bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Referral patterns to a mental health of intellectual disability team
Authors: Ajaz Ali , Eyeoyibo Mo 
Published: November 2014

PurposePeople with an intellectual disability are at an increased risk of developing a mental illness. An estimated 50 per cent develop a significant psychiatric problem at some point in their lives. Since the shifting trend to treat and manage individuals in the community setting, there are concerns over the lack of guidance of how intellectual disability mental health services in the community should be organised. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachDetails of all new referrals made to the mental health of intellectual disability team in Dartford, Kent over a 12‐month period were collated and a questionnaire was used to gather retrospective data of each referral pathway.FindingsThere were 50 patients referred in total, with the primary source being GPs (58 per cent). In total, 40 per cent of all referrals were considered to be inappropriate for the mental health of intellectual disability team and the majority of these originated from the adult mental health and child and adolescent mental health service teams.Originality/valueThese findings identify areas of focus for closer liaison with colleagues to improve the quality of referrals and to reduce the demands placed on our service.
Partial trisomy of the long arm of Chromosome 6 in a female with mild intellectual disability and mental health problems
Authors: Paschos Dimitrios , Omer Rather Mohammed , Walsh Sally , Flinter Frances 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to be the first known case report of a patient with mild intellectual disabilities who has a novel partial trisomy of the long arm of Chromosome 6 (6q25.3→q26).Design/methodology/approachThe patient's history and diagnosis are discussed.FindingsThis case highlights the importance of cytogenetic studies in the systematic evaluation of people with intellectual disabilities and co‐morbid psychiatric conditions.Originality/valuePerforming detailed chromosome analysis by array comparative hybridisation on patients with unexplained intellectual disabilities and mental health problems may enable an underlying diagnosis to be identified.
Recent advances in behavioural phenotypes as they affect adults
Authors: O'Brien Gregory , Bevan Ruth 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper seeks to discuss the complexity of the relationship between genotype and phenotype and highlight the importance of a greater understanding of behavioural phenotypes in genetic syndromes. The aim is to explore the developmental trajectory of the behavioural phenotypes as individuals emerge from childhood into adulthood and beyond.

Design/methodology/approach
– Information was gathered from a search of the relevant literature over the past 20 years using Medline and PsycINFO databases in May 2010 as well as information published in textbooks on this matter.

Findings
– The outcomes were considered under five areas of functioning: cognition, communication, behaviour, social functioning and propensity to psychiatric illnesses. The research thus far suggests that outcomes in behavioural phenotypes in adults are extremely variable. Individual predictions are difficult to make. However, some trends do emerge.

