bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Fault Tree Analysis for Signaling Systems
Authors: Georgiadis Sofia K. 
Published: June 2015

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is one of the key safety evaluation techniques used by New York City Transit (NYCT). First developed over 50 years ago, this technique continues to provide valuable insight for failure analysis of systems. Its use is widespread in safety-critical systems analysis across industry boundaries, including defense, nuclear, aerospace, chemical [1], and transportation industries. FTAs provide a systematic, top-down methodology to safety analysis. As such, it complements other safety analysis techniques, such as Failure Modes Effect Analysis (FMEA), which is a bottom-up failure analysis [2]. Formal Methods analyses, including Theorem Proving and Model Checking, are powerful development and analysis methodologies, both used by NYCT, that provide assurance of product’s correctness and safety. With these other safety analysis techniques, the FTA continues to play a key role in the NYCT Safety Program. This paper will examine how NYCT uses FTAs for the safety analysis of microprocessor-based signaling systems.
FTAs are used by NYCT throughout the system lifecycle. Initially, during the system development phase, NYCT requires system suppliers to develop Fault Tree Analyses of their systems, as a requirement for NYCT safety certification and deployment. For the system maintenance phase, NYCT uses the outputs of suppliers’ analyses to develop and enforce maintenance and operational procedures. In this manner, NYCT’s use of FTA provides full lifecycle value by providing design, maintenance, and operational insight into the causes of hazardous events. Through the examination of example fault trees and an overview of the FTA process, this paper will present the NYCT’s implementation of this powerful analysis tool, and will describe the benefits gained from using this methodology.
Energy Analysis in Deploying Wireless Sensor Networks for On-Board Real-Time Railcar Status Monitoring
Authors: Rakshit Sushanta Mohan , Hempel Michael , Shrestha Pradhumna , Rezaei Fahimeh , Sharif Hamid , Punwani John , Stewart Monique 
Published: June 2015

Wireless Sensor Networks have been a focus of research in the North American freight railroad industry to enable on-board real-time sensing of critical railcar parameters. Important railcar aspects like wheel bearing temperature, air pressure, brake failure, and the integrity of transported goods can then be monitored closely and reliably. This enables immediate preventive actions in case of impending failures and also enables trend analysis that can be used to fine-tune maintenance efforts on railcars. These measures increase the safety, efficiency, and dependability of freight railroad operations.
In our previous work [1–3] we have presented our Hybrid Technology Networking (HTN) protocol. This protocol provides optimal network performance for railcar monitoring applications. We have also presented HTNMote, a hardware prototyping platform that implements HTN. A deployment of HTNMotes was conducted and evaluated at the TTCI facility in Pueblo, Colorado in the US. The results from our field tests confirm that this approach is an order of magnitude better in performance compared to solutions based on ZigBee alone.
In such an application, energy considerations represent a key challenge. These sensors have no readily available continuous energy source, but are expected to operate for years in harsh conditions. Energy harvesting — from vibrations, temperature differences, or solar radiation — may provide a potential solution to the energy scarcity. This also mandates that the HTNMote hardware and HTN protocol both be as energy efficient as possible.
In this paper we present detailed measurements of the energy consumed by the HTNMote in various operational situations that are encountered during their operation onboard freight railcars. We introduce an energy consumption model based on our analysis of the measurements. This model demonstrates the energy-efficiency of the HTNMote implementation.
Optimizing the Power Flows in a Railway Power Supply System Fed by Rotary Converters
Authors: Abrahamsson Lars , Östlund Stefan 
Published: June 2015

This study focuses on optimizing the operation of rotary railway-feeding converters. Since a large share of rotary converters can be expected to be in operation for decades to come in the railway power supply systems (RPSSs), it is important to make their operation as efficient as possible. The existing rotary converters may have unused capabilities particularly in load sharing, but also to some extent in reactive power compensation.
Load-sharing improvement can be done in two steps; (1) coarsely by unit commitment within a converter station, (2) fine-tuned by controlling the terminal voltage of the converter station on the railway-side. The proposed optimization models minimize RPSS losses, including losses in the converters. The models are implemented and solved in the GAMS environment.
The case studies are applied on Sweden-inspired RPSS designs and configurations, and the train load situations are varied. Ideas and experiences regarding improved computational efficiency for solving the problems are discussed.
Compactness properties for geometric fourth order elliptic equations with application to the Q-curvature flow
Authors: Fardoun Ali , Regbaoui Rachid 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We prove the compactness of solutions of general fourth order elliptic equations which are

