bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (iKIR) mismatches improve survival after T‐cell‐repleted haploidentical transplantation
Authors: Bastos‐Oreiro Mariana , Anguita Javier , Martínez‐Laperche Carolina , Fernández Lucía , Buces Elena , Navarro Almudena , Pascual Cristina , Pérez‐Corral Ana , Balsalobre Pascual , Muñoz Cristina , Kwon Mi , Serrano David , Perez‐Martinez Antonio , Buño Ismael , Gayoso Jorge , Díez‐Martín José Luís 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlloreactivity triggered by interaction between killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) and natural killer (NK) cells plays a role in the graft‐versus‐tumor effect after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Our aim in this study was to evaluate this role in the setting of T‐cell‐repleted haploidentical SCT with postinfusion high‐dose cyclophosphamide (PT‐Cy). We included 33 patients. Among patient–donor pairs with at least 1 inhibitory KIR (iKIR) gene mismatch, event‐free survival (EFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse 1 year after transplant were significantly better (85% vs. 37% [P = 0.008] and 18% vs. 46% [P = 0.041], respectively). A subanalysis in 12 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) showed an improvement in EFS 1 year after transplant in those patients with KIR ligand mismatch (100% vs. 25%, P = 0.012), although overall survival (OS) was not affected (85% vs. 80%, P = 0.2). Eight of 12 patient–donors pairs presented iKIR mismatches. Of note, this outcome was better in the small subgroup, both for EFS (100% vs. 25%, P = 0.012) and for OS (100% vs. 37%, P = 0.004). Our data suggest that in the setting of T‐cell‐repleted haploidentical SCT with PT‐Cy, iKIR mismatch is associated with improved survival, with particularly good results for both iKIR and KIR ligand mismatches in patients with HL.
Brain responds to another person's eye blinks in a natural setting—the more empathetic the viewer the stronger the responses
Authors: Mandel Anne , Helokunnas Siiri , Pihko Elina , Hari Riitta 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn observer's brain is known to respond to another person's small nonverbal signals, such as gaze shifts and eye blinks. Here we aimed to find out how an observer's brain reacts to a speaker's eye blinks in the presence of other audiovisual information. Magnetoencephalographic brain responses along with eye gaze were recorded from 13 adults who watched a video of a person telling a story. The video was presented first without sound (visual), then with sound (audiovisual), and finally the audio story was presented with a still‐frame picture on the screen (audio control). The viewers mainly gazed at the eye region of the speaker. Their saccades were suppressed at about 180 ms after the start of the speaker's blinks, a subsequent increase of saccade occurence to the base level, or higher, at around 340 ms. The suppression occurred in visual and audiovisual conditions but not during the control audio presentation. Prominent brain responses to blinks peaked in the viewer's occipital cortex at about 250 ms, with no differences in mean peak amplitudes or latencies between visual and audiovisual conditions. During the audiovisual, but not visual‐only, presentation, the responses were the stronger the more empathetic the subject was according to the Empathic Concern score of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index questionnaire (Spearman's rank correlation, 0.73). The other person's eye blinks, nonverbal signs that often go unnoticed, thus elicited clear brain responses even in the presence of attention‐attracting audiovisual information from the narrative, with stronger responses in people with higher empathy scores.
Placement of an indwelling percutaneous gastrotomy (PEG) tube for the measurement of intra‐gastric pH in two horses
Authors: Sykes B. W. , McGowan C. M. , Mills P. C. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIntra‐gastric pH monitoring is an important tool in the validation of acid suppressive drugs. To date, several methods of monitoring intra‐gastric pH in the horse have been described. However significant limitations are present in the existing models. This article describes the placement of a percutaneous gastrotomy (PEG) tube secured with a button gastropexy in the standing horse through which the pH of the ventral stomach can readily be measured under both fed and fasted conditions.
