bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levofloxacin‐containing Triple and Sequential Therapy or Standard Sequential Therapy as the First Line Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in China
Authors: Qian Juan , Ye Feng , Zhang Jun , Yang Yan‐Mei , Tu Hui‐Ming , Jiang Qi , Shang Li , Pan Xiao‐Lin , Shi Rui‐Hua , Zhang Guo‐Xin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimsTo compare the efficacy and the adverse effects of levofloxacin‐containing triple therapy, standard sequential therapy, and levofloxacin‐containing sequential therapy as first‐line treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication.MethodsThree hundred and forty‐five naive H. pylori‐positive patients were randomized to receive levofloxacin‐containing 7‐day triple therapy (Levo triple, i.e., esomeprazole, 20 mg, twice daily, amoxicillin, 1 g, twice daily, and levofloxacin, 500 mg, once daily for 7 days, n = 114), standard sequential therapy (SST‐10, 5‐day esomeprazole, 20 mg, twice daily and amoxicillin, 1 g, twice daily followed by 5‐day esomeprazole, 20 mg, twice daily, clarithromycin, 500 mg, twice daily and tinidazole, 500 mg, twice daily for 5 days, n = 115) or levofloxacin‐containing sequential therapy (Levo‐ST‐10, 5‐day esomeprazole, 20 mg, twice daily and amoxicillin, 1 g, twice daily for 5 days followed by 5‐day esomeprazole, 20 mg, twice daily, levofloxacin, 500 mg, once daily and tinidazole, 500 mg, twice daily, n = 116). Eradication was confirmed by a 13C‐urea breath test 4 weeks after completion of treatment.ResultsIntention to treat (ITT) eradication rates were 78.1% (95% CI: 69.4, 85.3%), 78.3% (95% CI: 69.6, 85.4%), and 82.8% (95% CI: 74.6, 89.1%) for Levo triple, SST‐10, Levo‐ST‐10, respectively (p = .599). Per protocol (PP) eradication rates were 80.9% (95% CI: 72.3, 87.8%), 82.6% (95% CI: 74.1, 89.2%), and 86.5% (95% CI: 78.7, 92.2%), respectively, for the three therapies (p = .513). Overall, 3.8% experienced mild to moderate adverse events; the rates were 1.75, 4.35, and 5.17%, respectively, in the three groups (p = .325).ConclusionsStandard sequential therapy and 7‐day levofloxacin triple therapy produced unacceptably therapeutic efficacy in China. Only levofloxacin‐containing sequential therapy achieved borderline acceptable result. None of the regimens tested reliably achieved 90% or greater therapeutic efficacy in China.
Effect of Sex and Estrogens on Neuronal Activation in an Animal Model of Migraine
Authors: Greco Rosaria , Tassorelli Cristina , Mangione A. Stefania , Smeraldi Antonella , Allena Marta , Sandrini Giorgio , Nappi Giuseppe , Nappi Rossella E. 
Published: August 2012

Objective.— In this study, we evaluated the influence of sex and estrogen treatment on nitroglycerin (NTG)‐induced neuronal activation in the rat brain.Background.— Systemic NTG activates cerebral nuclei of rat involved in nociceptive transmission, as well as in neuroendocrine and autonomic functions. These changes are considered relevant for migraine, since NTG consistently induces spontaneous‐like attacks in migraineurs.Methods.— Intact and castrated male and female rats, and castrated female rats treated with estradiol benzoate (or placebo) were injected with NTG and sacrificed after 4 hours. Rats were perfused, and their brains were processed for Fos protein, a marker of neuronal activation.Results.— Data showed a reduced expression of NTG‐induced Fos protein in the paraventricular nucleus (PVH), supraoptic nucleus (SON), and nucleus trigeminalis caudalis (SPVC) of male rats in comparison with female rats. Furthermore, in castrated female rats, NTG‐induced neuronal activation was reduced in PVH, SON, central nucleus of the amygdala (AMI), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), area postrema (AP), and SPVC, while in castrated male rats Fos expression was reduced uniquely in the SPVC. Chronic administration of estrogens restored Fos protein expression in PVH, SON, AMI, NTS, AP, and SPVC in castrated female rats.Conclusion.— These data provide a support for the existence of a sexual dimorphism in NTG‐induced neuronal activation, and they prompt a specific model for evaluating and modulating the influence of estrogens upon the cerebral structures implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine.
