bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full counting statistics of 1d short range Riesz gases in confinement
Authors: Kethepalli Jitendra , Kulkarni Manas , Kundu Anupam , Majumdar Satya N , Mukamel David , Schehr Grégory 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigate the full counting statistics of a harmonically confined 1d short range Riesz gas consisting of N particles in equilibrium at finite temperature. The particles interact with each other through a repulsive power-law interaction with an exponent k > 1 which includes the Calogero–Moser model for k = 2. We examine the probability distribution of the number of particles in a finite domain

[
−
W
,
W
]

called number distribution, denoted by

N

(
W
,
N
)

. We analyze the probability distribution of

N

(
W
,
N
)

and show that it exhibits a large deviation form for large N characterized by a speed

N

3
k
+
2

k
+
2

and by a large deviation function (LDF) of the fraction

c
=

N

(
W
,
N
)

/

N

of the particles inside the domain and W. We show that the density profiles that create the large deviations display interesting shape transitions as one varies c and W. This is manifested by a third-order phase transition exhibited by the LDF that has discontinuous third derivatives. Monte–Carlo simulations based on Metropolis–Hashtings (MH) algorithm show good agreement with our analytical expressions for the corresponding density profiles. We find that the typical fluctuations of

N

(
W
,
N
)

, obtained from our field theoretic calculations are Gaussian distributed with a variance that scales as

N

ν
k

, with

ν
k

=
(
2
−
k
)

/

(
2
+
k
)

. We also present some numerical findings on the mean and the variance. Furthermore, we adapt our formalism to study the index distribution (where the domain is semi-infinite

(
−
∞
,
W
]
)

