bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of EOR PVT Data using PC-SAFT Equation
Authors: Pedersen Karen S. , Leekumjorn Sukit , Krejbjerg Kristian , Azeem Jawad 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The paper presents a C7+ characterization procedure for the PC-SAFT equation of state. The characterization procedure was applied to model both routine and EOR PVT for a Middle East reservoir fluid. The injection gas contained 60 mole% of CO2. No other parameter adjustment was needed than to determine the optimum binary interaction parameters for CO2. Among the data matched was a liquid-liquid critical point on a swelling curve for a CO2 mol% of 43. The PC-SAFT simulation results suggest that the fluid for this CO2 concentration has two critical points. The one at the lower temperature agrees with the critical point found in the swelling test. The study shows that the potential of the PC-SAFT equation of state in the oil industry is not limited to modeling of asphaltene precipitation and other specialized applications. Extensive routine and EOR PVT data including a minimum miscibility pressure has been modeled using the PC-SAFT equation. Unlike cubic equations, a volume correction does not have to be applied to match liquid densities.
Tight Gas Exploration Potential of Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic Successions in Abu Dhabi
Authors: Taher Ahmed , Al Shateri Abdulla , Al Mehsin Khalil , Witte Johan , Al Zaabi Mohamed , Obaid Khalid 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic formations were not previously considered as exploration objectives. Only a limited wells penetrate these formations and most of these wells were targeting the deeper Khuff and pre-Khuff reservoirs. Stratigraphically, the section is comprised of sequences of shallow marine mixed carbonates intercalating with shale, sandstone and anhydrite streaks. These formations, although they exhibit gradual thickening from the north towards the south direction, yet they show remarkable lateral consistency, both in lithology and log response. Primary and secondary porosity are generally poor in these formations, reflecting the deep burial depth and the intercalation of shale and anhydrite beds with the carbonate reservoirs. Structurally, the formations have been subjected to numerous phases of tectonic deformation that have affected the facies variations and reservoir development. Evidence indicates that the early phase of Qatar Arch development and the southeast Mender palaeohigh were tectonically active during the Triassic time.
The Lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic formations have discontinuous and moderate source rock development. Sapropelic kerogen constitutes the dominant type of organic matter, however, also humic type is present but in minor quantities (Lutfi, 1987; Hassan, 1989). The top Triassic maturation modeling showed various degrees of thermal maturation ranging from mature to intensively mature stages. Interpretation of the maturation regime indicated that most of onshore Abu Dhabi is in the dry gas generation window. The southern offshore area is within the wet gas generation, while the northern offshore is still in the oil generation window. The relatively lean source rock intervals found within the Lower Jurassic and Triassic Formations suggest that there is a significant charge contribution from the deeper Silurian Hot Shale source rocks.
Pronounced gas shows were experienced while drilling some of the offshore and onshore structures. The well data indicates that the Izhara, Hamlah, Minjur and Marrat Formations are developed in onshore Abu Dhabi. Sedimentary patterns, facies variations and log response of the Lower Izhara, Minjur and possibly Upper Gulailah Formations suggest the presence of shale gas developed in these formations.
Real Time Data Empowers ADCO Smart Fields
Authors: Bin Amro Ahmed A. , Suryanarayana Avula , Bangari Praveen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operation (ADCO) chose a green field to pioneer intelligent field technologies. This paper describes the development and implementation of Field Data Integration system (FDIS), Integrated Asset Operations Model (IAOM), Collaboration Work Environment (CWE) with focus on essential role of the real-time data to empower and enable different work processes and activities.
An integrated model of the reservoir performance, production and injection wells and surface facilities was built and connected with the real time data. The online system become the main tool to help optimize reservoirs, wells and plant performance with access to all users to a web based real time data that encouraged faster decision making and improvement of reservoir management and full system performance.
As a result, a significant implication took place in IT where field and Head quarter interact on daily basis in terms of people and technology which become critical to align the strategies. The plan of IT and asset both at HQ & field to achieve the optimum performance and technology objectives set focus on people competency, infrastructure and service quality.
Integrated Carbonate Formation Evaluation for Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs - A Case Study from Minagish Oolite Reservoir
Authors: Al-Saqran F. , Padhy G. S. , Abdul-Latif A. , Al-Anezi K. , Thakuria A. , Vasquez R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The Complex pore geometry of carbonate rocks pose challenges in the formation evaluation, production planning and reservoir simulation. Various diagenetic processes, including solution activities causes lateral and vertical heterogeneities in the formation. There exist two main pore networks in the carbonates which controls the petrophysical and productive characteristics, such as, the interparticle pore network (mainly matrix porosity) and secondary pore network (comprising of vuggy pores as well as fractures). The Minagish Oolite reservoir under this current study is no different and hence warrants a clear understanding of the heterogeneity in the reservoir in order to plan a better completion strategy.
