bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Evaluation and Relative Significance in Cases of Cervical Disk Allografting
Authors: Ding Yu , Ruan Di-Ke , He Qing , Hou Li Sheng , Lin Jian Ning , Cui Hong Peng 
Published: April 2013

Study Design:
The clinical and radiologic data of total disk allografting (TDA) cases were collected and analyzed to explore the correlation between neurological function improvements and imaging changes.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to assess the medium-term and long-term outcome and radiographic character after TDA, and, furthermore, to explore the significance of the changes of imaging signs after the transplantation.

Summary of Background Data:
Spinal fusion may result in the adjacent segment degeneration. The anxiousness urged the necessity for the development of TDA to reduce the risk of adjacent segment degeneration. Both animal studies and recent clinical trials have shown promising results to support the use of intervertebral disk allograft as a natural mobile disk replacement.

Methods:
The conditions of 13 cases that underwent TDA after cervical discectomy were recorded in detail. Axial symptoms and neurological function in various periods were assessed, and, meanwhile, radiologic examination was performed for the comprehensive evaluation of the relevant indicators before and after surgery.

Results:
(1) There was significant improvement in the neurological function after TDA. Postoperatively, the Visual Analog Score of axial symptoms did not increase significantly. (2) Both the entire and local segment maintained a satisfactory curve after allografting. There was no obvious correlation between the neurological function recovery and the cervical curve. Besides, the motion of the cervical spine did not change postoperatively. (3) Postoperatively, the spinal cord area at the index level increased significantly, whereas the signal value of the transplanted disk decreased sharply.

