bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen isotope analyses of biogenic opal and quartz using a novel microfluorination technique
Authors: Menicucci Anthony J. , Matthews Joy A. , Spero Howard J. 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEMeasuring δ18O values in silicates is difficult and hazardous in comparison with measurements of carbonate minerals due to the difficulty in breaking Si–O–Si bonds. A novel method for measurement of δ18O values from quartz and biogenic silica utilizing high‐temperature pyrolysis with continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF‐IRMS) is presented.METHODSSamples were prepared by offline dehydroxylation/dehydration under vacuum at 1060°C. The dehydroxylated samples are mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder (2.3:1 PTFE/Si) and graphite in silver foil capsules and reacted in a vario PYRO cube TC/EA system in a glassy carbon reaction tube. Quartz and biogenic opal samples react with available carbon in a microfluorination environment upon decomposition of the PTFE, producing CO for analysis via CF‐IRMS.RESULTSSilicate samples reacted quantitatively, producing data with yields ≥88% from ~400 µg samples. Multiple analyses with international standards demonstrated accuracy for replicate measurements (1σ range ±0.3–0.6‰), comparing favorably with previously published techniques.CONCLUSIONSNew data produced with the microfluorination technique are comparable with data from studies using existing methodologies. The microfluorination technique has the potential to greatly increase the number of laboratories producing silicate oxygen isotope data for mineralogic, paleoclimatic and biogeochemical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion approximation for the components in critical inhomogeneous random graphs of rank 1.
Authors: Turova Tatyana S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractConsider the random graph on n vertices 1,…,n. Each vertex i is assigned a type xi with x1,…,xn being independent identically distributed as a nonnegative random variable X. We assume that EX3< ∞. Given types of all vertices, an edge exists between vertices i and j independent of anything else and with probability
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\min \{1, \frac{x_ix_j}{n}\left(1+\frac{a}{n^{1/3}} \right) \}\end{align*} \end{document}. We study the critical phase, which is known to take place when EX2 = 1. We prove that normalized by n‐2/3the asymptotic joint distributions of component sizes of the graph equals the joint distribution of the excursions of a reflecting Brownian motion with diffusion coefficient
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\sqrt{{\textbf{ E}}X{\textbf{ E}}X^3}\end{align*} \end{document}and drift
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}a-\frac{{\textbf{ E}}X^3}{{\textbf{ E}}X}s\end{align*} \end{document}. In particular, we conclude that the size of the largest connected component is of order n2/3. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 43, 486–539, 2013
Health monitoring of an instrumented SRMF building using earthquake data
Authors: D'Amore Enzo , Amaddeo Carmen , Astaneh‐Asl Abolhassan 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper is a study of a six‐story welded steel moment‐resisting frame instrumented by California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. Several earthquakes had shaken the building, and its response of strong motion data recorded during the earthquakes were made available. In particular, the Whittier Narrows (October 1987), Sierra Madre (June 1991), Northridge (January 1994) and Chino Hills (July 2008) earthquakes were considered in the studies reported here.The paper investigates the capability of input–output system identification methods, namely eigensystem realization algorithm with data correlation, and observer Kalman filter identification, in identifying dynamic characteristics of typical office building structures subjected to strong ground motion. It explores the possibility to extend the above system identification procedures to near‐real‐time estimation of the building response under future earthquakes in order to estimate the likelihood of brittle damage in welded beam to column connections. The modal identification results are compared with those obtained using the spectral analysis and the deterministic‐stochastic subspace identification method to verify the accuracy of the identified modal parameters. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamental experiments on an air‐cushion‐based force‐sensing device for soft physical human–robot interaction
Authors: Lee Suwoong , Nozawa Hidetaka , Kim Jae‐Il , Inoue Kenji 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPhysical human–robot interaction (PHRI) is an essential concept for human‐cooperative robots (HCRs). Because the force control for PHRI is based on the contact force between a human and an HCR, it is very important to collect the force data accurately. Furthermore, soft contact during force sensing is also necessary for PHRI for safety and security. As a challenge in force sensing for PHRI using a soft material, we aim to develop in this study a novel force‐sensing device based on an air cushion. First, the physical model of the air cushion is represented by an air cylinder with a piston, which is subject to constraint by nonlinear elasticity. Second, the elastic properties of the air cushion are examined under the assumption that it can be formulated as a function of pneumatic pressure and the contact area with a human. The force applied to the air cushion is estimated on the basis of the physical model and compared to the actual force data in the fundamental experiments. Force is successfully estimated using the proposed physical model, and the advantages of the air‐cushion‐based force‐sensing device (ACFSD) are verified through these fundamental experiments. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Challenges of tourism in a low‐carbon economy
