bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Li Ion Dynamics in the Solid Electrolyte Li7P3S11 as Probed by 6,7Li NMR Spin‐Lattice Relaxation
Authors: Wohlmuth Dominik , Epp Viktor , Wilkening Martin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe development of safe and long‐lasting all‐solid‐state batteries with high energy density requires a thorough characterization of ion dynamics in solid electrolytes. Commonly, conductivity spectroscopy is used to study ion transport; much less frequently, however, atomic‐scale methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are employed. Here, we studied long‐range as well as short‐range Li ion dynamics in the glass‐ceramic Li7P3S11. Li+ diffusivity was probed by using a combination of different NMR techniques; the results are compared with those obtained from electrical conductivity measurements. Our NMR relaxometry data clearly reveal a very high Li+ diffusivity, which is reflected in a so‐called diffusion‐induced 6Li NMR spin‐lattice relaxation peak showing up at temperatures as low as 313 K. At this temperature, the mean residence time between two successful Li jumps is in the order of 3×108 s−1, which corresponds to a Li+ ion conductivity in the order of 10−4 to 10−3 S cm−1. Such a value is in perfect agreement with expectations for the crystalline but metastable glass ceramic Li7P3S11. In contrast to conductivity measurements, NMR analysis reveals a range of activation energies with values ranging from 0.17 to 0.26 eV, characterizing Li diffusivity in the bulk. In our case, through‐going Li ion transport, when probed by using macroscopic conductivity spectroscopy, however, seems to be influenced by blocking grain boundaries including, for example, amorphous regions surrounding the Li7P3S11 crystallites. As a result of this, long‐range ion transport as seen by impedance spectroscopy is governed by an activation energy of approximately 0.38 eV. The findings emphasize how surface and grain boundary effects can drastically affect long‐range ionic conduction. If we are to succeed in solid‐state battery technology, such effects have to be brought under control by, for example, sophisticated densification or through the preparation of samples that are free of any amorphous regions that block fast ion transport.
Accuracy of Irradiance Forecasts Using JMA Numerical Weather Prediction Data at Numerous Points Corresponding to a High Degree of PV Penetration
Authors: Nagoya Hiroyuki , Saji Kensuke , Aoki Isao , Tanikawa Ryoichi , Komami Shintaro , Ogimoto Kazuhiko , Iwafune Yumiko 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYTo assure power system stability when variable photovoltaic (PV) power generation is deployed on a large scale, accurate irradiance forecasting will be important in the near future. A substantial amount of PVs will be generating power at numerous locations in the power service area, and it will be necessary to predict the total PV output for supply/demand balancing control. Therefore, irradiance forecasting accuracy should be verified using the total irradiance at numbers of sites equivalent to areas with large‐scale PV deployment. This paper reports an investigation of the accuracy of an approach to area total irradiance prediction based on regional numerical weather prediction data from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The forecast area total irradiance is compared to the assumed total area irradiance for numbers of sites equivalent to large‐scale PV deployment.
Magnetization Mechanism of Si‐Gradient Steel Sheet Manufactured by CVD Siliconizing Process
Authors: Hiratani Tatsuhiko , Namikawa Misao , Ninomiya Hironori , Oda Yoshihiko , Toda Hiroaki 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYSi‐gradient steel sheet, which has a silicon concentration gradient in the sheet thickness direction, manufactured by the chemical vapor deposition siliconizing process, possesses unique magnetic properties. In this paper, the magnetization behaviors of single crystals of Si‐gradient steel sheet are investigated in the <100> and <110> directions, comparing with Si‐homogeneous steel sheet, in order to clarify the magnetization mechanism. The internal stress of Si‐gradient steel sheet was evaluated. The induced magnetic anisotropy which arising according to the magnetoelastic effect is considered to play an important role in the magnetization process of Si‐gradient steel sheet. The reduction of eddy current loss can be explained by the effect of the magnetic flux concentration at the sheet surface resulting from the internal stress.
