bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feline Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: Williams John M 
Published: February 2014

Practical relevance: Gastrointestinal (GI) surgical procedures are performed commonly in cats in general practice for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. It is essential that the surgeon understands and adheres to the principles of GI surgery in order that postoperative morbidity and mortality are kept to a minimum. Audience: This review is aimed at feline and general practitioners wanting to update their core skills in GI surgery. It discusses anatomical considerations and surgical principles, and aims to familiarise the surgeon with techniques (some well established, others newer) that will help to promote surgical success. Equipment: Standard general surgical equipment is required, together with the facilities to provide adequate pre-, intra- and postoperative patient care. Evidence base: The author draws on clinical experience and evidence from the literature, where appropriate, in reviewing the guidance and techniques under discussion.
Who is watching the watchmen: Is quality reporting ever harmful?
Authors: Braithwaite R Scott , Caplan Arthur 
Published: February 2014

Background: Quality reporting is increasingly used as a tool to encourage health systems, hospitals, and their practitioners to deliver the greatest health benefit. However, quality reporting systems may have unintended negative consequences, such as inadvertently encouraging “cherry-picking” by inadequately adjusting for patients who are challenging to take care of, or underpowering to reliably detect meaningful differences in care. There have been no reports seeking to identify a minimum level of accuracy that ought to be viewed as a prerequisite for quality reporting. Method: Using a decision analytic model, we seek to delineate minimal standards for quality measures to meet, using the simplest assumptions to illustrate what those standards may be. Results: We find that even under assumptions regarding optimal performance of the quality reporting system (sensitivity and specificity of 1), we can identify a minimal level of accuracy required for the quality reporting system to “do no harm”: the increase in health-related quality of life from a higher rather than lower quality practitioner must be greater than the number of practitioners per patient divided by the proportion of patients willing to switch from a lower to a higher quality provider. Conclusion: Quality measurement systems that have not been demonstrated to improve health outcomes should be held to a specific standard of measurement accuracy.
Characteristics of daily arm activities in patients with COPD
Authors: Meijer Kenneth , Annegarn Janneke , Lima Passos Valéria , Savelberg Hans H. , Schols Annemie M. , Wouters Emiel F. , Spruit Martijn A. 
Published: February 2014

Arm activities are required for maintenance of self-care and independent living. This study aimed to investigate whether and to what extent arm activities of daily living (ADL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients differ compared to healthy controls and the extent to which they perform arm ADL at a relatively higher upper limb muscle effort.Daily arm and leg activities were assessed using accelerometers in the home environment (COPD: n=21, healthy: n=24; part 1). The relative efforts of the trapezius, deltoid and biceps muscles were studied using electromyography during domestic arm ADL in a laboratory setting (COPD: n=17, healthy: n=15; part 2).After correction for walking time, the time spent on arm ADL was similar between COPD patients and healthy control subjects (p=0.52), while the intensity of arm activities was lower in COPD patients (p=0.041). In the laboratory setting, arm ADL were performed at a lower intensity by COPD patients, while the trapezius muscle effort was significantly higher during several arm ADL compared to healthy control subjects (p<0.05).COPD patients have a similar duration of arm ADL compared to healthy subjects after correction for walking time, but perform arm activities at a lower intensity. Moreover, patients perform some arm ADL at a relatively higher muscle effort.
Air pollution and biomarkers of systemic inflammation and tissue repair in COPD patients
Authors: Dadvand Payam , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J. , Agustí Àlvar , de Batlle Jordi , Benet Marta , Beelen Rob , Cirach Marta , Martinez David , Hoek Gerard , Basagaña Xavier , Ferrer Antoni , Ferrer Jaume , Rodriguez-Roisin Robert , Sauleda Jaume , Guerra Stefano , Antó Josep M. , Garcia-Aymerich Judith 
Published: February 2014

