bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tussentijdse evaluatie deelgeschilprocedure
Authors: Huijsmans E.C. , Vermeulen H.A.W. 
Published: June 2014

Tussentijdse evaluatie deelgeschilprocedure. Verslag van de op 1 november 2013 door het Kenniscentrum Milieu en Gezondheid in samenwerking met de Expertgroep Letselschade en Studiecentrum Rechtspleging (SSR) georganiseerde themadag
In deze bijdrage doen de auteurs verslag van de op 1 november 2013 door het Kenniscentrum Milieu en Gezondheid in samenwerking met de Expertgroep Letselschade en Studiecentrum Rechtspleging (SSR) georganiseerde themadag. Tijdens deze themadag is door deelgeschilrechters en juridische ondersteuning zowel in werkgroepen als plenair gesproken over hun ervaringen met de deelgeschilprocedure. Uit de discussies komt pregnant naar voren dat deelgeschilrechters duidelijk invulling geven aan de regiefunctie, maar wat ter zitting in dat verband is besproken, blijkt vaak niet uit de beschikkingen. Bij de evaluatie van de wet zal hier ook aandacht voor moeten zijn.
Onverdoofd slachten
Authors: Janssen Janine 
Published: June 2014

Animal welfare arguments against and religious arguments for slaughter without stunning
In 2008 the Party for the Animals in Dutch Parliament submitted a bill on the slaughter of animals without stunning. Initially this bill was formulated as a ban of slaughter without stunning. But then an amendment was included with the clause that this form of slaughter was allowed, provided it can be proven that animal welfare is not more affected than in regular slaughter. This would result in a de facto prohibition. Although the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer) voted in favor of this bill, it was rejected by the Senate (Eerste Kamer), much to the relief of the Jewish and Muslim communities in the Netherlands. Jews and Muslims must meet with several rules according to their faith while slaughtering animals. One of these rules is that animals are killed without prior stunning. This contribution focuses on arguments regarding animal welfare against and religious arguments for slaughter without stunning.
Regard(s) « sur » et « par » l’alimentation pour renverser et comprendre comment sont renversés les rapports de générations : l’exemple de la socialisation alimentaire inversée
Authors: Dupuy Anne 
Published: June 2014

L’alimentation est un des rares domaines dans lequel toutes les générations se rencontrent. Cet en-commun générationnel se traduit par une certaine porosité dans les relations de transmission alimentaire et correspond, de fait, à un formidable lieu d’observation et d’analyse des processus de socialisations. S’ils sont traditionnellement étudiés à partir d’un ordre générationnel vertical, des adultes vers les enfants, les perspectives proposées dans cet article, à partir d’une socioanthropologie de et par l’alimentation, s’intéressent non seulement à ce que font les enfants de ce qu’ils reçoivent, mais surtout à ce qu’ils font, parfois en retour, sur leur entourage nourricier. Socialisations alimentaires inversées, variations dans les tensions éducatives, effets des rapports de fidélité ou d’affection sur les filiations symboliques, sentiments de réussite ou d’échec parentaux, continuité des héritages, effets des refus alimentaires sur les modes de transmission parentaux sont autant de regards portés sur et par l’alimentation pour renverser les façons de percevoir les rapports de génération et comprendre par ailleurs comment les enfants contribuent à renverser les rapports de génération.
J’arrête ou tu continues? L’ambivalence intergénérationnelle lors du passage des 16-25 ans à la formation générale des adultes
Authors: Baril David , Bourdon Sylvain 
Published: June 2014

Cet article1 étudie les relations entre les jeunes adultes non diplômés de passage en formation générale des adultes (FGA) et leurs parents en mobilisant le concept d’ambivalence intergénérationnelle. L’analyse s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-dirigés menés auprès de 30 jeunes adultes, âgés de 16 à 25 ans au moment de leur fréquentation à la FGA. Les analyses montrent que les parents demeurent bien souvent impliqués affectivement dans la scolarisation de leur enfant. Sauf exception, ils ne sont jamais loin derrière, que ce soit pour les soutenir et les encourager scolairement ou pour leur rappeler, voire leur imposer, directement ou non, leurs attentes scolaires. Aussi, les relations avec les parents des jeunes adultes étant passés directement du secteur des jeunes à la FGA présentent peu d’ambivalence comparativement à celles des jeunes adultes ayant interrompu leurs études secondaires avant de passer à la FGA. Dans l’ensemble, on observe la mise en oeuvre des quatre grandes stratégies de gestion de l’ambivalence de Lüscher, mais la nature de celles-ci semble en grande partie dépendre du fait que le passage à la FGA se fait en continuité à la suite des études au secteur des jeunes ou après une interruption significative de la scolarité.
