bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Children’s Artwork to Improve Adherence with Timely Antibiotic Administration in Open Fractures
Authors: Chu Kathy , Zehtabchi Shahriar , Roudnitsky Valery , Harry Fred , Baron Bonny J. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Antibiotics for open fractures (OFs) administered within 60 min of emergency department (ED) arrival reduce patients’ infection risk. We tested a novel method of displaying children’s drawings to prompt clinicians to improve adherence with early antibiotics for OFs.

Methods:
Registry-based pre- (January 1, 2016–June 30, 2019) and post- (July 1, 2019–March 31, 2022) intervention at a level 1 trauma center. In July 2019, children’s artwork depicting OF was displayed in the ED alongside OF guidelines and E-mailed to faculty and residents. Primary outcome: proportion of OF patients who received antibiotics within 60 min of arrival. Time to antibiotics was calculated from ED arrival to time-stamped administration in the electronic health record. We compared time to antibiotics as continuous variables between the two groups. Proportions are presented with percentages and 95% confidence interval (CI); continuous variables as median and quartiles. Chi-square or Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for group comparisons.

Results:
Five hundred fifty-four total OF patients were identified (excluded: transferred = 1, ED death = 4, unclear time to antibiotics = 11); 281 pre-implementation and 257 post-implementation. The median age was 34 years (quartiles 24 and 46). Trauma mechanisms of injury included 300 blunt (56%) and 238 penetrating (44%). Gustilo OF classification by type were as follows: 71% I, 13% II, 15% III, 1% unclassified. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) in both percentage of patients who received antibiotics within 60 min (58%, 95% CI, 52%–63% vs. 79%, 95% CI, 74%–84%) and time to antibiotics (median: 46 min vs. 25 min) between pre- and postphases, respectively.

Conclusions:
Children’s artwork in our ED improved adherence with OF guidelines and decreased time to antibiotics.
Food taboos practice and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Doctor Bogalech Gebre memorial general hospital, Durame town, Southern Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Akiso Denebo E. , Mosisa Merisa , Abame Desta E. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Food taboos are customs that prevent certain foods and beverages from being consumed within a society for religious and cultural reasons. Due to the restriction of essential foods and beverages, it has a significant negative health impact on pregnant women and offspring. However, there is a lack of data regarding Ethiopian food taboos practices in general and in this study area particularly.

Objective:
To assess the magnitude of food taboos practice and associated factors among pregnant women in Dr. Bogalech Gebre memorial general Hospital, Durame Town, Southern Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods:
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women from August 1 to 30, 2022 by using systematic sampling techniques. Data were entered into epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 26 for further analysis. Statistical significance was declared at a P-value < 0.05 with a 95% Confidence level.

Results:
From the total 422 pregnant mothers, 54.5% (95% CI 49.90–59.20) of them encounter food taboos practice at least for one food item. The age group of pregnant mothers was 25–34 years [AOR = 0.48, 95% CI (0.28–0.84)]; the number of family size was 4–6 were [AOR = 0.42, 95% CI (0.19–0.88)]. Previous antenatal care [AOR = 1.64, 95% CI (1.02–2.66)], change feeding habit [AOR = 1.52, 95% CI (1.02–2.33)], and nausea and vomiting during pregnancy [AOR = 1.83, 95% CI (1.16–2.91)] were significantly associated with food taboos practice.

Conclusion:
The magnitude of food taboos practice among pregnant women was public health problems. Age, family size, previous antenatal care follow-up, changing feeding habits, and nausea and vomiting during pregnancy were found to be factors affecting food taboos practice.
Diagnostic accuracy of mean corpuscular volume in detecting coexisting iron deficiency in patients of sickle cell disorders: A hospital-based study
Authors: Joshi Madhura , Joshi Abhishek 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Co-existing iron deficiency in patients of sickle cell disease (SCD) and trait may worsen anemia, and adversely affect neuro-cognitive development and growth. Determining a cut-off below which Mean corpuscular Volume (MCV) can predict iron deficiency in SCD patients can preclude use of more expensive test serum ferritin.

Aims:
This study was conducted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of low MCV in detecting iron deficiency compared to serum ferritin levels in patients with SCD.

Methods:
60 consecutive patients with SS or AS pattern on hemoglobin electrophoresis were enrolled. The index test (MCV) and the reference standard test (serum ferritin) were performed in a blind and independent manner. The measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated and the precision of the point estimates were expressed by 95% confidence intervals. As MCV is a continuous variable, we also used multi-level likelihood ratios to compute diagnostic accuracy of MCV at several cut-points.

