bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporary management of diplopia with botulinum toxin in multiple ocular motor cranial neuropathies
Authors: Tejedor Jaime , Díez Laura 
Published: September 2012

Purpose. To report management of diplopia with botulinum toxin injection in traumatic multiple ocular motor cranial neuropathies. Methods. Alternate prism and cover measurement of deviation in different positions of gaze, examination of ductions, field of binocular single vision, and complete ocular anterior and posterior segment evaluation were carried out. CT and MRI of the orbit were available. Results. We describe a case of traumatic VI, IV, and mainly superior III cranial nerve palsies, with left hypotropia of 35 prism diopters and esotropia of 45 prism diopters and incapacitating diplopia, due to fracture of the roof and lateral wall of the orbit, extending to the superior orbital fissure, as demonstrated by CT and MRI of the orbit. Severe limitation of abduction, elevation, and depression of the left eye was found. A single botulinum toxin injection in the medial rectus with diffusion to the inferior rectus was effective as a temporary measure for the treatment of diplopia and attainment of a small field of binocular single vision. The patient remained symptom-free for 5 months after injection. Conclusions. Botulinum toxin injection may be useful for the temporary management of diplopia in multiple ocular motor cranial neuropathies.
Sick Hands and Sweet Moves: Aesthetic Dimensions of a Vernacular Martial Art
Authors: Green Thomas A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The 52s is a contemporary African American vernacular martial art that developed, according to oral tradition, as an effective means of defense in prison settings. Yet, in 52s, effectiveness is not good enough. Comments by resource persons assert that sick (destructive) hands must harmonize with sweet (artistic) moves. The competent fighter must maintain composure and control while destroying an opponent. Drawing techniques from literally any source available, including boxing, Asian martial arts, folk styles of combat, and dance, this "martial bricolage" is characterized by strategies, rhythms, and attitudes based in the interplay of the sick and the sweet. Comparable tensions are evident in urban folk games (slap "boxing"), dance (uprocking, break dancing), and verbal arts (freestyle rap). This article examines the aesthetic principles shared by these martial, ludic, and performance genres.
"Talking Shit" in Rayne: How Aesthetic Features Reveal Ethical Structures
Authors: Laudun John 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
"Talking shit" is a well-established social activity in many African American speech communities. This study of such talk by one speaker in a small south Louisiana town describes the dynamics of such talk as a negotiation, within a flexible set of forms, of the nature of the relationship between the speaker and the researcher in order to place the latter within a traditional framework of relationships between individuals. The study focuses on how the interactional order is embedded in the very structure of talk itself, revealing the potential logic behind what seems at first glance to be "verbal filler" but, I argue, actually is an extension of the larger worldview at work in speaking.
Combining in vivo reflectance with fluorescence confocal microscopy provides additive information on skin morphology
Authors: Skvara Hans , Plut Ulrike , Schmid Johannes A. , Jonak Constanze 
Published: September 2012

Background: Within the last decade, confocal microscopy has become a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool in imaging human skin in vivo. Of the two different methods that exist, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) displays the backscattering signal of naturally occurring skin components, whereas fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) provides contrast by using an exogenously applied fluorescent dye.
Methodology: A newly developed multilaser device, in which both techniques are implemented, has been used to combine both methods and allows to highlight different information in one image. In our study, we applied the fluorophore sodium fluorescein (SFL) intradermally on forearm skin of 10 healthy volunteers followed by fluorescence and reflectance imaging.
Results: In fluorescence mode the intercellular distribution of SFL clearly outlines every single cell in the epidermis, whereas in reflectance mode keratin and melanin-rich cells and structures provide additional information. The combination of both methods enables a clear delineation between the cell border, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Imaging immediately, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after SFL injection, represents the dynamic distribution pattern of the dye.
Conclusion: The synergism of RCM and FCM in one device delivering accurate information on skin architecture and pigmentation will have a great impact on in vivo diagnosis of human skin in the future.
