bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An In Vivo Evaluation of Fit of Zirconium‐Oxide Based Ceramic Single Crowns, Generated with Two CAD/CAM Systems, in Comparison to Metal Ceramic Single Crowns
Authors: Biscaro Leonello , Bonfiglioli Roberto , Soattin Massimo , Vigolo Paolo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to assess in vivo the marginal fit of single crowns produced using two CAD/CAM all‐ceramic systems, in comparison to more traditional metal ceramic crowns.Materials and Methods: Thirty vital, caries‐free, and previously untreated teeth were chosen in five patients who needed extraction for implant placement and therefore were included in this study. In the control group (C), 10 regular metal ceramic crowns with porcelain occlusal surfaces were fabricated. In the other two groups (Z and E), CAD/CAM technology was used for the fabrication of 20 zirconium‐oxide‐based ceramic single crowns with two systems. All zirconia crowns were cemented with glass‐ionomer cement, always following the manufacturer's instructions. The same dentist carried out all clinical phases. The teeth were extracted 1 month later. Marginal gaps along vertical planes were measured for each crown, using a total of four landmarks for each tooth by means of a microscope at a magnification of 50×. On completion of microscopic evaluation, representative specimens from each group were prepared for ESEM evaluation. Mean and standard deviations of the four landmarks (mesial, distal, buccal, palatal) at each single crown were calculated for each group. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to determine whether the four landmarks, taken into consideration together, differed between groups. Two‐way ANOVA was performed to study in detail, for each landmark, how the three systems used to produce the FPDs affected the gap measurements. Differences were considered to be significant at p < 0.05.Results: MANOVA revealed no quantitative differences of the four landmarks, when taken into consideration together, between the three groups (p < 0.0001). Two‐way ANOVA, performed at each landmark, revealed no quantitative differences between the three groups (p < 0.0001 for each landmark).Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the two zirconium‐oxide‐based ceramic CAD/CAM systems demonstrated a similar and acceptable marginal fit when compared to more traditional metal ceramic crowns.
Comparison of Mandibular Bone Mineral Densities in Dentate and Edentulous Patients
Authors: Buyukkaplan U. Sebnem , Tonguc Mine Ozturk , Guldag M. Ustun , Yildiz Mustafa , Gumus Burcin Askim 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: In contemporary implant dentistry, bone mineral density (BMD) of the jaws is a patient‐associated prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular body BMD of dentate and edentulous patients using the dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique.Materials and Methods: A total of 39 patients, 20 dentate and 19 edentulous, were included in this cross‐sectional study. Mandibular body BMD was measured using the DXA technique. The variables were normally distributed; thus, the independent samples t‐test was used for the determination of statistical significance between the dentate and edentulous groups (age, body mass index [BMI], DXA). Chi‐square test was performed for identification of the gender differences between the groups. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between age, BMI, and mandibular body BMD. Note that p < 0.01 was accepted as the significance level.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the dentate and edentulous groups in matching variables (age, BMI, and gender) (p > 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference regarding the mandibular body BMD in the dentate and edentulous group (p < 0.01) controlling for age, gender, and BMI. The edentulous group patients had higher mandibular body BMD values (1.27 ± 0.31 g/cm2) than those in the dentate group (0.94 ± 0.22 g/cm2).Conclusion: Comparison of the mandibular body BMD revealed that dentate patients had less dense bone than the edentulous patients. Further investigations are needed to determine the BMD of the jaws in different regions and for different systemic conditions.
Nasoalveolar Molding with Active Columellar Lengthening in Severe Bilateral Cleft Lip/Palate: A Clinical Report
Authors: Patil Pravinkumar G. , Patil Smita P. , Sarin Soumil 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSevere bilateral cleft‐lip/palate patients are difficult to manage even if nasoalveolar molding therapy is advocated before surgical repair. A 5‐day‐old male infant with bilateral cleft‐lip‐palate was managed with the nasoalveolar molding technique. Periodic adjustments of the appliance were continued every week to mold the nasoalveolar complex into the desired shape for the 5 months of infancy. The cleft width of 12 mm on the right and 14 mm on the left side was completely reduced, and the absent columella was lengthened to 6 mm with the active molding appliance. The horizontal bar of the nasal stent of the appliance was modified by adding an additional 1 mm layer of resilient liner on the tissue surface to achieve rapid columellar lengthening. In severe bilateral cleft‐lip/palate cases, simple modifications in the appliance can achieve rapid results.
