bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in upper-extremity tone after lumbar selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Gigante Paul , McDowell Michael M. , Bruce Samuel S. , Chirelstein Genevieve , Chiriboga Claudia A. , Dutkowsky Joseph , Fontana Elizabeth , Hyman Joshua , Kim Heakyung , Morgan Dean , Pearson Toni S. , Roye Benjamin D. , Roye David P. , Ryan Patricia , Vitale Michael , Anderson Richard C. E. 
Published: October 2013

Object
Randomized clinical trials have established that lumbar selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) reduces lower-extremity tone and improves functional outcome in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Significant data exist to support a secondary effect on upper-extremity function in patients with upper-extremity spasticity. The effects of SDR on upper-extremity tone, however, are not well characterized. In this report, the authors sought to assess changes in upper-extremity tone in individual muscle groups after SDR and tried to determine if these changes could be predicted preoperatively.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed 42 children who underwent SDR at Columbia University Medical Center/Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NewYork-Presbyterian between 2005 and 2011. Twenty-five had upper-extremity spasticity. All underwent pre- and postoperative examination for measuring tone (Modified Ashworth Scale) and assessing functional outcome. Follow-up examinations with therapists were performed at least once at a minimum of 2 months postoperatively (mean 15 months).

Results
In the upper extremities, 23 (92%) of 25 patients had improvements of at least 1 Ashworth point in 2 or more independent motor groups on the Modified Ashworth Scale, and 12 (71%) of 17 families surveyed reported increases in motor control or spontaneous movement. The mean Modified Ashworth Scale scores for all upper-extremity muscle groups demonstrated an improvement from 1.34 to 1.22 (p < 0.001). Patients with a mean preoperative upper-extremity tone of 1.25–1.75 were most likely to benefit from reduction in tone (p = 0.0019). Proximal and pronator muscle groups were most likely to demonstrate reduced tone.

Conclusions
In addition to improvements in lower-extremity tone and function, SDR has demonstrable effects on upper extremities. Greater than 90% of our patients with elevated upper-extremity tone demonstrated reduction in tone in at least 2 muscle groups postoperatively. Patients with a mean Modified Ashworth Scale upper-extremity score of 1.25–1.75 may encounter the greatest reduction in upper-extremity tone.
God, Providence and the Future of the Social Sciences
Authors: Bigo Vinca 
Published: October 2013

Résumé On observe une tendance accrue en science économique à favoriser les méthodes formelles, car elles sont selon certains plus « rigoureuses », et (donc) plus « scientifiques » (Lawson 1997; Fullbrook 2004). Mais cela ne va pas de soi. Cette tendance est plutôt préoccupante, pour plusieurs raisons. En effet, l’attribution a priori d’un statut supérieur à une méthode donnée crée un climat anti intellectuel peu favorable au progrès scientifique. Par ailleurs, l’orientation méthodologique en question se propage auprès des autres sciences sociales. Si les questions de méthodologie, bien que centrales pour le bon avancement de la science, sont trop souvent reléguées au domaine de la philosophie des sciences, ceci est l’occasion de pointer à nouveau leur importance. Dans cet article, je propose d’examiner 1) quelles peuvent être les limites de l’usage des méthodes formelles en sciences sociales, d’après les apports du Réalisme Critique et/ou de la Cambridge School , et 2) l’étendue du phénomène méthodologique en question, tenant compte de sa composante dogmatique. Enfin, j’encourage la communauté scientifique à (re)trouver une démarche réflexive en matière de méthodologie, et à constituer des alliances interdisciplinaires visant à préserver la liberté intellectuelle qui sous tend tout progrès scientifique.
Paperwork Versus Patient Care: A Nationwide Survey of Residents' Perceptions of Clinical Documentation Requirements and Patient Care
Authors: Christino Melissa A. , Matson Andrew P. , Fischer Staci A. , Reinert Steven E. , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Fadale Paul D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The current health care system requires a substantial amount of documentation by physicians, potentially limiting time spent on patient care.

Objective
We sought to explore trainees' perceptions of their clinical documentation requirements and the relationship between time spent on clinical documentation versus time available for patient care.

Methods
An anonymous, online survey was sent to trainees in all postgraduate years of training and specialties in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited programs.

