bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity building and predictors of success for HIV‐1 drug resistance testing in the Asia‐Pacific region and Africa
Authors: Land Sally , Zhou Julian , Cunningham Philip , Sohn Annette H , Singtoroj Thida , Katzenstein David , Mann Marita , Sayer David , Kantor Rami 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThe TREAT Asia Quality Assessment Scheme (TAQAS) was developed as a quality assessment programme through expert education and training, for laboratories in the Asia‐Pacific and Africa that perform HIV drug‐resistance (HIVDR) genotyping. We evaluated the programme performance and factors associated with high‐quality HIVDR genotyping.MethodsLaboratories used their standard protocols to test panels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive plasma samples or electropherograms. Protocols were documented and performance was evaluated according to a newly developed scoring system,agreement withpanel‐specificconsensus sequence, anddetection of drug‐resistance mutations (DRMs) and mixtures of wild‐type and resistant virus (mixtures). High‐quality performance was defined as detection of ≥95% DRMs.ResultsOver 4.5 years, 23 participating laboratories in 13 countries tested 45 samples (30 HIV‐1 subtype B; 15 non‐B subtypes) in nine panels. Median detection of DRMs was 88–98% in plasma panels and 90–97% in electropherogram panels. Laboratories were supported to amend and improve their test outcomes as appropriate. Three laboratories that detected <80% DRMs in early panels demonstrated subsequent improvement. Sample complexity factors – number of DRMs (p<0.001) and number of DRMs as mixtures (p<0.001); and laboratory performance factors – detection of mixtures (p<0.001) and agreement with consensus sequence (p<0.001), were associated with high performance; sample format (plasma or electropherogram), subtype and genotyping protocol were not.ConclusionHigh‐quality HIVDR genotyping was achieved in the TAQAS collaborative laboratory network. Sample complexity and detection of mixtures were associated with performance quality. Laboratories conducting HIVDR genotyping are encouraged to participate in quality assessment programmes.
Mortality Disparities Among Arrestees by Race, Sentencing Disposition, and Place
Authors: Zuo George , Kilmer Beau , Nicosia Nancy 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceUnderstanding mortality disparities among justice system–involved populations is crucial for public health and policy, especially for marginalized racial groups such as American Indian/Alaska Native persons.ObjectiveTo examine racial disparities in mortality within the broader justice system–involved population in South Dakota, focusing on different sentencing dispositions and the role of place.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis observational study used administrative criminal records linked to mortality data from January 2000 to December 2016. The statewide data linked data from South Dakota Attorney General’s Office and South Dakota Department of Health. Individuals aged 18 years and older with arrests were analyzed in this population-based sample. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2022, to July 30, 2023.ExposureSentencing dispositions were categorized as arrest only, fine, probation, jail, and prison.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were mortality rates (both all-cause and cause-specific) calculated using Poisson regression models, adjusted for demographic and county variables.ResultsOf 182 472 individuals with 422 987 arrests, the study sample included 29 690 American Indian/Alaska Native arrestees (17 900 [60%] male; mean [SD] age, 29.4 [11.0] years) and 142 248 White arrestees (103 471 [73%] male; mean [SD] age, 32.6 [12.9] years). American Indian/Alaska Native persons accounted for 16% of arrestees and 26% of arrests, but only 9% of the population in South Dakota. Across dispositions, mortality risk was greater for White individuals sentenced to probation, jail, and prison relative to White individuals who were arrested only. In terms of racial disparities, all-cause mortality risk was 2.37 (95% CI, 1.95-2.88) times higher for American Indian/Alaska Native than White arrestees in the arrest-only disposition. Disparities persisted across all dispositions but narrowed substantially for probation and prison. Results were similar for cause-specific mortality risk, except for cancer risk. In urban areas, mortality risk was 2.70 (95% CI, 1.29-2.44) times greater for American Indian/Alaska Native individuals relative to White individuals among those with arrest-only dispositions.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based observational study, mortality risk and associated racial disparities among justice system–involved individuals differed substantially across dispositions and places, underscoring the need for public health interventions tailored to these factors. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which sentencing and place shape these disparities.
