bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Membrane progesterone receptors in human regulatory T cells: a reality in pregnancy
Authors: Areia A , Vale‐Pereira S , Alves V , Rodrigues‐Santos P , Moura P , Mota‐Pinto A 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo provide evidence of the existence of membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRα) on regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood during pregnancy, postulating a possible explanation for the effect of progesterone on preterm birth.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary Obstetric Department in a University Hospital.PopulationHealthy pregnant women.MethodsTreg cells from peripheral blood samples were studied by flow cytometry using multiple monoclonal antibody expression.Main outcome measuresEvaluate the number and percentage of CD4+CD25highCD127low, the number and percentage of Treg cells among the total CD4+ T cells, and the percentage and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of mPRα in that population, using several gating strategies.Results43 peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy women during pregnancy, whose median gestational age was 28.7 ± 7.1 (16–40) weeks. The percentage of CD4+ in the total lymphocytes was 43% (32–51) and the percentage of CD4+CD25highCD127low was 4.8% (1.6–5.9), with only 45% (16–72) of those cells expressing the intracellular marker FoxP3 (Treg cell pool). We confirmed the existence of mPRα in that specific population because 8.0% (2.02–33) of the Treg cells were marked with the specific monoclonal antibody, with an mPRα+ MFI of 719 (590–1471).ConclusionsThis research shows that Treg cells express mPRα during pregnancy, which might play an important role in immune modulation by progesterone.
Risk Tells Us Who, But Not What or How
Authors: Taxman Faye S. , Caudy Michael S. 
Published: February 2015

Research SummaryThe current study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify profiles of criminogenic needs in a sample of 17,252 community‐supervised individuals from one state's probation system. The purpose of this research was to illustrate the complexity of offender need profiles to inform the development and implementation of correctional interventions. The LCA analyses revealed four classes of dynamic needs. Conditional item probabilities were examined to label the four classes based on their likelihood of presenting with static risk, criminogenic needs, and destabilizing factors (i.e., factors that indirectly relate to recidivism). The four classes were characterized by the following: a low probability of both risks and destabilizers (LN‐LD), a moderate probability of risk and criminogenic needs with a high probability of multiple destabilizers (MN‐HD), a high probability of risk and needs with moderate probabilities of destabilizers (HN‐MD), and a high probability of static and criminogenic needs and destabilizers (HN‐HD). Finally, the relationship between latent class membership and three separate recidivism outcomes was assessed. Consistent with study hypotheses, individuals in latent classes characterized by a greater probability of criminogenic needs and lifestyle destabilizers were more likely to experience subsequent criminal justice involvement, regardless of risk level.Policy ImplicationsSimplifying the complexity of offender risk and need profiles through empirical classification has direct implications for policy and practice. First, it clarifies whether dynamic needs and/or risk should drive decision making. Second, the integration of dynamic risk factors into the case management process can inform strategies to mitigate static risk and inform the development of new and improved interventions. The current study findings provide insight into the clustering of dynamic risk factors within individuals. This classification structure has the potential to increase the precision of case management decisions by identifying targets for programming that are likely to co‐occur for many offenders. Specifically, programs can be developed to tailor components to specific static risk and need profiles.
Mortality among individuals accessing pharmacological treatment for opioid dependence in California, 2006–10
Authors: Evans Elizabeth , Li Libo , Min Jeong , Huang David , Urada Darren , Liu Lei , Hser Yih‐Ing , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsTo estimate mortality rates among treated opioid‐dependent individuals by cause and in relation to the general population, and to estimate the instantaneous effects of opioid detoxification and maintenance treatment (MMT) on the hazard of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.DesignPopulation‐based treatment cohort study.SettingLinked mortality data on all individuals first enrolled in publicly funded pharmacological treatment for opioid dependence in California, USA from 2006 to 2010.ParticipantsA total of 32 322 individuals, among whom there were 1031 deaths (3.2%) over a median follow‐up of 2.6 years (interquartile range = 1.4–3.7).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was mortality, indicated by time to death, crude mortality rates (CMR) and standardized mortality ratios (SMR).FindingsIndividuals being treated for opioid dependence had a more than fourfold increase of mortality risk compared with the general population [SMR = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.2, 4.8]. Mortality risk was higher (1) when individuals were out‐of‐treatment (SMR = 6.1, 95% CI = 5.7, 6.5) than in‐treatment (SMR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.6, 2.1) and (2) during detoxification (SMR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.5, 3.8) than during MMT (SMR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5, 2.1), especially in the 2 weeks post‐treatment entry (SMR = 5.5, 95% CI = 2.7, 9.8 versus SMR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.7, 4.9). Detoxification and MMT both independently reduced the instantaneous hazard of all‐cause and drug‐related mortality. MMT preceded by detoxification was associated with lower all‐cause and other cause‐specific mortality than MMT alone.ConclusionsIn people with opiate dependence, detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment both independently reduce the instantaneous hazard of all‐cause and drug‐related mortality.
