bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Arctic Sea-Ice Thickness Variability in GCMs
Authors: Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Edward , Bitz Cecilia M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Skillful Arctic sea ice forecasts may be possible for lead times of months or even years owing to the persistence of thickness anomalies. In this study sea ice thickness variability is characterized in fully coupled GCMs and sea ice–ocean-only models (IOMs) that are forced with an estimate of observations derived from atmospheric reanalysis and satellite measurements. Overall, variance in sea ice thickness is greatest along Arctic Ocean coastlines. Sea ice thickness anomalies have a typical time scale of about 6–20 months, a time scale that lengthens about a season when accounting for ice transport, and a typical length scale of about 500–1000 km. The range of these scales across GCMs implies that an estimate of the number of thickness monitoring locations needed to characterize the full Arctic basin sea ice thickness variability field is model dependent and would vary between 3 and 14. Models with a thinner mean ice state tend to have ice-thickness anomalies that are generally shorter lived and smaller in amplitude but have larger spatial scales. Additionally, sea ice thickness variability in IOMs is damped relative to GCMs in part due to strong negative coupling between the dynamic and thermodynamic processes that affect sea ice thickness. The significance for designing prediction systems is discussed.
Surface Pressure Tide Climatologies Deduced from a Quality-Controlled Network of Barometric Observations*
Authors: Schindelegger Michael , Ray Richard D. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Global “ground truth” knowledge of solar diurnal S1 and semidiurnal S2 surface pressure tides as furnished by barometric in situ observations represents a valuable standard for wide-ranging geophysical and meteorological applications. This study attempts to aid validations of the air pressure tide signature in current climate or atmospheric analysis models by developing a new global assembly of nearly 6900 mean annual S1 and S2 estimates on the basis of station and marine barometric reports from the International Surface Pressure Databank, version 2 (ISPDv2), for a principal time span of 1990–2010. Previously published tidal compilations have been limited by inadequate spatial coverage or by internal inconsistencies and outliers from suspect tidal analyses; here, these problems are mostly overcome through 1) automated data filtering under ISPDv2’s quality-control framework and 2) a meticulously conducted visual inspection of station harmonic decompositions. The quality of the resulting compilation is sufficient to support global interpolation onto a reasonably fine mesh of 1° horizontal spacing. A multiquadric interpolation algorithm, with parameters fine-tuned by frequency and for land or ocean regions, is employed. Global charts of the gridded surface pressure climatologies are presented, and these are mapped to a wavenumber versus latitude spectrum for comparison with long-term means of S1 and S2 from four present-day atmospheric analysis systems. This cross verification, shown to be feasible even for the minor stationary modes of the tides, reveals a small but probably significant overestimation of up to 18% for peak semidiurnal amplitudes as predicted by global analysis models.
Finite Element Analysis of Plantar Fascia During Walking
Authors: Chen Yen-Nien , Chang Chih-Wei , Li Chun-Ting , Chang Chih-Han , Lin Cheng-Feng 
Published: September 2014

