bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyberbullying and its effects on young adolescents: a community-based survey
Authors: Healy S. , Lynch F. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo conduct a study looking at the prevalence and nature of Internet and mobile phone use in young people, focusing particularly on cyberbullying and its potential effects on young people's mental health.MethodThree secondary schools in an area of North Dublin were randomly selected, which included one all boys school, one all girls school and one co-educational school. Written information about the study was given to each school principal and to parents/carers of all first and second year students. First and second year students in each school from whom consent had been received were asked to complete two questionnaires, which included a questionnaire on cyberbullying and a self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A total of 130 students completed the study.ResultsA total of 24 (18.46%) pupils were cyberbullied. Of these, 13 (65% of those cyberbullied) pupils who were cyberbullied said that it had a negative effect on their mood, and 9 (45% of those cyberbullied) said that cyberbullying had a negative effect on their overall mental health. A statistically significant higher proportion of pupils who were cyberbullied scored in the Abnormal/Borderline range of the SDQ, compared with those who were not cyberbullied.ConclusionThis is the first study in Ireland, which looks at the potential mental health difficulties associated with cyberbullying. It is hoped that the information from this study will help to increase awareness of the effects of cyberbullying and help look at ways of managing cyberbullying.
Spanish Adaptation of the Structural Empowerment Scale
Authors: Jáimez Román María J. , Bretones Francisco D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe present study’s objective is to create a Spanish adaptation of theConditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire II(CWEQ-II) by Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian, and Wilk (2004) in order to measure structural empowerment in an organizational context. To do so, this study was conducted in two distinct phases. In the first, a group of experts carried out a back-translation of the questionnaire and in the second phase, we analyzed the questionnaire’s internal structure (through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and external validity. The resulting Spanish version of the questionnaire (CWEQ-S) demonstrated/exhibited good factor structure and good psychometric properties as far as reliability and validity are concerned.
Contextual Variables Associated with Psychosocial Adjustment of Adolescents
Authors: Sbicigo Juliana Burges , Dell’Aglio Débora Dalbosco 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study investigated associations of contextual variables of risk (stressful events and exposure to community violence), variables of protection (family environment, connectivity to the school and community perceptions) and demographic variables (gender and age) with indicators of psychosocial adjustment (self-esteem, involvement in illegal activities and alcohol use in past month) among adolescents. The participants were 685 students (61.5% girls) aged between 12 and 18 years (M= 15.10,SD= 1.52) of public schools in southern Brazil. They answered a questionnaire with 77 questions and an inventory for assessment of family relationships. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the negative perception of family environment, poor connectivity to the school and exposure to community violence were associated with low self-esteem. Involvement in illegal activities was associated with low connectivity to school, stressful events, exposure to community violence and male sex. Finally, alcohol use/month was associated with negative perception of the community, community violence, stressful events, and particularly at the ages of 15–16 years.
Psychoticism and Disruptive Behavior can be also Good Predictors of School Achievement
Authors: Flores-Mendoza Carmen , Widaman Keith , Mansur-Alves Marcela , Bacelar Tatiane Dias , Saldanha Renata 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe relations of Gf(Standard Progressive Matrices Raven), Gc(verbal scale of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Version), personality dimensions (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Junior Version), and disruptive behavior (TDAH scale) with school achievement (measured by TDE test and PISA test) were investigated. Two samples of students (totalN= 534) representing a broad range of socioeconomic status (SES) participated in this study. Path models were conducted. The results demonstrated that (1) in both samples no sex differences related to school achievement were found; (2) in the first sample, after controlling for age and SES differences, Gfand psychoticism predicted (.38 and −.13, respectively) school achievement (measured by TDE test); (3) in the second sample, after controlling for SES differences to which additional measures were administered, Gfand Gcpositively predicted (.22 and .40, respectively) school achievement (measured by PISA test). In addition, psychoticism and disruptive behavior also predicted school performance (−.14 and −.28, respectively). Some theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Temperament and Behavior Problems in Toddlers Born Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight
Authors: Klein Vivian Caroline , Rocha Luciana Cosentino , Martinez Francisco Eulógio , Putnam Samuel P. , Linhares Maria Beatriz Martins 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the temperament and behavior problems of 32 toddlers born preterm and very low birth weight and 25 toddlers born full-term without medical problems. Mothers completed the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist-1.5–5 for assessing toddler`s temperament and behavior problems, respectively. The results showed that, regarding temperament, toddlers born preterm exhibited higher scores on the temperament dimensions Motor Activation, Perceptual Sensitivity, and High Intensity Pleasure, and lower scores on the temperament dimension Cuddliness than toddlers born full-term. In regard to behavior problems, toddlers born preterm showed higher attention problems scores than the comparison group. These findings indicated that children born preterm presented developmental vulnerabilities in temperament dimensions related to behavior problems at toddlerhood. Early intervention programs for preventing psychological problems in at-risk children, especially those born preterm, could focus on children’s temperament dispositions.
Learning of Facial Responses to Faces Associated with Positive or Negative Emotional Expressions
Authors: Aguado Luis , Román Francisco J. , Rodríguez Sonia , Diéguez-Risco Teresa , Romero-Ferreiro Verónica , Fernández-Cahill María 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe possibility that facial expressions of emotion change the affective valence of faces through associative learning was explored using facial electromyography (EMG). In Experiment 1, EMG activity was registered while the participants (N = 57) viewed sequences of neutral faces (Stimulus 1 or S1) changing to either a happy or an angry expression (Stimulus 2 or S2). As a consequence of learning, participants who showed patterning of facial responses in the presence of angry and happy faces, that is, higher Corrugator Supercilii (CS) activity in the presence of angry faces and higher Zygomaticus Major (ZM) activity in the presence of happy faces, showed also a similar pattern when viewing the corresponding S1 faces. Explicit evaluations made by an independent sample of participants (Experiment 2) showed that evaluation of S1 faces was changed according to the emotional expression with which they had been associated. These results are consistent with an interpretation of rapid facial reactions to faces as affective responses that reflect the valence of the stimulus and that are sensitive to learned changes in the affective meaning of faces.
Measurement Invariance Study of the Training Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ)
Authors: Sanduvete-Chaves Susana , Holgado-Tello F. Pablo , Chacón-Moscoso Salvador , Barbero-García M. Isabel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article presents an empirical measurement invariance study in the substantive area of satisfaction evaluation in training programs. Specifically, it (I) provides an empirical solution to the lack of explicit measurement models of satisfaction scales, offering a way of analyzing and operationalizing the substantive theoretical dimensions; (II) outlines and discusses the analytical consequences of considering the effects of categorizing supposedly continuous variables, which are not usually taken into account; (III) presents empirical results from a measurement invariance study based on 5,272 participants’ responses to a training satisfaction questionnaire in three different organizations and in two different training methods, taking into account the factor structure of the measured construct and the ordinal nature of the recorded data; and (IV) describes the substantive implications in the area of training satisfaction evaluation, such as the usefulness of the training satisfaction questionnaire to measure satisfaction in different organizations and different training methods. It also discusses further research based on these findings.
Working Memory as Separable Subsystems: a Study with Portuguese Primary School Children
Authors: Campos Isabel S. , Almeida Leandro S. , Ferreira Aristides I. , Martinez Luis F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlthough much research has been done to study the working memory structure in children in their first school years, the relation of cognitive constructs involved in this process remains uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether working memory is a domain general construct that coordinates separate codes of verbal and visuospatial storage or whether it is a domain-specific construct with distinct resources of verbal and visuospatial information. This paper investigates the structure of working memory, by using the Working Memory Test Battery for Children (WMTB-C) and by doing confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) on a sample of Portuguese children (n= 103) between 8 and 9 years of age. The results of the confirmatory factor analyses that provide the best fit of the data correspond to the model that includes Central Executive and Visuospatial Sketchpad in the same factor, co-varying with a Phonological Loop factor. Moreover, the traditional working memory tripartite structure – based on the Baddeley and Hitch Model – revealed good fit to the data.
Dialectal Effects on a Clinical Spanish Word Recognition Test
Authors: Shi Lu-Feng , Canizales Luz Adriana 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
American Spanish dialects have substantial phonetic and lexical differences. This study investigated how dialectal differences affect Spanish/English bilingual individuals' performance on a clinical Spanish word recognition test.

