bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HVPE homoepitaxy on freestanding AlN substrate with trench pattern
Authors: Watanabe Yoshinobu , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa , Iwasaki Yosuke , Nagata Shunro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractConditions on chemical surface treatment and thermal treatment of sublimation‐freestanding AlN substrates were investigated to remove damage layers on surfaces for high‐quality and crack‐free AlN films grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (HVPE). By wet etching, the residue on the surface was removed and the polishing scratches were reduced. Atomic steps were formed on the surface by the subsequent thermal treatment at 1450 °C for 10 min, and surface layer of 220 nm in thickness was removed, Homoepitaxial growth on freestanding AlN substrate with trench pattern was also performed. A crack‐free AlN film with atomic steps was obtained on the trench‐patterned bulk AlN substrate, and the emission at the band edge near 206.9 nm was dominant. The wavelength of luminescence from cross‐sectional and surface of the HVPE‐AlN layer was maintained. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vertebrate spinal commissural neurons: a model system for studying axon guidance beyond the midline
Authors: Martinez Edward , Tran Tracy S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFor bilaterally symmetric organisms, the transfer of information between the left and right side of the nervous system is mediated by commissures formed by neurons that project their axons across the body midline to the contralateral side of the central nervous system (CNS). After crossing the midline, many of these axons must travel long distances to reach their targets, including those that extend from spinal commissural neurons. Owing to the highly stereotyped trajectories of spinal commissural neurons that can be divided into several segments as these axons project to their targets, it is an ideal system for investigators to ask fundamental questions related to mechanisms of short‐ and long‐range axon guidance, fasciculation, and choice point decisions at the midline intermediate target. In addition, studies of patterning genes of the nervous system have revealed complex transcription factor codes that function in a combinatorial fashion to specify individual classes of spinal neurons including commissural neurons. Despite these advances and the functional importance of spinal commissural neurons in mediating the transfer of external sensory information from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the CNS, only a handful of studies have begun to elucidate the mechanistic logic underlying their long‐range pathfinding and the characterization of their synaptic targets. Using in vitro assays, in vivo labeling methodologies, in combination with both loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments, several studies have revealed that the molecular mechanisms of long‐range spinal commissural axon pathfinding involve an interplay between classical axon guidance cues, morphogens and cell adhesion molecules. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:283–297. doi: 10.1002/wdev.173This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Gradients
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
New Molecular Aluminum Chloride Amides [Cl2AlNEt2]2 and [HClAlNEt2]2 and their Boranate Analogues [(BH4)2AlNEt2]2 and [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2
Authors: Walgenbach Andreas , Veith Michael , Huch Volker , Kohlmann Holger 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNew molecular aluminium chloride amides [Cl2AlNEt2]2 and [HClAlNEt2]2 were prepared by salt‐elimination reactions from lithium diethylamide and aluminium hydride dichloride diethyl‐etherate or aluminium chloride, respectively. With LiBH4 in n‐hexane they form the new boranates [(BH4)2AlNEt2]2 and [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2. X‐ray single crystal structure analyses reveal dimeric molecules with non‐planar four‐membered Al2N2 rings in the solid state ([Cl2AlNEt2]2 (1): Pnma, V = 1606.3(2) Å3, Z = 4; [HClAlNEt2]2 (2): Pnma, V = 1453.7(2) Å3, Z = 4; [(BH4)2AlNEt2]2 (3): C2/c, V = 1810.8(2) Å3, Z = 4; [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2 (4): Pnma, V = 1540.8(3) Å3, Z = 4). Bond lengths and angles are in the usual range for such compounds and torsion angles within the Al2N2 rings vary from 1° to 14°. The packings of the dimeric molecules in compounds 1, 2, and 4 resemble a distorted hexagonal closest packing. NMR spectra corroborate the molecular structures from the solid state. CVD experiments with [HClAlNEt2]2 (2) as a single‐source precursor yield thin aluminium layers. [H(BH4)AlNEt2]2 (4) is the first structurally characterized hydride tetrahydridoborate compound of aluminium.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of NaP7, a Phosphorus‐rich Polyphosphide
Authors: Grotz Carolin , Köpf Marianne , Baumgartner Maximilian , Jantke Laura‐Alice , Raudaschl‐Sieber Gabriele , Fässler Thomas F. , Nilges Tom 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNaP7is a phosphorus‐rich polyphosphide featuring a helical polyphosphide substructure. It can be prepared from the elements as well as via short way transport using CuI as mineralizer additive. As a potential intermediate compound during the reaction of phosphorus with sodium in sodium ion batteries, we investigated the structural and physical properties of this polyphosphide in detail. X‐ray single crystal and powder data were collected and the structure was re‐determined. Thermal properties were measured and the electronic structure was calculated using DFT methods. NaP7is a semiconductor featuring a bandgap in the visible light region.