Background: The plantar fascia is a primary arch supporting structure of the foot and is often stressed with high tension during ambulation. When the loading on the plantar fascia exceeds its capacity, the inflammatory reaction known as plantar fasciitis may occur. Mechanical overload has been identified as the primary causative factor of plantar fasciitis. However, a knowledge gap exists between how the internal mechanical responses of the plantar fascia react to simple daily activities. Therefore, this study investigated the biomechanical responses of the plantar fascia during loaded stance phase by use of the finite element (FE) modeling. Methods: A 3-dimensional (3-D) FE foot model comprising bones, cartilage, ligaments, and a complex-shaped plantar fascia was constructed. During the stance phase, the kinematics of the foot movement was reproduced and Achilles tendon force was applied to the insertion site on the calcaneus. All the calculations were made on a single healthy subject. Results: The results indicated that the plantar fascia underwent peak tension at preswing (83.3% of the stance phase) at approximately 493 N (0.7 body weight). Stress concentrated near the medial calcaneal tubercle. The peak von Mises stress of the fascia increased 2.3 times between the midstance and preswing. The fascia tension increased 66% because of the windlass mechanism. Conclusion: Because of the membrane element used in the ligament tissue, this FE model was able to simulate the mechanical structure of the foot. After prescribing kinematics of the distal tibia, the proposed model indicated the internal fascia was stressed in response to the loaded stance phase. Clinical Relevance: Based on the findings of this study, adjustment of gait pattern to reduce heel rise and Achilles tendon force may lower the fascia loading and may further reduce pain in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Video-EEG Monitoring in Respiratory Chain Disorders
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Pelzl Georg , Zartl Max , Unger Elisabeth , Mamoli Bruno 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT Subclinical epileptiform activity in patients with respiratory chain disorders (RCDs) has not been previously investigated by video-EEG monitoring. The purpose of this study was to look for the type and frequency of epileptiform activity during a 24h-video-EEG recording in RCD patients. Eleven patients with RCD, 7 women and 4 men, aged 24–72 years, underwent a clinical neurologic examination, blood tests, CT/MRI scans of the brain, routine scalp EEG and continuous video-EEG monitoring over 24 consecutive hours. Ten patients had normal 24h-video-EEG recordings. One of these patients had no CNS involvement; her resting EEGs showed diffuse background slowing. In one patient, automatic spike detection revealed 12 spikes during a 6 hour period. Resting scalp EEG in this patient showed extensive, bilaterally synchronous, pseudoperiodic polyspike-waves. In conclusion, subclinical epileptiform activity could be recorded by 24h-video-EEG monitoring in only 1 of 11 RCD patients. The single patient with subclinical epileptiform activity presented with intermittent myoclonic jerks.
Retinocortical Gain in the Foveal Pathway: The Effect of Spatial Frequency and Stimulus Size
Authors: Mari Z. , Sagliocco L. , Bodis-Wollner I. 
Published: September 2014

The amplitude and the phase of the simultaneously recorded steady-state pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) were evaluated in humans as a function of the vertical diameter (D) of unidimensional Gabor stimuli. In the other dimension, parallel to the horizontal gratings, the patterns all had constant diameter (see Methods and Materials). Spatial frequencies (SFs) of 1 cycle per degree (cpd) and 5.3 cpd were counterphase modulated at a rate of 6.8 Hz. After off-line artifact rejection, the response was subject to Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). Amplitude and phase of the first and second harmonics of both ERG and VEP were displayed for each SF and stimulus diameter. Both ERG and VEP amplitude were found to increase as a function of D. Using trend analysis we found that ERG amplitude increased linearly as a function of D. VEP amplitude was found to be both linear and cubic, as a function of D. We calculated the ratio of VEP amplitude and ERG amplitude at each D and termed it retinocortical gain (G). G normalized to stimulus area was high for small D and decreased with D independently of SF. Unity gain occurred at stimulus sizes of 6° to 7°. ERG phase was found to be more negative at 5.3 cpd than at 1 cpd. Although no significant difference was found between VEP phases at the two SFs tested, neither ERG nor VEP phase changed as a function of D. The results suggest that retinocortical gain is highest for the foveally centered low spatial frequency small patch Gabors. The results provide support for the notion of the “foveal window” in human vision.
Prognostic Value of the Consistency of Lateralizing Ictal Features and Ictal EEG in Patients Undergoing Temporal Lobectomy for Refractory Complex Partial Seizures
Authors: Alsaadi Taoufik , Morris George L. , Mueller Wade M. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose: Ictal and postictal clinical manifestations have lateralizing value in the presurgical evaluation of intractable seizures. The consistency and frequency of these signs during seizures and the associated implications for postoperative seizure outcome are unknown. Methods: The videotaped complex partial seizures of 49 patients with known postoperative outcomes greater than 2 years after temporal lobectomy were blindly reviewed for: (1) unilateral hand posturing (UHP), (2) unilateral hand automatism (UHA), (3) forced and nonforced head turning (HT), and (4) postictal dysphasia (PID). The presence and laterality of each assessable sign were recorded. Data were analyzed as follows: (1) the prevalence of each sign in patients with Engel class 1 and Engel class 2–4, and (2) the postsurgical outcome when the sign was present in more than or less than 50% of the seizures for each patient. We reviewed patients' presurgical work-up, specifically ictal EEG and MRI. Results: The prevalence of UHP, UHA, HT, and PID was similar for Engel class 1 and Engel class 2–4 patients. Engel class 1 outcome when UHP, UHA, HT, and PID were present for greater than 50% of seizures was no different compared to when these signs were present for less than 50% of seizures. Patients who had concordant ictal EEG and MRI abnormalities had the best postsurgical outcome. Conclusions: The consistency and frequency of ictal manifestations in the presurgical evaluation of complex partial seizures does not predict seizure outcome. The presence of any specific lateralizing sign need not be present in every complex partial seizure for the sign to hold predictive value. Concordant ictal EEG and MRI abnormalities are still the best predictors of outcome.
Mario Gozzano: The Work of an EEG Pioneer
Authors: Mazza S. , Pavone A. , Niedermeyer E. 
Published: September 2014

