bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics associated with requested and required accelerometer wear in children
Authors: Wells Sian L , Kipping Ruth R , Jago Russell , Brown Judith , Hucker Daniel , Blackett Ali , Lawlor Debbie A 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate characteristics associated with wearing an accelerometer for the required and requested time among 8-year-old to 10-year-old children.DesignCross-sectional.Setting60 Bristol and North Somerset primary schools taking part in the ‘Active for Life Year 5’ randomised controlled trial (RCT) in 2011.Participants2048 children, aged 8–10 years, invited to wear an accelerometer for 5 days of recording.Primary outcome measureNumbers meeting required wear-time for inclusion in main RCT analysis (≥8 h/day ≥3 days) and numbers meeting requested wear-time (≥8 h/day for all 5 days).Results817 (40%) of the children wore the accelerometer for the requested time and 1629 (80%) for the required time. In adjusted multivariable analyses the odds of wearing the accelerometer for the required time were greater in females as compared with males (OR 1.76 (1.42–2.18)), those with higher scores for reporting their mother restricted time on sedentary behaviours (1.26 (1.04–1.52) per increase of 1 on a 1–4 scale) and in children from schools with larger year group sizes (1.01 (1.00–1.02) per additional child). Living in a neighbourhood with higher levels of deprivation (0.49 (0.33–0.72) comparing highest to lowest third of the deprivation score) or reporting higher levels of weekday outdoor play (0.97 (0.94, 1.00) per 30 min more) were associated with reduced odds of meeting required time. Results were essentially the same for requested wear-time. Other characteristics, including child body mass index, were not associated with required or requested wear-time.ConclusionsOnly 40% of children wore the accelerometer for the requested time but 80% fulfilled the required criteria to be included in the main study analyses. Knowing which characteristics are associated with accelerometer wear could help target interventions to increase wear-time.
Impact of supplemental immunisation activity (SIA) campaigns on health systems: findings from South Africa
Authors: Verguet Stéphane , Jassat Waasila , Bertram Melanie Y , Tollman Stephen M , Murray Christopher J L , Jamison Dean T , Hofman Karen J 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundSupplemental immunisation activity (SIA) campaigns provide children with an additional dose of measles vaccine and deliver other child health interventions including vitamin A supplements, deworming medications and oral polio vaccines. They also require the mobilisation of a large health workforce. We assess the impact of the implementation of SIA campaigns on selected routine child and maternal health services in South Africa (SA).MethodsWe use district-level monthly headcount data for 52 South African districts for the period 2001–2010, sourced from the District Health Information System, SA. The data include 12 child and maternal health headcount indicators including routine immunisation, and maternal and reproductive health indicators. We analyse the association between the implementation of the 2010 SIA campaign and the change (decrease/increase) in headcounts, using a linear regression model.ResultsWe find a significant decrease for eight indicators. The total number of fully immunised children before age 1 decreased by 29% (95% CI 23% to 35%, p<0.001) during the month of SIA implementation; contraceptive use and antenatal visits decreased by 7–17% (p ≤ 0.02) and about 10% (p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsSIA campaigns may negatively impact health systems during the period of implementation by disrupting regular functioning and diverting resources from other activities, including routine child and maternal health services. SIA campaigns present multidimensional costs that need to be explicitly considered in benefit–cost assessments.
Religiosity and magic in some lithoiatric practices of European folk medicine
Authors: Aliverti Massimo 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The use of rocks and stones for the treatment of ill people is present in the folk medicine of many European regions. Lithoiatric practices have a long history which started with the peoples living in prehistoric times and continued in the various civilizations that followed one another over the centuries in Europe right up to the present era. Rocks and stones (pertaining to mountains or hills, caverns or canals, streams or other damp places) have been variously used by mankind in therapeutic procedures in magic or religious settings, giving considerable prestige to some places where such practices were exercised. The present work deals with the symbolism of rocks in human cultures, also with reference to mythology. This essay takes into account many places of worship and the popular traditions connected to them, giving special attention to those that are in Italy.