Conclusions:
(1) Disk allografting is one of the effective and safe methods in treating the diseases of cervical disk herniation. (2) Although some degeneration occurs in the transplanted disk, the allograft can still be alive and can successfully maintain and improve the biological characters of the cervical spine in both radiologic and practical aspects.
Pollinators, mates and Allee effects: the importance of self‐pollination for fecundity in an invasive lily
Authors: Rodger James G. , van Kleunen Mark , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryAbility to self‐fertilize is correlated with invasiveness in several introduced floras, and this has been attributed to its mitigating effect on fecundity when pollinator visitation and mate availability are inadequate. Cross‐pollination opportunities are expected to be most limited in isolated individuals and small populations, both typical of the leading edge of an invasion. Thus, self‐pollination may promote invasion in part by mitigating pollen‐limitation Allee effects.We used emasculation and pollen supplementation experiments to test whether the importance of self‐pollination for fecundity increased as plant abundance decreased and isolation increased, in the hawkmoth‐pollinated and autonomously self‐pollinating invasive lilyLilium formosanum, in its introduced range in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. As inbreeding depression is negligible in these populations, seed production through selfing is likely to be demographically important.In naturalized populations ofL. formosanum, varying in size and degree of isolation, emasculation reduced seed production by two‐thirds, indicating strong reliance on self‐fertilization for fecundity due to inadequate pollinator visitation. However, this was not related to population size and was only greater for more isolated populations in one of the 3 years in which the experiment was carried out. Pollen supplementation experiments showed that pollen limitation was low – 12% on average – and significant in only one of 3 years, demonstrating that autonomous self‐pollination was highly effective.In artificial arrays, consisting of plants placed inside naturalized populations or in pairs isolated (3–702 m) from populations, the effect of emasculation on fecundity was greater in isolated plants than those inside the population in one of two populations. Isolation reduced fecundity when emasculated plants were placed next to a second emasculated plant, but not when emasculated plants were partnered with an intact plant, from which they could receive pollen.We conclude that self‐fertilization inL. formosanumcompensates for inadequate pollinator visitation across all levels of population size and for a pollen‐limitation Allee effect due to decreased mate availability in isolated plants, and may thus play an important role in invasion.
Emerging geography of technological innovation in China's ICT industry: Region, inter‐firm linkages and innovative performance in a transitional economy
Authors: Wang Cassandra C. , Lin George C.S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study critically evaluates the relevance of the existing theory of technological innovation to the case of China's information and communications technology industry. Based on a large‐scale questionnaire survey conducted in China's three most important city‐regions, namely, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, where the core of China's information and communications technology industry is located, this study reveals a significant regional variation in technological innovation in a political economy undergoing marketisation and globalisation. This research has found no significant relationship between the innovative performance of firms and the extent of production linkages; nor was there a significant knowledge exchange among firms. A further analysis has identified the significant role played by government purchases, research and development capital input and export propensity in the process of technological innovation. The findings of this research cast doubts over the prevailing theory of ‘new economic geography’ in which soft and unbounded relational assets have been overemphasised at the expense of some solid and bounded actors and agents that are pivotal to technological innovation in a developing economy.
Long‐term effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy on gross motor function in ambulant children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy, compared with reference centiles
Authors: Bolster Eline AM , van Schie Petra EM , Becher Jules G , van Ouwerkerk Willem JR , Strijers Rob LM , Vermeulen R Jeroen 
Published: April 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on the gross motor function of ambulant children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy (CP), compared with reference centiles.MethodThe study used a prospective cohort design and participants comprised 29 children classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in level I (n=7), II (n=4), or III (n=18; 18 males, 11 females; median age at time of surgery 6y 4mo; range 2y 10mo–12y 1mo), who were examined 5 years and 10 years after SDR. We used individual centiles based on Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM‐66) scores and age, corresponding to the GMFCS levels. Individual improvement or deterioration was defined as a change of more than 20 centiles. Side effects experienced and additional treatment received after SDR were also recorded.ResultsFive years after SDR, 10 out of 28 children showed improvement, and 10 years after SDR 6 out of 20 children had improved. Spinal side effects were noted in two children and hip subluxation in three. Additional treatments included subtalar arthrodesis (n=13), endorotational osteotomy of the tibia (n=5), and botulinum toxin treatment (n=13).InterpretationNone of the children showed deterioration of gross motor function based on centile ranking. Five and 10 years after SDR, gross motor function in some children had improved more than would have been expected according to the reference centiles. This suggests, taking the limitations of this study into account, that the applied criteria for selection were adequate. However, the children still required additional treatment after SDR.