Results:
The sensitivity of low MCV in detecting iron deficiency was 40.0% (95% CI-20.0-63.6), the specificity was 78.4% (95% CI-61.3-89.6) using serum ferritin as a reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity of predicting coexisting iron deficiency at this point was 60.9% (CI-38.6-80.3%) and 75.7% (CI-58.8-88.2%) respectively.

Conclusions:
The low sensitivity (40%) of microcytosis in detecting iron deficiency indicates that many cases will be missed if MCV alone is used to detect co-existing iron deficiency anemia in SCD patients. No single test is good enough to detect co-existing iron deficiency and a combination of tests might be useful.
Journey of Guillain Barre syndrome from the pre-pandemic era to the pandemic era: A 4-year retrospective study
Authors: Maini Deepinder Kaur , Dixit Anubhuti , Sharma Bipan , Nanda Satyan , Rehani Varun , Anand Rajiv 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:
To study demographic and clinical profiles of Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) in the pre-pandemic and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era and to compare the GBS incidence, severity, and its outcome in the pre-pandemic and pandemic eras.

Methodology:
This is a 4-year retrospective study done in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India, between March 2018 and March 2022. Patients were divided into the pre-pandemic era and pandemic era (2 years before and 2 years after March 2020).

Results:
The number of patients (N) was 25 in the pandemic/vaccine era, while N = 49 in the pre-pandemic era. The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly higher (P = 0.03) during the pandemic era (10.68 ± 6.67 days) compared to the pre-pandemic era (7.59 ± 3.55 days). There was no statistical difference in age (P = 0.56), gender (P = 0.70), GBS variants (P = 0.40), clinical spectrum, antecedent infection (P = 0.91), Hughes Disability Score on admission and discharge (P = 0.93 and P = 0.52, respectively), respiratory involvement requiring a ventilator (P = 0.19), and mortality (P = 0.26) in both the eras.

Conclusion:
Our study showed no association of the incidence of GBS with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The mean hospitalization days were significantly increased during COVID-19 in view of associated respiratory involvement. The commonly held hypothesis of the increase in GBS cases during the pandemic/vaccine era has not been observed in our study.
Changes in body mass index and three-year incidence of overweight/obesity among urban women aged 30–40 years in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India: A non-concurrent cohort study
Authors: Thomas Beeson , Oommen Anu , Prasad Jasmine Helen , Ramachandran Sharanya , Minz Shantidani 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Although studies often report the prevalence of obesity, community-based studies reporting the incidence of overweight or obesity in India are scarce. Such incidence data are crucial for improving projections about the future burden of obesity.

Methods:
A non-concurrent follow-up study was done in 2015 in urban Vellore, Tamil Nadu, among two groups of women aged 30-40 years, with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 (normal) and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (overweight/obese) in 2012, to assess changes in BMI. The sampling frame consisted of 473 women: 209 women with BMI <25 kg/m2, and 264 women with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, who were part of a cross-sectional survey in 2012. A randomly selected list of 370 women (80% of the original cohort) was used to trace the women. Measurements at follow-up included weight, height, dietary and other risk factors.

Results:
Of 370 women, 170 (45.9%) were followed up at the end of three years, which included 82 with BMI <25 kg/m2 and 88 with BMI >25 kg/m2. The incidence of overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) in three years, was 29.2% (24/82), among women with a normal BMI (<25 kg/m2) in 2012. Among the 88 women who were overweight/obese in 2012, there was no regression to normal BMI within the three years of follow-up. There was an association between the incidence of overweight and the intake of carbohydrates (adjusted odds ratios (AORs): 3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04 to 8.63) and protein intake (AOR: 20.0, 95% CI:2.5 to 158.3).

Conclusions:
This study found an incidence of nearly one-third (29.2%) of developing high BMI (≥25.0 kg/m2) in 30-40-year-old urban women from Vellore, implying a rapid increase in overweight and obesity among young women.
A prospective study on risk assessment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in general surgery patients
Authors: Bharti Nita , Luther Anil , Deodhar Michael , Mahajan Amit , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims and Objective:
To evaluate the patients at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) based on Caprini VTE risk assessment scale and the effect of implementation of this scale on the use of thromboprophylaxis.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study was conducted, including patients who underwent major elective surgical procedures. Demographic details were noted, and VTE prophylaxis offered if needed. According to the VTE risk assessment scale, patients were categorised into very low-, low-, moderate-, and high-risk categories. The data were analysed statistically.

Results:
A total of 500 patients (women = 259; men = 241) were enrolled in this study. Of them, eight women and nine men developed VTE (P = 0.691). The maximum number of patients who developed VTE belonged to 61–70 years group (n = 7). According to VTE risk assessment, 61 patients were categorised as low-risk, 217 patients as moderate-risk, and 222 patients were categorised as high-risk. A significant (P < 0.0005) correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and VTE development. In obese patients with BMI >25, 14 patients developed VTE. Out of total, 329 patients received prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis. Of 284 patients who received pharmacologic prophylaxis, only three developed VTE (P = 0.002). Of 145 patients who received mechanical prophylaxis, 75 had high risk and none of them developed VTE. Four patients had mortality, and a significant (P = 0.022) correlation was found between mortality and VTE development.

