bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Early Intrauterine Balloon Tamponade for Immediate Postpartum Hemorrhage After Vaginal Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rozenberg P , Sentilhes L , Goffinet F , Vayssiere C , Senat MV , Haddad B , Morel O , Garabedian C , Vivanti A , Perrotin F , Kayem G , Azria E , Raynal P , Verspyck E , Sananes N , Gallot D , Bretelle F , Seco A , Winer N , Deneux-Tharaux C ,   On behalf of the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie
Published: August 2024

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;229(5):542.e1–542.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.05.014)
As a primary cause of maternal mortality and significant illness, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a substantial concern worldwide with improved management strategies necessary to optimize preventable outcomes. Initial PPH treatment includes medical interventions like uterine massage and the administration of uterotonic agents such as oxytocin, ergometrine, and prostaglandins. If these treatments fail, other therapies like intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT), uterine compression sutures, and arterial embolization may be used, with hysterectomy reserved as a life-saving procedure. Compared with surgical interventions, IUBT is less invasive, avoids inherent surgical complications, limits delays in care, does not require specialized resources, is cost-effective, and has evidence of success. The optimal timing and usage of IUBT is undetermined, with evidence suggesting early utilization may be beneficial. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness IUBT (Belfort-Dildy balloon) in combination with second-line uterotonics versus IUBT (Belfort-Dildy balloon) placement after the failure of second-line uterotonic treatment in managing persistent severe PPH after vaginal delivery and first-line uterotonic administration.
Method of Anesthesia and Perioperative Risk Factors, Maternal Anesthesia Complications, and Neonatal Mortality Following Cesarean Delivery in Africa: A Substudy of a 7-day Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Gerber C , Bishop DG , Dyer RA ,   on behalf of the African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) Investigators
Published: August 2024

(Anesth Analg. 2024;138(6):1275-1284. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006750)
A key finding of the African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) was that general anesthesia (GA) was linked to higher maternal and neonatal risk and that cesarean delivery (CD) in Africa was 50 times higher than in high-income countries. The ASOS recruited consecutive patients 18 years or older who had inpatient surgery in 183 hospitals in 22 African countries over a 7-day period between February 2016 and May 2016. This ASOS substudy of the obstetric cohort was designed primarily to estimate the association between preoperative risk factors and the outcome of the type of anesthesia administered. The secondary aim was to estimate the association between the method of anesthesia and maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Risks of Fetal Exposure to Topiramate
Authors: Meador KJ 
Published: August 2024

(N Engl J Med. 390(12):1141–1142. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2401164)
Antiseizure medications are frequently used in individuals of childbearing potential for a variety of conditions such as pain management, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders. However, these medications pose potential risks to the developing fetus, including congenital malformations and cognitive or behavioral impairments. Although all antiseizure medications have teratogenic potential, the severity of these effects varies significantly across different medications.
Role of Cosyntropin in the Management of Postpartum Postdural Puncture Headache: A Two-center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pancaro C , Balonov K , Herbert K , Shah N , Segal S , Cassidy R , Engoren MC , Manica V , Habib AS 
Published: August 2024

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2023;56:103917. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103917)
Approximately half a million women in the UK and up to two million in the USA receive labor neuraxial analgesia annually, with 0.5% to 1.5% experiencing unintentional dural puncture (UDP), leading to postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in 70% of cases. An epidural blood patch (EBP) is often necessary when conservative measures fail. Research suggests that prophylactic and therapeutic use of an adrenocorticotropic hormone analog, cosyntropin, may reduce PDPH incidence with the theoretical basis for its efficacy lying in its modulation of pain pathways, resembling morphine-like properties, and potential influence on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. However, studies in this area are limited and contradictory.
ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND MULTIMODAL IMAGING FOR INFLAMMATORY VITREORETINAL INTERFACE ABNORMALITIES
Authors: Satcho Emmanuelle , Snyder Valerie C. , Dansingani Kunal K. , Liasis Alki , Kedia Nikita , Gofas-Salas Elena , Chhablani Jay , Martel Joseph N. , Sahel José-Alain , Paques Michel , Rossi Ethan A. , Errera Marie-Helene 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To investigate changes to the vitreoretinal interface in uveitis with multimodal imaging including adaptive optics.