The dynamic nature of assimilation and accommodation procedures in the brains of Chinese–English and English–Chinese bilinguals
Authors: Sun Yafeng , Peng Danling , Ding Guosheng , Qi Ting , Desroches Amy S. , Liu Li 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe framework of assimilation and accommodation has been proposed to explain the brain mechanisms supporting second language reading acquisition (Perfetti et al. [2007]: Bilingual Lang Cogn 10:131). Assimilation refers to using the procedures of the native language network in the acquisition of a new writing system, whereas accommodation refers to using second language procedures for reading the newly acquired writing system. We investigated assimilation and accommodation patterns in the brains of bilingual individuals by recruiting a group of Chinese–English bilinguals and a group of English–Chinese bilinguals to perform lexical decision tasks in both English and Chinese. The key question was whether the assimilation/accommodation procedures supporting second language reading in the brains of Chinese–English and English–Chinese bilinguals were dynamic, i.e., modulated by proficiency in the second language and perceptual features of the second language's script. Perceptual features of the scripts were manipulated through orthographic degradation by inserting spaces between the radicals of a Chinese character or between the syllables of an English word. This manipulation disrupts the visual configuration of the orthography but does not change its more fundamental design principles. We found that for English–Chinese bilinguals, higher proficiency was associated with greater accommodation, suggesting that the accommodation procedure in a bilingual individual's brain is modulated by second language proficiency. Most interestingly, we found that the assimilation/accommodation effects vanished or diminished when orthographically degraded scripts were processed by both Chinese–English and English–Chinese bilinguals, suggesting that the assimilation/accommodation procedures in a bilingual individual's brain are modulated by perceptual features of orthography. This work therefore offers a new, dynamic perspective for our understanding of the assimilation/accommodation framework for second language acquisition. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4144–4157, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dopamine D1/D5 receptor signaling regulates synaptic cooperation and competition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons via sustained ERK1/2 activation
Authors: Shivarama Shetty Mahesh , Gopinadhan Suma , Sajikumar Sreedharan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTSynaptic cooperation and competition are important components of synaptic plasticity that tune synapses for the formation of associative long‐term plasticity, a cellular correlate of associative long‐term memory. We have recently reported that coincidental activation of weak synapses within the vicinity of potentiated synapses will alter the cooperative state of synapses to a competitive state thus leading to the slow decay of long‐term plasticity, but the molecular mechanism underlying this is still unknown. Here, using acute hippocampal slices of rats, we have examined how increasing extracellular dopamine concentrations interact and/or affect electrically induced long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the neighboring synapses. We demonstrate that D1/D5‐receptor‐mediated potentiation at the CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses differentially regulates synaptic co‐operation and competition. Further investigating the molecular players involved, we reveal an important role for extracellular signal‐regulated kinases‐1 and 2 (ERK1/2) as signal integrators and dose‐sensors. Interestingly, a sustained activation of ERK1/2 pathway seems to be involved in the differential regulation of synaptic associativity. The concentration‐dependent effects of the modulatory transmitter, as demonstrated for dopaminergic signaling in the present study, might offer additional computational power by fine tuning synaptic associativity processes for establishing long‐term associative memory in neural networks. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of pharmacokinetic drug‐drug interaction between pradigastat and atazanavir or probenecid
Authors: Mendonza Anisha , Hanna Imad , Meyers Dan , Koo Phillip , Neelakantham Srikanth , Zhu Bing , Majumdar Tapan , Rebello Sam , Sunkara Gangadhar , Chen Jin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPradigastat, a novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase‐1 inhibitor, has activity in common metabolic diseases associated with abnormal accumulation of triglycerides. In vitro studies suggest that glucuronidation is the predominant metabolism pathway for elimination of pradigastat in humans and confirmed the role of uridine 5'‐diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, UGT1A1, ‐1A3, and ‐2B7. The in vitro studies using atazanavir as a selective inhibitor of UGT1A1 and ‐1A3 indicated that these enzymes contribute ∼55% toward the overall glucuronidation pathway. Therefore, a clinical study was conducted to assess the potential for drug interaction between pradigastat and probenecid (purported general UGT inhibitor) or atazanavir (selective UGT1A1, ‐1A3 inhibitor). The study included 2 parallel cohorts, each with 3 sequential treatment periods and 22 healthy subjects per cohort. The 90%CI of the geometric mean ratios for Cmax,ss and AUCτ,ss of pradigastat were within 0.80–1.25 when administered in combination with probenecid. However, the Cmax,ss and AUCτ,ss of pradigastat decreased by 31% (90%CI: 0.62–0.78) and 26% (0.67–0.82), respectively, when administered in combination with atazanavir. This magnitude of decrease in pradigastat steady‐state exposure is not considered clinically relevant. Pradigastat was well tolerated by all subjects, either alone or in combination with atazanavir or probenecid.
