bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigration Wage Effects by Origin
Authors: Bratsberg Bernt , Raaum Oddbjørn , Røed Marianne , Schøne Pål 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe estimate the direct partial wage effects of immigrant‐induced increases in labor supply, using the national skill cell approach with longitudinal records drawn from Norwegian administrative registers. The results show overall negative but heterogeneous wage effects, with larger effects on immigrant wages than on native wages and with native wages more responsive to inflows from Nordic countries than from developing countries. These patterns are consistent with natives and Nordic citizens being close substitutes, while natives and immigrants from developing countries are imperfect substitutes. Estimates are sensitive to accounting for effective immigrant experience, selective native participation, and variation in demand conditions and native labor supply.
Intergenerational Transmission of Education and Mediating Channels: Evidence from a Compulsory Schooling Reform in Germany
Authors: Piopiunik Marc 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I estimate the causal effect that an additional year of schooling for parents has on their children's education, by exploiting a compulsory schooling reform that was implemented in all West German states between 1946 and 1969. Although previous research indicates that the reform had no effect on earnings, I find that an additional year of schooling for women strongly affects the education of their sons. There is no effect for the other parent–child gender pairs. I investigate numerous channels that might mediate the positive effect of the education of mothers. Most importantly, I find that individuals with more schooling value their children's educational success as more important.
Anger and Regulation
Authors: Di Tella Rafael , Dubra Juan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe study a model in which agents experience anger when they see a firm that has displayed insufficient concern for the welfare of its clients (i.e., altruism) making high profits. Regulation can increase welfare, for example, through fines (even with no changes in prices). Besides the standard channel (i.e., efficiency), regulation affects welfare through two other channels. (i) Regulation calms down existing consumers, because a reduction in the profits of an unkind firm increases total welfare by reducing consumer anger. (ii) Individuals who were out of the market when they were angry in the unregulated market decide to purchase once the firm is regulated.
Empirical Asset Pricing: Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen, and Robert Shiller
Authors: Campbell John Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for 2013 was awarded to Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen, and Robert Shiller for their contributions to the empirical study of asset pricing. Some observers have found it hard to understand the common elements of the laureates' research, preferring to highlight areas of disagreement among them. In this paper, I argue that empirical asset pricing is a coherent enterprise, which owes much to the laureates' influential contributions, and that important themes in the literature can best be understood by considering the laureates in pairs. Specifically, after summarizing modern asset‐pricing theory using the stochastic discount factor as an organizing framework, I discuss the following: the joint hypothesis problem in tests of market efficiency, which is as much an opportunity as a problem (Fama and Hansen); patterns of short‐ and long‐term predictability in asset returns (Fama and Shiller); and models of deviations from rational expectations (Hansen and Shiller). I conclude by reviewing the ways in which the laureates have already influenced the practice of finance, and how they might influence future innovations.
Do Surveillance Cameras Affect Unruly Behavior? A Close Look at Grandstands
Authors: Priks Mikael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHow do surveillance cameras affect unruly spectator behavior? I examine this question using a natural experiment from the Swedish soccer league. Stadiums in Sweden introduced surveillance cameras at different points in time during the years 2000 and 2001. I exploit the exogenous variation that occurred because of differences across stadiums in the processing time taken to obtain permits for cameras as well as delays in the supply of equipment. Conditioning on stadium fixed effects, unruly behavior was found to be approximately 65 percent lower in stadiums with cameras compared to stadiums without cameras. The identification strategy provides a unique possibility to address problems regarding endogeneity, simultaneous policy interventions, and displacement effects.
Accomplice Witnesses and Organized Crime: Theory and Evidence from Italy
Authors: Acconcia Antonio , Immordino Giovanni , Piccolo Salvatore , Rey Patrick 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe develop an agency model of organized crime accounting for the main trade‐offs involved in the introduction of an accomplice‐witness program. We characterize the optimal policy and identify its main determinants in a framework where public officials can be dishonest. Our predictions are tested by using data for Italy before and after the introduction of the 1991 accomplice‐witness program. As predicted by the model and the earlier antitrust literature, the program appears to have strengthened deterrence and enhanced prosecution. Moreover, consistent with a novel prediction of our theory, the evidence suggests that the program efficacy is affected by the judicial system efficiency.