Oral Rehabilitation Considerations for Partially Edentulous Periodontal Patients
Authors: Dhingra Kunaal 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTraditional tooth‐supported and implant‐supported fixed/removable restorations are currently used to replace teeth lost due to periodontal disease. This article reviews the existing literature for oral rehabilitation of partially edentulous periodontal patients with various designs of removable dental prosthesis (RDP), fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) and implant‐supported single crown (SC), by addressing their (a) general features, (b) survival and complication rates, along with considerations for treatment planning in periodontal patients, and (c) preference by patients. To answer these issues, relevant articles were searched and critically analyzed, and their data were extracted. Data reviewed indicated that despite many advantages, implant‐supported restorations have higher complication rates than tooth‐supported restorations. Systematic reviews on conventional RDPs are lacking, but existing literature reviews provide limited evidence suggesting the use of RDPs with design modifications along with strict periodontal care in periodontal patients. Numerous systematic reviews on conventional FDPs and implant‐supported restorations provide a moderate level of evidence favoring their survival in periodontal patients; however, for long‐term success of these restorations, the patient's periodontal condition needs to be stabilized. In terms of patient preference, no restoration is superior, as they all are governed by their cost, advantages, and disadvantages. Thus, in the wake of existing weak evidence for prosthodontic rehabilitation of periodontal patients by these restorations (especially, conventional RDPs and for FDPs and SCs in implant‐supported restorations), longitudinal studies with standardized treatment protocol and methodology are needed to evaluate and compare tooth‐supported and implant‐supported restorations in periodontal patients with regard to survival rates, cost, maintenance, and patient‐centered outcomes.
Dielectric, Ferroelectric, and Piezoelectric Properties of Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3‐Modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 Ceramics with High Curie Temperature
Authors: Zhou Qin , Zhou Changrong , Yang Huabin , Chen Guohua , Li Weizhou , Wang Hua 
Published: August 2012

New piezoelectric ceramics, 0.71BiFe1−x(Ni1/2Ti1/2)x O3−0.29BaTiO3+0.6 wt% MnO2 [BFNTx–BT] (x = 0–0.09), were fabricated using conventional mixed‐oxide method. It was found that the introduction of BNT into BF‐BT system caused insignificant change in crystal structure, which is a single‐phase perovskite structure. However, an obvious variation in microstructure took place. The ceramics with composition of x = 0.03 showed enhanced piezoelectric, electromechanical, and ferroelectric properties with piezoelectric constant d33 = 156 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling factors kp = 0.308, remnant polarization Pr = 22.5 μC/cm2, and coercive field Ec = 28.2 kV/cm, with a high Curie temperature Tc = 431°C, respectively. The combination of good piezoelectric properties and high Tc makes these ceramics suitable for elevated temperature piezoelectric devices.
Enhanced Broadband 2.0 μm Emission and Energy Transfer Mechanism in Ho–Bi Co‐Doped Borophosphate Glass
Authors: Sheng Qiuchun , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Danping 
Published: August 2012

A novel borophosphate glass doped with Ho2O3 and Bi2O3 has been investigated. The efficient energy transfer process between Ho3+ and bismuth ions is observed and the energy transfer efficiency is 47.8%. The enhanced broadband 2.0 μm emission with a full width at half maximum of 180 nm of Ho3+:5I7→5I8 is obtained by codoping Bi2O3 excited by a 445 nm laser diode. The emission properties and energy transfer mechanism of Ho3+ sensitized by bismuth ions are discussed. The results indicate that this glass is a promising candidate for 2.0 μm laser material.
Need for Performance Protocols in TEE and TCD for Detection of Right to Left Shunts
Authors: Chang Jason , Darbonne Carol , Drumm Denise A. , Teleb Mohamed S. , Frey James L. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEAlthough transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard for right to left shunt detection, we observed that transcranial Doppler (TCD) was more sensitive and sought an explanation.METHODSWe retrospectively evaluated results of TCD and TEE in 118 patients with cryptogenic stroke and transient ischemic attacks. TCDs were done as per modification of a published performance protocol and interpreted by a neurologist and radiologist. TEEs were performed and interpreted by five cardiologists without standardized protocol. Statistical methodology included χ2 tests, Fisher exact tests, and ANOVA.RESULTSOverall agreement between TCD and TEE was found for 76 of 118 patients. Sensitivities of TCD and TEE were 93.8% and 53.1%. Sensitivities for TCD interpreters were 61.1% and 64.1%. Sensitivities for TEE operators varied from 46.7% to 75.7%. We were unable to find a performance protocol for TEE microbubble studies in either published literature or certification organizations.CONCLUSIONSTEEs and TCDs are operator dependent and thus subject to false negatives. The lower yield and interoperator variability in TEE results appear to reflect the lack of performance protocols and engender concern about false negatives in community use. Consensus performance protocols and certification criteria for both modalities should have an impact on accuracy of shunt detection.
