bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarifying relationships between persistent organic pollutant concentrations and age in wildlife biomonitoring: individuals, cross-sections, and the roles of lifespan and sex
Authors: Binnington Matthew J. , Wania Frank 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Relationships between persistent organic pollutant (POP) levels and age in wildlife biomonitoring are often interpreted as changes in contaminant burden as organisms age. However, cross-sectional body burden-age trends (CBATs) obtained from biomonitoring studies, which sample individuals of different ages at the same time, should not be confused with longitudinal body burden-age trends (LBATs) obtained by sampling the same individuals repeatedly through time. To clarify how CBATs and LBATs for wildlife species deviate from each other, and describe any impact of lifespan and sex, we used mechanistic bioaccumulation models to estimate historic longitudinal exposures of polar cod, ringed seals, beluga whales, and bowhead whales to polychlorinated biphenyl congener 153. Cross-sectional body burden-age trends were then produced by sampling resultant LBATs of successive birth cohorts at specific time points. As found previously for humans, the year of sampling relative to the year of peak environmental contamination was a critical parameter in determining male CBAT shapes. However, a similar cohort effect was not apparent for reproductive females because efficient POP loss through lactation prevented their lipids from retaining a memory of past exposure levels. Thus, lactation loss was not only responsible for the large differences between the CBATs of males and females of the same species, but also the lack of female CBAT variability through time. Cross-sectional body burden-age trend shapes varied little between species by lifespan, as long as equivalent age scales were used. However, lifespan relative to the timescale of environmental contaminant level changes did determine the extent to which CBATs resembled LBATs for males. We suggest that accounting for birth cohort and sex effects is essential when interpreting age trends in POP biomonitoring studies of long-lived species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1415–1426. © 2014 SETAC
Linalool: a review on a key odorant molecule with valuable biological properties
Authors: Aprotosoaie Ana Clara , Hăncianu Monica , Costache Irina‐Iuliana , Miron Anca 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the occurrence, biosynthesis, metabolism, biological and toxicological profile, and assessment of the authenticity of linalool. The main biological properties of linalool – sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anti‐inflammatory, local anaesthetic – are discussed in terms of the molecule's chirality influence, the mechanisms of activity and type of study (in vitro, in vivo, clinical studies). Also, there is a discussion of the recent data on the skin sensitizing potential of linalool based on numerous scientific studies which have been performed in the last few years. Comments of the authenticity assessment of linalool are made considering the limitations imposed by the chemical structure, vegetal matrix or processing methods, but also from the perspective of the powerful and sophisticated analytical techniques available today (GC‐C‐IRMS, enantio‐MDGC coupled to GC‐C‐IRMS, SNIF‐NMR). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualization of the amygdalo–hippocampal border and its structural variability by 7T and 3T magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Derix Johanna , Yang Shan , Lüsebrink Falk , Fiederer Lukas Dominique Josef , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Aertsen Ad , Speck Oliver , Ball Tonio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe amygdala and the hippocampus are two adjacent structures in the medial temporal lobe that have been broadly investigated in functional and structural neuroimaging due to their central importance in sensory perception, emotion, and memory. Exact demarcation of the amygdalo‐hippocampal border (AHB) is, however, difficult in conventional structural imaging. Recent evidence suggests that, due to this difficulty, functional activation sites with high probability of being located in the hippocampus may erroneously be assigned to the amygdala, and vice versa. In the present study, we investigated the potential of ultra‐high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in single sessions for detecting the AHB in humans. We show for the first time the detailed structure of the AHB as it can be visualized in T1‐weighted 7T in vivo images at 0.5‐mm3 isotropic resolution. Compared to data acquired at 3T, 7T images revealed considerably more structural detail in the AHB region. Thus, we observed a striking inter‐hemispheric and interindividual variability of the exact anatomical configuration of the AHB that points to the necessity of individual imaging of the AHB as a prerequisite for accurate anatomical assignment in this region. The findings of the present study demonstrate the usefulness of ultra‐high‐field structural MRI to resolve anatomical ambiguities of the human AHB. Highly accurate morphometric and functional investigations in this region at 7T may allow addressing such hitherto unexplored issues as whether the structural configuration of the AHB is related to functional differences in amygdalo‐hippocampal interaction. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4316–4329, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential advantages of volumetric arc therapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Gomez–Millan Barrachina Jaime , Jerez Sainz Inmaculada , Perez Rozos Alberto , Ramirez Ros J. Carlos , Toledo Serrano M. Dolores , Lupiañez Perez Yolanda , Medina Carmona J. Antonio 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) uses solid compensators or multileaf collimators to modulate the intensity of radiation in each field, delivering highly conformal dose distributions. This technique allows treating volumes with concave shapes when the target is close to a critical structure. The movement of multileaf collimator under computer control can modulate the dose in 3 main ways: IMRT with static field with segments, IMRT with dynamic delivery, and IMRT rotational therapy. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a novel radiation technique that creates conformal distributions with variable gantry speed, dynamic movements of multileaf collimator, and variations in dose rate. The purpose of this study was to review the basis of VMAT, highlighting the differences with other IMRT techniques. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 909–914, 2015
Probing Superoxide Dismutases through Radiation Chemistry
Authors: Cabelli Diane 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSuperoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that likely evolved to remove superoxide (O2.−) from cells. These enzymes span a range of three uniquely different protein structures and four different metals to enable a similar overall chemistry, the catalytic and accelerated conversion of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide dismutases have the attractive feature that the substrate (O2.−) for the catalytic reaction is easily generated using radiation chemistry, allowing the ability to follow catalysis on a fast time scale under a wide variety of conditions. This review will show how the utility of radiation chemistry was realized and enabled mechanistic understanding immediately upon discovery of these enzymes. It will then highlight some applications of pulse radiolysis, carried out in this laboratory, that illustrate mechanistic details of the enzyme function for a variety of wild‐type and mutant superoxide dismutases.
Population pharmacokinetics of the 5‐hydroxymethyl metabolite of tolterodine after administration of fesoterodine sustained release tablet in western and east Asian populations
Authors: Oishi Masayo , Tomono Yoshiro , Yamagami Hidetomi , Malhotra Bimal 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis analysis was conducted to investigate factors that affect 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5‐HMT) pharmacokinetics after administration of fesoterodine sustained release tablets to Westerners and East Asians. Ten pharmacokinetic studies and three efficacy/safety studies in overactive bladder (OAB) patients were pooled for the population pharmacokinetic analysis. The plasma 5‐HMT concentration data were described by a 1‐compartment model with first order absorption and a lag time. Creatinine clearance (CLCR), hepatic impairment, CYP2D6 genotype, and concomitant medication with CYP3A inhibitor/inducer were identified as influential covariates. It was estimated that decreasing of CLCR from 80 to 15 mL/min resulted in a 39.5% reduction in 5‐HMT apparent oral clearance (CL/F). Hepatic impairment, CYP2D6 poor metabolizer, and CYP3A inhibitor were estimated to reduce CL/F by about 60%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. CYP3A inducer resulted in about fourfold increase in CL/F. Although sex and Japanese ethnicity were selected as covariates on CL/F, each resulted in only about 10% decrease and increase of CL/F, respectively. Of the influential covariates of 5‐HMT CL/F, CLCR, hepatic impairment, CYP2D6 genotype, and concomitant medication with CYP3A inhibitor/inducer were of significance, whereas sex and Japanese ethnicity covariates were considered not to have clinically significant impact on exposures of 5‐HMT.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug–drug interaction assessment between pradigastat and digoxin or warfarin
Authors: Yan Jing‐He , Meyers Dan , Lee Zachary , Danis Kate , Neelakantham Srikanth , Majumdar Tapan , Rebello Sam , Sunkara Gangadhar , Chen Jin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPradigastat, a novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase‐1 inhibitor, was evaluated for both pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) drug–drug interactions when co‐administered with digoxin or warfarin in healthy subjects. This open‐label study included two parallel subject cohorts each with three sequential treatment periods. Forty subjects were enrolled in the study with 20 subjects allocated to each cohort. PK and PD (PT/INR for warfarin only) samples were collected in each period. The statistical analysis results showed that the 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios of digoxin, R‐warfarin, and S‐warfarin PK parameters (AUC and Cmax) were all within 0.80–1.25 interval. The 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios of pradigastat PK parameters (AUC and Cmax) were within 0.80–1.25 interval when co‐administered with warfarin; while co‐administration with digoxin slightly reduced pradigastat exposure (∼15%). The results also showed that 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios of warfarin PD parameters (AUCPT, PTmax, AUCINR, and INRmax) were within 0.80–1.25 interval. Pradigastat and digoxin or warfarin had no relevant clinical PK or PD drug–drug interactions. Administration of pradigastat and warfarin or pradigastat and digoxin as a mono or combined treatment appears to be safe and tolerated.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of single‐ and multiple‐ascending doses of a novel kappa opioid receptor antagonist LY2456302 and drug interaction with ethanol in healthy subjects
