bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic linkage map of Chinese native variety faba bean (Vicia faba L.) based on simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Ma Yu , Bao Shi‐ying , Yang Tao , Hu Jin‐guo , Guan Jian‐ping , He Yu‐hua , Wang Xue‐Jun , Wan Yu‐ling , Sun Xue‐lian , Jiang Jun‐ye , Gong Cui‐xiang , Zong Xu‐xiao 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSimple sequence repeat (SSR) marker is a powerful tool for construction of genetic linkage map which can be applied for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker‐assisted selection (MAS). In this study, a genetic map of faba bean was constructed with SSR markers using a 129 F2 individuals population derived from the cross of Chinese native variety 91825 (large seed) and K1563 (small seed). By screening 11 551 SSR primers between two parents, 149 primer pairs were detected polymorphic and used for F2 population analysis. This SSR‐based genetic linkage map consisted of 15 linkage groups with 128 SSR. The map encompassed 1587 cM with an average genetic distance of 12.4 cM. The genetic map generated in this study will be beneficial for genetic studies of faba bean for identification of marker‐locus‐trait associations as well as comparative mapping among faba bean, pea and grasspea.
Metabolite analysis of the effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization on the association between tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and its fungal symbiont Neotyphodium coenophialum
Authors: RYAN GERALDINE D. , RASMUSSEN SUSANNE , XUE HONG , PARSONS ANTHONY J. , NEWMAN JONATHAN A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 is expected to increase to between 550 ppm and 1000 ppm in the next century. CO2‐induced changes in plant physiology can have ecosystem‐wide implications and may alter plant‐plant, plant‐herbivore and plant‐symbiont interactions. We examined the effects of three concentrations of CO2 (390, 800 and 1000 ppm) and two concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer (0.004 g N/week versus 0.2 g N/week) on the physiological response of Neotyphodium fungal endophyte‐infected and uninfected tall fescue plants. We used quantitative PCR to estimate the concentration of endophyte under altered CO2 and N conditions. We found that elevated CO2 increased the concentration of water‐soluble carbohydrates and decreased the concentration of plant total amino acids in plants. Fungal‐derived alkaloids decreased in response to elevated CO2 and increased in response to nitrogen fertilization. Endophyte concentration (expressed as the number of copies of an endophyte‐specific gene per total genomic DNA) increased under elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization. The correlation between endophyte concentration and alkaloid production observed at ambient conditions was not observed under elevated CO2. These results suggest that nutrient exchange dynamics important for maintaining the symbiotic relationship between fungal endophytes and their grass hosts may be altered by changes in environmental variables such as CO2 and nitrogen fertilization.
Validating The Supporting Structure of A Parabolic Solar Collector Using Close Range Photogrammetry
Authors: Roca‐Pardiñas Javier , Ordóñez Celestino , García‐Cortés Silverio , Bello Antonio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe optical efficiency of parabolic trough collectors depends on their geometric agreement with the parabolic profile design which, in turn, largely depends on the structure supporting the collector. A method for assessing the degree of agreement between the measured geometry and the theoretical design surface is described, which takes into account uncertainty in the point coordinates and is based on kernel smoothing and bootstrapping methods. The technique was applied to a 12 m long parabolic trough collector module with a newly designed supporting structure. The analysis revealed that there were significant differences between the estimated and theoretical surfaces in several parts of the collector.