Prospective Analysis of Association between Statin Use and Breast Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Desai Pinkal , Chlebowski Rowan , Cauley Jane A. , Manson JoAnn E. , Wu Chunyuan , Martin Lisa W. , Jay Allison , Bock Cathryn , Cote Michele , Petrucelli Nancie , Rosenberg Carol A. , Peters Ulrike , Agalliu Ilir , Budrys Nicole , Abdul-Hussein Mustafa , Lane Dorothy , Luo Juhua , Park Hannah Lui , Thomas Fridtjof , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Simon Michael S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background: Statins are a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs that affect many intracellular pathways that may have implications for chemoprevention against cancer. Epidemiologic data on statins and breast cancer are conflicting. We analyzed updated data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to assess the relationship between statins and breast cancer risk.
Methods: The population included 154,587 postmenopausal women ages 50 to 79 years, with 7,430 pathologically confirmed cases of breast cancer identified over an average of 10.8 (SD, 3.3) years. Information on statins was collected at baseline and years one, three, six, and nine. Self- and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on risk factors. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate HRs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the relationship between statin use and cancer risk. Statistical tests were two-sided.
Results: Statins were used by 11,584 (7.5%) women at baseline. The annualized rate of breast cancer was 0.42% among statin users and 0.42% among nonusers. The multivariable adjusted HR of breast cancer for users versus nonusers was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.83–1.06). In the multivariable-adjusted, time-dependent model, the HR for simvastatin was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.71–1.07). There was no significant trend by overall duration of use (P value for trend 0.68). There was no effect of tumor stage, grade, or hormone receptor status.
Conclusion: Overall, statins were not associated with breast cancer risk.
Impact: Our study is one of the largest prospective observational studies on this topic, and substantially adds to the literature suggesting no relationship between statins and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(10); 1868–76. ©2013 AACR.
RG7212 Anti-TWEAK mAb Inhibits Tumor Growth through Inhibition of Tumor Cell Proliferation and Survival Signaling and by Enhancing the Host Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Yin Xuefeng , Luistro Leopoldo , Zhong Hua , Smith Melissa , Nevins Tom , Schostack Kathleen , Hilton Holly , Lin Tai-An , Truitt Theresa , Biondi Denise , Wang Xiaoqian , Packman Kathryn , Rosinski Jim , Berkofsky-Fessler Windy , Tang Jian-Ping , Pant Saumya , Geho David , Vega-Harring Suzana , DeMario Mark , Levitsky Hy , Simcox Mary 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the role of TWEAK in tumor growth and antitumor immune response and the activity and mechanism of RG7212, an antagonistic anti-TWEAK antibody, in tumor models.
Experimental Design: TWEAK-induced signaling and gene expression were explored in tumor cell lines and inhibition of these effects and antitumor efficacy with RG7212 treatment was assessed in human tumor xenograft-, patient-derived xenograft, and syngeneic tumor models and phase I patients. Genetic features correlated with antitumor activity were characterized.
Results: In tumor cell lines, TWEAK induces proliferation, survival, and NF-κB signaling and gene expression that promote tumor growth and suppress antitumor immune responses. TWEAK-inducible CD274, CCL2, CXCL-10 and -11 modulate T-cell and monocyte recruitment, T-cell activation, and macrophage differentiation. These factors and TWEAK-induced signaling were decreased, and tumor, blood, and spleen immune cell composition was altered with RG7212 treatment in mice. RG7212 inhibits tumor growth in vivo in models with TWEAK receptor, Fn14, expression, and markers of pathway activation. In phase I testing, signs of tumor shrinkage and stable disease were observed without dose-limiting toxicity. In a patient with advanced, Fn14-positive, malignant melanoma with evidence of tumor regression, proliferation markers were dramatically reduced, tumor T-cell infiltration increased, and tumor macrophage content decreased. Antitumor activity, a lack of toxicity in humans and animals and no evidence of antagonism with standard of care or targeted agents in mice, suggests that RG7212 is a promising agent for use in combination therapies in patients with Fn14-positive tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 19(20); 5686–98. ©2013 AACR.
