bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Growth and Development in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Comparison between Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting and Primary Periosteoplasty
Authors: Cagáňová Veronika , Borský Jiří , Šmahel ZbyněK , Velemínská Jana 
Published: July 2013

Objective To describe the effect of secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate by comparison with a sample of patients who have undergone primary periosteoplasty. Design Cephalometric analysis of lateral x-ray films in a retrospective semilongitudinal study. Patients Lateral x-ray films of 18 secondary alveolar bone grafting patients and 48 primary periosteoplasty patients at 10 years of age and again at 15 years of age. Settings The treatment of secondary alveolar bone grafting patients included lip repair according to Tennison, palatoplasty including retropositioning, pharyngeal flap surgery, and secondary alveolar bone grafting. The lips of primary periosteoplasty patient were repaired using the methods of Tennison and Veau, followed by primary periosteoplasty, palatoplasty including retropositioning, and pharyngeal flap surgery. Methods Lateral radiographs were assessed using classical morphometry. Results There were few significant differences at 10 years of age between the secondary alveolar bone grafting and primary periosteoplasty patients. At 15 years of age, there were several significant differences. Compared with primary periosteoplasty patients, subsequent development in patients who had undergone secondary alveolar bone grafting was characterized by a significantly better position of the upper and lower dentoalveolar components in relation to the facial plane, a higher increase in the global convexity of the soft profile, a significantly better maxillary inclination, and a more favorable development of vertical intermaxillary relationships. Conclusion Craniofacial development in secondary alveolar bone grafting patients was better than that in primary periosteoplasty patients due to the more marked facial convexity, the increased prominence of the nose, and better vertical intermaxillary relationships.
Installations-Happenings, liaisons dangereuses ?
Authors: Goldberg Itzhak 
Published: July 2013

Les « installations » et les « happenings », ces deux formes esthétiques qui émergent à la fin des années 1950, sont souvent pratiqués par les mêmes artistes, influencés par l’enseignement de John Cage. Comme lui, ils accordent une importance aux modes d’expression qui s’adressent simultanément à tous les sens et réalisent des œuvres où le cadre et les attitudes des créateurs, devenus performers , semblent improvisés et modifiables. Même si l’installation est liée surtout au site et la « performance » au mouvement, les deux ont souvent un terrain commun.
La fascination de la peau
Authors: Roques Sylvie , Vigarello Georges 
Published: July 2013

C’est à une catégorie de performances spécifiques s’approchant du Body Art et de l’art corporel, prenant pour médium le corps et investissant de manière spécifique ses frontières – comme la peau –, que nous nous intéresserons. Notre point de vue sera davantage celui de l’historien s’appuyant sur les traces de performances passées, telles les photographies et les archives, et mettant en perspective les questionnements qui n’ont cessé de les traverser.
Présences et simulacres sur scène et au tribunal
Authors: Sherwin Richard , Gouarné Esther 
Published: July 2013

Richard Sherwin analyse les changements structurels qui marquent les procès dans le contexte de notre ère néo-baroque, saturée d’images et d’informations. Il recourt à une comparaison entre pratique du droit et théâtre post-moderne, en s’appuyant en particulier sur l’exemple du groupe The Builders Association. Le procès devient en effet lui aussi une performance multimédia envahie par les écrans, ce qui remet en question le sens du témoignage et la valeur de la preuve, car les images deviennent des copies de copies de plus en plus retravaillées et virtuelles. Le parallèle entre théâtre hybride et performance du droit permet de comprendre les risques de l’hybridation du procès, coupé de la réalité dont il doit rendre compte, et qui doit se redéfinir pour conserver sa légitimité.
De la performance à la performativité
Authors: Féral Josette 
Published: July 2013

Arrivées récemment sur la scène française, les notions de « performance » et de « performativité » y demeurent encore quelque peu confuses et les enjeux qu’elles recouvrent peu clairs. Cet article souhaite donc faire une lecture analytique de la pensée de Schechner, à l’origine de ce grand mouvement des Performance Studies qui marque les études théâtrales, en dialoguant avec elle et en en soulignant les paradoxes et les usages possibles.
Voyage(s) dans l'immobilité
Authors: Marussich Yann 
Published: July 2013