BLINCK—A diagnostic algorithm for skin cancer diagnosis combining clinical features with dermatoscopy findings
Authors: Bourne Peter , Rosendahl Cliff , Keir Jeff , Cameron Alan 
Published: September 2012

Background: Deciding whether a skin lesion requires biopsy to exclude skin cancer is often challenging for primary care clinicians in Australia. There are several published algorithms designed to assist with the diagnosis of skin cancer but apart from the clinical ABCD rule, these algorithms only evaluate the dermatoscopic features of a lesion.
Objectives: The BLINCK algorithm explores the effect of combining clinical history and examination with fundamental dermatoscopic assessment in primary care skin cancer practice.
Patients/Methods: Clinical and dermatoscopic images of 50 skin lesions were collected and shown to four primary care practitioners. The cases were assessed by each participant and lesions requiring biopsy were determined on separate occasions using the 3-Point Checklist, the Menzies method, clinical assessment alone and the BLINCK algorithm.
Results: The BLINCK algorithm had the highest sensitivity and found more melanomas than any of the other methods. However, BLINCK required more biopsies than the other methods. When comparing diagnostic accuracy, there was no difference between BLINCK, Menzies method and clinical assessment but all were better than the 3-Point checklist.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the BLINK algorithm may be a useful skin cancer screening tool for Australian primary care practice.
Accuracy of the first step of the dermatoscopic 2-step algorithm for pigmented skin lesions
Authors: Tschandl Philipp , Rosendahl Cliff , Kittler Harald 
Published: September 2012

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of misclassifications of equivocal pigmented lesions according to the first step of the dermatoscopic 2-step algorithm.
Patients and Methods: 707 consecutive cases from 553 patients of central Europe and Australia were included in the study. Dermatoscopic images were evaluated in a blinded fashion for the presence of features described in the 2-step algorithm to determine their melanocytic or non-melanocytic origin. Mucosal, genital and non-pigmented lesions were excluded.
Results: The sensitivity of the first step was 97.1% for patients from Australia and 96.8% for patients from central Europe. The specificity was 33.6% for Australian patients and 67.9% for European patients. The most common reasons for misclassification were the presence of a pigmented network in a non-melanocytic lesion (n=68, 25.2%) and the absence of dermatoscopic features of melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions in 69 (25.6%) non-melanocytic lesions.
Conclusion: The first step of the dermatoscopic 2-step algorithm, if applied consistently, has high sensitivity but low specificity. Many non-melanocytic lesions, especially solar lentigines and seborrheic keratoses, are wrongly classified as melanocytic. The worse performance of the first step algorithm in Australian patients is probably due to a higher rate of solar lentigines in patients with severely sun-damaged skin.
Oxidation Kinetics and Its Impact on the Strength of Carbon Short Fiber Reinforced C/SiC Ceramics
Authors: Shi Yuan , Tushtev Kamen , Hausherr Jan‐Marcel , Koch Dietmar , Rezwan Kurosch 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBecause of the excellent fracture toughness and oxidation resistance, carbon short fiber reinforced ceramics have a sound potential for a variety of high‐temperature applications. For the composite's reliable use in long‐term applications, however, the oxidation effects on the mechanical strength are of crucial interest and have hitherto not been investigated in detail yet. In this study, the weight change of carbon short fiber reinforced C/SiC composites with carbon fiber lengths of 9 mm (long cut fiber composite – LCFC) and 2 mm (short milled fiber composite – SMFC), respectively, are evaluated in the temperature range from 500 to 1200 °C for two different fiber orientations. Both types of composites were additionally tested in bending mode after 25 and 50 min of exposure to air at 700 °C depending on fiber orientation. After 3 h of exposure at 1000 °C, a total weight loss of up to 37% for LCFC and 47% for SMFC could be determined. The bending test carried out after 50 min exposure at 700 °C showed a dramatic decrease down to 50% of the initial flexural strength for LCFC samples with fibers orientated in parallel to the beam axis. The smallest strength decrease of around 13% was found for SMFC samples with fibers orientated perpendicularly to the beam axis. Microstructural investigations suggest strongly that oxidation along the fibers is the most dominating weakening mechanism and is therefore directly affected by the fiber orientation and length.
