bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study of the thinking processes and speech act comprehension patterns of Contonese learners of English
Authors: Lee, Cynthia 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The paper aims to reveal the thinking processes and identify comprehension patterns of three groups of Cantonese learners of English who were secondary students while they were working on a multiple-choice speech act comprehension exercise. The elicited verbal protocols provide significant information for interlanguage pragmatic comprehension and development from the learners.A multiple-choice pragmatic comprehension exercise which consisted of five English direct and indirect speech acts (requests, apologies, refusals, compliments and complaints) in contextualized dialogues was conducted to 156 Cantonese learners of English. They were studying from F2 to F6 of about ages 14 to 18 in three Hong Kong secondary schools during the research period. The comprehension exercise scores showed that the interlanguage pragmatic competence of the three groups of secondary students progressed steadily. The students� verbal protocols exhibited that they were less reliant on literal meaning in interpretation of meaning, and adopted more varied and complex processing strategies from F2 to F6 gradually. The variety and complexity of comprehension strategies and patterns illustrate the characteristic features of the formal representation stage in Bialystok�s cognitive processing model.
Admission Screening for Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure
Authors: Wilson Karen M. , Wesgate Sarah C. , Best Dana , Blumkin Aaron K. , Jonathan Klein D. 
Published: September 2013

Objectives:Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is an important and preventable cause of mortality and morbidity among children; hospitalization represents a sentinel event that may offer opportunities for intervention. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency and validity of SHS exposure screenings by emergency department (ED) providers, residents, and nurses.Methods:A total of 140 inpatient pediatric families consented to a salivary cotinine measurement, in-person SHS exposure interview, and chart review to assess ED provider, pediatric resident, and nurse SHS exposure screenings and documentation validity.Results:ED providers documented screening for SHS exposure 46% of the time, pediatric residents 42% of the time, and nurses 79% of the time. ED providers, pediatric residents, and nurses reported 18%, 38%, and 12% of patients exposed to SHS, respectively, whereas 46% of patients were identified as smoke-exposed according to cotinine level and/or parent report. Those with SHS exposure outside the home were least likely to be identified as exposed.Conclusions:The majority of smoke-exposed children were not identified as exposed based on documentation of admission screenings. Future research is important to identify accurate and efficient methods of screening for and identifying SHS exposure among children admitted to the hospital.
The Impact of a Parent Brochure on Perceptions of Their Child’s Hospitalization
Authors: Seelbach E. Berry , Yunghans Megan , Pavuluri Padmaja 
Published: September 2013

Background and Objective:
The primary purpose of family-centered rounds (FCR) is to improve communication and family satisfaction with care. However, hospital satisfaction surveys continue to identify parental concerns about communication with the medical team. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of a new “Division of Hospital Medicine” brochure on parent (ie, caregiver) identification of physician names, understanding of FCR, and overall satisfaction with the hospitalist team.

Methods
A prospective cohort study with historical controls compared parent responses on anonymous, self-administered predischarge surveys, before and after brochure implementation. A trifold brochure to explain physician roles, identify names of the attending and intern, and describe the purpose of FCR was provided to parents on admission. It included a photo card of hospitalist attending physicians and explanations of the role of a hospitalist and FCR. The brochure was available in English and Spanish.

Results
The overall response rate was 83% (183 of 220). The intervention group of parents identified physician names more accurately and felt more comfortable in FCR, but there was no significant difference in satisfaction. There were no difference between the control and intervention groups in relation to language, inpatient transfer, or length of stay, but the preintervention group did include more patients never before hospitalized.

