bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) in 40 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bettinger D. , Knüppel E. , Euringer W. , Spangenberg H. C. , Rössle M. , Thimme R. , Schultheiß M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundPortal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are major complications of advanced liver cirrhosis. Thus, patients are often affected by both complications. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) is an effective treatment for portal hypertension and its complications. However, no established guidelines for the treatment of symptomatic portal hypertension in HCC patients are currently available. In addition, only limited information exists about the consequence of TIPSS implantation in patients with HCC.AimTo evaluate the efficacy, safety and overall survival in HCC patients who underwent TIPSS implantation.MethodsForty HCC patients with portal hypertension who were treated with TIPSS between 1995 and 2012 were included in the analysis. Medical records and imaging studies were analysed. The indication for TIPSS implantation, procedure‐related complications, treatment success and overall survival were assessed.ResultsTIPSS implantation was performed in 23 patients (57.5%) due to treatment refractory ascites, in 14 patients (35.0%) due to recurrent variceal bleeding and in three patients (7.5%) due to ascites and variceal bleeding. Primary technical success was assessed in all patients. After TIPSS implantation, no variceal bleeding reoccurred and ascites was controlled in 74.1%. No severe procedure‐related complications and no deterioration of liver function were observed. Post‐TIPSS hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 40.0% of all patients. 30‐day, 90‐day‐, 1‐year‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 97.5%, 75.0%, 42.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Median overall survival after TIPSS implantation was 180 days.ConclusionTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt implantation is an effective and safe treatment for portal hypertension in patients with HCC.
International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide: meta‐analyses and meta‐regression of correlates of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in bipolar disorder
Authors: Schaffer Ayal , Isometsä Erkki T , Tondo Leonardo , H Moreno Doris , Turecki Gustavo , Reis Catherine , Cassidy Frederick , Sinyor Mark , Azorin Jean‐Michel , Kessing Lars Vedel , Ha Kyooseob , Goldstein Tina , Weizman Abraham , Beautrais Annette , Chou Yuan‐Hwa , Diazgranados Nancy , Levitt Anthony J , Zarate Carlos A , Rihmer Zoltán , Yatham Lakshmi N 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesBipolar disorder is associated with a high risk of suicide attempts and suicide death. The main objective of the present study was to identify and quantify the demographic and clinical correlates of attempted and completed suicide in people with bipolar disorder.MethodsWithin the framework of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide, a systematic review of articles published since 1980, characterized by the key terms bipolar disorder and ‘suicide attempts’ or ‘suicide’, was conducted, and data extracted for analysis from all eligible articles. Demographic and clinical variables for which ≥ 3 studies with usable data were available were meta‐analyzed using fixed or random‐effects models for association with suicide attempts and suicide deaths. There was considerable heterogeneity in the methods employed by the included studies.ResultsVariables significantly associated with suicide attempts were: female gender, younger age at illness onset, depressive polarity of first illness episode, depressive polarity of current or most recent episode, comorbid anxiety disorder, any comorbid substance use disorder, alcohol use disorder, any illicit substance use, comorbid cluster B/borderline personality disorder, and first‐degree family history of suicide. Suicide deaths were significantly associated with male gender and first‐degree family history of suicide.ConclusionsThis paper reports on the presence and magnitude of the correlates of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in bipolar disorder. These findings do not address causation, and the heterogeneity of data sources should limit the direct clinical ranking of correlates. Our results nonetheless support the notion of incorporating diagnosis‐specific data in the development of models of understanding suicide in bipolar disorder.
Hope, Friends, and Subjective Well‐Being: A Social Network Approach to Peer Group Contextual Effects
Authors: Parker Philip D. , Ciarrochi Joseph , Heaven Patrick , Marshall Sarah , Sahdra Baljinder , Kiuru Noona 
Published: October 2014

Research on adolescence has previously shown that factors like depression and burnout are influenced by friendship groups. Little research, however, has considered whether similar effects are present for variables such as hope and subjective well‐being. Furthermore, there is no research that considers whether the degree of hope of an adolescent's friends is associated with well‐being over the individual's level of hope. Data were collected in 2012 from a sample of 15‐year‐olds (N = 1,972; 62% Caucasian; 46% identified as Catholic; 25% had professional parents) from the East Coast of Australia. Findings suggest that individuals from the same friendship group were somewhat similar in hope and well‐being. Multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that friendship group hope was significantly related to psychological and social well‐being.
