bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Density, Turnover, and Estimated Strength in Postmenopausal Women Treated With Odanacatib: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Brixen Kim , Chapurlat Roland , Cheung Angela M. , Keaveny Tony M. , Fuerst Thomas , Engelke Klaus , Recker Robert , Dardzinski Bernard , Verbruggen Nadia , Ather Shabana , Rosenberg Elizabeth , de Papp Anne E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractContext:Odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor, increases spine and hip areal bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with low BMD and cortical thickness in ovariectomized monkeys.Objective:The objective of the study was to examine the impact of odanacatib on the trabecular and cortical bone compartments and estimated strength at the hip and spine.Design:This was a randomized, double-blind, 2-year trial.Setting:The study was conducted at a private or institutional practice.Participants:Participants included 214 postmenopausal women with low areal BMD.Intervention:The intervention included odanacatib 50 mg or placebo weekly.Main Outcome Measures:Changes in areal BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (primary end point, 1 year areal BMD change at lumbar spine), bone turnover markers, volumetric BMD by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and bone strength estimated by finite element analysis were measured.Results:Year 1 lumbar spine areal BMD percent change from baseline was 3.5% greater with odanacatib than placebo (P &lt; .001). Bone-resorption marker C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen was significantly lower with odanacatib vs placebo at 6 months and 2 years (P &lt; .001). Bone-formation marker procollagen I N-terminal peptide initially decreased with odanacatib but by 2 years did not differ from placebo. After 6 months, odanacatib-treated women had greater increases in trabecular volumetric BMD and estimated compressive strength at the spine and integral and trabecular volumetric BMD and estimated strength at the hip (P &lt; .001). At the cortical envelope of the femoral neck, bone mineral content, thickness, volume, and cross-sectional area also increased from baseline with odanacatib vs placebo (P &lt; .001 at 24 months). Adverse experiences were similar between groups.Conclusions:Over 2 years, odanacatib decreased bone resorption, maintained bone formation, increased areal and volumetric BMD, and increased estimated bone strength at both the hip and spine.
Thermodynamic Modelling of Phosphorus in Steelmaking Slags
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Zhang Ling , Lehmann Jean 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe published phase diagrams of some key P2O5-containing systems which are relevant to the steelmaking slag and the available experimental data on phosphorus partitioning between liquid iron and slags consisting of SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-FeO-MnO-MgO-CaO-Na2O have been reviewed and assessed. A set of data under carefully controlled experimental conditions, which was considered to be more reliable based on the assessment, was selected for optimising the generalised central atom (GCA) model parameters of phosphorus-containing slag systems. The developed model database is proved to be able to represent the liquidus temperature of some key P2O5-containing systems and the phosphorus distribution ratio between the steelmaking slags and liquid iron reasonably well. With the developed GCA model database, the dephosphorization reaction in the steelmaking process was modelled under various operating conditions such as slag chemistry and temperature. The results show that the phosphorus distribution ratio between the slags and liquid iron displays a maximum point with variation of the FeOx content in the slag. It also shows that the phosphorus deportment to the slag is favored by decreasing the operating temperature and MgO content, and increasing the CaO/SiO2 ratio in the slag. Comparison with the model of the phosphorus distribution data from a commercial BOS furnace shows that operating conditions do not permit to reach P equilibrium contents. The dis-equilibrium degree of P was found to be increased with increasing slag viscosities.
Synthesis and Characterization of the One-dimensional Cuprate Sr2CuO3 Nanoparticles Prepared by Modified Sol-gel Method
Authors: Alikhanzadeh-Arani Sima , Salavati-Niasari Masoud , Davar Fatemeh 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA modified sol-gel synthesis route has been used to prepare the fine homogeneous powder of Sr2CuO3 ceramic using strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and citric acid. XRD patterns showed that the temperature of forming Sr2CuO3 is about 900°C and single phase of Sr2CuO3 with high purity obtains at 950°C. Influence of concentration of citric acid on the structure of prepared materials was investigated by SEM images.
