bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding the drivers of bank erosion on the Mekong river: The roles of the Asian monsoon, tropical storms, and snowmelt
Authors: Darby Stephen E. , Leyland Julian , Kummu Matti , Räsänen Timo A. , Lauri Hannu 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
IOD events have a greater effect on Mekong bank erosion than ENSO events
Snow/glacier melt and tropical storms both affect Mekong River bank erosion
Mekong flows driving bank erosion have become increasingly variable
Instantaneous turbulent forces and impulse on a rough bed: Implications for initiation of bed material movement
Authors: Celik Ahmet Ozan , Diplas Panayiotis , Dancey Clint L. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
The pdf of impulse events is well described by a log normal distribution
The local streamwise velocity plays a dominant role on particle dislodgement
Wake flows increase particle entrainment via enhanced lift and increased TI
White‐tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) at the Smøla wind‐power plant, Central Norway, lack behavioral flight responses to wind turbines
Authors: Dahl Espen Lie , May Roel , Hoel Pernille Lund , Bevanger Kjetil , Pedersen Hans Chr , Røskaft Eivin , Stokke Bård G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEvidence is increasing of bird mortality due to large‐scale wind‐energy development. Soaring raptors, such as the white‐tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), have proven particularly vulnerable to collisions. In this study, we compared white‐tailed eagle flight behavior both inside and outside of the Smøla wind‐power plant on coastal Central Norway. During the eagle breeding period (mid‐Mar–end May 2008), we collected data on flight activity (directional flight, social behavior, and soaring) and flight altitude (below, within, and above the rotor‐swept zone [RSZ]) at 12 vantage points; 6 within the wind‐power plant and 6 outside (control area). We found that white‐tailed eagles did not show any clear avoidance flight responses to the wind turbines. Hence, we found no significant differences in the total amount of flight activity within and outside the power‐plant area. However, we found less flight activity among adults than among subadults within the power plant compared with the control area. We also found a slightly increased probability of flight activity in the RSZ within the power plant, which obviously may increase the risk of collision with wind turbines. Our findings may help explain the relatively high mortality rate of white‐tailed eagles in the wind‐power‐plant area and the recorded peak in eagle fatalities during the breeding season. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Comparing bird and bat fatality‐rate estimates among North American wind‐energy projects
Authors: Smallwood K. Shawn 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEstimates of bird and bat fatalities are often made at wind‐energy projects to assess impacts by comparing them with other fatality estimates. Many fatality estimates have been made across North America, but they have varied greatly in field and analytical methods, monitoring duration, and in the size and height of the wind turbines monitored for fatalities, and few benefited from scientific peer review. To improve comparability among estimates, I reviewed available reports of fatality monitoring at wind‐energy projects throughout North America, and I applied a common estimator and 3 adjustment factors to data collected from these reports. To adjust fatality estimates for proportions of carcasses not found during routine monitoring, I used national averages from hundreds of carcass placement trials intended to characterize scavenger removal and searcher detection rates, and I relied on patterns of carcass distance from wind turbines to develop an adjustment for variation in maximum search radius around wind turbines mounted on various tower heights. Adjusted fatality rates correlated inversely with wind‐turbine size for all raptors as a group across the United States, and for all birds as a group within the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California. I estimated 888,000 bat and 573,000 bird fatalities/year (including 83,000 raptor fatalities) at 51,630 megawatt (MW) of installed wind‐energy capacity in the United States in 2012. As wind energy continues to expand, there is urgent need to improve fatality monitoring methods, especially in the implementation of detection trials, which should be more realistically incorporated into routine monitoring. © 2013 The Wildlife Society
Production of natural value-added compounds: an insight into the eugenol biotransformation pathway
Authors: Mishra Shashank , Sachan Ashish , Sachan Shashwati Ghosh 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
During the past few years, the production of natural value-added compounds from microbial sources has gained tremendous importance. Due to an increase in consumer demand for natural products, various food and pharmaceutical industries are continuously in search of novel metabolites obtained from microbial biotransformation. The exploitation of microbial biosynthetic pathways is both feasible and cost effective in the production of natural compounds. The environmentally compatible nature of these products is one major reason for their increasing demand. Novel approaches for natural product biogeneration will take advantage of the current studies on biotechnology, biochemical pathways and microbiology. The interest of the scientific community has shifted toward the use of microbial bioconversion for the production of valuable compounds from natural substrates. The present review focuses on eugenol biotransformation by microorganisms resulting in the formation of various value-added products such as ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, vanillin and vanillic acid.