Identification of novel genes responsible for salt tolerance by transposon mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Park Won-Kun , Yang Ji-Won , Kim Hyun-Soo 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains tolerant to salt stress are important for the production of single-cell protein using kimchi waste brine. In this study, two strains (TN-1 and TN-2) tolerant of up to 10 % (w/v) NaCl were isolated by screening a transposon-mediated mutant library. The determination of transposon insertion sites and Northern blot analysis identified two genes, MDJ1 and VPS74, and revealed disruptions of the open reading frame of both genes, indicating that salt tolerance can be conferred. Such tolerant phenotypes reverted to sensitive phenotypes on the autologous or overexpression of each gene. The two transposon mutants grew faster than the control strain when cultured at 30 °C in rich medium containing 5, 7.5 or 10 % NaCl. The genes identified in this study may provide a basis for application in developing industrial yeast strains.
Examining Hospital Patients’ Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Hospital-Acquired Infections and Their Participation in Infection Control
Authors: Seale Holly , Novytska Yuliya , Gallard Julie , Kaur Rajneesh 
Published: January 2015

It is crucial to assess patients’ understanding of and readiness to participate in infection control programs. While 80% of hospital patients reported that they were willing to help hospital staff with infection prevention, many felt that they would not feel comfortable asking a healthcare worker to sanitize his or her hands.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–3
Antibiotic Prescribing at the Transition from Hospitalization to Discharge: A Target for Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Yogo Norihiro , Haas Michelle K. , Knepper Bryan C. , Burman William J. , Mehler Philip S. , Jenkins Timothy C. 
Published: January 2015

Of 300 patients prescribed oral antibiotics at the time of hospital discharge, urinary tract infection, community-acquired pneumonia, and skin infections accounted for 181 of the treatment indications (60%). Half of the prescriptions were antibiotics with broad Gram-negative activity. Discharge prescriptions were inappropriate in 79 of 150 cases reviewed (53%).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–5
Molecular Epidemiology ofClostridium difficileInfections in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kociolek Larry K. , Patel Sameer J. , Shulman Stanford T. , Gerding Dale N. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVEThe molecular epidemiology of pediatricClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify the restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) groups causing CDI and to determine risk factors and outcomes associated with CDI caused by epidemic strains in children.DESIGNRetrospective cohort studyPATIENTSInpatients and outpatients >1 year old receiving care between December 2012 and December 2013SETTINGAn academic children’s hospital in Chicago, IllinoisMETHODSC. difficilePCR-positive stools were cultured, andC. difficileisolates were typed by REA. REA of isolates from patients with multiple CDIs was performed to differentiate relapse (infection with same strain) from reinfection (different strains) irrespective of time between CDIs.RESULTSA total of 189 CDIs occurred among 145 patients. REA groups were widely distributed. The BI/NAP1/027 strain caused CDI in only 1 patient. DH/NAP11/106, the predominant epidemic strain identified, was associated with the use of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins (risk ratio [RR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–9.9;P=.04). CDI relapse commonly occurred up to 20 weeks later. Compared with CDI caused by non-DH/NAP11/106 strains, CDI caused by DH/NAP11/106 was more likely to result in multiple CDI relapses (40% vs 8%;P=.05) among children with multiple CDIs.CONCLUSIONSREA identified the exceedingly low prevalence of BI/NAP1/027 and the high prevalence of DH/NAP11/106, a common epidemic strain in the United Kingdom that is less often reported in the United States. CDI relapse commonly occurred up to 20 weeks from the previous CDI. Defining recurrent CDI as that occurring only within 8 weeks of the original infection may lead to misclassification of some recurrent CDIs as new CDIs in children.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2015;00(0): 1–7
