bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty‐eight days of exposure to 3454 m increases mitochondrial volume density in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Jacobs Robert A. , Lundby Anne‐Kristine Meinild , Fenk Simone , Gehrig Saskia , Siebenmann Christoph , Flück Daniela , Kirk Niels , Hilty Matthias P. , Lundby Carsten 
Published: September 2015

Key points
It is generally accepted that mitochondrial volume density in human skeletal muscle diminishes with chronic high altitude exposure.
All data supporting this concept were collected during mountaineering expeditions, which are associated with the confounding effects of whole body negative energy balance.
Here we examine the effect of 28 days of exposure to 3454 m on skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density in a setting where whole body weight, whole body composition, leg lean mass, skeletal muscle fibre area and maximal power output were preserved.
Our results demonstrate that total skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density increases in response to high altitude exposure secondary to a preferential increase in intermyofibrillar mitochondrial populations.
This study provides direct evidence contradicting the notion that high altitude exposure diminishes skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density, highlighting an inconsistent understanding of the role of hypoxia on skeletal muscle mitochondria.
AbstractThe role of hypoxia on skeletal muscle mitochondria is controversial. Studies superimposing exercise training on hypoxic exposure demonstrate an increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density (MitoVD) over equivalent normoxic training. In contrast, reductions in both skeletal muscle mass and MitoVD have been reported following mountaineering expeditions. These observations may, however, be confounded by negative energy balance, which may obscure the results. Accordingly we sought to examine the effects of high altitude hypoxic exposure on mitochondrial characteristics, with emphasis on MitoVD, while minimizing changes in energy balance. For this purpose, skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from nine lowlanders at sea level (Pre) and following 7 and 28 days of exposure to 3454 m. Maximal ergometer power output, whole body weight and composition, leg lean mass and skeletal muscle fibre area all remained unchanged following the altitude exposure. Transmission electron microscopy determined that intermyofibrillar (IMF) MitoVD was augmented (P = 0.028) by 11.5 ± 9.2% from Pre (5.05 ± 0.9%) to 28 Days (5.61 ± 0.04%). In contrast, there was no change in subsarcolemmal (SS) MitoVD. As a result, total MitoVD (IMF + SS) was increased (P = 0.031) from 6.20 ± 1.5% at Pre to 6.62 ± 1.4% at 28 Days (7.8 ± 9.3%). At the same time no changes in mass‐specific respiratory capacities, mitochondrial protein or antioxidant content were found. This study demonstrates that skeletal muscle MitoVD may increase with 28 days acclimation to 3454 m.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Rhizobacterium Pseudomonas trivialis Strain IHBB745 with Multiple Plant Growth-Promoting Activities and Tolerance to Desiccation and Alkalinity
Authors: Gulati Arvind , Swarnkar Mohit Kumar , Vyas Pratibha , Rahi Praveen , Thakur Rishu , Thakur Namika , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of 6.45 Mb is reported here for
Pseudomonas trivialis
strain IHBB745 (MTCC 5336), which is an efficient, stress-tolerant, and broad-spectrum plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. The gene-coding clusters predicted the genes for phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, and stress response.
Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Deltacoronavirus Strain CH/Sichuan/S27/2012 from Mainland China
Authors: Wang Yi-Wen , Yue Hua , Fang Weihuan , Huang Yao-Wei 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
We report the first complete genome sequence of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) strain CH/Sichuan/S27/2012 identified in feces of diarrheic piglets from mainland China in 2012. This strain has two unique in-frame deletions within the ORF1a gene and is phylogenetically between the prototype PDCoV (HKU15) and the 2014 U.S. strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-BM-A02, a Rare Strain with a High Acid-Producing Rate and Low Post-Acidification Ability
Authors: Shi Yudong , Chen Yun , Li Zhouyong , Yang Lan , Chen Wei , Mu Zhishen 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus thermophilus
MN-BM-A02 was originally isolated from a traditional fermented dairy product in China. The characteristics of this bacterium are its high acid-producing rate and low post-acidification. This study presents the genome sequence of MN-BM-A02. Its complete genome comprises 2,025 genes and 1,850,434 nucleotides with an average G+C content of 39%.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Metronidazole-Susceptible Atopobium vaginae Isolate
Authors: Schuyler Jessica A. , Mordechai Eli , Adelson Martin E. , Gygax Scott E. , Hilbert David W. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of a vaginal isolate of
Atopobium vaginae
vaginae
(strain 44061), an organism linked to bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common gynecological infection in the United States. This species is often highly resistant to metronidazole, which is a front-line therapy for BV. Strain 44061 is a metronidazole-susceptible isolate (MIC, 16 µg/ml), and its genome sequence will be useful for comparative studies to elucidate the molecular basis of metronidazole resistance in this species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus megaterium Podophage Pavlov
Authors: Burgos Roberto W. , Mash Scott J. , Cahill Jesse L. , Rasche Eric S. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus megaterium
is a large spore-forming bacterium found widely in the environment. Phages infecting
B. megaterium
can be used as genetic tools to expand the array of uses of
B. megaterium
in research and industry. Here, we present the complete genome of Pavlov, a podophage infecting
B. megaterium
.
Complete Genome Sequence of an
Edwardsiella piscicida
-Like Species, Recovered from Tilapia in the United States
Authors: Reichley Stephen R. , Waldbieser Geoffrey C. , Lawrence Mark L. , Griffin Matt J. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

