bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent physical connections may explain weak genetic structure in western Alaskan chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) populations
Authors: Garvin Michael R. , Kondzela Christine M. , Martin Patrick C. , Finney Bruce , Guyon Jeffrey , Templin William D. , DeCovich Nick , Gilk‐Baumer Sara , Gharrett Anthony J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLow genetic divergence at neutral loci among populations is often the result of high levels of contemporary gene flow. Western Alaskan summer‐run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) populations demonstrate weak genetic structure, but invoking contemporary gene flow as the basis for the low divergence is problematic because salmon home to their natal streams and some of the populations are thousands of kilometers apart. We used genotypes from microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism loci to investigate alternative explanations for the current genetic structure of chum salmon populations from western Alaska. We also estimated current levels of gene flow among Kuskokwim River populations. Our results suggest that weak genetic structure is best explained by physical connections that occurred after the Holocene Thermal Maximum among the Yukon, Kuskokwim, and Nushagak drainages that allowed gene flow to occur among now distant populations.
Ligand Effects on Bonding and Ion Pairing in Cationic Gold(I) Catalysts Bearing Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zuccaccia Daniele , Belpassi Leonardo , Macchioni Alceo , Tarantelli Francesco 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe critically review recent experimental and theoretical investigations into some key aspects of the chemistry of gold(I) complexes of the type [L–Au–S]+X– (L = NHC carbenes and phosphanes, S = alkenes and alkynes, and X– = weakly coordinating counterion). These systems are important intermediates formed during gold‐catalyzed nucleophilic additions to an unsaturated substrate, and their specific activity is largely governed by two fundamental factors: the nature of the gold–substrate bond and the role of the ion‐pair structure in solution. Both are crucially influenced by the nature and properties of the auxiliary ligand L, and on this interplay we focus our discussion. The relative anion–cation orientation, investigated by NOE NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, shows that the exact position of the counterion is determined by the natures of the ancillary ligand and substrate: the counterion is located near the substrate in the phosphane complexes, while for the NHC complexes the preferred position of the counterion is near the ligand. This tunable interionic structure opens the way to greater control over the properties and activity of these catalysts. The bond between AuI and the unsaturated substrate is investigated using an original and powerful theoretical method of analysis. Our approach permits a rigorous definition and assessment of the charge‐displacement (CD) components at the heart of the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model: substrate‐to‐metal (σ donation) and metal‐to‐substrate (π back‐donation) and how these change with different ligands. The results consistently reveal that π back‐donation is a large and crucially important component of the AuI–substrate bond in all systems: π back‐donation penetrates the external side of coordinated alkynes, where nucleophile attack is directed, thus partially mitigating the electron depletion caused by σ donation.
Aftershock risk assessment and the decision to open traffic on bridges
Authors: Alessandri S. , Giannini R. , Paolacci F. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYCritical issues in emergency management after a seismic event are assessing the functionality of the main infrastructures (hospitals, road network, etc.) and deciding on their usability just after the mainshock. The use of a pure analytical tool to assess the aftershock risk of a structure can be contrasted with the limited time available to make a decision about the usability of a structure. For this reason, this paper presents a method for evaluating post‐earthquake bridge practicability based on a rational combination of information derived from numerical analyses and in situ inspections. In particular, we propose an effective tool to speed up the decision‐making process involved in evaluating the seismic risk of mainshock‐damaged bridges in the context of aftershocks. The risk is calculated by combining the aftershock hazard using the Omori law and the fragility curves of the structure, which are calculated using the regression analysis of a sample of results obtained with data randomly generated by the Latin Hypercube Sampling technique and updated based on the results of in situ inspection. Different decision criteria regarding the practicability of bridges are discussed, and a new criterion is proposed. This tool was applied to an old highway RC viaduct. There are two main findings, including the high sensitivity to Bayesian updating (especially when the damage predicted by numerical analysis does not match the real damage) and the criteria used to decide when re‐open bridges to traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa Have Their Say: A Review of Qualitative Studies on Treatment and Recovery from Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Bezance Jessica , Holliday Joanna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAnorexia nervosa often begins in adolescence, and there is a growing body of quantitative literature looking at the efficacy of treatment for adolescents. However, qualitative research has a valuable contribution to make to the understanding of treatment and recovery. This paper aims to review qualitative studies on the experience of treatment and recovery for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Key themes from the 11 studies identified the role of family, peers and professionals, family therapy, the inpatient setting, emphasis on physical versus psychological and conceptualisation of recovery. Future studies would benefit from relating their findings to adolescent theory and considering reflexivity. Implications for clinical practice are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
ONE MAN'S TALL IS ANOTHER MAN'S SMALL: HOW THE FRAMING OF PORTION SIZE INFLUENCES FOOD CHOICE