The Efficacy of Gabapentin versus Stabilization Splint in Management of Sleep Bruxism
Authors: Sadat Madani Azam , Abdollahian Ebrahim , Azangoo Khiavi Hasan , Radvar Mehrdad , Foroughipour Mohsen , Asadpour Hadi , Hasanzadeh Nadia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to determine if the use of gabapentin is more efficacious than a stabilization splint with regard to the intensity of masseter muscle contractions and/or sleep quality for patients experiencing sleep bruxism (SB).Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with SB participated in this clinical study. They were randomly divided into two treatment groups: stabilization splint group (n = 10) and gabapentin group (n = 10). The first polysomnographic examination was performed before the beginning of the experiment for all the participants. At the end of a 2‐month period of stabilization splint therapy or gabapentin usage, a second polysomnographic recording was made.Results: Statistically significant reductions in the number of SB episodes per hour and per night, bruxism time index, total duration of SB episodes per night and number of SB episodes in stages NR I and NR II (p < 0.05) were observed in both groups after treatment. Both treatments significantly reduced the mean intensity of masseter muscle contractions during SB episodes. Moreover, the participants treated with gabapentin showed a significant improvement in total sleep time, slow wave sleep (stage III), and sleep efficiency (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Gabapentin could be an effective treatment modality in SBs, especially in those with poor sleep quality.
Sudden Cardiac Death in Brazil: Study Based on Physicians’ Perceptions of the Public Health Care System
Authors: MARTINELLI MARTINO , SIQUEIRA SÉRGIO F. DE , ZIMERMAN LEANDRO I. , NETO VICENTE Á. , MORAES ANTÔNIO V. , FENELON GUILHERME 
Published: September 2012

Background: There are no available statistical data about sudden cardiac death in Brazil. Therefore, this study has been conducted to evaluate the incidence of sudden cardiac death in our population and its implications.
Methods: The research methodology was based on Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment, whose premise is that the more an A stimulus differs from a B stimulus, the greater will be the number of people who will perceive this difference. This technique allows an estimation of actual occurrences from subjective perceptions, when compared to official statistics. Data were collected through telephone interviews conducted with Primary and Secondary Care physicians of the Public Health Service in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP).
Results: In the period from October 19, 2009, to October 28, 2009, 196 interviews were conducted. The incidence of 21,270 cases of sudden cardiac death per year was estimated by linear regression analysis of the physicians’ responses and data from the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, with the following correlation and determination coefficients: r = 0.98 and r2= 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.8–1.0, P < 0.05). The lack of waiting list for specialized care and socioadministrative problems were considered the main barriers to tertiary care access.
Conclusions: The incidence of sudden cardiac death in the MASP is high, and it was estimated as being higher than all other causes of deaths; the extrapolation technique based on the physicians’ perceptions was validated; and the most important bureaucratic barriers to patient referral to tertiary care have been identified. (PACE 2012; 35:1326–1331)
Shock Anxiety among Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Recipients with Recent Tachyarrhythmia
Authors: MORKEN INGVILD M. , ISAKSEN KJETIL , KARLSEN BJØRG , NOREKVÅL TONE M. , BRU EDVIN , LARSEN ALF INGE 
Published: September 2012

Background: Shock anxiety has been documented irrespective of shock exposure in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients. The presence of tachyarrhythmia may lead to an anticipation of receiving a shock and thereby give rise to shock anxiety. The aims were to assess: (1) the level of shock anxiety in a sample of ICD recipients, (2) the relationship between such anxiety and shock exposure, and (3) the relationship between recent tachyarrhythmia and shock anxiety.
Methods: ICD recipients (n = 167) completed the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale measure of shock anxiety. The recipients were divided into three groups: (1) Recipients with no documented tachyarrhythmia over the previous 12 months (n = 56), (2) recipients with documented tachyarrhythmia over the previous twelve months (n = 54), and (3) recipients with any history of shocks (n = 57).
Results: Of the recipients, 44% experienced some form of shock anxiety, whereas 15% reported general shock anxiety. Analyses of covariance revealed that recipients with recent tachyarrhythmia (F = 7.675 df = 9/100, P = 0.007) as well as recipients with a shock history (F = 9.976, df = 9/103, P = 0.002) reported higher levels of shock anxiety than recipients with no recent tachyarrhythmia.
Conclusion: This study indicates that although a substantial proportion of the ICD recipients experienced some form of shock anxiety, only a relatively small proportion reported general shock anxiety. ICD recipients with recent tachyarrhythmia, in addition to recipients with shock history, appear to be at greater risk for development of shock anxiety. This implies that these recipients may profit from clinical‐based strategies and interventions targeting shock anxiety (PACE 2012; 35:1369–1376)
Thermogenic Supplement Use Does Not Alter Characteristics of Sudden Death in the Young
Authors: APPEL DAVID A. , MCNEAR JENNIFER A. , SHRY ERIC A. , GENTLESK PHILIP J. , REICH STEPHEN S. , ECKART ROBERT E. ,   for the Department of Defense Cardiovascular Death Registry Group
Published: September 2012

Background: To evaluate supplement use, most notably ephedra, which has been temporally associated with sudden death. Animal models suggest increased myocardial irritability may predispose to primary arrhythmic death.