Le meilleur intérêt de l’enfant dont la garde est contestée : enjeux, contexte et pratiques
Authors: Godbout Élisabeth , Parent Claudine , Saint-Jacques Marie-Christine 
Published: June 2014

Cette recension des écrits théoriques, scientifiques et professionnels s’intéresse à trois questions en lien avec la détermination du meilleur intérêt de l’enfant dont la garde est contestée à la suite d’une séparation : 1) Quels sont les enjeux entourant le principe de meilleur intérêt de l’enfant? 2) Quelles sont les caractéristiques des situations qui se retrouvent à être expertisées ou débattues en cour? 3) Comment ce principe est-il évalué concrètement; quel poids est accordé à différents critères examinés par les juges et les experts? Pour les professionnels qui doivent se prononcer sur le meilleur intérêt de l’enfant, la réponse à ces questions met en lumière différents défis inhérents au fait d’être guidés par un critère souple, mais offrant peu de balises claires dans un contexte souvent hautement conflictuel et complexe. L’examen des écrits sur les pratiques des experts et des juges met au jour une tension entre deux courants : l’importance du parent de référence, particulièrement pour les très jeunes enfants et une tendance vers la coparentalité et un partage équilibré de la garde entre les parents. À partir de ces constats, des pistes pour les recherches futures sont proposées.
Three‐dimensional necking during viscous slab detachment
Authors: von Tscharner M. , Schmalholz S. M. , Duretz T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe study the three‐dimensional (3‐D) deformation during detachment of a lithospheric slab with simple numerical models using the finite element method. An initially vertical layer of power law viscous fluid mimics the slab and is surrounded by a linear or power law viscous fluid representing asthenospheric mantle. We quantify the impact of slab size and shape (symmetric/asymmetric) on slab detachment and identify two processes that control the lateral (i.e., along‐trench) slab deformation: (1) the horizontal deflection of the lateral, vertical slab sides (> 100 km with velocities up to 16 mm/yr) and (2) the propagation of localized thinning (necking) inside the slab (with velocities >9 cm/yr). The lateral propagation velocity is approximately constant during slab detachment. Larger slabs (here wider than approximately 300 km) detach with rates similar to those predicted by 2‐D models, whereas smaller slabs detach slower. Implications for geodynamic processes and interpretations of seismic tomography are discussed.
Sediment size fractionation and focusing in the equatorial Pacific: Effect on 230Th normalization and paleoflux measurements
Authors: Lyle Mitchell , Marcantonio Franco , Moore Willard S. , Murray Richard W. , Huh Chih‐An , Finney Bruce P. , Murray David W. , Mix Alan C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe use flux, dissolution, and excess 230Th data from the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and Manganese Nodule Project equatorial Pacific study Site C to assess the extent of sediment focusing in the equatorial Pacific. Measured mass accumulation rates (MAR) from sediment cores were compared to reconstructed MAR by multiplying the particulate rain caught in sediment traps by the 230Th focusing factor and subtracting measured dissolution. CaCO3 MAR is severely overestimated when the 230Th focusing factor correction is large but is estimated correctly when the focusing factor is small. In contrast, Al fluxes in the sediment fine fraction are well matched when the focusing correction is used. Since CaCO3 is primarily a coarse sediment component, we propose that there is significant sorting of fine and coarse sediments during lateral sediment transport by weak currents. Because CaCO3 does not move with 230Th, normalization typically overcorrects the CaCO3 MAR; and because CaCO3 is 80% of the total sediment, 230Th normalization overestimates lateral sediment flux. Fluxes of 230Th in particulate rain caught in sediment traps agree with the water column production‐sorption model, except within 500 m of the bottom. Near the bottom, 230Th flux measurements are as much as 3 times higher than model predictions. There is also evidence for lateral near‐bottom 230Th transport in the bottom nepheloid layer since 230Th fluxes caught by near‐bottom sediment traps are higher than predicted by resuspension of surface sediments alone. Resuspension and nepheloid layer transport under weak currents need to be better understood in order to use 230Th within a quantitative model of lateral sediment transport.
