bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Treatments of Zirconia to Enhance Bonding Durability
Authors: Melo RM , Souza ROA , Dursun E , Monteiro EBC , Valandro LF , Bottino MA 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
This article reviewed the surface treatments used most often to improve adhesion between zirconia and adhesive cements, focusing on their capacity to provide long-term bonding. Traditional and new treatments for zirconia bonding were searched. Some new treatments were discussed along with topographical views of the modified zirconia. New methods, such as selective infiltration etching and the low-fusing glassy porcelain application are promising, but more research is needed.
Prediction of Rain in Bihar, India, Based on Historical Rain Data
Authors: Sharan Anand M. 
Published: July 2015

In this work the prediction of rain is based on average of three methods. In these methods, historical rain data of Bihar are selected for projection. These methods take into account the trends in rain pattern also. The predicted results are quite close to the actual rain data for the year 2013. Based on this success, the forecast was made in December 2013 for the year 2014. This prediction was checked on September 1, 2014, and it was found that the predicted and the actual rainfall data for June, July and August of 2014 were close. The advantage of this approach is that it gives farmers far more time than they get presently when preliminary predictions are announced by India Meteorological Department in April for each monsoon.
Metal artifact reduction for CT-based luggage screening
Authors: Karimi Seemeen , Martz Harry , Cosman Pamela 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND: In aviation security, checked luggage is screened by computed tomography scanning. Metal objects in the bags create artifacts that degrade image quality. Though there exist metal artifact reduction (MAR) methods mainly in medical imaging literature, they require knowledge of the materials in the scan, or are outlier rejection methods. OBJECTIVE: To improve and evaluate a MAR method we previously introduced, that does not require knowledge of the materials in the scan, and gives good results on data with large quantities and different kinds of metal. METHODS: We describe in detail an optimization which de-emphasizes metal projections and has a constraint for beam hardening and scatter. This method isolates and reduces artifacts in an intermediate image, which is then fed to a previously published sinogram replacement method. We evaluate the algorithm for luggage data containing multiple and large metal objects. We define measures of artifact reduction, and compare this method against others in MAR literature. RESULTS: Metal artifacts were reduced in our test images, even for multiple and large metal objects, without much loss of structure or resolution. CONCLUSION: Our MAR method outperforms the methods with which we compared it. Our approach does not make assumptions about image content, nor does it discard metal projections.
Les silos à grains du haut moyen âge en Cambrésis
Authors: Florin Bernard 
Published: July 2015

Les trois silos présentés dans cet article font partie d'un ensemble important qui a nécessité trois années de fouilles. Un travail de synthèse est en cours de publication.
Le site de Les Rues des Vignes, aujourd'hui préservé après de multiples interventions, devait être détruit par la construction de maisons individuelles.
La fouille peut donc se poursuivre dans d'excellentes conditions, non plus dans le cadre d'un sauvetage avec tous les inconvénients que cela comporte mais en programme en employant les méthodes appropriées à ce genre de recherche.
Sixteen polymorphic microsatellite markers for a federally threatened species, Hexastylis naniflora (Aristolochiaceae), and co‐occurring congeners
Authors: Hamstead Jacqueline W. , Snider Brandon L. , Oaks Robyn , Fitzgerald Evan , Woodward Jason , Teat Alyssa , Hay Nikolai M. , Estep Matt C. , Murrell Zack E. 
Published: July 2015