Giant Thermomechanical Bandgap Modulation in Quasi‐2D Tellurium
Authors: Hussain Naveed , Ahmed Shehzad , Tepe Hüseyin U. , Ullah Kaleem , Shehzad Khurram , Wu Hui , Shcherbakov Maxim R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLattice deformation via substrate‐driven mechanical straining of 2D materials can profoundly modulate their bandgap by altering the electronic band structure. However, such bandgap modulation is typically short‐lived and weak due to substrate slippage, which restores lattice symmetry and limits strain transfer. Here, it is shown that a non‐volatile thermomechanical strain induced during hot‐press synthesis results in giant modulation of the inherent bandgap in quasi‐2D tellurium nanoflakes (TeNFs). By leveraging the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) mismatch and maintaining a pressure‐enforced non‐slip condition between TeNFs and the substrate, a non‐volatile and anisotropic compressive strain is attained with ε = −4.01% along zigzag lattice orientation and average biaxial strain of −3.46%. This results in a massive permanent bandgap modulation of 2.3 eV at a rate S (ΔEg) of up to 815 meV/% (TeNF/ITO), exceeding the highest reported values by 200%. Furthermore, TeNFs display long‐term strain retention and exhibit robust band‐to‐band blue photoemission featuring an intrinsic quantum efficiency of 80%. The results show that non‐volatile thermomechanical straining is an efficient substrate‐based bandgap modulation technique scalable to other 2D semiconductors and van der Waals materials for on‐demand nano‐optoelectronic properties.
Indium‐Doping‐Induced Nanocomposites with Improved Oxygen Reaction Activity and Durability for Reversible Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cell Air Electrodes
Authors: Du Zhiwei , Xu Kang , Zhu Feng , Xu Yangsen , He Fan , Gao Hui , Gong Wenjie , Choi YongMan , Chen Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs) are very promising as energy conversion and storage devices with high efficiency at intermediate temperatures (500–700 °C). Unfortunately, the sluggish reaction kinetics on air electrodes severely hamper the commercial application of R‐PCECs. In this work, an In‐doped PrBaCo2O5+δ air electrode is developed with a designed formula of PrBaCo1.9In0.1O5+δ, which however consists of a dominated double perovskite PrBa0.95Co1.85In0.09O5+δ and a minor cubic perovskite BaCo0.85In0.15O3‐δ phase, as suggested by the XRD refinements. The formation of nanocomposites induced by the In‐doping has markedly improved the activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), due likely to the increased oxygen vacancies, enhanced the oxygen surface exchange and bulk diffusion capabilities when compared to the bare PrBaCo2O5+δ. Excellent electrochemical performances in fuel cell (FC) mode (2.25 W cm−2) and electrolysis cell (EC) mode (−4.41 A cm−2 at 1.3 V) are achieved on the single cells with such nanocomposite air electrodes at 700 °C. In addition, promising durability tests of cells in modes of FC (100 h), EC (100 h), and cycling (210 h) are demonstrated at 600 °C. This In‐doped strategy provides a novel approach to developing new air electrode materials.
Ultra‐Low Grammage Nanocellulose‐Coated Woven Fabric with Improved Aerosol Particulate Filtration Performance
Authors: Li Joanne , Tammelin Tekla , Stone Corinne , Dennis Mike , Lee Koon‐Yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping advanced textiles and fabrics that offer protection against aerosolised chemical and biological hazards is of tremendous interest and is indispensable to the safety of the military personnel. Unfortunately, the extensive protection offered by protective clothing is often accompanied by a reduction in moisture vapour permeability, which increases physiological burden on the user (i.e., transport of sweat away from the body). This study shows that an enhancement in aerosol particulate filtration of a woven textile fabric can be achieved without impeding its water vapour transmission rate through the application of an ultra‐low grammage nanocellulose coating using a simple papermaking approach. Aerosol particulate filtration is realised in the nanocellulose coating through a size‐exclusion mechanism and the filtration efficiency doubled even at a nanocellulose grammage of 0.25 g m−2. As nanocellulose is hygroscopic, water vapour transmission rate remained unchanged compared to the uncoated woven fabric, regardless of the types of nanocellulose coating applied. The work also reports the mechanical robustness of the nanocellulose network fabricated, which is typically the concern in low‐grammage nanofibrous coating.