The global burden of periodontal disease: towards integration with chronic disease prevention and control
Authors: Petersen Poul E. , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChronic diseases are accelerating globally, advancing across all regions and pervading all socioeconomic classes. Unhealthy diet and poor nutrition, physical inactivity, tobacco use, excessive use of alcohol and psychosocial stress are the most important risk factors. Periodontal disease is a component of the global burden of chronic disease, and chronic disease and periodontal disease have the same essential risk factors. In addition, severe periodontal disease is related to poor oral hygiene and to poor general health (e.g. the presence of diabetes mellitus and other systemic diseases). The present report highlights the global burden of periodontal disease: the ultimate burden of periodontal disease (tooth loss), as well as signs of periodontal disease, are described from World Health Organization (WHO) epidemiological data. High prevalence rates of complete tooth loss are found in upper middle‐income countries, whereas the tooth‐loss rates, at the time of writing, are modest for low‐income countries. In high‐income countries somewhat lower rates for edentulism are found when compared with upper middle‐income countries. Around the world, social inequality in tooth loss is profound within countries. The Community Periodontal Index was introduced by the WHO in 1987 for countries to produce periodontal health profiles and to assist countries in the planning and evaluation of intervention programs. Globally, gingival bleeding is the most prevalent sign of disease, whereas the presence of deep periodontal pockets (≥6 mm) varies from 10% to 15% in adult populations. Intercountry and intracountry variations are found in the prevalence of periodontal disease, and these variations relate to socio‐environmental conditions, behavioral risk factors, general health status of people (e.g. diabetes and HIV status) and oral health systems. National public health initiatives for the control and prevention of periodontal disease should include oral health promotion and integrated disease‐prevention strategies based on common risk‐factor approaches. Capacity building of oral health systems must consider the establishment of a financially fair service in periodontal care. Health systems research is needed for the evaluation of population‐oriented oral health programs.
Periodontal health through public health – the case for oral health promotion
Authors: Watt Richard G. , Petersen Poul E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPeriodontal diseases are highly prevalent, particularly amongst socially disadvantaged populations, impact on quality of life and are costly to treat. Clinical treatments and chairside preventive approaches alone will never adequately address this problem. Indeed in many parts of the developing world clinical care and chairside prevention are both unaffordable and inappropriate for the control of periodontal diseases. A paradigm shift away from the individualized treatment approach to a population public health model is needed to promote periodontal health and, in particular to address social inequalities in periodontal status. Public health measures need to focus on the underlying determinants of periodontal diseases. Poor hygiene, tobacco use, psychosocial factors and related systemic diseases are the main risk factors for periodontal diseases. Public health interventions need to tackle these factors but also must recognize and act upon the distal underlying influences that determine and pattern these identified risks. Recognition also needs to be placed on the interlinking and common risk factors shared by periodontal diseases and other chronic conditions. A complementary range of public health policies acting at local, regional, national and international levels need to be implemented to achieve sustainable improvements in oral health. To be effective these policies need to link across the broader public health agenda and require public engagement and support. Clinicians, public health practitioners, commercial organizations and professional groups all have an important role to play in promoting periodontal health.
Oral health care systems in developing and developed countries
Authors: Kandelman Daniel , Arpin Sophie , Baez Ramon J. , Baehni Pierre C. , Petersen Poul E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHealth care systems are essential for promoting, improving and maintaining health of the population. Through an efficient health service, patients can be advised of disease that may be present and so facilitate treatment; risks factors whose modification could reduce the incidence of disease and illness in the future can be identified, and further, how controlling such factors can contribute to maintain a good quality of life. In developed countries, clinics or hospitals may be supported by health professionals from various specialties that allow their cooperation to benefit the patient; these institutions or clinics may be equipped with the latest technical facilities. In developing countries, health services are mostly directed to provide emergency care only or interventions towards certain age group population. The most common diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease and frequently intervention procedures aim, at treating existing problems and restore teeth and related structure to normal function. It is unfortunate that the low priority given to oral health hinders acquisition of data and establishment of effective periodontal care programmes in developing countries but also in some developed countries where the periodontal profile is also less than satisfactory. Despite the fact that in several developed countries there are advanced programmes oriented to periodontal disease treatments, the concern is related to the lack of preventive oriented treatments. According to data available on periodontal status of populations from developed countries, despite the number of dentists and trained specialists, dental health professionals do not presently meet adequately the need for prevention, focusing mainly on curative care. The need for strengthening disease prevention and health promotion programmes in order to improve oral health conditions and particularly periodontal status in the majority of countries around the world is evident. Unfortunately, in many countries, the human, financial and material resources are still insufficient to meet the need for oral health care services and to provide universal access, especially in disadvantaged communities, in both developing and developed countries. Moreover, even though the most widespread illnesses are avoidable, not all population groups are well informed about or able to take advantage of the proper measures for oral health promotion. In addition, in many countries, oral health care needs to be fully integrated into national or community health programmes. Improving oral health is a very challenging objective in developing countries, but also in developed countries, especially with the accelerated aging of the population now underway and intensifying over the coming years.
