bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old(er) care home residents and sexual/intimate citizenship
Authors: SIMPSON PAUL , HORNE MARIA , BROWN LAURA J. E. , WILSON CHRISTINE BROWN , DICKINSON TOMMY , TORKINGTON KATE 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSexuality and intimacy in care homes for older people are overshadowed by concern with prolonging physical and/or psychological autonomy. When sexuality and intimacy have been addressed in scholarship, this can reflect a sexological focus concerned with how to continue sexual activity with reduced capacity. We review the (Anglophone) academic and practitioner literatures bearing on sexuality and intimacy in relation to older care home residents (though much of this applies to older people generally). We highlight how ageism (or ageist erotophobia), which defines older people as post-sexual, restricts opportunities for the expression of sexuality and intimacy. In doing so, we draw attention to more critical writing that recognises constraints on sexuality and intimacy and indicates solutions to some of the problems identified. We also highlight problems faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGB&T) residents who are doubly excluded from sexual/intimate citizenship because of ageism combined with the heterosexual assumption. Older LGB&T residents/individuals can feel obliged to deny or disguise their identity. We conclude by outlining an agenda for research based on more sociologically informed practitioner-led work.
Breast-feeding and postpartum maternal weight trajectories
Authors: Mullaney Laura , O’Higgins Amy C , Cawley Shona , Kennedy Rachel , McCartney Daniel , Turner Michael J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe examined whether breast-feeding, and in particular exclusive breast-feeding, was associated with maternal weight and body composition changes at 4 months postpartum independently of other maternal variables.DesignProspective longitudinal study. Women were recruited in the first trimester after an ultrasound examination confirmed an ongoing singleton pregnancy. Weight and body composition were measured using advanced bio-electrical impedance analysis at the first antenatal visit and 4 months postpartum. Detailed questionnaires were completed on breast-feeding, socio-economic status, diet and exercise in addition to routine clinical and sociodemographic details.SettingLarge Irish university maternity hospital.SubjectsWomen who delivered a baby weighing ≥500 g between November 2012 and March 2014.ResultsAt the postpartum visit, the mean weight was 70·9 (sd14·2) kg (n470) and the mean BMI was 25·9 (sd5·0) kg/m2. ‘Any breast-feeding’ was reported by 65·1 % of women (n306). Irish nativity (OR=0·085,P<0·001), current smoking (OR=0·385,P=0·01), relative income poverty (OR=0·421,P=0·04) and deprivation (OR=0·458,P=0·02) were negatively associated with exclusive breast-feeding. At 4 months postpartum there was no difference in maternal weight change between women who exclusively breast-fed and those who formula-fed (+2·0v. +1·1 kg,P=0·13). Women who exclusively breast-fed had a greater increase in percentage body fat at 4 months postpartum compared with women who formula-fed (+1·0v. −0·03 %,P=0·02), even though their dietary quality was better. Exclusive breast-feeding was not associated with postpartum maternal weight or body fat percentage change after adjusting for other maternal variables.ConclusionsThere are many reasons why breast-feeding should be strongly promoted but we found no evidence to support postpartum weight management as an advantage of breast-feeding.
Staging cognitive impairment and incidence of dementia
Authors: Santabárbara J. , Lopez-Anton R. , Gracia-García P. , De-la-Cámara C. , Vaquero-Puyuelo D. , Lobo E. , Marcos G. , Salvador-Carulla L. , Palomo T. , Sartorius N. , Lobo A. 
Published: October 2015