An
Edwardsiella piscicida
-like species is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that causes disease in some fish species. In this report, we present the complete and annotated genome of isolate LADL05-105, recovered from cultured tilapia reared in Louisiana, which contains a chromosome of 4,142,037 bp and no plasmids.
Theorising and testing environmental pathways to behaviour change: natural experimental study of the perception and use of new infrastructure to promote walking and cycling in local communities
Authors: Panter Jenna , Ogilvie David 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveSome studies have assessed the effectiveness of environmental interventions to promote physical activity, but few have examined how such interventions work. We investigated the environmental mechanisms linking an infrastructural intervention with behaviour change.DesignNatural experimental study.SettingThree UK municipalities (Southampton, Cardiff and Kenilworth).ParticipantsAdults living within 5 km of new walking and cycling infrastructure.InterventionConstruction or improvement of walking and cycling routes. Exposure to the intervention was defined in terms of residential proximity.Outcome measuresQuestionnaires at baseline and 2-year follow-up assessed perceptions of the supportiveness of the environment, use of the new infrastructure, and walking and cycling behaviours. Analysis proceeded via factor analysis of perceptions of the physical environment (step 1) and regression analysis to identify plausible pathways involving physical and social environmental mediators and refine the intervention theory (step 2) to a final path analysis to test the model (step 3).ResultsParticipants who lived near and used the new routes reported improvements in their perceptions of provision and safety. However, path analysis (step 3, n=967) showed that the effects of the intervention on changes in time spent walking and cycling were largely (90%) explained by a simple causal pathway involving use of the new routes, and other pathways involving changes in environmental cognitions explained only a small proportion of the effect.ConclusionsPhysical improvement of the environment itself was the key to the effectiveness of the intervention, and seeking to change people's perceptions may be of limited value. Studies of how interventions lead to population behaviour change should complement those concerned with estimating their effects in supporting valid causal inference.
Teachers’ experiences of adolescents’ pain in everyday life: a qualitative study
Authors: Rohde Gudrun , Westergren Thomas , Haraldstad Kristin , Johannessen Berit , Høie Magnhild , Helseth Sølvi , Fegran Liv , Slettebø Åshild 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesMore adolescents report pain now than previously. In Norway, episodic pain problems have been reported by 60% of children and adolescents aged 8–18 years, with 21% reporting duration of pain of more than 3 months. Since adolescents spend much time at school, the attitude and behaviour of teachers play important roles regarding the experience of pain felt by adolescents in everyday life. Yet research on how teachers perceive the pain experienced by adolescents in a school setting is limited. We therefore seek to gain insight to teachers’ classroom experiences with (1) adolescent's self-reported pain symptoms; (2) adolescents management of their pain and (3) how to help adolescents manage their pain.SettingTeachers in 5 junior high schools in Norway representing municipalities in 3 rural areas and 2 cities.Research designA qualitative study with an explorative design comprising 5 focus group interviews. Each group consisted of 3–8 junior high school teachers. A semistructured interview guide was used to cover the issues. The transcribed text was analysed with qualitative content analysis.Participants22 teachers participated (5 men, 17 women; age range 29–62 years) with teaching experience ranging from 3 to nearly 40 years.ResultsThe main theme describing the experience of teachers with adolescents’ pain in everyday life is that pain and management of pain is a social, physical and psychological interwoven phenomenon. Through empirical analyses, 3 subcategories emerged: (1) everyday pain—expressing strenuous life; (2) managing pain—escaping struggle and (3) strategies of teachers—support and normalisation.ConclusionsTeachers have a biopsychosocial understanding and approach to pain experienced by adolescents. This understanding influences the role of teachers as significant others in the lives of adolescents with regard to pain and management of their pain in a school setting.
