bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Deficit and Mental Health in Homeless Transition-Age Youth
Authors: Saperstein Alice M. , Lee Seonjoo , Ronan Elizabeth J. , Seeman Rachael S. , Medalia Alice 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:There is increasing recognition of the cognitive consequences of socioeconomic adversity during childhood, which can impair learning and negatively affect social and emotional development. However, there is a paucity of research on cognitive functioning and mental health among transition-age homeless youth. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by examining the prevalence and functional significance of cognitive impairment and mental health disorders in a sample of 18- to 22-year-old homeless youth.METHODS:Participants (N = 73) were recruited from a vocational support program at Covenant House New York, a care agency for homeless youth. Assessments included diagnostic assessment for mental health disorders and evaluation of neurocognition and vocational outcomes.RESULTS:Youth demonstrated histories of academic instability, academic achievement below expectation, and high rates of untreated psychiatric disorders, the most prominent of which were anxiety, substance use, and mood disorders. Of those who had a mental health diagnosis, more than half demonstrated cognitive deficits. Performance on measures of working memory and verbal memory was &lt;70% of that of the age-matched normative population. Cognitive impairment was associated with a significant risk for making a wage insufficient for independent living.CONCLUSIONS:These data confirm the need to focus on cognitive as well as emotional and physical health in transition-age youth. Comprehensive intervention at this later developmental stage has the potential to facilitate the acquisition of skills needed for academic, vocational, and independent living success in adulthood.
Readmissions Among Children Previously Hospitalized With Pneumonia
Authors: Neuman Mark I. , Hall Matthew , Gay James C. , Blaschke Anne J. , Williams Derek J. , Parikh Kavita , Hersh Adam L. , Brogan Thomas V. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and readmission in children. Understanding the patient characteristics associated with pneumonia readmissions is necessary to inform interventions to reduce avoidable hospitalizations and related costs. The objective of this study was to characterize readmission rates, and identify factors and costs associated with readmission among children previously hospitalized with pneumonia.METHODS:Retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized with pneumonia at the 43 hospitals included in the Pediatric Health Information System between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2011. The primary outcome was all-cause readmission within 30 days after hospital discharge, and the secondary outcome was pneumonia-specific readmission. We used multivariable regression models to identify patient and hospital characteristics and costs associated with readmission.RESULTS:A total of 82 566 children were hospitalized with pneumonia (median age, 3 years; interquartile range 1–7). Thirty-day all-cause and pneumonia-specific readmission rates were 7.7% and 3.1%, respectively. Readmission rates were higher among children &lt;1 year of age, as well as in patients with previous hospitalizations, longer index hospitalizations, and complicated pneumonia. Children with chronic medical conditions were more likely to experience all-cause (odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 2.8–3.2) and pneumonia-specific readmission (odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.7–2.0) compared with children without chronic medical conditions. The median cost of a readmission ($11 344) was higher than that of an index admission ($4495; P = .01). Readmissions occurred in 8% of pneumonia hospitalizations but accounted for 16.3% of total costs for all pneumonia hospitalizations.CONCLUSIONS:Readmissions are common after hospitalization for pneumonia, especially among young children and those with chronic medical conditions, and are associated with substantial costs.
Death of a Child in the Emergency Department
Authors: O’Malley Patricia , Barata Isabel , Snow Sally ,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine,   AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS Pediatric Emergency Medicine Committee,   and EMERGENCY NURSES ASSOCIATION Pediatric Committee, Shook Joan E. , Ackerman Alice D. , Chun Thomas H. , Conners Gregory P. , Dudley Nanette C. , Fuchs Susan M. , Gorelick Marc H. , Lane Natalie E. , Moore Brian R. , Wright Joseph L. , Benjamin Lee S. , Barata Isabel A. , Alade Kiyetta , Arms Joseph , Avarello Jahn T. , Baldwin Steven , Brown Kathleen , Cantor Richard M. , Cohen Ariel , Dietrich Ann Marie , Eakin Paul J. , Gausche-Hill Marianne , Gerardi Michael , Graham Charles J. , Holtzman Doug K. , Hom Jeffrey , Ishimine Paul , Jinivizian Hasmig , Joseph Madeline , Mehta Sanjay , Ojo Aderonke , Paul Audrey Z. , Pauze Denis R. , Pearson Nadia M. , Rosen Brett , Russell W. Scott , Saidinejad Mohsen , Sloas Harold A. , Schwartz Gerald R. , Swenson Orel , Valente Jonathan H. , Waseem Muhammad , Whiteman Paula J. , Woolridge Dale , Snow Sally K. , Vicioso Michael , Nagle Jason T. , Renaker Anne M. , Tomoyasu Flora , Cadwell Sue , Herrin Shari , Brecher Deena 
Published: June 2014

This Technical Report was reaffirmed November 2024.