Assessing Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Cornification Models of Artificial Skin Using Non‐Invasive Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Ahn Jaehwan , Nam Yoon Sung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReconstructed epidermal equivalents (REEs) consist of two distinct cell layers – the stratum corneum (SC) and the keratinocyte layer (KL). The interplay of these layers is particularly crucial in pruritic inflammatory disorders, like psoriasis, where a defective SC barrier is associated with immune dysregulation. However, independent evaluation of the skin barrier function of the SC and KL in REEs is highly challenging because of the lack of quantitative methodologies that do not disrupt the counter layer. Here, a non‐invasive impedance spectroscopy technique is introduced for dissecting the distinct contributions of the SC and KL to overall skin barrier function without disrupting the structure. These findings, inferred from the impedance spectra, highlight the individual barrier resistances and maturation levels of each layer. Using an equivalent circuit model, a correlation between impedance parameters and specific skin layers, offering insights beyond traditional impedance methods that address full‐thickness skin only is established. This approach successfully detects subtle changes, such as increased paracellular permeability due to mild irritants and the characterization of an immature SC in psoriatic models. This research has significant implications, paving the way for detailed mechanistic investigations and fostering the development of therapies for skin irritation and inflammatory disorders.
Hyperactivation of mTOR/eIF4E Signaling Pathway Promotes the Production of Tryptophan‐To‐Phenylalanine Substitutants in EBV‐Positive Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zheng Zi‐Qi , Zhong Cheng‐Rui , Wei Cheng‐Zhi , Chen Xiao‐Jiang , Chen Guo‐Ming , Nie Run‐Cong , Chen Ze‐Wei , Zhang Fei‐Yang , Li Yuan‐Fang , Zhou Zhi‐Wei , Chen Yong‐Ming , Liang Ye‐Lin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough messenger RNA translation is tightly regulated to preserve protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis, chronic exposure to interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in several cancers can lead to tryptophan (Trp) shortage via the indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO)‐ kynurenine pathway and therefore promotes the production of aberrant peptides by ribosomal frameshifting and tryptophan‐to‐phenylalanine (W>F) codon reassignment events (substitutants) specifically at Trp codons. However, the effect of Trp depletion on the generation of aberrant peptides by ribosomal mistranslation in gastric cancer (GC) is still obscure. Here, it is shows that the abundant infiltrating lymphocytes in EBV‐positive GC continuously secreted IFN‐γ, upregulated IDO1 expression, leading to Trp shortage and the induction of W>F substitutants. Intriguingly, the production of W>F substitutants in EBV‐positive GC is linked to antigen presentation and the activation of the mTOR/eIF4E signaling pathway. Inhibiting either the mTOR/eIF4E pathway or EIF4E expression counteracted the production and antigen presentation of W>F substitutants. Thus, the mTOR/eIF4E pathway exposed the vulnerability of gastric cancer by accelerating the production of aberrant peptides and boosting immune activation through W>F substitutant events. This work proposes that EBV‐positive GC patients with mTOR/eIF4E hyperactivation may benefit from anti‐tumor immunotherapy.
MuToN Quantifies Binding Affinity Changes upon Protein Mutations by Geometric Deep Learning
Authors: Li Pengpai , Liu Zhi‐Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAssessing changes in protein–protein binding affinity due to mutations helps understanding a wide range of crucial biological processes within cells. Despite significant efforts to create accurate computational models, predicting how mutations affect affinity remains challenging due to the complexity of the biological mechanisms involved. In the present work, a geometric deep learning framework called MuToN is introduced for quantifying protein binding affinity change upon residue mutations. The method, designed with geometric attention networks, is mechanism‐aware. It captures changes in the protein binding interfaces of mutated complexes and assesses the allosteric effects of amino acids. Experimental results highlight MuToN's superiority compared to existing methods. Additionally, MuToN's flexibility and effectiveness are illustrated by its precise predictions of binding affinity changes between SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and the ACE2 complex.