Authors: Gössling Stefan , Scott Daniel , Hall C. Michael 
Published: July 2013

This article reviews the interrelationships of tourism and climate change from a mitigation perspective. Tourism is an increasingly important part of the global economy that is dependent on the annual movement of billions of travelers, often over large distances. The current contribution of the tourism sector to global climate change is reliably established at approximately 5% of CO2 emissions, though national tourism economies can be considerably more carbon‐intense. Great uncertainty remains regarding tourism's future emission trajectories. However, in all scenarios, tourism is anticipated to grow substantially and to account for an increasingly large share of global greenhouse gas emissions, particularly if other sectors manage to achieve absolute emission reductions. The emission reduction challenges facing tourism in a low‐carbon economy are analyzed and current industry, government, and consumer responses critically examined. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of business‐as‐usual emissions trajectories versus the +2°C climate policy target for future tourism development. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:525–538. doi: 10.1002/wcc.243This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing Demand
Climate and Development > Decoupling Emissions from Development
Erratum: A wavelet‐based approach for large wind power ramp characterization
Authors: Gallego Cristóbal , Costa Alexandre , Cuerva Álvaro , Landberg Lars , Greaves Beatrice , Collins Jonathan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe large and rapid variations (ramp events) of wind power output experienced in wind farms and portfolios represent one of the main challenges facing short‐term wind power forecasting. In countries with high wind power penetration, a ramp event forecasting tool is required by transmission system operators and energy traders to schedule ancillary services properly and minimize economic penalties in liberalized electricity markets, respectively. From the forecaster/modeller's point of view, locating ramp events within a wind power time series is important, because it allows them to regard meteorological processes and operational states of the wind farm in the proper time periods to analyse the ramp causes. This work introduces the ramp function as a means of characterizing the ramp performance of a wind power time series. The underlying idea is that a ramp event is characterized by high‐power output gradients evaluated under different time scales. The ramp function is based on the wavelet transform and provides a continuous index related to the ramp intensity at each time step, which permits to take into account the fuzzy limits of the ramp notion, as well as the development of new approaches to wind power ramp analysis that are not feasible from a binary classification standpoint. Several advantages of the ramp function for end‐users are outlined, and applications concerning different aspects of ramp forecasting are described for several wind farms located in Spain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the integration of lightning protection with stealth coated wind turbine blades
Authors: Danoon Laith , El‐Makadema Ahmad , Brown Anthony 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the problem of reducing the radar cross section of a wind turbine blade through the application of radar absorbing material (RAM). One problem encountered by these techniques is the integration of the RAM solution with the existing lightning protection system, which is mandatory requirement to protect the blade when in operation. A common form of lightning protection is the use of conducting lightning receptors on the surface of the blade. To ensure the protection system is effective, a clearance area around the receptor may be required before any RAM treatment is applied. The size of the clearance area and the number of lightning receptors therefore potentially reduce the effectiveness of the RAM treatment. Design guidelines are given in this paper for a generic 40 m blade geometry. Some modelling results of the radar cross section and Doppler signature from a RAM treated blade are presented, and a comment is also made on the importance the blade edges have in reducing radar effects. ©2013 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and Structures of Na2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3·4H2O and K2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3·2H2O
Authors: Kubel Frank , Cabaret‐Lampin Marie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe crystal structures of Na2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3·4H2O and K2Mg3(OH)2(SO4)3·2H2O, were determined from conventional laboratory X‐ray powder diffraction data. Synthesis and crystal growth were made by mixing alkali metal sulfate, magnesium sulfate hydrate, and magnesium oxide with small amounts of water followed by heating at 150 °C. The compounds crystallize in space group Cmc21 (No. 36) with lattice parameters of a = 19.7351(3), b = 7.2228(2), c = 10.0285(2) Å for the sodium and a = 17.9427(2), b = 7.5184(1), c = 9.7945(1) Å for the potassium sample. The crystal structure consists of a linked MgO6–SO4 layered network, where the space between the layers is filled with either potassium (K+) or Na+‐2H2O units. The potassium‐bearing structure is isostructural to K2Co3(OH)2(SO4)3·2(H2O). The sodium compound has a similar crystal structure, where the bigger potassium ion is replaced by sodium ions and twice as many water molecules. Geometry optimization of the hydrogen positions were made with an empirical energy code.