BH3 Mimetics: Status of the Field and New Developments
Authors: Billard Christian 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Targeting apoptosis is an attractive approach in cancer therapy. The BH3-only proteins of the BCL-2 family (having only the BCL-2 homology domain BH3) can trigger apoptosis by binding to the prosurvival members of this family and neutralizing their functional activity (sequestration of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members). The “BH3 mimetic” concept has prompted the development of small molecules capable of mimicking BH3-only proteins and thus inducing apoptosis. The prototype BH3 mimetic ABT-737 selectively targets the three prosurvival proteins BCL-XL, BCL-2, and BCL-W (but not MCL-1 or A1) and its oral derivative ABT-263 has proved promising in clinical trials. Some putative BH3 mimetics are also tested clinically while others are still being characterized. This article recapitulates the various known BH3 mimetics and presents the recent developments in the field. The latter include (i) the identification of molecular determinants responsible for the specific interactions between BH3 motifs and the binding grooves of prosurvival proteins and (ii) the characterization of new compounds and particularly BH3 mimetics that antagonize either selectively MCL-1 or BCL-2 or a broad range of prosurvival proteins. These data are critical advances toward the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1691–700. ©2013 AACR.
Targeting Aberrant Sialylation in Cancer Cells Using a Fluorinated Sialic Acid Analog Impairs Adhesion, Migration, and In Vivo Tumor Growth
Authors: Büll Christian , Boltje Thomas J. , Wassink Melissa , de Graaf Annemarie M.A. , van Delft Floris L. , den Brok Martijn H. , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Cancer cells decorate their surface with a dense layer of sialylated glycans by upregulating the expression of sialyltransferases and other glycogenes. Although sialic acids play a vital role in many biologic processes, hypersialylation in particular has been shown to contribute to cancer cell progression and metastasis. Accordingly, selective strategies to interfere with sialic acid synthesis might offer a powerful approach in cancer therapy. In the present study, we assessed the potential of a recently developed fluorinated sialic acid analogue (P-3Fax-Neu5Ac) to block the synthesis of sialoglycans in murine melanoma cells and the consequences on cell adhesion, migration, and in vivo growth. The results showed that P-3Fax-Neu5Ac readily caused depletion of α2,3-/α2,6-linked sialic acids in B16F10 cells for several days. Long-term inhibition of sialylation for 28 days was feasible without affecting cell viability or proliferation. Moreover, P-3Fax-Neu5Ac proved to be a highly potent inhibitor of sialylation even at high concentrations of competing sialyltransferase substrates. P-3Fax-Neu5Ac–treated cancer cells exhibited impaired binding to poly-l-lysine, type I collagen, and fibronectin and diminished migratory capacity. Finally, blocking sialylation of B16F10 tumor cells with this novel sialic acid analogue reduced their growth in vivo. These results indicate that P-3Fax-Neu5Ac is a powerful glycomimetic capable of inhibiting aberrant sialylation that can potentially be used for anticancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 1935–46. ©2013 AACR.
Prognostic Relevance of Papillary Muscle Infarction in Reperfused Infarction as Visualized by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Eitel Ingo , Gehmlich Dörthe , Amer Omran , Wöhrle Jochen , Kerber Sebastian , Lauer Bernward , Pauschinger Matthias , Schwab Johannes , Birkemeyer Ralf , Zimmermann Rainer , Mende Meinhard , de Waha Suzanne , Desch Steffen , Gutberlet Matthias , Schuler Gerhard , Thiele Holger 
Published: August 2013

Background—
The prognostic significance of papillary muscle infarction (PapMI) on hard clinical outcomes has not been investigated in patients with reperfused ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Noninvasive investigation by gadolinium-enhanced cardiac MRI enables the detection of PapMI with high spatial resolution. The aim of our study was (1) to assess the incidence, determinants, and clinical characteristics of PapMI in a large multicenter cohort of patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and (2) to assess the prognostic significance of PapMI at 1-year follow-up.