Von Sihanouk bis Pol Pot. Diplomatie und Menschenrechte in den Beziehungen der Bundesrepublik zu Kambodscha (1967–1979)
Authors: Szatkowski Tim 
Published: January 2013

Vorspann
Hat die sozial-liberale Bundesregierung 1979 ihre Menschenrechtspolitik kompromittiert, indem sie in den Vereinten Nationen die Regierung der Roten Khmer als legitim anerkannte und nicht diejenige des von Vietnam installierten Heng Samrin? Für den Vertreter der Bundesrepublik in Phnom Penh von 1969 bis 1975 war das ganz eindeutig der Fall. Tim Szatkowski, wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter der Aktenedition zur Auswärtigen Politik der Bundesrepublik, untersucht, worauf dieser schwere Vorwurf beruhte und wie sich die bundesdeutschen Beziehungen zu Kambodscha in der für das Land so dramatischen Epoche von 1967 bis 1979 im Spannungsfeld von Kaltem Krieg und Neuer Ostpolitik entwickelten.
Vom immunisierten Volkskörper zum „präventiven Selbst“. Impfen als Biopolitik und soziale Praxis vom Kaiserreich zur Bundesrepublik
Authors: Thießen Malte 
Published: January 2013

Vorspann
Impfstoff ist knapp, Impfungen selbst sind nicht ungefährlich und deshalb umstritten. So ist es heute – und so war es im 19. Jahrhundert, als die Präventivmedizin noch in den Kinderschuhen steckte. Malte Thießen, Historiker an der Universität Oldenburg, skizziert die Etappen der langen Impfgeschichte, er bietet in seinem facettenreichen Aufsatz aber sehr viel mehr: Im Zentrum steht der Staat als ambitionierter Akteur umfassender Biopolitik, der zur Immunisierung des „Volkskörpers“ lange auf Zwang setzte. Im „Dritten Reich“ wandelte sich diese Rolle. Neben den Interventionsstaat trat der Appellationsstaat, der das persönliche Verantwortungsgefühl stimulierte und damit – nolens volens – der Herausbildung des Leitbildes vom „präventiven Selbst“ diente, das wir heute kennen.
Antisemitismus und Krankenmord. Zum Umgang mit jüdischen Anstaltspatienten im Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Hinz-Wessels Annette 
Published: January 2013

VorspannDie Ermordung von über 70.000 Psychiatriepatienten und behinderten Menschen in der „Aktion T4“ seit Anfang 1940 war die erste systematische Massenmordaktion des NS¬ Regimes. Eine Gruppe von Patienten war dabei besonders gefährdet: die Juden. Sie unterlagen einer doppelten Stigmatisierung, der eugenischen und der antisemitischen. Annette Hinz-Wessels vom Institut für Geschichte der Medizin an der Charité hat eingehend die mörderischen Konsequenzen dieser zweifachen Diskriminierung untersucht und belegt, wie in den allermeisten Fällen allein die jüdische Herkunft für die „Verlegung nach unbekannt“ ausschlaggebend war. Die Forschungen von Henry Friedlander fortführend, vertieft und präzisiert sie damit unsere Kenntnis vom Zusammenhang zwischen „Euthanasie“ und „Holocaust“.
Capture of Complexity of Specialty Care in Pediatric Cardiology by Work RVU Measures
Authors: Bergersen Lisa , Gauvreau Kimberlee , McElhinney Doff , Fenwick Sandra , Kirshner David , Harding Julie , Hickey Patricia , Mayer John , Marshall Audrey 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
We sought to determine the relationship between relative value units (RVUs) and intended measures of work in catheterization for congenital heart disease.

METHODS:
RVU was determined by matching RVU values to Current Procedural Terminology codes generated for cases performed at a single institution. Differences in median case duration, radiation exposure, adverse events, and RVU values by risk category and cases were assessed. Interventional case types were ranked from lowest to highest median RVU value, and correlations with case duration, radiation dose, and a cases-predicted probability of an adverse event were quantified with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.

RESULTS:
Between January 2008 and December 2010, 3557 of 4011 cases were identified with an RVU and risk category designation, of which 2982 were assigned a case type. Median RVU values, radiation dose, and case duration increased with procedure risk category. Although all diagnostic cases had similar RVU values (median 10), adverse event rates ranged from 6% to 21% by age group (P &lt; .001). Median RVU values ranged from 9 to 54 with the lowest in diagnostic and biopsy cases and increasing with isolated and then multiple interventions. Among interventional cases, no correlation existed between ranked RVU value and case duration, radiation dose, or adverse event probability (P = .13, P = .62, and P = .43, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Time, skill, and stress inherent to performing catheterization procedures for congenital heart disease are not captured by measurement of RVU alone.