L
1

L^{1}

-perturbations of the Q-curvature equation on compact Riemannian 4-manifolds. Consequently, we prove the global existence and convergence of the Q-curvature flow on a generic class of Riemannian 4-manifolds. As a by-product, we give a positive answer to an open question by A. Malchiodi
[J. reine angew. Math. 594 (2006), 137–174] on the existence of bounded Palais–Smale sequences for the Q-curvature problem when the Paneitz operator is positive with trivial kernel.
The Role of Information and Female Vegetable Farmers in Calabar Municipal Council Area, Nigeria
Authors: Inyang Obia Gopeh 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study was aimed at showing the impact of information on female vegetable farmers (discussed as a form of entrepreneurship) in one local government area in Nigeria. A questionnaire was used in collecting data for the study. A total of 210 questionnaires were administered. Of these, 193 useable copies were retrieved (91.9%) and used for analysis. Simple percentage and pie charts were used to analyse the data. The results showed that vegetable farmers mostly used information from agricultural extension officers to request for loans. This information was very minimal as the study did not show its impact to have had any increase in productivity. Information for choice of planting materials, fertilizer application as well as storage and marketing of products were gotten from fellow growers. The study agreed with previous studies that information is really powerful and enhances decision-making regardless of the group of people involved. Although this group seems to have been neglected, they still pulled their weight, striving in their little efforts to move on. The study recommends that government and other stakeholders should encourage this group with adequate information for better economic sustainability and development to benefit from the under-utilized services available to them. The study also recommends that government should use extension officers to organize these female vegetable farmers into cooperative groups to enable them have easy access to loan facilities as an encouragement to boost their acts of entrepreneurship.
The Effect of Information Quality and Satisfaction on a Parent’s Behavioral Intention to Use a Learning Community Management System
Authors: Demissie Dawit , Rorissa Abebe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWeb-based Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications offer benefits in managing interactions between stakeholders. As a result, schools are increasingly adopting them. Consequently, a holistic picture of the factors that contribute to ICT adoption and use in such settings is needed. Since
Fall Detector Using Discrete Wavelet Decomposition And SVM Classifier
Authors: Wójtowicz Bartłomiej , Dobrowolski Andrzej , Tomczykiewicz Kazimierz 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the design process and the results of a novel fall detector designed and constructed at the Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology. High sensitivity and low false alarm rates were achieved by using four independent sensors of varying physical quantities and sophisticated methods of signal processing and data mining. The manuscript discusses the study background, hardware development, alternative algorithms used for the sensor data processing and fusion for identification of the most efficient solution and the final results from testing the Android application on smartphone. The test was performed in four 6-h sessions (two sessions with female participants at the age of 28 years, one session with male participants aged 28 years and one involving a man at the age of 49 years) and showed correct detection of all 40 simulated falls with only three false alarms. Our results confirmed the sensitivity of the proposed algorithm to be 100% with a nominal false alarm rate (one false alarm per 8 h).
Zur Bestimmung von Spurengehalten an 232Th in Gesteinen und Mineralien durch Neutronenaktivierung
Authors: Stärk H. , Turkowsky C. 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Es wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es erlaubt, Spurengehalte an 232Th in geologischem Material bis zu 0,1 ppm pro 100 mg Substanz mit einer Genauigkeit von ± 3% zu bestimmen. Zur Analyse wird das Radionuklid 233Th (22,4 min) verwendet. Die Proben werden hinter Cadmium bestrahlt. Nach Aufschluß des Gesteins wird das 233Th nach mehreren Ionenaustauscherschritten mit hoher Reinheit radiochemisch abgetrennt und 50 bis 60 Minuten nach Bestrahlungsende über eine Beta-Messung ausgewertet.
Distribution of Radioactive Selenium between the Modifications of Selenium in Neutron-Irradiated Red Crystalline Selenium
Authors: Cífka J. 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Red crystalline selenium was irradiated with neutrons and the distribution of radioactive selenium between the red and grey allotropic modifications was investigated. Approximately 2 per cent of activity was stabilized in the grey modification with an enrichment of about ten, which decreased during thermal annealing.
SAXS and in-situ SAXS to follow the structural evolution in hybrid materials
Authors: Pabisch Silvia , Rennhofer Harald , Hüsing Nicola , Peterlik Herwig 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper focuses on the evolution of oriented nanostructures: An orientation in real space leads to scattering intensities with a preferred orientation with respect to the azimuthal angle in reciprocal space. Thus, the macroscopic orientation of nanostructures can be obtained from SAXS patterns. The additional advantage of in-situ SAXS is that one can directly follow the development of orientated nanostructures during thermal treatment, under extreme conditions or during processing. This is shown in the following for an orientational change of pores in two very different systems, the first being the formation of pores within carbon fibers during loading at high temperatures up to 2000 °C and the second is the development of macroscopically aligned pores in mesostructured silica in the sol-gel process during shear.
Acquis et défis de la mesure statistique des niveaux de littératie des immigrants de tierce langue maternelle
Authors: Corbeil Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2015

