bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Novel Device for Measuring Patient Compliance with Oral Appliances in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Smith Yves K. , Verrett Ronald G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel intraoral monitor for measuring patient compliance of oral appliances for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.Materials and MethodsA clinical trial was conducted to compare objective recording by an intraoral compliance monitor and self‐reporting by participants using a mandibular repositioning device (MRD). Ten participants were fitted with a Thornton Adjustable Positioner (TAP III) with an embedded compliance monitor. The participants were asked to wear the test appliance for seven nights and to record their usage of the appliance and any adverse effects in a treatment journal. The data were downloaded to a dedicated computer using radio‐frequency identification (RFID) technology, and the information was compared to the data in the participant's journal.ResultsThe mean objective wearing time, as detected by the compliance monitor, was found to be 6.6 ± 1.6 hours/night. The mean subjective wearing time, as recorded by the participants, was 6.5 ± 1.5 hours/night. The correlation between subjective and objective times was 0.9985. The use of the test appliance by this sample population was 68.7% with a range of 24% to 100%. Participants reported a range of adverse outcomes related to the MRD consistent with those reported in the literature and were found to be transient in nature.ConclusionsThis study supports previously reported usage times and adverse outcomes. The compliance monitor showed a very high linear correlation between subjective and objective data, validating its use in future compliance studies.
Clinically determined and self‐reported dental status during and after pregnancy among low‐income Hispanic women
Authors: Weintraub Jane A. , Finlayson Tracy L. , Gansky Stuart A. , Santo William , Ramos‐Gomez Francisco 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis analysis assessed, during and 1 year after pregnancy: a) the prevalence of and relationship between self‐reported and clinically determined dental caries and oral health status, and whether self‐reports are a potential proxy for professional determination; and b) factors associated with high levels of professionally determined or self‐reported oral disease.MethodsData are from a randomized clinical trial of 301 pregnant, low‐income Hispanic women at the California–Mexico border to compare two interventions to prevent early childhood caries. Interviews and dental examinations were conducted at enrollment (second trimester) and 1‐year postpartum (PP).ResultsDuring pregnancy and PP, 93 percent had untreated caries and most had gingival inflammation. Sensitivity and specificity of self‐reported measures compared to dentists' determinations were modest (ranging from 45‐80 percent for sensitivity and 41‐77 percent for specificity at both time points); positive predictive values for women reporting current tooth decay or fair/poor oral health were high (>94 percent), but negative predictive values were low (<23 percent). In a bivariate GEE model, factors associated with fair/poor self‐reported oral health during and after pregnancy included self‐reported dental symptoms (current tooth decay, bleeding gums without brushing), dental behaviors (not flossing) and number of decayed tooth surfaces. In a logistic regression model, the only significant factor PP associated with less extensive untreated disease was if women ever had their teeth cleaned professionally (OR = 0.44).ConclusionsThere is a great need for dental treatment in this underserved population both during pregnancy and PP. Women may not be able to accurately recognize or act on their treatment needs. At baseline and PP, few demographic or behavioral factors were associated with either self‐reported or clinically determined oral disease (e.g., being less educated or acculturated and not flossing) in the bivariate analyses. Ever having a professional teeth cleaning significantly predicted less disease PP.
Sonographic features of gastrointestinal lymphoma in 15 dogs
Authors: Frances M. , Lane A. E. , Lenard Z. M. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to describe the sonographic appearance of lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs.MethodA retrospective review was conducted and patients with gastrointestinal lymphoma diagnosed by histopathology (including immunohistochemistry, where available) or cytology that had an abdominal ultrasound were included.ResultsFour of 15 (26·7%) cases with histopathologically confirmed lymphoma exhibited no sonographic abnormalities. In the dogs with sonographic abnormalities, features including intestinal wall thickness and the presence or absence of wall layering were highly variable. Clinical signs pertaining to the gastrointestinal tract were also unreliable markers of gastrointestinal lymphoma, with weight loss, vomiting, and diarrhoea being uncommon presenting complaints; intestinal obstruction was not present in any patient.Clinical SignificanceThe sonographic appearance of gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs is non‐specific. Gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs should be maintained as a differential diagnosis despite a sonographically normal appearing bowel.
Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in plasma and milk samples after a single subcutaneous injection in lactating goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Grismer B. , Rowe J. D. , Carlson J. , Wetzlich S. E. , Tell L. A. 