Premise of the study:Twenty microsatellite loci were developed for the federally threatened species Hexastylis naniflora (Aristolochiaceae) to examine genetic diversity and to distinguish this species from co‐occurring congeners, H. heterophylla and H. minor.Methods and Results:Next‐generation sequencing approaches were used to identify microsatellite loci and design primers. One hundred fifty‐two primer pairs were screened for repeatability, and 20 of these were further characterized for polymorphism. In H. naniflora, the number of alleles identified for polymorphic loci ranged from two to 23 (mean ∼8.8), with a mean heterozygosity of 0.39.Conclusions:These 16 polymorphic primers for H. naniflora will be useful tools in species identification and quantifying genetic diversity within the genus.
Circulating Human CD27−IgA+ Memory B Cells Recognize Bacteria with Polyreactive Igs
Authors: Berkowska Magdalena A. , Schickel Jean-Nicolas , Grosserichter-Wagener Christina , de Ridder Dick , Ng Yen Shing , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , Meffre Eric , van Zelm Menno C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The vast majority of IgA production occurs in mucosal tissue following T cell–dependent and T cell–independent Ag responses. To study the nature of each of these responses, we analyzed the gene-expression and Ig-reactivity profiles of T cell–dependent CD27+IgA+ and T cell–independent CD27−IgA+ circulating memory B cells. Gene-expression profiles of IgA+ subsets were highly similar to each other and to IgG+ memory B cell subsets, with typical upregulation of activation markers and downregulation of inhibitory receptors. However, we identified the mucosa-associated CCR9 and RUNX2 genes to be specifically upregulated in CD27−IgA+ B cells. We also found that CD27−IgA+ B cells expressed Abs with distinct Ig repertoire and reactivity compared with those from CD27+IgA+ B cells. Indeed, Abs from CD27−IgA+ B cells were weakly mutated, often used Igλ chain, and were enriched in polyreactive clones recognizing various bacterial species. Hence, T cell–independent IgA responses are likely involved in the maintenance of gut homeostasis through the production of polyreactive mutated IgA Abs with cross-reactive anti-commensal reactivity.
Antigenic Stimulation of Kv1.3-Deficient Th Cells Gives Rise to a Population of Foxp3-Independent T Cells with Suppressive Properties
Authors: Grishkan Inna V. , Tosi Dominique M. , Bowman Melissa D. , Harary Maya , Calabresi Peter A. , Gocke Anne R. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that has been linked with defects in regulatory T cell function. Therefore, strategies to selectively target pathogenic cells via enhanced regulatory T cell activity may provide therapeutic benefit. Kv1.3 is a voltage-gated potassium channel expressed on myelin-reactive T cells from MS patients. Kv1.3-knockout (KO) mice are protected from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS, and Kv1.3-KO Th cells display suppressive capacity associated with increased IL-10. In this article, we demonstrate that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific Kv1.3-KO Th cells exhibit a unique regulatory phenotype characterized by high CD25, CTLA4, pSTAT5, FoxO1, and GATA1 expression without a corresponding increase in Foxp3. These phenotypic changes result from increased signaling through IL-2R. Moreover, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific Kv1.3-KO Th cells can ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis following transfer to wild-type recipients in a manner that is partially dependent on IL-2R and STAT5 signaling. The present study identifies a population of Foxp3− T cells with suppressive properties that arises in the absence of Kv1.3 and enhances the understanding of the molecular mechanism by which these cells are generated. This increased understanding could contribute to the development of novel therapies for MS patients that promote heightened immune regulation.
Unicompartmental Arthroplasty of the knee
Authors: Varghese Mathew , Chakrabarty Gautam , Thambapillay Sivaharan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is now well-established as a treatment option for isolated compartment osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Improvements in surgical technique, instrumentation, component design, and rapid rehabilitation has resulted good long-term survivorship and in the wider acceptance for UKA. The experiences from several centers have been key in the education of surgeons with regards to patient selection, technical considerations, and importantly avoiding common pitfalls can lead to early failure of the components. A younger patient may require revision in their lifetime, but modern UKA design allows this to be performed with minimal surgical difficulties and with good outcome.

