bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal and sub‐lethal effects of faecal deltamethrin residues on dung‐feeding insects
Authors: MANN C. M. , BARNES S. , OFFER B. , WALL R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEndectocides administered to livestock to facilitate pest and parasite control may be excreted in the faeces at concentrations that are toxic to coprophagous insects, including species of ecological importance. Although much research has focused on the effects of macrocyclic lactones, relatively less attention has been given to any similar impacts of the widely used pyrethroid insecticides. Here, the effects of faecal residues of the pyrethroid deltamethrin after application to Holstein–Friesian cattle in a proprietary pour‐on formulation are examined. Freshly dropped dung was collected 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment and from an untreated control group. In laboratory bioasssays, female Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) blow flies matured significantly smaller egg batches and had a lower percentage of eggs hatch after feeding on dung collected for up to 5 days after treatment, compared with flies feeding on dung from untreated cattle. In the field, artificial dung pats were constructed from the collected dung and left on pastureland for 7 days before being retrieved and searched for insects. Significantly more adult Diptera emerged from the faeces of untreated cattle than from the dung of treated cattle collected on days 1 and 3 after treatment. Adult Coleoptera were found in lower numbers in the dung of treated animals compared with control dung, suggesting a repellent effect. The results indicate that deltamethrin residues in cattle faeces have a range of lethal and sub‐lethal effects on dung‐feeding insects for up to a week after treatment, but that the precise duration and nature of toxicity varies depending on the sensitivity of the insect in question.
“Vasovagal” Response during Ventricular Fibrillation: Incidence and Implications
Authors: WALL T. SCOTT , WASMUND STEPHEN L. , FREEDMAN ROGER A. , AKOUM NAZEM W. , PAGE RICHARD L. , HAMDAN MOHAMED H. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between changes in sinus node cycle length (SNCL) during ventricular fibrillation (VF) and the peripheral changes in blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in human subjects. We hypothesized that patients with no SNCL shortening during VF have a vasovagal‐like response with a greater decrease in BP and SNA when compared to patients with SNCL shortening.MethodsSNCL, BP, and SNA recordings were attempted in 24 patients undergoing the implantation of a dual‐chamber implantable defibrillator. Changes were measured during the first 5 seconds of VF and compared with the 5 seconds prior to VF induction.ResultsSNCL shortened during VF in nine patients (mean%∆SNCL = –12 ± 8%) and remained unchanged or lengthened in seven patients (mean%∆SNCL = 7 ± 7%). Eight patients had ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction prohibiting assessment of SNCL changes. In patients with SNCL shortening, the %∆MBP (mean BP) was –47 ± 6% compared to –58 ± 8% in patients with no SNCL shortening (P < 0.01). In patients with VA conduction, the %∆MBP was –54 ± 3%. SNA recordings were successfully obtained in four patients. When compared to baseline, SNA increased by 34 ± 30% in two patients with SNCL shortening, decreased by 25% in one patient with SNCL lengthening, and by 90% in the fourth patient with VA conduction.ConclusionsWe have shown that patients with no SNCL shortening have a significantly greater decrease in MBP during VF when compared to patients with SNCL shortening. The underlying mechanism appears to be reflex mediated with a vasovagal‐like response in patients with no SNCL shortening.
Marker‐assisted backcross breeding to combine multiple rust resistance in wheat
Authors: Mallick Niharika , Vinod  , Sharma J. B. , Tomar R.S. , Sivasamy M. , Prabhu K.V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA widely grown but rust susceptible Indian wheat variety HD2932 was improved for multiple rust resistance by marker‐assisted transfer of genes Lr19, Sr26 and Yr10. Foreground and background selection processes were practised to transfer targeted genes with the recovery of the genome of HD2932. The near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of HD2932 carrying Lr19, Sr26 and Yr10 were individually produced from two backcrosses with recurrent parent HD2932. Marker‐assisted background selection of NILs with 94.38–98.46% of the HD2932 genome facilitated rapid recovery of NILs carrying Lr19, Sr26 and Yr10. In the BC2F2 generation, NILs were intercrossed and two gene combinations of Lr19+Yr10, Sr26 + Yr10 and Lr19+Sr26 were produced. A total of 16 progeny of two gene combinations of homozygous NILs of HD2932 have been produced, which are under seed increase for facilitating the replacement of the susceptible HD2932 with three of the sixteen improved backcross lines with resistance to multiple rusts.
Genetic analysis of threshability in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Authors: Adeyanju Adedayo , Perumal Ramasamy , Tesso Tesfaye 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe ease with which seeds are detached from panicles is one of the early domestication traits. Genotypes with sticky panicles are hard to thresh, and whenever threshed, the grain tends to remain attached to the glume which reduces market value and processability. This study was conducted to determine the genetic mechanisms underlying the threshability trait in sorghum. Four seed parents and eleven pollinators differing for threshability were intercrossed in Design II mating scheme and the resulting hybrids and the parents were grown in four environments. Threshability was estimated as the ratio of seed yield to panicle weight (TW) and proportion of seeds without sticky glumes (TG). Variation was significant among the entries, inbreds and hybrids with GCA for TG and TW varying markedly. Mean TG for inbred and hybrids of low threshable genotypes was not markedly different indicating that threshability trait is under the control of additive genes with dominant or partially dominant effects. Segregation analysis indicates that the TG trait may be under the control of few major genes with approximately one to three loci affecting the trait.
Implementation of modern therapy approaches and research for non‐small cell lung cancer in Japan
Authors: Nakanishi Yoichi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe genetic backgrounds of the Japanese (or Asians) are, at least in part, different from those of Caucasians. It is necessary to recognize this difference to develop medicine that is both optimized and individualized. In particular, the consideration of ethnic differences is becoming increasingly important for lung cancer medicine. Japanese clinical practice guidelines indicate that some clinical biomarkers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations, echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4‐anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion gene and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase genotypes should be determined in appropriate lung cancer patients. At the present time, tests for these biomarkers are covered by the Japanese national health‐care programme, as is treatment with certain targeted drugs and cytotoxic agents. Therefore, most patients with lung cancer in Japan receive these tests as part of daily practice if their performance status and organ function are judged to be eligible. In addition, ethnic differences in bone marrow toxicity caused by cytotoxic drugs are reflected in treatment choice, and the requirements for the development of treatment modalities suitable for rare targeted populations are also increasing. To meet these requirements, many collaborative groups in Japan that have improved their infrastructure for investigator‐initiated trials and conducted important activities need to provide further optimal treatment modalities for Japanese and Asian patients with lung cancer. Here, the characteristics of lung cancer in Japanese patients, general aspects of medical treatment and the care system in Japan, and representative studies on lung cancer in Japan are reviewed.
The Portfolio Theory of Exchange Rates—Then and Now
Authors: Black Stanley W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the early 1970s, the portfolio theory of exchange rates with rational expectations was introduced to explain the behavior of floating exchange rates. While attractive in principle, the approach failed along with other theories to provide empirically convincing results. Over the years, the theory has been extended to a general equilibrium setting and modified to include central bank intervention and non‐rational expectations. More recently, it has become a platform for the micro‐structural approach emphasizing order flows, which shows increasing promise as an empirical explanation of exchange rate behavior.
Effects of temperature, storage time and pH on survival of Escherichia coli in source‐separated yellowwater
Authors: Paruch Adam M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLaboratory‐scale experiments on the survival of Escherichia coli in raw, undiluted, freshly collected, source‐separated yellowwater were performed. Concentrations of E. coli and its survival at different temperature regimes and storage times were measured in yellowwater originally cross‐contaminated with faeces and yellowwater purposely contaminated (deliberately spiked) with faecal material. The temperature regimes of cold (4°C), mild (10°C) and warm (22°C) were the limited factors, whereas the storage time of the contaminated yellowwater was unlimited and lasted until the E. coli concentrations reached the limit of detection of < 1 Most Probable Number (MPN)/100 mL. Temperature and pH played the main role in the inactivation and longevity of E. coli in source‐separated yellowwater. The mild storage conditions were the most favourable for the persistence of E. coli, which reached 40 days with a concentration of 2.0 E+03 MPN in 100 mL of undiluted yellowwater.
Elimination of Influences of the ACTN3 R577X Variant on Oxygen Uptake by Endurance Training in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Silva Michelle S.M. , Bolani Wladimir , Alves Cleber R. , Biagi Diogo G. , Lemos José R. , da Silva Jeferson L. , de Oliveira Patrícia A. , Alves Guilherme B. , de Oliveira Edilamar M. , Negrão Carlos E. , Krieger José E. , Dias Rodrigo G. , Pereira Alexandre C. 
Published: January 2015

