bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to Pseudogymnoascus destructans are not sufficient for protection against white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Johnson Joseph S. , Reeder DeeAnn M. , Lilley Thomas M. , Czirják Gábor Á. , Voigt Christian C. , McMichael James W. , Meierhofer Melissa B. , Seery Christopher W. , Lumadue Shayne S. , Altmann Alexander J. , Toro Michael O. , Field Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWhite‐nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) that affects bats during hibernation. Although millions of bats have died from WNS in North America, mass mortality has not been observed among European bats infected by the fungus, leading to the suggestion that bats in Europe are immune. We tested the hypothesis that an antibody‐mediated immune response can provide protection against WNS by quantifying antibodies reactive to Pd in blood samples from seven species of free‐ranging bats in North America and two free‐ranging species in Europe. We also quantified antibodies in blood samples from little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) that were part of a captive colony that we injected with live Pd spores mixed with adjuvant, as well as individuals surviving a captive Pd infection trial. Seroprevalence of antibodies against Pd, as well as antibody titers, was greater among little brown myotis than among four other species of cave‐hibernating bats in North America, including species with markedly lower WNS mortality rates. Among little brown myotis, the greatest titers occurred in populations occupying regions with longer histories of WNS, where bats lacked secondary symptoms of WNS. We detected antibodies cross‐reactive with Pd among little brown myotis naïve to the fungus. We observed high titers among captive little brown myotis injected with Pd. We did not detect antibodies against Pd in Pd‐infected European bats during winter, and titers during the active season were lower than among little brown myotis. These results show that antibody‐mediated immunity cannot explain survival of European bats infected with Pd and that little brown myotis respond differently to Pd than species with higher WNS survival rates. Although it appears that some species of bats in North America may be developing resistance to WNS, an antibody‐mediated immune response does not provide an explanation for these remnant populations.
Augmented Half‐Life Estimation Based on High‐Frequency Data
Authors: Huang Mao‐Lung , Liao Shu‐Yi , Lin Kuo‐Chin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHalf‐life estimation has been widely used to evaluate the speed of mean reversion for various economic and financial variables. However, half‐life estimation for the same variable are often different due to the length of the annual time series data used in alternative studies. To solve this issue, this paper extends the ARMA model and derives the half‐life estimation formula for high‐frequency monthly data. Our results indicate that half‐life estimation using short‐period monthly data is an effective approximation for that using long‐period annual data. Furthermore, by applying high‐frequency data, the required effective sample size can be reduced by at least 40% at the 95% confidence level. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of dried apple using hot air, intermittent and continuous microwave: evaluation of kinetic parameters and physicochemical quality attributes
Authors: Aghilinategh Nahid , Rafiee Shahin , Gholikhani Abolfazl , Hosseinpur Soleiman , Omid Mahmoud , Mohtasebi Seyed S. , Maleki Neda 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the study, the effectiveness of intermittent (IMWD) and continuous (CMWD) microwave drying and hot air drying (HAD) treatments on apple slices were compared in terms of drying kinetics (moisture diffusivity and activation energy) and critical physicochemical quality attributes (color change, rehydration ratio, bulk density, and total phenol content (TPC) of the final dried product. The temperature, microwave power, air velocity, and pulse ratio (PR) applied in the experiments were 40–80°C, 200–600 W, 0.5–2 m/s, and 2–6, respectively. Results showed that IMWD and CMWD more effective than HAD in kinetic parameters and physicochemical quality attributes. Also, results indicated CMWD had the lowest and highest drying time and effective diffusivity. The exponential model for estimating IMWD activation energy, considering absolute power (1/P) and pulse ratio were also represented. The color change in apple slices dried by HAD showed the highest change.