Effects of Simulated Interventions to Improve School Entry Academic Skills on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Educational Achievement
Authors: Chittleborough Catherine R. , Mittinty Murthy N. , Lawlor Debbie A. , Lynch John W. 
Published: October 2014

Randomized controlled trial evidence shows that interventions before age 5 can improve skills necessary for educational success; the effect of these interventions on socioeconomic inequalities is unknown. Using trial effect estimates, and marginal structural models with data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 11,764, imputed), simulated effects of plausible interventions to improve school entry academic skills on socioeconomic inequality in educational achievement at age 16 were examined. Progressive universal interventions (i.e., more intense intervention for those with greater need) to improve school entry academic skills could raise population levels of educational achievement by 5% and reduce absolute socioeconomic inequality in poor educational achievement by 15%.
Cancer‐like metabolism of the mammalian retina
Authors: Ng Soo Khai , Wood John PM , Chidlow Glyn , Han Guoge , Kittipassorn Thaksaon , Peet Daniel J , Casson Robert J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe retina, like many cancers, produces energy from glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is known as aerobic glycolysis and eponymously as the Warburg effect. In recent years, the Warburg effect has become an explosive area of study within the cancer research community. The expanding knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the Warburg effect in cancer promises to provide a greater understanding of mammalian retinal metabolism and has motivated cancer researchers to target the Warburg effect as a novel treatment strategy for cancer. However, if the molecular mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect are shared by the retina and cancer, treatments targeting the Warburg effect may have serious adverse effects on retinal metabolism. Herein, we provide an updated understanding of the Warburg effect in mammalian retina.
The Antiaging Activity and Cerebral Protection of Rapamycin at Micro‐doses
Authors: Qi Haiyan , Su Feng‐Yun , Wan Shan , Chen Yongjie , Cheng Yan‐Qiong , Liu Ai‐Jun 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackground and purposeThe immunosuppressant drug rapamycin was reported to have an antiaging activity, which was attributed to the TORC1 inhibition that inhibits cell proliferation and increases autophagy. However, rapamycin also exhibits a number of harmful adverse effects. Whether rapamycin can be developed into an antiaging agent remains unclear.Methods and resultsWe demonstrated that rapamycin at micro‐doses (below the TORC1 inhibiting concentration) exhibits a cell‐protective activity: (1) It protects cultured neurons against neurotoxin MPP+ and H2O2. (2) It increases survival time of neuron in culture. (3) It maintains the nonproliferative state of cultured senescent human fibroblasts and prevents cell death induced by telomere dysfunction. (4) In animal models, it decreased the cerebral infarct sizes induced by acute ischemia and dramatically extended the life span of stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR‐SPs).ConclusionWe propose that rapamycin at micro‐dose can be developed into an antiaging agent with a novel mechanism.
Surgical outcome in patients undergoing reversal of Hartmann's procedures: a multicentre study
Authors: Richards C. H. , Roxburgh C. S. D. ,   the Scottish Surgical Research Group (SSRG)
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimRecent evidence has suggested that a laparoscopic rather than an open approach to reversal of Hartmann's procedure (ROH) may be associated with fewer complications. Much of the data for comparison are historical or based on small case series. The aims of this study were to determine the morbidity and mortality of ROH in 10 hospitals in the modern era and to identify risk factors for complications.MethodA multicentre study of patients undergoing ROH (2007–2013) was performed. Data were collected retrospectively from perioperative health databases and casenotes where appropriate on patient demographics, laboratory investigations and operative details. Complications were classified as minor (I–II) or major (III–IV) based on the Clavien–Dindo criteria. Risk factors for complications were assessed by multivariate analysis with calculation of OR with 95% CI.ResultsTen hospitals in Scotland provided data on 252 patients undergoing ROH. Most operations were open (85%) with 15% started laparoscopically (conversion rate 64%). In the postoperative period, 35 (14%) patients had a major complication, including anastomotic leakage in 10 (4%) and postoperative death in one (0.4%). Patients with a complication stayed significantly longer in hospital (12 days vs 7 days, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, a wound complication after the original Hartmann's procedure (OR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.08–13.75, P = 0.038) was associated with any complication after ROH, but only American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.38–8.09, P = 0.007) was independently associated with the development of a major complication.ConclusionROH has a low postoperative mortality but significant morbidity. Most operations are still performed by open surgery, and in those attempted laparoscopically, the conversion rate is high.
