bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectieven van de buiten- en binnenwacht: de institutionele opgave van de rechtspraak
Authors: Verberk Suzan , Frissen Paul , ’t Hart Paul , Sieckelinck Stijn 
Published: September 2015

Internal and external perspectives: the institutional challenge of the judiciary
It is important for the Dutch judiciary to monitor how society, professional partners and litigants perceive the administration of justice. Different polls and studies provide this information. However, up until 2012 little was known about the way top-level (public and private) decision makers and opinion leaders view the functioning of the courts. This prompted the Council for the Judiciary to commission a study on the external reputation of the administration of justice. The results of this study show that there is neither reason for serious concern nor reason for complacency. Criticism was voiced with regard to the operational capacity of the courts, most notably the case processing time and the lack of technical innovation. Also, it was concluded that the judiciary should take a more proactive stance concerning external communication.A couple of months after the study on the external reputation of the courts was completed, some justices of the Court of Appeal Leeuwarden conceived the so-called ‘Manifest’. Among other things, they criticized the caseload, which in their view threatens the independence of judges. Approximately 700 judges supported the Manifest. So lack of internal support rather than lack of external support seemed to pose a problem for the judiciary. What should the judiciary’s course of action be? Whereas the reputation study points to increasing the operational capacity of the courts, the supporters of the Manifest warn that too strong a focus on output would endanger the quality of justice. These contradictory factors demand reflection on the value identity of the judiciary. In our view this requires the Council for the Judiciary to focus less on management and more on governance. For judges this requires that they, through the development of professional standards, define and refine their view on ‘good administration of justice’.
Geen woorden maar daden
Authors: Hertogh Marc , Schudde Bert , Winter Heinrich 
Published: September 2015

Actions rather than words. The influence of legitimacy and trust on compliance behavior of traffic offenders
For many years, most regulatory research focused on instrumental motivations for compliance, which emphasize the role of rewards and punishments related to (dis)obeying the law. However, more recent studies have also emphasized the potential role of normative motivations. Using survey data collected from a sample of 1,182 traffic offenders in the Netherlands, and building on the ‘procedural justice model’ which was first developed in Why People Obey the Law (Tyler 1990), this paper explores how perceptions of legitimacy shape regulatory compliance. The study makes three contributions to the literature. First, this study is one of the few studies in which the procedural justice model is tested in Continental Europe. Second, following recent critiques in the literature, the paper introduces three modifications to the original model. Third, and unlike most previous studies, this study is not entirely based on self-reporting by drivers, but includes actual evidence about their behavior as well. With regard to the self-reported level of compliance, our study largely confirms Tyler’s (1990) original findings. Yet with regard to the observed level of compliance, there are also important differences between both studies. These findings will be explained by shifting our focus of attention from Tyler’s ‘universalistic’ approach to ‘legitimacy-in-context’ (Beetham 1991).
Overvragende wetgever zet gezagsuitoefening van rechter onder druk
Authors: Bokhorst Meike 
Published: September 2015

Overvragende wetgever zet gezagsuitoefening van rechter onder druk
During the recent Senate debate about the constitutional state some senators expressed a concern about the tensions between the legislature and judiciary. The problems of overburdening, underfunding and instrumentalisation of the judiciary have a long history. The legislature has a tendency to overburden himself and the other powers of state, like the judiciary, notwithstanding the official policy to be reserved with regard to the responsibilities of government. The judiciary must adapt itself to an ever more prominent role in the constitutional state. The judiciary also has to generate its own legitimacy and cannot consider this to be a function of the legitimacy basis of the democratic legislator. The legislator for his part has all kinds of democratic wishes and expectations on how the judiciary can increase its own legitimacy basis by dealing quicker with more cases. In this context, the minister strongly adheres to the maxim that justice delayed is justice denied. The working methods of the judiciary have shown small and gradual steps in the direction of a more responsive and communicative procedure. However, the judiciary is not able to transform all its ideas into concrete initiatives and to transform successful initiatives into settled practices.
Loyaliteit binnen de rechterlijke macht
Authors: Holvast Nina , Doornbos Nienke 
Published: September 2015