Beat It! Music Overloads Novice Dancers
Authors: Betteridge Gabrielle L. , Stevens Catherine J. , Bailes Freya A. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryTogether with melody, harmony, and timbre, rhythm and beat provide temporal structure for movement timing. Such musical features may act as cues to the phrasing and dynamics of a dance choreographed to the music. Novice dancers (N = 54) learned to criterion a novel 32‐s dance‐pop routine, either to full music or to the rhythm of that music. At test, participants recalled the dance to the same music, rhythm, new music, and in silence. If musical features aid memory, then full music during learning and test should result in superior dance recall, whereas if rhythm alone aids memory, then rhythm during learning and test should result in superior recall. The presence of a rhythm accompaniment during learning provided a significantly greater memory advantage for the recall of dance‐pop steps than full music. After learning to full music, silence at test enhanced recall. Findings are discussed in terms of entrainment and cognitive load. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring secular changes in the association between BMI and waist circumference in Mexican‐Origin and white women: A comparison of Mexico and the United States
Authors: Albrecht Sandra S. , Barquera Simon , Popkin Barry M. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesBMI and waist circumference (WC) tend to be highly correlated, but changes in lifestyle behaviors may promote greater accumulation of abdominal fat for the same BMI in recent years. We examined secular shifts in BMI and WC distributions, and investigated whether WC for a given BMI has changed over time among Mexican‐origin women in Mexico and the US, and in US white women as a comparison.MethodsNationally representative surveys for women aged 20–49 years from Mexico (1988, 1999, and 2012) (n = 37,116) and the US (1988–1994, 1999–2002, and 2007–2010) (n = 6,985) were used. Quantile regressions estimated age‐adjusted changes in BMI and WC across years; linear regression tested changes in mean WC over time, adjusting for age and BMI.ResultsIn all women, BMI and WC at most centiles increased over time. WC was also significantly higher over time for the same BMI, though the increase was largest in Mexican women. For example, WC was 6.7 cm (standard error (SE): 0.17, P < 0.0001) higher in 2012 than in 1999 among Mexican women, holding age and BMI constant. Estimates were smaller in magnitude for Mexican‐American and white women (∼3 cm, P < 0.01), even when comparing over a longer timeframe (1988–1994 to 2007–2010). In all groups, WC adjusted for BMI increased to a larger extent among younger cohorts.ConclusionWC for the same BMI has increased in Mexican‐American, white, and Mexican women of reproductive age. These patterns may have implications for future cardio‐metabolic burden in Mexico and the US. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:627–634, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prolonged Hot Electron Dynamics in Plasmonic‐Metal/Semiconductor Heterostructures with Implications for Solar Photocatalysis
Authors: DuChene Joseph S. , Sweeny Brendan C. , Johnston‐Peck Aaron C. , Su Dong , Stach Eric A. , Wei Wei David 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIdeal solar‐to‐fuel photocatalysts must effectively harvest sunlight to generate significant quantities of long‐lived charge carriers necessary for chemical reactions. Here we demonstrate the merits of augmenting traditional photoelectrochemical cells with plasmonic nanoparticles to satisfy these daunting photocatalytic requirements. Electrochemical techniques were employed to elucidate the mechanics of plasmon‐mediated electron transfer within Au/TiO2 heterostructures under visible‐light (λ>515 nm) irradiation in solution. Significantly, we discovered that these transferred electrons displayed excited‐state lifetimes two orders of magnitude longer than those of electrons photogenerated directly within TiO2 via UV excitation. These long‐lived electrons further enable visible‐light‐driven H2 evolution from water, heralding a new photocatalytic paradigm for solar energy conversion.