Atherosclerosis severity is not affected by a deficiency in IL‐33/ST2 signaling
Authors: Martin Praxedis , Palmer Gaby , Rodriguez Emiliana , Woldt Estelle , Mean Isabelle , James Richard W. , Smith Dirk E. , Kwak Brenda R. , Gabay Cem 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐33 is a cytokine of the IL‐1 family, which signals through the ST2 receptor. Previous work demonstrated that the systemic administration of recombinant IL‐33 reduces the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice by inducing a Th1‐to‐Th2 shift. The objective of our study was to examine the role of endogenous IL‐33 and ST2 in atherosclerosis. ApoE−/−, IL‐33−/−ApoE−/−, and ST2−/−ApoE−/− mice were fed with a cholesterol‐rich diet for 10 weeks. Additionally, a group of ApoE−/− mice was injected with a neutralizing anti‐ST2 or an isotype control antibody during the period of the cholesterol‐rich diet. Atherosclerotic lesion development was measured by Oil Red O staining in the thoracic‐abdominal aorta and the aortic sinus. There were no significant differences in the lipid‐staining area of IL‐33−/−ApoE−/−, ST2−/−ApoE−/−, or anti‐ST2 antibody‐treated ApoE−/− mice, compared to ApoE−/− controls. The absence of IL‐33 signaling had no major and consistent impact on the Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in the supernatant of in vitro‐stimulated lymph node cells. In summary, deficiency of the endogenously produced IL‐33 and its receptor ST2 does not impact the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE‐deficient mice.
A framework for prescription in exercise‐oncology research
Authors: Sasso John P. , Eves Neil D. , Christensen Jesper F. , Koelwyn Graeme J. , Scott Jessica , Jones Lee W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe field of exercise‐oncology has increased dramatically over the past two decades, with close to 100 published studies investigating the efficacy of structured exercise training interventions in patients with cancer. Of interest, despite considerable differences in study population and primary study end point, the vast majority of studies have tested the efficacy of an exercise prescription that adhered to traditional guidelines consisting of either supervised or home‐based endurance (aerobic) training or endurance training combined with resistance training, prescribed at a moderate intensity (50–75% of a predetermined physiological parameter, typically age‐predicted heart rate maximum or reserve), for two to three sessions per week, for 10 to 60 min per exercise session, for 12 to 15 weeks. The use of generic exercise prescriptions may, however, be masking the full therapeutic potential of exercise treatment in the oncology setting. Against this background, this opinion paper provides an overview of the fundamental tenets of human exercise physiology known as the principles of training, with specific application of these principles in the design and conduct of clinical trials in exercise‐oncology research. We contend that the application of these guidelines will ensure continued progress in the field while optimizing the safety and efficacy of exercise treatment following a cancer diagnosis.
A meta‐analysis of surgical success rates in Congenital stapes fixation and juvenile otosclerosis
Authors: Asik Burak , Binar Murat , Serdar Muhittin , Satar Bulent 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo assess published reports in the literature on surgical success rates in patients with congenital stapes fixation (CSF) and juvenile otosclerosis (JO).DesignSystematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis of published data.Data SourcesPubMed, SAGE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane.Review MethodsA literature search was performed and evaluated based on established criteria. Two independent reviewers (b.a., m.b.) inspected titles and abstracts of the studies. The full texts of the studies were examined to assess their relevance to the meta‐analysis. An air‐bone gap (ABG) of 0 to 10 dB hearing level was described as success of surgery.ResultsA random effects model was used to analyze the data. A total of 27 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, whereas 934 were excluded. The total number of operated ears was 445 (256 ears with JO and 189 ears with CSF). At the time of surgery, the age of the patients ranged from 3 to 18 years. The success rate was 80.2% for JO and 54% for CSF. The overall success rate was 69.9%. The rate of postoperative sensorineural hearing loss was 3.4% for JO and 2.1% for CSF.ConclusionsOverall, stapes surgery in children with JO or CSF has a moderate success rate (69.9%) to provide ABG closure of 10 dB. The success rate for CSF in the setting of ossicular abnormalities is 54%. This meta‐analysis suggests that if JO can be determined before surgery, a higher success rate is possible (80.2%).Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:191–198, 2016
Restoration Affect Soil Organic Carbon and Nutrients in Different Particle‐size Fractions