Long‐term glycemic control with hepatic insulin gene therapy in streptozotocin‐diabetic mice
Authors: Thulé Peter M. , Campbell Adam G. , Jia Dingwu , Lin Yulin , You Shou , Paveglio Sara , Olson Darin E. , Kozlowski Miroslaw 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundInsulin self‐administration is burdensome and can produce dangerous hypoglycemia. Insulin gene therapy may improve and simplify the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In rats, metabolically responsive hepatic insulin gene therapy (HIGT) delivered by adenovirus normalizes random blood sugars but with a limited duration. To prolong glycemic control, we delivered a metabolically regulated insulin transgene by adeno‐associated virus (AAV).MethodsWe administered increasing doses of self‐complementary (SC), pseudotyped AAV8 expressing the (GlRE)3BP1‐2xfur insulin transgene to streptozotocin‐diabetic CD‐1 mice, and monitored blood sugar and body weight. We also compared responses to intraperitoneal glucose and chow withdrawal, assessed for viral genomes in liver by Southern blotting, and measured hepatic glycogen.ResultsGlucose lowering required the combination of SC genomes and AAV capsid pseudotyping. HIGT controlled glycemia in diabetic mice (DM) for > 1 year. However, glycemic responses were variable. Approximately 30% of mice succumbed to hypoglycemia, and approximately 30% of mice again became hyperglycemic. During an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, blood sugars declined to normal within 180 min in HIGT‐treated DM compared to 90 min in control mice. Hypoglycemia was common among HIGT‐treated mice during a 24‐h fast. However, HIGT mice lost less weight than either diabetic or nondiabetic controls as a result of increased water intake. HIGT treatment reduced the hepatic glycogen content of fed mice.ConclusionsOur studies demonstrate the possibility for long‐term glycemic correction following AAV‐mediated HIGT in mice. However, the dose–response relationship is irregular, and metabolic responsiveness may be less than that observed in rats. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of changes in temperature scales on historical temperature data
Authors: Pavlasek P. , Merlone A. , Musacchio C. , Olsen Å. A. F. , Bergerud R. A. , Knazovicka L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTTemperature has always been a central quantity in meteorology and plays a key role in weather forecast and climate determination. Long temperature series are a useful tool both as a direct indicator of global climatic trends and as input to climate models. However, ensuring the quality of the data records is challenging, with issues arising from the wide range of sensors used, how the sensors were calibrated, and how the data were recorded and written down. In particular, the very definition of the temperature scales has evolved. While the temperature scales have always been tied to phase transitions of substances such as the freezing and boiling points of water, the temperatures assigned to those phase transitions have been revised occasionally when new sensors and measuring techniques suggested discrepancies between the temperature scales and thermodynamic temperature. Invariably this has led to alterations in the reference scales of temperature that give rise to biases when compiling historic temperature records, an issue that appears to be neglected in the meteorological literature. The present work deals with this issue for 20th century data by proposing a mathematical model to allow the conversion from historical scales to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS‐90). This work also presents the implementation of this mathematical model into a software tool, which can convert large files of historical records to the ITS‐90. The correction equation is applied to example observations, and it is found that the correction becomes an issue in special cases involving aggregated temperature data. However, the corrections are significantly smaller than the global warming trend seen in the 20th century. The corrections applied have shown a level of change, which has not significantly affected the global warming trend.
Spatio‐temporal interpolation of sub‐daily (6 h) precipitation over Romania for the period 1975–2010
Authors: Dumitrescu Alexandru , Birsan Marius‐Victor , Manea Ancuta 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTA two‐step interpolation framework is proposed for the first time for computing sub‐daily (6 h) precipitation maps over Romania, over 36 years (1975–2010), using meteorological and ancillary data. In the first step, the monthly climatology maps were constructed. Here, the auxiliary predictors were quantified with the help of multivariate geostatistical model (Regression Kriging). In the second step – the interpolation of the 6‐h anomaly maps of precipitation – three methods were compared: Multiquadratic, Ordinary Kriging and 3d Kriging. Owing to the good results in interpolating precipitation anomalies (and to the fewer steps required for producing the maps), the Multiquadratic method was chosen to construct the 6‐h precipitation ratios maps for the period 1975–2010. By comparing the new gridded data set to similar sets of data, and by using precipitation data from five independent stations, it was proven that the proposed methodology was suitable for accurately estimating in space and time the 6‐h precipitation values. The final outcome of this work is a gridded precipitation data set, at a 6‐h time step, available in high spatial resolution (1 km × 1 km) together with the estimated accuracy.
A Comparison of DSM‐5 and DSM‐IV Diagnostic Criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Traumatized Refugees
Authors: Schnyder Ulrich , Müller Julia , Morina Naser , Schick Matthis , Bryant Richard A. , Nickerson Angela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the prevalence rate and factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on the diagnostic criteria of the fourth and fifth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV; DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association, 1994, 2013) in traumatized refugees. There were 134 adult treatment‐seeking, severely and multiply traumatized patients from various refugee backgrounds were assessed in their mother tongue using a computerized set of questionnaires consisting of a trauma list, the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, and the new PTSD items that had been suggested by the DSM‐5 Task Force of the American Psychiatric Association. Using DSM‐IV, 60.4% of participants met diagnostic criteria for PTSD; using DSM‐5, only 49.3% fulfilled all criteria (p < .001). Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 items showed good and comparable model fits. Furthermore, classification functions in the DSM‐5 were satisfactory. The new Cluster D symptoms showed relatively high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power. The DSM‐5 symptom structure appears to be applicable to traumatized refugees. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood may be especially useful for clinicians, not only to determine the extent to which an individual refugee is likely to meet criteria for PTSD, but also in providing targets for clinical intervention.