Disparities in Unmet Need for Care Coordination: The National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Toomey Sara L. , Chien Alyna T. , Elliott Marc N. , Ratner Jessica , Schuster Mark A. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To determine (1) the proportion of parents who report a need for and receipt of effective care coordination for their child, (2) whether unmet care coordination needs differ by children with special health care needs (CSHCN) status and sociodemographic characteristics, and (3) whether having a personal provider or family-centered care mitigates disparities.

METHODS:
This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2007 National Survey for Children’s Health, a nationally representative survey of 91 642 parents. Outcome measures were parent report of need for and lack of effective care coordination. We also examined the effect of parent report of having a personal provider and family-centered care. We conducted weighted bivariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:
Forty-one percent of parents reported that their child needed care coordination. Among those who needed care coordination, 31% did not receive effective coordination. CSHCN (41%) were more likely than children without special health care needs (26%; P &lt; .001) to have unmet care coordination needs. Latino (40%) and black (37%) children were more likely to have unmet needs than white (27%; P &lt; .001) children. These patterns remained in multivariate analysis. Having a personal provider decreased the odds of having unmet need for care coordination but did not attenuate disparities. Receiving family-centered care mitigated disparities associated with race/ethnicity but not with health status or health insurance.

CONCLUSIONS:
A considerable proportion of parents reported their child needed more care coordination than they received. This was especially true for parents of CSHCN and parents of black and Latino children. Interventions that enhance family-centered care might particularly contribute to reducing racial/ethnic disparities.
Modeling Reveals Hidden Conditions That Can Impair Wellbore Stability and Integrity
Authors: Mitchell Robert F. , Sweatman Ronald , Young Gary 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This paper describes thermal modeling and its combination with drilling fluid analysis to reveal concealed changes in well conditions during various drilling and completion operations. These hidden conditions represent significant changes in the well's drilling and completion fluid temperature, pressure, and density (FTPD) that may help explain wellbore stability and integrity issues.
For example, the model results may allow operators to look for FTPD-related wellbore stability issues where the hole is not circulated and is static for many hours. Deeper wells and those with greater differences between induced and natural temperature and pressure conditions may have dangerous conversions of pressure over-balances into under-balances that can cause pore fluid influx, cross-flow, collapse, and other severe wellbore failures. Long, deep holes that are being circulated may also be modeled to look for FTPD-related issues not revealed by other means. Conditions such as over-balanced pressure and stable rock conditions may actually change to under-balanced pressure and unstable rock conditions with consequences including kicks, solids beds from formation breakouts, flow after cementing, stuck pipe by hole collapse, salt creep acceleration, etc.
A case history is discussed where the prototype model correctly predicted that no formation gas influx would occur during a long static period. A nearby well with similar open-hole conditions experienced a blowout during the same static time period. A comparison of the well's annular pressure measurements to the model's predictions indicated that the pressure changes were thermally induced and were not from a formation pore-pressure source. When the annular pressures subsided as predicted, no gas was found in the annulus. Studies will continue to test the FTPD model in different types of wells, well conditions, and applications for drilling and completion operations, and the prototype model may be modified accordingly.
The Heidelberg Sports Activity Score - A New Instrument to Evaluate Sports Activity
Authors: Seeger JB , Weinmann S , Schmitt H , Bruckner T , Krueger M , Clarius M 
Published: January 2013

Objective:An appropriate measuring instrument for assessing if sports activity changes after a surgical treatment is not available yet. We hypothesised that the Heidelberg Sport Activity Score is a valid and adequate instrument for measuring sport activity in patients before and after operative treatment.Design:This retrospective study presents a new score (Heidelberg Sports Activity Score - HAS) for measuring the sport activity in 11 selected sports. Validity, sensitivity and test-retest-reliability have been assessed.Setting:The score includes importance of the sports for patients, impairment of the corresponding joint, and frequency and duration of the sporting activities undertaken. The HAS was validated using 3 criteria: external validation, internal comparison of groups and correlation with the Tegner Score.Patients:A total of 655 patients were recruited for this study. The inclusion criterion was a planned or already received reconstruction (such as a high tibial osteotomy or implantation of a hip or knee prosthesis). The sport activity of these patients was evaluated before and after treatment.Main Outcome Measurement:The mean HAS was 32.1 points preoperatively and 37.0 postoperatively (p=0.017).Results:A high correlation was found between the HAS and the Tegner Score (TS) (r=0.729; p=0.010). The Test-Retest- Reliability was performed within a time interval of 2 weeks and a significant correlation of r=0.752 was found (p<0.01). Sensitivity was analysed using a sample of patients before and after high tibial osteotomy.Conclusions:The HAS is a new, easy to use, effective and valid measuring instrument for the assessment of sports activity in patients before and after operative treatment.