Early Improvement in Left Atrial Remodeling and Function after Mitral Valve Repair or Replacement in Organic Symptomatic Mitral Regurgitation Assessed by Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Le Bihan David C. S. , Della Togna Dorival Julio , Barretto Rodrigo B. M. , Assef Jorge Eduardo , Machado Lúcia Romero , Ramos Auristela Isabel de Oliveira , Abdulmassih Neto Camilo , Moisés Valdir Ambrosio , Sousa Amanda G. M. R. , Campos Orlando 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundLeft atrial (LA) dilation is associated with worse prognosis in various clinical situations including chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). Real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has allowed a better assessment of LA volumes and function. Little is known about LA size and function in early postoperative period in symptomatic patients with chronic organic MR. We aimed to investigate these aspects.MethodsBy means of 3DE, 43 patients with symptomatic chronic organic MR were prospectively studied before and 30 days after surgery (repair or bioprosthetic valve replacement). Twenty subjects were studied as controls. Maximum (Vol‐max), minimum, and preatrial contraction LA volumes were measured and total, passive, and active LA emptying fractions were calculated.ResultsBefore surgery patients had higher LA volumes (P < 0.001) but smaller LA emptying fractions than controls (P < 0.01). After surgery there was a reduction in all 3 LA volumes and an increase in active atrial emptying fraction (AAEF). Multivariate analysis showed that independent predictors of early postoperative Vol‐max reduction were preoperative diastolic blood pressure (coefficient = −0.004; P = 0.02), lateral mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e′) (coefficient = 0.023; P = 0.008), and the mean transmitral diastolic gradient increment (coefficient = −0.035; P < 0.001). Furthermore, e′ was also independently associated with AAEF increase (odds ratio = 1.66, P = 0.027).ConclusionEarly LA reverse remodeling and functional improvement occur after successful surgery of symptomatic organic MR regardless of surgical technique. Diastolic blood pressure and transmitral mean gradient augmentation are variables negatively related to Vol‐max reduction. Besides, e′ is positively correlated with both Vol‐max reduction and AAEF increase.
First report ofCurvularia eragrostidisleaf spot onPopulus deltoides
Authors: Bagwari A. , Singh Y. P. , Kumar J. , Dhiman R. C. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryPoplars are affected by a large number of foliar pathogens in nurseries and in the field, which result in biomass reductions. Management of these diseases is essential to minimise losses. During field surveys between 2008 and 12, an unrecognized leaf spot disease was observed on several commercial clones ofP. deltoides(G‐48, Udai,WSL‐22 &WSL‐39). The pathogen was identified asCurvularia eragrostidis. Pathogenicity was proven on all host clones. This paper is the first report of the pathogen affecting poplars.
