bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between restorative pre‐clinical activities and musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Corrocher P. A. , Presoto C. D. , Campos J. A. D. B. , Garcia P. P. N. S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of development of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs of undergraduate dentistry students during the execution of pre‐clinical laboratory activities based on gender, type of dental procedure and area of the mouth under treatment.MethodsMale and female undergraduate students in the second year of the Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, were enrolled in this study. Digital photographs were obtained whilst the subjects performed laboratory activities. The working postures adopted by each student were evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The photos were analysed by a calibrated researcher (k = 0.89), and a final risk score was attributed to each analysed procedure (n = 354). Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, and the associations of interest were analysed by the chi‐square test (P = 0.05).ResultsDuring most of the laboratory procedures performed, the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders was high (64.7%; – IC95%: 59.7‐69.7%), with no significant association between the RULA final score and gender (χ2 = 1.100; P = 0.577), type of dental procedure (χ2 = 5.447, P = 0.244) and mouth area treated (χ2=4.150; P = 0.126).ConclusionsThe risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders was high in undergraduate dentistry students; this risk was not related to gender, type of dental procedure and region of the mouth being treated.
Intravenous thrombolysis for patients with reverse magnetic resonance angiography and diffusion‐weighted imaging mismatch: SAMURAI and NCVC rt‐PA Registries
Authors: Sakamoto Y. , Koga M. , Kimura K. , Nagatsuka K. , Okuda S. , Kario K. , Hasegawa Y. , Okada Y. , Yamagami H. , Furui E. , Nakagawara J. , Shiokawa Y. , Okata T. , Kobayashi J. , Tanaka E. , Minematsu K. , Toyoda K. 
Published: November 2013

Background and purposeThe characteristics of reverse magnetic resonance angiography and diffusion‐weighted imaging (MRA‐DWI) mismatch (RMM), defined as a large DWI lesion in the absence of major artery occlusion (MAO), remain unknown, especially in patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA).MethodsPatients with stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory were included. Early ischaemic changes (EIC) were assessed with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score on DWI (DWI‐ASPECTS). All patients were divided into four groups based on the presence of MAO and a DWI‐ASPECTS cut‐off value of <7. RMM was defined as DWI‐ASPECTS <7 without MAO. Clinical characteristics, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 90 days were compared amongst the four groups.ResultsOf the 486 patients enrolled (167 women, median age 74 years, median initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 13), reverse MRA‐DWI mismatch was observed in 24 (5%). Of the clinical characteristics, cardioembolism was the only factor that was independently associated with RMM [odds ratio (OR) 5.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–24.1]. Multivariable analyses revealed that patients with RMM more commonly had sICH than those with DWI‐ASPECTS ≥ 7 irrespective of the presence (OR 5.44, 95% CI 1.13–26.1) or absence (13.1, 2.07–83.3) of MAO, and they had a more favorable functional outcome than those with DWI‐ASPECTS < 7 plus MAO (7.45, 2.39–23.2).ConclusionRMM was observed in 5% of patients treated with rt‐PA and associated with cardioembolism. Patients with RMM may benefit from thrombolysis compared with those with EIC with MAO, although increment in the rate of sICH is a concern.
Effects of low estimated glomerular filtration rate on outcomes after stroke: a hospital‐based stroke registry in China
Authors: Yang J. , Arima H. , Zhou J. , Zhao Y. , Li Q. , Wu G. , Zhang Y. 
