bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cystoscopic extraction of a wired earphone from male urinary bladder
Authors: Wani Umer Hamid , Pasha Mahaboob , Najar Firdous Ahmad , Ansari Shakeel , Alam Saiyad Shah , Fatimah Mehjabeen , Taslim Mohd 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A foreign body in the urinary bladder is an uncommon urological emergency, resulting from scenarios such as iatrogenic injuries, self-insertion for pleasure, sexual abuse, assault, and migration from the adjacent sites. Self-inserted urinary bladder foreign bodies for sexual enjoyment pose a substantial issue for clinicians due to their difficulty in the diagnosis and therapy. Most patients were admitted late owing to embarrassment, resulting in severe short-and long-term consequences. This case study describes the intriguing presentation of a 57-year-old male who came to the surgery outpatient department 17 days after experiencing burning when urinating along with blood and dysuria. Wire-like radiodensities in the soft tissues of the pelvis were seen on an X-ray; their morphology was described as that of an earphone wire. The wired earphone foreign body was removed using a cystoscopy procedure. The patient’s hospital stay was minimal, and he was discharged with antibiotics and analgesics.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of prostate presenting as prostatic abscess in young adult – Rare presentation of a rare disease
Authors: Mishra Sumanta Kumar , Raman Sarojini , Boaz Ranil Johann , Panda Sumit Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the prostate in adults is a rare but highly malignant tumor and often metastatic at diagnosis. RMS of the prostate in adults has been reported in isolated case reports in the literature. Timely diagnosis and multimodal treatment give the best survival chance to the patient. The varied presentation of RMS of the prostate in adults mimicking multiple other pathologies of the prostate and lack of pathognomic radiological findings makes its diagnosis difficult and delays in treatment. Transrectal biopsy of the prostate with immunohistochemistry panel at histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis. A 27-year-old man diagnosed as prostatic abscess and treated with antibiotics was referred to our center. Adequate suspicion of malignancy with proper evaluation and biopsy leads to correct diagnosis of RMS of the prostate. Multimodality treatment was initiated as the disease was not metastatic at diagnosis.
Mental health on the frontlines: Disaster psychiatry perspectives from Odisha
Authors: Panda Udit Kumar , Pattnaik Jigyansa Ipsita , Samantray Swayanka , Ravan Jayaprakash Russell 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Disasters can have a profound impact on mental health, leading to stress, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, grief, substance abuse, and suicidality. These issues can persist for years, affecting 30%–60% of survivors, and risk and resilience depend on factors such as socioeconomic status, cultural background, health, trauma exposure, age, sex, and community support. Early interventions and long-term interventions, such as skills building, communal practices, cooperative livelihood programs, clinical therapies, and addressing health-care disparities, can help in recovery. Trauma can lead to neurobiological changes, and culturally sensitive mental health care is essential. Climate change accelerates extreme events, and disaster response systems must integrate such care to enhance resilience and mitigate trauma to disrupted communities such as Odisha and broadly affected populations worldwide.
New targeted pharmacotherapy and experimental therapies for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sahu Saroj Kanta , Giri Suprabhat , Nath Preetam , Mallick Bipadabhanjan , Praharaj Dibyalochan , Anand Anil Chandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
“Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)” are idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The natural course of “IBD” may be chronic, progressive, or relapsing–remitting. The goal of IBD therapy is currently based on a “target-to-target” approach. “Moderate-to-severe IBD” patients often require long-term treatment with biologics to attain therapeutic targets. Although biologics work well, the primary and secondary nonresponses are still quite high. IBD patients experiencing biological failure led to progressive disease burden; development of complications; and poor physical, mental, and social health. The unmet therapeutic paradigm in IBD includes novel treatments that target distinct immunoinflammatory pathways with improved therapeutic response, safety, and tolerability. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and the reasons underlying treatment failure helps guide IBD therapy. In addition, various experimental treatments are beginning to be developed, such as stem cell therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, novel small-molecule medications, and gut microbiome modification. This paper reviews the most recent medicines added to the treatment arsenal for IBD, prospective new medications shortly, and experimental therapies that could provide physicians with various alternatives for managing patients clinically.
Stress-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis Due to Transient Beta Cell Stunning in a Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Authors: Sriraam Manoharan , Sri Lekha Sadagopan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A 15-year-old boy was admitted to the intensive care unit of our hospital with complaints of increased urination, extreme tiredness, and nausea for the past 15 days. He had also lost 6.5 kg of weight (almost 10% of total body weight) in 1 month. On admission, his plasma glucose was 780 mg/dL, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 11.6%, serum ketones >10.0 mmol/L, osmolality 346 mosm/kg, arterial pH 7.28, and bicarbonate 9 mEq/L. The C-peptide report initially indicated poor pancreatic beta cell reserve (fasting: 0.41 pmol/mL and stimulated: 0.46 pmol/mL). He was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis and responded well to treatment, after which time he was switched to subcutaneous insulin. Ten days later, in the outpatient clinic, his fasting blood glucose was 132 mg/dL, postprandial blood glucose was 183 mg/dL, and C-peptide had improved to fasting: 0.89 pmol/mL and stimulated: 1.42 pmol/mL. Considering the presence of acanthosis nigricans on the neck, a body mass index in the overweight range, a positive family history of diabetes, and negative tests for pancreatic autoantibodies, an early onset diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered. Insulin was gradually withdrawn, and he was switched to metformin. Sustained recovery of C-peptide in this case indicates that lack of insulin at admission was due to beta cell stunning, rather than a total and irreversible loss of beta cells as expected in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Beta cell stunning is often reversible, as shown in this case.
Biodiversity and Diabetes: Is There a link?
Authors: Mohan Viswanathan , Uma Sakthy Gunasekaran , Shobana Shanmugam , Thomson Jacob Chelladurai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
India is rich in agrobiodiversity and is considered to be one of the important countries for production of food, oilseed and horticultural crops, spices, and medicinal plants. However, the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity has been rapidly increasing in India due to unhealthy food habits, for example, changing from healthy unpolished brown rice to highly polished white rice. Bringing back our traditional foods such as millets and making use of India’s rich biodiversity could help improve the health of its population and help in preventing and control of NCDs such as T2D.
Sun Exposure Characteristics among the Indian Population Who Are at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Binna Sunita , Kodali Prakash Babu , Sharma Hemanshu , Nair Pradeep M. K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Evidence suggests a beneficial effect of sun exposure on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, little is known about the characteristics of sun exposure among DM patients or individuals at risk of developing DM. The aim of this study was to analyze the sun exposure behaviors of individuals diagnosed with DM and those susceptible to developing DM within a semi-urban community in North India.

