bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal xenoliths from Tallante (Betic Cordillera, Spain): insights into the crust–mantle boundary
Authors: BIANCHINI GIANLUCA , BRAGA ROBERTO , LANGONE ANTONIO 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe volcano of Tallante (Pliocene) in the Betic Cordillera (Spain) exhumed a heterogeneous xenolith association, including ultramafic mantle rocks and diverse crustal lithologies. The latter include metagabbroids and felsic rocks characterized by quartz-rich parageneses containing spinel ± garnet ± sillimanite ± feldspars. Pressure–temperature estimates for felsic xenoliths overlap (at 0.7–0.8 GPa) those recorded by the mantle-derived peridotite xenoliths. Therefore, we propose that an intimate association of interlayered crust and mantle lithologies characterizes the crust–mantle boundary in this area. This scenario conforms to evidence provided by the neighbouring massifs of Ronda and Beni Bousera (and by other peri-Mediterranean deep crust/mantle sections) where exhumation of fossil crust–mantle boundary reveals that this boundary is not sharp. The results are discussed on the basis of recent geophysical and petrological studies emphasizing that in non-cratonic regions the crust–mantle boundary is often characterized by a gradational nature showing inter-fingering of heterogeneous lithologies. Silica-rich melts formed within the crustal domains intruded the surrounding mantle and induced metasomatism. The resulting hybrid crust–mantle domains thus provide suitable sources for exotic magma types such as the Mediterranean lamproites.
Structural modelling studies and immunoprophylactic potential ofBrugia malayiDEAD Box RNA helicase
Authors: SINGH MEGHNA , SHRIVASTAVA NIDHI , SAQIB UZMA , SIDDIQI MOHAMMAD IMRAN , MISRA-BHATTACHARYA SHAILJA 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYDEAD Box RNA helicases are essential enzymes that are involved in RNA metabolic processes such as transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, translation initiation and RNA decay. We have previously over-expressed and biochemically characterized an immunodominant cDNA clone encoding DEAD box RNA helicase (BmL3-Helicase) isolated by immunoscreening of the larval stage cDNA library ofBrugia malayi.In the current study, the 3D structure was determined and the immunoprophylactic efficacy of BmL3-Helicase was investigated by immunizingMastomys couchawith the recombinant protein and subsequently challenging withB. malayiinfective larvae. The immunization had an adverse outcome on the establishment of challenged larvae resulting in a 67·4% reduction in adult parasite recovery, a 86·7% decrease in the microfilarial density and profound sterility of the recovered female worms. The immune response thus generated was investigated by measuring the levels of specific antibodies including IgG subclasses, reactive oxygen species and cytokines.
In vivo efficacy of PF1022A and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists alone and in combination against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
Authors: KULKE DANIEL , KRÜCKEN JÜRGEN , HARDER ACHIM , KREBBER RALPH , FRAATZ KRISTINE , MEHLHORN HEINZ , VON SAMSON-HIMMELSTJERNA GEORG 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe cyclooctadepsipeptide PF1022A and the aminophenylamidines amidantel, deacylated amidantel (dAMD) and tribendimidine were tested as examples for drug classes potentially interesting for development as anthelmintics against human helminthiases. These compounds and levamisole were tested alone and in combination to determine their efficacy against the rat hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. After three oral treatments, intestinal worms were counted. Drug effects on parasite morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Plasma pharmacokinetics were determined for tribendimidine and dAMD. All drugs reduced worm burden in a dose-dependent manner, however amidantel was significantly less active than the other aminophenylamidines. Combinations of tribendimidine and dAMD with levamisole or PF1022A at suboptimal doses revealed additive effects. While PF1022A caused virtually no changes in morphology, levamisole, dAMD and tribendimidine caused severe contraction, particularly in the hind body region. Worms exposed to combinations of PF1022A and aminophenylamidines were indistinguishable from worms exposed only to aminophenylamidines. After oral treatment with tribendimidine, only the active metabolite dAMD was detectable in plasma and concentrations were not significantly different for oral treatment with dAMD. The results support further evaluation of cyclooctadepsipeptides alone and in combination with cholinergic drugs to improve efficacy. Combining these with registered drugs may help to prevent development of resistance.
Artificial moment method using attractive points for the local path planning of a single robot in complicated dynamic environments
Authors: Xu Wang-bao , Zhao Jie , Chen Xue-bo , Zhang Ying 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYA novel path planner is presented for the local path planning of a single robot (represented withR) in a complicated dynamic environment. Here a series ofattractive pointsare computed based onattractive segmentsfor guidingRto move along a shorter path. Each attractive segment is obtained by using the full environmental knowledge and will be used for several sampling times in general. A motion controller, which is designed based on artificial moments and a robot model that has a principal motion direction line(PMDline), makesRmove closely to attractive points while away from obstacles. Attractive and repulsive moments are designed, which only makeR's PMDline face toward attractive points and opposite to obstacles in general, as in most cases,Rwill move along its PMDline with its full speed. Because of the guidance of attractive points andR's full-speed motion, the global convergence is guaranteed. Simulations indicate that the proposed path planner meets the requirements of real-time property while can optimizeR's traveling path.