A new NMR approach for structure determination of thermally unstable biflavanones and application to phytochemicals from Garcinia buchananii
Authors: Stark Timo D. , Lösch Sofie , Salger Mathias , Balemba Onesmo B. , Wakamatsu Junichiro , Frank Oliver , Hofmann Thomas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPrevious activity‐guided phytochemical studies on Garcinia buchananii stem bark, which is traditionally used in Africa to treat various gastrointestinal and metabolic illnesses, revealed xanthones, polyisoprenylated benzophenones, flavanone‐C‐glycosides, biflavonoids, and/or biflavanones as bioactive key molecules. Unequivocal structure elucidation of biflavonoids and biflavanones by means of NMR spectroscopy is often complicated by the hindered rotation of the monomers around the C‐C axis (atropisomerism), resulting in a high spectral complexity. In order to facilitate an unrestricted rotation, NMR spectra are usually recorded at elevated temperatures, commonly over 80 °C, which effects in a single set of resonance signals. However, under these conditions, one of the target compounds of this investigation, (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)‐manniflavanone (1), undergoes degradation. Therefore, we demonstrated in the present study that the 1,1‐ADEQUATE could be successfully used as a powerful alternative approach to confirm the C‐C connectivities in 1, avoiding detrimental conditions. However, a moderate increase in temperature up to 50 °C was sufficient to deliver sharp signals in the proton NMR experiment of (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)‐isomanniflavanone (2) and (2″R,3″R)‐preussianone (3). In addition, two new compounds could be isolated, namely (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)‐GB‐2 7″‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (4) and (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)‐manniflavanone‐7″‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (5), and whose structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry methods. The absolute configurations were determined by a combination of NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. The aforementioned compounds exhibited high anti‐oxidative capacity in the H2O2 scavenging, hydrophilic Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (H‐TEAC) and hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H‐ORAC) assays. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflow‐vascular space occupancy (iVASO) reproducibility in the hippocampus and cortex at different blood water nulling times
Authors: Rane Swati , Talati Pratik , Donahue Manus J. , Heckers Stephan 
Published: July 2015

PurposeInflow‐vascular space occupancy (iVASO) measures arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV) using accurate blood water nulling (inversion time [TI]) when arterial blood reaches the capillary, i.e., at the arterial arrival time. This work assessed the reproducibility of iVASO measurements in the hippocampus and cortex at multiple TIs.MethodsThe iVASO approach was implemented at multiple TIs in 10 healthy volunteers at 3 Tesla. aCBV values were measured at each TI in the left and right hippocampus, and the cortex. Reproducibility of aCBV measurements within scans (same day) and across sessions (different days) was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsOverall hippocampal aCBV was significantly higher than cortical aCBV, likely due to higher gray matter volume. Hippocampal ICC values were high at short TIs (≤914 ms; intrascan values = 0.80–0.96, interscan values = 0.61–0.91). Cortically, high ICC values were observed at intermediate TIs of 914 (intra: 0.93, inter: 0.87) and 1034 ms (intra: 0.96, inter: 0.86). The ICC values were comparable to established contrast‐based CBV measures.ConclusioniVASO measurements are reproducible within and across sessions. TIs for iVASO measurements should be chosen carefully, taking into account heterogeneous arterial arrival times in different brain regions. Magn Reson Med 75:2379–2387, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First Introduction and Early Exploitation of the Persian Fallow Deer on Cyprus (8000–6000 cal. bc)
Authors: Vigne J.‐D. , Daujat J. , Monchot H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Persian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) is currently a threatened species. However, it played an important role in many Late Glacial and Early Holocene human societies in the Near and Middle East. This is especially true of the island of Cyprus, where it was introduced at the beginning of the Neolithic and held a predominant place in human subsistence throughout Cypriot prehistory until the Bronze Age. The earliest levels of the extensive Cypriot Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B site of Shillourokambos, occupied between 8400 and 7000 cal. bc, provided 3036 identified remains of this deer. It was possible to measure or determine the age‐at‐death for 1361 and 1444 remains, respectively. Analyses allow for discussions on when the fallow deer was introduced to the island of Cyprus, its origin and how populations were managed. These studies also lead to the reconstruction of acquisition and butchery techniques, as well as culinary practices, and the morphological evolution of males and females throughout time. The Persian fallow deer was introduced to Cyprus later than suids, dogs, cats, goats and cattle, and at nearly the same time as sheep, towards ca 8000 cal. bc. Despite the absence of any skeletal changes, this introduction may reflect an attempt to domesticate the fallow deer on the nearby continental mainland. However, after being introduced to the island, deer appear to have been released into the wild and hunted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.