bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Evaluation of Hygienic Conditions in Domestic Dishwashers
Authors: Brands Britta , Bockmühl Dirk P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Rising environmental concerns lead to use of lower temperatures and to reduced water consumption in domestic dishwashing. The development of new dishwashers with reservoir for reusage of water from the final rinse seeks to reduce the costs per cleaning cycle, but leads to concerns about the hygienic conditions of domestic dishwashers, as the presence of stable communities of microorganisms has been reported. This study investigates the hygienic conditions of different types of domestic dishwashers and the long-term effect of process parameters on the hygiene in dishwashers with water reservoirs.
Thermal hydraulic analysis of ETRR-2 using RELAP5 code
Authors: Abdelrazek I. D. , Elnour A. G. Abo , Gaheen M. A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The present work was developed within the frame of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project 1496 “Innovative methods in research reactor analysis: Benchmark against experimental data on neutronics and thermal-hydraulic computational methods and tools for operation and safety analysis of research reactors”. Three benchmark experiments were designed and performed to study the performance of the Egyptian Research Reactor ETRR-2. The experiments included steady state measurements as well as loss of flow transient (LOFT) and loss of power transient (SCRAM) conditions. The Code RELAP5/Mod3.4 was used to simulate the components of the ETRR-2 systems for the thermal hydraulic analysis of the reactor. The dimensions and elevations of the primary cooling components are based on real conditions (3-D configuration). RELAP5 results provided benchmark data which verified the experimental measurements taken from instrumentations installed for this experiment at several positions in the core. The predicted values for the coolant and clad surface temperature at different locations in the core showed a remarkable agreement with the experimental values, for both the steady state and transient conditions.
Neutronic performance calculations with alternative fluids in a hybrid reactor by using the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Günay M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this study, salt-heavy metal mixtures consisting of 93–85% Li20Sn80 + 5% SFG-PuO2 and 2–10% UO2, 93–85% Li20Sn80 + 5% SFG-PuO2 and 2–10% NpO2, and 93–85% Li20Sn80 + 5% SFG-PuO2 and 2–10% UCO were used as fluids. The fluids were used in the liquid first wall, blanket, and shield zones of a fusion–fission hybrid reactor system. A beryllium (Be) zone with a width of 3 cm was used for neutron multiplicity between the liquid first wall and the blanket. 9Cr2WVTa ferritic steel with the width of 4 cm was used as the structural material. The contributions of each isotope in the fluids to the nuclear parameters, such as tritium breeding ratio (TBR), energy multiplication factor (M), and heat deposition rate, of the fusion–fission hybrid reactor were calculated in the liquid first wall, blanket, and shield zones. Three-dimensional analyses were performed using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX-2.7.0 and nuclear data library ENDF/B-VII.0.
Social impact theory based modeling for security analysis in the nuclear fuel cycle
Authors: Woo Tae Ho 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The nuclear fuel cycle is investigated for the perspective of the nuclear non-proliferation. The random number generation of the Monte-Carlo method is utilized for the analysis. Five cases are quantified by the random number generations. These values are summed by the described equations. The higher values are shown in 52nd and 73rd months. This way could be a useful obligation in the license of the plant construction. The security of the nuclear fuel cycle incorporated with nuclear power plants (NPPs) is investigated using social impact theory. The dynamic quantification of the theory shows the non-secured time for act of terrorism which is considered for the non-secured condition against the risk of theft in nuclear material. For a realistic consideration, the meta-theoretical framework for modeling is performed for situations where beliefs, attributes or behaviors of an individual are influenced by those of others.
Study on carbonated hydroxyapatite as a thermoluminescence dosimeter
Authors: Shafaei M. , Ziaie F. , Sardari D. , Larijani M. M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this study, carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were used for thermoluminescence dosimetry. The nano-structure carbonated hydroxyapatite synthesized via hydrolysis of CaHPO4 and CaCO3. The obtained nano powders were characterized by XRD technique and FTIR spectroscopy system. The carbonated hydroxyapatite samples were irradiated at different doses using 60Co gamma rays, and were subjected to thermoluminescence measurement system, consequently. The TL glow curve exhibited two distinguishable peaks centered at around of 165°C and 310°C. The TL response of carbonated hydroxyapatite samples as a function of absorbed dose was linear in the range of 25–1000 Gy. Other dosimetric features of the carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles including fading and reproducibility were also investigated.
The impact of injection velocity on the defects in thick components fabricated by inserted metal injection molding
Authors: Safarian Asghar , Karataş Çetin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The initial stage of shaping a component in metal injection molding is the injection process. Any defects occurring in this stage are transferred to the subsequent stages, namely debinding and sintering. To investigate the jetting phenomenon in the current study, 316L stainless steel feedstock was exploited as the material for fabricating thick cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 20 mm. Regarding the aforementioned thick specimens, injection at the normal velocity of 15 cm3 s–1 resulted in critical defects, such as folding, weld lines and porosity. It was found that these defects were eliminated in the specimens injected at velocities as low as 1 cm3 s–1. Under such conditions, however, due to the increase in the injection time, the flow front rapidly solidifies with ensuing dramatic deterioration of component surface quality. Furthermore, the present study proposes a novel method, entitled inserted metal injection molding, with a double aim both for removing the jetting phenomenon and the consequent defects in injected components and for making the injection process possible at normal velocities allowing fabrication of the components with high surface quality.
An investigation into the effect of isothermal annealing on the structure (XRD), microstructure (SEM, TEM) and magnetic properties of amorphous ribbons and bulk amorphous plates
Authors: Nabiałek Marcin , Pietrusiewicz Paweł , Błoch Katarzyna , Szota Michał 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Test samples of the alloy Fe61Co10Y8W1B20 were fabricated in the form of both amorphous ribbons and bulk amor-phous plates. The structure, microstructure and magnetic properties of samples in the as-quenched state and after annealing were investigated. The aim of the paper is to show the effect of the thermal treatment on the structural changes occurring in the amorphous state. The thermal treatment, performed at well below the crystallisation temperature, did not cause crystallisation. In the investigated amorphous alloys it has been found that, after a specific thermal treatment, structural relaxation occurs in the presence of structural defects, such as quasidislocational dipoles. Also, supporting the microscopy investigations with measurements of the magnetic properties can be extremely beneficial for facilitating description of the real structure and properties of the amorphous alloys; further, this testing combination offers the possibility for designing the optimal application parameters for an alloy.
Students’ emotions for achievement and technology use in synchronous hybrid graduate programmes: a control-value approach
Authors: Butz Nikolaus T. , Stupnisky Robert H. , Pekrun Reinhard 
Published: March 2015

