bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Cervical Cancer Prevention in India: Implementation Science Priorities
Authors: Krishnan Suneeta , Madsen Emily , Porterfield Deborah , Varghese Beena 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in India, accounting for 17% of all cancer deaths among women aged 30 to 69 years. At current incidence rates, the annual burden of new cases in India is projected to increase to 225,000 by 2025, but there are few large-scale, organized cervical cancer prevention programs in the country. We conducted a review of the cervical cancer prevention research literature and programmatic experiences in India to summarize the current state of knowledge and practices and recommend research priorities to address the gap in services. We found that research and programs in India have demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of cervical cancer prevention efforts and that screening strategies requiring minimal additional human resources and laboratory infrastructure can reduce morbidity and mortality. However, additional evidence generated through implementation science research is needed to ensure that cervical cancer prevention efforts have the desired impact and are cost-effective. Specifically, implementation science research is needed to understand individual- and community-level barriers to screening and diagnostic and treatment services; to improve health care worker performance; to strengthen links among screening, diagnosis, and treatment; and to determine optimal program design, outcomes, and costs. With a quarter of the global burden of cervical cancer in India, there is no better time than now to translate research findings to practice. Implementation science can help ensure that investments in cervical cancer prevention and control result in the greatest impact.
Breast Cancer in Young Women in Latin America: An Unmet, Growing Burden
Authors: Villarreal-Garza Cynthia , Aguila Christian , Magallanes-Hoyos Maria C. , Mohar Alejandro , Bargalló Enrique , Meneses Abelardo , Cazap Eduardo , Gomez Henry , López-Carrillo Lizbeth , Chávarri-Guerra Yanin , Murillo Raúl , Barrios Carlos 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background.
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of malignancy-related deaths among women aged ≤45 years. There are unexplored and uncertain issues for BC in this particular group in Latin America. The aim of this study is to evaluate BC incidence and mortality among young women and related clinicopathological and survivorship aspects in this region.

Materials and Methods.
Data were obtained from Globocan 2008 and the International Agency for Research on Cancer's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents series plus databases. We requested collaboration from the 12 different national cancer institutes in Latin America through SLACOM, the Latin American and Caribbean Society of Medical Oncology, and conducted a systematic literature review to obtain local data regarding the prevalence of BC among young women and their characteristics, outcomes, and survivorship-related issues.

Results.
BC incidence and mortality proportions for Latin American women aged &lt;44 years were higher when compared with those of developed countries (20% vs. 12% and 14% vs. 7%, respectively). We found only a few Latin American series addressing this topic, and prevalence varied between 8% and 14%. Stage II and III disease, high histological grade, and triple-negative and HER2 BC were features frequently observed among young Latin American BC patients.

