bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory analysis of estimated acoustic peak rarefaction pressure, recanalization, and outcome in the transcranial ultrasound in clinical sonothrombolysis trial
Authors: Barlinn Kristian , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Molina Carlos A. , Alexandrov Dmitri A. , Schafer Mark E. , Alleman John , Alexandrov Andrei V. ,   for the TUCSON Investigators
Published: August 2012

PurposeAcoustic peak rarefaction pressure (APRP) is the main factor that influences ultrasound‐enhanced thrombolysis. We sought to determine whether recanalization rate and functional outcomes in the Transcranial Ultrasound in Clinical SONothrombolysis (TUCSON) trial could be predicted by estimated in vivo APRP.MethodsWe developed an acoustic attenuation model to estimate the in vivo APRP at the arterial occlusion site in each subject of the TUCSON trial with CT scans eligible for measurements. Variables included temporal bone thickness, depth of arterial occlusion site, and average attenuation of skin and brain tissues. Recanalization was defined as partial or complete using the Thrombolysis in Brain Infarction flow grades. Functional independence was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS, 0–1).ResultsAPRP was calculated in 20 acute ischemic stroke patients treated with sonothrombolysis (mean age, 64 ± 15 years, 65% men; median NIHSS score, 13; IQR, 6–17). The mean APRP was 30.2 ± 15.5 kPa (range, 8–68 kPa). Patients with persisting occlusion had nonsignificantly lower APRP than patients with partial or complete recanalization (25.2 ± 8.0 versus 32.3 ± 17.7 kPa; p = 0.228). Patients who were functionally independent at 3 months had nonsignificantly higher APRP than patients with worse outcome (35.1 ± 19.5 versus 25.9 ± 11.2 kPa; p = 0.217).ConclusionsOur exploratory analysis suggests a potentially important role of successful energy delivery to augment thrombolysis with 2‐MHz ultrasound in acute ischemic stroke patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:354–360, 2013
Does genotype predict response to treatment in children infected with hepatitis B perinatally?
Authors: Boxall Elizabeth , Sira Jaswant , Kaskar Shamima , Workman Judith , Kelly Deirdre 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHBV genotype may correlate with outcome and treatment response. Genotype has been compared with treatment response in children infected perinatally with hepatitis B following treatment with oral antiviral drugs (lamivudine or adefovir) or interferon (IFN) alone and with prednisolone priming (Pred/IFN). All children who took part in clinical trials in this unit since 1990 were included. Hepatitis B genotypes were determined by direct sequencing or using a commercial line probe assay (InnoLipa). Sixty‐five children were included; 20 were treated with IFN; 19 with Pred/IFN; 22 with lamivudine and 7 with adefovir, some took part in more than one treatment study. 63 out of 65 children were clearly typed into single genotypes; 16, 7, 3, and 37 typing as A, B, C, and D respectively. The majority of South‐Asian children had genotype D and European and Afro‐Caribbean children were more likely to have genotype A. Treatment response (seroconversion from HBeAg to Anti‐HBe) was better in children with genotypes A [n = 16] and D [n = 37] (55.5% and 48.7%), compared to those with B [n = 7] and C [n = 3] (12.5% and 0%) for all treatments. The response to interferon alone was better in children with genotype A compared to D (50% and 36%), but prednisolone priming improved the response so that there was no difference between genotypes A and D (66.7% and 70%). Assessment of genotype in children pre‐treatment may provide a guide to potential response. The response to treatment by genotype should be evaluated in future clinical trials in children. J. Med. Virol. 84:1535–1540, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization of varicella‐zoster virus clinical isolates from 2006 to 2008 in a tertiary care hospital, Dublin, Ireland, using different genotyping methods
