bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of 3% Phosphate Ascorbyl Gel on Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Enamel treated with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: da Silva Monica Barros , de Castro Milena de Fátima Schalcher , Silva Alice Carvalho , Franco Marcela Mayana Pereira , Silva Ana Paula Brito , da Silva Bramante Fausto , Lima Darlon Martins , Pereira Adriana de Fátima Vasconcelos 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the effect of 3% phosphate ascorbyl gel (PA) in different times onto the microshear bond strength of composite resin (CR) to bovine enamel treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP).

Materials and methods
Thirty enamel blocks of bovine incisors were made and divided into 5 groups (n = 6) with three specimens per group (n = 18), according to treatment: G1= No bleaching + CR; G2 = HP + CR after 15d; G3 = HP + CR after 24 hours; G4 = HP + PA (15 min) + CR after 24 hours; G5 = HP + PA (2 hours) + CR after 24 hours. The resin cylinders were made by Tygon matrices. Microshear bond strength test was performed using universal testing machine with a 50N load at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture modes were assessed by a stereomicroscope 40 ×. Microshear bond strength values were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) one-way and Tukey test (p < 0.05).

Results
G1 had significant results when compared to G3 and G5 (p < 0.01). However, G2, G3, G4 and G5 have showed no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). Failure modes were categorized into adhesive (90%) and mixed (10%).

Conclusion
The use of 3% phosphate ascorbyl gel for 15 minutes was able to improve bond strength of composite resin to bleached bovine enamel, but when 3% phosphate ascorbyl gel was applied during 40 minutes it negatively interfered in the adhesion of the resin to bleached bovine enamel.

How to cite this article
de Castro MFS, Silva AC, Franco MMP, Silva APB, Bramante FS, da Silva MB, Lima DM, Pereira AFV. The Effect of 3% Phosphate Ascorbyl Gel on Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Enamel treated with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):376-382.
An in vitro Comparison of Endodontic Medicaments Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide alone and in Combination with Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Shrivastava Rahul , Rai Vivek Kumar , Kumar Aina , Sinha Sonal , Tripathi Prerna , Gupta Khushboo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial properties of propolis and calcium hydroxide alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis).

Materials and methods
The laboratory study was carried out to test the effectiveness of propolis and calcium hydroxidealone as well as in combination with the established endodontic medicaments (moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin). The various combinations were—group 1: propolis, group 2: calcium hydroxide, group 3: moxifloxacin, group 4: ciprofloxacin, group 5: propolis + moxifloxacin, group 6: propolis + Ciprofloxacin, group 7: calcium hydroxide + ciprofloxacin, group 8: calcium hydroxide + moxifloxacin. The efficacy of these medicaments was tested by checking for the zone of inhibition for the specific strain (ATCC 29212) of E. faecalis at different time intervals, i.e. 24, 48 and 72 hours.

Results
Mean zone of inhibition was maximum in group V (21.94 ± 4.26) followed by group VI (18.80 ± 1.93), g roup I (18.71 ± 4.26), group VIII (15.88 ± 2.59), group III (14.91 ± 1.00), group VII (14.57 ± 2.17), group IV (13.91 ± 1.00) and minimum in group II (12.89 ± 2.14). Mean zone of inhibition was found to be maximum at 72 hours and minimum at 24 hours. At all time intervals, the combination of Propalis with Moxiflocacin showed the maximum antimicrobial efficacy.

Conclusion
On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that propolis and calcium hydroxide show synergistic effect with moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against E. Faecalis. Propolis in combination with antibiotics and alone is more effective than calcium hydroxide.