Conclusion.
The rising incidence and mortality of BC in young Latin American women is a call to action in the region. It is necessary to monitor the epidemiological and clinical data through reliable cancer registries and to consider the implementation of protocols for education of patients and health professionals. This unmet, growing burden must be considered as a top priority of the national programs in the fight against BC, and models of specialized units should be implemented for this particular group of patients to provide better care for this emergent challenge.
Screen-and-Treat Approach to Cervical Cancer Prevention Using Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid and Cryotherapy: Experiences, Perceptions, and Beliefs From Demonstration Projects in Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam
Authors: Paul Proma , Winkler Jennifer L. , Bartolini Rosario M. , Penny Mary E. , Huong Trinh Thu , Nga Le Thi , Kumakech Edward , Mugisha Emmanuel , Jeronimo Jose 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Cervical cancer is preventable but continues to cause the deaths of more than 270,000 women worldwide each year, most of them in developing countries where programs to detect and treat precancerous lesions are not affordable or available. Studies have demonstrated that screening by visual inspection of the cervix using acetic acid (VIA) is a simple, affordable, and sensitive test that can identify precancerous changes of the cervix so that treatment such as cryotherapy can be provided. Government partners implemented screening and treatment using VIA and cryotherapy at demonstration sites in Peru, Uganda, and Vietnam. Evaluations were conducted in the three countries to explore the barriers and facilitating factors for the use of services and for incorporation of screen-and-treat programs using VIA and cryotherapy into routine services. Results showed that use of VIA and cryotherapy in these settings is a feasible approach to providing cervical cancer prevention services. Activities that can help ensure successful programs include mobilizing and educating communities, organizing services to meet women's schedules and needs, and strengthening systems to track clients for follow-up. Sustainability also depends on having an adequate number of trained providers and reducing staff turnover. Although some challenges were found across all sites, others varied from country to country, suggesting that careful assessments before beginning new secondary prevention programs will optimize the probability of success.
A New Theory on Cutter Layout for Improving PDC-Bit Performance in Hard-and Transit-Formation Drilling
Authors: Chen S. , Arfele R. , Anderle S. , Romero J. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
It is well-known that cutter layout on a polycrystalline-diamond compact (PDC) bit plays a key role in bit stability and drilling efficiency. In today's PDC bit, cutters are laid out according to two general principles: single set or track set.
A single-set cutter layout is defined as having no cutters at the same radial or axial position after cutters are rotationally projected into a radial plane passing through the bit axis (this is referred to as bit profile in the industry). On the other hand, a track-set layout is defined as having at least two cutters at the same radial and axial positions on a bit profile but on different blades. In most track-set designs, cutters on primary blades are single set, and cutters on minor blades are redundant to those on primary blades. An extreme version of track set is called track loc, in which there is only one primary blade and cutters on all other blades are redundant to those on the primary blade (Weaver and Clayton 1993).
Figs. 1a through 1c depict single set, track set, and track loc, respectively, demonstrating that the major difference is the engagement area or width of indentation of cutters while drilling. The single-set cutter has the smallest indentation width, and the track-loc cutter has the largest indentation width. According to laboratory and field tests, a PDC bit with single-set cutters drills much more efficiently than a PDC bit with track-set cutters (Besson et al. 2000). On the other hand, a PDC bit with track-loc cutters is extremely stable but extremely inefficient.
Bit stability may be enhanced by laying out the cutters so that the bit lateral forces are balanced or minimized. This is called a "force-balanced" PDC bit (Glowka 1989; Behr et al. 1993; Clayton et al. 2005). In some applications, cutters are laid out so that a large lateral imbalance force [as high as 15 to 20% of weight on bit (WOB)] is created and directed toward a so-called low-friction gauge pad, which is on one side of the bit. The bit is called an "anti-whirl" PDC bit (Brett et al. 1989; Warren et al. 1990). Successful field applications of this technology have been reported (Warren et al. 1990).
In this paper, it is found that the force-balanced condition of a PDC bit with single-set cutters may be violated during transit-formation drilling. A new cutter layout procedure is proposed, which not only ensures the force-balanced condition during transit drilling but also significantly improves drilling efficiency. The concepts developed in the paper are first verified by laboratory tests of a core PDC head and then a full PDC bit. Two case studies of the new bits in drilling through hard and transit formations are detailed in the paper.
Psychopathology in Mothers of Children with Global Developmental Delay due to Spastic Diplegia
Authors: Mahalingam Soundarya , Kamath Nutan , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Madi Deepak 
Published: December 2013

Background and Objectives: Parents of children with chronic illness like global developmental delay exhibit varied psychopathology in response to their child’s illness. Mothers of these children are more susceptible when compared to fathers, and hence show various psychopathological changes. Analysis of their psychological status is important to identify those families which need psychological help and counseling. The main aim of our study was to evaluate psychopathology in mothers of children with global developmental delay due to spastic diplegia. We also assessed the impact of intervention of the child on the psychological state of the mother over a 12 month follow up. Materials and methods: 60 mothers of children with global developmental delay due to spastic diplegia were selected from Neurodevelopmental Clinic of a tertiary care institution. Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL90R) was used to assess psychopathology. A repeat evaluation of mothers was done after 12 months of conventional intervention (Bobath technique) for their child. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical measures. Results: On assessing the psychiatric morbidity by SCL 90R, significant psychopathology was found in 54(90%) out of 60 mothers. Depression was the predominant psychopathology in the study population. Anxiety was also significantly elevated. The GSI (General Symptomatic Index), a measure of general distress was extremely high in 90% of the mothers. On follow up analysis of mothers using SCL 90R, 33% of the mothers showed no improvement in their psychological status following conventional intervention for their child. Conclusions: Chronic illness like global developmental delay affects the psychological health of mothers. In addition to purely focusing on the medical management of the child it is essential to focus attention on the distress experienced by their parents. Psychological therapy is hence required to improve the quality of life of mothers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.5469 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 80-84
Hip Hop and Religion: Gangsta Rap’s Christian Rhetoric
Authors: Tinajero Robert 
Published: December 2013

Abstract: This article analyzes gangsta rap discourse through the lens of rhetorical studies to reveal central features of its Christian religious ethos. The religious rhetorical output of many gangsta rappers, both textual and visual, reveals a religious ethos containing a form of religious phronesis (practical wisdom). This ethos has three central telling characteristics: solidarity with Jesus formed through the common theme of suffering; a mistrust of organized religion; and the presence of a psycho-social battle between good and evil, analyzed here through the examples of DMX and Mase.
Interpretive Treatments of Genesis in Comics: R. Crumb & Dave Sim
Authors: Jolly Don 
Published: December 2013

