bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new combined fabrication process to shape small flexure hinges
Authors: Fava Marco , Parenti-Castelli Vincenzo , Conconi Michele , Sancisi Nicola 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a new combined fabrication method, named 3D-PLAST, aimed at overcoming inherent limitations of conventional additive manufacturing techniques when producing small flexure hinges in compliant mechanisms. Flexure hinges play a crucial role in various applications, offering advantages such as cost reduction, increased precision, and weight reduction. However, traditional additive manufacturing proves challenging in achieving satisfactory mechanical properties when manufacturing small-size hinges. To overcome these limitations, the 3D-PLAST process combines fused filament fabrication with compressive plastic deformation. This hybrid process exploits the advantages of both techniques, i.e., flexibility, low cost, and ease of use. This process enables the fabrication of small-size mechanisms with good dimensional accuracy. Finally, the paper reports experimental tests on two materials comparing flexure hinges manufactured by 3D-PLAST versus 3D printing methods to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed process.
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase promotes endothelium-to-mesenchymal transition and exacerbates doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity
Authors: Dhulkifle Hevna , Therachiyil Lubna , Hasan Maram H. , Sayed Tahseen S. , Younis Shahd M. , Korashy Hesham M. , Yalcin Huseyin C. , Maayah Zaid H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapy widely used in treating various neoplastic diseases. However, the clinical use of DOX is limited due to its potential toxic effect on the cardiovascular system. Thus, identifying the pathway involved in this toxicity may help minimize chemotherapy risk and improve cancer patients’ quality of life. Recent studies suggest that Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and endothelial toxicity contribute to the pathogenesis of DOX-induced cardiovascular toxicity. However, the molecular mechanism is yet unknown. Given that arachidonic acid and associated cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase have been involved in endothelial and cardiovascular function, we aimed to examine the effect of suppressing CYP epoxygenases on DOX-induced EndMT and cardiovascular toxicity in vitro and in vivo.