Conclusions
An informational brochure is a simple tool to improve physician identification and caregiver comfort with FCR. However, further research should explore other factors contributing to family satisfaction during hospitalization and the use of electronic media to provide the same information to families.
Parental Attitudes Toward Obesity and Overweight Screening and Communication for Hospitalized Children
Authors: Bradford Kathleen , Kihlstrom Margaret , Pointer Ivy , Skinner Asheley Cockrell , Slivka Petr , Perrin Eliana M. 
Published: September 2013

Objective:Many studies have evaluated BMI screening, communication, and follow-up recommendations in the outpatient setting. However, few studies have examined parental attitudes toward using the inpatient setting as a time to screen and counsel families regarding their child’s BMI. We sought to study parental attitudes about overweight and obesity screening in the inpatient setting.Methods:Parents (N = 101) of children aged 2 to 18 years admitted to a general pediatric hospital or surgical service were queried regarding their attitudes about screening and counseling for overweight and obesity. Children’s age, gender, height, weight, and diagnosis codes were extracted from electronic medical records and billing databases. BMI was calculated, plotted, and categorized according to standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts and expert recommendation.Results:Fourteen percent of children in the study were overweight, and 17% were obese. Parents of overweight and obese children underestimated their child’s weight status 68% of the time. The majority believed admitted children should always have their BMI calculated. Almost all parents (90%) indicated that their inpatient physician should inform them if their child were overweight or obese and that primary care providers should be informed of the results of BMI screening.Conclusions:Parents of children admitted to the hospital believed their children should have their BMI screened. If their child was overweight or obese, parents believed they should be informed, and counseling should be initiated. These findings support using the inpatient time to screen and communicate BMI.
Time to Detection of Bacterial Cultures in Infants Aged 0 to 90 Days
Authors: Evans Rianna C. , Fine Bryan R. 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
To determine the time to detection (TTD) of positive results on blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures taken during the evaluation for serious bacterial infection (SBI) in otherwise healthy infants aged 0 to 90 days.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective chart review of infants aged 0 to 90 days with positive blood, urine, or CSF cultures drawn during evaluation for SBI in the emergency department or inpatient setting. The TTD of positive culture results, reason for testing, and age of the infant were recorded.

Results:
A total of 283 charts were reviewed related to 307 positive culture results. Of the 101 positive results on blood culture, 38% were true pathogens with a mean TTD of 13.3 hours; 97% were identified in ≤36 hours. Blood cultures with TTD ≥36 hours were 7.8 times more likely to be contaminants compared with those with TTD &lt;36 hours. Of 192 positive results on urine culture, 58% were true pathogens with a mean TTD of 21 hours; 95% were identified in ≤36 hours. Fifty percent of 14 positive CSF culture results were true pathogens with a mean TTD of 28.9 hours; 86% were identified in ≤36 hours. When data for infants ≤28 days of age were analyzed separately, TTD followed the same patterns for positive blood and urine culture results as seen in all infants aged 0 to 90 days.

Conclusions:
In certain clinical situations, the inpatient observation period for infants under evaluation for SBI may be decreased to 36 hours.
Relationship Between Caloric Intake and Length of Hospital Stay for Infants With Bronchiolitis
Authors: Weisgerber Michael C. , Lye Patricia S. , Nugent Melodee , Li Shun-Hwa , De Fouw Kari , Gedeit Rainer , Simpson Pippa , Gorelick Marc H. 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
Poor oral intake is a common presenting symptom among infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis. The prevalence, degree, and duration of diminished caloric intake in these infants have not been studied. Our goal was to determine the daily caloric intake among infants admitted with bronchiolitis and to evaluate the relationship between early hospital caloric intake and length of stay (LOS).

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of infants aged &lt;1 year admitted to Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin with bronchiolitis who were placed in the bronchiolitis treatment protocol during the 2004–2005 season. Patient-, disease-, respiratory-, and nutrition-specific data were abstracted.

Results:
A total of 273 patients with bronchiolitis were admitted between November 1, 2004, and April 15, 2005; placed on the bronchiolitis protocol; and included in the study. Median caloric intake was diminished on day 1 (53 kcal/kg per day) and day 2 (64 kcal/kg per day). Caloric intake was slower to normalize in infants with progressively longer LOS, and a slower rate of increase from day 1 to day 2 was significantly correlated with longer LOS (r = –0.18; P = .002). Subgroup analysis revealed significant correlations between hospital day 2 caloric intake and LOS in formula-fed infants, breastfed infants, infants aged &lt;183 days, and infants aged ≥183 days.

