bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand les plumes étaient plus puissantes que les barricades. Lettres politiques pendant la crise du 16 mai 1877
Authors: Barrows Susanna , Bouquet Stéphane 
Published: November 2014

Que signifiait prendre la plume, en 1877, pour écrire au président de la République ? Cet article explore, par la lorgnette d’une crise politique particulière, un territoire singulier : le commentaire politique issu non de plumes célèbres, mais de citoyens ordinaires. Son corpus est formé de trois cents lettres envoyées au président Mac Mahon, en la fatidique année 1877, par des correspondants pour la plupart anonymes. Ces missives jettent une lumière neuve sur le coup du 16 mai 1877 et sur la révolution « inexplorée » provoquée par cette crise. La répression mise en œuvre par Mac Mahon après son coup d’État déclencha la purge la plus sévère depuis 1800. Face à la censure, les dissidents inventèrent d’autres moyens pour exprimer leurs griefs. Comme le montre cet article, pour ces citoyens épistoliers, toutes classes confondues, la crise de 1877 constitua une révolution sans barricades, sans violence, mais pourtant profondément ancrée dans l’histoire révolutionnaire française.
38 témoins de Lucas Belvaux : la schize du témoin
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2014

L’article ne porte pas sur la lâcheté des témoins, ce que tout le monde a écrit, mais sur l’idéologie du post-humanisme, d’une « humanité augmentée ». Car les auteurs de cette fantasmagorie ne peuvent décrire qu’une humanité obéissante, mineure, réduite à n’exercer que son entendement selon le Kant de « Réponse à une question : qu’est-ce que les Lumières ? ». Je fais l’hypothèse que la situation traumatique vécue par la population de ce quartier havrais ne lui permet pas d’accéder à la majorité, c’est-à-dire à la capacité de discuter sur une place publique des finalités de la raison. La question pourrait être élargie : « pourquoi les bourreaux de crime de masse ne parlent-ils pas ? »
La peinture de Germain Roesz provient de la nuit
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2014

On s’intéressera à quelques cas d’individus devenus artistes après une « expérience » de proximité avec la mort. Roesz est l’un d’eux, avec les cas de Sam Francis, Beuys, etc. Quel est le sens du sentiment de « présence réelle » ressenti alors que la personne semble ne rien pouvoir percevoir ?
Apports historiques du rayonnement synchrotron
Authors: Bertrand Loïc 
Published: November 2014

À l’occasion des vingt-cinq ans de la première publication relatant une expérience synchrotron sur un objet ancien – conduite au Lure à Orsay – nous évoquons l’histoire de ces développements depuis les prémices jusqu’à l’essor actuel des modalités d’imagerie synchrotron. L’ouverture du laboratoire Ipanema au synchrotron Soleil facilitera l’utilisation et le développement de méthodes synchrotron dans la gamme des rayons X (imagerie de balayage de micro-échantillons et d’objets ; microtomographie de fossiles paléontologiques), de l’UV/visible et de l’infrarouge pour l’étude des matériaux anciens.
En 2012, les cartes de Généthon ont eu vingt ans
Authors: Faou Odile le 
Published: November 2014

La publication, entre 1992 et 1995, des cartes du génome humain du laboratoire Généthon marque une étape déterminante dans la révolution génétique engagée depuis la fin des années soixante-dix. La France rivalise alors avec les grandes nations du séquençage, les États-Unis en tête. Plus que les résultats des cartes dites de première génération, c’est le bond technologique effectué qui change la donne. Une aventure scientifique et humaine, rendue possible par la rencontre de personnalités et de chercheurs hors du commun et grâce à l’élan citoyen pour vaincre les maladies neuromusculaires.