The death of a child in the emergency department (ED) is one of the most challenging problems facing ED clinicians. This revised technical report and accompanying policy statement reaffirm principles of patient- and family-centered care. Recent literature is examined regarding family presence, termination of resuscitation, bereavement responsibilities of ED clinicians, support of child fatality review efforts, and other issues inherent in caring for the patient, family, and staff when a child dies in the ED. Appendices are provided that offer an approach to bereavement activities in the ED, carrying out forensic responsibilities while providing compassionate care, communicating the news of the death of a child in the acute setting, providing a closing ritual at the time of terminating resuscitation efforts, and managing the child with a terminal condition who presents near death in the ED.
Bioinspired Functionally Graded Nanocomposites Synthesized Through Magnetophoretic Processes for Tailored Stress Reduction
Authors: Nardi Tommaso , Leterrier Yves , Månson Jan-Anders E. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThrough a unique combination of magnetophoretic and photopolymerization processes, approximately 150 μm thick functionally graded films based on a UV-curable matrix and containing Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles are synthesized. Owing to their continuous composition gradients and to the considerable variations in elastic modulus (up to ≈70 %) when going from particle-depleted to particle-enriched regions, such materials are highly efficient in reducing the mechanical stress arising from thermal variations, therefore improving the material efficiency towards durability and delamination problems.
Polyphosphate‐ and Glycogen‐Accumulating Organisms in One EBPR System for Liquid Dairy Manure
Authors: Liu Ze‐hua , Pruden Amy , Ogejo Jactone Arogo , Knowlton Katharine F. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT: Two enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sequencing batch reactors (SBR1, SBR2) treating liquid dairy manure were operated with the same hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solids retention time (SRT), but with different aeration cycles. During eight months of operation, both SBRs achieved good removal of total phosphorus (P) (TP; 56.8 and 73.5% for SBR1 and SBR2 respectively) and of orthophosphate (OP; 76.2 vs. 82.7%, P < 0.05). Growth dynamics of presumptive phosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen‐accumulating organisms (GAOs) were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). SBR1 was enriched with a greater abundance of PAOs while SBR2 was characterized by a greater abundance of GAOs. These results demonstrate the capability of EBPR of dairy manure and challenge conventional wisdom, since greater abundance of PAOs in EBPR system was not associated with improved OP removal and greater abundance of GAOs did not indicate deterioration of the EBPR system.
Methylmercury Accumulation and Toxicity to Cyanobacteria: Implications of Extracellural Polymeric Substances and Growth Properties
Authors: Chen Ho‐Wen , Wu Yi‐Yan , Li You‐Xuan , Huang Winn‐Jung 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT: This investigation examines how extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and environmental factors influence the bioaccumulation of monomethylmercury (MMeHg) using a culture of Microcystis aeruginosa, which dominates eutrophic reservoir populations. The identified EPSs were classified as carbohydrates and proteins. Evaluation of the bioaccumulation of MMeHg in cells by multiple regression analysis reveals that the concentration of EPSs in filtrate, the initial concentration of MMeHg in media, and the age of the culture significantly affected the amount of accumulation of MMeHg. Based on the composition profiles, the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were significantly higher in the cells with bioaccumulated MMeHg than in the control ones. Preliminary results based on SEM‐map investigations suggest that most of the MMeHg accumulated in the cytoplasm (intracellular). Additionally, the effective concentrations (EC50) of MMeHg that inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa were 5.1 to 7.8 μg/L in the logarithmic phase and 2.5 to 4.6 μg/L in the stationary phase.