In view of this, a study was carried out in one of the wells integrating conventional well log data, Images logs, NMR logs, Sonic logs, Pressure tests and Core to decide right interval to perforate out of the available zones of interests. Conventional logs are unable to address the geological complexity posed by the reservoir. The different textural elements coexisting in the reservoir (the different pore sizes and their distribution) is identified and captured from image logs and NMR. Integration of NMR and borehole image data allowed us to partition the porosity according to pore sizes and compute continuous permeability which was then calibrated to the mobility obtained from Wireline formation testers, core permeability. This permeability measurement was also supplemented with permeability computed from Stoneley wave energy. NMR results also indicated presence of minor bitumen/very heavy hydrocarbon in certain zones which is further validated with visual observation of cores under UV light. Later the permeability results were calibrated with Core permeability and helped to conclude on the presence of heavier hydrocarbons. The integrated analysis allowed us to identify the best flow units over the entire interval and there by optimizing the completion strategy.
Tectonic Discontinuities Analysis Using Seismic and Well Datasets in a Fractured Basement Reservoir
Authors: Ghiglione Giancarlo , Abbasi Iftikhar 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper presents the workflow and the results of integration of seismic, well and production data on Habban Field to optimize well locations.
Habban Field is located in the Jurassic Marib-Al Jawf-Shabwah basin of Yemen (Block S2). Development targets in Habban Field are fractured Precambrian Basement, Kohlan and Shuqra formations (Middle Jurassic).
Main challenges faced in the Field are Basement heterogeneity, fracture distribution and their connectivity, lateral variation of Kohlan Formation and the overlying salt diapirs/walls hampering the seismic imaging. The difference between a good and a dry well is whether it is encountering main fracture corridors or not. Fracture corridors (along the faults) have limited lateral extent and due to overlying salt diapirs well trajectory optimization is very challenging. Reflection pattern in the Basement is quite chaotic. Therefore, it was important to come up with a workflow to image faults within the Basement so that highly deviated to horizontal wells can be drilled to enhance production and optimize recovery.
In order to address these challenges, wide azimuth 3D seismic was acquired and processed in different azimuths. The study has been conducted using 3D seismic dataset and derived seismic attributes combined with information from thirty one wells including image and production log interpretation. The workflow highlighted the value of G&G integration to better outline uncertainty and to mitigate risks during well locations and trajectory planning. In this contest structural attributes (i.e. AntTracking) have been crucial in order to define and identify the faults zones for optimizing horizontal wells targeting multiple fracture zones.
On the other hand integration of G&G and production data highlights the limitation in defining a one-to-one correlation between seismic, well and production information mainly due to reservoir complexity and scale resolution.
Nanoemulsion-Enhanced Treatment of Oil-Contaminated Oil-Based Drill Solids
Authors: Saphanuchart Wasan , Loke Yoong Shang , See Chun Hwa 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The oil-based drill solids are regarded as controlled or hazardous waste since it is contaminated with oil and other organic/inorganic contaminants. As such, the drill solids can be disposed with 3 different ways: (1) decontamination treatment before discharged into the sea; (2) re-injecting the drill solids into the well or (3) hazardous waste controlled landfill. The disposal of the drill solids in the landfills is usually the last environmental option. The lowest environmental impact way for the solid disposal, especially for offshore operation, is still a decontamination treatment before discharged. However, the conventional decontamination technology still exhibits limited efficiency to extract oil from the drill solids; yielding the oil content in the treated solids of much greater than 1% oil content in the dried solids, which does not meet a strict environmental regulation in many highly ecological-sensitive countries (e.g. UK and North Sea countries, etc.).
This paper demonstrates a new promising technology to overcome this efficiency limitation, called nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion is a water-in-oil emulsion, having the Winsor type III or IV stages but with high surfactants-to-interface ratio. When analyze using dynamic light scattering, it shows the natural distribution of &lt;100nm particle size. Nanoemulsion is able to provide ultralow interfacial tension (IFT) of &lt;0.01mN/m. According to Laplace Pressure equation, when IFT is extremely low, less energy is required to remove the oil that trapped inside the pores. Recently Nanoemulsion has been demonstrated able to remove sticky oil-base mud inside the wellbore and able to suspend the mud after treatment. When using it to remove the oil from the drill solids, it is able to reduce the contact angle and capillary force on the solid particle surface, subsequently, allowed water to penetrate and wet the particle surface and accessible pores. This mechanism indeed converts the surfaces become water-wet (hydrophilic). Once the particles surfaces are water-wet, oil will instantly desorb from it and easily segregate through centrifuge force. Different proposed process will be shared and discussed in this work. It was found that the oil content in the drill solids after treatment with nanoemulsion cleaning process was able to reach &lt;1%.