Abstract: In recent years, several interesting and complex exegetical works have been produced in the comic book format. The most notable are Robert Crumb’s Illustrated Book of Genesis, and the elaborate Genesis commentary by Dave Sim as part of his long-running independent series Cerebus. Crumb, I argue, uses the comic book format as a means to limit the theological dimension of the text. Sim, by contrast, subordinates the elements of his form to the creation of a highly idiosyncratic exegesis. A close examination of both works charts two radically different and innovative exegetical styles, united by the use of the novel methods of visual storytelling and existence within the context of previous Bible comics. This examination seeks to make these methods accessible to the religious scholar, thus opening the field of graphic exegesis to further examination.
Jewish Displacement of Irish Americans in Vaudeville: The Role of Religious and Cultural Values
Authors: Cherry Robert 
Published: December 2013

Abstract:During the second half of the nineteenth century, Irish Americans had a prominent if not dominant position in commercial vaudeville, but by the second decade of the next century they had a minor position. This paper documents that decline and focuses on the role that anti-pleasure Irish Catholic teachings played in it. When commercial vaudeville moved away from Victorian standards, it dramatically changed the way it was viewed by practicing Catholics and Catholic organizations. By contrast, newer Jewish immigrants, coming from a culture that rejected Victorian standards, embraced commercial vaudeville and came to play a dominant role in its growth in the early twentieth century, and its transition to silent films.
Real or Not Real:The Hunger Gamesas Transmediated Religion
Authors: Ringlestein Yonah 
Published: December 2013

Abstract:Transmedia is a powerful mode of mediated storytelling. Resembling the mythic imaginaries of Jewish mysticism and Christian Gnosticism, transmedia encourages fans to perform their desire for wholeness and ultimate reality. The Hunger Games franchise does religious work of shaping desire for wholeness through fan culture by promising fans they can overcome fragmentation and experience reintegration. Cultural analyses of transmedia franchises have yet to look at the mythic pattern of fragmentation, negotiation, and reunification of self through transmedia and fan-based activities. What makes The Hunger Games distinctive is how it functions as a transmediated world and also exposes the necessity of negotiation with media to recognize the difference between artifice and reality. I conclude that The Hunger Games eschews both the singular reality of modernity and the fluid realities of postmodernity, instead advocating for a persistently critical perspective of all kinds of constructed worlds and all realities.
Challenging Authority in Cyberspace: Evaluating Al Jazeera Arabic Writers
Authors: Lo Mbaye , Frkovich Andi 
Published: December 2013

Abstract: The Arab Spring has been widely branded as a social media revolution. Evidence has shown that many Arab citizens consider Al Jazeera one of the most popular and credible Arab news networks, making it important to explore the manner and the extent to which this media network may have impacted the Revolution. One way to do so is by examining the meaning, configuration, and providers of the Al Jazeera network’s news content. This exploration seems to raise important questions: what are the contents of Al Jazeera’s Arabic politico-religious articles? Are political writers revolutionaries in their views? Do they identify with the Arab mainstream or with a political/ideological group, or do they court the interests of Arab states? To what extent are writers affected by their country of origin, their ideological affiliations, or the country in which Al Jazeera is based—Qatar? This article attempts to answer these questions by analyzing the fluidity and the complexities of a sample of articles collected from Al Jazeera’s Arabic political columns between 30 January and 31 August 2011. In doing so, this article contributes to a timely discussion of social media, religion, and authority in the Arab world by presenting a case study of the political content of one of the Arab world’s leading media outlets.
Interfaith Encounters in Popular Culture
Authors: Stone Bryan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract: Popular culture in the context of the United States provides an important social “space” for exploring interfaith encounters that shape attitudes and behaviours with respect to how people understand religious difference and diversity. The article examines ways that popular culture functions as this formative space through its on-screen exploration of interfaith encounters and its mediation of interfaith encounters through a celebrity-endorsed and market-driven spirituality that coordinates America’s particular brand of religious pluralism by commodifying and thereby including diverse religious values, practices, and beliefs.
Claude Romano au carrefour de la phénoménologie française
Authors: Canullo Carla 
Published: December 2013