In vitro read‐through of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) nonsense mutations using aminoglycosides: a potential therapy for phenylketonuria
Authors: Ho Gladys , Reichardt Juergen , Christodoulou John 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU, OMIM 261600) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism, predominantly caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. Approximately 10 % of patients carry a nonsense mutation, which results in an inactive or unstable truncated protein. In some genetic disorders, including cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, restoration of full‐length protein has been achieved by aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin and G‐418 (Geneticin). More recently, nonsense read‐through has been induced at greater rates using a non‐aminoglycoside drug, PTC124 (Ataluren), which has the advantage of being non‐toxic in contrast to the antibiotics. The efficacy of read‐through induced by three compounds, aminoglycosides G418 and gentamicin, and PTC124 were evaluated for four nonsense mutations of PAH in an in vitro expression system in two mammalian cell lines (COS‐7 and HEK293). The production of full‐length PAH was investigated using western blotting and the functionality confirmed by enzyme activity. Gentamicin and G‐418 induced read‐through of nonsense PAH mutations in HEK293 cells. The read‐through product partially restored enzymatic activity, which was significantly less than that of wild‐type, but comparable to a missense mutation of PAH associated with less severe forms of PKU. Treatment with PTC124 up to 100 μM did not result in full‐length PAH polypeptide. Nonsense read‐through drugs are a potential form of treatment for PKU, although the high dosage of aminoglycosides used is not appropriate in a clinical setting. In vitro studies with new non‐toxic read‐through agents as well as in vivo studies would also be essential to determine the extent of read‐through required to restore normal phenylalanine levels.
How Do Tougher Immigration Measures Affect Unauthorized Immigrants?
Authors: Amuedo-Dorantes Catalina , Puttitanun Thitima , Martinez-Donate Ana P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe recent impetus of tougher immigration-related measures passed at the state level raises concerns about the impact of such measures on the migration experience, trajectory, and future plans of unauthorized immigrants. In a recent and unique survey of Mexican unauthorized immigrants interviewed upon their voluntary return or deportation to Mexico, almost a third reported experiencing difficulties in obtaining social or government services, finding legal assistance, or obtaining health care services. Additionally, half of these unauthorized immigrants reported fearing deportation. When we assess how the enactment of punitive measures against unauthorized immigrants, such as E-Verify mandates, has affected their migration experience, we find no evidence of a statistically significant association between these measures and the difficulties reported by unauthorized immigrants in accessing a variety of services. However, the enactment of these mandates infuses deportation fear, reduces interstate mobility among voluntary returnees during their last migration spell, and helps curb deportees’ intent to return to the United States in the near future.
Seized natural-history collections and the redefinition of scientific cosmopolitanism in the era of the French Revolution
Authors: LIPKOWITZ ELISE S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn order to recast scholarly understanding of scientific cosmopolitanism during the French Revolution, this essay examines the stories of the natural-history collections of the Dutch Stadholder and the French naturalist Labillardière that were seized as war booty. The essay contextualizes French and British savants' responses to the seized collections within their respective understandings of the relationship between science and state and of the property rights associated with scientific collections, and definitions of war booty that antedated modern transnational legal conventions. The essay argues that the French and British savants' responses to seized natural-history collections demonstrate no universal approach to their treatment. Nonetheless, it contends that the French and British approaches to these collections reveal the emergence in the 1790s of new forms of scientific nationalism that purported to be cosmopolitan – French scientific universalism and British liberal scientific improvement.
Is quality of diet associated with the microvasculature? An analysis of diet quality and retinal vascular calibre in older adults
Authors: Gopinath Bamini , Flood Victoria M. , Wang Jie Jin , Rochtchina Elena , Wong Tien Y. , Mitchell Paul 
Published: March 2013

It is unknown whether diet quality is associated with microvascular structure. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between diet quality, reflecting adherence to dietary guidelines, with retinal microvascular calibre in older adults. The dietary data of 2720 Blue Mountains Eye Study participants, aged 50+ years, were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ. A modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians was developed to determine total diet scores (TDS). Fundus photographs were taken and retinal vascular calibre measured using computer-assisted techniques and summarised. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, mean arterial blood pressure, smoking, serum glucose, leucocyte count and history of diagnosed stroke or CHD, persons with higher TDS had healthier retinal vessels cross-sectionally, with wider retinal arteriolar calibre (by approximately 3 μm, comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of TDS, Ptrend= 0·0001) and narrower retinal venular calibre (by approximately 2·5 μm; Ptrend= 0·02). In younger subjects aged ≤ 65 years, increasing TDS (lowest to the highest quartile) was associated with healthier retinal vessels: approximately 4·4 μm wider retinal arteriolar (Ptrend< 0·0001) and approximately 2·3 μm narrower venular calibre (Ptrend= 0·03). After multivariable adjustment, however, baseline TDS were not associated with retinal arteriolar (Ptrend= 0·89) or venular calibre (Ptrend= 0·25), 5 years later. Also, baseline TDS were not associated with the 5-year change in retinal arteriolar (β = 0·14; P= 0·29) or venular calibre (β = − 0·26; P= 0·07). Greater compliance with published dietary guidelines (higher diet quality) was cross-sectionally associated with wider retinal arterioles and narrower venules, indicating better retinal microvascular health.
