bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a predictive model for double-J stent encrustation after upper urinary tract calculi surgery
Authors: Jia Weihui , Chi Wenyu , Liu Chen , Song Yifen , Yang Shunshun , Yin Chonggao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study is aimed to establish a predictive model of double-J stent encrustation after upper urinary tract calculi surgery. We collected the clinical data of 561 patients with indwelling double-J tubes admitted to a hospital in Shandong Province from January 2019 to December 2020 as the modeling group and 241 cases of indwelling double-J tubes from January 2021 to January 2022 as the verification group. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors, the risk prediction equation was established, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis model was used for prediction. In this study, 104 of the 561 patients developed double-J stent encrustation, with an incidence rate of 18.5%. We finally screened out BMI (body mass index) > 23.9 (OR = 1.648), preoperative urine routine white blood cell quantification (OR = 1.149), double-J tube insertion time (OR = 1.566), postoperative water consumption did not reach 2000 ml/d (OR = 8.514), a total of four factors build a risk prediction model. From the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.844, and the maximum Oden index was 0.579. At this time, the sensitivity was 0.735 and the specificity was 0.844. The research established in this study has a high predictive value for the occurrence of double-J stent encrustation in the double-J tube after upper urinary tract stone surgery, which provides a basis for the prevention and treatment of double-J stent encrustation.
Two wrongs do not make a right: the assumption that an inhibitor acts as an inverse activator
Authors: Jayathilaka Chathranee , Araujo Robyn , Nguyen Lan , Flegg Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModels of biochemical networks are often large intractable sets of differential equations. To make sense of the complexity, relationships between genes/proteins are presented as connected graphs, the edges of which are drawn to indicate activation or inhibition relationships. These diagrams are useful for drawing qualitative conclusions in many cases by the identifying recurring of topological motifs, for example positive and negative feedback loops. These topological features are usually classified under the presumption that activation and inhibition are inverse relationships. For example, inhibition of an inhibitor is often classified the same as activation of an activator within a motif classification, effectively treating them as equivalent. Whilst in many contexts this may not lead to catastrophic errors, drawing conclusions about the behavior of motifs, pathways or networks from these broad classes of topological feature without adequate mathematical descriptions can lead to obverse outcomes. We investigate the extent to which a biochemical pathway/network will behave quantitatively dissimilar to pathway/ networks with similar typologies formed by swapping inhibitors as the inverse of activators. The purpose of the study is to determine under what circumstances rudimentary qualitative assessment of network structure can provide reliable conclusions as to the quantitative behaviour of the network. Whilst there are others, We focus on two main mathematical qualities which may cause a divergence in the behaviour of two pathways/networks which would otherwise be classified as similar; (i) a modelling feature we label ‘bias’ and (ii) the precise positioning of activators and inhibitors within simple pathways/motifs.
Investigating the seasonal SST Predictability in the Northern Tropical Atlantic Ocean in an ensemble prediction system
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Chunzai , Yang Jiao , Song Xunshu , Zheng Jiayu , Wen Yonghan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study comprehensively investigates the practical and intrinsic predictability of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Northern Tropical Atlantic (NTA) based on the 138-year-long coupled hindcasts with a recently developed seasonal ensemble prediction system. This system can yield skillful deterministic predictions for the prominent warm and cold events at least 6 months ahead. Notably, it excels in providing probabilistic predictions for below- and above-normal events rather than for neutral events. The predictability of SST in the NTA undergoes remarkable seasonal variation with two peaks of predictability targeted at April and October regardless of the lead time. Various sources of predictability for these target months are revealed. For the target month of April, the preceding remote forcing from the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific Ocean combined with local signal results in the phase locking of the SST variation and seasonality of signal component over the NTA. This ultimately contributes to the high predictability targeted at April. However, From the perspective of potential predictability of the predictability targeted at October, which has been rarely mentioned in previous studies. It is also encouraging that, similar to the Indian Ocean Dipole, ENSO and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system mainly contribute to predictability beyond persistence at long lead times for the spring SST in the NTA. This indicates that potential future ENSO improvements may leave much room for improvement in the current SST prediction in the NTA.
Intake of free sugar among children and adolescents in Germany declines – current results of the DONALD study
Authors: Perrar Ines , Alexy Ute , Nöthlings Ute 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Our recent analysis reported decreasing trends in intake of free sugar in children and adolescents in Germany. Here we set out to update this analysis with current dietary intake (until 2023) because of the strong public health nutrition interest in sugar intake.

Methods
In total, 4,218 dietary records kept between 2010 and 2023 by 751 participants (46.0% females, 3–18 years) from the German Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) cohort were examined. Age and time trends in free sugar intake (%E/d) were analysed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models.