Authors: Roycroft Emma , Rose Lisa , Scallan Martina F. , Crowley Brendan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractVaricella‐zoster virus (VZV), a herpesvirus, is a ubiquitous organism that causes considerable morbidity worldwide and can cause severe complications on reactivation. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on 19 clinical VZV isolates (16 zoster and 3 varicella) found in Ireland, between December 2006 and November 2008, in order to determine whether previously reported viral heterogeneity was still present and whether viral recombination was evident. Open reading‐frames (ORFs) from genes 1, 21, 50, and 54, were sequenced. Clades 1, 2, 3, and 5 were identified. Four putative recombinant isolates were detected (three clade 3/1 and one clade 5/3/1). Further sequencing and examination of ORF 22 and 21/50, did not elucidate the putative recombinant genotypes further. These two previously published genotyping schemes were examined in light of the new consensus genotyping scheme proposed in 2010. Remarkable VZV heterogeneity remains prevalent in Ireland. This is the first evidence of putative VZV recombination found in Ireland. J. Med. Virol. 84:1672–1679, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review: Viral infections and mechanisms of thrombosis and bleeding
Authors: Goeijenbier M. , van Wissen M. , van de Weg C. , Jong E. , Gerdes V.E.A. , Meijers J.C.M. , Brandjes D.P.M. , van Gorp E.C.M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractViral infections are associated with coagulation disorders. All aspects of the coagulation cascade, primary hemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis, can be affected. As a consequence, thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage, or both, may occur. Investigation of coagulation disorders as a consequence of different viral infections have not been performed uniformly. Common pathways are therefore not fully elucidated. In many severe viral infections there is no treatment other than supportive measures. A better understanding of the pathophysiology behind the association of viral infections and coagulation disorders is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies. This is of special importance in case of severe complications, such as those seen in hemorrhagic viral infections, the incidence of which is increasing worldwide. To date, only a few promising targets have been discovered, meaning the implementation in a clinical context is still hampered. This review discusses non‐hemorrhagic and hemorrhagic viruses for which sufficient data on the association with hemostasis and related clinical features is available. This will enable clinicians to interpret research data and place them into a perspective. J. Med. Virol. 84:1680–1696, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unexpected distribution of Hepatitis B genotypes in patients with kidney disease: Comparison with immunocompetent subjects
Authors: Souza Luciana O. , Perez Renata M. , Carvalho‐Filho Roberto J. , Matos Carla A.L. , Moutinho Renata S. , Silva Ivonete S. , Medina‐Pestana Jose O. , Silva Antonio E.B. , Ferraz Maria L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a high prevalence among hemodialysis and renal transplant patients. Data regarding genotype distribution in these populations are scarce and are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of HBV genotypes in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD)‐patients and renal transplant patients and to compare with the distribution observed in immunocompetent patients from the same geographic region. From a population of 213 patients evaluated initially, 120 patients with detectable HBV‐DNA were included in the study and submitted to genotype determination by amplification of S gene by nested PCR followed by sequencing method. Among 41 hemodialysis patients the most frequent genotype was D (83%), followed by genotype A (10%), C (5%), and F (2%). Genotype D was also the most prevalent (73%) among 33 renal transplant patients, followed by genotype A (18%), F (6%), and B (3%). This distribution was similar in these two groups of patients and for the comparative analysis they were considered in the kidney disease group. Compared to immunocompetents, patients with kidney disease (ESRD and renal transplant patients) showed a distinct distribution, with a higher prevalence of genotype D (78% vs. 17%, P < 0.001) whereas genotype A was the most prevalent among immunocompetent patients (70% vs. 14%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the higher frequency of genotype A in immunocompetent patients and of genotype D in patients with renal disease suggest a higher capacity of environmental transmission or a better adaptability of this genotype in patients with a different pattern of immunologic response. J. Med. Virol. 84:1548–1552, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emergence of lamivudine resistance hepatitis B virus mutations in pregnant women infected with HBV and HIV receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis for the prevention of mother‐to‐infant transmission in Malawi