Methods:
Four eyes (four patients) affected by fovea-attached (subtype 1A) or fovea-sparing epiretinal membranes (ERMs) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography or visible internal limiting membrane (ILM) on infrared scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) fundus imaging were recruited in this pilot study. The microstructure of the vitreoretinal interface was imaged using flood-illumination adaptive optics (FIAO), and the images were compared with the cross-sectional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography data.

Results:
Adaptive optics images revealed multiple abnormalities of the vitreoretinal interface, such as deep linear striae in ERM, and hyperreflective microstructures at the location of ERMs and ILMs. The cone mosaic was imaged by FIAO and was found altered in the four eyes with ERMs or visible ILM. The same four eyes presented alteration of photopic 30 Hz flicker that was reduced in amplitude indicating cone inner retinal layer dysfunction.

Conclusion:
FIAO imaging can identify specific patterns associated with ERMs and ILMs. Correlating FIAO imaging of the vitreomacular interface with the structural alterations seen in FIAO at the level of the outer retinal structures can help understand the cause of significant macular dysfunction associated with ERM.
COMPREHENSIVE MOLECULAR PROFILING OF UVEAL MELANOMA EVALUATED WITH GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING, PREFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED ANTIGEN IN MELANOMA EXPRESSION, AND NEXT-GENERATION SEQUENCING
Authors: Alsoudi Amer F. , Skrehot Henry C. , Chévez-Barrios Patricia , Divatia Mukul , De La Garza Maria , Bretana Maria E. , Schefler Amy C. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To determine the association between gene-expression profiling (GEP), next-generation sequencing (NGS), preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) features, and metastatic risk in patients with uveal melanoma (UM).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patients with UM treated by brachytherapy or enucleation by a single ocular oncologist was conducted from November 2020 and July 2022. Clinicopathologic features, patient outcomes, GEP classification, NGS, and PRAME results were recorded.

Results:
Comprehensive GEP, PRAME, and NGS testing was performed on 135 UMs. The presence of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, X-chromosomal and splicing factor 3B subunit 1 mutations was significantly associated with GEP class 1A and GEP class 1B, respectively. The presence of BRCA- associated protein-1 mutation was significantly associated with GEP class 2. The average largest basal diameter for tumors with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, X-chromosomal mutations was significantly smaller than those with splicing factor 3B subunit 1 mutations and BRCA1-associated protein-1 mutations. Class 2 tumors metastasized sooner than GEP class 1 tumors. Tumors with splicing factor 3B subunit 1 and/or BRCA1-associated protein-1 mutations metastasized sooner compared with tumors that had either no driver mutation or no mutations at all. Tumors with splicing factor 3B subunit 1 did not have a significantly different time to metastasis compared with tumors with BRCA1-associated protein-1 (P value = 0.97). Forty tumors (30%) were PRAME positive, and the remaining 95 tumors (70%) were PRAME negative. Tumors with PRAME-positive status did not have a significantly different time to metastasis compared with tumors without PRAME-positive status (P value = 0.11).

Conclusion:
GEP, NGS, and PRAME expression analysis help determine different levels of metastatic risk in UM. Although other prognostic tests exist, the following study reports on the use of NGS for metastatic prognostication in UM. However, limitations of NGS exist, especially with small lesions that are technically difficult to biopsy.
SURGICAL OUTCOMES AND INTRAOPERATIVE PARAMETERS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VISUALIZATION SYSTEM VERSUS CONVENTIONAL MICROSCOPES FOR MACULAR SURGERY IN HIGHLY MYOPIC EYES
Authors: Tsui Mei-Chi , Hsieh Yi-Ting , Lai Tso-Ting , Lee Cheng-Yung , Hsia Yun , Wang Shih-Wen , Ma I-Hsin , Hung Kuo-Chi , Lin Chang-Pin , Yang Chang-Hao , Yang Chung-May , Ho Tzyy-Chang 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the surgical outcomes and intraoperative parameters of 3D visualization system for macular diseases in highly myopic eyes.