Clinical significance
Since propolis alone and in combination with antibiotics was observed to be more effective than calcium hydroxide, propolis can be considered as an intracanal medicament when compared to traditional calcium hydroxide

How to cite this article
Shrivastava R, Rai VK, Kumar A, Sinha S, Tripathi P, Gupta K, Sabharwal S. An in vitro Comparison of Endodontic Medicaments Propolis and Calcium Hydroxide alone and in Combination with Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin against Enterococcus Faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):394-399.
Resilon: Review of a New Material for Obturation of the Canal
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Mohammadi Zahed , Shalavi Sousan , Kinoshita Jun-Ichiro 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Resilon is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based endodontic material alternative to gutta-percha. It contains bioactive glass and also radiopaque fillers. It has the same handling properties as gutta-percha. For endodontic retreatment, it may be dissolved with some solvents, such as chloroform or softened with heat. The composition of Resilon and its sealer (Epiphany) bond to dentin and form a monoblock. A review of the literature and a discussion of its properties comparing to other root canal filling materials are presented.

How to cite this article
Mohammadi Z, Jafarzadeh H, Shalavi S, Bhandi S, Kinoshita J-I. Resilon: Review of a New Material for Obturation of the Canal. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5): 407-414.
Local government finance: challenges in revenue-raising at the Municipal Corporation of Delhi
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Simanti 
Published: June 2015

The main objective of this paper is to examine the extent to which the capital city of Delhi has gained financial autonomy over the years. In order to better understand its progress, the paper compares the periods before and after the submission of the Third State Finance Commission Report of Delhi. The main findings suggest there have been some efforts to reduce reliance on transfers from upper tiers of government and to strengthen ‘own revenues’ atthe Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). A greater diversification of tax and non-tax revenue sources is responsible for this improvement. In the second period, other tax sources such as corporation tax and electricity tax gained in importance. Non-tax revenues were also strengthened by higher collection of certain components such as conversion charges. However, own revenues have been inadequate to meet growing expenditure requirements, resulting in high revenue expenditure gaps. Further, the growth in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP has not led to a rise in own revenues for MCD.Rather, the paper finds that higher GSDP and its tertiary sector components are associated with higher expenditures in MCD. As far as local revenues are concerned, higher GSDP is associated with higher transfers, but has no discernible impact on own revenues.
Expanding entrepreneurship opportunities through local governance: the case of Barbados
Authors: Pounder Paul 
Published: June 2015

This paper looks at the government and local governance structures of Barbados, arguing that local governance should be leveraged to expand entrepreneurship opportunities at the community level. It examines the links between local governance and entrepreneurship, and proposes a framework aimed at strengthening the relationship between Barbados’ newly formed constituency councils and its government institutions supporting entrepreneurship. The research concludes that there are many inefficiencies in the interaction between government agencies and constituency councils, which the proposed framework is a first step toward remedying. The research suggests that local governance is a complex issue worldwide. More specifically in Barbados, even though the role of the constituency councils is defined, there are weak formal arrangements which undermine the processes and activities to support community entrepreneurship. The proposed framework highlighted in the research is a first step in formalising a way forward for entrepreneurship in the community.
Challenges to implementing of development plans at local-level government in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Barcson Benjamin Saimbel 
Published: June 2015

The 1995 local-level government reforms undertaken in Papua New Guinea (PNG) were largely in response to increasing concern that the public service was failing in its responsibility towards the people. As a result, the 1995 Organic Law on Provincial and Local Governments (OLPLLG) was established. The prime purpose of this was to address this issue through deeper engagement of the lower levels of government, particularly local-level governments (LLGs). Almost two decades on, poor socio-economic conditions and deterioration in infrastructure/services suggest that the proposed change has not materialised. The purpose of this paper is to address the question of whether the lower tiers of government are capable of implementing the development plans under the reforms. The paper finds that the 1995 reforms have made LLGs dependent upon their Joint District Planning and Budget Priorities Committee (JDP & BPC) and their district administration, which have become the main impediment to local government effectiveness. This in turn has greatly hindered LLG capacity and has reinforced unequal relations, rather than assisting service delivery in PNG. There is therefore a need to make LLGs more effective players.
“Demeurer vivant jusqu’à...”: La question de la vie et de la mort et le “religieux commun” chez le dernier Ricœur
Authors: Sugimura Yasuhiko 
Published: June 2015