Authors: Galluzzo Clementina , Liotta Giuseppe , Andreotti Mauro , Luhanga Richard , Jere Haswell , Mancinelli Sandro , Maulidi Martin , Sagno Jean‐Baptiste , Pirillo Maria , Erba Fulvio , Amici Roberta , Ceffa Susanna , Marazzi Maria Cristina , Vella Stefano , Palombi Leonardo , Giuliano Marina 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHIV/HBV co‐infection is highly prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine if the use of triple combination lamivudine‐containing prophylaxis for the prevention of mother‐to‐infant HIV transmission was associated with the emergence of lamivudine HBV mutations. The study included 21 pregnant co‐infected women in Malawi who received either zidovudine or stavudine plus lamivudine and nevirapine from week 25 of gestation until 6 months after delivery or indefinitely if they met the criteria for treatment (CD4+ <350/mm3). HBV‐DNA was determined using the Roche COBAS assay. Resistance mutations were assessed by the Trugene assay (Siemens Diagnostics). At baseline 33% of the women were HBeAg positive and had HBV‐DNA > 104 IU/ml. Median CD4 count was 237 cells/mm3 and median HIV‐RNA was 3.8 log10 copies/ml. After a median of 259 days of treatment, HBV‐DNA was detectable in 9 out of 21 patients (42.8%). In three cases the HBV‐DNA level was >104 IU/ml. Resistance mutations (M204I in five cases and L180M + M204I/V in one case) were present in 6 (28.6%) patients. Women with a resistant virus had significantly higher baseline HBV‐DNA levels than those not developing resistance (1.1 × 107 IU/ml vs. 20.8 IU/ml, P = 0.022). Levels of ALT and AST were higher in women with resistant viruses compared to those retaining a wild‐type virus. A high rate of lamivudine resistance was seen in this cohort of pregnant women. Follow‐up of these patients will clarify if the presence of resistance has a significant impact on liver disease. J. Med. Virol. 84:1553–1557, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HPV persistence and its oncogenic role in prostate tumors
Authors: Tachezy Ruth , Hrbacek Jan , Heracek Jiri , Salakova Martina , Smahelova Jana , Ludvikova Viera , Svec Alexandr , Urban Michael , Hamsikova Eva 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHPV has carcinogenic effects at several anatomical sites in women and men. Whether the presence of HPV in the genitourinary tract of men is associated with a higher prostate cancer risk has been a matter of research for a long‐time and the results are still not fully conclusive. Similarly, the question of the reservoir of HPV infection in men is not clearly resolved. HPV DNA presence and types were evaluated by means of polymerase chain reaction in the tissue of 146 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. HPV‐specific antibodies were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in the sera of all patients and 172 controls. In addition, 256 biopsies taken from non‐tumorous tissues were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were observed in HPV DNA prevalence between patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (2%) and patients with prostatic cancer (2%; P = 1.000). The seropositivity rates did not differ significantly between groups of subjects except for antibodies against HPV 6 VLPs which were found more often in prostate cancer patients (adjusted P = 0.018). Similarly, no difference in the seroprevalence rates for HPV 16 E6 and/or E7 oncoproteins between groups of patients and healthy controls was detected. The overall HPV prevalence in 256 healthy tissue samples was 4%. The results indicate that HPV infection is not associated with prostate oncogenesis in men. However, they imply that multiple tissues of the male genitourinary tract may be important reservoirs for the transmission of some HPV types. J. Med. Virol. 84:1636–1645, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing the linear epitope RVADVI on VP1 protein of enterovirus 71
Authors: Man‐Li Tang , Szyporta Milene , Fang Lim Xiao , Kwang Jimmy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSeveral large outbreaks of hand–foot–mouth disease (HFMD) have occurred in the Asian‐Pacific region since 1997, with Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and/or Coxsackievirus A16 (CAV16) as the main causative agents. Despite the close genetic relationship between the two viruses, only EV71 is associated with severe clinical manifestations and deaths. Effective antiviral treatment and vaccines are not available. High‐quality monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are necessary to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of EV71. In this study, a mAb (designated 1D9) was generated using EV71 C5 strain virus particles as immunogens. Examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting, 1D9 detected successfully all 11 subgenotypes of EV71 and showed no