bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the O2 Concentrations on Bacterial Communities and Quality of Modified Atmosphere Packaged Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)
Authors: Qian Yun‐Fang , Yang Sheng‐Ping , Xie Jing , Xiong Qing , Gao Zhi‐Li 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe importance of spoilage‐related bacteria in fresh Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under different modified atmospheres (MAs) at 4 °C and the effect of O2 were demonstrated in the current study. The changes of bacterial communities in MA‐packed shrimp during cold storage were studied by a combined method of plate counts with isolation and identification. Three gas mixtures were applied: 80% CO2/5% O2/15% N2, 80% CO2/10% O2/10% N2 and 80% CO2/20% O2, and unsealed packages of shrimp were used as the control. In addition, the TVB‐N, pH, whiteness index, and sensory scores were also determined to evaluate the quality changes of shrimp. MA packaging effectively inhibited the increase of total psychrotrophic bacteria counts and H2S‐producing bacteria counts by about 1.7 and 2.1 log cycles, respectively. The growth of Gram‐negative spoilage bacteria in shrimp, including Shewanella spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp., was inhibited by MA packaging, but the growth rate of Gram‐positive bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Brochothrix spp. were less affected by MA as effectively as Gram‐negative bacteria. In comparison with the MA‐packaged samples, the counts of H2S producers in shrimp under a CO2‐enriched atmosphere with 20% O2 were slightly lower than the count in samples under an atmosphere with 5% O2. However, MA with 20% O2 led to higher concentrations of TVB‐N, and lower whiteness values and sensory scores. The shelf life of shrimp under 80% CO2/10% O2/10% N2 has been prolonged by > 6 d in comparison with the control according to the sensory scores.
Total adiponectin, but not inflammatory markers C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interluekin‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, correlates with increasing glucose intolerance in pregnant Chinese–Americans (总脂联素，而不是炎症标志物包括C‐反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子‐α、白细胞介素‐6以及单核细胞趋化蛋白‐1与妊娠的华裔美国人的葡萄糖耐量受损加重有关)
Authors: Kim So‐Young , Sy Vanessa , Araki Takako , Babushkin Nicole , Huang Diana , Tan Doris , Liao Emilia , Liu George , Wan Stephen , Poretsky Leonid , Seto‐Young Donna 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundElevated insulin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 levels and decreased high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW‐APN) levels have been reported in Caucasians with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). No similar studies have been performed in Chinese women.MethodsSerum samples were obtained 1 h after a 50‐g glucose challenge test (1HGCT) from Chinese–American women at 24–28 gestational weeks and total adiponectin (T‐APN), HMW‐APN, CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and MCP‐1 concentrations were measured. Correlation coefficients for glucose (1HGCT), HbA1c, insulin, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated against T‐APN, HMW‐APN, CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and MCP‐1. Significant P‐values were determined using Bonferroni adjustments.ResultsWomen with GDM had higher insulin and 1HGCT and lower T‐APN. In addition, T‐APN was lower in non‐GDM subjects who had 1HGCT ≥135 mg/dL with no abnormal or one abnormal glucose value on the 3‐h oral glucose tolerance test. There were no significant differences in HMW‐APN and inflammatory marker levels between non‐GDM and GDM groups. There were negative correlations between T‐APN and 1HGCT, insulin, BMI, and HbA1c, as well as between HMW‐APN and 1HGCT, insulin, and BMI. No significant correlations were observed between 1HGCT, HbA1c, insulin, or BMI and CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐6, or MCP‐1.ConclusionsT‐APN is reduced in Chinese women with GDM and those without GDM but with evidence of glucose intolerance. Unlike results reported for Caucasians, Chinese–American women with GDM do not exhibit elevated levels of CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐6, or MCP‐1, possibly because Chinese women are relatively leaner compared with Caucasians.