Loyaliteit binnen de rechterlijke macht
Judges in the Netherlands have recently expressed their concerns in the media over the organization of the judiciary and the pressure to deliver output. At the same time, they consider themselves highly loyal to their work. In this article we explore this seeming contradiction by studying the developments in the selection, training and organisation of the judiciary and considering the consequences that these developments could have on the loyalty of judges. In doing so, a distinction is made between loyalty to the profession, to the organisation and to colleagues. We follow Hirschman's theory on Exit, Voice and Loyalty and determine that the act of judges expressing their concerns (instead of exiting the judiciary) is essentially a sign of their loyalty. However, we reason that this displays more loyalty to the profession than to the organisation. Due to changes in the selection and training of judges, more candidates who were formerly employed in other settings, e.g. in advocacy, will enter the profession. With their socialisation taking place in a more business-like setting, where values such as efficiency and productivity are significant, it is expected that they will be more willing to accept the new public management values which are criticized by the present generation of judges.
Legitimatie van de rechterlijke bewijsbeslissing door het opnemen van alternatieve scenario's in de motivering
Authors: Scholten Mirnah 
Published: September 2015

Legitimatie van de rechterlijke bewijsbeslissing door het opnemen van alternatieve scenario's in de motivering
Recently there have been several miscarriages of justice in the Netherlands, which were widely reported in the media. They show that much can go wrong with legal proof in criminal cases and that judges sometimes give limited justification for their decisions. Insights from the so-called story-based approach to legal proof can potentially assist to improve and to critically assess judicial decisions in criminal cases, thereby helping to reduce the chance of mistakes. The story-based approach involves constructing and critically analyzing at least two stories about what (might have) happened in a case that explain the evidential data. These stories have to be compared to each other in order to decide which story is the most plausible. The judge has to include the different scenarios in his judgment and he must explain why the scenario he had chosen is the most plausible. In my paper I first discuss why it is important that judges justify their decision in a verdict. Then I explicate the story based approach. After that I explain how applying the story based approach in the motivation can be useful and help to reduce the chance of a miscarriage of justice.
De rechter als regisseur
Authors: Verkruisen Yael , Doornbos Nienke 
Published: September 2015

The Judge as a director
This article reports on an explorative empirical research project on the experiences and opinions of litigants and judges with respect to a new way of handling court cases in administrative law, in which an early contact between parties is initiated and the judge tries to solve the conflict via mediation techniques. Fourteen case files have been analyzed, fourteen court sessions have been observed and thirteen litigants and five judges have been interviewed. Considering the limited scope and the explorative character of the project, it obviously can provide no general or final conclusions. Nonetheless, the research does provide a number of useful indications regarding how the respondents have experienced the new way of working. It also shows how theories on litigation and procedural fairness are implemented by judges in the daily routine of court hearings.
Metatoezicht op voedselveiligheid
Authors: Verbruggen Paul , Havinga Tetty 
Published: September 2015

Metatoezicht op voedselveiligheid
Toezicht op voedselveiligheid is een aangelegenheid van zowel publieke als private partijen. Overheid en bedrijfsleven dragen beide verantwoordelijkheid voor controle en naleving van voedselveiligheidsnormen. Zij hebben daartoe allebei geavanceerde systemen van toezicht ontwikkeld met als primair doel risico’s op voedselveiligheid te beheersen en beperken. Kenmerkend is de relatief recente ontwikkeling dat publieke en private actoren elkaars inspanningen voor de verwezenlijking van dit doel onderling pogen af te stemmen. In Nederland probeert de Nederlandse Voedsel- en Warenautoriteit (NVWA) toezicht te houden op private vormen van toezicht. Hoe richt de NVWA dit metatoezicht (toezicht op toezicht) in? Welke waarborgen brengt de NVWA aan bij de afstemming van haar toezicht op private initiatieven en op welke punten behoeft dit verbetering? De auteurs maken een vergelijkende analyse van twee initiatieven van privaat toezicht die door de NVWA zijn geaccepteerd als ‘zelfcontrolesysteem’ voor levensmiddelen, te weten Bureau de Wit en Riskplaza.
Een onmogelijke opgave?
Authors: Oostdijk André 
Published: September 2015