Health, Safety and Environmental Considerations for a Photovoltaic-based Power Generation System for Oil Rigs in Remote Locations
Authors: Al Ali Asiyah , Siddique Abdul Hasib , Simmons Rodney J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The UAE is one of the leading countries in production of oil, and one one of its prime concerns is to equip the oil rig with modern technology. Power generation in the oil rigs of UAE has been quite expensive and is not environmentally-friendly. To date, most of the oil rigs use diesel generators as a way to power the rig, which is expensive and also produces a lot of green house gas (GHG). Considering the geographical position of the UAE, it has an unbound potential for renewable energies like solar. It is important for the photovoltaic (PV) industry to take proactive approach in reducing accidental and environmental damage and sustaining PV's inherent advantage over the existing other system. This paper focuses on health, safety and environmental issues during manufacturing installation, operation, and decommissioning or disposal of PV systems related to a hybrid PV and diesel plant which is designed to provide power for an oil rig in United Arab Emirates. In this paper, we also examine the potentiality of PV-based power stations for the oil rigs of UAE.
An Integrated Approach to Cement Evaluation
Authors: Enwemadu Andrew , Bontems Francois , Akinyamoju Benedict , Epete Sam , Ciaroni Marco , Okoroafor Rita Esuru , Singh Kamaljeet , Nnebocha Ezinne 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Drilling in progressively deeper water environments requires that even more attention be given to well integrity because of the serious implications to health, safety and environment. Conventional cement evaluation tools have been available for many years and have been useful in most scenarios, but in more complex and challenging deepwater operations, the need exists for advanced cement evaluation techniques to increase confidence in ascertaining wellbore integrity. There are limitations on cement evaluation for light cements and thick casings. Furthermore, there is usually limited information about the "Third Interface" (i.e. between the cement/formation or cement/next casing), which can provide valuable information about wellbore integrity.
An integrated approach to cement evaluation has been adopted. This approach is based on a cement evaluation service that incorporates 360° circumferential information about cement placement, annulus imaging, and petrophysical evaluation of the formation to ascertain zonal isolation and cement quality behind casing. The azimuthal information is used to understand whether the cement placement was affected by the well deviation and if there are changes in cement quality from one part of the borehole to another. Annulus imaging is used to evaluate the annulus material. Petrophysical data is used to determine if the formation rock and fluid properties contributed to the quality of the cement behind casing. The principles of ultrasonic measurements and unique flexural measurements, and how they aid in cement evaluation, are also considered.
Risk Management Register in Projects & Operations
Authors: Bensahraoui M. , Al Nahdi Jamaal Abdalla , King Dennis E. , Macwan Nancy 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Description
The company Risk Management Register for Projects & Operations is a risk register reference & is the basis for safe operations. It covers contractual & service activities & applies to all contractors providing similar services. It captures in a structured manner all the potential operational hazards connected to the interface between the company & the activities conducted by the contractors.

Application
The risks are identified & categorized according to severity of the potential hazard to People, Assets, Environment & Reputation (P. E. A. R). Explicit short & long-term actions & safeguards are recommended to eliminate or prevent the occurrence of the hazard and/or to reduce the level of the risk to be As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
Priority is given to high risk services provided to company where the interfaces could present critical hazards. Involving the companies in the compilation of the register enhanced their awareness of the HSE concerns & emphasized their commitment to abide by the mutually agreed controls & measures.
This will positively impact operational integrity, leading to more efficient projects & operations. The Risk Register is applicable to Onshore as well as offshore activities. It is also completely transferable among service companies /contractors providing the same type & nature of projects & services.
The register is a live document that is used on a daily basis & is the reference point in pre-job meetings for the projects & services covered.

Results & Conclusions
The Risk Register for both projects & operations is one of the tools utilized in company Risk Management program where risks are jointly identified & assessed utilizing both Company & contractors’ expertise. The risk analysis covers the key activities & therefore applies for other contractors providing similar services & projects. Copies of the risk register are distributed to all relevant parties & appropriate sites & personnel for immediate implementation. The register is an integral part of Company Master Risk management register. The register captures in a structural manner all the potential operational hazards connected to the interface between Company & the activities conducted by the project contractors. A Risk Management Tool will not do the job for you. A tool is only a mechanism to help you: It has no intelligence. It will not manage risk for you. It is vital that everyone understands risk management & why it is important.