Ultrahigh Efficiency Fluorescent Single and Bi‐Layer Organic Light Emitting Diodes: The Key Role of Triplet Fusion
Authors: Chiang Chien‐Jung , Kimyonok Alpay , Etherington Marc K. , Griffiths Gareth C. , Jankus Vygintas , Turksoy Figen , Monkman Andy P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new family of anthracene core, highly fluorescent emitters is synthesized which include diphenylamine hole transport end groups. Using a very simple one or two layer organic light emitting diode (OLED) structure, devices without outcoupling achieve an external quantum efficiency of 6% and photonic efficiencies of 20 cd/A. The theoretical maximum efficiency of such devices should not exceed 3.55%. Detailed photophysical characterization shows that for these anthracene based emitters 2T1≤Tn and so in this special case, triplet fusion can achieve a singlet production yield of 0.5. Indeed, delayed electroluminescence measurements show that triplet fusion contributes 59% of all singlets produced in these devices. This demonstrates that when triplet fusion becomes very efficient, fluorescent OLEDs even with very simple structures can approach an internal singlet production yield close to the theoretical absolute maximum of 62.5% and rival phosphorescent‐based OLEDs with the added advantage of much improved stability.
Confined Volume Change in Sn‐Co‐C Ternary Tube‐in‐Tube Composites for High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Lithium Storage
Authors: Gu Yan , Wu Fendan , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAll high capacity Li‐alloy anodes for Li‐ion battery suffer from enormous volume expansion and extraction during the lithium‐ion insertion and extraction process. A Sn‐Co‐CNT@CNT ternary tube‐in‐tube nanostructure is prepared by an in situ template technique and shows perfect structure suitability to solve the critical volume change problem. The morphology, size, and quantity of the filled CNT‐supported Sn‐Co nanoparticles can be also tuned by adjusting the experimental conditions to achieve optimal electrochemical performances. The tube‐in‐tube product exhibits larger‐than‐theoretical reversible capacities of 890–811 mA h g−1 at 0.1C in 200 cycles and excellent rate capability and high‐rate cycling stability. The excellent electrochemical performance is mainly attributed to the confined volume change in the nanotube cavities and ensured permanent electrical connectivity of the immobilized Sn‐Co anodes.
Follicular lymphoma: 2012 update on diagnosis and management
Authors: Freedman* Arnold 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDisease overview: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is generally an indolent B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder of transformed follicular center B cells. FL is characterized by diffuse lymphoadenopathy, involvement of bone marrow, splenomegaly, and less commonly other extranodal sites of involvement. In general, cytopenias can occur but constitutional symptoms of fever, nightsweats, and weight loss are uncommon.Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on histology of preferably a biopsy of a lymph node. Immunohistochemical staining is positive in virtually all cases for cell surface CD19, CD20, CD10, and monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytoplasmic expression of bcl‐2 protein. The overwhelming majority of cases have the characteristic t(14;18) translocation involving the IgH/bcl‐2 genes.Risk stratification: The FL International Prognostic Index prognostic model for FL uses five independent predictors of inferior survival: age > 60 years, hemoglobin < 12 g/dL, serum lactate dehydrogenase > normal, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, number of involved nodal areas > 4. The presence of 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 adverse factors defines low, intermediate, and high‐risk disease with median 10‐year survivals in the pre‐rituximab era of ∼71, 51, and 36 months, respectively. With the use of more modern therapies, specifically anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, the outcome has improved.Risk‐adapted therapy: Observation continues to be adequate for asymptomatic patients with low bulk disease and no cytopenias. For patients needing therapy, most patients are treated with chemotherapy plus rituximab, which has improved response rates, duration of response, and overall survival. Randomized studies have shown additional benefit for maintenance rituximab both following chemotherapy‐rituximab and single‐agent rituximab. Autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) has not shown a survival benefit in first remission patients. SCT including both autologous and allogeneic SCT or experimental agent therapy is considered for recurrent disease. Am. J. Hematol. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genome‐wide analysis of primary plasma cell leukemia identifies recurrent imbalances associated with changes in transcriptional profiles