What is the influence of randomisation sequence generation and allocation concealment on treatment effects of physical therapy trials? A meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Armijo-Olivo Susan , Saltaji Humam , da Costa Bruno R , Fuentes Jorge , Ha Christine , Cummings Greta G 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo determine if adequacy of randomisation and allocation concealment is associated with changes in effect sizes (ES) when comparing physical therapy (PT) trials with and without these methodological characteristics.DesignMeta-epidemiological study.ParticipantsA random sample of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses in the PT discipline were identified.InterventionData extraction including assessments of random sequence generation and allocation concealment was conducted independently by two reviewers. To determine the association between sequence generation, and allocation concealment and ES, a two-level analysis was conducted using a meta-meta-analytic approach.Primary and secondary outcome measuresassociation between random sequence generation and allocation concealment and ES in PT trials.Results393 trials included in 43 meta-analyses, analysing 44 622 patients contributed to this study. Adequate random sequence generation and appropriate allocation concealment were accomplished in only 39.7% and 11.5% of PT trials, respectively. Although trials with inappropriate allocation concealment tended to have an overestimate treatment effect when compared with trials with adequate concealment of allocation, the difference was non-statistically significant (ES=0.12; 95% CI −0.06 to 0.30). When pooling our results with those of Nueschet al, we obtained a pooled statistically significant value (ES=0.14; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.26). There was no difference in ES in trials with appropriate or inappropriate random sequence generation (ES=0.02; 95% CI −0.12 to 0.15).ConclusionsOur results suggest that when evaluating risk of bias of primary RCTs in PT area, systematic reviewers and clinicians implementing research into practice should pay attention to these biases since they could exaggerate treatment effects. Systematic reviewers should perform sensitivity analysis including trials with low risk of bias in these domains as primary analysis and/or in combination with less restrictive analyses. Authors and editors should make sure that allocation concealment and random sequence generation are properly reported in trial reports.
Tumors and Mitochondrial Respiration: A Neglected Connection
Authors: Viale Andrea , Corti Denise , Draetta Giulio F. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
For decades, tumor cells have been considered defective in mitochondrial respiration due to their dominant glycolytic metabolism. However, a growing body of evidence is now challenging this assumption, and also implying that tumors are metabolically less homogeneous than previously supposed. A small subpopulation of slow-cycling cells endowed with tumorigenic potential and multidrug resistance has been isolated from different tumors. Deep metabolic characterization of these tumorigenic cells revealed their dependency on mitochondrial respiration versus glycolysis, suggesting the existence of a common metabolic program active in slow-cycling cells across different tumors. These findings change our understanding of tumor metabolism and also highlight new vulnerabilities that can be exploited to eradicate cancer cells responsible for tumor relapse. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3687–91. ©2015 AACR.
Mechanisms of Amplified Arteriogenesis in Collateral Artery Segments Exposed to Reversed Flow Direction
Authors: Heuslein Joshua L. , Meisner Joshua K. , Li Xuanyue , Song Ji , Vincentelli Helena , Leiphart Ryan J. , Ames Elizabeth G. , Blackman Brett R. , Price Richard J. 
Published: September 2015