, linear statistics (the variance), thermodynamic pressure and bulk modulus.
Towards higher load capacity: innovative design of a robotic hand with soft jointed structure
Authors: Guan Ming , Qu Chenxi , Yang Liang , Lv Jiliang , Li Fenglei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the innovative design of a robotic hand with soft jointed structure is carried out and a tendon-driven mechanism, a master-slave motor coordinated drive mechanism, a thumb coupling transmission mechanism and a thumb steering mechanism are proposed. These innovative designs allow for more effective actuation in each finger, enhancing the load capacity of the robotic hand while maintaining key performance indicators such as dexterity and adaptability. A mechanical model of the robotic finger was made to determine the application limitations and load capacity. The robotic hand was then prototyped for a set of experiments. The experimental results showed that the proposed theoretical model were reliable. Also, the fingertip force of the robotic finger could reach up to 10.3 N, and the load force could reach up to 72.8 N. When grasping target objects of different sizes and shapes, the robotic hand was able to perform the various power grasping and precision grasping in the Cutkosky taxonomy. Moreover, the robotic hand had good flexibility and adaptability by means of adjusting the envelope state autonomously.
Synchronization-induced violation of thermodynamic uncertainty relations
Authors: Razzoli Luca , Carrega Matteo , Cavaliere Fabio , Benenti Giuliano , Sassetti Maura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Fluctuations affect the functionality of nanodevices. Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs), derived within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, show that a minimal amount of dissipation is required to obtain a given relative energy current dispersion, that is, current precision has a thermodynamic cost. It is therefore of great interest to explore the possibility that TURs are violated, particularly for quantum systems, leading to accurate currents at lower cost. Here, we show that two quantum harmonic oscillators are synchronized by coupling to a common thermal environment, at strong dissipation and low temperature. In this regime, periodically modulated couplings to a second thermal reservoir, breaking time-reversal symmetry and taking advantage of non-Markovianity of this latter reservoir, lead to strong violation of TURs for local work currents, while maintaining finite output power. Our results pave the way for the use of synchronization in the thermodynamics of precision.
Structural safety of in-service motorway tunnel linings under defective conditions
Authors: Yan Wenjia , Wang Bin , Li Rongfeng , Liu Zonghan , Li Junni , Zhang Min , Li Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The structural safety of in-service tunnel lining structures is assessed and calculated using a numerical simulation based on the damage statistics of a motorway tunnel to study the effects of the surrounding rock classification, defect type, defect location, and severity of defects on the lining. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Void defects mainly exist in the shoulder section and account for 73% of the total defects, whereas insufficient thickness is primarily observed at the sidewalls, accounting for 52% of the total defects. (2) As the width clearance of the tunnel increases, the safety factor of each region on the lining structure is reduced to different extents. Voids in the crown section have the highest impact on the safety factor of the lining structure. When the maximum width exceeds 2 m, the safety factor is reduced by up to 91.92%. (3) When the tunnel lining is insufficiently thick, the influence of the defect generally does not extend beyond the defective area. The maximum reduction rates of the safety factors for the crown, shoulder, and sidewalls are 91.28%, 96.12%, and 90.48%, respectively. (4) Thickness defects are more prevalent than void defects. Compared with insufficient thickness defects, void defects more considerably affect the safety factor of the lining structure. Hence, the results of this study can provide an engineering basis for the operational status of in-service tunnels.
Climate hazards and human migration: literature review
Authors: Ivanova Anna , Singh Deepti , Rai Pronoy , Richards Claire , Vasconcelos Hugo , Goldsby Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Human populations are migrating as a result of climate change. We conducted a systematic literature review examining the relationship between several climate hazards and migration flows. We reviewed 58 empirical studies between 2010 and 2023 that examined current and future migration related to acute and long-term climate hazards. The results indicate that the relationship between climate hazards and migration is diverse and depends on a range of socio-economic factors. Droughts and rising temperatures have a major impact on both international and domestic migration. Our review also reveals that multiple climate hazards collectively tend to intensify domestic migration toward urban areas, especially in agriculturally dependent regions. A better understanding of migration patterns and the climate hazards that drive them can inform global policy and preparedness for climate migration.
From crisis to opportunity: climate change benefits livestock production in Somalia
Authors: Hussein Jaabir , Bilotto Franco , Sircely Jason , Mbui Damaris , Omondi Philip , Ferreira Carla Sofia Santos , Fahad Shah , Liu Ke , Harrison Matthew Tom 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While livelihoods of Somalian livestock smallholders rely heavily on seasonal climate conditions, little is known of long-term implications of the changing climate for this nation. Here, we quantify implications of the changing climate on the productivity and profitability of livestock smallholders across a rainfall gradient in northwestern Somalia. Using the Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) model, we explore 80 future climate realisations, with global climate model projections including low- and high-impact socio-economic pathways (SSP245 and SSP585), two climate horizons (2040 and 2080) and four case study farm regions. In general, future seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature relative to the baseline period (1981–2020) increased for most regions. Mean annual temperatures increased by 9%–14%, while cumulative annual precipitation increased by 37%–57% from mid to late century, respectively. Grassland production increased with later climate horizons, as higher average annual rainfall together with elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide drove up growth rates in spring and autumn. Under the low emissions scenario (SSP245), changes in farm profit were modest or positive, ranging from negative 4% in Berbera–20% plus in Sheikh. Under the higher emissions scenario (SSP585), farm profits were higher, ranging from 23% to 42% above baseline profits, largely due to greater pasture production and lower requirements for supplementary feed. We conclude that future climates will benefit the productivity and profitability of smallholder farmers in Somalia, although more agile farm management will be required to cope with increased seasonal climate variability.
Decreased glutathione synthesis in granulosa cells, but not oocytes, of growing follicles decreases fertility in mice