Malgré sa distinction nette qu’il maintient délibérément entre le discours philosophique et le discours confessionnel, Ricoeur laisse s’entrecroiser ces deux niveaux de sa pensée lorsqu’il s’agit de la “conviction” profonde qui la motive. L’idée d’ “attestation ”, considérée comme le “mot de passe” à sa dernière “herméneutique du soi”, en témoigne particulièrement. Tout en renfermant une connotation religieuse, ce terme renvoie à l’ontologie fondamentale heideggérienne, où l’attestation (Bezeugung) est totalement dé-théologisée pour désigner la manière dont le Dasein assume sa propre mort. Mais Ricoeur ne reprend cette notion de Heidegger qu’en lui faisant subir une profonde modification. Il remplace “l’être-pour-la-mort” par le “ demeurer vivant jusqu’à...”, dans la profondeur de laquelle Ricoeur parvient à discerner “ le religieux en commun”. De cette démarche tortueuse, comment peut-on tirer une possible conception de la “philosophie de la religion”? Cet article constitue une première étape pour répondre à cette question.
Perceptions towards Codes of Behaviour: A Study of CAOs, CFOs and Other Employees in Bahrain
Authors: Wakil Amal Abdel , Shamim Farkhanda 
Published: June 2015

<p>The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that affect Chief Accounting Officers (CAOs), Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) and other employees’ perception of codes of behavior in their organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain and whether an ethical work environment is influenced by factors such as the establishment of a code of behavior, corporate ethics committee, and/or policy empowerment. The paper is interpretive in nature for which data is collected using survey questionnaires. The findings validate components of an effective code of behavior similar to those identified in the literature which include: implementation of codes of behavior, checking on compliance by internal audit committees, achievement of their goals, follow-up on complaints and confidential channels for reporting ethics violations. Also, results show that the organizations under study generally comply with the values in their codes of behavior. However, the results indicate that the ethical work environment as it currently exists in the Kingdom of Bahrain lacks three aspects. First, setting of a code of behavior seems to be a mixed responsibility between legal departments and outside councils, with minimal participation from the employees. Second, the responsibility to check ethics complaints does not necessarily rest with the ethics committee. Third, lack of a robust mechanism that increases accountants’ and financiers’ awareness of the importance of COE. </p>
“Soper at Oure Aller Cost”:
Authors: Archer Jayne Elisabeth , Turley Richard Marggraf , Thomas Howard 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The reward for the best storyteller among the pilgrims in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is a meal: “soper at oure aller cost” (I 799). This narrative detail gives tangible form to the traditional association between literary creation and arable farming. Chaucer's diverse pilgrims and the tales they tell are woven together by the language, tropes, and contemporary concerns relating to anxieties about the production, supply, distribution, purity, and quality of food. Focusing on the figure of the Plowman, the apocryphal Plowman's Tale, and the Reeve's Tale, and reading them in the context of sociopolitical and religious dissent (the 1381 Peasants' Revolt and Lollardy respectively), this essay traces the ways in which the Canterbury Tales engages with the politics and poetics of food supply in the final decades of the fourteenth century.
Wynkyn de Worde's Lost Manuscript of the Canterbury Tales:
Authors: Tokunaga Satoko 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Previous scholarship has argued that the manuscript (*W) used by Wynkyn de Worde for his 1498 edition of the Canterbury Tales (Wn) was derived from the same line of descent as Gg (Cambridge University Library MS Gg.4.27) and Ph1 (The University of Texas, The Harry Ransom Center MS 46). Most recently, Stephen Partridge, examining the glosses of Wn, has proposed a theory that two types of glossed text, an El-Ll2 type and a Gg-Ph1-Wn type, were derived from a common lost source, and that a further stage of copying of a Gg-Ph1-Wn type led to Gg and Ph1 with glosses largely omitted and Wn with glosses. My extensive textual analyses of Wn have advanced this theory, and show that Wn/*W is textually closer to Ph1 than Gg and retains more archetypal readings than these two manuscripts. These findings strengthen the possibility that a copying of *W led to the production of Gg and Ph1, or a manuscript behind them.
“Now Kynde me avenge”:
Authors: Pfrenger Andrew 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article considers the ambiguity underlying Conscience's call for vengeance in the final lines of Piers Plowman (B.20.385–86). Thorough analysis of Langland's treatment of vengeance as a form of justice elsewhere in the poem reveals a process of redefinition that transforms vengeance from a violent act of retributive justice to a tempered act of restorative justice. By contextualizing this process within the popular literature and influential moral theology of Langland's day, one discovers a theory of justice that includes a considered awareness of human psychology, specifically the influence of negative emotions like hatred and anger. Viewed in light of these factors, Conscience's call for vengeance becomes a cry for mercy and love in society.
Moral Obligations, Virtue Ethics, and Gentil Character in Chaucer's Franklin's Tale