À l’heure où l’immigration est devenue la principale source de croissance de la population active au Canada et qu’environ 80% des nouveaux immigrants n’ont ni le français ni l’anglais comme langue maternelle, il est nécessaire de comprendre les acquis, les enjeux et les défis de la mesure des compétences linguistiques de ces immigrants dans les grandes enquêtes que mène le Canada sur la littératie des adultes. De plus, l’apprentissage de l’une ou l’autre des langues officielles du pays est perçu par les immigrants comme l’un des principaux obstacles à leur intégration sociale et économique. Le présent article aborde les principaux éléments qui justifient qu’on se penche sur l’insertion de tests linguistiques objectifs automatisés dans les grandes enquêtes nationales. Une telle démarche vise à permettre de comprendre le rôle que joue le niveau des compétences linguistiques comme facteur déterminant des performances des immigrants de tierce langue maternelle dans les grandes enquêtes sur la littératie des adultes et, par conséquent, sur leur insertion réussie au marché du travail.Mots-clés : enquêtes statistiques, Statistique Canada, littératie des adultes, immigration, langues secondesERRATUMVeuillez noter qu’une erreur s’est glissée dans le tableau 1 page 35 de l’article de Jean-Pierre Corbeil, qui suit cet erratum. Il fallait lire : TAB. 1Pourcentage des adultes détenant un diplôme ou grade universitaire selon qu’ils se situent au niveau 1 ou au niveau 4/5 sur l’échelle des textes suivis et selon leur statut d’immigrant, personnes de 16 ans ou plusNiveau 1 Niveau 4/5Immigrants établis (plus de 10 ans au pays) 14 - 21Immigrants récents (10 ans ou moins au pays) 18 - 11Personnes nées au pays 2 - 37
Anti-diabetic analysis and insulin expression study of a wild leafy vegetable <i>Acalypha alnifolia</i> Klein ex wild. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Revathi Ponnusamy , Parimelazhagan Thangaraj 
Published: June 2015

<p>Assessing the antidiabetic potential of <em>Acalypha alnifolia</em> is the main objective of the present study. Two doses of leaf extracts were treated with streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 21 days. The glucose level, insulin level, plasma lipids, total protein, electrolytes and plasma enzymes were monitored. The acetone extract of 400 mg/kg had potentiated to diminish the glucose and lipid level as well as other diabetic complications. Internal structures of pancreas were studied by histopathological sections and insulin expression was also observed by immunohistochemical study. Though the extracts having good antioxidant capability it might have to reduce the beta cell destruction or helps to repair it. The result of the toxicity analysis, histopathology and insulin expression supports the acetone extract. The present study attesting the antidiabetic properties of<em> A. alnifolia</em> hence this plant would be focused and taken for cultivation leads to add in human diet for getting therapeutic benefit. </p><p> </p>
Comparison of Pachymetry Measurements Between the Alcon Wavelight EX500 and Sonogage Corneo-Gage Plus Platforms
Authors: Soeken Timothy A. , Apsey Douglas A. , Townley James R. , Haas Roy W. , Caldwell Matthew C. 
Published: June 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare the agreement of intraoperative central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements of the Wavelight EX500 (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) that uses optical low coherence reflectometry to the Corneo-Gage Plus ultrasound pachymetry device (Sonogage, Cleveland, OH).

