bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating the Double‐Way Traffic of Cations and Anions in Ambipolar Polymer Cathodes for High‐Performing Aluminum Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Lian‐Wei , Zhang Chong , Ma Wenyan , Han Changzhi , Ai Xuan , Chen Yu , Xu Yunhua , Ji Xiulei , Jiang Jia‐Xing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe strong Coulombic interactions between Al3+ and traditional inorganic crystalline cathodes present a significant obstacle in developing high‐performance rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) that hold promise for safe and sustainable stationary energy storage. While accommodating chloroaluminate ions (AlCl4−, AlCl2+, etc.) in redox‐active organic compounds offers a promising solution for RABs, the issues of dissolution and low ionic/electronic conductivities plague the development of organic cathodes. Herein, electron donors are synthetically connected with acceptors to create crosslinked, bipolar‐conjugated polymer cathodes. These cathodes exhibit overlapped redox potential ranges for both donors and acceptors in highly concentrated AlCl3‐based ionic liquid electrolytes. This approach strategically enables on‐site doping of the polymer backbones during redox reactions involving both donor and acceptor units, thereby enhancing the electron/ion transfer kinetics within the resultant polymer cathodes. Based on the optimal donor/acceptor combination, the bipolar polymer cathodes can deliver a high specific capacity of 205 mAh g−1 by leveraging the co‐storage of AlCl4− and AlCl2+. The electrodes exhibit excellent rate performance, a stable cycle life of 60 000 cycles, and function efficiently at high mass loadings, i.e., 100 mg cm−2, and at low temperatures, i.e., −30 °C. The findings exemplify the exploration of high‐performing conjugated polymer cathodes for RABs through rational structural design.
Salt‐Assisted Recovery of Sodium Metal Anodes for High‐Rate Capability Sodium Batteries
Authors: Lin Jialin , Huang Pei , Naren Tuoya , Liang Chaoping , Zhou Liangjun , Chen Libao , Zhang Chunxiao , Ivey Douglas G. , Wei Weifeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRechargeable sodium metal batteries are considered to be one of the most promising high energy density and cost‐effective electrochemical energy storage systems. However, their practicality is constrained by the high reactivity of sodium metal anodes that readily brings about excessive accumulation of inactive Na species on the surface, either by chemical reactions with oxygen and moisture during electrode handling or through electrochemical processes with electrolytes during battery operation. Herein, this paper reports on an alkali, salt‐assisted, assembly‐polymerization strategy to recover Na activity and to reinforce the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) of sodium metal anodes. To achieve this, an alkali‐reactive coupling agent 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) is applied to convert inactive Na species into Si–O–Na coordination with a self‐assembly GPTMS layer that consists of inner O–Si–O networks and outer hydrophobic epoxides. As a result, the electrochemical activity of Na metal anodes can be fully recovered and the robust GPTMS‐derived SEI layer ensures high capacity and long‐term cycling under an ultrahigh rate of 30 C (93.1 mAh g−1, 94.8% after 3000 cycles). This novel process provides surface engineering clues on designing high power density and cost‐effective alkaline metal batteries.
Advanced Electrochromic Energy Storage Devices Based on Conductive Polymers
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Liu Qifan , Cheng Lukuan , Zhou Shiqiang , Chen Lina , Liang Guojin , Wei Jun , Mo Funian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the demand for multifunctional optoelectronic devices rises, the integration of electrochromic and energy storage functionalities represents a cutting‐edge pursuit in the electrochromic devices domain. The realm of conductive polymer‐based electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs) stands as a vibrant area marked by ongoing research and development. Despite a plethora of individual research articles exploring various facets within this domain, there exists a conspicuous dearth of comprehensive reviews systematically scrutinizing the advancements, challenges, and potentials intrinsic to these systems. To fill this void, this review systematically outlines the latest progressions in EESDs centered on conductive conjugated polymers (CPs). The review commences with a thorough exploration of the foundational principles underpinning EESDs, encompassing their operational mechanisms, device configurations, and representative key performance indicators. Furthermore, the review categorizes diverse conductive polymers, shedding light on the latest advancements in EESD research utilizing these specific CP variants. This in‐depth analysis centers on their collaborative role in shaping electrochromic energy storage devices. Overall, this review is poised to captivate the interest of researchers toward state‐of‐the‐art CP‐based EESDs, establishing these pioneering technologies as pivotal contenders in defining the forthcoming landscape of wearable electronics, portable devices, and advanced energy storage systems.