Materials and Methods:
A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in northern India with 494 participants aged 25–60, with or without DM. The participants’ sun exposure characteristics were assessed through a sunlight exposure questionnaire, and total sun exposure in a day was computed using the veritable sun exposure (VSE) index. Fasting blood sugar, anthropometric measurements, and demographic details were also collected.

Results:
The study had 56.5% female participants, and 9.1% of the participants had DM. The VSE of the study participants ranged from 0.01 to 0.81, with a mean of 0.15 (±0.14) and a median of 0.10, indicating that more than half of the study samples had less than 10% h/day of sunlight exposure. The use of sunscreen, gender, and disease status all influenced VSE. Our data suggest that the characteristics of sun exposure among Indians significantly deviate from standard recommendations.

Conclusion:
Our results propose a need for evidence-based guidelines and policies that promote awareness about sun exposure among DM patients as well as those at risk of developing DM. Nevertheless, these findings need to be validated through large-scale observational studies.
Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Noma (Cancrum Oris) and Strategies to Reverse the Trend
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Sulaiman Amidu Omotayo , Taiwo Abdulrazaq Olanrewaju , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Ibikunle Adebayo Aremu , Bello Abubakar Abdullahi , Abdulazeez Shafiu Isah , Olayemi Lukman Adeniran , Jaafar Rufai , Kaura Abubakar Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Noma is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries with dire far-reaching consequences on the precarious health system and socioeconomic situation of the vulnerable population of the region.