Effect of Salsalate on Insulin Action, Secretion, and Clearance in Nondiabetic, Insulin-Resistant Individuals: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Kim Sun H. , Liu Alice , Ariel Danit , Abbasi Fahim , Lamendola Cindy , Grove Kaylene , Tomasso Vanessa , Ochoa Hector , Reaven Gerald 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
Salsalate treatment has been shown to improve glucose homeostasis, but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salsalate treatment on insulin action, secretion, and clearance rate in nondiabetic individuals with insulin resistance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a randomized (2:1), single-blind, placebo-controlled study of salsalate (3.5 g daily for 4 weeks) in nondiabetic individuals with insulin resistance. All individuals had measurement of glucose tolerance (75-g oral glucose tolerance test), steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG; insulin suppression test), and insulin secretion and clearance rate (graded-glucose infusion test) before and after treatment.

RESULTS
Forty-one individuals were randomized to salsalate (n = 27) and placebo (n = 14). One individual from each group discontinued the study. Salsalate improved fasting (% mean change −7% [95% CI −10 to −14] vs. 1% [−3 to 5], P = 0.005) but not postprandial glucose concentration compared with placebo. Salsalate also lowered fasting triglyceride concentration (−25% [−34 to −15] vs. −6% [−26 to 14], P = 0.04). Salsalate had no effect on SSPG concentration or insulin secretion rate but significantly decreased insulin clearance rate compared with placebo (−23% [−30 to −16] vs. 3% [−10 to 15], P &lt; 0.001). Salsalate was well tolerated, but four individuals needed a dose reduction due to symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
Salsalate treatment in nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals improved fasting, but not postprandial, glucose and triglyceride concentration. These improvements were associated with a decrease in insulin clearance rate without change in insulin action or insulin secretion.
Evaluation of an improved sustained-release buprenorphine formulation for use in mice
Authors: Healy Jason R. , Tonkin Jennifer L. , Kamarec Stacey R. , Saludes Mitchell A. , Ibrahim Sherif Y. , Matsumoto Rae R. , Wimsatt Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate analgesic effects of an improved sustained-release buprenorphine (BUP-SR) formulation administered to mice.
Animals—36 male Swiss-Webster mice.
Procedures—Mice were assigned to each of 3 treatment groups (n = 12 mice/group). Treatments were administered SC (vehicle [control treatment], 1.5 mg of buprenorphine hydrochloride [BUP-HCl]/kg, and 1.5 mg of BUP-SR/kg). Mice were evaluated (total activity, gastrointestinal tract motility, respiratory rate, cataleptic behavior, and tall-flick and hot plate nociception tests) to determine behavioral and physiologic responses at 4, 24, and 48 hours after treatment administration. Body weight and respiratory rate were measured before and at each time point after treatment administration.
Results—SC administration of BUP-SR resulted in significant antinociception effects for 48 hours for the hot plate and tall-flick nociception tests without substantial adverse effects. Gastrointestinal tract motility and total activity were higher at 4 hours for mice receiving BUP-SR than for mice receiving the vehicle, but values were the same between these groups at 24 and 48 hours. The BUP-SR group had a lower respiratory rate than did the control group at all times after treatment administration. Mice treated with BUP-SR had no significant changes in body weight during the study, whereas mice treated with BUP-HCl had a significant decrease in body weight at 24 and 48 hours.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—BUP-SR administration resulted in antinociception effects for 48 hours. Results of this study indicated that the improved BUP-SR formulation could be safely administered SC and conferred superior analgesia, compared with that for BUP-HCl, in mice.
Characterization of IgE-mediated cutaneous immediate and late-phase reactions in nonallergic horses
Authors: Woodward Michelle C. , Andrews Frank M. , Kearney Michael T. , Del Piero Fabio , Hammerberg Bruce , Pucheu-Haston Cherie M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the response of skin of nonallergic horses following ID injection of polyclonal rabbit anti-canine IgE (anti-IgE) and rabbit IgG.
Animals—6 healthy horses.