The origin(s) of systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. We investigated the impact of exposure to ambient air pollution on systemic biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and fibrinogen) and tissue repair (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)) in 242 clinically stable COPD patients (mean age 67.8 years and forced expiratory volume in 1 s 71.3% predicted) in Barcelona, Spain, in 2004–2006.A spatiotemporal exposure assessment framework was applied to predict ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and levels of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at each participant’s home address during 10 periods of 24 h (lags 1–10) and 1 year prior to the blood sampling date. We used linear regression models to estimate associations between biomarkers and exposure levels.An interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2exposure in lag 5 was associated with 51%, 10% and 9% increases in CRP, fibrinogen and HGF levels respectively. We also observed 12% and 8% increases in IL-8 associated with an IQR increase in NO2exposure in lag 3 and over the year before sampling, respectively. These increases were larger in former smokers. The results for PM2.5were not conclusive.These results show that exposure to ambient NO2increases systemic inflammation in COPD patients, especially in former smokers.
Association of the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism with TNF-inhibitor response in sarcoidosis
Authors: Wijnen Petal A. , Cremers Johanna P. , Nelemans Patty J. , Erckens Roel J. , Hoitsma Elske , Jansen Tim L. , Bekers Otto , Drent Marjolein 
Published: February 2014

Responsiveness to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors has been associated with the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the presence of this polymorphism and the response to TNF inhibitors in patients with refractory sarcoidosis.Patients (n=111) who started TNF-inhibitor treatment (76 infliximab, 35 adalimumab) were followed for at least 1 year. The main symptoms in these patients were fatigue (n=100, 90.1%), small fibre neuropathy (n=91, 82.0%), pulmonary involvement (n=69, 62.2%), and/or uveitis (n=31, 27.9%). Patients were additionally genotyped for the presence of the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism. Treatment response was assessed using clinical outcome measures and questionnaires.Three-quarters (n=83, 74.8%) of the patients responded well. Of the patients without the variant A-allele 93.6% (73 out of 78, p<0.001) improved, while 30.3% (10 out of 33) of variant A-allele carriers responded favourably to TNF inhibitors. For patients with the GG-genotype, the probability of improving compared with remaining stable or deteriorating was three times higher (risk ratio 3.09, 95% CI 1.84–5.20).Sarcoidosis patients without the TNF-α -308A variant allele (GG-genotype) had a three-fold higher response to TNF inhibitors (adalimumab or infliximab). Further research is needed to evaluate the value of genotyping for the TNF-α G-308A polymorphism in order to tailor TNF-inhibitor treatment.
Effect of acupuncture on Deqi traits and pain intensity in primary dysmenorrhea: analysis of data from a larger randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shi Guang-Xia , Li Qian-Qian , Liu Cun-Zhi , Zhu Jiang , Wang Lin-Peng , Wang Jing , Han Li-Li , Guan Li-Ping , Wu Meng-Meng 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background

Deqi is a central concept in traditional Chinese acupuncture. We performed a secondary analysis on data from a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) in order to assess the effect of acupuncture on deqi traits and pain intensity in primary dysmenorrhea.

Methods
A total of 60 primary dysmenorrhea patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Acupuncture was given at SP6, GB39 or nonacupoint. Subjective pain was measured by a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after acupuncture. The Massachusetts General Hospital acupuncture sensation scales (MASS) with minor modification was used to rate deqi sensations during acupuncture.

Results
The results showed that VAS scores of pain after acupuncture were significantly decreased comparing to before acupuncture treatment in all three groups (P = 0.000). However, no significant differences were found among three groups at the beginning or end of acupuncture treatment (P = 0.928, P = 0.419).

Conclusions
There was no statistical difference among three groups in terms of intensity of deqi feeling. The types of sensation were similar across the groups with only minor differences among them.

Trial registration
Trial registration number: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN24863192.
Detection and localization of isolated wear bearing faults of rotating machinery by spectral analysis
Authors: Menasri N. , Zaoui M. , Bouchoucha A. 
Published: February 2014