Dihydroartemisinin Modulates Enteric Glial Cell Heterogeneity to Alleviate Colitis
Authors: Qiu Peishan , Chang Ying , Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Shaoqi , Nie Haihang , Hong Yuntian , Zhang Meng , Wang Haizhou , Xiao Cong , Chen Yuhua , Liu Lan , Zhao Qiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe precise mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in alleviating colitis remains incompletely understood. A strong correlation existed between the elevation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+/S100 calcium binding protein B (S100β)+ enteric glial cells (EGCs) in inflamed colonic tissues and the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and gut vascular barrier (GVB) observed in chronic colitis. DHA demonstrated efficacy in restoring the functionality of the dual gut barrier while concurrently attenuating intestinal inflammation. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited the transformation of GFAP+ EGCs into GFAP+/S100β+ EGCs while promoting the differentiation of GFAP+/S100β+ EGCs back into GFAP+ EGCs. Furthermore, DHA induced apoptosis in GFAP+/S100β+ EGCs by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. The initial mechanism is further validated that DHA regulates EGC heterogeneity by improving dysbiosis in colitis. These findings underscore the multifaceted therapeutic potential of DHA in ameliorating colitis by improving dysbiosis, modulating EGC heterogeneity, and preserving gut barrier integrity, thus offering promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel diseases.
Enhanced Long‐Term Stability of Crystalline Nickel–Boride (Ni23B6) Electrocatalyst by Encapsulation with Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Ma Kyung Yeol , Kim Hyeongjoon , Hwang Hyuntae , Jeong Da Sol , Lee Hoon Ju , Cho Kyeongseo , Yang Jieun , Jeong Hu Young , Shin Hyeon Suk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNickel boride catalysts show great potential as low‐cost and efficient alternatives to noble‐metal catalysts in acidic media; however, synthesizing and isolating a specific phase and composition of nickel boride is nontrivial, and issues persist in their long‐term stability as electrocatalysts. Here, a single‐crystal nickel boride, Ni23B6, is reported which exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an acidic solution, and that its poor long‐term stability can be overcome via encapsulation by single‐crystal trilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) film. Interestingly, hBN‐covered Ni23B6 on a Ni substrate shows an identical overpotential of 52 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 to that of bare Ni23B6. This phenomenon indicates that the single‐crystalline hBN layer is catalytically transparent and does not obstruct HER activation. The hBN/Ni23B6/Ni has remarkable long‐term stability with negligible changes to its polarization curves for 2000 cycles, whereas the Ni23B6/Ni shows significant degradation after 650 cycles. Furthermore, chronoamperometric measurements indicate that stability is preserved for >20 h. Long‐term stability tests also reveal that the surface morphology and chemical structure of the hBN/Ni23B6/Ni electrode remain preserved. This work provides a model for the practical design of robust and durable electrochemical catalysts through the use of hBN encapsulation.
Controlling Triboelectric Charge of MOFs by Leveraging Ligands Chemistry
Authors: Noman Muhammad , Saqib Qazi Muhammad , Ameen Shahid , Patil Swapnil R. , Patil Chandrashekhar S. , Kim Jungmin , Ko Youngbin , Kim BongSoo , Bae Jinho 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), but the effects of ligand choice on triboelectric charge remain underexplored. Hence, this paper demonstrates the effect of single, binary, and ternary ligands on TENG performance of cobalt/cerium‐based (Co─Ce) bimetallic MOFs utilizing 2‐methylimidazole (2Melm), terephthalic acid (BDC), and benzene tricarboxylic acid (BTC) as ligands. The detailed structural characterization revealed that varying ligand chemistries led to distinct MOF features affecting TENG performance. Single ligand bimetallic MOFs (designated as CoCe‐2MeIm, CoCe‐BDC, CoCe‐BTC) has lower performance than binary ligand (designated as CoCe‐2MeIm‐BDC, CoCe‐2MeIm‐BTC, CoCe‐BDC‐BTC) and ternary ligand MOFs (designated as CoCe‐2MeIm‐BDC‐BTC). Among all, the binary ligand MOF, CoCe‐2MeIm‐BTC, shows the best results (598 V, 26.7 µA) due to the combined effect of imidazole ring and (─COO─) groups. This is attributed to lone pairs on nitrogen atoms and a delocalized π‐electron system in imidazole system in this material. CoCe‐BTC has the lowest results (31 V, 3.2 µA) due to the bulkier nature of the electron‐withdrawing (─COO─) groups and their impact on the π‐electron system of the benzene ring. This study showcases the potential of ligand chemistry manipulation to control triboelectric charge and thereby enhance MOF‐based TENG performance.