Conclusions:
Caloric intake was diminished in the early course of hospitalization for infants who had bronchiolitis and slowest to normalize in infants with the longest LOS. Interventions aimed at decreasing LOS among infants admitted with bronchiolitis should consider the potential significance of nutrition for severely affected infants with this condition.
A Pediatric Residency Experience With Surgical Co-management
Authors: Carr Anna Marie , Irigoyen Matilde , Wimmer Robert Samuel , Arbeter Allan Myron 
Published: September 2013

Background and Objective:
Acquisition of knowledge and skills in the care of surgical patients is defined as an essential element of training by the Pediatric Residency Review Committee. The pediatric–surgical comanagement model of care is increasingly utilized, yet its impact on residency training has not been described. The goal of this study was to describe a 5-year experience with a co-management model in a pediatric residency program.

Methods:
We describe the planning and implementation of a surgical co-management model in a pediatric residency program and report on case volume and diversity from 2005 to 2010. We assessed the experience of pediatric residents and faculty through rotation evaluations, program leadership meetings, and an anonymous online survey. In the survey, residents rated the value of their exposure on knowledge and skills in selected perioperative domains and their experience with interprofessional teamwork.

Results:
The volume of co-managed patients increased threefold from 2005 to 2010; most (79%) had concurrent medical conditions, and one-third (36%) were children with special health care needs (CYSHCN). Residents reported that co-management helped them gain knowledge and skills in pain management, fluid and electrolytes, respiratory, and nutritional support, as well as in interprofessional teamwork. Other strengths included greater exposure to CYSHCN and subspecialty faculty, and preparedness for critical care rotations. Challenges included clarity of roles and responsibilities between pediatric and surgery residents and interservice communication.

Conclusions:
A surgical co-management model in pediatric residency training presented important opportunities for development of residents’ knowledge and skills in perioperative care and interprofessional teamwork.
Perceptions of Educational Experience and Inpatient Workload Among Pediatric Residents
Authors: Haferbecker Dustin , Fakeye Oludolapo , Medina Sheyla P. , Fieldston Evan S. 
Published: September 2013

Background and Objective:
Education of residents in academic medical centers occurs as part of clinical care, but little is known about the relationship between clinical workload and educational experiences among pediatric residents. The goal of this study was to assess residents’ perceptions of learning on inpatient services at a children’s hospital in relation to perceived workload and actual patient census.

Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study of pediatric residents at 1 urban academic children’s hospital. Surveys on educational experience were administered weekly to residents on 12 inpatient units from October 2010 to June 2011. Daily peak medical inpatient census data were collected, and Pearson correlations were performed.

Results:
Mean weekly response rate was 25%. Perceived workload was correlated with weekly peak of patient census for interns (r = 0.66; P = .00) and senior residents (r = 0.73; P = .00). Many aspects of perceived learning were negatively correlated with perceived workload among interns and residents in “acute care” units. Activities beyond direct patient care (eg, attending conferences, independent reading) revealed more negative correlation than educational experience during rounds. Among seniors, scores of aspects of perceived learning did not correlate with workload.

Conclusions:
The study found mostly negative associations between high perceived workload and perceived learning, especially for interns. Results suggest varied impact of workload on perceived learning by training year. Although patient care is essential for resident education, higher workload may adversely affect learning opportunities for pediatric trainees. More research is needed to identify if generalizable thresholds of patient census and/or clinical workload cause declines in perceived or real education.
A Quality Project to Improve Compliance With AAP Guidelines for Inpatient Management of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Tartaglia Kimberly M. , Campbell Jessica , Shaniuk Paul , McClead Richard E. 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
The goal of this study was to improve compliance with published guidelines regarding management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in infants admitted to a general pediatric hospital ward and to improve support for their breastfeeding mothers.