Rotating machines play a strategic role in a manufacturing process, and it is the case of a cement mill. These machines are composed of fragile bodies (bearings and gears, etc.) subjected to mechanical stress and harsh industrial environment.Sources of failure are many; the wear and the spalling of bearing, the wear and fracture of a tooth of a gear, the misalignment of the axes, etc. To avoid unexpected downtime and costly, those bodies must be monitored continuously. There are several ways to do that; vibration analysis, lubricant analysis, infrared thermography and acoustic analysis. Vibration analysis (frequency) is most often used by operating a signal from an accelerometer. Whenever a fault participated in a contact, it changed the vibration characteristics of the system. By analyzing the acceleration measurements from an accelerometer, we can identify and quantify these changes in order to establish a relationship between the measures and the type of defect, which will be used as signatures for fault diagnosis system. In a system of power transmission (gear unit of a cement mill) the frequency of occurrences of faults can be known from the geometry and kinematics of the system.This article deals with the detection of bearing defects isolated in a gear unit of a cement mill by spectral analysis of vibration; which based on a systematic analysis spectral and envelope spectrum of vibration signal for the presence of images of all vibrational defects may affect the body in question.
Lectotypification of Linnaean names in Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Yu Wen-Bin , Kuss Patrick , Wang Hong , Ree Richard H. , Li De-Zhu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTen Linnaean names of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) are lectotypified: P. comosa, P. flammea, P. hirsuta, P. incarnata, P. lapponica, P. resupinata, P. rostrata, P. tristis, P. tuberosa and P. verticillata. Lectotypes are designated from the Linnaean herbarium at LINN. The type choices made here maintain the present usage of the corresponding Linnaean names for ten Pedicularis species.
Typification of Ipomoea hederacea Jacq.
Authors: Austin Daniel F. , Staples George , Bianchini Rosangela Simão 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPrevious lectotypification of Ipomoea hederacea is shown to be ineffective. Here we discuss the situation and lectotypify the species with a specimen annotated by Jacquin. Ipomoea hederacea is not based on Convolvulus hederaceus L., since Jacquin was applying the name to a different taxon and therefore did not intend to publish a combination based on Convolvulus hederaceus.
Independent evolutionary history between the Balkan ranges and more northerly mountains in Campanula alpina s.l. (Campanulaceae): Genetic divergence and morphological segregation of taxa
Authors: Ronikier Michał , Zalewska-Gałosz Joanna 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough the Balkan Peninsula belongs to the main European biodiversity centres, phylogeographical structure of its high‐mountain flora and relationships with adjoining mountain systems remain almost unknown. Here, we analyse the evolutionary patterns in Campanula alpina s.l., which comprises C. alpina Jacq. (eastern Alps, Carpathians) and the mostly neglected, allopatric Balkan taxon C. orbelica Pančić. Using a range‐wide sampling, two molecular marker systems (mostly nuclear AFLPs and chloroplast DNA sequences), flow cytometry and morphometric assessment, we (1) test earlier hypotheses assuming the impact of the Balkan lineages on the history of populations in the Alps and the Carpathians; (2) elucidate the long‐lasting controversy concerning the taxonomic status of the populations in the Balkan Peninsula. The primary evolutionary break, evidenced by a substantial genetic differentiation, separated the Alpine/Carpathian and Balkan populations. Thus, the previously hypothesized influence of the Balkan gene pool on the present more northerly lineages (especially on a distinct phylogeographical group occurring in the southwestern Carpathians) was rejected. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of cpDNA may support the Carpathians as the ancestral area within C. alpina from which the species reached the Alps, although strongly divergent AFLPs point at a relatively ancient time of this colonization. Molecular data and clear morphological segregation supported C. orbelica as a Balkan endemic species evolutionarily divergent from C. alpina. Both taxa are lectotypified, illustrated and morphologically characterized; their diagnostic characters are outlined.
