bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antimanic‐like effect of phenytoin and carbamazepine on methylphenidate‐induced hyperlocomotion: role of voltage‐gated sodium channels
Authors: Tonelli Denise A.G. , Pereira Marcela , Siba Isadora P. , Martynhak Bruno J. , Correia Diego , Casarotto Plínio C. , Biojone Caroline , Guimarães Francisco S. , Joca Samia L.R. , Andreatini Roberto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to verify whether phenytoin modifies methylphenidate‐induced hyperlocomotion, an animal model for screening antimanic‐like drugs, and also evaluate the effect of veratrine, a voltage‐gated sodium channel opener, pretreatment on the effect of phenytoin in this model. Carbamazepine was used as a positive control. Methylphenidate (5 mg/kg, s.c.) increased open‐field locomotion, and phenytoin (5–10 mg/kg, i.p.) and carbamazepine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) blocked this effect. Veratrine (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) pretreatment reversed the effects of phenytoin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and carbamazepine (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Phenytoin (1–50 mg/kg, i.p.) and carbamazepine (10–20 mg/kg i.p.) alone did not change spontaneous locomotor activity. These results indicate that voltage‐gated sodium channels play an important role in antimanic‐like effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on psychostimulant‐induced hyperlocomotion model.
Evidence for the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecG helicase in DNA repair and recombination
Authors: Thakur Roshan S. , Basavaraju Shivakumar , Somyajit Kumar , Jain Akshatha , Subramanya Shreelakshmi , Muniyappa Kalappa , Nagaraju Ganesh 
Published: February 2013

In order to survive and replicate in a variety of stressful conditions during its life cycle, Mycobacterium tuberculosis must possess mechanisms to safeguard the integrity of the genome. Although DNA repair and recombination related genes are thought to play key roles in the repair of damaged DNA in all organisms, so far only a few of them have been functionally characterized in the tubercle bacillus. In this study, we show that M. tuberculosis RecG (MtRecG) expression was induced in response to different genotoxic agents. Strikingly, expression of MtRecG in Escherichia coli ∆recG mutant strain provided protection against mitomycin C, methyl methane sulfonate and UV induced cell death. Purified MtRecG exhibited higher binding affinity for the Holliday junction (HJ) compared with a number of canonical recombinational DNA repair intermediates. Notably, although MtRecG binds at the core of the mobile and immobile HJs, and with higher binding affinity for the immobile HJ, branch migration was evident only in the case of the mobile HJ. Furthermore, immobile HJs stimulate MtRecG ATPase activity less efficiently than mobile HJs. In addition to HJ substrates, MtRecG exhibited binding affinity for a variety of branched DNA structures including three‐way junctions, replication forks, flap structures, forked duplex and a D‐loop structure, but demonstrated strong unwinding activity on replication fork and flap DNA structures. Together, these results support that MtRecG plays an important role in processes related to DNA metabolism under normal as well as stress conditions.
Experimental doxycycline overdose in rats causes cardiomyopathy
Authors: El‐Neweshy Mahmoud Shaban 
Published: February 2013

SummaryAll reports of doxycycline‐induced cardiomyopathy to date have been limited to accidental oral poisoning in calves. Therefore, the current study investigated the cardiomyotoxic effect of experimental doxycycline overdose in rats as a toxicity model which could be monitored using histopathological and biochemical assays. A total of 38‐week‐old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups consisting of 10 each. The first group was an untreated control group (D0), and the second group (D5) received doxycycline hyclate 25 mg/kg intragastrically twice daily (8 AM and 8 PM), which is 5‐fold higher than the standard dose. The third group (D10) received 50 mg/kg intragastrically twice daily (8 AM and 8 PM), which is 10‐fold higher than the standard dose. The dose continued for 10 consecutive days and revealed that the doxycycline toxicity was dose dependent. Mortality was recorded in the D10 group only (30%). The D5 rats exhibited minimal skeletal muscle injury and slight but significant increases in the skeletal muscle damage indicators creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to controls. The cardiac muscle of the D5 rats was histologically normal, and the D5 rats also exhibited normal levels of troponin I (cTnI), an indicator of cardiac muscle damage. In contrast, the D10 rats displayed cardiomyopathy, as well as significant increases in the muscle enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST and CK and the cardiac damage indicator cTnI compared to control and D5 groups. Pulmonary lesions were observed in the D10 rats, primarily cardiac lesion‐related alveolar heart failure cells. Thus the present study is the first to demonstrate that oral doxycycline poisoning (10 times the therapeutic dose)‐induced cardiomyopathy is not limited to calves and could occur without any predisposing factors.