Authors: Cinco Rachel , Malott Kelli , Lim Jinhwan , Ortiz Laura , Pham Christine , del Rosario Angelica , Welch Jennifer , Luderer Ulrike 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Prior studies showed that mice deficient in the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in synthesis of the thiol antioxidant glutathione, have decreased ovarian glutathione concentrations, chronic ovarian oxidative stress, poor oocyte quality resulting in early preimplantation embryonic mortality and decreased litter size, and accelerated age-related decline in ovarian follicle numbers. Global deficiency of the catalytic subunit of this enzyme, Gclc, is embryonic lethal. We tested the hypothesis that granulosa cell- or oocyte-specific deletion of Gclc recapitulates the female reproductive phenotype of global Gclm deficiency. We deleted Gclc in granulosa cells or oocytes of growing follicles using Gclc floxed transgenic mice paired with Amhr2-Cre or Zp3-Cre alleles, respectively. We discovered that granulosa cell-specific deletion of Gclc in Amhr2Cre;Gclc(f/−) mice recapitulates the decreased litter size observed in Gclm−/− mice but does not recapitulate the accelerated age-related decline in ovarian follicles observed in Gclm−/− mice. In addition to having lower glutathione concentrations in granulosa cells, Amhr2Cre;Gclc(f/−) mice also had decreased glutathione concentrations in oocytes. By contrast, oocyte-specific deletion of Gclc in Zp3Cre;Gclc(f/−) mice did not affect litter size or accelerate the age-related decline in follicle numbers, and these mice did not have decreased oocyte glutathione concentrations, consistent with transport of glutathione between cells via gap junctions. The results suggest that glutathione deficiency at earlier stages of follicle development may be required to generate the accelerated follicle depletion phenotype observed in global Gclm null mice.
Intraspinal microstimulation of the ventral horn has therapeutically relevant cross-modal effects on nociception
Authors: Bandres Maria F , Gomes Jefferson L , McPherson Jacob Graves 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Electrical stimulation of spinal networks below a spinal cord injury is a promising approach to restore functions compromised by inadequate and/or inappropriate neural drive. The most translationally successful examples are paradigms intended to increase neural transmission in weakened yet spared descending motor pathways and spinal motoneurons rendered dormant after being severed from their inputs by lesion. Less well understood is whether spinal stimulation is also capable of reducing neural transmission in pathways made pathologically overactive by spinal cord injury. Debilitating spasms, spasticity and neuropathic pain are all common manifestations of hyperexcitable spinal responses to sensory feedback. Whereas spasms and spasticity can often be managed pharmacologically, spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain is notoriously medically refractory. Interestingly, however, spinal stimulation is a clinically available option for ameliorating neuropathic pain arising from aetiologies other than spinal cord injury, and the limited evidence available to date suggests that it holds considerable promise for reducing spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain, as well. Spinal stimulation for pain amelioration has traditionally been assumed to modulate sensorimotor networks overlapping with those engaged by spinal stimulation for rehabilitation of movement impairments. Thus, we hypothesize that spinal stimulation intended to increase the ability to move voluntarily may simultaneously reduce transmission in spinal pain pathways. To test this hypothesis, we coupled a rat model of incomplete thoracic spinal cord injury, which results in moderate to severe bilateral movement impairments and spinal cord injury-related neuropathic pain, with in vivo electrophysiological measures of neural transmission in networks of spinal neurons integral to the development and persistence of the neuropathic pain state. We find that when intraspinal microstimulation is delivered to the ventral horn with the intent of enhancing voluntary movement, transmission through nociceptive specific and wide dynamic range neurons is significantly depressed in response to pain-related sensory feedback. By comparison, spinal responsiveness to non-pain-related sensory feedback is largely preserved. These results suggest that spinal stimulation paradigms could be intentionally designed to afford multi-modal therapeutic benefits, directly addressing the diverse, intersectional rehabilitation goals of people living with spinal cord injury.
Mapping functional traces of opioid memories in the rat brain
Authors: Gomes-Ribeiro Joana , Martins João , Sereno José , Deslauriers-Gauthier Samuel , Summavielle Teresa , Coelho Joana E , Remondes Miguel , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Lopes Luísa V 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Addiction to psychoactive substances is a maladaptive learned behaviour. Contexts surrounding drug use integrate this aberrant mnemonic process and hold strong relapse-triggering ability. Here, we asked where context and salience might be concurrently represented in the brain during retrieval of drug–context paired associations. For this, we developed a morphine-conditioned place preference protocol that allows contextual stimuli presentation inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner and investigated differences in activity and connectivity at context recall. We found context-specific responses to stimulus onset in multiple brain regions, namely, limbic, sensory and striatal. Differences in functional interconnectivity were found among amygdala, lateral habenula, and lateral septum. We also investigated alterations to resting-state functional connectivity and found increased centrality of the lateral septum in a proposed limbic network, as well as increased functional connectivity of the lateral habenula and hippocampal ‘cornu ammonis’ 1 region, after a protocol of associative drug–context. Finally, we found that pre- conditioned place preference resting-state connectivity of the lateral habenula and amygdala was predictive of inter-individual conditioned place preference score differences. Overall, our findings show that drug and saline-paired contexts establish distinct memory traces in overlapping functional brain microcircuits and that intrinsic connectivity of the habenula, septum, and amygdala likely underlies the individual maladaptive contextual learning to opioid exposure. We have identified functional maps of acquisition and retrieval of drug-related memory that may support the relapse-triggering ability of opioid-associated sensory and contextual cues. These findings may clarify the inter-individual sensitivity and vulnerability seen in addiction to opioids found in humans.
BRAF and MEK inhibitor targeted therapy in papillary craniopharyngiomas: a cohort study
Authors: De Alcubierre Dario , Gkasdaris Grigorios , Mordrel Margaux , Joncour Anthony , Briet Claire , Almairac Fabien , Boetto Julien , Mouly Celine , Larrieu-Ciron Delphine , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Villa Chiara , Sergeant Camille , Ducray François , Feuvret Loic , Chanson Philippe , Baussart Bertrand , Raverot Gerald , Jouanneau Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Targeted therapy (TT) with BRAF/MEK inhibitors has emerged as a potential treatment in papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCPs). However, standardized data on large cohorts are lacking. Our study aimed to assess real-life efficacy and safety of BRAF/MEK inhibition in patients with PCPs.