Aim:To study the relationship between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and oxygen uptake (VO2) before and after exercise training.Methods:Police recruits (N = 206, 25 ± 4 y) with RR (n = 75), RX (n = 97), and XX (n = 33) genotypes were selected. After baseline measures, they underwent 18 wk of running endurance training. Peak VO2 was obtained by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.Results:Baseline body weight was not different among genotypes. At baseline, XX individuals displayed higher VO2 at anaerobic threshold, respiratory compensation point, and exercise peak than did RR individuals (P < .003). Endurance training significantly increased VO2 at anaerobic threshold, respiratory compensation point, and exercise peak (P < 2 × 10−6), but the differences between XX and RR were no longer observed. Only relative peak VO2 exercise remained higher in XX than in RR genotype (P = .04). In contrast, the increase in relative peak VO2 was greater in RR than in XX individuals (12% vs 6%; P = .02).Conclusion:ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated with VO2. XX individuals have greater aerobic capacity. Endurance training eliminates differences in peak VO2 between XX and RR individuals. These findings suggest a ceiling-effect phenomenon, and, perhaps, trained individuals may not constitute an adequate population to explain associations between phenotypic variability and gene variations.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multi-Component Interventions Through Schools to Increase Physical Activity
Authors: Russ Laura B. , Webster Collin A. , Beets Michael W. , Phillips David S. 
Published: January 2015