Methods:
This quality improvement project was conducted by using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles and statistical process control methods. Study subjects were infants &gt;35 weeks’ gestation admitted for hyperbilirubinemia to the general inpatient ward of a large, freestanding pediatric hospital. We developed and implemented a guideline for the inpatient management of jaundiced neonates, with ongoing feedback given to the faculty on group performance. Outcome measures included monthly compliance scores based on American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for management of neonates &gt;35 weeks’ gestation and the percentage of admitted jaundiced, breastfeeding infants whose mothers received lactation consultation during hospitalization. To determine the AAP compliance score, we reviewed and assigned points to each patient admission for completion of a standard evaluation, avoidance of unnecessary intravenous (IV) fluids and peripheral IV line placement, avoidance of rebound bilirubin checks while in the hospital, and the bilirubin level at discharge.

Results:
Mean monthly AAP compliance scores increased from 60.5% of total possible points during the baseline period (January 2010–December 2010) to 90.4% during the intervention period (January 2011–December 2011). Lactation consultations increased from 48% during our baseline period to 63% during our early intervention period and to 90% during the last 5 months of our intervention. Length of stay was unchanged during the baseline and intervention periods.

Conclusions:
Interprofessional collaboration between nurses and physicians combined with a thoughtful campaign to increase awareness of published guidelines were successful in improving the care of infants admitted with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Cover Crop Termination Timing on Rice Crop Production in a No‐Till System
Authors: Nascente A. S. , Crusciol C. A. C. , Cobucci T. , Velini E. D. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTMeasuring shikimic acid accumulation in response to glyphosate applications can be a rapid and accurate way to quantify and predict glyphosate‐induced damage to sensitive plants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of cover crop termination timing by glyphosate application on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in a no‐till system. A factorial experiment, arranged in a split‐plot design, was conducted for 2 yr. Treatments consisted of cover crops (main plots) and timed herbicide applications (subplots) to these cover crops (30, 20, 10, and 0 d before rice planting). There was a decrease in rice yield from 2866 kg ha−1 to 2322 kg ha−1 when the herbicide was applied closer to the rice planting day. Glyphosate application on cover crops increased shikimate concentrations in rice seedlings cultivated under palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha), signal grass (B. ruziziensis), guinea grass (Panicum maximum), and weedy fallow (spontaneous vegetation) but not under millet (Pennisetum glaucum), which behaved similarly to the control (clean fallow, no glyphosate application). Glyphosate applications in the timing intervals used were associated with stress in the rice plants, and this association increased if cover crops took longer to completely dry and if higher amounts of biomass were produced. Millet, as a cover crop, allowed the highest seedling dry matter for upland rice and the highest rice yield. Our results suggest that using millet as a cover crop, with glyphosate application far from upland rice planting day (10 d or more), was the best option for upland rice under a no‐tillage system.
Using DArT Markers to Monitor Genetic Diversity throughout Selection: A Case Study in Nebraska's Winter Wheat Breeding Nurseries
Authors: El‐basyoni Ibrahim , Baenziger P. Stephen , Dweikat Ismail , Wang Dong , Eskridge Kent , Saadalla Mohamed 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTAssessing the genetic relationship among wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines in the intermediate generations of a breeding program has important consequences on conserving genetic variability for selection in later generations. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the breadth of the genetic base of two F3:6 nurseries and (ii) to monitor the effect of selection on the genetic diversity. Two independent F3:6 nurseries (2010 and 2011 seasons) were used; the first nursery contained 276 lines and two local check cultivars genotyped using 1925 polymorphic diversity array technology (DArT) markers while the second nursery contained 278 lines plus the same local check cultivars genotyped using 2236 polymorphic DArT markers. The F3:6 nurseries, 2010 and 2011, were each grouped into three main clusters. Overall, the results suggested that, in both years, the difference among clusters was significant, and the genetic diversity in the F3:6 nurseries exceeded that between the two check cultivars. The results for the two nurseries showed that each cluster in the F3:6 nurseries was represented in the F3:7 and F3:8 with at least one line, except for one cluster in the 2011 nursery which was not represented in F3:8. We concluded that much of the genetic diversity was maintained while advancing lines from F3:6 to F3:7; however, as the selection intensity increases, for example from F3:7 to F3:8, the effect of selection and the importance of monitoring genetic diversity using DNA molecular markers increases.
Seed Protein, Soaking Duration, and Soaking Temperature Effects on Gamma Aminobutyric Acid Concentration in Short‐Season Soybean
Authors: Morrison M. J. , Frégeau‐Reid J. A. , Cober E. R. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTGamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four‐carbon, nonprotein amino acid found in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed and food. The consumption of foods with high GABA concentration may be an alternative to pharmaceutical medication for hypertension, an affliction affecting one billion people. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between GABA and protein concentration in high, medium, and low protein soybean cultivars and to determine the relationship between soaking temperature (T) (21 or 27°C) and duration (0, 3, 6, 18, and 24 h) on L‐glutamate (L‐Glu) and GABA concentration. The high‐protein cultivar did not have significantly higher L‐Glu or GABA concentration than the medium or normal protein cultivars. Seed L‐Glu increased rapidly with soaking duration up to 8.25 h, and the 27°C soaking T resulted in higher concentrations than the 21°C T. Seed GABA concentration increased rapidly with soaking duration and peaked at 10 and 12 h for the low‐ and high‐GABA cultivars, respectively. The cultivar with the highest concentration of stored L‐Glu and GABA remained the highest after soaking. Increasing soaking duration and temperature can be used to increase the seed GABA concentration in cultivars, although this may increase processing time.
Toward a metaphysics of culture
Authors: Margolis Joseph 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper provides a sketch of a fresh conception of the “metaphysics” of culture and a sense of its conceptual power and advantages, based on a post-Darwinian account of the artifactual, hybrid nature of a person, chiefly in terms of (what I treat as terms of art) Bildung (“external” and “internal”), Sittlichkeit (both descriptive and normative), and interpretation (diversely manifested in different sectors of inquiry). I consider the (“metaphysical”) relationship between membership in the species Homo sapiens sapiens and functioning as a person the generic distinction of human cultures (enlanguaged cultures), which I call Intentionality (that is, whatever is culturally significant or significative); and the bearing of the thesis on familiar philosophical quarrels and theory of the sciences.
The Food of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in Slovakia
Authors: Chavko Jozef , Danko Štefan , Obuch Ján , Mihók Jozef 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In this work we assess the data on the food of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in two separate nesting populations: one in Western Slovakia (21 pairs), the other in Eastern Slovakia (30 pairs). In Western Slovakia between 1978 and 2005 we recorded a total of 562 food items, consisting of 33 species of animal. The species predominantly featuring in the food were the brown hare Lepus europaeus (40.2%), common pheasant Phasianuscolchicus (17.3%), feral pigeon Columba livia domestica (11.7%) and the common hamster Cricetus cricetus (11.6%). In Eastern Slovakia between 1971 and 2005 we identified a total of 524 food items, made up of 30 animal species with slightly varying predominance of the same principal kinds of prey: L. europaeus (29.0%), C. cricetus (27.7%), P. colchicus (8.4%) and Columba sp. (8.2%). Imperial Eagles nesting in Slovakia are affected by the consequences of a marked reduction in population density of steppe-type rodents, especially ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) and hamsters (C. cricetus) and have become dependent for their food mainly on the prevalence of other small animals (L. europaeus, P. colchicus) and pigeons (C. livia domestica). Pairs nesting in neighbouring Hungary had similar prey, but a different order of predominance of the species (Haraszthy et al. 1996): C. cricetus (51.0%), L. europaeus (12.0%), P. colchicus (11.6%) and S. citellus (7.4%).