bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clay Mineralogy, Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry, and Water/Rock Ratio Estimates, Te Mihi Area, Wairakei Geothermal Field, New Zealand
Authors: Libbey Ryan B. , Longstaffe Fred J. , Flemming Roberta L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDioctahedral clays from an active continental geothermal system have been studied to assess their usefulness as proxies of paleo-hydrological and thermal conditions in the subsurface. Drill cuttings from Well WK244 in the Te Mihi area of the Wairakei Geothermal Field, New Zealand, were analyzed to determine the mineralogical, morphological, and isotopic characteristics of hydrothermal clays in these samples. Mixed-layer illite-dioctahedral smectite (I-S) and R0 chlorite-trioctahedral smectite are the main clay minerals, with I-S clays varying downward from R1 to R3 ordering and 50 to >90% illite over 160 m. The proportion of illite in I-S correlates positively with downhole temperature (r = 0.98) and I-S morphology changes from high aspect ratio ribbons, laths, and hairy fibers to pseudo-hexagonal plates with depth. Swelling clay percentages determined using the methylene blue method show a strong positive correlation with %S in I-S (r = 0.91), validating use of methylene blue as a rapid field tool for characterizing the smectite to illite transition in this active geothermal environment. The oxygen isotopic composition of I-S (dd18OI-S) decreases systematically with depth, and mostly reflects a progressive increase in subsurface temperature during clay formation. Estimates of water/rock ratios calculated using δ18OI-S values display stratigraphic variability that corresponds to variations in permeability. Oxygen isotopic measurements of I-S are a useful tool for understanding reservoir and permeability evolution in such geothermal systems and their related fossil analogs.
The Rate and Mechanism of Deep-Sea Glauconite Formation at the Ivory Coast-Ghana Marginal Ridge
Authors: Baldermann Andre , Warr Laurence N. , Grathoff Georg H. , Dietzel Martin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe environmental conditions and reaction paths of shallow-water glauconitization (<500 m water depth, ~15°C) close to the sediment-seawater interface are generally considered to be well understood. In contrast, the key factors controlling deep-sea glauconite formation are still poorly constrained. In the present study, green grains formed in the recent deep-sea environment of the ODP Site 959, Ivory Coast-Ghana Marginal Ridge, (~2100 m water depth, 3-6°C) were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopic methods in order to determine the rate and mechanism of glauconitization.Green clay authigenesis at Hole 959C occurred mainly in the tests of calcareous foraminifera which provided post-depositional conditions ideal for glauconitization. Within this organic-rich microenvironment, Fe-smectite developed <10 ky after deposition of the sediments by precipitation from precursor gels containing Fe, Mg, Al, and silica. This gel formation was supported by microbial activity and cation supply from the interstitial solution by diffusion. At a later stage of early marine diagenesis (900 ky), the Fe-smectites reacted to form mixed-layer glauconite-smectite. Further down (~2500 ky), almost pure glauconite with no compositional gaps between the Fe-smectite and glauconite end members formed. This burial-related Fe-smectite-to-glauconite reaction indicates that the glauconitization process was controlled mainly by the chemistry of the interstitial solutions. The composition of the interstitial solution depends heavily on micro-environmental changes related to early diagenetic oxidation of biodegradable (marine) organic matter, microbial sulfate reduction, silicate mineral alteration, carbonate dissolution, and Fe redox reactions. The availability of Fe is suggested as the probable limiting factor for glauconitization, explaining the various states of green-grain maturity within the samples, and this cation may be the most important rate-determining element.The rate of glauconite formation at ODP Site 959 is given by %GlSed = 22.6·log(ageSed) + 1.6 (R2 = 0.97) where %GlSed is the state of glauconitization in the sediment and ageSed is the sediment age (in ky). This glauconitization rate depends mainly on continuous cation supply (in particular Fe) and is about five times less than that in shallow-shelf regions, suggesting significantly slower reaction at the lower temperature of deep-sea environments.