Design and operation of a 2-DOF leg–wheel hybrid robot
Authors: Ottaviano Erika , Rea Pierluigi 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper the design and operation for a 2-Degree-of-Freedom, leg–wheel hybrid mobile robot are presented. A prototype of a low-cost and easy-to-use system, which is capable of straight walking and steering with two actuators only, has been designed and built. Simulation and experimental tests have been carried out to verify the engineering feasibility and operation of the proposed solution. The designed robot can be used for applications such as surveillance and inspection of disaster sites.
Spinach seed quality: potential for combining seed size grading and chlorophyll fluorescence sorting
Authors: Deleuran Lise C. , Olesen Merete H. , Boelt Birte 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSpinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seed quality is important for subsequent establishment of baby leaf and other spinach products. The indeterminate flowering pattern in spinach produces seeds of different sizes, and consequently a non-uniform seed lot. Sorting seeds based on novel sorting methods might therefore improve the establishment of spinach for producers. Spinach seeds were harvested at five different times (H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5) starting 3 weeks before estimated optimum harvest time. The harvested seeds were sorted according to chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) and seed size. Two harvest times 6 d apart were selected for further studies of seed development and germination counts. Analysis of mean germination time (MGT) of four germination counts (3, 7, 14 and 21 d) showed that smaller seed sizes ( < 3.25 mm) have lower MGT than seeds of larger sizes (>3.25 mm). A larger proportion of 2.5–3.25 mm size seeds had germinated on day 3 than both their larger and smaller counterparts at the later time of harvest (H4). Seeds with a diameter below 2.5 mm displayed the lowest MGT. Commercially, the use of chlorophyll fluorescence (CF)-sorted seeds, in combination with seed size sorting, may provide a useful tool for enhancing seed quality. Here our results demonstrate that a greater number of seeds with a low CF level had germinated on day 3 compared to the seeds with high CF levels. It is of relevance to develop a technology that could identify seeds that are sufficiently developed to germinate and successfully establish in the field regardless of seed size.
Is there an association between cortical thickness, age of onset, and duration of illness in schizophrenia?
Authors: Assunção Leme Idaiane Batista , Gadelha Ary , Sato João Ricardo , Kiyomi Ota Vanessa , de Jesus Mari Jair , Melaragno Maria Isabel , de Arruda Cardoso Smith Marilia , Nogueira Belangero Sintia Iole , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Jackowski Andrea Parolin 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveSeveral studies have shown cortical volume loss in frontotemporal regions in schizophrenia patients, and it is known that these reductions may be associated with disease symptoms and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to investigate possible cortical thickness correlations in frontotemporal regions in relation to age at onset and duration of illness.MethodsOne hundred forty-eight schizophrenia patients (97 males; age and SD 36.30 ± 10.06) and 87 (57 males; age and SD 36.48 ± 10.10) age-matched healthy subjects underwent a brain MRI scan. Cortical segmentation and surface statistical analysis were performed using the FreeSurfer software package. Results were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Monte Carlo method considering a cluster-corrected Type I Error of 5%.ResultsCompared to controls, schizophrenia patients presented significant cortical thinning in the frontotemporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. No correlation between prefrontal cortex thickness and duration of illness in patients with schizophrenia or between frontotemporal cortical thickness and age at onset was found. However, a significant interaction between age and diagnosis was observed on frontal cortical thickness with patients presenting a thinner cortex than expected for age.ConclusionAlthough there was no correlation between age of onset and duration of illness with brain volume, our findings suggest that there is an accelerated cortical loss in schizophrenia, thus reinforcing the progressive processes of the disease.
Adsorption Kinetics of DPPG Liposome Layers: A Quantitative Analysis of Surface Roughness
Authors: Duarte Andreia A. , Filipe Sérgio L. , Abegão Luís M.G. , Gomes Paulo J. , Ribeiro Paulo A. , Raposo Maria 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRoughness of a positively charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) polyelectrolyte surface was shown to strongly influence the adsorption of 1.2-dipalmitoyl-sn-3-glycero-[phosphorrac-(1-glycerol)] (DPPG) liposomes on it. The adsorption kinetic curves of DPPG liposomes onto a low-roughness PAH layer reveal an adsorbed amount of 5 mg/m2, pointing to liposome rupture, whereas a high-roughness surface leads to adsorbed amounts of 51 mg/m2, signifying adsorption of intact liposomes. The adsorption kinetic parameters calculated from adsorption kinetic curves allow us to conclude that the adsorption process is due to electrostatic interactions and also depends on processes such as diffusion and reorganization of lipids on the surface. Analysis of the roughness kinetics enabled us to calculate a growth exponent of 0.19 ± 0.07 and a roughness exponent of around 0.84, revealing that DPPG liposomes adsorbed onto rough surfaces follow the Villain self-affine model. By relating self-affine surfaces with hydrophobicity, the liposome integrity was explained by the reduction in the number of water molecules on the PAH surface, contributing to counterion anchorage near PAH ionic groups, reducing the liposome/PAH layer electrostatic forces and, consequently, avoiding liposome rupture.