Authors: Greene Darragh 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Franklin's Tale provides an answer to the ethical question par excellence: how ought one to live in order to secure happiness? It will be shown how Chaucer carefully chooses and constructs a fitting teller, for the Franklin's most distinctive characteristic, liberality or generosity, is essential to the solution of the ethical problem presented in his story. Moreover, the tale itself implicitly questions the coherence and efficacy of law-based morality, specifically that of deontological obligations. As an alternative, the Franklin recommends virtue ethics, that is, living in accordance with the value system of gentillesse in order to develop a gentil character, which secures such happiness as is possible in an imperfect world.
Bourgeois Ethics Again:
Authors: Critten Rory G. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This essay focuses on the interrelationship of the romances and the conduct poems contained in Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Ashmole 61 (ca. 1500). Drawing on the work of Felicity Riddy, it examines the contrasting ways in which these texts articulate a particular bourgeois ethos. Tensions that arise from their different approaches to this phenomenon are read as evidence of an attitude towards the matter of good conduct that is at once more searching and more provisional than that which has typically been attributed to the milieu in which Ashmole 61 was copied and read.
The Meanings of Middle English Wight
Authors: Farrell Thomas J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
E. Talbot Donaldson's emendation of CT, III 117 to “And of so parfit wis a wrighte ywroughte,” not adopted in the recent Variorum volume, rests on insufficiently established evidence. I demonstrate that Donaldson himself retracts crucial aspects of his argument; that Middle English usage shows both ambiguity and significant overlap between the word wight and divine beings (especially the second person of the Trinity); that Chaucer, who adheres to Donaldson's categorical distinction in Troilus, abandons it in the Canterbury Tales; and that various writers in the Christian tradition designate as the Creator (the point at issue in this line) Jesus the Christ: the second person of the Trinity whom it is unambiguously possible to call a wight. Donaldson's emendation remains possible, but the case for making it is much weaker than we have long supposed.
Staging the Reception of American Ethnic Authors in Women's Popular Magazines:
Authors: Vechinski Matthew James 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT:
This article investigates how Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club penetrated the mainstream with the help of magazines read by millions of women and teenage girls. Seventeen and Ladies' Home Journal first published two stories from the book that were edited to isolate the relationships between Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-born daughters. This emphasis in turn simplified the stories' representation of Chinese-American families and peer groups, offering a way for the magazines to appeal to their audiences' existing cultural assumptions. The book's title story as edited for Ladies' Home Journal celebrates an adult daughter's renewed interest in her mother's traditions, and the version of “The Rules of the Game” that appeared in Seventeen champions a talented young daughter asserting her independence from her mother. In addition to the reception of these stories in the context of women's magazines, the article considers readers' responses to The Joy Luck Club book—an example of a short story cycle by an ethnic American author. Audiences outside the academy have found it difficult to read across interlinking stories, which limits their level of engagement with the text. The demanding fictional form of Tan's book, much like the truncated magazine versions of the stories, may actually encourage shallow interpretations of the struggles of its ethnic American characters.
Asian American Literature and Reading Formations:
Authors: Layfield Allison 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT:
Since the 1970s, literature by Asian American women writers has made a significant impact on the American literary canon. But despite these gains, this article argues that the reception of Asian American literature is limited not only by aesthetics and literary value, but by several factors specific to the perceived racial and national identity of its authors or characters. Through a reception study of two novels by Nora Okja Keller, Comfort Woman and Fox Girl, Layfield argues that a positive reception of Asian American women's literature depends on several key factors: first, readers want to experience the situation of Asian women; second, the story of this “other” needs to be told in a familiar structure associated with Asian American literature, such as the mother-daughter tale; and finally, this story needs to conform to successful immigration stories in which the heroine reaffirms the importance of the nuclear family and portrays immigration to the United States as a means of salvation.
Encountering the Islamic Other in Print:
Authors: Carter Perry L. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT:
This article presents the results of a content analysis and a thematic analysis of undergraduate students’ essays on the Middle East, specifically on the nation of Iran. The students were all members of a world regional geography class taught at a public west Texas university during the Fall of 2002. These students’ writings provide a particular regional view of the Islamic world post- September 11, 2001. The essays are responses to Christiane Bird's travelogue Neither East nor West. Bird's book, published before the September 11, 2001, attacks, offers a balanced if not positive view of Islam in general and Iran in particular. The written narratives produced by students afford an aperture into their imagined geographies and figured worlds of the Middle East and the Muslim world.
Els exempla de Valeri Màxim a la literatura catalana medieval
Authors: Rovira Cerdà Helena 
Published: June 2015