Effects of experimental negative affect manipulations on ad libitum smoking: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Heckman Bryan W. , Carpenter Matthew J. , Correa John B. , Wray Jennifer M. , Saladin Michael E. , Froeliger Brett , Drobes David J. , Brandon Thomas H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsTo quantify the effect of negative affect (NA), when manipulated experimentally, upon smoking as measured within laboratory paradigms. Quantitative meta‐analyses tested the effects of NA versus neutral conditions on (1) latency to smoke and (2) number of puffs taken.MethodsTwelve experimental studies tested the influence of NA induction, relative to a neutral control condition (n = 1190; range = 24–235). Those providing relevant data contributed to separate random‐effects meta‐analyses to examine the effects of NA on two primary smoking measures: (1) latency to smoke (nine studies) and (2) number of puffs taken during ad libitum smoking (11 studies). Hedge's g was calculated for all studies through the use of post‐NA cue responses relative to post‐neutral cue responses. This effect size estimate is similar to Cohen's d, but corrects for small sample size bias.ResultsNA reliably decreased latency to smoke (g = –0.14; CI = –0.23 to –0.04; P = 0.007) and increased number of puffs taken (g = 0.14; CI = 0.02 to 0.25; P = 0.02). There was considerable variability across studies for both outcomes (I2 = 51 and 65% for latency and consumption, respectively). Potential publication bias was indicated for both outcomes, and adjusted effect sizes were smaller and no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsIn experimental laboratory studies of smokers, negative affect appears to reduce latency to smoking and increase number of puffs taken, but this could be due to publication bias.
Multidisciplinary residential treatment can improve perceptual‐motor function in obese children
Authors: Gentier Ilse , D'Hondt Eva , Augustijn Mireille , Tanghe Ann , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Deforche Benedicte , Lenoir Matthieu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the effects of a 10‐month multidisciplinary residential treatment programme on the perceptual‐motor function of obese children and compared them to children with a healthy weight.MethodsWe studied 26 obese Belgian children (10 girls and 16 boys) with a mean age of 10.1 years (±1.4 years), who followed a residential treatment programme consisting of moderate dietary restriction, psychological support and physical activity. The results were compared with 26 healthy weight children matched for age and gender. The anthropometrics and performance of both groups were assessed on two occasions, 10 months apart, based on simple and choice reaction time tasks and a tracking task using a stylus and tablet. Time by body mass index group interactions were investigated using repeated measure ANCOVAs, with age included as a covariate.ResultsNo significant interaction effect occurred in either task. In contrast, the obese participants showed a significant improvement in tracking performance over time during the stylus and tablet tests, demonstrating mean deviation from the ideal curve. No difference in performance between baseline and follow‐up was observed in the healthy weight controls.ConclusionTaking part in a multidisciplinary residential treatment programme improved the perceptual‐motor function of obese children.
Children in family foster care have greater health risks and less involvement in Child Health Services
Authors: Köhler M , Emmelin M , Hjern A , Rosvall M 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThis study investigated the impact of being in family foster care on selected health determinants and participation in Child Health Services (CHS).MethodsTwo groups of 100 children, born between 1992 and 2008, were studied using data from Swedish Child Health Services for the preschool period up to the age of six. The first group had been in family foster care, and the controls, matched for age, sex and geographic location, had not. Descriptive statistics were used to describe differences in health determinants and participation in Child Health Services between the two groups.ResultsThe foster care group had higher health risks, with lower rates of breastfeeding and higher levels of parental smoking. They were less likely to have received immunisations and attended key nurse or physician visits and speech and vision screening. Missing data for the phenylketonuria test were more common in children in family foster care.ConclusionChildren in family foster care were exposed to more health risks than the control children and had lower participation in the universal child health programme during the preschool period. These results call for secure access to high‐quality preventive health care for this particularly vulnerable group of children.
Safe patient monitoring is challenging but still feasible in a neonatal intensive care unit with single family rooms
Authors: van Pul C. , v.d. Mortel H.P.M.E. , v.d. Bogaart J.J.L. , Mohns T. , Andriessen P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimPatient monitoring generates a large number of alarms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate, type and management of alarms and to determine the risks of a distributed alarm system in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with single family rooms.MethodsA risk analysis was performed before implementation. Alarms from patient monitors recorded for a year were identified, classified and counted. The first alarms, which went to the nurse responsible for the patient, were distinguished from the repeat alarms that were generated if the nurse failed to respond within 45 sec.ResultsThe alarm handling protocol was changed as staff felt they needed a greater overview of the NICU alarms to avoid risks. In 1 year, 222 751 critical alarms including 12 309 repeat alarms were generated by patient monitors, equivalent to two alarms per patient per hour. Most of the alarms were oxygen desaturation alarms, followed by bradycardia alarms. About 3% of the desaturation alarms and 0.2% of the bradycardia alarms were repeated.ConclusionSafe patient monitoring was challenging in a NICU with single family rooms, but possible by employing a distributed alarm system. The low number of repeat alarms indicated quick response times.