TCR Signaling Events Are Required for Maintaining CD4 Regulatory T Cell Numbers and Suppressive Capacities in the Periphery
Authors: Delpoux Arnaud , Yakonowsky Philippe , Durand Aurélie , Charvet Céline , Valente Michael , Pommier Arnaud , Bonilla Nelly , Martin Bruno , Auffray Cédric , Lucas Bruno 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) can be subdivided into two subsets according to Ly-6C expression in the periphery. Phenotypic analysis, imaging, and adoptive-transfer experiments of peripheral Ly-6C− and Ly-6C+ Tregs reveal that the nonexpression of Ly-6C by ∼70% of peripheral Tregs depends on TCR signaling events. Interestingly, Ly-6C− Tregs express higher surface amounts of key immunosuppressive molecules than do Ly-6C+ Tregs and produce constitutively anti-inflammatory cytokines. In line with their phenotype, Ly-6C+ Tregs exhibit poor suppressive capacities in vitro and in vivo. Finally, although Ly-6C− Tregs maintain their numbers with age, Ly-6C+ Tregs gradually disappear. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that both the survival and suppressive functions of peripheral CD4 Tregs rely on their ability to receive strong TCR signals.
Notch3 Activation Is Sufficient but Not Required for Inducing Human T-Lineage Specification
Authors: Waegemans Els , Van de Walle Inge , De Medts Jelle , De Smedt Magda , Kerre Tessa , Vandekerckhove Bart , Leclercq Georges , Wang Tao , Plum Jean , Taghon Tom 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Although the role for the individual Notch receptors in early hematopoiesis have been thoroughly investigated in mouse, studies in human have been mostly limited to the use of pan-Notch inhibitors. However, such studies in human are important to predict potential side effects of specific Notch receptor blocking reagents because these are currently being considered as therapeutic tools to treat various Notch-dependent diseases. In this study, we studied the individual roles of Notch1 and Notch3 in early human hematopoietic lineage decisions, particularly during T-lineage specification. Although this process in mice is solely dependent on Notch1 activation, we recently reported Notch3 expression in human uncommitted thymocytes, raising the possibility that Notch3 mediates human T-lineage specification. Although expression of a constitutive activated form of Notch3 (ICN3) results in the induction of T-lineage specification in human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, similar to ICN1 overexpression, loss-of-function studies using blocking Abs reveal that only Notch1, but not Notch3, is critical in this process. Blocking of Notch1 activation in OP9-DLL4 cocultures resulted in a complete block in T-lineage specification and induced monocytic and plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation instead. In fetal thymus organ cultures, impeded Notch1 activation resulted in B and dendritic cell development. In contrast, Notch3 blocking Abs only marginally affected T-lineage specification and hematopoietic differentiation with a slight increase in monocyte development. No induction of B or dendritic cell development was observed. Thus, our results unambiguously reveal a nonredundant role for Notch1 in human T-lineage specification, despite the expression of other Notch receptors.
NK Cells with KIR2DS2 Immunogenotype Have a Functional Activation Advantage To Efficiently Kill Glioblastoma and Prolong Animal Survival
Authors: Gras Navarro Andrea , Kmiecik Justyna , Leiss Lina , Zelkowski Mateusz , Engelsen Agnete , Bruserud Øystein , Zimmer Jacques , Enger Per Øyvind , Chekenya Martha 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are lethal brain cancers that are resistant to current therapies. We investigated the cytotoxicity of human allogeneic NK cells against patient-derived GBM in vitro and in vivo, as well as mechanisms mediating their efficacy. We demonstrate that KIR2DS2 immunogenotype NK cells were more potent killers, notwithstanding the absence of inhibitory killer Ig–like receptor (KIR)-HLA ligand mismatch. FACS-sorted and enriched KIR2DS2+ NK cell subpopulations retained significantly high levels of CD69 and CD16 when in contact with GBM cells at a 1:1 ratio and highly expressed CD107a and secreted more soluble CD137 and granzyme A. In contrast, KIR2DS2− immunogenotype donor NK cells were less cytotoxic against GBM and K562, and, similar to FACS-sorted or gated KIR2DS2− NK cells, significantly diminished CD16, CD107a, granzyme A, and CD69 when in contact with GBM cells. Furthermore, NK cell–mediated GBM killing in vitro depended upon the expression of ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D and was partially abrogated by Ab blockade. Treatment of GBM xenografts in NOD/SCID mice with NK cells from a KIR2DS2+ donor lacking inhibitory KIR-HLA ligand mismatch significantly prolonged the median survival to 163 d compared with vehicle controls (log-rank test, p = 0.0001), in contrast to 117.5 d (log-rank test, p = 0.0005) for NK cells with several inhibitory KIR-HLA ligand mismatches but lacking KIR2DS2 genotype. Significantly more CD56+CD16+ NK cells from a KIR2DS2+ donor survived in nontumor-bearing brains 3 wk after infusion compared with KIR2DS2− NK cells, independent of their proliferative capacity. In conclusion, KIR2DS2 identifies potent alloreactive NK cells against GBM that are mediated by commensurate, but dominant, activating signals.