Synchronous hybrid delivery (simultaneously teaching on-campus and online students using web conferencing) is becoming more common; however, little is known about how students experience emotions in this learning environment. Based on Pekrun’s (2006) control-value theory of emotions, the dual purpose of this study was first to compare synchronous hybrid students who attend online versus on-campus in terms of control, value, emotions and perceived success and second to compare students’ degree of emotional activation in the domains of programme achievement and technology use. Survey data from 101 graduate business students revealed that online students reported significantly higher levels of technology-related anger, anxiety and helplessness. Furthermore, in comparison to their on-campus counterparts, online students more clearly separated their emotions in terms of programme achievement and technology use. Emotions related significantly to students’ perceived success for both programme achievement and technology use, and mediated the effects of control and value appraisals on perceived success.Keywords: online learning; web conferencing; distance education; graduate business education; mediational analysisCitation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 26097 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26097
The influence of emotions, attitudes and perceptions on learning with technology
Authors: O'Reilly Meg 
Published: March 2015

Welcome to this very international issue of Research in Learning Technology in which we present research that has been undertaken in UK, Chile, Finland, Germany, Portugal and USA. The articles on the use of technology span a range of effective teaching practices, showcase strategies for successful learning and propose ideas for future mechanisms to better engage students in their educational experiences. For me, one question running through this issue is: how is technology helping us to deliver more student-centred education?(Published: 23 March 2015)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 27763 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.27763
Le corps des éboueurs au travail : de quel(s) extrême(s) parle-t-on ?
Authors: Le Lay Stéphane 
Published: March 2015

À partir d’une observation participante de plusieurs mois dans un atelier d’éboueurs de la ville de Paris, l’article analyse les différentes formes d’engagement extrême du corps des travailleurs dans les différentes activités, avant de s’interroger, en conclusion, sur les limites actuellement rencontrées par les politiques de prévention au travail qui tentent d’inculquer un « souci de soi » insuffisamment en prise avec le réel du travail.
Results and Complications of Silicone Frontalis Sling Surgery for Ptosis
Authors: Bansal Rakesh Kumar , Sharma Surabhi 
Published: March 2015

Purpose:
Frontalis suspension is the treatment of choice for severe blepharoptosis with poor levator function. Several materials are available for this purpose. Autologous fascia lata is considered best among naturally occurring materials; however, it may not be possible to harvest fascia lata in young children. Among various synthetic materials, silicone has been used frequently and has given good results.

Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of patients operated on from September 2008 to August 2013. All of these patients underwent silicone rod frontalis suspension for severe blepharoptosis with poor levator function and completed a minimum of 6 months of follow-up.