Which name(s) should be used for Araucaria‐like fossil wood?—Results of a poll
Authors: Rößler Ronny , Philippe Marc , van Konijnenburg-van Cittert Johanna H.A. , McLoughlin Stephen , Sakala Jakub , Zijlstra Gea , Annamraju Rajanikanth , Ash Sidney , Baas Pieter , Bamford Marion , Bateman Richard , Booi Menno , Boonchai Nareerat , Brea Mariana , Crisafulli Alexandra , Decombeix Anne-Laure , Dolezych Martina , Dutra Tânia , Esteban Luis G. , Falaschi Paula , Falcon-Lang Howard , Feng Zhuo , Gnaedinger Silvia , Guerra Sommer Margot , Harland Melise , Herbst Rafael , Hilton Jason , Iamandei Eugenia , Iamandei Stãnilã , Jiang Hong-Hen , Jiang Zikun , Kim Kyungsik , Konijnenburg-van Cittert Johanna van , Kunzmann Lutz , Kurzawe Francine , McLoughlin Stephen , Merlotti Sheila , Meyer-Berthaud Brigitte , Naugolnykh Serge , Nishida Harufumi , Oh Changhwan , Orlova Olga , Palacios Paloma de , Philippe Marc , Pole Mike , Poole Imogen , Pujana Roberto , Rößler Ronny , Ryberg Patricia , Sakala Jakub , Savidge Rodney , Schultka Stephan , Süß Herbert , Taylor Edith , Terada Kazuo , Thévenard Frédéric , Torres Teresa , Vera Ezequiel , Wheeler Elisabeth , Yang Xiao-ju , Zijlstra Gea , Zheng Shaolin , Zhang Wu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAraucarioxylon Kraus is a widely known fossil‐genus generally applied to woods similar to that of the extant Arau‐ cariaceae. However, since 1905, several researchers have pointed out that this name is an illegitimate junior nomenclatural synonym. At least four generic names are in current use for fossil wood of this type: Agathoxylon Hartig, Araucarioxylon, Dadoxylon Endl. and Dammaroxylon J. Schultze‐Motel. This problem of inconsistent nomenclatural application is compounded by the fact that woods of this type represent a wide range of plants including basal pteridosperms, cordaitaleans, glossopterids, primitive conifers, and araucarian conifers, with a fossil record that extends from the Devonian to Holocene. Conservation of Araucarioxylon has been repeatedly suggested but never officially proposed. Since general use is a strong argument for conservation, a poll was conducted amongst fossil wood anatomists in order to canvass current and preferred usage. It was found that the community is divided, with about one‐fifth recommending retention of the well‐known Araucarioxylon, whereas the majority of others advocated use of the legitimate Agathoxylon. The arguments of the various colleagues who answered the poll are synthesized and discussed. There is clearly little support for conservation of Araucarioxylon. A secondary aspect of the poll tackled the issue as to whether Araucaria‐like fossil woods should be either gathered into a unique fossil‐genus, or whether two fossil‐genera should be recognized, based on the respective presence or absence of axial parenchyma. A majority of colleagues favoured having one fossil‐genus only. Agathoxylon can be used legitimately and appears to be the most appropriate name for such woods. However, its original diagnosis must be expanded if those woods lacking axial parenchyma are to be included.
On a question of Gillespie
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Ding Nanqing 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A question of
Gillespie concerning the completeness of the induced cotorsion pairs
is settled in the general setting of any bicomplete abelian
category. That is, given a complete hereditary cotorsion pair