Results
Over a 2-month time frame, 1515 trainees in 24 specialties completed the survey. Most (92%) reported that documentation obligations are excessive, that time spent with patients has been compromised by this (90%), and that the amount of clinical documentation has had a negative effect on patient care (73%). Most residents and fellows reported feeling rushed and frustrated because of these documentation demands. They also reported that time spent on these tasks decreased their time available for teaching others and reduced the quality of their education. Respondents reported spending more time on clinical documentation than on direct patient care (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Trainees' current clinical documentation workload may be a barrier to optimal patient care and to resident and fellow education. Residents and fellows report that clinical documentation duties are onerous, and there is a perceived negative effect on time spent with patients, overall quality of patient care, physician well-being, time available for teaching, and quality of resident education.
Connecting Intersectionality and Nepantla to Resist Oppressions: A Feminist Fiction Approach
Authors: Ranft Erin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This essay argues that the black and Chicana feminist theories of Kimberlé Crenshaw and Gloria Anzaldúa, intersectionality and nepantla, respectively, attend to the complicated aspects of women’s identities, yet each also involves unique analyses that interrogate systemic understandings of oppression. I argue for a framework of intersectional nepantla, that is, the merger of these theories into a conjoining theoretical framework to be applied to issues related to the oppressions of US women, particularly women of color. Such merging involves the labor of women’s self-reflection and examination and the difficult task of struggling through the pain and discomfort of internal resistance and oppression to move to this work on collective levels. This individual grappling and interrogation are worthwhile because they entail examinations of white heterosexist patriarchy at the personal and societal levels. An intersectional nepantla analytical lens, connecting the works of two key US feminist theories, creates an internal/personal and external/societal system of examination that leads to the investigation of and resistance toward oppressions for women, particularly women of color. Though I apply this lens to literary productions by black feminist authors, intersectional nepantla is a method of analysis that may expand into various disciplines and areas in order to interrogate the identity-based oppressions of all, but primarily women of color due to their multifaceted identities and histories with race- and gender-based discriminations within white heteropatriarchal US society.
Efficient and Rapid Derivation of Primitive Neural Stem Cells and Generation of Brain Subtype Neurons From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Yan Yiping , Shin Soojung , Jha Balendu Shekhar , Liu Qiuyue , Sheng Jianting , Li Fuhai , Zhan Ming , Davis Janine , Bharti Kapil , Zeng Xianmin , Rao Mahendra , Malik Nasir , Vemuri Mohan C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, are unique cell sources for disease modeling, drug discovery screens, and cell therapy applications. The first step in producing neural lineages from hPSCs is the generation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Current methods of NSC derivation involve the time-consuming, labor-intensive steps of an embryoid body generation or coculture with stromal cell lines that result in low-efficiency derivation of NSCs. In this study, we report a highly efficient serum-free pluripotent stem cell neural induction medium that can induce hPSCs into primitive NSCs (pNSCs) in 7 days, obviating the need for time-consuming, laborious embryoid body generation or rosette picking. The pNSCs expressed the neural stem cell markers Pax6, Sox1, Sox2, and Nestin; were negative for Oct4; could be expanded for multiple passages; and could be differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, in addition to the brain region-specific neuronal subtypes GABAergic, dopaminergic, and motor neurons. Global gene expression of the transcripts of pNSCs was comparable to that of rosette-derived and human fetal-derived NSCs. This work demonstrates an efficient method to generate expandable pNSCs, which can be further differentiated into central nervous system neurons and glia with temporal, spatial, and positional cues of brain regional heterogeneity. This method of pNSC derivation sets the stage for the scalable production of clinically relevant neural cells for cell therapy applications in good manufacturing practice conditions.
Functional Polyamide 6.6 Fiber with N‐Allyliminodiacetic Acid: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: El Bouchti M. , Hannache H. , Cherkaoui O. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe monomer N‐allyliminodiacetic acid (ALD) has been synthesized and grafted onto polyamide 6.6 multifilament yarns to develop metal chelate–forming fiber using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The grafting yield depends on critical parameters, such as the monomer ALD concentration, initiator BPO concentration, pH, temperature, and reaction time. Suitable conditions that give the highest graft yield are reported. The modification occurred on the polyamide 6.6 fibers by grafting is evaluated by several techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2013, 32, 21378; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21378
A model for occupational safety and health intervention diffusion to small businesses