Authors: Lowe Stephen L. , Wong Conrad J. , Witcher Jennifer , Gonzales Celedon R. , Dickinson Gemma L. , Bell Robert L. , Rorick‐Kehn Linda , Weller MaryAnn , Stoltz Randall R. , Royalty Jane , Tauscher‐Wisniewski Sitra 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that selective antagonism of kappa opioid receptors may provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. LY2456302 is a high‐affinity, selective kappa opioid antagonist that demonstrates >30‐fold functional selectivity over mu and delta opioid receptors. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of LY2456302 were investigated following single oral doses (2–60 mg), multiple oral doses (2, 10, and 35 mg), and when co‐administered with ethanol. Plasma concentrations of LY2456302 were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method. Safety analyses were conducted on all enrolled subjects. LY2456302 doses were well‐tolerated with no clinically significant findings. No safety concerns were seen on co‐administration with ethanol. No evidence for an interaction between LY2456302 and ethanol on cognitive‐motor performance was detected. LY2456302 displayed rapid oral absorption and a terminal half‐life of approximately 30–40 hours. Plasma exposure of LY2456302 increased proportionally with increasing doses and reached steady state after 6–8 days of once‐daily dosing. Steady‐state PK of LY2456302 were not affected by coadministration of a single dose of ethanol. No clinically important changes in maximum concentration (Cmax) or AUC of ethanol (in the presence of LY2456302) were observed.
Oncological outcome of primary non‐metastatic soft tissue sarcoma treated by neoadjuvant isolated limb perfusion and tumor resection
Authors: Jakob Jens , Tunn Per‐Ulf , Hayes Andrew J. , Pilz Lothar R. , Nowak Kai , Hohenberger Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundIsolated limb perfusion (ILP) is an effective limb salvage strategy in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) where surgery alone would result in significant functional morbidity or mandate an amputation. Most previous reports of patients undergoing ILP focus on limb salvage rates rather than local and distant relapse rates. Here, we report the oncological outcome of sarcoma patients treated by ILP and surgery.MethodsData were retrieved from prospective ILP databases from two ILP centers following similar ILP techniques and surgical approaches. Only patients with primary, intermediate, or high grade non‐metastatic STS were included.ResultsThe cohort comprised 90 patients. Median follow‐up was 39 months (range 3–165 months). Median tumor size was 11 cm (range 5–34). Twenty of 90 (22%) patients underwent prior debulking surgery outside the centers. Twenty‐nine of 90 (32%) had postoperative irradiation. Four of 90 underwent amputation either related to local recurrence or irresectability, 4 of 90 underwent amputation for treatment‐related complications. Fifteen of 83 (18%) patients had local recurrences after ILP and limb sparing surgery, 39 of 90 (43%) developed metastatic disease. Twenty‐two of 90 (24%) died of disease.ConclusionPreoperative ILP and tumor resection resulted in good local control in a cohort of high‐risk STS patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:786–790. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Depression, illness severity, and healthcare utilization in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Snell Carolyn , Fernandes Serena , Bujoreanu I. Simona , Garcia Georgina 
Published: March 2014

SummaryCystic fibrosis (CF) is an illness associated with high healthcare utilization and healthcare costs, even when compared to other chronic illnesses. In a variety of medical populations, depression has been found to be associated with lower adherence and poorer medical outcomes. The current study is a retrospective chart review of a matched set of 40 patients with CF, half with and half without a depressive disorder diagnosis. Participants were matched on the basis of their age, gender and lung function, and compared in terms of their illness severity (lung function and weight), medical adherence, and healthcare utilization during the year prior to and following diagnosis of depression and a comparable time period for the non‐depressed group. Results show an association between depression and BMI, with only the depressed group showing significant decreases in the year following their depressive disorder diagnosis (from a mean BMI z‐score of −0.48 to −1.04). Depression was also strongly associated with greater healthcare utilization and healthcare costs relative to those of comparably medically ill controls, in that depressed youth were hospitalized at over three times the rate of non‐depressed youth, and their healthcare costs were more than four times higher (mean number of admissions per year for the depressed group of 4.00 vs. 1.20 for the non‐depressed group; mean annual costs of $280,000 for the depressed vs. $60,116 for the non‐depressed). These findings highlight the importance of addressing the mental health needs of chronically ill patients as a path to better health outcomes and decreasing need for medical services. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:1177–1181. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors predicting mortality in newborn ventilation