Pattern of sedimentary infilling of fossil mammal traps formed in pseudokarst at Cerro de los Batallones, Madrid Basin, central Spain
Authors: Calvo José P. , Pozo Manuel , Silva Pablo G. , Morales Jorge 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFossil mammal sites of late Miocene age (ca 9 Ma) occur in hourglass‐shaped, non‐interconnected cavities up to 15 m deep, hosted in mudstone (mostly sepiolite), chert and carbonate bedrock in Cerro de los Batallones. This paper provides a model for the sedimentary infilling of the cavities, which functioned as traps for vertebrate faunas and contain one of the richest and best preserved Neogene mammal assemblages of the Iberian Peninsula. Generation of the mammal‐bearing cavities started with the solution of underlying evaporites, which resulted in fissures that were subsequently enlarged by subsurface piping, a process rarely preserved in the ancient sedimentary record. The system of subterranean cavities evolved into a pseudokarst landscape, resulting in doline‐like shafts reaching the ancient land surface. The sedimentary infilling of the cavities comprises both clastic and carbonate lithofacies that were investigated by outcrop observation, standard and scanning electron microscope petrography, mineralogical analysis, and stable isotope geochemistry. Gravel and breccia talus deposits, clast and mud‐supported gravel, pebbly sandstone and mudstone are common detrital infill deposits mostly derived by overflow erosion of bedrock. The deposits containing the mammal bones are marls, and occur both in subsurface cavities and doline‐like depressions. In the underground cavities, marlstone was mainly of clastic origin and accumulated in ponds scattered over the floor of the cavity. In contrast, marlstone deposits in the surface dolines formed mostly as a result of biochemical carbonate deposition in small shallow lakes subjected to fluctuation of the water level. The δ18O and δ13C carbonate values indicate different origins for the two kinds of marls. During the final phases of pipe infill the doline marlstone sealed the mammal sites, usually off‐lapping the adjacent bedrock.
Trials and Tribulations: The ‘Use’ (and ‘Misuse’) of Evidence in Public Policy
Authors: Deeming Christopher 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly playing a central role in shaping policy for development. By comparison, social experimentation has not driven the great transformation of welfare within the developed world. This introduces a range of issues for those interested in the nature of research evidence for making policy. In this article we will seek a greater understanding of why the RCT is increasingly seen as the ‘gold standard’ for policy experiments in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), but not in the more advanced liberal democracies, and we will explore the implications of this. One objection to the use of RCTs, however can be cost, but implementing policies and programmes without good evidence or a good understanding of their effectiveness is unlikely to be a good use of resources either. Other issues arise. Trials are often complex to run and ethical concerns often arise in social ‘experiments’ with human subjects. However, rolling out untested policies may also be morally objectionable. This article sheds new light on the relationship between evidence and evaluation in public policy in both the global north and developing south. It also tackles emerging issues concerning the ‘use’ and ‘misuse’ of evidence and evaluation within public policy.
Understanding the Influence of Evidence in Public Health Policy: What Can We Learn from the ‘Tobacco Wars’?
Authors: Smith K. E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPublic health is overtly policy‐orientated and there is widespread support for the notion that health policies should be strongly informed by evidence. Despite this, studies consistently find that public health policies are not evidence‐based. This is often explained by reference to popular theories about research‐policy relations which highlight, amongst other things, the communicative gaps between academics and policymakers, the centrality of values (or politics) to decision‐making and the efforts by external interests to influence policy outcomes. Employing the ‘tobacco wars’ as a case study, with a particular focus on theUK, this article explores how tobacco control advocates and tobacco industry interests have attempted to influence policy and how, in so doing, each has sought to enrol evidence. Whilst accepting that evidence has played an important role in tobacco policy development, the article challenges claims that the implementation of tobacco control policies can be attributed to evidence. Turning to value‐orientated and network‐based approaches to conceptualizing policy development, the article demonstrates both the importance of values and the complex nature of coalitions. However, it argues that this approach needs to be supplemented by an ideational understanding of policy change, which pays attention to the ways in which arguments and evidence are constructed and framed. The article also suggests there are signs that the two ‘coalitions’ involved in the ‘tobacco wars’ may be unravelling. Overall, the ‘tobacco wars’ serve to highlight the complex relationship between evidence and policy, offering some insights for those interested in studying or improving the use of evidence in policy.