Aim:
This study aimed to describe the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of noma patients and proffer workable strategies to check the trend.

Materials and Methods:
Relevant clinical data of the subjects such as demographics, socioeconomic factors, clinical outcome, and length of hospital stay were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results:
A total of 178 case records of patients managed with noma were included and there were 76 (42.7%) males and 102 (57.3%) females. The age range of the study subjects was 1-33 years with mean±SD of 6.23±4.63. The majority of the subjects 172 (96.6%) were from rural communities, farming 126 (70.8%) was the main source of income of the study subjects. All the subjects were from poor households with low socioeconomic status and most of the subjects 175 (8.3%) were not enrolled in formal education. Measles 81 (45.5%) and malnutrition 78 (43.8%) were the most common risk factors identified. Good clinical outcome was recorded with 23 days average length of hospital stay.

Conclusion:
Demographic and socioeconomic determinants play a crucial role in the occurrence of noma and attention to vulnerable age groups by removing health inequities, fair distribution of resources, and poverty alleviation and improving the living conditions of the affected people would lead to the eradication of the scourge.
Effect of HIV-Integrated Care on Uptake of Maternal Health and Routine Childhood Immunization Services at Primary Health Care Facility in Northern Nigeria: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Lawan Umar Muhammad , Akparibo Robert 
Published: July 2024

Background:
This study assessed the effect of HIV-integrated care delivered within routine primary health care (PHC) in Kano, Nigeria, on the uptake of maternal health and routine childhood immunization services.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort design was used to review and collect anonymized data from medical records of women and children who accessed health care from the PHC facility between January 2009 and December 2016. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) was performed to estimate changes in maternal and childhood immunization service usage over time following the delivery of the integrated care.

Results:
Uptake of maternal health services increased over time: antenatal care attendance (effect/month [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 6.6 [44.55–8.65], P = 0.0001), family planning (effect/month [95% CI]: 1.3 [0.26–2.26], P = 0.014), and delivery (effect/month [95% CI]: 0.9 [0.39–1.45], P = 0.0009). Uptake of routine immunization also increased over time with the integrated care: Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) (Effect/month [95% CI]: 1.8 [0.64–2.88], P = 0.002), and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis 1 (DPT1)/Penta 1 vaccinations (Effect/month [95% CI]: 1.0 [0.20–1.73], P = 0.013) also showed a moderate increase over time, but DPT3/Penta 3 vaccination dropped gradually over time (Effect/month [95% CI]: −0.1 [−0.74–0.46], P = 0.649).

Conclusion:
The integrated care resulted in increased uptake of both maternal health and childhood routine immunization services. This suggests that the reorganization and restructuring of the HIV-integrated care in the Kumbotso Comprehensive Health Centre has had a positive impact on non-HIV services provided at the center. There are still opportunities for further research to refine and elaborate on the novel findings of this study.
Intimate Partner Violence among Antenatal Women of Rural Area: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Patel Sunita , Lilhare Anant Kumar , Yadav Kuldeep Singh , Dhakar Jagmohan Singh 
Published: July 2024

Background:
“Domestic violence” is defined as “a pattern of behavior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner.” Intimate partner violence during the phase of pregnancy enhances the risk of abortion, preterm birth, low birth weight babies, and intrauterine death.

Aim & Objective:
To assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence among antenatal women and its association with various sociodemographic and obstetric factors.

Materials & Method:
This was a cross sectional community based study which was carried out in the rural area of district Jabalpur (M. P.) among 230 pregnant women for period of 1 year (March 2021–February 2022) Intimate partner violence was assessed by using HURT, INSULT, THREATEN, and SCREAM scale.

