bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zn isotope fractionation in a pristine larch forest on permafrost-dominated soils in Central Siberia
Authors: Viers Jerome , Prokushkin Anatoly S , Pokrovsky Oleg S , Kirdyanov Alexander V , Zouiten Cyril , Chmeleff Jerome , Meheut Merlin , Chabaux Francois , Oliva Priscia , Dupré Bernard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStable Zn isotopes fractionation was studied in main biogeochemical compartments of a pristine larch forest of Central Siberia developed over continuous permafrost basalt rocks. Two north- and south-oriented watershed slopes having distinctly different vegetation biomass and active layer depth were used as natural proxy for predicting possible future climate changes occurring in this region. In addition, peat bog zone exhibiting totally different vegetation, hydrology and soil temperature regime has been studied.The isotopic composition of soil profile from Central Siberia is rather constant with a δ66Zn value around 0.2‰ close to the value of various basalts. Zn isotopic composition in mosses (Sphagnum fuscum and Pleurozium schreberi) exhibits differences between surface layers presenting values from 0.14 to 0.2‰ and bottom layers presenting significantly higher values (0.5 – 0.7‰) than the underlain mineral surface. The humification of both dead moss and larch needles leads to retain the fraction where Zn bound most strongly thus releasing the lighter isotopes in solution and preserving the heavy isotopes in the humification products, in general accord with previous experimental and modeling works [GCA 75:7632–7643, 2011].The larch(Larix gmelinii) from North and South-facing slopes is enriched in heavy isotopes compared to soil reservoir while larch from Sphagnum peatbog is enriched in light isotopes. This difference may result from stronger complexation of Zn by organic ligands and humification products in the peat bog compared to mineral surfaces in North- and South-facing slope.During the course of the growing period, Zn followed the behavior of macronutrients with a decrease of concentration from June to September. During this period, an enrichment of larch needles by heavier Zn isotopes is observed in the various habitats. We suggest that the increase of the depth of rooting zone, and the decrease of DOC and Zn concentration in soil solution from the root uptake zone with progressively thawing soil could provoke heavy isotopes to become more available for the larch roots at the end of the vegetative season compared to the beginning of the season, because the decrease of DOC will facilitate the uptake of heavy isotope as it will be less retained in strong organic complexes.
Technological study of the gilded haft-rang tiles of the Imamzadih Ismail mausoleum in Qazvin, Iran
Authors: Mishmastnehi Moslem , Holakooei Parviz 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Gilding decorations on Islamic tiles have been previously studied either historically or technologically. The major emphasis in these studies has always been focused on the use of gold leaf on glazed tiles. The current research has been conducted by electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), portable micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to shed light on a less-known technique of gilding applied on the nineteenth century haft rang glazed tiles of the Imamzadih Ismail mausoleum in Qazvin, Iran.

Results
Our observations showed that the gilding decorations are performed on a blue alkali glaze. Plant ash was suggested to be the source of alkali and cobalt was identified as the colouring agent of the glaze. Moreover, trace amounts of arsenic in the composition of the blue glaze was interpreted to be associated with the colouring agent of the glaze; i.e., cobalt. Furthermore, the gilding decorations were suggested to be achieved by firing gold powder on the pre-fired blue substrate glaze. AFM, SEM and optical microscopy proved that the gold flakes partially penetrated the pre-fired blue substrate glaze.

Conclusions
This paper established a local provenance for the colouring agent of the blue glaze used as a substrate of gilding decorations. In addition, our studies showed that the gilding decorations were achieved by firing gold powder on the pre-fired blue glaze of a nineteenth century Persian haft rang tile.
ICP-OES Monitoring of the Instability of [OsCl6]2− and Evaluation of [OsO2(CN)4]2− as Alternative Standard for Osmium Quantification
Authors: Chiweshe Trevor T , Purcell Walter , Venter Johan A 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A spectrometric method using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for the determination of Os and the stability of (NH4)2[OsCl6] standard was developed. Results obtained from this study showed a gradual decrease in Os recovery in the liquid reference material (RM) within 96 h of having prepared the calibration standards. The instability of the Os standard (NH4)2[OsCl6] resulted in the decrease in Os percentage recoveries. The Os calibration plots shifted (gained or lost sensitivity) after every 24 h. This gain or loss in sensitivity also varied, depending on acid or base used. In acidic medium, the gain in sensitivity of the calibration curves increased from HCl &lt; HBr &lt; HF whilst in the basic medium, the calibration plots decreased in sensitivity from NaOH &lt; KOH &lt; NH4OH. The stable Cs2[OsO2(CN)4] compound was synthesized and evaluated for its suitability as osmium standard and it was determined to be a good alternative standard for Os analysis due to its excellent stability in HCl matrix and at room temperature. The optimum storage conditions for both Os standards (NH4)2[OsCl6] and Cs2[OsO2(CN)4] and the liquid RM analyte solutions were in the acidic medium (HCl), in the dark and at ca. 10 °C.