Methods:
In this single-center, prospective, randomized, comparative interventional study, 40 highly myopic eyes (axial length > 26 mm) were randomly assigned to either a 3D visualization system or a conventional microscope group. Surgical outcomes and intraoperative parameters, including the number of indocyanine green injections, surgical time, and epiretinal membrane/internal limiting membrane peeling time, were compared.

Results:
The 3D group required significantly fewer indocyanine green injections (1.3 ± 0.5 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7, P < 0.001), had shorter epiretinal membrane/internal limiting membrane peeling times (522.8 ± 258.0 vs. 751.8 ± 320.2 seconds, P < 0.05), and experienced fewer intraoperative retinal hemorrhages (0 vs. 7 cases, P < 0.05) compared with the conventional microscope group. Anatomical and functional outcomes were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The 3D system exhibited a lower number of indocyanine green injections, shorter epiretinal membrane/internal limiting membrane peeling times, and a reduced incidence of intraoperative retinal hemorrhages, suggesting the 3D visualization system may offer advantages for macular surgery in highly myopic eyes.
Diagnostic Power and Reproducibility of Objective Perimetry in Glaucoma
Authors: Maddess Ted , Carle Corinne F. , Kolic Maria , Saraç Özge , Essex Rohan W. , Rohan Emilie M.F. , Sabeti Faran , van Kleef Josh P. 
Published: August 2024

Précis:
An objective perimetry method provides four 30-2 style reports in 8 minutes. These comprise sensitivity and delay reports for both eyes. A combined report format shows comparable diagnostic power to 2 forms of automated perimetry.

Purpose:
To compare objective perimetry with 2 forms of standard automated perimetry (SAP) in glaucoma.

Methods:
The study cohort contained 40 persons with glaucoma (PwG) and 94 normal control subjects. The PwG had both perimetric and preperimetric eyes. Multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry was performed with the objectiveField Analyser (OFA), which independently assesses the visual fields of both eyes concurrently. Its OFA30 test assessed the central ±30 degrees, and the OFA15 test assessed the central ±15 degrees, both providing 30-2 style reports. The OFA tests were repeated 2 weeks apart to assess test-retest variability (TRV). OFA was compared with Matrix and HFA-SITA fast 24-2 threshold testing. Diagnostic power was quantified as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC). Test durations, mean defects, and pattern standard deviations of the 4 tests were compared.

Results:
At a median of 4.09±0.02 minutes/eye the OFA tests were quicker than SAP (all P≤0.0001), 2 minutes/eye if OFA per-region sensitivities and delays are considered separately. The %AUROCs for OFA, Matrix, and HFA were not significantly different, averaging 93±3% (mean±SD) in perimetric eyes, and 73±6% in preperimetric eyes. For moderate to severe fields, OFA TRV was less than the published results for SAP. OFA30 mean defects were significantly correlated between repeats (r=0.91) and with OFA15 (r=0.93, both P<0.0001).

Conclusions:
OFA provides extra functional measures in the form of per-region delays and between-eye asymmetries. Both the OFA wide-field and macular tests provided comparable diagnostic power to SAP and better TRV in damaged eyes.
Ecthyma Gangrenosum Secondary to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Rod Infections in Leukemia Patients With Prolonged Neutropenia
Authors: Patel Raj H. , Velez Ana Paula , Greene John N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ecthyma gangrenosum is a cutaneous infection classically associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the causative pathogen, but other gram-negative enteric flora can be found. This infection is typically seen in immunocompromised patients in the setting of fulminant bacteremia with lesional features of gangrenous ulceration surrounded by tender erythematous borders. In patients with hematological malignancies, prompt recognition of this entity through microbiological and clinical features is critical to ensuring successful treatment and resolution. As patients with refractory leukemia live longer with breakthroughs in therapy, infectious complications are becoming more common along with increasing resistant gram-negative pathogens. Herein, we present 9 cases of ecthyma gangrenosum caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in leukemia patients with prolonged neutropenia, which were successfully managed with combination antibiotic therapy.
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum Bacteremia and Possible Meningitis in a Previously Healthy 14-Year-Old Male Patient
Authors: Bozso Clare R. , Leibowitz Jill , Barton Michael , Ostovar Gholamabbas Amin , Rubin Lorry G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is known to cause pharyngitis in adolescents. We report the case of a healthy 14-year-old male patient with A. haemolyticum bacteremia with possible associated meningitis. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum should be considered as a source of infection in young, immunocompetent patients with systemic illness in the setting of recent or active pharyngitis.
Retrospective Cohort Study of Financial Incentives for Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Treatment in an Outreach Population in Edmonton, Canada, 2018–2019
Authors: Krahn Jessica , Gratrix Jennifer , Khan MuhammadNaeem , Meyer Garret , Smyczek Petra , Singh Ameeta E. 
Published: August 2024

