryl–alkyl and alkyl–alkyl CC bonds with stereocontrol from readily available substrates. When used in an intramolecular fashion, the reaction enables convenient access to various substituted carbo‐ or heterocycles, such as 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran and benzochromene derivatives.