Conclusion:
According to Caprini risk assessment scale, the prophylaxis for VTE was effective in patients undergoing major elective general surgery, resulting in significant lowering of morbidity and mortality.
A cross-sectional study on clinical characteristics and severity of children with COVID-19 admitted to a teaching institute in North India
Authors: Nauriyal Deepty , Dubey Rishabh , Agrawal Pulak , Kumar Deepak , Punj Ajay , Nasser Kaynat 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
SARS-CoV-2 infection presentation in children is usually milder than in adults but can be severe and fatal as well. Data on the pediatric population regarding severity and clinical presentation are still limited, and there is a need to have a better understanding of clinical features, severity, and laboratory parameters.

Aims and Objective:
To document clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of children with SARS-CoV-2 in a low-middle-income country and to evaluate clinicodemographic factors and biochemical markers associated with severity and mortality.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 COVID-19-positive children at a designated Level-3 center in North India. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and severity of COVID-19 cases as well as factors associated with the severity of the disease, were analyzed by descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test.

Results:
The adolescent age group (age 12-18 years) was affected most (64.3%). Male patients accounted for 56.3% of total cases. Fever was the most common symptom (41.1%) followed by cough. Presenting complaints were highest from the respiratory system (32.1%) followed by the gastrointestinal (8.9%) and the neurological system (7.1%). Majority of patients had mild disease (87%) while 13% had the moderate-severe disease. Spo2 < 95% (P = 0.00001), neutrophilia (P < 0.000001), lymphopenia (P < 0.000001), elevated values of C-reactive protein (P < 0.00001), Interleukin-6 (P = 0.002), D- dimer (P = 0.00014) and respiratory symptoms as presenting complaints (P < 0.000001) were found to be significantly associated with severity of disease.

Conclusion:
The male and adolescent age group was affected most. Presenting complaints were highest from the respiratory system. Unusual presentation may have gastrointestinal or neurological presentation. Most children with COVID-19 had mild disease. Moderate to severe disease was not uncommon. Factors including neutrophilia, lymphopenia, elevated lab values of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 had a significant association with the severity of the disease. These biomarkers can help predict the severity of the disease.
Nicotine prevalence among youth of rural Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Singh Sujan , Fatima Anum , Jain Ashish , Jain Anjali , Singh Sejjal 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children are more sensitive to tobacco advertisements than adults. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that tobacco use has doubled in the past four decades particularly among the youth. Smoking among teenagers is an issue that affects countries worldwide.

Objective:
This study identified the prevalence of tobacco consumption among youth of rural Jaipur. We also studied, their age of initiation of tobacco and their correlation with the income and occupation of parents.

Method:
Community based cross-sectional type of study was conducted on youth of 15-24 years of age in 30 clusters in the Vatika, Jaipur. Cluster sampling technique was adopted. A semi-structured pretested and predesigned questionnaire was used for data collection. The inter-personal communication technique was used maintaining full confidentiality. All the results were transferred onto Microsoft excel sheet and evaluated statistically.

Results:
Out of 420 youths, 79.0% youths consumes nicotine in any form. More male subjects (90.9%) consume nicotine than females (62.8%) highly significantly. 33.1% youths started nicotine consumption <12 years. Youths from more income family(63.6%), illiterate father (76.2%), illiterate mother (74.4%), father having farming as occupation (67.2%), consumes more nicotine. more (88.6%) of youths consume nicotine with their friends. 58.1% parents oppose their children.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of nicotine intake was higher in boys than girls and majority of them consumes nicotine in any form gutka or beedi-cigarette. The reasons for such high dependence of nicotine according to the youth were lack of knowledge of the ill effects of nicotine intake and peer pressure. However, majority of the youth did not want to quit nicotine consumption.
Analysis of the usage and awareness of child safety seats for children aged 0-6 in Leshan City, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Li Song , Wei Qiong , Rao Rui , Li Zhixin , Lu Zhili , Chen Sisi , Wang Li 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the current situation of child safety seat use and children’s cognition of safe riding in Leshan City, and to provide a basis for the promotion and application of child safety seats in Leshan City.

Methods:
From November 2021 to February 2022, a total of 500 car-owning families who visited or were hospitalized in the department of pediatrics of our hospital were surveyed by self-filling questionnaire method. Through the investigation of personal situation, family situation, travel habits, use of child safety seat, cognition of safe riding, etc., the influencing factors of possession and use of child safety seat and cognition were analyzed.