Published: July 2013

Eight adult female dairy goats received one subcutaneous administration of tulathromycin at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Blood and milk samples were assayed for tulathromycin and the common fragment of tulathromycin, respectively, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic disposition of tulathromycin was analyzed by a noncompartmental approach. Mean plasma pharmacokinetic parameters (±SD) following single‐dose administration of tulathromycin were as follows: Cmax (121.54 ± 19.01 ng/mL); Tmax (12 ± 12–24 h); area under the curve AUC0→∞ (8324.54 ± 1706.56 ng·h/mL); terminal‐phase rate constant λz (0.01 ± 0.002 h−1); and terminal‐phase rate constant half‐life t1/2λz (67.20 h; harmonic). Mean milk pharmacokinetic parameters (±SD) following 45 days of sampling were as follows: Cmax (1594 ± 379.23 ng/mL); Tmax (12 ± 12–36 h); AUC0→∞ (72,250.51 ± 18,909.57 ng·h/mL); λz (0.005 ± 0.001 h−1); and t1/2λz (155.28 h; harmonic). All goats had injection‐site reactions that diminished in size over time. The conclusions from this study were that tulathromycin residues are detectable in milk samples from adult goats for at least 45 days following subcutaneous administration, this therapeutic option should be reserved for cases where other treatment options have failed, and goat milk should be withheld from the human food chain for at least 45 days following tulathromycin administration.
Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole following intravenous and oral administration to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Authors: Black L. A. , Krockenberger M. B. , Kimble B. , Govendir M. 
Published: July 2013

Clinically normal koalas (n = 12) received a single dose of 10 mg/kg fluconazole orally (p.o.; n = 6) or intravenously (i.v.; n = 6). Serial plasma samples were collected over 24 h, and fluconazole concentrations were determined using a validated HPLC assay. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Following i.v. administration, median (range) plasma clearance (CL) and steady‐state volume of distribution (Vss) were 0.31 (0.11–0.55) L/h/kg and 0.92 (0.38–1.40) L/kg, respectively. The elimination half‐life (t1/2) was much shorter than in many species (i.v.: median 2.25, range 0.98–6.51 h; p.o.: 4.69, range 2.47–8.01 h), and oral bioavailability was low and variable (median 0.53, range 0.20–0.97). Absorption rate‐limited disposition was evident. Plasma protein binding was 39.5 ± 3.5%. Although fluconazole volume of distribution (Varea) displayed an allometric relationship with other mammals, CL and t1/2 did not. Allometrically scaled values were approximately sevenfold lower (CL) and sixfold higher (t1/2) than observed values, highlighting flaws associated with this technique in physiologically distinct species. On the basis of fAUC/MIC pharmacodynamic targets, fluconazole is predicted to be ineffective against Cryptococcus gattii in the koala as a sole therapeutic agent administered at 10 mg/kg p.o. every 12 h.
Next‐generation QTL mapping: crowdsourcing SNPs, without pedigrees
Authors: Edwards Scott V. 
Published: July 2013

For many molecular ecologists, the mantra and mission of the field of ecological genomics could be encapsulated by the phrase ‘to find the genes that matter’ (Mitchell‐Olds ; Rockman ). This phrase of course refers to the early hope and current increasing success in the search for genes whose variation underlies phenotypic variation and fitness in natural populations. In the years since the modern incarnation of the field of ecological genomics, many would agree that the low‐hanging fruit has, at least in principle, been plucked: we now have several elegant examples of genes whose variation influences key adaptive traits in natural populations, and these examples have revealed important insights into the architecture of adaptive variation (Hoekstra et al. ; Shapiro et al. ; Chan et al. ). But how well will these early examples, often involving single genes of large effect on discrete or near‐discrete phenotypes, represent the dynamics of adaptive change for the totality of phenotypes in nature? Will traits exhibiting continuous rather than discrete variation in natural populations have as simple a genetic basis as these early examples suggest (Prasad et al. ; Rockman )? Two papers in this issue (Robinson et al. ; Santure et al. ) not only suggest answers to these questions but also provide useful extensions of statistical approaches for ecological geneticists to study the genetics of continuous variation in nature. Together these papers, by the same research groups studying evolution in a natural population of Great Tits (Parus major), provide a glimpse of what we should expect as the field begins to dissect the genetic basis of what is arguably the most common type of variation in nature, and how genome‐wide surveys of variation can be applied to natural populations without pedigrees.
Multianticipative Nonlocal Macroscopic Traffic Model
Authors: Ngoduy D. , Wilson R. E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMultianticipative driving behavior, where a vehicle reacts to many vehicles in front, has been extensively studied and modeled using a car‐following (i.e., microscopic) approach. A lot of effort has been undertaken to model such multianticipative driving behavior using a macroscopic approach, which is useful for real‐time prediction and control applications due to its fast computational demand. However, these macroscopic models have increasingly failed with an increased number of anticipations. To this end, this article puts forward derivation of an improved macroscopic model for multianticipative driving behavior using a modified gas‐kinetic approach. First, the basic (microscopic) generalized force model, which has been claimed to fit well with real traffic data, is chosen for the derivation. Second, the derivation method relaxes the condition that deceleration happens instantaneously. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations of the model are carried out to show the improved performance of the derived model over the existing (multianticipative) macroscopic models.