Alcohol and tobacco use among maltreated and non‐maltreated adolescents in a birth cohort
Authors: Mills Ryan , Alati Rosa , Strathearn Lane , Najman Jake M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsThis study examines whether child maltreatment experience predicts adolescent tobacco and alcohol use.MethodsThe subjects were participants in the Mater‐University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a birth cohort of 7223, of whom 5158 (71.4%) were available for analysis at the 14‐year follow‐up. Child protection history was obtained from the state's child protection agency and confidentially linked. Exposure to reported child maltreatment was the primary predictor variable. The outcome variables were self‐reported smoking and alcohol use. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsReported child maltreatment was associated with early adolescent smoking [odds ratio (OR) 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32–2.34] after adjustment for socio‐demographic variables and coexisting alcohol use. Both neglect/emotional abuse (OR 2.03, 95% CI = 1.20–3.42) and neglect/emotional abuse that included physical abuse (OR 1.85, 95% CI = 1.19–2.88) were associated with smoking after full adjustment, including for coexisting alcohol use. After full adjustment, including coexisting smoking, only child neglect/emotional abuse predicted early adolescent alcohol use (OR 1.78, 95% CI = 1.06–2.97), but not the other types of maltreatment.ConclusionsReported child maltreatment predicts early adolescent smoking after adjusting for alcohol use, but does not predict alcohol use after adjustment for smoking. Both smoking and alcohol use are predicted by reported child neglect. Early adolescent smoking is also predicted by multi‐type maltreatment that includes physical abuse.
Chickenpox and stroke in children: case studies and literature review
Authors: Reis Ana F , Pais Patrícia , Monteiro José P 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPostvaricella cerebral arteriopathy (PVCA) presents with acute haemiparesis and/or haemidistonia, caused by ischaemic lesions of internal capsule and/or basal ganglia, related to stenosis of proximal middle and/or anterior cerebral arteries. Anti‐aggregant drugs are recommended to prevent thrombus expansion and recurrent stroke, but neurologic outcome is usually good regardless of the therapeutic approach.ConclusionChickenpox should be considered in differential diagnosis of ischaemic stroke in healthy children who fit the clinical and radiological typical profile of PVCA.
The representation of ethnic and linguistic groups in the federal civil service of Belgium and Canada
Authors: Turgeon Luc , Gagnon Alain‐G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article investigates how the struggles of national groups have affected the politics of bureaucratic representation of ethnic minorities in Belgium and Canada, and vice‐versa. It argues that the politics of multinational representation in Belgium limited the adoption of measures seeking to guarantee a greater representation of ethnic and racial minorities. In contrast, the politics of multiculturalism in Canada associated with the political mobilization of ethnic groups, contributed to the rejection of measures of guaranteed representation of Francophones in the federal bureaucracy. Measures adopted to increase the representation of Francophones, however, did not impede later attempts to augment representation of visible minorities in the civil service.
Deciding who will decide: Assessing random selection for participants inEdmonton'sCitizenPanel on budget priorities
Authors: Mao Yuping , Adria Marco 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSelecting participants is a key component in the design, operation, and outcomes of public‐deliberation events to reflect the diversity of opinion in the larger public. This article examines how theCity ofEdmonton selected the members of itsCitizenPanel on budget priorities in 2009 to informEdmonton's 2010–2011 budget. The organizers relied on random selection stratified by gender, age, length of residence in the city, educational attainment, and income. This article also reports on the findings from pre‐event and post‐event public‐opinion surveys sent to 5,000 citizens. It argues that the selection method for theCitizenPanel was justified because there were distinct views on key issues among different groups of citizens.