A Distorted pcu Topological Heterometallic Metal‐Organic Framework with Right‐ and Left Chiral Covalent Layers
Authors: Wen Gui‐Lin , Han Min‐Le , Wang Feng‐Wu , Zhao Xing , Yin Cheng‐Yang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn unusual heterometallic 3D framework, [Zn2Ca(mip)2(Hmip)2(bpe)]n (1), was synthesized by using an alkali‐earth metal (calcium) and a d10 metal (zinc) under hydrothermal conditions [H2mip = 5‐methylisophthalic acid, bpe = 1,2‐bi(4‐pyridyl)ethene]. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis shows that complex 1 is a pillared‐grid metal‐organic framework (MOF) with nanosized parallelogram channels fully occupied by dangling Hmip– pendants. The most fascinating structural feature of the complex is that the achiral framework pillared by rod‐like bpe is assembled by opposite chiral covalent sheets arranged alternatingly with single left‐ or right‐handed helical chains. Topologically, the framework can be simplified as a distorted uninodal pcu net with the Schläfli symbol of {412·63}, which is rare representative of an achiral pillared‐layer MOF with chiral sheets comprising only one type of helical chains.
Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties of Two Entangled Complexes with Rigid Bis(imidazolyl) Ligands
Authors: Qi Yan , Li Yanhui , Wang Yue 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo new entangled complexes, namely, [Zn(bibp)(L1)] (1) and [Co(bib)(L2)]·H2O (2) [bibp = 4,4′‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)biphenyl, bib = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)‐benzene, H2L1 = 4,4′‐oxydibenzoic acid and H2L2 = 4,4′‐(2,2′‐oxybis(ethane‐2,1‐diyl)bis(oxy))dibenzoic acid] were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Complex 1 presents a uninodal 4‐connected dmp net with fivefold interpenetration containing left‐ and right‐handed single‐helical (ZnL1)n chains. Complex 2 displays both polyrotaxane and polycatenane characteristics. Furthermore, thermogravimetric studies of 1 and 2 and photoluminescent property of 1 were also investigated.
Fabry Disease Practice Guidelines: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Laney Dawn A. , Bennett Robin L. , Clarke Virginia , Fox Angela , Hopkin Robert J. , Johnson Jack , O'Rourke Erin , Sims Katherine , Walter Gerald 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIdentification and comprehensive care of individuals who have Fabry disease (FD) requires a multidisciplinary approach inclusive of genetic testing, test interpretation, genetic counseling, long term disease symptom monitoring, treatment recommendations, and coordination of therapy. The purpose of this document is to provide health care professionals with guidelines for testing, care coordination, identification of psychosocial issues, and to facilitate a better understanding of disease treatment expert recommendations for patients with Fabry disease. These recommendations are the opinions of a multicenter working group of genetic counselors, medical geneticists, and other health professionals with expertise in Fabry disease counseling, as well as representatives/founders of the two United States based Fabry disease patient advocacy groups who are themselves affected by Fabry disease. The recommendations are U.S. Preventive Task Force Class III, and they are based on clinical experience, a review of pertinent English‐language articles, and reports of expert committees. This document reviews the genetics of Fabry disease, the indications for genetic testing, interpretation of results, psychosocial considerations, and references to professional and patient resources.
