bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy Learning and Central–Local Relations: A Case Study of the Pricing Policies for Wind Energy in China (from 1994 to 2009)
Authors: Ngar‐yin Mah Daphne , Hills Peter R. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper brings together the key concepts of policy learning and central–local relations to examine how the efficacy of sustainability policies can be improved, with a particular reference to pricing policies for wind energy in China. Based on our comparative case studies of three provinces, Guangdong, Shanghai and Xinjiang, we critically examine how central–local relations may facilitate or impede policy learning. Our analysis focuses on policy changes at the national level, including the move away from the tendering policy to a fixed‐price policy in 2009, and the diversity of local policy responses, which include a local fixed‐price policy in Guangdong, a two‐tiered model in Shanghai and a de facto fixed‐price policy in Xinjiang. We have three major key findings. First, we found that technical and conceptual forms of policy learning have taken place in China, but the progression towards the highest form of policy learning, social learning, is limited. Secondly, we found that the established fabric of central–local relations has created facilitating conditions for as well as limitations to the advancements towards social learning. A national policy framework, a multi‐level governance system, institutional arrangements for knowledge creation and learning, and a more participatory form of governance for civil society are some of the facilitating conditions. However, over‐centralization, the inertia against institutional changes and the failure to recognize the need for a more deliberative decision‐making process are identified as key barriers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Non‐Governmental Organizations as Governance Actors for Sustainable Development: The Case of Green Building Councils
Authors: Sedlacek Sabine 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article examines the role of non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in environmental governance systems with a particular emphasis on non‐state market‐driven governance in the green building industry. Based on an extensive literature review, a conceptual framework of the function of NGOs in environmental governance is developed, focusing on five core aspects – role, power, accountability, legitimacy and acceptance – that define the position of NGOs in a governance system in relation to other stakeholders. The World Green Building Council's (WGBC's) global environmental governance movement has been identified as a dynamic market‐driven governance system. Thus, the paper explores the role of regional green building councils (RGBCs) listed in the WGBC's directory within this newly deployed governance system. The results confirm the proposition that RGBCs grow in their governance and third‐party role as they progress through the development stages proposed by the WGBC. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Outcome of Eating Disorders in a Japanese Sample: A 4‐ to 9‐year Follow‐up Study
Authors: Nakai Yoshikatsu , Nin Kazuko , Noma Shun'ichi , Hamagaki Seiji , Takagi Ryuro , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the outcome of eating disorders (EDs) in Japan with that in Western countries.MethodTwo hundred and thirty‐three Japanese women with an ED were followed for 4 to 9 years. We identified fully recovered women (good outcome group), partially recovered women (intermediate outcome group) and women with an active ED (poor outcome group) based on physical, behavioural and psychological indices.ResultsNinety‐seven subjects were categorized as having a good outcome, 58 as intermediate and 61 as poor, and 17 had died. There was a significant difference in outcome results among the types of ED at intake. Women with both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, at intake had the worst recovery rates.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the outcome of EDs in Japan is relatively similar to that in Western countries, irrespective of sociocultural background and health systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Experimental autotransplantation and cryopreservation of the thyroid gland
Authors: Yüce İmdat , Okuducu Hacı , Çağlı Sedat , Vural Alperen , Gündoğdu Ramazan , Abdülrezzak Ümmühan , Arlı Turan , Aydın Mesut , Güney Ercihan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the functionality of autotransplanted thyroid tissues immediately or after cryopreservation in rabbits.MethodsThe study was completed with 12 rabbits randomized in 2 groups. Preoperative scintigraphies were performed for all subjects. The rabbits underwent total thyroidectomy. The first group underwent immediate thyroid autotransplantation. Thyroid tissues of the second group were cryopreserved and autoimplanted at the eighth postoperative week. The free triiodothyronine (fT3) and thyroxine (fT4) levels were monitored for 8 weeks. Postoperative scintigraphies were performed at the eigth week after autoimplantation.ResultsThe subjects in the first group reached euthyroid levels at the eighth week while none of the second group reached that level, but all showed continuous increase. Although implanted thyroid tissues of 5 of the 6 rabbits in the first group were demonstrated during the first scintigraphy, the number was only 1 in the second group.ConclusionThyroid autografts were found to be functional and thought to have a potential preventing postoperative hypothyroidism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 940–945, 2015
Association of p21‐activated kinase‐1 activity with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis of head and neck cancer