Co‐selection and replacement of resistance alleles to Lysinibacillus sphaericus in a Culex quinquefasciatus colony
Authors: de Melo Chalegre Karlos Diogo , Tavares Daniella A. , Romão Tatiany P. , de Menezes Heverly Suzany G. , Nascimento Nathaly A. , de Oliveira Cláudia Maria F. , de‐Melo‐Neto Osvaldo P. , Silva‐Filha Maria Helena N. L. 
Published: July 2015

The Cqm1 α‐glucosidase, expressed within the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae, is the receptor for the Binary toxin (Bin) from the entomopathogen Lysinibacillus sphaericus. Mutations of the Cqm1 α‐glucosidase gene cause high resistance levels to this bacterium in both field and laboratory populations, and a previously described allele, cqm1REC, was found to be associated with a laboratory‐resistant colony (R2362). This study described the identification of a novel resistance allele, cqm1REC‐2, that was co‐selected with cqm1REC within the R2362 colony. The two alleles display distinct mutations but both generate premature stop codons that prevent the expression of midgut‐bound Cqm1 proteins. Using a PCR‐based assay to monitor the frequency of each allele during long‐term maintenance of the resistant colony, cqm1REC was found to predominate early on but later was replaced by cqm1REC‐2 as the most abundant resistance allele. Homozygous larvae for each allele were then generated that displayed similar high‐resistance phenotypes with equivalent low levels of transcript and lack of protein expression for both cqm1REC and cqm1REC‐2. In progeny from a cross of homozygous individuals for each allele at a 1 : 1 ratio, analyzed for ten subsequent generations, cqm1REC showed a higher frequency than cqm1REC‐2. The replacement of cqm1REC by cqm1REC‐2 observed in the R2362 colony, kept for 210 generations, indicates changes in fitness related to traits that are unknown but linked to these two alleles, and constitutes a unique example of evolution of resistance within a controlled laboratory environment.
Sexual dimorphism in medulloblastoma features
Authors: Zannoni Gian Franco , Ciucci Alessandra , Marucci Gianluca , Travaglia Daniele , Stigliano Egidio , Foschini Maria Pia , Scambia Giovanni , Gallo Daniela 
Published: July 2015

AimsMale sex is a risk factor for medulloblastoma (MB), and is also a negative predictor for clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess sex differences in tumour biological features and hormone receptor profiles in a cohort of MB patients.Methods and resultsSixty‐four MBs and five normal cerebella were included in the study. Cell proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (cleaved caspase‐3) and microvessel density (CD31) were evaluated in tumours by immunohistochemistry. Tissues were analysed for oestrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ1, ERβ2, ERβ5 and androgen receptor (AR) expression. The results demonstrated sex‐specific features in MBs, with tumours from females showing a higher apoptosis/proliferation ratio and less tumour vascularization than tumours from males. MBs were negative for ERα and AR, but expressed ERβ isoforms at similar levels between the sexes. Altogether, these findings indicate that signalling mechanisms that control cell turnover and angiogenesis operate more efficiently in females than in males. The lack of sex differences in the hormone receptor profiles suggests that circulating oestrogens could be the major determinants of the sexual dimorphism observed in MB features.ConclusionsHere, we provide molecular support for epidemiological data showing sex differences in MB incidence and outcome, completely defining the hormone receptor profile of the tumours.