Methods and Results—

We enrolled 738 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction reperfused by primary angioplasty (<12 hours after symptom onset) in this cardiac MRI study at 8 centers. Cardiac MRI was completed within 1 week after infarction using a standardized protocol. Central core laboratory–masked analyses for the presence of PapMI were performed. The primary clinical end point of the study was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. PapMIs were detected in 104 patients (14%). The presence of PapMI was associated with larger infarcts (
P
<0.001), less myocardial salvage (
P
<0.001), impaired left ventricular function (
P
<0.001), and more pronounced reperfusion injury (
P
=0.02). Patients with PapMI had a significantly higher mortality (8 [7.7%] versus 12 [1.9%]) and major adverse cardiac events (21 [20.2%] versus 31 [4.9%]) rate at 12-month follow-up (
P
<0.001, respectively). PapMI was identified as a significant independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio, 4.41 [confidence interval, 2.54–7.68];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
The presence of PapMI is associated with decreased myocardial salvage, larger infarcts, and more pronounced reperfusion injury with subsequent significantly increased major adverse cardiac event rates. Consequently, our data underscore the importance of PapMI as a marker of poor outcome in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00712101.
Correlates of persisting posttraumatic symptoms in children and adolescents 18 months after a cyclone disaster
Authors: McDermott Brett , Cobham Vanessa , Berry Helen , Kim Bungnyun 
Published: August 2013

Objective: To describe PTSD symptom persistence and resolution, including the potential phenomenon of late-onset PTSD, in children and adolescents 18 months after a cyclone disaster; and to investigate factors that predict longer-term symptom outcome. Method: 71 children and 191 adolescents who were screened three months after a Category 5 Cyclone were re-screened 18 months post-disaster. Child-report measures included the PTSD Reaction Index, measures of event exposure and social connectedness. Results: Approximately 1-in-5 children and 1-in-12 adolescents endorsed cyclone-related PTSD symptoms at the moderate to severe level 18 months post-disaster. Of these approximately one-half (44.8%) of children were in the ‘high-persister’ group at 18-month follow-up. Persistence of low symptoms was very common (97.6%) and late-onset PTSD was a rare phenomenon. This pattern was similar in adolescents: 25.0% were in the ‘high-persister’ group and few students experienced late-onset PTSD. In multivariate analysis, only initial severe to very severe PTSD category made a significant independent contribution to explaining persisting moderate to severe PTSD symptoms in primary school students (ORadj=8.33, 95% CI=1.45-47.84). There was a trend for a similar result in secondary students. Conclusion: A child or adolescent with few PTSD symptoms three months post-disaster is likely to remain so unless a further traumatic event occurs. However, if symptomatic at three months, there is approximately a 30-45% chance that the child or adolescent will still be symptomatic 18 months after the disaster. Given the high rate of students in the ‘resolver’ group, initial posttraumatic symptoms are a necessary but not sufficient condition for predicting chronic symptomatology. Other targets for predictive modelling include initial threat perception and high and low social connectedness.
Single-center experience in the endovascular management of isolated iliac artery aneurysm
Authors: Kim Man Deuk , Lee Do Yun , Lee Myungsu , Won Jong Yun , Lee Shin Jae , Kim Il Jung , Park Sung Il , Choi Donghoon , Ko Young-Guk 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundIsolated iliac artery aneurysms (IAA) are relatively uncommon and represent 2–7% of all intra-abdominal aneurysms. Surgery is the gold standard treatment for IAA. However, endovascular stent-graft placement is gaining acceptance as an alternative to surgery especially in patients with high surgical risk.PurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endovascular management of isolated IAA having various anatomic and pathologic bases.Material and MethodsBetween 2008 and 2011, 31 patients who underwent endovascular treatment for isolated IAA were retrospectively analyzed. The mean aneurysm size was 43 mm (range, 30–71 mm). The age ranged from 37 to 87 years (mean, 70.0 years). Isolated IAAs were treated in one of three different ways: (i) infrarenal aortic stent-graft placement with limb extension; (ii) stent-graft placement for isolated iliac artery coverage; and (iii) embolization with a coil and a vascular plug combined with femoral-femoral bypass grafting. All patients were assessed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The mean follow-up period was 25.1 months (range, 1–60 months).ResultsCommon iliac artery involvement was seen in 28 patients. Ten (35.7%) of those patients also had an internal IAA. Three patients had an isolated internal IAA. Infrarenal stent-graft placement was performed in 25 patients. Stent-graft placement for coverage of the only iliac artery was performed in five patients. One patient, who had a mycotic aneurysm of the right common iliac artery underwent coil embolization of the ipsilateral common iliac artery with concurrent femoral-femoral bypass graft. Five of the 31 patients (16.1%) with stent grafts had type II endoleaks at the time of the last imaging study, one of those patients underwent percutaneous embolization with glue. None of the patients showed major procedure-related complications.ConclusionPercutaneous management of IAA is effective and safe with various techniques depending on the anatomical and pathologic features of the isolated IAA.