METHODS:
In this retrospective study, 50 eyes of 26 patients undergoing LASIK were evaluated. Following LASIK flap creation, each eye was measured by both optical low coherence reflectometry and ultrasound pachymetry immediately prior to flap lifting and then again after flap lifting.

RESULTS:

The mean CCT value before lifting the flap was 556.9 and 557.78
µ
m as measured by ultrasound pachymetry and optical low coherence reflectometry, respectively. After lifting the flap, the mean ultrasound pachymetry value was 440.96
µ
m and the mean optical low coherence reflectometry value was 441.7
µ
m. A two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test demonstrated that the ultrasound pachymetry and the optical low coherence reflectometry distribution of measurements were the same. A Shapiro–Wilk test of normality could not be rejected. Bland–Altman plots showed strong agreement. The correlation between the two tests was 0.98 before flap lifting and 0.97 after flap lifting, both with a 95% confidence interval.

CONCLUSIONS:
The pachymetry measurements by the optical low coherence reflectometry correlated with those of the ultrasound pachymetry device. The Wavelight EX500 optical low coherence reflectometry may be used in place of the ultrasound pachymetry device for measuring CCT.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(5):328–332.]
Valorisation de déchets de poisson alliés à des rejets brassicoles en vue d’obtenir un biofertilisant
Authors: Taiek Taha , Boutaleb Adia , Bahlaouan Bouchaib , El Jaafari Amal , Khrouz Hssein , Safi Amal , El Antri Saïd 
Published: June 2015

Food industry in Morocco generates continuously many organic wastes that pose both economic and environmental problem. Yet their valuation can procreate new economical source.This study seeks to enhance industrial fish waste in combination with biomass yeast rejected by the brewing industry; to create a starting mixture of nutritionally balanced its contents in basic element: the triplet nitrogen / carbon / phosphorus.Several binary mixtures are then developed with the aim of seeking the optimal formula. The compositions were followed for two weeks at room temperature under a continuous stirring using benchtop stirrer , pH, conductivity and temperature were monitored daily. Other parameters, such as the measurement of the dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, trimethylamine and microbiological were controled in the beginning, middle and end of the study.The results show that product is mature after eight days, it is odorless, pH is stable, have good hygienic quality and it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. The tests on species of barley Hordeum vulgare and tomatoes Lycopersicon lycopersicum, show that it improves the growth properties of their cultures.
L’industrie agroalimentaire au Maroc génère continuellement de nombreux déchets organiques qui posent à la fois un problème économique et écologique. Leur valorisation peut pourtant donner naissance à une nouvelle source économique.Le présent travail consiste à valoriser les déchets industriels de poissons en les combinant avec les biomasses de levure rejetées par le secteur brassicole, afin de créer un mélange de départ nutritivement équilibré comme fertilisant, de par sa contenance en élément de base : le triplet azote/carbone/phosphore.Plusieurs mélanges binaires sont alors élaborés dans l’objectif de chercher la formule optimale. Les compositions ainsi préparées étaient suivies pendant quinze jours, à température ambiante et sous agitation continue en utilisant des agitateurs de paillasse. Le pH, la température et la conductivité étaient contrôlés chaque jour. D’autres contrôles, tels que la mesure de la matière sèche, l’azote, le phosphore, la triméthylamine ainsi que des tests microbiologiques, ont été menés en début, au milieu et à la fin de cette étude.Les résultats montrent que le produit généré est mature au bout de huit jours, il est sans odeur, son pH est stable, présentant de bonnes qualités hygiéniques et il est riche en azote et phosphore. Les tests réalisés sur des espèces d’orge Hordeum vulgare et de tomates Lycopersicon lycopersicum, montrent qu’il permet d’améliorer les propriétés de croissance de leurs cultures.
Det monitorerede mig – empowerment eller patologisering?
Authors: Kappelgaard Lisbeth 
Published: June 2015