Directing Group Guided Site‐Selective Alkylation of Indoles by Epoxides: Synthesis of β‐Indolylethyl Alcohol Derivatives
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Kumar Mohit , Rastogi Anushka , Khan Raziullah , Gangwar Manoj Kumar , Koley Dipankar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA Palladium catalyzed C4‐ alkylation of indoles using epoxide as an alkylating agent and pivaloyl as a weak chelating group has been demonstrated. A variety of substituted epoxides and indoles furnished the desired β‐indolylethyl alcohols in 38%–87% yields. Control experiments indicate that the C−H cleavage step is irreversible. The resultant hydroxyl group has been converted to various functional groups to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this protocol.
Nanostructured Hybrid Polymer‐Lipid Drug Delivery Platforms for Rapamycin Repositioning in Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Scialabba Cinzia , Codenotti Silvia , Mandracchia Delia , Cabibbo Marta , Fanzani Alessandro , Craparo Emanuela Fabiola , Cavallaro Gennara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHere, hybrid polymer‐lipid nanoparticles are designed as colloidal carriers for Rapamycin, to improve the aqueous drug stability and to support the drug repositioning for cancer treatment, that is, against rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). With this aim, Rapamycin – loaded hybrid nanoparticles are produced by using as nanoparticle core a graft copolymer obtained from the functionalization of the α,β‐poly(N‐2‐hydroxyethyl)‐DL‐aspartamide (PHEA) with Rhodamine B (RhB), Polylactic acid (PLA), the PHEA‐g‐RhB‐g‐PLA, and different phospholipids, that is, 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPPC) coated, pegylated and Mannose/PEG, for the surface coating. The drug loading of these samples allows for controlled release, and improves drug stability at pH 5.5 and 7.4 compared to the free drug. Chemical‐physical characterization confirms the nanostructure size below 200 nm, ideal for systemic administration, and easy re‐dispersibility in aqueous media. Moreover, biological characterization to test the potential use as antitumor agent shows induction of cytotoxicity in human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and macrophage (RAW) cell lines in a time‐ and concentration – dependent manner, and stimulated autophagy, comparable to the free drug. The uptake study following the fluorescence of the copolymer reveals that the hybrid nanoparticles are internalized by both tested cell lines, with a significantly higher amounts of internalized particles in the case of surface mannosylated and/or pegylated systems.
Unveiling Ion Dynamics in the Electric‐Double Layer Under Piezoionic Actuation of Chemo‐Mechanical Energy Harvesters
Authors: Kim Youngoh , Kim Keon Jung , Kim Shi Hyeong , Choi Joonmyung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the ion dynamics within the electric double layer (EDL) is crucial for maximizing the potential of chemo‐mechanical energy harvesters. This study elucidates the electrochemical response of EDL to the compressive mechanical stimulation of carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns from the perspective of ion adsorption. The results revealed that H3O+ contributed to the ionic capacitance of the EDL by forming a polarized layer with Cl− on the outer Helmholtz plane. The unique molecular shape, compatible with spx hybridized orbitals of CNTs also enhance surface adsorption properties. In contrast, Cl− provides a strong electrostatic potential to the electrode, which has electronic structures incompatible with the spx hybridized orbitals of CNTs. The differing dynamic behaviors of these two ions jointly induce delamination of the cationic and anionic layers, as well as unipolarization of the EDL under mechanical compression of the microstructure. The ion dynamics revealed by multiscale simulations satisfactorily explain the experimentally observed high ion capacitance and energy conversion process of the HCl‐based EDL.