Aims.In a background of interest in staging models in psychiatry, we tested the validity of a simple staging model of cognitive impairment to predict incident dementia.Method.A large community sample of adults aged ≥55 years (N = 4803) was assessed in the baseline of a longitudinal, four-wave epidemiological enquiry. A two-phase assessment was implemented in each wave, and the instruments used included the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE); the History and Aetiology Schedule and the Geriatric Mental State-AGECAT. For the standardised degree of cognitive impairment Perneczky et al's MMSE criteria were applied. A panel of psychiatrists diagnosed cases of dementia according to DSM-IV criteria, and cases and sub-cases of dementia were excluded for the follow-up waves. Competing risk regression models, adjusted by potential confounders, were used to test the hypothesised association between MMSE levels and dementia risk.Results.Out of the 4057 participants followed up, 607 (14.9%) were classified as ‘normal’ (no cognitive impairment), 2672 (65.8%) as ‘questionable’ cognitive impairment, 732 (18.0%) had ‘mild’ cognitive impairment, 38 (0.9%) had ‘moderate’ cognitive impairment and eight (0.2%) had ‘severe’ impairment.Cognitive impairment was associated with risk of dementia, the risk increasing in parallel with the level of impairment (hazard ratio: 2.72, 4.78 and 8.38 in the ‘questionable’, ‘mild’ and ‘moderate’ level of cognitive impairment, respectively).Conclusions.The documented gradient of increased risk of dementia associated with the severity level of cognitive impairment supports the validity of the simple staging model based on the MMSE assessment.
How astrocyte networks may contribute to cerebral metabolite clearance
Authors: Asgari Mahdi , de Zélicourt Diane , Kurtcuoglu Vartan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe brain possesses an intricate network of interconnected fluid pathways that are vital to the maintenance of its homeostasis. With diffusion being the main mode of solute transport in cerebral tissue, it is not clear how bulk flow through these pathways is involved in the removal of metabolites. In this computational study, we show that networks of astrocytes may contribute to the passage of solutes between tissue and paravascular spaces (PVS) by serving as low resistance pathways to bulk water flow. The astrocyte networks are connected through aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels with a parallel, extracellular route carrying metabolites. Inhibition of the intracellular route by deletion of AQP4 causes a reduction of bulk flow between tissue and PVS, leading to reduced metabolite clearance into the venous PVS or, as observed in animal studies, a reduction of tracer influx from arterial PVS into the brain tissue.
A novel immunofluorescent assay to investigate oxidative phosphorylation deficiency in mitochondrial myopathy: understanding mechanisms and improving diagnosis
Authors: Rocha Mariana C. , Grady John P. , Grünewald Anne , Vincent Amy , Dobson Philip F. , Taylor Robert W. , Turnbull Doug M. , Rygiel Karolina A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOxidative phosphorylation defects in human tissues are often challenging to quantify due to a mosaic pattern of deficiency. Biochemical assays are difficult to interpret due to the varying enzyme deficiency levels found in individual cells. Histochemical analysis allows semi-quantitative assessment of complex II and complex IV activities, but there is no validated histochemical assay to assess complex I activity which is frequently affected in mitochondrial pathology. To help improve the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and to study the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial abnormalities in disease, we have developed a quadruple immunofluorescent technique enabling the quantification of key respiratory chain subunits of complexes I and IV, together with an indicator of mitochondrial mass and a cell membrane marker. This assay gives precise and objective quantification of protein abundance in large numbers of individual muscle fibres. By assessing muscle biopsies from subjects with a range of different mitochondrial genetic defects we have demonstrated that specific genotypes exhibit distinct biochemical signatures in muscle, providing evidence for the diagnostic use of the technique, as well as insight into the underlying molecular pathology. Stringent testing for reproducibility and sensitivity confirms the potential value of the technique for mechanistic studies of disease and in the evaluation of therapeutic approaches.
Determining the N-terminal orientations of recombinant transmembrane proteins in the Escherichia coli plasma membrane
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsien , Chou Chia-Cheng , Hsu Min-Feng , Wang Andrew H.-J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn silico algorithms have been the common approach for transmembrane (TM) protein topology prediction. However, computational tools may produce questionable results and experimental validation has proven difficult. Although biochemical strategies are available to determine the C-terminal orientation of TM proteins, experimental strategies to determine the N-terminal orientation are still limited but needed because the N-terminal end is essential for membrane targeting. Here, we describe a new and easy method to effectively determine the N-terminal orientation of the target TM proteins in Escherichia coli plasma membrane environment. D94N, the mutant of bacteriorhodopsin from Haloarcula marismortui, can be a fusion partner to increase the production of the target TM proteins if their N-termini are in cytoplasm (Nin orientation). To create a suitable linker for orientating the target TM proteins with the periplasmic N-termini (Nout orientation) correctly, we designed a three-TM-helix linker fused at the C-terminus of D94N fusion partner (termed D94N-3TM) and found that D94N-3TM can specifically improve the production of the Nout target TM proteins. In conclusion, D94N and D94N-3TM fusion partners can be applied to determine the N-terminal end of the target TM proteins oriented either Nin or Nout by evaluating the net expression of the fusion proteins.
An improved scheme on decoy-state method for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Mo , Guo Guang-Can , Wang Qin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractQuantum key distribution involving decoy-states is a significant application of quantum information. By using three-intensity decoy-states of single-photon-added coherent sources, we propose a practically realizable scheme on quantum key distribution which approaches very closely the ideal asymptotic case of an infinite number of decoy-states. We make a comparative study between this scheme and two other existing ones, i.e., two-intensity decoy-states with single-photon-added coherent sources and three-intensity decoy-states with weak coherent sources. Through numerical analysis, we demonstrate the advantages of our scheme in secure transmission distance and the final key generation rate.
Transmission of Hundred-keV Protons through Insulating Nanocapillaries: Charge-patch-assisted Specular Reflections
Authors: Wang G. Y. , Shao J. X. , Song Q. , Mo D. , Yang A. X. , Ma X. , Zhou W. , Cui Y. , Li Y. , Liu Z. L. , Chen X. M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this work, we measured the time evolution of the transmission features of 10–100 keV protons transmitted through nanocapillaries in a polycarbonate (PC) membrane. After reaching equilibrium, transmitted particles with an incident energy of 100 keV were located around the direction along the incident beam but not along the capillary axis, indicating that the transport mechanism of the 100 keV ion was distinct from that of keV-energy ions. The simulation results indicated that charge-patch-assisted collective scatterings on the surface are the main transport mechanism for the hundred-keV ions in nanocapillaries. This scenario fills in the gap in the previous understanding of ion transmission in nanocapillaries from keV to MeV energies.
Compact dual‐band antenna using inverted‐L loop and inner rectangular loop for WLAN applications
Authors: Qu L. , Zhang R. , Kim H.H. , Kim H. 
Published: October 2015