Au carrefour de la phénoménologie française contemporaine Depuis la fin des années ’90, la réflexion sur l’événement a permis de compter Claude Romano parmi les protagonistes de la phénoménologie française contemporaine. Sa proposition phénoménologique s’est ensuite nouée (grâce à l’endurante lecture des romans de Faulkner) à l’inouï débordement de l’événement de la vie que le récit est censé redonner, pour ainsi dire, "en elle-même" et à l’abri de toute sorte de réduction. L’enjeu de ces pages – consacrées à l’ouvrage de Claude Romano paru en 2010, Au cœur de la raison, la phénoménologie – sera la même répétition de la phénoménologie que Romano nous a livrée dans cet ouvrage. En effet, notre avis est que Romano, en 2010, a pratiqué une Wiederholung de la phénoménologie et qu’il l’a fait situant celle-ci au centre d’un carrefour où confluent les questions historiques (Husserl, Heidegger), les libres variations de la phénoménologie en France (Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Levinas), la philosophie analytique. Or par cette répétition il s’est installé au carrefour de la phénoménologie française contemporaine, et cela pour deux raisons : premièrement, parce qu’il a donné une contribution décisive à l’alternative "réduction vs intentionnalité" qui ne cesse de représenter l’alternative de la réception française de la phénoménologie. Deuxièmement, parce que par sa répétition il a ouvert aussi un chemin nouveau et original qui maintenant demande à être phénoménologiquement questionné.
Interpreting the South Flats Earthwork (20MU2): Insights Gained from Geophysical Surveys
Authors: GAFF DONALD , SHERROD LAURA , BRASHLER JANET G. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTMichigan's prehistoric earthen enclosures are among the least understood archaeological sites in the state. This paper explores the function of the South Flats Earthwork (20MU2) using remote sensing strategies to reveal aspects of its internal structure not available through excavation. Ground penetrating radar and magnetometry were employed to explore this fragile archaeological site. Results, coupled with excavation data, suggest that South Flats was the work of a small-scale society and a locus of storage and food exchange through kin ties.
Influence of precipitation events on phytoplankton biomass in coastal waters of the eastern United States
Authors: Kim Tae‐Wook , Najjar Raymond G. , Lee Kitack 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPrecipitation over the ocean surface in the vicinity of industrialized and populated coastlines can increase the ocean nitrate concentration and consequently enhance ocean primary productivity. Using satellite data and a meteorological reanalysis product, we evaluated the impact of precipitation events on the chlorophyll a concentration in coastal and offshore waters located downwind of the eastern United States. We found that in low‐nutrient areas (defined as having nitrate concentrations < 1 μM) precipitation events were associated with increased levels of chlorophyll a (up to approximately 15%), but in high‐nutrient areas (nitrate concentrations > 1 μM) they were associated with decreased levels. These contrasting responses of chlorophyll a concentration to precipitation were attributed to the correlation of precipitation with wind speed and to other factors (nutrients and light) limiting phytoplankton growth. Increases in wind speed accompanied by precipitation events typically deepen the mixed layer, which can entrain additional nutrients into the mixed layer but simultaneously reduce light availability. We suggest that in nutrient‐depleted areas (south of 36°N) the added nutrients were a dominant factor increasing the chlorophyll a concentration, whereas in the nutrient‐replete areas (north of 36°N), where phytoplankton growth was light limited, reduced light availability was the dominant factor determining reduced chlorophyll a concentration. Our results indicate that an increase in wind speed accompanied by precipitation events was a major contributor to the observed changes in chlorophyll a concentration during wet days, whereas the wet deposition of pollutant nitrogen slightly increased the chlorophyll a concentration (< 5%) only in nutrient‐depleted areas.
Isotropic thaw subsidence in undisturbed permafrost landscapes
Authors: Shiklomanov Nikolay I. , Streletskiy Dmitry A. , Little Jonathon D. , Nelson Frederick E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObservations in undisturbed terrain within some regions of the Arctic reveal limited correlation between increasing air temperature and the thickness of the seasonally thawed layer above ice‐rich permafrost. Here we describe landscape‐scale, thaw‐induced subsidence lacking the topographic contrasts associated with thermokarst terrain. A high‐resolution, 11 year record of temperature and vertical movement at the ground surface from contrasting physiographic regions of northern Alaska, obtained with differential global positioning systems technology, indicates that thaw of an ice‐rich layer at the top of permafrost has produced decimeter‐scale subsidence extending over the entire landscapes. Without specialized observation techniques the subsidence is not apparent to observers at the surface. This “isotropic thaw subsidence” explains the apparent stability of active layer thickness records from some landscapes of northern Alaska, despite warming near‐surface air temperatures. Integrated over extensive regions, it may be responsible for thawing large volumes of carbon‐rich substrate and could have negative impacts on infrastructure.