Low‐cost periodontal therapy
Authors: Slots Jørgen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPeriodontitis is a complex infectious disease that affects low‐income individuals disproportionately. Periodontitis is associated with specific bacterial species and herpesviruses, and successful prevention and treatment of the disease is contingent upon effective control of these pathogens. This article presents an efficacious, highly safe, minimally invasive, practical and low‐cost periodontal therapy that involves professional and patient‐administered mechanical therapy and antimicrobial agents. The major components are scaling for calculus removal, periodontal pocket irrigation with potent antiseptics, and treatment with systemic antibiotics for advanced disease. Povidone‐iodine and sodium hypochlorite have all the characteristics for becoming the first‐choice antiseptics in the management of periodontal diseases. Both agents show excellent antibacterial and antiviral properties, are readily available throughout the world, have been safely used in periodontal therapy for decades, offer significant benefits for individuals with very limited financial resources, and are well accepted by most dental professionals and patients. Four per cent chlorhexidine applied with a toothbrush to the most posterior part to the tongue dorsum can markedly reduce or eliminate halitosis in most individuals. Systemic antibiotics are used to treat periodontopathic bacteria that are not readily reached by topical therapy, such as pathogens within gingival tissue, within furcation defects, at the base of periodontal pockets, and on the tongue, tonsils and buccal mucosae. Valuable antibiotic therapies are amoxicillin‐metronidazole (250 mg of amoxicillin and 250 mg of metronidazole, three times daily for 8 days) for young and middle‐aged patients, and ciprofloxacin‐metronidazole (500 mg of each, twice daily for 8 days) for elderly patients and for patients in developing countries who frequently harbor enteric rods subgingivally. Scaling to remove dental calculus and the prudent use of inexpensive antimicrobial agents can significantly retard or arrest progressive periodontitis in the great majority of patients.
Periodontal disease in HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ryder Mark I. , Nittayananta Wipawee , Coogan Maeve , Greenspan Deborah , Greenspan John S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSince the early 1990's, the death rate from AIDS among adults has declined in most developed countries, largely because of newer antiretroviral therapies and improved access to these therapies. In addition, from 2006 to 2011, the total number of new cases of HIV infection worldwide has declined somewhat and has remained relatively constant. Nevertheless, because of the large numbers of existing and new cases of HIV infection, the dental practitioner and other healthcare practitioners will still be required to treat oral and periodontal conditions unique to HIV/AIDS as well as conventional periodontal diseases in HIV‐infected adults and children. The oral and periodontal conditions most closely associated with HIV infection include oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi’s sarcoma, salivary gland diseases, oral warts, other oral viral infections, linear gingival erythema and necrotizing gingival and periodontal diseases. While the incidence and prevalence of these oral lesions and conditions appear to be declining, in part because of antiretroviral therapy, dental and healthcare practitioners will need to continue to diagnose and treat the more conventional periodontal diseases in these HIV‐infected populations. Finding low‐cost and easily accessible and acceptable diagnostic and treatment approaches for both the microbiological and the inflammatory aspects of periodontal diseases in these populations are of particular importance, as the systemic spread of the local microbiota and inflammatory products of periodontal diseases may have adverse effects on both the progression of HIV infection and the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy approaches. Developing and assessing low‐cost and accessible diagnostic and treatment approaches to periodontal diseases, particularly in developing countries, will require an internationally coordinated effort to design and conduct standardized clinical trials.
Systemic sclerosis – dermatological aspects. Part 1: Pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical findings
Authors: Sticherling Michael 
Published: August 2012

SummarySystemic sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory multiorgan disease belonging to the group of collagen‐vascular disorders. With a prevalence of 10/100,000 inhabitants it may be regarded a rather rare disease. Its etiology and pathogenesis have still not been elucidated in detail, especially with regard to the differential involvement of skin and the cause of the clinically heterogeneous disease courses. Various components of the vasculature, connective tissue as well as the immune system are involved in a yet unknown sequence and significance. Patients need to be cared for in an interdisciplinary fashion depending on the individual organ involvement. Apart from the skin, the heart, kidneys and lungs are mainly affected in addition to frequent gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms. Clinically two distinct subsets may be separated, acral (also termed limited) and diffuse scleroderma, which are characterized by anti‐centromere and anti‐Scl‐70/topoisomerase‐1 antibodies, respectively. Recent data demonstrate a poor prognosis even in limited disease when pulmonary arterial hypertension develops at an early stage. In diffuse disease sudden and rapid onset will result in a sclerosis of major internal organs and early death in many cases.