Published: November 2013

Background and purposeAs uncertainty persists over the prognostic significance of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in acute stroke, the effects of low eGFR on death/disability amongst participants with acute stroke in China were determined.MethodsNanjing First Hospital stroke registry was a prospective cohort study of stroke patients. Patients with acute stroke (brain infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage) within 7 days of onset were recruited consecutively from 2004 to 2008. Baseline eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Outcomes were death/disability, defined by scores 3–6 on the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days.ResultsA total of 1909 participants were included in the present analyses. Of them, 112 (5.9%) had baseline moderate to severe decrease in eGFR (G3b‐4) and increasing risk of higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. Low eGFR was associated with increasing risk of death/disability at 90 days [G3b‐4, odds ratio 2.58 (95% confidence interval 1.71–3.91); G3a, 1.86 (1.35–2.56); G2, 1.21 (0.96–1.52); P trend <0.001). However, the association was not statistically significant after adjustment for demographic and clinical factors including NIHSS scores.ConclusionsThere were no appreciable effects of low eGFR on death/disability at 90 days independent of other prognostic factors in Chinese patients with acute stroke.
Clinical features and long‐term prognosis of trochlear headaches
Authors: Smith J. H. , Garrity J. A. , Boes C. J. 
Published: November 2013

Background and purposeTrochlear headaches are a recently recognized cause of headache, of which both primary and inflammatory subtypes are recognized. The clinical features, long‐term prognosis and optimal treatment strategy have not been well defined.MethodsA cohort of 25 patients with trochlear headache seen at the Mayo Clinic between 10 July 2007 and 28 June 2012 were identified.ResultsThe diagnosis of trochlear headache was not recognized by the referring neurologist or ophthalmologist in any case. Patients most often presented with a new daily from onset headache (n = 22, 88%). The most characteristic headache syndrome was reported as continuous, achy, periorbital pain associated with photophobia and aggravation by eye movement, especially reading. Individuals with a prior history of migraine were likely to have associated nausea and experience trochlear migraine. Amongst individuals with trochleitis, 5/12 (41.6%) had an identified secondary mechanism. Treatment responses were generally, but not invariably, favorable to dexamethasone/lidocaine injections near the trochlea. At a median follow‐up of 34 months (range 0–68), 10/25 (40%) of the cohort had experienced complete remission.ConclusionsTrochlear headaches are poorly recognized, have characteristic clinical features, and often require serial injections to optimize the treatment outcome. The identification of trochleitis should prompt neuroimaging to look for a secondary cause.
Influence of Male Dominance on Egg Testosterone and Antibacterial Substances in the Egg of Grey Partridges
Authors: Grenna Marco , Avidano Lorena , Malacarne Giorgio , Leboucher Gérard , Cucco Marco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMaternal effects play an important role in mediating reproductive success; the different allocation of resources in eggs is considered a primary maternal effect. In oviparous vertebrates, there are several substances (hormones, immunoglobulins, antioxidants, antibacterial molecules) that females may allocate differentially. Mate choice is a key factor influencing female reproductive decisions and investment in eggs, but it is not clear to what extent the dominance status of the partner can influence the decision to invest differentially in the quality of eggs. In the grey partridge Perdix perdix, we ranked males for their social status after pairwise dominance tests. Then, females were paired experimentally with dominant or subordinate individuals. We measured testosterone, lysozyme and ovotransferrin concentrations in their eggs. Females paired with dominant males laid eggs with higher testosterone concentration, while egg mass, lysozyme and ovotransferrin concentrations did not differ. With regard to testosterone, because this hormone has been shown to elicit beneficial effects in offspring hatching from grey partridge eggs, our results are in line with the differential allocation hypothesis that females paired with high‐quality males should invest more in the current reproductive event.
Do Parents and Helpers Discriminate between Related and Unrelated Nestlings in the Cooperative Breeding Silver‐Throated Tit?