Short-term effects of radiofrequency shrinkage treatment for anterior cruciate ligament relaxation on proprioception
Authors: Wei Min , Liu Yujie , Li Zhongli , Wang Zhigang 
Published: August 2013

Objective Radiofrequency (RF) shrinkage is used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The present study investigated the therapeutic effects of RF on ACL relaxation and the probable influencing factors. Methods Patients with ACL relaxation were included. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group, in which patients were treated with RF shrinkage (RF group); a control group, in which patients received conventional surgical treatment. Thermal shrinkage was performed on ACL using an ArthroCare® CAPSure® wand. Lysholm scores, proprioceptive testing and Tegner activity scores were evaluated before and after treatment (at 6 and 12 months). Results A total of 38 patients were included. The mean ± SD Lysholm score of those in the RF group at 12 months’ post-treatment was significantly higher than in controls. The angle of deviation of the knee joint in RF group was significantly larger than in the control group at 6 months’ post-treatment. Conclusions RF shrinkage treatment for ACL laxity could improve knee scores, and may affect proprioception and recovery of activity after surgery.
The relationship between KRAS gene mutations and HLA class I antigen downregulation in the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: He Xiao-Peng , Song Fu-Jie , Liu Xiang-Yan , Wang Zhou , Li Xiang-Xin , Liu Fan-Ying , Chen Gang , Jiang Wen-Peng 
Published: August 2013

Objective To investigate the association between v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue ( KRAS) gene mutations and levels of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigen in primary lung tumours and metastatic lymph nodes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Patients with NSCLC undergoing tumour resection were enrolled. KRAS codon 12 mutations were analysed in normal lung and lymph node tissue, primary lung tumours and metastatic lymph nodes using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. HLA class I antigen immunostaining was examined using flow cytometry. Results A total of 65 patients participated in the study. All normal lung tissues had positive HLA class I antigen immunostaining. The majority of primary lung tumours (56/65) and all of the metastatic lymph nodes (31/31) had downregulated HLA class I antigen immunostaining. There was a positive correlation between downregulated HLA class I antigen in primary tumours and metastatic lymph nodes. There was a negative correlation between KRAS codon 12 mutations and the level of HLA class I antigen in primary and metastatic tumours. Conclusions KRAS codon 12 mutations appear to be important in the downregulation of HLA class I antigen in NSCLC. Abnormal activation of the oncogenic KRAS pathway might provide a new treatment target for NSCLC.
Disease-modifying effect of etanercept versus sulphasalazine on spinal mobility in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Hendrix Suzanne , Koenig Andrew , Li Wenzhi , Singh Amitabh 
Published: August 2013

Objective: To model the estimated disease-modifying effect of etanercept over sulphasalazine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Methods: A post hoc analysis of data from the Ankylosing Spondylitis Study Comparing ENbrel and Sulfasalazine Dosed Weekly (ASCEND) study was performed using the Natural History Staggered Start (NHSS) method. A mixed model with a linear effect over time was fitted to the ASCEND data and resampling was performed to generate confidence intervals. Results: At week 16, the total additional improvement in Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index of the etanercept arm over the sulphasalazine arm was 0.62 points, of which 31% (0.19 points) was estimated to be due to disease-modifying effect. Conclusions: The analysis of ASCEND data suggests that etanercept may have a larger disease-modifying effect than sulphasalazine. Further research is needed with more objective measures such as magnetic resonance imaging or X-radiography to confirm these results.