L’artiste performer Yann Marussich commente ici son propre itinéraire, ses expérimentations, ses performances réalisées depuis le début des années 2000. Il nous livre le parcours chronologique de sa recherche artistique et donne un aperçu de sa méthodologie de travail, comme de ses présupposés. Partant de la danse et du Body Art, il développe une méthodologie singulière, centrée sur l’immobilité apparente mettant en jeu des micro-mouvements.
Determining hydrological and soil mechanical parameters from multichannel surface‐wave analysis across the Alpine Fault at Inchbonnie, New Zealand
Authors: Konstantaki L.A. , Carpentier S. , Garofalo F. , Bergamo P. , Socco L.V. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCombining S‐wave data, resulting from surface‐wave dispersion analysis with P‐wave tomographic data, is a valuable tool to improve the understanding of near‐surface soil properties and allows the estimation of soil mechanical parameters and the determination of the depth of the water table. To achieve this combination of methods in a complex fault zone setting, active‐source seismic data were acquired at Inchbonnie, New Zealand across the Alpine Fault. This is a major transpressional strike‐slip fault that has generated magnitude > 7.8 earthquakes in the past. In this study, we focus on the surface‐wave component of these data, to determine elastic parameters for the shallow (~60 m) subsurface as well as the depth of the water table. We achieve this by combining S‐wave velocity models from surface‐wave dispersion curve inversion and P‐wave velocity models obtained from traveltime tomographic inversion in a previous study. The surface‐wave dispersion curve inversion is done by means of a laterally constrained inversion algorithm.As a result, we are able to obtain elastic parameters and map the water table and the geology around the Alpine Fault at Inchbonnie, New Zealand. The Alpine Fault itself appears as a relatively sharp lateral discontinuity in all investigated parameters.
Application of alternative seismic‐stacking techniques to ringing noise removal from GPR data
Authors: Rashed Mohamed 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTRinging is a common type of coherent noise that degrades the quality of ground‐penetrating radar data. Conventional ringing attenuation or a background removal algorithm works by generating an average ensemble that is then subtracted from all traces in a GPR section. This study presents four alternative algorithms, usually used in stacking‐seismic reflection data, for generating such an ensemble. These algorithms include median stack, diversity stack, alpha‐trimmed stack and smart stack. The traditional algorithm and the four alternative algorithms are tested using two real GPR data sets. The outcomes of the five background removal methods are compared to each other and to the original data using statistical analyses and visual inspection. The results show that all the four alternative techniques are more efficient in background removal than the conventional technique, with the smart ensemble yielding the best results followed by the alpha‐trimmed ensemble.
Entre réhabilitation du scepticisme et critique du cartésianisme : Foucher lecteur du scepticisme académique
Authors: Charles Sébastien 
Published: July 2013