Results
Median intake data indicate a decline in the intake of free sugar between 2010/2011 (16.7%E) and 2022/2023 (11.7%E). Trend analyses confirmed, that intake of free sugars decreased continuously between 2017 and 2023 (Linear trend: β = -0.4126, p < 0.0001). In addition, free sugar intake changed significantly with age (Linear trend: β = 1.2922, p < 0.0001; quadratic trend: β = -0.08613, p = 0.0094; cubic trend: β = 0.001442, p = 0.1725), i.e. the intake of free sugars increases continuously up to early adolescence (9/10 years) and decreases again thereafter.

Conclusion
The intake of free sugar among children and adolescents continued to decline, but still exceeded the WHO recommendations in 2023. Further measures to reduce free sugar intake would therefore be desirable, as well as continuous monitoring of sugar intake levels among this age groups.
Cementless short stem total hip arthroplasty in patients older than 75 years: is it feasible?
Authors: Luger Matthias , Holzbauer Matthias , Klotz Matthias C. , Fellner Franz , Gotterbarm Tobias 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the indication for cementless short stem total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been widened to elderly patients as they might profit by the advantages of the short-curved implant design as well. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of a cementless short stem in elderly patients (≥ 75 years) compared to a young control group (≤ 60 years).

Methods
A retrospective cohort of 316 THAs performed between 2014 and 2017 was prospectively examined. In all patients a cementless, curved short stem and press-fit cup (Fitmore® stem; Allofit®/-S cup; both ZimmerBiomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) were implanted via a minimally-invasive anterolateral approach. Clinical and radiological outcome as well as rate of complications and revision were assessed.

Results
In total, 292 patients have been included for analysis of complications and revisions (Øfollow-up: 4.5 years) and 208 patients for clinical and radiological outcome (Øfollow-up: 4.4 years). Complication rate was significantly increased in elderly patients (13.7% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.023), while the revision rate was increased without statistical significance (5.2% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.169). Periprosthetic fractures occurred significantly higher in the elderly patients (5.2% vs. 0.7%; p = 0.026). Both groups showed a comparable clinical outcome in the Harris Hip Score (93.7 vs. 91.9; p = 0.224), Oxford Hip Score (44.5 vs. 43.7; p = 0.350), Forgotten Joint Score (81.7 vs. 81.5; p = 0.952) and WOMAC (7.4 vs. 9.3; p = 0.334).

Conclusion
Cementless short stem total hip arthroplasty shows a comparable clinical and radiological outcome in patients over 75 years of age compared to younger patients under 60 years of age. However, cementless shorts stem THA shows an increased rate of overall complications and periprosthetic fractures in elderly patients over 75 years of age. Cemented fixation of the femoral component should be considered in patients over 75 years of age.

Level of evidence
III Case-controlled study.

Trial registration
Observational study without need for trial registration due to ICMJE criteria.
The role of different acetabular morphologies on patient-reported outcomes following periacetabular osteotomy in borderline hip dysplasia
Authors: Fischer Maximilian , Nonnenmacher Lars , Zimmerer Alexander , Reichert Johannes C. , Möller Alexander , Hofer Andre , Matziolis Georg , Wassilew Georgi I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The treatment option for borderline hip dysplasia (BHD) includes hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). To the present day the controversial discussion remains, which intervention to prefer. Literature reports supporting an educated choice are scare, based on small patient cohorts and do not address the variability of acetabular morphology. Consequently, we intended to report PAO outcomes, from patients diagnosed with BHD, dependent on acetabular morphology, in a large patient cohort and aimed to define risk factors for poor clinical results and patient satisfaction.

Materials and methods
A prospective monocentre study was conducted. Patients enrolled underwent PAO for symptomatic BHD (LCEA, 18°–25°). A total of 107 hips were included with 94 complete data sets were available for evaluation with a minimum follow-up of 1 year and a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. The mean age was 31 ± 8.2 years, and 81.3% were female. As the primary outcome measure, we utilized the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) with minimal clinically important change (MCID) of eight to define clinical failure. Results were compared after a comprehensive radiographic assessment distinguishing between lateral deficient vs. anterior/posterolateral deficient acetabular and stable vs. unstable hip joints.