Een onmogelijke opgave?
De inhoudelijke en financiële opgaven waarvoor gemeentelijke toezichthoudende organisaties zich gesteld zien, zijn ongekend groot. De omvang en complexiteit van het takenpakket nemen toe terwijl de uitvoeringsapparaten rigoureus afslanken. Kortom, meer en complexere taken met minder bezetting. In dit artikel betoog ik dat de gemeentelijke toezichthouders in een lastig pakket gebracht worden. De eisen die gesteld worden, zijn velerlei en tegenstrijdig. De regie erop ontbreekt waardoor gemeenten overspoeld worden met ingrijpende beleidsvoornemens die tezamen een te groot beslag leggen op het verandervermogen. Een reflectie op een andere organisatie van de uitvoering is dan ook noodzakelijk.
Online-opsporing en ontmoediging van vuurwerkdaders
Authors: Meijer Cees 
Published: September 2015

Online-opsporing en ontmoediging van vuurwerkdaders: Combinatie preventie en repressie via een publiek-private samenwerking
De laatste drie jaarwisselingen zijn door de Task Force Opsporing Vuurwerkbommenmakers (TFOVB) vernieuwende online interventies uitgevoerd, waarmee (potentiële) vuurwerkdaders werden opgespoord en ontmoedigd om zwaar illegaal knalvuurwerk en vuurwerkbommen te bestellen, maken, verhandelen en afsteken. Uniek in de TFOVB was de publiek-private samenwerking bij de opsporing en ontmoediging van (potentiële) vuurwerkdaders. Het artikel beschrijft opzet, uitvoering en resultaten van de interventies, die zich hebben gericht op het afbreken van het online podium van vuurwerkdaders en op het ontmoedigen van (potentiële) bestellers van zwaar illegaal knalvuurwerk bij Poolse webwinkels. De beoogde meerwaarde die de samenwerking had voor de deelnemende organisaties was groot. De successen en leerpunten van de TFOVB-aanpak zijn eveneens voorstelbaar bij de inzet van online opsporingsmethoden voor andere thema’s en andere dadergroepen.
Toezicht in de zorg: gedrag sturen door benchmarks en gesprekken
Authors: Taal Michel , Rypkema Wietse 
Published: September 2015

Toezicht in de zorg: gedrag sturen door benchmarks en gesprekken
Als men de media volgt, komen de medisch specialisten en hun declaratiegedrag er niet goed vanaf. Door verschillende incidenten staat toezicht in de zorg volop in de belangstelling. De aandacht gaat vooral uit naar onrechtmatige of vermeende frauduleuze declaraties. Het veld klaagt over onduidelijke regels en wijst naar de toezichthouder. De toezichthouder (en met hem het veld) rent achter incidenten aan en komt beperkt toe aan het sturen op gedrag.Het gewenste gedrag laat zich samenvatten in drie woorden: doelmatig direct declareren (DDD). In dit artikel wordt deze DDD-methode van analyse en gedragsverandering verder toegelicht. Hoe slimmigheden in het declareren kunnen worden omgebogen naar een model waarbij zorgverleners op rationele gronden doelmatig declareren.
Als de inspecteurs slapen
Authors: Nagelhout Gera , Willemsen Marc , van Hoof Joris , Pieterse Marcel 
Published: September 2015

Als de inspecteurs slapen
Mysteryshoppen is de standaard bij onderzoek naar naleving van tabak- en alcoholwetgeving. Vaak worden jongvolwassenen ingezet, zodat verkopers of eigenaren minder snel vermoeden dat een inspectie of observatie gaande is. In twee pilotstudies hebben we gebruikgemaakt van de mysteryshopmethode om te onderzoeken in hoeverre naleving van het rookverbod samenhangt met het tijdstip van het cafébezoek. Beide pilotstudies lieten zien dat het aantal overtredingen verdubbelde na 23.00 uur. Bij het gebruik van de mysteryshopmethode voor onderzoeks- of handhavingsdoeleinden moet daarom rekening gehouden worden met het feit dat de steekproef van bezoekmomenten bepalend kan zijn voor de uitkomsten.
Horizontaal toezicht is geen toezicht
Authors: Tekstra Ton 
Published: September 2015