Arsenic Distribution and Adsorption Behavior in the Sediments of the Daliao River System in China
Authors: Wang Shiliang , Lin Chunye , He Mengchang , Liu Xitao , Liu Shaoqing 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the arsenic (As) distribution and adsorption behavior in sediments of the Daliao River System (DRS). Results indicated that the total As was 2.6–83.1 mg kg−1 in the sediments of the DRS. The pseudo‐first order model and intra‐particle diffusion model give a good fit of the experimental kinetics data for As, indicating that particle diffusion mechanism may not be the rate controlling step while this mechanism is involved. By comparing the zero equilibrium As concentration (EAsCo) with the actual As concentration in the overlying water of the DRS, all the sediments showed a trend of releasing As. Arsenic exhibited strong adsorption on sediment at pH 4.5–7. Arsenic retention by sediment was much enhanced by Ca2+ compared to Na+. More As was desorbed by phosphate at low and high pH extremes. The added or sorbed As was mainly transferred to the specifically sorbed fraction and amorphous Fe (Al) oxyhydroxides bound fraction, indicating Fe oxides are a major sorbent of As in sediment.
Spectral properties of coumarin derivatives in various environments
Authors: Holubekova Alzbeta , Mach Pavel , Urban Jan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The structural and spectral properties of coumarin derivatives in complex environments were investigated within the time-dependent density functional theory (TD DFT). Absorption spectra calculations were obtained at TD PBE0/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory for coumarin47 in the gas-phase and in various polar and non-polar organic solvents. The geometries of coumarins 6, 30, 47 and 522 in the gas phase and in inclusion complexes with the β-cyclodextrin (βCD) were determined by PM3 and DFT (HCTH/6-31G) calculations. Encapsulation of coumarin in βCD and associated changes in electronic structure produced either a red or blue shift in the absorption spectra of coumarins. A proposed cavity model for βCD-coumarin complex in water solution allowed identification of various contributions to the overall shift in the absorption spectra of coumarin upon complex formation in a solvent environment
Effect of microwave irradiation on polyphenolic compounds from Satureja hortensis L.
Authors: Lung Ildikó , Soran Maria , Tudoran Cristian , Măruţoiu Constantin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is most often used as a culinary herb, but it also has medicinal benefits. The extracts from control and irradiated savory were obtained by ultrasound extraction for 30 minutes in an ethanol — water (80:20, v/v) mixture. Polyphenolic compounds from savory were identified and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and mass spectrometer. The separation was performed using an Altima C18 column (100×3 mm, 3 μm) and as mobile phase two solvent mixture: A — acetonitrile and B — water-formic acid (99.9:0.1, v/v). Peaks were identified with authentic standards in accordance to retention time, UV spectra and molecular mass. It was identified as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, luteolin, naringenin and apigenin. A quantitative determination of polyphenolic compounds was performed applying the external standard method. Our study showed large quantitative differences between the control plant and the irradiated plant.
Silver particles growth by pulse electrolysis in acetonitrile solutions
Authors: Kuntyi Orest , Okhremchuk Yevhen , Bilan’ Oleg , Hapke Julia , Saldan Ivan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The morphology of silver particles deposited on ITO-glass surface by pulse electrolysis in acetonitrile solutions of AgNO3 has been analyzed. The influences of potential value (E) as well pulse duration (τon) and pause (τoff) on the size and geometry of the particles has been discussed. It has been shown that in the range of 0.0 ≤ E ≤ −1.5 V at τon = 6 ms and 90 ≤ τoff ≤ 490 ms formation of silver particles (∼20–50 nm) and their agglomeration (∼0.2–2 µm) take place. The tendency to increase size of the particles in 3D has been observed with the increase of cathode potential. Decreasing of duty cycle leads to more discrete deposited particles.