Risk indicators associated with dental erosion among Jordanian school children aged 12–14 years of age
Authors: Hamasha Abed Al‐Hadi , Zawaideh Feda I. , Al‐Hadithy Roua Thamer 
Published: February 2013

AimTo identify potential risk indicators of dental erosion (DE) among 12‐ to 14‐year‐old Jordanian school children.DesignA random cross‐sectional sample was selected from Amman, Irbid, and Al‐Karak governorates. A weighted multistage random sampling system was used to yield 3812, 12‐ to 14‐year‐old school children from 81 schools. The study utilized a self‐reported questionnaire of factors reported in the literature and thought to be associated with DE. Full mouth recording using the tooth wear index modified by Millward et al. (1994) was performed by a single calibrated examiner.ResultsLogistic regression analysis defined the risk indicators that were simultaneously associated with DE with geographical location, medical condition including frequent mouth dryness, and having frequent bouts of vomiting or using a cortisol inhaler, dietary habits including consumption of carbonated beverages, lemon, sour candies, and sports drinks, keeping soft drinks in the mouth for a long time, brushing teeth following soft beverages or drinking lemon juice at bed time.ConclusionsDental erosion is a multifactorial condition in which mouth dryness, vomiting, cortisol inhaler use, keeping soft drinks in the mouth, drinking beverages at bed time, consumption of lemon, sour candies, and having confectionary as snacks are risk indicators, and area of residence are all potential factors.
Statewide Survey of Hormones and Antibiotics in Surface Waters of Delaware
Authors: Vaicunas Rachael , Inamdar Shreeram , Dutta Sudarshan , Aga Diana S. , Zimmerman Lisa , Tom Sims J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWater‐quality surveys have confirmed the presence of hormones and antibiotics in surface waters of the United States, which may be of concern to aquatic life. We investigated the concentrations of hormones and antibiotics in surface waters of the state of Delaware to determine – how they compared against environmental thresholds, how they varied across the state, and if they were correlated with land use type. Fifty surface water locations were sampled during early spring and late summer. Water samples were initially screened with ELISA followed by analysis with LC/MS/MS. The measured ranges of hormone concentrations were: 0‐3.71 ng/l for estrone, 0‐4.65 ng/l for estrone‐3‐sulfate, and 0‐6.27 ng/l for 17β‐estradiol. The measured ranges of antibiotics were: 0‐3.30 ng/l for sulfamerazine, 0‐10.74 ng/l for sulfamethoxazole, and 0‐2.29 ng/l for tetracycline. The predicted no‐effect concentration (PNEC) for estrone was exceeded for three samples and the PNEC for 17β‐estradiol was exceeded for 11 samples. In general, concentrations and detection frequencies were lower in the summer than the spring. The highest concentrations of hormones and antibiotics were spatially distributed in agricultural and urban areas; however, the correlations between land use type and the concentrations were weak. This study was the first statewide survey of hormones and antibiotics for Delaware and provided important baseline data on these emerging contaminants.