Procedures—Skin in the cervical area was injected ID with anti-IgE and IgG. Wheal measurements and skin biopsy specimens were obtained before and 20 minutes and 6, 24, and 48 hours after injection. Tissue sections were evaluated for inflammatory cells at 4 dermal depths. Immunohistochemical analysis for CD3, CD4, and CD8 was performed, and cell counts were evaluated.
Results—Anti-IgE wheals were significantly larger than IgG wheals at 20 minutes and 6 and 24 hours after injection. There were significantly more degranulated mast cells after anti-IgE injection than after IgG injection. There were significantly more eosinophils at 6, 24, and 48 hours and neutrophils at 6 hours after anti-IgE injection, compared with cell numbers at those same times after IgG injection. There were significantly more eosinophils in the deeper dermis of anti-IgE samples, compared with results for IgG samples. No significant differences between treatments were detected for CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ cells.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Injection of anti-IgE antibodies was associated with the development of gross and microscopic inflammation characterized by mast cell degranulation and accumulation of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils and neutrophils. This pattern appeared to be similar to that of horses with naturally developing allergic skin disease, although lymphocytes were not increased; thus, ID injection of anti-IgE in horses may be of use for evaluating allergic skin diseases of horses.
Direct comparison of solid-phase gastric emptying times assessed by means of a carbon isotope–labeled sodium acetate breath test and technetium Tc 99m albumin colloid radioscintigraphy in healthy cats
Authors: Schmitz Silke , Götte Birte , Borsch Christian , Kunz Clemens , Failing Klaus , Neiger Reto 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective—To directly compare solid-phase gastric emptying times assessed by means of a [13C]sodium acetate breath test ([13C]-SABT) and technetium Tc 99m albumin colloid radioscintigraphy (99mTc-ACR) in healthy cats.
Animals—12 healthy cats.
Procedure—After ingestion of a test meal containing 50 mg of [13C]sodium acetate and 250 MBq of 99mTc-albumin colloid, each cat underwent simultaneous [13C]-SABT and 99mTc-ACR on 2 consecutive days. Breath samples and scintigrams were acquired at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, 360, 480, and 600 minutes after meal ingestion. Quartiles of gastric emptying (25%, 50%, and 75%) were calculated for breath test analysis by use of the area under the curve of the 13C:12C ratio. Quartiles of gastric emptying times were extrapolated from the scintigraphic findings by beans of nonlinear curve regression analysis.
Results—Mean ± SD gastric half-emptying (50%) times obtained with [13C]-SABT and 99mTc-ACR, were 239 ± 28 minutes and 276 ± 59 minutes, respectively. A 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that mean gastric emptying times determined with [13C]-SABT and 99mTc-ACR differed significantly. For the stages of gastric emptying, Pearson correlation between the 2 methods was good at 25% (r = 0.655) and weak at 50% (r = 0.588) and 75% (r = 0.566)of gastric emptying.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the [13C]-SABT can be a valid alternative to 99mTc-ACR in healthy cats; it was easy to perform, was tolerated well by the cats, and had acceptable correlation to scintigraphic findings at gastric emptying of 25%, 50% and 75%. Studies in cats with delayed gastric emptying will be needed to verify the validity of the [13C]-SABT.
Effects of meloxicam and phenylbutazone on renal responses to furosemide, dobutamine, and exercise in horses
Authors: Raidal Sharanne L. , Hughes Kris J. , Charman Amanda-Lee , Nielsen Sharon G. , Phillips Jacqueline K. , Noble Glenys K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective—To compare the effects of 2 NSAIDs (phenylbutazone and meloxicam) on renal function in horses.
Animals—9 Thoroughbred or Standardbred mares (mean ± SD age, 5.22 ± 1.09 years [range, 2 to 12 years]; mean body weight, 470 ± 25 kg [range, 442 to 510 kg]).
Procedures—A randomized blinded placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted to examine the effects of treatment with phenylbutazone, meloxicam, or a placebo (control solution) on renal responses to the administration of furosemide, dobutamine, and exercise (15 minutes at 60% of maximum heart rate). Renal function was assessed by use of bilateral ureteral catheterization for simultaneous determination of creatinine clearance, sodium excretion, and urine flow rate.