Geologic evidence for late Quaternary repetitive surface faulting on the Isurugi fault along the northwestern margin of the Tonami Plain, north‐central Japan
Authors: Maruyama Tadashi , Saito Masaru 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOur detailed field investigation, paleoseismic trenching, and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐derived topographic data provides the first direct evidence for late Quaternary repetitive surface faulting on the northeast‐striking Isurugi fault along the northwestern margin of the Tonami Plain in the Hokuriku region of north‐central Japan. This fault has been interpreted previously by different researchers as both inactive and active, owing to a lack of geologic evidence and a failure to identify fault‐related geomorphic features. Our mapping of LiDAR topography revealed a series of northeast‐trending warped fluvial terraces, about 1.5 km long and 170 m wide, with an age of ≤ 29 ka. We interpreted these geomorphologic features to represent an active pop‐up structure bounded to the southeast by the northwest‐dipping main thrust of the Isurugi fault and to the northwest by a southeast‐dipping backthrust that splays off the main thrust in the shallow subsurface. Paleoseismic trenching across the northwestern part of an elongate terrace exposed a series of southeast‐dipping backthrusts and associated northwest‐verging monoclines. The deformation and depositional age of the strata provide evidence for repetitive surface rupturing on the backthrusts since the latest Pleistocene; the latest of these events occurred in the Holocene between about 4.0 and 0.9 ka. Despite the poor preservation of the surface expression of the Isurugi fault, repetitive scarp‐forming faulting in the late Quaternary and the proximity of the Oyabe River and its tributaries to the fault trace suggest that there may be an extension of the Isurugi fault to the northeast and southwest beneath the Tonami Plain that makes the fault long enough to generate a large earthquake (Mw ≥ 6.8) accompanied by surface rupture.
Carbonate sedimentation in seagrass beds on Ishigaki‐jima, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan
Authors: Fujita Keita , Asami Ryuji , Takayanagi Hideko , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn order to investigate biota and sedimentary facies, and to delineate processes of carbonate sedimentation in seagrass beds, we conducted sedimentological investigations along three onshore–offshore transects at two sites (Nagura and Yoshihara) on Ishigaki‐jima, Ryukyu Islands. Along the transects, the seagrass beds extended seaward 20–40 m from shore, and their widths parallel to the shore ranged from 60 to >110 m. The seagrass was dominated by Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata and subordinate C. serrulata. Seasonal changes in seagrass coverage were evident, with mean coverage relatively higher in summer and fall (July and October) than in winter and spring (January and April). The surface sediment throughout the seagrass beds was dominated by medium to very coarse sand‐sized bioclasts displaying grainstone/packstone fabrics. Bioclasts were dominated by corals and coralline algae, with lesser benthic foraminifers, mollusks, echinoids, and Halimeda. The grainstone/packstone was underlain by gravelly sediment with coral clasts, showing a rudstone fabric, at the Nagura Site. The lower part of the core sediment was blackened, indicating a reducing environment. Two dates of corals collected at the Nagura and Yoshihara sites (24.5 cm and 16.5 cm below the sea bottom) were 2781–2306 and 4374–3805 cal BP (2σ age range), respectively, suggesting extremely low sedimentation rates (<0.1 mm/year). Sediment influx was higher during July–January than during January–July. The relatively large influx during summer and fall is caused by massive sediment transport during typhoons and storms. The total sediment influx (i.e., suspension‐load sediment transportation) is 74–96 kg CaCO3/m2/year at the Nagura Site and 21–57 kg CaCO3/m2/year at the Yoshihara Site. Sediment influx was significantly greater in the seagrass beds than in surrounding areas, providing supporting evidence for an sediment trapping function of seagrass beds. Our data indicate that seagrass beds in the Ryukyu Islands are characterized by high sediment fluxes and extremely low sedimentation rates.
Population structure and dispersal patterns in Scottish Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos revealed by molecular genetic analysis of territorial birds
Authors: Ogden Rob , Heap Elizabeth , McEwing Ross , Tingay Ruth , Whitfield D. Philip 
Published: July 2015

Conservation management of species distributed across fragmented habitats requires consideration of population genetic structure and relative levels of genetic diversity throughout the relevant geographical range. The Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos is monitored within Scotland to ensure its survival in the face of land‐use pressure, persecution and future climate change. In this study we constructed DNA profiles for 271 individual birds using a collection of over 1600 moulted feathers collected from 148 territories, representing 34% of known Scottish territories in the largest population genetic study of Golden Eagles undertaken to date. The results, based on data from 10 nuclear microsatellite loci, revealed previously unreported genetic structure between the islands of the Outer Hebrides and the rest of Scotland (FST = 0.03), together with evidence of reduced genetic diversity in the Outer Hebridean population compared with mainland Scotland. Analysis of gene flow supports a hypothesis of limited, predominantly male‐mediated, dispersal from the Outer Hebrides to mainland Scotland. The persistence of this pattern is discussed with respect to variation in population density and persecution pressure across Scotland. A finding of non‐random mating within the Outer Hebrides is interpreted as evidence of natal philopatry that was revealed by more intensive sampling in these islands, and is likely to be accentuated by the apparent degree of isolation of the islands from the rest of Scotland.