cross‐reactivity to the four selected subgenogroups of Coxsackieviruses CAV4, CAV6, CAV10, and CAV16. A linear motif, R3VADVI8, which is located at the N‐terminus of the EV71 VP1 protein, was identified as the minimal binding region of 1D9. Alignment and comparison of the 1D9‐defined epitope sequence against the listed sequences in the NCBI EV71 database indicated that this epitope R3VADVI8 was highly conserved among EV71 strains, while no significant similarity was observed when blasted against the Coxsackieviruses. This suggests that the mAb 1D9 may be useful for the development of a cost‐effective and accurate method for surveillance and early differentiation of EV71 from CAV16 infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:1620–1627, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Type‐specific human papillomavirus distribution in invasive cervical carcinomas in Paraguay. A study of 432 cases
Authors: Kasamatsu Elena , Cubilla Antonio L. , Alemany Laia , Chaux Alcides , Tous Sara , Mendoza Laura , Paez Malvina , Klaustermeier Jo Ellen , Quint Wim , Lloveras Belen , de Sanjose Silvia , Muñoz Nubia , Bosch Francisco Xavier 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCervical carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor among woman in Paraguay. Cytological screening programs have not been successful and a plan for human papillomavirus (HPV) based‐screening program and/or vaccination is under evaluation. This study aimed to identify the contribution of HPV genotypes in invasive cervical cancer in Paraguay to provide essential background data to guide and assess the introduction and impact of new preventive strategies based on HPV. Four hundred thirty two histologically confirmed cases (1960–2004) were analyzed. HPV detection in paraffin blocks was performed at the Catalan Institute of Oncology using PCR with SPF‐10 broad spectrum primers followed by DNA enzyme immunoassay and genotyping with a reverse hybridization line probe analysis. The majority of cases were squamous cell carcinoma (92.8%). Mean patients age was 48 years old. HPV DNA was detected in 73.1% of the cases and single infections were predominant (97.8%). The most common HPV single types were 16, 18, 45, 33, 31, 52, 35, and 39. 73.1% of HPV positive cases had an HPV 16, 18 as single infection. HPV16 was frequent in SCC whereas HPV 18 and 45 were prevalent in glandular tumors. Significant decrease of HPV 16 with age groups (P‐trend = 0.022) and increase in other HPV types (P‐trend > 0.001) were observed. The potential impact of HPV 16 and 18 for a vaccination program was 73.1%. The study provide a profile of the HPV situation in the country, with robust clinical, pathological and virological data which would permit a better cervical cancer screening and vaccination programs. J. Med. Virol. 84:1628–1635, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis C virus genotype 4d in Southern Italy: Reconstruction of its origin and spread by a phylodynamic analysis
Authors: Ciccozzi Massimo , Equestre Michele , Costantino Angela , Marascio Nadia , Quirino Angela , Presti Alessandra Lo , Cella Eleonora , Bruni Roberto , Liberto Maria Carla , Focà Alfredo , Pisani Giulio , Zehender Gianguglielmo , Ciccaglione Anna Rita 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype 4 predominates in Middle East and Central Africa countries. Recently, it has become also prevalent in Southern European countries where it is thought to have been introduced through immigration and the movement of intravenous drug users. In Italy, the prevalence of genotype 4 is particularly high (4.5%) in Southern regions, such as Calabria, and reaches values of 8.4% in specific areas where there appears to be endemic circulation of this genotype. In the present study, the phylogeny of HCV subtype 4d isolated from 19 Italian patients in Calabria was investigated by analysing a fragment of the NS5B viral genomic region. A Bayesian coalescent‐based framework was used to estimate origin and spread of the HCV 4d in this area. The mean evolutionary rate HCV 4d NS5B sequences was estimated using a dataset of sequences sampled at known times and a relaxed clock constant model that best fitted the data. By using a Bayesian coalescent method, the Italian 4d isolates collected in Calabria were found to share a common ancestor with reference 4d isolates whose origin was traced back to 1940s. The genotype 4d epidemic in Southern Italy was maintained in a steady non‐expanding phase until the late 1970s after that it grew exponentially up to 1990s probably sustained by the vast increase of unsafe blood transfusions and the spread of illicit intravenous drug users. J. Med. Virol. 84:1613–1619, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vitamin D and Parkinson's disease