FELL BUNDLES AND IMPRIMITIVITY THEOREMS: MANSFIELD’S AND FELL’S THEOREMS
Authors: KALISZEWSKI S. , MUHLY PAUL S. , QUIGG JOHN , WILLIAMS DANA P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the third and latest paper in this series, we recover the imprimitivity theorems of Mansfield and Fell using our technique of Fell bundles over groupoids. Also, we apply the Rieffel surjection of the first paper in the series to relate our version of Mansfield’s theorem to that of an Huef and Raeburn, and to give an automatic amenability result for certain transformation Fell bundles.
Unexceptional exceptionalism: the origins of American football in a transnational context
Authors: Collins Tony 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article explores the origins and early history of American football in relation to the development of rugby and similar codes in the English-speaking world of the last third of the nineteenth century. It suggests that the traditional narrative description of the emergence of the American game – which is ascribed in large part to the individual initiative of Walter Camp – fails to situate the sport in the context of the wider, transnational dynamics of the development of the various handling codes of football. In particular, it contends that the common assumption that the gridiron game's early development was a sporting expression of American exceptionalism is mistaken and that it only acquired its distinctive national character in the early twentieth century.
Cricket and globalization: global processes and the imperial game
Authors: Mustafa Fahad 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to reposition sport as a subject of analysis in ‘global historical’ processes. It examines the diffusion of cricket in the British empire, its appropriation by the colonies, and the subsequent commercialization of the sport. It asks the question: how did an elite English sport come to be one controlled by a former colony – India? With this as the substantive question, it seeks to develop theoretical insights about the nature of global processes and cultural transfers in the twentieth century. By way of conclusion, it asserts that, as a result of these global processes, there was a tangible shift in the ‘cultural economy’ of sports from the developed nations of the West to the developing nations.
Cognitive behaviour therapy using the Clark & Wells model: a case study of a Japanese social anxiety disorder patient
Authors: Yoshinaga Naoki , Kobori Osamu , Iyo Masaomi , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is widely regarded as an effective treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Europe and North America. The theoretical orientations underlying CBT models and treatment interventions developed in Western cultures were typically constrained by Western conceptualizations of SAD. This case study reports on the use of CBT for Japanese SAD, demonstrating the successful implementation of cognitive techniques grounded in the Clark & Wells model. The patient was a Japanese female with excessively high standards for workplace social performance. Therapy mainly comprised case formulation, behavioural experiments, and opinion surveying based on the Clark & Wells model. These techniques allowed the patient to reduce the strength of maladaptive cognitions and lower her excessively high standards for social performance. CBT treatment using the Clark & Wells model was effective and suitable for Japanese SAD, at least in the present case. We also discuss the cross-cultural differences of SAD and adaptation of CBT.
Committed changes in tropical tree cover under the projected 21st century climate change
Authors: Zeng Zhenzhong , Piao Shilong , Chen Anping , Lin Xin , Nan Huijuan , Li Junsheng , Ciais Philippe 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWarming and drought pose a serious threat to tropical forest. Yet the extent of this threat is uncertain, given the lack of methods to evaluate the forest tree cover changes under future climate predicted by complex dynamic vegetation models. Here we develop an empirical approach based on the observed climate space of tropical trees to estimate the maximum potential tropical tree cover (MPTC) in equilibrium with a given climate. We show that compared to present-day (2000–2009) conditions, MPTC will be reduced by 1 to 15% in the tropical band under equilibrium future (2090–2099) climate conditions predicted by 19 IPCC climate models. Tropical forests are found to regress or disappear mainly in the current transition zones between forest and savanna ecosystems. This climate pressure on tropical forests, added to human-caused land use pressure, poses a grand challenge to the sustainability of the world's largest biomass carbon pool.
Spinocerebellar ataxia-13 Kv3.3 potassium channels: arginine-to-histidine mutations affect both functional and protein expression on the cell surface
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zhu Jing , Thornhill William B. 
Published: June 2013