Local Labor Supply Responses to Immigration
Authors: Del Carpio Ximena , Özden Çağlar , Testaverde Mauro , Wagner Mathis 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHow natives adjust is central to an understanding of the impact of immigration in destination countries. Using detailed labor force data for Malaysia for 1990–2010, we provide estimates of native responses to immigration on multiple extensive margins and rare evidence for a developing country. Instrumental variable estimates show that increased immigration to a state causes substantial internal inward migration, consistent with the fact that immigration increases the demand for native workers. Relocating Malaysian workers are accompanied by their spouses (three‐quarters of whom are housewives) and children who attend school. We find that these effects are concentrated among middle‐ and lower‐skilled Malaysians.
The World Is Not Enough! Small Open Economies and Regional Dependence
Authors: Aastveit Knut Are , Bjørnland Hilde C. , Thorsrud Leif Anders 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we explicitly introduce regional factors into a global dynamic factor model. We combine new open economy factor models (emphasizing global shocks) with the recent findings of regional importance in the business cycle synchronization literature. The analysis is applied to a large panel of domestic data for four small open economies. We find that global and regional shocks explain roughly 30 and 20 percent, respectively, of the business cycle variation in all countries. While global shocks have most impact on trade variables, regional shocks explain a relatively large share of the variation in cost variables.
Trade Liberalization and Environmental Taxation in Federal Systems
Authors: Fredriksson Per G. , Matschke Xenia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe literature on trade liberalization and environment has not yet considered federal structures. In this paper, we show how the design of environmental policy in a federal system has implications for the effects of trade reform. Trade liberalization leads to a decline in pollution taxes, regardless of whether pollution taxes are set at the federal (centralized) or local (decentralized) level, and it increases social welfare. The effect under a decentralized system is smaller than if these taxes are set by the federal government, and pollution emissions therefore decline in this case. Moreover, majority bias interacts with trade liberalization if federal taxes are used.
Do Firms Provide Wage Insurance against Shocks?
Authors: Kátay Gábor 
Published: October 2015

AbstractImplicit contract models imply that it is Pareto optimal for risk‐neutral firms to provide insurance to risk‐averse workers against shocks. Using a matched employer–employee dataset, I evaluate wage responses to both permanent and transitory shocks in Hungary, and compare my results to similar studies on Italian, Portuguese, German, and French datasets. I find that the magnitude of the wage response differs depending on the nature of the shock. Broadly speaking, the wage response to permanent shocks is twice the size of the response to transitory shocks. Unlike previous findings, my results show that full insurance against transitory shocks is rejected.
Do Education and Income Really Explain Inequalities in Health? Applying a Twin Design
Authors: Gerdtham U.‐G. , Lundborg P. , Lyttkens C. H. , Nystedt P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe apply a twin design to examine the relationship between health and education and income. The estimated associations between health and education and income, controlling for unobserved endowments, at the twin‐pair level, are lower than estimates obtained via ordinary least‐squares (OLS) on the same sample. Thus, OLS‐based effects of education and income are biased, exaggerating the contribution of education and income to health inequality. The main part of health inequality is explained by within‐twin‐pair fixed effects, incorporating family background and genetic inheritance. It appears that education and income policies have less to offer for reducing health inequality than is usually assumed.
Sickness Absence and Local Benefit Cultures
Authors: Lindbeck Assar , Palme Mårten , Persson Mats 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn many countries, sickness absence financed by generous insurance benefits is an important concern in the policy debate. There are strong variations in absence behavior among local geographical areas. Such variations are difficult to explain in terms of observable socioeconomic factors. In this paper, we investigate whether such variations are related to group effects in the form of social interaction among individuals within neighborhoods. Well‐known methodological problems arise when trying to answer this question. A special feature of our efforts to deal with these problems is that we adopt several alternative approaches to identify group effects. Our study is based on a rich set of Swedish panel data, and we find indications of group effects in each of our approaches.