Allergen hybrids – next generation vaccines for Fagales pollen immunotherapy
Authors: Pichler U. , Hauser M. , Hofer H. , Himly M. , Hoflehner E. , Steiner M. , Mutschlechner S. , Hufnagl K. , Ebner C. , Mari A. , Briza P. , Bohle B. , Wiedermann U. , Ferreira F. , Wallner M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundTrees belonging to the order of Fagales show a distinct geographical distribution. While alder and birch are endemic in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, hazel, hornbeam and oak prefer a warmer climate. However, specific immunotherapy of Fagales pollen‐allergic patients is mainly performed using birch pollen extracts, thus limiting the success of this intervention in birch‐free areas.ObjectivesT cells are considered key players in the modification of an allergic immune response during specific immunotherapy (SIT), therefore we thought to combine linear T cell epitope‐containing stretches of the five most important Fagales allergens from birch, hazel, alder, oak and hornbeam resulting in a Fagales pollen hybrid (FPH) molecule applicable for SIT.MethodsA Fagales pollen hybrid was generated by PCR‐based recombination of low IgE‐binding allergen epitopes. Moreover, a structural‐variant FPH4 was calculated by in silico mutagenesis, rendering the protein unable to adopt the Bet v 1‐like fold. Both molecules were produced in Escherichia coli, characterized physico‐chemically as well as immunologically, and tested in mouse models of allergic sensitization as well as allergy prophylaxis.ResultsUsing spectroscopic analyses, both proteins were monomeric, and the secondary structure elements of FPH resemble the ones typical for Bet v 1‐like proteins, whereas FPH4 showed increased amounts of unordered structure. Both molecules displayed reduced binding capacities of Bet v 1‐specific IgE antibodies. However, in a mouse model, the proteins were able to induce high IgG titres cross‐reactive with all parental allergens. Moreover, prophylactic treatment with the hybrid proteins prevented pollen extract‐induced allergic lung inflammation in vivo.ConclusionThe hybrid molecules showed a more efficient uptake and processing by dendritic cells resulting in a modified T cell response. The proteins had a lower IgE‐binding capacity compared with the parental allergens, thus the high safety profile and increased efficacy emphasize clinical application for the treatment of Fagales multi‐sensitization.
The degree of whey hydrolysis does not uniformly affect in vitro basophil and T cell responses of cow's milk‐allergic patients
Authors: Meulenbroek L. A. P. M. , Oliveira S. , den Hartog Jager C. F. , Klemans R. J. B. , Lebens A. F. M. , van Baalen T. , Knulst A. C. , Bruijnzeel‐Koomen C. A. F. M. , Garssen J. , Knippels L. M. J. , van Hoffen E. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundSeveral studies investigated whether hydrolysed proteins can induce tolerance to cow's milk (CM) in children at risk of developing CM allergy. Due to methodological problems and inconsistent findings, the evidence for a tolerogenic effect is limited. A major problem is that different hydrolysates may give different outcomes due to variations in their production and composition.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the degree of hydrolysis on the allergenicity and immunogenicity of whey hydrolysates.MethodsThe hydrolysis of whey was stopped at different time‐points between 1 and 60 min. In 18 CM allergic patients, the allergenicity of the hydrolysates was determined by immunoblot and the basophil activation test. To test immunogenicity, CM‐specific T cell lines were generated.ResultsIn most patients, increasing time of hydrolysis decreased IgE recognition and basophil activation. However, in five patients, hydrolysed proteins induced more basophil activation than non‐hydrolysed proteins. The immunoblot data indicated that these patients recognized either a 25‐ to 30‐kDa degradation product of casein or a 10‐kDa degradation product of whey. Although T cell activation was decreased in all patients over time, half of them still showed a positive response to the proteins after 60 min of hydrolysis.ConclusionIncreasing the time of hydrolysis reduces both allergenicity and immunogenicity of whey hydrolysates in most but not all patients. This indicates that not the degree of hydrolysis is decisive but the presence and stability of IgE and T cell epitopes in the hydrolysate recognized by individual patients.
HIV-exposed uninfected children: a growing population with a vulnerable immune system?