Method
Forty Spanish/English bilinguals participated in the study—20 dominant in Spanish and 20 in English. Within each group, 10 listeners spoke the Highland dialect, and 10 spoke the Caribbean/Coastal dialect. Participants were maximally matched between the 2 dialectal groups regarding their demographic and linguistic background. Listeners were randomly presented 4 lists of Auditec Spanish bisyllabic words at 40 dB SL re: pure-tone average. Each list was randomly assigned with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of quiet, +6, +3, and 0 dB, in the presence of speech-spectrum noise. Listeners responded orally and in writing.

Results
Dialect and language dominance both significantly affected listener performance on the word recognition test. Higher performance levels were obtained with Highland than Caribbean/Coastal listeners and with Spanish-dominant than English-dominant listeners. The dialectal difference was particularly evident in favorable listening conditions (i.e., quiet and +6 dB SNR) and could not be explained by listeners' familiarity with the test words.

Conclusion
Dialects significantly affect the clinical assessment of Spanish-speaking clients' word recognition. Clinicians are advised to consider the phonetic features of the dialect when scoring a client's performance.
Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease Preliminary Case Report: Audiometric Findings Following Steroid Treatments
Authors: Harris Dave A. , Mikulec Anthony A. , Carls Sarah L. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
This study examined the audiometric findings following steroid treatment for autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), which is characterized by bilateral subacute hearing loss, using oral and intratympanic treatment.