A small loop antenna for WLAN applications is proposed, which is comprised of an inverted‐L loop and an inner rectangular loop achieving dual‐band resonances within a compact size of 4.5 mm × 6.5 mm. A series capacitor in the feeding loop is employed for impedance matching of both bands and a shunt capacitor for high band, respectively. The proposed compact antenna is able to achieve −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 120 and 1260 MHz and average radiation efficiency of 69 and 61% in the 2.4 GHz band and the 5 GHz band, respectively.
The Unique Heart Sound Signature of Children with Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
Authors: Elgendi Mohamed , Bobhate Prashant , Jain Shreepal , Guo Long , Kumar Shine , Rutledge Jennifer , Coe Yashu , Zemp Roger , Schuurmans Dale , Adatia Ian 
Published: October 2015

We hypothesized that vibrations created by the pulmonary circulation would create sound like the vocal cords during speech and that subjects with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) might have a unique sound signature. We recorded heart sounds at the cardiac apex and the second left intercostal space (2LICS), using a digital stethoscope, from 27 subjects (12 males) with a median age of 7 years (range: 3 months–19 years) undergoing simultaneous cardiac catheterization. Thirteen subjects had mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAp) < 25 mmHg (range: 8–24 mmHg). Fourteen subjects had mPAp ≥ 25 mmHg (range: 25–97 mmHg). We extracted the relative power of the frequency band, the entropy, and the energy of the sinusoid formants from the heart sounds. We applied linear discriminant analysis with leave‐one‐out cross validation to differentiate children with and without PAH. The significance of the results was determined with a t test and a rank‐sum test. The entropy of the first sinusoid formant contained within an optimized window length of 2 seconds of the heart sounds recorded at the 2LICS was significantly lower in subjects with mPAp ≥ 25 mmHg relative to subjects with mPAp < 25 mmHg, with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 92%. The reduced entropy of the first sinusoid formant of the heart sounds in children with PAH suggests the existence of an organized pattern. The analysis of this pattern revealed a unique sound signature, which could be applied to a noninvasive method to diagnose PAH.
Sex and Menopause Differences in Response to Tadalafil: 6‐Minute Walk Distance and Time to Clinical Worsening
Authors: Rusiecki Jennifer , Rao Youlan , Cleveland Jody , Rhinehart Zachary , Champion Hunter C. , Mathier Michael A. 
Published: October 2015

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a female‐predominant disease, but there are little data on treatment response by sex and menopausal status. In this retrospective analysis of the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Response to Tadalafil (PHIRST) randomized clinical trial, we assessed treatment response between the sexes by examining change in 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD) and time to clinical worsening (TCW). We examined the effect of menopausal status on the same treatment measures. 6MWD was recorded before and after 16 weeks of treatment with tadalafil or placebo in the PHIRST study cohort of 340 subjects (264 females, 76 males). A univariate analysis was used to assess the effect of sex on change in 6MWD and TCW. Multivariate linear regression and Cox proportional hazards models were built for 6MWD and TCW, respectively. Women were subdivided by age as a surrogate for menopausal status. The linear trend test and the log‐rank test were performed on change in 6MWD and TCW by age. For tadalafil‐treated patients, a significant difference in change in 6MWD by sex (mean: 48.6 m for males vs. 34.7 m for females; P = 0.01) was found, but it was not significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.08). There was a trend toward a female age‐dependent effect in change in 6MWD; the premenopausal group showed the greatest improvement. A significant sex‐ or age‐dependent effect on TCW was not present. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis of the PHIRST trial suggests that men and premenopausal women may experience greater functional improvement when treated with tadalafil than older women, but there was no consistent sex or menopausal effect on TCW.
Telemedicine in India: current state, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Chandwani Rajesh K. , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this conceptual paper is to present the scope of telemedicine, current state of telemedicine in India, challenges in its diffusion and suggest the way forward for implementation of such initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a viewpoint paper that is prepared based on authors’ exposure and knowledge about research topic and the context. A number of appropriate and current citations have been utilised to illustrate current state on the topic as well as to support authors arguments presented in this paper.

