bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Retention Challenge—Should We Include Parents?
Authors: Cartmell Brandy Mallory 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUniversity campuses continue to see an increase in the number of helicopter parents, those parents who are hovering about the campus, ready to swoop down and rescue their children at the first sign of distress (Cartmell and McCullough 2014). Retention personnel on campus questioned whether it would be possible to develop initiatives that would intentionally guide parents in ways that help increase freshman retention rates. Research has been done and shown that students’ parents can serve as a safety net for their freshmen, increasing the students’ willingness to take on greater academic and social challenges (Kalsner and Pistole 2003). The difficulty for college campuses is how to capitalize on the untapped resource and determine whether it aids in greater retention and success of freshman students.Attachment theory is the basis for an innovative retention initiative that was developed at The University of Tennessee at Martin, which seeks to provide a landing pad for helicopter parents who want to be involved during their students’ first year. Incoming freshman parents are encouraged to take advantage of an online parent portal that contains academic resources and information about their child's college performance. The information provided on the portal is intended to help parents begin conversations with their students about how to succeed in the college arena. To measure the effectiveness of the initiative, a sample of 300 first‐time, full‐time freshmen from the fall 2012 entering freshman class was analyzed. Data were evaluated looking for student retention differences, as well as differences in the end‐of‐first‐year grade point averages. Correlations were found between parent involvement and freshman retention, as well as grade point averages. Interestingly, the research also showed that there appears to be a point of diminishing returns associated to the amount of parental involvement.
Recent Advances in Biocatalytic Promiscuity: Hydrolase‐Catalyzed Reactions for Nonconventional Transformations
Authors: López‐Iglesias María , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEnzymes have emerged in recent decades as ideal catalysts for synthetic transformations under mild reaction conditions. Their capacity to accelerate a myriad of biotransformations with high levels of selectivity and broad substrate specificity including excellent atom economy has led to a current full recognition. The six classes of enzymes (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases) possess outstanding abilities to perform specific modifications in target molecules. Nevertheless, in the last fifteen years, novel examples have appeared related to nonconventional processes catalyzed by various classes of biocatalysts. Amongst these, hydrolases have received special attention since they display remarkable activities in initially unexpected reactions such as carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond‐formation reactions, oxidative processes and novel hydrolytic transformations. In this review, the main findings in this area will be disclosed, highlighting the catalytic properties of hydrolases not only to catalyze single processes but also multicomponent and tandem nonconventional reactions.
An evaluation of the predictive accuracy of wake effects models for offshore wind farms
Authors: Walker Keith , Adams Neil , Gribben Brian , Gellatly Breanne , Nygaard Nicolai Gayle , Henderson Andrew , Marchante Jimémez Miriam , Schmidt Sarah Ruth , Rodriguez Ruiz Javier , Paredes Daniel , Harrington Gemma , Connell Niall , Peronne Oliver , Cordoba Miguel , Housley Paul , Cussons Robert , Håkansson Måns , Knauer Andreas , Maguire Eoghan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWake losses are perceived as one of the largest uncertainties in energy production estimates (EPEs) for new offshore wind projects. In recent years, significant effort has been invested to improve the accuracy of wake models. However, it is still common for a standard wake loss uncertainty of 50% to be assumed in EPEs for new offshore wind farms.This paper presents a body of evidence to support reducing that assumed uncertainty. It benchmarks the performance of four commonly used wake models against production data from five offshore wind farms. Three levels of evidence are presented to substantiate the performance of the models:

Case studies, i.e. efficiencies of specific turbines under specific wind conditions;
Array efficiencies for the wind farm as a whole for relatively large bins of wind speed and direction; and
Validation wake loss, which corresponds to the overall wake loss within the proportion of the annual energy production where validation is possible.