Moderate and extended neonatal resuscitations occur in one in 10 births and require specialist cover 24 hours a day
Authors: Try Alyssa , Karam Oliver , Delcò Cristina , Kraemer Karin , Boulvain Michel , Pfister Riccardo E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimNeonatal resuscitation requires minimal equipment, but the immediate availability of expert staff accounts for the largest proportion of the costs. Despite this, staff requirements and timetables are currently planned without comprehensive epidemiologic data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the staffing required for neonatal resuscitations in the delivery room.MethodsWe measured attendance for each specific role in a tertiary university‐affiliated hospital and for four possible intervention levels: preparation time, basic paediatric care, moderate resuscitation and extended resuscitation.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2012, resuscitation staff attended 11 561 of the 32 799 births: 27.2% for preparation time, 17.7% for basic paediatric care, 6.4% for moderate resuscitation and 3.5% for extended resuscitation. Moderate and extended resuscitations occurred in roughly 10% of births and evenly during 24‐h periods. Basic paediatric care levels were higher during weekday mornings, and extended resuscitations were uniformly distributed. However, there was a drop in all types of interventions around 7 a.m. to 8 a.m., when staff were changing shifts.ConclusionModerate and extended resuscitations occurred evenly over 24 h in roughly 10% of births, stressing the importance of having a highly competent neonatal team constantly available. All activities associated with resuscitation were lower during morning shift changes.
Prematurity reduces the severity and need for treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome
Authors: Ruwanpathirana Radhika , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E. , Burns Lucy , Chen Julia , Craig Fiona , Lui Kei , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThis study determined the influence of prematurity on the manifestation and treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).MethodsThis was a medical record review of Australian infants exposed to opiates in 2004 and 2007. Finnegan scores were obtained for 215 of 361 (59%) preterm infants under 37‐week gestation and 694 of 1178 (59%) term infants.ResultsThe mean and standard deviation (SD) gestational ages were 34 (3) and 38 (3) weeks for preterm and term infants, respectively. Maternal daily methadone doses were similar for the preterm and term infants with a mean (SD) of 79 mg (39) versus 72 mg (38) (p = 0.06). Maximum Finnegan scores were significantly lower in preterm infants (10 versus 11, p = 0.01), scores were positively correlated with gestation and fewer preterm infants were medicated for NAS (40% versus 48% p = 0.05). Maximum median daily and interquartile range morphine doses were lower for preterm than term infants (0.5 mg/kg/day (0.3–0.6) versus 0.5 mg/kg/day (0.4–0.7), p = 0.02).ConclusionPreterm infants were just as likely to be monitored for withdrawal as term infants, but their Finnegan scores were lower and fewer preterm infants were treated for NAS. Whether this indicates decreased NAS severity or physiological immaturity is uncertain. Other means of evaluating NAS in preterm infants are warranted, especially long‐term outcomes.
Extremely preterm birth affects boys more and socio‐economic and neonatal variables pose sex‐specific risks
Authors: Månsson Johanna , Fellman Vineta , Stjernqvist Karin ,   the EXPRESS Study Group (authors)
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe early identification of at‐risk extremely preterm (EPT) children could improve long‐term outcomes. This study sought to investigate sex differences in developmental outcomes and to identify sex‐specific predictors at two and a half years of age.MethodsWe assessed 217 boys and 181 girls born before 27‐week gestation using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley‐III), as a part of the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study. Sex‐specific differences were calculated. Socio‐economic, birth and neonatal factors were calculated separately for boys and girls using regression models.ResultsGirls scored significantly higher than boys on all Bayley‐III indices. In both sexes, brain injury, long‐term ventilator treatment and foreign‐born mothers predicted lower scores. Receiving breast milk by hospital discharge predicted higher scores. Severe retinopathy of prematurity was the strongest predictor of cognitive and language deficits in boys. High parental education predicted higher cognitive and language scores in girls, whereas severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia was the strongest predictor of motor deficits.ConclusionExtreme prematurity seems to affect boys more than girls. Socio‐economic and neonatal factors confer similar risks or protections on both sexes, but some variables pose sex‐specific risks. An awareness of risk factors may provide the basis for treatment and follow‐up guidelines.