Background:A “whole-of-school” approach is nationally endorsed to increase youth physical activity (PA). Aligned with this approach, comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAP) are recommended. Distinct components of a CSPAP include physical education (PE), PA during the school day (PADS), PA before/after school (PABAS), staff wellness (SW), and family/community engagement (FCE). The effectiveness of interventions incorporating multiple CSPAP components is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted examining the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions on youth total daily PA.Methods:Electronic databases were searched for published studies that (1) occurred in the US; (2) targeted K–12 (5–18 years old); (3) were interventions; (4) reflected ≥ 2 CSPAP components, with at least 1 targeting school-based PA during school hours; and (5) reported outcomes as daily PA improvements. Standardized mean effects (Hedge’s g) from pooled random effects inverse-variance models were estimated.Results:Across 14 studies, 12 included PE, 5 PADS, 1 PABAS, 2 SW, and 14 FCE. No studies included all 5 CSPAP components. Overall, intervention impact was small (0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.19).Conclusions:As designed, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions to increase youth total daily PA. Increased alignment with CSPAP recommendations may improve intervention effectiveness.
Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Depressive Symptoms Among Latinos: Does Use of Community Resources for Physical Activity Matter?
Authors: Perez Lilian G. , Arredondo Elva M. , McKenzie Thomas L. , Holguin Margarita , Elder John P. , Ayala Guadalupe X. 
Published: January 2015

Background:Greater neighborhood social cohesion is linked to fewer depressive symptoms and greater physical activity, but the role of physical activity on the relationship between neighborhood social cohesion and depression is poorly understood. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of physical activity on the association between neighborhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms.Methods:Multivariate logistic regression tested the moderation of self-reported leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LTMVPA) and active use of parks or recreational facilities on the association between neighborhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms among 295 randomly selected Latino adults who completed a face-to-face interview.Results:After adjusting for age, gender, and income, neighborhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms were inversely related (OR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.5–1.2). Active use of parks or recreational facilities moderated the association between neighborhood social cohesion and depressive symptoms but meeting the recommendations for LTMVPA did not. Latinos who reported active use of parks or recreational facilities and higher levels of neighborhood social cohesion had fewer depressive symptoms than peers who did not use these spaces.Conclusions:Future studies are needed to test strategies for promoting active use of parks or recreational facilities to address depression in Latinos.
The Effect of the Social and Physical Environment on Children’s Independent Mobility to Neighborhood Destinations
Authors: Christian Hayley E. , Klinker Charlotte D. , Villanueva Karen , Knuiman Matthew W. , Foster Sarah A. , Zubrick Stephan R. , Divitini Mark , Wood Lisa , Giles-Corti Billie 
Published: January 2015

Background:Relationships between context-specific measures of the physical and social environment and children’s independent mobility to neighborhood destination types were examined.Methods:Parents in RESIDE’s fourth survey reported whether their child (8–15 years; n = 181) was allowed to travel without an adult to school, friend’s house, park and local shop. Objective physical environment measures were matched to each of these destinations. Social environment measures included neighborhood perceptions and items specific to local independent mobility.Results:Independent mobility to local destinations ranged from 30% to 48%. Independent mobility to a local park was less likely as the distance to the closest park (small and large size) increased and less likely with additional school grounds (P < .05). Independent mobility to school was less likely as the distance to the closest large park increased and if the neighborhood was perceived as unsafe (P < .05). Independent mobility to a park or shops decreased if parenting social norms were unsupportive of children’s local independent movement (P < .05).Conclusions:Independent mobility appears dependent upon the specific destination being visited and the impact of neighborhood features varies according to the destination examined. Findings highlight the importance of access to different types and sizes of urban green space for children’s independent mobility to parks.
Changes in Physical Activity Domains During the Transition Out of High School: Psychosocial and Environmental Correlates
Authors: Molina-García Javier , Queralt Ana , Castillo Isabel , Sallis James F. 
Published: January 2015