Objective—
Collateral arteriogenesis, the growth of existing arterial vessels to a larger diameter, is a fundamental adaptive response that is often critical for the perfusion and survival of tissues downstream of chronic arterial occlusion(s). Shear stress regulates arteriogenesis; however, the arteriogenic significance of reversed flow direction, occurring in numerous collateral artery segments after femoral artery ligation, is unknown. Our objective was to determine if reversed flow direction in collateral artery segments differentially regulates endothelial cell signaling and arteriogenesis.

Approach and Results—

Collateral segments experiencing reversed flow direction after femoral artery ligation in C57BL/6 mice exhibit increased pericollateral macrophage recruitment, amplified arteriogenesis (30% diameter and 2.8-fold conductance increases), and remarkably permanent (12 weeks post femoral artery ligation) remodeling. Genome-wide transcriptional analyses on human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to reversed flow conditions mimicking those occurring in vivo yielded 10-fold more significantly regulated transcripts, as well as enhanced activation of upstream regulators (nuclear factor κB [NFκB], vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, and transforming growth factor-β) and arteriogenic canonical pathways (protein kinase A, phosphodiesterase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase). Augmented expression of key proarteriogenic molecules (Kruppel-like factor 2 [KLF2], intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) was also verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, leading us to test whether intercellular adhesion molecule 1 or endothelial nitric oxide synthase regulate amplified arteriogenesis in flow-reversed collateral segments in vivo. Interestingly, enhanced pericollateral macrophage recruitment and amplified arteriogenesis was attenuated in flow-reversed collateral segments after femoral artery ligation in intercellular adhesion molecule 1
−/−
mice; however, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
−/−
mice showed no such differences.

Conclusions—
Reversed flow leads to a broad amplification of proarteriogenic endothelial signaling and a sustained intercellular adhesion molecule 1–dependent augmentation of arteriogenesis. Further investigation of the endothelial mechanotransduction pathways activated by reversed flow may lead to more effective and durable therapeutic options for arterial occlusive diseases.
Clinical and Prognostic Impact of a New Left Ventricular Ejection Index in Primary Mitral Regurgitation Because of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Magne Julien , Szymanski Catherine , Fournier Alexandre , Malaquin Dorothée , Avierinos Jean François , Tribouilloy Christophe 
Published: September 2015

Background—
To prevent left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), surgery is recommended in patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation as soon as ejection fraction (EF) ≤60% or LV end-systolic diameter ≥40 mm. However, LVD may be concealed behind preoperative normal LVEF and LV end-systolic diameter. We sought to identify whether a new composite echocardiographic Doppler marker of the LV ejection according to the LV dilatation may predict postoperative LVD and outcome after mitral valve repair in patients with primary mitral regurgitation.

Methods and Results—

Between 1991 and 2010, patients who underwent mitral valve repair for primary mitral regurgitation were studied. From preoperative echocardiography, we calculated LV ejection index (LVEI) using following formula: LVEI=indexed LV end-systolic diameter/LV outflow tract time–velocity integral. In the 278 patients included, the best correlation with postoperative LVEF was found with LVEI (
r
=−0.40;
P
<0.0001), even in patients with preoperative LVEF≥60% (
r
=−0.46;
P
<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, LCEI>1.13 was an independent predictor of postoperative LVD (
P
<0.0001). During a mean follow-up of 10±4.6 years, 67 (29%) deaths occurred. When compared with patients with preserved LVEI, those with LVEI>1.13 had significantly lower both survival and cardiac death–free survival (
P
=0.017 and
P
=0.008, respectively). Similar results were found in patients with preoperative LVEF≥60% (
P
=0.049 and
P
=0.016, respectively). In Cox proportional hazard model, after meticulous adjustment for cofactors, LVEI>1.13 remains independently associated with death (hazard ratio, 1.64;
P
=0.039) and cardiac-related death (hazard ratio, 3.27;
P
=0.026).