Methods and Results
To test this, human endothelial cells were treated with DOX, with or without CYP epoxygenase inhibitor, MSPPOH. We also investigated the effect of MSPPOH on the cardiovascular system in our zebrafish model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Our results showed that MSPPOH exacerbated DOX-induced EndMT, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in our endothelial cells. Furthermore, we also show that MSPPOH increased cardiac edema, lowered vascular blood flow velocity, and worsened the expression of EndMT and cardiac injury markers in our zebrafish model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that a selective CYP epoxygenase inhibitor, MSPPOH, induces EndMT and endothelial toxicity to contribute to DOX-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
Optimizing Antifungal Treatment Strategies to Prevent Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infection-Related Deaths in Intensive Care Unit Patients: The Need for Standardization of Research Definitions
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Vena Antonio , Bavastro Martina , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe clinical spectrum of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has expanded in recent decades. A large group of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) is indeed susceptible to the development of IPA. Although timely diagnosis and antifungal therapy of IPA in this expanding population is crucial to prevent IPA-related deaths, the magnitude of the favorable prognostic impact of antifungal therapy is difficult to measure precisely. In our opinion, the development of standardized research definitions could have favorable implications for further improving our ability both to measure the favorable effect of antifungal treatment and to prevent IPA-related death in ICU patients.
Rocking block simulation based on numerical dissipation
Authors: D’Altri A. M. , Vlachakis G. , de Miranda S. , Lourenço P. B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a computational approach based on numerical dissipation is proposed to simulate rocking blocks. A rocking block is idealized as a solid body interacting with its foundation through a contact-based formulation. An implicit time integration scheme with numerical dissipation, set to optimally treat dissipation in contact problems, is employed. The numerical dissipation is ruled by the time step and the rocking dissipative phenomenon at impacts is accurately predicted without any damping model. A broad numerical campaign is conducted to define a regression law in analytic form for the setting of the time step, depending on the block size and aspect ratio, the contact stiffness, as well as the coefficient of restitution selected. The so-obtained regression law appears accurate and an a posteriori validation with cases not in the training dataset confirms the effectiveness of the approach. Finally, the comparison with available experimental tests highlights the approach efficacy for free rocking and harmonic loading cases (in a deterministic sense), and for earthquake-like loading cases (in a statistical sense). It is found that rocking blocks with sizes of interest for structural engineering (e.g., cultural heritage structures) can be simulated with time steps within 10–3 ÷ 10–1 s, so allowing very fast computations.
Nonlinear dynamics analysis of hydraulic turbochargers in reverse osmosis desalination plants
Authors: Sayed Hussein , El-Sayed Tamer A. , Friswell Michael I. , El-Mongy Heba H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe hydraulic turbocharger plays a vital role in harnessing the energy stored in brine within reverse osmosis desalination plants. To optimize the efficiency and durability of this equipment, it is crucial to develop accurate dynamic models of the turbocharger rotor. An improved understanding of rotor dynamics enables the integration of innovative technologies such as Hydraulic Energy Management Integration, effectively enhancing efficiencies in systems characterized by small capacities and high rotational speeds. This study presents a dynamic modeling methodology for the hydraulic turbocharger. The analysis involves approximating the turbocharger rotor with an equivalent finite element shaft line model. Verification of the model’s natural frequency is conducted using three-dimensional finite element analysis, employing the ANSYS modal analysis module. Computational fluid dynamics is employed to evaluate the fluid forces, while the Reynolds equation is utilized to assess the journal bearing forces. The resulting model is employed to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the rotor, examining the impact of various system parameters, including rotational speed, unbalance forces, and shaft geometrical parameters. The results highlight the significance of balancing the turbine and pump disks for optimal performance. Furthermore, the research demonstrates that increasing the shaft length reduces the rotor’s threshold speed, while increasing the shaft diameter initially raises the threshold speed until it reaches a critical value. Beyond this critical value, further increases in shaft diameter lead to a decrease in the threshold speed.
Very Long Transient Oxidation of a Nickel-based Single-Crystal Superalloy at 900 °C and 850 °C
Authors: Batiste Martin , Perez Thomas , Sanviemvongsak Tom , Desgranges Clara , Monceau Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe isothermal oxidation of Ni-base single-crystal superalloy AM1 was investigated for up to 3600 h at 850 °C and 900 °C. The aim of the study was to test an existing model of oxidation kinetics that considers transitory oxide growth. The samples were characterized at various intervals to correlate the microstructure of the oxide scale with the oxidation kinetics. Transition alumina (θ) was observed among other transition oxides such as spinel, rutile, and chromia, which helped in understanding the nature and kinetics of the transitory stage. After a sufficiently long duration, all samples formed a continuous α-alumina layer at the metal/oxide interface. The previously published model, based on three kinetic parameters, was validated in the temperature range of 800–1200 °C. The duration of the transient regime characterized in this study at 850 °C and 900 °C was consistent with the kinetics model, with a slight increase in the value of the model parameter describing the lateral growth kinetics of α-alumina. This modification resulted in a slight reduction in the duration of the transient regime at low temperatures.
Modification of crystalline graphitic carbon nitride for improve efficiency in photocatalytic destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under visible light irradiation
Authors: Shvalagin Vitaliy , Kutsenko Aleksandr , Stara Tetyana , Hlukhova Polina , Skoryk Mykola , Kuchmiy Stepan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, we show that the use of a mixture of melamine and oxalic acid during the synthesis of acid-treated crystalline graphitic carbon nitride samples significantly enhances its photocatalytic activity in VOCs destruction processes. The rate of photocatalytic ethanol destruction with the participation of modified crystalline graphitic carbon nitride obtained under optimal conditions is 67.1 μmol h−1, which is almost twice higher than sample synthesized in the absence of oxalic acid, and is two orders of magnitude higher than the activity of bulk g–C3N4. The synthesized materials were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, PL, SEM, and EDXA methods. The high activity of the modified carbon nitride samples is attributed to increased light absorption in the visible region of the spectrum and better crystallinity, which can lead to more efficient separation and transport of photogenerated charges. To our knowledge, the effect of the simultaneous use of melamine and oxalic acid for obtaining acid-treated crystalline graphitic carbon nitride is, shown for the first time.
Through the secret gate: a study of member-contributed submissions in PNAS
Authors: Andersen Jens Peter , Horbach Serge P. J. M. , Ross-Hellauer Tony 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work studies “Contributed” articles in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), a streamlined submission track for members of the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS). We assess the characteristics and impact of those articles and the background and status of their authors, by comparing these articles to PNAS articles following the traditional editorial process. Analyzing over 46,000 articles published between 2007 and 2020, we find: Firstly, and perhaps most centrally, (1) Contributed articles generally appear in lower per-author citation deciles than Direct submissions, but are more likely to appear in the overall top citation deciles of authors; (2) PNAS-Contributed articles tend to spend less time in the review process than Direct submissions; (3) Direct submissions tend to be slightly higher cited than Contributed articles, which are particularly overrepresented amongst least-cited PNAS papers. Disciplinary differences were negligible; (4) authors with lower mean normalized citation scores are profiting most from articles published as Contributed papers, in terms of citation impact; (5) NAS members tend to publish most Contributed articles in the first years after becoming an NAS member, with men publishing more of these articles than women; (6) Contributing authors take up a unique niche in terms of authorship roles, mainly performing supervisory and conceptualisation tasks, without the administration and funding acquisition tasks usually associated with last authors.
Private security for curbing unwanted sexual behaviours in train stations: a place-based randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ariel Barak , Langton John , Peters Kerry , Webster Kim , Assaraf Noy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Unwanted sexual behaviours (USB) are widespread within mass transit networks worldwide. The present study examines the effectiveness of a place-based approach to tackle USB: repeated visits by capable guardians to prevent victimisation in train stations with a greater propensity for incidence of USB.