A Quasi-Vehicle/Bridge Interaction Model for High Speed Railways
Authors: Yau J.-D. , Frýba L. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTVehicle response is served as a reference to evaluate riding comfort of passengers and running safety of moving carriages for high speed trains. In analyzing the vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) problems, two sets of coupled equations of motion for running vehicles and bridge need to be solved and the VBI system matrices must be updated and factorized at each time step in a time-history analysis. This paper proposed a quasi-VBI model to abridge the complicated computational process, in which the bridge is subjected to only moving static forces of the train loadings, and the moving vehicle over it is excited by the corresponding feedback bridge response. To examine the interacting degree of the vehicle with the bridge, a coupling evaluation index (CEI) is defined as a quantitative assessment of the VBI system. The numerical parametric studies reveal that (1) the mass ratio of vehicle to bridge is the most sensitive parameter affecting the bridge response; (2) increasing bridge damping can reduce the coupling degree of the VBI system at high speeds; (3) the present quasi-VBI model is an efficient and simple tool to predict the vehicle's response with enough accuracy based on engineering approximation.
Identification of Characteristic Parameters for Hydrostatic Bearings
Authors: Kang Y. , Hu S.-Y. , Chang Y.-P. , Wang T.-P. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a method to identify the characteristic parameters of hydrostatic bearing. When load or supply pressure changed, the inlet and outlet pressures of restrictor, flow rate and worktable displacement are examined for establish identification equations. The practical values of the characteristic parameters can be obtained by minimizing the differences between measure flow rate and identify flow rate. The differences between practical and design values of these parameters can be used to calibrate design parameters for satisfying the requirements.
Dynamic Behaviour of Back to Back Planetary Gear in Run Up and Run
Down Transient Regimes
Authors: Hammami A. , Rincon A. Fernandez Del , Chaari F. , Rueda F. Viadero , Haddar M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe operating cycle of planetary gear transmissions is composed by the run up
regime, steady state regime with fixed speed and the run down regime. Run up and
run down are one of the main non stationary excitations for planetary gearboxes.
This paper investigates, in these two regimes, the dynamic behaviour of a
special configuration of two stages planetary gear which are mounted
back-to-back. A dynamic model is developed. The variability of speed in the run
up and run down regimes is included in the model. The computation of the dynamic
response shows that additional sidebands instability zones are generated. Using
the Short Time Fourier Transform, an amplitude-frequency modulation is observed
in the non stationary condition. An experimental study done on a back-to-back
planetary gear test rig is conducted for validation of the mathematic model.
Do Hedge Funds Reduce Idiosyncratic Risk?
Authors: Kang Namho , Kondor Péter , Sadka Ronnie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of hedge-fund trading on idiosyncratic risk. We hypothesize that while hedge-fund activity would often reduce idiosyncratic risk, high initial levels of idiosyncratic risk might be further amplified due to fund loss limits. Panel-regression analyses provide supporting evidence for this hypothesis. The results are robust to sample selection and are further corroborated by a natural experiment using the Lehman bankruptcy as an exogenous adverse shock to hedge-fund trading. Hedge-fund capital also explains the increased idiosyncratic volatility of high-idiosyncratic-volatility stocks as well as the decreased idiosyncratic volatility of low-idiosyncratic-volatility stocks over the past few decades.