The most important result for predicting annual energy production is the validation wake loss. The other levels of evidence demonstrate that this result is not unduly reliant on cancellation of errors between wind speed and/or wind direction bins.All of the root‐mean‐squared errors in validation wake loss are substantially lower than the 50% uncertainty commonly assumed in EPEs; indeed, even the maximum errors are below 25%. It is therefore concluded that there is a good body of evidence to support reducing this assumed uncertainty substantially, to a proposed level of 25%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct adaptive torque control for maximizing the power captured by wind turbine in partial loading condition
Authors: Magar Kaman Thapa , Balas Mark J. , Frost Susan A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a direct adaptive control approach is used to track the tip speed ratio (TSR) of wind turbine to maximize the power captured during the below rated wind speed operation. Assuming a known optimum value of TSR, the deviation of actual TSR from the optimum one is mathematically expressed as TSR tracking error. Since the actual TSR is not a measurable quantity, this expression for TSR tracking error is linearized and simplified to express it in terms of wind speed and rotor speed, where rotor speed can easily be measured. Although it is possible to measure the wind speed with high accuracy using LiDAR, using it raises the overall cost of wind turbine installation; hence, a method to estimate the wind speed is also proposed. The adaptive controller operates on this simplified TSR tracking error to drive it to zero and to keep the TSR constant at desired optimum value. The performance of the proposed control scheme is illustrated by implementing and simulating it in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5MW wind turbine model and comparing the results with the existing baseline fixed gain controller. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver Resection for Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Cost‐Utility Analysis
Authors: Cillo Umberto , Spolverato Gaya , Vitale Alessandro , Ejaz Aslam , Lonardi Sara , Cosgrove David , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundData on cost‐effectiveness and efficacy of hepatic resection (HR) for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are lacking. We sought to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of upfront HR resulting in an R1 resection (strategy A) relative to initial systemic chemotherapy (sCT) followed by possible curative HR (strategy B) for patients with advanced ICC.MethodsA Markov model was developed using data from a systematic literature review. Three base cases were considered: (1) ICC >6 cm (2) ICC with vascular invasion (3) multi‐focal ICC. A Monte Carlo simulation assessed outcomes including quality‐adjusted life months (QALMs) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER).ResultsThe net health benefit (NHB) of strategy A versus strategy B was 1.4 QALMs for ICC >6 cm and 1.3 QALMs for ICC and vascular invasion; in contrast, there was a negative NHB for HR versus sCT for multi‐focal ICC (−0.3 QALMs). In single nodule ICC >6 cm, the ICER of HR versus sCT was $22,482/quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) and the ICER of HR versus sCT was $20,953/QALY for ICC with vascular invasion. In multi‐focal ICC, the ICER of HR compared with sCT was $83,604/QALY. Patients with a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (coefficient 0.94), male sex (coefficient 0.43), low quality of life after sCT (coefficient −2.57) and T3 tumors (coefficient 0.53) had a better NHB for HR relative to sCT followed by potential surgery.ConclusionsFor patients with large ICC or ICC and vascular invasion, HR was more cost‐effective than sCT. In contrast, HR was not associated with a positive NHB relative to sCT for patients with multi‐focal ICC, and therefore these patients should be treated with sCT rather than HR.
Hepatectomy Offers Superior Survival Compared with Non‐surgical Treatment for ≤3 Metastatic Tumors with Diameters <3 cm from Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ohkura Yu , Shinohara Hisashi , Haruta Shusuke , Ueno Masaki , Hashimoto Masaji , Sakai Yoshiharu , Udagawa Harushi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundA consensus has almost been reached in favor of hepatic resection for colorectal cancer metastases. It remains unclear whether resection of gastric cancer metastases in the liver is justified. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival benefit of surgical resection for gastric cancer metastases confined to the liver.MethodsWe reviewed the clinicopathological features and outcome of 107 patients with liver metastases without other non‐curative factors from the case records of 5437 gastric cancer patients. These subjects included 34 synchronous cases with tumors present at the time of gastrectomy and 73 metachronous cases with new lesions that appeared after radical gastrectomy.ResultsHepatectomies were performed in nine synchronous and four metachronous cases that had ≤3 tumors with diameters <3 cm. The overall survival rates after hepatectomy were significantly higher than those in eligible candidates who did not receive hepatectomy despite having comparable metastatic status (synchronous, n = 8, p = 0.009; metachronous, n = 24, p = 0.016). The survival rate of patients who underwent hepatectomy for synchronous metastases was not inferior to that of patients who underwent hepatectomy for metachronous metastases. The median disease‐free interval in metachronous cases was significantly shorter in patients who did not undergo resection than those who underwent resection. However, multivariate analyses revealed that hepatectomy was the only significant (p = 0.001) prognostic factor whereas DFI was not.ConclusionsHepatectomy for ≤3 metastatic tumors with diameters <3 cm offered superior survival compared with non‐surgical treatment even for metastases detected synchronously or within a short period after radical gastrectomy.