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Duan Zhenghu , Tan Mingliang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDesertification is reversible and can often be prevented by adopting measures to control the causal processes. Desertification has generally decreased in most of the arid and semiarid areas of China during the last few decades because of the restoration of degraded vegetation and soil nutrients. However, little is known about the responses of soil nutrients in different particle‐size fractions to the restoration process and about the importance of this response to the restoration of bulk‐soil nutrients. In this study, we separated bulk‐soil samples in different sieve fractions: coarse‐fine sand (2·0–0·1 mm), very fine sand (0·10–0·05 mm) and silt + clay (<0·05 mm) fractions. Soil organic carbon (SOC), N, P and K contents stored in the silt + clay were greater than the contents of non‐protected nutrients in the coarser fractions. During the restoration of desertified land, the content and stability of bulk‐soil SOC, total N and P and available N, P and K increased with increasing nutrient contents in all fractions. Topsoil nutrients stored in coarse‐fine sand and very fine sand fractions were more sensitive than those stored in the silt + clay fraction to the fixation of mobile sandy lands and vegetation recovery. The changes of bulk‐soil nutrients and their stability were decided by the soil nutrients associated with all particle‐size fractions. Path analysis revealed that SOC and total nutrients in very fine sand and available nutrients in coarse‐fine sand were the key factors driving the soil recovery. These results will help us understand soil recovery mechanisms and evaluate the degree of recovery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic and functional properties of bulboglandularis striated muscle support its contribution as sphincter in female rabbit micturition
Authors: Corona‐Quintanilla Dora Luz , López‐Juárez Rhode , Zempoalteca René , Cuevas Estela , Castelán Francisco , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo determine anatomic and functional properties of the bulboglandularis muscle (Bgm) for clarifying its role in micturition in female rabbits.Material and MethodsVirgin female rabbits were used to describe the gross anatomy and innervation of the Bgm, to determine the effect of the Bgm contraction on urethral pressure, and to evaluate the Bgm activity during the induced‐micturition. Both electromyogram and cystometrogram activity were simultaneously recorded in urethane‐anesthetized rabbits. Bladder function was assessed measuring standard urodynamic variables before and after blocking the Bgm activity for approaching its contribution to micturition. The relevance of the Bgm activation for micturition was approached applying lidocaine injections.ResultsThe Bgm was composed of circularly oriented striated fibers enveloping distal urethra and pelvic vagina. Both the venous plexus and urethra were comprised by the Bgm contraction induced by electrical stimulation. The Bgm showed bursts of tonic activity at the storage phase of micturition that gradually decreased until turning off as the onset of the voiding phase. The voided volume, the voiding efficiency, the threshold pressure, and the maximal pressure were decreased after lidocaine injection. Contrastingly, the threshold volume, the residual volume, the voiding duration, and the urethral resistance at voiding were increased.ConclusionsPresent anatomical and physiological findings support that the Bgm acts as a sphincter during micturition of female rabbits. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:689–695, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Traffic‐related air pollution and the incidence of childhood central nervous system tumors: Texas, 2001–2009
Authors: Danysh Heather E. , Mitchell Laura E. , Zhang Kai , Scheurer Michael E. , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundDue to increasing concerns regarding air pollution and childhood cancer, we conducted a population‐based study evaluating the association between traffic‐related hazardous air pollutants (1,3‐butadiene, benzene, diesel particulate matter [DPM]) and the incidence of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors.ProcedureInformation on children diagnosed with a CNS tumor at <15 years of age, in Texas, for the period of 2001–2009 (n = 1,949) was obtained from the Texas Cancer Registry. Information on the corresponding at‐risk population was obtained from the United States (U.S.) Census. Annual census tract‐level pollutant concentrations, estimated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, were categorized based on quartiles (low, medium, medium‐high, and high) of the statewide distribution. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR). Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas (JPAs) (n = 384), other astrocytomas (n = 372), ependymomas (n = 142), medulloblastomas (n = 235), and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) (n = 47) were evaluated.ResultsCensus tracts with medium and medium‐high 1,3‐butadiene concentrations had higher astrocytoma incidence rates (aIRR [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.46 [1.05‐2.01] and 1.69 [1.22‐2.33], respectively) compared with low concentrations. Census tracts with medium DPM concentrations had higher astrocytoma (aIRR [95%CI]: 1.42 [1.05–1.94]) and medulloblastoma (aIRR [95%CI]: 1.46 [1.01–2.12]) incidence rates compared with low concentrations. Increased concentrations of 1,3‐butadiene and benzene were strongly associated with increased PNET incidence rates, but were not statistically significant. No associations were detected with JPA or ependymoma incidence.ConclusionsIn one of the largest studies of its kind, our results suggest positive associations between hazardous air pollutants and incidence of astrocytoma (1,3‐butadiene and DPM) and medulloblastoma (DPM). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1572–1578. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reaction of a Particle Suspension in a Rapidly‐Heated Oxidizing Gas
Authors: Soo Michael , Goroshin Samuel , Bergthorson Jeffrey M. , Frost David L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe reaction of a suspension of solid particles in a rapidly‐heated oxidizing gas is relevant to metalized explosives and propellants, as well as to combustion of solid fuel‐particle suspensions in premixed‐gaseous‐fuel clouds encountered in accidents within the mining and process industries. A simplified model is considered, using a constant‐volume approximation, which assumes that non‐volatile particles react heterogeneously via a one‐step surface reaction. The resulting unified particle reaction rate includes both kinetic and diffusive reaction resistances. It is shown that the onset of the chemical reaction in a rapidly heated particulate suspension may occur by two different physical mechanisms. The first mechanism, realized in a dilute suspension of particles, is defined by the ignition of a single particle, i.e., by the critical phenomenon associated with the rapid transition from a kinetically‐ to diffusively‐limited reaction regime. The second mechanism dominates the reaction onset in a dense particulate suspension and occurs in a similar manner to the reaction onset in a rapidly‐heated homogeneous gas mixture, where the highly‐activated reaction occurs in an explosion‐like manner after some time delay and preheating. Unlike the single particle ignition phenomenon, the second mechanism lacks criticality and is not limited to particles above a certain size. The interplay between these two reaction‐onset mechanisms leads to a nontrivial dependence of the total reaction time on the particle size and solid‐fuel concentration within the suspension.
About dislocation and oxygen related luminescence of Si around 0.8 eV
Authors: Kittler M. , Arguirov T. , Reiche M. , Krause C. , Mankovics D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn conjunction with the two‐level model the temperature behaviour of the dislocation‐related D1‐peak follows the T‐behaviour of the band gap. Based on luminescence observations in our laboratory and on literature data we propose a ∼30 meV wide domain of the D1 peak. Altogether, the D1‐peak position ranges between about 0.76 eV at 300 K and nearly 0.84 eV at a few K. It was shown that the energetic shift for a certain temperature is caused by external electric fields, by excitation level, that affects the intrinsic dislocation field, and by elastic stress. The luminescence of oxygen‐related defects / precipitates might be described by a line at ∼ 0.77 eV (P‐line) that does not depend on temperature. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficient revocable identity‐based encryption from multilinear maps
Authors: Mao Xianping , Lai Junzuo , Chen Kefei , Weng Jian , Mei Qixiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn Identity‐Based Encryption (IBE) systems, there is a widespread concern over the issue on how to provide an efficient revocation mechanism. We develop a new approach in constructing an efficient revocable IBE scheme. Our approach utilizes recent advances in multilinear maps and combines a two‐level hierarchical IBE scheme with a revocation encryption system. In our revocable IBE scheme, both the public parameters and the private key are constant‐size. Simultaneously, the size of the update key at some time is only proportional to the number of revoked users at the time. Our proposed scheme is proven secure in the selective revocation list model without relying on random oracles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simplified criteria and economic design for king piles in combined steel pile walls according to Eurocode 3, part 1‐1