Authors: Just David R. , Wansink Brian 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTLabels such as ‘Large’ or ‘Super‐size’ are often used to describe portion sizes. How do these normative labels influence consumer choice and how much they ultimately either consume or waste? Although one might believe that firms use normative labels to impact choice behavior through loss aversion, a field experiment shows consumer's willingness to pay is inconsistent with a loss aversion explanation. Although portions were clearly visible, individuals appeared to use the labels as objective information about their size. Importantly, a second study showed these labels also led people to eat less when food was given a larger sounding name than a smaller name (double vs. regular; regular vs. half‐size). If labels are used as size information, policies governing normative names could help reduce food consumption or reduce waste. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Does an Executive Coaching Intervention Add Beyond Facilitated Multisource Feedback? Effects on Leader Self‐Ratings and Perceived Effectiveness
Authors: Nieminen Levi R. G. , Smerek Ryan , Kotrba Lindsey , Denison Daniel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMultisource ratings and feedback are now central components of many leader development programs. Research evaluating the outcomes of multisource feedback (MSF) underscores the importance of facilitation strategies that help leaders to interpret and use their feedback throughout the development process. Scholars and practitioners have recommended executive coaching as one such facilitation strategy. However, there is little empirical basis to substantiate the benefits of executive coaching beyond other less costly strategies, most notably feedback workshops with groups of leaders. This quasi‐experiment followed 469 managers from a large government agency participating in a 15‐month leader development program. Changes over time in MSF ratings of leadership behaviors and effectiveness were compared for two groups of leaders. The first group of uncoached managers participated in a feedback workshop shortly after the premeasure MSF, and the second group participated in the feedback workshop plus several sessions with an executive coach thereafter. Results indicated that managers in both groups improved similarly as rated by direct reports, peers, and supervisors, whereas only those managers who received the executive coaching improved according to self‐ratings. Specifically, the executive coaching intervention had a unique positive effect on managers' self‐rated involvement, consistency, and mission‐focused leadership behaviors. These findings are discussed in light of “psychometric” and self‐efficacy perspectives, and in relation to exploratory regression analyses linking managers' self‐ratings to others' ratings of their effectiveness at the conclusion of the program.
Individual and Contextual Inhibitors of Sexual Harassment Training Motivation
Authors: Walsh Benjamin M. , Bauerle Timothy J. , Magley Vicki J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStudies have evaluated the outcomes of sexual harassment training, but considerably less research has focused on variables that influence sexual harassment training effectiveness. To address this need, we developed and tested a model of individual and contextual inhibitors of sexual harassment training motivation to learn. Survey data collected from male and female participants across three time points were used to test the mediating role of pessimism about sexual harassment change in the relationship between sexual harassment myth endorsement and motivation to learn, as well as the moderating role of organizational tolerance for sexual harassment on the relation between sexual harassment myth endorsement and pessimism. Results were consistent with the hypotheses, and exploratory analyses also revealed unhypothesized sex differences. The strengths and limitations of the study, implications for practitioners, and directions for future research are discussed.
Response to Nieminen et al.'s Feature Article on Executive Coaching and Facilitated Multisource Feedback: Toward Better Understanding of a Growing HRD Practice
Authors: Egan Toby 
Published: June 2013

AbstractExecutive coaching is a booming, but understudied, HRD‐related practice. Given the limited number of available studies that have been deployed with rigor and systematic methods, the study by Nieminen et al. adds to our understanding of the impact of executive coaching and multisource feedback on leadership development. Explored in the context of a U.S. government agency, the study used two large groups of respondents. One group received executive coaching as part of a leadership development program and was compared to a group not receiving coaching. The study design and limitations articulated by the authors provide both interesting results and insights regarding design improvement for future studies.
Influence of red algal sulfated polysaccharides on blood coagulation and platelets activation in vitro
Authors: Sokolova Ekaterina V. , Byankina Anna O. , Kalitnik Alexandra A. , Kim Yong H. , Bogdanovich Larisa N. , Solov'eva Tamara F. , Yermak Irina M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe influence of sulfated polysaccharides (λ‐, κ‐, and κ/β‐carrageenan and porphyran) – on platelet activation was studied. Carrageenans were much weaker inhibitors of a coagulation process than heparin, while porphyran had not that effect. Results of the aPTT and PT assays suppose that carrageenans affected mostly intrinsic pathway of coagulation, while their effect on the extrinsic pathway is extremely low (λ and κ/β) or absent (κ, LMW derivative of κ‐carrageenan). λ‐Carrageenan was the most potent anticoagulant agent in TT, aPTT, PT, and anti‐factor Xa activity. This sample was also the strongest inhibitor of collagen‐induced platelet aggregation in PRP. Generally, the correlation of anticoagulant and antithrombotic action in PRP is preserved for carrageenans but not for heparin. Carrageenans and porphyran affected platelet adhesion to collagen by influencing glycoprotein VI. Low molecular weight κ‐carrageenan had a similar effect on platelet adhesion mediated with both major collagen receptors: integrin α2β1 and glycoprotein VI as native polysaccharide had. Carrageenans resulted in activation of platelets under platelet adhesion mediated by integrin αIIbβ3 with less degree than heparin. The least sulfated κ/β‐carrageenan that possessed an inhibiting effect on thrombin‐ and collagen‐induced aggregation of washed platelets and on the PT test but it had no significant effect on TT was the weakest promoter of integrin αIIbβ3 mediated platelet activation. In summary, our study showed that the polysaccharide action was complex, since it depended on its molecular mass, sulfation degree, and monosaccharide contents (3,6‐anhydrogalactose). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1431–1438, 2014.