Topical Application of a Vitamin D Analogue Exacerbates Atopic Dermatitis and Induces the Atopic Dermatitis‐like Phenotype in Stat6VT Mice
Authors: Turner Matthew J. , DaSilva‐Arnold Sonia C. , Yi Qiaofang , Mehrotra Purvi , Kaplan Mark H. , Travers Jeffrey B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCalcipotriene is a topical vitamin D3 analogue approved for the treatment of plaque and scalp psoriasis. We report the case of a 2‐year‐old boy whose atopic dermatitis (AD) flared in response to application of calcipotriene 0.005% cream and solution for a mistaken diagnosis of plaque and scalp psoriasis. We investigated whether the patient's eruption was secondary to an allergic contact dermatitis. In the Stat6VT mouse model of AD we tested whether calcipotriene could induce the otherwise‐spontaneous AD‐like phenotype. Closed patch testing was done on the patient with calcipotriene solution and cream, moisturizing cream, and 51% isopropanol. Stat6VT and wild‐type (WT) mice were treated for 7 days with calcipotriene solution or vehicle (isopropanol) applied to the right and left upper back skin, respectively, after which mice were followed longitudinally for 10 weeks. Biopsy specimens from prior treatment sites were then collected for histology and RNA isolation. RNA was analyzed for interleukin (IL‐4) expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Patch testing was negative. Stat6VT mice, in contrast to WT mice, developed a persistent eczematous dermatitis at sites of calcipotriene application. Clinical and histologic features and high IL‐4 transcript levels were consistent with the spontaneous AD‐like phenotype seen in Stat6VT mice. At sites of active disease, calcipotriene can worsen a flare of AD. In Stat6VT mice, calcipotriene can induce the AD‐like phenotype.
Light‐induced systemic regulation of photosynthesis in primary and trifoliate leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris: effects of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) versus spectrum
Authors: Murakami K. , Matsuda R. , Fujiwara K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe objectives of this work using Phaseolus vulgaris were to examine whether the light spectrum incident on mature primary leaves (PLs) is related to leaf‐to‐leaf systemic regulation of developing trifoliate leaves (TLs) in photosynthetic characteristics, and to investigate the relative importance of spectrum and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in light‐induced systemic regulation. Systemic regulation was induced by altering PPFD and the spectrum of light incident on PLs using a shading treatment and lighting treatments including either white, blue, green or red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Photosynthetic characteristics were evaluated by measuring the light‐limited and light‐saturated net photosynthetic rates and the amounts of nitrogen (N), chlorophyll (Chl) and ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39). Shading treatment on PLs decreased the amounts of N, Chl and Rubisco of TLs and tended to decrease the photosynthetic rates. However, we observed no systemic effects induced by the light spectrum on PLs in this study, except that a higher amount of Rubisco of TLs was observed when the PLs were irradiated with blue LEDs. Our results imply that photoreceptors in mature leaves have little influence on photosynthetic rates and amounts of N and Chl of developing leaves through systemic regulation, although the possibility of the action of blue light irradiation on the amount of Rubisco cannot be ruled out. Based on these results, we concluded that the light spectrum incident on mature leaves has little systemic effect on developing leaves in terms of photosynthetic characteristics and that the light‐induced systemic regulation was largely accounted for by PPFD.
Soilless cultivation of soybean for Bioregenerative Life‐Support Systems: a literature review and the experience of the MELiSSA Project – Food characterisation Phase I
Authors: Paradiso R. , De Micco V. , Buonomo R. , Aronne G. , Barbieri G. , De Pascale S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHigher plants play a key role in Bioregenerative Life‐Support Systems (BLSS) for long‐term missions in space, by regenerating air through photosynthetic CO2 absorption and O2 emission, recovering water through transpiration and recycling waste products through mineral nutrition. In addition, plants could provide fresh food to integrate into the crew diet and help to preserve astronauts' wellbeing. The ESA programme Micro‐Ecological Life‐Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) aims to conceive an artificial bioregenerative ecosystem for resources regeneration, based on both microorganisms and higher plants. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the four candidate species studied for soilless (hydroponic) cultivation in MELiSSA, because of the high nutritional value of the seeds. Within the MELiSSA programme – Food characterisation Phase I, the aim of the research carried out on soybean at the University of Naples was to select the most suitable European cultivars for cultivation in BLSS. In this context, a concise review on the state‐of‐the‐art of soybean cultivation in space‐oriented experiments and a summary of research activity for the preliminary theoretical selection and subsequent agronomical evaluation of four cultivars will be presented in this paper.