Three species ofAsterocheres(Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Asterocheridae) from shallow Antarctic water
Authors: Kim Il-Hoi , Min Gi-Sik 
Published: March 2013

Three species ofAsterocheres, including two new species, are reported as associates of sponges in shallow Antarctic water.Asterocheres spinosussp. nov. has a combination of diagnostic features: mandibular palp is one-segmented, caudal ramus is 1.88 times as long as wide, antennule is 20-segmented in the female and 18-segmented in the male, urosome is spinulose, and legs 1 and 2 display weak sexual dimorphsims. InA. raisp. nov., the body is large, 1.66 mm long in the female, the lateral margin of genital double-somite is smooth without setules or spinules, the exopod of antenna bears only a single seta, with two mucilaginous substances transformed from setae, and the third endopodal segment of leg 1 bears a prolonged distal process. A supplementary description is given forA. hirsutusBandera, Conradi and López-González, 2005, recorded previously from the Antarctic.
Influences of farmer and veterinarian behaviour on emerging disease surveillance in England and Wales
Authors: GILBERT W. H. , HÄSLER B. N. , RUSHTON J. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYSurveillance for new and re-emerging animal diseases in England and Wales is based on post-mortem and syndromic analysis of laboratory data collated in a central database by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), with the aim of providing early warning of disease events prior to clinical diagnosis. Understanding the drivers for participation in such systems is critical to the success of attempts to improve surveillance sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the decision-making process governing the submission of biological samples on which this surveillance system is based by use of questionnaires. Data extracted were used to structure and parameterize scenario trees modelling the probability of generating an entry in the surveillance database. The mean probability for database entry per case ranged from 0·085 for neurological disorders to 0·25 for enteric disease. These findings illustrate the importance of on-farm decision making to the generation of surveillance data.
Trends in the evolution of life, brains and intelligence
Authors: Rospars Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThefIterm of Drake's equation – the fraction of life-bearing planets on which ‘intelligent’ life evolved – has been the subject of much debate in the last few decades. Several leading evolutionary biologists have endorsed the thesis that the probability of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe is vanishingly small. A discussion of this thesis is proposed here that focuses on a key issue in the debate: the existence of evolutionary trends, often presented as trends towards higher complexity, and their possible significance. The present state of knowledge on trends is reviewed. Measurements of quantitative variables that describe important features of the evolution of living organisms – their hierarchical organization, size and biodiversity – and of brains – their overall size, the number and size of their components – in relation to their cognitive abilities, provide reliable evidence of the reality and generality of evolutionary trends. Properties of trends are inferred and frequent misinterpretations (including an excessive stress on mere ‘complexity’) that prevent the objective assessment of trends are considered. Finally, several arguments against the repeatability of evolution to intelligence are discussed. It is concluded that no compelling argument exists for an exceedingly small probabilityfI. More research is needed before this wide-ranging negative conclusion is accepted.
Organic agriculture in Iran: Farmers' barriers to and factors influencing adoption
Authors: Soltani Shohreh , Azadi Hossein , Mahmoudi Hossein , Witlox Frank 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOrganic agriculture is being promoted in Iran to address environmental problems resulting from the use of chemical materials in agriculture. Despite many advantages of organic agriculture, the results of several case studies show that its adoption rate is still very low among farmers. The purpose of this paper is to review previous studies that investigated the main factors influencing and challenging the adoption of organic agriculture. The review included journal articles and conference papers from 2007 to 2012. The results show that Iranian farmers have strong motives for the adoption, yet face challenges in certifying, marketing, and accessing reliable technical information and credits. Given the review of factors that govern farmers' adoption of organic agriculture, key mechanisms for promoting farmers' adoption are discussed. Further research is needed to learn how to bring these mechanisms into play in Iran.