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Zhang Zhengwang , Lv Lei , Gao Chang , Wang Yong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen benefits exceed costs, natural selection may favor adults that develop the ability to recognize and preferentially direct care toward their own offspring to maximize their fitness. Investigations into the ability of adults to recognize offspring in offspring's early development period may help to understand when the ability of kin recognition starts to develop. In birds, studies of offspring recognition have mainly been conducted on bi‐parental breeding species, but relatively seldom on cooperative breeding species, despite that kin recognition may be of particular importance for cooperative breeders. The silver‐throated tit Aegithalos glaucogularis is a small passerine in which some nests have helpers during breeding. We tested whether silver‐throated tit parents and helpers were able to distinguish between their own and alien nestlings 2–5 d before fledging when recognition mechanisms were likely to have been developed. Through two forced choice experiments, of which one was conducted right beside the experimental nests (<0.8 m) and the other far away from the experimental nests (~6 m), we found that neither parents nor helpers discriminatively fed their own and alien nestlings, which suggested that at least during the experimental nestling age, and within the 6‐m‐radius area around the nests, they might not have the ability to recognize offspring. The possibility that silver‐throated tits use a larger area (>6 m radius) around their nests as a location‐based cue for offspring recognition, or would develop an offspring recognition ability at an older nestling age and/or even after fledging, warrants future studies.
Climate warming and Bergmann's rule through time: is there any evidence?
Authors: Teplitsky Celine , Millien Virginie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractClimate change is expected to induce many ecological and evolutionary changes. Among these is the hypothesis that climate warming will cause a reduction in body size. This hypothesis stems from Bergmann's rule, a trend whereby species exhibit a smaller body size in warmer climates, and larger body size under colder conditions in endotherms. The mechanisms behind this rule are still debated, and it is not clear whether Bergmann's rule can be extended to predict the effects of climate change through time. We reviewed the primary literature for evidence (i) of a decrease in body size in response to climate warming, (ii) that changing body size is an adaptive response and (iii) that these responses are evolutionary or plastic. We found weak evidence for changes in body size through time as predicted by Bergmann's rule. Only three studies investigated the adaptive nature of these size decreases. Of these, none reported evidence of selection for smaller size or of a genetic basis for the size change, suggesting that size decreases could be due to nonadaptive plasticity in response to changing environmental conditions. More studies are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the underlying causes of these changes in body size in response to a warming climate.
Non‐pathogenic aquatic bacteria activate the immune system and increase predation risk in damselfly larvae
Authors: Janssens Lizanne , Stoks Robby 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPathogens can increase vulnerability to predation through their harmful effects on hosts. Recently, it was shown that the mere activation of the immune system by pathogens may increase the host's risk of predation. Here, we test whether exposure to non‐pathogenic bacteria also activates the immune system and thereby increases vulnerability to predation.We exposedEnallagma cyathigerumdamselfly larvae to a non‐pathogenic strain of the bacteriumEscherichia coliand measured immune defence, anti‐predator behaviour and survival times in the presence of larval dragonfly predators. To evaluate whether non‐pathogenic bacteria also generated energy‐based trade‐offs leading to other fitness costs, we also quantified growth rate and survival in the absence of predators.Exposure to the non‐pathogenic bacterium did not affect survival in the absence of the predator but increased growth rate, possibly a response to reduce exposure time to the bacterium. Larvae exposed to the bacterium activated their immune response as shown by an increase in the activity of phenoloxidase and the number of haemocytes. The bacterium affected anti‐predator traits involved in avoiding detection by predators as well as traits involved in escape after detection. Pre‐exposed larvae showed higher activity levels and further increased the number of feeding strikes in the presence of predation risk, possibly driven by energetic constraints. Pre‐exposed larvae swam less often when attacked, but faster. This impaired anti‐predator response came at the ecological cost of increased vulnerability to predation.Our study demonstrated that exposure to non‐pathogenic bacteria increases vulnerability to predation, which is a novel type of antagonistic interaction. This highlights the unexplored possibility that non‐pathogens may play a role in maintaining variation in immune defence through insidious effects on predator–prey interactions. Since non‐pathogenic bacteria can be very abundant, this unexplored ecological cost of immune system activation in terms of increased predation may have major consequences in natural systems and may provide an unexplored new force underlying variation in immune defence.