Originality/value
– Findings of particular interest are the rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum conditions and how these change over the developmental trajectory. The paper highlights the need for further research in this area and discusses the need to view behavioural phenotypes as a continuum across the lifespan.
Mineral potential mapping in Central Iran using fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method
Authors: Abedi Maysam , Norouzi Gholam‐Hossain , Fathianpour Nader 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work is to introduce the application of the fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method as a straightforward knowledge‐driven approach to explore porphyry copper deposits in an airborne prospect. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to airborne geophysical (potassium radiometry, magnetometry, and frequency‐domain electromagnetic) data, geological layers (fault and host rock zones), and various extracted alteration layers from remote sensing images. The central Iranian volcanic–sedimentary belt in Kerman province of Iran that is located within the Urumieh–Dokhtar (Sahand–Bazman) magmatic arc is chosen for this study. This region has high potential of mineral occurrences, especially porphyry copper, containing some active world‐class copper mines such as Sarcheshmeh. Two evidential layers, including the downward continued map and the analytic signal of such filtered magnetic data, are generated to be used as geophysical plausible traces of porphyry copper occurrences. The low values of the resistivity layer acquired from airborne frequency‐domain electromagnetic data are also used as an electrical criterion in this study. Four remote sensing evidential layers, including argillic, phyllic, propylitic, and hydroxyl alterations, are extracted from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer images in order to map the altered areas associated with porphyry copper deposits. The Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus images are used to map iron oxide layer. Since potassium alteration is the mainstay of copper alteration, the airborne potassium radiometry data are used. Here, the fuzzy ordered weighted averaging method uses a wide range of decision strategies in order to generate numerous mineral potential/prospectivity maps. The final mineral potential map based upon desired geo‐data set indicates adequately matching of high‐potential zones with previous working mines and copper deposits.
Bacterial community structure in Apis florea larvae analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Saraithong Prakaimuk , Li Yihong , Saenphet Kanokporn , Chen Zhou , Chantawannakul Panuwan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study characterizes the colonization and composition of bacterial flora in dwarf Asian honeybee (Apis florea) larvae and compares bacterial diversity and distribution among different sampling locations. A. florea larvae were collected from 3 locations in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Bacterial DNA was extracted from each larva using the phenol–chloroform method. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was performed, and the dominant bands were excised from the gels, cloned, and sequenced for bacterial species identification. The result revealed similarities of bacterial community profiles in each individual colony, but differences between colonies from the same and different locations. A. florea larvae harbor bacteria belonging to 2 phyla (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria), 5 classes (Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, and Clostridia), 6 genera (Clostridium, Gilliamella, Melissococcus, Lactobacillus, Saccharibacter, and Snodgrassella), and an unknown genus from uncultured bacterial species. The classes with the highest abundance of bacteria were Alphaproteobacteria (34%), Bacilli (25%), Betaproteobacteria (11%), Gammaproteobacteria (10%), and Clostridia (8%), respectively. Similarly, uncultured bacterial species were identified (12%). Environmental bacterial species, such as Saccharibacter floricola, were also found. This is the first study in which sequences closely related to Melissococcus plutonius, the causal pathogen responsible for European foulbrood, have been identified in Thai A. florea larvae.
Bacterial Community Dynamics of Salted and Fermented Shrimp based on Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Han Kook‐Il , Kim Yong Hyun , Hwang Seon Gu , Jung Eui‐Gil , Patnaik Bharat Bhusan , Han Yeon Soo , Nam Kung‐Woo , Kim Wan‐Jong , Han Man‐Deuk 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Korean traditional seafood jeotgal is consumed directly or as an additive in other foods to improve flavor or fermentation efficiency. Saeujot, made from salted and fermented tiny shrimp (SFS; Acetes japonicus), is the best‐selling jeotgal in Korea. In this study, we reveal the microbial diversity and dynamics in naturally fermented shrimp by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The population fingerprints of the predominant microbiota and its succession were generated by DGGE analysis of universal V3 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons. Overall, 17 strains were identified from sequencing of 30 DGGE bands. The DGGE profiles showed diverse bacterial populations in the sample, throughout the fermentation of SFS. Staphylococcus equorum, Halanaerobium saccharolyticum, Salimicrobium luteum, and Halomonas jeotgali were the dominant bacteria, and their levels steadily increased during the fermentation process. Certain other bacteria, such as Psychrobacter jeotgali and Halomonas alimentaria appeared during the early‐fermentation process, while Alkalibacterium putridalgicola, Tetragenococcus muriaticus, and Salinicoccus jeotgali appeared during the late‐fermentation process. The members of the order Bacillales were found to be predominant during the fermentation of SFS. Furthermore, S. equorum was identified as the dominant bacterial isolate by the traditional method of culturing under aerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions. We expect that this information will facilitate the design of autochthonous starter cultures for the production of SFS with desired characteristic sensory profiles and shorter ripening times.
Disease dynamics during wildlife translocations: disruptions to the host population and potential consequences for transmission in desert tortoise contact networks
Authors: Aiello C. M. , Nussear K. E. , Walde A. D. , Esque T. C. , Emblidge P. G. , Sah P. , Bansal S. , Hudson P. J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWildlife managers consider animal translocation a means of increasing the viability of a local population. However, augmentation may disrupt existing resident disease dynamics and initiate an outbreak that would effectively offset any advantages the translocation may have achieved. This paper examines fundamental concepts of disease ecology and identifies the conditions that will increase the likelihood of a disease outbreak following translocation. We highlight the importance of susceptibility to infection, population size and population connectivity – a characteristic likely affected by translocation but not often considered in risk assessments – in estimating outbreak risk due to translocation. We then explore these features in a species of conservation concern often translocated in the presence of infectious disease, the Mojave Desert tortoise, and use data from experimental tortoise translocations to detect changes in population connectivity that may influence pathogen transmission. Preliminary analyses comparing contact networks inferred from spatial data at control and translocation plots and infection simulation results through these networks suggest increased outbreak risk following translocation due to dispersal‐driven changes in contact frequency and network structure. We outline future research goals to test these concepts and aid managers in designing effective risk assessment and intervention strategies that will improve translocation success.
Heritability of racing performance in the Australian Thoroughbred racing population
Authors: Velie B. D. , Hamilton N. A. , Wade C. M. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryPerformance data for 164 046 Thoroughbreds entered in a race or official barrier trial in Australia were provided by Racing Information Services Australia. Analyses estimating the heritability for a range of racing performance traits using a single‐trait animal model were performed using asreml‐r. Log of cumulative earnings (LCE; 0.19 ± 0.01), log of earnings per race start (0.23 ± 0.02) and best race distance (0.61 ± 0.03) were all significantly heritable. Fixed effects for sex were significant (P < 0.001) for all performance traits aside from LCE (P = 0.382). With the exception of annual earnings, trainer was also significant for all performance traits. As the application of modern genetic selection methodologies continues to gain popularity in the racing industry, contemporary heritability estimates from the current population of Thoroughbreds will play a vital role in identifying which traits are better suited to selection and in the development of more accurate genomic evaluations for racing performance.
Accuracy of predicting genomic breeding values for carcass merit traits in Angus and Charolais beef cattle
Authors: Chen L. , Vinsky M. , Li C. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAccuracy of predicting genomic breeding values for carcass merit traits including hot carcass weight, longissimus muscle area (REA), carcass average backfat thickness (AFAT), lean meat yield (LMY) and carcass marbling score (CMAR) was evaluated based on 543 Angus and 400 Charolais steers genotyped on the Illumina BovineSNP50 Beadchip. For the genomic prediction within Angus, the average accuracy was 0.35 with a range from 0.32 (LMY) to 0.37 (CMAR) across different training/validation data‐splitting strategies and statistical methods. The within‐breed genomic prediction for Charolais yielded an average accuracy of 0.36 with a range from 0.24 (REA) to 0.46 (AFAT). The across‐breed prediction had the lowest accuracy, which was on average near zero. When the data from the two breeds were combined to predict the breeding values of either breed, the prediction accuracy averaged 0.35 for Angus with a range from 0.33 (REA) to 0.39 (CMAR) and averaged 0.33 for Charolais with a range from 0.18 (REA) to 0.46 (AFAT). The prediction accuracy was slightly higher on average when the data were split by animal's birth year than when the data were split by sire family. These results demonstrate that the genetic relationship or relatedness of selection candidates with the training population has a great impact on the accuracy of predicting genomic breeding values under the density of the marker panel used in this study.
Minimally invasive thyroid nodulectomy reduces post‐operative hypothyroidism when compared with thyroid lobectomy
Authors: Sarkis Leba M. , Norlen Olov , Sywak Mark , Delbridge Leigh 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt has been a long‐standing surgical tenet that the minimum surgical procedure for a single thyroid nodule is lobectomy. Such an approach, however, has been associated with a significant incidence of post‐operative hypothyroidism with patients becoming medication dependent for life. Thermal sealing devices have enabled local nodule excision to be undertaken safely with preservation of more residual thyroid mass. The aim of this study was to determine if this approach was associated with a reduction in post‐operative hypothyroidism.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study comprising 351 patients treated between January 2010 and December 2012. Patients were assessed at 6–8‐week review. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as a thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) >4.5 mIU/L, with clinical hypothyroidism defined as both an elevated TSH and presence of clinical symptoms requiring thyroxine replacement.ResultsOne hundred and ninety patients underwent open thyroid lobectomy, 86 a minimally invasive thyroid lobectomy and 75 a minimally invasive nodulectomy. There was no difference in post‐operative hypothyroidism after lobectomy whether by the open (22.1%) or minimally invasive (22.1%) technique. However, after minimally invasive nodulectomy, post‐operative hypothyroidism was less than one quarter (5.3%) of that following lobectomy overall (22.1%, P < 0.01). There were no differences in post‐operative complications between any of the groups.ConclusionMinimally invasive local nodule excision can be performed safely, with the potential for significantly reducing the rate of post‐operative hypothyroidism. As such, the procedure should be considered for appropriately selected patients.
Role of the MPTP in conditioning the heart – translatability and mechanism
Authors: Ong S‐B , Dongworth R K , Cabrera‐Fuentes H A , Hausenloy D J 
Published: November 2014