Authors: Park Jisoo , Kim Jin‐man , Park Jeong Kyu , Huang Songmei , Kwak Seo Young , Ryu Kyeung A. , Kong Gyeyeong , Park Jongsun , Koo Bon Seok 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study investigated the role of p21‐activated kinase (PAK)‐1 in progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe examined PAK isoforms and explored whether PAK activation enhanced in vitro invasion of the HNSCC cell line. We analyzed the relationship between PAK1 expression and various clinicopathological features and investigated the effect of PAK1 overexpression on survival in 119 patients with HNSCC.ResultsPAK1 and PAK2 are predominantly expressed in HNSCC cells and patient tissues. Particularly, PAK1 makes the dominant contribution to increase in cell migration and invasion. There was a statistically significant correlation between PAK1 overexpression and aggressive cancer behavior. Moreover, PAK1 seemed to be a prognostic factor for overall and disease‐specific survival in patients. Interestingly, enhancement of PAK1 expression was found in the invasive front of cancer.ConclusionPAK1 is associated with the aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis of head and neck cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 953–963, 2015
Purification of human antibodies from animal cell cultures using gum arabic coated magnetic particles
Authors: Alves Bruno Martins , Borlido Luís , Rosa Sara A.S.L. , Silva Marta F.F. , Aires‐Barros Maria Raquel , Roque Ana C.A. , Azevedo Ana M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe emergence of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as new biopharmaceutical products requires the development of new purification methods that are not only effective but are able to reduce production costs. To address the problematic recovery of mAbs, gum arabic (GA) coated magnetic particles (MPs) were used for the purification of human antibodies from animal cells supernatants.RESULTSMPs were synthesized via co‐precipitation and exhibited a spherical‐like physical aspect, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 473 nm and a zeta potential of –26 mV. The adsorption and elution of IgG on these adsorbents was thoroughly studied. Adsorption of human IgG was enhanced at pH 6, for which a qmax of 244 mg IgG g−1 MPs and Kd of 25 mg L−1 were obtained. Increasing salt concentrations at a basic pH (1 mol L−1 NaCl at pH 11) were found to improve the elution of bound IgG. The MPs were challenged with an artificial protein mixture containing human IgG, albumin, insulin and apo‐transferrin. An overall yield of 84% was achieved, retrieving 92% of bound IgG.CONCLUSIONSMPs were successfully used for the capture of monoclonal antibodies from two distinct mammalian cell cultures, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and a hybridoma cell culture supernatants. The elution yields were high, ranging between 84% and 94%, with overall yields ranging from 72% to 88%. Final purities of 85% were reached for hybridoma cell supernatants. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradation of dimethylamine and three tertiary amines by activated sludge and isolated strains
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Yongmei 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDN‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is an emerging disinfection byproduct. The effective and economical method to control NDMA is to remove its potential NDMA precursors. In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the removals of four typical NDMA precursors (dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylformamide (DMFA) and dimethylaminobenzene (DMAB)) by activated sludge and isolated strains.RESULTSBatch experiments indicated that the specific degradation rates of the four NDMA precursors follow the order DMA > TMA > DMFA > DMAB; and under different redox conditions, follow the order aerobic > anoxic > anaerobic. In an anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic activated sludge system, the optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT) were 10 h and 20 days, respectively, for the removals of both NDMA precursors and nutrients. Bacterial strains were isolated from aerobic activated sludge and identified based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. A pH of 8–9 and temperature of 30–35°C were optimal for the removal of the four NDMA precursors by the isolated strains. Degradation of the four NDMA precursors by the isolated strains were fitted well by the Haldane model.CONCLUSIONThese results are helpful for knowledge of the removals of NDMA precursors during activated sludge treatment processes. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Synoptic climatology of extreme precipitation in alpine Australia
Authors: Fiddes Sonya Louise , Pezza Alexandre Bernardes , Barras Vaughan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTExtreme precipitation over the eastern Australia can be significantly enhanced by topographic interaction with the westerly flow. These extreme events can cause severe flooding, damage and disruption to human activities, yet in some areas they are also an invaluable source of water and snow. In this study, we use rain gauge and snowfall accumulation data to investigate connections between extreme rain and snow in alpine Australia and the large‐scale climate. These data have been divided into three geographical locations: the west of the mountains, the ridgeline and the east of the mountains in order to explore the nature of precipitation in each region. The results confirm previous synoptic patterns found earlier in the literature for the western slopes (namely embedded and cutoff lows), and add new insights into the different processes conducive to extreme precipitation on the eastern side of the ranges, which we find to be mostly associated with a blocking structure connected to polar latitudes. Interestingly, our analyses suggests that while a La Niña pattern accompanied by enhanced meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradients over mid‐latitudes is associated with extreme events in the western and high regions, the extreme precipitation composites for the eastern region are associated with a SST pattern that resembles the predominant signal associated with global warming in the Australian region. We hypothesize that while the western and high regions rely on SST gradients, which enhance the westerly jet, the extreme events over the eastern side rely on blocking patterns (anomalous easterlies), which are at least partially responding to the global SST warming with the respective shift of the westerlies to the south. These results help explain why the precipitation over the western side of the Alps is declining more rapidly than the total precipitation observed on the eastern side.
Unique PTSD Clusters Predict Intention to Seek Mental Health Care and Subsequent Utilization in US Veterans with PTSD Symptoms
Authors: Blais Rebecca K. , Hoerster Katherine D. , Malte Carol , Hunt Stephen , Jakupcak Matthew 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMany veterans return from deployment with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but most attend only a limited number of mental health care visits. Although global PTSD relates to seeking mental health care, it is unclear whether specific features of PTSD inform the low rates of mental health care utilization. This study examined PTSD cluster severities of avoidance, reexperiencing, dysphoria, and hyperarousal as predictors of intention to seek mental health care and prospective treatment utilization. US veterans with at least subthreshold PTSD (N = 189) completed a PTSD symptom measure and indicated whether they intended to seek mental health care. Prospective Department of Veterans Affairs mental health care utilization was extracted from the medical record. At the bivariate level, each cluster was positively associated with a positive intention to seek mental health care and prospective treatment utilization. In multivariate models, however, dysphoria severity (OR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.06, 1.26]) was uniquely and positively correlated with intention to seek mental health care, whereas higher avoidance severity (IRR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.76, 0.98]) predicted lower treatment utilization, and higher reexperiencing severity (IRR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.01, 1.14]) predicted greater treatment utilization. It is critical to tailor interventions to target specific features of PTSD and to meet patients where they are.
An Approach for Determining the Mix between Human and Automated Service Providers
Authors: Israeli Aviad A. , Brown James Randall 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWith the growing popularity of self‐service technologies (SST), businesses have to determine how to combine traditional human service with SST technologies. These mix problems have not received adequate attention in the research literature. This paper offers a decision model for solving mix problems between human service channels and SSTs. The decision problem cannot be determined as a traditional max or min problem and it is fuzzy. In fuzzy problems, the decision maker (DM) is considered as the focal point with the relevant knowledge and preferences and therefore, the objective is to maximize the DM's preferences. This paper develops a decision support system for eliciting a DM's value function when the service channels are considered to be substitutes, but when the rate of substitution may change and then uses a linear‐fractional model to fit the DM's data and optimize the DM's preferences. A service mix problem for a grocery store with human service providers and SSTs is used to demonstrate how the decision model can be employed to analyze and solve service mix decision making problems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gestational weight gain and neonatal adiposity in the hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome study‐North American region
Authors: Badon Sylvia E. , Dyer Alan R. , Josefson Jami L. ,   for the HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) exceeding Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and neonatal adiposity in the five North American field centers of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study.MethodsGWG was categorized as less than, within, or greater than 2009 IOM guidelines. Birthweight, body fat percentage, cord serum C‐peptide, and sum of neonatal flank, subscapular, and triceps skin fold thicknesses were dichotomized as >90th percentile or ≤90th percentile obtained by quantile regression. Logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsOf the 5297 participants, 11.6% gained less, 31.9% gained within, and 56.5% gained more than the recommendation. With adjustment for glucose tolerance levels, normal and overweight women who gained more than the recommendation had increased odds of delivering infants with sum of skin folds >90th percentile (OR = 1.75 and 4.77, respectively) and percentage body fat >90th percentile (OR = 2.41 and 2.59, respectively), and normal weight and obese women who gained more than the recommendation had increased odds of delivering infants with birthweight >90th percentile (OR = 2.80 and 1.93, respectively) compared to women who gained within the recommendation.ConclusionsThis analysis showed independent associations between exceeding IOM GWG recommendations and neonatal adiposity in normal and overweight women, controlling for glucose tolerance levels.
The potent and selective α4β2*/α6*‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist 2‐[5‐[5‐((S)Azetidin‐2‐ylmethoxy)‐3‐pyridinyl]‐3‐isoxazolyl]ethanol demonstrates antidepressive‐like behavior in animal models and a favorable ADME‐tox profile
Authors: Yu Li‐Fang , Brek Eaton J. , Zhang Han‐Kun , Sabath Emily , Hanania Taleen , Li Guan‐Nan , van Breemen Richard B. , Whiteaker Paul , Liu Qiang , Wu Jie , Chang Yong‐Chang , Lukas Ronald J. , Brunner Dani , Kozikowski Alan P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPreclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that the inhibition of cholinergic supersensitivity through nicotinic antagonists and partial agonists can be used successfully to treat depressed patients, especially those who are poor responders to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In our effort to develop novel antidepressant drugs, LF‐3‐88 was identified as a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist with subnanomolar to nanomolar affinities for β2‐containing nAChRs (α2β2, α3β2, α4β2, and α4β2*) and superior selectivity away from α3β4 − (Ki > 104 nmol/L) and α7‐nAChRs (Ki > 104 nmol/L) as well as 51 other central nervous system (CNS)‐related neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. Functional activities at different nAChR subtypes were characterized utilizing 86Rb+ ion efflux assays, two‐electrode voltage‐clamp (TEVC) recording in oocytes, and whole‐cell current recording measurements. In mouse models, administration of LF‐3‐88 resulted in antidepressive‐like behavioral signatures 15 min post injection in the SmartCube® test (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.; about 45‐min session), decreased immobility in the forced swim test (1–3 mg/kg, i.p.; 1–10 mg/kg, p.o.; 30 min pretreatment, 6‐min trial), and decreased latency to approach food in the novelty‐suppressed feeding test after 29 days chronic administration once daily (5 mg/kg but not 10 mg/kg, p.o.; 15‐min trial). In addition, LF‐3‐88 exhibited a favorable profile in pharmacokinetic/ADME‐Tox (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) assays. This compound was also shown to cause no mortality in wild‐type Balb/CJ mice when tested at 300 mg/kg. These results further support the potential of potent and selective nicotinic partial agonists for use in the treatment of depression.