Association of overweight and obesity with the use of self and home‐based infusion therapy among haemophilic men
Authors: Ullman M. , Zhang Q. C. , Brown D. , Grant A. , Soucie J. M. ,   on Behalf of the Hemophilia Treatment Center Network Investigators
Published: November 2013

SummaryAn elevated body mass index (BMI) may make venipuncture more difficult, potentially impacting the use of home infusion (HI) and self‐infusion (SI). We sought to determine whether above‐normal BMI is associated with decreased use of HI treatment and SI of clotting factor concentrate among haemophilic persons. We analysed data from 10 814 male patients with haemophilia A and B (45% with severe disease) aged 6–79 years enrolled in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Universal Data Collection surveillance project between 1998 and 2008. Associations between the use of HI and SI and BMI were evaluated using logistic regression. Fifty per cent of haemophilic men were overweight or obese, similar to rates reported among the general US population by the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [Flegal, KM et al., JAMA 2010;303:235–241;]. Twenty per cent of children and 22% of teens were obese, as were 28% of adults [Ogden, CL et al., JAMA 2010;303:235, 242]. Overall, 70% of the study sample used HI; 44% of those who used HI also used SI. Overweight and obese men were each less likely to use HI than those of normal weight [odds ratio (OR) 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–1.0 and OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.6–0.8 respectively]. Obese teens and adult men were also less likely to practice SI than teens and adults of normal weight (OR 0.8; 95% CI 0.7–0.9 for each). We conclude that overweight and obese haemophilic men are less likely to use HI and obese men are less likely to use SI than their normal‐weight counterparts.
The obstetric, gynaecological and fertility implications of homozygous PAI‐1 deficiency: single‐centre experience
Authors: Heiman M. , Gupta S. , Shapiro A. D. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryComplete plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) deficiency is an exceedingly rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder previously identified and reported in a large Old Order Amish (OOA) kindred in Indiana [Fay et al. Blood 1997; 90: 204]. Mouse models suggest that proteolysis via the plasminogen activator/plasmin system plays a crucial role in reproduction including degradation of the follicular wall during ovulation, fertilization, embryo implantation and embryogenesis [Leonardsson et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 12446]. We report the obstetric, gynaecological and fertility histories of OOA individuals with homozygous PAI‐1 deficiency. In this family, there are 10 affected members identified to date ranging in age between 10 and 32 years, including seven female patients and three male patients. To date, two women have achieved pregnancies without difficulty; however, they experienced antenatal bleeding and preterm labour. The early initiation and continuation of antifibrinolytic agents, Epsilon‐aminocaproic acid or tranexamic acid, during the pregnancy and in the postpartum period, was believed to be successful in preventing major bleeding complications in our patients with complete PAI‐1 deficiency.
Influence of ankle plantar flexor muscle architecture and strength on gait in boys with haemophilia in comparison to typically developing children
Authors: Stephensen D. , Drechsler W. I. , Scott O. M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAltered gait patterns, muscle weakness and atrophy have been reported in young boys with severe haemophilia when compared to unaffected peers. The aim of this study was to determine whether lateral gastrocnemius muscle size and architecture influenced biomechanical walking patterns of boys with haemophilia and if these relationships differed from age‐matched typically developing boys. Biomechanical function of the knee and ankle during level walking, lateral gastrocnemius anatomical cross‐sectional area, thickness, width, fascicle length and pennation angle and ankle plantar flexor muscle strength were recorded in 19 typically developing boys aged 7–12 years and 19 age‐matched haemophilic boys with a history of ankle joint bleeding. Associations between gait, strength and architecture were compared using correlations of peak gait values. Haemophilic boys walked with significantly larger (P < 0.05) ankle dorsi flexion angles and knee flexion moments. The ankle plantar flexor muscles of haemophilic boys were significantly weaker and smaller when compared to typically developing peers. In the typically developing boys there was no apparent association between muscle architecture, strength and walking patterns. In haemophilic boys maximum muscle strength and ACSA normalized torque of the ankle plantar flexors together with the muscle width, thickness, fascicle length and angulation (P < 0.05) were associated with motion at the ankle and peak moments at the knee joint. Muscle strength deficits of the ankle plantar flexors and changes in muscle size and architecture may underpin the key biomechanical alterations in walking patterns of haemophilic boys with a history of ankle joint bleeding.