The study of the early history of electroencephalography can yield fascinating insights and surprises. A revisit to the work of Mario Gozzano (1898–1986) has proved to be particularly stimulating. His EEG study of 1935 is a classic and should be resurrected from the graveyard of history. Gozzano was an eminent clinical neurologist-epileptologist and chairman of the neurological-psychiatric university departments in Cagliari, Pisa, Bologna and, from 1951 to his retirement, in Rome. He quickly recognized the significance of EEG and produced his major experimental EEG work in the wake of a stay at the Berlin-Buch Brain Institute. His prolonged corticograms of various regions in the rabbit demonstrated striking differences between various cortical areas. Topical cortical strychnine produced spikes (a barely known phenomenon at that time) and the evolution from interictal to ictal spiking. Spikes induced by visual stimuli may be regarded as precursors of evoked potentials. While Hans Berger was a holist (“the brain working as a whole”), Gozzano (influenced by Vogt and Kornmueller) provided EEG support for the localizationists.
Time Distribution of Seizures during Long Term Video-EEG Monitoring
Authors: Dericioglu Nese , Karatas Hulya , Geyik Pinar Ozdemir , Albakir Meryem , Saygi Serap 
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the duration of monitoring, number of seizures recorded, and date and time of occurrence of seizures in different patient groups during video-EEG monitoring (VEEGM). Patients with partial or psychogenic seizures who were admitted to our VEEGM unit between September 1996 and March 2002 were retrospectively evaluated. Duration of monitoring, date and time of occurrence of seizures were identified in each patient. For practical reasons, a day was divided into 3 equal time periods (period I: 08–16; period II: 16–24 and period III: 24–08 hrs), and the period in which the seizure occurred was noted. Patients were classified in 5 groups: 1 -temporal; 2-frontal; 3-parieto-occipital; 4-psychogenic and 5-unclassified. Duration of monitoring, the number of seizures recorded and time distribution of seizures were identified in each group and compared statistically. We evaluated 746 seizures in 209 patients. Seizures were more likely to occur in periods I and III in groups 1 (p=0.004) and 5 (p<0.001). In group 4 they were more likely to occur in periods I and II (p<0.001). Duration of monitoring was not statistically different between the groups. However, the number of seizures recorded varied significantly (p=0.006). Patients in group 5 had the greatest number of seizures and were followed by groups 2, 4, 3 and 1, respectively. Groups also differed according to date of seizure occurrence (p<0.001). We conclude that the number of seizures recorded and time distribution of seizures during VEEGM are influenced by the lobe of onset of seizures.
Somatosensory Evoked Potential and EEG in Children with Focal Idiopathic Epilepsies with and without Evoked Spikes by Tapping of the Feet or Hands
Authors: Tedrus Gloria Maria A. S. , Fonseca Lineu Corrêa , Quagliato Elizabeth Maria A. B. 
Published: September 2014