Development and Application of an Agricultural Intensity Index to Invertebrate and Algal Metrics from Streams at Two Scales
Authors: Waite Ian R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractResearch was conducted at 28‐30 sites within eight study areas across the United States along a gradient of nutrient enrichment/agricultural land use between 2003 and 2007. Objectives were to test the application of an agricultural intensity index (AG‐Index) and compare among various invertebrate and algal metrics to determine indicators of nutrient enrichment nationally and within three regions. The agricultural index was based on total nitrogen and phosphorus input to the watershed, percent watershed agriculture, and percent riparian agriculture. Among data sources, agriculture within riparian zone showed significant differences among values generated from remote sensing or from higher resolution orthophotography; median values dropped significantly when estimated by orthophotography. Percent agriculture in the watershed consistently had lower correlations to invertebrate and algal metrics than the developed AG‐Index across all regions. Percent agriculture showed fewer pairwise comparisons that were significant than the same comparisons using the AG‐Index. Highest correlations to the AG‐Index regionally were −0.75 for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera richness (EPTR) and −0.70 for algae Observed/Expected (O/E), nationally the highest was −0.43 for EPTR vs. total nitrogen and −0.62 for algae O/E vs. AG‐Index. Results suggest that analysis of metrics at national scale can often detect large differences in disturbance, but more detail and specificity is obtained by analyzing data at regional scales.
Assessment OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY at Large Watershed Scale: Land‐Use, Anthropogenic, and Administrative Impacts
Authors: Sun Ranhao , Z. Wang Zhaoming , Chen Liding , W. Wang Wei 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the impacts that influence water quality is critical to the development of best management practices at the large watershed scale. This study describes the spatiotemporal variation in surface water quality and identifies their main impact in the Haihe River basin, China. Multivariate statistical techniques are applied to analyze the similarities among the sampling sites and to identify the main pollution sources in surface water. Results show that: (1) the basin can be clustered into two regions, water quality being better in the mountainous vs. plain regions; (2) water quality improves due to implementation of a strict state policy on environmental pollution control, prodded by the hosting of the Olympic games in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin; and (3) agricultural and residential land uses as well as livestock‐breeding are the main sources affecting water quality in the mountainous regions, whereas rural waste discharge — including domestic waste sewage, human and animal feces, and solid waste — significantly influences water quality in the plain regions. The waste discharge of industrial factories may be a significant source of water pollution in the plain regions. Results indicate that the environmental management from pollution sinks and sources, long‐lasting legal framework, and adequate economic incentives should be improved to optimize the large‐scale watershed management under the background of the rapid development of countries like China.
The association between periodontitis and dyslipidemia based on the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lee Jun‐Beom , Yi Hee‐Yong , Bae Kwang‐Hak 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine whether dyslipidemia is associated with periodontitis in a representative sample of Korean adults who were involved in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).Materials and MethodsA total of 18,210 subjects over 19 years of age who participated in KNHANES were examined. Dyslipidemia is defined according to the definition proposed by the Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis. The periodontal status of the patients was assessed by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out and adjusted for socio‐demographics, oral health behaviours and status and general health behaviour. All analyses considered a complex sampling design, and multivariate analysis was also performed in the subgroups (age, gender and current smoking status).ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between dyslipidemia except pre‐hypercholesterolemia and periodontitis. In the subgroup analysis, periodontitis was significantly associated with hypo‐HDL‐cholesterolemia and had a potential association with hyper‐ triglycerides (TG) in subjects younger than 40 years. The adjusted ORs were greater in the present smoker group than the non‐smoker group.ConclusionsDyslipidemia except pre‐hypercholesterolemia is associated with periodontitis.