Amphiphilic Properties of Dodecylammonium Chloride/4‐(1‐Pentylheptyl) Benzene Sodium Sulfonate Aqueous Mixtures and Study of the Catanionic Complex
Authors: Mihelj Tea , Tomašić Vlasta 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSurfactants are often used in supramolecular chemistry, due to their ability to self‐organize. Surfactant molecules aggregate spontaneously and reversibly to adopt a defined intermolecular arrangement. In this work, general phase behavior, adsorption and association in aqueous mixtures of dodecylammonium chloride, DACl and sodium 4‐(1‐pentylheptyl) benzenesulfonate, NaDBS, were studied by a combination of techniques including surface tension and conductivity measurements, light scattering and optical microscopy. The strong synergistic properties of the system were brought out with the Regular Solution Theory. Various colloidal objects are observed in wide range of composition: conventional small vesicles, large giant multilamellar or multivesicular vesicles. An excess of NaDBS provides extremely large tubular and elongated multilamellar vesicles. The new catanionic 1:1 complex, dodecylammonium‐4‐(1‐pentylheptyl) benzenesulfonate, formed in the equimolar conditions is a result of intramolecular charge neutralization. The thermal properties of this solid compound were examined by thermal polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The most probable ion‐pair amphiphilic cluster of the crystal smectic phase, at room temperature, consists of ionic groups formed in ordered layers with dodecyl chains packed into somewhat disordered layers, tilted to the layer plane.
Catholics and the King James Bible: Stories from England, Ireland and America
Authors: Gebarowski-Shafer Ellie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe King James Bible was widely celebrated in 2011 for its literary, religious and cultural significance over the past 400 years, yet its staunch critics are important to note as well. This article draws attention to Catholic critics of the King James Bible (KJB) during its first 300 years in print. By far the most systematic and long-lived Catholic attack on the KJB is found in the argument and afterlife of a curious counter-Reformation text, Thomas Ward's Errata of the Protestant Bible. This book is not completely unknown, yet many scholars have been puzzled over exactly what to make of it and all its successor editions in the nineteenth century – at least a dozen, often in connection with an edition of the Catholic Douai-Rheims Bible (DRB). Ward's Errata, first published in 1688, was based on a 1582 book by Catholic translator and biblical scholar Gregory Martin. The book and its accompanying argument, that all Protestant English Bibles were ‘heretical’ translations, then experienced a prosperous career in nineteenth-century Ireland, employed to battle the British and Foreign Bible Society's campaign to disseminate the Protestant King James Bible as widely as possible. On the American career of the Counter-Reformation text, the article discusses early editions in Philadelphia, when the school Bible question entered the American scene. In the mid-nineteenth century, led by Bishop John Purcell in Cincinnati, Bishop Francis Patrick Kenrick in Philadelphia and Bishop John Hughes in New York City, many Catholics began opposing the use of the KJB as a school textbook and demanding use of the Douai Rheims Bible instead. With reference to Ward's Errata, they argued that the KJB was a sectarian version, reflecting Protestant theology at the expense of Catholic teachings. These protests culminated in the then world-famous Bible-burning trial of Russian Redemptorist priest, Fr Vladimir Pecherin in Dublin, in late 1855. The Catholic criticisms of the KJB contained in Ward's Errata, which was reprinted for the last time in 1903, reminded the English-speaking public that this famous and influential Protestant version was not the most perfect of versions, and that it was not and never had been THE BIBLE for everyone.