Method
The charts of 9 patients with AIED who had been seen in the Saint Louis University School of Medicine's clinic between 2004 and 2011 were reviewed, with special focus on audiometric results.

Results
The majority of patients benefited from treatment for AIED. Four patients (6 ears) received intratympanic therapy as part of their treatment.

Conclusion
Patients with AIED appeared to benefit from a clinical pathway using a prolonged course of oral steroids, followed by a trial of intratympanic steroids and/or immunosuppresants for refractory cases.
Using the Speech Understanding in Noise (SUN) Test for Adult Hearing Screening1
Authors: Paglialonga Alessia , Grandori Ferdinando , Tognola Gabriella 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
To develop a novel speech-in-noise test for adult hearing screening—the Speech Understanding in Noise (SUN) test. The goal was to design a fast, automated, easy-to-use test to identify difficulties in speech communication.

Method
The SUN test consists of a short list of intervocalic consonants in noise presented in a forced-choice paradigm by means of a touch screen. The SUN test was developed and evaluated in an overall population of >6,000 participants. The test is available in various languages (i.e., English, French, German, and Italian) and continues to be developed in others (e.g., Spanish, Portuguese, and Mandarin).

Results
Test time was <1 min/ear. Test–retest reliability was very good. The test showed good agreement with conventional clinical measures (e.g., pure-tone testing, speech-in-noise testing, and self-reported hearing handicap). The test's sensitivity and specificity to identify disabling hearing impairment were 84% and 75%, respectively. The same results were obtained in low and high ambient noise.

Conclusion
The SUN test is fast, repeatable, easy to use, self-explanatory, specific to the impairment, and robust to ambient noise. It may be a viable approach for adult hearing screening in clinical as well as nonclinical settings.
Effect of Tinnitus on Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions Varies With Hearing Loss
Authors: Husain Fatima T. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
The aim of this study was to measure the effect of tinnitus, while accounting for the effect of hearing loss and aging, on distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).

Method
DPOAEs were measured twice in both ears in 5 groups of participants: young adults with normal hearing, middle-age adults with normal hearing, adults with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, age-matched adults with similar hearing loss and tinnitus, and adults with normal hearing and chronic tinnitus.

Results
Multivariate analysis revealed a main effect of hearing loss and age, but no effect of tinnitus, across all 5 groups. Separate tests revealed significant effects of age and tinnitus in the normal-hearing groups and hearing loss in adults with or without tinnitus, but no effect of tinnitus in those with hearing loss.

Conclusion
DPOAE levels in the group of adults with hearing loss and tinnitus were diminished, but those in the group with normal hearing and tinnitus were enhanced, relative to DPOAE levels in the controls. Outer hair cell function, as indexed by DPOAEs, exhibits a complex association with tinnitus, and this has implications in the use of DPOAEs as a tool both for testing for tinnitus presence and for creating a model of neural mechanisms underlying tinnitus.
Masking Release and Modulation Interference in Cochlear Implant and Simulation Listeners
Authors: Jin Su-Hyun , Nie Yingjiu , Nelson Peggy 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
To examine the effects of temporal and spectral interference of masking noise on sentence recognition for listeners with cochlear implants (CI) and normal-hearing persons listening to vocoded signals that simulate signals processed through a CI (NH-Sim).

Method
NH-Sim and CI listeners participated in the experiments using speech and noise that were processed by bandpass filters. Depending on the experimental condition, the spectra of the maskers relative to that of speech were set to be completely embedded with, partially overlapping, or completely separate from, the speech. The maskers were either steady or amplitude modulated and were presented at +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio.

Results
NH-Sim listeners experienced progressively more masking as the masker became more spectrally overlapping with speech, whereas CI listeners experienced masking even when the masker was spectrally remote from the speech signal. Both the NH-Sim and CI listeners experienced significant modulation interference when noise was modulated at a syllabic rate (4 Hz), suggesting that listeners may experience both modulation interference and masking release. Thus, modulated noise has mixed and counteracting effects on speech perception.