The Long‐Run History of Income Inequality in Denmark
Authors: Atkinson Anthony B. , Søgaard Jakob Egholt 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe use historical publications and micro data from tax returns to construct internationally comparable estimates of the development in income inequality in Denmark over the last 140 years. The study shows that income inequality and top income shares have declined during several distinct phases in between periods of stability. Furthermore, the quality of the Danish data allows us to analyse not only the development in top income shares but also broader inequality measures such as the Gini coefficient. These analyses show that top income shares are a good proxy for the underlying development in inequality.
Roughness based perceptual analysis towards digital skin imaging system with haptic feedback
Authors: Kim K. 
Published: October 2015

Background/purposeTo examine psoriasis or atopic eczema, analyzing skin roughness by palpation is essential to precisely diagnose skin diseases. However, optical sensor based skin imaging systems do not allow dermatologists to touch skin images. To solve the problem, a new haptic rendering technology that can accurately display skin roughness must be developed. In addition, the rendering algorithm must be able to filter spatial noises created during 2D to 3D image conversion without losing the original roughness on the skin image. In this study, a perceptual way to design a noise filter that will remove spatial noises and in the meantime recover maximized roughness is introduced by understanding human sensitivity on surface roughness.MethodsA visuohaptic rendering system that can provide a user with seeing and touching digital skin surface roughness has been developed including a geometric roughness estimation method from a meshed surface. In following, a psychophysical experiment was designed and conducted with 12 human subjects to measure human perception with the developed visual and haptic interfaces to examine surface roughness.ResultsFrom the psychophysical experiment, it was found that touch is more sensitive at lower surface roughness, and vice versa. Human perception with both senses, vision and touch, becomes less sensitive to surface distortions as roughness increases. When interact with both channels, visual and haptic interfaces, the performance to detect abnormalities on roughness is greatly improved by sensory integration with the developed visuohaptic rendering system.ConclusionThe result can be used as a guideline to design a noise filter that can perceptually remove spatial noises while recover maximized roughness values from a digital skin image obtained by optical sensors. In addition, the result also confirms that the developed visuohaptic rendering system can help dermatologists or skin care professionals examine skin conditions by using vision and touch at the same time.
Clinical, ultrasound, and videodermatoscopy monitoring of psoriatic patients following biological treatment
Authors: Micali G. , Lacarrubba F. , Santagati C. , Egan C. G. , Nasca M. R. , Musumeci M. L. 
Published: October 2015

Background and purposeEffective non‐invasive techniques to monitor plaque psoriasis progression and treatment are desirable. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in vascular pattern using videodermatoscopy (VD) and in skin thickness by ultrasound (US), along with clinical observation, during treatment with biologicals.MethodsForty‐two patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis treated with adalimumab, etanercept, or ustekinumab were evaluated. Following the identification of a ‘target’ plaque at baseline, lesion changes were monitored at 15, 30 and 60 days by clinical observation using a Target Lesion Score (TLS), and by VD and US.ResultsAfter 60 days, a significant improvement in all three parameters was observed. In adalimumab‐treated patients mean values of TLS, VD, and US were reduced by 83.9%, 73.5%, and 90%, respectively; in etanercept‐treated patients by 67.9%, 49.7%, and 79.3%; in ustekinumab‐treated patients by 80.9%, 66.4%, and 80.1%. Skin thickness was the first parameter to improve. Vascular improvement was slower compared to clinical and US responses.ConclusionVD and US may be useful to monitor psoriasis treatment. Further investigations are warranted to assess if the persistence of an altered vascular pattern despite clinical and US normalization, as observed in 22% of patients, may influence disease progression and/or correlate with rate and severity degree of relapse.