Conclusions—
After mitral valve repair for primary mitral regurgitation, the preoperative LVEI is a new and simple composite parameter of both LV dilatation and LV forward flow able to accurately predict postoperative LVD and outcome.
Biological Effects of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance on Human Blood Cells
Authors: Lancellotti Patrizio , Nchimi Alain , Delierneux Céline , Hego Alexandre , Gosset Christian , Gothot André , Jean-Flory Tshibanda Luaba , Oury Cécile 
Published: September 2015

Background—
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly used for the diagnosis and management of cardiac diseases. Recent studies have reported immediate post-CMR DNA double-strand breaks in T lymphocytes. We sought to evaluate CMR-induced DNA damage in lymphocytes, alterations of blood cells, and their temporal persistence.

Methods and Results—
In 20 prospectively enrolled healthy men (31.4±7.9 years), blood was drawn before and after (1–2 hours, 2 days, 1 month, and 1 year) unenhanced 1.5T CMR. Blood cell counts, cell death, and activation status of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets were evaluated. The first 2-hour post-CMR were characterized by a small increase of lymphocyte B and neutrophil counts and a transient drop of total lymphocytes because of a decrease in natural killer cells. Among blood cells, only neutrophils and monocytes displayed slight and transient activation. DNA double-strand breaks in lymphocytes were quantified through flow cytometric analysis of H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX). γ-H2AX intensity in T lymphocytes did not change early after CMR but increased significantly at day 2 ≤1 month before returning to baseline levels of 1-year post-CMR.

Conclusions—
Unenhanced CMR is associated with minor but significant immediate blood cell alterations or activations figuring inflammatory response, as well as DNA damage in T lymphocytes observed from day 2 until the first month but disappearing at 1-year follow-up. Although further studies are required to definitely state whether CMR can be used safely, our findings already call for caution when it comes to repeat this examination within a month.
Direct Transfer From the Referring Hospitals to the Catheterization Laboratory to Minimize Reperfusion Delays for Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Anderson Lindsay L , French William J , Peng S. Andrew , Vora Amit N , Henry Timothy D , Roe Matthew T , Kontos Michael C , Granger Christopher B , Bates Eric R , Hellkamp Anne , Wang Tracy Y 
Published: September 2015

Background—
For patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) requiring interhospital transfer for primary percutaneous coronary intervention, direct transfer from the STEMI referral hospital to the catheterization laboratory (cath lab) at the STEMI receiving hospital may expedite reperfusion, but can be logistically challenging.

Methods and Results—

We studied 33 901 STEMI patients transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get With The Guidelines from July 2008 to December 2012. The majority of patients were transferred directly to the cath lab (26 510 [78.2%]), and 7391 patients (21.8%) were transferred first to the hospital emergency department/ward. We observed significant interhospital variation in transfer patterns; only 21% of STEMI receiving hospitals routinely transferred >90% of STEMI patients to the cath lab directly. Compared with patients transferred first to the emergency department/ward, STEMI patients transferred to the cath lab had significantly lower first door-to-balloon times (median 191 versus 116 minutes,
P
<0.0001). After multivariable logistic regression, patients transferred directly to the cath lab also had lower adjusted mortality risk (odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.51–0.66,
P
<0.0001). Cardiogenic shock, heart failure signs/symptoms, and nonsystem reasons for reperfusion delay were present in 11%, 15%, and 28% of patients transferred first to the emergency department/ward, respectively. The association of direct cath lab transfer with lower mortality persisted after excluding patients with these reasons for delay to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted odds ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.84,
P
=0.002).

Conclusions—
Direct transfer of STEMI patients to the cath lab for primary percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with significantly faster reperfusion and lower mortality risk compared with transfer first to the emergency department/ward.