Unraveling the Peruvian Phase of the Central Andes: stratigraphy, sedimentology and geochronology of the Salar de Atacama Basin (22°30–23°S), northern Chile
Authors: Bascuñán Sebastián , Arriagada César , Le Roux Jacobus , Deckart Katja 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Salar de Atacama Basin holds important information regarding the tectonic activity, sedimentary environments and their variations in northern Chile during Cretaceous times. About 4000 m of high‐resolution stratigraphic columns of the Tonel, Purilactis and Barros Arana Formations reveal braided fluvial and alluvial facies, typical of arid to semi‐arid environments, interrupted by scarce intervals with evaporitic, aeolian and lacustrine sedimentation, displaying an overall coarsening‐upward trend. Clast‐count and point‐count data evidence the progressive erosion from Mesozoic volcanic rocks to Palaeozoic basement granitoids and deposits located around the Cordillera de Domeyko area, which is indicative of an unroofing process. The palaeocurrent data show that the source area was located to the west. The U/Pb detrital zircon geochronological data give maximum depositional ages of 149 Ma for the base of the Tonel Formation (Agua Salada Member), and 107 Ma for its middle member (La Escalera Member); 79 Ma for the lower Purilactis Formation (Limón Verde Member), and 73 Ma for the Barros Arana Formation. The sources of these zircons were located mainly to the west, and comprised from the Coastal Cordillera to the Precordillera. The ages and pulses record the tectonic activity during the Peruvian Phase, which can be split into two large events; an early phase, around 107 Ma, showing uplift of the Coastal Cordillera area, and a late phase around 79 Ma indicating an eastward jump of the deformation front to the Cordillera de Domeyko area. The lack of internal deformation and the thicknesses measured suggest that deposition of the units occurred in the foredeep zone of an eastward‐verging basin. This sedimentation would have ended with the K‐T phase, recognized in most of northern Chile.
Tectonic activation, source area stratigraphy and provenance changes in a rift basin: the Early Cretaceous Tucano Basin (NE‐Brazil)
Authors: Figueiredo Felipe T. , Almeida Renato P. , Freitas Bernardo T. , Marconato Andre , Carrera Simone C. , Turra Bruno B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractChanges in sandstone and conglomerate maturity in tectonically active basins can be considered either as the product of climatic change or of tectonic restructuring of the feeder drainage system. Besides these regional controls, changes in the configuration of local sources can expressively affect basin fill composition. The Early Cretaceous fluvial successions of the Tucano Basin, a rift basin in northeastern Brazil related to the South Atlantic opening, contain one such case of abrupt change in maturity, marked by the passage from pebbly sandstone and conglomerate rich in quartz and quartzite fragments (Neocomian to Barremian São Sebastião Formation) to more feldspathic pebbly sandstone and conglomerate bearing pebbles of varied composition (Aptian Marizal Formation). Systematic analysis of stratigraphic and spatial variation in palaeocurrents and composition of pebbles and cobbles from both units, integrated with the recognition of fluvial and alluvial fan deposits distribution, revealed an abrupt decrease in maturity during the passage from the São Sebastião Formation to the Marizal Formation. This change is explained by exhumation of basement rocks and erosional removal of originally widespread Silurian to Jurassic sandstone and conglomerate units which were a major source of reworked vein quartz and quartzite pebbles to the São Sebastião Formation. Basin border faults activation during the deposition of the Marizal Formation caused adjacent basement uplift above the local erosional base level at the basin borders, whereas during the São Sebastião Formation deposition, the basin border fault scarps probably exposed mineralogically mature sedimentary units. The proposed model has important implications for interpreting changes in sediment maturity in rift basin successions, as similar results are expected where activation of basin border faults occurs after the erosional removal of older sedimentary or volcanic units that controlled syn‐rift successions composition.
Association between metabolic syndrome and mild cognitive impairment and its age difference in a chinese community elderly population
Authors: Liu Miao , He Yao , Jiang Bin , Wu Lei , Wang Jianghua , Yang Shanshan , Wang Yiyan 
Published: February 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo examine associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its individual components with risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community elderly and explore the age difference.DesignCross‐sectional study.SubjectsAbout 2 102 aged 60 and older community residents in Beijing metropolitan area, China.MeasurementsCognitive function was assessed by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). MetS was defined by the 2009 harmonizing definition. Overnight‐fasting blood samples were obtained to measure biochemistry indicators.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS and MCI was 59·1% and 15·9%, respectively. After adjusting age, gender, other demographic factors, lifestyle variables and medication use, participants with MetS or its individual components are at significantly elevated risk for MCI. In terms of MMSE score, as the continuous dependent variable, the β (95% CI) of MetS was −0·68(−0·99, −0·37). For prevalence of MCI, as the dichotomy dependent variable, the odds ratio (OR) of Mets is 1·52 compared to control group (or baseline) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1·16 to 1·95. The multivariate association only showed significant results among participants aged less than 80 years old.ConclusionsMetS is associated with worse cognitive function among younger elderly. Managing MetS, as well as its components, may contribute to control cognitive decline and reduce related disease and social burden.