Réduire le renouveau sceptique propre à la période moderne au seul pyrrhonisme serait passer sous silence la résurgence du scepticisme académicien à la fin du xviie siècle en la personne de Simon Foucher, pour qui l’académisme constituait la seule philosophie capable de déjouer les impasses du dualisme cartésien au niveau de ses implications épistémologiques. Voilà pourquoi, pour donner une idée exacte de ce que fut le scepticisme moderne, il est important de présenter les raisons justifiant, pour Foucher, une nécessaire réhabilitation de l’académisme, afin d’évoquer la compréhension et l’interprétation qui furent les siennes de ce courant philosophique, et l’utilisation qu’il en a faite contre le cartésianisme présenté sous la forme d’un nouveau dogmatisme. C’est donc au nom d’une conception sceptique de la philosophie conçue comme recherche méthodique de la vérité et dénuée de tout préjugé dogmatique, que Foucher s’en est pris au dualisme de ses contemporains, comme s’il avait compris que seule la philosophie académicienne pouvait être en mesure de fournir à l’esprit scientifique des temps nouveaux une méthode sceptique adaptée, anticipant par là le « pyrrhonisme raisonnable » du siècle suivant.
Protective CD8 T Cell–Mediated Immunity against Influenza A Virus Infection following Influenza Virus–like Particle Vaccination
Authors: Hemann Emily A. , Kang Sang-Moo , Legge Kevin L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe development of influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines capable of inducing cytotoxic CD8 T cell responses could potentially provide superior, long-term protection against multiple, heterologous strains of IAV. Although prior studies demonstrated the effectiveness of baculovirus-derived virus-like particle (VLP) vaccination in generating Ab-mediated protection, the role that CD8 T cell immunity plays in overall VLP-mediated protection is less-well understood. In this article, we demonstrate that intranasal vaccination of mice with a VLP containing the hemagglutinin and matrix 1 proteins of IAV/PR/8/34 leads to a significant increase in hemagglutinin 533–specific CD8 T cells in the lungs and protection following subsequent homologous challenge with IAV. VLP-mediated protection was significantly reduced by CD8 T cell depletion, indicating a critical role for CD8 T cells in protective immunity. Importantly, our results show that VLP vaccine–induced CD8 T cell–mediated protection is not limited to homologous IAV strains. VLP vaccination leads to an increase in protection following heterosubtypic challenge with a strain of IAV that avoids vaccine-induced neutralizing Abs but contains conserved, immunodominant CD8 T cell epitopes. Overall, our results demonstrate the ability of influenza protein–containing VLPs to prime IAV-specific CD8 T cell responses that contribute to protection from homo- and heterosubtypic IAV infections. These results further suggest that vaccination strategies focused on the development of cross-protective CD8 T cell responses may contribute to the development of “universal” IAV vaccines.
Prolactin Is Not Required for the Development of Severe Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Costanza Massimo , Musio Silvia , Abou-Hamdan Mhamad , Binart Nadine , Pedotti Rosetta 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Predominance of multiple sclerosis (MS) in women, reductions of disease flares during pregnancy, and their increase in the postpartum period have suggested a hormonal influence on MS activity. The hormone prolactin (PRL) has long been debated as a potential immune-stimulating factor in several autoimmune disorders, including MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, to date, no data clearly ascribe a pathogenic role to PRL in these diseases. Using PRL receptor–deficient (Prlr−/−) and PRL-deficient (Prl−/−) mice, we show that PRL plays a redundant role in the development of chronic EAE. In Prlr−/− and Prl−/− mice, EAE developed with a delayed onset compared with littermate control mice, but with full clinical severity. In line with the clinical outcome, T cell proliferation and production of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-6 induced by myelin Ag were delayed in Prlr−/− and Prl−/− mice. Ag-specific IgG Ab responses were not affected by PRLR or PRL deficiency. We also show that mouse lymph node cells and purified CD4+ T cells express transcript for Prlr, but not for Prl. These results reveal that PRL does not play a central role in the development of chronic EAE and optimal Th1 and Th17 responses against myelin. Moreover, they also rule out a possible contribution of PRL secreted by immune cells to the modulation of autoreactive T cell response in this model.
Sir Gawain and the White Monks:
Authors: J. Stephen Russell 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
This essay considers the role of the Virgin Mary in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in light of Cistercian Marian devotional writing. Mary enters the poem as an image on Gawain's shield, but Gawain's focus on her recedes until she is all but forgotten at Bercilak's castle. The study then examines the more structural role of the Virgin in the poem, specifically her invocation in two of the work's dominant images: the star and the kiss. The star has long-standing Marian associations in the form of her title, maris stella. Less obviously, the kiss is connected to Mary through Song of Songs 1:1, “Osculetur me osculo oris sui.” Commentaries and sermons on this text by Bernard of Clairvaux and Aelred of Rievaulx, especially Aelred's Sermon on the Nativity of Mary (XXIV), link these motifs and provide suggestive context for Sir Gawain.
L’entretien individuel en recherche qualitative : usages et modes de présentation dans la Revue des sciences de l’éducation
Authors: Baribeau Colette , Royer Chantal 
Published: July 2013

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude visant à connaître l’usage de l’entretien individuel en recherche qualitative. Elle s’appuie sur l’analyse des précisions méthodologiques fournies dans 18 articles empiriques recourant à l’entretien individuel, publiés entre 2006 et 2009 dans laRevue des sciences de l’éducation. Les résultats révèlent : une utilisation marquée de l’entretien semi-dirigé ; des objectifs, contextes de recherche, participants et procédures d’analyse décrits de manière peu précise ; des résumés généralement conformes aux exigences de laRevueet l’absence de précisions quant aux précautions éthiques et à la scientificité des études. Des questions sont soulevées au regard de la validité des données et des résultats.
Croyances motivationnelles, habiletés numériques etstratégies dans l’apprentissage des mathématiquesen formation professionnelle
Authors: Berger Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2013