Public Opinion and Policy‐making
Authors: Pawson Ray , Wong Geoff 
Published: June 2013

Abstract‘Evidence‐based policy’ often uses systematic reviews of existing research on the effectiveness of interventions to provide guidance for policymakers. When applied to gauging public support for interventions, there are two stumbling blocks – opinion data on contentious issues are volatile and prone to measurement error, and the barometer of public opinion should be set for the present rather than reflecting sentiments of other times. Despite these impediments, systematic reviews are a useful tool. Authoritative evidence to support policy is not a matter of taking contemporary, error‐free snapshots of public opinion but derives from building and testing explanation of how public attitudes arise. We make this case via a review of public support for legislation banning smoking in cars carrying children.
Understanding Employment Barriers for Lone Parents in GreatBritain: Research Gaps and Missed Opportunities
Authors: Haux Tina 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA key feature of the previous Labour government inBritain was the large increase in government‐sponsored research as part of its wider commitment to evidence‐based policy‐making. This article focuses on one area of government‐sponsored research as a case study to examine the relationship between research evidence, policy ideas and programme evaluation. The case study chosen for this article is research on lone parents not in work commissioned by theDepartment forWork andPensions between 1997 and 2010. Following a brief review of the research, the main shortcomings in our understanding of the employment barriers for lone parents as well as the reasons for these shortcomings are identified and discussed. The reasons explaining the lack of progress are related to both the content of the research as well as the institutional set‐up of research commissioning in government. The article concludes by drawing lessons from this case study to improve the quality and potential usefulness of research for policy‐making in the short and medium term.
Comparative analysis of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathway activation and inhibition in human and canine melanoma
Authors: Fowles J. S. , Denton C. L. , Gustafson D. L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe lack of advanced animal models of human cancers is considered a barrier to developing effective therapeutics. Canine and human melanomas are histologically disparate but show similar disease progression and response to therapies. The purpose of these studies was to compare human and canine melanoma tumours and cell lines regarding MAPK and PI3K/AKT signalling dysregulation, and response to select molecularly targeted agents. Pathway activation was investigated via microarray and mutational analysis. Growth inhibition and cell cycle effects were assessed for pathway inhibitors AZD6244 (MAPK) and rapamycin (PI3K/AKT) in human and canine melanoma cells. Human and canine melanoma share similar differential gene expression patterns within the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Constitutive pathway activation and similar sensitivity to AZD6244 and rapamycin was observed in human and canine cells. These results show that human and canine melanoma share activation and sensitivity to inhibition of cancer‐related signalling pathways despite differences in activating mutations.
Comparative anatomy of the ophthalmic rete and its relationship to ocular blood flow in three species of marine mammal
Authors: Ninomiya Hiroyoshi , Imamura Emi , Inomata Tomo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the blood supply to the eyes of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), spotted seal (Phoca largha), and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Emphasis is placed on exploring the anatomic function in the context of aquatic life.ProcedureMethyl methacrylate casts were prepared and studied using a scanning electron microscope. Infrared images of the eye were recorded using a thermocamera.ResultsIn all three marine species, blood is supplied to the ophthalmic rete. The main source of blood supply to the rete is the basilar rete via the spinal rete in the dolphin and via the ophthalmic artery in the seal and sea lion. The retinal and choroidal arteries are derived from the rete. The dolphin rete showed a very well‐developed arterial network occupying most of the orbit. The rete in pinnipeds was less developed with several entwining arteries, unlike that in cetaceans. Thermographic examination revealed that the eye shows a higher degree of thermal emission than adjacent areas of the skin in these 3 species.DiscussionThe role of the rete in aquatic mammals appears to conserve ocular temperature so that the appropriate operating temperature for photoreceptors and ocular muscles can be maintained in a cold ambient temperature. Additionally, the rete might have a flow‐damping effect by maintaining resistance to blood flow in the orbit. This study highlights the special nature of ocular vascular anatomy and function that enabled the unique adaptation of aquatic mammals to life in aquatic habitats.