Resum: Diverses obres en llengua catalana dels s. XIV-XV contenen nombrosos exempla procedents, de forma directa o indirecta, dels Dictorum factorumque memorabilium libri novem de Valeri Màxim. En aquest article incloem una taula on es localitzen 233 episodis de l’autor romà en 24 obres escrites en català, tant originals com traduccions. A més, analitzem el procés de transmissió dels episodis inclosos en el Memorial del pecador remut de Felip de Malla, la Doctrina compendiosa atribuïda per uns a Francesc Eiximenis i per altres a Ramon Soler, la Doctrina moral de Nicolau de Pacs, el Llibre del joc dels escacs de Jaume de Cèssulis, el Recull d’exemples d’Arnau de Lieja, i altres obres amb una presència més esporàdica d’episodis dels Dicta com ara l’anònim Curial e Güelfa, La nau de Lleonard de Sors i les Flors de virtut e de costums traduïdes per Francesc de Santcliment. Paraules clau: Valeri Màxim, exempla, oratòria, intertextualitat, literatura catalana medieval. Abstract: Many works written in Catalan during the XIV and XV centuries transmit several exempla from the Dictorum factorumque memorabilium libri novem of Valerius Maximus. In this paper we include a table with the exact location of 233 episodes in 24 Catalan works. Moreover, we examine more deeply the transmission of these episodes in Felip de Malla’s Memorial del pecador remut, the Doctrina compendiosa attributed by some to Francesc Eiximenis and by others to Ramon Soler, the Doctrina moral of Nicolau de Pacs, the Llibre del joc dels escacs of Jacobus de Cessolis, the Recull d’exemples of Arnold of Liége, and some other works with less passages related to Valerius Maximus, as the anonymous Curial e Güelfa, La nau of Lleonard de Sors and the Flors de virtut e de costums translated by Francesc de Santcliment. Key words: Valerius Maximus, exempla, oratory, intertextuality, medieval Catalan literature.
Omaggio a Joan Vinyoli
Authors: Ripa Valentina 
Published: June 2015

Riassunto: In continuità con l’omaggio a Joan Vinyoli organizzato a Roma nel 2014, si propongono le traduzioni in italiano di alcuni suoi componimenti, con testo a fronte. Parole chiave: Joan Vinyoli, traduzione dal catalano all’italiano, poesia catalana del Novecento. Abstract: In continuity with the Joan Vinyoli Tribute organized in Rome in December 2014, I propose the translation from Catalan to Italian of some of his poems. Keywords: Joan Vinyoli, translation from Catalan to Italian, twentieth-century Catalan poetry.