Diet and nutrition in psoriasis: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States
Authors: Johnson J.A. , Ma C. , Kanada K.N. , Armstrong A.W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited research examining the association between psoriasis, dietary intake and nutritional status in the general U.S. population.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare levels of vitamins and carotenoids as well as intake of protein, fats, sugar, carbohydrates and total calories between individuals with and without psoriasis.MethodsWe used data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the U.S. Demographic information, physical examination, serum laboratory values and questionnaires on past medical history and dietary intake were used to determine the relationship between psoriasis and nutritional status and diet.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 6260 participants who provided responses to their psoriasis status. Prior psoriasis diagnosis was reported in 156 (2.49%) of the respondents. Based on multivariate regression analysis, psoriasis was significantly associated with increased vitamin A level (OR: 1.01; CI: 1.00–1.02; P = 0.03), increased α‐carotene level (OR: 1.02; CI: 1.01–1.04; P = 0.01), lower sugar intake (OR: 0.998; CI: 0.996–1; P = 0.04), increased body mass index (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.07; P = 0.0003) and arthritis (OR: 2.31; CI: 1.37–3.90; P = 0.002). Non‐Hispanic black (OR: 0.56; CI: 0.34–0.96; P = 0.03) and Hispanic race (OR: 0.37; CI: 0.19–0.75; P = 0.005) were inversely associated with a diagnosis of psoriasis compared with non‐Hispanic white race.ConclusionPsoriasis is significantly associated with elevated serum levels of vitamin A and α‐carotene and reduced intake of sugar. Longitudinal monitoring of nutritional status in psoriasis patients is necessary to determine the effect of nutrition on psoriasis progression and the modifying role of treatments.
Quantitative genetics of costly neonatal sexual size dimorphism in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis)
Authors: Blomquist G. E. , Williams L. E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOffspring size is often an intimate link between the fitness of parents and offspring. Among mammals, neonate mass is also related to adult levels of dimorphism and intrasexual competitive mating. We describe the sex‐specific genetic architecture of neonate mass in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis), a small Neotropical primate. Best fitting quantitative genetic models show strong maternal genetic effects with little difference between sexes offering limited opportunity for neonatal dimorphism to respond to observed or hypothetical selection. Heritabilities that are approximately zero also imply it is unlikely that neonatal dimorphism can evolve as a correlated response to selection on adult size. However, male mass is also more dependent on maternal condition (age and parity) making dimorphism plastic. Finally, we hypothesize that large maternal genetic effects reflect income breeding and tightly synchronized seasonal reproduction in squirrel monkeys, both of which require strong maternal control of offspring growth and timing of birth.
Astrocytes inhibit microglial surface expression of dendritic cell‐related co‐stimulatory molecules through a contact‐mediated process
Authors: Acevedo Giselles , Padala Nischal K. , Ni Li , Jonakait G. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMurine microglia cultured in isolation were treated sequentially with granulocyte/monocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) (5 days) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 days) to elicit a mature dendritic cell‐like (DC‐like) phenotype. Examined by flow cytometry microglia thus isolated show high surface expression of CD11c together with the co‐stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 that are necessary for T‐cell activation. In contrast, microglia co‐cultured with astrocytes fail to achieve a mature DC‐like phenotype. Contact with the astrocytic environment is necessary for the inhibition. Failure was not because of a more rapid degradation of protein. Bone marrow‐derived cells, like microglia, were prevented by astrocytes from attaining a mature DC phenotype. Although GM‐CSF pre‐treatment substantially increases mRNA of co‐stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II in isolated microglia, co‐cultured microglia await treatment with LPS to up‐regulate them. In contrast, western blot and immunocytochemical analysis revealed that it is not a failure of transcription or translation, nor is it a more rapid degradation of mRNA that is responsible for the low surface expression; rather microglia co‐cultured with astrocytes produce mRNA and protein but do not traffic the protein onto the cell surface.