Results:
Prevalence of intimate partner violence was 29 (12.6%) among antenatal women. Strong correlation was found between age of respondents with intimate partner violence (P = 0.026). Physically hurt, insult or talk down, threaten with physical harm, and scream or curse were reported by 29.6%, 51.3%, 33.9%, and 54.8% antenatal women, respectively.

Conclusion:
Health care workers at ground level are most important personnel to screen out antenatal women for intimate partner violence due to multiple contacts during the course of pregnancy and it should be included in routine antenatal care.
Knowledge and Attitude of Homeopathy Doctors Attending the Modern Pharmacology Bridge Course toward Psychiatry – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saka Deepti , Ransing Ramdas , Nanaware Sagar Subhash , Pevekar Krishna , Padma Kumari 
Published: July 2024

Aim:
The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of homeopathy doctors attending modern pharmacology course toward psychiatry. This is the first ever course approved by the state government of Maharashtra in India for registered homeopathy practitioners. We have considered them as our study group because they work at a grassroots level and are the first level of contact between the individual and the health system.

Methodology:
One hundred subjects were included in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge and attitude toward psychiatry. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.

Results:
Of the 48 participants included in the study, most belonged to ages 44–53 years, with 83.4% of males. All had completed a degree before 2000 AD with about 50% of the sample having completed a bachelor’s degree. Of these, 74.5% had more than 20 years of homeopathic practice. Based on the Attitudes Toward Psychiatry-30 questionnaire, majority of the sample had a negative attitude toward psychiatry.

Conclusion:
Most of the traditional homeopathy doctors carry a negative or neutral attitude toward the field of psychiatry and its therapeutic interventions.
Trevor’s Disease Managed by Epiphyseal Osteotomy and Excision: Novel Surgical Technique
Authors: Regmi Anil , Garg Varun , Gowda Rohan , Maheshwari Vikas K. , Sharma Cury , Singh Vivek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA number of treatment options for Trevor’s disease based on the patient’s symptoms have been mentioned in the literature. An epiphyseal osteotomy, however, has not yet been covered in any publication report. We report a rare case of Trevor’s illness affecting the fifth metatarsal head, presenting as a painless fifth toe valgus deformity. At 1-year follow-up, treatment options such as osteochondroma excision and medial closing wedge epiphyseal osteotomy produced satisfactory clinical and radiological results. Trevor’s disease can be safely managed with the aforementioned approach, although it does require follow-up until the patient reaches the age of fusion of the epiphysis.
Outcome of Pediatric Comminuted Open Supracondylar Humerus Fracture
Authors: Kaganur Raghavendra , Regmi Anil , Paul Nirvin , Niraula Bishwa Bandhu , Sarkar Bhaskar , Singh Vivek , Maheshwari Vikas , Azam Quamar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Supracondylar humerus fracture is the most common fracture around the elbow in children. Closed fractures of the supracondylar humerus are ostensibly more common compared to open injuries. Though closed reduction and pinning are often feasible for Gustilo Anderson Grade 1 open fractures, surgical debridement followed by open reduction and pinning or JESS fixator application may often be required in open supracondylar humerus fractures with higher Gustilo Anderson grades.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted from 2018 to 2022 on children with open comminuted supracondylar humerus fractures. Open fractures were classified as per Gustilo Anderson’s classification, and fracture patterns were described as per modified Gartland’s and AO classifications. All patients were treated with closed or open-assisted reduction and fixation. Children were reviewed at the third/fourth and eighth weeks and later at 6 months and one year for the cosmetic and functional outcome assessment by Flynn criteria. Orthogonal elbow radiographs were obtained to assess radiographic parameters at each visit, including the final follow-up.

Result:
Six children with a mean age of 8.3 years (3–12 years) were treated during the study period. One child had grade 3A, two had grade 2, and three had grade 1 open fractures, according to Gustilo Anderson’s classification. The mean duration from injury to presentation was 36.3 h. The mean time from presentation to surgery was 3.3 h (1–5 h). The mean follow-up period was 9.6 months (6–12 months). Four children had excellent outcomes, whereas one child each had fair and poor results according to Flynn’s functional outcome criteria.