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyserempiriquement, dans un échantillon de 281 apprentis enformation professionnelle suivant des cours de mathématiques,les relations entre les habiletés dans le domaine duraisonnement numérique, les perceptions de soi et de latâche, les buts de compétence, ainsi que lesstratégies d’apprentissage. Des analyses de cheminementmontrent que les divers buts de compétence sont préditsde manière différentielle par les perceptions de soi etde la tâche. En outre, les buts de compétence exercent unrôle médiateur dans la relation entre les perceptions dela tâche et de soi et les stratégiesd’apprentissage. Finalement, l’instrumentalitéperçue et l’anxiété ont des effets directset indirects sur la mobilisation de stratégiesd’apprentissage. Les résultats sont discutésà la lumière des théories motivationnelles et del’apprentissage autorégulé ainsi que par lacomparaison avec d’autres études empiriques.
Approches pragmatique et dispositionnaliste du rapport aux savoirs scientifiques des enseignants d’éducation physique, agrégés et normaliens
Authors: Quidu Matthieu 
Published: July 2013

Dans le cadre d’une approche pragmatique, nous étudionsles savoirs scientifiques jugés utiles par une populationsingulière de professeurs d’éducationphysique : les agrégés, anciens élèvesde l’École normale supérieure. À partir dequestionnaires ouverts, sont identifiés le contenu et la formede ces savoirs, leurs modes d’acquisition et leurs fonctions pourl’intervention. Les résultats sont confrontésà ceux de Terral et Collinet (2007) obtenus sur unéchantillon généraliste, en vue de discuter del’impact éventuel d’expériences originales desocialisation. Au final, les enseignants interrogésprivilégient les savoirs technologiques sur les savoirsscientifiques et sont partagés entre des dispositionsapplicationnistes et contextualistes.
Ultrasound Imaging on Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
Authors: Emerson Donald S. , Cohen Harris L. , Parks Frank , Wan Jim Y. , Graves Houston 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) adequately satisfy radiologists' needs in ultrasound (US) imaging and which PACS functions may be inadequately implemented for handling US diagnosis.MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to the membership of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound asking them to rate their PACS experience for different modalities, judge the quality of various PACS functions having an impact on US practice and diagnosis, indicate if they felt a need for US‐related PACS functions to be implemented or improved, and rate PACS‐related improvements for different components of their US practice.ResultsOf the 161 respondents, 112 (70%) used a general radiology PACS. Of these respondents, only 53.2% gave a high rating to the US experience in PACS, significantly lower (P < .0001) than for computed tomography (85.2%), magnetic resonance imaging (84.4%), and radiography (83.2%). The functionality of US‐specific display, image‐processing, and data management PACS processes were graded significantly lower than basic PACS display functions. Only 0.9% of respondents highly rated PACS handling of 3‐dimensional US volume data, whereas 92% highly rated the quality of the black‐and‐white US image display (P < .0001). Most respondents would like most of these US‐specific functions implemented or improved, and most respondents stated that PACS has improved their US practice in different ways, although the contribution in more complex image analysis is lagging.ConclusionsRadiologists with a special interest in US believe that the PACS experience for US is lacking. This research helps identify those specific tasks that may further improve work efficiency and diagnostic confidence.
Evaluation of the Particulate Concentration in a Gelatin‐Based Phantom for Sonographically Guided Lesion Biopsy
Authors: Gerstenmaier Jan F. , McCarthy Colin J. , Brophy David P. , Cantwell Colin P. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the particulate concentration in a gelatin‐based ultrasound phantom for lesion biopsy at 6 cm in depth to reduce visualization of the biopsy needle in the near field, simulating subcutaneous fat and tissue echogenicity, and maintain target lesion visualization.MethodsFour gelatin‐based phantoms with cornstarch at concentrations of 4, 8, 12, and 16 g/L and an anechoic gelatin target at 7 cm in depth were rated on a 5‐point scale by readers for visibility of the target lesion, similarity of near‐field to abdominal subcutaneous fat echogenicity, and visibility of a 22‐gauge spinal needle in the phantom. A timed sonographically guided localization task was performed