How to cite this article
Chakrabarty G, Varghese M, Thambapillay S. Unicompartmental Arthroplasty of the knee. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(2):74-78.
Dual Ectopic Thyroid: An Uncommon Imaging Diagnosis
Authors: Khandelwal Niranjan , Prabhakar Nidhi , Gupta Vivek , Panda Naresh 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Ectopic thyroid means presence of thyroid gland tissue in abnormal position. Dual ectopic thyroid is the presence of thyroid gland tissue in two different abnormal locations. It is a rare entity. We report a case of 17-year-old girl who presented with a gradually increasing swelling in the upper neck. Her thyroid tests were abnormal, with mildly reduced T3 and T4 levels and increased TSH levels. Ultrasound revealed an isoechoic homogenous lesion in the intermuscular planes, in the infrahyoid neck. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of neck was performed which showed two similarly homogenously enhancing lesions, one in the base of tongue and another in the infrahyoid neck. Thyroid gland was not seen in its normal location. On the basis of these findings, diagnosis of dual ectopic thyroid was made. Patient was managed with thyroid hormone replacement therapy to manage hypothyroidism and decrease the size of swelling.

How to cite this article
Prabhakar N, Gupta V, Panda N, Khandelwal N. Dual Ectopic Thyroid: An Uncommon Imaging Diagnosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(2):83-84.
Successful Treatment of a Complicated Case of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome with a Higher Dose of Bromocriptine and Lorazepam
Authors: Kashyap Rajesh , Kashyap Ravi 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
A 53-year-old patient of schizoaffective disorder developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) following treatment with haloperidol, clozapine and parenteral fluphenazine. He showed full recovery with immediate discontinuation of potential offenders and prompt treatment with a higher dose of bromocriptine and lorazepam along with management of aspiration pneumonia. Need for early recognition of NMS and treatment by a multidisciplinary team is discussed.

How to cite this article
Sharma R, Kashyap R. Successful Treatment of a Complicated Case of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome with a Higher Dose of Bromocriptine and Lorazepam. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(2):88-90.
Role of Perioperative Echocardiography Leadership in a Tertiary University Hospital
Authors: Subramaniam Balachundhur 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Echocardiography has been shown to improve the perioperative outcomes of surgical and critically ill patients. Several modalities of echocardiography (transthoracic, transesophageal, epicardial and epiaortic) are being utilized clinically for the hemodynamic management of surgical patients. They can be collectively described as perioperative echocardiography (PEC). Because of such a wider scope of practice in perioperative echocardiography, there is a need for leadership to maintain equipment, good clinical practice, education, research, quality, documentation, billing and reimbursement. American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) published guidelines for performance, reporting, education and quality improvement in PEC. The major role of echocardiography leadership is to ensure PEC team follows the guidelines published by ASE/SCA in their practice and utilize the potential of the various modalities to the benefit and safety of their patients. This article explores the key roles of the director for perioperative echocardiography service at a tertiary university hospital.

How to cite this article
Subramaniam K, Subramaniam B. Role of Perioperative Echocardiography Leadership in a Tertiary University Hospital. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2015;3(1):4-16.
Unanticipated Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm in a Patient with Subpulmonic Ventricular Septum Defect: Suspected by Intraoperative Transthoracic Echo; Confirmed by Intraoperative Transesophageal Echo
Authors: Raj Ravi , Bhat Imran Hussain 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
A sinus of valsalva (SOV) aneurysm is a rare cardiac anomaly that may be congenital or acquired and may be associated with other cardiac lesions. If the aneurysm ruptures, it causes acute symptoms of dyspnea. Echocardiography is a useful diagnostic tool that can guide in proper management of these patients. We present a case of subpulmonic ventricular septal defect (VSD) in which ruptured SOV was detected by intraoperative transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) which helped in adequate surgical repair and good outcome for the patient. This case report emphasizes the importance of routine transthoracic and TEE in operating room by cardiac anesthesiologist to confirm the original diagnosis and look for new unanticipated findings, especially in a patient with strong clinical suspicion.