The Thymic Microenvironment Differentially Regulates Development and Trafficking of Invariant NKT Cell Sublineages
Authors: Drennan Michael B. , Govindarajan Srinath , De Wilde Katelijne , Schlenner Susan M. , Ware Carl , Nedospasov Sergei , Rodewald Hans-Reimer , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The regulatory role of the thymic microenvironment during trafficking and differentiation of the invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that fractalkine receptor expression marks emigrating subpopulations of the NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17 sublineages in the thymus and peripheral organs of naive mice. Moreover, NKT1 sublineage cells can be subdivided into two subsets, namely NKT1a and NKT1b, which exhibit distinct developmental and tissue-specific distribution profiles. More specifically, development and trafficking of the NKT1a subset are selectively dependent upon lymphotoxin (LT)α1β2-LTβ receptor–dependent differentiation of thymic stroma, whereas the NKT1b, NKT2, and NKT17 sublineages are not. Furthermore, we identify a potential cellular source for LTα1β2 during thymic organogenesis, marked by expression of IL-7Rα, which promotes differentiation of the NKT1a subset in a noncell-autonomous manner. Collectively, we propose a mechanism by which thymic differentiation and retention of the NKT1 sublineage are developmentally coupled to LTα1β2-LTβ receptor–dependent thymic organogenesis.
An Investigation of Factors Affecting Usage and Adoption of Internet & Mobile Banking In Pakistan
Authors: Mazhar Fatima , Rizwan Muhammad , Fiaz Umar , Ishrat Sobia , Razzaq Muhammad Salman , Khan Taimur Nawaz 
Published: November 2014

Evolution of technology is a swift process, however, its acceptance and adoption in the society is slackened despite its promising results. Internet / mobile banking is a technological way of conducting banking transactions. The purpose of the current study is to find out the affect of various factors effecting successful adoption of internet / mobile banking using TAM, technological acceptance model in Pakistan, especially rural areas of the country. Results of the current study obtained using regression analysis reveals that the effect of perceived usefulness and security is significant on internet / mobile banking attitude where attitude significantly impact on intentions to use internet / mobile banking. Also due to the cultural effect this modern banking is not compatible with the lifestyle of rural population of Pakistan though the population widely acknowledged its usefulness.
Accelerated NMR Spectroscopy with Low‐Rank Reconstruction
Authors: Qu Xiaobo , Mayzel Maxim , Cai Jian‐Feng , Chen Zhong , Orekhov Vladislav 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAccelerated multi‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy is a prerequisite for high‐throughput applications, studying short‐lived molecular systems and monitoring chemical reactions in real time. Non‐uniform sampling is a common approach to reduce the measurement time. Here, a new method for high‐quality spectra reconstruction from non‐uniformly sampled data is introduced, which is based on recent developments in the field of signal processing theory and uses the so far unexploited general property of the NMR signal, its low rank. Using experimental and simulated data, we demonstrate that the low‐rank reconstruction is a viable alternative to the current state‐of‐the‐art technique compressed sensing. In particular, the low‐rank approach is good in preserving of low‐intensity broad peaks, and thus increases the effective sensitivity in the reconstructed spectra.
A facile way to prepare two novel DOPO‐containing liquid benzoxazines and their graphene oxide composites
Authors: Xu Guomei , Shi Tiejun , Wang Quan , Liu Jianhua , Yi Yang 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe design, preparation, and properties of two DOPO‐containing compounds based on a cardanol‐allylamine‐paraformaldehyde benzoxazine (abbreviated as BZc‐a) were described in this article. By controlling the amount of DOPO, it could react with BZc‐a and generated different products. When DOPO: BZc‐a <1 : 1, DOPO reacted only with allyl group, and generated a containing single DOPO group benzoxazine (P1B); When DOPO: BZc‐a ≧ 1 : 1, DOPO reacted not only with allyl group but also nucleophilic addition reaction, got a N‐substituted derivative P2B, which contain double DOPO groups. The chemical structure of P1B and P2B was characterized by 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR. Effect of DOPO on characteristics of BZc‐a was investigated. Fire test demonstrated that P1B and P2B showed better flame retardance than BZc‐a, and prepared two kinds of flame‐retardance resin based on BZc‐a. However, Field emission electron microscope observations showed the surface of P1B and P2B was very fragility, graphene oxide (GO) was chosen as to improve the surface performance. P1B/GO‐3 wt % and P2B/GO‐3 wt % composites were prepared by solution blending, and the thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41634.