Mitochondria have long been known to be the gatekeepers of cell fate. This is particularly so in the response to acute ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). Following an acute episode of sustained myocardial ischaemia, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the first few minutes of reperfusion, mediates cell death. Preventing MPTP opening at the onset of reperfusion using either pharmacological inhibitors [such as cyclosporin A (CsA) ] or genetic ablation has been reported to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in animal models of acute IRI. Interestingly, the endogenous cardioprotective intervention of ischaemic conditioning, in which the heart is protected against MI by applying cycles of brief ischaemia and reperfusion to either the heart itself or a remote organ or tissue, appears to be mediated through the inhibition of MPTP opening at reperfusion. Small proof‐of‐concept clinical studies have demonstrated the translatability of this therapeutic approach to target MPTP opening using CsA in clinical settings of acute myocardial IRI. However, given that CsA is a not a specific MPTP inhibitor, more novel and specific inhibitors of the MPTP need to be discovered – the molecular identification of the MPTP should facilitate this. In this paper, we review the role of the MPTP as a target for cardioprotection, the potential mechanisms underlying MPTP inhibition in the setting of ischaemic conditioning, and the translatability of MPTP inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the clinical setting.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
An analysis of glucocorticoid receptor‐mediated gene expression in BEAS‐2B human airway epithelial cells identifies distinct, ligand‐directed, transcription profiles with implications for asthma therapeutics
Authors: Joshi T , Johnson M , Newton R , Giembycz M 
Published: November 2014