How to cite this article
Bhat IH, Raj R, Puri GD. Unanticipated Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm in a Patient with Subpulmonic Ventricular Septum Defect: Suspected by Intraoperative Transthoracic Echo; Confirmed by Intraoperative Transesophageal Echo. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2015;3(1): 25-28.
Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Detection of Residual Tumor in Renal Cell Carcinoma Extending into Right Atrium
Authors: Madhavan, Sethu , Mohan Ravi 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a tendency to invade inferior vena cava and thereby reach the right heart. This may necessitate a combined surgical procedure. These procedures impose a challenge to the anesthesiologist and may require the use of veno-venous or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Among the serious and feared complication is embolization of the thrombus during mobilization of the tumor causing a massive pulmonary embolism. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) not only provide accurate identification and definition of the cranial extent of the tumor, but may also provide continuous monitoring of the hemodynamic status and cardiac complications during surgical manipulation of tumor. In this case report, we have described TEE helped in recognizing not only the extent of the tumor but also (the adequacy of removal of the tumor thrombus) diagnose the residual tumor after removal during right radical nephrectomy.

How to cite this article
Negi SL, Dutta V, Puri GD, Madhavan S, Mohan R. Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Detection of Residual Thrombus in Renal Cell Carcinoma extending into Right Atrium. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2015;3(1):35-38.
Multinational versus National Firms on Capital Adjustment Costs: A Structural Approach
Authors: Lapatinas Athanasios 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper provides an alternative perspective on the firm-level empirical analysis of the relation between foreign ownership and capital demand adjustment in host countries. The author estimates a dynamic structural model of investment on a sample of 4672 Belgian firms for the period 2003-2010, permitting him to distinguish the ‘ownership status’ of firms. He considers a dynamic discrete choice model of a general specification of adjustment costs including convex and non-convex components. The author uses the method of simulated moments in order to estimate the structural parameters. His results indicate that multinationals’ affiliates face lower capital adjustment costs than national firms.
Reducing Severance Costs or Subsidizing Permanent Job Creation: Which Policy Is More Effective to Reduce Duality?
Authors: Osuna Victoria 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper introduces endogenous on-the-job training in the job creation and destruction model of the search and matching type by García-Pérez and Osuna (Dual labour markets and the tenure distribution: Reducing severance pay or introducing a single contract, 2014). The objective is to compare the effects of subsidizing permanent job creation with that of reducing the severance cost gap between permanent contracts (PCs) and temporary contracts (TCs) as a strategy to reduce labour market duality between PCs and TCs. The 2006 and 2012 Spanish labour market reforms are used as a benchmark. The results point to fact that subsidizing permanent job creation may not be the best option from a fiscal point of view to reduce labour market segmentation between PCs and TCs. In particular, the results of introducing the subsidized “entrepreneurs’ permanent contract” (EPC) in the 2012 labour market reform may have involved substantial deadweight effects. In fact, the reduction of the severance cost gap to a number close to 15 days of wages per year of service (p.y.o.s.) may generate the same effects, provided dismissals for objective reasons are effectively made easier to justify and firms make use of that option instead of agreeing to an indemnity closer to the amount paid for unfair dismissals. Finally, the model also shows the relevance of designing appropriate penalties for those firms that do not comply with the obligations that subsidies involve.
Personal Consumption by Family Type and Household Income
Authors: Krueger Kurt V. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Using Consumer Expenditure Survey data, this paper presents a unified approach in estimating adult personal consumption across five family types: married wage earners living together by themselves, married wage earners living together with their minor children, married retirees living together by themselves, single wage earning parents living together with their minor children, and single wage earners living alone. In addition to advancing the literature with a unified analysis of family traits, this paper uses over 700 microdata expenditure classifications instead of the approximate 30 summary expenditure classifications which have been relied on in other personal consumption studies. Microdata expenditure classification reduces problems of allocating expenses among family members. The paper begins with an overview of the Consumer Expenditure Survey, the federal data source that is most appropriate for estimating personal consumption. Next presented are the allocation rules to separate personal from survivor and household expenditures. The data are then identified followed by empirical estimation.
Real Earnings of Full-Time Workers by Education, Age Group and Sex, 1974–2012
Authors: Foster Edward 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This note rearranges the data from Census Bureau Personal Income (PINC) tables 32–35 showing earnings of full-time, year-round workers from 1974 to 2012 to display the 39-year time series for average real earnings by education, age group, and sex. Aggregated data show strong upward trends for all males and all females combined, for males and females with a bachelor's degree or more and for those with less than a bachelor's degree. However, all trends have flattened or become negative since 2000. Shifts in the composition of the work force over time mean that trends in aggregated earnings incorporate those shifts, so may not be useful for projecting earnings growth for any individual plaintiff of a specific age and educational background. The note addresses that problem in two ways: First it re-weights the aggregate statistics to remove some effects of shifts in composition of the workforce. Second it gives summary statistics for log-linear regressions of real earnings on time for all education-age-sex combinations for the period 1974–1999 and for 2000–2012. Growth for the latter period is negative for most of those combinations. Supplemental material for a Microsoft Excel workbook contains the underlying data and several figures and is accessible from the Journal of Forensic Economics website.
Are Mexican Net Discount Rates Stationary? An Application for Lost Earnings Damages Involving Undocumented Workers
Authors: Avalos Antonio , Alley R. Sean 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper provides empirical evidence on the behavior of various Mexican Net Discount Rates (NDRs) by examining the time series properties of several yields on Mexican government securities and annual wages for nine industrial sectors. Results indicate that NDRs are characterized as a stationary series around a shift in its mean. The forecast for the mean of the NDRs should be based on the period after the time of the shift, which took place in 1994. The discussion addresses relevant case law and the application of the NDR approach to the calculation of damages for Mexican undocumented workers as an effort to equip forensic economists with the tools to conduct such estimates.
Hof van Justitie erkent meestbegunstigingsverplichting in het EU-recht: de zaak Sopora
Authors: Schaper M.G.H. , Niesten H. 
Published: July 2015