Mercury(II) determination in commercial cosmetics and local Thai traditional medicines by flow injection spectrophotometry
Authors: Prasertboonyai K. , Liawraungrath B. , Pojanakaroon T. , Liawraungrath S. 
Published: July 2015

SynopsisObjectiveThe proposed method was developed for the enhancement of sensitivity for Hg(II) determination using dithizone by adding SDS in the presence of ascorbic acid in sulphuric acid medium.MethodThe method was based on the reaction between Hg(II) and 1,5‐diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone), in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as an anionic surfactant (to avoid solvent extraction) and ascorbic acid in a slightly acidic medium resulting in a soluble orange coloured Hg(II)–dithizone complex which gave the maximum absorption at 490 nm. No extraction system was required in this method.ResultUnder the optimum conditions, a linear calibration graph was obtained over the concentration range of 0.05–1.50 μg mL−1. The method was characterized by a limit of detection (LOD, defined as 3σ) and limit of quantification (LOQ, defined as 10σ) of 0.03 and 0.14 μg mL−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations for replicate injection were 1.32 and 0.78% (n = 11) for 0.05 and 0.20 μg mL−1 of Hg(II) standard solutions, respectively. The developed method has been satisfactorily applied for Hg(II) determination in commercial cosmetics and local Thai traditional medicines. Results obtained by the proposed method are compared favourably with those analysed by ICP‐MS.ConclusionEnhancement of sensitivity and rapidity for Hg(II) assay by FIA could be achieved by adding SDS in ascorbic acid. The method would be useful for routine analysis of Hg(II) in real samples.
Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in children and adolescents with Prader–Willi Syndrome (PWS)
Authors: Fintini D. , Inzaghi E. , Colajacomo M. , Bocchini S. , Grugni G. , Brufani C. , Cappa M. , Nobili V. , Cianfarani S. , Crinò A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe tested the hypothesis that patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) may be at lower risk of developing non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because of a higher insulin sensitivity. Twenty‐one PWS patients and 42 control subjects closely similar for age, gender, pubertal stage and body mass index (CNT), were studied. Metabolic profile and body composition were assessed. NAFLD was established by a validated method of US grading (range from G0 to G3). PWS patients showed a significantly better metabolic profile (lower waist circumference, fasting glucose levels, HOMA‐IR, cholesterol, transaminase levels and trunk fat mass/fat mass ratio). Furthermore, NAFLD G1stage was significantly more frequent in PWS subjects (P < 0.05), whereas G2 stage was significantly more frequent in control patients (P < 0.05). NAFLD grading seems to correlate with body composition in PWS, also after adjustment for sex and GH treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting a reduced risk of NAFLD in PWS children.
Glycogenic hepatopathy is an under‐recognised cause of hepatomegaly and elevated liver transaminases in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Irani N. R. , Venugopal K. , Kontorinis N. , Lee M. , Sinniah R. , Bates T. R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGlycogenic hepatopathy (GH) is an under‐recognised complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) not controlled to target resulting in hepatomegaly and elevated liver transaminases. We report the case of a 19‐year‐old man with T1DM not controlled to target who presented with abdominal pain, hepatomegaly and deranged liver transaminases. He was subsequently diagnosed with GH on liver biopsy, with the mainstay of treatment being reduction in caloric intake and insulin.