The ‘Sophiological’ Origins of Vladimir Lossky's Apophaticism
Authors: Gallaher Brandon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVladimir Lossky (1903–58) and Sergii Bulgakov (1871–1944) are normally taken as polar opposites in modern Orthodox theology. Lossky's theology is portrayed as being based on a close exegesis of the Greek Fathers with an emphasis on theosis, the Trinity and the apophatic way of mystical union with God. Bulgakov's ‘sophiology’, in contrast, if it is remembered at all, is said to be a theology which wished to ‘go beyond the Fathers’, was based on German Idealism and the quasi-pantheist and gnostic idea of ‘sophia’ which is a form of the ‘Eternal Feminine’ of Romanticism. In short, Lossky's theological approach is what people normally think of when they speak of Orthodox theology: a form of ‘neo-patristic synthesis’ (Georges Florovsky). Bulgakov's theological approach is said to be typical of the exotic dead end of the inter-war émigré ‘Paris School’ (Alexander Schmemann) or ‘Russian Religious Renaissance’ (Nicolas Zernov). Lossky, we are reminded, was instrumental in the 1935 condemnation, by Metropolitan Sergii Stragorodskii of the Moscow Patriarchate, of Bulgakov's theology as ‘alien’ to the Orthodox Christian faith. Counter to this widely held ‘standard narrative’ of contemporary Orthodox theology, the article argues that the origins of Vladimir Lossky's apophaticism, which he characterised as ‘antinomic theology’, are found within the theological methodology of the sophiology of Sergii Bulgakov: ‘antinomism’. By antinomism is understood that with any theological truth one has two equally necessary affirmations (thesis and antithesis) which are nevertheless logically contradictory. In the face of their conflict, we are forced to hold both thesis and antithesis together through faith. A detailed discussion of Lossky's apophaticism is followed by its comparison to Bulgakov's ‘sophiological antinomism’. Lossky at first appears to be masking the influence of Bulgakov and even goes so far as to read his own form of theological antinomism into the Fathers. Nevertheless, he may well have been consciously appropriating the ‘positive intuitions’ of Bulgakov's thought in order to ‘Orthodoxise’ a thinker he believed was in error but still regarded as the greatest Orthodox theologian of the twentieth century. Despite major differences between the two thinkers (e.g. differing understandings of reason, the use of philosophy and the uncreated/created distinction), it is suggested that Lossky and Bulgakov have more in common than normally is believed to be the case. A critical knowledge of Bulgakov's sophiology is said to be the ‘skeleton key’ for modern Orthodox theology which can help unlock its past, present and future.
The Dark Halo – Spheroid Conspiracy
Authors: Remus Rhea-Silvia , Burkert Andreas , Dolag Klaus , Johansson Peter H. , Naab Thorsten , Oser Ludwig , Thomas Jens 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObservational results from strong lensing and dynamical modeling indicate that the total density profiles of early-type galaxies are close to isothermal, i.e. ρtot ∝ rγ with γ ≈ −2. To understand the origin of this universal slope we study a set of simulated spheroids formed in cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations (see Oser et al. 2010 for more details). We find that the total stellar plus dark matter density profiles of all our simulations on average can be described by a power law with a slope of γ ≈ −2.1, with a tendency towards steeper slopes for more compact, lower mass ellipticals, while the total intrinsic velocity dispersion is flat for all simulations, independent of the values of γ. Our results are in good agreement with observations of Coma cluster ellipticals (Thomas et al. 2007) and results from strong lensing (Sonnenfeld et al. 2012). We find that for z ≳ 2 the majority of the stellar build-up occurs through in-situ star formation, i.e. the gas falls to the center of the galaxy and forms stars, causing the galaxy to be more compact and thus the stellar component to be more dominant. As a result, the total density slopes at z ≈ 2 are generally steeper (around γ ≈ −3). Between z = 2 and z = 0 galaxies grow mostly through dry merging, with each merging event shifting the slope more towards γ ≈ −2. We conclude from our simulations that the steepness of the slope of present day galaxies is a signature of the importance of mostly dry mergers in the formation of an elliptical, and suggest that all elliptical galaxies will with time end up in a configuration with a density slope of γ ≈ −2. For a more detailed analysis with a larger sample of simulations see Remus et al. (2013).