Portfolio Concentration and Firm Performance
Authors: Ekholm Anders , Maury Benjamin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the relation between shareholders’ portfolio concentration and firm performance. Using data on more than 1.3 million unique shareholders, we create an index that measures how concentrated shareholder portfolios are in each firm. We posit that portfolio concentration will affect incentives when shareholders are resource constrained. We find that average shareholder portfolio concentration is positively related to future operational performance and valuation. We also find that portfolio concentration is positively correlated with abnormal stock returns. Our findings suggest that shareholders with concentrated portfolios are more informed and play a governance role through the stock market.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in ENT surgery: a survey of current practice
Authors: Nash R , Randhawa N , Saeed S R 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground:Venous thromboembolism is uncommon in ENT practice. There are no specific venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines for ENT surgery, despite the bleeding risks associated with ENT surgery and the low incidence of venous thromboembolism.Methods:An online poll of the ENT UK expert panel was conducted on the use of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.Results:A total of 132 responses were received. Of the respondents, 84.5 per cent routinely assess all of their patients for venous thromboembolism risk. In addition, 75.4 per cent use local health trust guidelines, with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence being the most common source of national guidelines. There was significant heterogeneity in the use of low molecular weight heparin. Only 53.7 per cent of respondents felt that the guidelines they currently used reflect their practice.Conclusion:There is significant heterogeneity in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. There is therefore scope for revision of the ENT UK venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines to reflect general ENT practice.
Persistence and remission of ADHD during adulthood: a 7-year clinical follow-up study
Authors: Karam R. G. , Breda V. , Picon F. A. , Rovaris D. L. , Victor M. M. , Salgado C. A. I. , Vitola E. S. , Silva K. L. , Guimarães-da-Silva P. O. , Mota N. R. , Caye A. , Belmonte-de-Abreu P. , Rohde L. A. , Grevet E. H. , Bau C. H. D. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundCourse and predictors of persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults are still largely unknown. Neurobiological and clinical differences between child and adult ADHD raise the need for follow-up studies of patients diagnosed during adulthood. This study investigates predictors of ADHD persistence and the possibility of full remission 7 years after baseline assessment.MethodA 7-year follow-up study of adults with ADHD (n = 344, mean age 34.1 years, 49.9% males) was conducted. Variables from different domains (social demographics, co-morbidities, temperament, medication status, ADHD measures) were explored with the aim of finding potential predictors of ADHD persistence.ResultsRetention rate was 66% (n = 227). Approximately a third of the sample (n = 70, 30.2%) did not maintain ADHD criteria and 28 (12.4%) presented full remission (<4 symptoms), independently of changes in co-morbidity or cognitive demand profiles. Baseline predictors of diagnostic persistence were higher number of inattention symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 8.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.54–25.45, p < 0.001], number of hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.34, p = 0.01), oppositional defiant disorder (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.20–8.11, p = 0.02), and social phobia (OR 3.59, 95% CI 1.12–11.47, p = 0.03).ConclusionsDespite the stage of brain maturation in adults suggests stability, approximately one third of the sample did not keep full DSM-IV diagnosis at follow-up, regardless if at early, middle or older adulthood. Although full remission is less common than in childhood, it should be considered as a possible outcome among adults.
Brillouin-shifted third-harmonic backscattering of laser in a magnetized plasma
Authors: Paknezhad Alireza 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThird-harmonic Brillouin backscattering (3HBBS) instability is investigated in the interaction of a picosecond extraordinary laser pulse with a homogeneous transversely magnetized underdense plasma. Nonlinear coupled equations that describe the instability are derived and solved for a weakly coupled regime to find the maximum growth rate. The nonlinearity arises through the combined effect of relativistic mass increase, static magnetic field, and ponderomotive acceleration of plasma electrons. The growth rate is found to decrease as the static magnetic field increases. It also increases by increasing both plasma density and laser intensity. It is also established that the growth rate of 3HBBS instability in a magnetized plasma is lower than that of fundamental Brillouin backscattering instability.