Key Tertiary Interactions in FMN Riboswitch Aptamers Required for Ligand Binding
Authors: Rode Ambadas B , Endoh Tamaki , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The key tertiary interactions in the riboswitch aptamer that are critical for flavin mononucleotide binding were identified by structure-guided mutations. Binding affinity was reduced significantly (more than 16-fold) after disruption of non-canonical G·G base pair and enhanced moderately (up to 2.1-fold) after mutation in the base triple or T-loop like motif.
An optimal control problem for a system of linear hyperbolic differential equations with constant coefficients
Authors: Guliyev Hamlet F. , Nazarova Vera B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this paper, an optimal control problem
is considered for a system of fourth order hyperbolic equations
with constant coefficients. The gradient of the functional is calculated
and the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality in the form
of an integral inequality are derived.
Isolation of Linoleic Acid from Sambucus williamsii Seed Oil Extracted by High Pressure Fluid and Its Antioxidant, Antiglycemic, Hypolipidemic Activities
Authors: Lv Hui , Chen Shunsheng , Xu Xiaolin , Zhu Manman , Zhao Wenfang , Liu Kewu , Liu Kehai 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Linoleic acid was isolated effectively from Sambucus williamsii (SW) seed oil which was extracted by high-pressure fluid and its biological activities were investigated. Linoleic acid was isolated from the oil by urea inclusion, the yield was 65.81% and the purity was 92.12%. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid. IC50 of DPPH radical scavenging activity of linoleic acid was 61.92 mg/mL. The antiglycemic activity of linoleic acid was evaluated by determining its inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. The results showed that α-glucosidase was inhibited to a certain extent by linoleic acid (1.56–25 mg/mL). In addition, the hypolipidemic activity of linoleic acid was investigated in vivo using hyperlipidemia mice models fed with the linoleic acid at doses of 1, 2, 4 g/kg BW (body weight). The results showed that serum lipid levels were highly significantly (p<0.01) improved, which indicated the hypolipidemic activity of linoleic acid. The linoleic acid extracted from SW seed oil was proved to possess good antioxidant, antiglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in human diets, which may have industrial use.
Crystal structure of (diazido-2,3κ1N)-bis(μ2-azido-2:3κ1N)-((bis(ethane- 1,2-diylbis((1-(2-oxidophenyl)ethyl)amido))-1κ4N,N',O,O':2κ2O,O'- 4κ4N'',N''',O'',O''':3κ2O'',O''')tetracopper(II), C36H36Cu4N16O4
Authors: Liu Yuhai , Li Weihua , Lu Hui , Sun Jianhua 
Published: April 2015

Abstract C36H36Cu4N16O4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.6157(7) Å, b = 10.5256(7) Å, c = 10.7201(7) Å, α = 82.863(1)°, β = 66.780(1)°, γ = 69.949(1)°, V = 936.6 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0272, wRref(F2) = 0.1355, T = 296 K.
Polite appearances: How non-manual features convey politeness in British Sign Language
Authors: Mapson Rachel 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper explores how non-manual features are key to conveyinglinguistic politeness in British Sign Language (BSL). Data were collectedthrough five semi-structured interviews incorporating the elicitation of twospeech acts commonly associated with research on linguistic politeness: requestsand apologies. The data from this exploratory study suggest that nonmanualfeatures (including specific mouth gestures and movements of the headand upper body) are more crucial for linguistic politeness than manual signs.The data indicate a degree of commonality between the features used for politenessin BSL and those previously identified in American Sign Language (Roush1999; Hoza 2001, 2007). While non-manual features convey both linguistic andparalinguistic meaning in signed language (Sandler and Lillo-Martin 2006),their use in politeness highlights the complexity of the interaction betweenthese two functions and illuminates an aspect of politeness frequently overlookedin much research: the use of intonation. Analysis of the use of nonmanualfeatures for politeness also problematizes the categorization of politenessstrategies using existing frameworks developed on spoken languages,such as the internal modifications outlined by Blum-Kulka et al. (1989).