Quasi‐Static Single‐Component Hybrid Simulation of a Composite Structure with Multi‐Axis Control
Authors: Høgh J. , Waldbjørn J. , Wittrup‐Schmidt J. , Stang H. , Berggreen C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a quasi‐static hybrid simulation performed on a single component structure. Hybrid simulation is a substructural technique, where a structure is divided into two sections: a numerical section of the main structure and a physical experiment of the remainder. In previous cases, hybrid simulation has typically been applied to structures with a simple connection between the numerical model and physical test, e.g. civil engineering structures. In this paper, the method is applied to a composite structure, where the boundary is more complex i.e. 3 degrees of freedom. In order to evaluate the validity of the method, the results are compared to a test of the emulated structure – referred to here as the reference test. It was found that the error introduced by compliance in the load train was significant. Digital image correlation was for this reason implemented in the hybrid simulation communication loop to compensate for this source of error. Furthermore, the accuracy of the hybrid simulation was improved by compensating for communication delay. The test showed high correspondence between the hybrid simulation and the reference test in terms of overall deflection as well as displacements and rotation in the shared boundary.
In vitro evaluation of the hemostatic effectiveness of cryopreserved platelets
Authors: Cid Joan , Escolar Ginés , Galan Ana , López‐Vilchez Irene , Molina Patricia , Díaz‐Ricart Maribel , Lozano Miguel , Dumont Larry J. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDCryopreserved platelet (CPP) concentrates exhibit a variety of morphologic and functional alterations that may affect the action of CPP with accelerated platelet (PLT) response and clotting. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro hemostatic effect of CPP with fresh whole blood (WB) and standard 5‐day PLT concentrates (PCs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWB collected from eight healthy donors was used to prepare fresh WB, PLT‐depleted WB (TPN), and PLT‐restored TPN using CPP (TPN‐CPP) or PC (TPN‐PC). Clot properties were evaluated with thromboelastometry (ROTEM); adhesion and aggregate formation under high shear (Impact‐R); and PLT adhesion, aggregate formation, fibrin formation, and prothrombin activation under medium shear in a perfusion system.RESULTSTPN‐CPP had faster clot initiation (ROTEM clot time—TPN‐CPP 115 sec, WB 194 sec, TPN‐PC 161 sec), and CPP contributes to a strong clot with PLT involvement (maximum clot firmness—TPN‐CPP 32 mm, WB 62 mm, TPN‐PC 59 mm). The Impact‐R PLT‐covered area with TPN‐CPP was less than those of WB and PCs, but aggregate size was the same as WB. PLT coverage in perfusion studies was observed with TPN‐CPP, although generally less than both WB and PC. Fibrin was deposited with CPP‐restored samples, but did not exceed the level of WB.CONCLUSIONCPPs present a phenotype supporting a moderate increase in the rate of clot formation, form stable PLT clots, and do not present a hypercoagulable phenotype during in vitro functional tests.
Evaluation of a real‐time BeO ceramic fiber‐coupled luminescence dosimetry system for dose verification of high dose rate brachytherapy
Authors: Santos Alexandre M. Caraça , Mohammadi Mohammad , Afshar V. Shahraam 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:The authors evaluate the capability of a beryllium oxide (BeO) ceramic fiber‐coupled luminescence dosimeter, named radioluminescence/optically stimulated luminescence (RL/OSL) BeO FOD, for dosimetric verification of high dose rate (HDR) treatments. The RL/OSL BeO FOD is capable of RL and OSL measurements.Methods:The RL/OSL BeO FOD is able to be inserted in 6F proguide needles, used in interstitial HDR treatments. Using a custom built Perspex phantom, 6F proguide needles could be submerged in a water tank at 1 cm separations from each other. A second background fiber was required to correct for the stem effect. The stem effect, dose linearity, reproducibility, depth‐dose curves, and angular and temperature dependency of the RL/OSL BeO FOD were characterised using an Ir‐192 source. The RL/OSL BeO FOD was also applied to the commissioning of a 10 mm horizontal Leipzig applicator.Results:Both the RL and OSL were found to be reproducible and their percentage depth‐dose curves to be in good agreement with those predicted via TG‐43. A combined uncertainty of 7.9% and 10.1% (k = 1) was estimated for the RL and OSL, respectively. For the 10 mm horizontal Leipzig applicator, measured percentage depth doses were within 5% agreement of the published reference calculations. The output at the 3 mm prescription depth for a 1 Gy delivery was verified to be 0.99 ± 0.08 Gy and 1.01 ± 0.10 Gy by the RL and OSL, respectively.Conclusions:The use of the second background fiber under the current setup means that the two fibers cannot fit into a single 6F needle. Hence, use of the RL is currently not adequate for the purpose of in vivo brachytherapy dosimetry. While not real‐time, the OSL is shown to be adequate for in vivo brachytherapy dosimetry.