P-Triazinylphosphonium chlorides as a new group of coupling reagents
Authors: Kolesinska Beata , Mrozek Agnieszka , Fraczyk Justyna , Kaminski Zbigniew 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Tertiary phosphines in reaction with 2-chloro-4,6-dialkoxy-1,3,5-triazines gave unstable quaternary P-triazinylphosphonium chlorides, which readily decomposed with a departure of the alkyl group of the triazine ring substituent. Stable quaternary P-triazinylphosphonium chlorides were obtained only in reaction of 2-chloro-4,6-diphenoxy-1,3,5-triazine. Both, stable quaternary P-triazinylphosphonium chlorides as well unstable analogues prepared in situ activated carboxylic acid yielding “superactive” triazine esters, useful as highly efficient reagents in peptide bond synthesis.
Facile ultrasensitive monitoring of mercury ions in water by fluorescent ratiometric detection
Authors: Dereka Bogdan , Svechkarev Denis , Doroshenko Andrey 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Prospects for analytical application of 2,5-diphenyloxazole-substituted 3-hydroxychromone for detection of mercury ions are presented. Sensitivity and selectivity for a number of metal ions both in methanol solution and in the plasticized polymer are outlined. Ultrasensitive and highly selective fluorescent ratiometric response of the polymer film containing the title compound for mercury ions in water media is revealed. Reversibility of ratiometric response to mercury ions and influence of plasticizer’s content in the polymer film on the optical feedback are also discussed.
A novel 2-(2-methyl-2-nitrovinyl)-furan ectoparasitic drug: physicochemical characterization and determination of the raw material by gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Negrin Zenaida , Valdés Yoslainy , Pouron Tania , López Edell , Borges Keyller 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
2-(2-methyl-2-nitrovinyl)-furan (NVF) has recently been synthesized and the pharmaceutical industry interest in this compound has grown due to its antibacterial, fungicidal and anti-ectoparasitic activities. Therefore, the physicochemical characterization of new drug was conducted. In addition, two rapid, simple and suitable GC methods were developed for determination of NVF. Analyses were carried out with an Agilent DB-5ms capillary column (60 m × 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 µm film thickness). The GC-FID analysis employed splitless mode of injection, oven/injector/detector temperature of 160/230/280°C and nitrogen carrier at the flow of 5.0 mL min−1. The GC-MS analysis employed splitless mode of injection, helium carrier at the flow of 1.5 mL min−1, column temperature program with 2 min at 100°C, ramp at 50°C min−1 to 260°C and injector and detector temperature of 250 and 290°tC, respectively. The MS conditions were ionization voltage, 70 eV; mass range, m/z 40–350; and ion source temperature, 200°C. The analysis time took less than 6 min. The results obtained in the validation of the methods suggest that these methods are economic, precise, accurate and linear over the range of analysis. The methods were successfully employed during the synthesis of NVF in order to ensure the quality of the raw material.
Phase equilibria in the Er-Co-In system and crystal structure of Er8CoIn3 compound
Authors: Dzevenko Mariya , Hamyk Andriy , Tyvanchuk Yuriy , Kalychak Yaroslav 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Isothermal section of the Er-Co-In system at T = 870 K was constructed by means of X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure, and EDX-analyses. Twelve ternary compounds, namely ErCoIn5 (HoCoGa5-type), Er6Co17.92In14 (Lu6Co17.92In14-type), ErCo4In (MgCu4Sn-type), Er2CoIn8 (Ho2CoGa8-type), Er10Co9In20 (Ho10Ni9In20-type), Er3Co1.87In4 (Lu3Co1.87In4-type), ErCoIn, Er11Co4In9 (Nd11Pd4In9-type), Er11Co3In6, Er8CoIn3 (Pr8CoGa3-type), Er6Co2.19In0.81 (Ho6Co2Ga-type), and Er13.83Co2.88In3.10 (Lu14Co2In3-type) exist in the Er-Co-In system at this temperature. The crystal structure of the Er8CoIn3 compound was determined by means of X-ray powder method (Pr8CoGa3-type, P63mc space group, a = 1.02374(2) nm, c = 0.68759(2) nm). Almost none of the binary compounds dissolve the third component. The exception is the existence of the solid solution based on ErCo3 binary compound, which dissolves up to 8 at.% of In.