on the anechoic target by 4 radiology residents using the 22‐gauge spinal needle. Results were analyzed by comparative statistical analysis.ResultsAn increasing particulate concentration did not alter the similarity of near‐field to abdominal subcutaneous fat echogenicity (P = .6) but did significantly reduce visibility of the anechoic target at a cornstarch concentration of 16 g/L (P = .04) and the 22‐gauge needle at 12 g/L (P = .03). Decreased visualization of the needle or target lesion did not affect the time for needle localization of the anechoic target (P = .96).ConclusionsThe optimal ultrasound phantom cornstarch concentration was 12 g/L to reduce visualization of the spinal needle, simulating subcutaneous fat echogenicity while maintaining target lesion visualization.
Fetal Cardiac Circumference Derived by Spatiotemporal Image Correlation as a Predictor of Fetal Hemoglobin Bart Disease at Midpregnancy
Authors: Siwawong Woralak , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Luewan Suchaya , Tongsong Theera 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the fetal cardiac circumference derived by spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) for predicting fetal hemoglobin (Hb) Bart disease.MethodsPregnancies at risk of fetal Hb Bart disease at 17 to 22 weeks' gestation were enrolled. All underwent STIC volume acquisition for analysis of fetal cardiac dimensions and cordocentesis for Hb level and Hb typing analysis. Spatiotemporal image correlation volume data sets were subsequently analyzed offline for cardiac circumference measurements, which were used to evaluate the efficacy in predicting fetal anemia and fetal Hb Bart disease.ResultsA total of 88 pregnancies at risk of fetal Hb Bart disease at 17 to 22 weeks were recruited into the study. The cardiac circumference was significantly higher in fetuses with Hb Bart disease than in unaffected fetuses (1.33 and 1.02 multiples of the median [MoM], respectively; P < .001). The cardiac circumference effectively predicted fetal Hb Bart disease (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.97), with sensitivity of 86.4% (95% CI, 72.0%–100%) and specificity of 78.1% (95% CI, 68.0%–88.3%) using a cutoff point of greater than 1.17 MoM, whereas the cardiothoracic ratio had better efficacy, with sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI, 78.9%–100%) and specificity of 85.9% (95% CI, 77.4%–94.5%) using a cutoff point of greater than 0.50.ConclusionsAt midpregnancy, a cardiac circumference of greater than 1.17 MoM can be used as an alternative sonographic marker for predicting fetal Hb Bart disease, although not perfectly. However, the cardiothoracic ratio seems to be more accurate than the cardiac circumference for such a purpose.
Alcohol and inequity in the process of development: Contributions from ethnographic research
Authors: Schmidt Laura A. , Room Robin 
Published: July 2013

Schmidt, L. A. & Room, R. (2012). Alcohol and inequity in the process of development: Contributions from ethnographic research. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 1(1), 41-55. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.38 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.38) Drawing on 33 ethnographic studies of drinking in low- and middle-income countries around the world, this paper describes common themes pertaining to economic development, alcohol consumption and related harms. Three crosscutting themes emerged that shed light on why alcohol consumption and problems tend to increase during periods of economic development. First, from the perspective of the global alcohol industry, developing countries often become viewed as emerging consumer markets. Commercially produced alcohol tends to gain a higher status than traditional locally produced beverages, replacing them as resources allow. Drinking and beverage choices thus both symbolize new social divisions and help create them. Second, economic relations change whereby women’s interests often lose ground as men’s drinking increases. Commercialization of production may mean that women lose control over what was traditionally a home-produced supply. Resources that once stayed in the family or community may be exported as commercial profits. Third, alcohol often becomes both a source and symbol of political tensions and class divisions. Governments may become dependent on commercial alcohol revenues and willing to tolerate high levels of alcohol-related harm. In response, social and cultural movements, often promulgated by women, spontaneously emerge from within developing societies to counterbalance elite interests in the alcohol trade and push against external market forces.