Influence of the coagulation medium on the performance of poly(ether sulfone) flat‐sheet membranes
Authors: Spruck Martin , Stadlmayr Werner , Koch Marc , Mayr Lukas , Penner Simon , Rupprich Marco 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(ether sulfone) flat‐sheet membranes were fabricated via phase inversion with different nonsolvent mixtures. The effect of the nonsolvent water with the addition of various amounts of ethanol, acetone, or isopropyl alcohol on the membrane morphology (as measured with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy) and the filtration performance were investigated. For the statistical evaluation of the fabrication process, on average, six membranes were produced. The pure water flux (PWF) and macromolecule retention were determined via filtration experiments. The presence of coagulation additives resulted in modified precipitation kinetics and thermodynamics, yielded different membrane structures, and therefore, influenced the performance. The results show that the addition of ethanol, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol in low concentrations (up to 10%) to water led to an increasing PWF. Higher concentrations led to a decrease in PWF. For high concentrations (>30%), a change in the membrane morphology from fingerlike to spongelike structures was expected, and this was experimentally proven for the case of ethanol. One main finding was the similarity of the influence of the used additives on the membrane performance. This was to be expected from Flory–Huggins theory for additives with high water miscibility; hence, under these circumstances, entropic and not energetic reasoning dominated the phase‐inversion process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41645.
Synthesis of comb‐type copolymers with various pendants and their effect on the complex rheological behaviors of waxy oils
Authors: Wang Tongshuai , Xu Jun , Wang Minglei , Wei Xiaoming , Shen Muxian , Huang Jing , Zhang Rui , Li Li , Guo Xuhong 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTTo improve the flowability of waxy crude oil containing a high concentration of asphaltenes (AS), novel comb‐type copolymers of poly(maleic acid polyethylene glycol ester‐co‐α‐octadecene) (PMAC) and poly(maleic acid aniline amide‐co‐α‐octadecene) (AMAC) with various grafting ratios (Rg) of PEG/aniline to maleic anhydride are synthesized. Model oils containing wax mixtures and AS are prepared to explore the effect of asphaltene concentration and the copolymers on the yield stress. The influence of the copolymers on the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of Liaohe high waxy oil is examined by rheological and microscopic methods. Experimental flow curves of shear stress as a function of shear rate are fitted following the Casson model to interpret the rheological properties of gelled waxy crude oil in the presence of AMACs, PMACs, and MAC. Compared with MAC, PMACs, and AMACs are more efficient in reducing the yield stress of both model oil and crude oil, which indicates a better flowability. It is found that PMAC1.0 and AMAC1.0 with a medium Rg can balance the interaction of copolymers with waxes and AS and reduce the yield stress much more than others. Between them, AMAC1.0 that possesses aromatic pendants is better than PMAC1.0, which only has polar pendants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41660.
Synthesis of phosphorus‐containing flame‐retardant antistatic copolymers and their applications in polypropylene
Authors: Li Qi , Chen Yiquan , Song Xinpu , Xie Yingpeng , Hou Qiong , Shi Guang 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTBy adjusting the molar ratios of antistatic monomer of octyl phenol ethylene oxide acrylate (denoted as AS), rigid monomer of methyl methacrylate (denoted as MMA), and flame‐retardant monomer of 2‐(phosphoryloxymethyl oxyethylene) acrylate (denoted as FR), a series of flame‐retardant antistatic copolymers poly (octyl phenol ethylene oxide acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐phosphoryloxymethyl oxyethylene acrylate) (donated as AMF) were synthesized through radical polymerization. Among the obtained copolymers, two copolymers, AMF162 (the feed molar ratio of AS, MMA, and FR as 1 : 6 : 2) and AMF1104 (the feed molar ratio of AS, MMA, and FR as 1 : 10 : 4) with different concentrations were added into polypropylene (PP) to prepare PP‐AMF162 and PP‐AMF1104 series of composites. The thermal stability, limiting oxygen index, the antistatic property, and mechanical properties of PP composites were tested and analyzed. PP‐AMF162 series composites have excellent antistatic effect. When the AMF162 content was equal to or <15 wt %, the impact strength of PP‐AMF162 composites was higher than that of pure PP. The results indicated that copolymer AMF162 was a suitable flame‐retardant and antistatic additive for PP. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41677.