Starch Consolidation Casting of Cordierite Precursor Mixtures—Rheological Behavior and Green Body Properties
Authors: Sandoval María Laura , Talou Mariano H. , Tomba Martinez Analía G. , Camerucci María Andrea , Gregorová Eva , Pabst Willi 
Published: July 2015

The rheology of suspensions and mechanical properties of green bodies with cordierite composition (raw materials 37 wt% kaolin, 41 wt% talc, 22 wt% alumina, resulting in 46.6 wt% SiO2, 38.1 wt% Al2O3, 13.6 wt% MgO) and two types of starch (corn or potato) are investigated. Rotational viscometry of suspensions with solids loading 50, 60, and 70 wt% without starch showed that all tend to be shear‐thinning with a small degree of thixotropy. Suspensions with a total solids loading of 60 wt% with 25 wt% replaced by starch exhibited higher viscosity and thixotropy, but the viscometric behavior is almost identical for the two starch types (apparent viscosities 130–50 mPa·s). Oscillatory rheometry shows that for suspensions with potato starch the onset temperature for gelatinization is 61°C–63°C, that is, lower than for corn starch (72°C–73°C). Maximum storage moduli and phase shift values after gelatinization are similar for both systems. The mechanical properties of green disks, measured via diametral compression tests, reveal clear differences between materials prepared with corn and potato starch, with the latter showing higher elastic modulus, higher strength, and higher deformation at fracture, obviously because of incompletely gelatinized starch granules in the green bodies prepared with corn starch.
Does intensive multimodal treatment for maternal ADHD improve the efficacy of parent training for children with ADHD? A randomized controlled multicenter trial
Authors: Jans Thomas , Jacob Christian , Warnke Andreas , Zwanzger Ulrike , Groß‐Lesch Silke , Matthies Swantje , Borel Patricia , Hennighausen Klaus , Haack‐Dees Barbara , Rösler Michael , Retz Wolfgang , von Gontard Alexander , Hänig Susann , Sobanski Esther , Alm Barbara , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Colla Michael , Gentschow Laura , Jaite Charlotte , Kappel Viola , Becker Katja , Holtmann Martin , Freitag Christine , Graf Erika , Ihorst Gabriele , Philipsen Alexandra 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThis is the first randomized controlled multicenter trial to evaluate the effect of two treatments of maternal attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on response to parent–child training targeting children's external psychopathology.MethodsMother–child dyads (n = 144; ADHD according to DSM‐IV; children: 73.5% males, mean age 9.4 years) from five specialized university outpatient units in Germany were centrally randomized to multimodal maternal ADHD treatment [group psychotherapy plus open methylphenidate medication; treatment group (TG): n = 77] or to clinical management [supportive counseling without psychotherapy or psychopharmacotherapy; control group (CG): n = 67]. After 12 weeks, the maternal ADHD treatment was supplemented by individual parent–child training for all dyads. The primary outcome was a change in the children's externalizing symptom scores (investigator blinded to the treatment assignment) from baseline to the end of the parent–child training 6 months later. Maintenance therapy continued for another 6 months. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed within a linear regression model, controlling for baseline and center after multiple imputations of missing values.ResultsExactly, 206 dyads were assessed for eligibility, 144 were randomized, and 143 were analyzed (TG: n = 77; CG: n = 66). After 6 months, no significant between‐group differences were found in change scores for children's externalizing symptoms (adjusted mean TG‐mean CG=1.1, 95% confidence interval −0.5–2.7; p = .1854), although maternal psychopathology improved more in the TG. Children's externalizing symptom scores improved from a mean of 14.8 at baseline to 11.4 (TG) and 10.3 (CG) after 6 months and to 10.8 (TG) and 10.1 (CG) after 1 year. No severe harms related to study treatments were found, but adverse events were more frequent in TG mothers than in CG mothers.ConclusionsThe response in children's externalizing psychopathology did not differ between maternal treatment groups. However, multimodal treatment was associated with more improvement in maternal ADHD. Child and maternal treatment gains were stable (CCT‐ISRCTN73911400).