Subsea Pipeline Repair by Composite System
Authors: POPINEAU Dominique , WIET Paul , Boulet d’AURIA Stanislas 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Subsea Pipelines Repair When they are located subsea, damaged pipelines are very challenging to repair. The extreme conditions, the risks related to pollution and the high daily rates of intervention vessels make the repair decision difficult. Recently, composite repair solutions, originally developed for onshore use, where adapted for subsea application and tested, so as to get alternative solutions to apply when classical repair methods are not suitable or too costly. Composite repair system for subsea use Composite repair solutions for restoring the structural integrity of damaged pipeline have been available for some time. A modified version was specifically designed for subsea pipeline repair, using a dedicated resin applicable under water. The repair system is designed to be installed by divers with a semi-automatic installation process: using pre-impregnated tape with a specific tool applying constant tension and winding path. This tool is now being adapted for ROV use, to allow performing deepwater repairs. Results, Observations, and Conclusions Several test campaigns, both in swimming pools and subsea were performed in Monaco, Abu Dhabi and in China for various oil operators, with a rigorous test protocol, supervised by a third party. A finite element model of the composite repair allows calculating the number of layers, pattern and extent over the defect, in relation to the stress level in the pipe. This FE model was also validated through numerous burst tests, confirming the reliability of the calculations. The subsequent pressure test results indicated that the pipeline integrity was fully restored for damages such as metal loss and through thickness defects. A solution for restoring the structural integrity of a damaged pipeline This composite repair system is designed to restore fully the structural integrity and pressure resistance of the pipeline for subsea application. It represents a cost efficient alternative to classical repair methods involving clamps, mechanical connectors or others.
A Breakthrough Oxy-Fuel Technology for Cost-Effective CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Kapteijn Pieter , Kutscha Eric , Perron Joshua 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Over the next 20 years an estimated 50% of mature water-flooded fields will have to transition to EOR. CO2 has been found to be an almost ideal EOR medium for a broad range of reservoir types and conditions, yielding increases in recovery of up to 15% of STOIIP.
Most of the experience with commercial CO2 EOR has been gained on US onshore fields, where sources of natural CO2 gas and an extensive CO2 transport infrastructure are available. Onshore CO2 flooding is economical at CO2 costs of around 35-40 $/t and an oil price over $ 75/bbl. Where natural CO2 sources are not readily available, CO2 may be sourced from petrochemical and pre- or post-combustion capture plants. These capture methods yield CO2 prices typically in the order of 80-120 $/t which would render CO2 flooding un-economical.
TriGen™ is an innovative pressurized oxy-fuel concept that has the potential to reduce CO2 cost by as much as 50% when compared to ‘state-of-the-art’ pre- or post-combustion capture technologies combined with power generation. The Clean Energy Systems (CES) oxy-fuel combustor uses rocket technology, efficiently burning low quality gas or liquid fuels at pressures in excess of 100 bar and temperatures of 2000 deg C. The combustion gasses are quenched and expanded using steam and gas turbines driving electric generators. Exhaust gases are condensed to yield "reservoir ready" CO2 and pure water.
This paper describes the TriGen concept and its application to EOR or Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) schemes. The collaborative program to develop and market TriGen technology through a partnership of Maersk Oil, CES and Siemens is also discussed.
It is concluded that the TriGen concept represents a breakthrough in EOR economics, particularly when applied in value chains that integrate the development of low quality gas reservoirs with EOR projects.
Increased Transformer Availability and Reliability
Authors: Lorin Pierre , Khanna Pravin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Transformers are important components of the High Voltage electrical grid and electrical power installation in industrial plants such as the petroleum industry.
In case of an unexpected failure the possibility to reduce the outage time is usually of prime importance. It allows the plant manager to minimize financial impact due to loss of production.
In this paper we will describe transformer condition assessment methodologies as well as on-site repair solutions as means to increase both the reliability and availability of transformers.
Over the last decade there has been an increasing interest in transformer life evaluation and monitoring. The main reason is that a large number of the transformers world population is approaching its expected end-of-life and the need increases for better methods to see whether the transformers are still fit for use or need to be retrofitted or replaced.
The diagnosis of the transformer condition is used to recommend maintenance actions and identify defects even before untanking the transformer. It allows therefore to reduce unexpected failures and anticipate to reduce repair time especially when transformers are repaired at site.
Repairing at site usually allows bringing transformers back in service within a shorter time by avoiding transportation from the site to the factory and return. Also it reduces costs and risks associated with heavy transport.
To date more than 400 transformers including utility, industrial, HVDC transformers and reactors have been successfully repaired on site. In many cases transformers were upgraded to provide an increased rating.
This paper shows how transformer condition assessment and on site repair can help the petroleum industry to:
Reduce unexpected failures and outages Optimize maintenance budget and better plan maintenance activities Reduce loss of production by bringing back failed transformer in service within a shorter time