The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv3.3 is the causative gene of SCA13 (spinocerebellar ataxia type 13), an autosomal dominant neurological disorder. The four dominant mutations identified to date cause Kv3.3 channels to be non-functional or have altered gating properties in Xenopus oocytes. In the present paper, we report that SCA13 mutations affect functional as well as protein expression of Kv3.3 channels in a mammalian cell line. The reduced protein level of SCA13 mutants is caused by a shorter protein half-life, and blocking the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway increases the total protein of SCA13 mutants more than wild-type. SCA13 mutated amino acids are highly conserved, and the side chains of these residues play a critical role in the stable expression of Kv3.3 proteins. In addition, we show that mutant Kv3.3 protein levels could be partially rescued by treatment with the chemical chaperone TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) and to a lesser extent with co-expression of Kv3.1b. Thus our results suggest that amino acid side chains of SCA13 positions affect the protein half-life and/or function of Kv3.3, and the adverse effect on protein expression cannot be fully rescued.
Target inference from collections of genomic intervals
Authors: Krasnitz Alexander , Sun Guoli , Andrews Peter , Wigler Michael 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Recent innovations facilitate collecting genome-wide data from organisms, tissues, or individual cells. Analysis of the data commonly produce long lists of genomic intervals whose meaning is context-dependent. For example, an interval may signify a genomic region of cancer-related DNA copy number variation. We propose a method of explaining such data in terms of a much smaller number of fundamental recurrent intervals called “cores.” Cores are useful, first, as a basis for studying subpopulation structure in a given primary tumor or metastasis; and, second, in delineating patterns of copy number aberrations in a given cancer type.
Partially overdetermined problem in some integral equations
Authors: Lv Boqiang , Li Fengquan , Zou Weilin 
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we consider the partially overdetermined problem in integral equations as follows:

{

u
(
x
)
=
A

∫

Ω

1

|

x
−
y

|

n
−
α

u
p

(
y
)
d
y
+
B
,

a
m
p
;
x
∈
Ω
,

u
>
0
,

a
m
p
;
x
∈
Ω
,

u
=
C
,

a
m
p
;
x
∈
Γ
⊆
∂
Ω
,

\begin{align} \begin {cases} u(x)=A \int _{\Omega }\frac {1}{|x-y|^{n-\alpha }}u^p(y)dy+B,~~&x\in \Omega ,\\ u>0, ~~&x\in \Omega , \\ u=C,~~&x\in \Gamma \subseteq \partial \Omega ,\notag \end{cases} \end{align}

where

0
>
α
>
n
,

p
>

n

n
−
α

,

A
,

B
,

C

0>\alpha >n, ~p>\frac {n}{n-\alpha }, ~A,~ B,~ C

are positive constants,

Ω
⊂

R
n

(
n
≥
2
)

\Omega \subset R^n\ (n\geq 2)

is a bounded domain with

∂
Ω
∈

C
1

\partial \Omega \in C^1

, and

Γ
\Gamma

is a proper open set of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

. Under some assumptions on the geometry of

Γ
\Gamma

, we prove that

Ω
\Omega

must be a ball and

u
u

is radially symmetric and monotone decreasing with respect to the radius.
REDItools: high-throughput RNA editing detection made easy
Authors: Picardi Ernesto , Pesole Graziano 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Summary: The reliable detection of RNA editing sites from massive sequencing data remains challenging and, although several methodologies have been proposed, no computational tools have been released to date. Here, we introduce REDItools a suite of python scripts to perform high-throughput investigation of RNA editing using next-generation sequencing data.
Availability and implementation: REDItools are in python programming language and freely available at http://code.google.com/p/reditools/.
Contact: ernesto.picardi@uniba.it or graziano.pesole@uniba.it
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
WhichCyp: prediction of cytochromes P450 inhibition
Authors: Rostkowski Michał , Spjuth Ola , Rydberg Patrik 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Summary: In this work we present WhichCyp, a tool for prediction of which cytochromes P450 isoforms (among 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4) a given molecule is likely to inhibit. The models are built from experimental high-throughput data using support vector machines and molecular signatures.
Availability: The WhichCyp server is freely available for use on the web at http://drug.ku.dk/whichcyp, where the WhichCyp Java program and source code is also available for download.
Contact: pry@sund.ku.dk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GSATools: analysis of allosteric communication and functional local motions using a structural alphabet
Authors: Pandini Alessandro , Fornili Arianna , Fraternali Franca , Kleinjung Jens 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Motivation: GSATools is a free software package to analyze conformational ensembles and to detect functional motions in proteins by means of a structural alphabet. The software integrates with the widely used GROMACS simulation package and can generate a range of graphical outputs. Three applications can be supported: (i) investigation of the conformational variability of local structures; (ii) detection of allosteric communication; and (iii) identification of local regions that are critical for global functional motions. These analyses provide insights into the dynamics of proteins and allow for targeted design of functional mutants in theoretical and experimental studies.
Availability: The C source code of the GSATools, along with a set of pre-compiled binaries, is freely available under GNU General Public License from http://mathbio.nimr.mrc.ac.uk/wiki/GSATools.
Contact: alessandro.pandini@kcl.ac.uk or jkleinj@nimr.mrc.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.