Conventionalized Politeness Structures: Empirical Evidence from Hindi/Urdu
Authors: Kumar Ritesh 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses the results of a survey undertaken to investigate conventionalized politeness structures in Hindi\Urdu, with specific focus on the ability of native speakers to view politeness as a scalar phenomenon across different utterances vis-à-vis each other. The speakers were provided with utterances that encoded systematic differences in lexical choice (High Perso-Arabic\High Sanskritic\neutral native) and construction choice (suggestion\request\subjunctives, etc.), but nevertheless performed the same act so as to be possible to rank on a politeness scale as realizations of the same speech act. The paper focusses on the correlation between High\formal registers and politeness as well as the correlation between different grammatical structures and politeness to argue that linguistic structures are conventionalized for possible politeness effects.
The role of religion in shaping politeness in Moroccan Arabic: The case of the speech act of greeting and its place in intercultural understanding and misunderstanding
Authors: Bouchara Abdelaziz 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates, from a cross-cultural pragmatics framework, the motivations and reasons which induce Moroccans in particular, and Arabs in general, to invoke Qur’anic verses and religious lexicons in their daily politeness discourse. By focusing on the speech act of greeting, this study attempts to show that greetings are ordinary day-to-day events, which often encapsulate a lot of different cultural values that may cause misunderstandings. Based on data collected from natural interaction between Arabs and Germans, Arabs seem inclined to show politeness when greeting one another by using religious vocabulary and giving religious praises. In addition, the use of religion as a politeness strategy appears to function as a way of protecting the self-image of both the speaker and the hearer. Furthermore, the findings of this study also reveal that by resorting to the use of this politeness strategy, Moroccans seem to reflect their firm belief and the importance they attach to the Qur’an and, more especially, to the question of fate and destiny in Islam. As a result, it is not the linguistic expression itself but rather the pragmatic function of the utterance that seems to determine the use and interpretation of politeness strategies in (Moroccan) Arabic.
Cortical Folding of the Primate Brain: An Interdisciplinary Examination of the Genetic Architecture, Modularity, and Evolvability of a Significant Neurological Trait in Pedigreed Baboons (GenusPapio)
Authors: Atkinson Elizabeth G , Rogers Jeffrey , Mahaney Michael C , Cox Laura A , Cheverud James M 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFolding of the primate brain cortex allows for improved neural processing power by increasing cortical surface area for the allocation of neurons. The arrangement of folds (sulci) and ridges (gyri) across the cerebral cortex is thought to reflect the underlying neural network. Gyrification, an adaptive trait with a unique evolutionary history, is affected by genetic factors different from those affecting brain volume. Using a large pedigreed population of ∼1000 Papio baboons, we address critical questions about the genetic architecture of primate brain folding, the interplay between genetics, brain anatomy, development, patterns of cortical–cortical connectivity, and gyrification’s potential for future evolution. Through Mantel testing and cluster analyses, we find that the baboon cortex is quite evolvable, with high integration between the genotype and phenotype. We further find significantly similar partitioning of variation between cortical development, anatomy, and connectivity, supporting the predictions of tension-based models for sulcal development. We identify a significant, moderate degree of genetic control over variation in sulcal length, with gyrus-shape features being more susceptible to environmental effects. Finally, through QTL mapping, we identify novel chromosomal regions affecting variation in brain folding. The most significant QTL contain compelling candidate genes, including gene clusters associated with Williams and Down syndromes. The QTL distribution suggests a complex genetic architecture for gyrification with both polygeny and pleiotropy. Our results provide a solid preliminary characterization of the genetic basis of primate brain folding, a unique and biomedically relevant phenotype with significant implications in primate brain evolution.
Thin Film growth and characterization of Ti doped ZnO by RF/DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Haider M. Baseer , Al-Kuhaili Mohammad F. , Durrani S. M. A. , Singaravelu Venkatesh , Roqan Iman 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThin film Ti doped ZnO (Ti-ZnO) film were grown on sapphire (0001) substrate by RF and DC magnetron sputtering. Films were grown at a substrate temperature of 250 °C with different Ti/Zn concentration. Surface chemical study of the samples was performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the stoichiometry and Ti/Zn ratio for all samples. Surface morphology of the samples were studied by atomic force microscopy. X-ray diffraction was carried out to determine the crystallinity of the film. No secondary phases of TixOy was observed. We observed a slight increase in the lattice constant with the increase in Ti concentration in ZnO. No ferromagnetic signal was observed for any of the samples. However, some samples showed super-paramagnetic phase.