Influence of liquid and vapourized solvents on explosibility of pharmaceutical excipient dusts
Authors: Hossain Md Nur , Amyotte Paul , Abuswer Meftah , Dastidar Ashok , Khan Faisal , Eckhoff Rolf , Chunmiao Yuan 
Published: March 2014

Hybrid mixtures of a combustible dust and flammable gas are found in many industrial processes. Such fuel systems are often encountered in the pharmaceutical industry when excipient (nonpharmaceutically active ingredient) powders undergo transfer in either a dry or solvent prewetted state into an environment possibly containing a flammable gas.The research described in this article simulated the conditions of the above scenarios with microcrystalline cellulose and lactose as excipients, and methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol as solvents. Standardized dust explosibility test equipment (Siwek 20‐L explosion chamber, MIKE 3 apparatus, and BAM oven) and ASTM test protocols were used to determine the following explosibility parameters: maximum explosion pressure (Pmax), volume‐normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (KSt), minimum explosible concentration (MEC), minimum ignition energy (MIE), and minimum ignition temperature (MIT).The experimental results demonstrate the significant enhancements in explosion likelihood and explosion severity brought about by solvent admixture in either mode. The extent of solvent influence was found to be specific to the given excipient and method of solvent addition. Solvent burning velocity considerations help to account for some of the experimental observations but for others, a more rigorous evaluation of solvent and excipient physical property data is needed. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 374–379, 2014
Economic assessment of voltage and reactive power control provision by wind farms
Authors: Sáiz‐Marín E. , Lobato E. , Egido I. , Rouco L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to quantify the cost of the provision of voltage control by wind power generation. A methodology for evaluating the economic impact of providing different types of voltage control is proposed. This evaluation examines the increase in costs caused by the change in active power losses due to the provision of wind farms voltage control. These losses are computed for different controllers: (a) wind farms are operated at a fixed power factor, (b) wind farms provide proportional voltage control, and (c) wind farms provide reactive power to minimize power losses. Furthermore, these three possibilities are compared with the option of adding flexible alternating current transmission system devices, which are another alternative for supporting the grid by controlling voltage. The methodology outlined is applied to a real and representative Spanish wind harvesting network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing singular value decomposition
Authors: Zhang Lingsong , Wang Yao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSingular value decomposition/principal component analysis method is a central tool in multivariate analysis and functional data analysis. In this article, a list of visualization tools that are useful in revealing structure within sample datasets is investigated. An Internet traffic dataset is used to illustrate the usefulness of these methods.This article is categorized under:Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and ClassificationAlgorithms and Computational Methods > Computer GraphicsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Metal Salts of 4,5‐Dinitro‐1,3‐imidazole as Colorants in Pyrotechnic Compositions
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Müller Thomas G. , Rusan Magdalena , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: March 2014

Abstract4,5‐Dinitroimidazole (1) (4,5‐DNI) was synthesized by nitration of commercially available 4‐nitro‐imidazole. Several alkaline and alkaline earth metal salts of 4,5‐dinitro‐1,3‐imidazole were synthesized by reaction of DNI with stoichiometric amounts of the corresponding metal hydroxides and carbonates. The synthesized salts, LiDNI·3H2O (2), NaDNI·H2O (3), KDNI·H2O (4), Ca(DNI)2·5H2O (5), Sr(DNI)2·3H2O (6), and Ba(DNI)2·4H2O (7) were characterized comprehensively by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, NMR and vibrational (IR/Raman) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A detailed description of their potential use as flame colorants in pyrotechnical compositions is also given. Their color properties regarding the dominant wavelength, spectral purity, luminous intensity and luminous efficiency were measured. Last but not least the investigated salts were found to be insensitive in terms of friction and impact tested with BAM methods.