Authors: Mosca Laura , Musto Pellegrino , Todoerti Katia , Barbieri Marzia , Agnelli Luca , Fabris Sonia , Tuana Giacomo , Lionetti Marta , Bonaparte Eleonora , Sirchia Silvia Maria , Grieco Vitina , Bianchino Gabriella , D'Auria Fiorella , Statuto Teodora , Mazzoccoli Carmela , De Luca Luciana , Petrucci Maria Teresa , Morabito Fortunato , Offidani Massimo , Di Raimondo Francesco , Falcone Antonietta , Caravita Tommaso , Omedè Paola , Boccadoro Mario , Palumbo Antonio , Neri Antonino 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPrimary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare, yet aggressive form of de novo plasma cell tumor, distinct from secondary PCL (sPCL) which represents a leukemic transformation of pre‐existing multiple myeloma (MM). Herein, we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of a prospective series of pPCLs by means of FISH, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and gene expression profiling (GEP). IGH@ translocations were identified in 87% of pPCL cases, with prevalence of t(11;14) (40%) and t(14;16) (30.5%), whereas the most frequent numerical alterations involved 1p (38%), 1q (48%), 6q (29%), 8p (42%), 13q (74%), 14q (71%), 16q (53%), and 17p (35%). We identified a minimal biallelic deletion (1.5 Mb) in 8p21.2 encompassing the PPP2R2A gene, belonging to a family of putative tumor suppressors and found to be significantly down‐regulated in deleted cases. Mutations of TP53 were identified in four cases, all but one associated with a monoallelic deletion of the gene, whereas activating mutations of the BRAF oncogene occurred in one case and were absent in N‐ and K‐RAS. To evaluate the influence of allelic imbalances in transcriptional expression we performed an integrated genomic analysis with GEP data, showing a significant dosage effect of genes involved in transcription, translation, methyltransferase activity, apoptosis as well as Wnt and NF‐kB signaling pathways. Overall, we provide a compendium of genomic alterations in a prospective series of pPCLs which may contribute to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of this aggressive form of plasma cell dyscrasia and the mechanisms of tumor progression in MM. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic variants in the catechol‐o‐methyltransferase gene are associated with impulsivity and executive function: Relevance for major depression
Authors: Pap Dorottya , Gonda Xenia , Molnar Eszter , Lazary Judit , Benko Anita , Downey Darragh , Thomas Emma , Chase Diana , Toth Zoltan G. , Mekli Krisztina , Platt Hazel , Payton Antony , Elliott Rebecca , Anderson Ian M. , Deakin J.F. William , Bagdy Gyorgy , Juhasz Gabriella 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe catechol‐o‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been extensively investigated in depression with somewhat contradictory results but the role of impulsivity, as a possible intermediate phenotype in this disorder, has not been considered yet. In our study, four tagging SNPs in the COMT gene (rs933271, rs740603, rs4680, rs4646316) were genotyped in two independent population cohorts: Manchester (n = 1267) and Budapest (n = 942). First, we investigated the association between COMT genotypes, impulsivity, neuroticism and depression using haplotype trend regression, and constructed a model using structural equation modeling to investigate the interaction between these factors. Secondly, we tested the effect of executive function on this model in a smaller interviewed sample (n = 207). Our results demonstrated that COMT haplotypes were significantly associated with impulsivity in the combined cohort, showing the same direction of effects in both populations. The COMT effect on depressive symptoms (in subjects without history of depression) and on executive function (interviewed sample) showed the opposite pattern to impulsivity. Structural equation models demonstrated that COMT and impulsivity acted, both together (through neuroticism) and independently, to increase the risk of depression. In addition, better executive function also operated as a risk factor for depression, possibly though reduced ability to flexibly disengage negative emotions. In conclusion, variations in the COMT gene exert complex effects on susceptibility to depression involving various intermediate phenotypes, such as impulsivity and executive function. These findings emphasise that modeling of disease pathways at phenotypic level are valuable for identifying genetic risk factors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fiber optic particle plasmon resonance sensor based on plasmonic light scattering interrogation