Computer vision for assessment the seed coat color of carioca common beans
Authors: Silva Lorena Caroline Dumbá , da Silva Cardoso Everton , Mencalha Jussara , Gomes Danilo Araújo , de Castro Miguel Júlio Augusto , Cardoso João Vitor Carvalho , dos Santos Heloisa Oliveira , Carneiro Vinícius Quintão 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConsumer acceptance of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) belonging to the Carioca commercial group depends on the color of the seed. Therefore, producers seek bean cultivars that have a light seed coat after storage. This trait is very important for common bean breeding programs dedicated to produce a high market demand. Therefore, the objective was to propose and assess the use of a computer vision‐based methodology for assessing common bean color at harvest and after storage. A total of 70 carioca bean cultivars were visually assessed using a grading scale and computer vision after harvest and 90 days after the first assessment. The images allowed the cultivars to be discriminated according to the seed coat color. The accuracies with both assessment methodologies were >0.90. In addition, the correlations between these methodologies were ≤−0.72. The coefficients of variation for computer vision were lower than 6.50, while for the visual assessment, they were >10.08. Therefore, computer vision applied to assess the seed coat color of carioca bean grains is precise and accurate and allows for better discrimination than the visual assessment. Therefore, image analysis will assist in selecting better cultivars in breeding programs.
Embryonic development and cranial ossification of the Japanese Aodaishō, Elaphe climacophora (Serpentes: Colubridae): with special reference to the prootic bone and auditory evolution in snakes
Authors: Nojiri Taro , Werneburg Ingmar , Sakai Atsushi , Furutera Toshiko , Negishi‐Koga Takako , Ishijima Muneaki , Ichimura Koichiro , Takechi Masaki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSnakes show remarkably deviated “body plan” from other squamate reptiles. In addition to limb loss, they have accomplished enormous anatomical specialization of the skull associated with the pit organs and the reduction of the tympanic membranes and auditory canals in the outer ears. Despite being the most diverse group of snakes, our knowledge of the embryonic staging for organogenesis and cranial ossification has been minimal for Colubridae. Therefore, in the present observation, we provide the first embryonic description of the Japanese rat snake Elaphe climacophora. We based our study on the Standard Event System (SES) for external anatomical characters and on a description of the cranial ossification during post‐ovipositional development. We further estimated the relative ossification timing of each cranial bony element and compared it with that of selected other snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodilians. The present study shows that the relative ossification timing of the palatine and pterygoid bones is relatively early in squamates when compared to other reptiles, implying the developmental integration as the palate–pterygoid complex in this clade and functional demands for the unique feeding adaptation to swallow large prey with the help of their large palatine and pterygoid teeth. Furthermore, unlike in species with pit organs, the prootic bone of Ela. climacophora is expanded to provide articulation with the supratemporal, thereby contributing to the hearing system by detecting substrate vibration. We also demonstrate that the relative timing of the prootic ossification is significantly accelerated in colubrids compared to snakes with pit organs. Our finding suggests that the temporal changes of the prootic ossification underpin the evolution of the perception of the ground‐bourne sound signals among snakes.
Measuring corporate sustainability in its multidimensionality: A formative approach to integrate ESG and triple bottom line approaches
Authors: Cantele Silvia , Landi Stefano , Vernizzi Silvia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCorporate sustainability is a multifaceted concept with different definitions and measures proposed by the literature and the standards. This study aims to develop and validate a scale of corporate sustainability implementation that can face the complexity and multidimensionality of the concept. Specifically, the scale was designed around four dimensions (governance, prosperity, planet, and people), a three‐level structure, and a formative approach. The scale validation process entailed the engagement of experts, a survey of 303 Italian firms, and a case study application. The findings highlight the nature of the third‐order construct of sustainability implementation and the relevance of adding the governance dimensions to the most spread triple bottom line approach. As a theoretical contribution, this study argues that the missed recognition of these features could originate differences in previous sustainability measures. Further studies would apply the scale to measure firm sustainability in different contexts and in relationship with relevant drivers and outcomes.