EMERGING FORMS OF CULTURAL CAPITAL
Authors: Prieur Annick , Savage Mike 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper takes stock of recent research on patterns of cultural engagement in various European nations, with specific reference to British and Danish research. It argues that Bourdieu's original theorisation of cultural capital in ‘Distinction’ needs to be significantly updated to register the decline of ‘highbrow’ culture which these studies reveal. However, we argue that this shift does not entail the erosion of cultural capital itself, or the rise of the ‘cultural omnivore’, so much as the emergence of a form of ‘cosmopolitan cultural capital’. We argue that this emerging cultural capital can be associated with the partial creation of a European field and testifies to the continued stakes of cultural engagement today
Ritodrine for Intractable Uterine Pain Due to Extrapelvic Malignant Tumor Metastases
Authors: Sugiura Yasoo , Nemoto Etsuo , Kadohira Ikuko , Kaseda Shizuka 
Published: March 2013

Background:
Effective pain management is an essential component of cancer treatment as approximately 75% of all cancer patients experience excruciating nociceptive pain even at maximum safe doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or opioids. We report a case where ritodrine hydrochloride effectively controlled refractory pain due to uterine metastases from thymic carcinoma.

Case presentation:
A 40-year-old woman presented at our hospital with chest discomfort, severe right femoral pain, and intermittent hypogastralgia. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography revealed a large mass in the anterior mediastinum, multiple nodules in the lungs, and multiple metastases on the uterus, lumbar vertebrae, and pelvic bones. Needle biopsies of the mediastinal and uterine cervical tumors revealed undifferentiated carcinoma of the thymus metastasizing to the uterus. Oxycodone and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieved the right femoral pain but not the hypogastralgia. We speculated that hypogastralgia did not result from somatalgia but from splanchnodynia. Ritodrine was administered in an effort to inhibit uterine contractions and to reduced the refractory pain and improved her quality of life.

Conclusion:
Ritodrine relieved the pain caused by uterine contraction due to metastases and enhanced the quality of life.
A Transcriptomic Network Underlies Microstructural and Physiological Responses to Cadmium in Populus × canescens
Authors: He Jiali , Li Hong , Luo Jie , Ma Chaofeng , Li Shaojun , Qu Long , Gai Ying , Jiang Xiangning , Janz Dennis , Polle Andrea , Tyree Melvin , Luo Zhi-Bin 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Bark tissue of Populus × canescens can hyperaccumulate cadmium, but microstructural, transcriptomic, and physiological response mechanisms are poorly understood. Histochemical assays, transmission electron microscopic observations, energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis, and transcriptomic and physiological analyses have been performed to enhance our understanding of cadmium accumulation and detoxification in P. × canescens. Cadmium was allocated to the phloem of the bark, and subcellular cadmium compartmentalization occurred mainly in vacuoles of phloem cells. Transcripts involved in microstructural alteration, changes in nutrition and primary metabolism, and stimulation of stress responses showed significantly differential expression in the bark of P. × canescens exposed to cadmium. About 48% of the differentially regulated transcripts formed a coregulation network in which 43 hub genes played a central role both in cross talk among distinct biological processes and in coordinating the transcriptomic regulation in the bark of P. × canescens in response to cadmium. The cadmium transcriptome in the bark of P. × canescens was mirrored by physiological readouts. Cadmium accumulation led to decreased total nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium and increased sulfur in the bark. Cadmium inhibited photosynthesis, resulting in decreased carbohydrate levels. Cadmium induced oxidative stress and antioxidants, including free proline, soluble phenolics, ascorbate, and thiol compounds. These results suggest that orchestrated microstructural, transcriptomic, and physiological regulation may sustain cadmium hyperaccumulation in P. × canescens bark and provide new insights into engineering woody plants for phytoremediation.
Preschool children learning about the origin of food, on local farms and in the preschool garden
Authors: Kos Marjanca , Jerman Janez 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish where four‐year old children think certain basic foods come from. The authors explored how much children can learn about the origin of food through outdoor activities in the garden at preschool and on local farms.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment was conducted with a control and an experimental group, which consisted of 32 children each. Before activities the authors used semi‐structured interviews about the source of food for both groups to explore children's prior knowledge. The experimental group practised activities at local farms and in their small vegetable garden. Then the authors repeated the semi‐structured interviews about the source of food for both groups.FindingsBefore their experience on the farms, many children had no idea where food comes from (milk 62 per cent, eggs 47 per cent, juice 78 per cent, and beans 84 per cent), while afterwards children in the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in their knowledge about the origin of food. Most children could tell us exactly where milk (84 per cent), eggs (84 per cent), juice (69 per cent), and beans (84 per cent) come from.Originality/valueThe paper concludes that through outdoor activities on farms and in the garden, even preschool children can learn that food comes from living beings.