Methods: Clinical, pathological, and investigative records from the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner's Cardiovascular Death Registry were reviewed. Forty‐eight cases of those with known supplement use were compared to 144 age‐, gender‐, and socioeconomic‐matched controls in a 1:3 case:control manner.
Results: Of the 48 sudden deaths temporally associated with supplement use, the mean age was 34.2 ± 10.0 years and predominantly male (n = 44, 91.7%). The underlying cause of death was fatal atherosclerotic coronary disease in 18 (37.5%), sudden unexplained death in 16 (33.3%), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in six (12.5%). Compared with controls, there were no statistically significant differences in adjudicated cause of death. On autopsy, there were no differences in cardiac mass, ventricular wall thickness, or presence of atherosclerosis in those known to be taking identified supplements compared to a control population. In the subject ≥35 years, and known to be taking supplements, there was a significant increase in causality of death as due to sudden unexplained death (relative risk = 5.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.4–18.7]).
Conclusions: Active surveillance of mortality in an autopsy‐derived series of young adults finds atherosclerotic coronary disease and idiopathic sudden death are common etiologies of death when taking supplements, but no cardiac structural or histologic mechanism to suggest different pathologic process than a matched control population. (PACE 2012; 35:1332–1337)
Children Apply Principles of Physical Ownership to Ideas
Authors: Shaw Alex , Li Vivian , Olson Kristina R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAdults apply ownership not only to objects but also to ideas. But do people come to apply principles of ownership to ideas because of being taught about intellectual property and copyrights? Here, we investigate whether children apply rules from physical property ownership to ideas. Studies 1a and 1b show that children (6–8 years old) determine ownership of both objects and ideas based on who first establishes possession of the object or idea. Study 2 shows that children use another principle of object ownership, control of permission—an ability to restrict others’ access to the entity in question—to determine idea ownership. In Study 3, we replicate these findings with different idea types. In Study 4, we determine that children will not apply ownership to every entity, demonstrating that they do not apply ownership to a common word. Taken together, these results suggest that, like adults, children as young as 6 years old apply rules from ownership not only to objects but to ideas as well.
Infection of human pericytes by HIV‐1 disrupts the integrity of the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Nakagawa Shinsuke , Castro Victor , Toborek Michal 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) affects cross‐talk between the individual cell types of the neurovascular unit, which then contributes to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the development of neurological dysfunctions. Although the toxicity of HIV‐1 on neurons, astrocytes and brain endothelial cells has been widely studied, there are no reports addressing the influence of HIV‐1 on pericytes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not pericytes can be infected with HIV‐1 and how such an infection affects the barrier function of brain endothelial cells. Our results indicate that human brain pericytes express the major HIV‐1 receptor CD4 and co‐receptors CXCR4 and CCR5. We also determined that HIV‐1 can replicate, although at a low level, in human brain pericytes as detected by HIV‐1 p24 ELISA. Pericytes were susceptible to infection with both the X4‐tropic NL4‐3 and R5‐tropic JR‐CSF HIV‐1 strains. Moreover, HIV‐1 infection of pericytes resulted in compromised integrity of an in vitro model of the BBB. These findings indicate that human brain pericytes can be infected with HIV‐1 and suggest that infected pericytes are involved in the progression of HIV‐1‐induced CNS damage.
Spinal cord injury causes bone loss through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ and Wnt signalling
Authors: Yan Jun , Li Bo , Chen Jiang‐Wei , Jiang Sheng‐Dan , Jiang Lei‐Sheng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt has long been recognized that spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a loss of bone mineral. However, the mechanisms of bone loss after SCI remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SCI causes a shift in skeletal balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis. Eighty male Sprague‐Dawley rats at 6 weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups: sham‐operated (SHAM) group and SCI group. The rats were killed after 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months, and their femora, tibiae and humeri were collected for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) culture, bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, RNA analysis and Western Blot analysis. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of MSCs from SCI rats and SHAM rats was evaluated. We found increased marrow adiposity in sublesional tibiae of SCI rats. SCI caused increased peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) expression and diminished Wnt signalling in sublesional tibiae. Interestingly, in MSCs from SCI rats treated with the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662, the ratios of RANKL to OPG expression were significantly decreased. On the contrary, in MSCs from SCI rats treated with the PPARγ ligand troglitazone, the ratios of RANKL to OPG expression in SCI rats were significantly increased. High expression of PPARγ may lead to increased bone resorption through the RANKL/OPG axis after SCI. In addition, high expression also results in the suppression of osteogenesis and enhancement of adipogenesis in SCI rats. SCI causes a shift in skeletal balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis, thus leading to bone loss after SCI.