Results:
The ownership rate of car seats was 57.8%, the use rate was 47.6%, and the always use rate was 18.8% among all families with children surveyed. There were no statistically significant differences in the use rate and always use rate of child safety seats among different genders of children, parents’ education background, and car ownership price. The use rate and constant use rate of child safety seats in urban households were significantly higher than those in rural areas. When the main driver was the mother, the use rate of child safety seats was higher, and the difference was statistically significant. From the perspective of cognition, the use rate and constant use rate of the child safety seat of parents with correct cognition were 64.5% and 25.7% respectively, while the use rate and constant use rate of the child safety seat of parents with incorrect cognition were only 11.1% and 4.3%, which were significantly lower than those with correct cognition, and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of cognition, 10.4% of parents think it is safe for children to sit in the back seat with adults in their arms, and 9.0% of family members think it is safe for children to sit in the back seat with seat belts alone.

Conclusions:
At present, the ownership rate, utilization rate, and parents’ correct cognition of child safety seats in Leshan City are all at a low level, and there is a lack of regional legal guidance, so the safety situation of children in cars is worrying. To effectively improve the use of child safety seats, the promotion of child safety seats should be promoted from three aspects: improving parents’ cognition, forming good traffic habits, and legal guidance.
Prevalence and predictors of multimorbidity in older adults, a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Damor Naresh , Makwana Naresh , Kagathara Nency , Yogesh M , Damor Rachita , Murmu Anupama A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Multimorbidity is a condition that refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases or long-term medical conditions in an individual. It has become one of the key issues in the public health sector, particularly among older adults. So, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and its associated factors among older adults.

Methodology:
The present study was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out on the elderly population (≥60 years) in a rural area of the study district, Gujarat. The estimated sample size was 384, and the final sample size was taken as 420, considering the multistage sampling procedure for fair distribution. The eligibility criteria included elderly people ≥60 years old, who were permanent residents (living for ≥6 months) of the study district and willing to participate in the study. Elderly people who were not willing to participate in the study for their reasons were excluded. A multistage sampling procedure was used to choose the study participants. The data collection tools included a pretested, predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: sociodemographic details and morbidity details. Categorical variables were described by frequency and percentage, and numerical variables were described by mean ± SD. Logistic regression analyses were applied to test the relationship of categorized independent and dependent variables, and all tests were two-tailed with statistical significance set at the probability value (P < 0.05).

Results:
Out of the 420 study participants, 52.1% were male and 47.9% were female, with a mean age of 70.70 years (SD ± 8.18 years). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 50%, with males having a mean number of morbidities of 1.38 ± 1.06 and females having a mean number of morbidities of 1.44 ± 0.99. As the age increased, the strength of association of multimorbidity also increased. Literacy level, marital status, occupation (business, farmer, housewife), and family history were statistically associated with multimorbidity in the study participants in both bivariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study provides valuable insights into the health status of the elderly population in the rural area and can be used to inform healthcare policies and interventions aimed at improving the health outcomes of this population.
Epidemiologic correlates of malnutrition among under-three children in the rural community of Northern India
Authors: Sharma Pranjl , Singh Surinder P. , Chaudhary Anurag , Satija Mahesh , Goyal Mayur , Singh Parampratap , Kohli Aditya , Kashyap Ankit , Singla Madhav , Gupta Anirudh , Bhagat Aryan , Prasad Pooja 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Worldwide malnutrition is identified as a major health and nutrition problem. Undernutrition contributes to an estimated 45% of child deaths globally. The prevalence of underweight among children in India is among the highest in the world. Our children also bear a tremendous double burden of malnutrition.

Aims:
To find out the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among six months to three-year-old children in the rural community of Northern India.

Settings and Design:
A community-based cross-sectional study conducted among children aged six months to three years in a rural area of Ludhiana district, Methods and Material: A total of 662 children in the age group of six months to three years from a population of 30,000 were identified and included in the study. All the relevant information regarding these children was collected from family folders. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the modified Udai Pareek scale (MUP).

Statistical analysis used:
The data collected was entered in MS Excel and was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and WHO Anthro Survey Analyzer.

Results:
Out of 662 children, 16% were underweight. Almost 50% of the children in the two—three years category were underweight. The prevalence of stunting in the study population was 20.7% and that of overweight was 4.8%. The prevalence of underweight was higher in children of low socioeconomic status than in children from upper socioeconomic status (P = 0.000). There was a significant association between birth order and increasing cases of underweight (P = 0.000).

Conclusions:
The causes of malnutrition in children are complex and involve multiple factors. There is a need for vigorous monitoring for early detection of malnutrition for children aged two—three years. The improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child.