(
𝒜
,
ℬ
)

${(\mathcal {A},\mathcal {B})}$

in a bicomplete abelian category, we
show that the cotorsion pairs of chain complexes

(

𝒜
˜

,
dg

ℬ
˜

)

${(\mathcal {\protect \widetilde{A}},\operatorname{dg}\mathcal {\protect \widetilde{B}})}$

and

(
dg

𝒜
˜

,

ℬ
˜

)

${(\operatorname{dg}\mathcal {\protect \widetilde{A}},\mathcal {\protect \widetilde{B}})}$

are complete,
compatible and hereditary. This immediately puts a model structure
on the chain complex category. As an application of this result, we
establish homological dimensions of unbounded complexes in a
Grothendieck category by means of

dg
𝒜

${\operatorname{dg}\mathcal {A}}$

complexes
and

dg
ℬ

${\operatorname{dg}\mathcal {B}}$

complexes respectively. Some examples of complete hereditary cotorsion pairs in Grothendieck categories are given.
Numerical Simulation of Stochastic Inverse Problems in Rigid-Poro-Plastic Materials
Authors: Sluzalec Andrzej 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A numerical approach is presented for stochastic identification of rigid-poroplastic material model in forming processes. The numerical solutions for deterministic as well as stochastic direct and inverse problems have been described. The inverse problem is solved by the use of gradient based methods and a sensitivity analysis. The proposed direct and inverse formulation describes probabilistic distributions of material data and boundary conditions. Examples of numerical simulations concern a compression of rigid-poroplastic cylindrical specimen with random material parameter as well as poroplastic ring with random boundary conditions. The stochastic solutions are obtained by application of the Monte Carlo method.
Real-time deformation monitoring by a wireless network of low-cost GPS
Authors: Benoit Lionel , Briole Pierre , Martin Olivier , Thom Christian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMonitoring small size area deformations calls forincreasingly precise data with greater space and time resolution.To this aim, a GPS data processing method designedfor wireless networks of mono-frequency GPS receiversis proposed. The different steps of the method areexplained: the GPS processing is first detailed with the designof parametric and stochastic models, their inversionby an extended Kalman filter and the mitigation of themain errors: multipath. A parsimonious radio data transferprotocol is then proposed. It allows a real-time positioningthanks to a wireless transfer of GPS carrier phasesdata from receivers to a processing computer. Finally themethod is tested on a network of mono-frequency receiversdeveloped by the French National Mapping Agency (IGN).Tests prove its ability for real-time positioning with a fifteenreceivers network, and a precision under the centimeterlevel is reached.
Internal Notched Flexure (INF) Test for Measurement of Mode II Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Fiber Composites
Authors: Belay Tsegay , Jar P.-Y. Ben , Cheng J.-J. Roger 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A revised analysis to derive the expression for the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of fiber-reinforced polymers from internal notched flexure (INF) testing in small deformation is presented here. The approach adopted for the derivation takes into account the interlaminar shear load in the overhanging section outside the span. This improves the prediction accuracy for the initial specimen compliance, as evident from a finite element (FE) model of the INF specimen. The FE model also suggests that extensive damage develops at the crack tip before the delamination growth. Therefore, rather than using the physical crack length to calculate the interlaminar fracture toughness, one should use the effective crack length, which can be determined based on the measured specimen stiffness from experimental testing. With that, the analytical expression yields an inerlaminar fracture toughness that is consistent with the input value for the cohesive elements of the FE model.
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeEssential Genes with an Opi− Phenotype
Authors: Salas-Santiago Bryan , Lopes John M 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe overproduction and secretion of inositol (i.e., Opi−) phenotype is associated with defects in regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis in yeast. Here we report a screen of the essential yeast gene set using a conditional-expression library. This screen identified novel functions previously unknown to affect phospholipid synthesis.
Observation of pseudoelastic behavior in large Cu-Ni composite multilayer nanowires
Authors: Abdolrahim N. , Mastorakos I.N. , Bahr D. , Zbib H.M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years, studies have shown that single crystal metallic nanowires (NWs) can exhibit unique pseudoelastic behavior when their cross-sectional area is smaller than a certain critical value, which is on the order of a few nms. The mechanism responsible for this behavior is the formation of partial dislocations (twinning). In this paper we demonstrate using molecular dynamics simulations that thicker composite nanowires can exhibit pseudoelastic behavior at large cross-sectional dimensions to 28 nm and higher, as long as the individual layer thickness do not exceed a critical value of 1.8-2 nm, thus making their manufacturing feasible and more attractive.
Phase Separation of Carboxylated Poly-L-lysine
Authors: Das Esha , Matsumura Kazuaki 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTStimuli-responsive materials are capable of reversibly altering their properties depending on the environmental conditions or external stimuli. External stimuli typically include thermal, pH, electric fields, optical, magnetic fields, mechanical forces and chemical interactions. There are many instances in nature where responsive surfaces have been observed. Temperature is the most widely used stimulus in environmentally responsive polymer systems. The change of temperature is not only relatively easy to control, but also easily applicable both in vitro and in vivo. Temperature responsive polymers exhibit a phase transition at a certain temperature, which causes a sudden change in the solvation state. Polymers that become insoluble upon heating have a so-called lower critical solution temperature (LCST). One example of these polymers is poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide), which shows LCST at about 32 °C, close to the physiological temperature. In this study, we report the developing of novel polyampholytes which shows thermo-, salt-responsive liquid-liquid phase separation in aqueous solution.