Authors: Sinclair Raymond C. , Cunningham Thomas R. , Schulte Paul A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSmaller businesses differ from their larger counterparts in having higher rates of occupational injuries and illnesses and fewer resources for preventing those losses. Intervention models developed outside the United States have addressed the resource deficiency issue by incorporating intermediary organizations such as trade associations.MethodsThis paper extends previous models by using exchange theory and by borrowing from the diffusion of innovations model. It emphasizes that occupational safety and health (OSH) organizations must understand as much about intermediary organizations as they do about small businesses. OSH organizations (“initiators”) must understand how to position interventions and information to intermediaries as added value to their relationships with small businesses. Examples from experiences in two midwestern states are used to illustrate relationships and types of analyses implied by the extended model.ResultsThe study found that intermediary organizations were highly attuned to providing smaller businesses with what they want, including OSH services. The study also found that there are opinion leader organizations and individual champions within intermediaries who are key to decisions and actions about OSH programming.ConclusionsThe model places more responsibility on both initiators and intermediaries to develop and market interventions that will be valued in the competitive small business environment where the resources required to adopt each new business activity could always be used in other ways. The model is a candidate for empirical validation, and it offers some encouragement that the issue of sustainable OSH assistance to small businesses might be addressed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1442–1451, 2013. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Traffic‐related air pollution and selected birth defects in the San Joaquin Valley of California
Authors: Padula Amy M. , Tager Ira B. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Hammond S. Katharine , Yang Wei , Lurmann Frederick W. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDBirth defects are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest associations between environmental contaminants and some structural anomalies, although evidence is limited and several anomalies have not been investigated previously.METHODSWe used data from the California Center of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and the Children's Health and Air Pollution Study to estimate the odds of 26 congenital birth defect phenotypes with respect to quartiles of seven ambient air pollutant and traffic exposures in California during the first 2 months of pregnancy, 1997 to 2006 (874 cases and 849 controls). We calculated odds ratios (adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, education, and vitamin use; aOR) for 11 phenotypes that had at least 40 cases.RESULTSFew odds ratios had confidence intervals that did not include 1.0. Odds of esophageal atresia were increased for the highest versus lowest of traffic density (aOR = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–7.4) and PM10 exposure (aOR 4.9; 95% CI, 1.4–17.2). PM10 was associated with a decreased risk of hydrocephaly (aOR= 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1–0.9) and CO with decreased risk of anotia/microtia (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.8) and transverse limb deficiency (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2–0.9), again reflecting highest versus lowest quartile comparisons.CONCLUSIONMost analyses showed no substantive association between air pollution and the selected birth defects with few exceptions of mixed results. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:730–735, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement in survival of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: An international collaborative study
Authors: Amit Moran , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Liao Chun‐Ta , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Agarwal Jai Prakash , Kowalski Luiz P. , Ebrahimi Ardalan , Clark Jonathan R. , Kreppel Matthias , Zöller Joachim , Fridman Eran , Bolzoni Villaret A. , Shah Jatin P. , Binenbaum Yoav , Patel Snehal G. , Gil Ziv ,   The International Consortium for Outcome Research (ICOR) in Head and Neck Cancer
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDAn association between the survival of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and advancements in diagnosis and therapy has not been established.METHODSThis was a retrospective, longitudinal, international, population‐based study of 2738 patients who underwent resection of OCSCC during 2 different decades. Characteristics of patients from 7 international cancer centers who received treatment between 1990 and 2000 (group A; n = 735) were compared with patients who received treatment between 2001 and 2011 (group B; n = 2003).RESULTSPatients in group B had more advanced tumors and tended to develop distant metastases more frequently than patients in group A (P = .005). More group B patients underwent selective neck dissection and received adjuvant radiotherapy (P < .001). Outcome analysis revealed a significant improvement in 5‐year overall survival, from 59% for group A to 70% for group B (P < .001). There was also a significant improvement in disease‐specific survival associated with operations performed before and after 2000 (from 69% to 81%, respectively; P < .001). Surgery after 2000, negative margins, adjuvant treatment, and early stage disease were independent predictors of a better outcome in multivariate analysis. The decade of treatment was an independent prognostic factor for cancer‐specific mortality (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.3‐0.6).CONCLUSIONSThe survival rate of patients with OCSCC improved significantly during the past 2 decades despite older age, more advanced disease stage, and a higher rate of distant metastases. The current results suggest that the prognosis for patients with OCSCC has improved over time, presumably because of advances in imaging and therapy. Cancer 2013;119:4242–4248. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Toward GPGPU accelerated human electromechanical cardiac simulations