Expression of Gα12 predicts progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Shih‐Jung , Liu Yi‐Ching , Cheng Shih‐Lung , Lee Jang‐Jaer , Chen Hsin‐Ming , Chang Hao‐Hueng , Kok Sang‐Heng , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundExpression of Gα12 is found to be associated with cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis.MethodsThis study used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of Gα12 protein in 100 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 45 specimens of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), and 36 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM).ResultsThe mean Gα12 labeling indices (LIs, defined as the percentage of positive cells in total cells) increased significantly from NOM (7 ± 11%) through OED (21 ± 20%) to OSCC samples (53 ± 33%, P < 0.001). The higher mean Gα12 LI was significantly associated with OSCCs with larger tumor size (P = 0.003), positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), or more advanced clinical stages (P = 0.003). Positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.039) and Gα12 LI > 50% (P = 0.009) were identified as independent unfavorable prognosis factors by multivariate analyses with Cox regression model. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier curve showed that OSCC patients with a Gα12 LI > 50% had a significantly poorer cumulative survival than those with a Gα12 LI ≤ 50% (log‐rank test, P = 0.009).ConclusionsOur results showed a stepwise and significant elevation in Gα12 protein expression from NOM through OED to OSCCs, suggesting that overexpression of Gα12 protein may be an early event in oral carcinogenesis and may play a pivotal role in oral cancer development. Moreover, the Gα12 protein can be a biomarker for prediction of the progression of OSCCs and the prognosis of patients with OSCC in Taiwan.
An investigation of social factors related to online mentalizing in a human‐robot competitive game
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Saito Chinatsu , Okada Hiroyuki , Omori Takashi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract“Mentalizing” is the ability to attribute mental states to other agents. The lack of online mentalizing, which is required in actual social contexts, may cause serious social disorders such as autism. However, the mechanism of online mentalizing is still unclear. In this study, we found that behavioral entropy (which indicates the randomness of decision making) was an efficient behavioral index for online mentalizing in a human‐human competitive game. Further participants played the game with a humanoid robot; the results indicated that the entropy was significantly higher in participants whose gaze followed the robot's head turn than in those who did not, although the explicit human‐likeness of the robot did not correlate with behavioral entropy. These results implied that mentalizing could be divided into two separate processes: an explicit, logical reasoning process and an implicit, intuitive process driven by perception of the other agent's gaze. We hypothesize that the latter is a core process for online mentalizing, and we argue that the social problems of autistic people are caused by dysfunction of this process.
A new method to determine the direction of impact: Asymmetry of concentric impact craters as observed in the field (Lockne), on Mars, in experiments, and simulations
Authors: Ormö Jens , Rossi Angelo P. , Housen Kevin R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMost impacts occur at an angle with respect to the horizontal plane. This is primarily reflected in the ejecta distribution, but at very low angle structural asymmetries such as elongation of the crater and nonradial development of the central peak become apparent. Unfortunately, impact craters with pristine ejecta layers are rare on Earth and also in areas with strong past or ongoing surface erosion on other planetary bodies, and the structural analysis of central peaks requires good exposures or even on‐site access to outcrop. However, target properties are known to greatly influence the shape of the crater, especially the relatively common target configuration of a weaker layer covering a more rigid basement. One such effect is the formation of concentric craters, i.e., a nested, deeper, inner crater surrounded by a shallow, outer crater. Here, we show that with decreasing impact angle there is a downrange shift of the outer crater with respect to the nested crater. We use a combination of (1) field observation and published 3‐D numerical simulation of one of the best examples of a terrestrial, concentric impact crater formed in a layered target with preserved ejecta layer: the Lockne crater, Sweden; (2) remote sensing data for three pristine, concentric impact craters on Mars with preserved ejecta layers further constraining the direction of impact; as well as (3) laboratory impact experiments, to develop the offset in crater concentricity into a complementary method to determine the direction of impact for layered‐target craters with poorly preserved ejecta layers.
The Human Nervous System: A Framework for Teaching and the Teaching Brain
Authors: Rodriguez Vanessa 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe teaching brain is a new concept that mirrors the complex, dynamic, and context‐dependent nature of the learning brain. In this article, I use the structure of the human nervous system and its sensing, processing, and responding components as a framework for a re‐conceptualized teaching system. This teaching system is capable of responses on an instinctual level (e.g., spinal cord teaching) as well as higher order student‐centered teaching and even more complex teaching brain teaching. At the most complex level the teacher and student engage in a synchronistic teaching flow that achieves the optimal teaching and learning experience.