Results
Overall, clinical success was achieved in 91.5% of patients and the mHHS improved significantly (52 vs. 84.7, p < 0.001). Eight hips failed to achieve the MCID and four had radiographic signs of overcorrection. Comparing variable joint morphologies, the rate of clinical success was higher in patients with an anterior/posterolateral deficient acetabular covarage compared to lateral deficient acetabular (95.2% vs. 90.4%). tThe highest rate of clinical failure was recorded in unstable hip joints (85.7% vs. 92.5% in stable hips).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that PAO is an effective means to treat symptomatic BHD with variable acetabular morphologies, achieving a clinical success in 91.5% of all patients. To maintain a high level of safety and patient satisfaction technical accuracy appears crucial.
Developing hazard scenarios from monitoring data, historical chronicles, and expert elicitation: a case study of Sangay volcano, Ecuador
Authors: Bernard Benjamin , Tadini Alessandro , Samaniego Pablo , Bevilacqua Andrea , Vasconez Francisco J. , Aravena Alvaro , Vitturi Mattia de’ Michieli , Hidalgo Silvana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSangay volcano is considered as one of the most active volcanoes worldwide. Nevertheless, due to its remote location and low-impact eruptions, its eruptive history and hazard scenarios are poorly constrained. In this work, we address this issue by combining an analysis of monitoring data and historical chronicles with expert elicitation. During the last 400 years, we recognize periods of quiescence, weak, and enhanced eruptive activity, lasting from several months to several years, punctuated by eruptive pulses, lasting from a few hours to a few days. Sangay volcano has been mainly active since the seventeenth century, with weak eruptive activity as the most common regime, although there have also been several periods of quiescence. During this period, eruptive pulses with VEI 1–3 occurred mainly during enhanced eruptive activity and produced far-reaching impacts due to ash fallout to the west and long-runout lahars to the south-east. Four eruptive pulse scenarios are considered in the expert elicitation: strong ash venting (SAV, VEI 1–2), violent Strombolian (VS, VEI 2–3), sub-Plinian (SPL, VEI 3–4), and Plinian (PL, VEI 4–5). SAV is identified as the most likely scenario, while PL has the smallest probability of occurrence. The elicitation results show high uncertainty about the probability of occurrence of VS and SPL. Large uncertainties are also observed for eruption duration and bulk fallout volume for all eruptive scenarios, while average column height is better characterized, particularly for SAV and VS. We interpret these results as a consequence of the lack of volcano-physical data, which could be reduced with further field studies. This study shows how historical reconstruction and expert elicitation can help to develop hazard scenarios with uncertainty assessment for poorly known volcanoes, representing a first step towards the elaboration of appropriate hazard maps and subsequent planning.
Equality Conditions for the Fractional Superadditive Volume Inequalities
Authors: Meyer Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile studying set function properties of Lebesgue measure, F. Barthe and M. Madiman proved that Lebesgue measure is fractionally superadditive on compact sets in $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

. In doing this they proved a fractional generalization of the Brunn–Minkowski–Lyusternik (BML) inequality in dimension $$n=1$$

n
=
1

. In this paper we will prove the equality conditions for the fractional superadditive volume inequalites for any dimension. The non-trivial equality conditions are as follows. In the one-dimensional case we will show that for a fractional partition $$(\mathcal {G},\beta )$$

(
G
,
β
)

and nonempty sets $$A_1,\dots ,A_m\subseteq \mathbb {R}$$

A
1

,
⋯
,

A
m

⊆
R

, equality holds iff for each $$S\in \mathcal {G}$$

S
∈
G

, the set $$\sum _{i\in S}A_i$$

∑

i
∈
S

A
i

is an interval. In the case of dimension $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

we will show that equality can hold if and only if the set $$\sum _{i=1}^{m}A_i$$

∑

i
=
1

m

A
i

has measure 0.
Weibel-Palade bodies: function and role in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and in diarrhea phase of STEC-hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Monnens Leo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells are equipped with numerous specialized granules called Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs). They contain a cocktail of proteins that can be rapidly secreted (3–5 min) into the vascular lumen after an appropriate stimulus such as thrombin. These proteins are ready without synthesis. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and P-selectin are the main constituents of WPBs. Upon stimulation, release of ultralarge VWF multimers occurs and assembles into VWF strings on the apical side of endothelium. The VWF A1 domain becomes exposed in a shear-dependent manner recruiting and activating platelets. VWF is able to recruit leukocytes via direct leukocyte binding or via the activated platelets promoting NETosis. Ultralarge VWF strings are ultimately cleaved into smaller pieces by the protease ADAMTS-13 preventing excessive platelet adhesion. Under carefully performed flowing conditions and adequate dose of Shiga toxins, the toxin induces the release of ultralarge VWF multimers from cultured endothelial cells. This basic information allows insight into the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and of STEC-HUS in the diarrhea phase. In TTP, ADAMTS-13 activity is deficient and systemic aggregation of platelets will occur after a second trigger. In STEC-HUS, stimulated release of WPB components in the diarrhea phase of the disease can be presumed to be the first hit in the damage of Gb3 positive endothelial cells.