Rapid resolution of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Chong Sy Giin , Samaha Mario , Samaha Georges , Casserly Brian 
Published: June 2013

A 38-year-old woman with a long-term history of smoking presented to the lung cancer clinic with weight loss and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. A diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis was made by specimen samples taken from video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. She was advised to stop smoking, which she adhered to. She was followed up in the respiratory clinic with pulmonary function tests every 6 months, which were all normal. Follow-up chest x-ray showed complete resolution of the multifocal interstitial infiltrates, and with smoking cessation, the patient has sustained an excellent quality of life.
Huddling for high reliability and situation awareness
Authors: Goldenhar Linda M , Brady Patrick W , Sutcliffe Kathleen M , Muething Stephen E 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundStudies show that implementing huddles in healthcare can improve a variety of outcomes. Yet little is known about the mechanisms through which huddles exert their effects. To help remedy this gap, our study objectives were to explore hospital administrator and frontline staff perspectives on the benefits and challenges of implementing a tiered huddle system; and propose a model based on our findings depicting the mediating pathways through which implementing a huddle system may reduce patient harm.MethodsUsing qualitative methods, we conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups to obtain a deeper understanding of the huddle system and its outcomes as implemented in an academic tertiary care children's hospital with 539 inpatient beds. We recruited healthcare providers representing all levels using a snowball sampling technique (10 interviews), and emails, flyers, and paper invitations (six focus groups). We transcribed recordings and analysed the data using established techniques.ResultsFive themes emerged and provided the foundational constructs of our model. Specifically we propose that huddle implementation leads to improved efficiencies and quality of information sharing, increased levels of accountability, empowerment, and sense of community, which together create a culture of collaboration and collegiality that increases the staff's quality of collective awareness and enhanced capacity for eliminating patient harm.ConclusionsWhile each construct in the proposed model is itself a beneficial outcome of implementing huddles, conceptualising the pathways by which they may work allows us to design ways to evaluate other huddle implementation efforts designed to help reduce failures and eliminate patient harm.
Reduction of unnecessary use of indwelling urinary catheters
Authors: Janzen Jolien , Buurman Bianca M , Spanjaard Lodewijk , de Reijke Theo M , Goossens Astrid , Geerlings Suzanne E 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe most effective way to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) is to avoid unnecessary urinary catheterisation and to minimise the duration of catheterisation.AimTo implement and assess the effect of an intervention to reduce the duration of urinary tract catheterisation.MethodsThis quality improvement project was set up as a before–after comparison consisting of a 2-month pre-intervention period, a period in which the intervention was implemented and a 2-month post-intervention period. The intervention included educational sessions to increase physicians' awareness and the daily reassessment of catheter use. The primary endpoint was the duration of catheterisation. Secondary endpoints were the catheter utilisation ratio, the length of hospital stay, the number of hospital-acquired symptomatic CA-UTIs and the number of appropriate indications for catheterisation.ResultsDuring the total study period, 149 patients (18.3%) were catheterised at some time during their hospital stay. There was a statistically significant decrease in the duration of catheterisation (median 7 vs 5 days; p<0.01), length of hospital stay (median 13 vs 9 days; p<0.01), and number of hospital-acquired CA-UTIs (4 vs 0, p=0.04) in the pre-intervention versus post-intervention period.ConclusionsAn intervention to raise more awareness of the risks of inappropriate catheterisation can reduce the duration of catheterisation along with the length of hospital stay and the number of hospital-acquired symptomatic CA- UTIs, even in a short period of time.