Decentralized Nonlinear Robust Coordinated Control of UPFC and Generators in Multi‐ Machine Power System Via Pseudo‐Generalized Hamiltonian Theory
Authors: Lei Bangjun , Fei Shumin , Zhai Junyong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, based on a structure preserving power system with a unified power flow controller (UPFC), using pseudo‐generalized Hamiltonian function method and boundary‐function method, a nonlinear robust coordinated control law is constructed for multi‐machine power system oscillation damping. The 4‐machine 2‐area power system is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller. Simulation results indicate that the proposed coordinated control scheme can effectively improve both transient stability and voltage regulation performance of the power system. ©2014 Chinese Automatic Control Society and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Oxidative phosphorylation revisited
Authors: Nath Sunil , Villadsen John 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe fundamentals of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation are revisited. New experimental data on the involvement of succinate and malate anions respectively in oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation are presented. These new data offer a novel molecular mechanistic explanation for the energy coupling and ATP synthesis carried out in mitochondria and chloroplast thylakoids. The mechanism does not suffer from the flaws in Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory that have been pointed out in many studies since its first appearance 50 years ago, when it was hailed as a ground‐breaking mechanistic explanation of what is perhaps the most important process in cellular energetics. The new findings fit very well with the predictions of Nath's torsional mechanism of energy transduction and ATP synthesis. It is argued that this mechanism, based on at least 15 years of experimental and theoretical work by Sunil Nath, constitutes a fundamentally different theory of the energy conversion process that eliminates all the inconsistencies in Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory pointed out by other authors. It is concluded that the energy‐transducing complexes in oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis are proton‐dicarboxylic acid anion cotransporters and not simply electrogenic proton translocators. These results necessitate revision of previous theories of biological energy transduction, coupling, and ATP synthesis. The novel molecular mechanism is extended to cover ATP synthesis in prokaryotes, in particular to alkaliphilic and haloalkaliphilic bacteria, essentially making it a complete theory addressing mechanistic, kinetic, and thermodynamic details. Finally, based on the new interpretation of oxidative phosphorylation, quantitative values for the P/O ratio, the amount of ATP generated per redox package of the reduced substrates, are calculated and compared with experimental values for fermentation on different substrates. It is our hope that the presentation of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation from a wholly new perspective will rekindle scientific discussion of a key process in bioenergetics and catalyze new avenues of research in a truly interdisciplinary field. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 429–437. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scalable Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Mesoporous Nanocrystalline ZnMn2O4 with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Changzhou , Zhang Longhai , Hou Linrui , Zhou Lu , Pang Gang , Lian Lin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this work, we put forward a facile yet efficient room‐temperature synthetic methodology for the smart fabrication of mesoporous nanocrystalline ZnMn2O4 in macro‐quality from the birnessite‐type MnO2 phase. A plausible reduction/ion exchange/re‐crystallization mechanism is tentatively proposed herein for the scalable synthesis of the spinel phase ZnMn2O4. When utilized as a high‐performance anode for advanced Li‐ion battery (LIB) application, the as‐synthesized nanocrystalline ZnMn2O4 delivered an excellent discharge capacity of approximately 1288 mAh g−1 on the first cycle at a current density of 400 mA g−1, and exhibited an outstanding cycling durability, rate capability, and coulombic efficiency, benefiting from its mesoporous and nanoscale structure, which strongly highlighted its great potential in next‐generation LIBs. Furthermore, the strategy developed here is very simple and of great importance for large‐scale industrial production.