Background
The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) continues to increase worldwide. Patient incentives are one proposed intervention to increase STI testing and treatment.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing incentivized versus routine care for STI outreach test and treat services between October 2018 and June 2019. Incentivized care included a $10 gift card for testing visits and an additional $10 gift card for results and/or treatment visits. Incentivized visits were offered to clients with a lack of housing, who were difficult to locate, or had a history of being lost to follow-up. All test and treatment visits included chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV testing and/or treatment by Registered Nurses and outreach workers from an STI Clinic. Outreach visits were offered at subsidized housing locations, community-based organizations, and street outreach.

Results
From October 2018 to June 2019, 2384 outreach clients were reached: 453 (19.0%) received incentives and 1931 (81.0%) received routine care. There were no significant differences in case-finding rates for chlamydia (4.8%), gonorrhea (2.9%), and HIV (0.1%); however, there was for syphilis (3.8% for incentivized vs. 1.9% for routine visits; P = 0.02). All newly diagnosed infections identified in the incentivized group received treatment compared with routine visits (chlamydia 100% vs 79.1%, P = 0.008, gonorrhea 100% vs 59.7%, P = 0.002, and syphilis 100% vs. 86.7%, P = 0.08).

Conclusions
Incentives were associated with increased case-finding rates of syphilis and were associated with 100% treatment rates. Incentives are a promising approach to decreasing the burden of STI among outreach populations.
Noncausal relationship between body weight and breast cancer based on bidirectional Mendelian randomization evidence
Authors: Li Qiuhua , Wang Ying , Ren Lu , Liu Zhaozhe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Some observational associations between body weight and breast cancer have attracted attention. However, the causal relationship between these 2 factors remains unclear, and more clinical outcomes are needed for its validation.

Methods
Based on statistical data from a Genome Wide Association Study, we performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the bidirectional causal relationship between body weight and breast cancer using 4 methods, with inverse variance weighting as the primary method. To verify the robustness and reliability of the causal relationship, we performed a sensitivity analysis using horizontal pleiotropy, outlier, and one-by-one elimination tests.

Results
The inverse variance weighting results revealed no significant positive causal relationship between body weight and breast cancer. Similarly, the reverse analysis revealed no causal effect of breast cancer on body weight.

Conclusions
The relationship between body weight and breast cancer may be attributed to confounding factors.
Impact of Varying Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Programs on HIV and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Transmission Among MSM in the Netherlands: A Modeling Study
Authors: Reitsema Maarten , Wallinga Jacco , van Sighem Ard I. , Bezemer Daniela , van der Valk Marc , van Aar Fleur , Heijne Janneke Cornelia Maria , Hoornenborg Elske , Rozhnova Ganna , van Benthem Birgit , Xiridou Maria 
Published: August 2024

Background:
In 2019, a 5-year pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program started in the Netherlands, in which up to 8500 men who have sex with men (MSM) can obtain PrEP and 3-monthly consultations with HIV/STI testing.

Setting:
We assessed the impact of the PrEP program on transmission of HIV and Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) among MSM in the Netherlands and examined prospective variations of the program after 2024.

Methods:
We used an agent-based model to estimate the effect of the PrEP program. For hypothetical prospective PrEP programs starting in 2024, we varied the capacity (8,500; 12,000; 16,000 participants) and consultation frequency (3-monthly; 6-monthly; 70% 3-monthly and 30% 6-monthly).