Ground‐based total ozone column measurements and their diurnal variability
Authors: Silva Abel A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThree Brewer spectrophotometers were set up in three tropical sites of South America (in the Bolivian Altiplano and seashore and biomass burning areas of Brazil) to measure the total ozone column (TOC). Only TOC measurements with uncertainties ≤1% (1σ) were considered. Typically, the standard deviation for the diurnal sets of measurements was predominantly ≤1% for two of these sites. The average variability in TOC ranged from 6.3 Dobson units (DU) to 16.8 DU, and the largest variability reached 54.3 DU. Comparisons between ground‐based and satellite (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)) data showed good agreement with coefficients of determination ≤0.83. However, the quality of the ground‐based measurements was affected by the weather condition, especially for one of the sites. Visual observation of the sky from the ground during the measurements with one of the Brewers added to the satellite data of reflectivity and aerosol index supports that statement.
Hepatitis B and C virus infection among hemodialysis patients in yogyakarta, Indonesia: Prevalence and molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission
Authors: Rinonce Hanggoro Tri , Yano Yoshihiko , Utsumi Takako , Heriyanto Didik Setyo , Anggorowati Nungki , Widasari Dewiyani Indah , Lusida Maria Inge , Soetjipto  , Prasanto Heru , Hotta Hak , Hayashi Yoshitake 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the prevalence of hepatitis viral infection and its genotype distribution among hemodialysis patients in Indonesia are unclear. In order to investigate these issues and the possibility of nosocomial transmission, 161 hemodialysis patients and 35 staff members at one of the hemodialysis unit in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were tested for serological and virological markers of both viruses. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 18 patients (11.2%) and in two staff members (5.7%). Anti‐HCV was detected in 130 patients (80.7%) but not in any staff members. Occult HBV and HCV infection were detected in 21 (14.7%) and 4 (12.9%) patients, respectively. The overall prevalence rates of HBV and HCV infection among patients were 24.2% and 83.2%, respectively. HCV infection was independently associated with hemodialysis duration and the number of blood transfusions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 23 of 39 tested HBV strains (59%) were genotype B, 11 (28.2%) were genotype C, and 5 (12.8%) were genotype A. HCV genotype 1a was dominant (95%) among 100 tested HCV strains. Nosocomial transmission was suspected because the genotype distribution differed from that of the general population in Indonesia, and because the viral genomes of several strains were identical. These findings suggest that HBV and HCV infection is common among hemodialysis patients in Yogyakarta, and probably occurs through nosocomial infection. Implementation of strict infection‐control programs is necessary in hemodialysis units in Indonesia. J. Med. Virol. 85:1348–1361, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectrum of respiratory viruses circulating in eastern India: Prospective surveillance among patients with influenza‐like illness during 2010–2011
Authors: Roy Mukherjee Tapasi , Chanda Shampa , Mullick Satarupa , De Papiya , Dey‐Sarkar Malay , Chawla‐Sarkar Mamta 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn developing countries, viruses causing respiratory disease are a major concern of public health. During January 2010–December 2011, 2,737 patients with acute respiratory infection from the outpatient departments as well as patients admitted to hospitals were screened for different respiratory viruses. Nasal and or throat swabs were collected and transported to the laboratory where initial screening of influenza A and influenza B viruses was performed. The samples were tested further for influenza C virus, parainfluenza viruses 1–4, human rhinovirus, metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by conventional RT‐ PCR. The study revealed that the majority of the patients were under 5 years of age; both due to their higher susceptibility to respiratory infections and presentation to hospitals. Out of 2,737 patients enrolled in this study, 59% were found positive for one or more respiratory viruses. Influenza B infection was detected in 12% of patients followed by influenza A (11.7%), respiratory syncytial virus (7.1%), parainfluenza virus‐2 (6%), metapneumovirus (3%), parainfluenza virus‐3 (1%), parainfluenza virus‐4 (0.6%), parainfluenza virus‐1 (0.3%), influenza C (0.2%) and human rhinovirus (0.2%). Distinct seasonal infection was observed only for influenza A and influenza B viruses. J. Med. Virol. 85:1459–1465, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reconstruction of summer temperatures in Eastern Carpathian Mountains (Rodna Mts, Romania) back to AD 1460 from tree‐rings
Authors: Popa Ionel , Bouriaud Olivier 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTree‐ring series from a single site and a single species were used as proxies to reconstruct past summer temperatures over 550 years in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains. The chronology was built using standard procedures in order to provide comparable information about this under‐sampled region while preserving the low‐frequency signals. The studied site offered abundant samples of both living trees and dead wood, which were carefully selected in order to minimize heterogeneity sources owing to a reduced availability of suitable material as e.g. in the Alps. The ring‐width chronology spanned over 550 years with satisfying replication and showed an even segment length. The chronology correlated to temperature over quite a narrow window, temperatures of June and July only being significant. The reconstruction showed that the last 180 years was the warmest period with only three short episodes of anomalies. We present evidence that the summer temperatures in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains showed divergences as compared to the Alps and a clear regionality, the coolest period over the last 600 years occurring during 1720–1850.