The Role of Natural Support Systems in the Post‐deployment Adjustment of Active Duty Military Personnel
Authors: Welsh Janet A. , Olson Jonathan , Perkins Daniel F. , Travis Wendy J. , Ormsby LaJuana 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study examined the relations among three different types of naturally occurring social support (from romantic partners, friends and neighbors, and unit leaders) and three indices of service member well‐being (self reports of depressive symptoms, satisfaction with military life, and perceptions of unit readiness) for service members who did and did not report negative experiences associated with military deployment. Data were drawn from the 2011 Community Assessment completed anonymously by more than 63,000 USAF personnel. Regression analyses revealed that higher levels of social support was associated with better outcomes regardless of negative deployment experiences. Evidence of moderation was also noted, with all forms of social support moderating the impact of negative deployment experiences on depressive symptoms and support from unit leaders moderating the impact of negative deployment experience on satisfaction with military life. No moderation was found for perceptions of unit readiness. Subgroup analyses revealed slightly different patterns for male and female service members, with support providing fewer moderation effects for women. These findings may have value for military leaders and mental health professionals working to harness the power of naturally occurring relationships to maximize the positive adjustment of service members and their families. Implications for practices related to re‐integration of post‐deployment military personnel are discussed.
Planning for Sustainability of an Evidence‐Based Mental Health Promotion Program in Canadian Elementary Schools
Authors: Leadbeater Bonnie J. , Gladstone Emilie J. , Sukhawathanakul Paweena 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSubstantial research illuminates many factors effecting the implementation of evidence‐based mental health promotion programs in schools; however, research on how schools plan for sustaining their investments in these programs is limited. In this qualitative study, we elicited descriptions of opportunities and challenges for sustainability. We interviewed 24 individuals from schools involved in a longitudinal, qualitative research project that followed uptake and implementation of the evidence‐based WITS Programs across 2 years (Leadbeater et al. 2012). WITS stands for Walk away, Ignore, Talk it out and Seek help and the online WITS Programs focus on preventing peer victimization (www.witsprograms.ca). Our findings suggest that sustainability planning in schools is not merely a next step following high quality implementation, but rather involves multiple ongoing processes that need to be anticipated and supported by school leadership and program champions and developers in order to realize investments in evidence‐based programs.
Lorazepam v. diazepam for pediatric status epilepticus
Authors: Pinto Rovina Fiona , Turnbull Jennifer 
Published: July 2015

Clinical questionIs intravenous (IV) lorazepam superior to IV diazepam in the treatment of pediatric status epilepticus?Article chosenChamberlain JM, Okada P, Holsti M, et al. Lorazepam v. diazepam for pediatric status epilepticus: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;311(16):1652-60.ObjectiveTo determine whether lorazepam has better efficacy and safety than diazepam for treating pediatric status epilepticus.
Using Professional Organizations to Prepare the Behavioral Health Workforce to Respond to the Needs of Pediatric Populations Impacted by Health-Related Disasters: Guiding Principles and Challenges
Authors: Sprang Ginny , Silman Miriam 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBehavioral health professional organizations are in the unique role of aggregating and disseminating information to their membership before, during, and after health-related disasters to promote the integration of behavioral health services into the public health disaster response plan. This article provides a set of 5 principles to direct this undertaking that are based on the current literature and previous evaluation of the online guidance provided by 6 prominent behavioral health professional organizations. These principles use a strengths-based approach to prioritize resilience; underscore the importance of context, collaboration, and coordination; recognize the unique needs of pediatric populations; and guide ongoing training and content development in the area of biopsychosocial responses to health-related disasters. Recognizing important innovations and strides made by the behavioral health organizations noted in a previous study, this article recommends additional areas in which behavioral health professional organizations can contribute to overall pandemic disaster preparedness and response efforts. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:642–649)
Systematic errors of skin-friction measurements by oil-film interferometry
Authors: Segalini Antonio , Rüedi Jean-Daniel , Monkewitz Peter A. 
Published: July 2015

In recent years, the independent measurement of wall shear stress with oil-film or oil-drop interferometry has become a cornerstone of turbulent-boundary-layer research as many arguments depend critically on a precise knowledge of the skin friction ${\it\tau}_{w}^{\ast }$. To our knowledge, all practitioners of oil-drop interferometry have so far used the leading-order similarity solution for asymptotically thin, wedge-shaped, two-dimensional oil films established by Tanner & Blows (J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., vol. 9, 1976, pp. 194–202) to relate the evolution of drop thickness to ${\it\tau}_{w}^{\ast }$. It is generally believed that this procedure, if carefully implemented, yields the true time-averaged ${\it\tau}_{w}^{\ast }$ within $\pm 1\,\%$ or possibly better, but the systematic errors due to the finite thickness of the oil film have never been determined. They are analysed here for oil films with a thickness of the order of a viscous unit in a zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer. Neglecting spanwise surface curvature and surface tension effects, corrections due to the secondary air boundary layer above the oil film are derived with a linearised triple-layer approach that accounts for the turbulent shear-stress perturbation by means of modified van-Driest-type closure models. In addition, the correction due to processing oil drops with a slight streamwise surface curvature as if they were exact wedges is quantified. Both corrections are evaluated for oil-drop interferograms acquired in a zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer at a Reynolds number of around 3500, based on displacement thickness, and are shown to produce a reduction of the friction velocity relative to the basic Tanner and Blows theory of between $-0.1\,\%$ and $-1.5\,\%$, depending on the mixing-length model. Despite the uncertainty about the true correction, the analysis allows the formulation of some guidelines on where and when to analyse interference fringes in order to minimise the error on the measured wall shear stress.