Results—Both phenylbutazone and meloxicam attenuated diuresis and natriuresis and reduced glomerular filtration rate, compared with results for the control solution, when horses were treated with furosemide. Mean arterial blood pressure, urine flow rate, and glomerular filtration rate were increased during or after (or both) dobutamine infusion. Both NSAIDs reduced urine flow rate and sodium excretion associated with dobutamine infusion and exercise but had no effect on glomerular filtration rate.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Responses to meloxicam, a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 preferential agent, appeared comparable to those detected after phenylbutazone treatment, which suggested that COX-2 was the mediator of prostanoid-induced changes to renal function in horses and indicated that COX-2–preferential agents would be likely to have adverse renal effects similar to those for nonselective COX inhibitors in volume-depleted horses.
Effects of staple size, tissue thickness, and precompression time on staple shape in side-to-side jejunocecal anastomosis in specimens obtained from healthy horses at an abattoir
Authors: Giusto Gessica , Gandini Marco , Amedeo Stefano 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of staple size, precompression time, and tissue thickness on staple shape and tissue approximation in side-to-side jejunocecal anastomosis in equine specimens.
Sample—Cecum, ileum, and jejunum specimens obtained from 18 healthy horses at an abattoir.
Procedures—Specimens were allotted into 2 groups. Anastomoses were stapled with 4.8-or 3.8-mm staples. Precompression time was 15 seconds for both groups. Staple lines were cut into proximal, middle, and distal sections. Thickness of intestinal walls was measured with a calibrated tissue micrometer, photographs were obtained, and intestinal tissues were digested. An investigator measured staples and assessed the shape of staples on high-definition digital images. Number of optimally shaped staples and staple height were compared among sections and between groups.
Results—Use of 4.8-mm staples resulted in poor approximation of tissues in the distal sections of anastomoses. The percentage of optimally shaped staples was 538 of 551 (97.6%) and 616 of 634 (97.2%) for 4.8- and 3.8-mm staples, respectively. The percentage of optimally shaped staples did not differ significantly between groups for the same sections. There was a lower percentage of optimally shaped staples in the distal sections than in the proximal and middle sections of each group. Mean staple height did not differ significantly among sections of each group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of 3.8-mm staples with an adequate precompression time for jejunocecal anastomosis in horses resulted in proper staple shape. These findings could be used to improve the technique and outcome for stapled jejunocecal anastomoses in horses.
Differentiation of canine adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells towards endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Kang Byung-Jae , Lee Seung Hoon , Kweon Oh-Kyeong , Cho Je-Yoel 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the differentiation of canine adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).
Animals—3 healthy adult Beagles.
Procedures—Canine ASCs were isolated and cultured from adipose tissue, and endothelial differentiation was induced by culturing ASCs in differentiation medium. Morphological and immunophenotypic changes were monitored. Expression of endothelial-specific markers was analyzed by conventional and real-time RT-PCR assay. The in vitro and in vivo functional characteristics of the endothelial-like cells induced from canine ASCs were evaluated by use of an in vitro solubilized basement membrane tube assay, low-density lipoprotein uptake assay, and in vivo solubilized basement membrane plug assay.
Results—After differentiation culture, the cells developed morphological changes, expressed EPC markers such as CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and revealed functional characteristics in vitro. Furthermore, the induced cells allowed vessel formation in solubilized basement membrane plugs in vivo.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that canine ASCs developed EPC characteristics when stimulated by differentiation medium with growth factors. Thus, differentiated canine ASC-EPCs may have the potential to provide vascularization for constructs used in regenerative medicine strategies.
Optimal Reorientation Of Spacecraft Orbit
Authors: Chelnokov Yuriy Nikolaevich , Pankratov Ilya Alekseevich , Sapunkov Yakov Grigorievich 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The problem of optimal reorientation of the spacecraft orbit is considered. For solving the problem we used quaternion equations of motion written in rotating coordinate system. The use of quaternion variables makes this consideration more efficient. The problem of optimal control is solved on the basis of the maximum principle. An example of numerical solution of the problem is given.