Expression profile of telomere‐associated genes in multiple myeloma
Authors: de la Guardia Rafael Díaz , Catalina Purificación , Panero Julieta , Elosua Carolina , Pulgarin Andrés , López María Belén , Ayllón Verónica , Ligero Gertrudis , Slavutsky Irma , Leone Paola E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo further contribute to the understanding of multiple myeloma, we have focused our research interests on the mechanisms by which tumour plasma cells have a higher survival rate than normal plasma cells. In this article, we study the expression profile of genes involved in the regulation and protection of telomere length, telomerase activity and apoptosis in samples from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smouldering multiple myeloma, multiple myeloma (MM) and plasma cell leukaemia (PCL), as well as several human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs). Using conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies, we identified a high number of telomeric associations (TAs). Moreover, telomere length measurements by terminal restriction fragment (TRF) assay showed a shorter mean TRF peak value, with a consistent correlation with the number of TAs. Using gene expression arrays and quantitative PCR we identified the hTERT gene together with 16 other genes directly involved in telomere length maintenance: HSPA9, KRAS, RB1, members of the Small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins family, A/B subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and 14‐3‐3 family. The expression levels of these genes were even higher than those in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which have unlimited proliferation capacity. In conclusion, the gene signature suggests that MM tumour cells are able to maintain stable short telomere lengths without exceeding the short critical length, allowing cell divisions to continue. We propose that this could be a mechanism contributing to MM tumour cells expansion in the bone marrow (BM).
Discovering online learning barriers: survey of health educational stakeholders in dentistry
Authors: Schönwetter D. , Reynolds P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesGiven the exponential explosion of online learning tools and the challenge to harness their influence in dental education, there is a need to determine the current status of online learning tools being adopted at dental schools, the barriers that thwart the potential of adopting these and to capture this information from each of the various stakeholders involved in dental online learning (administrators, instructors, students and software/hardware technicians). The aims of this exploratory study are threefold: first, to understand which online learning tools are currently being adopted at dental schools; second, to determine the barriers in adopting online learning in dental education; and third, to identify a way of better preparing stakeholders in their quest to encourage others at their institutions to adopt online learning tools.MethodsSeventy‐two participants representing eight countries and 13 stakeholder groups in dentistry were invited to complete the online Survey of Barriers in Online Learning Education in Health Professional Schools. The survey was created for this study but generic to all healthcare education domains. Twenty participants completed the survey.Resultsdemonstrated that many online learning tools are being successfully adopted at dental schools, but computer‐based assessment tools are the least successful. Added to this are challenges of support and resources for online learning tools. Participants offered suggestions of creating a blended (online and face‐to‐face) tutorial aimed at assisting stakeholders to help their dental schools in adopting online learning toolsConclusionThe information from this study is essential in helping us to better prepare the next generation of dental providers in terms of adopting online learning tools. This paper will not only provide strategies of how best to proceed, but also inspire participants with the necessary tools to move forward as they assist their clients with adopting and sustaining online learning tools and models.
New Directions in Dipterocarp Biology and Conservation: A Synthesis
Authors: Kettle Chris J. , Maycock Colin R. , Burslem David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Dipterocarpaceae is an ecologically and economically important tree family in Southeast Asia. In this article, we synthesize the contributions to our understanding of the population genetics, ecology, and conservation of the family presented in this Special Section, and discuss their implications for mechanisms of dipterocarp species coexistence in natural and disturbed forests. We highlight the need for research to address how the processes that give rise to dipterocarp diversity are maintained in landscapes modified by anthropogenic activity.
Transcriptional Regulation of Plant Secondary MetabolismF
Authors: Yang Chang‐Qing , Fang Xin , Wu Xiu‐Ming , Mao Ying‐Bo , Wang Ling‐Jian , Chen Xiao‐Ya 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlant secondary metabolites play critical roles in plant‐environment interactions. They are synthesized in different organs or tissues at particular developmental stages, and in response to various environmental stimuli, both biotic and abiotic. Accordingly, corresponding genes are regulated at the transcriptional level by multiple transcription factors. Several families of transcription factors have been identified to participate in controlling the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. These regulators integrate internal (often developmental) and external signals, bind to corresponding cis‐elements — which are often in the promoter regions — to activate or repress the expression of enzyme‐coding genes, and some of them interact with other transcription factors to form a complex. In this review, we summarize recent research in these areas, with an emphasis on newly‐identified transcription factors and their functions in metabolism regulation.
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[ Xiao‐Ya Chen (Corresponding author)]