The characteristics of SEP cortical components were studied in 40 children with focal idiopathic epilepsies of childhood. Twenty children had focal idiopathic epilepsies and evoked spikes (FIE-ES) on the EEG and 20 had benign focal epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (CTE) but without evoked spikes (ES). These data were compared with those of a control group of 20 normal children. N35 high-amplitude component was more frequent in the CTE group than in the control group (p<0.001). P98 showed high amplitude in 50% of the children of FIE-ES group, and in none of the CTE and control groups (p<0.001). The P98 high amplitude component was more common in the FIE-ES group than in the other groups, and so was the N35 high amplitude component in the CTE group. Lateralization of high-amplitude components of N35 in the CTE group and of P98 in FIE group was not correlated with lateralization of epileptiform activity and evoked spikes. Based on our findings, there are SEPs cortical component differences in childhood focal idiopathic epilepsies according to occurrence or absence of ES.
The effects of omega-3 plus vitamin E and zinc plus vitamin C supplementation on cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza , Kimiagar Masoud , Mehrabi Yadollah 
Published: September 2014

Background: We investigate the effects of omega-3 plus vitamin E and vitamin C plus zinc supplementations on cardiovascular risk markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 75 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of three groups to take, daily, for 12 weeks: (1) 1.8 g omega-3 fatty acids plus 400 mg vitamin E; (2) 5 mg zinc plus 300 mg vitamin C; or (3) a placebo. Results: Although the cardiovascular risk markers variations decreased at the end of intervention, we did not find any significant differences in cardiovascular risk markers between therapeutic groups and the control group. Results of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) of markers showed that total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Apo A1 and Apo B100 in two time periods were significant ( p = 0.001). The level of total and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly ( p = 0.05) in patients diagnosed with diabetes equal or less than 7 years in the group receiving omega-3 plus vitamin E. However, decreased LDL cholesterol ( p = 0.003) and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ( p = 0.03) were predominant in patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes equal or less than 7 years in the group receiving zinc plus vitamin C. Conclusion: The effectiveness of nutraceutical supplementation was varied on biochemical biomarkers based on the kind of supplement or supplement pharmacogenomics, duration of diabetes affected and other pathophysiologic status in studied groups.
Profit Sharing in the German Metalworking and Electrical Engineering Industries
Authors: Haipeter Thomas , Slomka Christine 
Published: September 2014

Profit sharing is an increasingly important component of pay in Germany and is the main reason for the intensification of wage drift that has been observed in recent years. However, little is known about how widespread it is, how it is collectively regulated, the regulatory practices that accompany it and the effects those practices have on works councils and unions. These questions are analysed with respect to the development of profit sharing in the German metalworking industry, where it is relatively widespread. Our analysis shows that profit sharing is characterized by ambiguities and contradictions. On the one hand, it is contributing to the ongoing process of wage modernization; on the other hand, however, profit sharing is fuelling trends towards the fragmentation and financialization of pay. Moreover, although driving up actual wages, profit sharing is also a manifestation of an increasing redistribution of income between capital and labour, between firms and between different categories of employee.
Micro-Political Risk Factors for Strategic Alliances: Why Machiavelli's Animal Spirits Matter
Authors: Marshall Alasdair , Ojiako Udechukwu , Chipulu Max 
Published: September 2014