The ADNI PET Core at 20
Authors: Jagust William J. , Koeppe Robert A. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Villemagne Victor L. , Harrison Theresa M. , Landau Susan M. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2024

Abstract The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) PET Core has evolved over time, beginning with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of a subsample of participants with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET, adding tracers for measurement of β‐amyloid, followed by tau tracers. This review examines the evolution of the ADNI PET Core, the novel aspects of PET imaging in each stage of ADNI, and gives an accounting of PET images available in the ADNI database. The ADNI PET Core has been and continues to be a rich resource that provides quantitative PET data and preprocessed PET images to the scientific community, allowing interrogation of both basic and clinically relevant questions. By standardizing methods across different PET scanners and multiple PET tracers, the Core has demonstrated the feasibility of large‐scale, multi‐center PET studies. Data managed and disseminated by the PET Core has been critical to defining pathophysiological models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and helped to drive methods used in modern therapeutic trials.Highlights
The ADNI PET Core began with FDG‐PET and now includes three amyloid and three tau PET ligands.
The PET Core has standardized acquisition and analysis of multitracer PET images.
The ADNI PET Core helped to develop methods that have facilitated clinical trials in AD.
Moisture barriers used in firefighters' protective clothing: Effect of accelerated ultraviolet radiation aging on their mechanical and barrier performance
Authors: Munevar‐Ortiz Laura , Nychka John A. , Dolez Patricia I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFirefighters rely on their protective clothing as a second skin to perform their job. In the middle of this multilayered protective garment, the moisture barrier plays a vital role in preventing liquids to enter while allowing perspiration to escape. This research delves into the impact of accelerated ultraviolet (UV) aging on the performance of firefighter protective clothing moisture barriers, focusing on tear force retention, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and wetting via apparent contact angle. Changes in the tearing behavior and reductions in the tear force and tearing distance were observed after aging. Additionally, a reduction in WVTR was found for all the moisture barriers, due to pore closure in the ePTFE/FR PU membrane. In terms of water repellency, the base fabric side of one moisture barrier experienced a transition from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic potentially due to the degradation of the water‐repellent finish. The investigation also revealed that, due to the screening effect by the outer shell fabric, only a low percentage of UV radiation received by the turnout gear, less than 2% in the UVA range, may reach the moisture barrier. These results indicate the need to consider realistic exposure scenarios when assessing moisture barrier service life.
Highly active iron oxide@N catalyst derived from the iron acetate/polyacrylonitrile threads: Driving nitroarene conversion to value‐added amines
Authors: Rubab Anosha , Sharif Muhammad , Razzaq Rauf , Jackstell Ralf , Nafady Ayman , Weiß Jana , Sohail Manzar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChemoselective reduction of nitroarenes to corresponding arylamines is a significant reaction in the chemical industry. However, in the presence of other reducible groups, including halogenated nitrobenzene, nitrobiphenyl, and nitroquinoline in the same molecule of nitroaromatics, the control of chemoselectivity remains challenging. Here, a facile fabrication of a heterogeneous iron‐based catalyst is reported as a potential alternative to precious metal catalysts for the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes. The pyrolysis of iron acetate/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) template under an inert atmosphere furnishes active Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped (N‐doped) carbon layers, which can provide more catalytic active sites (Fe3O4/PAN@800). Notably, non‐precious iron oxide NPs supported on N‐doped carbon support prevent aggregation, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity. The sustainable and reusable Fe3O4/PAN@800 catalyst, having only 0.8% metal content as demonstrated by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, delivers excellent yields of corresponding amines from differently functionalized nitroarenes. Hydrogenation of a series of structurally functionalized nitroarenes produced excellent yields of anilines, which serve as building blocks and intermediates for fine and bulk chemicals. Hydrogenation of 2‐chloro‐3‐nitropyridine, 2‐nitro‐1,1′‐biphenyl, ortho‐nitroaniline, and 4‐aminophenyl acrylonitrile yielded respective anilines up to 99%. The active sites of Fe3O4 have magnetic performance, hence, the catalyst can be easily recovered using a magnet and reused for at least five cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity. Therefore, the easily prepared, cost‐effective, and reusable Fe3O4/PAN@800 catalyst presented in this study shows potential for applications in the selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Consequently, this study potentially establishes a guideline for the facile preparation of abundant transition‐non‐noble metal‐based reusable supported catalysts for various applications in the chemical industry.