Horizontaal toezicht is geen toezicht
De relatie tussen de fiscus en de belastingplichtige burgers en ondernemers kent sinds jaar en dag een verticaal (top-down) karakter. De fiscus is daarbij verantwoordelijk voor de controle van belastingaangiften, de heffing van belastingen en de invordering daarvan. Dit behoort tot de kerntaken van de belastingdienst. Sinds 2005 houdt de fiscus zich ook bezig met het zogenoemde horizontale toezicht. Dit project is begonnen als model bij de zeer grote ondernemingen (veelal multinationals) en langzaam maar zeker is ook het midden- en kleinbedrijf onderwerp geworden van horizontaal toezicht. De fiscus presenteert het horizontaal toezicht als een succesvolle operatie en het lijkt zelfs een ‘exportproduct’ te worden. Toch bestaat er de nodige weerstand tegen deze figuur, onder meer uit de hoek van het midden- en kleinbedrijf, overigens ook vanuit de belastingdienst zelf. In dit artikel wordt beschreven hoe deze variant werkt en wordt onderzocht hoe de figuur zich verhoudt tot de basistaak van de fiscus, zijnde de controle, heffing en invordering van belastingen.
Over de eigen grenzen heen kijken
Authors: van Wingerde Karin 
Published: September 2015

Over de eigen grenzen heen kijken
Innoveren betekent lang niet altijd dat we het wiel opnieuw moeten uitvinden. Er valt veel te leren van de manier waarop andere disciplines of branches omgaan met veiligheid en toezicht. Maar hoe realiseren we dat lessen uit andere velden ook daadwerkelijk de weg naar het eigen beleid vinden? Daarover sprak Karin van Wingerde namens de redactie van Tijdschrift voor Toezicht met de heer Frans Hiddema. Frans Hiddema was tussen 1990 en eind 2013 voorzitter van de raad van bestuur van het Oogziekenhuis Rotterdam. Door inzichten uit het bedrijfsleven te vertalen naar de veiligheid in het ziekenhuis, groeide het Oogziekenhuis uit tot een internationaal centre of excellence. Cultuurverandering, continuïteit van het management en het veilig kunnen melden van fouten en afwijkingen blijken daarvoor belangrijke ingrediënten.
Structural Changes in N-Glycans on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiating Toward Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kawamura Takuji , Miyagawa Shigeru , Fukushima Satsuki , Kashiyama Noriyuki , Kawamura Ai , Ito Emiko , Saito Atsuhiro , Maeda Akira , Eguchi Hiroshi , Toda Koichi , Miyagawa Shuji , Okuyama Hiroomi , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Cell-surface glycans vary widely, depending on cell properties. Previously, we reported that the pattern of N-glycan expression on murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) changed toward that of the cardiac tissue during cardiomyogenic differentiation. In this study, N-glycans were isolated from human iPSCs, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), and human cardiomyocytes (hCMCs). Their structures were analyzed by a mapping technique based on high-performance liquid chromatography elution positions and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometric data. Of 52 isolated N-glycans, the structures of 38 were clearly identified. In addition, 11 structures were partially identified because the binding style and fucose binding site at the nonreduced terminal could not be identified. Quantitation of each type of N-glycan, based on the terminal glycosylation process, revealed that the exposed N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and the nonreduced terminal fucose types decreased, whereas the exposed galactose or the α2-3 NeuAc types increased in the iPSCs during cardiomyogenic differentiation. However, the bisecting GlcNAc and the triantennary structures were found in relative abundance in the iPSC-CMs in comparison with hCMCs or iPSCs. Expression of MGAT3, a glycosyltransferase-encoding gene that produces the bisecting GlcNAc structures, was higher in iPSCs and iPSC-CMs than in hCMCs. These findings will prove useful in understanding the directional precision of cardiomyogenic differentiation in vitro.

Significance
This study focused on N-glycans produced in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to investigate their change on cardiomyogenic differentiation in vitro. This shows that the expression pattern of N-glycans in human iPSCs changed toward the pattern observed in human cardiomyocytes upon cardiomyogenic differentiation. Structural differences were also observed in the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and the triantennary structures upon cardiomyogenic differentiation. The findings of this study will help in understanding the directional precision of cardiomyogenic differentiation in vitro.
Oral Mucosal Lamina Propria-Progenitor Cells Exert Antibacterial Properties via the Secretion of Osteoprotegerin and Haptoglobin
Authors: Board-Davies Emma , Moses Rachael , Sloan Alastair , Stephens Phil , Davies Lindsay C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