Understanding the Self: How spatial parameters influence the distribution of anaphora within prepositional phrases
Authors: Lederer Jenny 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the distribution of reflexive and nonreflexive pronouns in the prepositional phrase, concluding that multiple semantic factors play a role in the appearance of one pronoun over the other. The distributional trends in English are explained by referencing the crucial role space plays in grammar, and the resulting implications for Binding Theory (Chomsky 1995) are discussed. The motivating forces for the corpus distribution are based on perceived directionality and location of the denoted event with respect to the body of the event's protagonist. The patterns found in the corpus data are attributed to a range of factors that play a role in the semantic specifications and associations of the pronouns themselves. First, it is argued that the high rate of reflexive pronouns in events that are metaphorically located in the body is due to the reflexive pronoun's close semantic association with the concept of self, a metaphorical body-internal entity. Second, it is argued that the reflexive pronoun is used to signal either an event which is performed on the body (in the referent's peri-personal space) or directed toward the body. Cases of these types are explained by a schematic, semantic parallelism between syntactically complex reflexive events and syntactically simple reflexive events. In both cases, the reflexive pronoun signals a contrastive element. In syntactically complex cases, the PP examples (e.g. John pushed the box toward himself), and syntactically simple cases, those with basic clause structure (e.g. John kicked himself), the reflexive is used to signal that the direction of the event is counter to the direction of expectation, thus explaining why certain reflexive events (e.g. bathe, or pull something toward you) do not have to, and most often, do not occur with the reflexive pronoun.
The attention-grammar interface: Eye-gaze cues structural choice in children and adults
Authors: Ibbotson Paul , Lieven Elena V. M. , Tomasello Michael 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe investigated whether children (3- and 4-year-olds) and adults can use the active passive alternation – essentially a choice of subject – in a way that is consistent with the eye-gaze of the speaker. Previous work suggests the function of the subject position can be grounded in attentional mechanisms (Tomlin 1995, 1997). Eye-gaze is one powerful source of directing attention that we know adults and young children are sensitive to; furthermore, we know adults are more likely to look at the subject of their sentence than any other character (Gleitman et al. 2007; Griffin and Bock 2000). We demonstrate that older children and adults are able to use speaker-gaze to choose a felicitous subject when describing a scene with both agent-focused and patient focused cues. Integrating attentional and grammatical information in this way allows children to limit the degrees of freedom on what the function of certain linguistic constructions might be.
Synthesis and properties of polysiloxane graft waterborne polyurethane modified with α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Yu Yitao , Wang Jing , Wang Xu 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this study, α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane was used to prepare waterborne polyurethane-polysiloxane graft copolymer dispersions. α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane was synthesized via hydroxyl protection, alkylation, anionic ring-opening polymerization, hydrosilylation, and deprotection. Waterborne polyurethane-polysiloxane graft copolymers were prepared by the reaction of poly propylene glycol (PPG), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), and α-N,N-dihydroxyethylaminopropyl-ω-butylpolydimethylsiloxane. The water absorption of copolymer films decreased from 163.9 to 17.3% when polysiloxane content increased from 0 to 5%. The tensile strength of the copolymer films increased from 14.0 MPa to 26.3 MPa and decreased when polysiloxane content was more than 3%. The results revealed that the properties of waterborne polyurethane-polysiloxane graft copolymer dispersions and films were improved by grafting polysiloxane chains to polyurethanes.