Optimization of the fractionated irradiation scheme considering physical doses to tumor and organ at risk based on dose–volume histograms
Authors: Sugano Yasutaka , Mizuta Masahiro , Takao Seishin , Shirato Hiroki , Sutherland Kenneth L. , Date Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:Radiotherapy of solid tumors has been performed with various fractionation regimens such as multi‐ and hypofractionations. However, the ability to optimize the fractionation regimen considering the physical dose distribution remains insufficient. This study aims to optimize the fractionation regimen, in which the authors propose a graphical method for selecting the optimal number of fractions (n) and dose per fraction (d) based on dose–volume histograms for tumor and normal tissues of organs around the tumor.Methods:Modified linear‐quadratic models were employed to estimate the radiation effects on the tumor and an organ at risk (OAR), where the repopulation of the tumor cells and the linearity of the dose‐response curve in the high dose range of the surviving fraction were considered. The minimization problem for the damage effect on the OAR was solved under the constraint that the radiation effect on the tumor is fixed by a graphical method. Here, the damage effect on the OAR was estimated based on the dose–volume histogram.Results:It was found that the optimization of fractionation scheme incorporating the dose–volume histogram is possible by employing appropriate cell surviving models. The graphical method considering the repopulation of tumor cells and a rectilinear response in the high dose range enables them to derive the optimal number of fractions and dose per fraction. For example, in the treatment of prostate cancer, the optimal fractionation was suggested to lie in the range of 8–32 fractions with a daily dose of 2.2–6.3 Gy.Conclusions:It is possible to optimize the number of fractions and dose per fraction based on the physical dose distribution (i.e., dose–volume histogram) by the graphical method considering the effects on tumor and OARs around the tumor. This method may stipulate a new guideline to optimize the fractionation regimen for physics‐guided fractionation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Bacteriophage f18SE, Isolated in Chile
Authors: Segovia Cristopher , Vasquez Ignacio , Maracaja-Coutinho Vinicius , Robeson James , Santander Javier 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophage f18SE was isolated from poultry sewage in Olmue, Chile, and lytic activity was demonstrated against
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis and serovar Pullorum strains. This bacteriophage has a 41,868-bp double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) genome encoding 53 coding sequences (CDSs) and belongs to the family
Siphoviridae
, subfamily
Jerseyvirinae
.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Anaerolineae
Strain TC1, a Novel Isolate from a Methanogenic Wastewater Treatment System
Authors: Matsuura Norihisa , Tourlousse Dieter M. , Sun Liwei , Toyonaga Mayu , Kuroda Kyohei , Ohashi Akiko , Cruz Rodrigo , Yamaguchi Takashi , Sekiguchi Yuji 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Anaerolineae
bacterium strain TC1, newly isolated from a methanogenic wastewater treatment system. The assembly contains 16 contigs in 3 scaffolds representing 3,510,630 bp in total with a G+C content of 41.35%. The genome is predicted to contain 2,793 protein-coding genes and 56 RNAs.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mariprofundus ferrooxydans Strain JV-1, Isolated from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii
Authors: Fullerton Heather , Hager Kevin W. , Moyer Craig L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Mariprofundus ferrooxydans
strain JV-1 was isolated in 1998 from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii. Here, we present the draft genome of strain JV-1, which shows similarity to other sequenced
Mariprofundus
isolates, strains PV-1 and M34.