Conclusion
When the NH-Sim and CI listeners with poor spectral resolution were tested using syllabic-like rates of modulated noise, they tended to integrate or confuse the noise with the speech, causing an increase in speech errors. Optional training programs might be useful for CI listeners who show more difficulty understanding speech in noise.
Aripiprazole plus Topiramate in Opioid-Dependent Patients with Schizoaffective Disorder: An 8-Week, Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Preliminary Study
Authors: Bruno Antonio , Romeo Vincenzo M. , Pandolfo Gianluca , Scimeca Giuseppe , Zoccali Rocco A. , Muscatello Maria Rosaria A. 
Published: June 2013

Background The aims of this study were to evaluate a combination of aripiprazole and topiramate in the treatment of opioid-dependent patients with schizoaffective disorder undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and, further, to taper off patients from methadone treatment. Methods Twenty patients who met DSM-IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) criteria for opioid dependence and schizoaffective disorder receiving MMT (80 mg/day) were given aripiprazole (10 mg/day) plus topiramate (up to 200 mg/day) for 8 weeks. A methadone dose reduction of 3 mg/day until suspension at week 4 was established. Results Aripiprazole plus topiramate was effective in reducing clinical symptoms, and a rapid tapering off of MMT was achieved. Conclusions Combining aripiprazole and topiramate may be effective in patients with a dual diagnosis of opioid dependency and schizoaffective disorder.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Perianal Crohn Disease
Authors: de Zoeten Edwin F. , Pasternak Brad A. , Mattei Peter , Kramer Robert E. , Kader Howard A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that includes both Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. Abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and weight loss characterize both CD and ulcerative colitis. The incidence of IBD in the United States is 70 to 150 cases per 100,000 individuals and, as with other autoimmune diseases, is on the rise. CD can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus and frequently will include perianal disease. The first description connecting regional enteritis with perianal disease was by Bissell et al in 1934, and since that time perianal disease has become a recognized entity and an important consideration in the diagnosis and treatment of CD. Perianal Crohn disease (PCD) is defined as inflammation at or near the anus, including tags, fissures, fistulae, abscesses, or stenosis. The symptoms of PCD include pain, itching, bleeding, purulent discharge, and incontinence of stool. In this report, we review and discuss the etiology, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of PCD.
Percutaneous Liver Biopsy
Authors: Short Scott S. , Papillon Stephanie , Hunter Catherine J. , Stanley Philip , Kerkar Nanda , Wang Larry , Azen Colleen , Wang Kasper 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to determine patient factors that predict diagnostic failure or increased risk of bleeding complications following percutaneous liver biopsy in children.Methods:A retrospective review of all children undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy at a single institution between July 2008 and July 2011 was performed. Demographics, comorbid conditions, preprocedural diagnoses/indications, procedural details, laboratory data, pathologic diagnosis, and complications were recorded. Continuous data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test and categorical data by Fisher exact test to determine statistical significance.Results:Two hundred thirteen children (104 girls) with a median age of 7 years (range 1 week–22 years) underwent 328 percutaneous liver biopsies. Nine (4.2%) experienced a decrease in hemoglobin >2 g/dL, 7 required transfusion (3.3%), and 1 patient died (0.5%). Younger age (1.8 vs 84 months, P = 0.05) and lower preprocedural hematocrit (29.3 vs 34.3, P = 0.05) predicted bleeding complications, whereas the number of biopsies, comorbid conditions, and coagulopathy did not. Sixty‐three (19.2%) biopsies were insufficient for definitive histologic evaluation on initial biopsy in 57 patients. Twenty‐one of 57 patients (37%) underwent repeat percutaneous biopsy and 3 of 57 (8%) underwent surgical biopsy. Biopsy provided definitive diagnosis in 86% of cases when repeat biopsy was performed. Shorter specimen length (1.4 vs 1.7 cm, P < 0.01) and biopsies performed for unexplained elevation of liver function tests (34.9% vs 16.7%, P < 0.01) were predictive of nondiagnosis.Conclusions:Percutaneous liver biopsy is safe with a low rate of bleeding‐related complications. Ensuring adequate sample length and careful patient selection may further increase the diagnostic yield.
Effects of global warming on sensory ecology of rock lizards: increased temperatures alter the efficacy of sexual chemical signals
Authors: Martín José , López Pilar 
Published: June 2013

Summary

An almost neglected aspect of climate change is its effects on sensory ecology and sexual signals of animals. Signals used in intraspecific communication are expected to evolve to maximize efficacy under a given climatic condition, but it is unlikely that quick changes in environmental conditions could be compensated by similarly quick evolutionary changes in the design of signals. We predict that global warming will lead to a loss of efficacy of some sexual signals, with important consequences for sexual selection.

We examined experimentally the effects of global warming on the efficacy of chemical signals of a mountain lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni).

We first showed how environmental temperatures in the study area during the mating season of lizards have actually increased in the last years. Then, we tested whether female lizards were able to detect by chemosensory cues the males’ scent marks (i.e. femoral secretions) that were experimentally maintained under current and predicted future temperature conditions.

Results showed that the efficacy (i.e. detectability and persistence) of scent marks is lower at high temperature. Moreover, we showed that scent‐marked substrates maintained under high temperatures were not selected by females, in contrast to the selection of areas scent marked by males, when these substrates were maintained under normal temperatures.

Our study suggests that climate warming could lead to negative changes in the efficacy of sexual signals with potential consequences for the sexual selection and conservation of threatened lizard species.