Authors: Vigueras Guillermo , Roy Ishani , Cookson Andrew , Lee Jack , Smith Nicolas , Nordsletten David 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we look at the acceleration of weakly coupled electromechanics using the graphics processing unit (GPU). Specifically, we port to the GPU a number of components of Heart—a CPU‐based finite element code developed for simulating multi‐physics problems. On the basis of a criterion of computational cost, we implemented on the GPU the ODE and PDE solution steps for the electrophysiology problem and the Jacobian and residual evaluation for the mechanics problem. Performance of the GPU implementation is then compared with single core CPU (SC) execution as well as multi‐core CPU (MC) computations with equivalent theoretical performance. Results show that for a human scale left ventricle mesh, GPU acceleration of the electrophysiology problem provided speedups of 164 × compared with SC and 5.5 times compared with MC for the solution of the ODE model. Speedup of up to 72 × compared with SC and 2.6 × compared with MC was also observed for the PDE solve. Using the same human geometry, the GPU implementation of mechanics residual/Jacobian computation provided speedups of up to 44 × compared with SC and 2.0 × compared with MC. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety study of intravenous cyclophosphamide with an oral casopitant antiemetic regimen in cancer patients
Authors: Adams Laurel M. , Johnson Brendan , Murray Sharon 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCasopitant is a potent and selective neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist formerly under development for a number of indications, including the treatment of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. This study was an open‐label, randomized, multi‐center, two‐period crossover casopitant–cyclophosphamide interaction study. Subjects were cancer patients receiving cyclophosphamide based chemotherapy. The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of 3‐day, repeat‐dose, 150 mg oral casopitant on the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics (white blood cell count) of single‐dose IV cyclophosphamide. PK data from 14 evaluable subjects showed the geometric least‐squares mean ratios (90% CI) for cyclophosphamide and the metabolite 4‐hydroxycyclophosphamide AUC (with:without casopitant) were 1.03 (0.975, 1.09) and 0.948 (0.835, 1.08), respectively. Administration of casopitant was well tolerated and did not impact the safety profile of the treatment regimen. Casopitant did not affect the expected bone marrow toxicity of cyclophosphamide. Co‐administration of 150 mg oral casopitant with single‐dose IV cyclophosphamide did not appear to result in a clinically relevant change in cyclophosphamide or 4‐hydroxycyclophosphamide exposure or safety.
A randomized, double‐blind, multiple‐dose, placebo‐controlled, dose escalation study with a 3‐cohort parallel group design to investigate the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of albaconazole in healthy subjects
Authors: Dietz Albert J. , Barnard Joanna C. , van Rossem Koen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlbaconazole is a triazole antifungal agent discovered at Palau Pharma SA (Barcelona, Spain) and currently being developed for the treatment of fungal infections of the nails. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 1 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and effects on electrocardiogram parameters of albaconazole administered orally at escalating supratherapeutic doses. Healthy subjects received 400 mg albaconazole every 24, 12, or 8 hours for 5 days. Albaconazole was absorbed rapidly (2.5–22.5 hours) after oral administration, reaching a maximal mean peak plasma concentration of 11,993.3 ng/mL (standard deviation [SD], 2,413.85 ng/mL) after 5 days of dosing every 8 hours. Systemic exposure of albaconazole increased proportionally with dose frequency. Albaconazole was safe and well tolerated at all doses administered. No significant changes in ECG intervals or morphology were observed. In none of the three dosing groups was the slope of a study‐specific correction for QT interval (QTcSS) on log plasma concentration statistically different from 0. The results of this study were to be used to inform the design of a thorough QT study using supratherapeutic doses. A dose regimen of 400 mg, every 8 hours for 5 days appears suitable for this purpose.
Adaptive sparse system identification using normalized least mean fourth algorithm
Authors: Gui Guan , Adachi Fumiyiuki 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYNormalized least mean square (NLMS) was considered as one of the classical adaptive system identification algorithms. Because most of systems are often modeled as sparse, sparse NLMS algorithm was also applied to improve identification performance by taking the advantage of system sparsity. However, identification performances of NLMS type algorithms cannot achieve high‐identification performance, especially in low signal‐to‐noise ratio regime. It was well known that least mean fourth (LMF) can achieve high‐identification performance by utilizing fourth‐order identification error updating rather than second‐order. However, the main drawback of LMF is its instability and it cannot be applied to adaptive sparse system identifications. In this paper, we propose a stable sparse normalized LMF algorithm to exploit the sparse structure information to improve identification performance. Its stability is shown to be equivalent to sparse NLMS type algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed normalized LMF algorithm can achieve better identification performance than sparse NLMS one. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.