Results:
There were 38 eyes of 25 patients with ages ranging from 3 to 21 years (average: 10.68 ± 6.26 years). Of these 25 patients, 10 had blepharophimosis syndrome, 10 had congenital ptosis, 3 had third nerve palsy, 1 had double elevator palsy, and 1 had post-levator resection. Good cosmetic correction was achieved in 34 eyes (89.4%) after a mean follow-up of 18 months (range: 6 to 60 months). Complications observed included significant eyelid lag and lagophthalmos (5 eyes), undercorrection (4 eyes), suture granuloma (3 eyes), sling exposure at forehead incision (3 eyes), bilateral chronic eyelid edema (1 patient), and late recurrence of ptosis (1 eye).

Conclusions:
Silicone is a safe material for frontalis suspension in patients with severe ptosis; however, recurrence, granuloma formation, sling exposure, and chronic inflammation can occur with use of silicone rod.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(2):93–97.]
Nutritional Value of Habitat for Moose on Urban and Military Lands
Authors: Welch Joseph H. , Barboza Perry S. , Farley Sean D. , Spalinger Donald E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMoose Alces alces are large and conspicuous animals valued for wildlife watching and hunting opportunities. However, near urban areas they can cause collisions with vehicles and damage to garden and ornamental plants. We studied a population of adult female moose that lives in and around both urban and industrial development on an active Army and Air Force base adjacent to Anchorage, Alaska, to evaluate nutrition and diet, map habitat quality, and model how habitat development affects the number of moose the landscape can support. Population density was moderate and hunter harvest was high in our study area, so we hypothesized that moose in our study area would be in similar condition to other healthy populations in Alaska. We also hypothesized that, in our study area, shrublands would support more moose than any other habitat type and that areas disturbed for urban development would be crucial to maintaining the local moose population. Rump fat depths, blood chemistries, and pregnancy rates in November and March for moose in our study area were consistent with populations in good to moderate condition. Microhistology of composite fecal samples indicated that willows Salix spp. dominated the summer diet, whereas the winter diet was divided among willows, birch Betula spp., and cottonwood Populus balsamifera. Low concentrations of available nitrogen in winter stems limited the number of moose that could be supported in our study area. Shrublands were the most valuable habitat type for moose, theoretically supporting 11–81 times more moose per hectare than any other habitat type. Shrublands were more concentrated within the developed portion of our study area than the surrounding undeveloped portions of the military base; and the access to shrublands in clearings, greenbelts, and parks sustains the productivity of this moose population despite the many disturbances of an urbanized landscape. Our habitat values can be used to model potential impacts of habitat modification on the number of moose the landscape can support.
The Belgian Law on Mediation, in light of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation and of the UNCITRAL Project on Enforceability of Settlement Agreements
Authors: Knieper Judith , Montineri Corinne 
Published: March 2015

The Belgian Law on Mediation, in light of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation and of the UNCITRAL Project on Enforceability of Settlement Agreements
This contribution sets out the work done so far by UNCITRAL in the field of conciliation/mediation, but also examines whether the Belgian Mediation Act is compatible with the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation of 2002. Finally, it gives an introduction to the proposal made by the U.S. delegation to the UNCITRAL Commission to elaborate an international convention on the enforcement of mediated settlement agreements.
League of Arab States
Authors: Pinfari Marco 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The “League of the Arab States,” commonly known as the “Arab League,” is a regional organization that currently includes 22 countries in the Middle East and Africa. Founded in 1945, it is the oldest among the major regional organizations and its main mission is to promote cooperation between Arab countries and offer a forum for managing disputes that involve member states. Even if it is still an important actor in the regional politics of the Middle East and North Africa, it is often considered among the weakest and least effective regional organizations worldwide, and its role as the leading multilateral organization in the Middle East is increasingly challenged by sub‐regional bodies such as the Gulf Cooperation Council.
Ethology and Human Development
Authors: Bateson Patrick 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEthologists have focused on behavior that is characteristic of the species and adapted to its biological requirements. They have attempted to integrate the four separate problems identified by Tinbergen, namely those to do with current processes, current utility, evolution and development. Studies of development have brought ethologists together with those working in many other fields of biology, psychology, psychiatry, and epigenetics. In doing so, issues such as unitary innateness, nature versus nurture, and heritability have proved to be misleading. Attention is now focused on how an individual develops and the interplay between the processes generating the robust features of an individual's behavior and the many processes involved in plasticity. Individuals make choices and control their environment. Their adaptability is crucial. All these activities have an impact on the evolution of their descendants.
The Development of Agency
Authors: Sokol Bryan W. , Hammond Stuart I. , Kuebli Janet , Sweetman Leah 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAgency is a relational developmental construct. The most basic form of agency is already present in the dynamic, self‐organizing activities of living systems. We discuss how, from the earliest point in the development of persons, agency manifests in different forms and grows through the interrelations of various bio‐psycho‐social processes. These processes can be organized into general levels, including the levels of biophysical agency, psychosocial agency, and sociocultural agency. We further describe how the most flexible and richest forms of agency seen in adulthood build from developmental processes evidenced throughout the life span: infants’ sensorimotor and perceptual functioning, toddlers’ symbolic representational and linguistic functioning, the child's self‐regulatory functioning, and adolescents’ and young adults’ moral functioning. Altogether these functions provide persons with the ability to create the conditions for their own agency, particularly through their participation in community life. This chapter ends with a discussion of the role that civic institutions, especially higher education, must play in expanding human agency.
Dialectical Models of Socialization
Authors: Kuczynski Leon , Mol Jan De 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Despite contemporary acceptance that children are active agents in their own socialization, that causality between parents and children is bidirectional, and that context matters, basic concepts used in socialization research continue to reflect an underlying mechanistic ontology. In this chapter we propose that a dialectical relational systems conception of the transaction model provides direction for future advances in the study of dynamic parent‐child socialization processes with an emphasis of intergenerational change, not only continuity. The chapter begins by exploring dialectics as a framework underlying an organismic‐contextual meta‐theory for understanding the transactional model of human development. The chapter then outlines social relational theory as a framework for translating four assumptions of a dialectical ontology including agency, holism, contradiction, and synthesis to reformulate major transactional processes in parent‐child relations and socialization. The chapter ends by considering implications for application and methodology informed by dialectics.
Human Development and Culture
Authors: Mistry Jayanthi , Dutta Ranjana 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter discusses advances in both concepts and methods directed toward the integration of culture and human development. In extending prior syntheses of emergent convergences across varying disciplinary perspectives that emphasize culture and human development, we bring to the fore parallels between sociohistoric‐cultural perspectives and relational development science perspectives. We begin with a brief summary of how three subfields of psychology (i.e., cultural, cross‐cultural, and developmental) began to converge in significant ways over the past three decades in order to provide a context within which the current conceptual, theoretical, and methodological advances toward the integration of culture and human development can be understood. This is followed by the main focus of the chapter–a discussion of both conceptual issues and methodological advances that have been made in the integration of culture and human development. In particular, we call attention to four key advances: (1) the relation of person and culture as embodied or mutually constitutive, (2) the integration of meaning‐making as part of context, (3) action and epigenesis as the source and process of developmental change, and (4) the simultaneous focus on both idiographic and nomothetic levels of analysis. Finally, to highlight the significant progress that has been made in application of these advances in theory and methods, we provide brief overviews of two specific topics of research in the field of human development where the integration of cultural and developmental science perspectives appears to be most promising. These two topics are the emerging field of cultural neuroscience, and integrative research on socialization and ethnic identity development.
Moral Development
Authors: Turiel Elliot 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter addresses theory and research on the development of morality from early childhood through adolescence. A structural‐developmental‐relational approach is presented proposing that children construct configurations of thinking about welfare, justice, and rights connected with emotions like affection, sympathy, and empathy. Along with the construction of moral judgments, children form systems of judgments in the domain of social convention, involving uniformities within social systems, and the personal domain, involving understandings of legitimate arenas of choice, freedoms, and autonomy. In this social domain approach, moral, conventional, and personal judgments are distinct from each other and constitute separate developmental pathways. The structural‐relational domain approach is compared with other approaches to moral development and associated general psychological assumptions. A critique is offered of past and contemporary views that assume that people's decisions are most frequently nonrational or even irrational and that morality is not based on substantive concepts like welfare and justice.The critique of those approaches is followed by discussion of the relation of morality and culture, taking into account societal contexts and cultural practices in explaining development. Research is presented indicating that cultures need to be characterized as heterogeneous, and that individuals both partake in culture practices and engage in opposition to and resistance of practices entailing inequalities and domination of one group (such as males) over another (such as females). It is proposed that morality is not relative to cultural contexts, but that commonalities across cultures do not reflect absolutism in moral decision making.After considering the research on social domains, processes of decision making are discussed. Social decision making involves coordination, or weighing and balancing of different moral and social goals, or of different and competing moral goals. Processes of coordination are also central to explanations of age‐related continuities and discontinuities in moral development. The body of research on distinct social domains, the development of moral judgments, and orientations to cultural practices supports a structural‐constructivist and relational theory of moral development.