The influence of in situ polymerized epoxidized A/F bisphenol‐chitosan on features of oilwell cement slurry—Molecular‐level analysis and long‐term interaction of API fracturing fluid
Authors: Vieira Eunice F. S. , Lima Pablo F. , dos Santos Ivory M. G. , Mangrich Antonio S. , de França Amanda A. , Le Saoût Gwenn , Cestari Antonio R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA novel oilwell cement slurry was prepared with in situ polymerized epoxidized A/F bisphenol–chitosan and characterized by 29Si NMR and EPR spectroscopy. The hydrated and cured cement slurry evidenced the presence of unreacted clinker phases identified by the presence of orthosilicate groups along with the presence of hydration products identified by short linear polymeric silicate units typical of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). Two main Fe3+ domains and Mn2+‐related hyperfine sextets were detected by EPR spectroscopy. After long‐term contact with an API acidizing fluid, the features of the 29Si NMR and EPR spectra did not change appreciably. The kinetics of overall solids dissolution upon contact with the hot acidizing fluid was modeled with the Avrami‐Erofe'ev equation. The kinetic parameters are not very sensitive to changes of temperature. The values of the Avrami exponent suggest that diffusion‐controlled processes without chemical reactions govern the overall rate of interaction processes or are partially involved in it. The results indicate that the A/F bisphenol–chitosan polymeric network can improve significantly the chemical stability of cement slurries in the presence of acidizing fluids and may be a good option for oil and gas industry. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41044.
Calcined Zn/Al hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts for glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Chen Feifei , Yang Feng , Wang Guanghui , Li Wei 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn this research, glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with ethylene glycol (EG) was carried out using Zn/Al mixed oxide catalyst. These mixed oxides were prepared by calcining crystalline Zn/Al hydrotalcites at different calcination temperatures. The samples and corresponding precursors were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, BET, Fourier‐transform infrared spectra, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, and Hammett titration method. The experimental results showed that Zn/Al mixed oxides obtained from hydrotalcites were found to be more active than their individual oxides for glycolysis of PET. The relationship between catalytic performance and chemical–physical features of catalysts was established. In addition, a study for optimizing the glycolysis reaction conditions, such as the weight ratio of EG to PET, catalyst amount and reaction time, was performed. The conversion of PET and yield of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET) reached about 92% and 79%, respectively, under the optimal experimental conditions. Moreover, it should be noted that Zn/Al mixed oxide not only provided an effective heterogeneous catalyst for glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate), but also presented a novel method for decolorization of discarded colored polyester fabric. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41053.
Reconstructing an Identity: A Psychoanalytical Reading ofThe Night of the Iguanaby Tennessee Williams
Authors: Rezaei Hezaveh Leila , Low Bt Abdullah Nurul Farhana , Yaapar Md Salleh 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper attempts to detect Tennessee Williams's psychological development in his last successful playThe Night of the Iguana(1961) in comparison with his previous plays which pronounced his fragmented identity. A comparison between Tennessee Williams'sSuddenly Last Summer(1958) andThe Night of the Iguanadetects a sudden shift of the dramatist's mind in the application of symbols and images employed. A psychoanalytical assessment and comparison of symbols, images and literary devices applied in both plays will depict the dramatist's constitution of his tenuous “I” and reconstruction of his distorted identity. Unlike the horrifying images of God, cannibalism and melancholia resulting from abjection that imposed a certain Gothic atmosphere inSuddenly Last Summer, the images and settings inThe Night of the Iguanaresonate with comfort and leisure which resemble the pre‐symbolic. The study therefore suggests that Williams's abundant use of natural symbols and images, particularly the God image inThe Night of the Iguanapresents the setting as the “chora” which Kristeva defines as the place where the infant's identity is merged with his/her mother before gaining an identity after the mirror stage and the learning of language which marks subsequent entry into the symbolic order. This analysis therefore helps to bring some clarity to the play, particularly in the light of prior criticism levelled against Williams for his excessive use of symbols and natural images. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial patterns of lacustrine fish assemblages in a catchment of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley
Authors: Andrews Caroline S. , Miranda L. E. , Goetz Daniel B. , Kröger Robert 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn the alluvial valley of the lower Mississippi River, floodplain lakes form isolated aquatic fragments that retain differing degrees of connectivity to neighbouring rivers. Within these floodplain lakes it was hypothesized that fish species composition, relative abundance, and biodiversity metrics would be shaped largely by aquatic connectivity within a catchment.Fish assemblages in 13 floodplain lakes (five on‐channel; eight off‐channel) were assessed with electrofishing in 2006–2012 in the Bear Creek catchment, Mississippi, USA. Bear Creek spans approximately 80 km before draining into the Yazoo River, a tributary of the Mississippi River.Fish assemblages in on‐channel and off‐channel lakes were different, and fish assemblages in on‐channel lakes were as a group more homogeneous than off‐channel lakes. Moreover, a longitudinal gradient in fish assemblages occurred in on‐channel lakes. The observed patterns in fish assemblages are linked largely to differing intensities in connectivity among lakes within the catchment. Lakes with irregular connections have greater individuality, whereas lakes with continuous or chronic connection are more similar. The wide variation in connectivity could be a key to the distinctive biodiversity of catchments and the focus of fish conservation programmes.Off‐channel floodplain lakes are among the first landscape elements to vanish as a consequence of agricultural development. These habitats tend to accumulate sediments at fast rates and are converted to agricultural land as soon as suitable drainage can be attained. Considering that off‐channel lakes with limited connectivity contribute greatly to the heterogeneity of fish assemblages, such losses pose great concerns to conservation of biodiversity. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
How wasting is saving: Weight loss at altitude might result from an evolutionary adaptation
Authors: Murray Andrew J. , Montgomery Hugh E. 
Published: June 2014

At extreme altitude (>5,000 – 5,500 m), sustained hypoxia threatens human function and survival, and is associated with marked involuntary weight loss (cachexia). This seems to be a coordinated response: appetite and protein synthesis are suppressed, and muscle catabolism promoted. We hypothesise that, rather than simply being pathophysiological dysregulation, this cachexia is protective. Ketone bodies, synthesised during relative starvation, protect tissues such as the brain from reduced oxygen availability by mechanisms including the reduced generation of reactive oxygen species, improved mitochondrial efficiency and activation of the ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channel. Amino acids released from skeletal muscle also protect cells from hypoxia, and may interact synergistically with ketones to offer added protection. We thus propose that weight loss in hypoxia is an adaptive response: the amino acids and ketone bodies made available act not only as metabolic substrates, but as metabolic modulators, protecting cells from the hypoxic challenge.Also watch the Video Abstract.
Engineered thermostable fungal cellulases exhibit efficient synergistic cellulose hydrolysis at elevated temperatures
Authors: Trudeau Devin L. , Lee Toni M. , Arnold Frances H. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA major obstacle to using widely available and low‐cost lignocellulosic feedstocks to produce renewable fuels and chemicals is the high cost and low efficiency of the enzyme mixtures used to hydrolyze cellulose to fermentable sugars. One possible solution entails engineering current cellulases to function efficiently at elevated temperatures in order to boost reaction rates and exploit several other advantages of a higher temperature process. Here, we describe the creation of the most stable reported fungal endoglucanase, a derivative of Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) Cel5A, by combining stabilizing mutations identified using consensus design, chimera studies, and structure‐based computational methods. The engineered endoglucanase has an optimal temperature that is 17°C higher than wild type H. jecorina Cel5A, and hydrolyzes 1.5 times as much cellulose over 60 h at its optimum temperature compared to the wild type enzyme at its optimal temperature. This enzyme complements previously engineered highly active, thermostable variants of the fungal cellobiohydrolases Cel6A and Cel7A in a thermostable cellulase mixture that hydrolyzes cellulose synergistically at an optimum temperature of 70°C over 60 h.The thermostable mixture produces three times as much total sugar as the best mixture of the wild type enzymes operating at its optimum temperature of 60°C, clearly demonstrating the advantage of higher temperature cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2390–2397. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.