Conclusion:
Children with comminuted open supracondylar humerus fractures with an unusual mechanism of injury and presenting early since injury had better functional outcomes on follow-up as compared to children presenting late, with associated complications undergoing the same.
Nutrition optimisation of young tuberculosis patient with poor oral intake
Authors: Khairi Amir Imran Bin Mohd , Abdul Hamid Haslina Binti 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
A 19-year-old female teenager, Chinese, admitted to medical ward on 30 April 2023 with the reason of admission of recurrent disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and presented with fever (2/12), cough (3/7), loose stool (1/12), shortness of breath (6/12), lethargy (2/52) and poor oral intake. She had underlying diseases of hypochromic microcytic anemia anaemia 2° iron-deficiency anaemia and folate deficiency, severe hypoalbuminaemia, hospital-acquired pneumonia due to Pseudomonas infection and persistent fever despite being on anti-TB medication. In this case, the patient had already been referred to a dietitian, but a follow-up was needed as she had a loss of appetite and inadequate oral nutrition for a few days. Her calculated body mass index is 16.1 kg/m2 (underweight) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) was rated with Grade B (mild-moderate malnutrition) with a history of severe weight loss for the past 1 month. The biochemical data showed abnormal readings of renal profile, albumin and haemoglobin levels.
Analysis of the physical morphology and athletic performance of local and naturalised players in the Chinese Super League
Authors: Feng Liangzhu , Gao Zhendong , Liu Yutong 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The integration of naturalized players in Chinese soccer since 2019 has sparked significant debate, with mixed results raising questions about the effectiveness of this policy in improving the national team’s performance.

Objectives:
This study aims to analyze the differences in physical morphology and athletic performance between local and naturalized players in the Chinese Super League to assess the impact of naturalization on the national team’s competitiveness.

Methods:
Utilizing the AMISCO computerized tracking system, we collected and analyzed data from 561 matches spanning the 2019-2021 seasons. Employing mixed linear models, we examined the variance in key physical morphology and performance-related variables, with standardized differences assessed through Magnitude-Based Inference (MBI).

Results:
Our findings indicate modest but significant differences in physical morphology between local and naturalized defenders (P < 0.05, -0.32 < ES < -0.42). Performance-wise, naturalized defenders outperformed local counterparts in both technical and tactical aspects and demonstrated superior high-intensity running capabilities. Similarly, naturalized midfielders showed a slight edge over local midfielders in technical, tactical, and running proficiency. Conversely, local forwards exhibited marginally better technical and tactical performance compared to their naturalized counterparts, albeit with minimal differences in running ability.

Conclusion:
This study reveals that while naturalized players demonstrate certain advantages in physical morphology and athletic performance compared to local players in the Chinese Super League, these advantages are not consistent across all positions.
Posterior medial canthal thermoplasty in facial palsy: A simplified technique
Authors: Pallavi M. P. , Tara V. Shruthi , Rambhatla Saptagirish 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe a new, simple, quick, reproducible, and minimally invasive surgical technique for medial canthal tendon (MCT) dehiscence and deformity in patients with facial palsy.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 10 patients having medial ectropion and MCT laxity in patients with facial palsy was included in the study. All patients underwent the simplified technique of posterior medial canthal thermoplasty and anchorage with 6/0 Vicryl. Ancillary procedures such as lateral tarsal strip, lower lid spacer, suborbicularis oculi fat lift, upper lid blepharotomy, and mullerectomy were also performed where warranted as a holistic treatment approach.

Results:
The study cohort included 10 patients. All patients had satisfactory outcomes concerning medial canthus position and lid-to-globe apposition. 9/10 patients had satisfactory punctum alignment.

Conclusions:
This technique is a safe alternate and reproducible procedure compared to the conventional open technique of anchoring the lid to the posterior lacrimal crest which is a challenging procedure even in experienced hands.