New genus, Lepidozonates Park, gen. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae) with description of three new species
Authors: Park Kyu‐Tek , Heppner John B. , Lee Sangmi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLepidozonates gen. nov. is described, with description of three new species: L. viciniolus Park, sp. nov. from Thailand, L. tenebrosellus Park, sp. nov. from Taiwan and L. prominens Park, sp. nov. from Cambodia and Thailand. The new genus is characterized by having the specialized plumose corematal scales developed on the pleural membrane of the abdominal segments IV–VI in the male, and the venation of both wings also differs from those of the allied genera, e.g., Deltoplastis Meyrick, Torodora Meyrick or Thubana Walker of the subfamily Torodorinae.
Venture Capital Backing and Overvaluation: Evidence from the High‐Tech Bubble
Authors: Wang Lanfang , Wang Susheng , Zhang Jin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe investigate the association between venture capital (VC) backing and the likelihood of firm overvaluation in the high‐tech bubble period. We find strong evidence that a VC‐backed firm is more likely than a non‐VC‐backed firm to be overvalued during the bubble period. A further investigation suggests that such an association exists only for VC‐backed firms that have gone public recently and VC‐backed firms over which venture capitalists (VCs) have high ownership or control. But outside the bubble period, all the differences in overvaluation between VC‐backed and non‐VC‐backed firms disappear. Our findings provide additional evidence supporting VC opportunism in boom periods.
International Cross‐Listings and Subsequent Security‐Market Choices: Evidence from ADRs
Authors: Boubakri Narjess , Cosset Jean‐Claude , Samet Anis 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe study the link between the attributes of American depositary receipt (ADR)‐listed firms and their post‐listing security‐market choices. We find that developed market firms are more likely to issue equity and debt than their emerging market counterparts. Furthermore, we find that large firms are more likely to issue debt and less likely to issue equity. When we examine locations where ADR firms raise their capital, we find that firms originating from countries where the protection of minority shareholders is weak are more likely to issue debt on their home markets and less likely to issue debt on international markets (excluding U.S. markets). Furthermore, ADR firms originating from developed (emerging market) countries are more (less) likely to issue their equity on their domestic markets and less (more) likely to issue equity on international markets (excluding U.S. markets).
An analysis of the factors affecting the transition period to professional roles for newly graduated nurses inTurkey
Authors: Tastan S. , Unver V. , Hatipoglu S. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundFor the majority of newly graduated nurses, the transition to professional roles in their lives may be stressful. Common reasons for this include feelings of insufficiency with regard to clinical skills, fears of making mistakes, increased responsibilities and insufficient guidance.AimTo identify the factors affecting the transition period of newly graduated nurses.MethodsThis study was designed and carried out as a descriptive and a cross‐sectional study of three cohorts of newly graduated students. The study was implemented at a military education and research hospital inAnkara,Turkey. The population consisted of 234 (89%) of newly graduated nurses. For evaluating data, theSPSS15.0 program was used. The paired samplest‐test and theMann–WhitneyU‐test were employed to compare the participants’ perceptions about the transition period based on certain variables.ResultsIt is found that 54.7% of nurses surveyed have the intent to quit the profession. More than half of the participants stated that their expectations were met through working with a preceptor nurse (58.73%). Furthermore, almost half of the newly graduated nurses experienced and expressed disappointment in the first year of their professional lives.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that newly graduated nurses experience some difficulty during this period of transition, but assistance from experienced nurses facilitates the transition period.Implications for Nursing Practice and ResearchIn order to increase work quality and satisfaction levels of new graduates, support programs must be initialized and their effectiveness must be evaluated regularly by clinical administrators and educators.
Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor‐producing cervical cancers treated with carbon‐ion irradiation
Authors: Ohkubo Yu , Kato Shingo , Kiyohara Hiroki , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Nakano Takashi , Kamada Tadashi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGranulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐producing tumor is a rare condition. It has an aggressive nature and shows resistance to conventional treatments. We report two cases of G‐CSF‐producing uterine cervical cancer who were successfully treated with carbon‐ion radiotherapy (C‐ion RT). The first case was a 76‐year‐old woman with stage IIIB uterine cervical cancer, and the second was a 75‐year‐old woman with bulky stage IIB disease. Prior to treatment, both patients presented severe granulocytosis and elevated serum G‐CSF concentrations. After C‐ion RT, their cervical tumors completely disappeared, and their granulocytosis and elevated serum G‐CSF levels improved as well. C‐ion RT has been reported to be effective for various aggressive tumors, and it may be a good treatment option for this rare aggressive tumor.
Back to Baseline: Erectile Function Recovery After Radical Prostatectomy from the Patients' Perspective
Authors: Nelson Christian J. , Scardino Peter T. , Eastham James A. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A variety of erectile function recovery (EFR) rates are reported post-radical prostatectomy (RP), with some suggesting EFR rates over 90% [1]. Clinical experience suggests that patients view EFR as getting back to their baseline (BTB) erectile functioning (EF) without the use of medication.