The oral cavity possesses a diverse microflora, yet recurrent infections within healthy individuals are rare. Wound healing within the buccal mucosa is preferential, potentially because of the presence of oral mucosal lamina propria-progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs). In addition to their multipotency, OMLP-PCs demonstrate potent immunosuppressive properties. The present study investigated whether OMLP-PCs possess antibacterial properties, directly interacting with microorganisms and contributing to the maintenance of a balanced oral microflora. Gram-positive and -negative bacteria were cocultured with OMLP-PCs, buccal mucosal fibroblasts, or their respective conditioned media (CM). Bacterial growth was significantly inhibited when cocultured with OMLP-PCs or their CM. No antibacterial activity was apparent within the fibroblasts. Analysis of the OMLP-PC CM indicated constitutive secretion of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and haptoglobin (Hp). Exposure of the bacteria to OPG or Hp demonstrated their differential antibacterial properties, with neutralization/blocking studies confirming that the growth of Gram-positive bacteria was partially restored by neutralizing OPG within OMLP-PC CM; blocking Hp restored the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the broad-spectrum antibacterial properties of OMLP-PCs. We report the direct and constitutive antibacterial nature of OMLP-PCs, with retention of this effect within the CM suggesting a role for soluble factors such as OPG and Hp. Knowledge of the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of these cells could potentially be exploited in the development of novel cell- or soluble factor-based therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases such as pneumonia or ailments such as chronic nonhealing wounds.

Significance
Oral mucosal lamina propria-progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs) are a cell source with known immunomodulatory properties. The present report demonstrates the novel finding that OMLP-PCs possess potent antibacterial properties, halting the growth of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria through the secretion of soluble factors. OMLP-PCs constitutively secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG) and haptoglobin (Hp) at levels high enough to exert antibacterial action. OPG, a glycoprotein not previously known to be antibacterial, can suppress Gram-positive bacterial growth. Hp is only active against Gram-negative microorganisms. These findings indicate that OMLP-PCs could offer great potential in the development of novel cell- or soluble factor-based therapies for the treatment of infectious illness, such as bacterial pneumonia, through systemic infusion and of chronic wounds through local administration.
APOE genotype and age modifies the correlation between cognitive status and metabolites from hippocampus by a 2D1H-MRS in non-demented elders
Authors: Yin Zhenyu , Wu Wenbo , Liu Renyuan , Liang Xue , Yu Tingting , Chen Xiaoling , Feng Jie , Guo Aibin , Xie Yu , Yang Haiyan , Huang Mingmin , Tian Chuanshuai , Zhang Bing , Xu Yun 
Published: September 2015

Purpose.To examine the associations among age, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, metabolic changes in the hippocampus detected by 2D1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and neuropsychological measures of cognition in non-demented elders.Materials and Methods.We studied a cohort of 16 cognitively normal controls (CN) and 11 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients between 66 and 88 years old who were genotyped for APOE genetic polymorphism. Measurements of 2D1H-MRS metabolites were obtained in the hippocampus region. Adjusting by age among all subjects, the association between metabolic changes and cognitive function was measured by Spearman partial rank-order correlation. The effect of APOE status was measured by separating the subjects into APOE genotype subgroups, including the APOEε4 carriers and APOEε4 non-carriers.Results.In contrast to the CN group matched with age, gender, and education, aMCI patients showed increased myo-inositol (mI)/Creatine (Cr) ratio only in the right hippocampus. No differences were noted on N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr and mI/NAA from bilateral hippocampus, and so was mI/Cr ratio in left hippocampus between aMCI and CN. The mI/Cr ratio from the right hippocampus in non-demented elders was negatively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Whether ε4 genotype or age was added as a covariate, none of the correlation effects remained significant. Additionally, adjusting for age and APOE genotype together, there was no significant correlation between them.Conclusion.Since the higher mI/Cr from the right hippocampus of the patients with aMCI than those from CN, the mI/Cr could be a more specific predictor of general cognitive function in aMCI patients. There is an association between higher mI/Cr in right hippocampus and worse cognitive function for the non-demented older adults, and the correlation could be modified by APOE status and age. That provided a window on objectively understanding the mechanism between the brain metabolites and the influence factors in non-demented elders.