Prelinguistic vocalizations distinguish pointing acts
Authors: GRÜNLOH THOMAS , LISZKOWSKI ULF 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe current study investigated whether point-accompanying characteristics, like vocalizations and hand shape, differentiate infants' underlying motives of prelinguistic pointing. We elicited imperative (requestive) and declarative (expressive and informative) pointing acts in experimentally controlled situations, and analyzed accompanying characteristics. Experiment 1 revealed that prosodic characteristics of point-accompanying vocalizations distinguished requestive from both expressive and informative pointing acts, with little differences between the latter two. In addition, requestive points were more often realized with the whole hand than the index finger, while this was the opposite for expressive and informative acts. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, revealing distinct prosodic characteristics for requestive pointing also when the referent was distal and when it had an index-finger shape. Findings reveal that beyond the social context, point-accompanying vocalizations give clues to infants' underlying intentions when pointing.
Rigidity in dimension four of area-minimising Einstein manifolds
Authors: BARROS A. , CRUZ C. , BATISTA R. , SOUSA P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to prove a sharp inequality for the area of a four dimensional compact Einstein manifold (Σ,gΣ) embedded into a complete five dimensional manifold (M5,g) with positive scalar curvatureRand nonnegative Ricci curvature. Under a suitable choice, we have$area(\Sigma)^{\frac{1}{2}}\inf_{M}R \leq 8\sqrt{6}\pi$. Moreover, occurring equality we deduce that (Σ,gΣ) is isometric to a standard sphere ($\mathbb{S}$4,gcan) and in a neighbourhood of Σ, (M5,g) splits as ((-ϵ, ϵ) ×$\mathbb{S}$4,dt2+gcan) and the Riemannian covering of (M5,g) is isometric to$\Bbb{R}$×$\mathbb{S}$4.
Intrauterine insemination of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells prior to embryo transfer improves clinical outcome for patients with repeated implantation failures
Authors: Madkour Aicha , Bouamoud Nouzha , Louanjli Noureddine , Kaarouch Ismail , Copin Henri , Benkhalifa Moncef , Sefrioui Omar 
Published: January 2015

SummaryImplantation failure is a major limiting factor in assisted reproduction improvement. Dysfunction of embryo–maternal immuno-tolerance pathways may be responsible for repeated implantation failures. This fact is supported by immunotropic theory stipulating that maternal immune cells, essentially uterine CD56+natural killer cells, are determinants of implantation success. In order to test this hypothesis, we applied endometrium immuno-modulation prior to fresh embryo transfer for patients with repeated implantation failures. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from repeated implantation failure patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology cycles. On the day of ovulation induction, cells were isolated and then cultured for 3 days and transferred into the endometrium cavity prior to fresh embryo transfer. This immunotherapy was performed on 27 patients with repeated implantation failures and compared with another 27 patients who served as controls. Implantation and clinical pregnancy were increased significantly in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell test versus control (21.54, 44.44 vs. 8.62, 14.81%). This finding suggests a clear role for endometrium immuno-modulation and the inflammation process in implantation success. Our study showed the feasibility of intrauterine administration of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells as an effective therapy to improve clinical outcomes for patients with repeated implantation failures and who are undergoingin vitrofertilization cycles.
The bone morphogenetic protein system and the regulation of ovarian follicle development in mammals
Authors: Rossi Rodrigo O.D.S. , Costa José J.N. , Silva Anderson W.B. , Saraiva Márcia V.A. , Van den Hurk Robert , Silva José R.V. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family consists of several growth factor proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. BMPs bind to type I and type II serine–threonine kinase receptors, and transduce signals through the Smad signalling pathway. BMPs have been identified in mammalian ovaries, and functional studies have shown that they are involved in the regulation of oogenesis and folliculogenesis. This review summarizes the role of the BMP system during formation, growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in mammals.