Het Hof van Justitie heeft in zijn arrest Sopora geoordeeld dat een verschillende behandeling van twee buitenlanders discriminatoir kan zijn. Daarmee heeft het Hof van Justitie effectief een verdragsrechtelijke verplichting tot meestbegunstiging geschapen. De reikwijdte van deze verplichting is echter onzeker wanneer deze wordt bezien in het licht van ’s Hofs eerder gewezen jurisprudentie in directe belastingzaken.HvJ 24 februari 2015, zaak C-512/13, Sopora, ECLI:EU:C:2015:108
Een Amerikaanse dienstweigeraar in Europa
Authors: den  Heijer M. 
Published: July 2015

Aan de orde is de vraag of een Amerikaanse dienstweigeraar recht op asiel in Duitsland heeft. Hij wenst niet deel te nemen aan oorlogsmisdrijven die volgens hem door Amerikaanse troepen in Irak worden gepleegd. De verwijzende rechter wil weten of de Duitse autoriteiten een oordeel moeten vellen over mogelijke Amerikaanse schendingen van het oorlogsrecht in Irak. Het Hof van Justitie antwoordt dat het Europese asielrecht (de Definitierichtlijn) inderdaad kan verplichten tot een dergelijk onderzoek. Maar het lijkt onwaarschijnlijk dat de Duitse rechter dat onderzoek moet verrichten, nu de dienstweigeraar eerdere mogelijkheden om uit het Amerikaanse leger te treden onbenut heeft gelaten. Bovendien is een voorwaarde voor asielverlening dat de Verenigde Staten niet effectief optreden tegen oorlogsmisdrijven.HvJ 26 februari 2015, zaak C-472/13, Andre Lawrence Shepherd/Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI:EU:C:2015:117