Design
Retrospective French multicenter study involving BRAF V600E–mutated PCP patients, treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitor combination dabrafenib and trametinib, from April 2019 to July 2023.

Methods
Objective response and clinical and safety outcomes were assessed after 3 months and at the last available follow-up during TT.

Results
Sixteen patients (8 females, mean age 50.5 ± 15.75 years), receiving either neoadjuvant therapy (NEO) for non-resectable tumors (n = 6), post-surgical adjuvant therapy (ADJ; n = 8), or palliative therapy (PAL) following failure of multimodal treatment (n = 2), were included.
At the last follow-up (mean 7.6 ± 5.3 months), 12 patients showed subtotal response, 3 exhibited partial response, and 1 maintained stable disease. Mean volume reduction was 88.9 ± 4.4%, 73.3 ± 23.4%, and 91.8 ± 4.3% in the NEO, ADJ, and PAL groups, respectively.
Targeted therapy resolved headaches in 5/5 patients and visual impairment in 6/9; 2/3 patients had improved neurological symptoms, 1/4 presented weight loss, and 2/14 recovered endocrine function.
Targeted therapy was well-tolerated in 62.5% of cases; adverse events led to treatment discontinuation in 5 patients and definitive discontinuation in 3 cases.

Conclusions
In this study, 94% of patients showed partial response or better to TT. Adverse events were acceptable. Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols; however, these results advocate for a NEO approach in invasive PCPs.
Combining anthropology and imaging to reconstruct antemortem trauma for identification purposes
Authors: Petaros Anja , Lindblom Maria , Cunha Eugénia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Identification of unidentified remains involves a comparison of ante- and postmortem features using biological identifiers. Anthropological identifiers, referred to by International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) as secondary identifiers, have often been judged less reliable than DNA, fingerprints and dental records (referred to as primary identifiers). However, anthropological identifiers have been proven as discriminatory as the primary sources in many instances, and play a decisive role in positive identification. To guarantee better use of anthropological identifiers, it is not only essential to develop standard protocols and statistical frameworks, but also to test different identification approaches in cases from daily practice. Evidence of skeletal antemortem trauma can be a valuable aid in the identification process, especially if the exact type of traumatic event causing the injury is identified. Here, we present a case in which the combination of anthropological analysis and imaging confirmed an interesting and unique sequence of antemortem traumatic events in incomplete skeletal remains. The remains were assumed to pertain to an individual who went missing several years earlier, and whose medical records revealed a unique history of trauma to the right femur. The individual had sustained a fracture due to a fall from a high height followed, 10 years after the primary trauma, by a gunshot wound to the same bone; both treated by intramedullary nail fixation. While the anthropological analysis matched the biological profile of the missing individual and identified a healed defect to the right femur compatible with a gunshot wound, the radiological examination indicated that the bone underwent three surgical procedures on different occasions. Radiological examination also identified a pre-existing healed fracture adjacent to the gunshot defect. In addition to presenting the identification process in this specific case, this article discusses the difficulties in antemortem trauma interpretation, importance of combining macroscopic and radiological analysis to aid the reconstruction of previous traumatic events and mechanisms of injury from healed fractures that can play important roles in forensic human identification.
Being ashamed of others: shame and partial concern for persons
Authors: Chaplin Rosalind 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The philosophical literature on shame treats shame as essentially a self-concerning emotion. According to this view, when we experience shame, it is always the self that is subject to negative assessment, and shame concerning others traces back to some form of self-concern. Against this, I argue for an expanded conception of shame. On the view I advance, shame always manifests investment and partiality regarding its target, but investment and partiality need not trace back to self-concern, and shame does not essentially require an appraisal of the self at all. I also argue that this can help us improve our understanding of partial concern for persons more broadly. While we often think of partial concern for a person's well-being as the paradigmatic form of partial concern, partial concern for a person's character (broadly construed) plays an equally important role in our moral-emotional lives, and especially in our close relationships.
The Emergence of the Second Amendment Sanctuary Movement: Partisan Federalism, Not White Protectionism
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Reller Cassidy , Burnett Craig 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One-third of all US counties have enacted Second Amendment Sanctuary (2AS) ordinances, preventing the enforcement of state and federal gun control laws. We test two theories to explain 2AS enactment. First, 2AS may be a manifestation of partisan federalism. This perspective predicts that the nationalization of policy issues has led partisan groups to support “sanctuary” policies in friendly jurisdictions to frustrate the opposition. Second, given the close link between gun policy preferences and racial identities, 2AS enactment may be related to racial dynamics and especially the declining political power of White Americans. Thus, we should expect that 2AS adoptions will occur in majority White counties with declining White populations. We leverage a unique dataset of county-level 2AS enactments to test these hypotheses. We find strong evidence for the partisan federalism hypothesis. In contrast, we find weak and inconsistent evidence for the racial threat hypothesis.
Inpatient Versus Outpatient Management of Prenatally Diagnosed Vasa Praevia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Laiu Shelene , McMahon Carine , Rolnik Daniel Lorber 
Published: August 2024

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024:293:156–166
Vasa previa is characterized by unprotected fetal blood vessels in close proximity to the internal cervical os and occurs in an estimated 1 in 1200 pregnancies. Risk factors for vasa previa include low-lying placenta, succenturiate or bilobed placenta, velamentous cord insertion, in vitro fertilization, and multiple pregnancies.