Background:This study examined changes in multiple physical activity domains during the transition out of high school and psychosocial and environmental determinants of these changes.Methods:A 1-year prospective study was designed. The baseline sample was composed of 244 last-year high school students (58.6% female) from Valencia, Spain. Follow-up rate was 46%. Physical activity and potential determinants were measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and other evaluated scales in 2 waves.Results:Total physical activity and active commuting (AC) decreased, respectively, by 21% and 36%, only in males. At time 1, access to car/motorbike (inverse), planning/psychosocial barriers (inverse), street connectivity (positive) and parental education (inverse) were significantly associated with AC (P < .05). Prospectively, the increase in distance to school/workplace was associated with AC decrease among males (P < .001). In both genders, there was a decrease in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA; –35% in males, –43% in females). At time 1, self-efficacy and social support were positive correlates of LTPA (P < .05). Social support decreases were associated with reductions in LTPA for males (P < .05).Conclusions:Several psychosocial and environmental correlates of physical activity change were identified, and these are promising targets for interventions.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Closely Linked Vibrio vulnificus Isolates from the Biotype 1 Environmental Genotype
Authors: Phillips Kelsey E. , Schipma Matthew J. , Satchell Karla J. F. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Biotype 1 of
Vibrio vulnificus
, which causes severe invasive intestinal and wound infections, is split into two genotypes with all previously sequenced clinical isolates from the C genotypes. We report here the whole-genome sequencing of two clinical isolates and two closely linked oyster isolates from the E genotype for comparative studies.
Draft Genome Sequence of Novosphingobium sp. Strain MBES04, Isolated from Sunken Wood from Suruga Bay, Japan
Authors: Ohta Yukari , Nishi Shinro , Kobayashi Kiwa , Tsubouchi Taishi , Iida Kagami , Tanizaki Akiko , Kurosawa Kanako , Adachi Akiko , Nishihara Mizue , Sato Reona , Hasegawa Ryoichi , Hatada Yuji 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This report describes the draft genome sequence of Novosphingobium sp. strain MBES04, isolated from sunken wood from Suruga Bay, Japan, which is capable of degrading a wide range of lignin-related aromatic monomers. The draft genome sequence contains 5,361,448 bp, with a G+C content of 65.4%.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Strain of
Lymantria dispar
Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Found in the Gypsy Moth Biopesticide Virin-ENSh
Authors: Harrison Robert L. , Rowley Daniel L. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the genome sequence of an alphabaculovirus from the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) biopesticide Virin-ENSh. The genome sequence is 161,712 bp, and its structure and sequence similarity indicate that the virus used in Virin-ENSh is a strain of the species
Lymantria dispar
multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.
Draft Genome Sequence of Halomonas hydrothermalis MTCC 5445, Isolated from the West Coast of India
Authors: Bharadwaj SV Vamsi , Shrivastav Anupama , Dubey Sonam , Ghosh Tonmoy , Paliwal Chetan , Maurya Rahulkumar , Mishra Sandhya 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

We announce here the draft genome sequence of
Halomonas hydrothermalis
MTCC 5445, a halophilic bacterium of the class Gammaproteobacteria. It was isolated from the sea coast of Aadri, Veraval, Gujarat, India. Its genome contains genes for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polymer that can be used as a substitute for petroleum plastics.
Draft Genome Sequence of Uncultivated Desulfosporosinus sp. Strain Tol-M, Obtained by Stable Isotope Probing Using [
13
C
6
]Toluene
Authors: Abu Laban Nidal , Tan BoonFei , Dao Anh , Foght Julia 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

A draft Desulfosporosinus genome was assembled from the metagenome of a methanogenic [
13
C
6
]toluene-degrading community. The Desulfosporosinus sp. strain Tol-M genome is distinguished from that of previously published Desulfosporosinus strain by containing
bss
,
bbs
, and
bam
genes encoding enzymes for anaerobic biodegradation of monoaromatic hydrocarbons and lacking
dsrAB
genes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction.
Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio owensii GRA50-12, Isolated from Green Algae in the Intertidal Zone of Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ling-Chun , Lin Guang-Huey , Tseng Yi-Hsiung , Yu Mei-Shiuan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Vibrio owensii
GRA50-12 was isolated from symbiotic green algae of coral. The genome contains genes encoding toxin production, virulence regulation, stress response proteins, types II, IV, and VI secretion systems, and proteins for the metabolism of aromatic compounds, which reflects its pathogenic potential and its ecological roles in the ocean.