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Just Adrian , Leitz Bernadette , Grabe Jürgen , Schallück Christoph 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe steady growth in world trade leads to a demand for more port and harbour facilities. One of the most common forms of construction for deep‐water harbour quays is the combined steel pile wall. It consists of up to 45 m long H‐section king piles plus Z‐section intermediate sheet pile infill elements. The intermediate elements and the quay both transfer all forces to the king piles, which as a result are loaded with (bi)axial bending and axial force, so their stability must be checked. Up to now the effect of the soil surrounding the piles was used just in terms of best practice – buckling about the weak axis and lateral torsional buckling were neglected completely. Considering these stability phenomena in design without taking the soil into account would lead to a very conservative approach. As verification of lateral torsional buckling according to EN 1993‐1‐1 (EC3‐1‐1) becomes relevant when the embedment is neglected, a more refined analysis has been developed.This article presents simplified criteria that quickly exclude stability phenomena (flexural buckling about the weak axis and lateral torsional buckling) while taking into account the effects of the soil. For the cases in which the criteria are not fulfilled, the article presents economic solutions that consider the embedment of the king piles in the soil in the design for stability.
Deformation calculation methods for slim floors
Authors: Hauf Gunter , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSlim‐floor structures combine the advantages of prefabricated slab elements with steel‐frame construction and lead to economic building solutions fulfilling the demands of modern architecture in combination with transparent structural envelopes without intervening columns as well as implicit flexibility for sustainable construction. Over past years, new slim‐floor solutions have been developed to broaden the market for composite structures when compared with conventional concrete flat slabs. However, due to the shallow depth of composite slim‐floor girders, their structural response, especially their deflection behaviour, differs from normal composite girders. The concrete is already in the cracked condition under service loads in regions of sagging bending moments. The contribution of the concrete chord to the effective moment of inertia Ii,0 of the composite cross‐section and the bending moment Mc in the concrete chord are not negligible for the total loadbearing capacity of the composite section. These two effects are not normally considered when calculating the deflections of composite girders based on the effective width given in codes such as EN 1994‐1‐1 [1]. Therefore, the following paper will show different methods for calculating the deflection of these shallow types of composite girder.
Slim‐floor construction using hollow‐core and composite decking systems
Authors: Lawson Mark , Beguin Philippe , Obiala Renata , Braun Matthias 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article reviews the performance characteristics of and some recent developments in slim‐floor and integrated beam construction. This form of construction provides a flat floor using precast concrete slabs or deep composite decking and offers advantages over other forms of construction in many sectors. Composite slim‐floor beams have superior stiffness and can achieve longer spans.
Emerging aspects of treatment in mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Rahman Shamima 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMitochondrial diseases are clinically, biochemically and genetically heterogeneous disorders of two genomes, for which effective curative therapies are currently lacking. With the exception of a few rare vitamin/cofactor responsive conditions (including ACAD9 deficiency, disorders of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis, and Leigh syndrome caused by mutations in the SLC19A3 transporter), the mainstay of treatment for the vast majority of patients involves supportive measures. The search for a cure for mitochondrial disease is the subject of intensive research efforts by many investigators across the globe, but the goal remains elusive. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity, multisystemic nature of many of these disorders, unpredictable natural course, relative inaccessibility of the mitochondrion and lack of validated, clinically meaningful outcome measures, have all presented great challenges to the design of rigorous clinical trials. This review discusses barriers to developing effective therapies for mitochondrial disease, models for evaluating the efficacy of novel treatments and summarises the most promising emerging therapies in six key areas: 1) antioxidant approaches; 2) stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis; 3) targeting mitochondrial membrane lipids, dynamics and mitophagy; 4) replacement therapy; 5) cell‐based therapies; and 6) gene therapy approaches for both mtDNA and nuclear‐encoded defects of mitochondrial metabolism.