Consolidation performance and mechanism of composite dust suppressant based on graft modification
Authors: Yu Yanbin , Wang Chujun , Zhou Bo , Cheng Weimin , Liu Yalin , Li Sai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo solve the severe coal dust pollution and dust hazards in underground coal mines, this study utilized graft copolymerization modification technology and compound technology to develop a mining composite consolidation dust suppressant. On this basis, analysis of its consolidation wettability and dust suppression mechanism was conducted through characterization tests and molecular dynamics simulation methods. The results show that polyacrylamide (PAM) had been successfully grafted onto the soybean protein isolate (SPI) molecule, and form a SPI‐PAM complex. After the dust suppressant acted on the coal dust surface, it utilized its wealthy hydrophilic groups, for the adsorption of water molecules and the positive amide group for binding to produce a large area of agglomeration of coal dust particles at the interface, exhibiting good wetting and consolidation into a shell. At the same time, molecular dynamic simulation verified that the diffusivity of water molecules in the dust suppressant‐coal system was 0.30Å2/ps, decreased by 43.3%, and the interaction energy with coal molecules was −200.27 kcal/mol, absolute value increased by 41.35%, which made the dust suppressant molecules more easily adsorb and agglomerate on the surface, demonstrated an excellent solidification and dust suppression effect.
Improving durability and efficiency in passive direct ethanol fuel cells using a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol/epoxidized natural rubber membrane
Authors: Wani Ajaz Ahmad , Zakaria Zulfirdaus , Othman Nadras , Shuib Raa Khimi , Shaari Norazuwana , Yusof Nurul Hayati 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel biodegradable polymer electrolyte membrane with reduced fuel crossover, high selectivity, and high conductivity compared with Nafion 117 membrane in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) has been reported. Herein, polyvinyl alcohol/epoxidized natural rubber (PVA/ENR) blend membranes were synthesized via a simple solution casting method and applied in DEFCs. The structural and physicochemical features of the PVA/ENR blend membranes were examined using FESEM, FTIR, XRD, water absorption, ethanol uptake, swelling ratio and oxidative stability. ENR enhances the chemical, structural, and mechanical characteristics of PVA, making it a valuable material in fuel cell applications. The incorporation of ENR into the PVA matrix results in a compact morphology, excessive multifunctional groups, low fuel crossover, and high selectivity. The optimum membrane thickness achieves the highest selectivity, reaching up to 12.32 × 104 S s cm−3 at 30°C. Additionally, the maximum power density achieved is 19.52 mW cm−2, surpassing that of the Nafion membrane, which is only 14.55 mW cm−2 at 90°C. Furthermore, this biodegradable membrane can sustain operation for 1000 h at 90°C, owing to its ability to maintain hydration for an extended period. This study represents the first attempt to combine PVA and ENR in fuel cells.
Design of silver nanoparticle‐embedded nano zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks for highly sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos in real samples
Authors: Mahajan Mahendra R. , Patil Pravin O. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChlorpyrifos (CPS) is widely found in food and water sources due to agricultural use, posing health and environmental risks. Therefore, this work introduces a fluorescent sensor design of silver nanoparticle‐embedded nano zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks (UiO‐66‐NH2@AgNPs) for accurate examination of CPS. Briefly, UiO‐66‐NH2 was synthesized hydrothermally, exhibiting weak luminescence owed to ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT). Here, it limits its direct utility in fluorescence‐based detection. To address this limitation, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were introduced into UiO‐66‐NH2, enhancing fluorescence via the metal‐enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effect. Briefly, a comprehensive spectral analysis such as XPS, SEM, TEM, PXRD, etc., was performed to validate the synthesis of UiO‐66‐NH2@AgNPs. Subsequent evaluation revealed that CPS effectively quenched the luminescence intensity of UiO‐66‐NH2@AgNPs through a static quenching mechanism. The fluorescence intensity exhibited good linearity with CPS concentration in the span of 10 to 1,000 ng/mL, with a recognition limit of 191.5 ng/mL(S/N = 3). The interaction involved Ag‐S bond formation and electrostatic interactions, reducing fluorescence intensity. The method was confirmed through successful CPS detection in fruit samples. The UiO‐66‐NH2@AgNPs nanoprobe offers a simple, sensitive, and accurate platform for CPS sensing, with potential for future use in detecting CPS in fruits and vegetables.