Methods
Pretest-posttest between groups randomised controlled trial on the effect of an intervention administered by a non-police security team at a prominent train operating company in England and Wales. Eligible hotspot stations (n = 51) were randomly assigned to two conditions: enhanced security measures, encompassing heightened presence of security staff, proactive interaction with possible victims, and pre-emptive efforts to prevent USB, and business-as-usual conditions. Negative binomial regression models estimate the treatment effect in terms of USB, violence, and all other incidents in the treatment compared to the control arms.

Findings
The implementation of heightened security measures led to significant reductions in reported incidents of USB at treatment stations compared to control stations. The intervention has also led to significant decreases in reported violent incidents but has had no significant effect on other reported incidents.

Conclusions
Security personnel have the potential to serve as efficient guardians in train stations, effectively reducing the risk of USB and violence. The findings highlight the efficacy of place-based interventions as measures against USB. However, the intervention comes with a significant opportunity cost as the security teams had limited capacity to deal with other crime types. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Changes in the urinary metabolome accompanied alterations in body mass and composition in women with overweight – impact of high versus low protein breakfast
Authors: Correia Banny Silva Barbosa , Dalgaard Line Barner , Thams Line , Hansen Mette , Bertram Hanne Christine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Understanding why subjects with overweight and with obesity vary in their response to dietary interventions is of major interest for developing personalized strategies for body mass regulation.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in the urine metabolome and body mass during a breakfast meal intervention. Furthermore, we aimed to elucidate if the baseline urine metabolome could predict the response to the two types of breakfast meals (high versus low protein) during the intervention.

Methods
A total of 75 young, women with overweight were randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups: (1) High-protein (HP) or (2) low-protein (LP) breakfast as part of their habitual diet during a 12-week intervention. Beside the breakfast meal, participants were instructed to eat their habitual diet and maintain their habitual physical activity level. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was conducted on urine samples collected at baseline (wk 0), mid-intervention (wk 6), and at endpoint (wk 12). At baseline and endpoint, body mass was measured and DXA was used to measure lean body mass and fat mass.

Results
The baseline urine metabolite profile showed a slightly higher correlation (R2 = 0.56) to body mass in comparison with lean body mass (R2 = 0.51) and fat mass (R2 = 0.53). Baseline 24-h urinary excretion of trigonelline (p = 0.04), N, N-dimethylglycine (p = 0.02), and trimethylamine (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in individuals who responded with a reduction in body mass to the HP breakfast.

Conclusions
Differences in the urine metabolome were seen for women that obtained a body weight loss in the response to the HP breakfast intervention and women who did not obtain a body weight loss, indicating that the urine metabolome contains information about the metabolic phenotype that influences the responsiveness to dietary interventions.
Radiomics as a tool for prognostic prediction in transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deng Kaige , Chen Tong , Leng Zijian , Yang Fan , Lu Tao , Cao Jingying , Pan Weixuan , Zheng Yongchang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the predominant locoregional therapeutic modalities for addressing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, achieving precise prognostic predictions and effective patient selection remains a challenging pursuit. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy of radiomics in forecasting the prognosis associated with TACE treatment.

Methods
A comprehensive exploration of pertinent original studies was undertaken, encompassing databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. The studies' quality was meticulously evaluated employing the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 (QUADAS-2), the radiomics quality score (RQS) and the METhodological RadiomICs Score (METRICS). Pooled statistics, along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were computed for sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR). Additionally, a summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) was generated. To discern potential sources of heterogeneity, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed.