Forward Genetics by Genome Sequencing Reveals That Rapid Cyanide Release Deters Insect Herbivory of Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Krothapalli Kartikeya , Buescher Elizabeth M , Li Xu , Brown Elliot , Chapple Clint , Dilkes Brian P , Tuinstra Mitchell R 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Whole genome sequencing has allowed rapid progress in the application of forward genetics in model species. In this study, we demonstrated an application of next-generation sequencing for forward genetics in a complex crop genome. We sequenced an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant of Sorghum bicolor defective in hydrogen cyanide release and identified the causal mutation. A workflow identified the causal polymorphism relative to the reference BTx623 genome by integrating data from single nucleotide polymorphism identification, prior information about candidate gene(s) implicated in cyanogenesis, mutation spectra, and polymorphisms likely to affect phenotypic changes. A point mutation resulting in a premature stop codon in the coding sequence of dhurrinase2, which encodes a protein involved in the dhurrin catabolic pathway, was responsible for the acyanogenic phenotype. Cyanogenic glucosides are not cyanogenic compounds but their cyanohydrins derivatives do release cyanide. The mutant accumulated the glucoside, dhurrin, but failed to efficiently release cyanide upon tissue disruption. Thus, we tested the effects of cyanide release on insect herbivory in a genetic background in which accumulation of cyanogenic glucoside is unchanged. Insect preference choice experiments and herbivory measurements demonstrate a deterrent effect of cyanide release capacity, even in the presence of wild-type levels of cyanogenic glucoside accumulation. Our gene cloning method substantiates the value of (1) a sequenced genome, (2) a strongly penetrant and easily measurable phenotype, and (3) a workflow to pinpoint a causal mutation in crop genomes and accelerate in the discovery of gene function in the postgenomic era.
Management Forecast Quality and Capital Investment Decisions
Authors: Goodman Theodore H. , Neamtiu Monica , Shroff Nemit , White Hal D. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCorporate investment decisions require managers to forecast expected future cash flows from potential investments. Although these forecasts are a critical component of successful investing, they are not directly observable by external stakeholders. In this study, we investigate whether the quality of managers' externally reported earnings forecasts can be used to infer the quality of their corporate investment decisions. Relying on the intuition that managers draw on similar skills when generating external earnings forecasts and internal payoff forecasts for their investment decisions, we predict that managers with higher quality external earnings forecasts make better investment decisions. Consistent with our prediction, we find that forecasting quality is positively associated with the quality of both acquisition and capital expenditure decisions. Our evidence suggests that externally observed forecasting quality can be used to infer the quality of capital budgeting decisions within firms.JEL Classifications: D83, G31, M41Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel anti-TLR9 intrabody
Authors: Reimer Elisa , Somplatzki Stefan , Zegenhagen Diana , Hänel Svenja , Fels Alina , Bollhorst Thorsten , Hovest Ludger , Bauer Stefan , Kirschning Carsten , Böldicke Thomas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractToll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a component of the innate immune system, which recognizes the DNA of both pathogens and hosts. Thus, it can drive autoimmune diseases. Intracellular antibodies expressed inside the ER block transitory protein functions by inhibiting the translocation of the protein from the ER to its subcellular destination. Here, we describe the construction and characterization of an anti-TLR9 ER intrabody (αT9ib). The respective single-chain Fv comprises the variable domains of the heavy and light chain of a monoclonal antibody (mAb; 5G5) towards human and murine TLR9. Co-expression of αT9ib and mouse TLR9 in HEK293 cells resulted in co-localization of both molecules with the ER marker calnexin. Co-immunoprecipitation of mouse TLR9 with αT9ib indicated that αT9ib interacts with its cognate antigen. The expression of αT9ib inhibited NF-κB-driven reporter gene activation upon CpG DNA challenge but not the activation of TLR3 or TLR4. Consequently, TLR9-driven TNFα production was inhibited in RAW264.7 macrophages upon transfection with the αT9ib expression plasmid. The αT9ib-encoding open reading frame was integrated into an adenoviral cosmid vector to produce the recombinant adenovirus (AdV)-αT9ib. Transduction with AdVαT9ib specifically inhibited TLR9-driven cellular TNFα release. These data strongly indicate that αT9ib is a very promising experimental tool to block TLR9 signaling.