Noncirculating current series resonant converter with pulse frequency modulation
Authors: Ning Guangfu , Du Litao , Dai Ben , Su Mei , Xiong Wenjing , Xu Jingtao , Xu Guo 
Published: August 2024

SummaryIn this paper, an asymmetric pulse frequency modulation (APFM) is applied to the full‐bridge series resonant converter with a secondary LC resonant tank. Different from the traditional PFM, the upper and lower switches have complementary gate drivers and the lower switches have constant on time of half‐resonant period in this paper. Thanks to the resonant tank moved to the secondary side with the adopted APFM, the maximum magnetic flux density Bm of a high‐frequency transformer (HFT) is only concerned with the fixed resonant frequency rather than the variable switching frequency. Hence, the switching frequency can be widely regulated, as well as the voltage gain. Furthermore, the circulating current flowing back to the input voltage source in the traditional LC series resonant converter can be eliminated by the APFM, leading to a low resonant current peak value. The operation principles and characteristics of the adopted method are analyzed in detail. Finally, a 500 W/70–120 V to 300 V/21–180 kHz prototype is built, and the experimental results verified the theoretical analysis well.
Double‐order negative group delay filtering function: A brilliant capability of the bilinear double‐order transfer function
Authors: Banchuin Rawid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, the capability to generate the negative group delay (NGD) phenomenon at those frequencies higher than a certain value, that is, the NGD high‐pass (HP) filtering function, of the bilinear double‐order transfer function has been demonstrated. Based on the Type‐I bilinear double‐order filter circuit, our theory has been verified by strong agreements between the formulae and their proof‐of‐concept (POC) circuit‐based simulation results. Both formula‐based and POC circuit‐based simulations give the minimum group delay of −5 ms yet the cut‐off frequency of 10 and 9 rad/s, respectively. Such slight deviation is caused by the approximation error of the bilinear double‐order impedance. By employing two orders, the bilinear double‐order transfer function has been found to be the basis transfer function for the NGD filtering function with the highest degree of freedom. Based on our design equation for the NGD filtering function, it can be seen that the distances between zero and pole and the characteristic frequency of the bilinear double‐order transfer function are governed by such characteristic frequency itself, the cut‐off frequency of the NGD filtering function, and the fractional order of the Laplacian operator. In addition, the effects of the fractional order of the Laplacian operator, the fractional order of the transfer function, and the ratio of the abovementioned distances to the characteristics of the newly found double‐order NGD filtering function have been studied in detail.
Observational evidence of egg guarding in wild European squid
Authors: Hernández‐Urcera Jorge , González Ángel F. , Escolano Felipe , Cabanellas‐Reboredo Miguel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is accepted that loliginids, like other squid, deposit their eggs in crevices on the seabed and then abandon them. In this work, we present observational evidence of egg guarding behavior in wild European squid, Loligo vulgaris. While monitoring a squid spawning crevice at night in Spain, a large mass of squid eggs was located and filmed 17 times during 42 days, until hatching. A male and a female of L. vulgaris were filmed in front of the crevice. The same male was filmed guarding the eggs on consecutive days. In the presence of the divers, male and female alternated their approaches to the crevice repeatedly touching and flushing the egg clusters. This guarding behavior differs from the reproductive habits assumed for the European squid and could represent the first evidence of egg guarding by a male in cephalopods.