Results
The systematic review incorporated 29 studies, comprising a total of 5483 patients, with 14 studies involving 2691 patients qualifying for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The assessed studies exhibited commendable quality with regard to bias risk, with mean RQS of 12.90 ± 5.13 (35.82% ± 14.25%) and mean METRICS of 62.98% ± 14.58%. The pooled sensitivity was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.87), specificity was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79–0.92), PLR was 6.13 (95% CI: 3.79–9.90), and NLR was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15–0.27). The area under the sROC was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.93). Significant heterogeneity within all the included studies was observed, while meta-regression and subgroup analyses revealed homogeneous and promising findings in subgroups where principal methodological variables such as modeling algorithms, imaging modalities, and imaging phases were specified.

Conclusion
Radiomics models have exhibited robust predictive capabilities concerning prognosis subsequent to TACE, thereby presenting promising prospects for clinical translation.
Comparing shear wave elastography of breast tumors and axillary nodes in the axillary assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with node-positive breast cancer
Authors: Huang Jia-Xin , Liu Feng-Tao , Sun Lu , Ma Chao , Fu Jia , Wang Xue-Yan , Huang Gui-Ling , Zhang Yu-Ting , Pei Xiao-Qing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Accurately identifying patients with axillary pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients remains challenging.

Purpose
To compare the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) performed on breast tumors and axillary lymph nodes (LNs) in predicting the axillary status after NAC.

Materials and Methods
This prospective study included a total of 319 breast cancer patients with biopsy-proven positive node who received NAC followed by axillary lymph node dissection from 2019 to 2022. The correlations between shear wave velocity (SWV) and pathologic characteristics were analyzed separately for both breast tumors and LNs after NAC. We compared the performance of SWV between breast tumors and LNs in predicting the axillary status after NAC. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of the most significantly correlated pathologic characteristic in breast tumors and LNs to investigate the pathologic evidence supporting the use of breast or axilla SWE.

Results
Axillary pCR was achieved in 51.41% of patients with node-positive breast cancer. In breast tumors, there is a stronger correlation between SWV and collagen volume fraction (CVF) (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) compared to tumor cell density (TCD) (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). In axillary LNs, SWV was weakly correlated with CVF (r = 0.31, p = 0.177) and TCD (r = 0.29, p = 0.213). No significant correlation was found between SWV and necrosis proportion in breast tumors or axillary LNs. The predictive performances of both SWV and CVF for axillary pCR were found to be superior in breast tumors (AUC = 0.87 and 0.85, respectively) compared to axillary LNs (AUC = 0.70 and 0.74, respectively).

Conclusion
SWE has the ability to characterize the extracellular matrix, and serves as a promising modality for evaluating axillary LNs after NAC. Notably, breast SWE outperform axilla SWE in determining the axillary status in breast cancer patients after NAC.
COVID-19 Disruptions to Social Care Delivery: A Qualitative Study in Two Large, Safety-Net Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Brown Christopher O. , Perez Yesenia , Campa Manuel , Sorto Gerson , Sonik Rajan , Taira Breena R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Social care integration refers to the incorporation of activities into health systems that assist patients with health-related social needs (HRSNs) that negatively impact the health outcomes of their patients, such as food insecurity or homelessness. Social care integration initiatives are becoming more common. The COVID-19 pandemic strained health systems while simultaneously increasing levels of unmet social needs.

Objective
To describe the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on established social care delivery in a primary care setting.

Design
We used qualitative semi-structured interviews of stakeholders to assess barriers and facilitators to social care delivery in the primary care setting during the COVID-19 health emergency. Data was analyzed using a hybrid inductive/deductive thematic analysis approach with both the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Screen-Navigate-Connect-Address-Evaluate model of social care integration.

Setting
Two safety-net, hospital-based primary care clinics with established screening for food insecurity, homelessness, and legal needs.

Participants
Six physicians, six nurses, six members of the social work team (clinical social workers and medical case workers), six community health workers, and six patients (total N = 30) completed interviews.

Results
Four major themes were identified. (1) A strained workforce experienced challenges confronting increased levels of HRSNs. (2) Vulnerable populations experienced a disproportionate negative impact in coping with effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on HRSNs. (3) COVID-19 protections compounded social isolation but did not extinguish the sense of community. (4) Fluctuations in the social service landscape led to variable experiences.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted established social care delivery in a primary care setting. Many of the lessons learned about challenges to social care delivery when health systems are strained are important considerations that can inform efforts to expand social care delivery.