Authors: Lin H.‐Y. , Huang C.‐H. , Chau L.‐K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA highly sensitive fiber optic particle plasmon resonance sensor (FO‐PPR) is demonstrated for label‐free biochemical detection. The sensing strategy relies on interrogating the plasmonic scattering of light from gold nanoparticles on the optical fiber in response to the surrounding refractive index changes or molecular binding events. The refractive index resolution is estimated to be 3.8 × 10‐5 RIU. The limit of detection for anti‐DNP antibody spiked in buffer is 1.2 × 10‐9 g/ml (5.3 pM) by using the DNP‐functionalized FO‐PPR sensor. The image processing of simultaneously recorded plasmonic scattering photographs at different compartments of the sensor is also demonstrated. Results suggest that the compact sensor can perform multiple independent measurements simultaneously by means of monitoring the plasmonic scattering intensity via photodiodes or a CCD. The potential of using a combination of different kinds of noble metal nanoparticles with different types of functionalized probes in multiple cascaded detection windows on a single fiber to become an inexpensive and ultrasensitive linear‐array sensing platform for higher‐throughput biochemical detection is provided.
Stimulation of bioluminescence in Noctiluca sp. using controlled temperature changes
Authors: Han Jing , Li GuiJuan , Liu HuanYing , Hu HaoHao , Zhang XueGang 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBioluminescence induced by multifarious stimuli has long been observed and is remains under investigation because of its great complexity. In particular, the exact mechanism underlying bioluminescence is not yet fully understood. This work presents a new experimental method for studying Noctiluca sp. bioluminescence under temperature change stimulation. It is a study of Noctiluca sp. bioluminescence using controlled temperature changes in a tank. A characteristic of this experiment is the large volume of water used (1 m3 in a tank of 2 × 1 × 1 m). Temperature changes were controlled by two methods. In the first, a flask filled with hot water was introduced into the tank and in the second, a water heater was used in the tank. Temperature changes were recorded using sensors. Noctiluca sp. bioluminescence was recorded using a Canon 5D Mark II and this allowed the characteristics of Noctiluca sp. bioluminescence under temperature change stimulation to be monitored. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of the concept of conformational dynamics of enzyme functions over half of a century: A personal view
Authors: Závodszky Péter , Hajdú István 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo most physicists, it was always evident that conformational fluctuation is an inherent property of all molecules. Its existence in proteins was mentioned first by Linderström‐Lang and Schellman in 1959 based on their hydrogen‐deuterium exchange experiments. The “induced fit” mechanism to explain ligand‐induced conformational changes was suggested by Koshland in 1958. Straub combined these two concepts in his “fluctuation fit” theory in 1964. The era of protein X‐ray crystallography imposed a static view of protein structures. With proteins becoming accessible to NMR analysis, conformational dynamics could be mapped, and a new wave of dynamic interpretation of enzymatic catalysis and molecular recognition appeared. Energy landscapes, energy funnels, conformational selection, conformational distribution shifts are now frequent terms in interpreting biomolecular recognition and enzymatic catalysis. All these interpretations are based on the concept that evolution uses the conformational fluctuations of enzymes to develop efficient and dynamic catalytic machines. In a resurrection of the original “fluctuation fit” concept, it is generally recognized now that spatial and temporal events of catalysis are equally important to describe its mechanism. This special issue, dedicated to the memory of Henryk Eisenberg, prompted us to look back at the last 50 years of development of a concept that—like other important concepts—appeared, evolved and became accepted during the period covered by the scientific lifespan of Henryk. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 263–269, 2013.