Attitudes and beliefs of non‐participants in a population‐based screening programme for colorectal cancer
Authors: Hall Nicola J , Rubin Greg P , Dobson Christina , Weller David , Wardle Jane , Ritchie Mary , Rees Colin J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundUptake of colorectal cancer screening programmes needs to be improved or at least maintained in order to achieve projected reductions in mortality and morbidity. Understanding the origins of non‐participation in screening is therefore important.ObjectiveTo explore the beliefs and experiences of individuals who had not responded either to their screening invitation or reminder.DesignA qualitative study using in‐depth interviews with non‐participants from England's population‐based colorectal cancer screening programme. Data collection and analysis were carried out using a grounded theory approach, with an emphasis on the constant comparison method, and continued until saturation (27 interviews).FindingsThe interviews provided an in‐depth understanding of a range of reasons and circumstances surrounding non‐participation in screening, including contextual and environmental influences as well as factors specific to the screening test. Non‐participation in screening was not necessarily associated with negative attitudes towards screening or a decision to not return a kit. Reasons for non‐participation in screening included not feeling that participation is personally necessary, avoiding or delaying decision making, and having some degree of intention to take part but failing to do so because of practicalities, conflicting priorities or external circumstances. Beliefs, awareness and intention change over time.Discussion and conclusionsA range of approaches may be required to improve screening uptake. Some non‐participants may already have a degree of intention to take part in screening in the future, and this group may be more responsive to interventions based on professional endorsement, repeat invitations, reminders and aids to making the test more practical.
Morphologic identification of atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia by digital microscopy
Authors: Marionneaux S. , Maslak P. , Keohane E. M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIntroductionAtypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (aCLL) is a morphologic variant found in approximately 25% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although aCLL has a more aggressive course compared to typical CLL (tCLL), it is not usually reported. This retrospective study used digital microscopy to morphologically classify CLL patients as aCLL or tCLL, and determined the prevalence of prognostic markers in each group.MethodsCellaVision AB (Lund, Sweden) was used to evaluate lymphocyte morphology on archived blood films of 97 CLL patients, and results of their prognostic marker analysis at diagnosis were obtained. The unpaired t‐test, Chi‐square, or Fisher's Exact test were used for statistical analysis.Results27% of CLL cases were morphologically classified as aCLL. The aCLL group had a higher prevalence of trisomy 12, unmutated IgVH, and CD38 expression (markers associated with poor prognosis), and a lower prevalence of 13q14 deletions compared to tCLL; this was statistically significant.ConclusionUsing digital imaging to identify aCLL is feasible, economical, and may provide clinically relevant prognostic information at diagnosis and during periodic monitoring. Further study of a larger number of patients is needed to assess the clinical utility of reporting aCLL morphology.
A ZAP‐70 kinase domain variant prevents thymocyte‐positive selection despite signalling CD69 induction
Authors: Siggs Owen M. , Yates Adèle L. , Schlenner Susan , Liston Adrian , Lesage Sylvie , Goodnow Christopher C. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryQuantitative reductions in T‐cell receptor (TCR) signalling are associated with severe immunodeficiency, yet in certain cases can lead to autoimmunity. Mutation of the tyrosine kinase ZAP‐70 can cause either of these outcomes, yet the limits of its signal transducing capacity are not well defined. To investigate these limits we have made use of mrtless: a chemically induced mutation of Zap70 associated with T‐cell deficiency. Unlike cells devoid of ZAP‐70, mrtless thymocytes showed partial induction of CD5 and CD69, and were sensitive to TCR stimulation with a dose–response shifted approximately 10‐fold. However, essentially no T cells were able to compensate for the mrtless mutation and mature beyond the CD4+ CD8+ stage. This outcome contrasts with a ZAP‐70 Src Homology 2 domain mutant strain, where high‐affinity self‐reactive TCR are positively selected rather than deleted. We discuss these data with respect to current models of TCR signalling in thymocyte selection.