Background and PurposeInternational asthma guidelines recommend that inhaled glucocorticoids be used as a monotherapy in all patients with mild to moderate disease because of their ability to suppress airways inflammation. Current evidence suggests that the therapeutic benefit of glucocorticoids is due to the transactivation and transrepression of anti‐inflammatory and pro‐inflammatory genes respectively. However, the extent to which clinically relevant glucocorticoids are equivalent in their ability to modulate gene expression is unclear.Experimental ApproachA pharmacodynamics investigation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐mediated gene transactivation in BEAS‐2B human airway epithelial cells was performed using a glucocorticoid response element luciferase reporter coupled with an analysis of glucocorticoid‐inducible genes encoding proteins with anti‐inflammatory and adverse‐effect potential.Key ResultsUsing transactivation as a functionally relevant output, a given glucocorticoid displayed a unique, gene expression ‘fingerprint’ where intrinsic efficacy and GR density were essential determinants. We showed that depending on the gene selected for analysis, a given glucocorticoid can behave as an antagonist, partial agonist, full agonist or even ‘super agonist’. In the likely event that different, tissue‐dependent gene expression profiles are reproduced in vivo, then the anti‐inflammatory and adverse‐effect potential of many glucocorticoids currently available as asthma therapeutics may not be equivalent.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe generation of gene expression ‘fingerprints’ in target and off‐target human tissues could assist the rational design of GR agonists with improved therapeutic ratios. This approach could identify compounds that are useful in the management of severe asthma and other inflammatory disorders where systemic exposure is desirable.
Advances in exploring the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of cardiac diseases in China
Authors: Pan Z W , Lu Y J , Yang B F 
Published: November 2014

Cardiovascular disease has become the most serious health threat and represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in China, as in other industrialized nations. During the past few decades, China's economic boom has tremendously improved people's standard of living but has also changed their lifestyle, increasing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, the so‐called ‘disease of modern civilization’. This new trend has attracted a significant amount of research. Many of the studies conducted by Chinese investigators are orientated towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. At the molecular level, the long‐standing consensus is that cardiovascular disease is associated with a sequence mutation (genetic anomaly) and expression deregulation (epigenetic disorder) of protein‐coding genes. However, new research data have established the non‐protein‐coding genes microRNAs (miRNAs) as a central regulator of the pathogenesis of cardiac disease and a potential new therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. These small non‐coding RNAs have also been subjected to extensive, rigorous investigations by Chinese researchers. Over the years, a large body of studies on miRNAs in cardiovascular disease has been conducted by Chinese investigators, yielding fruitful research results and a better understanding of miRNAs as a new level of molecular mechanisms for the pathogenesis of cardiac disease. In this review, we briefly summarize the current status of research in the field of miRNAs and cardiovascular disease in China, highlighting the advances made in elucidating the role of miRNAs in various cardiac conditions, including cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischaemia, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We have also examined the potential of miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Chinese Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-23
Structure‐Based Design and Synthesis of a Small Molecule that Exhibits Anti‐inflammatory Activity by Inhibition of MyD88‐mediated Signaling to Bacterial Toxin Exposure
Authors: Alam Shahabuddin , Javor Sacha , Degardin Melissa , Ajami Dariush , Rebek Mitra , Kissner Teri L. , Waag David M. , Rebek Julius , Saikh Kamal U. 
Published: November 2014

Both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens or pathogen‐derived components, such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and endotoxin (LPS) exposure, activate MyD88‐mediated pro‐inflammatory cellular immunity for host defense. However, dysregulated MyD88‐mediated signaling triggers exaggerated immune response that often leads to toxic shock and death. Previously, we reported a small molecule compound 1 mimicking BB‐loop structure of MyD88 was capable of inhibiting pro‐inflammatory response to SEB exposure in mice. In this study, we designed a dimeric structure compound 4210 covalently linked with compound 1 by a non‐polar cyclohexane linker which strongly inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in human primary cells to SEB (IC50 1–50 μm) or LPS extracted from Francisella tularensis, Escherichia coli, or Burkholderia mallei (IC50 10–200 μm). Consistent with cytokine inhibition, in a ligand‐induced cell‐based reporter assay, compound 4210 inhibited Burkholderia mallei or LPS‐induced MyD88‐mediated NF‐kB‐dependent expression of reporter activity (IC50 10–30 μm). Furthermore, results from a newly expressed MyD88 revealed that 4210 inhibited MyD88 dimer formation which is critical for pro‐inflammatory signaling. Importantly, a single administration of compound 4210 in mice showed complete protection from lethal toxin challenge. Collectively, these results demonstrated that compound 4210 inhibits toxin‐induced inflated pro‐inflammatory immune signaling, thus displays a potential bacterial toxin therapeutic.