Sociological perspectives on strategic alliances between firms are heavily influenced by economic theory. As such, they regard alliance entry, maintenance and exit decisions as following calculative rationalities concerned with the consequences for access to resources and transaction costs. Our theoretical article offers a contrasting sociological perspective whereby ‘animal spirits’ trump these calculative rationalities as factors in alliance decision making. Using Machiavelli's well-known psychological realism, we explain how ‘vulpine’ and ‘leonine’ animal spirits can shape psychological and cultural contexts for the micro-political aspects of alliance decision making. This enables us to specify micro-political risk factors related to very common psycho-cultural differences, which we think all firms that forge alliances across cultural distance should consider.
Genome sequencing and analysis of Mangalica, a fatty local pig of Hungary
Authors: Molnár János , Nagy Tibor , Stéger Viktor , Tóth Gábor , Marincs Ferenc , Barta Endre 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Mangalicas are fatty type local/rare pig breeds with an increasing presence in the niche pork market in Hungary and in other countries. To explore their genetic resources, we have analysed data from next-generation sequencing of an individual male from each of three Mangalica breeds along with a local male Duroc pig. Structural variations, such as SNPs, INDELs and CNVs, were identified and particular genes with SNP variations were analysed with special emphasis on functions related to fat metabolism in pigs.

Results
More than 60 Gb of sequence data were generated for each of the sequenced individuals, resulting in 11× to 19× autosomal median coverage. After stringent filtering, around six million SNPs, of which approximately 10% are novel compared to the dbSNP138 database, were identified in each animal. Several hundred thousands of INDELs and about 1,000 CNV gains were also identified. The functional annotation of genes with exonic, non-synonymous SNPs, which are common in all three Mangalicas but are absent in either the reference genome or the sequenced Duroc of this study, highlighted 52 genes in lipid metabolism processes. Further analysis revealed that 41 of these genes are associated with lipid metabolic or regulatory pathways, 49 are in fat-metabolism and fatness-phenotype QTLs and, with the exception of ACACA, ANKRD23, GM2A, KIT, MOGAT2, MTTP, FASN, SGMS1, SLC27A6 and RETSAT, have not previously been associated with fat-related phenotypes.

Conclusions
Genome analysis of Mangalica breeds revealed that local/rare breeds could be a rich source of sequence variations not present in cosmopolitan/industrial breeds. The identified Mangalica variations may, therefore, be a very useful resource for future studies of agronomically important traits in pigs.
Applications of order-clustered fixed point theorems to generalized saddle point problems and preordered variational inequalities
Authors: Xie Linsen , Li Jinlu , Yang Wenshan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the concepts of preordered Banach spaces, generalized saddle points and preordered variational inequalities. Then we apply the order-clustered fixed point theorems to prove the existence of solutions to these problems.

MSC:06A06, 47B48, 47B60, 49J40.
The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants, part III: an in silico evaluation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics profiling
Authors: Onguéné Pascal Amoa , Ntie-Kang Fidele , Mbah James Ajeck , Lifongo Lydia Likowo , Ndom Jean Claude , Sippl Wolfgang , Mbaze Luc Meva′a 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Malaria is an endemic disease affecting many countries in Tropical regions. In the search for compound hits for the design and/or development of new drugs against the disease, many research teams have resorted to African medicinal plants in order to identify lead compounds. Three-dimensional molecular models were generated for anti-malarial compounds of African origin (from 'weakly' active to 'highly' active), which were identified from literature sources. Selected computed molecular descriptors related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of the phytochemicals have been analysed and compared with those of known drugs in order to access the 'drug-likeness' of these compounds.

Results
In the present study, more than 500 anti-malarial compounds identified from 131 distinct medicinal plant species belonging to 44 plant families from the African flora have been considered. On the basis of Lipinski's 'Rule of Five', about 70% of the compounds were predicted to be orally bioavailable, while on the basis of Jorgensen's 'Rule of Three', a corresponding >80% were compliant. An overall drug-likeness parameter indicated that approximately 55% of the compounds could be potential leads for the development of drugs.

Conclusions
From the above analyses, it could be estimated that >50% of the compounds exhibiting anti-plasmodial/anti-malarial activities, derived from the African flora, could be starting points for drug discovery against malaria. The 3D models of the compounds have been included as an accompanying file and could be employed in virtual screening.