Aim
This study explores EFR defined as BTB.

Method
Men pre-RP and 24 months post-RP completed the Erectile Function Domain (EFD) of the International Index of Erectile Function and one question on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) use. Men using a PDE5i at baseline were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures
At 24 m, “back to baseline” was defined as achieving the baseline EFD score (within 1 point or higher). Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square, and logistic regression.

Results
One hundred eighty men had an average age at RP of 59 (SD = 7) years. When including men who were using a PDE5i at 24 months, 43% (N = 78, 95% CI: 36–51%) returned BTB. When considering BTB without the use of a PDE5i, 22% (N = 39, 95% CI: 16% to 28%) returned BTB. When focusing on a subset of men with baseline EFD ≥ 24 (N = 132), 36% (N = 47, 95% CI: 28% to 44%) returned BTB at 24 months using a PDE5i and 16% (N = 21, 95% CI: 11% to 23%) without the use of a PDE5i. For this group, there was a significant difference by age (&lt;60 years, 23% vs. ≥60 years, 4%, P &lt; 0.001), which remained a significant predictor (OR = 6.25, 95% CI: 1.88 to 50, P &lt; 0.001) in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
Twenty-two percent of the entire sample and 16% of the men with functional (EFD ≥ 24) baseline erections returned to BTB EF without the use of medication. Only 4% of men who were ≥60 years old with functional erections pre-surgery achieved BTB EF. Although gaining partial EF is also important, men pre-RP should be educated on EFR and the chance of “back to baseline” EF.
Effects of Intensification of the Amazon River Prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, Grow‐out on Effluent Quality
Authors: Kimpara Janaina Mitsue , Moraes‐Valenti Patricia , Queiroz Julio F. , New Michael Bernard 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStudies to determine suitable levels of intensification are essential for developing sustainable aquaculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of effluents discharged from ponds stocked with 10 (D10), 20 (D20), 40 (D40), and 80 (D80) postlarvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum/m2. Intake and effluent water samples were taken throughout a 5.5‐mo grow‐out cycle. In that study, twelve 0.01‐ha earthen ponds were stocked postlarvae with 0.01 g. Average water exchange rate was 15%/d; water was discharged from the bottom of the ponds. Prawns were fed a commercial feed with 38% crude protein according to their biomass (3–10%) and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). In our research, temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids, conductivity, DO, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), N‐ammonia, N‐nitrite, N‐nitrate, N‐Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soluble orthophosphate were measured every 15 d throughout the experiment in the early morning (0630 to 0730 h). Turbidity was lower in D10 than in D20 and D40 and total phosphorus was higher in D80 than in D10 and D20. An analysis of principal components comparing treatments and intake water showed three groups: intake, D10 and a cluster of D20, D40, and D80. On the basis of the water characteristics found in our study it appears that the farming of M. amazonicum is likely to have a low environmental impact, at least up to a stocking density of 80 prawns/m2.
The Complete Analysis of the Distribution Kinetics of the Oxytetracycline Antibiotic in the Exoskeleton of Farmed Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Faroongsarng Damrongsak , Chiayvareesajja Sommai , Theapparat Yongyuth 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOxytetracycline (OTC) in shrimp shells may be dispersed to the environment as shrimp shred old cuticle in growout ponds. The study aims to assess the kinetics of OTC accumulated in shrimp shell. Sub‐adult male Litopenaeus vannamei in the C–D0 molting stage, were force fed with medicated feeds at various accurate dose levels that included 50, 500 and 1000 mg/kg‐body weight (BW). In addition to hemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle were serially collected for 50 mg/kg‐BW‐dose group while cuticle was sampled for higher dose levels. All were assayed for OTC by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Mineral contents in shell samples of 500 mg/kg‐BW‐dose were also determined. The bioavailability markedly decreased with increasing dose due to incomplete dissolution and/or mild dysfunction in absorption. Administered doses, 2.69 and 2.25%, ended up in the shell after dosing with 500 and 1000 mg/kg‐BW, respectively. OTC data after a dose of 50 mg/kg‐BW was fitted into a three‐compartment model with an added shell compartment with r2 of 0.9920. The model was successfully extrapolated to predict OTC distribution in shell at higher doses. In addition, there was evidence that OTC may disturb the biomineralization process via complex formation with calcium and magnesium lowering the exoskeleton mineral contents.
Introduction
Authors: Floridi Luciano 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis introduction presents the project of a one‐day meeting on the future of philosophical research, hosted by the Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, on 13 January 2012. The meeting brought together several distinguished philosophers and scholars in their roles as journal editors and publishing experts, in order to clarify and discuss the future of philosophical research. This symposium in Metaphilosophy collects a selection of the papers presented at the meeting and some invited articles.
Philosophy of Science A Personal Peek into the Future
Authors: French Steven , Massimi Michela 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this opinion piece, the authors offer their personal and idiosyncratic views of the future of the philosophy of science, focusing on its relationship with the history of science and metaphysics, respectively. With regard to the former, they suggest that the Kantian tradition might be drawn upon both to render the history and philosophy of science more relevant to philosophy as a whole and to overcome the challenges posed by naturalism. When it comes to the latter, they suggest both that metaphysics has much to learn from the philosophy of science and that it offers an array of tools that philosophers of science can themselves appropriate.
Epidemiology and sites of involvement of invasive fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancies: a 20‐year autopsy study
Authors: Lewis Russell E. , Cahyame‐Zuniga Lizebeth , Leventakos Konstantinos , Chamilos Georgios , Ben‐Ami Ronen , Tamboli Pheroze , Tarrand Jeffrey , Bodey Gerald P. , Luna Mario , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryAutopsy studies remain an essential tool for understanding the patterns of fungal disease not detected ante mortem with current diagnostic approaches. We collected data concerning the microbiological trends, patient clinical characteristics and sites of involvement for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) identified at autopsy in a single large cancer treatment centre over a 20‐year period (1989–2008). The autopsy rate and IFI prevalence both declined significantly during the study period. The prevalence of Aspergillus spp. decreased significantly from the first 15 years of the study (from 0.12 to 0.14 cases per 100 autopsies to 0.07 in 2004–2008; P = 0.04), with only Mucorales accounting for a greater proportion of IFIs over the duration of the study period (0.06 to 0.2 cases per 100 autopsies, P = 0.04). After 2003, moulds accounted for the majority of infections identified at autopsy in the spleen, kidney, heart and gastrointestinal tract. Despite a trend of decreasing prevalence from 1989 to 2004, invasive candidiasis increased in prevalence during later periods 2004–2008 (0.02–0.05 per 100 autopsies) with decreasing kidney, heart and spleen involvement. Despite a declining autopsy rate, these data suggest a decreasing prevalence overall of IFIs with changing patterns of dissemination in patients with haematological malignancies.