IL-10 Promotes Tumor Aggressiveness via Upregulation of CIP2A Transcription in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sung Wen-Wei , Wang Yao-Chen , Lin Po-Lin , Cheng Ya-Wen , Chen Chih-Yi , Wu Tzu-Chin , Lee Huei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPurpose: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) determines virus persistent infection and promotes viral-associated tumor progression via tumor immune escape. However, the role of IL-10 in tumor progression and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial.Experimental Design: To investigate how IL-10 is regulated by HPV E6, IL-10 promoter was constructed to understand which transcriptional factor could be responsible for its transcription. To verify which molecule could be responsible for IL-10–mediated soft agar growth and invasion capability, PCR array and mechanistic strategies were conducted. IL-10 and CIP2A mRNA levels in lung tumors from patients with lung cancer were determined by real-time reverse transcription PCR. The prognostic value of both molecules on survival was estimated by Cox regression model.Results: Mechanistic studies showed that IL-10 protein and mRNA expression was decreased in E6 knockdown TL1 cells and increased in E6- overexpressing TL4 cells. In addition, IL-10 transcription was predominantly regulated by E6-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and C/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. IL-10–mediated tumor aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo occurs through increased CIP2A expression via PI3K signaling pathway. Among patients, IL-10 mRNA expression in lung tumors was positively correlated with CIP2A mRNA expression. Cox-regression analysis showed that IL-10 and CIP2A mRNA levels may independently predict survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, especially in patients with E6-positive tumors.Conclusion: IL-10 production from lung tumors and immune cells promotes lung adenocarcinoma aggressiveness and patients with poor survival. We thus suggest that PI3K inhibitor combined with chemotherapy may potentially enhance tumor regression and improve patients’ outcome and life quality. Clin Cancer Res; 19(15); 4092–103. ©2013 AACR.
A New Alpha in Line Between KRAS and NF-κB Activation?
Authors: Pak Chorom , Miyamoto Shigeki 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Summary: Bang and colleagues report a novel role for GSK-3α, rather than the well-studied GSK-3β, as the link between oncogenic KRAS and the canonical and noncanonical activation pathways of NF-κB in pancreatic cancer. Although the mechanism through which it promotes noncanonical activation remains unclear, the authors show that GSK-3α binds and stabilizes TAK1-TAB complexes to constitutively activate canonical NF-κB signaling. Consequently, the inhibition of GSK-3α retards pancreatic cancer growth in vitro and in vivo, thereby revealing this relatively less-studied kinase as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of KRAS-positive pancreatic cancer. Cancer Discov; 3(6); 613–5. ©2013 AACR.
See related article by Bang et al., p. 690
Viewpoint: Mismatch between the European and American guidelines on oral antiplatelet P2Y12 inhibitors after acute coronary syndromes
Authors: DiNicolantonio James , Serebruany Victor 
Published: June 2013

SummaryRecent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines declare superiority of prasugrel and ticagrelor over clopidogrel in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and STEMI patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The recommendations for NSTEMI and especially STEMI are based on a subgroup analyses yielded from a single trial with either prasugrel (TRITON), or ticagrelor (PLATO). In contrast, the United States (US) Guidelines present a more balanced, conservative, and evidence-based outlook suggesting no proven extra benefit of one P2Y12 antagonist over the other(s). It was the purpose of this study to scrutinise the evidence leading to the current ESC ACS Guidelines on oral antiplatelet agents and compare them with US recommendations. Matching the evidence from TRITON and PLATO primary publications with the data reported in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) official reviews in light of their impact on current regional ACS Guidelines on antiplatelet P2Y12 inhibitors. The available body of evidence on the efficacy and safety of the new oral P2Y12 inhibitors challenge the ESC Guidelines, and supports the US recommendations. Some of the pivotal data with regard to the newer P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel and ticagrelor) on event definition, adjudication, questionable efficacy, and serious safety concerns were ignored by the European Task Force Members, while the other “beneficial” findings were exaggerated to a disproportional extent. We conclude that current ESC Guidelines, with regard to their recommendation of superiority of prasugrel or ticagrelor over clopidogrel, in contrast to the US, are overoptimistic, and not evidence based. Low clinical utilisation of prasugrel and especially ticagrelor worldwide in general, and Europe in particular suggests mismatch of prescription habits with issued ESC recommendations.