Analytical engineering models of high speed normal impact by hard projectiles on metal shields
Authors: Ben-Dor Gabi , Dubinsky Anatoly , Elperin Tov 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this review we consider mainly relatively simple engineering models which can be physically substantiated although usually their justification requires a large number of assumptions. These models are characterized by the following features in the case of normal impact: either they determine the relations between the ”integral characteristics” of penetration (depth of penetration, ballistic limit velocity) in the explicit form (in algebraic form or including quadratures) or they describe local interactions between the shield and the penetrator in the points of the penetrator-shield contact surface that yield such integral characteristics. In this overview we present more or less comprehensively all widely used and also not well known analytical models which have been suggested for describing high-speed penetration into metal shields. This survey is characterized by the following distinguishing features: (i) includes an unprecedented large number of models; (ii) presents models suggested during recent years; (iii) analyzes models which have been originally published in Russian and are not well known in the West.
Seismic analysis of high arch dams considering contraction-peripheral joints coupled effects
Authors: Hariri-Ardebili Mohammad , Mirzabozorg Hasan , Kianoush M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Dam-reservoir interaction is one of the classic coupled problems in which two various environments with different physical characteristics are in contact with each other on interface boundary. Consideration of such interaction is important in design of new dams as well as on safety evaluation of the existing ones. In the present study, the effect of hydrodynamic pressures at various reservoir operational levels on seismic behavior of an arch dam is investigated. Dez ultra-high arch dam in Iran was selected as case study and all contraction and peripheral joints were simulated using node-to-node contact elements which have the ability of opening/closing and tangential movement. In addition, stage construction effects including joint grouting based on available construction reports were considered. The reservoir was assumed to be compressible and the foundation rock was modeled to account for its flexibility. The TABAS earthquake record was used to excite the finite element model of dam-reservoir-foundation system. It was found that dam-reservoir interaction has significant structural effects on the system and generally, operating the considered arch dam at different water levels can highly affects the distribution of the crack prone area under the maximum credible earthquake.
Antimitochondrial Antibody Recognition and Structural Integrity of the Inner Lipoyl Domain of the E2 Subunit of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
Authors: Wang Jinjun , Budamagunta Madhu S. , Voss John C. , Kurth Mark J. , Lam Kit S. , Lu Ling , Kenny Thomas P. , Bowlus Christopher , Kikuchi Kentaro , Coppel Ross L. , Ansari Aftab A. , Gershwin M. Eric , Leung Patrick S. C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs), the serological hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis, are directed against the lipoyl domain of the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC-E2). However, comprehensive analysis of the amino acid residues of PDC-E2 lipoyl β-sheet with AMA specificity is lacking. In this study, we postulated that specific residues within the lipoyl domain are critical to AMA recognition by maintaining conformational integrity. We systematically replaced each of 19 residue peptides of the inner lipoyl domain with alanine and analyzed these mutants for reactivities against 60 primary biliary cirrhosis and 103 control sera. Based on these data, we then constructed mutants with two, three, or four replacements and, in addition, probed the structure of the substituted domains using thiol-specific spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of a 5Ile→Ala and 12Ile→Ala double mutant. Single alanine replacement at 5Ile, 12Ile, and 15Glu significantly reduced AMA recognition. In addition, mutants with two, three, or four replacements at 5Ile, 12Ile, and 15Glu reduced AMA reactivity even further. Indeed, EPR reveals a highly flexible structure within the 5Ile and 12Ile double-alanine mutant. Autoreactivity is largely focused on specific residues in the PDC-E2 lipoyl domain critical in maintaining the lipoyl loop conformation necessary for AMA recognition. Collectively, the AMA binding studies and EPR analysis demonstrate the necessity of the lipoyl β-sheet structural conformation in anti–PDC-E2 recognition.