Authors: Afran L , Garcia Knight M , Nduati E , Urban B C , Heyderman R S , Rowland-Jones S L 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThrough the successful implementation of policies to prevent mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV-1 infection, children born to HIV-1-infected mothers are now much less likely to acquire HIV-1 infection than previously. Nevertheless, HIV-1-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have substantially increased morbidity and mortality compared with children born to uninfected mothers (unexposed uninfected, UU), predominantly from infectious causes. Moreover, a range of phenotypical and functional immunological differences between HEU and UU children has been reported. As the number of HEU children continues to increase worldwide, two questions with clear public health importance need to be addressed: first, does exposure to HIV-1 and/or ART in utero or during infancy have direct immunological consequences, or are these poor outcomes simply attributable to the obvious disadvantages of being born into an HIV-affected household? Secondly, can we expect improved maternal care and ART regimens during and after pregnancy, together with optimized infant immunization schedules, to reduce the excess morbidity and mortality of HEU children?
Resonance frequency analysis as a predictor of early implant failure in the partially edentulous posterior maxilla following immediate nonfunctional loading or delayed loading with single unit restorations
Authors: Kim Steven J. , Ribeiro Alexandre L. V. L. , Atlas Alan M. , Saleh Najeed , Royal Jamie , Radvar Mehrdad , Korostoff Jonathan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the ability of baseline resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements to predict early implant failure in the posterior maxilla and to evaluate potential correlations between this measurement with Hounsfield units, bone quality variables, and implant dimension.Materials and methodsThis prospective randomized study involved 46 SLActive Straumann implants placed in the posterior maxillae of 21 subjects. Each patient received at least one control (delayed loading) and one experimental (immediate nonfunctional loading) implant. Each site was evaluated with presurgical computer‐assisted tomography (CT) scans, histomorphometric analysis of bone cores, and subjective determination of bone quality. Baseline implant stability quotients (ISQ) were determined by RFA measurements made at the time of fixture placement. Pearson's correlation analysis and Spearman's test were used to identify statistically significant correlations within the resultant data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine whether baseline ISQ values can accurately predict early implant failure.ResultsThe mean baseline ISQ values for the two groups were 66.8 (experimental) and 66.2 (control). The 12‐month survival rates were 86.4% (experimental) and 100% (control). There were no statistically significant correlations between baseline ISQ values and early implant failure, bone quality variables, or implant dimension. ROC analysis showed that baseline ISQ values cannot predict early implant failure.ConclusionBaseline RFA measurements were not able to predict early failure of immediately loaded implants placed in the posterior maxilla and therefore should not be used to determine whether an implant is a candidate for immediate nonfunctional loading in this region of the mouth.
Periorbital dermatitis in 4779 patients – patch test results during a 10‐year period
Authors: Landeck Lilla , John Swen M. , Geier Johannes 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe thinness of the periorbital skin may facilitate allergen penetration, making this area particularly susceptible to sensitization.Material and methodsFor the cross‐sectional study, data were collected by the 57 participating centres of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology. A total of 101 403 patients patch tested between January 2001 and December 2010 were included. Of these, 4779 patients suffered from periorbital dermatitis.ResultsTwo major subgroups with different general epidemiological data and sensitization to specific allergens have to be considered: (i) young females with increased rates of skin atopy and allergies, particularly from cosmetic and skin care products; and (ii) older subjects with allergy to topical medications. The prevalence of sensitization to ophthalmic allergens is generally less than that to environmental allergens.ConclusionsAllergic contact dermatitis is a leading cause of periorbital dermatitis. Patch testing should be considered in all patients with periorbital dermatitis when contact allergy is suspected, in order to identify and avoid offending allergens.
Study of the desorption of hydrolysed reactive dyes from cotton fabrics in an ethanol–water solvent system
Authors: Hang Caiyun , He Jinxin 
Published: December 2013

The factors influencing the desorption of hydrolysed dyes resulting from reactive cotton dyeings in an ethanol–water solvent system, including the volume ratio of ethanol to water, pH, and temperature, were investigated. The maximum desorption was achieved when the volume ratio of ethanol to water was optimised to 4:6. Desorption increased with an increase in pH and temperature. The kinetic curves of dye desorption at three different temperatures fit a two‐step kinetic model. The dye desorbability at 60 °C in an ethanol–water system was similar to that observed using conventional water washing in the presence of detergent at 95 °C. Findings suggest that wash‐off in an ethanol–water system can be considered as an alternative, more effective process for removing hydrolysed dyes from reactive cotton dyeings.