Sparing of orexin‐A and orexin‐B neurons in the hypothalamus and of orexin fibers in the substantia nigra of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐treated macaques
Authors: Bensaid Manale , Tandé Dominique , Fabre Véronique , Michel Patrick P. , Hirsch Etienne C. , François Chantal 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSeveral studies conducted in patients with Parkinson's disease have reported that the degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons, which are essential for motor control, is associated with the loss of hypothalamic orexin neurons, which are involved in sleep regulation. In order to better explore the mutual interactions between these two systems, we wished to determine in macaques: (i) if the two orexin peptides, orexin‐A and orexin‐B, are distributed in the same hypothalamic cells and if they are localized in nerve terminals that project onto nigral dopaminergic neurons, and (ii) if there is a loss of orexin neurons in the hypothalamus and of orexin fibers innervating nigral dopaminergic neurons in macaques rendered parkinsonian by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication. We showed that virtually all cells stained for orexin‐A in the hypothalamus co‐expressed orexin‐B. Numerous terminals stained for both orexin‐A and orexin‐B immunoreactivity that innervated the whole extent of the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta were found in close proximity to tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive dendrites. These data indicate that orexin‐A and orexin‐B peptides are in a position to play a role in controlling the activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons. However, no loss of orexin‐A or orexin‐B neurons in the hypothalamus and no loss of orexin fibers in the substantia nigra pars compacta was found in MPTP‐treated macaques when compared with control macaques. We conclude that a relatively selective dopaminergic lesion, such as that performed in MPTP‐treated macaques, is not sufficient to induce a loss of hypothalamic orexin neurons.
Change in skin perfusion pressure after the creation of upper limb arteriovenous fistula for maintenance hemodialysis access
Authors: Sueki Shina , Sakurada Tsutomu , Miyamoto Masahito , Tsuruoka Kayori , Matsui Katsuomi , Sato Yuichi , Shibagaki Yugo , Kimura Kenjiro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractArteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most important vascular access method for hemodialysis (HD). However, ischemic steal syndrome occasionally develops. This study evaluated the change in skin perfusion pressure (SPP) after the creation of upper limb AVF and analyzed the relationship between blood flow measurements and the change in SPP. The subjects included 21 patients who underwent radiocephalic AVF creation for the first time between November 2012 and September 2013. We measured SPP on the palm side of the third finger of both hands and assessed blood flow measurements using ultrasound examination before and after the creation of AVF. The subjects consisted of 15 men and 6 women (average age: 65.3 ± 12.7 years, including 12 diabetic patients). Observational period between before and after surgery was 4.9 ± 5.2 days. None of the patients had ischemic steal syndrome after the creation of AVF. Skin perfusion pressure tended to decrease after creation of AVF on the finger of AVF side (100.0 ± 20.9 vs. 87.9 ± 26.5 mmHg, P = 0.063). In contrast, SPP did not change in the limb without AVF (97.9 ± 20.7 vs. 101.0 ± 19.4 mmHg, P = 0.615). The rate of change in SPP was significantly decreased on the finger of AVF side compared with that of limb without AVF (0.055% vs. −0.112%, P = 0.014). There was no correlation between the change in SPP and blood flow measurements. Skin perfusion pressure is possible to detect ischemic steal syndrome after the creation of upper limb AVF.
Why does three times per week hemodialysis provide inadequate dialysis for children?
Authors: Fischbach Michel , Zaloszyc Ariane , Laetitia Higel , Menouer Soraya , Terzic Joelle 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe duration of chronic conventional dialysis is a risk factor in children, both in terms of growth retardation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we need to develop alternative strategies, such as preemptive kidney transplantation and/or more intensive dialysis prescription. Indeed, conventional hemodialysis could be improved in all children by the use of high permeable membrane and ultrapure dialysis fluids (having very low endotoxin levels); by the addition of a convective dialysis dose to the urea diffusion dialysis dose (Kt/Vurea), i.e., hemodiafiltration; moreover, by the preservation of cardiovascular morphology and function (optimized blood pressure control); and also by the prescription of more frequent/longer dialysis sessions.
Experience with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in four newborns: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Tugcu Ali Ulas , Kantar Asli , Abbasoglu Aslihan , Ecevit Ayse , Tarcan Aylin , Baskın Esra 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhen conventional methods for treating complicated problems such as acute and chronic renal failure or metabolic diseases fail, the therapy of choice is peritoneal dialysis (PD) in neonatal period. However, in cases that involve technical difficulties, such as bulky lesions in the abdomen or complications from previous abdominal surgeries, it is not always possible to place a peritoneal catheter. In such situations, continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) can be effective. This case series presents our experience in 2013 with the administration of CVVHDF to four patients in our neonatal intensive care unit who could not undergo PD for various reasons.
The spectrum of rare morphological variants of cutaneous epithelioid angiosarcoma
Authors: Wood Andrew , Mentzel Thomas , van Gorp Joost , Flucke Uta , Huschka Ulrich , Schneider Johann , Bacchi Carlos E , Calonje Eduardo , Brenn Thomas 
Published: October 2014

AimsUnusual cytoplasmic alterations have recently been reported in poorly differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma, making an accurate diagnosis challenging. As these tumours remain poorly documented, we aimed to study their clinicopathological characteristics more comprehensively.Methods and resultsSix cutaneous angiosarcomas with unusual cytoplasmic alterations were identified from referral files. All tumours arose as nodules or plaques (range: 05–195 mm) on sun‐damaged skin of the head and neck of elderly males (median age: 76.5 years). Histologically, the tumours were composed of enlarged epithelioid cells showing prominent signet ring (n = 3), foam (n = 2) or granular cell (n = 1) change. Vasoformative elements were only focally noted. By immunohistochemistry, all tumours expressed CD31 and avian v‐ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homologue (ERG). Foam cell change was associated with additional expression of CD68 and CD163. Follow‐up (median: 8 months) showed death from disease (n = 1), death from a gastrointestinal bleed (n = 1), and a cutaneous metastasis (n = 1). Only two patients are alive with no evidence of disease.ConclusionsOur findings outline the morphological spectrum of cytoplasmic change in cutaneous angiosarcoma. Awareness and a high degree of suspicion in the context of tumours affecting sun‐damaged skin of the elderly are necessary to direct appropriate immunohistochemical work‐up with inclusion of the endothelial cell markers CD31 and ERG.
Gender inequalities in the response to combination antiretroviral therapy over time: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Rosin C , Elzi L , Thurnheer C , Fehr J , Cavassini M , Calmy A , Schmid P , Bernasconi E , Battegay M 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesGender‐specific data on the outcome of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are a subject of controversy. We aimed to compare treatment responses between genders in a setting of equal access to cART over a 14‐year period.MethodsAnalyses included treatment‐naïve participants in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study starting cART between 1998 and 2011 and were restricted to patients infected by heterosexual contacts or injecting drug use, excluding men who have sex with men.ResultsA total of 3925 patients (1984 men and 1941 women) were included in the analysis. Women were younger and had higher CD4 cell counts and lower HIV RNA at baseline than men. Women were less likely to achieve virological suppression < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL at 1 year (75.2% versus 78.1% of men; P = 0.029) and at 2 years (77.5% versus 81.1%, respectively; P = 0.008), whereas no difference between sexes was observed at 5 years (81.3% versus 80.5%, respectively; P = 0.635). The probability of virological suppression increased in both genders over time (test for trend, P < 0.001). The median increase in CD4 cell count at 1, 2 and 5 years was generally higher in women during the whole study period, but it gradually improved over time in both sexes (P < 0.001). Women also were more likely to switch or stop treatment during the first year of cART, and stops were only partly driven by pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, HIV‐related factors, cART and calendar period, female gender was no longer associated with lower odds of virological suppression.ConclusionsGender inequalities in the response to cART are mainly explained by the different prevalence of socioeconomic characteristics in women compared with men.
Jonathan Edwards, Anselmic Satisfaction and God's Moral Government
Authors: Hamilton S. Mark 
Published: October 2014

AbstractJonathan Edwards' doctrine of atonement has recently become a source of interest amongst some contemporary systematic theologians. This article sets out to redress two longstanding and historically strident claims regarding Edwards' doctrine of the nature of atonement: first, that Edwards espoused an Anselmic satisfaction theory of atonement; second, that Edwards also laid the theological foundation for the moral government theory of atonement, popularized in nineteenth‐century America by those of his intellectual tradition. In this article, I lay out the conceptual core of both Anselm's satisfaction theory and the moral government theory of atonement. I argue that the claims noted above lack the explanatory resources needed to account accurately for Edwards' understanding of the nature of the atonement.