Influence of environmental conditions and facility on faecal glucocorticoid concentrations in captive pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis)
Authors: Scarlata CD , Elias BA , Godwin JR , Powell RA , Shepherdson D , Shipley LA , Brown JL 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine if housing conditions, specifically pen size and soil enrichment, had an effect on faecal glucocorticoid concentrations in the endangered pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). The success of the captive breeding programme has been limited, so one hypothesis is that chronic stress due to sub-optimal housing conditions may be responsible for poor fecundity. Faecal glucocorticoid concentrations were assessed in 50 females housed among several pen types at two breeding facilities. The highest glucocorticoid concentrations were found in females housed in 0.37 m2crates as compared to enclosures ranging from 0.96 to 75 m2in size. Results also indicated that enrichment of enclosures with soil had a significant influence on adrenal activity, based on a reduction in glucocorticoid excretion for females moved from non-soil pens to those with soil. Last, a significant facility effect on glucocorticoid concentrations was observed, suggesting that factors other than housing influenced adrenal activity in these rabbits. In conclusion, based on measurements of faecal glucocorticoids, pygmy rabbits are best managed in enclosures that contain soil for digging burrows. Pen size had little effect on stress hormones, except for crates where limited space and/or absence of soil was associated with higher glucocorticoid concentrations. These results underline the importance of monitoring glucocorticoid concentrations in captive breeding programmes to identify optimal husbandry and management practices.
Correlation of PD‐L1 expression with CD8+ T cells and oxidative stress‐related molecules NRF2 and NQO1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Yanan , Zhao Hongying , Tian Zhongqiu , Cao Qing , Li Yunlong , Gu Yajuan , Song Qinfei , Hu Xiumei , Jin Mulan , Jiang Xingran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOxidative stress and the immune microenvironment both contribute to the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, their interrelationships remain poorly understood. We aimed to examine the status of key molecules involved in oxidative stress and the immune microenvironment, as well as their relationships with each other and with clinicopathological features and prognosis in ESCC. The expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), CD8, nuclear factor erythroid‐2 related factor‐2 (NRF2), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) was detected using immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 176 patients with ESCC. We employed both combined positive score (CPS) and tumor proportion score (TPS) to evaluate PD‐L1 expression and found a positive correlation between CPS and TPS. Notably, PD‐L1 expression, as assessed by either CPS or TPS, was positively correlated with both NRF2 nuclear score and NQO1 score in stage II–IV ESCC. We also observed a positive correlation between the density of CD8+ T cells and PD‐L1 expression. Furthermore, high levels of PD‐L1 CPS, but not TPS, were associated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastases. Moreover, both PD‐L1 CPS and the nuclear expression of NRF2 were found to be predictive of shorter overall survival in stage II–IV ESCC. By using the Mandard‐tumor regression grading (TRG) system to evaluate the pathological response of tumors to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), we found that the TRG‐5 group had higher NRF2 nuclear score, PD‐L1 CPS, and TPS in pre‐NACT biopsy samples compared with the TRG‐3 + 4 group. The NQO1 scores of post‐NACT surgical specimens were significantly higher in the TRG‐5 group than in the TRG 3 + 4 group. In conclusion, the expression of PD‐L1 is associated with aberrant NRF2 signaling pathway, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastases, and unfavorable prognosis. The dysregulation of PD‐L1 and aberrant activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway are implicated in resistance to NACT. Our findings shed light on the complex interrelationships between oxidative stress and the immune microenvironment in ESCC, which may have implications for personalized therapies and improved patient outcomes.
Aggressiveness, inhibitory control, and emotional states: A provocation paradigm
Authors: Sebalo Ivan , Bozzay Melanie , Verona Edelyn , Chu Simon , Ireland Jane L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current study examines the effects of trait aggressiveness, inhibitory control and emotional states on aggressive behavior in a laboratory paradigm. One hundred and fifty‐one adult participants took part (73 men, 71 women, and 7 nondisclosed). Event Related Potentials (ERPs) during a Go/No‐Go task were utilized to capture the extent of inhibitory processing, with a laboratory provocation paradigm used to assess aggression. Contrary to the expectations, negative affective responses to provocation were negatively associated only with short‐lived aggression and only among those with high past aggressiveness. Furthermore, past aggressiveness was related to a continuous increase in laboratory aggressive behavior regardless of the level of inhibitory control (P3 difference amplitude). However, feeling hostile was associated with short‐lived aggressive behavior, only in those with lower levels of inhibitory control. These findings demonstrate the effect of distinct mechanisms on different patterns of aggressive behavior.