Results:
At a capacity of 8,500 participants and 3-monthly consultations, the PrEP program could lead to 3,140 [95% credible interval (95% CrI): 1,780–4,780] and 27,930 (95% CrI: 14,560–46,280) averted HIV and NG infections, requiring 316,050 (95% CrI: 314,120–317,580) consultations. At a capacity of 16,000 participants, the programs with 3-monthly consultations and 6-monthly consultations could lead to comparable number of averted HIV [3,940 (95% CrI: 2,420–5,460), and 3,900 (2,320–5,630) respectively] and NG infections [29,970 (95% CrI: 15,490–50,350), and 29,960 (95% CrI: 13,610–50,620) respectively], while requiring substantially different number of consultations: 589,330 (95% CrI: 586,240–591,160) and 272,590 (95% CrI: 271,770–273,290), respectively.

Conclusions:
Continuation of a PrEP program could lead to a substantial reduction in HIV and NG transmission. More infections could be averted if the number of participants is increased. In turn, the consultation frequency could be reduced without reducing the number of averted infections if capacity is increased.
Determinants of Potential HIV Vaccine Uptake Among Young Sexual Minoritized Men 17–24 Year Old
Authors: John Steven A. , Walsh Jennifer L. , Doherty Ryan M. , Rine Sarah R. , O'Neil Andrew M. , Dang Madeline , Quinn Katherine G. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Failures in prior rollout of HIV prevention efforts have widened disparities in HIV incidence by race/ethnicity among young sexual minoritized men (YSMM). We hypothesized greater perceptions of medical mistrust would be associated with lower willingness to get an HIV vaccine, mediating the relationship between race/ethnicity and willingness to accept a future HIV vaccine.

Methods:
HIV-negative and unknown-status YSMM 17–24 years old (n = 229) recruited through social media and men-for-men networking apps completed online surveys from September 2021 to March 2022. Participants were asked about demographics, medical mistrust (health care-related sexual orientation stigma, health care-related race stigma, global medical mistrust, and trust in health care providers), and willingness to accept a future HIV vaccine.

Results:
Vaccine willingness was highest among White YSMM (96.0%) and lower among Black (71.0%), Latino (83.6%), and multiracial or another race/ethnicity YSMM (80.0%). Even after accounting for medical mistrust constructs as mediators, compared with White participants, Black participants had lower odds of being willing to accept a future HIV vaccine. Participants with greater trust in health care providers had higher odds of willingness to accept a future HIV vaccine.

Discussion:
Gaps in willingness to get an HIV vaccine are evident among YSMM by race/ethnicity, indicating potential further widening of disparities in HIV incidence when a vaccine becomes available without intervention.
Maxillofacial Symptoms and Diagnosis Criteria Concerning Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: El Hamid Sami , Barry Florent , Nobile Mathieu , Ferri Joël 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by sterile inflammation of bony tissue. Although it has distinct clinical and radiologic features, it is often misdiagnosed, leading to inappropriate and delayed treatment. Indeed, at the origin the disease can have an exclusive maxillofacial location and so be, at least clinically, difficult to prove.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to summarize through a systematic literature review the clinical, laboratory, and imaging data regarding maxillofacial manifestations of CRMO.

Methods:
The present systematic review of the literature was designed following the standard PROSPERO eligibility criteria. Three electronic databases were searched to find clinical studies describing cases of patients diagnosed with CRMO of the orofacial area. Relevant clinical, radiographic, and laboratory results were extracted.

Results:
The search strategy retrieved 95 articles. Assessment of the full text was done for 47 articles among them, 30 were included. The total patients included was 82, mean age was 8.2 years. Pain and swelling association was present in 94% of the cases, mandible was involved in 96.3% of the cases. Sclerosis, lytic lesion, and periostal reaction were the most frequent radiologic findings.

Conclusion:
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is often misdiagnosed as infectious osteomyelitis, practitioners should therefore be familiar of its distinct clinical course and paraclinical features. Further investigations would be beneficial to assess the extraosseous manifestations and the long-term outcome of CRMO.