Daytime sleepiness in renal transplant recipients is associated with immunosuppressive non‐adherence: a cross‐sectional, multi‐center study
Authors: Burkhalter Hanna , Wirz‐Justice Anna , Cajochen Christian , Weaver Terri E. , Steiger Jürg , Fehr Thomas , Venzin Reto M. , De Geest Sabina 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of immunosuppressive non‐adherence (NA) in renal transplant patients and describe whether the degree of daytime sleepiness (DS) and depressive symptomatology are associated with immunosuppressive NA.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, 926 home‐dwelling renal transplant recipients who were transplanted at one of three Swiss transplant centers provided data by self‐report. The Basel Assessment of Adherence Scale for immunosuppressive was used to measure the following: taking, timing, and overall NA to immunosuppressive medication. DS was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (cut‐off ≥6 for DS) and the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study DS item (cut‐off ≥4 for DS), and depressive symptomatology was assessed with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (cut‐off>10). An ordinal logistical regression model was applied for statistical analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of the ESS‐DS was 51%. NA for taking, timing, and the median overall NA level assessed by 0–100% visual analog scale (VAS) was 16%, 42%, and 0%, respectively. Based on the multivariate analysis, DS was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with taking (1.08 [1.04–1.13]), timing (1.07 [1.03–1.10]), and overall NA (1.09 [1.05–1.13]). Very similar results were found for the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study DS item.ConclusionDS is associated with immunosuppressive medication NA in renal transplant recipients. Admittedly, the association's strength is limited.
Invaded grassland communities have altered stability‐maintenance mechanisms but equal stability compared to native communities
Authors: Wilsey Brian J. , Daneshgar Pedram P. , Hofmockel Kirsten , Polley H. Wayne 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTheory predicts that stability should increase with diversity via several mechanisms. We tested predictions in a 5‐year experiment that compared low‐diversity exotic to high‐diversity native plant mixtures under two irrigation treatments. The study included both wet and dry years. Variation in biomass across years (CV) was 50% lower in mixtures than monocultures of both native and exotic species. Growth among species was more asynchronous and overyielding values were greater during and after a drought in native than exotic mixtures. Mean‐variance slopes indicated strong portfolio effects in both community types, but the intercept was higher for exotics than for natives, suggesting that exotics were inherently more variable than native species. However, this failed to result in higher CV's in exotic communities because species that heavily dominated plots tended to have lower than expected variance. Results indicate that diversity‐stability mechanisms are altered in invaded systems compared to native ones they replaced.
Frontiers in epidermal barrier homeostasis – an approach to mathematical modelling of epidermal calcium dynamics
Authors: Denda Mitsuhiro , Denda Sumiko , Tsutsumi Moe , Goto Makiko , Kumamoto Junichi , Nakatani Masashi , Takei Kentaro , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Nakata Satoshi , Sawabu Yusuke , Kobayashi Yasuaki , Nagayama Masaharu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntact epidermal barrier function is crucial for survival and is associated with the presence of gradients of both calcium ion concentration and electric potential. Although many molecules, including ion channels and pumps, are known to contribute to maintenance of these gradients, the mechanisms involved in epidermal calcium ion dynamics have not been clarified. We have established that a variety of neurotransmitters and their receptors, originally found in the brain, are expressed in keratinocytes and are also associated with barrier homeostasis. Moreover, keratinocytes and neurons show some similarities of electrochemical behaviour. As mathematical modelling and computer simulation have been employed to understand electrochemical phenomena in brain science, we considered that a similar approach might be applicable to describe the dynamics of epidermal electrochemical phenomena associated with barrier homeostasis. Such methodology would also be potentially useful to address a number of difficult problems in clinical dermatology, such as ageing and itching. Although this work is at a very early stage, in this essay, we discuss the background to our approach and we present some preliminary results of simulation of barrier recovery.