Scaling of detonation velocity in cylinder and slab geometries for ideal, insensitive and non-ideal explosives
Authors: Jackson Scott I. , Short Mark 
Published: July 2015

Experiments were conducted to characterize the detonation phase-velocity dependence on charge thickness for two-dimensional detonation in condensed-phase explosive slabs of PBX 9501, PBX 9502 and ANFO. In combination with previous diameter-effect measurements from a cylindrical rate-stick geometry, these data permit examination of the relative scaling of detonation phase velocity between axisymmetric and two-dimensional detonation. We find that the ratio of cylinder radius ($R$) to slab thickness ($T$) at each detonation phase velocity ($D_{0}$) is such that$R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})<1$. The variation in the$R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$scaling is investigated with two detonation shock dynamics (DSD) models: a lower-order model relates the normal detonation velocity to local shock curvature, while a higher-order model includes the effect of front acceleration and transverse flow. The experimentally observed$R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$(${<}1$) scaling behaviour for PBX 9501 and PBX 9502 is captured by the lower-order DSD theory, revealing that the variation in the scale factor is due to a difference in the slab and axisymmetric components of the curvature along the shock in the cylindrical geometry. The higher-order DSD theory is required to capture the observed$R(D_{0})/T(D_{0})$(${<}1$) scaling behaviour for ANFO. An asymptotic analysis of the lower-order DSD formulation describes the geometric scaling of the detonation phase velocity between the cylinder and slab geometries as the detonation phase velocity approaches the Chapman–Jouguet value.
On the interaction of a planar shock with an polygon
Authors: Luo Xisheng , Wang Minghu , Si Ting , Zhai Zhigang 
Published: July 2015

The interaction of a planar shock wave ($M\approx 1.2$) with an $\text{SF}_{6}$ polygonal inhomogeneity surrounded by air is experimentally investigated. Six polygons including a square, two types of rectangle, two types of triangle, and a diamond are generated by the soap film technique developed in our previous work, in which thin pins are used as angular vertexes to avoid the pressure singularities caused by the surface tension. The evolutions of the shock-accelerated $\text{SF}_{6}$ polygons are captured by a high-speed schlieren system from which wave systems and the interface characteristics can be clearly identified. Both regular and irregular refraction phenomena are observed outside the volume, and more complex wave patterns, including transmitted shock, refracted shock, Mach stem and the interactions between them, are found inside the volume. Two typical irregular refraction phenomena (free precursor refraction, FPR, and free precursor von Neumann refraction, FNR) are observed and analysed, and the transition from FPR to FNR is found, providing the experimental evidence for the transition between different wave patterns numerically found in the literature. Combined with our previous work (Zhai et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 757, 2014, pp. 800–816), the reciprocal transitions between FPR and FNR are experimentally confirmed. The velocities and trajectories of the triple points are further measured and it is found that the motions of the triple points are self-similar or pseudo-stationary. Besides the shock dynamics phenomena, the evolutions of these shocked heavy polygonal volumes, which are quite different from the light ones, are captured and found to be closely related to their initial shapes. Specifically, for square and rectangular geometries, the different width–height ratios result in different behaviours of shock–shock interaction inside the volume, and subsequently different features for the outward jet and the interface. Quantitatively, the time-variations of the interface scales, such as the width and the normalized displacements of the edges, are obtained and compared with those from previous work. The comparison illustrates the superiority of the interface formation method and the significant effect of the initial interface shape on the interface features. Furthermore, the characteristics of the vortex core, including the velocity and vortex spacing, are experimentally measured, and the vortex velocity is compared with those from some circulation models to check the validity of the models. The results in the present work enrich understanding of the shock refraction phenomenon and the database of research into Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI).
ON A QUESTION OF BOURAS CONCERNING WEAK COMPACTNESS OF ALMOST DUNFORD–PETTIS SETS
Authors: CHEN JIN XI , LI LEI 
Published: July 2015

We give a positive answer to the question of Bouras [‘Almost Dunford–Pettis sets in Banach lattices’, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo (2) 62 (2013), 227–236] concerning weak compactness of almost Dunford–Pettis sets in Banach lattices. That is, every almost Dunford–Pettis set in a Banach lattice $E$ is relatively weakly compact if and only if $E$ is a $\mathit{KB}$-space.