Analysis of Self‐selection Bias in a Population‐based Cohort Study of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Nilsen Roy M. , Surén Pål , Gunnes Nina , Alsaker Elin R. , Bresnahan Michaeline , Hirtz Deborah , Hornig Mady , Lie Kari Kveim , Lipkin W. Ian , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Roth Christine , Schjølberg Synnve , Davey Smith George , Susser Ezra , Vollset Stein Emil , Øyen Anne‐Siri , Magnus Per , Stoltenberg Camilla 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined potential self‐selection bias in a large pregnancy cohort by comparing exposure‐outcome associations from the cohort to similar associations obtained from nationwide registry data. The outcome under study was specialist‐confirmed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).MethodsThe cohort sample (n = 89 836) was derived from the population‐based prospective Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and its substudy of ASDs, the Autism Birth Cohort (ABC) study. The nationwide registry data were derived from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (n = 507 856). The children were born in 1999–2007, and seven prenatal and perinatal exposures were selected for analyses.ResultsASDs were reported for 234 (0.26%) children in the cohort and 2072 (0.41%) in the nationwide population. Compared with the nationwide population, the cohort had an under‐representation of the youngest women (<25 years), those who had single status, mothers who smoked during pregnancy, and non‐users of prenatal folic acid supplements. The ratios of the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) in the cohort over the adjusted ORs in the nationwide population were as follows; primipara pregnancy: 1.39/1.22, prenatal folic acid use: 0.85/0.86, prenatal smoking: 1.20/1.17, preterm birth (<37 weeks): 1.48/1.42, low birthweight (<2500 g): 1.60/1.58, male sex: 4.39/4.59 (unadjusted only); and caesarean section history: 1.03/1.04.ConclusionsAssociations estimated between ASDs and perinatal and prenatal exposures in the cohort are close to those estimated in the nationwide population. Self‐selection does not appear to compromise validity of exposure‐outcome associations in the ABC study.
Peer and Friend Influences on Children's Eating
Authors: Houldcroft Laura , Haycraft Emma , Farrow Claire 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPeers and friends are perceived as important role models for the formation of children's attitudes and behaviours. A wealth of research has aimed to establish the contribution of peers and friends to children's developing eating behaviours, and their attitudes towards eating. This review describes and evaluates such research. Experimental research examining peer modelling of food consumption and liking is reviewed, and several individual child factors that are suggested to make children more or less receptive to peer and friend influences are discussed. The influence of children's perceptions of their peers’ and friends’ eating behaviours upon their own eating practices is also explored. The benefits of future longitudinal research to improve understanding of peer and friend influences on children's eating are emphasized.
Development of Ego‐resiliency: Relations to Observed Parenting and Polymorphisms in the Serotonin Transporter Gene During Early Childhood
Authors: Taylor Zoe E. , Sulik Michael J. , Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L. , Silva Kassondra M. , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn , Stover Daryn A. , Verrelli Brian C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe used observed parenting behaviors, along with genetic variants and haplotypes of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), as predictors of children's ego‐resiliency during early childhood (N = 153). The quality of mothers' parenting was observed at 18 months of age, and mothers' reports of ego‐resiliency were collected at six time points from 18 to 84 months. Genetic data were collected at 72 months. Observed parenting was positively associated with initial levels of children's ego‐resiliency. Furthermore, although individual genetic variants of the serotonin transporter gene (LPR, STin2) were not associated with ego‐resiliency, the S10 haplotype (that combines information from these two variants) was negatively associated with initial levels of ego‐resiliency. Both parenting and serotonin genetic variation uniquely predicted children's ego‐resiliency, suggesting an additive effect of genetic and parental factors.
Increased susceptibility for aspergillosis and post‐transplant immune deficiency in patients with gene variants of TLR4 after stem cell transplantation
Authors: Koldehoff M. , Beelen D.W. , Elmaagacli A.H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionToll‐like receptors (TLRs) detect invading pathogens through several pattern‐recognition mechanisms and play a central role in the regulation of the immune system. In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the frequent opportunistic fungal infections remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity in these highly immunocompromised patients.MethodsWe analyzed 154 patients after allogeneic HSCT for acute leukemia for TLR4 gene variants 1063A/G (D299G) and 1363C/T (T399I) with their respective donors, and correlated the results with the incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) infection after transplant.ResultsProbable and proven IA in recipients was significantly increased if either recipients or donors exhibited one of the two TLR4 gene variants. In addition, recipients with TLR gene variants and IA showed a delayed T cell and NKT cell immune reconstitution after transplant. Increased susceptibility for IA was not associated with an increased rate of death‐in‐remission or decreased estimate for overall survival.ConclusionThese findings reinforce the importance of genetic variants in innate immunity and IA among the recipients of allogeneic HSCT.