¿Contra sí Mismas? Mujeres Artistas en los Orígenes de la Abstracción
Authors: Faxedas Lluïsa 
Published: April 2015

<p>Este artículo trata sobre las mujeres artistas que se dedicaron al arte abstracto durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Dentro del contexto general de exclusión de las mujeres de la historia del arte en general y del arte moderno en particular, su caso presenta algunas especificidades que se relacionan con la propia naturaleza de la teoría que sustentó los orígenes de la abstracción, y la práctica que se desprendió de la misma. Esta teoría se fundamentaba en un pensamiento dualista en el cual lo femenino representaba lo ‘otro’ a purificar y eliminar, en asociación con lo material, lo sensual, lo corporal y finalmente con lo decorativo. Las mujeres abstractas se encontraron con la contradicción de trabajar en un lenguaje que las excluía radicalmente, lo cual se concretó en grandes dificultades para realizar su obra, y en muchas ocasiones en su retirada al campo de las artes aplicadas, lo que contribuyó a que su aportación fuera minusvalorada. La historiografía feminista del arte, por su parte, tampoco ha prestado una atención específica a estas aportaciones.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Discriminación de Sentidos Basada en Análisis Estadístico de Textos
Authors: Nazar Rogelio 
Published: April 2015

<p> Durante a.os han existido programas que de manera autom.tica obtienen informaci.n acerca de entidades como personas, organizaciones o conceptos científicos a partir de repositorios de texto en formato digital tales como la Web u otras fuentes. Sin embargo, todav.a existe una serie de dificultades que no se han podido resolver, por ejemplo cuando distintas entidades son designadas con un mismo nombre (como el rat.n, que puede ser un dispositivo periférico en computación o bien un mam.fero). El presente artículo propone un método para resolver este problema basado en el análisis de la frecuencia de las palabras que se encuentran en el contexto de aparición de la palabra ambigua. Cada uno de los sentidos de una palabra polisémica se representan mediante los correspondientes grupos de otras unidades léxicas que muestran tendencia a aparecer en el contexto de esta palabra. El interés de esta propuesta reside en que no requiere ning.n tipo de conocimiento externo al corpus, como conocimiento del mundo o de la lengua de los textos.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Génesis del arte minimalista: aportación mexicana
Authors: Estévez Pablo 
Published: April 2015

<p>El artículo aborda las propuestas minimalistas de Mathias Goeritz y Luis Barragán, a partir de 1953; los precursores mexicanos aportaron obra escultórica y arquitectónica para sustentar la vanguardia del <em>minimal art.</em> Los artistas estadounidenses de los años sesenta sistematizaron en parte los hallazgos de los arquitectos mexicanos en la ejecución de sus estructuras mínimas. El texto propone correspondencias plásticas de norteamericanos y mexicanos de raíz minimalista, utilizando el método de análisis comparativo. Por otro lado, los artistas estadunidenses desarrollaron teorías y métodos escultóricos para la tendencia. Así también, se verifica que la producción minimalista mexicana incorporó elementos formales compositivos desarrollados por los norteamericanos. En el texto se afirma que la obra minimalista mexicana se consolidó de forma paralela a la norteamericana, ejemplificándose con fotografías probatorias de creaciones equivalentes que enriquecen la vanguardia. Por último, se plantea la vigencia del ensamblaje minimalista contemporáneo.</p><p> </p>
A dupla face do discurso homoerótico: Caio Fernando Abreu e Pedro Lemebel
Authors: Leal Juliana Helena Gomes 
Published: April 2015

Resumo: A partir do levantamento das especificidades da composição simbólica de alguns textos literários produzidos pelo escritor brasileiro Caio Fernando Abreu, na obra Morangos mofados (2005), e, pelo escritor chileno Pedro Lemebel, no livro Adiós mariquita linda (2006) e em La esquina es mi corazón (1997), este artigo versará sobre a natureza heterogênea e móvel subjacente à construção da discursividade homoerótica. Palavras-chave: Caio Fernando Abreu; Morangos mofados; Pedro Lemebel; Adiós mariquita linda; La esquina es mi corazón; homoerotismo.Resumen: Partiendo del análisis de las especificidades de la composición simbólica de algunos textos literarios producidos por el escritor brasileño Caio Fernando Abreu, en su obra Morangos mofados (2005), y por el escritor chileno Pedro Lemebel, en Adiós mariquita linda (2006) y en La esquina es mi corazón (1997), este artículo tratará de la naturaleza heterogénea y moviente que caracteriza la construcción de la discursividad homoerótica.Palabras-clave: Caio Fernando Abreu; Morangos mofados; Pedro Lemebel; Adiós mariquita linda; La esquina es mi corazón; homoerotismo.Keywords: Caio Fernando Abreu; Morangos mofados; Pedro Lemebel; Adiós mariquita linda; La esquina es mi corazón; homoeroticism.