Findings
– The discussion presented in this paper suggests that optimal utilisation of technology in healthcare delivery system requires overcoming barriers at multiple levels including policy, resources and socio-cultural levels. Successful implementation of telemedicine entails involvement of all the stakeholders, namely, the specialists, general duty doctors, paramedical personnel, technical staff, coordination staff, policymakers and, most importantly, the target community, from the design stage itself.

Originality/value
– The primary value of this paper lies in providing an overview of current state of telemedicine development in India. It is believed that this article will act as a precursor to future articles on this topic.
Three‐dimensional modelling of magnetotelluric data to image Sehqanat hydrocarbon reservoir in southwestern Iran
Authors: Mansoori I. , Oskooi B. , Pedersen L.B. , Javaheri R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA detailed magnetotelluric survey was conducted in 2013 in the Sehqanat oil field, southwestern Iran to map the geoelectrical structures of the sedimentary Zagros zone, particularly the boundary between the Gachsaran Formation acting as cap rock and the Asmari Formation as the reservoir. According to the electrical well logs, a large resistivity contrast exists between the two formations. The Gachsaran Formation is formed by tens to hundreds of metres of evaporites and it is highly conductive (ca. 1 Ωm–10 Ωm), and the Asmari Formation consists of dense carbonates, which are considerably more resistive (more than 100 Ωm). Broadband magnetotelluric data were collected along five southwest–northeast directed parallel lines with more than 600 stations crossing the main geological trend. Although dimensionality and strike analysis of the magnetotelluric transfer functions showed that overall they satisfied local 2D conditions, there were also strong 3D conditions found in some of the sites. Therefore, in order to obtain a more reliable image of the resistivity distribution in the Sehqanat oil field, in addition to standard 2D inversion, we investigated to what extent 3D inversion of the data was feasible and what improvements in the resistivity image could be obtained. The 2D inversion models using the determinant average of the impedance tensor depict the main resistivity structures well, whereas the estimated 3D model shows significantly more details although problems were encountered in fitting the data with the latter. Both approaches resolved the Gachsaran–Asmari transition from high conductivity to moderate conductivity. The well‐known Sehqanat anticline could also be delineated throughout the 2D and 3D resistivity models as a resistive dome‐shaped body in the middle parts of the magnetotelluric profiles.
Higher circulating resistin protein and PBMCs resistin mRNA levels are associated with increased prevalence of small dense LDL particles in coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Joksić Jelena , Sopić Miron , Spasojević‐Kalimanovska Vesna , Gojković Tamara , Zeljković Aleksandra , Vekić Jelena , Andjelkovic Kristina , Kalimanovska‐Oštrić Dimitra , Jelić‐Ivanović Zorana 
Published: October 2015

SummaryRecent in vitro experiments have indicated that human resistin increases the number of lipoprotein particles secreted by the human hepatocytes and also influences their quality, in terms of generating more proatherogenic lipid particles. The aim of this study is to investigate associations of plasma resistin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) resistin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels with different prevalence of small, dense low‐density lipoprotein particles (sdLDL) in patients with indications for coronary angiography. This study included 65 patients requiring coronary angiography. There were 41 patients without significant stenosis and 24 patients with significant stenosis in at least one major coronary artery. Circulating resistin was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; PBMC resistin mRNA was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The LDL and high density lipoprotein subclasses were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. Plasma resistin (P = 0.031) and PBMCs resistin mRNA (P = 0.004) were significantly higher in patients with proportion of sdLDL particles ≥ 50%, compared to the group with relative proportion of sdLDL particles < 50%. Plasma resistin correlated positively with creatinine (r = 0.456, P < 0.001) and resistin mRNA (r = 0.298, P = 0.014) but negatively with body mass index (r = −0.254, P = 0.034) and total cholesterol (r = −0.286, P = 0.021). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed LDL particle diameter as the only independent predictor of resistin mRNA (R2 = 0.258; adjR2 = 0.190). A significant association between resistin, both PBMCs mRNA and plasma protein, and the relative proportion of sdLDL particles in the circulation of coronary artery disease patients has been established, which implies that increased gene expression of resistin in PBMCs and higher resistin concentration in plasma are related to pro‐atherogenic LDL particle phenotype.