Healthcare apps er blevet en omfattende industri. Vi kan ganske gratis downloade tusindvis af apps, som sætter os i stand til at monitorere alt fra vores fysiske form til vores mentale velbefindende, og vi kan gennem denne monitorering, producere endeløse datamængder og viden om os selv og vores liv – altså skabe et «monitoreret mig». Men hvordan forholder vi os til denne mulighed? I nærværende artikel tages udgangspunkt i foreløbige resultater fra et igangværende ph.d. projekt, hvor brugen af apps og biofeedback anvendes i praksis, til at belyse en stigende stressproblematik blandt lærere i den danske folkeskole. Artiklens ærinde er, at tematisere de normer og fortolkningsrammer, som kommer til syne, når aktørerne selv italesætter sit «monitorerede mig» og hernæst diskutere, i hvilken position, disse normer og tolkninger af teknologien i anvendelse, bringer aktøren. Er «det monitorerede mig» en mulighed for frisættende autonomi – en empowerment? Eller bidrager monitoreringen i stedet til individualisering eller patologisering, hvor vi gennem ejerskabet af vores egen fortælling, producerer et overansvar for eksempelvis hvilken behandling vi skal modtage, eller hvordan vores arbejdsmiljø bør være?Nøgleord: Etik, humanistisk sundhedsforskning, selvmonitorering, Ecological Momentary StorytellingEnglish summary: The Monitored Me - empowerment or pathologization?Healthcare apps have become a major industry. We can freely download thousands of apps, that enable us to monitor everything, from our physical condition to our mental well-being, and we can through the monitoring produce endless amounts of data and knowledge about our inner selves and our lives - creating a “monitored me”. But how is this technological possibility dealt with, in practice? The present article presents and discusses results from a case study in which apps and biofeedback were used to illuminate an increasing stress problem among teachers in the Danish preliminary school system. The focus of the article is to analyze the self-interpretation framework that appears when the users of the technology articulate the "monitored me” and hereafter discuss how these self-interpretations position the user. Is “the monitored me” an opportunity for liberating autonomy – for empowerment? Or does it contribute to individualization or pathologization?
Multidecadal trends of oxygen and their controlling factors in the western North Pacific
Authors: Sasano Daisuke , Takatani Yusuke , Kosugi Naohiro , Nakano Toshiya , Midorikawa Takashi , Ishii Masao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe rate of change of dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations was analyzed over 1987–2011 for the high‐frequency repeat section along 165°E in the western North Pacific. Significant trends toward decreasing O2 were detected in the northern subtropical to subtropical‐subarctic transition zones over a broad range of isopycnal horizons. On 25.3σθ between 25°N and 30°N in North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water, the rate of O2 decrease reached −0.45 ± 0.16 µmol kg−1 yr−1. It is largely attributed to a deepening of isopycnal horizons and to a reduction in oxygen solubility associated with ocean warming. In North Pacific Intermediate Water, the rate of O2 decrease was elevated (−0.44 ± 0.14 µmol kg−1 yr−1 on 26.8σθ) and was associated with net increases in apparent oxygen utilization in the source waters. On 27.3σθ in the subtropical Oxygen Minimum Layer (OML) between 32.5°N and 35°N, the rate of O2 decrease was significant (−0.22 ± 0.05 µmol kg−1 yr−1). It was likely due to the increases in westward transport of low‐oxygen water. These various drivers controlling changes in O2 along the 165°E section are the same as those acting along 137°E (analyzed previously) and also account for the differences in the rate of O2 decrease between these sections. Additionally, in the tropical OML near 26.8σθ between 5°N and 10°N, significant trends toward increasing O2 were detected in both sections (+0.36 ± 0.04 µmol kg−1 yr−1 in the 165°E section). These results demonstrate that warming and circulation changes are causing multidecadal changes in dissolved O2 over wide expanses of the western North Pacific.