"Ave, palavra"
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Cláudio Vieira de 
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Análise do livro Ave, palavra, de João Guimarães Rosa, com a indicação de suas características: a metalinguagem, a busca da palavra exata, a experimentação linguística e a descrição poética de seres e paisagens, a intertextualidade, a escrita da poesia, o lirismo e a duplicação do narrador/autor. O volume representa a compilação, feita por Paulo Rónai, de textos de qualidade irregular, que serviriam de matéria prima para que Guimarães Rosa desenvolvesse em outros textos, tal como fez com fragmentos de Magma. Palavras-chave: João Guimarães Rosa; Ave, palavra; metalinguagem.Résumé: Nous nous proposons de faire l’analyse du livre Ave, palavra, de João Guimarães Rosa, en indiquant les caractéristiques que l’on y retrouve: le métalangage, la recherche du mot approprié, l’expérimentation linguistique et la description poétique d’êtres et de paysages, l’intertextualité, l’écriture de la poésie, le lyrisme et la duplication du narrateur/auteur. Ce livre représente la compilation, faite par Paulo Rónai, de textes de qualité irrégulière, qui serviraient de matière première pour ce que Guimarães Rosa développerait dans d’autres textes, comme il l’avait fait avec des fragments de Magma. Mots-clés: João Guimarães Rosa; Ave, palavra; métalangage.Keywords: João Guimarães Rosa; Ave, palavra; metalanguage.
Três artigos sobre a Acadie
Authors: Diniz Dilma Castelo Branco 
Published: April 2015

Resumo: Este trabalho trata de três artigos do historiador francês, Émile Lauvrière, sobre a Acadie, a mais antiga colônia francesa da América do Norte, publicados na Revue de l’Amérique Latine, em 1924. Nos dois primeiros textos, o autor conta a história da colônia, desde sua criação até a expulsão definitiva dos acadianos pelos ingleses e sua dispersão em várias regiões da América. No último artigo, Lauvrière revela a existência de diversos grupos acadianos atuantes no Canadá e nos Estados Unidos e comenta sobre a situação do Canadá – país dividido entre anglófonos e francófonos – propondo uma maior integração entre os países da América Latina. De 1924 até hoje, houve grandes mudanças: os habitantes do Québec têm as mesmas oportunidades e o mesmo nível de vida que os canadenses das outras províncias, e o povo acadiano cultiva e mantém viva sua herança cultural. Palavras-chave: Acadie; Émile Lauvrière; Canadá; Estados Unidos.Résumé: Ce travail porte sur trois articles de l’historien français, Émile Lauvrière, ayant pour sujet l’Acadie, la plus ancienne colonie française de l’Amérique du Nord, publiés dans la Revue de l’Amérique Latine, en 1924. Dans les deux premiers textes, l’auteur raconte l’histoire de la colonie, depuis sa création jusqu’à l’expulsion définitive des Acadiens par les Anglais et leur dispersion dans plusieurs régions de l’Amérique. Dans le dernier article, Lauvrière révèle l’existence de divers groupes d’Acadiens actifs au Canada et aux États-Unis. Il fait également des remarques sur la situation du Canada – pays divisé entre les anglophones et les francophones – et il propose une plus grande intégration entre les pays de l’Amérique latine. De 1924 jusqu’à nos jours, de grands changements se sont opérés: les Québécois jouissent aujourd’hui des mêmes conditions de vie que les Canadiens des autres provinces et le peuple acadien cultive et garde vivant son héritage culturel.Mots-clés: Acadie; Émile Lauvrière; Canada; États-Unis.Keywords: Acadie; Émile Lauvrière; Canada; United States.