Antisense suppression of donor splice site mutations in the dystrophin gene transcript
Authors: Fletcher Sue , Meloni Penny L. , Johnsen Russell D. , Wong Brenda L. , Muntoni Francesco , Wilton Stephen D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe describe two donor splice site mutations, affecting dystrophin exons 16 and 45 that led to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through catastrophic inactivation of the mRNA. These gene lesions unexpectedly resulted in the retention of the downstream introns, thereby increasing the length of the dystrophin mRNA by 20.2 and 36 kb, respectively. Splice‐switching antisense oligomers targeted to exon 16 excised this in‐frame exon and the following intron from the patient dystrophin transcript very efficiently in vitro, thereby restoring the reading frame and allowing synthesis of near‐normal levels of a putatively functional dystrophin isoform. In contrast, targeting splice‐switching oligomers to exon 45 in patient cells promoted only modest levels of an out‐of‐frame dystrophin transcript after transfection at high oligomer concentrations, whereas dual targeting of exons 44 and 45 or 45 and 46 resulted in more efficient exon skipping, with concomitant removal of intron 45. The splice site mutations reported here appear highly amenable to antisense oligomer intervention. We suggest that other splice site mutations may need to be evaluated for oligomer interventions on a case‐by‐case basis.
In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Truncated Forms of Flagellin (FliC) of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC)
Authors: Savar Nastaran Sadat , Sardari Soroush , Jahanian‐Najafabadi Ali , Bouzari Saeid 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEnteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important cause of acute and chronic diarrhea worldwide. It has been shown that flagellin (FliC), a major bacterial surface protein of EAEC, causes IL‐8 release from certain epithelial cell lines via activation of TLR‐5. Based on the ability of this protein to activate innate immunity, flagellin can be considered as a potent adjuvant in new vaccines and adjuvant effects of native or recombinant forms of flagellin have been demonstrated. In the current study we designed various truncated forms of FliC‐EAEC based on its interaction site with TLR‐5 and assessed the interactions via docking protocols. Then, the most appropriate truncated forms were PCR amplified, cloned in to pGEX‐5X‐1 plasmid and expressed. Finally, the expressed proteins were tested for pro‐inflammatory properties. Our in silico and in vitro results indicated that two truncated forms of FliC‐ EAEC (amino acids 79–117 and 477–508) effectively interact with TLR‐5, thus could be capable of inducing in vivo immune responses.
The prevalence and risk factors of OAB in middle‐aged and old people in China
Authors: Wen Jian G. , Li Jin S. , Wang Zhi M. , Huang Chen X. , Shang Xiao P. , Su Zhi Q. , Lu Yu T. , Suo Zhen H. , Wang Yan , Qin Gui J. , Zhang Wei X. , Heesakkers John P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the prevalence of associated risk factors of over active bladder (OAB) in people ≥40 years old in mainland of China.MethodsA randomized community‐based, cross‐sectional study was performed on 10,160 residents (≥40 years old) in the mainland of China using a questionnaire. The overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) was filled upon site. The chi‐square test was used to determine the differences of prevalence between sex, age groups, body mass index (BMI) and people with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).ResultsA total of 9,805 (96.5%) subjects qualified for the final statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of OAB was 2.1% (209/9,805), of whom 1.0% had OABdry and 1.1% had OABwet. The prevalence of OAB was more common in men than in women over the age of 60 (4.6% vs. 2.6%, P < 0.05). The prevalence of OAB in subjects with DM was significantly higher than those without DM in patients with BMI ≥ 25 (P < 0.05). The subjects with a BMI over 29 were more likely to have OAB (3.2% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn this population, the prevalence of OAB increased with age for both sexes, but was higher for males over 60 years of age. The study also showed that diabetics with BMI ≥ 25 and people suffering from obesity are more likely to have OAB. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:387–391, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.