Authors: vinh quôc Luong Khanh , Thi Hoàng Nguyên Lan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common form of neurodegeneration among the elderly population. PD is clinically characterized by tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural imbalance. Interestingly, a significant association has been demonstrated between PD and low levels of vitamin D in the serum, and vitamin D supplement appears to have a beneficial clinical effect on PD. Genetic studies have provided the opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to PD pathology, e.g., Nurr1 gene, toll‐like receptor, gene related to lipid disorders, vascular endothelial factor, tyrosine hydroxylase, and angiogenin. Vitamin D also exerts its effects on cancer through nongenomic factors, e.g., bacillus Calmette‐Guerin vaccination, interleukin‐10, Wntβ‐catenin signaling pathways, mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, and the reduced form of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. In conclusion, vitamin D might have a beneficial role in PD. Calcitriol is best used for PD because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression. Further investigation with calcitriol in PD is needed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in the importance of work outcomes between full‐time and part‐time hospital employees
Authors: Wakefield Douglas S. , Curry James P. , Mueller Charles W. , Price James L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis study examined differences in the importance of work outcomes between full‐time and part‐time hospital employees in a sample drawn from five western hospitals (N = 1,876). Work status was operationalized by classifying respondents into four categories based on hours worked per week. Exploratory factor analysis showed that work outcomes may be classified as extrinsic (pay and fringe benefits) and instrinsic (being informed about the job, participating in decision‐making, and doing the job well). Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that this two‐factor structure fits the data well for all four work status categories although the factor loadings differed across categories. Multivariate analyses of variance and covariance indicated that statistically significant differences in the importance of extrinsic and intrinsic outcomes exist for full‐time and part‐time employees and that these differences persist when various social and demographic variables are held constant. Employees who work fewer hours per week tend to assign less importance to the work outcomes measured in this study. The results suggest that theoretical models of variables such as job satisfaction should take into account work status differences in the importance of work‐related outcomes. In addition, managers may find that workers respond to different reward structures depending on the degree of their involvement in the organization.
Unique bioactive polyphenolic profile of guava (Psidium guajava) budding leaf tea is related to plant biochemistry of budding leaves in early dawn
Authors: Chang Chi‐Huang , Hsieh Chiu‐Lan , Wang Hui‐Er , Peng Chiung‐Chi , Chyau Charng‐Cherng , Peng Robert Y. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Guava leaf tea (GLT), exhibiting a diversity of medicinal bioactivities, has become a popularly consumed daily beverage. To improve the product quality, a new process was recommended to the Ser‐Tou Farmers' Association (SFA), who began field production in 2005. The new process comprised simplified steps: one bud–two leaves were plucked at 3:00–6:00 am, in the early dawn period, followed by withering at ambient temperature (25–28 °C), rolling at 50 °C for 50–70 min, with or without fermentation, then drying at 45–50 °C for 70–90 min, and finally sorted.RESULTS: The product manufactured by this new process (named herein GLTSF) exhibited higher contents (in mg g−1, based on dry ethyl acetate fraction/methanolic extract) of polyphenolics (417.9 ± 12.3) and flavonoids (452.5 ± 32.3) containing a compositional profile much simpler than previously found: total quercetins (190.3 ± 9.1), total myricetin (3.3 ± 0.9), total catechins (36.4 ± 5.3), gallic acid (8.8 ± 0.6), ellagic acid (39.1 ± 6.4) and tannins (2.5 ± 9.1).CONCLUSION: We have successfully developed a new process for manufacturing GLTSF with a unique polyphenolic profile. Such characteristic compositional distribution can be ascribed to the right harvesting hour in the early dawn and appropriate treatment process at low temperature, avoiding direct sunlight. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry