bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of Crry and DAF on Murine Platelets Stimulates Thrombopoiesis and Increases Factor H–Dependent Resistance of Peripheral Platelets to Complement Attack
Authors: Barata Lidia , Miwa Takashi , Sato Sayaka , Kim David , Mohammed Imran , Song Wen-Chao 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Complement receptor 1–related gene/protein y (Crry) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF) are two murine membrane C3 complement regulators with overlapping functions. Crry deletion is embryonically lethal whereas DAF-deficient mice are generally healthy. Crry−/−DAF−/− mice were viable on a C3−/− background, but platelets from such mice were rapidly destroyed when transfused into C3-sufficient mice. In this study, we used the cre-lox system to delete platelet Crry in DAF−/− mice and studied Crry/DAF-deficient platelet development in vivo. Rather than displaying thrombocytopenia, Pf4-Cre+-Crryflox/flox mice had normal platelet counts and their peripheral platelets were resistant to complement attack. However, chimera mice generated with Pf4-Cre+-Crryflox/flox bone marrows showed platelets from C3−/− but not C3+/+ recipients to be sensitive to complement activation, suggesting that circulating platelets in Pf4-Cre+-Crryflox/flox mice were naturally selected in a complement-sufficient environment. Notably, Pf4-Cre+-Crryflox/flox mouse platelets became complement susceptible when factor H function was blocked. Examination of Pf4-Cre+-Crryflox/flox mouse bone marrows revealed exceedingly active thrombopoiesis. Thus, under in vivo conditions, Crry/DAF deficiency on platelets led to abnormal platelet turnover, but peripheral platelet count was compensated for by increased thrombopoiesis. Selective survival of Crry/DAF-deficient platelets aided by factor H protection and compensatory thrombopoiesis demonstrates the cooperation between membrane and fluid phase complement inhibitors and the body’s ability to adaptively respond to complement regulator deficiencies.
Rear Cover: The Forgotten Victims: Childhood and the Soviet Gulag, 1929–1953
Authors: MacKinnon Elaine 
Published: February 2013

This study examines a facet of Gulag history that only in recent years has become a topic for scholarly examination, the experiences of children whose parents were arrested or who ended up themselves in the camps. It first considers the situation of those who were true “children of the Gulag,” born either in prison or in the camps. Second, the paper examines the children who were left behind when their parents and relatives were arrested in the Stalinist terror of the 1930s. Those left behind without anyone willing or able to take them in ended up in orphanages, or found themselves on their own, having to grow up quickly and cope with adult situations and responsibilities. Thirdly, the study focuses on young persons who themselves ended up in the Gulag, either due to their connections with arrested family members, or due to actions in their own right which fell afoul of Stalinist “legality,” and consider the ways in which their youth shaped their experience of the Gulag and their strategies for survival. The effects of a Gulag childhood were profound both for individuals and for Soviet society as a whole. Millions of children’s lives were torn apart by the Stalinist terror; they not only lost loved ones and friends, but they also faced social stigmatization, political and economic marginalization, and compromised opportunities for upward mobility and security. For some whose parents were rehabilitated, this brought a degree of normalcy, and they felt that the state had redeemed itself and their families. But for others it contributed to a process of alienation that ended up in political dissidence and emigration. Any history of post-Stalinist society must take into consideration the fact that the Gulag did not just affect those who served time in the camps and colonies, but also the children they left behind. Further studies are needed to determine to what extent the experiences of children of the Gulag informed social patterns during the last decades of the Soviet regime, and in particular, responses to Gorbachev’s efforts at reform.
Intersection of Tax-Exemption and Fraud and Abuse Issues
Authors: Boyle Thomas 
Published: February 2013

Mr. Boyle: Thank you, Alan. First, I want to thank Jan Wenzel from our firm who is a 1999 Health Law Certificate graduate for pulling together some research material.With regard to Tom Hyatt’s comments, let me raise a couple of questions or comments to respond to those comments before I move into some of the other areas. First off, when you look at the test that was designed by the IRS in 1969 we really did not have many hospitals in large parts of the country that were participating in Medicare and Medicaid. In other words, you had a lot of hospitals that were not Medicare/Medicaid providers. You also at that time did not have a very high population that was covered by Medicare and Medicaid. UPMC today, my guess is, 50 to 60 percent of their revenue or patient flow is from Medicare or Medicaid. So of course you have today very few hospitals that do not participate in Medicare or Medicaid because the percentage of the population that has gone into those programs has grown far beyond what was projected in the mid-60s and certainly by 1969. 1
Comments on the Role of the Modern Charitable Health Care Providers
Authors: Emerson Karl 
Published: February 2013

As was indicated earlier, my name is Karl Emerson and I am the Directorof the Pennsylvania Bureau of Charitable Organizations. The Bureau is thestate agency responsible for administering Pennsylvania’s Solicitation ofFunds for Charitable Purposes Act. 1 This is the statute that governsorganizations soliciting charitable contributions from Pennsylvania residents,businesses, and/or private foundations. Pennsylvania’s solicitation statute issimilar to the solicitation statutes of 38 other states and requires organizationssoliciting charitable contributions in Pennsylvania to typically register withthe Bureau prior to soliciting. 2 Registration usually involves the organizationsubmitting a registration statement; a copy of its IRS 990 Return; a copy of itsaudited or reviewed financial statements; and copies of its Articles ofIncorporation, By-Laws, and IRS Determination Letter. 3 The Bureau thenmakes this information available to the public through our toll-free number,our website, and otherwise.
Crisis in the Making: What is Wrong with Pennsylvania Public Health Law
Authors: Bozza John A. 
Published: February 2013

There are few areas of government enterprise where the need to “get it right” is so critical as formulating and executing laws affecting the public health. When the government sets out to exercise its police power 1 to control the spread of disease, its goal is to accomplish an immensely important practical task; and its success is to a great degree objectively determinable—the spread of disease is either curtailed or not. However, the manner in which the government’s goal is reached reflects not only its pragmatic concerns but also a society’s political, social, and legal values.
Waiving Environmental Concerns Along the Border: Fence Construction and the Waiver Authority of the Real ID Act
Authors: Echemendia Jennifer 
Published: February 2013

In 1994, the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”) instituted a border enforcement policy aimed at deterring illegal immigration along strategic points of the United States’ southern border by increasing the presence of border patrol agents and constructing physical barriers. 3 The INS anticipated that securing conventional routes of entry would force illegal immigrants to more remote and rugged sections of the border that would be more difficult to traverse.4 The ultimate success of the policy has been debated, but it did result in a substantial decrease of illegal entries in places like San Diego, California and El Paso, Texas.5 As anticipated, the number of attempted illegal entries also increased along more remote sections of the border, although it is unclear that the inhospitable terrain has deterred significant numbers of illegal immigrants from crossing the border.
Conte v. Wyeth: Caveat Innovator and the Case for Perpetual Liability in Drug Labeling
Authors: Ramey Martin A. 
Published: February 2013

Since the citadel of privity first crumbled for manufacturers of defective products decades ago, state and federal courts have expanded the foundations of products liability law to include not only purchasers as plaintiffs but “ultimate” bystanders under notions of reasonableness, foreseeability and risk allocation. 3 During this time, products such as drugs, blood products and medical devices have come to be viewed as distinct from other commodities, particularly with the coming of the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability.
Sound Body, Sound Mind—The Impact of the Mental Health Parity Act of 2008
Authors: Stuckhardt Leigh 
Published: February 2013

On October 3, 2008, in response to bank and lending house failures and the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression, President Bush signed into law the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, more commonly known as the “bailout bill.” As funds 1 from the financial relief program created by the bailout bill, the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP), are spent to slowly reverse the economic recession, another positive effect of the bailout bill has already taken hold in an area having nothing to do with financial markets—health insurance coverage for Americans suffering from mental illness. This is because, buried within the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act, is the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act of 2008 (the “2008 Act”)—legislation that requires parity in insurance coverage for physical and mental illness.
The Octo Mom Meets Constitutional Law: Testing the Constitutionality of Restricting Fertility Treatments
Authors: Miller-Sporrer Theresa 
Published: February 2013

On 26 January 2009, Nadya Suleman gave birth to eight children. 1 The public outpouring of support quickly turned into widespread condemnation as more information about Ms. Suleman’s multiple pregnancies and financial situation was released.2 Once the public learned not only that Ms. Suleman had six other children but also that all fourteen children had been conceived using in vitro fertilization, the public began to question both her judgment and the judgment of her doctor.3 The public apparently was willing to accept the birth if it was the non-deliberate product of a hormone-based fertility treatment but was less willing to accept the birth if it was the result of a deliberate choice on the part of Ms. Suleman and her physician.
A Brief Introduction to Medicare and the Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals
Authors: Clermont Woody R. 
Published: February 2013

Medicare is a single-payer federal program providing health insurance for individuals ages 65 and older, those meeting the definition for permanent disability within the Social Security Act, 1 and those with end-stage renal disease.2 Medicare also covers care that is both reasonable and necessary in connection with the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying illness or injury.3 Medicare evolved from the Social Security Act over the course of three decades. The original Social Security Act4 was drafted between 1934 and 1935 by the Committee on Economic Security;5 the Committee during the first term of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s presidency, had been under the oversight of United States Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins.
If Words Could Kill: Can the Government Regulate Any Online Speech?
Authors: Pontzer Laura 
Published: February 2013

From the inception of American jurisprudence, an individual’s right to freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution 1 has been given some of the strongest protection available.2 The most celebrated legal minds in American history have consistently advocated the necessity of an open and honest exchange of ideas as fundamental to democratic society,3 even when the ideas expressed may be unpopular or of little value.4 Nonetheless, it is equally well-established that not all speech is protected, particularly where the speech in question poses a threat to public order.5 Although First Amendment law continues to evolve, the media available to Americans wishing to express their ideas seem to be evolving exponentially faster, particularly in the forum provided by the Internet.6 Indeed, the vast expansion and availability of Internet media seem to continually outstrip the much more gradual evolution of the law, not only in the United States but worldwide.
Robust Eye and Pupil Detection Method for Gaze Tracking
Authors: Gwon Su Yeong , Cho Chul Woo , Lee Hyeon Chang , Lee Won Oh , Park Kang Ryoung 
Published: February 2013

Robust and accurate pupil detection is a prerequisite for gaze detection. Hence, we propose a new eye/pupil detection method for gaze detection on a large display. The novelty of our research can be summarized by the following four points. First, in order to overcome the performance limitations of conventional methods of eye detection, such as adaptive boosting (Adaboost) and continuously adaptive mean shift (CAMShift) algorithms, we propose adaptive selection of the Adaboost and CAMShift methods. Second, this adaptive selection is based on two parameters: pixel differences in successive images and matching values determined by CAMShift. Third, a support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier is used with these two parameters as the input, which improves the eye detection performance. Fourth, the center of the pupil within the detected eye region is accurately located by means of circular edge detection, binarization and calculation of the geometric center. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the center of the pupil at a speed of approximately 19.4 frames/s with an RMS error of approximately 5.75 pixels, which is superior to the performance of conventional detection methods.
Graphene‐Based Composite with γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticle for the High‐Performance Removal of Endocrine‐Disrupting Compounds from Water
Authors: Sinha Arjyabaran , Jana Nikhil R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGraphene is a 2D sp2‐hybridized carbon sheet and an ideal material for the adsorption‐based separation of organic pollutants. However, such potential applications of graphene are largely limited, owing to their poor solubility and extensive aggregation properties through graphenegraphene interactions. Herein, we report the synthesis of graphene‐based composites with γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticle for the high‐performance removal of endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDC) from water. The γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles partially inhibit these graphenegraphene interactions and offer water dispersibility of the composite without compromising much of the high surface area of graphene. In their dispersed form, the graphene component offers the efficient adsorption of EDC, whilst the magnetic iron‐oxide component offers easier magnetic separation of adsorbed EDC.
Is there an anatomical marker for the deep peroneal nerve in midfoot surgical approaches?
Authors: Loveday D.T. , Nogaro M‐C. , Calder J.D.F. , Carmichael J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe deep peroneal nerve (DPN) passes over the dorsum of the foot and is susceptible to injury during surgical approaches. The purpose of this anatomical study is to examine the relationship of the extensor hallucis brevis (EHB) as it passes over the DPN. Ten cadaver feet specimens were dissected and the anatomical structures surrounding the neurovascular bundle containing the DPN were examined. In nine out of the ten specimens the DPN was under the EHB musculotendinous junction. In one case it passed through the musculotendinous junction. This cadaver study has found a consistent easily identifiable landmark for protecting the neurovascular bundle containing the DPN during dorsal midfoot surgery. Clin. Anat., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transthoracic Bioimpedance and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Assessment for Prognostic Stratification of Outpatients With Chronic Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Malfatto Gabriella , Corticelli Alfredo , Villani Alessandra , Giglio Alessia , Della Rosa Francesco , Branzi Giovanna , Facchini Mario , Parati Gianfranco 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground:In patients with chronic heart failure, physical evaluation and clinical judgment may be inadequate for prognostic stratification.Hypothesis:Information obtained with simple bedside tests would be helpful in patient management.Methods:We report on 142 outpatients with systolic heart failure seen at our heart failure unit from 2007 to 2010 (ages 69.4 ± 8.9 years; ejection fraction [EF] 30.6 ± 6.1%; 43% with implanted defibrillators and/or resynchronization devices). At their first visit, we assessed levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (pg/mL), evaluated transthoracic conductance (TFC) (1/kΩ) by transthoracic bioimpedance, and performed echocardiography.Results:Four‐year mortality was 21.2%. At multivariate analysis, surviving and deceased subjects did not differ regarding New York Heart Association, age, gender, heart failure etiology, or EF at index visit. Patients who died had higher BNP and TFC (BNP = 884 ± 119 pg/mL vs 334 ± 110 pg/mL; TFC = 50 ± 8/kΩ vs 37 ± 7/kΩ, both P < 0.001]. Patients with BNP < 450 pg/mL and TFC < 40/kΩ had a 2.1% 4‐year mortality, compared to 46.5% mortality of patients having BNP ≥ 450 pg/mL and TFC ≥ 40/kΩ. BNP ≥ 450 pg/mL and TFC ≥ 40/kΩ showed high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (88%)in identifying patients who died at follow‐up.Conclusions:The combined use of BNP and impedance cardiography during the first assessment of a patient in a heart failure unit identified those carrying a worse medium‐term prognosis. This approach could help the subsequent management of patients, allowing better clinical and therapeutic strategies.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Prognostic Evaluation of Catalytic Iron in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Steen Dylan L. , Cannon Christopher P. , Lele Suhas S. , Rajapurkar Mohan M. , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata , Scirica Benjamin M. , Murphy Sabina A. , Morrow David A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground:The potential of iron to generate reactive oxygen species has motivated a long‐standing interest in whether excess iron is causally linked to atherosclerotic heart disease. Circulating catalytic iron (“free” iron) is that which is not bound to transferrin or ferritin and is available to generate reactive oxygen species that may have deleterious vascular effects.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that increased levels of catalytic iron would be associated with increased cardiovascular events.Methods:We investigated the association of catalytic iron with clinical outcomes in 1701 patients with unstable angina, non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI), or ST‐segment elevation MI who were followed for a median of 10 months. All endpoints were adjudicated by a blinded Clinical End Points Committee.Results:The median catalytic iron level was significantly higher in those who died, 0.45 µmol/L (0.37, 0.57), compared with survivors, 0.37µmol/L (0.31, 0.46; P = 0.016). Catalytic iron was associated with a stepwise increased risk of death, with the highest quartile at an almost 4‐fold risk compared with baseline (hazard ratio: 3.94, P = 0.035), which persisted after adjustment for age, diabetes, prior MI, prior congestive heart failure, ST‐segment deviation, creatinine clearance, B‐type natriuretic peptide, smoking, and Killip class (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.97, P = 0.036). There was no association between catalytic iron and risk of MI, recurrent ischemia, heart failure, or bleeding.Conclusions:Increasing catalytic iron levels were associated with increased all‐cause mortality. Although our findings suggest that catalytic iron is not likely to add to available tools as a routine biomarker for risk stratification of recurrent ischemic events, its association with mortality is intriguing and leaves open the question of whether cardiovascular therapeutics aimed at catalytic iron may be useful.The TIMI Study Group has received research grant support from the Muljibhai Patel Society for Research in Nephro‐Urology. There are no other financial relationships, or conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript to disclose.
Comparison of the Seattle Heart Failure Model and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity for Prediction of Death in Patients With Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure and Intracoronary Progenitor Cell Application
Authors: Honold Joerg , DeRosa Salvatore , Spyridopoulos Ioakim , Fischer‐Rasokat Ulrich , Seeger Florian H. , Leistner David , Lotz Saskia , Levy Wayne C. , Zeiher Andreas M. , Assmus Birgit 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground:Despite many therapeutic advances, the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remains poor. Therefore, reliable identification of high‐risk patients with poor prognosis is of utmost importance. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides important prognostic information by peak O2 uptake (peak VO2), maximal oxygen pulse (O2 Pmax), O2 uptake efficiency slope (OUES), and VE/VCO2 slope (VE/VCO2). A different approach for prognostic assessment is the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), which is based on clinical data and calculates the estimated annual mortality.Hypothesis:Comparison of the prognostic value of the Seattle Heart Failure Score and cardiopulmonary excercis testing in patients with chronic heart failure.Methods:One hundred fifty‐seven patients with ischemic heart failure and recent intracoronary progenitor cell application were analyzed for mortality during a follow‐up of 4 years. CPET (peak VO2, O2 Pmax, OUES, VE/VCO2) was performed in all patients at baseline. The SHFM score was calculated for every patient, with data obtained at the time of CPET.Results:During follow‐up, 24 patients died (15.2%). Nonsurvivors had significantly worse initial CPET results and a higher SHFM score compared to survivors. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis of sensitivity and specificity revealed the largest area under the curve value for the SHFM score, followed by VE/VCO2 slope. Kaplan Meier analysis using cutoff points of SHFM and VE/VCO2 slope with highest sensitivity and specificity resulted in significant discrimination of survivors and nonsurvivors. By multivariate analysis, only the SHFM score persisted as independent predictor of mortality in these patients.Conclusions:These data indicate superior prognostic power of the SHFM score compared to CPET in patients with chronic ischemic heart failure.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.