Authors: Basu Biswanath , Sinha Sunil K. , Basu T. , Mahapatra T.K.S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectivePrediction of mortality among newborns on mechanical ventilation is difficult. Our aim was to develop a scoring system for predicting mortality among such neonates.MethodsThis multi centre prospective study was performed to develop and validate a scoring system among two equal cohorts of ventilated newborns in India. Mechanical ventilator was used in pressure‐limited time‐cycled mode. Arterial blood gas, initial pulmonary pressures, septicemia screen along with other basic parameters were recorded in a pre‐structured proforma. Blood samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde to determine the possible role and predictive validity of free radical injury. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to find out independent predictors of mortality for the variables those were significantly associated with outcome after univariate analysis.ResultsOn univariate analysis, birth‐weight, oxygenation‐index, septicaemia, malondialdehyde level, and inotropic support were significantly associated with mortality. However, after multiple regression analysis gestational‐age, pH and FiO2 lost their significance as predictors. According to cut‐off values of ROC‐curve, a scoring system ranging from 0 to 20 and four mortality risk groups were developed. Area under ROC‐curve was 0.94, compared to 0.90 for both APACHE‐III and CRIB‐scores; and 0.92 for PRISM‐score.ConclusionsBirth‐weight, oxygenation‐index, malondialdehyde level, inotropic support, and septicemia are independent mortality predictors of neonatal ventilation. Increase in malondialdehyde level is associated with higher mortality rate, indicating possible role of free radical injury. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:271–275. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Internal Migration Data Around the World: Assessing Contemporary Practice
Authors: Bell Martin , Charles‐Edwards Elin , Kupiszewska Dorota , Kupiszewski Marek , Stillwell John , Zhu Yu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCompared with other demographic processes, little attention has been given to the way levels and patterns of internal migration vary around the world. This can be traced in part to the absence of any central repository of internal migration data, but it also reflects widespread variation in the ways migration is measured. If robust, reliable comparisons between countries are to be made, a clear understanding of the available data is an essential pre‐requisite. This paper reports results from the Internal Migration Around the GlobE project, which established an inventory of internal migration data collections for the 193 UN member States, identifying,inter alia, the types of data collected, the intervals over which it is measured and the spatial frameworks employed. Results reveal substantial diversity in data collection practice. We assess the strengths, limitations, and utility of the six principle ways migration is measured and examine their capacity to address key questions and issues in the field. We also identify avenues for harmonisation and conclude with recommendations which aim to facilitate cross‐national comparisons. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive beamhopping for spectral coexistence of multibeam satellites
Authors: Sharma Shree Krishna , Chatzinotas Symeon , Ottersten Björn 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYHerein, the spectral coexistence scenario of two multibeam satellites over a common coverage area is studied where a primary satellite produces larger beams while a secondary satellite has smaller beams. A novel cognitive beamhopping satellite system is proposed assuming that the secondary gateway is aware of the primary's beamhopping pattern. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated and compared with that of conventional multibeam and beamhopping systems in terms of throughput. It is shown that the proposed system significantly enhances the spectral efficiency (SE) in comparison to other systems. Furthermore, a power control technique is applied on the secondary transmission in order to adhere to the primary's interference constraint. It is noted that the total SE increases with the number of secondary users in the full frequency reuse approach. Moreover, the exclusion zone (EZ) principle is applied to exploit the regions in which the secondary system can operate without causing harmful interference to the primary system. It is shown that the EZ radius of 8.5 dB is sufficient to protect the primary system perfectly with a significant gain in SE. Finally, it is shown that power control and the EZ methods are suitable for lower and higher values of secondary aggregated interference, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective Effects of Social Support Content and Support Source on Depression and Its Prevalence 6 Months after Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Guo Suran , Tian Donghua , Wang Xiaohua , Xiao Yun , He Huan , Qu Zhiyong , Zhang Xiulan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck China's southwestern Sichuan province on 12 May 2008. The reported rates of depression symptoms across studies were not consistent, and its protective factors were unknown. This study collected data from Wenchuan earthquake survivors to estimate the prevalence of depression and explore the protective effects of social support and support source on depression. A randomized sampling cross‐sectional survey based on community was conducted in January 2009, in Mianzhu and Anxian counties, and 633 survivors were entered into the study. The Chinese edition of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale were used to investigate depression and social support. The prevalence of probable depression in adults 6 months after the Wenchuan earthquake was 22.9% (145/633). Total social support, subjective support, support use and support from family members, neighbours and organizations negatively predicted depression. According to the results, depression was common 6 months after this major disaster. Total social support, subjective support, support use and support from family members, neighbours and organizations were all protective factors for depression after a major disaster. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.