Graphical abstract
A critical take on the role of random and local search-oriented components of modern computational intelligence-based optimization algorithms
Authors: Zolghadr-Asli Babak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe concept of computational intelligence (CI)-based optimization algorithms emerged in the early 1960s as a more practical approach to the contemporary derivate-based approaches. This paved the way for many modern algorithms to arise with an unprecedented growth rate in recent years, each claiming to have a novel and present a profound breakthrough in the field. That said, many have raised concerns about the performance of these algorithms and even identified fundamental flaws that could potentially undermine the integrity of their results. On that note, the premise of this study was to replicate some of the more prevalent, fundamental components of these algorithms in an abstract format as a measure to observe their behavior in an isolated environment. Six pseudo algorithms were designed to create a spectrum of intelligence behavior ranging from absolute randomness to local search-oriented computational architecture. These were then used to solve a set of centered and non-centered benchmark suites to see if statistically different patterns would emerge. The obtained result clearly highlighted that the algorithm’s performance would suffer significantly as these benchmarks got more intricate. This is not just in terms of the number of dimensions in the search space but also the mathematical structure of the benchmark. The implication is that, in some cases, sheer processing resources can mask the algorithm’s lack of sufficient intelligence. But as importantly, this study attempted to identify some mechanics and concepts that could potentially cause or amplify this problem. For instance, the excessive use of greedy strategy, a prevalent measure embedded in many modern CI-based algorithms, has been identified as potentially one of these reasons. The result, however, highlights a more fundamental problem in the CI-based optimization field. That is, these algorithms are often treated as a black box. This perception cultivated the culture of not exploring the underlying structure of these algorithms as long as they were deemed capable of generating acceptable results, which permits similar biases to go undetected.
Deep learning and embeddings-based approaches for keyphrase extraction: a literature review
Authors: Giarelis Nikolaos , Karacapilidis Nikos 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKeyphrase extraction is a subtask of natural language processing referring to the automatic extraction of salient terms that semantically capture the key themes and topics of a document. Earlier literature reviews focus on classical approaches that employ various statistical or graph-based techniques; these approaches miss important keywords/keyphrases, due to their inability to fully utilize context (that is present or not) in a document, thus achieving low F1 scores. Recent advances in deep learning and word/sentence embedding vectors lead to the development of new approaches, which address the lack of context and outperform the majority of classical ones. Taking the above into account, the contribution of this review is fourfold: (i) we analyze the state-of-the-art keyphrase extraction approaches and categorize them upon their employed techniques; (ii) we provide a comparative evaluation of these approaches, using well-known datasets of the literature and popular evaluation metrics, such as the F1 score; (iii) we provide a series of insights on various keyphrase extraction issues, including alternative approaches and future research directions; (iv) we make the datasets and code used in our experiments public, aiming to further increase the reproducibility of this work and facilitate future research in the field.
Classification of anticancer drugs: an update with FDA- and EMA-approved drugs
Authors: Ostios-Garcia Lorena , Pérez Daniel Martínez , Castelo Beatriz , Herradón Noelia Hernández , Zamora Pilar , Feliu Jaime , Espinosa Enrique 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnticancer systemic therapy comprises a complex and growing group of drugs. Some of the new agents with novel mechanisms of action that have appeared are difficult to fit in the groups of classical chemotherapy, hormones, tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies. We propose a classification based on two levels of information: the site of action and the mechanism of action. Regarding the former, drugs can exert their action in the tumor cell, the tumor vasculature, the immune system, or the endocrine system. The mechanism of action refers to the molecular target.
Delivery of miR-15b-5p via magnetic nanoparticle-enhanced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigates diabetic osteoporosis by targeting GFAP
Authors: Xu Chen , Wang Zhaodong , Liu Yajun , Duan Keyou , Guan Jianzhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiabetic osteoporosis (DO) presents significant clinical challenges. This study aimed to investigate the potential of magnetic nanoparticle-enhanced extracellular vesicles (GMNPE-EVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to deliver miR-15b-5p, thereby targeting and downregulating glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in rat DO models. Data was sourced from DO-related RNA-seq datasets combined with GEO and GeneCards databases. Rat primary BMSCs, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), and osteoclasts were isolated and cultured. EVs were separated, and GMNPE targeting EVs were synthesized. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a high GFAP expression in DO-related RNA-seq and GSE26168 datasets for disease models. Experimental results confirmed elevated GFAP in rat DO bone tissues, promoting osteoclast differentiation. miR-15b-5p was identified as a GFAP inhibitor, but was significantly downregulated in DO and enriched in BMSC-derived EVs. In vitro experiments showed that GMNPE-EVs could transfer miR-15b-5p to osteoclasts, downregulating GFAP and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. In vivo tests confirmed the therapeutic potential of this approach in alleviating rat DO. Collectively, GMNPE-EVs can effectively deliver miR-15b-5p to osteoclasts, downregulating GFAP expression, and hence, offering a therapeutic strategy for rat DO.